bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Irish potato to Kebbi state Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria
Authors: H. Yusuf  , A. Muhammad  , H. Y. Sanda  , S. Ajikobi  , M.U. Tanimu  , A. Aisha  , I. I. Shade  , A. L. Hafsa  , S.K. Manir
Published: May 2023

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), sometimes known as Irish potato, was developed in the Andes Cordillera's high plains, where it is widely cultivated for food. In the mid-16th century, the Spanish conquerors of Peru discovered the crop and introduced it to Spain and western Europe. Potato tubers comprise 70–82 percent water, 17–29 percent dry matter, 11–23 percent carbohydrate, 0.8–3 percent protein, 0.1 percent fat, and 1.1 percent minerals, according to their composition. Important vitamins like thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C are produced in greater quantities per hectare in potatoes than in other main crops like rice, maize, and wheat. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the adaptation of Irish Potato to Kebbi State Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Three irrigation intervals (3, 6, and 9 days), four NPK (20: 10: 10) fertilizer rates (0, 300, 600, and 900kg ha-1), and three potato cultivars are included in the treatments (Nicola, Bertita, and Diamant). A split-plot design with three replications was used to lay out the treatments. The main plots were assigned a factorial combination of irrigation interval and NPK rates, whereas the subplots were given varieties. Potato variety Diamant proved to be the most robust in terms of plant height and number of branches; and Nicola in terms of number of leaves per plant. Variety Nicola had an edge over the two other varieties in terms of fresh tuber yield probably as a result of its higher tuber number per stand. The result implies that the use of either of 600 or 900kg NPK ha-1 and the Variety Nicola could be considered adopted for higher fresh potato yield since recorded superior performance in the study area.
Extensão com plantas medicinais: 26 anos integrando universidade e comunidade
Authors: Paulert Roberta , Kozera Carina , Zonetti Patricia Da Costa , Stefanello Suzana , Ruppelt Bettina Monika
Published: May 2023

Com o objetivo de divulgar informações sobre identificação, formas de propagação, de preparo e finalidades terapêuticas das plantas medicinais surgiram, em 1996, as primeiras atividades de extensão com estas espécies na Universidade Federal do Paraná - Setor Palotina. Ao longo dos 26 anos de atividades, as ações fortaleceram a relação da universidade com a comunidade, promovendo a melhoria da saúde. As atividades mantêm a ligação com o ensino e a pesquisa, garantindo o fortalecimento das ações na região oeste do Paraná. Ao mesmo tempo em que se resgata a utilização e a tradição do uso das plantas, as experiências acumuladas despertam o interesse científico e contribuem na formação de acadêmicos de diferentes cursos de graduação que interagem com grupos parceiros diversos: do infanto-juvenil ao adulto e idoso, visitantes de feiras e exposições, produtores rurais, zeladoras, estudantes e professores de escolas. No decorrer destes 26 anos foram produzidos materiais de divulgação e didáticos incluindo livros, cartilhas, folders, jogos, calendários e foram distribuídas centenas de mudas. Diferentes públicos já visitaram o Horto, que é um espaço didático com 85 espécies. As atividades realizadas buscam integrar a universidade à comunidade por meio de interações dialógicas onde há uma intensa troca de saberes, com impactos positivos na formação dos alunos que, por meio da experiência, agregam habilidades e competências fundamentais para a sua formação profissional. As ações com plantas medicinais são promotoras da difusão do conhecimento e também auxiliam na promoção da qualidade de vida da população como instrumento de transformação social.
Projeto Alimentos Orgânicos – 10 anos de atividades extensionistas
Authors: Cordeiro Juliano , Cordeiro Pedro Sbaraini
Published: May 2023

A inserção da universidade no cotidiano da sociedade se concretiza a partir das ações extensionistas que integram o tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O projeto de extensão “Alimentos Orgânicos” teve início em maio/2012 na Universidade Federal do Paraná - Setor Palotina. Durante este período foram realizadas atividades nas propriedades rurais, na Associação dos Produtores Orgânicos, na Feira Municipal de Produtores e nas escolas da rede básica de ensino. O projeto se baseou pela interação dialogada com produtores rurais, professores, alunos e o público consumidor. Os objetivos foram contribuir para o aumento da produção de alimentos orgânicos e concomitantemente repassar conhecimento sobre os benefícios do consumo deste tipo de alimento. A metodologia teve quatro eixos norteadores: Caracterização dos produtores rurais e perfil dos consumidores; Mensuração da demanda por produtos de origem orgânica; Divulgação dos benefícios do consumo dos alimentos orgânicos através de palestras em escolas e campanhas de divulgação e Implantação de técnicas de cultivo orgânico. O projeto permeou e foi ancorado pelos conhecimentos advindos de diferentes áreas como agroecologia, educação ambiental, ecologia de agroecossistemas, sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis entre outras. Sempre se buscou a relação direta com os parceiros envolvidos visando identificar seus anseios para com o projeto e melhorar, direcionar e integrar as ações da universidade na realidade local. Ao concluir sua primeira década de atividades, o projeto atingiu seus objetivos na região, contribuindo positivamente com a cadeia produtiva de alimentos orgânicos e paralelamente auxiliando na formação dos acadêmicos extensionistas.
Bombas de papel: a participação dos estudantes de direito do Paraná na Guerra Civil de 1932
Authors: Hansen Thiago
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo tem por objeto a reconstrução da história da participação dos estudantes de direito da Faculdade de Direito do Paraná na Guerra Civil de 1932. Analisando a imprensa da época, a memória de alguns dos participantes e o fluxo de consultas e empréstimos da biblioteca da Faculdade, a pesquisa: resgatou o cotidiano e a cultura jurídica de Curitiba no início dos anos 1930; identificou os principais debates sobre constitucionalismo no estado do Paraná; resgatou os principais autores e livros emprestados e debatidos; narrou e problematizou a participação desses estudantes no conflito como membros da Caravana Acadêmica do Paraná e, posteriormente, como alistados no 9º Batalhão de Caçadores da Reserva. Identificou-se que a Guerra Civil de 1932 foi um importante marco para os debates constitucionais brasileiros e um divisor de águas na memória pública da participação dos bacharéis na política nacional. Assim, demonstra-se a necessidade premente de novas pesquisas voltadas à história do direito que preencham e problematizem a relação entre direito, guerra civil e cultura constitucional no Brasil.
Regulação experimental ou sandbox regulatório – compreensões e desafios
Authors: Heinen Juliano
Published: May 2023

As intensas e rápidas transformações da sociedade, também causadas pelas novas tecnologias, desafiam os métodos de ordenação do sistema jurídico, os quais teriam de acompanhar tais modificações, de modo que os reguladores passaram a adotar outro modo de conceber as normas: por meio da regulação experimental ou sandbox regulatório. Em síntese, o regulador delimita que um grupo ou um espaço restrito se submeta a uma regulação flexível, diferente e por determinado tempo. Com isso, as externalidades positivas e negativas podem ser visualizadas por meio de uma experiência real, consagrando-se uma construção concertada da regulação que eventualmente migrará a todo o mercado. Tal instituto incentiva o experimentalismo estruturado de produtos e serviços inovadores em ambiente controlado e mediante supervisão do regulador, tentando mitigar a desconexão regulatória. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa pretende, por meio de uma metodologia de abordagem dedutiva, e pelo método de procedimento expositivo, estabelecer, na sua primeira parte, as premissas teórico-dogmáticas desse instituto. Ao final, por meio do método de procedimento expositivo e comparativo, intenciona-se demonstrar ao leitor as complexidades reveladas pela aplicação de institutos desse tipo, colocando em xeque a dogmática de alguns deles. Estabelece-se como problema de pesquisa analisar e sistematizar as premissas teórico-dogmáticas da regulação experimental ou sandbox regulatório, sugerindo-se contribuições para o ajuste desse modelo em relação ao espectro jurídico-positivo ora praticado.
População em situação de rua, violações de direitos e modos (est)ético-políticos de resistência: a rua como palco da acontecimentalização da existência.
Authors: Oliveira Ianka Marcele Silva , Rosa Rogério Machado , Botega Gisely Pereira
Published: May 2023

Este artigo é desdobramento de uma pesquisa sobre população em situação de rua e violações de direitos. Debateremos, aqui, um aspecto do referido estudo por nós considerado fulcral, a saber:  os processos de resistências e os modos de enfrentamentos (est)ético-políticos produzidos por pessoas em situação de rua, frente às violações de seus direitos. Epistemologicamente, orientamo-nos principalmente pela teorização relativa às relações de poder desenvolvidas por Michel Foucault, articulando-a sucintamente à problemática da necropolítica, proposta por Achille Mbembe. A produção da matéria empírica da pesquisa ocorreu por meio de observações, conversas informais, registros em diário de campo e quatro interlocuções; com pessoas que estavam ou já estiveram em situação de rua há mais de três meses, e que viviam na região central de Florianópolis/SC. A perspectiva da análise de práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos foi a estratégia teórico-metodológica utilizada para a discussão da empiria. Buscou-se, por fim, lançar questionamentos e ampliar discussões acerca da população em situação de rua, suas resistências e enfrentamentos (est)éticos frente às violações de direitos, bem como problematizar as relações de poder que atravessam a vida na rua e, quiçá, romper com lógicas hegemônicas e universais acerca das possibilidades de existência dessas populações.
Phubbing e dependências tecnológicas: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Teixeira Iara Do Nascimento , Freire Sandra Elisa de Assis
Published: May 2023

Ao passo que a tecnologia avança em fazer parte do dia a dia das pessoas, a preocupação em se investigar os possíveis efeitos nocivos desta presença constante cresce. Há atenção especial aos estudos que envolvem o smartphone, por ser este o meio favorito de acesso às mídias sociais, facilitando o aparecimento de problemáticas, a exemplo das dependências que o envolvem e o phubbing. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os artigos encontrados na literatura que discutem a relação entre o phubbing e dependências de tecnologia. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, PubMed e PsycInfo. A partir dos critérios de busca, foram encontrados 80 artigos no período de 2016 a 2020, resultando em 14 artigos para análise. Foram encontradas correlações positivas e significativas entre phubbing e dependências tecnológicas, estudos sobre determinantes do phubbing, sobre a transmissão do comportamento de pais para filhos, validações de escala e outros que tratam de redes sociais específicas. Os resultados permitiram uma visão ampla da problemática das dependências tecnológicas associadas ao phubbing, preenchendo uma lacuna existente na literatura ao se problematizar as características dos estudos, dentre suas diferenças e semelhanças.
Analisis Strategi Mahasiswa PJKR UPGRIS Dalam Menjaga Kebugaran Jasmani Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Perdana Achmad Tegar
Published: May 2023

The background of this research is based on being a student of the physical education, health, and recreation study program, it is very important to take an active role in breaking the chain of the spread of Covid-19 by making a strategy to maintain physical fitness to increase immunity resistance. This research is descriptive quantitative and the research design is a survey method by collecting information or data using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this study used t-test statistics. The instrument uses a closed direct questionnaire using a choice type questionnaire, namely: strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), neutral (3), agree (4), and strongly agree (5). The population in this study were active students of PJKR Upgris. The sampling technique is random sampling. Based on the test using SPSS 20, it shows that the regression coefficient value is 0.626, meaning that for every 1% addition to the physical fitness analysis (x), physical fitness during the pandemic (Y) will increase by 0.626. Thus, it can be said that strategy analysis (X) has a positive effect on physical fitness during the pandemic (Y). In addition, the results of the study also showed a sig value of 0.000 <0.05 and an at-count value of 8.659 > 0.227 so the hypothesis was accepted. From the results of testing these data, it can be concluded that the analysis of strategies in the exercise carried out by PJKR UPGRIS students has a positive and significant influence on improving physical fitness during the covid-19 pandemic. Based on the results of research conducted on PJKR Upgris students, it can be concluded that: There is an influence between the analysis of PJKR students' strategies in maintaining physical fitness during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this case, it can be interpreted that the influence of the analysis of the exercise strategy of PJKR Upgris students in helping to maintain physical fitness levels during the COVID-19 pandemic is significant.
"I am Christ": Keyness Analyses of Christ Claimants' Sermons
Authors: Palayon Raymund , Perrodin David
Published: May 2023

Various religious leaders claim that they are Jesus Christ (the fundamental figure in Christianity), which makestheir groups highly distinct from other religious groups. This claim allows society to view generally these leaders as false Christs. To guide individuals in society in identifying their characteristics empirically, in this paper, the language in the discourses of these leaders from the aboutness and communication style perspectives is viewed through the key linguistic features identified. The sermons of Apollo Quiboloy (the leader of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ) and the sermons of AJ Miller (the leader of Divine Truth) who view themselves as Jesus Christ incarnate were used as the target corpora. The sermons of these leaders were comparedto different versions of the four canonical gospels (namely, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) as the benchmark corpora found in the Christian Bible using keyness analyses to identify the patterns of key linguistic features in the sermons for language characterization. The findings show that the language in the sermons of Apollo Quiboloy displays concepts such as the relationship of father and I (son) which are likely to be similar when compared to the gospels, whereas the language in the sermons of AJ Miller displays psychological concepts which are likely to be different when compared to the gospels. The findings in the sermons of Christ claimants may allow the characteristics of these religious leaders to be identified.
Anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with triple flip-buttons leads to good functional outcomes and low reduction loss: a case series
Authors: Águila Raúl , Gana Gonzalo , Muñoz J Tomás , de la Pastora Diego García , Oyarzún Andrés , Mansilla Gabriel , Coda Sebastián , Rojas J Tomás
Published: May 2023

Background: The management of acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation remains controversial. Recently, anatomic coracoclavicular (CC) fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons has shown promising results. This study aimed to evaluate functional and radiological outcomes in patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation treated with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Methods: A retrospective, unicentric study was performed. The study included patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation who underwent surgery with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Demographic data were obtained from medical records. A functional evaluation using subjective shoulder value (SSV), visual analog scale (VAS), and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaires was performed, and an evaluation of preoperative and postoperative comparative Zanca view images was performed. Factors associated with functional outcomes and radiological AC reduction were analyzed. Results: A total of 83 patients completed follow-up and were included in the analysis. The mean SSV, VAS, and DASH scores were 92.8, 0.8, and 6.4, respectively. Patients who had complications experienced significantly worse functional outcomes (DASH: P=0.037). Suboptimal final AC reduction was observed in nine patients (11.1%), and significantly more frequently in patients older than 40 years (P=0.031) and in surgeries performed more than 7 days after injury (P=0.034). There were two reoperations (2.4%). Conclusions: Anatomic CC fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons leads to good functional outcomes, low complication rates, and high rates of optimal AC reduction. Level of Evidence: Level IV; Case series.
Introduzione: fra storia umana e storia della natura
Authors: Grillo Paolo
Published: May 2023

l saggio presenta un rapido quadro storiografico sulla storiografia ambientale sul Medioevo. In particolare, si esamina il rapporto fra i dati forniti le fonti documentarie e quelle fornite dalle scienze naturali che studiano il passato (“paleoscienze”), ripercorrendone l’uso durante l’ultimo secolo. Il dialogo fra storici e scienziati naturali presenta grandi difficoltà, ma offre anche grandi opportunità e si fa sempre più necessario per comprendere il passato.
Il come ed il perché. A proposito della didattica della paleografia e della diplomatica
Authors: Costamagna Giorgio
Published: May 2023

Status quaestionis didattico e metodologico sull'insegnamento della paleografia e della diplomatica
Gli atti arcivescovili milanesi dei secoli VIII-IX
Authors: Zagni Luisa Federica
Published: May 2023

Questo contributo presenta un'analisi dei più antichi atti relativi all'istituzione arcivescovile milanese.
La formazione della cancelleria viscontea (da Ottone a Gian Galeazzo)
Authors: Baroni Maria Franca
Published: May 2023

Questo contributo costituisce un primo tentativo di sistemazione organica delle notizie inerenti la cancelleria viscontea nel corso del basso medioevo, da Ottone fino al consolidamento della signoria, restituendo peraltro un ricco repertorio dei cancellieri viscontei.
Intorno ad una possibile valutazione giuridico-diplomatica del documento inquisitorio
Authors: Abbiati Sergio
Published: May 2023

Il contributo propone l'analisi diplomatica di alcuni documenti inquisitori del Cinquecento, ambito che come rilevato dall'autore non risulta essere stato oggetto di grandi attenzioni da parte della scienza diplomatica.
Carta partita, sigillo, sottoscrizione nelle convenzioni della Repubblica di Genova nei secoli XII-XIII
Authors: Zagni Luisa
Published: May 2023

Il contributo descrive l'evoluzione laboriosa delle forme di convalidazione nella documentazione genovese dei secoli XII-XIII
I beni del monastero di S. Maria Teodote di Pavia nel territorio circostante Voghera ed a Zenevredo (Pavia) dalle origini al 1346. Ricerche di storia agraria medioevale.
Authors: De Angelis Cappabianca Laura
Published: May 2023

Prosecuzione del contributo apparso sulla rivista numero 5 (1980)
Gli studi di Diplomatica negli ultimi dieci anni
Authors: Costamagna Giorgio
Published: May 2023

Il contributo propone un bilancio degli studi di Diplomatica comparsi dopo gli anni Sessanta quando, nelle parole dell'autore, "si cominciò ad avvertire in quegli anni, per dirla in brevi parole, una molesta sensazione di malessere che faceva sorgere dubbi e sospetti sui limiti e sulla metodologia della disciplina".
Il diploma originale di Berengario I per la corte di Breonio in Valpolicella (920 settembre 6, Pavia)
Authors: Pozza Marco
Published: May 2023

Il contributo dà l'edizione di un diploma berengariano del X secolo.
Indice
Authors: 14 SSMD
Published: May 2023

Indice del quattordicesimo numero della rivista
Artigianati, manifatture e protoindustrie fra città e campagna: la Lombardia del XVI secolo
Authors: Beonio-Brocchieri Vittorio
Published: May 2023

Al centro di questo contributo sta il tema della protoindustrializzazione e la discussione di tale modello interpretativo a partire dalla sua declinazione nel caso lombardo.
Per la biografia di Giovanni Matteo Bottigella
Authors: Zaggia Massimo
Published: May 2023

Questo saggio costituisce l'anticipazione di una corposa ricerca dell'autore inerente questo personaggio di notevolissimo rilievo, vissuto a cavallo della metà del Quattrocento, presso la corte di Filippo Maria Visconti e poi degli Sforza.
Contributo alla conoscenza del clero ambrosiano nella seconda metà del Quattrocento dalle filze del notaio Donato della Torre
Authors: Ruggeri Fausto
Published: May 2023

Il presente lavoro intende offrire un contributo alla conoscenza del clero secolare della diocesi di Milano nel secolo XV attraverso lo spoglio delle filze di un notaio dell’epoca.
Le carte di S. Maria Vecchia di Como (secoli XI-XIII)
Authors: Biondi Laura , Martinelli Liliana , Perelli Cippo Roberto
Published: May 2023

Prosecuzione del lavoro di edizione delle carte di S. Maria Vecchia avviato sul quattordicesimo numero della rivista.
Evoluzione agraria e storia sociale in una proprietà ecclesiastica: i beni del monastero di S. Maria Teodote nella zona di Borgo S. Donnino nei secoli XIV e XV_SECONDA PARTE
Authors: Chiappa Mauri Maria Luisa
Published: May 2023

Seconda parte del contributo
Pietro Besozzi e la sua famiglia attraverso gli atti del notaio Giovannolo Besozzi (Besozzo, 1393-1439)
Authors: Lanzani Emanuela
Published: May 2023

Attraverso la documentazione notarile, questo contributo ricostruisce la vicenda familiare e politica di Pietro Besozzi, legato all'importante gruppo parentale dei Rusca di Como e figura importante nel delicato panorama politico lombardo di inizio Quattrocento.
Recent developments on wall materials for the microencapsulation of probiotics: A review
Authors: Montoya Soto Jose Gabriel , González Laredo Rubén Francisco , Medina Torres Luis , Rutiaga Quiñones Olga Miriam , Gallegos Infante José Alberto , Ochoa-Martínez Luz Araceli
Published: May 2023

En las últimas décadas ha surgido un aumento en la demanda de alimentos mejores y más saludables. Entre ellos, los productos probióticos, ya sea en forma de productos alimenticios o como suplementos dietéticos. Los probióticos son microorganismos vivos que cuando se consumen en cantidades adecuadas brindan una variedad de beneficios para la salud del huésped, en particular, a la salud del tracto gastrointestinal. El principal obstáculo tecnológico que esto plantea es proporcionarlos vivos en cantidad suficiente. Por ello, a menudo se emplean métodos de microencapsulación para aumentar su capacidad de supervivencia. Un punto crítico en el diseño de los procesos de encapsulación es la selección adecuada de un agente encapsulante, el cual debe cumplir con una serie de requisitos como ser grado alimenticio, poder envolver al probiótico y ser de bajo costo, por mencionar algunos. Por lo tanto, esto presenta un área de oportunidad en cuanto a la formulación y exploración de diferentes materiales de pared. En este artículo, se presentan y discuten algunos de los desarrollos relacionados con nuevos materiales de pared para probióticos microencapsulados.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v17i1.1140
Strategy for NTFPs based micro-enterprise development: An ethnic perspective
Authors: Dubey Parag
Published: May 2023

Communities living in and around forests continue to rely directly upon a wide variety of forest products and services for their daily subsistence needs as well as for economic and cultural sustenance. Processing adds considerable value to the raw Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Therefore, it is imperative to understand the marketing pattern of NTFPs prevailing in the tribal economy and to suggest the policy interventions for improving marketability of NTFPs by adding values through micro-enterprise development. Ethnicity has a significant influence on total collection and marketable surplus quantities and value received in market. However, it had a very little, less than significant influence on nationalised NTFPs. Study suggests that in formulating strategies and identifying areas for development on NTFPs based enterprises, ethnicity of tribal community may be taken as important decision variable.
RTLB Allies to Senior Leaders with Culturally-Relevant and Responsive Pedagogies in English-Medium Schools
Authors: Paenga Natasha
Published: May 2023

Senior leaders in English-medium settings have a complex role which includes growing and sustaining cultural capacity within their teams to address the inequities in achievement for Māori. Cultural relevance, in this instance, refers to engagement with the individual context of each school and the people who come together to form that community. As RTLB working in schools with a wide and varied stakeholder pool, we have positions of influence and support, often across multiple contexts. This small-scale study looked at what we, as RTLB, can do to support the efforts of senior leaders to promote and embed culturally-relevant pedagogies. This study takes a subjectivist (exploring how others make sense of their worlds) and intervening (being agents of change) theoretical approach, with qualitative data being gathered via semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using a conceptual (thematic) approach. Key findings emerged that highlight the importance of leadership and the skills of coaching and mentoring, and link to the ongoing development of personal professional knowledge.
Factors Associated With Hip Fracture Length of Stay Among Older Adults in a Community Hospital Setting
Authors: Schweller Eric , Mueller James , Santiago Rivera Olga J. , Villegas Sergio J. , Walkiewicz Joseph
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Hip fractures in geriatric populations constitute a heavy burden on the healthcare system. The study goal was to identify patient, hospital, and surgical factors associated with hospital length of stay (LOS) for geriatric patients with hip fractures requiring surgical intervention in a community hospital setting.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional retrospective chart review of geriatric hip fractures that underwent surgical fixation at a community hospital between 2017 and 2019. The scope of the surgeries was limited to cephalomedullary device fixation or hemiarthroplasty hip fracture surgeries. Sliding hip screw or total hip arthroplasty procedures and patients who died during the index hospitalization were excluded. Median tests were conducted to examine differences between the groups. Unadjusted and adjusted truncated negative binomial regression models were used to examine the factors associated with LOS.

Results:

Bivariate analyses revealed results that the factors associated with a longer LOS were preoperative anemia (P = 0.029), blood transfusion (P = 0.022), and the number of days between admission and surgery (P = 0.001). The adjusted regression model results suggested that older patients, patients who underwent surgery more than one day after admission, current smokers, malnourished patients, patients with sepsis, and patients with a history of a thromboembolic event had statistically significant (P < 0.05) longer LOS. However, patients who live in institutions (nursing homes or assisted living) had a shorter LOS than those who live at home alone or with family (P < 0.05).

Discussion:

Older adult patients who underwent surgery with a cephalomedullary device or hip hemiarthroplasty for a hip fracture and had preoperative anemia, postoperative blood transfusions, and increased days between admission and surgery had a longer LOS. Additional factors positively associated with a longer LOS included current smokers, malnourishment, admission with sepsis, and patients with a history of a thromboembolic event. Of interest, institutionalized patients had a shorter LOS than those living at home alone or with family.
Bullying in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Survey of US Orthopaedic Trainees and Attending Surgeons
Authors: DiFiori Monica M. , Gupta Sanchita S. , Cannada Lisa K. , Pei Kevin Y. , Stamm Michaela A. , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Bullying is a notable problem in surgery, creating a hostile environment for surgeons and trainees, and may negatively affect patient care. However, specific details regarding bullying in orthopaedic surgery are lacking. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and nature of bullying within orthopaedic surgery in the United States.

Methods:

A deidentified survey was developed using the survey created by the Royal College of Australasian Surgeons and the validated Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised survey tool. This survey was distributed to orthopaedic trainees and attending surgeons in April 2021.

Results:

Of the 105 survey respondents, 60 (60.6%) were trainees and 39 (39.4%) were attending surgeons. Although 21 respondents (24.7%) stated they had been bullied, 16 victims (28.1%) did not seek to address this behavior. Perpetrators of bullying were most commonly male (49/71, 67.2%) and the victims' superior (36/82, 43.9%). Five bullying victims (8.8%) reported the behavior, despite 46 respondents (92.0%) stating that their institution has a specific policy against bullying.

Conclusion:

Bullying behavior occurs in orthopaedic surgery, with perpetrators being most commonly male and the victims' superiors. Despite the fact that an overwhelming majority of institutions have policies against bullying, the reporting of such behavior is lacking.
Cemented versus Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Head Osteonecrosis: A Study Based on National Claim Data in South Korea
Authors: Park Jung-Wee , Ko Young-Seung , Park Sojeong , Kim Sung Hwa , Lee Young-Kyun , Koo Kyung-Hoi
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of revision, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), and periprosthetic fracture (PPF) between patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) undergoing noncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) and cemented THA using a national claim data in South Korea.

Methods:

We identified patients who received THA for ONFH from January 2007 to December 2018 using ICD diagnosis codes and procedural codes. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the fixation method: with or without cement. The survivorship of THA was calculated using the following end points: revision of both the cup and stem, revision of the single component, any type of revision, PJI, and PPF.

Results:

A total of 40,606 patients: 3,738 patients (9.2%) with cement and 36,868 patients (90.7%) without cement, received THA for ONFH. The mean age of the noncemented fixation group (56.2 ± 13.2 years) was significantly lower than that of the cemented fixation group (57.0 ± 15.7 years, P = 0.003). The risk of revision and PJI was notably higher in cemented THA (hazard ratio: 1.44 [1.21 to 1.72] and 1.66 [1.36 to 2.04], respectively). Noncemented THA had a higher 12-year survivorship compared with cemented THA with any revision and PJI as the end point.

Discussion:

Noncemented fixation had better survivorship than cemented fixation in patients with ONFH.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK PASIEN SEBAGAI KONSUMEN DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DARI PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Flora Henny Saida
Published: May 2023

Setiap orang harus mengetahui hak dan kewajiban perlindungan konsumen dalam layanan kesehatan. Pasien selaku konsumen perlu mengetahui segala sesuatu yang berkenaan dengan hal perlindungan pasien demi menjamin kesehatan dirinya sendiri. Di dalam praktik kedokteran, dokter memberikan jasa upaya untuk mengobati dan merawat pasien, bukan menjanjikan hasil pengobatan atas kondisi yang diderita pasien. Oleh karena itu, pasien dan keluarga harus paham bahwa praktik kedokteran adalah pelayanan jasa dalam upaya dokter untuk memberikan pengobatan dan perawatan sesuai kebutuhan pasien, bukan terpaku pada hasil akhir dari pelayanan yang didapat. Perlindungan konsumen kepada pasien juga mencakup hak pasien untuk mendapatkan layanan kesehatan yang bermutu sesuai dengan standar profesi dan standar prosedur operasional yang telah ditentukan pemerintah. Hak lain pada pasien yang dijamin oleh undang-undang adalah mendapatkan layanan yang efektif dan efisien sehingga terhindar dari kerugian fisik, emosional, dan materi.Pasien juga berhak memilih dokter dan kelas perawatan sesuai dengan keinginan mereka, namun dengan tetap harus mengikuti peraturan yang berlaku di rumah sakit.
KORUPSI DAN PEMBALIKAN BEBAN PEMBUKTIAN UNTUK MENGEMBALIKAN KERUGIAN NEGARA
Authors: Sinaga Mancur
Published: May 2023

Korupsi disebut sebagai tindak pidana luar biasa tetapi penanganannya tidak berbeda dengan tindak pidana lainnya. Akibatnya korupsi tidak kunjung surut, kerugian negara terus bertambah, pelaku korupsi giat memamerkan kemewahannya, hingga kesenjangan sosial antara warga yang mempunyai akses melakukan korupsi dengan masyarakat awam nampak semakin timpang. Tulisan ini hendak mengetengahkan bahwa korupsi adalah kejahatan yang bermotif ekonomi maka harus ditangani dengan pendekatan ekonomi. Untuk itu kekayaan pelaku korupsi harus dirampas dengan hukum yang berlaku yakni menerapkan model Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian kepada terdakwa untuk menjelaskan asal-usul dan kebersihan seluruh harta kekayaannya dan keluarga. Sehubungan dengan itu, tulisan ini juga menyoroti perdebatan para sarjana tentang sah tidaknya model pembuktian tersebut diterapkan. Sementara itu beberapa instrumen hukum nasional dan internasional menunjukkan bahwa dengan syarat yang ketat Pembalikan Beban Pembuktian tidak bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia. Dengan memahami karakter khusus tindak pidana korupsi sebagai extraordinary crime yang bermotif ekonomi, maka pendekatan dan penanganannya juga harus dengan cara-cara yang luar biasa. Melalui pendekatan dan cara tersebut, kerugian negara dapat dikembalikan dan dengan sendirinya berfungsi sebagai strategi penindakan dan pencegahan korupsi ke depan.
TINJAUAN KRIMINOLOGI TERHADAP ANAK YANG MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN
Authors: Karina Ica
Published: May 2023

Lemahnya ekonomi keluarga bisa menjadi pendorong bagi anak untuk melakukan perbuatan pidana. Fenomena ini sering terjadi pada keluarga kelas menengah kebawah yang pada umumnya hanya bisa memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dalam batas minimum. Bahkan kadang-Kadang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan anggota keluarga (anak) harus ikut berpartisipasi dalam mencari nafkah demi mempertahankan hidup mereka. Dengan kondisi yang seperti ini orang tua secara otomatis kurang dapat mengawasi anak-anaknya sehingga kadang untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya sendiri seorang anak melakukan perbuatan yang tidak benar, (seperti mencuri, memeras, merampas dan sebagainya).  Seringnya terjadi tindak pidana penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh anak baik di lingkungan sekolah maupun dilingkungan tempat anak bergaul membuat pihak kepolisian sangat berperan penting terhadap penanggulangannya dan memikirkan langkah-langkah yang harus diambil untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Pihak kepolisian telah mengambil 3 langkah dalam penanggulangan tindak pidana penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh anak, yaitu, Upaya Pre-emtif, Upaya Preventif dan upaya Represif.
EKSISTENSI LEMBAGA KEPAILITAN DALAM UPAYA PELUNASAN HUTANG
Authors: Sitanggang Tiromsi
Published: May 2023

Perjanjian merupakan sumber terpenting yang melahirkan perikatan. Hubungan antara perikatan dan perjanjian adalah bahwa perjanjian itu menerbitkan perikatan, sehingga perjanjian adalah sumber perikatan, selain dari pada perikatan yang lahir dari "undang-undang". Apabila dua orang mengadakan suatu perjanjian, maka mereka bermaksud supaya antara mereka berlaku suatu perikatan hukum. Sungguh-sungguh mereka itu terikat satu sama lain karena janji yang telah mereka berikan. Tali perikatan itu barulah putus atau berakhir kalau janji itu sudah dipenuhi. Undang-Undang kepailitan diadakan untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada (para) Kreditur apabila debitur tidak membayar utang-utangnya. Dengan Undang-Undang Kepailitan diharapkan (para) kreditur dapat memperoleh akses terhadap harta kekayaan dari debitur yang dinyatakan pailit, karena debitur tidak mampu lagi membayar utang-utangnya. Lembaga Kepailitan melalui Pengadilan Niaga hanya akan memutuskan adanya eksekusi massal dengan cara melakukan pensitaan umum atas seluruh harta kekayaan debitur untuk kepentingan semua kreditur yang bersangkutan, yang dijalankan dengan pengawasan Pemerintah melalui Putusan Hakim.
AKIBAT PUTUSAN CERAI PENGADILAN TERHADAP PASANGAN PENGANUT AGAMA KATOLIK DALAM HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN HUKUM PERKAWINAN AGAMA KATOLIK (SUATU KAJIAN AKIBAT HUKUM DAN SOSIAL)
Authors: Zai Fransiskus Rahmad , Sembiring Rosnidar , Ikhsan Edy , Purba Asrot
Published: May 2023

Hukum positif Indonesia tentang perkawinan memberikan peluang bagi suami atau istri untuk melakukan perceraian di pengadilan. Hal itu menjadi persoalan ketika yang melakukan perceraian tersebut adalah suami istri yang beragama Katolik. Menurut hukum perkawinan agama Katolik, perkawinan tidak boleh diceraikan. Karena itu, putusan cerai pengadilan memunculkan akibat hukum dan akibat sosial tersendiri bagi pasangan suami istri yang beragama Katolik itu. Oleh sebab itu, permasalahan yang dikaji di dalam penelitian ini ialah bagaimana hukum perkawinan di dalam agama Katolik? Bagaimana pemutusan perkawinan dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan? Apa akibat hukum dan akibat sosial terhadap pasangan beragama Katolik atas putusan perceraian di pengadilan negeri? Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan menggunakan jenis penelitian iuridis normatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode kepustakaan (library research) dan didukung dengan hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan cerai pengadilan memunculkan ketidakpastian hukum sebab meskipun pasangan yang beragama Katolik tersebut sudah cerai di pengadilan, namun secara agama mereka tetap terikat dengan perkawinan itu sehingga mereka tidak dapat melangsungkan perkawinan baru dengan pihak lain.
Explaining inclusive classrooms concept: an overview
Authors: Elsheikh Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Ensuring children with disabilities attend school alongside their classmates and neighbors while simultaneously receiving the extra education and assistance they require to excel as students and meet high standards is known as inclusive education. According to the inclusive education ideology and practice, all students should be considered part of the general education community, regardless of their labels. This ideology promotes the fusion of the special education and public education systems into a single system that is responsive to the requirements s of all learners rather than the continued existence of two separate systems. Hence in inclusive classrooms, by adopting an inclusive pedagogy approach and use of education-assistive technology, every student gains. Inclusive classrooms improve the capacity of all children to cooperate, comprehend and appreciate various points of view, think critically, and be effective learners.
Occupational low back pain among nursing staff: An overview
Authors: Alkhaqani Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Today, low back pain (LBP) in the workplace is a real and common problem among the nursing staff and can significantly impact their ability to work and perform their duties. Various factors can cause it, including incorrect lifting techniques, poor ergonomic design of workstations, and long periods of standing or sitting in one position. Some research has also suggested that psychological factors, such as job dissatisfaction and high-stress levels, may contribute to the development of low back pain in nursing staff. Consequently, more occupational or workplace diseases appear, including musculoskeletal diseases, stress, fatigue, chronic fatigue, and depression. Previous research has shown that lower back pain risks increase rapidly with higher physical and psychological stress but are inversely related to leisure activities. Various physical and psychological risk factors cause low back pain in nurses. Practices requiring heavy loads, such as patient transfer and transport as part of care, are the main factors driving LBP among nurses. Preventing low back pain in nurses is important for nurses to exercise their fundamental right to work under healthy and safe conditions and provide better patient support. Individual and institutional precautions are required to prevent LBP among nurses. This article highlights the need to develop institutional plans for low back pain reporting among the nursing staff. To prevent low back pain, it is important for nursing staff to be trained in proper lifting techniques and to use assistive devices when available. Workstations should be designed with ergonomics in mind, and breaks should be taken regularly to allow for stretching and movement. It may also be helpful for nursing staff to engage in regular exercise and stretching to improve their overall physical fitness and flexibility. If low back pain does occur, it is important for nursing staff to seek appropriate medical treatment and to follow a plan for managing their pain. This may include taking medications, undergoing physical therapy, or making lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of further injury. In some cases, it may be necessary for nursing staff to modify their duties or take time off work to allow for healing and recovery.
Breast lesions with resistive and pulsatility index by ultrasound in region Faisalabad
Authors: Khokhar Abdul , Ali Rimsha
Published: May 2023

Aim: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. This study sought to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in identifying benign from malignant breast tumors using the Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index values.
Materials and Methods: The data were collected from 60 patients having breast cancer between the ages of 20-60 who visited the Allied Hospital for breast imaging by close-ended questionnaire. The data were analyzed by correlation with the help of SPSS V22.
Results: Patients were divided into two groups; benign (35 cases) and malignant (25 cases). Fibroadenoma was the most common benign tumor while invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor. There was no obvious difference in the location of benign and malignant breast lesions, but the majority of lesions (40%) were located in the upper outer quadrant. After combining all benign and malignant lesions, the correlation coefficient, or r value, was 0.399 (P=0.066). The resistive index revealed 25 malignant cases (41%) and 35 benign cases (58%) which were not statistically significant (P=0.16). However, Pulsatility Index revealed 34 benign cases (57%) and 26 cancer cases (43%) which were statistically insignificant (P=0.13). However, ultrasound’s sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 93.8%, 86.5%, 86.9%, and 93.8% respectively.
Conclusion: This study showed that malignant lesions had higher values for the Doppler parameters (RI, PI), while benign lesions had lower values while benign lesions are more common than malignant ones. RI helps radiologists when to perform a biopsy.
A study on management of hemorrhoids: Comparison between conservative management and injection sclerotherapy
Authors: Samanta Riddhisundar , Sarkar Sudhanshu , Panja Madhusudan , Barman Amalesh
Published: May 2023

Background: Hemorrhoidal disease is one of the most common anorectal conditions encountered in daily practice for centuries. Conservative management of hemorrhoids (with oral diosmin, calcium dobesilate cream local application) and injection sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol-both are very commonly practiced, cost effective, and outpatient department-based management of hemorrhoids which bear rare adverse effects. Comparative efficacy of injection sclerotherapy and conservative management in cases of hemorrhoids is still confusing and contradictory to each other according to different studies.

Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness between conservative management of hemorrhoids and injection sclerotherapy.

Materials and Methods: This institution-based experimental study done over 74 patients of first- and second-degree internal hemorrhoids. Thirty-seven patients were randomly selected and managed with conservative management, and the rest with injection sclerotherapy. Treatment responses were assessed after 3 weeks and in unsatisfactory responses, treatment was repeated for another 3 weeks. Reassessment was done after 6 weeks and 6 months.

Results: This study demonstrated that both injection sclerotherapy and conservative management had improved per rectal bleeding after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, but the former had a significant edge over the counterpart after 6 months of treatment (56.8% vs. 35.1%, P = 0.002). In case of reduction of hemorrhoidal mass – injection sclerotherapy had significantly better outcome in all the follow-up visits, that is, 3 weeks (54.1% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.001), 6 weeks (70.3% vs. 35.1%, P = 0.008) and 6 months (59.5% vs. 27.0%, P = 0.003). Injection sclerotherapy had superior overall treatment outcome after 6 weeks of treatment (73% vs. 45.9%, P = 0.04) and long-term periods (56.85% vs. 27%, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Injection sclerotherapy shows significantly better and long-lasting improvement in symptomatic hemorrhoids in comparison to conservative management which is mainly able to limit per rectal bleeding only for a short period of time.
TERRORISTS OR LEGITIMATE INSURGENTS? THE TALIBAN STATUS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Poya Fawad
Published: May 2023

The term terrorism is not subject to a universally accepted definition. However, it is generally used to describe the use of violence against civilian targets to spread fear and distress and thereby achieve ideological and/or political objectives. Specific acts of terrorism, whether national or international, have been proscribed by respective laws. The Taliban’s return to power in Afghanistan after Kabul’s collapse in August 2021 has raised an important question: are the Taliban different from other terrorist organizations (e.g., al Qaeda, ISIS)? This debate is significant because the groups share ideological similarities and execution practices; and at present, the Taliban face challenges of both intent and capability vis-à-vis ceasing acts of terror and ending ties with other terrorist organizations. This paper argues that the lack of a universally agreed definition of terrorism may not affect the investigation and prosecution of the Taliban’s terrorist offenses. In this regard, this paper critically appraises three factors—accountability, ties with terrorist organizations, and the inclusion of Taliban members’ names in the global sanctions regime. It also demonstrates why the international community is obligated to take both legal and ‘non-legal’ actions against the Taliban to avoid the normalization of terrorism.