bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full Stokes polarimetry based on an inverse-designed multi-foci metalens
Authors: Wang Shuyi , Hu Tie , Wang Shichuan , Wei Yunxuan , Mei Zihan , Yan Bing , Zhou Wenhong , Yang Zhenyu , Zheng JinKun , Peng YuanLong , Zhao Ming
Published: February 2024

In the realm of metasurface-based polarimetry, well-known for its remarkable compactness and integration capabilities, previous attempts have been hindered by limitations such as the restricted choices of target polarization states and the inefficient focusing of light. To address these problems, this study introduces and harnesses a novel, to our knowledge, forward-solving model, grounded in the equivalence principle and dyadic Green’s function, to inversely optimize the vectorial focusing patterns of metalenses. Leveraging this methodology, we develop and experimentally validate a single multi-foci metalens-based polarimeter, capable of simultaneously separating and concentrating four distinct elliptical polarization states at a wavelength of 10.6 µm. Rigorous experimental evaluations, involving the assessment of 18 scalar polarized beams, reveal an average error of 5.92% and a high contrast ratio of 0.92, which demonstrates the efficacy of the polarimeter. The results underscore the potential of our system in diverse sectors, including military defense, healthcare, and autonomous vehicle technology.
Widefield functional speckle-correlation optical scattering mesoscopy toward hemodynamic imaging
Authors: Zhang Ruifeng , Fei Liang , Liu Xiangru , Sun Yunxu , Xu Xiaochuan , Liu Shutian , Liu Zhengjun , Xu Lingji , Liu Wei
Published: February 2024

Speckle-correlation optical scattering imaging (SCOSI) has shown the potential for non-invasive biomedical diagnostic applications, which directly utilizes the scattering patterns to reconstruct the deep and non-line-of-sight objects. However, the course of the translation of this technique to preclinical biomedical imaging applications has been postponed by the following two facts: 1) the field of view of SCOSI was significantly limited by the optical memory effect, and 2) the molecular-tagged functional imaging of the biological tissues remains largely unexplored. In this work, a proof-of-concept design of the first-generation widefield functional SCOSI (WF-SCOSI) system was presented for simultaneously achieving mesoscopic mapping of fluid morphology and flow rate, which was realized by implementing the concepts of scanning synthesis and fluorescence scattering flowmetry. The ex vivo imaging results of the fluorescence-labeled large-scale blood vessel network phantom underneath the strong scatters demonstrated the effectiveness of WF-SCOSI toward non-invasive hemodynamic imaging applications.
Spectral causality-induced optical isolation in a non-Hermitian-modulated photonic cavity
Authors: Pandey Awanish
Published: February 2024

An optical isolator is reported using a coupled cavity photonic molecule. It is shown that by non-Hermitian modulation of the coupling between the cavities, spectral causal and anti-causal response from the cavity can be obtained allowing the flexibility to regulate power between different Floquet modes. The distribution of optical energy between the Floquet modes is exploited to realize an optical isolator by cascading two modulators with a passive filter in between. A complete and general analytical model is developed for the non-Hermitian modulation, and the cavity parameters are optimized to ensure efficient operation. The reported results underscore the potential of dynamic photonic molecules and open new possibilities for simultaneous concurrent phase and loss dynamics in such systems.
A scalable cavity-based spin–photon interface in a photonic integrated circuit
Authors: Chen Kevin C. , Christen Ian , Raniwala Hamza , Colangelo Marco , De Santis Lorenzo , Shtyrkova Katia , Starling David , Murphy Ryan , Li Linsen , Berggren Karl , Dixon P. Benjamin , Trusheim Matthew , Englund Dirk
Published: February 2024

A central challenge in quantum networking is transferring quantum states between different physical modalities, such as between flying photonic qubits and stationary quantum memories. One implementation entails using spin–photon interfaces that combine solid-state spin qubits, such as color centers in diamond, with photonic nanostructures. However, while high-fidelity spin–photon interactions have been demonstrated on isolated devices, building practical quantum repeaters requires scaling to large numbers of interfaces yet to be realized. Here, we demonstrate integration of nanophotonic cavities containing tin-vacancy (SnV) centers in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). Out of a six-channel quantum microchiplet (QMC), we find four coupled SnV-cavity devices with an average Purcell factor of ∼7. Based on system analyses and numerical simulations, we find with near-term improvements this multiplexed architecture can enable high-fidelity quantum state transfer, paving the way toward building large-scale quantum repeaters.
Reliable intracavity reflection for self-injection locking lasers and microcomb generation
Authors: Shen Bitao , Zhang Xuguang , Wang Yimeng , Tao Zihan , Shu Haowen , Chang Huajin , Li Wencan , Zhou Yan , Ge Zhangfeng , Chen Ruixuan , Bai Bowen , Chang Lin , Wang Xingjun
Published: February 2024

Self-injection locking has emerged as a crucial technique for coherent optical sources, spanning from narrow linewidth lasers to the generation of localized microcombs. This technique involves key components, namely a laser diode and a high-quality cavity that induces narrow-band reflection back into the laser diode. However, in prior studies, the reflection mainly relied on the random intracavity Rayleigh backscattering, rendering it unpredictable and unsuitable for large-scale production and wide-band operation. In this work, we present a simple approach to achieve reliable intracavity reflection for self-injection locking to address this challenge by introducing a Sagnac loop into the cavity. This method guarantees robust reflection for every resonance within a wide operational band without compromising the quality factor or adding complexity to the fabrication process. As a proof of concept, we showcase the robust generation of narrow linewidth lasers and localized microcombs locked to different resonances within a normal-dispersion microcavity. Furthermore, the existence and generation of localized patterns in a normal-dispersion cavity with broadband forward–backward field coupling is first proved, as far as we know, both in simulation and in experiment. Our research offers a transformative approach to self-injection locking and holds great potential for large-scale production.
Disentangled deep generative models reveal coding principles of the human face processing network
Authors: Soulos Paul , Isik Leyla
Published: February 2024

Despite decades of research, much is still unknown about the computations carried out in the human face processing network. Recently, deep networks have been proposed as a computational account of human visual processing, but while they provide a good match to neural data throughout visual cortex, they lack interpretability. We introduce a method for interpreting brain activity using a new class of deep generative models, disentangled representation learning models, which learn a low-dimensional latent space that “disentangles” different semantically meaningful dimensions of faces, such as rotation, lighting, or hairstyle, in an unsupervised manner by enforcing statistical independence between dimensions. We find that the majority of our model’s learned latent dimensions are interpretable by human raters. Further, these latent dimensions serve as a good encoding model for human fMRI data. We next investigate the representation of different latent dimensions across face-selective voxels. We find that low- and high-level face features are represented in posterior and anterior face-selective regions, respectively, corroborating prior models of human face recognition. Interestingly, though, we find identity-relevant and irrelevant face features across the face processing network. Finally, we provide new insight into the few "entangled" (uninterpretable) dimensions in our model by showing that they match responses in the ventral stream and carry information about facial identity. Disentangled face encoding models provide an exciting alternative to standard “black box” deep learning approaches for modeling and interpreting human brain data.
Immune response after oral immunization of goats and foxes with an NDV vectored rabies vaccine candidate
Authors: Murr Magdalena , Freuling Conrad , Pérez-Bravo David , Grund Christian , Mettenleiter Thomas C. , Römer-Oberdörfer Angela , Müller Thomas , Finke Stefan
Published: February 2024

Vaccination of the reservoir species is a key component in the global fight against rabies. For wildlife reservoir species and hard to reach spillover species (e. g. ruminant farm animals), oral vaccination is the only solution. In search for a novel potent and safe oral rabies vaccine, we generated a recombinant vector virus based on lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain Clone 30 that expresses the glycoprotein G of rabies virus (RABV) vaccine strain SAD L16 (rNDV_GRABV). Transgene expression and virus replication was verified in avian and mammalian cells. To test immunogenicity and viral shedding, in a proof-of-concept study six goats and foxes, representing herbivore and carnivore species susceptible to rabies, each received a single dose of rNDV_GRABV (108.5 TCID50/animal) by direct oral application. For comparison, three animals received the similar dose of the empty viral vector (rNDV). All animals remained clinically inconspicuous during the trial. Viral RNA could be isolated from oral and nasal swabs until four (goats) or seven days (foxes) post vaccination, while infectious NDV could not be re-isolated. After four weeks, three out of six rNDV_GRABV vaccinated foxes developed RABV binding and virus neutralizing antibodies. Five out of six rNDV_GRABV vaccinated goats displayed RABV G specific antibodies either detected by ELISA or RFFIT. Additionally, NDV and RABV specific T cell activity was demonstrated in some of the vaccinated animals by detecting antigen specific interferon γ secretion in lymphocytes isolated from pharyngeal lymph nodes. In conclusion, the NDV vectored rabies vaccine rNDV_GRABV was safe and immunogenic after a single oral application in goats and foxes, and highlight the potential of NDV as vector for oral vaccines in mammals.
Impact of air-polishing using erythritol on surface roughness and substance loss in dental hard tissue: An ex vivo study
Authors: Kruse Anne B. , Fortmeier Stephan , Vach Kirstin , Hellwig Elmar , Ratka-Krüger Petra , Schlueter Nadine
Published: February 2024

This ex vivo study aimed to investigate surface roughness and substance loss after treatment with different professional cleaning methods and to determine whether subsequent polishing with a rubber cup and polishing paste is necessary. Samples (flat and natural surfaces) of human enamel and dentin were prepared (baseline) and treated with either a curette, air-polishing with erythritol, a rubber cup and polishing paste, or a combination thereof (treatment). Subsequently, all samples were immersed in an ultrasonic bath (ultrasonic) to remove residues from the treatment procedures. The surface roughness values sRa and sRz as well as tissue loss were measured profilometrically. Linear regression models were used to compare group differences (roughness and loss) considering the corresponding baseline value. The significance level was set at p<0.05. sRa increased significantly after treatment with curettes or air-polishing with erythritol in both enamel (p<0.001) and dentin (p<0.001) of flat samples. The same effect was observed for sRz in dentin (p<0.001) but not for enamel compared to negative control. Polishing with a rubber cup and paste alone had no significant effect on roughness values. When combined with other treatments, the effect of curette or air-polishing with erythritol dominated the effect. In enamel, none of the tested methods led to measurable tissue loss. In dentin, air-polishing with erythritol caused ≤50% tissue loss compared to the curette. Conclusively, for enamel, treatment effects on roughness were measurable but of limited clinical relevance. For dentin, air-polishing resulted in a smaller but insignificant roughness increase and less tissue loss compared to the curette. Polishing with a rubber cup and paste did not affect surface roughness. Regarding the clinical application, the use of air-polishing seems to be a less invasive procedure than using a curette; polishing with rubber cup and paste offers no advantage in terms of reducing roughness as a final procedure.
Predictors of vaccination card retention in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Konlan Matthew Y. , Mahama Fuseini , Abubakari Braimah B. , Konka Paul , Appiah Benedict O. , Yeboah Maxwell O. , Kwarteng Peter G. , Apea Porbilla O. , Adjei Michael R. , Adokiya Martin N. , Boadum Oheneba , Abiwu Hilarius A. K.
Published: February 2024

Background

The home-based vaccination card is an important health record for determining vaccination status of children during surveys, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. However, there are limited evidence on the factors that influence its retention in Ghana. We assessed the predictors of vaccination card retention in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study from 21st December 2022 to 10th January 2023 among children aged 0–59 months in the Tamale Metropolis. Multi-stage sampling was used to select caregivers of children aged 0–59 months for enrolment in the study. Data were collected using validated questionnaire through face-to-face interviews of caregivers. A vaccination card was retained if it was presented for physical inspection by research assistants. The factors that influence vaccination card retention were determined in a multivariate logistic regression analysis at p<0.05.

Results

A total of 1,532 eligible children were enrolled in this study. Vaccination card retention was 91.5%. Negative predictors of card retention included: being resident in the Nyohini (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.15–0.50) and Tamale Central (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.29–0.90) sub-Metro areas and being caregivers of children aged 24–59 months (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.22–0.68). On the other hand, paying for the vaccination card (AOR = 5.14; 95% CI = 2.95–8.95) was a positive predictor of vaccination card retention.

Conclusion

In this study, vaccination card retention among children aged 0–59 months was higher than national estimates. Vaccination card retention was mainly influenced by sub-Metro area, age of child and mode of acquisition of the card such as out-of-pocket payment. There is need to design and deliver tailored messages including the importance of vaccination card retention to caregivers of children based on geographic context. Additionally, the policy on sale of vaccination cards should be revised to allow for cost sharing to enhance its retention.
Veganismo e marxismo
Authors: Oliveira Jesus de
Published: February 2024

O veganismo é considerado como uma filosofia e estilo de vida que abole o uso dos animais nas atividades humanas, e assume ações que podem afetar a realidade material de acordo com sua vertente. O marxismo totaliza em um saber unitário e integrado sua posição crítica acerca da exploração humana feita pelo modo capitalista de produção, e propõe um projeto revolucionário para sua superação. O objetivo é discutir as dimensões políticas do veganismo, e aferir se existem convergências possíveis com as ideias marxistas críticas da forma estado. A análise é feita através de fundamentação teórica crítica e sua comparação com a literatura sobre veganismo. Conclui-se que existe convergência entre marxismo com a vertente vegana anticapitalista, pois a erosão do capitalismo e a emancipação da classe trabalhadora é considerado essencial ao seu projeto de libertação total dos seres sencientes.
Sobre los conceptos de “forma-Estado” y “forma-imperio” en el pensamiento de Gerardo Ávalos
Authors: Rezende Tavares Hugo
Published: February 2024

En este texto se busca analizar la construcción teórica de los conceptos «forma-Estado» y «forma-imperio» presentes en el pensamiento del teórico mexicano, Gerardo Ávalos. Buscamos ubicar el Estado capitalista conceptualmente como una forma moderna de existencia de las relaciones políticas. En el autor, encontramos una teorización del Estado entendido como una categoría de la sociedad moderna, que sintetiza un proceso relacional, fundamentado en una contradicción de la política como orden comunitario y su forma institucionalizada de ejercicio de poder y dominación social que deviene de la forma valor como universo racional de la sociedad capitalista. Así las cosas, el Estado se presenta como la forma política de la división social del trabajo capitalista. Esa interpretación rompe con las principales escuelas de pensamiento dentro del marxismo con relación al tema de «lo político» y del Estado capitalista.
A Model of Continual and Deep Learning for Aspect Based in Sentiment Analysis
Authors: López Ramos Dionis , Artigas Fuentes Fernando J.
Published: February 2024

Sentiment Analysis is a useful tool in several social and business contexts. Aspect Sentiment Classification is a subtask in Sentiment Analysis that gives information about features or aspects of people, entities, products, or services present in reviews. Different Deep Learning models have been proposed to solve Aspect Sentiment Classification focus on a specific domain such as restaurant, hotel, or laptop reviews. However, there are few proposals for creating a single model with high performance in multiple domains. The Continual Learning approach with neural networks has been used to solve aspect classification in multiple domains. However, avoid low aspect classification performance in Continual Learning is challenging. As a consequence, potential neural network weight shifts in the learning process in different domains or datasets.In this paper, a novel Aspect Sentiment Classification approach is proposed. Our approach combines a Transformer Deep Learning technique with a Continual Learning algorithm in different domains. The input layer used is the pre‐trained model Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. The experiments show the efficacy of our proposal with 78 .
Multifocal motor neuropathy: long-term clinical and electrophysiological features of the disease
Authors: Grishina D. A. , Suponeva N. A. , Tumilovich T. A. , Piradov M. A.
Published: February 2024

Little attention has been paid abroad to the problem of the long-term course of multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). In our country, catamnestic studies of MMN have not been conducted at all. However, the results of such an analysis are extremely important for understanding the course and prognosis of the disease.

Objective: to analyse the clinical and neurophysiological data of patients with MMN with a disease duration of more than 5 years.

Material and methods. The study included 28 patients with MMN: 9 women (32%) and 19 men (68%); the median age at admission was 50 [44; 56] years; the median disease duration was 10 [8; 13] years. Medical documentation, medical history, complaints, neurological examination results (scored on the MRC and INCAT scales) and results of electroneuromyography (ENMG) of the long nerves of the hands were analysed.

Results. The median time between onset of the disease and diagnosis was 5.5 [2; 10] years. Paresis <3 points on the MRC scale was found in the extensor muscles of the hand and fingers (12/28; 43%), in the median (15/28; 53%) and ulnar (20/28; 71%) muscle groups of the hands, in the extensors (11/28; 39%) and flexors (9/28; 32%) of the feet. The median total score for the degree of disability on the INCAT scale was 3 [2; 3] for the hands and 1 [0; 2] for the legs. The comparative analysis of the severity of the neurological deficits on the MRC and INCAT scales at the onset of the disease and in the long-term catamnesis revealed no significant differences (p>0.05). An objective assessment of sensory disorders revealed no changes when testing tactile, pain and temperature sensitivity, while half of the cases (14/28; 50%) showed a disturbance of vibration sensitivity in the lower extremities. The ENMG examination was consistent with the electrophysiological criteria of the disease, one third of the patients showed significant secondary damage to the axons of the motor fibers of the hand nerves, and in half of the cases a slight impairment of the axons of the sensory fibers was registered.

Conclusion. MMN is a curable disease. Unfortunately, our retrospective analysis showed that in the Russian Federation there are problems with its diagnosis and quality care of this category of patients. Late diagnosis, delayed start of treatment and non-compliance with the schedule of pathogenetic therapy lead to persistent disability of patients.
Cortisol as a cerebral cortex neurons apoptosis regulator in acute phase of ischemic stroke (clinical and pathological study)
Authors: Sergeeva S. P. , Savin A. A. , Litvitsky P. F. , Gorbacheva L. R. , Lyundup A. V. , Breslavich I. D. , Savin L. A.
Published: February 2024

In response to ischemic stroke (IS) a natural activation of the stress-realizing system occurs. The features of this activation influence the outcome of the acute period and the prognosis of recovery and can be adjusted. At the same time, the role of the stress-realizing system in the pathogenesis of IS is still unexplored.

Objective: to investigate the effect of peripheral blood cortisol concentration on the regulation of apoptosis of neurons of the cerebral cortex in the acute phase of IS.

Material and methods. A prospective clinical and pathological study was performed. It included 9 patients with IS in the left middle cerebral artery territory who were admitted to hospital and died in the hyperacute phase of IS and had no infectious complications, allergic reactions or oncological diseases and who did not undergo thrombolysis. The cerebral cortex was examined. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), protein 53 (p53), caspase 3, caspase 8, Fas receptor (CD95), and Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2) were determined on the slices using an indirect immunoperoxidase immunohistochemical staining method. A total of 567 microscopic fields were analysed for the group of patients with IS and 63 fields for the control group (three people). Before death, the blood concentrations of sFas, sFasL, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenaline and norepinephrine were determined by enzyme immunoassay (the control group consisted of 28 people).

Results. Significant correlation was found between the proportion of casp3-positive neurons and the concentration of cortisol in peripheral blood in zones 2 (r=0.263; p<0.01) and 3 (r=0.383; p<0.01). In the 2nd zone, significant negative correlation was found with the concentrations of sFas (r=-0.177; p<0.05) and sFasL (r=-0.164; p<0.05); in the 3rd zone, significant positive correlation was found with the ratio of the concentrations of sFasL and sFas (r=0.240; p<0.01). The proportion of Fas-positive neurons in the cerebral cortex correlated significantly with the concentration of the soluble form of this molecule (for the 1st zone – r=0.222, for the 2nd zone – r=0.438, for the 3rd zone – r=0.289; p<0.01) and the ratio of the concentrations of sFasL and sFas (respectively: r=0.231, r=0.266 and r=0.281; p<0.01) in the peripheral blood.

Conclusion. Peripheral blood cortisol concentration is a factor that determines the regulation of apoptosis of neurons in the cerebral cortex in the acute phase of IS.
Safety and efficacy of fremanezumab in real clinical practice in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: Belskaya G. N. , Krasnikov A. V. , Kiryanova E. A. , Prokopovich M. E. , Sakharova E. V. , Makarov G. V.
Published: February 2024

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab in patients with chronic migraine (CM) in real-life clinical practice.

Material and methods. In a 12-week, open-label, prospective study, 27 patients (21 women and 6 men, mean age 41±10 years) with CM were administered with fremanezumab 225 mg subcutaneously monthly or 675 mg once (quarterly). We assessed changes in migraine attack intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS), a reduction in the number of headache days per month by 50% or more, the impact of headache on daily activities (HIT-6 scale), adverse events (AEs) and tolerability of fremanezumab.

Results. The number of migraine days per month decreased by 50% or more in 52%, 63% and 70% of patients at weeks 4, 8 and 12, respectively. In 26% of patients, the number of days with headaches was reduced by 75% or more by the end of the study. On average, the number of days with migraine decreased by 11.6 per month, with monthly injections – by 12.6 per month (p<0.01). In patients who had negative experience with treatment with two or more groups of preventive therapies, the number of days with migraine was reduced by an average of 10.6 per month (p<0.01). The pain intensity according to VAS decreased from 9 to 5.7 points (p<0.001), the HIT-6 index decreased from 66 to 55 points (p<0.001). AEs occurred in 26% of cases, were transient and did not lead to discontinuation of treatment.

Conclusion. The efficacy and safety of the use of fremanezumab in CM in real-world clinical practice has been demonstrated.
Funkcjonowanie osób z niepełnosprawnością przez pryzmat kondycji psychicznej członków rodziny
Authors: Konarska Joanna
Published: February 2024

The article is based on fragments of the results of many years of research conducted under the direction of the author, situated in the context of research on the family of people with disabilities and chronic diseases. The main trend of the research was to diagnose the psychological condition of people who have long-term care obligations for a family member by learning about the factors that create the quality of life, life satisfaction, the recognized system of values and its relationship with the health and mental state of the charges. In these studies, an interesting thread turned out to be the knowledge of the relationship between the rehabilitation progress of the charges, changes in their psyche, especially in self-esteem and in the value system, and analogous changes in the mentality of caregivers. The article presents such relationships not only among carers of people with disabilities, but also among able-bodied siblings, who, although not directly burdened with the care of a family member, indirectly feel the effects of a changed and unusual family situation, also incurring the psychological costs of this situation. This is a very important problem in the context of holistic rehabilitation, and family members of people requiring constant care are not covered by any systemic therapeutic assistance. The examined relationships clearly indicate that both the rehabilitation progress of people with disabilities and the mental state of their family members are interdependent, and the rehabilitation process is not only carried out in direct relationship with professionals, but mainly in the family itself, and it is the family members who permanently create the conditions for motivating to overcome barriers related to disability. Therefore, their mental condition is of great importance for improving the functioning of a family member who requires care.
Inundation Mapping and Flood Frequency Analysis using HEC-RAS Hydraulic Model and EasyFit Software
Authors:   Gambella University, Minywach Lam Teluth , Lohani Tarun Kumar ,   Arba Minch University, Ayalew Abebe Temesgen ,   Arba Minch University
Published: February 2024

Conducting a flood frequency analysis and mapping of the inundated area in rivers are important for river flow modeling. The main purpose of this research is to estimate the peak flow, model the inundated area using HEC-RAS, and conduct an analytical hierarchy process for the upper Baro Akobo basin in Ethiopia. The inundation area and river depth for 25, 50 and 100 years are considered while contemplating several factors which contribute to flooding. The downstream of the basin has experienced numerous floods that occurred in 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, and 2012. Flood frequency analysis with stream flow data from 1990–2009 at the Baro-Gambella gauging station was carried out to estimate the expected peak floods of the watershed. The analysis was conducted using the Gumbel, Normal, and Log Pearson Type III distribution methods. The peak floods with return periods of 25, 50, and 100 years with a minimum statistical value calculated using the Normal distribution method resulted in 1739.586 m3/s, 1820.872 m3/s, and 1893.974 m3/s, respectively. The HEC-RAS model results indicated that the flood inundation areas under different land use changes for 25-, 50-, and 100-year return periods were 446.2 km2 (annual crop cover), 404.4 km2 (built area cover), 323.3 km2 (flooded vegetation), and 93.58 km2 (forest area), respectively, whereas the inundation depth ranged from 0–2.6 m, 0–2.9 m, and 0–3.2 m depth at the upstream and downstream of the river, respectively. The outcome of this study could be used to reduce temporal and permanent flood risk.
DH, wir müssen reden! Eine Konversation über das Scheitern in den Digital Humanities
Authors: Wuttke Ulrike , Kampkaspar Dario , Müller-Laackman Jonas , Lang Sarah , Karcher Stefan
Published: February 2024

Das „Scheitern“ eines Projektes wird mit Verschwendung von Zeit und Geld in Verbindung gebracht. Doch wann ist ein Projekt wirklich gescheitert – und ist ein negatives Projektergebnis tatsächlich ein Problem? Die Autor:innen haben diese Fragen auf einem Panel der Jahrestagung „Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum 2023“ gestellt und mit dem Publikum diskutiert. Die Fragen wurden nicht abschließend geklärt – es zeigte sich im Gegenteil ein großer Diskussions- und Handlungsbedarf in den DH und über die Grenzen von Disziplinen hinweg.
Baseless derivation: the behavioural reality of derivational paradigms
Authors: Copot Maria , Bonami Olivier
Published: February 2024

Standard accounts of derivational morphology assume that it is incremental: some words are formed on the basis of others, and each derivational family has a base from which all of the other words are derived. The importance of the base has been questioned by paradigmatic approaches to morphology, which posit that word systems are about multidirectional relationships between words and paradigm cells, in which no word has a privileged status. This paper seeks to test which of these two views makes more accurate predictions about speakers’ cognitive representations of derivational families. We perform an acceptability judgement experiment in which speakers are asked to evaluate the acceptability of a pseudoword conditional on another pseudoword in the same derivational family. We find that speakers are aware of implicative relationships between words in the same family, and that they opportunistically exploit probabilistic relationships between surface words, regardless of whether the base form is the predictor, the target of prediction, or not at all involved in the task.
The Polish Model of a Limited Joint-Stock Partnership in Comparison with Other European Legal Systems
Authors: Moszyńska Anna , Sikorska-Lewandowska Aleksandra , Kłoda Mariusz T.
Published: February 2024

866The Polish regulation concerning a limited joint-stock partnership has been in force since the date of entry into force of the Commercial Companies Code (CCC). The CCC divides commercial companies into “partnerships” and “capital companies”. Each of those two types of commercial companies is governed by separate rules. The completion of twenty years of Polish CCC in force prompts us to analyse the juridical model adopted by the legislature, according to which limited joint-stock partnership is classified as a partnership. During this period, there have been significant events making the verification of the validity of this model possible, including Poland’s accession to the European Union (EU), which has resulted in the need to adapt national regulations to EU law – both in the field of private law (including commercial law) and public law (including tax law). The need to amend the domestic law in connection with the implementation of Directive (EU) 2019/2121 of the European Parliament and of the Council of November 27, 2019 amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 (as regards cross-border conversions, mergers, and divisions of companies) – is a direct motivation for undertaking research on a Polish limited joint-stock partnership.867
Implementation of the Provisions of Directive 2017/1132 on Openness and Reliability of Registers in Poland and Other Selected EU Countries
Authors: Garnowski Konrad
Published: February 2024

887The paper presents the issue of openness and reliability of business registers maintained by the Member States of the European Union on the basis of acts that implement EU directives. The first part of the article presents the historical evolution of the provisions of EU law, while the second part focuses on the assessment of regulations currently in force. On this basis, in the third part of the article, the author carries out an analysis of how EU regulations are implemented in national laws in the context of openness and reliability of registers, with a particular focus on Polish law and references to the implementation methods adopted in other selected Member States. Based on this comparative analysis, the author ultimately comes to the conclusion that the general direction adopted in EU law is correct, but Polish domestic law is burdened with flaws, indicating low efficiency of implementation of EU law. Thus, the author makes suggestions as to the possible directions of development of domestic law, and to some extent also in relation to EU law.
The changing Doppler patterns and perinatal outcomes of monochorionic diamniotic twins with selective fetal growth restriction
Authors: Li Luyao , Wang Xueju , Yuan Pengbo , Zhao Yangyu , Wei Yuan
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To investigate the clinical outcomes and Doppler patterns changes in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins with selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 362 sFGR cases from January 2010 to May 2016 at a single tertiary referral center. The Doppler waveforms of umbilical artery end-diastolic flow were collected, and all neonates were subjected to an early neonatal brain scan.

Results

A total of 66/100 (66 %) type I cases were stable, whereas 25/100 (25 %) cases changed to type II and 9/100 (9 %) changed to sFGR complicated twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). A total of 48.9 % (22/45) sFGR cases were complicated with polyhydramnios and 30.4 % (7/23) sFGR cases were complicated with oligohydramnios, both of which were progressed to sFGR with TTTS. Mild cerebral injury was significantly associated with Doppler flow abnormalities, earlier gestational age at delivery and type of sFGR diagnosis. Severe cerebral injury was significantly associated with gestational age at delivery (31.6 vs. 34.1, p=0.002) and larger birthweight discordance (43.9 vs. 29.3 %, p=0.011).

Conclusions

Doppler patterns in sFGR can gradually change, with important consequences with regard to management and outcomes. Along with abnormal Doppler findings, earlier occurrence of sFGR and delivery are associated with subsequent neonatal cerebral injury.
Influence of IP-TIG welding parameters on weld bead geometry, tensile properties, and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy joints
Authors: Vijayakumar Vaithiyanathan , Sonar Tushar , Venkatesan Sivamaran , Negemiya Arun , Ivanov Mikhail
Published: February 2024

The primary aim of this study is to analyze the influence of inter-pulse tungsten inert gas (IP-TIG) welding parameters (peak current, inter-pulse current, and inter-pulse frequency) on weld bead geometry, tensile properties, and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy joints for gas turbine applications. IP-TIG welding principally featured by magnetic arc constriction and pulsing was employed to overcome the high heat input problems in TIG welding of thin Ti6Al4V alloy sheets such as wider bead and HAZ, coarsening of beta grains, inferior ductility, distortion of joints, and atmospheric contamination which significantly deteriorates the mechanical performance of welded sheets. The tensile properties and microhardness of IP-TIG joints were evaluated and correlated to the microstructural features. The microstructural features were analyzed using optical microscopy. The fractured surfaces of tensile specimens were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the Ti6Al4V alloy joints developed using peak current of 50 A, inter-pulse current of 30 A, and inter-pulse frequency of 20 kHz exhibited greater strength, hardness and elongation. It showed greater tensile strength of 1030 MPa, yield strength of 981 MPa, and elongation of 10 % and FZ microhardness of 391 HV0.2. It is mainly due to the development of refined grains in fusion zone (FZ).
Effect of water jet erosion parameters on erosion rate of WC10Ni5Cr HVOF coated 35CrMo steel
Authors: Pradeep Raj Rajendran , Thirumalaikumarasamy Duraisamy , Sonar Tushar , Pavendhan Rajangam
Published: February 2024

This research work aims for developing the water jet erosion (WJE) prediction equation and analyzing the optimum water jet erosion parameters such as impingement angle (degree), water jet velocity (m s−1), stand-off distance (mm), and erodent discharge rate (g min−1) for minimizing the water jet erosion of 35CrMo steel coated with WC10Ni5Cr coating. The optimized high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) process parameters were employed for developing the coating of WC10Ni5Cr on 35CrMo steel. The WJE prediction equations were checked for its validity employing analysis of variance (ANOVA). The water jet erosion was measured as the loss of mass (g) after water jet erosion testing for noncoated and coated 35CrMo steel substrates. From the results it was analyzed that the noncoated and coated 35CrMo steel substrates when subjected to the impingement angle of 60°, water jet velocity of 15 m s−1, stand-off distance of 40 mm, and erodent discharge rate of 1500 g min−1 displayed lower mass loss of 0.0177 g and 0.0079 g. The coated 35CrMo steel substrate showed 55.36 % decrement in erosion compared to noncoated 35CrMo steel substrate. These findings support the employability of WC10Ni5Cr HVOF coating for 35CrMo steel to improve its water jet erosion resistance in engineering applications.
The United Nations and Blockchain Technology
Authors: Muedini Fait
Published: February 2024

In this essay, I discuss the United Nations and its activities as they pertain to the use of blockchain technology. I argue that while this technology is rather new, the United Nations has been open to using such technological innovations to better solve human rights challenges that include fighting to end child trafficking, better distributing food aid, and reducing carbon emissions. Finally, the essay discusses the future prospects for blockchain technology and the UN.
Effect of in-situ mineralization of calcium carbonate on the aging resistance of Wikstroemia bast fiber
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Yubo , Shao Xinyi , Lin Yuxuan , Song Wenbao , Xu Dehua , Gao Yifei
Published: February 2024

Paper cultural relics, as the carriers of human civilization, inevitably deteriorate during the long-term storage. The restoration of those damaged or aged paper cultural relics is an important part of cultural relics protection. How to obtain the fiber with high permanence property is the key to the repair paper used to cultural relic restoration. Herein, in order to obtain high permanence lignocellulosic fiber, nano-CaCO3 was introduced inside the Wikstroemia bast fiber by in-situ mineralization. Under accelerated aging condition, the microstructure, chemical structure, crystallinity, degree of polymerization, variation of pH, alkali reserve and mechanical strength of the fiber before and after mineralization were studied. The results showed that nano-CaCO3 had no obvious effect on the properties of paper prepared from those mineralized fibers, but it can effectively neutralize the acid generated inside the fiber, slow down the degradation rate of cellulose and improve the permanence of the paper during the aging process. It provides a new insight for the manufacture of repair paper for cultural relics restoration.
A koronavírus-válság strukturális és területi hatásai a magyarországi vállalati szektor sérülékenységére = The Structural and Territorial Impact of the Coronavirus Crisis on the Vulnerability of the Hungarian Corporate Sector
Authors:   National Bank of Hungary, El-Meouch Nedim Márton , Máté Éva ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Trócsányi András ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Pirisi Gábor ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Alpek B. Levente ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences
Published: February 2024

Corporate resilience is a frequently explored topic in the social science discourse on space. This study investigates the repercussions of the economic crisis induced by the coronavirus epidemic on the Hungarian corporate sector. It assesses corporate vulnerability through profitability and indebtedness dimensions, utilizing financial statements and credit data from 2019 and 2020. Initial scrutiny by sector and size reveals vulnerable company segments, followed by a territorial analysis to identify crisis-affected actors. Findings indicate that accommodation and food service, construction, administrative and support service activities, education, art, entertainment, and recreation economic branches, as well as smaller enterprises, were most impacted. Moreover, no distinct spatial pattern emerges; distribution is more influenced by sectoral and sizebased factors.
LÜBNAN CUMHURBAŞKANI BİŞARA EL-HURİ’NİN TÜRKİYE ZİYARETİ (19-28 HAZİRAN 1946)
Authors: TURP Muharrem
Published: February 2024

Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Orta Doğu’da emperyalist devletlerin mandası altında pek çok devlet ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye’nin Orta Doğu devletleriyle ilişkilerini mandacı devletlerle olan ilişkileri ve bu devletlerle imzaladığı anlaşmalar şekillendirmek zorunda kalmıştır. Fransa’nın mandası altında bulunan Lübnan ile ilişkiler de bu devletin bağımsız olmasından önce Fransa ile yapılan anlaşmalara göre şekillenmiştir. Lübnan’ın bağımsızlığı 1943 yılında Fransa tarafından tanınmış ve 1946 yılında Fransa, Lübnan’ı tamamen terk etmiştir. Türkiye de 7 Mart 1946 tarihinde Lübnan’ı tanıdığını Lübnan Hükümetine bildirmiştir. Bu kararın alınması sonrasında Lübnan Cumhurbaşkanı Bişara El-Huri, Cumhurbaşkanı İsmet İnönü tarafından Türkiye’ye davet edilmiştir. El-Huri ve beraberindeki heyet başta İsmet İnönü olmak üzere pek çok devlet görevlisiyle görüşmeler gerçekleştirmiştir. Çalışmada Bişara El-Huri ve beraberindeki heyetin Ankara ve İstanbul’da gerçekleştiği ziyaretler, devlet görevlileri ile temasları ve basının ziyarete olan yaklaşımı arşiv belgeleri, ulusal basın, telif ve tetkik eserler ışığında incelenmiştir. Ziyaret sonrası süreç incelendiğinde görülmüştür ki ziyaret sırasında verilen olumlu mesajların ziyaret sonrası ikili ilişkiler açısından bir etkisi olmamıştır. Üstelik Demokrat Parti döneminde cumhurbaşkanı ve başbakan düzeyinde Lübnan’a ziyaretler de gerçekleştirilmiş ancak Türkiye’nin diğer Arap devletleriyle olan ilişkileri Lübnan’ın Türkiye ile ilişkilerini geliştirmesini engellemiştir.
Okul Tıraşı: Foucaultçu Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Haşim
Published: February 2024

“İktidar” denildiğinde kavramın zihinde beliren imgelerinden biri siyasal iktidardır. Bu, kavramın dar bir çerçevede algılanması demektir çünkü iktidar, hayatın çok daha geniş alanlarına etki etmektedir. Foucault, iktidar algısına yönelik sınırları ortadan kaldırarak genişletmiştir. Ona göre iktidar, kurumlarda üretilen ve insan ilişkilerinde kendini gösteren bir olgudur ve her iktidar kendi ötekisini yaratmaktadır. Sinemanın toplumu ve insanı anlatan bir sanat olduğu görüşünden hareketle, üretilen bu iktidar örüntülerinin beyaz perdede kendine temsil alanı bulduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ferit Karahan’ın Okul Tıraşı (2021) filmi, iktidar pratiklerinin nasıl gerçekleştiğini ve bunun da öğretmen-öğrenci ilişkilerini nasıl yapılandırdığını gösteren, Türkiye sosyolojisinin bir kesitinin fotoğrafını çeken bir yapımdır. Bu çalışma, öncelikle Foucault’nun iktidar kavramını özetlemiş, ardından da bu açıklamalar çerçevesinde “öteki”nin nasıl üretildiğini ve okul kurumu içinde nasıl görünür olduğunu sosyolojik analiz yöntemiyle açıklamıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda filmin Foucault’nun belirttiği iktidar biçim ve disiplin tekniklerini içerdiği görülmüştür.
TEORİSYENLERİN İZİNDE: XIII. YÜZYIL SONU XIV. YÜZYIL BAŞLARINDA LEVANT’TA TİCARİ ABLUKA DÜŞÜNCESİ
Authors: GÜRCAN Azer
Published: February 2024

Haçlı Seferleri, Avrupa’nın Orta Çağ’daki en büyük dini hareketlerinden biridir. XIII. yüzyılın sonuna doğru, ilk haçlı seferinin (1096) üzerinden neredeyse iki yüzyıl geçmiş olmasına rağmen haçlı hareketi fikri ve arzusu hâlâ canlı bir konu olarak gündemdedir. Bu yüzyıl, özellikle 18 Mayıs 1291 tarihinde Akkâ şehrinin Memlûk Devleti tarafından fethi sonrasında, Haçlı hareketinin yeniden canlanma ve yeni bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duyduğu bir dönem olarak kendini göstermektedir. Çalışmada XIII. yüzyıl sonu ve XIV. yüzyıl başındaki Haçlı algısı hakkında farklı yazarların bakış açılarına ve bu görüşlerin farklı teorisyenler tarafından nasıl yorumlandığına odaklanılacak olup, Haçlı teorisyenlerinin Doğu Akdeniz'deki taktiksel fikirleri incelenecek, yenilikçi stratejik yaklaşımlarını ve bu yaklaşımların dönemin hem politik hem de ekonomik dinamikleriyle nasıl ilişkilendiği analiz edilecektir. Çalışmada, Fidentius, Haytonus, Pierre Dubois, Marino Sanudo gibi siyasi teori üreten düşünürlerle birlikte, Ramon Llull, Guillelmus Adae ve Brocardus'un misyonerlik konusundaki teorilerini ele alan Latince ve Eski Fransızca kaynaklardan sıkça yararlanılmıştır. Kullanılan kaynaklar, birincil kaynaklardır. Bibliyografyadan da anlaşılacağı üzere, teorisyenlerin haçlı seferi fikirlerine ilişkin eski anlatılar modern araştırma ve çalışmalarla zenginleştirilmiştir
Expression of Endogenous Epitope-Tagged GPR4 in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Gonye Elizabeth C. , Dagli Alexandra V. , Kumar Natasha N. , Clements Rachel T. , Xu Wenhao , Bayliss Douglas A.
Published: February 2024

GPR4 is a proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor implicated in many peripheral and central physiological processes. GPR4 expression has previously been assessed only via detection of the cognate transcript or indirectly, by use of fluorescent reporters. In this work, CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in technology was used to encode a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag within the endogenous locus ofGpr4and visualize GPR4-HA in the mouse central nervous system using a specific, well-characterized HA antibody; GPR4 expression was further verified by complementaryGpr4mRNA detection. HA immunoreactivity was found in a limited set of brain regions, including in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), serotonergic raphe nuclei, medial habenula, lateral septum, and several thalamic nuclei. GPR4 expression was not restricted to cells of a specific neurochemical identity as it was observed in excitatory, inhibitory, and aminergic neuronal cell groups. HA immunoreactivity was not detected in brain vascular endothelium, despite clear expression ofGpr4mRNA in endothelial cells. In the RTN, GPR4 expression was detected at the soma and in proximal dendrites along blood vessels and the ventral surface of the brainstem; HA immunoreactivity was not detected in RTN projections to two known target regions. This localization of GPR4 protein in mouse brain neurons corroborates putative sites of expression where its function has been previously implicated (e.g., CO2-regulated breathing by RTN) and provides a guide for where GPR4 could contribute to other CO2/H+modulated brain functions. Finally, GPR4-HA animals provide a useful reagent for further study of GPR4 in other physiological processes outside of the brain.