bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renovación sanitaria y utilidad comercial: las expediciones botánicas en la España ilustrada
Authors: Puerto Javier , González Antonio
Published: May 2022

Se destaca el movimiento de reforma introducido en la botánica europea por el nuevo sistema de Linneo, y su recepción creciente entre los farmacéuticos y médicos españoles, dirigidos por mucho tiempo por la figura de Casimiro Gómez Ortega, director del nuevo Botánico de Madrid (1771-1800). Se relacionan con él las famosas expediciones ilustradas, en particular las de interés botánico, y se enfatizan sus implicaciones utilitarias (farmacológicas y comerciales).
Los condicionantes politicos de la Comisión Científica del Pacifico: nacionalismo e hispanoamericanismo en la España bajoisabelina (1854-1868)
Authors: López-Ocón Leoncio , Puig-Samper Miguel Angel
Published: May 2022

Estudio del contexto histórico en el que se gestó la última expedición de naturalistas enviada por el Estado español a América, entre 1862 y 1865, conocida como la Comisión científica del Pacífico. Analizando diversos testimonios, procedentes en su mayor parte de informes diplomáticos, se consideran las motivaciones estratégicas que impulsaron a los gobernantes de la Unión Liberal a remitir al Pacífico una escuadra naval, a la que se agregó a última hora una comisión científica.
La Isabela. Vida y ocaso de una ciudad efímera
Authors: Varela Consuelo
Published: May 2022

Se ofrecen algunos importantes datos sobre la primera ciudad española de América, tomados de cronistas y contemporáneos: fundación (6 enero 1494), rasgos urbanos, rastreándose con detenimiento los motivos que indujeron para abandonarla (1500); razones estratégicas (localización improcedente, escasez de zonas agrícolas, puerto con escaso calado), y ambientales (peste, casas destruidas por un incendio, pillaje) forzaron a la despoblación y a su sustitución por un núcleo urbano de mejor porvenir (Santo Domingo).
La estructura comercial del Caribe en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Pérez Herrero Pedro
Published: May 2022

El autor se propone analizar la estructura productiva y comercial del ámbito geográfico del Caribe en la época aludida, para dilucidar si este área siguió funcionando integralmente como una región económica o si, por el contrario, se dieron variaciones importantes e incluso un resquebrajamiento total de la misma.
Movimientos subversivos en la América española durante el siglo XVIII. Clasificación general y bibliografía básica
Authors: Laviana Cuetos Maria Luisa
Published: May 2022

Trabajo de síntesis que ofrece un completo estado de la cuestión y una nueva propuesta de clasificación de los movimientos subversivos durante el siglo XVIII. La autora opta por una unificación de criterios (económicos, sociales, políticos, ideológicos ... ) y distingue dos grandes grupos: los levantamientos de población no integrada y los de población integrada en el sistema hispánico. Como complemento aporta una exhaustiva bibliografía, tanto general como por regiones.
La evangelización en Perú y Japón durante el siglo XVI
Authors: Iwasaki Cauti Fernando
Published: May 2022

Se estudian aquí los distintos factores del proceso evangelizador en ambas zonas, Perú y Japón, en conjunción con los caracteres de las religiones locales, lo que habría motivado "sincretismos" o, cuando menos, confusiones. Se insiste y argumenta el trasfondo político y económico de la labor misionera de la Iglesia Católica, señalando los elementos que desembocaron con el enfrentamiento entre Ordenes. Finalmente se analizan la tolerancia e intransigencia doctrinaria como estrategias de la misma labor evangelizadora.
Aduanas, comerciantes y nación mercantil. Trujillo, 1796-1836
Authors: García Vera José Antonio
Published: May 2022

Estudio que se plantea qué es Nación mercantil. Las fuentes escritas que utiliza son los cuadernos de aduana de la Administración Real de Alcabalas (1796-1836) del Archivo General de la Nación, completando la información con los informes prefecturales (1821-1836) y recuperando información en los protocolos notariales del Archivo Departamental de La Libertad. El estudio demuestra que la existencia de un mercado nacional tiene su antecedente cronológico en la ampliación del mercado regional. El grupo comercial hegemónico, post independencia, conquista para sí una fracción de la representación política nacional al investirse como diputados. El cambio de dirección del comercio entre los años 1819-1824 tiene su correlato en el desplazamiento de los hacendados-comerciantes por los comerciantes profesionales. Contabiliza las cifras de comercio de importación y exportación, así como la comparación de distintas situaciones, personas y volúmenes en cada momento histórico.
Repartos ilícitos y familias principales. El sur andino: 1780-1824
Authors: Cahill David P.
Published: May 2022

Se trata de un análisis de la persistencia de los repartimientos de mercancías después de su abolición en 1780, a partir sobre todo de documentación en el Archivo Departamental del Cuzco. Tales repartos ilícitos difirieron de sus análogos legales, sobre todo al fallar un componente clave: la ropa de la tierra. Se investiga también el involucramiento de las familias principales cuzqueñas en el sistema de repartos antes de 1780, enfatizando sus relaciones comerciales y de parentesco con los corregidores del sur andino. Después de 1780, las mismas familias tuvieron poco que ver con el funcionamiento de los repartos ilícitos, pero éstos, en su desarrollo, no les permitieron la posibilidad de recuperar su posición dominante de antaño, a cual había sido basada sobre los repartos y la producción textil (y de granos). Los repartos ilícitos son analizados como solamente un hilo de una red de actividades económicas y comerciales de los subdelegados de las Intendencias del Cuzco y Puno.
Orígenes coloniales de la poesía peruana
Authors: Higgins James
Published: May 2022

Este artículo se propone demostrar que muchas de las tendencias de la poesía peruana contemporánea tienen sus orígenes en el pasado colonial. Hoy, como en el primer siglo de la colonia, la práctica de la poesía sigue siendo una actividad heroica llevada a cabo en condiciones impropias para la creación literaria, y para muchos poetas las letras representan una patria espiritual en un medio alienante. Por lo general, la poesía colonial fue convencional y conformista, pero existió también una corriente satírica que inició una larga tradición de poesía contestataria que cuestiona los valores imperantes de una sociedad jerárquica. Finalmente, la poesía de las últimas décadas de la colonia refleja la situación ambivalente del poeta contemporáneo, quien se encuentra trabajando dentro de y contra la tradición occidental, la cual procura renovar para forjarse una expresión propia.
La promoción social en el Alto Perú: El Colegio para huérfanas de Charcas a finales del siglo XVIII
Authors: Gato Castaño Purificación
Published: May 2022

El obispo de Charcas, José Antonio de San Alberto, promueve en las postrimerías del siglo XVIII la fundación de escuelas femeninas en Córdoba, Catamarca, La Plata y Potosí. Su programa educativo para la mujer refleja la inquietud de la época por la promoción cultural de este grupo social, cuyo papel en el ámbito doméstico queda, no obstante, priorizado por las normativas de los centros fundados. Los mismos, que acogen a niñas indias y españolas indistintamente, significan en el virreinato del Río de la Plata un tímido intento de desarticular el sistema de castas imperante, al tiempo que involucran a toda la sociedad en su financiación y consenso. La promoción educativa aquí analizada proyecta, además, el estrecho control burocrático que la administración borbónica impuso a las instituciones americanas así como el conflicto de intereses a que a menudo condujo la mutua invasión de espacios entre el poder político y el religioso.
Los Lucayos, ¿guías náuticos de Colón en el primer viaje? (La navegación entre Guanahaní y Samoet)
Authors: Ramos Gómez Luis J.
Published: May 2022

Se analiza el tema de la fiabilidad del testimonio de Colón acerca de sus fuentes náuticas de información, proponiendo la hipótesis de su posible sesgo interesado. Aparte de las limitaciones propias de los nativos, se aduce la natural desinformación española, el prejuicio con que se tomaron estos testimonios, y el posible interés personal de Colón en «legitimar» su propio derrotero.
El agua en la problemática científica de las primeras metrópolis coloniales hispanoamericanas
Authors: Sala Catalá José
Published: May 2022

Dentro de la extensa red urbana colonial, la función metropolitana atribuida a varias ciudades, en particular a México y Lima, supuso un esfuerzo especial de los colectivos técnicos locales sobre sus infraestructuras. En el presente artículo se describen los problemas que suscitaron dicha intervención, así como los géneros de literatura científica en que se expresaron. El pronóstico meteorológico, la salubridad viaria, la potabilidad de las aguas, las inundaciones o la creación de infraestructuras portuarias, convocaron a los incipientes colectivos técnicos locales y consolidando una tradición de conocimiento científico y tecnológico sobre el propio territorio.
Ilustración y radicalización ideológica en el Consulado de Buenos Aires (1755-1810)
Authors: Navarro Floria Pedro
Published: May 2022

El estudio, que forma parte de una tesis doctoral más amplia sobre el Consulado de Buenos Aires, intenta revelar las claves del surgimiento y crisis de los proyectos científicos ilustrados en el seno de la burguesía criolla de Buenos Aires. Son analizadas, en particular, las iniciativas del Consulado de Comercio y de su secretario Manuel Belgrano referentes a la reunión y transmisión de información económica y a la difusión de conocimientos de economía política y ciencias exactas. La falta de apoyo oficial a estos proyectos determina su fracaso, y el surgimiento de una conciencia políticamente radicalizada.
Los primeros tiempos de la «Revista de Indias»
Authors: Ezquerra Abadía Ramón
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
La demografía en «Revista de Indias»
Authors: Moyano Bazzani Eduardo L.
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
La mujer indígena americana en «Revista de Indias»
Authors: Alberti Manzanares Pilar
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
El americanismo en Granada (1970-1989)
Authors: Molina Martínez Miguel
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
El Misisipí y la Luisiana colonial en la historiografía española, 1940-1989
Authors: Hilton Sylvia L.
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Historiografía de las Guerras independentistas cubanas siglo XIX
Authors: Domingo Acebrón M.ª Dolores
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Aportación española a la historia del Derecho indiano ( 1940-1989)
Authors: Sánchez Bella Ismael
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Poblacion y economía en el Pedemonte Andino de Bolivia. Las misiones de Apolobamba, Mosetenes y Yurakares en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Santamaria Daniel J.
Published: May 2022

No disponible
La expedicion del atlas de la america septentrional (1792-1810): origenes y recursos
Authors: González-Ripoll Navarro M.ª Dolores
Published: May 2022

No disponible
L’aide à l’acculturation disciplinaire universitaire : étude de pratiques enseignantes du supérieur en biologie
Authors: Régent-Kloeckner Myriam
Published: May 2022

La transition enseignement secondaire/université est un sujet d’étude depuis au moins 30 ans. L’apprentissage du « métier d’étudiant » peut être vu comme un processus d’acculturation : un processus d’apprentissage des modèles, des normes et modes de comportements régissant un groupe social. L’originalité de ce travail est de proposer une approche disciplinaire ; il s’intègre dans la dynamique des études des pratiques enseignantes universitaires qui ont émergé en France ces dernières années, notamment celles qui visent à rendre compte de la diversité des pratiques permettant de rapprocher les étudiants des savoirs théoriques et pratiques visés par les enseignants. En effet, l’étudiant doit progressivement s’affilier à la fois à l’institution mais aussi à la discipline. À partir d’une étude de cas, différents éléments de pratique de deux enseignants-chercheurs de biologie cellulaire, qui pourraient aider les étudiants à s’affilier à cette discipline, ont été révélés, tels que des références aux techniques, aux modèles et aux raisonnements en lien avec une épistémologie disciplinaire plus marquée dans les objectifs de savoir du supérieur.
Mobilité et production du savoir dans le soufisme marocain (xixe-xxie siècles)
Authors: Niane Seydi Diamil
Published: May 2022

Au milieu du xixe siècle, et depuis les Lieux Saints de l’islam, le Mauritanien Aḥmad b. Bābā al-‘Alawī envoyait son poème didactique sur la confrérie soufie Tijāniyya, Munyat al-murīd (Le désir de l’Aspirant), à son ami Marocain Muḥammad al-‘Arabī b. al-Sā’iḥ. Ce dernier en proposa le commentaire intitulé Bughyat al-mustafīd li-sharḥ munyat al-murīd (Le souhait du bénéficiaire pour le commentaire du Désir de l’aspirant). Le texte constitue un apport majeur à la littérature de la Tijāniyya. Il est encore étudié de nos jours, notamment par des étudiants subsahariens au Maroc, ce qui favorise sa circulation entre le Maghreb et l’Afrique au sud du Sahara. De par son commentaire de Munyat al-murīd, Bughyat al-mustafīd est devenu l’une des références privilégiées de la Tijāniyya. Son principal apport réside dans la manière dont il a contribué à la fixation de l’orthodoxie de la confrérie en l’ancrant dans ce qui est désormais connu comme le « soufisme réformé ». L’analyse qu’il contient du scellement de la sainteté (khatm al-wilāya) en fait une œuvre originale dans les premiers temps de la Tijāniyya.
Pérégrinations du matn d’Ibn ‘Āshir (xviie siècle) : renouveau et réappropriations concurrentielles du malikisme au sein de l’enseignement islamique francophone
Authors: Van Praet Younes Johan
Published: May 2022

Le matn d’Ibn ‘Āshir (1582-1631) constitue probablement le texte de droit malikite qui symbolise le plus le malikisme marocain. Composé par un illustre savant de Fès au xviie siècle, il est mémorisé très tôt dans l’enseignement des actes cultuels destiné aux enfants au sein des madāris et figure au cœur du programme de l’institut Mohammed VI de Rabat chargé de la formation d’imams franco-marocains. Parallèlement à cela, le matn Ibn ‘Āshir figure parmi les récentes productions de l’édition francophone du patrimoine islamique qui connait un nouveau souffle. Dans ce contexte j’ai moi-même rencontré l’œuvre d’Ibn ‘Āshir lors d’une enquête de terrain ethnographique en France sur la transmission des savoirs islamiques. Je propose de décrire cette résurgence du matn en contexte francophone à travers les pratiques pédagogiques tout en rendant compte des tensions qui accompagnent celui-ci. Ensuite, je montrerai en quoi les pratiques de transmission autour de ce matn apparaissent comme centrales pour comprendre une part des enjeux contemporains qui transforment la scène islamique francophone.
La bibliothèque de ʿAbd al-Ḥayy Kattānī
Authors: Amharar Ilyass
Published: May 2022

‘Abd al-Ḥayy al-Kattānī est né en 1883 dans une famille de savants fassis proches du pouvoir. Chef de confrérie, il s’est également investi en politique ; son implication dans la tentative de déposition de Muḥammad V précipita son exil à Nice où il mourut en 1962, après confiscation de ses biens, parmi lesquels une impressionnante collection privée : la Maktaba kattāniyya. Fruit d’années d’efforts et de nombreuses pérégrinations du savant marocain au Maghreb, au Moyen-Orient mais aussi en Europe, les milliers de manuscrits rares qu’elle compte font de cette bibliothèque l’une des plus riches et précieuses de tout le monde arabe. Après une brève présentation du parcours de ‘Abd al-Ḥayy, cet article décrit précisément le contenu de la bibliothèque, son rayonnement dans le monde arabe, son rôle sous le protectorat et sa postérité.
Islam et modernité dans un manuel d’école au Maroc
Authors: De Meyer Mathias
Published: May 2022

Dans cet article, nous tâchons de montrer comment le manuel scolaire, entendu comme dispositif matériel, transforme les rapports à l’islam. Pour ce faire, nous nous penchons d’abord sur les « contenus sémantiques » d’un manuel d’arabe de troisième année de primaire de l’enseignement public marocain. Nous montrons comment l’islam s’y trouve lié, de façon explicite, à la nation marocaine et à la monarchie. Nous mettons en perspective ces discours avec le concept « d’objectivation » de l’islam. Dans un deuxième temps, nous considérons les formes matérielles du manuel pour montrer que les processus d’objectivation se déploient aussi « en deçà » des discours, au niveau de la mise en page, des espaces lacunaires et des tableaux que l’on croise page après page. Nous montrons comment ces formes matérielles particulières répondent à une disposition proprement moderne des savoirs et comment ils réagencent l’islam en conséquence.
Voix et voies d’islam africains. Enjeux et pratiques de la formation aux métiers du culte au Maroc
Authors: Bava Sophie , El Asri Farid , Hamdaoui Yousra
Published: May 2022

فرض المغرب نفسه خلال العقود الأخيرة في بلدان إفريقيا جنوب الصحراء وأوروبا، كبلد فاعل في كل ما له صلة بالتكوينات الدينية المؤهلة لامتهان وظائف تدبير المساجد والخطابة والوعظ. والحال أنه منذ 2015، يعرض معهد محمد السادس لتكوين الأئمة والمرشدين والمرشدات بالرباط، سلك تكوين خاص بالوظائف الدينية لصالح طلبة مغاربة، وآخرين وافدين من دول الجوار أو من غيرها من دول العالم، وتهدف البرامج المعتمدة كلها إلى تأطير الممارسات الدينية داخل المساجد، وترشيد الخطب والوعظ والإرشاد. وتعد العملية برمتها إحدى أدوات السياسات العامة، التي ترمي إلى تقديم خطاب يُراد له أن يكون في الآن نفسه بديلًا وراسخًا في ممارسة دينية متأصلة منذ قرون عديدة. وتتناسب التجربة وظرفية مرحلية في إفريقيا، تغلب عليها الحركية، وانتشار خطاب وممارسات من صميم التوجهات الراديكالية، والتي يأخذ بعضها منحى عنيفًا في سياق الأديان المعاصرة. ويطمح المعهد من خلال تقديم تعليم هادف وتأطير المتعلمين تأطيرًا كاملًا، إلى تزويد الطلبة بمعرفة دينية مناسبة، قابلة للتطبيق في كل مكان، عبر ترويج معرفة قابلة للتصدير. وتعتبر المؤسسة في الوقت الراهن مجال التقاء للترويج لنموذج لتبليغ العلوم الدينية، يعتقد في فعاليته وصلاحه، كما أنها تمهد السبيل لريادة دينية في المجال المجاور. ويولي معهد محمد السادس أهمية خاصة للقارة الإفريقية، ويبغي اكتساب مواقع رائدة على المستوى الدولي. وقصد التأصيل للعديد من الأفكار، تستعرض المقالة بعض مظاهر التأثير والتأطير في سلوكيات وقناعات طلبة من مالي والسنغال.
Black Feminism and Transnational Solidarity: Mobilization against Police Violence in France
Authors: Beaman Jean
Published: May 2022

On the basis of about three years of ethnographic research, including interviews with activists, I discuss the role of black feminist activism and transnational solidarity in the movement against police violence, and the resonance of Black Lives Matter in France. I focus on how men of Black and Maghrebin origin are predominately killed at the hands of police, and how women of Black and Maghrebin origin women, including Assa Traoré and Ramata Dieng, are leading this burgeoning movement. This current movement of Black feminist activism is in conversation with earlier periods of Black feminist activism in France as well as with the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States. Black women activists navigate how to respond to police violence that disproportionately targets particular ethno-racial populations in a context that does not acknowledge the relationship between police violence and racism. They do so by locating the specificity of their identities as both Black and women. Black women’s activism is not only motivated by their particular positionality, but it is also shaped by it. Their unique standpoint (Collins 1986) as Black women, sisters, mothers and daughters also characterizes the transnational solidarity these women activists share with Black Feminist activists around the world. I argue that such a Black Feminist perspective is essential to understand racism in postcolonial France. In Part 1, I introduce the specific context of Black Lives Matter and police violence in France and the United States, including the deaths of Adama Traoré and George Floyd and the need for a Black Feminist interpretative reading of this context. In Part 2, I discuss Black feminist ethnography and the methods for this study, including my positionality as a Black American woman. I further articulate how the French Republican context silences discussions of race and racism, and relegates these concepts as “imports” from the United States. In Part 3, I provide a background on Black feminist activism, including intersectionality and the history of Black feminism in France and the rest of Europe. In Part 4, I discuss notions of transnational blackness, and how to consider the connections between blackness in both France and the U.S., as well as connections among racialized populations in both societies. I also discuss the relevance and resonance of Black Lives Matter in France, and how Black feminism provides a way to analyze these connections. In Part 5, I provide examples from my ethnographic research and interviews of Black women activists mobilizing against police violence. In the conclusion, I consider what it means to center Black women in our analysis of racism, not just in the United States, but also in France.
Tools and Means to Facilitate Understanding of TVET Models in Developing Countries
Authors: Wolf Stefan
Published: May 2022

The topic is to bridge concepts from Western international and comparative TVET research with TVET development in developing countries. The main aim is to offer a concept to facilitate the understanding of the often diverse TVET models in developing countries. In the conceptual approach, the authors will rely (1) on two typologies of TVET models, as these allow a comparison to be made, while at the same time permissibly simplifying the complex characteristics of TVET. Both are selected from the long-standing scientific discourse in international comparative science. One from the more German background of comparative TVET research and the other from the comparative political science. (2) In order to understand the context deeper, they use the concept of work culture. After the explication, they give an outline of findings from a case research within the Egyptian construction industry and then show the prospects and the limits for this conceptual approach.
Ecosystem of Learning in Initial Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Novojen Olga , Birnaz Nina
Published: May 2022

This chapter applies critical theory to analyze the impact of ecosystems-based theoretical models of learning and communication on vocational training at the initial level. The stories of change and challenge in this area is guided by UNESCO-UNESCO-UNEVOC's international program on technical and vocational education and training, as well as by global initiatives such as education for all and education for sustainable development. The chapter has three main purposes: (1) to emphasize the need to redefine the what it means to be entrepreneur, (2) to explore the impact of ecosystems-based theoretical models of learning and communication on entrepreneurial competence, and (3) to develop an innovative model for development of entrepreneurial competence.
Choices, Courses, and Companies
Authors: Peri Narasimham
Published: May 2022

How do students of post-secondary vocational education make career choices, and how/how much do the institutional systems of VE/VT support them? This chapter traces the expectations, choices, and alternatives encountered by the students enrolled at vocational institutions in India. Referred to as industrial training institutes (ITIs), these institutions bridge the transition from school to employment. The research uses the “safety net” theory of vocational education to assess student choices and preferences to analyze the reasons why students pursue a course at the ITI. The study includes a survey of 212 students in two-year programs. In-depth interviews were conducted with teachers in the same institutes where the survey was administered to the students. In the process, the role of such vocational institutions is assessed with respect to the correspondences with the larger VE/VT system in the country, thereby offering relevant insights into changes that are underway from recent policy measures.
Work-Integrated and Workplace Learning in New Zealand
Authors: Hoskyn Katharine
Published: May 2022

In New Zealand there is extensive and increasing use of various forms of work-based learning. The focus of the chapter is on work-integrated learning to read work-integrated learning in formal academic programs, as part of a broader state-backed strategy to improve employability among graduates. Alongside developments in practice there is also a considerable and growing body of accompanying research, much of it disseminated through The International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning (IJWIL) and other forums. These forums mean that dissemination of, and debate about, good practice regularly occur in the New Zealand environment. Collectively all these practices ensure that workplace learning and work-integrated learning in New Zealand maintain profile in policy, pedagogy, and programs. To date practice is principally aimed at younger people rather than older adults, resulting in, for example, limited use of recognition of prior learning (RPL).
Examination of Vocational Schools as Sustainable Human Resources in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Olgun Bülent Özgür , Koç Aytekin Güner
Published: May 2022

In today's business world, having talented, educated, and qualified employees who can use technological developments has become an important advantage. Maintaining this superiority can be done with employees who are technically business-oriented. Economic uncertainty in the global markets enables countries to attach importance to vocational education, which will make their youth a part of the current economic process. The aim of this study is to reveal the necessity of vocational education in vocational high schools and vocational schools of higher education in our country to sustainably meet the global workforce needs of supply chain management. In this context, South Korea has been selected on global scale, which is thought to play an important role in the vocational education policies implemented in her development, and the general and vocational education system examined has been compared with the situation in Turkey.
Gender Equality and Relevant European Policies Regarding Vocational Education and Labour Market
Authors: Papakitsos Evangelos C. , Kiousi Eleni , Florakos Georgios , Patsiada Evanthia , Makrygiannis Panagiotis S.
Published: May 2022

This chapter aims firstly at examining the impact of gender stereotypes on choosing vocational education or profession. Secondly, the relevant policies of European Union and Greece, in particular, are presented and commented upon. For this purpose, relevant data have been collected from four related surveys conducted in the years 2008, 2010, 2014, and 2017, mainly in the high schools of Attica (Greece). The results from these four surveys only partially confirm the original hypothesis, namely that the gender stereotypes influence the decision-making process of choosing a field of vocational study or profession, but also indicate that there are significant correlations between specific occupations per gender identity and stereotypical perceptions. Finally, the harmonious coexistence of the sexes requires the development of self-knowledge and critical thinking. This can be achieved only by raising the awareness of teachers, who are called to improve the critical self-knowledge and social knowledge of individuals through the implementation of policies regarding school and local society.
Construction of a Silver Nanoparticle Complex and its Application in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Li Wan Fen , Ma Hao Hai , Dong Pei Yu , Liang Chen Lin , Li Long , Zhang Xi Feng
Published: May 2022

Nanomedicine has been used in tumor treatment and research due to its advantages of targeting, controlled release and high absorption rate. Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs), with the advantages of small particle size, and large specific surface area, are of great potential value in suppressing and killing cancer cells. Methods: AgNPs–polyethyleneimine (PEI) –folate (FA) (AgNPs–PF) were synthesised and characterised by several analytical techniques. The ovarian cancer cell line Skov3 was used as the cell model to detect the tumor treatment activity of AgNPs, AgNPs–PF and AgNPs+ AgNPs–PF. Results: Results shown that AgNPs–PF were successfully constructed with uniform particle size of 50–70 nm. AgNPs, AgNPs–PF, AgNPs–PF+ AgNPs all showed a certain ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, increase reactive oxygen species and decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential. All AgNPs, AgNPs–PF, AgNPs+ AgNPs–PF promoted DNA damage in Skov3 cells, accompanied by the generation of histone RAD51 and γ-H2AX site, and eventually leading to the apoptosis of Skov3 cells. The combination of AgNPs–PF and AgNPs had a more pronounced effect than either material alone. Conclusion: This study is to report that the combination of AgNPs+ AgNPs–PF can cause stronger cytotoxicity and induce significantly greater cell death compared to AgNPs or AgNPs–PF alone in Skov3 cells. Therefore, the combined application of drugs could be the best way to cancer treatment.
New Mobile Cloud Computing Approach Based Multi-Agent System For OWL-S Services
Authors: Hamida Souraya , Kazar Okba
Published: May 2022

Using mobile cloud technology, local application resources can move into the cloud computing resource pool in the form of web services. The web services discovery and execution processes in the mobile environment are considered as a very difficult challenge. Moreover, these processes may degrade network performance due to the mobile environment. To overcome these issues, we present a new approach for better discovery, selection, execution, and negotiation of OWL-S services by utilizing a multi-agent system in mobile cloud computing. By using the Multi-Agent System (mobile agent and fixed agent), these processes are made with the minimum utilization of resources because the mobile agents migrate to targeted services and interact locally with them. Moreover, the use of mobile agent overcomes the problems related to the mobile environment and wireless devices. Besides, it automatizes the discovery, selection, execution, and negotiation of OWL-S services. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. Moreover, we conclude that the mobile agent is a good solution to eliminate the problem of wireless devices and the mobile environment, and reduced the execution time of service discovery and invocation. Also, the finding indicates that cloud computing is a good solution to eliminate the problem of storage and execution in mobile devices. Besides, the context-aware provides a more accurate service selection.
Performance Advantages and Resonance Analysis of a Variable Speed Rotor Using Geometrically Exact Beam Formulations
Authors: Chandrasekaran Ruthvik , Hodges Dewey H
Published: May 2022

The efficiency and operating envelope of rotorcraft are constrained by the speed of the rotor. Most helicopters operate with a constant rotor speed. Varying the speed of the rotor based on the operating condition could significantly improve the rotor's performance. In this study, a
hingeless rotor model with elastic blades is built-in DYMORE to study various aspects of variable speed rotor technology. The rotor blades are modeled as one-dimensional beams using state-of-the-art beam theory known as the geometrically exact beam theory. An unsteady aerodynamics model with
dynamic stall and finite-state dynamic inflow is used to obtain the aerodynamic loads acting on the rotor. The power savings that can be achieved at various advance ratios by varying the speed of the rotor is evaluated. Maximum power savings of 41% was achieved at a nominal advance ratio of
0.2. However, changing the rotor speed leads to vibration issues when a rotor blade passes through a resonance point. A methodology to identify the important resonance points for a given flight condition and rotor speed transition is also provided. The forces acting on the rotor blade during
resonance crossings at different advance ratios are evaluated. It is found that the amplitude increase during resonance crossing is strongly dependent on the amplitude of the cyclic pitch angles during resonance.
[Three new breeding sites of the Pallid swift (Apus pallidus) in the L'Aquila province in the central Apennines]
Authors: Hueting Steven , Miglio Marinella , Santucci Bruno
Published: May 2022

Three new breeding sites of the Pallid swift Apus pallidus between 700 and 1300 m a.s.l. in Abruzzo (Italy), the first known for the central Apennines, are described.
Prevalence and characteristics of eating disorders among college students of a nonmetro city of Gujarat
Authors: Raval Chintan Madhusudan , Bhatt Renish Bhupendrabhai , Tiwari Deepak S. , Panchal Bharat N.
Published: May 2022

Context:

There is a relative paucity of prevalence data about eating disorders (EDs) in India among young population.

Aims:

We aimed to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of EDs and abnormal eating behaviors among college students of a nonmetro city of Gujarat.

Setting and Design:

A cross-sectional survey was done among five colleges of a nonmetro city in Gujarat from February to September 2019.

Subjects and Methods:

Total 790 college students were assessed using a semi-structured format, Eating Attitudes Test-26, and Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh followed by structured clinical interview as per DSM-5 criteria for EDs.

Statistical Analysis:

Outcomes were expressed in frequency, proportion, mean, and standard deviation. P values were calculated by Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to determine the significance of the result.

Results:

The prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors was 25.2% (n = 199). Anorexia nervosa (AN) was not detected. The prevalence of bulimia nervosa (BN) was 0.2% and other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) was 0.6%. “Being aware of calorie content” (53.7%) and “preoccupation with desire of thinness” (46.3%) were commonly found. “Impulse to vomit after meals” (2.5%) was least common. Lower body mass index was found among subjects with abnormal eating behavior. None of the subjects had amenorrhea.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of disordered eating behaviors, BN, and OSFED was 25.2%, 0.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. AN was not detected. OSFED was the most common ED and the characteristic “body image disturbance” was the most common symptom.
Personality and achievement
Authors: Srivastva Rani , Sabharwal Alka , Agrawal Alka , Anita  , Vershney Himanshu , Srivastava Yashaswini
Published: May 2022

Background:

The health and well-being of medical students along with their successful progression is an important concern for society. Studies across the world demonstrated a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and low self-esteem among medical students requires immediate attention and effective management.

Aim:

To compare the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress between the groups who have cleared all papers in the first attempt with those who have got supplementary at least in one paper during their MBBS course.

Materials and Methods:

Raven's Progressive Matrices Scale, Eysenck personality Questionnaire, Sinha's Anxiety Scale, Stress Reaction Check (SRC) List, and 16-Personality Factors questionnaires were used along with performance score was recorded for the objective of the study.

Results:

Nonparametric tests, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon are used and found that RSPM scores and EPQ Lie-scale scores are statistically different as the P < 0.05. Overall performance and psychological problems association are found out using Spearman's correlation test and it is found that Factor C and Tough poise under 16 PF are significantly correlated.

Conclusions:

The study concluded that there is a significant difference between the abstract reasoning between the two groups of students measured by RSPM. When the students are compared by taking gender as grouping variable the study concluded psychosis, lie scale value is significantly different in the two groups and the mean value is higher in the female group. It is also concluded that the stress level measured by SRC is significantly different and the mean value is higher in the female group. Furthermore, the global factors Tough poise and independence are found to be significantly different in two groups with 16 PF questionnaire.
Association of Micronuclear Frequency with Dysplasia and Cytogenetic Changes (p53 Mutation and p16 Expression) in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: Tammewar Suvidha , Gadkari Rasika
Published: May 2022

Aims:

The present study evaluated the frequency of micronuclei in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and their association with the presence of dysplasia on cytology and biopsy as well as their association with p53 mutation and p16 expression. Cytological findings of dysplastic changes in OPMDs were compared to histological diagnoses.

Material and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study. Scrape smears (n = 74) were collected from lesions in patients with OPMDs. Punch biopsy was collected in patients showing dysplastic changes. Tissue microarray for p53 mutation and p16 expression was performed using paraffin embedded blocks. Cases were classified into grades of dysplasia using both scrape smears and biopsy. Micronuclei frequency was calculated per 100 cells using scrape smears. Mann–Whitney U test was used for correlation of cytology and histology for grade of dysplasia as well as micronuclear frequency with p53 mutation and p16 expression.

Results:

Micronuclear frequency was found to be increased in patients with dysplasia. A significant association of micronuclear frequency with dysplastic changes was seen on cytology. Sensitivity of cytological evaluation was found to be 64.7%. The association of the micronuclear frequency of samples with p53 mutation and p16 expression was nearly significant (n = 28, P = 0.069 and 0.095, respectively).

Conclusion:

Micronuclear frequency can be a reliable marker of mutagenic change in OPMDs. Cytological assessment of micronuclei can serve as useful, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive tool to predict cancerous changes in OPMDs.
Psychological Antecedent of Coronavirus Vaccination
Authors: Bala Renu , Srivastava Amit , Dixit Ashish Kumar , Shriwas Meenakshi , Bhaskar Ravi
Published: May 2022

Background:

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was identified as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As a part of control measures against COVID-19, vaccination started in India from January 16, 2021. People's hesitancy may become an important challenge in the immunization campaign against COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the confidence of the general public and acceptance of the vaccines in India.

Materials and Methods:

A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between February 21, 2021, and March 10, 2021, by Google Forms utilizing a snowball sampling method. The psychological antecedents of vaccination for COVID-19 in India were assessed using a 15-item (3 items per antecedent) 5C scale.

Results:

The study received 720 responses, out of which 466 (64.72%) participants were willing to accept the CoV vaccines. Data were analyzed using STATCRAFT online statistical software version 2.0 (Bangalore, Karnataka, India). The participants who expressed more confidence in vaccines (odds ratio [OR] =1.818, P < 0.001) and who took a calculated decision (OR = 1.183, P = 0.001) were more likely to accept CoV vaccines while the participants who were complacent (OR = 0.852, P < 0.001) and who took collective responsibility (OR = 0.891, P = 0.033) were less likely to accept CoV vaccines.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study point to the importance of confidence, constraints, and calculation for vaccines among the Indian population, so that policymakers can monitor the acceptance for the vaccines and can plan future strategies to address hesitancy issues more effectively.
Peer-Assisted Skills Learning in Structured Undergraduate Medical Curriculum
Authors: Aydin MO , Kafa IM , Ozkaya G , Alper Z , Haque S
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:

This study aims to evaluate the implication of peer-assisted learning model adopted in students' clinical skills training from the perspective of tutees and tutors at the end of a peer-tutored clinical skills program and peer tutors themselves.

Subjects and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag in between January and March 2018. Following the clinical skills training, a questionnaire designed to assess the views of tutees and peer tutors was filled out on a voluntary basis by 159 tutees and 43 tutors. The statistical analysis of the collected and processed data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS 23.0 statistical program. The statistical significance level was maintained as α = 0.05.

Results:

According to the Likert scale, satisfaction with the tutors and the educational environment was high in general. The 2nd term tutees provided more negative feedback compared to other terms. Among all the terms, the most positive answers were provided by the 3rd term students. Although the tutors found themselves fully skilled in communication with colleagues, there were striking differences between the tutors in the 5th and 6th terms of providing a good role model for pre-clinical terms students.

Conclusion:

Considering peer assisted learning (PAL)'s positive responses from this study, the adoption of PAL has been started to be used as a supplementary teaching method for the clinical skills training at the Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University. PAL is considered a successful education model since it is cost-efficient for undergraduate medical training and improves the professional skills of both teacher and learner students. It can be availed of as an alternative method in medical faculties where especially the number of academic members is insufficient.
Clinical Experience on Intertransverse Extraforaminal Approach for Far Lateral Disc Herniations
Authors: Gökyar A , Tonga F
Published: May 2022

Background:

Far lateral disc herniations attract many spine surgeons for their type of onset, degree of pain, risk of neurological deficit, and increasing incidence. Today, a direct approach to the region by miminally invasive techniques is preferred.

Aims:

We aimed to present the results of the cases that were operated via intertransverse extraforaminal approach through a midline incision.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred thirty-two patients who were operated for far lateral disc herniation by extraforaminal approach between January 2010 and December 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. The demographical data, level of disc herniations, examination findings, preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, and postoperative long-term MacNab satisfaction rates were recorded.

Results:

Sixty-nine of the patients were male. The mean age was 58.1 years. Acute onset pain was a dominant complaint in 75% of the cases. The mean preoperative VAS score of 8.24 decreased to 2.08 at one month postoperatively. Based on a mean follow-up of 34.4 months, the long-term satisfaction rates according to Macnab criteria were 74% excellent–good, 20% moderate, and 6% poor.

Conclusion:

Intertransverse extraforaminal approach is an effective and safe technique for far lateral disc herniations. However, considering the anatomical restrictions and the unfamiliarity of the surgeons with the region, it is important that the surgeons perform the surgery with the technique they know best to increase the success of the surgery.
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Bulgarian Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Stoimenov B , Pancheva R , Dineva S , Manov E , Pencheva V , Rune N
Published: May 2022

Background:

In primary prevention, most guidelines rely on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment to determine the appropriateness and intensity of risk factor modification.

Aims:

This study aimed to analyze the prognostic role of risk factors, comorbidities, and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in Bulgarian patients with chronic coronary syndrome. An observational study conducted in a cardiology department. This observational study included 214 patients. The study population was divided into three major groups according to their CACS level estimated with the Agatston calculating model: 0 (group I), 1–400 (group II), and >400 (group III) Agatston units (AU). The patients were followed-up for MACE development over a mean period of 3.8 years.

Subjects and Methods:

The Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed.

Results:

The MACE rate in patients with CACS = 0 was significantly higher in patients with low-density lipoprotein >3 mmol/L (hazard ratio [HR] 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87–6.64; P < 0.05) and with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (HR 4.33; 95% CI 1.25–16.92; P < 0.05). In group II, the incidence of MACE was significantly elevated in patients with coronary calcium volume >75 Hounsfield units (HU) (HR 3.56; 95% CI 1.39–9.14; P < 0.05), calcium score of aortic valve >30 AU (HR 3.2; 95% CI 1.36–4.76; P < 0.05), and left ventricular mass over 125 g (HR 3.24; 95% CI 1.65–7.56; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Our data revealed that different factors in the risk profile of the three patient groups were associated with an increased rate of MACEs.
APP innovation to Control Projects Risks Management during Crises
Authors: Waheeb Rasha Abdulrazzak
Published: May 2022

The goal of this study is to build an application that can be used in difficult cases and sudden circumstances during the pandemic and post-disaster state, which can be the development of digital risk management and mitigating the difficult impact of the epidemic through the improvement of IT and IoT that can be fine by finding initial solutions and make the world like a digital city that could be managed by the network. We provide this study to gain an overview of reasons for delayed and exceeded costs in a select of thirty Iraqi case projects by controlling the time and cost. The drivers of delay have been investigated in multiple countries/contexts. however, there is little country data available under the conditions that have characterized Iraq over the previous 10-20 years.
Corks, involutions, and Heegaard Floer homology
Authors: Dai Irving , Hedden Matthew , Mallick Abhishek
Published: May 2022

Building on the algebraic framework developed by Hendricks, Manolescu, and Zemke, we introduce and study a set of Floer-theoretic invariants aimed at detecting corks. Our invariants obstruct the extension of a given involution over
any
homology ball, rather than a particular contractible manifold. Unlike previous approaches, we do not utilize any closed 4-manifold topology or contact topology. Instead, we adapt the formalism of local equivalence coming from involutive Heegaard Floer homology. As an application, we define a modification

\Theta_\mathbb{Z}^{\tau}

of the homology cobordism group which takes into account an involution on each homology sphere, and prove that this admits a

\mathbb{Z}^\infty

-subgroup of strongly nonextendable corks. The group

\Theta_\mathbb{Z}^{\tau}

can also be viewed as a refinement of the bordism group of diffeomorphisms. Using our invariants, we furthermore establish several new families of corks and prove that various known examples are strongly nonextendable. Our main computational tool is a monotonicity theorem which constrains the behavior of our invariants under equivariant negative-definite cobordisms, and an explicit method of constructing such cobordisms via equivariant surgery.