bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal and perinatal outcome in patients of preeclampsia with and without HELLP syndrome
Authors: Madge Hritul , Seth Sunita
Published: April 2019

Background: Preeclampsia is seen in about 5-10% of all pregnancies and HELLP Syndrome occurs in 6-12% of these patients. Both are known to increase maternal and perinatal morbidity. The study aims to provide a comprehensive view of these myriad outcomes in the mother and neonate both, in each of the groups. It also compares the incidence of such outcomes in mother and child, in preeclampsia only and in those complicated by HELLP syndrome.Methods: This prospective, observational, comparative study was conducted at a tertiary referral centre. 55 patients with preeclampsia were compared with 55 patients with HELLP syndrome. The relevant clinical features, laboratory investigations and the maternal and perinatal outcomes along with the incidence were studied and results analyzed.Results: Significant differences were observed in laboratory parameters and duration of ICU stay in patients with preeclampsia and patients with HELLP syndrome. Incidence of maternal complications and need for blood transfusion was greater in HELLP syndrome. Only marginal differences were observed in birth weight, NICU admission rates and neonatal mortality rates.Conclusions: HELLP syndrome is associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality as compared to preeclampsia. Neonatal outcomes appear to be influenced; only marginally, by HELLP syndrome, nevertheless, their incidence is more than in preeclampsia. Aggressive treatment for pregnant women appears to decrease the maternal mortality rate.
Self limiting fetal bradycardia associated with maternal evidence of dengue and chikungunya virus co-infection: a case report
Authors: Goel Alka , Narain Anupriya , Goel Atul
Published: April 2019

Dengue and chikungunya infections are commonly encountered by the clinicians in a tropical country like India. We report this case to emphasize the rare manifestations of self-limiting intrapartum bradycardia in fetuses of chikungunya and dengue infected mothers. A primigravida at 32 weeks of gestation presented with history of fever for one day. The blood investigations were positive for both dengue and chikungunya virus infection. On the third day of fever, NST showed a low baseline fetal heart rate of 95 to 100 beats per minute but good beat to beat variability and three accelerations in 10 minutes. This pattern persisted for 48 hours. Although, the finding initially appeared alarming, the change in baseline heart rate of fetus was transient and self-limiting and recovered completely. Hence, a judicious approach and close fetal surveillance can avoid hasty decisions regarding an early termination of pregnancy.
Bilateral Brenner tumor of ovary with associated unilateral mucinous cystadenoma: a case report
Authors: Mittal Natasha , Das Bhaskar , Manuja Seema , Gupta Renu
Published: April 2019

Brenner tumors are rare ovarian tumors, which are a subgroup of transitional cell tumors of ovary. Most of these tumors are benign presenting as incidental unilateral masses in postmenopausal age group. Only 5-7% cases are bilateral. These tumors are mostly small, solid and asymptomatic, seen commonly in association with mucinous cystadenomas of ovary. In such cases they may attain a massive size. Specific diagnosis of Brenner tumor is difficult using imaging studies and can be definitely diagnosed only on pathological examination. Surgical removal is usually curative for benign tumors. We present a rare case of bilateral Brenner tumor of ovary with associated unilateral mucinous cystadenoma in which bilateral Brenner tumor was a rare incidental finding on pathological examinatio
Adjuvant urokinase: percutaneous drainage of post lower segment cesarean section intra-abdominal abscess
Authors: Khade Shweta Avinash , Jadhav Balaji , Meena Preeti
Published: April 2019

The mortality in abdominal abscess is high, however the outcome has improved due to advances in image guided percutaneous interventional techniques. The main indications for the catheter drainage include treatment or palliation of sepsis associated with an infected fluid collection, and alleviation of the symptoms that may be caused by fluid collections by virtue of their size, and site.  The single abscesses may be drained with ultrasound guidance only, whereas the multiple abscesses usually require computed tomography (CT) guidance and placement of multiple catheters.  Percutaneous drainage provides an effective and safe alternative to more invasive surgical drainage but the success rate is lower for abscesses that have septa and are multilocular. Several clinical and in vitro studies suggest urokinase may be useful in such cases. To the knowledge, however, there has been no case of post LSCS intra-abdominal abscess in which intracavitary urokinase was administered. Therefore, we report a case of post LSCS multiseptated intra-abdominal abscess occurring in a 21-year-female. Conventional percutaneous tube drainage failed, but the use of transcatheter intracavitary urokinase was successful.  Our results showed no significant change in hematologic studies and no bleeding complications. Intracavitary urokinase can be given safely during percutaneous drainage of an abscess, with no associated bleeding complications or changes in coagulation parameters.
Feto-maternal haemorrhage: a review after and a case report
Authors: Bhandari Ruchi , Khemani Manju , Mustafa Asif
Published: April 2019

Feto-maternal haemorrhage is the transmission of fetal blood cells to the maternal blood stream. It is quite common in small volumes- occurring in most pregnancies. Large volumes of feto-maternal haemorrhage can have serious consequences. Some risk factors are identified, but they are not always present. Decreased perception of fetal movements is most important clinical sign, together with a pathological NST. Prompt diagnosis and immediate obstetric care is fundamental, as serious risk to the fetus might result from this condition. Author described the case report of 35 years old G3P1L1A1 with 37 weeks 5 days pregnancy, who came in outpatient department with reduced perception of fetal movements during the previous 10 hours. There was no history of abdominal trauma. Cardiotocograph showed nonreactive NST with minimal beat to beat variability for more than 40minutes. An emergency caesarean section was performed and a female limp baby delivered with heart rate <60/minutes, pale, no respiration and no reflexes. Baby resuscitated with bag and tube ventilated. APGAR score was 3/5/6 at 0, 1, and 5 minutes. Fetal haemoglobin at the first hour of life was 3.0gm/dl. Kleihauer-Betke test revealed 265.7ml of fetal erythrocytes in the maternal blood stream. Despite being rare, it is important to detect a massive feto-maternal haemorrhage. Fetal anemia could be suspected, but the diagnosis was only made after delivery. This case reveals the importance of keeping a high suspicion in obstetric practice, as feto-maternal haemorrhage is a rare but potentially catastrophic event for a fetus.
Examine the impact of the implementation of an electronic medical record system on operating theatre efficiency at a teaching hospital in Australia
Authors: Chuang Tzu-Yi (Arron) , Yii Nathan , Nyandowe Masimba , Iyer Ramesh
Published: April 2019

Background: The utilization of electronic medical record (EMR) system has become the mainstay of healthcare system in developed countries. In the last five years, Queensland Health has gradually implemented EMR system for hospitals in Queensland, Australia. As far as we are aware, no study has been conducted to assess the impact of the EMR implementation on operating theatre efficiency in Australia.Methods: A retrospective review of general surgery operating room on time start data was performed for a period of 2 months prior and 2 months following implementation of the EHR. A delay was defined as the time between the scheduled start time and “first in” times. Outcomes measured included the total number of sessions run, number of sessions starting late, average delay time and case cancellations.Results: During the EMR training period, the number of sessions which had delayed increased from 13.2％ to 31.0%. Following implementation of the EMR, delays were present for 88% of sessions for the first month with an average delay time of 21.8 minutes. The second month showed an overall improvement with 69% of sessions delayed and a reduced average delay time of 10.4mins.Conclusions: The implementation of a new electronic medical record system is associated with delays in theatre start times especially during the training period and first month of use. Evidence of recovery of service efficiency however is seen by the second month post-implementation with further expected improvement if trends continue.
Advantage of fundus first method over conventional approach in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Mishra Braja Mohan , Guru Rabi Narayana , Kar Sunil Kumar
Published: April 2019

Background: Fundus first method is a widely accepted and practiced procedure in open cholecystectomy to deal the difficult cases but laparoscopic surgeons still have reserved opinion regarding use of fundus first approach in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC). As in open cholecystectomy fundus first laparoscopic cholecystectomy (FFC) can have advantages over conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) in DLC. So many preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative information were collected in both CLC and FFC and compared to evaluate whether FFC has any advantage over CLC in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: A total 73 cases were included in the study that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for gall stone diseases and intraoperatively found to be difficult cases. They were distributed into 4 classes i.e. Class I, Class II, Class III and Class IV according to the type of difficulty encountered during surgery.Results: Out of the 73 patients 24 were male and 49 were Female. Age of patient ranged from 14 to 70 years with mean age of 42.64 years. Out of 38 cases operated with FFC 6 cases (15.78%) needed conversion to open cholecystectomy as compared to 26 out of 35 (71.14%) cases that underwent CLC where conversion was done. Mean duration of hospital stay is 4.19±3.053. Mean hospital stay in FFC is 2.58±1.869 days and that of CLC is 5.14±3.143 which is clearly much higher and statistically significant (p< 0.001) than mean hospital stay in case of FFC.Conclusions: FFC has advantages over CLC in difficult LC i.e. reduced conversion rate, lesser hospital stay and less duration of antibiotic use.
Incisional hernia: predictive factors, clinical presentation and management
Authors: Daware Ankit , Akhtar Murtaza , Zaki Bellary Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Background: Incisional hernia is an iatrogenic complication of abdominal surgery and an important cause of morbidity. It occurs in 11-20% of the patients after abdominal surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate predictive factors associated with causation of incisional hernia, clinical presentation, modalities of management and their post-operative complications.Methods: In a hospital based observational study, the subjects were diagnosed cases of incisional hernias with or without comorbidities undergoing planned or emergency surgeries. Patients unfit for anaesthesia were excluded. Predictive factors studied were multiparity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, postoperative wound infection, retention of urine and cough. Time of onset of incisional hernia after initial abdominal surgery, type of abdominal incision was recorded. Local examination of hernia was done to record the position, size, cough impulse, and reducibility of hernia. Patients were either managed by open or laparoscopic approach which was compared with respect to post-repair complications and recurrence.Results: Total of 64 patients were enrolled with mean age of 48.3 and SD ± 8.82 years. Incisional hernia was more common in middle-aged patients (31-50 yrs) and in females. Majority of hernias have occurred within one year (73.43%) of previous surgery. Commonest predictive factors were midline high BMI (87.5%), multiparity (64.06%), infraumbilical incision (59.37%) and postoperative surgical site infection (56.25%). Laparoscopic repair was done in 5 patients (7.83%) and was not associated with any complications while in rest 59 patients (92.17%) treated by open repair, seroma and SSI were common complications. On mean follow up of 34.8months there was 1 recurrence observed in open onlay repair.Conclusions:Middle age females with multiparity with BMI>25 having midline infraumbilical incision with history of SSI commonly developed incisional hernia in first year of previous surgery. Laparoscopic repair had no complications or recurrence.
Study of demographic determinants of H. pylori infection and the implications on endoscopic findings
Authors: Saxena M. K. , Rana Rooman Ahmad , Gupta Ashutosh , Ahmad Ausaf
Published: April 2019

Background: Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in management of dyspepsia, as well as being a known carcinogenic risk factor. It is ubiquitously present in community to the extent of 50-80% in different studies depending upon the sampling from an urban area or a rural area, as well as socio-economic factors, as also the fact it is a risk factor for carcinoma in elderly age group and Peptic ulcer disease in relatively younger population. The study aimed at studying demographic profile in terms of the age and gender of patients, ascertaining its correlation with H. pylori.Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study based on the upper GI endoscopies carried out in the institution. The period covered was from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were well defined. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 16.0 Chi-Square was applied.Results: This is a retrospective descriptive study based on the upper GI endoscopies carried out in the institution. The period covered was from 01 Jan 2018 to 31 Dec 2018. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were well defined. Statistical Analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 16.0 Chi-Square was applied.Conclusions: The study confirms the relationship of age and gender with presence or absence of H. pylori infection.
A comparative study of preoperative intra-incisional infiltration of ceftriaxone vs. intravenous ceftriaxone for prevention of surgical site infections
Authors: Singh Anoop , Salim Mohammad , Singh Bhal , . Akshita
Published: April 2019

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) continues to be a major causes of post-operative morbidity, mortality since time immemorial. Many methods have been evolved to combat wound infection including concept of antisepsis and use of intravenous antibiotics. But the rate of SSI has been more or less static over the past few decades. The current study was undertaken to check effectiveness of preoperative intra-incisional infiltration of ceftriaxone for prevention of SSI.Methods: This prospective study included 120 cases. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups (60 each). Group A, considered control and received single dose of intravenous ceftriaxone (1 gm), whereas Group B, considered test and received intra-incisional ceftriaxone before starting procedure. If any evidence of SSI present, data recorded and swab sample was taken and sent for culture. Result of this analyzed for significance.Results: In category A, 15 out of 60 patients (25%) developed SSI, while in category B, 3 out of 60 patients (5%) developed SSI. Escherichia coli is the commonest (72.22%) organism responsible for SSI in our study. Mean hospital stay of patients who develop SSI is nearly two times higher than who don’t develop SSI.Conclusions: This study confirms that the preoperative intra-incisional injection of ceftriaxone has resulted in a significant reduction in SSI infection rates in all classes of wounds both clinically as well as statistically (P value < 0.005).
Effectiveness of introduction of specialised female surgical clinic in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar , Sharma Anshuman , Pandey Shailja , Jain Siddharth , Sharma Vishal , Aggarwal Shubhangi
Published: April 2019

Background: Specialised female surgical clinics are the need of the day and not addressed routinely in the Surgical Department. The management of surgical problems in female patients requires multidisciplinary approach mainly general surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, general medicine, paediatrics, dermatology and psychiatry. The aim and objective was to introduce a new concept of subspecialty and super speciality in management of female surgical diseases.Methods: Prospective educational interventional study. 18 out of 60 sensitised interns were introduced and oriented in the specialised female surgical clinic. A total of 952 patients visiting the Clinic were studied. Statistical analysis was done.Results: Feedback of female patients were taken and recorded in a proformas and their analysis was done. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge and skill of the participating interns.  99.2% (944 cases) of the female patients were willing to continue their visit to such a specialized clinic in future.Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is a requirement and need of a fully functional specialized female surgical Clinic in our hospital.
Diagnostic value of C-reactive protein as a predictor of complicated appendicitis like perforated/gangrenous appendicitis
Authors: Choudhary Suresh Kumar , Yadav Bhanwar Lal , Gupta Shalu , Kumar Narender , Bansal Somendra , Verma Pradeep Kumar
Published: April 2019

Background: Appendicitis is inflammation of appendix. Appendicitis remains the most common abdominal surgical emergency. There is no reliable specific marker for acute appendicitis and its complications. C- reactive protein is an acute phase reactant produced by the liver during the acute inflammation, which rises rapidly in presence of inflammation. CRP is a more sensitive and reliable indicator of inflammatory processes than ESR and leucocyte count. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CRP predict the severity of appendicitis.Methods: This study was hospital based, observational study. After history and clinical examination, patient underwent USG whole abdomen. Diagnosis of appendicitis was established. After that patient underwent routine blood investigations including, CRP. After confirming diagnosis of appendicitis, patients underwent appendectomy and biopsy of appendix was sent for histopathological examination.Results: In our study, CRP value > 6.15mg/L has a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 54% in predicting complicated perforated or gangrenous appendicitis. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CRP were 100% and 61.54%  respectively. The cut off level at around 6mg/dL needs to be handled carefully and a person with high CRP should undergo surgery immediately.Conclusions: This study clearly suggested that CRP leads to precise prediction of the severity of acute appendicitis for treatment. A person with high CRP should undergo surgery immediately ures.
Spontaneous rupture of spleenic hemangioma: a case report
Authors: Balineni Pradeep , Kamal Shruthi , Pathivada Sandeep , Shivaji Keerthana
Published: April 2019

A 40 year old female presented with complaints of dysphagia, and regurgitation. On examination abdomen was soft, non tender, not distended and had no palpable organomeagaly. Patient was diagnosed of hiatus hernia after undergoing upper gastro intestinal scopy and barium swallow. Patient was planned for nissens laproscopic fundoplication. Intra-operatively patient was found to be having a large splenic hemangioma. Postoperatively patient had deep vein thrombosis for which intra-venous heparin was given. Post heparinization patient went into shock and ultrasound revealed a large collection in peri-splenic, spleeno-renal spaces. Spleenic hemangiomas are the 2nd common benign tumors of the spleen. Incidence of spleenic hemangioma is 0.02-0.16%. Spontaneous rupture of splenic hemangioma occurs rarely and is dreadly complication of splenic hemangioma. They may represent a congenital nevus. Patients present with spleenomegaly, abdominal pain, hypotension and dyspnea. A ultrasound would show a fluid collection in peri splenic areas. Emergency splenectomy is the treatment of choice for these patients.
Management of isolated high grade blunt pancreatic injury; case report on lesser aggressive approach
Authors: Singh Manjit , Sarawagi Mritunjay , Kumar Anjay , Kumar Uday
Published: April 2019

Isolated high grade pancreatic injury is rare after blunt abdominal trauma. It is a rare entity to appreciate intra-operatively and a high index of suspicion should always be kept in mind to reach the diagnosis. We are presenting our experience of four cases with moderate to high grade isolated pancreatic injury which were managed in a lesser aggressive approach and had an uneventful outcome.
Ileo-ileo-colic intussusception in adults: a rare event causing acute intestinal obstruction
Authors: Pratap Vishnu , Shambhu Pallavi , Kale Bhushan , Prabhakar S.
Published: April 2019

Intussusception is a common finding in children accounting for approximately 25% of all abdominal emergencies in patients below five years of age. This, however, is a rare observation in adults accounting for only 5% of all intussusceptions. Among them, those leading to acute intestinal obstruction are about 1-5%. Diagnosis is based on radiographic findings seen on ultrasonography or CT scan as the presentation in adults is often difficult to diagnose clinically due to the variable presentation. We present here a case of intussusception in a 24 year old male presenting as acute intestinal obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy with resection of the bowel segment was done followed by end to end anastomosis. Post-operative course was uneventful.
Gall stone ileus in the absence of gall bladder: a case report
Authors: Beniwal Meenu , Singh Vikram , . Poonam , Singh Paritev
Published: April 2019

Post cholecystectomy gall stone ileus is very rare with only few cases reported in the literature. This condition poses diagnostic challenges both because of its rarity and since the gall bladder had been removed previously. A high index of suspicion is needed for the diagnosis. Here, we report the case of a young female presented to the emergency room with acute intestinal obstruction. Patient underwent cholecystectomy followed by LSCS 20 yrs back. Patient was managed with explorative laparotomy which revealed an adherent, fibrosed and narrow segment of ileum containing a small impacted gall stone 120 cm from ileocaecal junction. Following the Resection anastomosis the patient made a satisfactory recovery and was discharged without any complication and is doing well.
Left sided obstructed Amyand’s hernia: a rare case report
Authors: Agrawal Akash , Vora Palak
Published: April 2019

Amyand's hernia is a rare form of an inguinal hernia (less than 1% of inguinal hernias) which occurs when the appendix is a part of hernial sac. Because of anatomical position of the appendix, it is most commonly found in the right sided hernial sac and it can also be accompanied by the caecum and/or right colon. In rare case, Amyand’s hernia can appear on the left side also. Here we report a case of left sided amyand’s hernia with acute perforated appendicitis in a 58 years old male patient at GMERS hospital, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India.
A case of acute gastric volvulus due to diaphragmatic hernia in an adult with kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Meshram Namvir , Gadhire Minakshi , Kumar Vineet
Published: April 2019

Acute gastric volvulus on diaphragmatic hernia is a rare and life-threatening condition, which is seen mostly in fifth decade of life. Presented with vague symptoms of abdominal pain mostly epigastric in nature, retching, may or may not be associated with vomiting, hematemesis, sometime difficult to pass nasogastric tube (Borchardt triad’s). Hereby we report a case of 48 year old male with known case of kyphoscoliosis who came with hematemesis and vomiting only; on investigation chest with abdomen X ray, USG, upper GI scopy and CT chest with abdomen, suggestive of gastric volvulus with diaphragmatic hernia and kyphoscoliosis. Patient was operated; as in acute gastric volvulus delay may result in complication like perforation and gangrene which can lead to increase morbidity and mortality in this patient; derotation of stomach done and diaphragmatic defect repaired with meshplasty, gastropexy with gastrostomy done. Postoperative course was uneventful.
Choledochodudenostomy for bile duct injuries: a less demanding option, in a demanding surgical situation
Authors: Aggarwal Amulya , Mathur Alok V. , Kaur Manmeet
Published: April 2019

Cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedure performed worldwide and therefore a common cause for iatrogenic biliary tract injury. Bile duct injuries are associated with significant morbidity and are a potentially fatal complication. Choledochodudenostomy in patients of post cholecystectomy bile duct injury can be done safely by experienced surgeons in CBD injuries distal to the confluence of the cystic and common hepatic duct after eradication of sepsis. Choledochoduodenostomy has its own technical advantages and it maintains the normal anatomy. As compared with a routine Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, CDD is technically easier, faster, requires less manipulation of the CBD, and is more physiological. We present a case report of a patient of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with CBD injury managed with choledochoduodenostomy who did extremely well after procedure with no immediate and delayed postoperative complication.
Protocol for a prospective multicenter intervention study (URivo study) assessing biomarkers in patients with previously treated advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma receiving nivolumab
Authors: Miyake Hideaki , Harada Ken-ichi , Matsushita Yuto , Hinata Nobuyuki , Sugimura Haruhiko , Fujisawa Masato
Published: April 2019

Background: In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been introduced into routine clinical practice for treating patients with a wide variety of malignant tumors, including advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), resulting in the significant improvement of the prognosis of these patients. However, a reliable biomarker prediciting the clinical course in patients receiving nivolumab has not yet been developed; accordingly, the URivo study was planned to investigate the significance of various candidate biomarkers for aRCC patients treated with nivolumab.

Methods: This was designed as a prospective multicenter intervention study, and will include a total of 200 aRCC patients who are scheduled to receive nivolumab followed by treatment with either 1 or 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Using resected tumor tissues and serum samples prior to the introduction of nivolumab, the following assessments will be conducted: programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 gene copy number gains by fluorescence in situ hybridization, serum concentrations of PD-L1 and PD-L2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and expression of several proteins involved in apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, signal transduction and immune reaction by immunohistochemical staining. The outcomes of these assays will be evaluated focusing on the association with the response to nivolumab, overall survival, progression-free survival and disease-specific survival.

Conclusions: The significance of various types of candidate biomarker, particularly PD-L1 and PD-L2, will be intensively investigated in this study, and this may offer unique information to determine the optimal indication of nivolumab for aRCC patients following the failure of TKIs.

Trial Registration: UMIN000030400; registered April 1, 2018.
AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ORGAN VEYA DOKU NAKLİ VE ORGAN BAĞIŞI HAKKINDA BİLGİ TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARI
Authors: Dumanlı Ahmet , Ak Ömer Faruk , Gülener Reyyan Sümeyra , Horzum Furan , Çakar Buse Nur , Ataklı Atakan , Bilgeç Ömer Abdulaziz , Öz Gürhan
Published: April 2019

AMAÇ: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin organ transplantasyonu ve organ bağışı hakkındaki tutumlarını ve bilgi seviyelerini araştırmak.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinin ilk üç döneminde öğrenim gören her sınıftan 50’şer kişi olmak üzere toplamda 150 kişi rastgele olarak seçildi. Çalışma organ bağışı konusunda 35 orijinal soruyu içeren toplam 150 anket ile yapıldı. Frekans dağılımları hesaplandı ve elde edilen veriler yüzde olarak değerlendirildi.BULGULAR: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinin ilk üç döneminde öğrenim gören toplamda 150 öğrenci anket çalışmasına katıldı. Ankete katılan öğrenlerin demografik karakterleri incelendi. Katılımcıların %70’i organ bağışı konusundaki bilgilerini tıp fakültesinde edindiklerini söylerken %30’u aile hekimleri, internet, yakın akraba-arkadaşları ve medyadan öğrendiklerini söylediler. Öğrencilerin %76’ı organ bağışı yapmak istediklerini, %24’ü organ bağışı yapmak istemediklerini bildirdiler. Baba eğitim düzeyi ile organ bağışı isteği arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Ancak anne eğitim düzeyi ile organ bağışı isteği arasında belirgin fark vardı. Dönem ilerledikçe öğrencilerin kadavradan alınan organların bekleme süresi ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin arttığı ve dönemler arasındaki farkın istatistikel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptandıSONUÇ: Organ transplantasyon ihtiyacını karşılamak için sağlık personeli ve doktorlar dahil tüm halkımız organ bağışı konusunda bilgilendirilmelidir. İlk ve orta eğitimden itibaren verilecek eğitim ile dini kaygıların ortadan kaldırılması planlanmalıdır.
Caso Clínico: Gorlin Goltz asociado a Osteogénesis Imperfecta
Authors: Túquerres Mosquera Viviana , Sandoval Portilla Fernando , Sandoval Vernimmen Fernando
Published: April 2019

Los tumores odontogénicos queratoquístico son tumores benignos localmente agresivos que se presentan en el maxilar y mandíbula con un alto índice de recurrencia. Estos tumores suelen presentarse de forma única principalmente en el área del ángulo mandibular. En ciertas ocasiones estos tumores están asociados a síndromes como Gorlin Goltz. En el que se observan múltiples queratoquistes en los maxilares. En este artículo presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente con múltiples queratoquistes la cual también presenta osteogénesis imperfecta. Se revisó la literatura para determinar una asociación entre la osteogénesis imperfecta y múltiples queratoquistes.
Medicinal Plants with Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis Activity in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: ZIAEI HEZARJARIBI Hajar , NADEALI Najmeh , FAKHAR Mahdi , SOOSARAEI Masoud
Published: April 2019

Background: Trichomoniasis, due to Trichomonas vaginalis, is one of the most common sexually transmitted parasitic diseases in the world such as Iran. This systematic review aimed to explore the studies evaluating the medicinal herbs with anti- T. vaginalis activity which used in Iran.
Methods: Articles published in 4 Persian and 4 English databases were obtained between 2000 and 2015 including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Magiran, Barakatkns (formerly IranMedex), Elm net, and SID (Scientific Information Database). Studies out of Iran, studies on animal models and articles on other parasite species than T. vaginalis were excluded from this review.
Results: Twenty-one articles including in vitro experiments, met our eligibility criteria. Thoroughly, 26 types of plants were examined against T. vaginalis. Medicinal herbs such as Artemisia, Zataria multiflora, and Lavandula angustifolia are remarkably effective on T. vaginalis. As such, use of other parts of these plants in different concentrations and timelines is recommended for future in vivo studies.
Conclusion: The present systematic review provides comprehensive and useful information about Iranian medicinal plants with anti-T. vaginalis activity, which would be examined in the future experimental and clinical trials and herbal combination therapy.
New Method of Production and Characterization of Haemozoin and Β-Haemozoin from Meccus longipennis
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-LINARES Liliana , REYES-CRUZ Víctor Esteban , VELOZ-RODRÍGUEZ María Aurora , URBANO-REYES Gustavo , IMBERT-PALAFOX José Luis , COBOS-MURCIA José  Angel
Published: April 2019

Background: Understanding the significance of hemozoin (Hz) in the process through which Plasmodium is released from the heme group in the food vacuole during hemoglobin degradation, will allow the development of more effective drugs against malaria. Therefore, the development of methodologies to obtain Hz synthetically will facilitate an in vitro evaluation of new anti-malarial drugs.
Methods: We present a methodology with good results to obtain Hz from fecal material of blood-sucking insects Meccus longipennis. The preparation of biological cultures of the parasite (Plasmodium) transmitter of the disease is not necessary.
Results: The hemozoin molecule and its dimer were obtained using the method described and it was possible to validate a comparison with the positive and negative controls using different analytical techniques.
Conclusion: The proposed method allows obtaining hemozoin and its dimer demonstrating equivalence with positive controls that demonstrate that the present procedure may be an alternative for the evaluation of antimalarial drugs.
Evaluation of the Protoscolicidal Effects of Albendazole and Albendazole Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: AMINPOUR Shohreh , RAFIEI Abdollah , JELOWDAR Ali , KOUCHAK Maryam
Published: April 2019

Background: Protoscolex plays an important role in the development of hydatid cyst. Albendazole is one of the most effectual protoscolicidal agents for averting the reappearance of this disease, nonetheless, its low solubility and its low intestinal absorption necessitates the presence of a drug carrier to enhance its efficacy. In this study, the effect of albendazole and its nano-form on protoscolices in cultured media and in vivo was evaluated.
Methods: Microemulsion method was used to prepare the Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing albendazole. Infected livers were collected from the Slaughterhouse of Ahvaz, Khuzestan in 2017. The protoscolices were stored in RPMI 1640 for one week, and their survival under the influence of albendazole and nano-albendazole on days 3 and 7 at concentrations of 250 and 500µg / ml was investigated. The live protoscolices exposed on day 3 at a concentration of 250 μg/ml were injected to mice for evaluation of pathogenicity. Three months later, after autopsy of the mice, the pathogenicity was evaluated.
Results: Protoscolicidal efficacy was highest in both concentrations on day 7 for albendazole and on day 5 for nano-albendazole. Following the autopsy of the mice, cyst growth was reported in all mice, and only two mice from the albandazole loaded SLNs group did not have any cyst.
Conclusion: Albendazole loaded SLNs showed a higher protoscolicidal property than the free form of this drug; therefore, the use of nano-formulation of this drug is recommended to prevent the onset of this disease.
Molecular Genotyping of the Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran
Authors: HEDAYATI Zeynab , DARYANI Ahmad , SARVI Shahabeddin , GHOLAMI Shirzad , SHARIF Mehdi , PIRESTANI Majid , DODANGEH Samira , BARI Simin , GHOLAMI Sara , MIZANI Azadeh , HOSSEINI Seyed Abdollah
Published: April 2019

Background: The larval stage of the tapeworm (cestode) Echinococcus granulosus is the etiological agent of hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis, which is the zoonotic parasitic disease causing morbidity and mortality in both humans and livestock. Due to a lack of accurate data on the human isolates of E. granulosus in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, the current study aimed to survey the population genetic pattern of cystic echinococcosis isolated from humans by sequencing the mitochondrial genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1).
Methods: Overall, 47 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPT) blocks were collected from patients' files in various pathology departments of Mazandaran Province in Iran from 2003 to 2015. PCR was performed to amplify a 398bp DNA fragment of mitochondrial nad1. PCR products were sequenced by Bioneer Corporation (South Korea), and the resulting data were analyzed via relevant software to determine the genotypes.
Results: The nad1 gene was successfully amplified on 10 from all of the E. granulosus isolates. Overall, 66.6% and 33.3% of the isolates in the studied area displayed the G1 and G2-G3 genotypes, respectively.
Conclusion: This study may provide the foundation for further studies in revealing the regional transmission patterns and also in designing adequate control procedures.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Hormozgan Province, South of Iran
Authors: KHADEMI Seyedeh Zahra , GHAFFARIFAR Fatemeh , Dalimi ABDOLHOSSEIN , DAVOODIAN Parivash , ABDOLI Amir
Published: April 2019

Background: Toxoplasmosis can cause miscarriage or complications in the fetus. Diagnosis and treatment of this disease by anti-parasitic drugs especially in early pregnancy can help to prevent fetal infection and its complications. This study aimed to determine T. gondii infection in pregnant women, evaluate risk factors in the transmission of the disease and congenital toxoplasmosis.
Methods: Overall, 360 sera of pregnant women from 5 cities in the Hormozgan Province in southern Iran with different climate were evaluated from 2015-2016 for T. gondii infection by using ELISA method and positive cases of IgM and IgG were tested again using Avidity IgG ELISA. All cases were evaluated according to climate, acute and chronic of toxoplasmosis, number of pregnancy and abortion, epidemiological factors and food habits.
Results: Among 360 specimens T. gondii IgG + IgM antibodies were found positive in 0. 8% subjects and also 27% of samples had IgG seropositivity. A significant relationship was observed between age, sampling place, consumption of raw and half cooked meat, history of contact with cats, abortion history, number of children, and parity with IgG positive. In Avidity IgG ELISA test, 13 people with low avidity, 3 people with borderline avidity were reported.
Conclusion: 72. 2% of the population had no antibody against the disease that this could be a warning to the people and requires education of preventive and prenatal care and routine screening of women at childbearing age.
Diagnostic Dilemma in Unusual Parasitic Infections and Their Presentations
Authors: BANERJEE Tuhina
Published: April 2019

The abstract not available.
The effect of bright light on fatigue and sleepiness of shift work nurses
Authors: M Maghsoudipour , S Hosseinzadeh , M Parkhoo , M Ansari , A Karbasi
Published: April 2019

Introduction: In this study, we assessed the effect of bright light emitted by light box on fatigue, and sleepiness of nurses.
Methods: Forty four healthy female shift work nurses were allocated into two groups of intervention and control. In the first stage, bright light was emitted to the nurses in the intervention group by the light box, and bright light was not emitted to the control group. In the next stage (one month later), we emitted bright light to the control group in the first stage (cross- over design). Main outcome measures assessed were fatigue and sleepiness. We used Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of fatigue, and, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Fatigue and sleepiness were assessed every hour, during next 24 hours.
Results: During 24 hours of the assessment of fatigue (VAS), the trend of changes in two groups were in opposite direction and almost all the time of 24 hours, the mean value of two groups were significantly different.  In addition, the effect of intervention on the mean values of KSS during 24 hours was significant and the mean values in two groups were significantly different and the trend of changes in two groups were in opposite direction.
Conclusion: The bright light exposure in nurses resulted in changing the trend of fatigue and sleepiness in opposite directions compared to the controls. The minimum of fatigue occurred at 4 am which was time of maximum fatigue in the controls. Also, minimum sleepiness in the cases who were exposed to the bright light was at 4 am.
Sunnah dan Kedudukan Muhammad dalam Pandangan Muhammad Syaḥrūr
Authors: Anshori Muhammad
Published: April 2019

This article discusses on contextualist understanding about sunnah or hadith. One of the contemporary Muslim thinker who is studied by muslim scholars is Muḥammad Syaḥrūr. According to Syaḥrūr, the sunnah was the initial ijtihad of Muhammad to overcome the problems that existed at that time, so it must be dynamic. Among the interesting thoughts of Syaḥrūr is his division of the concept of Muhammad's obedience and position. There are two forms of obedience to Muhammad: obedience that is not directly related to Allah (al-thā'ah al-munfashilah) and directly related to Allah (al-thā'ah al-muttashilah). In examining the hadith of the Prophet, Syaḥrūr did not understand in a textuality, but he studied the position of Muhammad when the hadith was spoken. He divided the position of Muhammad into three poins; as human beings, the Prophet, and the Apostle. The Hadith or Sunna will be universally applicable when Muhammad is based as an Apostle. Syaḥrūr's understanding of a hadith is very humanity because he is not directed to sanad studies, but rather to matan hadith.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PADA MATA PELAJARAN GEOGRAFI SMA KELAS X SEMESTER II UNTUK TOPIK HIDROSFER
Authors: Purwita Ninja Panju
Published: April 2019

Issues relating to the use of media in teaching the availability and use of multimedia. Availability media is lacking, so the teacher used the media to its full potential yet. Optimal utilization of the media yet, teachers still use textbooks in class lessons. For hydrosphere topics, such as lakes and wetlands, need not be defined, but by showing an example image of the object directly, therefore, to recognize and understand these natural objects. The purpose of this study produces multimedia for subject high school geography class X semester (hydrosphere). This product is intended to assist students in learning geography. This product is made in a CD (compact disk) learning. This study is designed to be eight stages are: analysis of the material, media design, media production, product validation by matter experts and media experts, confirmations, product revision, product testing, and product revision. Advice in the development consists of the use and development of advanced products. To use the product, it is suggested teachers can use multimedia in geography learning displayed by the LCD to display larger

Keyword: Multimedia, Hydrosphere Multimedia Developing
Rekrutmen Calon Kepala Daerah dalam Era Pilkada Langsung dan Serentak di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin
Authors: Ropik Ainur , Beriansyah Alva , Wijaya Wijaya
Published: April 2019

The era of direct and simultaneous regional head elections makes political parties really have to pay attention to the regional head candidates who will be promoted. The candidate factor has a very big role in determining the victory in the elections. On Musi Banyuasin regional election in 2017 there is one pair of regional head candidates carried by all existing political parties. One of the parties that participated in carrying out the regional head candidates was PAN (Partai Amanat Nasional or National Mandate Party). However, regional head candidates who are carried by PAN are not PAN cadres. PAN is the party that won the election in 2014 and is the only party that can support its own regional head candidates. Determination of candidates for regional head by PAN is done through open recruitment. Open recruitment is carried out by the DPD (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or Regional Representative Council) PAN Musi Banyuasin Regency by forming a selection committee. The selection committee is tasked with selecting prospective regional heads. The selection process is done by opening a registration. Registration is done by completing the registration form and fulfilling the registration requirements. The mechanism for determining prospective regional heads is proposed by conducting regional deliberations. The reference used in determining the prospective regional head to be carried out is an analysis of the nomination registration requirements, Second, the electability and popularity surveys and the Third is result of the fit and proper test. Candidates for the elected regional head will be proposed to the DPW (Dewan Pimpinan Wilayah or Regional Leadership Council), the DPW will proceed to the DPP (Dewan Pimpinan Pusat or Central Board), then the DPP will issue a recommendation that is used as a requirement in registering at the KPUD (Komisi Pemilihan Umum Daerah or Election Commission).
Apresentação do Dossiê
Authors: Beltrão Jane Felipe , Eremites de Oliveira Jorge , Amado Luiz Henrique Eloy , Domingues William Cesar Lopes
Published: April 2019

Os estudos situados no campo interdisciplinar da história indígena ou etno-história, assim institucionalizados em diferentes países das Américas, registram crescente produção intelectual desde a segunda metade do século XX. No entanto, apenas recentemente passaram a contar com uma significativa e contínua contribuição de pesquisas realizadas e publicadas por indígenas educadoras(es), etnólogas(os), (etno)historiadoras(es) e especialistas em outros campos do conhecimento científico. Um fator que contribui para o aparecimento dessas(es) novas(os) autoras(es) foi a significativa ampliação dos cursos de graduação e programas de pós-graduação em diversos países latino-americanos, como também se verifica no Brasil, especialmente a partir da década de 2000...
The Roles of Victims in the ICC: Victims’ Protection or the Accused’s Fair Trial Right Violation?
Authors: Jufri Mahfud
Published: April 2019

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has provided the right to present victims views in the ICC’s proceeding. The objectives of this article are to identify to which extent the roles of victims in the ICC and to analyze whether victims’ participation would be a violation to the rights of a fair trial of the accused in the ICC or not. This is pure legal research meaning that the materials required in this article are available in libraries, archives and other databases. The article concludes that the victims, in the ICC, are allowed to participate and to seek reparation in accordance with Article 68 (3) of the Rome Statute. In addition, the participation would violate the due process rights of the defendants despite the fact at a particular case; the Appeal Chamber of the ICC decided that there is no such violation as aiming at ending individual impunity.
The Overview of Innovations in the Legal Framework and Organization of Correctional Service
Authors: Bytyqi Vilard , Morina Fitore
Published: April 2019

The main institution in Kosovo that deals with the execution of criminal sanctions and it is Kosovo Correctional Service (KCS). Since its establishment, this institution has undergone numerous changes in the organizational field, as well as changes created by legal regulation. The recent trends occurring in correctional services in democratic societies have transformed these services in order to have a human approach and, in several cases constitute a decisive factor in the change in the behaviour of delinquents. Delinquents that have been convicted for serious crimes by criminal proceedings of final judgment, in order to rehabilitate through based programs on contents of rehabilitation, resettlement, and reintegration used a various method which will be treated in this paper. Considering legal changes which have occurred, these changes have affected executive bodies in charge of the execution of criminal sanctions. In this paper were applied several methods, such as individual case study, normative analysis, and qualitative methods. From the results of the treatment, we can see that through the legal changes made in this area of Correction have special importance. The correctional system as organized by the Correctional Service has advanced regarding the terms of legislation, influenced by the European system implemented in some countries in this field.