bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peer Feedback Practice in EFL Tertiary Writing Classes
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thi
Published: May 2016

Peer feedback plays a pivotal role in stimulating students’ participation in L2 writing, which has the potential to develop students’ writing skills. The concept of metacognition has also been examined to facilitate learner writers in their learning process. As such, this study drawing upon the concept of metacognition explores the implementation of peer feedback in English as a foreign language (EFL) tertiary writing classes in Vietnam and based on the findings develops a peer feedback approach to enhance the learners’ metacognition. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with sixteen English majors and classroom observations in two English writing classes at a university in Vietnam. Content analysis of the data revealed that peer feedback was informally implemented in two EFL writing classes under study, which might suggest that few opportunities for the students to develop their metacognition could be provided in this current feedback approach. The findings also demonstrated the learners’ expectations for changes in peer feedback practice in their writing classes. Thus, the study suggested a jigsaw peer feedback approach which met the participants’ desires and simultaneously afforded the learners a number of opportunities to improve their metacognition in EFL writing contexts, especially in Vietnam. This study helps to extend the literature in peer feedback approach in L2 writing which is underpinned by the concept of metacognition and offers both pedagogical and theoretical implications in English language teaching (ELT).
Bidder’s Gain in Public M&A Transactions: Does Size Matter?
Authors: Högholm Kenneth
Published: May 2016

In this paper we investigate the short term abnormal return to the bidding firm’s shareholders in takeovers made by a Finnish company during the time period from January 2000 to December 2013. Specifically, we study takeover transactions involving publicly traded target companies, and are particularly interested in the relationship between the abnormal return to bidder’s shareholders and the size of the transaction. Specific features of the market for corporate acquisitions in Finland are that almost all transactions are friendly acquisitions and usually aim for 100% of the target company. We estimate the abnormal return around 51 individual takeover announcements and investigate determinants of the abnormal returns. Our results show that the takeover announcement on average yields a positive, but insignificant abnormal return to the bidding firm’s shareholders. The announcement effect on the announcement day is 0.63%, while the cumulative average abnormal return for an eleven day event window is 1.39%. Both pre-event and post-event abnormal returns are statistically insignificant, although there is sign of a price run-up during the last week prior to the announcement. We document a significant negative relationship between the bidder’s abnormal return on the announcement day and the size of the deal, but a positive relationship between the announcement effect and the relative size of the deal. We also document a weak negative relationship between the abnormal returns and the relative size of the target to the bidder. Among the other takeover characteristics we do not find any statistically significant relationship to the announcement effect.
The Determinants of Credit Rationing in Tunisia: A Survey among Credit Managers
Authors: Mazioud Chaabouni Manel , Selmi Nadia
Published: May 2016

This paper aims at explaining the financing structure of the Tunisian companies by the information asymmetry phenomenon as well as at checking whether the low share of loans in the financing of the Tunisian companies is reflected in a credit rationing. We have focused on the informational factor between banks and corporates since the contract between lenders and borrowers may include some limitations even if the legal rules do exist and are properly applied. Our analysis deals with the credit operations. We have restricted our study to the case of small and medium enterprises seeing their importance in our industrial network. We have analyzed the behavior of credit managers dealing with loan applications based on a survey addressed to the credit managers of small and medium enterprises. Our results suggest that Tunisian credit managers be risk averse-which results in a credit rationing. The estimates display that the reliability of accounting documents, the risk of adverse selection and the inefficient recovery procedures are the determinant of this rationing.
An Empirical Study of Impact of EVA Momentum on the Shareholders Value Creation as Compared to Traditional Financial Performance Measures – With Special Reference to the UAE
Authors: Fayed Ahmed Magdy , Dubey Suchi
Published: May 2016

The unawareness of value-based performance measures when allocating investments could lead to destroying value. This paper presents comparison of three groups of performance measures being accounting-traditional measures, market-based measures and value-based measures with special focus on EVA Momentum calculated as (ΔEVA / Trailing Sales). The study covers UAE stock exchanges from 2008 to 2013. A methodology is designed to determine the right transformation of panel data then deciding on the appropriate regression technique among Fixed Effects, Random Effects or Pooled OLS model. Advanced modeling techniques as Driscoll-Kraay and Prais-Winsten models are used to examine serial correlation and heteroskedasticity.
Performance Appraisal Model for Pension Fund: Before and After the Application of Good Pension Fund Governance in the Perspective of Political Economy of Accounting
Authors: Firdiansjah Achmad , Apriyanto Gaguk
Published: May 2016

This research has long-term objective to reconstruct performance appraisal model for pension fund by taking into account the fairness of distribution of power and wealth of related parties, namely the employers, pension fund trustees, and pension fund participants. The specific objective of this research was to elaborate the factors namely fairness of power and wealth distribution of related parties, namely the employers, pension fund trustees, and pension fund participants before and after the implementation of Good Pension Fund Governance (GPFG). This is a descriptive qualitative research by nature using the theory of critical paradigm of Political Economy of Accounting (PEA). Data collection technique in this study was carried out directly and indirectly on the Pension Fund of Merdeka University Malang, Central Association of Pension Fund Indonesia (ADPI), KOMDA VI East Java and surroundings, as well as the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Sources of data for this research were obtained from informants through observation and interviews in the form of both financial data and also non-financial. Results of this study are to formulate performance appraisal model for pension fund before GPFG where the fairness of power and wealth distribution of the employers, pension fund trustees and pension fund participants, including general management, administration of financial and participation as well as accounting and investments, while the formulation of the evaluation model of pension funds performance after GPFG where fairness of power and wealth distribution of the employers, pension fund trustees and pension fund participants including sixteen guidelines for the application of GPFG.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 5
Authors: Zhang Michael
Published: May 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 5
Simultaneous Determination of Sildenafil and Tadalafil in Legal Drugs, Illicit/Counterfeit Drugs, and Wastewater Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Fidan Ali Kemal , Bakirdere Sezgin
Published: May 2016

A sensitive analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil and tadalafil in legal drugs, illicit/counterfeit drugs, and wastewater samples. Chromatographic separation of two analytes was achieved on a C18 column with a mobile phase including 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and acetonitrile (35 + 65, v/v) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Analytes were separated from each other in 6 min with high resolution. LOD/LOQ values were calculated as 28/92 ng/mL for sildenafil citrate and 39/129 ng/mL for tadalafil. Calibration plots for both analytes were linear with correlation coefficients >0.9993. A validated method was successfully applied to legal and illicit erectile-dysfunction drug samples consumed in Istanbul, Turkey, and to wastewater samples. Nine different samples were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative measurement of their ingredients, and the results were compared with the values written on the labels of the drugs. The wastewater sample was also analyzed for its sildenafil and tadalafil content. To calculate the recoveries, a spiking experiment was performed and recovery rates for sildenafil and tadalafil were calculated as 101.30 ± 3.43 and 102.68 ± 1.59, respectively.
Interobserver Variability in the Diagnosis of Uterine High-Grade Endometrioid Carcinoma
Authors: Thomas Sumi , Hussein Yaser , Bandyopadhyay Sudeshna , Cote Michele , Hassan Oudai , Abdulfatah Eman , Alosh Baraa , Guan Hui , Soslow Robert A. , Ali-Fehmi Rouba
Published: May 2016

Context.—Low interobserver diagnostic agreement exists among high-grade endometrial carcinomas.

Objective.—To evaluate diagnostic variability in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma (G3EC) in 2 different sign-out practices.

Design.—Sixty-six G3EC cases were identified from pathology archives of Wayne State University (WSU, Detroit, Michigan) (general surgical pathology sign-out) and 65 from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK, New York, New York) (gynecologic pathology focused sign-out). Each case was reviewed together by 2 gynecologic pathologists, one from each institution, and classified into the G3EC group or a reclassified group. Clinicopathologic parameters were compared.

Results.—Twenty-five WSU cases (38%) were reclassified as undifferentiated (n = 2), serous (n = 4), mixed endometrioid and serous carcinomas (n = 12), and FIGO grade 2 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with focal marked nuclear atypia (n = 7). Eleven MSK cases (17%) were reclassified as undifferentiated (n = 5), serous (n = 1), mixed endometrioid and serous carcinomas (n = 4), and mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas (n = 1). Agreement rate between original and review diagnosis was 83% (54 of 65) at MSK and 62% (41 of 66) at WSU (P = .01) with an overall rate of 73% (95 of 131). There were more undifferentiated carcinomas at MSK than there were at WSU (45% [5 of 11] versus 8% [2 of 25]; P = .02). There were more grade 2 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with focal, marked nuclear atypia at WSU (28%; 7 of 25) than there were at MSK (0%) (P = .03). Mixed endometrioid and serous carcinoma was the most common misclassified subtype (44%; 16 of 36).

Conclusion.—Moderate interobserver variability exists in the diagnosis of G3EC with a significantly greater diagnostic agreement rate in gynecologic pathology–focused sign-out than in general sign-out practice.
Bowie, philosophie intime, per Simon Critchley
Authors: Doménech Antoni
Published: May 2016

Ressenya de Critchley, Simon 2015, Bowie, philosophie intime, París: Éditions La Découverte-Philharmonie de Paris/Cité de la musique, trad. de l’anglès Marc Saint-Upéry. ISBN 978-2-7071-8540-2, 128 pàgines.
RNA Polymerase II cluster dynamics predict mRNA output in living cells
Authors: Cho Won-Ki , Jayanth Namrata , English Brian P , Inoue Takuma , Andrews J Owen , Conway William , Grimm Jonathan B , Spille Jan-Hendrik , Lavis Luke D , Lionnet Timothée , Cisse Ibrahim I
Published: May 2016

Protein clustering is a hallmark of genome regulation in mammalian cells. However, the dynamic molecular processes involved make it difficult to correlate clustering with functional consequences in vivo. We developed a live-cell super-resolution approach to uncover the correlation between mRNA synthesis and the dynamics of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) clusters at a gene locus. For endogenous β-actin genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we observe that short-lived (~8 s) Pol II clusters correlate with basal mRNA output. During serum stimulation, a stereotyped increase in Pol II cluster lifetime correlates with a proportionate increase in the number of mRNAs synthesized. Our findings suggest that transient clustering of Pol II may constitute a pre-transcriptional regulatory event that predictably modulates nascent mRNA output.
An extrasynaptic GABAergic signal modulates a pattern of forward movement in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Shen Yu , Wen Quan , Liu He , Zhong Connie , Qin Yuqi , Harris Gareth , Kawano Taizo , Wu Min , Xu Tianqi , Samuel Aravinthan DT , Zhang Yun
Published: May 2016

As a common neurotransmitter in the nervous system, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulates locomotory patterns in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of GABAergic modulation are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that a GABAergic signal in C. elegans modulates the amplitude of undulatory head bending through extrasynaptic neurotransmission and conserved metabotropic receptors. We show that the GABAergic RME head motor neurons generate undulatory activity patterns that correlate with head bending and the activity of RME causally links with head bending amplitude. The undulatory activity of RME is regulated by a pair of cholinergic head motor neurons SMD, which facilitate head bending, and inhibits SMD to limit head bending. The extrasynaptic neurotransmission between SMD and RME provides a gain control system to set head bending amplitude to a value correlated with optimal efficiency of forward movement.
Determining the utility of veterinary tissue archives for retrospective DNA analysis
Authors: Abed Firas M. , Dark Michael J.
Published: May 2016

Histopathology tissue archives can be an important source of specimens for retrospective studies, as these include samples covering a large number of diseases. In veterinary medicine, archives also contain samples from a large variety of species and may represent naturally-occurring models of human disease. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues comprising these archives are rich resources for retrospective molecular biology studies and pilot studies for biomarkers, as evidenced by a number of recent publications highlighting FFPE tissues as a resource for analysis of specific diseases. However, DNA extracted from FFPE specimens are modified and fragmented, making utilization challenging. The current study examines the utility of FFPE tissue samples from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory archive in five year intervals from 1977 to 2013, with 2015 as a control year, to determine how standard processing and storage conditions has affected their utility for future studies. There was a significant difference in our ability to obtain large amplicons from samples from 2015 than from the remaining years, as well as an inverse correlation between the age of the samples and product size obtainable. However, usable DNA samples were obtained in at least some of the samples from all years tested, despite variable storage, fixation, and processing conditions. This study will help make veterinary diagnostic laboratory archives more useful in future studies of human and veterinary disease.
Tracking tracer motion in a 4‐D electrical resistivity tomography experiment
Authors: Ward W. O. C. , Wilkinson P. B. , Chambers J. E. , Nilsson H. , Kuras O. , Bai L.
Published: May 2016

A new framework for automatically tracking subsurface tracers in electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring images is presented. Using computer vision and Bayesian inference techniques, in the form of a Kalman filter, the trajectory of a subsurface tracer is monitored by predicting and updating a state model representing its movements. Observations for the Kalman filter are gathered using the maximally stable volumes algorithm, which is used to dynamically threshold local regions of an ERT image sequence to detect the tracer at each time step. The application of the framework to the results of 2‐D and 3‐D tracer monitoring experiments show that the proposed method is effective for detecting and tracking tracer plumes in ERT images in the presence of noise, without intermediate manual intervention.
Flexible and Stretchable Strain Sensing Actuator for Wearable Soft Robotic Applications
Authors: Yeo Joo Chuan , Yap Hong Kai , Xi Wang , Wang Zhiping , Yeow Chen‐Hua , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: May 2016

Despite the emergence of flexible and stretchable actuators, few possess sensing capabilities. Here, we present a facile method of integrating a flexible pneumatic actuator with stretchable strain sensor to form a soft sensorized actuator. The elastomeric actuator comprises a microchannel connected to a controlled air source to achieve bending. The strain sensor comprises a thin layer of screen‐printed silver nanoparticles on an elastomeric substrate to achieve its stretchability and flexibility while maintaining excellent conductivity at ≈8 Ω sq–1. By printing a mesh network of conductive structures, our strain sensor is able to detect deformations beyond 20% with a high gauge factor beyond 50 000. The integration of a pneumatic soft actuator with our sensing element enables the measurement of the extent of actuator bending. To demonstrate its potential as a rehabilitation sensing actuator, we fit the sensorized actuator in a glove to further analyze finger kinematics. With this, we are able to detect irregular movement patterns in real time and assess finger stiffness or dexterity.
Side‐Chain Engineering for Enhancing the Properties of Small Molecule Solar Cells: A Trade‐off Beyond Efficiency
Authors: Min Jie , Cui Chaohua , Heumueller Thomas , Fladischer Stefanie , Cheng Xiao , Spiecker Erdmann , Li Yongfang , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: May 2016

Three small molecules with different substituents on bithienyl‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDTT) units, BDTT‐TR (meta‐alkyl side chain), BDTT‐O‐TR (meta‐alkoxy), and BDTT‐S‐TR (meta‐alkylthio), are designed and synthesized for systematically elucidating their structure–property relationship in solution‐processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Although all three molecules show similar molecular structures, thermal properties and optical band gaps, the introduction of meta‐alkylthio‐BDTT as the central unit in the molecular backbone substantially results in a higher absorption coefficient, slightly lower highest occupied molecular orbital level and significantly more efficient and balanced charge transport property. The bridging atom in the meta‐position to the side chain is found to impact the microstructure formation which is a subtle but decisive way: carrier recombination is suppressed due to a more balanced carrier mobility and BDTT based devices with the meta‐alkylthio side chain (BDTT‐S‐TR) show a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE of 9.20%) as compared to the meta‐alkoxy (PCE of 7.44% for BDTT‐TR) and meta‐alkyl spacer (PCE of 6.50% for BDTT‐O‐TR). Density functional density calculations suggest only small variations in the torsion angle of the side chains, but the nature of the side chain linkage is further found to impact the thermal as well as the photostability of corresponding devices. The aim is to provide comprehensive insight into fine‐tuning the structure–property interrelationship of the BDTT material class as a function of side chain engineering.
Photoinduced Ratchet‐Like Rotational Motion of Branched Molecular Crystals
Authors: Zhu Lingyan , Al‐Kaysi Rabih O. , Bardeen Christopher J.
Published: May 2016

Photomechanical molecular crystals can undergo a variety of light‐induced motions, including expansion, bending, twisting, and jumping. The use of more complex crystal shapes may provide ways to turn these motions into useful work. To generate such shapes, pH‐driven reprecipitation has been used to grow branched microcrystals of the anthracene derivative 4‐fluoroanthracenecarboxylic acid. When these microcrystals are illuminated with light of λ=405 nm, an intermolecular [4+4] photodimerization reaction drives twisting and bending of the individual branches. These deformations drive a rotation of the overall crystal that can be repeated over multiple exposures to light. The magnitude and direction of this rotation vary because of differences in the crystal shape, but a typical branched crystal undergoes a 50° net rotation after 25 consecutive irradiations for 1 s. The ability of these crystals to undergo ratchet‐like rotation is attributed to their chiral shape.
Enantioselective Sulfoxidation Catalyzed by a Bisguanidinium Diphosphatobisperoxotungstate Ion Pair
Authors: Ye Xinyi , Moeljadi Adhitya Mangala Putra , Chin Kek Foo , Hirao Hajime , Zong Lili , Tan Choon‐Hong
Published: May 2016

The first enantioselective tungstate‐catalyzed oxidation reaction is presented. High enantioselectivities were achieved for a variety of drug‐like phenyl and heterocyclic sulfides under mild conditions with H2O2, a cheap and environmentally friendly oxidant. Synthetic utility was demonstrated through the preparation of (S)‐Lansoprazole, a commercial proton‐pump inhibitor. The active ion‐pair catalyst was identified to be bisguanidinium diphosphatobisperoxotungstate using Raman spectroscopy and computational studies.
Bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor inhibition induces cleft palate associated with micrognathia and cleft lower lip in mice
Authors: Lai Yongzhen , Xie Changfu , Zhang Shixian , Gan Guowu , Wu Di , Chen Weihui
Published: May 2016

Background

Gain‐of‐ and loss‐of‐function studies have demonstrated that changes in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during embryo development cause craniofacial malformations, including cleft palate. It remains uncertain whether BMP signaling could be targeted pharmacologically to affect craniofacial morphogenesis.

Methods

Pregnant C57Bl/6J mice were treated with the BMP type I receptor inhibitor LDN‐193189 at the dose of 3, 6, or 9 mg/kg twice a day by intraperitoneal injection from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) to E15.5. At E16.5, embryos were investigated by facial measurement analysis and histology to determine the optimal concentration for malformation. Subsequent embryonic phenotypes were analyzed in detail by histology, whole‐mount skeletal staining, micro‐computed tomography, and palatal organic culture. We further used immunohistochemistry to analyze protein expression of the BMP‐mediated canonical and noncanonical signaling components.

Results

The optimal concentration of LDN‐193189 was determined to be 6 mg/kg. In utero, LDN‐193189 exposures induced partial clefting of the anterior palate or complete cleft palate, which was attributed to a reduced cell proliferation rate in the secondary palate, and delayed palatal elevation caused by micrognathia. Analysis of signal transduction in palatal shelves at E12.5 and E13.5 identified a significant reduction of BMP/Smad signaling (p‐Smad1/5/8) and unchanged BMP noncanonical signaling (p‐p38, p‐Erk1/2) after treatment with LDN‐193189.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that LDN‐193189 can be used to manipulate BMP signaling by selectively targeting the BMP/Smad signaling pathway to affect palatal morphogenesis and produce phenotypes mimicking those caused by genetic mutations. This work established a novel mouse model for teratogen‐induced cleft palate. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:612–623, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging of enzyme activity using bio‐LSI system enables simultaneous immunosensing of different analytes in multiple specimens
Authors: Hokuto Toshiki , Yasukawa Tomoyuki , Kunikata Ryota , Suda Atsushi , Inoue Kumi Y. , Ino Kosuke , Matsue Tomokazu , Mizutani Fumio
Published: May 2016

Electrochemical imaging is an excellent technique to characterize an activity of biomaterials, such as enzymes and cells. Large scale integration‐based amperometric sensor (Bio‐LSI) has been developed for the simultaneous and continuous detection of the concentration distribution of redox species generated by reactions of biomolecules. In this study, the Bio‐LSI system was demonstrated to be applicable for simultaneous detection of different anaytes in multiple specimens. The multiple specimens containing human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) and mouse IgG (mIgG) were introduced into each channel of the upper substrate across the antibody lines for hIgG and mIgG on the lower substrate. Hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzyme reaction of glucose oxidase captured at intersections was simultaneously detected by 400 microelectrodes of Bio‐LSI chip. The oxidation current increased with increasing the concentrations of hIgG, which can be detected in the range of 0.01–1.0 µg mL‐1. Simultaneous detection of hIgG and mIgG in multiple specimens was achieved by using line pattern of both antibodies. Therefore, the presence of different target molecules in the multiple samples would be quantitatively and simultaneously visualized as a current image by the Bio‐LSI system.
Causes and factors related to dopamine agonist withdrawal in Parkinson′s disease
Authors: Castro Ester Suárez , Santos‐García Diego , de Deus Fonticoba Teresa , Expósito Ruíz Irene , Tuñas Gesto Cintia , Arribí Mercedes Macías
Published: May 2016

Background

Although dopamine agonists (DAs) are useful in Parkinson′s disease (PD), they are not frequently used in elderly patients due to adverse effects. However, there is a lack of evidence because few elderly PD patients are enrolled in clinical trials.

Aims of the study

The aims of this study were to analyze the reasons of DA withdrawal (DAW) in a group of PD patients in clinical practice and to identify the related factors. Specifically, we studied the effect of age, comorbidity, and polypharmacy as potential risk factors for DAW.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of the follow‐up (from May, 2012 to March, 2015) of a subgroup of PD patients receiving a DA (n = 68; 60.3% males, 69.3 ± 9.2 years old) from a cohort (n = 150) previously studied in detail in 2012 was used to identify predictive factors of DAW.

Results

The DAW percentage was 18.2% (12/66; follow‐up of 690.2 ± 232.6 days). DAW causes were cognitive impairment (3), reduction therapy (3), hallucinations (2), dyskinesia (2), and excessive diurnal somnolence (2). Only a higher levodopa daily dose (HR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001–1.006; P = 0.044) was an independent predictor of DAW after adjustment for other explanatory variables.

Conclusions

The frequency of DAW was low. Advanced age alone is not a contraindication to the administration of DAs.
Kill two birds with one stone: curing accessory pathways and premature ventricular contractions with one ablation
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Ma Ji , Ying Zhiqiang , Bian Chang
Published: May 2016

Key Clinical Message

Radiofrequency catheter ablation has been used for treating cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions and accessory pathway. We report two cases with successful ablation of left‐sided accessory pathways and premature ventricular contractions from mitral annulus with one ablation. To our knowledge, no similar reports have been found so far.
Sulfur and Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Tubes as Bifunctional Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Media
Authors: Sun Tao , Wu Qiang , Jiang Yufei , Zhang Zhiqi , Du Lingyu , Yang Lijun , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng
Published: May 2016

The technological combination of fuel cells with water electrolysis is an ideal approach to address the problems of growing energy needs and environmental pollution, in which exploring cheap and stable electrocatalysts is the main challenge. Sulfur and nitrogen codoped carbon tubes (SNCTs), prepared by annealing the mixture of amorphous carbonaceous tubes and cysteine, are found to be active bifunctional metal‐free electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution in acidic medium. The optimized SNCT catalyst exhibits a record high onset potential of 851 mV (vs. RHE) for oxygen reduction and concurrent a low overpotential of 76 mV for hydrogen evolution, with superior stability and low cost. The SNCT electrocatalyst could have great potential in proton exchange membrane fuel cells and water splitting devices.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Approach for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzodiazepines Using Transfer Hydrogenation by Chiral Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Horiguchi Kosaku , Yamamoto Eri , Saito Kodai , Yamanaka Masahiro , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: May 2016

Asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydrobenzodiazepines was achieved by transfer hydrogenation of dihydrobenzodiazepines with benzothiazoline having a hydrogen‐bonding donor substituent by means of a newly synthesized chiral phosphoric acid. This method was applicable to various racemic dihydrobenzodiazepines to give the corresponding products in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities taking advantage of the dynamic kinetic resolution. Furthermore, the effect of bulky substituent at 3,3′‐position on the catalyst and hydrogen‐bonding donor substituent on benzothiazoline was fully elucidated by the theoretical study.
ChemInform Abstract: DISTRIBUTION OF CALCIUM ION IN THE CRYSTAL OF THE MAGNESIUM TITANIUM OXIDE‐CALCIUM TITANIUM OXIDE (MGTIO3‐CATIO3) SYSTEM
Authors: NAGATA E. , TANAKA J. , TSUTSUMI M. , BANNAI E.
Published: May 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung hochwertiger Filter für Mikrowellenresonatoren werden Kristalle der Zusammensetzung (MgO0.96Ca0.04))TiO3 gezogen (travelling‐solvent‐floating‐ Zone‐Methode) und die Verteilung des CaTiO3 in den Kristallen durch SEM‐ und Elektronenstrahlmikroanalysen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SINGLE‐STEP LITHIUM‐ION EXCHANGE ON α‐HAFNIUM PHOSPHATE
Authors: TOMITA I. , MAGAMI K. , WATANABE H. , SUZUKI K. , NAKAMURA T.
Published: May 2016

Die pH‐Titrationskurven für die Hin‐ und Rückreaktion des Li+ Austauschs an kristallinem Hf(HPO4)2·H2O zeigen, daß die Hinreaktion im Gegensatz zur entsprechenden Reaktion in Zr(HPO4)2·H2O einstufig ist.
ChemInform Abstract: DISSOLUTION OF HYDRIDES OF TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM BY HYDROGEN RELEASE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
Authors: STREB B. , BRAUER E.
Published: May 2016

In Hinblick auf die Anwendung zur H2‐Speicherung oder als Reaktormaterial (Zr‐hydrid) wird die bei 100°C einsetzende Desorption des H2 aus den Titelhydriden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: WATER OXIDATION TO OXYGEN BY CERIUM(IV) IONS MEDIATED BY RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE CATALYST
Authors: KIWI J. , GRAETZEL M. + , BLONDEEL G.
Published: May 2016

Es wird gezeigt, daß Ce(IV)‐Ionen in Gegenwart des Katalysators RuO2 in 0.5 mol dm‐3 H2SO4‐Lösung H2O zu O2 oxidieren.
ChemInform Abstract: THE FORMATION AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROUS LEAD(II) OXIDE PREPARED BY THE ALKOXIDE METHOD
Authors: NARITA E. , KOBAYASHI M. , SHINJO H. , TSUCHIDA H. , NAITO H.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydrolyse von Pb(II)‐isopropoxid durch H2O‐Zusatz wird bez. der Einflüsse der Temp., der Hydrolysegeschwindigkeit, von Animpfungen sowie zugesetzter Anionen auf die Bildung von hydratisiertem PbO untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CESIUM AND LANTHANIDE CHROMATOMOLYBDATES OF THE CSLN((MOO4)1.5(CRO4)0.5) COMPOSITION
Authors: EVDOKIMOV A. A. , PROSKURYAKOVA E. V. , FOMICHEV V. V.
Published: May 2016

Durch Glühen von CsCrO4, MoO3 und Ln2O3 (Ln = La bis Lu) bei 400°C für mindestens 200 h werden die Titelverbindungen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION BETWEEN URANIUM TETRAFLUORIDE OXIDE AND THE PENTAFLUORIDES OF ARSENIC, NIOBIUM, TANTALUM, AND BISMUTH
Authors: HOLLOWAY J. H. , LAYCOCK D. , BOUGON R.
Published: May 2016

Während AsFs mit UF4O gar nicht reagiert, werden beim Erwärmen der Lösungen von UF4O und des entsprechenden Pentafluorids im Überschuß in wasserfreiem HF oder durch Umsetzen des Oxidtetrafluorids mit einem Pentafluorid‐Überschuß in der Schmelze (50‐60°C, 200 Torr Ar) die Addukte (III) und (V) (keine Ausb.‐Angaben) als gelbe oder orangefarbene Festkörper erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF (M(H2O)6)(SBF4)2 CRYSTALS (M = NICKEL, COPPER)
Authors: SHCHEGOLEVA T. M. , ISKHAKOVA L. D. , OVANESYAN S. M. , SHAKHNAZARYAN A. A. , TRUNOV V. K.
Published: May 2016

Durch das Verfahren der isothermen Verdunstung von MF2‐SbF3·H2O Lösungen werden Kristalle der bereits bekannten Verbindungen [Mg(H2O)6](SbF4), erhalten und ihre Kristallstruktur ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: DOUBLE POTASSIUM AND COPPER PYROPHOSPHATE
Authors: SOKOLOVA I. D. , SHARPATAYA G. A. , SHAPLYGIN I. S. , MARKINA I. B.
Published: May 2016

Das Doppelpyrophosphat K2CuP2O7 wird durch längeres Glühen und Zusammenschmelzen der Reaktionsprodukte des Gemisches aus CuO und KH2PO4 erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW OXOCUPRATES. I. CESIUM OXOCUPRATE (CS3CU5O4), RUBIDIUM POTASSIUM OXOCUPRATES (RB2KCU5O4 AND RBK2CU5O4), AND POTASSIUM OXOCUPRATE (K3CU5O4)
Authors: HOPPE R. , LOSERT W.
Published: May 2016

Cs3Cu5O4 , Rb2KCu5O4, RbK2Cu5O4 und K3Cu5O4 werden durch Erhitzen entsprechender inniger Gemenge der Oxide KO0.52, RbO0.57, CsO0.79 und Cu2O als hellgelbe Pulver oder Einkristalle neu dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ZERO‐CURRENT ION TRANSPORT AND POTENTIOMETRY ON MEMBRANES CONTAINING CHROMOIONOPHORES FOR LITHIUM(1+) AND URANYL(2+)
Authors: VILLIGER A. , MORF W. E. , SIMON W.
Published: May 2016

( ;z.B. durch PVC‐Membranen, die als Ionophor (I) enthalten, in Gegenwart von lipophilen Anionen wie z.B. Tetra(p‐chlorphenyl)borat.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND POTENTIOMETRIC STUDY OF METAL COMPLEXES OF BIS(3‐(((2‐HYDROXY‐5‐METHYLBENZYL)AMINO)METHYL)‐2‐HYDROXY‐5‐METHYLBENZYL)AMINE‐N,N′,N′′‐TRIACETIC ACID
Authors: YOSHIDA I. , MOTEKAITIS R. J. , MARTELL A. E.
Published: May 2016

Der neue vielzähnige Titelligand (I), der vier p‐Kresoleinheiten besitzt, die durch drei N,N‐Dimethylenglycin‐Brücken miteinander verbunden sind, wird aus dem Handelsprodukt "Hamplex", einer oligomeren Mischung verwandter Verbindungen, isoliert und seine Komplexbildung mit Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Fe(III), Ga(III) und In(III) in wäßriger Lösung untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MACROCYCLIC COMPLEXES OF LANTHANIDES: STABILITY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR IN METHANOL AND PROPYLENE CARBONATE
Authors: ALMASIO M.‐C. , ARNAUD‐NEU F. , SCHWING‐WEILL M.‐J.
Published: May 2016

Die Stabilitätskonstanten der Komplexe der dreiwertigen Metalle La, Pr, Nd und Sm‐Yb mit (I) und (II) in wasserfreiem MeOH und Propylencarbonat wurden bei 25°C mittels potentiometrischer Methoden unter Verwendung von H+ und Ag+ als Hilfskationen und [NEt4]ClO4 als Trägerelektrolyt bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL ISOMERIZATION OF SULFINE
Authors: NAKAMURA K. , SHIZUME Y. , SUGIYAMA T. , OHNO A. , OKA S.
Published: May 2016

Das E‐Sulfin (I) wird elektrochemisch an der Anode zu einem Gemisch aus E‐ (I) und Z‐Form (II) isomerisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: FAVORSKII REACTIONS OF THE ENOLIZABLE CYCLOBUTANONES: DEPENDENCE OF THE STEREOSELECTIVITY ON THE LEAVING GROUP, THE TEMPERATURE AND THE SOLVENT
Authors: MARTIN P.
Published: May 2016

Die baseninduzierte Ringverengung der Cyclobutanone (II) [von denen (IIa) und (IIb) aus (I) dargestellt wurden] zu den Cyclopropancarbonsäuren (IV) bzw. (V) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: UNFUSED HETEROBICYCLES AS AMPLIFIERS OF PHLEOMYCIN. VII. SOME TRIAZOLYL‐, THIADIAZOLYL‐ AND OXADIAZOLYLPYRIDINES AND RELATED PYRIMIDINES
Authors: BROWN D. J. , COWDEN W. B.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese einiger Triazolyl‐, Thiadiazolyl‐ und Oxadiazolylpyridine bzw. ‐pyrimidine wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF SULFINES BY ALKYLIDENATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE USING α‐SILYL CARBANIONS
Authors: PORSKAMP P. A. T. W. , VAN DER LEIJ M. , LAMMERINK B. H. M. , ZWANENBURG B.
Published: May 2016

Die Carbanionen der Trimethylsilyl‐Derivate (IIa) bis (IIh) der entsprechenden aktiven Methylenverhindungen (I) addieren SO2 unter Bildung von Sulfinsäure‐Anionen, die Me3SiO‐ eliminieren und in die Sulfine (IIIa) his (IIIh) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPROPABENZYNES: GENERATION AND TRAPPING
Authors: HALTON B. , RANDALL C. J.
Published: May 2016

Milde Basenbehandluxmg des Bromcyclopropabenzols (I) ergibt das Cyclopropadehydrobenzol (II), das mit Furan (III) zum Addukt (IV) abgefangen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF THE FREE ION OF FLUORENONE RADICAL ANION IN TETRAHYDROFURAN BY THE FLASH PHOTOLYSIS OF THE SULFONYL CARBANIONS
Authors: NISHI S. , MATSUDA M.
Published: May 2016

Durch Blitz‐Photolyse der Salze (I) in Gegenwart von fluorenon (II) werden die Radikalionen (III) erzeugt, die als freie Anionen oder in Kontakt Ionenpaaren vorliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE METHOD FOR THE OXIDATIVE REMOVAL OF BENZYL ETHERS: THE OXIDATION OF BENZYL ETHERS TO BENZOATES BY RUTHENIUM TETRAOXIDE
Authors: SCHUDA P. F. , CICHOWICZ M. B. , HEIMANN M. R.
Published: May 2016

Benzylether wie (I) werden durch Rutheniumtetroxid zu entsprechenden Benzoaten wie (II) sowie Benzoesäure (III) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SUPPORTED PALLADIUM CATALYSTS FOR THE REDUCTION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE TO SODIUM FORMATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND ONE ATMOSPHERE OF HYDROGEN
Authors: STALDER C. J. , CHAO S. , SUMMERS D. P. , WRIGHTON M. S.
Published: May 2016

Pd/C‐ oder Pd/Al2O3 ‐Katalysatoren und besonders Pd in einem Redoxpolymer auf einer W‐Elektrode führen im Verlauf der Titelreaktion zu einem Bicarbonat/Formiat‐Verhältnis von 1/1, wobei der Umsatz/h bis zu 9.8 mol/mol Pd und der Gesamtumsatz bis 480 mol/mol Pd betragen.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF NITROGEN FUNCTIONAL GROUPS WITH ELEMENTAL SULFUR IN LIQUID AMMONIA AND AMINES
Authors: SATO R. , KAWASAKI R. , TAKAHASHI H. , YAMAICHI S. , SAITO M.
Published: May 2016

Die Verwendung von Schwefel in flüssigem Ammoniak als Reduktionsmittel wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ORTHO‐AMINATION OF LITHIATED TERTIARY BENZAMIDES. SHORT ROUTE TO POLYSUBSTITUTED ANTHRANILAMIDES
Authors: REED J. N. , SNIECKUS V.
Published: May 2016

Benzamide (I) werden in o‐Stellung zu (II) metalliert.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW ONE‐POT METHOD FOR α,α‐DIALLYLATION OF KETONES BASED ON THE PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED REACTION OF ALLYLIC CARBONATES AND ALLYL β‐OXO CARBOXYLATES UNDER NEUTRAL CONDITIONS
Authors: SHIMIZU I. , OHASHI Y. , TSUJI J.
Published: May 2016

2‐Cyclohexanon‐carbonsäureallylester (I) wird mit Diallylcarbonat in Gegenwart von Pd(0)‐Katalysatoren sowie verschiedener Liganden (III) in unterschiedliche Allylierungsprodukte (IV)‐(VI) übergeführt, deren Anteile durch die Liganden (III) bedingt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: UNSYMMETRICAL KETONE SYNTHESIS VIA PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED CARBONYLATION OF ORGANIC HALIDES
Authors: TAMARU Y. , OCHIAI H. , YAMADA Y. , YOSHIDA Z.
Published: May 2016

In Gegenwart von Pd‐Katalysatoren werden Arylhalogenide (I) und die Halogenide (II) oder auch Benzylhalogenide (V) in Gegenwart von CO in Ketone (III) bzw. (VI) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐LITHIOENAMINES. PART 2. REACTION WITH VARIOUS ELECTROPHILES
Authors: DUHAMEL L. , POIRIER J.‐M. , TEDGA N.
Published: May 2016

Die entsprechenden Lithio‐enamine (I) setzen sich mit DMF zu den Aldehyden (II), mit Pivaloylchlorid zu den Ketonen (IV), mit Diethylcarbonyl zu den Estern (V) und mit den Chloralkylbromiden (VII) zu den ω‐Chlor‐enaminen (VIII) um.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF T‐BUTYL 3‐OXOPENT‐4‐ENOATE AND ITS USE AS A NAZAROV REAGENT
Authors: OHTA S. , SHIMABAYASHI A. , HATANO S. , OKAMOTO M.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung von Lithioessigsäure‐tert.‐butylester (I) mit 3‐Chlorpropionsäureester (II) führt zum Keton (III), das mit Base zum ungesättigten Keton (IV) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF N,N‐DIALKYLPROPANESULFENAMIDES AND ‐BENZENESULFENAMIDES
Authors: IKEHIRA H. , TANIMOTO S.
Published: May 2016

Disulfide (I) werden mit Lithium‐dialkylamiden (II) in Sulfenamide (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: A SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO 3‐(METHYLTHIO)‐2‐ALKANONES STARTING FROM 3‐ALKYL‐2,4‐PENTANEDIONES
Authors: OGURA K. , SANADA K. , TAKAHASHI K. , IIDA H.
Published: May 2016

Die Thioether‐ketone (IV) werden aus den substituierten Diketonen (I) mit dem Thiosulfonat (II) über die Zwischenstufen (III) erhalten, die bei Verwendung von Kaliumcarbonat als Base auch isoliert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF SULFIDE BY ARIO‐METALLOPORPHYRIN SYSTEM ‐ AN ENZYME MODEL S‐OXIDATION
Authors: TAKATA T. , TAJIMA R. , ANDO W.
Published: May 2016

Die Sulfide (I) werden durch Iodosobenzol (II) in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von Mangan‐ oder Eisen‐porphyrin‐Komplex (III) selektiv zu den Sulfoxiden (IV) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE OXYGENATION OF α‐ISOPHORONE AND ITS SILYL ENOL ETHER WITH TERT‐BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF METAL CATALYSTS
Authors: HOSOKAWA T. , INUI S. , MURAHASHI S.‐I.
Published: May 2016

α‐Isophoron (I) wird durch tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid in Gegenwart von Palladiumacetat/Triethylamin oder von Kupfer(I)‐chlorid zu dem Ketoisophoron (II) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Cycloheptatrienes with Sulfur Functional Groups.
Authors: OKAZAKI R. , O‐OKA M. , TOKITOH N. , SHISHIDO Y. , HASEGAWA T. , INAMOTO N.
Published: May 2016

Aus den bekannten Cycloheptatrien‐Derivaten (Ia) und (Id) weiden auf den im Formelschema skizzierten Wegen die sehwefelhaltigen Derivate (Ib), (Ic), (Ie), (III), (VIa) und (VIb) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PHOTOLYSIS OF 1‐AZIDO‐4‐METHYLBICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANE AND 1‐AZIDOADAMANTANE IN LOW‐TEMPERATURE MATRIXES
Authors: DUNKIN I. R. , SHIELDS C. J. , QUAST H. , SEIFERLING B.
Published: May 2016

Die beiden Azide (I) bzw. (III) werden in einer Stickstoff‐ oder Argen‐Matrix bei 12 K bestrahlt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW TRIMER OF NORBORNADIENE
Authors: DZHEMILEV U. M. , KHUSNUTDINOV R. I. , DOKICHEV V. A. , TOLSTIKOV G. A. , NEFEDOV O. M.
Published: May 2016

Durch Erwärmen von Norbornadien (I) in Gegenwart eines Katalysators aus Cobalt‐diacetat, 1,2‐Bis‐diphenylphosphin‐ethan und Diethyl‐aluminiumchlorid entsteht mit 93 %iger Ausbeute ein Gemisch aus den dimeren Verbindungen (II), (III) und (IV) sowie ein neues Trimeres (V) im Verhältnis 73% : 9% : 9% : 9%.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHETIC METHOD FOR UNSYMMETRICAL α‐AMINOAZINES BY THE REACTION OF ALDEHYDE ARENESULFONYL HYDRAZONES WITH α‐AMINO‐α‐ARYLACETONITRILES
Authors: TAKAHASHI K. , KURITA H. , OGURA K. , IIDA H.
Published: May 2016

Die α‐Amino‐acetonitrile (I) reagieren mit den Arylsulfonylhydrazonen aromatischer Aldehyde(II) unter Bildung der unsymmetrischen Azine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIALLERGENIC PROPERTIES OF 3‐N‐PENTADECYL‐ AND 3‐N‐HEPTADECYLCATECHOL ESTERS
Authors: EISOHLY M. A. , BENIGNI D. A. , TORRES L. , WATSON E. S.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Phenol (Ia) werden über das Bromid (Ib) und das Phosphoniumsalz (Ic) die Olefine (III) erhalten, die zu (IVa) hydriert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐SUBSTITUTED N‐((DIMETHYLAMINO)METHYL)BENZAMIDES: NEW COMPOUNDS
Authors: ZANATTA N. , RITTNER R.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Benzamiden (I) werden durch Mannich‐Einhorn‐Reaktion die Dimethyl‐aminomethyl‐Derivate (IV) hergestellt, die als Lokalanästhetica geprüft werden sollen.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐SUBSTITUTION OF 2‐ALKENOIC ESTERS VIA α‐CARBANION INTERMEDIATES
Authors: SATO Y. , TAKEUCHI S.
Published: May 2016

Die Addition von silyliertem Lithiumenolat (II) an Aldehyde (I) führt zu 2‐Silyl‐2‐alkensäureestern (III), die mit Tetrabutylammoniumfluorid in Gegenwart von Wasser zu 2‐Alkensäureestern (IV) desilyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOARENES, A NEW CLASS OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. I. SYNTHESIS OF KEKULENE
Authors: STAAB H. A. , DIEDERICH F.
Published: May 2016

Die Darstellung der Titelverbindung (IX) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKALINE FLUORIDE‐M‐CHLOROPEROXYBENZOIC ACID SYSTEMS AS MODULATED OXIDATION REAGENTS: EPOXIDATION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED ACETALS
Authors: CAMPS F. , COLL J. , MESSEGUER A. , PUJOL F.
Published: May 2016

Die ungesättigten Acetale (I) lassen sich mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure in Gegenwart von Natriumfluorid/Kaliumfluorid in hohen Ausbeuten zu Epoxiden (II) oxidieren.
ChemInform Abstract: THIA‐ AND DITHIADILACTONIZATIONS OF UNSATURATED BICYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: TOLSTIKOV G. A. , LERMAN B. M. , KOMISSAROVA N. G.
Published: May 2016

Läßt man auf die Norbornen‐carbonsäuren (I) Schwefeldichlorid einwirken, so erhält man die Dilactano‐sulfide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: BASE‐CATALYZED CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION REACTIONS OF Ω‐HYDROXY LACTAMS
Authors: SPECKAMP W. N. , DE BOER J. J. J.
Published: May 2016

Untersucht wird die Kondensation von ω‐Hydroxylactamen mit aktiven Methylenverbindungen ‐ den Methylketonen (II), Acetessigester bzw. Acetylaceton (IV) und Nitromethan ‐ in basischem Milieu.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF AZLACTONES, POTENTIAL AZOMETHINE YLIDES, TO SOME ELECTROPHILIC ALKENES IN ACETIC ANHYDRIDE: FORMATION OF N‐ACETYL 2‐PYRROLINES AND PYRROLES
Authors: YEBDRI O. , TEXIER F.
Published: May 2016

Die Carbonsäuren (I) bilden in Acetanhydrid die Azlactone (III), welche mit Alkenen des Typs (II) weiterreagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: A SILYL‐FUNCTIONALIZED ALKYL AZIDE, TRIMETHYLSILYLMETHYL AZIDE; SYNTHESIS AND CYCLOADDITION REACTION TO ACETYLENIC DIPOLAROPHILES
Authors: TSUGE O. , KANEMASA S. , MATSUDA K.
Published: May 2016

Das aus Chlormethyltrimethylsilan (I) durch Umsetzung mit Natriumazid herstellbare, gefahrlos destillierbare Azid (II) reagiert mit Acetylenen (III) unter Addition und Bildung von Triazolen (IV) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: RING TRANSFORMATION FROM ISOTHIAZOLE TO 1,2,4‐THIADIAZOLE ‐ POSSIBLE INTERMEDIACY OF Π‐SULFURANE
Authors: AKIBA K. , NODA A. , OHKATA K.
Published: May 2016

Die Amino‐isothiazole (I) reagieren mit den Nitrilen (II) bzw. den Imidaten (V) unter Umlagerung zu den Thiadiazolen (III) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: NEWER FORMAZANS AND TETRAZOLIUM INDOLES AS POTENTIAL CNS‐ACTIVE AGENTS
Authors: SATHI G. , GUJRATI V. R. , NATH C. , AGARWAL J. C. , BHARGAVA K. P. , SHANKER K.
Published: May 2016

Die aus Indol‐3‐aldehyd (I) mit den Phenylhydrazinen (II) leicht zugänglichen Phenylhydrazone (III) kuppeln mit den Aryldiazoniumchloriden (IV) zu den Formazanen (V), die sich mit H2O2 zu den Tetrazoliumsalzen (VI) cyclisieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: BUTENOLIDE SYNTHESES. II. SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF 4‐SUBSTITUTED 2,2‐DIETHOXY‐5‐ALKYLIDENE‐2,5‐DIHYDROFURANS, 3‐SUBSTITUTED 4‐ALKYLIDENE‐2‐BUTEN‐4‐OLIDES AND 5,6‐DIHYDRO‐2‐PYRONES
Authors: SAALFRANK R. W. , SCHIERLING P. , HAFNER W.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung des Phosphorylids (II) mit den Diketonen (I) führt über die Phosphorane (III) mit anschließender intramolekularer Wittig‐Reaktion zu den Furanderivaten (IV), deren Hydrolyse die Butenolide (V) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW DONORS WITH TWO‐ELECTRON OXIDATION. SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY CONJUGATED BIS(4H‐THIOPYRANS) AND BIS(FLAVENES)
Authors: CHEN C. H. , DONEY J. J. , REYNOLDS G. A. , SAEVA F. D.
Published: May 2016

trans‐1,4‐Dichlor‐2‐buten (I) liefert den Bis‐phosphonester (III), der mit den Aldehyden (IV) bzw. (VI) in Polyene (V) bzw. (VII) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT GENERAL METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF α‐QUATERNARY NITRILES INTO AMIDES
Authors: MANDAL A. N. , RAYCHAUDHURI S. R. , CHATTERJEE A.
Published: May 2016

Tert. Nitrile des Typs (II) ergeben nach Umwandlung in Imidester‐hydrochloride (III) bei der Hydrolyse mit Säuren Methylester (IV), dagegen mit Wasser vorwiegend Amide (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE (4+2)‐CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF AROMATIC THIONES WITH MALEIC ANHYDRIDE, NORBORNENE, AND NORBORNADIENE
Authors: OHMURA H. , MOTOKI S.
Published: May 2016

Die Cycloadditionen der aromatischen Thione (I),(IV), (VI) und (VIII) mit den Dienophilen (II) zu den kondensierten Thiopyranen (III), (V), (VII) bzw. (IX) werden beschrieben.