bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics Analysis of B. Abortus Strain 2308 Protein and Its Drug Docking
Authors: Rajan Keshri  , Harpreet Kaur  , Dhanashri R. Patil  , Nilesh N. Sonawane
Published: March 2021

Brucellosis is among the fast-spreading disease on Earth causing casualties in livestock as well as in humans. It’s an alarming situation to kick off the study of Brucellosis causing agent. Brucellosis is an infective sickness caused by Brucella abortus. Here, we have carried out the Insilco analysis of Brucella abortus strain 2308. This strain is mainly responsible for the disease. Here, we have tried to study the B. abortus strain 2308 by the means of bioinformatics methodology. We have run several Insilco tools to predict its structure and function. Moreover, we have carried out the methodology of protein homology modelling on this strain. Furthermore, we have also carried out several protein chain analyses, protein-protein interface, structure alignment, structure prediction and active site prediction. To make our study more productive we have also performed drug docking. These results will add on a little info in the emerging bioinformatics data regarding Brucella abortus.
Role of Nanotechnology in Iraq (Synthesis and Characterization): A Review
Authors: N. A. Thamer
Published: March 2021

Nanotechnology has become the focus of attention in all basic sciences such as physics, chemistry biology and others. It concerned with particle size range from 1-100 nanometer. In this review they give a brief description about Nanotechnology in Iraq, Types of synthesis, study the characterization and its application in various fields viz. medicine, industry, agriculture, electronic and in the oil field.
Kinematic Analysis of Different Group in Basketball with the Technique of Jump Shot
Authors: Pankaj Arya  , Dr. Y. S. Rajpoot
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the present study was to kinematics analysis with selected Kinematic variables among three group G1 short height, G2 medium height and G3 tall players in basketball. Thirty (N=30) Basketball player of Basketball academy from NBA Academy Indore are purposively selected as a subject for present study. Further it was divided into three different heights groups of Ten (N=10), subjects each, the first group was heighted from 155 to 165 cm, second group was heighted from 166 to 175 cm  and third group was heighted from 176cm and above respectively. The entire subject ranged between ages 15 to 21 years. Videography method was used to biomechanically analysis the selected moments i.e. execution of Jump shot in Basketball. The selected kinematic variables such as Displacement of CG, player’s CG height during ball release and velocity of the ball during ball release were selected for the present study. Kinovea software was used in order to obtain the values of selected kinematic from developed stick figure. For the purpose of this study ANOVA test was used. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The result reveled significant difference in player’s cg height during ball release but the researcher failed to get the significant result in displacement of cg and velocity of the ball during ball release.
A Review Article: Categorization, Advancement and Obstacles of Genetic factors and types of Spinal Muscular Degeneration
Authors: Marwa Abbas Abdulrazzak Kubba
Published: March 2021

SMA (Spinal muscular atrophies) are category of hereditary inflammation in the funiculars and lower brain stem, tissue fatigue, and degeneration characterized by motor neuron failure. The analytic and genetic phenotypes incorporate a diverse continuum distinguished depending on age of onset, tissue participation arrangement, and inheritance arrangement. Rapid advancements in genetic science have expedite the discovery of causative genes over the past few years, and provide significant access in awareness the biochemical and neurological basis of Spinal muscular atrophies and insights into the motor neurons' selective deficiency. Popular path physiological topics include Ribonucleic Acid metabolism and splicing abnormalities, axonal transmission, and motor neurons' advancement and communication. These also collectively revealed possible innovative prevention methods and comprehensive attempts are what benefits does the company offer? Although a range of promising therapeutic therapies for Spinal muscular atrophies is emerging, it is essential to identify therapeutic windows and establish responsive and appropriate biomarkers to promote future analytic trial success. This research offers a description of Spinal muscular atrophies' logical manifestations and genetics. It discusses recent advancements in learning—mechanisms for the pathogenesis of inflammation and new treatment methods.
A Review on Effect of Climatic Zones on the Milk Production of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows
Authors: Prabha Adhikari  , Prativa Sharma  , Surya Sharma Bhatta
Published: March 2021

Dairy farming is emerging as commercial enterprise and milk as the part of dietary food but the milk productivity of the cattle varies with the variation in climatic factors. So, breed selection plays imperative role on maintaining productivity and adoptability in different environments. Holstein Friesian and Jersey being the temperate breeds with high milk producing capacities could not perform well on the tropical and sub-tropical region. With proper feeding, Holstein has higher milk yield and low-fat percentage than Jersey. Milk yield varies by 2.58% in Holstein and 2.09% in Jersey cow with the change in climatic factors (minimum temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation). In hot areas, both breeds suffer from heat stress showing low feed intake, higher body and rectal temperature, high respiration rates and high heart beats. Holstein has high increase than Jersey in rectal temperature and heart beat by 0.550C and 15.4 inhalations/min respectively which shows Jersey are more heat tolerant than Holstein. It is due to the larger heat dissipating area, short and light hair, lighter body coat and thin fat. Heat stress can be managed by providing shade, nutritious feed and genetic improvements. As the climate change is emerging, it can affect cattle in tropical regions even more in near future. To overcome this future challenge, further research and study must be done for the proper management of Holstein and Jersey in stress condition and heat tolerance breed must be developed by genetic improvement.
Effect of Pasteurized Low Acidic Indigenous Beverages Produced in Northern Cameroon on Germination of Bacillus and Geobacillus Spores Species
Authors: James Ronald Bayoï  , François-Xavier Etoa
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of three commercially available traditional acidic beverages on spore germination. “Foléré”, red “té” and white “mpedli” sorghum beers have been produced at the laboratory scale assisted by experimented producers, and pH of samples were adjusted at 2.01, 2.63 and 2.8 respectively, then they were pasteurized. The samples produced were tested on four spore-forming bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megapterium, Bacillus subtilis and Geobacillus stearothermophilus) and germination was assessed both on culture plate media and by loss of optical density (OD) methods. The results obtained showed that “foléré” at pH 2.01, and both indigenous sorghum red beer at pH 2.63 and white beer at pH 2.8 were effective on spore germination, and efficacy significantly increase (p < 0.05) with the incubation time. The presence of alcohol in the pasteurized white (2.43 %) and red (4.7 %) sorghum beers has significantly (p < 0.05) improved the anti-germinating activity compared to the non-alcoholic “foléré” beverage. The sensitivity of B. cereus and B. subtilis was positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.880; p < 0.01) likewise the sensitivity of B. megapterium and G. stearothermophilus (r = 0.725; p < 0.05), and the activity of traditional white and red sorghum beers was found to be very significant (p < 0.05) for each couple respectively. The loss of OD showed an inhibitory effect of indigenous beverages germination and exhibited a microcycle on all tested spore-forming bacteria. It was concluded that if the good hygiene and manufacturing practices were applied for production of indigenous beverages, they might easily be used as natural preservatives and for prevention of gastroenteritis induced by germination and outgrowth of spore-forming bacteria like B. cereus.
Sovereign Defaults and Banking Crises
Authors:   HSE University, Isakov K.S.
Published: March 2021

This research is aimed at contributing to the endogenization of default costs. Higher exposure of a banking system to sovereign bonds increases the likelihood of banking panics due to sovereign defaults. Following (Gertler, Kiyotaki, 2015), the research models the possibility of a banking crisis occurring after a sovereign default. While a higher exposure of a banking system is associated with potential losses, this mechanism creates a stronger commitment to honor the sovereign debt. A marginal increase in the sovereign debt raises the ex-post costs of default through a higher likelihood of a banking crisis, thus making a default option less desirable. This mechanism might increase investors’ confidence and resolve the coordination problem of self-fulfilling crises. In part, this may explain the findings of Bocola and Dovis (2019), who claim that non-fundamental risk played only a limited role during the European sovereign debt crisis. Furthermore, as opposed to the standard solution of the coordination problem — to issue debt of longer maturity — a government can resolve this problem by forcing its banking system to hold more sovereign bonds.
Information and Institutional Choice in Models of Agency Interactions
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukharev O. S.
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses the neo-institutional approach to the study of agent interactions based on information exchange and the institutional choice for the use of a common resource. The aim of the study is to formalize the model of interaction between two agents exchanging information and finding various modes of such exchange, which are determined by the influence of in-formation transfer of institutions. This enables us to adjust the standard scheme applied to study the institutional choice, which involves the demonstration of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game take and discussion of the example of adverse selection. The research methodology is based on the theory of new institutionalism developed by the Coase-Ostrom scientific school. We expand this approach by removing model constraints and conventions of institutional choice to describe the general theoret-ical provisions covering various institutional situations that are difficult to study only through field research. This research also discusses the questions not taken into account by the above-mentioned methodology: the institutions as a kind of a common resource and behavior of agents in situations where there is no institutional choice or the choice is determined by the criteria other than the expected benefits and costs and not only by a set of normally established situational variables. The proposed model results not only in finding information exchange regimes and the types of adaptation of the correspond-ing agents, but also in the determination of an acceptable decision-making zone within the framework of institutional choice, according to simultaneously applied criteria — an increase in the general welfare, material component of welfare and reduction in information asymmetry. It is shown that the regulatory parameters that correspond to the influence of institutions on the transfer of information from one agent to another can be dependent or not, but affect their respective channels of information transfer in their own way. The adverse selection model is determined not only by information asymmetry, but also by other institutional conditions related to the characteristics of a given market, a third party’s influence on the deal, as opposed to the external effect mechanism. This brings us to the fact that the inherent properties of adverse selection — lowering of the price of goods and quality loss — cease to have effect. Areas of future research may include an expanded application of this model to institutions as a public resource.
Atlardan İzole Edilen Streptococcus equi Suşlarının Moleküler İdentifikasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıklarının Saptanması
Authors: Çalışkan Abdullah , Tel Osman Yaşar
Published: March 2021

Su sakağısı, atlarda Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi )'nin neden olduğu akut seyirli, bulaşıcı ve irinli
lenfadenitisle karakterize bir hastalıktır. Hastalık genellikle taylarda görülür ve hastalıkta üst solunum yolu ile ilgili bölgesel
lenf nodüllerinde veya ender olarak da generalize formda apseleşme görülür. Hastalık tüm yaşlardaki tek tırnaklıları etkiler.
Bu çalışmada atlardan S. equi izolasyonu ve izolatların PCR ile moleküler olarak identifikasyonu ve antibiyotik duyarlılık
profillerinin saptanması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla materyal olarak 60 attan alınan burun svabı ve tracheal yıkantı sıvısı örnekleri
kullanıldı. Örneklerin kolistin ve nalidiksit asit içeren kanlı agara ekimleri yapılarak, %5 C02’li ortamda 37 °C inkubasyona
bırakıldı. Örneklerin kültür yoluyla incelenmesi sonucunda 22’sinden (%36) Streptococcus spp. izolasyonu gerçekleştirildi.
İzole edilen 22 suşun, 3’ü (%19,1) S. equi, 19’u (%20,6) Streptococcus zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) olarak identifıye
edildi. İzolatların superoxide dismutase-sodA gen bölgesinin amplifikasyonu sonucunda 3 S. equi ve 19 S. zooepidemicus
izolatının tamamında 230 bp’lik bantlar gözlendi. Streptococcus equi etkenlerinin tür düzeyinde identifikasyonu için yapılan,
pyrogenic exotoxin L (seel) gen bölgesinin amplifikasyonu sonucunda 520 bp’lik bant görüldü. Elde edilen 22 izolatın hepsi
moleküler olarak tür düzeyinde doğrulandı. Antibiyogram testi sonucunda izolatların trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol,
enrofloxacin, teicoplanin, imipenem’e duyarlı oldukları, clindamycin, neomycin, vancomycin, gentamicin, cefoxitin, penicilin
G, kanamycin, streptomycin antibiyotiklerine ise farklı oranlarda duyarlılık saptandı. Sonuç olarak, S. zooepidemicus'un
hastalığın etiyolojisinde rol oynayabileceği ve bu nedenle etkenin göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiği, S. zooepidemicus ve S.
equi’nin identifikasyonunda PCR testinin yararlı olduğu görüldü. Antibiyogram testi sonucunda, özellikle aminoglikozidlere
karşı bir direncin bulunduğu tespit edildi.
konsep pemikiran ekonomi islam pada masa khalifah
Authors: Pradana Muh. Rasul
Published: March 2021

artikel mengenai bagaimana konsep ekonomi islam pada masa khalifah.
konsep ekonomi pada masa Khulafaurrasyidin
Authors: Rismawati
Published: March 2021

catatan tentang konsep ekonomi pada masa khulafarrasyidin
KONSEP EKONOMI PADA MASA KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN
Authors: resti
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan ekonomi Islam berawal dari berkembangnya agama Islam yang dibawakan oleh Rasulullah saw. Praktek ekonomi Islam ini berkembang pada saat Rasulullah saw hijrah ke Madinah. Disanalah beliau mulai menata pemerintahan dan sistem ekonomi untuk negara. Sejak Rasulullah saw wafat praktek ekonomi kemudian dilanjutkan pada masa khulafaur rasyidin, yaitu Abu Bakar as-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan, dan Ali bin Abi Thalib.
MAKNA SIMBOLIK DEWA NINI SEBAGAI BENTUK SAKRALISASI BUDAYA AGRIKULTUR MASYARAKAT HINDU BALI
Authors: Jayendra Putu Sabda
Published: March 2021

Putu Sabda Jayendra dalam tulisannya “Makna Simbolik Dewa Nini Sebagai Bentuk Sakralisasi Budaya Agrikultur Masyarakat Hindu Bali” Hal ini seolah menegaskan esensi budaya agrikultur telah menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan sosiokultural masyarakat Hindu Bali. Simbolisasi Dewi Sri dalam bentuk Dewa Nini menjadi representasi dari aspek feminis Tuhan yang memiliki fungsi sentral secaraspiritual dalam menjaga keberlangsungan budaya agrikultur di Bali, dan artinya secara tidak langsung turut berpengaruh terhadap eksistensi ritual yadnya yang lainnya. Dengan demikian, kebertahanan budaya agrikultur tidak saja berimplikasi terhadap kehidupan sosial, namun juga secara religius
Ekonomi Masa Khulafa' Al Rasyidin
Authors: Lusiana Anisa
Published: March 2021

Setelah Rasulullah SAW wafat, pemerintahan dipegang oleh Khulafaurrasyidin. Dimana, perkembangan-perkembangan baru muncul dimasa itu, terutama tercermin dari kebijakannya yang berbeda antara satu khalifah dengan khalifah yang lain. Khalifah pertama adalah Abu Bakar As-Shidik kebijakannya adalah Riddah (Memerangi kelompok yang murtad), Khalifah kedua adalah Umar Bin Khattab kebijakannya terkait dengan ekonomi adalah pemungutan dinar dirham dan pengklasifikasian zakat. Kahlifah ketiga adalah Usman Bin Affan, kebijakannya adalah tidak mengambil upah dari kantornya. Dan Khalifah terakhir adalah Ali Bin Abi Thalib bentuk kebijakannya berupa penetapan pajak bagi pemilik hutan sebesar 4000 dirham.
Achieving Global Competitive Human Resources in the Industrial Revolution
Authors: panggantara Pang william
Published: March 2021

Fourth wave of industrial revolution is marked by the use of information technology, artificial inteligence (A.I), and automatic engines. Competitive advantage has become a necessity for every business actor when they wants to competing in the global market. The current condition definitely encouraging the occurence of massive transformation at all business levels and units this condition happens because every business actor can enter from and any other countries markets easily. this condition making professionalism of every business actor is highly prioritized like many case in the business decision making and continous innovation.
Konsep Ekonomi Pada Masa Khulafa Ar-Rasyidin
Authors: Inayah Fitrah Rahma
Published: March 2021

Ekonomi islam telah menjadi sistem ekonomi yang dijalankan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW yang dibarengi dengan kebijakan-kebijakan Beliau yang menjadi salah satu kiblat atau pedoman bagi umat mulim dalam menjalankan aktivitas perekonomiannya. Maka setelah Beliau wafat, maka kepemimpinan akan diteruskan oleh para Khulafa Ar-rasyidin, baik dari segi kehidupan sosial hingga perekonomian negara. Maka tak dapat terelakkan meskipun menjalankan sistem ekonomi islam yang sama, namun tiap Khalifa berbeda dalam menjalankan kebijakan ekonomi fiskal dan moneter yang dihadirkan selaku pemimpin negara pada masanya. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan APBN serta sistem moneter dikelola dengan cermat, efektif dan efisien sehingga akan jarang terjadinya defiisit anggaran, sehingga pada masa Khulafa Ar-rasyidin baitul mal mengalami surplus yang besar.
KONSEP EKONOMI PADA MASA KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN (ABU BAKAR, UMAR, UTSMAN, ALI)
Authors: Bunayya Ahmad Mahdi
Published: March 2021

Setelah Rasulullah meninggal dunia, kaum muslimin membaiat Abu Bakar Ash Shiddiq menjadi seorang khalifah islam pertama. Kemudian menunjuk Umar bin Khattab sebagai khalifah islam kedua, Utsman sebagai khalifah Islam ketiga dan Ali sebagai khalifah keempat. Masing-masing mempunyai kebijakan ekonomi yang membuat Islam sangat berkembang pesat pada masanya.
Meminimalisir Ketidakstabilan Jadwal pada Industri Manufaktur di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Rizqi Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Ketidakstabilan kegiatan penjadwalan produksi adalah fenomena yang sulit dihindari, terutama pada industri yang beroperasional pada bidang manufaktur di era revolusi industri 4.0.Ketidakstabilan pada penjadwalan produksi dapat diminimalisir dengan cara implementasi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, mekanisme kordinasi dan mekanisme berbagi informasi melalui pesanan.Instability in production scheduling activities is a phenomenon that is difficult to avoid, especially in industries that operate in the manufacturing sector in industrial revolution 4.0.Schedule instability is minimized by implementing information and communication technology, communication, and exchange of information through orders.
Konsep Ekonomi Pada Masa Khulafaurasyidin
Authors: M Ummu Kaltsum.
Published: March 2021

catatan terkait dengan konsep ekonomi pada masa khulafaurasyidin
Konsep ekonomi pada masa khalifah
Authors: Susanti Nur Evi
Published: March 2021

Konsep ekonomi masa khalifah abu bakar al shiddiq , umar bin khattab,usman bin affan,ali bin abi tholib
Konsep ekonomi pada masa khalifah
Authors: septiani Dian
Published: March 2021

Terkait dengan konsep ekonomi pada masa khalifah
Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Masyarakat Khusus nya Dunia Ketenagakerjaan
Authors: Diba Fara Diba Salsabila
Published: March 2021

Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) membawa risiko bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan bahkan telah merenggut korban jiwa bagi yang terinfeksi di berbagai belahan penjuru dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) juga secara nyata telah mengganggu aktivitas ekonomi dan membawa implikasi besar bagi perekonomian sebagian besar negara-negara di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Perkembangan pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) juga berpotensi mengganggu aktivitas perekonomian di Indonesia. Salah satu implikasinya berupa penurunan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia yang diperkirakan dapat mencapai 4% (empat persen) atau lebih rendah, tergantung kepada seberapa lama dan seberapa parah penyebaran pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) mempengaruhi atau bahkan melumpuhkan kegiatan masyarakat dan aktivitas ekonomi.Kasus covid-19 muncul pertama kali di Wuhan, Cina, pada akhir tahun 2019. Penyebaran pandemi virus ini begitu cepat dari manusia ke manusia. Masuknya kasus wabah covid-19 ke Indonesia, diumumkan pada 2 Maret 2020. Upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mencegah penyebaran wabah covid-19 ini, antara lain dengan melakukan physical distancing, menggunakan masker, meliburkan sekolah, melakukan work from home, dan sebagainya. Adanya penyebaran wabah covid-19 yang begitu cepat ini, tentu saja membawa dampak terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Indonesia melakukan pembatasan keluar rumah, sehingga banyak sektor-sektor ekonomi tertentu yang terkena dampak negatif dari virus tersebut. Akibat Pandemi COVID 19, bagi pemerintah pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) adalah bertambahnya jumlah pengangguran yang dapat menimbulkan keresahan sosial.
Konsep Ekonomi pada masa Khalifah
Authors: Hikmah Nur
Published: March 2021

Setelah Nabi wafat, kaum Muslimin mengangkat Abu Bakar menjadi khalifah pertama. Abu Bakar mempunyai nama lengkap Abdullah bin Abu Quhafah al-Tamimi. Pemerintahan Abu Bakar tidak berlangsung lama, hanya sekitar dua tahun. Dalam kepemimpinannya, Abu Bakar menghadapi banyak masalah di negaranya, termasuk orang murtad, nabi palsu, dan pembangkang yang membayar zakat. Berdasarkan perbincangan dengan rekan-rekan lain, dia memutuskan untuk memerangi kumpulan itu melalui apa yang dikenali sebagai perang Riddah (perang melawan murtad).
RISKAYANTI.M 90100118027 TUGAS 1 SEJ. PEMIKIRAN ISLAM
Authors: Riskayanti.m
Published: March 2021

CATATAN TERKAIT KONSEP PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM
Slab temperature evolution over the lifetime of a subduction zone
Authors: Holt Adam , Condit Cailey
Published: March 2021

The thermal evolution of subducting slabs controls a range of subduction processes, yet we lack a robust understanding of how thermal structure develops over a subduction zone’s lifetime. We investigate the time-dependence of slab thermal structure using dynamically consistent, time evolving models. Pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions along the slab Moho and slab top exhibit substantial variability throughout the various phases of subduction: initiation, free sinking, mature subduction. This variability occurs in response to time-dependent subduction properties (e.g., fast vs. slow convergence) and thermal structure inherited from previous phases (e.g., due to upper plate aging). At a given depth, the slab cools rapidly during initiation, after which slower cooling occurs. In the case of the Moho, additional cooling occurs during the free sinking phase. We explore the implications of time-dependent thermal structure on exhumed rocks and slab dehydration. Modeled slab top P-T paths span much of the P-T space associated with exhumed rocks, suggesting a significant component of recorded variability may have dynamic origins. Coupling our P-T profiles with thermodynamic models of oceanic lithosphere, we show that dehydrating ultramafic rocks at the slab Moho provide the bulk of hydrous fluid at subarc depths during the earliest phases. Over subsequent phases, these rocks carry fluids into the deeper mantle, and it is mafic crust along the slab top that releases water at subarc depths. We conclude that varying subduction conditions, and non-steady-state thermal structure, challenge the utility of kinematically-driven models with constant subduction parameters, particularly for investigating thermal structure in the geological past.
Lavender aromatherapy: a systematic review from essential oil extraction and administration to cognitive enhancing effects.
Authors: Malloggi Eleonora , Menicucci Danilo , Cesari Valentina , Frumento Sergio , Gemignani Angelo , Bertoli Alessandra
Published: March 2021

Modern society is reviving the practice of aromatherapy, and lavender is reported to be the most worldwide purchased plant for essential oils (EO) extraction. Since odors can modulate cognitive functions acting through specific neuroanatomical pathways, lavender EO inhalation can enhance cognition. Taking into account EO quality and diffusion devices, we conducted a systematic review on the effects of lavender EO inhalation on arousal, attention and memory in healthy subjects. Starting from this new multidisciplinary perspective, cognitive effects were revised to link outcomes to effective and reproducible aromatherapy protocols. A systematic search on MEDLINE database using Cognitive Atlas and plant authenticity-related keywords was performed. Among the 806 articles yielded, 11 articles met eligibility criteria. Subjects administered with lavender EO displayed arousal decrease and sustained attention increase. Puzzling results were obtained regarding memory. Lack of EO quality assessment and high heterogeneity in inhalation protocols did not allow assessing whether different EO composition differently modulates cognition and whether placebo or expectancy effect can be discerned from EO effect itself. However, GABAergic pathway modulation exerted by linalool, a major lavender EO constituent, explains arousal reduction and sustained attention enhancement. In conclusion, aromatherapy can be an innovative, practical and non-invasive tool to prevent cognitive lapses.
Coming to terms: Social contracts and the attenuation of individual differences to conserve common goods
Authors: Bogg Tim
Published: March 2021

Throughout the coronavirus pandemic, state and federal authorities in the U.S. typically framed preventive guideline adherence as necessary to reduce risks of infection and disease, rather than as part of an exchange to conserve a common good, such as ICU capacity. This risk avoidance framing coincided with research showing an association between a variety of individual- (e.g., personality traits, social cognitions) and group-level factors (e.g., political party affiliation) and guideline adherence. These findings implicate various discretionary processes in the practice of adherence. While consistent with public health precepts for avoiding undue constraints on individual liberties, such processes can undermine the utility of guidelines. Given the confluence of individual and group effects on adherence, personality and social psychological approaches are well suited to inform public health research of the sort needed to test strategies for improving adherence at the population level (cf. Klein et al., 2013). A select list of relevant evidence- and theory-based constructs is presented that could inform research on the effects of the framing and terms of social contracts for guideline adherence. Ultimately, evidence for the utility of social contracts is derived from empirical tests of terms and framing that, when implemented, reduce the influence of discretionary processes on adherence and produce predominating effects for the terms themselves.
Beyond resilience: Promotive and protective traits that facilitate recovery during crisis
Authors: Tee Eugene Y Jin , Raja Reza Shah Raja Intan Arifah , Thomas Karuna S , Ng Siew Li , Phoo Evone Yee Mun
Published: March 2021

Resilience functions to promote psychological growth and buffer against the effects of negative events. Individual traits that promote optimal mental health beyond resilience, however, remain poorly understood. The current study addresses this gap through a positive psychology perspective. We examine how promotive traits – courage, optimism, hope, and protective traits – nostalgia, wisdom, and spirituality promote well-being and buffer against negative emotional states. We hypothesized that promotive traits will be positively related to well-being while protective traits will be negatively related to negative emotional states. Six-hundred and twenty-six (626) Malaysians responded to an online survey at the end of the country’s second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (June-September 2020). We conducted a series of regression analyses, controlling for resilience, socio-economic status, age, and perceptions towards government crisis management efforts. Results indicate that courage, optimism and hope positively predicted well-being. The strongest promotive trait contributing to well-being is hope. Results also showed that the only significant protective trait against negative emotional states is spirituality. Interestingly, nostalgia and wisdom positively predicted negative emotional states. Findings indicate that beyond resilience, courage, optimism, hope and spirituality are the strongest predictors of well-being and protect against negative emotional states amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are of theoretical relevance for resilience and positive psychology research, and practically beneficial in informing mental health interventions.
The influence of mass media on Italian web users during COVID-19: an infodemiological analysis.
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro , Castaldo Lucia
Published: March 2021

Alongside the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has had to face a growing infodemic, which has caused severe damage to economic and health systems and has often compromised the effectiveness of infection containment regulations. Although this has spread mainly through social media, there are numerous occasions in which the mass media have shared dangerous information, giving resonance to statements without a scientific basis. For these reasons, infoveillance and infodemiology methods are increasingly exploited to monitor online information traffic. However, these tools have also been used to make epidemiological predictions. In particular, the “Google Trends” tool by GoogleTM has often been adopted by the scientific community to carry out this type of analysis. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Italian mass media on users' web searches in order to understand the role of the media in the infodemic and in the interest of Italian web users towards COVID-19. In particular, our results suggest that the Italian mass media have played a decisive role both in the spread of the infodemic and in addressing netizens' web interest, favoring the adoption of terms unsuitable for identifying the novel coronavirus (COVID- 19 disease). Therefore, we suggest greater caution and attention by the directors of news channels and newspapers and greater control of the latter by government dissemination agencies.
Co-Creation of Innovative Gamification Based Learning: A Case of Synchronous Partnership
Authors: Dacre Nicholas , Gkogkidis Vasilis , Jenkins Peter
Published: March 2021

In higher education, gamification offers the prospect of providing a pivotal shift from traditional asynchronous forms of engagement, to developing methods to foster greater levels of synchronous interactivity and partnership between and amongst teaching and learning stakeholders. The small vein of research that focuses on gamification in teaching and learning contexts, has mainly focused on the implementation of pre- determined game elements. This approach reflects a largely asynchronous approach to the development of learning practices in educational settings, thereby limiting stakeholder engagement in their design and adoption. Therefore, we draw on the theory of co-creation to examine the development process of gamification-based learning as a synchronous partnership between and amongst teaching and learning stakeholders. Empirical insights suggest that students gain a greater sense of partnership and inclusivity as part of a synchronous co-creation gamification-based learning development and implementation process.
Are upper-secondary track decisions risky? Evidence from Sweden on the assumptions of risk-aversion models
Authors: Andersson Anton B , Barone Carlo , Hällsten Martin
Published: March 2021

Relative risk aversion (RRA) models explain social class inequalities in education with risk avoidance, i.e., the risky choice assumption (RCA). This assumption concerns risks related to more ambitious educational choices and has been subject to little explicit scrutiny. In this paper, we test whether or not vocational education is a safety net that protects from labor market marginalization. We present an empirical assessment of upper-secondary track choices in Sweden, contrasting the vocational and the academic tracks for those that do not pursue tertiary educational degrees. We use Swedish administrative data for all sibblings born 1972-1980 and fit sibling fixed effects models netting out unobserved time-constant confounders. The only evidence in favor of the RCA is that when taking selection into account, graduates of the academic track without a tertiary degree initially face higher risks of not being stably employed and registered as unemployed in their early 20s than their counterparts from vocational education. However, the academic tracks significantly protect men from the threat of entering unskilled routine occupations. We conclude that the support for the RCA is scant at best.
MEASUREMENT AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY RESPONSE BIAS IN EXPERIMENTAL VIGNETTE RESARCH: A TEST OF FAZIO’S MODE THEORY
Authors: Stolte John
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND. Experimental vignette research methods have been used to study a diverse range of theoretical and practical issues. Vignettes are designed to create hypothetical cultural/normative contexts for the study of variation in self-reported attitudes. A key problem in such research, however, is potential social desirability response bias. METHOD. A vignette experimental test of an hypothesis derived from a dual-process theory (the MODE framework initially developed by Fazio) linking explicit vs. implicit self-reported attitude measurement and social desirability response bias is reported here. RESULTS. The data show that measuring the social approval of a central vignette character explicitly results in greater social desirability responding than measuring such approval implicitly, supporting MODE theory. CONCLUSIONS. Vignette research methodologies provide a rich, flexible toolkit for studying many important social psychological topics, including issues of inequality and equity. However, researchers can and should design a measurement strategy that carefully manages inferences drawn in light of conditions likely to produce social desirability response bias.
Trade-Growth Nexus in Landlocked Developing Countries: A Quantile Regression Framework
Authors: Paudel Ramesh Chandra
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the trade growth nexus in landlocked developing countries. Landlockedness imposes exogenous costs to a country making import more expensive and exports uncompetitive. Despite this fact, landlocked countries also are in the process to be integrated with world but in slow pace. Initial income is one of the major determinants of economic growth in these countries whether they are poor or rich now, however, negative impact of Landlockedness seems more severe in economic growth of poor countries. Trade has a positive role in landlocked countries too to trade than the poor countries. Neighbour countries’ economic growth has level increases, it shifts towards industrialisation so that capital formation is more important compared to labour force until the economy converges to the developed economy.
Does Leadership Style Matter for Enhancing Economic Performance?
Authors: Budhathoki Krishnahari
Published: March 2021

This paper is an analysis of determinants of political leadership on economic performance. It reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on theroles of political leadership in economic growth. It adds to the literature on understanding of the impact of political leadership styles on economic advancement of a country, and suggests future directions for research in this area. Though qualitative method of inquiring on review of literature, the paper analyses the role of national political leadership style in the oretical basis of Goleman six leadership styles on the economic performance of a country like coaching, authoritative, afflictive,  democratize, pacesetting and coercive styles of leadership. This study primarily focuses on the leadership styles of the founding leader of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew (LKY) and his economic performance on Singapore's economy. Considering the history of great personalities in the world as true leaders, who have constructively changed the history of their nations, leadership style plays important role in formulating and implementing of economic policies and actions. The study shows that LKY embraces all leadership styles indifferent scope and heights to get positive economic performance and to avoid constraints of economic environment.
Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Acidic Extract of Bark of Eucalyptus Globulus on Mild Steel
Authors: Gupta Dipak Kumar , Awasthi Laxmi , Das Anju Kumari , Yadav Brahamdeo , Ghimire Anita , Yadav Amar Prasad
Published: March 2021

The corrosion inhibition properties of the acidic extract of Eucalyptus globulus (EG) was investigated for mild steel (MS) using the weight loss method and open circuit potential (OCP) measurement. Corrosion inhibition of MS in 0.1M HCl was studied in the absence and presence of various concentrations of the acidic extract of EG barks. The results showed an increase in corrosion inhibition with increasing concentration of the extract. The inhibition efficiency of 100% EG extract was approximately 98.0% after 24 hours immersion in the acidic solution. FTIR spectrum showed the presence of compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen functional groups responsible for forming barrier layers onto MS surface. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements showed that the EG extract acts as a mixed type inhibitor.
Pattern of Foreign Trade in Nepal
Authors: Bhagat Sadan Kumar
Published: March 2021

Most of the countries in the world strengthen their economic and political power with the help of foreign trade and it is advantageous for both importing and exporting countries. The situation of foreign trade is not good in Nepal. Nepal has imported almost 15 times greater than its export amount in Fiscal Year 2018/19.The import amount of only petroleum products was 2.62 times greater than its total export amount. The major contributors of foreign trade were India and China which covered 64.70 percent and 13.70 percent market share respectively during FY 2018/19. The objectives of this study were to examine the situation of foreign trade in Nepal, to highlight its positive aspects and to analyze the problems along with some measures to resolve the problems. To examine the situation of foreign trade in Nepal secondary data have been collected from government publications and analyzed after presenting in tables. Likewise, a cross-section of 50 respondents from various cities have been interviewed to collect primary data. Nepal was always in trade deficit which was increasing every year. Remittance inflow from migrant labors was a major source of foreign exchange which covered the payment of imported goods. The problems of foreign trade were landlocked country, transit and transport problems, illegal import-export, low value addition exportable commodities, incompetent Nepalese products in terms of cost and quality, poor physical infrastructure, industrial dependency on imported raw and intermediate materials, procedural problems created by foreign countries in the import-export of products, administrative hurdles etc.
Integrating E-learning for Administrative Staff Professional Development
Authors: Ajrouh Layla , Slamti Karima
Published: March 2021

Online learning is increasingly solicited around the world within and across several sectors. It also involves higher education (HE), as it operates in a global, unstable environment, where communication and information technology are the fundamental keys. This study seeks to examine the Moroccan employees’ perception of this innovative way of learning and its impact on their professional development. It also aims at investigating the presence of distance learning as an approach growing in popularity within the administration of Moroccan universities. This qualitative study uses a semi-structured interview with 76 employees in seven Moroccan Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The results reveal that the majority of participants have rarely used online learning, in spite of their willingness and insistence on its positive impact on their professional progress. The interviewees reported their proactive view to accelerate the implementation of digital learning to meet the world standards, as it would also serve as an appropriate way for their continuous professional development and their ability to face critical situations. The present research shows the significant necessity of integrating new ways of learning in Higher Education Administrations (HEAs). The present work assumes the research hypothesis H1: e-learning is not promoted for employees’ career advancement in Moroccan HEAs. This study recommends an anticipatory vision to transgress any reticence to change, since online learning approach would bring more productivity and success for the administrations and the employees themselves, as well as closer institutional alignment with the revolutionary digital world.
Analysis Name Entity Disambiguation Using Mining Evidence Method
Authors: Astari Adelya , Bijaksana Moch. Arif , Suryani Arie Ardiyanti
Published: March 2021

Hadith is the second guideline and source of Islamic teachings after the Qur'an. One of the most Saheeh hadith is the book of Saheeh al-Bukhaari. Hadith Sahih Bukhari has a chain of narrators, hadith numbers, and contents of different contents. This tradition also has science that discusses the history of the narrators of the hadith called the Science of Rijalul Hadith. In the Sahih Bukhari hadith there are the names of the narrators of the hadith who have the same name, causing obligation between names. That makes it difficult for many ordinary people to understand these ambiguous names because it is not yet known whether the two names are the same person or not. So, it raises the problem of a name ambiguation for ordinary people who cannot distinguish whether the name of the narrator is the same person or not. To solve these problems, a solution is built, namely the disambiguation of names to eliminate the ambiguity of the name by checking the name, hadith number, narrators chain, content topics, circles, countries, and companions of the Prophet that are seen from the 3 last names before the Prophet based on the chain of narrators. Also, the solution is assisted by using a method Mining Evidence with several other approaches, i.e. Association label documents, word association labels, context similarity, cosine similarity, and word2vec to obtain all similarity values between name entities. After the similarity values are obtained, the data are grouped using the Clustering algorithm. This system is expected to be able to produce a good system performance with a confusion matrix based on value precision, recall, and accuracy.
Performing Blackface on the Newfoundland Stage: The Rossleys, Transnational Connections, and Early Twentieth Century Theatre in St. John’s
Authors: Quigley Colleen , Templeton Melissa
Published: March 2021

The subject of race does not often breach the surface of contemporary theatre in Newfoundland. When it does, racial prejudice tends to be presented in ways that absolve white Newfoundlanders of guilt while echoing Canadian nationalist sentiments that position racism, especially anti-black racism, outside the country’s borders (see Robert Chafe’s play Oil and Water). This kind of narrative oversimplifies Newfoundland’s complicated history, creating its own racist paradigms of ignorance that fail to acknowledge the institutional discrimination, international influences, and local prejudices that inform racial construction on the island.

By contrast, this article considers how transnational racist ideologies shaped Newfoundland’s early theatre scene by looking at the unstudied popular performances of The Rossleys. The Rossleys, a vaudeville-style performance troupe active in St. John’s from 1911-1917, featured numerous acts that epitomized colonialist rhetoric surrounding race at that time. From Wild West-themed shows to Blackface Minstrelsy, The Rossleys performed derogatory stereotypes to the amusement of white Newfoundlanders. Their performances undermine contemporary idealized fictions that glorify Newfoundland and Canadian histories without adequate consideration of their racist pasts.

Studying the Rossleys highlights the transnational dimensions of racial construction on the island. Newfoundland held a peculiar space in North America at that time—not yet a part of Canada, the future of this British Dominion was still uncertain. In addition, the Rossleys were international figures; the husband and wife team immigrated from Scotland and England to the US (where they were active performers on the vaudeville circuit) and eventually established their company in Newfoundland, regularly bringing acts from Europe and the US to local theatres. This article discusses how racial ideologies in Newfoundland’s early theatre scene were shaped by complex transnational networks, and in doing so, exposes erasures caused by patriotic imaginings of a racism-free Canada.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DAN PERAN PENDAMPING DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUBE) MELATI 3 DI KELURAHAN GALUR
Authors: Nur Utami Nazera , Machdum Sari Viciawati
Published: March 2021

Permasalahan sosial yang dihadapi masyarakat adalah kemiskinan yang menyebabkan ketimpangan kelompok masyarakat. Untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat miskin, pemerintah melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat pada program kelompok usaha bersama (KUBE). Salah satunya adalah KUBE Melati 3 yang terletak di Kecamatan Johar Kelurahan Galur Jakarta Pusat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan partisipasi aktif dari anggota KUBE dan peranan pendamping. Partisipasi anggota digambarkan dalam mewujudkan keterampilan usaha kelompok, harapan membangun kelompok, berkolaborasi dalam pengambilan keputusan, menyumbangkan ide secara musyawarah, mengelola pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT), mengikuti perlombaan, dan iuran. Selanjutnya, pendamping KUBE Melati 3 melakukan peran fasilitatif, edukasional, representatif, dan peran teknik dalam upaya pemberdayaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap 10 orang informan yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling.
Editorial
Authors: Sanchez Andrew
Published: March 2021

This special issue of the Cambridge Journal of Anthropology entitled ‘Witnessing: truths, technologies, transformations’ is guest edited by Liana Chua and Omri Grinberg.