bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Influence of Larval Density on Disease Transmission Indices in Culex quinquefasciatus, the Major African Vector of Filariasis
Authors: Ukubuiwe Azubuike Christian , Ojianwuna Chioma Cynthia , Olayemi Israel Kayode , Arimoro Francis Ofurum , Omalu Innocent Chukwuemeka James , Ukubuiwe Chinenye Catherine , Baba Bulus Musa
Published: June 2019

Larval crowding is one of the abiotic factors affecting biological fitness in mosquitoes. This study aims at elucidating, quantitatively, the influence of more larval crowding on aspects of fitness in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. To this end, day-old larvae of the species were reared in 4 density regimens equivalent to 1 larva in 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mL of distilled water. Developmental indices, adult fitness indices, and accumulation and utilisation of teneral reserves for metamorphosis were determined at these density regimens. The results revealed varying significant negative effects of larval density on all fitness indices measured for the species. The study also revealed high utilisation of teneral reserves for metamorphosis at high larval densities. The information generated will be useful in making informed-decisions in allocating scare resources for vector control, although field trials are advocated to establish these laboratory findings.
Delayed Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis in the Setting of Isolated Lingual Necrosis
Authors: DeBord Logan Christopher , Chiu Ilene , Liou Nelson Eddie
Published: June 2019

Background:

Lingual necrosis is a rare complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods:

A 77-year-old woman presented for treatment of a painful and discolored tongue, odynophagia, and dehydration refractory to antimicrobials over 2 weeks. An extensive, well-demarcated necrotic area was visualized on the anterior tongue upon admission. Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate were present. Computed tomography angiogram of the head and neck revealed an undulated-beaded appearance of the distal internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries bilaterally.

Results:

High-dose intravenous steroids were initiated for suspected vasculitis. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of GCA. The patient’s condition improved and the anterior tongue was well healed at 1 month follow-up.

Conclusions:

An atypical presentation of GCA (eg, isolated lingual necrosis) risks a delay in diagnosis and increased morbidity. Any patient above the age of 50 years presenting with tongue necrosis, in the absence of known cause, should undergo expedited workup for GCA.
A new league, new coverage? Comparing tweets and media coverage from the first season of AFLW
Authors: Sherwood Merryn , Lordanic Marissa , Bandaragoda Tharindu , Sherry Emma , Alahakoon Damminda
Published: June 2019

Recent research has indicated that coverage of women’s sport has become less trivialised and sexualised, compared to historical coverage. This article uses the inaugural season of the AFL Women’s (AFLW) League in 2017 to explore this concept in both media and Twitter framing. It found that most media coverage and tweets were likely to discuss the AFLW as sport, focusing on match previews and reviews. However, there was evidence that women may still be treated differently to men, as the AFLW players who received the most media coverage also had significant off-field stories that were always mentioned alongside their on-field performance. Analysis of the tweets found that more were focused on the cultural change impact of AFLW. This was further exaggerated when looking at the most shared tweets, which were overwhelmingly focused on the socio-cultural impact of AFLW. This study indicates then that women’s sport is continuing to be normalised as part of regular sports reporting, but also that social media did not necessarily share the same frames as media when discussing AFLW. In an increasingly fragmented media environment, this has implications for media’s agenda-building function.
Trait Conscientiousness predicts rate of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fuchs Tom A , Benedict Ralph HB , Wilding Gregory , Wojcik Curtis , Jakimovski Dejan , Bergsland Niels , Ramasamy Deepa P , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert , Dwyer Michael G
Published: June 2019

Background:

Conscientiousness is a core personality trait with favorable prognosis in neuropsychiatric disease.

Objective:

We aimed to determine whether baseline Conscientiousness predicts future brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) after accounting for demographic and basic clinical characteristics.

Methods:

Trait Conscientiousness, clinical features, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were obtained at baseline. Lateral ventricle volume (LVV) was measured longitudinally. In a retrospective general linear mixed effects model, data from 424 patients were analyzed (mean 6 time-points, up to 15 years).

Results/Conclusion:

We observed significant age and Conscientiousness by time-from-baseline interactions indicating that younger age and higher Conscientiousness are associated with reduced progression of brain atrophy.
Party choice in Europe: Social cleavages and the rise of populist parties
Authors: Guth James L , Nelsen Brent F
Published: June 2019

Does the rise of populist parties of the right and left indicate the fading of the traditional left–right cleavage and the rise of a new transnational cleavage? Our analysis finds evidence of a continued left–right cleavage that divides European parties by religion and class. Our analysis also finds strong evidence for an additional transnational cleavage that pits the populists of right and left against the traditional parties of the “frozen” center. Right-Wing Populist parties attract young, working-class, and less educated voters, more often male, who are disconnected from religious institutions, perceive the national economy and their own economic status in a negative vein, and do not like immigrants. They distrust their own national government and the European Union. The Populist Left trends even younger, lower in status and education, more pessimistic about economic concerns, and just as hostile to political elites. The populists—left and right—may be divided over some aspects of modern culture, but they are united in their opposition to European elites.
Personalized politics and weakened parties—an axiom? Evidence from the Israeli case
Authors: Friedman Avital , Friedberg Chen
Published: June 2019

Personalization of politics describes a process in which the power of individual politicians rises, ostensibly at the expense of the parties. This is manifested, among other ways, by the manner in which politicians use parliamentary tools. In this study, we focus on one such tool, the private member bill, assessing whether its use necessarily expresses personal behavior, which weakens the party, as suggested in the literature—or not. To test this, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the way Israeli legislators use private member bills in the Knesset, which is regarded as an indicator of personalized politics. We found that partisan-oriented behavior can be found even when using such a highly personal tool. This suggests that personalized politics does not always weaken the party. We also examined under which conditions Knesset members demonstrate partisan-oriented behavior while using private member bills. Testing institutional party-level variables revealed that MKs from parties with exclusive candidate selection methods, opposition parties, and small parties are more likely to exhibit such behavior.
Which personality fits personalized representation?
Authors: Bøggild Troels , Campbell Rosie , Nielsen Marie Kaldahl , Pedersen Helene Helboe , vanHeerde-Hudson Jennifer Anne
Published: June 2019

In this article, we propose an individual-level explanation for variation in personalized representation, and ask which personality fits personalized representation. Building on political psychology literature, we derive hypotheses about how fundamental personality traits such as extraversion and agreeableness correlate with politicians’ preferences for personalized representation. We investigate these expectations using new survey data collected simultaneously among Danish and British MPs, including comprehensive personality measures. We show that personalized representation is particularly pronounced among MPs with higher levels of extraversion, openness to experience and lower levels of agreeableness. Furthermore, and in line with our theoretical expectations, we show that the correlations between personality traits and preferences for personalization vary across countries. Our findings suggest that personalized representation has an underlying personal dimension; consequently, politicians with certain personality traits may have an electoral advantage, particularly where politics become increasingly personalized.
Explaining the patterns of contacts between interest groups and political parties: Revising the standard model for populist times
Authors: Berkhout Joost , Hanegraaff Marcel , Statsch Patrick
Published: June 2019

Why do some groups and parties maintain contact whereas others do not? Recent studies explain party–interest group contact on the basis of power and ideological proximity. This ‘standard’ model provides reasonably good explanations for the general patterns of party–interest group interactions but requires specification to account for the profound political changes caused by the rise of populist parties. Our argument is (a) that populist ideology leads interest groups to have relatively infrequent contact with populist parties and (b) that strategic incentives related to populist parties moderate the effects of power and proximity. We examine the contact patterns of over 1600 interest groups and political parties derived from elite survey data from five European countries. We find empirical support for our arguments and relate these to normative concerns about the selective involvement of parties and groups in policymaking.
Univariate and multivariate forecasting of tourism demand using state-space models
Authors: Jorge-González Elisa , González-Dávila Enrique , Martín-Rivero Raquel , Lorenzo-Díaz Domingo
Published: June 2019

Tourism forecasting plays a major role in tourism planning and management and it is one of the main economic activities in many countries. For this reason, it is fundamental to provide several models that allow describing and forecasting the tourist demand. International visitants who arrive at a certain tourist destination may come from countries or regions with similar or different customs and behaviours and therefore be able to present correlated arrival patterns. Based on the state-space methods with time-varying parameters, this study develops the application and comparison of univariate and multivariate models in the applied case of German and British tourist at Canary Islands (Spain). The choice of model can be conditioned by the volume of tourists from one country with respect to the other. Structural models will be used incorporating intervention and exogenous variables, among which airline seat reservations for regular flights.
A major review of stakeholder perspectives on the purposes of primary physical education
Authors: Ní Chróinín Déirdre , Fletcher Tim , Jess Mike , Corr Méabh
Published: June 2019

While there may be some broad agreement about the purposes of primary physical education, there is dramatic variance in how these purposes are prioritised and enacted. Primary physical education consequently focusses on multiple, often competing, priorities. To gain a better understanding of this issue we review how different stakeholders view the purposes of primary physical education. We analysed 95 qualitative studies published between 2000 and 2017 that focussed on the views of different stakeholders. Across all stakeholders, the main purposes of primary physical education were identified as being physically active and learning physical, social, and emotional skills. Teachers and pupils were the most represented stakeholders, while the limited representation of school principals and policy makers was noted. The review indicates a need to examine the perspectives of those underrepresented stakeholders, serving as an entry point for bridge-building to shape the future direction of primary physical education.
Adolescents’ experiences of brief psychosocial intervention for depression: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of good-outcome cases
Authors: Dhanak Darshita , Thackeray Lisa , Dubicka Bernadka , Kelvin Raphael , Goodyer Ian M , Midgley Nick
Published: June 2019

Background:

Brief psychosocial intervention (BPI) is a treatment for adolescent depression that has recently demonstrated clinical effectiveness in a controlled trial. The aim of this study is to explore experiences of adolescents with major depression receiving BPI treatment in the context of good treatment outcomes.

Method:

A subsample of five interviews from a larger study of adolescents’ experiences of BPI was purposively selected, focusing on good-outcome cases. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to provide a richer understanding of participants’ experiences of overcoming depression in the BPI group.

Results:

Four central themes were identified: ‘Being heard and feeling safe’, ‘Collaborative working enhancing therapy’, ‘Gaining a different perspective on one’s self and relationships’ and ‘A positive therapeutic relationship’.

Conclusion:

BPI is a novel approach with promising clinical effectiveness. Utilising adolescents’ experiences has revealed potential psychological mechanisms of good treatment response to BPI. Overall implications for clinical practice with depressed adolescents are discussed.
Discrimination and health: A dyadic approach
Authors: Huynh Virginia W , Rahal Danny , Mercado Evelyn , Irwin Michael R , McCreath Heather , Seeman Theresa , Fuligni Andrew J
Published: June 2019

This study examined how discrimination changes over time, how discrimination is related to health and substance use, and whether discrimination spills over to affect the health of family members. Parent–adolescent dyads (N = 341) completed measures of discrimination, physical health, mental health, and substance use over 5 years. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models indicated that individuals’ experiences of discrimination can spill over to some aspects of the family context, depending on who is experiencing discrimination (i.e. parent, adolescent) and the outcome (i.e. mental health, substance use). Results suggest that parent-reported discrimination may affect adolescent depression, and adolescent-reported discrimination can spill over to parents’ substance use.
Culturally adapted depression intervention to manage depression among women with infertility in Ghana
Authors: Naab Florence , Brown Roger , Ward Earlise C
Published: June 2019

This study tested the feasibility of a culturally adapted depression intervention among women with infertility. Women who were seeking medical treatment for infertility were randomized into treatment and control groups. Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 3 months post intervention. General linear mixed model using empirical Bayesian estimates for repeated measures was used. The findings indicate an improvement in the women’s psychosocial health in the treatment group as compared with the controls. These findings strongly suggest that the management of these psychosocial problems should be an integral part of the management of infertility.
A colonized general practice? A critical habermasian analysis of how general practitioners experience defensive medicine in their everyday working life
Authors: Assing Hvidt Elisabeth , Bjørnskov Pedersen Line , Lykkegaard Jesper , Møller Pedersen Kjeld , Andersen Merethe Kousgaard
Published: June 2019

The aim of this article is to show how Jürgen Habermas’ communicative action theory serves as a useful tool in analysing and interpreting empirical data on how Danish general practitioners experience defensive medicine in their everyday working life. Through six qualitative focus group interviews with a total of 28 general practitioners (14 men and 14 women), the general practitioners’ understandings of and experiences with defensive medicine were unfolded and discussed. Traditionally, defensive medicine is understood as physicians’ deviation from sound medical practice due to fears of liability claims or lawsuits. In this study, however, a broader understanding of defensive medicine emerged as unnecessary medical actions that are more substantiated by feelings of demands and pressures than meaningful clinical behaviour. As a first analytical step, the data are contextualized drawing on the medical sociological literature that has theorized recent changes within primary health care such as regulation, audit, standardization and consumerism. Using Habermas’ theorization to further interpret the general practitioners’ experiences, we argue that central areas of the general practitioners’ clinical everyday work life can be seen as having become subject to the habermasian social and political processes of ‘strategic action’ and ‘colonization’. It is furthermore shown that the general practitioners share an impulse to resist these colonizing processes, hereby pointing to a need for challenging the increasingly defensive medical culture that seems to pervade the organization of general practice today.
Re-framing free movement in the countdown to Brexit? Shifting UK press portrayals of EU migrants in the wake of the referendum
Authors: Morrison James
Published: June 2019

This article argues that long-standing press portrayals of economic migrants as threats to Britain’s economic wellbeing underwent a marked turn immediately after the 2016 ‘Brexit’ referendum. Following an intense campaign during which most national newspapers problematised European Union free movement, the month after the vote saw even ‘Euro-sceptic’ titles shift towards emphasising the economic costs of ending it. Within six months, however, discourses framing migrants as ‘invaders’ and/or ‘exploiters’ resurfaced. The article conceptualises the immediate post-referendum period as one of discursive aftershock, as key actors struggled to absorb the outcome and newspapers accustomed to years of spoon-feeding with simplistic pro- and anti-European Union rhetoric scrambled to find fresh sources of newsworthy conflict in a ‘post-war’ climate. In so doing, it contributes to our understanding of the multidirectional complexity of the agenda-setting process, by showing how shifts in the nature of public debate can help re-frame the narrative preoccupations of the media.
The Handling of the Rectal Stump Does Not Affect Severe Morbidity After Subtotal Colectomy For Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lissel M. , Omidy S. , Myrelid P. , Block M. , Angenete E.
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims:

Colectomy due to ulcerative colitis is associated with complications. One severe complication is the risk for blow-out of the remaining rectal remnant. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and severity of complications in patients with the rectal remnant left subcutaneously versus patients with the rectal remnant left intra-abdominally. A secondary aim was to identify risk factors for complications.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive patients at two tertiary centers in Sweden were retrospectively reviewed regarding surgical procedures; complications classified according to Clavien–Dindo; and possible risk factors for complications such as preoperative medication, emergency surgery, and body mass index.

Results:

307 patients were identified. Minor complications were more common than previously reported (85%–89%). Severe surgical complications were not related to the handling of the rectal remnant. Leaving the rectal remnant subcutaneously was associated with local wound problems. Risk factors for severe complications were emergency surgery and preoperative medication with 5-aminosalicylic acid.

Conclusion:

Minor complications after colectomy for ulcerative colitis are very common and need to be addressed. Leaving the rectal stump intra-abdominally seems safe and may be advantageous to reduce local wound morbidity.
Broadcasting for help: A typology of support-seeking strategies on Facebook
Authors: Buehler Emily M , Crowley Jenny L , Peterson Ashley M , High Andrew C
Published: June 2019

Social network sites are desirable media through which to seek supportive communication, and users can signal a need for assistance to large, diverse pools of potential support providers with a single message. According to social information processing theory, support seekers adapt to the lack of nonverbal cues online by leveraging the verbal elements of messages. This study classifies the variety of verbal strategies that Facebook users employ to seek support to better understand how people publicly initiate supportive exchanges online. A community sample of participants ( N = 291) completed an online questionnaire in which they provided their most recent Facebook post that was intended to garner supportive communication. A thematic analysis revealed seven themes that describe the verbal strategies of support-seeking that social network site users enacted to request support. Implications for initiating supportive exchanges and revealing personal information online are discussed.
Community physiotherapy for people with dementia following hip fracture: Fact or fiction? A qualitative study
Authors: Hall Abigail J , Fullam James , Lang Iain A , Endacott Ruth , Goodwin Victoria A
Published: June 2019

Background

Physiotherapy is a core component of rehabilitation following a hip fracture. Approximately 40% of people sustaining a hip fracture will have dementia, but there is little evidence to guide physiotherapy interventions in this population.

Objective

This study forms part of a process evaluation seeking to explore reasons why people with dementia were not referred for physiotherapy following a hip fracture and challenges that are faced treating these people in the community.

Methods

We undertook a series of structured focus groups and interviews with physiotherapists based in community-rehabilitation services in the South West of England. Qualitative data sought to explain reasons why people with dementia were not being referred for onward physiotherapy following discharge from the acute setting after hip fracture. Framework analysis was used to make sense of the data.

Results

Four focus groups and interviews were undertaken with physiotherapists and assistants working in community settings. Three main themes were determined – beliefs, the importance of pathways of care and the effect of resources on decision making.

Discussion

Out data suggest that people with dementia were often labelled as having ‘no rehabilitation potential’ in the acute setting and this excluded them from receiving ongoing therapy in the community setting. It was also suggested that physiotherapists were judging this potential using biomedical measures of outcome which fails to recognise the importance of person centred care for this population.

Conclusion

There was suggestion of therapeutic nihilism when considering rehabilitation for this population, whereby it is assumed that people with dementia cannot be rehabilitated, so they are not given the opportunity. It is unsurprising that outcomes for this population are poor considering the reluctance to provide physiotherapy to people with dementia following hip fracture.
Social positions and institutional privilege as matters of justice
Authors: Brännmark Johan
Published: June 2019

Liberal political theory is often understood as being underpinned by an individualistic social ontology, and it is sometimes objected that this type of ontology makes it difficult to address injustices that involve social groups and informal forms of privilege. It is argued here that, to the extent that liberals do fail to properly address such structural injustices, the main problem can instead be understood to lie with a rules-centric understanding of institutions – one which is actually out of line with a proper ontological individualism. If institutions are instead understood as distributions of right and duties, held by individuals, it becomes much more straightforward to identify institutional privilege in terms of inequalities in those distributions. The relevant rights and duties can be explicated in terms of informal Hohfeldian incidents and it is argued that patterned distributions of such incidents can come to exist, and be maintained, through how we develop a largely intuitive sense of where our interpersonal boundaries run and form social expectations about which kinds of behaviour will typically receive pushback in some form.
Virtual Collectivity through Second Screen: Chinese Fans’ WeChat Use in Televised Spectatorship of European Football
Authors: Gong Yuan
Published: June 2019

This article explores Chinese fans’ use of WeChat in the televised spectatorship of European football. Drawing on the data from in-depth interviews and participant observations, I demonstrate how WeChat as a second screen affords a form of virtual collectivity among fans that transforms the individualized and rational viewing of television football. In particular, this virtual collectivity normalizes the privacy and propriety of emotional expressions and in turn refrains intimacy and sense of community among fans of the same club. I also argue that WeChat draws Chinese fans to this virtual collectivity during public game-viewing in real life, which disrupts the potential face-to-face interactions and solidarity among the onsite fans. This case offers implications for the role of second screens in the glocalization of sports consumption in reforming China.
Examining the Technical Adequacy of the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener
Authors: Whitley Samuel F. , Cuenca-Carlino Yojanna
Published: June 2019

Many schools attempt to identify and service students at risk for poor mental health outcomes within a multi-tiered system of support (MTSS). Universal screening within a MTSS requires technically adequate tools. The Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS) has been put forth as a technically adequate screener. Researchers have examined the factor structure, diagnostic accuracy, criterion validity, and internal consistency of SAEBRS data. However, previous research has not examined its temporal stability or replicated the criterion validity results with a racially/ethnically diverse urban elementary school sample. This study examined the test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and predictive validity of teacher-completed SAEBRS ratings with racially/ethnically diverse group students enrolled in first through fifth grade in an urban elementary school. Reliability analyses resulted in significant test–retest reliability coefficients across four weeks for all SAEBRS scales. Furthermore, nonsignificant paired samples t tests were observed with the exception of the third-grade Emotional subscale. Validity analyses yielded significant concurrent and predictive Pearson correlation coefficients between SAEBRS ratings, oral reading fluency, and office discipline referrals. Limitations and implications of the results are discussed.
Endovascular Treatment of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis in Metastatic Malignancy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Shapero Kayle S. , Jelani Qurat-Ul-Ain , Mena Carlos
Published: June 2019

Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is a specific form of thromboembolism that occurs at a rate of 1.5% in all patients hospitalized with a deep vein thrombosis. Malignant IVC thrombosis may occur due to compression from a tumor mass or metastasis or may also occur through tumor invasion of the venous vasculature. Obstruction of the IVC can lead to IVC syndrome, marked by ascites, lower extremity edema, and even congestive hepatic failure. We present a case of extensive IVC thrombosis in a 69-year-old female with metastatic adrenal cell carcinoma, presenting with severe bilateral lower extremity edema and ascites. Computed tomography showed IVC compression by the caudate lobe due to a metastatic liver mass and extensive clot burden of the IVC extending from the renal veins to the right atrium (RA). She underwent percutaneous IVC stenting with 4 stents placed in tandem from the IVC to the RA. Her hospital course was complicated by gastrointestinal bleed requiring clipping, acute liver failure, and hypophysitis due to trial therapy. Although her IVC symptoms were partially relieved with percutaneous intervention, her acute liver failure worsened and she was ultimately transitioned to hospice care.
Assessing the theory of change in national strategies
Authors: Thurston Cathryn Quantic
Published: June 2019

The theory of change links a strategy’s theory about the source of the conflict and the intervention philosophy to the implementation of programs and activities in the field. This paper focuses on strategic assessment at the national level, a step above the operational assessment at the departmental or agency level. The paper first discusses the importance of understanding a strategy’s theory of change and how policymakers at the national level think about the problem and how to intervene. The paper uses counterterrorism and conflict resolution strategy as examples. The author discusses two special challenges: how policymakers frame the desired outcome, and multiple theories. The author argues for strategic assessment officers to discuss a strategy’s theory or theories of change so that policymakers and national-level leaders can better understand how different theories drive their intervention plans and strategies. By improving policymakers’ understanding of their theory of change, and improve the clarity of the desired outcomes, strategic assessment officers can better measure the effectiveness of national-level strategies.
Abortion care as moral work
Authors: Schoen Johanna
Published: June 2019

This article traces the history of moral arguments for abortion care. Prior to the legalization of abortion, clergy members and physicians who participated in the Clergy Consultation Service constructed a clear moral framework for abortion as they referred women to underground abortion services. With the legalization of abortion in 1973, supporters of legal abortion turned from arguments that articulated the morality of abortion to language that emphasized women’s privacy and rights. Moral arguments receded to the background, to be taken up by anti-abortion activists who argued that abortion was immoral. With the rise of the religious right, the stigma surrounding abortion increased significantly. Fearing that ending their pregnancy was immoral, patients frequently struggled with their abortion decision. Beginning in the 1990s, abortion clinics began to address questions of foetal life and death head-on. By doing so, they offered patients the opportunity to explore topics previously considered too politically sensitive—questions concerning the value of life, the meaning of foetal death, religious beliefs, and frameworks as they related to the abortion decision. Patients and abortion providers asserted that their decisions were moral decisions and drew on their religious beliefs to guide their choices in favour of abortion.
Pro Familia and the reform of abortion laws in West Germany, 1967–1983
Authors: Roesch Claudia
Published: June 2019

This article investigates the role of the West German family planning association Pro Familia in the abortion reform of the 1960s and 1970s. It examines the question of legal abortion from the perspective of reproductive decision-making and asks who was to make a decision about having an abortion in the reform process—the woman, her doctor, or a counsellor. During the early reform suggestions of §218 in the 1960s, Pro Familia supported the West German solution of allowing legal abortion only in medical emergencies. Opinions within the organization changed as leading members witnessed legalization in Great Britain and New York. The feminist movement and the Catholic opposition to legal abortion influenced positions in the reform phase of the 1970s. Meanwhile, Pro Familia put emphasis on compulsory pregnancy crisis counselling as aid in decision-making for individual women and a tool for putting a decision into practice. Throughout the reform process, Pro Familia continued to perceive legal abortion not as way to enable women to make their own decision but as a pragmatic solution to emergencies.
Amitriptyline influences the mechanical withdrawal threshold in bone cancer pain rats by regulating glutamate transporter GLAST
Authors: Ma Simeng , Zheng Xiaochun , Zheng Ting , Huang Fengyi , Jiang Jundan , Luo Huirong , Guo Qianqian , Hu Bin
Published: June 2019

Patients with cancer, especially breast, prostate, and lung cancer, commonly experience bone metastases that are difficult to manage and are associated with bone cancer pain. Amitriptyline is often used to treat chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain. In this study, the effects of amitriptyline on the mechanical withdrawal threshold and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated in rat models of bone cancer pain. Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells were injected into the bone marrow cavity of the right tibia of rats to provoke bone cancer pain. Then, amitriptyline was intraperitoneally administered twice daily from fifth day after the operation. Rats with bone cancer showed an apparent decline in the mechanical withdrawal threshold at day 11 after Walker 256 cells inoculation. The levels of the glutamate-aspartate transporter in the spinal cord dorsal horn decreased remarkably, and the concentration of the excitatory amino acid glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid increased substantially. Amitriptyline injection could prevent the decline of mechanical withdrawal threshold in bone cancer pain rats. In addition, glutamate-aspartate transporter was upregulated on the glial cell surface, and glutamate levels were reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, amitriptyline injection could not prevent the bone cancer pain-induced reduction in glutamate-aspartate transporter in the glial cell cytosol, it further downregulated cytosolic glutamate-aspartate transporter. Amitriptyline had no significant effect on GLAST messenger RNA expression, and bone cancer pain-invoked protein kinase A/protein kinase C upregulation was prevented. Taken together, these results suggest that the intraperitoneal injection of amitriptyline can prevent the decrease of mechanical withdrawal threshold in bone cancer pain rats, the underlying mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of protein kinase A/protein kinase C expression, thus promoting glutamate-aspartate transporter trafficking onto the glial cell surface and reducing excitatory amino acid concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Do manufactured and natural objects evoke similar motor information? The case of action priming
Authors: Godard Marc , Wamain Yannick , Kalénine Solène
Published: June 2019

There is considerable evidence that visually presented manipulable objects evoke motor information, supporting the existence of affordance effects during object perception. However, most arguments come from stimulus–response compatibility paradigms, raising the issue of the automaticity of affordance effects. Action priming paradigms overcome this issue but show less reliable results, possibly because affordance effects are moderated by additional factors. The present study aimed to assess whether affordance effects highlighted in action priming paradigms could be affected by object category (manufactured or natural). A total of 24 young adults performed a semantic categorisation task on natural and manufactured target objects presented after neutral (non-grasping hand postures) or action (congruent power or precision grips) primes. Results revealed a modulation of action priming effects as a function of object category. Object semantic categorisation was faster after action than neutral primes, but only for manufactured objects. Results suggest that natural and manufactured objects evoke distinct types of affordances and that action priming paradigms favour the evocation of functional affordances during object semantic categorisation. This finding fuels the debate on the nature of the motor information evoked by visual objects.
The Artification of Football: A Sociological Reconsideration of the ‘Beautiful Game’
Authors: Hughson John
Published: June 2019

Football is widely referred to as the ‘beautiful game’. This gives the impression that the sport can be aesthetically appreciated by its human observers. However, while many people might acknowledge that some of the physical movements made by top level football players exhibit grace, even beauty, this does not equate to football being accepted as a form of culture comparable to other areas of human activity described collectively as ‘the arts’. While this article takes an interest in philosophical inquiry into the aesthetic possibilities of football, it is primarily concerned with a sociological explanation as to how football has become ‘artified’. In doing so, the article draws upon the concept ‘artification’ as developed by Roberta Shapiro and Nathalie Heinich. The approach is not concerned with definitions of art according to aesthetic criteria or notions of appreciation, but with ‘how and under what circumstances art comes about’. This requires examining football in relation to discernible ‘constituent processes’ of artification. For reasons explained in the article, the contextual focus is on the artification of football in England. Artification is not a closed and finished matter. In that it can be said to have occurred, artification must be balanced against ‘de-artification’ in the form of potentially countervailing tendencies. Such consideration is taken up in the conclusion, via reflection upon the damaging impact of the excesses of commercial organisational control. Overall, artification is advocated as a sociological model that offers insight into the cultural significance of football in contemporary life.
Tourism and the dynamics of transnational mnemonic encounters
Authors: Pfoser Alena , Keightley Emily
Published: June 2019

The turn towards transnational memory has largely focused on particular sites and modes of remembering, focusing on the creation of memories between and beyond nation-states in institutional politics, the media, migration and to a lesser degree social movements. Despite its significance for encountering other people’s past, international tourism remains under-examined in the scholarship due to a focus on macro-developments, a polarisation along a binary of cosmopolitan versus conflictive memories and a discounting of memories shaped by commercialised logics. Drawing on a case study of Russian tourism in Tallinn, Estonia, this article makes the case for a closer examination of tourist encounters as part of research on transnational memory. It examines how tourism works as an arena for the production and circulation of memories through direct transnational encounters, refracting and modifying macro-political memories within a commercialised service environment. We analyse the role of tour guides as mnemonic intermediaries and show how in their work with Russian tourists they navigate pasts that form the subject of on-going memory conflicts at the level of international politics. Their representational strategies deemphasise contested pasts and avoid conflicts through neutrality and compromise. At the same time, tourist encounters can also be used to create spaces for dialogue and the formation of positive relations. Overall, the article demonstrates both the productivity and frictions of tourist settings for transnational remembering and makes the case for considering more ambiguous cases in transnational memory research.
Decreased complication profile and improved clinical outcomes of primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty after 2010: A systematic review
Authors: Crum Raphael J , de SA Darren L , Su Favian L , Lesniak Bryson P , Lin Albert
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this review was to update the complication profile of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) post-2010, given greater procedural familiarity, improved learning curves, enhanced implant designs, and increased attention to the nuances of patient selection. Three electronic databases were searched and screened in duplicate from 1 January 2010 to 16 December 2018 based on predetermined criteria. Twenty-two studies examining 1455 patients (26% male; mean age: 73.4 ± 3.6; mean follow-up: 23.4 ± 14.3 months) were reviewed. Post-operative motion ranged a mean 122.4° ± 11.5° flexion, 109° ± 19.4° abduction, and 33° ± 11.2°/41° ± 5° external/internal rotation. Post-operative mean Constant score was 58.9 ± 10.1, American Shoulder Elbow Surgeon score was 73.4 ± 6.1, Simple Shoulder Test score was 63.5 ± 6.5, and a Visual Analog Scale pain score was 1.6 ± 0.9. The overall complication rate was 18.2% and major complication rate was 15.4%. Compared to pre-2010, the overall complication rate of 18.2% is lower than previous rates of 19%–68%, with the rate of “major” complications dropping three-fold from 15.4% to 4.6%. The data suggest that rTSA is a safe and efficacious alternative to aTSA and HA, and the “stale” nature of previous complication profiles are points fundamental to perioperative discussions surrounding rTSA.
Multiple perspectives on attachment theory: Investigating educators’ knowledge and understanding
Authors: Wilson-Ali Nadia , Barratt-Pugh Caroline , Knaus Marianne
Published: June 2019

This paper presents findings from a study investigating the multiple perspectives of attachment theory and practice through the voices of early childhood educators. Attachment theory has influenced research, policy and practice over the last six decades, offering a framework for understanding risk and protective factors in early childhood. Despite the increasing literature highlighting the importance of attachment relationships, attachment theory has been primarily considered from a medical health or psychological perspective and little is known about educators’ perspectives of attachment theory. In total, 488 Australian educators responded to the online survey, demonstrating a wide interest in the topic of attachment. One early childhood service was selected to participate in semi-structured interviews and observations. Findings indicate diverse perspectives in how educators support attachment relationship development, which varied according to their knowledge, understanding and experience of attachment relationships.
Glucose-Responsive Insulin Through Bioconjugation Approaches
Authors: Disotuar Maria M. , Chen Diao , Lin Nai-Pin , Chou Danny Hung-Chieh
Published: June 2019

Although insulin analogs have markedly improved glycemic control for people with diabetes, glycemic excursions still cause major health problems and complications. In particular, the narrow therapeutic window of current insulin therapy makes it extremely difficult to maintain normoglycemia without risking severe hypoglycemia. Currently, there are no FDA-approved insulin therapeutics whose bioactivity is regulated by blood glucose levels. This review discusses recent progress on developing glucose-responsive insulin (GRI) bioconjugates without the need of exogenous matrices. Through this approach, tremendous efforts have been made over the years to demonstrate the promise of better glycemic control and reduced risk of hypoglycemia. Last, we discuss future directions of GRI development with a goal to maximize the glucose responsiveness.
Partial Cutting and Suture Technique for Caudal Septoplasty
Authors: Cheon Tae-Uk , Song Young Jun , Kang Byung Chul , Nam Jung-Gwon , Lee Tae-Hoon
Published: June 2019

Background

The partial cutting and suture technique is a modification of the cutting and suture technique that overcomes the limitations and simplifies the procedure of the cutting and suture technique.

Objective

We describe the partial cutting and suture technique and evaluate its effectiveness of correcting caudal septal deviation.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent anterior septoplasty using the partial cutting and suture technique. The patients were evaluated with the Nasal Obstructive Symptoms Evaluation (NOSE) scale scores and the acoustic rhinometry preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

Results

Thirty-one patients underwent caudal septoplasty by our novel technique. The NOSE scale score changed from 43.5 to 11.0 ( P = .000). The minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) on the convex side changed from 0.49 cm2 to 0.65 cm2 ( P = .006).

Conclusion

The partial cutting and suture technique is relatively easy and is very effective in correcting caudal septal deviation without any complications.
Politics and Parental Care: Experimental and Mediational Tests of the Causal Link Between Parenting Motivation and Social Conservatism
Authors: Kerry Nicholas , Murray Damian R.
Published: June 2019

People vary greatly in their desire for, willingness to care for, and emotions toward children. This variation in “parenting motivation” predicts a range of cognition and behavior. Strategic perspectives on political attitudes suggest that parenting motivation should be associated with more socially conservative attitudes, since these attitudes prioritize self-protection norms. Across three studies, we found that parenthood mediated age-related increases in social conservatism. Study 1 found that an experimental child interaction prime increased social conservatism in parents but not in nonparents. Study 2 (preregistered, n = 803) found a main effect of the prime, while Study 3 (preregistered, n = 763) found no experimental effect. Study 3 also found that the relationship between parenting motivation and social conservatism was mediated by both sexual attitudes and perceived threats. These findings attest to the important relationship between parenthood and social conservatism but also suggest that “parenting” primes have either inconsistent or trivial implications within online samples.
When an Event Is Perceived Depends on Where We Attend
Authors: Jovanovic Ljubica , Mamassian Pascal
Published: June 2019

Does the moment when an event is perceived depends on where it is presented? To measure when participants perceived events, they were first familiarized with trial duration, by watching the hand of a clock rotating. Then, the hand was removed, and stimuli were presented at a random time from the trial onset. Participants indicated the location where the hand would have been when the stimulus was presented. The stimuli’s eccentricity, the appearance, and location of the spatial features of the clock were varied. The targets were reported earlier if they were presented in spatial proximity to the clock outline, even when it was not presented during the trial. The effect was replicated with stimuli presented at the same distance from fixation but at different distances from the spatial features. In summary, the time of an event is perceived earlier if it is presented near attended features in the visual scene.