bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and atypical pneumonia: a comparative study
Authors: Çıvgın Esra , Parlak İzzet Selçuk , Güneş Yasin Celal , Bahadır Gülsüm Kübra , Karalezli Ayşegül
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) has an important role in the rapid diagnosis, treatment, and management of lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to explore different imaging characteristics between Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and atypical pneumonia (non-COVID-19) on chest CT of patients admitted to the emergency department.
Methodology: CT features of 120 patients with positive Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 83 patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR but positive respiratory tract sample test results for other respiratory pathogens were retrospectively evaluated, findings were recorded and compared between the two groups.
Results: Compared to non-COVID-19, COVID-19 patients were more likely to have a peripheral (60.5% vs. 23.8%, p < 0.001) and bilateral distribution (72.3% vs. 41.3%, p < 0.001), patchy consolidations (45% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.021), ground glass opacity (GGO) (94.2% vs. 83.1%, p = 0.011), crazy paving patterns (55% vs. 31.3%, p < 0.001); but less likely to have centrilobular nodules (15% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.001), pleural effusion (3.3% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.032), multifocal consolidations (7.5% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.003), and random distribution (1.7% vs. 46.3%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: There were significant differences between the CT patterns of patients with COVID-19 and other atypical pneumonia. The presence of patchy consolidations, GGO, crazy paving patterns with typical peripheral, bilateral distribution, and absence of centrilobular nodules, pleural effusion, and multifocal consolidations may help to differentiate COVID-19 from atypical pneumonia.
Elevated circulating TLR4+ monocytes in patients with liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is associated with advanced periductal fibrosis
Authors: Salao Kanin , Thapphan Chakrit , Thai Tran Duong , Faksri Kiatichai , Suttiprapa Sutas , Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Sripa B Banchob , Edwards Steven W
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection can lead to several disease manifestations of the bile duct including advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) and the most severe complication, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Monocytes migrate to the infection site and differentiate into tissue macrophages to express and release molecules such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and growth factors. TLR4+ monocytes are classified as having a pro-tumor phenotype and secrete tumor-promoting factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis.
Methodology: We used flow cytometry to measure the number of TLR4+ monocytes in the circulating blood of Ov infected patients with or without APF compared to healthy, non-Ov-infected controls.
Results: We found, for the first time, that patients with AFP have elevated numbers of circulating TLR4+ monocytes when compared to patients without fibrosis and healthy individuals. Intriguingly, when we measured ROS from these monocytes, we found increased ROS production in patients with APF.
Conclusions: We propose that excessive production of ROS from these TLR4+ monocytes may lead to excessive injury of surrounding tissue and hence contribute to the pathological processes that lead to the development of advanced periductal fibrosis.
Exposure to COVID-19 among unvaccinated healthcare personnel and risk for infection: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Candevir Aslıhan , Ertürk Damla , Kuşcu Ferit , Kömür Süheyla , Saygideğer Yasemin , Inal A. Seza , Özyilmaz Ezgi , Kurtaran Behice , Taşova Yeşim
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Characteristics of exposure and infection risk, are important in strategy development for infection control among healthcare workers (HCWs). Our objective was to investigate the characteristics of exposure of HCWs to SARS-CoV-2 and determine the risk of COVID-19 development.
Methodology: This is a retrospective single-center cohort study, conducted between March and December 2020. Unvaccinated and exposed HCWs were asked to complete a standard form, including demographic data and characteristics of exposure(s). Exposures were stratified according to national guidelines. STROBE checklist was used.
Results: Among a total of 4,385 healthcare workers, 1,483 HCWs (33.8%) with a total of 1,903 exposures to SARS-CoV-2 were identified. Median age was 31 (IQR: 26-40) years and 45.4% were male (N = 673). Following exposure, 78 HCWs became SARS-CoV-2-positive (attack rate: 3.9%) and secondary attack rate was 4/16. In terms of infection, exposure to SARS-CoV-2-positive HCWs posed a greater risk compared to contact with patients (8.9%, [n = 66] vs. 3.8% [n = 12], respectively, p = 0.003). PCR positivity rates were 11.5%, 6.3%, and 8.4% for low, medium, and high-risk contacts (p = 0.152). Median time to infection post-exposure was 7 (IQR: 4-13) days.
Conclusions: Given the attack rates, there was no correlation between risk levels and PCR test positivity rates. There was no difference between HCWs with or without work restrictions, in terms of PCR positivity. Due to feasibility issues, prioritizing universally applied symptom screening and resource control strategies and suspending contact tracing and work restrictions, appear to be safe during high prevalence period.
Small rodent monitoring at Birkebeiner Road, Norway
Authors: Neby Magne , Andreassen Harry , Milleret Cyril , Pedersen Simen , Peris Tamayo Ana-Maria , Carriondo Sánchez David , Versluijs Erik , Zimmermann Barbara
Published: September 2023

Northern small mammal populations are renowned for their multi-annual population cycles. Population cycles are multi-faceted and have extensive impacts on the rest of the ecosystem. In 2011, we started a student-based research activity to monitor the variation of small rodent density along an elevation gradient following the Birkebeiner Road, in southeast Norway. Fieldwork was conducted by staff and students at the University campus Evenstad, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, which has a long history of researching cyclic population dynamics. The faculty has a strong focus on engaging students in all parts of the research activities, including data collection. Small rodents were monitored using a set of snap trap stations. Trapped animals were measured (e.g. body mass, body length, sex) and dissected to assess their reproductive status. We also characterised the vegetation at trapping sites.

We provide a dataset of small rodent observations that show fluctuating population dynamics across an elevation gradient (300 m to 1,100 m a.s.l) and in contrasting habitats. This dataset encompasses three peaks of the typical 3-4-year vole population cycles; the number of small rodents and shrews captured show synchrony and peaked in years 2014, 2017 and 2021. The bank vole Myodes glareolus was by far (87%) the most common species trapped, but also other species were observed (including shrews). We provide digital data collection forms and highlight the importance of long-term data collection.
Phylogenetic relationships, distribution, and conservation of Roosmalens’ dwarf porcupine, Coendou roosmalenorum Voss & da Silva, 2001 (Rodentia, Erethizontidae)
Authors: Menezes Fernando Heberson , Semedo Thiago Borges Fernandes , Saldanha Juliane , Garbino Guilherme Siniciato Terra , Fernandes-Ferreira Hugo , Cordeiro-Estrela Pedro , da Costa Itayguara Ribeiro
Published: September 2023

The New World porcupines of the genus Coendou comprise 16 species of arboreal nocturnal rodents. Some of these species are poorly known and have not been included in phylogenetic analyses. Based on recently collected specimens with associated tissue from the Brazilian Amazonia, we investigate the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of Roosmalens’ dwarf porcupine, Coendou roosmalenorum, using an integrative approach using mitochondrial gene sequences and morphological data from new specimens and localities. Our results recovered C. roosmalenorum in the subgenus Caaporamys. However, analyses of our molecular and combined datasets produced different topologies. The new record shows the presence of C. roosmalenorum 480 km to the southeast of the Rio Madeira and 95 km away from Rio Juruena in Mato Grosso state, indicating a wider distribution in southern Amazonia than suspected. All known records of C. roosmalenorum are in the Madeira biogeographical province, to which it might be endemic.
Hiérarchisation des valeurs et prise de décision en situations extrêmes : le cas des équipes militaires
Authors: Dugoin-Clément Christine , Lamarque Éric , Frimousse Soufyane
Published: September 2023

Cet article exploratoire analyse l’influence de la hiérarchisation des valeurs sur la prise de décision en situations extrêmes, plus particulièrement dans le domaine militaire. L’article présente le degré et l’homogénéité d’adhésion des agents au corpus idéologique qui définit l’identité de leur organisation avant d’interroger l’incidence de divergences dans la hiérarchisation de ces valeurs entre collaborateurs et organisation, plus particulièrement dans la perspective où ces écarts, en altérant la confiance des personnels, induiraient des prises de décisions non conformes aux consignes données par la structure. Cette étude qualitative fait ressortir les écarts qui existent entre la hiérarchisation des valeurs, telle que voulue par l’organisation, et celle finalement retenue par les collaborateurs. Elle montre aussi des divergences entre les différents niveaux hiérarchiques au sein du groupe. Enfin, l’article propose plusieurs pistes de réflexion sur l’origine de ces écarts .
Craving Sweet Success: A Recipe for Developing a Global Health Education Consortium (or Any Consortium, for That Matter)
Authors: Pitt Michael B. , Butteris Sabrina M. , Howard Cynthia R. , Schubert Charles , Fischer Philip R. , Bothe Denise , St Clair Nicole E.
Published: September 2023

More than a decade ago, two faculty met at a conference. Each talked about how they were charged with leading global health education efforts at their institutions and longed to have an opportunity to share resources and learn from each other. After reaching out to a few other Midwestern colleagues and finding a date, the first Midwest Consortium of Global Child Health Educators meeting was held in Madison, WI. Now, after a dozen annual meetings, more than 30 articles, chapters, abstracts, and workshops, as well as the creating, piloting, and sharing of several widely used curricula in global health education, the founding consortium members share the practical steps for faculty looking to form similar regional consortia around shared interests. In this article, the authors provide a recipe for the successful formation of an academic consortium based on the lessons learned from their experience.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2023;52(9):e351–e356.]
Dynamics analysis of a diffusional immunosuppressive infection model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response
Authors: Xue Yuan , Xu Jinli , Ding Yuting
Published: September 2023

This paper introduces diffusion into an immunosuppressive infection model with virus stimulation delay and Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. First, we study the stability of positive constant steady state solution and show that the Hopf bifurcation will exist under certain conditions. Second, we derive the normal form of the Hopf bifurcation for the model reduced on the center manifold by using the multiple time scales (MTS) method. Moreover, the direction and stability of the bifurcating periodic solution are investigated. Finally, we present numerical simulations to verify the results of theoretical analysis and provide corresponding biological explanations.
Astérix en Amérique : la réception d’Astérix sur le marché nord-américain
Authors: Gabilliet Jean-Paul
Published: September 2023

Dans The World Encyclopedia of Comics, Horn écrivait : « There are a few good things in Astérix […] but the basic plot is tiresome and Goscinny’s endless stream of bad puns and chauvinistic asides make this quite unpleasant as a strip. » En utilisant cette citation comme exergue, cette contribution se propose d’analyser la réception d’Astérix sur le marché nord-américain depuis les années 1960 en examinant ouvrages américains d’histoire de la bande dessinée, revues spécialisées, grands journaux et magazines (le New York Times consacre un article à Astérix dès le 12 septembre 1966), critiques cinématographiques, ainsi que les (fort rares) allusions à Astérix dans la bande dessinée nord-américaine. Il s’agit d’esquisser les conditions de réception d’une bande dessinée conçue dans un cadre français, sans visées préalables d’exportation, d’observer comment a été reçue l’interprétation par Goscinny du motif super-héroïque et dans quelle mesure les lecteurs américains ont perçu dans Astérix quoi que ce soit de la formation new-yorkaise du scénariste.
L’Incommunication au miroir d’Astérix, ou la théorie assistée par la bande dessinée
Authors: Robert Pascal
Published: September 2023

Conçue comme une mise en péril de l’interaction sociale et verbale, l’incommunication repose sur un écart dans la relation entre un énoncé et les conditions de son énonciation. Dans la production de Goscinny et d’Uderzo, il est un album qui met particulièrement en lumière ce concept dans son rapport avec la normativité. Il s’agit de La Zizanie, dont la présente étude démonte le mécanisme par une analyse des situations dans lesquelles l’incommunication se manifeste. Alors que le village gaulois est d’ordinaire le lieu du vivre et du parler ensemble, l’irruption d’un Romain envoyé par César pour semer la discorde met au jour la fragilité du lien qui unit la communauté. Entre cris, silences et distorsion communicationnelle, l’éventail des dommages causés est large. Au-delà de cette trame narrative, l’incommunication exposée est à considérer comme une manière plus implicite des auteurs d’évoquer la crise, contemporaine, dans le journal Pilote.
Jeux et enjeux dans la traduction en latin du dernier Astérix
Authors: Collognat Annie
Published: September 2023

L’un des premiers défis de la traduction en latin du dernier album d’Astérix fut de trouver des équivalents aux termes modernes (fusée, ordinateur, clone, etc.), sans compter les américanismes comme shérif. Il s’agissait aussi de répondre au souhait de l’éditeur en inventant pour chaque personnage un nom latin qui fasse sens et jeu de mots. Il fallait également mettre en œuvre un texte relativement simple pour ceux qui ne maîtrisent pas suffisamment le latin, adapter le registre de langue, dont un équivalent peut être trouvé avec le théâtre comique, et veiller à garder le ton de la conversation, tout en distinguant les façons de s’exprimer. Il a enfin été décidé d’introduire des citations latines célèbres, dans la mesure où le texte s’y prêtait. Si faire parler Astérix en latin est une façon de le replacer dans son temps, c’est aussi une occasion de rappeler que la langue de César fut la première langue de communication européenne.
Astérix chez les Italiens : l’ironie linguistique du doublage
Authors: Vitale Francesca
Published: September 2023

Astérix atteint l’Italie en 1968 seulement, avec la traduction d’Astérix le Gaulois, neuf ans après sa première parution dans Pilote. L’Italie découvre Astérix surtout grâce aux dessins animés, diffusés régulièrement à la télévision jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Cette contribution se propose de comparer les versions française et italienne de deux films d’animation, Astérix le Gaulois et Astérix et Cléopâtre. Le doublage, en recourant aux régionalismes, ajoute au récit une représentation parodique des Romains. Allusions historiques et jeux de mots contribuent, quant à eux, à transposer le stéréotype du Romanaccio dans la Gaule de 50 avant J.-C. La différence vient aussi de l’introduction d’éléments qui vont donner une connotation sociale, de la société italienne cette fois, à l’aventure. Paradoxalement les versions italiennes traduisent un regard ironique vis-à-vis de la société sicilienne qui n’existe pas dans l’original, ce qui nous fait réfléchir sur un aspect discutable du peuple italien : la xénophilie qui va jusqu’au dénigrement de soi.
Compertrix « Saint-Pierre » : un exemple d’évolution des marqueurs statutaires funéraires durant l’Antiquité
Authors: Achard-Corompt Nathalie , Ahü-Delor Anne , Le Goff Isabelle
Published: September 2023

À la fin du ier siècle av. J.-C., un monument funéraire en pierre est édifié le long de la voie de l’Océan en périphérie de l’agglomération antique de Châlons-en-Champagne (France, Marne). Dans un premier temps, aucune nouvelle sépulture n’est rattachée à ce possible cénotaphe progressivement ennoyé sous plus d’un mètre de colluvions carbonatées déposées peu après son édification. Au cours du iie siècle et/ou début du iiie siècle, les pierres des parties émergentes des colluvions sont récupérées. À la fin du siècle et au début du ive siècle, malgré la ruine du monument, viennent s’agréger six sépultures de jeunes enfants, sur ou à proximité de l’édifice ainsi qu’un dépôt de restes de bûcher d’adulte, déversés à l’intérieur.Le site de Compertrix interroge la pérennité d’un espace funéraire, les variations de son statut et permet de réflechir à l'usage comme à l’évolution des marqueurs funéraires et de leurs significations durant l’Antiquité.
Inscribing moral communities in late-antique Burgundy: old values, multivalent meanings, and new avenues of research
Authors: Grose Becca
Published: September 2023

The textual content of late-antique Gallic inscriptions has often been overlooked in favour of their ‘factual’ content. This chapter argues for the benefits of studying these epitaphs as texts, with visual and literary strategies. To do so, it focuses on one aspect: moral language.First, it addresses the use of formula books in late-antique Gallic epigraphy. It argues that, while evidence for their existence is limited, patterns in the distribution of moral epithets suggest an actively maintained set of standards. This indicates the importance of the correct moral language, rather than apathy and illiteracy.Second, it considers how the same moral value, caritas, was positioned differently on different epitaphs to emphasise different valences. By altering the material and syntactic placement of the word, and by using different cognates, inscribers used communal values to tell different stories.
Nikaia et Cemenelum (Nice, Alpes-Maritimes) : deux cités voisines, deux espaces culturels différents ?
Authors: Civetta Aude , Chevaux Brice , Jossier Bérangère , Mercurin Romuald
Published: September 2023

Les cités antiques de Nikaia/Nice et de Cemenelum/Cimiez, distantes d’environ deux km, font partie, durant la période romaine, de deux espaces administratifs distincts. Nikaia, fondation massaliète, reste dans le giron de sa métropole pendant une bonne partie de la période. Cemenelum, ancienne capitale de peuplade ligure, appartient, quant à elle, à la province des Alpes Maritimae dont elle est le chef-lieu. Les deux cités sont donc issues d’influences culturelles différentes susceptibles d’être retranscrites dans les pratiques funéraires. Ces différences entre les pratiques funéraires observées dans deux agglomérations très proches géographiquement plaident pour le maintien, à la période romaine, d’une certaine identité culturelle grecque à Nikaia. Un phénomène inverse semble se produire à Cemenelum où les sociétés vernaculaires semblent s’effacer au profit de la culture romaine.
Nikaia and Cemenelum (Nice, Alpes-Maritimes): two neighbouring cities, two different cultural areas?—abridged version
Authors: Civetta Aude , Chevaux Brice , Jossier Bérangère , Mercurin Romuald
Published: September 2023

In the Roman period, Nikaia and Cemenelum, two ancient towns located 2 km apart in what is now Nice, belonged to two distinct administrative areas. Nikaia was governed by its mother city, Massalia, for most of the period while Cemenelum, ancient capital of a Ligurian people, became the principal town of the province of Alpes Maritimae. The two cities therefore grew out of different cultural influences, which are likely to have affected funerary practices. The different practices observed in the two geographically very close agglomerations suggest that a certain Greek cultural identity in Nikaia was maintained through the Roman period, while a reverse phenomenon operated in Cemenelum, where vernacular societies seem to have been erased in favour of Roman culture.
Une sépulture de masse de la peste justinienne découverte dans l’aire funéraire épiscopale de Valentia (Espagne) – version abrégée
Authors: Ribera Albert , Alapont Martín Llorenç
Published: September 2023

Dans cette contribution nous présentons l’étude anthropologique et archéologique d’une sépulture multiple inhabituelle de la nécropole épiscopale de Valentia. Les analyses stratigraphiques et taphonomiques indiquent qu’elle appartient à la première phase de cette grande nécropole privilégiée qui se trouve à proximité immédiate du site du martyre de Saint-Vincent. Les restes de quinze individus, dont quatre enfants, y ont été retrouvés. L’un d’entre eux, selon notre hypothèse, est mort de la peste bubonique. La datation a été établie en se basant sur la séquence archéologique et sur des datations radiocarbones. Ainsi il a été possible de relier cette mort à la peste de Justinien qui a débuté en 541 et s’est poursuivie jusqu’en 750. Cette peste, qui constitue la première pandémie historiquement documentée, fut causée par Yersinia Pestis et a affecté l’Empire romain, la Méditerranée ainsi que d’autres régions voisines.
L’aire funéraire rupestre de l’agglomération secondaire d’Ugium (Saint-Blaise, Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts, 13920, France), état des lieux de la recherche
Authors: Valenciano Marie
Published: September 2023

Cet article est l’occasion de revenir sur un des plus grands ensembles de tombes rupestres du Sud de la France situé hors les murs du site de Saint-Blaise (Ugium de l’Antiquité tardive). Il s’agit de synthétiser les données issues des fouilles anciennes et de proposer une nouvelle étude statistique et topographique de cette aire funéraire réinvestie récemment. Nous élaborerons des pistes de réflexion concernant sa connexion avec l’habitat et son terroir mais aussi pour d’éventuels futurs travaux d’anthropo-biologie.
Different perspectives on a marginal burial practice in Reims in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD: archeoanthropologic, isotopic and paleogenomic studies—abridged version
Authors: Cavé Magalie , Herrscher Estelle , Mathelart Pierre , Mendisco Fanny , Pruvost Melanie , Rollet Philippe , Thiol Sandrine
Published: September 2023

Reims, as the capital of the province Gallia Belgica, is bounded by a wide moat around which several necropolises are mentioned in ancient finds. These necropolises were frequented even when the city's outlines shrank behind a smaller enclosure at the end of the 3rd or at the beginning of the 4th century CE. At the same time, the discovery of about sixty tombs scattered between these two enclosures, in Late Antiquity contexts where dismantling and recovery of materials were intense, raises questions about the appearance of this marginal practice. Is it related to the status of the deceased, workers who came to participate in the construction of the Late Antiquity enclosure?In order to address our problem, the purely anthropological results were crossed with those of biomolecular analyses (isotopic and genomic). The isotopic approach revealed overall differences in dietary behaviour between the two funerary groups, with a greater dietary diversity for the deceased buried in scattered tombs, which could be linked to their geographical origin as attested by the genetic analysis. The autochthonous origin of certain subjects and the antiquity of this original funerary practice highlighted by chronological modelling demonstrate that the exogenous origin of the subjects might not be the only explanatory factor.
Late burials near the martyrs’ sanctuary discovered in the Roman catacomb of SS. Marcellinus and Peter (4th-7th c)
Authors: Giuliani Raffaella , Ricciardi Monica , Castex Dominique
Published: September 2023

In 2003, an archaeological operation in the Saints Marcellin and Peter roman catacomb led to the discovery of unexplored underground cavities. Originally the consequence of a hydraulic development, they were abandoned before the emergence of the Christian cemetery and then occupied by burials linked to an epidemic mortality crisis. Adjacent galleries, with a painting from the 6th-7th century, several furniture artefacts, and numerous burials, have been identified as a martyrs' sanctuary. Thanks to the objects found in the tombs, its funerary use can be attested from the 4th to the 7th century. A recent review of the tombs succinctly excavated in 2004 enabled us to approach the funerary management of this sepulchral space (typology and orientation of the tombs, deposit, and orientation of the bodies) and, on the basis of the distribution by age and sex of the 35 individuals recorded, to consider the hypothesis of a familial funeral sector.
Évolution des pratiques funéraires durant l’Antiquité tardive en Provence : l’exemple de la nécropole de Bouc-Bel-air (Bouches-du-Rhône)
Authors: Rigeade Catherine , Parmentier Sandy , Lang-Desvignes Susanne
Published: September 2023

La fouille réalisée par l’Inrap, sur le site du 509 avenue des Noyers (Bouc-Bel-Air, Bouches-du-Rhône) en 2017, a livré une occupation du Néolithique moyen à l’Antiquité Tardive. L’aire sépulcrale qui comprend 286 tombes, est implantée au sein d’un parcellaire antique. La réalisation de onze datations 14C a permis de préciser la durée d’utilisation de cet ensemble funéraire, d’en préciser les différentes phases d’inhumation et le traitement funéraire qui les accompagne de la fin du iie siècle au milieu du i-viie siècle. De plus, une vingtaine d’aménagements funéraires contenaient de la céramique ou des amphores. Pour neuf de ces structures il s’agit de « tombes à offrandes », livrant un ensemble de céramiques en qualité dite « luisante » et des lampes africaines, les autres contenaient des amphores en remploi constituant des architectures funéraires mixtes soit comme réceptacle funéraire, soit en tant qu’élément de couverture ou de fond. De par l’importance du nombre de structures qu’elle a révélé, cette fouille récente revêt un caractère important pour la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. La mise en regard avec les ensembles funéraires contemporains et géographiquement proches, permet ainsi de compléter les données régionales sur les pratiques funéraires durant l’Antiquité tardive.
Funerary spaces and practices in Corsica during Late Antiquity: the site at Sant’Appianu in Sagone (Vico, Corse-du-Sud)—Abridged version
Authors: Corbara Anne-Gaëlle , Duperron Guillaume , Istria Daniel
Published: September 2023

Over the last 15 years, archaeological work on the site of Sant'Appianu de Sagone (Vico, Corse-du-Sud) has revealed a coastal settlement from Late Antiquity, where a religious establishment developed in the 5th century, being elevated to the rank of bishopric in the 6th century. Funerary zones, used between the 4th and 6th centuries, are found at these settlements. The continuity of use of these zones during Late Antiquity makes it possible to document funerary practices and the transformations that took place during this period in the organization of burial complexes.
Estado de cosas inconstitucional y sistema penitenciario y carcelario de Colombia
Authors: Mendieta David , Gómez Gómez Juan Fernando
Published: September 2023

Este artículo trata del Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional frente a la crisis del Sistema Penitenciario y Carcelario de Colombia, declarado en dos oportunidades (1998 y 2013) por su Corte Constitucional. También se proponen algunas medidas que podrían ser eficaces para enfrentar el problema del hacinamiento carcelario. El artículo incluye la revisión de los antecedentes internacionales y nacionales de esta institución jurídica y la exposición de las cifras que dan cuenta de esta catástrofe humanitaria que desde hace muchos años se presenta en el país andino. Con el uso de una metodología analítico- descriptiva se puede concluir que a pesar de que en los últimos 10 años es evidente la disminución de la población carcelaria en el país, aún existe una vulneración masiva de derechos fundamentales de este grupo poblacional y la declaratoria del Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional en Colombia fue útil, pero insuficiente para enfrentar este problema.
Online Review Helpfulness
Authors: Akgul Mehmet , Montazemi Ali Reza
Published: September 2023

Online platforms, such as Yelp and TripAdvisor, have facilitated ubiquitous and convenient access to a large number of online reviews about almost any product/service. Hence, it is imperative to understand what makes a review helpful for the consumers to make a decision about the adoption of the focal product/service. Drawing on Berlo's sender-message-channel-receiver model, the authors identify factors affecting online review helpfulness from the extant literature. Such understanding is critical to the review platforms and organizations to mitigate review helpfulness.
Demystifying Ransomware: Classification, Mechanism and Anatomy
Authors: Alchi Aaeen Naushadahmad , Dodiya Kiranbhai R.
Published: September 2023

Malware, classified as ransomware, encrypts data on a computer, preventing individuals from accessing it. The intruder then demands a ransom from the user for the password that unlocks the files. Recent cyberattacks against prominent corporate targets have increased the extensive media attention on ransomware. The primary reason for computer intrusions is financial gain. Ransomware targets individual owners of information, keeping their file systems captive until a ransom is paid, compared to malware, which permits criminals to steal valuable data and then use it throughout the digital marketplace. Ransomware's terrifying complexity level heralds a paradigm shift in the cybercrime ecosystem. Ransomware has become more mysterious, with some latest forms working without ever connecting to the Internet. In this chapter, the authors will discuss the overview of ransomware, the history and development of ransomware, some of the famous cases, the anatomy of ransomware attacks, types of ransomware attack vectors, and the prevention of such kinds of attacks in cyberspace.
Parkinson's Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Aishwarya Ravi , Pavitra K. , Miranda Primal Viola , Keerthana K. , Kamatchi Priya L.
Published: September 2023

Parkinson's disease is a neurological syndrome that manifests slowly and gradually, making it difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Voice alterations can be used as a detectable marker of early detection. The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is employed to address class imbalance issues in the datasets. For optimal feature selection, a novel approach called Fisher Score-Based Recursive Feature Elimination (FRFE) is proposed, and it is compared with state of art feature selection methods namely correlation coefficient, mutual information, backward feature elimination, and recursive feature elimination. The performance of models was evaluated across different classifiers using two voice datasets, with different features so as to confirm that FRFE works for any dataset irrespective of features. The FRFE performs better than the state of methods of comparison in terms of accuracy and variance.
Offensive Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity
Authors: Nobles Calvin
Published: September 2023

Offensive artificial intelligence's (AI) growing role in cybersecurity raises concerns about ethics, defense, and human implications. AI is integrated into national capabilities, fueling algorithmic warfare while enabling AI's malicious use by cybercriminals and state hackers. Offensive AI intensifies cyberattacks, leading to unpredictable and stealthy assaults on unprepared organizations. Defensive measures must evolve to counter these threats effectively. Human factors are critical in developing AI-driven offensive measures. As AI reshapes offensive cybersecurity, ethical questions emerge. Policymakers, researchers, and practitioners must collaborate to ensure responsible AI development, mitigate algorithmic warfare risks, and address challenges in integrating AI into national security. This chapter aims to foster discourse on offensive AI and cybersecurity, emphasizing the cascading effects, such as defensive AI and algorithmic warfare.
Analyzing Partograph Data to Compare Birth Outcomes According to WHO Active-Phase Recommendations
Authors: Kshirsagar N. S. , Patange R. P.
Published: September 2023

More than one million women aged 15 to 49 die annually as a result of difficulties arising during pregnancy or delivery. About half a million women lose their lives each year from complications during pregnancy, and many more have serious injuries. There are more severe outcomes for pregnant women for every maternal death that occurs. Despite international attention and efforts, poor nations continue to shoulder a disproportionate share of the load. About 19% of all maternal fatalities in these nations may be attributed to complications during labour. These risks may be greatly mitigated with vigilant monitoring for signs of aberrant development and measures to avoid a drawn-out labour process. Therefore, labour monitoring strategies are crucial for avoiding negative perinatal and maternal outcomes. To that end, using a partograph is a crucial and low-cost option. It's an easy-to-use technology that has been demonstrated to increase results when employed to monitor and control labour, and it costs very little to use.
Ultrasound Imaging of the Brain of Premature Infants for the Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Lavand S. G. , Patil Shailesh B.
Published: September 2023

As the rate of preterm births continues to rise, a thorough neurological examination of newborns born too soon is more crucial than ever. As a result of advancements in NICU technology, the survival rate of babies with extremely low birth weight has also increased. There is a higher chance of neurological abnormalities occurring in the survivors. Premature infants have an increased risk of developing neurological impairments, and about 10% of these infants will go on to have substantial learning problems, motor developmental disabilities, cerebral palsy, seizures, or mental retardation. White matter injury, germinal matrix haemorrhage, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leucomalacia, cerebellar haemorrhage and atrophy, and periventricular leucomalacia are all examples of brain injuries that may develop from secondary hemodynamic disturbances. Timely detection of intracranial abnormalities is critical for improving neonates' health and lowering their risk of death or disability later on.
Smart Weapon Detection System Using Thermal Imaging Through Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Kiran Kasi Uday , Pande Sandeep Dwarkanath , Priya P. Poorna , Sai K. Kalki , Apoorva Nandigama , Geethika M. , Ahammad Sk Hasane
Published: September 2023

According to numerous statistics, it can be inferred that the rate of violence using firearms and dangerous weapons is rising annually, making it difficult for law enforcement organizations to address this problem promptly. There are several locations where there are high rates of crime with firearms or knives, particularly in areas with lax gun restrictions. For the security of citizens, the early identification of violent crime is crucial. We see a lot of crimes and attacks on public transportation these days. Different ways have been developed to hide the weapons to launch savage attacks on the unwary population. These criminals' primary goals are to manipulate people and harm public property. All these things only occur as a result of weapons and other dangerous items being readily transported into buses and trains. To protect the public and its assets, it is important to create and implement highly effective technologies across the nation. By spotting the existence of deadly weapons like knives and firearms, these situations can be avoided.
Leveraging IBM Watson Auto AI to Predict the Occurrence of Deaths Among COVID-19 Patients in USA
Authors: Gbedawo Victor Worlanyo , Dzikunu Andrews Dodzi Kobla
Published: September 2023

Technology and preventive healthcare have become the key solutions to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the COVID-19 dataset to predict the occurrence of deaths among COVID-19 patients in the USA. 1,386,100 observations and 5 variables were selected from the USA COVID-19 Dataset obtained from the online repository of the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) on Johns Hopkins University's (JHU) website. IBM's Auto AI Experiment was leveraged to determine the best prediction outcomes. All eight pipelines were trained and tested using the COVID-19 dataset and the results showed that Pipelines 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 outperformed the other two algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and the F scores. Pipelines 1 and 2 achieved the worst results among the models with an F score of 0.9915. The research demonstrates the promising performance to help health institutions and governments plan ahead to forestall COVID-19 deaths and implement policies toward preventive care.
From Digital Literacy to AI Literacy in Language Teaching
Authors: Kartal Galip
Published: September 2023

The overarching goal of this chapter is to provide language educators and researchers with valuable insights and practical guidance for navigating the rapidly changing landscape of AI in education. This chapter investigates the transition from digital literacy to AI literacy in language teaching, a shift necessitated by the rapid evolution of AI-assisted technologies. Beginning with a comprehensive overview of digital literacy in the context of language teaching, the chapter explores the associated pedagogical practices, benefits, and challenges. The discussion then moves to the concept of AI literacy, an emerging necessity in education. The chapter delves into the implications of integrating AI technologies into language teaching and learning, stressing the potential of AI to revolutionize language education. The chapter encourages further research on the long-term impacts of AI literacy on language learning outcomes and the effectiveness of different strategies for AI literacy integration.
Opinions of ESL Preservice Teachers on Using Artificial Intelligence Language Models in Language Education
Authors: Ibrahim Matti Izora , Ibrahim Mohamed M.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examined the opinion of 417 ESL preservice teachers regarding the use of AI language models in teaching and learning English language. The study found that most of the participants do not believe that AI language models could replace human teachers in ESL education, either now or in the future. However, it was found that there are some ethical, social, and cultural concerns related to the use of AI language models in language education. The concerns voiced by participants include the issue of the users' privacy and ownership, the lack of social interaction, empathy, and communication, and the potential for cultural bias. The chapter also recommended that ESL educators should offer comprehensive training that addresses these concerns and develops critical thinking skills by emphasizing the significance of safeguarding users' privacy and data, mitigating bias in AI models, clarifying intellectual property rights, ensuring reliable text generation, considering social and cultural implications, and promoting a balanced and ethical approach to using AI language models.
A Systematic View of Sentiment Analysis on Different Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions in COVID-19
Authors: Sathya A. , Mythili M. S.
Published: September 2023

In the last few years, social networking sites have exploded at a rapid pace. Sentiment analysis (SA) is a way of mining data and reading text using natural language processing(NLP) In today's era, corona virus is a hot issue and pandemic all over the world. Millions of citizens use blogs or microblogging tools to communicate their viewpoints. Twitter is one of the handiest platforms and most popular social media for users to share their thoughts and ideas. Through blogging sites, the public can share their feelings and opinions such as “panic, anger, misery,” and it can be divided the text into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. Sentiment analysis is employed in a variety of industries, including healthcare, finance, sports, politics, hospitality, and tourism. According to a comparison of ten primary studies, Naive Bayes (NB) and support vector machine (SVM) are widely used algorithms for sentiment analysis in COVID-19.
Comparing Bishop Score and Transvaginal Ultrasonographic Cervical Factors to Predict Labor Induction
Authors: Ashitosh Bahulekar , Patange R. P.
Published: September 2023

The excitement of being a mother and holding your child in your arms is also accompanied by increased stress levels, worry, and unpredictability of giving birth. Every labour develops individually, posing a unique set of obstacles for the mother to overcome, the partner to be amazed at, and the obstetrician to reflect on. Predicting when the labour pains will start after induction, how they will be associated with gradual cervical dilatation, and how they will end in a vaginal delivery is one of the issues that the pregnant lady, her family, and the attending obstetrician most frequently think about. Transvaginal ultrasonography is increasingly employed in obstetrics, particularly in the second and third trimesters when it is used to estimate the length of the cervical canal. Transvaginal ultrasound measurements of cervical length and the condition of the internal os of the cervix during the second trimester help define an inadequate cervix and aid in the choice to do a cervical encirclage.
Impact of Digitalization on Youth and Its Relevance Regarding Demonetization
Authors: Raj Manisha
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on the positive and negative effects of digitalization on youth and how demonetization has led to digitalization over a period of five years. The study focuses on or revolves around three major objectives: they are to study the level of digitalization among youth in Indian economy, to study the impact of demonetization on youth in India, and to study the relationship between digitalization and demonetization. There is a large amount of secondary data that is available, and which is analyzed in this chapter and primary study has also been conducted with 150 respondents. The behavior, emotions, and motivation of youth in general and in relation to digital technologies, especially the meaning attached to mobile phones, the Internet, and computer-based games should also be given attention to reach this target group. The probable outcomes of the research of the study would reflect the level of digitalization in the economy and how demonetizations affected digitalization and what are the impact digitalization.
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction of hyaluronic acid filler (VCY-20)
Authors: Del Rio-Martinez Christopher , Mendoza-Galvez Patricio , Holguin-Montaño Victoria , Santos-Flores Marcela
Published: September 2023

Hyaluronic acid filler, a temporary injectable used for rejuvenating facial treatments, has gained significant popularity over the years due to its nonsurgical approach. While these procedures are generally safe, there are certain complications associated with their application. These complications can be categorized into early-, delayed-, and late-onset reactions. In this case report, we present a 55-year-old female who experienced a delayed hypersensitivity reaction following the application of hyaluronic acid filler, resulting in generalized facial edema.
Metronidazole-induced linear immunoglobulin A disease in a patient suffering from ulcerative colitis: a case report and focused review of the literature
Authors: Buffon Stefano , Parietti Michele , Carugno Andrea , Robustelli Test Elisa , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Sena Paolo , Vezzoli Pamela
Published: September 2023

Linear immunoglobulin (Ig) A disease (LAD) is a rare autoimmune blistering dermatosis caused by linear deposition of IgA1 along the dermoepidermal junction of skin and mucosae. It can affect both children and adults. Although idiopathic in most cases, it can also be associated with infections, malignancies, or drug administration. Among medications, antibiotics are most commonly responsible, particularly vancomycin. We report the case of a 51-year-old female patient who developed mucocutaneous LAD after oral metronidazole administration, which was confirmed by histopathological examination and direct immunofluorescence of one of the bullous lesions. Lesions rapidly cleared after metronidazole discontinuation and a short course of oral methylprednisolone and dapsone. To our knowledge, this is the third reported case of metronidazole-induced LAD, and the first in which metronidazole was not administered in combination with other antibiotics such as ceftriaxone.
Temporal evolution of lake level fluctuations under flood conditions and impacts on the littoral ecosystems
Authors: Ciampittiello Marzia , Saidi Helmi , Kamburska Lyudmila , Zaupa Silvia , Boggero Angela
Published: September 2023

Lake levels fluctuations are conditioned by seasonal variability, water resources management and climate change. Recent studies have shown that global warming potentially affects the risk of flooding and that the decisive factor for flood events is not temperature, but precipitation characteristics and hydrological conditions. Flood events have numerous impacts on social, economic and environmental aspects depending on how humans have altered lands, natural rivers and lake dynamics. Flood protection measures can cause conflicts with conservation measures and with ecosystem services because natural capital is not considered able to control floods and to contribute control floods and that it can contribute to human health and safety. In this paper we analysed the flood events in Lake Maggiore for return time periods of 3 – 5 – 10 – 25 – 50 – 100 – 250 – 500 years, considering the flood frequency in the last ten years using 1868-2021 as a reference period. We discussed the probability distribution of flood peaks, the correlation and linear regression between the lake level fluctuations and macroinvertebrates occurrence. We also presented lake coasts flood hazard mapping. The probability distribution that better describes the annual peak level is the Gumbel function, while for spring and autumn flood events the better distribution is the Log-Pearson type III. One of the historical flood events in terms of magnitude was in 2000, characterized by a return time of about 50 years. The last flood event in 2020, was characterized by a return period of about 10 years. Considering the seasonal frequency of flood, the autumn magnitude was higher than the spring one, and the differences between seasonal flood events progressively increased. The results suggested a high probability of a flood event every three years and also a forecast of a flood of about 197 m asl (3.14 m above the average lake level) every 10 years. Raising the lake level will affect the reed bed area from 193 m asl, and it will be more effective at 194.5 m (up to a 10% reduction). During flood events, the whole reed bed area is submerged. As regard macroinvertebrates composition and abundance, the first results show significant negative relationships between all sampling stations altogether vs the abundance of Cladotanytarsus sp. (Chironominae) and nearly significant positive relationships between water levels at Magadino vs Pscectrocladius sordidellus (Orthocladiinae) abundances. These few results are perhaps due to the current limited data availability.