bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residents’ Perception of Tree Diseases in the Urban Environment
Authors: Nali Cristina , Lorenzini Giacomo
Published: January 2022

Urban greenspaces are essential for the health and well-being of citizens and the presence of trees is a key element for the improvement of urban environments. But trees may become a factor of risk for the citizen when they are diseased, declining or dead. Common people are usually unaware of the intimate causes of plant diseases. Based on a balanced sample of 944 detailed interviews carried out in a structured format by university students, a survey was performed to monitor the perception of citizens of evergreen ornamental plants (Quercus ilex) killed by a root disease. Most of the interviewed were customary or moderate frequenters of the venue. Most of the respondents were able to recognize the differences between the dead tree and other conspecific normal individuals, and 86.2% were aware of the risks connected with the collapse of unhealthy trees. Differences amongst genders, age groups, educational levels, and occupation were observed concerning the supposed cause of the death (due to a fungal rot disease). Environmental pollution was indicated as the culprit mainly by young people. Surprisingly, 42.9% of respondents were unable (or unavailable) to give suggestions to administrators concerning the management of public greenery.
Revisiting the Salinity Tolerance of Crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.)
Authors: Cabrera Raul
Published: January 2022

The crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia L.) is one of the most popular flowering trees in the U.S. and abroad. L. indica cultivars have dominated urban and landscape settings until their recent displacement by modern interspecific L. indica × L. fauriei Kohene hybrids. This study evaluated the salt tolerance of an older L. indica cultivar, ‘Pink Lace,’ and the hybrids ‘Natchez’ and ‘Basham’s Party Pink.’ While the growth of these three cultivars was significantly and negatively affected by increasing NaCl salinity (0 to 24 mM) in the irrigation water, the shoot to root ratio (S/R) and aesthetic parameters (chlorophyll content and salt burn ratings) of ‘Pink Lace’ was the most affected. This cultivar showed the most responsive relationships between salt burn ratings and sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) accumulation in leaf tissues. ‘Basham’s Party Pink’ was rated as the most salt tolerant, with relatively steady S/R, chlorophyll contents and salt burn rating across all salinities, and its leaf tissues had the lowest accumulation of Na and Cl. Results from this study also support the hypothesis that geographical and ecological origins of the parent Lagerstroemia species and selections largely influences the relative salinity tolerance of the cultivars.
Review of Literature on the Function and Allometric Relationships of Tree Stems and Branches
Authors: Dahle Gregory , Grabosky Jason
Published: January 2022

The goal of maintenance pruning is the development of a tree canopy that meets a defined objective while minimizing the risk of failure. An indepth understanding of the primary functions of branches and how they influence canopy form is needed in order to assess the impacts of cultural practices such as pruning or plant spacing on canopy development. Allometric modeling describes the relationship between size and shape of organisms. This paper explores three allometric methods of modeling branch form (pipe model theory, fractal dimensioning, and power laws) and their potential in guiding pruning research. Additionally, two principal functions of plants—hydraulic and mechanical—are discussed in light of their impact of stem and branch form.
Yoga and Health
Authors: Singh Bijendra , Saras Yuvraj
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, yoga has been studied for its potential to treat current epidemic diseases such as mental stress, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Individual studies have found that yoga has a therapeutic impact on certain disorders, indicating that it may be used as a nonpharmaceutical strategy or as a supplement to pharmacological therapy for these conditions. However, for therapeutic objectives, these research have only employed yoga asana, pranayama, and/or brief durations of meditation. Yoga's general view is likewise the same, which is incorrect. Yoga actually refers to the merging of individual consciousness with the divine awareness. Yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and samadhi are the eight rungs or limbs of yoga..
Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of Maraging Steel Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting Through Intercritical Heat Treatment
Authors: Mahmood Khan Hamaid , Özer Gökhan , Safa Yilmaz Mustafa , Tarakci Gürkan
Published: January 2022

Selective laser melting allows the layerwise fabrication of bespoke designs, creating new prospects in applications and properties compared to conventional methods. Like other ultra-high-strength steels, maraging steels offer a high toughness/strength ratio. However, additively prepared maraging steels’ lower ductility and strain-hardening limit their commercial adaptability. Studies exist that show superior mechanical performance is attainable through martensite-to-austenite reversion. However, their impact on corrosion properties is not well understood. In the present study, maraging steel specimens were tempered close to austenite forming temperatures to investigate the reversed austenite effect on maraging steels’ pitting behavior. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize selective laser melting samples’ microstructure. To characterize and analyze the pitting performance, potentiodynamic polarization and open-circuit potential were performed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The intercritical heat-treatment within α’ + γ range of 720°C shows that reversed austenite precipitated mainly along the martensite laths boundaries. The local Ni enrichment as a result of intermetallic particles’ dissolution enables the nucleation of reversed austenite. As a result, the 720°C-tempered specimen exhibits a higher pitting potential, lower corrosion current density, and lower corrosion rate than the as-printed, aged, and homogenized (without reversed austenite) specimens. This study shows that the reversed austenite enhances the pitting resistance of maraging steels.
PARCERIA INSTITUCIONAL PARA CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA APLICADA À BIODIVERSIDADE DO MEDITERRÂNEO
Authors: Dutra Débora Rodrigues , Vieira Ilgner Fernando Tavares , Rodrigues Luiz Antonio da Costa , Simião Aslessandra Soares Oliveira
Published: January 2022

Introdução: O mar Mediterrâneo está situado ao norte da África, ao sul da Europa e a oeste da Ásia. Banhando dezoito nacionalidades diferentes. Possui grande importância histórica, porém em países não banhados pelo mesmo enfrentam grande dificuldade em relação ao conhecimento da biodiversidade, ao estudo científico e a divulgação científica relacionada ao Mediterrâneo. Objetivo: Divulgar a estrutura de pesquisa estabelecida entre um Centro Universitário da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, um empresa de tecnologia marinha também localizada na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro e um Museu da biodiversidade Marinha do Mar Mediterrâneo, localizado em Palermo (Itália). Material e Métodos: Após o estabelecimento de convênio, foi realizado processo seletivo de estagiários para alocação nas seguintes linhas de pesquisa: Biodiversidade, Clima, Educação e popularização da Ciência. Resultados: Os estagiários foram alocados em linhas de pesquisa coordenadas por 2 docentes que realizaram reuniões semanais, revisões bibliográficas exploratórias, seminários temáticos. Após 2 meses de apropriação do tema foi iniciada a fase de triagem de dados. Os grupo de Biodiversidade iniciou a análises de dados ambientais coletados por telemetria e veículos não tripulados. Os dados foram consolidados e encontra-se em análise morfométrica. O grupo de Educação e Popularização da ciência realizou análise dos documentos normativos da educação básica com o objetivo de identificar oportunidades para produção de material didático e de apoio ao docente. O grupo de Clima realizou extensa revisão sobre as conexões atmosférica que podem exercer influência sobre a dinâmica de massas de água na região de estudo. Conclusão: O estabelecimento da parceria institucional permitiu a análise de dados, a ampliação da discussão sobre o tema no Brasil e o estabelecimento de novos projetos na áreas de ciência e tecnologia para prototipagem de equipamentos de análise ambiental que poderão contribuir significativamente na pesquisa científica.
Handel hält Rekordniveau
Authors: Schulz Hans-Jürgen , Tewes Werner , Stockburger Manfred
Published: January 2022

Ob trotz oder gerade wegen der sich verschärfenden Corona-Lage: Der Lebensmitteleinzelhandel kann im Weihnachtsgeschäft 2021 an die hohen Umsätze aus dem Vorjahreszeitraum anknüpfen.
„Lebensmittel brauchen keinen Beipackzettel“
Authors: Bender Hanno
Published: January 2022

Der Präsident des Bundesverbands des Deutschen Lebensmittelhandels (BVLH) Friedhelm Dornseifer im Interview mit der LZ zur neuen Bundesregierung und zum Dauerkonflikt mit den Landwirten.
A Review on Black hole solutions in General Relativity
Authors: Sati Monika , Petwal K.C.
Published: January 2022

In the present manuscript, we endeavour to review and develop the black hole solutions in general relativity. We emphasize here the Schwarzschild solution in Einstein’s field equation, which describes the gravitational field outside a spherical mass. The paper aims to obtain certain results, including the description of the Einstein field equation with stationary and static solutions and components of the metric that turns out to be
time independent, some experiments on the Schwarzschild - Penrose diagram, the Kerr-Newman solution for rotating black holes, and the Reissner- Nordstrom solution for static and charged black holes.
The Biochemical investigation and analysis to determine a potent biomarker for HCC
and HCV infections
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Thapliyal Priya , Rayal Rajesh , Saharan Baljeet Singh , Kumar Arun , Sahni Shweta
Published: January 2022

The communicable Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection causes global health problems and deaths due to transmission by blood and body fluids and general symptoms include loss of appetite, fatigue, fever, abdominal pain, swelling, jaundice, and dark urine.This study contains a detailed study about the potent biochemical biomarkers for the diagnosis and detection of HCV infection. It includes the biochemical profiling
relating to the HCV infection among both the genders of the human population is included in this paper.96 (5ml) EDTA blood samples of suspected HCV infected patients were collected from the different hospitals in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The RNA extraction was performedwith the help of QIAamp Viral RNA mini kit (Cat. no. 52904). The HCV RNA quantification was achieved using the machine named Rotor Gene Q5 Plex
Real-Time PCR and master mix was prepared by the Artus Amplification Kit from Qiagen.Out of 96 samples collected for HCV RNA biochemical profiling, 58 cases i.e., were found with the heavy load of virus and the study had 38 cases in which target virus was not detected. The biochemical investigation was performed on 96 cases with a high viral load of more than 34 IU/ml (≥34 IU/ml). The cases belonging to age 21-40 and 41-60
years were found to be most prominent among 35 and 37 cases respectively due to the repeated exposure to infected blood and the age group of 0-20 years was found to be least susceptible due to the protective antibody titer against HCV due to the vaccination in early age.
Pattern of Forest Resource Utilization in Some Villages of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand,
India
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Tiwari Prabhawati , Bagri Ajendra Singh , Rawat Vinay , Rautela Bharti , Rawat Dinesh Singh
Published: January 2022

The Garhwal Himalaya, located in the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotpot, is facing a tremendous pressure especially in human habitation localities where majority of the inhabitants are dependent on the natural resources for their daily needs. The forest resource use patterns vary from one place to another depending upon the livelihood status of inhabitant of particular area. The present study deals the forest resource use pattern in five villages namely Ghidrasu, Daang, Kathur, Khon and Thapli situated in the fringe of a reserve forest of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. The average fodder consumption was found 1136.13±148.44 kg/ family/ month that ranged 1047.62–1334.56 kg/ family/ month. The average fuelwood consumption/ household/ month varied from 451.04 to 560.74 kg (average 486.30±43.90 kg). The average LPG consumption varied from 13.59 to 14.26 kg/ household/ month (average 13.85±0.25 kg) in the area. The
total importance value (TIV) analysis revealed that Aesculus indica, Euonymus pendulus, Lyonia ovalifolia, Myrica esculenta, Pinus roxburghii, Prunus cerasoides, Quercus oblongata, Rhododendron arboreum and Swida macrophylla were the tree species of higher socioeconomic values hence needs especial concern and priority in conservation and management related activities.
Ecological studies on the aquatic macro-invertebrate population dynamics of the snow-fed
Kali River in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Verma Rakesh , Sharma Priyanka , Upadhyay Lata
Published: January 2022

Freshwater macro-invertebrates are the bottom dwelling organisms. Their presence, distribution and diversity is affected by many eco-biological factors. The aim of this study was to assess the factors that impact upon the population dynamics of macro- invertebrates, while correlating the relationship between various physio-chemical
parameters and macro-invertebrates from the Kali River, Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand). The samples were collected using a quartet square in the sampling area of one square feet of the stream bed, which was then, after placing in 70% alcohol, taken to the laboratory for identification and enumeration. A total of 24 genera and 28 species were found during the study, which belongs to 3 phylum, 5 classes, 10 order and 20 families. A total of eight physiochemical parameters were studied on a monthly basis round the year. The ecological impact was measured by establishing the correlation between recorded physio-chemical parameters and invertebrates’ diversity, in which water temperature, air temperature, velocity, and conductivity showed a negative correlation while pH, DO, total alkalinity, and total hardness showed a positive correlation. Various alpha diversity indices were estimated with the help of PAST software which indicated diverse macro-invertebrate communities in the Kali River in District Pithoragarh.
Correlation in Seed Coat Colour and Pod Colour of French Bean Collected form Garhwal
Himalayas
Authors: Chamoli Navneeti , Prabha Deepti , Chauhan Jai Singh
Published: January 2022

Uttarakhand is one of the most important sources of French bean and the landraces grown throughout Uttarakhand are valuable sources of genes for breeding Programme and evolutionary studies. The objective of our experiment was to study about the correlation between pod colour and seed coat colour. Thirty accessions of French bean were collected from different districts of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. Two years field trials (2019 and 2020) were conducted and the seed and pod data were recorded. Frequency distribution, UPGMA cluster analysis and Mantel correlogram revealed that the accession whose pod colour was green (without any pattern), their seeds were also plane while the accessions whose pods were carrying some pattern or stripes their pods were also textured or mottled. The knowledge of correlation between seeds and pods can be used in French bean breeding Programme. The knowledge could be used to identify within accession variability in French bean germplasm to protect each type from extinction
A concise study on the expression of GFP protein in E. coli strain DH5α
Authors: Garg Maryada , Dobriyal Anoop K.
Published: January 2022

The GFP protein is a protein of high interest for molecular biologists and biotechnologists. Since 1994, this protein has proved to be an indispensable tool for molecular biology and biotechnology research work. This protein requires only oxygen and an energy source like glucose to work. It gives a green colour in presence of UV to blue light. This protein can be attached with the foreign gene to track its expression. The main aim of the task is to introduce GFP into the given bacterial culture. Induction of the protein gene is followed by
Bradford assay; quantification of protein is done using this. The results of gene induction are checked via SDSPAGE and western blot. All preparations are of standard grade and all readings are taken in triplicates. A standard graph is also made to find out the protein in the unknown.
PENDAMPINGAN PROMOSI PARIWISATA DESA SUMBER REJO PURWOSARI PASURUAN (JEMPINANG RAFTING)
Authors: Zainul Rojikin Mohammad , Nurma Yuwita
Published: January 2022

In an era of pandemics like this, tourism everywhere is subject to the same impact, a significant drop in the number of visitors and also the large losses experienced by tourism managers make it a big pr to continue to improve. In experiencing a pandemic like this, promotions must be carried out so that visitors continue to come to these tours and also the stability of managers and traders in tourist attractions remains prosperous. Therefore, the authors carry out Real Work Practices (PKN) in assisting rural tourism promotion that focuses on social media including Facebook, Instagram, Tik Tok, and news media. So that the jempinang rafting tour will be better known by people throughout Indonesia. From the use of these three media, Instagram is more dominant for promotion on social media because many social media users have created new interests, namely promotion through social media. The second is occupied by the Tik Tok application and the third is the news media.
PENERAPAN MEDIA FLIIPBOOK NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ANTIKORUPSI DI TPQ BAABUSSALAM KECAMATAN SUKUN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Fayrus Abadi Slamet  , Moch. Mukhlis
Published: January 2022

Pendidikan antikorupsi merupakan salah satu solusi dalam mengatasi masalah korupsi di Indonesia. Pendidikan antikorupsi yang dimaksud adalah pendidikan yang dilakukan dengan penguatan secara berulang ulang, yang sangat strategis diterapkan pada anak usia pra sekolah dengan pertimbangan bahwa untuk penanaman belief pada anak masa tersebut merupakan waktu yang paling strategis untuk dilakukan. Pendidikan antikorupsi bertujuan untuk membentuk dan membangun kepedulian masyarakat terhadap bahayanya korupsi melalui pemberian pendidikan antikorupsi. Membentuk karakter memang sangat perlu dilakukan sejak dini, termasuk pembentukan karakter kepada anak mengenai nilai-nilai Pendidikan antikorupsi. Pemberian nilai-nilai antikorupsi sejak dini dapat membantu orang tua dalam proses perkembangan anak untuk lebih mengetahui perbuatan-perbuatan yang tidak terpuji. Perlunya memberikan media kepada anak dalam menyampaikan materi-materi maupun contoh langsung mengenai nilai-nilai Pendidikan antikorupsi. Tujuan dari pendidikan antikorupsi adalah untuk memperkenalkan korupsi melalui latarbelakangnya, dengan melihat penyebab dan akibatnya, serta untuk memberikan sikap untuk menolak korupsi. Pada penelitian pengabdian masyarakat ini, peneliti memakai metode secara umum kualitatif, dengan memberikan kombinasi, konsultasi dan pendampingan. Hasil dari Penerapan nilai-nilai Pendidikan antikorupsi santri-santri dapat menerapkan secara langsung dalam kegiatan aktivitas yang ada di TPQ Baabussalam
PENDAMPINGAN INOVASI MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN KELAS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMP SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG
Authors: Tyasmaning Endang
Published: January 2022

SMP Sunan Kalijogo Jabung merupakan sekolah yang berada dalam naungan pondok pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung, maka itu Pendidikan agama sangat ditekankan pada para siswa yang menempuh Pendidikan di sekolah ini. Maka untuk mewujudkan hal itu maka dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian dalam bentuk pendampingan inovasi manajemen pengelolaan kelas dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam. Tujuan pelaksanaan pendampingan ini agar dapat meningkatkan lagi hasil pembelajaran di bidang Pendidikan agama islam agar lebih berkualitas dan memberikan pengaruh yang baik bagi siswa atau guru. Maka itu pendampingan ini difokuskan pada manajemen pengelolaan kelas guna meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran, pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan juli dengan mengundang beberapa nara sumber yang kompeten di bidang Pendidikan agama islam dan manajemen pengelolaan kelas. Luaran dari pengabdian ini berupa buku ber-ISBN dan sebuah artikel yang di publish pada jurnal Nasional ber-ISSN.
Problemas, paradojas y paradigmas
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 76, No. 766, 2021: 283-288.
Gestionar para la convivencia inclusiva, una deuda del modelo educativo salvadoreño
Authors: Avelar Carmen
Published: January 2022

Este artículo intenta ser una reflexión sobre la influencia de la gestión escolar para generar espacios de convivencia inclusiva. Dicha reflexión está acompañada de algunas interrogantes: ¿qué se entiende y cómo se ve la convivencia y cuál es su enfoque? ¿Cuál es el modelo de gestión que predomina en el centro escolar tomado para el estudio de caso? Para responder a estas interrogantes, se realizó una investigación bajo la metodología de estudio de caso en un centro escolar de uno de los municipios priorizados del Plan El Salvador Seguro (PESS). Se desarrollaron entrevistas, grupos de discusión y un diagnóstico sobre convivencia inclusiva cuyos resultados permitieron tener un primer acercamiento a los procesos de gestión que se llevan a cabo en un centro escolar en contexto de violencia e inseguridad de pandillas; asimismo, se indagó si estos procesos de gestión están posibilitando verdaderos espacios de convivencia inclusiva o si, por el contrario, están perpetuando el ciclo de violencia y exclusión.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 76, No. 766, 2021: 309-326.
asesoría técnica pedagógica en El Salvador en el marco de la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Profesional Docente
Authors: Batres Luisa María , Xico Xicay Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 76, No. 766, 2021: 343-359.
aprendizaje experiencial en la formación docente: un abordaje disruptivo
Authors: Pacas Gloria Mercedes
Published: January 2022

Este artículo propone el aprendizaje experiencial como una metodología que puede contribuir sustancialmente a la formación de docentes de idioma inglés en un El Salvador caracterizado por el autoritarismo, la confrontación, así como el pobre desarrollo de pensamiento crítico y creativo. Luego, se explican algunos de los principios fundamentales de este enfoque, así como las distintas disrupciones que presentan al paradigma de facilitación del idioma inglés en el país. Después, se destacan los aportes que ofrece a la formación de profesionales en la disciplina a través de cuatro experiencias desarrolladas entre 2019 y 2020 con estudiantes y docentes de distintos niveles del Profesorado y la Licenciatura en Idioma Inglés en la Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas de El Salvador.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 76, No. 766, 2021: 375-387.
In memoriam Christoph Schwöbel (1955–2021)
Authors: Svinth-Værge Põder Christine
Published: January 2022

N/A
University Marketing using the Howard-Sheth Paradigm
Authors: Ion-Dănuț Lixandru
Published: January 2022

A fundamental premise for understanding and forecasting the functioning of a system, modeling is a method that aids in the development of any phenomena, without question. Marketing modeling is a concept that is seldom utilized in university marketing.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS PUZZLE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS 8 SMPN 15 MUKOMUKO
Authors: YETTI REFNIL
Published: January 2022

Inviting someone to be able to study according to a predetermined plan is not easy, especially after the covid-19 pandemic, many children are lazy in learning, especially reading, so teaching materials are needed that can attract students' interest. For junior high school students who still want to play dominantly, the teacher must be able to provide teaching materials in which there is an element of play so that students can be motivated in learning. Based on this background, the researchers conducted a Development Research on Puzzle-based LKPD to improve the science learning outcomes of class VIII SMPN 15 Mukomuko students on the material of the Human Circulatory System. The puzzle that the researcher means is a crossword puzzle. From the results of research and testing from the validator team, researchers got a Puzzle-based worksheet that can be used after the validator team's assessment of the presentation aspect with a value of 18 on the criteria 72% is in the category of quite valid and suitable for use with minor revisions, and the content aspect with a value of 23 on the 76% criteria are in the valid category and suitable for use without revision. From this research we get a reference that can be used by science subject teachers to teach material on the human circulatory system.

ABSTRAKMengajak seseorang untuk bisa belajar sesuai dengan rencana yang sudah ditetapkan bukanlah hal yang mudah, apalagi setelah pandemi covid-19, banyak anak yang malas dalam belajar terutama membaca, sehingga diperlukan bahan ajar yang dapat menarik minat siswa. untuk siswa SMP yang masih dominan ingin bermain maka guru harus dapat menyediakan bahan ajar yang didalamnya ada unsur bermain sehingga siswa dapat termotivasi dalam belajar. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut peneliti melakukan Penelitian Pengembangan teradap LKPD berbasis Puzzle untuk meningktkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas VIII SMPN 15 Mukomuko pada materi Sistem Peredaran Darah manusia. Puzzle yang peneliti maksud adalah teka-teki silang. Dari hasil penelitian dan pengujian dari tim Validator peneliti mendapatkan LKPD berbasis Puzzle yang dapat digunakan setelah penilaian dari tim validator terhadap aspek sajian dengan nilai 18 pada kriteria 72% berada pada kategori cukup valid dan layak digunakan dengan revisi kecil, dan aspek Isi dengan nilai 23 pada kriteria 76% berada pada kategori valid dan layak digunakan tanpa revisi.dari penelitian ini kita mendapatkan sebuah referensi yang dapat digunakan oleh guru mata pelajaran IPA untuk mengajarkan materi sistema peredaran darah manusia.
Automation of workover candidate ranking processes at Krasnoleninskoye oil and gas condensate field
Authors: Sinitsyna Tatyana I. , Gorbunov Andrey N.
Published: January 2022

Background. Workovers (WO) are the main EOR tool at Krasnoleninskoye reservoirs. Therefore, the issue of increasing the reliability of technological and economic performance when planning various types of workovers is urgent. This is due to the complexity of selecting well candidates, the lack of a comprehensive methodology for assessing the short-term and long-term potential of wells, large WO scopes, as well as declining WO performance associated with the reduction of reserves, deterioration of the energy state of the reservoirs, and advancement of the injected water front.

The purpose of the study is to create mathematical tools that will reduce the time of well-candidates selection for various types of workovers and to improve the WO quality for entire field.

The paper describes methods of automated selection of well candidates that were successfully applied in the conditions of the field of interest, namely graphical and mathematical tools. The mathematical one has been created based on the correlation-regression analysis of the actual implementation of stimulation methods in various geological-field conditions in Microsoft Excel 2010 with Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The graphical tool has been generated on the basis of all historical field data verified and processed using methods of primary statistical analysis in RN-KIN software.

The study resulted in a technique that was selected and tested in the conditions of Krasnoleninskoye oil and gas condensate field. The process of introducing the developed approaches to the search for well candidates for various types of workovers in the field was accompanied by updating, analysis of results, and cyclic training of the system. A methodological approach has been developed, including the combination of several methods for selecting well candidates for various types of workovers. A combination of statistical and graphical methods made it possible to significantly improve the reliability of WO candidates selection and therefore to reduce the share of uneconomic workovers by 12 % in the period from 2017 to 2020. As part of the study, a script has been developed that automatically computes the rank of a well-candidate which significantly reduces time costs and allows to quickly evaluate the “best” workover candidates.
Facies models of hydrocarbon-bearing formations of Podneytinskiy reservoir at Bovanenkovskoye and Kharasaveyskoye fields
Authors: Popova Oksana A. , Uraev Oleg O.
Published: January 2022

Background. Significant part of hydrocarbons at Bovanenkovskoye and Kharasaveyskoye fields are contained in Podneytinskiy reservoir, and study of geological features of its productive strata is important for development planning for the fields in a whole.

Aim. The paper reflects the results of integrating well and seismic data to characterize the formations of Podneytinskiy reservoir at Bovanenkovskoye and Kharasaveyskoye fields.

Materials and methods. As part of the study, sedimentological description of core was analyzed, the core, well logging and seismic survey information were assessed, and the facies schemes were prepared.

Results. As a result of the work, the reservoir architecture features and the distribution of reservoir properties of the target interval were revealed. It has been established that the considered formations of Podneytinskiy reservoir can be divided into two parts, the lower one is represented by deposits of predominantly deltaic origin, and the upper one is of continental and subcontinental genesis. The sedimentary conditions of rocks influenced the complexity of their architecture, so, in the formations referred to the lower part of the studied interval, the reservoirs, as a rule, are laterally continuous, in contrast to the deposits of the upper part of the section, which are typically characterized by extremely high lateral heterogeneity. Depositional conditions also influenced the reservoir properties of productive sediments. As a result of the work, it was revealed that the reservoirs of better quality are formed in fluvial and tidal channels, distributary channels and proximal parts of deltas, they have higher reservoir properties, are characterized by thicker sandstone interlayers and lower portion of carbonated interlayers in comparison with reservoirs formed in other conditions.

Conclusions. The article provides quantitative characteristics of reservoir properties depending on sedimentary conditions. The results obtained form the basis for creation of geological models of Bovanenkovskoye and Kharasaveyskoye fields.
Versatile soil gas concentration and isotope monitoring: optimization and integration of novel soil gas probes with online trace gas detection
Authors: Gil-Loaiza Juliana , Roscioli Joseph R. , Shorter Joanne H. , Volkmann Till H. M. , Ng Wei-Ren , Krechmer Jordan E. , Meredith Laura K.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Gas concentrations and isotopic signatures can unveil microbial
metabolisms and their responses to environmental changes in soil. Currently,
few methods measure in situ soil trace gases such as the products of
nitrogen and carbon cycling or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that
constrain microbial biochemical processes like nitrification,
methanogenesis, respiration, and microbial communication. Versatile trace
gas sampling systems that integrate soil probes with sensitive trace gas
analyzers could fill this gap with in situ soil gas measurements that
resolve spatial (centimeters) and temporal (minutes) patterns. We developed
a system that integrates new porous and hydrophobic sintered polytetrafluoroethylene (sPTFE) diffusive
soil gas probes that non-disruptively collect soil gas samples with a
transfer system to direct gas from multiple probes to one or more central
gas analyzer(s) such as laser and mass spectrometers. Here, we demonstrate
the feasibility and versatility of this automated multiprobe system for
soil gas measurements of isotopic ratios of nitrous oxide (δ18O,
δ15N, and the 15N site preference of N2O), methane, carbon dioxide
(δ13C), and VOCs. First, we used an inert silica matrix to challenge
probe measurements under controlled gas conditions. By changing and
controlling system flow parameters, including the probe flow rate, we
optimized recovery of representative soil gas samples while reducing
sampling artifacts on subsurface concentrations. Second, we used this system
to provide a real-time window into the impact of environmental manipulation
of irrigation and soil redox conditions on in situ N2O and VOC
concentrations. Moreover, to reveal the dynamics in the stable isotope
ratios of N2O (i.e., 14N14N16O, 14N15N16O, 15N14N16O, and 14N14N18O), we
developed a new high-precision laser spectrometer with a reduced sample
volume demand. Our integrated system – a tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectrometry (TILDAS) in parallel with Vocus proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), in line with sPTFE
soil gas probes – successfully quantified isotopic signatures for N2O, CO2,
and VOCs in real time as responses to changes in the dry–wetting cycle and redox
conditions. Broadening the collection of trace gases that can be monitored in the
subsurface is critical for monitoring biogeochemical cycles, ecosystem
health, and management practices at scales relevant to the soil system.
Km-resolution climate models: prospects and challenges
Authors: Schär Christoph
Published: January 2022

Currently major efforts are underway toward refining the horizontal grid spacing of climate models to about 1 km, using both global and regional climate models. There is the well-founded hope that this increase in resolution will improve climate models, as it enables replacing the parameterizations of moist convection and gravity-wave drag by explicit treatments. Results suggest that this approach has a high potential in improving the representation of the water cycle and extreme events, and in reducing uncertainties in climate change projections. The presentation will provide examples of these developments in the areas of heavy precipitation and severe weather events over Europe. In addition, it will be argued that km-resolution is a promising approach toward constraining uncertainties in global climate change projections, due to improvements in the representation of tropical and subtropical clouds. Work in the latter area has only recently started and results are highly encouraging.

For a few years there have also been attempts to make km-resolution available in global climate models for decade-long simulations. Developing this approach requires a concerted effort. Key challenges include the exploitation of the next generation hardware architectures using accelerators (e.g. graphics processing units, GPUs), the development of suitable approaches to overcome the output avalanche, and the maintenance of the rapidly-developing model source codes on a number of different compute architectures. Despite these challenges, it will be argued that km-resolution GCMs with a capacity to run at 1 SYPD (simulated year per day), might be much closer than commonly believed.

The presentation is largely based on a recent collaborative paper (Schär et al., 2020, BAMS, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0167.1) and ongoing studies. It will also present aspects of a recent Swiss project in this area (EXCLAIM, https://exclaim.ethz.ch/).
A 1-km daily surface soil moisture dataset of enhanced coverage under all-weather conditions over China in 2003–2019
Authors: Song Peilin , Zhang Yongqiang , Guo Jianping , Shi Jiancheng , Zhao Tianjie , Tong Bing
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Surface soil moisture (SSM) is crucial for understanding the hydrological process of our earth surface. Passive microwave (PM) technique has long been the primary tool for estimating global SSM from the view of satellite, while the coarse resolution (usually >~10 km) of PM observations hampers its applications at finer scales. Although quantitative studies have been proposed for downscaling satellite PM-based SSM, very few products have been available to public that meet the qualification of 1-km resolution and daily revisit cycles under all-weather conditions. In this study, we developed one such SSM product in China with all these characteristics. The product was generated through downscaling the AMSR-E/AMSR-2 based SSM at 36-km, covering all on-orbit time of the two radiometers during 2003–2019. MODIS optical reflectance data and daily thermal infrared land surface temperature (LST) that had been gap-filled for cloudy conditions were the primary data inputs of the downscaling model, so that the “all-weather” quality was achieved for the 1-km SSM. Daily images from this developed SSM product have quasi-complete coverage over the country during April–September. For other months, the national coverage percentage of the developed product is also greatly improved against the original daily PM observations, through a specifically developed sub-model for filling the gap between seams of neighboring PM swaths during the downscaling procedure. The product is well compared against in situ soil moisture measurements from 2000+ meteorological stations, indicated by station averages of the unbiased RMSD ranging from 0.052 vol/vol to 0.059 vol/vol. Moreover, the evaluation results also show that the developed product outperforms the SMAP-Sentinel (Active-Passive microwave) combined SSM product at 1-km, with a correlation coefficient of 0.55 achieved against that of 0.40 for the latter product. This indicates the new product has great potential to be used for hydrological community, agricultural industry, water resource and environment management.
Improving Madden–Julian Oscillation Simulation in Atmospheric General Circulation Models by Coupling with Snow–Ice–Thermocline One-dimensional Ocean Model
Authors: Tseng Wan-Ling , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Lan Yung-Yao , Tu Chia-Ying , Kuo Pei-Hsuan , Tsuang Ben-Jei , Liang Hsin-Chien
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A one-column turbulent kinetic energy–type ocean mixed-layer model Snow–Ice–Thermocline (SIT) when coupled with three atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) to yielded superior Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) simulation. SIT is designed to have fine layers similar to those observed near the ocean surface and therefore can realistically simulate the diurnal warm layer and cool skin. This refined discretization of the near ocean surface in SIT provides accurate sea surface temperature (SST) simulation, thus facilitating realistic air–sea interaction. Coupling SIT with European Centre Hamburg Model, Version 5 (ECHAM5); Community Atmosphere Model, Version 5 (CAM5); and High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) significantly improved MJO simulation in three coupled AGCMs compared with the AGCM driven with prescribed SST. This study suggests two major improvements to the coupling process. First, during the preconditioning phase of MJO over Maritime Continent (MC), the over underestimated surface latent heat bias in AGCMs can be corrected. Second, during the phase of strongest convection over MC, the change of the intraseasonal circulation in the meridional circulation is the dominant factor in the coupled simulations relative to the uncoupled experiments. The study results indicate that a fine vertical resolution near the surface, which better captures temperature variations in the upper few meters of the ocean, considerably improves different models with different configurations and physical parameterization schemes; this could be an essential factor for accurate MJO simulation.
Climate Projections over the Great Lakes Region: Using Two-way Coupling of a Regional Climate Model with a 3-D Lake Model
Authors: Xue Pengfei , Ye Xinyu , Pal Jeremy S. , Chu Philip Y. , Kayastha Miraj B. , Huang Chenfu
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Warming trends of the Laurentian Great Lakes and surrounding areas have been observed in recent decades, and concerns continue to rise about the pace and pattern of future climate change over the world’s largest freshwater system. To date, many regional climate models used for the Great Lakes projection either neglected the lake-atmosphere interactions or only coupled with 1-D column lake models to represent the lake hydrodynamics. The study presents the Great Lakes climate change projection that has employed the two-way coupling of a regional climate model with a 3-D lake model (GLARM) to resolve 3-D hydrodynamics important for large lakes. Using the three carefully selected CMIP5 AOGCMS, we show that the GLARM ensemble average substantially reduces the surface air temperature and precipitation biases of the driving AOGCM ensemble average in present-day climate simulations. The improvements are not only displayed from the atmospheric perspective but also evidenced in accurate simulations of lake surface temperature, and ice coverage and duration. After that, we present the GLARM projected climate change for the mid-21st century (2030–2049) and the late century (2080–2099) for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Under RCP 8.5, the Great Lakes basin is projected to warm by 1.3–2.2 °C by the mid-21st century and 4.0–4.9 °C by the end of the century relative to the early-century (2000–2019). Moderate mitigation (RCP 4.5) reduces the mid-century warming to 0.8–1.9 °C and late-century warming to 1.8–2.7 °C. Annual precipitation in GLARM is projected to increase for the entire basin, varying from −0.4 % to 10.5 % during the mid-century and 1.2 % to 28.5 % during the late-century under different scenarios and simulations. The most significant increases are projected in spring and early summer when current precipitation is highest and little increase in winter when it is lowest. Lake surface temperatures (LSTs) are also projected to increase across the five lakes in all of the simulations, but with strong seasonal and spatial heterogeneities. The most significant LST increase will occur in Lake Superior. The strongest warming was projected in spring, followed by strong summer warming, suggesting earlier and more intense stratification in the future. In contrast, a relatively smaller increase in LSTs during fall and winter are projected with heat transfer to the deepwater due to strong mixing and energy required for ice melting. Correspondingly, the highest monthly mean ice cover is projected to be 3–6 % and 8–20 % across the lakes by the end of the century in RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5, respectively. In the coastal regions, ice duration will decrease by up to 30–50 days.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF RADAR REMOTE SENSING VIA SENTINEL-1 DATA AND PHOTO-INTERPRETATION BY GOOGLE EARTH IMAGES FOR WETLAND MAPPING
Authors: Benchelha M. , Benzha F. , Rhinane H. , Zilali A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Wetlands are considered as sensitive ecosystems exposed and threatened by climate change and the urbanization of natural environments. In the purpose of managing these sensitive areas and conservatizing their biodiversity, remote sensing is an efficient way to track environmental variables over large areas as wetlands. However, when it comes to the study of hydrologic dynamics, high temporal and spatial resolutions are essential. Since the access to optical satellite imagery is restrictive because of the large cloud cover that masks the ground, radar sensors that are working in the microwave field, are particularly suited to the characterization of hydrological dynamics due to the sensitivity of their measurements in the presence of water, regardless of the vegetation in place. Recently, radar remote sensing has experienced a real revolution with the launch of the Sentinel-1A satellite in 2014, followed by its twin Sentinel-1B two years later by the European Space Agency as part of the Copernicus program. These sensors acquire C-band data (λ = 5.6 cm) with a temporal resolution of 12 days by satellite and their distribution is open and free. This article aims to assess the potential of Sentinel A1 SAR data for wetland mapping in the city of Benslimane (Central Morocco). The first part is explaining the methodology for mapping water surfaces. We identified a confusion of the C-band radar response of water surfaces and that of certain bare soils. We then showed that the VH polarization is the most suitable for the mapping of water surfaces, comparing four methods of detecting areas in water. It. The second part is discussing the use of unsupervised methods without a priori data demonstrating that the methods taking into account the spatial neighborhood give better results. Temporal filtering has been developed and has made it possible to improve detection and to overcome confusion between bare soil and permanent water surfaces. Water surfaces larger than 0.5 ha are at 80% detected. Classification was performed using the SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm. This latter information was then implemented into the thematic map derived from SPOT-4 images to obtain the final weltands map.
SPATIAL RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF OVERSAMPLED IMAGES USING REGRESSION DECOMPOSITION AND SYNTHESIS
Authors: Chen H.-W.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A new statistical model designed for regression analysis with a sparse design matrix is proposed. This new model utilizes the positions of the limited non-zero elements in the design matrix to decompose the regression model into sub-regression models. Statistical inferences are further made on the values of these limited non-zero elements to provide a reference for synthesizing these sub-regression models. With this concept of the regression decomposition and synthesis, the information on the structure of the design matrix can be incorporated into the regression analysis to provide a more reliable estimation. The proposed model is then applied to resolve the spatial resolution enhancement problem for spatially oversampled images. To systematically evaluate the performance of the proposed model in enhancing the spatial resolution, the proposed approach is applied to the oversampled images that are reproduced via random field simulations. These application results based on different generated scenarios then conclude the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed approach in enhancing the spatial resolution of spatially oversampled images.
De-risking the energy transition by quantifying the uncertainties in fault stability
Authors: Healy David , Hicks Stephen Paul
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The operations needed to decarbonize our energy systems
increasingly involve faulted rocks in the subsurface. To manage the
technical challenges presented by these rocks and the justifiable public
concern over induced seismicity, we need to assess the risks. Widely used
measures for fault stability, including slip and dilation tendency and
fracture susceptibility, can be combined with response surface methodology
from engineering and Monte Carlo simulations to produce statistically viable
ensembles for the analysis of probability. In this paper, we describe the
implementation of this approach using custom-built open-source Python code
(pfs – probability of fault slip). The technique is then illustrated using two
synthetic examples and two case studies drawn from active or potential sites
for geothermal energy in the UK and discussed in the light of induced
seismicity focal mechanisms. The analysis of probability highlights key gaps
in our knowledge of the stress field, fluid pressures, and rock properties.
Scope exists to develop, integrate, and exploit citizen science projects to
generate more and better data and simultaneously include the public in the
necessary discussions about hazard and risk.