bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies for Reducing Flux Consumptions in Atmospheric Controlled Brazing of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Cocian Grigore , Popa Cătălin
Published: October 2014

Increasing performances of thermal engines and the emission reduction requirements force the functioning point of the engines to have higher temperatures, recirculation of a fraction of exhaust gases, and also higher pressure in the engine compartment. These requirements have an impact on the technical and corrosion resistance characteristics of the aluminum heat exchangers that equip these engines. Brazing technology of aluminum alloys is the most energetically effective method, having a low impact on the environment; it consists of a controlled atmosphere binding using NOKOLOK fluxes. The first downside of this method is the flux which even if is chemically inert at ambient temperature, necessitates cleaning operations at the surface of the material, the powders can become an environmental problem if they are not handled carefully; the second downside is the residual flux that resides at outlet and inlet surfaces of the brazed structure can react with the hot cooling agents giving birth to some kind of gel which can alter the heat exchanger’s functionality; the flux particles, in solid state, may detach from the surfaces and may be driven into the cooling loop leading to corrosion of the parts of which the cooling loop is composed of. This paper presents some experimental methods which reduce the flux consumption carried out at RAAL S.A. in their horizontal and vertical controlled atmosphere brazing ovens. These methods point out a significant consumption drop of flux. As a direct consequence we obtained a significant reduction of the residual flux and also the next direction of experimental investigations for obtaining a minimum flux quantity required for the brazing process to run.
Considerations Concerning the Causes and Effects of the Occurrence of Residual Stresses in Metallic Materials: A Review
Authors: Iurea Pavel , Carausu Constantin
Published: October 2014

As a result of the processing procedures of metallic materials and the obtaining of pieces through mechanical processing, residual stresses arise, that may influence the machinability of materials, the performance and lifetime of pieces. Residual stresses are those stresses that exist in both material presence and after the removal of generating sources, they having a significant effect on fracture strength, dimensional stability and shape of the pieces. This paper aims to analyze the current stage of theoretical and experimental research on the causes of the arise of residual stresses and their effects on metallic materials and components made of these materials.The effects of residual stresses can be negative or positive in what concerns the in-service behavior of the pieces. The positives ones are compression residual stresses, which assure an increase of the carrying capacity and fatigue strength. The residual tensile stresses may have negative effects, existing the occurrence of various structural defects or the onset and spreading of fatigue cracks. In order to reduce these effects is recommended a stress relief treatment of the pieces.Summary of experimental research presented in this paper followed the link between residual stresses and machinability of materials (superficial layer hardness), characteristics of their mechanical strength (fracture strength, fracture toughness), the material behavior (resistance to fatigue, cracking, corrosion, abrasion and wear) and residual stresses influence on pieces precision obtained after mechanical processing.
Simulative Effect of Cyclic Prefix in Optical OFDM
Authors: Aldhaibani A.O. , Aljunid S.A. , Anuar Mohd Shamsul , Arief A.R. , Ahmed H.Y.
Published: October 2014

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) techniques that transmit signals through multiple carriers. These carriers (subcarriers) have different frequencies and they are orthogonal to each other. There are different parameters which alter the performance of OFDM system. In this paper, the effect of cyclic prefix length (CP) on optical (OFDM) system is investigated. Although employing a CP as the guard interval is a simple way to combat inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI), it reduces the transmission efficiency of the system. The simulation results show the effect of CP length in power receiver, penalty of power and improved the performance based on signal to noise ratio (SNR). In addition, a tradeoff is needed between reduced interference effects and transmission efficiency.
Electrical Characteristics of GaAs Implanted with High Energy (100 MeV) 28Si and 120Sn Ions
Authors: Ali Yousuf Pyar , Narsale Arun M. , Arora Brij Mohan
Published: October 2014

In this work we carried out electrical characterization of n-GaAs implanted at 300 K with high energy (100 MeV)28Si and120Sn ions to a fluence of 1x1018ions/m2using current–voltage (I-V) measurements. The as implanted samples and samples annealed in the temperature range 373-1123 K have been investigated. Resistance of the samples obtained from I-V curves recorded over the temperature range 110K-270K indicate that the samples implanted with28Si and annealed up to 623 K and the samples implanted with120Sn and annealed up to 723K shows tunnel assisted hoping conduction mechanism. In the other hand,28Si implanted samples annealed to 723K and 823K and120Sn implanted samples annealed to 823K and 923K the electrical conduction mechanism is dominated by thermal hoping between closed defect states.
Information Processing in Significance in Legislation of China’s Environmental Protection Tax - Viewed from the EKC Curve
Authors: Gao Bing Xun , Chen Jun , Zhang Guang Hui
Published: October 2014

Despite the high-speed development since Reform and Opening up, China has payed the price on environment. Guided with the strategy of sustainable development and ecological civilization concept, China’s environmental protection tax, which is considered as an effective way to improve environment , has been proposed to legislation.In the information age, information processing is widely used to explore the nature of economic life. information processing to environmental protection legislation designed to deal with environmental taxes and the effective implementation of great significance, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (The Environmental Kuznets Curve) is devoted to the analysis of economic data and the development of environmental pollution data relations between simulation, this article will deal with the meaning of information processing in China's environmental protection issues related to tax under the perspective of EKC to explore.
Design of Bilateral Automatic Window Cleaning Device Based on Solid Edge
Authors: Xu Guo Lei , Wu Tao
Published: October 2014

This paper introduces an easy-sided automatic window cleaning device, which uses Solid Edge software to design three-dimensional model and simulation analysis of the structure. Contrasted with the function of existing products, this design has such advantages as simple structure, low cost, high efficiency, good effects and so on.
Self-Cooperative Network Coding in Deep Space Communications
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Kai , Xie Li Gang
Published: October 2014

On the condition that there are no available cooperative peers, this paper proposes self-cooperative network coding. Self-cooperative network coding is that the sender makes use of time diversity technologies to offer cooperative information by itself. One advantage of self-cooperative network coding is that with the increase of the number of packets, successful transmission rate become high. Consequently, self-cooperative network coding provides a solution for reliable transmission of the large file in deep space under condition of low signal noise ratio of received signal and huge transmission delay.
Electrospun Nanofibers for Fast Dissolution of Naproxen Prepared Using a Coaxial Process with Ethanol as a Shell Fluid
Authors: Wu Yong Hui , Yu Deng Guang , Li Hua Chuan , Feng Dao Ning
Published: October 2014

The present paper reports a new type of medicated nanofibers loaded with naproxen, which were fabricated using a coaxial electrospinning process with only ethanol as the shell fluid. Field emission scanning electron microscopic observations clearly showed that high quality linear nanofibers with smooth surface and an average diameter of 270 ± 60 nm were generated under a shell-to-core fluid rate ratio of 0.2. X-ray diffraction patterns suggested that the drug was distributed homogeneously in the polymer matrix. In vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the nanofibers could release the entire contained drug in one minute, whereas the commercial naproxen dispersible tablets took over 40 minutes to exhaust all the drug. The coaxial electrospinning process can provide new way for developing novel drug delivery systems.
Experimental Study on De-Fluorinating by Adding Dilute Alkali in Wet Phosphoric Acid Extraction Organic Phase
Authors: Zhang Hai Yan , Yang Jin , Ming Da Zeng , Li Zhi Xiang
Published: October 2014

Possible ways to remove fluoride from phosphoric acid are extraction,but there are always generated a second organic phase ,where still have small amounts of impurities such as fluoride,sulfate,iron,aluminum and heavy metals. The traditional process using pure water or dilute phosphoric acid washing the organic phase to get phosphoric acid ,but the impurities removing rate is not obvious.This study explore a new way to changes the washing detergent,using dilute alkali solution to reduce fluoride content of stripping in phosphoric acid.The optimization of experimental conditions is dilute alkali mass fraction 20%,dosage 0.4%,temperature 45°C,the defluorization rate can be 67.75% and phosphorus pentoxide yield rise to 95.50%.This study provides a new idea to improve defluorination rate in industrial production.
Preparation of Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil with Excellent Properties
Authors: Chu Xiao Meng , Liu Shao Jie , Zhao Feng Qing
Published: October 2014

In this paper, a kind of abundant and environment-friendly material—epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was chosen to be esterified with acrylic acid to produce acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). By studying the influence of various factors including feed rate, reaction temperature, feed ratio, catalyst and inhibitor on the reaction, we got the optimal synthesis conditions: feed ratio is 1.25:1; reaction temperature is 120 °C; feeding time is about 2.5h;the dosage of the inhibitor (TBC) is 0.15 % and the catalyst (Triphenylphosphine oxide) is 1.5 %. The AESO we prepared has low viscosity, low skin irritation, excellent pigment wetting characteristics and so on. It can also be widely used in the manufacture of coating, printing ink, paint, etc.
Research on Photochromic Materials with Synthesis and Properties of 1-(2-Methyl-3-Benzothiophene)-2-[2-Methyl-5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-3-Thienyl]Perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Liao Guang Ming , Zheng Chun Hong , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: October 2014

An asymmetrical photochromic diarylethene1-(2-Methyl-3-benzothiophene)-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1o) was synthesized and its phtochromic, fluorescent properties in both solution and PMMA films were investigated in detail. This compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, the colorless solution of 1o turned to violet with a new visible absorption band centered at 535 nm (ε = 1.08 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1) attributable to the closed-ring isomer 1c. The emission intensity of diarylethene 1o in a photostationary state was quenched to ca. 32% in hexane and 43% in PMMA film.
Molecular Modeling of the Mechanical Effect in the Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process
Authors: Si Li Na , Xie Guo Xin
Published: October 2014

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is currently the unique technology of ultra-fine surface machining for global planarization in the process of ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of multi-layer copper interconnects. Molecular modeling has been demonstrated to be an effective tool to simulate the CMP process, which usually takes place on the nanoscale. Here, recent important progresses on the molecular dynamics simulation investigation into the material removal mechanisms and the roles of particles in the CMP processes are shown. The mechanical effects on the material removal during the CMP process are discussed. Finally, a short summary and future outlook towards this direction will be given.
Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing on Resistive Switching Uniformity of HfAlOx Based RRAM Devices
Authors: Liu Li Feng , Zhang Wei Bing , Wang Yi Ran , Ma Wen Jia , Wang Guo Hui , Sun Bing , Wang Sheng Kai , Liu Hong Gang
Published: October 2014

HfAlOx based RRAM devices were fabricated using atomic layer deposition by modulating deposition cycles for HfO2 and Al2O3. The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the resistive switching uniformity of HfAlOx based RRAM devices was investigated. Compared to the as-deposited devices, the resistive switching uniformity of HfAlOx based RRAM devices after RTA treatment are remarkably improved. The uniformity improvement of HfAlOx based RRAM after RTA treatment is related to microstructure change in the resistive switching film.
Cathodic Prevention and Cathodic Protection of Zinc Mesh Sacrificial Anode for Reinforced Concrete in 15% Salt Water
Authors: Jeong Jin A
Published: October 2014

This study is to acquire the confirmation data regarding the cathodic protection and cathodic prevention characteristics for concrete piles in marine bridges and piers exposed to harsh marine environments. It was possible to confirm the performance of cathodic protection by the measurement of potentials and current density the concrete pile specimens applied with zinc mesh sacrificial anode cathodic protection system. The current density for the cathodic protection (CProt) that CP started after a repair of corrosion was higher than that for the cathodic prevention (CPrev) that CP commenced from the beginning of experiment, and 4 hour depolarization potentials were higher in the CPrev system than in the CProt one, and it was confirmed that the CPrev has more protection effect with less protection current, comparing to the CProt.
Experimental Research on Fabrication Process of Metal Powder for SLS
Authors: Liu Jie
Published: October 2014

In this paper, Vibration-suspense-type process is used to develop a new material, metal or porcelain powder coated with resin or ceramic powder, then it can be sintered and formed without large-power laser. One set of vibration-suspense-type powder-coating equipment is developed and powder material suitable for SLS can be prepared with the equipment. The moving status and the moving process of powder granule in the vibration-suspense-type process are also analyzed. Based on the equipment, Polystyrene-Al powder material, which is suitable for SLS, is successfully prepared. And the optimum process is discussed.
Hot Sizing Experiment Study of TC4 Titanium Alloy Bending Plate
Authors: Zhou Zhao Feng , Ni Xiao Hua , Zhu Xiao Jun
Published: October 2014

The ratio of TC4 titanium alloy’s yield strength (σs) and elastic modulus is very high . Springback amount of TC4 forming is big at room temperature and the quality of TC4 part can be inferior . TC4 titanium alloy needs to be amended after it is formed .The article does the hot sizing experiment study of TC4 titanium alloy. The influence laws of some factors are gotten, which include the process parameters of induction heating and so on. The article establishes the model of TC4’s hot sizing through ANSYS software. Hot sizing numerical simulation of TC4 is done through ANSYS LS-DYNA solution. Some rules and optimum parameters are found., which are expected to be applied to the production. Keywords:TC4 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V); hot sizing; high frequency induction; experiment research
The Experiment Study on Parameters of Duncan-Chang Model for Silt Based on Different Water Content
Authors: Zhang Xun Zhong , Wang Ru Heng , Jia Bin
Published: October 2014

Duncan-Chang model can reflect soil’s nonlinear behavior much better, its’ concept is clear and easy to understand. In this paper, through triaxial test, parameters of Duncan-Chang model were gained by analyzing characteristics of Silt’s stress-strain Cures. A key factor, effecting silt’s stability, is the moisture content; there is a optimum moisture content in silt, in this moisture content, silt’s parameters of Duncan-Chang model can reach to the optimal state.
Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese Phosphate Aluminosilicate Molecular Sieve
Authors: Luo Wu Kui , Ying Shao Ming , Zhou Mei Zhen
Published: October 2014

Using conventional hydrothermal synthesis method, n-butylamine as an organic templating agent (C4H11N), phosphoric acid, tetraethyl orthosilicate, aluminum hydroxide, and manganese acetate as starting material, by adjusting the amount of the crystallization conditions and reactants pH, phosphate synthesized manganese-containing aluminosilicate zeolite. The molar ratio between the raw material is n (P): n (Si): n (Al): n (Mn): n (H2O): n (C4H11N) = (1.8 ~ 2.2): (0.15 ~ 0.2): (0.8 ~ 0.9): (0.6 ~ 0.8): (2.4 ~ 4.5): (1.1 ~ 1.4), pH in the range of 5.30 ~ 5.50, the crystallization temperature was 150 °C ~ 170 °C, the crystallization time is 24 ~ 30 h, the curve indicated by DSC-TG, synthesized molecular sieve obtained with a more good thermal stability.
Photocatalytic Water Splitting over Ag/TiO2 Nano-Wire Films
Authors: Hu Yang , Pan Chao , Gao Cai Xia , Fan Jun , Liu En Zhou
Published: October 2014

Plasmonic Ag decorated TiO2 nano-wire film was firstly prepared by the combination of a hydrothermal method and a microwave-assisted chemical reduction process. The results show that Ag deposited TiO2 film exhibits obvious visible light absorption due to surface plasmon resonance absorption of Ag nanoparticles. Besides, fluorescence quenching is observed in the composite film under the excitation of 250 nm. Photocatalytic tests show that Ag deposited TiO2 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 production by water splitting due to the synergistic effect between charge transfer and surface plasmon resonance absorption properties of Ag nanoparticles.
Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties of Fluorescent PEDOT/PSS Composite
Authors: Li Xin , Li Cong Ju
Published: October 2014

A novel kind of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) composite was synthesized through chemical oxidation polymerization in the presence of fluorescent yellow GG (FYGG) as the functional co-dopant and Poly(vinyl alcohol) as the film-forming additives. The as-prepared composite was found combined with fluorescent function and electrochromic property. Film of the PEDOT/PSS-FYGG composites switches from green in the reduction state to blue-green in the oxidized state, which is different from the pure PEDOT/PSS of light blue (-0.2V) and dark blue (0.8V). Because of the big molecule of FYGG as the dopant, the response time reaching 90% of the full optical contrast of PEDOT/PSS-FYGG was 1.77s for the coloration process and 1.78s for the reverse bleach process, which is a little slower than the pure PEDOT/PSS. Additionally, PEDOT/PSS-FYGG film presents a good stability. It is shown that acid dye doping is an effective method to broaden the color change range of the electrochromic mateials.
A New Intumescent Flame Retardant on Epoxy Resin
Authors: Sun Chun Feng , Gao Ming
Published: October 2014

The cheaper phosphoric acid was uesd to replace the phosphorus oxychloride, starch was used to replace pentaerythritol and water as solvent to synthesize a new low-cost intumescent flame retardant (IFR)—starch phosphate ethylenediamine salts. The structure of the IFR was characterized with infrared spectroscopy. The IFR was used to impart flame retardancy to the Epoxy self-leveling floor (Epoxy Resin, EP) to get the fireproof Epoxy self-leveling floor. The results of test showed that 20% of IFR limit oxygen index of EP/IFR composite reach 31.0%. The results show that flame retardant catalyze the pyrolysis of epoxy resin into charcoal; Vertical burning passed UL94 V-0 rating.
Inhibition of TGFα-Saporin on Neointimal Hyperplasia via Inhibiting Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Promoting its Apoptosis
Authors: Luo Jian , Zeng Ou , Xiao Ting , Li Fang , Wu Zhi Xiong , Chu Chun , Yu Xi Yong , Lin Shu Guang , Yang Jun
Published: October 2014

Objective: To investigate the effects of TGFα-SAP on the inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia of rat which suffered from common carotid arterial injury. Methods: Saporin and TGFα were conjugated by using N-succinimidyl-3 (2-pyridyldithio) propionate. seventy rats were divided into two groups at random, the TGFα-SAP treated group was treated with local injection of TGFα-SAP (5μg/kg) after injury, and the control group was treated with saline. PCNA analysis and TUNEL analysis were performed. Results: Compared to the control group, the TGFα-SAP treated group showed a significant inhibition of intimal thickness and exhibited a lower P/A ratio and a higher rate of apoptosis. Conclusion: TGFα-SAP, as a potential stent coating material, could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting the proliferation and promoting the apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in the neointima.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyl-Terminated Hyperbranched Polyester
Authors: Niu Shi Jie , Wang Jian , Bai Yu Qing , Run Ming Tao
Published: October 2014

In order to prepare carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (HBP-COOH), succinic anhydride was used to modify hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (HBP-OH), and the influences of the solvents, catalysts and time on the product’s structure were investigated. When THF is used as the solvent, sodium acetate as the catalyst, the molar ratio of succinic anhydride and hydroxyl groups is 3:1, and the reaction time is 6 h at 65°C, the modification extent of the hydroxyl groups is about 99% with about 95% yield. HBP-COOH has much lower glass transition temperature than that of HBP-OH due to its long and flexible end-groups.
The Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ren Xiao Dan , Liu Qing Shan , Feng Hui , Yin Xiao Ying
Published: October 2014

To study the performance of chitosan nanoparticles systematically, we characterized MMA, chitosan and synthesized chitosan nanoparticles by Raman spectroscopy. Through analyzing the characteristic peaks of each substance, we found MMA grafted chitosan by opening its carbon-carbon double bond. So Raman spectroscopy is a very effective way in terms of the characterization of nanomaterials .
Synthesis, Characterization and Smart-Release Organic Inhibitor for Anticorrosion Coating
Authors: Liu Yan Mei , Zhang Cun Liang , Lou Shu Fang , Wang Qing
Published: October 2014

Corrosion inhibitor-inorganic clay composite including 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) anions intercalating Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) assembled via anion-exchange reaction. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analysing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the MBI anion are successfully intercalated into the LDHs interlayer. The benzene plane is horizontal arrangement rather than vertical orientation in the interlayer spacing. The active anticorrosive property of AA2024 alloy with the active anticorrosion coating is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sol-gel coating doped with the LDHs clearly demonstrates long-term anticorrosive performances compared to the undoped sol-gel coating, due to the release of corrosion inhibitor from the LDHs.
Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by a Novel PAA@Fe-Si Composite Material
Authors: Shuai Chao , Liao Yun Wen , Gao He Jun , Zhang Luan Luan
Published: October 2014

A novel organic-inorganic PAA@Fe-Si composite material was synthesized by acrylic acid and mesoporous iron-incorporated material and used as an efficient and specific adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye from aqueous solution. The properties of the composite material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric. The effects of initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on MB adsorption and temperature have been investigated. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of PAA@Fe-Si reached 587mg/g at 298 K, which was much better than pure Fe-Si adsorbent.
Distribution and Fractionation of Lead and Cadmium in a Long-Term Zinc Smelting Areas
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Hai Bo , Lv Xue Dong , Ma Ji Fu
Published: October 2014

Pb, Cd contamination is a serious enviroment problem in the process of exploitation and utilization of zinc mine. In this study, the contents and different fractions of Pb, Cd were investigated in a regions of zinc smelting with indigenous method. The results revealed that Pb, Cd pollution were seriously in smelting slags and farmland. The contents of Pb, Cd were 34 times and 9 times as that of the background values of soil. The sequential extraction test showed that 80% of Pb were associated with residual Pb, Fe-Mn oxides bound Pb and Organic bound Pb, while exchangeable fractions Pb was quitely lower.The sequence of Cd fracttions in slags was residual fraction>Fe-Mn oxide-bound>Exchangeable> Carbonate-bound > Organic-bound. The exchangeable fraction Cd in farmland soils was the most and reached 24%~43%. Bioavailability of Cd is very high in the studied area and had huge threat to the crop security and human healthy.
Haze Formation and the Influence of Ethanol Gasoline of Severe Cold Area on Haze
Authors: Bai Li , Chang Wen Tao
Published: October 2014

By analyzing the composition of haze and its formation mechanism, this thesis studies the impact of ethanol gasoline combustion products: aerosol particles, particulate matter, additional products (aldehydes and ketones, etc.) and water on severe cold area regional haze formation. The results show that the effect of ethanol gasoline combustion products on haze formation is also very serious. Therefore, this article does not recommend excessive use of ethanol gasoline in the cold winter.
Investigation on Soil Physiochemical Properties and Heavy Metal Contamination Characteristics in Two Types of Sites
Authors: Li Yan Mei , Zhou Xiao Yong , Yang Jun
Published: October 2014

We investigated soil physiochemical properties and heavy metal contamination characteristics in steel and chemical sites, aimed to provide theoretical basis for future site remediation. Results indicated that: soils in both sites showed sandy and alkaline trend. Soil total phosphorus, total potassium, and available nitrogen content in steel site, and total and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in chemical site were lower than that in farmland soil. Soil lead and zinc contamination in steel site and soil arsenic contamination in chemical site should be given priority in remediation. In addition, cadmium and arsenic risk in steel site and mercury risk in chemical site should also be paid sufficient attention.
Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationship for Predicting Acute Toxicity of Alkylbenzenes
Authors: Zhou Zhi Xiang , Liu Yang Hua
Published: October 2014

Acute toxicity is an important toxicological endpoint which poses a great concern being the major determinants of health problem, a quantitative structure toxicity relationship (QSTR) study was performed for the prediction of the acute toxicity of alkylbenzenes. The molecular descriptors of alkylbenzenes have been calculated with semi-empirical AM1 and E-dragon methods, and QSTR model for mice via the oral LD50 model of alkylbenzenes was developed using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis.
A SAW Filter of Elliptic Structure IDT
Authors: Wang Dai Qiang , Li Liang Rong , Chen Yu Qing , Yao Zu Ming , Gong Hong , Liu Qiao
Published: October 2014

The design uses silicon-AlN thin films as the piezoelectric substrate, Use apo- dization weighting methods to optimize the design of IDT. The improved δ function model was Modeling Tools of Apodization weighted ellipse IDT structure, According to the result of simulation, we designed a layout of SAW band-pass filter and fabricated a sample of it which center frequency is 300MHz and insertion loss is 7dB, The research shows the consistency of simulation results with the experimental results.
The Design of Control System of Cursor Movement Based EEG
Authors: Wang Nian Nian , Wang Ying Zhi , Zhu Li Fu , Tan Ze Xiang , Wang Di , Sun Yue , Li Ming Yue , Liu Guo Zhong
Published: October 2014

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems support direct communication and control between brain and external devices without use of peripheral nerves system and muscles. BCI can convert electro-encephalogram (EEG) to the control signal to try repairing function for patients. So the study of BCI can improve the life quality of the patients. This system acquires EEG signals due to the left/right hand motor imagery among the normal subjects. For the processing of motor imagery EEG, we adopt the feature extraction method of second order moment in specific frequency band and the feature classification of linear discriminate analysis. Through the analysis of motor imagery EEG, we convert the data results into external control signal to control the movement of the cursor displayed on the computer. The experimental results show that the EEG analysis method makes it feasible and effective for disabled patients communicating with the outside world, and provides the basis for further study of brain-machine interface. Keywords: EEG; motor imagery; cursor movement; second-order moment.
The Analysis of the Loss Rate of Information Packet of Double Queue Single Server in Bi-Directional Cable TV Network
Authors: Ding Hong Wei , Yang Ya Wei , Guo Jia , Wang Yong , Guo Ying Ying , Liu Qian Lin
Published: October 2014

The transformation of loss rate analysis for the Bi-directional cable TV network is becoming more and more important. In this paper, the authors employ the double queue single server system to the information of Bi-directional cable TV network in the analysis of information packet. The information of Bi-directional cable network packets are calculated and analyzed theoretically and the loss rate of the information packet is also simulated by computer in this paper. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis and simulation are consistent. And the network of Bi-directional information packet using double queue single server modeling of cable television in the transformation of loss rate analysis provides reference to the theoretical analysis and computer simulation.
Influence of Grain Size on Bake Hardenability for Low Carbon Steel by Internal Friction Method
Authors: Li Wei Juan , Zhang Heng Yi , Fu Hao , Zhang Jian Ping , Qi Xiang Yu
Published: October 2014

We presented the comparative influence of two different grain size on bake hardenability for low carbon steel dependent internal friction (IF) spectra. Samples that had a ferrite structure consisting of two peaks and a linear background. Analyzed the grain size and grain boundary length of low carbon steel by EBSD technique. The results showed that: the grain refinement increased the number of initial solute carbon atoms and the effect of movable dislocations pinning by carbon. So grain refinement of low carbon steel could enhance its bake hardening properties.
Improvement of Clustering Algorithm for WSNs
Authors: Chen Qi Gong , Wang Yong Zhi , Wei Li Sheng , Gao Wen Gen
Published: October 2014

Energy consumption is a hot issue in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). In this paper, we present an improved clustering algorithm. By changing the order of traditional WSNs clustering algorithm, this algorithm uses k-means clustering firstly base on optimal number of cluster head is determined; Then selects cluster head by an improved LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm; Finally, Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach can reduces energy consumption and increases the lifetime of the WSNs.
Enhancing Operations of Supply Chain Management through a Responsive Information Framework
Authors: Lau Henry
Published: October 2014

Logistics management becomes an important competency in today’s highly competitive market; it has been a focus on the research of information systems, which act as the tools to enhance the capability of supply chain network. To compete and survive in this ever-changing global marketplace, individual companies can hardly survive in isolation of their business partners, suppliers, and other service providers. However, the lack of a seamless interchange and efficient data analysis hinders the formation of an effective information infrastructure that serves as the platform for data interchange of the heterogeneous database systems in the supply chain network. This paper proposed an infrastructure of information system that encompasses data mining and workflow management capability by adopting the advanced technologies of Online Analysis Process (OLAP) and workflow management system to facilitate supply chain management.
Studies on the Dynamic Performance of the Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Impacted by the Damage at Some Key Positions of the Side Piers
Authors: Yao Bo Qiang , Dong Jun , Qi Zhi Gang
Published: October 2014

Continuous rigid frame bridge is widely used in bridge construction because of its superior characteristics, with its piers increasing. Shown in previous studies, the key positions of the side pier or lower pier at the top and the bottom of the pier yield firstly and then get into the plastic stage in the action of earthquake. So in this condition, dynamic analysis of the continuous rigid frame bridge impacted by the consolidation damage that may occur at the pier top and the bottom is studied in the paper. In the process, the consolidation damage degree is introduced in order to characterize the damage qualitatively. And then Midas/Civil 2010 is adopted to analyze the structure by modeling. Finally, some conclusions are obtained, including that the consolidation damage has a significant impact on the dynamic features, effect on the structure when the damage respectively happens at the two key sections is extremely close, and almost all value of the dynamic feature changes is located in the condition when the damage degree is less than 10%. The job above all in this paper may provide a valuable reference for the seismic analysis and the technique of damage identification and location in continuous rigid frame bridge.
Definition of Critical Loading on Three-Layered Plate with Cuts by Transition from Static Problem to Stability Problem
Authors: Kipiani Gela
Published: October 2014

In the paper stated method that is grounded on the following idea, firstly applied in the work [1]. The critical state equation of compression plate is obtained from according equations of lateral bending of same plate, if is made the substitution
-P=T10Wx''+2S0T10Wxy''+T20Wy''
where T10, S°, T20-are the components of external compressive loading.
Further the obtained differential equations are transferred into algebraic equations by approximation of deflection by system of preliminary selected functions and application of one of variation methods. From the obtained algebraic equations are defined the parameters of critical loading.
The applied in the work method is that firstly is solved the static problem and are found deflection functions, subjected to concentrated loading in the point x=ξ, y=η, corresponding for al singularities, arising due the cuts influence. Actually at this are found the Green’s functions. This task is solved analytically and due the application of special discontinuous functions, the function of deflection is expressed as rapidly convergence series. Practically for the definition of deflection is sufficient the keeping of one term of series.
Due the stated above [2] also is considered the solution in the refined formulation. The definition of critical loading on three-layered plate on grounded on the accordingly static problem.
Numerical Analysis of Aluminum Cellular Beams with Cells of Different Arrangement
Authors: Derlatka Anna , Kasza Przemysław
Published: October 2014

The paper presents a numerical analysis of cellular beams with cells of different arrangement. The ADINA System based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used in the calculations. The beams made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy are analysed. Such beams are used in civil engineering and aircraft industry as load-bearing parts. The beam components are joined by Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW). The I-profile beams with cell diameter of 62 mm are analysed. The beam length is 0.8 m and its cross section is 50x100mm. The bending of fixed-end beams with concentrated load is analysed. Extreme values of the displacement for the beams material and RFSSW joints are emphasized. The effective stresses for the beams and RFSSW joints are calculated. Normal stresses in the top flanges, bottom flanges and webs are given.
The Characterization of Porosity and Frost Resistance of Concrete with Fly Ashes Modified
Authors: Halbiniak Jacek , Langier Bogdan
Published: October 2014

The paper presents the influence of fly ashes for the parameters which define the characteristics of the air pore and frost resistance of aerated concrete. Concrete which was used in the maximum allowable amount of fly ashes and different amounts of air admixture have been evaluated. Test of concrete mix have been performed such as the slump cone consistency and air content with pressure method used. Compressive strength, the depth of water penetration under pressure, at 150 cycles freeze resistance and the characteristics of the air pores have been evaluated for concrete. Parameters characterizing the pore structure have been marked: the total air content in concrete A, the ratio of pores location L, the content of micropores A300. The results of the study have shown that it is possible to provide good frost resistance of concrete containing fly ashes. Air content of about 4% provides increased resistance to frost well as the use of fly ashes. The condition of frost resistance is to ensure the proper pore structure of the aircraft.
Comparison of Measured Displacement of the Plate in Interaction with the Subsoil and the Results of 3D Numerical Model
Authors: Labudková Jana , Čajka Radim
Published: October 2014

In the context with the solution of interaction of foundation structures and subsoil is complexity of a static solution given mainly by selection of a computational model, effects of physical-nonlinear behaviour of such structure and co-effects of the upper structure and the foundation structure. The purpose of this paper is to compare subsidence of the foundation measured during the experiment and numerical calculations based on FEM. This paper describes how calculated deformations depend on parameters of subsoil modelled by 3D finite elements. The parametric study includes charts of the dependence of resulting deformation on the choice of boundary conditions, on the size of the modeled area represents the subsoil, on the depth of 3D subsoil model and the size of the ground area 3D subsoil model.
Post-Cracking Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Subsoil Interaction
Authors: Pieszka Daniel , Kubečka Karel , Kološ Ivan
Published: October 2014

The aim of the paper is to investigate the flexural behavior and property changes of concrete structures reinforced by steel fibers (SFRC) and to use the results for carrying capacity assessment of SFRC post-cracked slab on ground structure with subsoil interaction effect. Because the national codes cover neither design nor assessment of SFRC structures the investigation is generally based on the nonlinear fracture mechanics models to establish the stress-crack opening and load-crack mouth opening displacement relationship. Then the flexural tensile strength and residual flexural tensile strength of the post-cracked SFRC structure is determined with respect to subsoil interaction.
Investigations of RC Shear Wall-Frame Structures with Various Openings in Walls under Earthquake Loading
Authors: Dadayan Tigran , Roudi Ehsan
Published: October 2014

Almost all high-rise buildings have been constructed in the Republic of Armenia for past twenty-five years are Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear wall–frame structures, where shear walls provide most of the stiffness of buildings. The walls in these buildings are designed to sustain earthquake and wind loads. Vulnerability of them during earthquake action depends on many different factors. Some of them are the openings and its location in the walls. Usage of ground stories as parking and garages is demanded large openings in shear walls therefore determination of ultimate sizes of openings is important problems for designers.
In this paper, FEM (Finite Element Method) models are used for investigation of stress-strain state of RC wall–frame buildings with various openings in the walls under action of seismic forces. Limitation of size and position of openings are considered in the paper taking into account of building code of Armenia. Various schemes of openings are considered in the article. The existing experimental data of shear walls were performed in various laboratories have been compared with our numerical investigation of RC models based on nonlinear computer analyses. Dynamic analyses of structures using accelerograms are showed sequence of damages in RC wall-frame models. The recommendations for limitation of ratio area of an opening to the whole area of a wall are proposed at the end of the article.
Empirical Cellular Automata Model to Predict Failure Patterns of Laterally Loaded Masonry Wall Panel
Authors: Pan Deng , Qi Cheng Zhi , Luo Jian
Published: October 2014

This paper proposed an empirical relative variation coefficient to improve performance of cellular automata model which was put forward by Zhou[1] to predict failure patterns of masonry wall panels under lateral load. The improved empirical cellular automata model could take discreteness of failure patterns into account. Then, parameter analysis of the empirical variation coefficient was conducted to find out its reasonable value interval. Consequently, a serial failure patterns could be predicted on the basis of each experimental record. A comparison between predicted failure patterns and experimental results has been made, which proved the empirical cellular model with relative variation coefficient was not only one-to-multiple, but also valid.
Methods to Assess Load Capacity of the Old Wooden Building Components
Authors: Dubała Kamil , Selejdak Jacek
Published: October 2014

Wooden constructions are very susceptible to damage caused by improper operating conditions. Depending on the work conditions of construction the consumption manifest itself through: growth of cracks, loose connections, exceeding the allowable diffracts, constant moisture, development of fungus and mold, the occurrence of pests. Determining the type of these defects and their impact on work conditions is the topic of this article. Determination of strength properties of the component consist on establishing the type and kind of wood used in the construction and its class making it is possible to assign standardized permissible stress values and the modulus of elasticity. Determination of the extent to which the original cross-section of the component has been damaged during operation (shallow or deep crack, shrinkage crack, damage of internal structure of the wood by insects and fungus, moisture) allows to determine how much the strength properties of the wood component has been deteriorated. The static-strength analysis aims to determine the actual strength of load capacity of the component and stability of the whole object after taking into account the adverse impact of consumption and damage of the construction and allows determining and selecting suitable variant of renovation, repair or enhance the construction of the object. The article depicted the methods of determining the rate of consumption of the construction and taking into account the effect of cracks, moisture, fungi and insects action on the load capacity of wooden components..
Research of Nonstationary Laminar Flow of Decelerating Viscous Fluid in Circular Cylindrical Communications
Authors: Tokmajyan H.V. , Sarukhanyan T.A.
Published: October 2014

Flow of viscous fluid in automation and control hydraulic systems usually is nonstationary. In such conditions research of viscous fluid unstable flow are important first of all for obtaining hydraudynamic parameters of flow and secondly, they will enable to design the system accurately and provide efficient performance of an actuator.
Study of nonstationary flow of viscous fluid in cylindrical canals of circular cross-section was carried out when pressure gradiend of stationary moving flow suddenly decreases resulting in slow down of motion of fluid particles. As a result quadrically parabolic pattern of velocities is changed and their rearrangement occurs leading to a change of the flow hydraudynamic parameters. A boundary problem has been defined for the above conditions, preliminary and initial conditions have been determined and respective hydraudynamic parameters of the flow obtained. These parameters enable to reveal energy losses formation mechanism and evaluate their measure.
On One Class of Boundary Value Problems of the Steady-State Filtration Theory in Porous Grounds
Authors: Mkhitaryan Suren M. , Tokmajyan H.V.
Published: October 2014

:In the framework of Darcy's law of filtration the investigation results of one class of boundary value problems of the steady-state filtration theory in porous ground base are presented. The plane mixed bounadry value problems on the structural analysis of hydrotechnical con­struction of dam type on filtrating ground base in the form of a layer of finite or infinite thickness are considered. The coefficient of filtration is assumed to be constant, piecewise constant, or changing by the depth of base according to the exponential law, the property of anisotropy of filtration is also taken into account.
Axis-symmetric and three-dimentional boundary value problems of the theory of steady-state fluid filtration in a three-dimentional layer of a finite or infinite thickness are discussed. These problems are of the type of Lamb well-known hydrodynamic problems in the theory of steady-state flow of the ideal fluid, when through the circular or rectangular openeing of a rigid screen on the upper bound of the layer the liquid with a definite vertical velocity or with a definite pressure is injected into porous ground base. Here, the fields of velocities and pressures in the layer, as well as flow rates of liquid through the certain sections of the ground base are determined.