bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOF-Derived Cu3P nanoparticles coated with N-doped carbon for nitrogen fixation
Authors: Li Jian , Lu Xiaoying , Huang Junfeng , Guo Kailu , Xu Cailing
Published: January 2022

Cu3P@NC electrocatalysts with a high electrochemical surface area and abundant defects exhibit a excellent ammonia yield rate and faradaic efficiency for the nitrogen reduction reaction.
Thermal enhancement of upconversion in lanthanide-doped Gd2Ti2O7 crystals via fast evaporation in a sol–gel procedure
Authors: Cheng Yi , Wang Yubin , Li Denghao , Bao Juan , Deng Degang , Guo Hai , Lei Lei
Published: January 2022

Upon employing a modified sol–gel method where the gels are achieved by an ultra-fast evaporation process, the crystal structure of lanthanide doped Gd2Ti2O7 crystals is contracted, which leads to thermal enhanced UC.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the formation mechanism of the thermal conductive filler network of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Han Yue , Li Ke , Li Ziwei , Liu Jun , Hu Shui , Wen Shipeng , Liu Li , Zhang Liqun
Published: January 2022

In this work, the thermal transfer capabilities of spherical and laminar/spherical filled polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) were systematically investigated by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.
The role of interlayer gases and surface asperities in compression-induced intermetallic formation in Ni/Al nanocomposites
Authors: Terrett Richard N.L. , Frankcombe Terry J.
Published: January 2022

Atomistic molecular dynamics shed new light on the compression-initiated reaction of planar and nonplanar Ni/Al nanolaminates and their metal/gas interactions.
A fast and high-efficiency electrochemical exfoliation strategy towards antimonene/carbon composites for selective lubrication and sodium–ion storage applications
Authors: Zhang Renhui , Yang Yingchang , Guo Lei , Luo Yuzhou
Published: January 2022

Antimonene/carbon fabricated through electrochemical exfoliation in a Na2SO4 and ethylene glycol mixed solution exhibits selective lubrication and extraordinary sodium–ion storage performance.
Spin-component-scaled and dispersion-corrected second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory: a path toward chemical accuracy
Authors: Greenwell Chandler , Řezáč Jan , Beran Gregory J. O.
Published: January 2022

Dispersion-corrected, spin-component-scaled second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (SCS-MP2D) provides accuracy and computational efficiency that is competitive with high-quality density functionals.
Fullerene-based triplet spin labels: methodology aspects for pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Timofeev Ivan O. , Politanskaya Larisa V. , Tretyakov Evgeny V. , Polienko Yuliya F. , Tormyshev Victor M. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. , Krumkacheva Olesya A. , Fedin Matvey V.
Published: January 2022

Triplet states of photoexcited organic molecules are promising spin labels with advanced spectroscopic properties for pulsed dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance (PD EPR) spectroscopy.
Structural study of 1- and 2-naphthol: new insights into the non-covalent H–H interaction in cis-1-naphthol
Authors: Hazrah Arsh S. , Nanayakkara Sadisha , Seifert Nathan A. , Kraka Elfi , Jäger Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

The close-contact H–H atom interaction in cis-1-naphthol was characterized with microwave spectroscopy and several theoretical approaches using the other naphthol isomers as internal references.
Emerging porous organic polymers for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhu Youlong , Xu Peiwen , Zhang Xingcai , Wu Dingcai
Published: January 2022

This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress in porous organic polymers for diverse biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biomacromolecule immobilization, phototherapy, biosensing, bioimaging, and antibacterial applications.
Computational mechanistic studies of ruthenium catalysed methanol dehydrogenation
Authors: de Zwart Felix J. , Sinha Vivek , Trincado Monica , Grützmacher Hansjörg , de Bruin Bas
Published: January 2022

This Frontiers article summarizes the reported computational research performed on ruthenium catalyzed methanol dehydrogenation reactions performed in the past decade, and serves as a guide for future research.
Antihyperglycemic effect of an anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, is achieved by regulating GLUT-1viathe Wnt/β-catenin-WISP1 signaling pathway
Authors: Ye Xiang , Chen Wen , Tu Pengcheng , Jia Ruoyi , Liu Yangyang , Tang Qiong , Chen Chuan , Yang Caihong , Zheng Xiaodong , Chu Qiang
Published: January 2022

We suggest that C3G promotes glucose uptake in liver cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin-WISP1 pathway to upregulate the expression of GLUT-1 associated with binding to β-catenin to enhance the signal transduction of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Sustainable protocols for direct C–H bond arylation of (hetero)arenes
Authors: Albano Gianluigi , Punzi Angela , Capozzi Maria Annunziata M. , Farinola Gianluca M.
Published: January 2022

A comprehensive and critical overview of the sustainable strategies for direct C–H bond arylation of (hetero)arenes, based on the use of recoverable catalysts, sustainable solvents and non-conventional energy sources, has been performed.
Speeding up reconstruction of 3D tomograms in holographic flow cytometry via deep learning
Authors: Pirone Daniele , Sirico Daniele , Miccio Lisa , Bianco Vittorio , Mugnano Martina , Ferraro Pietro , Memmolo Pasquale
Published: January 2022

Lightweight and reliable deep-CNN for speeding up the computation of the quantitative phase maps of flowing/rolling cells and for retrieving the 3D tomograms of each cell by holographic flow cytometry modality.
Theoretical framework and experimental methodology to elucidate the supersaturation dynamics of nanocrystal growth
Authors: Chen Paul Z. , Clasky Aaron J. , Gu Frank X.
Published: January 2022

We developed theoretical and experimental methodology to characterize the supersaturation dynamics underlying nanocrystal growth. This can be used to identify supersaturation-associated shape evolutions, and predict growth profiles, of nanocrystals.
Construction of highly dispersed Au active sites by ice photochemical polishing for efficient acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Yao Lisha , Zhang Haiyang , Li Yanqin , Zhang Miaomiao , Li Feng , Li Linfeng , Zhang Jinli
Published: January 2022

Compared to traditional Au/AC, ice-photochemical polishing results in atomically dispersed AuClx-like multi-sites, yielding a significantly improved performance of Au/AC-F1I1 catalysts.
Catalyst-free synthesis of poly(furfuryl alcohol) using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Cao Thanh Phuong , Hang Chuc Nguyen , Vu-Quang Hieu , Kabtamu Daniel Manaye , Kumar Subodh , Nguyen Van Cuong , Cao Xuan Thang
Published: January 2022

A catalyst-free pathway for the polymerization of furfuryl alcohol (FA) into poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) system is reported.
Heterostructural MoS2/NiS nanoflowers via precise interface modification for enhancing electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhao Xiwang , Bao Jiehua , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Yiwei , Sheng Xiaoli , Wu Bo , Wang Yanyun , Zuo Changjiang , Bu Xiaohai
Published: January 2022

MoS2/NiS flower-like heterostructures are prepared via precise interface modification for enhancing the intrinsic catalytic activity toward the HER.
MoS2 nanosheets vertically grown on CoSe2 hollow nanotube arrays as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yuan Liang , Zhang Yingmeng , Chen Jinhong , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Zhang Peixin , Liu Liwei , Zhang Jinxiang , Sun Lingna
Published: January 2022

The unique hierarchical, well-ordered, and hollow structure MoS2@CoSe2-CC electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding HER performance with a low overpotential of 101 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 under alkaline media.
Recent progress in polydiacetylene mechanochromism
Authors: Das Bratati , Jo Seiko , Zheng Jianlu , Chen Jiali , Sugihara Kaori
Published: January 2022

This mini review summarizes recent progress in polydiacetylene (PDA) mechanochromism, with a special focus on the quantitative and nanoscopic data that have emerged in recent years.
The complex optical index of PbS nanocrystal thin films and their use for short wave infrared sensor design
Authors: Chehaibou Bilal , Izquierdo Eva , Chu Audrey , Abadie Claire , Cavallo Mariarosa , Khalili Adrien , Dang Tung Huu , Gréboval Charlie , Xu Xiang Zhen , Ithurria Sandrine , Vincent Grégory , Gallas Bruno , Mugny Gabriel , Arnaud Arthur , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Delerue Christophe
Published: January 2022

We investigate the complex optical index of PbS nanocrystal thin films by tight-binding calculations and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and used them in photodiode simulations.
Metal-free three-component cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with vinylarenes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s
Authors: Bhuyan Mayurakhi , Sharma Suraj , Baishya Gakul
Published: January 2022

A K2S2O8-mediated C3 cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-onesviaa three-component radical cascade reaction with vinylarenes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s has been achieved.
In situ EPR and Raman spectroscopy in the curing of bis-methacrylate–styrene resins
Authors: Eijsink Linda E. , Sardjan Andy S. , Sinnema Esther G. , den Besten Hugo , van den Berg Keimpe J. , Flapper Jitte , van Gemert Rogier , Feringa Ben L. , Browne Wesley R.
Published: January 2022

The curing of bis-methacrylate–styrene resins initiated by the cobalt catalyzed decomposition of cumyl hydroperoxide is monitored at ambient temperatures in situ by EPR and Raman spectroscopy.
Confinement synthesis in porous molecule-based materials: a new opportunity for ultrafine nanostructures
Authors: Cao Li-Ming , Zhang Jia , Zhang Xue-Feng , He Chun-Ting
Published: January 2022

The space-, coordination-, and/or ion-confinement in porous molecule-based materials (PMMs) endow the PMM-confinement (pyrolysis) synthesis to construct a variety of ultrafine nanostructures.
Cooperativity as quantification and optimization paradigm for nuclear receptor modulators
Authors: de Vink Pim J. , Koops Auke A. , D'Arrigo Giulia , Cruciani Gabriele , Spyrakis Francesca , Brunsveld Luc
Published: January 2022

A cooperativity framework describes the formation of nuclear receptor ternary complexes and deconvolutes ligand and cofactor binding into intrinsic affinities and a cooperativity factor, providing a conceptually new understanding of NR modulation.
Highly effective and chemoselective hydrodeoxygenation of aromatic alcohols
Authors: Xu Caiyun , Wu Haihong , Zhang Zhanrong , Zheng Bingxiao , Zhai Jianxin , Zhang Kaili , Wu Wei , Mei Xuelei , He Mingyuan , Han Buxing
Published: January 2022

Porous carbon–nitrogen hybrid material-supported Co catalysts can effectively promote the chemoselective hydrodeoxygenation reaction of a various of aromatic alcohols in ethanol and hydrogen atmosphere, under relatively mild conditions.
Examining Audiology Students' Clinical Collaboration Skills When Using Virtual Audiology Cases Aided With No Collaboration, Live Collaboration, and Virtual Collaboration
Authors: Shaaban Ramy , Richburg Cynthia M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to examine students' ability to use effective clinical collaboration online in a designed scaffolded environment. Three groups were formed to achieve this goal: two control groups (one using no collaboration and one using live, face-to-face collaboration) and one treatment group using virtual collaboration.

Method:

A quasi-experimental design was conducted at two U.S. universities to examine whether there is a significant difference in clinical reasoning skills between three treatment groups using IUP Audiosim software. Two computer-based audiology case simulations were developed, and participants were randomly placed into the three groups. The clinical reasoning data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc analyses.

Results:

The results indicated that there was a significant difference in clinical reasoning skills between the three treatment groups. The score obtained by the no-collaboration group was significantly less than the scores obtained by the virtual and live collaboration groups.

Conclusions:

The results imply that lower scores were associated with students receiving more instructor-designed content and higher scores with students receiving less instructor-designed content. Students who received more scaffolds with the collaborations may have demonstrated better decision-making outside the training exercise than those who did not receive scaffolds. However, lower scores on the exercise did not necessarily imply lower skill. Lower scores simply implied a different path toward mastery.
A bidirectional three‐phase triple‐voltage LLC (T2‐LLC) resonant converter for DC/DC stage in solid state transformer and DC transformer applications
Authors: Shu Liangcai , Chen Wu , Jin Haozhe
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a novel bidirectional three‐phase triple‐voltage LLC (T2‐LLC) resonant converter, which can be applied as the submodule of DC transformer (DCT) with fixed input and output terminal voltages. A novel series‐connected three‐phase circuit is adopted at medium voltage (MV) side to improve the voltage level of single submodule (SM) and decrease SM number. Therefore, the power density of DCT can be improved. Besides, the proposed converter is open‐loop controlled with fixed switching frequency, and it naturally realizes bidirectional power flow without changing controlling modes according to the power direction. However, the efficiency and voltage conversion ratio of proposed T2‐LLC converter are sensitive to resonant parameters, and consistency of three‐phase resonant parameters should be ensured to achieve three‐phase symmetrical operation. Therefore, design and optimization methods are proposed to realize ZVS turn‐on, reduce power losses and ensure fixed voltage conversion ratio. The operation principle and optimization method are presented and a 1000 V/333.3 V/5 kW platform is used to validate feasibility of the proposed converter.
The crucial role of surface magnetic fields for stellar dynamos: ϵ Eridani, 61 Cygni A, and the Sun
Authors: Jeffers S. V. , Cameron R. H. , Marsden S. C. , Boro Saikia S. , Folsom C. P. , Jardine M. M. , Morin J. , Petit P. , See V. , Vidotto A. A. , Wolter U. , Mittag M.
Published: January 2022

Cool main-sequence stars, such as the Sun, have magnetic fields which are generated by an internal dynamo mechanism. In the Sun, the dynamo mechanism produces a balance between the amounts of magnetic flux generated and lost over the Sun’s 11-year activity cycle and it is visible in the Sun’s different atmospheric layers using multi-wavelength observations. We used the same observational diagnostics, spanning several decades, to probe the emergence of magnetic flux on the two close by, active- and low-mass K dwarfs: 61 Cygni A and ϵ Eridani. Our results show that 61 Cygni A follows the Solar dynamo with a regular cycle at all wavelengths, while ϵ Eridani represents a more extreme level of the Solar dynamo, while also showing strong Solar-like characteristics. For the first time we show magnetic butterfly diagrams for stars other than the Sun. For the two K stars and the Sun, the rate at which the toroidal field is generated from surface poloidal field is similar to the rate at which toroidal flux is lost through flux emergence. This suggests that the surface field plays a crucial role in the dynamos of all three stars. Finally, for ϵ Eridani, we show that the two chromospheric cycle periods, of ∼3 and ∼13 years, correspond to two superimposed magnetic cycles.
Population age structure Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch in arid conditions of Foothill Dagestan (dubkinsko-miatlinsky area)
Authors: Sadykova Gulnara , Amirkhanova Nadezda
Published: January 2022

The age composition of the population of the rare tree species Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch in Foothill Dagestan was studied according to the calendar age of individuals and their age states. The calendar age is determined by an index obtained as the number of annual rings per unit of radial growth of the trunk. Age states were assessed by vitality, productivity, infestation and size of individuals. The area occupied by the population, the number of individuals and the phytocenotic confinement of the species have been established. Biomorphological and biometric indicators, absolute age of individuals of various age states and their quantitative ratio were determined. Revealed the coincidence of the age groups of the population in terms of age structure and age spectrum, with a characteristic right-sided trend. The population is assessed as young, full-bodied, with a high level of renewability.
Bioecological characteristics and decorative representatives of the genus Robinia L. according to phonological data
Authors: Lazarev Sergey , Semenyutina Alexandra
Published: January 2022

The object of research was the species, varieties and forms of the genus Robinia: R. viscosa var. hartwegii (Koehne) Ashe; R. neomexicana var. rusbyi; R. neomexicana f. pale pink; R. neomexicana f. pale purple; R. pseudoacacia L.; R. pseudoacacia f. pyramidalis (Pepin) Rehd.; R. pseudoacacia f. umbraculifera (DC) Rehd. and R. pseudoacacia x R. neomexicana, growing in the dendrological collections of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Most of the phenological phases of representatives of the genus Robinia occur at the optimal time for the seasonal development of flowering woody plants. This genus belongs to the group of late beginners and late terminators of the growing season. The indicator of phenological atypicality (+1 - 0) is in the lower half of the normal area, and for some species and forms (R. viscosa var. Hartwegii, R. pseudoacacia f. Pyramidalis, R. pseudoacacia f. Umbraculifera) at the edge of the normal area (+ 0.8 - +1). The research area for these introduced species is the northern border of the wide range of culture and their further promotion to regions with a more severe climate is possible only in experimental plantations or as an additional assortment. The most winter-hardy were the varieties, forms and hybrids of R. neomexicana with a phenological atypicality index from +0.3 to +0.35. We can recommend these plants for widespread use even in the northern regions of the Volgograd region due to their potential winter hardiness. The study of seasonal rhythms revealed the periods of maximum decorativeness of representatives of the generic complex Robinia, and a comparative characteristic in terms of the beginning and end of flowering. The authors found that R. viscosa var hartwegii has the longest flowering period.
Fractional composition of grain sorghum proteins depending on the variety
Authors: Sazonova Irina , Bychkova Vera , Erokhina Anna
Published: January 2022

14 varieties of grain sorghum bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution RosNIISK Rossorgo were studied. The amount of protein in grain and its fractions was experimentally determined: albumin, globulins, glutelins and prolamins, a comparative analysis was carried out within each fraction and a conclusion was made about the highest biological value among the studied varieties. The results showed that sorghum seeds contain all four protein fractions, the highest content of which is albumin and glutel. The highest nutritional value was noted in the variety of sorghum Zhemchug, which contained the highest amount of albumin, characterized by a complete amino acid composition, and the lowest content of prolamins, which have a low balance of amino acids. In the varieties Kamelik and Locus, there was an insufficient content of complete proteins that make up the water-soluble and salt-soluble fractions in the grain of these plants. Grain sorghum varieties with the highest amount of protein (Pomegranate, Locus, Pearl and Bachelor) were characterized by a low level of alcohol-soluble protein fraction.
Effect of sterile cytoplasms on content of absolutely dry matter in the grain sorghum hybrids
Authors: Bychkova Vera , Elkonin Lev
Published: January 2022

Analysis of absolutely dry matter (ADM) accumulation is important indicator of productivity of crop plants. For three seasons, we investigated the effect of sterile cytoplasms on content of ADM in the F1 hybrids of grain sorghum obtained on the basis of two series of alloplasmic iso-nuclear CMS-lines: (1) with A3, A4, and 9E cytoplasms and (2) with 9E and M35-1A cytoplasms. For the first time, the effect of the type of sterile cytoplasm on content of ADM in the F1 sorghum hybrids was shown. In each season, A3 cytoplasm reduced ADM in the F1 hybrids at the “tillering – heading” stage, whereas 9E cytoplasm increased ADM at the “heading – complete maturity” stage. The most significant differences were observed under drought conditions. These data indicate the genetic influence of cytoplasm on assimilation capacity of sorghum hybrids and tolerance to drought stress.
Candidate vectors of horizontal transfer of BovB retrotransposon
Authors: Skobel Olga , Kosovsky Gleb , Glazko Valery
Published: January 2022

The horizontal transfer of retrotransposons has a significant impact on the regulatory system of a multicellular organism, but the biological basis of horizontal transfer has been sufficiently studied up to date. Earlier, we identified the conserved sequence of retrotransposons recombination products of the bovine chromosome 1 nucleotide sequence region. This conserved sequence has a high percent identity with LINE BovB, which is widely known as horizontal transfer participant. The current study analyzes the presence of the conserved sequence of retrotransposons recombination products of cattle in members of different taxonomic groups to detect potential vectors of horizontal transfer. It was shown that the conserved sequence with a high percent identity can be found in 43 members of different species, including eukaryotes, prokaryotes and viruses. The identified potential vectors of horizontal retrotransposon transfer associated with various diseases of farm animals are of particular interest. Such potential vectors are hemiparasites Babesia ovata and Babesia bigemina (pathogens causing babesiosis), bacterium Clostridium botulinum (the causative agent of botulism), Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (the causative agent of lung cancer in sheep). They all have regions with a high percent identity (not lower than 95%) to the studied bovine conserved sequence. Thus, we identify new potential vectors of horizontal retrotransposon transfer as well as the possible influence of retrotransposons on regulatory networks affecting host protection from infectious diseases.
The tendency for the change of yield and grain quality of spring wheat (soft and durum) in the conditions of Oren-burg Cis-Urals
Authors: Skorokhodov Vitaly , Zorov Alexandr , Kaftan Yury
Published: January 2022

Grain quality is an indicator for the intensification of grain production, integrating the interaction of various agrotechnical measures and weather conditions. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the main trends in the yield and grain quality of spring durum and soft wheat in the conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Urals. The experiment was carried out in 2016-2020 at the permanent study area of the Department of Agriculture and Resource-Saving Technologies of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution FRC BST RAS. The coordinates of the location of the test site is 55.306547º E 51.775125º N. The study established the influence of predecessors on the quality of wheat grain. The best among them were black fallow, winter crops, maize and peas. The quality of wheat grain cultivated in permanent crops without the use of mineral fertilizers decreased. The use of green green manure as fertilizer increases the content of wet gluten up to 34.0%. The aftereffect of green manure in severe dry years leads to an increase in the content of wet gluten in the grain of spring wheat.
Gardening in Russia: organizational, regulatory and technological aspect
Authors: Nechaev Vasiliy , Davydova Yana , Isсhenko Nikita
Published: January 2022

The subject-object area of the study is the relationship of producers of fruit and berry products in the Russian Federation, with the aim of transferring the industry to the path of sustainable economic growth. A comparative analysis of production of these products in the country for the period from 2016 to 2020 has been carried out. Importance of state support measures for development of the industry is shown. The directions of development of domestic nursery breeding on the basis of improving the regulatory framework are considered. Considering that the main area of fruit and berry crops (292 thousand hectares or 63 %) is in the households of the population, therefore, it is necessary to develop their selection and assortment not only for industrial gardening, but also for households and peasant (farm) households. The necessity of granting scientific organizations the priority right to lease agricultural land for use in the study purposes has been substantiated. Transfer of the industry to an intensive development path based on the modernization of production processes is offered. Based on the materials of technological maps of horticultural organizations of the Krasnodar Territory, a list of production costs by years and the terms of their payback when laying a superintensive garden are given, which can be successfully used in business projects of the South and North Caucasian Federal Districts.
Economics of ecological and biological development of the agro-industrial complex of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Murtazova Kheda
Published: January 2022

The agro-industrial complex of the Chechen Republic is a complex mechanism, the effective functioning of which is possible only if its condition is objectively assessed, its needs and development prospects are determined, the structure of production and management is formed, and a number of other fundamental issues are resolved. Taking measures to strengthen existing forms and business entities is of great importance. This is due to the fact that the overwhelming majority of state farms, KLF and other agricultural producers, due to objective and subjective reasons, have an underdeveloped agricultural culture, poorly provided material and technical base and, as a result, a low level of productivity of agricultural sectors, there is an excessive increase in costs for production and, accordingly, a significant share of agricultural products is unprofitable.
Ecological and economic assessment of sectoral agricultural technologies
Authors: Murtazova Kheda
Published: January 2022

The urgency of the fuel and energy problem determines the need for rational energy consumption in all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. A comprehensive cross-sectoral approach is needed to address the issues of systemic management of energy conservation in agriculture and to substantiate rational measures of economic support for the introduction of energy-saving technologies, equipment and projects from the state. The main advantage of the energy-economic assessment is that its application allows comparison in uniform units of measurement (regardless of the historical period or state, the current market situation) the costs of growing plants or servicing animals with production results and are mainly of national strategic importance.
On clearing agricultural land from undesirable vegetation as a way to improve soil fertility
Authors: Fokin S. , Eskov D. , Medvedeva P.
Published: January 2022

Russia, with its vast reserves of land, is beginning to experience a shortage of soil suitable for growing crops. At present, many agro-industrial companies are facing a shortage of quality farmland, which hinders business development and production ramp-up. However, the country has a large amount of hidden and unused land reserves. For example, such agricultural land includes thousands of hectares of arable land that have been overgrown with undesirable vegetation as a result of many years of mismanagement. Forest massifs and protective forest belts are necessary to create a favorable environmental situation in the growing area. They are also necessary for agricultural use. So the reforestation plantations protect the soil from water and wind erosion. Indeed, in 1940, the Stalin’s plan to create protective forest belts in the steppe zone of the southern Soviet Union, where there was a serious problem of soil erosion, was put into practice. Implementation of this plan continued until 1965, and then the agricultural enterprises maintained the created forest belts in accordance with the regulatory requirements. This required annual removal of young growth, as well as the cutting of brush. But recently, when the necessary activities to maintain the forest belts in their designed condition were practically not carried out, the protective plantations have significantly increased their area. Geometrically, they have become wider by 5, 10, or even 20 meters. Undesirable vegetation, in the form of shrubs and undergrowth encroaches on the field and takes away more area of fertile arable land. In the case of removal of this vegetation field size of 80-100 hectares can be increased by about 5-10%, that is to get up to 10 additional hectares of land suitable for agricultural use. For a farm with a large number of such fields, a significant increase in fertile soil is obtained.
Recreation potentials of urban forest parks
Authors: Tereshkin Alexander , Azarova Olesya , Semenyutina Victoria
Published: January 2022

Recreational stress is a determining factor in the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Objects of research - green spaces of the forest park 51 ° 33’14 “N; 45 ° 55’34” E (green zone of the city of Saratov, “Kumysnaya Polyana”). Purpose: identification and optimization of the recreational potential. The forest park is 4504 hectares. The largest indicators of bulk density (1.35 g / cm3) were revealed in the service and recreation areas. For a separate section of the forest park, it is possible to increase the indicators of the recreational potential and capacity by 12.89 and 89.1%. The recreation potential of the forest park is from 65 to 85 percent. Modernization of the zoning of the forest park, accomplishment of improvement works through sanitary and landscape felling, optimization of the road network will lead to an increase in the recreational capacity of leisure to 117.4 thousand people. Landscaping techniques have been developed.
Phenotypic traits of sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) and the environmental factor effects
Authors: Blokhin Ivan , Veselova Natalya , Blokhin Gennady
Published: January 2022

The comparative analysis of the variability of the sand lizard’s (Lacerta agilis) phenotypic traits was carried out. Lizards were trapping in four different localities. 12 morphometric characters and 22 scaling parameters were included in controlled traits; comparisons of populations were performed using Student’s t-test and discriminant analysis. Lizards were captured in the village Yamnoye, Voronezh Region, the village Verkhnekardail’skiy in the Volgograd Region, and in the villages Sredniy and Poperechnyy of the Stavropol Territory. The village Yamnoye is experiencing the greatest anthropogenic pressure due to its proximity to Voronezh city and the airport. The largest number of statistically significant differences in morphometric characters was found between lizards of the Stavropol Territory and lizards from the villages Verkhnekardail’skiy and Yamnoye, between which there were significantly low number statistically significant differences in the same characters. Sexual dimorphism was most pronounced in lizards of the locality with the highest anthropogenic load - the village Yamnoye. When analyzing the characteristics of scaly cover of lizards of closes localities in villages Yamnoye and Verkhnekardail’skiy, there were more statistically significant differences than between the lizards of the last and the most remote Stavropol Territory. When assessing the severity of sexual dimorphism in terms of scaling, statistically significant differences between males and females were observed in population lizards of the Stavropol Territory and the village Verkhnekardail’skiy. The sexual dimorphism on scaly cover in lizard population of the village Yamnoye was not revealed and a relatively reduced diversity of the scaly cover was observed. Our data indicate that the variability of various phenotypic characteristics of the sand lizard is related in different ways to the influence of environmental factors, such as the geocological position of the localities of animal reproduction, anthropogenic load.
Usage of “Feed Back” as an ecologically safe and effective means for preventing rotoviral infection of piglets
Authors: Stacenko M. , Vorobievskaya S. , Naumova S. , Kovaleva V.
Published: January 2022

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in newborn piglets cause enormous economic damage to countries where pig breeding is intensively developed. The high pathogenicity of the causative agents of these diseases, their resistance in the external environment, the ability to persist in the host organism leads to the rapid spread of these diseases. In our work in a pig farm, the effectiveness of the use of “Feed Back” (reverse feeding) for the prevention of rotavirus infection in suckling pigs was assessed. “Feed Back” or reverse feeding is feeding pregnant sows and replacement pigs material for re-infecting animals with infectious agents necessary for us: clostridiosis, colibacillosis and rotavirus infection with the subsequent transmission of colostral immunity to piglets. The purpose of this method is to enhance the action of the vaccines used and develop colostral immunity to those diseases against which vaccines are not used.
Post-fire tree regeneration in forests of the Tikhvin Ridge, North-West Russia
Authors: Danilov Dmitry , Zaytsev Dmitry , Belyaeva Natalia
Published: January 2022

We assessed the effect of ground fires on the success of advanced regeneration of tree species on gentle hilly ridges of terminal moraines of the North-Eastern part of the Leningrad Region. To study the juvenile generation of tree species, we carried out a reconnaissance survey of transects in the forest areas affected by wildfires. The forest stands were 10–12 years old. The stem numbers and heights of the regenerating tree species were recorded. The correlation analysis was used to determine the degree of influence of external factors on forest regeneration, including soil conditions and the burnt area size. We found differences in the species composition of stands with a predominance of deciduous and coniferous species depending on soil and hydrological conditions. We also found a relationship between soil factors and spruce and pine regeneration size in stands with a predominance of coniferous and deciduous species. The soil granulometric composition influenced proportions of coniferous and deciduous trees in post-fire stands. Using the knowledge obtained about the stand composition, we can forecast the future development of forest stands and prescribe the optimal forest management regimes.
Development of a methodology for evaluating the efficiency level of monitoring agroecosystems using big data technologies
Authors: Petrov Aleksey , Andreev Leonid , Grigorishin Sergey
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the theory of monitoring agroecosystems for the effectiveness of using Big Data technologies. The relationship between the agricultural areas of the Tyumen region, the Big Data sources available in them, and the technologies for working with Big Data obtained from sources are described. The article also developed a methodology that makes it possible to assess the level of effectiveness of monitoring agroecosystems using Big Data technologies, based on the result of which a strategy for development of the region as a whole and its agroecosystems, in particular, is formed in terms of equipment with information technologies. The methodology presented in the article is formed on the basis of an engineering ontology, which in the future is able to lower the degree of the human factor in global and local monitoring of agroecosystems for the effectiveness of using Big Data technologies.
Inheritance of the genetic construct for RNA-silencing of the γ-kafirin gene (gKAF1) in the progeny of transgenic sorghum plants
Authors: Borisenko Nataly , Elkonin Lev , Kenzhegulov Odyssey
Published: January 2022

Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops in drought regions of the Globe. However, a number of constrains, such as poor nutritional value compared to other cereals, which is caused by resistance of its grain storage proteins (kafirins) to protease digestion, makes it less popular. The use of modern genetic technologies, such as RNA interference, opens up prospects for solving this problem. In this paper, we describe the inheritance of the genetic construct for RNAi silencing of the γ-kafirin gene (gKAF1) in the progeny of the mutant Avans-1/18, that we obtained previously by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos of commercial cv. Avans. Inheritance of the genetic construct was traced by PCR-analysis to the nos-promoter governing expression of the marker gene bar and to the ubi1-intron, which is part of the genetic construct for silencing. It was found that the genetic construct inherited in T1and T2generations of the mutant grown both in the growth chamber and in the field plot, and in the F1hybrids of the mutant with CMS-lines A2 KVV-181, A2 KVV-114, A2 O-1237, and fertile lines Volzhskoe-4v, Volzhskoe-615, O-1237. The studied plants from T1and T2generations had significantly higher in vitro protein digestibility than original non-transgenic cv. Avans. The vitreous endosperm in these plants was reduced either completely or manifested a faint layer. These data demonstrated that genetic construct for gKAF1 silencing was not only stably integrated in genome of the mutant plants but also expressed and improved the digestibility of endosperm proteins. In addition, in T1 progeny we found the plant, PCR positive for nos-promoter but PCR-negative for ubi1-intron, that had vitreous endosperm and was characterized by poor in vitro protein digestibility. These data are an example of instability of the genetic construct for RNAi-silencing in genome of some transgenic plants; they show close correlation of the floury endosperm type and high in vitro protein digestibility.
Experience of an informational system design with an integrated pollution transport model on a water surface
Authors: Rychkov Sergey , Solbakov Vyacheslav , Shatrov Anatoly
Published: January 2022

The use of informational systems to estimate the required amount of chemicals for the dispersion of surface pollution is a fruitful approach in implementations of emergency response plans. A mathematical model of the processes of destruction of pollution on a water surface is an integral part in such a system and a source of accumulation of information about the evolution of pollution in various environmental conditions and characteristics of the source of pollution. Examples of the results of modeling the processes of surface pollution propagation when exposed to surface waves are presented, as well as a set of stored information for estimating the required amount of reagents.
Genetic resources and features of clonal micropropagation of Far Eastern species of Actinidia
Authors: Molkanova Olga , Krakhmaleva Irina , Kozak Natalya
Published: January 2022

The unique collection samples of the Far Eastern species of the genus Actinidia Lindley preserved in Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery were analysed. The in vitro collection of Actinidia has been formed since 2005 in Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences and currently includes more than 40 cultivars belonging to 3 species of Actinidia: A. kolomikta (Rupr. еt Maxim) Maxim., A. arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. et Miq., and A. polygama (Siebold et Zucc.) Maxim. Easily reproducible, dependable method for clonal micropropagation of promising selected genotypes of Actinidia was optimized. It has been established regeneration features for the studied species of the genus Actinidia at the stage of micropropagation. A. kolomikta was characterized by a lower morphogenetic potential (multiplication coefficient 5.0) compared with other studied species. A. arguta and A. polygama were characterized by high multiplication coefficients, but no significant difference between them was present (8.0 and 7.7, respectively). The features of morphogenesis of male and female forms of A. kolomikta were revealed. The cultivars of the female forms had the highest multiplication coefficient (‘Universitetskaya’ 5.2, ‘Prelestnaya’ 5.2) compared with the male and bisexual forms (‘Adam’ 4.3 and ‘Dr. Szymanowski’ 4.3). The Quorin-Lepoivre nutrient medium supplemented with 6-Benzylaminopurine at a concentration of 0.5…1.0 mg L−1 was found to be effective at the micropropagation stage, and the use of β-indole acetic acid at a concentration 0.5…1.0 mg L−1 was better at the rooting stage.
Development of Pastry Formulas with High Antioxidant Content
Authors: Abushaeva Assiya , Sadigova Madina , Kondrashova Angela
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of prescription components on the antioxidant activity of flour confectionery products. The main raw material used was light grain rye flour of the Saratov selection of the varieties Solnyshko and Pamyati Bambysheva. Vegetable powders from carrots and beets, as well as jam and candied carrots were used as vegetable components. Phenolic compounds contained in flour from light-grain rye and processed vegetables from carrots and beets have extensive biological functions and have a beneficial effect on living organisms, which makes their research relevant. The measurements are carried out on the analyzer of antioxidant activity TsvetYauza-01-AA in comparison of the received signal with the signal of the quercetin standard. In experimental samples of flour confectionery products based on wheat flour with vegetable processing products, the content of antioxidants increases 2.4 times, compared with the control sample. Whereas in experimental samples of flour confectionery products based on flour from light grain rye, the content of antioxidants increases 3-4 times, compared with the control sample from wheat flour. However, when comparing control samples in a sample based on flour from the grain of light grain rye variety Solnyshko, the content of antioxidants is 1.8 times higher, in contrast to the sample from wheat flour.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Women with Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Stearns Kristen , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Palatnik Anna
Published: January 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension by maternal race and ethnicity.

Methods A retrospective cohort study of women with chronic hypertension was performed from the Consortium on Safe Labor (2002–2008). Maternal self-reported race and ethnicity were analyzed as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic. Maternal outcomes included cesarean birth, postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion, placental abruption, eclampsia, maternal intensive care unit admission, and death. Neonatal outcomes included preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), 5-minute Apgar <7, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal intensive care unit admission, sepsis, and death. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to examine the association between maternal race and ethnicity and perinatal outcomes.

Results A total of 2,729 women were included. In unadjusted analysis, non-Hispanic White women had higher rates of placental abruption and Hispanic women had higher rates of placental abruption and eclampsia. In multivariable analysis, non-Hispanic Black continued to have higher odds of placental abruption (adjusted odds ratio 4.16, 95% confidence interval 1.29–18.70), but the rest of the maternal outcomes did not differ between the groups. When comparing neonatal outcomes, PTB, SGA, and LBW were more frequent in, 5-minute Apgar <7 non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women compared with non-Hispanic White women. In addition, 5-minute Apgar <7 and neonatal sepsis were more frequent in non-Hispanic Black neonates and neonatal death was more frequent in Hispanic neonates compared with non-Hispanic White women. In multivariable regression, neonates of non-Hispanic Black women had higher odds of PTB, SGA, LBW, 5-minute Apgar < 7, and sepsis compared with non-Hispanic White women. Similarly, neonates of Hispanic women had higher odds of SGA, LBW, and death.

Conclusion Significant racial and ethnic disparities were identified mainly in neonatal outcomes of women with chronic hypertension.

Key Points
Multiple state-of-the-art tools used to investigate methanol and formic acid electrooxidation
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: January 2022

Integrated spectroscopic system provides insight into the electrooxidation of fuels used in fuel cells
Using computer modeling to test virus mitigation strategies
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: January 2022

Accurate simulation method highlights the effectiveness of air purifiers and increased air circulation on mitigating virus transmission.
Hybrid gyrokinetic ion/fluid electron simulation of toroidal tearing modes
Authors: Zhang Ruibo , Chen Yang , Ye Lei , Xiang Nong
Published: January 2022

The effects of toroidicity and kinetic ions on the resistive tearing mode are systematically studied with the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulation code GEM [Y. Chen and S. E. Parker, J. Comput. Phys. 220, 839 (2007)] and compared with analytic theory. A new field solver in toroidal geometry has been developed for the simulation of low-n (n = 1, 2) modes in tokamaks. It is found that the toroidal effect significantly reduces the growth rate of the tearing mode. The toroidal effect can also increase the radial width of the tearing mode and change the scaling between the radial mode width and resistivity due to the toroidal pressure term in the electron continuity equation. The kinetic effects of ions can decrease the growth rate of the tearing mode. The plasma flux-surface shaping is found to have significant effect on the tearing mode.
Granular temperature in a boundary-driven oscillating granular inclined flow
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Zhang Sheng , Lin Ping
Published: January 2022

An inclined granular flow on an ordered bottom presents complex behaviors. With a moderate inclination angle, a complete oscillation period contains a developing ordered flow, a sustained disordered flow, and two transitions: ordered–disordered (O–D) transition and disordered–ordered (D–O) transition, respectively. Unlike other granular systems, this ordered flow in our case is unstable and breaks down owing to a shear-induced explosion, where the velocity distribution vs depth develops from Newtonian type to Bagnold type. For the disordered flow case, a Bagnold-type bulk flow maintains above the “hot” basal layer. A detailed analysis shows that the O–D transition starts from a heating, which appears at the surface, and the disordering transports downwards to the basal layer with a granular temperature scaled by pressure T/P for local disordering. A shear-induced dilation in a basal layer produces an “explosion.” For the D–O transition, an ordering occurs in the basal layer with another scaled granular temperature T/P and then the ordering transports upward to the top surface.