bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative review of non‐pharmacological intervention and multidimensional evaluation for intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Lim Kyuhee , Jung Sooah , Kim Heejung
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Patients under spinal anaesthesia experience high levels of anxiety during surgery. Clinical nurses tried to manage patient's anxiety under spinal anaesthesia using non‐pharmacological interventions for its benefit. Thus, it is required to identify comprehensive evidences of various non‐pharmacological interventions and of how to measure anxiety under spinal anaesthesia.

Aims

This study aims to review current research on the non‐pharmacological interventions to relieve intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia and to identify subjective and objective measures of intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia.

Methods

Wittemore and Knafl's integrative review methodology was used. Researchers conducted five scientific rigor steps; problem identification, searching literature, evaluation of literature, analysis of literature and presentation of results. The PRISMA checklist was used. To evaluate the level of evidence, critical appraisal tools of Joanna Briggs Institute were used.

Results

Eleven studies were included in this integrative review. Delivering music is the most frequently used as non‐pharmacological intervention by researchers. They tried to manage intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia with using diverse genre and application of music. In addition, dry cupping method, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) exercise and virtual reality (VR) goggles were used in included studies. Researchers measured intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia with objective or subjective way. The State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and visual analogue scale were used as subjective method to approach intraoperative anxiety. In contrary, researchers tried to obtain objective evidence of intraoperative anxiety with vital signs, cortisol, blood glucose, alpha‐amylase and adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Conclusion

Various types of non‐pharmacological interventions are effective to manage patient's intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia. It is recommended to measure intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia with using both objective and subjective methods.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Clinical nurses can use non‐pharmacological interventions to manage intraoperative anxiety under spinal anaesthesia by comprehensive monitoring with diverse measures.
LSD3 mediates the oxidative stress response through fine‐tuning APX2 activity and the NF‐YC15‐GSTs module in cassava
Authors: Zeng Hongqiu , Xu Haoran , Wang Hao , Chen Hao , Wang Guanqi , Bai Yujing , Wei Yunxie , Shi Haitao
Published: March 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction leads to oxidative damage under almost all stress conditions. Lesion‐Simulating Disease (LSD), a zinc finger protein, is an important negative regulator of ROS accumulation and cell death in plants. However, the in vivo role of LSD in cassava (Manihot esculenta) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that MeLSD3 is essential for the oxidative stress response in cassava. MeLSD3 physically interacted with ascorbate peroxidase 2 (MeAPX2), thereby promoting its enzymatic activity. In addition, MeLSD3 also interacted with the nuclear factor YC15 (MeNF‐YC15), which also interacted with nuclear factor YA2/4 (MeNF‐YA2/4) and nuclear factor YB18 (MeNF‐YB18) to form an MeNF‐YC15–MeNF‐YA2/4–MeNF‐YB18 complex. Notably, MeLSD3 positively modulated the transcriptional activation of the MeNF‐YC15–MeNF‐YA2/4–MeNF‐YB18 complex by interacting with the CCAAT boxes of the promoters of glutathione S‐transferases U37/U39 (MeGST‐U37/U39), activating their transcription. When one or both of MeLSD3 and the MeNF‐YC15–MeNF‐YA2/4–MeNF‐YB18 complex were co‐silenced, cassava showed decreased oxidative stress resistance, while overexpression of MeGST‐U37/U39 alleviated the oxidative stress‐sensitive phenotype of these silenced plants. This study illustrates the dual roles of MeLSD3 in promoting MeAPX2 activity and MeNF‐YC15–MeGST‐U37/U39 regulation, which underlie the oxidative stress response in cassava.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: March 2022

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 2 John Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceMuhammad Haris Effendi-Hasibuan, Universitas Jambi, IndonesiaNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASarah Nabih Nasif, October University, EgyptSenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, Turkey  Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Consumo estatutario y desigualdad económica
Authors: Velandia-Morales Andrea , Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa , Martínez Rocío
Published: March 2022

La desigualdad económica provoca múltiples consecuencias psicosociales. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar la relación entre la desigualdad económica objetiva (GINI) y percibida (PDE) con el consumo estatutario, el materialismo y el endeudamiento. Además, se analiza la búsqueda de estatus como posible mediador entre la desigualdad (objetiva/percibida) y el consumo estatutario, así como se explora el rol de la percepción de justicia en la distribución de recursos en esta relación. Se utiliza un diseño ex-post-facto retrospectivo de medidas múltiples. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado en dos contextos diferentes: Colombia (N= 217) y España (N=119). Los resultados mostraron que la relación entre la desigualdad objetiva y la preferencia por productos estatutarios, está mediada por la búsqueda de estatus (B = 0.10, SE = 0.03, 95 % IC = [0.0441, 0.1683]) y moderada por la percepción de justicia en la distribución de recursos (B = -0.25, SE = 0.10, t(322) = -2.49, p < 0.005). Estos resultados muestran cómo las preferencias de consumo están influenciadas no solo por variables psicológicas, sino también por variables ideológicas y económicas de carácter estructural, siendo importante manipular la desigualdad económica en diferentes escenarios para analizar si los resultados se mantienen a nivel causal.
Using robots to advance clinical translation in neurorehabilitation
Authors: Chiappalone Michela , Semprini Marianna
Published: March 2022

A preclinical robotic platform aids rehabilitation, therapy development, and assessment of recovery for upper limb impairments.
Robotic assistive technologies get more personal
Authors: Matsiko Amos
Published: March 2022

Personalized and adaptive control systems can improve the efficacy of assistive technologies in rehabilitation.
The Murine Neuronal Receptor NgR1 Is Dispensable for Reovirus Pathogenesis
Authors: Aravamudhan Pavithra , Guzman-Cardozo Camila , Urbanek Kelly , Welsh Olivia L. , Konopka-Anstadt Jennifer L. , Sutherland Danica M. , Dermody Terence S.
Published: March 2022

Viruses engage diverse molecules on host cell surfaces to navigate barriers, gain cell entry, and establish infection. Despite discovery of several reovirus receptors, host factors responsible for reovirus neurotropism are unknown.
Supplemental Material: Large-scale, crustal-block vertical extrusion between the Hines Creek and Denali faults coeval with slip localization on the Denali fault since ca. 45 Ma: Hayes Range, Alaska, USA
Authors: Benowitz J.A. , al. et
Published: March 2022

Includes new and legacy geochronology and thermochronology data. Analytical and thermal modeling details and methods are also included.
Metagenomics: A New Direction in Ecology
Authors: Vecherskii M. V. , Semenov M. V. , Lisenkova A. A. , Stepankov A. A.
Published: March 2022

The prospects for application of metagenomic technologies in environmental studies are discussed. The advantages in investigating the taxonomic composition of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as examples of trophic and phoric relationships found in ecosystems using the metagenomic approach, are described. The capabilities of metagenomics to study prokaryotic communities in complicated environments such as soils or animal intestines are shown. The role of relic DNA in the metagenome and the possibilities to study ancient organisms are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the criticism of metagenomic technologies related to the low reproducibility of the sequencing data. Common methodological mistakes in bioinformatics processing of metagenomic data leading to misleading results are considered.
National experience in the first two years of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical screening in an HPV vaccinated population in Australia: observational study
Authors: Smith Megan A , Sherrah Maddison , Sultana Farhana , Castle Philip E , Arbyn Marc , Gertig Dorota , Caruana Michael , Wrede C David , Saville Marion , Canfell Karen
Published: March 2022

Objective

To review the first two years of the primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical screening programme in an HPV vaccinated population.

Design

Observational study.

Setting

Australia.

Participants

3 745 318 women with a primary HPV test between 1 December 2017 and 31 December 2019; most women aged <40 years had previously been offered vaccination against HPV16 and HPV18.

Interventions

Primary HPV screening with referral if HPV16 or HPV18 (HPV16/18) positive and triage with liquid based cytology testing (threshold atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) for women who were positive for high risk HPV types other than 16/18. A 12 month follow-up HPV test was recommended in triaged women with a negative or low grade cytology result, with referral if they tested positive for any high risk HPV type at follow-up.

Main outcome measures

Proportion of women who had attended for their first HPV screening test, tested positive, and were referred for colposcopy; and short term risk of detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse, CIN grade 3 or worse, or cancer.

Results

54.6% (n=3 507 281) of an estimated 6 428 677 eligible women aged 25-69 had undergone their first HPV test by the end of 2019. Among those attending for routine screening, positivity for HPV16/18 and for HPV types not 16/18 was, respectively, 2.0% and 6.6% in women aged 25-69 (n=3 045 844) and 2.2% and 13.3% in highly vaccinated cohorts of women aged 25-34 (n=768 362). Colposcopy referral (ages 25-69 years) was 3.5%, increasing to an estimated 6.2% after accounting for women who had not yet had a 12 month repeat test. Cervical cancer was detected in 0.98% (456/46 330) of women positive for HPV16/18 at baseline, including 0.32% (89/28 003) of women with HPV16/18 and negative cytology. Women with HPV types not 16/18 and negative or low grade cytology at both baseline and 12 months were at low risk of serious disease (3.4% CIN grade 3 or worse; 0.02% cancer; n=20 019) but estimated to account for 62.0% of referrals for this screening algorithm.

Conclusions

Colposcopy referral thresholds need to consider underlying cancer risk; on this basis, women with HPV16/18 in the first round of HPV screening were found to be at higher risk regardless of cytology result, even in a previously well screened population. Women with HPV types not 16/18 and negative or low grade cytology showed a low risk of serious abnormalities but constitute most referrals and could be managed safely with two rounds of repeat HPV testing rather than one. HPV16/18 driven referrals were low in HPV vaccinated cohorts.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with rheumatic disease during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional case–control study in China
Authors: Wu Xin , Geng Xuqiang , Shang Zhilei , Wang Zhen , Lu Hongjuan , Ma Haiying , Liu Weizhi , Xu Huji
Published: March 2022

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a traumatic event, but a collective stressor unfolding over time, causing devastating implications for the mental health. This study aimed to shed light on the mental health status of patients with rheumatic disease (RD) during the massive outbreak of COVID-19 in China, especially the prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with healthy individuals.

Methods

A total of 486 patients with RD and 486 age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited into the study. For each participant, we collected demographic and clinical characteristics data. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and four items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to investigate the prevalence and severity of PTSD and sleep quality, respectively.

Results

Compared with healthy control subjects (n=486), patients with RD (n=486) had a higher prevalence of PTSD (12.1% vs 4.1%; p<0.001). Higher total scores on the PCL-5 and on all four items from the PSQI (p≤0.001) were also observed. Female, old age, poor sleep quality, long duration of RD, poor subjective evaluation of the disease and pessimistic subjective perception of the epidemic were identified as risk factors of PTSD in patients with RD during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Conclusion

During the COVID-19 outbreak, patients with RD presented a higher prevalence and severity of PTSD and showed more sleep disturbances. Our findings confirm the importance of psychological assessment and mental healthcare out of regular clinical care for patients with RD during the pandemic.
Nervous system drugs taken by future fathers and birth defects in offspring: a prospective registry-based cohort study
Authors: Wensink Maarten , Lu Ying , Tian Lu , Jensen Tina Kold , Skakkebæk Niels Erik , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune , Eisenberg Michael
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the association of paternal intake of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and (benzo)diazepines during the development of fertilising sperm with birth defects in offspring.

Design

Prospective registry-based cohort study.

Setting

Total Danish birth cohort 1997–2016 using Danish national registries.

Participants

All 1 201 119 Danish liveborn singletons born 1997–2016 were eligible, 39 803 (3.3%) of whom had at least one major birth defect.

Exposure

Offspring were considered exposed if their father had filled at least one prescription in the relevant drug category during development of fertilising sperm (the 3 months prior to conception).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcome was the diagnosis, in the first year of life, of at least one major birth defect as categorised in the EUROCAT guidelines. Secondary outcome was the diagnosis, in the first year of life, of at least one major birth defect in any of the EUROCAT subcategories. Adjusted ORs (AORs) were calculated, along with their 95% CIs, adjusted for year, education, smoking status and age of the mother, and education, disposable income and age of the father.

Results

This study found weak or null associations between birth defects and selected drugs. Specifically, antidepressants (17 827 exposed births) gave 3.5% birth defects (AOR 0.97 (0.89 to 1.05)). Diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines and oxepines (as antipsychotics, 1633 offspring) gave 4.7% birth defects (AOR 1.22 (0.97 to 1.54)), attenuated to 1.13 when excluding by mothers’ prescriptions. The study was well powered assuming 100% therapy adherence, while assuming 50% therapy adherence, the study remained well powered for the largest groups (SSRIs and antidepressants overall).

Conclusions

Antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, SSRIs and benzodiazepine-derived anxiolytics, when taken by the father during development of fertilising sperm, are generally safe with regard to birth defects.
Trends in the shape of the income–mortality association in Sweden between 1995 and 2017: a repeated cross-sectional population register study
Authors: Rehnberg Johan , Östergren Olof , Fors Stefan , Fritzell Johan
Published: March 2022

Objective

We investigate recent trends in income inequalities in mortality and the shape of the association in Sweden. We consider all-cause, preventable and non-preventable mortality for three age groups (30–64, 65–79 and 80+ years).

Design and setting

Repeated cross-sectional design using Swedish total population register data.

Participants

All persons aged 30 years and older living in Sweden 1995–1996, 2005–2006 and 2016–2017 (n=8 084 620).

Methods

Rate differences and rate ratios for all-cause, preventable and non-preventable mortality were calculated per income decile and age group.

Results

From 1995 to 2017, relative inequalities in mortality by income increased in Sweden in the age groups 30–64 years and 65–79 years. Absolute inequalities increased in the age group 65–79 years. Among persons aged 80+ years, inequalities were small. The shape of the income–mortality association was curvilinear in the age group 30–64 years; the gradient was stronger below the fourth percentile. In the age group 65–79 years, the shape shifted from linear in 1995–1996 to a more curvilinear shape in 2016–2017. In the oldest age group (80+ years), varied shapes were observed. Inequalities were more pronounced in preventable mortality compared with non-preventable mortality. Income inequalities in preventable and non-preventable mortality increased at similar rates between 1995 and 2017.

Conclusions

The continued increase of relative (ages 30–79 years) and absolute (ages 65–79 years) mortality inequalities in Sweden should be a primary concern for public health policy. The uniform increase of inequalities in preventable and non-preventable mortality suggests that a more complex explanatory model than only social causation is responsible for increased health inequalities.
Did an introduction of CONSORT for abstracts guidelines improve reporting quality of randomised controlled trials’ abstracts onHelicobacter pyloriinfection? Observational study
Authors: Vrebalov Cindro Pavle , Bukic Josipa , Pranić Shelly , Leskur Dario , Rušić Doris , Šešelja Perišin Ana , Božić Joško , Vuković Jonatan , Modun Darko
Published: March 2022

Objective

To determine abstracts’ adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for Abstracts (CONSORT-A) statement and to explore the factors associated with reporting quality.

Design

An observational study.

Setting

Abstracts of randomised controlled trials published between 2010 and 2019, found searching the MEDLINE database.

Participants

A total of 451 abstracts of the clinical trialson Helicobacter pyloriinfections were included.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Abstracts’ reporting quality was determined by assessing their adherence to 17-item CONSORT-A checklist, with overall score being calculated as the sum of items that were adequately reported for each abstract. Additional factors that might influence the reporting quality of the abstracts were analysed, with univariate and multivariate linear regression used to determine how those factors influenced the overall reporting quality.

Results

Included abstracts had an overall median quality score of 8/17 (IQR 7–9). Large proportions of abstracts adequately reported interventions, participants, objectives, numbers randomised and conclusions (97.1, 99.3, 89.1. 94.7 and 98.4% of abstracts, respectively). Trial design, randomisation, blinding and funding were severely under-reported with only 8.0, 2.7, 11.0 and 2.0% of abstracts reporting each item. Overall quality scores forH. pyloriabstracts were higher in association with CONSORT-A endorsement (B=5.698; 95% CI 1.781 to 9.615), pharmacological interventions (B=4.063; 95% CI 0.224 to 7.902), multicentre settings (B=5.057; 95% CI 2.370 to 7.743), higher numbers of participants (B=3.607; 95% CI 1.272 to 5.942), hospital settings (B=4.827; 95% CI 1.753 to 7.901) and longer abstracts (B=3.878; 95% CI 0.787 to 6.969 for abstracts with 251–300 words and B=7.404; 95% CI 3.930 to 10.878 for abstracts with more than 300 words).

Conclusions

The overall reporting quality of abstracts was inadequate. The endorsement of CONSORT-A guidelines by more journals might improve the standards of reporting.
Use and diagnostic value of liver enzyme tests in the emergency department and subsequent heart failure diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vasti Elena , Tabas Jeffrey A , Hoffman Ari , Pletcher Mark
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To determine (1) if liver function tests (LFTs) are ordered in the emergency department (ED) in patients with suspected acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and (2) if the pattern of LFT abnormalities are meaningfully associated with a discharge diagnosis of ADHF among patients for whom these tests were ordered.

Setting

We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients with suspected ADHF who were seen in an academic tertiary ED using electronic medical records.

Participants

All ED patients admitted with suspected ADHF from January 2017 to May 2018, defined as any patient who had a brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ordered.

Primary outcome

The primary outcome was ADHF diagnosis at discharge.

Results

In 5323 ED patients with suspected ADHF, 60% (n=3184) had LFTs ordered; 34.6% were abnormal. Men comprised 56% of patients with abnormal LFTs and the average age was 67 years. The odds of a final diagnosis of ADHF in the univariate analysis was 59% higher in patients with abnormal LFTs (OR=1.59, (95% CI 1.35 to 1.87) p<0.001) and remained significant though attenuated after adjusting for BNP, race and ethnicity and age (ORadj=1.31 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.57), p=0.004). Likelihood ratios for abnormal and normal LFTs were 1.2 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.28) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.84), respectively.

Conclusions

A significant proportion (40%) of patients with suspected ADHF was missing LFTs in their ED workup. Among patients with LFTs, abnormal LFTs are associated with discharge diagnosis of ADHF after accounting for potential confounders, but their diagnostic value was relatively low. Future prospective studies are warranted to explore the role of LFTs in the workup of ADHF.
Applicability of predictive models for 30-day unplanned hospital readmission risk in paediatrics: a systematic review
Authors: Niehaus Ines Marina , Kansy Nina , Stock Stephanie , Dötsch Jörg , Müller Dirk
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To summarise multivariable predictive models for 30-day unplanned hospital readmissions (UHRs) in paediatrics, describe their performance and completeness in reporting, and determine their potential for application in practice.

Design

Systematic review.

Data source

CINAHL, Embase and PubMed up to 7 October 2021.

Eligibility criteria

English or German language studies aiming to develop or validate a multivariable predictive model for 30-day paediatric UHRs related to all-cause, surgical conditions or general medical conditions were included.

Data extraction and synthesis

Study characteristics, risk factors significant for predicting readmissions and information about performance measures (eg, c-statistic) were extracted. Reporting quality was addressed by the ‘Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis’ (TRIPOD) adherence form. The study quality was assessed by applying six domains of potential biases. Due to expected heterogeneity among the studies, the data were qualitatively synthesised.

Results

Based on 28 studies, 37 predictive models were identified, which could potentially be used for determining individual 30-day UHR risk in paediatrics. The number of study participants ranged from 190 children to 1.4 million encounters. The two most common significant risk factors were comorbidity and (postoperative) length of stay. 23 models showed a c-statistic above 0.7 and are primarily applicable at discharge. The median TRIPOD adherence of the models was 59% (P25–P75, 55%–69%), ranging from a minimum of 33% to a maximum of 81%. Overall, the quality of many studies was moderate to low in all six domains.

Conclusion

Predictive models may be useful in identifying paediatric patients at increased risk of readmission. To support the application of predictive models, more attention should be placed on completeness in reporting, particularly for those items that may be relevant for implementation in practice.
Factors affecting the adoption of health-promoting behaviours in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Guo Yunmei , Liu Ying , Yan Xing , Ding Rui , Tan Huiwen , Wang Lianhong
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study aimed to investigate health-promoting lifestyle status and associated risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

This study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Guizhou, China from December 2020 to June 2021.

Participants

A total of 366 participants (18–45 years) diagnosed with PCOS were recruited from the outpatient departments.

Measures

Sociodemographic characteristics were collected, and health-promoting behaviours were measured using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile scale. Anxiety status was measured using the Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, depression status using the Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale and self-efficacy using the Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale. Multiple stepwise linear regression was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with the health-promoting behaviours of the study participants.

Results

The participants had a poor health-promoting behaviours (88.54±17.44). The highest score in all dimensions was spiritual growth (16.68±4.98), while physical activity (12.71±2.68) was the lowest. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the main factors influencing the development and maintenance of health-promoting behaviours among participants were education (B=10.788, p<0.001), depression (B=−0.377, p<0.001), anxiety (B=−0.333, p<0.001) and self-efficacy (B=0.938, p=0.002). The model showed 74.40% variance shared between the dependent and independent variables (R2=74.40, F=264.633, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Health-promoting behaviours are minimal among patients with PCOS, and improving negative emotions and enhancing behavioural awareness and self-efficacy are necessary to increase the adoption of health-promoting behaviours among patients with PCOS.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2000034572.
Interventions to increase mammography screening uptake among women living in low-income and middle-income countries: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Nduka Ifeoma Jovita , Ejie Izuchukwu Loveth , Okafor Charles Ebuka , Eleje George Uchenna , Ekwunife Obinna Ikechukwu
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), including sub-Saharan Africa. Mammography screening is the most effective screening method for the early detection of breast cancers in asymptomatic individuals and the only screening test that decreases the risk of breast cancer mortality. Despite the perceived benefits, it has a low utilisation rate in comparison with breast self-examination and clinical breast examination. Several interventions to increase the uptake of mammography have been assessed as well as systematic reviews on mammography uptake. Nonetheless, none of the published systematic reviews focused on women living in LMICs. The review aims to identify interventions that increase mammography screening uptake among women living in LMICs.

Methods and analysis

Relevant electronic databases will be systematically searched from 1 January 1990 to 30 June 2021 for published and grey literature, including citation and reference list tracking, on studies focusing on interventions to increase mammography screening uptake carried out in LMICs and written in the English language. The search will incorporate the key terms: mammography, interventions, low- and middle-income countries and their associated synonyms. Randomised controlled trials, observational studies and qualitative and mixed methods studies of interventions (carried out with and without comparison groups) reporting interventions to increase mammography screening uptake in LMICs will be identified, data extracted and assessed for methodological quality by two independent reviewers with disagreements to be resolved by consensus or by a third author. We will use narrative synthesis and/or meta-analysis depending on the characteristics of the data.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021269556.
Virtual reality-based distraction for intravenous insertion-related distress in children: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ali Samina , Rajagopal Manasi , Stinson Jennifer , Ma Keon , Vandermeer Ben , Felkar Bailey , Schreiner Kurt , Proctor Amanda , Plume Jennifer , Hartling Lisa
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Intravenous (IV) insertions are among the most performed procedures for children seeking medical care; they are often a painful and stressful experience for both children and their caregivers. Paediatric distress and pain that is inadequately treated may lead to a frightened and uncooperative child, repeated IV attempts and overall frustration with care for both the family and clinical team. We hypothesise that distraction via an immersive virtual reality (VR) experience may reduce the associated distress for children undergoing IV insertions.

Methods and analysis

This two-armed randomised controlled superiority trial will be conducted in a Canadian paediatric emergency department and will aim to enrol 80 children overall. Children will be randomised to receive either departmental standard of care alone or standard of care plus an immersive VR experience. Children 6–17 years of age who are undergoing IV insertion and have topical anaesthetic application will be considered for inclusion. Our primary objective is to compare the reduction of distress between the two study arms. The primary outcome will be the child’s observed distress score as measured by the Observational Signs of Behavioral Distress-Revised tool. Secondary outcomes include the child’s pain intensity and fear, parental anxiety, satisfaction with the IV procedure, as well as adverse events. Recruitment launched in September 2020 and is expected to end in March 2022.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Health Research Ethics Board (University of Alberta). Informed consent will be obtained from parents or guardians, and assent from children. Study data will be submitted for publication irrespective of results. This study is funded through a Women and Children’s Health Research Institute Innovation grant. Purchase of the VR equipment was facilitated through a Stollery Children’s Hospital Foundation small equipment grant.

Trial registration number

NCT04291404Cite Now
Impact of collaborative nursing care on the recovery process of mental health day hospital users: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Ventosa-Ruiz Ana , Moreno-Poyato Antonio , Lluch-Canut Teresa , Vaquerizo-Cubero Antonio , Vidal-Pascual Xavier , Gil-Guiñón Ferran , Puig-Llobet Montserrat
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Very few collaborative nursing care interventions have been studied and shown to be effective in the context of the paradigm shift towards recovery in mental health nursing. Understanding the changes produced in the recovery process of people with mental health problems can contribute to the design and implementation of new methodologies to offer effective and person-centred care.

Methods and analysis

This is a mixed-methods study, which is structured in three phases. In phase one (baseline) and phase three (follow-up), quantitative data will be collected from patients at a mental health day hospitals based on a two-armed, parallel-design, non-randomised trial. In phase two, two groups will be established: an intervention group in which the intervention based on collaborative nursing care will be carried out through the codesign and implementation of activities through Participatory Action Research, and a control group in which the usual care dynamics will be continued. All the users of three mental health day hospitals who agree to participate in the study will be studied consecutively until the necessary sample size is reached. The outcomes used to evaluate the impact of the intervention will be the stage of the recovery process, the quality of the therapeutic relationship and the patient’s level of positive mental health.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the institutional review board of the reference hospital, FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias (PR-2020-10) in July 2020. All participants will be able to voluntarily withdraw from the study at any time. For this reason, users will be given a sheet with all the precise information about the study to be carried out and written consent will be requested. Preliminary and final results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international congresses.

Trial registration number

NCT04814576.
Establishing risk factors and outcomes for congenital hypothyroidism with gland in situ using population-based data linkage methods: study protocol
Authors: Ruiz Nishiki Milagros , Cabecinha Melissa , Knowles Rachel , Peters Catherine , Aitkenhead Helen , Ifederu Adeboye , Schoenmakers Nadia , Sebire Neil J , Walker Erin , Hardelid Pia
Published: March 2022

Introduction

There has been an increase in the birth prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) since the introduction of newborn screening, both globally and in the UK. This increase can be accounted for by an increase in CH with gland in situ (CH-GIS). It is not known why CH-GIS is becoming more common, nor how it affects the health, development and learning of children over the long term. Our study will use linked administrative health, education and clinical data to determine risk factors for CH-GIS and describe long-term health and education outcomes for affected children.

Methods and analysis

We will construct a birth cohort study based on linked, administrative data to determine what factors have contributed to the increase in the birth prevalence of CH-GIS in the UK. We will also set up a follow-up study of cases and controls to determine the health and education outcomes of children with and without CH-GIS. We will use logistic/multinomial regression models to establish risk factors for CH-GIS. Changes in the prevalence of risk factors over time will help to explain the increase in birth prevalence of CH-GIS. Multivariable generalised linear models or Cox proportional hazards regression models will be used to assess the association between type of CH and school performance or health outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the London Queen Square Research Ethics Committee and the Health Research Authority’s Confidentiality Advisory Group CAG. Approvals are also being sought from each data provider. Obtaining approvals from CAG, data providers and information governance bodies have caused considerable delays to the project. Our methods and findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences.
Unravelling the Knot: The Chinese Engagement in Afghanistan
Authors: ZHENG Haiqi
Published: March 2022

After the United States and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation’s (NATO) decision in May 2021 to withdraw their troops from Afghanistan, the Chinese government began to examine policy measures to secure its economic and security-related interests. Today, as the Taliban has captured political power in Afghanistan, the world has little clue about dealing with the Islamist group. This article attempts to provide an understanding of the Chinese engagement in Afghanistan since 2001. It analyses some of the policy measures that China undertakes to remain an important player in Afghanistan post-US and NATO forces exit.
Development of a Family of Chaotic Systems with Infinite Equilibria and Its Application for Image Encryption
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Bai Yulong , Pan Weishuan , Wang Di , Ma Yong-Jie
Published: March 2022

Fourth‐order autonomous nonlinear differential equations can exhibit chaotic properties. In this study, we propose a family of fourth‐order chaotic systems with infinite equilibrium points whose equilibria form closed curves of different shapes. First, the phase diagrams and Lyapunov exponents (LEs) of the system family are simulated. The results show that the system family has complex phase diagrams and dynamic behaviors. Simulation analysis of the Poincarè mapping and bifurcation diagrams shows that the system has chaotic characteristics. The circuit simulation model is constructed and simulated in Multisim. The circuit simulation results coincide with the numerical simulation results, which verifies the circuit feasibility of the system. Then, based on Lyapunov stability theory and the adaptive control method, the synchronous control of the system with infinite equilibria is designed. Numerical simulation results verify that the system synchronization with the adaptive control method is well. Finally, the synchronous drive system is used for image encryption, the response system is used for decryption, and color image encryption is realized by combining deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coding and operating rules. Therefore, this study not only enriched the research on infinite equilibria chaotic systems but also further expanded secure communication technology by combining chaotic synchronization control and DNA coding in image encryption.
Siltuximab-Related Favorable Clinical Outcome for a Patient Suffering from Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease
Authors: Chrysochoou Stamatios , Kreft Andreas , Schneider Eberhard
Published: March 2022

RationalCastleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can be subdivided into unicentric and multicentric forms, the latter of which causes a spectrum of serious medical conditions. Here, we present a case of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease in the eighth decade of life. Patient Concerns. First hospitalized due to unexplained progressive anemia, the patient was readmitted to the hospital 18 months later with suspected lymphoma. Clinical examination revealed a progressive lymphadenopathy. Diagnoses. Histopathologic lymph node features, anemia, elevated CRP and IL6 levels, splenomegaly, and hypoalbuminemia indicated multicentric Castleman (MCD) disease. Interventions. The patient was treated intravenously with a dose of 11 mg/kg siltuximab every 3 weeks. Outcomes. Timely correct diagnosis through the stringent use of consensus diagnostic criteria and sufficient siltuximab therapy has considerably promoted favorable clinical outcomes in a patient suffering from MCD.
Quantification of Myoinositol in Serum by Electrochemical Detection with an Unmodified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode
Authors: Jin Xinrui , Zhao Yuanqing , Gu Xiujuan , Zhong Min , Kong Xin , Li Guangrong , Tian Gang , Liu Jinbo
Published: March 2022

Simple, rapid, and accurate detection of myoinositol (MI) concentration in blood is crucial in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome, neurological disorders, and cancer. A novel electrochemical detection (IED) method was established to quantify MI in human serum using a disposable unmodified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the first time. MI was detected indirectly by the reaction product of myoinositol dehydrogenase (IDH) and cofactor β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Good linear calibration curves were obtained at the concentration range from 5.0 μM to 500.0 μM (R2 = 0.9981) with the lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 1.0 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively. Recoveries were calculated at three spiked concentrations, and the values were between 90.3 and 106%, with relative standard deviation values of 3.2–6.2% for intraday precision and 7.1–9.0% for interday precision. The SPCE-electrochemical biosensor is simple, accurate, and without modification, showing great potential for point-of-care testing (POCT) of serum MI in clinical samples.
Study on Bearing Capacity of the Existing Engineering Pile Group without Lateral Displacement during Dynamic Top‐Down Construction
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhao Yang , Yang Xuelin , Ding Zhi , Zhu Wenwei , Wang Qingzhong
Published: March 2022

The bearing capacity of the vertical underpinning structure system is the key index in the design of top‐down construction for adding a basement layer under existing buildings. The influence of the lateral restraint is the most significant under the dynamic construction excavation. For the problem of the bearing capacity of the existing engineering pile group under the top‐down construction, the linear eigenvalue stability method was used first to study the influence of the lateral restraints such as the horizontal resistance of soil, the diameter of piles body, and the bending rigidity of the temporary steel bracing on its bearing capacity. The corresponding critical stability load and the effective length coefficient were then obtained. Then, based on the nonlinear extreme point stability method with the initial geometrical imperfection, the amplification range for the effective length coefficient was studied. Finally, based on the current Chinese Code Formula (JGJ 94‐2008) and considering the influence of the compression buckling effect of the high cap pile, the present solution of the bearing capacity for the pile body was obtained and compared with the code solution. It turns out that the nonlinear bearing capacity of existing engineering piles group with initial imperfection is smaller than the critical stability load of the linear eigenvalue and increases with the increase of the imperfection amplitude, and the amplification range of the effective length coefficient is 1.10∼1.20. The present solution of the bearing capacity with the compression buckling effect is 1.10∼1.30 times of the code solution, which shows that the code solution is partial to safety, and the residual bearing can be properly considered in the design.
Insights into the Aroma Profile of Sauce-Flavor Baijiu by GC-IMS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Cai Wenchao , Wang Yurong , Wang Wenping , Shu Na , Hou Qiangchuan , Tang Fengxian , Shan Chunhui , Yang Xinquan , Guo Zhuang
Published: March 2022

Aroma is among the principal quality indicators for evaluating Baijiu. The aroma profiles of sauce-flavor Baijiu produced by 10 different manufacturers were determined by GC-IMS. The results showed that GC-IMS could effectively separate the volatile compounds in Baijiu, and a total of 80 consensus volatile compounds were rapidly detected from all samples, among which 29 volatile compounds were identified, including 5 alcohols, 14 esters, 2 acids, 2 ketones, 5 aldehydes, and 1 furan. According to the differences in aroma profile found by multivariate statistical analysis, these sauce-flavor Baijiu produced by 10 different manufacturers can be further divided into three types. The relative odor activity value of the identified volatile compounds indicated that seven volatile compounds contributed most to the aroma of sauce-flavor Baijiu in order of aroma contribution rate, and they were ethyl hexanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl octanoate (also known as octanoic acid ethyl ester), ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl butanoate, and ethyl isobutyrate. Correspondingly, the main aromas of these sauce-flavor Baijiu produced by 10 different manufacturers were sweet, fruity, alcoholic, etheral, cognac, rummy, and winey. On the one hand, this study proved that GC-IMS is well adapted to the detection of characteristic volatile aroma compounds and trace compounds in Baijiu, which is of positive significance for improving the aroma fingerprint and database of sauce-flavor Baijiu. On the other hand, it also enriched our knowledge of Baijiu and provided references for the evaluation and regulation of the flavor quality of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
Data Fusion Algorithm in Subtitle Translation of English VR Video Course
Authors: Xu Juan
Published: March 2022

In recent years, VR technology has developed rapidly, and its application range has also developed from entertainment to education. The English video teaching made by VR technology can effectively improve students’ learning enthusiasm. VR technology will surely lead to the arrival of an era, and it will also be a tool that must be carried out in the future development of many industries. Since the first year of VR, subtitle translation has also tried to use VR technology, but it has not been able to give full play to the advantages of VR technology. However, the existing video subtitle translation technology is still in the exploratory stage. Due to the frequent problems in subtitle translation, the actual teaching effect is greatly reduced. And this has just become one of the prerequisites for the application of data fusion algorithms. The characteristics of video course subtitle translation are that the course video is the source text, which is restricted by the form of audio-visual text, the actual operation of subtitle translation, and the course content. in principle. Combined with the case, the first translation and the proofreading are compared and analyzed. With the use of data fusion algorithms, it can solve the problem of letter translation in English VR video teaching. In view of this situation, this article studies the characteristics and strategies of subtitle translation in English VR video course. This study is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is the research into the characteristics of existing video subtitle translation, which analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing video subtitle translation one by one. Through the research, this article believes that the main shortcomings of the existing technology are cultural differences and human work deficiencies, but they can be overcome and improved. In view of these problems, the second part of this article is to improve the problem of English letter translation in the actual application process through the use of data fusion algorithms. The third part of this article is the investigation and research, using the way of investigation to verify the specific effect of the improvement method in this article. Through the analysis of the survey data, we can see that the improved English VR video course has been widely praised by the students, which not only increases the learning enthusiasm, but also improves the learning effect.