bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“KASUS PELANGGARAN HAM PEMBUNUHAN MUNIR SAID THALIB”
Authors: Pratama Desi Ayu
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKKasus kematian Munir hanya satu dari banyaknya kasus pelanggaran HAM yang belum menemukan titik terang. Hukum di Indonesia harusnya lebih diperkuat khususnya tentang HAM, karena dimasa sekarang hukum hanya berlaku bagi orang-orang lemah saja sedangkan orang-orang yang berkedudukan tinggi lebih mudah lepas dari jerat hukum yang seharusnya hukum tidak memandang status sosial seseorang di masyarakat tapi kenyataannya malah sebaliknya inilah yang menyebabkan para kaum bawah ditindas. Terbukti dari banyaknya kasus kemanusiaan yang tak kunjung usai dan tak kunjung menemui titik terang seperti kasus kematiaan Munir. Seharusnya pemerintah segera terbangun dari tidur lamanya dalam arti sadarlah bahwa hukum sebenarnya ada untuk menegakkan kebenaran bukan untuk menutupi kebenaran yang ada. Kelemahan hukum di Indonesia ini juga akan berdampak pada semakin meningkatnya kejahatan jika pemerintah tidak segera tanggap untuk mengubahnya. Kasus kematian Munir dapat menjadi pembelajaran bagi negara Indonesia untuk segera meninggalkan cara-cara yang bersifat otoriter, karena semua rakyat Indonesia memiliki hak untuk memperoleh kebenaran, hak hidup, hak keadilan, dan hak atas rasa aman. Inilah hebatnya sebuah jabatan yang ada disuatu negara, jabatan yang dimana hanya memenangkan kepentingan para kaum penguasa dan menyingkirkan sebuah kebenaran yang sebenarnya sudah jelas terpampang didepan mata. Lemahnya hukum di Indonesia sebenarnya sangat dirasakan pengaruhnya oleh pihak keluarga Munir, terlebih sang istri yang setelah ±15 tahun harus menelan pil pahit dimana kasus kematian suaminya tersebut tidak juga mendapatkan kejelasan. Ketika pihak keluarga mendengar bahwa penanganan kasus ini dihentikan hanyalah meninggalkan kekecewaan dari keluarga termasuk para kaum penegak hukum di Indonesia pun juga merasakan dampaknya, termasuk juga para aktivis yang ikut serta mengawal jalannya investigasi kasus dari awal dibuka hingga harus terpaksa dihentikan. Seharusnya mereka berani menjatuhkan tindakan tegas seperti memberikan hukuman yang sepantasnya didapat para pelaku kasus kematian Munir. Sebagai negara Demokrasi rakyat juga memerlukan dukungan dari pihak penegak agar mau bersikap seadil-adilnya didepan hukum ini semua bertujuan agar negara dapat berjalan dengan aman.
KASUS KORUPSI PETINGGI NEGARA DITINJAU DARI SUDUT PANDANG PANCASILA
Authors: Laksono Yohanes Erick Satrio
Published: December 2019

Negara Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara paling korup di dunia atau dengan kata lain merupakan negara dengan jumlah kasus korupsi yang tinggi di dunia. Terlebih lagi kasus korupsi yang terjadi di negara Indonesia ini di lakukan oleh para pejabat tinggi negara yang duduk di kursi pemerintahan dan juga sebagai para wakil rakyat.Hal ini tentu saja sangat bertentangan sekali dengan hukum pastinya dan juga dengan nilai-nilai yang terdapat di dalam pancasila. Pancasila merupakan ideologi negara Indonesia yang merdeka. Sebagai ideologi negara, nilai-nilai yang terkandung dan terdapat di dalam Pancasila tentu akan sangat bermanfaat sekali untuk mencapai tujuan bersama dan juga sebagai pengatur dalam kehidupan bernegara dan berbangsa yang baik.Namun sayangnya walaupun sudah tahu bahwa tindakan korupsi merupakan sebuah pelanggaran terhadap pancasila dan juga hukum, para koruptor atau pelaku korupsi ini tetap melakukan hal tersebut (korupsi). Di negara kita memang sudah ada hukum yang mengatur tentang korupsi dan juga ada suatu badan khusus yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah untuk memberantas kasus korupsi di Indonesia, yaitu Komisi Pemberantas Korupsi (KPK).Akan tetapi nampaknya edukasi dan juga kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia tentang korupsi masih sangat rendah sekali, sehingga kasus korupsi di Indonesia seakan sudah menjadi budaya turun temurun. Padahal korupsi ini sangat merugikan negara dan juga seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Dampaknya akan sangat terasa sekali bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia.
Gagasan Syekh Sulaiman Al-Rasuli tentang Pendidikan Islam dan Penerapannya pada Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah di Sumatera Barat
Authors: Kosim Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Gagasan pendidikan Islam Syekh Sulaiman al-Rasuli memiliki corak tafaqquh di al-dīn bernuansa kultural. Ia mengedapankan kajian terhadap ilmu-ilmu agama, tetapi tidak tercerabut dari kearifan lokal. Corak pemikiran ini tentu relevan dengan filosofi Minangkabau yang selalu ia kemukakan, yaitu “Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah, Syarak Mangato, Adat Mamakai.”
Menyikapi Dampak dari Perkembangan Teknologi
Authors: Herdiansyah Ahmad
Published: December 2019

Pengaruh perkembangan teknologi terhadap lingkungan. Banyak terjadi dari kalangan remaja dan pelajar terkena dampak negatif dari perkembangan teknologi. Tujuan dari Paper ini adalah untuk menyikapi bagaimana perkembangan teknologi terhadap dampak positif dan negatif terlebih khusus yang menyangkut tentang Pola pikir dan Sosial Budaya. Menyikapi perkembangan teknologi dari kacamata filsuf. Menyikapi perkembangan teknologi dan dampak negatifnya yang dapat merusak generasi pemuda.
BENTUK ANTUSIASME DAN GOTONG ROYONG WARGA MASYARAKAT DALAM RANGKA PILKADES SERETAK DI DESA CERMO KAB MADIUN
Authors: Elvionita Elsa
Published: December 2019

gotong royong merupakan suatu yang tidak asing lagi di masyarakat pedesaan. Gotong royong merupakan suatu yang sudah melekat bagi kehidupan masyarakat desa. Dengan adanya gotong royong ini semua kegiatan yang dilaksanakan di desa menjadi terlaksana dengan baik dan lancar. Soekarno sendiri telah mengatakan bahwa gotong royong sebagai suatu nilai luhur yang tertanam dalam diri masyarakat indonesia. “gotong royong adalah pembantingan tulang bersama, pemerasan keringat bersama, perjuangan bantu membantu bersama. Amal semua buat kepentingan semua, keringat semua buat kebahagiaan semua. (soekarno 01 juni 1945).Dengan adanya gotong royong semua pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat semakin mudah dan ringan untuk dilakukan, tidak hanya itu gotong royong juga mengajarkan kita tentang sikap toleransi terhadap sesama.
HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Nasution Leoly Ahadiathul Akhiriah , Harahap Fatrah Yunus
Published: December 2019

Manusia adalah makhluk ciptaan Tuhan yang diistimewakan dengan adanya HAM yang melekat pada diri mereka semenjak mereka lahir. HAM menjadikan manusia mampu bergaul dan menjalani kehidupan tanpa menyakiti dan merusak pribadi manusia lainnya.
Pudarnya sikap gotong royong di masa modern ditinjau dari Ir.Soekarno
Authors: Anjarwati Widya
Published: December 2019

Pengamatan yang saya buat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kembali mengenai makna gotong royong yang ada di Indonesia. Alasan yang melatar belakangi pengamatan ini dikarenakan semakin bertambahnya masa semakin minim pula nilai gotong royong di Indonesia terutama di kalangan remaja atau bahkan dikalangan masyarakat. Karena kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai makna gotong royong membuat masyarakat belum bisa memahami arti gotong royong yang sesungguhnya.Hal ini sangat berpengaruh buruk terhadap perkembangan Indonesia, karena Indonesia didirikan berdasarkan sikap gotong royong. Sikap gotong royong menjadi pudar juga dikarenakan sedikit banyak budaya barat yang masuk di Indonesia. Budaya barat juga bisa menjadi faktor minimnya sikap gotong royong karena budaya barat tidak mementingkan kepentingan umum melainkan lebih mementingkan kepentingan pribadinya masing-masing. Dan jika tetap dibiarkan maka bukan tidak mungkin jika negara Indonesia akan berpecah belah. Jadi yang harus dilakukan saat ini adalah mulai mengenalkan makna gotong royong sejak dini pada anak-anak agar menjadi generasi yang paham akan sikap saling membantu satu sama lain tanpa terpengaruh akan adanya budaya barat.
MARAKNYA KORUPTOR SEBAGAI PREDATOR UANG NEGARA DITINJAU DARI TATANAN MORAL SUBJEKTIF
Authors: Besa Monika Elvie
Published: December 2019

Adanya kemajuan jaman membuat semua orang semangat untuk berlomba-lomba dalam menggapai kesuksesan, karena mereka beranggapan bahwa ketika seseorang itu mencapai puncak kesuksesan maka orang tersebut akan bahagia didalam hidupnya. Sehingga tak sedikit orang mengupayakan kesuksesan itu dengan menempuh berbagai cara, ada yang menggunakan cara yang baik, namun ada pula yang melakukan tindakan sebaliknya. Etika sebenarnya mengajarkan kita tentang tindakan yang berkaitan dengan hidup manusia dan mengedepankan nilai kemanusiaan. Atau dapat dikatakan bahwa etika merupakan ilmu tentang bagaimana hidup yang baik, bermutu, berhasil dan tujuan terakhirnya ialah mendapatkan kebahagiaan. Oleh karena itu bila seseorang ingin mendapatkan kebahagiaan, mereka perlu memiliki etika yang baik sebagai pondasi dalam Hidup. Manusia perlu berpikir sebelum bertindak dan ada perlunya menyertakan akal budi sebelum bertindak, ini yang dapat membedakan antara manusia dan hewan. Dalam kasus ini saya menggangkat tindakan koruptor yang menyimpang dari nilai Etika, yang sedang menjadi sorotan untuk Negara Indonesia atas kasus korupsi yang semakin berkembang luas.
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MELALUI BEBERAPA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Sembiring Eliezer
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa model pembelajaran yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah meta analisis dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sintesis kuantitatif. Penelitian ini mengulik beberapa jurnal mengenai model pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan ataupun mempengaruhi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menelusuri jurnal melalui Google Cendekia. Kata kunci yang digunakan untuk penelusuran jurnal adalah: kemampuan pemecahan masalah, model. Dari beberapa jurnal kemampuan pemecahan masalah dipilih hasil penelitian untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari tiga model pembelajaran dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penerapan model pada masing-masing jurnal dapat diketahui bahwa terjadi peningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika yang ditandai dari peningkatan hasil belajar siswa.
kopi luwak monopolistic competition
Authors: kodiat yeremia habakuk
Published: December 2019

Kopi luwak, have a big potential to monopoly the market because of the taste that unique and hard to replaceable, which can say that not elastic. Indonesia can make a bigger profit if they export it around the world.
ADMINISTRASI KURIKULUM (CURRICULUM ADMINISTRATION)
Authors: UTAMA RESKI PRIA
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini ditulis untuk memenuhi final penugasan kursus administrasi dan pengawasan pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam menulis artikel ini adalah studi literatur metode, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai literatur sumber. Dalam artikel tersebut dijelaskan bahwa kurikulum adalah seperangkat rencana dan peraturan tentang konten dan materi pelajaran dan metode yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam implementasi dari proses pembelajaran. Proses administrasi kurikulum meliputi bidang perencanaan, pengembangan, implementasi, mengevaluasi, dan meningkatkan kurikulum. Kurikulum pembangunan membutuhkan fondasi yang kuat dan didasarkan pada hasil pemikiran dan penelitian yang mendalam. Dan evaluasi atau penilaian dalam kurikulum berguna untuk menentukan tingkat pencapaian kurikulum. Berdasarkan ini kita bisa tahu itu peran kurikulum dalam pendidikan formal di sekolah sangat penting dan memiliki pengaruh besar dalam menentukan pencapaian tujuan pendidikan. Dalam prosesnya, guru bertindak sebagai pelaksana teknis, seperti pelaksana, adaptor, pengembang, dan peneliti.
ANIMAL ABUSE DILIHAT DARI SUDUT PANDANG FILSAFAT MANUSIA
Authors: Utomo Arif Wahyu
Published: December 2019

Kejahatan terhadap hewan (Animal Abuse) adalah hal yang sangat sering terjadi, tidak hanya di negara kita saja tetapi kejahatan pada hewan juga terjadi di berbagai Negara, banyak kasus yang terjadi dari hanya penelantaran hewan sampai penyiksaan hewan adalah hal yang biasa terjadi. Pelakunya tidak lain dan tidak bukan adalah manusia, ya kita tau manusia adalah mahluk yang diistimewakan mereka di anugrahi kemampuan berpikir tetapi banyak dari mereka tidak bisa menggunakan kemampuan berpikir dengan baik. Maka dari itu filsafat manusia hadir untuk membantu manusia untuk merubah cara berpikir mereka menjadi berpikir yang baik yang tidak hanya memikirkan diri mereka sendiri tetapi juga memikirkan kesejahteraan hidup mahluk hidup lain. Dimulai dengan filsafat sebagai proses berpikir, mengenal perbedaan manusia dengan hewan, mengenal manusia menurut para filsuf. Maka dengan itu semua diharapkan manusia lebih peka terhadap kelangsungan hidup mahluk hidup lain
PELAKU BOM BUNUH DIRI DITINJAU DARI HATI NURANI SESAT DAN PRINSIP TELEOLOGIS
Authors: Ammar Aji Aqwanul
Published: December 2019

Bom bunuh diri sangat tidak diperbolehkan didalam hukum dan didalamsemua agama. Bom bunuh diri merupakan suatu perbuatan yang bersifat Jihad,akan tetapi bom bunuh diri melainkan telah melampau kodrat yang telah direncanakan oleh Alloh. Yang dimaksud jihad didalam ajaran Agama Islam ialahberjihad didalam jalan Alloh yang tidak merukan satu sama lain, seperti menuntutilmu, bekerja, dan lain sebagainya. Dari perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh pelakubom bunuh diri tersebut dapat di tinjau dari Hati Nurani yang Sesat danTeleologis, kaena pelaku bom bum bunuh memiliki hati yang sesat dan apa yangakan dilakukannya tidak masuk akal, tidak memiliki kebenaran, dan merugikanbagi orang lain dan keluarganya.
Linguistic and Personological Features of Suicidality In Bulimia: A Study of Memoirs
Authors: Cantu Sara , Dykeman Cass
Published: December 2019

Bulimia and suicide ideation and behavior co-occur at rates that warrant investigation. This study applied a corpus linguistic tool to examine memoirs of people self-identifying as having been diagnosed with bulimia. A log likelihood statistic was used to determine word usage rates in the memoir corpus compared to known norm rates. Besides p values, effect sizes (i.e., Bayesian Information Criterion) were reported for all inferential analyses. The study found that memoirs of people identifying as having been diagnosed with bulimia included differences in various linguistic processes and psychological processes. In addition, the usage rates of words associated with the core dimensions of Interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide were described.
Acculturation and Alcohol Use Outcomes: Incremental Roles of Bicultural Orientations among Asian American Undergraduate and Graduate Students
Authors: Pham Savannah , Lui P. Priscilla
Published: December 2019

Objectives: There has been a steep increase in alcohol involvement and alcohol use disorder among Asian Americans in recent decades. Cultural orientations have been shown to be robust correlates of alcohol use. Yet, the literature is limited in illuminating within-group differences in the complex relations among acculturation, enculturation, bicultural orientations, and alcohol use. Most alcohol research has focused on undergraduate students; little is known about the roles of cultural orientations in graduate student drinking outcomes. Methods: Asian American undergraduate (N = 357, 60.1% women, Mage = 20.32) and graduate students (N = 230, 30.4% women, Mage = 24.76) completed survey questionnaires assessing their levels of acculturation and enculturation, and alcohol consumption and drinking-related consequences. Results: Accounting for acculturation, enculturation was not associated with alcohol use abltoutcomes. Acculturation was positively associated with alcohol consumption among undergraduates, and was negatively associated with various alcohol use outcomes among graduate students. Bicultural orientations indicated by acculturation x enculturation predicted alcohol use above and beyond acculturation and enculturation alone, and gender moderated these relations. Among undergraduates, women who scored lower on acculturation and enculturation reported more personal drinking-related consequences. Among graduate students, men who scored lower on enculturation reported more social drinking-related consequences, whereas women who scored higher on acculturation and enculturation reported lower levels of social consequences. Conclusion: These results can be interpreted in the contexts of social norms and stress theory, and highlight the possible protective roles of ethnic society immersion in alcohol misuse.
Different patterns of recollection for matched real-world and laboratory-based episodes in younger and older adults
Authors: Diamond Nicholas , Abdi Hervé , Levine Brian
Published: December 2019

To bridge the gap between naturalistic and laboratory assessments of episodic memory, we designed time- and content-matched real-world and virtualized versions of the same tour event. In younger and older adults, we investigated objective and subjective aspects of recollection for event features using a verbal true/false test common to both event conditions. Using a data-driven multivariate analysis blind to the age groups and event conditions, we found that discrimination of altered details explained most of the variance in objective memory performance. There was an advantage for real-world over laboratory encoding on this dimension for both age groups. Similarly, real-world encoding elicited higher scores on a dimension defined by subjective re-experiencing. However, real-world (but not laboratory) encoding decoupled objective and subjective memory in older adults, who reported similar rates of subjective recollection as younger adults despite having objectively poorer discrimination accuracy. This interaction suggests that episodic memory for real-world versus laboratory events recruit distinct component processes.
Lives as Collections of Strands: An Essay in Descriptive Psychology
Authors: Kubovy Michael
Published: December 2019

In this article (in press, Perspectives in Psychological Science) I generalize the notion of multiple self-aspects to create a descriptive framework in which lives are partitioned into containers of activities called strands. Strands are nearly-decomposable life-modules, structured, stable, and concurrent longitudinal streams of extended duration whose momentary cross-sections constitute self- aspects. They are differentiated by five features: (a) the person’s role, (b) the cast, (c) the setting, (d) norms and values, and (e) habits and routines. Strands contain projects, and episodes, and are replete with narrative. Each strand is continuous (i.e., strands persist when a person moves between them), and for the most part strands are mutually asynchronous. From a first-person perspective, the strands are continuous and concurrent but only one strand is in the foreground at a given time, i.e., transitions between strands are akin to a figure-ground reversal. Furthermore, a life is different from the sum of its strands: it is a nonlinear system that can take on configurations not predictable from a comprehensive description of the individual strands. Two such examples are the achievement of greatness despite severe handicaps and instances of extreme self-sacrifice. I also discuss the research potential of a proposed smartphone app called LifeMaps.
Lo cómico en la sátira: Bergson en la tierra de los Houyhnhnms
Authors: Pérez Armijos Jorge Luis
Published: December 2019

[Castellano] El presente ensayo analiza el último capítulo de Los viajes de Gulliver, «Viaje al país de los Houyhnhnm», a través de los mecanismos bergsonianos de lo risible, deteniéndose en las limitaciones de éstos recursos y reparando, además, en las ideas de alteridad, novela de viaje y sátira.[English] This essay attempts to exemplify the use of bergsonian mechanisms as a tool for analysing a text, focusing on the last chapters of Gulliver's Travels. Discussed herein are the ideas of otherness, travel literature, and satire.[Deutsch] In diesem Aufsatz wird es versucht, die Verwendung von Bergsonschen Mechanismen als Hilfsmittel für die Analyse eines Textes zu veranschaulichen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den letzten Kapiteln von Gullivers Reisen liegt.
The Wealth Defence Industry: A large-scale study on accountancy firms as profit shifting facilitators
Authors: Ajdacic Lena , Heemskerk Eelke , Garcia-Bernardo Javier
Published: December 2019

Corporations increasingly engage in innovative ‘tax planning strategies’ by shifting profits between jurisdictions. In response, states try to curtail such profit shifting activities while at the same time attempting to retain and attract multinational corporations. We aim to open up this dichotomy between states and corporations and argue that a wealth defence industry of professional service firms plays a crucial role as facilitators. We investigate the subsidiary structure of 27,000 MNCs and show that clients of the Big Four accountancy firms show systematically higher levels of aggressive tax planning strategies than clients of smaller accountancy firms. We specify this effect for three distinct strategies and also uncover marked differences across countries. As such we provide empirical evidence for the systematic involvement of auditors as facilitators in corporate wealth defence.
Correlation between scientific production and democracy
Authors: Guigo Roderic
Published: December 2019

There is a strong positive correlation between the quality of democracy and the scientific output of countries. The correlation remains even after correcting for research spending.
Black-White Disparities in Adult Mortality: Implications of Differential Record Linkage for Understanding the Mortality Crossover
Authors: Lariscy Joseph T.
Published: December 2019

Mortality rates among black individuals exceed those of white individuals throughout much of the life course. The black-white disparity in mortality rates is widest in young adulthood, and then rates converge with increasing age until a crossover occurs at about age 85 years, after which black older adults exhibit a lower mortality rate relative to white older adults. Data quality issues in survey-linked mortality studies may hinder accurate estimation of this disparity and may even be responsible for the observed black-white mortality crossover, especially if the linkage of surveys to death records during mortality follow-up is less accurate for black older adults. This study assesses black-white differences in the linkage of the 1986–2009 National Health Interview Survey to the National Death Index through 2011 and the implications of racial/ethnic differences in record linkage for mortality disparity estimates. Match class and match score (i.e., indicators of linkage quality) differ by race/ethnicity, with black adults exhibiting less certain matches than white adults in all age groups. The magnitude of the black-white mortality disparity varies with alternative linkage scenarios, but convergence and crossover continue to be observed in each case. Beyond black-white differences in linkage quality, this study also identifies declines over time in linkage quality and even eligibility for linkage among all adults. Although linkage quality is lower among black adults than white adults, differential record linkage does not account for the black-white mortality crossover.
Achilles Tendon Loading is Lower in Older Adults Than Young Adults Across a Broad Range of Walking Speeds
Authors: Ebrahimi Anahid , Loegering Isaac F. , Martin Jack A. , Pomeroy Robin L. , Roth Joshua Daniel , Thelen Darryl
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related differences in Achilles tendon loading during gait. Fourteen young (7F/7M, 26 ± 5 years) and older (7F/7M, 67 ± 5 years) adults without current neurological or orthopaedic impairment participated. Shear wave tensiometry was used to measure tendon stress by tracking Achilles tendon wave speed. The wave speed-stress relationship was calibrated using simultaneously collected tensiometer and force plate measures during a standing sway task. Tendon stress was computed from the force plate measures using subject-specific ultrasound measures of tendon moment arm and cross-sectional area. All subjects exhibited a highly linear relationship between wave speed squared and tendon stress (mean R2>0.9), with no significant age-group differences in tensiometer calibration parameters. Tendon wave speed was monitored during treadmill walking at four speeds (0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 m/s) and used to compute the stress experienced by the tendon. Relative to young adults, older adults exhibited 22% lower peak tendon wave speeds. Peak tendon stress during push-off in older adults (24.8 MPa) was 32% less than that in the young adults (36.7 MPa) (p = 0.01). There was a moderate increase (+11%) in peak tendon stress across both groups when increasing speed from 0.75 to 1.50 m/s (main effect of speed, p = 0.01). Peak tendon loading during late swing did not differ between age groups (mean 3.8 MPa in young and 4.2 MPa in older adults). These age-related alterations in tendon tissue loading may affect the mechanobiological stimuli underlying tissue remodeling and thereby alter the propensity for tendon injury and disease.
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) of Cisadane Estuarine Sediments
Authors: Lubis Ali Arman
Published: December 2019

Nuclear analytical technique instrumental neutron activation analysis was employed for the multielemental analysis of sediments collected from Cisadane estuary. This analytical technique provides concentration of 20 elementswhich consist of heavy metals and rare earth elements simultaneously. Two sediments cores were collected using core sampler for determining the distribution of all elements in the depth profiles of sediments. Sediment cores were subdivided into 2 cm increment, dried and sent to reactor for irradiation using thermal flux of ?1013 neutrons.cm-2.s-1 for 20 minutes in Research Reactor Siwabessy, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Serpong. Irradiated samples were measured using a multichannel analyzer (MCA) gamma spectrometer coupled with high purity germanium detector. Analysis of particle size was done since uptake of heavy metals by sediments is particle-size dependent. The results are presented and discussed.
Kopolimerisasi Grafting Campuran N-Isopropilakrilamida dan Glisidil Metakrilat pada Film Polietilen yang Diinduksi oleh Sinar Ultraviolet
Authors: Suka Irwan Ginting
Published: December 2019

Liquid phase ultraviolet irradiation was used to graft the mixtures of N-isopropylacrylamide and glycidyl methacrylateto a linear low-density polyethylene film (thickness of 30 μm) surface. Xanthone was used as photoinitiator, whichwas coated on the film surface earlier. The surface of the grafted polyethylene samples were characterized byattenuated total-reflection IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Elemental analysis indicated thatthe NIPAAm fraction with respect to GMA in the graft copolymer increased with increasing NIPAAm ratio in thecomonomer feed solution. The reactivity ratios of NIPAAm and GMA monomers determined in the present graftcopolymerization system were found to be 0,31 ± 0,1 and 4,8 ± 0,2, respectively. It was found that the epoxy groupsof GMA-grafted chains in the NIPAAm/GMA-grafted films have the ability to react with ethylenediamine (En). Theaminated NIPAAm/GMA-grafted film had an excellent ability to adsorb cupric ion. The temperature-responsivecharacter of the resulting grafted films was evaluated by measuring the water absorbency of the grafted NIPAAm/GMA when immersed in water and/or methanol at 5 to 50 0C.
Analisis Komposisi dan Kandungan Karotenoid Total dan Vitamin A Fraksi Cair dan Padat Minyak Sawit Kasar (CPO) Menggunakan KCKT Detektor PDA
Authors: Syahputra M. Rio , Karwur Ferry F , Limantara Leenawaty
Published: December 2019

This study was carried out on two phases of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) to determine the total and composition ofcarotenoid and vitamin A content. Total of carotenoid was analyzed using spectrophotometer UV-Vis, and then theresult was calculated by Gross (1991) equation. The vitamin A content was calculated by NAS-NRC equation (1974).The type and composition of both phases of CPO were determined by Choo’s method (1994) by using HPLC withPhoto Diode Array (PDA) detector. The sample was prepared in two methods, with and without saponification. Theresult shows that total carotenoids in liquid and solid phase of CPO are 536 ± 13.2 g/g (liquid), 352 ± 17.7 μg/g(solid) and the vitamin A were 89.4 ± 2.2 RE (liquid), 58.7 ± 3.0 RE (solid), respectively. The carotenoid compositionsof both phases of CPO were dominated by - and -carotenes. The result shows that - and -carotenes preparedby saponification method in liquid phase are 29.03% and 60.88%, and without saponification (direct method) are28.14% and 59.44%. The result for solid phase shows that - and -carotenes by saponification are 25.89% and60.81%, and without saponification (direct method) are 30.00% and 56.92%. The research also shows the advantagesof using HPLC with PDA detector for identification and analysis of type and carotenoid composition.
Penapisan Aktivitas dan Senyawa Antidiabetes Ekstrak Air Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans)
Authors: Nurulita Yuana , Dhanutirto Haryanto , Soemardji Andreanus A.
Published: December 2019

An investigation of the antidiabetic activity of Aqueous Extract and its fractions from a different polarity solvent:ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane of Dandang Gendis Leaves (Clinacanthus nutans Lindau) on Mile SwissWebster Mice has been carried out. The effect of aqueous extract of dose of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg BW wastested on glucose serum level of alloxan induced that mice. Its fractions were tested by glucose tolerance method.Aqueous extract (150 mg/kg BW) significantly decreased blood glucose serum level (pd”0,05) that had the sameeffect as oral glibenclamide (0,65 mg/kg BW) administrated once a day for 9 days. Aqueous extract that wasfractionated has 5 fraction. Fraction of ethanol extract that was insoluble in ethyl acetate at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW was the most active fraction, that significantly (p<0,05) decreased blood glucose serum level of mice atglucose tolerance method of 18,4% in 3 hours after 2 g/kg BW of glucose administration. Thin layer chromatography(TLC) of that fraction ethanol 95%-chloroform 9:2 as eluent gave 5 spots under ultraviolet ray and showed spesificcompounds by qualitative test. Spot 1 (steroid) gave Rf 0,14; spot 2 and spot 3 that gave Rf 0,53 and 0, 67 wereflavonoid, spot 4 (triterpenoid) gave Rf 0,77; and spot 5 (chlorophyll) gave Rf 0,89. This research show that this plantcan used for hipoglicemic traditional medicine.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Komponen Utama Minyak Atsiri dari Kulit Buah Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis L.) Asal Timor, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Siburian Rikson
Published: December 2019

Isolation and identifications of peel orange oils (Citrus sinensis, L.) which maserased by lard, coconut oil and mixof lard-coconut oil ( 2 : 1) has been done. This research aimed to obtain main component of peel orange oils fromTimor, knowing influence of lard, coconut oil and mix lard-coconut oils whom using as maserate to results ofchemistry components and atsiri’s oil rendemen product. In this research has been done by using maseration,extraction and using FT – IR and GC – MS as characterizations instruments. The results showed D- Limonen as amain component of atsiri oil from peel orange’s Timor.
Biologi Perbungaan Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flageliforme): Seludang Bunga Menghambat Penyerbukan?
Authors: Rachman Erlin
Published: December 2019

A study on the flower biology on keladi tikus (T. flageliforme) was conducted to uncover if its spathe inhibitspollination from external pollen resources and causes very low fruit set. The spathe box closely envelopes thesexually vital properties of its inflorenscence. Observation was carried out on some plant clump grown on someuniform potting. A hole was made with scalpel about 4 x 5 mm on a side of the spathe to break its isolation. Somenearer flowers in same clump were left without treatment at all as experimental control. Parameter observed waspresence or absence of seeded fruit setting on spadix. The study result showed that almost all treated flowerspadix per potting, set seeded fruits significantly higher (63, 69 ± 37, 64) than that of controls (3, 57 ± 9, 45) so it isa great possibility that spathe can inhibit partially fruit set. Flower structure and its reproductive phenology werealso described.
Keragaman Lumut pada Marga Pandanus di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Banten
Authors: Windadri Florentina Indah
Published: December 2019

Ujung Kulon National Park is one of conservation area in Banten Province. A research on bryophytes that grow onpandanus substrat in this area have been done at March to April 2008. The surrounding areas methode used onthis research. In the collections found 9 species usually growth on bark of Pandanus dubius. Two species wasreported as the important species, because one species (Fissidens teysmanianum Doz. & Molk) is endemicspecies in Java and the other (Calymperes cougiense Besch.) as abundant species in Malesia and it is only foundin Polynesia region.
Identifikasi Genetik Mutan Talinum paniculatum JACQ. (GAERTN.) Berdasarkan Marka RAPD
Authors: Poerba Yuyu Suryasari
Published: December 2019

Javasom Talinum paniculatum Jacq. (Gaertn.) is one of popular vegetable plants with potential medicinal properties.The plant root is often used as a substitute for ginseng (Panax ginseng L.), and the leaves are used as a vegetableand as a substitute for purslane (Portulaca olaraeae L.). An effort to improve genetic quality of the plant was madethrough induced mutation with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). A variety of EMS dosages (0, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%,1.2%, 1.5% dan 1.8%) were applied to javasom seeds to induce mutation for 24 hours at room temperature. Selectedfive putative mutant genotypes of the third generation after mutagen treatment (M3) was analyzed using Ramdomamplified polymorphic DNA (RAD) marker. Twenty RAPD primers generated 185 scorable bands with 78.92% ofthem were polymorphic. Size of the bands varied from 200bp to 2.5kbp. Clustering analysis was performed basedon RAPD profiles using the UPGMA method. The range of genetic distance among individual genotypes was fromfrom 0.31 to 0.58, while genetic variance was 0.29 + 0.17. The five genotypes were proof to be solid mutants.
Serapan Hara N, P, K, dan Hasil Berbagai Varietas Tanaman Padi Sawah dengan Pemberian Amelioran Ion Cu, Zn, Fe pada Tanah Gambut
Authors: Zahrah Siti
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted in the Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University and SoilLaboratory, BPTP Riau Province from August to December 2007. The research aim to study the effect of Cu2+, Zn2+,Fe3+ ameliorant addition in peat to N, P, K uptake and rice yield of various varieties. The experimental with CompletelyRandomized Design for Factorial 4 x 4 were used. The first factor was ameliorant addition, consists of four levels(Cu2+; Zn2+; Fe3+) and second factor based on varieties, consists of four levels (PB-42, IR-64, Ciherang, Cisantana).The result of research indicates that: (1) Interactian effect of treatment was significant to N, P, K uptake, productivestem, weight of dried seed, and weight of 1000 seeds, (2) The best treatment was Cu2+ ameliorant on IR-64 withuptake of N ( 254,0 mg/plant), P (32,8 mg/plant), K (76,0 mg/plant), productive stem (30,0 stems/plant), weight ofdried seed (63,9 g/plant), weight of 1000 seeds (23,7 g).
Improvement of Selected Induction Culture Media on Callus Induction in Anther Culture of Anthurium and a Histological Study on its Callus Formation
Authors: Winarto Budi , Mattjik Nurhayati Ansori , Purwito Agus , Marwoto Budi
Published: December 2019

Improvement of selected induction culture media on callus induction in anther culture of anthurium and a histologicalstudy on its callus formation were studied at the tissue culture laboratory of the Indonesian Ornamental CropsResearch Institute from February to October 2008. The objectives of the study were to optimize selected media forcallus formation, reveal cell origin of callus derived from anther culture and shoot formation process. Selectedmedia improved in the study were 1) MMS-TBN containing 0,5 mg/l TDZ, 1,0 mg/l BAP and 0,01 mg/l NAA (Winartomedium, WM) and 2) MMS III supplemented with 1,5 mg/l TDZ, 0,75 mg/l BAP and 0,02 mg/l NAA (Winarto andRachmawati medium, WRM). Improvement treatments were carried out by omission and application of 2,4-D in 0.5mg/l and reduction of medium strength of full, half, quarter, one eighth, one sixteenth, and zero strength. Afactorial experiment was arranged using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results ofthis study indicated that the highest callus induction was clearly established in WRM. The medium stimulatedpotential growth of anther (PGA) up to 81% with 49% of percentage of anther regeneration (PAR) and 2.7 number ofcallus formed per replication (NCF). Significant improvement in callus formation was also recorded by reduction ofmedium strength of WRM to one eighth compared to others. The reduction induced PGA up to 58% with 29% of PARand 1.8 NCF. From histological studies it was well recognized that regenerated callus on half anthers cultured wasoriginated from middle layer cells of anther wall. The morphogenic response of anther wall cells caused primarilyon no androgenesis effect in microspore cells.
Studies on Structural and Magnetic Properties in Co/Sm Multilayers
Authors: Erwin Erwin
Published: December 2019

Co/Sm multilayer films with structure of 20 [Co (x nm)/Sm (1.2 nm)] where x = 1.1, 2.2 and 4.2 nm and 20[Co (4.2nm)/Sm (x nm)] where x=1.2 nm to 7.5 nm were fabricated using dc magnetron sputtering. Each multilayer filmconsisted of 20 bilayers of Co layers with various thicknesses sandwiched with Sm layers. The application of lowangle X-ray diffraction measurements to the characterization of these multilayers is described. The periodiclayered structure with sharp interfaces was observed for all multilayer films. The measured magnetization valuesare lower than the values calculated in terms of the nominal concentration of cobalt in the multilayers. This impliessignificant “mixing” at small film thickness. The formation of a high magneto crystalline anisotropy of CoSm alloyat the interfaces, as a result of interdiffusion between Co and Sm layers was considered to be responsible for theincrease of the coercivity for Co/Sm multilayer.
Suhu dan Waktu Inkubasi untuk Optimasi Kandungan Eksopolisakarida dan Fitohormon Inokulan Cair Azotobacter sp. LKM6
Authors: Hindersah Reginawanti , Sudirja Rija
Published: December 2019

Azotobacter inoculation could play an important role to enhance the effectiveness of bioremediation since bacterialexopolysachharides form a complex with heavy metal. So that metal mobility in soil and its uptake by plantsincreased. Azotobacter also produce phytohormone which induce roots growth and subsequently the uptake ofnutrients. The objective of this research was to obtain optimal incubation temperature and time in Azotobacter sp.LKM6 liquid inoculants production in the fermentor to maximize the synthesis of exopolysachharides andphytohormones. The experiment arranged in Completely Randomized Design consisted of two incubationtemperature (room temperature and 300C). At 24, 36, and 48 hours incubation, the concentration of EPS andphytohormone cytokinin and giberrelin were occurred. The experimental results were 1) the best temperature andincubation time to produce Azotobacter sp. LKM6 liquid for bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil was30oC and 48 hours, and 2) inoculants production at 300C for 48 jam produce liquid inoculants containing 2.87mg L-1 exopolysachharides, 81.0 mg L-1 cytokinins and 18.7 mg L-1 giberrelin, and 13.12 x 108 cell ml-1.
Uji Efek Pelindung Hati Ekstrak Air Tanaman Kulit Lawang, Cinnamomum Cullilaban (Lauraceae), melalui Pemeriksaan MDA dan SOD Plasma Sel Darah Tikus
Authors: Soeksmanto Arif
Published: December 2019

Industrial growth, pollution, and the change of life style cause environmental degradation. This condition enhancesthe occurrence of degenerative diseases that more difficult to conquer than infective diseases. This promotes theuse of herbs in America up to 385% in period 1990-1997, wasting 4–12 billion dollar each year. World HealthOrganization (WHO) estimates approximately 4 billion or 80% of world citizens use herbs for their health care. Kulitlawang plants are medicinal plants grown endemically in Papua and Maluku regions. The existence of the plants inMaluku islands is considered as endangered species. Information on the plants in scientific publication is relativelylimited. meanwhile Cinnamomum sp. is known having high antioxidant compound. This research aimed to find outhepatoprotector effect of kulit lawang water extract through observation of MDA and SOD of venous blood of ratintoxicated with CCl4. Dosage used was based on result of effective dosage test which showed that water extractof kulit lawang plant of 20 mg/kg bw as highest dosage that did not harm animal health. Result of hepatoprotectoreffect test showed that MDA and SOD of control were 230.12 U/ml and 1243.00 ρmol/ml, whereas water extract ofkulit lawang was 414.45 U/ml and 793.00 ρ mol/ml, á-tocopherol 416.42 U/ml and 782.33 ρmol/ml, and curcumin426.07 U/ml and 734.00 ρmol/ml. This showed that water extract of kulit lawang plant has antioxidant propertiesand potential as hepatoprotector of oxidative damage.
Senyawa Phenolik Akar Pisang CV. Kepok (Musa acuminata) yang Diinduksi dengan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular Indigenus PU10-Glomus sp 1 terhadap Penyakit Darah Bakteri
Authors: Suswati Suswati , Habazar Trimurti , Husin Eti Farda , Nasir Nasril , Putra Dedi Prima , Taylor Peter
Published: December 2019

Cooking banana (Musa acuminata) cv. Kepok is the most susceptible to Blood disease bacterium (BDB) infection.From previous study revealed the best isolate indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi-Pasar Usang 10 (PU10-Glomus sp 1) could induce cv.Kepok resistance to BDB in green house and field experiment. The AMF could changethe phenolic compound in root plant. This objectives were to measure the root phenolic compound and bioassayto BDB. The 50 grams fresh inoculant PU10-Glomus sp 1 were applicated to banana root plants 60 days old with 6levels time course: 12; 24; 36; 48; 72; 92 hours and control (without PU10-Glomus sp 1). The root methanolicextraction followed to Echeverri et al., (2002) methode with vacuum concentration of the filtrate and partitioninginto ethyl acetate revealed the presence of an antibacterial compound as detected by TLC (Thin LayerChromatography), assay phenolic contained by Spectrofotometer UV-Vis 1700. PharmaSpec. Shimadzu andbioassay using BDB. Nine antibacterial compounds rose from root banana seedling colonized by PU10-Glomus sp1 in 12 hours after applicated (haa) ; 24; 36 and 48 haa. They were with Rf values of 0.16; 0.17; 0.19; 0.26; 0.32; 0.37;0.71; 0.80 and 0.83 on silica plates run in hexane:ethyl acetate (1:2 v/v) and control contained only 0.05 and 0.28.These compounds produced fluorescens which was bright yellow green spots and purple and have antimicbrobialproperties to BDB.
Kandungan Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) dan Tembaga (Cu) pada Sedimen dan Siput Strombus Canarium Pantai Pulau Bintan
Authors: Nasution Syafruddin
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted at North Bintan island waters. The sample of sediment and snail S. canarium hasbeen taken from four locations those were Busung, Lobam, Sebung, and Tanjung Bakau coastal waters. Analysisof metal concentrations both in sediment and snail conducted by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS)Solar 969 AA. The result showed the highest concentration of Cadmium (Cd) and Cuprum (Cu) in sediment whichwere 0.51 ppm (Cd) and 13.22 ppm (Cu). While the highest concentration of these metals in snail S. Canarium wichwere 0.56 ppm (Cd) and 8.42 (Cu), indicating that the concentration in both sediment and snail still below thenormal threshold. It could be concluded that the Bintan Coast has not been polluted but lightly contaminated.
Isolasi Bakteri dan Karakterisasi Protease dari Sumber Air Rawa Indralaya
Authors: Baehaki Ace , Rinto Rinto , Ramiadi Agus
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to bacteria isolation and characterization proteases from water swamp. The water swamp samples collected fromIndralaya for microbial isolation. Three isolates showed proteolytic index >1.00. The optimum pH of extraceluller proteases from A6S3,A4S3 and A15S3 were 7.5; 8.0; 8.0, respectively. The optimum temperature of A6S3, A4S3 and A15S3 protease were 40; 50; 50 oC,respectively. Effect of metal ion (Fe, K, Mn, and Zn) shown Fe and K were inhibit protease A6S3, all metal ion were inhibit protease A4S3and K, Mn and Zn inhibit protease A15S3. Study on the effect of metals ion and spesific inhibitors indicated that all protease weremetaloprotease. Their moleculer weights were determined by using SDS-PAGE and zymogram technique for A6S3 isolate were 70, 88, 106and 121 kD respectively. Whereas for isolate A4S3 was 138 kD and isolate A15S3 was 131 kD.
Efisiensi Makan Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Bawang Daun, Sawi Hijau dan Seledri di Laboratorium
Authors: Hariani Nova , Ahmad Intan , Rahayu Resti
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research is to gain further understanding of how particular insect species respons to different host plants. This research isconsidered as preliminary research in integrated pest management for Spodoptera exigua. We report herein the consumption and utilizationof green onion (Allium fistulosum), caisin (Brassica rapa subsp. Parachinensis) and celery (Apium graveolens) by Spodoptera exigua. Theevaluation of indices of food consumption, growth and food utilization showed that caisin (Brassica rapa subsp. Parachinensis) was the bestfood for the last instar larvae of S. exigua as compared with celery or green onion. Growth rates and efficiency of conversion of ingestedfood to biomass (ECI) were significantly higher for larvae fed caisin (11.93%) than for those given green onion (8.06%) or celery (7.74%)Although the protein content of caisin (2.23%) was a bit lower than that of green onion (2.45%) but higher than celery (1.28%), we suspectthat the larvae performed best in caisin due to good balance between protein and carbohydrate as well as water content in caisin as comparedwith other host plants.
Keragaman Genetik berbagai Isolat Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) dan Virulensinya terhadap Crocidolomia pavonana
Authors: Trizelia Trizelia , Santoso Teguh , Sosromarsono Soemartono , Rauf Aunu , Sudirman Lisdar I
Published: December 2019

The objectives of the research were to study the genetic variability of various Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. isolates andvirulence to Crocidolomia pavonana. Thirteen isolates of B. bassiana were isolated from Nilaparvata lugens (Stål),Leptocorisa oratorius (F.), Thrips sp., Hypothenemus hampei (Ferr.), Crocidolomia pavonana (F.), Spodoptera litura (F.),Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esp.), and Riptortus linearis (L.) pests from different geographical locations in Indonesia. Fourteendifferent random primers were used to amplify DNA. Clustering of isolates were obtained using Unweight Pair GroupMethod Avarage (UPGMA). The results showed that only OPA08 primer generated more polymorphic DNA fragments.Result of clustering analysis showed that B. bassiana isolates forms two groups having genetic similarity equal to 55%.Clustering of isolates does not correlate to host type nor geographic origin. Mortality of second instar C. pavonana larvaewas dependent on the fungal isolates. At a concentration of 108 conidia/ml, isolate Bb-La2 had the highest virulence whichcaused 65% mortality of 2nd instar larvae. Isolates of B. bassiana is virulent against C. pavonana larvae present in the samegenotype group.