bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaft resistance capacity of axially loaded piles in cohesive-frictional soils under static or pseudo-static conditions based on ground parameters
Authors: Pantelidis Lysandros
Published: August 2022

According to the current practice, the unit shaft resistance of piles based on ground parameters is calculated with the the α-method or the β-method, for total or effective stress conditions respectively. Indeed, these two methods are included in the prEN1997-3:2021 draft standard. And while the physics behind these methods is adequate for calculating the shaft resistance of piles in clays and sands for total and effective stress analysis respectively, the main difficulty in applying the effective stress approach in clays is to estimate the radial effective stress acting on the pile. In the present paper this is addressed by a proposed earth pressure at-rest coefficient, applicable to cohesive-frictional soils and both horizontal and vertical pseudo-static conditions. Comparison examples show excellent agreement of the analytically derived shaft resistance capacities with the respective numerical ones. Regarding seismic conditions it is noted that, for the case of axially loaded piles the horizontal component of the seismic excitation does not affect the shaft resistance capacity of piles, while the vertical component could be neglected as acting favorably. Finally, it is mentioned that the proposed method is a general c-φ procedure, applicable also for purely cohesive and cohesionless soils.
Hospital bed capacity across in Tunisia hospital during the first four waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive analysis
Authors: miled slimane ben , borgi chiraz , somrani naoufel , hsairi mohamed , kebir amira
Published: August 2022

Background: On March 11, 2020, WHO announced that the COVID-19 epidemic had passed the pandemic stage, indicating its spread over several continents. Tunisia's containment and targeted screening strategy corresponded to the first WHO guidelines. Since then, public health policy has been more flexible and focused on the management of hospital beds. Objective: Our aims are to analyze bed occupancies for public hospitals and the time delay response from the health care system in regard to the epidemiological situation. Methods: We have analyzed the evolution of daily cases in relation to the different NPI actions undertaken by the Tunisian Government between March 2019 and February 2022 using the CoMo model. We have also studied the flexibility of the O2 and ICU public hospital bed occupancies. We have used three distinct indices to assess this flexibility: the Ramp Duration Until the Peak (RDUP), which measures the duration of the wave/bed allocation effort. The Ramp Growth Until the Peak (RGUP), measures the peak height, and Ramp Rate Until the Peak (RRUP) measures the growth rate of the wave. Also, in order to evaluate the government response efficacy, we have calculated the time delay at the start (resp. at peak) of each two wave. Results: 1. The evolution of the epidemic in Tunisia was divided into two phases, the first of which corresponded to the initial wave, during which the pandemic was controlled due to very strong NPI actions. The second phase was distinguished by a progressive relaxation of measures and an increase in wave intensity. 2. ICU bed availability has followed the demand for beds, while ICU bed occupancy has always been higher than 85% with a maximum of 97%. 3. In terms of bed distribution, the government's response was slow (9.4 days for the 02 beds and 18.2 days for the ICU beds). The same may be said for the reaction in terms of bed reallocation in the original departments (16 days for ICU beds and 10.6 days for O2 beds).. Conclusion: We were able to examine the responsiveness of the system as a whole for all of Tunisia's public hospitals by measuring the flexibility and bed margin. With this research, decision-makers will be able to assess their response capabilities in the event of a current pandemic, as well as a future one.
Investigation of the Presence of Atopy in Pediatric Patients Visiting the Pediatric Cardiology Department due to Chest Pain
Authors: Duksal Fatma , Dogan Melih Timucin
Published: August 2022

Background
Chest pain is one of the important reasons for hospital admissions among children. However, it is known that the cause of chest pain is mostly not because of cardiac origin
Objectives
It was aimed to investigate asthma and other atopic diseases in children with chest pain that is not originated from cardiac problems.
Patients and Methods:
Children aged 6–18 years who were investigated for chest pain in the pediatric cardiology and pediatric allergy-immunology departments were included in the study. Hematological parameters, pulmonary function tests and skin prick tests were performed. Atopic diseases and existence of environmental factors (smoking exposure, presence of pet, stove use, wool use and mold) had been questioned.
Results
The non-cardiac chest pain group (Group 1) included 88 children (female: 53.4%) and mean age of 11.92 ± 3.35 years; the control group (Group 2) included 29 children (female: 53.8%) and 11.38 ± 1.95 years (p > 0.05). Family history of atopy (22.72%) and skin prick test positivity (28.4%) were higher in group 1 than group 2 (p = 0.006; p = 0.017 respectively). The presence of environmental factors except mold was significantly higher in group 1 (54.5%) than group 2 (3.4%) (p = 0.000). Asthma and allergic rhinitis were diagnosed in 44.32% and 9.09% of them. Idiopathic chest pain, musculoskeletal system disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and pneumonia were found in 23.86%, 11.36%, %7.95 and 3.41% of group 1 respectively.
Conclusions
In this study, the most common cause of non-cardiac chest pain was asthma, while idiopathic chest pain was the second most common. A detailed history and careful physical examination will accurately establish the cause of chest pain in most children.
Anticancer activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Avicennia marina leaves on breast, ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines
Authors: Afshar Alireza , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Zare Masoud , Baghban Neda , Mohebbi Gholamhossein , Barmak Alireza , Khatami Mohsen , Mahmudpour Mehdi , Daneshi Adel , Bargahi Afshar , Azari Hossein , Nabipour Iraj , Ullah Mujib , Anvari Morteza , Tamadon Amin
Published: August 2022

Avicennia marina, the gray mangrove, is an herbal source of bioactive anticancer compounds. In the current study, the anticancer activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of A. marina leaves were aimed to be evaluated. To do that, some assessments including phytochemical, GC-MS, cell proliferation, viability, cycle, western blot and computational modeling analysis were performed for evaluation of their anticancer activity on breast, ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of A. marina leaves had high phenolic and flavonoid contents. In GC-MS analysis of the extracts, anticancer compounds were detected. Moreover, the MTT and cell viability assays showed anti-proliferative activity and decrease in cell viability after treatment of MCF-7, OVCAR3, and HeLa cell lines with both extracts, separately. In addition, in the cell cycle analysis the cell cycle arrest was observed in MCF-7. Moreover, the western blot analysis showed that the pro-apoptotic cell effectors such as Bax and caspase-1, -3, and -7 increased. Computational results of affinity of ligands detected by GC-MS compounds and stimulated apoptosis effectors detected by western blot showed five molecules in A. marina leaves playing role in OVCAR3 and HeLa apoptosis. In conclusion, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of A. marina leaves have anticancer effects. The ethanol extract induced cell cycle arrest in the breast cancer cell line and the ethyl acetate extract induced apoptotic mechanisms in ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines; that’s how they decreased cancer cells’ survival and viability.
THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC CAUSED BY COVID-19 ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STATE OF HIV INFECTION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Chemych Mykola D. , Sosnovenko Dmytro S. , Kobliuk Zoryana V. , Skrypka Nataliia V.
Published: August 2022

HIV infection is a human disease with progressive dysfunction of the body's immune system and a long asymptomatic course.
In 2021, there were 42 million HIV-positive people in the world. Today, 341,084 infected people are officially registered in Ukraine. One in one hundred citizens aged 15 to 50 is a carrier of retrovirus. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed the beginning of a pandemic of a new infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The report of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS and the data of International Charitable Foundation "Public Health Alliance" («Альянс громадського здоров’я») state that COVID-19 can seriously disrupt the health care system as well as medical services providing to HIV-infected people in many countries.
Objective. To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current HIV epidemic and case registration in Ukraine.
Materials and methods. To complete the tasks, the statistical and epidemiological data of the WHO and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the current epidemiological state of HIV infection during 2017–2021 and COVID-19 during 2020–2021 were used.
The results of epidemiological studies were processed with the help of the method of variation statistics using computer programs Microsoft Office Excel 2010, SPSS Statistics and online calculator (http://medstatistic/calculators/calchit.html).
Results and discussion. The epidemiological data provided by the WHO, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the International Charitable Foundation "Public Health Alliance" on the epidemiological status of HIV infection in 2017–2021 and COVID-19 during 2020–2021 were analyzed.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the provision of diagnostic, preventive and curative services to HIV-infected people. This is confirmed by a decrease in the number of rapid tests for retrovirus in 2020 by 4.1 times compared to 2019. The reduction in the number of new cases of HIV, AIDS and mortality from terminal disease in 2020–2021 occurred by an average of 1.5–2.4 times compared to the period before the pandemic caused by coronavirus. These data simultaneously correlated with an increase in COVID-19 cases, the number of rapid tests for coronavirus, and were inversely proportional.
The COVID-19 pandemic will significantly increase the incidence of HIV in Ukraine and raise the number of new AIDS cases and deaths.
Conclusions. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 affected the provision of diagnostic, prophylactic and treatment services to HIV-infected people. There is an inversely proportional trend between the number of confirmed cases of HIV infection and cases of COVID-19. The increase in the incidence of COVID-19 occured in the autumn–winter period, which corresponded to the period of declining levels of HIV diagnosis.
Mineral evolution and mineral niches of ammonium sulfates: The case of Pastora mine, Aliseda, Spain
Authors: López Ángel Crespo , Pimentel Carlos , Pina Carlos M.
Published: August 2022

The uncommon association of ammonium sulfates identified in the Pastora abandoned mine is the result of a complex mineral evolution. By means of dissolution-(re)crystallization reactions operating during long periods of time, ammonium minerals “adapt” to local spatiotemporal changes in physico-chemical conditions. We found that during such an evolution, seasonal variations in temperature and humidity, the relative solubility of mineral species, and the presence of organic matter play an important role. In addition, our study shows the existence of “mineral niches” and “mineral seasonality,” which can be explained on the basis of the “mineral ecology” concept introduced by Hazen et al. (2015). Our investigation of the formation of hydrated sulfates, particularly of ammonium sulfates, might be of importance for identifying the existence of life in mineral formation environments.
CASTE, GENDER, AND PEDAGOGY:PERCEPTION OF DALIT STUDENTS INRURAL INDIA
Authors: Dinkar Asha Kamble Sheetal
Published: August 2022

The dropout rate of Dalit students s in Maharashtrastate, especially girls, is steadily increasing. Therefore, it is important to understand the caste and gender relationship in the education system in India. On that basis, I introduce the pedagogy of that caste and gender as a method of teaching in the classroom. As a Dalit feminist,I am looking at the Dalit student perceptions regarding classrooms in rural India.The roots of this discourse are found in Paulo Freres explanation of the method of teaching Pedagogy of the Oppressed. The research presented is the result of experiences dealing with such contradictions and the development of a discussion of the caste and gender pedagogy of conflicting oppressive practices in the classroom. The first section of the researchpaper discusses pedagogy and the concept of Caste conflict and gender inequality in a rural school. In the second section, the perception of Dalit students about the Indian education system and its outline, the discourse focuses on caste building. The last section discusses the possibilities to create a pedagogy method of such gender and caste in school practices with the help of narratives of Dalit students.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANAESTHETIC EFFICACY OF ARTICANE 4%, BUPIVACAINE 0.5% AND LIDOCAINE 2% FOR INFRAORBITAL NERVE BLOCK: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Patil Nitesh , Hegde Deepak , Jain Ashish , Mohan Malavika , Sivasailam Shreya , Punjabi Akshay
Published: August 2022

Aim:The aim of this clinical trial was compare of anaesthetic efficacy of articane 4%, bupivacaine 0.5% and lidocaine 2% for infraorbital nerve block. Materials And Methods: 75 patients were randomly assigned in to 3 groups where they were injected with eitherarticane 4%, bupivacaine 0.5% and lidocaine 2% and their anaesthetic efficacy was checked . Normality testing was done using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data for EPT failed normality and hence, non-parametric tests were used for analysis. The EPT scores for pain threshold were compared between the three groups using Kruskal-Wallis test (non-parametric ANOVA) at pre-dosing, post-dosing, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours. Post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was used for pair-wise comparisons at all time periods. Results:As per the results obtained from the present study, the post-dosing results with electronic pulp tester was highest with Articaine followed by lignocaine and was least with bupivacaine. This showed that the Articaine had early onset amongst all three and bupivacaine showed late onset. Conclusion:This study shows that statistically significant difference was observed between lidocaine, Articaine and bupivacaine.Articaine has a faster onset and provides clinically effective anaesthesia in root canal treatment and other restorative procedures.
FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA: A CASE REPORT FROM A COMPLEX INDIAN FAMILY
Authors:   Department of Cytogenetic and Molecular Biology., Gomes Amanda , Pusalkar Madhavi ,   Department of Cytogenetic and Molecular Biology., Kulkarni Snehal ,   Department of Pediatric Cardiology., Das Barnali ,   Department of Biochemistry., Vadera Varsha ,   Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Andheri West, Mumbai 400 053, Maharashtra, India., Vyas Jaya ,   Department of Cytogenetic and Molecular Biology.
Published: August 2022

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a very high prevalence of almost 1 in 200-500 people. Genetic testings have commonly revealed mutations in genes namely LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9. In order to provide better management and minimize the risk of premature Coronary heart disease (CHD) in the affected people, early identification of FH in patients and screening of their first-degree relatives is recommended. In this paper, we present a rare case of a complicatedly related Indian family with a homozygous LDLR mutation detected in three members. The case study re-emphasizes the importance of screening for genetic mutations in patients with Hypercholesterolemia and also their immediate family members for better management, improving the quality of life, and increasing the life span.
DOES THE INTENSIFICATION OF URBAN AND RURAL AGRICULTURE IN BENIN CONTRIBUTE TO THE EMERGENCE OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN ANOPHELES GAMBIAESENSULATO?
Authors:   Ecole Normale Superieure de Natitingou Universite Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingenierie et Mathematiques (UNSTIM)., Anges Yadouleton ,   Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou.,   Laboratoire des Fievres Hemorragiques Virales et des Arbovirus du Benin., Gado Dramane ,   Ecole Normale Superieure de Natitingou Universite Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingenierie et Mathematiques (UNSTIM)., Yvette Badou ,   Laboratoire des Fievres Hemorragiques Virales et des Arbovirus du Benin., Falilath Sanoussi ,   Laboratoire des Fievres Hemorragiques Virales et des Arbovirus du Benin., Gildas Hounkanrin ,   Laboratoire des Fievres Hemorragiques Virales et des Arbovirus du Benin., Carine Tchibozo ,   Laboratoire des Fievres Hemorragiques Virales et des Arbovirus du Benin., Lamine Baba-Moussa ,   Laboratoire de Biologie ET de Typage Moleculaire en Microbiologie/Departement de Biochimie ET de Biologie Cellulaire/Faculte des Sciences ET Techniques/Universite dAbomey-Calavi/ 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
Published: August 2022

To explore the contribution of agricultural practices on enzymatic activity in Anopheles gambiae populations, collections of Anopheles gambiaelarve were done in cotton vegetable farming (famers use for both,insecticides for pest control) and in subsistence farming (no insecticide) from the district of Banikoara, located in Benin. Enzymatic activities such as total protein, monooxygenase P450, Glutathione-S-Transferase and esterasewere investigated on F1 generation females aged 3-5 days. Results from this study showed a significant high level of Glutathione-S-Transferase and monooxygenase P450 activities from the wild populations of An. gambiae particularly in cotton and vegetable farming areas compared to the susceptible Kisumu strain (control) (P<0.05). However, there is no significant difference in the level of Esterase (Î± and Î²-Naphthyl) activity from the 3 wild populations compared to the control (P>0.05). These findings confirmed the contribution of agricultural practices on theemergence of enzymatic activity in Anopheles gambiaes.l particularly on Glutathione-S-Transferase, and monooxygenase P450. However, the same level of the wild populations activity in esterase compared to the control could be explained by the involving of many insecticide resistance mechanisms of An. gambiae associated to the level of enzymatic activity in An. gambiae populations in this locality.
Haşlama ve Kızartma Yöntemleri Uygulanan Tavuk Etlerindeki Vitamin B1, B2 ve B3 Pişirme Kayıplarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇATAK Jale
Published: August 2022

Gelişen dünyada, protein içeren gıdalar sağlıklı gıda olarak önem kazanmaktadır. Tavuk etleri, dünya genelinde maliyeti düşük protein kaynaklarıdır ve suda çözünen B grubu vitaminlerce zengindir. Bu nedenle, beslenme açısından, termal olarak işlenen bu gıdaların vitamin kompozisyonu hakkında temel veriler gereklidir. Ülkemizde, haşlanmış ve kızarmış tavuk etleri sıklıkla tüketilmektedir. Ancak, etlerde pişirme yoluyla vitamin kayıplarına ilişkin yeterli veri bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, seçilen tavuk parçalarının B1, B2 ve B3 vitamin düzeylerini, haşlama ve kızartma olmak üzere, iki farklı pişirme tekniği kullanılarak belirlemeyi ve tavuk etlerinde bu vitaminlerin pişirme kayıplarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Her bir çiğ ve pişmiş tavuk örneğindeki vitamin B1, B2 ve B3 içerikleri HPLC cihazı ile belirlendi. Tüm tavuk etlerinin vitamin B1, B2 ve B3 içeriği haşlama ve kızartma sonrasında önemli ölçüde azaldı (p<0.05). Haşlama metoduyla, tavuk etlerinde ortalama pişirme kaybı, B1, B2, toplam B3 vitamini, nikotinik asit ve nikotinamid için sırasıyla %53, %43, %31, %58 ve %18 idi. Kızartmada ise, sırasıyla %24, %50, %42, %78 ve %40 idi. Tüm örneklerin nikotinamid içeriği nikotinik asitten oldukça fazla bulundu. En yüksek pişirme kayıpları nikotinik asitte belirlendi.
Analysis Of Emotional Eating Status In University Students
Authors: ORUÇ Esmanur , PARMAKSIZ Arif , AÇIKGÖZ Abuzer
Published: August 2022

Emotional eating is independent of the individual’s hunger; It is an eating disorder that occurs as a result of mood changes such as anxiety, stress and sadness. Adolescence is a period of rapid physical and social growth and development, and the right or wrong habits gained during this period affect the individual's quality of life in the long run. This study was carried out on 204 individuals to examine the emotional eating status of university students. Harran University was chosen as the sample. In addition to the Turkish Emotional Meal scale, a personal information form was used as a data collection tool. SPSS 22 package program was used for statistical analysis. The sub-dimensions of the scale were evaluated according to the parameters of the participant’s body mass index, gender, disease status, dieting status of the person, and the number of meals they ate. The results were successful in giving the expected hypotheses. It has been concluded that emotional eating scores are high in female students, individuals on a diet, people with any disease, people who eat more meals during the day, and individuals with a BMI (Body Mass Index) value above normal. As a result of this research, it was thought that university students should be regularly trained by dietitians and psychologists. It was thought that giving training would increase awareness of healthy nutrition and this would increase the quality of life of young people.
Suda Ozon Uygulanmış Taze Kesilmiş Pırasada Depolama Boyunca Mikrobiyolojik Yük ve Kalite Değişimi
Authors: GÜLAL Bekir , KOYUNCU Mehmet Ali , KULEAŞAN Hakan
Published: August 2022

Çalışmada ozon uygulamasının soğukta depolama boyunca taze kesilmiş ‘Lincoln’ pırasa çeşidinin mikrobiyolojik yükü ve kalitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Derimi yapılan pırasalar hemen laboratuvara nakledilerek 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Taze kesim işleminden sonra suda 1 ve 2 ppm ozon uygulanmış pırasa örnekleriyle kontrol grubu köpük kaselere yerleştirilerek streç filmle (16 μ) kaplanmıştır. Ambalajlanmış pırasalar 0±1 °C ve %90±5 oransal nemde 30 gün boyunca depolanmıştır. Depolama süresince 6 gün aralıklarla pırasalarda ağırlık kaybı (%), yalancı gövde sertliği (N), suda çözünebilir kuru madde (%), yalancı gövde rengi (L*,C* ve h°) solunum hızı (mLCO2 kg-1h-1), titre edilebilir asitlik (TEA, g 100 mL-1), mikrobiyolojik yük ve duyusal özellikler belirlenmiştir. Ozon uygulamaları kontrole kıyasla ağırlık kayıplarını azaltmıştır. Çalışmada depolama boyunca tüm uygulamalarda sertlik değerleri azalmıştır. Her ne kadar TEA üzerine etkisi istatistik olarak önemli çıkmasa da, pırasalarda TEA miktarının korunması ve solunum hızının baskılanmasında en iyi sonuçlar 2 ppm O3 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Soğukta depolama boyunca toplam maya küf ve bakteri sayısının azaltılması bakımından en etkili uygulamanın 2 ppm O3 olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, taze kesilmiş Lincoln pırasa çeşidinin suda ozon (1-2 ppm) uygulaması yapılarak, 0±1 °C ve %90±5 oransal nemde 30 gün depolanabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Trabzon İli Atmosferindeki Alerjenik Polenlerin Volumetrik Yöntemle Belirlenmesi
Authors: ALTUNOĞLU Mustafa Kemal , ŞAHİN Ünal , KARATAŞ Mevlüt , YILMAZ Serap , AKPINAR Salih , AKDOĞAN Gül Esma , BIÇAKÇI Prof.dr. Adem
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, Trabzon ili atmosferinde bulunan polenler 01 Ocak 2016 – 31 Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında volumetrik yöntemle VPSS 2000 (Lanzoni) cihazı kullanılarak araştırıldı. Bir yıllık çalışma süresince 45 taksona ait toplam 29150 polen m-3 Trabzon atmosferinde kaydedildi. Tespit edilen bu taksonların 24’ünün odunsu bitkilere (%69.78), 21’inin otsu bitkilere (%30.00) ve tanımlanamayan (%0.23) polenlere ait olduğu belirlendi. Çalışılan bölgede yoğun olarak saptanan odunsu taksonlar; Alnus sp. (%23.06), Cupressaceae-Taxaceae (%19.29), Pinaceae (%11.59), Betula sp. (%5.91), Platanus sp. (%3.38), Quercus sp. (%1.67), Ulmus sp. (%1.16) ve Fraxinus sp. (%1.05) olarak saptandı. Otsu bitkiler ise; Poaceae (%13.56), Urticaceae (%7.10), Boraginaceae (%2.12), Rumex sp. (%1.92), Mercurialis sp. (%1.36) ve Artemisia sp. (%1.25) olduğu belirlendi. Çalışılan bölgede polen yoğunluğunun en fazla olduğu aylar Şubat (%38.39), Mart (%11.88) ve Nisan (%15.67) olarak belirlendi.
The Effects of Foliar Zinc Application on Yield and Quality Components of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Mediterranean Climate Conditions
Authors: ÖNCAN SÜMER Feride , YARAŞIR Nermin
Published: August 2022

Peas are widely grown, especially in the western region of Turkey with a temperate climate. Pea cultivation areas are decreasing in this region, where the Mediterranean climate is dominant. Zinc deficiency causes seed yield losses in pea cultivation. This study aimed to determine the optimum foliar zinc application to improve the seed yield of the widely planted pea varieties (Karina and Utrillo). For this reason, foliar application of zinc (0-30-60 kg ha-1) was carried out at the beginning of the flowering period. The study was conducted in two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) at Aydin Adnan Menderes University. In this study, plant height, plant stem diameter, the number of seeds per pod, pod length, 100-seed weight, seed yield, seed protein content, protein yield, seed ash content, seed fibre content, seed oil content, and seed zinc content were determined. According to the results obtained, the highest values for pods per plant, 100-grain weight, seed yield, protein ratio, protein yield, and seed zinc content were obtained from 60 kg of zinc ha-1 in both years. However, zinc foliar application did not affect the plant height or plant stem diameter in either year. Although similar values were obtained regarding the characters examined among the cultivars, Karina stood out in seed yield and protein ratio, and Utrillo performed better in seed zinc content. Based on the values we got, we can recommend applying a dose of 60 kg of zinc per hectare per year from the leaf.
Análisis tecno-morfológico y funcional de instrumentos líticos tallados de La Atalaya (Muñopepe, Ávila): una primera aproximación a la industria lítica del Neolítico en la Sierra de Gredos
Authors: Zapatero Magdaleno María Pilar , Gibaja Bao Juan F. , Guerra Doce Elisa , Mazzuco Niccolò
Published: August 2022

Se presentan los resultados del estudio tecno-morfológico y traceológico realizado sobre un conjunto de piezas líticas talladas de la ocupación neolítica de La Atalaya (Muñopepe, Ávila). Este trabajo constituye la primera caracterización del utillaje lítico tallado de las más tempranas comunidades productoras del valle Amblés, un espacio localizado en las estribaciones septentrionales de la Sierra de Gredos para el que apenas existen datos al respecto. La información aportada ha permitido atisbar algunas de las actividades económicas de sus ocupantes, entre las cuales destaca la caza, mientras que las relacionadas con las tareas agrícolas tienen una menor representación.
STRUCTURE OF A 4-DIMENSIONAL ALGEBRA AND GENERATING PARAMETERS OF THE HIDDEN DISCRETE LOGARITHM PROBLEM
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MOLDOVYAN NIKOLAY A. , MOLDOVYAN ALEXANDR A. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

Structure of a 4-dimensional algebra and generating parameters of the hidden discrete logarithm problem the field GF'(p) is studied in connection with using it as algebraic support of the hidden discrete logarithm problem that is an attractive primitive of post-quantum signature schemes. It is shown that each invertible 4-dimensional vector that is not a scalar vector is included in a unique commutative group representing a subset of algebraic elements. Three types of commutative groups are contained in the algebra and formulas for computing the order and the number of groups are derived for each type. The obtained results are used to develop algorithms for generating parameters of digital signature schemes based on computational difficulty of the hidden logarithm problem.
IMPACT OF COLLISIONS ON THE DYNAMICS OF WAVES OF FINITE AMPLITUDE IN A PLASMA
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, KARIMOV ALEXANDER R. ,   G. V. Plekhanov Russian Economic University,   Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BOGDANOV VLADISLAV K. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI,   G. V. Plekhanov Russian Economic University
Published: August 2022

The problem of determining wave dynamics, considering the evolution of nonlinear waves of finite amplitude in a weakly collisional, Maxwellian plasma, is the focus of this article. Considering this medium with a certain interaction potential associated with a certain limited core of pairwise interaction, the dynamics of the distribution function was studied using the Vlasov equation. Collisions of electrons with neutral particles are described using the collision integral in the Bhatnagar - Gross- Krook form. Having constructed its particular solution and the equilibrium distribution function in the form of a series, an equation was obtained that makes it possible to determine the potential function. Considering the case of a Maxwellian plasma, an integral potential equation was obtained. Based on it, an equation was constructed that determines the perturbation of the potential relative to the spatially homogeneous one. At the same time, this perturbation appears due to the existence of some spatial-temporal stable structure. Based on this, a dispersion relation was obtained, which makes it possible to estimate the spatial scales of the coherent structure.
AN EPIDEMIC MODEL OF MALARIA WITHOUT AND WITH VACCINATION. PT 1. A MODEL OF MALARIA WITHOUT VACCINATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, NDIAYE SERINE MODOU , PARILINA ELENA M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2022

We propose a mathematical model of the malaria epidemic in the human population (host), where the transmission of the disease is produced by a vector population (mosquito) known as the malaria mosquito. The malaria epidemic model is defined by a system of ordinary differential equations. The host population at any time is divided into four sub-populations: susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered. Sufficient conditions for stability of equilibrium without disease and endemic equilibrium are obtained using the Lyapunov’s function theory. We define the reproductive number characterizing the level of disease spreading in the human population. Numerical modeling is made to study the influence of parameters on the spread of vector-borne disease and to illustrate theoretical results, as well as to analyze possible behavioral scenarios.
V. ZUBOV’S OPTIMUM DAMPING METHOD IN THE CONTROL PROBLEM OF ONE GYROSCOPE SYSTEM
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, ZHABKO ALEKSEI P. , ZHABKO NATALYA A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, YAKOVLEV PAVEL V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2022

The article considers the control problem of the aircraft cabin simulator with a four-axis gimbal gyroscopic system. The difficulty of the control problem of standard three-axis gimbal gyroscopic system is the presence of the phenomena “gimbal lock” when the two axes of the system become collinear or close to collinear. One of the applied solutions to avoid “gimbal lock” is to use of the fourth additional gimbal. Such fore-axis gimbal systems are presented in the works of various autors. However, the problem of an optimal control of four-axis gimbal gyroscopic system is still under the question. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of the control problem are obtained on the base of the one-to-one interconnection between the movement of the cabin, the angular velocities of the cabin axes and the necessary deviations of gimbals rotation angles. This result is presented in lemmas. According this obtained sufficient conditions, the algorithm for constructing a control of the gimbal system in terms of optimal damping process of movement, according to Zubov’s method, is proposed.
Verb constructions in West and East Flemish dialects
Authors:   Universiteit Gent, Hautekiet Johanna , Repina Ksenia ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University)
Published: August 2022

The article deals with verb construction in West and East Flemish dialects in the 1960s and 1970s. The research was based on the unique dialect collection of the Ghent University Stemmen uit het Verleden (“Voices from the Past”). The main objective of the paper is to find verb constructions that are specific only for the Flemish dialects and to describe them. Based on a number of criteria, 21 recordings were examined. The article gives a detailed analysis of the use of such verb constructions as weten te + inf. (‘to know where something is located’) and durven te + inf. (‘to dare to do something’), gaan + inf. (‘going to’) and the infinitive constructions om/voor/van te + inf. In some cases, the results of the research correspond to the standard of Belgian Dutch, in other cases the constructions appear to be used in a specific way. We conclude that both weten + inf. and durven + inf. are used in the texts without the particle te. Auxiliary verb gaan can never occur as the only verb and is always doubled or even tripled. Besides, voor te + inf. turned out to be the most commonly used construction to express the aim of an action, although om te + inf. also frequently occurs in the function. Van te + inf., however, is used in other functions and never expresses purpose.
Peculiarities of Danish determiners noget, meget and lidt
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Nemtseva Anastasia
Published: August 2022

This article explores the use of Danish neuter gender quantifiers noget, meget, and lidt with singular and plural common gender nouns. The use of these lexemes can be explained by the two tendencies in modern Danish, both of which entail the violation of the grammatical norm, i. e. the use of common gender nouns with neuter gender lexemes (noget mad, noget sygdom, meget tid etc.). The study of linguistic data also demonstrates that the use of these units in combination with countable nouns is getting more common in the Danish language (noget ananas, meget læge, lidt problemer, noget mand). Both tendencies are relevant to the dichotomy “discreteness/non-discreteness” present in modern Danish, where non-discreteness is connected with neuter gender lexemes, such as noget, meget, lidt, while denotations are thought of as one unit. Various denotations can be nondiscrete in Danish. A vast group is constituted by nouns related to food (en ananas — noget ananas; en kage — noget kage etc.). Lack of agreement in gender as well as number between a noun and a quantifier may cause a shift in meaning of a noun, thus abstract nouns acquire a more particular meaning, i. e. kunst ‘art’ and noget kunst ‘a work of art’. It shall also be noted that the change of grammatical norm may be connected with pragmatics, when the speaker expresses his attitude towards the situation, underlying its insignificance to the listener, which is often seen in contexts where nouns describing some events are used (fest ‘celebration’, dåb ‘christening’, sammenkomst ‘party’). Examples presented in this article are taken from Danish tv-series, TV programs and everyday communication.
Some observations on distance measurement words in Finnish and Swedish
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Osmak Natalia , Bocharova Yana ,   ITMO University,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: August 2022

The paper presents an overview of words denoting units of measurement in the Finnish and Swedish languages. Comparative studies between these two languages seem relevant because they have been used in the neighboring regions and countries with a long history of political, cultural, and people-to-people interaction. First, the study describes metalexemes of space and distance in Swedish and Finnish. Next, using thesauri, topical dictionaries and corpora, the study applies the combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to identify and evaluate pragmatics and communication context for utterances of measure words. Then, the paper identifies several categories of measurement words in the languages, taking etymology into consideration, such as traditional measures, SI-units, foreign units and analyzes their use in the contexts of corpora representing modern discourse. The paper highlights the differences and similarities in how Swedish and Finnish use different categories of the vocabulary items. The detailed analysis of contexts provides observations about collocations and topics of news where these measure words occur. Moreover, the study addresses the impact of Swedish and Russian on Finnish, due to the historical and political circumstances. According to the data studied, the study infers that Finnish and Swedish use all types of measurement words. However, the frequency, contexts of the occurrences and speech situations differ. Some categories tend to be used in a limited amount of topics, while others have no restrictions in usage. The study is expected to contribute to practical dimensions of working with the languages, namely teaching and translation.
Nou toch eigenlijk best wel eng hoor. About semantic value, interpretation and translation possiblility of Dutch particles
Authors:   Johannes Paulus II Katholieke Universiteit van Lublin, Tomaka Kamila
Published: August 2022

Dutch particles are among the most difficult elements of the Dutch language to learn. Most students do not know what to do with particles and regularly omit them in text translations. However, the interpretation and translation of Dutch particles is a problem not only for students. Teachers, researchers, and translators also have great difficulties with them. This contribution focuses on research into the biggest problems with Dutch particles. My attention is focused on the semantic value, interpretation, and translation possibility of Dutch particles. This article also discusses the taxonomy of particles in Dutch based on current elaborations. I then proceed with the distribution of particles based on the discursive levels at which they function. The aim of this paper is also to present the characterization of the category of Dutch particles next to the category of Dutch adverbs. This article demonstrates also an overview of approaches to particles taken in Dutch linguistics area with the aim of identifying their most important points and suggesting a framework for further analysis. Eventually, it states that the category of particles is also an absorbing object of cross-linguistic research for a number of reasons. First, the category of particles has not been clearly defined in many languages so far. Second, the criteria used to identify this category differ not only crosslinguistically, but even within Dutch studies. Lastly, the classification of particles in many languages has still not been thoroughly researched and an accurate identification of Dutch particles equivalents has yet to be established.
Studies in the analysis of the epic word: O.‑Icel. hel ‘world of the dead; the dead-goddess Hel’ in the Elder Edda
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Toporova Tatyana
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the epic word on the example of O-Icel. hel ‘world of the dead; the dead-goddess’ in the Old Icelandic Elder Edda, used to nominate one of the most important loci of the mythopoetic model of the world, as well as its personification. The author focuses on the analysis of the context, on the basis of which it is possible to realize the main goal — to understand the principles of distribution of this lexeme in the Elder Edda. A multi-component analysis is used, taking into account statistical data (primarily the frequency of word usage), grammar (the case paradigm of the corresponding forms), morphology (types of combination of composite components), syntax (predicates that perform a number of functions), etymology capable of actualization in certain situations, mythology (attraction to certain mythologems, motives, plots or myths), poetics (alliteration, sound repetitions, anagrams) and extralinguistic aspect — connection with the “world of things.” Particular attention is paid to composites, which include O-Icel. hel as the first or second components, since it is in compound words that the semantic potential of this lexeme can be realized. It was found that O.-Icel. hel is opposed to the “world of the living” (O.-Icel. heimr), associated with the bottom, indicating the localization of hel, the way to get into the lower world (to kill) and the subjects that inhabit it (people), mainly performs the function of direction, combined with verbs of movement. A hypothesis is put forward about semantic evolution: locus (the underworld) > character (its owner), and the various stages of this process found in the Elder Edda are reconstructed. To determine the semantics of O.-Icel. hel, the anthropocentric factor acquires special significance, since the starting point is the “middle world” inhabited by people, in relation to which spatial reference points are used underneath and from here. Based on the Eddic facts, the extralinguistic specificity of the corresponding denotation as a fenced space with a gate is established. The affiliation of O.-Icel. hel with the sphere of funeral ritual and sacral terminology is verified.
The Roads Round Pisa by Karen Blixen — a play with a plot and a form
Authors:   А. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Korovin Andrey
Published: August 2022

The article focuses on specific structural features of tales written by Karen Blixen, now considered to be the main Danish writer of the 20th century. Her first book, Seven Gothic Tales, was published in English in 1934. The Roads Round Pisa and other tales from this book are not only full of symbols and metaphors, but also have complex structures at the level of composition and of plot. The narration in Blixen’s writings contains intense action; it is a dramatization of the text. The concept of “theatricality” constantly exists in many her tales and it is important for the interpretation of ideas in The Roads Round Pisa: but this concept generally determines a form of the text and its composition, which has some similarity to the composition of 5-acts drama. The motive of a play becomes the important structural component in this text; it is also connected to the plot and to images. Personages in this tale play different roles and change many masks. There are two types of heroes: heroes — actors on the stage and heroes — members of audience in the tale. The motive of a play creates also a particular subtext — required for understanding hidden matters, which a plot is built on. Theatricality of a text, on the one hand, brings more complicity, diversity; clarity of perception often is lost, because there is a certain coded meaning in the narration. On the other hand, it forces a reader to search for ways to comprehend the text. It looks like a reader is involved in a play, and only if he accepts rules of this play, he can understand hidden meaning of all circumstances. Karen Blixen uses the concept of theatricality to create absolutely original narratives inherent only in her poetic manner.
An intellectual’s life strategies in the time of war and under dictatorship in the novels by Eyvind Johnson
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lisovskaya Polina
Published: August 2022

The article examines conceptual and artistic issues of the most seminal novels written by Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976), one of the most renowned Swedish writers of the 20th century. Johnson, born in the north of Sweden, was of low origin, and he started his career as an amateur proletarian writer, a typical representative of the Swedish “proletarian literature,” a movement that was largely instrumental in shaping the form and substance of prose fiction in Sweden in the first half of the last century. His obligatory education ended at the age of fourteen, but his insatiable yearning for self-education, books, foreign languages, as well as his broad and hard-earned experience, gradually made him one of the most erudite and intellectually intricate Swedish novelists of the last century. From the 1940s on, the writer had gone far beyond the borders of “proletarian literature” and created works that won him international acclaim and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1974. Yet, the works of this humanitarian writer, who kept condemning totalitarian regimes of the 20th century, are practically unknown in our country, in translations of his novels and research papers. This article analyzes the cycles on Ulof and Krilon, which are devoted to Sweden, and written after the Second World War: the novels The Surge of the Shores, Dreams of Roses and Fire, and The Days of His Grace are based on subjects of the classical literature and the events of the European history. The object of our study is protagonists in the above-mentioned works. The subject of the research is the evolution of the types and images of humanitarian intellectuals in their clashes with authoritarian power, dictatorship and war. The article focuses on characters who, when placed in such condition, have to make up their minds and choose a life strategy which would conform with Johnson’s ethical and philosophical position, and on the evolution of describing circumstances and results of these choices throughout the whole life of the writer.
Theme of Lucifer and forms of speech in Icelandic biblical paraphrase
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Ogurechnikova Natalija
Published: August 2022

The subject of the article is the theme of Lucifer in Lilja, a poetic Icelandic biblical paraphrase dating from the first half of the 14th century. When analyzing Lucifer stanzas, attention is paid to the forms of speech of the author, their communicative properties and distribution. Attention to the sources of the monologue is determined by specificity of its structure and by peculiarities of the internal monologue as a form of speech. One thesis is that the context of St. Anselm’s speculative theology supports an interpretation of the monologue, which corresponds to the main idea of all Lucifer stanzas in Lilja. The article contains two sections, within the framework of which the following tasks are solved: In the first section, the forms of speech in Lucifer stanzas are compared with the forms of speech in the songs of the Poetic Edda; the purpose of the comparative analysis is to clarify relationship of Icelandic biblical paraphrase to the poetic traditions of Iceland. The second section of the article examines Lucifer’s monologue and its sources; here the structure of the monologue is considered and its meaning is clarified in the context of Lucifer stanzas on the one hand and the works of St. Anselm on the other. Results of the analysis are summarized in the Conclusion. The main method of work is comparative textual analysis from the standpoint of historical poetics.