bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Unlocking the performance of ternary metal (hydro)oxide amorphous catalysts via data-driven active-site engineering
Authors: Karuturi Siva , Zhang Doudou , Li Haobo , Lu Haijao , Yin Zongyou , Fusco Zelio , Reuter Karsten , Catchpole Kylie
Published: May 2023

Ternary metal (hydro)oxide amorphous catalysts are attractive oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to their high performance and cost-effectiveness, but a fundamental understanding of their structure-property relationships remains elusive. Herein, we fabricate a highly active ternary metal (hydro)oxide (NiFeCo) OER catalyst, showing an overpotential of 146 mV at 10 mAcm-2 and ~300 hours durability in 1M KOH. Inspired by this finding, a dataset with first-principles adsorption energies of reaction intermediates at over 300 active-site structures for both oxides and hydroxides is computed and used to train a machine-learning model for screening the dominating factors and unveiling their intrinsic contributions. The computational work confirms that adding Fe and Co makes the original Ni (hydro)oxide reach ultra-low overpotentials below 200 mV through the modulation from hydroxide towards oxide and the formation of active-sites of ternary metallic components. A series of physical properties of the Fe, Co and Ni atoms in the active-sites are further included in the analysis, and it is found that the magnetic moment (mag) plays an important role in the OER activity. This work demonstrates the application of machine-learning methods in atomic-scale active-site engineering to understand the activity mechanism of ternary metal (hydro)oxide amorphous catalysts for water oxidation, and it has the potential to be extended to wider applications.
Cellular senescence by loss of Men1 in osteoblasts is critical for age-related osteoporosis
Authors: Kaito Takashi , Ukon Yuichiro , Hirai Hiromasa , Kitahara Takayuki , Bun Masayuki , Kodama Joe , Tateiwa Daisuke , Nakagawa Shinichi , Ikuta Masato , Furuichi Takuya , Kanie Yuya , Fujimori Takahito , Takenaka Shota , Yamamuro Tadashi , Okada Seiji , Otsuru Satoru , Yamashita Masakatsu , Imamura Takeshi
Published: May 2023

Recent evidence suggests an association between age-related osteoporosis and cellular senescence in the bone; however, the specific bone cells that play a critical role in age-related osteoporosis and the mechanism remain unknown. Results revealed that age-related osteoporosis is characterized by the loss of osteoblast Men1. Osteoblast-specific inducible knockout of Men1 caused structural changes in the mice bones, matching the phenotypes in patients with age-related osteoporosis. Histomorphometrically, Men1-knockout mice femurs decreased osteoblastic activity and increased osteoclastic activity, hallmarks of age-related osteoporosis. Loss of Men1 induces cellular senescence via activation of mTORC1 pathway, rescued by metformin treatment. In bone morphogenetic protein-indued bone model, loss of Men1 leads to accumulation of senescent cells and osteoporotic bone formation, which are ameliorated by metformin. Our results indicate that cellular senescence in osteoblasts plays a critical role in age-related osteoporosis and that osteoblast-specific inducible Men1-knockout mice offer a promising model for developing therapeutics for age-related osteoporosis.
Longitudinal modeling of human neuronal aging identifies RCAN1-TFEB pathway contributing to neurodegeneration of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Yoo Andrew , Lee Seong Won , Oh Young Mi , Victor Matheus , Strunilin Ilya , Chen Shawei , Dahiya Sonika , Dolle Roland , Pak Stephen , Silverman Gary , Perlmutter David
Published: May 2023

Aging is a common risk factor in neurodegenerative disorders and the ability to investigate aging of neurons in an isogenic background would facilitate discovering the interplay between neuronal aging and onset of neurodegeneration. Here, we perform direct neuronal reprogramming of longitudinally collected human fibroblasts to reveal genetic pathways altered at different ages. Comparative transcriptome analysis of longitudinally aged striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), a primary neuronal subtype affected in Huntington’s disease (HD), identified pathways associated with RCAN1, a negative regulator of calcineurin. Notably, RCAN1 undergoes age-dependent increase at the protein level detected in reprogrammed MSNs as well as in human postmortem striatum. In patient-derived MSNs of adult-onset HD (HD-MSNs), counteracting RCAN1 by gene knockdown (KD) rescued HD-MSNs from degeneration. The protective effect of RCAN1 KD was associated with enhanced chromatin accessibility of genes involved in longevity and autophagy, mediated through enhanced calcineurin activity, which in turn dephosphorylates and promotes nuclear localization of TFEB transcription factor. Furthermore, we reveal that G2-115 compound, an analog of glibenclamide with autophagy-enhancing activities, reduces the RCAN1-Calcineurin interaction, phenocopying the effect of RCAN1 KD. Our results demonstrate that RCAN1 is a potential genetic or pharmacological target whose reduction-of-function increases neuronal resilience to neurodegeneration in HD through chromatin reconfiguration.
Comparative Analysis for Prediction of Box–Behnken Design Based Surface Roughness for MAFM Finished Aluminium-6063/Silicon Carbide/Boron Carbide (Al-6063/SiC/B4C) Composites Using Nature Inspired Optimization Techniques
Authors: Chawla Gagandeep , Mittal Vinod Kumar , Sharma Rishi Sarup
Published: May 2023

Advanced manufacturing materials like silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and boron carbide are challenging to finish using traditional polishing and grinding procedures with accuracy, super finish and few surface flaws like micro-cracks. In recent years, magnetic field assisted manufacturing technologies have emerged as efficient methods for cleaning, deburring and polishing parts that are made of metal and high-tech engineering materials. The present research work considers the MAFM setup for experimental readings by finishing the hybrid Al/SiC/B4C-MMCs. By making use of the magnetic field to envelope the work-piece in abrasive flow machining, it can result in improving or increasing the materials removal rate along with the surface finish. At times, it becomes necessary to predict the generated surface with a high degree of precision and accuracy. This aptly requires the use of regression models for obtaining such exactness. In the present work, the MAFM process is investigated by the use of hybrid ANN approach. Here ANN is employed to model the input–output relations between the various parameters. For this, purpose, a generalized framework is designed using six inputs and two outputs. The input parameters are extrusion pressure (Ep), mesh number (M), concentration of abrasives (C), work-piece material (Wp), number of cycles (N) and magnetic flux density (Mf). In contrast, the output parameters are material removal rate (MRR) and change in surface roughness (ΔRa). The optimizations implemented through the hybrid PSO-GA-SA-PS algorithms have been used to optimize the MAFM process. Material removal has been accomplished using loosely bonded magnetic abrasive medium composed of silicone carbide (SiC) and the experiments have been carried out on a MAFM experimental setup. The main experimentation is designed by Design Expert® (12.0 version) software and a total of 54 runs are planned and implemented based upon a design matrix suggested by the Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Incidentally, the comparison shows that trained artificial neural network models have superior prediction abilities as compared to results obtained from BBD model. It is therefore concluded that the composition of the loosely bound SiC-based magnetic abrasive medium plays a significant role in how well Al/SiC/B4C finishes.
Lentiviral Engineered cells for production of miR34a loaded exosomes
Authors: Sarkami Sahar Abdi , Molavipordanjani Sajjad , Kenari Saeed Abedian , Akhtari Javad , Gill Pooria , Ghalehnoei Hossein , Khodashenas Shabanali
Published: May 2023

Background: RNA antisense emerging as novel candidates for therapeutic purposes. As an RNA, miR-34a involves in P53 function, and triggers cancer cells apoptosis. The clinical applications of miRNAs face some limitation which can be potentially resolved using exosome as a transporting vehicle.
Aims: The aim of this study is to create a cell factory to generate miR34a-enriched exosomes.
Methods: First exosome specific sequences were inserted into miR34a. The resulting miR34a gene were transduced HEK293T cells genome with a lentiviral system. In the structure of miR34a gene 6 nucleotides were substituted to increase its packaging rate into exosomes. To maintain the secondary structure, stability and expression of the miRNA gene, changes to the miR34a gene were made using PCR Extension.
Results: The results confirmed the created changes in the miR34a gene do not affect its secondary structure. The energy level of the manipulated miR34a gene was not changed in comparison with the original one.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that the induced mutation (replacing 6 nucleic acids at the 3' end of miR34a) increases loading of miR34a into the exosome by 3-fold.
Fish-bone like Cd(II)-1D coordination polymer: Structural elucidation and theoretical Study
Authors: Ghosh Soumyajyoti , Bhunia Suprava , Saha Koushik , Shit Manik , Mahapatra Pradip Kumar , Dutta Basudeb , Sinha Chittaranjan
Published: May 2023

{[Cd(5-NIPA)2(PBT)2]}n (1) [5-H2NIPA = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, PBT= 2-pyridin-4-ylbenzothiazole], 1D Coordination Polymer (1D-CP), has been synthesised and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The 1D polymeric structure of 1 is constructed by carboxylato bridging of NIPA2- where two -COO- binds in two different fashion – one is chelated while other bridges two neighbouring Cd(II) centres forming a six-membered dinunclear metallacycle. 1D chains self-assembled via H-bonding and π×××π interaction to construct a supramolecular aggregate. The Hirshfeld surface analysis also supports the persistence of different weak interactions in the compound. To get future prospects and electronic nature of compound 1 the DFT (Density Functional Theory) computation using crystallographic parameters has been performed. From the calculation it is observed that the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO is 0.29 eV. This may be an indication about the future applicability of 1 as a semiconducting material. The photo-physical properties are also investigated to understand the chemical nature of the polymeric network.
Knee osteoarthritis in Iranian women: A cross-sectional study from Yassoj, Iran
Authors: Dashtian Masoomeh , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Shirazi Kambiz Karimzade , Yazdanpanah Parviz , Maghbouli Reza , Shojaei Sarallah
Published: May 2023

Background: One of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) is knee osteoarthritis (KO), which results in patients experiencing significant pain, decreased function and range of motion, lower income, decreased social contact, and ultimately diminished quality of life. This study sought to evaluate the risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in women between the ages of 40 and 55 because several studies have shown that KO is frequent among these females.
Methods: One hundred of the 198 individual who were randomly chosen for this descriptive-analytical study were eligible and included because they met the inclusion criteria. The amount of protective behavior was assessed using a 38-item self-design checklist. Knee function and pain intensity were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and the visual analog scale (VAS). In addition, a muscle strength assessment and a self-efficacy questionnaire were applied. Using SPSS version 24, analytical tests were run on the collected data.
Results: This study showed there is a significant relationship between knee osteoarthritis and various factors such as age, body mass index, educational status, other diseases (blood pressure and diabetes), muscle strength, daily housewives’ performance, knee-protective behaviors, and self-efficacy in the field of knee-protective behaviors (P < 0.05 in all instances).
Conclusion: Providing educational and training programs for women to prevent knee osteoarthritis is highly advised since, as this study's findings showed, the majority of risk factors linked to knee discomfort from osteoarthritis can be managed.
Unplanned Operative Delivery is Associated with Decreased Perception of Control over Labor
Authors: Whelan Anna R. , Recabo Olivia , Ayala Nina K. , Clark Melissa A. , Lewkowitz Adam K
Published: May 2023

Background Unplanned operative delivery is associated with postpartum depression (PPD), but the mechanism is unknown. We aimed to assess the sense of control over labor for those who had unplanned delivery (unplanned cesarean or operative vaginal delivery: uCD/OVD) versus spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD).Methods Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey study of term patients admitted for delivery at a tertiary center. After delivery, patients completed the Labour Agentry Scale (LAS), a validated tool to assess perceived control over labor and birth. Demographics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes and LAS scores were compared between patients who underwent uCD/OVD versus SVD. Multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship between uCD/OVD and LAS score controlling for confounders that differed in the bivariate analysis.Results Of the 149 patients, 50 (33.6%) underwent uCD/OVD. There were no differences in maternal age, race/ethnicity, insurance status or education level between those who had uCD/OVD versus SVD. Patients who had uCD/OVD had higher median body mass index (BMI) than those who had SVD (33.2 vs 30.1 kg/m2, p = 0.03). There were no differences in rate of medical or psychiatric morbidity between groups. Additionally, there were no differences in reason for admission, however those who had uCD/OVD had significantly longer times to delivery than those who underwent SVD (22 vs 14 hrs, p < 0.01). Gestational age at delivery was also significantly higher for those who underwent uCD/OVD compared to SVD (40.2 vs 39.6 wks, p = 0.02). For the primary outcome, LAS scores were lower for those who underwent uCD/OVD compared to SVD (146 vs. 164, p < 0.01). This remained significant even after controlling for length of labor, BMI and gestational age at delivery (p < 0.01).Conclusions Even after accounting for length of labor, uCD/OVD is associated with a reduction in perceived control over labor, which may mediate the known increased risk of PPD. Further qualitative research is needed to examine how to better support patients’ wellbeing after uCD/OVD.
Studying the impact of marital status on diagnosis and survival prediction in pancreatic ductal carcinoma using machine learning methods
Authors: Chen Qingquan , Hu Yiming , Lin Wen , Huang Zhimin , Li Jiaxin , Lu Haibin , Dai Rongrong , You Liuxia
Published: May 2023

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a commonly occurring malignant tumor, with pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) accounting for approximately 95% of cases. According of its poor prognosis, identifying prognostic factors of pancreatic ductal carcinoma can provide physicians with a reliable theoretical foundation when predicting patient survival.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of marital status on survival outcomes of PDAC patients using propensity score matching and machine learning. The goal was to develop a prognosis prediction model specific to married patients with PDAC.
Methods: We extracted a total of 206,968 PDAC patient records from the SEER database. To ensure the baseline characteristics of married and unmarried individuals were balanced, we used a 1:1 propensity matching score. We then conducted Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional-hazards regression to examine the impact of marital status on PDAC survival before and after matching. Additionally, we developed machine learning models to predict 5-year CSS and OS for married patients with PDAC specifically.
Results: In total, 24,044 PDAC patients were included in this study. After 1:1 propensity matching, 8,043 married patients and 8,043 unmarried patients were successfully enrolled. Multivariate analysis and the Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that unmarried individuals had a poorer survival rate than their married counterparts. Among the algorithms tested, the random forest performed the best, with 0.734 5-year CSS and 0.795 5-year OS AUC.
Conclusions: This study found a significant association between marital status and survival in PDAC patients. Married patients had the best prognosis, while widowed patients had the worst. The random forest is a reliable model for predicting survival in married patients with PDAC.
Symptom patterns of long COVID and chronic illness: a cross-sectional analysis of the SulCovid-19 Study
Authors: Gonzalez Tatiane Nogueira , Steffens Tainara , Perim Laura Fontoura , Ritta Mauren , Junior Djalma Carmo Silva , Machado Karla Pereira , Neves Rosália Garcia , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Saes Mirelle Oliveira
Published: May 2023

Little is known about the natural history and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some individuals who have had COVID continue to have symptoms after acute infection, a condition known as long COVID. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the patterns of long COVID and its relationship with chronic diseases in adults and older adult residents in southern Brazil. Population-based cross-sectional study with data from the baseline of the SulCovid-19 Study. The sample consisted of 2,919 individuals with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 between December 2020 and March 2021. For the construction of the outcome, 18 symptoms were evaluated. The exhibits were the medical diagnoses of 11 chronic diseases. Symptom patterns were identified using principal component analysis, and associations of patterns with chronic diseases were determined using Poisson regression. Four patterns of long COVID were identified. The cognitive pattern was the most prevalent (20.5%; 95% CI 19.0;22.0), followed by respiratory (15.7%; 95% CI 14.4;17.1), neuromusculoskeletal (15.4%; 95% CI 14.1;16.7) and neurosensory (14.0%; 95% CI 12.8;15.3). Heart problems, anxiety and back problems were associated with all patterns. Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection may constitute pattern behavior. Chronic illnesses increase the likelihood of developing long COVID symptom patterns.
Analyzing the effectiveness of digital technology in Vaccine Supply Management in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Metiboba Loveth , Katuka Abdullahi , Adam Thompson , Giwa Zikrullah , Fagge Rabiu , Haidar Nada , Akpan David , Howeidy Fatima , Ngwokwe Ifeanyi
Published: May 2023

Background
Poor vaccine stock management is a major challenge to targeted immunization coverage in Nigeria. Digital health tools are used to promote public health interventions. This study evaluated the impact of LoMIS Stock, a digital health tool, on vaccine stock management in Kano State. We deployed the quasi-experimental design using a mixed method to generate data for impact. We interviewed 109 stakeholders (66 in Kano; the state exposed to LoMIS; 43 in Bauchi; the comparison state). We measured LoMIS Stock usage rate, timeliness of reporting, facility stock-outs, and data-driven decision-making. The Analysis of Variance and T-tests were used to determine effect and compare difference of means. Using time series analysis (expert modeler), we forecasted the trend of stock-outs in Kano State if LoMIS Stock had not been introduced. All qualitative data was analyzed with Atlas Ti software.
Results
We found that 62% of participants reported using the tool for stock reports three years after its deployment. Twenty-four (24) hour response to stock-out alerts and Cold Chain Equipment breakdown improved by 67% and 49% respectively. Significantly, stock-out alerts reduced by 88% as compared to only 29% in Bauchi State within the same period. It was found that stock-out events would have increased if LoMIS Stock had not been introduced in Kano State.All partners interviewed affirmed the impulse of LoMIS on improved vaccine visibility that led to timely response.
Conclusions
LoMIS stock has significantly reduced stock-out experiences and improved vaccine visibility and accountability in health facilities. There are more opportunities for LoMIS Stock optimization.
RETRACTED: QTL mapping of downy mildew resistance in foxtail millet by SLAF‑seq and BSR-seq analysis
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhang Nuo , Sun Yurong , Fu Zhenxin , Zhang Tianhan , Han Yuanhuai , Yang Yang , Jia Jichun , Hou Siyu , Zhang Baojun
Published: May 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
M6a Regulator-Mediated RNA Methylation modification Patterns Correlated With Prognosis Value and Immune Response in Adenocarcinoma of lung
Authors: Mu Junhao , Zhang Yuezhou , Xu Li , Li Yishi , Huang Jing , Li Weiyi , Ao Min , Dai Haiyun , Liu Jing , Guo Shuliang , Yang Li
Published: May 2023

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the main cause of death of cancer patients worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of significance in the prognosis and immunotherapy response of LUAD. Therefore, it is important to identify lncRNAs related to m6A modification and construct a prognostic risk model in LUAD patients.
Method：The expression of writers, readers and erasers of m6A related to LUAD were get from TCGA database. The m6A-related lncRNAs were identified from TCGA by the co-expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis screened out the m6A-related lncRNAs which were valuable for prognosis in LUAD. LUAD patients were divided into different subgroups by consistent cluster analysis. The potential biological function mechanisms of different subgroups were analyzed by KEGG enrichment, and explored the differences of tumor immune microenvironment between subgroups. Finally, the prognostic risk model of prognosis-related m6A-related lncRNA was constructed by lasso regression, and detected its effect on immune microenvironment.
Results: We found that there were differences in the expression of writers, readers and erasers of m6A in LUAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues and identified abundant coexpressed lncRNAs. Thirty-two lncRNAs with prognostic value related to m6A were identified. Based on prognosis-related m6A-related lncRNAs, we divided LUAD patients into different subgroups by consistent cluster analysis, analyzed the difference in prognosis in the subgroups, and assessed the expression of m6A-related lncRNAs in different subgroups and the relationship between m6A-related lncRNAs and clinical factors. Tumor-related NOTCH, ERBB, cell cycle, MOTR, p53 and WNT signaling pathways were found to be enriched in Cluster 2 by KEGG. Moreover, we found that there was a significant correlation with immune checkpoint genes and the tumor immune microenvironment between the two clusters. A risk prognosis model was constructed by prognostic-related m6A-associated lncRNAs and further confirmed in the external cohort. Furthermore, the m6A-related risk model can effectively predict the prognosis and survival status of patients with LUAD. Finally, there are differences in risk models between immune checkpoint genes and the tumor immune microenvironment.
Conclusion: Our study constructed a prognostic risk model based on m6A-related lncRNAs with independent prognostic value and revealed the role of this model and lncRNAs in the tumor immune microenvironment. This finding suggests a new development prospect forimmunotherapy strategies in LUAD.
Ab initio calculation of the structural, electronic, thermal, optical properties of BAs, BP, BN and BBi coumpounds : optoelectronic application
Authors: Megdoud Yousra , Lakel Abdelghani. , Tairi Latifa , Bourahla Nassima , Meneceur Redha. , Ghemid Sebti , Meradji Hocine
Published: May 2023

Ab initio calculations were carried out on the structural, electronic, and thermal and optical properties of the binary compounds BP ,BAs,BN and BP in the different phases zinc blende (B3), NaCl (B1), CsCl (B2), NiAs (B8) and wirtzite (B4).We used the augmented linearized plane wave method (FP-LAPW) based on the functional theory of density (DFT). The exchange-correlation potential (XC) was processed through the generalized gradient approximation developed by Wu-Cohen (WC-GGA) to optimize the appropriate structural parameters. Moreover, the modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) method is applied to determine the electronic band structure of BP, BAs, BN and BBi semiconductors. The thermal effects on certain macroscopic properties of binary compounds and alloys have been studied using the quasi-harmonic model of Debye, in which the phononic effects are considered. The dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient and reflectivity has studied of optical properties. The results assert that the zinc blende structure is the stable phase with an indirect band gap.
Comprehensive Study of Algal Blooms Variation in Jiaozhou Bay Based on Google Earth Engine and Deep Learning
Authors: Guan Bin , Ning Shaowei , Ding Xu , Kang Dawei , Song Jiale , Yuan Hongwei
Published: May 2023

Jiaozhou Bay is one of China's most important marine ecosystems, experiencing increasingly prominent harmful algal blooms due to water quality deterioration and eutrophication. This study utilized the floating algae index (FAI), which was calculated from MODIS and Sentinel-2 satellite image datasets, to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of harmful algae blooms in Jiaozhou Bay between 2000 and 2022. The study discovered that the frequency of planktonic algal outbreaks was low and constant until 2017, but has increased annually since then. Algae blooms are most common in the summer, and the outbreak area is primarily concentrated in the bay's coast, middle and mouth, with obvious seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics. Several factors influencing algal outbreaks were identified in the study, including sea surface temperature, wind speed, air pressure, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus ratios, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and petroleum pollutants. Furthermore, according to the study, algal bloom outbreaks in Jiaozhou Bay are expected to remain high in 2023. Overall, the findings of this study provide crucial information for the management of water quality, as well as the prediction and prevention of future algal outbreaks in Jiaozhou Bay.
The effect of intra-nasal insulin & growth factor-rich serum administration on memory and behavior defects induced by icv-STZ rat model and correlation analysis of hippocampus oxidative-nitrosative state with spatial memory and anxiogenic behavior
Authors: Ghaffari Mahdi Khorsand , Rafati Ali , Karbalaei Narges , Haghani Masoud , Nemati Marzieh , Sefati Niloofar , Namavar Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2023

Impaired insulin and growth factor functions are thought to drive many of the alterations observed in neurodegenerative disease and seem to contribute to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Recent studies revealed that nasal growth factor therapy could induce neuroprotection in brain damage induction models for rodents. In the present study. Growth factor-rich serum (GFRS) is a serum separated from activated platelets used intranasally with the cotreatment of insulin to examine the effects of intranasal treatments on memory and behavioral defects induced by icv-STZ rat model and the correlation of hippocampus oxidative state with memory and behavior scores analyzed. We found that icv-STZ injection (3 mg/kg bilaterally) impairs spatial learning and memory in Morris Water Maze (MWM), leads to anxiogenic-like behavior in the open field arena, and induces oxidative stress in the hippocampus. GFRS (1µl/kg, each other day, 9 doses) and regular insulin (4 U/40 µl, daily, 18 doses) treatments improved learning and memory and induced anxiolysis. The present study showed that cotreatment (GFRS + insulin with respective dose) has stronger protection against hippocampus oxidative stress in comparison with a single therapy. Memory and behavioral improvements with insulin and GFRS could be attributed to the oxidative stress reduction in the hippocampus as shown by significant correlation between hippocampus oxidative-nitrosative stress and memory/behavior scores.
Curvilinear models of Physicochemical Propertiesof Benzenoid Hydrocarbons with Some ClosedNeighborhood Degree-Based MolecularDescriptors
Authors: Chamua Monjit , Buragohain Jibonjyoti , Boruah Tarun , Bharali A
Published: May 2023

Topological indices are best known for their exceptional applications, especially in the QSPR and QSAR studies. The importance of topological indices may be attributed to their ability to decode relevant information about chemical molecules. The main aim of this communication is to study the predictive ability of three hitherto topological indices of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons defined in terms of the notion of the closed neighborhood degree of a vertex. We also compare via regression models the indices with the existing 5 reduced reverse degree-based and 16 degree-based topological indices studied by Ravi et al. in 2023. In this work, we also attempt to scrutinize the indices having a less predictive potential of physicochemical properties of chemical molecules using various statistical tools.
AMS Classification (2010): 05C10, 94C15, 92E10.
Impact of climatic factors on the temporal trend of Malaria in India from 1961 to 2021
Authors: Mayilsamy Muniaraj , Veeramanoharan Rajamannar , Jain Kamala , Balakrishnan Vijayakumar , Rajaiah Paramasivan , Kumar Ashwani
Published: May 2023

Background
Malaria remains a significant public health problem in India. Although temperature influences Anopheline mosquito feeding intervals, population density, and longevity, the reproductive potential of the Plasmodium parasite and rainfall influences the availability of larval habitats, evidence to correlate the climatic factors with malaria is limited. Understanding the influence of climatic factors on malaria will help us predict the disease's future spread and intensification. Hence, the temporal trend of climatic factors such as annual average maximum, minimum, mean temperature, and rainfall was compared with the annual incidence of malaria cases in India for the period of 61 years from 1961 to 2021 and relative humidity for the period of 41 years from 1981 to 2021 to find out the relationship of climatic factors on the incidence of malaria cases.
Methods
Two different analyses were done. In the first analysis, the annual incidence of malaria and the meteorological parameters such as annual maximum, minimum, and mean temperature, annual rainfall, and relative humidity were plotted separately with each of the climatic factors in the graph to see if the temporal trend of climatic factors has any coherence or influence over the annual incidence of malaria cases. A polynomial trendline at order 6 that showed the maximum R2 value was drawn for malaria cases and each of the meteorological factors. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for both square roots of malaria cases vs. each of the climatic factors. The P-value, R2-value, and N-value were also determined. In the second analysis, a multiple linear regression model was used to identify the associated climatic factors with malaria cases. The prevalence of malaria per million population was also calculated.
Results
In the first analysis, the annual malaria cases showed a negative correlation of varying degrees with relative humidity, minimum, maximum, and mean temperature, except for rainfall which showed a positive correlation. In the second analysis, out of the total 61 years studied, in 29 years, malaria cases went more than 1000 square root when the minimum temperature was at 18°-19°C, 33 years when the maximum temperature was 30°-31°, 37 years when the mean temperature was 24°-25°, 20 years when the rainfall was in the range of 100–120 and 29 years when the relative humidity was at 55–65%.
Barycentric Lagrange Interpolation Method for Solving Love’s Integral Equations
Authors: Shoukralla E. S. , Ahmed B. M.
Published: May 2023

‫ـــــ‬ In this paper, we presented a new simple method for solving two integral equations of Love’s type that have many applications, especially in electrostatic systems. The approach of the solution is based on an innovative technique using matrix algebra for the barycentric Lagrange interpolation. The unknown function is expressed through the product of four matrices, one of which is a square matrix in which each row expresses the coefficients of one barycentric function. The kernel is interpolated twice, so we get it in the product of five matrices. One of these matrices is the most important matrix in the solution’s procedure. As it expresses the functional values of the kernel at the interpolation nodes for the two variables. Additionally, we derive an equivalent linear algebraic system to the solution by substituting the matrix-vector barycentric interpolated unknown function together with the double interpolated kernel into both sides of the integral equation. Thus, there was no need to employ the collocation method. The obtained results converge strongly with the approximate analytical solutions. In addition to being uniformly approximated, continuous, and even, which proves the validity of the solution by the presented method. MSC code: 00A69
Comparison of different multi-laser powder bed fusion exposure strategies and their influence on the part quality of IN718
Authors: Pfalz Tino , Rota Astrid , Saeidnezhad Nazila , Leyens Christoph
Published: May 2023

Multi-laser powder bed fusion (M-LPBF) systems, characterized by large building envelopes and multiple lasers, have become increasingly prevalent in industrial additive manufacturing. The increased build rate of these machines relative to single laser systems offers the potential to drastically reduce the cost per part. However, one major challenge with M-LPBF is that often multiple lasers are needed to build a single part. Therefore, the exposure area must be divided, and the segments must be assigned to different lasers. Various strategies for splitting the exposure area are available, but their influence on part quality remains yet to be determined. This study aims to investigate the impact of the fixed exposure border, variable exposure border, and segmented stripes M-LPBF exposure strategy on the part quality of samples built with two lasers compared to samples built with one laser. Therefore, the porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties of IN718 samples were evaluated. The research shows that the fixed exposure border strategy resulted in a localized increase in porosity at the border or within the overlap area between segmented exposure areas, as well as grain coarsening and increased texture within the remelted areas. The variable exposure strategy also resulted in a higher porosity level, but the microstructure was more like the single laser reference sample. These changes resulted in a minor decrease in mechanical properties. The segmented stripes strategy exhibited a similar microstructure and mechanical properties to the single laser reference, making it the most suitable approach for M-LPBF in industrial applications.
Controlled Prospective Study on Ultrasound Simulation Training in Fetal Echocardiography: FESIM II
Authors: Janzing Paul , Nourkami-Tutdibi Nasenien , Tutdibi Erol , Freundt Paula , Von Ostrowski Thomas , Langer Martin , Zemlin Michael , Steinhard Johannes
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To analyze the learning curves of ultrasound novices in fetal echocardiography during structured simulation-based ultrasound training (SIM-UT) including a virtual, randomly moving fetus.
Methods: 11 medical students with minimal (<10h) prior obstetric ultrasound experience underwent 12 hours of structured fetal echo SIM-UT in individual hands-on sessions during a 6-week training program. Their learning progress was assessed with standardized tests after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of SIM-UT. Participants were asked to obtain 11 fetal echo standard planes (in accordance with ISUOG and AHA guidelines) as quickly as possible. All tests were carried out under real life examination-like conditions on a healthy, randomly moving fetus. Subsequently, we analyzed the rate of correctly obtained images and the total time to completion (TTC). As reference groups, 10 Ob/Gyn physicians (median of 750 previously performed Ob/Gyn scans) and 10 fetal echo experts (median of 15000 previously performed Ob/Gyn scans) were examined with the same standardized tests.
Results: The students showed a consistent and steady improvement of their ultrasound performance during the training program. After 2 weeks, they were able to obtain >95% of the standard planes correctly. After 6 weeks, they were significantly faster than the physician group (p<0.001) and no longer significantly slower than the expert group (p=0.944).
Conclusion: SIM-UT is highly effective to learn fetal echocardiography. Regarding the acquisition of the AHA/ISUOG fetal echo standard planes, the students were able to reach the same skill level as the expert group within six weeks.
Assessing Unmet Needs in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Chadha Simran A. , Stout Molly , Goyal Parul Kathuria , Nguyen Cuong , Lu Kurt
Published: May 2023

Background: The diagnosis and management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) varies greatly between providers, often resulting in gaps in care including diagnostic delays and poor outcomes. As dermatologists strive to improve HS management, understanding patient perspectives is key.
Objective: This study aims to characterize existing gaps in HS care as understood through patients’ experiences.
Methods: This study recruited adult patients with a diagnosis of HS seen at dermatology practices affiliated with Northwestern University. Data was collected through participant surveys and three semi-structured focus groups. Focus group meetings were transcribed verbatim and data was abstracted into themes using conventional content analysis.
Results: Six final themes were abstracted after review of 20 pages of transcribed conversation. Four themes centered on improved medical management of HS (access to care, disease-modifying therapies, symptom treatment, prevention of treatment related adverse events). Two themes centered on supportive care (mental health support, specialized daily wear products).
Limitations: Limitations of this study include single-center recruitment and recall bias introduced by the focus group format.
Conclusion: This study identifies six unmet needs for patients with HS and highlights the efficacy of a virtual format for research, conversation, and possibly clinical engagement. Moreover, multiple themes underscore the need for further collaboration across specialties in managing HS.
BBD optimized antioxidants of Crotalaria candicans and its nanoconjugates, exert potent in vivo anti-biofilm effects against MRSA
Authors: Subramani Ramya M. , Lotha Robert , Shamprasad Bhanuvalli R. , Sridha Sriram , Natesan Ravichandran , Nagarajan Saisubramanian , Sivasubramanian Arvind
Published: May 2023

Crotalariagenus is extensively dispersed in tropical and subtropical provinces, and it is found to harbor antioxidant flavonoids (CCF). For this purpose, the extraction efficiency of a suitable solvent which can maximize the yield along with higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC)/Quercetin Equivalence (QRET) was attempted. Further optimization, evaluating variables such as solid-solvent ratio, extraction solvents and yield, was done using Response Surface Methodology. The optimized conditions were found as Aqueous- Solvent ethanol (53.42%), Solid-solvent ratio (1:15.83 w/v) and temperature (44.42 °C) to obtain the TFC as 176.23mg QRET/g C. candicans extract, and also to yield 27.42 mg CCF/g (C. candicans dry weight). LC-MS analysis of CCF, revealed the presence of seven flavonoids. The antioxidant flavonoids were further used to functionalize the zero-valent silver (ZVAgF) and copper (ZVCuF) nanoparticles and their efficacy as antibiofilm agents on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the mechanism studies have been explored. The MRSA-colony count from the infection zebrafish (in vivo) model, portrayed a reduction of >1.9 fold for ZVCuF and >2 fold for ZVAgF, with no alteration in liver morphology when treated with ZVAgF, implying that the nanoparticles were safe and biocompatible.
What can neutralizing antibodies tell us about the quality of immunity in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees?
Authors: Halassy Beata , Ravlić Sanda , Kurtović Tihana , Krajinović Lidija Cvetko , Hećimović Ana , Miloš Marija , Lukačević Sanja Mateljak , Markotić Alemka
Published: May 2023

In the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed an impressive speed in the development of effective vaccines approved for human use, based on clinical studies comparing their efficacy to placebo. A head-to-head comparison of the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses elicited by four vaccines used in Europe during 2021 (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx nCoV-19, Ad26.COV2.S) and their comparison to NAb responses in convalescents showed that while the amount was comparable, NAbs induced by natural infection were of superior quality. The highly scattered immune responses elicited by the four vaccines were equalled by booster mRNA vaccination, reaching the highest, plateau level of NAb at the population level. Equally high NAbs were induced in convalescents after a single injection of either vaccine. The use of wild-type virus as a challenge in the NAb determination revealed that NAbs produced by disease were better activators of the complement system than NAbs induced by vaccination. The contribution of spike protein-specific IgGs to the SARS-CoV-2 neutralization was lower in convalescents compared to vaccinees, indicating that those who recovered from COVID-19 were armed with antibodies of additional specificities and/or classes that contributed to virus neutralization. Such findings point to the need to re-examine the correctness of certain epidemiological measures applied in the current epidemic. We also highlight the importance of a standardized approach in assessing humoral immunity by the usage of the most comprehensive assays as early as possible in future epidemics.
Circulatory physiology and haematopoiesis of Channa punctatus under piscicidal toxicity of Acacia auriculiformis pericarp
Authors: Saha Beauty , Saha Samar K
Published: May 2023

Acacia auriculiformis pericarp preparation (APP) has been recently introduced as a piscicide of choice to substitute Mohua (Bassia latifolia) oil cake (MOC). The present study aims to evaluate its effect on circulatory physiology and haematopoiesis of Channa punctatus to justify its mode of action as a piscicide. Profound alterations in the circulatory physiology of Channa punctatus with oligocythemic hypochromic anaemia and significant mobilization of immature cells from the erythropoietic lineage into circulation are evident under APP exposure. A relationship of hypoxia-induced Epo expression with erythropoietic dynamics has been drawn under LC0 APP exposure. However, at both LC50 and LC100 exposure erythropoietic insufficiency and subsequent erythropenia are recorded. The principal secondary metabolite of APP, saponin is held responsible for membrane destabilization, pore formation, and several topographical alterations of erythrocytes. The exocytosis of haemoglobin is confirmed quantitatively and qualitatively. Retention of plasma Hb among the treated fish is substantiated through direct and indirect bilirubin content of blood and the physiological relevance of such condition has been interpreted. Leucocytosis and more specifically neutrocytosis at the initial exposure period observed as an immediate defensive mechanism which is ultimately broken down with exposure concentration and duration. The treated fish develops thrombocytosis as a haemostatic mechanism to check haemorrhage, but the circulatory deficiency ultimately leads to death of the fish.
Novel EEG metric correlates with intracranial pressure in an animal model
Authors: Pose Fernando , Ciarrocchi Nicolas , Videla Carlos , Garcia Maria del Carmen , Goldenberg Fernando D. , Issa Naoum P. , Lazaridis Christos , Mansour Ali , Redelico Francisco O.
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) can be continuously and reliably measured using invasive monitoring through an external ventricular catheter or an intraparenchymal probe. We explore Electroencephelograhy (EEG) to identify a reliable real time, non-invasive ICP correlate.
Methods
Utilizing a previously described porcine model of intracranial hypertension, we examine the cross correlation between ICP time series and the slope of the EEG power spectral density as described by Φ. We calculate Φ= tan−1(slope of PSD) and normalized it by π where slope is that of the power-law fit (log frequency versus log power) to the power spectral density of the EEG signal. Additionally, we explore the relationship between the Φ time series and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). A total of 11 intracranial hypertension episodes across three different animals are studied.
Results
Mean correlation between Φ-angle and ICP was -0.85 (0.15); mean correlation with CPP was 0.92 (0.02). Significant correlation occurred at zero lag. In the absence of intracranial hypertension, the absolute value of the Φ-angle was greater than 0.9 (mean 0.936 radians). However, during extreme intracranial hypertension causing cerebral circulatory arrest, the Φ-angle is on average below 0.9 radians (mean 0.855 radians).
Conclusion
EEG Φ-angle is a promising real-time noninvasive measure of ICP/cerebral perfusion using surface electroencephalography. While intra-species variation is presumably minimal, validation in human subjects is needed.
Electrocardiographic Findings in Genotype-Positive and Non-Sarcomeric Children with Definite Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Subclinical Variant Carriers.
Authors: Anvekar Priyanka , Stephens Paul , Caldero-Anyosa Renzo JC. , Kauffman Hunter , Burstein Danielle S. , Ritter Alyssa L. , Ahrens-Nicklas Rebecca C. , Vetter Victoria L. , Banerjee Anirban
Published: May 2023

Background
In children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the genotype-phenotype association of abnormal electrocardiographic (ECG) features in the backdrop of gene positivity have not been well described. This study aimed to describe abnormal ECG findings in children with HCM harboring genetic variants and determine the association with Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 81 variants positive, phenotype positive (V+P+), 66 variant positive, phenotype negative (V+P-), and 85 non-sarcomeric subjects. We analyzed ECG findings and clinical outcomes in these three groups.
Results
Combined ST and T wave changes and pathologic Q waves were the most common abnormalities in variant and non-sarcomeric subjects. The V+P+ group showed higher occurrence of ST segment changes and T wave abnormalities compared to V+P- group. Independent predictors of MACE included ST segment changes, (OR=3.54, CI= 1.20-10.47, p=0.022). T wave changes alone did not predict outcome (OR=2.13, CI= 0.75-6.07, p=0.157), but combined repolarization abnormalities (ST+T changes) were strong predictors of MACE (OR= 5.84, CI=1.43-23.7, p=0.014) than ST segment changes alone. Maximal wall z-score by echocardiography was a predictor of MACE (OR=1.21, CI=1.07-1.37, p=0.002). Despite significant myocardial hypertrophy (z score>4.7), voltage criteria for LVH were much less predictive. In the non-sarcomeric group, RVH was significantly associated with MACE (OR=3.85, CI= 1.08-13.73, p= 0.038).
Conclusion
Abnormal ECG findings described in subjects with known genetic status and myocardial hypertrophy, may add incremental value to the diagnosis and surveillance of disease progression in children with HCM. Select ECG findings, particularly repolarization abnormalities, may serve as predictors of MACE.