bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización Epidemiológica de Infección por Chikungunya en pacientes Pediátricos, Pilar 2023
Authors: Candia Acosta Max Derlis , Jousson Ayala Dahiana Araceli , Melgarejo Fretes Rigoberto Daniel
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este estudio fue El objetivo de este estudio es Caracterizar la epidemiología de la infección por Chikungunya en pacientes pediátricos en la ciudad de Pilar, evaluando la distribución por barrios, rango de edad y síntomas predominantes. Para ello, se recopilaron datos de notificaciones de casos y se realizaron análisis descriptivos. Los resultados indicaron una distribución heterogénea de casos por barrios, con una mayor concentración en algunos de ellos. Además, se observó una distribución equitativa por sexo, y los grupos de edad de 5 a 9 años y 10 a 14 años presentaron la mayoría de los casos confirmados. Los síntomas más comunes entre los casos confirmados fueron fiebre, mialgia y artralgia, mientras que otros síntomas fueron menos frecuentes. Estos hallazgos son consistentes con investigaciones previas y destacan la importancia de la vigilancia epidemiológica y la implementación de medidas de prevención y control para abordar la enfermedad de Chikungunya en la región de Pilar. Se sugiere la realización de estudios adicionales para una comprensión más completa de la epidemiología de la enfermedad.
Sistematización del proceso de atención de enfermería
Authors: Alastre Arape Yaneth J.
Published: January 2025

El proceso de atención de enfermería se utiliza como metodología de trabajo para el profesional de enfermería. La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo. Sistematización de Experiencias Docente en la Implementación del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en la Asignatura Enfermería En Salud Comunitaria II de la Universidad de Carabobo. Se encuentra enmarcado en la línea de investigación de Educación y Currículo del Departamento Clínico de Enfermería Comunitaria y Administración. La muestra estuvo conformada por 75% de los estudiantes del cuarto año de la carrera ya que en este año los estudiantes cursan la asignatura Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria II cuyo objetivo principal es la aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería en la familia y en la comunidad. La metodología utilizada fue la aplicación de un instrumento tipo cuestionario con 17 ítems con 4 opciones de respuesta para elegir una respuesta en cada ítem, se realizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo con la aplicación del programa Epi-info versión 7226 y Suite Microsoft office Excel2010.Los resultados indican que los encuestados conocen en general los aspectos referentes a cada etapa del proceso de atención de enfermería, en algunos aspectos específicos se presentaron dudas en cuanto a pasos en el PAE y los tipos de Diagnósticos y la aplicación de los modelos teóricos.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas frente a la prevención del Virus de Papiloma Humano en escolares, Pereira-Colombia
Authors: Acevedo-Osorio German Oved , Trujillo-Trejos Isabel , Ramírez-Echeverry María Yulieth
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Establecer el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas acerca de la infección por el Virus de Papiloma Humano entre las adolescentes de Instituciones Educativas del Municipio de Pereira. Métodos: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo. Se incluyeron estudiantes en un rango de edad entre 13 a los 20 años, seleccionados mediante un muestreo a conveniencia. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de un cuestionario que pretendía identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas frente a la prevención del Virus del Papiloma Humano en adolescentes. Resultados: Se analizaron 192 estudiantes de secundaria del Municipio de Pereira, Colombia, con un promedio de edad de 15,2 años. Las estudiantes no tenían conocimiento sobre el Virus de Papiloma Humano y algunas de sus características, cerca del 70,3% no sabían la definición de la enfermedad. Un gran porcentaje de las encuestadas no identificaron los factores de riesgo ni los factores de protección frente a la prevención de la infección por Virus de Papiloma Humano. Conclusiones: La población escolar tiene un bajo nivel de conocimientos acerca de la infección por Virus de Papiloma Humano, las jóvenes no saben la definición del Virus del Papiloma Humano, tampoco reconocen por qué se da la enfermedad.
UMA FESTA DAS LETRAS: UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA PARA A ALFABETIZAÇÃO COM O LIVRO “ANIVERSÁRIO DO SEU ALFABETO”
Authors: Silva Cleia Olinda da
Published: January 2025

A contação de histórias e a leitura literária são reconhecidas como estratégias eficazes para enriquecer práticas pedagógicas, especialmente no desenvolvimento da alfabetização e da expressão oral das crianças. Este texto apresenta e reflete sobre a aplicação de uma sequência didática baseada no livro Aniversário do Seu Alfabeto, de Amir Piedade, que busca integrar atividades lúdicas e literárias para superar lacunas educacionais e promover aprendizagens significativas. Com base nos princípios do Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil (RCNEI), a sequência enfatiza a importância de experiências planejadas e interativas, proporcionando às crianças oportunidades para explorar a consciência fonológica, fortalecer a interação social e desenvolver o gosto pela leitura. Ao longo deste trabalho, são analisados os impactos dessa abordagem na educação infantil e primeiros anos do ensino fundamental, destacando a relevância de práticas integradas para uma alfabetização prazerosa e colaborativa em uma sequência didática.
RESPONSABILIDADE PENAL DO MENOR INFRATOR NA PERSPECTIVA DO ESTATUTO DA CRIANÇA E ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Trindade Diego dos Santos , Freire Gabriel Rodrigues Garcia Lima , Santos Leandro Queiroz dos , Borba Lennon de Oliveira , Lima Lucas Gracioli de , Prado Maira Sandri do , Carlesso Pedro Henrique , Osório Rodrigo Santos Emanuelle , Brasil Rogério da Rosa , Cruz Tiago Darold
Published: January 2025

A complexidade do tema da segurança pública, aliada a sensação de insegurança de grande parte da população e também a crescente de alguns índices de criminalidade, faz com que certas temáticas e até possíveis iniciativas sejam constantemente debatidas e até fomentadas visando mitigar problemas relacionados ao convívio em sociedade e o bem-estar social, como a questão da redução da maioridade penal e a responsabilização penal de menores infratores, entendendo que uma maior repressão ao crime e aos transgressores pode ser uma alternativa benéfica neste sentido. A estes argumentos também existem oposições. Mas essa ideia de maior repressão a jovens, seja com redução da maioridade penal ou com medidas mais rígidas aos transgressores nessa faixa etária, encontra muitos percalços e até questões inconstitucionais, além disso, o próprio Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente discorre sobre a proteção integral a criança e adolescente, tendo em vista as particularidades e a questão não existir ainda o pleno desenvolvimento e capacidade de discernimento neste momento da vida. Pensando nisto, se levanta a seguinte problemática: o direito a proteção integral do desenvolvimento a criança e adolescente a partir do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente é condicionante basilar a não responsabilização penal de menores infratores? Visando responder esse problema de pesquisa, o estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar a responsabilidade penal do menor infrator na perspectiva do estatuto da criança e adolescente. Como objetivos específicos: analisar a temática da maioridade penal à luz da Constituição, caracterizar o termo menor infrator; analisar teorias favoráveis e desfavoráveis a maior rigidez as transgressões efetuadas por menores de idade. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, a pesquisa tem fundamentação a partir de uma revisão de literatura, de natureza básica e uma abordagem qualitativa.
HEMÓLISE NA CIRURGIA CARDÍACA COM USO DE CIRCULAÇÃO EXTRACORPÓREA
Authors: Oliveira Neci Barrozo de , Martin Vera Lúcia Lino , Redon Rafaela Mourão
Published: January 2025

A hemólise na circulação extracorpórea (CEC) é um fenômeno importante e relevante no contexto de procedimentos cirúrgicos, especialmente durante a realização de cirurgias cardíacas e transplantes, que envolvem o uso de máquinas de circulação extracorpórea. A circulação extracorpórea é uma técnica que permite que o sangue do paciente seja desviado de seu corpo, passando por uma máquina que drena, filtra e oxigena o sangue, após retornar ao sistema circulatório. Durante esse processo, a integridade das células sanguíneas, em particular dos eritrócitos (hemácias), pode ser comprometida, levando à hemólise. Este artigo discute as causas, mecanismos, consequências e estratégias de manejo da hemólise associada à CEC.
Sobre estrategias y divulgación de la ciencia para la conservación: anfibios, reptiles y otros vertebrados terrestres
Authors: Balderas-Valdivia Carlos Jesús , González-Hernández Adriana , Alvarado-Zink Alejandra
Published: January 2025

This article reflects on the problem of the environmental crisis and the need to recover the relationship between humans and nature, as a basic strategy to confront the loss of biodiversity. Examples of Mexico’s herpetofauna are used, as they are among the most biodiverse vertebrate animals in the country and characterized by their valuable ecosystem services for our well-being, but at the same time, they are one of the living beings most threatened with extinction on the planet. A series of definitions related to the phenomenon of life, the environment and dissemination are discussed and addressed for those interested in the conservation of nature and for those initiating science communication activities. The essential proposal of strategies for the conservation of nature consists of providing the basic notions of the environmental theme with the idea of knowing to preserve. Additionally, a glossary of terms is provided as a reference for related topics.
Diálogos institucionais: possibilidades, limites e o importante alerta de Roberto Gargarella
Authors: Godoy Miguel Gualano de , Machado Filho Roberto Dalledone
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo tem por objetivo recuperar o conceito de diálogo, sua origem e caminhos na jurisdição constitucional. Em seguida, busca identificar de que forma a jurisdição constitucional brasileira operacionalizou esse conceito nas disposições em que promove a abertura do processo constitucional à efetiva participação social. Com base nesse aporte, faz-se uma breve avaliação da prática constitucional à luz do conceito de diálogos institucionais, com a indicação de que o potencial crítico da visão de democracia por ele proposto é mais bem aproveitado se houver também maior atenção à cultura pública. Por fim, apontam-se questões empíricas ainda não examinadas como possíveis caminhos para pesquisas futuras. Todo esse trajeto teórico, institucional e reflexivo do presente artigo toma a obra de Roberto Gargarella não só como referência mas também como ponto de partida. Assim, busca-se estabelecer um “diálogo inacabado” com Roberto Gargarella
The use of AI in digital health services and privacy regulation in GDPR and LGPD: between revolution and (dis)respect
Authors: Fornasier Mateus de Oliveira
Published: January 2025

This article studies the complexity of protecting personal data in the face of the challenges and risks that data collection and processing by AI offer to the fundamental right to privacy. Its hypothesis is that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD) are not sufficient to cover several of the problems that emerge from the capture and treatment of sensitive data by companies that develop devices and services based on AI, although such laws have many important points for the regulation of such activities. Thus, new dialogic understandings, in addition to State regulatory efforts, must be developed. Methodology: hypothetical-deductive procedure method, with a qualitative approach and bibliographic review research technique
Gastronomia e cultura do estado do Paraná: do Barreado à Carne de Onça
Authors: Degáspari Cláudia Helena
Published: January 2025

Este relato procurou demonstrar a importância da valorização da gastronomia sob o ponto de vista socioeconômico e cultural através da descrição histórica e técnica de dois preparos típicos do estado do Paraná elaborados à base de carne bovina: o Barreado e a Carne de Onça. O Barreado foi reconhecido pelo Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial como um produto distinto, recebendo o Selo de Indicação de Procedência - Barreado do Litoral do Paraná, sendo preparado com carne bovina e demais condimentos numa panela selada/barreada com farinha de mandioca, obedecendo uma sequência de elaboração e finalização que envolvem conhecimentos técnicos e culturais diferenciados. Já a Carne de Onça é um prato preparado a partir de carne crua com diversos condimentos e servida numa broa escura de centeio, tendo sido classificado como um dos 10 melhores pratos de carne crua no mundo. Ambos os preparos estão contribuindo para preservação e manutenção da cultura e memória do povo paranaense, bem como permitindo a valorização de produtos simples e genuínos das regiões envolvidas, beneficiando pequenos negócios e produtores, além do segmento turístico.
Impérios, comidas e viagens de pessoas e plantas: entrevista com Cristiana Bastos
Authors: Calado Virgínia Henriques , Moreira Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Cristiana Bastos é antropóloga, presidente da Associação Portuguesa de Antropologia (APA), pesquisadora coordenadora no Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa. Os seus interesses de investigação combinam disciplinas como a Antropologia, História, Estudos sociais sobre a ciência, tecnologia e medicina. A sua pesquisa tem-se centrado em temáticas como as dinâmicas populacionais, mobilidades transnacionais, biopolítica colonial, medicina e império, história social da saúde e do bem-estar, processos de racialização em sociedades de plantação, plantas e plantações.
Perspectivas da cirurgia laparoscópica no manejo ginecológico
Authors: Cantarutti Lorenna da Silva Santos , Barbosa Sérgio de Brito , Silva Clarisse de Sousa , Cafezeiro Júlia Souto , Viana Luilerson Dias , Cossi Vitor Ferrari , Fagundes Raíssa Dias , Regis Júlia Melissa Schmitt , Dias Matheus Teodoro Hollen , Cabral Ana Júlia Marinho , Sarkis Yasmin Silva , Santos Catiana Pinto dos , Moreira Ana Luiza Dias
Published: January 2025

O presente estudo revisou as perspectivas laparoscópicas sobre o manejo ginecológico, utilizando uma abordagem de revisão integrativa. O objetivo foi avaliar e compreender os benefícios, limitações e avanços da cirurgia laparoscópica no tratamento de condições ginecológicas. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Cochrane e Medline, utilizando descritores de ciências da saúde relacionados ao tema, como “Laparoscopy”, “Gynecology” e “Gynecological Surgical Procedures”. Os resultados mostraram que a cirurgia laparoscópica no manejo ginecológico é eficaz, menos invasiva, reduz complicações e acelera a recuperação, mas enfrenta desafios como altos custos iniciais e necessidade de treinamento especializado.
Facilitating the Sacred: The Role of Chaplains in Psychedelic Law and Policy
Authors: Litman Victoria
Published: January 2025

The law and policy surrounding psychedelic substances in the United States is in its infancy.  At the time of writing, two states, Oregon and Colorado, have passed laws that create legal access points for regulated psychedelic substances and do not require a doctor’s recommendation or prescription for access. Several psychedelic substances are also being researched by pharmaceutical companies in the United States within the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) drug approval process. Additionally, there is federally permitted religious and spiritual use for certain psychedelic churches, as other authors in this volume discuss. Whether as a possible medicine at the federal level, a quasi-medicine/recreational substance at the state level or as a sacrament used in a spiritual community, psychedelics are administered in what I describe as a “facilitated use model.” In this model, an individual is given a psychedelic substance in a controlled setting under the supervision of a trained facilitator or clinician. As of now, there are no other models for access to regulated psychedelics in the United States outside of a “facilitated use model.”
AUDIT OF OBSTETRIC REFERRED CASES IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PESHAWAR
Authors: Qadir Maimoona , Akhtar Zubaida , Niat Farzana
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to determine obstetric referral characteristics and their causes.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Gynae B unit, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Jan 1st, 2021 - Dec 31st, 2021. All obstetric cases referred to this hospital in the study period were included. Detailed clinical history, including the age, parity, period of gestation if antenatal, and place of referral, were recorded. A thorough general physical and obstetrical examination was performed, and required investigations were sent. The patient's treatment, including vaginal delivery, cesarean section, and conservative management, was recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22.0.
Results: Total obstetric admissions during the study period were 5,242; total referrals for obstetric indications were 1,678, constituting 32% of all obstetric admissions. 1241 (74%) of cases fall within the age group of 20-30, while 234 (14%) were under 20 years old and 201 (12%) were over 30 years. 588(35%) of patients were prim gravidas, 453(27%) were multi and 335(20%) were grand multigravidas. 56% of patients presented during antenatal, while 604 (36%) arrived intrapartum and 302 (18%) postpartum. The mode of transport used by the referred patients was an ambulance in 369(22%) and private vehicles in 1308(78%) cases. The most common reasons for obstetric referrals were hemorrhagic disorders, accounting for 28%, and hypertensive disorders, which made up 18%.
Conclusion: Complex obstetric cases are referred to our tertiary care facility. A proper referral system is needed for tertiary care-level hospitals. The process of transferring patients between hospitals highlights the importance of teamwork. It is necessary to acknowledge that tertiary care is the only option for high-risk referrals.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF X-RAY KUB IN PATIENTS OF URETERIC COLIC SECONDARY TO URETERIC CALCULI KEEPING CT KUB AS GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Khan Mohsin , Wahid Ghazala , Musammar Maria , Badshah Uzma , Fahim Sahar , Iftikhar Samia
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of X-Ray KUB in patients of ureteric colic secondary to ureteric calculi keeping CT KUB as gold standard.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 1st August 2021 to 1st February 2022 (6 months). A total of 167 patients of both genders with suspected ureteric calculi were included in the study. Each participant of the study underwent KUB radiograph followed by CT KUB. Both X-Ray KUB and CT KUB were interpreted by a single consultant radiologist. The participants received no treatment between the X-Ray KUB and CT KUB except analgesics for pain control.
Results: In this study, age range was 20 to 60 years with mean age of 45.437±5.93 years, X-Ray KUB has shown sensitivity of 74.51%, specificity of 87.9% and diagnostic accuracy of  84%, PPV 73% and NPV 88.7% in diagnosis of ureteric calculi.
Conclusion: Plain KUB radiograph is a non-invasive, readily available and reliable investigation in patients presenting with acute flank pain for diagnosis of ureteric stones.
PREVALENCE OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN NON-PRACTICING FEMALE DOCTORS OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Mazhar Marium , Billia Natasha , Arman Asma , Ahmed Sohail
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in non-practicing female doctors of Pakistan and the factors associated with it.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted at Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College. A self-administered questionnaire with demographic details and questions related to the objectives of the study was used to collect data via online social media platforms, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale were used for screening.
Results: 384 doctors included. Mean (±SD) age of participants was 33.6(7.8) years. Anxiety was more prominent among non-practicing female doctors (prevalence = 73.9%, p-value <0.01). 272 doctors had depression (70.8%, p-value: <0.04).  Chi-square statistic applied for correlation analysis. Both married and lived single participants had high rates of depression. 94.01% completed their house job. A large number of participants (n=186, 48.44%) did not acquire any postgraduate qualification. A significant correlation between the prevalence of anxiety/depression and time lag from medical practice was found (p-value <0.005). The highest prevalence of depression was noted for women who had a break of 5 to 15 years from medical practice (74.22%).
Lack of childcare facilities in the hospital, moving abroad and the heavy working hours were the reported barriers to practice. Arranging childcare facilities in the hospital among other suggestions were proposed by the non-practicing female doctors to overcome this problem.
Conclusion: The alarming rates of anxiety and depression point to the urgent need for potential policy changes to prevent this catastrophe.
YEAR-WISE TRENDS AND ANALYSIS OF MATERNAL MORTALITY IN AN OBSTETRIC UNIT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Akhtar Zubaida , Khan Javeria , Qadir Maimoona , Nazaneen Saira , Samad Ambareen
Published: January 2025

Objective: to review the trends and causes of maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.
Study design: A retrospective observational study.
Place of study: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Khyber Teaching Hospital MTI Peshawar.
Duration of study: 5 years. From 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2023.
Materials and methods: This was a retrospective observational hospital-based study. Mothers who were admitted and died due to pregnancy-related causes were included in the study. Deaths due to accidental causes were excluded from the study. All the relevant information was extracted from the hospital records, labour registers, and maternal mortality register of the ward and was recorded on a pre-designed proforma. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequencies and percentages for different variables.
Results: Total numbers of live births during the study period were 19222 and total numbers of maternal deaths were 61. It gives the maternal mortality ratio of 317 per 100,000 live births. The majority of women (n=37-61%) were in the age groups of 31—40 years. Number of patients with great grand multiparty was 22(36%). All patients were un-booked with no proper ante-natal care received during pregnancy. Common causes of maternal mortality in descending order of frequency were eclampsia, post-partum hemorrhage, and ante-partum hemorrhage, all being preventable causes of death. Direct causes of death were seen in 50(82%) patients while 11 (18%) died due to indirect causes.    
Conclusions: The maternal mortality ratio of 317 per 100,000 live births is quite high. The top 3 causes in our study are all preventable. We all have to work hard to reduce the maternal mortality ratio.
EXPLORING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF EXCESSIVE SCREEN TIME ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF YOUTH OF HYDERABAD, SINDH
Authors: Ansari Shafaq , Memon Roomi , Uddin Syed Farhan , Shah Hanozia , Suhag Ahmed Hussain , Mahnoor Syeda
Published: January 2025

Background: The growing popularity of electronic devices in entertainment and education has encouraged young adults, especially adolescents, to spend more time in front of screens. There are growing incidences of anxiety, depression, and suicidal attempts among them. In 1990, 170 million people were suffering from depression, which rose to 270 million in 2019, accounting for a 64% rise in the prevalence of the disease.
Aims & Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate link between increasing anxiety and depression among young adults and their duration of screen time exposure.
Material & Method: The current study was a survey-based study that was carried out at the Sindh University of Jamshoro from March 2024 to April 2024 (2 months) after obtaining ethical approval from the Physiology Department via latter no Physiol/77. The sample size was 550 participants in the 15- to 19-year-old age group. After written consent, a comprehensive and modified DASS 21 questionnaire was distributed among the participants, who were the students of Sindh University Jamshoro.
Results: The result shows increase in screen time contributes more to the incidence of anxiety and depression (P value 0.02, df: 2, x2 = 7.5), while excessive screen exposure at night is more contributory to anxiety and depression than daytime (df = 2, x2 = 6.9, P value = 0.03).
Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a definite link between excessive screen exposure and an increased ratio of anxiety and depression among adolescents.
EXPLORING THE IMPORTANCE OF DAILY REFLECTION WRITING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Zaib Alia Jehan , Khan Munir Ahmad , Ali Shagufta , Iftikhar Tehreem , Aurangzeb Usama , Maqbool Talha
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to provide insights into the attitudes of medical students towards daily reflection writing and to explore the potential benefits of this practice for personal and professional development. The findings of this study could be used to inform medical education policy and practice, emphasising the need to integrate daily reflection writing into medical curricula.
Methodology: 320 medical students (1st, 2nd, and 3rd year MBBS students) from Kabir Medical College Peshawar were included in the study from January 2023 till March 2023. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Gandhara University. Two pre-tested questionnaires using a Likert scale were used. The questionnaire was self-administered, and content validity was ensured before conducting the research. Demographic information such as age, gender, and academic major was collected from participants. Descriptive and inferential analysis were applied using SPSS version 26.0.
Results: The study found that most medical students positively perceived daily reflection writing. Almost half of the medical students (47.8%) found that writing in their logbooks improved their information retention, while 46.9% noticed positive changes in their learning approach. Additionally, nearly half of the participants (49.1%) reported being satisfied with the experience of daily reflection writing. These results highlight the potential benefits of integrating daily reflection writing in logbooks for medical students.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need to integrate daily reflection writing into medical education curricula to foster critical thinking and self-awareness among medical students.
GENETIC INFLUENCE OF CYP3A4 (rs2740574) GENE POLYMORPHISM ON CARBAMAZEPINE PHARMACOKINETICS IN EPILEPSY PATIENTS FROM KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Jamil Ayesha , Ali Niaz , Faisal Muhammad Saleh , Zaman Gulmakay , Yasmin Abida , Falah Shaikh Fahad
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study examines CYP3A genotypes regulating CYP enzymes, specifically CYP3A4 rs2740574, in Pashtun epilepsy patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study documents the pharmacogenomic effects of this single nucleotide polymorphism on carbamazepine serum levels and dose-adjusted levels. It aims to promote customized medicine by providing insights that could lead to more effective epilepsy treatments for this population.
Methods: CYP3A4 (rs2740574) genotyping was performed on 223 patients using Sanger sequencing. DNA extraction was done by salting out method manually. In subsequent follow ups serum for separated for the detection of serum levels of Carbamazepine through HPLC. Finch TV identified gene polymorphisms, and HPLC examined their effects on plasma CBZ levels.
Results: Both TC (CYP3A4 *1A/*1B) and TT (CYP3A4*1B) genotypes had higher mean doses from the first to the second follow-up, with no statistically significant difference. Carbamazepine  plasma levels increased  by 0.70 ± 2.55 mg/L and  CDR decreased by 0.41 mg/L per mg/kg/day among TT genotype carriers in the 2nd follow up. TT & CT were 96.4% & 3.6% whereas wild CC (CYP3A4 *1A/*1A) genotype was not encountered in the study sample.
Conclusion: Genotypes of the selected gene revealed a statistically insignificant correlation with Carbamazepine pharmacokinetics.
FREQUENCY OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE PRESENTING WITH DIARRHEA AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Iqbal Sahar , Gul Huma , Mujtaba Muhammad , Sherazi Farida , Jehanzeb Sadia , Naz Irum
Published: January 2025

Objective: To find out the frequency of rotavirus infection in children below 2 years of age presenting with diarrhea at Northwest General Hospital, Peshawar.
Methods and material: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of Northwest General Hospital Peshawar from 10th August 2020 to 10th February 2021. By non-probability convenience sampling technique taking a 95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error, and population of 24% the calculated sample size was 281. The data was analyzed by SPSS V 23.0.
Results: A total of 281 cases were analyzed for this study. After analysis, the mean age was calculated as 10.960±3.93 months. The mean weight was 9.253±1.54 Kgs the mean duration of diarrhea was reported as 8.409±1.99 days. 53(18.9%) out of 281 were reported as positive for rotavirus infection. Among 281 only 20 patients which is 7.1% of the sample size got vaccinated against the Rotavirus in our study. Taking the p-value below 0.05 as significant rotavirus infection has shown significance with exclusive breastfeeding and their vaccination history.
Conclusion: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis. The rotavirus has shown a significant relationship between vaccination against rotavirus and exclusive breastfeeding with a p-value of less than 0.05.
Examining the effects of virtual reality travel on tourist happiness and travel intentions using extended stimulus-organism-response theory: the perspective of Chinese tourists
Authors: Qian Zhang  , Zhaoqi Li
Published: January 2025

The purpose of our study was to identify the psychological mechanisms through which VR presence and enjoyment influence travel intentions and explore how elements of different contexts (hedonic and utilitarian values) to influence travel experience satisfaction. We used Credamo to collect our data and used SPSS 28.0, AMOS 28.0, SPSS Process Macro to analyze the data. The results of analysis showed that VR presence and VR enjoyment positively influence travel experience satisfaction, which, in turn, boosts tourist happiness and positively influenced travel intention. Moderating effect indicate that utilitarian values strengthen the relationship between VR presence and travel experience satisfaction and hedonic values strengthen the relationship between VR enjoyment and travel experience satisfaction. In addition, this study potentially reveals the subtle interrelationships between various factors influencing tourists' behaviors. And it offers key insights into tourist psychology in VR-driven destination marketing.
Location of the Digital Neurovascular Bundle in Relation to a Mid-axial Incision Line: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Cutter Brenden , Liakos Brendan , Lara Daniel , Huish Eric , Trzeciak Marc
Published: January 2025

Background
The digital mid-axial incision is commonly used in hand surgery. When correctly placed, the proper digital nerves should lie protected in the volar skin flap. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distance of the digital neurovascular (NV) bundle from a mid-axial incision.

Methods
A standardized mid-axial incision along both sides of each digit was made on five fresh-frozen cadaver hands. The distance from the margin of the incision to the NV bundle was measured at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) levels on radial and ulnar sides. The same protocol was performed at the interphalangeal joint (IP) of each thumb.

Results
A total of 90 measurements were taken on five cadaveric hands. In the fingers, the average distance was 3.96 mm from the mid axial incision, with no measurement less than 2.97 mm. This distance was an average of 6.58 mm in the thumb, with no measurement less than 5.98 mm. The NV bundle on the radial side of the fingers was found to be farther from the mid axial incision than those on the ulnar side. The thumb displayed the opposite relationship, with the ulnar side having larger measurements.

Conclusions
The digital nerves of the fingers and thumb are safe during a mid-axial approach, with a safe zone of approximately 3mm in the fingers and 6mm in the thumb. Knowing these anatomic relationships will aid surgeons in safely approaching the digits while minimizing the risk of NV injury.
A Gray Image Quantum Encryption using GNEQR Representation
Authors: Zemate Achraf Abdelghafour , Sedra Moulay Brahim
Published: January 2025

In the digital era, characterized by extensive online data exchange, information security has become a priority. While traditional encryption methods have proven effective in protecting data transfers, the advent of advanced quantum computing has increased susceptibility to security breaches. Quantum encryption provides a revolutionary solution to this problem by using quantum mechanics principles to establish algorithms that are impermeable to decryption. Using these quantum properties, cryptographic protocols are developed to provide superior security, unlike traditional encryption methods. The image plays an important role in transmitting information in all areas. Therefore, quantum image encryption methods are specifically designed to counter the potential risks posed by quantum computers, which can compromise conventional encryption protocols. This ensures the preservation of data security despite advances in quantum computing technology. In addition, quantum image encryption improves data transmission efficiency by establishing secure communication channels using quantum stats, thereby reducing the need for bandwidth and improving transmission speed. This paper proposes a new method of quantum encryption based on GNEQR representation and the modification of pixel values and positions in an image. After converting the image into a quantum form, we applied an algorithm to modify the values and positions of the pixels using a succession of quantum gates. We concluded this study with a statistical analysis showing the robustness of our quantum image encryption method.
SLC2A14 In Hepatoblastoma Clinical Significance And Potential Roles In Ferroptosis
Authors: Li Wen Bing , Li Jing Xiao , Li Guo Sheng , Feng Gui Yu , Yan Guan Qiang , Gao Xiang , Liu Jun , Zhou Hua Fu
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to investigate the role of SLC2A14 in hepatoblastomaHB,a prevalent pediatric liver tumor.Through RNA-seq analysis of public and in-house datasets,we found SLC2A14 upregulated in HB and linked to ferroptosis.Our analysis revealed SLC2A14s potential as a diagnostic marker and its association with tumor metabolism,suggesting it may be a therapeutic target.The study concludes that SLC2A14s role in HB should be further explored for clinical applications.
Educación física y desarrollo integral: un análisis sistematizado de evidencias educativas
Authors: Montes Mata Karla Juanita , Aguirre Chávez Juan Francisco , Robles Hernández Guadalupe Simanga Ivett , Franco Gallegos Leticia Irene
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este estudio es sistematizar las evidencias científicas sobre la influencia de la educación física en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. Mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se analizaron estudios que examinan la relación entre la educación física y diversos aspectos del desarrollo humano, incluyendo el desarrollo físico, cognitivo, emocional y social. A través de una revisión sistemática, se identificaron beneficios significativos: en el ámbito físico, mejora la aptitud cardiovascular, fuerza muscular, flexibilidad y la coordinación motora; en el cognitivo, favorece el rendimiento académico mediante el aumento del flujo sanguíneo cerebral, aprendizaje y memoria. Además, impacta positivamente en la salud mental al reducir ansiedad y depresión, mejorando autoestima y bienestar emocional. En el desarrollo social, la participación en deportes y actividades grupales fomenta habilidades clave como cooperación, comunicación y liderazgo, esenciales para el trabajo en equipo y la resolución de conflictos. Estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de integrar la educación física de forma holística en el currículo escolar, considerando su impacto más allá de lo físico. No obstante, la revisión identificó limitaciones, especialmente en la heterogeneidad de los métodos de evaluación de los estudios analizados, así como en el sesgo de publicación y la falta de estudios longitudinales. Esto resalta la importancia de investigaciones futuras para adaptar las intervenciones a contextos y poblaciones específicas. En conclusión, la educación física no solo contribuye al bienestar físico, sino que es una herramienta clave para el desarrollo cognitivo, emocional y social, justificando su implementación integral en las escuelas.
Liderazgo Transformacional y Satisfacción Laboral Docente en la Escuela de Educación básica José Ingenieros de la Ciudad de Loja, Periodo Lectivo 2024-2025
Authors: Cajamarca Cango Mónica Elizabeth , Coloma Andrade María de los Ángeles
Published: January 2025

El presente estudio se basó en un método deductivo, con enfoque cuantitativo y alcance descriptivo-correlacional, que se ajustó a la naturaleza del objetivo de investigación el cual fue analizar la relación entre el liderazgo transformacional y la satisfacción laboral docente en la Escuela de Educación Básica José Ingenieros de la ciudad de Loja durante el periodo lectivo 2024-2025. Para este estudio se adaptó y validó un cuestionario estructurado basado en Chalco (2022) y Palma (2021), como instrumento de investigación, mismo que, una vez validado fue aplicado mediante la técnica de encuesta a una muestra intencional de 49 docentes. Los datos obtenidos fueron tabulados y analizados bajo las directrices de la estadística descriptiva, mediante el software SPSS. Respecto a los resultados obtenidos, se logró establecer un nivel “alto” de liderazgo transformacional, especialmente en las dimensiones de “motivación inspiracional” y “estimulación intelectual”. Asimismo, se determinó un nivel “alto” de satisfacción laboral de los docentes en relación al liderazgo transformacional aplicado por los directivos. Por último, se analizó la relación entre las variables de estudio, logrando un coeficiente de correlación de 0,679, es decir una relación “positiva alta”. Los resultados ponen en evidencia que este estilo de liderazgo está estrechamente vinculado a niveles altos de satisfacción laboral docente, lo que contribuye a mejorar el clima organizacional, fomentar la innovación pedagógica y reforzar el compromiso del personal docente con la institución, del mismo modo, respaldan e impulsan la implementación de estrategias de liderazgo transformacional como pilar para mejorar la calidad educativa.
Frequency of Hyponatremia in Children Admitted with Pneumonia
Authors: Mian Sohail Adnan  , Nafeesa Bibi  , Noor Ul Bashar  , Aleena Anees  , Masroor Zahid  , Muhammad Sohaib Khan
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of hyponatremia among children of 2 months to 5 years of age admitted at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, with pneumonia and factors related to it. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric department on 135 children with pneumonia. The level of hyponatremia was determined by the patient’s serum sodium concentration <135mEq/L, moderate 131-134mEq/L, severe 126-130mEq/L, and severe 125mEq/L. The socio-demographic profile of the children, the severity of pneumonia, and data on socio-economic status were obtained. All statistical analyses were done using the statistical package SPSS. Results: In this study, 28% of the children had hyponatremia, 14% mild, 9% moderate, and 5% severe hyponatremia. In general, a higher incidence was reported in severe pneumonia (40%) among children 2-3 years old and low economic status. There were few differences between males and females. Conclusion: A recent study shows that hyponatremia is highly prevalent in childhood pneumonia and that the prevalence is related to illness severity, age, and socio-economic status. More awareness, earlier presentation, and proper management would significantly enhance the outlook.
Maize Germination: Trends and The Impact of Microbial Factors on Growth and Nutrient Uptake
Authors: Muhammad Saleem  , Samia Hassan  , Muhammad Ihsanullah  , Sadia Ibrahim  , Muhammad Naveed Hashim  , Muhammad Imran  , Imran Ali Sani  , Talha Khalid  , Muhammad Usama Uzair  , Ahmad Raza
Published: January 2025

Corn (Zea mays) is essential to global food security, especially in nutrient-poor soils. Interactions with microbes, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), boost nutrient absorption and crop yield. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which microbial communities influence corn germination and development remain poorly understood. This study examined the influence of microbial inoculation on corn germination, nutrient uptake, and productivity to address knowledge gaps in plant-microbe interactions and their relevance to sustainable farming practices. In conjunction with field studies, a controlled experiment was conducted to assess microbial consortia's impact on corn. Seeds were inoculated with PGPR and AMF, and their performance was measured against untreated controls. Nutrient absorption was evaluated through elemental analysis of plant tissues, and growth parameters were recorded across the treatment groups. Statistical evaluation included ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests to verify the significance of the observed differences. The findings revealed a marked improvement in germination rates (93% vs. 78%), nutrient uptake (34% increase in nitrogen, 28% in phosphorus, and 21% in zinc), and yield metrics (22% increase in cob weight and 24% increase in overall yield) in inoculated groups compared to controls. Elevated enzyme activities in the rhizosphere, including phosphatase and nitrogenase activities, supported the observed enhancements. This investigation underscores the potential of microbial consortia as a bioinoculant to enhance corn productivity. These results offer valuable insights for incorporating microbial strategies into sustainable agricultural methods, particularly in nutrient-deficient soils. Subsequent research should focus on exploring diverse microbial communities and their long-term ecological effects.
Role of Microbiology in Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications for Food Safety and Public Health
Authors: Jahangir Khan  , Sadaqat Ali  , Muhammad Usman  , Haseeb Asif  , Maqsood Ahmad  , Syeda Fakhra Waheed  , Umber Rauf  , Muhammad Ali  , Sadia Arif  , Arish Hayat
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a burgeoning worldwide health hazard with profound consequences for public health, food safety, and the efficacy of contemporary treatment. This review examines the significance of microbiology in comprehending, identifying, and addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), emphasizing its effects on the food supply and public health. The main aim of this review is to consolidate existing research on the microbiological mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance (AMR), encompassing genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and biofilm formation, while also investigating the environmental and agricultural factors that intensify the dissemination of resistance. The review thoroughly examines the literature, highlighting significant information gaps, especially regarding the dissemination of AMR across ecosystems and the microbiome's role in resistance. Significant findings underscore the relevance of the One Health paradigm in connecting human, animal, and environmental health, together with the encouraging progress in diagnostic tools and alternative treatments, like bacteriophage therapy. The review highlights the increasing worry regarding antimicrobial-resistant foodborne microorganisms, stressing the necessity for enhanced surveillance and more stringent agricultural controls. The review addresses the constraints of existing research, notably the absence of long-term studies evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship programs and the insufficient comprehension of environmental reservoirs of resistance. The review ultimately offers recommendations for future research, advocating for integrated studies that monitor resistance across human, animal, and environmental sectors and more excellent investigation of innovative therapy strategies. The paper comprehensively analyzes the problems and opportunities in addressing AMR. It offers significant insights for formulating effective strategies to battle this vital worldwide issue.
Perception and Concerns of Undergraduate Medical Students Toward Research: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saira Baloch  , Ayesha Farhat  , Muhammad Riyyan  , Kamal  , Sawaira Sajid  , Manayim Fatima  , Saad Nazir  , Urwat Ullah  , Abdul Hafeez  , Munesh Kumar  , Muhammad Mubashir
Published: January 2025

Background: Research engagement is a critical component of medical education, enhancing clinical knowledge, problem-solving skills, and innovation. Despite its importance, undergraduate medical students often face barriers to research participation, including limited time, inadequate mentorship, and insufficient curriculum integration. Objective: To evaluate the perceptions, awareness, and barriers faced by undergraduate medical students toward research and to identify actionable strategies to improve their engagement. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 70 undergraduate students at Bilawal Medical College, Pakistan, between September and November 2022. Data were collected using a structured, validated questionnaire distributed during lecture sessions. Variables included perceptions of research benefits, career aspirations, awareness of funding agencies, and barriers to participation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with results presented as frequencies, percentages, and associations using chi-square tests. Results: The mean age of participants was 22.52 years (SD = 2.95). Most students (67.1%) believed research was beneficial, and 52.9% recognized its role in clinical knowledge. However, only 24.3% viewed research as a future career option, and 15.7% were aware of funding agencies. Major barriers included lack of motivation and knowledge (51.4%) and curriculum integration (21.4%). Significant associations were found between funding awareness and perceived importance of research (χ² = 6.43, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Medical students value research but face significant barriers, including limited awareness and institutional support. Integrating structured research training and mentorship into the curriculum is essential to foster a research-oriented culture in medical education.