bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Framework for Secure Data Storage in a Big Data Environment Based on Blockchain and Mobile Agent
Authors: Alsulbi Khalil Ahmad , Khemakhem Maher Ali , Basuhail Abdullah Ahamd , Eassa Fathy Eassa , Jambi Kamal Mansur , Almarhabi Khalid Ali
Published: October 2021

The sum of Big Data generated from different sources is increasing significantly with each passing day to extent that it is becoming challenging for traditional storage methods to store this massive amount of data. For this reason, most organizations have resolved to use third-party cloud storage to store data. Cloud storage has advanced in recent times, but it still faces numerous challenges with regard to security and privacy. This paper discusses Big Data security and privacy challenges and the minimum requirements that must be provided by future solutions. The main objective of this paper is to propose a new technical framework to control and manage Big Data security and privacy risks. A design science research methodology is used to carry out this project. The proposed framework takes advantage of Blockchain technology to provide secure storage of Big Data by managing its metadata and policies and eliminating external parties to maintain data security and privacy. Additionally, it uses mobile agent technology to take advantage of the benefits related to system performance in general. We present a prototype implementation for our proposed framework using the Ethereum Blockchain in a real data storage scenario. The empirical results and framework evaluation show that our proposed framework provides an effective solution for secure data storage in a Big Data environment.
The Symmetry of Lower Back Pain as a Potential Screening Factor for Serious Pathology: A Survey Study
Authors: Miękisiak Grzegorz , Załuski Rafał , Szarek Dariusz , Pettersson Samuel D. , Fercho Justyna , Druszcz Adam , Pezowicz Celina
Published: October 2021

Background: Pain maps provide reliable information on pain location in various conditions. This study explored the feasibility of pain maps as a screening tools for serious underlying conditions. The pain symmetry was evaluated as the possible distinguishing feature. Methods: A Web-based survey on the correlation of pain-related disability and pain pattern was developed. Respondents with lower back pain were asked to mark the exact location of their pain over the pain chart. The symmetry index was calculated and used to divide subjects into two groups that were then compared in terms of the prevalence of red flags for serious pathologies, as well as the pain-related disability measured with COMI and ODI instruments. Results: Of the 4213 respondents who completed the survey, 1018 were included in the study. The pain related disability was greater in respondents with asymmetrical pain patterns, as shown with all instruments. The distribution of red flags was also dependent on pain symmetry. The history of weight loss (6.70 vs. 1.76 p < 0.001) and fever (4.91 vs. 2.14 p < 0.001) were more prevalent with symmetrical pain patterns, and the history of trauma was more frequent with asymmetrical pain (21.41 vs. 10.71 p < 0.001). Conclusions: It was shown that the symmetry of pain is correlated to the prevalence of red flags and pain-related disability.
Unmasking People’s Opinions behind Mask-Wearing during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Twitter Stance Analysis
Authors: Cotfas Liviu-Adrian , Delcea Camelia , Gherai Rareș , Roxin Ioan
Published: October 2021

Wearing a mask by the general public has been a controversial issue from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as the public authorities have had mixed messages, either advising people not to wear masks if uninfected, to wear as a protective measure, to wear them only when inside a building/room with insufficient air flow or to wear them in all the public places. To date, the governments have had different policies regarding mask-wearing by the general public depending on the COVID-19 pandemic evolution. In this context, the paper analyzes the general public’s opinion regarding mask-wearing for the one-year period starting from 9 January 2020, when the first tweet regarding mask-wearing in the COVID-19 context has been posted. Classical machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been considered in analyzing the 8,795,633 tweets extracted. A random sample of 29,613 tweets has been extracted and annotated. The tweets containing news and information related to mask-wearing have been included in the neutral category, while the ones containing people’s opinions (for or against) have been marked using a symmetrical approach into in favor and against categories. Based on the analysis, it has been determined that most of the mask tweets are in the area of in favor or neutral, while a smaller percentage of tweets and retweets are in the against category. The evolution of the opinions expressed through tweets can be further monitored for extracting the public perspective on mask-wearing in times of COVID-19.
Recent Advancement of Data-Driven Models in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
Authors: Sahar Gul , Bakar Kamalrulnizam Abu , Rahim Sabit , Khani Naveed Ali Khan Kaim , Bibi Tehmina
Published: October 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered producers of large amounts of rich data. Four types of data-driven models that correspond with various applications are identified as WSNs: query-driven, event-driven, time-driven, and hybrid-driven. The aim of the classification of data-driven models is to get real-time applications of specific data. Many challenges occur during data collection. Therefore, the main objective of these data-driven models is to save the WSN’s energy for processing and functioning during the data collection of any application. In this survey article, the recent advancement of data-driven models and application types for WSNs is presented in detail. Each type of WSN is elaborated with the help of its routing protocols, related applications, and issues. Furthermore, each data model is described in detail according to current studies. The open issues of each data model are highlighted with their challenges in order to encourage and give directions for further recommendation.
A Review of 4IR/5IR Enabling Technologies and Their Linkage to Manufacturing Supply Chain
Authors: Fanoro Mokesioluwa , Božanić Mladen , Sinha Saurabh
Published: October 2021

Over the last decade, manufacturing processes have undergone significant change. Most factory activities have been transformed through a set of features built into a smart manufacturing framework. The tools brought to bear by the fourth industrial revolution are critical enablers of such change and progress. This review article describes the series of industrial revolutions and explores traditional manufacturing before presenting various enabling technologies. Insights are offered regarding traditional manufacturing lines where some enabling technologies have been included. The manufacturing supply chain is envisaged as enhancing the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 through their integration. A systematic literature review is undertaken to evaluate each enabling technology and the manufacturing supply chain and to provide some theoretical synthesis. Similarly, obstacles are listed that must be overcome before a complete shift to smart manufacturing is possible. A brief discussion maps out how the fourth industrial revolution has led to novel manufacturing technologies. Likewise, a review of the fifth industrial revolution is given, and the justification for this development is presented.
A Systematic Review of Studies on Genotoxicity and Related Biomarkers in Populations Exposed to Pesticides in Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Alarcón Juana , Milić Mirta , Kašuba Vilena , Tenorio-Arvide María , Montiel-González José , Bonassi Stefano , Valencia-Quintana Rafael
Published: October 2021

In agricultural activities, pest control is essential, and the most effective method is the use of chemical agents that also represent an important source of exposure to potentially toxic compounds. Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous group of compounds designed specifically to control different pests. Besides measuring their levels or that of their metabolites in air, plasma, serum, blood, urine, etc., some studies reported increased DNA damage levels after occupational or environmental pesticides exposure, evidenced by several cytogenetic biomarkers such as chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei frequency (MN) together with other nuclear abnormalities (NA), alkaline comet assay, but also changes in oxidative stress parameters and miRNA levels. Single or combined, these techniques have also been used in genotoxic biomonitoring studies of workers occupationally exposed to pesticides in Mexico. Despite being a country with great agricultural activity and reported excessive pesticide use, genotoxic studies have been relatively few and, in some cases, contradictory. A review was made of the studies available (published until the end of 2020 on PubMed, Web of Science, Redalyc and Scielo, both in English and Spanish) in the scientific literature that evaluated occupational exposure of human samples to pesticides assessed with DNA damage and related biomarkers in Mexico.
The Influence of Herbicides to Marine Organisms Aliivibrio fischeri and Artemia salina
Authors: Vurm Radek , Tajnaiová Lucia , Kofroňová Jana
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work was to determine the toxic effect of the most used herbicides on marine organisms, the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, and the crustacean Artemia salina. The effect of these substances was evaluated using a luminescent bacterial test and an ecotoxicity test. The results showed that half maximal inhibitory concentration for A. fischeri is as follows: 15minIC50 (Roundup® Classic Pro) = 236 μg·L−1, 15minIC50 (Kaput® Premium) = 2475 μg·L−1, 15minIC50 (Banvel® 480 S) = 2637 μg·L−1, 15minIC50 (Lontrel 300) = 7596 μg·L−1, 15minIC50 (Finalsan®) = 64 μg·L−1, 15minIC50 (glyphosate) = 7934 μg·L−1, 15minIC50 (dicamba) = 15,937 μg·L−1, 15minIC50 (clopyralid) = 10,417 μg·L−1, 15minIC50 (nonanoic acid) = 16,040 μg·L−1. Median lethal concentrations for A. salina were determined as follows: LC50 (Roundup® Classic Pro) = 18 μg·L−1, LC50 (Kaput® Premium) = 19 μg·L−1, LC50 (Banvel® 480 S) = 2519 μg·L−1, LC50 (Lontrel 300) = 1796 μg·L−1, LC50 (Finalsan®) = 100 μg·L−1, LC50 (glyphosate) = 811 μg·L−1, LC50 (dicamba) = 3705 μg·L−1, LC50 (clopyralid) = 2800 μg·L−1, LC50 (nonanoic acid) = 7493 μg·L−1. These findings indicate the need to monitor the herbicides used for all environmental compartments.
Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways
Authors: Tsai Ping-Kun , Chen Shih-Pin , Huang-Liu Rosa , Chen Chun-Jung , Chen Wen-Ying , Ng Yan-Yan , Kuan Yu-Hsiang
Published: October 2021

Air pollution is a major environmental and public health problem worldwide. A nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the most abundant air pollutant in diesel engine exhaust, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), is caused by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous organic substances. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune cells that provide resistance in the peripheral tissue. The overactivation of macrophages results in inflammation. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha, is induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner in macrophages. In this study, the production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitrogen oxide and prostaglandin E2, was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner through the expression of iNOS and COX2. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX2 was induced by 1-NP through nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 phosphorylation and the degradation of its upstream factor, IκB. Finally, Akt phosphorylation was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that 1-NP exhibits a proinflammatory response through the NF-κB pathway activation due to Akt phosphorylation.
A Short Review of the Venoms and Toxins of Spider Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Authors: Dashevsky Daniel , Rodriguez Juanita
Published: October 2021

Parasitoid wasps represent the plurality of venomous animals, but have received extremely little research in proportion to this taxonomic diversity. The lion’s share of investigation into insect venoms has focused on eusocial hymenopterans, but even this small sampling shows great promise for the development of new active substances. The family Pompilidae is known as the spider wasps because of their reproductive habits which include hunting for spiders, delivering a paralyzing sting, and entombing them in burrows with one of the wasp’s eggs to serve as food for the developing larva. The largest members of this family, especially the tarantula hawks of the genus Pepsis, have attained notoriety for their large size, dramatic coloration, long-term paralysis of their prey, and incredibly painful defensive stings. In this paper we review the existing research regarding the composition and function of pompilid venoms, discuss parallels from other venom literatures, identify possible avenues for the adaptation of pompilid toxins towards human purposes, and future directions of inquiry for the field.
Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Flavokawain A on Ochratoxin-A-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury by Attenuation of Oxidative Stress via PI3K/AKT-Mediated Nrf2 Signaling Cascade
Authors: Rajendran Peramaiyan , Alzahrani Abdullah M. , Priya Veeraraghavan Vishnu , Ahmed Emad A.
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the endothelial protective activity of flavokawain A (FKA) against oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A (OTA), which acts as a mycotoxin, and its primary mechanisms in in vitro models. Reactive oxygen species, in general, regulate oxidative stress that significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunctions. OTA exerts toxicity through inflammation and the accumulation of ROS. This research is aimed at exploring the defensive function of FKA against the endothelial injury triggered by OTA through the Nrf2 pathway regulated by PI3K/AKT. OTA exposure significantly increased the nuclear translocation of NFκB, whereas we found a reduction in inflammation via NFκB inhibition with FKA treatment. FKA increased the PI3K and AKT phosphorylation, which may lead to the stimulation of antioxidative and antiapoptotic signaling in HUVECs. It also upregulated the phosphorylation of Nrf2 and a concomitant expression of antioxidant genes, such as HO-1, NQO-1, and γGCLC, depending on the dose under the oxidative stress triggered by OTA. Knockdown of Nrf2 through small interfering RNA (siRNA) impedes the protective role of FKA against the endothelial toxicity induced by OTA. In addition, FKA enhanced Bcl2 activation while suppressing apoptosis marker proteins. Therefore, FKA is regarded as a potential agent against endothelial oxidative stress caused by the deterioration of the endothelium. The research findings showed that FKA plays a key role in activating the p-PI3K/p-AKT and Nrf2 signaling pathways, while suppressing caspase-dependent apoptosis.
Validation of New ELISA Technique for Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Food Products versus HPLC and VICAM
Authors: Hafez Elsayed , Abd El-Aziz Nourhan M. , Darwish Amira M. G. , Shehata Mohamed G. , Ibrahim Amira A. , Elframawy Asmaa M. , Badr Ahmed N.
Published: October 2021

Toxin-contaminated foods and beverages are a major source of illness, may cause death, and have a significant negative economic impact worldwide. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent toxin that may induce cancer after chronic low-level exposure. This study developed a quantitative recombinant AflR gene antiserum ELISA technique for aflatoxin B1 detection in contaminated food products. Aflatoxin B1 residuals from 36 food samples were analyzed with HPLC and VICAM. DNA was extracted from aflatoxin-contaminated samples and the AflR gene amplified using PCR. PCR products were purified and ligated into the pGEM-T vector. Recombinant plasmids were sequenced and transformed into competent E. coli (BL21). Molecular size and B-cell epitope prediction for the recombinant protein were assessed. The purified protein was used to induce the production of IgG antibodies in rabbits. Serum IgG was purified and labeled with alkaline phosphatase. Finally, indirect-ELISA was used to test the effectiveness of polyclonal antibodies for detection of aflatoxin B1 in food samples.
Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments
Authors: Kim Minbin , Ripa Jakub , Park Il H. , Bogomolov Vitaly , Brandt Søren , Budtz-Jørgensen Carl , Castro-Tirado Alberto J. , Chang Sheng-Hsiung , Chang Yenyun , Chen Chia Ray , Chen C.-W. , Chen Pisin , Connell Paul , Eyles Chris , Gaikov Georgii , Hong Gihan , Huang Jian Jung , Huang Ming-Huey Alfred , Jeong Soomin , Kim Jieun , Lee Jik , Lim Heuijin , Lin Chih-Yang , Liu Tsung-Che , Nam Jiwoo , Panasyuk Mikhail , Petrov Vasily , Reglero Victor , Rodrigo Juana M. , Svertilov Sergey , Vedenkin Nikolay , Wang Ming Zu , Yashin Ivan
Published: October 2021

We developed an X-ray detector using 36 arrays, each consisting of a 64-pixellated yttrium oxyorthosilicate (YSO) scintillation crystal and a 64-channel multi-anode photomultiplier tube. The X-ray detector was designed to detect X-rays with energies lower than 10 keV, primarily with the aim of localizing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). YSO crystals have no intrinsic background, which is advantageous for increasing low-energy sensitivity. The fabricated detector was integrated into UBAT, the payload of the Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO)/Lomonosov for GRB observation. The UFFO was successfully operated in space in a low-Earth orbit. In this paper, we present the responses of the X-ray detector of the UBAT engineering model identical to the flight model, using 241Am and 55Fe radioactive sources and an Amptek X-ray tube. We found that the X-ray detector can measure energies lower than 5 keV. As such, we expect YSO crystals to be good candidates for the X-ray detector materials for future GRB missions.
Metagenomic Identification of Viral Sequences in Laboratory Reagents
Authors: Porter Ashleigh F. , Cobbin Joanna , Li Ci-Xiu , Eden John-Sebastian , Holmes Edward C.
Published: October 2021

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing has transformed the discovery and diagnosis of infectious disease, with the power to characterise the complete ‘infectome’ (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) of an individual host organism. However, the identification of novel pathogens has been complicated by widespread microbial contamination in commonly used laboratory reagents. Using total RNA sequencing (“metatranscriptomics”) we documented the presence of contaminant viral sequences in multiple ‘blank’ negative control sequencing libraries that comprise a sterile water and reagent mix. Accordingly, we identified 14 viral sequences in 7 negative control sequencing libraries. As in previous studies, several circular replication-associated protein encoding (CRESS) DNA virus-like sequences were recovered in the blank control libraries, as well as contaminating sequences from the Totiviridae, Tombusviridae and Lentiviridae families of RNA virus. These data suggest that viral contamination of common laboratory reagents is likely commonplace and can comprise a wide variety of viruses.
Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm: A Comparative Study on Post-Vaccination Antibody Titers
Authors: Alqassieh Rami , Suleiman Aiman , Abu-Halaweh Sami , Santarisi Abeer , Shatnawi Omar , Shdaifat Lara , Tarifi Amjed , Al-Tamimi Mohammad , Al-Shudifat Abdel-Ellah , Alsmadi Heba , Al Sharqawi Ahmed , Alnawaiseh Hadeel , Anasweh Yara , Domaidah Farah Abo , Jaber Haneen Abu , Al-Zarir Mohammad Rashid , Bsisu Isam
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccines induce immunity through different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to compare the titers of specific antibodies in subjects vaccinated with either the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine or the Sinopharm vaccine. This prospective observational cohort included Jordanian adults vaccinated with two doses, 21 days apart, of either of the two aforementioned vaccines. Titers were collected 6 weeks after the administration of the second dose. Overall, 288 participants were included, of which 141 were administered the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, while 147 were administered the Sinopharm vaccine. Remarkably, 140 (99.3%) of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients had positive IgG titers, while 126 (85.7%) of Sinopharm recipients had positive IgG (p < 0.001). The mean titer for IgG among Pfizer-BioNTech recipients was 515.5 ± 1143.5 BAU/mL, compared to 170.0 ± 230.0 BAU/mL among Sinopharm subjects (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine positively correlated with positive IgG titers (OR: 25.25; 95% CI: 3.25–196.15; p = 0.002), compared with a negative effect of cardiovascular diseases (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11–0.99; p = 0.48) on IgG titers. In conclusion, fully vaccinated recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had superior quantitative efficiency compared to Sinopharm recipients. A booster dose is supported for Sinopharm recipients, or those with chronic immunosuppressive diseases.
Positive Association between Individualism and Vaccination Resistance against COVID-19 Vaccination among Chinese Adults: Mediations via Perceived Personal and Societal Benefits
Authors: Yu Yanqiu , Lau Mason M. C. , Lau Joseph Tak-Fai
Published: October 2021

Background: Vaccination resistance is the key hurdle against herd immunity as it limits the final vaccination coverage. This study investigated the prevalence and factors of COVID-19 vaccination resistance (i.e., those indicating definitely not taking up COVID-19 vaccination), including individualism, perceived personal benefits (PPB) and perceived societal benefits (PSB) of COVID-19 vaccination, and related mechanisms of the association. Methods: A random telephone survey interviewed 395 unvaccinated adults aged 18–75 not having scheduled for COVID-19 vaccination in May 2021 in Hong Kong, China (response rate = 56.8%). Results: The prevalence of vaccination resistance was 56.5%. Adjusted for background factors, individualism, PPB, and PSB were significantly associated with vaccination resistance. Path analysis showed that individualism exhibited a direct effect on vaccination resistance and a 3-step indirect effect (individualism → PSB → PPB→ vaccination resistance) that explained 46.8% of the total effect. The two 2-step indirect paths via PPB only and via PSB only were non-significant. Conclusion: High prevalence of vaccination resistance was observed. Individualism increased vaccination resistance via its direct and indirect effects. Health promotion may emphasize collective good to reduce the impact of individualism and promote PPB/PSB, which may reduce vaccination resistance directly and alleviate the impact of individualism on vaccination resistance indirectly.
Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal
Authors: Ren Xiaolei , Wang Shaoli , Yang Peiling , Tao Yuan , Chen Haorui
Published: October 2021

Farmland in southern China is prone to flooding and waterlogging alternation after short-term heavy rainfall. Single drainage form cannot meet the requirements of the farmland flooding and waterlogging removal. Drainage measures and layout forms should be explored to alleviate flooding and waterlogging threat and improve crop yield. So, based on an indoor sand tank experiment, this paper presents a combined drainage form: conventional subsurface drainage as an auxiliary drainage measure and is alternatively combined with open ditch (OD), filter drainage (FD), conventional (CD) and improved subsurface drainage (ID), respectively, under equal and unequal drain depth. The performance of different combined drainage forms and the effect of auxiliary drainage measures are discussed for stable ponding and receding water. During the experiment, two factors—drainage measure and drain depth—are considered. The results indicate that compared with the conventional subsurface drainage alone, the flow rates of the open-ditch, thin-improved, and thick-improved subsurface drainage combined with conventional subsurface drainage can be increased by 22.4–32.3%, 10.6–16.2%, and 29.8–32%, respectively, under equal drain depth in stable ponding water. Among the four combined drainage forms, the flow rate of shallow–deep combination is 8.1–17.1% higher than that of the shallow–shallow combination. Compared with a single drainage form, the flow rates of the combined drainage have the same change characteristics over time. Additionally, the use of auxiliary, conventional, subsurface drainage can improve the flooding and waterlogging removal efficiency in farmland. For the combined drainage forms, the contribution degree of the open-ditch and thin-improved subsurface drainage is 51.3–56.7%, while the thick-improved subsurface drainage is approximately 61.0%, under equal drain depth conditions in the flooding removal process. Moreover, open-ditch and thick-improved subsurface drainage combined with conventional subsurface drainage have significant advantages in flooding and waterlogging removal, which were 11.5–38.1% and 37.1–48.6% faster than conventional subsurface drainage in flooding removal time, 14.3–157.1% and 14.3–44.4% faster than conventional subsurface drainage in the waterlogging removal time. The synergistic application of shallow–deep and medium–medium combinations can be carried out by exploiting the advantages of each drainage measure. The experimental flow rate observation is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated value, with a relative error of less than 5%. These research findings could provide technical support for the increased application of combined drainage forms in areas prone to flooding and waterlogging.
CFD-DEM Modeling of Dense Sub-Aerial and Submerged Granular Collapses
Authors: Shademani Maryam , Blais Bruno , Shakibaeinia Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Sub-aerial (dry) and submerged dense granular collapses are studied by means of a three-phase unresolved computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) numerical model. Physical experiments are also performed to provide data for validation and further analysis. Validations show good compatibility between the numerical and experimental results. Collapse mechanism as well as post-collapse morphological parameters, such as granular surface profile and runout distance, are analyzed. The spatiotemporal variation of solid volume fraction is also investigated. The effect granular column aspect ratio is studied and found to be a key factor in granular morphology for both submerged and dry conditions. The volume fraction analysis evolution shows an expansion and re-compaction trend, correlated with the granular movement.
Laboratory-Scale Investigation of the Pressurization of T-Junctions in Hydraulic Systems
Authors: Pinto Leandro , Tassi Rutineia , Vasconcelos Jose , Allasia Daniel , Bocchi João , Minetto Bruna , Pachaly Robson
Published: October 2021

The increasing frequency of intense rain events will worsen the operational conditions of stormwater systems, including the frequency in which these systems experience pressurization. Unfortunately, there has been limited research on the issue, particularly the pressurization of junctions in stormwater systems that are subject to rapid filling. Past research provided valuable insights on flows in junctions operating either on pressurized or open-channel flow conditions, but did not focus on the transition between these two flow regimes. This work summarizes the results of an experimental investigation that focused on describing the pressurization processes in a junction undergoing rapid filling. The experimental program considered a total of 67 unique combinations, with variables including different slopes of the upstream and lateral pipes, as well as different inflow rates in each one of these conduits. Fast blockage of the flow led to the pressurization process, that was characterized through video-recording and pressure monitoring at selected points along in the apparatus. This innovative research identified for the first time five unique pressurization modes based on the video recordings of the pressurization. The pressurization modes were dependent on the experimental setup, including lateral and main branch flows as well as their slopes. An independent clustering-based analysis of the experimental data was used and confirmed this classification. These results are the first ones of its kind and clearly indicates potential limitations of numerical models in representing flows in the junctions when air pocket entrapment occurs due to rapid filling conditions. Future research should address the limitations of the present experimental work in terms of scale effects, including a wider range of tested flow conditions and slopes, besides different junction geometries with storage.
Constructed Wetlands as a Landscape Management Practice for Nutrient Removal from Agricultural Runoff—A Local Practice Case on the East Coast of Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Chung-Yu , Yan Guo-En , Pan Kuang-Chi , Lee Kuang-Chung
Published: October 2021

Runoff with excessive nutrients from rice paddy fields that releases into the Pacific Ocean has been a possible cause of water body pollution and harm to marine life. Constructed wetlands had developed for decades but were rarely implemented in treating agricultural pollution in Taiwan. Moreover, the environmental policies haven’t provided enough instructions, support, or compensation for the establishment of this practice. The rice paddy field that was chosen in this study is located in Xinshe, Taiwan. It is close to the Pacific Ocean where coral reefs are nearby and fishery resource is abundant. In this study, the northern half of the whole organic field was chosen, and the contributing area is approximately 1 × 105 m2. Four plots of constructed wetlands (approximately 17.5 m wide, 16.7 m long, and 0.2 m deep each, covering 1164.74 m2 of the total area) and employing surface flow were established as CW treatment. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was used for treating the nutrient runoff from organic rice paddy fields. Water samples of input and output of constructed wetlands were collected during 51 days of the experimental period (from the first day of rice transplantation to 10-days before harvest). Ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and total phosphorus concentrations were analyzed to calculate the nutrient load. The runoff of rice paddy fields without constructed wetlands was also sampled as a reference (RPF treatment). In average, about 54.3% ammonia and 42.7% nitrate was removed from the runoff that went through the CW treatment, while 4.2% ammonia and 51.3% nitrate increase were found at the output of the RPF treatment. Meanwhile, 35.6% of total phosphorus and 29.5% of phosphate were removed from the runoff of constructed wetlands. Only 16.4% total phosphorus and 6.4% phosphate were removed from the RPF treatment. Results indicate that constructed wetlands are promising treatment for agricultural runoff and the result can be used as a reference for the future environmental policies enactment in Taiwan.
A Comparative Review of Alternative Fuels for the Maritime Sector: Economic, Technology, and Policy Challenges for Clean Energy Implementation
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wright Laurence A.
Published: October 2021

Global maritime transportation is responsible for around 3% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and significant proportions of SOx, NOx, and PM emissions. Considering the predicted growth in shipping volumes to 2050, greenhouse gas emissions from ships must be cut by 75–85% per ton-mile to meet Paris Agreement goals. This study reviews the potential of a range of alternative fuels for decarbonisation in maritime. A systematic literature review and information synthesis method was applied to evaluate fuel characteristics, production pathways, utilization technologies, energy efficiency, lifecycle environmental performance, economic viability, and current applicable policies. Alternative fuels are essential to decarbonisation in international shipping. However, findings suggest there is no single route to deliver the required greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Emissions reductions vary widely depending on the production pathways of the fuel. Alternative fuels utilising a carbon-intensive production pathway will not provide decarbonisation, instead shifting emissions elsewhere in the supply chain. Ultimately, a system-wide perspective to creating an effective policy framework is required in order to promote the adoption of alternative propulsion technologies.
DYNAMICS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VISION ZERO PROGRAM IN THE WORLD COUNTRIES
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University, SHEVTSOVA A.G.
Published: October 2021

The concept of Vizion Zero is considered - a long-term program first proposed by the Swedish government, the main goal of which is to improve road safety and reads as follows: «No one should be killed or seriously injured in a traffic accident». A brief overview of the implementation of this concept in some world countries has been carried out. including the Russian Federation and identified promising national vectors for its further implementation in order to increase the level of road safety and the desire to reduce the number of accidents on the road to a minimum value.
Therapeutic Facility for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Łukasik Szczepan , Gosztyła Marek , Gosztyła Tomasz
Published: October 2021

The number of individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is currently growing, and despite this, their needs are rarely accounted for in construction codes and design guidelines. People with ASD are particularly sensitive to the environment, mainly due to the specificity of sensory functioning: either a hyper- or hypo-reactivity to stimuli and non-standard interests in the sensory aspects of their surroundings. The objective of this paper is to present the design of a therapeutic facility for individuals with ASD which incorporates psychological research findings, proposed general guidelines concerning design for this user group, existing buildings and original design solutions.
The right to care
Authors: Gracia Ibáñez Jorge
Published: October 2021

Care is an essential element in the development of social life. However, it is rather an invisible reality. The public debate about who and how should care - the family, the State, the market - is a crucial issue because the current model generates great inequalities. In addition, the gender imbalance marks all this discussion as care is socially attributed to women. Therefore, it is appropriate to approach care from a horizon of democratization of care policies in a rights-based perspective. In this context, the discussion about the articulation of a (human) right to care is especially relevant from the defense of the indivisibility and interdependency between political, civil, and social rights. This work aims, more than a technical or dogmatic analysis, to reflect in a general way about care policies and the construction of a more inclusive citizenship around this central issue for democracy and social development.
VALUASI EKONOMI KAWASAN KONSERVASI MANGROVE BEKANTAN (KKMB) DI KOTA TARAKAN
Authors: Rahajeng Galih Yogi , Wahyuni MS Etty , Arni Arni
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT The benefits that we can see from mangrove forest in Conservation Area for Mangrove and Proboscis (KKMB) are socio-ecological, socio-economic, and socio-cultural aspects. The economic value of natural resources are non-market promotion or cannot be offered. Based on these problems, this study aims to provide economic valuation mangrove forests in KKMB using the Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) analysis by visitors to support conservation of the Conservation Area for Mangrove and Proboscis in Tarakan City. In this study used 100 respondents who were KKMB visitors. The sampling method used are the accidental and quota sampling. The result shown that the total cost of the trip is IDR 2,033,000 and the economic value of the Conservation Area for Mangrove and Proboscis in the Tarakan City with the average travel cost method of respondents / visitors is IDR 20,330. Based on the calculation results obtained TWTP value (Total Willingness to pay) respondents Conservation Area for Mangrove and Proboscis of Rp 348,752,600 / Year, where the population is the number of visitors to the Bekantan Mangrove Conservation Area in Tarakan City. Keywords: Conservation of mangrove, Travel Cost Method, Willingness to Pay, Economic Valuationn ABSTRAK Hutan mangrove di Kawasan Konservasi  Mangrove dan Bekantan (KKMB) kota Tarakan memiliki nilai manfaat yang dapat kita lihat dari beberapa aspek yang terkait yaitu aspek sosio-ekologis, sosio-ekonomis, dan sosio-kultural. Nilai ekonomi sumber daya alam yang menawarkan keindahan alam, pada umumnya bersifat non-market atau tidak dapat diperdagangkan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penilaian  ekonomi hutan mangrove di Kota Tarakan dengan teknik valuasi ekonomi dengan menggunakan Metode Biaya Perjalanan (TCM) dan Analisis WTP (Willingness to pay) kesediaan membayar oleh pengunjung terhadap pemanfaatan Kawasan Konservasi Mangrove Bekantan di Kota Tarakan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 100 responden yang merupakan pengunjung KKMB. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah pengambilan sampel akedensial dan kuota. Hasil Penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa  Total biaya perjalanan yang dikeluarkan adalah sebesar Rp 2.033.000 dan nilai ekonomi Kawasan Konservasi Mangrove Bekantan Kota Tarakan dengan metode biaya perjalanan rata-rata responden /pengunjung adalah Rp 20.330. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai TWTP (Total Willingness to pay) responden Kawasan Konservasi Mangrove Bekantan sebesar Rp 348.752.600/Tahun, dimana populasinya merupakan jumlah pengunjung Kawasan Konservasi Mangrove Bekantan di Kota Tarakan. Kata Kunci: Konservasi mangrove, Metode Biaya Perjalanan, Metode Kesediaan Membayar, Valuasi Ekonomi
Break Energy
Authors:   ,   Universidad Mundo Maya, RICO-GARCÍA Paulina
Published: October 2021

In the present poster we will talk about a new project that will provide us a new way to build a smart house and enjoy the technology in our regular life. In this case we will implement an automated mechanism that are going to be in the lights and the power suppliers
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Kandungan Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak n-Heksan, Etil Asetat dan Etanol 70% biji Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon. L) terhadap bakteri Salmonella thypi dan Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Hati Anita Kumala , Multazamudin Multazamudin , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Indonesia kaya dengan ragam flora, banyak tanaman yang mempunyai aktivitas farmakologis, salah satunya adalah biji melinjo (Gnetum gnemon. L). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ilmiah, menunjukkan bahwa biji melinjo memiliki potensi antibakteri karena mengandung senyawa alkaloid, polifenol, steroid, dan saponin. Salmonell thypi bakteri gram negatif penyebab infeksi tifoid. Streptococcus mutans bakteri gram positif penyebab karies gigi. Pelarut yang berbeda kepolaran akan menarik senyawa yang berbeda kepolaran juga. Hasil uji antibakteri ekstrak n-Heksan dan etil asetat biji melinjo terhadap bakteri Salmonella thypi tergolong lemah, terhadap Streptococcus mutans tergolong sedang, dan dari ekstrak etanol 70% biji melinjo terhadap kedua jenis bakteri tersebut memberikan respon penghambatan kuat. Kandungan senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak n-Heksan dan etil asetat adalah Alkaloid dan Saponin. Kandungan senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak etanol 70% adalah Polifenol dan Saponin.
Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Biji Timun Suri (Cucumis melo L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans secara In Vitro
Authors: Vifta Rissa Laila , Khotimah Siti Khusnul , Luhurningtyas Fania Putri
Published: October 2021

Alternatif antifungi semakin ditingkatkan pada pemanfaatan bahan alam, salah satunya adalah penggunaan Biji Timun Suri. Biji Timun Suri mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin yang berefek sebagai antifungi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antifungi ekstrak Biji Timun Suri (Cucumis melo L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans secara in vitro. Pengujian aktivitas antifungi dilakukan secara mikrodilusi dengan penentuan MIC (minimum inhibition concentration). Rentang konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 3,25%, 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%. Pengujian dilanjutkan dengan penentuan MFC (minimum fungicidal concrentration) dengan metode TPC (Total Pour Plate) dan ditegaskan dengan uji statistik one way Anava. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai MIC esktrak Biji Timun Suri diperoleh pada konsentrasi 50%. Ekstrak Biji timun suri konsentrasi 50% efektif menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans dengan hasil yang sebanding dengan ketokonazole sebagai kontrol positif. Kemampuan ekstrak Biji Timun Suri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur masih bersifat fungistatik dengan melihat pada uji MFC masih terdapat pertumbuhan koloni pada media.
Uji Aktivitas Isolat Actinomycetes (Kode Gst, Kp, Kp11, Kp16, T24, Dan T37) Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus Atcc 25923 Dan Escherichia Coli Atcc 25922
Authors: Ramadhani Melati Aprilliana , Sulistyan Nanik Sulistyan
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK Prevalensi penyakit infeksi belum menunjukkan penurunan dari tahun ke tahun. Faktor penyebab tingginya kasus infeksi adalah pemakaian antibiotika yang telah resisten. Resistensi mikroba yang meningkat terhadap antibiotik dan munculnya mikroba patogen baru telah mengilhami pencarian antibiotik baru dari mikroba. Salah satu kelompok mikroba yang paling potensial sebagai penghasil senyawa obat yang dicari saat ini adalah Actinomycetes. Actinomycetes dikenal sebagai sumber penting untuk antibiotik dan molekul bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas isolat Actinomycetes sebagai penghasil antibiotik terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Hasil isolasi Actinomycetes pada penelitian ini, diberi kode GST, KP, KP11, KP16, T24, dan T37. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri isolat Actinomycetes dengan metode difusi agar yaitu metode sumuran, dengan kontrol positif menggunakan kloramfenikol 20%. Hasil dari uji aktivitas cairan kultur isolat Actinomycetes yaitu kode KP yang menunjukkan bahwa cairan kultur isolat tersebut mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus dan E. coli. Zona penghambatan terhadap S. aureus adalah 5 mm, sedangkan pada E. coli memiliki diameter zona hambat sebesar 3,25 mm.Kata Kunci : Actinomycetes, Uji Aktivitas, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli The prevalence of infectious diseases has not shown a decrease from year to year. The causing factor of infection high cases are antibiotic used that has been resistant. Microbial resistance increased to antibiotics and the emergence of new pathogenic microbes have inspired the research for new antibiotics from microbes. One of the most potential microbial groups as a producer of the drug compounds that are sought at this time is Actinomycetes. Actinomycetes is known as an important source for antibiotics and bioactive molecules. This study aims to determine the activity of Actinomycetes isolates as an antibiotic producer against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The results of the Actinomycetes isolation in this study were given the GST, KP, KP11, KP16, T24, and T37 codes. Antibacterial activity testing of Actinomycetes isolates using diffusion agar method was well method, with positive control using chloramphenicol 20 %. The results of the activity test of the Actinomycetes isolates culture were the KP code which showed that the isolate culture was able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. The inhibitory zone against S.aureus was 5 mm, while at E.coli was 3,25 mm.Keywords : Actinomycetes, Activity Test, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
PECH: Plan Estratégico Chacabuco – Provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Tauber Fernando , Delucchi Diego , Martino Horacio , Sánchez Arrabal María Beatriz
Published: October 2021

Se presenta el trabajo “PECH: Plan Estratégico Chacabuco – Provincia de Buenos Aires”, desarrollado en 2011 por Convenio entre la UNLP y la Municipalidad de Chacabuco - Provincia de Buenos Aires. En el trabajo, se desarrolla el siguiente contenido del proceso de planificación estratégica: 1. SUCESOS HISTÓRICOS RELEVANTES 2. CONSIDERACIONES PRELIMINARES I- Integración territorial y conectividad regional II- Sustentabilidad urbana III- Inclusión y cohesión social IV Economía y producción 3. PLAN ESTRATÉGICO CHACABUCO El recorrido del Plan 4. LÍNEAS ESTRATÉGICAS Línea estratégica 1: Municipio Integrado Territorialmente (Integración+Conectividad regional) Línea estratégica 2: Municipio sustentable con calidad urbana (Sustentabilidad+Ordenamiento urbano) Línea estratégica 3: Municipio inclusivo con cohesión social (Inclusión+Cohesión) Línea estratégica 4: Municipio promotor del empleo y la competitividad productiva (Valor agregado en origen+lnnovación) Línea estratégica 5: Municipio moderno y participativo (Gestión moderna+Ciudadanía+Integración regional)
Inactivation of Airborne Viruses using Newly Designed Emitron
Authors:   Unimech Healthcare, Bangalore (Karnataka), India., K Ramakrishna , K Chaya ,   Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, (Karnataka), India., Mane Rohit S ,   Unimech Healthcare, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Published: October 2021

The objective of the current research is to validate the microbiological quality of Emitron against MS2 phage, Corona virus, bacteria, yeast, and molds. Unimech healthcare designed PMEE based Emitron which is mostly used to reduce the microbial count and virus count in an area. To perform microbiological testing of the Emitron, environmental monitoring was performed for MS2 phage, Corona virus, bacteria, yeast, and molds before and after treatment by settle plate method. Petri plates of sterilized Phage agar, SCDA and PDA media were prepared and exposed for environment monitoring before and after treatment by settle plate method. The phage agar and SCDA plates were incubated at 37°C for 72 hours and PDA plates incubated at 25°C for 5 days. Total of 99% reduction was reported in microbiology lab with respect to the microorganisms after installing Emitron. We can conclude that the Unimech healthcare’s Emitron is virus attenuation device so one can use it to purify the air and kill the viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microbes.
Asociación entre creencias implícitas acerca de la inteligencia y el rendimiento académico en escolares de 10 y 14 años de Arequipa metropolitana
Authors: Melo Peña Joselyn Mayeli , Salcedo Soto Rosario Carolina
Published: October 2021

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar la asociación entre las creencias implícitas acerca de la inteligencia de los escolares con el desempeño escolar de estudiantes de colegios nacionales y particulares del área metropolitana de Arequipa del 5to y 6to grado de primaria y 1er año de secundaria. Corresponde a un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. Se encuestaron a 434 estudiantes de colegios públicos y privados de Arequipa Metropolitana. Se administró la Escala de Teorías Implícitas, traducida y adaptada a la población colombiana y al contexto peruano. Los principales resultados evidencian que los colegios privados presentaron puntajes más altos de mentalidad fija, así como un mejor rendimiento. Se concluye que el rendimiento académico bajo puede verse influenciado por la creencia de la inteligencia incremental, además de no contar con el apoyo en los estudios y entrega de recursos académicos.