bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effects of G9a inhibition through modulation of peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor gamma-dependent pathways by miR-128
Authors: Bellver-Sanchis Aina , Ávila-López Pedro A. , Tic Iva , Valle-García David , Ribalta-Vilella Marta , Labrador Luis , Banerjee Deb Ranjan , Guerrero Ana , Casadesus Gemma , Poulard Coralie , Pallàs Mercè , Griñán-Ferré Christian
Published: January 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202411000-00033/figure1/v/2024-04-10T160327Z/r/image-tiff

Dysregulation of G9a, a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, has been observed in Alzheimer’s disease and has been correlated with increased levels of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Likewise, microRNAs are involved in many biological processes and diseases playing a key role in pathogenesis, especially in multifactorial diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, our aim has been to provide partial insights into the interconnection between G9a, microRNAs, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. To better understand the biology of G9a, we compared the global microRNA expression between senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) control mice and SAMP8 treated with G9a inhibitor UNC0642. We found a downregulation of miR-128 after a G9a inhibition treatment, which interestingly binds to the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARG) mRNA. Accordingly, Pparg gene expression levels were higher in the SAMP8 group treated with G9a inhibitor than in the SAMP8 control group. We also observed modulation of oxidative stress responses might be mainly driven Pparg after G9a inhibitor. To confirm these antioxidant effects, we treated primary neuron cell cultures with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative insult. In this setting, treatment with G9a inhibitor increases both cell survival and antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, up-regulation of PPARγ by G9a inhibitor could also increase the expression of genes involved in DNA damage responses and apoptosis. In addition, we also described that the PPARγ/AMPK axis partially explains the regulation of autophagy markers expression. Finally, PPARγ/GADD45α potentially contributes to enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis after G9a inhibition. Altogether, we propose that pharmacological inhibition of G9a leads to a neuroprotective effect that could be due, at least in part, by the modulation of PPARγ-dependent pathways by miR-128.
Mechanism of inflammatory response and therapeutic effects of stem cells in ischemic stroke: current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Wang Yubo , Yuan Tingli , Lyu Tianjie , Zhang Ling , Wang Meng , He Zhiying , Wang Yongjun , Li Zixiao
Published: January 2024

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger age. China, in particular, bears a high burden of stroke cases. In recent years, the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot: understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for its treatment. This review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke, including microglia, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and astrocytes. Additionally, we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for ischemic stroke, particularly in the field of stem cell therapy. Overall, understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. Stem cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.
Clinical manifestations and spermatogenesis outcomes in Chinese patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by inherited or de novo FGFR1 mutations
Authors: Yang Yu-Fan , Ma Hai-Lu , Wang Xi , Nie Min , Mao Jiang-Feng , Wu Xue-Yan
Published: January 2024

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mutations are associated with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) through inheritance or spontaneous occurrence. We detected FGFR1 mutations in a Chinese cohort of 210 CHH patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China) using next-generation and Sanger sequencing. We assessed missense variant pathogenicity using six bioinformatics tools and compared clinical features and treatment outcomes between inherited and de novo mutation groups. Among 19 patients with FGFR1 mutations, three were recurrent, and 16 were novel variants. Sixteen of the novel mutations were likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, with the prevalent P366L variant. The majority of FGFR1 mutations was inherited (57.9%), with frameshift mutations exclusive to the de novo mutation group. The inherited mutation group had a lower incidence of cryptorchidism, short stature, and skeletal deformities. In the inherited mutation group, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were 0.5 IU l−1, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were 1.0 IU l−1, and testosterone levels were 1.3 nmol l−1. In contrast, the de novo group had LH levels of 0.2 IU l−1, FSH levels of 0.5 IU l−1, and testosterone levels of 0.9 nmol l−1, indicating milder hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPGA) functional deficiency in the inherited group. The inherited mutation group showed a tendency toward higher spermatogenesis rates. In conclusion, this study underscores the predominance of inherited FGFR1 mutations and their association with milder HPGA dysfunction compared to de novo mutations, contributing to our understanding of the genetic and clinical aspects of FGFR1 mutations.
Diagnosis of Mauriac Syndrome in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Kale Mayura , Kulkarni Ganesh , Kulkarni Divakar
Published: January 2024

Mauriac syndrome (MS) is a rare complication, seen in pediatric patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by growth failure and hepatomegaly and is associated with microvascular complications. We describe the case report of a 13-year-old girl with type 1 DM with MS due to inadequate insulin treatment with only short-acting insulin. She had growth failure, hepatomegaly with raised liver enzymes, neuropathy, very high HbA1c, and was in Tanner’s stage 1 sexual maturity. Her condition improved after switching to premixed insulin twice daily with additional short acting insulin before the lunch. Her enzymes normalized after 2 weeks of insulin intensification. Glycogen deposition in the liver due to uncontrolled DM is the cause of liver injury in MS. Thorough monitoring of growth and microvascular complications during each encounter with health-care personnel, along with tackling of social, mental, and emotional problems of children with type 1 DM is needed to prevent MS in resource-limited settings.
Profile of Teleconsultation in Dermatology at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jose Sheethal K. , Kuryan Priya Sara , Mahabal Gauri Dinesh , Peter Dincy C. V. , George Leni , Pulimood Susanne A.
Published: January 2024

Background:

There was a rapid expansion of teledermatology around the world with the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. This helped to reduce hospital visits with better adherence to medication and overall costs, especially in chronic dermatoses.

Methodology:

A retrospective study of teleconsultations during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic at the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital in South India was done from May to October 2020. Real-time video teleconsultations were done using the hospital’s teleconsultation portal. Demography, clinical profile of patients, and outcome of teleconsultation were studied.

Results:

During the study period, 476 teleconsultation sessions in 265 patients were carried out. The mean age of patients was 40.65 ± 16.79 years; geriatric population constituted 38 (14.3%) patients. Urban to rural population ratio was 1:1.3. Median disease duration was 2.5 years (interquartile range 4.75 years). Papulosquamous disorders and infectious diseases were the most common disorders constituting 52 (19.6%) and 51 (19.2%) cases, respectively. Patients with chronic dermatoses on systemic therapy constituted 268 (56.42%) teleconsultation sessions in 119 (44.9%) patients; common diseases being autoimmune blistering disorders (38; 31.9%), psoriasis (23; 19.3%), and leprosy (17; 14.3%). Optimization of therapy was done in 117 (44.2%) patients, initiation of new medication in 89 (33.6%), and continuation of therapy in 75 (28.3%) patients. An in-person review was advised in 46 (9.7%) sessions in 36 (13.6%) patients. Six (2.3%) patients were advised to have an urgent review.

Conclusion:

Teledermatology was an effective tool during the pandemic to extend hospital services. Optimization of therapy was the outcome in nearly half the sessions. This service can benefit patients from remote areas and geriatric population, especially with chronic dermatoses.
Dyspnea in Emergency Settings: Up-to-date Diagnosing and Management in the Emergency Department
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Angkasa Irwan Surya
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Dyspnea is a symptom of breathing discomfort sensations generally caused by the disorders of the cardiorespiratory system. Dyspnea is a sign of an emergency where the right treatment and decisions greatly affect the prognosis and mortality. This writing aims to give the latest description of dyspnea, mechanisms, and examination modalities to determine the diagnosis, and management to reduce mortality and worsening of patients in the emergency department.

Methods:

We searched for articles related to the topics discussed from PubMed’s database from 2013 to 2023 using keywords: Dyspnea and emergency department. We use Mendeley Reference Manager to organize the articles, citations, and references. In total, 57 articles are used as references in this article.

Results:

Dyspnea is a subjective symptom of breathing difficulty reported by the patient. The intensity of dyspnea might vary depending on the underlying condition and results from interactions between many physiological, social, and environmental elements. Cardiovascular or respiratory diseases are the main causes of discomfort. Anamnesis, physical examination, complete blood count, biomarkers, and chest X-rays can help determine the underlying disease. If the examination results are not supportive, computed tomography scan, lung ultrasonography, and echocardiography can help to make the diagnosis. Not all hospital emergency departments have specialists who can immediately carry out these examinations so understanding and making the right decision by the attending physician is needed to provide the best for the patient.
Methods and Implications of Addressing Missing Data in Health-care Research
Authors: Agiwal Varun , Chaudhuri Sirshendu
Published: January 2024

Missing data can introduce biases and affect the generalizability of research findings, undermining the scientific rigor of studies and impeding the development of evidence-based practices. To overcome these challenges, health-care providers and researchers must adopt robust strategies to identify, prevent, and handle missing data effectively. This includes implementing standardized data collection procedures, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to account for missingness, and embracing emerging technologies that facilitate comprehensive and timely data capture. By prioritizing the management of missing data, health-care professionals and researchers can enhance patient care, improve research quality, and ultimately contribute to better health outcomes for individuals and populations.
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction Measured as Reduced Heart Rate Variability, in the Intermediate Post-Covid State in Men
Authors: Senthamizselvan R. , Tharion Elizabeth , George Krupa , Zachariah Anand , Rani Jansi , Rebekah Grace , Christudoss Pamela
Published: January 2024

Background:

A critical illness such as severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) activates autonomic, endocrine, and emotional stress responses. Whether the manifestations of excessive stress experience persist beyond full recovery into the intermediate post-COVID period (3–6 months after recovery) is not known and was the question we addressed in the current study.

Methods:

An analytical observational cross-sectional study compared the heart rate variability (HRV), 8 AM serum cortisol concentration, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) scores between COVID-19 recovered participants and their age-matched control subjects (21 male participants, 30–70 years of age, in each group).

Results:

The median (Q1–Q3) of low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total powers of HRV was significantly reduced in those who recovered from severe COVID-19, compared to control subjects (respectively LF power: 410.871 [245.10–861.94], 947.57 [536.11–1778.55], P = 0.011; HF power: 192.916 [87.66–564.43], 705.18 [248.67–1192.19] P = 0.013; Total power: 646.33 [308.72–1518.28], 1613.33 [956.14–4022.55] P = 0.015, Mann–Whitney U-test). Serum cortisol and DASS-21 scores were not different from the control group.

Conclusions:

Impaired cardiac autonomic function, evidenced by reduced HRV, was observed in the intermediate period following recovery from severe COVID-19. However, psychological stress and elevated serum cortisol were not noted. Our result that exposes the effect of COVID-19 on cardiac autonomic responsiveness is important as diminished HRV increases the vulnerability of COVID-19 survivors to diseases. These findings may also suggest a focus of therapy in them, as specific interventions are known to improve HRV and cardiac autonomic functioning.
A Rare Clinical Scenario of Hypothyroid-induced Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Marupudi Chaitanya Siva , Pamidimukkala Vijaya , Behera Usha Kiran , Yakkala Viswa Jyothi , Bolimera Venkata Sudheer , Polavarapu Naren , Gangasani Sirichandana
Published: January 2024

Muscle involvement is common in hypothyroidism and is seen in nearly 80% of the cases. However, rhabdomyolysis is a rare manifestation and is usually triggered by precipitating factors such as exercise, statins, and toxins. We describe the case of a 58-year-old woman with de novo hypothyroidism presenting with severe rhabdomyolysis requiring hemodialysis. A 58-year-old diabetic and hypertensive female was presented at our tertiary care center with symptoms of generalized weakness, difficulty in walking, and decreased urine output. Her blood investigations showed elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK), renal parameters, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels suggestive of autoimmune thyroiditis with rhabdomyolysis. She was treated with thyroid hormone supplementation and hemodialysis. The patient recovered gradually with normalization of renal parameters. Although muscle involvement is common in hypothyroidism, rhabdomyolysis is a rare manifestation. Diagnosis is established by demonstrating elevated CPK and TSH levels. Management consists of hydration and thyroid hormone supplementation. Hemodialysis is required in severe cases with established acute kidney injury.
Metastatic Histiocytic Sarcoma with Secondary Involvement of the Skin: A Case Report
Authors: Seo Hyun-Min , Park Ji Hun , Song Seon Young , Oh Se Uk , Park Se Kwang , Han Sung Soo , Kim Joung Soo
Published: January 2024

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant neoplasm of presumed hematopoietic origin, showing morphologic and immunophenotypic evidence of histiocytic differentiation. A 61-year-old woman presented with an abdominal mass. She had a history of HS in both adrenal glands. The tumour cells of the left adrenal gland were very large epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large, round-to-oval nuclei. Similarly, the cutaneous lesion of the skin was composed of polygonal cells with well-defined cell borders and high nuclear/cytoplasm (N/C) ratios. Immunohistochemically, both tumours were positive for histiocyte-associated antigens but negative for epithelial, melanocyte, lymphoid, dendritic, and Langerhansl nuclei. Similarly, the cutaneous lesion of the skin was composenose correctly. It is important to recognise the morphological features and immunohistochemical characteristics of metastatic cells in order to achieve accurate diagnoses.
Monkeypox (Mpox): Evolution of Transmission and Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dudani Pankhuri , Sharma Ananya , Tammineni Morini S. , Gupta Somesh
Published: January 2024

The human monkeypox (mpox) virus is an orthopox virus that can be transmitted to humans. Though the disease has been endemic in Africa, the recent mpox outbreak since May 2022. We attempted to examine differences between the endemic form of mpox and the current outbreak. Review of electronic medical database with relevant keywords. The current outbreak of mpox has disproportionately impacted the gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) community. This is also the first time that widespread semen testing has turned up evidence of mpox viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Cases in the present outbreak are more likely to affect adults, involve the genitalia, and have no prodrome. Close diagnostic differentials include varicella and hand-foot-mouth disease. The disease is usually self-limiting; though secondary infections, anorectal pain, pharyngitis, ocular lesions and rarely, renal injury and myocarditis may occur. This review focuses primarily on the novel clinical characteristics and emerging sexual transmission route of the mpox virus, which, although unconfirmed, appears extremely likely as the route of spread. Dermatologists have an important role in this health emergency, as early diagnosis can cause a significant reduction in disease transmission.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress by Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides: A Prospective Double-Centre Study
Authors: Erduran Funda , Adışen Esra , Soyugür Ahmet , Eren Funda , Neşelioğlu Salim , Erel Özcan
Published: January 2024

Background:

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with unknown etiopathogenesis. Oxidant and antioxidant balance is important for cell function and normal metabolism. An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress. A recent focus has been on thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a novel marker of oxidative stress.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in MF by analysing thiol/disulphide homeostasis.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 103 patients (48 female, 55 male) and a control group of 120 healthy individuals (48 female, 72 male) from two tertiary care hospitals were included in our study. Serum native thiol, total thiol and disulphide levels were evaluated using novel method developed by Erel and Neeliolu.

Results:

Native thiol levels were 340.30 ± 87.44 in the patient group and 401.62 ± 69.45 in the control group. Total thiol value was 374.17 ± 87.78 in the patient group and 428.54 ± 70.05 in the control group. Native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The disulphide value was 16.93 ± 6.46 in the patient group and 13.46 ± 5.06 in the control group. Disulphide levels were found to be significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

In our study, thiol/disulphide balance shifted towards disulphide which indicates the presence of oxidative stress especially in the early stage while 93.2% of our patients had early-stage MF. We think that this may have pathogenetic and prognostic significance.
Comparison of Serum Levels of Interleukin 17 and Interleukin 9 in Leprosy Patients with and without Lepra Reaction: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study from Central India
Authors: Choudhary Ritul , Chhabra Namrata , Patel Suprava
Published: January 2024

New pathways of host defence have emerged in leprosy, such as T helper (Th) -17, Th-9, T regulatory cells, and other factors like transforming growth factor-beta, etc. Interleukin (IL) 17 produced by Th17 cells has been found to be elevated in lepra reaction, especially type 2 lepra reaction (T2R). Role of IL-9 has not been studied widely in leprosy reactions so far. The study aimed to compare serum levels of IL-17 and IL-9 in leprosy patients with and without lepra reaction. This was a cross-sectional analytical study including untreated adult leprosy patients with and without lepra reaction. A total of 65 patients were included in the study with 30 leprosy patients without reaction and 35 with lepra reaction. Serum levels of IL-17 and IL-9 were measured in these patients using direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were compared. Borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy with type 1 and Lepromatous (LL) leprosy with T2R patients showed significantly higher levels of IL-17 than BT and LL leprosy patients without lepra reaction, respectively. LL patients with T2R showed significantly lower levels of IL-9 than lepromatous cases without reaction. IL-9 levels were higher in BT patients with T1R as compared to BT patients without reaction but the difference was not significant. We found evidence in support of role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of T2R, which might serve as useful serum markers for the same. IL-17 might have a role in BT leprosy with T1R. IL-9 seems to have a protective role in T2R as opposed to IL-17, working in synergism with Th1 cytokines.
Association Between Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization and Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sangaphunchai Phoomphut , Kritsanaviparkporn Chawan , Treesirichod Arucha
Published: January 2024

Background:

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition common in early childhood. Acute exacerbation is frequently associated with Staphylococcus aureus colonization.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims to explore the relationship between S. aureus skin and nasal colonization with pediatric atopic dermatitis.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by comparing atopic dermatitis patients aged ≤18 years and nondiseased controls. A random-effects model was used to obtain the pooled prevalence and odds ratio of S. aureus colonization at eczematous skin, nonlesional skin, and nasal cavity. Subgroup analyses for colonization with methicillin-resistant S. aureus were also evaluated.

Results:

A total of 2,670 cases and 1,224 controls from 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. S. aureus colonization at eczematous skin and nasal cavity is significantly higher in atopic dermatitis compared to control with odds ratios of 10.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 4.85-22.92, P < .001) and 2.38 (nasal cavity; 95% CI; 1.46-3.90, P < .001), respectively. The pooled prevalence of skin and nasal colonization were 55.0% (eczematous skin; 95% CI; 38.3-71.7), 23.3% (nonlesional skin; 95% CI; 12.6-33.9), and 56.3% (95% CI; 43.2-69.4), respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain was obtained from the nares and eczematous skin with rates of 11.6% (95% CI; 6.5-16.7) and 8.5% (95% CI; 4.3-12.8), respectively.

Conclusion:

Children with atopic dermatitis are more prone to skin and nasal colonization by S. aureus compared to nondiseased individuals.
An Institution Based Cross-Sectional Observational Aetiological Study Correlating the Clinico-Pathological Findings in Patients Presenting with Acquired Palmoplantar Keratoderma
Authors: Sen Indrayudh , Tarafdar Dhiman , Sarkar Somenath , Roy Sudipta , Das Nilay K. , Pal Madhusudan , Nasreen Shaguftah , Mukherjee Anirban , Ghosh Arghyaprasun
Published: January 2024

Background:

Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary or acquired disorders characterised by excessive epidermal thickening of the palms and soles. Proper knowledge about the aetiology of the disease and clinico-demographic profile helps in planning management and predicting outcomes.

Aims and Objective:

To determine the prevalence of different dermatoses and describe their clinico-histological correlation in acquired palmoplantar keratoderma.

Materials and Methods:

An institution-based cross-sectional study conducted after obtaining Ethics-Committee permission and consent from participants. Patients of any age or gender presenting with acquired PPK were recruited. The calculated sample size was 67 by using the prevalence rate (p) of 22.2%, allowable error (L) of 10%, the confidence level of 95% (z = 1.96), and an infinite population size of 20,000. Patients were evaluated by taking demographic and clinical data in a pre-designed case record form, necessary laboratory investigations and histopathological examination that wereevaluated by three blinded experts. The pooled data were analysed with statistical software.

Results:

Among the 67 participants, Psoriasis was diagnosed clinically in 39 (58.2%) and histologically in 7 (10.4%), Lichen planus (LP) clinically in 16 (23.9%) and histologically in 9 (13.4%), Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) in 8 (11.9%) patients clinically and 7 (10.4%) histologically and Hyperkeratotic eczema (HKE) in 4 (6%) clinically and 43 (64.2%) histopathologically. There was very poor inter-rater agreement (Kappa = 0.148, SE 0.0047, 95% CI 0.057 to 0.24). The clinico-pathological correlation was found to be agreeable in 17.9% Psoriasis, 56.2% LP and 87.5% PRP. HKE was commonly misdiagnosed as Psoriasis in 65.1% of patients.

Conclusion:

Hyperkeratotic lesions of the palm and sole often present with overlapping clinical features and a skin biopsy has to be done to aid in diagnosis.

Limitation:

Stratification of the clinical expertise of clinicians was done during the analysis.
Fresh Baked: An Overview of Newly FDA-Approved Drugs for Dermatological Usage
Authors: Sikder Bartika , Sil Abheek
Published: January 2024

With our better understanding of the pathogenesis of various diseases, more and more drugs and biological products are being tried and tested every day. Roughly, around 40–50 novel drugs get approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the general population, making it difficult for a physician to keep track of the constant changes in therapy. This article aimed to provide a compilation of all the FDA-approved new drugs for dermatological conditions and new dermatological indications of known drugs in the recent past, especially for dermatology residents and practising dermatologists. A comprehensive analysis, based on the list of new molecular entities approved by the FDA from 2020 to 2023, as well as a thorough English language literature search from 2020 to July 2023 across multiple databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Springer Nature, Google Scholar and Cochrane) for various keywords (alone and in combination) such as “FDA approved” OR “recent advances in therapy” OR “recent drugs” OR “novel treatment” OR “dermatology,” was performed. All data extracted were incorporated into the present compilation. A total of 33 drugs, including newly approved and newly approved indications of previously known drugs, were found. Relevant information about them has been discussed in a tabulated manner. This article provides an at a glance summarised profile of the newly FDA-approved drugs, as available in the existing literature. However, with the astonishing rate of new drugs hitting the market, more and more clinical trials are required to ensure the rational use of these agents.
Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis and Possible Biomarkers: Present and Future
Authors: Raimondo Annunziata , Serio Bianca , Lembo Serena
Published: January 2024

Oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD); it can damage keratinocytes, increase dermal inflammation, and reduce skin barrier function, the hallmarks of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis. Measuring oxidative stress is possible by identifying peripheral markers, which could have a predictive value of disease severity, disease progression and response to therapy, with a potentially significant impact on patient management. Our review explored this fascinating field of research, focusing on old and new possible biomarkers that may represent an effective tool to investigate the inflammatory-oxidative axis in AD, adding clinically important information to patient care.
‘Generalised Pruritus with Prurigo-Like Lesions and Generalised Lymphadenopathy: Could be an Early Diagnostic Clue for Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL) and/or Histoplasmosis’
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Batra Anmol , Budania Anil , Sharma Deepak , Elhence Poonam A
Published: January 2024

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an uncommon systemic lymphoproliferative disorder that comprises approximately one-fifth of all mature peripheral T-cell lymphomas. A broad range of cutaneous manifestations include maculopapular, papulovesicular, erythrodermic, urticarial, plaque-like and nodular, and they are mentioned in 50% of patients and may precede systemic symptoms, which include lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and constitutional symptoms. Histoplasmosis is a common granulomatous infection worldwide caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. Cutaneous manifestations are reported to occur in 10% to 25% of immunosuppressed patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. Generalised pruritus as a presenting feature is rarely described in both of these entities. We report a unique case of AITL with histoplasmosis discovered during paraclinical assessment of generalised pruritus (? neurodermatitis) with prurigo-like lesions and lymphadenopathy.
Ventricular mural thrombi – An occult occurrence?
Authors: Vaideeswar P , Srikant M
Published: January 2024

Background:

Ventricular mural thrombi are rare occurrences and form one of the common mechanical complications of myocardial infarctions. They also occur in patients with nonischemic myocardial disorders and even in those devoid of cardiac diseases. Clinical detection often depends on the size of the thrombi.

Aim:

This study was aimed at ascertaining the etiopathogenesis of mural thrombi with a clinicopathologic correlation.

Materials and Methods:

This was a 12-year retrospective observational study reviewing the autopsy records of all cases showing ventricular mural thrombi. The location, size, morphology, and histologic appearances of the thrombi were noted. The cases, depending on the etiology, were categorized into myocardial ischemic (Group 1), myocardial nonischemic (Group 2), and non-myocardial (Group 3) causes. These features were correlated with the clinical settings.

Results:

There were 93 cases of mural thrombi with an almost equal sex distribution and a mean age of 45.9 years. The cause was ischemic heart disease in most of the patients (Group 1, 46.2%), while 21.5% and 32.3% of patients belonged to Group 2 and Group 3, respectively. Unlike the large and dominantly left ventricular thrombi seen in Group 1, the other two groups frequently had biventricular involvement, location in the intertrabecular spaces, and a high microscopic detection. Clinical diagnosis had been made in only 3.2% of patients. Thromboembolism was noted in other organs in 34.4% of the total cases.

Conclusion:

Ventricular thrombi should be ruled out in patients with evidence of systemic and/or pulmonary thromboembolism, even in those without any cardiac disorders.
Sleep apnea in end-stage renal disease patients: Impact on cardiovascular and neurological outcomes
Authors: Acree L , Waller JL , Bollag WB , Healy WJ , Baer SL , Taskar V
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Sleep apnea (SA) is an important comorbidity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The association between SA and cardiac and neurological disease is known. This study investigates the relationship between SA and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in the ESRD population.

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort study, the United States Renal Data System was queried to identify ESRD patients aged 18–100 years in whom hemodialysis had been initiated between 2005 and 2013. Diagnoses of SA and clinical comorbidities were determined from International Classification of Disease-9 codes. Demographic variables were obtained from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Form-2728. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of SA with myocardial infarction (MI) or with stroke, controlling for demographic and clinical variables.

Results:

Of 858,131 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, 587 had central SA, and 22,724 had obstructive SA. The SA cohort was younger, more likely to be male and Caucasian compared to the non-SA cohort. Patients with SA also had more tobacco and alcohol use, hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes. Central SA (aRR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.28–2.23) and obstructive SA (aRR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09–1.21) were associated with an increased risk of stroke but not MI.

Conclusion:

In the ESRD population, a diagnosis of central SA or obstructive SA increased the risk of stroke, but not MI. Early identification and treatment of SA in the ESRD population may help reduce the risk of stroke in these patients.
Redefining informed consent form in cell and gene therapy trials
Authors: Dalal Varsha , Jotwani Geeta , Yadav Munna Lal
Published: January 2024

Informed consent is a foundation of the ethical conduct of research involving human participants. Based on the ethical principle of respect for persons, the goal of informed consent is to ensure that participants are aware of the risks and potential benefits and make a voluntary decision about participating in clinical trial research. The extraordinary scientific advances happening globally, have demonstrated the potential of regenerative therapies in transforming the health of the nation by providing a therapeutic option for diseases that were previously considered incurable. These therapies, which include cells and gene therapy (GT) labeled as Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products globally, have complex mechanisms of action. Owing to their highly personalized and intricate nature of these therapies, developing the latter often presents unique challenges above and beyond those encountered for small molecule drugs. We recently looked through some cell and GT clinical trials and realized the lacunae in the informed consent form (ICF) provided by the investigators. Especially in a country like India, where the general understanding and perception of patients is limited regarding clinical trials, it is felt that any lapses in the consent process may jeopardize the informed decision-making and safety of the participants and tarnish the reputation of India globally. The present article highlights the need for appropriate patient and public education on the various aspects of cell and gene therapies and aims to address all the elements of ICF in light of the challenges associated with these innovative therapies.
Refinements of Katz–Sarnak theory for the number of points on curves over finite fields
Authors: Bergström Jonas , Howe Everett W. , Lorenzo García Elisa , Ritzenthaler Christophe
Published: January 2024

This paper goes beyond Katz–Sarnak theory on the distribution of curves over finite fields according to their number of rational points, theoretically, experimentally, and conjecturally. In particular, we give a formula for the limits of the moments measuring the asymmetry of this distribution for (non-hyperelliptic) curves of genus

$g\geq 3$

. The experiments point to a stronger notion of convergence than the one provided by the Katz–Sarnak framework for all curves of genus

$\geq 3$

. However, for elliptic curves and for hyperelliptic curves of every genus, we prove that this stronger convergence cannot occur.
Описание полугрупп Гиббса
Authors: Zagrebnov Valentin Anatol'evich , Iochum Bruno
Published: January 2024

Предложено новое описание свойств полугрупп Гиббса, являющееся расширением аналогичного описания для компактных полугрупп.
Pszichológiai tanácsadás - online
Authors:   University of Arts Târgu Mureş, Bakk-Miklósi Kinga
Published: January 2024

The period of online education rewrote the teacher-student relationship, the teaching methods, content, tools, etc. of course, it also extended to online counseling, which, in addition to overcoming initial objections, proved to be extremely useful. This study is about the sharing of the most important experiences, it tries to answer how we used the online space and social media in psychological counseling as a helper.
Pentecost and the Mission of the Church Today (With Particular Reference to the Theology of Metropolitan John Zizioulas)
Authors:   Hellenic College Holy Cross, Greek Orthodox School of Theology, Brookline, Vasiljević Maksim
Published: January 2024

In the paper, the author critically examines the view of Metropolitan John (Zizioulas) of Pergamon on the issue of the mission of the Church in relation to the modern world and its challenges. Starting from the specific area, Western Europe, the author presents the views of the metropolitan on the question of the place of the Church as a reality of the relationship between the Orthodox tradition and Western Christianity. Within these frameworks, the author focuses on the event of Pentecost, as an event of ecclesial manifestation ad extra in relation to the world. The essential question of this part of the work is: what is, in fact, the mission, ethos or essential characteristic that the Church offers to the world, opening the perspective of the liturgical-relational identity of the Church by which every movement is measured. On those grounds, in the second part of the work, the author observes the mission of the Church in our time, presenting several parameters of the authentic relationship between the Church and the world. The last part of the work is dedicated to the dangers and challenges faced by the Church, where the author presents specific views and proposals of Metropolitan John Zizioulas.
Tax Policy: Impact on Business Development and Economic Dynamics of the Country
Authors: Sopronenkov Igor
Published: January 2024

"The optimal system, structure, and effectiveness of the tax system depend on many factors and are characterized by several differences depending on the country’s social and economic development. The purpose of the academic paper is to identify the features of the impact of the EU-27 countries’ tax policy on business development and economic dynamics to determine the differences in this correlation. Methodology. The statistical and regression analysis of the tax structure of the EU-27 countries is used in the scientific article to evaluate its correlation with economic dynamics for the period 2000-2022 based on the average values for the following periods: 2000-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2022. The results demonstrate a slowdown in economic growth in the EU-27 in the long run from 2000 to 2019 and economic growth in 2021 to 2022 with no significant changes in the tax structure. The dynamics of tax revenues were revealed to be stable, despite their different shares in GDP. In general, it is possible to assert a low level of correlation between the share of tax revenues in GDP and the annual GDP growth rate. The established regression model shows only a 9% change in GDP dynamics depending on the change in the share of tax revenues to the budgets of the EU-27 countries. The research has identified three groups of countries by the share of tax revenues, by the share of taxes on income, profit and capital gains, and by the share of taxes on goods and services in the EU-27."
Economic Consequences of Artificial Intelligence and Labor Automation: Employment Recovery, Transformation of Labor Markets, and Dynamics of Social Structure in the Context of Digital Transformation
Authors: Tokunova Anastasiia
Published: January 2024

"Globalization, industrialization, and digitalization have led to structural changes in the economy and labor markets, affecting their internationalization, flexibility, labor mobility, and the emergence of new forms of employment. The purpose of the academic paper is to identify the economic consequences of digital transformation and automation of labor markets on the example of the EU-27 countries for the period 2013-2022. The structural-functional analysis was used in the academic paper to characterize and systematically study the economic consequences of digitalization and automation in the labor markets of the EU-27 countries. The functioning of the labor market in various EU-27 countries in the context of digital transformation is characterized by a number of features. The EU-27 labor markets are characterized by rapid employment recovery, especially during the pandemic and economic downturn in 2020, and employment revival in 2021-2022."
The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Economy: Technological Innovation and Efficiency
Authors: Shostak Liudmyla
Published: January 2024

"The investigation into the evolution of the digital economy has yielded profound insights into its fundamental nature, the pivotal drivers guiding its advancement, and the trajectories characterizing the metamorphosis of economic operations within organizations. The outcomes of this inquiry are primed to underpin the effectiveness, calibre, and dependability of information-driven and analytical underpinnings, indispensable for informed managerial judgments geared towards nurturing the inventive potential inherent in the digital economy. Furthermore, these findings address the impediments that curtail seamless digital transformation. Among the preeminent findings engendering novelty in this research, the subsequent elements stand out: the formulation of a comprehensive framework for the delineation and taxonomy of economic activities within the digital economy domain, encompassing both a classification schema for economic pursuits intrinsic to the digital sector and another for economic endeavours facilitated by the integration of digital technologies. A comprehensive array of metrics has been systematically devised to assess the evolution of the digital economy. This framework encompasses indicators derived from information and communication technology (ICT) statistics, national economic accounts, fixed asset investments, and foreign trade, as well as indicators custom-developed in consonance with the proposed taxonomy of economic pursuits within the digital economy. This classification system comprises five distinct blocks, each comprising discrete sets of indicators: those about the ICT sector, the digital sector, organizational outlays on digital technologies, digital proficiency of the workforce, and a holistic gauge of the digital economy. An intricate methodology has been formulated to quantitatively evaluate the ICT sector’s state, progression, and competitive standing. This methodological construct encompasses algorithms for the computation of physical quantities of gross value added and fixed capital investment segregated by the nature of economic undertakings associated with the production of ICT goods and provisioning ICT services. Also included are computations for the index of fixed capital formation rate, alongside indicators appraising the extent of the economy’s engagement with international trade concerning diverse digital products."
Marketing Сommunication during the Crisis: Strategies for Customer Recovery and Retention
Authors: Dligach Andrii
Published: January 2024

"During an economic crisis, customers’ purchasing ability decreases, and company revenues become unpredictable. However, the crisis is not always a negative phenomenon and a profit decline but a chance to improve the company’s performance. Innovativeness, client orientation, customer retention, and close interaction with them are key to business development success. The article complemented the theoretical aspects of crisis management. It also substantiates the importance of strategic marketing and the formation of marketing strategies in crisis management. The authors highlighted the causes of customer outflow and the increasing importance of customer retention. The paper identified and substantiated the basic principles and methods of building an anti-crisis marketing strategy for customer recovery and retention. The authors indicated the main goal of the strategy, which is to increase profits and reduce the cost of attracting new customers. They also described the indicators for evaluating the customer retention process. The study analyzed the concepts, strategies, and tools for customer recovery, retention, and acquisition and identified their features. Their application in the practical activities of a company during a crisis period was grounded in overcoming crises and promoting successful company operations in the current and future periods."
The Strategic Role of the State in Stimulating and Supporting Economic Growth: Tools, Policies and Influence on the Modern Economic Paradigm
Authors: Kruhlov Vitalii
Published: January 2024

"The article examines issues related to the state’s role in economic growth stimulation in the context of the dynamics of global economic and technological development. Even though measures for state regulation of the economy are intended to create favourable conditions for accelerating economic growth, this process is closely related to numerous factors that can have both positive and negative effects on the results of stimulating and supporting economic growth. Also, the article touches on international models in the field of government regulation of the national economy, examines their main features, as well attempts to outline the peculiarities and uniqueness of economic development and the government’s role in the economy in the era of information society."
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WILDLIFE TO PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOODS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: ZVIKONYAUKWA Jesse , MUSENGI Kudakwashe , MUDZENGI Clarice
Published: January 2024

Wildlife has the potential to support people’s livelihoods and economic development in many African countries. The objective of the review was to evaluate the potential contribution of wildlife to people’s livelihoods and economic development in Africa. Several databases were searched to identify articles that have explored the contributions of wildlife to people’s livelihoods and economic development. The results indicate that wildlife contributes both consumptive and non-consumptive resources towards people’s livelihoods, with bush meat being the greatest consumptive contribution and employment the greatest non-consumptive contribution. Revenue collected from tourists, trophy hunting, and game viewing have been used for infrastructure and rural development. However, wildlife has declined in many African countries due to land redistribution, drought, habitat fragmentation, human population growth, and illegal hunting. Setting up law enforcement agents and creating community-based wildlife management could restore the benefits of wildlife.
Producción de sábila ecológica para la Guajira venezolana
Authors: Valero Nilca Albany , Vilchez-Perozo orge
Published: January 2024

La Guajira venezolana es una región con grandes oportunidades de desarrollo agrícola; es por esto que se propone en esta zona el establecimiento del cultivo de sábila ecológica u orgánica como una vía para la producción de materias primas dirigidas a la industria cosmetológica, farmacológica y nutracéutica, con lo cual se estaría contribuyendo al desarrollo de la región.