bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radial-balanced Phase Transfer Function for Accurate Retrieval in Differential Phase Contrast Microscopy
Authors: Yu Cheng , Lin Ching-En , Vyas Sunil , Chiu Hao-Pin , Luo Yuan
Published: December 2024

Conventional illumination in differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy limits phase retrieval accuracy due to unbalanced radial phase transfer functions (PTF). We propose a novel illumination pattern and theoretical framework that enhance accuracy by aligning PTF profiles with retrieval algorithms. Simulations show improved performance, indicating significant potential for DPC advancements.
Quantitative analysis of three-dimensional refractive index distribution in a biological volume sample for biomedical applications
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed C. , Azzahrani Ahmad S. , Taha Bakr A.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the spatial distribution of refractive index components is performed using quantitative phase imaging (QPI) and optical path difference. The outcomes provide a three-dimensional projection of RI which helps in cell identification.
Study of Biphoton Spatial Correlations via Single Photons Detection
Authors: Brambila Emma , Sondenheimer René , Gilaberte Marta , Gili Valerio , Gräfe Markus
Published: December 2024

We study spatial correlations of nondegenerate photon pairs by detecting only one photon. Our work is based on nonlinear interferometers. We present a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental results.
A Comparison of Integrated Photonic Platforms for Broadband Entangled-Pair Generation
Authors: Duan Liao , Steiner Trevor J. , Pintus Paolo , Thiel Lillian , Castro Joshua E. , Bowers John E. , Moody Galan
Published: December 2024

We report nonlinear integrated photonic microresonator designs enabling > 1 THz/mW2 broadband pair generation rates. Simulations show a novel cross-polarized type-1 four-wave mixing phase-matching technique to further extend the bandwidth deeper into the visible spectrum.
Electrically Tunable TiN/SiO2 Metamaterials
Authors: Garbarino Joseph , Jones John G. , Stevenson Peter R. , Bowers Cynthia T. , Mahalingam Krishnamurthy , Kuznetsova Lyuba
Published: December 2024

Electrically tunable TiN/SiO2/TiN epsilon-near-zero photonic structures were fabricated using DC magnetron sputtering. Reflectance spectra in visible/near-IR for bulk and multilayered TiN/SiO2/TiN structures with optimal parameters exhibit spectral shift at the epsilon-near-zero spectral point up to ~10 nm due to applied voltage (12 V).
Tuning the conversion efficiency of high-order harmonic signals via variation of the Porras factor
Authors: Ghomashi B. , Becker A.
Published: December 2024

We investigated the effects of a novel phase term for short driving laser pulses on optimizing the macroscopic HHG process. We theoretically analyze the HHG yield, resulting in an increase of the harmonic yield by a few orders of magnitude.
Effective Photonic Modes and Quantization Volume for Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Taylor Michael A.D. , Huo Pengfei
Published: December 2024

Cavity light-matter coupling strength scales inversely on quantization volume, yet strong coupling occurs in Fabry-Perot cavities with macroscopic mirrors. We demystify this apparent contradiction by transforming the Hamiltonian into effective photonic modes, showing mirror-size independence.
Characterizing the nanoscale transport properties of nanostructured semiconductors using extreme ultraviolet high harmonic beams
Authors: Nelson Emma E. , McBennett Brendan , Beardo Albert , Culman Theodore , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret , Knobloch Joshua
Published: December 2024

We use ultrafast, extreme ultraviolet high harmonic beams to fully characterize a silicon metalattice, a novel nanostructured semiconductor material. We then develop a general, predictive model for the highly-confined heat flow behavior in nanostructured materials.
High-Harmonic Generation in Strongly Correlated Insulators
Authors: Murakami Yuta , Uchida Kento , Takayoshi Shintaro , Koga Akihisa , Tanaka Koichiro , Werner Philipp
Published: December 2024

We discuss the physics of high-harmonic generation in the Mott insulator, a standard strongly correlated state. We reveal the important role of many-body elemental excitations as well as correlations between charge and spin.
Generation of High-order Harmonic Spatiotemporal and Spatiospectral Optical Vortices
Authors: Martín-Hernández Rodrigo , Gui Guan , Plaja Luis , Kapteyn Henry K. , Murnane Margaret M. , Porras Miguel A. , Liao Chen-Ting , Hernández-García Carlos
Published: December 2024

Spatiotemporal (STOV) and spatiospectral (SSOV) optical vortices are unique structured light tools for exploring ultrafast laser-matter interactions. We theoretically and experimentally study the high-topological charge extreme-ultraviolet/attosecond regime STOV and SSOV generation through high-order harmonic generation.
Polarized asymmetric transmission with passive all-dielectric metagratings
Authors: Foteinopoulou Stavroula
Published: December 2024

We present a mechanism to asymmetric transmission which neither requires breaking reciprocity nor does it require a polarization rotation. We demonstrate the phenomenon with an all-dielectric metagrating for both TE and TM light.
Paley–Wiener partially coherent sources
Authors: Santarsiero M. , Gori F.
Published: December 2024

Starting from the extension to complex arguments of the ordinary Fourier transform (FT) (due to Paley and Wiener) and from results concerning reproducing kernels in Hilbert spaces, we define a new, to the best of our knowledge, class of partially coherent planar sources presenting a structured degree of coherence. Such sources are shown to be of the Schell-model type as far as one of the transverse coordinates is concerned, while they depend on the average value of the orthogonal coordinate of the two points. Some examples are shown in detail, but the proposed approach can be easily extended to infinitely many other sources.
Efficiency enhancement of WSe2/In2S3 solar cell by numerical modeling using SCAPS
Authors: Chowdhury Towhid Adnan
Published: November 2024

Tungsten diselenide (WSe2), a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) compound, is considered a promising material for application in thin film solar cells because of its high carrier transport, tunable band gap, and high absorption coefficient. In this work, solar cell structure comprising FTO/In2S3/WSe2 is modeled using one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software where wide bandgap widely accessible In2S3 is used as a novel buffer layer instead of toxic CdS buffer layer for WSe2-based solar cell. The effect of thickness, doping concentrations, defect density, radiative recombination coefficient, and the electron and hole capture cross-section are analyzed and optimized. After optimizing the device, the effect of operating temperature, shunt and series resistance and back contact work function are also investigated. At an optimized WSe2 absorber layer thickness of 1.5 µm and acceptor density of 1017 cm−3, efficiency of 22.53%, fill factor of 84.98%, open circuit voltage of 1.096 V, and short circuit current density of 24.18 mA/cm2 was obtained. Additionally, a back surface field (BSF) layer comprising amorphous silicon (a-Si) of thickness 0.05 µm is introduced between the absorber layer and the back contact to lessen carrier recombination at the back surface. Therefore, the efficiency rises from 22.53% to 29.5% with a fill factor of 89.53%, open circuit voltage of 1.26 V, and short circuit current density of 26.23 mA/cm2. The simulation results suggest that WSe2-based thin-film solar cells can be designed and fabricated with high efficiency and cost advantage.
A qualitative description of HIV testing and healthcare experiences among trans women in Ghanaian urban slums BSGH-012
Authors: Dakpui Henry Delali , Shamrock Osman Wumpini , Aidoo-Frimpong Gloria , Zigah Edem Yaw , Kofi Agbemedu George Rudolph , Ahmed Abdallah , Osman Umar , Haruna Aliyu , Abu-Ba’are Gamji Rabiu
Published: December 2024

Achieving the UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets hinges on identifying and engaging individuals with HIV in care, requiring 90% of those infected to be diagnosed, initiated on ART, and achieving viral suppression. Despite this imperative, HIV testing services as well as research in Ghana often overlook the unique experiences of transgender women in urban slums, impacting their engagement with care. Using the gender affirmative model lens, this study reports the HIV testing experiences of trans women in Ghanaian slums, highlighting how the healthcare environment, counseling, and healthcare provider attitudes shape these experiences. The study used a qualitative descriptive interview design with 20 trans women aged 18 to 31 from urban slums in Greater Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo, with results presented in categories and subcategories. Two main categories emerged from our data analysis: 1) Positive Experiences with HIV Testing, and 2) Negative Experiences with HIV Testing. Positive experiences with HIV testing among trans women in Ghanaian slums included a welcoming environment at healthcare facilities, supportive counseling, and relatability with HIV-positive nurses. Negative experiences were characterized by fear and anxiety during testing, often intensified by healthcare worker attitudes, including unwelcoming behaviors and judgmental body language, especially in facilities that are not key population friendly. These categories provided a framework for understanding the varied experiences of trans women in Ghanaian slums regarding HIV testing. The study highlights the urgent need for Ghanaian slum healthcare facilities to address discrimination against trans women by creating inclusive, supportive environments. It stresses the importance of using a gender-affirmative approach to improve HIV testing and health outcomes for trans women. Policymakers and healthcare providers must focus on training, inclusive care, and cultural competence to reduce health disparities for this population.
Experimental infection of purebred Saanen goats high pathogenicity and virulence of Babesia aktasi
Authors: Ulucesme Mehmet Can , Ozubek Sezayi , Aktas Munir
Published: December 2024

Small ruminant babesiosis remains a neglected disease despite causing significant economic losses to sheep and goat herds in many regions around the world. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ovine babesiosis are well-known, but there is a lack of information regarding caprine babesiosis. Since the discovery of the first Babesia spp. in 1888, several species/subspecies/genotypes, including Babesia aktasi, have been described. Our recent molecular survey revealed that the parasite is highly prevalent (22.5%) in indigenous goats from Mediterranean region of Türkiye. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the pathogenicity and virulence of B. aktasi in immunosuppressed (n = 5) and immunocompetent (n = 7) purebred Saanen goats. The goats were experimentally infected with fresh B. aktasi infected blood, and examined for clinical, parasitological, hematological, and serum biochemical findings throughout the infection. Following the parasite inoculation, intra-erythrocytic parasites were detected from the 1st day post-infection, followed by an increase in rectal temperature and parasitemia. The parasitemia was detected ranging from 4.3% to 33.5% in the immunosuppressed group, while it was 2.1% to 7.6% in the immunocompetent. Severe clinical symptoms characterized by anemia, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria developed in both groups. A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between the increase in parasitemia and RBC, WBC, HCT, and Hb values in the goats compared to pre-infection levels. Values of AST, ALT, GGT, Total bilirubin, and Albumin showed a significant increase, with all the immunosuppressed goats dying on the 4th and 7th days post-infection, while four out of seven immunocompetent goats died on between 6-8th days. Severe edema in the lungs, frothy fluid in the trachea, jaundice in the subcutaneous and mesenteric fat, and dark red urine were detected in necropsy. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that B. aktasi was highly pathogenic to purebred Saanen goats. Current work assures valuable insights into the pathogenesis and virulence of B. aktasi and serves as a foundation for future studies to develop effective control strategies against caprine babesiosis.
Why Emigration Is Costly for Incumbents: the Case of El Salvador
Authors: Acevedo Jesse
Published: November 2024

El Salvador has the most popular president in Latin America, even as Salvadorans continue to migrate to the United States in high numbers. While emigration can serve as a safety valve that benefits incumbents, it also reflects a rejection of the status quo, producing a signal that negatively affects presidential popularity. This paper uses a survey of a nationally represented sample of Salvadorans with an embedded experiment. Respondents are primed on the number of apprehensions of Salvadorans attempting to cross the U.S.-Mexico border, which highlights the costly decision to leave El Salvador. The survey results show that emigration reduces presidential approval and generates pessimism about the status quo. Information about migrant apprehensions also negatively affects prospective outlooks over one’s personal economy. The study underscores how emigration can negatively affect incumbents despite the long-term political and economic benefits emigration may bring.
Assessment of preparedness for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary department of a district in South India
Authors: Kotekar Srajana Uttam , Vyas Navya
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top ten public health challenges affecting humans worldwide. Antibiotic use in livestock, agriculture, and fisheries is a significant yet often overlooked contributor to AMR. This study aimed to evaluate the preparedness of the veterinary department for AMR in a district in South India.

Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study involved all veterinary personnel in the department, with 73 participants (administrative officials, veterinary doctors, and para veterinarians). Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and an observational checklist to assess infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Specific questionnaires were administered to veterinary doctors and para veterinarians to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and resistance. Administrators were also surveyed regarding measures to prevent, detect, and respond to AMR.

Results: Administrative veterinary officers displayed significant disparities in knowledge and preparedness regarding AMR-related domains. This indicated a gap in communication and coordination to combat AMR at the administrative level. The shortage of veterinary doctors was noted, which paved the way for para-veterinarians to be involved in antibiotic prescription. Adherence to biomedical waste management and IPC practices were observed. The KAP survey revealed adequate knowledge and positive attitudes among veterinary doctors regarding antibiotic use, although familiarity with AMR action plans and antibiotic stewardship was limited.

Conclusion: The veterinary department excels in infection control and medical countermeasures but needs to improve its implementation of preventive measures, early detection, surveillance, and human resources.

Keywords: antibiotic stewardship, antimicrobial resistance, food security, one health approach, veterinary department.
Effect of carbon nanotubes on the structure and properties of polymer-bitumen binder
Authors: Bieliatynskyi Andrii , Bakulich Olena , Trachevskyi Viacheslav , Ta Mingyang
Published: December 2024

The influence of CNTs on the structure, rheological and mechanical properties of polymer-bitumen binders (PBB) was investigated. CNTs were obtained by pyrolysis of acetylene, toluene, dichloromethane, acetonitrile and a mixture of carbon disulfide and dichloromethane. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis (DSC, TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize CNTs. It was proven that CNTs stabilize PBBs, slowing down the degradation processes. Compared to the reference sample, the use of CNTs resulted in a slight decrease in both the tensile strength of the asphalt after 3 h of heating at 20°C (4%) and the compressive strength at 50°C (3%).
Managing Risk in the Digital Era: A Generational Approach-Z on Personal Risk Management
Authors: Setiawan Amelia , Wirawan Samuel , Djajadikerta Hamfri , Faninda Sandra
Published: November 2024

Risk management should be applied not only at the corporate level but also on a personal level. As technology becomes increasingly integral to daily life, implementing personal risk management in digital activities warrants examination. This study explores personal risk management within the context of online shopping. It investigates factors influencing personal risk management, including privacy concerns, perceived security threats, and internet self-efficacy. The study focuses on individuals from Generation Z, the first generation to grow up in a fully digital environment. Data were collected through online questionnaires, yielding 972 responses, of which 466 were analyzed further. The data were processed using SEM-PLS. The findings indicate that privacy concerns, perceived threats, and internet self-efficacy directly impact personal risk management, which in turn directly influences purchase intentions. This research offers valuable insights for regulators in crafting digital security regulations, for individuals in evaluating and enhancing their personal risk management strategies, for online retailers in designing robust data security measures, and for researchers as a contribution to the limited literature on this topic.
Exploring the Role of Knowledge Sharing in Enhancing Innovative Work Behavior in Small Medium-sized Industries
Authors: Rihayana I Gede , Aristana I Nengah
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior, with a focus on the mediating role of knowledge sharing. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 126 respondents from small and medium-sized export industries in Bali. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.2.9. The findings indicate that transformational leadership has a significant effect on innovative work behavior. Furthermore, knowledge sharing serves as a mediator between transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. The study acknowledges limitations, such as potential bias from self-assessment methods. The implications suggest that leaders in small and medium-sized industries should gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between these variables and the mediating mechanisms involved. This information can be valuable for enhancing leadership performance and fostering innovative work behavior in these industries. Theoretically, this study contributes to the understanding of how leadership styles can enhance organizational behavior, particularly in promoting innovative work behavior.
Thermophysiological Comfort Behaviour of Cut Protective Workwear Consisting of Filament Twisted Multicomponent Hybrid Yarn
Authors: Hasan Zayedul , Rathour Rochak , Das Apurba , Alagirusamy Ramasamy , Kumar Nandan
Published: December 2024

Current cut protective gear is subject to several difficulties, such as the use of heavy fabric, complicated donning processes, lack of comfort and limited movement. When selecting the most comfortable cut protective fabric, it is important to consider the end users' specific needs. The aim of this study was to enhance the comprehension and optimisation of protective apparel for superior occupational safety and protection by exploring the intricate link between material composition, yarn structure and comfort parameters. Various combinations of filament twisted core sheath yarn consisting of stainless-steel/glass with high-performance polyethylene and polyester wraps were used to fabricate thermo-physiological comfortable cut protective workwear fabric. Twelve cut protective fabrics with the same areal density (200 g/m2) were prepared with 6-end satin weave using filament twisted core sheath yarn of five distinct linear densities (98.4 tex, 73.8 tex, 59.1 tex, 49.2 tex and 39.4 tex). These fabric samples were used to evaluate thermophysiological characteristics, including air permeability, dry and evaporative heat resistance, thermal conductivity, moisture permeability, wettability and moisture wicking according to the established standard. The cut protection of each sample was also measured according to EN 13997. The cut protection and thermo-physiological comfort attributes of cut-resistant clothing are greatly influenced by the proportion of core material (stainless-steel/glass) and yarn structural parameters (linear density and twist direction), which was observed by analysing the results. An increased core material percentage (stainless-steel/glass) contributes to increased fabric thickness and reduced bulk density, which influences the thermophysiological comfort attributes of the developed cut protective workwear fabric. Fabric made from a higher proportion of core material (stainless-steel/glass) with a lower bulk density exhibited an acceptable cut protection level and performed better in terms of thermo-physiological comfort attributes.
Partnerská a pedagogická láska: q-metodologická štúdia reprezentácií lásky medzi vysokoškolskými študentami predprimárneho vzdelávania
Authors: Lukšík Ivan , Kováčová Nela
Published: November 2024

Love, as both an individual experience and a cultural construct, presents unique challenges in educational contexts. This study employs q-methodology to examine how undergraduate students in pre-primary education conceptualize love, drawing on a diverse range of meanings available to them. Our primary questions focus on the origins of these love representations and the role that pedagogical love occupies within them. The study involved 32 students (31 male and one female), who sorted 60 statements about love based on their level of agreement or disagreement. Through q-analysis, three distinct factors emerged: Compounded love, encompassing romantic, spiritual, and primary forms of love; Christian-based love, grounded in Christian values; Strong, mutual love, incorporating elements of mutual affection and potential infatuation. Notably, the third factor also demonstrated the capacity to encompass many aspects of pedagogical love. These findings are discussed within the frameworks of social representations theory and pedagogical love conceptualizations.
Advanced approaches for managing ber fruit fly (Carpomyia vesuviana Costa) in Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) orchards
Authors: Kavin P , Usharani B , Kamalajayanthi P D , Suresh K , Sandeep S , Richard K N , Mini M L
Published: November 2024

Jujube, or Ber, a prominent fruit of arid zones, is heavily infested by fruit flies, primarily Carpomyia vesuviana Costa and C. incompleta Becker (Diptera; Tephritidae). These monophagous pests significantly reduce ber fruit yield and quality, with potential losses of up to 80% under severe infestations. The intensity of damage increases as the season progresses. In addition to Carpomyia species, jujube fruits are also attacked by fruit flies such as Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), B. correcta (Bezzi), and B. zonata (Saunders). This review focuses on the lesser-studied characteristics of Carpomyia species, particularly the key elements of taxonomic identification based on molecular and morphometric traits, as abundant literature is available on Bactrocera species. Furthermore, the review discusses the nature and extent of damage, seasonal incidence, the influence of environmental factors on population dynamics, and resistance mechanisms. Managing fruit flies in the ber ecosystem is challenging due to the complex of species involved but can be addressed through integrated approaches that include management, resistance mechanisms, and biological control.
Le dieu de Sénèque : Optimisme rationnel et pessimisme tragique - Indices
Authors: Merckel Cécile
Published: November 2024

Ce volume conclut à l’existence d’une théologie sénéquienne unifiée et  faisant système, malgré la dualité des approches philosophique et littéraire  qu’elle implique. Cette quête de définition du dieu stoïcien se réalise à  travers une multiplicité de formes littéraires, qui sont autant de perspectives  sur le divin. Les idées religieuses du philosophe offrent au progressant en  sagesse une connaissance du dieu inductive et non déductive, expérimentale et  non seulement théorique, sensible et non purement rationnelle – dans le cadre  d’un monothéisme philosophique païen. Toute l’originalité de l’entreprise  théologique de Sénèque réside donc paradoxalement dans un recentrage sur  l’Homme, qu’il s’agit de délivrer de ses angoisses existentielles et de  conduire à l’acceptation héroïque du plan divin. En effet, la théodicée  mûrement pensée par Sénèque dépasse l’optimisme traditionnel du Portique –  qui tient le dieu rationnel pour foncièrement provident – et affronte  positivement la question de l’existence du Mal, qui culmine dans les tragédies.  En définitive, le centre de gravité de la religion de Sénèque – fondée sur  une exaltation de l’intériorité humaine – se déplace du dieu vers le sage,  véritable héros parvenu à dépasser les vicissitudes de l’existence et dont la  glorification constitue le degré suprême de piété. 
Nodal solutions for a zero-mass Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equation
Authors: Deng Yinbin , Liu Chenchen , Yang Xian
Published: November 2024

This study deals with the existence of nodal solutions for the following gauged nonlinear Schrödinger equation with zero mass:

−
Δ
u
+

h

u

2

(

∣
x
∣

)

∣
x
∣

2

+

∫

∣
x
∣

+
∞

h

u

(

s

)

s

u

2

(

s

)

d
s

u
=

∣
u
∣

p
−
2

u
,

x
∈

R

2

,

-\Delta u+\left(\frac{{h}_{u}^{2}\left(| x| )}{{| x| }^{2}}+\underset{| x| }{\overset{+\infty }{\int }}\frac{{h}_{u}\left(s)}{s}{u}^{2}\left(s){\rm{d}}s\right)u={| u| }^{p-2}u,\hspace{1.0em}x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{2},

where

p
>
6

p\gt 6

and

h

u

(

s

)

=

1

2

∫

0

s

r

u

2

(

r

)

d
r

{h}_{u}\left(s)=\frac{1}{2}{\int }_{0}^{s}r{u}^{2}\left(r){\rm{d}}r

. By variational methods, we prove that for any integer

k
≥
0

k\ge 0

, the above equation has a nodal solution

w

k

{w}_{k}

which changes sign exactly

k

k

times. Moreover, we also prove that

w

k

{w}_{k}

belongs to

L

2

(

R

2

)

{L}^{2}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{2})

provided

p
>
10

p\gt 10

.
Power of Terroir: Case study of Grašac at the Fruška Gora wine region (North Serbia)
Authors: Tomić Nemanja , Ninkov Jordana , Milić Stanko , Marković Slobodan B. , Tomić Tijana
Published: December 2024

The main goal of this study is to find out if there are any differences between Grašac wines from two different locations of the Fruška Gora Mountain and to further explore why these differences (if they exist) occur. To achieve this, we selected one vineyard in Sremski Karlovci and one in Neštin where we have analyzed the topography features, soil, and climate at both sites as well as the chemical analysis of the wines from these sites from three different vintages (2017–2019). Additionally, a sensory analysis was also done for seven consecutive vintages (2016–2022). The results reveal that the wines from Sremski Karlovci have a higher aroma intensity on the nose and dominant primary fruit aromas while they are young. These characteristics tend to drop quickly with age. On the other hand, Grašac wines from Neštin tend to age better, becoming fuller bodied, more intense, complex, with tertiary aromas on the nose and palate and with a longer finish. The key differences between these two locations are connected to the thick loess deposits and the amount of available water at the analyzed sites.
A socio-ecological approach to understanding self-regulation among adolescents with developmental challenges and delays
Authors: Paat Yok-Fong , Srinivasan Satish Mahadevan , Lin Mei-Ling
Published: December 2024

Drawing from the socio-ecological model, this study examined the relationships between child, family, and neighborhood/community factors and self-regulation among five subgroups of adolescents aged 12–17 years with developmental challenges and delays (Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism/Autism Spectrum Disorder, developmental delay, learning disability, and intellectual disability). Data for this study came from the 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative dataset (n=3,181). Using multiple regression analyses, we found that not all five subgroups of adolescents shared similar experiences. In sum, having good health and health insurance was positively associated with self-regulation, while adverse childhood experiences and being bullied were negatively linked to self-regulation. Family and neighborhood/community-related variables that were positively related to adolescents’ self-regulation consisted of parent-child closeness, having college-educated parents, household food security, and parents’ knowledge of where to obtain help in their neighborhood. Family variables negatively associated with adolescents’ self-regulation included living in two-parent households and receiving public assistance, but only for adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Socio-demographic variables significantly linked to adolescents’ self-regulation were biological sex, age, Hispanic ethnicity, and race. Future research and practice should focus on identifying and addressing the diverse ecological factors influencing adolescents’ social-emotional development to improve behavioral outcomes and support their transition to adulthood.
A Dangerous Metaphor: Thoughts on the Dysfunctionality of the Notion of a “Public-Private Divide”
Authors: Dowdle Michael W.
Published: November 2024

This article argues that the notion that state and religion should be strictly separated, resulting in a condition that is often captured by the metaphor of the “public-private divide,” is both unfounded and dangerous. It is unfounded in the sense that at least in modern functional democracies, the state and religion are not actually separated but are in fact constantly interacting and affecting one another. It is dangerous in the sense that if church and state could truly be separated, it would pose an existential threat to modern democratic-constitutional governance.
Excluding Women from Advertisements: Between Public and Private
Authors: Hostovsky Brandes Tamar , Tirosh Yofi
Published: November 2024

Advertisers in Israel routinely omit representation of women and girls as a form of adaptation to norms prevalent among ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities, by which the representation or allusion to a woman’s body, voice, or garments is considered immodest and distracting. What, if any, should be the response of antidiscrimination law to exclusionary advertisements, and why is this question worth exploring? This article argues that laws banning discrimination in the provision of products and services should also apply to advertisements that categorically refrain from presenting women. Beyond protecting individual members of vulnerable groups, antidiscrimination law should partake in freeing the public sphere of messages that reinforce discriminatory values. The intended, overt, and complete denial of women’s existence merits the law’s intervention in commercial speech. After conceptualizing the harm caused to unspecified individuals and defining discriminatory advertisements, we outline the considerations that should guide the designing of rules against discriminatory ads and apply them to a set of real-life incidents of exclusionary advertisements, demonstrating how to assess the severity of discrimination in each case. Finally, we consider the free speech implications, as well as the argument that liberal multicultural accommodation renders “modest” advertisements legitimate.
Striosome Circuitry Stimulation Inhibits Striatal Dopamine Release and Locomotion
Authors: Okunomiya Taro , Watanabe Dai , Banno Haruhiko , Kondo Takayuki , Imamura Keiko , Takahashi Ryosuke , Inoue Haruhisa
Published: December 2024

The mammalian striatum is divided into two types of anatomical structures: the island-like, μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-rich striosome compartment and the surrounding matrix compartment. Both compartments have two types of spiny projection neurons (SPNs), dopamine receptor D1 (D1R)-expressing direct pathway SPNs (dSPNs) and dopamine receptor D2 (D2R)-expressing indirect pathway SPNs. These compartmentalized structures have distinct roles in the development of movement disorders, although the functional significance of the striosome compartment for motor control and dopamine regulation remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of striosome in locomotion and dopamine dynamics in freely moving mice. We targeted striosomal MOR-expressing neurons with male MOR-CreER mice, which express tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under MOR promoter, and Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus vector. The targeted neuronal population consisted mainly of dSPNs. We found that the Gq-coupled designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)-based chemogenetic stimulation of striatal MOR-expressing neurons caused a decrease in the number of contralateral rotations and total distance traveled. Wireless fiber photometry with a genetically encoded dopamine sensor revealed that chemogenetic stimulation of striatal MOR-expressing neurons suppressed dopamine signals in the dorsal striatum of freely moving mice. Furthermore, the decrease in mean dopamine signal and the reduction of transients were associated with ipsilateral rotational shift and decrease of average speed, respectively. Thus, a subset of striosomal dSPNs inhibits contralateral rotation, locomotion, and dopamine release in contrast to the role of pan-dSPNs. Our results suggest that striatal MOR-expressing neurons have distinct roles in motor control and dopamine regulation.
The Anterior Insula Engages in Feature- and Context-Level Predictive Coding Processes for Recognition Judgments
Authors: Costa Cristiano , Scarpazza Cristina , Filippini Nicola
Published: December 2024

Predictive coding mechanisms facilitate detection and perceptual recognition, thereby influencing recognition judgements, and, broadly, perceptual decision-making. The anterior insula (AI) has been shown to be involved in reaching a decision about discrimination and recognition, as well as to coordinate brain circuits related to reward-based learning. Yet, experimental studies in the context of recognition and decision-making, targeting this area and based on formal trial-by-trial predictive coding computational quantities, are sparse. The present study goes beyond previous investigations and provides a predictive coding computational account of the role of the AI in recognition-related decision-making, by leveraging Zaragoza-Jimenez et al. (2023) open fMRI dataset (17 female, 10 male participants) and computational modeling, characterized by a combination of view-independent familiarity learning and contextual learning. Using model-based fMRI, we show that, in the context a two-option forced–choice identity recognition task, the AI engages in feature-level (i.e., view-independent familiarity) updating and error signaling processes and context-level familiarity updating to reach a recognition judgment. Our findings highlight that an important functional property of the AI is to update the level of familiarity of a given stimulus while also adapting to task-relevant, contextual information. Ultimately, these expectations, combined with input visual signals through reciprocally interconnected feedback and feedforward processes, facilitate recognition judgments, thereby guiding perceptual decision-making.
Anais do I Congresso da Polícia Científica do Goiás
Authors: Corpo editorial da RBC
Published: November 2024

Anais do I Congresso da Polícia Científica do Goiás
ЭГО-ДОКУМЕНТЫ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОХРАНЕНИЯ И ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ
Authors: С.В. КОЗЛОВ
Published: November 2024

В статье анализируется тенденция усиления внимания различных авторов к вопросам сохранения историко-культурного наследия, которое в европейских странах явилось значимым элементом национально-государственного строительства. Показано, как в связи с масштабными трансформациями, произошедшими в социогуманитарном знании в 1980-е гг., осуществляется становление нового междисциплинарного исследовательского направления heritage studies, занимающегося изучением наследия, в рамках которого сформировалось представление о наследии как о продукте, который создается и наделяется соответствующим символическим статусом заинтересованными в этом агентами в интересах воспроизводства разноуровневых идентичностей. Определено место, которое занимают в структуре наследия эго-документы как специфический вид источников, позволяющий вписывать индивидуальные биографии в общеисторический контекст. Отмечено, что, начиная с 1980-х гг., как в России, так и за рубежом наметилось существенное повышение внимания к публикации и изучению эго-документального наследия.

Currently, various state, municipal and public institutions show a steady interest in the issues of preserving historical and cultural heritage. The reason for this interest is related to the integral role that heritage plays in the reproduction of national, regional and local identity, which involves turning to a common past. The emergence of both the very concept of heritage and various practices of its preservation in Europe in the 19th century was closely associated with trends in national and state construction. In the 1980s, both the methods of preserving heritage and the sphere of heritage research undergo significant transformations. On the one hand, the number of agents involved in the processes of attributing symbolic status of heritage to certain artifacts is increasing, on the other hand, a new interdisciplinary scientific field of heritage studies is emerging, which has made heritage an object of study. The approaches developed in this area allow us to consider heritage as a result of endowing symbolic status to tangible and intangible objects, which are given the meaning necessary for the agents participating in this process. Ego-documents occupy a significant place in the structure of historical and cultural heritage as a specific type of source that allows individual biographies to fit into the general historical context and correlate individual testimonies with the official narrative that forms the national memory. Since the 1980s, in both Russia and abroad there has been a significant increase in attention to the publication and study of ego-documentary heritage. Various agents use the assignment of the symbolic status of elements of national, regional and local heritage to the documents of personal origin to reproduce multilevel identity. The intensification of these practices is also associated with the processes of digitizing an array of historical data with the involvement of various establishments and organizations.
MARKET ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL SURFACTANTS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine, YANVAROV Ye.B.
Published: November 2024

Aim. The purpose of the study was to analyze the global biosurfactant market.

Methods. A bibliometric analysis of scientific publications from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and PubMed was conducted to collect information about the microbial surfactant market. A SWOT analysis was conducted to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the biosurfactant market, as well as its opportunities and threats.

Results. It has been shown that the global biosurfactant market reached USD 4.44 billion in 2023 according to various estimates of industry experts. At the same time, its annual growth is predicted on average 5.4–9.1% by 2031. The leader in the global biosurfactant market is Europe with a share of 35%, due to the widespread use of biosurfactants in the composition of detergents, both for industrial and personal use.

Conclusions. The prospects for the biosurfactants market are closely tied to advancements in biomedicine, which will expand their commercial use, as well as efforts to optimize production processes and reduce costs.
PLATELET-MEDIATED PLASMINOGEN PROCESSING PRODUCES ANGIOSTATINS: AN IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kapustianenko L.G.
Published: November 2024

The study of reciprocal interactions between the plasminogen/plasmin system and the platelet componentof hemostasis is necessary both for understanding the biochemical mechanisms regulating the processes of thrombosis and thrombolysis and for elucidating the role of platelets in angiogenesis.

Aim. The study aimed to investigate the peculiarities of plasminogen processing by cytosolic and plasma membrane-associated proteases of platelets.

Methods. Gel-permeation filtration was used for the isolation of platelets from the donor’s blood plasma. Plasminogen was purified from Cohn’s fraction III2,3 of human blood plasma by affinity chromatography on lysine-Sepharose. The viability of washed platelets and their response to an agonist were assessed by optical aggregometry. The processing of plasminogen on platelets was induced by stimulating the cells with thrombin (1 NIH/ml) after pre-incubation with 0.25 μM Pg for 30, 60, or 120 min. Plasminogen and its fragments were detected by immunoblot with the use of previously obtained polyclonal antibodies to plasminogen kringles (K1-3 and K5).

Results. It was established that exogenous plasminogen is adsorbed onto the plasma membrane of platelets, converted into the Lys-form, and further fragmented into angiostatins and mini-plasminogen. This indicates the involvement of various platelet proteases in plasminogen cleavage. It was shown that platelets are capable of internalizing exogenous plasminogen in its Glu-form, while formed angiostatins are not internalized by the cells. It has been determined that internalized Glu-plasminogen (0.25 μM) may change its conformation to a Lys-like form within  120 minutes of incubation with platelets, as immunochemically detected with the use of antibodies against K5 plasminogen fragment.

Conclusion. The obtained results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which platelets may regulate the functioning of the plasminogen/plasmin system. This regulation occurs through their ability to generate plasminogen fragments (angiostatins) and having the potential for internalization and further secretion of the formed angiostatins by both native and activated platelets.
APPLICATION OF PCR FOR THE DETECTION OF VIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE HONEYBEE Apis mellifera IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Rud Yu.P.
Published: November 2024

Aim. This study investigated viruses of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) from the northern regions of Ukraine using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Methods. To identify honeybee viruses, oligonucleotide primers, which are specific to a gene fragment encoding the capsid protein and a fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, were used. The reaction mixture contained 12.5 μL of master mix solution (DNA polymerase, dNTPs, and buffer), 1 μL of each primer (20 pmol/μL), 2 μL of cDNA, and water to a total volume of 25 μL. PCR products were visualized in a 2% agarose gel.
Results. In the Zhytomyr region in Apis mellifera was revealed for the first time the presence of four viruses representing different taxonomic groups, in particular Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), Sacbrood Virus (SBV), Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV). Three of these viruses (SBV, DWV, and CBPV) were detected in the Kyiv region, while two (SBV and DWV) were identified in the Chernihiv region.
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the widespread distribution of Apis mellifera honeybee viruses in the northern regions of Ukraine. The use of PCR to detect bee viruses will contribute to the development of effective methods for improving the health of bee colonies.
CPT 2025: Audio-Only Telemedicine Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2024

This article provides guidance for reporting audio-only telemedicine services provided on and after January 1, 2025. The following topics are included: Codes for audio-only telemedicine servicesAssigned relative value units (RVUs)General instructions for reporting 98008–98015Examples: coding audio-only telemedicine services
Musical improvisation and space
Authors: Reimann Heli
Published: November 2024

This study is based on an experiment conducted during a pilot artistic research project aiming to discover how interactive processes between musical improvisation and space are experienced and conveyed by musicians and listeners. The experiment included three cases of musical improvisation in different spaces with Estonian pianist and composer Raun Juurikas and his fellow musicians. In a conceptual sense the study relies on Friedlind Riedel’s term of atmospheric relations and the performative paradigm of Barbara Bolt. The core of the article is formed by the presentation of the reflections of the improvisers and the short essay-format writings by two observers. Finally, the experiences are discovered as performative forces producing atmospheric relations.
The Effect of Fuel Subsidy Reforms on Cargo Throughput, Ship Traffic and BRV Traffic of marine terminal operations in Nigeria: A Correlation and Stochastic Frontier Model estimation.
Authors:   Department of Maritime Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria., Ndubuisi Kenneth Ezebunwa , Ndikom Obed B. ,   Department of Maritime Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria., Nze Ibeawuchi ,   Department of Maritime Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria., Nwokedi Theophilus Chinonyerem ,   Department of Maritime Management Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Published: November 2024

Perennial fuel scarcity has remained a norm in the Nigeria polity even when the country is a net exporter of petroleum. This scenario has left doubts on the mind of the citizenry concerning the contributory impact of fuel subsidy reforms of government to fuel scarcity in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between fuel subsidy reforms and port performance indicators namely cargo throughput of refine petroleum oil terminal (RPOT), ship calls and BRV Calls involved in maritime terminal operations in Nigeria hence justifying or declining on the assertion that fuel subsidy reforms is associated with the performance of the marine terminals in Nigeria. The data used for the study covered a period from 2012 to 2020. The variables were analyzed using both correlation and stochastic frontier regression tests. The results of the tests revealed that there is significant relationship between fuel subsidy reforms and cargo throughput of refine petroleum oil terminal (RPOT), ship calls and BRV Calls involved in maritime terminal operations in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that decisions on fuel subsidy reforms by government should be holistic in approach whereby all stake holders are part of the policy initiation and execution to promote national cohesion and economic efficiency in developmental resource allocation.