bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECCLESIA REFORMATA SEMPER REFORMANDA: REFLEKSI BAGI PEMBAHARUAN GEREJA INJILI
Authors: Kadarmanto Mulyo
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to discuss the principle of ecclesia reformata semper reformanda which is the fruit of the continuation of reform. Through this research literature study will look at the historical background and principles of the slogan, which is expected to be able to find its relevance for the evangelical church in this global era. With an ongoing commitment to renewal in the evangelical church, the evangelical church can again understand its historicity as a doctrinal movement that places the gospel (the Scriptures) as the main foundation for renewal. Recognizing that continuous renewal is a necessity for the evangelical church, will certainly encourage efforts for the evangelical church to maintain purity and vitality, so as to be able to face the present challenges within the framework of the evangelical doctrine as a doctrinal heritage of reform.
MAKNA PENDERITAAN KRISTUS DALAM 1 PETRUS 2:18-21
Authors: Supriadi Made Nopen , Halawa Iman Kristina
Published: April 2020

Suffering is a part of human life after falling into sin. Jesus Christ gave the principle of life carrying the cross. Therefore believers are not free from suffering. Because suffering cannot be avoided, suffering must be faced by believers. Therefore it is very important to provide insight into suffering in 1 Peter. Therefore through this article can open the understanding of believers to face suffering.
MANDAT REKONSILIATIF SEBAGAI TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL POLITIK PENDIDIK KRISTEN
Authors: Kadarmanto Mulyo
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to formulate a form of social political responsibility of Christian educators based on the work of reconciliation that was carried out by the Lord Jesus in his work of death and resurrection. By looking at the socio-political situation of the Indonesian people who are currently vulnerable to splitting with ethnic, religious and racial issues. This identity politics is used as a tool to gain victory in political battles. As Christian educators who are part of citizens and must contribute to the peace and tranquility of the Indonesian nation, Christian educators are indeed important to reflect on reconciliation work that is able to create peace, so that with this foundation the presence of Christian educators can neutralize the social political situation and can even be actively involved in uniting various parties both in the context of class and society.
SPIRITUALITAS KRISTEN DI ERA POSTMODERN
Authors: Harefa Febriaman Lalaziduhu
Published: April 2020

As the times progress from modern to post-modern, the principle of life also begins to change in accordance with the times, so does human spirituality, how do Christian attitudes judge the age and face this age? What kind of spirituality should be applied by believers? Considering the knowledge of Christian Spirituality in the Postmodern Era is very important, it is therefore necessary to provide an understanding of the insights of Christian spirituality, so that believers can wisely support this age.
On the Patterns Observed in Kepler Multi-planet Systems
Authors: Zhu 祝 Wei 伟
Published: April 2020

Recent studies claimed that planets around the same star have similar sizes and masses and regular spacings, and that planet pairs usually show ordered sizes such that the outer planet is usually the larger one. Here I show that these patterns can be largely explained by detection biases. The Kepler planet detections are set by the transit signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). For different stellar properties and orbital period values, the same S/N corresponds to different planetary sizes. This variation in the detection threshold naturally leads to apparent correlations in planet sizes and the observed size ordering. The apparently correlated spacings, measured in period ratios, between adjacent planet pairs in systems with at least three detected planets are partially due to the arbitrary upper limit that the earlier study imposed on the period ratio, and partially due to the varying stability threshold for different planets. After these detection biases are taken into account, we do not find strong evidence for the so-called intra-system uniformity or the size ordering effect. Instead, the physical properties of Kepler planets are largely independent of the properties of their siblings and the parent star. It is likely that the dynamical evolution has erased the memory of Kepler planets about their initial formation conditions. In other words, it will be difficult to infer the initial conditions from the observed properties and the architecture of Kepler planets.
Where Did They Come From, Where Did They Go: Grazing Fireballs
Authors: Shober Patrick M. , Jansen-Sturgeon Trent , Sansom Eleanor K. , Devillepoix Hadrien A. R. , Towner Martin C. , Bland Phil A. , Cupák Martin , Howie Robert M. , Hartig Benjamin A. D.
Published: April 2020

For centuries extremely long grazing fireball displays have fascinated observers and inspired people to ponder about their origins. The Desert Fireball Network is the largest single fireball network in the world, covering about one third of Australian skies. This expansive size has enabled us to capture a majority of the atmospheric trajectory of a spectacular grazing event that lasted over 90 s, penetrated as deep as ∼58.5 km, and traveled over 1300 km through the atmosphere before exiting back into interplanetary space. Based on our triangulation and dynamic analyses of the event, we have estimated the initial mass to be at least 60 kg, which would correspond to a 30 cm object given a chondritic density (

). However, this initial mass estimate is likely a lower bound, considering the minimal deceleration observed in the luminous phase. The most intriguing quality of this close encounter is that the meteoroid originated from an Apollo-type orbit and was inserted into a Jupiter-family comet (JFC) orbit due to the net energy gained during the close encounter with Earth. Based on numerical simulations, the meteoroid will likely spend ∼200 kyr on a JFC orbit and have numerous encounters with Jupiter, the first of which will occur in 2025 January–March. Eventually the meteoroid will likely be ejected from the solar system or be flung into a trans-Neptunian orbit.
Host Galaxies of Type Ic and Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Implications for Jet Production
Authors: Modjaz Maryam , Bianco Federica B. , Siwek Magdalena , Huang Shan , Perley Daniel A. , Fierroz David , Liu Yu-Qian , Arcavi Iair , Gal-Yam Avishay , Filippenko Alexei V. , Blagorodnova Nadia , Cenko Bradley S. , Kasliwal Mansi , Kulkarni Shri , Schulze Steve , Taggart Kirsty , Zheng Weikang
Published: April 2020

Unlike ordinary supernovae (SNe), some of which are hydrogen and helium deficient (called Type Ic SNe), broad-lined Type Ic SNe (SNe Ic-bl) are very energetic events, and only SNe Ic-bl are coincident with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Understanding the progenitors of SN Ic-bl explosions versus those of their SN Ic cousins is key to understanding the SN–GRB relationship and jet production in massive stars. Here we present the largest existing set of host galaxy spectra of 28 SNe Ic and 14 SNe Ic-bl, all discovered by the same galaxy-untargeted survey, namely, the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). We carefully measure their gas-phase metallicities, stellar masses (M
*), and star formation rates (SFRs). We further reanalyze the hosts of 10 literature SN–GRBs using the same methods and compare them to our PTF SN hosts with the goal of constraining their progenitors from their local environments. We find that the metallicities, SFRs, and M
* values of our PTF SN Ic-bl hosts are statistically comparable to those of SN–GRBs but significantly lower than those of the PTF SNe Ic. The mass–metallicity relations as defined by the SNe Ic-bl and SN–GRBs are not significantly different from the same relations as defined by Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies, contradicting claims by earlier works. Our findings point toward low metallicity as a crucial ingredient for SN Ic-bl and SN–GRB production since we are able to break the degeneracy between high SFR and low metallicity. We suggest that the PTF SNe Ic-bl may have produced jets that were choked inside the star or were able to break out of the star as unseen low-luminosity or off-axis GRBs.
ALMA Imaging of the CO (7–6) Line Emission in the Submillimeter Galaxy LESS 073 at z = 4.755*
Authors: Zhao (赵应和) Yinghe , Lu Nanyao , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Gao Yu , Xu C. Kevin , Charmandaris Vassilis , Inami Hanae , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Sanders David B. , Huang Jiasheng , Wang Zhong
Published: April 2020

In this paper we present our imaging observations on the CO (7−6) line and its underlying continuum emission of the young submillimeter galaxy LESS 073 at redshift 4.755, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. At the achieved resolution of ∼

(8 × 6 kpc2), the CO (7−6) emission is largely unresolved (with a deconvolved size of

), and the continuum emission is totally unresolved. The CO (7−6) line emission has an integrated flux of 0.86 ± 0.08 Jy km s−1, and a line width of 343 ± 40 km s−1. The continuum emission has a flux density of 0.51 mJy. By fitting the observed far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) of LESS 073 with a single-temperature modified blackbody function, we obtained a dust temperature

K, 60–100  μm flux density ratio

, and total infrared luminosity

. The SED-fit-based

is consistent with those estimated from various line ratios as advocated by our earlier work, indicating that the proposed line-ratio-based method can be used to practically derive

for high-z sources. The total molecular gas mass of LESS 073 is

, and the inferred gas depletion time is about 43 Myr.
Diversity and composition of volant and non-volant small mammals in northern Selangor State Park and adjacent forest of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Munian Kaviarasu , Azman Shahfiz , Ruzman Norhazwani , Fauzi Noor , Zakaria Alwani
Published: April 2020

Volant and non-volant small mammals from three forest reserves, located inside and outside Selangor State Park, Malaysia, were trapped and documented. A total of five-line transects, each 200 m long and a total of 100 collapsible cage traps, three harp traps and ten mist nets were deployed at each study site to capture rodents and bats species. The presence of 47 species of volant and non-volant mammals was documented with the highest abundant species being Leopoldamys sabanus (n = 61). The Family Vespertilionidae was the most diverse, while Muridae was the most abundant species. Diversity indices have shown forest reserves - Gading Forest Reserve (FR) and Bukit Kutu FR – located in the State Park, have a higher species composition than the impaired adjacent forest reserve, Bukit Tarek FR extension. The taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness of the three forest reserves ranged between 2.433 and 2.610, while the taxonomic distinctness values ranged between 2.638 and 2.748. Even though Gading FR recorded the highest number of species diversity, the Chao 1 diversity estimator and the rarefaction accumulation curve indicated that Bukit Kutu comprised more species. Comparisons between other state parks and national parks in Peninsular Malaysia indicated that Selangor State Park indeed harbours relatively more species of small mammals. Northern Selangor State Park and adjacent forest should be recognised as a conservation priority area, although there are comparatively more species harboured in other regions of the State Park. With the current information on fauna diversity, proper management should be formulated to preserve the existing ecosystems in order to ensure the continuity of fauna diversity in Malaysia.
The Clinical Spectrum and Treatment Outcome of Retinoblastoma in Indian Children
Authors: Shanmugam Mahesh P. , Biswas Jyotirmay , Gopal Lingam , Sharma Tarun , Nizamuddin S. H. M.
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To study the clinical spectrum and treatment outcome of retinoblastoma in Indian children.

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed 488 eyes of 355 retinoblastoma patients treated at a tertiary care ophthalmic hospital in southern India during a 14-year period.

Results:

Retinoblastoma involved one eye in 177 (50%) and both eyes in 178 (50%) patients. Mean age at presentation was 23.98 ± 23.37 months (unilateral, 29.4 ± 24.3 months; bilateral, 18.6 ± 21.07 months). The most common presenting symptom was leukocoria (72%), followed by poor vision (12.5%). Sixty-eight percent of the eyes presented with Reese-Ellsworth stage V disease. Overall, 60 (21.6%) of 278 eyes could be saved.

Conclusion:

Indian children with retinoblastoma present a mean of 6 months later than their Western counterparts, most often with leukocoria and Reese-Ellsworth stage V disease. Seventy percent of eyes in which salvage was attempted were saved.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:75–81.
Optic Nerve Cysticercosis
Authors: Das J. C. , Sharma Pankaj , Chaudhary S. P.
Published: April 2020

Optic nerve cysticercosis is rare but causes significant visual morbidity. A high index of suspicion is warranted for patients in endemic areas who present with sudden vision loss. Visual morbidity can be prevented by early imaging studies and therapeutic interventions.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:120–121.
Introduction of the Low Vision Evaluator (LoVE) for Children
Authors: Kunikata Hiroshi , Nakagawa Yoichi , Noro Michiru , Itabashi Toshitaka , Yoshida Hikari , Wakusawa Ryosuke , Ban Yumiko , Imai Eiko , Nakamura Masahiko , Kikuchi Miki , Tamai Makoto
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To determine whether the Low Vision Evaluator (LoVE) can grade the visual acuity of young children with light perception and hand movement acuity into finer acuity steps and at what age reliable measurements can be obtained.

Methods:

Two hundred twenty children were tested with the LoVE. Each eye was tested separately, and each stimulus magnitude (intensity × duration) was presented three times. Three catch trials per eye also were presented.

Results:

Scores ranged from −8 to −1 on variable-duration tests and from 22.5 to 37.5 dB on fixed-duration tests for four children with hand movement vision. Scores ranged from −12 to 0 on variable-duration tests and from 12.5 to 40 dB on fixed-duration tests for five children with light perception vision. Reliable measurements were obtained at different times on different days. Mean scores for children with counting finger vision or better were significantly better than scores for eyes with light perception and hand movement (
P
< .001 and
P
< .01, respectively). Reliability was less for children younger than age 4 years.

Conclusions:

The LoVE is capable of grading the visual function of children with light perception and hand movement vision into finer steps. Reliable measurements can be obtained for children age 4 years and older.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:155–162.
Familial Aplasia of the Inferior Rectus Muscles
Authors: Pimenides Dimitris , Young Soon , Minty Ian , Spratt Jonathan , Tiffin Peter A. C.
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

We describe inferior rectus aplasia in three members of a family. No family member showed signs of craniofacial dysostosis syndromes or neurofibromatosis.

Patients and Findings:

A woman with abnormal head posture, right exotropia, and right hypotropia presented to our clinic. She mentioned that her two children had similar problems. A provisional diagnosis of ocular fibrosis or atypical Duane syndrome was made and she underwent surgery. During surgery, the inferior rectus muscle could not be identified in either eye. Subsequently, her children were examined and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for all family members. MRI confirmed bilateral absence of the inferior rectus muscles in the mother and unilateral absence with atrophic and fibrotic contralateral inferior rectus muscles in the children.

Conclusion:

This is the first report in the literature of a family with aplastic inferior rectus muscles with no signs of craniosynostosis or neurofibromatosis.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:222–227.
Postoperative Secondary Glaucoma and Anterior Staphyloma in a Patient With Homocystinuria
Authors: Özdek Sengül , Bahçeci Umut Asli , Önol Merih , Ezgü Fatih Süheyl , Hasanreisoglu Berati
Published: April 2020

We describe recurrent bilateral homocystinuria-related lens dislocation into the anterior chamber in a patient who had postoperative anterior staphyloma and secondary intractable aphakic glaucoma in only one eye. We discuss the possible causes of and treatment modalities for this complication.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:243–246.
Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous in Association With Neurofibromatosis 2
Authors: Nguyen Dan Q. , Chatterjee Sudeshna , Bates Richard
Published: April 2020

We describe a father and son with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous occurring in association with neurofibromatosis 2. This report demonstrates rare vertical transmission compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance and the uncommon association of the autosomal dominant systemic disorder neurofibromatosis 2.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:247–249.
Los ochenta años de la Revista de Indias y la historiografía americanista española, 1940-2020
Authors: Hilton Sylvia L.
Published: April 2020

El artículo traza la evolución de la Revista de Indias, desde su fundación en 1940 hasta hoy, en el contexto del desarrollo de la investigación científica de la Historia de América en España.
Load Predicting Model of Mobile Cloud Computing Based on Glowworm Swarm Optimization LSTM Network
Authors: Sudhakaran P. , Swaminathan Subbiah , Yuvaraj D. , Priya S.Shanmuga
Published: April 2020

Focusing on the issue of host load estimating in mobile cloud computing, the Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM)is introduced, which is appropriate for the intricate and long-term arrangement information of the cloud condition and a heap determining calculation dependent on Glowworm Swarm Optimization LSTM neural system is proposed. Specifically, we build a mobile cloud load forecasting model using LSTM neural network, and the Glowworm Swarm Optimization Algorithm (GSO) is used to search for the optimal LSTM parameters based on the research and analysis of host load data in the mobile cloud computing data center. Finally, the simulation experiments are implemented and similar prediction algorithms are compared. The experimental results show that the prediction algorithms proposed in this paper are in prediction accuracy higher than equivalent prediction algorithms.
RETRACTED: Security and Routing Protocol for 5G Wireless Mobile Networks
Authors: Padmapriya T. , Manikanthan S. V
Published: April 2020

This article has been reetracted by the authors.
Firme o didascalie.Due contesti narbonensi e qualche riflessione su copie e nomi di artisti
Authors: Slavazzi Fabrizio
Published: April 2020

La présence d’inscriptions avec des noms de sculpteurs célèbres est un fait rare à l’époque romaine, et il est plus encore loin de Rome. La situation de la Narbonnaise qui a livré deux inscriptions de cette nature est encore plus significative, car elle est unique pour les provinces occidentales. Il s’agit déjà de cas connus (Myron à Vienne et les bustes de la villa de Crest dans la Drôme), mais qu’il vaut la peine de reconsidérer à la lumière d’études et de découvertes récentes.
Précisions sur l’Augusteum de Nîmes grâce aux inscriptions de magistrats
Authors: Chulsky Céline
Published: April 2020

La source qui coule au pied du Mont Cavalier, à Nîmes (Gard), est le lieu principal de rassemblement des inscriptions aux membres de l’élite nîmoise, dans ce qu’on interprète désormais comme un Augusteum. Il s’agit principalement de monuments honorifiques élevés à des chevaliers, dont une majorité furent flamines provinciaux. Les chevaliers étant des desservants essentiels du culte provincial, ils expriment un lien particulier au Prince, ce qui expliquerait leur présence. Les autres magistrats de la cité ne sont représentés qu’occasionnellement. Il faut ajouter à ce constat celui d’une évolution dans le temps : si le lieu semble réservé aux manifestations collectives envers l’empereur au Ie s., il se transforme dès les Flaviens, pour devenir au IIe s. un espace où sont honorés les grands de la cité, ce qui peut refléter un changement de perspective, notamment la plus grande importance pour l’élite de sa place locale.
Signa in templo. Où situer le nouveau groupe statuaire de la famille impériale dans le sanctuaire de la Grange des Dîmes (Avenches, Suisse) ?
Authors: Bridel Philippe
Published: April 2020

La découverte de fragments de statues en marbre de la famille impériale du 2e quart du Ier s. a relancé la question du culte dynastique dans le sanctuaire de la Grange des Dîmes, où ils ont été retrouvés. La comparaison avec le groupe julio-claudien du forum de la ville, daté du milieu du règne de Tibère a révélé une grande similitude des deux groupes. Le cycle dynastique du forum avait été restitué par hypothèse sur le podium du temple attribué au culte civique de Rome et Auguste. Le lieu et la forme des honneurs rendus à la maison impériale restent cependant conjecturaux.Le cycle de la Grange des Dîmes serait à situer sur une base multiple érigée au deuxième tiers du Ier s. dans la cour du sanctuaire, qui compte alors deux autres édifices, l’un de caractère héroïco-funéraire probablement, l’autre étant un petit temple dédié sans doute à Mercure. Le contexte de sa découverte atteste cependant qu’il a été intégré au programme architectural du temple de plan gallo-romain édifié à la fin du Ier s. On s’interroge enfin sur le statut des divers lieux où semble attesté le culte impérial : forum, sanctuaires de la Grange des Dîmes et du Cigognier.
Explosion Operation of Fireworks Algorithm
Authors: Yu Jun , Takagi Hideyuki
Published: April 2020

This chapter briefly reviews the basic explosion mechanism used in the fireworks algorithm (FWA) and comprehensively investigates relevant research on explosion operations. Since the explosion mechanism is one of the most core operations directly affecting the performance of FWA, the authors focus on analyzing the FWA explosion operation and highlighting two novel explosion strategies: a multi-layer explosion strategy and a scouting explosion strategy. The multi-layer explosion strategy allows an individual firework to perform multiple explosions instead of the single explosion used in the original FWA, where each round of explosion can be regarded as a layer; the scouting explosion strategy controls an individual firework to generate spark individuals one by one instead of generating all spark individuals within the explosion amplitude at once. The authors then introduce several other effective strategies to further improve the performance of FWA by full using the information generated by the explosion operation. Finally, the authors list some open topics for discussion.
The Perception of Portuguese Accountants on the Impact of the Implementation of E-Accounting With SAFT-PT
Authors: Borrego Ana Clara , Carreira Francisco Alegria
Published: April 2020

The researchers proceed with a quantitative approach resulting from a questionnaire addressed to Portuguese accountants in order to know their perceptions on the impact of adopting e-accounting to understand if they perceive it as a threat or as an opportunity for this profession. The authors found that respondents mostly believe that the level of dependency between accounting and taxation is medium, but that will sharply increase with the introduction of the e-accounting. The researchers found that most accountants perceive the implementation of e-accounting as a mix between problem and opportunity, whose main obstacle to implementation is, from the respondents' perspective, the inability of clients and employers to collaborate with this process. Additionally, data suggest that professional experience of the accountants, the development of the activity in accounting office or by other form, and finally, being certified accountants or accounting technicians are variables with impact on respondents' perceptions in this context.
Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in an Emerging Market
Authors: Haron Razali , Othman Anwar Hasan Abdullah , Nomran Naji Mansour , Husin Maizaitulaidawati Md
Published: April 2020

This study examines the corporate governance mechanisms and how they affect firm performance in Malaysia. After the financial crisis in 1997/98, the CG issues have been the most debated, discussed, and researched in the attempt to improve the CG structure accommodating every economy regardless of the economic landscapes. Using a rich and huge data on Malaysian firms for 16 observation years, this study found that the MCCG has been of a closely referred blueprint by firms in Malaysia to improve firms' performance. Certain CG mechanisms do have significant impact on firm performance. Firms seem to operate in a large board size indicating a positive relationship with performance and board independence. CEO duality is negatively related, in support of separation of roles, complementing the result of board independence and ownership structure as positively related to performance. Agency theory seems to be the dominant theory influencing the CG structure of firms in Malaysia.
A Review on the Technological and Literary Background of Multimedia Compression
Authors: França Reinaldo Padilha , Iano Yuzo , Monteiro Ana Carolina Borges , Arthur Rangel
Published: April 2020

Data compression is the process of encoding data using a representation that decreases the overall size of data, where this reduction is possible when the original dataset contains some type of redundancy. Data compression, also called compaction, is the process of reducing the amount of data needed for storage or transmission of a given piece of information, typically using encoding techniques. Multimedia compression is employing tools and techniques to reduce the file size of various media formats, taking up less space. Both downloading and uploading a compressed file takes a lot less time. Data compression is one of the factors that contributed most to the great growth of information and communication technologies. Without compression, most consumer and entertainment technology products, which are today commonplace, would never have come into existence. This chapter provides an updated review of multimedia compression, showing and approaching its success relationship, with a concise bibliographic background, categorizing and synthesizing the potential of both technologies.
EMG Analysis of Lumbar Muscle Activations During Resisted and Unresisted Core Strength Exercises
Authors: Saranya S. , Poonguzhali S. , Baala N. Madhu , Karunakaran S.
Published: April 2020

Non-specific low back pain is the result of improper loading of the spine, requiring patient specific treatment of low-back muscles. 20 healthy subjects performed selective core strength exercises and surface electromyogram (EMG) signals were acquired from Erecter spinae and Multifidus muscles. Root Mean Square (RMS) EMG normalized with Maximum Voluntary Contraction (%MVC) indicated bilateral symmetry in muscles showing no compensations during exercises. T-tests results showed no significant difference in RMS between exercises performed with and without resistance (p>0.05) suggestive of EMG as a prominent resource in evaluating unresisted muscle strength. Muscle activation during Trunk extension exercise were nominal (80%) and maximum (100%) for the superman Boat exercise suggesting hyperextension. Quadruped exercises were activated submaximally (60%) and can be suggested for core strength training of low back pain patients as preliminary exercise followed by trunk extension during rehabilitative treatment. The Superman Boat exercise can be suggested for sports persons to build their core strength.
Effectiveness and Safety of Flexible Therapeutic Schemes Including First- and Secondgeneration Basal Insulins during a Pediatric Summer Diabetes Camp
Authors: Tumini Stefano , Comegna Laura , Fioretti Elisabetta , Guidone Paola , Levantini Gabriella , Panichi Daniele , Catenaro Milena , Rossi Ilaria , Amaro Flavia , Graziano Giusi , Rossi Maria Chiara , Cipriano Paola
Published: April 2020

Outcomes of insulin analogues in pediatric diabetes camps are poorly investigated; no data is available about insulin degludec (IDeg).Our aim was to assess impact of insulin therapy adopted by the participants to a 4-day diabetes camp held in 2017, hypothesizing a possible excess risk of hypoglycemia in patients treated with IDeg. Overall, 40 children with type 1 diabetes (mean age 13.4±3.0 years; 62.5% males) attended the camp (20.0% on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and 80.0% on multiple daily injections - MDI). Among children in MDI regimen, 71.9% were treated with IDeg as basal insulin and 28.1% with glargine U100 (IGlar). All patients used Lispro or Aspart as short-acting insulin. Daily plan of the camp included educational sessions, physical exercise, 3 main meals and 2 snacks. At the arrival, IGlar and short-acting insulin doses were revised according to existing guidelines, while IDeg dose was revised based on an empirical individualized approach. At the arrival, insulin doses were reduced in 22 participants (-19.4±10.5%), while doses were increased in 17 children (+17.8±12.7%), based on individual needs. No statistically significant between-group difference emerged in mean blood glucose and glucose variability. No excess risk of hypoglycemia was found in the IDeg group. The study suggests similar effectiveness and safety of different insulin schemes when associated with appropriate diabetes education and management, and flexible dose adjustments. Despite its longer halflife and the lack of a validated algorithm, IDeg was not associated with an excess risk of hypoglycemia.
Oxidative and DNA Damage Potential of Colemanite on Zebrafish: Brain, Liver and Blood
Authors: Alak Gonca , Parlak Veysel , Ucar Arzu , Cilingir Yeltekin Aslı , Ozgeris Fatma Betul , Cağlar Ozge , Atamanalp Muhammed , Turkez Hasan
Published: April 2020

Recently, boron has been used in animal feeding due to its significant biological roles. In this study, the action mechanism of colemanite (COL), a commercially important borate mineral, was aimed to investigate via evaluating parameters related to oxidative alterations on the brain, liver and blood tissues of zebrafish. For this purpose, zebrafish were exposed to different doses of COL (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) in a static test apparatus for 96 hours. Multiple biochemical analysis including determination of DNA damage (8-OHdG), apoptosis (Caspase-3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (AR) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were performed in brain and liver tissues for assessing oxidative responses. In addition to micronucleus (MN) assay was performed in obtained blood tissues. The results indicated that low doses of COL supported antioxidant system and did not lead to oxidative stress in zebrafish brain and liver. Again, our results showed colemanite did not cause DNA damage or apoptosis at all tested concentrations. Besides the statistically insignificant changes (P>0.05) of MN rates of erythrocytes between the control and experimental groups revealed the non-genotoxic feature of COL on zebrafish. In conclusion, boron compounds especially COL can be used safely and provide positive impacts on aquatic environments.
A Structuralist and Institutionalist developmental assessment of and reaction to New Developmentalism
Authors: de Medeiros Carlos Aguiar
Published: April 2020

This paper provides a critical assessment of the New Developmental view summarized in Bresser-Pereira (2016). It is argued that although New Developmentalism correctly observes that Classical Developmentalism underestimated and insufficiently considered the role of demand as a motor of growth (this critique also applies to modern Schumpeterian views), New Developmentalism theoretically reduces or explains changes in quantities (in particular external demand) to the price mechanism (in particular the exchange rate). It is argued that the New Developmental narrative of comparative development underestimates the role of industrial policy and domestic demand in increasing productivity. Instead, New Developmentalism makes the real exchange rate the main lever for investment, structural change, and productivity growth. At the same time, New Developmentalism's description of some development trajectories is actually (though it is unacknowledged) closer to Classical Developmentalism, modern Institutionalism, and Schumpeterian thinking. Those intellectual traditions argue that development and structural change require strategic policies which go far beyond managing macroeconomic prices.
A.B. Original’s "Reclaim Australia" is ensuring Australians can no longer say “I just didn’t know” about Aboriginal issues
Authors: Brian Sian
Published: April 2020

Reclaim Australia is the debut album of hip hop duo A.B. Original that surged the voices and issues of Aboriginal Australia onto the airwaves and into the minds of the public. Fronted by Yorta Yorta man, Briggs (aka Adam Briggs) and Ngarrindjeri man, Trials (aka Daniel Rankine), A.B. Original stands for Always Black Original and their 12-track album released late in 2016 geared up political talks for the upcoming controversies of January 26th, known as Australia Day by some and as Invasion or Survival Day by others.
The Australian National Maritime Museum’s view from the ship and view from the shore
Authors: Smail Freya
Published: April 2020

Next year, the Australian National Maritime Museum’s replica of Captain Cook’s ship, HMS Endeavour, will circumnavigate Australia to commemorate 250 years of Cook landing on Australian shores. I was excited to visit the museum to hear their rationale behind this – something that I have heard very mixed responses to, and which I myself thought sounded inconsiderate (and ignorant) of Australia’s Indigenous history prior to my visit.
First Footprints
Authors: Buechele Erin
Published: April 2020

History should be written to inform the present and honour the past. In order to successfully meet this criteria history needs to be retold, above all else, truthfully. This truthfulness requires a brazen acknowledgement of past actions and events no matter how they reflect on the nation. In the case of Australian history, and any other colonizing nation, that truth contains harmful realities of oppression. Because of this, history is often reconstructed in a form that is easier to swallow or in a way that benefits those leading the nation. Because records are largely made by white people, they have far too often become subjective retellings of history used to justify actions made by white administrators and political leaders of the past and present.
Constitutional Recognition: a vital human need, not a courtesy
Authors: Roberts Stephanie
Published: April 2020

Without constitutional recognition for Indigenous Australians, Australia cannot adequately recognise, respect and protect Indigenous rights to self-determination, culture, sovereignty and development (Bellier and Préaud 2011). The Commonwealth has a long history of disenfranchising, silencing and othering Indigenous Australians and this vision of constitutional recognition is constrained by a number of factors, primarily the need for a referendum. Indigenous Australians are only 3.3 percent of the total Australian population (ABS Census 2016). With this in mind, in accordance with the 2012 Expert Panel recommendation and the 2017 Uluru Statement from the Heart, my opinion is that a successful and consequential referendum relies on a thorough, government-funded but Indigenous-led educational campaign to promote visibility, conversation and learning between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians (Newman 2019). Often excluded from writing their own narrative, with ‘substantive constitutional change and structural reform’ (1 Voice Uluru 2019) provides the circumstances vital for providing Indigenous Australians with deserved respect, sovereignty and self-determination as Taylor explains ‘due recognition is not just a courtesy we owe people. It is a vital human need’ (1992).
Sieg des konservativen Populismus. Die britischen Parlamentswahlen vom 12. Dezember 2019
Authors: Sturm Roland
Published: April 2020

The early elections of December 2019 were held under special circumstances . The country was and still is divided politically and socially with regard to her future relationship with the EU . Brexit was one of the major election issues . Boris Johnson first won the support of his party and then of the country for a hard line Brexit strategy . The election campaigns of the two leading parties were outright populist . The Conservative Party secured for herself a landslide victory, with the exception of Scotland and Northern Ireland .
Das spanische Parteiensystem von 1977 bis 2019: Veränderung oder Transformation?
Authors: Lemmer Daniel
Published: April 2020

This article investigates if a party system change has taken place in Spain from June 1977 to January 2019 . The operationalization of Smith’s (1989) definition of party system change requires the distinction between “normal” and “unusual” values of the indicators, which are subject to constant fluctuations . This distinction was achieved by defining unusual values as values that fall outside the area of plus/minus one standard deviation around the mean of the respective indicator . If an indicator’s values are unusual several times in a row, Smith considered it to have undergone change . The distinction between limited and general change as well as a party system transformation depends on how many indicators measure the properties of different party groups that undergo change . The results show that the Spanish party system underwent a series of limited changes from 1977 to 2015 . Despite the following massive shifts in the distribution of seats and the increases in format, this period can only be qualified as one of (weak) general change, but not of party system transformation .
Ist der Mitgliederschwund der Parteien wirklich irreversibel? Überlegungen zur Rekrutierungs- und Repräsentationsfähigkeit von Parteien
Authors: Reichart-Dreyer Ingrid
Published: April 2020

Parties link the society with the state . It is their task to recruit members, integrate and train them for taking over leadership positions at different levels . Since 1990 the parties in (unified) Germany lose members . Does this prevent them from fulfilling their functions for the parliamentary democracy? The analysis detects differences between the Länder: Indeed, the capability of parties to recruit members increases with the number of officeholders in local and regional councils and state parliaments . Big cities and the so-called city-states (Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen) reduce the chances for political participation . Where the organisational structure of public administration was reformed the number of local and regional councillors sank and - with some delay - also the number of party members . Are the remarkable differences in the capability of the parties to recruit members a reflection of their internal organisation? Do the structures that are formally laid down in the party statutes influence how opinions are formed and majorities are found? How does the linkage between officeholders and their party - which is necessary for political leadership - work? Do the parties communicate to the people why it pays to get engaged? The differences found between the parties indicate how the capacity for recruiting members can be improved .
In den „geheimen Gärten“ der Vorauswahl. Variationen der Listenaufstellung von CDU und SPD zum 19. Deutschen Bundestag
Authors: Schindler Danny
Published: April 2020

Intra-party selection procedures that precede the conference to nominate a party list are substantively understudied . Yet, they are of utmost importance to explain and evaluate what happens at the formal selection events . This study investigates the pre-selection activities in the run-up to the 2017 Bundestag election in the Christian Democratic Party (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) . Drawing on participant observations as well as survey and interview data, it reveals that both parties use diverse multi-stage processes that in part predetermine the subsequent nomination results . Moreover, the party’s executive boards at state level can influence list nominations to varying degrees . In some cases, the formal selectorates clearly overestimate the leadership’s power . Although the selection procedures can be regarded as a sign of a vital intra-party democracy, parties should think about formalizing them in their statutes . The widespread informal decision making entails a lack of transparency even among party members and candidacy aspirants .
Wer ist der ideale Kandidat? Auswahlkriterien bei der Kandidatenaufstellung zum Deutschen Bundestag
Authors: Cordes Malte , Hellmann Daniel
Published: April 2020

Before an election takes place, the party members select their parliamentary candidates . Their nomination decisions depend on their vision of an ideal candidate . Based on the IParl survey of party members participating in the candidate selection for the 2017 German Bundestag elections we are able to investigate these preferences . As we see, there is neither a common ideal among all participants, nor are there any distinctly different groups . Differentiating between district and state level these variations are less distinct than between the different parties . We could also show that competitors seem to perceive demands from their electors at least partially different . Presumably those aspirants who are better at anticipating their electors’ complex preferences might have better chances in the intra-party nomination process .
Caseins as Regulators of Hematopoiesis
Authors: Ledesma-Martinez Edgar , Domínguez-Meléndez Vanihamin , Aguiñiga-Sánchez Itzen , Santiago-Osorio Edelmiro
Published: April 2020

The main physiological role of casein, the main protein component in the milk, is to be a source of amino acids that are required for the growth of the neonate; therefore, casein is considered a highly nutritious protein. Over time, it has been revealed that casein is a protein whose physiological importance reaches levels far superior to the food field, having a wide array of biological activities including antimicrobial activities, facilitating absorption of nutrients, as well as acting as a growth factor and an immune stimulant. Here we analyze how caseins can exert numerous hematopoietic and immunomodulatory actions, their role in granulopoiesis, monocytopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis from the early stages of postnatal development seemingly throughout life, and we wonder if casein could be useful to fight pathogens resistant to antibiotics, inducing a strong immune response in immunosuppressed patients, or even be a prophylactic strategy to prevent infections.
Called to Plan: Changing Patterns and Perceptions of Retirement for Australian and New Zealand Faith-Based Ministers
Authors: Erasmus Bernadene , John Morey Peter
Published: April 2020

The rising tide of aging citizens globally suggests a compelling argument for increasing understanding of factors impacting retirement. Factors such as health and finance have been identified as principal, but these results generally apply to homogenous groups with little reference to the impact of culture and tradition. This study adopted an ex post-facto, cross-sectional, self-reporting survey from working faith-based ministers in Australia and New Zealand to ascertain personal and professional factors affecting retirement perception in specific context including results for age-related differences. Results from four areas of foci show participants generally regarded retirement as a positive season. They were, however, less confident about their preparedness and mostly dissatisfied with the level of planning for retirement. Significant differences were noted in age-related groups with health and financial considerations constituting the primary differences. Increased understanding of changing patterns and perceptions for specific groups including age differences, potentially aids the response of state and society to the ageing phenomenon.
Clinique dialogique et rapport aux savoirs en situations extrêmes: à l’écoute des récits d’adolescentes malades
Authors: Lani-Bayle Martine , Maia-Vasconcelos Sandra Farias
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer como os adolescentes hospitalizados se sentem em relação à sua vivência como um paciente crônico grave, excetuando-se aqui os pacientes neurológicos severos e os com problemas psicológicos graves, e que saberes esses sujeitos desenvolvem durante o período de hospitalização. Trabalhou-se com cinco adolescentes com cânceres de diferentes etiologias, com idades compreendidas entre 13 e 19 anos. Todos os adolescentes foram atendidos no hospital seguindo o método das Conversas Fenomenológicas (FERNANDES, 2017). O objetivo foi questionar as diferentes hipóteses possíveis sobre o papel da escolarização para o adolescente gravemente doente e sua relação com o saber neste momento de dificuldade física e de supressão do direito à escola. Como resultado, percebeu-se que o estudo regular não lhes faz falta, pois o que eles querem é falar sobre si mesmos, sobre tudo o que lhes acontece, sobre a doença, seus sentimentos, sua maneira de ver o mundo e tudo sobre o que nunca pensaram. Sua relação com a classe hospitalar parece inaugurar uma nova relação com o saber escolar, ainda não inaugurada pela escola.
Cytotoxicity evaluation of orthodontic miniscrews
Authors: Blaya Miceli Guimarães , Marquezan Mariana , Baptista-Silva Anelise , Hirakata Luciana Mayumi , Medina-Silva Renata
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a citotoxicidade induzida por mini-implantes ortodônticos conforme recebidos pelo fabricante, após a exposição a fluoretos, e após a exposição ao meio bucal. Oitenta e quatro mini-implantes de fabricantes brasileiros (SIN, INP e Neodent) foram divididos em sete grupos (n = 12): G1 - SIN como recebido do fabricante; G2 - SIN imerso durante quinze dias em NaF 0,05%; G3 - SIN exposto ao meiobucal; G4 - INP como recebido do fabricante; G5 - INP imerso durante quinze dias em NaF 0,05%; G6 - Neodent como recebido do fabricante; G7 - Neodent imerso por quinze dias em NaF 0,05%. Sua citotoxicidade foi avaliada por testes de exposição direta e indireta usando a levedura S. cerevisiae. O estresse oxidativo também foi avaliada por meio de teste de coloração de colônias. Os resultados mostraram não haver redução significativa da viabilidade celular sobre a exposição direta ou indireta a mini-implantes.