bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Влияние плазмохимической модификации поверхности на электронный транспорт и работу выхода в кремниевых кристаллах
Authors: Яфаров Р.К.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe regularities governing the surface modification of silicon crystals during microwave-plasma microprocessing in different chemically active gaseous media are investigated. This modification is shown to be caused by the formation of built-in surface potentials, which, depending on the semiconductor electrical-conductivity type, differently affect the field-emission properties and surface electron transport in devices based on them.
Нерезонансное обращение волнового фронта света на поверхности пленок GaN при большой мощности оптического возбуждения
Authors: Грузинцев А.Н. , Редькин А.Н.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe possibility of the nonresonance phase conjugation of light in an excited semiconductor medium is shown theoretically and experimentally. In epitaxial GaN films pumped with a nitrogen laser at room temperature, the induced phase conjugation of light in the visible and infrared spectral regions is detected for the first time. The dependences of the phase-conjugation signal intensity on the photon energy and laser-pumping intensity are studied. An interpretation of the effect as a result of the absorption and refraction of light at laser-induced free charge carriers in the semiconductor medium is proposed.
Влияние условий кристаллизации на спектральные характеристики тонких пленок тетрафенилпорфирина
Authors: Елистратова М.А. , Захарова И.Б. , Ли Г.В. , Дубровин Р.М. , Сресели О.М.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe goal of this work is to study the processes of self-organization in tetraphenylporphyrin (H_2TPP) films made by condensation under various conditions. Experimental studies of the spectral characteristics of H_2TPP thin films obtained by the liquid method from a H_2TPP toluene solution and by vacuum deposition on different substrates are carried out. It is shown that the structure of the H_2TPP samples changes depending on the technique of synthesis on different substrates, which shows itself in changes (“red” shift) in the photoluminescence and absorption spectra. The changes are caused by a different degree of crystallinity depending on the homogeneity of the surface of the substrates and their temperature.
Размерная зависимость упругих свойств нанокристалла аргона
Authors: Магомедов М.Н.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe state equation ( P ) and isothermal elastic modulus ( B ) are calculated for argon macro- and nanocrystals at T = 10 K using in the framework the RP(vac)-model of nanocrystal. The isochoric and isobaric (at P = 0) dependences of the Debye temperature (Θ), of the first (γ) and second ( q ) Grüneisen parameters, as well as the specific surface energy (σ), B and B '( P ) = (∂ B /∂ P )_ T , are studied as the functions of size and shape of the nanocrystal. As shown, the isothermally isobaric decrease in nanocrystal size is accompanied by a decrease in functions Θ, q , σ, B and B '( P ) and by an increase in the γ parameter. However, the elastic modulus rises in the case of the isothermally isochoric decrease in the nanocrystal size. When the nanocrystal deviates from its most energetically optimal shape (a cube for the RP(vac)-model), the size dependences of these functions become more noticeable.
Механизмы роста и структура кластеров 2D-нанонаполнителя в полимерных средах
Authors: Козлов Г.В. , Долбин И.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe estimations made within the fractal analysis have shown that 2D-nanofiller sheets in polymer medium form clusters (tactoids) that are fractal objects. This conclusion is confirmed by means of the irreversible aggregation model. The major factor determining the dimension of these clusters is the dimension of the random walk of initial nanoparticles. The structure of the 2D-nanofiller tactoids definitely determines the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite at the fixed nanofiller content.
Особенности определения модуля упругости сверхориентированных высокопрочных пленочных нитей, полученных вытяжкой ксерогелей сверхвысокомолекулярного полиэтилена
Authors: Бойко Ю.М. , Марихин В.А. , Москалюк О.А. , Мясникова Л.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe influence of the gauge length l _0 of a sample on the modulus E of ultraoriented film filaments of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been elucidated. The filament samples are obtained by a multistage orientation drawing on a contact heater with achieving extremely high draw ratios as large as λ = 120. Precursors were xerogels prepared by the drying of 1.5% UHMWPE gel solutions in decalin. A noticeable gain in “methodical” quantity E from 100 to 230 GPa at l _0 increasing from 10 to 80 mm with a damping behavior has been established. The E ( l _0) dependence is shown to be described via the empirical equation that allows the E value to be predicted as a function of l _0. According to the prediction, a saturation of the true value E with a yield to a plateau at E = 242 GPa occurs at l _0 = 200 mm.
Влияние изовалентного замещения катионов на термические, калорические и магнетокалорические свойства манганитов (La-=SUB=-1-y-=/SUB=-Eu-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-0.7-=/SUB=-Pb-=SUB=-0.3-=/SUB=-MnO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Карташев А.В. , Флёров И.Н. , Горев М.В. , Михашенок Н.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractCrystalline samples of the (La_1 – _ y Eu_ y )_0.7Pb_0.3MnO_3 ( y = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8) manganite solid solutions have been grown. Temperature dependences of the specific heat, thermal expansion, and high-intensity magnetocaloric effect have been investigated. A comparative analysis of the effect of isovalent cationic substitution on the thermal and caloric parameters of the ferromagnetic phase transition has been made. It has been shown that the growth of the Eu atom concentration leads to a decrease in the phase transition entropy and an increase in the baric coefficient dT / dp . Field and temperature dependences of the magnetocaloric effect have been established. It is demonstrated that, varying the ratio of cations, one can obtain the solid solutions with the maximum magnetocaloric effect value in fields of up to 6 kOe in a temperature range of 90–340 K. Owing to the similar reduced relative cooling powers, the investigated solid solutions can be used as reference solid-state cooling media in designing the cascade cooling systems.
Half-metallic characteristic in the new full-Heusler SrYO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- (Y = Sc, Ti, V and Cr) -=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Nazemi N. , Ahmadian F.
Published: December 2018

AbstractHalf-metallic properties of SrYO_2 (Y = Sc, Ti, V, and Cr) full-Hensler compounds were studied using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method based on density functional theory. The negative formation energies of SrYO_2 (Y = Sc, Ti, V, and Cr) alloys confirmed that they can be synthesized experimentally. Total energy calculations showed that AlCu_2Mn-type structure was the ground state structure in all compounds. In both structures, SrYO_2 (Y = Ti, V, and Cr) alloys were half-metallic ferrromagnets, while SrScO_2 was a non- magnetic metal. The origin of half-metallicity was verified for SrCrO_2. SrYO_2 (Y = Ti, V, and Cr) alloys in both structures were half-metals in a wide range of lattice constants indicating that they are quite robust against hydrostatic strains. The magnetization of SrYO_2 (Y = Ti, V, and Cr) alloys was mainly originated from the 3 d electrons of Y (= Ti, V, and Cr) atoms and followed the Slater–Pauling rule: M _tot = Z _tot – 12. Generally, It is expected that SrYO_2 (Y = Ti, V, and Cr) alloys are promising and interesting candidates in the future spintronic field.
Карты широкополосной квантовой памяти на частотной гребенке атомных линий-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Арсланов Н.М. , Моисеев С.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe influence of the parameters of an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition in the shape of an atomic frequency comb on dispersion effects in the quantum-memory protocol implemented in such an atomic system is investigated. The results allowed maps to be constructed of dispersion and quantum efficiency for implementation of the studied protocol in rare-earth-doped crystals that are promising for creation of a quantum repeater.
Трехмерная люминесцентная томографическая визуализация биотканей-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Рочева В.В. , Савельев А.Г. , Нечаев А.В. , Генералова А.Н. , Семчишен В.А. , Звягин А.В. , Хайдуков Е.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe propose a method for obtaining a fluorescence tomographic image for visualization and diagnosis of tissues of a living organism. The method is based on the excitation of the luminescence of multicolor upconverting nanoparticles localized in the depth of the biological tissue or a phantom imitating it by IR light. By recording the changes in the shape of the spectrum of the intensity of luminescence radiation from luminescent nanoparticles on the surface of the tissue, it is possible to obtain information about the depth of their occurrence. To implement this approach, upconverting nanoparticles were synthesized on the base of β-NaYF_4 crystal matrix doped with rare-earth elements Yb^3+, Er^3+, and Tm^3+. The luminescence spectra of the produced nanoparticles upon excitation at a wavelength of 980 nm contain three narrow bands with maxima at wavelengths 540, 655, and 800 nm.
Безвакуумный метод получения кубического карбида титана в плазме низковольтного дугового разряда постоянного тока
Authors: Пак А.Я.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe results of a study on the production of cubic titanium carbide in direct-current arc discharge plasma initiated in open air are presented. A feature of the method is its implementation without the use of gas or liquid protective media preventing the oxidation of products and initial reagents with air oxygen. According to the X-ray diffraction data, graphite gC, hexagonal titanium α-Ti, and cubic titanium carbide TiC are identified in the composition of the powder product. The TiC particles are represented by objects with a regular characteristic cut and sizes from units to tens of micrometers.
Исследование омических контактов мощных фотоэлектрических преобразователей
Authors: Малевская А.В. , Хвостиков В.П. , Солдатенков Ф.Ю. , Хвостикова О.А. , Власов А.С. , Андреев В.М.
Published: December 2018

AbstractOhmic contacts of power AlGaAs/GaAs-based photovoltaic converters were studied, and a technique for their fabrication was developed. Effect of the doping level of the contact layer on the free-carrier density and the contact resistivity was examined. A technique for fabrication of 2- to 4-μm-thick ohmic contacts with electrochemical deposition of gold layers was studied. The effect of deposition modes on the surface morphology of ohmic contacts and their solidity and conductivity was revealed.
Возникновение множественных сбоев под действием протонов в статических ОЗУ с технологической нормой 90 nm
Authors: Иванов Н.А. , Лобанов О.В. , Пашук В.В. , Прыгунов М.О. , Сизова К.Г.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe occurrence of single-event upsets (SEUs) in 90-nm SRAM integrated circuits irradiated by 1000-MeV protons has been investigated. The experimental data were analyzed and processed, and the results showed the possibility of multiple cell upsets in the integrated circuits studied.
Оперативный контроль коэффициента диффузии в тонких анизотропных пористых материалах
Authors: Беляев В.П. , Мищенко С.В. , Беляев П.С.
Published: December 2018

AbstractA method for nondestructively determining the diffusion coefficient of solvents in thin fibrous material with strongly anisotropic properties is described. The sought-for coefficient is determined in the absence of a real static characteristic of the converter of the diffusant concentration in the solid phase, which substantially increases the productivity of monitoring.
Анализ вынужденных колебаний дробного осциллятора
Authors: Псху А.В. , Рехвиашвили С.Ш.
Published: December 2018

AbstractA model of forced oscillations of an oscillator based on the fractional integro-differential formalism has been considered. It is shown that this model is in good agreement with the classical model of forced oscillations of an oscillator with viscous damping. The parameters of the frequency dependence of stationary oscillations of a fractional oscillator are calculated, and the relationship between the order of fractional derivative in the differential equation of oscillations and the Q factor of the system is determined.
Исследование наносекундного разряда в аргоне при атмосферном давлении с предварительной ионизацией
Authors: Курбанисмаилов В.С. , Омаров О.А. , Рагимханов Г.Б. , Терешонок Д.В.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe influence of initial conditions on specific features of the formation and development of a cathode-directed ionization wave between two flat electrodes in argon at atmospheric pressure was studied at nanosecond time resolution using a high-speed photoelectron monitor and numerical simulations based on the two-dimensional axisymmetric diffusion–drift model.
Особенности ускорения тел миллиграммовой массы в рельсовых электромагнитных ускорителях с внешним импульсным магнитным полем
Authors: Поняев С.А. , Резников Б.И. , Куракин Р.О. , Попов П.А. , Жуков Б.Г.
Published: December 2018

AbstractSolid polycarbonate impactors were accelerated in a channel of electromagnetic railgun to which an external pulsed magnetic field was applied. The channel was filled with air at atmospheric pressure. The dynamics of impactor acceleration in the railgun was calculated. The impactor velocities in the railgun muzzle were measured in two cases. In the first case the railgun and external field system were powered from independent energy sources (scheme 1) and in the second case the railgun and external field circuits were connected in series to a common energy source (scheme 2). It was established that the effective coefficient of rail erosion in a 2-mm caliber channel that takes into account only the eroded mass captured by the plasma piston was 1.5–1.7 mg/C, and the eroded mass involved in the motion was comparable with the impactor mass. It was shown that in scheme 1, when the external field system was switched earlier, the impactor was accelerated at a maximum magnetic induction, and the impactor velocity in the channel muzzle exceeded 6 km/s.
New concept in treatement of lymphedema (Preprint)
Authors: Pereira de Godoy Jose Maria , Guerreiro Godoy Maria De Fátima
Published: December 2018

UNSTRUCTURED

Lymphedema is a health problem that affects millions of people around worldwide. There are, however, a number of barriers that obstruct development in both the prevention and treatment of this disease. One of these barriers is the current concept that splits the management of lymphedema in two phases: treatment (Phase I) and maintenance (Phase 2). The evolution of treatment requires new concepts that address the treatment of lymphedema as a whole. One of these new concepts, reported by Godoy, states that Phase I (treatment) ends when a total or near total reduction in edema is achieved. Phase II (maintenance) aims to keep the losses and keep the limb within the normal or near normal size.
Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection on leukocyte count in rat model of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ulfita Safira Niza , Dharmayanti Agustin Wulan Suci , Yuwono Budi
Published: December 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and become the third cause of death in Indonesia. The most common oral complications occured in DM is periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is the main etiology of periodontitis, one of periodonthopathogen relate to systemic disease. However this theory still controversial, DM and periodontitis have the same pathogenesis, thus are cellular changes. Pg is predicted affect the total leukocytes count in DM. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Pg infection to total leukocytes count in DM rat model. The rat model of DM was obtained by injection of streptozotocin with different dosage for 5 days sequentially then injected by Pg on distobuccal and distopalatal sulcus of the maxillary first molars for 19 days with interval 3 days. The total leukocytes were calculated manually by Neubauer improved cell counting chamber. The results demonstrated that rat model of DM which injected by Pg has the lowest total leukocytes count. Therefore, Pg infection decreased the total leukocytesin DM rat model.
Oral mucositis severity in patient with head and neck cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy
Authors: Traktama Dewi Oktafia , Sufiawati Irna
Published: December 2018

Oral mucositis is an inflammatory process and ulcerative of the oral mucosa due to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The incidence and severity of oral mucositis might be influenced by a variety of risk factors, related to the host and treatment of the cancer. This aim of the case report is to evaluate risk factors that affect the severity of oral mucositis in two patients with nasopharyngeal cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The first case, oral mucositis grade III and oral candidiasis to a 54-year old woman undergoing 16 times radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer stage IV. The second case, oral mucositis grade I and oral candidiasis were found in a 55-year old man suffering from nasopharyngeal cancer stage IV who has been treated 10 times with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Both patients had a similar age range and cancer stage. The differences of severity oral mucositis in both cases were suspected due to the host factors-related that are gender and nutritional status. In addition, intra-oral condition (poor oral hygiene, xerostomia), smoking habits and patient compliance may also affect the severity of oral mucositis in the second case. Treatment factors such as the type, dose and duration of chemotherapy t, might also affect the severity in both cases. Both patients were given chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, nystatin oral suspension, vitamin B12, and folic acid for treating oral mucositis. In conclusion, the understanding of risk factors oral mucositis is deemed necessary to control the severity and to provide an appropriate management to improve the quality of patients’ life.
Kewiralembagaan dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat di Bank Sampah Gemah Ripah, Badegan, Bantul
Authors: Rohmawati Dhina
Published: December 2018

Kajian institutional entrepreneurship, kemudian dialihbahasakan oleh Kusworo (2015) sebagai kewiralembagaan, bukanlah hal baru dalam lingkup ilmu sosial. Sejak pertama dicetuskan oleh Di Maggio pada 1988, ilmuwan sosial yang bergelut dengan studi ini cukup banyak. Sayangnya, semua akademisi tersebut memiliki latar belakang ilmu ekonomi sehingga sasaran kajian lebih banyak diarahkan untuk manajemen organisasi demi mengurangi keterlibatan manusia dan menambah laba. Institutional entrepreneurship kental dengan nuansa ilmu sosial, khususnya dalam pembentukan lembaga dengan tujuan sosial. Kajian ini sesungguhnya mampu mengkerangkai aktivitas-aktivitas inovasi atau penemuan institusi. Aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut selama ini hanya dimaknai sebagai aktivitas sosial yang bersumber dari kepedulian yang harus dilakukan tanpa diteorisasikan. Pengenalan terhadap kajian teoritis akan membuat institutional entrepreneurship dapat dipelajari, dipraktikkan, dan dikembangkan. Tulisan ini adalah rangkuman hasil penelitian yang dilakukan penulis. Bermula dari rasa penasaran akan “gagal”nya beberapa inisiasi pengelolaan sampah, tulisan ini mengambil fokus pada pembentukan Bank Sampah “Gemah Ripah” di Badegan, Bantul, DIY. Penulis kemudian menemukan bahwa terdapat praktik institutional entrepreneurship yang membuat bank sampah di Badegan terbentuk, terlaksana, berkembang, bahkan menjadi inspirasi untuk kegiatan lain. Temuan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa bank sampah adalah program kerja dari organisasi bernama Balai Kerja Kesehatan Lingkungan Berbasis Masyarakat (BKKLBM). Pembentukan organisasi tersebut, termasuk bank sampah, adalah muara dari hubungan aktor dan struktur (eksternalitas yang menaungi aktor) yang terjadi di Badegan. Hubungan dapat terjadi lantaran adanya kapasitas wiralembagawan yang dipenuhi secara kolektif, termasuk oleh pemuda. Hasil dari hubungan aktor-struktur adalah institusi baru yang memiliki tiga elemen yakni fungsi, formasi, dan tujuan. Ketiganya selalu berubah seiring dengan dinamika hubungan aktor-struktur yang terjadi.
Berebut Ruang Publik Sekolah Pasca Orde Baru: Studi Kasus Pertarungan Politik Ideologi di Kerohanian Islam (ROHIS)
Authors: Aidulsyah Fachri
Published: December 2018

The Burgeoning of the Islamic Movements in Indonesia –especially originated from the Middle East- that growing up since authoritarian era have been influencing various institutions in Indonesia, including educational institution in Ex Karesidenan Surakarta region. In this research, I exhibit that Ex-Karesidenan Surakarta region has become a centre of Islamic movement turbulence in Indonesia. Since pre-Independence era, various Islamic ideologies actualize and compete with each other –from traditionalist, modernist, and radical movement- for gaining influence in these regions. This research discusses the implication of contestation among Islamic ideologies in Senior High School that affect the scramble of educational public sphere and interchange cultural symbols in these institutions. This paper attempts to address two main issues; 1) to examine various contestation and hegemony models performed by each of Islamic ideologies for gaining  influence in the public educational sphere –epecially Kerohanian Islam (ROHIS); 2) to explore various political ideologies in each Islamic movement that led to different meanings towards Islam, state, and democracy.
Youth Within Transition: Recent Developments in Education and Employment in Yogyakarta
Authors: Tjahjadi Alexander Michael , Widhyharto Derajad Sulistyo
Published: December 2018

Yogyakarta as a parameter for the development of national education offers potential young and educated human resources. It is hoped that this potential will trigger youth’s productivity to contribute in the demographic bonus and national development. From the perspective of economic growth, Yogyakarta tends to have an increasing trend when compared to that of national economy which tends to decline. However, the increasing trend can become a problem when the educated youth are unproductive and fails to transition from education field to working field. The data of Yogyakarta’s GDRP from 2003 to 2013 shows a dependency on the trading, tourism and services sectors. Optimism towards those three sectors do show a percentage increase, but it is not in sync with the education potential and employment for the youth. There is a transition from young labour who are self- or family-employed into low-rank employees and paid labor. There are at least two effects of this phenomenon. First, the data shows that the number of unemployed youth become stagnant with high school as the highest completed education. This indicates a hindrance for transition among youth from secondary education to higher education. Second, this obstacle prevents youth from moving into a higher income bracket and traps them in below-average wages. In reality, economic growth is still reliant on the services and consumption sectors, thus a transitory approach is needed that can involve the youth not as an object but as a main feature of  Special Region of Yogyakarta is needed.
ALOE VERA ETHANOL EXTRACT AS A THERAPY FOR ALVEOLAR MANDIBLE REGENERATION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-EXPOSED RATS
Authors: Rakhman Latifah Fitriani , Pangestika Octaviana Widya , Fitriani Delvi , Rudhanton Rudhanton , Permatasari Nur
Published: December 2018

Objective: The study examined the effects of Aloe vera ethanol extract on alveolar mandible regeneration in rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: Rats were divided into five groups as follows: Negative control group received no treatment, positive control group received Escherichiacoli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone for 5 days, and Groups P1, P2, and P3 received LPS for 5 days followed by 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg BW A. veraethanol extract, respectively, orally on days 6–12. Alveolar bone tissues were taken and histologically processed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Osteoblast and osteoclast numbers in alveolar tissue were also examined.Results: One-way ANOVA revealed strong relationships between the A. vera ethanol extract dosage and the numbers of osteoblasts (r=0.921, p<0.05)and osteoclasts (r=−0.631, p<0.05) in rats.Conclusion: A. vera ethanol extract appears capable of stimulating alveolar bone regeneration following LPS exposure.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF METHANOL EXTRACTS FROM GARCINIA LATISSIMA MIQ. LEAVES
Authors: Ambarwati Neneng Siti Silfi , Elya Berna , Malik Amarila , Hanafi Muhammad , Omar Hanita
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify fractions with the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and to determineantioxidant activities and establish the chromatographic fractions as candidate antibacterial and antioxidant agents.Methods: Extracts were fractionated using column chromatography, and antibacterial activities were assayed by the analyses of inhibition zones andbioautography, as well as by broth microdilution techniques. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)assay.Results: The strongest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (ATCC 6633) was observed with fractions B and C obtained in this research, witha minimum inhibitory concentration value of 312.5 μg/mL. The effective percentage (EP) value of crude extract at 10 μg/mL was 29.47±2.01%.Fractions C and D had greater EP values than the crude extract, whereas fraction D had the highest scavenging activity against DPPH free radicals(37.73±1.44%) when used at 10 μg/mL. The half effective concentration of the extract was 23.40 μg/mL, whereas that of the most active fraction Dwas 19.38 μg/mL and quercetin as positive control was 3.72 μg/mL.Conclusion: The present data confirm that fractions of methanol extract from Garcinia latissima Miq. leaves possess antibacterial and antioxidantactivities. These observations may facilitate the development of antimicrobial phytomedicines with a wide spectrum of activities and standardizedantioxidant properties.
APPLICATION OF IMIDAZOLE-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS IN MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF TRANS-RESVERATROL FROM GNETUM GNEMON L. SEEDS
Authors: Arrahman Arif , Gahayati Andini , Rizky Dewi , Muslimah Satya , Mun’im Abdul
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three imidazole-based ionic liquids (ILs) in the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) oftrans-resveratrol from Gnetum gnemon seeds.Methods: Trans-resveratrol was quantitatively extracted using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([hmim]Br), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride ([bmim]Cl), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) in a microwave oven. Extraction parameters, including solventconcentration, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time, were optimized using response surface methodology on the basis of the Box–Behnken design.A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine resveratrol content with acetonitrile: water (75:25 v/v) asthe mobile phase. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method.Results: Under optimal conditions, the resveratrol content when extraction was performed using [hmim]Br, [bmim]Cl, and [bmim]BF4 was 0.068,0.059, and 0.038 mg/g dry weight, respectively, and total phenolic content was 0.647, 1.736, and 1.436 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively.Conclusions: IL-based MAE using [hmim]Br provided the highest trans-resveratrol yield from melinjo seeds and can be used as an alternative methodfor this purpose.
ANALYSIS OF DISODIUM 5’-GUANYLATE AND DISODIUM 5’-INOSINATE AS FLAVOR ENHANCER IN FOOD SPICES BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY–DENSITOMETRY
Authors: Dyta Viona Prima , . Harmita , M Baitha Palanggatan
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to obtain an optimum and valid method of analysis to determine the levels of disodium 5’-guanylate (DSG)and disodium 5’-inosinate (DSI) in six samples of spices.Methods: The optimum method was obtained using silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and isopropanol:water:25% ammonia at a ratio of 6:3:1(v/v) as the mobile phase. The developed spots were scanned using a densitometer in absorbance mode at 260 nm. The methods were valid basedon the accuracy criteria (DSG, 99.11–99.96%, and DSI, 98.56–101.05%), precision (DSG, 1.09%, and DSI, 0.49%), and linearity (DSG, r=0.9909, andDSI, r=0.9976).Results: The results showed that the levels of DSG in samples A, B, C, D, E, and F were 0.70%, 0.79%, 0.78%, 0.99%, 1.08%, and 1.08% and those ofDSI were 0.66%, 0.74%, 0.71%, 0.66%, 0.54%, and 0.67%, respectively.Conclusion: The optimum conditions of DSG and DSI for thin-layer chromatography-densitometry were obtained with silica gel 60 F254 as thestationary phase, isopropanol:water:25% ammonia (6:3:1) as the mobile phase, and a maximum wavelength of about 260 nm. Validation resultsindicated that the accuracy of the analytical method for DSG was about 99.11–99.96% with a coefficient variation (precision) of 0.70–1.41%, whilethat for DSI was 98.56–101.05% with a coefficient variation of 0.23–0.75%. The correlation coefficients for the analytical method for DSG and DSIwere 0.9909 and 0.9976, respectively. The results determined that the levels of DSG and DSI in samples A, B, C, D, E, and F were 0.70%/0.60%,0.79%/0.74%, 0.78%/0.71%, 0.99%/0.66%; 1.08%/0.54%, and 1.08%/0.67%, respectively.
CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Natasya Anita , Andrajati Retnosari , Sauriasari Rani
Published: December 2018

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between glycemic control and quality of life (QoL) in people with type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM) and identify that factors that influence glycemic control and QoL.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the general hospital in Depok City from October to December 2017. Respondents wereoutpatients diagnosed with T2DM, receiving routine care at the hospital. Glycemic control was assessed using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels,while QoL was measured using an Indonesian version of the validated 5-level EuroQol 5-Dimensional.Results: Among 108 participants, HbA1c levels were influenced by age, DM disease duration, DM treatment adherence, glycemic control, diet, andphysical activity suitable for patients with DM. The mean QoL value was 0.74±0.23 and the visual analog scale (VAS) score was 65.49±15.96. The QoLvalues of patients with DM were influenced by HbA1c levels, duration of DM, and physical activity, while the VAS score was significantly affected byHbA1c levels and duration of DM.Conclusion: The present study showed that the QoL of T2DM patients was significantly influenced by glycemic control and other factors.
THE MODULATION OF DRUG EFFLUX TRANSPORTER BY CURCUMIN IN MCF7 BREAST CANCER CELLS AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURE OF ENDOXIFEN AND ESTRADIOL
Authors: Hertanto Robby , Bastian Wilson , . Paramita , Louisa Melva
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine whether curcumin (CM) can prevent drug sensitivity of breast cancer (BC) cells when E andβ-E2 are administered together and whether the underlying mechanism involves modulation of drug efflux transporters.Methods: MCF7 BC cells were treated with the vehicle only, E+β-E2, or E+β-E2+CM repeatedly for 8 weeks. Afterward, the cells were harvested,counted, and isolated for total RNA extraction. Total RNA was then processed into cDNA and further processed for the determination of mRNAexpression patterns of drug efflux transporters (P-glycoprotein, BCRP, and MRP1).Results: Decreased sensitivity of BC cells was shown by the increased cell viability of MCF7 cells after 8 weeks. This condition was accompanied withincreased mRNA expression of P-glycoprotein, BCRP, and MRP1 in cells treated with E+β-E2, as compared with the vehicle only. CM, administered incombination with E+β-E2, resulted in decreased cell viability versus E and β-E2 and also decreased in mRNA expression of P-glycoprotein, BCRP, andMRP1.Conclusion: CM partially reversed the sensitivity loss of BC cells to E in the presence of β-E2 by modulating drug efflux transporters.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR DETERMINING METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN DRIED BLOOD SPOTS
Authors: Harahap Yahdiana , Sari Prastiwi Arum , Jatmika Catur
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to develop an analytical method for determining metformin concentrations in human dried blood spots (DBS) usingoptimal chromatographic conditions and DBS preparation methods and validate the analytical methods.Methods: Analysis metformin HCl performed using C-18 columns (250 mm × 4.6 mm) at a column temperature of 40°C with a mobile phase acetonitrilephosphate buffer (40:60% v/v) at pH 7.0 using a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, a photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 234 nm, and atorvastatincalcium as an internal standard. Samples were prepared by protein precipitation with 60% methanol and then drying using nitrogen gas at 60°C for15 min before reconstituting in 200 μL of the mobile phase.Results: Invalidation procedures, the present methods met the acceptance criteria stated in the EMEA Bioanalytical Guideline 2011. The method wasalso linear at the concentration range of 25.0–5000.0 ng/mL (r=0.9997).Conclusion: The developed method for determination of metformin HCl in DBS sample was valid with a concentration range of 25.0–5000.0 ng/mLand can be applied to in vivo studies.
DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION TAKING ANGIOTENSINCONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS IN AN INDONESIAN HOSPITAL
Authors: Sari Santi Purna , Darajat Afi Fauziyah , Nursanti Binar
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the drug interactions associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for treating hypertensionat Karya Bhakti Pratiwi Hospital between July and December 2016.Methods: This was an analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the prescription and medical record data of hospitalized patients treatedwith an ACE inhibitor and one or more other drugs. Data were included by purposive sampling.Results: The final analysis was conducted with 120 prescriptions from 71 patients. We found that ACE inhibitors were associated with 139 potentialinteractions with other drugs in 75 prescriptions (53.96%); of these, 52 were major interactions and 87 were moderate interactions. The Mann–Whitney U-test confirmed that the potential drug interactions were significantly associated with polypharmacy (p<0.05), but the Chi-square testshowed no association with either gender or pathophysiology (p>0.05). Finally, the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed no significant relationship betweenage and potential drug interactions (p>0.05).Conclusion: The final analysis was conducted with 120 prescriptions from 71 patients. We found that ACE inhibitors were associated with 139potential interactions with other drugs in 75 prescriptions (53.96%); of these, 52 were major interactions and 87 were moderate interactions. TheMann–Whitney U-test confirmed that the potential drug interactions were significantly associated with polypharmacy (p<0.05), but the Chi-squaretest showed no association with either gender or pathophysiology (p>0.05). Finally, the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed no significant relationshipbetween age and potential drug interactions (p>0.05).
EFFECTS OF NANOCURCUMIN IN RATS WITH DIABETES INDUCED WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN AND NICOTINAMIDE: MRNA EXPRESSION OF B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
Authors: Ulfa Maryam , Handayani Dyah Suci , Nainggolan Hotlina , Arozal Wawaimuli
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of nanocurcumin on cardiomyopathy, assessed by the expression of B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) mRNA in heart tissue.Methods: Type 2 diabetic rats were induced with streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Nanocurcumin was orally administered (100 mg/kg/day)for 30 days. BNP-45 mRNA expression in the heart tissue was measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction andcalculated using the Livak method.Results: BNP-45 levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats compared with the normal group. Nanocurcumin treatment at a dose of100 mg/kg for 30 days significantly decreased BNP-45 expression levels (p<0.05) compared with diabetic rats without treatment.Conclusion: Nanocurcumin may be beneficial in inhibiting the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing the expression of BNP-45.
EFFICACY OF LOZENGES CONTAINING KEPEL FRUIT (STELECHOCARPUS BURAHOL) EXTRACT FOR CONTROLLING ORAL MALODOR
Authors: Bing Abrijanto Soen , Mun’im Abdul , Rahardjo Anton
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral malodor.Methods: This study used crossover randomized control trial design. Each of the 30 research subjects received all three treatments at differenttimes: Kepel, xylitol, and placebo lozenges. The subjects used lozenges in the morning after breakfast and afternoon after lunch. Examinations of oralmalodor were performed thrice: Immediately after waking up, after breakfast, and after lunch. Measured oral odor variables included organolepticscore and H2S, CH3SH, and (CH3)2S levels.Results: Effect of burahol fruit extract lozenges was comparable to that of xylitol gum in reducing the H2S, CH3SH, and (CH3)2S levels and organolepticscores of the subjects.Conclusion: Lozenges containing burahol fruit extract were effective in controlling oral malodor (halitosis).
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION VERSUS SEPARATE ANTITUBERCULOSIS FORMULATIONS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS: EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY
Authors: Sitepu Rimenda , Ascobat Purwantyastuti , Ekasari Flora , Instiaty Insti
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of fixed dose combination (FDC) versus separate (separate formulation [SF])antituberculosis (TB) formulations in patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB.Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from patient records, which included all newly diagnosed bacteriologically confirmed pulmonaryTB patients treated with first category FDC or SF between January 2014 and January 2017 at the Dr. Esnawan Antariksa Hospital. The efficacy ofthe formulations was determined according to acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum smear conversion at the end of the intensive phase (month 2), after6 months of therapy, and after the extended treatment phase (month 3). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during treatments were recorded as safetyoutcomes. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the differences between the groups.Results: On comparing patients treated with FDC (n=33) and SF (n=30), rates of sputum conversions did not differ significantly after 2 months(83.3% vs. 78.7%, p=0.693) and the intensive phase was extended by 1 month for patients with conversion failures at this time point. One of sevenpatients in the FDC group did not achieve sputum conversion during the extended phase and was recorded as a medication failure. At the end ofcontinuation phase, all other subjects achieved sputum conversion. The overall frequencies of ADRs were not significantly higher in the FDC groupthan that in the SF group (36.4% vs. 23.3%, p=0.260).Conclusion: No differences in effectiveness and safety profiles were identified between first category FDC and separate anti TB formulations.
IMPACT OF A PHARMACIST-LED PATIENT EDUCATION INITIATIVE ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE IN WEST JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Sauriasari Rani , Sakti Ridho Muhammad
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the provision of drug-related information and patient education booklets on the hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) levels of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Kembangan Health Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia, from March to June 2017. A total of30 patients were divided into two equal groups: In addition to routine treatment, patients in the intervention group received drug-related informationand patient education booklet, while those in the control group received no additional intervention. The provision of drug information was throughdirect education as well as through telephone, short messages, and booklet. HbA1c level was measured as a surrogate measure of treatment adherence.HbA1c concentration was measured at baseline and 11 weeks after the intervention.Results: Mean HbA1c level in the intervention group decreased from 8.05±0.91% at week 0 to 6.92±0.47% at week 11 after intervention (p<0.05).Conclusion: In this study, provision of drug information and patient education booklets helped to improve the patient compliance.
IN VIVO ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER-BASED GEL OF MULBERRY ROOT EXTRACT AGAINST ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
Authors: Faizatun Faizatun , Anwar Effionora , Merdiyah Liza Indah
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the in vivo anti-ultraviolet (UV) activity of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) of mulberry extract on six NewZealand rabbits.Methods: Mulberry roots were treated with 96% ethanol using a maceration-ultrasonication method, and the extract was transformed into NLCsusing the solvent evaporation method. The NLC was characterized for particle size and polydispersity index and zeta potential. The morphology ofnanoparticles was examined using transmission electron microscope and subsequently in the NLC-based gel preparation. The gel was evaluated in vivofor anti-UV activity on male rabbits in three treatment groups: Positive control, sample gel, and negative control (exposed to UV light for 6 h). Theanti-UV activity was scored as a skin erythema response using Dermalab®, and the results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitneymethods.Results: The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the NLC were quantified as 203.2 nm, 0.264, and −38.7 mV, respectively. Theviscosity of the gel was 42,500 cps, with pseudoplastic thixotropic flow properties including the spreading ability, particle size 5156.81 mm, andpH 5.92, respectively. The anti-UV activity was determined as 0.22, 1.44, and 2.22 for the positive control, NLC-based gel, and negative control groups,respectively.Conclusion: The anti-UV activity of NLC-based gel of mulberry root extract was very small on areas where erythema had formed and differedsignificantly between the positive and negative control groups (p<0.05).
INHIBITION OF 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE ACTIVITY BY EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA XANTHOCHYMUS MESOCARP AND TOTAL FLAVONOID ASSAY QUANTIFICATION OF THE MOST ACTIVE EXTRACT
Authors: . Megawati , Elya Berna , Puspitasari Nuraini
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of Garcinia xanthochymus mesocarp extracts against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase.Methods: G. xanthochymus mesocarp was macerated sequentially using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Phytochemical screening andquantification of total flavonoids were performed on the most active extract.Results: Based on the tests, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts had inhibitory activities of 12.30±1.098%, 55.63±10.584%, and44.01±1.053%, respectively. The results showed that the ethyl acetate is the most active extract, containing flavonoid, terpenoid, glycoside, andanthraquinone compounds. The amount of total flavonoid contained in ethyl acetate extract was 1.61% or 16.114 mg QE/g toward quercetin.Conclusion: The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of G. xanthochymus have inhibitory actions against HMG-CoA reductase activityin vitro. Further research is still needed to strengthen this finding.
KOJIC ACID PRODUCTION USING MIXED CULTURES OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE AND ASPERGILLUS TAMARII
Authors: Suryadi Herman , Sukarna Dyah Karina Puspita
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to find the optimum kojic acid fermentation conditions using combination cultures of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillustamarii.Methods: Screening of the best mixed cultures was performed using yeast extract medium with 5% (w/v) glucose. Fermentation conditionswere optimized by varying carbon and nitrogen sources, pH of medium, inoculum ratio, and aeration. Aeration was varied using 50 and 100 mLof medium in 100 and 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, respectively. Kojic acid was analyzed using thin-layer chromatography-densitometry and UV-Visspectrophotometry.Results: Kojic acid produced from mixed cultures yielded 0.1396 gg−1, while sole cultures of A. oryzae and A. tamarii yielded 0.0329 gg−1 and0.1001 gg−1, respectively. Of the nine fermentation mediums, the best carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and yeast extract. From the threevariations of pH, pH 3.5 was the optimum pH value. From the three ratios of inoculum concentration, a ratio of 2:3 (A. oryzae:A. tamarii) was the bestratio. Aeration was varied using 50 and 100 mL of medium in 100 and 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, respectively. Aeration of 100 mL medium in 250 mLErlenmeyer flask was selected as the best aeration that produced 6.559 g/L kojic acid.Conclusion: The highest concentration of kojic acid was obtained by mixing cultures of A. oryzae and A. tamarii in a ratio of 2:3, using sucrose andyeast extract as the substrates at pH 3.5 and semiaerobic condition.
SIDE EFFECTS MONITORING OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS
Authors: Sari Santi Purna , Sartika Siti Syarah , Rianti Alfina
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to monitor the side effects in patients who received aminoglycoside antibiotics at the inpatient service ofFatmawati Hospital from March to May 2017.Methods: This was an observational study based on data collected through patient interview, prescribing information, and medical records. Datawere collected on all inpatients treated with aminoglycosides during the study period (total sampling method). The Naranjo algorithm was used toassess the causality of the observed effects.Results: The data from 33 patients were evaluated, among whom 14 (42.4%) developed nephrotoxicity and 5 (15.2%) had ototoxicity. Based on theNaranjo algorithm analysis, the five cases of ototoxicity were categorized as probable drug side effects. No correlation was found between any of theside effects and either age (p=0.726) or sex (p=0.620).Conclusion: In this evaluation of the side effects attributable to aminoglycoside antibiotics in hospitalized patients, nephrotoxicity was the mostcommon, followed by ototoxicity. The latter was deemed probable drug-related side effects based on the Naranjo algorithm. Of the other side effects,twice as many were considered probable as those thought to be possible drug side effects. Neither age nor sex was significantly related to the adverseeffects secondary to gentamicin or amikacin.
MONITORING OF ANTICONVULSANT DRUG SIDE EFFECTS IN OUTPATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY
Authors: Sari Santi Purna , Salma S Natasha Kurnia , Rianti Alfina
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to monitor the side effects of carbamazepine, phenytoin, and valproic acid, and combinations of these drugs in adultpatients with epilepsy, to raise awareness of the importance of drug side effect monitoring in hospitals.Methods: In this prospective study, descriptive data were collected from patients who met the inclusion criteria of complete samples. Primary datawere obtained using questionnaires, secondary data were collected from medical records, and analyses were performed using the Naranjo algorithm.Results: Among the 54 included patients, 38 (70.37%) of them experienced drug side effects, and the most frequently observed side effect occurredin 48.15% of study subjects.Conclusion: No correlation was identified between side effects and age (p=0.903) or gender (p=1.000).