bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pasado y presente de los estudios hispánicos en la República Popular China: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Manzanares Triquet Juan Carlos , Guijarro Ojeda Juan Ramón
Published: July 2022

La historia del español en la R. P. China es relativamente reciente y está marcada por un desarrollo irregular e inconsistente como consecuencia de los vaivenes sociopolíticos que experimentaron tanto España como el gigante asiático a lo largo del siglo XX. Su condición minoritaria, con todo, no ha privado sus perspectivas de progreso, mesuradas pero sostenidas, cobrando un significativo crecimiento desde el año 2000. En este artículo repasaremos los orígenes del español en la R. P. China; sistematizaremos su evolución haciendo alusión a las diferentes etapas que ha experimentado en el tiempo; arrojaremos luz sobre las principales características de la licenciatura; abordaremos el rol que ocupa en otros niveles educativos; y, finalmente, recapitularemos algunas de las iniciativas vigentes más importantes destinadas a promover y difundir el español en el país.
Estrategias de los actos de habla del acto de agradecer: Estudio comparativo del español y el árabe
Authors: Latef Ramadan Omran Khalifa
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de un estudio contrastivo sobre la realización del acto de habla expresivo del agradecimiento en español y árabe, este acto de habla no solo es uno de los más utilizados en nuestra interacción cotidiana, sino que constituye un espacio privilegiado para el análisis de la relación entre la cortesía como norma de conducta social y el lenguaje, para ello, hay que considerar la variabilidad de la cortesía sociocultural de una cultura a otra. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es la observación contrastiva y al análisis paralingüístico de las estrategias empleadas por hablantes nativos de español y de árabe.
Application of a multi-tiered blade system for reversible hydromachines of PSPP
Authors: Liamasov A. K. , Volkov A. V. , Denisov K. E. , Biriulin M. A.
Published: July 2022

The use of reversible hydraulic machines is often the most cost-effective option in most pumped storage configurations. At the same time, among reversible machines, radial-axial pump-turbines are most often used. This is due to the fact that such hydraulic turbines are capable of operating at high pressures, which are used in pumped storage power plants. The impellers of such reversible machines have a rigid-blade system, that is, they are not able to change their position, like the blades of axial and diagonal rotary-blade hydraulic turbines. What makes the problem in the design of pump-turbines is that, due to the different influence of hydraulic resistances, the optimum in pumping and turbine modes is different. This is taken into account in the design and determines both geometric and operational parameters. As a result, the maximum impeller diameter calculated for the pumping mode does not correspond to the optimal turbine geometry. At the same time, it is the turbine mode that should have the maximum efficiency, since the cost of peak electricity is higher than the cost of energy during the hours of dips in the daily load schedule corresponding to the pumping mode. In order to design the impeller-pump of the turbine optimally for the turbine mode, it is necessary for the same impeller to develop a greater pressure in the pumping mode of operation. To increase the pressure in the pumping mode, multi-tiered paddle grids can be used. This paper discusses the effect of additional tiers of hydrodynamic grids on the turbine regime and the prospects for their modernization in conjunction with other well-known technical solutions to increase the pressure and expand the operating area of HPP hydroelectric units.
La intervención en las organizaciones: Apuntes para pensar su importancia
Authors: Espinosa Infante Elvia , Lozano Carrillo Oscar
Published: July 2022

El presente capítulo representa un esfuerzo por conceptualizar lo que es la intervención dentro de las organizaciones y se encuentra dividido de la siguiente manera: I) la organización, espacio de relaciones complejas y contradictorias, en este breve espacio exponemos como entendemos a la organización; II) la consultoría, la cual históricamente tiene como eje central la solución a corto plazo de problemas relacionados con la productividad; en seguida III) la intervención organizacional, donde abordamos lo que se ha entendido por intervención en otras disciplinas antes de exponer lo que deducimos por intervención en las organizaciones; y terminamos con IV) reflexiones finales, donde manifestamos que es necesario construir una “Teoría General de la Intervención Organizacional”, así como reflexionar en las implicaciones prácticas de la acción interventora en las organizaciones.
Max Scheler: del personalismo ético a la metafísica del hombre
Authors: Camacho Aldo Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Max Scheler es uno de los pilares de la fenomenología del siglo XX. Sus estudios se centraron en la ética, para auspiciar una ética material de los valores, de la cual emanan conceptos clásicos de su filosofía, como el de persona, tabla de valores, espíritu y percepción sentimental. En este trabajo se pretende hacer un análisis de su filosofía con el fin de comprender la tarea que el autor no llegó a desarrollar, a saber, la idea de una antropología filosófica. Para ello, es necesario abordar las principales fuentes de su filosofía, que van desde su concepción fenomenológica, su comprensión axiológica, hasta su filosofía de la religión, con conceptos como el de experiencia fenomenológica de lo divino, la primera noción de panenteísmo y espíritu. Una vez puestas estas bases, será posible comprender la idea de la antropología filosófica, de la cual surgen conceptos como el de espíritu, esencia humana, impulso afectivo, instinto y la metafísica del hombre.
La protección a las familias en la Seguridad Social
Authors: Gorelli Hernández Juan
Published: July 2022

Con este trabajo se analiza el conjunto normativo de Seguridad Social dirigido a la protección de la familia. Con independencia de si se trata de una protección directa o indirecta, se señalan las diferentes prestaciones contributivas y no contributivas que tienen objetivos de carácter familiar. El resultado es la constatación de un sistema transversal de protección, tremendamente heterogéneo y carente de unidad, que requiere la actuación del legislador para unificar las distintas medidas si se quiere que las familias puedan ser verdaderamente protegidas por la Seguridad Social.
Subcontratación y convenio colectivo aplicable. El nuevo artículo 42.6 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores a la luz de tres previas sentencias de la sala de lo social del Tribunal Supremo
Authors: García-Perrote Escartín Ignacio
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo realiza una primera aproximación al nuevo apartado 6 del artículo 42 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, introducido en el precepto legal por el Real Decreto-Ley 32/2021, de 28 de diciembre. Para ello, el trabajo parte de tres señaladas sentencias de la sala de lo social del Tribunal Supremo, sentencias que se tuvieron en cuenta en las negociaciones que condujeron al texto del RDL 32/2021. Realizado lo anterior, el artículo analiza el nuevo apartado 6 del artículo 42 ET llegando a las siguientes conclusiones: 1ª) Si la empresa contratista o subcontratista tiene convenio colectivo propio, este será el convenio colectivo aplicable, que se aplicará íntegramente si es anterior en el tiempo al convenio sectorial de la actividad desarrollada en la contrata o subcontrata; 2ª) Sin embargo, ese convenio colectivo propio no tendrá prioridad aplicativa en materia salarial si es posterior en el tiempo al citado convenio sectorial; 3ª) En defecto de lo anterior, se aplicará el convenio sectorial que sea aplicable conforme a lo dispuesto en el título III ET; 4ª) En defecto de los tres criterios anteriores, se aplicará el convenio del sector de la actividad desarrollada en la contrata o subcontrata.
Una breve aproximación al teletrabajo como opción para posponer la jubilación
Authors: Montes Adalid Gloria
Published: July 2022

Asumiendo la enorme relevancia que ha adquirido el teletrabajo a raíz de la pandemia como subespecie de trabajo a distancia predominante en España, el objeto de este estudio consiste en ofrecer una respuesta adecuada a la siguiente cuestión: ¿es el teletrabajo una opción para posponer la jubilación?
Nuevos paradigmas para los derechos fundamentales del trabajo en la era tecnológica
Authors: Fernández Ramírez Marina
Published: July 2022

Los nuevos avances tecnológicos no solo han introducido cambios en los planos jurídico, social y político de nuestras vidas como ciudadanos, sino también, nuevas amenazas en el mundo de los derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores. Dichas acciones cobran un cierto carácter de invisibilidad frente al escrutinio público y, por tanto, la aparente inmaterialidad de los ataques precisa nuevas formas de análisis que obligan a transformar y ampliar la protección de tales derechos. Tratándose de derechos fundamentales, es el momento de identificar cuál es la forma más segura de garantizarlos, de utilizar la tecnología como motor de democratización y promoción de estos derechos, aunque ello suponga poner en jaque a los Estados y al sistema judicial. En esta lucha, el Estado ha desempeñado y desempeña un papel clave, que debería potenciarse a través de integraciones supranacionales, creando amplios espacios políticos y democráticos globales de protección de estos derechos. Una protección, que es más necesaria que nunca.
The structure of matrix polynomial algebras
Authors: NGUEFACK Bertrand
Published: July 2022

This work formally introduces and starts investigating the structure of matrix polynomial algebra extensions
of a coefficient algebra by (elementary) matrix-variables over
a ground polynomial ring in not necessary commuting variables.
These matrix subalgebras of full matrix rings over polynomial rings show up
in noncommutative algebraic geometry. We carefully study their (one-sided or bilateral) noetherianity, obtaining a precise lift of the Hilbert Basis Theorem when the
ground ring is either a commutative polynomial ring, a free noncommutative polynomial ring or a skew polynomial ring extension by a free commutative term-ordered monoid.
We equally address the natural but rather delicate question of recognising which matrix polynomial algebras are Cayley-Hamilton algebras,
which are interesting noncommutative algebras arising from the study of $\mathrm{Gl}_{n}$-varieties.
Red flags for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis: simple suggestions to raise suspicion and achieve earlier diagnosis
Authors: Argiro’ Alessia , Zampieri Mattia , Mazzoni Carlotta , Catalucci Tullio , Biondo Beatrice , Tomberli Alessia , Gabriele Martina , Di Mario Carlo , Perfetto Federico , Cappelli Francesco
Published: July 2022

Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in the heart leading to organ dysfunction. Despite recent diagnostic advances, the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is often delayed or even missed. Furthermore, a long diagnostic delay is associated with adverse outcomes, with the early diagnosed patients showing the longest survival.

In this narrative review we aimed to summarize the ‘red flags’ that may facilitate the correct diagnosis. The red flags may be classified as clinical, biohumoral, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance features and should promptly raise the suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis in order to start a correct diagnostic pathway and targeted treatment strategies that may improve patients’ outcomes.
Impact of coronavirus disease 19 outbreak on arrhythmic events and mortality among implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients followed up by remote monitoring: a single center study from the Veneto region of Italy
Authors: Zorzi Alessandro , Mattesi Giulia , Frigo Anna Chiara , Leoni Loira , Bertaglia Emanuele , De Lazzari Manuel , Cipriani Alberto , Iliceto Sabino , Corrado Domenico , Migliore Federico
Published: July 2022

Background

The 2020 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak entailed reduced availability of traditional (in-office) cardiology consultations. Remote monitoring is an alternative way of caring that may potentially mitigate the negative effects of the epidemic to the care of cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the outcome of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) carriers followed up remotely in 2020 (epidemic period) versus 2019 (control).

Methods

We included all patients with an ICD who remained remotely monitored from the beginning to the end of each year. The combined end point included: new-onset atrial fibrillation; sustained ventricular tachycardia >170 bpm without ICD intervention; appropriate ICD intervention (either shock or antitachycardia pacing); any-cause death. Multiple events in the same patients were counted separately if occurring ≥48 h apart.

Results

In 2020, 52 end points occurred in 37 of 366 (10%) ICD carriers [0.14/patient (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11–0.19)] versus 43 end points in 32 of 325 (10%) ICD carriers in 2019 [0.13/patient (95% CI = 0.10–0.18) P = 0.75]. There was no difference between the distribution of any individual end point in 2020 versus 2019 although a nonsignificant mortality increase was observed (from 2.8% to 4.6%, P = 0.19). The lowest weekly event rate occurred during the national lock down in spring 2020 but a similar trend occurred also in 2019 suggesting that the effect may not be linked to social distancing measures.

Conclusions

We did not observe an increase in a combined end point including arrhythmic events and mortality in ICD carriers who were remotely monitored in 2020, compared to 2019, despite the negative impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak on the healthcare system.
Performance of the Public Prosecutor in the Recycling of Solid Urban Waste: a Literature Review
Authors: Correa Frankielle Alline Pereira , Sguarezi Sandro Benedito , Melo Sonia Aparecida Beato Ximenes de
Published: July 2022

Purpose: to carry out a diagnosis of textual fragments from the consultation in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for Higher Education Personnel Improvement (CAPES), in the thematic area of ​​the Public Ministry (MP) and collectors, seeking to identify how this relationship with the National Policy takes place of Solid Waste through the action of the MP.
Method/design/approach: Law No. 12,305/2010 establishes the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). The Ministerial Guidance Guide on the closure of dumps and the social and productive inclusion of recyclable material collectors to serve as a theoretical and practical framework for the performance of members of the Public Ministry.
Results and conclusion: Bibliographic review through research in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES) and in the Brazilian Open Data Portal, with the pre-selection of titles, abstracts and keywords of 09 (nine) documents, with analysis through IRAMUTEQ.
Research implications: The software explained that the interconnection of the Public Ministry's actions between the documents is not strong, but they are very important for the consolidation of the selective collection of solid waste in the municipalities.
Originality/value: identified that in order to consolidate solid waste management through the selective collection service in the municipalities, carried out by cooperatives/associations, it requires actions by institutions with the Public Ministry.
Rancang Bangun Alat Peraga Fisika Efek Doppler Menggunakan Modul Sensor Suara dan Arduino
Authors: Aprilia Rofiatus Diana , Harijanto Alex , Subiki Subiki
Published: July 2022

Telah dilakukan perancangan alat peraga fisika efek doppler menggunakan modul sensor suara dan arduino. Alat peraga ini dirancang dari beberapa unit yaitu sensor suara FC-04 sebagai pendeteksi suara, dan sensor jarak HC-SR04 sebagai alat untuk mendeteksi jarak benda. Data yang diperoleh dari sensor akan ditampilkan melalui layar monitor laptop. Pada perancangan alat peraga fisika ini menggunakan desain pengembangan dari Nieveen, dengan tahapan-tahapannya ialah studi pendahuluan, perencanaan, dan penilaian. Sensor jarak dalam mengukur jarak memiliki tingkat kelinieran yang sangat tinggi yaitu 0,9822 %. Sedangkan untuk sensor suara dalam penelitian ini mampu mendeteksi bunyi dengan frekuensi 500 Hz sampai 3000 Hz dan memiliki tingkat kelinieran dengan alat ukur frekuensi sebesar 0,8386%. Hasil uji coba lapang yang dilakukan diperoleh nilai error terendah -4,147 % dan nilai error tertinggi sebesar 3,335 %. Selain itu, didapatkan hasil analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan nilai y = 0,9787x+1119,6 dan R Square (R2) sebesar 0,959 %.
Universidades de alta calidad en Colombia
Authors: Peréz Bonfarte Luis Alberto
Published: July 2022

En el devenir de la educación superior se destacan la expansión de las instituciones de educación superior y la generación de organismos de control. La calidad se ha erigido como el mecanismo a través del cual se procura el aseguramiento de las condiciones mínimas y la promoción de las condiciones máximas de la educación. La autonomía universitaria ha procurado ser el medio por el cual la institución procura la libertad para el desarrollo de su misión y frenar la influencia de fuerzas externas. La alta calidad de la educación superior en Colombia corresponde al proceso de evaluación externa, acreditación institucional, mediante el cual se examinan las condiciones para el desarrollo de las funciones sustantivas: docencia, investigación y proyección social. Por su parte, la autonomía universitaria corresponde al proceso mediante el cual la propia institución toma las decisiones para el desarrollo de los ámbitos académico, administrativo y financiero. La organización del libro se compone de los siguientes apartados: “Universidad y educación superior”, en el cual se trata la relación con perspectivas histórica y moderna. “Alta calidad institucional”, donde se exponen fundamentos conceptuales y operacionales asociados con la calidad en las instituciones de educación superior. “Universidad de alta calidad”, donde se presentan los casos de estudio: Universidad del Valle y Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, y se describe el proceso de la alta calidad en el marco del desarrollo institucional —Plan estratégico—. Se finaliza la presentación con un grupo de conclusiones asociadas al devenir del proceso, sus efectos y particularidades en los sectores público y privado. En suma, el libro aborda las preguntas de investigación ¿Qué es la alta calidad de la educación superior? y ¿Cómo se desarrolla la acreditación institucional de alta calidad en relación con la autonomía universitaria? en procura de avanzar en el campo de estudio y el desarrollo de la universidad colombiana, así como también motivar nuevas investigaciones.
Exploring Design Options for Wing Leading Edge Against Bird Strike
Authors: Cihan Tezel Muhammed , Yamaner Yusuf , Aziz Çoğuz Bilge , Acar Erdem
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the effects of bird strike on the wing leading edge of a trainer aircraft in accordance with the European Aviation Safety Agency’s CS-23 standards (“Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Aeroplanes,” Certification Specifications, Part 23, Occupant Physical Environment), and it compares various options for the design of energy-absorbing support structures. In this study, the bird model with hemispherical-ended cylindrical geometry is simulated using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics finite element approach. After validating the impact of the bird model on a rigid plate, a bird strike on the wing leading edge is modeled; and the results are compared with the existing experimental and simulation data available in the literature. Finally, different design options for the support structure configurations of the wing leading edge (including traditional rib design, honeycomb sandwich, triangular reinforcement, and negative Poisson ratio structures) are evaluated, and the results are compared. It is found that a honeycomb sandwich panel support structure provides the best collision and weight performance.
Can we read the universe’s book of secrets?
Authors: Tarannum Noshin , Sfyrla Anna
Published: July 2022

The Standard Model of particle physics, despite accurately describing the building-blocks of matter and their interactions, leaves some important questions unanswered. To address those, theories proposing hypothetical particles are developed. FASER, a small experiment at the CERN LHC, will search for some of them. To enhance its discovery potential, an instrument using novel high-resolution silicon sensors was just approved to be added to the experiment.
High-grade earthquakes of tectonic origin: causes and forecast (by the example of the territory of the Chechen Republic)
Authors: АБУБАКАРОВА Э.А. , ДАУКАЕВ А.А.
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена землетрясениям и сейсмичности, даны краткие сведения о становлении и развитии сейсмологии. Выделы три этапа формирования сейсмологии как науки: описательный - охватывающий вторую половину XIX, развитие сейсмологии в системе геологических наук и этап развития сейсмологии в системе физико-математических наук. Приведены отличительные особенности землетрясений от других природных катаклизмов, их классификации по различным признакам - по глубине очага, по механизму проявления и так далее. Отмечена связь землетрясений с разломно-блоковой структурой территории. Целью данной работы является представление общих сведений о землетрясениях их типах, критериях сейсмичности, и в оценке современного состояния проблемы прогноза землетрясений. Основные методы заключаются в сравнительном анализе и обобщении теоретических данных и практических проявлений землетрясений в различных регионах и др. При изучении сейсмичности региона были использованы каталоги землетрясений, фондовые материалы и изданные научные труды. На примере изучения землетрясений в разных регионах отмечено, что сейсмичность их в основном связана со структурно-тектоническими особенностями территории. На основе изучения землетрясений, произошедших в разных регионах в ХХ в. констатируется их непредсказуемость и невозможность прогнозирования их очагов, времени и силы. Вместе с тем, в дальнейшем прогноз землетрясений не исключается при постоянном мониторинге с целью выявления аномальных явлений, организации, сбора, систематизации, анализа и обработки сейсмических данных, в том числе предвестников землетрясений.
Sapropel resources of Lake Kubalakh, Yakutsk
Authors: ЖИРКОВ И.И. , ТРОФИМОВА Т.П.
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматривается результаты геологического изучения (поиска и оценки) месторождения сапропеля на участке недр «Озеро Кубалах» (38 км автодороги «Вилюй»). Выявление запасов сапропелевых отложений озера включает комплекс различных исследований, таких как геолого-гидрогеологические описание объекта исследования, зондировочное бурение, опробовательские, топографо-геодезические и лабораторные работы.Зондировочное ручное бурение проводилось со льда с целью уточнения границ месторождения, получения данных о свойствах, условиях залегания, мощностях отложений. Зондировочная сеть озера состояла из пяти поперечников при площади озера 34,89 га, расположенных параллельно через 180 метров. По поперечникам заложен пикетаж через 40 метров. На каждом пикете производилось зондирование залежи с одновременным определением мощности сапропеля, глубины воды и характера минерального дна.В результаты исследования выявлено, что в участке недр развиты зоогеново-водорослевый, смешанно-водорослевый и диатомовый виды сапропелей. Мощность отложений изменяется от 0,3 до 2,60 м, составляя в среднем 1,66 м. Основная залежь сапропели сосредоточена в северном конце озера. Агрохимические показатели сапропелевых отложений: зольность – 38,8, влажность – 80,52, органическое вещество – 30,85 %; азот общий – 0,89, оксид калия – 0,17, оксид кальция – 4,32, оксид фосфора – 0,16 % на АВС. Концентрация 9 микроэлементов-металлов, в том числе кадмия, мышьяка, ртути, свинца установлена в пределах допустимых концентраций. Исследования на 40К, 226Ra, 232Th и 137Cs показали радиологическую безопасность сапропелевых отложений озера. Бактериологические исследование сапропелей показали отсутствие возбудителей сальмонеллеза, сибирской язвы, анаэробной и синегнойной микрофлоры, патогенного протея, кишечной палочки.Подсчитанные геологические запасы сапропелей составили 525,8 тыс. м3, балансовые запасы сапропелевых отложений по категории С1 – 301,2 тыс. м3..
Regionopolization in the Far Eastern federal district: some aspects
Authors: КУЗИН В.Ю.
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматривается специфика региональных центров Дальневосточного федерального округа. Указывается на сложный и противоречивый характер его социально-экономического развития в постсоветский период. При этом отмечено явное усиление процесса регионополизации – практики доминирования в социальном и экономическом аспектах регионального центра. Влияние регионального центра далеко выходит за административную роль, формируя резко доминирующий центр – регионополис. Данный процесс понимается как спроецированный на региональный уровень более сложный процесс метрополизации. Отмечаются дефиниции и сущность последнего. На основе анализа долей некоторых статистических показателей (численность населения, инвестиции в основной капитал, наличие основных фонов организаций, ввод жилых домов, оборот розничной торговли) из сборников «Регионы России. Основные социально-экономические характеристики городов» за 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019 гг. делается вывод об усилении регионополизации во всех регионах Дальневосточного федерального округа. Это, в свою очередь, является следствием сложного процесса пространственной поляризации. Её усиление произошло вследствие возрастания факторов конкурентоспособности регионов в рыночных условиях. Отмечается очевидное противоречие в федеральном округе – фактического формирования мегарегиона (надагломерационной формы урбанизации) не за счёт усложнения экономики, новейших технологий, креативного класса, а за счёт притивизации и деградации территории, сопровождаемое пространственным сжатием. Делается вывод об объективном характере регионополизации, административное воздействие на которого потенциально опасно из-за возможных неверных управленческих решений. В то же время формирующаяся новая картина социально-экономического развития создаёт новые возможности на территории Дальневосточного федерального округа
CREATION OF INTERSPECIFIC GENOTYPES IN THE GENUS NICOTIANA WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF AUSTRALIAN WILD SPECIES N. ROSULATA DOMIN
Authors: Ларькина Н.И.
Published: July 2022

Фертильные межвидовые генотипы, созданные при использовании видов рода Nicotiana разнообразными методами и приемами культуры in vitro и полиплоидии, можно применять как исходный материал для получения гибридов устойчивых к ряду заболеваний рода. Это характерно для научно-исследовательских работ, проведенных по выращиванию фертильного генотипа Nicotiana tabacum x Nicotiana rosulata, где интересны скрещивания с участием плазмы культурного вида N. tabacum. Конечным результатом было создание растений генетическими методами и выращивание в обычных парниковых и полевых условиях фертильных генотипов, созданных с участием генома австралийского дикого вида N. rosulata, как опылителя.Новый межвидовой фертильный генотип явился базисным исходным материалом в селекции на устойчивость к заболеванию пероноспороз.

Fertile interspecific genotypes created using species of the genus Nicotiana by various methods and techniques of in vitro culture and polyploidy can be used as a starting material for obtaining hybrids resistant to a number of diseases of the genus. This is typical for research work carried out on the cultivation of the fertile genotype Nicotiana tabacum x Nicotiana rosulata, where crosses with the participation of the plasma of the cultivated plant N. tabacum are interesting. The end result was the creation and cultivation in normal greenhouse and field conditions of fertile genotypes with the participation of the genome of the Australian wild species N. Rosulata as a pollinator.The new interspecific fertile genotype was the basic starting material in breeding for resistance to the disease of peronosporosis.
In vitro Selection of an Aptamer Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Nanopore Sequence Identification Reveals Discrimination Between the Authentic Strain and Omicron
Authors: Khrenova Maria , Nikiforova Lyudmila , Grabovenko Fedor , Orlova Nadezhda , Sinegubova Maria , Kolesov Denis , Zavyalova Elena , Spiridonova Vera , Zatsepin Timofei , Zvereva Maria
Published: July 2022

DNA aptamers are oligonucleotides specifically bound to target molecules that can serve as antibodies of nucleic acid nature. For diagnosing the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), methods using antibodies specific to antigens on the virus are broadly used. We generated by classical SELEX a number of aptamers, interacting with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV2 spike protein (SARS-CoV2 Spike RBD) from Wuhan-Hu-1 strain. The sequence identification was performed using a novel methodology based on the nanopore sequencing. For sequence identification of selected aptamers, we created the novel protocol for aptamer identification based on nanopore sequencing. We identified the best aptamer candidate named MEZ. It was chemically synthesized and tested for binding with SARS CoV2 Spike RBD domain of the S-protein from different strains. Kd of the complex is 6.5 nM being comparable with known aptamers. Virus neutralization tests demonstrate similar results for already known and MEZ aptamers. We identified differences for aptamers binding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD from Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron strains. MD simulations reveal that the number of hydrogen bonds between the protein and aptamer is higher for the more stable complex. Moreover, dynamic network analysis show that the motions of the aptamer and protein are correlated to a higher extent in a more stable complex. Based on the experimental data and computational results we can conclude that the authentic RBD-aptamer complex has two specific points for interaction and the 3'-end of aptamer is responsible for strain identification. Therefore, the selected aptamer based on experimental data can be an alternative biological element for the development of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing with strain specificity and cost efficiency due to the short length of aptamer being 31 nucleotides.
Degradable Glycopolyester-Like Nanoparticles by Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization
Authors: Pesenti Théo , Domingo-Lopez Daniel , Gillon Emilie , Ibrahim Nada , Messaoudi Samir , Imberty Anne , Nicolas Julien
Published: July 2022

A small library of degradable polyester-like glycopolymers was successfully prepared by the combination of radical ring-opening copolymerization (rROP) of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) with vinyl ether (VE) derivatives, and a Pd-catalyzed thioglycoconjugation. The resulting thioglycopolymers were formulated into self-stabilized thioglyconanoparticles which were stable up to 4 months and were enzymatically degraded. Nanoparticles and their degradation products exhibited a good cytocompatibility on two healthy cell lines. Interactions between thioglyconanoparticles and lectins were investigated and highlighted the presence of both specific carbohydrate/lectin interactions and non-specific hydrophobic interactions. Fluorescent thioglyconanoparticles were also prepared either by encapsulation of Nile Red, or by the functionalization of the polymer backbone with Rhodamine B. Such nanoparticles were used to prove the cell internalization of the thioglyconanoparticles by lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells which underlined the great potential of P(CKA-co-VE) copolymers for biomedical applications
Trajectory Surface Hopping for a Polarizable Embedding QM/MM
Authors: Bondanza Mattia , Demoulin Baptiste , Lipparini Filippo , Barbatti Mario , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: July 2022

We present the implementation of trajectory surface hopping nonadiabatic dynamics for a polarizable embedding QM/MM formulation. The time-dependent density functional theory has been used as the quantum mechanical level of theory, whereas the molecular mechanics description has involved the polarizable AMOEBA force field. This implementation has been obtained by integrating the surface-hopping program Newton-X NS with an interface between the Gaussian 16 and Tinker suites of codes to calculate QM/AMOEBA energies and forces. The implementation has been tested on a photoinduced electron-driven proton-transfer reaction involving pyrimidine and a hydrogen-bonded water surrounded by a small cluster of water molecules and within a large water droplet.
Cadmium(II) Chalcogenides Stable across Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Riddle Jacqueline , Bayne Julia , Butler Ian
Published: July 2022

Background: The three cadmium(II) chalcogenides CdX (X = S, Se, Te; Cadmium with either Sulphur, Se- lenium, or Tellurium), have important applications as artists’ pigments and in the electronics industry. The purpose of this study is to assess the structural stabilities of bulk, microcrystalline samples of the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides over a wide temperature range by examining the changes that occur in their Raman spectra.

Methods: We recorded the Raman spectra of the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides from -196 °C to 500 °C on a commercial instrument equipped with a microscope and a variable-temperature stage.

Results: While the Raman spectra of all three cadmium(II) chalcogenides exhibited significant peak shifts and broadening with increasing temperature, these effects were completely reversible. There is no evidence of phase transitions, indicating structural stability.

Conclusion: Taken together, our results show that the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides are resistant to structural changes throughout the almost -700 °C temperature range investigated, thereby reinforcing their continued use in artwork and in the electronics industry.
Earth Infrared Radiation Spectra During Global Warming Hiatus
Authors: Blanchette Jeanne , Huang Yi
Published: July 2022

Background: Since 1997-98, observations of annual mean surface temperature have shown a slowdown of global temperature increases, suggesting a hiatus in global warming. Given this finding, we are interested in diagnosing trends in the Earth’s outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) spectrum throughout the last decade.

Methods: We calculated the trend in OLR measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite between 2003 and 2013, and compared these results with the trend in atmospheric and surface temperature and tropospheric absolute humidity, obtained from AIRS retrieval product and from the ECMWF (European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting) Re-Analysis (ERA) interim product. We also isolated the greenhouse effect from the OLR trend by subtracting the amount of surface radiation emitted from the total radiation received by the sounder.

Results: The OLR trend is negative in the CO2 absorption band, negative in the window spectral region, and positive in the water vapor band. The trend in surface and tropospheric temperature is negative, as is the trend in tropospheric absolute humidity. The greenhouse effect is increasing in the CO2 band, generally slightly increasing in the window region, and decreasing in the H2O band.

Conclusion: Our results show that the CO2 forcing was still present globally through the last decade, with steadily increasing effects. Contributors to the negative trend in OLR in the window region are a small decrease in surface temperature and a strong decrease in tropospheric temperature, where tropospheric H2O emit radiation to space. The decreasing effect of water vapor in the H2O band is due to decreasing tropospheric humidity. This analysis will allow us to detect the changes in greenhouse gas forcing, to examine the correlated surface temperature response, and to study changes and effects in tropospheric water vapor concentration.
Scale-Invariant Adaptation in Response to Second-Order Electro-Sensory Stimuli in Weakly Electric Fish
Authors: Zhang Zhubo , Chacron Maurice J.
Published: July 2022

Background: Natural stimuli can range orders of magnitude, and their encoding by the brain remains a central issue in neuroscience. An efficient way of encoding a natural stimulus is by changing a neuron’s cod- ing rule in tandem with changes in the stimulus. This phenomenon is called sensory adaptation. However, sensory adaptation creates ambiguity in the neural code, as different stimuli can produce the same neural response.

Methods: One way to resolve this ambiguity is to encode additional stimulus information through parallel channels. We performed in vivo extracellular recordings from pyramidal cells in two parallel maps, the lateral segment (LS) and the centro-medial segment (CMS), within the hindbrain of the weakly electric fish Aptero- notus leptorhynchus, in response to stimuli that resemble the presence of another conspecific.

Results: We found that CMS pyramidal cells generally adapted less strongly than LS cells (p<0.05). Signal detection theory confirms that the lesser degree of adaptation leads to a stronger ability to disambiguate between two input stimuli (p<0.05). In addition, the time course of adaptation in LS strictly followed a power law while that of CMS followed a power law only for a certain set of stimuli.

Limitations: The design of our study allowed for a stimulus that oscillated only between two distributions. Further studies into the hindbrain’s ability to disambiguate the adaptive code will require confusion analysis of a stimulus that changes between more distributions. For confusion studies, cells in different areas can be compared as long as they have receptive fields in similar areas.

Conclusions: Through recording from two parallel segments of the electro-sensory system in the hindbrain, we observed that different segments adapted with different strengths to similar stimuli. Different amounts of adaptation allude to a balance between the need to preserve absolute stimulus information while simul- taneously encoding a stimulus efficiently through adaptation.
Ecosystem Service Benefits of Lab-cultured and Insect Meat
Authors: Dahan Annie , Paulson Lucas , Beausejour Béatrice
Published: July 2022

Background: Population and income growth are expected to augment meat demand, and consequently, the conversion of natural ecosystems into pasture. Promising alternatives to livestock, particularly lab-cultured and insect meats, use about 1% as much land. Utilizing these technologies could reduce pasture expansion and maintain natural ecosystem service values. This paper investigates: what is the value of the ecosystem services potentially maintained by reducing agricultural expansion through the adoption of cultured and insect meat?
Methods: Total global livestock-associated agricultural expansion by 2050 was predicted using FAO livestock projections (1) multiplied by the average land-use per kilogram of meat (2) yielding 194Mha. This expansion was partitioned among ecosystems according to threat scores derived from past expansion (3). Changes to annual ecosystem service values were calculated using average global values from Costanza et al. (4) multiplied by predicted expansion per ecosystem.
Results & Conclusion: Tropical forests and east-Asia were the most threatened ecosystem and region, respectively, by both area and value. The net loss in annual ecosystem service values in 2050 due to predicted livestock-associated agricultural expansion was calculated to be $732bn/yr, translating to a NPV of $6.62tn to 2050. The potential to save such large ecosystem services value justifies increased research and promotion of these protein production methods.
Limitations: This research does not identify exact ecosystems that are both targeted by agricultural meat expansion and that yield large ecosystem benefits because it is not sufficiently spatially explicit. Thus, it should not be used as a reference for new ecosystem conservation zones.
Examining the Effects of Covered Landfills on Gas Emissions in Parc Baldwin, Montreal
Authors: Elmer Kathryn D. , Greenwald Melanie B. , Johnson Erik E.
Published: July 2022

Background: Within recent years, parks built on top of former landfills have come under scrutiny for their effectiveness at mitigating the effects of the landfill underneath. The purpose of this study is to identify the biogas emissions of converted landfills nearly a century after landfill closure.
Methods: Soil and air emissions for methane and carbon dioxide were collected at 112 sites within the North and South portions of Parc Baldwin in Montreal, Quebec, as well as the presumed boundaries of the former landfill.
Results: Overall, it was found that South Baldwin and the immediate area (previously a landfill) had a higher mean average methane concentration, as well as a greater number of sites with methane present than North Baldwin. Particular raised areas in South Baldwin showed anomalously high carbon dioxide concentrations. There was a large degree of heterogeneity between emissions at different sites.
Limitations: The Eagle 2 machine is limited to measuring only up to 5,000 ppm or 0.5% volume. Another difficulty with the variation in collection of the data is the differences in collection dates.
Conclusions: Ultimately, while South Baldwin did have higher CO2 and methane emissions compared to its counterpart, it is inconclusive whether or not this phenomenon is related to the landfill or other factors. Gas concentrations were significantly below the lower explosive limit in both parks.
CBS Domain: Its Structure, Ligand Binding, and Emerging Role in Regulation
Authors: Scarlata David
Published: July 2022

Background: Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domains are structurally conserved motifs that are present in the proteomes of species from all kingdoms of life. Signifying their importance are the hereditary diseases resulting from mutations within the CBS sequence. They are usually encoded in tandem within a plethora of non-functionally related cytosolic or transmembrane proteins, often intramolecularly dimerizing to afford what is known as a CBS pair or Bateman module. It is also known that these CBS pairs can further multimerize to form higher-order assemblies, which have functions that remain to be elucidated. Moreover, a wide range of adenosyl ligands, divalent cations and nucleic acids have been documented to bind CBS domains and induce conformational changes to the larger protein in which they reside, thus suggesting their involvement in protein regulation in response to intracellular energy status.
Methods: This review was written based on the existing data currently available in the literature and included findings from 44 papers. Selection of papers was based on those that provided up-to-date information on the structural characteristics of CBS domains and their involvement in protein regulation.
Summary: This review aims to conceptualize the architectural characteristics of CBS domains, the structural basis of ligand binding, and its involvement in the regulation of protein function.
Techniques for Surface Modification of Aqueous-Stable Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Sragovicz Hannah
Published: July 2022

Background: The iron oxide nanoparticles involved in this study are unique in their superparamagnetic properties, defined as their ability to flip the direction of their magnetic field under influence of temperature. This property has a variety of environmental and biomedical uses. Indeed, the exchange of ligands on the surface of these particles enables exploration of such applications. The purpose of this study is to determine an efficient method of ligand exchange in order to standardize the surface modification of these iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Namely, the primary methods of ligand exchange to be evaluated are shaking and sonication of reaction mixtures. As part of this method comparison, the exchange of oleic acid (OA) ligands for 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) ligands serves as a general model for method comparison. When comparing methods, both time and quantity of materials required are considered. The quality of the final product is also considered, assessed by factors such as oxidation state, colloidal stability, and extent of ligand exchange.
Methods: Three methods of ligand exchange are performed, after which their products are compared. The first method involves shaking the mixture overnight for a duration of 18 hr. The second method involves sonication for a duration of 30 min. The third method involves sonication of the reaction mixture for an additional 30 min. (duration of 60 min. in total).Results: The products were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. FT-IR measurements indicate that the one-time sonication method leads to the surface of the IONPs bearing the most residual oleic acid, a disadvantageous result. TGA analysis indicates that the twice-sonicated product is more favourable than the once-sonicated product.
Limitations: Larger data sets of FT-IR, TGA, zeta potential, and XPS must be collected before the best method may be confirmed. Zeta potential measurements must be repeated for the shaken product at a concentration that matches that of the other products. As such, a direct comparison may be made. TGA must also be repeated for the shaking product in order to eliminate possible inaccuracies. Namely, these could result from technical difficulties encountered in the measurement discussed above. While zeta potential measurements indicate that the twice-sonicated product has the highest colloidal stability, XPS measurements did not vary significantly enough between methods to suggest a most advantageous method.
Conclusion: According to the TGA and zeta potential measurements, the twice-sonicated product appears to be most favourable in terms of coverage. XPS suggests that all methods are comparable in terms of oxidation of the IONPs’ iron.
Phosphatases of Regenerating Liver (PRL) as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer
Authors: Wang Wenxuan
Published: July 2022

Background: Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL) represent a class of protein tyrosine phosphatases with oncogenic activity. PRL overexpression enhances cell proliferation, transformation, and promotes metastasis in many human cancers. Most notably, PRLs interact with a family of magnesium transporters, cyclin M (CNNM), to regulate intracellular Mg2+ levels. Thus, PRLs are attractive therapeutic targets given their role in oncogenic and tumour suppressor signaling pathways by modulating cellular growth.
Methods: Academic research articles were obtained by searching key terms in the PubMed database. This review specifically focuses on the articles that provided a comprehensive overview of PRLs, CNNMs, and small molecule inhibitors of PRLs.
Summary: This review discusses the role of PRLs in promoting cancer metastasis and explores current strategies for targeting PRL activity through the use of small molecule inhibitors. Although several potent PRL inhibitors have been discovered, improvements must be made prior to clinical applications. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of PRL inhibition is essential for developing novel therapeutic agents in cancer treatments.