bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renal and segmental artery hemodynamics during whole body passive heating and cooling recovery
Authors: Chapman Christopher L. , Benati Julia M. , Johnson Blair D. , Vargas Nicole T. , Lema Penelope C. , Schlader Zachary J.
Published: August 2019

High environmental temperatures are associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury, which may be related to reductions in renal blood flow. The susceptibility of the kidneys may be increased because of heat stress-induced changes in renal vascular resistance (RVR) to sympathetic activation. We tested the hypotheses that, compared with normothermia, increases in RVR during the cold pressor test (CPT, a sympathoexcitatory maneuver) are attenuated during passive heating and exacerbated after cooling recovery. Twenty-four healthy adults (22 ± 2 yr; 12 women, 12 men) completed CPTs at normothermic baseline, after passive heating to a rise in core temperature of ~1.2°C, and after cooling recovery when core temperature returned to ~0.2°C above normothermic baseline. Blood velocity was measured by Doppler ultrasound in the distal segment of the right renal artery (Renal, n = 24 during thermal stress, n = 12 during CPTs) or the middle portion of a segmental artery (Segmental, n = 12). RVR was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by renal or segmental blood velocity. RVR increased at the end of CPT during normothermic baseline in both arteries (Renal: by 1.0 ± 1.0 mmHg·cm−1·s, Segmental: by 2.2 ± 1.2 mmHg·cm−1·s, P ≤ 0.03), and these increases were abolished with passive heating ( P ≥ 0.76). At the end of cooling recovery, RVR in both arteries to the CPT was restored to that of normothermic baseline ( P ≤ 0.17). These data show that increases in RVR to sympathetic activation during passive heating are attenuated and return to that of normothermic baseline after cooling recovery.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our data indicate that increases in renal vascular resistance to the cold pressor test (i.e., sympathetic activation) are attenuated during passive heating, but at the end of cooling recovery this response returns to that of normothermic baseline. Importantly, hemodynamic responses were assessed in arteries going to (renal artery) and within (segmental artery) the kidney, which has not been previously examined in the same study during thermal and/or sympathetic stressors.
Glibenclamide-Induced Autophagy Inhibits Its Insulin Secretion-Improving Function in β Cells
Authors: Zhou Jiali , Kang Xincong , Luo Yushuang , Yuan Yuju , Wu Yanyang , Wang Meijun , Liu Dongbo
Published: August 2019

Diabetes is a metabolic disease, partly due to hypoinsulinism, which affects ∼8% of the world’s adult population. Glibenclamide is known to promote insulin secretion by targeting β cells. Autophagy as a self-protective mechanism of cells has been widely studied and has particular physiological effects in different tissues or cells. However, the interaction between autophagy and glibenclamide is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Herein, we showed that glibenclamide promoted insulin release and further activated autophagy through the adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in MIN-6 cells. Inhibition of autophagy with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) potentiated the secretory function of glibenclamide further. These results suggest that glibenclamide-induced autophagy plays an inhibitory role in promoting insulin secretion by activating the AMPK pathway instead of altering the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
Dry Eye Analysis: A Citation Network Study
Authors: Sanchez-Tena Miguel Angel M. A. , Alvarez-Peregrina Cristina C. , Villa-Collar Cesar C.
Published: August 2019

Introduction. Dry eye is one of the most frequent eye problems with prevalence and incidence from 5% to 50%. Citation network analysis allows us to simplify information in a visual way and provides a better understanding of the research done in a specific field. The objective of this paper is to quantify and analyse the relationships among the scientific literature in this field using citation network analysis. Materials and Methods. The program used to analyse the citations was CitNetExplorer®. Previously, papers published in the research field during a predefined period were found using the keywords defined in Web of ScienceTM (WOS). Results. Using the keyword “dry eye,” during the period 2007 to 2018, the most cited paper is by Lemp, MA (2007), with a citation index score of 913 in our citation network containing 6,500 most relevant papers. Analysing clustering, we found 5 relevant groups that match the main areas of research in this field: definition and classification, treatment, retina, refractive surgery, and quality of vision. Core Publication is composed of 64% of the papers in the network, which is a high percentage. It indicates a clear focus on the research carried out in this field. Conclusions. This citation network analysis shows definition and classification of dry eye to be the most researched area in this field, followed by treatment.
Performance Improvement in Pile Anchor System for Deep Foundation Excavation Using Electroosmotic Chemical Treatment
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Bing-Hui , Wang Li-Yan , Jing Li-Ping , Fang Chen , Shan Zhen-Dong
Published: August 2019

Anchoring force is vital to ensure the acceptable performance of a pile anchor system when supporting deep foundation excavation. The soft soil has several physical properties, such as low shear strength, high water content, large void ratio, and high flowability. Traditional grouting and anchoring techniques have demonstrated technical limits to deal with these soil properties in engineering projects, and accordingly, the anchoring force in the pile anchor system is difficult to meet design requirements. This paper conducted an experimental investigation on the performance improvement in a pile anchor system using the electroosmotic chemical treatment method, with an emphasis on the deep foundation application. Experimental tests and field studies were designed to enhance anchor capacity of a pile anchor system using self‐designed devices. The laboratory experiments utilized a simplified anchor system in which anchors were designed as the electrodes to conduct the electroosmotic chemical treatment and consolidate the soft marine soil collected from the project site. In addition, static load tests were conducted on the tested soil to measure the anchoring force. Finally, parametric analyses were performed to investigate effects of several parameters on anchoring force in terms of the ultimate pull‐out capacity of the anchor, identifying critical parameters for the field study. Based on laboratory test results, field studies were carried out in the Yingkou city. The results from field studies were compared with laboratory test results to validate feasibility of electroosmotic chemical treatment for a pile anchor system.
Gas6/TAM Axis in Sepsis: Time to Consider Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Salmi Livia , Gavelli Francesco , Patrucco Filippo , Caputo Marina , Avanzi Gian Carlo , Castello Luigi Mario
Published: August 2019

Tyrosine kinase receptors are transmembrane proteins involved in cell signaling and interaction. Among them, the TAM family (composed by Tyro 3, Axl, and Mer) represents a peculiar subgroup with an important role in many physiological and pathological conditions. Despite different mechanisms of activation (e.g., protein S and Galactin-3), TAM action is tightly related to their common ligand, a protein named growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). Since the expression of both TAM and Gas6 is widely distributed among tissues, any alteration of one of these components can lead to different pathological conditions. Moreover, as they are indispensable for homeostasis maintenance, in recent years a growing interest has emerged regarding their role in the regulation of the inflammatory process. Due to this involvement, many authors have demonstrated the pivotal role of the Gas6/TAM axis in both sepsis and the sepsis-related inflammatory responses. In this narrative review, we highlight the current knowledge as well as the last discoveries on TAM and Gas6 implication in different clinical conditions, notably in sepsis and septic shock. Lastly, we underline not only the feasible use of Gas6 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in certain systemic acute conditions but also its potential therapeutic role in these life-threatening diseases.
An Efficient Approximation for Nakagami‐m Quantile Function Based on Generalized Opposition‐Based Quantum Salp Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Gao Hongyuan , Hou Yangyang , Zhang Shibo , Diao Ming
Published: August 2019

With the further research in communication systems, especially in wireless communication systems, a statistical model called Nakagami‐m distribution appears to have better performance than other distributions, including Rice and Rayleigh, in explaining received faded envelopes. Therefore, the Nakagami‐m quantile function plays an important role in numerical calculations and theoretical analyses for wireless communication systems. However, it is quite difficult to operate numerical calculations and theoretical analyses because Nakagami‐m quantile function has no exact closed‐form expression. In order to obtain the closed‐form expression that is able to fit the curve of Nakagami‐m quantile function as well as possible, we adopt the method of curve fitting in this paper. An efficient expression for approximating the Nakagami‐m quantile function is proposed first and then a novel heuristic optimization algorithm—generalized opposition‐based quantum salp swarm algorithm (GO‐QSSA)—which contains quantum computation, intelligence inspired by salp swarm and generalized opposition‐based learning strategy in quantum space, to compute the coefficients of the proposed expression. Meanwhile, we compare GO‐QSSA with three swarm intelligence algorithms: artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), and salp swarm algorithm (SSA). The comparing simulation results reveal that GO‐QSSA owns faster convergence speed than PSO, ABC, and SSA. Moreover, GO‐QSSA is capable of computing more accurately than traditional algorithms. In addition, the simulation results show that compared with existing curve‐fitting‐based methods, the proposed expression decreases the fitting error by roughly one order of magnitude in most cases and even higher in some cases. Our approximation is proved to be simple and efficient.
Screening for Intracranial Aneurysms in Patients with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Malhotra Ajay , Seifert Kimberly , Wu Xiao , Matouk Charles , Elefteriades John A.
Published: August 2019

Introduction: A higher prevalence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) has been previously reported by retrospective studies in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of IAs in a large cohort of prospectively screened patients with TAAs and identify potential risk factors. Methods: Patients above 18 years with TAAs who were prospectively screened for IAs using computed tomographic angiogram/magnetic resonance angiogram over a 9-year period were included in the study. Patient demographics, comorbidities, aortic, and IA locations and sizes were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed with the χ2 test for categorical variables and the Student t test or ANOVA for continuous variables. Results: Five hundred and fifty-four patients with TAAs were prospectively screened for IAs and included in the study. Thirty-one IAs were identified in 27 patients (prevalence = 4.9%). The prevalence of IAs in patients with ascending TAAs was 4.51% and in descending TAAs was 9.09%. Twenty out of 31 IAs were 2 mm in size, 6/31 were 3 mm, and 5/31 were 4 mm in size. Hypertension was associated with an increased prevalence of IAs, especially in patients with descending TAAs. Discussion/Conclusion: The prevalence of IAs in patients with TAAs may not be as high as described in previous retrospective studies. Our results suggest that the prevalence of IAs in patients with TAAs is similar to the general population. Study results reveal that IAs have a higher correlation to patients with descending TAAs, although not statistically significant. Hypertension was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for IAs in patients with TAAs.
Differential Changes in Functional Connectivity of Striatum-Prefrontal and Striatum-Motor Circuits in Premanifest Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Kronenbuerger Martin , Hua Jun , Bang Jee Y.A. , Ultz Kia E. , Miao Xinyuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Pekar James J. , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Duan Wenzhen , Margolis Russell L. , Ross Christopher A.
Published: August 2019

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The striatum is one of the first brain regions that show detectable atrophy in HD. Previous studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 tesla (3 T) revealed reduced functional connectivity between striatum and motor cortex in the prodromal period of HD. Neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have suggested segregated corticostriatal pathways with distinct loops involving different cortical regions, which may be investigated using fMRI at an ultra-high field (7 T) with enhanced sensitivity compared to lower fields. Objectives: We performed fMRI at 7 T to assess functional connectivity between the striatum and several chosen cortical areas including the motor and prefrontal cortex, in order to better understand brain changes in the striatum-cortical pathways. Method: 13 manifest subjects (age 51 ± 13 years, cytosine-adenine-guanine [CAG] repeat 45 ± 5, Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale [UHDRS] motor score 32 ± 17), 8 subjects in the close-to-onset premanifest period (age 38 ± 10 years, CAG repeat 44 ± 2, UHDRS motor score 8 ± 2), 11 subjects in the far-from-onset premanifest period (age 38 ± 11 years, CAG repeat 42 ± 2, UHDRS motor score 1 ± 2), and 16 healthy controls (age 44 ± 15 years) were studied. The functional connectivity between the striatum and several cortical areas was measured by resting state fMRI at 7 T and analyzed in all participants. Results: Compared to controls, functional connectivity between striatum and premotor area, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal as well as middle frontal regions was altered in HD (all p values <0.001). Specifically, decreased striatum-motor connectivity but increased striatum-prefrontal connectivity were found in premanifest HD subjects. Altered functional connectivity correlated consistently with genetic burden, but not with clinical scores. Conclusions: Differential changes in functional connectivity of striatum-prefrontal and striatum-motor circuits can be found in early and premanifest HD. This may imply a compensatory mechanism, where additional cortical regions are recruited to subserve functions that have been impaired due to HD pathology. Our results suggest the potential value of functional connectivity as a marker for future clinical trials in HD.
Cigarette Smoke Extract Promotes Human Lung Myofibroblast Differentiation by the Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Song Min , Peng Hong , Guo Wei , Luo Man , Duan Wang , Chen Ping , Zhou Yong
Published: August 2019

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal fibrotic lung disease with an unknown aetiology. Persistent myofibroblast differentiation is a prominent feature of IPF. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for IPF and an indicator of poor prognosis. Cigarette smoking induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and it has been shown that ER stress promotes fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in lung fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) promotes lung myofibroblast differentiation via the induction of ER stress. Objectives: Our study concentrates on exploring the relationship between smoking and ER stress in the differentiation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Methods: Human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 fibroblasts) were stimulated with various doses of CSE. Levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein were evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. ER stress was induced by thapsigargin (TG) and inhibited by 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA). Protein levels of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), X box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) were determined by western blotting. GRP78 siRNA was transfected into MRC-5 cells using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Reagent. Results: CSE at a concentration of 1.0% significantly increased α-SMA expression in MRC-5 cells. There was no significant cell apoptosis after cells were exposed to CSE. CSE treatment significantly increased the expression of GRP78, IRE1, XBP-1 and ATF6 at the protein level at 48 h. Pretreatment with TG enhanced, whereas pretreatment with 4-PBA inhibited, the CSE-induced expression of α-SMA, GRP78 and XBP-1. Furthermore, knockdown of GRP78 blocked α-SMA expression in MRC-5 cells exposed to CSE. Conclusion: Our data suggested that CSE promotes lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation by the induction of ER stress.
Occurrence of Salmonella sp. in poultry carcasses evaluated from the retail trade between 2007 and 2013 in Paraná state, Brazil
Authors: Bersot Luciano Dos Santos , Viana Cibeli , Sereno Mallu Jagnow , Perin Ana Paula , Barcellos Vinicius Cunha
Published: August 2019

Poultry meat is often involved as a vehicle for microorganisms that cause food-borne diseases. Salmonella sp. is a major pathogen involved in outbreaks around the world. Based on its importance, the objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of Salmonella sp. in frozen and chilled poultry carcasses slaughtered and marketed in the western region of Paraná state, Brazil. A total of 340 samples were collected between January 2007 and April 2013, with 66 (19.41%) carcasses positive for Salmonella sp. It can be concluded from the results obtained that the occurrence of Salmonella sp. in poultry carcasses remains high, even though it is a product marketed refrigerated or frozen, methods considered appropriate for food preservation. A lower occurrence result was expected due to the 14-year implementation of the national pathogen reduction program established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply aimed at a gradual reduction in the occurrence of Salmonella sp. in these products through constant monitoring of carcasses immediately after slaughter.
Infectious diseases in aquarium ornamental pet fish
Authors: Cardoso Pedro Henrique Magalhães , Moreno Andrea Micke , Moreno Luisa Zanolli , De Oliveira Carolina Helena , Baroni Francisco De Assis , Maganha Samara Rita de Lucca , De Souza Ricardo Luis Moro , Balian Simone De Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Aquarium ornamental pet fish constitute a major segment in the pet industry, with the United States, Europe, and Japan dominating the market. There are approximately 1,500 marine fish species and over 4,500 freshwater fish species commercialized as aquarium ornamental pet fish. Fish are the fourth most common pet present in Brazilian homes. In Brazil, aquarium ornamental pet fish can be marketed and distributed from different parts of the Brazilian territory and the world. Commercialization and circulation of living animals without the use of adequate prophylactic management procedures enables dissemination of a number of agents responsible for infectious diseases. Aquarium pet fish can also carry pathogenic agents, of bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic etiology, that may have a zoonotic feature endangering the persons handling the animals. This review presents the main pathogenic infectious agents of bacterial, viral, andfungal etiology that affect aquarium pet fish, as well as the prevention and control measures to ensure sanitary excellence in this segment.
Persistência de frênulo peniano congênito em gato macho:
Authors: Garcia Juliana Chieco Jeronymo , Da Silva Matheus Felipe , Angrimani Daniel De Souza Ramos
Published: August 2019

O frênulo peniano é uma fina faixa de tecido conectivo que une a glânde ao prepúcio que pode se romper sob a ação da testosterona quando o animal inicia a puberdade. Devido a escassez de relatos desta afecção o presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de frênulo peniano persistente em um gato doméstico, sem raça definida, de sete meses de idade e 5,2 kg. O frênulo peniano foi um achado incidental durante o exame clínico do animal. O animal já apresentava‑se em puberdade, caracterizando o quadro de frênulo peniano. A resolução do caso ocorreu de maneira espontânea previamente a orquiectomia eletiva. Dessa forma, as alterações observadas no pênis devido a alteração congênita em gatos são descritas neste relato.
O Stock Serra da Acauã: um exemplo de granito tipo I fracionado oxidado no Domínio Rio Piranhas-Seridó, NE do Brasil
Authors: Silva Mateus De Araújo , Galindo Antonio Carlos , Souza Raquel Franco de , Cavalcante Rogério , Medeiros Vladimir Cruz de
Published: August 2019

O Stock Serra da Acauã está inserido no contexto da atividade plutônica ediacarana, uma das mais importantes feições geológicas na Província Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil. O corpo está dividido em duas fácies: uma equigranular fina a média e outra inequigranular média a fracamente porfirítica com fenocristais de K-feldspato. Determinações U-Pb em zircão apontaram uma idade ediacarana de c.a 578 Ma para a sua cristalização. Petrograficamente, o stock consiste de um biotita monzogranitos hololeucocráticos a leucocráticos (M = 1,3 – 9,9%), com biotita sendo o máfico principal (0,5 a 8,1%). Minerais opacos, titanita, allanita, apatita e zircão são acessórios e as fases minerais mais precoces. As rochas que formam o stock são geoquimicamente similares, de caráter fracamente peraluminoso (1,00 ≤ A/CNK ≤ 1,04), com coríndon normativo e de assinatura transicional entre rochas alcalinas e calcioalcalinas. A variação do conteúdo de óxidos e elementos traço sugere o fracionamento de plagioclásio, biotita, titanita, apatita e magnetita durante a cristalização do magma. O diagrama para elementos terras raras mostra enriquecimento dos elementos terras raras leves em relação aos elementos terras raras pesados, com razões LaN/YbN entre 16,10 e 54,75, e anomalias negativas de Eu (Eu/Eu* de 0,66 a 0,90) compatíveis com fracionamento de plagioclásio. Dados referentes à temperatura de saturação de zircão somados a diagramas discriminantes geoquímicos permitem associar essas rochas a granitos tipo I altamente fracionados. O conjunto de dados permite correlacionar o magmatismo no contexto de granitoides calcioalcalinos de alto potássio, tardi a pós-tectônicos do Domínio Rio Piranhas-Seridó.
SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of Neoproterozoic granites from the easternmost São Roque Domain, Ribeira Belt
Authors: Lamoso Ingrid Souto Maia , Janasi Valdecir De Assis
Published: August 2019

Four granitic plutons from the easternmost portion of the São Roque Domain (SRD) were dated by U-Pb zircon SHRIMP; the results indicate that the peak of granitic magmatism was concentrated in a short interval (606–589 Ma), the same as in the central portion of the SRD. The two porphyritic biotite granites (Morro Azul and Imbiruçu) yield the oldest ages (respectively, 601.0 ± 4.9 Ma and 606.3 ± 4.8 Ma) and have inherited zircons with similar ages (~2.1–2.0 Ga), but are not comagmatic. The Morro Azul granite has geochemical signature similar to other high-K calc-alkaline (HKCA) granites from the SRD, while the Imbiruçu granite has much higher Sr/Zr and other chemical features that demand different sources. Other two dated samples are very different from each other and from the HKCA granites. The age of the Morro do Pão tonalite (589.1 ± 5.5 Ma) indicates that, in spite of its more deformed character, it is younger; a similar value, although with large uncertainty, is shown by the Serra dos Índios peraluminous leucogranite (593 ± 12 Ma). Our analytic data combined with field relationships suggest that soon after the main episode of HKCA magmatism, the SRD witnessed the emplacement of granites of varied composition forming small bodies that recorded deformation associated with transcurrent tectonics.
Condições de colocação do magmatismo máfico do Domínio Macururé, Sistema Orogênico Sergipano: Maciço Capela
Authors: Pereira Fabio Santos , Rosa Maria de Lourdes da Silva , Conceição Herbet
Published: August 2019

O Maciço Capela é intrusivo nas rochas metassedimentares do Domínio Macururé, Sistema Orogênico Sergipano, no sul da Província Borborema. Ele é constituído por dioritos, hornblenditos, gabros e granitos, que hospedam enclaves tonalíticos e hornblendíticos. As formas e os contatos dos enclaves tonalíticos, aliados à presença de texturas de zoneamento inverso e oscilatório em cristais de plagioclásio e ao hábito acicular da apatita nos enclaves e dioritos sugerem coexistência de magmas máfico e félsico. Os piroxênios identificados nos gabros apresentam composições de enstatita, augita e diopsídio. Os anfibólios das rochas máficas são cálcicos e correspondem a pargasita, tschermakita e magnésio-hornblenda. A mica marrom dos hornblenditos, gabros e dioritos é rica na molécula de flogopita, enquanto a dos granitos é mais enriquecida em ferro. A granada, de ocorrência restrita aos hornblenditos e dioritos, é rica na molécula de almandina. O plagioclásio varia de albita a bytownita e o feldspato potássico é a microclina. A presença de titanita e epídoto magmáticos, coexistentes com silicatos máficos magnesianos, indica a cristalização sob condições de alta fO2, próximas ao tampão NNO. As estimativas de pressão forneceram um valor médio de 8,5 kbar, que corresponde a uma profundidade aproximada de 30 km. As temperaturas liquidus, obtidas com as composições de piroxênios e anfibólios, variam de 1.261 a 831°C. Temperaturas solidus, estimadas com o par anfibólio-plagioclásio, situam-se entre 775 e 614°C. Dados de química mineral e estimativas termobarométricas sugerem que as rochas do Maciço Capela cristalizaram-se a partir de magmas basálticos hidratados, em ambiente de arco continental.
Regional Identities in the Time of War
Authors: Yekelchyk Serhy
Published: August 2019

The author argues against the widespread Western stereotype of Ukraine as a nation divided into two parts: the pro-Western, nationalistic west and the pro-Russian east. He emphasizes the importance of studying Ukraine’s individual regions because their reaction during the 2014 war was determined as much by their diverse historical traditions and cultural identities as by the decisions of the local elites and grassroots political activism on both sides. Even before the conflict, the notion of a united Ukrainian “Southeast” served as a tool of Russian propaganda rather than objective analysis; once the conflict started, it was no longer possible to ignore the profound differences among the provinces usually included in it.
Dnipropetrovsk Oligarchs: Lynchpins of Sovereignty or Sources of Instability?
Authors: Kulick Orysia
Published: August 2019

The choices made by oligarchs and citizens in Dnipropetrovsk during and after the Euromaidan rebellion of 2013–14 were not just event-driven manifestations in response to domestic and internal pressures. They were responses shaped by historically-composed social structures and interrelationships forged over decades within the region, across southeastern Ukraine, and in relation to competing centers of power—in Kyiv, Moscow, Washington, Brussels and beyond. This paper argues that Dnipropetrovsk—and its leaders—played a crucial intermediary role in not only deescalating tensions in southeastern Ukraine more broadly, but also by buttressing the Ukrainian state in a time of existential crisis. In this analysis, oligarchic self-interest is taken as a given and one factor among many, including the signaling of interventionist intent from an external patron and also deeper, regionally specific, economic and structural forces. This piece brings into the analysis a historian’s understanding of contingency, arguing that analyses of developments in southeastern Ukraine (in the past and present) should strive to better situate regional actors not only in space but also time, so as to better understand the complex set of forces and heterogenous social temporalities shaping their choices.
A new species of Cyclogomphus Selys, 1854 (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae) from the Western Ghats, India with comments on the status of Cyclogomphus vesiculosus Selys, 1873
Authors: RANGNEKAR PARAG , DHARWADKAR OMKAR , SADASIVAN KALESH , SUBRAMANIAN K.A.
Published: August 2019

A new species of Cyclogomphus Selys, 1854 is described from the Western Ghats of India based on male and female specimens collected from Goa and Kerala states. The new species differs from all the known species of Cyclogomphus in the shape of the anal appendages as well as the thoracic and abdominal markings. We also provide here an updated key to the Cyclogomphus species and comment on the status of Cyclogomphus vesiculosus Selys, 1873.
Seasonal and Subseasonal Variability of Potential Energy Injected into the Tropical UTLS by Convective and Tropical Cyclone Outflow
Authors: Nytes Lindsey E. , Tripoli Gregory J.
Published: August 2019

This study employs 40 years of ERA-Interim data to quantify the periodic behavior of the integral amount of potential energy stored in the tropical upper UTLS (upper troposphere and lower stratosphere) originally placed there by high-entropy outflow of deep convection and tropical cyclones (TCs). The upper UTLS is defined to be isentropic layers above the level of zero net radiation (LZNR) in the tropics. Once there, the trapped high-entropy air mass must flow into the extratropics where radiative loss will allow it to subside back to lower-entropy levels. Mean poleward fluxes of isentropic mass are prevented by an inertial wall associated with Earth’s rotation. This causes the mass of these isentropic layers to build up, creating a bubble of high potential energy. Periodic releases of this mass into the extratropics in the form of tropical plumes (TPs) help drain the bubble of its mass buildup over time. We present a metric to quantify the energy trapped and stored in this bubble to be the jet available potential energy (JAPE), in reference to the availability of this energy to fuel the kinetic energy of the subtropical jet stream (STJ), which bounds the tropical JAPE bubble (TJB) on its poleward extremities. We also calculate the isentropic mass M, which measures the isentropic thickness. Results of a 40-yr-time-series analysis of upper-UTLS JAPE and M show that the TJB features periodicity in the buildup and release of JAPE and M.
Amino acid metabolism in hematologic malignancies and the era of targeted therapy
Authors: Tabe Yoko , Lorenzi Philip L. , Konopleva Marina
Published: August 2019

The authors review the latest knowledge of amino acid metabolism in hematologic malignancies and the clinical relevance and potential of amino acid therapeutic targeting.
Justifying the Humanities
Authors: Apter Emily
Published: August 2019

Rather than stand down the naysayers with a nihilistic credo of the humanities for its own sake, this essay examines the apparently weak resources of “justification” as a set of rhetorical procedures that navigate that which is ungrounded or untranslatable. Justification, as a problem of translation and material embodiment emerges as a transversal theoretical project in its own right for the contemporary comparative humanities. It also continues to name the problem of procedure and procedural new beginnings in a more strictly legal frame.
Dynamic cell–cell adhesion mediated by pericellular matrix interaction – a hypothesis
Authors: Winklbauer Rudolf
Published: August 2019

Cell–cell adhesion strength, measured as tissue surface tension, spans an enormous 1000-fold range when different cell types are compared. However, the examination of basic mechanical principles of cell adhesion indicates that cadherin-based and related mechanisms are not able to promote the high-strength adhesion experimentally observed in many late embryonic or malignant tissues. Therefore, the hypothesis is explored that the interaction of the pericellular matrices of cells generates strong adhesion by a mechanism akin to the self-adhesion/self-healing of dynamically cross-linked hydrogels. Quantitative data from biofilm matrices support this model. The mechanism links tissue surface tension to pericellular matrix stiffness. Moreover, it explains the wide, matrix-filled spaces around cells in liquid-like, yet highly cohesive, tissues, and it rehabilitates aspects of the original interpretation of classical cell sorting experiments, as expressed in Steinberg's differential adhesion hypothesis: that quantitative differences in adhesion energies between cells are sufficient to drive sorting.
Taming the Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser
Authors: Fankhauser Johannes
Published: August 2019

I discuss the delayed choice quantum eraser experiment by drawing an analogy to a Bell-type measurement and giving a straightforward account in standard quantum mechanics. The delayed choice quantum eraser experiment turns out to resemble a Bell-type scenario in which the resolution of the paradox is rather trivial, and so there really is no mystery.  At first glance, the experiment suggests that measurements on one part of an entangled photon pair (the idler) can be employed to control whether the measurement outcome of the other part of the photon pair (the signal) produces interference fringes at a screen after being sent through a double slit. Significantly, the choice whether there is interference or not can be made long after the signal photon encounters the screen. The results of the experiment have been alleged to invoke some sort of backwards in time influence. I argue that this issue can be eliminated by taking into proper account the role of the signal photon. Likewise, in the de Broglie–Bohm picture the trajectories of the particle can be given a well-defined description at any instant of time during the experiment. Thus, it is again clear that there is no need to resort to any kind of backwards in time influence.Quanta 2019; 8: 44-56.
MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION E COLETIVIZAÇÃO PARCIAL: UMA REAL OPÇÃO AO MODELO DE AÇÕES DE CLASSE?
Authors: Osna Gustavo
Published: August 2019

Recentemente, tornou-se recorrente defender que técnicas de agregação de direitos, como o multidistrict litigation, poderiam representar uma alternativa viável para as ações de classe. O presente artigo procura analisar a adequação entre o discurso teórico e a realidade material desse mecanismo, avaliando se, verdadeiramente, seu uso pode constituir uma via hígida para o processo coletivo. Nesse sentido, nota-se que, se o multidistrict litigation tem uma estrutura normativa bastante diversa das class actions, sua efetivação costuma caminhar em sentido contrário. Como consequência, a coletivização parcial por ela proposta não parece, realmente, se verificar.
Perbedaan Kualitas Tidur Pasien Asma Terkontrol Sebagian Pada Kategori Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT)
Authors: Aulia Khalisah Atma , - Reviono , Yudhani Ratih Dewi
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Asma merupakan suatu penyakit saluran pernapasan yang disebabkan karena adanya proses inflamasi kronik. Asma menyebabkan terjadinya gejala pernapasan seperti wheezing (mengi), sesak napas, dada sesak dan batuk yang terjadi terutama pada malam hari atau menjelang pagi hari. Jumlah kasus asma di Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2013 sebesar 113.028 kasus dan kasus paling banyak terdapat di Kota Surakarta yaitu 10.393 kasus. Gejala asma lebih sering muncul pada malam hari atau menjelang pagi hari. Gangguan pernapasan yang muncul dapat mengganggu aktivitas tidur sehingga menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas tidur seseorang. Selain itu, gangguan pernapasan saat tidur akan semakin berat apabila seorang penderita asma memiliki Indeks Massa Tubuh yang tinggi seperti pada obesitas serta pada IMT yang terlalu rendah (kurus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas tidur pasien asma terkontrol sebagian pada kategori indeks massa tubuh (IMT).

Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat (BBKPM) Surakarta pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2018 dengan melibatkan 75 sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terpimpin dan pengukuran IMT pada pasien asma terkontrol sebagian. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Fisher’s Exact Test.

Hasil: Pada pasien asma terkontrol sebagian dengan IMT normal, kualitas tidur baik lebih banyak terjadi dibandingkan kualitas tidur buruk yaitu sebesar 57,14%, sedangkan pasien dengan IMT kurus dan gemuk memiliki kualitas tidur buruk lebih dominan dengan persentase berturut-turut sebesar 100% dan 75%. Hasil uji Fisher’s Exact Test kualitas tidur pasien asma terkontrol sebagian pada kelompok IMT kurus dan normal adalah signifikan secara statistik (p=0,004), kelompok IMT normal dan gemuk signifikan secara statistik (p=0,013), serta kelompok IMT kurus dan gemuk tidak signifikan secara statistik (p=0,173).

Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan kualitas tidur pasien asma terkontrol sebagian pada kategori Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT).

 

Kata Kunci: Asma, Kualitas Tidur, IMT
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MEROKOK dan AKTIFITAS FISIK DENGAN PREVALENSI HIPERTENSI DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA RISKESDAS DAN PROFIL KESEHATAN 2013)
Authors: Ali Balgis , Sumardiyono Sumardiyono
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Currently hypertension is a major health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. The prevalence of hypertension in various regions in Indonesia varies. several factors are thought to play a role in this variation including the health system, hypertension risk factors and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the health system (health services, health personnel, finance), hypertension risk factors (smoking and physical activity) and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with differences in the prevalence of hypertension in various provinces in Indonesia. Currently hypertension is a major health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. The prevalence of hypertension in various regions in Indonesia varies. several factors are thought to play a role in this variation including the health system, hypertension risk factors and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the health system (health services, health personnel, finance), hypertension risk factors (smoking and physical activity) and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with differences in the prevalence of hypertension in various provinces in Indonesia.

Methods: This study used an observational analytic design with an ecological study approach. Data was obtained from 440 districts and 33 provinces in Indonesia. which is taken on a probability basis to size. Samples are men and women aged 18 and above. The independent variable is the prevalence of hypertension while the dependent variable is the health system (health services, health personnel, finance), hypertension risk factors (smoking and sedentary physical activity) and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis of hypertension is made by a doctor. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results: Smoking (b = 0, 0.463; 95% CI = 0.042-0.884; p = 0.032), and sedentary physical activity of more than 6 hours (b = 0.196; 95% CI = 0.030-0.3362; p = 0.022) increased the prevalence of hypertension. R2 from the multiple liner regression model is = 27.1%, and overall the models differ significantly (p = 0.05).

Conclusion: Smoking and sedentary physical activity are associated with the prevalence of hypertension

 

 
Keefektifan Hipnoterapi Untuk Mengendalikan Nyeri Pada Pasien Yang Dilakukan Bronkoskopi Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
Authors: Tanita Feilin , Santosa Teguh Budi , Septiawan Debree , HS Rochmaningtyas , Sutanto Yusuf Subagio
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Bronkoskopi adalah pemeriksaan yang dilakukan secara rutin dalam pulmonologi dan dianggap tidak nyaman oleh hampir 60% pasien. Salah satu ketidaknyamanan yang dirasakan pasien saat bronkoskopi adalah nyeri. Kenyamanan pasien saat dilakukan bronkoskopi sangat penting, sebab akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan bronskoskopi. Intervensi nonfarmakologis, seperti hipnoterapi telah efektif dalam mengendalikan nyeri selama prosedur bedah dan memperpendek durasi operasi. Sehingga hipnoterapi diharapkan dapat mengendalikan nyeri pada pasien yang dilakukan bronkoskopi.

Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain experimental randomized pretest-post-test control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling yang dilakukan di bangsal rawat inap RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Diperoleh 37 subjek, 19 orang mendapat perlakuan hipnoterapi sebelum bronkoskopi dan 18 orang sebagai kontrol (tanpa hipnoterapi). Penilaian nyeri dengan menggunakan instrumen VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Data dianalisis memakai Paired t test.

Hasil: Dari 37 subjek penelitian, didapatkan skor pretest VAS kelompok  perlakuan 39.47 ± 26.56 sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 36.11 ± 26.60. Skor post test VAS pada kelompok perlakuan 28.95 ± 26.01 sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 40.56 ± 25.08. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan perbedaan skor VAS nyeri (pre-post) antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol yang secara statistik bermakna dengan p= 0,006.

Kesimpulan: Hipnoterapi efektif dalam mengendalikan nyeri selama bronkoskopi.
Kata Kunci: Hypnotherapy; pain; bronchoscopy; VAS
CÉLINE NOCTURNE: L´ÂME OUVERTE AUX PROFONDEURS
Authors: Novaes Claudio Cledson , Vrbata Ales
Published: August 2019

Este artigo trata da visão celiniana sobre a vida humana a partir da linguagem simbólica da noite na obra de Céline. O simbolismo noturno é concebido a partir da perspectiva aquitípica que ganha uma extensão pós-iunguiana (Yung, Neumann, Hilman, Giegerich) na leitura de Ostrovsky (1967) e de d´Aebersold (2008). Enquanto para  Ostrovsky a obra deliniana manifesta traços do existencialismo e para Aebesorld é uma obra cripto-religiosa na qual o conteúdo é um ``conteúdo sagrado latente, fragmentado ou degradado``, neste artigo aspiramos identificar uma visão do noturno que se inscreve nas teorias literárias iunguianas nas quais o aspecto principal é a percepção do autor como uma voz do inconsciente coletivo da sua época. Circunstãncia esta que desestabiliza as profundezas do incosnciente do homem moderno e que ameaça a sua existência diurna enquanto racionalidade organizada
Carlos Heitor Cony e a vida literária brasileira: uma pesquisa no arquivo do escritor
Authors: Ruivo Marina Silva
Published: August 2019

O membro da Academia Brasileira de Letras Carlos Heitor Cony escreveu e publicou quase vinte romances, bem como crônicas, contos, reportagens e infantojuvenis, dentre outros gêneros literários. Manteve também uma longa atuação no jornalismo, fazendo parte de importantes veículos da imprensa, como o Correio da Manhã, nos anos 1960, e a Folha de S.Paulo, desde os anos 1990 e até o final de 2017. Neste artigo apresenta-se uma primeira abordagem a respeito do trabalho de pesquisa que vem sendo desenvolvido junto ao arquivo pessoal do escritor, localizado na sua residência, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa objetiva, fundamentalmente, mapear sua participação na vida literária brasileira das décadas de 1950 e 60. Ressalte-se desde já que a noção de vida literária está sendo entendida a partir de Broca (2005) e Moriconi (2006) e será explicitada ao longo do artigo. Como uma abordagem introdutória, são fornecidos elementos da trajetória do autor, que esteve ativo desde a segunda metade dos anos 50 e faleceu em janeiro deste ano de 2018. A seguir, perpassam-se as discussões centrais à área dos acervos e arquivos de escritores, a partir de Artières (1998), Marques (2003), Souza (2008; 2009) e Tanno (2007), sobretudo, e assim aborda-se o próprio lugar das pesquisas em arquivos e acervos no cenário da história literária e cultural. Discute-se ainda como as práticas de arquivamento de si configuram-se como exercícios de construção de imagens de si, além de outras noções que precisam ser levadas em conta quando se trabalha com material tão rico, diversificado e pleno de subjetividade quanto um arquivo pessoal. Por fim, são apresentadas as características gerais do arquivo de Cony, destacando alguns dos materiais nele presentes, bem como as dificuldades e desafios que vêm sendo encontrados no decorrer da pesquisa, que ainda está em estágio inicial.
Nos bastidores de acervos de dramaturgos baianos: por uma leitura crítico-filológica
Authors: Rocha Fagundes Carla Cecí , De Souza Débora
Published: August 2019

O estudo dos/e nos acervos tem propiciado diferentes orientações de leitura e, por conseguinte, revisitações e descentramentos, sobretudo, na contemporaneidade. No âmbito dos estudos filológicos, considerando prática editorial e crítica filológica, propõe-se, neste artigo, tecer uma leitura crítica acerca dos acervos dos dramaturgos baianos Deolindo Checcucci e Nivalda Costa, integrantes do Fundo Textos Teatrais Censurados, vinculado ao Instituto de Letras da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Nesses acervos há vasta massa documental, composta por documentos do espetáculo, da imprensa e da censura, consultados em instituições diversas, os quais se têm buscado sistematizar, indexar e por em diálogo, a partir de procedimentos filológicos, ferramentas arquivísticas e programas digitais. Nesse exercício filológico, dá-se a ler a produção intelectual de sujeitos que atuaram de forma engajada, principalmente, no período da ditadura militar. Durante esse momento conturbado da história, mesmo em uma sociedade controlada pela censura, o teatro teve uma função questionadora, através da produção de autores como Checcucci e Costa, em uma política de ação e de resistência. Desse modo, a partir das reflexões tecidas nesse artigo, acredita-se ser possível ler, nos documentos do espetáculo, da imprensa e da censura, por meio dos referidos acervos, lugares de memória, marcas dos processos de produção, transmissão, circulação e recepção de textos teatrais censurados pertencentes à dramaturgia baiana.
Por que os mortos falam? Uma leitura de Eros e Thanatos no romance de Filipa Melo
Authors: Borges Gomes Fernandes Állex Leilla Alessandra Leila , Oliveira Bruna Souza Rocha
Published: August 2019

A partir das noções de literatura e experiência de morte, conceitos extraídos de Phillipe Ariés e Maurice Blanchot, analiso a história que é tecida no romance Este é o meu corpo, de Filipa Melo, que aborda a relação de Thanatos e Eros, mitos gregos definidos por Sigmund Freud como pulsão de morte e pulsão de vida. Movimentando-se entre pequenas narrativas, que funcionam como um mosaico de memórias, costumes, amor-paixão, violência contra a mulher, entre outras agudezas da condição humana, a autora portuguesa desenvolve no romance — cujo título remete à homília católica da eucaristia — um personagem-chave para elucidar o crime. Trata-se não de um detetive oficial, mas de um narrador médico-legista, que, no processo de autopsia, vai desvendando as circunstâncias da morte da personagem Eduarda, a fim de devolver a identidade da vítima: uma mulher jovem, encontrada morta e desfigurada numa praia. Contraditoriamente, ao tentar revelar como se deu esse assassinato, o labor da autópsia permite que o corpo sem vida fale. Nesse sentido, compreendo que o médico-legista é a metáfora da própria literatura, no seu trabalho incessante, a nos conduzir à dimensão em que Eros e Thanatos se enfrentam e se mesclam, enquanto o corpo irreconhecível da moça é a realidade, matéria disforme e permeada de signos, a nos pedir leitura, tradução, forma, representação.