bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of extracellular vesicles derived from oral bacteria on osteoclast differentiation and activation
Authors: Kim Hyun Young , Song Min-Kyoung , Lim Younggap , Jang Ji Sun , An Sun-Jin , Kim Hong-Hee , Choi Bong-Kyu
Published: May 2022

Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota plays an important role in the progression of periodontitis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and alveolar bone loss, and associated with systemic diseases. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various bioactive molecules and show diverse effects on host environments depending on the bacterial species. Recently, we reported that EVs derived from Filifactor alocis, a Gram-positive periodontal pathogen, had osteoclastogenic activity. In the present study, we analysed the osteoclastogenic potency and immunostimulatory activity of EVs derived from the Gram-negative periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, the oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus oralis, and the gut probiotic strain Lactobacillus reuteri. Bacterial EVs were purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation using OptiPrep™ reagent. EVs from P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and S. oralis increased osteoclast differentiation and osteoclstogenic cytokine expression in osteoclast precursors, whereas EVs from L. reuteri did not. EVs from P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and S. oralis preferentially activated TLR2 rather than TLR4 or TLR9, and induced osteoclastogenesis mainly through TLR2. The osteoclastogenic effects of EVs from P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were reduced by both lipoprotein lipase and polymyxin B, an inhibitor of LPS, while the osteoclastogenic effects of EVs from S. oralis were reduced by lipoprotein lipase alone. These results demonstrate that EVs from periodontal pathogens and oral commensal have osteoclastogenic activity through TLR2 activation by lipoproteins and/or lipopolysaccharide.
Freehand S2-alar-iliac screw technique in lumbosacral spinal tumors
Authors: Xu Lun , Zhang Zhichao , Cai Weiluo , Cheng Mo , Hu Xianglin , Sun Zhengwang , Wang Shengping , Yan Wangjun , Huang Wending
Published: May 2022

Background: S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) screw technique is widely used in spinal surgery, but it is rarely seen in the field of spinal tumors. The aim of the study is to report the preliminary outcomes of the freehand S2AI screw fixation after lumbosacral tumor resection.Methods The records of patients with lumbosacral tumor who underwent S2AI screw fixation between November 2016 to November 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. A freehand S2AI screw technique was performed by senior spine surgeons. Patients’ demographic data, radiographic findings, complications and overall survival were analyzed.Results A total of 23 patients were identified in this study, including 12 males and 11 females, with an average age of 47.3±14.5 (range,15-73). The mean operation time was 224.6±54.1 (range, 155-370 minutes). The average estimated blood loss was 1560.9±887.0 (600-4000 ml). A total of 46 S2AI screws were implanted by freehand technique. CT scans showed 3 (6.5%) screws had penetrated the iliac cortex, indicating a 93.5% of implantation accuracy rate. No complications of iatrogenic neurovascular or visceral structure were observed. The average follow-up time was 31.6±15.3 months (range, 13-60 months). Two patients’ plain radiographies showed lucent zone around the screw. One patient underwent reoperation for wound delayed-infection. At the latest follow-up, eight patients had tumor-free survival, 11 had survival with tumor, and 4 died of disease.Conclusion S2AI screw fixation is a repeatable and reliable technique for lumbosacral tumor surgery. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the S2AI screws.
The impact of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease on Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Spine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Du Juan , Huang Changquan , Ma Yan , Lang Hongmei , Zhang Xingping
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate the association between Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: The lumbar BMD of 1088 subjects was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Liver fat content was quantified via ultrasound. According to clinical diagnosis, subjects were divided into T2DM and non diabetes groups. The groups were further divided into NAFLD and non- NAFLD groups. Student’s t-test assessed the differences in BMD between the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for confounders was performed to evaluate the association between lumbar BMD and NAFLD. Results: The lumbar BMD in the T2DM group and the non diabetes group was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group (P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis in the T2DM group showed that after adjusting for confounders, the association between lumbar spine BMD and NAFLD remained (P=0.027). In the non diabetes group, after adjusting for confounders, the association between NAFLD and lumbar spine BMD disappeared. Conclusions: The lumbar BMD of NAFLD patients is higher than that of non-NAFLD. After adjusting for confounding factors, lumbar BMD was associated with NAFLD in T2DM patients but not in non diabetes patients.
Implementation of a close-care model, team-talk, and person-centred tailored time; keys to support the complex care of older adults with multiple needs at home
Authors: Anbacken Els-Marie , Östlund Gunnel , Zander Viktoria , Bondesson Anna , Pettersson Tina , Gustafsson Lena-Karin
Published: May 2022

Background: This study aims to describe the pros and cons of the implementation of a close-care model for older adults with complex care needs living at home. The goal was to diminish hospitalization and still carry out high quality care at home. The close-care model was implemented by two organizations working in cooperation, the municipality, and the region. These handle social care and healthcare at the local level in Sweden to further develop safe and secure home care. Method: Six focus group interviews with personnel were carried out, half of them before the start of applying the new close-care model, and half after one year from close-care model implementation. The interviews were taped and analysed thematically.Results: Secured care satisfaction, Person tailored time, Shared professionalism, Care-chain cooperation, Caring for the next of kin were identified themes. Enrolled nurses emphasized the importance of securing professional and older person care satisfaction. The results further highlighted opportunities for being cared for at home even though the adults had multiple needs, by receiving person tailored time. Shared professionalism through close-care team-talks included nurses with different educational levels as well as rehabilitation professionals, and when needed a physician. Care-chain cooperation was another theme discussed and was experienced as delimiting repeated hospitalization. The close-care model also included person centred care as well as time to include the next of kin in the caring situation not least during palliative phases of the process. Conclusions: Trust and cooperation dilemmas are yet to be solved regarding shared professionalism and person tailored time which concerns enrolled nurses’ working conditions, and staffing stability. Another aspect is the existing digital communication boundaries between healthcare and social care organizations.
Biomarkers and Targets Identification Among CXC Chemokines in the Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: wang heng , guo ChangQing , luo jun , Li Quan , fubuqing BuQing , Jiang Wei
Published: May 2022

Background: COAD is among the most prevalent malignancy, with a very high incidence rate. Crosstalk between cancer and interstitial cells significantly affects cancer development, modulated partly by chemokines production. When present in the tumor microenvironment, CXC chemokines have been shown to regulate tumor cell activity and influence immune cell transport, resulting in anti-tumor immune mechanisms and influencing the outcomes of the patient; nonetheless, the CXC chemokines expression levels in COAD, as well as their prognostic significance, have not yet been established.Methods: This study used UALCAN, GeneMANIA, STRING, TRRUST, cBioPortal, TIMER, and GEPIA,Results: The expression of CXC1/2/3/5/6/11/12/13/14/16/17 in COAD patients was shown to be significantly correlated with the pathological stage. A considerably improved prognosis was observed in patients with low transcriptional levels of CXCL9/10/11. Differentially expressed CXC chemokines exert roles that are predominantly correlated with the chemokine signaling pathway and interactions of cytokine–cytokine receptors. Our findings indicated that the transcriptional factors, including SP1, RELA, and NFKB1 are essential for the production of CXC chemokines. Furthermore, we discovered a substantial association between the CXC chemokines production and infiltration of 6 kinds of immune cells (CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages,). Conclusions: These findings might be useful in identifying prognostic indicators and immunotherapeutic targets for colon cancer.
Multicenter case-control study evaluating the safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in a cohort of patients with systemic vasculitis
Authors: Simoncelli Edoardo , Conticini Edoardo , Colafrancesco Serena , Gattamelata Aneglica , Spinelli Francesca Romana , Garufi Cristina , Truglia Simona , Grazzini Silvia , Giardina Federico , Izzo Raffaella , Cantarini Luca , Frediani Bruno , Conti Fabrizio , Priori Roberta
Published: May 2022

Objective: Data on the safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with rare rheumatic diseases, such as systemic vasculitis (SV), are limited. Aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of a disease flare and the appearance of adverse events (AEs) following administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a multicenter cohort of patients with SV. Methods: Patients with SV and healthy controls (HCs) from two different Italian rheumatology centers were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing disease flares occurrence, defined as new onset of clinical manifestations related to vasculitis needing an implementation of therapy, and local/systemic AEs appearance following anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Results: 107 patients with SV (57 ANCA-associated) and 107 HCs were enrolled. A disease flare occurred in only one patient (0.93%) with microscopic polyangiitis after the first dose of an mRNA vaccine. Both after the first and the second vaccine dose administration, no significant differences in AEs between patients with SV and HCs were observed; no serious AEs were reported as well. Conclusions: This data suggest a good risk profile for anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with systemic vasculitis.
Fungal communities are more sensitive to the simulated environmental changes than bacterial communities in a subtropical forest: the single and interactive effects of nitrogen addition and precipitation seasonality change
Authors: He Dan , Guo Zhiming , Shen Weijun , Ren Lijuan , Sun Dan , Yao Qing , Zhu Honghui
Published: May 2022

Increased nitrogen (N) deposition and changes in precipitation seasonality can greatly impact soil microbial communities in tropical/subtropical forests. Although knowledge about the effects of a single factor on soil microbial communities is growing rapidly, little is understood about the interactive effects of these two environmental change factors. In this study, we investigated the responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to the simulated environmental changes (nitrogen addition, precipitation seasonality change, and their combination) in a subtropical forest in South China. The interaction between N and water treatments was significant for affecting some soil physicochemical properties (such as pH, soil water and NO3 − contents). Fungi were more susceptible to treatment than bacteria in a variety of community traits (alpha, beta diversity, and network topological features). The N and water treatments act antagonistically to affect fungal alpha diversity, and the interaction effect was detected significant for the dry season. The topological features of the meta-community (containing both bacteria and fungi) network overrode the alpha and beta diversity of bacterial or fungal communities in explaining the variation of soil enzyme activities. The associations between Ascomycota fungi and Gammaproteobacteria or Alphaproteobacteria might be important in mediating the inter-kingdom interactions. In summary, our results suggested that fungal communities were more sensitive to N addition and precipitation seasonality change (and their interaction) than bacterial communities, and the treatments’ effects were more prominent in the dry season, which may have great consequences in soil processes and ecosystem functions in subtropical forests.
Nasal microbiome disruption and recovery after mupirocin treatment in Staphylococcus aureus carriers and noncarriers
Authors: Baede Valérie O. , Barray Anaïs , Tavakol Mehri , Lina Gérard , Vos Margreet C. , Rasigade Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2022

Background: Nasal decolonization procedures against the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus rely on topical antimicrobial drug usage, whose impact on the nasal microbiota is poorly understood. We examined this impact in healthy S. aureus carriers and noncarriers.Methods: This is a prospective interventional cohort study of 8 S. aureus carriers and 8 noncarriers treated with nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine baths. Sequential nasal swabs were taken over 6 months. S. aureus was detected by quantitative culture and genotyped using spa typing. RNA-based 16S species-level metabarcoding was used to assess the living microbial diversity.Results: The species Dolosigranulum pigrum, Moraxella nonliquefaciens and Corynebacterium propinquum correlated negatively with S. aureus carriage. Mupirocin treatment effectively eliminated S. aureus, D. pigrum and M. nonliquefaciens, but not corynebacteria. S. aureus recolonization in carriers occurred more rapidly than recolonization by the dominant species in noncarriers (median 3 vs. 6 months, respectively). Recolonizing S. aureus isolates had the same spa type as the initial isolate. Conclusions: Mupirocin-chlorhexidine treatment had a long-lasting impact on the nasal microbiota. S. aureus recolonization predated microbiota recovery, emphasizing the strong adaptation of this pathogen to the nasal niche and the transient efficacy of the decolonization procedure.
The effects of a truncated form of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) on the expression of cytokines of autoimmune patients and healthy individuals
Authors: Rigi Garshasb , Kardar Gholamali , Hajizade Abbas , Zamani Javad , Ahmadian Gholamreza
Published: May 2022

Background: The recombinant Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is widely used in biotechnology to purify polyclonal and monoclonal IgG antibodies. At very low concentrations, the highly-purified form of the protein A can down-regulate the activation of human B-lymphocytes and macrophages which are the key cells in determining autoimmune diseases. Methods: In the present study, the efficiency of three different forms of protein A, including native SpA, the recombinant full-length SpA, and a truncated form of SpA on the reduction of 4 inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) were studied and compared to an anti-rheumatoid arthritis commercial drug, Enbrel. The recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli expression vector and the native form of SpA was commercially provided. PBMCs were obtained from adult patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy control donors. Then, the effect of different doses of the three pure forms of SpA in comparison with Enbrel was investigated by analyzing the expression of selected cytokines using ELISA. Results: The results showed that the recombinant truncated form of SpA significantly reduced the expression of the cytokines more effectively than other full-length formulations as well as the commercial drug Enbrel. In silico analysis suggests that in the truncated protein, by increasing the radius of gyration, the IgG-binding domains find a more open structure and are more exposed to IgG. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results showed that the truncated form of protein A is the most potent form of SpA that reduces the secretion of the evaluated cytokines from PBMCs in vitro.
Mortality in Psoriatic Arthritis patients, changes over time and the impact of COVID-19: Results from a multicenter Psoriatic Arthritis Registry (PsART-ID)
Authors: Erden Abdulsamet , Ayan Gizem , Kilic Levent , Solmaz Dilek , Bakirci Sibel , Kimyon Gezmis , Günal Esen Kasapoglu , Dogru Atalay , Bayindir Özün , Dalkilic Ediz , Özisler Cem , Akar Servet , Cetin Gözde Yildirim , Tarhan Emine Figen , Küçüksahin Orhan , Omma Ahmet , Gonullu Emel , Yildiz Fatih , Ersozlu Emine Duygu , Cinar Muhammed , Tufan Abdurrahman , Pehlevan Seval , Esmen Serpil Ergulu , Yilmaz Sema , Duruoz Tuncay , Kasifoglu Timucin , Yazısız Veli , Aksu Kenan , Aydin Sibel Zehra , Kalyoncu Umut
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the mortality of PsA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFrom the prospective, multicenter PsART-ID (Psoriatic Arthritis Registry-International Database), patients from Turkey were analyzed by linking the registry to the Turkish Cause of Death Registry. The outcome of interest was death from any cause, pre-pandemic (since the onset of registry – March 2014- March 2020), and during the pandemic (March 2020-May 2021). The crude mortality rate and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) were determined. ResultsThere were 1216 PsA patients with a follow-up of 7500 patient-years. Overall, 46 deaths (26 males) were observed. In the pre-pandemic period, SMR for PsA vs the general population was 0.95 (0.61-1.49), being higher in males [1.56 (0.92-2.63)] than females [0.62 (0.33-1.17)]. The crude mortality rate in PsA doubled during the pandemic (pre-pandemic crude mortality rate: 5.07 vs 10.76 during the pandemic) with a higher increase in females (2.9 vs 8.72) than males (9.07 vs 14.73).Conclusion The mortality in PsA was found similar to the general population in the pre-pandemic era. The mortality rates in PsA doubled during the pandemic. Whether PsA patients have more risk of mortality than the general population due to COVID-19, needs further studies.
A prospective observational study comparing the pediatric post anesthesia discharge scoring system with clinical discharge criteria in pediatric day surgical patients in Western China
Authors: Yang Chen , Wu Tingting , Tang Linrui , Zhang Xuebing
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the pediatric post-anesthesia discharge scoring system (Ped-PADSS), and compared with the existing clinical discharge criteria (CDC) in the day surgery ward of our hospital. Methods: After the patient completed the operation and returned to the day surgery ward, the initial assessment was conducted by an independent observer using the Ped-PADSS and CDC. This process was repeated at 1 hour intervals until the patient achieved a Ped-PADSS score of 9 and met the CDC. Results: From July to December 2021, 721 pediatric patients. One hour after returning from PACU to the day surgery ward, 92.65% of pediatric patients were dischargeable based on the Ped-PADSS scores. Two hour after returning from PACU to the day surgery ward, 100.00% of pediatric patients were dischargeable. The median length of stay in the day surgery ward (n=720) was reduced by 1 hour after surgery compared with the median length of stay in the day surgery ward before the use of the output score (P<0.05); and there were 9 (1.25%) adverse events occurred in the interval between Ped-PADSS and CDC time.Conclusion: This prospective study reveals that the Ped-PADSS-based discharge decision greatly speeds the transit of pediatric patients through the day surgery ward, thus improving day surgery ward efficiency and medical resource utilization.
ABCC6P1 pseudogene induces chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer: a new insight into the role of pseudogene in drug resistance
Authors: Hashemi Mahnaz , Golalipour Masoud
Published: May 2022

Background: The elevated drug efflux by ABC transports has been considered the primary mechanism of drug resistance in cancer. Recently, non-coding RNAs, such as pseudogenes, have been proposed to be involved in transporter-mediated drug resistance in cancer. The human genome has 22 ABC transporter pseudogenes. Among these pseudogenes, ABCC6P1, has co-expression with the ancestral gene in various human tissues. Methods and Results: In present study, we assessed the effect of ABCC6P1 pseudogene on ABCC6 expression and drug resistance. The ABCC6P1 transfected into MCF-7 cells. In ABCC6P1-overexpressing cells, the ABCC6 mRNA level increased up to 9.45-fold. The results of cell treatment with Doxorubicin, 5FU, Cisplatin, and Paclitaxel showed that the survival of ABCC6P1-overexpressing cells was higher than normal cells. Furthermore, uptake of Doxorubicin was lower after ABCC6P1 overexpression. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results show that overexpression of ABCC6P1 pseudogene induces the drug resistance phenotype, possibly through activation of the ancestral gene.
Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus using soft computing.
Authors: Punjabi Poonam , Yadav Anuradha , Sankhla Manisha , Mamta  , Mathur Sandeep , Dave Harsh S , Patel Vaishnavi , Chavhan Tushar , Manisha  , Tak Amit
Published: May 2022

Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is another pandemic of 21 century, and its control is of immense importance. Researchers developed many predictor models using soft computing techniques. The present study developed a prediction model for Type 2 DM using machine learning classifiers. The analysis excludes plasma glucose concentration and insulin concentration as predictors to explore relationships with other predictors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 108 participants aged 25 to 67 years from SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India), after approval from the ethics committee. The study developed a prediction model using machine learning techniques. The classifiers used in the application include decision trees, support vector machines, K-nearest neighbors, and ensemble learning classifiers. A total of 25 predictors were collected and underwent feature reduction. The response levels include diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and no diabetes mellitus. The models were run using three predictors and a response variable. The prediction model with the best accuracy and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was selected.
Results
The features that vary among the three groups include age, WHR, biceps skinfold thickness, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and serum creatinine, and family history of DM. After feature reduction, the age, biceps skinfold thickness, and serum creatinine were run on the Classification learner application to predict the diabetic category. The best model was subspace discriminant with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC under the ROC curve was 62.4%, 74%, 94%, and 0.70, respectively.
Conclusion
The present study concludes that age, biceps skinfold thickness, and serum creatinine combination have higher specificity in predicting type 2 DM. The study emphasized the selection of appropriate predictors along with newer machine learning algorithms.
Graph Neural Networks: a bibliometrics overview
Authors: Keramatfar Abdalsamad , Rafiee Mohadeseh , Amirkhani Hossein
Published: May 2022

Recently, graph neural networks (GNN) have become a hot topic in machine learning community. This paper presents a Scopus-based bibliometric overview of the GNNs’ research since 2004, when GNN papers were first published. The study aims to evaluate GNN research trend, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We provide the trend of research, distribution of subjects, active and influential authors and institutions, sources of publications, most cited documents, and hot topics. Our investigations reveal that the most frequent subject categories in this field are computer science, engineering, telecommunications, linguistics, operations research and management science, information science and library science, business and economics, automation and control systems, robotics, and social sciences. In addition, the most active source of GNN publications is Lecture Notes in Computer Science. The most prolific or impactful institutions are found in the United States, China, and Canada. We also provide must-read papers and future directions. Finally, the application of graph convolutional networks and attention mechanism are now among hot topics of GNN research.
Biocatalytic Strategy for Construction of sp3-Rich Polycyclic Compounds from Directed Evolution and Computational Modeling
Authors: Fasan Rudi , Vargas David A. , Ren Xinkun , Sengupta Arkajyoti , Zhu Ledong , Garcia-Borràs Marc , Houk Kendall
Published: May 2022

Catalysis with engineered enzymes has provided more efficient and streamlined routes for the synthesis and manufacturing of drug molecules. Despite landmark achievements, the potential of biocatalysis toward assisting early-stage drug discovery campaigns remains largely untapped. We have developed a novel biocatalytic strategy for the construction of sp3-rich polycyclic compounds via an intramolecular cyclopropanation of benzothiophenes and related heterocycles. Despite the inherent challenge presented by this reaction, two regiocomplementary carbene transferases were evolved to catalyze the highly stereoselective cyclization of benzothienyl substrates bearing diazo ester groups at either the C2 or C3 position of the heterocycle. The detailed mechanisms of these reactions were obtained by a combination of crystallographic and computational (quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations) analyses. Leveraging these insights, the narrow substrate scope of one of the biocatalysts could be expanded to include previously unreactive substrates, highlighting the value of integrating evolutionary and rational strategies for the development of enzymes useful for new-to-nature enzyme transformations. The molecular scaffolds made accessible by the present strategy feature a combination of 3D and stereochemical complexity with ‘rule-of-3’ properties, which should make them highly valuable for fragment-based drug discovery campaigns.
Qualitative study of process in daily life of patients with larynx/pharyngeal cancer before total laryngectomy
Authors: Kotake Kumiko , Haba Kaori , Kurita Mami , Ota Ichiro , Suzukamo Yoshimi , Kai Ichiro , Iwanaga Kazuyo , Takahashi Aya , Ishibashi Yoko , Uemura Hirokazu , Hara Yoriko , Atrata Yukiko , Kinoshita Yasuhito
Published: May 2022

Background: Many patients with larynx/pharyngeal cancer only become aware of the disease in an advanced stage due to hoarseness and a strange feeling upon swallowing. The aim of this study was to discuss what kinds of support are required for these patients by clarifying the process in their daily life prior to total laryngectomy.Methods: A qualitative study was performed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach in patients with larynx/pharyngeal cancer before total laryngectomy. In a semi-structured interview, patients were asked to talk freely about their health conditions, problems, and anxieties. Information on age, sex, family members living with the patient, occupation, diagnosis, staging, and subjective symptoms was also obtained in the interview. Results: The analysis theme of “How do cancer patients live before surgery?” had a storyline centered on {surviving surgery}. The patients had a [strange feeling] caused by a sense of a lump in the throat and pain of hoarseness, as well as [unexperienced anxiety] for their first experience of hospitalization and surgery. The core category and the two categories interacted with each other and recurred. [Unexperienced anxiety] was related to [cannot imagine] daily life after hospital discharge, and transitioned to [not knowing what will happen after surgery] until the time comes. The core category of {surviving surgery} and the three categories interacted with each other and recurred. The patients also had a positive mindset of [having a purpose in life after hospital discharge] and were [looking for positives] at that time, while making a [request of support from physicians] to improve their [strange feeling]. Quality of life (QOL) prior to laryngectomy is influenced by negative mental and physical feelings caused by cancer and by anxieties about postoperative life, but with hope for social support.Conclusions: Patients experience a “transition” before total laryngectomy, and at this turning point they try to think positively about surviving the surgery, but also feel loneliness, fear, and anxiety. These findings suggest the need for a healthcare team approach for pre- and postoperative support by staying close to a patient, even after hospital discharge.
Usefulness and limitations of cryopreservation for immunocytochemical staining of cytological specimens
Authors: Furusawa Yu , Shima-Sawa Mariko , Hifumi Tatsuro , Miyoshi Noriaki , Yamato Osamu , Yabuki Akira
Published: May 2022

Immunocytochemistry is an advanced diagnostic tool used to identify the origin of tumor cells. The present study aimed to clarify the usefulness of cryopreserved, air-dried cytology samples for the detection of cytokeratin and vimentin. Air-dried smear samples were prepared from canine tumors and stored at –30°C or room temperature without fixation. The duration of cryopreservation varied from 2 months to 4 years and 8 months. Formalin-fixed paraffin sections were also prepared from these tumors. These samples underwent enzymatic immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry for the detection of cytokeratin and vimentin. Immunoreactivity for cytokeratin was detected in samples cryopreserved for a maximum of 3 years and 10 months. Immunosignals for vimentin were clearly detected for 2 years. Expression of cytokeratin and vimentin was not detected in samples stored at room temperature for 1 week. Immunoreactivity was observed in all specimens using immunohistochemistry. These findings suggest that immunocytochemistry for cytokeratin and vimentin can be safely applied to air-dried smears that have been cryopreserved at –30°C for at least 2 years. This simple method may be useful for retrospective cytological studies and/or re-evaluation of cytology results.
Three SARS-CoV-2 recombinants identified in Brazilian children
Authors: Silva Luciane Sussuchi da , de Oliveira Cristina Mendes , Cota Bianca Della Croce Vieira , Romano Camila Malta , Levi José Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Since the emergence of the variant of concern (VOC) B.1.1.529 (Omicron) in November 20211, nearly 100 sublineages have been assigned by Pango. Recently, the co-circulation of Omicron and Delta lineages, as well as its diverse set of sublineages, has brought to attention the identification of several recombinant events. A putative new recombinant and two XE recombinants were identified in children by the GENOV surveillance program (https://dasa.com.br/en/genov/) from Dasa, Brazil. All three children haven’t traveled abroad nor their relatives, indicating that the infections by recombinants likely occurred in São Paulo city.
N6-methyladenosine-mediated CELF2 regulates CD44 alternative splicing affecting tumorigenesis via ERAD pathway in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lai Shihui , Wang Yan , Li Ting , Dong Yihong , Lin Yihao , Wang Liang , Weng Shangeng , Zhang Xiang , Lin Chengjie
Published: May 2022

Background
Alternative splicing (AS) of genes has been found to affect gene stability, and its abnormal regulation can lead to tumorigenesis. CELF2 is a vital splicing factor to participate in mRNA alternative splicing. Its downregulation has been confirmed to promote the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the regulatory role and mechanisms in PC has not been elucidated.
Results
CELF2 was downregulated in PC tissues, which affected tumor TNM stage and tumor size, and low expression of CELF2 indicated a poor prognosis of PC. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that abnormal expression of CELF2 affected the stemness, apoptosis, and proliferation of PC cells. Furthmore, we also found that CELF2 was targeted by ALKBH5 for m6A modification, leading to CELF2 degradation by YTHDF2. Bioinformatic analysis of AS model based on the TCGA database indicated that CELF2 could target CD44 to form different spliceosomes, thereby affecting the biological behavior of PC cells. The conversion of CD44s to CD44V is the key to tumorigenesis. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to reveal the mechanism of CELF2-mediated CD44 AS in PC. We found that CELF2-mediated splicing of CD44 led to changes in the level of endoplasmic reticulum stress, further regulating the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) signaling pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and cell stemness. In addition, ERAD signaling pathway inhibitor, EerI, could effectively reverse the effect of CD44 on tumors.
Conclusions
This study indicates that N6-methyladenosine-mediated CELF2 promotes AS of CD44, affecting the ERAD pathway and regulating the biological behavior of PC cells. CELF2 is expected to be a new target for targeted-drug development
FORMING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE INDEPENDENCE WHILE WRITING IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Mikhno Svitlana , Zolotova Svitlana
Published: May 2022

The article substantiates the methodology and provides the practical
experience of the organization of students’ independent work with the help of foreign
language writing in Ukrainian higher educational establishments. The article establishes the principles of providing the learning process with proven methods of individualization, determining the incentives to motivate students to intensify self-education as the most problematic aspects in the system of foreign language training. The authors identify the specific features of the methods of organizing students’ independent work in the conditions of quarantine restrictions, its peculiarities during distance learning, the advantages and disadvantages of students’ individual activities and approaches, which allow the teachers to combine students’ independent activities with online classes. The effectiveness of the implementation of extracurricular activities in the process of learning a foreign language is determined. Emphasis is made on the importance of establishing new forms of writing skills in the process of students’ independent work: the use of educational blogs. According to the authors, the technology of students’ blogging is an effective means to improve modern approaches in the system of foreign language learning. Methods of research: analysis, synthesis, generalization of the studied issue, pedagogical observation, analysis and substantiation of the practical experience of the organization of students’ independent work with the help of foreign language writing.
Community Prevalence and Risk Factors for Psychological Abuse in India
Authors: Mani Thenmozhi , Nadaraj Ambily , Yadav Bijesh , Babu Malavika , Kumar Shuba , Bangdiwala Shrikant I , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan
Published: May 2022

Violence against women has been recognized by the United Nations as a fundamental violation of women’s human rights. Although there is a good amount of research on physical violence, very little on psychological abuse from Indian researchers. In India too, domestic violence is prevalent in all sections of the community. The objectives of the study are to find the prevalence of psychological abuse in different stratum in India and the risk factors of psychological violence. A cross-sectional study based on 9938 women in rural, urban, and urban non-slum sites across India was conducted in 1998–1999. Logistic regression was done to find the risk factors of psychological violence. Despite the limitations of the 9426 women responded psychological violence, 3306 (35.1%) (95%CI: 23.1, 47.0) reported any psychological abuse in the past 1 year. The women who had lower education, from lower socioeconomic status (SES) and whose mothers-in-law not satisfied with dowry had higher risk for psychological abuse. There was a synergistic effect in psychological abuse if the woman is from low SES and the husband is an alcoholic and the risk is 7.4 times higher as compared to women who did not have both. However, alcoholism had significant independent effect when this was interacted with satisfaction of dowry. We suggest that the families should avoid asking and giving dowries. Besides these, the newly married women should be counseled to handle the conflicts at the family level so that the physical and psychological abuses can be avoided.
An Epidemiological Study of the Major Factors Influencing Outcomes in Critically Ill Obstetric Patients
Authors: Bajpayee Sonal , Jha Rakesh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: An indicator of pronounced maternal morbidity is intensive care unit (ICU) admissions of obstetric patients. Few studies have been published concerning ICU admissions of obstetric patients in the developing world. Based on the fact that the risk factors defining pronounced maternal morbidity and maternal mortality in the developing world are not fully established, the present retrospective study was conducted to analyze and evaluate the obstetric admissions to the ICU in an attempt to identify the risk factors influencing maternal outcome. Methods: This retrospective analytical study involved 200 randomly selected obstetrical patients admitted to ICUs. Prior consent was obtained from local randomly selected Tertiary care hospitals to see the records of the patients from Medical Records Department. The medical records for these patients were reviewed for the collection and classification of data including the patient characteristics, the obstetric history, the preexisting medical disorders, and the causes that necessitated admission to the ICU. Results: Major obstetric and medical conditions requiring ICU admission were hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, eclampsia, and pregnancy-induced hypertension), severe anemia, and sepsis. The number of maternal deaths was 13% of obstetric patients admitted in ICU in our study. The most common causes of maternal mortality were hemorrhagic shock and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. The observed mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) between the surviving group of patients and the non-surviving group of patients was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a need for high-dependency unit in tertiary care hospitals. Obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the major risk factors for ICU admission. Majority of complications occurred in women with gestational age of 37–42 weeks. There is a need to train obstetricians in obstetric medicine and critical care to do justice to these critically ill pregnant women. Focus of care for the obstetric patients who bear the major risk factors and who are admitted to the ICU should be carried out under the guidance of the ICU scoring systems such as the SAPS II and others such as APACHE-II and SOFA scores.
An Analytical Study about Serum Creatine Phosphokinase as Predictor and Marker of Severity in Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Agarwal Sanjay , Ramteke Rajesh B.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Organophosphorus (OP) toxicity is an important global health problem, especially in many developing countries because of their widespread use and easy accessibility. The objectives of our study were to measure serial serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, to correlate CPK levels with severity of poisoning, and to record the total dose of atropine required. Methods: This was a retrospective and analytical study. One hundred patients of either sex, having age >14 years, presented within 12 h of ingestion or inhalation of OP. It was observed that confirmation of OP poisoning was done by seeing the packet/container with clinical presentation. Clinical severity was categorized according to Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale. Results: The severity of the poisoning increased in respect to POP score, the serum CPK levels, and total dose of atropine required for treatment also increased. The difference in serial CPK levels in patients without intermediate syndrome (IMS) and with IMS, it was observed that the difference in CPK between these patients was highly significant at baseline and 48 h. There was an increase in CPK levels at admission and 48 h, but reduced by 96 h. A weak positive correlation was observed between POP score and CPK levels, as well as CPK, and atropine dose. A negative correlation was observed between butyrylcholinesterase and CPK levels. Conclusion: In our opinion, these observations suggest that there is a direct relation between serum CPK levels and IMS. Hence, it is necessary for estimating CPK levels, especially after 48 h, in moderate-to-severe poisoning patients so that IMS can be recognized at the earliest and patients can be referred to higher centers for immediate management of respiratory failure, reducing morbidity and mortality.
Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in a Community Resident in an Area Designated as “High Risk” for Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Origin in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chulasiri Pubudu , Widanapathirana Nimali , Senanayake Sameera , Ruwanpathirana Thilanga , Gunawardana Nalika
Published: May 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) where etiology cannot be attributed to any known etiology is named CKD of uncertain etiology (CKDu). The main aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), treatment coverage, and glycemic control and its effect on renal function of patients with DM in a rural community affected by CKDu in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional representative household survey (n = 4803) was conducted in Anuradhapura district. A random blood sugar (RBS), blood pressure, bio-impedance measurements, and renal profile were measured using standard instruments and protocols. Prevalence of DM based on self-reports verified by records was 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1–8.7). Among the 4425 who did not give a history of being diagnosed ever as having DM, 2.1% (95% CI: 1.7–2.5) were classified as “possible diabetes” (RBS of more than 200 mg/dl with no history of DM). Although 76.2% were on treatment, glycemic control was poor in 40.2% (95% CI: 34.9–45.0). The presence of DM was associated with poor renal function. One in ten individuals in the rural district of Anuradhapura has possible DM. DM poses a significant burden to CKD even in populations affected by CKDu. Hence, public health initiatives should be implemented to control both CKDu and DM in these rural communities.
Determinants of Low Birth Weight in India: An Investigation from a Single Hospital Survey in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Jain Anuradha , Jain Ashwin , Jain Vimalkant , Shrivastava Priyanka , Patel Pragati
Published: May 2022

Background: Birth weight is one of the most important criteria for determining the neonatal and infant survival. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health concern, especially in developing countries, and is frequently related to child morbidity and mortality. LBW is a major public health concern and one of the strongest single risk factors for early neonatal mortality and morbidity. Materials and Methods: About 1000 live newborns on the 1st day of birth and their mothers were studied from the department of obstetrics and gynecology and intensive neonatal care, department of pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital between January 2016 and December 2019. Examinations of mother and newborns were carefully carried out in all cases recorded on a pretested and predesigned pro forma. Results: Mothers weighing <45 kg delivered significantly higher number of LBW babies than normal birth babies. This is statistically very highly significant. It appears that mothers with mid-arm circumference (MAC) 22 cm or less had given birth to much higher number of LBW babies (74.8%), while mothers with MAC >26 cm gave birth to higher number of LBW babies than normal BW babies. This is very highly significant (P < 0.001). Mothers who had taken iron plus folic acid tablets only for few days in any of the trimesters had given birth to higher number of LBW babies while mothers who have taken hematinics throughout pregnancy or taken irregularly had given birth to most of normal birth weight babies. The incidence of LBW was almost 2 ½ times more in joint family (72.6%) than nuclear family. Mothers with moderate to severe anemia have given birth to higher number of LBW babies. Mothers with Hb >10 g% gave birth to higher number of normal BW babies. Conclusion: LBW and premature babies were more prevalent in joint families, with low socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, and housewives. With increase in income, both LBW and prematurity decreased reflecting a better distribution of nutrition and care for pregnant and the newborn. Mothers educated till primary school and unskilled workers had higher prevalence of LBW babies.
Dental and Oral Problems among Diabetic Patients: A Developing Country Local Perceptual Study
Authors: AlMulhim Azzam A. S. , Zakaria Ossama M. , Daoud Mohamed Yasser Ibrahim , Almulhim Saleh A. S.
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is globally considered as a commonly encountered, non-communicable disease. Aim: The main study objective was to gauge how a section of diabetic patients in a developing nation does perceive the general complications of DM with a special emphasis on the oral health. It also aimed to evaluate their knowledge and practice of oral hygiene and dental health care in general. Methodology: A cross-sectional Arabic language questionnaire-based study was performed. It included 24 questions. Study sample was those diabetic patients attending the different themes of the university health outpatients clinics. It included patients, suffering from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for version 26.0. Armonk, NY, IBM Corporation. Results: Nine hundred and eighteen diabetic patients were included in the study. They were 507 females and 411 males the female-to-male ratio of 1.2–1. Their average age ranged from 10 up to 68 years. Studied sample showed 532 illiterate patients (58%). The remaining 386 literate ranged from elementary education up to university. Five hundred and seventy patients (65%) suffered of DM for more than 12 years. Among the total studied 918 patients, 165 (18%) were smokers. Three hundred and seven patients (40%) were highly oriented with the dental and oral complications of diabetes with different perceptual levels. Conclusion: Although DM patients are highly susceptible to suffer of an increased risk of developing dental caries, their knowledge and perception dental health was deficient. However, most of them attained satisfactory knowledge about different. Medical complications of diabetes and the effect of DM on the body systems. There overall practice of oral hygiene is found to be good. Despite the limited sample size of the current study, it highlighted the necessity of inaugurating a more intensive community educational program to educate the general population about the general health complication of DM with a special of focus on oral and dental health. It is recommended to carry other similar studies with higher numbers in the future to assure the efficacy of public educational programs.