bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAKIKAT NAFS DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PERILAKU JUJUR DALAM BIMBINGAN KONSELING
Authors: Chikita Daien , Soleha Sovatunisa , Seprianto Seprianto , Rizal Syamsul , Fadila Fadila
Published: January 2023

Konselor islami perlu dilakukan mengingat pentingnya pemberian layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang profesional, pemberian materi berupa tazkiyatun nafs diharapkan mampu memberikan bekal kepada calon konselor dalam pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang profesional dan berlandaskan nilai-nilai dalam Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian studi pustaka (Library Reseach). Studi pustaka ialah penelitian yang teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan di lapangan (perpustakaan) dengan didasarkan atas pembacaan-pembacaan terhadap beberapa literatur yang memiliki informasi serta memiliki relevansi dengan topik penelitian. proses pendidikan Islam disini adalah membawa siswa pada keadaan seimbang antara jasmani dan rokhani atau fisik dan psikis. Keseimbangan antara jasmani dan rokhani ini lebih menekankan kepada kecukupan pemenuhan keduanya. Kebutuhan fisik lebih kepada kebutuhan untuk bertahan hidup, makan, minum, pakaian, tempat tinggal dll. Sedangkan kebutuhan rokhani lebih mengarah kepada pemenuhan dalam spiritualitas yang merujuk kepada ketentraman jiwa sehingga menghasilkan jiwa yang sehat.
STRATEGI SUPERVISI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING BERBASIS INTEGRATED INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Elawati Susila , Hartini Hartini , Azwar Beni
Published: January 2023

This article aims to discuss the supervision strategy of guidance and counseling services based on integrated instructional strategy. Namely the BK service supervision strategy which consists of a set defined by each component, which helps ensure it is embedded in the design and instructions. This strategy can also be an alternative for BK teachers to improve their professionalism in facing challenges in today's digital era. This strategy consists of four main components, namely Real World Connection, Critical Thinking, Public Service, Autonomy. These four components are the main components that need to be implemented in the steps and strategies for supervising BK services based on an integrated instructional strategy, so that these four components are able to support and become an alternative counselor strategy in facing obstacles in the digital era. So it is hoped that this strategy will be able to improve and maintain the quality of quality that is classified.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang strategi supervisi layanan bimbingan dan konseling berbasis integrated instructional strategy. Yakni strategi supervise layanan BK yang terdiri dari rangkaian yang ditentukan oleh setiap komponen, yang membantu memastikannya tertanam dalam desain dan instruksi. Strategi ini juga dapat menjadi alternatif bagi guru BK untuk meningkatkan profesionalitasnya dalam menghadapi tantangan di era digital saat ini. Strategi ini terdiri dari empat komponen utama yakni Real World Connection, Critical Thinking, Public Service, Autonomy. Keempat komponen tersebut merupakan komponen utama yang perlu diimplementasikan dalam langkah-langkah serta strategi supervisi layanan BK berbasis integrated instructional strategy, sehingga keempat komponen tersebut mampu mendukung sekaligus menjadi alternatif strategi konselor dalam menghadapi tangtangan di era digital. Sehingga diharapkan dari adanya strategi ini mampu meningkatkan serta menjaga mutu kualitas yang dimiliki guru BK, sehingga terwujudnya peserta didik berprestasi di sekolah, serta tercapainya kebutuhan peserta didik khususnya di era digital.
A Compassionate Correspondence: On the Humane Killing of Street Dogs in Istanbul
Authors: Yıldırım Mine
Published: January 2023

In lieu of an abstract: Located in the Istanbul Research Institute Library archives, this original autographed document is a typewritten letter from Nazım Kıbrızlı, the president of the Turkish Society for the Protection of Animals (Türkiye Hayvanları Koruma Cemiyeti) throughout the 1940s.1 It is a reader’s letter directly addressed to Fikret Adil (1901–1973), a prominent figure in Istanbul’s cultural milieu from the early republican period onward.
Symptomatic Images/Contagious Images: The Ambivalence of Visual Narratives of Eating Disorders
Authors: Nicastro Clio
Published: January 2023

The connection between images and anorexia, orthorexia, bulimia, binge eating, and other forms of food consumption deemed ‘disordered’ is controversial and often over-simplified. Frequently it is reduced to the idea that glamorous images, particularly the heroin chic style of the 1990s, create a dangerous imaginary that young women - statistically the main target of eating disorders - emulate. This article wants to challenge this issue by exploring three aspects of the intricate relationship between eating disorders and images: 1) The fear of contagion that haunts images exposing bodies that suffer by eating disorders; 2) As a time-based medium, film offers a privileged set of perceptive tools to account for the ways eating disorders interfere with time – as perceived, lived, shared; 3) One more aspect that is relevant to observe since it predominately occupies the current debate is the question of the right way to represent certain medical conditions and their experience. The reasons at the core of this debate are extremely vital and prove how photos and moving images have tragically contributed to building and constructing gender and racial bias as well as the stigmatization of certain diseases. Though when speaking of misrepresentation there is the risk of embracing a deceptive idea of good mimesis at the cost of the ambivalence that the experience of certain conditions inherently carry and which should not disappear in the fictional dimension.
La metafora considerata nei suoi molteplici usi
Authors: Contesi Filippo
Published: January 2023

Metaphor has often been seen as tightly associated with both aesthetics and cognition, as well as with other aesthetic and cognitive phenomena such as imagination, symbol, allegory, analogy and simile. This article offers a theory of metaphor that accounts for such aesthetic and cognitive associations. The theory is based on a suitably interpreted version of a tool originally developed in an epistemic context, viz. Floridi and Sanders’ method of abstraction.
«Esistere così come dipingere». Deleuze con Burri
Authors: Tenti Gregorio
Published: January 2023

The article aims to establish a theoretical dialogue between the work of Alberto Burri, one of the most influential Italian artists of the 20th century, and the late aesthetics of Gilles Deleuze. By drawing on the concept of image outlined by Deleuze in The Exhausted (1992), Burri’s art is conceptualized as the unfolding of a dimension of pure sense that singularizes forms rather than identifying bodies and signs. This ontological “purity” comes from a deep engagement with matter, considered as a plurality of material potencies. In conclusion, the article proposes an original understanding of image as a pre-symbolic zone of ontological collapse.
Toward a Pragmatist Account of Human Practices
Authors: Colapietro Vincent
Published: January 2023

This paper focuses on a curious lacuna in the pragmatist tradition. In the writings of the classical American pragmatists (Peirce, James, Dewey, Mead, and Lewis) very little attention is given to articulating a conception of practices and, more broadly, of pragmata. The author offers a sketch of what he takes to be a pragmatist account of human practices. He stresses how for the pragmatists themselves theory is a practice or, more precisely, an extended family of evolving practices complexly related to other practices. Moreover, he takes such an account of practices to be fundamentally at odds with various attempts to provide a transcendental justification for any human practice. He draws upon a brief yet suggestive discussion in William James's Pragmatism of language, law, and truth and develops the implications of James's treatment of these topics. In the course of doing so, he proposes how a classic work (such as a philosophical text or musical composition) can be understood from a strictly historicist perspective. He concludes with a reflection on the extent to which creative intelligence has been conscripted by the bellicose agenda of national or imperialistic regimes, yet holds out the hope of creative intelligence freeing itself to some extent from the war machine of nation states.
INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF GENOTYPES AND ORGANIC MANURES ON PHENOTYPIC ATTRIBUTES OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIENTINUM L.)
Authors: MUNAWAR I , ABIDEEN ZU , RAUF A , ULLAH N , ZIA MAB , Ul-ALLAH S
Published: January 2023

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) belongs to the legume family, one of the most important pulse crops due to its high nutritional values compared to other pulses. Chickpea production is very low in Pakistan compared to other countries because of low soil fertility. Organic manure like farmyard manure and poultry manure have good water and nutrient holding capacity, which nourish the plants. To this end, an experiment was conducted at BZU Bahadur Sub-campus Layyah, Pakistan, to investigate farmyard manure's and poultry manure's effects on chickpea. Data were collected for the number of buds and pods, plant height, biological yield, economical yield, and 100-grain weight. Results showed that farmyard manure significantly increased all chickpea varieties' measured traits compared to both control and poultry manure treatments. The variety Parbat produced the highest economical yield under farmyard manure fertilization compared to all other varieties and treatments. Correlation analysis revealed that all the measured traits were strongly positively correlated with economical yield, and path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield and numbers of the pod have a highest positive direct effect on economical yield, which showed that manures enhance the yield-related traits, which increased the economical yield in chickpea. The present study revealed that applying farm yard manure and poultry manure is essential for better seed production of chickpea.
Análisis de membranas poliméricas compuestas por Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica
Authors: Terrazas Bandala Luisa Piroshka , González Sánchez Guillermo , Nevárez Moorillón Guadalupe Virgina , Ballinas-Casarrubias María de Lourdes
Published: January 2023

Entre los métodos más novedosos para la caracterización superficial de materiales sólidos se encuentra el microscopio de fuerza atómica, el cual permite obtener datos de rugosidad, porosidad y formación de nódulos en superficie. En el presente trabajo se prepararon membranas de triacetato de celulosa y nanopartículas de carbón activado por medio de evaporación de solvente en diferentes condiciones fisicoquímicas. Se utilizó el microscopio de fuerza atómica en su modalidad de “tapping” para la obtención de imágenes de altura y fase de la superficie de las membranas con el fin de estudiar la nanodispersión de las partículas en la matriz polimérica. En general las membranas más homogéneas se obtuvieron a bajas temperaturas (35 °C) y mayor humedad (70 % HR).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v1i2.46
A Study of a Support Vector Machine Algorithm with an Orthogonal Legendre Kernel According to Neutrosophic logic and Inverse Lagrangian Interpolation
Authors:   Philipps University Marburg, MSc in Data Science, Germany, Alshikho Mohammed ,   Faculty member, Damascus University, Faculty of Science, Syria,   Laboratory of Information Processing, Faculty of Science Ben M’Sik, University Hassan II, B.P 7955, Morocco, .. Maissam , Broumi Said
Published: January 2023

The decision-making process is greatly affected by the data collection stage. If the data collection process is not well controlled, i.e. there is some data lost due to the poor quality of the devices used or the lack of accuracy in the data entry process...etc., this will affect the work of the SVM algorithm, which is considered one of the best. Most of the workbooks suffer from the problems of missing and anomalous data. In this paper, we propose a method to treat the missing and anomalous data by reshaping the data set defined by the classical method into the neutrosophical data set by calculating the amount of true T, false F, and neutrality I in the neutrosophical set using inverse Lagrangian interpolation. We noticed the superiority of our proposed method for processing missing data over the method of [21], then we trained a support vector machine algorithm with orthogonal legender kernel on a breast cancer dataset taken from the Statistics Department of Al-Bayrouni Hospital in Damascus, where the proposed algorithm achieved a classification accuracy of 97%. The reason we chose a support vector machine classifier with an orthogonal legender kernel has two goals: the first is to eliminate the repetition of support vectors in the feature space. The second is to solve the problem of non-linear data distribution.
Effects of Road Infrastructure on Economic Growth in CEMAC Member Countries
Authors: ETSIBA Sylvaniste
Published: January 2023

The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of road infrastructure on economic growth in the CEMAC zone. To do so, a two-step approach has been adopted. The first step consists in tracing the theoretical and empirical developments on the issue. The second is an empirical analysis that highlights the link between road infrastructure and economic growth by estimating the DOLS model. The data used are from the World Bank's WDI database. The results show that road infrastructure has a positive and statistically significant contribution to economic growth in the CEMAC countries. These results have led to some economic policy implications.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Yaklaşımının Öğretimsel Denetim İlkelerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BOZKAYA Hasan , EFE Aydın
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmayla; Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programında Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Yaklaşımının (SBÖPÖDY) Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Teftiş Kurulu Yönetmeliğinde (MEBTKY) yer alan öğretimsel rehberlik ve denetim ilkeleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında kullanılmış olan “Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı’nda” (SBÖP) yer alan ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımı, 2017 yılında ve 30160 sayılı Resmî Gazete ile yayımlanan MEBTKY’de yer alan ve öğretimsel rehberlik ve denetim ilkeleri açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışma nitel bir araştırma yaklaşımı olan durum çalışması ile desenlenmiştir. Nitel veri toplama tekniği olan doküman incelemesiyle toplanan verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. SBÖPÖDY, belirlenen kriterlere göre incelenmiş ve MEBTKY’de öğretimsel denetim ile ilgili; “bireysel ve kurumsal farklılıklar ile çevresel faktörleri dikkate almalıdır”, “açık, şeffaf, eşit, demokratik, bütüncül, güvenilir ve tarafsız olmalıdır”, “işbirliğini ve katılımı esas almalıdır”, “başarıyı ön plana çıkarmalı, teşvik etmeli ve ödüllendirmelidir”, “bilimsel ve objektif esaslara dayalı olmalıdır” denetim ilkeleri tablolaştırılarak sunulmuştur.
Konservatuvar Eğitimi Alan Öğrencilerin Problemli İnternet Kullanımları ile Akademik Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: MOHAN KÖMÜRCÜ Hacer
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı konservatuvar öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanımları ile akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 öğretim yılında Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı’nda öğrenim görmekte olan 130 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında Ceyhan ve diğerleri (2007) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan “Problemli İnternet Kullanımı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek 33 maddeden oluşmakta olup internetin olumsuz sonuçları, sosyal fayda/sosyal rahatlık ve aşırı kullanım olmak üzere 3 alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Ceyhan ve diğerleri (2007) tarafından ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı (α) 0.94, madde toplam puan güvenirlik katsayıları ise 0.31 ile 0.70 arasında (p<.001) bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan form aracılığı ile toplanırken, akademik başarı puanları resmi yazışmalar ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS21 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde normallik dağılımı göz önünde bulundurularak t-testi, ANOVA, Tukey, korelasyon ve regresyon analizi testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda problemli internet kullanımına ilişkin “sosyal fayda/sosyal rahatlık”, “aşırı kullanım” ve “internetin olumsuz sonuçları” alt boyutlarının konservatuvar öğrencilerinin akademik başarılarının yordayıcısı olduğu ve akademik başarılarının %74.2’sini açıklayabildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca cinsiyet, sınıf ve yaş değişkenlerinin problemli internet kullanımı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunduğu, branş değişkeninin ise anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı görülmüştür.
Savaş Suçları Bağlamında Otonom Silahlarda Hesap Verilebilirlik Sorunsalı
Authors: ERYAVUZ Feriha Beyza
Published: January 2023

Günümüzde insanların savaşlarda kullandığı silahlara ilişkin teknolojik gelişmelerin hukuki düzenlemeler çerçevesinde meydana getirdiği belirsizlikler artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bütün bu gelişmelerden yola çıkarak otonom araçların faaliyetlerinden dolayı doğabilecek sorumluluk rejimine ilişkin tartışmalar, savaş suçları bağlamında ve iki ayrı sorumluluk rejimi kapsamında ele alınacaktır. Bu çalışma kapsamında tam otonom araçlarının bizatihi sorumluluğundan ziyade onların faaliyetlerinden doğan muhtemel ihlallerden kimlerin sorumlu olabileceği tartışılacaktır. Devletlerin iç düzenlemeleri kapsamında sorumlu olabilecek kişiler farklılık gösterebilir ancak uluslararası hukuk bünyesinde sorumluluk belli şekillerde doğabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda devlet sorumluluğu ve bireysel cezai sorumluluk kendine özgü rejimlere tabidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası hukukun devlet sorumluluğuna ve bireysel cezai sorumluluğa ilişkin hükümlerini silahlı çatışmalar sırasında otonom araçlar tarafından işlenen ihlaller bağlamında tartışmaktır.
Mobil Oyunların Fikri Mülkiyet Hukukunda Korunması
Authors: ÇELİK Emin
Published: January 2023

1990’lı yılların başında cep telefonlarının ve bu telefonlarda oynanmak üzere geliştirilen mobil oyunların üretilmesiyle beraber mobil oyun çağı başlamıştır. Daha sonra akıllı telefonların geliştirilmesiyle beraber sektör ciddi bir değişim yaşamıştır. Mobil oyun pazarının ekonomik olarak da çok büyük bir pazar hâline gelmesi, doğal olarak, çeşitli hukuki uyuşmazlıkları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Hukuk düzeninin görece yeni karşılaştığı bir kavram olması hasebiyle mobil oyunlara ilişkin hukuki korumanın ne şekilde ve hangi kapsamda yapılabileceğine dair bir belirsizlik bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca mobil oyunların fikri mülkiyet hukukunun pek çok alanını ilgilendirmesi de meseleyi daha da karmaşık bir hâle getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada mobil oyun kavramı incelenecek, daha sonra fikri mülkiyet hukuku çerçevesinde korumanın hangi kapsamda yapılacağı tartışılacaktır.
Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Kurulu Hakkında Bazı Düşünceler
Authors: ERDOĞAN Ersin , YEŞİLDAL Selin
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Kurulunun yargılama yetkisine ilişkin dört husus 5894 sayılı “Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Kuruluş ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun”, Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Statüsü ve Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Kurulu Talimatı kapsamında tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Kurulunun hukuki niteliği ve yargılama yetkisi belirlenmiş ve bu kapsamda kurulun yargılama sürecinde uygulayacağı usul kuralları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci olarak Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Kurulunun çözümlemekle münhasıran yetkili kılındığı uyuşmazlıklar hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve kurulun münhasır yetkisinin kaynağı tartışılmıştır. Üçüncü olarak, Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Kurulunun futbolla ilgili sözleşmelerden kaynaklanan yabancı unsurlu uyuşmazlıklarda taraflarca hakem heyeti olarak yetkilendirilip yetkilendirilemeyeceği meselesine değinilmiştir. Son bölümde ise Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Kurulunun ihtiyari tahkim kurulu sıfatıyla verdiği kararlara karşı tarafların doğrudan iptal davası açıp açamayacakları hususu tartışılmıştır.
Issue Knots According to Power and Connection Theory in the Kurdish Language
Authors: Karim Abdalrahim Othman , Omer Qadir Abubakir
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to shed light on the question words in the Kurdish language according to the G.B theory, which consists of two sections, conclusions and a list of references. The first section is devoted to the theoretical background and other studies which are relevant to question words in the Kurdish language. In the second section, the transformations are divided into two types, optional transformation and obligatory transformation. In both situations, scientific and approval examples are given, which indicates that obligatory transformation exists in the Kurdish language as in the English language with some differences. The most important finding in this study is that .obligatory )syntactic( transformation applies to the Kurdish language.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN SEBELUM DAN SELAMA PANDEMIC COVID-19 PADA PT WILMAR CAHAYA INDONESIA
Authors: Arif Novyan Muhammad , Prativi Agustina
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on comparing the financial performance of PT Wilmar Cahaya Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 virus pandemic using profitability ratio analysis. The profitability ratio is an industry indicator to manifest profit based on its sales, assets, and liabilities. There are several types of ratios, namely Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return On Equity, and Return On Assets. This type of research data uses quantitative data centered on the Financial Statements of PT Wilmar Cahaya Indonesia from 2018 to 2021. The data source of this research uses secondary data and the method of retrieval is using library research techniques. The results of the ratio analysis carried out in this study prove that relevant changes were found in the condition of financial performance before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.
PENGARUH TAKARAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM DAN PUPUK KALIUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata L.) VARIETAS TALENTA
Authors: Yudi Yusdian, Joko Santoso dan Elsa Gita Rudiana
Published: January 2023

This research aimed to figure out the interaction between chicken manure dosage and potassium fertilizer towards the growth and crop yields of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L) Varieties of Talenta and to obtain the right dosage of chicken manure and potassium fertilizer that could give the best impact towards the growth and crop yields of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L) Varieties of Talenta. This research had been started from March to June 2021, in Ciheulang Village, RT 02 RW 06, Ciparay District, Bandung Regency, Province of West Java, by height ±750 meters above the sea level. This research used factorial pattern Randomized Block Design method with 3 times repeat. Factor I: the dosage of chicken manure (a1 = 5 ton/ha, a2 = 10 ton/ha, a3 = 15 ton/ha). Factor II: the dosage of potassium fertilizer (k1 = 100 kg/ha, k2 = 150 kg/ha, k3 = 200 kg/ha). The result findings showed that occured interaction between the dosage of chicken manure and the dosage of potassium fertilizer towards the plant’s height at the age of 35 days after planting, it was showed by the combination of a3k3 treatment (15 ton/ha of dosage of chicken manure and 200 kg/ha of dosage of potassium fertilizer). The giving of chicken manure with dosage 15 ton/ha gave better impact towards the height of plants and cob weights without cornhusk per plot. The giving of potassium fertilizer with dosage 150 kg/ha gave better impact cob weights without cornhusk per plot. While the dosage of 200 kgs/ha of potassium fertilizer gave impact towards the height of plant.
Is Oxygen Supplementation Necessary for Patients under Spinal Anaesthesia? - A Prospective Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Mutukwa T , Gonah Latson
Published: January 2023

Background: Oxygen supplementation is given routinely to patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia, the basic aim being to prevent oxygen desaturation and hypoxemia.

 

Objective: This study aimed to find out the incidence of hypoxemia under spinal anaesthesia and determine if oxygen supplementation is necessary for patients under spinal anaesthesia.

Materials and methods: This was a prospective non-randomised study, conducted at a central hospital in Zimbabwe: Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, Harare. Fifty- nine (59) consenting patients, both sexes, ASA I‐IV undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia with standard doses of heavy bupivacaine and fentanyl were recruited. Oxygen saturation was measured before the spinal anaesthetic and continuously after the spinal anaesthetic up to the recovery room, until discharge to the ward using a Datex Ohmeda pulse oximeter. Rescue oxygen supplementation was given to patients that became hypoxemic (SPO2< 90% for >30 seconds with a normal wave form on plethysmogragh).

Results: The incidence of intra operative hypoxemia under spinal anaesthesia in this study was 1.69%, and there was a relationship between height of block and saturation change.

Conclusion: From the study, it is concluded that it is not necessary to routinely supplement oxygen to patients under spinal anaesthesia.
The Histological Appearances of the Adult Kidney in HIV Infection at Autopsy at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka
Authors: Mucheleng'anga Adam Luchen
Published: January 2023

Background: Kidney disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is very common.  The cause of the various histological appearances include HIV infection of the kidney, immunologic responses to the virus, opportunistic infections, neoplasms and consequences of anti-retroviral therapy that characterize the acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). There are no autopsy studies conducted in HIV-infected cases in sub-Saharan Africa on the histological lesions of the kidney.

Objective: To describe kidney histological appearances in HIV infection using autopsy material at the UTH, Lusaka.

Methods: A descriptive study of 200 paraffin blocked kidney autopsy tissue samples collected between 2010 and 2012 in the Zambia Neuro-AIDS study (Subtype C Neuro-AIDS and pathogenesis in Zambia) was conducted at the University Teaching hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. The study aimed at describing the histological appearances of the adult kidney in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. The study population consisted of all HIV infected cases above the age of 16years that had been on anti-retroviral therapy and those that were not commenced. The 

decedents were unselected for the presence of overt kidney disease. Paraffin blocked kidney tissue samples were processed according to standard histopathology laboratory protocols at the University Teaching Hospital and examined at light microscopic level.

Results: Two hundred (200) cases were examined of which 128 cases were male and 72 were female. One hundred and sixty nine cases (84.5%) revealed renal lesions. The renal histopathological lesions included; tubulointerstitial 65%, glomerular 59%, vascular 2%, and 19.5 % of cases revealed renal tuberculosis. Fungal, viral infections and malignancies were not identified.

Conclusion: The investigation has shown that renal lesions are highly prevalent (84.5%) among HIV infected cases at the University Teaching Hospital.
Factors associated with delayed Antenatal Care attendance in Malawi: Results from a Qualitative study
Authors: Taylor Manda L , Sealy D A , Roberts J
Published: January 2023

Background: Antenatal care has been identified as pivotal to improving maternal and child health in Malawi. Though Malawian women consistently seek antenatal care, they rarely do so during their first trimester. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to antenatal care uptake among Malawian women. This article adds to the literature by identifying common sociocultural barriers and their impact on ANC attendance.

Methods: Two large tertiary care hospitals in the central and southern regions of Malawi were selected as study sites. Twenty pregnant mothers and eight health workers were recruited and interviewed. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed to identify themes. Posters in health facilities were also analyzed.

Results: Results revealed many contributors to delayed antenatal attendance among Malawian mothers including: attitudes toward pregnancy, hospital inefficiencies, ANC promotion at the health facilities/communities, and spousal/significant other involvement all contributed to delayed antenatal attendance among urban Malawian women.  

Conclusions: Incorporating spouses/significant others in antenatal care activities, providing a consistent message in promotion materials used with the women and addressing the inefficiencies within the health system could be targets to improve early antenatal attendance in Malawi.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Vitamin-D Receptor in Oral and Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma of a Black African Subpopulation
Authors: Adisa A O , Udeabor S E , Ogun G O , Orlowska A , Ghanaati Shahram
Published: January 2023

Objective: The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) is involved in multiple pathways that have a role to play in the biology of cancer. Recent evidence indicates that the active form of vitamin D (1alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) (VD) exhibits several anti-growth effects. Thus it is useful as an anti-neoplastic agent in several human malignancies. We aim to analyze the expression of VDR in skin and oral squamous cell carcinomas (skin SCC and OSCC) from a black African sub-population to determine potential for active VD therapy in such patients.

Design: Nineteen formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) blocks of OSCC and 15 Skin SCC FFPE were prepared for Abcam Rabbit polyclonal Anti-Vitamin D Receptor antibody ChIP Grade (ab3508). Nuclear brown staining was considered as positive for VDR. The Sinicrope scoring method was used to evaluate the stained epithelial cells. All slides were viewed with a Nikon ECLIPSE 80i microscope and microphotographs recorded.

Results: Among 15 moderately differentiated OSCC 7 (46.7%) showed moderate to strong positivity for VDR, while 8 were weak or negative for VDR. Among 10 well-differentiated SCC of the skin, 8 (80%) cases showed moderate to strong VDR positivity, while 2 cases showed weak expression. Overall, approximately the same number of OSCC (9 cases) and Skin SCC (10 cases) expressed moderate to strong positivity for VDR.

Conclusion: In our study, we noted that the OSCC and skin SCC have similar number of cases expressing moderate to strong positive staining for VDR. Thus we suggest that the chemotherapeutic role already established for VD is of relevance in OSCC and skin SCC in black Africans.
Screening of cardiovascular risk factors among workers of a Construction Company in a developing country, Senegal.
Authors: Mohamed Azhar S , Dia S A , Ndoye E O
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in workplace and the global risk among workers of a Construction Company in a developing country.

Methods

It was a retrospective and descriptive survey over two years in a construction company in Dakar, Senegal.

Results

We collected 64 workers with a male predominance. The average age of workers was 44.9 years. Evaluation and analysis of cardiovascular risk reflected four levels: low in 78.12%, moderate in 15.62%, high in 4.69% and very high in 1.57%. Sedentary was strongly associated with moderate or high cardiovascular risk. Metabolic syndrome was strongly associated with moderate or elevated cardiovascular risk.

Conclusion

Our study reveals a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Senegalese workers. It would be important to include a screening program and correct assessment of overall cardiovascular risk in this population.
Medical prescription pitfalls of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in government healthcare facilities in Zambia
Authors: Besa Chola , Siziya S
Published: January 2023

Objectives:  The aim of this evaluation was to identify pitfalls in medical prescriptions of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in government healthcare facilities in Zambia.

Design:  The study was a cross sectional study and healthcare facilities were conveniently sampled.

Main outcome measures: Rate of compliance to Zambia national prescribing guidelines. 

Results:  A total of 42 (75.0%) out of 56 students participated in the survey of whom 66.7% were males. Findings in this study has demonstrated significant drug misuse and over-prescription as participants were healthy individuals. Only 75.6% of prescriptions indicated patient’s name and very small proportions of prescriptions (11.5%)  indicated patients’ address.    In addition, relatively small proportion of prescriptions (68.8%) had generic names and many prescriptions (58.1%) had large blank spaces left.  Furthermore, relatively large proportion of prescriptions were not signed (10.7%) and not dated (12.0%).  Almost half of the prescriptions (47.6%) did not show prescribers’ names and only small proportions of prescriptions had precribers’ identification number (24.%) and address or department (21.5%) indicated. 

Conclusions:  Overall, the evaluation has shown poor prescribing practices and not in compliance with national prescribing guidelines among prescribers in government healthcare facilities in Zambia.
A Comparative study of Depression among fertile and infertile women in southwestern Nigerian city
Authors: Ojo O , Oluwole Oluwole Lateef
Published: January 2023

Background:  Studies have identified a high prevalence of depression among women with infertility; few studies have explored this association in this environment.

Aims and objectives: the study is aimed at evaluating depression in a group of infertile women; compare the prevalence of depression among this group with prevalence among a control group of fertile women, and to identify demographic characteristics associated with depression in infertile women.

Method: One hundred (n=100) infertile women and one hundred and three (n=103) fertile women as controls were recruited for the study. They were assessed with a socio-demographic questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire-30 (GHQ-30) and a clinical interview with depression module of the Structure Clinical Interview Schedule for axis I DSM-IV.

Results: The prevalence of depression among infertile women was 32 percent compared with 10.7 percent among the controls. Among the infertile women that were depressed there was a significant association between depression and belonging to  a polygamous family with more than one co wife, menstrual abnormalities, primary infertility.

Conclusion: The infertile women are vulnerable group to depression and will require psychological support.
SUBDURAL EMPYEMA, A PATIENT CASE REVIEW
Authors: Musa G , Gots A
Published: January 2023

A 14yr old male presented with subdural empyema following a right frontal subaponeurotic abscess. Presented with a Glasgow coma scale of 8/15, left sided hemiplegia and a history of convulsions for 4 days. Other history was unremarkable. CT brain showed diffuse subdural empyema. There was no neurosurgeon on site and the patient declined referral to the nearest centre with neurosurgical services. Hence he was managed on IV chloramphenicol and metronidazole for 4weeks with clinical improvement evidenced by a Glasgow coma scale of 15/15, absence of seizures and an increase in power on the left side to 4/5. A repeat CT brain at 4weeks showed localised right parietal and occipital parafalcine empyema with cerebral oedema. Two craniotomies were done to drain the pus. He was then continued on cefotaxime, metronidazole for 3 more weeks, mannitol and dexamethasone for one week. Primary duraplasty was not done as the patient deteriorated in theatre due to anaesthetist complication. Klebsiella species was cultured sensitive to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Repeat CT scan showed no residue empyema on day 7 post operation. Secondary duraplasty was done on day11 post craniotomy due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage. On day11 he was treated for malaria. The patient recovered well, neurologically intact, without any complications and no cerebrospinal fluid leak. He was discharged on day 10 post duraplasty on oral antibiotics for 4weeks after which cranioplasty was done.
Socio Demographic Determinants of Maternal Health Service Utilization among Women 15 to 49 Years in Zambezi District in Northwestern Zambia
Authors: Chamileke N
Published: January 2023

Maternal mortality recorded in Zambia is one of the highest in the world.According to the 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey1, the mortality ratio was 398/100,000.This ratio is unacceptably high. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of socio-demographic factors on utilization of maternal health care services.

Methods: A cross sectional study of the utilization of maternal health services was carried out among 400 women of child bearing age from 15 to 49 years in Zambezi district in north-west Zambia after having received ethical approval from the Eres Converge research ethics committee. Multistage systematic sampling was done from the 12 clinics’ catchment areas in the district. To estimate the effect of the socio-demographic variables on maternal health service utilization three outcome variables were used, which were; use of antenatal care services, assisted (facility) delivery and postnatal care services. Logistic regression was used to estimate models of the outcome variables.

Results: The results showed that 38.5 percent (154) of the women received antenatal care, 32.3 percent (129) of the women received delivery services while 48.3 percent (193) received postnatal care services. In the logistic regression model, reduced income level was associated with decreased use of antenatal care (OR=0.1, P<0.05). In assisted delivery, increased distance to the health facility was associated with reduced use (OR=0.1, P <0.05). In postnatal care, reduced education level of the respondent was found to be associated to decreased use of postnatal services (OR=0.51, P<0.05). Increased maternal age was associated with increased utilization of maternal health services (OR=2.1, P<0.05). On the other hand, decision making roles by the male spouse alone or both partners was associated with increased use of postnatal services (OR=4.5,P<0.05)

Conclusion: To increase women’s utilization of health care services and improve maternal health in Zambia, some crucial steps should be taken on educating women such as integrating of reproductive health programs in the school curriculum. Attention should be given to scaling up male involvement in order to ensure there is understanding of the importance of maternal health services. There is need to strengthen the linkage of postnatal services to under-five services to improve coverage of postnatal services.
Prevalence of Epistaxis among Patients Receiving Otorhinolaryngology Services at Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Z S , Chugulu S , Liyombo E , Massawe E R
Published: January 2023

Background

Epistaxis is the commonest ear, nose and throat emergency. It’s mostly self-limited but it may be severe such that medical attention is sought and in such cases it may be life threatening. There is paucity of data on the prevalence and management options for epistaxis in Tanzania and at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute (MOI), no any published study has unveiled it despite being the commonly encountered emergency in our department. The aim of this study was thus to determine the prevalence, aetiology and treatment modalities of epistaxis among patients receiving otorhinolaryngology services at MNH and MOI.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional, hospital based study was done to 427 patients at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute (MOI). Data was collected using structured questionnaires from June to December 2015 and it was then analyzed using SPSS program.

Results

A total of 427 patients aged 1-82 years were recruited with majority of the patients being females (54.6%). The mean age at diagnosis was found to be 27±23 years.The prevalence of epistaxis was found to be lower among patients below 20 years (12.5%) of age and higher among patients over the age of 40years (34.9%). Prevalence of epistaxis was found to be higher among males (29.9%) compared to females (18 %).  Majority of patients had anterior epistaxis (73%) whereas the remaining percentage was constituted by those with posterior epistaxis.Posterior epistaxis was more common among patients aged 21-40 years (40.7%) compared to patients aged 0-20 years (20%).  75% of the patients had epistaxis due to local etiologies while 25% was due systemic causes. Majority of patients with epistaxis had history of trauma (25%). Other reported aetiologies were malignancy of nasal and post-nasal space (22%) and hypertension (15%). Anterior nasal packing was the most commonly used method in management of patients with epistaxis compared to conventional posterior nasal packs. Fewer number of patients required surgery as the treatment modality where 3% of the patients undergone electro cauterization and only 1% required external carotid artery ligation.

Conclusion

Epistaxis is quite prevalent at MNH and MOI with males being more affected than females. Trauma resulting from road traffic crashes remain the common etiological factor for epistaxis in our setting is the leading cause of epistaxis among the patients studied. Efforts directed at reduction in the incidence of road traffic crashes will reduce the prevalence of epistaxis in our hospital settings.
Fight Ebola virus disease in Africa
Authors: Diaby A , MOHAMED Azhar Salim , Tall I , Boiro D
Published: January 2023

Repetitive outbreaks of Ebola virus disease is a major public health problem in Africa. Indeed, since September 1976, date of its isolation and its first description in the north of the ex-Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo) and in the south Sudan, many African countries continue to live recurring episodes of epidemics from Ebola virus disease with its corollaries of human suffering, deaths and economic loss. This article, through a review of the literature, a brief overview of the possible environmental origin of these Ebola viruses, before describing how environmental changes may contribute to the emergence or re-emergence of these viruses Ebola in Africa.
Disability and Quality Of Life among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye O A , Adetoye A A , Hamzat T K
Published: January 2023

Background: Improvements in medical and pharmacologic management of HIV/AIDS has led to increased life expectancy for the afflicted individuals. Hence, the focus of management for People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has shifted to issues relating to function and Quality of Life (QoL). Information is scarce on disability issues and quality of life among people living with HIIV/AIDS in Nigeria. This was the premise of this study that assessed the level of disability and how it related to quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, the largest city in Nigeria.

Methods: 360 PLWHA (274 females; 86 males) aged 37.79±9.37 years participated in this study. They were recruited from the anti-retroviral clinics of one secondary and one tertiary healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Disability and QoL were assessed using the 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and the WHOQOL_HIV Bref respectively. Data were analysed using Chi square and Kruskal Wallis test at p = 0.05.

Results: Almost a quarter (23.6%) reported being currently ill, with HIV/AIDS-related symptoms accounting for the highest perceived illness (42.5%). Majority of these participants (71.1%) had mild to extreme disabilities. There were no significant associations (p > 0.05) between disability and each of age, sex and employment status. Disability was however, significantly associated with level of education, alcohol use, CD4 count, history of tuberculosis and QoL (p <0.01).

Conclusion: Disability was relatively high among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria. Although mostly rated mild, disability was associated with poor QoL. This underscores the need for early identification of disability in people living with HIV/AIDS to minimise its impact on their QoL.
Availability of Essential Antihypertensive and Antidiabetic Medicines in Public Health Facilities in Lusaka District, Zambia
Authors: Kalungia Chichonyi A , Mwale M , Sondashi I S , Mweetwa B , Yassa P , Kadimba G
Published: January 2023

Background: The non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in Zambia remains quite high. Providing access to essential medicines for hypertension and diabetes remains a major challenge in low-middle income countries, Zambia is no exception in this regard.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine and describe the availability of essential antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in selected public health facilities in Lusaka district.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken in Lusaka district involving 15 randomly selected public health facilities. Data on availability of five (5) essential antihypertensive medicines and three (3) essential antidiabetic medicines was collected for the period January to June 2016 at each health facility, including the central Medical Stores. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Results:  In the 15 public health facilities surveyed, overall availability of essential antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in public health facilities was 58.2% and 44.7% respectively during the period reviewed. Stock-outs were high for parenteral Frusemide (92%), Hydralazine (83%), Insulin short-acting (83%) and long acting (69%) preparations, respectively. Parenteral Frusemide and Hydralazine were only available in less than 40% of facilities while less than 40% of facilities did not have any Insulin preparations available. About 40% of facilities did not have a medical doctor present, 86.7% did not have a pharmacist and 80% did not have medical licentiates present. Majority of facilities had at least Nurses, Clinical Officers, Pharmacy Technologists and Pharmacy Assistants.

 Conclusion: Availability of essential antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in public health facilities in Lusaka district continues to be a challenge with less than 60% of facilities surveyed experiencing stock-outs over six months. This could be significantly affecting effective management of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the district and requires to be addressed.