bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing and Social Media
Authors: Goyal Reshu , Dhyani Praveen , Rishi Om Prakash
Published: March 2017

Time has changed and so does the world. Today everything has become as a matter of one click. With this effort we are trying to explore the new opportunities features and capabilities of the new compeers of Internet applicability known as Social Media or Web 2.0. The effort has been put in to use the internet, social media or web 2.0 as the tool for marketing issues or the strategic business decision making. The main aim is to seek social media, web 2.0 internet applications as the tool for marketing.
The Internet of Things and Opportunities for Pervasive Safety Monitored Health Environments
Authors: Michell Vaughan
Published: March 2017

This chapter discusses the opportunities for new ubiquitous computing technologies, with concentration on the Internet of Things (IoT), to improve patient safety and quality. The authors focus on elective or planned surgical interventions, although the technology is applicable to primary and trauma care. The chapter is divided into three main sections with section 1 covering medical error issues and mechanisms, section 2 introducing Internet of Things, and section 3 discussing how IoT capabilities may address and reduce medical errors. The authors explore the existing theory of errors expounded by Reason (Reason, 2000, 1998; Leape, 1994) to identify perception-, decision-, and knowledge-based medical errors and related processes, environments, and cultural drivers causing error. The authors then introduce the technology of the Internet of Things and identify a range of capabilities from sensing, tracking, control, cooperative, and semantic reasoning. They then show how these new capabilities might be applied to reduce the errors expounded by the discussed error theories. They identify that: IoT enables augmentation of objects, which provides a massive increase in information transfer, thus improving clinician perception and support for decision-making and problem solving; IoT provides a host of additional observers and opportunities, which can shift the focus of overworked clinicians from constant monitoring to undertaking complex actions, such as decision making and care; IoT networks of sensors and actuators, through the addition of semantic and contextual rules, support decision making and facilitate automated monitoring and control of pervasive safety-monitored health environments, thus reducing clinician workload.
An Autonomous Intelligent System for the Private Outdoors Monitoring of People with Mild Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Martínez-Ballesté Antoni , Budesca Frederic Borràs , Solanas Agustí
Published: March 2017

The aim of this chapter is to describe a system for the private outdoor monitoring of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairments (MCI) and dementia. The system has been designed for patients suffering from early stages of Alzheimer's disease and people suffering from MCI and dementia. Virtually, the system may be applied to any person capable of living autonomously but might get lost whilst doing his/her everyday activities, due to a decrease in their cognitive function. The system uses off-the-shelf smartphones carried by patients to detect abnormal situations and to raise alarms accordingly. The authors describe the system, detail its features, and discuss its utility and relevance both technically and socially.
Decision-Making and Decision Support in Acute Care
Authors: Taylor Brett W.
Published: March 2017

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are information tools intended to optimize medical choice, promising better patient outcomes, faster care, reduced resource expenditure, or some combination of all three. Clinical trials of CDSS have provided only insipid evidence of benefit to date. This chapter reviews the theory of medical decision-decision making, identifying the different decision support needs of novices and experts, and demonstrates that discipline, objective and setting, and affect of the nature of support that is required. A discussion on categorization attempts to provide metrics by which systems can be compared and evaluated, in particular with regard to decision support mechanics and function. Throughout, the common theme is the placement of clinical decision makers at the center of the design or evaluation process.
Science and Innovative Thinking for Technical and Organizational Development
Authors: Komendziński Tomasz , Dreszer-Drogorób Joanna , Mikołajewska Emilia , Mikołajewski Dariusz , Bałaj Bibianna
Published: March 2017

Information technology becomes important part of the current state of the art within health sciences. It allows to gather and analyze biomedical signals and data sets in the more efficient way, and provide better insight into evidences due to metabases and decision support systems based on computational intelligence. Social changes, development of IT systems and shortages in number of specialists, specialistic equipment and budget can stimulate quicker development of cheaper semi-automated solutions increasing both accurateness of the diagnosis and the safety of patients. This chapter aims to describe the concept of the development of the heath care and professional training based on current achievements within technology, education, E-Health and patient-tailored therapy. The authors try to answer the question: how current results can be developed and incorporated into scientific research and clinical practice?
Study on Radiation Properties of Polyurethane/Nano Zirconium Oxide Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Azemati Ali Akbar , Khorasanizadeh Hossein , Shirkavand Hadavand Behzad , Sheikhzadeh Ghanbar Ali
Published: March 2017

The present research studies on the effect of nanoparticles on polymeric coatings and heat transfer in them. For this purpose, three different weight percentage of nanozirconium oxide (1, 3 and 5%) were added to polyurethane resin and applied on metallic plates. To determine the radiation heat transfer coefficients, emissivity coefficient and thermography of the samples along a region of long wavelengths (IR) were measured. The results showed that by adding zirconium oxide nanoparticles to the polyurethane resin, the absorption and emissivity coefficient of coating in all three samples were improved compared to the coating without nanoparticles.
Elastomeric Properties in Thermosetting Polymer Induced by Nanoclay Addition
Authors: Suarnaba Emee Grace T. , Razonado Ivy Ann C. , Madriaga Lawrence V. , Diaz Leslie Joy L.
Published: March 2017

This study focused on the effect of filler distribution and morphology on the observed mechanical behavior of nanocomposites under compressive loading. Polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCN) at various filler loadings were prepared via solution intercalation method. Organomodified montmorillonite (MMT) fillers were dispersed into nanometer length scales using high frequency ultrasonicator. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) suggested polymer intercalation with a 44-52% increase in the d-spacing of MMT. Dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed that the heat evolved during the curing process was relatively lower in PCN compared to the neat resin. This decrease in the magnitude of the heat of reaction (HR) was attributed to nanoclay addition. Since HR for a thermoset was primarily due to network formation, it was deduced that the crosslink density of neat resin is higher than that of PCN. Consequently, with fewer points of restriction in the polymer network, PCN has a higher propensity of sustaining larger elastic strain under low loadings. This behavior is similar to an elastomer despite the thermoset nature of the PCN.
An investigation into the effect of leadership style on stress-related presenteeism in South African knowledge workers
Authors: George Reuben , Chiba Manoj , Scheepers Caren B.
Published: March 2017

Orientation: Leadership styles influence knowledge workers’ job-stress-related presenteeism (JSRP) and, ultimately, organisational performance. Knowledge workers generally work under strict deadlines in fast-paced, stressful environments, and require organisational support.Research purpose: The objective of this study was to examine empirically the effect of three leadership styles, namely transformational, transactional and laissez-faire, on job-relatedstress presenteeism in knowledge workers across a number of industries in South Africa.Motivation for the study: Absenteeism has been the subject of much investigation but more research is required into the antecedents and consequences of presenteeism, the phenomenon of employees being physically present at work, but not fully functional and therefore unproductive. Illness as an antecedent to presenteeism has been studied, but limited attention has been given to presenteeism caused by stress. There are very few studies that investigate leadership styles as antecedents for JSRP and this study therefore sets out to provide quantitative evidence of this relationship.Research design, approach and method: The researchers used a cross-sectional quantitative approach within the positivism research philosophy. Two questionnaires were administered: the multifactor leadership questionnaire form 6S and the job-related-stress presenteeism questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product-moment correlation were used to answer the research questions. The participants (N = 242) were knowledge workers, representing 12 widely categorised industries. The researchers analysed job role descriptions to ensure the respondents were all knowledge workers.Main findings: Transformational leadership has a higher negative correlation with JSRP than does transactional leadership, whereas laissez-faire leadership has no significant relationship with job stress or JSRP.Practical/managerial implications: The research provides a compelling case for investment into transformational and transactional leadership development by showing the preventative effect that transformational leadership and, to a lesser degree, transactional leadership, has on stress-associated presenteeism.Contribution/value-add: Presenteeism lowers organisational performance even more than absenteeism does, and exists at huge cost to employees’ quality of work-life. This empirical study, the first to use valid, reliable questionnaires to investigate the relationship between transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership on the one hand, and JSRP on the other, suggests that transformational leadership development should be prioritised.
Dibujando Metrópolis. El sueño arquitectónico de Fritz Lang
Authors: Molina-Siles Pedro
Published: March 2017

La productora de la película Metrópolis, dirigida por Fritz Lang en 1927, recurrió a tres grandes escenógrafos para que, a través de sus dibujos, dieran forma a esa arquitectura protagonista indiscutible del film. Una arquitectura con grandes influencias arquitectónicas y urbanísticas que no dejó indiferente a nadie. En este artículo nos centramos en el análisis de los primeros dibujos que presentaron estos escenógrafos, su traslación a los decorados, la demostración de que estos son algo mas que un fondo escénico y el impacto que generaron, no solo en la arquitectura venidera sino también en la imagen de la ciudad del futuro que el cine nos depararía mas adelante.
Inflammatory responses to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors
Authors: Tuet Wing Y. , Chen Yunle , Fok Shierly , Champion Julie A. , Ng Nga L.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Cardiopulmonary health implications resulting from exposure to secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which comprise a significant fraction of ambient particulate matter (PM), have received increasing interest in recent years. In this study, alveolar macrophages were exposed to SOA generated from the photooxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursors (isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, pentadecane, m-xylene, and naphthalene) under different formation conditions (RO2 + HO2 vs. RO2 + NO dominant, dry vs. humid). Various cellular responses were measured, including reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production and secreted levels of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). SOA precursor identity and formation condition affected all measured responses in a hydrocarbon-specific manner. With the exception of naphthalene SOA, cellular responses followed a trend where TNF-α levels reached a plateau with increasing IL-6 levels. ROS/RNS levels were consistent with relative levels of TNF-α and IL-6, due to their respective inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Exposure to naphthalene SOA, whose aromatic ring-containing products may trigger different cellular pathways, induced higher levels of TNF-α and ROS/RNS than suggested by the trend. Distinct cellular response patterns were identified for hydrocarbons whose photooxidation products shared similar chemical functionalities and structures, which suggests that the carbon backbone may be important for determining cellular effects. A positive nonlinear correlation was also detected between ROS/RNS levels and previously measured DTT activities for SOA samples. In the context of ambient samples collected during summer and winter in the greater Atlanta area, all laboratory-generated SOA produced similar or higher levels of ROS/RNS and DTT activities. These results suggest that the health effects of SOA are important considerations for understanding the health implications of ambient aerosols.
Variations in energy, flux, and brightness of pulsating aurora measured at high time resolution
Authors: Dahlgren Hanna , Lanchester Betty S. , Ivchenko Nickolay , Whiter Daniel K.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. High-resolution multispectral optical and incoherent scatter radar data are used to study the variability of pulsating aurora. Two events have been analysed, and the data combined with electron transport and ion chemistry modelling provide estimates of the energy and energy flux during both the ON and OFF periods of the pulsations. Both the energy and energy flux are found to be reduced during each OFF period compared with the ON period, and the estimates indicate that it is the number flux of foremost higher-energy electrons that is reduced. The energies are found never to drop below a few kilo-electronvolts during the OFF periods for these events. The high-resolution optical data show the occurrence of dips in brightness below the diffuse background level immediately after the ON period has ended. Each dip lasts for about a second, with a reduction in brightness of up to 70 % before the intensity increases to a steady background level again. A different kind of variation is also detected in the OFF period emissions during the second event, where a slower decrease in the background diffuse emission is seen with its brightness minimum just before the ON period, for a series of pulsations. Since the dips in the emission level during OFF are dependent on the switching between ON and OFF, this could indicate a common mechanism for the precipitation during the ON and OFF phases. A statistical analysis of brightness rise, fall, and ON times for the pulsations is also performed. It is found that the pulsations are often asymmetric, with either a slower increase of brightness or a slower fall.
C  ∕ N ratio, stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N), and n-alkane patterns of brown mosses along hydrological gradients of low-centred polygons of the Siberian Arctic
Authors: Zibulski Romy , Wesener Felix , Wilkes Heinz , Plessen Birgit , Pestryakova Luidmila A. , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Mosses are a major component of the arctic vegetation, particularly in wetlands. We present C ∕ N atomic ratio, δ13C and δ15N data of 400 brown-moss samples belonging to 10 species that were collected along hydrological gradients within polygonal mires located on the southern Taymyr Peninsula and the Lena River delta in northern Siberia. Additionally, n-alkane patterns of six of these species (16 samples) were investigated. The aim of the study is to see whether the inter- and intraspecific differences in C ∕ N, isotopic compositions and n-alkanes are indicative of habitat, particularly with respect to water level. Overall, we find high variability in all investigated parameters for two different moisture-related groups of moss species. The C ∕ N ratios range between 11 and 53 (median: 32) and show large variations at the intraspecific level. However, species preferring a dry habitat (xero-mesophilic mosses) show higher C ∕ N ratios than those preferring a wet habitat (meso-hygrophilic mosses). The δ13C values range between −37.0 and −22.5 ‰ (median  =  −27.8 ‰). The δ15N values range between −6.6 and +1.7 ‰ (median  =  −2.2 ‰). We find differences in δ13C and δ15N compositions between both habitat types. For some species of the meso-hygrophilic group, we suggest that a relationship between the individual habitat water level and isotopic composition can be inferred as a function of microbial symbiosis. The n-alkane distribution also shows differences primarily between xero-mesophilic and meso-hygrophilic mosses, i.e. having a dominance of n-alkanes with long (n-C29, n-C31) and intermediate (n-C25) chain lengths, respectively. Overall, our results reveal that C ∕ N ratios, isotopic signals and n-alkanes of studied brown-moss taxa from polygonal wetlands are characteristic of their habitat.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Neurofeedback: Reducing Insomnia Symptoms
Authors: Basiri Nooshin , Khayyer Zahra , Hadianfard Habib , Ghaderi Amirhossein
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCTION: The term sleep disorder refers to difficulty in initiating sleep, maintaining it or a relaxing sleep despite having enough time to sleep. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a non-drug multi-dimensional treatment that targets behavioral and cognitive factors of this disorder. Some pieces of research have shown that psychiatric and neurological disorders can be distinguished from distinct EEG patterns and neuro-feedback can be used to make a change in these patterns. This study aimed to compare the cognitive behavioral therapy and neuro-feedback in the treatment of insomnia.METHODS: The sample included people, who had already been diagnosed insomnia by a psychiatrist in Isfahan, Iran. Random sampling was employed to choose the participants. Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) was used for the selection of the participants, too. The sample included 40 patients who were randomly selected and interviewed and then diagnostic tests performed on the PSQI, and then they were divided into 3 groups. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Following the implementation of the independent effect of the treatment was significant and one-way ANOVA with post hoc test L.S.D were carried out on CBT and controls (p = 0.001), CBT, neuro-feedback therapy (p = 0.003), neuro-feedback treatment and control (p = 0.001).RESULTS: It was shown that there was a significant difference between the groups. Based on the descriptive statistics of the 2 abovementioned treatments, neuro-feedback therapy in first position and cognitive-behavioral therapy were most effective in the second position, and the control group showed the lowest efficiency.CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments were significantly effective, and so we can use both neuro-feedback and CBT for the treatment of insomnia.
Een gezamenlijke rekening?
Authors: Klievink Bram , van Wegberg Rolf , van Eeten Michel
Published: March 2017

Will collaboration for digital security survive new challengers?

The speed and disruptive character of digital innovations affect social structures and practices faster than institutions can keep up with them. This results in an ‘institutional void’, i.e. a gap between the rules and institutions and their ability and the effectiveness of their measures. It also affects the institutional stability that is the basis for the paradigm of collaboration-based types of governance. In this paper, we explore how parties are able to set up collaboration for digital security, which is inherently a topic that transcends organisational boundaries. Yet digital innovations constantly enable new challengers that might not share the same incentives for collaboration. Life in an institutional void is convenient for them and enables new business models. Hence, a key question is whether (institutionalised) collaboration is a sustainable model for addressing shared problems like digital security. We explore this question in the domain of financial cyber fraud. The new (regulatory) space currently being created for innovators suggests that the answer is ‘no’. It is too early to say how this will play out specifically and we argue for further research into the antecedents for collaboration in institutional voids.
W metropolii i poza nią – kina na Dolnym Śląsku przed rokiem 1945
Authors: Dębski Andrzej
Published: March 2017

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Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with climate change impacts.
Authors: Adamczak-Retecka Monika
Published: March 2017

The topic of loss and damage in the context of climate change has gained increasing importance in the UNFCCC climate change talks in recent years. The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage was established after two years of deliberations by the Conference of the Parties (COP) 19 in 2013. It is supposed to be the main vehicle under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to promote the implementation of approaches to address loss and damage associated with climate change impacts in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change in a comprehensive integrated and coherent manner.
Selected issues of legal interpretation in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court.
Authors: Szudejko Piotr
Published: March 2017

The ongoing dispute in Poland for the position in the political system and the functioning of the Constitutional Court is highlighting the problems of the legal interpretation, conducted by this body.The aim of the article is to analyze selected problems signaled in the public discourse: the acting of the Constitutional Court as a judge in its own case and the use of dynamic and static methods of legal interpretation.The basis for deliberation is a description of the functions exercised by the Constitutional Court, including interference function, as well as the basic classification of legal interpretation, with particular emphasis on dynamic and static interpretation. On this background, an analysis of the admissibility and the consequences of the use of these methods of interpretation in the jurisprudence of the Court was presented.Moreover, the principle nemo judex in causa sua was presented, including the description of its role in the Polish legal system as well as permitted exceptions.The result of the study was the observation that the legal provisions do not define acceptable methods of interpretation, which means that the entity that is performing legal interpretation has the discretion in choosing the appropriate method. At the same time the thesis has been proposed, that the use of a dynamic interpretation of constitutional models should be considered an exception, justified by the occurrence of significant socio-economic changes.
Comparative study of three reconnection X line models at the Earth's dayside magnetopause using in situ observations
Authors: Souza V. M. , Gonzalez W. D. , Sibeck D. G. , Koga D. , Walsh B. M. , Mendes O.
Published: March 2017

This work examines the large‐scale aspects of magnetic field reconnection at the Earth's dayside magnetopause. We use two sets of reconnection events, which are identified mostly by the in situ detection of accelerated and Alfvénic plasma flows. We intercompare three analytical models that predict the reconnection X line location and orientation, namely, the Trattner et al. (2007) and Swisdak and Drake (2007) models and also a modified version of the component merging model. In the first set of reconnection observations, we show three fortuitous, quasi‐simultaneous dayside magnetopause crossing events where two widely separated spacecraft detect reconnection signatures, and the X line location and orientation can be inferred from the observations. We compare X line model predictions to those inferred from observations. These three reconnection events indicate the presence of an extended (>7 Earth radii in length), component‐type reconnection X line on Earth's dayside magnetopause connecting and structuring the reconnection signatures at locations far apart. In the second set of reconnection events, we analyze the X line models' performance in predicting the observed reconnection outflow direction, i.e., its north‐south and/or east‐west senses, in a total of 75 single, rather than multiple and quasi‐simultaneous, magnetopause crossing events, where reconnection‐associated plasma flows were clearly present. We found that the Swisdak and Drake's (2007) X line model performs slightly better, albeit not statistically significant, when predicting both accelerated plasma flow north‐south and east‐west components in 73% and 53% of the cases, respectively, as compared to the Trattner et al. (2007) model (70% north‐south and 42% east‐west) and the modified component merging model (66% north‐south and 50% east‐west).
Flow variability within the Alaska Coastal Current in winter
Authors: Jarosz Ewa , Wang David , Wijesekera Hemantha , Scott Pegau W. , Moum James N.
Published: March 2017

Coastal circulation off Kayak Island in the northern Gulf of Alaska was explored in wintertime (October 2012 to March 2013) by deploying nine moorings within the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC). Hydrographic, bottom‐pressure, and velocity observations depicted well the winter variability of the ACC. Atmospheric observations showed a net loss of heat, 30 W m−2 or more, from the ocean to the atmosphere and indicated that storms with downwelling‐favorable winds over 10 m s−1 frequently passed over the area. Due to vigorous mixing during storms, the waters were well‐mixed or weakly stratified whereas bottom‐pressure anomalies were mainly related to surface‐elevation fluctuations and indicated that there was also a cross‐shelf surface‐elevation gradient. Current observations showed along‐shelf nearly barotropic subtidal flow of 40 cm s−1 or more throughout the water column. They also indicated that along‐shelf flow was primarily driven by the cross‐shelf pressure gradient resulting from the cross‐shelf surface‐elevation gradient and not by wind stress. Analyses suggested that flow dynamics within the ACC in winter were well‐described by vertically averaged momentum equations and showed a dominance of the cross‐shelf pressure gradient that was mainly balanced by the Coriolis term. Observations also showed that when winds relaxed, cold low‐salinity waters moved offshore and stratification was reestablished. Consequently, near‐shore waters were less dense, i.e., cooler and fresher than offshore waters resulting in the cross‐shelf density gradient that may have contributed to the along‐shelf flow by generating near‐surface currents of ∼20 cm s−1.
An SST‐dependent Ku‐band geophysical model function for RapidScat
Authors: Wang Zhixiong , Stoffelen Ad , Zhao Chaofang , Vogelzang Jur , Verhoef Anton , Verspeek Jeroen , Lin Mingsen , Chen Ge
Published: March 2017

A new Ku‐band geophysical model function (GMF), which includes sea surface temperature (SST) dependence, named NSCAT‐5, is developed for improved RapidScat wind retrieval. The RapidScat scatterometer instrument mounted on the International Space Station (ISS) provides near‐global wind data over the oceans. Starting from the existing NSCAT‐4 GMF, the variation of
is approximated as a second‐order Taylor expansion in sea surface temperature
for each given wind speed
, and the fitting coefficients are obtained from both observed and simulated radar cross sections, using ASCAT winds, of either vertical or horizontal polarizations. Furthermore, an intercalibration is performed which aligns the distribution of RapidScat wind speeds to that of ASCAT. NSCAT‐5 is obtained by correcting NSCAT‐4 with SST dependencies and intercalibration information. Validation of the new RapidScat wind products retrieved using NSCAT‐5 shows clear improvements over those obtained with NSCAT‐4: Wind inversion residuals no longer depend on SST, and the wind speed Probability Density Functions (PDFs) are closely overlapping with those of ASCAT. Also, RapidScat NSCAT‐5 minus ASCAT wind speed differences show no SST dependence. The work presented here opens a door for further improving the quality of wind products from Ku‐band backscatter measurements, and helps to build a long‐term and consistent essential Climate Data Record (CDR) of scatterometer winds.
Measuring the Correlation Between Emergency Medicine Resident and Attending Physician Patient Satisfaction Scores Using Press Ganey
Authors: Lang Spenser C. , Weygandt Paul L. , Darling Tiffani , Gravenor Stephanie , Evans Juliet J. , Schmidt Michael J. , Gisondi Michael A.
Published: March 2017

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between emergency medicine (EM) resident and attending physician patient satisfaction scores.

Methods

We added four resident questions to the standard Press Ganey survey used at a large, urban, university hospital with a PGY‐1 to ‐4 EM residency. The resident questions were identical to the traditional attending questions. Press Ganey distributed the modified survey to a random sample of 30% of discharged patients. We assessed the correlation between resident and attending top‐box Press Ganey scores using Pearson's coefficients. Two‐tailed two‐sample comparisons of proportions were used to compare top‐box responses between residents and attendings.

Results

From September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015, a total of 66,216 patients received surveys, and 7,968 responded, resulting in a 12.03% response rate, similar to Press Ganey survey response rate at comparable peer institutions. Patients were able to discriminate between residents and attendings; however, 751 surveys did not contain responses for residents, resulting in a total number of 6,957. All 64 of the EM residents had a minimum of 5 or more surveys returned. There was a high degree of correlation between resident and attending top‐box scores with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.80. However, the proportion of top‐box scores was consistently higher for residents (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

There is a high degree of correlation between resident and attending top‐box scores on Press Ganey surveys, with residents scoring slightly higher than attendings. The addition of resident questions to the standard Press Ganey survey does not appear to decrease overall attending scores.
A Cascade of Redox Reactions Generates Complexity in the Biosynthesis of the Protein Phosphatase‐2 Inhibitor Rubratoxin A
Authors: Bai Jian , Yan Daojiang , Zhang Tao , Guo Yongzhi , Liu Yunbao , Zou Yi , Tang Mancheng , Liu Bingyu , Wu Qiong , Yu Shishan , Tang Yi , Hu Youcai
Published: March 2017

Redox modifications are key complexity‐generating steps in the biosynthesis of natural products. The unique structure of rubratoxin A (1), many of which arise through redox modifications, make it a nanomolar inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). We identified the biosynthetic pathway of 1 and completely mapped the enzymatic sequence of redox reactions starting from the nonadride 5. Six redox enzymes are involved, including four α‐ketoglutarate‐ and iron(II)‐dependent dioxygenases that hydroxylate four sp3 carbons; one flavin‐dependent dehydrogenase that is involved in formation of the unsaturated lactone; and the ferric‐reductase‐like enzyme RbtH, which regioselectively reduces one of the maleic anhydride moieties in rubratoxin B to the γ‐hydroxybutenolide that is critical for PP2A inhibition. RbtH is proposed to perform sequential single‐electron reductions of the maleic anhydride using electrons derived from NADH and transferred through a ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase pair.
Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentene Derivatives from Vinyldiazo Compounds and Vinylazides through Sequential Copper‐Promoted [3+2] Cycloaddition/Azide Rearrangement
Authors: López Enol , López Luis A.
Published: March 2017

The reaction of vinylazides with alkenyldiazo compounds in the presence of [Cu(CH3CN)4][BF4] provided cyclopentene derivatives with retention of the azide functionality. This process likely involves a sequence comprising: 1) decomposition of the diazo component with generation of a copper alkenylcarbene species; 2) stepwise regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition; 3) allylic azide rearrangement. This method is compatible with a broad range of substrates. We also show that the azide‐containing cycloadducts can be efficiently converted into the corresponding amine and triazole derivatives.
Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous Titania Thin Films with High Loading as a CO Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Akita Shingo , Amemiya Makoto , Matsumoto Takanori , Jikihara Yohei , Nakayama Tsuruo , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Kani Kenya , Ishii Daisuke , Islam Md. Tofazzal , Jiang Xiangfen , Fatehmulla Amanullah , Farooq Wazirzada Aslam , Bando Yoshio , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: March 2017

In the present work, 2.4 nm gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are uniformly dispersed on mesoporous titania thin films which are structurally tuned by controlling the calcination temperature. The gold content of the catalyst is as high as 27.8 wt %. To our knowledge, such a high loading of Au NPs with good dispersity has not been reported until now. Furthermore, the reaction rate of the gold particles is enhanced by one order of magnitude when supported on mesoporous titania compared to non‐porous titania. This significant improvement can be explained by an increase in the diffusivity of the substrate due to the presence of mesopores, the resistance to agglomeration, and improved oxygen activation.
Cardiovascular risk factors in Chiari malformation and idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Frič Radek , Pripp Are Hugo , Eide Per Kristian
Published: March 2017

Objectives

Both Chiari malformation type 1 (CMI, i.e., the idiopathic caudal ectopy of cerebellar tonsils into foramen magnum) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are characterized by reduced intracranial compliance (ICC) due to disturbed circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). An increasing body of evidence links cardiovascular disease to CSF circulation disturbances. The aim of this study was to explore whether the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CMI or IIH is higher than in the general population.

Materials and Methods

Among the patients with CMI or IIH treated at our department during the period 2003–2014, we identified those with history of arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris (AP), or diabetes mellitus (DM). For comparison with a control population, we retrieved information about the prevalence of AH, MI, AP, and DM among participants of the North‐Trøndelag Health Study 3 (HUNT3).

Results

Data from 48 CMI and 52 IIH cases were available. Compared to data from the 42,461 individuals participating in the HUNT3, we found increased prevalence of DM in male CMI as well as female IIH cases, and of AH in female IIH cases. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly increased in both female and male IIH cases. Prevalence of MI and AP in the CMI and IIH cohorts was extremely low and therefore not further studied.

Conclusions

This study provided evidence of an increased prevalence of DM in male CMI as well as female IIH cases and of AH in female IIH cases. Although requiring further exploration, these findings point to AH and DM as potential risk factors in the pathophysiology of CMI and IIH.
Olfaction in Parkin carriers in Chinese patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: Wang Ying , Wu Jian‐Jun , Liu Feng‐Tao , Chen Kui , Chen Chen , Luo Su‐Shan , Wang Yi‐Xuan , Li Da‐ke , Guan Rong‐Yuan , Yang Yu‐Jie , An Yu , Wang Jian , Sun Yi‐Min
Published: March 2017

Background

Olfactory identification was reported to be better among PD (Parkinson disease) patients with Parkin mutations, but previous studies didn't eliminate the interference of other PD related genes on olfaction, and whether olfaction of Parkin mutations patients was better in Chinese population was still unknown.

Objective

To assess olfaction function among PD patients with Parkin mutations in Chinese population.

Materials and Methods

A total of 226 PD patients with a positive family history or an early‐onset age (<50 years) were enrolled for genetic testing of PD related genes by target sequencing and multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification. The clinical data including olfactory function test were investigated. Linear regression was performed to adjust for the covariates between all groups.

Results

There were 68 patients found having a negative result in PD genetic testing and 43 patients carrying homozygous or compound heterozygous Parkin mutations. Among them, 49 PD panel negative patients and 33 PD‐Parkin patients had results of olfactory assessment. PD‐Parkin patients performed significantly better on the Sniffin’ Sticks tests than panel negative patients (8.0 ± 1.7 vs. 5.7 ± 1.9, p < .001), but still worse compared to healthy controls (9.4 ± 1.5, p = .003). These differences persisted after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions

Among Chinese population, PD‐Parkin patients had relatively preserved olfaction compared to PD panel negative patients after eliminating the interference of other PD related genes, but were still worse than healthy controls.
Competency‐based education as a force for equity
Authors: Navarre Cleary M. , Breathnach C.
Published: March 2017

In recent publications, critics and advocates of competency‐based education (CBE) have raised questions about whether or not CBE advances the cause of equity in education. This article offers a response, by way of a case study, describing an open‐admissions CBE program for adult students with graduation rates over double the US national average. Exploring this program's success, the article argues that CBE can advance equity, but doing so requires research‐based understanding of, institution‐wide respect for, and mission‐focused commitment to adult and other “nontraditional” learners.
A case of congestive heart failure caused by secondary hypocortisolism
Authors: Nagura Fukuko , Kodera Satoshi , Hayakawa Naoki , Kushida Syunichi , Kanda Junji
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

Congestive heart failure caused by secondary hypocortisolism is rare but clinically significant, because its appropriate treatment is effective. Severe hyponatremia with indefinite complaint resembling depression or persisting fever despite antibiotics may be important for establishing this diagnosis.
Weakly coupled multibeam reflector antenna using independent SRR for mutual coupling reduction
Authors: Yang Dae‐Geun , Kim Dang‐Oh , Jang Eun‐Seok , Kim Che‐Young
Published: March 2017

This article presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a weakly coupled multibeam reflector antenna. To overcome the problems caused by tight coupling, the multibeam reflector antenna used Split Ring Resonators (SRRs) and stubs. The proposed antenna consists of one monopole antenna and four SRRs on top of a dielectric substrate, with a feeding connector at the bottom. The proposed multibeam reflector antenna was designed with an independent architecture to operate at 2.45 GHz. The beam steering is determined based on the switching status of SRRs. This switching methodology allows us for high transmission‐speed operations than the conventional multi‐input multi‐output antennas. In addition, larger amounts of data can be transmitted because of the radiation sum. Also, the proposed antenna did not need an isolator. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed antenna exhibits beam‐steering and Mirror Image Pattern Pair capabilities successfully. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1006–1009, 2017
Dual polygonal slit square patch with defected ground plane for tri band operation
Authors: Rakesh Kumar P. , Satya Prasad K. , Guruva Reddy A.
Published: March 2017

A novel triple‐band square shaped microstrip planar antenna for IMAT2000&WiMAX operation is proposed and investigated. Single probe fed antenna consists of dual polygonal slits cut on top area of the radiating metallic layer and asymmetric dual H‐shaped defected ground structure etched on the bottom area of the metallic ground plane. This letter proposes a major challenge in generating three separate resonances to cover 2.16 GHz IMAT band 3.37 and 5.54 GHz WiMAX band while maintaining overall compact size of 35 × 35 × 3.175 mm3. Structure displays the impedance bandwidth of 3.25% (2.12–2.19 GHz), 2.06% (3.35–3.42 GHz), and 4.18% (5.40–5.63 GHz). Experimental results show that the antenna gives better radiation patterns and good antenna gains of 3.17, 5.0, and 2.2 dBi, respectively over the operating bands. Excellent agreement is obtained between measurements and simulations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1071–1074, 2017
A low‐cost compact antenna design on a paper substrate for near‐field passive UHFRFID tags
Authors: Sajal Sayeed , Braaten Benjamin D. , Marinov Val , Swenson Orv , Atanasov Yuriy
Published: March 2017

A significant cost in the widespread deployment of UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) systems has been the passive RFID tags. To address some of this expense, this paper presents an antenna design for UHF RFID tags that can be printed on inexpensive paper substrates and operate in the near field of the UHF reader. This antenna design is based on meander line miniaturization techniques and open complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR) elements to reduce the amount of conducting material required to manufacture the antenna by 30%. For demonstration purposes, a prototype near‐field UHF RFID tag was manufactured on a paper substrate and the read‐range was measured at 920 MHz. It was shown that useful read‐ranges could be achieved while reducing the overall cost and size of the antenna on the RFID tag. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1052–1056, 2017
A high data rate and high efficiency 60 GHz OOK demodulator in 90 NM CMOS
Authors: Byeon Chul Woo , Park Chul Soon
Published: March 2017

This article presents a 60 GHz on–off keying (OOK) demodulator for short‐range and high‐speed wireless communications. An OOK demodulator consists of a wideband detector and an efficient limiting amplifier. With a gain‐boosting technique, the detector has a voltage responsivity of 5,892 mV/mW and the demodulator has a measured conversion gain of 16 dB for an input power of −20 dBm at 5 Gb/s. With a fabricated test modulator module, the demodulator recovers 7 Gb/s data. With a power consumption of 19.2 mW, the demodulator exhibits an energy efficiency of 2.74 pJ/bit. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1081–1084, 2017
A low profile circularly polarized SIW end‐fire antenna incorporating orthogonally polarized elements
Authors: Cai Yang , Zhang Yingsong , Yang Liu , Qian Zuping
Published: March 2017

This article presents a wideband circularly polarized (CP) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) end‐fire antenna constructed by a single‐layer substrate. Since wave‐rotation in planar SIW structure in end‐fire direction owns its natural difficulty, a novel method by incorporating two orthogonally polarized end‐fire elements is proposed and analyzed. An SIW antipodal tapered slot antenna is employed as the horizontally polarized element while an open‐ended SIW radiator loaded with printed transition is adopted as the vertically polarized one. Therefore, the combined two elements fed by an SIW narrow‐wall 90° directional coupler satisfies the necessary requirement for radiating CP wave in end‐fire direction. Parameter‐study is carried out to evaluate effects of the antenna parameters towards the CP performance. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and experimental results indicate that a 12% 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth is obtained. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1111–1115, 2017
Novel design of microwave diplexers using gap waveguide technology
Authors: Farahani Hossein S. , Sadeghzadeh R.A. , Gharanfeli Naser , Kishk Ahmed A.
Published: March 2017

Novel design and implementation of microwave Diplexers utilizing groove gap waveguide resonators is presented. A high performance and cost effective Ku‐band Diplexer composed of fourth‐order TX and RX Chebyshev filters is designed, simulated, and fabricated. The simulation and measurement results show good agreement, which validate the design method. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1133–1136, 2017
A linear LTE‐advanced CMOS RF power amplifier with integrated phase linearizer
Authors: Jin Bo , Kim Younggwan , Woo Jung‐Lin , Park Sunghwan , Park Hongjong , Kwon Youngwoo
Published: March 2017

In this work, a linear CMOS RF power amplifier (RF PA) to support 40‐MHz BW long‐term evolution‐advanced (LTE‐A) application is developed. The AM–PM distortion of the CMOS RF PA is compensated by the proposed wideband phase linearizer, which generates asymmetric triangular current waveform to provide pre‐distorted current to the RF PA. The fabricated PA is tested with 40‐MHz BW LTE‐A signal at 0.837 GHz carrier frequency and showing 30.3% overall system power‐added efficiency (PAE) and −36.1 dBc carrier aggregation (CA) evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E‐UTRA) adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) at 24 dBm output power. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1119–1122, 2017
Neural modeling approach for trapping and thermal effects on AlGan/Gan HEMT
Authors: Elhamadi Taj‐Eddin , Boussouis Mohamed , Touhami Naima Amar , Lamsalli Mohammed
Published: March 2017

In this article, a neural Approach is proposed for modeling the trapping and the thermal effect on AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices. The modeling approach is based on thermal DC and Pulsed I/V measurements. The proposed approach is tested for an
AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The simulation results are compared to DC and Pulsed I/V measurements. Good results are obtained for the DC and the dynamic I/V characteristics from different static bias points and over a large temperature interval
to
). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1140–1142, 2017
Aperture‐coupling fed high isolation polarization diversity dual‐element MIMO antenna system for WLAN application
Authors: Li Haixiong , Zhang Gaigai , Xu Jiachen , Ding Jun , Guo Chenjiang
Published: March 2017

A novel compact aperture‐coupling fed, polarized diversity, high port isolation microstrip MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) antenna with two antenna elements is presented for WLAN application in this letter. The unique metal radiator is shared by the two antenna elements and the dimension of the proposed MIMO antenna is reduced by nearly a half. In addition, a square slot is etched in the shared radiator to shrink the antenna. The dual ports of the proposed antenna are arranged orthogonally to accept the polarized diversity gain and a corner cut, an extra strip in the metal radiator is also the effective structure to improve the ports isolation. The optimized port isolation (S12/S21) is reduced to −50.3 dB at the resonance frequency f0 = 5.74 GHz and the port isolation is lower than −27.3 dB at the desired band from 5.58 GHz to 5.88 GHz. The performance of proposed antenna is good enough for the application in MIMO wireless communication system. The proposed MIMO antenna has been fabricated for the experimental test and the measured results had a good agreement with the simulated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1178–1182, 2017