bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of anisotropic base plate of a ballastless railway track under dynamic influences
Authors: Illarionova Lilia A. , Loktev Alexey A.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Due to dynamic loading, the upper structure of the railway track is subject to deformation over the entire construction and operation period. This paper focuses on the development of a mathematical model of the base plate of a general-type ballastless railway track structure without relying on specific existing technological solutions used for such elements. The effect of the actually given vertical component of the rolling stock velocity arising from the deviation from the design position of the long-welded rails on the dynamic deflection of the plate and the contact force of cylindrical anisotropy and the initial rate of dynamic interaction is studied. The proposed model makes it possible to take into account the effect of elastic waves originating in the contact area between the wheel and the rail that move at their final speeds after contact. The actual issue researched in this paper is the reinforcement of the ballastless railway base plate for the prevention of severe damage in the base plate. Materials and methods. A mathematical model has been developed to describe the dynamic behavior of a reinforced concrete plate of a ballastless railway track taking into account the specifics of load application from rolling stock wheel sets. Results. Detailed presentation of the research results in the form of analytical expressions and dependence diagrams of dynamic and kinematic parameters of the structure behavior can have practical application when designing rapid transit and high-speed railway lines both in Russia and abroad. Conclusions. The obtained results can be used for carrying out full-fledged research of dynamic behavior of the track bed under mobile loading, for checking the local durability of plates under shock impact, for researching and selecting optimal rigidity parameters for the track bed.
Hydraulic efficiency of irrigation channels in the course of operation
Authors: Kosichenko Yurij M. , Baev Oleg A.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. The co-authors have analyzed different reasons for the reduction of the hydraulic efficiency of irrigation channels comprising hydro-technical reclamation systems. The main factors include plant invasion, siltation and deformation of beds. The co-authors provide data describing changes in the values of bed roughness ratios and efficiency of main and distributary channels in the process of operation in the south of Russia.

Materials and methods. The hydraulic efficiency of irrigation and drainage systems will be called the pro-vision of their high throughput, close to the design, with minimal losses. They are based on throughput capacity and efficiency values, acceptable flow rates and water losses due to the process of filtration. The criteria have been developed in furtherance of the analysis of operation of irrigation channels and previous studies.

Results. Factors reducing throughput capacity and channel efficiency have been identified for normal operating conditions; dependences needed to identify other hydraulic efficiency factors are also provided. Based on the analysis of actual data, the efficiency of main canals in the earthen bed is 0,790, and for canals in the cladding — 0,870, which is significantly lower than the re-quirements of the norms. Computer assisted processing of the field data on roughness and channel efficiency ratios, obtained under normal conditions, was performed to obtain empirical dependences n = f(Q) and η = f(Q). The field data describing changes in the throughput capacity of linings and earth beds of irrigation channels exposed to significant plant invasions (vegetation and algae) are provided for comparison purposes. The influence of these factors is demonstrated in the photos and proven by the values of roughness ratios that are two to four times different from the design ones.

Conclusions. Comparison of the roughness coefficients for 15 canals and sections with strong overgrowth with the design data indicates that for canals in the earthen channel their roughness increases by 2.5...4.0 times, and for canals in the lining — 1.7...2.5 times. Weedy bed roughness ratios were obtained by applying theoretical formulas and the field data, their comparison has demonstrated close convergence in respect of three channels, including Nizhne-Donskoy and Azovsky main channels, as well as distributary channel Bg-R-7.
Research of requirement management features in the field of project management in a full-cycle engineering company
Authors: Kudrevatykh Vladimir V.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Organizational development and practice of the project management system implementation is of particular interest to engineering companies that implement complex and multi-stage design and construction projects having a complex structure, a large number of stakeholders and a high degree of result individualization. In this case, a situation often arises when processes are formalized, which means that a certain list of regulatory documents are developed in which project contributors, their activities, authority and responsibility, a sequence of actions to be performed, templates of project documents, etc. are defined, but in practice these requirements are not fulfilled or not fulfilled in full. The research problem is that approaches to the formation of a project management system do not offer a universal mechanism applied to monitor the compliance with project management requirements established by inhouse regulatory documents. As a result, project contributors resist such requirements in some companies. The subject of the study is the development of a tool designated for the monitoring of compliance with regulatory documents in the field of project management in a full-cycle engineering company.

Materials and methods. The method of process modeling and reengineering, statistical analysis, and the requirements management methodology were applied.

Results. Features of project management in engineering companies are outlined. Research results obtained in terms of adapting the requirement management methodology and engineering project quality are analyzed. The target scheme that applies to project management quality control and project audit processes was performed. The toolkit for the project management quality control was developed and a list of indicators was formulated. The analysis of statistics on cases of failure to comply with project management quality indicators and underlying reasons is conducted.

Conclusions. The project management quality control toolkit, proposed in the article, allows to analyze the compliance of project contributors with the requirements applied to project management processes formalized in a company and to increase the efficiency of various types of projects.
Familia, poder y esmeraldas. Relaciones de género y estructura económica minera en el occidente de Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Parra Bautista Johanna A.
Published: September 2020

La organización social y cultural de la zona esmeraldífera del occidente del departamento de Boyacá (Colombia) está relacionada con los insumos de la producción minera, que se reflejan en las transformaciones de las estructuras de parentesco y las adaptaciones de la familia. Este artículo expone una aproximación etnográfica al complejo familiar de la región, con el objeto de comprender la incidencia de las jerarquías en las relaciones de género y en la crianza de los hijos. Por medio del texto se presenta el poder masculino como acción de dominio de medios de producción, y el control femenino como relaciones con otros miembros de la familia nuclear y extensa.
Género e ingeniería: la identidad profesional en discusión
Authors: Arango Gaviria Luz Gabriela
Published: September 2020

Este artículo examina los procesos actuales de construcción de una identidad profesional como ingeniera/o de sistemas durante el proceso de formación universitaria, desde el punto de vista de sus dimensiones de género. Para ello presenta algunos antecedentes históricos de la construcción de las ingenierías clásicas –civil y de minas– como profesiones masculinas, y analiza la experiencia subjetiva de las y los estudiantes que están culminando sus estudios de ingeniería de sistemas en la universidad pública más importante de Colombia: la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. Con base en relatos biográficos de estudiantes, identifica algunas prácticas y representaciones que contribuyen a reproducir o modificar el carácter masculino de esta especialidad.
Tríadas putumayenses: relaciones patrón-cliente en la economía de la cocaína
Authors: Jansson Oscar
Published: September 2020

Este texto analiza las relaciones de producción de coca en el bajo putumayo (Colombia) como relaciones de patrón-cliente. El artículo sostiene que el intercambio de muestras tangibles de buena voluntad entre los intermediarios, por muestras intangibles de buena voluntad de los productores de materia prima, enmascara la subordinación del productor de materia prima en relaciones verticales de dominación y explotación. Mientras el productor de materia prima está en el nivel más bajo en esas relaciones, el intermediario representa sólo un corredor en una estructura triádica cuya cabeza está representada por el productor de cocaína. El análisis demuestra, sin embargo, que la forma particular de subordinación de los productores de materia prima, en cuanto a su sometimiento a la explotación, la violencia y la proyección de fuerza por grupos armados, descansa en gran medida en la capacidad que tenga el intermediario de negociar con el productor de cocaína.
Propina y economía del don: la subcontratación de empacadores en supermercados de Bogotá
Authors: Díez David
Published: September 2020

Este artículo, fruto de un estudio etnográfico sobre la propina en supermercados de Bogotá, muestra cómo los intercambios de bienes y servicios entre clientes y empacadores, en medio de los que circula la propina, están atravesados por la economía del don y la del capitalismo. Por medio del análisis de interacciones cotidianas y de mi experiencia subjetiva como empacador destaca la capacidad de adaptación de los empacadores a su entorno laboral. Muestra cómo su salario deja de ser asumido por los supermercados y pasa a depender de las cooperativas mediante las cuales los empacadores son subcontratados. Este cambio es el resultado de la desregulación laboral del capitalismo flexible, que se refleja en la proliferación de cooperativas de subcontratación de empacadores, constituidas en Colombia desde 1996.
Decolonizing the Sodomite: Queer Tropes of Sexuality in Colonial Andean Culture, de Michael J.
Authors: Tovar Rojas Patricia
Published: September 2020

Reseña escrita por Patricia Tovar Rojas
Personas corporizadas, multiplicidades y extensiones: un acercamiento a las nociones de cuerpo y persona entre los tobas (qom) del Chaco argentino
Authors: Tola Florencia C.
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza las nociones de persona y cuerpo entre los indígenas tobas (qom) del chaco argentino y despliega una serie de conceptos derivados del trabajo etnográfico. a partir de dos mitos centrales entre los tobas, analiza el papel de la posesión de un cuerpo en la definición de la persona y en la diferenciación entre humanos y no-humanos. Luego, aborda algunos de los criterios que definen la existencia de personas humanas y no-humanas que poseen o carecen de cuerpo. Seguidamente, analiza las características de la noción toba de persona por medio de la constitución colectiva del cuerpo en función de la circulación de componentes provenientes de otras personas-cuerpos.
Intervenciones etnográficas a propósito del sujeto desplazado: estrategias para (des) movilizar una política de la representación
Authors: Aparicio Juan Ricardo
Published: September 2020

Este artículo rastrea los efectos que ha tenido en Colombia la producción del sujeto desplazado desde inicios de la década de 1990, sobre quienes han sido nombrados como tal. Por medio de ejemplos etnográficos cuestiona los efectos de la objetivación y estigmatización que se asientan cuando se habla de desplazados en el país, de sus problemas y soluciones, así como de sus expectativas para un futuro. No sólo parto de la base de cómo ya los mismos generan respuestas frente a estos efectos, sino que percibo el artículo como partícipe de las luchas para abrir espacios para que los mismos "desplazados" entren como sujetos epistémicos a determinar sus proyectos de vida individuales y colectivos.
Entre las políticas de lo viviente y las políticas de la vida. Hacia una antropología de la salud
Authors: Fassin Didier
Published: September 2020

A partir de la revisión de las diferentes corrientes de la antropología médica, el artículo define los desafíos teóricos y metodológicos que enfrenta la antropología en el campo de estudios de la salud. por ello, la antropología política de la salud propone una distinción fundamental entre lo viviente y lo vivo, en tanto la salud no constituye un problema ideológico, sino que integra una lógica social más amplia. por un lado, el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías médicas y, por otro, la puesta en práctica de políticas estatales sobre seguridad social, condicionan el acceso a los servicios de salud, reflejando las relaciones de poder que pesan en el gobierno de la vida y de la enfermedad.
¿Perlas del caribe? La salud pública en Haití y en Cuba
Authors: Castro Arachu , Farmer Paul
Published: September 2020

A partir de las trayectorias del sida en haití y en cuba, se proponen alternativas a las ideologías predominantes en salud pública internacional, que sobreenfatizan la costo-efectividad y la sostenibilidad como criterios para asignar recursos. En Haití, donde el sida es la principal causa de muerte, la prevalencia de VIH es la más alta de América. En Cuba, con la menor prevalencia de América, su gobierno continúa mejorando los indicadores de salud y provee de atención integral a todas las personas con sida, a pesar de la grave crisis económica. Las situaciones de sida tan dispares reflejan los caminos divergentes hacia el desarrollo: mientras Cuba promueve los derechos sociales y económicos de su población, Haití sucumbe a la desigualdad creciente y a la deuda externa. Lo insostenible no es tratar el sida de quienes viven en la miseria, sino el abismo mundial, cada vez mayor, que impide que la tecnología médica alcance a quienes más la necesitan: los pobres.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Saccol Horácio Nascimento , Ahlert Edson Moacir
Published: September 2020

As Metodologias Ativas têm como objetivo desenvolver o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, de maneira a promover o protagonismo do aluno e torná-lo corresponsável pelo seu aprendizado, desenvolvendo capacidades de autonomia, participação, reflexão, trabalho em equipe e inovação, alinhadas às novas exigências do mundo contemporâneo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e analisar como o aluno do ensino profissional compreende e faz uso das metodologias ativas empregadas por seus professores, além de investigar os benefícios trazidos por essas metodologias na formação profissional desses indivíduos. Desse modo, foi aplicado um questionário a 67 estudantes dos cursos técnicos em Administração e Contabilidade de uma Escola Estadual do Município de Palmeira das Missões-RS com o intuito de coletar suas percepções sobre as metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem utilizadas pelos seus professores. Os resultados mostram que os estudantes observam o uso de metodologias ativas que favorecem seu protagonismo, além de identificarem benefícios no âmbito profissional, como o desenvolvimento de competências requeridas no mercado de trabalho atual.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO: DIÁLOGOS COM ESTUDANTES SOBRE O DESINTERESSE PELAS EXPERIMENTAÇÕES CORPORAIS
Authors: Claus Wellington Kupka , Rocha Leandro Oliveira
Published: September 2020

Esta pesquisa, um trabalho de conclusão de curso, discute o desinteresse dos estudantes do Ensino Médio pelas experimentações corporais nas aulas de Educação Física. O tema e sua delimitação emergem das experiências docentes na disciplina de estágio supervisionado no Ensino Médio, marcadas por tensionamentos com estudantes que se negavam em participar das atividades práticas. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada em uma escola pública estadual, cujas informações foram coletadas por meio de observações de aulas e entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco participantes: quatro estudantes do 3º ano do Ensino Médio e a professora de Educação Física da turma. Em conclusão, foi identificado que o desinteresse dos estudantes está condicionado ao descompasso entre o que é planejado e desenvolvido nas aulas e as suas expectativas e percepções sobre a Educação Física. Por conseguinte, a pesquisa revela a permanência de uma perspectiva reducionista sobre a função educativa da Educação Física e destaca a importância de pesquisas na escola.
Kotak Kendali Perangkat Elektronik Nirkabel untuk Aplikasi Smart Home
Authors: Vincent Vincent , Harryanto Joana Victorine , Lubis Aida Mahdalena , Simatupang Joni Welman
Published: August 2020

Energi listrik sangat vital dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun penggunaan yang terlalu lama pada beberapa perangkat elektronik di rumah dapat menjadi penyebab kerusakan dan pemicu kebakaran. Hal tersebut yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini dilakukan. Salah satu solusi sederhana untuk permasalahan di atas adalah dengan memantau status perangkat elektronik menggunakan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT). Perangkat IoT digunakan untuk memantau sekaligus mengendalikan sistem elektronik, listrik, dan mekanik di rumah dan bangunan untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dan keamanan. Perangkat yang paling sering digunakan untuk teknologi ini adalah ponsel pintar. Studi ini fokus pada pembuatan purwarupa untuk stopkontak yang dapat dikendalikan dan dipantau secara nirkabel melalui ponsel pintar, kapanpun dan di mana pun dengan memanfaatkan teknologi IoT. Purwarupa ini didesain menggunakan papan pengembangan NodeMCU ESP8266 dan modul relai dengan empat kanal. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah purwarupa bekerja sesuai dengan harapan, namun memiliki jeda waktu sekitar 1 detik dari pemberian perintah hingga pelaksanaan secara riil pada purwarupa. Untuk lebih lanjut, peneliti dapat mengembangkan tampilan dan menambahkan fitur baru seperti pengatur waktu atau pemantau penggunaan daya sehingga prototipe yang dihasilkan lebih bermanfaat.
Sistem Monitoring Serangan Berulang pada Penderita Penyakit Jantung menggunakan Panggilan dan Lokasi
Authors: Andika Julpri , Salamah Ketty Siti , Simarmata Loura Meilita Saragih
Published: August 2020

Kesehatan manusia sangat penting untuk selalu diperhatikan apalagi setelah seseorang sudah dinyatakan mengidap suatu penyakit. Dengan aktifitas manusia yang sangat kompleks, penderita penyakit jantung dimungkinkan dapat diserang secara tiba-tiba dan tidak mengenal lokasi. Sehingga, seseorang yang telah mengidap penyakit jantung memerlukan sistem pemantauan kondisi denyut nadi dan lokasi keberadaannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merancang sistem pemantauan sensor denyut nadi, sensor suhu tubuh dan lokasi keberadaan penderita. Sistem dirancangan dengan komponen utama mikrokontroler Arduino Uno, dengan sensor denyut nadi dan sensor suhu tubuh DS18B20 dan pendeteksi lokasi GPS. Hasil pemantauan dikirimkan secara otomatis melalui sistem SMS kepada orang yang bertanggungjawab terhadap penderita. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, didapatkan sistem mampu memberikan laporan pemantauan dengan cara otomatis dan manual secara akurat dan dengan waktu yang relatif singkat.
Ekstraksi Ciri Sel Darah Putih Berdasarkan Gray Level Co-occurence Matrix
Authors: Siswanto Anwar , Fadlil Abdul , Yudhana Anton
Published: August 2020

Dalam tubuh manusia terkandung darah yang terdiri dari komponen selular dan non selulardimana salah satu komponen selular adalah sel darah putih. Darah didistribusikan melalui pembuluh darah dari jantung ke seluruh tubuh dan kembali lagi menuju jantung. Sistem ini berfungsi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sel atau jaringan akan nutrien dan oksigen serta mentranspor sisa metabolisme sel atau jaringan keluar dari tubuh. Dalam berbagai penegakan diagnosis penyakit, sel darah putih merupakan indikator yang dibutuhkan. Pengenalan secara manual membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan cenderung subjektif tergantung dari pengalaman petugas. Sel darah putih diketahui dengan pemeriksaan Sediaan Apus Darah Tepi (SADT) dengan pewarnaan My Grundwald. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu pengenalan sel darah putih secara otomatis sehingga didapatkan hasil yang cepat dan akurat. Sel darah putih terdiri dari Eosinofil, Basofil, Neutrofil, Limfosit dan Monosit.Penelitian ini menggunakan citra dari apusan darah tepi menggunakan mikroskop digital. Sistem pengenalan sel darah putih ini berdasarkan ekstraksi fitur Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) yaitu menggunakan fitur Contrast, Anguler Second Moment (ASM) serta Inverse Difference Moment (IDM) dan Correlation. Klasifikasi dengan menggunakan K-means Clustering dihasilkan plot berbeda-beda dan terlihat beberapa ciri yang mirip sesuai jenis sel darah putih.
DYNAMICS OF VILLAGE UNIT CO-OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT (CASE STUDY ON KUD TANI MAKMUR IN KASIHAN DISTRICT)
Authors: Siregar Abi Pratiwa , Samsudin Ahmad , Abdulrahman Moh Ali
Published: September 2020

This study aims to (a) determine the dynamics of the development of KUD Tani Makmur (aspects of the organization, type of business, and finance) and (b) determine the forecasting model to estimate turnover. The basic method used is descriptive-analytical. Meanwhile, the data analysis used is descriptive analysis, financial ratios, and trends (linear, quadratic, and exponential). Based on the results of the study, it is known that KUD Tani Makmur has experienced dynamic developments: (a) the number of members, principal savings, mandatory savings, voluntary savings, and the number of managers grew by 2.59%, 27.83%, 9.36, 29.09%, and 1.51% per year, (b) the number of business units managed from 1994 to 2000 was 12 units, but gradually decreased to 4 business units in 2018, and (c) liquidity grew by around 7.37% (current ratio), 8.22% (quick ratio), and 0.81% (cash ratio) per year. Solvability is 2.92% lower, while the debt to equity ratio is 5.06% per year. Meanwhile, profitability consisting of profit margin, return on equity, and return on total assets grew by 0.17%, 0.30%, and 0.08% per year. Finally, the quadratic method is the best with the equation Ŷ = 1.132.252.474 + 1.345 .500X + 10,629,725 X2. The proposed policy implications are (a) Validation of membership to find out the real number of active and passive members, (b) Running a regeneration program to prepare management and supervisors in the future, (c) Organizing education and training on information technology to improve knowledge and ability of HR, (d) Increase own capital through optimization of compulsory savings payments and transaction activities of members, and (e) Further research needs to be done to compare various forecasting methods by separating short-term, medium-term and long-term forecasting.
Effects of Low-Fat, Mediterranean, or Low-Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diets on Serum Urate and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Secondary Analysis of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT)
Authors: Yokose Chio , McCormick Natalie , Rai Sharan K. , Lu Na , Curhan Gary , Schwarzfuchs Dan , Shai Iris , Choi Hyon K.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

Weight loss diets may reduce serum urate (SU) by lowering insulin resistance while providing cardiometabolic benefits, something urate-lowering drugs have not shown in trials. We aimed to examine the effects of weight loss diets on SU and cardiometabolic risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This secondary study of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) used stored samples from 235 participants with moderate obesity randomly assigned to low-fat, restricted-calorie (n = 85); Mediterranean, restricted-calorie (n = 76); or low-carbohydrate, non–restricted-calorie (n = 74) diets. We examined SU changes at 6 and 24 months overall and among those with hyperuricemia (SU ≥416 μmol/L), a relevant subgroup at risk for gout.

RESULTS

Among all participants, average SU decreases were 48 μmol/L at 6 months and 18 μmol/L at 24 months, with no differences between diets (P > 0.05). Body weight, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol:HDL-C ratio, triglycerides, and insulin concentrations also improved in all three groups (P < 0.05 at 6 months). Adjusting for covariates, changes in weight and fasting plasma insulin concentrations remained associated with SU changes (P < 0.05). SU reductions among those with hyperuricemia were 113, 119, and 143 μmol/L at 6 months for low-fat, Mediterranean, and low-carbohydrate diets (all P for within-group comparison < 0.001; P > 0.05 for between-group comparisons) and 65, 77, and 83 μmol/L, respectively, at 24 months (all P for within-group comparison < 0.01; P > 0.05 for between-group comparisons).

CONCLUSIONS

Nonpurine-focused weight loss diets may simultaneously improve SU and cardiovascular risk factors likely mediated by reducing adiposity and insulin resistance. These dietary options could provide personalized pathways to suit patient comorbidity and preferences for adherence.
Relationship Between Diabetic Retinopathy Stages and Risk of Major Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Foussard Ninon , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Potier Louis , Ragot Stéphanie , Schneider Fabrice , Gand Elise , Monlun Marie , Baillet-Blanco Laurence , Velho Gilberto , Marre Michel , Roussel Ronan , Rigalleau Vincent , Mohammedi Kamel , Hadjadj Samy
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the association between diabetic retinopathy stages and lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD), its prognostic value, and the influence of potential contributors to this relationship in a prospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Diabetic retinopathy was staged at baseline as absent, nonproliferative, or proliferative. A Cox regression model was fitted in order to compute the hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) for major LEAD (lower-limb amputation or revascularization) during follow-up by baseline retinopathy stages. The retinopathy-LEAD association was assessed in subgroups by age, sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease, smoking, and macrovascular disease at baseline. The performance of retinopathy in stratifying LEAD risk was assessed by using the C statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI).

RESULTS

Among 1,320 participants without a history of LEAD at baseline, 94 (7.1%) developed a major LEAD during a 7.1-year median follow-up (incidence rate 9.6 per 1,000 person-years [95% CI 7.8–11.7]). The LEAD incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years) increased as retinopathy worsened: it was 5.5 (95% CI 3.9–7.8) in participants in whom retinopathy was absent, 14.6 (11.1–19.3) in those with nonproliferative retinopathy, and 20.1 (11.1–36.3) in those with proliferative retinopathy. Nonproliferative retinopathy (adjusted HR 2.31 [95% CI 1.43–3.81], P = 0.0006) and proliferative retinopathy (3.14 [1.40–6.15], P = 0.007) remained associated with major LEAD. No heterogeneity was observed across subgroups. Retinopathy enhanced the C statistic (+0.023 [95% CI 0.003–0.044], P = 0.02), IDI (0.209 [0.130–0.321], P < 0.001), and NRI (0.562 [0.382–0.799], P < 0.001) values for risk of LEAD, beyond traditional risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS

An independent dose-response relationship was identified between diabetic retinopathy stages and major LEAD. Retinopathy yielded incremental prognostic information for stratifying risk of LEAD, suggesting its usefulness as a predictor of LEAD.
Beam engineering strategies for high throughput, precise, micro-cutting by 100 W, femtosecond lasers
Authors: Mincuzzi Girolamo , Rebière Alice , Faucon Marc , Sikora Aurélien , Kling Rainer
Published: September 2020

The recent availability on the market of industrial, reliable, ultrashort pulse lasers (UPLs) delivering hundreds of watts has opened the possibility for this technology to significantly increase the machining throughput and address an ever-larger number of industrial applications. Nevertheless, heat accumulation phenomena are observed as soon as the average power P exceeds tens of watts, compromising the peculiar UPL machining quality. In this case, for a given machining process, it is determinant to implement a specific beam engineering strategy to mitigate thermal impacts, exploit the available P, and increase the throughput. Here, we show the results obtained in micro-cutting with an IR, femtosecond laser delivering Pmax = 100 W, at a maximum repetition rate of fmax = 10 MHz. The beam is first delivered through an innovative, fast, galvo scanner enabling a maximum speed of 20 m/s. A positive impact of high speed is observed for both the removal efficiency at high fluence and the machining quality at high power. In a second step, the beam is also split into three sub-beams enabling parallel processing. The authors show that, in this way, it is possible to fully exploit P, reduce the time taken by a factor of 10, and keep unchanged machining quality.
MgO Cluster Models for Capture CO2 Molecule
Authors: Alhony Zinab Ibrahim , Bawa Fathi Hassan
Published: August 2020

The density functional theory (DFT) method was used to study the adsorption of acidic CO2 molecule on the oxide clusters (MgO)n , (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 12). Basis sets, 6–311 G, 6–311G (d) and 6–311G (2d) were employed in order to test the effect on adsorption structures and binding energies. Both  and adsorption sites have been considered. Our previous calculation DFT energies have been achieved for the (MgO)n, (CaO)n, (n = 1–4, 6, 8, 9, and 12 clusters), [WJERT, 2019, Vol.5, Issue 1, 328-341]. The present work investigates the adsorption properties (e.g., adsorption energies, geometries and HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals) of a single CO2 molecule. The results show that the CO2 molecule / (MgO)n clusters prefer to adsorb as [Mg surf –  with one acidic sites, while the interaction with surface basic    sites, carbonate species consequently may occur. The HOMO and LUMO interaction between CO2 and MgO cluster models were also studied. Furthermore, such nanostructures systems can be potential candidates for practical applications of capturing CO2 from hot exhaust gases.
Incised Valley Depositional System of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin Northern Benue Trough N.E. Nigeria
Authors: Bukar Shettima , Bukar Mohammed , Kuku Asabe , Shettima Bintu , Kamale Ishaku H.
Published: August 2020

This research was carried out in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough aimed at deciphering of the paleo-depositional environment of the Yolde Formation based on facies on facies analysis. Six lithofacies were identified to include trough crossbedded sandstone facies (St), massive bedded sandstone facies (Sm), planar crossbedded sandstone facies (Sp), ripple laminated sandstone facies (Sr), parallel sandstone facies (Sl) and mudstone facies (Fm). These build into two facies association of fluvial channel and tidally influenced fluvial channel facies associations. The fluvial successions typical characterizes the lower stratigraphic horizons and their contained dominances of trough crossbedded sandstone facies with high channel to overbank facies and contained mud-clast reflecting deep, high energy braided river system. The submergences of these channels by surging sea level rise generated the tidally influenced fluvial facies association and this package characteristically defines the upper interval stratigraphic architecture of this formation, displaying occasional bi-directional current system and abundant marine ichnogenera. This architectural symmetry is reflective of an incised valley fills, developing as a consequence of Cenomanian transgressive phase induced by the mid-Cretaceous global marine transgression.
PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI DISCORD SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE
Authors: Efriani Efriani , Dewantara Jagad Aditya , Afandi Afandi
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi membawa perubahan sangat besar, khususnya pada bidang Pendidikan terapan. Zaman yang terus berubah menjadikan pendidik di era modern harus melakukan inovasi dan kreatifitas dalam pembelajaran di kelas maupun di luar kelas. Masalah yang umum dirasakan pendidik era modern ini adalah sulitnya menemukan metode yang tepat dan praktis dalam memanfaatkan tehnologi dalam pembelajaran kelas. Penelitian lapang yang telah dilaksanakan pada dua kelas yang berbeda yaitu kelas kedokteran umum dan Pendidikan kewarganegaraan Universitas Tanjungpura telah menunjukan hasil dan data secara deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan bahwa discord dapat dijadikan media dan sarana pembelajaran berbasis online. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan melihat kondisi pembelajaran pada saat menggunakan aplikasi discord yang mampu menciptakan iklim debat sosial antara dua kelas berbeda yang interaktif, menyenangkan dan santai. Manfaat praktis juga dirasakan pendidik dan mahasiswa dalam sharing keilmuan, sehingga discord dapat menjadi sebuah solusi praktis dan alternatif dalam kuliah online.
PERANCANGAN E-REPORT FINANCIAL SYSTEM BERBASIS WEB (STUDI KASUS : TOKO KRIPIK BALADO MAHKOTA)
Authors: Oktavia Fanny , Hendriyani Yeka
Published: September 2020

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk merancang e-report financial system berbasis web yang akan diterapkan pada toko Kripik Balado Mahkota baik itu laporan penjualan, pembelian serta laba rugi, maupun transaksi jual beli antar supplier dan antar pembeli toko. Metode perancangan yang digunakan dalam sistem e-report financial yaitu pemakaian teknik arsitektur MVC (Model, View and Controller), dipadukan dengan menggunakan Framework Yii2 dan PHP, dengan media penyimpanan dengan database tools MySQL, dan model perancangan UML use case, activity diagram serta class diagram. Hasil dari perancangan e-report financial ini adalah tersedianya laporan yang bersifat elektronik, mudah diakses dimanapun dan kapanpun, dan juga meminimalisir data yang rancu dan tumpang tindih. Maka perancangan e-report financial ini mempermudah dalam pembuatan laporan dengan model perancangan, metode perancangan dan media yang mendukung  dan di terapkan dalam sistem e-report financial.
Asesmen Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Khadijah Khadijah , Amelia Nurul
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan kognitif merupakan proses berfikir anak dan menemukan solusi dari apa yang dipikirkan tersebut.Kognitif juga sering diartikan sebagai kecerdasan daya nalar atau berpikir. Dalam arti luas, kognitif ialah berpikir dan mengamati sehingga muncul tingkah laku yang mengakibatkan orang memperoleh pengetahuan. Kognitif dapat diartikan sebagai pengetahuan yang luas, kreatifitas atau daya cipta, kemampuan berbahasa serta daya ingat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan di RA Al-Hidayah Semanggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui materi kegiatan dalammengembangkan kognitif anak, mendeskripsikan penerapan teknik asesmen (penilaian), dan hasil/dampak adanya asesmen perkembangan kognitif di RA Al-Hidayah Semanggi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis lakukan adalah observasi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kognitif anak berkembang sesuai dengan harapan. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari kegiatan mereka sehar-hari. dalam mengembangkan kognitif anak di RA. Al-Hidayah lebih sering menggunakan kegiatan seperti Shalat, Menulis, Membaca, dan Menulis. Asesmen meiliki dampak positif dalam pencapaian perkembangan kognitif, baik untuk guru, anak didik, maupun orang tua.
"Cabelo é como pensamento": entrelaçando combates antirracistas pelos fios de cabelo
Authors: Silva Junior Paulo Melgaço da , Almeida Ricardo Pinheiro de
Published: September 2020

Uma das características da contemporaneidade é uma explosão de identidades políticas centradas no feminismo, nas identidades gays, lésbicas e negras. Nesta pluralidade da vida social, interessa-nos refletir sobre os corpos negros como sujeitos que foram apagados pela modernidade e que sempre são apontados nos censos e nas pesquisas como em situação de inferioridade. A discussão sobre ‘cabelo’ serve como um claro exemplo de temas que podem ser entrelaçadas com o cotidiano escolar e que podem trazer grandes possibilidades de transformações no combate contra o racismo. Assim, este estudo aborda como uma professora de uma escola da periferia urbana de Duque de Caxias (RJ) entrelaça questões antirracistas pelos fios de seu cabelo – literal e metaforicamente – e em suas práticas. Observamos também os modos pelos quais duas alunas desta professora são positivamente por ela impactadas. Os principais instrumentos para a geração de dados foram: as narrativas da professora e de duas alunas, a observação do cotidiano escolar e as anotações de conversas informais consideradas significantes. Tal processo evidenciou a importância de se trazerem discussões visando ao combate ao racismo para o cotidiano escolar de modo que se apresentem aos/às estudantes outras possibilidades de sociabilidades que, por sua vez, ampliem o conhecimento de si próprios/próprias e do outro. Assim, também serão ampliadas a autoestima e o respeito ao próximo.
Alienígenas em escolas de fronteira gêmea: práticas curriculares em questão
Authors: Ourique Maiane Liana Hatschbach , Silva Renan Cardozo Gomes da
Published: September 2020

A presença de alunos estrangeiros em instituições brasileiras está garantida pela Lei nº. 6.815/1980. No entanto, considerando o distanciamento entre o cotidiano fronteiriço e as escolas de fronteira, a presente pesquisa pretende investigar em que medida as práticas administrativo-pedagógicas desenvolvidas nas escolas de fronteira contemplam as especificidades dos alunos fronteiriços uruguaios. Para isso, realiza-se uma investigação de caráter exploratório em escolas públicas do município de Jaguarão/RS. Tem-se como principal problemática o modo como um sujeito oriundo de um outro país e que possui outra língua materna convive e se adapta às práticas pedagógicas institucionalizadas, vivenciando um processo de ensino e de aprendizagem destinados a nativos (brasileiros). O suporte teórico desta pesquisa está, sobretudo, em Santomé (1995) e Sacristán (2000), no que se refere às práticas pedagógicas e ao currículo escolar, Silva (2009) no que tange às relações entre currículo e poder. Percebe-se o quanto algumas normativas do campo da educação poderiam ser vetores de mudanças paradigmáticas em direção à interculturalidade e, ao mesmo tempo, o quanto os currículos das escolas continuam reverberando práticas homogeneizadoras ou, no máximo, multiculturais, que visam integrar sem dissipar os territórios de poder/saber.
O que eu faço com esse menino? Discussões sobre currículo e inclusão na produção científica nacional
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira
Published: September 2020

O texto objetiva explorar as discussões sobre currículo e inclusão em parte da produção científica nacional, inferindo abordagens e indicadores.  Para consecução de tal objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa analítico-reconstrutiva, pautada pelo procedimento da análise de conteúdo e referenciada na constituição de um corpus empírico formado por trinta e sete (37) artigos de divulgação científica publicados no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Tais artigos foram examinados em seus aspectos de forma e conteúdo.  No que diz respeito aos aspectos de forma, foram destacados e problematizados dois atributos: a natureza e o foco das pesquisas. Já, nos aspectos de conteúdo, os artigos foram examinados a partir de três atributos, identificados como: tema, condução narrativa e abrangência. Como conclusão, o texto apresenta os indicadores e as pautas emergentes referidas nos artigos, divididas em três grandes temas: a) a ênfase no necessário planejamento individualizado; b) o enfoque às flexibilizações e adaptações curriculares quando do desenvolvimento das rotinas escolares para alunos PAEE e, c) a uníssoma defesa dos artigos em torno da construção de um currículo suficientemente flexível para atender os alunos PAEE, na Educação Básica.
A A Review of Bridge Management System: Deterioration Models
Authors: Gatesi Jean De Dieu , Chingui Joao Agostinho , Botir Ergashev
Published: August 2020

In the last decades, in a large part of developed countries, a strong investment was made in the construction of infrastructures, namely bridges. However, the state of the road bridges changes with age due to several factors, which cause a progressive worsening of their degradation and a consequent decrease in the strength of the structure, if measures are not implemented that somehow cancel or counteract these effects, being of great importance correct management of the conservation status of these works of art.
 
Good managerial performance is essential especially in view of the limited financial resources or under the bias of their best use. Through computerized bridge management systems or “Bridge Management Systems”, deterioration rates are introduced through algorithms that may vary according to the type of structure, its location, constituent material, or even the environment in which it is inserted, providing important subsidies for decision making. Deterioration Models that may be deterministic, such as least squares-based regression, or probabilistic, such as Markov chains are considered in this review paper. Other methodologies use artificial intelligence processes (natural algorithms or neural networks). The objective of the article is to describe the existing techniques, evaluating their limitations, specificities, and potential. Based on the awareness of the importance of deterioration models, it is possible to verify the fundamental role of routine inspections for the management of construction parks. The inspection of bridges can develop beyond the simple verification of the condition of the works in the present, providing subsidies for a better understanding of the behavior of these works over time. In the same way, inspection methods could provide for the collection of data relevant to the manager's knowledge containing information about possible decisive agents in the deterioration rates.
 
 In the long term, the development and inclusion of explanatory variables in bridge management could bring great benefits to the industry. The development of mechanistic models used in conjunction with deterioration models could provide accurate results in predicting the state of condition. In addition, the development of these models would provide benefits in understanding the mechanisms of deterioration of the bridge components.
Understanding Malaysian ESL pre-service teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning through metaphors
Authors: Wan Mohd Yunus Wan Noor Miza
Published: September 2020

Teaching metaphors are often used in teacher education programmes for pre-service teachers to critically reflect on their teaching. Metaphors not only give insights into teachers’ beliefs and principles about teaching and learning but may also guide classroom practices. This article sought to explore three Malaysian ESL pre-service teachers’ teaching metaphors in different situations during their teaching practicum. The study also explored what the selected metaphors revealed about the pre-service teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. Data in this study was collected qualitatively by using semi-structured interviews and reflective tasks assigned after the pre-service teachers’ teaching practicum at local government schools. Findings indicated that the pre-service teachers have multiple roles, which are represented by various metaphors they formulated in different situations. It has been suggested that metaphors can be effective in eliciting beliefs as the constructed metaphors reveal much about the roles of the pre-service teachers. The major beliefs about teaching and learning generated by the research participants include meeting students’ needs, varying teaching approaches, and facilitating students. The implications of this study are for teacher educators to utilize metaphors in teacher education programmes and to acknowledge pre-service teachers’ beliefs as this may highly impact their practices and development.
A study of anxiety experienced by EFL students in speaking performance
Authors: Erdiana Nira , Daud Bukhari , Sari Diana Fauzia , Dwitami Shindy Khusuma
Published: September 2020

Many EFL students show anxiety when speaking English in Indonesia. Therefore, the researchers were interested to conduct this study to find out the level of English-speaking anxiety experienced by those students. In this quantitative study, data were collected from 29 students through a questionnaire that was adopted from the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) consisted of 10 items developed by Horwitz, et al. (1986). The data from the questionnaire were analyzed by using the FLCAS questionnaire scale. The results were described in percentages and are further elaborated in narration. The data revealed that 11 out of 29 students (38%) experienced low-level anxiety, 17 out of 29 students (59%) had anxiety at a moderate level, and one out of 29 students (3,4%) got high-level anxiety. It means that most students experienced a moderate level of speaking anxiety. In this case, those findings can be the inputs for every English teacher, especially for the English teachers in which this study was conducted, to be aware of the level of their students’ English-speaking anxiety. It is hoped that the findings of this research can give information and add knowledge to English teachers about EFL students’ level of anxiety so that they could find an appropriate strategy to reduce their students’ speaking anxiety.
Far apart, yet close together: Cooperative learning in online education
Authors: Ivone Francisca M. , Jacobs George M. , Renandya Willy A.
Published: September 2020

Online education can play a crucial role in increasing access to educational opportunity and in promoting lifelong learning. The Covid-19 pandemic has done even more to raise awareness of the importance of online education. The pandemic has been a Category 5 disruptor of education systems. This article was written to help teachers at all levels of education facilitate cooperation among their students as a key element of online education. While many teachers believe in the benefits of student-student cooperation, and theory and research support this view, many teachers worry that distance learning is already difficult enough without adding the complications of cooperative learning, no matter how beneficial it might be. The article begins by discussing some of the obstacles teachers may encounter as they seek to integrate cooperative learning as part of online education. The main part of the article presents nine lesson plans for language education via cooperative learning in online education settings. While the content of the lessons focuses on language learning, the lessons can be employed in a wide variety of content areas. The article concludes with general suggestions on overcoming the previously mentioned obstacles.