bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EQUILIBRIUM STATES FOR CENTER ISOMETRIES
Authors: Carrasco Pablo D. , Rodriguez-Hertz Federico
Published: June 2023

We develop a geometric method to establish the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states associated to some Hölder potentials for center isometries (as are regular elements of Anosov actions), in particular, the entropy maximizing measure and the SRB measure. A characterization of equilibrium states in terms of their disintegrations along stable and unstable foliations is also given. Finally, we show that the resulting system is isomorphic to a Bernoulli scheme.
Efficacy of herbicides for selective control of an invasive liana, old man’s beard (Clematis vitalba)
Authors: Jarvis-Lowry Brenda , Harrington Kerry C. , Ghanizadeh Hossein , Robertson Alastair W.
Published: June 2023

Old man’s beard is a woody liana that has become an invasive weed in many areas of its introduction, through its vigorous spread and negative impacts on the tree hosts it climbs. Control techniques that improve precision and reduce non-target damage are increasingly preferred for weed control yet have not been compared in published research for use against old man’s beard. Field experiments in New Zealand were conducted to: (i) assess targeted herbicide techniques for control of this weed’s climbing stems when growing among trees and (ii) assess foliar herbicides for control of creeping stems in ruderal sites. For climbing stems, triclopyr in oil was applied around the circumference of woody stems near their base, which was compared with cutting the stems and applying concentrated glyphosate gel (45% ai) to each cut end. Herbicides were applied in autumn directly to individual stem bases of the weed, thereby protecting tree hosts and other non-target vegetation. The basal application of triclopyr to intact stems was highly effective (>95% mortality) with no damage to nearby trees noted. The glyphosate gel applications to cut stems were less effective (56% mortality by 2 yr after treatment). For creeping stems in grass-dominated ruderal sites, selective foliar herbicide sprays had not been previously juxtaposed to compare control of old man’s beard. Three selective sprays that do not damage existing grass cover were applied in autumn at their recommended rates: (i) metsulfuron; (ii) triclopyr; and (iii) a mixture of triclopyr, picloram, and aminopyralid. All herbicide treatments provided effective control, although metsulfuron had a negative effect on grass vigor, which might allow new establishment of old man’s beard seedlings by competitive release. These results provide effective options that reduce non-target damage for control of both climbing and creeping old man’s beard stems.
Ground‐Validation and Error Attribution of Near‐Surface Air Temperature From AIRS in North America
Authors: Gao Shang , Wen Yixin , Fishbein Evan , Lambrigtsen Bjorn , Zhang Jiaqi , Van Dang H. , Galli Chris
Published: June 2023

Accurate estimation of near‐surface air temperature (TsurfAir) at fine spatiotemporal resolution is crucial for environmental applications, data assimilation into land surface models, and climate change studies. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board the Aqua satellite measures TsurfAir twice a day at the global scale. In this study, the AIRS TsurfAir is validated using ground‐based weather stations in North America. Owing to the high density of weather stations, spatial heterogeneity (<1°) of TsurfAir is modeled using semi‐variograms and further used to calculate the validation reference via ordinary kriging at AIRS retrieval footprints. This analysis intends to reveal error characteristics in cold and hot seasons by selecting six months of data in January and July of three years, along with a case study on two extreme events. Furthermore, MODIS‐enabled land surface temperature and land cover are used to attribute the observed error in TsurfAir. Results show an overall warm bias of 0.11 K from AIRS TsurfAir and conditional bias over‐ and underestimating cold and hot temperatures, respectively. Spatial heterogeneity of TsurfAir is found to influence the variance of AIRS TsurfAir error. As a possible source of TsurfAir error, land surface temperatures (Tskin) from AIRS and MODIS are compared. Close match between the two Tskin products indicates a lesser influence of the Tskin difference on TsurfAir error. Overall, the ground validation of AIRS TsurfAir along with the error attribution can facilitate post‐processing of AIRS products and uncertainty analysis for the wide range of applications of AIRS TsurfAir.
The Sensitivity of Belowground Ecosystem to Long‐Term Increased Nitrogen Deposition in a Temperate Grassland: Root Productivity, Microbial Biomass, and Biodiversity
Authors: Cao Jirong , Pang Shuang , Wang Qibing , Williams Mark A. , Jia Xiu , Dun Shasha , Wang Jing , Yang Junjie , Zhang Yunhai , Ruan Weibin , Hu Yecui , Li Linghao , Li Yuncong , Han Xingguo
Published: June 2023

Studies exploring ecosystem vulnerability to nitrogen (N) enrichment have mostly focused on aboveground components of ecosystems. However, the sensitivity of the belowground ecosystem to increasing N deposition remains unclear. We estimated responses of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), soil microbial biomass N (MBN), N mineralization, nitrification, and 16S rRNA gene based bacterial diversity to elevated N inputs. The study was based on a long‐term N deposition experiment with monthly N applications at nine rates ranging from 0 to 50 g N m−2 yr−1 in a temperate grassland. BNPP, MBN, and microbial diversity showed non‐linearities across the N gradient. In both post‐hoc test and regression tree model, the significant decrease of BNPP relative to the control started at the 10 g N m−2 yr−1 rate (the 53% decrease), whereas in Bayesian regression model, the decrease started at the 5 g N m−2 yr−1 rate (the 39% decrease) in year 6. We therefore estimated a critical load range of 5–10 g N m−2 yr−1 for BNPP. Regression tree model, Bayesian regression, and post‐hoc test consistently suggested that the detrimental effects on MBN might occur above ∼10 g N m−2 yr−1 addition rate. Bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of dominant phyla declined when N addition rate exceeded 5 or 10 g N m−2 yr−1. The impacts of N deposition on the root‐microbe system strongly depended on the interannual fluctuation in precipitation. The responses of the sensitive belowground indicators are vital to help minimize the detrimental impacts of anthropogenic N inputs.
550‐Year Climate Periodicity in the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau During the Late Mid‐Holocene: Insights and Implications
Authors: Li Youwei , Fleitmann Dominik , Wang Xiangli , Pérez‐Mejías Carlos , Sha Lijuan , Dong Xiyu , Wang Deyuan , Zhang Rui , Qu Xiaoli , Cheng Hai
Published: June 2023

Significant multi‐centennial climate oscillations have been documented in a number of well‐dated climate records across the Holocene epoch and left various imprints in human cultural history. In this study, we developed speleothem δ13C, δ18O, trace elements, and lamina thickness records from the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau (YGP). Our high‐resolution and precisely dated records show a significant ∼550‐yr cycle as the dominant pattern of regional temperature and vegetation variations between ∼5,870 and ∼3,670 years ago. The phase analyses of the 550‐yr cycles among our speleothem records, other Northern Hemisphere climate records, solar activity index, and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations suggest that this climate cycle has a large spatial extent, and may be causally linked to the AMOC changes through coupled oceanic‐atmospheric processes. Additionally, the first cold phase of the ∼550‐yr cycle in our records coincides with the major cultural development on the YGP at ∼5,500–5,000 years ago, suggesting a critical relationship between climate and prehistorical cultural changes in the region.
Does modulation of tau hyperphosphorylation represent a reasonable therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease? From preclinical studies to the clinical trials
Authors: Basheer Neha , Smolek Tomáš , Hassan Imtaiyaz , Liu Fei , Iqbal Khalid , Zilka Norbert , Novak Petr
Published: June 2023

Protein kinases (PKs) have emerged as one of the most intensively investigated drug targets in current pharmacological research, with indications ranging from oncology to neurodegeneration. Tau protein hyperphosphorylation was the first pathological post-translational modification of tau protein described in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), highlighting the role of PKs in neurodegeneration. The therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs)) and protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) activators in AD has recently been explored in several preclinical and clinical studies with variable outcomes. Where a number of preclinical studies demonstrate a visible reduction in the levels of phospho-tau in transgenic tauopathy models, no reduction in neurofibrillary lesions is observed. Amongst the few PKIs and PP2A activators that progressed to clinical trials, most failed on the efficacy front, with only a few still unconfirmed and potential positive trends. This suggests that robust preclinical and clinical data is needed to unequivocally evaluate their efficacy. To this end, we take a systematic look at the results of preclinical and clinical studies of PKIs and PP2A activators, and the evidence they provide regarding the utility of this approach to evaluate the potential of targeting tau hyperphosphorylation as a disease modifying therapy.
Diagnostic spirometry in COPD is increasing, a comparison of two Swedish cohorts
Authors: Athlin Åsa , Lisspers Karin , Hasselgren Mikael , Ställberg Björn , Janson Christer , Montgomery Scott , Giezeman Maaike , Kisiel Marta , Nager Anna , Sandelowsky Hanna , Arne Mats , Sundh Josefin
Published: June 2023

Spirometry should be used to confirm a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This test is not always performed, leading to possible misdiagnosis. We investigated whether the proportion of patients with diagnostic spirometry has increased over time as well as factors associated with omitted or incorrectly interpreted spirometry. Data from medical reviews and a questionnaire from primary and secondary care patients with a doctors’ diagnosis of COPD between 2004 and 2010 were collected. Data were compared with a COPD cohort diagnosed between 2000 and 2003. Among 703 patients with a first diagnosis of COPD between 2004 and 2010, 88% had a diagnostic spirometry, compared with 59% (p < 0.001) in the previous cohort. Factors associated with not having diagnostic spirometry were current smoking (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.36–3.60), low educational level (OR 1.81; 1.09–3.02) and management in primary care (OR 2.28; 1.02–5.14). The correct interpretation of spirometry results increased (75% vs 82%; p = 0.010). Among patients with a repeated spirometry, 94% had a persistent FEV1/FVC or FEV1/VC ratio <0.70.
Ulam-Hyers stability of tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection model under Atangana-Baleanu fractal-fractional operator
Authors: Selvam Arunachalam , Sabarinathan Sriramulu , Senthil Kumar Beri Venkatachalapathy , Byeon Haewon , Guedri Kamel , Eldin Sayed M. , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Govindan Vediyappan
Published: June 2023

The intention of this work is to study a mathematical model for fractal-fractional tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection under the Atangana-Baleanu fractal-fractional operator. Firstly, we formulate the tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection model by considering the tuberculosis recovery individuals, the COVID-19 recovery individuals, and both disease recovery compartment in the proposed model. The fixed point approach is utilized to explore the existence and uniqueness of the solution in the suggested model. The stability analysis related to solve the Ulam-Hyers stability is also investigated. This paper is based on Lagrange’s interpolation polynomial in the numerical scheme, which is validated through a specific case with a comparative numerical analysis for different values of the fractional and fractal orders.
Behavioral assays reveal mechanisms of supercolony formation in odorous house ants
Authors: Buczkowski Grzegorz , Wang Sihui , Craig Bruce A.
Published: June 2023

The formation of expansive multi-nest and multi-queen supercolonies is perhaps the most important factor responsible for the ecological success of invasive ants. The odorous house ant,Tapinoma sessile, is a widespread ant native to North America.T. sessileis a challenging urban pest, but also serves as an interesting system to study ant social organization and invasion biology. This is due to its remarkable dichotomy in colony social and spatial structure between natural and urban environments. Natural colonies typically consist of a small number of workers, inhabit a single nest, and are monogyne whereas urban colonies show extreme polygyny and polydomy and form large supercolonies. The current study examined the extent to whichT. sessilecolonies from different habitats (natural vs. urban) and social structures (monogynous vs. polygynous) exhibit aggression toward alien conspecifics. Additionally, interactions between mutually aggressive colonies were examined in colony fusion experiments to assess the potential role of colony fusion as a mechanism leading to supercolony formation. Aggression assays demonstrated high levels of aggression in pairings involving workers from different urban colonies and workers from different natural colonies, but low aggression in pairings involving queens from different urban colonies. Colony merging tests demonstrated that urbanT. sessilecolonies are highly aggressive to each other, but capable of fusing under laboratory conditions when competing for limited nesting and food resources. Despite highly aggressive interactions and relatively high worker and queen mortality, all colony pairs merged in 3–5 days. Fusion occurred after most workers died and the survivors merged. This result suggests that the success ofT. sessilein urban areas may be driven, at least in part, by successful colony mergers of unrelated colonies which may be determined by ecological constraints such as seasonal shortages in nest and/or food availability. In summary, two independent factors including the growth of a single colony and/or the merger of multiple colonies may be responsible for the evolution of supercolonies in invasive ants. Both processes may be happening simultaneously and may act synergistically to produce supercolonies.
Machine learning explainability in nasopharyngeal cancer survival using LIME and SHAP
Authors: Alabi Rasheed Omobolaji , Elmusrati Mohammed , Leivo Ilmo , Almangush Alhadi , Mäkitie Antti A.
Published: June 2023

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has a unique histopathology compared with other head and neck cancers. Individual NPC patients may attain different outcomes. This study aims to build a prognostic system by combining a highly accurate machine learning model (ML) model with explainable artificial intelligence to stratify NPC patients into low and high chance of survival groups. Explainability is provided using Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) techniques. A total of 1094 NPC patients were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for model training and internal validation. We combined five different ML algorithms to form a uniquely stacked algorithm. The predictive performance of the stacked algorithm was compared with a state-of-the-art algorithm—extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to stratify the NPC patients into chance of survival groups. We validated our model with temporal validation (n = 547) and geographic external validation (Helsinki University Hospital NPC cohort, n = 60). The developed stacked predictive ML model showed an accuracy of 85.9% while the XGBoost had 84.5% after the training and testing phases. This demonstrated that both XGBoost and the stacked model showed comparable performance. External geographic validation of XGBoost model showed a c-index of 0.74, accuracy of 76.7%, and area under curve of 0.76. The SHAP technique revealed that age of the patient at diagnosis, T-stage, ethnicity, M-stage, marital status, and grade were among the prominent input variables in decreasing order of significance for the overall survival of NPC patients. LIME showed the degree of reliability of the prediction made by the model. In addition, both techniques showed how each feature contributed to the prediction made by the model. LIME and SHAP techniques provided personalized protective and risk factors for each NPC patient and unraveled some novel non-linear relationships between input features and survival chance. The examined ML approach showed the ability to predict the chance of overall survival of NPC patients. This is important for effective treatment planning care and informed clinical decisions. To enhance outcome results, including survival in NPC, ML may aid in planning individualized therapy for this patient population.
A method for parallel microscale protein labeling and precise control over the average degree of labeling (aDoL)
Authors: Ruan Qiaoqiao , Zhao Cheng
Published: June 2023

A widely used approach for protein conjugation is through the lysine residues reacting with NHS- or other active esters. However, it is a challenge to precisely control the degree of labeling (DoL) due to the instability of active ester and variability of reaction efficiencies. Here, we provide a protocol for better control of aDoL using existing Copper-free Click Chemistry reagents. It is a two-step reaction with one purification in between. Briefly, proteins of interest were first activated with azide-NHS. After removing unreacted azide-NHS, the protein-N3 is then reacted with a limited amount of complementary click tag. Our studies have shown the click tag will fully react with the protein-N3 after 24 h’ incubation, and therefore does not require additional purification steps. As such, the aDoL is equal to the input molar ratio of the click tag and the protein. Furthermore, this approach offers a much simpler and more economical way to perform parallel microscale labeling. Once a protein is pre-activated with N3-NHS, any fluorophore or molecule with the complementary click tag can be attached to the protein by mixing the two ingredients. Quantities of the protein used in the click reaction can be at any desired amount. In one example, we labeled an antibody in parallel with 9 different fluorophores using a total of 0.5 mg of antibody. In another example, we labeled Ab with targeted aDoL value from 2 to 8. In a stability comparison study, we have found the conjugated fluorophore using the suggested click protocol stayed attached to the protein longer than with standard NHS-fluorophore labeling.
Predicting the presence of tinnitus using ecological momentary assessments
Authors: Breitmayer Marius , Stach Michael , Kraft Robin , Allgaier Johannes , Reichert Manfred , Schlee Winfried , Probst Thomas , Langguth Berthold , Pryss Rüdiger
Published: June 2023

Mobile applications have gained popularity in healthcare in recent years. These applications are an increasingly important pillar of public health care, as they open up new possibilities for data collection and can lead to new insights into various diseases and disorders thanks to modern data analysis approaches. In this context, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a commonly used research method that aims to assess phenomena with a focus on ecological validity and to help both the user and the researcher observe these phenomena over time. One phenomenon that benefits from this capability is the chronic condition tinnitus. TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) is an EMA-based mobile crowdsensing platform designed to provide more insight into tinnitus by repeatedly assessing various dimensions of tinnitus, including perception (i.e., perceived presence). Because the presence of tinnitus is the dimension that is of great importance to chronic tinnitus patients and changes over time in many tinnitus patients, we seek to predict the presence of tinnitus based on the not directly related dimensions of mood, stress level, arousal, and concentration level that are captured in TYT. In this work, we analyzed a dataset of 45,935 responses to a harmonized EMA questionnaire using different machine learning techniques. In addition, we considered five different subgroups after consultation with clinicians to further validate our results. Finally, we were able to predict the presence of tinnitus with an accuracy of up to 78% and an AUC of up to 85.7%.
DeepBreath—automated detection of respiratory pathology from lung auscultation in 572 pediatric outpatients across 5 countries
Authors: Heitmann Julien , Glangetas Alban , Doenz Jonathan , Dervaux Juliane , Shama Deeksha M. , Garcia Daniel Hinjos , Benissa Mohamed Rida , Cantais Aymeric , Perez Alexandre , Müller Daniel , Chavdarova Tatjana , Ruchonnet-Metrailler Isabelle , Siebert Johan N. , Lacroix Laurence , Jaggi Martin , Gervaix Alain , Hartley Mary-Anne ,   with the Pneumoscope Study Group, Hugon Florence , Fassbind Derrick , Barro Makura , Bediang Georges , Hafidi N. E. L. , Bouskraoui M. , Ba Idrissa
Published: June 2023

The interpretation of lung auscultation is highly subjective and relies on non-specific nomenclature. Computer-aided analysis has the potential to better standardize and automate evaluation. We used 35.9 hours of auscultation audio from 572 pediatric outpatients to developDeepBreath: a deep learning model identifying the audible signatures of acute respiratory illness in children. It comprises a convolutional neural network followed by a logistic regression classifier, aggregating estimates on recordings from eight thoracic sites into a single prediction at the patient-level. Patients were either healthy controls (29%) or had one of three acute respiratory illnesses (71%) including pneumonia, wheezing disorders (bronchitis/asthma), and bronchiolitis). To ensure objective estimates on model generalisability,DeepBreathis trained on patients from two countries (Switzerland, Brazil), and results are reported on an internal 5-fold cross-validation as well as externally validated (extval) on three other countries (Senegal, Cameroon, Morocco).DeepBreathdifferentiated healthy and pathological breathing with an Area Under the Receiver-Operator Characteristic (AUROC) of 0.93 (standard deviation [SD] ± 0.01 on internal validation). Similarly promising results were obtained for pneumonia (AUROC 0.75 ± 0.10), wheezing disorders (AUROC 0.91 ± 0.03), and bronchiolitis (AUROC 0.94 ± 0.02). Extval AUROCs were 0.89, 0.74, 0.74 and 0.87 respectively. All either matched or were significant improvements on a clinical baseline model using age and respiratory rate. Temporal attention showed clear alignment between model prediction and independently annotated respiratory cycles, providing evidence thatDeepBreathextracts physiologically meaningful representations.DeepBreathprovides a framework for interpretable deep learning to identify the objective audio signatures of respiratory pathology.
Deletion of the autism-related gene Chd8 alters activity-dependent transcriptional responses in mouse postmitotic neurons
Authors: Kawamura Atsuki , Nishiyama Masaaki
Published: June 2023

CHD8 encodes chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 and its mutation is a highly penetrant risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). CHD8 serves as a key transcriptional regulator on the basis of its chromatin-remodeling activity and thereby controls the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. However, the function of CHD8 in postmitotic neurons and the adult brain has remained unclear. Here we show that Chd8 homozygous deletion in mouse postmitotic neurons results in downregulation of the expression of neuronal genes as well as alters the expression of activity-dependent genes induced by KCl-mediated neuronal depolarization. Furthermore, homozygous ablation of CHD8 in adult mice was associated with attenuation of activity-dependent transcriptional responses in the hippocampus to kainic acid–induced seizures. Our findings implicate CHD8 in transcriptional regulation in postmitotic neurons and the adult brain, and they suggest that disruption of this function might contribute to ASD pathogenesis associated with CHD8 haploinsufficiency.
Lociq provides a loci-seeking approach for enhanced plasmid subtyping and structural characterization
Authors: Harrison Lucas , Zhao Shaohua , Li Cong , McDermott Patrick F. , Tyson Gregory H. , Strain Errol
Published: June 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring for public health is relying more on whole genome sequencing to characterize and compare resistant strains. This requires new approaches to describe and track AMR that take full advantage of the detailed data provided by genomic technologies. The plasmid-mediated transfer of AMR genes is a primary concern for AMR monitoring because plasmid rearrangement events can integrate new AMR genes into the plasmid backbone or promote hybridization of multiple plasmids. To better monitor plasmid evolution and dissemination, we developed the Lociq subtyping method to classify plasmids by variations in the sequence and arrangement of core plasmid genetic elements. Subtyping with Lociq provides an alpha-numeric nomenclature that can be used to denominate plasmid population diversity and characterize the relevant features of individual plasmids. Here we demonstrate how Lociq generates typing schema to track and characterize the origin, evolution and epidemiology of multidrug resistant plasmids.
What are the lessons from COVID-19 for creating healthy, sustainable, resilient future cities?
Authors: Giles-Corti Billie , Foster Sarah , Lynch Bella , Lowe Melanie
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted lives and the economy, reminding the global community of the devastating health and economic impacts of uncontrolled infectious disease. It has affected how and where people live, work, shop, and play, and exposed our cities’ vulnerabilities, leading to calls for a health lens to be applied in designing, approving, and evaluating city plans. Socioeconomic, spatial and health inequities have been amplified, particularly for those living in inadequate or poorly designed housing, neighbourhoods, and cities. Hence, city mayors have committed to ‘build back better’ with all daily living amenities within a 15-min walking or cycling trip. Designed well, these cities have the potential to be healthier, more sustainable, equitable, and resilient. Yet their delivery requires a rethink of city planning. Drawing on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, we argue that to reduce the risk of future pandemics, we must mitigate climate change, limit urban expansion, and use nature-based solutions to protect natural habitats and biodiversity. We then explore how healthy, sustainable, and resilient 15-minute cities could be planned to reduce emissions and ensure our cities are more resilient in the event of future crises. Given that higher density housing underpins the success of 15-minute cities, we also examine how to create more resilient housing stock, through well-implemented health-supportive apartment design standards. Finally, we argue that to achieve all this, cross-sector leadership and investment will be vital.
Comment on “Which fraction of stone wool fibre surface remains uncoated by binder? A detailed analysis by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy” by Hirth et al., 2021, RSC Adv., 11, 39545, DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06251d
Authors: Okhrimenko Denis V. , Ceccato Marcel , Tougaard Sven , Foss Morten , Pezennec Eric , Solvang Mette
Published: June 2023

A thin organic layer (binder, oil, adventitious carbon) on a stone wool fibre surface is incomplete and inhomogeneous and leaves the bare fibre surface available for dissolution in lung fluid.
Label-free SERS ultrasensitive and universal detection of low back pain fingerprint based on SERS substrate
Authors: Wang Cai , Chen Jixiang , Wu Jingguo , Wan Huiyu , Yue Qianwen , Sun Baoliang , Wang Ying , Xiao Qiang , Sun Jingyi
Published: June 2023

A SERS biosensor, in conjunction with principal component analysis, was used to detect substance changes in the process of fasciitis. Changes in the concentrations of tryptophan, phenylalanine and glycogen were found to be the most obvious in the process of fasciitis.
Sensitive luminescent chemosensing of fluoride based on Eu-doped Zn-LMOF in aqueous media: structural and spectroscopic studies
Authors: Toledo-Jaldín Helen Paola , Pinzón-Vanegas Cristian , León-Gómez Juan Pablo , Blanco Flores Alien , Martínez-Otero Diego , Reyes Domínguez Iván A. , Canseco-González Daniel , Rosales-Vázquez Luis D. , Salomón-Flores María K. , Dorazco-González Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Selective anion sensing/recognition by luminescent compounds able to operate in aqueous media is a central topic of supramolecular analytical chemistry that impacts biological and environmental chemistry.
Strain effects on lithium ion diffusion in various crystal structures
Authors: Liu Bicong , Guo Jiamin , Gu Xiao
Published: June 2023

Electrodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) work in a complex force environment with volume changes during charging and discharging, which greatly affect the electrochemical performance of LIBs.
Oxidation and phase transfer of individual Cr-doped dendritic FeOx particles visualized by full-field nano-XAFS spectroimaging
Authors: Ishiguro Nozomu , Matsui Hirosuke , Wakamatsu Kohei , Suzuki Yoya , Sekizawa Oki , Nitta Kiyofumi , Terada Yasuko , Uruga Tomoya , Tada Mizuki
Published: June 2023

Visualization of propagation in the phase transitions in the FeOx/Cr-Feox particles.
Understanding the mechanism of the energy transfer process from non-plasmonic fluorescence bimetallic nanoparticles to plasmonic gold nanoparticles
Authors: Akhuli Amit , Preeyanka Naupada , Chakraborty Debabrata , Sarkar Moloy
Published: June 2023

Understanding the fundamentals behind the photophysical response of a fluorescing species in the vicinity of plasmonic nanoparticles is of great interest due to the importance of this event in various applications.
Combining second harmonic generation and multiphoton excited photo-luminescence to investigate TiO2 nanoparticle powders
Authors: Jonin Christian , Salmon Estelle , Ahmed Faheem , Kanoun Mohammed Benali , Awada Chawki , Brevet Pierre-Francois
Published: June 2023

Disentangling Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Multiphoton Excited Photoluminescence (MEPL) signals in microscopy experiments is not an easy task.
Benchmarking protein structure predictors to assist machine learning-guided peptide discovery
Authors: Aldas-Bulos Victor Daniel , Plisson Fabien
Published: June 2023

Machine learning models provide an informed and efficient strategy to create novel peptide and protein sequences with the desired profiles.
Crown ether-like discrete clusters for sodium binding and gas adsorption
Authors: Deng Lan , Ma Deng-Hui , Xie Zhen-Lang , Lin Rong-Yan , Zhou Zhao-Hui
Published: June 2023

Hexanuclear molybdenum-based discrete clusters can be regarded as crown ether-like metallacycles. The embedding of different amounts of Na+ results in different sizes of the intrinsic holes. Theoretical calculations give the binding order influenced by Na+/triazole−.
The effect of rare earth (RE3+) ionic radii on transparent lanthanide-tellurite glass-ceramics: correlation between ‘hole-formalism’ and crystallization
Authors: Patra Pritha , Jayanthi K. , Margit Fabian , Keshri Shweta R. , Bysakh Sandip , Biswas Kaushik , Gosvami Nitya Nand , Krishnan N. M. Anoop , Allu Amarnath R. , Annapurna K.
Published: June 2023

Transparent LGTT GCs contain La2Te6O15 and Gd2Te6O15 crystallites. Dopant Ce3+/Pr3+/Nd3+ ions occupy La site of La2Te6O15 phase, transforming GCs opaque. Hole-pairs Eu3+:Tb3+/Sm3+:Dy3+ occupy Gd site in Gd2Te6O15, and retain transparency in GCs.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phenanthridine amide and 1,2,3-triazole analogues against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Nandikolla Adinarayana , Khetmalis Yogesh Mahadu , Venkata Siva Kumar Boddupalli , Chandu Ala , Karan Kumar Banoth , Shetye Gauri , Ma Rui , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Franzblau Scott G. , Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli Venkata Gowri
Published: June 2023

Amongst the Phenanthridine amides and triazoles reported in this work, PA-01 and PT-09 emerged as the most active anti-tubercular agents against Mtb H37Rv strain in MABA and LORA assays.
Emilia sonchifolia leaf extract-mediated green synthesis, characterization, in vitro biological activities, photocatalytic degradation and in vivo Danio rerio embryo toxicity of copper nanoparticles
Authors: Sankara Narayanan Vainath Praveen , Kathirason Sabeena Gabrial , Elango Pushpalakshmi , Subramanian Rajaduraipandian , R Sivagurusundar. , Gurusamy Annadurai
Published: June 2023

Green-synthesised Cu nanoparticles were examined, and investigations were conducted on the photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles for the degradation of methylene blue. The Cu nanoparticles were determined in vitro and in vivo biological activities to be significant.
Comparative investigation of gas sensing performance of liquefied petroleum gas using green reduced graphene oxide-based sensors
Authors: Olorunkosebi Allen Abiodun , Olumurewa Kayode Oladele , Fasakin Oladepo , Adedeji Adetayo Victor , Taleatu Bidini , Olofinjana Bolutife , Eleruja Marcus Adebola
Published: June 2023

Herein, we report the comparative gas sensing performance (at room temperature) of reduced graphene oxide sensors obtained by reducing graphene oxide using extracts of pumpkin leaf, neem leaf and methionine.
Recent advances in the multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles using tetronic acid
Authors: Javahershenas Ramin , Nikzat Sahand
Published: June 2023

Tetronic acid, a versatile synthon, has been extensively investigated by numerous researchers in synthetic chemistry due to its crucial role in synthesizing heterocycles which makes this compound particularly advantageous in both pharmaceutical and biological fields.
Fast-forward on P-type ATPases: recent advances on structure and function
Authors: Stock Charlott , Heger Tomáš , Basse Hansen Sara , Thirup Larsen Sigrid , Habeck Michael , Dieudonné Thibaud , Driller Ronja , Nissen Poul
Published: June 2023

P-type ATPase are present in nearly all organisms. They maintain electrochemical gradients for many solutes, in particular ions, they control membrane lipid asymmetry, and are crucial components of intricate signaling networks. All P-type ATPases share a common topology with a transmembrane and three cytoplasmic domains and their transport cycle follows a general scheme — the Post-Albers-cycle. Recently, P-type ATPase research has been advanced most significantly by the technological advancements in cryo-EM analysis, which has elucidated many new P-type ATPase structures and mechanisms and revealed several new ways of regulation. In this review, we highlight the progress of the field and focus on special features that are present in the five subfamilies. Hence, we outline the new intersubunit transport model of KdpFABC, the ways in which heavy metal pumps have evolved to accommodate various substrates, the strategies Ca2+ pumps utilize to adapt to different environmental needs, the intricate molecular builds of the ion binding sites in Na,K- and H,K-ATPases, the remarkable hexameric assembly of fungal proton pumps, the many ways in which P4-ATPase lipid flippases are regulated, and finally the deorphanization of P5 pumps. Interestingly many of the described features are found in more than one of the five subfamilies, and mixed and matched together to provide optimal function and precise regulation.
Harmonic stability analysis of single‐phase converters in electric multiple units based on an impedance model with harmonic linearization
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Jiawei , Chen Xunjun , Gou Jing , Zhou Heng , Wu Siqi , Liu Zhigang
Published: June 2023

Low‐frequency oscillation, harmonic oscillation and harmonic instability issues in railway vehicle‐grid systems pose challenges to the system stability and safe operation. Previous studies constructed the linear time‐invariant impedance model of vehicle‐grid system, which ignored the internal frequency coupling and loss of model accuracy. To fill this gap, the impedance modelling method based on the harmonic linearisation method of the vehicle‐grid system is proposed. The derived model provides a clear physical insight into the harmonic coupling relations between ac and dc variables and improves the model accuracy. Then, a systematic analysis of harmonic stability in the railway vehicle‐grid system is analysed based on the proposed model. The electrical and control parameters on system stability at the frequencies above and below the fundamental frequency are summarised. The mechanisms of these oscillation issues in railway vehicle‐grid systems are then discussed. Finally, the model accuracy and stability analysis results are verified by the frequency scan method and hardware‐in‐the‐loop results.
Performance analysis of pixelated antennas employing shifted cross‐shaped elements
Authors: Mair Dominik , Renzler Michael , Unterladstaetter Markus , Ussmueller Thomas
Published: June 2023

This article presents a detailed analysis of pixelated antennas employing shifted cross‐shaped elements optimised by evolutionary algorithms. Although, the size and number of the involved pixels, as well as the overall antenna size strongly influence performance of such antennas, detailed investigations on the interplay of geometrical considerations and their influence on parameters such as gain are missing from literature. Thus, the influence of various geometrical parameters on the performance of pixelated antennas for the first time, resulting in valuable design considerations is presented in this study. A maximum cross size could be found, for which an optimisation is viable. Based on this, a dataset consisting of 400 pixelated antennas was created, for different pixel‐ and antenna sizes and investigated certain parameters such as bandwidth and antenna gain. Most notably, a directly proportional dependence from the pixel‐on the antenna size for the optimisation of electrically large antennas was found. For small antennas, this dependency begins to deviate, leading to the fact that smaller pixels are needed to successfully optimise an antenna. Furthermore, the authors find that multi‐objective optimisation is a necessity to optimise matched antennas with a defined bandwidth and gain. The antenna gain shows a dependency on the cross size for electrically small antennas. From these results, design considerations for pixelated antennas can be derived. In addition to the extensive simulations, the dataset was verified in laboratory measurements.
A techno‐economic model for enhancing PV hosting capacity through capabilities of smart inverters and soft open points
Authors: Golnazari Rezvaneh , Hasanzadeh Saeed , Heydarian‐Forushani Ehsan , Sezavar Hamid Reza , Fahimi Navid
Published: June 2023

The hosting capacity of solar photovoltaics (PVs) in the distribution network can be impacted by the violation of power flow constraints such as power loss, voltage, and line loadings. In this paper, a planning structure based on optimal PV placement and optimal operation of the smart inverters and soft open point (SOP) is proposed in order to investigate the loss of power, voltage profiles, line loadings and total operation cost of the distribution system. The stochastic nature of the daily load and PV generation is considered in power flow optimization by the proposed method. Respective objective functions are optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) according to probabilistic power flow. While the desired objective function is optimized, the optimality of the PV locations and contribution of smart inverters and SOP is ensured through GA optimization. The proposed model is investigated through numerical analyses on IEEE 33‐bus and IEEE 69‐bus distribution systems considering different cases of reactive power supports. Developed GA is able to deal with challenges of convergence that are imposed by complex nonlinear formulations. Obtained results prove the superiority of the developed program for the investigation of the PV hosting capacity in both technical and cost aspects.
Leaching resistance study on immobilization of MnO2/HMSS with sorbed simulated nuclide strontium by metakaolin-based geopolymers
Authors: Dai Zhaolong , jiang Wei , Wang Jinsong , Chen Sili , Zhang Zhengke , Wang Junneng , Zheng Jiahao
Published: June 2023

Radioactive waste generated in nuclear energy utilization poses great environmental risks, and the safe disposal technology has become a hot research topic in the field of nuclear environmental security. Immobilization is a common radioactive waste disposal technique, and the leaching resistance of the solidified body is the key to safe disposal. In the study, metakaolin was used as a raw material to solidify strontium, a common nuclide in radioactive waste streams, and then conducted leaching resistance tests. Using control variables, the experiments were used to investigate the effects of adsorption pretreatment prior to solidifying, solidifying with and without the addition of adsorbent on the effect of immobilization. The leaching resistance of the solidified bodies were investigated in three leaching environments: 25℃ deionized water, pH=1 sulfuric acid solution, and 5%wt magnesium sulfate solution during the 42d test cycle. The results showed that both leaching rate and cumulative leaching fraction of the 42d samples for the leaching resistance of radioactive waste immobilization under the environment of deionized water at 25℃. For the three leaching conditions, the adsorption pretreatment with (4:1)MnO2/HMSS before solidifying or the addition of (4:1)MnO2/HMSS while solidifying could effectively improve the leaching resistance of solidified body, and the former was more effective. The results of this study can provide reference for the disposal of strontium-contanining radioactive waste.
Comparison of Spring Forecasting Ability between GY-WRF and GRAPES in Danghe South Mountain
Authors: Shu Hailong , Guo Huichuang , Wang Qian , Li Chaoqun , Song Zhen
Published: June 2023

The Plateau Numerical Weather Forecast System (GY-WRF) was evaluated for its ability to forecast spring weather in Danghe South Mountain. The forecasted temperature, relative humidity, and wind were compared with GRAPES using data from four automatic weather stations in March and April 2022. The results showed that GY-WRF had the smallest mean absolute error (MAE) for each factor at station 4, and a small MAE for temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed at station 2, but a slightly larger MAE for wind direction. GRAPES had a small MAE for wind direction, and a similar trend in wind speed MAE to GY-WRF. GY-WRF was better at predicting the diurnal variation trend of temperature, while GRAPES had a better effect on forecasting the minimum temperature. Both GY-WRF and GRAPES were capable of pre-dicting the trend of wind direction conversion at each station, with GY-WRF being better at predicting the diurnal variation trend of wind speed.
Research on Intensity of Mining Environmental Regulation in Different Regions Based on Entropy Method
Authors: Li Haiting
Published: June 2023

In this paper, six mining environmental regulation intensity indicators are selected to construct mining environmental regulation index system, and the entropy method is used to measure the intensity of mining environmental regulation in different regions from 2008 to 2017. The results show that the regulation intensity of mining environment is on the rise in all four regions, but the regulation intensity of mining environment is in an unbalanced state of high in the east and low in the west. On this basis, some suggestions are put forward to optimize the mining environmental regulation under the consideration of regional balance.
Assessment of the carbon sequestration potential of rice straw converted to biochar in Hainan Province
Authors: Zhang Zhongwen , Mao Zhenxuan , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2023

In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality before 2060, it is of great practical importance to quantify the carbon sequestration potential of rice straw converted into biochar for field return in Hainan Province. Therefore, based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, this study evaluated the carbon sequestration potential of rice straw conversion into biochar, a major component of agriculture in Hainan Province, and discussed the carbon sequestration amount and key factors of rice straw pyrolysis conversion into biochar. The results showed that rice straw in the form of biochar in Hainan Province could achieve a carbon sequestration of 18.27 × 105 t CO2-eq, with a carbon sequestration contribution of 3.4%. This study will provide direction for rice straw utilization and carbon sequestration in Hainan Province.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in urban Jinan, eastern China: Characterization, source identification, and respiratory exposure assessment
Authors: Zhang Houyong , Pan Guang , Tang Houquan , Ge Xuan , Du Mingyue , Li Shengzeng , Wang Zaifeng
Published: June 2023

In order to assess the characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) in the atmosphere of urban Jinan, eastern China, gas phase and PM2.5 were hereby sampled in July 2020. The concentration and composition characteristics of 11 PBDEs were obtained. The Human exposure was evaluated by the daily exposure calculation method. During the observation period, the average concentration of ∑11PBDEs in PM2.5 and gas phase was 214.8±31.3 pg/m3, that of low-PBDEs was 119.1±2.1 pg/m3, and that of BDE209 was 95.8±15.4 pg/m3. Among the 10 low-PBDEs, the highest single content was BDE99, followed by BDE47, accounting for 43%. PCA showed the main sources of PBDEs in the atmosphere of urban Jinan were Penta-BDEs and Deca-BDEs. The daily respiratory exposure of children were higher than that of adults, and the potential risk should be taken seriously.
Agglomeration and dispersion characteristics of particles in simultaneous crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4 in liquid and air phase
Authors: Bian Hengzhi , Dai Min , Liu Xie , Rong Rong , Peng Changsheng
Published: June 2023

Simultaneous crystallization of multiple salt occurs during evaporative crystallization of industrial high-salt wastewater, making it difficult to separate multiple salt components due to agglomeration, thus forming solid waste. To investigate the main stages of simultaneous crystallization agglomeration phenomenon and the possibility of recovering pure components, agglomeration and dispersion of particles in simultaneous crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4 under different crystallization orders in liquid and air phase are investigated in this paper. The results show that crystal agglomeration occurs mainly in the air phase, and the simultaneous crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4 in liquid rarely results in agglomeration, and there are great differences in crystal morphology and size between NaCl and Na2SO4, which can be considered for separation of the two by physical means.