bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escritura académica con perspectiva de género Propuestas desde la comunicación científica
Authors: Jiménez Yañez César Enrique , Mancinas Chávez Rosalba Guadalupe
Published: January 2022

Los coordinadores del libro, Cesar Jiménez Yáñez y Rosalba Mancinas Chávez, han hecho ya una presentación en la que dejan claro que el objetivo de los trabajos incluidos aquí fue contribuir a la reflexión y al debate sobre lenguaje inclusivo, especialmente en torno a lo que significa para la escritura académica y la forma en que se puede escribir la ciencia desde otras miradas no androcéntricas.
La discriminación vive en las calles. Análisis de vivencias rutinarias que configuran discriminación contra las mujeres
Authors: García Sierra Lina Milena
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo hace un recorrido por la construcción del discurso, sus alcances en la construcción de realidades y de representación de grupos identitarios, ello con el fin de llevar al lector a un análisis profundo sobre la discriminación como categoría social y jurídico penal. Se usó como insumo de investigación, sesiones de charlas adelantadas con mujeres sobre las violencias contras las mujeres, el sexismo, el discurso de odio y la configuración de agencias tanto individuales como grupales.

 

Finalmente se aborda la eficiencia y coherencia entre el marco normativo colombiano en materia de prevención de violencias contra la mujer y el impacto en la reducción de delitos contras las mujeres por razones de género. Se propone a su vez la intervención desde la política criminal para que desde un enfoque de género se logren estrategias eficaces para mejorar las condiciones de vida de las mujeres.
Cuando la sociedad civil habla, ¿los jueces escuchan?: análisis de las audiencias públicas ante el Tribunal Constitucional chileno y su impacto en las sentencias constitucionales
Authors: Busch Tania , Quezada Saldías Abraham Richard
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo analiza una década de audiencias públicas convocadas por el Tribunal Constitucional chileno, buscando determinar si su realización ha impactado en la argumentación de sus sentencias constitucionales. La pregunta es si su realización enriquece la deliberación y democratiza la interpretación constitucional, como se señala desde la teoría. Se expone el tratamiento teórico de la institución, con especial énfasis en las experiencias comparadas latinoamericanas. Luego se analizan las sentencias que resuelven casos en que se ha convocado a audiencias, con el objeto de identificar qué criterios utiliza el tribunal para convocar a dichas audiencias, si es que se hace referencia a éstas en la argumentación de los fallos, y de ser así, con qué rol argumentativo se las alude. El trabajo concluye que la información y argumentos que la sociedad civil aporta en las audiencias públicas son subutilizados en el proceso de argumentación de las sentencias judiciales, y que el potencial deliberativo y democratizador de la institución respecto de los procesos de control de constitucionalidad, no se despliega en la práctica.
Purgatory: The Ideal of Purifying Suffering
Authors: Boland Tom , Griffin Ray
Published: January 2022

Social welfare policy, particularly activation policy and especially welfare conditionality with behavioural sanctions attempts to reform and transform the unemployed, making them work-ready, re-training them and governing their jobseeking. Not only is the effectiveness of these policies questionable, their cultural assumptions about work, reform and suffering are problematic. In this chapter, we argue that a purgatorial logic underlies activation policy, from the workhouse through to contemporary jobcentres, the idea is that individuals are responsible for their own unemployment, and that imposing harsher conditions, threats and punishments will serve a purifying and edifying purpose. Tracing the idea of purgatory through medieval theology to its widespread cultural resonance in early modern Europe, we suggest that the Protestant rejection of purgatory as a theological concept also marks its transference into governmental social policy, particularly in welfare and workfare – as demonstrated through an analysis of Bentham’s Pauper Management, contemporary policy, and the voices of the unemployed. This historicisation also attends to alternative to punitive policies within our culture, particularly charity and forgiveness, the impulse to alleviate suffering, which exist in tension with the current impulse to reform the unemployed.
Curriculum Vitae: Confessions of Faith in the Labour Market
Authors: Boland Tom , Griffin Ray
Published: January 2022

Typically the CV is criticised as self-aggrandisement or the commodification of the self for the market. Building on emergent research on jobseeking, both off and on-line, this chapter examines CV advice books and the interface of LinkedIn as a networked platform. Moreover the CV is explored here as a confession of the self; not just as a profession of faith in the self and the market, but as a process of self-scrutiny and reflection which avows unemployment as a personal fault. Following a longer history, the CV is an inheritor of the demand to ‘tell the truth about the self’ which is a transformative trial for the self, in a power relation, once with an abbot or priest, but now with a work coach. Furthermore, the audience of the CV is not always embodied, but distant – God or the Market is the judge of the worth of the person and the truth of their confession. Thus, the CV is not a neutral representation, but entices individuals to internalise the perspective of potential employers and the judgements of welfare officials.
Afterword
Authors: Boland Tom , Griffin Ray
Published: January 2022

Reflections on what the Covid-19 pandemic augurs for the future of welfare, where unprecedented economic pauses usher in temporary regimes of unconditional welfare. These demonstrate the possibility of alternatives to the endless pursuit of activation and reform, and that refraining from the pursuit of full-employment may be an ecological necessity for the future.
First-in-clinical application of a time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy system at 1064 nm using superconducting nanowire single photon detectors in a neuro intensive care unit
Authors: Poon Chien-Sing , Langri Dharminder S. , Rinehart Benjamin , Rambo Timothy M. , Miller Aaron J. , Foreman Brandon , Sunar Ulas
Published: January 2022

Recently proposed time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TG-DCS) has significant advantages compared to conventional continuous wave (CW)-DCS, but it is still in an early stage and clinical capability has yet to be established. The main challenge for TG-DCS is the lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when gating for the deeper traveling late photons. Longer wavelengths, such as 1064 nm have a smaller effective attenuation coefficient and a higher power threshold in humans, which significantly increases the SNR. Here, we demonstrate the clinical utility of TG-DCS at 1064 nm in a case study on a patient with severe traumatic brain injury admitted to the neuro-intensive care unit (neuroICU). We showed a significant correlation between TG-DCS early (ρ = 0.67) and late (ρ = 0.76) gated against invasive thermal diffusion flowmetry. We also analyzed TG-DCS at high temporal resolution (50 Hz) to elucidate pulsatile flow data. Overall, this study demonstrates the first clinical translation capability of the TG-DCS system at 1064 nm using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector.
Self-rotating beam in the free space propagation
Authors: Niu Kai , Zhao Shangdong , Liu Yu , Tao Shaohua , Wang Fuliang
Published: January 2022

We introduce a class of self-rotating beams whose intensity profile tends to self-rotate and self-bend in the free space propagation. The feature of the self-rotating beams is acceleration in the three-dimensional (3D) space. The acceleration dynamics of the self-rotating beams is controllable. Furthermore, multiple self-rotating beams can be generated by a combined diffractive optical element (DOE) simultaneously. Such a beam can be viewed as evolution of a vortex beam by changing the exponential constant of phase. We have generated this beam successfully in the experiment and observed the expected phenomenon, which is basically consistent with the result of the numerical simulation. Our results may provide new insight into the self-rotating beam and extend potential applications in optical imaging.
On-chip trapping and sorting of nanoparticles using a single slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity
Authors: Wang Jinzhi , Wang Chao , Han Zhe , Tian Huiping
Published: January 2022

In this work, we propose a slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) to trap and sort the 120 nm and 30 nm nanoparticles. The simulation shows that the maximum optical trapping force of the 120 nm particle is 38.7 pN/mW, and that of the 30 nm particle is 10.8 pN/mW. It is calculated that the trapping threshold power of the 120 nm particle is 35.3 µW, and that of the 30 nm particle is 41.6 µW. Because the width of the slot is 100 nm, when the input power is between 35.3 µW and 41.6 µW, only the 120 nm particle can be trapped in the upper cladding of the slotted-PCNC. When the input power is greater than 41.6 µW, the 120 nm particle is still trapped in the upper cladding of the slotted-PCNC, while the 30 nm particle is trapped inside the slot of the slotted-PCNC. By properly controlling the input power and the direction of flow in the microfluidic channel, the sorting of particles can be achieved. In addition, trapping of the particles causes different redshifts of peak wavelengths. Thus, the proposed slotted-PCNC can detect particle trapping and sorting by monitoring the resonant wavelength shifts. What is the most important, compared with previous reported single particle trapping work, is that the proposed work can realize both trapping and sorting. Therefore, provided with the ultra-compact footprint and excellent performance, the proposed slotted-PCNC shows great potential for a multifunctional lab-on-a-chip system.
Clamping-force induced birefringence in a single-mode fiber in commercial V-grooves investigated with distributed polarization analysis
Authors: Feng Ting , Miao Tiantian , Lu Ziyi , Yao X. Steve
Published: January 2022

V-grooves are critical components for attaching fiber pigtails to photonics integrated circuits and for holding fibers in optical devices. Improper choice of V-groove angles and clamping method may cause large birefringence in the fibers and degrade polarization related performance of the devices. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the clamping-force induced birefringence of a single-mode (SM) fiber clamped in a V-groove by a flat-lid or by two identical V-grooves, respectively. We build a distributed polarization analyzer with complete Muller matrix analysis capability, which enables us to accurately measure local birefringence values in the fiber induced by clamped V-grooves of different angles. We find that for a SM fiber clamped in a commercial V-groove made with ZrO2 or SiO2 by a flat-lid, the zero-birefringence (ZB) angle is almost exactly 60°, suggesting that the friction coefficient in the V-groove can be safely ignored. In contrast, previous studies either indicated that the ZB V-groove angles clamped by a flat-lid never existed or significantly deviated from 60° due to the friction coefficient. More importantly, we also find, for the first time, both theoretically and experimentally, that a SM fiber clamped by two identical commercial V-grooves has a ZB when the V-groove angle is 90°. The methods and results reported in this paper shall prove beneficial for the fiber optic component industry to optimize polarization related performances of devices for sensing, communication, and instrumentation applications.
Effect of Ga1−xInxAs1−yPy Al-free asymmetric barrier on GaAs-based 808-nm laser diode
Authors: Xu Zhang , Dong Hailiang , Gang Jia Zhi , Qin Zhang Ai , Jian Liang , Yong Wang Zhi , She Xu Bing
Published: January 2022

A GaInAsP/GaAs/GaAsP Al-free laser with asymmetric potential barriers is designed theoretically to prevent carrier leakage. The band alignment demonstrates that a high height of the potential barrier decreases the leakage current. The internal quantum efficiency increases by increasing the injection efficiency, which is attributed to the decreasing electron potential barrier heights. Moreover, the threshold current and operating voltage decrease by adopting a novel barrier so that the output power and power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase. When the injection current is 5 kA/cm2, the PCE is 77.82% and the output power is 13.21 W. The physical mechanism of potential barrier heights affecting carrier transport is investigated, which will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing laser diodes.
Passively Q-switched and Q-switched mode-locked Nd:Lu0.15Y0.85VO4 lasers at 1.34 µm with a nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide saturable absorber
Authors: Cai Enlin , Xu Jianyi , Liu Yan , Zhang Shuaiyi , Fan Xiaoyan , Wang Maorong , Lou Fei , Lv Hao , Wang Xia , Li Tao
Published: January 2022

A nickel-cobalt (NiCo) layered double hydroxide (LDH) saturable absorber (SA) was successfully fabricated and utilized as a passively mode-locked (PML) laser modulator for the first time. We successfully investigated a 1.34 µm passively Q-switched (PQS) and Q-switched mode-locked (QML) laser operation of Nd:Lu0.15Y0.85VO4 mixed crystal with NiCo-LDH SA, respectively. A stable pulse sequence with a narrowest pulse width of 52 ns and a repetition frequency of 1.18 MHz was obtained, leading to a single pulse energy of 0.72 µJ. Furthermore, for the QML laser operation, an average power of 1.10 W and a calculated pulse width of 25 ps were gained with a repetition frequency of 134 MHz. The results indicate the NiCo-LDH SA has remarkable nonlinear optical properties and promising application prospects in the field of laser modulators at 1.3 µm.
Dual-wavelength self-Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers based on Nd:LGGG cladding waveguides
Authors: Wang Shixiang , Liu Hongliang , Mu Wenxiang , Ren Yingying , Jia Zhitai , Fu Xiuwei , Sun Xiaoli , Jia Yuechen
Published: January 2022

We report a self-Q-switched mode-locked Nd:LGGG waveguide laser with tunable dual-wavelength emission fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW). The waveguide laser delivers pulses with a minimum temporal duration of approximately 30 ps at a fundamental repetition rate of up to 8.03 GHz, without using any modulation element. The maximum output power is determined to be 226 mW with a slope efficiency of 25.38%. This work indicates the promising applications of waveguide lasers based on mixed crystals for integrated optics.
Deterministic distribution of orbital angular momentum multiplexed continuous-variable entanglement and quantum steering
Authors: Zeng Li , Ma Rong , Wen Hong , Wang Meihong , Liu Jun , Qin Zhongzhong , Su Xiaolong
Published: January 2022

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing provides an efficient method to improve data-carrying capacity in various quantum communication protocols. It is a precondition to distribute OAM multiplexed quantum resources in quantum channels for implementing quantum communication. However, quantum steering of OAM multiplexed optical fields and the effect of channel noise on OAM multiplexed quantum resources remain unclear. Here, we generate OAM multiplexed continuous-variable (CV) entangled states and distribute them in lossy or noisy channels. We show that the decoherence property of entanglement and quantum steering of the OAM multiplexed states carrying topological charges

l
=
1

and

l
=
2

are the same as that of the Gaussian mode with

l
=
0

in lossy and noisy channels. The sudden death of entanglement and quantum steering of high-order OAM multiplexed states is observed in the presence of excess noise. Our results demonstrate the feasibility to realize high data-carrying capacity quantum information processing by utilizing OAM multiplexed CV entangled states.
A high-throughput method to deliver targeted optogenetic stimulation to moving C. elegans populations
Authors: Liu Mochi , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Anuj K. , Leifer Andrew M.
Published: January 2022

We present a high-throughput optogenetic illumination system capable of simultaneous closed-loop light delivery to specified targets in populations of moving Caenorhabditis elegans. The instrument addresses three technical challenges: It delivers targeted illumination to specified regions of the animal’s body such as its head or tail; it automatically delivers stimuli triggered upon the animal’s behavior; and it achieves high throughput by targeting many animals simultaneously. The instrument was used to optogenetically probe the animal’s behavioral response to competing mechanosensory stimuli in the the anterior and posterior gentle touch receptor neurons. Responses to more than 43,418 stimulus events from a range of anterior–posterior intensity combinations were measured. The animal’s probability of sprinting forward in response to a mechanosensory stimulus depended on both the anterior and posterior stimulation intensity, while the probability of reversing depended primarily on the anterior stimulation intensity. We also probed the animal’s response to mechanosensory stimulation during the onset of turning, a relatively rare behavioral event, by delivering stimuli automatically when the animal began to turn. Using this closed-loop approach, over 9,700 stimulus events were delivered during turning onset at a rate of 9.2 events per worm hour, a greater than 25-fold increase in throughput compared to previous investigations. These measurements validate with greater statistical power previous findings that turning acts to gate mechanosensory evoked reversals. Compared to previous approaches, the current system offers targeted optogenetic stimulation to specific body regions or behaviors with many fold increases in throughput to better constrain quantitative models of sensorimotor processing.
Efficient and error-free fluorescent gene tagging in human organoids without double-strand DNA cleavage
Authors: Bollen Yannik , Hageman Joris H. , van Leenen Petra , Derks Lucca L. M. , Ponsioen Bas , Buissant des Amorie Julian R. , Verlaan-Klink Ingrid , van den Bos Myrna , Terstappen Leon W. M. M. , van Boxtel Ruben , Snippert Hugo J. G.
Published: January 2022

CRISPR-associated nucleases are powerful tools for precise genome editing of model systems, including human organoids. Current methods describing fluorescent gene tagging in organoids rely on the generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to stimulate homology-directed repair (HDR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated integration of the desired knock-in. A major downside associated with DSB-mediated genome editing is the required clonal selection and expansion of candidate organoids to verify the genomic integrity of the targeted locus and to confirm the absence of off-target indels. By contrast, concurrent nicking of the genomic locus and targeting vector, known as in-trans paired nicking (ITPN), stimulates efficient HDR-mediated genome editing to generate large knock-ins without introducing DSBs. Here, we show that ITPN allows for fast, highly efficient, and indel-free fluorescent gene tagging in human normal and cancer organoids. Highlighting the ease and efficiency of ITPN, we generate triple fluorescent knock-in organoids where 3 genomic loci were simultaneously modified in a single round of targeting. In addition, we generated model systems with allele-specific readouts by differentially modifying maternal and paternal alleles in one step. ITPN using our palette of targeting vectors, publicly available from Addgene, is ideally suited for generating error-free heterozygous knock-ins in human organoids.
Traveling waves in the prefrontal cortex during working memory
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayak , Brincat Scott L. , Lundqvist Mikael , Miller Earl K.
Published: January 2022

Neural oscillations are evident across cortex but their spatial structure is not well- explored. Are oscillations stationary or do they form “traveling waves”, i.e., spatially organized patterns whose peaks and troughs move sequentially across cortex? Here, we show that oscillations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) organized as traveling waves in the theta (4-8Hz), alpha (8-12Hz) and beta (12-30Hz) bands. Some traveling waves were planar but most rotated. The waves were modulated during performance of a working memory task. During baseline conditions, waves flowed bidirectionally along a specific axis of orientation. Waves in different frequency bands could travel in different directions. During task performance, there was an increase in waves in one direction over the other, especially in the beta band.
The C. elegans TspanC8 tetraspanin TSP-14 exhibits isoform-specific localization and function
Authors: Liu Zhiyu , Shi Herong , Liu Jun
Published: January 2022

Tetraspanin proteins are a unique family of highly conserved four-pass transmembrane proteins in metazoans. While much is known about their biochemical properties, the in vivo functions and distribution patterns of different tetraspanin proteins are less understood. Previous studies have shown that two paralogous tetraspanins that belong to the TspanC8 subfamily, TSP-12 and TSP-14, function redundantly to promote both Notch signaling and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in C. elegans. TSP-14 has two isoforms, TSP-14A and TSP-14B, where TSP-14B has an additional 24 amino acids at its N-terminus compared to TSP-14A. By generating isoform specific knock-ins and knock-outs using CRISPR, we found that TSP-14A and TSP-14B share distinct as well as overlapping expression patterns and functions. While TSP-14A functions redundantly with TSP-12 to regulate body size and embryonic and vulva development, TSP-14B primarily functions redundantly with TSP-12 to regulate postembryonic mesoderm development. Importantly, TSP-14A and TSP-14B exhibit distinct subcellular localization patterns. TSP-14A is localized apically and on early and late endosomes. TSP-14B is localized to the basolateral cell membrane. We further identified a di-leucine motif within the N-terminal 24 amino acids of TSP-14B that serves as a basolateral membrane targeting sequence, and showed that the basolateral membrane localization of TSP-14B is important for its function. Our work highlights the diverse and intricate functions of TspanC8 tetraspanins in C. elegans, and demonstrates the importance of dissecting the functions of these important proteins in an intact living organism.
Community monitoring of coliform pollution in Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Moshi Happiness Anold , Shilla Daniel Abel , Kimirei Ismael Aaron , O’ Reilly Catherine , Clymans Wim , Bishop Isabel , Loiselle Steven Arthur
Published: January 2022

Conventional water quality monitoring has been done for decades in Lake Tanganyika, under different national and international programs. However, these projects utilized monitoring approaches, which were temporally limited, labour intensive and costly. This study examines the use of citizen science to monitor the dynamics of coliform concentrations in Lake Tanganyika as a complementary method to statutory and project-focused measurements. Persons in five coastal communities (Kibirizi, Ilagala, Karago, Ujiji and Gombe) were trained and monitored total coliforms, faecal coliforms and turbidity for one year on a monthly basis, in parallel with professional scientists. A standardized and calibrated Secchi tube was used at the same time to determine turbidity. Results indicate that total and faecal coliform concentrations determined by citizen scientists correlated well to those determined by professional scientists. Furthermore, citizen scientist-based turbidity values were shown to provide a potential indicator for high FC and TC concentrations. As a simple tiered approach to identify increased coliform loads, trained local citizen scientists could use low-cost turbidity measurements with follow up sampling and analysis for coliforms, to inform their communities and regulatory bodies of high risk conditions, as well as to validate local mitigation actions. By comparing the spatial and temporal dynamics of coliform concentrations to local conditions of infrastructure, population, precipitation and hydrology in the 15 sites (3 sites per community) over 12 months, potential drivers of coliform pollution in these communities were identified, largely related to precipitation dynamics and the land use.
Modelling the contribution of iodised salt in industrially processed foods to iodine intake in Macedonia
Authors: Milevska-Kostova Neda , Karanfilski Borislav , Knowles Jacky , Codling Karen , Lazarus John H.
Published: January 2022

Evidence from the 1950s showed that Macedonia was iodine deficient. After the introduction of mandatory universal salt iodisation, the country saw a steady increase in iodine intake and decline in goitre prevalence, earning iodine-deficiency free status in 2003. Iodine status assessments in 2007 and 2016 showed adequate iodine intake among school age children (median urinary iodine concentration of 241 μg/L and 236 μg/L respectively). Macedonia participated in piloting the Iodine Global Network Programme Guidance on the use of iodised salt in industrially processed foods to better understand potential iodised salt intake from processed foods. One objective of implementation was to identify the need, opportunities, and required actions to strengthen the processed food component of the national salt iodisation policy. Data from the 2017 Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey (HCES) was used to determine household salt consumption, to identify widely-consumed, salt-containing industrially processed foods, and estimate typical daily intake of these foods. Their estimated contribution to iodine intake was estimated based on their salt content and the percentage of food industry salt that is iodised. Although the study has limitations, including a relatively small selection of foods, the results indicate potential iodine intake from iodised household salt and iodised salt in the selected foods of nearly 300% of the Estimated Average Requirement and over 220% of the Recommended Nutrient Intake for adults. This was approximately 50% of the tolerable safe Upper Level for iodine intake. The study confirmed high daily salt intake (11.2 grams from household salt only). Successful salt reduction would be expected to reduce iodine intake, however, modelling with 10% and 30% reduction implied this is unlikely to put any population group at risk of deficiency. It is recommended that implementation of salt iodisation and salt reduction policies are harmonized, alongside continued regular iodine status monitoring for different population groups.
Identifying cow – level factors and farm characteristics associated with locomotion scores in dairy cows using cumulative link mixed models
Authors: Oehm Andreas W. , Merle Roswitha , Tautenhahn Annegret , Jensen K. Charlotte , Mueller Kerstin-Elisabeth , Feist Melanie , Zablotski Yury
Published: January 2022

Lameness is a tremendous problem in intensively managed dairy herds all over the world. It has been associated with considerable adverse effects on animal welfare and economic viability. The majority of studies have evaluated factors associated with gait disturbance by categorising cows into lame and non-lame. This procedure yet entails a loss of information and precision. In the present study, we extend the binomial response to five categories acknowledging the ordered categorical nature of locomotion assessments, which conserves a higher level of information. A cumulative link mixed modelling approach was used to identify factors associated with increasing locomotion scores. The analysis revealed that a low body condition, elevated somatic cell count, more severe hock lesions, increasing parity, absence of pasture access, and poor udder cleanliness were relevant variables associated with higher locomotion scores. Furthermore, distinct differences in the locomotion scores assigned were identified in regard to breed, observer, and season. Using locomotion scores rather than a dichotomised response variable uncovers more refined relationships between gait disturbances and associated factors. This will help to understand the intricate nature of gait disturbances in dairy cows more deeply.
Evaluation of critical data processing steps for reliable prediction of gene co-expression from large collections of RNA-seq data
Authors: Vandenbon Alexis
Published: January 2022

Motivation

Gene co-expression analysis is an attractive tool for leveraging enormous amounts of public RNA-seq datasets for the prediction of gene functions and regulatory mechanisms. However, the optimal data processing steps for the accurate prediction of gene co-expression from such large datasets remain unclear. Especially the importance of batch effect correction is understudied.

Results

We processed RNA-seq data of 68 human and 76 mouse cell types and tissues using 50 different workflows into 7,200 genome-wide gene co-expression networks. We then conducted a systematic analysis of the factors that result in high-quality co-expression predictions, focusing on normalization, batch effect correction, and measure of correlation. We confirmed the key importance of high sample counts for high-quality predictions. However, choosing a suitable normalization approach and applying batch effect correction can further improve the quality of co-expression estimates, equivalent to a >80% and >40% increase in samples. In larger datasets, batch effect removal was equivalent to a more than doubling of the sample size. Finally, Pearson correlation appears more suitable than Spearman correlation, except for smaller datasets.

Conclusion

A key point for accurate prediction of gene co-expression is the collection of many samples. However, paying attention to data normalization, batch effects, and the measure of correlation can significantly improve the quality of co-expression estimates.
Associations between pain and physical activity among older adults
Authors: Niederstrasser Nils Georg , Attridge Nina
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Chronic pain is a significant societal problem and pain complaints are one of the main causes of work absenteeism and emergency room visits. Physical activity has been associated with reduced risk of suffering from musculoskeletal pain complaints, but the exact relationship in an older adult sample is not known.

Methods

Participants self-reported their physical activity level and whether they were often troubled by bone, joint, or muscle pain. Logistic regression analyses revealed the nature of the relationship between musculoskeletal pain and physical activity cross-sectionally and longitudinally over the course of 10 years. Data were taken from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, comprising of 5802 individuals residing in England aged 50 or older.

Results

Only high levels of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of suffering from musculoskeletal pain compared to a sedentary lifestyle longitudinally. In addition, having low wealth, being female, and being overweight or obese were found to be risk factors for suffering from musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusions

The development of interventions aimed at alleviating and preventing musculoskeletal pain complaints might benefit from incorporating physical activity programs, weight loss, and aspects addressing wealth inequality to maximise their efficacy.
‘Faut que ça rappe!’: Musical revitalization, social healing and the politics of performance in the Gabonese rap world (2009–20)
Authors: Aterianus-Owanga Alice
Published: January 2022

The aim of this article is to contribute to our understanding of how local rap worlds evolve by describing the successive processes of the decline and revitalization of rap music in Gabon between 2009 and 2020, and by questioning the technologies and mediations employed for that purpose. This article considers how these transformations overlap with a history of complex relationships between music and politics, arguing that the revitalization of the rap world was related to a broader attempt at social healing and reconciliation after a violent political conflict. It stems from a long-term ethnography study conducted in Libreville and the Gabonese diaspora from 2008 to 2016 and on the analysis of two recent rap projects launched in Libreville: ‘Bwiti Gang Cypher’ and ‘Catalogue Challenge’. Through the analysis of these two performances, I highlight how the attempt at revitalization was relying on a complex mix of mediations and technologies, including original hip hop conventions and local healing rituals and how it has allowed for the transformation of divisive conflicts into a cathartic moment of collective listening. This article finally proves the double dimension of musical revitalization, one where music rebirth and social healing overlap, and it shows how the embeddedness of music and politics can be permanently transformed through the agency of social actors who develop a creative play between different technologies and mediations.
Hip Hop Versus Rap: The Politics of Droppin’ Knowledge, Patrick Turner (2019)
Authors: Bearder Pete
Published: January 2022

Review of: Hip Hop Versus Rap: The Politics of Droppin’ Knowledge, Patrick Turner (2019)

London: Routledge, 176 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-36737-112-8, p/bk, £36.99
Synbiotic goat milk kefir improves health status in rats fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet
Authors: Nurliyani Nurliyani , Harmayani Eni , Sunarti Sunarti
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Kefir, a natural probiotic containing bacteria and yeast, is a fermented milk product, whereas glucomannan from porang tuber (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is prebiotic in vivo. Simvastatin is a potent lipid-lowering statin that can be utilized for pharmacological therapy in obesity. This study aimed to determine the effect of goat milk kefir supplemented with porang glucomannan (synbiotic kefir) and goat milk kefir without glucomannan (probiotic kefir) on blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), free fatty acids (FFAs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and insulin-producing cells in rats fed a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet.

Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five dietary groups: (1) Normal control, (2) rats fed HFHF, (3) rats fed HFHF+probiotic kefir, (4) rats fed HFHF+synbiotic kefir, and (5) rats fed HFHF+simvastatin. All of these treatments were administered for 4 weeks.

Results: There were no significant differences in plasma glucose levels in HFHF diet-fed rats before and after treatment. However, plasma HbA1c and TNF-α decreased, and FFAs were inhibited in rats after treatment with synbiotic kefir. Synbiotic kefir decreased the gene expression of PPARγ2 in HFHF diet-fed rats but did not affect the total number of islets of Langerhans and insulin-producing cells.

Conclusion: Synbiotic kefir improved the health of rats fed an HFHF diet by decreasing HbA1c, TNF-α, and PPARγ2 gene expression and preventing an increase in FFAs.
„Nálunk a férfi az első!” Társadalmi nemi ideológiák gábor roma közösségekben
Authors: Szalai Andrea
Published: January 2022

A tanulmány a társadalmi különbségtétel egy fontos dimenziójának, a társadalmi nemek viszonyának néhány aspektusát vizsgálja erdélyi gábor roma közösségekben. Bemutatja, hogy a leszármazás és a rokonság számontartásában és a társadalmi emlékezet szerveződésében is domináns férficentrikusság hogyan járul hozzá a férfiak és nők viszonyát gyakran aszimmetrikus relációként megjelenítő gender-ideológia fenntartásához, legitimálásához. Elemzi, hogyan alkotják és jelenítik meg ezt a társadalmi nemi rendet különféle társadalmi és nyelvi gyakorlatokban. Bemutatja a testképpel, a tisztasággal/tisztátalansággal kapcsolatos kulturális elképzeléseket, különös tekintettel azok interakciós aspektusaira. A társadalmi nemileg differenciált nyelvi tabukkal és a társalgási jóvátevéssel kapcsolatos moralizáló diszkurzusokat elemezve rámutat a társadalmi nemi és nyelvi ideológiák összefüggésére és szerepére a morális rend létrehozásában és újratermelésében.
O modus vivendi na política rio-grandense: Uma análise das negociações iniciais que resultaram no pacto de 17 de janeiro de 1936
Authors: Lapuente Rafael Saraiva
Published: January 2022

Este artigo analisa o início do processo de pacificação da política rio-grandense, entre o final de 1934 até o início de 1935. Buscamos compreender como o bloco oposicionista, representado na Frente Única Gaúcha, e o governador Flores da Cunha, do PRL, passaram a costurar as divergências surgidas na Guerra Civil de 1932 e no exílio da FUG, passando a negociar aquilo que seria conhecido, em 1936, como modus vivendi. No entanto, o objetivo deste texto é procurar conhecer o que chamamos de primeira etapa deste processo. Isto é, analisar os primeiros diálogos em torno da pacificação da política regional. Para isso, analisamos trocas de telegramas presentes em arquivos particulares, notícias veiculadas na imprensa da época e dialogamos com a bibliografia já existente que aborda o tema.
Saberes científicos y regímenes violentos: confluencia de ideas, prácticas e intereses entre la psiquiatría alemana y el régimen nazi
Authors: Allevi José Ignacio
Published: January 2022

El artículo que sigue se interesa por el vínculo gestado entre el régimen nazi y la disciplina psiquiátrica alemana, con el objeto de poner en tensión ciertas prácticas y conceptualizaciones  suscitadas en la comunidad médica, las influencias culturales y racistas del espacio alemán en las mismas, así como su participación en los programas del nazismo en el poder. El objetivo central del trabajo es reconstruir, a partir de producciones historiográficas contemporáneas, un proceso descuidado, referido a las muertes que el Estado nazi perpetró sobre un conjunto extenso de sujetos calificados como peligros y degenerativos de la raza, entre los cuales se encontraban los mismos alemanes. Se propone, por otra parte, reafirmar una postura que entienda al ascenso del nazismo como un proceso complejo, atravesado fundamentalmente por factores culturales, intelectuales y socio-económicos, entre los cuales la política resultó un medio para canalizarlos antes que una vía explicatoria. Para ello, en primer término desarrollaremos algunas líneas del panorama socio-político y cultural de la Alemania previa al ascenso del nazismo, para de esa manera poder concebir no sólo la posibilidad de ascenso del régimen, sino también la emergencia, desde principios de siglo, de corrientes intelectuales con un fuerte contenido racial en el pensamiento psiquiátrico, que luego resultaron afines y justificatorias del régimen. Avanzaremos, en segundo lugar, sobre las principales instancias en que dichos saberes científicamente legitimados se articularon con el Tercer Reich desde la academia, las corporaciones profesionales y el mundo industrial.
Colonos em Milão: A participação do Rio Grande do Sul na L'Esposizione Internazionale del Sempione (1906) e suas correlações com a imigração italiana
Authors: Balbinot Giovani , Tedesco João Carlos
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo analisa a participação do Rio Grande do Sul na L'Esposizione Internazionale del Sempione, na Itália em 1906. Buscamos compreender os motivos que levaram o governo de Borges de Medeiros a empreender dispendiosos gastos na instalação de uma galeria de exibição rio-grandense, único estado do Brasil a participar do evento. Concluímos que o governo borgista buscava com a exposição tanto a divulgação das condições econômicas, sociais e políticas dos imigrantes italianos instalados no Estado, quanto o cancelamento do Decreto Prinetti, com o objetivo final de promover o incremento do fluxo de imigrantes para o Rio Grande do Sul que, nesta década, era preterido em favor dos Estados Unidos e a Argentina.
Saúde Mental e Aquilombamento: Diálogos entre a Psicologia Africana e a Psicologia Corporal / Mental Health and Aquilombamento: Dialogues between African Psychology and Body Psychology
Authors: Barros Naiady Miranda , Francisco Maria Cristina
Published: January 2022

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o relato de experiência do Grupo Umoja, grupo terapêutico voltado para pessoas negras de organizações comunitárias, que teve como objetivo proporcionar espaços de cuidados em saúde mental que contribuíssem com os processos de libertação, união e cura do povo preto. O Grupo aconteceu na modalidade online, com participantes entre 20 e 75 anos, tendo como base a visão de ser humano partilhada pela psicologia africana, que envolve conceitos de respiração e energia vital, integrada com o grounding proposto pela Análise Bioenergética, fundamental na reconexão do sujeito consigo mesmo e sua história. O desenvolvimento do grupo baseou-se em atividades de respiração, práticas corporais e auto expressão através da oralidade. Esse artigo, por fim, apresenta construção de aquilombamento desenvolvido através dos cuidados em saúde mental do povo preto, que buscaram incentivar processos de cura e liberdade.
The meaning of the disability rights movement for the professional field of social pedagogy in Iceland
Authors: Jóhannsdóttir Vilborg , Haraldsdóttir Freyja
Published: January 2022

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) is a landmark for the international disabled people’s independent living movement (ILM). The ILM has been a platform and a tool to resist the traditional medicalisation of disability by calling for a broader understanding where independence is no longer seen as the opposite of needing assistance. The field of social pedagogy in Iceland has evolved parallel with the paradigm shift grounded in the UNCRPD that replaces the medical model with the social and human rights models of disability. The aim of this article is to explore and interpret social pedagogues’ and disabled people’s perspectives on how the human rights principles and values embedded in the UNCRPD and independent living (IL) ideology can best be put into practice, as well as to cast a light on existing barriers and challenges. This study draws on qualitative data from two sources; the participants provided texts from a semi-structured questionnaire and public accounts written by disabled people. We utilise the five summarising principles of cultural-historical activity theory to further analyse and interpret the data. The contradictions drawn out of the findings show conflicts and structural tensions that have accumulated historically due to the massive legislative and policy shifts in disability services in past decades. The findings also indicate the need for a reconceptualisation of the object and the motive of the activity, i.e. disability-related social services, in order to embrace the principles, values and recommended practices grounded in the UNCRPD and the IL ideology.
Integrity Reinforcement Management in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN) 2 Tasikmalaya
Authors: Nuraeni Wiwin
Published: January 2022

Integrity is one character instilled into the participants of Character Education Reinforcement (Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter-PPK) policies, as mentioned in the Government Regulation Number 87 of 2017. The research revealed integrity reinforcement management in MTsN 2 Tasikmalaya. The present study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, interview, and documentation to collect the data. The results showed that the management of integrity character education in MTsN included several activities. (1) Planning, conducted by the stakeholder representatives to discuss the intra-curricular activities (learning), co-curricular (enrichment), extracurricular, and counseling. (2) Organizing, conducted by the principal, committee, teachers, and staff of the madrasah. (3) Implementing the activities, treating the civic education subject as the leading sector for implementing integrity reinforcement. (4) Monitoring by the principal, vice-principal in charge of the students, and civic education and counseling teachers. The management success was supported by the surrounding environments of the madrasah, teachers, and staff (internal) and parents and society (external). Meanwhile, the program faced some obstacles from the social media and the social environment of the learners. The findings imply the need for good cooperation between the madrasah, parents, and society. Monitoring the social media and the social interaction among learners become the concerns of the stakeholders.
THE EDUCATION FUNCTION OF EFFECTIVENESS ON LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR, SCHOOL CLIMATE, AND TEACHER PERFORMANCE
Authors: Pristyowati Delita , Rahayu Sri , Wahidmurni Wahidmurni , Supriyanto Achmad Sani
Published: January 2022

The cause of the decrease quality of education is the problem of school effectiveness. This study examines the variable model of school effectiveness on leadership behavior, school environment climate, and teacher performance. The research approach uses quantitative and correlational types. The population of this research is the teachers of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri in Malang City. The sampling technique is a saturated sample or census. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Questionnaire statements assess on a Likert scale. Validity compares with calculated r-value with r table for Degree of Freedom (df) = n-k at Alpha 0.05. The reliability test carries with using the Cronbach Alpha test. Data analysis uses Partial Least Square (PLS) to analyze Outer Model and Inner Model data along with Bootstrapping. In the research findings, leadership behavior has a significant effect on teacher performance, and school climate has no impact on teacher performance. Principal leadership behavior and teacher performance affect the effectiveness of madrasas. Another finding is that an indirect effect between leadership behavior through teacher performance. There is no direct influence between school climate through teacher performance. School effectiveness is determined by teacher performance.
PRACTISING CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT IN ISLAMIC SCHOOL
Authors: Yulianto Edi , Fitri Agus Zaenul
Published: January 2022

Chongraksat Wittaya School Pattani, Thailand, is one of the most prominent Islamic schools in Pattani, Southern Thailand. This school has a dualism of management, including the applied curriculum, namely the religious and academic curriculum. Although the Thai kingdom regulates these two curricula, schools can adapt to their needs for religious curricula. This article examines the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the curriculum at Chongraksat Wittaya School Pattani, Thailand. It uses a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach with data collecting from interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. Then, data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, model data, and conclusions. The results showed that the Chongraksat Wittaya school implemented an integrated curriculum, namely the religious curriculum (Sassanah), which contained Dirasah Islamiyah, and the academic curriculum (Saman) included general subject matter. This school has regular classes and special classes. Curriculum planning is carried out together with Village Experts at the beginning of each semester. The curriculum is implemented with 40% of the religious curriculum (Sassanah) and 60% of the academic curriculum (Saman). Evaluation is carried out by briefings, daily meetings, early semester meetings, and annual meetings. Student learning is in the form of numeric and descriptive. The evaluation of the model uses the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) model.