bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling a 17th-Century North Netherlandish Panel Maker
Authors: Wadum Jørgen , Domínguez-Delmás Marta , Jager Angela
Published: December 2022

The marking and branding of oak panel painting supports is a well-known practice in art-production centers of the Southern Netherlands, such as Antwerp in the 16th and 17th centuries. Conversely, information about the activities and regulations of 17th-century panel makers in the Northern Netherlands is scant and has hitherto never been thoroughly researched. Here, we present our research on a panel maker who sold his products to painters within the Dutch Republic. He stamped his house mark, consisting of two letters ‘M’ above each other and crowned by the cipher ‘4’, into the back of his panels. This mark has been found on panels from several painters active between 1632 and 1648. To narrow down the location of the unknown panel maker’s workshop, the source of the wood and the eventual interrelationships between the boards he used for the panels were investigated. In addition, the painters who painted on his supports were studied. This paper presents a novel dendrochronological examination of eight of his twenty-three known panels, combined with art historical research into the works of his customers. We propose that Rotterdam could have been the location of the panel maker’s workshop, based on the Baltic provenance of the wood of the panels, the painters who used them, and the supply of timber to the Dutch Republic in the first half of the 17th century. Our understanding of the panel maker’s practices in the 17th century is increased by this interdisciplinary attempt to unravel an unknown Dutch panel maker and his practice. To comprehend the complexity of the booming art market of the 17th-century Netherlands, further research into Dutch frame- and panel-makers and their regulations and practices is urgently needed.
House and Boat: Reuse of Ship Planking in a 10th Century Building at Hungate, York
Authors: Allen Steven J
Published: December 2022

Excavations in 2008–2009 in Hungate, York, UK, conducted by the York Archaeological Trust (now York Archaeology) revealed the waterlogged timbers of another building of a type best known from Coppergate. This building, dating to the third quarter of the 10th century CE, was superficially of the same construction as seen earlier at Coppergate, consisting of a rectangular pit cut into the ground lined with posts that supported a boarded outer lining. At Coppergate, the timbers were largely freshly felled specifically for the buildings in which they were found, and the tree ring sequences were local to the York region. However, at Hungate, when the timbers were lifted, it was immediately apparent that the board lining was made up of reused articulated slabs from a clinker-built boat. Moreover, the type of clinker construction was unusual and not of the “typical” Northwest European/Scandinavian type. Dendrochronological samples allowed the identification of potential sources of boat timbers, which were not local to York. This paper considers the evidence provided by the study of woodworking technology and the work done to identify the type of boat, its potential provenance, and the provenance of the timber used in its construction.
Passive Extradition: The Corte di Cassazione Rules on the Need to Verify whether, Especially in Time of War, Detention Conditions and Punishments in the Requesting State May Violate Fundamental Human Rights, also Taking into Consideration the Health Status of the Individual
Authors: Pustorino Pietro , Sabino Marta
Published: December 2022

The contribution analyzes judgment No. 10656/2022 of the Corte di Cassazione, wherein the Court has ruled on a passive extradition from Italy to Russia following a request issued by the latter in relation to a Russian former kbg member currently suffering from multiple sclerosis, after an arrest warrant had been issued against her for a common crime committed in Russia. The Corte di Cassazione, when considering the appeal well-founded, pointedly specifies which assessments shall be undertaken – also in light of the obligations arising from the European Convention on Human Rights – by the Italian judicial authority (i.e., the Corte d’Appello) called upon to decide on an extradition request involving a seriously ill individual, taking into account the detention conditions in the requesting State as well as the punishments prescribed therein in terms of the potential risk for the individual of being subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment.
Reading the Bible Differently: African Americans and the Bible
Authors: Okoye James Chukwuma
Published: December 2022

Reading texts is reading ourselves. The Bible became a language through which the uprooted slaves negotiated a strange new world and the slave existence. As identity and self-interpretation varied, so did the loci of interpretation shift. The essay navigates African American experience in tandem with the loci of their biblical interpretation, ending with reflection on the “hour”—the tasks and biblical loci for the current situation of African Americans.
Job’s Silence on Slavery: Theodicy and Retribution in Tension (Job 31:13)
Authors: Newsome Imhotep
Published: December 2022

This article seeks to broaden the interpretative landscape concerning contemporary discourse on the theme of slavery within the book of Job. Written from the perspective of Africana critical theory vis-a-vis standard depictions of the character of Job, the author argues that the issue of slavery writ large, aside from its immediate social/cultural ANE context, poses more complex and relevant questions of marginalization with which the academy and more so, modern society, must wrestle. Arguing from the postulated hermeneutics of three contemporary writers, this article analyzes Job’s direct reference to slavery—and seeks to reframe Job through the lens of Africana critical scholarship as one of many options through which the text can be necessarily re-appropriated and re-deployed by marginalized communities.
Rahab, Identity Transformation, and Reconciliation in the African Great Lakes Communities
Authors: Wenyi Jacob Onyumbe
Published: December 2022

African communities are plagued by the cult of origins. Identity has become an important factor in how people manage their communities and relationships. The role of identity in social and political life has caused frustrations and violence, placing identity politics at the forefront of scholarly discourse as well as discussions of policymakers, community builders, and reconciliation activists, especially in postcolonial Africa. As part of the Great Lakes Initiative’s efforts to foster reconciliation among communities in Africa, this article reads the story of Rahab in the context of the desperation caused by the cult of identity and suggests that African Christians broaden their understanding of who “their people” are.
Incorporating Intimacy
Authors: Nickel Mary
Published: December 2022

This essay tells the story of Francis J. Grimké. It incorporates several crucial strands in American history: chattel slavery, racialized sexual exploitation, early historically black colleges, Jim Crow violence, early organizing against racism, and the Harlem Renaissance. It draws together diverse notables with whom Francis had sustained personal contact: the Grimké sisters, Frederick Douglass, Charles Hodge, W.E.B. DuBois, Ida B. Wells, and Anna Julia Cooper. Grimké’s story certainly deserves telling. But, as I argue in the second part of the essay, his story also offers new insight into the role intimacy can play in the hard work of social criticism.
Charles H. Long the Liberationist: Context, Contact, and Meaning
Authors: Biwul Seth Ahmetmu
Published: December 2022

Liberation theology confronts head-on the dominant systems and structures of power. It shakes the foundations of empire and hegemony, deconstructs the public narrative of silent subordination, and rejects the portrait of the citizen as suffering servant. The liberationist calls for changes that necessarily transcend the individual subject into the societal landscape. This paper argues that the historian of religion, Charles H. Long engages his scholarship with such liberative sensibilities. It suggests that the works of Long are better understood with this added liberatory lens. Accordingly, it suggests the incorporation of Long into the corpus of liberationist thinkers.
From the House of Wisdom to Expo 2020 Dubai
Authors: Olini Simone
Published: December 2022

This short note recounts the challenges and processes followed to display the oldest surviving Arabic scientific text at Expo 2020 Dubai in the Holy See Pavilion. This palimpsest manuscript, Vat. sir. 623. pt. 2, contains a translation from the Greek of Theon of Alexandria’s introduction to Ptolemy’s Handy Tables, undertaken in the 8th/9th century at the so-called “House of Wisdom” in Baghdad.
Impact resistance of composite circular corrugated core sandwich structures
Authors: Zhang Guangguang , Wang Hangyan , Liu Qinghua , Liu Zhenfei
Published: December 2022

In this study, we used HyperMesh and LS-DYNA software, based on the MAT54 model and Chang-Chang failure criterion, to establish a finite element model of composite corrugated sandwich structures, and introduced a progressive damage model. The impact resistance of the corrugated sandwich structure was studied by analysing the residual velocity of the projectile, the impact force of the target plate, and the failure mode. The impact resistance of the corrugated sandwich structure was analysed when four types of composite materials were used as the front and back panels of the corrugated sandwich structure. The results showed that, compared with the metal aluminium panel, the impact resistance of the structure was high when ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibres were used as the positive panel. When the composites were used as the back panel, although the residual velocity was lower than metal aluminium, the impact force was higher than metal aluminium, with more serious damage form of the target plate. Thus, the impact resistance of composite front panel/metal aluminium core/metal aluminium back panel sandwich structure was better than the all-metal aluminium corrugated sandwich structures. The results of this paper can provide a reference for the design of novel lightweight multifunctional structures.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Provider-Engaged Religious Belief Discussions with Older Adults at the End of Life
Authors: Suntai Zainab , Chipalo Edson
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine racial/ethnic differences in provider-engaged religious belief discussion with older adults in the final month of life. Data were derived from the combined 2012 to 2020 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Chi-square tests were used for bivariate analysis, and a binary logistic regression model was used to test the association between race/ethnicity and provider-engaged religious belief discussions at the end of life. After controlling for other explanatory factors during the analysis, results showed that providers were less likely to have religious belief discussions with Black and Hispanic older adults compared to Whites. The results of this study point to a significant gap in knowledge among healthcare providers whose diversity training may not be inclusive of religious/spiritual cultural humility. Implications for research, policy, and practice are provided.
Enemies in Iraq, Human Beings in Norway: ‘Multilocal’ Boundaries between Radicalised Sunni and Shi‘a Muslims
Authors: Ahmed Uzair
Published: December 2022

This article employs symbolic boundary theory to investigate how a sample of radicalised Sunni and Shi‘a Muslims in Norway make meaning of their views, behaviour and interactions with denominational others. It draws on 23 interviews with individuals who legitimise violence or are willing to use violence themselves to achieve political change. Research on boundary construction shows that the relative importance of boundaries varies across geographical contexts for different individuals. This article introduces the concept of ‘multilocal’ boundaries, which vary across contexts for the same individuals. The findings suggest that despite the boundaries being firmly agreed upon, their impact is limited by participants’ avoidance of religion and politics, their need to stand together as a minority and the enforced laws in Norway. At the same time, these boundaries can remain largely undiluted in another context. The war in Syria and Iraq seems to strengthen the influence of boundaries.
Centering Asian Americans in Social Scientific Research on Religious Communities
Authors: Park Jerry Z. , Chang Joyce C.
Published: December 2022

Social scientific research on American Christianity typically centers the experiences and practices of White American Christians and predominantly white Christian communities or churches. Asian American Christians remain more invisible than other racial minority Christians and their churches, especially in quantitative analyses. Researchers who aim to center Asian American Christianity face several challenges in developing a comprehensive quantitative empirical study of individual believers and churches. Practically, Asian American Christian surveys require multiple language translations and a wide array of outreach techniques to obtain a reasonably representative oversample. Substantively, survey questions on American Christianity often presume White American Christian categories, concepts, and frames—applying these without reflection could result in analytic findings that merely demonstrate how similar Asian American Christians are to their white counterparts. Asian American Christians diverge from the experiences of other American Christians drawing from diverse transnational resources, and the specific ways in which Asian Americans as a whole are positioned in the contemporary American racial order. Advancing an Asian American Christian—centered social scientific research program requires overcoming the present methodological obstacles and incorporating theoretical and theological insights from Asian Americanist scholars. This in turn will produce a new and unique body of research that should prove valuable for the continuance of Asian American Christian communities as well as other American Christian churches facing similar challenges.
“If the Gospel We Preach Disregards Human Rights, I Would Rather not Preach This Gospel”: Towards a Lived Theology of Hong Kong Churches
Authors: Chu Ann Gillian , Perry John
Published: December 2022

Both pro-establishment Christians, who support ‘obeying the authority’ (Romans 13), and pro-democracy Christians, who participated in the 2014–20 protests, want what is best for Hong Kong and truest to their Christian faith, but they understand those aims differently. The former believe social stability is a way to create space for Christian faith to flourish, while the latter judge that we need to break the current unjust system for Christian faith to begin flourishing. After conducting interviews with lay Christians, we found that both sides can struggle to communicate their vision for faithful Christian political theology. One reason, which we explore here, is that the key theo-political concepts at issue—namely, protest, democracy, and rights—derive from the historical context of post-Christendom societies rooted in the Western Enlightenment tradition. Hong Kong is adjacent to that tradition, but not at home in it. Using the method of ‘narrative portraiture,’ we endeavor to explore their respective theologies. This method uses the participants’ own stories, so that we, as researchers, are not speaking for Hong Kong Christians, but instead illuminating their own ideas. Presenting these lived theologies can remind us, as church leaders, that our congregations are a source of God's revelation to us, even when they may lack the terms to communicate effectively, which is why we should not forget to listen to the “average Jane.”
Mechanical performance of composites reinforced with carbon black and different types of graphitic nanofillers for different applications
Authors: Manikkavel Amutheesan , Kumar Vineet , Park Sang-Shin
Published: December 2022

The piezo-electric energy harvesting devices based on rubber composites have attracted great attention in the field of flexible electronics. These devices have the ability to provide a voltage of ∼0.5 V when subjected to mechanical strain. In this work, carbon allotropes nanofillers were used to reinforce the room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SR). The nanofillers added to the rubber matrix were found to improve the compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, and tensile modulus. For example, the compressive modulus was 1.29 MPa (Virgin) and improved to 1.4 MPa (graphene), 2.3 MPa (CB), 2.2 MPa (CB–graphite hybrid), 2.17 MPa (CB–Nano graphite hybrid), and finally 2.19 MPa (CB–graphene hybrid). Similarly, the fracture strain was 146% (Virgin) and improved to 149% (graphene), 156% (CB), 160% (CB–graphite hybrid), 151% (CB–Nano graphite hybrid), and lastly 178% (CB–graphene hybrid). Moreover, the effect of three different diameters of loading tips is used for voltage production. More areas of deformation during energy harvesting can be able to produce higher voltage output. For example, a 21 mm tip can produce higher energy output than 7 mm and 14 mm. In the end, it was found that formation of cracks in the electrode while repeated loading causes a reduction in voltage output.
How One Blindness Agency Successfully Pivoted in Providing Essential Services in the Midst of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Groszew Linda , Zavoda Elsa
Published: December 2022

Our article addresses how our not-for-profit organization responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by shifting our paradigm, in how we deliver programs. We created virtual programs and have been delivering them via the Zoom platform, to provide education and training to individuals adjusting to vision loss, and their family members.
An Examination of Early Intervention Services for Children With Visual Impairments During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wild Tiffany A. , Herzberg Tina S. , Hicks Michelle A. C.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: In the early spring of 2020, governments were beginning to react to the news of a global pandemic being caused by COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of COVID-19 on early intervention services for young children with visual impairments and their families. Methods: Parents of children with visual impairments aged birth to 3 years were asked a series of questions contained in a larger Access and Engagement survey that investigated the experiences of families of children and young adults with visual impairments aged birth to 21 years and professionals that provided educational services. Results: Three overall themes emerged from the data: (1) many changes occurred in the home, (2) early intervention services changed, and (3) planning for the transition to preschool was affected. Discussion: Overall, the changes in education due to the pandemic and initial shutdown resulted in much parental stress. Parents reported that they were stressed and sometimes overwhelmed by the sudden and dramatic changes in their daily lives and how best to help their children in continuing to learn and develop their skills while simultaneously working from home, being caregivers to the other children in the family, and serving as educators and sometimes informal therapists to their children. Many services moved to an online format and were provided remotely. Implications for Practitioners: Service providers should continue to provide services to families and children who have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting shutdown while continuing to provide ways to support the social and emotional well-being of their families. Service providers and families should monitor their children's development and learning both now and in the future.
Interpreting δ13C Values Obtained on SOM from Ancient Maya Reservoirs and Depressions
Authors: Tankersley Kenneth Barnett , Dunning Nicholas P. , Lentz David L. , Carr Christopher , Grazioso Liwi , Hamilton Trinity L. , Reese-Taylor Kathryn
Published: December 2022

Elemental analyzer (EA) Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry was used to measure ∂13C values on soil organic matter from reservoirs and depressions at the ancient Maya urban centers of Tikal, Guatemala and Yaxnohcah, Mexico. Variation in δ13C values on soil organic matter were > −2.0‰, which suggests enrichment from C4 plants including maize, other tropical grasses (Poaceae), and tropical sedges (Cyperaceae), CAM plants (Clusia sp.), and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Cyanobacteria were likely a major contributor to the 13C enrichment of soil organic matter in Maya reservoirs and depressions, which has obfuscated our understanding of ancient Maya maize production. It is possible that the Maya used cyanobacteria as a fertilizer, which enriched agricultural field soil organic matter.
Do Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) Support Self-Reliance among Urban Refugees? Evidence from Kuala Lumpur and Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Martin-Shields Charles , Munir-Asen Katrina
Published: December 2022

Organizations working with refugees are increasingly using information communication technologies (ICTs) in their work. While there is a rich literature in the field of media and communications studies exploring how refugees use ICTs to meet their social and economic needs, this article focuses on whether and how refugees’ ICT use maps onto the policy concept of refugee self-reliance, focusing on the economic, educational, administrative, health, and security/protection domains of self-reliance in informal urban settings. Building on the literature on refugees’ ICT use, we use semi-structured interviews with urban refugees in Malaysia to understand how they use technology in their daily lives and whether these refugees’ digital practices support self-reliance. We also interviewed practitioners from the Malaysian United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees office and non-governmental organization (NGO) sectors to better understand such institutions’ strategies for using ICTs to deliver economic, educational, administrative, health, and protection programs in local refugee communities. Our findings are twofold: refugees’ use of ICTs represented idiosyncratic ways of achieving self-reliance, but when institutions tried to implement ICT solutions to support refugee self-reliance at a population level, refugees either did not use these ICT solutions or were critical of the institutional solutions. The findings presented here have import for not only research on refugee self-reliance and ICTs but also the wider migration field, as organizations, such as the International Organization for Migration and national immigration authorities, integrate ICTs into processes that affect migrants’ and displaced peoples’ economic, social, and political inclusion in cities of arrival.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of various nadir temperature strategies for hypothermic circulatory arrest for aortic arch surgery
Authors: Shimamura Junichi , Yokoyama Yujiro , Kuno Toshiki , Fujisaki Tomohiro , Fukuhara Shinichi , Takayama Hiroo , Ota Takeyoshi , Chu Michael WA
Published: December 2022

Background

The optimal nadir temperature for hypothermic circulatory arrest during aortic arch surgery remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare clinical outcomes of all three temperature strategies (deep, moderate, and mild hypothermia) using a network meta-analysis.

Methods

After literature search with MEDLINE and EMBASE through December 2021, studies comparing clinical outcomes with deep (<20°C), moderate (20–28°C), or mild (>28°C) hypothermic circulatory arrest were included. The outcomes of interest were perioperative mortality, stroke, transient ischemia attack (TIA), acute kidney injury (AKI), postoperative bleeding, operative time, and length of hospital stay.

Results

Twenty-four comparative studies were identified, including 6018 patients undergoing aortic arch surgery using hypothermic circulatory arrest (deep: 2,978, moderate: 2,525, and mild: 515). Compared to deep hypothermia, mild and moderate hypothermia were associated with lower mortality (mild vs. deep: odds ratio [OR] 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.87, moderate vs. deep: OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.54–0.86). In addition, mild hypothermia was associated with lower stroke (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.89), AKI (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15–0.88) and postoperative bleeding (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.31–0.97) compared to deep hypothermia. There was no significant difference between mild and moderate hypothermia in mortality, AKI or bleeding occurrence, while mild hypothermia was associated with shorter operative time and hospital stay. There was no significant difference in TIA rate among three groups.

Conclusions

Mild hypothermia was associated with overall more favorable clinical outcomes with comparable neurological complications compared to deep hypothermia. Furthermore, considering the shorter operative time and hospital stay compared with moderate hypothermia, mild hypothermia may be warranted when appropriate adjunctive cerebral perfusion is employed.
Intervertebral vacuum phenomenon – prevalence and severity CT-scan analysis in patients older than 50 years: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Camino-Willhuber Gaston , Vildoza Santiago , Martinez Ezequiel , Canestrari Lucia , Holc Fernando , Oh Michael , Bhatia Nitin , Lee Yu-Po , Bianchi Homero , Bendersky Mariana
Published: December 2022

Background

Chronic low back pain secondary to degenerative changes in the spine is a common cause of disability, and disc degeneration is one of the most frequent imaging findings. Intervertebral vacuum phenomenon (IVP) is usually observed in advanced degeneration. Recently, this phenomenon has gained interest due to a relatively new surgical technique called percutaneous discoplasty, aimed at treating low back pain secondary to degenerative disc disease in elderly patients.

Purpose

To analyze the prevalence and related factors of the vacuum phenomenon in adult patients.

Material and Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) for non-spine-related reasons. Age, body mass index, smoking, and CT-based characteristics as presence of IVP, subchondral sclerosis, and facet joint degeneration at the lumbar spine from L1 to the sacrum were included in order to determine the prevalence of the vacuum phenomenon in this population and establish a relationship between this condition and patient demographics and other signs of spine degeneration, such as sclerosis and facet joint disease.

Results

A total of 238 patients were included in the study (114 men, 124 women; mean age = 75.6 ± 12.3 years. In total, 91 (38%) patients had at least one level of IVP; 59 (25%) patients exhibited subchondral sclerosis, and 235 (98%) facet joint degeneration. Among risk factors, age, smoking, and subchondral sclerosis were significantly associated with the presence of vacuum.

Conclusion

IVP was present in 38% of participants. Risk factors associated with vacuum were age, smoking, and subchondral sclerosis.
A Geographical Study of Temple Desecration: The Reign of Emperor Aurangzeb in India
Authors: Sen Anjan , Rai Aditya Narayan
Published: December 2022

The history of Aurangzeb’s reign for 50 years from 1658 to 1707 CE is an indelible part of the history of India. The Mughal Empire grew in the east and south of India, so did the religious persecution of the infidels. Their temples were demolished and their religious practices were put to end. The objective of this article is to carry out a geographical study of desecration of temples during his rule and find the possible reasons behind it. The study takes help from books written during his reign by the office bearers in his administration translated into English. Aurangzeb was of the view that temples can be desecrated any time as they cannot walk. He did issue several orders, specific as well as general, for the destruction of places of worship of the worthless infidels. The study concludes that the state of Rajasthan has witnessed the highest number of temple desecrations under his rule. From the first Muslim invasion till the modern times, the vandalism and desecration of places of worship of infidels seems to be inspired by the Islamic concept of Sunnah—which means following the sayings, teachings and doings of the Prophet.
Imaging Similarities Between Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1 and Aicardi Syndrome: Prenatal and Postnatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in 4 Patients
Authors: Venkatesan Charu , Countee Elizabeth , Wong Beatrix , Spaeth Christine , Kline-Fath Beth M. , Nagaraj Usha D.
Published: December 2022

Prenatal identification by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of callosal anomalies, particularly with accompanying intracranial abnormalities, poses a challenge for accurate prognostication and fetal counseling as outcome can vary widely depending on underlying etiology. In female patients, Aicardi syndrome is an important consideration, and prompt postnatal ophthalmologic assessment to identify ocular stigmata of Aicardi syndrome can aid with anticipatory guidance and greater vigilance for seizures. We present a case of a female with fetal and postnatal MRI findings of agenesis of corpus callosum and type 2b interhemispheric cysts, characteristically found in Aicardi syndrome, but was found to have oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1). We also present 3 other companion cases with pre- and postnatal imaging of patients with Aicardi syndrome. These cases highlight the importance of widening the differential diagnosis to also include OFD1 for female patients with callosal anomalies.
Causes of HyperCKemia in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pasca Damaris , Ginsberg Matthew
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Creatine kinase (CK) is a commonly used screening test for neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). However, hyperCKemia can result from several pathologic and physiologic causes. We analyzed neuromuscular disorders in noninfant children with hyperCKemia including those with no weakness and mild CK elevations (<5 times the upper limit of normal). We hypothesized that children with mild CK elevation and no weakness would be unlikely to have neuromuscular disorders and require additional evaluation. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients between 1 and 18 years of age seen at a single children's hospital over a 3-calendar-year period with initial total CK values greater than the upper limit of normal with at least 2 years of follow-up data. Final diagnoses were analyzed and associations with possible risk factors assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess altering CK cutoff values. Results: Of 260 subjects with hyperCKemia, 18 had a neuromuscular disorder (6.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2%-10.9%). Of 166 subjects with CK <5 times the upper limit of normal and no weakness, 8 had a neuromuscular disorder (4.8%, 95% CI 2.3%-9.6%). Weakness (odds ratio [OR] 32.5, 95% CI 4-385, P = .0002), and family history of neuromuscular disorders (OR not calculable, P = .0003) were associated with neuromuscular disorders. An optimal CK threshold of 777 was identified on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 64%). The most commonly identified neuromuscular disorders were muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, and metabolic myopathies. Conclusion: Most children with hyperCKemia will not be diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder, but a significant minority even with mild hyperCKemia and without weakness may warrant additional evaluation.
Application of Fawcett’s Criteria in Theory Evaluation
Authors: Iduye Steve
Published: December 2022

Nursing informatics is an emergent field of practice, as are the conceptual and theoretical frameworks that underpin research in this field of practice. In research, theoretical frameworks serve as structured roadmaps that connect various concepts and propositions in a field of study. Therefore, building theoretical frameworks in nursing informatics requires evaluating relevant knowledge from other disciplines that intersect with nursing informatics to justify its relevance and applicability. Fawcett’s criteria provide feasible approaches for evaluating middle-range theory. Consequently, the prominent health program framework popularly referred to as the Donabedian Healthcare Quality Framework is significant to nursing informatics research and projects.
Look Up
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: December 2022

This article highlights the findings of the 1998 humanbecoming inquiry considering tomorrow. The participants in this inquiry were women homeless in Chicago. Children’s books, recent TV and newspaper articles focusing on the homeless in Pensacola, Florida, and various other humanbecoming inquiries involving homeless populations emphasize the importance of looking up and paying attention to what is occurring in humanuniverse so as to seize opportunities that present themselves with the emerging now.
Translating Authentic Nursing Knowledge From One Era to Another
Authors: Hanna Debra R.
Published: December 2022

As time passes, concepts change. The risk to nursing theories is that concepts can shift so far away from a theorist’s originally intended meaning that future scholars might misunderstand or misuse what will become historically time-bound theories. To preserve authentic nursing knowledge, the process of conceptual matching and translation is proposed. Two thought experiments are used to demonstrate conceptual translation.
Nursing and Humanities as Disciplinary Worlds in Nursing: A Review of Graham McCaffrey’s Nursing and Humanities 2020 Book
Authors: Locsin Rozzano C.
Published: December 2022

The author in this article provides a review and critique of Graham McCaffrey’s book Nursing and Humanities.
Property investigation for high-Performance Polyimides fabricated via compression molding in solid-like state
Authors: Wan Changxin , Jia Dan , Zhan Shengpeng , Zhang Wulin , Yang Tian , Li Yinhua , Li Jian , Duan Haitao
Published: December 2022

A compacted body was fabricated by pulverulent polyimide (PI) block copolymers using solid-like state compression molding (SCM) technique. Polymer heated to solid-like state, i.e. the high-elastic non-melting state above the glass transition temperature ( Tg) and well below melting temperature, could achieve plasticity due to dramatic decreases in elastic modulus. Tensile properties were taken as response values, and the results of single-factor experiments indicated that molding temperature was the dominant parameter on mechanical performances, followed by molding pressure and holding time. Within this context, the SCM process possesses a longer processing time window whereas the processing temperature is narrow. The manufacturing defects induced by inappropriate processing conditions also hurt the tribological performance of PIs. Particles in a solid-like state could coalesce tightly only by exerting both high temperature and pressure in the SCM process. Thermoforming mechanism examined by atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulation indicated that non-bonding interaction forces, especially van der Waals forces play a key role in fusing among polymeric particles. This study is devoted to establishing the interdependence of structure-formability-property for high-temperature polymers that are not melt processible.
Microstructure and electrochemical evaluation of ER-308L weld overlays on AISI 321 stainless steel for repair applications
Authors: Pravin Kumar N , Sreedhar G , Mohan Kumar S , Girinath B , Rajesh Kannan A , Pramod R , Siva Shanmugam N , Vishnukumar M
Published: December 2022

Weld overlaying is a promising and economical solution for repairing stainless steel structures. The present work deals with the deposition of ER-308L weld overlays on AISI 321 plate with Robotic gas metal arc welding setup. Microstructural examination depicts the presence of dendritic structures (equiaxed and columnar) and ferritic stringers. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the absence of precipitates and phases susceptible to corrosion in the as-deposited weld overlays. Specimens from ER-308L (weld overlay) and ER-308L&321-SS (interface) regions were subjected to electrochemical analysis using the Potentiodynamic polarization and double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation measurements. Both overlay and interface sections exhibited comparable corrosion rate – 3.30 and 3.62 mils penetration per year, respectively with different passivation behaviour. The improved passivation behaviour of the ER-308L weld overlay authenticates the presence of δ-ferrite stringers. Double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests highlighted the absence of sensitization on both weld overlay and interface specimens. This study presents the initial assessment results for repairing structural steel components subjected to corrosion damage.
A computational numerical simulation of free convection catalysts for magnetized micropolar ethylene glycol via copper and graphene oxide nanosolids
Authors: Alwawi Firas A , Yaseen Nusayba , Swalmeh Mohammed Z , Qazaq Amjad S
Published: December 2022

In this study, a mathematical model simulating the flow of ethylene glycol as a micropolar fluid supported by copper or graphene oxide nanoparticles around a cylinder affected by a magnetic field is established. A computational approximation is introduced for the solution of the governing mathematical model using the Keller-Box approximation. In addition, computations are executed with the aid of the MATLAB program to obtain numerical and graphical outcomes and validate and assess them. The graphical outcomes of the influential factors on the physical quantities related to energy transmission are analyzed and discussed. According to these outcomes, all physical groups are decreasing functions of the micropolar factor. With the exception of temperature, increasing the intensity of magnetic parameters has a negative impact on the studied physical groups. The fractional volume factor increases friction forces, the Nusselt number, and the temperature while decreasing velocity and angular velocity.
Black Girl Well-Being: A Scoping Review of Culturally and Gender Responsive Interventions
Authors: Williams-Butler Abigail , Dorsey Marquitta , Lateef Husain , Howard Tyriesa , Amoako Emmanuel Owusu , Nortey Portia
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Few interventions focus on the unique developmental contexts specific to Black adolescent girls living in the United States. This article conducts a scoping review to identify interventions targeted at the well-being of Black adolescent girls. Method: The authors conducted a comprehensive search using electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles that center interventions to address the well-being of Black adolescent girls. Results: Of the 3,144 unique records identified, eight peer-reviewed articles met the criteria for inclusion. Most interventions focused on issues related to sexual health ( n = 4), followed by interventions focusing on enhancing cultural values ( n = 3), and obesity prevention ( n = 1). Four interventions were both culturally and gender-responsive, three interventions were primarily culturally responsive, and one intervention was primarily gender-responsive with all articles focusing on Black girls’ well-being. Discussion: More interventions are needed that center on the distinct and intersectional challenges and strengths that Black adolescent girls experience within society.
Adventure Therapy for Adolescents with Complex Trauma: A Scoping Review and Analysis
Authors: Pringle Graham , Boddy Jennifer , Slattery Maddy , Harris Paul
Published: December 2022

Background: Childhood adversity is linked with mental health concerns, including complex trauma (CT), whereas positive experiences may be restorative. Treatment for CT with adolescents commonly uses therapies administered indoors. Yet outdoor adventure, being rich in positive experiences, may also be appropriate. Purpose: This article examines how adventure practices may be healing for adolescents with CT. Methodology/Approach: A scoping review of literature since 2014 on adventure therapy (AT) for 12- to 18-year-olds with CT was undertaken. Refining searches from six databases identified six texts which met inclusion criteria. A seventh paper was added manually. Findings/Conclusions: CT-informed adventure tended toward a tri-phasic approach: safety, processing, and integration. Adventure benefits included improvements in attachment, skills, schemas, and stress management. An ecological approach was identified, through the analysis, as were some well-intended but harmful practices that a human rights-based practice framework may help avoid. Implications: Adopting an ecological and human rights-based approach as frames for AT research and practice may yield new insights and enhance program effectiveness for youth with CT. This should apply to adventure generally and specifically to AT; however, more research is needed given the paucity of available texts.
Birth Control Sabotage Motivation and Measurement: A Mixed-Methods Analysis among Latina Women
Authors: Grace Karen Trister , Glass Nancy E. , Miller Elizabeth , Alexander Kamila A. , Holliday Charvonne N. , Decker Michele R
Published: December 2022

Reproductive coercion (RC) is a type of intimate partner violence that includes birth control sabotage (BCS). We explored the perceived intent behind BCS to refine RC measurement, using a mixed-methods design with a clinic-based sample of Latina women (13 interviews; 482 surveys). Women perceived partners used BCS for reasons beyond pregnancy promotion. Specifically, 16.8% of participants reported any past-year RC; this decreased to 9.5% when asked if their partner used BCS with the sole intent of getting them pregnant. RC measures and assessment should separate behavior from intent in BCS questions to not underestimate the prevalence and to guide clinical response.
Value of therapeutic drug monitoring of endoxifen in Egyptian premenopausal patients with breast cancer given tamoxifen adjuvant therapy: A pilot study
Authors: EL Desoky Ehab S , Taha Amira F , Mousa Heba Salah , Ibrahim Abeer , Saleh Medhat A , Abdelrady Mohamed A , Hareedy Mohammad Salem
Published: December 2022

Background

The complex metabolic profile of tamoxifen anticancer drug and polymorphism in its metabolizing enzymes particularly CYP2D6 contribute to the high-observed inter-individual variability in its main active metabolite endoxifen. Therapeutic drug monitoring of endoxifen may play a key role in optimizing tamoxifen therapy, and control of both adverse effects and cancer recurrence. This pilot study aims to assess the clinical benefits of applying endoxifen measurement during tamoxifen therapy in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

Adult premenopausal breast cancer patients ≥ 18 years who received tamoxifen at a fixed dose of 20 mg daily were included. The primary endpoint was to identify the inter-subject variability in serum concentration of the drug and its metabolites especially endoxifen, through fixation of the tamoxifen dose. The secondary endpoint was to check the correlation between endoxifen metabolite concentration and the development of tamoxifen’s adverse effects and cancer recurrence.

Results

Sixty patients were included in the study with a mean age of 38.4  ±  0.6 years (range: 26–50). The mean concentration of tamoxifen and endoxifen was 181  ±  9.6 ng/mL and 31.49 ng/mL, respectively. The inter-individual variability in concentrations for the drug and its active metabolite as estimated by the coefficient of variation percentage was in 41% and 31%, respectively. Cancer recurrence was observed in a group of patients ( n  =  16) with an average endoxifen level of 24.48 ng/mL. Another group of patients ( n  =  25) developed different tamoxifen adverse effects including hot flashes, vaginal bleeding, endometrial thickness, and ovarian cysts with the average endoxifen level of 38.61 ng/mL. The rest of the patients ( n  =  19) who responded smoothly to the drug with no complications had an average endoxifen level of 31.37 ng/mL. Analysis of variance test showed a significant difference in endoxifen levels between the three groups ( p  =  0.002).

Conclusion

The measurement of the endoxifen active metabolite of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients can help dose optimization in light of the observed wide inter-individual variability in drug fixed-dose related concentration of the metabolite. Monitoring of serum concentration of endoxifen can help to reveal, reduce and control tamoxifen’s adverse effects and cancer recurrence.
VicTAG chemotherapy audit toolkit: Improving chemotherapy quality and safety
Authors: O’Connor Shaun , Matthews Helen , Hornby Colin
Published: December 2022

Objective

Off-protocol prescribing of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) can lead to concerns about effectiveness of patient care. To identify variations in practice, a toolkit was developed for health services to address patient safety and the risk of sub-optimal outcomes for patients.

Data sources

Following significant incidents with SACT in South Australia and New South Wales, the Department of Health and Human Services, Victoria (the department) conducted an assessment of Victorian public health services to understand current practice regarding SACT protocol governance. A literature review examining SACT auditing was also undertaken to guide improvements. A department supported Chemotherapy Audit Toolkit (CAT) was created for implementation at public hospitals in Victoria. A post-implementation survey was done on uptake and issue identification.

Data summary

An initial assessment showed that 27% of Victorian public health services were undertaking retrospective review of SACT dosing, which was targeted for improvement. The literature review identified little guidance, however an audit of current sector practices found several audit methodologies. A process that involved audits by health services assessing their own practice was adopted. The toolkit was developed and piloted with health services. A post-implementation survey showed that 20% of services were using the toolkit, 35% were implementing the toolkit and 45% did not use the toolkit.

Conclusions

The VicTAG CAT has been adopted by more than half of Victorian public health services and is being used to influence prescribing. Implementation of the toolkit has been affected by resource reallocation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CAT is available online.
Nonclinical Testing Evaluation of Liposomes as Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Baldrick Paul
Published: December 2022

Various marketed drugs, as well as many in-development, have utilized liposomes, vesicles composed of one or more phospholipid bilayers, as a drug delivery system, often with the statement that they are “non-toxic” materials. This paper examined safety testing considerations and reviewed nonclinical packages used to support the safe clinical use and marketing of drugs using a liposomal drug delivery system, including liposome-only study findings. It was found that most experience has come from use of an established drug (especially in the oncology field) in a liposome formulation with known excipients. From this knowledge, it is proposed that the minimal package of studies (using an oncology indication as an example) needed to support clinical entry should include in vivo pharmacology in selected mouse xenograft models, pharmacokinetic characterization showing enhanced kinetics or disposition and including tumor exposure evaluation along with repeat-dose toxicity testing in one species. It was also found that the liposomes used in drug delivery systems are not truly “non-toxic” materials. However, the majority of findings in toxicity testing relate to macrophage processing of large amounts of lipid material, with no human known safety consequence. Of note, however, are cases of hypersensitivity for some PEGylated liposome forms which translate to the clinic.