bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-based Visual Risk Warning System for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Qiu Chengqun , Tang Hao , Xu Xixi , Peng Yu , Ji Jie , Ji Xinchen , Lin Shengqiang
Published: June 2024

In autonomous driving, the identification and tracking of multiple vehicles on the road are critical tasks. This paper aims to develop a risk warning system using deep learning algorithms to address the heterogeneous, high-dynamic, and complex driving environments. To enhance the generalization capability and detection accuracy of small objects in road perception, we propose a novel VBFNet-YOLOv8 algorithm for real-time vehicle identification, tracking, distance measurement, and speed estimation. Specifically, we replace the Backbone of the original YOLOv8 network with the VanillaNet structure and upgrade the traditional PANet in the neck part to Bi-FPN. By integrating the optimized YOLOv8n algorithm with Deepsort and TTC algorithms, we achieve a comprehensive road risk assessment. The algorithm continuously tracks the targets, and the TTC algorithm intuitively assesses the risk. Finally, the system provides layered warnings by changing the color of the bounding boxes, offering drivers an integrated and real-time risk alert. Comparative experimental results show that the optimized algorithm improves Precision by 0.61%, mAP@0.5 by 0.63%, and mAP@0.5:0.95 by 0.70%. In the road tests on sections A and B, the detection frame rate of the risk warning system maintained a minimum of 37.1fps and a maximum of 56.4fps. The detection Confidence of various objects remained above 0.67, reaching up to 0.97.
AFCNet:An adaptive fusion of composite attention convolutional neuralnetwork for polyp image segmentation
Authors: Jin Bo jiao , Zhang Yi , Qi Lin , Qian Wei
Published: June 2024

Accurately locating and segmenting polyps from colon images is crucial for the treatment of rectal cancer. However, the environment of rectal polyps is characterized by high noise, diverse sizes, complex boundaries, and a high demand for detailed information, making the task challenging. The acquisition and processing of polyp features are central to the research on polyp segmentation methods. This paper introduces an Adaptive Fusion Of Composite Attention Convolutional Neural Network (AFCNet) for polyp image segmentation. First, this work combine depth-wise separable convolutions and convolutional attention mechanisms with a multi-branch structure to better supplement missing details and unearth potential critical features. Secondly, we employ a multi-scale cross structure and an adaptive multi-scale feature harmonization module to balance the contribution of features at different levels, thus fully integrating information across scales to maximize the utilization of previously acquired features. Lastly, we propose an upsampling feature retrospective module to filter detailed information and use the concept of gating units to filter out interfering information. Extensive experiments on five publicly available polyp segmentation datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our AFCNet in enhancing the accuracy of polyp segmentation.The experimental results indicate that AFCNet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models. AFCNet is an effective polyp segmentation network, and due to its excellent generalization ability, it can also be applied to other medical image segmentation tasks.
MRS-YOLO: A High-Precision Model for Efficient Waste Detection and Classification
Authors: Ren Yuanming , Li Yizhe , Gao XinYa
Published: June 2024

With the advancement in living standards, there has been a significant surge in the quantity and diversity of household waste. To safeguard the environment and optimize resource utilization, there is an urgent demand for effective and cost-efficient intelligent waste classification methodologies. This study presents MRS-YOLO (Multi-Resolution Strategy-YOLO), a waste detection and classification model. The paper introduces the SlideLoss_IOU technique for detecting small objects, integrates RepVit into the Transformer mechanism, and devises a novel feature extraction strategy by amalgamating multi-dimensional and dynamic convolution mechanisms. These enhancements not only elevate the detection accuracy and speed but also bolster the robustness of the current YOLO model. Validation conducted on a dataset comprising 18,219 samples across 10 categories, including recyclable metal and paper, reveals a 3.53% enhancement in mAP50% accuracy compared to YOLO v8, coupled with a 15.09% reduction in volume. Furthermore, the model demonstrates improved accuracy in detecting small targets and exhibits comprehensive detection capabilities across diverse scenarios.
Comparative Studies on Tumor Protein 53 Gene Polymorphism, Demographic Attributes and Associated Risk Factors Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis Patients in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Ekpenyong Blessing B , Kooffreh Mary E. , Ben Florence O. , Ubi Godwin M.
Published: June 2024

Mutations in the TP53 gene had been attributed to the development of liver cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis are liver diseases having high mortality rates in several populations. There is no information on the TP53 gene polymorphism among liver diseases patients in Calabar, Nigeria. This study investigated the genetic polymorphism of TP53 among HCC and liver cirrhosis in Calabar. This research was carried out in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Blood was collected from 35 clinically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma and 10 cirrhosis patients and 10 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from all blood samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed. The amplicon was digested using Hae III restriction enzyme and the genotypic and allelic frequencies were determined. In liver diseases patients, male was 68.9% (31), female (31.1%; 14), sex ratio (2.2: 0.5), mean age was 41.51 ± 2.13 years and odd ratio of 1.25. Marital status of patients were 33(73.3%), 10(22.2%), and 2(4.4%) for married, single, and widowed respectively. Ethnicity of patients were Yakurr, Efik, Boki, Ogoja, Annang, Ibibio and Igbo having 22.2%(10), 20%(9), 13.3%(6), 13.3%(6), 8.8% (4), 2.2%(1) and 2.2%(1) respectively. Approximately, 64.7% (30) of the chronic liver diseases were from the Central and Northern part of Cross River State. The risk factors were HCV infection, HBsAg+, alcoholism, smoking, consumption of groundnuts that may have been contaminated with aflatoxin and family history of the disease. PCR product yielded 254bp and digested PCR product showed homozygous TT mutation (27), heterozygous GT mutation (17) and homozygous GG wild type (1) in cases. The overall TP53 gene mutation frequency was 46.32% (44). The frequency of G allele, T allele, GG, GT and TT genotypes were 0.21, 0.79, 0.04, 0.33 and 0.62 respectively among cases, while GG (wild type) was only detected among controls in the study population. The genotypic and allelic frequencies conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium meaning that the forces of evolution were not acting on the locus. There were significant differences in the genotypic proportions of the TP53 gene polymorphism among patients and controls. This study on the TP53 gene polymorphism will serve as baseline information on the molecular etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in Cross River State.
miR-526b dysregulates glucose metabolism via the COX2/EP4 pathway
Authors: Nault Braydon D , Majumder Mousumi
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Breast cancer (BRCA) remains a primary global health concern, with ongoing research focused on early detection and improving treatment methods. Moving forward, it is crucial to understand cancer cell metabolism and its impact on tumor growth and metastasis. This study aims to identify potential BRCA markers related to glucose metabolism for targeted therapy, focusing on the role of miR-526b. miR-526b promotes BRCA phenotypes, including migration, invasion, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Further, cell-free secretion of miR-526b-high BRCA tumor cells can alter the tumor microenvironment. This study will investigate the role of miR-526b in the dysregulation of glucose metabolism.
Methods:
We used two immortalized BRCA cell lines, MCF7 and SKBR3, and stable miR-526b overexpressed cells MCF7-miR526b and SKBR3-miR526b and a naturally miR-526b high cell line MCF7-COX2 for in vitro assays. We measured ATP production, oxygen consumption rate, and extracellular acidification rate. We used glycolysis and OXPHOS inhibitors to measure metabolic plasticity induced by miR-526b. A COX-2 inhibitor and EP4 antagonist were used to alter miR-526b-induced functions. For RNA and protein measurement, we used qRT-PCR and western blots. In silico analysis with online datasets validated our findings in human BRCA.
Results:
In silico analysis showed that genes related to glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are enriched in human breast cancer tissues. Overexpression of miR-526b promotes cell proliferation and ATP production. It also contributes to the upregulation of LDHA and PDHA1, which determine the fate of the glycolytic product pyruvate, either producing lactate or entering the TCA cycle to promote OXPHOS. miR-526b overexpressing cells demonstrated increased metabolic plasticity and decreased adverse effects following treatment with glycolysis and OXPHOS inhibitors, showing increased survival and proliferation. The metabolic dysregulation induced by miR-526b, including increased proliferation, ATP production, and marker expression, can be reversed using a COX2 inhibitor and EP4 antagonist.
Conclusion:
miR-526b promotes increased glucose metabolism and ATP production, supporting increased growth and division of BRCA cells. It also increases metabolic plasticity, improving cells' ability to thrive in a complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. The dysregulation observed with miR-526b can be reversed by targeting the COX2/EP4 pathway.
Subsidies alone are not enough to increase adoption of agricultural water management interventions
Authors: Alam Mohammad Faiz , McClain Michael , Sikka Alok , Pande Saket
Published: June 2024

The adoption of agricultural water interventions for climate change adaptation has been slow and limited despite their established efficacy and benefits. While several studies have identified socio-economic, biophysical, technological and institutional factors that influence adoption, psychological factors have often been overlooked. This study examines the socio-economic and psychological factors, using RANAS behavioral model, that influence the adoption of agricultural water interventions in the semi-arid region of Saurashtra in India. Two contrasting and dominating agricultural water interventions in the area: drip irrigation and borewells are evaluated. Despite subsidies being available for drip irrigation systems, the adoption rate remains low (~16% adopting rate) compared to borewells (~ 24.5% adoption) with no subsidies reflecting farmer’s preference for supply augmentation measures over demand management. Incorporating psychological factors in the analysis improved the explanatory power of the logistic model by almost threefold, underscoring the significance of psychological factors in explaining farmers' adoption decisions. Based on the logistic model, major factors determining farmers adoption behaviour identified are farmer’s perceived ability, risk preference and positive beliefs about the technologies along with socio-economic (e.g., land size) and biophysical factors (e.g., proximity to water). The study recommends a multi-pronged approach to increase the adoption of interventions, including augmenting subsidies with efforts on extension services, post-adoption services, training, and awareness campaigns to build farmers' capacity and raise awareness.
Ductal Configurations of Annular Pancreas: Embryological Perspectives from CT and MR Imaging of 17 Cases
Authors: BERRE Alice LE , TARDIVEL Anne-Marie , DALLONGEVILLE Axel , FRISON-ROCHE Adrien , ALIAS Quentin , BERANGER-GIBERT Sophie , BOULAY-COLETTA Isabelle , CANEPA Nadia , SILVERA Stéphane , ZINS Marc
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Understanding the embryogenesis of the pancreas is crucial for identifying pancreatic variants and anomalies. This study aims to describe the imaging features of annular pancreas, focusing on whether the ductal configurations support the embryological theories proposed by Lecco and Baldwin.
Methods
We retrospectively studied 17 patients diagnosed with annular pancreas via computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at our institution between 2007 and 2019. Two radiologists classified the ductal configurations by consensus using Lin’s classification: Type I (divisional), Type II (branch), and Type III (main duct). Clinical presentations and the impact of annular pancreas diagnosis were recorded.
Results
Among the 17 patients, 5 were Type I, 11 were Type II, and 1 was Type III. The alignment of all patients with Lin’s classification types supports Baldwin's dual-bud theory. None of the patients exhibited symptoms of upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction directly attributable to annular pancreas. Pancreatic diseases were diagnosed in 6 patients, with the annular pancreas having a clinically significant impact in 3 patients for diagnosis (n = 2) or treatment (n = 1).
Conclusion
Our findings in 17 patients suggest that Baldwin’s dual-ventral-bud theory may explain most cases of annular pancreas.
Linguistisches Impact-Assessment: Maschinelle Prognose mit Realitätsabgleich im Projekt TextTransfer
Authors: Fiedler Norman , Köller Christoph , Bopp Jutta , Schneider Felix
Published: June 2024

Empirische Ansätze halten zunehmend Einzug in die Methodik und Herangehensweise geisteswissenschaftlicher Forschung. Die Sprachwissenschaften stützen sich zunehmend auf Forschungsdaten und Sprachmodelle, um ein digitales Bild natürlicher Sprachen zu erzeugen. Auf dieser Grundlage wird es möglich, entlang nutzerspezifischer Suchanfragen des distant reading automatisiert semantische Muster in Texten zu erkennen. Seit mithilfe solcher Modelle, etwa in Suchmaschinen, webbasierten Übersetzungs- oder Konversationstools, sprachliche Informationen maschinell in sinnhaften Zusammenhängen reproduziert werden können, sind die Implikationen sogenannter Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) zu einem Thema im gesamtgesellschaftlichen Diskurs avanciert. Vielen Linguisten ist es deshalb ein Anliegen, ihre Erkenntnisse für neue Anwendungsfelder jenseits ihrer unmittelbaren disziplinären Umgebung zu öffnen und zu einer fundierten Debatte beizutragen. Dieser Feststellung gegenüber steht die Einsicht, dass Forschungsergebnisse aller Disziplinen zwar archiviert, aber mangels gezielter Interpretierbarkeit großer und komplexer Datenmengen häufig für diesen breiten Diskurs nicht genutzt werden. Ein nachweisbarer Impact bleibt aus. An dieser Schnittstelle erarbeitet das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) finanzierte Projekt TextTransfer einen Ansatz, um per distant reading auf Art und Wahrscheinlichkeit eines gesellschaftlichen, wirtschaftlichen oder politischen Impacts textgebundenen Forschungswissens zu schließen. Zu diesem Zweck baut TextTransfer ein maschinelles Lernverfahren auf, das auf empirischem Erfahrungswissen zu Impacterfolgen von Forschungsprojekten fußt. Als wesentlicher Baustein dieses Erfahrungsgewinns gilt die Verifizierbarkeit der Lernergebnisse. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt einen ersten Ansatz im Projekt, ein Sprachmodell in einem gesteuerten Lernverfahren mit belastbaren Lerndaten zu trainieren, um möglichst hohe Präzision im Impact-Assessment zu erreichen.
Bionadzor tehnokracije u pandemiji
Authors: Stanković Pejnović Vesna
Published: June 2024

Tehnokracija je ekonomska i društvena kontrola zajednice i pojedinca koja je primjetna i na Istoku i Zapadu. Tehnokratsko doba podrazumijeva postupno stvaranje kontroliranog i usmjerenog društva kojim dominira elita, čiji zahtjev za političku moć počiva na navodno superiornom znanstvenom iskustvu. Tehnokraciju ne interesira politička ideologija, već samo najbolja i najučinkovitija rješenja problema, ističući da se znanosti treba podčiniti jer nam daje moć nad prirodom, dok moć u potpunosti potječe iz tehnike. Tehnologija postaje više biološka, dok biologija postaje tehnološka. Bionadzor u pandemiji u sebi sadrži apstraktne forme panoptikuma, kao kategorije moći s disciplinskom funkcijom u cilju nametanja određenog ponašanja i iskorištavanja moći ljudskog kapitala koji obuhvaća biopolitičko tijelo s jedne strane, u Foucaultovoj perspektivi, i društvenu kontrolu s druge strane, kako je vidi Gilles Deleuze. U kapitalizmu bionadzora, kapital korporacija u sebi objedinjuje kontroliranu, disperzivnu, sveobuhvatnu i sveprisutnu umreženu moć. Bionadzor nad pojedincima ne provodi se samo kroz ideologije već i kroz svijest – i u tijelu i nad tijelom u spektaklu straha i medijskog programiranja, kroz sve aspekte društvenog života. Radom se dokazuje da je tehnokracija ovladala svakim aspektom bionadzora u društvu kroz mehanizme praćenja i usmjeravanja ponašanja pojedinaca, te njegovoj modifikaciji, predviđanju i kontroli. Kroz bionadzor tehnokracija teži stvaranju poslušnog podanika i dominaciji privatne sfere domenama javnog interesa. Tehnokracija je ovladala suverenom moći koja traži poslušnost, disciplinskom koja zahtjeva pokornost i regulativnom koja zahtjeva pokoravanje i podčinjavanje zdravlju stanovništva kroz organizirani sustav psihološke intervencije i zakonodavnih normi.
Sociologijska teorija Margaret Archer
Authors: Mihetec Miroslav , Žažar Krešimir
Published: June 2024

Temeljna je intencija rada secirati konceptualne niti teorijske pozicije britanske sociologinje Margaret Archer. U početnoj sekvenci rada predstavlja se širi kontekst znanstvenofilozofijskog gledišta kritičkog realizma te izvorišta Archerina razumijevanja epistemologije društvenosti. Kroz središnji dio rada tematiziraju se njezine krucijalne konceptualne kategorije vezane uz analitički dualizam, realističku teoriju društva odnosno morfogenetički/ morfostatički pristup. Nastavak donosi osvrt na novije tendencije u razradi Archerine pozicije, ponajprije relacionalnu sociologiju, primjere primjene morfogenetičkog/morfostatič- kog pristupa pri analizi konkretnih empirijskih fenomena te kritičke opservacije upućene njezinom epistemološko-teorijskom gledištu. Naposljetku, konstatira se kako Archerina sociologijska teorija ne reprezentira svrhu samoj sebi već predstavlja set konceptualnih alata itekako podesan za proučavanje transformacijskih procesa recentnoga hrvatskog društva.
Lactoferm™ Enzyme Preparation in Semi-Hard Cheese Technology: Experimental Determination
Authors: Gavrilova Natalya , Chernopolskaya Natalya , Kopaneva Nadezhda , Mayorov Alexander
Published: June 2024

Semi-hard cheese possesses unique sensory and biological properties, which it an important part of healthy diets. Coagulation is the key stage of semi-hard cheese production because it determines the yield and quality of the finished product. This research tested enzyme preparation Lactoferm™ in the semi-hard cheese technology. The experimental cheese mass consisted of standardized milk with 2.9 % fat fraction fortified with 0.3 % Milmix Universal milk-protein mix. The enzyme occupied 3–5 g per 100 kg of the mix. The dose of calcium chloride was 30 g per 100 kg of the mix. The control sample contained 2.5 g of SG 50 rennet per 100 kg of the mix. The coagulation test involved a Reoplast 23 device at (27 ± 2) °C. While the mix was coagulating, the resulting clots were tested for tensile strength with a Reokon 2 device. The analytical dependencies obtained made it possible to construct rheograms of hardness indentation during coagulation. Other graphs were built to illustrate the effect of the enzyme share on pre-coagulation and coagulation time. The research revealed the effect of Lactoferm™ enzyme on the clot formation time in semihard cheese. The enzyme was able to coagulate standardized milk fortified with 0.3% Milmix Universal milk-protein mix.
Molecular Methods for Authentication of Dairy Raw Materials in Cheese: Review
Authors: Khan A. , Lazareva E. , Fomenko O.
Published: June 2024

The modern dairy industry needs authentic raw milk in cheese production to provide high-quality product control and consumer protection. Unfortunately, unreliable cheese producers sometimes replace goat’s or sheep’s milk with cow’s milk. This process is associated with seasonality and the high cost of milk from small ruminants. The article reviews the methods molecular genetics used to detect milk adulteration in cheese making. It highlights the problems and prospects of applying molecular genetics to complex food matrices, such as cheese. Modern PCR methods prove quite efficient in identifying species-specific sequences by using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as markers. Multiplex PCR, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) have their advantages and shortcomings. The multiplex PCR method presupposes a simultaneous amplification of multiple DNA targets in a single tube while the qPCR method provides a quantitative profile. These methods make it possible to maintain high industry standards by ensuring the authenticity of cheeses and cheese products. In addition, molecular methods provide supply chain stability, increase consumer confidence, and advance dairy technology.
Potential Links between ANRIL and MiRNAs in Various Cancers
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Wei Liushan , Wu Shijie , Xie Zhizhong , Lei Xiaoyong
Published: June 2024

Non-coding RNAs are mainly divided into two categories: small non-coding RNA
represented by miRNA, and the other is long non-coding RNA longer than 200 bp. Further studies
on non-coding RNAs have revealed that long non-coding RNAs not only have carcinogenic
effects but also have potential links with miRNAs. Antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus
(ANRIL/CDKN2B-AS1), one of the five subtypes of long non-coding RNA, has been proven
to play the role of an oncogene in many cancers, such as gastric cancer, cervical cancer, prostate
cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Knockdown ANRIL can significantly inhibit the
proliferation and migration of cancer cells while also negatively regulating the expression of related
miRNAs. This suggests that ANRIL may serve as a potential target for the development of
drugs that provide new strategies to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment. In our review,
we summarize the current association between ANRIL and miRNAs in various cancers.
Green Propolis: A Review of Pharmaceutical Patents with Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Adriano Carlos Batista Marcos , Rodrigues Nolasco Emanuelle , Pedro Mendes Moura João , Lucas Ramos França Robert , Aparecida Lima de Moura Sandra , Máximo Cardoso Leonardo , Speroni Ceron Carla
Published: June 2024

Green propolis is a resin produced from Baccharis dracunculifolia, which has as its
main compounds flavonoids, derivatives of cinnamic acids, such as artepillin C and baccarin.
This resin has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
This review aimed to analyze pharmaceutical patents containing green propolis in various formulations.
The search was conducted in the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), the
Patent Search of Spain and Latin America (Latipat-Espacenet), the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO), and Google Patents, with a combination of the keywords green propolis,
green propolis extract, pharmacology, and pharmaceutical product. Primary research identified
60 patents, from which 22 were selected after applying the inclusion criteria. The selected patents
referred to products with pharmacological activities, from cancer treatment to food supplements
and included innovations for improved controlled release of the green propolis compounds.
Most of the documents concerned the preparation and/or formulation of the green propolis
extract, followed by innovative extraction methods, treatment and systemic use, and finally
by topical use and quality control techniques and procedures. Thus, the reviewed patents of
green propolis provided valuable insights into the pharmaceutical applications of green propolis,
showing its potential in diverse formulations and treatments.
Insight in Quinazoline-based HDAC Inhibitors as Anti-cancer Agents
Authors: Martino Elena , Thakur Shruti , Kumar Arun , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Boschi Donatella , Kumar Deepak , Lolli Marco
Published: June 2024

:

Cancer remains a primary cause of death globally, and effective treatments are still limited.
While chemotherapy has notably enhanced survival rates, it brings about numerous side effects.
Consequently, the ongoing challenge persists in developing potent anti-cancer agents with
minimal toxicity. The versatile nature of the quinazoline moiety has positioned it as a pivotal
component in the development of various antitumor agents, showcasing its promising role in innovative
cancer therapeutics. This concise review aims to reveal the potential of quinazolines in
creating anticancer medications that target histone deacetylases (HDACs).
Recent Advances in Immune Regulation by Targeting Dendritic Cells using Small Interfering RNAs
Authors: Shahverdi Mahshid , Alamdari-Palangi Vahab , Alipour Shiva , Ghaffari Jolfayi Amir , Masoumi Javad , Aghebati-Maleki Leili , Rostamlou Arman , Baradaran Behzad
Published: June 2024

Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) technology has provided
forceful therapeutic modalities to specific knockdown of the genes' expression related
to diseases. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can start a process that specifically
degrades and silences the expression of cognate mRNAs. These RNA interference
processes could effectively adjust many biological processes, including immune
responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialist antigen-presenting cells with potent
functions in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. SiRNAs performed vital roles in
coordinating immune processes mediated by DCs. This review describes the findings
that shed light on the significance of siRNAs in DC immune regulation and highlight
their potential applications for improving DC-based immunotherapies
Cucurbitacin: Unveiling its Role as Phytomolecule in Health Benefits
Authors: Paul Reshmi , Nag Sourav , Mondal Sumanta , Panigrahi Naresh , Roy Partha , Sahoo Santosh Kumar , S Raja , Mohiuddin Abu
Published: June 2024

In recent scientific studies, a variety of phytochemicals, including carotenoids,
polyphenols, isoprenoids, phytosterols, saponins, and dietetic fibers, besides polysaccharides,
have been linked to beneficial health effects, which include reducing the risk of diabetes, obesity,
and cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other conditions. Squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and
melons are just a few examples of the Cucurbitaceae family plants that contain cucurbitacins,
highly oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenes. Since ancient times, various traditional remedies have
been made from plants that contain cucurbitacins. Several cucurbitacins (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, J,
K, L, O, P, Q, R, S) have an extensive assortment of bioactivities, including hepatoprotective
activity, liver protection, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-diabetic properties.
Cucurbitacins, for instance, have a well-known anticancer effect. Specific reports suggest that
cucurbitacins stimulate apoptosis via the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Through cyclin inhibition,
cucurbitacins may inhibit the cell cycle. Besides, they expedite autophagy while preventing
cancer cells from migrating and infecting other tissues. Cucurbitacins have been categorized as
signal transducers and activators of transcription. It is soundly acknowledged that the plant-based
compound cucurbitacin B (CuB) has insecticidal and repellent properties. CuB has been shown to
have non-specific toxicity and limited bioavailability in studies evaluating its toxicity and
pharmacokinetic characteristics. Hence, we aimed to concentrate on the numerous properties of
cucurbitacins in this article, including their chemistry, an analysis of biosynthesis, several types
of bioactivities, and studies on their toxicity.
Editorial
Authors: Kogawa Ana Carolina
Published: June 2024

Dear Authors, Reviewers, Editors, and Staff of Current Analytical Chemistry,

First of all, I would like to thank Current Analytical Chemistry for the opportunity to prepare this special issue and the
authors who entrusted their work to our care and contributed to the creation of this thematic issue.

This special edition contains manuscripts addressed to the topic of physicochemical
analyses of pharmaceutical products in the context of white and/or green analytical chemistry,
including environmentally friendly methods using HPLC, UV-Vis, thin layer chromatography,
infrared, capillary electrophoresis, and others.

This is an effort to highlight that analytical methods can be both accurate and precise as
well as clean and optimized. In this context, the use of less aggressive solvents, miniaturization
of samples and waste, elimination of steps, costs involved, and direct/in-situ analysis are presented. Additionally, the
use of tools, such as ESA, GAPI, and NEMI, to evaluate the greenness of analytical methods is also highlighted.

Further, the special edition shows sustainable analysis options for chemical-pharmaceutical laboratories around the
world. Thus, they will be able to verify the quality of final pharmaceutical products reliably, safely, and with less damage
to operators and the environment, in addition to benefiting from all the other advantages of white and/or green analytical
chemistry.

Organizations are investing heavily in the development and improvement of their processes, analyses, and products
based on white and/or green analytical chemistry, as sustainability has been a growing global concern since national and
international bodies, mediated by the United Nations, reached a consensus that Earth's resources are finite and pollution
can have harmful effects on people and the planet. Several world conferences on the environment and sustainability have
already been held. Another factor that encourages organizations to invest in sustainable products is the rise in the inflation
rate, the costs of disposing of toxic waste, and the fines for pollution. Therefore, an analytical method must be ecoefficient;
that is, it must reduce or eliminate the use of solvents or the generation of toxic waste for both the environment
and the operator, ensuring the quality of life of everyone involved.

Moreover, universities have played a fundamental role by serving as research centers, contributing to health control
activities and scientific enrichment in this area. In this way, this special edition aims to contribute to a cycle of sustainability
in which there is a guarantee of product quality and analytical awareness about health, time, waste generation, environment,
and cost coexistence.

Lastly, I wish you all a fruitful read, which will surely generate new ideas and opportunities for continuous improvement.
Neurotrophin-3 Rescues Striatal Synaptic Plasticity in Model of Neurodegeneration by PLC Signaling Activation
Authors: Gómez-Pineda Victor G. , Nieto-Mendoza Elizabeth , Torres-Cruz Francisco M. , Hernández-Echeagaray Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

Background:

Neurotrophins are essential factors for neural growth and function; they
play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases where their expression levels are altered. Our previous
research has demonstrated changes in synaptic plasticity and neurotrophin expression levels in
a pharmacological model of Huntington's disease (HD) induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). In
the 3-NP-induced HD model, corticostriatal Long Term Depression (LTD) was impaired, but neurotrophin-
3 (NT-3) restored striatal LTD. This study delves into the NT-3-induced signaling pathways
involved in modulating and restoring striatal synaptic plasticity in cerebral slices from 3-NPinduced
striatal degeneration in mice in vivo.

Methods:

Phospholipase C (PLC), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways activated by NT-3 were
analyzed by means of field electrophysiological recordings in brain slices from control and 3-NP
treated in the presence of specific inhibitors of the signaling pathways.

Results:

Using specific inhibitors, PLC, PI3K, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways contribute to
NT-3-mediated plasticity modulation in striatal tissue slices recorded from control animals. However,
in the neurodegeneration model induced by 3-NP, the recovery of striatal LTD induced by NT-3
was prevented only by the PLC inhibitor. Moreover, the PLC signaling pathway appeared to trigger
downstream activation of the endocannabinoid system, evidenced by AM 251, an inhibitor of the
CB1 receptor, also hindered NT-3 plasticity recovery.

Conclusion:

Our finding highlights the specific involvement of the PLC pathway in the neuroprotective
effects of NT-3 in mitigating synaptic dysfunction under neurodegenerative conditions.
Pharmacogenetics of Carbamazepine: A Systematic Review on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 Polymorphisms
Authors: Riffi Rachda , Boughrara Wefa , Chentouf Amina , Ilias Wassila , Brahim Narimene Malika Taieb , Berrebbah Amel Alioua , Belhoucine Fatma
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective:

The association between carbamazepine (CBZ) metabolism
and resistance in epilepsy and the genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5 (rs776746 and rs15524) and
CYP3A4 (rs2242480, rs2740574, rs35599367, rs12721627, and rs28371759) has been the subject of
previous investigations with controversial results. Hence, we conducted a systematic review to assess
the potential link between these polymorphisms and CBZ metabolism and resistance

Methods:

Identifying relevant studies was carried out by searching PubMed, Scopus, PharmGKB,
EPIGAD, and PHARMAADME databases up until June 2023. The studies included in our analysis
investigated the connection between CYP3A5 (rs776746 and rs15524) and CYP3A4 (rs2242480,
rs2740574, rs35599367, rs12721627, and rs28371759) polymorphisms and CBZ metabolism and
resistance.

Results:

This review included a total of 23 studies and more than 2177 epilepsy patients. It was
found that the CYP3A4 (rs12721627 and rs28371759) polymorphisms are associated with reduced
catalytic activity, whereas the CYP3A4 (rs2740574) polymorphism is linked to lower levels of
CBZ-diol and decreased activity. It was also observed that the CYP3A5 (rs776746) polymorphism
influences the dose-adjusted plasma levels of CBZ.

Conclusion:

Although these findings highlight the impact of genetic variations in the CYP3A4 and
CYP3A5 genes on CBZ pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, further studies across diverse
populations are essential to enhance personalized epilepsy therapy in clinical settings.
Thermo-Gravimetric Studies and Specific Heat Capacity Estimations of the Products of Biginelli Reaction using TGA-DSC
Authors: Sawant K.C. , Sarode C.H. , Marathe Y.V. , Gupta G.R. , Dhanmane S.A.
Published: June 2024

Aims:

In this work, the thermal behavior and specific heat capacities of nine
derivatives which were obtained via Biginellipyrimidone synthesis reaction have been
experimentally determined using thermal gravimetry analysis and differential scanning
calorimetry, and the obtained results have been thoroughly analyzed and discussed. The
influence of the structural variation on the thermal analysis has been discussed along with
the influence of the structure of the derivatives of pyrimidines on the specific heat capacity.

Background:

To date, heterocycles have successfully been switched from synthetic organic
chemistry laboratory to the core of a variety of biomolecules, conducting devices
and so on. Derivatives of 2-hydroxypyrimidine or pyrimidines have a wide window of
pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, attempts have been made to understand the
thermal response of these organic frameworks.

Objectives:

The main objective of this study was to explore thermal methods to understand
heat-induced structural interactions as well as the specific heat capacity (Cp) as a
function of temperature for the synthesized derivatives of 2-hydroxy pyrimidine or pyrimidones.

Methods:

Room temperature condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, urea, and variety of aldehydes
or ketones has been optimized in ionic liquids for the formation of pyrimidones.
Thereafter, the thermal profiles of the synthesized derivatives of pyrimidines have been
studied thoroughly and the thermal response of the synthesized derivatives of pyrimidones
gives sound information about thermal stability of these heterocycles.

Results:

In the present work, the effect of substituents on the thermal behavior of the
synthesized derivatives of pyrimidines has been investigated with the help of TGA-DSC
analysis. Specific heat capacity (Cp) data as a function of temperature for the synthesized
derivatives of pyrimidones have been reported for the first time.

Conclusion:

The specific heat capacity data of the molecules of high commercial and biological
relevance such as pyrimidines like organic frameworks play a subtle role in the
development of the computational methods and molecular modelling, to comprehend the
fundamentals of these molecular frameworks and effectively explore the pharmaceutical
as well as materialistic potentials of these heterocyclic frameworks via simulation.
Global Challenges and Economic Feasibility in Achieving 100% Renewable Energy
Authors: Abo Dahab Ahmed , Elazab Rasha , Abo Adma Maged , Hassan Hany
Published: June 2024

This study aims to investigate the global transition towards 100% renewable energy
(RE) grids while analyzing associated challenges and economic prospects. The scientific aim of
the work is to examine national and regional plans, revealing shared research challenges such as
neglect of system stability, reliance on specific RE sources, and limitations on capacity share
growth. The subject of the research was to obtain insights into the economic feasibility of this
transition, underscored by projections of creating 24.3 million new jobs by 2050 and substantial
annual savings in air pollution and environmental costs. This study extends the existing research
by analyzing promising examples from countries like Norway and Costa Rica, demonstrating diverse
approaches with hydropower playing a pivotal role, while Canada and New Zealand showcase
adaptability based on local resources. Addressing key research challenges, from technological
uncertainties to socio-economic considerations, the paper emphasizes the need for robust policies
and infrastructure development. Despite challenges, the transition promises economic benefits,
with estimated annual savings in healthcare and global warming costs. The literature and
global examples affirm the technical and financial feasibility of transitioning to 100% RE. In conclusion,
this paper contributes to understanding the intricate economic and technological landscape
of achieving a sustainable global energy transition.
Role of Gold Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapy of Malignancy
Authors: De Sourav , Banerjee Sabyasachi , Ghosh Nibir , Dey Gourab , Banerjee Subhasis , S K Ashok Kumar
Published: June 2024

Cancer is the second leading cause of global mortality. Modern medical technologies,
including chemotherapy, radiation treatment, and surgery, are extending the lifespan of cancer patients.
The potential of nano medicine opens up a new way to get over the restrictions of traditional
cancer treatments. Due to their unique basic features, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively
explored and used in the field of tumor diagnostics and therapy. Two perspectives are
presented on the physical and chemical aspects of AuNPs' characteristics. Localized surface plasmon
resonance (LSPR), radioactivity, and a high X-ray absorption coefficient are among the physical
characteristics of AuNPs that are commonly employed in tumor diagnostics and therapy.
AuNPs also have some advantages like customizable size and shape, as well as various physiochemical
properties. Additionally, they can effectively encapsulate drugs to enable simultaneous
therapy and incorporate supplementary imaging labels. Recent research has emphasized the use of
multifunctional AuNPs in techniques that involve simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. This article
explores the use of AuNPs in cancer diagnosis and treatment, detailing clinical trials and providing
insights for researchers on their physiochemical properties.
Smart Home Forensics
Authors: Pullagura Lokaiah , Kumari Nalli Vinaya , Bhuyan Hemanta Kumar
Published: June 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has unquestionably exploded into the forefront
of everyone's lives, whether they realise it or not. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is
now used in medical devices, transportation, and even in our homes. Devices such as
these have the ability to access a great deal of personal information. Because of their
diminutive size, these devices have made insufficient efforts to build security into their
design. Sensors, cameras, and lights are all examples of Internet of Things (IoT)
devices that can be used to automate daily tasks around the home. Smartphones and
speakers can be used as remote controllers to operate these gadgets. A smart home's
IoT devices collect and process data on motion, temperature, lighting control, and other
variables, and they store a wider range of data from more diverse users. A wide variety
of smart home devices can make extracting meaningful data difficult because of their
differing data storage methods. Data from a variety of smart home devices, as well as
data that can be used in digital forensics, must be collected and analysed. Google Nest
Hub and Samsung Smart Things are the primary sources of forensic smart home data
that will be analysed in this study. As a result, we analysed the smart home data
collected using companion apps, web interfaces, and APIs to find information that was
relevant to our investigation. Various types of data collected by smart homes are also
discussed in the paper, and they can be used as crucial evidence in certain forensic
cases. IoT devices in a smart home can be hacked, and we'll investigate how, what data
can be recovered, and where it resides after it has been hacked as part of our
investigation.
A Guide to Digital Forensic: Theoretical To Software Based Investigations
Authors: Preeti  , Kumar Manoj , Sharma Hitesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Digital forensics is a part of forensic science that works with the use of
digital data generated, saved, and communicated by digital devices as evidence in
investigations and judicial actions. It is a growing field in computing that frequently
necessitates the intelligent analysis of large amounts of complex data. A form of digital
forensics has existed since nearly the invention of computers, however, as digital
forensic processes have matured and needs have become more prevalent, forensic
capabilities have seen significant advancements in recent years. Rapid advancements in
computer science and information technology enable the development of novel
techniques and software for digital investigations. Initially, much of the analysis
software was unique and proprietary, but over time, specialised analysis software for
both the private and governmental sectors became available. Also, it appears that
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an ideal approach for dealing with many of the current
problems in digital forensics. It is a well-established branch of modern computer
science that may help solve computationally massive or complicated problems in a
reasonable amount of time. The goal of this paper is to deliver a high-level overview of
digital forensics phases, applications, merits and demerits and widely used software of
the domain. The paper also discusses legitimate and legal considerations followed by
the scope and role of artificial intelligence for solving complex problems of digital
forensics.
Propagación vegetativa de Vanilla pompona subsp. grandiflora (Orchidaceae) en territorios inundables del Valle del Alto Mayo, Perú
Authors: Quinteros Gómez Yakov Mario , Cabrera Mestanza Dino , Macedo Bedoya Jehoshua , Santos Linares Víctor , Salinas Inga Abel
Published: June 2024

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La mayor diversidad del género Vanilla tiene preferencia por áreas húmedas e inundables como los aguajales, lo que limita la colecta y calidad de especímenes. Este estudio se enfoca en la propagación vegetativa de Vanilla pompona subsp. grandiflora en territorios inundables del Valle del Alto Mayo, Perú. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la cantidad óptima de nudos para el crecimiento de esquejes saludables de vainilla, utilizando sustratos de bajo costo. Métodos: La investigación se llevó a cabo en el vivero de la Finca Don Pepito en Tingana, en el departamento San Martín, Perú. Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, considerando cuatro tipos de esquejes y cuatro tratamientos (sustratos). Se realizaron observaciones a lo largo del experimento y se evaluó la activación de yemas, la salud de los esquejes y la relación entre los tratamientos. Resultados clave: Los resultados indican que la activación de las yemas está influenciada por el número de nudos en los esquejes, mostrando mayor eficiencia a medida que aumenta el número de nudos. Conclusiones: La propagación a través de esquejes de dos nudos se presenta como la mejor alternativa debido a lo limitado que resulta la obtención de material genético. Además, se evidencia que la salubridad de los esquejes está relacionada con el tipo de esqueje más que con los tratamientos.
Apakah Ukuran Memoderasi Pengaruh Enterprise Risk Management dan Good Corporate Governance pada Nilai Perusahaan?
Authors: Petricia Mutiara , Sakti Imanuel Madea
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on firm value, with bank size as a moderator. The research sample consists of 28 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2022. The research hypotheses were tested using panel data regression with a random effect model.  The test results found that ERM has a positive effect on firm value and its effect is strengthened by bank size as a moderator. Meanwhile, the influence of Independent Commissioners and Managerial Ownership is not proven.  The findings of this study support the view that ERM disclosure is essential in boosting firm value for investors and stakeholders, particularly for big companies. The role of independent commissioners and managerial ownership can be optimized so that it can have a significant positive impact on the company, especially the stakeholders.Keywords: Enterprise Risk Management, Good Corporate Governance, Firm Value, Bank SizeABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) dan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan ukuran bank sebagai pemoderasi. Sampel penelitian adalah 28 bank yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2022.  Hipotesis penelitian diuji dengan regresi panel data random effect model. Hasil pengujian menemukan bahwa ERM berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan dan pengaruhnya diperkuat ukuran bank sebagai pemoderasi. Sedangkan pengaruh Komisaris Independen dan Kepemilikan Manajerial tidak terbukti. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung bahwa pengungkapan ERM menjadi faktor penting dalam meningkatkan nilai perusahaan baik bagi investor maupun stakeholder perusahaan, terlebih pada perusahaan dengan ukuran besar. Peran dari komisaris independen dan kepemilikan manajerial diharapkan dapat dioptimalkan sehingga dapat memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan bagi perusahaan terutama bagi para stakeholder.Kata Kunci: Manajemen Risiko Perusahaan, Tata Kelola Perusahaan, Nilai Perusahaan, Ukuran Bank