bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer peach preferences and purchasing behavior: a mixed methods study
Authors: Kelley Kathleen M , Primrose Rachel , Crassweller Robert , Hayes John E , Marini Richard
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Stokes) are grown in several regions throughout the USA, are eaten fresh, and used as ingredients in value‐added processed products. An Internet survey was conducted to investigate Mid‐Atlantic consumers' fresh and processed peach purchasing behaviors, and whether packaging certain numbers of peaches together, providing information about nutritional content, and other factors would increase purchases. Additionally, laboratory‐based sensory testing was used to better understand peel color, texture, sweetness, sourness, and flavor preferences for cultivars commonly grown in the Mid‐Atlantic region.

RESULTS

Irrespective of fresh peach consumption frequency, certain value‐added products were of interest. For some products, interest in purchasing was higher than reported purchasing behavior. Preference for certain fresh peach characteristics, such as peel color, differed between less frequent fresh peach consumers and those who consumed fresh peaches more often. Of the four peach cultivars included in the sensory test, most were liked; however, there were some cultivar differences pertaining to color, texture, sweetness, tartness, and flavor liking.

CONCLUSION

Potential marketing strategies can be developed based on frequency of fresh peach consumption and household demographics. Data can be used to select peaches that best appeal to consumers. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of muffins enriched with sour cherry pomace on acceptability, glycemic response, satiety and energy intake: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Bajerska Joanna , Mildner‐Szkudlarz Sylwia , Górnaś Paweł , Seglina Dalija
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Sour cherry pomace (CP), a by‐product obtained during fruit processing, was used to replace wheat flour in a muffin formula. The influence of the most sensory acceptable muffins on glycemic response, appetite sensation, and energy intake during subsequent meal in a randomized crossover trial was studied.

RESULTS

It is acceptable to incorporate up to 30% CP into muffin formulas. With CP‐treated muffins glucose responses were significantly lower at 30, 45, and 60 min intervals, and the incremental peak glucose was 0.40 and 0.60 mmol L−1 lower than for plain muffins (PM). The CP‐enriched muffins showed an incremental area under the blood glucose response curve values lower than that of PM. 20% CP and 30% CP resulted in improved satiety and induced a lower energy intake at a test meal ingested 3 h later (−13.7%; −15.1%) as compared to PM, respectively.

CONCLUSION

CP may be a good functional ingredient for bakery products that assists in managing glucose levels, satiety, and subsequent energy intake in healthy individuals. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Differentiation of high‐risk stage I and II colon tumors based on evaluation of CAV1 gene expression
Authors: Kitowska Agnieszka , Wesserling Martyna , Seroczynska Barbara , Szutowicz Andrzej , Ronowska Anna , Peksa Rafal , Pawelczyk Tadeusz
Published: August 2015

Background

Several molecular markers are currently being investigated for their prognostic or predictive value in colorectal cancer. One of the genes proposed, as a potential molecular marker in CRC is CAV1.

Methods

The level of CAV1 expression was investigated in low‐stage (I and II TNM) colon cancers using Real‐Time PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results

The level of CAV1 expression increased in tumors characterized by greater depths of invasiveness. The CAV1 expression level detected in tumors with a depth of invasion at stage T4 was significantly higher compared to that in T2 (P = 0.01) and T3 (P = 0.003) lesions. The length of a patient's survival depended on CAV1 expression level; the 10‐year survival rate for patients with elevated expression of CAV1 was ∼59% compared with 91% for patients with reduced or unchanged expression of CAV1 (P = 0.007). The overall survival rate of patients with T3 + T4 lesions was significantly lower (P = 0.006) for patients with tumor displaying elevated CAV1 expression compared with patients with reduced or unchanged CAV1 expression.

Conclusions

Evaluation of CAV1 expression offers valuable prognostic information for patients with colorectal cancer, and could be used to select patients with stage I or II disease, who are at increased risk of unfavorable outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:408–414. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanohybrid Polymeric Nucleating Agents: In Situ Decorated Carbon Nanotubes and Serial Nucleation Behaviors in a Melt‐Miscible Crystalline/Crystalline Blend
Authors: Ye Lijun , Ye Cuicui , Shi Xianchun , Wang Hengti , Zhao Hongyan , Cao Xiaojun , You Jichun , Li Yongjin , Liang Yuanyuan
Published: August 2015

Polymer carbon nanotube (PCN) nanocomposites based on a melt‐miscible poly(oxymethylene)/poly(l‐lactic acid) (POM/PLLA) blend and a trace of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been prepared by simple melt‐mixing. The crystallization behaviors of the ternary poly­mer–CNT nanocomposites (t‐PCNs) have been investigated. It is found that MWCNTs first nucleate POM selectively to yield novel “mace‐like” hybrid structure crystals. The “mace‐like” hybrid POM crystals subsequently serve as highly efficient polymeric nucleating agents (PNAs) for the crystallization of PLLA, leading to the remarkable enhancement of crystallization rate (vc) and crystallinity (Xc) of PLLA.

image
Polymerization Rate Considerations for High Molecular Weight Polyisoprene‐b‐Polystyrene‐b‐Poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) Triblock Polymers Synthesized Via Sequential Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Reactions
Authors: Mulvenna Ryan A. , Prato Rafael A. , Phillip William A. , Boudouris Bryan W.
Published: August 2015

The reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization mechanism is a powerful technique for synthesizing functional block polymers for myriad applications. Most kinetic studies regarding the RAFT mechanism have focused on low molecular weight homopolymer and block polymer syntheses using a dithiobenzoate chain transfer agent (CTA). Here, the polymerization kinetics are evaluated for a high molecular weight A‐B‐C triblock polymer system, polyisoprene‐b‐polystyrene‐b‐poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PI‐PS‐PDMA), using a trithiocarbonate agent for application of these types of polymers. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the polymerization of polyisoprene is the step that generates the block with the largest dispersity for high molecular weight PI‐PS‐PDMA polymers. As such, the kinetics of isoprene polymerization must be altered systematically for desired nanostructures to be formed. In addition, it is established that the PS and PDMA block additions exhibit polymerization rate retardation, which is due to slow chain fragmentation of the CTA, as demonstrated by the magnitudes of the equilibrium constants for both the styrene and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide reactions, and as calculated using ab initio modeling. This elucidation of the nature of the controlled RAFT mechanism provides a critical handle for the more precise design and control of other next‐generation high molecular weight block polymer systems that are polymerized using the RAFT mechanism.

image
Preparation of Lanthanide‐Polymer Composite Material via Click Chemistry
Authors: Chen Bin , Wen Guian , Wu Jiajie , Feng Jiachun
Published: August 2015

Covalently attaching lanthanide complexes to the polymer backbone can effectively reduce the clustering of lanthanides and thus become an important strategy to fully unleash their potential. In this Communication, a metal‐free click reaction is used for the first time to link a lanthanide complex to the polymer matrix. A diene‐bearing copolymer with anthracenylmethyl methacrylate as a monomer and a dienophile‐bearing lanthanide complex with 5‐maleimido‐1,10‐phenanthroline as the second ligand are synthesized and coupled together through a Diels–Alder cycloaddition (DA). A comparative investigation demonstrates that the composite material prepared by DA click reaction shows the highest quantum yields in the same lanthanide concentration as compared to materials prepared by widely used “directly doping” and “in situ coordinating lanthanide ions with macromolecular ligand” approaches. This work suggests that the “metal‐free” DA click reaction can be a promising tool in the synthesis of high efficient lanthanide functionalized polymeric materials.

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Reaction monitoring using online vs tube NMR spectroscopy: seriously different results
Authors: Foley David A. , Dunn Anna L. , Zell Mark T.
Published: August 2015

We report findings from the qualitative evaluation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) reaction monitoring techniques of how each relates to the kinetic profile of a reaction process. The study highlights key reaction rate differences observed between the various NMR reaction monitoring methods investigated: online NMR, static NMR tubes, and periodic inversion of NMR tubes. The analysis of three reaction processes reveals that rates derived from NMR analysis are highly dependent on monitoring method. These findings indicate that users must be aware of the effect of their monitoring method upon the kinetic rate data derived from NMR analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor inhibits neuromuscular junction maturation mediated by inTracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase
Authors: Song Wei , Jin Xiwan Albert
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) inhibits neuromuscular junction (NMJ) maturation. In this study we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process.

Methods

We used a patch‐clamp technique to measure spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) from innervated muscle cells in Xenopus nerve–muscle cocultures.

Results

In the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMK) inhibitor KN93, SSC amplitude (226.3 ± 26.5 pA), frequency (30.9 ± 10.1 events/min), and percentage of bell‐shaped amplitude distributions (47.1%) were reversed to control levels (286.7 ± 48.2 pA, 26.2 ± 5.8 events/min, and 47.1%, respectively). Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ by BAPTA‐AM or thapsigargin had similar reversal effects to KN93. In addition, cotreatment with both 2‐APB (IP3 receptor inhibitor) and TMB‐8 (ryanodine receptor inhibitor) also reversed the inhibitory effects of BDNF, as shown by the physiological parameters.

Conclusions

CaMK mediates the inhibitory effects of BDNF on NMJ maturation. Ca2+ released from intracellular stores through either IP3 receptors or ryanodine receptors regulates neurotrophic actions on NMJ maturation. Muscle Nerve 53: 593–597, 2016
Approach for needle insertion into the tibialis posterior: An ultrasonography study
Authors: Won Sun Jae , Yoon Joon Shik
Published: August 2015

Introduction: To avoid neurovascular damage by needle electrode insertion into the tibialis posterior, we used ultrasonography to determine the proper insertion point based on anatomic landmarks. Methods: Using ultrasonography, the safety window, the corrected safety window, and the depth of the tibialis posterior were measured at 4 points (the upper third and midpoint of the tibia using anterior and posterior approaches) in healthy volunteers. Results: The safety window at the midpoint for the posterior approach was significantly larger than at the other points. The corrected safety window could be defined only at the upper third for the anterior approach and at the midpoint for the posterior approach. Conclusions: Among the 4 points used for needle insertion into the tibialis posterior, the midpoint by the posterior approach may be the most favorable insertion point. The upper third may be better for the anterior approach. Muscle Nerve 53: 528–531, 2016
Robust recoverable perfect matchings
Authors: Dourado Mitre Costa , Meierling Dirk , Penso Lucia D. , Rautenbach Dieter , Protti Fabio , de Almeida Aline Ribeiro
Published: August 2015

We study perfect matchings in graphs that have the two properties of being robust as well as recoverable; where robust means that the failure of a set of not too many edges of can be compensated, and recoverable means that this compensation can be done in an efficient way, that is, has a perfect matching for which the symmetric difference of and is small. We establish the hardness of several related algorithmic problems and identify some tractable cases. Among others we show the hardness of the well known matching preclusion number of a graph. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 66(3), 210–213 2015
Analysis of expanded mixed finite element methods for the generalized forchheimer flows of slightly compressible fluids
Authors: Kieu Thinh T.
Published: August 2015

The nonlinear Forchheimer equations are used to describe the dynamics of fluid flows in porous media when Darcy's law is not applicable. In this article, we consider the generalized Forchheimer flows for slightly compressible fluids, and then study the expanded mixed finite element method applied to the initial boundary value problem for the resulting degenerate parabolic equation for pressure. The bounds for the solutions, time derivative, and gradient of solutions are established. Utilizing the monotonicity properties of Forchheimer equation and boundedness of solutions, a priori error estimates for solution are obtained in ‐norm, ‐norm as well as for its gradient in ‐norm for all . Optimal ‐error estimates are shown for solutions under some additional regularity assumptions. Numerical results using the lowest order Raviart–Thomas mixed element confirm the theoretical analysis regarding convergence rates. Published 2015. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 60–85, 2016
Mechanical and flammability characteristics of PC/ABS composites loaded with flyash cenospheres and multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Uzma  , Khan M. Ameen , Sailaja R.R.N.
Published: August 2015

PC/ABS nanocomposites have been developed using a mixture of acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNT) and aminoproply triethoxysilane‐treated cenospheres. The mechanical and flammability characteristics have been determined as per ASTM standards. The addition of a small quantity (∼1%) of MWCNT further enhanced the compressive strength by 70% while the compressive modulus doubled. The use of macrofiller in combination with the nanofillers led to synergism as observed by reduction of mean heat release rates for these composites. The formation of char residues and a uniform char layer has also been observed by thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. Both fillers were surface treated which in turn led to improved interfacial adhesion as analyzed by micromechanical models. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1043–1052, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Copolymerization of isoprene with ethylene catalyzed by cationic half‐sandwich fluorenyl scandium catalysts
Authors: Du Gaixia , Xue Jiaping , Peng Deqian , Yu Chao , Wang Hanghang , Zhou Yuening , Bi Jiaojiao , Zhang Shaowen , Dong Yuping , Li Xiaofang
Published: August 2015

Isoprene polymerization and copolymerization with ethylene can be carried out by using cationic half‐sandwich fluorenyl scandium catalysts in situ generated from half‐sandwich fluorenyl scandium dialkyl complexes Flu'Sc(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)n, activator, and AliBu3 under mild conditions. In the isoprene polymerization, all of these cationic half‐sandwich fluorenyl scandium catalysts exhibit high activities (up to 1.89 × 107 g/molSc h) and mainly cis−1,4 selectivities (up to 93%) under similar conditions. In contrast, these catalysts showed different activities and regio‐/stereoselectivities being significantly dependent on the substituents of the fluorenyl ligands in the copolymerization of isoprene with ethylene under an atmosphere of ethylene (1 atm) at room temperature, affording the random copolymers with a wide range of cis−1,4‐isoprene contents (IP content: 64 − 97%, cis−1,4‐IP units: 65 − 79%) or almost alternating copolymers containing mainly 3,4‐IP‐alt‐E or/and cis−1,4‐IP‐alt‐E sequences. Moreover, novel high performance polymers have been prepared via selective epoxidation of the vinyl groups of the 1,4‐isoprene units in the IP‐E copolymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2898–2907
Synthesis of high‐order multiblock core cross‐linked star polymers
Authors: McKenzie Thomas G. , Ren Jing M. , Dunstan Dave E. , Wong Edgar H. H. , Qiao Greg G.
Published: August 2015

Core cross‐linked star (CCS) polymers with radiating arms composed of high‐order multiblock copolymers have been synthesized in a one‐pot system via iterative copper‐mediated radical polymerization. The employed “arm‐first” technique ensures the multiblock sequence of the macroinitiator is carried through to the star structure with no arm defects. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by the synthesis of three distinct star polymers with differing arm compositions, two with an alternating ABABAB block sequence and one with six different block units (i.e. ABCDEF). Owing to the star architecture, CCS polymers in which the arm composition consists of alternating hydrophilic–hydrophobic (ABABAB) segments undergo supramolecular self‐assembly in selective solvents, whereas linear polymers with the same block sequence did not yield self‐assembled structures, as evidenced by DLS analysis. The combination of microstructural and topological control in CCS polymers offers exciting possibilities for the development of tailor‐made nanoparticles with spatially defined regions of functionality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 135–143
Catalytic [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition polymerization of diyne–nitrile monomers in the presence of CoCl2‐6H2O/diphosphine/Zn
Authors: Sugiyama Yu‐ki , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: August 2015

Cobalt‐catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cocycloaddition reaction of 1,6‐diynes and nitriles to generate substituted pyridines has been applied to the polymerization of diyne–nitrile monomers, the reaction of which proceeded smoothly in a step‐growth fashion to provide linear polymers comprising pyridine structures in the main chain. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 345–351
Hyperbranched block copolymer from AB2 macromonomer: Synthesis and its reaction‐induced microphase separation in epoxy thermosets
Authors: Li Jingang , Xiang Yixin , Zheng Sixun
Published: August 2015

In this contribution, we reported the synthesis of a hyperbranched block copolymer composed of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and polystyrene (PS) subchains. Toward this end, we first synthesized an α‐alkynyl‐ and ω,ω′‐diazido‐terminated PCL‐b‐(PS)2 macromonomer via the combination of ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. By the use of this AB2 macromonomer, the hyperbranched block copolymer (h‐[PCL‐b‐(PS)2]) was synthesized via a copper‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (i.e., click reaction) polymerization. The hyperbranched block copolymer was characterized by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Both differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy showed that the hyperbranched block copolymer was microphase‐separated in bulk. While this hyperbranched block copolymer was incorporated into epoxy, the nanostructured thermosets were successfully obtained; the formation of the nanophases in epoxy followed reaction‐induced microphase separation mechanism as evidenced by atomic force microscopy, small angle X‐ray scattering, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 368–380
High‐performance alternating current electroluminescent layers solution blended with mechanically and electrically robust nonradiating polymers
Authors: Jo Seong Soon , Cho Sung Hwan , Kim Hae Jin , Nam Taewook , Hwang Ihn , Jung Seok‐Heon , Kim Richard Hahnkee , Velusamy Dhinesh Babu , Lee Ju Han , Park Taejoon , Lee Jin Kyun , Kim Dae‐Eun , Lee Hyungsuk , Kim Hyungjun , Park Cheolmin
Published: August 2015

Organic and polymeric electroluminescent (EL) devices working under alternating current (AC) electricity have drawn technological attention due to their light‐emitting principles and have great potential for applications. In spite of recent advances in AC EL devices, mechanically robust, patternable full‐color emission layers with high brightness have rarely been demonstrated. In this manuscript, we report high‐performance full‐color AC EL devices with nonradiating polymers solution blended in fluorescent polymer emissive layers. Conventional nonradiating polymers such as poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(α‐methyl styrene) in an emissive layer enhanced the brightness of individual red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors to several thousand cd m−2. Systematic investigation revealed bi‐functional roles of PS not only as a diluting agent but also as an electron capturer. This resulted in the hole and electron carriers being balanced in the emissive layer, leading to improved power and current efficiency. Furthermore, our blended emission film consisting of 83 vol % PS is mechanically robust with excellent surface adhesion as well as uniformity, when combined with scratch‐tolerant AC device architecture, not only resulted in large area cell operation but also allowed for a solution‐based pattern‐mask process, giving rise to well‐defined R, G, and B cells individually addressable in a single device platform. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1629–1640
The impact of Eastman's aniline plant explosion on process safety awareness
Authors: Lodal Peter N.
Published: August 2015

A single presentation covering one person's first‐hand experience with a significant process safety incident, delivered at the beginning of OSHA's PSM regulation still provides contemporary lessons, even though the actual incident occurred more than 50 years ago. Lessons include: (a) stopping operations unilaterally or getting expert help when readings are unexpected or unusual, (b) establishment of a testing regimen that covers a broad range of conditions, especially those that can be achieved under abnormal circumstances (e.g., fire), and (c) the impact of “restore to original condition” maintenance activities that otherwise might not be analyzed if treated as a replacement‐in‐kind only. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 35: 103–106, 2016
An authentication strategy based on spatiotemporal chaos for software copyright protection
Authors: Cao Lvchen , Luo Yuling , Bi Jinjie , Qiu Senhui , Lu Zhenkun , Harkin Jim , McDaid Liam
Published: August 2015

An authentication strategy is proposed in this paper for embedded system software copyright protection. It employs a chaotic coupled map lattices (CML) system to generate the pseudo‐random numbers, which are used to construct message authentication codes (MAC) for embedded system authentication. The CML has multiple lattices where the adjacent lattices have coupled effect. When the system initial condition (e.g. lattice values and system parameters) has a marginal change, the output will have a significant change. Therefore, the proposed scheme is highly secure as the final MAC is almost impossible to be compromised. The experiment is conducted on the platform of field programmable gate array, and its corresponding results demonstrate that the proposed strategy achieved a good security performance, a high computing speed and a relatively low area overhead. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the body in social cognition
Authors: Uithol Sebo , Gallese Vittorio
Published: August 2015

In this review, we discuss the actual and active dependence of social cognitive processes on the body, i.e., that part of the organism beyond the central nervous system. In particular, we will discuss mirror mechanisms, and assess the extent to which the body is recruited during these processes. We show that for emotion mirroring, this dependency is well‐documented, but for action mirroring far less so. By reviewing these mechanisms and processes while contrasting body from brain, and social from general cognition, we show that both contrasts are arbitrary and problematic and that any study of cognitive processes, both social and general, should take the body into account. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:453–460. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1357

This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Behavior

Neuroscience > Cognition

Neuroscience > Physiology
Failure rate, repair time and unscheduled O&M cost analysis of offshore wind turbines
Authors: Carroll James , McDonald Alasdair , McMillan David
Published: August 2015

Determining and understanding offshore wind turbine failure rates and resource requirement for repair are vital for modelling and reducing O&M costs and in turn reducing the cost of energy. While few offshore failure rates have been published in the past even less details on resource requirement for repair exist in the public domain. Based on ~350 offshore wind turbines throughout Europe this paper provides failure rates for the overall wind turbine and its sub‐assemblies. It also provides failure rates by year of operation, cost category and failure modes for the components/sub‐assemblies that are the highest contributor to the overall failure rate. Repair times, average repair costs and average number of technicians required for repair are also detailed in this paper. An onshore to offshore failure rate comparison is carried out for generators and converters based on this analysis and an analysis carried out in a past publication. The results of this paper will contribute to offshore wind O&M cost and resource modelling and aid in better decision making for O&M planners and managers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two CdII/CoII‐Imidazolate Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Stabilities, and Luminescent/Magnetic Properties
Authors: Mondal Suvendu Sekhar , Behrens Karsten , Kelling Alexandra , Nabein Hans‐Peter , Schilde Uwe , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: August 2015

Cadmium(II) based 2D coordination polymer [Cd(L1)2(DMF)2] (1) (L1 = 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐methylimidazolate, DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide) and 2D cobalt(II)‐imidazolate framework [Co(L3)4] (2) (L3 = 4,5‐diamide‐2‐ethoxyimidazolate) were synthesized under solvothermal reaction conditions. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction measurement (PXRD) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 has hexacoordinate CdII ions and forms a zigzag chain‐like coordination polymer structure, whereas compound 2 exhibits a 2D square grid type structure. The thermal stability analysis reveals that 2 showed an exceptional thermal stability up to 360 °C. Also, 2 maintained its fully crystalline integrity in boiling water as confirmed by PXRD. The solid state luminescent property of 1 was not observed at room temperature. Compound 2 showed an independent high spin central CoII atom.
Reactions of Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes with ­Bis(tert‐butoxy)acetylene – Coordination and C–O Bond Cleavage
Authors: Altenburger Kai , Arndt Perdita , Spannenberg Anke , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: August 2015

The reactivity of the bis‐oxygen substituted alkyne bis(tert‐butoxy)acetylene (3) towards titanocene‐ and zirconocene complexes of btmsa [btmsa = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene] was investigated. Those metallocenes with unsubstituted Cp ligands (Cp = η5‐cyclopentadienyl) afforded metallacyclopropenes by alkyne replacement, but only in low yields. The metallocenes bearing the sterically more demanding Cp* ligands (Cp* = η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) do not engage in replacement reactions with the alkyne 3. If titanocene monochloride is present in the reaction mixture of Cp2Ti(η2‐btmsa) with the alkyne 3, a rather unusual Calkyne–O bond cleavage occurs. The so‐formed acetylide moiety bridges two titanocene centres with an end‐on σ coordination to one of them and a π‐side‐on one to the other. This complex was investigated by X‐ray crystallography and temperature dependent NMR spectroscopy, revealing an unusual behavior.
Metamodeling and robust minimization approach for the identification of elastic properties of composites by vibration method
Authors: Auzins Janis , Chate Andris , Rikards Rolands , Skukis Eduards
Published: August 2015

This paper describes a method for determination of elastic parameters (elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio) of orthotropic composite plate‐type structural elements using the results of natural frequency measurements. The identification of parameter values is provided by minimization of weighted squared difference (discrepancy) between physically measured frequencies and natural frequencies calculated by Finite Element Method. The metamodels for the frequency dependence on the elastic parameters and other geometrical and physical parameters of test specimens, including parameters with uncertainty (“noisy constants”) are built using experimental designs optimized according to the Mean Squared Error space filling criterion and third‐order polynomial approximations. The minimum of weighted squared difference between measured and calculated frequencies is found using the multistart random search method. The expressions for standard deviations of identified parameters depending on deviations of “noisy constants” are derived using linearized metamodels. The expressions for identification errors allow the statement of the identification task as a robust minimization problem by simultaneous minimization of the discrepancy function and standard deviations of the identified values by varying the values of unknown elastic parameters and weighting coefficients for different frequencies. The partial scaling of natural frequencies is used for the reduction of the uncertainty impact on the identification error. This allows reducing the identification error of elastic moduli about two times and Poisson's ratio about 20 times in comparison with the results obtained by using dimensioned frequencies.
Exclusive radiative Higgs decays as probes of light-quark Yukawa couplings
Authors: König Matthias , Neubert Matthias
Published: August 2015

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the rare exclusive Higgs boson decays into a single vector meson and a photon and investigate the possibility of using these processes to probe the light-quark Yukawa couplings. We work with an effective Lagrangian with modified Higgs couplings to account for possible new-physics effects in a model-independent way. The h → Vγ decay rate is governed by the destructive interference of two amplitudes, one of which involves the Higgs coupling to the quark anti-quark pair inside the vector meson. We derive this amplitude at next-to-leading order in α

s
using QCD factorization, including the resummation of large logarithmic corrections and accounting for the effects of flavor mixing. The high factorization scale μ ∼ m

h
ensures that our results are rather insensitive to the hadronic parameters characterizing the light-cone distribution amplitude of the vector meson. The second amplitude arises from the loop-induced effective hγγ
* and hγZ
* couplings, where the off-shell gauge boson converts into the vector meson. We devise a strategy to eliminate theoretical uncertainties related to this amplitude to almost arbitrary precision. This opens up the possibility to probe for

$$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$

O

1

modifications of the c- and b-quark Yukawa couplings and

$$ \mathcal{O}(30) $$

O

30

modifications of the s-quark Yukawa coupling in the high-luminosity LHC run. In particular, we show that measurements of the ratios Br(h → Υ(nS)γ)/Br(h → γγ) and

$$ \mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}\left(h\to b\overline{b}\right)/\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}\left(h\to \gamma \gamma \right) $$

B
r

h
→
b

b
¯

/
B
r

h
→
γ
γ

can provide complementary information on the real and imaginary parts of the b-quark Yukawa coupling. More accurate measurements would be possible at a future 100 TeV proton-proton collider.
Breast Cancer Risk Perceptions among Relatives of Women with Uninformative Negative BRCA1/2 Test Results: The Moderating Effect of the Amount of Shared Information
Authors: Himes Deborah O. , Clayton Margaret F. , Donaldson Gary W. , Ellington Lee , Buys Saundra S. , Kinney Anita Y.
Published: August 2015

The most common result of BRCA1/2 mutation testing when performed in a family without a previously identified mutation is an uninformative negative test result. Women in these families may have an increased risk for breast cancer because of mutations in non‐BRCA breast cancer predisposition genes, including moderate‐ or low‐risk genes, or shared environmental factors. Genetic counselors often encourage counselees to share information with family members, however it is unclear how much information counselees share and the impact that shared information may have on accuracy of risk perception in family members. We evaluated 85 sisters and daughters of women who received uninformative negative BRCA1/2 results. We measured accuracy of risk perception using a latent variable model where accuracy was represented as the correlation between perceived risk (indicators = verbal and quantitative measures) and calculated risk (indicators = Claus and BRCAPRO). Participants who reported more information was shared with them by their sister or mother about her genetic counseling session had greater accuracy of risk perception (0.707, p = 0.000) than those who reported little information was shared (0.326, p = 0.003). However, counselees shared very little information; nearly 20 % of family members reported their sister or mother shared nothing with them about her genetic counseling. Family members were generally not aware of the existence of a genetic counseling summary letter. Our findings underscore the need for effective strategies that facilitate counselees to share information about their genetic counseling sessions. Such communication may help their relatives better understand their cancer risks and enhance risk appropriate cancer prevention.
The impact of state policy on teen dating violence prevalence
Authors: Hoefer Richard , Black Beverly , Ricard Mark
Published: August 2015

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious public health concern that is associated with many negative effects. Studies on TDV prevention most often focus on the evaluation of prevention programs in school and community settings. Much less is known about the effects of policy on TDV prevalence. This study tests a model to explain whether stronger laws regarding TDV, specifically civil protection orders, have an impact on TDV rates in states. Results show that stronger policy, Democratic party control of the governor's office, and higher state median income are associated with lower rates of TDV. This study provides solid information regarding the role of civil protection orders as a means of TDV prevention and adds to our knowledge of the efficacy of state‐level TDV policy. The information can lead to increased vigor on the part of advocates to strive for specific provisions in the law and to work for gubernatorial candidates who will support such laws.
Cooperating Teachers’ Impact on Preservice Social Studies Teachers’ Autonomous Practices: A Multi-Case Study
Authors: Tannebaum Rory P.
Published: August 2015

This multi-case study explores the impact of cooperating teachers (CTs) on the autonomous pedagogical practices of preservice social studies teachers at a large southeastern university. The study examines participants’ written reflections, social studies teaching philosophies, lesson plans, and interview transcripts to identify how field placements and, more specifically, cooperating teachers directly influence the autonomous decision-making practices of student teachers (STs). The author will discuss the socialization of the participants and the role of the CTs in both preventing and promoting the autonomous practices of the STs as they attempted to fulfill their identified aims of education. The case will be made for a revision of field experiences to promote teacher autonomy through better reflection on the part of STs.
3. Characteristics of Glioblastoma in Latino Americans
Authors: Yong W.H. , Shabihkhani M. , Telesca D. , Behbahanian Y. , Gupta D. , Pourtabatabaei N.
Published: August 2015

Latino Americans are a rapidly growing ethnic group in the United States. The characteristics of glioblastoma in this population is poorly studied. We have evaluated the data of 47,540 glioblastoma patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute. This SEER data from 1973-2000 includes up to 13 cancer registries. For 2001 to 2011, the data has improved geographic coverage with 18 registries encompassing 28% of the U.S. population.

Latinos have a lower incidence of GBM than non-Latino Whites. Gender distribution is similar. The total SEER data show that Latinos present slightly younger and have a higher incidence of giant cell glioblastoma and gliosarcoma than non-Latino Whites. Despite higher rates of radiation therapy, the one year survival rate (34.7%) for non-Latino White populations is less than for Latinos (39.0%, p <0.001). Subset analyses (2001-2011) of all the above parameters show similar results except for gliosarcoma incidence. A literature search does not identify MGMT or IDH1 data regarding Latino Americans.

We have assessed 2 prognostic markers in 30 Latino glioblastoma patients. MGMT methylation is present in 24% and IDH1 mutation is found in 12.5%. Our preliminary data suggests that Latinos may have a greater incidence of MGMT unmethylated tumors. Younger age may possibly contribute to improved survival in Latinos but the underlying molecular basis is unresolved.
7. The pathogenesis of Friedreich cardiomyopathy: myocarditis
Authors: Koeppen A.H. , Ramirez R.L. , Becker A.B. , Bjork S.T. , Feustel P.J. , Mazurkiewicz J.E.
Published: August 2015

Frataxin deficiency causes the complex neurological and cardiac phenotype of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). The most common cause of death is cardiomyopathy. The results presented here are based on a systematic study of fixed and frozen archival heart specimens and include measurement of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, frataxin assay, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry of these metals in digests of left ventricular wall (LVW), right ventricular wall (RVW), and ventricular septum (VS), Fe histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry and double-label immunofluorescence microscopy of cytosolic and mitochondrial ferritins, and of the inflammatory markers CD68 and hepcidin. Frataxin levels in LVW were extremely low at less than 15 ng/g wet weight (normal: 214.1±81.2). On cross-sections, cardiomyocytes were significantly larger than normal with case means ranging from 635-1856 μm2 for LVW and 483-1150 μm2 for VS (normal LVW, 140-460; normal VS, 237-613). Fe accumulations varied from minute granules to coarse aggregates in fibers undergoing phagocytosis. Measured by XRF, regional Fe concentration in LVW and VS were significantly increased while Zn remained normal. Total heart Fe and Zn did not differ from normal levels. Cytosolic and mitochondrial ferritins exhibited extensive co-localization, representing translational and transcriptional responses to Fe, respectively. All cases met the criteria of myocarditis. Inflammatory cells contained CD68 and ferritin, and most expressed the Fe-regulatory hormone hepcidin. In conclusion, inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of FA cardiomyopathy, and hepcidin-induced retention of Fe in macrophages contributes to cardiac damage in FRDA.
10. Cerebral hyaline astrocytic inclusions in treatment-resistant epilepsy and global developmental delay
Authors: Signaevski M. , Sanguansermsri C. , Connolly M. , Hazrati LN. , Dunham C.
Published: August 2015

Cerebral hyaline astrocytic inclusions (HAI) have been observed in a subset of patients with epilepsy, structural brain anomalies, and developmental delay. We present a case of a 2.5-year-old male with epilepsy and global developmental delay. Chromosomal microarray detected a copy loss at 22q13 that resulted in a partial deletion of SHANK3 gene. The EEGs revealed seizure activity arising from left frontal central region. Invasive video electrocorticography captured clusters of epileptic spasms, all originating from left antero-lateral frontal lobe rostral to the motor cortex. We utilized routine histology to identify the inclusions and mapped their distribution in the resected portion of the cortex against electrocorticographic data. Histologic analysis revealed the presence of HAI in the posterio-medial portion of the resected cortex, which corresponded to the site of seizure generalization. HAI were present at the resection margin. Immunohistochemistry was largely non-contributory. HAI is a rare but emerging entity that is associated with epilepsy. To our knowledge, the distribution of inclusions in HAI has never been mapped to electrophysiologic data. In our case, seizure generalization correlated with the inclusions distribution. This suggests that the inclusions may: 1) play a role in epileptogenesis; or, 2) be a biomarker of disease distribution. Finally, the presence of the HAI at the resection margin may foreshadow future seizure activity in this patient.
14. Pre-symptomatic detection of cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation using tissue-engineered skin model derived from C9ORF72-FALS patients
Authors: Paré B. , Touzel-Deschênes L. , Lamontagne R. , Lamarre M-S. , Scott F-D. , Gaudet C. , Khuong H.T. , Dion P. , Saikali S. , Bouchard J-P. , Gould P.V. , Rouleau G. , Dupré N. , Berthod F. , Gros-Louis F.
Published: August 2015

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset disease characterized by the selective degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord resulting in progressive paralysis and death. Current diagnosis of ALS is based on clinical assessment of related symptoms, which appear only late in the disease course after degeneration of a significant number of motor neurons. As a result, the identification and development of disease-modifying therapies is difficult, making ALS an incurable disease. Novel strategies for early diagnosis of ALS, to monitor disease progression and to assess response to existing and future treatments are urgently needed.

Many neurological disorders, including ALS, are accompanied by skin changes that often precede the onset of neurological symptoms. We have developed a unique ALS tissue-engineered skin model (ALS-TES), derived from the cells of ALS patients, in order to study the earliest stages of ALS-related skin pathology. For each participant, two skin biopsies were collected using a 6-mm diameter punch biopsy. Tissue-engineered skin was then generated from isolated keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and examined by routine histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, as well as by confocal microscopy. The ALS-TES model presents a number of striking features including altered epidermal differentiation, abnormal dermo-epidermal junction, delamination, keratinocyte infiltration, collagen disorganization and cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions, which are not seen in skin models derived from healthy subjects. The same abnormal skin model changes were detected skin models derived from the cells of pre- symptomatic C9orf72-linked ALS patients carrying the GGGGCC DNA repeat expansion. Consequently, our ALS-TES skin model could represent a renewable source of human tissue to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms underlying this disease, including cytoplasmic TDP43 accumulation, and lead to better tools for early diagnosis and disease monitoring.
The all-diode-pumped laser system POLARIS – an experimentalist’s tool generating ultra-high contrast pulses with high energy
Authors: Hornung Marco , Liebetrau Hartmut , Seidel Andreas , Keppler Sebastian , Kessler Alexander , Körner Jörg , Hellwing Marco , Schorcht Frank , Klöpfel Diethard , Arunachalam Ajay K. , Becker Georg A. , Sävert Alexander , Polz Jens , Hein Joachim , Kaluza Malte C.
Published: August 2015

The development, the underlying technology and the current status of the fully diode-pumped solid-state laser system POLARIS is reviewed. Currently, the POLARIS system delivers 4 J energy, 144 fs long laser pulses with an ultra-high temporal contrast of

$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}5\times 10^{12}$

for the ASE, which is achieved using a so-called double chirped-pulse amplification scheme and cross-polarized wave generation pulse cleaning. By tightly focusing, the peak intensity exceeds

$3.5\times 10^{20}\ \mathrm{W\ cm}^{-2}$

. These parameters predestine POLARIS as a scientific tool well suited for sophisticated experiments, as exemplified by presenting measurements of accelerated proton energies. Recently, an additional amplifier has been added to the laser chain. In the ramp-up phase, pulses from this amplifier are not yet compressed and have not yet reached the anticipated energy. Nevertheless, an output energy of

$16.6\ \mathrm{J}$

has been achieved so far.
Unstable mixed convection in a heated inclined porous channel
Authors: Sphaier L. A. , Barletta A. , Celli M.
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a stability analysis of a mixed convection problem in an inclined parallel-plate channel with uniform heating (or cooling) from the top and bottom. The channel is filled with a saturated homogeneous porous medium and the momentum equation is given by Darcy’s model. A forced through-flow is prescribed across the channel. Linear stability analysis is thus employed to determine the onset of thermoconvective instability. The channel inclination is shown to play an important role in the stability of the problem, where two different regimes can be present: a buoyancy-assisted regime and a buoyancy-opposed regime. The analysis of the problem leads to a differential eigenvalue problem composed of a system of four complex-valued equations that are used to determine the critical values of the Rayleigh number leading to an instability under different problem configurations. This eigenproblem is solved by employing the generalised integral transform technique (GITT), in which simpler real eigenfunction bases are used to expand the complex eigenproblem. The results indicate that the longitudinal rolls are always more unstable than oblique and transverse rolls. For a buoyancy-opposed regime, even with a very small channel inclination angle, the basic through-flow is always unstable. This result has an important implication for experimental research, as it shows that a perfect alignment must be employed for horizontal mixed-convection experiments to avoid instabilities that arise in the buoyancy-opposed regime.
Pressure gradient induced generation of microbubbles
Authors: Evangelio A. , Campo-Cortés F. , Gordillo J. M.
Published: August 2015

We provide a detailed physical description of the bubble formation processes taking place in a type of flow where the liquid pressure gradient can be straightforwardly controlled. The analysis, which is supported by an exhaustive experimental study in which the liquid viscosity is varied by three orders of magnitude, provides closed expressions for both the bubbling frequencies and the bubble diameters. Different equations are obtained depending on the values of the three dimensionless parameters characterizing this physical situation, namely the Weber and Reynolds numbers and the gas to liquid flow rate ratio. Since both the inertia dominated and viscous dominated bubbling regimes are simply described in terms of the local pressure gradient and the flow rate ratio, the same types of ideas can be applied in the design of bubble makers in which the pressure gradients are controlled in completely different ways.