bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Цитотоксичность некоторых ортодонтических адгезивов
Authors: Горлачева Т.В. , Залевская О.С. , Терехова Т.Н.
Published: August 2024

Известно, что композитные материалы, применяемые в стоматологии, в том числе ортодонтические адгезивы, могут оказывать цитотоксичное действие вследствие содержания в них метакрилатов.
Цель исследования. Определить цитотоксичность ортодонтических адгезивов Heliosit orthodontics, Transbond Color Change Adhesive, Greengloo, Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer.
Объекты и методы исследования. Изучена цитотоксичность изучаемых материалов в неполимеризованном, полимеризованном и полимеризованном промытом дистиллированной водой виде на перевиваемой культуре клеток Vero-E6 с использованием инвертированного микроскопа (увеличение 4х). Количественное определение жизнеспособности проводили путем оценки процента неокрашенных (живых) клеток при подсчете на автоматическом счетчике клеток Countess 3FL. Применены методы описательной статистики. Достоверность различий качественных признаков в группах определяли с помощью критерия χ². Обнаружен прирост цитотоксичности материалов после их полимеризации и промывания водой. Различия считали статистически значимыми при p < 0,05.
Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Выявлена средняя и умеренная степень цитоксичности исследуемых материалов. Полимеризация ортодонтических адгезивов и промывание их водой приводят к снижению уровня цитотоксичности исследуемых образцов: ее прирост составил от -26,4 до -40,9 %.
Заключение. Как пациенту, так и медицинскому персоналу необходимо соблюдать меры профилактики цитотоксического воздействия при работе с ортодонтическими композитами.
A Comparison of the Characteristics of Informal Economy between Developing and Developed Countries and the Experience and Reference of China: A Case Study of Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: Lou Xiaofan , An Hongyu , Guo Fengyu
Published: August 2024

As China continues to urbanise, the size of the informal economy in the country is also increasing, creating numerous governance issues. This thesis explores the differences between developing and developed countries by comparing the characteristics of the informal economy in Malaysia and Singapore. A literature study was used to analyze the size and characteristics of the informal economy in the two countries. It is found that despite the commonalities, there are significant differences between the two countries' informal economies in terms of development stages and policy implications. This study provides valuable experience and lessons for the governance of the informal economy in China, emphasising the impact of government policies and socio-cultural factors on the informal economy, and it also provides important insights into the effective governance of the informal economy in developing countries.
STUDY OF MODERN TROPICAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN CONCEPT IN VERTICAL RESIDENCE
Authors: Saliim Alief Muzakkii , Satwikasari Anggana Fitri
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is a country with a wet tropical climate with high rainfall intensity and short dry season. Indonesia is also one of the archipelagic countries which is quite densely populated, this density makes the demand for residential housing increasing every year. The solution to overcome these problems is to create vertical residences, or commonly referred to as flats, apartments, and condominiums. However, with the tropical climate conditions in Indonesia, vertical housing has more challenges in overcoming the problem of residential temperature due to areas that are more exposed to the sun. Therefore, this study aims to examine the quality of the vertical occupancy of Kampung Akuarium Flats against tropical climatic conditions. This research method is carried out by describing the condition of the building against the parameters of a tropical climate-based dwelling. The results of the study show that the design applied has climatic factors and can meet the needs of residential density in Indonesia.
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN WAYS WITH THE ACTIVE LIVING STREET CONCEPT APPROACH
Authors: Arsita Puput Dewi , Jordan Nadia Almira
Published: August 2024

Kampung Pelajar is an educational area that causes travel attractions on the surrounding roads so there is a tendency to experience traffic density during daytime and night. Today the implementation of the government zoning system in education has encouraged equal access to educational services through a student admission system that considers the distance from home to the school. The implementation of this system has an impact on reducing loading on roads that have indications of high density due to student movement during rush hour. Based on initial observations, walking on pedestrian paths tend to be less when compared to vehicle. This phenomenon causes a decrease in the number of pedestrians because the function of the pathway is not optimal. This research aims to evaluate the pedestrian way suitability with the Active Living Street concept, by Mapping analysis with comparative description. The research results showed that based on the examination of four existing segmented routes, the majority of pedestrian way elements are not meet the criteria, such as obstacle, type of pavement, route dimension, signage and road marking, seatings, bollard, and safety barrier.
STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC SPACE IMPLEMENTATION IN WONOREJO SEED GARDEN, SURABAYA
Authors: Firdaus Annisa Izzati , Utomo Heru Prasetiyo
Published: August 2024

Public space is the character and identity of a city. Public Space is a facility that is able to accommodate the interaction of diverse and dynamic urban communities, such as the Wonorejo Nursery which is located in the city of Surabaya. With climate and global warming issues becoming more and more worrisome, sustainable public spaces are very important because they can have a positive impact on urban life as a whole. Therefore, this study aims to examine the principles of sustainable public space that are applied to parks in the city of Surabaya. In this study, the Wonorejo Nursery was chosen as a case study because the Wonorejo Nursery is the largest and busiest park in the East Surabaya area. So the presence of the Wonorejo Nursery has significant implications for the lives of East Surabaya residents. With this significance, the study of the implementation of sustainable public space in this park can provide an overview of the impact of park development on the surrounding environment in terms of sustainability issues. This research is a qualitative research, with a descriptive-analytic type. The results of the analysis show that the Wonorejo nursery implements several elements of sustainable public space, but in some facilities it still requires improvement and development so that it can function optimally.
MULTISENSORY EXPERIENCE IN THE OUTDOOR DESIGN OF TAMAN TRUNOJOYO MALANG
Authors: Sari Komang Ayu Laksmi H , Winarni Sri , Pramitasari Putri Herlia , Biladt Heickal Muhammad Aqil
Published: August 2024

The user's sensory experience of an architecture evokes his emotions. The sensory system is not only limited to the visual aspect, but of course other senses. Human perception is basically multisensory, so that the individual will easily explain experiences through previous environmental interactions. This research was conducted to examine the user's multisensory experience at Taman Trunojoyo regarding the architectural space elements. The method used is descriptive qualitative, data collection using literature study and observation. This study divides the four areas studied and analyzes the architectural elements in terms of visual, haptic, auditory, olfactory and basic orientation aspects. In addition, the application of the parameters of the movement plane, guiding plane and resting plane were also analyzed in each area. The results of this study indicate that Trunojoyo park is not limited to a park that can only be enjoyed visually, but this park provides elements that can provide a multisensory experience to visitors. Such as the facilities of a reflection garden, elements of a fountain and children's playground, and others. However, because of its location in the middle of the city, it causes disturbances such as vehicle noise that enters at several points in the area.
Pengaruh Load Balancing Pada Serangan DDoS Menggunakan Nginx
Authors: Satrya Bhayangkara Dimas , Miftahul Ashari Wahid
Published: August 2024

Serangan DDoS (Distributed Denial Of Service) merupakan salah satu serangan siber yang sering terjadi. Serangan ini dapat membuat suatu server mengalami error. Berbagai metode sudah di lakukan untuk mengatasi serangan ini salah satunya load balancing. Load balancing bertanggung jawab untuk membagi beban kerja ke berbagai server dengan merata. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan load balancing Nginx. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengirimkan request 100000, 300000, 400000, dan 500000. Throughput setelah menggunakan load balancing menunjukan keunggulan dengan rata – rata 9.581 Kb/s dibandingkan dengan tidak menggunakan load balancing. Response time menggunakan load balancing juga lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tidak menggunakan load balancing dengan rata – rata 4507.23 ms. Namun, pada packet loss menunjukan tidak adanya packet loss yaitu 0% setelah menggunakan load balancing dan sebelum menggunakan load balancing. Pengaruh Load balancing pada Nginx dapat mencegah terjadinya serangan DDoS dengan algoritma load balancing yang masih cukup baik untuk digunakan.
Simulation of Monitoring the Automatic Dosing System on the Vending Machine for Wonosobo Coffee Tubruk
Authors: Alfaizi Muhammad Firdaus , Adhie Candra Wahyu , Purnomo Wahyudi
Published: August 2024

This study proposes an IoT-based system to automate and monitor the Wonosobo coffee-making process. The traditional method, involving manual mixing of coffee and sugar, often yields inconsistent results. The new system, accessible via a smartphone app, aims to improve consistency and quality by replacing human intervention with an automatic filling system. It provides real-time updates and alerts users to dosage discrepancies. The end product is a coffee vending machine with a built-in monitoring system, enhancing efficiency and allowing users to oversee the process remotely. This innovation contributes significantly to the automation technology in the coffee industry.
Digital Image Noise Reduction Based on Proposed Smoothing and Sharpening Filters
Authors: M. Weli Mohammed , M. Abdullah Omar
Published: August 2024

In order to reduce noise in digital photographs, this paper provides a thorough analysis of sophisticated sharpness enhancement and image smoothing approaches. The research compares and contrasts different approaches, including well-known filters like Gaussian filter, Mean filter, Weighted Averaging filter, Laplacian filters, and Unsharp mask, with suggested strategies aimed at achieving optimal efficiency. The performance of these techniques is evaluated in several circumstances with speckle noise and Gaussian noise corrupted images. The results show how well the suggested strategy performs in terms of reducing noise, preserving image features, and improving overall image quality. The comparative advantage of the suggested technique over conventional filters is highlighted by comparative analysis. The study's conclusion offers information on the possible uses and future developments of these methods in practical image processing situations.
Rekomendasi Implementasi 11 Kontrol keamanan informasi baru ISO 27001:2022 di Perusahaan HealthTech XYZ
Authors: Bimantoro
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekomendasikan implementasi kontrol annex baru dalam ISO 27001:2022, dengan panduan dari ISO 27002:2022, untuk PT XYZ. Pertanyaan penelitian yang diangkat adalah: (1) Apa kesenjangan yang ada antara kontrol keamanan informasi saat ini di PT XYZ dengan persyaratan ISO 27001:2022? (2) Rekomendasi spesifik apa yang dapat menutup kesenjangan ini? Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan pada Mei 2024 melalui purposive sampling, wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun beberapa kontrol sudah diimplementasikan sebagian, lainnya masih kurang dokumentasi penuh dan SOP. Rekomendasi terperinci diberikan untuk memastikan kepatuhan dengan standar yang diperbarui, menekankan formalitas dalam bentuk SOP. Penelitian ini menawarkan panduan praktis bagi organisasi yang bertransisi ke ISO 27001:2022, meningkatkan kesiapan keamanan siber dan kepatuhan terhadap regulasi perlindungan data yang ketat.
Application of SMOTE Method on Topic Based Question Classification Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Orvalamarva  , Oktariani Nurul Pratiwi  , Faqih Hamami
Published: August 2024

In today's digital era, the utilization of technology in education is essential to support the learning process. This research discusses the classification of junior high school mathematics questions using the Naïve Bayes method. The use of an automated system in question classification helps reduce time and effort in grouping questions based on topics. The Naïve Bayes method was chosen because of its simplicity and ability to process data. The results showed that Naïve Bayes with SMOTE and Math symbols achieved 69% accuracy, while without SMOTE, the accuracy was lower. Cross-validation showed that the classification without symbols attained an accuracy of 89.35%, slightly superior to the classification using symbols, which was 88.79%. This result indicates that Naïve Bayes with SMOTE is more effective. Although the difference in accuracy with or without symbols is slight 0.56%, the performance is relatively equivalent, with an accuracy of 89%.
Ethno-STEM Integrated Project-Based Learning to Improve Students' Creative Thinking Skills
Authors: Babalola Ebenezer Omolafe , Keku Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of integrating Ethno-STEM with project-based learning (PjBL) on enhancing creative thinking skills among secondary school students in Nigeria. Acknowledging the critical role of creativity in STEM education, the research addresses the gap between traditional teaching methods and the need for innovative approaches that foster creative thinking. Traditional STEM education, often characterized by rote memorization, has been criticized for not adequately preparing students to tackle real-world problems innovatively. The incorporation of Ethno-STEM into PjBL represents an avant-garde pedagogical strategy, aimed at bridging cultural knowledge with scientific inquiry, thereby making learning more relevant, engaging, and effective in developing creative problem-solvers. This quasi-experimental study, conducted over four months, involved 84 students divided equally into an experimental group, which experienced the Ethno-STEM integrated PjBL, and a control group, which continued with conventional curriculum. Creative thinking skills were assessed through pretests and posttests, focusing on fluency, flexibility, and originality. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the creative thinking abilities of the experimental group compared to the control group, indicating that the Ethno-STEM integrated PjBL approach effectively enhances students' creative thinking skills. These findings underscore the potential of integrating cultural knowledge and project-based learning in STEM education to nurture innovation and creative problem-solving capabilities among students.
Respons Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Merah Besar (Capsicum annuum L.) Varietas Tanjung-2 Akibat Aplikasi Kombinasi Pupuk NPK dan Pupuk Kandang Kambing pada Tanah Latosol di Kota Bogor
Authors: Erviana Asvia , Laksono Rommy Andhika , Syafi’i Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Hambatan dalam budidaya cabai merah besar diantaranya adalah faktor tanah yang kurang subur sehingga produksi tidak maksimal, maka perlu dilakukan perbaikan tanah dengan cara pemupukan. Pupuk yang digunakan harus mudah didapat dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi dosis pupuk kandang kambing dan pupuk NPK yang memberikan hasil tertinggi tanaman cabai merah besar varietas Tanjung-2 di Kota Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan di Perumahan Kiara Residence, Kelurahan Curug, Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor pada bulan Agustus 2021 sampai Januari 2022. Penelitian  menggunakan  metode eksperimental dengan  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktor Tunggal terdiri atas 10 perlakuan dalam 3 ulangan: A (Tanpa pupuk), B (5ton/ha pukan+250kg/ha NPK), C (10ton/ha pukan+250kg/ha NPK), D (15ton/ha pukan+250kg/ha NPK), E (5ton/ha pukan+500kg/ha NPK), F (10ton/ha pukan+500kg/ha NPK), G (15ton/ha pukan+500kg/ha NPK), H (5ton/ha pukan+750kg/ha NPK), I (10ton/ha pukan+750kg/ha NPK) dan J (15ton/ha pukan+750kg/ha NPK). Hasil penelitian  ini  adalah terdapat pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap rata-rata tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, jumlah buah, bobot per tanaman, bobot per petak dan diameter buah. Pupuk kandang kambing 15ton/ha dan pupuk NPK 750kg/ha mampu  memberikan bobot segar buah tertinggi sebesar 5,30 ton/ha (tiga kali pemanenan).
 
Kata Kunci: Cabai merah besar Varietas Tanjung-2, pupuk kandang kambing, NPK, kombinasi pupuk organik dan anorganik
Potensi Ekstrak Daun Biduri (Calotropis gigantea L.) sebagai Insektisida Nabati pada Kutu Daun Cabai (Aphis gossypii Glover.)
Authors: Adhi Satriyo Restu
Published: August 2024

Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) merupakan serangga polifag yang dapat menyerang berbagai jenis tanaman. Keberadaannya pada tanaman cabai dapat menyebabkan kerugian hasil yang signifikan. Selain itu, kutu daun ini juga berperan sebagai vektor virus yang dapat menyerang tanaman cabai. Pengendalian kutu daun umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan pestisida sintetik, namun penggunaan pestisida ini dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif pada lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Sebagai alternatif, insektisida nabati dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan serangga ini. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai insektisida nabati adalah biduri (Calotropis gigantea Linn.). Ekstrak daun biduri mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, dan lainnya yang memiliki efek racun terhadap kutu daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ekstrak daun biduri pada mortalitas kutu daun cabai. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak biduri yaitu 0%; 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; dan 2%. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode semprot, dan mortalitas kutu daun diamati selama tiga hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mortalitas tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan konsentrasi 2% dengan persentase mortalitas 76,67%. Berdasarkan studi literatur menunjukkan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, glikosida, terpenoid, flavonoid, dan lainnya. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut diduga memiliki efek insektisidal dan dapat mengganggu metabolisme serangga kutu daun. Dengan demikian, ekstrak daun biduri memiliki potensi sebagai insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan kutu daun cabai. Penggunaan insektisida nabati dapat menjadi alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan aman bagi organisme non-target. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memberikan informasi mengenai kandungan metabolit sekunder dalam ekstrak biduri yang berperan dalam mengendalikan hama.
 
Keywords: Cabai, Calotropis gigantea, insektisidal kutu daun, pestisida nabati
Peningkatan Pemahaman Siswa pada Materi Klasifikasi Makhluk Hidup melalui Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw di MTs Negeri 8 Kebumen
Authors: Akbar Arif Hidayat
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research was to determine the application of the Jigsaw type Cooperative Learning model in improving the understanding and learning outcomes of science in the Classification of Living Creatures material for student’s MTs Negeri 8 Kebumen. Researcher used Classroom Action Research (PTK) with descriptive analysis techniques. This analysis was used before and after implementing the Cooperative Learning learning model. The research results showed that in the daily assessment after implementing this learning model, the average student learning outcome was 86.84 with learning completeness of 91.43%. It showed significantly improved results. In conditions before implementing this learning model, the average student learning outcome was 66.75 with learning completeness of 20.00%. It means that the application of the Jigsaw type Cooperative Learning learning model to the Classification of Living Creatures material could improve student learning outcomes in Negeri 8 Kebumen.
Peningkatan Keaktifan Belajar Menulis Teks Deskriptif melalui Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Snowball Throwing bagi Siswa MTs Negeri 8 Kebumen
Authors: Arimurti Surinta
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to find out how much student activity and learning outcomes had increased after implementing the Snowball Throwing type Cooperative Learning model on the material for writing descriptive texts in English subjects at MTs Negeri 8 Kebumen. This research was a type of Classroom Action Research (PTK). The research subjects were 30 students in class VII G of MTs Negeri 8 Kebumen. The sample selection technique used purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this research used observation sheets and tests. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis. The research results showed that the implementation of the snowball throwing type of Cooperative Learning model could be seen as follows: 1) This model was proven to increase student activity. It could be seen from the increase in each cycle, cycle I was 63% and cycle II was 86.7%. 2) Implementation of learning using this model had been proven to improve student learning outcomes. It could be seen in cycle I the number of students who completed their studies was 63%, and cycle II was 87%. Actions were said to be successful if there was an increase in learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II and the percentage of students who achieved the KKM (complete) score had reached at least 80%.
Pendekatan Hermeneutika Negosiatif-Otoritatif Speaking in God's Name: Islamic Law, Authority, and Women Pemikiran Khaled M Abou El Fadl
Authors: Ahmad Nuruddin
Published: August 2024

This study discusses how Khaled Abou El Fadl thinks in interpreting religious texts, namely the Qur'an and Hadith. In this case, it is done to be able to understand a religious text which is done by means of negotiation between the text, the writer, and the reader. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, with library research as the type of this research. The data and data sources were taken from books, journals, and the works of Khaled Abou El Fadl. The documentation method is used as a data collection method, while for data analysis using content analysis. In.this.study, it can.be.seen.the results of Khaled Abou El.Fadl's hermeneutical interpretation of a religious text, namely the Qur'an and Hadith. This can determine the form of interpretation by negotiating between the text (text), author (author), and reader (reader) with a triadic pattern, namely an equilateral triangle, so that all posts have the same portion. Khaled's thought in the interpretation of this text is a renewal to be able to understand the text of the Qur'an and Hadith as the object of this interpretation.
Pengembangan Ular Tangga IPA sebagai Media Pembelajaran pada Materi Pemanasan Global untuk Peserta Didik Kelas VII SMP/MTs
Authors: Irma humairoturrosyidah Irma
Published: August 2024

This research aims to develop Snakes and Ladders Science as a learning medium for Global Warming material for class VII students at MTs Negeri 11 Jombang. This research includes development research using the ADDIE model through the stages of analysis, design, development and evaluation. The result of the development is Snakes and Ladders Science as a learning medium with an average validity value of 85.74% by material experts, 89.28% by media experts, and 94.64% by science teachers at MTs Negeri 11 Jombang. From the three validators, an average validity value of 89.89% was obtained with very valid criteria. This research was motivated by a lack of student interest and interest in learning because the learning methods used by teachers were less innovative and teachers had not utilized appropriate media to make it easier for students to understand the material presented, especially on Global Warming. Students prefer learning while playing. For this reason, it is necessary to develop innovative learning media. The data collection technique in this development research was through a questionnaire distributed to 33 students at MTs Negeri 11 Jombang on February 10 2021. The data obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively.
Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in skin wound healing
Authors: Sun Yunhan , Zhang Shun , Shen Yukai , Lu Haoyang , Zhao Xincan , Wang Xin , Wang Yongkai , Wang Taiping , Liu Bing , Yao Lan , Wen Jie
Published: August 2024

Wound healing is a complicated obstacle, especially for chronic wounds. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes may be a promising cell-free approach for treating skin wound healing. Exosomes can accelerate wound healing by attenuating inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix production and remodeling. However, many issues, such as off-target effects and high degradation of exosomes in wound sites need to be addressed before applying into clinical therapy. Therefore, the bioengineering technology has been introduced to modify exosomes with greater stability and specific therapeutic property. To prolong the function time and the local concentration of exosomes in the wound bed, the use of biomaterials to load exosomes emerges as a promising strategy. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and characteristics of exosomes, the role of exosomes in wound healing, and the therapeutic applications of modified-exosomes in wound healing. The challenges and prospects of exosomes in wound healing are also discussed.
In vivo analysis of ankle joint kinematics and ligament deformation of chronic ankle instability patients during level walking
Authors: Ruan Yaokuan , Wang Shengli , Zhang Nan , Jiang Zhende , Mei Nan , Li Pu , Ren Lei , Qian Zhihui , Chang Fei
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) carries a high risk of progression to talar osteochondral lesions and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It has been clinically hypothesized the progression is associated with abnormal joint motion and ligament elongation, but there is a lack of scientific evidence.

Methods: A total of 12 patients with CAI were assessed during level walking with the use of dynamic biplane radiography (DBR) which can reproduce the in vivo positions of each bone. We evaluated the uninjured and CAI side of the tibiotalar and subtalar joint for three-dimensional kinematics differences. Elongation of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) were also calculated bilaterally.

Results: For patients with CAI, the dorsiflexion of the tibiotalar joint had reduced (21.73° ± 3.90° to 17.21° ± 4.35°), displacement of the talus increased (2.54 ± 0.64 mm to 3.12 ± 0.55 mm), and the inversion of subtalar joint increased (8.09° ± 2.21° to 11.80° ± 3.41°). Mean ATFL elongation was inversely related to mean dorsiflexion angle (CAI: rho = −0.82, P < 0.001; Control: rho = −0.92, P < 0.001), mean ATFL elongation was related to mean anterior translation (CAI: rho = 0.82, P < 0.001; Control: rho = 0.92, P < 0.001), mean CFL elongation was related to mean dorsiflexion angle (CAI: rho = 0.84, P < 0.001; Control: rho = 0.70, P < 0.001), and mean CFL elongation was inversely related to mean anterior translation (CAI: rho = −0.83, P < 0.001; Control: rho = −0.71, P < 0.001). Furthermore, ATFL elongation was significantly (CAI: rho = −0.82, P < 0.001; Control: rho = −0.78, P < 0.001) inversely correlated with CFL elongation.

Discussion: Patients with CAI have significant changes in joint kinematics relative to the contralateral side. Throughout the stance phase of walking, ATFL increases in length during plantarflexion and talar anterior translation whereas the elongation trend of CFL was the opposite. This understanding can inform the development of targeted therapeutic exercises aimed at balancing ligament tension during different phases of gait. The interrelationship between two ligaments is that when one ligament shortens, the other lengthens. The occurrence of CAI didn’t change this trend. Surgeons might consider positioning the ankle in a neutral sagittal plane to ensure optimal outcomes during ATFL and CFL repair.
Biomimetic strategies for the deputization of proteoglycan functions
Authors: Rehan Ibrahim F. , Elnagar Asmaa , Zigo František , Sayed-Ahmed Ahmed , Yamada Shuhei
Published: August 2024

Proteoglycans (PGs), which have glycosaminoglycan chains attached to their protein cores, are essential for maintaining the morphology and function of healthy body tissues. Extracellular PGs perform various functions, classified into the following four categories: i) the modulation of tissue mechanical properties; ii) the regulation and protection of the extracellular matrix; iii) protein sequestration; and iv) the regulation of cell signaling. The depletion of PGs may significantly impair tissue function, encompassing compromised mechanical characteristics and unregulated inflammatory responses. Since PGs play critical roles in the function of healthy tissues and their synthesis is complex, the development of PG mimetic molecules that recapitulate PG functions for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications has attracted the interest of researchers for more than 20 years. These approaches have ranged from semisynthetic graft copolymers to recombinant PG domains produced by cells that have undergone genetic modifications. This review discusses some essential extracellular PG functions and approaches to mimicking these functions.
Pyridylpiperazine-based carbodithioates as urease inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Akash Muhammad , Rana Nehal , Aslam Sana , Ahmad Matloob , Saif Muhammad Jawwad , Asghar Aneeza , Sultan Sadia , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Liaqat Afifa , Zaib Sumera , Zaki Magdi E. A.
Published: August 2024

The urease enzyme is recognized as a valuable therapeutic agent for treating the virulent Helicobacter pylori bacterium because of its pivotal role in aiding the colonization and growth of the bacterium within the gastric mucosa. In order to control the harmful consequences of bacterial infections, urease inhibition presents itself as a promising and effective approach. The current research aimed to synthesize pyridylpiperazine-based carbodithioate derivatives 5a–5n and 7a–7n that could serve as potential drug candidates for preventing bacterial infections through urease inhibition. The synthesized carbodithioate derivatives 5a–5n and 7a–7n were explored to assess their ability to inhibit the urease enzyme after their structural explication by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the in vitro evaluation with thiourea as a standard drug, it was observed that all the synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity compared to the reference drug. Among the compounds tested, 5j (bearing an o-tolyl moiety) emerged as the most effective inhibitor, displaying strong urease inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.16 ± 2.68 μM. This IC50 value is notably lower than that of thiourea (23 ± 0.03 μM), indicating the significantly most potent potential of inhibition. In molecular docking of 5j within the active site of urease, numerous noteworthy interactions were identified.
Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing and targeted metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing pulmonary infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients
Authors: Liu Yong , Wu Wencai , Xiao Yunping , Zou Hongyan , Hao Sijia , Jiang Yanfang
Published: August 2024

Background

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology has been widely used to diagnose various infections. Based on the most common pathogen profiles, targeted mNGS (tNGS) using multiplex PCR has been developed to detect pathogens with predesigned primers in the panel, significantly improving sensitivity and reducing economic burden on patients. However, there are few studies on summarizing pathogen profiles of pulmonary infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in Jilin Province of China on large scale.

Methods

From January 2021 to December 2023, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or sputum samples from 546 immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with suspected community-acquired pneumonia were collected. Pathogen profiles in those patients on whom mNGS was performed were summarized. Additionally, we also evaluated the performance of tNGS in diagnosing pulmonary infections.

Results

Combined with results of mNGS and culture, we found that the most common bacterial pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with high detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium, respectively. For fungal pathogens, Pneumocystis jirovecii was commonly detected in patients, while fungal infections in immunocompetent patients were mainly caused by Candida albicans. Most of viral infections in patients were caused by Human betaherpesvirus 5 and Human gammaherpesvirus 4. It is worth noting that, compared with immunocompetent patients (34.9%, 76/218), more mixed infections were found in immunocompromised patients (37.8%, 14/37). Additionally, taking final comprehensive clinical diagnoses as reference standard, total coincidence rate of BALF tNGS (81.4%, 48/59) was much higher than that of BALF mNGS (40.0%, 112/280).

Conclusions

Our findings supplemented and classified the pathogen profiles of pulmonary infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in Jilin Province of China. Most importantly, our findings can accelerate the development and design of tNGS specifically used for regional pulmonary infections.
Converged ensemble simulations of climate: possible trends in total solar irradiance cannot explain global warming alone
Authors: Drótos Gábor , Herein Mátyás , Haszpra Tímea , Jánosi Imre M.
Published: August 2024

We address the hypothetical question of whether an increasing total solar irradiance (TSI) trend, without anthropogenic contributions, could be sufficient to explain the ongoing global warming. To this end, the intermediate-complexity climate model PlaSim is used. To consider the total internal variability, we present a set of ensemble simulations, with different forcing histories in TSI and CO2 concentration, that have converged sufficiently tightly to the relevant probability distributions to provide a satisfactory bound on any spurious trend possibly arising from a sampling bias; similar bounds on any other unforced contributions to ensemble mean trends are also estimated. A key point is the consideration, among the forcing histories, the steepest increasing trend in TSI that is still consistent with observations according to a recent study; thereby, we essentially revisit corresponding TSI reconstructions, more than 20 years after their last modeling-based evaluation, by improving the analysis through taking care of all possible sources of error or uncertainty and incorporating data that have become available since then. Without any change in CO2 concentration, our TSI trend (i.e., and upper bound on actual TSI trends) is found to be insufficient to produce outcomes compatible with the observational record in global mean surface temperature (GMST) with a nonnegligible probability. We formalize our statement for quantifiers of GMST trends through evaluating their distributions over the ensemble, and we speculate that the hypothesis about the exclusive role of an increasing TSI remains implausible even beyond our particular model setup. At the same time, if we consider a constant TSI, and the observational record in CO2 concentration is applied as forcing, the simulation results and the recorded GMST match well. While we currently need to leave the question of a precise attribution open, we conclude by pointing out that an attribution of the ongoing global warming to an increasing TSI alone could be made plausible only if a bias in the set of land-based instrumental temperature measurements were increasing more rapidly than commonly estimated; an assessment of the latter possibility is out of the scope of our study, as well as addressing solar forcing mechanisms beyond the effect of TSI.
Multifactor-coupled study on freeze-thaw forces of rocks in cold regions
Authors: Zhao Yonghui , Hu Kun , Han Deming , Lang Yongxian , Zhang Lin
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the mechanical properties of steep and rocky slopes subjected to long-term freeze-thaw actions. Considering the unique climatic conditions in cold regions, especially the significant impact of seasonal and diurnal temperature variations on slope excavation, the research focuses on a high-cold region iron ore mine. Four types of rocks commonly found in the mining area are thoroughly examined, taking into account the hydrogeological conditions of the mining area. The study systematically analyzes the mechanisms of various factors such as weathering, freeze-thaw cycles, and ice-water phase changes on the stability of cold region fractured rock masses. The research reveals that under prolonged freeze-thaw actions, crack water within the rock continuously undergoes ice-water phase changes, generating substantial freeze expansion forces that result in structural damage to the rock mass. This damage is evident not only in the development of existing microcracks but also leads to the generation of new fractures, ultimately causing deterioration in the rock mass structure. The study of the evolution patterns of freeze-thaw forces contributes to a better understanding of slope stability issues in cold region mineral resource extraction, offering crucial insights for the design, construction, and operation of related engineering projects.
Finding alternative community-based learning delivery for parenting skills during COVID-19 for mothers with children aged 0–3 Years
Authors: Pandia Weny Savitry S. , Suwartono Christiany , Hestyanti Yohana Ratrin , Tanuwijaya Kartika Anggita , Abraham Natasha Sheir , Henry Eddy , Herarti Fitriana , Irwanto
Published: August 2024

Parenting training has been considered crucial to improving child development. The Tanoto Foundation's parenting program intervention was started in 2021 when the COVID-19 pandemic impacted government policies in Indonesia. Preventive measures that limit mobility affect the sustainability of face-to-face parenting interventions. The study aimed to explore alternative intervention methods, such as face-to-face, blended, online with facilitators, and self-learning, for parenting skills learning during emergencies. A 1-year non-randomized quasi-field experiment using a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach was conducted to 762 participants. SIGAP Q, the HOME Inventory, and CREDI were used for quantitative measurements, while interviews and focused group discussions (FGDs) provided qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed using multiway ANOVA, and the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found that all intervention modalities delivered positive outcomes. In contrast, face-to-face delivered the largest gain, followed by online with facilitators, blended learning, and online self-learning (a web-based learning management system). As an alternative, online with facilitators is the best for delivering parenting materials, followed by online self-learning (independent) modes of intervention. Blended and online models provide alternative models in emergency contexts. Implications are discussed in this article.
Research on standardization of power transformer monitoring and early warning based on multi-source data
Authors: Wenhua Wang , Rui Cui , Yu Chen , Xu Zhao , Yongbing Xue
Published: August 2024

To meet the growing demand for integrated monitoring of complex power grid equipment, it is necessary to improve the situational awareness model of power transformers. The model is expected to assist monitoring personnel in timely identifying transformers with deteriorating trends among massive and discrete monitoring information, and to make responses in advance. However, the current transformer state awareness technology generally has the problem of single data source and poor timeliness, and still requires monitoring personnel to make artificial analysis and prediction in combination with telemetry information, which cannot fully meet the requirements of power grid equipment monitoring. This paper is based on multi-source data fusion technology, through associating and mining transformer alarm information, equipment maintenance records and power transmission and transformation online monitoring data, to extract the dimension features of transformer operation situation assessment. By constructing a multi-layer perceptron model, a transformer state transition model based on the principle of Markov chain is established, which can predict possible defects 2 h in advance and achieve good results, and determine the transformer state early warning index, providing sufficient time for monitoring personnel to deploy transformer operation and maintenance work in advance. Finally, the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper is proved by the case of transformer crisis state in a city substation, and the method proposed in this paper has important significance for transformer state early warning.
Soil conservation and water conservation services and trade-offs following the land consolidation project: a case study of Yan’an city, China
Authors: Jing Wang , Yang Zhang , Longfei Xia , Jianfeng Li , Huan He , Siqi Liu
Published: August 2024

The Loess Plateau is an important region for soil and water conservation and ecological construction in China. Exploring the spatio-temporal variations in soil conservation and water conservation services and their relationships in Loess Plateau under the background of land consolidation projects is of great significance for ecological protection and quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Taking Yan’an city as the research area, this paper used the InVEST model to quantitatively evaluated spatio-temporal variation characteristics and trade-off/synergy relationship of the soil conservation and water conservation services from 2010 to 2018. According to the implementation data, the relationship between the gully control and land consolidation (GCLC) project in various counties of Yan’an city and soil conservation and water conservation service was analyzed. The results showed that the total amount of soil conservation services in Yan’an City were 4.07 × 106 t and 3.75 × 106 t in 2010 and 2018 with a decrease of 7.76%, and with low spatial clustering characteristic. The total amount of water conservation services were 2.01 × 1010 mm and 2.03 × 1010 mm in 2010 and 2018 with a increase of 0.56%, and with high spatial clustering characteristic. There is a synergistic relationship between soil conservation and water conservation services in most area of Yan’an city. From 2010 to 2018, the effect of the GCLC projects on soil conservation and water conservation services in Yan’an city is not significant. The GCLC project can effectively alleviate the situation of sharp decline of cultivated land area and insufficient food production capacity.
Cost reduction for upscaling voluntary sustainability standards: the case of independent oil palm smallholders in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Silvia , Pasaribu Katryn , Busch Jonah , Dwiyastuti Arie , Martanila Heni , Retnani Dyah , Fajri Dwiki Mirjan , Hukom Venticia
Published: August 2024

Upscaling Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) can generate ecological and social benefits at a scale that is meaningful to address pressing environmental issues such as climate change and biodiversity losses. Lack of resources and risks of implementation gaps may, however, hinder the success of upscaling VSS. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature regarding options to reduce certification costs to upscale VSS amid the limited financial resources available for certification. The paper presents the result of action research involving 3,507 independent oil palm farmers who are members of six farmer groups in two districts in Central Kalimantan to achieve Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification. The research found that achieving economies of scale by increasing the total number of certified farmers can reduce the certification costs per farmer. By establishing a district-level entity, the costs related to audits, RSPO membership fees, and the establishment of farmer groups, such as developing standard operating procedures (SOPs), can be lowered. Implementation gaps were not found with the increase of farmers joining the project based on the training frequency and the external audit findings reports on farmers' compliance with RSPO principles and criteria. The findings of this study provide a basis for promoting the upscaling of VSS, including through the RSPO jurisdictional approach.
Genetic testing and human leukocyte antigen in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and connective tissue diseases
Authors: Hiraya Daigo , Murakoshi Nobuyuki , Igarashi Miyako , Xu DongZhu , Ishizu Tomoko
Published: August 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by myocardial hypertrophy, often due to mutations in cardiac sarcomere protein genes such as beta-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) and myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3). However, a significant proportion of HCM cases lack identified genetic mutations, and genotype-phenotype correlations remain unclear. Concurrently, potential associations between HCM and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types, as well as connective tissue diseases, have been proposed. In this single-center study, we aimed to investigate the genetic and HLA profiles of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and connective tissue diseases, particularly focusing on the prevalence of genetic variants and HLA types. We conducted a detailed analysis of five patients with HOCM and connective tissue diseases and sarcoidosis, identifying rare variants in causative genes for HCM in two cases and observing specific HLA types that were relatively common. Notably, 15% of all HOCM cases presented with connective tissue diseases, mainly rheumatoid arthritis. These findings underscore the complexity of HCM etiology and suggest potential implications for both diagnostic strategies and therapeutic approaches in patients with concomitant inflammatory conditions.