bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire for East Africa
Authors: Kwobah Edith Kamaru , Goodrich Suzanne , Kulzer Jayne Lewis , Kanyesigye Michael , Obatsa Sarah , Cheruiyot Julius , Kiprono Lorna , Kibet Colma , Ochieng Felix , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Ofner Susan , Brown Steven A. , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Atwoli Lukoye , Wools-Kaloustian Kara
Published: March 2024

Research increasingly involves cross-cultural work with non-English-speaking populations, necessitating translation and cultural validation of research tools. This paper describes the process of translating and criterion validation of the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ) for use in a multisite study in Kenya and Uganda. The English CDQ was translated into Swahili, Dholuo (Kenya) and Runyankole/Rukiga (Uganda) by expert translators. The translated documents underwent face validation by a bilingual committee, who resolved unclear statements, agreed on final translations and reviewed back translations to English. A diagnostic interview by a mental health specialist was used for criterion validation, and Kappa statistics assessed the strength of agreement between non-specialist scores and mental health professionals’ diagnoses. Achieving semantic equivalence between translations was a challenge. Validation analysis was done with 30 participants at each site (median age 32.3 years (IQR = (26.5, 36.3)); 58 (64.4%) female). The sensitivity was 86.7%, specificity 64.4%, positive predictive value 70.9% and negative predictive value 82.9%. Diagnostic accuracy by the non-specialist was 75.6%. Agreement was substantial for major depressive episode and positive alcohol (past 6 months) and alcohol abuse (past 30 days). Agreement was moderate for other depressive disorders, panic disorder and psychosis screen; fair for generalized anxiety, drug abuse (past 6 months) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); and poor for drug abuse (past 30 days). Variability of agreement between sites was seen for drug use (past 6 months) and PTSD. Our study successfully adapted the CDQ for use among people living with HIV in East Africa. We established that trained non-specialists can use the CDQ to screen for common mental health and substance use disorders with reasonable accuracy. Its use has the potential to increase case identification, improve linkage to mental healthcare, and improve outcomes. We recommend further studies to establish the psychometric properties of the translated tool.
Digital inclusive finance, industrial structure, and economic growth: An empirical analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China
Authors: Zhou Wenhai , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaomin
Published: March 2024

As a product of combining digital technology and traditional finance, digital inclusive finance plays a vital role in economic growth. This paper deeply analyzes the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic growth and the specific transmission path. This research selects the municipal panel data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from 2011 to 2020 and empirically studies the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic growth. From the perspectives of industrial structure transformation speed, industrial structure upgrading, and industrial structure rationalization, this study analyzes the role of industrial structure in the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic growth and tests the heterogeneity of the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic growth. The results show that digital inclusive finance has a significant role in promoting economic growth. The depth of use of digital inclusive finance has the most significant impact, followed by the breadth of coverage, and the degree of digitization is the smallest. The industrial structure transformation speed and the industrial structure rationalization play a significant intermediary role in the economic growth effect of digital inclusive finance, and the industrial structure upgrading has no significant impact on the economic growth effect of digital inclusive finance; the promotion effect of digital inclusive finance on economic growth is bigger in the economically developed group, the higher digital inclusive finance group and the technologically developed group, and the promotion effect is smaller in the economically underdeveloped group, the lower digital inclusive finance group and the technologically underdeveloped group. The results provide a strong reference for policy formulation to promote the development of digital inclusive finance and economic growth.
Eye of the Taika: New Zealand Comedy and the Films of Taika Waititi, Matthew Bannister (2021)
Authors: Wright Andrea
Published: March 2024

Review of: Eye of the Taika: New Zealand Comedy and the Films of Taika Waititi, Matthew Bannister (2021)

Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 312 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 81434 533 7 (pbk), US$36.99
Assessment of the 2021 AASLD Practice Guidance for Albumin Infusion in Elective Therapeutic Paracentesis: A Regression Discontinuity Design
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Vander Weg Mark , Jones Michael P. , Wehby George
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The 2021 American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) Practice Guidance recommends albumin infusion when removing ≥5 L of ascites to prevent post-paracentesis circulatory dysfunction. However, the optimal criteria and scenarios for initiating albumin infusion subsequent to therapeutic paracentesis (TP) have been subject to limited scientific inquiry.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a US academic healthcare center. Participants received elective, outpatient TP between July 2019 and December 2022. Patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, post-TP clinical adjustments, and/or hospitalization were excluded. The institution strictly followed the AASLD Guidance. We used a sharp regression discontinuity (RD) design to estimate the effect of albumin infusion at the AASLD Guidance-recommended cutoff of 5 L on serum creatinine and sodium trajectory after TP.

RESULTS:

Over the study period, 1,457 elective TPs were performed on 235 unique patients. Albumin infusion at the threshold of 5 L of ascites removal reduced serum creatinine levels by 0.046 mg/dL/d (95% confidence interval 0.003–0.116, P = 0.037) and increased serum sodium levels by 0.35 mEq/L/d (95% confidence interval 0.15–0.55, P = 0.001) compared with those who did not receive albumin infusion. The RD plots indicated worsened serum creatine/sodium levels after draining 3 L of fluid, approaching levels similar to or worse than with albumin infusion at 5 L or more.

DISCUSSION:

Our RD models supported the 2021 AASLD Guidance with robust estimation of causal effect sizes at the cutoff level of 5 L. Nevertheless, the findings also highlight the need to further evaluate the efficacy of albumin infusion in patients who undergo elective TP and have 3–5 L of ascites removed.
Visualization of the Starting Vortex Shed by a Cylinder Accelerating in Superfluid Helium-4: Preliminary Results
Authors: Blaha J. , La Mantia M.
Published: March 2024

A cylinder of elliptical cross-section is accelerated from rest in superfluid helium-4, a unique cryogenic liquid, characterized by very small values of kinematic viscosity. The starting vortex generated by the cylinder is visualized using the particle tracking velocimetry technique, at different values of fluid temperature and cylinder acceleration. The vortex trajectory and strength are estimated from the particles’ positions and velocities, in view of comparing the behaviour of the shed vortices in various experimental conditions. We specifically find that the vortex trajectory does not appear to depend appreciably on the fluid temperature and cylinder acceleration magnitude, while the latter seems to influence significantly the vortex strength. Overall, the preliminary results presented here show that further studies are required to assess in a quantitative way similarities and differences with analogous flows of Newtonian fluids.
Numerical Evaluation of Mass-Diffusive Compressible Fluids Flows Models
Authors: Bodnár T. , Fraunié Ph.
Published: March 2024

This contribution presents first numerical tests of some recently published alternative models for solution of viscous compressible and nearly incompressible models. All models are solved by high resolution compact finite difference scheme with strong stability preserving RungeKutta time stepping. The two simple but challenging computational test cases are presented, based on the double-periodic shear layer and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The obtained time-dependent flow fields are showing pronounced shear and vorticity layers being resolved by the standard as well as by the new mass-diffusive modified models. The preliminary results show that the new models are viable alternative to the well established classical models.
Mathematical Modelling of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines Rotors Aerodynamics
Authors: Dovgyi S. , Moiseienko S. , Polevoy O. , Redchyts D. , Tarasov S.
Published: March 2024

Numerical modeling of unsteady turbulent separated flows of incompressible fluid around vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) with Darrieus and Savonius rotors was performed on the basis of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, closed by the SpalartAllmaras turbulence model. The numerical solution was obtained using original homemade program code that implements an implicit finite volume algorithm based on the artificial compressibility method. Verification of developed CFD code has been carried out by simulation of several typical testing problems, namely: laminar and turbulent flow around steady and unsteady cylinder, subcritical and supercritical flow around steady and oscillating NACA 4412, NACA 0015 airfoils, aerodynamics of the turbulent flow around a 30P30N multi-element airfoil in cruise, takeoff and landing configurations, turbulent flow around tractor-trailer. The results of Darrieus and Savonius rotors simulation, physical and computational experiments with different number and geometry of blades are presented in the form of detailed flow visualization and reconstruction for two- and three-blade Darrieus rotor. The analysis of flow field near rotors was carried out and the main stages of vortex development were identified and analyzed. The results of three series of computational experiments on aerodynamic of two and three-bucket Savonius rotor were obtained, presented and discussed.
Numerical Solution of Hypersonic Viscous Flow Using Rotated-Hybrid Riemann Solver
Authors: Holman Jiří
Published: March 2024

The paper deals with the numerical solution of the laminar and turbulent flow of a viscous fluid at hypersonic velocities. The laminar flow is described by the system of Navier-Stokes equations, while the turbulent flow is modeled by the averaged Navier-Stokes equations which are completed by the explicit algebraic model of Reynolds stresses (EARSM model of turbulence). The numerical solution is obtained by the finite volume method based on the rotated-hybrid Riemann solver and explicit Runge-Kutta method. The proposed method is tested on the laminar flow over a double wedge geometry and on the turbulent flow around the Kinzhal missile.
Current vision on mechanism of action of bisphosphonates. The effect of long-term administration of bisphosphonates on bone tissue (preclinical studies)
Authors: Toroptsova N. V. , Baranova I. A.
Published: March 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the common chronic diseases in the elderly, which requires long–term therapy. Bisphosphonates (BP) belong to the first-line choice medications for the treatment of OP, however, prolonged period of bisphosphonates use has been associated with increased risk of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs), medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and the impact on fracture healing, which attracts increased attention to the current widespread use of them.

The article presents the existing classes of BP according to their chemical structure and mechanism of action, differences in their antiresorptive potencies. The data of studies on animal models on the effect of BP on the mechanical properties of bone, fracture repair, as well as the development of MRONJ are presented.
The CoLab score is associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral load during admission in individuals admitted to the intensive care unit: the CoLaIC cohort study
Authors: Schoenmakers Tom , Leers Mathie P.G. , Deneer Ruben , van Rosmalen Frank , Gorissen Stefan H.M. , Verboeket-van de Venne Wilhelmine P.H.G. , Vojinovic Una , van Mook Walther N.K.A. , Wolffs Petra F.G. , van Bussel Bas C.T. , van Loo Inge H.M.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The present study examines the temporal association between the changes in SARS-CoV-2 viral load during infection and whether the CoLab-score can facilitate de-isolation.

Methods

Nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from ICU-admitted SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at Maastricht UMC+ from March 25, 2020 to October 1, 2021. The CoLab-score was calculated based on 10 blood parameters and age and can range from −43 to 6. Three mixed effects analyses compared patient categories based on initial PCR Ct values (low; Ct≤20, mid; 20>Ct≤30, high; Ct>30), serial PCR Ct values to CoLab-scores over time, and the association between within-patient delta Ct values and CoLab-scores.

Results

In 324 patients, the median Ct was 33, and the median CoLab-score was −1.78. Mid (n=110) and low (n=41) Ct-categories had higher CoLab-scores over time (+0.60 points, 95 % CI; 0.04–1.17, and +0.28 points, 95 % CI −0.49 to 1.04) compared to the high Ct (n=87) category. Over time, higher serial Ct values were associated with lower serial CoLab-scores, decreasing by −0.07 points (95 % CI; −0.11 to −0.02) per day. Increasing delta Ct values were associated with a decreasing delta CoLab-score of −0.12 (95 % CI; −0.23; −0.01).

Conclusions

The study found an association between lower viral load on admission and reduced CoLab-score. Additionally, a decrease in viral load over time was associated with a decrease in CoLab-score. Therefore, the CoLab-score may make patient de-isolation an option based on the CoLab-score.
Recent advancements in multinuclear early transition metal catalysts for olefin polymerization through cooperative effects
Authors: Yue Qiang , Gao Rong , Song Zhihui , Lai Jingjing , Zhang Randi , Wang Ying , Gou Qingqiang
Published: March 2024

The pursuit of high-performance polyolefin materials has been an objective for chemists. Recently, the development of multinuclear catalysts has significantly enabled the preparation of high-performance polyolefin materials. In this review, we mainly focus on the cooperative effects of multinuclear early transition metal catalysts and provide a comprehensive summary of the research progress in binuclear and multinuclear early transition metal catalysts over the past decade. Compared with the catalytic performance and polymer structure of these catalysts with mononuclear catalysts, we have found that various factors, such as steric hindrance effect, electronic effect, heteroatom effect, hydrogen bonding interaction, the distance between metal centers in multinuclear metal catalysts, and the use of additives, have distinctive and significant impacts on catalyst performance. These effects give rise to notable cooperative effects. This review offers crucial insights and serves as a valuable reference for shaping the future development directions of binuclear and multinuclear early transition metal catalysts.
Performance assessment, through numerical simulation and experimental evaluation, of a thin-film ultraviolet reactor for the processing of fruit juices
Authors: Solari Federico , Lysova Natalya , Martelli Francesco , Volpi Andrea , Bottari Benedetta , Montanari Roberto
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a numerical approach to investigate the performance of a thin-film ultraviolet reactor in treating three different fruit juices (apple, orange and pineapple) with UV-C radiation, under six flow rate conditions. Minimum, average and maximum doses were calculated for each configuration, by integrating, over time the irradiance over one thousand different streamlines. The presented approach allows for calculating the dose distribution achieved, thus assessing both the fulfilment of regulatory requirements and the uniformity of the treatment. Experimental tests were finally performed on both apple and orange juice, with a flow rate of 80 L/h. For apple juice, more than 3 Log CFU/mL reductions were obtained on Escherichia coli ATCC 11,229, while, for orange juice, a negligible reduction (0.05 Log CFU/mL) was achieved. These results, according to biodosimetry data from other studies, correspond to UV-C dose distributions that confirm those calculated.
Determination of 10B/11B in boric acid and B4C using LA-ICPMS
Authors: Ujjwal Kumar Maity , Janarthanam Namitha , Pulipaka Bavya , Kumar Ushalakshmi , Periasamy Manoravi , Sreenivasan Vijayalakshmi
Published: March 2024

Boron isotopic ratio measurement is very important in the nuclear industry because it is used as neutron poison (in the form of boric acid or a B4C pellet) and control rod material (B4C pellet) in nuclear power plants. Since 10B has a higher neutron absorption cross-section, enriched 10B is used in the nuclear industry and the extent of enrichment varies from 50–90 %. Therefore, it is essential to determine the 10B/11B ratio in boric acid and B4C. The prime purpose of the present study is to utilize LA-ICPMS for evaluating 10B/11B ratio both in solution (boric acid) and solid (B4C pellet) without any pre-treatment so that the difficulty in dissolution or powdering process of B4C (one of the hardest materials) can be avoided and the B4C pellet can be reused. The results obtained from LA-ICPMS for the B4C pellet are discussed and compared with the solution ICPMS, TIMS, and LIMS. The solutions of boric acid (natural abundance) and dissolved B4C (natural & ∼67 % enriched isotopic composition) were analyzed by LA-ICPMS and validated by liquid sampling ICPMS data.
Monosynaptic rabies tracing reveals sex- and age-dependent dorsal subiculum connectivity alterations in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Authors: Ye Qiao , Gast Gocylen , Wilfley Erik George , Huynh Hanh , Hays Chelsea , Holmes Todd C. , Xu Xiangmin
Published: March 2024

The subiculum (SUB), a hippocampal formation structure, is among the earliest brain regions impacted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Towards a better understanding of AD circuit-based mechanisms, we mapped synaptic circuit inputs to dorsal SUB using monosynaptic rabies tracing in the 5xFAD mouse model by quantitatively comparing the circuit connectivity of SUB excitatory neurons in age-matched controls and 5xFAD mice at different ages for both sexes. Input-mapped brain regions include hippocampal subregions (CA1, CA2, CA3), medial septum and diagonal band (MS-DB), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), SUB, post subiculum (postSUB), visual cortex (Vis), auditory cortex (Aud), somatosensory cortex (SS), entorhinal cortex (EC), thalamus, perirhinal cortex (Prh), ectorhinal cortex (Ect) and temporal association cortex (TeA). We find sex- and age-dependent changes in connectivity strengths and patterns of SUB presynaptic inputs from hippocampal subregions and other brain regions in 5xFAD mice compared to control mice. Significant sex differences for SUB inputs are found in 5xFAD mice for CA1, CA2, CA3, postSUB, Prh, LEC, and MEC: all areas critical for learning and memory. Notably, we find significant changes at different ages for visual cortical inputs to SUB. While visual function is not ordinarily considered defective in AD, these specific connectivity changes reflect altered visual circuitry contributing to learning and memory deficits. Our work provides new insights into SUB-directed neural circuit mechanisms during AD progression and supports the idea that neural circuit disruptions are a prominent feature of AD.

Significance StatementAlzheimer's disease is a major health concern in the elderly, but the underlying neural circuit mechanisms of this disease remain unclear. The SUB is a critical brain region for relaying and integrating hippocampal and cortical information. In this study, we applied monosynaptic rabies viral tracing to study the circuit connectivity changes of SUB excitatory neurons in age-matched, gender-balanced control and 5xFAD mice. We identified age-progressive alterations of connectivity strengths and patterns of SUB neurons in AD model mice. The circuit alterations are differentially impacted in different genders for specific brain regions. Our new findings are supported by human AD literature and can help to identify potential new therapeutical circuit targets for AD treatments.
The conditions for workplace learning implementation in Laotian higher education
Authors: Vannasy Vanmany , Sengsouliya Souksakhone
Published: March 2024

Workplace learning is a necessity for the organizational growth of all types of organizations, including higher education institutions. There are different directions proposed on how to make the implementation of workplace learning realistic, however, the best practices in one context may not apply well in another. This paper investigated the conditions required for the implementation of workplace learning in the case study of Laotian higher education. Firstly, 12 faculty members were invited to a semi-structured interview. The study employed a deductive category assignment of QCA in analyzing the data. The findings revealed that three conditions, namely, individual-related, organizational-related, and environmental-related conditions, appear to be key and are taken into account in developing favorable workplace learning. A further quantitative study in this area is strongly recommended.
Polenta or Mamaliga? British Perceptions of a South-east European Dish
Authors: Jianu Angela
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on the historical importance of cornmeal preparations in Romania, especially among the poor during the 18th and 19th- centuries, and the consequences of over-reliance on this food which, when not properly prepared, leads to the potentially fatal  disease of Pellagra, caused by a lack of the vitamin niacin (vitamin B3).
While Shepherds Ate
Authors: White Eileen
Published: March 2024

I am looking here at two medieval shepherd plays that specifically describe their shared supper, from the cycles of Chester and Wakefield. Apart from some brief background information, this approach concentrates on the food, not the literary value, authorship or performance practice of the plays.
“Love Philosophy in Yourself, but Not Yourself in Philosophy”: Interview with Omelchenko Nikolai Viktorovich
Authors: Omelchenko Nikolai , Solovieva Lyubov ,   Volgograd State University
Published: March 2024

The conversation with N.V. Omelchenko – Doctor of Sciences (Philosophy), Professor, Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation (2006), Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence (Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA, USA, 2001–2002 academic year), awarded the Volgograd State University Medal of Merit (2012) – took place in February 2023. This interview marked the beginning of a series of events dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of the opening of the specialty 'Philosophy' at Volgograd State University. The first reception of future philosophers was held in 1994. N.V. Omelchenko told about the circumstances of the opening of the specialty 'Philosophy' at Volgograd State University, about the idea, organization, and development of the international conference "The Human Being in Contemporary Philosophical Conceptions," and about the purpose of the educational project "Philosophical School 'Logos'." Omelchenko associates his introduction to philosophy with N.G. Chernyshevsky, whose work Aesthetic Relations of Art to Reality impressed him back in his school years. Dr. Omelchenko defends the thesis that every person is a philosopher. He also considers philosophical therapy as a perspective trend in contemporary philosophy.
Validity of mortality risk prediction scores in critically ill patients with secondary pulmonary embolism
Authors: Ryll Martin J. , Weingarten Toby N. , Schroeder Darrel R. , Sprung Juraj
Published: March 2024

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a feared complication in the ICU, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality of the patients affected.Herein, we assess the use of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-IV (APACHE-IV) and PE-specific risk scores to predictmortality among intensive care unit (ICU) patients who developed secondary PE. This retrospective cohort study used information from 208 United States critical care units recorded in the eICU Collaborative Research Database during 2014 and 2015. We calculated APACHE-IV, Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI), simplified PESI (sPESI), and ICU-sPESI scores and compared their predicting performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Of 812 patients included in our study, 150 died (mortality, 18.5% [95% CI, 15.8%-21.1%]). Compared to survivors, non-survivors had higher APACHE-IV (86 vs 52, P<0.001), PESI (170 vs 129, P<0.001), sPESI (2 vs 2, P<0.001), and ICU-sPESI (4 vs 2, P<0.001) scores. AUROCs were 0.790 (APACHE-IV); 0.737 (PESI); 0.726 (ICU-sPESI); and 0.620 (sPESI). APACHE-IV performed significantly better than all 3 PE-specific mortality scores (APACHE-IV vs PESI, P=0.041; APACHE-IV vs sPESI, P=0.001; and APACHE-IV vs ICU-sPESI, P=0.021). Both the PESI and ICU-sPESI outperformed the sPESI (PESI vs sPESI, P=0.001; ICU-sPESI vs sPESI, P<0.001). APACHE-IV score was found to be the best instrument for predicting mortality risk, but PESI and ICU-sPESI scores may be used when APACHE-IV is unavailable. sPESI AUROC suggests absence of sufficient discriminative value to be used as a predictor of mortality in patients with secondary PE.
Neuronal co-culture v1
Authors: Mohd Rafiq Nisha
Published: March 2024

This protocol describes the co-culturing of iPSC-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons and iPSC-derived medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in a microfluidic compartmentalization device.
Nuevos instrumentos jurídicos contra la oposición y la propaganda ilegal (1955-1965)
Authors: Eiroa San Francisco Matilde , Del Águila Torres Juan José
Published: March 2024

The 1950s-1960s saw intense mobilization in the university, workers' and neighbourhood sectors, whose demands and forms of protest differed from those practiced in previous decades. The proliferation of strikes and protests was accompanied by multiple propaganda formats that alarmed the authorities. This research analyses the creation of new legal bodies set up to combat this phenomenon, such as the National Special Court for Illegal Propaganda. The following are some examples of the proceedings initiated and the intersections that this court had with other courts that arose at the same time. For this purpose, the files kept in the Territorial Judicial Archive of Madrid and in the Administration General Archive were consulted
Chemoreactomic analysis of acyzole in comparison with zinc derivatives of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Galenko-Yaroshevsky P. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Gromov A. N. , Gromova O. A. , Murashko R. A. , Zelenskaya A. V. , Alukhanyan L. O. , Shelemekh O. V.
Published: March 2024

Background. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are characterized by ulcerogenic effects and used for effective and safe pharmacotherapy of inflammation and pain. The zinc-containing drug acyzole is a promising anti-inflammatory drug that potentially does not have this drawback. Objective: to conduct chemoreactomic modeling of the pharmacological effects of acyzole and zinc derivatives of well-known NSAIDs (diclofenac, nimesulide, ketorolac).

Material and methods. The analysis of the pharmacological capabilities of NSAIDs was based on a chemoinformatic approach, i.e. comparing the chemical structure of the studied molecules with the structures of millions of other molecules with established molecular pharmacological properties. The analysis procedure was based on the latest machine learning technologies developed in the theory of topological and metric analysis of feature descriptions.

Results. It was shown that acyzole might have an anti-inflammatory effect due to its impact on the activity of cytokines and, partly, on the metabolism of prostaglandins and leuktrienes. The central effects of acyzole are comparable to those of zinc-NSAIDs. The analgesic effect of acyzole may be associated with kinin receptors inhibition, and weak antihistamine and antinociceptin effects. Acizol may also exhibit a gastroprotective effect. It was established that acyzole, to a lesser extent than the reference molecules, negatively affected the metabolism of vitamins and microelements.

Conclusion. Chemoreactomic profiling of acyzole indicates prospects for its use as an anti-inflammatory drug.
OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN AİLE KATILIM ÇALIŞMALARINA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KOZU Ayşe , ELALDI Şenel
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışma da okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin aile katılım çalışmalarına yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada tarama (survey) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’de görevini sürdüren tüm okul öncesi öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini üç yüz kırk yedi okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem seçiminde olasılık kullanılmayan örnekleme yönteminden kartopu örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Öğretmenler İçin Aile Katılım Çalışmaları Hakkında Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için çalışmada yer alan ölçek puanının sürekli değişkeninin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Çarpıklık (Skewness) Basıklık (Kurtosis) değerleri ve Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile ölçülmüştür. Ölçek puanı değişkeninin normal dağılıma uymadığı görülmüştür. Yaş grupları, mezun olunan bölüm, çalışılan kurum türü, çalışılan yaş grupları, mesleki kıdem durumu değişkenlerine göre bireylerin ölçek puanlarının karşılaştırılmasında non-parametrik testlerden Kruskal Wallis testine başvurulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre öğretmenlerin yaş, çalıştığı kurum ve kıdem durumu değişkenlerine göre aile katılım çalışmalarına yönelik tutumları arasında anlamlı farklılaşmalar ortaya çıkmışken; mezun olunan bölüm ve çalışılan yaş grupları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin uygulaması için farklı aile katılım çalışmaları geliştirilebilir. Ayrıca bundan sonraki çalışmalarda yönetici, ebeveyn, akademisyenler ve öğretmen adaylarının da aile katılım çalışmalarına yönelik tutumları incelenebilir.
ERZURUM EFSANELERİNİN DEĞERLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DOĞRU Emire , YAĞAR Gökhan
Published: March 2024

Bu araştırmada, Erzurum efsanelerinin içerisinde bulunan değerlerin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilgili araştırmada doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Erzurum efsaneleri toplumsal, İslami ve kök değerler açısından incelenmiştir. Sözü edilen efsanelerdeki değerlere genel olarak bakıldığında Erzurum efsanelerinde en fazla İslami değerlere yer verildiği görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan toplumsal, İslami ve kök değerlerin efsanelerin yer aldığı üç ana bölümde de bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Bunun yanın sıra Erzurum efsanelerinde toplam elli iki farklı değere yer verildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgulardan hareketle Erzurum efsanelerin ilgili yöreye ilişkin kültürel değer açısından da zengin olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Evaluation of the Components Released by Wine Yeast Strains on Protein Haze Formation in White Wine
Authors: Giese Ellen Cristine , Ocaña Maria Chacón , Simancas Nuria Barrajón , Pérez Ana I. Briones , Dekker Robert F. H. , Barbosa Aneli M.
Published: March 2024

Cultures of 23 indigenous yeast strains (22 Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a non-Saccharomyces, Torulaspora delbrueckii), isolated from fermentation tanks at wineries in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), and were performed under winemaking conditions using a synthetic must. Polysaccharide analysis and turbidity assays were conducted so as to observe the capacity of the released mannoproteins against protein haze formation in white wine, and 3 strains (2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii) were chosen for further experiments. The action of a commercial b-glucanolytic enzyme preparation (Lallzyme BETA®), and a β-(1→3)-glucanase preparation from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai were evaluated to release polysaccharides from the different yeast strains’ cell walls. Protection against protein haze formation was strain dependent, and only two strains (Sc2 and Sc4) presented >50% stabilization in comparison to controls. Addition of β-glucanases did not increase the concentrations of polysaccharides in the fermentation musts; however, a significant increase of polymeric mannose (mannoproteins) was detected using an enzymatic assay following total acid hydrolysis of the soluble polysaccharides. Enzymatic treatment presented positive effects and decreased protein haze formation in white wine.
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i6.869
Chemokine CXCL8 and its receptors as markers of colorectal cancer
Authors: Bogomolova Irina A. , Antoneeva Inna I. , Dolgova Dinara R. , Abakumova Tatyana V. , Gening Tatyana P.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: The chemokine CXCL8 and its receptor are involved in the activation and transport of inflammatory mediators and regulate the proliferation and renewal of cancer stem cells in colon cancer. It is believed that CXC signaling may be associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.
AIM: To study the possibilities of using CXCL8-CXCR1/2 pathway indicators as markers in colorectal cancer.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Isolation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from histological sections of tumors obtained intraoperatively from 59 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer was carried out using magnetic particles, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in real time was performed. Calculation of the normalized expression of the CXCL8 and CXCR1 genes relative to the referee gene was done using special software. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 3.0, BioStat v. 7.1 programs. Comparisons of characteristics were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Cox and Kaplan–Meier criteria were used to analyze overall and disease-free survival.
RESULTS: The expression of CXCL8 in intestinal adenocarcinoma cells with low differentiation [Me (Q1–Q3) — 8.770 (1.127–1.114)] was significantly higher than in the groups of moderately and well differentiated tumors (p=0.004 and p=0.012, respectively); and in tumor tissue refractory to chemotherapy, it was significantly higher [4.374 (2.052–7.045)] compared to resistant [2.200 (1.388–5.037); p=0.008] and sensitive [1.624 (0.739–2.586); p=0.042]. The level of CXCR1 messenger RNA in tumor tissue was increased in the presence of BRAF mutation [3.645 (0.801–1.090); p=0.009] and low tumor differentiation [6.965 (3.938–12.225); p=0.002], as well as in tumor tissue refractory to FOLFOX/XELOX chemotherapy [46.224 (27.580–83.570); p=0.0009].
CONCLUSION: Expression of components of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 signaling pathway in tumor tissue may be a marker of sensitivity to FOLFOX/XELOX chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Morphological aspects of bedsore healing against high-frequency electrical stimulation in patients with severe brain damage
Authors: Shulutko Aleksandr M. , Osmanov Elkhan G. , Altukhov Evgeny L. , Yakovlev Alexey A. , Boblak Yulia A. , Gandibina Elena G. , Gorbacheva Anna V. , Patalova Alla R. , Khmirova Svetlana E. , Khusainova Nelli R.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Bedsores or decubital ulcers are significant medical and social problems in patients with serious brain damage. The majority of local treatments are ineffective and do not ensure their healing. Therefore, the search for nondrug methods as part of the complex treatment of decubital ulcers is extremely relevant.
AIM: To assess the morphological picture of bedsores against the background of an improved method of treatment using high-frequency electrical stimulation with pulsed currents in chronically immobilised patients who survived a cerebral catastrophe.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsies of bedsores were examined in 12 patients with severe neurological disorders that developed after a cerebral catastrophe. The initial status of all patients was a ‘chronic critical condition’ (CCS). In all patients, the bedsore defect was located in the sacral region, with a length of 7–25 cm2. The depth of the bedsore corresponded to grade III according to the classification of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Two groups of patients were formed: the main group of five patients (three men + two women), with an average age of 49.0 years, who were subjected to electrical stimulation with pulsed currents of the radiofrequency range. A control group of seven patients (three men + four women), with an average age of 60.1 years, who underwent traditional treatment. The duration of the chronic wound process ranged from 2 months to 1.5 years. The immediate cause of CCS was more often a massive ischaemic stroke (8), less often a severe traumatic brain injury (3) and radical operations to remove brain tumours (1) of various prescriptions from 3 months to 1.5 years. Morphological studies were conducted in both groups to assess the complicated wound process.
RESULTS: The complex morphological study revealed that in the presence of high-frequency electrical stimulation, an earlier appearance of foci of fibroblastic proliferation, an increase in the regenerative potential of tissues due to increased production of type I and III collagens, and myofibroblastic and endothelial growth factors were noted.
CONCLUSION: In the case of CCS of cerebral genesis, the wound process in bedsores inevitably becomes complicated and, according to morphological research, is characterised by severe endothelial dysfunction, deep microcirculation disorders, depletion of the potential of myofibroblastic cells and deficiency of their growth factors. Local high-frequency electrical stimulation in patients with severe brain damage and decubital ulcers as a component of complex ulcer therapy significantly optimises cellular and tissue reactions in the area of bedsores.
Features of the course and treatment of bronchial asthma combined with arterial hypertension: a review
Authors: Cherkashina Irina I. , Nikulina Svetlana Yu. , Averyanov Anatoly B. , Kovaleva Maya D.
Published: March 2024

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a serious medical and social problem. Many patients with asthma have various concomitant chronic diseases, among which the pathology of the cardiovascular system occupies an important place. Most often, asthma occurs with arterial hypertension (AH). This concurrence can lead to mutual aggravation and progression of these diseases and may negatively affect the prognosis. Usually, difficulties appear when choosing the most effective therapy for BA along with hypertension. This review aimed to analyse the available publications on the problem of the combination of BA and hypertension. A review of the literature presents the summary, examines data on prevalence and indicates risk factors for the development of hypertension among patients with asthma. The coexistence of these diseases is more typical in older people. The review includes questions regarding the pathophysiology of this comorbidity. The role of impaired gas exchange and hypoxia, endothelial dysfunction, participation of the nitric oxide system and obesity in the development of hypertension in combination with asthma are highlighted. The significance of impaired nonrespiratory lung function is shown, and the inflammation features in this comorbid pathology are indicated, as well as the contribution of numerous genes to the development of asthma along with hypertension. In the literature, 330 common genes have been identified that may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of asthma and hypertension. This study shows the effect of concomitant hypertension on the course, asthma control and quality of life of the patients. In addition, the article shows modern approaches to effective therapy with the main groups of drugs used to treat these diseases. To date, studies have demonstrated the prevalence of the combination of asthma and hypertension in the structure of comorbidity, mutual influence and aggravation of these pathologies. Coexistence of BA and hypertension increases the severity of clinical symptoms. This article shows the important aspects of the treatment of a combination of diseases. The need for a thorough assessment of the safety of pharmacological therapy for BA along with hypertension has been demonstrated.
Hygienic aspects of legal and methodological support for organizing forensic medical examination
Authors: Milushkina Olga Yu. , Timerzyanov Marat I. , Vasilev Denis E.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: The problem of the prevention and control of infections associated with the provision of medical services in the forensic medical examination bureau (FME) remains relevant. In connection with the spread of new coronavirus and other infections, it is of interest to study the compliance of the regulatory and methodological framework with new challenges from the point of view of hygienic and organizational aspects of forensic work, including examination, disease prevention, and reduction of the effect of risk factors on workers.
AIM: To analyze the current state of the regulatory framework of the activities of the forensic medical examination service.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The regulatory documents at the federal and departmental levels regulating the activities of the forensic medical service were studied. Documents regulating a set of measures aimed at maintaining sanitary and epidemiological well-being and compliance with sanitary norms and rules in relation to the divisions of the FME bureau were analyzed. Emphasis was placed on identifying sanitary and hygienic measures to ensure that FME bureau workers are safe from infectious contamination.
RESULTS: The organization of the activities of the FME bureau is regulated by relevant legal acts that consider the procedure for organizing and conducting forensic medical examinations and are developed in strict accordance with the requirements of federal laws and orders. Some questions related to individual stages of the forensic medical examination, such as the location of the incident, transportation of the corpse to the medical examiner’s office, storage of a corpse, conducting an autopsy, and collecting biomaterial for examination, require solutions to improve the safety and quality of forensic medical examination. The protection of employees of the FME bureau from infectious contamination, organization of preventive measures, and prevention of risks of infection of medical personnel require the development of regulatory legal acts.
CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate the need to improve the legal regulation of individual stages of forensic medical examinations and improve the quality of anti-epidemic measures that ensure the safety of FME bureau workers from infectious diseases. The recommendations are aimed at improving the forensic medical examination service in the country, improving the equipment of morgues, and ensuring conditions for the implementation of the right of personnel of forensic medical institutions to health protection.
The prevalence of dental diseases and medical and social characteristics in young people
Authors: Kopetskiy Igor S. , Polunina Natalja V. , Pobozhieva Ludmila V. , Sheveluk Yuliya V. , Makeeva Maria K.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Despite ongoing treatment and prevention programmes, the prevalence of dental diseases remains high, particularly in young people. The prevalence of oral diseases is influenced by several socioeconomic factors, including age, place of residence, fluoride intake, individual oral care, diet and general somatic disease. The study of these factors is an urgent issue in dentistry.
AIM: To study the medical and social characteristics of young people and their effect on the prevalence of dental diseases.
METHODS: The oral cavities in 917 patients aged 18–44 years who had no history of dental treatment for at least 6 months were examined. The indices of DMF, Silness–LÖe, Green–Vermillion, PMA, CPITN, detection of noncarious lesions of teeth, malocclusion and diseases of the pulp, periapical tissues and periodontal were determined. To establish the influence of social and hygienic factors on the condition of the oral cavity, the survey responses of the study participants were analysed.
RESULTS: In young people, the rates of dental caries, diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues and inflammatory periodontal diseases were 94.2%, 47.4% and 86.8%, respectively. Among the medical and social factors determining the high prevalence of dental diseases, unsatisfactory hygienic condition of the oral cavity, visits to the dentist less than once a year and professional oral hygiene less than once a year should be noted.
CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of dental diseases in young people requires a differentiated approach to therapeutic and preventive measures, using medical and social factors.
Muslim American Families: A Social Worker’s Reflections
Authors: Nadir P. Aneesah
Published: March 2024

Muslim families are diverse culturally, in their practice of Islam, and in the challenges they face. They often experience spiritual, social, mental health, and behavioral health concerns. Among them are those whose members are impacted by the problems of childhood traumas, intergenerational communication problems, and marital problems; caring for children and adults with special needs and aging members; and those confronted by mental illness, suicide, domestic abuse, substance use disorder, incarceration, poverty, racism, and Islamophobia. Even as families strive to be healthy in terms of functioning, their struggles are real. Being Muslim does not totally shield one from these and other trials and tests.
As a Muslim, social worker, and active community member, I have had a front row seat to the successes and challenges facing these families. I have observed aspects of the community’s growth and development over the past 45 years. In this article, I share my reflections.
Beyond Homes Around a Mosque: Muslim-Led Community Development in a Major U.S. City
Authors: Gómez Hazel
Published: March 2024

This paper examines Dream of Detroit (DREAM), a Muslim-led community development initiative, and its impact on Muslim community-building and Detroit's Dexter-Linwood neighborhood. DREAM addresses housing, economic development, sustainability, and cultural preservation. Born from diverse community efforts, it aims to combat housing insecurity, blight, poverty, and racial disparities.
DREAM has successfully renovated vacant homes, engaged local youth, and empowered residents to shape their community's future. While facing funding challenges and gentrification risks, DREAM's commitment to equity, inclusion, and partnerships positions it as a model for sustainable community development rooted in Islamic values.
This case study showcases the power of faith-inspired, community-driven approaches and comprehensive strategies in revitalizing marginalized neighborhoods. It offers insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking effective community development models in diverse urban settings.