bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Core Strength, Core Endurance and Balance in Folk Dancers – A Pilot Study
Authors: Swati Kubal  , Vishakha Kadam
Published: July 2021

Background: Dance performance requires lower extremity muscle strength and endurance, sufficientcore stabilization, dynamic balance during dance movements. Diminished core strength and coreendurance has been shown lead to a higher incidence of lower extremity injuries and to low backinjuries. Greater core muscle strength, increased core endurance and good dynamic balance havebeen reported to be associated with reduced lower extremity injury risk. Still, the exact relationshipsamong these factors remain unclear. Most of studies have examined ballet and modern dancers but folkdance is not studied adequately in the literature as different genres of dance have different physicaldemands, it is important to examine whether the relationships among Core stability, balance, injuries,and performance are similar across the various dance genres.Objectives: Weak core and poor balance are said to be associated with lower limb and low back injuries.Thus the correlation between core stabilization and balance need to be evaluated in details to reducethe risk of injuries.Methods: It is a cross-sectional observational study, with a total of 30 folk dancers. Core endurancewas measured by using plank tests and core strength was measured by the Bent Knee Lowering Test(BKLT).Balance was measured via the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) which was co-related withcore strength and core endurance.Conclusion: There is no correlation between core strength and balance in folk dancers. Core enduranceis weakly correlated with balance.
Comparison of Single Task and Dual Task Balance Training on the Quality of Life of Elderly with Balance Impairment
Authors: Vineesha Chandran
Published: July 2021

Background: Aging is the decline in efficiency of various physiological processes which is continuesand irreversible. The age related changes affect maintenance of balance control in steady state balance,reactive balance and anticipatory balance. The purpose of the study was to find out the effectiveness ofsingle task and dual task balance training in improving the quality of life among elderly with impairedbalance.Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of single and dual task training in improving the quality oflife of elderly with balance impairment and to compare the single and dual task balance training inelderly with impaired balanceStudy Design: Pre-post experimental study designMethod Thirty-four elderly adults with impaired balance were assigned into two groups, one groupunderwent single task training and other dual task training of about 4 weeks. Baseline measurementwere taken pre and post training by using TUG, BBS and SF-36.Results: Dual task training was more effective in improving quality of life and balance in elder adultswith impaired balance than the single task training. The TUG scores showed improvement in both thegroups. The group which performed dual task training showed significant difference from pre to postmeasure that with mean 0.51(p=0.005). The single task training group showed an improvement of mean0.337(p=0.069). The SF-36 score showed significant improvement in both the groups except certaincomponents.Conclusion: Dual task training improves quality of life and balance in elderly adults with impairedbalance than single task training.
Efficacy of Physiotherapy on Spinal Mobility Parameters and Pain in Persons with Adolescent and Adult Idiopathic Structural Scoliosis
Authors: Naveen Kumar Balne  , S. Afshan Jabeen  , Neeharika Mathukumalli
Published: July 2021

Background: Scoliosis cause changes in spinal alignment, mobility, flexibility rrecruitment of Paraspinal muscles and postural reflex mechanism. Ssubjects might have hump on one side of spine,functional difficulties, and pain in multiple regions of body, change in lung function, nerve compression,dysmenorrhea and constipation in severe curves. Some studies shows mood changes, depression,handicap and social involvement. Gradually it is becoming clear that if good non operative treatmentis given, only 1 in 25, or 0.1% cases may require surgery. Hence this study is aimed at effectiveness ofphysiotherapy on spinal mobility parameters.Methods: Study was conducted at Nizam’s institute of Medical sciences, department of Physiotherapy.13 adolescent idiopathic scoliotic subjects aged between 12 to 40 years were taken into the study.Subjects had curve specific exercise for 25 weeks. Outcomes measures include 1.spinal mobility(flexion, extension, left bending right bending), 2. Flexibility of pectorals, Iliopsoas and hamstringson both sides, 3. VAS (Visual analog scale) for pain, 4. Cobb angle for curve measurement.Change inVAS scores were significant (P <0.0001) and mean changes from 5.23 ±1.64 to 1.384 ±0.65 with IQRwas from 6-4 to 2-1. Spinal flexion (p value: 0.003) and extension (P-Value: 0.007) showed significantresults on Wilcoxon signed rank test. The improvements in Cobb angle was were more at lumbar regionthan the other areas in this study.Conclusion: Though there is less curve correction may be up to 2 degrees, rate of progression wasreduced. Pain levels reduced along with improvements in flexibility and mobility with exercise program.In conclusion results of this study shows scope for consideration exercise program to improve pain,spinal mobility, Flexibility along with a Cobb angle improvement.
9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber
Authors: Pietruszka Rafal , Witkowski Bartlomiej S , Ozga Monika , Gwozdz Katarzyna , Placzek-Popko Ewa , Godlewski Marek
Published: July 2021

Today, silicon solar cells (amorphous films and wafer-based) are a main source of green energy. These cells and their components are produced by employing various technologies. Unfortunately, during the production process, chemicals that are harmful for the environment and for human life are used. For example, hydrofluoric acid is used to texture the top electrode to improve light harvesting. In this work, and also in recent ones, we report a way to obtain 3D textures on the top electrode by using zinc oxide nanorods. The efficiency of a textured solar cell structure is compared with the one obtained for a planar zinc oxide/silicon structure. The present results show the possibility to produce efficient solar cells on a relatively thin 50 μm thick silicon substrate. Solar cells with structured top electrodes were examined by numerous measuring techniques. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a grain-like morphology of the magnesium-doped zinc oxide film. The size of the grains is closely related to the structure of the nanorods. The external quantum efficiency of the cells was measured. The obtained solar cell shows response in a wide spectral range from ultraviolet to infrared. Current–voltage and current–voltage–temperature measurements were performed to evaluate basic photovoltaic parameters. At room temperature, the cells efficiency equals to 9.1% for textured structures and 5.4% for planar structures, respectively. The work, therefore, describes an environmentally friendly technology for PV architecture with surface textures increasing the efficiency of PV cells.
Electron-rich triarylphosphines as nucleophilic catalysts for oxa-Michael reactions
Authors: Fischer Susanne M , Renner Simon , Boese A Daniel , Slugovc Christian
Published: July 2021

Electron-rich triarylphosphines, namely 4-(methoxyphenyl)diphenylphosphine (MMTPP) and tris(4-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine (TMTPP), outperform commonly used triphenylphosphine (TPP) in catalyzing oxa-Michael additions. A matrix consisting of three differently strong Michael acceptors and four alcohols of varying acidity was used to assess the activity of the three catalysts. All test reactions were performed with 1 mol % catalyst loading, under solvent-free conditions and at room temperature. The results reveal a decisive superiority of TMTPP for converting poor and intermediate Michael acceptors such as acrylamide and acrylonitrile and for converting less acidic alcohols like isopropanol. With stronger Michael acceptors and more acidic alcohols, the impact of the more electron-rich catalysts is less pronounced. The experimental activity trend was rationalized by calculating the Michael acceptor affinities of all phosphine–Michael acceptor combinations. Besides this parameter, the acidity of the alcohol has a strong impact on the reaction speed. The oxidation stability of the phosphines was also evaluated and the most electron-rich TMTPP was found to be only slightly more sensitive to oxidation than TPP. Finally, the catalysts were employed in the oxa-Michael polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. With TMTPP polymers characterized by number average molar masses of about 1200 g/mol at room temperature are accessible. Polymerizations carried out at 80 °C resulted in macromolecules containing a considerable share of Rauhut–Currier-type repeat units and consequently lower molar masses were obtained.
reflexividad en el cine de Albertina Carri:
Authors: Dodier Anna
Published: July 2021

Por una parte, este estudio propone la hipótesis que el cine de la realizadora argentina Albertina Carri se desarrolla en constante ida y vuelta con la crítica y el academicismo nacional, cuyo inicio se puede encontrar en la polémica alrededor de su película Los rubios en 2003. Veremos entonces por otra parte cómo podemos comprender la obra y las pesquisas visuales de Carri como caracterizadas por la reflexividad y por un lugar muy particular dado al archivo: el cuestionamiento de la historia oficial establecida, la invención de nuevas formas de contar el presente pero también la creación de archivos futuros. Las imágenes que habitan el cine de Carri exploran y crean temporalidades superpuestas, inscribiéndose de esta forma en un tiempo cinematográfico deleuziano (La imagen-tiempo).
Culture Reproduction or Value Conflict? The Morally Fraught Experience of Chinese Christians in Virtual Communities
Authors: Liu Yan
Published: July 2021

Based on Robbins' understanding that both Durkhcimian and Weberian approaches could help the study of social morality, this paper explores the dynamics of cultural reproduction and value conflicts in Chinese Christians' communication on the WcChat platform. It evaluates ten religious WeChat groups' norms and activities and categorizes them into four typologies according to their group inclusiveness and interactivity. It collects group chats from the WeChat platform and reveals the forming dynamics of group verbal abuse, and further explores the Chinese Christians' morally fraught experience in the virtual communities, ‘『his research shows that Christian values as an external force encourage Christians to fulfill their gospel mission and seek their group identity. Christians exhibit their discursive power through group norms and group behaviors. Cultural authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism arc the ideological factors that underline the exclusive group behaviors of the Christian virtual comm unities. The contradiction between exclusive and inclusive group cultures reflects the incompatibility between Chinese authoritarian tradition and the call for a more open society. Under the current social structure and cultural environment, particularistic ethics and exclusive practices would still be dominant in Chinese Christian virtual communities for a comparatively long time.
Study on the Interaction of the Sinicization of Christianity and the Reconstruction of Cross-border Ethnic Minorities Cultures in Yunnan
Authors: GAO Zhiying , WANG Donglei
Published: July 2021

"I'm Sinicization of Christianity? which is the developing strategy and practice to make Christianity adapt to Chinese culture. It corresponds to the Christianization of Chinese ethnic minority people who believed in Christianity. From the perspective of cultural interaction, borrowing and blending, the study explores the motivation, process and characteristics of the interactive development between the localization and contextualization of Christianity in Yunnan ethnic minorities ' areas and the Christianization of ethnic minorities' cultures by historical com bi ng and synchronic comparison. Mostly between Christianity and ethnic minorities' traditional cultures had experienced from the estrangement, and coexisted with each other and blending process > and finished the Christian from "in" to the transition of “again”, so as to realize the Sinicizational characteristics of the regional > national > but also make the border ethnic cultural reconstruct.
The Cham ritual of Padmasambhava in Tibetan Buddhism
Authors: BAIMACUO GELINLANGJIE
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the origins of Cham or ritual dance in Tibetan Buddhism, structure»and components of the Cham ritual of Pamasambhava. The first part of the paper explains the Cham ritual dedicated to Padmasambhava and its three main sections ： the ritual of making offerings and reading scriptures; the performing of the ritual dances; and the empowerment of Padmasambhava»known as “Light of the Lotus”. The second part of the paper gives some details of the Padmasambhava Cham, which takes place on the ninth and tenth days of the eleven day ritual»with the Cham on the ninth day known as kya'cham and that on the following day as the dngos gzhi. The Padmasabhava Cham has eighteen parts and one of these parts has seventeen sub-sections»so all together there arc thirty-seven parts performed on the tenth day.
PENENTUAN KOEFISIEN SERAP BUNYI PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Setia Putra Abdi
Published: July 2021

The study is done to determine the characteristics of the material absorbs the particle board made of palm oil to the midrib 0,6 0,4 density and 0,9 gr / cm3 adhesive with variations 15% and 20 % adhesive urea and formaldehyde in use . Frequencies used is 125,250,500,1000 , and 1200 hz . Value the absorption of sample made showing the price qualified according to sample ISO 11654 to classify it as a silencer and included in a category class the quality c. Research aims to understand characteristic of the coefficients employ the board particles of material midrib palm. Employ procedure test the were based on standard ASTM E1050-98 using the of tube impedance 2  microphone .Sample of measuring diameter ± 99 mm. value density large frequency ( hz ) good affect on value the coefficients employ the ( α ) . Employ a value the will decrease in frequency 1000-1200hz and in density gr 0,9 / cm3.
Bifoveal Fusion Recovery by Liquid Crystal Glasses in Children
Authors: Aznauryan Igor E. , Shpak Alexander A. , Balasanyan Victoriya O , Aznauryan Erik I. , Agagulyan Satenik G.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Rehabilitation of visual functions in childhood is an urgent problem for pediatric ophthalmology. Researchers are constantlylooking for new rehabilitation measures for diseases such as myopia and retinopathy of prematurity. But timely and effectiveimplementation of rehabilitation measures to restore binocular functions in case of strabismus is not least important. Aim. This study aims to analyze bifoveal fusion recovery using method of LCD glasses with alternating occlusion of visual fields andcompare its efficacy with orthoptic treatment using synoptophore. Material and methods. Ninety-nine patients with prior esotropia, post-operative absence of bifoveal fusion and residual angle ofdeviation <10° were treated. All patients were hyperopic, the spherical refraction was not more than 4.75 diopters, the cylindricalrefraction not more than 1.5 diopters. At the same time, presence of mild amblyopia was allowed. Patients with vertical strabismusand cyclotropia identified during synoptophore examination and cyclotropy examination using Maddox rods, as well as patients withconcomitant ophthalmic pathology were excluded. All patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination, as well as determinationof binocular vision by a 4-point test, a study on a synoptophore with the determination of the objective and subjectiveangles of strabismus. The main group included 46 patients who underwent treatment by alternating occlusion of visual fields with LCD glasses continuously for 4 hours/day, the control group included 53 patients who underwent synoptophore treatment for 12 months (3-4 courses). The observation period was 12 months. Results. Bifoveal fusion and binocular vision were significantly more often recovered by LCD glasses treatment as compared to thesinoptophore treatment. Stable bifoveal fusion was formed in 32 (69.5%) and 11 (21%) children, unstable in nine (19.6%) and two (4%); treatment was ineffective in five (10.9%) and 40 (75%) patients, respectively. Binocular vision was obtained in 18 (39.1%) and 11 (21%) patients, and taking into account the subsequent diploptic treatment in cases with unstable bifoveal fusion in 12 more patients (66.7%) in the main group. Conclusion. Alternating occlusion of visual fields with LCD glasses is a more effective mean of bifoveal fusion and binocular visionrecovery than orthoptic treatment with a synoptophore in patients after successful strabismus surgery.
Pathogenetic Development Factors of Position-dependent Changes in Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Tonyan Arsen G. , Khan Vladislav V. , Khalafyan Alixan A. , Bunyakin Alexey V. , Avakyan Shakro N. , Lymar Maxim S.
Published: July 2021

It is known that the oxygen saturation of the peripheral blood is determined by the efficiency of the heart, the state of the microcirculatorybed, so position-dependent fluctuations in systolic blood pressure, pressure in the left renal and left adrenal veins,mediated bursts of hormones of the adrenal cortex can affect SO2. There is every reason to believe that SO2 will change in differentstatic positions. Aim. To study position-dependent changes in oxygen saturation based on the study of the pathogenetic effect of venous bloodflow in the “pool” of the left renal vein on the general hemodynamics and hormones of the adrenal cortex. Material and methods. A method for the polypositional assessment of oxygen saturation disturbances in six static states has beendeveloped: standing, sitting, on the back, on the abdomen, on your right side, on your left side. Statistical data processing was carriedout, which made it possible to determine the relationship between the indicators. Results. Polypositional studies of oxygen saturation hemodynamic parameters (SрO2) in six static states revealed the variability ofthe relationships of these groups when comparing them. The correlation was high, statistically significant between diastolic (DBP)and systolic (SBP) pressure, moderate between pulse (Ps) and SBP, pulse and DBP, weak between pulse and saturation. The groupsdivided by body positions relative to the pulse, SBP and DBP did not have a cluster structure. In the pron-position, SO2 had a minimalvalue, significantly different from the data in the other positions. Conclusion. Body position is one of the pathogenetically significant factors regulating blood oxygen saturation, which can helpin the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with respiratory failure (COVID-19). Polypositional saturation measurement in sixstatic states can determine a new, more effective algorithm for the management of patients with respiratory failure, both duringtreatment and during rehabilitation.
INOVASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI DIGITAL PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Sianturi Sondang Ratnauli , Wihardja Hany
Published: July 2021

Digital literacy in nursing students is necessary in this case where the rapid technology development. Knowledge and skills of digital literacy can be improved by the lecture integrated and combined with increasing skill. Increasing digital literacy aims to enable students to access, understand information technology and make digital innovations that are useful for nursing. This innovative design provides an overview of the innovations made by nursing students and which services can be utilized. The innovative design is carried out in several stages: first, students analyze the situation in the nursing environment so that students make innovation that can help nurses work: second, determine the innovation design; third, making innovations and being presented. The method used is quantitative by distributing questionnaires to participants who tried the innovation designs on display and students were divided into 10 groups with 10 innovation designs. This innovative design was carried out for two weeks. The results of this activity was 90% of the designs made have applicative value and useful for nurses. The application of digital literacy in designing this innovation becomes a medium for improving nursing student technology. This activity is expected to be input and support nursing students and increase digital literacy in Indonesia.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PREDISPOCING, ENABLING DAN REINFORCING DENGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN WUS MELAKSANAKAN PEMERIKSAAN IVA
Authors: Simanjuntak Yunida Turisna , Siahaan Julia , Panjaitan Masriati
Published: July 2021

Cervical cancer is a malignancy originating from the cervix. In Indonesia, the number of cervical cancer sufferers is the second-highest after breast cancer with a high mortality rate. To reduce the mortality rate, early detection in women of childbearing age (WUS) is carried out using the IVA method. However, the participation rate for IVA examinations is low. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design that aims to determine the factors associated with the low participation of female prostitutes in conducting IVA examinations. The population of this study was all WUS in the working area of ​​Pustu Sigotom, Pangaribuan District, as many as 869 people. The research sample was taken using a proportional sampling technique as many as 90 people. The analysis of this study used the chi-square statistical test. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the variables of knowledge, attitudes, access to information, and husband's support (0,000) and the participation of WUS in conducting IVA examinations and there is no relationship between the variable affordability of the participation distance of WUS to perform IVA examinations (0.692). The implication of this research is expected to increase knowledge about cervical cancer so that attitudes and awareness about the importance of IVA examination are getting better and it is hoped that health workers will be more active in socializing the importance of IVA examination.
FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING PADA BALITA
Authors: Hamzah Winarni , Haniarti Haniarti , Anggraeny Rini
Published: July 2021

Stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers in the world today. In 2017, 22.2% of children under five in the world were stunted. Indonesia is included in the third country with the highest prevalence in the Southeast Asia region, the prevalence of children under five with stunting in Indonesia in 2005-2017 was 36.4%. Aims to determine the risk factors for stunting in children under five in the working area of ​​the Baraka Community Health Center, Enrekang Regency. This study used the analytical survey method with the Cross Sectional Study approach using the simple random sampling technique, which means that the sample taken is where each element or member of the population has the same opportunity to be selected as the sample. The sample size in this study was taken using the Slovin formula. The location was carried out in the working area of ​​the Baraka Community Health Center, Enrekang Regency. The research time was 1 month. The sample in this study amounted to 94 people with the process of data collection and data collection was carried out by interview techniques. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.002), complementary breastfeeding (p = 0.002) had a relationship with the incidence of stunting, while there was no relationship between LBW (p = 0.106), gestational age (p = 0.303), and maternal nutritional status ( KEK) (p = 0.229) with the incidence of stunting.
PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN BALITA GIZI KURANG DENGAN PEMBERIAN MAKANAN NUTRISI TINGGI BERBAHAN BAKU TEMPE DAN KEMBANG KOL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KABERE
Authors: Salma Salma , Haniarti Haniarti , Nurhaeda Nurhaeda
Published: July 2021

Nutritional problems in Indonesia are getting more complex as the epidemiology transition occurs.  According to reports of posyandu weighing activities at Kabere Puskesmas in 2020 there were 28 malnourished toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in body weight of malnourished toddlers by providing high nutritional food made from tempeh and cauliflower in the working area of Kabere Public Health Center, Enrekang Regency. This type of research is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The population is malnutrition under five in the working area of Puskesmas Kabere, The samples of this research were children under five who were malnourished, 14 under five who were given treatment and 14 children who were not given treatment for under-nutrition who were in the working area of the Kabere Community Health Center by calculating zcore, Data analysis was performed using the independent sample t-test with the help of the SPSS version 20 program. The location of this research was conducted in the working area of the Kabere Community Health Center. The research was conducted in July-August 2020.The results showed that the provision of high nutritional food made from tempeh and cauliflower could significantly increase body weight in malnourished children under five. So it is recommended that parents of toddlers provide adequate nutritional intake for under-nutrition children so that their nutritional status can continue to improve.
A Viabilidade do imposto sobre o valor da terra: análise teórica e empírica, e seu contexto na reforma tributária
Authors: De Cesare Claudia M. , Fernandes Cintia Estefania , Oliveira Gelson Santos , Carvalho Junior Pedro Humberto B.
Published: July 2021

Este artigo busca analisar a viabilidade de introduzir um imposto sobre o valor da terra no contexto brasileiro, levando em conta aspectos legais, questões relativas a sua implementação e benefícios potenciais.
Realistic Dispersion of Plasmaspheric Hiss in the Inner Magnetosphere and Its Effect on Wave-induced Electron Scattering Rates
Authors: Ma Xin , Cao Xing , Ni Binbin , Zhu Qi , Xiang Zheng
Published: July 2021

The cold plasma approximation is a common treatment to study wave–particle interactions between plasmaspheric hiss and magnetospheric electrons, which, however, can become a challenge during periods of disturbed geomagnetic activity. To assess the validity of the cold plasma dispersion relation of plasmaspheric hiss, we adopt the cold plasma theory to calculate the wave magnetic field intensities from the electric field intensities observed by Van Allen Probe A from 2012 October 1 to 2018 February 28. Comparisons between the observed and converted hiss magnetic field intensities capture pronounced differences with the enhancement of substorm activity, and exhibit the largest discrepancies on the nightside MLT sector for low-frequency hiss waves. We also use both the hiss dispersion curves derived from the observations and the cold plasma dispersion relation to evaluate hiss-induced electron diffusion coefficients under different substorm activity conditions. The results indicate that the profiles of electron diffusion rates vary considerably for the two hiss dispersion relations and that the differences between them become increasingly distinct with substorm activity intensification. Our study therefore demonstrates that the cold plasma theory can become less reliable for plasmaspheric hiss waves under disturbed geomagnetic circumstances and that the realistic wave dispersion is essential to better quantify the electron scattering effect of hiss waves, which needs to be carefully incorporated into future global simulations of the generation and propagation of plasmaspheric hiss and associated dynamic variability of radiation belt electrons.
Improved Lyα Tomography Using Optimized Reconstruction with Constraints on Absorption (ORCA)
Authors: Li Zihao , Horowitz Benjamin , Cai Zheng
Published: July 2021

In this work, we propose an improved approach to reconstruct the three-dimensional intergalactic medium from observed Lyα forest absorption features. We present our new method, the Optimized Reconstruction with Constraints on Absorption (ORCA), which outperforms the current baseline Wiener filter (WF) when tested on mock Lyα forest data generated from hydrodynamical simulations. We find that both reconstructed flux errors and cosmic web classification improve substantially with ORCA, equivalent to 30%–40% additional sight lines with the standard WF. We use this method to identify and classify extremal objects, i.e., voids and (proto)clusters, and find improved reconstruction across all summary statistics explored. We apply ORCA to existing Lyα forest data from the COSMOS Lyman Alpha Mapping and Tomography Observations (CLAMATO) Survey and compare it to the WF reconstruction.
The Araucaria Project. Distances to Nine Galaxies Based on a Statistical Analysis of their Carbon Stars (JAGB Method)
Authors: Zgirski Bartłomiej , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Gieren Wolfgang , Górski Marek , Wielgórski Piotr , Karczmarek Paulina , Bresolin Fabio , Kervella Pierre , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Storm Jesper , Graczyk Dariusz , Hajdu Gergely , Narloch Weronika , Pilecki Bogumił , Suchomska Ksenia , Taormina Mónica
Published: July 2021

Our work presents an independent calibration of the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB) method using Infrared Survey Facility photometric data and a custom luminosity function profile to determine JAGB mean magnitudes for nine galaxies. We determine a mean absolute magnitude of carbon stars of M
LMC = −6.212 ± 0.010 (stat.) ±0.030 (syst.) mag. We then use near-infrared photometry of a number of nearby galaxies, originally obtained by our group to determine their distances from Cepheids using the Leavitt law, in order to independently determine their distances with the JAGB method. We compare the JAGB distances obtained in this work with the Cepheid distances resulting from the same photometry and find very good agreement between the results from the two methods. The mean difference is 0.01 mag with an rms scatter of 0.06 mag after taking into account seven out of the eight analyzed galaxies that had their distances determined using Cepheids. The very accurate distance to the Small Magellanic Cloud based on detached eclipsing binaries is also in very good agreement with the distance obtained from carbon stars.
Evaluating the performance of DNA metabarcoding for assessment of zooplankton communities in Western Lake Superior using multiple markers
Authors: Meredith Christy , Hoffman Joel , Trebitz Anett , Pilgrim Erik , Okum Sarah , Martinson John , Cameron Ellen S.
Published: July 2021

For DNA metabarcoding to attain its potential as a community assessment tool, we need to better understand its performance versus traditional morphological identification and work to address any remaining performance gaps in incorporating DNA metabarcoding into community assessments. Using fragments of the 18S nuclear and 16S mitochondrial rRNA genes and two fragments of the mitochondrial COI marker, we examined the use of DNA metabarcoding and traditional morphological identification for understanding the diversity and composition of crustacean zooplankton at 42 sites across western Lake Superior. We identified 51 zooplankton taxa (genus or species, depending on the finest resolution of the taxon across all identification methods), of which 17 were identified using only morphological traits, 13 using only DNA and 21 using both methods. The taxa found using only DNA metabarcoding included four species and one genus-level identification not previously known to occur in Lake Superior, the presence of which still needs to be confirmed. A substantial portion of taxa that were identified to genus or species by morphological identification, but not identified using DNA metabarcoding, had zero (“no record”) or < 2 (“underrepresented records”) reference barcodes in the BOLD or NCBI databases (63% for COI, 80% for 16S, 74% for 18S). The two COI marker fragments identified the most genus- and species-level taxa, whereas 18S was the only marker whose family-level percent sequence abundance patterns showed high correlation to composition patterns from morphological identification, based on a NMDS analysis of Bray-Curtis similarities. Multiple replicates were collected at a subset of sites and an occupancy analysis was performed, which indicated that rare taxa were more likely to be detected using DNA metabarcoding than traditional morphology. Our results support that DNA metabarcoding can augment morphological identification for estimating zooplankton diversity and composition of zooplankton over space and time, but may require use of multiple markers. Further addition of taxa to reference DNA databases will improve our ability to use DNA metabarcoding to identify zooplankton and other invertebrates in aquatic surveys.
Vaccinium exiguum (Ericaceae, Vaccinieae), a new species from the ultramafic summit of Mt. Victoria, Palawan Island, Philippines
Authors: Tamayo Maverick N. , Bustamante Rene Alfred Anton , Fritsch Peter W.
Published: July 2021

Vaccinium exiguum from the ultramafic summit of Mt. Victoria, Palawan Island, Philippines is here described as a new species of Ericaceae. It closely resembles V. hamiguitanense but is distinct by having much shorter petioles and leaves, longer and glabrous calyx lobes with serrate lobe margins, a larger corolla with deeper sulcations, and longer stamens with spurs oriented laterally. Vaccinium exiguum represents the third Vaccinium species found on the Island of Palawan and 36th in the Philippines.
Foucault, Castoriadis et la démocratie athénienne
Authors: Moreno Pestaña José Luis , Farré Conté Araceli
Published: July 2021

Cet article analyse la lecture effectuée par Foucault de la démocratie athénienne des années 1980 et la compare à la lecture de Cornelius Castoriadis. L’article propose donc deux interprétations différentes de la figure de Périclès par deux philosophes. Nous montrons que notre compréhension de l’idéologie de Foucault est plus profonde que notre compréhension de la réalité historique et des projets politiques de Périclès.
De mère à fille : apprentissage du travail de soin profane par des adolescentes « roms »
Authors: Montoya Julie
Published: July 2021

Ce texte s’appuie sur une enquête menée dans un bidonville dans les Hauts-de-France auprès de familles identifiées comme « roms ». L’étude porte sur les soins de santé donnés aux enfants et aux adolescents par des professionnels de santé et les familles. La méthodologie ethnographique employée a permis d’être particulièrement attentif au travail de soin profane. Le terrain confirme une production sanitaire profane gérée par les femmes, mais au-delà de ce constat, il témoigne également de la participation des sœurs aînées dans les soins de santé. Ces dernières apprennent progressivement le travail de soin profane auprès de leurs mères selon trois phases. Par ce biais, les jeunes filles acquièrent une place particulière dans leurs familles et leur groupe, marquant alors leur entrée dans un monde d’adulte, un monde de femmes.
Parentification des enfants exposés à la violence conjugale, développement socio-affectif et symptômes de stress post-traumatique
Authors: Paul Olivia , Pinel-Jacquemin Stéphanie , Lamarque Marie , Aïgba Sewanou , Zaouche-Gaudron Chantal
Published: July 2021

La parentification de l’enfant est une variable peu prise en compte dans les études concernant les enfants exposés à la violence conjugale. Consistant, en particulier, en un renversement des places et des rôles dans la famille, la parentification conduit l’enfant à porter des responsabilités trop importantes pour son niveau de développement. L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner les effets de la parentification des enfants exposés à la violence conjugale et d’en appréhender l’implication sur leur adaptation socio-affective et la présence de symptômes de stress post-traumatique. L’âge et le sexe des enfants ont été pris en compte, de même que la maltraitance qu’ils ont subie. L’échantillon est composé de 46 enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans et de leurs mères. Les enfants ont renseigné trois questionnaires relatifs à l’exposition à la violence conjugale, à la parentification et aux symptômes de stress post-traumatique. L’adaptation socio-affective a été évaluée par la mère au moyen du Child Behavior Checklist for Children (Achenbach, 1991). Les résultats indiquent que la parentification est associée à trois des cinq symptômes de stress post-traumatique, à savoir la colère, le stress post-traumatique et la dissociation. L’âge des enfants est aussi en lien avec la parentification et les difficultés intériorisées. Ces éléments méritent d’être approfondis et pris en compte pour les interventions à mener auprès des enfants exposés.
Convergence entre intelligence artificielle et neurotechnologies : une réalité et un futur souhaitable ?
Authors: Génin Alexis
Published: July 2021

De grandes entreprises et acteurs étatiques ont fait des neurotechnologies un champ d’action aussi stratégique que la conquête spatiale. Effectivement, l’accélération de la miniaturisation des technologies implantables et la puissance prédictive des outils d’intelligence artificielle convergent pour rendre prochainement possibles des développements proches de ceux prédits par les romans d’anticipation. Dans ce contexte, les développeurs de technologies médicales sont eux-mêmes dépassés par de nouveaux entrants pour qui le malade n’est plus qu’un « client » comme un autre aux côtés des soldats et des hommes pressés à la recherche d’augmentation de leurs performances. Faut-il suivre ce chemin techno-centré et tenter, avec des moyens financiers plus faibles, de copier l’approche des États-Unis et de la Chine ? Ou faut-il innover vraiment avec notre recherche en biologie et le dynamisme de nos jeunes entreprises innovantes, pour oser la voie différente, plus durable, du développement de neurotechnologies responsables ?
Quelles sont les images cérébrales stratégiques qui pourraient accélérer les progrès de la recherche clinique ?
Authors: Mangin Jean-François
Published: July 2021

Les pathologies du cerveau constituent un problème de société sans précédent. La neuro-imagerie est une des composantes-clefs d’une médecine du futur personnalisée, fondée sur la stratification des patients en groupes homogènes et caractérisés par une signature incluant des atteintes typiques au cerveau. Les images du cerveau décèlent les prémisses des pathologies à un stade où l’on peut espérer les contrecarrer. Elles peuvent aider la recherche clinique au travers d’un phénotypage profond, des images très détaillées contribuant à la compréhension de la physiopathologie, mais surtout au travers d’un phénotypage large, engendrant des bases de données qui permettront à l’IA de faire émerger ces groupes homogènes. Ces images stratégiques nécessiteront une mutualisation d’infrastructures dédiées et, à terme, la transformation du parc d’imageurs cliniques en un grand instrument permettant de suivre la population. Cette transition s’apparente à celle vécue par le monde de la physique au XX e  siècle.
Pour un développement responsable des neurotechnologies en France : les travaux de la task force dédiée
Authors: Chneiweiss Hervé
Published: July 2021

En raison de la place centrale qu’occupe notre cerveau dans notre capacité à être humain et à exercer nos droits, une réflexion éthique et normative s’est imposée face au développement rapide des neurotechnologies, ces dispositifs capables de « lire et/ou écrire » nos activités cérébrales. L’enjeu est immense, car les maladies neurologiques et psychiatriques représentent un tiers de nos dépenses de santé et une charge sociale colossale. En bon accord, les investissements publics et privés sont également très importants et ne semblent pas être limités par l’ambition de leur application au strict champ de la santé. Le bien-être est d’abord visé, puis, dans un second temps, la cible est étendue au champ du travail, de l’éducation ou des relations sociales. L’OCDE a fait œuvre pionnière avec un dispositif de « soft law » destiné à inciter à un développement responsable des neurotechnologies au service des personnes dans le domaine de la santé, à en donner les conditions de mise en œuvre et de gouvernance, et à en signaler les risques. Plusieurs réflexions et travaux législatifs en cours s’en inspirent déjà.
Questions épistémologiques ouvertes par les neurosciences et l’innovation en neurotechnologies
Authors: Roure Françoise
Published: July 2021

Les neurosciences et les nouvelles neurotechnologies connaissent un essor sans précédent lié à la convergence des biotechnologies avec les technologies numériques, augmentées par l’intelligence artificielle, et les nanotechnologies. Cet essor, qui rencontre une forte demande en dispositifs médicaux comme en applications commerciales, constitue une opportunité pour la santé et le bien-être, mais crée aussi les conditions d’une menace sur la manière même de penser la neuro-éthique. La formulation des questions épistémologiques soulevées par les neurotechnologies est essentielle pour garantir demain le respect de l’intégrité mentale, condition de l’autonomie et de la dignité humaine. De la qualité des réponses qui leur seront apportées dépendra l’émergence d’une innovation responsable en ce domaine.
Il y a 50 ans, le groupe d'information sur les prisons (GIP)
Authors: Poncela Pierrette
Published: July 2021

Voici un « relevé topographique et géologique » d'une bataille. Pendant les années 1970, les prisons s'embrasent, en France comme dans d'autres pays, en Europe et aux États-Unis. Le nom du Groupe d'information sur les prisons (GIP) est définitivement attaché à ces évènements. Du GIP Michel Foucault fut le maître d'œuvre. Il sut imposer à ce groupe une méthode et une éthique de travail exigeantes qu'il insuffla dans des actions et des écrits. Beaucoup d'évènements auxquels de nombreuses personnes prirent part et leur part : nous relatons les plus significatifs et les plus retentissants. Les répercussions furent nombreuses sur le droit et les institutions chargées de l'exécution des peines. Dans le sillage du GIP, demeure un indéfini des luttes dans leurs effets, aussi sur le droit, en mouvement, toujours.
La conformité anti-blanchiment face aux crypto-actifs
Authors: Clément Solène , Lelieur Juliette
Published: July 2021

Le succès des « cryptomonnaies » ou « crypto-actifs » auprès du monde des affaires comme du grand public n'est plus à démontrer. Ces nouveaux instruments financiers reposant sur la technologie blockchain génèrent toutefois des inquiétudes en rapport avec leur réputation de monnaie du crime et en raison des opérations de blanchiment de capitaux qu'elles peuvent favoriser. Le GAFI et l'Union européenne ont adapté leur dispositif de prévention du blanchiment. Depuis la loi PACTE du 22 mai 2019, complétée par l'ordonnance du 9 décembre 2020, le droit français comporte un système normatif complet d'assujettissement des professionnels du secteur des crypto-actifs aux obligations de prévention du blanchiment. Le présent article analyse les risques de blanchiment à partir de la blockchain au regard de la définition pénale du blanchiment, puis met en perspective les deux régimes d'assujettissement des professionnels du secteur. Il étudie enfin les difficultés de mise en œuvre de l'obligation d'identification du client dans le contexte cryptographique, face aux tentatives de reconquête technologique de l'anonymat.
Dix ans de jurisprudence européenne sur l'emprisonnement à perpétuité : un bilan en demi-teinte
Authors: Descamps Louise
Published: July 2021

Cet article dresse le bilan de dix ans de jurisprudence rendue par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme en matière d'emprisonnement à perpétuité. L'emprisonnement perpétuel a fait l'objet de très nombreuses décisions, lesquelles se doivent d'être analysées pour comprendre les critères retenus par la Haute Cour. L'article dresse finalement les enseignements, constatant un important problème de fond parfois tempéré par une procédure justement appréhendée.
Binocular Accommodation and Vergence Dysfunction in Children Attending Online Classes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Digital Eye Strain in Kids (DESK) Study-2
Authors: Mohan Amit , Sen Pradhnya , Shah Chintan , Datt Krashan , Jain Elesh
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To subjectively evaluate the degree of visual fatigue in children attending online classes during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and objectively evaluate accommodation and vergence dysfunction in these children.

Methods:

Children aged between 10 and 17 years with recent onset of asthenopia symptoms were included. Symptoms were evaluated using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) questionnaire. A CISS score of 16 or greater was considered symptomatic. Binocular vergence and accommodation parameters were objectively evaluated. For ease of comparison, children were divided into two groups: children using digital devices for less than 4 hours/day and children using digital devices for 4 hours/day or more.

Results:

A total of 46 children with a mean age of 14.47 ± 1.95 years were evaluated. The mean duration of online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic was 3.08 ± 1.68 hours/day, which is higher than before the COVID-19 pandemic (0.58 ± 0.71 hours/day,
P
< .00001). The mean CISS scores were 21.73 ± 12.81 for children using digital devices less than 4 hours/day and 30.34 ± 13.0 for children using digital devices for 4 hours/day or more (
P
= .019). Mean near exophoria (
P
= .03), negative fusional vergence (
P
= .02), negative relative accommodation (
P
= .057), and accommodation amplitude (
P
= .002) were different between the two groups. The Spearman correlation between the symptomatic CISS score and the duration of online classes showed a linear association (coefficient r
s
= 0.39;
P
= .007). In the multivariate analysis, only the duration of online classes longer than 4 hours was a significant risk factor (
P
= .07) for the symptomatic CISS score.

Conclusions:

Online classes longer than 4 hours were more detrimental to abnormal binocular vergence and accommodation parameters than online classes shorter than 4 hours.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):224–231.]
Addressing the Third Epidemic of Retinopathy of Prematurity Through Telemedicine and Technology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al-Khaled Tala , Valikodath Nita G. , Patel Samir N. , Cole Emily , Chervinko Margaret , Douglas Christina E. , Tsai Andrew S. H. , Wu Wei-Chi , Campbell J. Peter , Chiang Michael F. , Paul Chan R. V.
Published: July 2021

The rising prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in low- and middle-income countries has increased the need for screening at-risk infants. The purpose of this article was to review the impact of tele-medicine and technology on ROP screening programs. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was performed using PubMed, Pro-Quest, and Google Scholar bibliographic search engine. Terms searched included retinopathy of prematurity, telemedicine, and tele-ophthalmology. Data regarding internet access and gross domestic product per capita were obtained from the World Bank. Information was also obtained about internet access, speeds, and costs in low-income countries. There has been increasing integration of telemedicine and technology for ROP screening and management. Low-income countries are using available internet options and information and communications technology for ROP screening, which can aid in addressing the unique challenges faced by low-income countries. This provides a promising solution to the third epidemic of ROP by expanding and improving screening and management. Although telemedicine systems may serve as a cost-effective approach to facilitate delivery of health care, programs (especially in lowand middle-income countries) require national support to maintain its infrastructure.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):261–269.]