bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deoxygenation of triglycerides by silylation under exceptionally mild conditions
Authors: Gale Cody B. , Brook Michael A.
Published: July 2018

Efficient deoxygenation of lipids using hydrosiloxanes leads to polyunsaturated hydrocarbons.
Catalyst-free sulfenylation of indoles with sulfinic esters in ethanol
Authors: Yang Xiuqin , Bao Yishu , Dai Zonghao , Zhou Qingfa , Yang Fulai
Published: July 2018

A novel catalyst-free method for the synthesis of structurally diverse indole thioethers in moderate to excellent yields.
UniChip enables long-term recirculating unidirectional perfusion with gravity-driven flow for microphysiological systems
Authors: Wang Ying I. , Shuler Michael L.
Published: July 2018

UniChip enables recirculating unidirectional perfusion with gravity-driven flow, facilitating reliable and cost-effective integration of shear stress-sensitive tissues into microphysiological systems.
Corrosion inhibiting action of Ni–Mo alloy coatings in the presence of mixed metal oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Goveas Jenice Jean , Shetty Sandhya , Mascarenhas Naveen Praveen , Hegde Ampar Chitharanjan , Gonsalves Richard Adolf
Published: July 2018

Enhanced anti-corrosion properties of Ni–Mo alloy coatings by addition of mixed metal oxide nanoparticles via an electrodeposition method.
Effect of pore density on gas permeation through nanoporous graphene membranes
Authors: Wang Song , Tian Ziqi , Dai Sheng , Jiang De-en
Published: July 2018

The pore-density dependence of gas permeation through one-atom-thin membranes displays different trends for different gases due to their different permeation-mechanisms.
Towards structural biology with super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Molle Julia , Jakob Leonhard , Bohlen Johann , Raab Mario , Tinnefeld Philip , Grohmann Dina
Published: July 2018

The combination of DNA nanotechnology and single-molecule biochemistry allows the first step towards the investigation of the structural organization of a proteinviaSR microscopy.
Preparation of gas phase naked silver cluster cations outside a mass spectrometer from ligand protected clusters in solution
Authors: Jash Madhuri , Reber Arthur C. , Ghosh Atanu , Sarkar Depanjan , Bodiuzzaman Mohammad , Basuri Pallab , Baksi Ananya , Khanna Shiv N. , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: July 2018

Gas phase naked silver clusters were prepared outside the mass spectrometer by thermal desorption of ligands starting from ligand protected clusters.
Correction: Lithographically fabricated gold nanowire waveguides for plasmonic routers and logic gates
Authors: Gao Long , Chen Li , Wei Hong , Xu Hongxing
Published: July 2018

Correction for ‘Lithographically fabricated gold nanowire waveguides for plasmonic routers and logic gates’ by Long Gao et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 11923–11929.
A study on the removal of propyl, butyl, and benzyl parabensvianewly synthesised ionic liquid loaded magnetically confined polymeric mesoporous adsorbent
Authors: Md Yusoff Masrudin , Yahaya Noorfatimah , Md Saleh Noorashikin , Raoov Muggundha
Published: July 2018

The main interaction between the synthesized material and the targeted paraben compounds.
Synthesis of self-assembled mesoporous 3D In2O3 hierarchical micro flowers composed of nanosheets and their electrochemical properties
Authors: Prakasam Balasubramaniam Arul , Lahtinen Manu , Peuronen Anssi , Manikandan Govindhasamy , Muruganandham Manickavachagam , Sillanpää Mika
Published: July 2018

This report describes the methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 microflowers by hydrothermal and calcination procedures in which In(OH)3/In2S3 acts as an intermediate.
Bandgap engineering of a lead-free defect perovskite Cs3Bi2I9through trivalent doping of Ru3+
Authors: Gu Jinyu , Yan Gangbin , Lian Yuebin , Mu Qiaoqiao , Jin Huidong , Zhang Zaichao , Deng Zhao , Peng Yang
Published: July 2018

Inorganic defect halide compounds such as Cs3Bi2I9have been regarded as promising alternatives to overcome the instability and toxicity issues of conventional perovskite solar cells.
The crystallization kinetics of Co doping on Ni–Mn–Sn magnetic shape memory alloy thin films
Authors: Tan Changlong , Zhu Jiachen , Wang Zhenhua , Zhang Kun , Tian XiaoHua , Cai Wei
Published: July 2018

Co doping is an effective means to improve the performance of Ni–Mn–Sn alloy bulks and thin films.
Shape memory materials based on adamantane-containing polyurethanes
Authors: Zou Faxing , Chen Heng , Fu Shuqin , Chen Shaojun
Published: July 2018

A series of adamantane (AD)-containing polyurethanes were prepared from 1,3-adamantanediol, 1,4-butanediol and hexamethylene diisocyanate, and the influences of AD on the shape memory behavior of polyurethanes were systematically studied.
The effect of the REACT strategy on students’ achievements with regard to solubility equilibrium: using chemistry in contexts
Authors: Günter Tuğçe
Published: July 2018

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of a context-based approach (CBA) ‘Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transferring’ (REACT) strategy used in relation to the topic of solubility equilibrium in the laboratory chemistry course on students’ achievement at associate level in a health-related program. In this regard, two contexts related to the topic of solubility equilibrium were developed and applied. The study had pre-test post-test with a control group research design and the participants consisted of sophomore students studying in the Medical Laboratory Techniques (MLT) and the Pharmacy Services (PS) Programs of the Ahmet Erdogan Vocational School of Health Services at Bulent Ecevit University (N= 96). The students enrolled in the MLT program were randomly assigned as the experimental group (n= 47) and the students in the PS program were randomly assigned as the control group (n= 49). The experimental group was taught solubility equilibrium by a CBA REACT strategy, whereas the control group was taught the relevant topic by conventional teaching. The ‘Equilibrium of Solubility Achievement Test (ESAT)’ and ‘Structured Interview Form’ were used as data collection tools in the research. The results of content analysis of ESAT post-test showed that the frequency of answers in the sound understanding category was higher for the experimental group compared to the control group students. In addition, the results of Mann–WhitneyUand Wilcoxon tests of the ESAT indicated that post-test scores were higher in both groups compared to pre-test scores and the increase was higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. The content analysis results of structured interview form and semi-structured interviews showed that the students expressed positive views concerning the instruction and the qualities of the contexts in general. In this research, it was concluded that the CBA REACT strategy used in relation to the topic of solubility equilibrium in the laboratory chemistry course improved students’ sound understanding and achievement and helped them develop positive views regarding the instruction and the quality of the contexts.
Combining traditional 2D and modern physical organic-derived descriptors to predict enhanced enantioselectivity for the key aza-Michael conjugate addition in the synthesis of Prevymis™ (letermovir)
Authors: Metsänen Toni T. , Lexa Katrina W. , Santiago Celine B. , Chung Cheol K. , Xu Yingju , Liu Zhijian , Humphrey Guy R. , Ruck Rebecca T. , Sherer Edward C. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: July 2018

Hybrid QSAR modeling predicts improved catalysts for the synthesis of Prevymis™ (letermovir).
Rhodium-catalyzed ortho-heteroarylation of phenols: directing group-enabled switching of the electronic bias for heteroaromatic coupling partner
Authors: Wu Yimin , Li Wei , Jiang Linfeng , Zhang Luoqiang , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong
Published: July 2018

A highly efficient ortho-heteroarylation of phenols with diverse electron-rich heteroarenes has been developed to forge heteroaryl-2-hydroxyphenyl structural motifs. The removal of the directing group and subsequent intramolecular cyclization make this protocol applicable in the rapid construction of π-conjugated heteroacenes.
Multifunctional hierarchical 3-D ZnO superstructures directly grown over FTO glass substrates: enhanced photovoltaic and selective sensing applications
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Shaad , Banik Avishek , Kalita Anamika , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan , Qureshi Mohammad
Published: July 2018

Ammonia has been extensively utilized in many applications such as agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, organic dyes, synthetic fibres, and it can diffuse into the atmosphere and cause severe effects on human health as well as the environment.
“TNOs are Cool”: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region
Authors: Vilenius E. , Stansberry J. , Müller T. , Mueller M. , Kiss C. , Santos-Sanz P. , Mommert M. , Pál A. , Lellouch E. , Ortiz J. L. , Peixinho N. , Thirouin A. , Lykawka P. S. , Horner J. , Duffard R. , Fornasier S. , Delsanti A.
Published: July 2018

Context.A group of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are dynamically related to the dwarf planet 136108 Haumea. Ten of them show strong indications of water ice on their surfaces, are assumed to have resulted from a collision, and are accepted as the only known TNO collisional family. Nineteen other dynamically similar objects lack water ice absorptions and are hypothesized to be dynamical interlopers.

Aims.We have made observations to determine sizes and geometric albedos of six of the accepted Haumea family members and one dynamical interloper. Ten other dynamical interlopers have been measured by previous works. We compare the individual and statistical properties of the family members and interlopers, examining the size and albedo distributions of both groups. We also examine implications for the total mass of the family and their ejection velocities.

Methods.We use far-infrared space-based telescopes to observe the target TNOs near their thermal peak and combine these data with optical magnitudes to derive sizes and albedos using radiometric techniques. Using measured and inferred sizes together with ejection velocities, we determine the power-law slope of ejection velocity as a function of effective diameter.

Results.The detected Haumea family members have a diversity of geometric albedos ~0.3–0.8, which are higher than geometric albedos of dynamically similar objects without water ice. The median geometric albedo for accepted family members ispV= 0.48−0.18+0.28, compared to 0.08−0.05+0.07for the dynamical interlopers. In the size rangeD= 175−300 km, the slope of the cumulative size distribution isq= 3.2−0.4+0.7for accepted family members, steeper than theq= 2.0 ± 0.6 slope for the dynamical interlopers withD< 500 km. The total mass of Haumea’s moons and family members is 2.4% of Haumea’s mass. The ejection velocities required to emplace them on their current orbits show a dependence on diameter, with a power-law slope of 0.21–0.50.
Helical and rotating plasma structures in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Mozafari Ghoraba A. , Abedi A. , Vasheghani Farahani S. , Khorashadizadeh S. M.
Published: July 2018

Aims. We model helical or rotating signatures in the solar atmosphere to further understand the efficiency of the equilibrium conditions, for example magnetic twist, rotation, plasma-β, and viscous effects on the life of solar helical structures.

Methods. Solar rotating structures, such as tornadoes, spirals, and whirls are modelled by considering a rotating and twisted magnetic cylinder residing in an environment with a straight magnetic field. A macroscopic approach proves adequate for working on the phase speed and damping of waves in solar atmospheric structures; as such, the magnetohydrodynamic theory is implemented. In this way the second order thin flux tube approximation is used for obtaining expressions for the frequency, deceleration, and damping of torsional waves in solar plasma structures in the presence of equilibrium rotation, magnetic twist, viscosity, and gravity.

Results. The dependency of the dissipation effects regarding the torsional wave in the linear regime is highlighted. The dispersion relation for axisymmetric oscillations propagating along a rotating and twisted solar cylindrical plasma structure in the presence of plasma viscosity and gravity is obtained. In this way we present explicit expressions for the oscillation and damping of torsional waves. The explicit expressions shed light on the influence of the equilibrium and environmental conditions on the speed deceleration, frequency, and damping of the torsional wave that exists in various layers of the solar atmosphere. The dispersion of the torsional wave is highly controlled by the combined effects of the rotation and the plasma-β, where when both are zero, the magnetic twist becomes significant only when the plasma resistivity comes into play. Regarding damping, the dominant actor for coronal conditions is the magnetic twist. However, since the damping time is highly dependent on the plasma-β, for photospheric conditions, the rotation becomes very significant. The damping of torsional waves is inversely proportional to the elevation of the rotating structure. This means that if the torsional wave survives through the photosphere and chromosphere, the chance for it to extend through the corona and solar wind is very high by gradually dissipating energy, which gives more opportunity for it to be observed.
When binaries keep track of recent nucleosynthesis
Authors: Karinkuzhi D. , Van Eck S. , Jorissen A. , Goriely S. , Siess L. , Merle T. , Escorza A. , Van der Swaelmen M. , Boffin H. M. J. , Masseron T. , Shetye S. , Plez B.
Published: July 2018

Context. Barium stars are s-process enriched giants. They owe their chemical peculiarities to a past mass transfer phase. During this phase they were polluted by their binary companion, which at the time was an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, but is now an extinct white dwarf. Barium stars are thus ideal targets for understanding and constraining the s-process in low- and intermediate-mass AGB stars.

Aims. We derive the abundances of a large number of heavy elements in order to shed light on the conditions of operation of the neutron source responsible for the production of s-elements in the former companions of the barium stars.

Methods. Adopting a recently used methodology, we analyse a sample of eighteen highly enriched barium stars observed with the high-resolution HERMES spectrograph mounted on the Mercator telescope (La Palma). We determine the stellar parameters and abundances using MARCS model atmospheres. In particular, we derive the Nb–Zr ratio which was previously shown to be a sensitive thermometer for the s-process nucleosynthesis. Indeed, in barium stars, 93Zr has fully decayed into mono-isotopic 93Nb, so Nb/Zr is a measure of the temperature-sensitive 93Zr/Zr isotopic ratio.

Results. HD 28159, previously classified as K5III and initially selected to serve as a reference cool K star for our abundance analysis, turns out to be enriched in s-process elements, and as such is a new barium star. Four stars are characterised by high nitrogen abundances, and among those three have high [Nb/Zr] and [hs/ls] ratios. The derived Zr and Nb abundances provide more accurate constraints on the s-process neutron source, identified to be 13C(α, n)16O for barium stars. The comparison with stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis models shows that the investigated barium stars were polluted by a low-mass (M ∼ 2 − 3 M⊙) AGB star. HD 100503 is potentially identified as a high metallicity analogue of carbon-enhanced metal-poor star enriched in both r- and s-process elements (CEMP-rs).
A variational formulation of the BDF2 method for metric gradient flows
Authors: Matthes Daniel , Plazotta Simon
Published: July 2018

We propose a variational form of the BDF2 method as an alternative to the commonly used minimizing movement scheme for the time-discrete approximation of gradient flows in abstract metric spaces. Assuming uniform semi-convexity – but no smoothness – of the augmented energy functional, we prove well-posedness of the method and convergence of the discrete approximations to a curve of steepest descent. In a smooth Hilbertian setting, classical theory would predict a convergence order of two in time, we prove convergence order of one-half in the general metric setting and under our weak hypotheses. Further, we illustrate these results with numerical experiments for gradient flows on a compact Riemannian manifold, in a Hilbert space, and in the L2-Wasserstein metric.
Dry Immersion as a Novel Physical Therapeutic Intervention for Rehabilitation of Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Meigal A. , Gerasimova-Meigal L. , Saenko I. , Subbotina N.
Published: July 2018

Background The study was aimed at evaluating therapeutic effect of analogue microgravity in a form of “dry immersion” (DI) on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods A group of 12 PD patients aged 67 (63–68) years, Hoenh and Yahr staged 1–3, participated in this study. During DI a subject wrapped in a thin waterproof material was immersed in a bathtub at 31°C. The rehabilitation program included 7 DI sessions (45 min each, 2 times per week, on-medication). The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale parts I, II and III (UPDRS-I/II/III) and the Hamilton’s Depression Rate Scale (HDRS) were applied before the 1st, after 4th and 7th DI session, and 2 weeks and 2 months after the whole DI program.

Results The UPDRS-III score, HDRS, and rigidity signs score have significantly decreased by 16–35% two weeks after the DI program. Two months after completion of the DI program all studied parameters regained their pre-treatment values. The UPDRS-I, II, tremor and akinesia signs score did not respond to the DI program.

Conclusion The DI program promises rehabilitation potential for patients with parkinsonism.
Die Bauhin-Klappe
Authors: Köln Magga Corts
Published: July 2018

Sie ist Teil des Verdauungstrakts und befindet sich am Übergang vom terminalen Ileum zum Caecum, also am Dünndarm-Dickdarm-Übergang. Die Bauhin-Klappe wird deshalb auch als Ileocaecalklappe bezeichnet.
Ein Spiegel kosmischer Harmonie
Authors: Casagrande C
Published: July 2018

Gedanken zu Klostergärten als Abbild einer kosmischen Ordnung. DieDHZ-Kolumne von HP Christina Casagrande.
Das idiopathische Parkinsonsyndrom und Schmerz – diagnostische und therapeutische Ansätze für ein herausforderndes nicht-motorisches Symptom
Authors: Buhmann Carsten , Ip Chi Wang , Oehlwein Christian , Tönges Lars , Wolz Martin , Reichmann Heinz , Kassubek Jan
Published: July 2018

Schmerzen beim idiopathischen Parkinsonsyndrom (IPS) treten bei 40 %–95 % der Patienten auf und beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität, sind jedoch oftmals unterdiagnostiziert und werden nur unsystematisch therapiert.

Schmerzätiologie und Schmerzcharakter können sehr vielfältig sein und obwohl die Optimierung der Parkinson-Medikation die Basis der Schmerzbehandlung ist, sind in den meisten Fällen zusätzliche Therapien zur suffizienten Behandlung der Schmerzen notwendig.

In dieser Arbeit werden Epidemiologie und Pathophysiologie des Schmerzes beim IPS dargestellt sowie Schmerzcharakteristika beschrieben. Es wird aufgezeigt, welche Methoden der Schmerzbehandlung beim IPS genutzt werden und wie Patienten die Effektivität der Therapien beurteilen. Auf Basis der begrenzten Datenlage und eines Expertenkonsens wurden praxisrelevante Vorschläge zu Diagnostik und Therapie bei Schmerz und IPS gegeben.

Diese Arbeit soll dazu beitragen, Neurologen für das Thema Schmerz beim IPS zu sensibilisieren. Aufgrund der Komplexität und Besonderheiten der neurodegenerativen Erkrankung sollten Neurologen an der interdisziplinären Schmerztherapie beim IPS beteiligt sein und ihren Patienten differenziertere Therapieoptionen bereitstellen als bisher.
Arthrogene muskuläre Inhibition (AMI) – Der kluge Schutz des Körpers
Authors: Horre Thomas
Published: July 2018

Ist ein Muskel schwach, ohne dass er atrophiert oder die Nervenleitung gestört ist, handelt es sich meist um eine arthrogene Muskelinhibition – ein kluger Schutzmechanismus des Körpers, um Schaden zu vermeiden. Wie er entsteht, erklärt Physiotherapeut Thomas Horre.
Maier-Kolumne – Fake News
Authors: Maier Ulrike
Published: July 2018

Eine Hausärztin, die, statt ein Physio-Rezept auszustellen, auf Übungen aus der Apotheken Umschau verweist? Unmöglich, sollte man meinen. Doch Physiotherapeutin Ulrike Maier belehrt eines Besseren. Ihre unwissende Hausärztin von nebenan liefert ihren Patienten gerne mal „alternative Fakten“ und hat bei ihren physiotherapeutischen Kenntnissen noch dringend Nachholbedarf.
Medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation (MBOR) in der Onkologie – 2-Jahres-Erfahrungen mit einem standardisierten, multimodalen Therapiekonzept
Authors: Hass Holger , Rockstroh Juliane , Pech Isabell , Drews Silvia , Stepien Jürgen , Lerch Johannes
Published: July 2018

Fragestellung Die in den letzten Jahren kontinuierlich verbesserte Prognose vieler Krebserkrankungen hat dazu geführt, dass die Themen „soziale und berufliche Teilhabe“ sowie der „return-to-work“ (RTW) eine zunehmende Bedeutung erhalten. Im Rahmen der aktuellen Arbeit wurde das in 2015 etablierte „Scheidegger MBOR-Konzept“ evaluiert.

Patienten und Methoden Nach Screening und Nachweis einer „besonderen, beruflichen Problemlage“ (BBPL) wurde die Teilnahme an dem standardisierten, manualisierten Konzept (berufsorientierte Physio- und Ergotherapie, Sozialberatung, psychoedukative Gruppen „Stressbewältigung/ Motivation“, sozialmedizinische Einzelberatung, Information Nachsorgemaßnahmen) verordnet. Zusätzlich wurden hemmenden Faktoren für den RTW, das Vorliegen einer Schmerzsymptomatik (NRS) und die psychischen Belastung (Distress-Thermometer; vs. Kontrollgruppe; n=100) erfasst.

Ergebnisse Bei 282 Patienten (~ 4,4%) wurde eine BBPL identifiziert. In 54 Fällen (19,1%) lag eine symptomatische Organmetastasierung vor, weswegen keine Teilnahme am Programm erfolgte. In 18,2% wurden LTA-Maßnahmen, in 38,6% die Einleitung einer stufenweisen Wiedereingliederung empfohlen. In 25,9% erfolgte die Bescheinigung einer (Teil)Erwerbsminderung. BBPL-Patienten berichteten häufiger (P=0,13) und über signifikant stärkere (P=0,007) chronische Schmerzen sowie über eine höhere psychische Belastung (P<0,001). Als hemmend für den RTW wurden angegeben: „Kraftlosigkeit/Fatigue“ (42,5%), „psychische Überlastung“ (34,7%), „krankheits-fördernde Arbeitsbedingungen“ (18,4%) bzw. „fehlende Wertschätzung/Mobbing“ (14,9%), „Alter“ (15,7%), „Schmerzen“ (13,1%). Somatische Nebenwirkungen der onkologischen Therapie (CIPN, Lymphödem) wurden seltener (<10%) angegeben.

Diskussion Gegenüber anderen Fachbereichen (z. B. Orthopädie) ist der Anteil an Patienten mit BBPL deutlich geringer. Die individuelle Bedeutung von berufsfördernden Maßnahmen und der RTW ist dennoch hoch, ebenso die Akzeptanz des MBOR-Konzeptes. Als hemmende Faktoren für den RTW ließen sich v. a. psychosoziale und arbeitsbezogene Faktoren nachweisen.

Schlußfolgerung Zukünftige Konzepte zur Förderung des RTW nach Krebs müssen daher insbesondere psychosoziale, motivierende und berufsfördernde Angebote beinhalten. Zudem ist zu beachten, dass ein großer Anteil von Patienten mit BBPL infolge einer infauste Prognose vermutlich auch langfristig keinen RTW erreichen werden.
Die wahre Medizin Asiens?
Authors: Amina Ather
Published: July 2018

Die klassische arabische Medizin, auch Unani oder Tibb genannt, wird heute vor allem in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nordindien und China praktiziert und sogar an Hochschulen gelehrt. Wie die Klostermedizin hat Unani seine Wurzeln vor allem in den Werken der griechischen Ärzte Hippokrates von Kos und Galen von Pergamon. Die arabische Medizin betrachtet Krankheit als natürlichen Zustand des menschlichen Körpers und nicht als Folge negativer Einflüsse.
Zugangsbarrieren zu und Wirksamkeit medizinischer Rehabilitation bei Rückenschmerz: Aktueller Stand einer Kohortenstudie mit Versicherten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Nord und Mitteldeutschland
Authors: Mattukat Kerstin , Fauser David , Schmitt Nadine , Bethge Matthias , Mau Wilfried
Published: July 2018

Hintergrund Muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen, v. a. chronische Rückenschmerzen, sind der zweithäufigste Grund für Erwerbsminderungsberentungen (EM-Berentungen) in Deutschland. Trotz des Grundsatzes „Reha vor Rente“ hat nur die Hälfte der EM-Rentner wegen Rückenschmerzen zuvor an einer medizinischen Rehabilitation teilgenommen. Dies kann auf eine Unterinanspruchnahme hindeuten und lässt die Frage nach möglichen Barrieren der Reha-Inanspruchnahme aufkommen. Untersuchungen hierzu sind jedoch rar. Zudem ist unklar, ob eine vorgeschaltete Reha-Maßnahme die EM-Verrentung hätte verhindern können, da die wenigen Studien zur Wirksamkeit medizinischer Rehabilitation bei Rückenschmerzen in Deutschland bisher widersprüchliche Befunde erbrachten.

Studienziele Die vorliegende Studie verfolgt vorrangig 2 Ziele: Erstens werden Zugangsbarrieren zu Rehabilitationsleistungen bei Personen mit Rückenschmerzen analysiert und zweitens wird die Wirksamkeit medizinischer Rehabilitation in der erreichten Zielgruppe untersucht.

Methoden In dieser prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurde zunächst eine Zufallsstichprobe von 45 000 Personen zu gleichen Teilen aus den Versichertenkonten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung (DRV) Nord und der DRV Mitteldeutschland gezogen.

Einschlusskriterien erwerbstätige Männer und Frauen von 45–59 Jahren, keine Rehabilitation in den letzten 4 Jahren und bisher kein EM-Rentenantrag. Nach der Erstbefragung (2017; t1) werden im Jahr 2019 (t2) lediglich Personen mit Rückenschmerzen zu t1 nachbefragt. Die Fragebogendaten werden mit administrativen Daten der DRV verknüpft (u. a. Reha-Antrag, Reha-Inanspruchnahme, EM-Rentenantrag, Krankengeldtage). Die Wirksamkeit medizinischer Rehabilitation wird zu t2 über den Vergleich einer mittels Propensity Score gematchten Stichprobe von Reha-Teilnehmern und Nicht-Teilnehmern ermittelt.

Aktueller Stand Die Erstbefragung ist abgeschlossen. Aktuell werden die Fragebogendaten aufbereitet, um v. a. Personen mit Rückenschmerzen für die Nachbefragung zu identifizieren, und die Zusammenführung der Forschungsdaten mit den administrativen Daten der DRV vorbereitet.

Diskussion Die Kohortenstudie untersucht prospektiv Hindernisse der Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Reha-Leistungen bei Personen mit Rückenschmerzen und liefert Ergebnisse zur Effektivität der Rehabilitation in dieser Zielgruppe. Die Ergebnisse können dazu beitragen, die evidenzbasierte Versorgung von Personen mit Rückenschmerzen in Deutschland zu verbessern.
Das patellofemorale Schmerzsyndrom (PFSS) – ein Update
Authors: Selfe James
Published: July 2018

Das patellofemorale Schmerzsyndrom wirkt auf den ersten Blick relativ trivial, auf den zweiten Blick jedoch eher komplex und herausfordernd. Prof. James Selfe
(PhD) gibt einen Einblick in die neuesten Erkenntnisse und Behandlungsansätze. Bisherige Überzeugungen stehen dabei auf dem Prüfstand.
Fallbericht Leberruptur bei fulminantem HELLP-Syndrom in der 37. SSW
Authors: Findeklee Sebastian
Published: July 2018

Das HELLP-Syndrom zählt zu den hypertensiven Schwangerschaftserkrankungen und ist durch die Trias Hämolyse, Leberschädigung mit Anstieg der Aminotransferasen und Thrombozytopenie gekennzeichnet. Obwohl nach bisherigem Stand der Forschung die Ursache im 1. Trimenon in Form einer gestörten Plazentation liegt, manifestiert sich die Schwangerschaftserkrankung in der Regel erst im 3. Trimenon, nicht jedoch vor der vollendeten 20. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW). Klinisch pathognomonisch ist der von der Schwangeren angegebene, in der Regel rechts unter dem Rippenbogen lokalisierte Oberbauchschmerz. Mithilfe des Labors lässt sich die klinische Verdachtsdiagnose dann bestätigen oder ausschließen. Therapeutisch kommen je nach SSW ein exspektatives Vorgehen mit Lungenreifeinduktion und Versuch der Prolongation der Schwangerschaft mithilfe von Dexamethason oder die Entbindung durch Geburtseinleitung oder primäre Sectio caesarea in Frage. Die Entbindung ist dabei die einzige kausale Therapie des HELLP-Syndroms. Das klinische Vorgehen hängt maßgeblich vom Verlauf des HELLP-Syndroms ab. Während es milde Verlaufsformen gibt, die eine mehrtägige, selten auch mehrwöchige Prolongation erlauben, existiert auf der anderen Seite auch die Möglichkeit eines foudroyanten Verlaufs mit akut eintretender Leberschädigung. Wir berichten über eine 40-jährige I. Gravida mit 36+1 SSW, die sich unter dem Eindruck eines hämorrhagischen Schocks infolge einer Leberruptur bei akutem HELLP-Syndrom bei uns vorstellte.
Endoprothetik
Authors: Perka Carsten , Janz Viktor
Published: July 2018

Die Geschichte der Endoprothetik in den letzten 20 Jahren ist eine Erfolgsgeschichte. Mit modernen Implantaten sind heute nahezu alle Belastungen realisierbar.
Die steigende Anzahl an Endoprothesenimplantationen wird inzwischen allerdings auch als Problem diskutiert. Argumente sind das zu häufige Operieren und die
fehlende Nutzung der Alternativen, insbesondere der konservativen Behandlung. Zu den aktuellen Trends in der Endoprothetik zählt die immer stärkere
Konzentration endoprothetischer Versorgungen in Zentren bzw. großen Kliniken. Insbesondere in der Knieendoprothetik gehen höhere Fallzahlen mit einem besseren
Ergebnis einher. Durch Veränderungen rund um die Operation wurden die Verweildauern nach endoprothetischem Ersatz weltweit drastisch reduziert, weniger stark
aufgrund abrechnungsbedingter Aspekte in Deutschland. Insgesamt sind die Komplikationsraten, v.a. die aseptische Lockerung von Prothesen deutlich
zurückgegangen. Auch das Infektionsrisiko ist gesunken, stellt neben der Luxation und den periprothetischen Frakturen jedoch weiterhin eine Hauptursache für
eine Revisionsoperation dar.

Aktuell können heute Standzeiten der Prothesen von 20 Jahren bei 90 % der Patienten angenommen werden. Eine Herausforderung in der Versorgung ergibt sich aus der
Reduktion der Erstattungsbeiträge durch Krankenkassen. Diese führt zu einem immer höheren Druck, Implantationen schneller und häufiger durchzuführen,
andererseits die verlustträchtige Behandlung von Komplikationen, v.a. Infektionen, in andere Krankhäuser zu verweisen.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Antimicrobial Activities of Eugenia Species – A Review
Authors: de Souza Angela , de Oliveira Camila , de Oliveira Vinícius , Betim Fernando , Miguel Obdulio , Miguel Marilis
Published: July 2018

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical health problem, and pathogens responsible for common infections have developed resistance to antimicrobials, posing a threat to global health and placing a huge burden on health services. During the past two decades, the search for new bioactive agents in nature has become extremely important for promoting health and in the development of more efficient antimicrobials. The genus Eugenia is one of the largest in the Myrtaceae family, comprising approximately 1000 species from Mexico to Argentina, with a few species distributed in Australia and Africa. Eugenia species are used in folk medicine, with antidiabetic, antirheumatic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study systematically reviews the Eugenia species to compile the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial effects. In addition, we provide information regarding the traditional uses and cytotoxic activity of Eugenia species. We conducted a systematic literature search of specialized databases (Web of Science, Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus) and selected articles published between 1973 and 2015 using Eugenia and antimicrobial activity, Eugenia and toxicity, and Eugenia and chemical composition as key words. Ninety-three studies were included, and the phytochemical analyses from these studies show that Eugenia species are a rich source of flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Chemical constituents play an apparent role in the antimicrobial effects and reinforce the known antimicrobial potential of the Eugenia genus. It is worth mentioning that some Eugenia species cause significant cytotoxicity.
Differential Modulation of Gene Expression Encoding Hepatic and Renal Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes by an Aspalathin-Enriched Rooibos Extract and Aspalathin
Authors: Abrahams Sameega , Samodien Sedicka , Lilly Mariska , Joubert Elizabeth , Gelderblom Wentzel
Published: July 2018

Modulation of the expression of hepatic and renal genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes by an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract (GRE) was investigated in the liver and kidneys of F344 rats following dietary exposure of 28 d, as well as selected xenobiotic metabolizing genes in rat primary hepatocytes. In the liver, GRE upregulated genes (p < 0.05) encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase, and cytochrome P450 while 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (Hsd17β2) was downregulated. In primary hepatocytes, GRE lacked any effect, while aspalathin downregulated Hsd17β2, mimicking the effect of GRE in vivo, and upregulated catechol-O-methyl transferase and marginally (p < 0.1) cytochrome P450 2e1. In the kidneys, GRE upregulated (p < 0.05) genes encoding the phase II xenobiotic metabolism enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase mµ and microsomal glutathione-S-transferase, while downregulating genes encoding the ATP binding cassette transporter, cytochrome P450, gamma glutamyltransferase 1, and N-acetyltransferase 1. Differential modulation of the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing genes in vivo and in vitro by GRE is dose-related, duration of exposure, the tissue type, and interactions between specific polyphenol and/or combinations thereof. Aspalathin is likely to be responsible for the downregulation of estradiol and testosterone catabolism by GRE in the liver. The differential gene expression by GRE in the liver and kidneys could, depending on the duration exposure and dose utilized, determine the safe use of such an extract in humans for specific health and/or disease outcomes.
Synthesis of (Z)-2-[(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-(phenylthio) acrylaldehyde
Authors: Harmata Michael , Topinka Michael
Published: July 2018

The title compound was prepared from ethyl acrylate over seven steps. En route, an ester was prepared that could be catalytically activated with Sc(OTf)3 to undergo a (4+3) cycloaddition with 2,5-dimethylfuran. The title compound reacts with organolithium species and the resultant alkoxide can be trapped as an ester or allowed to experience a silyl shift to produce a highly functionalized ketone.
Transition-Metal-Free Efficient Synthesis of Bisindole Sulfanes Using 2-(Fluorosulfonyl)difluoroacetic Acid
Authors: Li Yang , Shi Lan-Ting , Zhu Wen-Qing , Li Hong , Zhang Qiang
Published: July 2018

By using 2-(fluorosulfonyl)difluoroacetic acid as sulfur ­reagent, bisindole sulfanes were highly efficient synthesized under transition-metal-free conditions. Results indicate that this proceeded not at the relatively acidic C-2 position but rather selectively at the nucleo­philic C-3 position to give the desired compounds with excellent regio­selectivities and good yields.
Functional Pool of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate in Rabbit Platelets
Authors: Hashimoto Shuichi G
Published: July 2018

Accumulation of the newly formed 14C-cyclic adenosine 3',5’-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was found in the P1 (1.0) fraction, i. e. a platelet plasma membrane fraction which was obtained from 14C-adenine-labeled platelets. On the other hand, total cyclic AMP as determined simultaneously was located mainly in the platelet soluble fraction. Furthermore, the highest value of the cyclic AMP-binding capacity was found in the P1 (1.0) fraction. The cyclic AMP-binding activity of platelet membranes was attributed to two proteins with molecular weights of approximately 48,000 and 68,000.

The treatment of 14C-adenine-prelabeled platelets with thrombin (1 unit per ml) led to about 40% decrease in the newly formed 14C-cyclic AMP level and 18% reduction of 14C-adenosine triphosphate level in whole platelets within 10 sec. On the other hand, the 14C-cyclic AMP level in the P, fraction decreased by about 80% of the control value while the total cyclic AMP in this fraction was almost unchanged. This rapid and striking fall in the membrane 14C-cyclic AMP level could be correlated with the more than 2fold stimulation of the membrane-bound cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, together with the more than 20% inhibition of both the cyclic AMP-binding capacity and the adenyl cyclase in platelet membranes by thrombin treatment. These observations suggest the possibility that functional pool of cyclic AMP related to thrombin-induced aggregation is located in rabbit platelet plasma membrane.
Albumin, Fibrinogen, Prothrombin and Antithrombin III Variations in Blood, Urines and Liver in Rat Nephrotic Syndrome (Heymann Nephritis)
Authors: Girot R , Jaubert F , Leon M , Bellon B , Aiach M , Josso F , Lepelletier O , Beguin S , Monnet J-P
Published: July 2018

Albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin and antithrombin in (AT ID) variations have been studied in blood, urines and liver during an experimental nephrotic syndrome in rats (Heymann nephritis). A quantitative morphometric study (light microscopy) has been performed in the liver using an immunocytochemical technique – (PAP) method – to evaluate the protein synthesis by the number of protein-containing hepatocytes. Some sections were also studied by electron microscopy. The nephrotic animals were compared with control rats. In the blood of nephrotic rats, fibrinogen and prothrombin concentrations were increased and albumin and AT III concentrations were decreased. In the urines of nephrotic rats, albumin, prothrombin and AT III were lost, but no fibrinogen. The morphometric study in the liver has shown a significantly higher number of fibrinogen and prothrombin containing hepatocytes in nephrotic rats than in controls, suggesting an increased synthesis of these proteins; no change was observed concerning albumin and AT III between nephrotic and control animals. In electron microscopy, albumin was demonstrated in Golgi apparatus, proving that the peroxidase-positive cells are related to protein synthesis. These results show that the mechanisms of regulation of the protein synthesis during nephrotic syndrome are different from one protein to another and, particularly, that their blood level is not the only regulating factor for their synthesis.
The Inhibition by Plasma of Urokinase and Tissue Activator-Induced Fibrinolysis in Pregnancy and the Puerperium
Authors: Walker J E , Gow L , Campbell D M , Ogston D
Published: July 2018

The activity of urokinase and tissue activator on fibrin plates was inhibited by plasma from women in the third trimester of pregnancy to a greater extent than by non-pregnant plasma. Pregnancy also inhibited the amidolytic activity of urokinase. The high molecular weight fractions of pregnancy plasma gel filtered on Sephadex G-200 showed comparable inhibitory activity against urokinase as fractions for non-pregnant plasma; in contrast with non-pregnant plasma, the lower molecular weight fractions of pregnancy plasma were markedly inhibitory against urokinase. Plasma exposed to lysine-Sepharose to remove plasminogen and then fractionated on Sephadex G-100 provided a pattern of three areas of inhibition against tissue activator similar to that seen in non-pregnant plasma. The urokinase-inhibitory activity of lower molecular weight fractions of plasma separated on Sephadex G-200 fell within 1 hr of delivery and fell further over the following 18 to 30 hr.
The In Vitro Association of Antihemophilic Factor and von Willebrand Factor
Authors: Zucker M B , Soberano M E , Johnson A J , Fulton A J , Kowalski S , Adler M
Published: July 2018

Considerable evidence, including results of gel chromatography, indicates that antihemophilic factor (AHF; factor VIII: C) is associated with von Willebrand factor (vWF; factor VIIIR: RC or VTIIR: Ag) in citrated plasma. The present study was undertaken to determine whether these factors are also associated in plasma with a physiologic calcium ion concentration, or in an artificial medium using purified antihemophilic factor and plasma as a source of vWF. When fresh BaS04-treated native normal plasma was passed through a column of Sepharose CL-4B that was equilibrated and eluted with fresh BaS04-treated plasma from a patient with severe von Willebrand’s disease, the AHF and vWF activities were found in the void volume. Thus, AHF remains associated with vWF on gel chromatography in the presence of physiological concentrations of all plasma constituents except the vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. On the other hand, when to 200,000 X purified “vWF-free” AHF was chromatographed in buffered 4% albumin with 2 mM CaCl2, virtually all of it appeared in the included volume of the column with an apparent molecular weight between that of fibrinogen or factor V (340,000) and gamma globulin (160,000). The combination of the “vWF-free” AHF with the vWF in plasma was studied by adding the AHF to BaS04-treated plasma from normal subjects or patients with severe hemophilia or von Willebrand’s disease and chromatographing the mixture. The AHF activity appeared in the void volume in an amount that was inversely related to the ratio of the AHF to vWF activity. Thus, with 1-12 U of AHF per unit of vWF, virtually all of the AHF eluted in the void volume, with 30 and 500 units of AHF per unit of vWF, only about 50% and 10% of the AHF, respectively, eluted in the void volume, and in the absence of vWF, none of the AHF activity eluted in the void volume.
Selective Inhibition of Thromboxane Synthetase with Dazoxiben - Basis of Its Inhibitory Effect on Platelet Adhesion
Authors: Menys V C , Davies J A
Published: July 2018

Platelet adhesion to rabbit aortic subendothelium or collagen-coated glass was quantitated in a rotating probe device by uptake of radio-labelled platelets. Under conditions in which aspirin had no effect, dazoxiben, a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, reduced platelet adhesion to aortic subendothelium by about 40% but did not affect adhesion to collagen-coated glass. Pre-treatment of aortic segments with 15-HPETE, a selective inhibitor of PGI2-synthetase, abolished the inhibitory effect of dazoxiben on adhesion. Concentrations of 6-oxo-PGFlα in the perfusate were raised in the presence of dazoxiben alone, and following addition of thrombin (10 units/ml) there was a 2-3 fold increase in concentration. Perfusion of damaged aorta with platelets labelled with (14C)-arachidonic acid in the presence of thrombin and dazoxiben resulted in the appearance of (14C)-labelled-6-oxo-PGFiα. Inhibition of thromboxane synthetase limits platelet adhesion probably by promoting vascular synthesis of PGI2 from endoperoxides liberated from adherent platelets, which subsequently promotes detachment of cells from the surface.
Factor VIII-Related Antigen in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Garcia V Vicente , Alberca I , Borrasca A Lopez
Published: July 2018

A hundred and one samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from patients with bacterial meningitis (18), viral meningitis (9), lymphoproliferative disorders (33), 15 with meningeal infiltrations, multiple sclerosis (8), stroke (8) and 25 subjects with normal CSF. All samples were studied for VIIIR: Ag with specific and sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and Laurell’s technique.

Prothrombin and factor IX antigenic activities were investigated by Laurell’s technique. Simultaneously, plasma specimens from ten patients with bacterial meningitis were evaluated. Only a selective increase of VIIIR: Ag was demonstrated in CSF from bacterial meningitis whereas prothrombin and factor IX were not detected. VIIIR: Ag plasma and CSF levels were uncorrelated. Similarly, no relationship could be established between the degree of elevation of VIIIR: Ag in the CSF and their protein concentration.

These findings suggest that VIIIR :Ag elevation in CSF has diagnostic value for bacterial meningitis and that disruption of the blood-brain barrier is not responsible for their elevated levels. Accordingly, the presence of VIIIR :Ag in CSF may be an indication of endothelial damage in the choroid plexi.
Highly Efficient Induction of Human Platelet Aggregation in Heparinized Platelet-Rich Plasma by Diadenosine Triphosphate (Ap3A)
Authors: Lüthje Jürgen , Baringer Johann , Ogilvie Adaling
Published: July 2018

Diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A), which is a releasable dinucleotide of human platelets, induces platelet aggregation when added to heparinized platelet-rich plasma. The concentration dependence of the dinucleotide is similar to ADP. This finding is fully compatible with our recent report of the low potency of Ap3A in citrated platelet-rich plasma relative to ADP.

The aggregatory effect of Ap3A in heparinized versus citrated plasma is reflected in the corresponding rates of Ap3A degradation. In citrated plasma, the hydrolysis of Ap3A is drastically slowed down because the hydrolase needs divalent metal ions. The results strongly support the assumption that the aggregatory effect of Ap3A is mediated by the enzymatic hydrolysis of Ap3A which generates ADP as the ultimate stimulus.
Acylated Derivatives of Streptokinase-Plasminogen Activator Complex as Thrombolytic Agents in a Dog Model of Aged Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Dupe R J , Green J , Smith R A G
Published: July 2018

A procedure is decribed for the establishment of experimental clots, aged in vivo for 72 hr, in the jugular vein of beagle dogs. Two acylated derivatives of streptokinase-human (lys) plasminogen activator complex with greatly differing deacylation rates under physiological conditions were compared as thrombolytic agents in the model. These were BRL 26921 (deacylation halflife, 40 min) and BRL 33575 (deacylation half-life c. 17hr). The pharmacokinetic clearance rate of BRL 33575 from the circulation was studied and gave a clearance half-life of about 7 hr. BRL 33575 was found to be the superior agent in lysing 72 hr aged clots, being effective at a single bolus dose of 420 μg/kg or in three equal divided doses of 140 μg/kg given at 12 hr intervals. The single dose regime gave moderate systemic plasminogen activation, and the effect was significantly reduced with the divided dose regime. Infusion of freshly formed streptokinasehuman plasminogen activator complex at 420 μg/kg over 15 hr gave little thrombolysis despite marked systemic plasminogen activation.
The Involvement of Platelets and the Coronary Vasculature in Collagen-Induced Sudden Death in Rabbits
Authors: Mallarkey G , Smith G M
Published: July 2018

The mechanism of collagen-induced sudden death in rabbits was studied by measuring blood pressure (BP), heart rate, ECG, the continuous platelet count and the plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto prostaglandin Fia (6-keto PGF1α). Death was preceded by myocardial ischaemia and a sharp fall in BP which occurred before any fall in platelet count was observed. The calcium entry blockers (CEBs), verapamil, nifedipine and PY 108-068 protected the rabbits from sudden death without any significant effect on the decrease in the platelet count or increase in plasma TxB2 levels. 6-keto PGF1α could not be detected in any plasma samples. Indomethacin and tri-sodium citrate also protected the rabbits but significantly reduced the fall in platelet count and plasma TxB2. In vitro studies on isolated aortae indicated that verapamil non-specifically inhibited vasoconstriction induced by KC1, adrenaline and U46619 (a thromboxane agonist). It is concluded that CEBs physiologically antagonize the vasoconstricting actions of platelet-derived substances and that it is coronary vasoconstriction that is primarily the cause of death.