bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Health in the Lusophone Libertarian Movement: Portugal and Mozambique, 1910–1935
Authors: Cleminson Richard
Published: March 2024

Significant advances in the study of the historic labor movement have entailed new work on the intersection between political parties, trade unions and subjects such as ‘race’, colonialism, sexuality, masculinity, and the reception of scientific ideas. The intersections between the labor movement and the politics of health, however, have been neglected to date both in labor studies and in social studies of health care and provision. This article builds on my on-going research into the dynamics of the Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) labor movement in the form of anarchism and syndicalism and explores, specifically, the reception of ideas on health and the attainment of healthy working conditions and lifestyles as a central aim of these working-class movements. This study examines, among other aspects, the reception of ideas on nutrition, medical care, the provision of hospitals, the responsibility of medical professionals, sexual health, the consumption of alcohol and the provision of quality housing for workers within a framework that critiqued capitalism and the state and the relations they fostered.

A further dimension is incorporated into this study. This is the colonial dynamic at play between Portugal and its colonies, in this case Mozambique. What were the relations between the Portuguese syndicalist movement and the emerging trade union movement in Mozambique? To what degree did concerns in Portugal over issues of health find resonance in this African colony's labor movement? To what degree was the largely white labor movement in Mozambique attuned to local knowledge on health and racial issues surrounding health? What specific aspects of health and medicine were broached in the colony and how did these interact with an anticolonial critique and discourses and practices of ‘tropical medicine’?

This study, through a detailed analysis of a range of libertarian periodicals in Portugal and Mozambique during the movement’s period of maximum influence provides responses to these questions and makes a contribution to transnational research on labour movements through the interconnecting linguistic and class dynamics of the Lusophone world.
Civic Republicanism, Liberty, and Police: The Roots of Modern English Policing
Authors: ROBERT DALEIDEN J.
Published: March 2024

Modern English policing arose from crime, laws, and demands for social order, but this perspective further introduces matters of philosophy that ties political liberty to political economy as being less recognized but equally powerful contributors. Shown here is how civic republican political economy (1600–1750) policing lost favor to laissez-faire utilitarian preferences (1750–1829) and helped produce more civic democratic policing. Through this perspective, it shows that Sir Robert Peel’s 1829 police were really centuries in the making.
Unmet and unperceived needs for type 2 diabetes self-management among slum dwellers in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghammari Fawzieh , Jalilian Habib , Gholizadeh Masumeh
Published: March 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to identify unmet and unperceived needs for T2D self-management among those residing in Tabriz slums, Iran, in 2022.

Background:

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications are more common among slum dwellers. T2D is a lifelong disease that requires continuous care. By contrast, slum dwellers are less likely to adhere to standard health care.

Methods:

This study is cross-sectional. We included 400 patients using a systematic random sampling method. Unmet and unperceived needs were assessed through a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on Iran’s Package of Essential Non-Communicable Diseases (IraPEN) instructions and an expert panel. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Findings:

Need for more healthcare cost coverage by insurance organizations (85.5%), financial support to provide medicine (68%), free and accessible sports equipment in the area (48.5%), continuous access to blood sugar test instruments (47.8%), know how to test blood sugar and interpret the results (47.7%), more communication with healthcare providers (42.3%), and detailed education from health professionals (41.2%) were the most common unmet needs. The least perceived need was to know how to care for feet (16%).
Development of the pediatric family-based dignity therapy protocol for terminally ill children (ages 7–18) and their families: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Lin Junyi , Guo Qiaohong , Zhou Xuan , Li Huijun , Cai Siyu
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Dignity therapy (DT) is well-established in adults, and it might potentially benefit the younger population. This study aims to develop a pediatric family-based dignity therapy (P-FBDT) protocol for terminally ill children and their families.

Methods

A parallel mixed-methods design was used. The P-FBDT protocol was developed based on the adult DT, and meanwhile by taking children-specific dignity characteristics and Chinese family-oriented culture into consideration. The protocol was then evaluated and modified based on the quantitative and qualitative feedback from 2-round surveys of 14 pediatric oncology or pediatric palliative care experts.

Results

The P-FBDT involves terminally ill children and their families in meaningful interactions including a series of conversations and creative activities, which will be recorded and then edited into a document-based generativity entity. The P-FBDT protocol was recognized as highly reasonable and the P-FBDT interview guide was endorsed as important, acceptable, clear, comprehensive, and suitable to be used in pediatric palliative care practice in Chinese culture (>90%). Potential benefits, possible challenges, and practical considerations of the P-FBDT were also proposed.

Significance of results

The P-FBDT was perceived to be potentially beneficial to terminally ill children and their families by engaging in a series of meaningful family interactions and creating a lasting memento to be preserved. The protocol needs to be pilot tested among terminally ill children and families for feasibility and potential efficacy in practice.
In-hospital psychoeducation for family caregivers of Nigerian children with cancer (The RESCUE Study)
Authors: Onyeka Tonia Chinyelu , Emodi Ifeoma , Mohammed Alhassan Datti , Ofakunrin Akinyemi Olugbenga , Alabi Adewumi , Onu Justus Uchenna , Iloanusi Nneka , Ohaeri Jude , Anarado Agnes , Umar Musa Usman , Olukiran Gbenro , Sowunmi Anthonia , Akinsete Adeseye , Adegboyega Bolanle , Chibuzo Ijeoma Nkemdilim , Fatiregun Olamijulo , Abdullah Shehu Umar , Gambo Mahmoud Jahun , Mohammad Mohammad Aminu , Babandi Fawaz , Bok Mary , Asufi Joyce , Ungut Patience Kanhu , Shehu Maryam , Abdullahi Saleh , Allsop Matthew , Shambe Iornum , Ugwu Innocent , Ikenga Samuel , Balagadde Kambugu Joyce , Namisango Eve
Published: March 2024

Objectives

High levels of caregiver burden (CB) are experienced by informal caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer. There is increasing evidence highlighting the extent of CB across sub-Saharan African countries, although there remains lack of interventions that target improvements in their experience. This study aimed to determine the impact of a structured psychoeducation program on caregivers’ outcomes relating to preparedness to provide care, burden of caregiving, and quality of life (QoL).

Methods

This quasi-experimental (pre-and-posttest) design, involved family caregivers of children on admission for cancer treatment in 4 Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Eligible participants received 2 structured, psychoeducational training sessions delivered by a multidisciplinary oncology team, focusing on the management of patients’ condition, spiritual care, self-care, and support.

Results

Subjects were mainly female (79.5%) and mostly mothers to children undergoing cancer treatment (74.7%). Commonest cancer type was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (23.9%) with evidence of metastatic disease found in 9.6% of children. Significant improvements were observed between pre- and posttest for unmet needs (z = −9.3; p < 0.001), preparedness for caregiving in palliative care (PCPC) (z = −7.0; p < 0.001), and overall QoL (z = −7.3; p < 0.001). A significant reduction in CB was also reported (z = −8.7; p < 0.001).

Significance of results

This psychoeducational intervention (PEI) resulted in significant improvements in unmet needs, CB and significant improvements in PCPC. However, a reduction in QoL of the family caregivers was also observed. Findings from this study should encourage the use of well-crafted PEIs, delivered within hospital settings to promote improvements in outcomes for informal caregivers of hospitalized children suffering from cancer, in an African context. Further intervention development is required to better understand intervention components influencing changes in outcomes, while exploring feasibility testing and adaptation to similar settings in Nigeria and within Africa.
Turning points in leadership: Ship size in the Portuguese and Dutch merchant empires
Authors: Rei Claudia
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the implications of organizational control on the race for technological leadership in merchant empires. I provide an illustrative framework in which poor organizations have reduced incentives to invest, which in turn stifle technology improvements making leaders lag new entrants. In the late sixteenth century, Portugal’s large ships carried more merchandise and were more fitting of the monarch’s grandiose preferences, but they also were more prone to disaster. The merchant-controlled Dutch East India Company however, invested in smaller but more seaworthy vessels conducting more voyages at a much lower loss rate. The surviving historical evidence shows Portugal relying on large ships well into the seventeenth century suggesting her technological edge was gone by the time the Dutch dominated the Indian Ocean.
Working Too Hard or Not Hard Enough?
Authors: Seta Catherine E. , Seta John J.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Does working hard take the sting out of regret following failure or does working hard increase feelings of regret? The present research finds that neither of these views is correct. Rather, the results of both experiments found that regret was an interactive function of instrumental effort and goal value. In support of the consistency-fit model, large versus small amounts of effort produced more regret on a low-valued task, whereas small amounts of effort produced more regret on a high-valued task. Furthermore, supporting the consistency-fit model, receiving an undesirable outcome did not always produce more regret on the high- than low-valued task. We discussed several perspectives including attribution, achievement motivation, and cognitive dissonance.
Advancements in Individual Tree Detection and Forest Structural Attributes Estimation From LiDAR Data: MSITD and SAFER Approaches
Authors: Fallah Mohammad , Aghighi Hossein , Matkan Aliakbar
Published: March 2024

Currently, the information on the structural attributes of forests, such as the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (AGB), is being used widely in various disciplines. In this study, we first proposed a novel tree detection algorithm called multi‐scale individual tree detection (MSITD) algorithm, which combines the strengths of raster‐based and point‐based approaches in order to detect individual trees from LiDAR data accurately. After tree detection, the DBH and AGB attributes were estimated using the ground control data and metrics extracted from LiDAR data, adopting the safe semi‐supervised regression (SAFER) algorithm specifically designed for addressing regression problems with limited sample data. The performances of these algorithms were evaluated within a 10‐fold nested cross‐validation approach, utilizing the LiDAR data available in the NEWFOR project. The evaluation of the obtained results revealed that both the MSITD algorithm and the SAFER algorithm demonstrate substantial superiority compared to the benchmark algorithms in tree detection, especially for the understory trees, and forest structural attributes estimation, respectively. On average, the MSITD algorithm exhibited a 13% better performance in terms of extraction rate and an 11% better performance in terms of matching rate compared to the benchmark individual tree detection algorithms. For forest structural attributes estimation, the SAFER algorithm provided superior predictions compared to the benchmark ML algorithms, with the average RMSE of 3.38 cm, MAE of 2.84 cm, and R2 of 0.59 for DBH and the average RMSE of 75.79 kg, MAE of 70.02 kg, and R2 of 0.56 for AGB.
Temperature‐Dependence Assumptions Drive Projected Responses of Diverse Size‐Based Food Webs to Warming
Authors: Reum J. C. P. , Woodworth‐Jefcoats P. , Novaglio C. , Forestier R. , Audzijonyte A. , Gårdmark A. , Lindmark M. , Blanchard J. L.
Published: March 2024

Food web projections are critical for evaluating potential risks to ecosystems and fisheries under global warming. The temperature dependence of biological processes and regional differences in food web structure are two important sources of uncertainty and variation in climate forced projections of fish communities, but we do not know their magnitude or relative contribution. Here we systematically evaluated a range of different assumptions about temperature‐dependence on rates, including size‐dependent effects, controlling food intake, metabolism, and non‐predation mortality in fishes using species‐resolved size spectrum food web models that link individual‐level physiological processes to population and community dynamics. We simulated the physiological effect of warming in a range of size‐structured food web models calibrated to different marine ecosystems and in simplified trait‐based models. Higher food intake in warmed conditions increased total fish biomass, catches, and mean body weight, but these effects were offset by the negative effects of warming on metabolism and mortality, which combined resulted in lower total biomasses and catches for most food webs. These effects were enhanced when warming increased metabolic rates more than food intake, and the outcomes were also sensitive to size dependency of temperature responses. Importantly, these general patterns were not uniform across all food webs—individual functional groups and fish species within food webs responded to warming in different ways depending on their position in the food web and its structure. Hence, caution is warranted when generalizing food web or species outcomes to warming because they are mediated by community interactions. Uncertainty related to temperature dependence and ecological interactions will impact food web projections and should be represented in climate change projections.
On the Inner‐Core Differential‐Rotation (Un)Resolvability From Earthquake Doublets: The Traps of Data Selection
Authors: Tkalčić Hrvoje
Published: March 2024

The phenomenon of differential rotation of the Earth's inner core relative to the mantle is a subject of interest in geodynamo modeling that has been validated by seismological observations, mainly via the earthquake‐doublets method. Although recent studies converge on the time‐varying differential rotation of the inner core relative to the mantle, favoring a decadal variation, the inferred models significantly differ. Here, considering the data selection, the observed data structure, and the subjective model parameterizations, which we avoid by employing a Bayesian transdimensional approach, we show that the recent best‐fit model by Yang and Song (2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561‐022‐01112‐z) featuring the 70‐year decadal variation is not obtained when all available data are considered. Namely, including only a small number of discarded earthquake doublets (<10%) changes the period of the inner‐core differential rotation fluctuation to 20–30 years. More earthquake‐doublet data are required to address the non‐uniqueness of the inversion problem.
Generalizing Tree–Level Sap Flow Across the European Continent
Authors: Loritz Ralf , Wu Chen Huan , Klotz Daniel , Gauch Martin , Kratzert Frederik , Bassiouni Maoya
Published: March 2024

Sap flow offers key insights about transpiration dynamics and forest‐climate interactions. Accurately simulating sap flow remains challenging due to measurement uncertainties and interactions between global and local environmental controls. Addressing these complexities, this study leveraged Long Short‐Term Memory networks (LSTMs) with SAPFLUXNET to predict hourly tree‐level sap flow across Europe. We built models with diverse training sets to assess performance under previously unseen conditions. The average Kling‐Gupta Efficiency was 0.77 for models trained on 50% of time series across all forest stands, and 0.52 for models trained on 50% of the forest stands. Continental models not only matched but surpassed the performance of specialized and baselines for all genera and forest types, showcasing the capacity of LSTMs to effectively generalize across tree genera, climates, and forest ecosystems given minimal inputs. This study underscores the potential of LSTMs in generalizing state‐dependent ecohydrological processes and bridging tree level measurements to continental scales.
Broadband Love Wave Phase Velocity Maps Based on Modified Double‐Beamforming of Ambient Noise Cross‐Correlations
Authors: Zhao Kaifeng , Yang Yingjie , Luo Yinhe
Published: March 2024

Ambient noise tomography has become a popular method in the past two decades to image the crust and uppermost mantle structure. To date, broadband Rayleigh wave signals can be obtained from ambient noise, which can be utilized to study the earth's interior structure from the surface down to ∼200–300 km depths. However, it is hard to extract intermediate‐ and long‐period (>50 s) Love wave signals from ambient noise using conventional data processing techniques for ambient noise. Array‐based data processing techniques can enhance weak signals. In this study, we adopt a modified algorithm of the double‐beamforming method to extract broadband Love wave signals from ambient noise. We validate the accuracy of the dispersion curves measured from our method by comparing them to those measured from the conventional method. Then, we use a finite frequency ambient noise tomography method to construct broadband Love wave phase velocity maps across the contiguous USA. These phase velocity maps are consistent with those obtained from conventional methods at short periods (<40 s). Finally, we analyze the resolution of our double‐beamforming method based on checkerboard tests and find that the resolution of phase velocity maps based on our method is close to the aperture of the subarrays used in our double‐beamforming method.
Nonlinear Formulation of Multicomponent Reactive Transport With Species‐Specific Dispersion Properties
Authors: Pérez‐Illanes Rodrigo , Saaltink Maarten W. , Fernàndez‐Garcia Daniel
Published: March 2024

The modeling of reactive transport through porous media is a challenging numerical problem. Methods of solution have leveraged the stoichiometry of chemical reactions to address the transport of multiple aqueous species by expressing them in terms of an equivalent, linearly independent variable (component). This approach effectively decouples advection‐dispersion transport from the source terms associated with equilibrium reactions. A common assumption found in the literature is that all species disperse with the same transport coefficients. Recent experimental studies have discussed that this is not necessarily the case, particularly for transverse mixing, which is limited by the species‐specific molecular diffusion. This article presents a formulation of multicomponent reactive transport that takes into account the differences in dispersion coefficients. These differences lead to a nonlinear transport equation for the components, from where an expression for evaluating reaction rates is derived. It is demonstrated that this expression simplifies to the well‐known equations assuming the same dispersion for all species. Numerical simulations of a binary chemical system under diffusion‐ and advection‐dominated transport conditions are used to evaluate the influence that differential transport coefficients have upon the output of chemical reactions. Results indicate that differences in transport coefficients are particularly relevant when the chemical signature of the input solutions is not strongly dominated by one of the species in the component. Unexpectedly, this opens the possibility to mineral dissolution coexisting with precipitation during the mixing of two waters in equilibrium. This phenomenon can be explained by nonlinear mixing processes proportional to the differences in transport coefficients.
Linc00707 regulates autophagy and promotes the progression of triple negative breast cancer by activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Li Hongli , Liu Qinghua , Hu Yaqiong , Yin Chonggao , Zhang Yunxiang , Gao Peng
Published: March 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a pathological subtype of breast cancer (BC) with high malignancy, strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) plays an important role during tumorigenesis. We identified that Linc00707 was upregulated in TNBC tissues by TCGA database and RT-qPCR assay, compared with normal breast tissues and other subtypes of BC. Linc00707 promoted TNBC cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of Linc00707 influenced autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in TNBC cells. Linc00707 affected the progress of TNBC cells through affecting autophagy. Further mechanistic experiments confirmed that Linc00707 could competitively bind with miR-423-5p to up-regulate MARCH2 expression, ultimately promoting TNBC progression and autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Linc00707 is a key molecule in tumor progression and may be an effective target for patients with TNBC.
Genomes in clinical care
Authors: Riess Olaf , Sturm Marc , Menden Benita , Liebmann Alexandra , Demidov German , Witt Dennis , Casadei Nicolas , Admard Jakob , Schütz Leon , Ossowski Stephan , Taylor Stacie , Schaffer Sven , Schroeder Christopher , Dufke Andreas , Haack Tobias
Published: March 2024

In the era of precision medicine, genome sequencing (GS) has become more affordable and the importance of genomics and multi-omics in clinical care is increasingly being recognized. However, how to scale and effectively implement GS on an institutional level remains a challenge for many. Here, we present Genome First and Ge-Med, two clinical implementation studies focused on identifying the key pillars and processes that are required to make routine GS and predictive genomics a reality in the clinical setting. We describe our experience and lessons learned for a variety of topics including test logistics, patient care processes, data reporting, and infrastructure. Our model of providing clinical care and comprehensive genomic analysis from a single source may be used by other centers with a similar structure to facilitate the implementation of omics-based personalized health concepts in medicine.
Repositioned versus exchanged flanged intraocular lens fixation for intraocular lens dislocation
Authors: Kang Yong Koo , Park Dong Ho , Ryu Gahyung , Kim Hong Kyun , Kim Dong Hyun , Do Jae Rock
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of flanged intraocular lens (IOL) fixation with new IOL exchange after dislocated IOL removal and repositioned dislocated IOL in patients with IOL dislocation. Eighty-nine eyes that underwent flanged IOL fixation were retrospectively included, with 51 eyes in the exchanged IOL group and 38 eyes in the repositioned IOL group. In both groups, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and did not differ between the two groups at any of these time points. However, at 1 week postoperatively, BCVA in the repositioned IOL group improved compared with baseline, whereas that in the exchanged IOL group did not. Moreover, there were lesser changes in the corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and corneal astigmatism in the repositioned IOL group than in the exchanged IOL group. The IOL positions, including IOL tilt and IOL decentration, were not different between the groups. Flanged IOL fixation with new IOL exchange and with repositioned dislocated IOL for patients with IOL dislocation had similar visual outcomes and IOL position. However, the latter had a smaller corneal ECD decrease and astigmatic change. This technique was effective in treating IOL dislocation while minimizing corneal injury.
Characterizing imaging radiation risk in a population of 8918 patients with recurrent imaging for a better effective dose
Authors: Ria Francesco , Rehani Madan M. , Samei Ehsan
Published: March 2024

An updated extension of effective dose was recently introduced, namely relative effective dose ($${E}_{r}$$

E
r

), incorporating age and sex factors. In this study we extended $${E}_{r}$$

E
r

application to a population of about 9000 patients who underwent multiple CT imaging exams, and we compared it with other commonly used radiation protection metrics in terms of their correlation with radiation risk. Using Monte Carlo methods, $${E}_{r}$$

E
r

, dose-length-product based effective dose ($${E}_{DLP}$$

E

DLP

), organ-dose based effective dose ($${E}_{OD}$$

E

OD

), and organ-dose based risk index ($${\text{RI}}$$
RI
) were calculated for each patient. Each metric’s dependency to $${\text{RI}}$$
RI
was assessed in terms of its sensitivity and specificity. $${E}_{r}$$

E
r

showed the best sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with $${\text{RI}}$$
RI
(R2 = 0.97); while $${E}_{DLP}$$

E

DLP

yielded the lowest specificity and, along with $${E}_{OD}$$

E

OD

, the lowest sensitivity. Compared to other metrics, $${E}_{r}$$

E
r

provided a closer representation of patient and group risk also incorporating age and sex factors within the established framework of effective dose.
Burden of alcohol and other substance use and correlates among undergraduate students at Busitema University in rural Eastern Uganda after COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Kirabira Joseph , Kagoya Enid Kawala , Mpagi Joseph , Atala Christine Etoko , Ndamanywa Kalisiti , Okibure Ambrose , Kibuuka Ronald , Katongole Fauz , Wandabwa Julius
Published: March 2024

Use of alcohol and other substances remains a major health concern among higher learning institutions. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of alcohol and other substance use among students at Busitema University in Eastern Uganda. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 658 undergraduate students using a questionnaire consisting of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Tool and participant sociodemographic and clinical factors. Logistic regression was used to explore the associations. Two hundred sixty-five (40.3%) students reported ever using alcohol and 158 (24.0%) had used in last 3 months. Seventy-four (11.2%) students reported ever use of other substances including tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants sedatives and hallucinogens and 36 (5.5%) had used within the recent 3 months. After controlling for potential confounders, recent alcohol use was associated with engaging in romantic relationship (odd ratio (OR) = 1.9, P value (P) = 0.045) while having chronic medical conditions was protective (OR = 0.3, P = 0.031). On the other hand, recent use of other substances was 7 times higher among males (OR = 7.0, P = 0.008) compared to females while fourth year of study was protective (OR = 0.05, P = 0.011). Although alcohol use is a worsening challenge among university students, use of other substances is also highly prevalent after COVID-19 lockdown. There is need for universities to identify students with above factors and design interventions to address them in order to prevent the likely undesirable outcomes of alcohol and substance use.
Genomic diversity of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus in Japan reveals the complex genomic basis of azole resistance
Authors: He Xiaohui , Kusuya Yoko , Hagiwara Daisuke , Toyotome Takahito , Arai Teppei , Bian Cai , Nagayama Masaki , Shibata Saho , Watanabe Akira , Takahashi Hiroki
Published: March 2024

Aspergillus fumigatusis a pathogenic fungus with a global distribution. The emergence of azole-resistantA. fumigatus(ARAf) other than the TR-mutants is a problem in Japan. Additionally, the genetic diversity ofA. fumigatusstrains in Japan remains relatively unknown. Here we show the diversity in theA. fumigatusstrains isolated in Japan as well as the complexity in the global distribution of the pathogenic strains. First, we analyzed the genome sequences of 171 strains from Japan as well as the antifungal susceptibility of these strains. Next, we conducted a population analysis of 876 strains by combining the available genomic data for strains isolated worldwide, which were grouped in six clusters. Finally, a genome-wide association study identified the genomic loci associated with ARAfstrains, but not the TR-mutants. These results highlight the complexity of the genomic mechanism underlying the emergence of ARAfstrains other than the TR-mutants.
Peculiar magnetotransport properties in epitaxially stabilized orthorhombic Ru3+ perovskite LaRuO3 and NdRuO3
Authors: Zhang Lingfei , Fujita Takahiro C. , Masutake Yuuki , Kawamura Minoru , Arima Taka-hisa , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Tokunaga Masashi , Kawasaki Masashi
Published: March 2024

Complex oxides are interesting materials where multiple physical properties and functionalities can be realized by integrating different elements in a single compound. However, owing to the chemical instability, not all the combinations of elements can be materialized despite the intriguing potential expected from their magnetic and electronic properties. Here we demonstrate an epitaxial stabilization of orthorhombic Ru3+ perovskite oxides: LaRuO3 and NdRuO3, and their magnetotransport properties that reflect the difference between non-magnetic La3+ and magnetic Nd3+. Above all, an unconventional anomalous Hall effect accompanied by an inflection point in magnetoresistance is observed around 1.3 T below 1 K for NdRuO3, which we propose is possibly related to a non-coplanar spin texture on Nd3+ sublattice. These studies not only serve as a new testbed for the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and Coulomb interaction but also open a new avenue to explore topological emergent phenomena in well-studied perovskite oxides.
Poor lie detection related to an under-reliance on statistical cues and overreliance on own behaviour
Authors: Zheng Sarah Ying , Rozenkrantz Liron , Sharot Tali
Published: March 2024

The surge of online scams is taking a considerable financial and emotional toll. This is partially because humans are poor at detecting lies. In a series of three online experiments (Nexp1 = 102, Nexp2 = 108, Nexp3 = 100) where participants are given the opportunity to lie as well as to assess the potential lies of others, we show that poor lie detection is related to the suboptimal computations people engage in when assessing lies. Participants used their own lying behaviour to predict whether other people lied, despite this cue being uninformative, while under-using more predictive statistical cues. This was observed by comparing the weights participants assigned to different cues, to those of a model trained on the ground truth. Moreover, across individuals, reliance on statistical cues was associated with better discernment, while reliance on one’s own behaviour was not. These findings suggest scam detection may be improved by using tools that augment relevant statistical cues.
Single cell atlas of kidney cancer endothelial cells reveals distinct expression profiles and phenotypes
Authors: Xu Yuexin , Miller Chris P. , Xue Jun , Zheng Ying , Warren Edus H. , Tykodi Scott S. , Akilesh Shreeram
Published: March 2024

Background

Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) represent the primary interface between the tumor microenvironment and circulating immune cells, however their phenotypes are incompletely understood in highly vascularized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods

We purified tumor and matched normal endothelial cells (NECs) from ccRCC specimens and performed single-cell RNA-sequencing to create a reference-quality atlas available as a searchable web resource for gene expression patterns. We established paired primary TECs and NECs cultures for ex vivo functional testing.

Results

TECs from multiple donors shared a common phenotype with increased expression of pathways related to extracellular matrix regulation, cell-cell communication, and insulin-like growth factor signaling. This phenotype was shared with hepatocellular carcinoma associated TECs, suggesting convergent TEC phenotypes between unrelated tumors. Cultured TECs stably maintained a core program of differentially regulated genes which promoted resistance to apoptosis after vascular endothelial growth factor removal and increased adhesiveness to subsets of immune cells including regulatory T-cells.

Conclusions

Our studies demonstrate that TECs have a distinct phenotype that is shared by TECs from different tumor types and stable in ex vivo culture. The distinct adhesive interaction of TECs with immune cells raises the possibility of their modulation to improve immune cell-based therapies for RCC.
Preparation of rGO/MoSe2 nanocomposites for enhanced microwave absorption of whole X and Ku bands
Authors: Farahmandzadeh Farzad , Hekmatara Hoda , Molaei Mehdi
Published: March 2024

rGO–MoSe2 nanocomposites were prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal method in which MoSe2 microspheres (MS) were decorated on rGO sheets.
Rational construction of micro-plate-like iron oxide/aluminium oxide-fabricated screen-printed carbon electrode for the electrochemical detection of the antiandrogen drug
Authors: Musuvadhi Babulal Sivakumar , Nataraj Nandini , Chen Tse-Wei , Chen Shen Ming , Lou Bih-Show , Mehmood Abbasi Arshad , Al-Mohaimeed Amal M. , Elshikh Mohamed Soliman , Yu Jaysan
Published: March 2024

An improved electrochemical sensing platform with a vital strategy for NTM antiandrogen drug detection in real environmental and biofluid samples.
Magnetically recyclable nanophotocatalysts in photocatalysis-involving processes for organic pollutant removal from wastewater: current status and perspectives
Authors: Zheng Zexiao , He Juhua , Zhang Zuyao , Kumar Ashutosh , Khan Musharib , Lung Cheuk Wai , Lo Irene M. C.
Published: March 2024

The critical review covers the applications, associated mechanisms, challenges, and prospects of magnetically recyclable nanophotocatalysts in photocatalysis-related processes.
Hydride-doped coinage metal superatoms and their catalytic applications
Authors: Chiu Tzu-Hao , Liao Jian-Hong , Silalahi Rhone P. Brocha , Pillay Michael N. , Liu C. W.
Published: March 2024

Mixed valent coinage metal clusters can encapsulate different dopants, forming remarkable superatoms while retaining a hydride. In this review, we highlight the hydride's dual nature in the synthesis, structure and application of superatoms.
Correction and removal of expression of concern: Total synthesis of tubulysin U and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H
Authors: Long Bohua , Tao Cheng , Li Yinghong , Zeng Xiaobin , Cao Meiqun , Wu Zhengzhi
Published: March 2024

Correction and removal of expression of concern for ‘Total synthesis of tubulysin U and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H’ by Bohua Long et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2020, 18, 5349–5353, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0OB01109F.
Decolonizing and diversifying the biosciences curriculum – a practical guide to getting started
Authors: Mansfield Catherine , Joshi Lovleen Tina , Ting Isaiah J. , Hubbard Katharine
Published: March 2024

To create inclusive bioscience learning environments, we need to challenge the dominance of white European perspectives within our discipline through diversification and decolonization of the curriculum. Bioscientists may be unsure how to start this process or may struggle to see how it is relevant within scientific disciplines. Here, we provide some practical suggestions of how to start with diversification and decolonization. We highlight a published culturally competent curriculum structure that may be of value and give multiple steps towards decolonization. These range from considering terminology, addressing gaps in our own knowledge to learning how to pronounce names from multiple cultures correctly and working in partnership with students and staff from diverse backgrounds. We also reflect on our own privileges, experiences and biases to illustrate the importance of self-awareness in this work. Decolonization and diversification may be uncomfortable and challenging, but our suggestions provide practical advice and support to bioscience educators wanting to create more inclusive curricula.
A stochastic maximum principle for forward–backward stochastic control systems with quadratic generators and sample-wise constraints
Authors: Ji Shaolin , Xu Rundong
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the stochastic maximum principle (SMP) for a forward–backward stochastic control system where the backward state equation is characterized by the backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) with quadratic growth and the forward state at the terminal time is constrained in a convex set with probability one. With the help of the theory of BSDEs with quadratic growth and the bounded mean oscillation (BMO) martingales, we employ the terminal perturbation approach and Ekeland’s variational principle to obtain a dynamic stochastic maximum principle. The main result has a wide range of applications in mathematical finance and we investigate a robust recursive utility maximization problem with bankruptcy prohibition as an example.
At the heart of the proton
Authors: Tomasi-Gustafsson Egle , Pacetti Simone
Published: March 2024

Two main findings on electromagnetic hadron form factors focussed a large interest of the hadron physics community in the recent years. One is the decrease of the electric to magnetic form factor ratio when the momentum transfer in electron proton elastic scattering increases. The second is the discovery of regular oscillations of the generalized proton form factors in the annihilation process electron-positron into proton-antiproton. In this talk we propose a coherent interpretation of these findings giving a general, dynamical description of the proton in the space-time frame which is based on the presence of a quantum vacuum at very small distances.
Isospin influence on nuclear dynamics in the reactions 78,86Kr+40,48Ca at 10 AMeV
Authors: Gnoffo Brunilde , Pirrone Sara , Politi Giuseppe , Cardella Giuseppe , De Filippo Enrico , Geraci Elena , Maiolino Concettina , Martorana Nunzia Simona , Pagano Angelo , Pagano Emanuele Vincenzo , Papa Massimo , Risitano Fabio , Rizzo Francesca , Russotto Paolo , Santagati Gianluca , Trimarchi Marina , Zagami Cristina
Published: March 2024

An investigation of the influence of the isospin (N/Z ratio) on the thermometric characteristics, in the reactions 78Kr+40Ca and 86Kr+48Ca at 10 AMeV is presented. The experiment was performed at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud in Catania by using the beams delivered by the Superconductive Cyclotron and the 4π multidetector CHIMERA. The isospin effects on the decay modes of the two produced composite systems and on the competition between statistical and dynamical break-up of the projectile have been studied. The thermal evaporation from both compound nucleus (CN) and Quasi-Projectile Like Fragment (PLF) has been investigated by extracting the temperature with two different thermometric methods, namely the slope thermometer, with the alpha particles as probe, and the double isotope yields ratio thermometer. The results of the analysis suggest the influence of the N/Z ratio on the system (CN or PLF) temperature, regardless of the nature of the method used for its determination.
Application of the semiclassical distorted wave model to the inclusive (d, d′x) reaction
Authors: Nakada Hibiki , Yoshida Kazuki , Ogata Kazuyuki
Published: March 2024

We apply the semiclassical distorted wave model to the deuteroninduced inclusive (d, d′x) reaction. The calculated double differential cross sections (DDXs) as a function of the deuteron emission energy and the scattering angle are compared with experimental data. The calculated DDXs reasonably reproduce experimental data in the small energy-transfer region and at the forward angles. It is found that the refraction, which is the changes in the kinematics of the deuteron inside a nucleus, is necessary to reasonably reproduce the experimental data. We show that the refraction causes the increase/decrease in the differential cross section of the elementary process, hence the DDX.
Characteristics of the fission fragments in the three-body model of binary fission
Authors: Denisov Vitali Yu.
Published: March 2024

The evaluated nuclide yields, fragment mass and charge distributions, and averaged total kinetic energy of fission fragments for the neutroninduced fission of 30 actinide nuclei are well described in the new model, which considers the fissioning scission system consisting of two heavy fragments and an α-particle between them. The α-particle has its origin in the neck nucleons. The yield of fission fragments in the model is linked to the number of states over the barrier of the saddle point, which is between the contacting and well-separated fission fragments. The α-particle is fused with the nearest heavy fragment after passing the saddle point, therefore, two final fragments appear during fission. The quadrupole deformations of heavy fragments are taken into account in the model. The fragment yields depend on the heights of corresponding saddle points and the values of the equilibrium quadrupole deformation of fragments.
The role of angular momentum in fission
Authors: Vogt R. , Randrup J.
Published: March 2024

The role of angular momentum in fission has generated a great deal of attention recently. Recent data has shown that, while the fission fragment spins may be generated by highly correlated processes, the resulting measured fragment spins were shown to be largely uncorrelated. This proceedings will summarize some of the advances made with the fission simulation model FREYA which is well suited for studying the role of angular momentum in fission because it can easily simulate a variety of scenarios for generating fragment spin and determine the observational consequences.
Reconstruction of high energy thunderstorm radiation effects on soil matrix using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Ruban Yuliia , Ploc Ondrej , Šlegl Jakub , Chvátil David , Světlík Ivo , Tomášková Lenka , Sihver Lembit
Published: March 2024

Due to their electromagnetic properties, thunderclouds can act as natural particle accelerators. Electrons accelerated in the thunderclouds can reach energies up to tens of MeV. Large populations of high energetic electrons formed by avalanche growth driven by electric fields in the Earth atmosphere called Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches (RREA) propagate through matter. They are decelerated and deflected in the course of collisions with particles in the atmosphere and emit gamma rays known as bremsstrahlung. The produced gamma rays can further trigger photonuclear reactions in the air and soil. This article reports on the work of project CRREAT (Research Centre of Cosmic Rays and Radiation Events in the Atmosphere), studying various lightning-related phenomena in various ways, both in situ and in the laboratory. This paper focuses on the simulation of the laboratory experiments at the Microtron accelerator in Prague and the neutron generator in Ostrava, where we irradiated various soil samples with 20 MeV electron beams. Experiments showed which radionuclides can be formed during the reactions of high-energy electrons with various soils and can be as targeted products in the thunderstorm radiation effect analysis. Radionuclides produced in exposed samples were measured using a highpurity germanium (HPGe) detector. A computer simulation was done with a simple source and sample geometry using the general-purpose 3D Monte Carlo code PHITS.
155Tb from natural targets: Reaction modeling of natTb(p, x) and natGd(α, x)
Authors: Colombi Alessandro , Fontana Andrea , Carante Mario Pietro
Published: March 2024

Four terbium radionuclides (149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb and 161Tb) are promising key players in the field of radiopharmaceutical production: in particular 155Tb emits Auger-electrons and γ rays suitable respectively for therapy and for SPECT imaging. In this work we investigate and compare two 155Tb generators by considering reactions of protons on natTb and of alpha particles on natGd for energies E<70 MeV. Both routes can be studied using intermediate energy cyclotrons for the production of 155Dy, the precursor of 155Tb. The two production routes are analyzed with the nuclear reaction code TALYS by varying the parameters of the models to improve the agreement between the calculated cross sections and the available experimental data. Realistic theoretical simulations for the production of 155Tb are performed by optimizing the activity and the purity of the final product, with a full simulation of the radiochemical separation procedure.
Effects of refractive index mismatch between sample and immersion medium in line-field confocal optical coherence tomography
Authors: Dubois Arnaud
Published: March 2024

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is an optical technique based on low-coherence interference microscopy with line illumination, designed for tomographic imaging of semi-transparent samples with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. A theoretical model of the signal acquired in LC-OCT is presented. The model shows that a refractive index mismatch between the sample and the immersion medium causes a dissociation of the coherence plane and the focal plane, leading to a decrease in the signal amplitude and a degradation of the image’s lateral resolution. Measurements are performed to validate and illustrate the theoretical predictions. A mathematical condition linking various experimental parameters is established to ensure that the degradation of image quality is negligible. This condition is tested experimentally by imaging a phantom. It is verified theoretically in the case of skin imaging, using experimental parameters corresponding to those of the commercially available LC-OCT device.
A Correlation Study of Individual Differences Factors and Oral Chinese Learning Strategies: A Survey Based on Sri Lankan Learners
Authors: Yu Bo
Published: March 2024

Individual differences of learners will affect foreign language learners’ use of learning strategies. This study focuses on Chinese learners in Sri Lanka, and analyzes the correlation between their age, gender, length of time and oral language learning strategies. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the use of learning strategies among learners of different genders; with the increase of age, the frequency of overall use of strategies showed a downward trend; the frequency of use of cognitive strategies, compensation strategies and affective strategies increased with learning length while increasing, the frequency of use of meta-cognitive strategies, memory strategies and social strategies decreased with the increase of learning length.