bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel 3-D action video game mechanics reveal differentiable cognitive constructs in young players, but not in old
Authors: Ono Tomihiro , Sakurai Takeshi , Kasuno Shinichi , Murai Toshiya
Published: July 2022

Video game research predominantly uses a “one game-one function” approach—researchers deploy a constellation of task-like minigames to span multiple domains or consider a complex video game to essentially represent one cognitive construct. To profile cognitive functioning in a more ecologically valid setting, we developed a novel 3-D action shooter video game explicitly designed to engage multiple cognitive domains. We compared gameplay data with results from a web-based cognitive battery (WebCNP) for 158 participants (aged 18–74). There were significant negative main effects on game performance from age and gender, even when controlling for prior video game exposure. Among younger players, game mechanics displayed significant and unique correlations to cognitive constructs such as aim accuracy with attention and stealth with abstract thinking within the same session. Among older players the relation between game components and cognitive domains was unclear. Findings suggest that while game mechanics within a single game can be deconstructed to correspond to existing cognitive metrics, how game mechanics are understood and utilized likely differs between the young and old. We argue that while complex games can be utilized to measure distinct cognitive functions, the translation scheme of gameplay to cognitive function should not be one-size-fits-all across all demographics.
Mirabegron and solifenacin are effective for the management of the increased urinary frequency induced by psychological stress in female mice
Authors: West Eliza G. , McDermott Catherine , Chess-Williams Russ , Sellers Donna J.
Published: July 2022

Evidence to support the effectiveness of β3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron and anti-muscarinic solifenacin in the management of bladder dysfunction caused by psychological stress is lacking. This study investigates whether mirabegron or solifenacin reduces the bladder overactivity caused by water avoidance stress (WAS) in mice. Female mice were exposed to WAS for 1 h/day for 10 days and received either placebo, solifenacin or mirabegron in drinking water. Controls were age-matched without stress exposure. Voiding behaviour and functional isolated whole bladder responses during distension and in response to pharmacological agents and electrical field stimulation was investigated. Urinary frequency was significantly increased following stress. Mice treated with mirabegron or solifenacin displayed significantly fewer voiding events compared to the stressed mice, and voiding frequency in drug-treated animals was comparable to unstressed controls. The maximal contractile responses of bladders to carbachol were significantly enhanced by stress and reduced by mirabegron but not solifenacin. The frequency of phasic bladder contractions following stimulation with carbachol was significantly enhanced following stress and remained elevated in the mirabegron treated group. However, treatment with solifenacin significantly reduced the frequency of phasic contractions to unstressed control levels. Solifenacin and mirabegron are beneficial in reducing the overall voiding dysfunction caused by WAS in mice.
Clearance and persistence of Escherichia coli in the freshwater mussel Unio mancus
Authors: Campos M. , Lobato-Bailón L. , Merciai R. , Cabezón O. , Torres-Blas I. , Araujo R. , Migura-Garcia L.
Published: July 2022

The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant bacteria, mainly from the Enterobacterales group, with high pathogenic/zoonotic potentials that can lead to problems in public health. The increasing presence in freshwater ecosystems highlights the need to evaluate potential sentinel species as risk indicators for both ecosystem and human health. The freshwater mussels provide several ecosystem services, may represent potential sentinel species due to their ability to filter water and retain both organic and inorganic particles. We tested the capability of U. mancus to retain Escherichia coli as a model bacterial organism. Under experimental conditions, the mussels could clear suspended E. coli, facilitating its rapid elimination from water within the first 24 h after exposure. The species also presented a maximum retention time of 4 days. We also provide allometric equations correlating the filtering capacity with the length and the weight of mussel body parts often used in biometric studies. We provide a first assessment of the potential of the bivalve Unio mancus to act as a sentinel species for the detection of Enterobacterales and demonstrate the ability to act as a water cleaner.
The fusion–fission optimization (FuFiO) algorithm
Authors: Nouhi Behnaz , Darabi Nima , Sareh Pooya , Bayazidi Hadi , Darabi Farhad , Talatahari Siamak
Published: July 2022

Fusion–Fission Optimization (FuFiO) is proposed as a new metaheuristic algorithm that simulates the tendency of nuclei to increase their binding energy and achieve higher levels of stability. In this algorithm, nuclei are divided into two groups, namely stable and unstable. Each nucleus can interact with other nuclei using three different types of nuclear reactions, including fusion, fission, and β-decay. These reactions establish the stabilization process of unstable nuclei through which they gradually turn into stable nuclei. A set of 120 mathematical benchmark test functions are selected to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results of the FuFiO algorithm and its related non-parametric statistical tests are compared with those of other metaheuristic algorithms to make a valid judgment. Furthermore, as some highly-complicated problems, the test functions of two recent Competitions on Evolutionary Computation, namely CEC-2017 and CEC-2019, are solved and analyzed. The obtained results show that the FuFiO algorithm is superior to the other metaheuristic algorithms in most of the examined cases.
Exploring the impact of southern ocean sea ice on the Indian Ocean swells
Authors: Sreejith Meenakshi , P. G. Remya , Kumar B. Praveen , Raj Abhijith , Nair T. M. Balakrishnan
Published: July 2022

The present study analyzes the impact of the Southern Ocean (SO) sea ice concentration on the north Indian Ocean (NIO) wave fields through swells using 6 years (2016–2021) of WAVEWATCH III (WWIII) simulations. We did two experimental runs of WWIII, one with sea ice concentration and winds as the forcing (W3with_ice) and the second run with only wind forcing (W3no_ice). Analysis shows the impact of the SO sea ice concentration on northward swell peaks in September–November, coinciding with the maximum sea ice extent in the Antarctic region of the Indian Ocean. W3no_ice simulations are biased more by ~ 60% and ~ 37% in significant wave height and period, respectively, against W3with_ice when compared with NIO mooring data. W3no_ice simulates low-frequency swells and travels fast towards NIO, with implications for operational oceanography. We have shown that the forecasts of the timing of high swell events along NIO coasts can be erroneous by ~ 12 h if the SO sea ice concentration is not included in the model. Further, W3no_ice could potentially produce false swell alerts along southeastern Australian coasts. In summary, our study highlights the importance of the SO sea ice concentration inclusion in the wave models to accurately simulate NIO waves.
Comparison of entomological impacts of two methods of intervention designed to control Anopheles gambiae s.l. via swarm killing in Western Burkina Faso
Authors: Sawadogo Simon P. , Niang Abdoulaye , Wu Sean L. , Millogo Azize A. , Bonds Jane , Latham Mark , Dabiré Roch K. , Tatarsky Allison , Tripet Frederic , Diabaté Abdoulaye
Published: July 2022

Outdoor biting constitutes a major limitation of current vector control based primarily on long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying, both of which are indoor interventions. Consequently, malaria elimination will not be achieved unless additional tools are found to deal with the residual malaria transmission and the associated vector dynamics. In this study we tested a new vector control approach for rapidly crashing mosquito populations and disrupting malaria transmission in Africa. This method targets the previously neglected swarming and outdoor nocturnal behaviors of both male and femaleAnophelesmosquitoes. It involved accurate identification and targeted spraying of mosquito swarms to suppress adult malaria vector populations and their vectorial capacities. The impact of targeted spraying was compared to broadcast spraying and evaluated simultaneously. The effects of the two interventions were very similar, no significant differences between targeted spraying and broadcast spraying were found for effects on density, insemination or parity rate. However, targeted spraying was found to be significantly more effective than broadcast spraying at reducing the number of bites per person. As expected, each intervention had a highly significant impact upon all parameters measured, but the targeted swarm spraying required less insecticide.
Mechanical signatures of human colon cancers
Authors: Lopez-Crapez Evelyne , Costa Luca , Tosato Guillaume , Ramos Jeanne , Mazard Thibault , Guiramand Janique , Thierry Alain , Colinge Jacques , Milhiet Pierre-Emmanuel , Bénistant Christine
Published: July 2022

Besides the standard parameters used for colorectal cancer (CRC) management, new features are needed in clinical practice to improve progression-free and overall survival. In some cancers, the microenvironment mechanical properties can contribute to cancer progression and metastasis formation, or constitute a physical barrier for drug penetration or immune cell infiltration. These mechanical properties remain poorly known for colon tissues. Using a multidisciplinary approach including clinical data, physics and geostatistics, we characterized the stiffness of healthy and malignant colon specimens. For this purpose, we analyzed a prospective cohort of 18 patients with untreated colon adenocarcinoma using atomic force microscopy to generate micrometer-scale mechanical maps. We characterized the stiffness of normal epithelium samples taken far away or close to the tumor area and selected tumor tissue areas. These data showed that normal epithelium was softer than tumors. In tumors, stroma areas were stiffer than malignant epithelial cell areas. Among the clinical parameters, tumor left location, higher stage, and RAS mutations were associated with increased tissue stiffness. Thus, in patients with CRC, measuring tumor tissue rigidity may have a translational value and an impact on patient care.
Late fetal demise, a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Abiola Lucile , Legendre Guillaume , Spiers Andrew , Parot-Schinkel Elsa , Hamel Jean-François , Duverger Philippe , Bouet Pierre-Emmanuel , Descamps Philippe , Quelen Caroline , Gillard Philippe , Riquin Elise
Published: July 2022

Late-term fetal demise including fetal death in utero, late miscarriage and late termination of pregnancy are relatively frequent occurrences. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pathology that finds its roots in exposure to a life-threatening event or an event related to death. Exposure to fetal death during a late-term fetal demise is, therefore, a situation at risk of trauma. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the short term among patients faced with late fetal demise, and to identify potential risk factors. All women were assessed at 15 days, one month, and three months after late fetal demise using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). At 15 days, 44.2% of patients presented a pathological score on the IES-R (≥ 33). At one month and three months, this figure was 34.1% and 9.1% respectively. Factor associated with PTSD symptoms were: peritraumatic dissociation (p = 0.014), seeing the fetus during hospitalization (p = 0.035), holding the fetus in one’s arms (p = 0.046), and the organization of a funeral service (p = 0.025). Patients experiencing late fetal demise are at significant risk of trauma. Care providers should remain vigilant to identify high-risk situations to offer appropriate care.

Clinical trials registration number: NCT03433989.
The challenge of HLA donor specific antibodies in the management of pancreatic islet transplantation: an illustrative case-series
Authors: Maanaoui Mehdi , Chetboun Mikael , Top Isabelle , Elsermans Vincent , Kerr-Conte Julie , Le Mapihan Kristell , Defrance Frederique , Gmyr Valéry , Hubert Thomas , Labalette Myriam , Hazzan Marc , Vantyghem Marie-Christine , Pattou François
Published: July 2022

Islet transplantation is a unique paradigm in organ transplantation, since multiple donors are required to achieve complete insulin-independence. Preformed or de novo Donor Specific Antibodies (DSA) may target one or several donor islets, which adds complexity to the analysis of their impact. Adult patients with type 1 diabetes transplanted with pancreatic islets between 2005 and 2018 were included in a single-center observational study. Thirty-two recipients with available sera tested by solid-phase assays for anti-HLA antibodies during their whole follow-up were analyzed. Twenty-five recipients were islet-transplantation-alone recipients, and 7 islet-after-kidney recipients. Seven recipients presented with DSA at any time during follow-up (two with preformed DSA only, one with preformed and de novo DSA, 4 with de novo DSA only). Only islet-transplantation-alone recipients presented with de novo DSA. Three clinical trajectories were identified according to: 1/the presence of preformed DSA, 2/early de novo DSA or 3/late de novo DSA. Only late de novo DSA were associated with unfavorable outcomes, depicted by a decrease of the β-score. Islet transplantation with preformed DSA, even with high MFI values, is associated with favorable outcomes in our experience. On the contrary, de novo DSA, and especially late de novo DSA, may be associated with allograft loss.
Fermentation for the production of biobased chemicals in a circular economy: a perspective for the period 2022–2050
Authors: Ewing Tom A. , Nouse Niels , van Lint Matthijs , van Haveren Jacco , Hugenholtz Jeroen , van Es Daan S.
Published: July 2022

A critical review of the potential of fermentation processes for production of bulk chemicals in a future circular economy.
Rh(iii)-Catalyzed chemo-, regio- and stereoselective carboamination of sulfonyl allenes with N-phenoxy amides or N-enoxy imides
Authors: Wu Min , Zhang Haiman , Wang Ting , Lin Shuang , Guo Ziyang , Gao Hui , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei
Published: July 2022

The Rh(iii)-catalyzed chemo-, regio- and stereoselective carboamination of sulfonyl allenes with N-phenoxy amides or N-enoxy imides has been realized.
Compound-tunable embedding potential method: analysis of pseudopotentials for Yb in YbF2, YbF3, YbCl2 and YbCl3 crystals
Authors: Shakhova Vera M. , Maltsev Daniil A. , Lomachuk Yuriy V. , Mosyagin Nikolai S. , Skripnikov Leonid V. , Titov Anatoly V.
Published: July 2022

Periodic-structure and two-component CTEP embedded cluster studies of YbF2, YbF3, YbCl2, and YbCl3 are performed. The CTEP method reproduces the electron density of ionic–covalent crystals within a small fragment with benchmark accuracy.
Pericyclic reaction benchmarks: hierarchical computations targeting CCSDT(Q)/CBS and analysis of DFT performance
Authors: Vermeeren Pascal , Dalla Tiezza Marco , Wolf Mark E. , Lahm Mitchell E. , Allen Wesley D. , Schaefer Henry F. , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias
Published: July 2022

A hierarchical ab initio benchmark up to CCSDT(Q)/CBS in combination with a DFT performance study reveals meta-hybrid M06-2X functional as the best performing functional for accurately describing pericyclic reactions.
Use of open-source software platform to develop dashboards for control and automation of flow chemistry equipment
Authors: van der Westhuizen C. Johan , du Toit Jurie , Neyt Nicole , Riley Darren , Panayides Jenny-Lee
Published: July 2022

We report the development of an open-source software approach to monitor and control flow chemistry reactors from any smart device utilising Node-RED which lowers the expertise required to expand the system further and automate other equipment.
A cavity-shaped cis-chelating P,N ligand for highly selective nickel-catalysed ethylene dimerisation
Authors: Li Yang , Pelzer Katrin , Sechet Damien , Creste Geordie , Matt Dominique , Braunstein Pierre , Armspach Dominique
Published: July 2022

The presence of a cyclodextrin cavity in a chelating P,N ligand promotes the exclusive formation of 1 : 1 ligand/metal complexes. A Ni(ii) complex of the ligand is a very selective catalyst for ethylene dimerisation as a result of metal confinement.
Structure–property relationships in critically connected (GeTe4)100−x(As2Se3)x glasses
Authors: Chahal Shweta , Prabhudessai Akila G. , Shekhawat Roopali , Vinoth S. , Ramesh K.
Published: July 2022

(GeTe4)100−x(As2Se3)x glasses having an average coordination number (Zav) = 2.4 show minimum fragility, indicating strong nature of the melts. This study also brings out the dominance of chemical composition effects over the network connectivity.
Decarbonisation of heavy-duty diesel engines using hydrogen fuel: a review of the potential impact on NOx emissions
Authors: Wright Madeleine L. , Lewis Alastair C.
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen–diesel co-fuelling may reduce NOx and PM2.5 emissions if used in lower load construction machinery and HGVs. In high load applications such as electrical generators, emissions could be higher than pure diesel, unless further abated.
Synthesis and excited state modulation of organic blue light emitters based on 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine and carbazole derivatives through ortho-positioned linking models
Authors: Li Xiong , Zheng Lifeng , Tang Wei , Ye Shanghui , Ma Jing , Jiang Hongji
Published: July 2022

Effective excited state modulation of organic frameworks based on 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine and carbazole derivatives through ortho-positioned linking models has been successfully realized, which will pave the way toward effective synthesis of organic blue light emitters.
Catalytic, asymmetric azidations at carbonyls: achiral and meso-anhydride desymmetrisation affords enantioenriched γ-lactams
Authors: Smith Simon N. , Trujillo Cristina , Connon Stephen J.
Published: July 2022

The first catalytic asymmetric addition of azide to carbonyl centres has been reported – a hypermodified Cinchona alkaloid-derived organocatalyst promotes the addition of trimethylsilyl azide to glutaric anhydrides.
Sequence matching enhanced 3D place recognition using candidate rearrangement
Authors: Li Chi , Yan Fei , Zhuang Yan
Published: July 2022

Deep‐learning‐based 3D place recognition has received more attention since the data‐driven fashion is widely used for the 3D point cloud applications. Most of the existing deep‐learning‐based 3D place recognition methods only utilise a single scene for place recognition. However, a single scene may have measurement noise or observable dynamic object differences, which may lead to a reduction in recognition accuracy. To improve the performance of 3D place recognition, a sequence matching based rearrangement method is proposed. Our sequence matching method is based on an assignment algorithm and guides the candidate rearrangement in searching for a similar place. The global descriptor extraction adapts the effective sparse tensor representation and a simple pooling layer to obtain the global descriptor. A new loss function combination is employed to train the network. The proposed approach is evaluated on the popular 3D place recognition benchmarks, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Versatile kernel reactivation for deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Lee Jeong Jun , Kim Hyun
Published: July 2022

Several networks exhibiting excellent performance in the field of computer vision still suffer from the challenge of over‐parameterization. Over‐parameterized networks have several parameters that cannot be trained, owing to the poor backpropagation process caused by a small L1 norm, and these parameters suppress the potential for network performance improvement. This study proposes a kernel reactivation method to improve network performance by reusing invalid kernels that cannot be utilized for training because of the small L1 norm. The results indicate that the accuracy of Cifar‐10 in ResNet‐110 is improved by 0.94% compared to the baseline, and the top‐1 and top‐5 accuracies of Tiny‐ImageNet in ResNet‐50 are improved by 1.87% and 1.03% compared to the baseline, respectively.
Raman spectroscopy based detection of corrosive sulfur in transformer oil: Method and application
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Song Ruimin , Chen Weigen , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Pinyi
Published: July 2022

In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods for corrosive sulfur detection in transformer oil, Raman spectroscopy based detection is proposed in this paper. The widely concerned corrosive sulfur, Dibenzyl Disulfide (DBDS), was chosen as the characteristic molecule to be detected. A series of oil samples with different DBDS concentrations was prepared. And these samples were extracted by 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone for DBDS enrichment to improve the sensitivity of detection. Then Raman spectra of samples were obtained, and a linear model was established by analysing the relationship between the characteristic peak and the DBDS concentration. The limit of detection reached 7.98 mg/kg. For determining the DBDS concentrations causing sulfur corrosion, the sulfur weight content on the copper conductor surface was measured by Scanning Electron Microscope‐Energy Dispersive Spectrometer after a corrosion test. The results show that the corrosion limitation highly depends on the type of transformer oil, and the Raman spectroscopy detection can meet the limit of detection requirement in practical condition. Finally, an on‐site oil sample and five Lab‐made samples were detected via our new method and the current Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry based method. It is found that there is no significant divergence between the measurement results. And good applicability was also demonstrated in on‐site sample test.
Inference of the cosmic rest-frame from supernovae Ia
Authors: Horstmann Nick , Pietschke Yannic , Schwarz Dominik J.
Published: July 2022

We determine the proper motion of the Solar System from the Pantheon sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe). The posterior distribution of the Solar System proper velocity, its direction, and relevant cosmological parameters were obtained based on the observed distance moduli, heliocentric redshifts, and positions of SNe by means of a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We accounted for the unknown peculiar motion of SNe by including their expected covariance from linear theory. We find that the Solar System moves with vo = 249 ± 51 km s−1 towards RA = 166 ± 16 deg, Dec = 10 ± 19 deg (J2000), (all at 68% C.L.). The direction of motion agrees with the direction of the dipole observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) (RA = 166 deg, Dec = −7 deg). The inferred velocity is 2.4σ lower than the value inferred from a purely kinematic interpretation of the CMB dipole (370 km s−1). Assuming a flat Λ cold dark matter model, we find no degeneracy of solar proper motion with other cosmological parameters. The dimensionless matter density, ΩM = 0.305 ± 0.022, is in excellent agreement with CMB measurements. We also find no degeneracy of the solar proper motion with the SN calibration nuisance parameter. Bulk flows might be able to explain why the solar motion appears to be slower than that of nearby SNe. We conclude that a larger sample of SNe, distributed over wide areas of the sky and a broad range in redshift, will allow an independent and robust test of the kinematic nature of the CMB dipole.
Astrometric mass measurement of compact companions in binary systems with Gaia
Authors: Wang Yilun , Liao Shilong , Giacobbo Nicola , Olejak Aleksandra , Gao Jian , Liu Jifeng
Published: July 2022

Context. For binary systems with an unseen primary and a luminous secondary, the astrometric wobble of the secondary could be used to study the primary. With Gaia, it is possible to measure the mass of the black hole or neutron star with a luminous companion (hereafter BH/NS-LC).

Aims. Our aim is to provide a method for predicting Gaia’s ability in measuring the mass of BH/NS-LCs. We also tried to estimate the number of solvable BH/NS-LCs using Gaia.

Methods. We used a realistic Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation of mock Gaia observations to obtain a relation between the uncertainty of mass measurement of the primary in BH/NS-LCs with the observable variables of the secondary astrometric orbit. Furthermore, we used the MOBSE code to evolve a Galactic BH/NS-LC sample with a combined Milky Way model. Our relation is applied to this sample to estimate the number of solvable BH/NS-LCs.

Results. We derived a good relation between the mass uncertainty and the binary parameters. For the first time, we show the quantitive influence of the period P, inclination i, eccentricity e, and ecliptic latitude β to the mass measurement. Our results suggest that 48−7+7 BH-LCs and 102−10+11 NS-LCs are solvable during a 5 yr Gaia mission. We also give the distribution of the distance and apparent magnitude of the Gaia solvable BH/NS-LCs. This solvable sample would be increased by additional spectroscopic data or a prolonged Gaia mission.

Conclusions. The mass uncertainty relation could be used in future simulations of BH/NS-LCs observed by Gaia. The prediction of the solvable BH/NS-LCs is not only influenced by the process in generating the Galactic BH/NS-LC sample, but is also affected by our uncertainty relation. In particular, the relations of parameters such as [P, e, i,ß] are very useful to correct the selection effect in the statistic results of the future BH/NS-LC sample observed by Gaia.
Comparer les modèles à l’aide du vecteur caractéristique : fonction, nature, principe et usage des modèles
Authors: Varenne Franck
Published: July 2022

Dans un contexte de pluralisation, de sophistication et de combinaison des modèles formels, il devient difficile de proposer des pratiques uniformes – sinon elles-mêmes comparables – de comparaison de modèles. Cet article présente les grandes lignes d’une épistémologie comparative des modèles, à la fois large et classificatoire. Le but de cette épistémologie est de proposer des outils conceptuels applicables, développables – au besoin rectifiables – qui puissent être utiles aux modélisateurs comme aux historiens et aux épistémologues. La notion ouverte de vecteur caractéristique de modèle – incorporant en particulier les concepts de fonction, de nature, de principe et d’usage du modèle – est introduite à cette fin. Cette proposition s’est développée pour servir à l’écriture mieux outillée d’une histoire comparative et interdisciplinaire des modèles et des simulations.
Analysis for external exposure of nurses engaged in nuclear medicine using a personal dosimeter with a trend function
Authors: Tsujiguchi T. , Shukunobe S. , Sagisaka Y. , Yamanouchi K. , Ito K. , Koiwa T. , Kudo K. , Takei Y. , Hosokawa S. , Takahashi Y.
Published: July 2022

Occupational exposure of radiation workers, including nurses, is an important issue that should always be considered. However, there are limited reports on external exposure of nurses working in nuclear medicine investigated using a personal dosimeter with a trend function. We investigated the relationship between the personal dose equivalent and behavior of nurses in nuclear medicine using a personal dosimeter with a trend function. It was found that the external exposure of nurses was high when they cleaned hospital rooms where patients who received radiopharmaceutical drugs were admitted. However, none of the nurses surveyed exceeded 3μ. Visualization of the contamination in the hospital room showed that the area around the sink and trash can was particularly contaminated. Hence, nurses need to be more careful when cleaning. Although it is unlikely that the nurses surveyed will be affected by external exposure, data in this report is valuable for nurses at medical institutions to consider work hours and personnel strategies.
Einfluss der Coronapandemie auf die Leberchirurgie und
Lebertransplantationen in Deutschland
Authors: Yurttas Can , Schleicher Christina , Fischer Imma , Meisner Christoph , Nadalin Silvio , Königsrainer Alfred , Löffler Markus W. , Quante Markus
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund Die Leberchirurgie ist durch ein hohes perioperatives Risiko
und einen großen Ressourcenaufwand geprägt, aber die Operationsindikation ist
oftmals alternativlos. Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie führte weltweit zu
Einschränkungen in der chirurgischen Patientenversorgung und stellte daher auch
die Leberchirurgie vor neue Herausforderungen. Welchen Einfluss die Pandemie
allerdings auf die Leberchirurgie in Deutschland insgesamt hatte, ist bislang
nur unzureichend bekannt.

Methoden Auf Basis der durch das Statistische Bundesamt (Destatis)
erfassten Daten zu Prozedurenschlüsseln (OPS-Codes) vollstationärer Patienten in
Deutschland aus den Jahren 2010–2020 sowie Daten zu Organtransplantationen der
Deutschen Stiftung Organtransplantation (DSO) wurde retrospektiv die Anzahl
leberchirurgischer Prozeduren in Deutschland zu Beginn der Pandemie mit den
Vorjahresdaten sowie mit Zahlen aus dem Eurotransplant-Raum verglichen.

Ergebnisse Entsprechend der durch das Statistische Bundesamt
dokumentierten Prozedurenschlüssel unterlagen Operationen an der Leber sowie
Lebertransplantationen in Deutschland in den Jahren 2010 bis 2020 einer
jährlichen Schwankung, die auch im Pandemiejahr 2020, im Gegensatz zu anderen
europäischen Ländern, unverändert geblieben ist. Die Entwicklung der
postmortalen Lebertransplantation sowie der Leberlebendspenden ist in
Deutschland, gemäß den Zahlen der DSO, auch im Jahr 2020 stabil geblieben.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Anzahl leberchirurgischer Eingriffe in Deutschland
unterlag bis 2020 einer dynamischen Entwicklung, die auch im 1. Pandemiejahr
2020 keine deutliche Veränderung gezeigt hat. Die häufigsten an der Leber
durchgeführten Operationen sowie die Lebertransplantation entwickelten sich auch
zu Beginn der Pandemie quantitativ weitgehend stabil. Die Veröffentlichung von
Daten zu den entsprechenden Prozedurenschlüsseln für das Jahr 2021 bleibt
abzuwarten, um die weitere Entwicklung der Leberchirurgie und -transplantation
in Deutschland während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie beurteilen zu können.
Mechanochemical Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Diketones to Access Chiral 1,3-Diols under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Wang Chengyi , Deng Shaomin , Cheng Tanyu , Liu Rui , Chen Rui , Liu Guohua
Published: July 2022

A mechanochemical asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of diketones in the presence of a ruthenium complex under solvent-free conditions was developed to provide chiral 1,3-diol derivatives. This protocol benefits from rapid reaction kinetics, no use of solvents, and excellent enantioselectivity. In addition, the mechanochemical ATH reaction can easily be performed on a gram scale.
Safety and efficacy of liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in Barrett’s neoplasia – a comprehensive review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chandan Saurabh , Bapaye Jay , Khan Shahab R. , Deliwala Smit , Mohan Babu P. , Ramai Daryl , Dhindsa Banreet S. , Goyal Hemant , Kassab Lena L. , Aziz Muhammad , Kamal Faisal , Facciorusso Antonio , Adler Douglas G.
Published: July 2022

Background and study aims Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precursor condition to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), resulting in transformation of the squamous epithelium of distal esophagus to columnar-lined epithelium with intestinal metaplasia (IM). Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy (LNSC) is a non-contact method of BE eradication and has been used both as primary and salvage therapy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of LNSC.

Methods We searched multiple databases from inception through December 2021 to identify studies on use of LNSC for Barrett’s neoplasia. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects model and results were expressed in terms of pooled proportions with relevant 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of complete eradication (CE) of dysplasia(D), high grade dysplasia (HGD) and IM.

Results Fourteen studies with 707 patients were included in our final analysis. Overall pooled rates of CE-D, CE-HGD and CE-IM were 80.8 % (CI 77.4–83.8; I2 62), 90.3 % (CI 85.2–93.7; I2 33) and 55.8 % (CI 51.7–59.8; I2 73) with follow up ranging from 4.25 months to 69.7 months. In patients with follow up beyond 24 months, the rates of CE-D and CE-IM were 83.6 % (CI 77.6–88.2; I2 60) and 54.7 % (CI 47.6–61.6; I2 81). Among LNSC naïve patients with prior history of endoscopic resection, the rates were 79.9 % (CI 73.3–85.2; I2 50) and 67.1 % (CI 59.5–73.8; I2 0). Pooled rate of therapeutic failures, defined as lack of response to LNSC therapy, was 23.6 % (CI 19.4–28.3; I2 73). Post LNSC strictures and perforation pooled rates were 4 % and 0.8 %, respectively, which are similar to those previously reported for RFA.

Conclusions Our analysis suggests that liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy is an acceptable treatment for BE in both ablation naïve and experienced patients.
A Study of the Prognostic Significance of Platelet Distribution Width, Mean Platelet Volume, and Plateletcrit in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Madineni K. Usha Chowdary , Siddam Venkata Naveen Prasad , Bhuma Vengamma
Published: July 2022

Background Platelets play a vital role in thrombus formation and propagation and are thus implicated in the pathogenesis and morbidity of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). A whole blood count can be used to objectively measure platelet function through platelet indices, namely platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and plateletcrit.

Objective This study examined how platelet indices (PDW, MPV, and plateletcrit) affect the CVST severity and functional outcome.

Methodology In this prospective, longitudinal, observational study, 66 patients with CVST from a tertiary care referral center were enrolled. A complete blood count including platelet indices was obtained using an automated hematology analyzer. Patients with and without parenchymal abnormalities on brain imaging were classified as having severe and nonsevere CVST, respectively. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to examine functional outcomes at admission and after 90 days. The patients were categorized into low mRS (0–1) and high mRS (2–6) functional groups.

Results The patients with severe CVST were older (p < 0.05) and exhibited abnormally large PDW (p < 0.05) which were statistically significant. Severe CSVT also had poor functional outcome score both at admission (p < 0.05) and 90 days later (p < 0.05) which were statistically significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis concluded age and PDW as the independent predictors of severe CVST (p < 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a cut-off value of 16.5 for PDW could predict CVST severity (p < 0.05). Patients with high mRS scores at admission had significantly larger PDW. At 90 days, no association was noted between PDW and mRS scores. MPV and plateletcrit levels were similar in both the severe and nonsevere CVST groups and exerted no effect on functional outcomes. PDW was significantly and inversely related to plateletcrit (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Severe CVST and PDW had a positive correlation. During the early phases of admission, PDW levels above a particular threshold were associated with poor functional outcomes; however, no such association was observed after 90 days. MPV and plateletcrit exerted no effect on CVST severity and prognosis.
Simple, low-cost method measures thermal diffusivity of food
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: July 2022

High school students determine thermal properties through variable manipulation of several foods.
Remotely Teaching Optics with Smartphone Camera
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: July 2022

Low-budget experiment can teach introductory, advanced physics students about thin lens equation
Correlation between changeover from weak antilocalization (WAL) to weak localization (WL) and positive to negative magnetoresistance in S-doped Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.3Se1.7
Authors: Singh Mahima , Ghosh Labanya , Gangwar Vinod K. , Kumar Yogendra , Pal Debarati , Shahi P. , Kumar Shiv , Mukherjee Sudip , Shimada K. , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: July 2022

The magneto-transport and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) of the S-doped Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.3Se1.7 system have been investigated. Both the positive magnetoresistance (pMR) and negative magnetoresistance (nMR) under a perpendicular magnetic field as well as a changeover from weak antilocalization (WAL) to weak localization (WL) are observed. The interplay between pMR and nMR is elucidated in terms of the dephasing and spin–orbit scattering time scales. The topological surface state bands have been explored using ARPES.
Velocity discretization for lattice Boltzmann method for noncontinuum bounded gas flows at the micro- and nanoscale
Authors: Shi Yong
Published: July 2022

The lattice Boltzmann (LB) method intrinsically links to the Boltzmann equation with the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook collision operator; however, it has been questioned to be able to simulate noncontinuum bounded gas flows at the micro- and nanoscale, where gas moves at a low speed but has a large Knudsen number. In this article, this point has been verified by simulating Couette flows at large Knudsen numbers (e.g., Kn=10 and Kn=100) through use of the linearized LB models based on the popular half-range Gauss–Hermite quadrature. The underlying cause for the poor accuracy of these conventional models is analyzed in the light of the numerical evaluation of the involved Abramowitz functions. A different thought on velocity discretization is then proposed using the Gauss–Legendre (GL) quadrature. Strikingly, the resulting GL-based LB models have achieved high accuracy in simulating Couette flows, Poiseuille flows, and lid-driven cavity flows in the strong transition and even free molecular flow regimes. The numerical study in this article reveals an essentially distinct but workable way in constructing the LB models for simulating micro- and nanoscale low-speed gas flows with strong noncontinuum effects.
Formation and structural characterization of two-dimensional wetting water layer on graphite (0001)
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Tawa Takenori , Murase Natsumi , Kato Hiroyuki S.
Published: July 2022

Understanding the structure and wettability of monolayer water is essential for revealing the mechanisms of nucleation, growth, and chemical reactivity at interfaces. We have investigated the wetting layer formation of water (ice) on the graphite (0001) surface using a combination of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). At around monolayer coverages, the LEED pattern showed a (2 × 2) periodicity and STM revealed a hydrogen-bonded hexagonal network. The lattice constant was about 9% larger than that for ice Ih/Ic crystals, and the packing density was 0.096 Å−2. These results indicate that an extended ice network is formed on graphite, different from that on metal surfaces. Graphite is hydrophobic under ambient conditions due to the airborne contaminant but is considered inherently hydrophilic for a clean surface. In this study, the hydrophilic nature of the clean surface has been investigated from a molecular viewpoint. The formation of a well-ordered commensurate monolayer supports that the interaction of water with graphite is not negligible so that a commensurate wetting layer is formed at the weak substrate–molecule interaction limit.
Elucidating coherent structures, transport barriers, and entrainment in turbulent fountains in stratified media
Authors: Freire Caporale D. , Barrere N. , Martí Arturo C. , Cabeza C. , Sarasúa L. G.
Published: July 2022

We analyze the flow organization of turbulent fountains in stratified media under different conditions, using three-dimensional finite-time Lyapunov exponents. The dominant Lagrangian coherent structures responsible for the transport barriers present a similar shape in the different configurations studied. After proposing a criterion for delimiting the boundary surface of the uprising fountain, we quantify the entrainment and re-entrainment rates under fully developed flow conditions using the proper coefficients. Finally, our analysis was applied to the selective inverted sink, a technological application of turbulent fountains, identifying turbulence as the primary mechanism favoring the device's efficiency.
Water- and DUV-induced self-passivation for In2O3 nanofiber field effect transistor
Authors: Ding Yanan , Ren Yajie , Zhang Danna , Liu Guoxia , Shan Fukai
Published: July 2022

For field effect transistors (FETs) based on electrospun oxide nanofibers, the electrical stability can be deteriorated by high-temperature annealing treatment. In this work, the self-passivation of an In2O3 nanofiber FET is achieved by the consequent thermal treatment, water treatment, and deep ultraviolet (DUV) irradiation, and the FET is named as a TWD (thermal treatment-water treatment-DUV irradiation)-device. For comparison, the devices treated by thermal treatment and by thermal + water treatment were also fabricated and abbreviated as a T-device and a TW (thermal treatment-water treatment)-device, respectively. From the transfer characteristics of the T-, TW-, and TWD-devices, the electrical performance is first degraded by water treatment and then recovered after DUV irradiation. The positive bias stress test confirms the stability enhancement after TWD treatment, indicating the achievement of the self-passivated FET based on In2O3 nanofibers. The excellent electrical stability is owing to the structural relaxation and the removal of trap sites such as oxygen vacancy and hydroxide. Integrated with the high-k ZrO2 dielectric, the TWD-In2O3/ZrO2 FET exhibits further improved electrical performance, including a mobility of 3.35 cm2/V s and a high on/off current ratio of 107.
Experimental study of liquid spreading and atomization due to jet impingement in liquid–liquid systems
Authors: Yamamura Sota , Fujiwara Kota , Honda Kota , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Horiguchi Naoki , Kaneko Akiko , Abe Yutaka
Published: July 2022

Liquid spreading and atomization due to jet impingement in liquid–liquid systems is considered to be crucial for understanding cooling behavior of high temperature molten martial into shallow water pool. This phenomenon takes place where a liquid jet enters a pool filled with another immiscible liquid. The jet spreads radially after impinging on the floor while forming a thin liquid film and atomizing droplets. In this study, we employed three-dimensional Laser-Induced Fluorescence (3D-LIF) measurements and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction to quantify its unsteady three-dimensional behavior. Under high flow velocity conditions, atomization occurred along with the spreading of the liquid film. To evaluate the spreading behavior of the liquid film, a comparison was made with the existing theory of gas–liquid systems. The spreading of the liquid film was suppressed compared with that of the gas–liquid system. Furthermore, the particle tracking velocimetry method was successfully used to measure the velocity boundary layer and velocity profile in the liquid film, which are important factors that affect the spreading mechanism of the liquid film. The results revealed that in liquid–liquid systems, shear stress at the liquid–liquid interface causes a decrease in the flow velocity and suppressed development of the velocity boundary layer. To evaluate the atomization behavior, the number and diameter distribution of the atomized droplets were measured from the acquired three-dimensional shape data of the jet. The number of droplets increased with the flow velocity. The results show that the jump radius is affected by such atomization behavior, and since the jump radius was lower than the theoretical value, we can conclude that the location of the hydraulic jump is expected to undergo an upstream transition.
Mechanism of hysteresis and uncontrolled deflection in jet vectoring control based on Coanda effect
Authors: Shi Nan-Xing , Gu Yun-Song , Zhou Yu-Hang , Wang Liang-Xiu , Feng Chao , Li Lin-Kai
Published: July 2022

We investigated the mechanism of hysteresis and uncontrolled deflection in jet vectoring control based on the Coanda effect. Thrust vectoring control based on the Coanda effect is highly applicable in the field of fluid dynamics because they can achieve jet deflection control with a simple geometric structure and low energy consumption. However, the hysteresis and uncontrolled deflection phenomena considerably hinder the practical application of these technologies. We designed a new passive fluidic thrust vectoring control model to analyze the mechanism of these disadvantages. We developed a synchronous pressure, force, and flow field measurement system to investigate the evolutions of flow structures and their effects on wall pressure distribution and vectoring force. The characteristics of the key flow structures, including the separation bubble, the secondary flow, and the backflow, were investigated. The transient features of jet attachment and jet detachment were researched to identify the transition of near-wall flow structures and wall pressure distribution during jet uncontrolled deflection. The mechanism of uncontrolled deflection is that the formation/breakdown of the separation bubble changes the flow state of the backflow, and the near-wall mass flux balance is collapsed. This causes a dramatic change in the jet vectoring angle, which is out of the valve's control. During attachment, the shear layer first touches the wall and forms a separation bubble, and then, the bubble shrinks. During detachment, the bubble first enlarges and then breaks down. Therefore, the formation and breakdown of the separation bubble correspond to different valve positions, which is the mechanism of hysteresis.
Effect of mixed Frenkel and charge transfer states in time-gated fluorescence spectra of perylene bisimides H-aggregates: Hierarchical equations of motion approach
Authors: Cainelli Mauro , Borrelli Raffaele , Tanimura Yoshitaka
Published: July 2022

We theoretically investigated the effect of mixed Frenkel (F) and charge transfer (CT) states on the spectral properties of perylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives, focusing on the role of strong electron–phonon interactions. The model consists of a four-level system described by the Holstein Hamiltonian coupled to independent local heat-baths on each site, described by Brownian spectral distribution functions. We employ the reduced hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach to calculate the time evolution of the system and compare it to the pure F exciton cases. We compute the absorption and time-gated fluorescence (TGF) spectra for different exciton transfer integrals and F-CT bandgap conditions. The coherence length of excitons (Ncoh) is evaluated employing two different definitions. We observe the presence of an excited hot state peak whose intensity is associated with the delocalization of the excited species and ultrafast dynamics that are solely dependent on the frequency of the local bath. The results indicate that the inclusion of CT states promotes localization of the excitons, which is manifested in a decrease in the intensity of the hot state peak and the 0–1 peak and an increase in the intensity of the 0–0 emission peak in the TGF spectrum, leading to a decrease of Ncoh.