bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and Trends in Fecal Biomarkers of Gut Function in Children from 1–24 Months in the MAL-ED Study
Authors: McCormick Benjamin J. J. , Lee Gwenyth O. , Seidman Jessica C. , Haque Rashidul , Mondal Dinesh , Quetz Josiane , Lima Aldo A. M. , Babji Sudhir , Kang Gagandeep , Shrestha Sanjaya K. , Mason Carl J. , Qureshi Shahida , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Olortegui Maribel Paredes , Yori Pablo Peñataro , Samie Amidou , Bessong Pascal , Amour Caroline , Mduma Estomih , Patil Crystal L. , Guerrant Richard L. , Lang Dennis R. , Gottlieb Michael , Caulfield Laura E. , Kosek Margaret N.
Published: December 2016

Growth and development shortfalls that are disproportionately prevalent in children living in poor environmental conditions are postulated to result, at least in part, from abnormal gut function. Using data from The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) longitudinal cohort study, we examine biomarkers of gut inflammation and permeability in relation to environmental exposures and feeding practices. Trends in the concentrations of three biomarkers, myeloperoxidase (MPO), neopterin (NEO), and α-1-antitrypsin (AAT), are described from fecal samples collected during the first 2 years of each child's life. A total of 22,846 stool samples were processed during the longitudinal sampling of 2,076 children 0–24 months of age. Linear mixed models were constructed to examine the relationship between biomarker concentrations and recent food intake, symptoms of illness, concurrent enteropathogen infection, and socioeconomic status. Average concentrations of MPO, NEO, and AAT were considerably higher than published references for healthy adults. The concentration of each biomarker tended to decrease over the first 2 years of life and was highly variable between samples from each individual child. Both MPO and AAT were significantly elevated by recent breast milk intake. All three biomarkers were associated with pathogen presence, although the strength and direction varied by pathogen. The interpretation of biomarker concentrations is subject to the context of their collection. Herein, we identify that common factors (age, breast milk, and enteric infection) influence the concentration of these biomarkers. Within the context of low- and middle-income communities, we observe concentrations that indicate gut abnormalities, but more appropriate reference standards are needed.
Resistance to First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs in Washington State by Region of Birth and Implications for Latent Tuberculosis Treatment Among Foreign-Born Individuals
Authors: Furukawa Nathan W. , Haider Mahri Z. , Allen Sheanne J. , Carlson Sherry L. , Lindquist Scott W.
Published: December 2016

The United States has a low burden of drug resistance among tuberculosis (TB) cases compared with other world regions. TB is increasingly concentrated among foreign-born individuals who have higher rates of drug resistance than U.S.-born individuals. While universal drug susceptibility testing is the standard for detecting active tuberculosis, there are limited guidelines for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment based on risk factors for drug resistance. To quantify the variable risk of drug resistance among foreign-born individuals, all TB cases in Washington State between 1994 and 2014 with drug resistance data for isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol were divided into eight regions of birth. Logistic regression was used to characterize regional differences in resistance patterns. Genotypic cluster and lineage data were compared against drug resistance in a subanalysis. Among 4,298 cases, isoniazid resistance was more common in foreign-born individuals (12.6% versus 4.8%; P < 0.001), with the highest burden among individuals from the Asia-Pacific (14.8%) region. Rifampin resistance was slightly higher among foreign-born individuals (1.9% versus 1.1%; P = 0.063). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that older age was associated with a lower risk of resistance to isoniazid and rifampin (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86, P = 0.006 and OR = 0.64, P = 0.003 for each 20-year interval, respectively). These data suggest drug resistance in LTBI will remain a challenge and that rifampin-based regimens for treatment of LTBI in non–human immunodeficiency virus–infected adults may be preferable for individuals born in regions with high levels of isoniazid resistance. However, further research is needed to demonstrate whether LTBI treatment based on region of birth further decreases TB reactivation.
The need for municipal action planning against flood risk: the risk-informed journey of the municipality of Oliva (Spain)
Authors: Porta-Sancho Juan R. , Castillo-Rodríguez Jesica T. , Escuder-Bueno Ignacio , Perales-Momparler Sara
Published: December 2016

Society demands higher safety levels, including those actions related to urban planning and protection against natural hazards and manmade threats. Therefore, authorities respond to these demands through new regulatory and operational frameworks to cope with existing and future risks. The Spanish regulatory framework regarding flood risk management, based on the European context, defines the required procedures for emergency management, involving all authorities responsable for civil protection and urban planning. This framework requires all municipalities at medium or high flood risk to develop and implement local action plans against flood risk (PAMRI, by its acronym in Spanish), which must include a risk estimation, analysis and evaluation, along with the description of actions for a risk-informed urban planning and emergency management. The City Council of Oliva developed the corresponding plan, approved by the regional government in June 2016, including new aspects such as the figure of the Technical Director, and a comprehensive and quantitative flood risk analysis to support decisionmaking on emergency management and planning.
Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Interventions for Lower-Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dorsey Julie , Bradshaw Michelle
Published: December 2016

Lower-extremity (LE) musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) can have a major impact on the ability to carry out daily activities. The effectiveness of interventions must be examined to enable occupational therapy practitioners to deliver the most appropriate services. This systematic review examined the literature published between 1995 and July 2014 that investigated the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for LE MSDs. Forty-three articles met the criteria and were reviewed. Occupational therapy interventions varied on the basis of population subgroup: hip fracture, LE joint replacement, LE amputation or limb loss, and nonsurgical osteoarthritis and pain. The results indicate an overall strong role for occupational therapy in treating clients with LE MSDs. Activity pacing is an effective intervention for nonsurgical LE MSDs, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation is effective for LE joint replacement and amputation. Further research on specific occupational therapy interventions in this important area is needed.
O processo de gestão de estoques no setor de transporte público: um estudo de caso
Authors: Cunha Maria Helena Bastos , Leite Cesar Eduardo , Souza Michelle Ribeiro de
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar e destacar a gestão de estoques do setor público, especificamente da área de transporte coletivo na região do Distrito Federal, cujo referencial aborda métodos e ferramentas que influenciam positivamente no processo de gestão de estoques, no intuito de propiciar um conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre o assunto em foco. A metodologia utilizada é de abordagem qualitativa e de classe descritiva, com pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e relatos sobre um célere estudo de caso referente a uma empresa de transporte público urbano, localizada em Brasília-DF. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi o de uma entrevista direta direcionada ao diretor responsável pelo setor de estoques. Quanto aos resultados alcançados, verificou-se que o sistema de gestão de estoques utilizado, tanto em estudos comparativos publicados recentemente quanto na empresa pesquisada, se encontra em fase de aprimoramento, o que valoriza ainda mais a utilidade e relevância da pesquisa em questão.
Uncertainties in global crop model frameworks: effects of cultivar distribution, crop management and soil handling on crop yield estimates
Authors: Folberth Christian , Elliott Joshua , Müller Christoph , Balkovic Juraj , Chryssanthacopoulos James , Izaurralde Roberto C. , Jones Curtis D. , Khabarov Nikolay , Liu Wenfeng , Reddy Ashwan , Schmid Erwin , Skalský Rastislav , Yang Hong , Arneth Almut , Ciais Philippe , Deryng Delphine , Lawrence Peter J. , Olin Stefan , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Ruane Alex C. , Wang Xuhui
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Global gridded crop models (GGCMs) combine field-scale agronomic models or sets of plant growth algorithms with gridded spatial input data to estimate spatially explicit crop yields and agricultural externalities at the global scale. Differences in GGCM outputs arise from the use of different bio-physical models, setups, and input data. While algorithms have been in the focus of recent GGCM comparisons, this study investigates differences in maize and wheat yield estimates from five GGCMs based on the public domain field-scale model Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) that participate in the AgMIP Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) project. Albeit using the same crop model, the GGCMs differ in model version, input data, management assumptions, parameterization, geographic distribution of cultivars, and selection of subroutines e.g. for the estimation of potential evapotranspiration or soil erosion. The analyses reveal long-term trends and inter-annual yield variability in the EPIC-based GGCMs to be highly sensitive to soil parameterization and crop management. Absolute yield levels as well depend not only on nutrient supply but also on the parameterization and distribution of crop cultivars. All GGCMs show an intermediate performance in reproducing reported absolute yield levels or inter-annual dynamics. Our findings suggest that studies focusing on the evaluation of differences in bio-physical routines may require further harmonization of input data and management assumptions in order to eliminate background noise resulting from differences in model setups. For agricultural impact assessments, employing a GGCM ensemble with its widely varying assumptions in setups appears the best solution for bracketing such uncertainties as long as comprehensive global datasets taking into account regional differences in crop management, cultivar distributions and coefficients for parameterizing agro-environmental processes are lacking. Finally, we recommend improvements in the documentation of setups and input data of GGCMs in order to allow for sound interpretability, comparability and reproducibility of published results.
Lymphocryptovirus-dependent occurrence of lymphoma in SIV-infected rhesus macaques with particular consideration to two uncommon cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Klippert Antonina , Bleyer Martina , Sauermann Ulrike , Neumann Berit , Kaul Artur , Daskalaki Maria , Stolte-Leeb Nicole , Kirchhoff Frank , Stahl-Hennig Christiane
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Despite combination antiretroviral therapy, high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is still one of the most frequently acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining disorders in the end stage of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). NHL can also be observed in rhesus macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Thus, they represent a useful model to study morphological characteristics and oncogenetic mechanisms of NHL in humans.When reviewing the occurrence of lymphoma at the German Primate Center over the past 25 years within the context of pathogenic SIV infection we noticed a strikingly high incidence (four out of seven animals) of these tumors in rhesus macaques infected with ex vivo derived SIVmac251/32H/spleen in AIDS-defining end-stage disease. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of this virus stock revealed the co-presence of rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rhLCV), which represents the monkey homologue to human Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), suggesting an association between co-application of SIV and rhLCV and increased tumorigenesis.In addition, we present two cases of NHL in rhesus macaques infected with a SIVmac239 nef-mutant variant because one exhibited an unusual immunophenotype and the other an uncommon organ manifestation. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of tumors of the first animal revealed metastatic diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) affecting the stomach and the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes, of which the one in the stomach presented the rare dual expression of CD20 and CD3. Necropsy of the second animal revealed an obstructive DLBCL around the urinary bladder neck that led to urine backflow and eventually death due to acute uremia without any further AIDS-like manifestations. In the tumors of both animals, abundant Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen-2 expression was demonstrated, thus verifying concurrent rhLCV infection. Flow cytometric analyses revealed a high percentage of activation as well as proliferation in B cells from peripheral lymph nodes in both animals. Moreover, CD4+ T cells were depleted in blood, colon and lymphoid tissue. Concomitantly, CD8+ T cells showed an exhausted phenotype. The two case reports and the increased incidence of NHL following co-application of SIV and rhLCV underline the role of rhLCV in lymphomagenesis.
Updating BEM models with 3D rotor CFD data
Authors: Schneider Marc S. , Nitzsche Jens , Hennings Holger
Published: December 2016

Abstract. In order to improve the prediction of aerodynamic forces on a wind turbine rotor by the blade element momentum method (BEM), airfoil coefficients are extracted from steady-state 3D RANS simulations of a rotor and then applied for steady-state simulations in a BEM code. The extraction is accomplished by using either averaging of velocities in annular sections, or an inverse BEM approach for determination of the local induction factors in the rotor plane. In this way, 3D rotor polars are obtained which are able to capture the rotational augmentation at the inner part of the blade as well as the load reduction by 3D effects close to the blade tip. When using these 3D rotor polars, the radial force distribution from BEM is very close to the RANS result for a variety of load cases, whereas the deviation is often large with 2D airfoil coefficients. However, it is important that the polar extraction is completely consistent the the BEM code in which the polars are supposed to be used. The 3D rotor polars are shown to depend on the blade pitch angle. In addition, the accuracy of the slope of the 3D rotor polars and their feasibility for application in unsteady simulations is assessed by a quasi-steady comparison. This work is an updated and expanded version of a contribution to "The Science of Making Torque from Wind" (TORQUE) 2016 in Munich.
The Development of Statewide Policies and Procedures to Implement Telehealth for Part C Service Delivery
Authors: Cole Beth , Stredler-Brown Arlene , Cohill Becki , Blaiser Kristina , Behl Diane , Ringwalt Sharon
Published: December 2016

The use of telehealth has been discussed nationally as an option to address provider shortages for children, birth through two, enrolled in Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Early Intervention (EI) programs. Telehealth is an evidence-based service delivery model which can be used to remove barriers in providing EI services to children and their families. In 2016, Colorado’s Part C Early Intervention (EI) program began allowing the use of telehealth as an option for providers to conduct sessions with children and their caregivers. This article outlines the process taken to develop the necessary requirements and supports for telehealth to be incorporated into EI current practice.
Accessible Table of Contents
Authors: Cohn Ellen R.
Published: December 2016

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DIMENSÕES EDUCATIVAS NÃO FORMAIS E INFORMAIS DAS PRÁTICAS CULTURAIS JUVENIS NA CIDADE
Authors: Groppo Luis Antonio , Felipe Correia dos Santos Goussain Enzo Michel
Published: December 2016

O artigo sistematiza dados colhidos em pesquisa de campo – com observações e entrevistas - a respeito de práticas culturais de jovens das camadas populares em dois projetos socioeducativos e três grupos informais, em um município do Sul de Minas Gerais. Trata da dimensão educativa destas práticas, em especial dos seus objetivos e metodologias, com base nas noções de educação não formal e educação informal. Constata-se a riqueza das práticas culturais juvenis, a diversidade de referências e a força das culturas negras, com o Hip hop e as artes afro-brasileiras. Também, a combinação entre estratégias mais ou menos formais de educação e a criação de circuitos entre projetos socioeducativos e coletivos juvenis.
JOVENS MULHERES DE PERIFERIA E O FUNK OSTENTAÇÃO
Authors: Saraiva Karla , Vargas Juliana
Published: December 2016

O artigo visa analisar relações estabelecidas entre jovens alunas de uma escola da periferia do município de Porto Alegre (RS) e o estilo musical funk ostentação. Mais especificamente, busca-se problematizar a construção de ideais de relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais e de relações de gênero, pelas jovens, em articulação com tais músicas. Primeiramente, analisam-se as cinco músicas de maior evidência entre as jovens e, posteriormente, problematizam-se os dados produzidos em grupos de discussão. Dentre os resultados, destacamos a acolhida das jovens para os enunciados que destacam os homens como promotores financeiros dos sonhos de consumo femininos e seus anseios por relacionamentos de maior durabilidade, contrariando a representação de sucessivos relacionamentos breves apresentados nas suas músicas preferidas.
PERFORMANCE E EDUCAÇÃO: UMA REFLEXÃO DE PROFESSORES KRAHÔ SOBRE A INCORPORAÇÃO DE RITOS E CANTOS NA PRÁTICA DA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INDÍGENA
Authors: Soares Pechincha Mônica Thereza
Published: December 2016

Este artigo pontua a reflexão de professores krahôsobre a incorporação de rituais e cantos, ações axiais em sua cultura, nas suas escolas de educação básica e na construção própria de projetos pedagógicos. Apresenta, sucintamente, aspectos estilísticos e cosmológicos de sua performance e sua conexão com o que chamamos de “natureza” e “sobrenatureza”. Resulta de observações e reflexões conjuntas com professores krahô no contexto de sua formação no curso de Educação Intercultural na Universidade Federal de Goiás.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance: Karachi Stock Exchange, Pakistan
Authors: Awan Aon Waqas , Jamali Javed Ahmed
Published: December 2016

The aim of the research is to understand the impact of corporate governance on financial performance of listed companies on Karachi Stock Exchange Pakistan. Data was collected from forty two companies from different sectors like, insurance, banking, investment banking, and sugar industries. Study includes variables like profit margin & return on equity as a dependent (profitability) and board size, audit committee, annual general meetings & chief executive office (corporate governance). Using Pooled OLS, the result of the study proved those board size and audit committees have positive relationship with Profit margin and Return on Equity, if any independent variable changes it also stimulus the positively changing impact on Return on Equity (ROE) and Audit Committee (AC). This research offers imminent guidelines to the policy and decision makers in any type of firms to take good decision to set their firms hierarchy system.
Suspensão de cirurgias em um hospital universitário
Authors: Carvalho Thialla Andrade , Sobral Cinthia Barreto , Marinho Pabliane Matias Lordelo , Ofélia Llapa-Rodriguez Eliana Ofélia , Campos Maria Pontes de Aguiar
Published: December 2016

Objetivos: Analisar a incidência de suspensão de cirurgias, categorizar os cancelamentos cirúrgicos por especialidades médicas e identificar assuas principais causas. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital de ensino do nordeste brasileiro. A populaçãofoi constituída por 1.600 cirurgias eletivas programadas no período de janeiro a setembro de 2013. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de estatísticadescritiva. Resultados: A taxa global de cancelamento de procedimento cirúrgico foi de 19,5%. As maiores frequências de suspensão ocorreram nascirurgias pediátricas, oncológicas e gerais. Foram identificadas 23 causas para o cancelamento de cirurgias na instituição, dentre elas destacaram-se oabsenteísmo do paciente e as condições institucionais, representadas principalmente por problemas com recursos materiais, humanos e organização doserviço. Conclusão: A taxa de cancelamento de cirurgia remete à necessidade de reduzi-la; para tal, faz-se mister o monitoramento contínuo desse indicadore a implementação de estratégias para sua redução
APLICABILIDADE DO CHECKLIST DE CIRURGIA SEGURA EM CENTROS CIRÚRGICOS HOSPITALARES
Authors: Souza Rayanne Morais de , Araújo Maria Gabriella Silva , Veríssimo Regina Célia Sales Santos , Comassetto Isabel , Ferreira Fabiana Andrea Soares , Bernardo Thaís Honório Lins
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Identificar a aplicabilidade do checklist de cirurgia segura em centros cirúrgicos hospitalares. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, realizadaem nível nacional, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, via correio eletrônico, com enfermeiros associadosà SOBECC e que atuam em Centro Cirúrgico. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste do χ2. Resultados: Todos os participantes (100%) conhecemo checklist. Dos 113 participantes da pesquisa que o aplicam, 89 (78,76%) observaram mudanças na comunicação interpessoal da equipe cirúrgica e94 (83,18%) afirmaram que após a aplicação do checklist houve melhorias na atuação profissional na área assistencial. As principais facilidades para a aplicaçãodo checklist foram o preenchimento rápido e fácil e a organização do serviço. A falta de participação da equipe foi a principal dificuldade referidapelos sujeitos da pesquisa. Conclusão: A aplicação do checklist de cirurgia segura contribui para a qualidade da assistência prestada ao paciente cirúrgico.Palavras-chave: Centro cirúrgico hospitalar. Lista de checagem. Segurança do paciente.
Panorama internacional do reprocessamento de produtos médicos de uso único
Authors: Costa Eliana Auxiliadora M.
Published: December 2016

Introdução: O reuso de produtos de uso único é uma realidade mundial e implica em grandes problemas. Objetivo: Analisar o sistema regulatóriode reprocessamento de produtos médicos de uso único a nível internacional, incluindo o brasileiro. Método: Revisão narrativa da literatura, utilizandobases de dados com descritores específicos. Resultado: Internacionalmente, as políticas de reuso de produtos médicos de uso único tendem a prevenção dedanos. As regulamentações variam desde protocolos bem estruturados, como o norte‑americano, o australiano e o alemão, à ausência de normatização anível nacional, como identificado em países desenvolvidos como Canadá, Japão e alguns países da União Europeia. Conclusão: Os controles regulatóriosexistentes apresentam lacunas que dificultam sua implementação tanto para os serviços de saúde quanto para os fabricantes. Uma metodologia alternativaseria a de um sistema regulatório de produtos de uso único centrado no controle dos processos em lugar dos atuais focados no controle do produto.Palavras‑chave: Segurança do paciente. Reutilização de equipamento. Política de saúde.
Avaliação de tecnologias no Centro Cirúrgico, Recuperação Pós-anestésica e Centro de Material e Esterilização
Authors: Psaltikidis Eliane Molina
Published: December 2016

Introdução: As tecnologias em saúde são essenciais no centro cirúrgico (CC), na recuperação pós-anestésica (RPA) e no centro de material e esterilização(CME). Por isso, há grande pressão para sua incorporação tecnológica, o que demanda alto investimento e elevados custos operacionais. Objetivos:Refletir sobre os conceitos e princípios da avaliação de tecnologias em saúde (ATS) e discutir exemplos de sua aplicação no contexto do CC, da RPA e do CME.Resultados: A metodologia de ATS permite análise dos impactos clínicos, sociais e econômicos da incorporação de tecnologias, buscando melhorar a qualidadede atendimento e a saúde da população. O Ministério da Saúde tem patrocinado diversas iniciativas para difusão dos princípios de ATS que visam subsidiar osgestores para a tomada de decisão em incorporação tecnológica, tanto no âmbito do sistema de saúde quanto nas instituições hospitalares. Conclusão: A equipede enfermagem deve, na tomada de decisões, apropriar-se da metodologia de ATS para análise crítica do real benefício das tecnologias do bloco operatório.Palavras-chave: Avaliação da tecnologia biomédica. Centros cirúrgicos. Esterilização. Período de recuperação da anestesia.
EFEITO DO EXCESSO DE PESO DOS VEÍCULOS COMERCIAIS DE CARGA A PARTIR DE UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICO-MECANÍSTICA
Authors: Réus Thaís Ferrari , Prado da Silva Júnior Carlos Alberto , Fontenele Heliana Barbosa
Published: December 2016

Atualmente observa-se uma tendência da substituição dos métodos empíricos de dimensionamento de pavimentos flexíveis pelos empíricos mecanicistas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a adequação das cargas de tráfego às regulamentações referentes ao limite de peso, bem como a quantificação do efeito danoso proveniente de tal carregamento. Para tanto foram realizadas simulações no programa ELSYM5 para a determinação das deformações estruturais do pavimento e posterior cálculo do Fator de Equivalência de Carga (FEC) empírico-mecanístico. Foram utilizados dados de pesagem obtidos no ano de 2009 nos postos de pesagem localizados nas rodovias BR-153 e BR-369, bem como as cargas máximas permitidas por eixo, sem considerar a tolerância. Por fim, a partir da comparação dos FEC com os FECmáximo foi possível quantificar o efeito danoso proveniente do carregamento em termos de equivalência ao do eixo padrão de 8,2 t e perceber o quanto o excesso de peso afeta o desempenho final do pavimento.
Metamemória no envelhecimento e os impactos promovidos pela Oficina de Memória
Authors: Ploner Katia Simone , Gomes Marluci Camila , Santos Sunamita Tábita dos
Published: December 2016

Em pessoas idosas, as queixas em relação ao declínio da memória são comuns. Nessa perspectiva, foi criado o projeto denominado Oficina de Memória. O presente estudo tem por objetivo geral analisar a metamemória no envelhecimento dos participantes e os impactos promovidos pela referida oficina. Os objetivos específicos são identificar os motivos pelos quais os idosos buscaram o curso, verificar se ocorreram mudanças na metamemória após participarem da oficina e se houve impacto na qualidade de vida dos sujeitos. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas oito pessoas que participaram, em 2014, da Oficina de Memória do Serviço Social do Comércio (Sesc) de Itajaí, Santa Catarina. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo, por meio da técnica de análise temático-categorial. O material textual deu origem a quatro categorias: percepções sobre a memória, motivos para participar da Oficina de Memória, impacto da oficina na metamemória e na qualidade de vida. Constatou-se que os participantes consideram que sua memória é parte importante da constituição de sua identidade e elemento organizador da vida no cotidiano. Apesar de a maioria dos entrevistados perceber seu bom funcionamento mnemônico, eles relataram identificar também, com o passar dos anos, transformações na memória. Os resultados apontaram que a participação na oficina contribuiu para a otimização dessa função e para a socialização, impactando de forma positiva na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos.
Cultural Factors in Tourism Interpretation of Leshan Giant Buddha
Authors: Wenwen Xiao
Published: December 2016

Different cultural aspects are always involved in tourism interpretation, and the process of tourism interpretation is also cross-cultural communication. If the cultural factors can be interpreted for the foreign visitors in a better way, it’s beneficial to convey the cultural connotation of the scenic spot and it can be the communication more effective. There are many scenic spots in China, to show the beautiful scenery and traditional Chinese culture to the world. Leshan Giant Buddha is one of national 5A tourist attractions in Leshan, Sichuan Province, China, and there are a lot of tourists coming here every year, especially foreign tourists. Therefore, its tourism interpretation shall be better and better. The tourism interpretation of Leshan Giant Buddha concerns many cultural factors. Based on Skopostheorie, this paper discusses how to deal with the cultural factors in guide interpretation of Leshan Grand Buddha from the following three aspects: names of scenic spots, four-character phrases and classical Chinese poetry.
Anatomical and morphological features of seedlings of some Cactoideae Eaton (Cactaceae Juss.) species
Authors: Kalashnyk Halyna , Nuzhyna Nataliia , Gaidarzhy Maryna
Published: December 2016

Three-month-old seedlings of 11 species of the subfamily Cactoideae (Melocactus bahiensis, Melocactus curvispinus, Echinopsis eyriesii, E. mirablis, E. peruviana, Oreocereus celsianus, Rebutia flavistyla, Rebutia minuscula, Astrophytum myriostigma, Mamillaria columbiana, and M. prolifera) have been studied. These plants exhibit a uniseriate epidermis, covered by a thin cuticle. Except for E. peruviana and A. myriostigma, no hypodermis could be detected. The shoots of all studied specimens consist mainly of cortex parenchyma with large thin-walled cells. The pith parenchyma is composed of much smaller cells. Due to the fact that the cortex parenchyma comprises the largest portion of the cross-sectional area, it can be concluded that it is the main water-storing tissue. The extent of vascular tissue development varies. Collateral vascular bundles are present in the stele. The studied seedlings contain various ergastic substances, in particular inclusions of calcium oxalate (all studied species), starch (Mammillaria prolifera, E. mirabilis, and the genus Melocactus), inulin-like inclusions, and occasionally lipid drops (some Echinopsis species).

Thus, it was found that all studied plants have a highly specialized anatomical and morphological structure. At the same time, the epidermis and hypodermis are poorly developed. Accordingly, the adaptation to arid conditions of the examined seedlings involves an increased growth of the water-storing tissue and the production of ergastic substances.
The First World War and the Polarization of the Russian Right, July 1914–February 1917
Authors: Loukianov Mikhail
Published: December 2016

On the eve of the World War I, members of the Russian right deeply differed in their visions of the status quo and the means of its proper reconstruction. The war further differentiated the Right. The rightists, regardless of the ideological nuances, perceived the war as a chance for political revival. The outburst of patriotism in July and August 1914 became the most serious argument in favor of political reform. Their opponents, on the contrary, saw in it a chance to get rid of democratic institutions and practices. While the more moderate rightists leaned towards consensus, with liberals looking at political dialogue as the most effective instrument for securing social stability, the extreme ones concluded that strict control from above was a more adequate instrument for achieving this goal. All this aggravated the pre-war conflicts within the Right and led to its disintegration on the eve of the Revolution of 1917.
Evolução recente das planícies de marés nas desembocaduras dos rios Sergipe e Vaza Barris, Sergipe
Authors: Melo e Souza Rosemeri , Santos Geisedrielly Castro dos
Published: December 2016

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a evolução das planícies de marés nas desembocaduras dos rios Sergipe e Vaza Barris no estado de Sergipe. Os principais procedimentos metodológicos foram: processamento das imagens de satélite e fotografias aéreas; vetorização das classes temáticas e da linha de costa; quantificação e sobreposição das linhas de costas mapeadas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que em ambas as desembocaduras a formação da planície de maré foi recente. Verificou-se redução da feição geomorfológica nas duas desembocaduras, contudo com processos diferenciados. Na desembocadura do rio Sergipe a redução da planície de maré foi promovida pelas ações antrópicas de urbanização da Coroa do Meio em Aracaju/SE, e na desembocadura do rio Vaza Barris, em  Itaporanga D’Ájuda, o fator condicionante foi o recuo de linha de costa. A realização desta pesquisa auxilia no monitoramento das respostas dos ambientes costeiros a mudanças costeiras em escalas local e global.
Os Valores da Geodiversidade de Acordo com os Serviços Ecossistêmicos Sensu Murray Gray Aplicados a Estudos In Situ na Cidade do Natal (RN)
Authors: Silva Matheus Lisboa Nobre da , Nascimento Marcos Antonio Leite do
Published: December 2016

A geodiversidade do planeta é compreendida por todos os recursos abióticos que compõem a natureza: solos, minerais, rochas, rios, lagoas, paisagens e fenômenos naturais como o intemperismo e magmatismo. A partir disto, pesquisadores têm focado seus estudos, sob esta nova óptica das geociências, desde a década de 1990, se aproveitando também da multidisciplinaridade permitida pela geodiversidade e divulgando os conteúdos geológicos pela sociedade. Em Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, a geodiversidade está presente nas belas paisagens, compostas por praias, dunas, falésias, rios, mangues e lagoas. Ao longo de toda a história da cidade, que perpassa mais de 400 anos, a geodiversidade mostra-se sempre presente, desde os primórdios da cartografia local, que remonta ao período de ocupação holandesa, em que o ambiente natural fora retratado fidedignamente. Os estudos desenvolvidos neste trabalho abordam a geodiversidade da cidade do Natal que ocorre de forma natural, in situ, na região da cidade. São feitas descrições dos valores da geodiversidade, de acordo com os serviços ecossistêmicos, como definidos por Murray Gray.
Por uma nova Geografia Física: razão-ação-emoção
Authors: Nunes Fábio Carvalho
Published: December 2016

O ensino da Geografia Física ainda se baseia na transmissibilidade e no conteudismo, valorizando, em especial, as competências lógico-matemáticas e linguísticas, a despeito das grandes transformações socioespaciais da contemporaneidade que exigem um processo de ensino-aprendizagem interativo, contextualizado e que valorize as múltiplas inteligências. Devido à importância dessas questões, o artigo discute aspectos relacionados à natureza do ensino da Geografia Física e as possibilidades de uma nova práxis, utilizando exemplos desenvolvidos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa “Ciência, Sociedade e Natureza”, do Instituto Federal Baiano, e refletindo sobre as possibilidades dos professores nordestinos darem um contributo significativo para transformação da Geografia, através de seu modo de ver, sentir e agir para a compreensão do lugar
Prostaglandin signaling regulates nephron segment patterning of renal progenitors during zebrafish kidney development
Authors: Poureetezadi Shahram Jevin , Cheng Christina N , Chambers Joseph M , Drummond Bridgette E , Wingert Rebecca A
Published: December 2016

Kidney formation involves patterning events that induce renal progenitors to form nephrons with an intricate composition of multiple segments. Here, we performed a chemical genetic screen using zebrafish and discovered that prostaglandins, lipid mediators involved in many physiological functions, influenced pronephros segmentation. Modulating levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or PGB2 restricted distal segment formation and expanded a proximal segment lineage. Perturbation of prostaglandin synthesis by manipulating Cox1 or Cox2 activity altered distal segment formation and was rescued by exogenous PGE2. Disruption of the PGE2 receptors Ptger2a and Ptger4a similarly affected the distal segments. Further, changes in Cox activity or PGE2 levels affected expression of the transcription factors irx3b and sim1a that mitigate pronephros segment patterning. These findings show for the first time that PGE2 is a regulator of nephron formation in the zebrafish embryonic kidney, thus revealing that prostaglandin signaling may have implications for renal birth defects and other diseases.
Neurodegenerative disease mutations in TREM2 reveal a functional surface and distinct loss-of-function mechanisms
Authors: Kober Daniel L , Alexander-Brett Jennifer M , Karch Celeste M , Cruchaga Carlos , Colonna Marco , Holtzman Michael J , Brett Thomas J
Published: December 2016

Genetic variations in the myeloid immune receptor TREM2 are linked to several neurodegenerative diseases. To determine how TREM2 variants contribute to these diseases, we performed structural and functional studies of wild-type and variant proteins. Our 3.1 Å TREM2 crystal structure revealed that mutations found in Nasu-Hakola disease are buried whereas Alzheimer’s disease risk variants are found on the surface, suggesting that these mutations have distinct effects on TREM2 function. Biophysical and cellular methods indicate that Nasu-Hakola mutations impact protein stability and decrease folded TREM2 surface expression, whereas Alzheimer’s risk variants impact binding to a TREM2 ligand. Additionally, the Alzheimer’s risk variants appear to epitope map a functional surface on TREM2 that is unique within the larger TREM family. These findings provide a guide to structural and functional differences among genetic variants of TREM2, indicating that therapies targeting the TREM2 pathway should be tailored to these genetic and functional differences with patient-specific medicine approaches for neurodegenerative disorders.
Transcriptional signatures of somatic neoblasts and germline cells in Macrostomum lignano
Authors: Grudniewska Magda , Mouton Stijn , Simanov Daniil , Beltman Frank , Grelling Margriet , de Mulder Katrien , Arindrarto Wibowo , Weissert Philipp M. , van der Elst Stefan , Berezikov Eugene
Published: December 2016

The regeneration-capable flatworm Macrostomum lignano is a powerful model organism to study the biology of stem cells in vivo. As a flatworm amenable to transgenesis, it complements the historically used planarian flatworm models, such as Schmidtea mediterranea. However, information on the transcriptome and markers of stem cells in M. lignano is limited. We generated a de novo transcriptome assembly and performed the first comprehensive characterization of gene expression in the proliferating cells of M. lignano, represented by somatic stem cells, called neoblasts, and germline cells. Knockdown of a selected set of neoblast genes, including Mlig-ddx39, Mlig-rrm1, Mlig-rpa3, Mlig-cdk1, and Mlig-h2a, confirmed their crucial role for the functionality of somatic neoblasts during homeostasis and regeneration. The generated M. lignano transcriptome assembly and gene expression signatures of somatic neoblasts and germline cells will be a valuable resource for future molecular studies in M. lignano.
Carbon recovery dynamics following disturbance by selective logging in Amazonian forests
Authors: Piponiot Camille , Sist Plinio , Mazzei Lucas , Peña-Claros Marielos , Putz Francis E , Rutishauser Ervan , Shenkin Alexander , Ascarrunz Nataly , de Azevedo Celso P , Baraloto Christopher , França Mabiane , Guedes Marcelino , Honorio Coronado Eurídice N , d'Oliveira Marcus VN , Ruschel Ademir R , da Silva Kátia E , Doff Sotta Eleneide , de Souza Cintia R , Vidal Edson , West Thales AP , Hérault Bruno
Published: December 2016

When 2 Mha of Amazonian forests are disturbed by selective logging each year, more than 90 Tg of carbon (C) is emitted to the atmosphere. Emissions are then counterbalanced by forest regrowth. With an original modelling approach, calibrated on a network of 133 permanent forest plots (175 ha total) across Amazonia, we link regional differences in climate, soil and initial biomass with survivors’ and recruits’ C fluxes to provide Amazon-wide predictions of post-logging C recovery. We show that net aboveground C recovery over 10 years is higher in the Guiana Shield and in the west (21 ±3 Mg C ha-1) than in the south (12 ±3 Mg C ha-1) where environmental stress is high (low rainfall, high seasonality). We highlight the key role of survivors in the forest regrowth and elaborate a comprehensive map of post-disturbance C recovery potential in Amazonia.
Comparative genetic screens in human cells reveal new regulatory mechanisms in WNT signaling
Authors: Lebensohn Andres M , Dubey Ramin , Neitzel Leif R , Tacchelly-Benites Ofelia , Yang Eungi , Marceau Caleb D , Davis Eric M , Patel Bhaven B , Bahrami-Nejad Zahra , Travaglini Kyle J , Ahmed Yashi , Lee Ethan , Carette Jan E , Rohatgi Rajat
Published: December 2016

The comprehensive understanding of cellular signaling pathways remains a challenge due to multiple layers of regulation that may become evident only when the pathway is probed at different levels or critical nodes are eliminated. To discover regulatory mechanisms in canonical WNT signaling, we conducted a systematic forward genetic analysis through reporter-based screens in haploid human cells. Comparison of screens for negative, attenuating and positive regulators of WNT signaling, mediators of R-spondin-dependent signaling and suppressors of constitutive signaling induced by loss of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli or casein kinase 1α uncovered new regulatory features at most levels of the pathway. These include a requirement for the transcription factor AP-4, a role for the DAX domain of AXIN2 in controlling β-catenin transcriptional activity, a contribution of glycophosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis and glypicans to R-spondin-potentiated WNT signaling, and two different mechanisms that regulate signaling when distinct components of the β-catenin destruction complex are lost. The conceptual and methodological framework we describe should enable the comprehensive understanding of other signaling systems.
Early dysfunction and progressive degeneration of the subthalamic nucleus in mouse models of Huntington's disease
Authors: Atherton Jeremy F , McIver Eileen L , Mullen Matthew RM , Wokosin David L , Surmeier D James , Bevan Mark D
Published: December 2016

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an element of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuitry critical for action suppression. In Huntington's disease (HD) action suppression is impaired, resembling the effects of STN lesioning or inactivation. To explore this potential linkage, the STN was studied in BAC transgenic and Q175 knock-in mouse models of HD. At <2 and 6 months of age autonomous STN activity was impaired due to activation of KATP channels. STN neurons exhibited prolonged NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents, caused by a deficit in glutamate uptake, and elevated mitochondrial oxidant stress, which was ameliorated by NMDA receptor antagonism. STN activity was rescued by NMDA receptor antagonism or the break down of hydrogen peroxide. At 12 months of age approximately 30% of STN neurons had been lost, as in HD. Together, these data argue that dysfunction within the STN is an early feature of HD that may contribute to its expression and course.
Sam68/KHDRBS1-dependent NF-κB activation confers radioprotection to the colon epithelium in γ-irradiated mice
Authors: Fu Kai , Sun Xin , Wier Eric M , Hodgson Andrea , Hobbs Ryan P , Wan Fengyi
Published: December 2016

Previously we reported that Src-associated-substrate-during-mitosis-of-68kDa (Sam68/KHDRBS1) is pivotal for DNA damage-stimulated NF-κB transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes (Fu et al., 2016). Here we show that Sam68 is critical for genotoxic stress-induced NF-κB activation in the γ-irradiated colon and animal and that Sam68-dependent NF-κB activation provides radioprotection to colon epithelium in vivo. Sam68 deletion diminishes γ-irradiation-triggered PAR synthesis and NF-κB activation in colon epithelial cells (CECs), thus hampering the expression of anti-apoptotic molecules in situ and facilitating CECs to undergo apoptosis in mice post whole-body γ-irradiation (WBIR). Sam68 knockout mice suffer more severe damage in the colon and succumb more rapidly from acute radiotoxicity than the control mice following WBIR. Our results underscore the critical role of Sam68 in orchestrating genotoxic stress-initiated NF-κB activation signaling in the colon tissue and whole animal and reveal the pathophysiological relevance of Sam68-dependent NF-κB activation in colonic cell survival and recovery from extrinsic DNA damage.
The mother of all actins?
Authors: Merino Felipe , Raunser Stefan
Published: December 2016

New insights into the structure of filaments made of crenactin, a homolog of actin found in archaea, shed light on how the cytoskeleton might have evolved.
TP-ellipsis with a polarity particle in multiple-complementizer contexts in Spanish: on topical remnants and focal licensors
Authors: Villa-García Julio
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates TP-ellipsis in Spanish in the context of multiple-complementizer clauses (i.e., … que XP que ellipsis licensor ellipsis site). The paper argues for a standard ΣP-account of TP ellipsis, with the polarity/focal item (e.g., también/tampoco/sí/no) crucially involved in the licensing of ellipsis. It is argued that the XP-que sequence is hosted in TopicP. The XP is a contrastive topic functioning as the remnant of TP-ellipsis and que is an instance of recomplementation que –a topic marker. The ellipsis licensor, for its part, sits in a CP-related projection that follows TopicP. Given the parallelism drawn here between the items that can partake in the licensing of TP-ellipsis and run-of-the-mill focused phrases, the paper puts forth the claim that ΣP and FocusP should be conflated. Similarly, I explore the relationship established between TopicP (the remnant) and ΣP/FocusP (the ellipsis licensor) in the process of TP ellipsis as well as offer an account of the inability of jussive/optative que to survive ellipsis, unlike recomplementation que.
Information structure and its syntactic manifestation in Spanish: facts and proposals
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: December 2016

This article presents the main facts about how information structure is syntactically codified in Spanish, with particular attention to the syntax of topics and foci. These facts will be used to assess whether cartographic and minimalist approaches can, in their pure version, account precisely for this set of facts in a predictive way. We discuss the taxonomy of topics and foci, the evidence for their syntactic position, their A’-movement properties, the asymmetries between left- and right-dislocated elements, and the availability of information structure inside subordinate clauses.
Topics at the left edge of infinitive clauses in Spanish and Catalan
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez Javier
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with clitic left dislocation (CLLD) in infinitive clauses (IC) in Spanish and Catalan. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, I provide evidence that CLLDed constituents can target the left edge of ICs, contrary to previous claims in the literature (e.g. Ojea 2013). The results should not be surprising, considering that Romance CLLD is not a Main Clause Phenomena (Jiménez-Fernández & Miyagawa 2013, Authier & Haegeman 2015). Second, this sets aside CLLD from other left peripheral fronting operations in these languages, which are systematically unavailable at the left edge of IC. I argue that the data presented here does not obviously follow from any current approach about the deficiency of non-finite domains. I defend, instead, that the data can be accounted for under Ott (2015)'s proposal about CLLD, where the dislocated constituent is the remnant of a clause ellipsis operation and it is paratactically integrated in the host clause. Further, I will speculate about how this approach can account for the linear positions where CLLDed phrases can occur.