bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leishmania spp. seropositivity in Austrian soldiers returning from the Kosovo
Authors: Kniha Edwin , Walochnik Julia , Poeppl Wolfgang , Mooseder Gerhard , Obwaller Adelheid G.
Published: January 2020

Leishmaniasis is a severe vector-borne disease with two main clinical forms, visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Both forms of leishmaniasis are also endemic in Mediterranean countries including the Balkan region from where mainly visceral leishmaniasis is reported. Austrian soldiers returning from Kosovo were screened for anti-Leishmaniaantibodies to assess the risk of infection during operations. Anti-Leishmaniaantibodies were detected in more than 20% of the soldiers investigated, which indicates a considerable risk of infection during missions in this area and thus suggests the application of protective measures.
Comparison of homogenization methods for daily temperature series against an observation-based benchmark dataset
Authors: Squintu Antonello Angelo , van der Schrier Gerard , Štěpánek Petr , Zahradníček Pavel , Tank Albert Klein
Published: January 2020

Homogenization of daily temperature series is a fundamental step for climatological analyses. In the last decades, several methods have been developed, presenting different statistical and procedural approaches. In this study, four homogenization methods (together with two variants) have been tested and compared. This has been performed constructing a benchmark dataset, where segments of homogeneous series are replaced with simultaneous measurements from neighboring homogeneous series. This generates inhomogeneous series (the test set) whose homogeneous version (the benchmark set) is known. Two benchmark datasets are created. The first one is based on series from the Czech Republic and has a high quality, high station density, and a large number of reference series. The second one uses stations from all Europe and presents more challenges, such as missing segments, low station density, and scarcity of reference series. The comparison has been performed with pre-defined metrics which check the statistical distance between the homogenized versions and the benchmark. Almost all homogenization methods perform well on the near-ideal benchmark (maximum relative root mean square error (rRMSE): 1.01), while on the European dataset, the homogenization methods diverge and the rRMSE increases up to 1.87. Analyses of the percentages of non-adjusted inhomogeneous data (up to 39%) and substantial differences in the trends among the homogenized versions helped identifying diverging procedural characteristics of the methods. These results add new elements to the debate about homogenization methods for daily values and motivate the use of realistic and challenging datasets in evaluating their robustness and flexibility.
The concept of the trichotomy of motivating factors in the workplace
Authors: Koziol Leszek , Koziol Michal
Published: January 2020

The paper presents key issues related to motivation in the workplace and its methodological aspects, giving special attention to an analysis of the classification of motivation factors. It describes the characteristics of major selected factors. The author proposes a new approach to factors based on the concept of the trichotomy of motivation factors in the workplace (work environment and work situations) which extends Herzberg’s two-factor theory. The concept identifies three groups of factors: “motivators” which, when they occur, lead to satisfaction, “hygiene factors” which, when they do not occur, lead to dissatisfaction, and “demotivators” which, when they occur, lead to dissatisfaction. Their vectors of impact are totally different, although they occur simultaneously in the workplace. Therefore, the presented concept constitutes a methodological directive which suggests the extension of the research area by including an analysis of factors which reduce motivation to work.
Suitable methods of measuring acceleration time in the diagnosis of internal carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Iizuka Kentaro , Takekawa Hidehiro , Iwasaki Akio , Igarashi Haruki , Suzuki Keisuke , Kobayashi Saro , Tsukui Daisuke , Hirata Koichi
Published: January 2020

Purpose

To enhance the utility of acceleration time (AcT) in the diagnosis of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, we assessed the value of AcT measurements with different waveform patterns.

Methods

Ninety-three patients with acute atherothrombotic cerebral infarction were enrolled, and they underwent both carotid ultrasonography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). AcT was determined by a conventional procedure (using the first peak point or the bending point) and the peak systolic velocity (PSV) procedure. The AcT ratio was calculated as (AcT of ICA)/(AcT of the ipsilateral common carotid artery). We evaluated the correlation of stenosis rate as assessed by the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial method using DSA (DSA-NASCET) with the AcT of ICA (ICA-AcT), the AcT ratio measured by the conventional procedure (conventional AcT ratio), and the AcT ratio measured by the PSV procedure (PSV AcT ratio). The area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for DSA-NASCET was calculated based on the ICA-AcT and AcT ratio.

Results

Forty-five vessels had 50% or greater ICA stenosis. DSA-NASCET was positively correlated with the conventional AcT ratio (r = 0.723), conventional ICA-AcT (r = 0.638), and PSV AcT ratio (r = 0.245). The corresponding AUCs for ICA stenosis ≥ 50% were 0.971, 0.886, and 0.572, respectively.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the usefulness of the conventional procedure for diagnosing stenosis of ICA origin using AcT and showed that the AcT ratio was a more beneficial parameter than AcT.
Process arrival pattern aware algorithms for acceleration of scatter and gather operations
Authors: Proficz Jerzy
Published: January 2020

Imbalanced process arrival patterns (PAPs) are ubiquitous in many parallel and distributed systems, especially in HPC ones. The collective operations, e.g. in MPI, are designed for equal process arrival times, and are not optimized for deviations in their appearance. We propose eight new PAP-aware algorithms for the scatter and gather operations. They are binomial or linear tree adaptations introducing additional process ordering and (in some cases) additional activities in a special background thread. The solution was implemented using one of the most popular open source MPI compliant library (OpenMPI), and evaluated in a typical HPC environment using a specially developed benchmark as well as a real application: FFT. The experimental results show a significant advantage of the proposed approach over the default OpenMPI implementation, showing good scalability and high performance with the FFT acceleration for the communication run time: 16.7% and for the total application execution time: 3.3%.
Explaining regional inflation programmes in Indonesia: Does inflation rate converge?
Authors: Purwono Rudi , Yasin Mohammad Zeqi , Mubin M. Khoerul
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the inflation convergence of 82 Indonesian cities and discusses the remarkable regional inflation programmes in Indonesia. By employing a dynamic panel regression, the paper shows that Indonesia experienced an inflation convergence from 2013 to 2018. An intriguing finding is that the cities in Java-Bali, the largest density area, experienced a slower speed of convergence than that in cities outside the Java-Bali. This paper alleges that the development of logistic transportation and the formulation of an inflation control programme, such as the Tim Pengendalian Inflasi Daerah (TPID) or Regional Inflation Controlling Team (RICT) that has just been stationed and has commenced their duties in East Indonesia, might play an essential role in the convergence. Moreover, the coordination between the central and regional governments, represented by TPID/RICT, in implementing the effective policy (i.e. prioritising development outside Java-Bali and fostering inter-region cooperation in the commodity supply chain) is effective in stabilising and reducing the inflation rate.
Amphetamine Stimulates Endocytosis of the Norepinephrine and Neuronal Glutamate Transporters in Cultured Locus Coeruleus Neurons
Authors: Underhill Suzanne M. , Colt Mark S. , Amara Susan G.
Published: January 2020

Amphetamines and amphetamine-derivatives elevate neurotransmitter concentrations by competing with endogenous biogenic amines for reuptake. In addition, AMPHs have been shown to activate endocytosis of the dopamine transporter (DAT) which further elevates extracellular dopamine (DA). We previously found that the biochemical cascade leading to this cellular process involves entry of AMPH into the cell through the DAT, stimulation of an intracellular trace amine-associated receptor, TAAR1, and activation of the small GTPase, RhoA. We also showed that the neuronal glutamate transporter, EAAT3, undergoes endocytosis via the same cascade in DA neurons, leading to potentiation of glutamatergic inputs. Since AMPH is a transported inhibitor of both DAT and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), and EAAT3 is also expressed in norepinephrine (NE) neurons, we explored the possibility that this signaling cascade occurs in NE neurons. We found that AMPH can cause endocytosis of NET as well as EAAT3 in NE neurons. NET endocytosis is dependent on TAAR1, RhoA, intracellular calcium and CaMKII activation, similar to DAT. However, EAAT3 endocytosis is similar in all regards except its dependence upon CaMKII activation. RhoA activation is dependent on calcium, but not CaMKII, explaining a divergence in AMPH-mediated endocytosis of DAT and NET from that of EAAT3. These data indicate that AMPHs and other TAAR1 agonists can affect glutamate signaling through internalization of EAAT3 in NE as well as DA neurons.
Aspects Influencing Food Intake and Approaches towards Personalising Nutrition in the Elderly
Authors: Rusu Alexandru , Randriambelonoro Mirana , Perrin Caroline , Valk Carlijn , Álvarez Berta , Schwarze Ann-Kristin
Published: January 2020

Healthy diets have been demonstrated to complement benefits of physical activity, physical condition and mental wellbeing, all of them being important factors influencing the quality of life of elderly. Unfortunately malnutrition is a serious threat and an increasingly prevalent condition among the fast-growing elderly population. The present work addresses the identification of important factors contributing to decreased appetite and food intake as well as the development of approaches towards a healthy diet and personalised nutrition in elderly. Within the present study semi-structured interviews with elderly and elderly suffering from swallowing and mastication difficulties have been performed, results being used for the development of food provision modules and the corresponding recipes addressing the nutritional requirements of elderly. The social context and the swallowing and mastication difficulties influence the eating behaviour as well as the motivation to eat. On the other hand, it was found that texture modified foods (food which texture is adapted to the need of people with swallowing and mastication problems) could act as motivational aspect. With regard to food personalisation in the elderly the consideration of three different case scenarios based on individual independency and the degree of oral impairment seemed to be appropriate. Different aspects such as gender weight, physical activity level as well as high protein demand are important influential factors in the development of personalised recipes in elderly. In addition to the above, a conversational agent was developed as behaviour change module and can be successfully used as smart personal assistant in helping the users to understand their eating habits and adopt healthier nutrition over the long term.
The nested structure of urban business clusters
Authors: Cottineau Clémentine , Arcaute Elsa
Published: January 2020

Although the cluster theory literature is bountiful in economics and regional science, there is still a lack of understanding of how the geographical scales of analysis (neighbourhood, city, region) relate to one another and impact the observed phenomenon, and to which extent the clusters are industrially coherent or geographically consistent. In this paper, we cluster spatial economic activities through a multi-scalar approach making use of percolation theory. We consider both the industrial similarity and the geographical proximity between firms, through their joint probability function which is constructed as a copula. This gives rise to an emergent nested hierarchy of geoindustrial clusters, which enables us to analyse the relationships between the different scales, and specific industrial sectors. Using longitudinal business microdata from the Office for National Statistics, we look at the evolution of clusters which spans from very local groups of businesses to the metropolitan level, in 2007 and in 2014, so that the changes stemming from the financial crisis can be observed.
Prescribing patterns and drug-related problems (DRPs) in transfusiondependent paediatric thalassemia patients
Authors: Babu Tirin , Panachiyil George Mathew , Sebastian Juny , Ravi Mandyam Dhati
Published: January 2020

Background:

Each year nearly 10,000 children with thalassaemia major are born in India, but among them, very few are optimally managed mainly in urban regions even though the Government of India has incorporated their care and treatment in the 12th Five-Year Plan. Data on prescribing patterns and drug-related problems (DRPs) in paediatric thalassaemia patients in India are limited.

Methods:

In this prospective interventional study, the medications prescribed were recorded after reviewing the treatment charts, thalassaemia register, thalassaemia card, nurses' notes, as well as discharge summaries. When DRPs and/or medication errors were identified, the same was discussed with the concerned health care professionals and suitable suggestions were made at the earliest.

Results:

Out of the enrolled 54 patients, only 94% (n = 51) of the patients received iron chelation therapy with deferasirox and/or deferiprone, Folic acid tablet was prescribed for 100% of the patients (n = 54). Five percent of patients (n = 3) had undergone splenectomy and was prescribed with amoxicillin prophylactically. There were a total of 16 DRPs and 15 medication errors were identified and suitable measurements were taken to solve these problems.

Conclusions:

The prescribing patterns, DRPs and medication errors in transfusion-dependent paediatric thalassaemia patients were discussed in this study. Our study was effective in identifying and solving the DRPs and medication problems that occurred in thalassaemia patients.
Cultural Autonomy in Hungary: Inward or Outward Looking?
Authors: Sansum Judit Molnár , Dobos Balázs
Published: January 2020

Since the late 1980s, the interpretations of policy toward Hungary’s minorities—most notably the country’s 1993 minority law and the minority self-governments established as part of a system of nonterritorial autonomy (NTA)—have been the subject of debates in politics and academia in at least two critical respects. Aside from the declarative character of the law, foremost has been the question of Hungary’s kin-state activism toward Hungarians abroad and the implications this has carried for domestic minority issues. A second—and related—question has concerned the extent to which cultural autonomy and minority rights are in accordance with the needs of the Roma, by far the country’s largest ethnic minority group. A growing number of scholars have accepted the argument that the minority law was enacted because of concerns regarding Hungarian minorities living in the neighboring countries. In our view, it is more appropriate to ask instead how Hungary’s kin-state policies have influenced the opportunities for domestic groups, and, in particular, how Hungary fits into the broader context of post-Communist state- and nation-building projects. This is the approach we take in this article, which aims to unpack and reconcile the complex and seemingly contradictory findings on the Hungarian case. Our conclusions are drawn from a content analysis of parliamentary debates on the minority law—something that has never previously been undertaken. This is supplemented by semi-structured interviews with former and current politicians and minority activists.
Introduction to the Special Issue on National Cultural Autonomy in Diverse Political Communities: Practices, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Smith David J.
Published: January 2020

Numerous contemporary examples attest to the continued political salience of ethnic identification. This is the case even in multi-ethnic societies bound together by a strong overarching sense of patriotism, but it is most especially so in contexts where ethnicity has historically functioned as the building block of modern nations (Rudolph 2006). Since today’s world contains many more ethnoculturally defined nations than it does states, a tension persists between the principle of self-determination of peoples and the principle of territorial integrity of existing polities (Dembinska, Máracz, and Tonk 2014). The almost invariable overlapping of different ethno-national populations within the same territorial space renders the nation-state concept inherently problematic as a modality for ethnically based self-determination, for while all nation-state projects dictate cultural uniformity, all must contend with differing degrees of pluralism. Within the nation-state frame, those who do not profess belonging to the dominant ethnocultural community are consigned to the category of “national minority” and thereby deemed an anomaly and a barrier to the creation of a “good political order.”1In this context, claims by minority national and ethnic communities for recognition of collective rights can be easily construed as a threat to the security of the state and its dominant ethno-national group, leading to situations of tension and—in the worst case—open conflict.
Caring in space: the boundaries between public and private spaces in Finnish adult foster care homes
Authors: Leinonen Emilia
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article is to explore a hybrid community-based form of care for older people called adult foster care. In the article, the nature of the foster care home as a place of care is explored from the foster carers’ point-of-view. It is based on an interview study of 12 foster carers. In this article, the theoretical frameworks from human geography and work–family research are combined in order to analyse the boundaries between private family-life and public work-life in the particular space of the foster care home. The research questions are: What kinds of public and private spaces exist in adult foster care homes? What kinds of boundaries separate (a) the public and private spaces and (b) the foster care home and the outside world? The findings suggest that foster care homes are very complex socio-spatial places of care, in which the questions of power (who can do what and when in a certain space), the re-organisation of home, and the division of private and public spaces all contest the idea of home as a mere ‘safe haven’ from the pressures of work life. Different boundaries and boundary management strategies enabled the foster carers to regard their place of living and working as their home, even though it had altered to a place of care of ‘strangers’.
Analysis of the Economic Impacts of the Euro, the Efficiency of the Euro in the Optimum Currency Area, and the Place of the Euro in Global Economics
Authors: Özdeşer Hüseyin
Published: January 2020

The introduction of the euro has led to three dominant currencies in the financial markets, namely the euro, dollar and yen. The use of the euro as the single currency is a key element for economic and political unification in the EU (European Union). While some of the criteria for achieving monetary integration between the European Monetary Union (EMU) member countries in the euro area have been satisfied, some problems still remain. As the euro is not the currency of a single country like the dollar, the dollar still retains its dominant position in the international markets. After the Brexit referendum, apprehension regarding the collapse of the EU has reached a peak. Originally introduced in 12 EU member countries, and since extended to 19, the euro may potentially embrace 27 member countries. In this study, the economic impacts of the euro on the per capita income, inflation rate and foreign direct investment are analysed. The analysis will be performed on three countries participating in the EMU, namely, Germany, France and Italy.
Definitive concurrent chemoradiation versus laryngectomy and postoperative radiation using IMRT in locally advanced laryngeal cancer: experience from a regional cancer centre of Eastern India
Authors: Das Subhadip , Lahiri Debarshi , Dam Aniruddha , Maji Tapas , Roy Sanjoy , Ray Dilip Kumar , Mandal Syamsundar
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

For patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer, two main treatment options are either up-front surgery [total laryngectomy (TL)] followed by postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) or definitive concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) with surgery retained as salvage. The objectives were to study the feasibility of CCRT using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in locally advanced laryngeal cancer with respect to response, toxicities, and quality of life (QoL) and comparison with other modality—TL with post-operative RT.

Material and Methods:

The records of 48 patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer (T3/T4aN0-2), registered between years 2014 and 2017, treated with IMRT (definitive or adjuvant postoperative IMRT) were analysed from the hospital database. The patients received RT either as definitive CCRT or as adjuvant treatment after TL. RT in all patients was delivered with IMRT-SIB(simultaneous integrated boost) technique and concurrent chemotherapy with weekly cisplatin. The response was assessed at 12 weeks. Toxicities and QoL were assessed and compared between patients receiving definitive CCRT and adjuvant RT.

Results:

92·3% patients who received definitive CCRT achieved complete response. Toxicities were of low grade in patients receiving both definitive and adjuvant treatments. All the patients (except two partial responders of CCRT) remained disease-free at the last follow-up. At 2 years of follow-up of each patient—Global QoL, emotional and social functioning were better in definitive CCRT patients. Laryngectomy patients had more dyspnoea, insomnia and financial difficulties. Although the problems of dry mouth, sticky saliva and swallowing were comparable, laryngectomy patients faced more problems with speech, senses, social eating, social contact and cough.

Conclusions:

Definitive CCRT using IMRT-SIB with weekly cisplatin is a feasible option for patients of locally advanced laryngeal cancer with acceptable response rate. IMRT yields better toxicity outcomes with sparing of organs at risk. CCRT patients have better QoL than laryngectomy patients in several parameters.
Translating ‘big data’: better understanding of host-pathogen interactions to control bacterial foodborne pathogens in poultry
Authors: Deblais Loïc , Kathayat Dipak , Helmy Yosra A. , Closs Gary , Rajashekara Gireesh
Published: January 2020

Recent technological advances has led to the generation, storage, and sharing of colossal sets of information (‘big data’), and the expansion of ‘omics’ in science. To date, genomics/metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are arguably the most ground breaking approaches in food and public safety. Here we review some of the recent studies of foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli) in poultry using big data. Genomic/metagenomic approaches have reveal the importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease. They have also been used to identify, monitor, and understand the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and provide concrete evidence about the role of poultry in human infections. Transcriptomics studies have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology and immunopathology of foodborne pathogens in poultry and have led to the identification of host-resistance mechanisms. Proteomic/metabolomic approaches have aided in identifying biomarkers and the rapid detection of low levels of foodborne pathogens. Overall, ‘omics' approaches complement each other and may provide, at least in part, a solution to our current food-safety issues by facilitating the development of new rapid diagnostics, therapeutic drugs, and vaccines to control foodborne pathogens in poultry. However, at this time most ‘omics' approaches still remain underutilized due to their high cost and the high level of technical skills required.
“Little Dancing Indians”: Tradition and Utopian Listening in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico
Authors: BLACK AMANDA M.
Published: January 2020

San Miguel de Allende, a city of 171,857 located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, most often appears in media outlets in laudatory publicity, advertising this urban space as perfect for voluntary “lifestyle” immigration and tourism both foreign and national. This article addresses the social tensions, fissures, and paradoxes that emerge from specific auralities of San Miguel's temporary residents. Their romanticized reception of traditional Indigenous danza performances contrasts sharply with the perceived noise of hip-hop in the town's historic center. As more and more residents hailing from outside San Miguel search for their own versions of “small town Mexico,” the racialized experiences of young sanmiguelenses are invisibilized in the overwhelmingly positive reception of Indigenous danzas. The championing of mestizaje as the sole visage for Mexican modernity leaves a convenient space for transnational racism located at the nexus of racialized economic privilege and colonial imagination. In this purportedly post-racial ideological context, how can the analysis of settler-colonizer aurality uncover the racialized structures that undergird the nation-state's management of cultural tourism?
The Ch'ixi Blackness of Nación Rap's Aymara Hip-Hop
Authors: SWINEHART KARL
Published: January 2020

This essay examines the music of Nación Rap, Aymara rappers of El Alto, Bolivia, as an expression of what Aymara sociologist Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui terms a ch'ixi cultural form, one that juxtaposes seeming opposites into a changed third. I look to earlier moments of Aymara and Quechua cultural production, specifically colonial New World Baroque art, to consider Aymara hip hop as another instance of ch'ixi cosmopolitanism. In examining the lyrical, musical, and visual elements of Nación Rap's performance, I argue that their music intervenes in local ideologies of race and Indigeneity. By reformulating what is understood as Aymara, by situating the Aymara language as poetically equivalent to the colonial lingua franca of Spanish, English, and French, and by wearing Aymara clothing and hairstyles in the performance of an urban musical genre with proximity to Blackness, these artists challenge dominant racial logics of their society.
Implementation of a novel Fibonacci branch search optimizer for the design of the low sidelobe and deep nulling adaptive beamformer
Authors: Zhang Haichuan , Zeng Fangling
Published: January 2020

In this work, we proposed an adaptive beamformer based on a novel heuristic optimization algorithm. The novel optimization technique inspired from Fibonacci sequence principle, designated as Fibonacci branch search (FBS), used new tree's branches fundamental structure and interactive searching rules to obtain the global optimal solution in the search space. The branch structure of FBS is selected using two types of multidimensional points on the basis of shortening fraction formed by Fibonacci sequence; in this mode, interactive global and local searching rules are implemented alternately to obtain the optimal solutions, avoiding stagnating in local optimum. The proposed FBS is also used here to construct an adaptive beamforming (ABF) technique as a real-time implementation to achieve near-optimal performance for its simplicity and high convergence rate, then, the performance of the FBS is compared with the five typical heuristic optimization algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed FBS approach in locating the optimal solution with higher precision and reveal further improvement in the ABF performance.
Controlled Cooling‐Rate Experiments on Olivine‐Hosted Melt Inclusions: Chemical Diffusion and Quantification of Eruptive Cooling Rates on Hawaii and Mars
Authors: Saper Lee M. , Stolper Edward M.
Published: January 2020

Controlled cooling‐rate experiments were conducted on olivine‐hosted melt inclusions to characterize the development of compositional zoning observed in natural inclusions. All of the experimentally cooled inclusions are zoned due to olivine crystallization on the inclusion wall and diffusive exchange between the boundary layer adjacent to the growing olivine and the inclusion centers. Experimentally cooled inclusions are characterized by lower MgO and FeO and higher SiO2, Al2O3, and Na2O (and other incompatible oxides) near the inclusion wall relative to the inclusion center. The compositions at the centers of inclusions are susceptible to modification by diffusion, particularly for small inclusions and those subjected to low cooling rates. Uphill diffusion is evident in every oxide and is recognized by local extrema along a diffusion profile. CaO exhibits the most extreme manifestation of uphill diffusion, and a model attributes the diffusion behavior in CaO to solution nonideality in the boundary layer liquid. MgO profiles from experimentally cooled inclusions were fit with a diffusion model by varying the cooling rate. The cooling rates that resulted in the best fit models were always within a factor of 2 and typically within ±10% of the experimental cooling rates, which ranged from 70 to 50,000 °C/hr. The model was applied to MgO profiles across natural glassy olivine‐hosted melt inclusions from Hawaii and the shergottite Yamato 980459. Cooling rates from zoned melt inclusions in Yamato 980459 range from 85 to 1,047 °C/hr (mean = 383±43 °C/hr, 1σ, n=8) and support the hypothesis that the sample erupted at or near the Martian surface.
Long‐Term SST Variability on the Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope
Authors: Chen Zhuomin , Kwon Young‐Oh , Chen Ke , Fratantoni Paula , Gawarkiewicz Glen , Joyce Terrence M.
Published: January 2020

The meridional coherence, connectivity, and regional inhomogeneity in long‐term sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope from 1982–2018 are investigated using observational data sets. A meridionally concurrent large SST warming trend is identified as the dominant signal over the length of the continental shelf and slope between Cape Hatteras in North Carolina and Cape Chidley, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The linear trends are 0.37 ± 0.06 and 0.39 ± 0.06 °C/decade for the shelf and slope regions, respectively. These meridionally averaged SST time series over the shelf and slope are consistent with each other and across multiple longer observational data sets with records dating back to 1900. The coherence between the long‐term meridionally averaged time series over the shelf and slope and basin‐wide averaged SST in the North Atlantic implies approximately two thirds of the warming trend during 1982–2018 may be attributed to natural climate variability and the rest to externally forced change including anthropogenic warming.
Theranostic combinatorial drug-loaded coated cubosomes for enhanced targeting and efficacy against cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Li Jinlong , Tian Dan , Sun Lihua , Wang Xu , Tian Miao
Published: January 2020

Cubosomes, a product of nanobioengineering, are self-structured lipid nanoparticles that act like drug-loaded theranostic probes. Here, we describe a simple method for the preparation of combinatorial drug-loaded cubosomes with, proof-of-principle, therapeutic effect against cancer cells, along with diagnostic capabilities. Anticancer drugs cisplatin and paclitaxel were loaded in the cubosomes in combination. The cubosomes were coated with a layer of poly-Ɛ-lysine, which helped avoid the initial burst release of drug and allowed for a slow and sustained release for better efficacy. Cubosomes were imaged by transmission electron microscope, and their dispersion analyzed in vitro by differential scanning calorimetric and X-ray diffractogram studies. The microscopic images depicted spherical polyangular structures, which are easily distinguishable. The analyses revealed that the drug is uniformly dispersed all through the cubosomes. Further characterization was carried out by zeta-potential measurement, in vitro release, and entrapment efficiency studies. The in vitro studies established that the coating of cubosomes successfully reduced the burst release of drugs initially and confirmed a slow, sustained release over increased time. Comparative cytotoxicity of coated, uncoated, and blank cubosomes was evaluated, using human hepatoma HepG2 cell line, and the formulations were found to be entirely nontoxic, similar to the blank ones. The therapeutic efficiency of the cubosomes against HeLa cells was confirmed by the impedance measurement and fluorescent imaging. Furthermore, the reduction in impedance in cells treated with coated combinatorial cubosomes proved the impairment of HeLa cells, as confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.
O-GlcNAcylation of PGK1 coordinates glycolysis and TCA cycle to promote tumor growth
Authors: Nie Hao , Ju Haixing , Fan Jiayi , Shi Xiaoliu , Cheng Yaxian , Cang Xiaohui , Zheng Zhiguo , Duan Xiaotao , Yi Wen
Published: January 2020

Many cancer cells display enhanced glycolysis and suppressed mitochondrial metabolism. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, is critical for tumor development. However, how cancer cells coordinate glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is largely unknown. We demonstrate here that phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), the first ATP-producing enzyme in glycolysis, is reversibly and dynamically modified with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) at threonine 255 (T255). O-GlcNAcylation activates PGK1 activity to enhance lactate production, and simultaneously induces PGK1 translocation into mitochondria. Inside mitochondria, PGK1 acts as a kinase to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex to reduce oxidative phosphorylation. Blocking T255 O-GlcNAcylation of PGK1 decreases colon cancer cell proliferation, suppresses glycolysis, enhances the TCA cycle, and inhibits tumor growth in xenograft models. Furthermore, PGK1 O-GlcNAcylation levels are elevated in human colon cancers. This study highlights O-GlcNAcylation as an important signal for coordinating glycolysis and the TCA cycle to promote tumorigenesis.
Active topological glass
Authors: Smrek Jan , Chubak Iurii , Likos Christos N. , Kremer Kurt
Published: January 2020

The glass transition in soft matter systems is generally triggered by an increase in packing fraction or a decrease in temperature. It has been conjectured that the internal topology of the constituent particles, such as polymers, can cause glassiness too. However, the conjecture relies on immobilizing a fraction of the particles and is therefore difficult to fulfill experimentally. Here we show that in dense solutions of circular polymers containing (active) segments of increased mobility, the interplay of the activity and the topology of the polymers generates an unprecedented glassy state of matter. The active isotropic driving enhances mutual ring threading to the extent that the rings can relax only in a cooperative way, which dramatically increases relaxation times. Moreover, the observed phenomena feature similarities with the conformation and dynamics of the DNA fibre in living nuclei of higher eukaryotes.
Thin-film composite membrane breaking the trade-off between conductivity and selectivity for a flow battery
Authors: Dai Qing , Liu Zhiqiang , Huang Ling , Wang Chao , Zhao Yuyue , Fu Qiang , Zheng Anmin , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng
Published: January 2020

A membrane with both high ion conductivity and selectivity is critical to high power density and low-cost flow batteries, which are of great importance for the wide application of renewable energies. The trade-off between ion selectivity and conductivity is a bottleneck of ion conductive membranes. In this paper, a thin-film composite membrane with ultrathin polyamide selective layer is found to break the trade-off between ion selectivity and conductivity, and dramatically improve the power density of a flow battery. As a result, a vanadium flow battery with a thin-film composite membrane achieves energy efficiency higher than 80% at a current density of 260 mA cm−2, which is the highest ever reported to the best of our knowledge. Combining experiments and theoretical calculation, we propose that the high performance is attributed to the proton transfer via Grotthuss mechanism and Vehicle mechanism in sub-1 nm pores of the ultrathin polyamide selective layer.
Constitutively bound CTCF sites maintain 3D chromatin architecture and long-range epigenetically regulated domains
Authors: Khoury Amanda , Achinger-Kawecka Joanna , Bert Saul A. , Smith Grady C. , French Hugh J. , Luu Phuc-Loi , Peters Timothy J. , Du Qian , Parry Aled J. , Valdes-Mora Fatima , Taberlay Phillippa C. , Stirzaker Clare , Statham Aaron L. , Clark Susan J.
Published: January 2020

The architectural protein CTCF is a mediator of chromatin conformation, but how CTCF binding to DNA is orchestrated to maintain long-range gene expression is poorly understood. Here we perform RNAi knockdown to reduce CTCF levels and reveal a shared subset of CTCF-bound sites are robustly resistant to protein depletion. The ‘persistent’ CTCF sites are enriched at domain boundaries and chromatin loops constitutive to all cell types. CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of 2 persistent CTCF sites at the boundary between a long-range epigenetically active (LREA) and silenced (LRES) region, within the Kallikrein (KLK) locus, results in concordant activation of all 8 KLK genes within the LRES region. CTCF genome-wide depletion results in alteration in Topologically Associating Domain (TAD) structure, including the merging of TADs, whereas TAD boundaries are not altered where persistent sites are maintained. We propose that the subset of essential CTCF sites are involved in cell-type constitutive, higher order chromatin architecture.
Double layer charging driven carbon dioxide adsorption limits the rate of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction on Gold
Authors: Ringe Stefan , Morales-Guio Carlos G. , Chen Leanne D. , Fields Meredith , Jaramillo Thomas F. , Hahn Christopher , Chan Karen
Published: January 2020

Electrochemical CO$$_{2}$$

2

reduction is a potential route to the sustainable production of valuable fuels and chemicals. Here, we perform CO$$_{2}$$

2

reduction experiments on Gold at neutral to acidic pH values to elucidate the long-standing controversy surrounding the rate-limiting step. We find the CO production rate to be invariant with pH on a Standard Hydrogen Electrode scale and conclude that it is limited by the CO$$_{2}$$

2

adsorption step. We present a new multi-scale modeling scheme that integrates ab initio reaction kinetics with mass transport simulations, explicitly considering the charged electric double layer. The model reproduces the experimental CO polarization curve and reveals the rate-limiting step to be *COOH to *CO at low overpotentials, CO$$_{2}$$

2

adsorption at intermediate ones, and CO$$_{2}$$

2

mass transport at high overpotentials. Finally, we show the Tafel slope to arise from the electrostatic interaction between the dipole of *CO$$_{2}$$

2

and the interfacial field. This work highlights the importance of surface charging for electrochemical kinetics and mass transport.
Ratiometric upconversion nanothermometry with dual emission at the same wavelength decoded via a time-resolved technique
Authors: Qiu Xiaochen , Zhou Qianwen , Zhu Xingjun , Wu Zugen , Feng Wei , Li Fuyou
Published: January 2020

The in vivo temperature monitoring of a microenvironment is significant in biology and nanomedicine research. Luminescent nanothermometry provides a noninvasive method of detecting the temperature in vivo with high sensitivity and high response speed. However, absorption and scattering in complex tissues limit the signal penetration depth and cause errors due to variation at different locations in vivo. In order to minimize these errors and monitor temperature in vivo, in the present work, we provided a strategy to fabricate a same-wavelength dual emission ratiometric upconversion luminescence nanothermometer based on a hybrid structure composed of upconversion emissive PbS quantum dots and Tm-doped upconversion nanoparticles. The ratiometric signal composed of two upconversion emissions working at the same wavelength, but different luminescent lifetimes, were decoded via a time-resolved technique. This nanothermometer improved the temperature monitoring ability and a thermal resolution and sensitivity of ~0.5 K and ~5.6% K−1 were obtained in vivo, respectively.
The RepID–CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates metaphase to anaphase transition via BUB3 degradation
Authors: Jang Sang-Min , Nathans Jenny F. , Fu Haiqing , Redon Christophe E. , Jenkins Lisa M. , Thakur Bhushan L. , Pongor Lőrinc S. , Baris Adrian M. , Gross Jacob M. , OʹNeill Maura J. , Indig Fred E. , Cappell Steven D. , Aladjem Mirit I.
Published: January 2020

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents premature chromosome segregation by inactivating the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) until all chromosomes are properly attached to mitotic spindles. Here we identify a role for Cullin–RING ubiquitin ligase complex 4 (CRL4), known for modulating DNA replication, as a crucial mitotic regulator that triggers the termination of the SAC and enables chromosome segregation. CRL4 is recruited to chromatin by the replication origin binding protein RepID/DCAF14/PHIP. During mitosis, CRL4 dissociates from RepID and replaces it with RB Binding Protein 7 (RBBP7), which ubiquitinates the SAC mediator BUB3 to enable mitotic exit. During interphase, BUB3 is protected from CRL4-mediated degradation by associating with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, ensuring its availability upon mitotic onset. Deficiencies in RepID, CRL4 or RBBP7 delay mitotic exit, increase genomic instability and enhance sensitivity to paclitaxel, a microtubule stabilizer and anti-tumor drug.
A van der Waals antiferromagnetic topological insulator with weak interlayer magnetic coupling
Authors: Hu Chaowei , Gordon Kyle N. , Liu Pengfei , Liu Jinyu , Zhou Xiaoqing , Hao Peipei , Narayan Dushyant , Emmanouilidou Eve , Sun Hongyi , Liu Yuntian , Brawer Harlan , Ramirez Arthur P. , Ding Lei , Cao Huibo , Liu Qihang , Dessau Dan , Ni Ni
Published: January 2020

Magnetic topological insulators (TI) provide an important material platform to explore quantum phenomena such as quantized anomalous Hall effect and Majorana modes, etc. Their successful material realization is thus essential for our fundamental understanding and potential technical revolutions. By realizing a bulk van der Waals material MnBi4Te7 with alternating septuple [MnBi2Te4] and quintuple [Bi2Te3] layers, we show that it is ferromagnetic in plane but antiferromagnetic along the c axis with an out-of-plane saturation field of ~0.22 T at 2 K. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and first-principles calculations further demonstrate that MnBi4Te7 is a Z2 antiferromagnetic TI with two types of surface states associated with the [MnBi2Te4] or [Bi2Te3] termination, respectively. Additionally, its superlattice nature may make various heterostructures of [MnBi2Te4] and [Bi2Te3] layers possible by exfoliation. Therefore, the low saturation field and the superlattice nature of MnBi4Te7 make it an ideal system to investigate rich emergent phenomena.
Time-dependent solid-state molecular motion and colour tuning of host-guest systems by organic solvents
Authors: Yang Yu-Dong , Ji Xiaofan , Lu Zhi-Hao , Yang Jian , Gao Chao , Zhang Haoke , Tang Ben Zhong , Sessler Jonathan L. , Gong Han-Yuan
Published: January 2020

Host-guest complex solid state molecular motion is a critical but underexplored phenomenon. In principle, it can be used to control molecular machines that function in the solid state. Here we describe a solid state system that operates on the basis of complexation between an all-hydrocarbon macrocycle, D4d-CDMB-8, and perylene. Molecular motion in this solid state machine is induced by exposure to organic solvents or grinding and gives rise to different co-crystalline, mixed crystalline, or amorphous forms. Distinct time-dependent emissive responses are seen for different organic solvents as their respective vapours or when the solid forms are subject to grinding. This temporal feature allows the present D4d-CDMB-8⊃perylene-based system to be used as a time-dependent, colour-based 4th dimension response element in pattern-based information codes. This work highlights how dynamic control over solid-state host-guest molecular motion may be used to induce a tuneable temporal response and provide materials with information storage capability.
Ceramic-like stable CsPbBr3 nanocrystals encapsulated in silica derived from molecular sieve templates
Authors: Zhang Qinggang , Wang Bo , Zheng Weilin , Kong Long , Wan Qun , Zhang Congyang , Li Zhichun , Cao Xueyan , Liu Mingming , Li Liang
Published: January 2020

Achieving good stability while maintaining excellent properties is one of the main challenges for enhancing the competitiveness of luminescent perovskite CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs). Here, we propose a facile strategy to synthesize ceramic-like stable and highly luminescent CsPbBr3 NCs by encapsulating them into silica derived from molecular sieve templates at high temperature (600–900 oC). The obtained CsPbBr3-SiO2 powders not only show high photoluminescence quantum yield (~71%), but also show an exceptional stability comparable to the ceramic Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ green phosphor. They can maintain 100% of their photoluminescence value under illumination on blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) chips (20 mA, 2.7 V) for 1000 h, and can also survive in a harsh hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (1 M) for 50 days. We believe that the above robust stabilities will significantly enhance the potential of perovskite CsPbX3 NCs to be practically applied in LEDs and backlight displays.
Titania supported synergistic palladium single atoms and nanoparticles for room temperature ketone and aldehydes hydrogenation
Authors: Kuai Long , Chen Zheng , Liu Shoujie , Kan Erjie , Yu Nan , Ren Yiming , Fang Caihong , Li Xingyang , Li Yadong , Geng Baoyou
Published: January 2020

Selective reduction of ketone/aldehydes to alcohols is of great importance in green chemistry and chemical engineering. Highly efficient catalysts are still demanded to work under mild conditions, especially at room temperature. Here we present a synergistic function of single-atom palladium (Pd1) and nanoparticles (PdNPs) on TiO2 for highly efficient ketone/aldehydes hydrogenation to alcohols at room temperature. Compared to simple but inferior Pd1/TiO2 and PdNPs/TiO2 catalysts, more than twice activity enhancement is achieved with the Pd1+NPs/TiO2 catalyst that integrates both Pd1 and Pd NPs on mesoporous TiO2 supports, obtained by a simple but large-scaled spray pyrolysis route. The synergistic function of Pd1 and PdNPs is assigned so that the partial Pd1 dispersion contributes enough sites for the activation of C=O group while PdNPs site boosts the dissociation of H2 molecules to H atoms. This work not only contributes a superior catalyst for ketone/aldehydes hydrogenation, but also deepens the knowledge on their hydrogenation mechanism and guides people to engineer the catalytic behaviors as needed.