bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scoping review: quality of life of siblings of children who are deaf and hard of hearing, have a vision or motor impairment
Authors: Veldhorst Carlijn , Luijmes Anna , Kef Sabina , Vervloed Mathijs P. J. , Steenbergen Bert
Published: November 2023

This study identified the current state of knowledge about the Quality of Life (QoL) of siblings of children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH), have a vision impairment (VI) or motor impairment (MI). Additionally, factors associated with individual variation in QoL were examined. A scoping review was performed using PsycInfo, ERIC, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Empirical studies with siblings (age 0-18 years) of children who are DHH, have a VI or MI that investigate the QoL of siblings were included. A total of 1746 studies were identified of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that QoL has different interpretations and various measurement tools are used. The findings showed both positive and negative outcomes for the QoL of siblings. For example, family cohesion was found as a positive consequence. A negative consequence could be a higher score on problem behavior. Personal and parental characteristics such as age and parental availability were two main factors related to individual variation in QoL. Insight in the factors related to individual variation may help researchers to consider the research perspective. In addition, healthcare providers can use the information to be either aware or intervene on specific factors that are related to the QoL of the children who are DHH, have a VI or MI and their siblings.
Physical activity as a modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease
Authors: Chan Charlotte Cheuk Kwan , Chan Alice Kit Ying , Chu Chun Hung , Tsang Yiu Cheung
Published: November 2023

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which contribute significantly to global morbidity, are largely preventable through behavioral changes. As with other NCDs, periodontitis is associated with modifiable risk factors such as smoking and stress and is linked to multiple adverse health outcomes through a shared pathway of chronic systemic inflammation. While the health benefits of physical activity have been widely promoted in public health and extensively studied for other systemic conditions, its impact on periodontal health has only recently started to gain attention. This article critically evaluates the current literature on the relationship between physical activity and periodontitis. While cross-sectional studies have shown an inverse association between physical activity levels and periodontitis risk in the general population, clinical oral health surveys of elite athletes with high levels of physical activity have nonetheless revealed poor periodontal conditions. Although causality has not been determined, physical activity could positively impact periodontitis directly, by reducing inflammatory biomarkers, and indirectly, through its modulatory effects on insulin sensitivity, obesity, bone density, stress, and other health promoting behaviors. Given the importance of risk factor control during initial periodontal therapy, understanding the role of physical activity as a potential behavioral risk modifier is paramount. The findings of this review provide an evidence-based overview of how physical activity could influence periodontitis. There is a need for longitudinal cohort studies to verify the temporality of the reported associations and exclude confounders, while interventions are needed to assess the efficacy of physical activity on periodontal treatment outcomes.
Prioritizing preferred traits in the yam value chain in Nigeria: a gender situation analysis
Authors: Okoye Benjamin , Ofoeze Miriam , Ejechi Mercy , Onwuka Samuel , Nwafor Solomon , Onyemauwa Nnaemeka , Ukeje Blessing , Eluagu Chinwe , Obidiegwu Jude , Olaosebikan Olamide , Madu Tessy
Published: November 2023

This study describes what did and did not work in the prioritization of preferred traits within the value chain of yam and associated food products (boiled and pounded yam) in Nigeria. Demand-led breeding protocols have enhanced participatory methods along gender lines to increase the clarity of information on the yam traits preferred by farmers and other end users. Drawing on the experience of the cross-cutting gender team at the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, and partners, this study documents the successes and constraints in the use of gender-inclusive approaches for effective breeding. Methods in our gender studies involve critical assessment of the distinction between quantitative and qualitative research, with particular attention to measurement. Various techniques for data collection, such as interviews, observation, and archival studies, are assessed to locate their potential for constructing successful research projects. The methods used include participatory varietal selection, participatory plant breeding, focused discussions with farmer groups, value chain mapping, G+ tools, trait preferences (processing and consumption), triangulation of multi-disciplinary datasets, and social survey research. Yam production in southeast Nigeria is dominated by men, while women are the main processors. Gendered power play, access to resources, and decision-making have been found to constrain women's participation in yam production (and in yam research). Sex disaggregation was applied within the value chain studies to capture the complementarity and differences in the perceptions of women and men. The methods used facilitated the development and release to farmers in 2023 of three improved yam varieties with consumer-preferred characteristics such as high yield, high dry matter content, white tubers, and good boiling and pounding capability. The success stories also show that effective communication and cooperation within the gender cross-cutting team and farmer groups are important for better results. When gender specialists, food scientists, and breeders work together, innovations are created, challenges are overcome, and information is shared.
Case report: Intracoelomic neoplastic mass of undetermined origin in an Asia minor spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca ibera)
Authors: François Camille , Paillusseau Clément , Bagatella Stefano , Origgi Francesco , Schilliger Lionel
Published: November 2023

This article describes the diagnostic, treatment and attempted characterization of a neoplasia of undetermined origin in a Asia minor spur-thighed tortoise. A 21-year-old male Asia minor spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca ibera) was admitted for a 4-month history of diarrhea, and a 2-month history of anorexia and lethargy. Physical examination revealed a firm midcoelomic mass in the right prefemoral fossa. Blood biochemistry indicated hypocalcemia and mild elevation of aspartate aminotransferase. Supportive care was administered in the form of heating, baths, and calcium injections. Ultrasound examination of the coelomic cavity revealed a 6-cm diameter, highly vascularized mass with liver-like echogenicity. Neoplasia was suspected, and endoscopy was performed, revealing a brown circumscribed mass with smooth edges. Surgical removal of the mass was evaluated by CT scan and achieved via a plastrotomy; however, the patient died 1 day post-surgery. The mass was located on the dorsal right side of the coelomic cavity in the anatomic location of the right testicle. Histopathology revealed neoplastic cells organized in packets supported by fibrous septa. Neoplastic cells showed moderate and inconsistent positive immunohistochemical labeling for S100 and NSE, and negative immunohistochemical labeling for pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, CD3, CD79a, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin. The prominent histological and anatomical characteristics of the mass indicated a possible testicular or neuroendocrine (e.g., adrenal gland) origin. Due to inconclusive immunohistochemical profiles and poorly differentiated neoplastic cells, only a final diagnosis of intracoelomic malignant tumor of undetermined origin could be established. This case underscores the difficulties encountered in achieving definitive diagnoses of neoplastic diseases in reptile medicine.
Estimation of Manure Emissions Issued from Different Chinese Livestock Species: Potential of Future Production
Authors: He Tao , Zhang Wenya , Zhang Hanwen , Sheng Jinliang
Published: November 2023

In this study, mathematical models are used to estimate the emissions of livestock excreta (LE) generated by China’s livestock industry more accurately. Also, the spatial relationship between provinces is analyzed. LE emissions are predicted for the next decade through appropriate parameters and non-parametric models. Additionally, a literature review is conducted to propose two hypotheses. As revealed by the research, there are four stages that LE emissions experience over time. From 2017 to 2021, LE emissions showed a trend of steady increase, suggesting a stronger awareness of the issue and the enforcement of more measures related to management and emission reduction. According to the results of a spatial analysis, there was no significant positive or negative correlation present between LE emissions in different provinces of China. In the selection of the prediction model, the BP-RE model achieved the best predictive performance. According to the prediction results, the fresh weight emissions from China’s livestock industry will increase by 24.53% by 2031, while dry weight emissions will decrease by 28.06%. Large-scale aquaculture farms show an upward trend, with fresh weight and dry weight emissions rising by 11.16% and 2.05%, respectively. Therefore, in light of this study’s findings, it is crucial for China to pursue additional measures in reducing LE emissions, despite the implementation of existing management policies. These insights can inform the development of livestock and poultry manure management policies and resource utilization strategies for the coming decade.
Usefulness of Living Mulch in Rows in a Dwarf Pear, Pyrus communis L., Orchard
Authors: Sosna Ireneusz , Fudali Ewa
Published: November 2023

The key problem in the cultivation of densely planted dwarf orchards is the removal of weeds—trees’ competitors for habitat resources. There is an urgent need to look for ecological methods of weed control as an alternative to herbicides that are harmful to the environment. The use of living mulch (LM) in tree rows additionally improves soil quality but usually weakens tree growth and may reduce yield. The aim of this 11-year experiment was to assess the impact of the use of two different LMs in rows (Trifolium repens—Tr and Agrostis capillaris—Ac) on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of three pear cultivars on Quince S1 rootstock compared to herbicide fallow. The presence of LM did not significantly affect tree growth. There was no significant effect of either mulch on the cumulative yield. However, for the first 4–6 years, the yield was clearly lower than in the control, which changed in the later years of the experiment. When LMs were used, pear trees showed a significantly lower tendency to alternate fruiting. The average fruit weight was significantly lower in Tr, but the other parameters of external fruit quality did not differ significantly. Furthermore, a smaller share of ultra-small fruit was found with LM compared to the control. The LM did not significantly affect such parameters as the content of soluble solids, vitamin C, Ca, Mg, and P. The use of Ac in dwarf pear orchards with sowing in tree rows is recommended in the 2nd or 3rd year after planting at the earliest.
Effects of Silicon Alone and Combined with Organic Matter and Trichoderma harzianum on Sorghum Yield, Ions Accumulation and Soil Properties under Saline Irrigation
Authors: Silva José Orlando Nunes da , Pessoa Luiz Guilherme Medeiros , Silva Emanuelle Maria da , Silva Leonardo Raimundo da , Freire Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos , Souza Eduardo Soares de , Ferreira-Silva Sérgio Luiz , França José Geraldo Eugênio de , Silva Thieres George Freire da , Alencar Eurico Lustosa do Nascimento
Published: November 2023

The action of silicon as a salt stress mitigator has been investigated in isolation, and its combined efficacy with other salt stress mitigators needs to be addressed. This work verified whether silicon, in combination with organic matter and Trichoderma harzianum, enhances the production of forage sorghum under saline irrigation and its effects on soil properties. The field experiment was conducted in Parnamirim (PE), a semiarid region of Brazil. Forage sorghum (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) was irrigated with saline water (3.12 dS m−1) and subjected to the application of non-silicon, silicon alone, and silicon combined with Trichoderma and organic matter over three consecutive cuts (every three months after germination). Silicon applied in combination significantly increased the content of nutrient ions K+, P, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in sorghum leaves, stems, and panicles and increased P content in the soil by 170, 288, and 92% for the first, second, and third cuts, respectively. When silicon was applied in combination, sorghum’s dry and fresh matter (total yield for the three cuts) increased to 62.53 and 182.43 t ha−1, respectively. In summary, applying silicon (Si) combined with Trichoderma and organic matter promotes higher nutrient ion contents in soil and sorghum plants and a higher forage sorghum yield.
Soil Properties of Fallow Land Invaded by Black Cherry (Padus serotina (Ehrh.) Borkh.)
Authors: Bączek Paulina , Halarewicz Aleksandra , Pruchniewicz Daniel , Podlaska Magda , Kawałko Dorota
Published: November 2023

The extensive spread of the invasive black cherry, Padus serotina, has been observed on abandoned agricultural land in Central and Eastern Europe. However, the impact of this species on invaded agroecosystems is still unknown, including the possibility of returning these ecosystems to agricultural production. In order to evaluate the selected soil properties of fallows invaded by P. serotina, their texture, field water capacity, reaction, and content of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available forms of potassium and phosphorus were determined for 100 study plots. Taking into account the influence of soil conditions on floristic composition, the area covered by individual plant species in the study plots was also included in the analysis. A relationship was found between the presence of all the developmental stages of P. serotina and an increase in the phosphorus content in the soil. With the growth of a black cherry shrub layer, the content of soil nitrogen and potassium increased. An increasing proportion of P. serotina in the herb layer contributed to soil acidification and reduced the water content available for plants in the arable layer at 20–40 cm. The possible impact of P. serotina on soil properties may be an additional premise when considering the possibilities and benefits of the recultivation of fallow land invaded by this species.
Development of Triploid Seedless Nagpur Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) through Endosperm Rescue
Authors: Narukulla Vijayakumari , Lahane Yogesh , Pandey Shashi , Fiske Krutika , Uge Priya , Kawale Kartiki , Ziogas Vasileios
Published: November 2023

Nagpur mandarin is a popular table fruit across India and is exported to various countries. Only 1% of the total production is processed into various products. The development of seedless cultivars will boost agricultural incomes by enhancing the potential for export and processing. At present, only a couple of commercially seedless varieties are available, but these have yet to become popular. A research study was undertaken to quickly develop a high-quality seedless variety of Nagpur mandarin by combining the available technologies, viz., endosperm rescue, somatic embryogenesis, and mini-grafting, at CCRI, Nagpur. Complete plantlets of C. reticulata Blanco cv. Nagpur mandarin was successfully regenerated from hybrid endosperm tissue via somatic embryogenesis after attempting various permutations and combinations of media at various stages of regeneration, right from the primary callus to complete plantlet production. Maximum response (93.33%) and survival (91.67%) for primary callus induction were obtained in Murashige and Tucker (MT) + Malt Extract (ME) + Casein Hydrolysate (CH) (500 mg/L) +2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2 mg/L) medium. Maximum stimulation for embryogenesis and morphogenesis occurred in 2MT + CH (500 mg/L) + adenine sulfate (ad.s) (2 mg/L) + Benzyl Adenine (BA) (0.25 mg/L). The highest response (95.84%) for shoot differentiation occurred in MT + adenine sulphate (2 mg/L) + Gibberellic Acid (GA3) (1 mg/L) + BA (1 mg/L) (94.85%). The surviving plantlets were tested for ploidy status through flow Cytometry, chromosomal counting/cytogenetic technique, leaf morphology, stomatal characteristics, and the appearance of prominent thorns. In initial evaluation trials, the fruits of the triploid field-planted trees were found to be commercially seedless. These results demonstrated the recovery of stable triploids from the hybrid endosperm via somatic embryogenesis, which is the first of its kind in the field of Citrus triploid breeding in India.
Reaching a Wider Audience: Instagram’s Role in Dairy Cow Nutrition Education and Engagement
Authors: Muca Edlira , Buonaiuto Giovanni , Lamanna Martina , Silvestrelli Simone , Ghiaccio Francesca , Federiconi Alessia , De Matos Vettori Julio , Colleluori Riccardo , Fusaro Isa , Raspa Federica , Valle Emanuela , Formigoni Andrea , Cavallini Damiano
Published: November 2023

The paper presents an overview of the usage of Instagram as a social media platform for teaching and engagement in the field of dairy cow nutrition and management. Our Instagram content, which includes posts, stories, hashtags, reels, and live videos, aims to educate and engage our followers and covers a wide range of topics, including research updates, student activities, and information on dairy cow health and welfare. This approach to education allows us to reach a larger audience while also providing a forum for interaction and discussion on essential dairy cow nutrition concerns.
A Snapshot on the Genomic Epidemiology of Turkey Reovirus Infections, Hungary
Authors: Gál Bence , Varga-Kugler Renáta , Ihász Katalin , Kaszab Eszter , Farkas Szilvia , Marton Szilvia , Martella Vito , Bányai Krisztián
Published: November 2023

Reovirus infections in turkeys are associated with arthritis and lameness. Viral genome sequence data are scarce, which makes an accurate description of the viral evolution and epidemiology difficult. In this study, we isolated and characterized turkey reoviruses from Hungary. The isolates were identified in 2016; these isolates were compared with earlier Hungarian turkey reovirus strains and turkey reoviruses isolated in the 2010s in the United States. Gene-wise sequence and phylogenetic analyses identified the cell-receptor binding protein and the main neutralization antigen, σC, to be the most conserved. The most genetically diverse gene was another surface antigen coding gene, μB. This gene was shown to undergo frequent reassortment among chicken and turkey origin reoviruses. Additional reassortment events were found primarily within members of the homologous turkey reovirus clade. Our data showed evidence for low variability among strains isolated from independent outbreaks, a finding that suggests a common source of turkey reoviruses in Hungarian turkey flocks. Given that commercial vaccines are not available, identification of the source of these founder virus strains would permit a more efficient prevention of disease outbreaks before young birds are settled to fattening facilities.
Diet Mixing and Supplementation Present an Opportunity to Increase the Use of Encroaching Woody Plants by Goats
Authors: Monegi Piet , Mkhize Ntuthuko Raphael , Masondo Purity Thobekile , Mbatha Khanyisile Rebecca , Luseba Dibungi , Tjelele Julius Tlou
Published: November 2023

Along with the woody plant expansion that is predicted to continue at the expense of the grassy layer is the increasing societal demand for animal protein and livestock products. Unless concerted efforts by land users, ecologists, and animal scientists are made to increase the utilization of trees and shrubs as forage, it will be impossible to meet future demand for meat and meat products. We conducted two short-term pen experiments to determine the effects of (1) supplementation with polyethylene glycol (PEG-a polymer purported to bind and neutralize the negative effects of tannins), a high-protein source (soybean meal), and a high-energy source (yellow maize grain) and (2) diet mixing (single-species vs. multispecies diets) on the intake of condensed tannin-rich woody plants (i.e., Searsia lancea, S. pyroides, and Euclea crispa) by goats. While all three forage species were used in the diet mixing experiment (Exp. 2), only E. crispa was used in the supplementation experiment (Exp. 1). Supplementing goats with energy- and protein-rich sources significantly increased the intake of E. crispa (p < 0.05), 713.4 g ± 13.5 and 760 g ± 28.9, respectively, whereas those on the control diet maintained their intake at 540.32 g ± 11.2. Although PEG tended to increase the consumption of E. crispa by goats, the observed increase was not significant (p > 0.05) from that observed in other treatments. In the diet mixing experiment, goats offered a combination of all three forage species attained substantially higher dry matter intakes compared to the goats offered these species individually (p < 0.05). While longer-term field experiments are needed in the African savannas, we postulate from the current results that management strategies that provide animals with (1) a variety of species in the diet vs. monocultures and (2) a combination of nutrient-rich and tannin-rich species may improve the ability of goats to consume chemically defended woody plants.
In Situ Provisioning Wildlife with Food, Water, or Shelter after Bushfires: Using a One Welfare Framework to Guide Responses
Authors: Jones Bidda , Herbert Catherine , Finnerty Samantha , Kennedy Brooke , Lykins Amy , Martin John M. , McManus Phil , Raubenheimer David , Shaw Michelle , McGreevy Paul D.
Published: November 2023

Australia’s 2019–2020 bushfires had a devastating impact on animals, humans, and ecosystems. They also demonstrated the lack of evidence or guidance for wildlife provisioning in response to severe fire events when volunteers and wildlife organisations rose to respond. In addition, the unprecedented scale and intensity of the fires and an absence of institutional support for wildlife provisioning meant that well-intentioned interventions were largely uncoordinated and lacked clear short-term, mid-term, and long-term objectives. Fundamentally, a lack of consensus was revealed on whether any such interventions are advisable. Given the strong evidence indicating that future bushfire seasons will become longer and more intense in Australia and elsewhere, the welfare and survival of millions of wild animals are at risk every year. Understanding the impacts of supplementary resource interventions and contributing to the development of best practice information is crucial to inform the response to the next major fire event. Here, we contextualize the arguments for and against provisioning within a ‘One Welfare’ framework that recognizes that animal welfare, biodiversity, and the environment are intertwined with human welfare and community resilience. We propose that the One Welfare approach can facilitate appropriate consideration of the extant scientific and lay literature; local legislation; views of stakeholders; emerging data; and modelling from historic fire events. As a further step, we see merit in engaging with wildlife provisioners and the broader conservation community to build an evidence base for future wildlife provisioning activities. From an informed position, we can encourage beneficial interventions and reduce the risk of negative outcomes. Finally, we propose controlled experiments (e.g., using hazard reduction burns), ongoing data collection using emergent technology, and longitudinal analysis to address shifting research priorities as the climate changes. We conclude that the ordered collection of the necessary evidence relevant to each of the three stakeholder groups in the One Welfare framework has the greatest potential to support an informed policy platform on wildlife provisioning across Australia that is feasible, legal, and sustainable.
CPSR-HQKDN: A Hybrid Trusted Relay Quantum Key Distribution Network Routing Scheme Based on Classification of Packet Security Requirements
Authors: Bi Lin , Wu Weijie , Yuan Xiaotong , Miao Minghui , Di Xiaoqiang , Jiang Zhengang
Published: November 2023

To ensure the security of information exchange in software-defined optical networks, quantum key distribution (QKD) based on quantum mechanics is introduced. However, the slow and valuable process of generating quantum key resources contradicts the high-speed data transmission requirements of optical networks. To address this issue, this paper proposes the CPSR-HQKDN scheme, which takes into account factors such as security requests, key demand, key residual, and key update rates for trusted and untrusted links. This approach improves resource utilization and service efficiency by optimizing the processing order of key requests. Moreover, the routing strategy dynamically adjusts based on the network resource environment, thereby increasing the success rate of key requests. Through simulation experiments comparing the performance of the CPSR-HQKDN routing scheme with existing schemes, it is observed that in high-concurrent scenarios, the CPSR-HQKDN routing scheme can improve the success rate of key requests by at least 5%.
Study on the Performance of Twin Shield Tunnel Excavation below Existing Multi-Arch Culvert Bridge in Close Vicinity
Authors: Bao Xiaohua , Bao Zhizao , Shen Jun , Wu Shidong , Yang Shuming , Chen Xiangsheng
Published: November 2023

Various adjacent construction projects are inevitably encountered during the large-scale construction of urban underground transportation. The case of a twin shield tunnel excavated below an existing multi-arch culvert bridge in close vicinity has not yet been thoroughly studied. A case of a shield tunnel excavation below an existing multi-arch culvert bridge in Foshan is presented. First, a fully coupled three-dimensional model incorporating fluid and solid interactions was established to simulate the twin shield tunnel excavation below the existing multi-arch culvert bridge in close vicinity. Subsequently, the numerical model was validated using the modified Peck empirical formula. Finally, the influence of different foundation reinforcement deformation moduli, tunnel excavation face support pressures and grouting pressures on ground deformation was discussed. The results indicate that the area most significantly affected by the excavation of the tunnel passing underneath is not within the section of the multi-arch culvert bridge after applying the foundation reinforcement design. The area most significantly impacted is concentrated as the shield tunnel commences excavation and advances beneath the location corresponding to the 1-hole of the steel corrugated pipe. The range of influence of the ground disturbance extends approximately 7 m in front of the excavation face before the tunnel passed through. The range of ground disturbance decreases to 4–6 m in front of the excavation face after the tunnel passed through. The excavation face support pressure and grouting pressure have a minor impact on the settlement of the multi-arch culvert bridge under this reinforcement design. The results provide useful references for the reinforcement design for tunnel excavation adjacent to existing structures.
Design of an Energy Harvester Based on a Rubber Bearing Floating Slab Track
Authors: Yu Shuo , Li Zheng , Jin Hao , Yin Donghao , Yan Jiajia
Published: November 2023

It is known that a large amount of vibration mechanical energy will be generated during train operation. If the mechanical energy can be obtained from the track structure, it can greatly optimize the energy configuration of the metro. Currently, most sensors are limited to disk or cymbal structures and are not used in the track bed; different from existing structures, this paper designs a spherical energy harvester based on a rubber bearing floating slab track, wherein the size range of the spherical energy harvesting structure was approximately determined based on the geometric spatial relationships of the actual track bed internal structure. Compared to the traditional disk and cymbal energy harvesters, the mechanical and electrical properties of the spherical energy harvesting structure was studied by a numerical simulation method, and the optimal size of the spherical energy was determined by calculation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Compared with the traditional disk harvester and cymbal harvester, the spherical harvester had better mechanical and electrical properties. (2) By calculating the output power of energy harvesters under load matching, we found that the output power of the spherical harvester was two orders of magnitude higher than that of the disk harvester and 53% higher than that of the cymbal harvester. (3) The optimum size of the spherical harvester was when the thickness of piezoelectric layer was 2 mm, the radius was 16 mm, the axial ratio of the spherical shell was 0.4, and the thickness of the spherical shell was 4 mm.
Recording of Full-Color Snapshot Digital Holographic Portraits Using Neural Network Image Interpolation
Authors: Gentet Philippe , Coffin Matteo , Gentet Yves , Lee Seung-Hyun
Published: November 2023

For 60 years, high-energy pulsed lasers have enabled the recording of extremely realistic portraits of living people within a few nanoseconds. In the 21st century, this confidential technique, which requires great skill and equipment, has almost disappeared because of the final monochromatic color of the holograms, which does not appeal to the public. In this study, we show that ultra-realistic, full-color, and full-parallax snapshot holographic portraits can be recorded using a limited number of synchronized HD cameras. Experiments were successfully conducted using the digital CHIMERA holographic stereogram printing technique combined with image interpolation using a neural network. This new recording method allows holographic portraits to be developed and disseminated to the public on a larger scale.
Iterative Equalization and Decoding over an Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel with ISI Using Low-Density Parity-Check Codes
Authors: Cuc Adriana-Maria , Morgoș Florin Lucian , Grava Adriana-Marcela , Grava Cristian
Published: November 2023

In this article we present an iterative system of equalization and decoding to manage the intersymbol interference over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Following the classic turbo equalization scheme, the proposed system consists of low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding at the transmitter side; we applied a Log maximum a posteriori probability (Log-MAP) equalizer and min-sum LDPC decoding at the receiver side. The equalizer and decoder, linked through interleaving and deinterleaving, iteratively update each other’s information. We performed the performance analysis of the proposed system, bit error rate (BER) vs. signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), considering three different impulse responses of the channel (h). Our experimental results indicated that increasing the number of iterations performed by the LDPC decoder from 10 to 20 during the iterative process of equalization and decoding leads to better outcomes. The proposed system was compared with turbo equalization and separate equalization, performed before the decoding process with minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and LDPC decoding, in terms of BER vs. SNR, considering the three different h. Based on the analyzed results, it can be concluded that the equalization performance depends on both the impulse responses of the channel and the chosen decoding and equalization method; therefore, the equalization method does not always offer good results for any h.
An Analysis of the Stress State in Powder Compacts during Unloading, Emphasizing the Influence from Different Frictional Models
Authors: Staf Hjalmar , Larsson Per-Lennart
Published: November 2023

Finite element (FE) simulations are frequently used nowadays in order to analyse powder compaction and sintering, for example, when determining the shape of a cutting blank insert. Such analyses also make it possible to determine in detail the stress state in a powder compact during loading and unloading. This is certainly important as (residual) tensile stresses can lead to cracking, either after unloading or during the subsequent sintering step. The magnitude of plastic deformation is also an issue here. Concerning the stress state in the powder compact, the frictional behaviour (between walls and powder compact) is of great importance. For this reason, in the present study, two frictional models are implemented into a commercial FE software, and numerical results based on the stress state before and during unloading are derived. The two friction models produce quite different results, and it is obvious that the frictional behaviour at powder pressing has to be carefully accounted for in order to achieve results of high accuracy.
DPMS: Data-Driven Promotional Management System of Universities Using Deep Learning on Social Media
Authors: Hossain Mohamed Emran , Faruqui Nuruzzaman , Mahmud Imran , Jan Tony , Whaiduzzaman Md , Barros Alistair
Published: November 2023

SocialMedia Marketing (SMM) has become a mainstream promotional scheme. Almost every business promotes itself through social media, and an educational institution is no different. The users’ responses to social media posts are crucial to a successful promotional campaign. An adverse reaction leaves a long-term negative impact on the audience, and the conversion rate falls. This is why selecting the content to share on social media is one of the most effective decisions behind the success of a campaign. This paper proposes a Data-Driven Promotional Management System (DPMS) for universities to guide the selection of appropriate content to promote on social media, which is more likely to obtain positive user reactions. The main objective of DPMS is to make effective decisions for Social Media Marketing (SMM). The novel DPMS uses a well-engineered and optimized BiLSTM network, classifying users’ sentiments about different university divisions, with a stunning accuracy of 98.66%. The average precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score of the DPMS are 98.12%, 98.24%, 99.39%, and 98.18%, respectively. This innovative Promotional Management System (PMS) increases the positive impression by 68.75%, reduces the adverse reaction by 31.25%, and increases the conversion rate by 18%. In a nutshell, the proposed DPMS is the first promotional management system for universities. It demonstrates significant potential for improving the brand value of universities and for increasing the intake rate.
Sterilization of Water-Based Cutting Fluids Using Compact Air-Cooled Coaxial Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor with Bubbler
Authors: Chun Se Min , Ahn Geum Ran , Yang Geon Woo , Lee Hee Jae , Hong Yong Cheol
Published: November 2023

Odor and discoloration in water-based cutting fluids are caused by the growth of microorganisms and putrefying bacteria. This significantly reduces cutting performance, prevents rust, and deteriorates the working environment. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed a compact air-cooled coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a bubbler. Bacteria and microorganisms living in waste cutting fluids were sterilized by the high concentration of ozone produced under the optimized conditions of the compact air-cooled coaxial DBD. Moreover, it was confirmed that 99.99% of bacteria and microorganisms were completely removed. Ozone was found to not affect property changes such as the composition, concentration, and pH of the water-based cutting fluids. The chromaticity and complex odor of waste cutting liquids were thus found to have been improved by the effects of microorganism and bacterial sterilization. We conclude that the proposed a compact air-cooled coaxial DBD with a bubbler is an efficient method for sterilizing water-based cutting fluids.
Design and Analysis of Photon Imaging Detector Based on Printed Circult Board Technology Cross Strip Anode
Authors: Duan Jinyao , Zheng Jinkun , Yang Yang , Song Yuchao , La Anpeng , Bai Yonglin
Published: November 2023

Detectors with cross strip (XS) anodes have high application value in deep space exploration, quantum communications, space astronomical telescopes, etc. In this article, a single-layer XS anode based on Printed Circult Board (PCB) technology is proposed, which can conveniently realize large-area array detection with a simple process and low cost. We theoretically studied the electron motion principle and equivalent model of the XS anode and established a model of the XS anode through the finite element method. The model allows us to determine the anode geometry, such as anode strip width, inter-strip distance, and substrate thickness, to optimize the output signal on the XS anode, thereby indirectly affecting the resolution of the detector. The optimal parameters of the detector were processed with the help of our model, such as a strip width of 110 μm, strip spacing of 550 μm, and substrate thickness of 150 μm. The model shows that the strip charge collection ratio is 1:1. Comparing model predictions with experimental measurements reveals key parameters, such as the manufacturing is convenient and simple and can provide some ideas for subsequent large-area array detector imaging.
A Quantitative Group Decision-Making Methodology for Structural Eco-Materials Selection Based on Qualitative Sustainability Attributes
Authors: Al Shdifat Majdi , Jalón María L. , Puertas Esther , Chiachío Juan
Published: November 2023

In response to escalating global environmental challenges, developed countries have embarked on an ecological transition across a range of sectors. Among these, the construction industry plays a key role due to its extensive use of raw materials and energy resources. In particular, research into sustainable construction materials, here named eco-materials, has seen a boost in recent years because of their potential to replace less environmentally friendly materials such as concrete and steel. This paper proposes a large-scale group decision-making methodology to select among a set of candidate structural eco-materials based on sustainability considerations. The proposed approach is based on a novel quantitative SWOT analysis using survey data from a diverse group of experts, considering not only the technical aspects of the materials but also their impact in the context of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. As a result, a range of eco-materials are probabilistically assessed and ranked, taking into account the variability and uncertainty in the survey data. The results of this research demonstrate the suitability of the proposed methodology for eco-material selection based on sustainability criteria, but also provide a new generic methodology for group decision assessment considering the uncertainty in the survey data, which can be extended to multiple applications.
Flow Prediction of a Measurement and Control Gate Based on an Optimized Back Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Hou Zheng , Niu Jiayong , Zhu Jie , Lu Liguo
Published: November 2023

The measurement and control gate, as a new type of measurement and control equipment, has been widely used for water quantity control in irrigation areas. However, there is a lack of methods for calibrating the flow inside the measurement box at present. This paper establishes a flow prediction model based on a back propagation (BP) neural network and its optimization algorithm by using 450 sets of sample data obtained from the indoor gate overflow test and verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the prediction model by using another 205 sets of sample data. The results show that the gate flow prediction model based on a BP neural network and its optimization algorithm has self-adaptability to different flow patterns, and its prediction accuracy is significantly higher than that of the traditional water measurement method. Compared to the unoptimized BP model, the BP model optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA) or particle swarm optimization (PSO) has higher prediction accuracy and better error distribution. Both GA and PSO algorithms can be used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the BP flow prediction model. However, by comprehensively analyzing the prediction accuracy, error distribution, and running time, the PSO algorithm has better optimization performance compared to the GA algorithm. The prediction model can provide a reference for flow rate calibration and the anomaly rejection of measurement and control gates in the irrigation area.
Valorization of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Processing Waste and By-Products: A Review
Authors: Shi Linghong , de Souza Thaiza Serrano Pinheiro , Ahmadi Farhad , Imran Ali , Dunshea Frank R. , Barrow Colin , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
Published: November 2023

The date is a well-established and important crop that holds economic significance. However, a substantial amount of waste in the form of low-grade dates and date pits is generated and accounts for 10 to 15% of the total production. Given the substantial amount of nutrients in these by-products and the large volume of waste generated, there is a promising opportunity to utilize them to create valuable commodities like fiber and phenolic compounds, which hold a high market value. This review presents a summary of the chemical and nutritional composition of dates and their by-products and aims to investigate the possibility of utilizing date processing by-products and waste as an eco-friendly resource for various chemical and biological processes like composting and extraction of value-added compounds, as well as providing insight into the date processing industry and typical methods employed for the beneficial use of date waste. In addition, this review also addresses the current challenges and future perspectives in date waste valorization expectations.
Evaluation of the Dynamic Stability of Underground Structures Assuming a Hydrogen Gas Explosion Disaster in a Shallow Underground Hydrogen Storage Facility
Authors: Go Gyu-Hyun , Cao Van-Hoa , Kim YoungSeok , Choi Hyun-Jun , Oh Se-Wook , Kim Min-Jun
Published: November 2023

Amid the ongoing global warming crisis, there has been growing interest in hydrogen energy as an environmentally friendly energy source to achieve carbon neutrality. A stable and large-scale hydrogen storage infrastructure is essential to satisfy the increasing demand for hydrogen energy. Particularly for hydrogen refueling stations located in urban areas, technological solutions are required to ensure the stability of adjacent civil structures in the event of hydrogen storage tank explosions. In this study, a numerical analysis using equivalent trinitrotoluene (TNT) and Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) models was employed to analyze the dynamic behavior of the ground in response to hydrogen gas explosions in shallow underground hydrogen storage facilities and to assess the stability of nearby structures against explosion effects. According to the simulation results, it was possible to ensure the structural stability of nearby buildings and tunnel structures by maintaining a minimum separation distance. In the case of nearby building structures, a distance of at least 6 to 7 m is needed to be maintained from the underground hydrogen storage facility to prevent explosion damage from a hydrogen gas explosion. For nearby tunnel structures, a distance of at least 10 m is required to ensure structural stability.
Design and Implementation of Impromptu Mobile Social Karaoke for Digital Cultural Spaces in the New Normal Era
Authors: Shin Choonsung , Lim Yangmi
Published: November 2023

Although music singing and sharing is a most common cultural activity, users are not allowed to instantly share their own songs due to fixed streaming and listening services on the music service platforms. In order to deal with instant singing and listening together with other users, this research was conducted to propose a mobile social karaoke system that supports group creation and music sharing via smartphones. The proposed karaoke system consists of a social music cloud that provides impromptu mobile singing and sharing services on the user’s devices. The social music cloud manages a group of users and supports data streaming and message sharing among the users’ devices. The users’ devices enable users to utilize karaoke services based on touch and voice-based natural interfaces in consideration of mobile specifications. After testing the system’s usability and stability, the results illustrated that the voice-based interface was effective in controlling and using the service according to the devices’ mobility and availability. In addition, when karaoke services are utilized in small groups, music transmission/reception is possible without being affected by the number of users. This study has three implications: first, it presented an important possibility for the creation of more active digital cultural spaces and changing mobile life by providing users with a recreation function; second, it provides convenient touch and voice UI for mobile users; and, third, it improves performance and management through its distributed processing.
Analysis of Changes in Rainfall Concentration over East Africa
Authors: Babaousmail Hassen , Ayugi Brian Odhiambo , Onyutha Charles , Kebacho Laban Lameck , Ojara Moses , Ongoma Victor
Published: November 2023

Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is important in agriculture, water management resources, and flood disaster management. The present study analyzed the changes in rainfall concentration over East Africa (EA). Three matrices—the precipitation concentration index (PCI), the precipitation concentration degree (PCD), and the precipitation concentration period (PCP)—were used to examine the changes in rainfall during 1981–2021. The changes in spatial variance annually and during two seasons, namely, “long rains” (March to May [MAM]) and “short rain” (October to December [OND]), were estimated using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF). The study employed the robust statistical metrics of the Theil–Sen estimator to detect the magnitude of change and modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) to examine possible changes in rainfall concentration. The localized variation of the power series within the series for PCI, PCD, and PCP variability was performed using the continuous wavelet transform. The findings showed that the concentration of rainfall patterns of EA occurred in four months of the total months in a year over most parts, with the western sides experiencing uniform rainfall events throughout the year. The EOF analysis revealed a homogeneous negative pattern during the MAM season over the whole region for PCD, PCI, and PCP for the first mode, which signified reduced rainfall events. Moreover, the MMK analysis showed evidence of declining trends in the PCD annually and during the MAM season, while the opposite tendency was noted for the OND season where an upward trend in the PCD was observed. Interestingly, areas adjacent to Lake Victoria in Uganda and Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania showed increasing trends in the PCD for annual and seasonal time scales. The analysis to characterize the rainfall cycle and possible return period, considering the indices of PCD, PCI, and PCP, showed higher variability during the year 2000, while much variability was presented in the PCP for the annual period. During the MAM and OND seasons, a 1-year band as a dominant period of variability was observed in all the indices. Overall, the findings of the present study are crucial in detecting the observed changes in rainfall concentration for avoiding the loss of life and property, as well as for coping with potential changes in water resources.