bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do candidates benefit from rejecting PAC contributions? Evidence from a pre-registered candidate evaluation survey experiment
Authors: Jenkins Nicholas R. , Landgrave Michelangelo Geovanny
Published: April 2021

Do congressional candidates benefit electorally from the public's disdain of political action committees (PACs)? Despite the large sums of money given by PACs, an increasing number of candidates have sworn off corporate PAC money. In this research note we investigate whether the decision to accept or reject PAC contributions in general affects voters' evaluation of candidates and their willingness to vote for them. To test these questions, we use a pre-registered candidate evaluation survey experiment that was fielded as part of the 2020 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. We find that voters are more likely to vote for, donate to, and trust candidates that reject PAC contributions. Surprisingly, we fail to find evidence that this effect is moderated by party ID. The evidence indicates that Republican and Democratic voters alike penalize candidates that accept PAC money. This study is among the first to investigate how candidates' campaign financing choices influence their perceptions among voters.
What Influences Trust in Survey Results? Evidence from a Vignette Experiment
Authors: Stadtmüller Sven , Silber Henning , beuthner Christoph
Published: April 2021

Today, there are more survey results available than ever before. This increase in survey data is, however, accompanied by a decline in survey quality. Thus, it is more likely than in the past that citizens and politicians get a biased picture of public opinion when relying on survey results. Those misperceptions can have worrying consequences for political discourse and decision-making. With the present study, we aim to investigate to what extent the public draws on survey quality information when evaluating the trustworthiness of a survey result. To explore this research question, we implemented a vignette experiment in an online panel survey (n = 3,313) in which each respondent was confronted with four different, randomly assigned descriptions of a survey and then asked to evaluate the trustworthiness of the respective survey result. The survey descriptions varied regarding the methodological information provided (i.e., sample size, sampling method, and sample balance). The results showed that survey quality information only had a minor effect on the perceptions of trust compared to respondents’ characteristics, such as pre-existing opinions on the topic or general trust in science. Yet, trust in the survey result was significantly influenced by the sample size and sample balance, but not by the sampling method. Finally, in line with information processing theory, the relevance of survey quality information increases with the cognitive abilities of the respondent.
Development of Knowledge Test Instruments of Prospective Bachelor of Biological Education Based on TPACK and KKNI Framework
Authors: Arnan Rabia Hidayanti , Suryawati Evi , Mahadi Imam
Published: April 2021

This research is a descriptive study that aims to produce a test instrument for the knowledge of candidates for Biology Education undergraduate candidates for the Technologhy Pedagogy and Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Indonesian National Qualifications Framework. The study was a development with plomp models conducted at the stage of development. Data collection was done by validation and testing. Validation aims to look at the alignment of experts' opinions, while testing serves to see the handling of the problem by analyzing the test results. Data obtained from test results analysis using rasch modelling with the help of the winstep software. The results of the analysis are in the form of the value of reliability, unidimensionality, level of difficulty, distinguishing power, distractor and person - item map. The results showed that the number of valid questions was 63 items, the number of questions that were invalid or not accepted was 17 items. Invalid questions must be followed up in order to produce a good knowledge test instrument so that it can be used in measuring the mastery of TPACK for prospective teachers and biology teachers.
The Effect of Guided Inquiry and Modified Free Inquiry on The Critical Thinking of VII Class Students of SMP Negeri 25 Pekanbaru
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Wulandari Sri , Suryawati Evi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of guided inquiry models and modified free inquiry on critical thinking in the classification of living things. This research was conducted at SMPN 25 Pekanbaru. The research was carried out in the form of an experiment. The study population was class VII. The sample was taken using simple random sampling technique, which consisted of 3 classes, namely the experimental class 1 using the guided inquiry model, the experimental class 2 using the modified free inquiry model and the control class using the conventional method. The research design used a pretest and posttest control group design. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA test (one way ANOVA). Based on the result data, the average critical thinking result of the classification of living things with an average value of the experimental class 1 is 77.84 (good), the experimental class 2 is 70.93 (good) and the control class is 43.29 (poor). In the experimental class class 1, the critical thinking average is higher than the experimental class 2 and the control class. Based on the results of the ANOVA test, it was stated that the use of guided inquiry models and modified free inquiry had a significant effect on students' critical thinking in the experimental class 1, the experimental class 2 and the control class with a significant value (0.000) <alpha (0.05).
The Effect of the Application of the 5E Learning Cycle Model on Mathematical Communication Skills in Junior High School Students
Authors: Susanti Putri Aulia , Hutapea Nahor Murani , Saragih Sehatta
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by the low students mathematical communication skills. To overcome this problem is by improving the learning process that provides opportunities for students. One of them is by applying the 5E Learning Cycle model. The 5E Learning Cycle model is a series of activities so that students can master the competencies achieved in learning by taking an active role, directed to seek and discover new knowledge themselves. The research is to investigate the impact of the application of Learning Cycle 5E on mathematical communication skills in terms of overall, ability level and, interaction between learning model and ability level. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest post-test control design. The results of data analysis show that the mathematical communication skills of students who learn using the 5E learning cycle model are better than students with conventional learning. For students mathematical communication skills at the moderate level, the 5E learning cycle model is better, but not better for high and low levels. There is no interaction between the learning model and ability level of mathematical communication skills.
Application of LGBT-themed Socios Scientific Issue Reference Books to Improve Students Knowledge in Senior High Schools
Authors: Meilianti Dasni Elsa , Yustina Yustina , Suwondo Suwondo
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the increase in students' knowledge through the application of reference books based on socio-scientific issues with the theme of LGBT (Lesbi, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) which have been developed previously and integrated into the reproductive system material in class XI humans. The research was conducted at SMA PGRI Pekanbaru. The method used in this research was a Research and Development. Sources of research data came from 50 Class XI MIPA students. Research design was One group pretest posttest only. Data collection obtained from the pretest and posttest results of students' knowledge. The results showed that the students' knowledge had increased in the posttest results from 52.8 to 86.7 with a relatively high increase (N-Gain 0.71). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that reference books based on socio-scientific issues with the LGBT theme can be used as additional biology learning media in high school on reproductive system material.
The Effect of Using Problem Based Learning Student Worksheet Model to Build Mathematical Problem Solving Ability for Class VIII Junior High School Students
Authors: Nurfadilla Nurfadilla , Yuanita Putri , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of using student worksheet (LKPD) based on the Problem Based Learning model on the mathematical problem solving abilities of students of class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Pangean. This type of research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest – posttest control group design. The population was all students of SMP Negeri 2 Pangean Indonesia in the 2019/2020 school year. Sampling method was using random sampling technique. Based on the results of data analysis, the posttest mean score in the experimental class was 85.45 and the average value in the control class was 54.5, meaning that the average value of the experimental class was higher than the control class. The two-mean difference test using the t test was significant (2-tailed) 0.000 <α = 0.05, which means that the posttest score of students 'mathematical problem solving abilities was different from the average posttest score of students' mathematical problem solving abilities. which uses scientific learning. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of the Problem Based Learning model on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.
SMART growth economic development strategy for associations of territorial communities
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Kormishkin Yu.
Published: April 2021

The article explores the essence of strategic planning for united territorial communities. The list of the main problems that arise in communities during their functioning is given. It is justified that for the economic development of united territorial communities it is necessary to use the strategy of economic development SMART growth, or in other words the strategy of smart / intellectual growth. The principles of application of the SMART growth strategy are revealed, the stages of its development and advantages for UTC(United territorial community) are determined. Keywords: united territorial communities, development, intellectual development, strategic planning, strategy.
Estimation and modeling of the influence of weather and climatic conditions on the yield of winter wheat
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Mohylnytska A. , Panfilova A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the agro-climatic conditions of winter wheat cultivation under different feed options in Ukraine. It gives a detailed analysis of the air temperature change, precipitation, relative humidity and their mixed effect on winter wheat productivity for each phase of field crop development, as well as changes in climate fertility and crop efficiency in the modern climate period (2012-2016). The main sample characteristics of the interaction results of wheat varieties are found and the multifactor regression of yield dependence on hydrometeorological factors is formed. Keywords: yield, agroclimatic conditions; winter wheat; regression; correlation.
Apple iPhone: A Market Case Study
Authors: Van De Vliert Daylin
Published: April 2021

Founded in 1976, Apple inc. quickly became one of the biggest companies in the world. Throughout the years, Apple has been apart of the technology market where there has been an exponential amount of opportunities and threats. This market case study aims to determine how Apple can target such opportunities to help predict future trends and influences over the market. To identify these trends and market influences, I have first conducted an environmental scan of Apple’s current and future market(s). Then I described Apple’s fundamental psychological and sociocultural consumer behaviors. And finally, I identified Apple’s target market, how they have chosen to segment and the demographics and geographics within Apple’s largest target segments. As a result of successfully identifying trends in the past, Apple continues to impress with its globally known brand name and customer base/market. However, Apple must continue to identify future opportunities to stay relevant in the ever-advancing technological market. This analysis of the marketing context suggests Apple may need to re-position its iPhones to maintain its leading position in the marketplace.
Zybert Cosmology
Authors: Zybert Josef
Published: April 2021

The crisis and the 40+ anomalies in Cosmology have been resolved, not by new Physics but by a new physical paradigm of the universe.
Relações entre hábitos alimentares e aspectos anatômicos dos estômagos de animais domésticos – breve revisão de literatura
Authors:   Centro Universitário Facol, Carvalho Maria Priscila da Silva , Albuquerque Priscilla Virgínio de ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Mesquita Emanuela Polimeni de ,   Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Leite Ana Greice Borba ,   Centro Universitário Facol
Published: April 2021

This literature review addresses the morphological variations in the stomach of domestic animals by associating them with their diet. The stomach is an important organ located between the esophagus and the small intestine. It is an enlarged portion of the digestive system, where partial digestion occurs, as well as absorptive processes and secretion of hormones and enzymes. The organ has great diversity among mammals, this condition being associated with the eating habits assumed by the representatives of the class. Scientific articles and books on anatomy, histology, veterinary medical clinic, animal management and nutrition were used as a basis for textual structuring of this work. The stomach can be classified as unicavitary, when it consists of a single saculiform dilation, being described in carnivores as the dog and the cat, herbivores as the horses and omnivores as the pigs. The latter two being characterized by a glandular and aglandular stomach lining, while in the first two the lining tissue is entirely glandular. The stomach is said to be pluricavitary, when it is formed by compartments, as in ruminants, in which the constituent chambers are predominantly aglandular, being a glandular one. Knowledge of the subject in question is of great relevance, especially for veterinarians, so that these professionals can effectively identify possible changes that may affect the stomach, favoring the care of sick animals.
Shokpartas: a New Eneolithic Site in Central Saryarka
Authors:   E.A. Buketov University of Karaganda, Karaganda, Varfolomeev V.V. , Merts V.K. ,   Toraighyrov University, Merts I.V. ,   Toraighyrov University
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with Eneolithic materials of the settlement Shokpartas, which is located on the right side of the mountain range with the same name as the Taldy River in the Central Saryarka. The main archaeological complex of the monument belongs to the late bronze age and contains materials of the BegazyDandybai (Sargarin-Alexeyev) culture, which is part of the common culture of roller ceramics. In 2018, part of an earthen type dwelling was investigated in the settlement. In the cultural layer of the settlement, together with Sargary utensils, were found flaked stone tools and several fragments of pottery with Neolithic appearance. Stratigraphically, it is impossible to separate these two complexes since the early layer is destroyed by later structures. The stone industry of the Eneolithic period is represented by 526 items, among which there are nuclei, bifaces, flakes, and scrapers. They are made of typical local siliceous rocks. A special feature of the collection is the absence of small arrowheads with a notch in the base, which are markers of Eneolithic complexes of the steppe zone. The presence on the monument of remnants of blanks of nuclei, a large amount of broken stone, production waste, allow us to consider it as a storage- workshop for the primary processing of stone. According to the typology of some tools, the raw materials and manufacturing techniques, the materials are found analogical to in the Eneolithic layer 1a of the Shiderty 3 site, as well as in the synchronous monuments of Northern Kazakhstan and Turgai. The stone industry of Shokpartas is associated with a small number of ceramics decorated with «false textiles» with the method of “pulling through «and «combing». This kind of ceramics have similarities with those found in locals, in the South-Western Kulunda, the Upper Irtysh region and in the Middle Trans-Urals. However, «false-textile» ceramics in General are not typical in Saryarka while mainly prevails on the right Bank of the Irtysh in complexes of the Borly 4 type. The age of the artifacts is determined based on stratigraphic observations of the occurrence of stone industries of a similar type at the stratified site of Shiderty 3 and is supplemented by radiocarbon analysis of Eneolithic complexes in Kazakhstan. Based on this, the early materials of the Shokpartas settlement can be tentatively dated within the second half of the IV-turn of the IV-III Millennium BC, assuming a relatively late age within the epoch. It is difficult to clearly determine their cultural affiliation, which is due to the lack of knowledge of the Eneolithic of Central Kazakhstan, so at this stage of problem, Shokportas materials can only be considered within the Ust-Narym-Shiderty circle of monuments, which tends to the Irtysh Region.
The Effect Application of Low Intensity Pulse Ultra Sound on Wounds Healing and Angiogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Rat Model
Authors: Susilo Budi , Cahya Yustisia Hasan  , Bambang Dwi Raharjo  , Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih
Published: April 2021

Wound healing disorder are often found in people with diabetes mellitus. Low Intensity Pulse Ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy was developed to accelerate the wound healing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of LIPUS on wound closure and angiogenesis after skin excision in rats model diabetes mellitus type 2.Twenty-four Sprague dawley rats that match the inclusion criteria were made into type 2 diabetes mellitus by injecting Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin, then devided into six group: DM3, DM7, DM14, DML3, DML7, DML14, with 4 rats each. All rats were made excision wound with punch biopsy in the back area. DML group receive LIPUS therapy in the wound area (frequency 3 MHz, intensity 0,5 W/cm 2 , duty cycle 20%, duration 3 minutes every day) for three days (DML3), seven days (DML7) and fourteen days (DML14). Wound area was measured and the tissue was staineing with hematoksciline eiosin to observe the density of angiogenesis.Two Way ANOVA used to to analyze the differences in the variable wound area and angiogenesis density, Post Hoc LSD to analyze the differences in variables between groups and the day of observation, showed the area of the wound in the DML was lower than in the DM group significant on day 3 and 7, whereas the density of the angiogenesis in DML group was higher than DM group significant on day 7 and 14. The Pearson test showed a correlation between the wound closure and the angiogenesis density (p = 0,000; r = -0,785). Conclusion: LIPUS therapy accelerate wound closure on day 3 and 7and increase the density of angiogenesis on day 7 and 14.
Después de Trump: ¿volver a la normalidad?
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Santa Cruz Arturo
Published: April 2021

Opinión invitada
The Race Warfare and the United States Justice System
Authors: Stober Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Let us think for a moment, the United State is home to 5% of the world population, but 28% of the world’s prisoners. That is more than one out of four human beings in the world, with their hands-on bars, shackled, and locked up in the land of the free. Ninety-seven percent of this incarcerated people never had a trial. So as public support for criminal justice reform continues to build, it is now more important than ever that we get the facts straight and understand the big picture. With a much-needed clarity in crime rate and justice’s system, this empirical analysis will be digging deep into available data to offer some much-needed clarity by piecing together the United States’ disparate system of confinement. The study emphasizes the need to understand how 2.52 million people ended up in jails or prison and why the majority of those people are poor, and also brown and black.  In the end, the reform of the criminal justice system is not about whether or not black lives matters, but it is about changing the way United States understands human dignity.
Revealing The Other Sides of Syaikh al-Nafzawi's Eroctic Anecdotes
Authors: Lesmana Maman
Published: April 2021

Al-Rawd al-‘Atir fi Nuzhat al-Khatir (The Perfumed Garden of Sensual Delight), by  Syaikh Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Nafzawi, a Muslim philosopher from  Tunisia, has not yet been published in a complete version by any publishers in the Arabic countries since the end of the 15th Century due to the fact that this book is considered sluttish. The Arabians’ opinions regarding this book are varied. Some appreciate the writer’s honesty and openness, due to describing personal matters, such as a sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. Others are disappointed because of its popular writing styles and poor marketing interests. Some others criticize the ways of medical matters in the text although the suggestions in the text are not imaginary ones. This paper analyzes the book from its other aspects, i.e. its form and types of anecdotes. This paper found out that the anecdotes of al-Nafzawi tend to fictive and this fact leads us not to use the book as the reference for sex education. In additions, the story of the book describes the vulgar sexual intercourse more than sex education itself. This can be considered a sluttish story.
Religious Consciousness in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Authors: Nganshi Amungwa Veronica , Nkengasong John Nkemngong
Published: April 2021

The paper examines religious consciousness in the modernist novels of Joseph Conrad’s 1902 Heart of Darkness and James Joyce’s 1916 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man with the objective of illustrating that though these writers apparently rejected the Catholic faith, they were still spiritually conscious and were thus able to detect and question religious values that were repressive. This consciousness is enriched by autobiographical elements prompted by the nihilism of the early twentieth century. Although Heart of Darkness is a colonial novel and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man traces the development of a potential artist, both converge on the critique of religious hypocrisy and injustice. Using the concepts of psychobiography, the conscious and unconscious of the Psychoanalytic theory as well as the concept of nihilism of the Modernist theory, the paper demonstrates that both Conrad and Joyce effectively make a critique of religion by the inclusion of various aspects of their real life experiences in their novels. They do this not to reject religion per se but for its reformation. In other words, the religious views of the protagonists in both works reflect those of their authors.  Both authors portray not what is dominantly fictional but what they were a part of.  This paper’s significance is its projection of the notion that it is the exploration of religious consciousness from an autobiographical perspective that gives the British modernist novel its strength and major difference. Conrad and Joyce demonstrate that without sincerity, justice, restraint, controlled freedom and mutual respect, the individual and society degenerate. Literature serves as a fabric of culture with the writer as the voice of conscience.
Vulnerability of the Poor and Non-poor Households: A Case Study of Neboda West Grama Niladhari Division of Dodangoda Divisional Secretariat in Sri Lanka
Authors: M. A. Shantha Wijesinghe
Published: April 2021

Poverty is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon with many forms and causes. It is normally measured quantitatively by using income criterion. But understanding poverty only in terms of income criterion can misrepresent its nature and underlying causes. It is a much broader and deeper issue of deprivation mainly associated with both quantitative and qualitative aspects. It is essential to place considerable values on both quantitative and qualitative aspects in understanding poverty. Thus, vulnerability is one of the criteria which is used to understand poverty in these two aspects.  Vulnerability is a constant companion of material and human deprivation, given the circumstances of the poor and the near-poor or non-poor. It means the probability of being exposed to a number of risks. It is generally accepted that poor people are more vulnerable in various circumstances than non-poor people due to many reasons. Thus, this paper attempts to analyse the nature of vulnerability of the poor and non-poor households and the root causes leading to their level of vulnerability. For this purpose, Neboda West Grama Niladhari Divison of Dodangoda Divisional Secretariat in Sri Lanka was selected for the study. A sample of fifty households was selected for the study by following stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire and the in-depth interviews were used for data gathering. In order to examine whether there is a significant difference between poor and non-poor households regarding quantitative aspects of vulnerability, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. For analysing qualitative aspects of vulnerability relating to these two groups absolute and percentage values were used. As the findings, this study disclosed that there is a significant difference between poor and non-poor households regarding vulnerability.  As its quantitative aspects income and its variability and as the qualitative aspects ownership to physical assets, education, income diversification, links to networks, safety nets and access to credit market significantly vary between these two groups by confirming significant difference of the ability to face adverse shocks.
Financial Literacy in Millennials
Authors: Murarka Latika , Oates Karen Kashmanian
Published: April 2021

The main goals for this project include are to find out the current knowledge of teens (14-20) with regard to financial literacy, to create a survey from which external information can be gathered and to analyze the results and observations of this survey, and thus make recommendations to financial and educational institutions. The goal of teaching financial literacy to teens is to reach them with relevant information they can really use in life now and in the future. This can be extended to financial decision making later as they enter adulthood. It’s useful to center instruction around important upcoming life events such as college decisions, budgeting on a tight budget, use of credit and debit cards and learning how to save and invest in the future. This also includes managing personal finance in college, especially if they decide to go to a foreign country. In this research project we will investigate the knowledge base teenagers have regarding money management and decision making. As a base we will use one of the largest financial services surveys for financial literacy created by the National Financial Educators Council. The goal of this project is to create a list of 30 questions derived from the most appropriate national surveys and administer it to more than 50 individuals, ages 14-20. The key insights included that 71.2% respondents did not consider themselves financially literate. It was clearly visible that respondents lacked knowledge on topics such as inflation, credit score and insurance. Moreover, 78.8% of respondents have not taken any class/course in financial literacy. The report concludes with recommendations to both financial institutions and educational institutions to increase specific areas of financial literacy.
The Impact of Leadership Styles on the Job Satisfaction of Employees in a Garment Factory of Sri Lanka
Authors: M. A. Shantha Wijesinghe
Published: April 2021

Job satisfaction is a common but important theme discussed at organizational level. It refers to the attitude and feelings that the people have about their work. Main concern of every organization is to maintain the satisfaction of the employees so that the organizational goals can be achieved successfully. Job satisfaction of the employees can be determined by many factors. Among them, leadership style followed by the leaders is also one of the important factors. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people.Many scholars have addressed the impact of leadership styles on the job satisfaction of employees in different manner. But, literature on this topic in the context of Sri Lanka has not sufficiently developed. There are only few studies covered the subject of leadership in Sri Lanka particularly limiting to few sectors. Therefore, this study attempts to fill that gap of the knowledge by addressing how leadership styles affect job satisfaction of the employees, particularly in a garment factory in Sri Lanka. Methodologically, deductive testing theory approach was followed by this study. Theory was developed by the literature based on the pilot study.  As the pilot study confirmed that three major leadership styles such as democratic, autocratic and transactional style are followed by the leaders, the impact of these three styles on the job satisfaction of employees were examined by giving a questionnaire to a stratified random sample of 60 employees. Basic hypothesis of the study was that the transactional leadership style should be the most significant in determining the job satisfaction according to human nature. But the outcome of this study confirmed that the impact of democratic style was statistically more significant than autocratic and transactional styles by rejecting the initial hypothesis.
An Assessment on the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Marawi as Perceived by Agency Representatives and IDPs
Authors: Sarangani Abdul Fatah
Published: April 2021

The major concern of this study is the assessment on the current reconstruction and rehabilitation of Marawi based on the perception of agencies representatives and especially the internally displaced persons after 5-month battle against the ISIS-inspired Maute Group. This study had 221 IDP key informants and employed cross-sectional survey as research design and simple random sampling through house-to-house basis of interview using a self-structured questionnaire as a tool for data gathering. The results revealed that respondents have positively perceived that government is doing its best effort and has given much attention to complete the rehabilitation. Thus, rehabilitation program has specific direction. Also, respondents perceived that corruption of funds can greatly affect the implementation of the program while insufficient numbers of personnel and lack of advanced technologies can slow down the rehabilitation and reconstruction process. It was also revealed that respondents feel the sense of security and safety in the provided shelters and families of 6 members are fit enough to it. Thus, respondents demonstrate satisfaction on the effectiveness of shelters as well as its location. Lastly, respondents have faced problems in the temporary shelters such as lack of health facilities and health personnel and no livelihood program being provided for them. On a final note, the rehabilitation and reconstruction process of the government is behind on track and people are gradually losing trust as a result of overdue delay. Recommendation of this study stressed out to religiously employ the participatory approach and efficiently implement the blueprinted plan for Marawi to effectively expedite the rehabilitation, thus trust and confidence of people towards government will not be disregarded.
The Relationship Between Ageist Attitudes and Body Image in Women
Authors: Bhatia Sangeeta , Singh Ananya
Published: April 2021

This study aims to understand the relationship between ageist attitudes and body image concerns across women in three different age groups namely; young adults (17 to 21 years), middle aged adults (40 to 49 years) and older adults (60 to 82 years). Two scales, measuring body image and ageism, were administered on a sample of 48 women (N=48) with 16 women in each aforemen-tioned category. The results indicated that women in the older category experienced the highest body image concerns, followed by middle aged and young adults respectively. Attitudes to-wards ageism were assessed based on various dimensions. Ageist attitudes were moderate on most dimensions except for direct prejudice to age in young adults; ‘Social distance’ in middle aged adults  and ‘Stereotype content associated with age categories’ in middle aged adults as well as older adults.  The study has implications for understanding the status of depression, low self-esteem and other co-morbid variables as related to ageism. No significant relationship was found between ageist attitudes and body image.
A Commonsense Resolution to the Issue of Determinism versus Rational Agency (aka, free-will)
Authors: Reid Larry
Published: April 2021

This brief is an essay providing newer perspectives than the traditional (often religiously oriented) and modern scholarship on free-will versus determinism.  The essay’s scope is confined to biological life on Earth and does not address how the chaos and randomness of the universe had come to have organized planets and suns. Among the issues raised is that willfulness is not free, rather a cost. The assertion is made that the agency allowing humanity to make changes deviating from what the past had wrought is the evolved linguistic skills to communicate first with words, then signs, then with sentences and then exchanging information in paragraphs allowing discussions about how to modify the way being lived which, in turn, led to actions and feedback on the value of their actions, hence progress.
Question Formation Problems Encountered by Students of English as a Foreign Language: A Case Study
Authors: Mohammed Fatima Elnaeem
Published: April 2021

This study aims at identifying the problems that face Sudanese university students in forming questions for communicative purposes in the English language; It is an investigation of the difficulties the students find in constructing questions correctly and accurately. Types of errors were analyzed on different linguistic levels. The results have shown that the area of confusion includes the use of the verb ‘be’, present and past tense, parts of speech and word order. The methodology used in this study was based on the students' feedback; linguistic analysis of the questions they formed. The main findings proved that the students face difficulties in forming questions resulting from the fact that their first language has a significant influence on learning English as a foreign language in general and forming questions in particular.
Sex Offender Characteristics: Analysis Based on a Sample of Hungarian Prisoners
Authors: Somogyvari Mihaly
Published: April 2021

The present study introduces the differences in sex offender groups primarily from the perspective of prison, focusing on the attributes that determine placement, safety, and the conditionality of therapeutic programs. The study is primarily based on the risk analysis and registration database of the Hungarian Prison Service. The result of the study is that perpetrators of sexual abuse against children, and perpetrators of sexual assault against adults showed significant differences in each reintegration needs and in-prison risks, including their background and childhood, in-prison and out-of-prison vulnerability, integration issues, suicide risk, and other areas. Those who abuse children show a unique picture different from all other groups of offenders, while violent sex offenders targeting adults show similarities in most areas to violent offenders in the control group.
Management of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage on Anticoagulant Regiment: A Literature Review
Authors: Apriawan Tedy , Kartosen Ade Anugrah , Ishlahy Ahmad Z. S. , Broto Endang Pati , Herjuna Hana Ranu , Permana Khrisna Rangga , Meizikri Rizki , Drehem Shaleh , Bajamal Abdul Hafid
Published: April 2021

Oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet are often prescribed in clinical practice. These drugs are mainly consumed by geriatric patients to prevent or treat cerebrovascular, systemic embolism, or heart condition.  Managing anticoagulated TBI patients is a challenging task for surgeons. This study aims to review available literatures regarding anticoagulated TBI patients and to suggest a treatment algorithm for such cases. Based on several retrospective and prospective studies, it might be wasteful to do a routine follow-up CT scan on anticoagulated TBI patients. The risk of new lesion development or presenting lesion progression seems to be especially low among patients with negative initial CT scan. We suggest to reserve repeat CT scan for patients with evident neurological deterioration. Tighter observation for anticoagulated patients with positive initial CT scan might be useful. Anticoagulation reversal is recommended by the American College of Cardiology, but some studies reported that reversal should be directed by INR. Acute antiplatelet cessation is still controversial for aspirin, but it is advised for clopidogrel. Preoperative management of both anticoagulant and antiplatelet should take into account the bleeding risk of the surgical procedure. Blind cessation and reversal of anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet might delay the timing of surgery and thus would better be avoided
Body Mass Index and Albumin Level In Severe Preeclampsia Conservative Treatment Cases
Authors: Winarko Esmond , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Background : Severe preeclampsia is an obstetrical problem and one of the leading cause of death in obstetric. Conservative treatment for severe preeclampsia is a complicated and risky choice, but still a considerable option to achieve a better fetal outcome. Many factors that influence the results of conservative management are complex and still very much controversial. Objective: To study the BMI and albumin level of severe preeclampsia patients who underwent conservative management in dr. Soetomo General Hospital obstetric ward in 2018 – 2019. Method: This is a descriptive cross sectional study, where the data are obtained from morning reports, obstetric ward registry and dr. Soetomo General Hospital medical record during 2018 – 2019. Results: The total conservative cases were 51 in 2018 and 69 in 2019. The majority of the patients were 20-34 years old, multigravida, non-booked cases, Javanese ethnicity, and addressed in Surabaya. Most of them were obese (with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) with similar BMI distribution in the successful and unsuccessful conservative management groups. Most of our patients had albumin level below 3,5 g/dl. The majority of the patients were terminated by caesarean section with the fetal outcome mostly weighed less than 2000 g. Conclusion: The majority of the patients treated conservatively were 20-34 years old, multigravida, non-booked cases, Javanese ethnicity, and addressed in Surabaya. Most of the patients have BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and albumin levels below 3,5.
Identification of Leptospira Bacteria in Human Urine According to Islamic View
Authors: Satryanto Muslimin Budiman , Widiyanti Dian , Karimulloh Karimulloh
Published: April 2021

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by pathogenic organisms belong to the genus Leptospira, which are transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans. Most countries in the Southeast Asia regions are endemic for leptospirosis. The incidence of leptospirosis is strongly influenced by various socio-cultural, occupational, behavioral, and environmental factors. The amount of risk depends on the prevalence of Leptospira in the local area and the frequency of exposure. One of the tests to confirm the diagnosis of leptospirosis is by isolating Leptospira bacteria with culture and molecular examination of a person's body fluid specimens such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine. To identify Leptospira bacteria in leptospirosis cases in humans, urine samples can be used. This examination is the development of methods used in medical science to diagnose leptospirosis. One of the verses in the Qur’an regarding science is "He is the One Who created everything in the earth for you. Then He turned towards the heaven, forming it into seven heavens. And He has ˹perfect˺ knowledge of all things.” (Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 29). From this verse, it can be concluded that Allah SWT created something on this earth, including urine in it, with the intent and purpose for all of His creation, so that his servants understand and worship Allah SWT and carry out their obligations as caliphs on this earth. According to the Islamic view, identification of Leptospira bacteria in the urine of workers is permissible because science and religion are related.
Da'wah Through Thinking Skills According to The Perspective of The Quran
Authors: Tengku Jamil Tengku Husna , Abd Khafidz Hasanah , Osman Khazri
Published: April 2021

Spreading da'wah is not easy. The process requires physical, mental and piety to Allah SWT. The spread of da'wah requires a specific uslub (method) that depends on the number and ability of the audience. Mastering the Uslub requires a high level of thinking and creativity in order to deliver da'wah effectively. In the context of this study, the research will focus on five concepts of thinking that are based on the Quran, namely tadabbur, tafakkur, tafaqquh, ta'aqqul, and tadzakkur. Through the method of document analysis, the researcher will analyse the most suitable da’wah approach according to the five discussed terms. The results of studying these five terms are important for dā‘īys so that the delivered da’wah is more transparent, fast, and acceptable. The research is expected to expose the dā‘īy to stimulate themselves to think using the appropriate approach for each target audience.
Islam in Eggonland: A Survey of Its Development and Prospects
Authors: Sule Muhammad Maga , Yahaya Atiku Garba
Published: April 2021

Little has so far been discussed or written about Islam and Muslims in Eggonland. This is in marked contrast to other ethnic groups in the state which share similar characteristics being a Muslim community that attracted attention from scholars of either Muslim or non-Muslim. The aim is paper is to ascertain the Islam in Eggonland Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. It has been found that unlike the Erro Eggon clan which have almost 97% of its population being Muslims, Muslim population are not many as that of the Eggon Erro especially among the Anzo, Eholo clan, and it is only in communities that belong to Eggon Erro that large proportion of Muslims communities are found. This paper attempts to provide the much-lacking information on the spread and development of Islam in Eggonland. The paper discussed the coming of Islam, the means through which Islamization process took place and the establishment of Muslim communities in Eggonland, it also shows to the world true picture of Islam among the Eggon people. Detail attention has been given to the factors which contributed to the spread of Islamic teachings in Eggonland including the role of Muslim scholars, both within and outside Eggonland, Muslim organisations, etc. Equally important in this paper is the contributions of Muslim organizations in the development of Islamic education in Eggonland where schools that combine both Islamic and Western education were established. The paper sum up that, the prospects of Islam lies in the devotion of young generation to the learning of Islamic knowledge in Eggonland with the establishment of formal Islamic schools that produces Da’is who can speak the Eggon language fluently. The paper adopted qualitative methodology and desk review where In-depth Interview were conducted with few personalities to obtain data for the research.
Intervention Models in Arabic Vocabulary Proficiency in The J-Qaf Program Among Primary School Pupils
Authors: Abu Zahrin Syaidatun Nazirah , Hashim Hasnurol , Abu Bakar Kaseh , Ahmad Maheram , Mohamad Ab Halim
Published: April 2021

Purpose – Arabic acquisition is the main element that has to be mastered by pupils in order to attain proficiency in the Arabic Language. A total of 600 words should be mastered in the j-QAF program. Nevertheless, mistakes in the vocabulary enrichment aspect, as well as its Arabic spelling often occur. The j-QAF program is a new education initiative introduced by the Ministry of Education (MOE) under the Islamic Education Section (IES) that was formerly known as the Department of Islamic and Moral Education (IMED). Hence, this research is to show the extent of the proficiency level of the pupils in Arabic vocabulary enrichment acquired through the j-QAF program in aspects such as spelling, word meaning knowledge and usage in sentences. This study will also introduce the vocabulary enrichment teaching intervention model which has been proved effective in regard to the Arabic language vocabulary enrichment aspect. 
 
Methodology – An Arabic vocabulary enrichment mastering test covering the three aspects was administered to 120 standard 3 pupils in the district of Klang, Selangor. A total of 360 answer scripts were received and analysed. In addition, a set of questionnaires for pupils and Arabic teachers were also distributed to further strengthen the researched data.
Findings – The study shows that the percentage of grade A, B and C passes in the Arabic-spelling aspect was 100 percent, knowledge of meaning aspect was 84 percent and the usage of words in sentences aspect was 63 percent. Other than that, the results of the Arab language teachers' questionnaire reported that the proficiency of the primary school pupils has a significant impact on the learning of the Arabic language.
Significance – Innovation in teaching of Arabic and language and spread of religious studies especially Quranic studies and Hadith and also related studies.
The Effect of Liquidity and Profitability on the Capital Structure as the Moderator Variable of Subsector Retail Companies Listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Hantono Hantono
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to prove and to analyze the effect of liquidity and profitability on the capital structure as the moderator variable of the subsector retail companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period of 2011-2015. The population in this research are the listed 16 companies. Using purposive sampling, 10 out of 16 companies are selected as the sample of this research. The data used in this research is secondary data by gathering the necessary information from idx such as the financial report in 2011-2015. The methods that are used in this research to analyze the correlation between the independent variable and dependent variable are multiple regression and assumption testing. In conclusion, it is shown that simultaneously, using f test, independent variables; Cash Turnover and Company Size effect the Return on Assets accordingly with the Debt to Equity Ration as the moderator variable. Partial research result using t test shows that Cash Turnover and Company size effect the Return on Assets partially with Debt of Equity as the moderator variable.