bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant‐Centered Diet and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease During Young to Middle Adulthood
Authors: Choi Yuni , Larson Nicole , Steffen Lyn M. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Gallaher Daniel D. , Duprez Daniel A. , Shikany James M. , Rana Jamal S. , Jacobs David R.
Published: August 2021

Background

The association between diets that focus on plant foods and restrict animal products and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is inconclusive. We investigated whether cumulative intake of a plant‐centered diet and shifting toward such a diet are associated with incident CVD.

Methods and Results

Participants were 4946 adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) prospective study. They were initially 18 to 30 years old and free of CVD (1985–1986, exam year [year 0]) and followed until 2018. Diet was assessed by an interviewer‐administered, validated diet history. Plant‐centered diet quality was assessed using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS), in which higher scores indicate higher consumption of nutritionally rich plant foods and limited consumption of high‐fat meat products and less healthy plant foods. Proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios of CVD associated with both time‐varying average APDQS and a 13‐year change in APDQS score (difference between the year 7 and year 20 assessments). During the 32‐year follow‐up, 289 incident CVD cases were identified. Both long‐term consumption and a change toward such a diet were associated with a lower risk of CVD. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.28–0.81) when comparing the highest quintile of the time‐varying average ADPQS with lowest quintiles. The 13‐year change in APDQS was associated with a lower subsequent risk of CVD, with a hazard ratio of 0.39 (95% CI, 0.19–0.81) comparing the extreme quintiles. Similarly, strong inverse associations were found for coronary heart disease and hypertension‐related CVD with either the time‐varying average or change APDQS.

Conclusions

Consumption of a plant‐centered, high‐quality diet starting in young adulthood is associated with a lower risk of CVD by middle age.
Al-Bunduqānī calife, voleur et justicier : étude et projet d’édition d’un conte des Mille et une nuits à partir de manuscrits arabes et européens des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Authors: Chraïbi Aboubakr
Published: August 2021

Après une description de la tradition textuelle qui a conduit à la publication par Chavis et Cazotte dans leur Suite des Mille et une nuits, en 1788-1789, de l’histoire d’al-Bunduqānī, celle-ci est étudiée comme une pièce littéraire qui mêle des motifs anciens et nouveaux, et, plus particulièrement, qui introduit, pour la première fois, dans un contexte de pauvreté et de corruption généralisées, la figure du justicier moderne, armé et solitaire. Le calife Hārūn al-Rašīd assume ici ce rôle mais aussi celui de voleur, jetant le doute sur sa propre police et sa justice. Les manuscrits d’al-Bunduqānī, dont certains ont été retravaillés par Chavis, Sabbagh et Varsy, sont ensuite classés en deux familles et un projet de leur édition est proposé : une édition critique au format standard comparable à celle réalisée par Muhsin Mahdi ; une édition « fluide », suivant la théorie de John Bryant, sous forme de tableaux permettant de visualiser les transformations opérées en Europe, sur un texte arabe, afin de mieux l’intégrer aux Nuits et créer de nouvelles sources.
Wood Identification of Ancient Temple Structures in Ladakh, Located in the Western Himalayas
Authors: Mertz Mechtild
Published: August 2021

Microscopic wood identifications were performed on five Buddhist temple structures, three vernacular houses, two stupas, and two holy trees located in Ladakh, a region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in the Western Himalayas. Leh is Ladakh’s capital and is located along the Indus River, the backbone of Ladakh. The vernacular buildings, stupa, and holy trees are located in Leh. Ladakh is a high-altitude desert with extremely scarce vegetation. Natural vegetation occurs mostly along the watercourses. The temples are located in villages along the upper Indus river valley, or along confluent rivers. From the 110 wood samples, 4 wood species were identified: poplar, willow, juniper, and pine. Building type, local availability, specific physical and mechanical properties of the wood species, and religious considerations were apparently the leading criteria for timber selection.
Taxonomic studies of Araceae in Myanmar II: Typhonium edule, a remarkable new aroid species from Monywa District, Sagaing Region
Authors: NAIVE MARK ARCEBAL K. , HEIN KHANT ZAW
Published: August 2021

Recent fieldwork in Monywa District, Sagaing Region, Myanmar resulted in the discovery of a species new to science, Typhonium edule, which is herein described and illustrated. It superficially resembles T. lineare but differs in having wider spathe diameter, spathe limb 3–4 times longer than the tube, downwardly curved sickled-shaped staminodes and strongly stipitate appendix. Detailed description, colour plates, distribution map, phenology and ecology of this new Typhonium species are provided below.
A new species, key and further redefinition of Nesolinoceras Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae)
Authors: SUPELETO FERNANDA A. , AGUIAR ALEXANDRE P. , SANTOS BERNARDO F.
Published: August 2021

A new species of Nesolinoceras Ashmead from the Dominican Republic is described and illustrated. A key to the species and a revised and expanded distribution map is presented. This is the third species recognized for the genus, and the first one confirmed to occur in high altitude (1100 m). When compared with the previously known species, a number of unique and shared features emerged, supporting a redefinition of the genus beyond that of Santos (2016): (1) the known inter-specific variability of 48% of the examined characters increased considerably, confirming their diagnostic value at the species-level, and (2) the stability of six features support them as additionally diagnostic for the genus: 22–23 flagellomeres; mesoscutum subcircular, as long as wide; scuto-scutellar carina absent, axillary trough shallow, indistinct on scutellum; subalar ridge wide, somewhat ovoid, not keeled; crossvein 1cu-a arising basad of vein 1M+Cu by about 0.3 its length; and vein 2-M only slightly longer than vein 3-M. Furthermore, two important measurements for the diagnosis of Nesolinoceras now have new, expanded ranges: areolet 1.8–2.6 as long as pterostigma width, and areolet 0.7–1.0 as long as wide. The new taxon is readily recognizable by having the body mostly brown, fully infuscated wings, and the longest ovipositor of the species, among other diagnostic features. A new geographic record and in situ photo are also provided for N. laluzbrillante Santos.
Detection of Low Lithium Concentrations Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in High-Pressure and High-Flow Conditions
Authors: Raimundo Ivo M. , Michael Angel S. , Colón Arelis M.
Published: August 2021

This paper describes the effects of laser pulse rate and solution flow rate on the determination of lithium at high pressure for water and 2.5% sodium chloride solutions using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Preliminary studies were performed with 0–40 mg L−1 Li solutions, at ambient pressure and at 210 bar, and in static and flowing (6 mL · min−1) regimes, for a combination of four different measurement conditions. The sensitivity of calibration curves depended on the pressure and the flow rate, as well as the laser pulse rate. The sensitivity of the calibration curve increased about 10% and 18% when the pressure was changed from 1 to 210 bar for static and flowing conditions, respectively. However, an effect of flow rate at high pressure for both 2 and 10 Hz laser pulse rates was observed. At ambient pressure, the effect of flow rate was negligible, as the sensitivity of the calibration curve decreased around 2%, while at high pressure the sensitivity increased around 4% when measurements were performed in a flow regime. Therefore, it seems there is a synergistic effect between pressure and flow rate, as the sensitivity increases significantly when both changes are considered. When the pulse rate is changed from 2 to 10 Hz, the sensitivity increases 26–31%, depending on the pressure and flow conditions. For lithium detection limit studies, performed with a laser pulse energy of 2.5 mJ, repetition rate of 10 Hz, gate delay of 500 ns, gate width of 1000 ns, and 1000 accumulations, a value around 40 µg L−1 was achieved for Li solutions in pure water for all four measurement conditions, while a detection limit of about 92 µg L−1 was determined for Li in 2.5% sodium chloride solutions, when high pressure and flowing conditions were employed. The results obtained in the present work demonstrate that LIBS is a powerful tool for the determination of Li in deep ocean conditions such as those found around hydrothermal vent systems.
Embracing to Creating Curriculum: Levels of Engagement Among Student Teachers
Authors: Fife-Demski Veronica Marie
Published: August 2021

This qualitative study explored the experiences, and specifically the challenges, of white elementary student teachers in an urban setting. One of the most interesting findings from this study involved the varied levels of engagement with the school curriculum. Although every Urban Student Teacher (UST) embraced the curriculum, data showed multiple levels of involvement defined as critiquing, tinkering, and creating. While challenging, USTs who created units of study found ownership of the curriculum satisfying. The aim, then, is for teacher educators to encourage student teachers to embrace challenges that come with teaching and view them as a way to learn.
A Phenomenological Analysis of Experiences and Practices of Nurses Providing Palliative and End of Life Care
Authors: Uzelli Yilmaz Derya , Yilmaz Dilek , Duzgun Gonul , Akin Esra
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to describe the experiences and practices of nurses providing palliative and end of life care. The study was conducted in the palliative care unit of a territory hospital in Turkey. The sample consisted of 11 nurses who had been working as palliative care nurses for at least one year. The face to face interview method was used to collect data, with a semi-structured in-depth individual interview. 5 main themes and 24 sub-themes were emerged in relation to the experiences and practices of the nurses. The majority of participant nurses pointed that inadequacy in the number of nurses, secondary nursing care activities, refusal of treatment, cultural and ethical problems were barriers in the provision of nursing care. They frequently experienced ethical issues when caring for end of life patients, and for this reason they felt the need for ethics counselling which they could consult.
Sexual Division in Parenting: A Normative Context That Hinders Co-Responsibility
Authors: García-de-Diego José María , García-Faroldi Livia
Published: August 2021

Recent decades have seen an increase in women’s employment rates and an expansion of egalitarian values. Previous studies document the so-called “motherhood penalty,” which makes women’s employment more difficult. Demands for greater shared child-rearing between parents are hindered by a normative climate that supports differentiated gender roles in the family. Using data from the Center for Sociological Research [Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas] (2018), this study shows that the Spanish population perceives that differentiated social images of motherhood and fatherhood still persist. The “sexual division in parenting” index is proposed and the profile of the individuals who most perceive this sexual division is analyzed. The results show that women and younger people are the most aware of this social normativity that unequally distributes child care, making co-responsibility difficult. The political implications of these results are discussed.
Fostering Cultural Responsiveness in an Urban High School: A Case Study
Authors: Scribner Jay Paredes , Weingand Donna H. , Sanzo Karen Leigh
Published: August 2021

Scholars and practitioners have increasingly recognized the role of culturally responsive school leadership (CRSL). However, few studies have applied recent comprehensive CRSL theoretical frameworks. This in-depth case study explores how a school leader understands and shapes a school culture to be increasingly culturally responsive to students. Utilizing recent conceptualizations of CRSL as a lens, two major findings were developed. First, the principal’s understanding of what it means to be a culturally responsive leader is centered on the student experience: meeting basic needs, seeking “vertical” engagement, and transforming student world views. Second, to meet those student needs the principal practiced differentiated instructional leadership according to individual teacher needs and oriented to fostering a culturally responsive school culture. We suggest future research carefully examine (1) the interplay of beliefs, dispositions, and values in CRSL play, and (2) how CRSL (where it exists) manifests as an organizational.
The Impact of Place of Origin on International and Domestic Graduates’ Mobility in China
Authors: Zhai Keyu , Moskal Marta
Published: August 2021

This article addresses the cumulative effect of graduate migration and opportunities for career development. Using data from an online survey of 756 master’s-level graduates educated in China and the UK, it examines their geographical mobility patterns and reveals significant differences between Chinese students who graduated from domestic universities and those who were educated abroad. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that international returnees, who usually had more privileged family backgrounds, clustered in China’s highly developed core cities of the Bohai Economic Rim and Yangtze River Delta regions, such as Beijing and Shanghai, while domestic graduates tended to work and live in less affluent medium-sized cities around these regions. Women international graduates were more mobile than their men counterparts. Our results provide new evidence that draws attention to migration’s role in graduate career development opportunities and highlights inherent economic discrimination within China, which is perpetuated by the national residency permit system — Hukou. The case of Chinese graduates shows that the mobility patterns of international and domestic graduates are influenced by and contribute to growing regional inequalities for career development in China.
Weight Status and Depression in Italy: Evidence from the Second Wave of the European Health Interview Survey
Authors: Barone Adriana , Barra Cristian
Published: August 2021

This study tests the association between weight status and depression in Italy using the Second Wave of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS2) microdata, which also provide information on weight/height and eight depressive symptoms. Using a probit regression, the empirical results show a strong positive association between weight status, proxied by body mass index, and sleep troubles and eating disorders, with females suffering more than males. In addition, low interest is negatively associated with medium and high sources of income, while depressive mood and sense of failure are negatively associated with employment status. Individuals in midlife (45–54 years old) suffer from all depressive symptoms more than those in other age classes, with females suffering more than males, with the exception of low interest and depressive mood. Furthermore, individuals with a higher level of education have a lower likelihood of suffering from all depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing obesity rates could also reduce new and emerging types of depressive symptoms correlated with overweight/obesity, such as sleep troubles and eating disturbances.

JEL: J24, I12, I1, C25
Amateurs’ Exploration of Wine: A Pragmatic Study of Taste
Authors: Teil Geneviève
Published: August 2021

Amateurs are neither regular consumers nor professionals. What makes them distinctive? To answer that question, this ethnographic study focuses on wine amateurs who show a distinctive feature compared to regular consumers: for them, wine is not a straightforward reality but a world to explore. Wine exploration drives an evolution that transforms both wine and amateurs’ disposition towards it. Amateurs usually start with the discovery of the wines and their tastes, which may turn into an ability to attune to and finally produce taste and good quality. Amateurs’ passion, initially fuelled by the discovery of unknown tastes, is then informed by the renewal of the taste experience itself. Following amateurs in their exploratory activity allows us to extend the analysis beyond scholars’ usual focus on one of its particularly normative stages, and to propose a renewed account of the amateur that is quite remote from the standard image of the ‘cultural prescriber’.
Comparative effectiveness study of low versus high-intensity aerobic training with resistance training in community-dwelling older men with post-COVID 19 sarcopenia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nambi Gopal , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Alrawaili Saud M. , Elsayed Shereen H. , Verma Anju , Vellaiyan Arul , Eid Marwa M. , Aldhafian Osama R. , Nwihadh Naif Bin , Saleh Ayman K.
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To find and compare the clinical and psychological effects of low and high-intensity aerobic training combined with resistance training in community-dwelling older men with post-COVID-19 sarcopenia symptoms.

Design:

Randomized control trial.

Setting:

University physiotherapy clinic.

Participants:

Men in the age range of 60–80 years with post-COVID-19 Sarcopenia.

Intervention:

All participants received resistance training for whatever time of the day that they received it, and that in addition they were randomized into two groups like low-intensity aerobic training group ( n = 38) and high-intensity aerobic training group ( n = 38) for 30 minutes/session, 1 session/day, 4 days/week for 8 weeks.

Outcomes:

Clinical (muscle strength and muscle mass) and psychological (kinesiophobia and quality of life scales) measures were measured at the baseline, fourth week, the eighth week, and at six months follow-up.

Results:

The 2 × 4 group by time repeated measures MANOVA with corrected post-hoc tests for six dependent variables shows a significant difference between the groups ( P < 0.001). At the end of six months follow up, the handgrip strength, −3.9 (95% CI −4.26 to −3.53), kinesiophobia level 4.7 (95% CI 4.24 to 5.15), and quality of life −10.4 (95% CI −10.81 to −9.9) shows more improvement ( P < 0.001) in low-intensity aerobic training group than high-intensity aerobic training group, but in muscle mass both groups did not show any significant difference ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Low-intensity aerobic training exercises are more effective in improving the clinical (muscle strength) and psychological (kinesiophobia and quality of life) measures than high-intensity aerobic training in post-COVID 19 Sarcopenia.
The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and the surface urban heat island effect in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Xie Miaomiao , Wang Huihui , Chen Bin , Wu Rongrong , Chen Yan
Published: August 2021

Air pollution and the urban heat island (UHI) effect are two serious problems in many cities and have become increasingly serious with accelerated urbanization. The relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the UHI effect has become a research topic of major interest to help avoid the vicious cycle of the UHI effect and air pollution, but recent studies still focus on correlation analysis, lacking attention to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of their relationship. Combining remote sensing and in situ data, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the interaction between the UHI effect and PM2.5 in Beijing over four seasons by using a coupling coordination degree model, and the characteristics of spatiotemporal heterogeneity were analyzed from both biophysical and socioeconomic aspects. The modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were selected as the indices from a biophysical perspective. Urban functional areas derived from points of interest (POIs) were used to represent the area’s socioeconomic background. The results showed that the relationship between PM2.5 and the UHI effect has spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The areas exhibiting high degrees of coupling coordination were most widely distributed in spring, and the highest degree of coupling coordination appeared in summer. The four seasons of high coupling coordination areas occurred over four seasons, covering more than 58.3% of Beijing’s area, mainly concentrated in business-related functional areas. Areas where the positive interaction between the UHI effect and air pollution was weak tended to have a higher proportion of vegetation. The results of this work are of theoretical and management value for mitigating the threat of rapid urbanization to human health.
Shrouded wind turbine performance in yawed turbulent flow conditions
Authors: Richmond-Navarro Gustavo , Uchida Takanori , Calderón-Muñoz Williams R.
Published: August 2021

Wind turbines represent a growing energy source worldwide. In many cases, operating in turbulent and changing wind direction spots. In this work, we use a wind tunnel to analyze the effect of the turbulence in a wind turbine provided with a Wind Lens flow concentrator, under yaw conditions, for turbulence intensity values of 10% and 15%. Measurements are made of the power coefficient as a function of the Tip Speed Ratio using two types of Wind Lens, CiiB5 and CiiB10, at yaw angles from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. In general, for the turbine with Wind Lens, an increase of the yaw angle causes a reduction of the power coefficient. If the turbine operates with the CiiB10, the stronger the turbulence, the greater performance is obtained. In conclusion, for the case of turbulent flow and yaw = [Formula: see text] or less, the Wind Lens turbine offers better performance than without the flow concentrator.
COVID-19 information seeking and utilization among library and information science professionals in Nigeria
Authors: Adomi Esharenana E. , Oyovwe-Tinuoye Gloria O.
Published: August 2021

Like many countries, Nigeria’s library services were affected by COVID-19. This study (conducted in 2020) examined the priorities and barriers for information seeking and use by library and information science professionals in Nigeria, including what type of information was sought, the sources used and how these were evaluated. An online survey, with questions informed by a literature survey, was sent to library and information science professionals in Nigeria with WhatsApp accounts (individual and library and information science group accounts). The responses were automatically collected and saved into Google Sheets for further analysis using descriptive statistics. There were 167 responses (61% response rate). The main information needs were causes of the virus, COVID-19 symptoms, providing library services during physical library closure, the timing of reopening, and staff and user safety measures required for library reopening. The respondents were also concerned about COVID-19 test procedures and transmission mechanisms, treatment (including herbal medicines), vaccines, government policy and restrictions on movement. The main information sources used were the Internet (including government and World Health Organization websites), social media, television and radio. The authority, reliability, currency and relevance of the information were considered when evaluating COVID-19 information consulted, and were using the information primarily to ‘keep safe’ in accordance with government regulations, to provide library services on time and to plan for safe reopening. The barriers to information seeking and use were technical (poor telecommunications), financial (lack of funds to purchase resources) and physical (library closures). One barrier was the volume of information (both reliable and unreliable). Verification was viewed as important but seemingly difficult to do. The respondents were concerned about the safe and effective operation of library services. Library and information science professionals in Nigeria may need advice from health professionals on the most reliable sources of information on COVID-19 and how to use them for themselves and their users.
Analyzing Travel Time Reliability from Sparse Probe Vehicle Data: A Case Study on the Effects of Spatial and Temporal Aggregation
Authors: Steinmaßl Markus , Kranzinger Stefan , Rehrl Karl
Published: August 2021

Travel time reliability (TTR) indices have gained considerable attention for evaluating the quality of traffic infrastructure. Whereas TTR measures have been widely explored using data from stationary sensors with high penetration rates, there is a lack of research on calculating TTR from mobile sensors such as probe vehicle data (PVD) which is characterized by low penetration rates. PVD is a relevant data source for analyzing non-highway routes, as they are often not sufficiently covered by stationary sensors. The paper presents a methodology for analyzing TTR on (sub-)urban and rural routes with sparse PVD as the only data source that could be used by road authorities or traffic planners. Especially in the case of sparse data, spatial and temporal aggregations could have great impact, which are investigated on two levels: first, the width of time of day (TOD) intervals and second, the length of road segments. The spatial and temporal aggregation effects on travel time index (TTI) as prominent TTR measure are analyzed within an exemplary case study including three different routes. TTI patterns are calculated from data of one year grouped by different days-of-week (DOW) groups and the TOD. The case study shows that using well-chosen temporal and spatial aggregations, even with sparse PVD, an in-depth analysis of traffic patterns is possible.
The influence of internal motivation and external publicity on consumers’ waste sorting behaviour
Authors: Tian Min , Chen Yini , Pu Bo , Lv Mei
Published: August 2021

Waste sorting is an important aspect of environmental protection, which is now being enforced on a large scale in China. More broadly, it is beneficial to improve the implementation strategies for waste sorting policy and programmes. This study analyses the psychology of consumers that influences the mechanisms of consumer waste sorting and the governmental policies influencing consumers’ attitudes and behaviours. About 295 validated participants were collected from four regions of China. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship among consumers’ internal motivation, government’s external publicity and consumer behaviour, and the Hayes’ PROCESS macro was used to test mediating effect and moderating effect. The results show that consumers’ internal motivation and government’s external publicity have a positive effect on consumer behaviour. Consumer attitude played a complete mediating role between consumers’ internal motivation and consumer behaviour. Between the government’s external publicity and consumer behaviour, consumer attitude played a complementary mediating role. Consumers with self-transcendence values, positive motivation of waste sorting and the government’s external publicity had a greater positive impact on their attitudes than consumers with self-enhancement values. The greater the material benefits and psychic income consumers received from waste sorting, the more it promoted a positive attitude to consumer behaviour. The article puts forward some management suggestions to improve the government’s implementation of its waste sorting policy.
Outcomes of Sexual Assault Victimization in Early Adulthood: National Estimates for University and Nonuniversity Students
Authors: Potter Sharyn J. , Moschella Elizabeth A. , Mumford Elizabeth A. , Taylor Bruce G.
Published: August 2021

Across the United States, 20% of women ages 18 and over are victims of penetrative sexual assault, with the highest rates occurring in early adulthood (i.e., ages 18-24). Despite the high prevalence and severe mental and physical health problems resulting from sexual assault, with few exceptions, little is known about how victims of sexual assault attribute subsequent academic and career outcomes. Approximately 901 adult participants were recruited from a probability-based nationally representative sample to examine the prevalence of and outcomes attributed to sexual assault victimization experienced during early adulthood. Of the 36% of female participants who reported sexual assault perpetrated against them between the ages of 18 and 24, 69.5% attributed at least one negative academic or career outcome to the sexual assault. Participants who identified as White and who were over the age of 30 at the time of the survey were more likely to attribute negative academic and career outcomes as a result of a sexual assault perpetrated against them during early adulthood than women of color and younger women (i.e., ages 25-29). Our findings expand the knowledge on negative outcomes attributed to sexual assault and yields more questions about the larger societal impacts. More research is needed to understand the intersection between an assault during young adulthood and the demographic characteristics of survivors.
Supporting Children Who Experience Domestic Violence: Evaluating the Child Witness to Domestic Violence Program
Authors: Schubert Erin C.
Published: August 2021

Impacting 1 in 4 children in the United States, childhood exposure to domestic violence predicts myriad negative sequelae. Intervening post exposure is critical to help children and their protective parent heal and avoid long-term negative consequences. Children aged 2-17 and their mothers who were victims of domestic violence participated in a 12-week group program delivered by domestic violence agency staff that provides psychoeducation on the impact of trauma and domestic violence and aims to improve parent and child well-being. The impact of the Child Witness to Domestic Violence (CWDV) program was tested in an intervention group ( n = 69 children, 33 mothers) who participated in CWDV and control group ( n = 80 children, 39 mothers) consisting of children whose mothers received adult-focused domestic violence services but were not enrolled in CWDV or other child-focused services. Multiple regression analyses controlling for child gender, child age, mother’s age, and the outcome of interest at time 1 found that participation in CWDV program significantly predicted better child functioning as indicated by less hyperactivity ( B = –.85, p = .06), fewer negative emotional symptoms ( B = –1.14, p = .01), and fewer total behavioral difficulties ( B = –2.48, p = .02) as well as higher maternal hope ( B = .57, p = .03). These data provide promising evidence of the impact of a brief, replicable group intervention that promotes healing and well-being among children and parents exposed to domestic violence. Limitations include a quasi-experimental design and reliance on maternal report.
Dating Aggression and Observed Behaviors in a Nonconflictual Situation: The Role of Negative Anticipation
Authors: Daspe Marie-Ève , Arbel Reout , Rasmussen Hannah F. , Margolin Gayla
Published: August 2021

Past observational studies highlight meaningful behavioral differences between aggressive and nonaggressive couples during conflict interactions. However, research is needed on how aggressive couples communicate in other, nonconflictual interactional contexts. This study investigates how dating partners’ perpetration of physical aggression relates to observed behaviors during a laboratory-based discussion during which dating couples planned a date together. We also investigated whether negative anticipation of the upcoming discussion influences dating partners’ observed behaviors. Results showed that perpetration of dating aggression from one partner is linked to more negative behaviors from the other partner during the discussion. This association, however, is moderated by negative anticipation of the discussion; the link between aggression from one’s partner and negative behaviors is significant at high levels (+1 SD) but not at low levels (–1 SD)of negative anticipation. One’s own dating aggression also relates to fewer positive behaviors during the discussion. Findings suggest that couple aggression spills over to and potentially degrades the discussion of even nonthreatening, potentially enjoyable communications. Results also underscore negative anticipation of an interaction as a potential risky process that increases the likelihood of antagonistic exchanges between partners. The discussion addresses putative pathways between partner aggression and generalized communication patterns, and potential bi-directional effects with negative anticipation. We also discuss practical implications and targets of intervention to counteract the establishment of problematic communication dynamics in young couples.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Intimate Partner Violence; Findings From a Community Sample of Hispanic Young Adults
Authors: Forster Myriam , Rogers Christopher J. , Rainisch Bethany , Grigsby Timothy , De La Torre Carmen , Albers Larisa , Unger Jennifer B.
Published: August 2021

In the United States, a substantial proportion of the adult population (36% of women and 34% of men) from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds report experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) over the life course. Family risk factors have been linked to adolescent and young adult IPV involvement, yet few studies have examined the effect of multiple, co-occurring adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the stability and change of IPV behaviors over young adulthood—the period of highest risk for IPV. We investigated the relationship between the degree of ACE exposure and IPV victimization and perpetration at age 22 and two years later at age 24 among a sample of Hispanic young adults ( N= 1,273) in Southern California. Negative binomial regression models compared the incident rate ratio (IRR) of past-year verbal and physical IPV victimization and perpetration of respondents with 1–3 ACE and with ≥4 ACE to their peers who reported no history of ACE cross-sectionally (age 22) and longitudinally (age 24). At age 22, participants with 1–3 and ≥4 ACE were overrepresented in all IPV behaviors and had higher IRRs of verbal and physical victimization and perpetration compared to their peers with no ACE. By age 24, respondents with a history of ≥4 ACE were at significantly greater risk for escalating IPV behaviors over this time period than their peers with 1–3 ACE and no ACE. These findings highlight the importance of investing in coordinated efforts to develop strategies that help young people cope with the downstream effects of early life adversity. Research should continue to identify what individual, community, and cultural assets that promote resilience and are promising foci of IPV prevention approaches among vulnerable populations.
Role of hospital leadership in combating the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abdi Zhaleh , Lega Federico , Ebeid Nadine , Ravaghi Hamid
Published: August 2021

Hospitals all around the world play an essential role in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. During an epidemic event, hospital leaders frequently face new challenges requiring them to perform unaccustomed tasks, which might be well beyond the scope of their previous practice and experience. While no absolute set of characteristics is necessary in all leadership situations, certain traits, skills and competencies tend to be more critical than others in crisis management times. We will discuss some of the most important ones in this manuscript. To strengthen those managerial competencies needed to face outbreaks, healthcare leaders should be better supported by competency-based training courses as it is more and more clear that traditional training courses are not as effective as they were supposed to be. It seems we should look at the COVID-19 pandemic as a learning opportunity to re-frame what we expect from hospital leaders and to re-think the way we train, assess and evaluate them.
New Farm Acts and Emerging Market Forms: Implications for Farmers
Authors: Gill Sucha Singh
Published: August 2021

This article examines the implications of new farm laws enacted by the Government of India in 2020 (now repealed) on farming and farmers. There are divergent opinions of experts and of the Government of India and the farmers’ unions on the expected benefits/losses to farmers. This article seeks guidance from economic theory on determination of prices of inputs and outputs under different market forms. The farm laws raise concerns about their potential to alter the organizational forms of production, marketing and storage of agricultural produce involving big private corporate agencies leading to changes in the market forms for determining prices and output level. These issues need to be examined in the context of emerging monopsony/oligopsony market forms, agricultural produce markets and final consumer level food markets. The discussion is supplemented by empirical evidence from the United States on the impact of similar laws in the 1980s on small farmers, together with limited evidence on the abolition of APMC market regulation in Bihar in 2006, so as to draw some lessons for reforms and their implications of future of farming and farmers in India.
Conceptualizing Municipal Elections: The Case of Toronto 2018
Authors: Matthews J. Scott , Michael McGregor R. , Stephenson Laura B.
Published: August 2021

Since Angus Campbell and colleagues first introduced the “levels of conceptualization” (LoC) framework as a measure of political sophistication, a number of scholars have applied the approach to subsequent American national elections. In this study, we present the first application of the LoC framework to a municipal election, and focus upon the 2018 Toronto mayoral race. After describing the method and data we use to adapt the framework to this new context, we replicate previous analyses, and find that LoC is related to local voter turnout and several measures of political sophistication. We then consider the question of whether major candidates were discussed at different LoC, and if their supporters view local politics at different LoC. We conclude by making the case that the LoC framework is helpful for resolving the debate over whether local politics are ideological or managerial in nature.
Migrations in times of economic crisis: Reflections on labour, inequality and imprisonment in Italy
Authors: Crocitti Stefania
Published: August 2021

The Great Recession (2008–13) produced several changes in migratory flows and stock, return migration and foreigners’ legal status, employment, involvement in crime and punishment. In the international context, Italy showed some peculiarities. Unlike other South European countries, Italy did not experience a great worsening of the working conditions of immigrants. Moving from the political economy of punishment approaches (in both traditional and recent declinations), the article describes variations in migration during the recession in Italy, and particularly in immigrants’ working conditions, in order to discuss whether and how punitivity against foreigners (measured by incarceration) has been affected by changes in migrants’ inclusion within Italian society and labour market. The decline in foreigners’ imprisonment is explained by social and economic forces pertaining not to the whole Italian social structure but to a subsystem reserved for migrants that I call ‘migrant social structure’.
Patients’ Perceptions of Health Care Providers’ Dismissive Communication
Authors: Hildenbrand Grace M. , Perrault Evan K. , Rnoh Rachel HeeJoon
Published: August 2021

Some patients experience negative interactions with health care providers, such as when they perceive that their concerns are ignored by providers. The present study, guided by patient-centered communication, examined health care provider communication behaviors that resulted in patients feeling dismissed, and whether there were differences in providers who dismissed being perceived as (dis)similar to the patients in gender, race/ethnicity, or age. U.S. adults claiming they felt dismissed by a provider were asked to recall demographic information they perceived about the provider and what the provider said that was dismissive. Responses were coded for emergent themes. Results revealed that younger, female, and non-White participants most frequently reported being dismissed by a dissimilar provider. Patients felt dismissed when they perceived that providers were rude or did not take action, provided poor information, did not believe patients, rushed the visit, or were uninformed. Providers may want to avoid these behaviors and could consider obtaining training in supportive communication behaviors such as providing validation to patients and listening to patients in order to enhance patient satisfaction. Patients can also receive communication training to take a more active role in their medical encounters by learning to effectively ask questions, express preferences, and speak up for themselves.
Process Evaluation of a Mailed Interactive Educational DVD in a Comparative Effectiveness Trial to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Katz Mira L. , Emerson Brent , Champion Victoria L. , Schwartz Peter H. , Imperiale Thomas F. , Fatima Hala , Paskett Electra D. , Perkins Susan M. , Tong Yan , Gebregziabher Netsanet , Krier Connie , Tharp Kevin , Malloy Caeli , Strom Sylvia , Rawl Susan M.
Published: August 2021

A process evaluation was conducted as part of a comparative effectiveness trial of a mailed interactive educational DVD intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening among average-risk patients who did not attend a scheduled colonoscopy. Participants (n = 371) for the trial were randomized to (1) mailed DVD, (2) mailed DVD plus patient navigation, or (3) usual care. Participants (n = 243) randomized to the two DVD intervention arms were called 2 weeks after mailing materials to complete a process evaluation interview about the DVD (September 2017–February 2020). Forty-nine (20%) participants were not reached, and 194 (80%) participants watched the DVD and completed the interview. The process evaluation assessed whether (1) the DVD content was helpful, (2) any new information was learned by participants, (3) the appropriate amount of information was included in the DVD, (4) participants were engaged when watching the DVD, (5) the DVD content was relevant, (6) participants were satisfied with the DVD (7) participants would recommend the DVD to others, and (8) their opinion about colorectal cancer screening was changed by watching the DVD. Among participants who watched the DVD, 99% reported the screening information was very or somewhat helpful, 47% learned new information, 75% said the DVD included the right amount of information, they were engaged (M = 3.35 out of 4, SD = 0.49), 87% reported all or most information applied to them, they were satisfied (M = 3.42 out of 4, SD = 0.39) with DVD content, 99% would recommend the DVD to others, and 45% reported changing their opinion about screening. To understand the effects of interventions being tested in trials and to plan the dissemination of evidence-based interventions, process evaluation is critical to assess the dose received and acceptability of behavioral interventions.
Prognostic Impact of MITD1 and Associates With Immune Infiltration in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chujie , Sheng Yiyu
Published: August 2021

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most malignant diseases with poor survival rate over the world. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly related to the oncogenesis, development, and prognosis of KIRC. Thus, making the identification of KIRC biomarkers and immune infiltrates critically important. Microtubule Interacting and Trafficking Domain containing 1(MITD1) was reported to participate in cytokinesis of cell division. In the present study, multiple bioinformatics tools and databases were applied to investigate the expression level and clinical value of MITD1 in KIRC. We found that the expression of MITD1 was significantly increased in KIRC tissues. Further, the KIRC patients with high MITD1 levels showed a worse overall survival (OS) rate and disease free survival (DFS) rate. Otherwise, we found a significant correlation MITD1 expression and the abundance of CD8+ T cells. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that immune response and cytokine-cytokine receptor are very critical signaling pathways which associated with MITD1 in KIRC. In conclusion, our findings indicated that MITD1 may be a potential biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in KIRC.
Returning to Azeroth: Nostalgia, Sense of Place, and Social Presence in World of Warcraft Classic
Authors: Robinson Jessica A. , Bowman Nicholas D.
Published: August 2021

World of Warcraft (WoW) Classic (released August 2019) allows players to return to the original game experience. This study considers how WoW players experience game content through media nostalgia and sense of place and investigates how social presence impacts these components of experience. Survey questions addressed 306 participants’ experiences in WoW, feelings of nostalgia and sense of place in Azeroth, and experiences with social presence in WoW; open-ended questions were asked about their motivations to play WoW. Prior overall WoW experience and higher sense of social presence increase personal nostalgia scores (replicating previous research). Sense of place scores increased with higher sense of social presence but were overall lower for current WoW Classic players. Social presence proved an important component of both personal nostalgia and sense of place. These findings expand and extend researchers’ understanding of the relationships between nostalgia, sense of place, and social presence within this unique site of study.
Presidential Influence: How a University President Handles Crisis and Cultivates Campus Culture for an Online Learning Community
Authors: Griggs Meghan , Thouin Caroline
Published: August 2021

The President of Southern Plains University is dealing with coronavirus disease 2019 on-campus that has forced the university to move most of its courses online. Alongside this issue, the country is in a state of social unrest as multiple unarmed African American citizens were killed by local police and White citizens. During these divisive times, university constituents have expressed that the virtual learning environment has failed to provide an adequately safe online learning community for the diverse student population. In response to racially insensitive comments that were made in online courses, a frustrated faculty, and ongoing challenges due to the pandemic and the fight for racial justice, this university president looks to reassure constituents by cultivating an online culture that values diversity and inclusion.
Using Mixed Methods to Explore Variations in Impact Within RCTs: The Case of Project COMPASS
Authors: Edmunds Julie A. , Gicheva Dora , Thrift Beth , Hull Marie
Published: August 2021

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in education are common as the design allows for an unbiased estimate of the overall impact of a program. As more RCTs are completed, researchers are also noting that an overall average impact may mask substantial variation across sites or groups of individuals. Mixed methods can provide insight and help in unpacking some of the reasons for these variations in impact. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods research by integrating mixed methods into a recently developed conceptual framework for understanding variations in impact. We model the use of this approach within the context of an RCT for online courses that found differences in impact across courses.