bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of vise production process using Flexsim Software
Authors: Syahputri K , Sari RM , Rizkya I , Tarigan U , Agustina
Published: April 2021

In the industrial the process of clamping on an object is an important process carried out to facilitate the work when the process of cutting, sculpting, welding and etc. A vise is a clamping tool to clamp a workpiece milled. Using the vise, the workpiece clamped tightly to facilitate the work and the results of a process is maximum. The components contained in a vise have their own functions. This research is about simulating vise production process. The purpose of this study is to model the vise production process using Flexsim software and compare the simulation results data with the vise production target data to find out whether the simulation describes the actual condition of the vise production process. The results obtained in the manufacture of vise production lines using Flexsim software produce an output of 22 units for 1 shift / day or 7 working hours. The vise production line simulation model produces 25 vise production target data, 22 simulation results data and 12% deviation occurs, so the simulation describes the actual condition of the vise production process.
Development strategy of small and medium food industry in Tangerang City with SWOT and AHP methods
Authors: Nugeroho Adik Ahmad Unggul , Hasibuan S , Jaqin C , Hidayati J
Published: April 2021

The study was conducted to formulate a strategy for developing SMEs Food in the City of Tangerang. The SWOT Matrix calculation results in the position of Tangerang City’s SMEs Food being in quadrant II so that the positioning must be carried out in an optimal development strategy. There are four possible alternatives for the development strategy of the City SMEs Food, namely: Improvement of the quality of production results in order to make products competitive, Support of available raw materials to continue to innovate products and to make products that are competitive, Improvement a partnership between suppliers, customers and competitors by ensuring the availability of human resources through government support, Increasing production development and creating products using appropriate technology. These four strategies will be considered using the AHP method so as to determine the best decision. Based on the weighted pair wise comparisons, the priority value of each strategy is 0.376 (S1); 0.128 (S2); 0.147 (S3) and 0.349 (S4). The biggest weight value is found in the S1 strategy of 0.376. So that the development strategy that becomes the main priority based on SWOT indicators and AHP weighting is the improvement of the quality of production results in order to make a competitive product.
Design and simulation of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with single stub for GPR applications at 500 MHz
Authors: Rambe Ali Hanafiah , Setiawan Arif Milando , Suherman  , Zulfin Muhammad , Pinem Maksum
Published: April 2021

GPR (ground penetrating radar) is an equipment that makes it possible to detect objects below the ground surface. The antenna is one of the components needed in GPR. In this paper, the microstrip antenna design was discussed and proposed for GPR applications that work at a frequency of 500 MHz. This antenna design has a size of 29 × 22 cm2 using the FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The optimal design was carried out by using a single stub. Based on the simulation results, the minimum VSWR was achieved at 1.009 with a bandwidth of 12 MHz (493.2 - 505.2 MHz). The minimum return loss value obtained is -47.21 dB and 5.695 dB of the gain.
Design of preventive maintenance system at PT. Y with reliability engineering approach
Authors: Sembiring Nurhayati , Tambunan Mangara M. , Devany Jeanica
Published: April 2021

Maintenance has a very decisive role in the production activities of a company that concerns the smoothness and congestion of production, delays, and the volume of production and production efficiency. The use of semi-automatic machines at PT. Y influences engine reliability. The reliability of the engine depends on the period of use, the older the machine’s age, its function also decreases. The problem formulated in this study is the preparation of maintenance schedules with due regard to the reliability of critical components on the sterilizer machine. The development of the program is based on the reliability engineering approach, which covers the distribution test of engine damage time interval data, calculation of the mean time between failure (MTBF) of the engine, and the reliability of the engine (reliability) when it is repaired. Secondary data obtained from preventive maintenance at PT. Y.
Identification of medicinal plants used by the community for indigenous poultry health management
Authors: Latifah Siti , Hartini Kansih Sri , Sadeli Achmad , Yuandani
Published: April 2021

Research has been carried out to inventory and identify medicinal plants in the Lama and the Namorih Village, Pancur Batu District. The purpose of this research to find out the types of medicinal plants. The use of natural ingredients as traditional medicines tends to increase because human awareness to back to nature and the prolonged crisis has reduced the purchasing power of modern medicines, which are relatively more expensive. Natural medicine is also considered to have almost no adverse side effects. The research was conducted by exploring the village and holding discussions with breeders who use medicinal plants. The plants that have been obtained are identified and identified. The results obtained 14 species of medicinal plants.
The role of model simulation for replanting activities: A review
Authors: Sembiring Nurhayati , Napitupulu Humala Lodewijk , Sembiring Meilita Tryana , Sipahutar Aulia Ishak
Published: April 2021

There are five largest sectors that affected Indonesia’s economic growth in the fourth quarter of 2019, and one of it is plantation. Steps that can be taken to maintain sustainable plantation productivity are replanting activities. This study will discuss various models that have been used in previous studies to represent replanting activities as a material for decision making to increase the productivity of weaving in a sustainably manner. This research was conducted by a descriptive analysis of the results of previous research activities that already exist. The results of the analysis of prior studies show that the simulation of the replanting model can provide a representation of the actual shape in the field with various influencing factors. Most of the models convert dynamic factors that affect replanting activities into discrete. This is done to facilitate the analysis of replanting activities. The replanting model simulation has an enormous impact on decision making by the plantation management. The model used in general still needs re-analysis to improve the accuracy of the actual representation in the field.
Application of work system engineering analysis
Authors: Siregar I , Nasution T H
Published: April 2021

Through this research, system engineering will be applied related to the analysis of work systems in hospitals, especially government hospitals where the workload is very high. The object of this research is nurses who work in emergency rooms. The purpose of this study is to apply engineering to the medical world that has been carried out in the manufacturing industry. Similarly, operators who work in the industrial world experience high levels of fatigue such as nurses. This is what underlies this research. Nurses have a high level of fatigue compared to nurses who work in other departments. The high level of fatigue makes it difficult for workers to distillate and focus while working and increases the danger of work fortunes produced by human error and affects the psychological condition of the nurse. Based on the above conditions and impacts, further research needs to be done on a work systems analysis to condense nurses tiredness using the macro ergonomics approach of the System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model in hospitals based on observations and interviews of nurses and hospital management. The expected output is that each nurse does not experience severe fatigue to make maximum patient care.
Application-based sales system interface design for dumpling noodles xyz
Authors: Hasugian Ivo Andika , Fernando  , Supriadi  , Luhur Erica
Published: April 2021

The sales system at Dumpling Noodles XYZ currently uses manual sales recording methods so that sales reports made so far are not stored properly. This certainly hinders business development because it is difficult to conduct business evaluations. For business development, this company wants an application that can improve the existing business sales system. Interface design needs to be documented to make it easier to communicate, coordinate all data and information needs with system users so that the designed system can be implemented properly according to the needs of system users. In this paper, the DFD of each level will be explained to produce the desired design. This application has a view consisting of the initial view, main view, customer registration form, supplier registration form, customer purchase form and supplier purchase form. The research results are expected to assist companies in making daily and monthly reports easily so as to increase efficiency and effectiveness in existing data processing.
Affecting factors of CPO yield: An identification
Authors: Sari R M , Siagian D M , Erwin  , Syahputri K , Rizkya I , Siregar I
Published: April 2021

The problem faced in the palm oil processing industry now is the instability of the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) yield. Begin from the condition of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) in harvesting is carried out to the factory transportation, then during the production process. Both of these conditions are factors are considered to be the cause of the instability of the CPO yield. This study aims to identify the factors cause the instability of CPO yield in the palm oil industry, which is expected to help the palm oil industry to achieve the CPO yield target set in each company. Control Chart and Fishbone Diagram are used to find the factors cause CPO yield does not reach the target (instability). From the data collected for 2 weeks, the results show that CPO is not controlled by statistically. Causative factors include the quality of raw materials, production equipment and machinery, worker behavior, and environmental conditions.
Analysis of graduation prediction on time based on student academic performance using the Naïve Bayes Algorithm with data mining implementation (Case study: Department of Industrial Engineering USU)
Authors: Sembiring M T , Tambunan R H
Published: April 2021

One indicator of higher education performance is student graduation presentation on time with a passing percentage of more than or equal to 50%. The abundance of data in the Higher Education Academic Information System (SIA) is not used in measuring the performance of a College, especially the Study Program. The Industrial Engineering Department summarizes student data in the SIA as a database and processes it according to what is needed. During this time, the data were abundant in SIA has not been utilized to assess student performance. When the Study Program conducts a student academic evaluation, the Study Program evaluates it based on the variable number of credits, GPA, and constraints. In the Study Program, an appropriate classification is needed to make it easier to evaluate student performance. The method that is used is the Naïve Bayes algorithm in classifying students’ academic performance USU Department of Industrial Engineering. Attributes are used, among other NIM, Name, Gender, Region of Origin, Origin School, Entrance, and GPA. From the results of testing 173 sample data using the Naïve Bayes algorithm, the pattern formed has a match accuracy of 70.83%, which means that it is useful in predicting student graduation.
Usage of eutectic solvents throughout the dehydration reaction of durian seeds (Durio zibethinus) in producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Manurung R , Taufik M , Inarto H
Published: April 2021

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is an essential compound capable of being synthesized from sustainable biomass. The aim of this study was to characterize DES, and obtain data on the relationship between glucose concentration, the amount of DES, reaction temperature, and yield of 5-HMF. The 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) hexose synthesis has been widely studied in published research. The chemical composition of durian seeds (Durio zibethinus) is the water content 10.71%, a fat content 0.38%, protein content 4.76%, and carbohydrate content 83.92%. In recent years, the conversion of carbohydrates has been carried out that is converting biomass to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from starch by hydrolyzed the starch into glucose under acidic conditions, then it can be used for Dehydration to become 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. This study explores the use of DES-based on Choline Chloride / Ethylene Glycol as a co-solvent in the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The characteristics of DES-based on Choline Chloride / Ethylene Glycol obtained were the viscosity 238.09 mPa.s, the density 1.115 g/cm3, and pH of 6.3. The best condition for dehydration reaction is the mass ratio of glucose: DES of 1: 5, the temperature of reaction was 90°C with the highest yield 70.34%, and at the initial glucose concentration of 10.05%.
A review of modeling, and simulation for sustainable replanting eucalyptus
Authors: Sembiring Nurhayati , Napitupulu Humala Lodewijk , Sembiring Meilita Triyana , Tiana Yasintha Wahida
Published: April 2021

The growth process of eucalyptus plants in the form of log volume is influenced by abiotic, and biotic factors, which then have a relationship with climate, genotype, soil conditions, both physical, and chemical, silvicultural practices, and forest management. Therefore, to improve forest resilience, and productivity, identification of eucalyptus plants is needed. The most promising tool available to help government, and companies is to use eucalyptus-based models. This model is useful for getting the right planning, assessing the variables that affect climate, and determining long-term direction, and for seeing changes in the forest sector. Individual growth models with trees, and st, anding levels are needed to estimate future forest structures. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the models, and simulations used in the process of replanting eucalyptus plants that have benefits in various sectors of life.
Detection of incipient faults in oil-immersed power transformers based on dissolved gas analysis: Case studies
Authors: Warid W
Published: April 2021

Power transformers are one of the most crucial as well as costly equipment in power grids. Nowadays, a set of factors like the growing load, expanding power consumption, and market liberation affect on the transformer reliability and operational lifetime. At present, numerous approaches are on hand to diagnosis and evaluate their operational conditions. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) in the insulation oil is an efficient diagnostic scheme which can offer an essential source for transformer failure diagnosis. In this paper, five existing approaches of utilizing dissolved gas data to identify fault kind in power transformers oil are employed. The considered methods are: key gas technique, IEC 60599 technique, Doernenburg ratio scheme, Duval triangle framework, as well as Rogers ratio scheme. These fault diagnosis methods are used to interpret and validate the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) results for four case studies. The experiments are performed on four 15.75 kV/400 kV, 3-Phase, 250 MVA power transformers in a thermal power plant. The obtained DGA results reveal that all considered DGA methods have effectively detected the fault type for each considered case except Duval triangle method which has failed to discover the fault type for two cases.
Fixed-bed column adsorption performance for ammonia removal using adsorbent from zeolite
Authors: Ansari W R , Harahap H , Husin A
Published: April 2021

A study on the performance of fixed-bed column adsorption using natural zeolite Sarulla for ammonia removal has been carried out. The effect of important parameters namely bed height on the breakthrough curve and adsorption performance has been investigated in laboratory scale experiments. The study results show that the adsorption efficiency increases with increasing bed height. These results reveal that the throughput volume of aqueous solution increases with increasing bed height, due to the availability of more adsorption sites and a longer time to reach saturation. Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using the Thomas and Yoon and Nelson kinetics models. The kinetics data can be described well using these two models. The maximum adsorption capacity (qo) was determined using the Thomas kinetics model, the ammonia value was 279.3589 mg / g. However, the study results show that the value of qo decreases with increasing ammonia bed height. For Yoon and Nelson’s models, the rate constant decreases with increasing bed height. The length of time required for 50% of the breakthrough increases with increasing bed height. The kinetics data can be correlated well using both models.
Testing of commercial black painted for flat plate solar collector applications
Authors: Simalango J , Ambarita H , Napitupulu F , Sihombing H V
Published: April 2021

Hight absorption of absorber makes improve the performance of the collector. Solar coating should be safe from chemically, and structurally stable for the variable range of the temperatures. The high cost of coating collectors made an option to utilize commercial black paint to be a coating absorber. Commercial black painted for solar collector absorber surface was discussed. These are four commercial coatings was laboratory tested and compare to get the performance. Identify of properties commercial black painting was used to explore the utility of the coating surface. To improve the absorptance solar commercial coating have been used by the researchers. This would allow the use of the low-cost coating in the solar collectors.
Study of distillation waste by clove for alternative fuel power plant: A review
Authors: Sijabat P Saragih , Siregar Yulianta , Suherman
Published: April 2021

Today, fuel source energy is increasing demand in Indonesia, such as petroleum and coal. Fuel source energy is exhausted and cannot be renewed, therefore renewable energy is one solution for highly energy demand. Innovations of renewable energy like as biopellet from clove leaf refining waste is important for fuel power plant in Indonesia. This research is discuss about characteristics and quality of biopellet from clove leaf refining waste for alternative fuel in electricity generation. The clove leaf is dried up to moisture content from 15% to 30% then made of mesh size 20 and 40 with a milli hummer. then the clove leaf powder was mixed with glue or molasses with a ratio of 80% powder and 20% molasses then printed. Heated of temperature is 90°C, the second specimen is 110°C and the third specimen is 130°C, after it has reached the specified temperature the powder in the mold on the press or pressed with a pressure of 93 kg / cm2. The specimen have been printed and pressed for about 20 minutes. Biopellet can be an alternative fuel solution in Co-firing systems with coal that has been this is the main fuel for steam power generation.
Calculating steam requirement of preliminary heating I (PH I) from evaporation agency II (EA II) and preliminary heating II (PH II) from evaporation agency I (EA I) at sugar factory X
Authors: Trisakti B , Haryanto B , Sidabutar R , Zikir M , Mardhiyani F D P , Irvan
Published: April 2021

In the production of white sugar, the evaporation process is carried out to thicken the runny sap into thick sap. An evaporator is a device used to concentrate a solution consisting of a volatile solvent and a non-volatile solute. Where in the juice solution, the water contained will be evaporated so that it becomes thick sap according to the Brix that has been determined. This paper discusses the refining process in sugar manufacturing plants, especially in the evaporator unit to calculate the steam requirements needed by each evaporator body to achieve the appropriate viscous juice brix. The larger the desired sap brix, the more steam is needed in the evaporator unit.
Production of biomass briquettes from septic tank at pilot scale
Authors: Irvan  , Lubis M F , Matondang N , Nabilah Y
Published: April 2021

Production of biomass briquettes has been conducted at pilot plant scale. Briquettes are a material in the form of powder which are pressed using a machine mixed with adhesive so that they become a solid shape. The process for making briquettes is by adding polyacrylamide as adhesives. The process stages in making fecal briquettes are based on a predetermined procedure, there are several steps, starting from weighing the feces sludge, adhesive (polyacrylamide), water then stirring until printing or pressing, and heating the briquettes in the oven. The best briquettes are produced from sixteen (16) types of briquettes with the longest burning time of 613 seconds and a heating value of 7436.55 cal/g which is obtained from the ratio of raw material: adhesive, pressure scale, and drying time respectively 5 : 2; 105 kg/cm2; and 120 minutes, with moisture content and density values respectively 7.27% and 1.06 gr/cm2. Where the moisture content and briquette value obtained have met SNI, namely ≥ 5000 Cal/g and 7.75%, respectively, in addition, the briquette density obtained has met the American standard, namely 1.0 gr/cm3.
Quality analysis of briquette made of faecal sludge
Authors: Irvan  , Lubis M F , Matondang N , Nabilah Y
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to convert slack waste into charcoal briquettes. The process for making briquettes was carried out by adding polyacrylamide as adhesives. The results showed that the best briquettes were obtained from 16 (sixteen) briquettes, namely the heating value, moisture content, density, and length of combustion were 7436.55 Cal/g; 7.277%; 1.06 gr/cm3; and 613 seconds respectively with the ratio of raw material: adhesive, pressure scale, and drying time were 5:2 105 kg/cm2; and 120 minutes respectively. The characteristics of the calorific value and water content have accordance with the SNI 01-6235-2000 standards, which were ≥ 5000 Cal/g and 7.75%, and the American standard for the density value was 1.0 gr/cm3.
Performance of electrodes Mg/Graphene nanosheet (GNS) and Mg/N-Graphene nanosheet (N-GNS) as anode of battery
Authors: Simanjuntak Roi Roharta , Siburian Rikson , Sebayang Firman , Hutagalung Fajar Yan Sahat T , Aritonang Sri Pratiwi , Simanjuntak Crystina
Published: April 2021

The aims of this research are to know the electrode preparation method of Mg/GNS and Mg/N-GNS, and to evaluate performance Mg/GNS and Mg/N-GNS as anode of battery. This research is an experimental laboratory research. GNS and N-GNS were synthesized by using modified Hummer and N dopants method, respectively. The electrode of Mg/GNS and Mg/N-GNS were synthesized with impregnation method. GNS, N-GNS, Mg/GNS and Mg/N-GNS characterized by using SEM-EDX and Conductivity. The research data shows that GNS and N-GNS are well formed (SEM data) and indicates that Mg metals were deposit well on GNS and N-GNS confirmed with EDX data. The smallest Mg particles size are found on Mg 1.84%/GNS and Mg 2.26%/N-GNS, those are 0.337 and 0.353 μm. Meanwhile, Mg 1.82%/GNS and Mg 2.15%/N-GNS have the largest Mg particles, those are 0.481 and 0.495 μm (SEM data). Conductivity data show, the highest conductivity numbers are 69.9301 μS/cm for Mg 1.86%/GNS and Mg 2,43%/N-GNS (96.1538 μS/cm), comparing among Graphite (79,15 μS/cm) and anode of commercial primary battery (10 μS/cm). All of data conclude that the character and performance of Mg/GNS and Mg/N-GNS may be modified with supporting materials GNS and N-GNS, respectively.
The performance conductivity of Mg/Graphene nanosheet as anode of battery
Authors: Hutagalung Fajar Yan Sahat T , Siburian Rikson , Supeno Minto
Published: April 2021

Research on performance conductivity of magnesium (Mg)/graphene nanosheet (GNS) as anode of batteries was carried out. This research is an experimental laboratory research. The purposes of this research are to synthesize anode material on battery and to evaluate performance of GNS and Mg/GNS as a supporting material and a candidate of electrode on battery anode, respectively. First, GNS was synthesized by using graphite as a raw material (modified Hummer’s method) and electrode of Mg/GNS was prepared with impregnation method. The characterization of GNS and Mg/GNS was carried out by using XRD and conductometer, respectively. The XRD data shows a weak and broad peak on GNS (2θ = 26.0°) indicating GNS was synthesized well and on 2θ = 43.79° indicating that the Mg was deposited inside of the graphene nanosheet. The conductivity data showed that Mg 2.02%/GNS has the highest electric conductivity of Mg (63.6945μS/cm) among to graphite and commercial battery anodes. Mg 1.91%/GNS has the lowest electric conductivity. Based on those data, GNS and Mg/GNS are potentially be used as an anode on battery.
Study of the effect of wrapping type and yeast concentration on the making of peanuts tempeh
Authors: Irvan  , Nabilah Y , Prananta L , Setiyaningsih I , Widi P
Published: April 2021

In recent years, soybean production has continued to decline, while the need for soybeans is still relatively high, domestic soybean needs or 86.95% must be fulfilled from imports. Tempeh has white color, compact texture and specific flavor. White color is caused by the fungus mycelia that grow on the surface of soybean seeds. The compact texture is caused by the fungus mycelia attached on the soybean seeds. Degradation of components in soybeans can cause the formation of specific flavors after fermentation. This research aims to make tempeh by using conventional method. In order to get best result, various variables were investigated such as: type of wrapping media (banana leaf, greaseproof paper, non-perforated plastic sheet), type of raw material (soybeans and peanuts) and yeast concentration (1% and 2%). The results show that on the 0th to the 1st day the weight of the tempeh has increased, while on the 2nd day it decreased. From the organoleptic questionnaire assessed by respondents, the good quality tempeh was made of peanuts compared to soybeans. The best wrapping media for tempeh was banana leaf because it had better aeration than the other wrappers and the more yeast that use, the better the results will be. The more yeast is used, the protein content will decrease because the addition of inoculum concentration allows more numbers of mold Rhizopus sp. grow.
The use of soxhletation method and microwave-assisted extraction in extracting tannin from jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa)
Authors: Tambun R , Husna R , Fitri M D , Ginting Y , Alexander V
Published: April 2021

This study aims to compare the ability of the Soxhletation method and Microwave-Assisted Extraction in extracting tannin from Jengkol peel. The solvent used in both extraction methods is ethanol. In the Soxhletation method, the operating conditions performed are heating at a temperature of 70 °C for 6 hours, while the operating conditions at Microwave-Assisted Extraction are using a microwave power of 100 W with extraction time of 180 seconds. The ratio of samples and solvents in both methods is 1: 6 and 1:10. Based on the results of the study, the highest tannin content obtained from Jengkol peel extract using ethanol solvent is by using Microwave-Assisted Extraction, which is equal to 11.94% in the ratio of sample and solvent is 1:10. In the Soxhletation method, the highest tannin content obtained in the Jengkol peel extract is 10.72%, which is achieved in a sample and solvent ratio of 1:10.
Utilization of fatty acid from papaya seed waste oil (carica papaya l) as a raw material in the making of epoxy compound
Authors: Sinaga Mersi Suriani , Tambun Rondang , Mardhiyani Fina Dina Putri , Rahmadani Dea
Published: April 2021

Epoxy is a compound that is produced from the reaction between double bond inside the fatty acid and active oxygen. This compound could be applied as a stabilizer, plasticizer on PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and could be used an antioxidant in processing natural rubber, surfactant, anti-corrosive-additive agent on lubricant, and as raw material for pesticide. The raw material in this study was papaya seed oil. The aim of this research to get the effect of catalyst concentration, amount of H2O2(ml) and stirring rate (rpm) on the characteristics of epoxy compounds. In this study, fatty acid, which was contained in raw material, was reacted to hexane, glacial acetic acid, H2O2with the variation of 40ml, 50ml, 60ml, and 70ml, sulfuric acid as a catalyst with variation, stirring velocity with variation of 400 rpm, 500 rpm and 600 rpm for 180 minutes. The result of this study showed that the best epoxy compound result was acquired at 2.5% of catalyst concentration, 70ml H2O2and 600 rpm of stirring speed, where the oxirane oxygen value was reached 3.52, iodine number was 10,4058 and oxygen conversion was 73, 76471%.
The influence of the amount of catalyst on the degree of sulfonation in the sulfonation process on waste-based Styrofoam (polystyrene) into Poly-(Styrene Sulfonic Acid)
Authors: Manurung R , Hasibuan R , Inarto H , Saputra A
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the influence of the amount of Ag2SO4 silver sulfate catalyst and amount of time on the degree of sulfonation in waste-based Styrofoam (polystyrene) into Poly-Styrene Sulfonic Acid (PSSA). The method used is sulfonation with sulfuric acid H2SO4 as a sulfonating agent. Based on the research, the sulfonation reaction was successfully carried out, which was shown by the functional group in the FTIR test and the highest degree of sulfonation achieved was 67.6%, which come from variation amount of 2% Ag2SO4 catalyst and 25 minutes of reaction time.
Improving the quality of liquid smoke from pyrolysis of oil palm fronds with the adsorption–distillation purification process
Authors: Maulina Seri , Karo Eka Oktaviani br
Published: April 2021

Oil palm fronds have the potential to be processed into liquid smoke. The main compounds contained in liquid smoke are acids, phenols and carbonyl produced from the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The aim of this research is to purify the liquid smoke from the oil palm frond pyrolysis through the adsorption process with activated zeolite and distillation. The pyrolysis process takes place at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C for 120 minutes, and the distillation process was carried out at the temperature of 150°C, 175°C and 200°C with 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes. The analysis of liquid smoke conducted using the GC-MS Shimadzu QP 2100 brans instrument. The results indicated the highest acetic acid in liquid smoke was 63,09% at a distillation temperature of 150°C for 45 minutes. The highest total phenol content was 12,44% at 200°C distillation temperature for 60 minutes, and the highest total carbonyl content was 21,56% at 200°C distillation temperature for 60 minutes.
Comparison of activated zeolite and activated carbon as adsorbent on liquid smoke purification
Authors: Maulina Seri , Kamny Ekanzha Rizqandy , Amalia Rizki
Published: April 2021

This study aims to compare the using of activated zeolite with activated carbon as an adsorbent in the process of adsorption of liquid smoke. Liquid smoke was obtained from condensation of vapour produced by the pyrolysis of oil palm fronds. Adsorption of liquid smoke was carried out at temperature of 60 °C for 60 minutes with a ratio of adsorbent to liquid smoke 1:10. The parameters observed in this study were acetic acid, phenol compounds and carbonyl compounds which were analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the most dominant compounds which reduced after the adsorption process were carbonyl. Carbonyl compounds played a role in producing smoke scents. Adsorption process reduced the stinging scent of liquid smoke. The adsorption using activated zeolite showed an increase in acetic acid levels in liquid smoke with an average percentage increase of 11,29%, while the levels of phenol and carbonyl compounds decreased with an average percentage reduction of 14.35% for phenol compounds and 81.19% for carbonyl compounds. While on the adsorption by using activated carbon, acetic acid levels also increased with an average percentage increase of 0,58%, while phenol and carbonyl compounds decreased with an average reduction percentage of 31.19% and 83,35%.
Anthocyanin as natural dye in DSSC fabrication: A review
Authors: Pramananda Viqry , Hadyan Fityay Teuku Aufar , Misran Erni
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, solar cell technology that dominates the market is a silicon-based solar cell with efficiency of 15-20%. Unfortunately, this type of solar cell has some weaknesses such as complex production process, utilize hazardous compounds and expensive production price. Therefore, the researchers developed organic solar cell namely dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Nevertheless, the efficiency of DSSC still lower than that of conventional solar cell. Several studies have been carried out to increase the efficiency of DSSC like the use of anthocyanin dye. Anthocyanin is a flavonoid compound that has a wide absorption range and has conjugated π bond to catch photons from sunlight. The use of anthocyanin in DSSC has been applied in several methods, such as the use of single anthocyanin dye, adding copigment, and mixing them with other dyes. The purposes are to increase stability and widen light absorption area due to result in better efficiency. This article reviews the development of anthocyanin utilization as a natural dye in DSSC fabrication as well as some modifications that have been done. The use of anthocyanin as a natural dye in DSSC fabrication is feasible to be developed in industrial scale.
Pre-design plant of cellulose acetate from sugarcane bagasse using the Emil Heuser Method with a production capacity of 10,000 tons/year
Authors: Trisakti B , Irvan  , Manurung R , Surya I , Sidabutar R , Alfayed M J , Alfaizah N , Sitorus D K , Ardiansyah D
Published: April 2021

Cellulose acetate is a cellulose derivative product that has high commercial value because it is widely applied to textile fibers, cigarette filters, plastics, photographic films, paper and membrane coatings. The need for cellulose acetate in Indonesia is quite large because Indonesia is one of the largest textile producing countries in the world. However, Indonesia does not yet have a factory that produces cellulose acetate. Therefore, the establishment of a cellulose acetate factory has a large market opportunity for domestic and foreign needs. The pre-designed plant of cellulose acetate from sugarcane using the Emil Heuser method is planned to operate with a production capacity of 10,000 tons/year. The factory location will be on Raya Krembung road, Krembung region, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The land area required is 25,000 m2. The planned of business entity is a Limited Liability Company (Ltd). The pre-designed plant has a Profit Margin of 41.69%, Break Even Point 30.99%, Return on Investment 27.53%, Pay Out Time 3 years 6 months 3 days, Return on Network 44.88%, and Internal Rate of Return 35.99%. Based on the analysis of this economic aspect, it can be concluded that this factory is feasible to be established.
The effect of method, type of solvent and extraction time towards the yield of oil on essential oil extraction from lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia)
Authors: Hasibuan R , Gultom E
Published: April 2021

Essential oil is a volatile substance and has a distinctive scent that can be found on plants. Lime peel oil is one part of the plant which can be processed to make an essential oil so that it can be used as a natural fragrance in soap making. The purpose of this study is to produce essential oil from lime peel, which can be used as a substitute for synthetic fragrance ingredients in soap making. The other purpose is to obtain the optimum method, type of solvent, and the optimum extraction time to produce essential oil. The raw material used in this study is lime peel powder sized 50 mesh. The water content of raw material on lime peel powder is 76,5 %. The extraction method used in the research is maceration with stirring equal to 150 rpm and Soxhlet with extraction time for 6, 9, and 12 hours. In this study, the ratio of raw material to the solvent is 1:10, and the type of solvent used is hexane, ethanol, and distilled water. The result in this study shows that Soxhlet is the optimum method, which obtains yield equal to 6,15% for 12 using hexane as solvent.
Oil fuel production through pyrolysis of reject plastic from paper industry using coal fly ash as catalyst
Authors: Misran Erni , Bratajaya Bimanyu Yoga , Dina Sari Farah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to obtain the best operating conditions including pyrolysis time and amount of catalyst in oil fuel production from reject plastic as raw material with coal fly ash as catalyst based on its yield and characteristics. Both reject plastic and coal fly ash are waste originating from a paper industry in Medan. This research was carried out in three steps: preparation of reject plastic and coal fly ash, oil fuel production and characterization (composition of coal fly ash and density, viscosity and heating value of oil fuel). The main components in the coal fly ash are SiO2, C and Al2O3 that are 30.36%, 27.11% and 24.04% respectively. The yields of oil fuel are in the range of 14.18% - 26.58%. From 12 samples, 10 samples meet the standard density whereas 8 samples meet the standard viscosity for diesel fuel based on ASTM D-975. The best operating condition is achieved when using 15% catalyst with 2 h pyrolysis time that produce oil fuel with the highest heating value.
Analytical Study of Blockchain Enabled Security Enhancement Methods for Healthcare Data
Authors: Roy Moumita , Singh Monisha
Published: April 2021

Healthcare data protection is very much required in the present time due to the rate of growth in data volume and sensitivity of the data. The data is collected through EHR, diagnostic image like scan or x-ray or IoT wearable devices which has sensors and shared with stakeholders who can analyse the data and use it for betterment of the processes. Benefits of medical data sharing among the entities makes it even more vulnerable. In this paper we have studied and analysed few blockchain based methods of securing healthcare data which is stored in cloud. The methods studied is successful in keeping the data safe from unauthorized access.
A Comparative Study of Various Human Activity Recognition Approaches
Authors: Goel Dhruv , Pradhan Rahul
Published: April 2021

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a vast and exciting topic for researchers and students. HAR aims to recognize activities by observing the actions of subjects and surrounding conditions. This topic also has many significant and futuristic applications and a basis of many automated tasks like 24*7 security surveillance, healthcare, laws regulations, automatic vehicle controls, game controls by human motion detection, basically human-computer interaction. This survey paper focuses on reviewing other research papers on sensing technologies used in HAR. This paper has covered distinct research in which researchers collect data from smartphones; some use a surveillance camera system to get video clips. Most of the researchers used videos to train their systems to recognize human activities collected from YouTubes and other video sources. Several sensor-based approaches have also covered in this survey paper to study and predict human activities, such as accelerometer, gyroscope, and many more. Some of the papers also used technologies like a Convolutional neural network (CNN) with spatiotemporal three-dimensional (3D) kernels for model development and then using to integrate it with OpenCV. There are also work done for Alzheimer’s patient in the Healthcare sector, used for their better performance in day-to-day tasks. We will analyze the research using both classic and less commonly known classifiers on distinct datasets available on the UCI Machine Learning Repository. We describe each researcher’s approaches, compare the technologies used, and conclude the adequate technology for Human Activity Recognition. Every research will be discussed in detail in this survey paper to get a brief knowledge of activity recognition.
Bitcoin Price Alert and Prediction System using various Models
Authors: Shankhdhar Ashutosh , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Naugraiya Suryansh , Saini Prathmesh Kumar
Published: April 2021

From last many years it has been a trend to invest in cryptocurrency especially (Bitcoin) because it is one of the most popular and decentralized digital currency. However, its prices keep on fluctuating very much that makes it difficult to predict. So, our research aim is to find the less time consuming and accurate model for the prediction of Bitcoin price from different machine learning models like (Multivariate Linear Regression, Theil-Sen Regression, Huber Regression) and deep learning algorithms like (LSTM, GRU). The dataset that we will use for our prediction purpose will be stored in MongoDB (Big-Data Tool) because it consists of huge data points. We have also implemented IOT in our system to create an alert system, which alerts user when the value of bitcoin price reaches a threshold value.
Performance evaluation of health recommendation system based on deep neural network
Authors: Sood Gauri , Raheja Neeraj
Published: April 2021

Deep learning has developed as an innovative zone of machine learning and data mining exploration part. Controlled or unconfirmed methodologies which contain of a number of layers of handling which form a hierarchy are castoff for preparation in deep learning. Every succeeding layer mines an ever more intellectual depiction of the input data and shapes upon the depiction from the preceding layer, usually by calculating a nonlinear alteration of its input. The constraints of these alterations are adjusted by preparation of the prototypical on a dataset. A deep learning prototypical studies better depiction as it is delivered with more volumes of data. Key objective of using deep learning methods in recommender schemes is to lower time complexity and to increase the accurateness of formed expectations. In this paper, performance of planned HRS is evaluated by Arbitration Time, Latency Time, Jitter, Execution Time, Network Bandwidth Consumption, Power Consumption, Training Accuracy and Testing Accuracy.
Comparative Study of Recent CMFD Techniques: A Review
Authors: Parashar N
Published: April 2021

Due to the ease in manipulation of digital images with various existing photo editing tools and softwares the task of authentication and identifying the reliability of digital image has become a major concern. Copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) is therefore known to be one of the key-domains in the latest digital image authentication study. Copy-move forgery is a passive approach in which a portion of an image is copied and then pasted onto the same image, resulting in a tampered image. In this paper, current developments in CMFD have been surveyed and a comparative evaluation of recent CMFD techniques has been done along with its advantages and limitations. Also, a detailed description of relevant copy-move forgery detection datasets is provided which will help the researchers to decide which dataset to choose for a given CMFD approach.
Impact of Driving Factors on Cloud Computing Adoption in the Higher Education
Authors: Hiran Kamal Kant
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research is to explore the sociocultural and economic factors involved in the adoption of emerging technology, i.e., the cloud at the University in Ethiopia. Organizations’ growth and development depend on the various factors that influence productivity and efficiency to improve the work culture. The data collected from the relevant key actors or stakeholders from the higher education system i.e., University of Gondar, Ethiopia, and complied in a purposive way. The researcher identified the most inducing factors under the sociocultural categories are societal belief with regression weight SoCF_1=0.821, followed by ideologies or value of individual towards CC, language barrier, and awareness towards the cloud. Similarly, the most inducing economic factors were high investment cost with regression weight EcoF_1=1.096, followed by per capita income, government grants and infrastructure development. The framework from the full-scale analysis will theoretically lead to the creation of a discussion model that can be used to examine cloud adoption in higher education.
Automation of discussion board evaluation through keyword extraction techniques: a comparative study
Authors: Thiyagarajan Gomathi , Prasanna S , Uma B
Published: April 2021

With the current trend in lieu of the ongoing pandemic, online learning and technology-based pedagogy receive worldwide attention. There are several pedagogical practices one can use to evaluate students mindful and the method will vary based on the learning objective. In this paper, our goal is to dive deeper into identifying the best keyword extraction technique which can be closely mapped with human evaluation. We report the results of three popular keyword extraction techniques specifically RAKE, TF-IDF, and Semantic Fingerprinting on the dataset generated from the discussion board post of a Learning Management System. The results illustrate that the TF-IDF algorithm shows the highest correlation with a human evaluation with 0.76 correlations, RAKE with 0.36, and Semantic Fingerprinting with 0.58. It was also identified Semantic Fingerprinting had a lowest mean square error of 18.26.
Comprehensive Analysis of Cloud based Databases
Authors: Kumar E. Saravana , Kesavan Selvaraj , Naidu R. Ch. A , Kumar R Senthil , Latha
Published: April 2021

With standard change in the computing architecture and distributed, wide range processing approach leverage the large data to be analyzed and extract the content. The recent advancement in Web technology enables the user to produce process and ingest content of any structure. Cloud computing helps to provide computing infrastructure, centralized storage and seamless services for organizations and users. In a digital world, data is core aspect of the economy, become part of government, enterprise, social sectors and every individual in a day to day life. Data analysis is gathering of strength in both research and production communities. There are many social networking sites, web, enterprise and IoT data require being stored in secured, centralized data store. It also demands data to be stored without any predefined schema and able to retrieve in near real time. When demand goes up application needs to be scaled to sustain for the demand. Similarly, data store should support scalability to support applications demand. Cloud providers and third-party organization offers numerous data storage, database options. This article highlights various available data storage options, suitability and limitations.