bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC–Ni cermets prepared by microwave sintering
Authors: Tang Siwen , Zhang Hao , Yang Zhifu , Liu Qian , Lv Zheng , Ouyang Cong , Qiu Xinyi
Published: August 2022

This study shows the application of microwave sintering (MS) on preparing NbC–10Ni and NbC–12Ni cermets, as well as the effect of its microstructure, phase formation, and mechanical properties. Results indicated that NbC–Ni cermets with a fine and uniform structure can be obtained by MS in a relatively short time. And the sintering temperature greatly influenced the microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC–Ni cermets, whereas the effect of dwell time is relatively small. With the increase of the sintering temperature, the microstructure of NbC–Ni cermets experienced sintering densification and grain growth. The strength and toughness increased first and then decreased, and the hardness increased with the increase of sintering temperature. According to the comprehensive mechanical properties, the optimized sintering process is 1,390°C and the dwell time is 15 min. At this time, no new phase formed, but the diffraction peak of the Ni phase shifted. Through analysis, it is found that the improvement mechanisms for comprehensive mechanical properties of NbC–Ni cermets mainly include grain refinement, crack deflection and bridging, and energy absorption of the ductile phase of Ni.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrNiCuX high-entropy alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Luo Wenqi , Zou Qin , Li Yanguo , Ye Xihui , Yang Xiaowei , Song Jintao , Luo Yongan
Published: August 2022

CoCrNiCuX (X = Mn, MnFe, FeAl) high-entropy alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The relationship between microstructural and mechanical properties of CoCrNiCuX powders and bulks was investigated. The effects of the addition and substitution of elements on crystal structure transition, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties were assessed. The results indicated that, with the addition of Fe, the crystal structure of the alloys was transformed from fcc phase to a mix of fcc and bcc phases. By substituting Mn with Fe and Al, the formation of bcc phase was promoted, which caused precipitation hardening that significantly improved the hardness and compression strength of the investigated high-entropy alloys.
The role of self-construal in EFL vocabulary learning
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuko
Published: August 2022

Vocabulary learning is often assigned as out-of-class learning, which learners need to autonomously initiate and be motivated to sustain. Under such learning modes, though independent learners may need less motivational scaffolding, learners who prefer a more interactive study environment may need to be provided with assistance to boost their motivation. Focusing on such personal determinants, this study examines the role of self-construal in vocabulary learning by employing self-determination theory. The participants were 155 engineering students from a Japanese technical college. Path and mediation analyses were performed based on vocabulary test scores and questionnaire responses. Results revealed that independent self-construal had a significant impact on more self-determined types of both motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) and amotivation, but interdependent self-construal was statistically irrelevant to them, in the context of vocabulary learning. Furthermore, perceived autonomy and competence mediated the relationship between independent self-construal and motivation. These findings indicate that vocabulary learning motivation is shaped and regulated by self-construal and may be enhanced through support of the mediators.
Evaluating molecular representations in machine learning models for drug response prediction and interpretability
Authors: Baptista Delora , Correia João , Pereira Bruno , Rocha Miguel
Published: August 2022

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used to guide drug discovery processes. When applying ML approaches to chemical datasets, molecular descriptors and fingerprints are typically used to represent compounds as numerical vectors. However, in recent years, end-to-end deep learning (DL) methods that can learn feature representations directly from line notations or molecular graphs have been proposed as alternatives to using precomputed features. This study set out to investigate which compound representation methods are the most suitable for drug sensitivity prediction in cancer cell lines. Twelve different representations were benchmarked on 5 compound screening datasets, using DeepMol, a new chemoinformatics package developed by our research group, to perform these analyses. The results of this study show that the predictive performance of end-to-end DL models is comparable to, and at times surpasses, that of models trained on molecular fingerprints, even when less training data is available. This study also found that combining several compound representation methods into an ensemble can improve performance. Finally, we show that a post hoc feature attribution method can boost the explainability of the DL models.
KaIDA: a modular tool for assisting image annotation in deep learning
Authors: Schilling Marcel P. , Schmelzer Svenja , Klinger Lukas , Reischl Markus
Published: August 2022

Deep learning models achieve high-quality results in image processing. However, to robustly optimize parameters of deep neural networks, large annotated datasets are needed. Image annotation is often performed manually by experts without a comprehensive tool for assistance which is time- consuming, burdensome, and not intuitive. Using the here presented modular Karlsruhe Image Data Annotation (KaIDA) tool, for the first time assisted annotation in various image processing tasks is possible to support users during this process. It aims to simplify annotation, increase user efficiency, enhance annotation quality, and provide additional useful annotation-related functionalities. KaIDA is available open-source athttps://git.scc.kit.edu/sc1357/kaida.
Performance analysis of WDM-ROF network with different receiver filters
Authors: Gupta Anuj Kumar
Published: August 2022

Radio over fiber (ROF) is a very attractive technology for the increasing demand for flexibility and transmission capacity and due to its high bandwidth and low attenuation, it offers an economic advantage. The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is used to multiplex the different wavelengths signals within a single optical fiber. In this paper, WDM-ROF system is analysed with different filters using an optisystem. Results were compared using max Q factor, min BER, and eye height parameters.
Pronominalization and clitic doubling in Syrian and Omani Arabic
Authors: Hallman Peter , Al-Balushi Rashid
Published: August 2022

This article treats cliticization of a pronoun to a syntactic host and doubling of the clitic pronoun with a non-pronominal counterpart in Syrian and Omani Arabic. Although the two varieties are closely related and the morphological paradigms they display are very similar, the pronominalization and clitic pronoun doubling patterns they display are quite different. We trace this difference to a basic difference in whether the relevant syntactic processes are sensitive to intervention effects in the two dialects, with the result being that the restrictiveness of pronominalization and clitic pronoun doubling patterns parallel the restrictiveness of basic word order patterns – whether double-object constructions are ‘symmetric’ or ‘asymmetric’ – with Syrian being the more restrictive of the two varieties.
The Russian prepositional TIPA and VRODE in online student discourse: evidence of attraction?
Authors: Kolyaseva Alena
Published: August 2022

This article scrutinizes the use of two competing Russian prepositions, tipa and vrode ‘like, such as’, in online student discourse. Both are associated with the crosslinguistically attested grammaticalization of taxonomic nouns, with tipa having derived from the noun tip ‘type’ and vrode from the noun rod ‘kind’. A prior study contemporary to the fairly recent grammaticalization of tipa forecasted a substitution scenario for the two competing forms. Forty years later, the present article shows that in the current discourse of younger speakers (i) there is indeed a selectional bias in favor of the prepositional tipa (which does not extend to the items’ particle uses) and (ii) the two prepositions demonstrate a high degree of attraction. However, this article also provides quantitative evidence that suggests the presence of a counterforce – subjectification. The selection is modeled on the basis of the items’ functions, realizations of the right- and left-side slots, the speaker’s gender, their evaluative attitude to the referent of the construction, and the perceived casualness of the discourse situation proxied by neutral or markedly informal expression styles.
Spatial analysis of economic predictors of under-five mortality in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Richard , Osayomi Tolulope , Iyanda Ayodeji , Alabede Opeyemi
Published: August 2022

Globally, under-five mortality rates declined from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 38 in 2019. Despite the remarkable progress in reducing under-five mortality globally, it is still significantly high in Nigeria with 117 deaths per 1,000 live births, meaning that 1 in 8 children die before the age of 5. The extant literature on the risk factors of under-five mortality in Nigeria have been largely limited to maternal socio-economic characteristics and environmental factors, with little known about the macroeconomic predictors within a spatial context. As a result, this study examines the macroeconomic predictors of under-five mortality in Nigeria. The data were analysed using spatial statistics. Results show that some parts of northern Nigeria are hotspots of under-five mortality. The study also discovers that inflation rate is a risk factor of under-five mortality in southern Nigeria while internally generated revenue is the predictor in the northern region. The study recommends region-specific interventions such as controlling the high rate of inflation and improving internally generated revenue to reduce under-five mortality in the country.
Cryo ion polishing and high-resolution electron microscopy on a layered PEM composite of an automotive fuel cell
Authors: Kopp A. , Niedermeier J. , Nagel A. , Bernthaler T. , Schneider G.
Published: August 2022

Gas and ion diffusivity within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are of central importance for the functioning of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. These properties are, among other things, directly impacted by the microstructure of the layering and the morphology of the individual layers. Different types of preparation were used to prepare the inner layer composite of the MEA/PEM of a fuel cell. The preparation quality provided for high resolution electron microscopy and the microstructure quantification were compared. The conventional mechanical preparation is compared to planar ion polishing, and cryo ion polishing at -80 °C. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods are discussed by way of examples related to the microstructure such as porosity, elemental distribution, and the measurement of the layer thickness. It is shown that cryo ion polishing facilitates a largely artifact-free preparation of the highly thermo-sensitive, partially highly porous layered PTFE composites, and the porous catalyst layers. Thus, not only easily ascertainable layer thicknesses but also qualitative features and important quantitative microstructural parameters, such as nanometer-sized pore structures and the porosity of the various composite layers can be revealed.
Comparison of preparation techniques used for the identification of microstructural constituents in the microcrystalline structure of the eutectoid cold-work steel 80CrV2 (1.2235) after austempering
Authors: Holm C. , Gittel H.-J. , Krieg R. , Theiß R. , Dültgen P.
Published: August 2022

Strip material made of 80CrV2 was bainitized for a further development of the master blade steels for thin-cutting circular and band saw blades. Severe distortion after tempering of the material led to the search for a metallographic preparation method to identify the microstructural constituents retained austenite and martensite. Mechanical preparation followed by chemical etching was unsuccessful because the surface was too rough to identify the targeted phases under SEM. Performing an electrolytic preparation produced a less rough surface with sharp phase boundaries, which allowed identification at high magnifications under the SEM. Microhardness testing was used to distinguish between the microstructural constituents of retained austenite and martensite.
Extended N

b
-cone metric spaces over Banach algebra with an application
Authors: Fernandez Jerolina , Malviya Neeraj , Kumar Santosh
Published: August 2022

In this manuscript, we present a new notion which is named as extended N

b
-cone metric space over Banach algebra and investigate some fixed point results in the new setting. In order to examine the validity of the underlying space we gave an application for existence and uniqueness of solution for a system of Fredholm integral equation. At last, we present some interesting examples to illustrate our work.
Arabic songs: an affective forum for combating COVID-19 and other insecurities
Authors: Habib Rania
Published: August 2022

Like other literary genres, songs can be a successful outlet for achieving certain goals. Using a qualitative and descriptive approach utilizing the stancetaking framework, this study examines the development and use of more than 50 Arabic songs as a vehicle to not only inform the public about COVID-19, but also take affective stances that connect the current distressing situation of the Arab people due to COVID-19 with past hardships and crises. These stances invoke salient sociocultural values that are understood and evaluated similarly by Arab people. Evaluating and positioning the insecurity of the pandemic against insecurities of the past activates the affects and messages of the stance, which align with the evaluations and affects of the listeners. That Arab people from different countries share similar evaluations of their insecurities and invoke similar sociocultural values in response to their dreadful situations is indicative of the co-construction of a shared Arab identity through the sociocognitive intersubjectivity of the stances that are indexed to shared repertoires, sociocultural values, and affects.
The relationship between ionic conductivity and structural characteristics of melt-grown KR
3F10 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Y) single crystals
Authors: Karimov Denis N. , Buchinskaya Irina I. , Sorokin Nikolay I.
Published: August 2022

The temperature dependences of the ionic electrical conductivity of fluorite-type (sp. gr.

F
m

3
‾

m

$Fm\overline{3}m$

, Z = 8) KDy3F10 and KHo3F10 single crystals grown by the Bridgman technique have been studied by impedance spectroscopy for the first time. The correlation between the conductometric and structural characteristics of KR
3F10 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Y) crystal family from the point of view of the observed size effect in the ionic conductivity is discussed. With decrease in the unit-cell volume V
1F per fluorine atom in a series of crystals with R = Tb, Dy, Ho and Y, the activation energy Eσ of ion transfer decreases from 1.57 to 1.16 eV respectively and the fluorine-ion conductivity value increases from 3.0 × 10−5 to 4.4 × 10−4 S cm at 773 K, i.e. the nature of the conductivity change is linearly antibatic. This phenomenon can be useful for developing approaches and search strategies for new ionic conductors.
Chemical composition and bioactivities of Magnolia candollii H.Keng essential oil
Authors: Hakim Yahaya Ahmad Azrul , Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh Wan Mohd , Ghani Nurunajah Ab , Khamis Shamsul , Rezali Nurul Syafiqah , Aizat Juhari Mohd Afiq
Published: August 2022

Several Magnolia species have exhibited potent biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, anticonvulsant, anti-obesity, and antiviral activities. However, the Magnolia candollii from Malaysia has not been investigated yet. Hence, this study aims to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivities of the essential oil of Magnolia candollii H.Keng from Malaysia. The hydrodistillation process was used to produce the essential oil, and gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyse it. In total, 44 chemical components were identified in the bark oil, accounting for 98.4%. The major components of the essential oil were α-pinene (29.7%), elemol (10.2%), β-pinene (8.5%), β-caryophyllene (7.2%), α-terpineol (7.0%), guaiol (5.4%), and bulnesol (4.9%). Acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities were also evaluated using the Ellman method and lipoxygenase enzyme, respectively, in which the essential oil showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (I%: 70.2%) and lipoxygenase (I%: 72.5%). Thus, the findings may be helpful for identifying the medicinal and therapeutic uses of the essential oil from the Magnolia genus.
Somatotopy of Mouse Spinothalamic Innervation and the Localization of a Noxious Stimulus Requires Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma Expression by Phox2a Neurons
Authors: Rastegar-Pouyani Shima , Kennedy Timothy E. , Kania Artur
Published: August 2022

Anterolateral system (AS) neurons transmit pain signals from the spinal cord to the brain. Their morphology, anatomy, and physiological properties have been extensively characterized and suggest that specific AS neurons and their brain targets are concerned with the discriminatory aspects of noxious stimuli, such as their location or intensity, and their motivational/emotive dimension. Among the recently unraveled molecular markers of AS neurons is the developmentally expressed transcription factor Phox2a, providing us with the opportunity to selectively disrupt the embryonic wiring of AS neurons to gain insights into the logic of their adult function. As mice with a spinal-cord-specific loss of the netrin-1 receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) have increased AS neuron innervation of ipsilateral brain targets and defective noxious stimulus localization or topognosis, we generated mice of either sex carrying a deletion ofDccin Phox2a neurons. SuchDccPhox2amice displayed impaired topognosis along the rostrocaudal axis but with little effect on left-right discrimination and normal aversive responses. Anatomical tracing experiments inDccPhox2amice revealed defective targeting of cervical and lumbar AS axons within the thalamus. Furthermore, genetic labeling of AS axons revealed their expression of DCC on their arrival in the brain, at a time when many of their target neurons are being born and expressNtn1. Our experiments suggest a postcommissural crossing function for netrin-1:DCC signaling during the formation of somatotopically ordered maps and are consistent with a discriminatory function of some of the Phox2a AS neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow nociceptive (pain) signals are relayed from the body to the brain remains an important question relevant to our understanding of the basic physiology of pain perception. Previous studies have demonstrated that the AS is a main effector of this function. It is composed of AS neurons located in the spinal cord that receive signals from nociceptive sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli. In this study, we generate a genetic miswiring of mouse AS neurons that results in a decreased ability to perceive the location of a painful stimulus. The precise nature of this defect sheds light on the function of different kinds of AS neurons and how pain information may be organized.
Trapping of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands Assayed byIn VitroCellular Studies andIn VivoPET Imaging
Authors: Zhang Hannah J. , Zammit Matthew , Kao Chien-Min , Govind Anitha P. , Mitchell Samuel , Holderman Nathanial , Bhuiyan Mohammed , Freifelder Richard , Kucharski Anna , Zhuang Xiaoxi , Mukherjee Jogeshwar , Chen Chin-Tu , Green William N.
Published: August 2022

A question relevant to nicotine addiction is how nicotine and other nicotinic receptor membrane-permeant ligands, such as the anti-smoking drug varenicline (Chantix), distribute in brain. Ligands, like varenicline, with high pKaand high affinity for α4β2-type nicotinic receptors (α4β2Rs) are trapped in intracellular acidic vesicles containing α4β2Rsin vitro. Nicotine, with lower pKaand α4β2R affinity, is not trapped. Here, we extend our results by imaging nicotinic PET ligandsin vivoin male and female mouse brain and identifying the trapping brain organellein vitroas Golgi satellites (GSats). Two PET18F-labeled imaging ligands were chosen: [18F]2-FA85380 (2-FA) with varenicline-like pKaand affinity and [18F]Nifene with nicotine-like pKaand affinity. [18F]2-FA PET-imaging kinetics were very slow consistent with 2-FA trapping in α4β2R-containing GSats. In contrast, [18F]Nifene kinetics were rapid, consistent with its binding to α4β2Rs but no trapping. Specific [18F]2-FA and [18F]Nifene signals were eliminated in β2 subunit knock-out (KO) mice or by acute nicotine (AN) injections demonstrating binding to sites on β2-containing receptors. Chloroquine (CQ), which dissipates GSat pH gradients, reduced [18F]2-FA distributions while having little effect on [18F]Nifene distributionsin vivoconsistent with only [18F]2-FA trapping in GSats. These results are further supported byin vitrofindings where dissipation of GSat pH gradients blocks 2-FA trapping in GSats without affecting Nifene. By combiningin vitroandin vivoimaging, we mapped both the brain-wide and subcellular distributions of weak-base nicotinic receptor ligands. We conclude that ligands, such as varenicline, are trapped in neurons in α4β2R-containing GSats, which results in very slow release long after nicotine is gone after smoking.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMechanisms of nicotine addiction remain poorly understood. An earlier study usingin vitromethods found that the anti-smoking nicotinic ligand, varenicline (Chantix) was trapped in α4β2R-containing acidic vesicles. Using a fluorescent-labeled high-affinity nicotinic ligand, this study provided evidence that these intracellular acidic vesicles were α4β2R-containing Golgi satellites (GSats).In vivoPET imaging with F-18-labeled nicotinic ligands provided additional evidence that differences in PET ligand trapping in acidic vesicles were the cause of differences in PET ligand kinetics and subcellular distributions. These findings combiningin vitroandin vivoimaging revealed new mechanistic insights into the kinetics of weak base PET imaging ligands and the subcellular mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction.
The “Worst Dinner Guest Ever”
Authors: Dean Megan A.
Published: August 2022

In 2012, a Venn diagram appeared on the blog The Kitchn detailing the characteristics of what it called the “worst dinner guest ever.” This maligned guest is not only vegan but also gluten and lactose intolerant and allergic to nuts and eggs. While a few commenters agreed with the implication that dietary constraints indicate a failure of appropriate guest behavior, most echoed what Lisa Heldke and Raymond Boisvert (2016) suggest is the dominant American view: hosts are generally obliged to accommodate the dietary restrictions of their guests. For Heldke and Boisvert, this is most obviously true when guests have food allergies and serious harm can be easily avoided by a change in menu. In this essay I argue that epistemic barriers can obscure hosts’ perception of these ostensibly obvious cases, preventing them from fulfilling their obligations. Specifically, I argue that guests with food allergies and other “gut issues” can be subject to testimonial injustice that undermines their credibility, leading hosts to doubt or disbelieve their need for accommodation. Such guests may also be subject to testimonial smothering, discouraging them from disclosing their dietary restrictions in the first place. I argue that these forms of epistemic injustice raise multiple moral concerns and that hosts have a responsibility to practice epistemic humility regarding guests’ reports of gut issues. Overall, this paper aims to enable hosts and guests with gut issues alike to recognize and overcome epistemic obstacles to good hospitality—the importance of which extends far beyond the dinner table.
You Can Tell a Prodigy From a Professional Musician
Authors: Pausch Viola , Düvel Nina , Kopiez Reinhard
Published: August 2022

According to Feldman (1993), musical prodigies are expected to perform at the same high level as professional adult musicians and, therefore, are indistinguishable from adults. This widespread definition was the basis for the study by Comeau et al. (2017), which investigated if participants could determine whether an audio sample was played by a professional pianist or a child prodigy. Our paper is a replication of this previous study under more controlled conditions. Our main findings partly confirmed the previous findings: Comparable to Comeau et al.’s (2017) study (N = 51), the participants in our study (N = 278) were able to discriminate between prodigies and adult professionals by listening to music recordings of the same pieces. The overall discrimination performance was slightly above chance (correct responses: 53.7%; sensitivity d’ = 0.20), which was similar to Comeau et al.’s (2017) results of the identification task with prodigies aged between 11 and 14 years (approximately 54.6% correct responses; sensitivity approximately d’ = 0.13). Contrary to the original study, musicians and pianists in our study did not perform significantly better than other participants. Nevertheless, it is generally possible for listeners to differentiate prodigies from adult performers—although this is a demanding task.
Gramophone Voices: Puccini and Madama Butterfly in New York, ca. 1907
Authors: Rindom Ditlev
Published: August 2022

Puccini’s Madama Butterfly (1904) was a notorious failure at its world premiere: condemned by Italian critics for its “decorative” surfaces and apparent repetition of earlier Puccinian tropes. The first of the composer’s two operas based on works by American playwright David Belasco, the opera was soon revised and received its belated New York Metropolitan Opera premiere in 1907 as part of a festival of the composer’s works organized in his presence. The decision to visit New York was timely: not only had Belasco’s source play been premiered there in 1900, but New York was by then emerging as the global center of the operatic gramophone industry, with recordings of Puccini’s works made in Camden, New Jersey, frequently featuring performers from the Metropolitan Opera. This development echoed wider operatic power shifts between Italy and the United States at this time, which informed evolving attitudes to new sound reproduction technology on both sides of the Atlantic.

This article re-examines Madama Butterfly from the perspective of Puccini’s 1907 tour. In particular, it focuses on the composer’s interactions with the U.S. gramophone industry during and before his New York visit, examining them in relation to broader questions of the Italian operatic future and ideas of Italian vocality. While Madama Butterfly has long been addressed in relation to its Orientalist depiction of Japan, reframing Puccini’s Belasco-inspired opera within this transatlantic context can illuminate the fraught cultural politics of the gramophone industry, as well as their intersection with the wider musical dramaturgy of Puccini’s opera. Ultimately, I argue, Madama Butterfly emerges as a vital document of a changing auditory culture ca. 1900, as well as of an ambivalent colonial imagination.
Insider–Outsider Politics and Support for Universal Health Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Fox Ashley M. , Reynolds Megan
Published: August 2022

When and why does the public support redistributive policies that seek to provide social risk protection through universal health financing? One central political dilemma in establishing systems of universal health coverage (UHC) in low- and middle-income countries is the small tax base available to contribute to pooled financing of healthcare. Middle-class workers in the formal sector (labor market insiders) may already get health coverage through the state or private insurers, leaving them little incentive to contribute to UHC that will primarily benefit indigent workers in the informal sector (labor market outsiders). Applying the insider–outsider politics framework, we explore attitudes toward UHC using recent data from Afrobarometer surveys in 36 countries in Sub-Saharan and North Africa. We find that, in spite of growing attention to universal coverage among policymakers, support from the average citizen is low, though variable, across countries. Further, in contrast with expectation, economically secure labor market insiders are more willing than labor market outsiders to pay more in taxes to finance health coverage. However, support for more tax financing of health services was dependent on trust in government and perceptions of government efficacy. Trust in the government’s capacity to use tax financing effectively may be a more important determinant of support for UHC than rational self-interest.
The Italian experience and its contribution to the Union Civil Protection Mechanism in reinforcing cultural heritage protection through the Proculther project
Authors: Piacentini Veronica
Published: August 2022

Purpose. The aim of the article is to explain how the Italian response capacities for the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk of disaster has been enhanced over the past twenty-five years and how it has contributed to raising the awareness of this issue at international level.
Approach/methodology. For this purpose, the main steps made in the last decades by Italy in including the protection of cultural heritage among other emergency issues are described below. In fact, Italy has made many efforts in the past decades to improve the emergency management of cultural heritage, paying particular attention to preparedness, prevention and response actions. Since the end of the past century, dedicated training courses have been organized at all levels as well as local, national and international exercises with specific scenarios dedicated to the protection of cultural heritage at risk of disaster in order to test specific procedures needed to ensure this type of response. In the meantime, the drafting of standard operating procedures specifically addressing the protection of vulnerable cultural heritage emerged as a result of a keen collaboration between the Italian Ministry of Culture (Italian acronym MiC) and the National Civil Protection Department (Italian acronym DPC).
Findings. In this process of constant evolution of operational and technical capacities aimed at reducing the risk of cultural heritage disasters, the combination of past experience and acquired competences of Italy, France, Spain, Turkey, ICCROM and Fondazione Villa Montesca has prompted the launch of the PROCULTHER project, co-funded by the Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG-ECHO).
Value. The project aims to support and complement the efforts made by the European Union to strengthen cooperation between the EU Member States and Participating States in this field. In this sense, by pooling together European civil protection capacities and capabilities and providing for common standards enabling certified and well-equipped teams to work interchangeably when a disaster strikes, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), is an essential and effective system aimed at allowing a stronger and more coherent collective response. Under this framework, the project is promoting, for the first time, the development of a common European methodology, tools and capacities in order to include the protection of cultural heritage in the disaster risk management cycle and to ensure structured collaboration among cultural heritage and civil protection stakeholders at local, national and European level.
Harnessing indigenous knowledge in disaster risk management in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Zivkovic Vesna , Heikell Vicki-Anne
Published: August 2022

Purpose. This paper will provide an insight into understanding of risks and cultural heritage by local and indigenous communities, as well as their knowledge, values and practices informing the perception of disaster risk management. The aim is to contribute to the implementation of Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM), which leads to a locally appropriate and locally "owned" strategy for disaster risk management. 
Approach. The paper presents experiences in disaster response by local communities in New Zealand Aotearoa and consequent shift in the perspective towards disaster risk management which needs to be reflected in cultural heritage field. Disaster risk management plans can be understood as series of written policies and procedures that prevent or minimize damage resulting from disasters, tailored to a museum’s, library’s, archives or community’s specific circumstances and facilities. Having a disaster management plan is not an end result, in itself. The process of creating, implementing, and updating a plan can be far more important and beneficial to an institution or community. 
Value. At-risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capabilities. This means people are at the heart of decision-making and implementation of disaster risk management activities. This aligns with a paradigm shift in disaster management from having management agencies as the primary actors, towards wider and deeper stakeholder involvement, especially in the private sector with local level actors.
Future proofing heritage: Futures Thinking approaches to aid recovery and renewal during the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Ronchini Chiara
Published: August 2022

Purpose. This paper aims to illustrate how organisations, especially cultural heritage organisations, can respond to a crisis and plan for recovery when dealing with multiple future uncertainties by applying Futures Thinking techniques. It does this by describing the approach that Historic Environment Scotland (HES) has been taking to plan for recovery and renewal during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Approach/methodology/design. The paper uses the case study methodology to explore how different Futures Thinking techniques have been used to build flexibility in HES’s work when facing an uncertain future. The paper will also examine how the methodology used in this process will aid the development of a Futures Thinking toolkit and a Virtual Intelligence Hub in support of all HES’s operations.
Findings. This paper demonstrates how Futures Thinking techniques, such as scenario planning, can be effectively used to map critical uncertainties and identify business priorities across different possible scenarios for cultural organisations. It does so by illustrating the journey taken so far by HES to embed Futures Thinking techniques in the organisation, how it engaged with these and used them to begin the process of creating resilience and sustainability in its operations during this crisis.
Originality/value. Because cultural organisations do not traditionally engage in Futures Thinking, this paper makes the case that such tools are a valuable approach to foreseeing and surviving crises.
The role of angiotensin II and relaxin in vascular adaptation to pregnancy
Authors: Doan Thu Ngoc Anh , Bianco-Miotto Tina , Parry Laura , Winter Marnie
Published: August 2022

In brief

There is a pregnancy-induced vasodilation of blood vessels, which is known to have a protective effect on cardiovascular function and can be maintained postpartum. This review outlines the cardiovascular changes that occur in a healthy human and rodent pregnancy, as well as different pathways that are activated by angiotensin II and relaxin that result in blood vessel dilation.

During pregnancy, systemic and uteroplacental blood flow increase to ensure an adequate blood supply that carries oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus. This results in changes to the function of the maternal cardiovascular system. There is also a pregnancy-induced vasodilation of blood vessels, which is known to have a protective effect on cardiovascular health/function. Additionally, there is evidence that the effects of maternal vascular vasodilation are maintained post-partum, which may reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure in the next pregnancy and reduce cardiovascular risk later in life. At both non-pregnant and pregnant stages, vascular endothelial cells produce a number of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, which transduce signals to the contractile vascular smooth muscle cells to control the dilation and constriction of blood vessels. These vascular cells are also targets of other vasoactive factors, including angiotensin II (Ang II) and relaxin. The binding of Ang II to its receptors activates different pathways to regulate the blood vessel vasoconstriction/vasodilation, and relaxin can interact with some of these pathways to induce vasodilation. Based on the available literature, this review outlines the cardiovascular changes that occur in a healthy human pregnancy, supplemented by studies in rodents. A specific focus is placed on vasodilation of blood vessels during pregnancy; the role of endothelial cells and endothelium-derived vasodilators will also be discussed. Additionally, different pathways that are activated by Ang II and relaxin that result in blood vessel dilation will also be reviewed.
Personalized Critical Care Medicine (Review)
Authors: Golubev A. M.
Published: August 2022

Personalized medicine (PM) is a major trend in health care development in the 21st century. This area includes studying risk factors for disease development (prediction), interventions for preventing diseases (prophylaxis), individualization of diagnosis and treatment (personalization), informing the patient on disease prevention and treatment (participation). In the recent years, an intense research to introduce the personalized medicine principles into the management of critically ill patients, has been under way. This includes identification of patient groups based on genomic research, development of diagnostic tests using molecular markers, creation of novel classes of drugs based on individual patient characteristics.

The aim of the reviewis to summarize the available data on the implementation of the principles of PM in the routine practice of critical care institutions.

We analyzed more than 300 sources of literature from the Pubmed and Scopus databases, as well as the RSCI database. Eighty five most relevant sources were selected for the review. The paper reports data on the organization and results of implementation of PM principles and advanced technologies, such as Emergency Medicine Sample Bank (EMSB), in the daily activity of clinics providing emergency critical care. The formation of the novel PM concept focused on the treatment of critically ill patients has been discussed. The review contains detailed data on the patterns of development of specific critical illnesses such as acute cerebrovascular events, acute respiratory distress syndrome, traumatic brain injury, shock, myocardial infarction, cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances. Medication eﬃcacy in view of individual genetic patient characteristics has also been highlighted. No research limitations on the subject were identified.

Conclusion.The analysis of literature has demonstrated positive results of implementing PM principles in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. Creation of Biobanks, development of training programs and regulatory documentation, advancing the scientific research, introduction of new methods of diagnosis and treatment will contribute to the implementation of PM principles in practical healthcare.
A Phenomenological Study of Representations of a Person with Down Syndrome in “Le huitième jour” by Jac van Dormael
Authors: Jakaitė Dalia
Published: August 2022

The subject of the article is the world of a person with an intellectual disability in the comedy drama of Belgian director Jac von Dormael “Le huitième jour” (1996, “The Eighth Day”). The purpose of the article is phenomenological reading and analysis of the representation of a person with Down syndrome and his living world in the featured film, focusing on the emotional and social representation of the disability phenomenon. The approach of the filmmakers to the issue of disability is examined with the principles of social and film phenomenology, semantics and poetics of the artistic text. The research focuses on two perspectives of the phenomenon: a) the relationship of the main character Georges – a musical, theatrical, positive young man with Down syndrome – with his closest family and b) his dialogue with the wider society, which mainly emerges from the communication with Harry – the family father and a successful career teacher. The article makes analytical conclusions about emotional-social phenomena and their significance for the concept of disability, discussing other feature films of a similar period in the comparison. The research invites us to delve deeper into the representation of the experiences of joy and pain that is characteristic of the film “The Eighth Day” and at the same time provokes broader cultural associations.
FEATURES OF BUILDING INFORMATION CHANNELS OF MULTILEVEL INFORMATION AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS OF DIAGNOSING UNITS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SMART GRID CONCEPT
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Sciences of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Hyzhko Yu.I. , Hutorova M.S. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Sciences of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Zvaritch V.M. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Sciences of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kuzik H.A. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Sciences of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Myslovych М.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Sciences of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Ostapchuk L.B. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Sciences of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

Some peculiarities of constructing information channels, which are a part of multilevel information-measuring systems for diagnostics of electrical equipment, are considered. The primary attention in the report is paid to the consideration of primary diagnostic information measurement channels, as well as the block of training aggregates, where the infor-mation about defects and possible modes of operation of some electrical equipment units is stored. One of the possible options for building a primary measurement channel focused on using wireless measurement sensors, which are consis-tent with the use of international standards, has been considered. The description of diagnostic features for determining the technical condition and classification of possible defects in individual nodes of electrical equipment concerning their modes of operation is briefly described. Based on accepted diagnostic attributes, the models of representation of training sets, which correspond to different technical states of electrical equipment units for different modes of opera-tion, are considered. Ref. 10, fig. 3.
A 7-Year-Old With Persistent Fever and Cough
Authors: Vorel Ethan S. , Mehta Jay J. , Russo Michael E. , Muego Melissa P. , Borek Ryan C. , Kelly Janice A. , Greenfield Morgan E.
Published: August 2022

A previously healthy, fully immunized 7-year-old girl presented with a 7-week history of daily fevers and a worsening cough with persistently elevated inflammatory markers. Before admission, she had an unrevealing outpatient workup by infectious disease, rheumatology, pulmonology, and otorhinolaryngology for her fever and other symptoms. Multiple courses of antibiotics had no effect, but brief courses of steroids seemed to modestly alleviate her symptoms. At an outside hospital, a computed tomography neck and chest scan revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. She was subsequently transferred to the authors’ institution. Her examination was notable for a febrile, tired-appearing girl in respiratory distress with a muffled voice and inspiratory stridor. Her laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis with left shift, microcytic anemia, and hypoalbuminemia, as well as elevated inflammatory markers, ferritin, and fecal calprotectin. Her peripheral smear, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase were all within normal limits. Infectious study results, including blood and urine cultures, cytomegalovirus serologies, and Bartonella serologies were negative. On the second read of her outside computed tomography imaging, her lymphadenopathy was felt to be nonpathologic. Based on a recommendation by rheumatology, an ophthalmologic examination was obtained, which revealed bilateral anterior uveitis; however, rheumatologic laboratory test results returned negative. Her fevers continued, and inflammatory markers remained elevated despite antibiotics. On day 6 of hospitalization, she developed worsening respiratory distress, necessitating intubation and transfer to the ICU. Repeat laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy revealed severe purulent tracheitis; however, throat cultures remained sterile. Her clinical deterioration without identification of an offending organism prompted additional evaluation for a systemic etiology.
Tizón Foliar y la Mancha Púrpura de la semilla causados por Cercospora kikuchii en soja (Glycine max L. Merr.)
Authors: Lavilla M. , Ivancovich A. , Díaz-Paleo A.
Published: August 2022

Introducción. El Tizón Foliar y la Mancha Púrpura de la Semilla son enfermedades causadas por Cercospora kikuchii que afectan a la soja (Glycine max L. Merr.) en el mundo y cuyos agentes etiológicos son hongos clasificados en distintas especies con cierta proximidad. Objetivo. Proporcionar un panorama sobre el patosistema del Tizón Foliar y la Mancha Púrpura de la Semilla causadas por Cercospora kikuchii, que afectan el cultivo de soja. Desarrollo. El grado de severidad y/o incidencia de ambas enfermedades varía tanto en Argentina como en el resto del mundo. Estudios recientes demostraron que hay gran variabilidad tanto morfológica como molecular entre los aislamientos de C. kikuchii obtenidos de pecíolo y semilla en las regiones norte, pampa norte y pampa sur recolectados en los años 2015 y 2016. El genoma a nivel de cromosoma de C. kikuchii se encuentra disponible. El ensamblaje del genoma de 9 contigs es de 34,44 Mb y el N50 es de 4,19 Mb. Sobre la base de la predicción de genes ab initio, se identificaron varios genes candidatos relacionados con la patogenicidad, incluidos 242 genes para efectores putativos, 55 grupos de genes de metabolitos secundarios y 399 genes de enzimas activas en carbohidratos. Conclusión. El Tizón Foliar y la Mancha Púrpura de la Semilla son enfermedades endémicas en la Argentina. El patógeno causal de ambas enfermedades presenta una gran variabilidad genética y molecular en la Argentina.
Thrixspermum obyrneanum (Aeridinae), a new species from Peninsular Thailand and Malaysia
Authors: Toolmal Nopparut , Teck Ong Poh , Schuiteman André
Published: August 2022

Thrixspermum obyrneanum (sect. Thrixspermum) is a new species described from Narathiwat Province, southern Thailand, and from Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. It is morphologically similar to T. leucarachne but differs in the much shorter sepals and petals, tepals and lip pale yellow, lateral lobes of the lip 6–7 mm long, broadly triangular to ovate, with narrowly truncate and erose apex, mid-lobe 3.0–4.7 mm long, cylindrical to broadly triangular, obtuse.