bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wetland Functional Responses to Prolonged Inundation in the Active Mississippi River Floodplain
Authors: Price Jaybus J. , Berkowitz Jacob F.
Published: June 2020

The Mississippi River experienced historic flooding during 2019, inducing >150 days of floodplain wetland inundation. We evaluated flood effects using repeated measures of hydrogeomorphic (HGM) wetland assessment variables prior to the flood (October 2018), immediately post-flood (August 2019) and one year after initial assessment (October 2019). The flood had little/no impact on 11 of 13 assessment variables, but altered the abundance of woody debris and forest floor litter. Immediately after the flood, these changes decreased the functional capacity of wetlands to 1) detain floodwater (mean − 9.7% reduction) and 2) precipitation (−17.3%); 3) cycle nutrients (−7.5%); and export organic carbon (−23.8%). Subsequent sampling documented the detain precipitation function returning to pre-flood conditions. The export organic carbon function also improved, yet remained below pre-flood levels. Other functions will likely require additional recovery time due to the persistence of accumulated excess woody debris. Across all sample intervals, floodplain wetlands displayed high wetland function capacities and appear resilient to surface water inundation. This analysis highlights the utility of the HGM assessment to detect responses to changing environmental conditions over short time intervals. The study also emphasizes the need to incorporate metrics with appropriate impact-response characteristics when developing and implementing ecological assessments.
Molecular simulation and microtextural characterization of quartz dissolution in sodium hydroxide
Authors: Ali Abdullah Musa , Yahya Noorhana , Mijinyawa Abubakar , Kwaya Mohammed Yerima , Sikiru Surajudeen
Published: June 2020

This study uses empirical experimental evidence and Material Studio simulations to explain the interaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with quartz. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package. In addition, quartz grains subjected to dissolution in NaOH were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The so-called O-middle termination in the quartz tetrahedron structure, typified by a solitary exposed oxygen atom at the surface, is the most susceptible SiO2 terminations to NaOH attack, as it is associated with the lowest surface energy. The adsorption energy values are − 1.44 kcal/mol and − 5.90 kcal/mol for a single atom layer and five-layered atomic structure, respectively. The DFT calculation reveals intramolecular energy is the dominant adsorption energy, followed by a weak van der Waals energy. The NaOH adsorbed on quartz (001) surface constitutes a lower band gap of 0.138 eV compared to cleaved quartz (001) surface (0.157 eV). In addition, the energy range of NaOH adsorbed on quartz is wider (− 50 to 10 eV), compared to (001) quartz (− 20 to 11 eV). The dissolved quartz showed the precipitation of sorbed silicate phases due to incongruent reactions, which indicates new voids and etch pits can be created through the cleaving of the sodium silicates sorbed into the quartz surface. The adsorption energy for NaOH interactions with reservoir sandstone was significantly higher compared to the solitary crystal grains, which can be attributed to the isotropic deformation of a single crystal, and non-uniform deformations of adjacent grains in granular quartz of sandstone reservoir. It can be inferred that exposure to NaOH will affect the structure and reactivity of quartz. The quartz surface textural study indicates that dissolution of crystalline (granite) and clastic rocks (sandstone) is critical to the development of voids, which will improve permeability by providing channels and routes for the passage of hydrothermal and reservoir fluids.
A brief review of monolecty in bees and benefits of a broadened definition
Authors: CANE James H.
Published: June 2020

Monolecty in bees was defined a century ago for those species that consistently collect pollen only from the same single species of floral host. Even at the time, the term was considered “a curiosity” with little biological meaning. Here, I review its multiple problems and suggest that its utility would improve if we apply the term monolecty to those bees species that use a single genus (not species) of flowering host.
An algorithmic approach for finding the fuzzy constrained shortest paths in a fuzzy graph
Authors: Liao Xiaoqun , Wang JiaYi , Ma Li
Published: June 2020

Shortest path problem (SPP) is a fundamental and well-known combinatorial optimization problem in the area of graph theory. In real-life scenarios, the arc weighs in a shortest path of a network/graph have the several parameters which are very hard to define exactly (i.e., capacity, cost, demand, traffic frequency, time, etc.). We can incorporate the fuzziness into a graph to handle this type of uncertain situation. In this manuscript, we propose the idea of constrained SPP (CSPP) in fuzzy environment. CSPP has an useful real-life application in online cab booking system. The main motivation of this study is to determine a path with minimal cost where traveling time within two locations does not more than predetermined time. We can not predicate the exact time and cost of the path due to uncertain traffic scenarios and another unexpected reasons; still, the geometrical distance between the locations is fixed. Here, we use trapezoidal fuzzy number to describe the edge weight of a fuzzy network/graph for CSPP. We define this CSPP as fuzzy CSPP (FCSPP). The utility of FCSPP is described in several real-life scenarios. We propose a mathematical formulation for the FCSPP and an algorithm is proposed for solving the FCSPP. We describe an application of our proposed algorithm on an online cab booking system.
Real-World Assessment of the Impact of Erectile Dysfunction on Sexual Planning Behavior and Health- and Treatment-Related Outcomes Among Men in 8 Countries
Authors: Goldstein Irwin , Giraldi Annamaria , Maculaitis Martine C. , Li Vicky W. , Hartzell-Cushanick Rose , Hassan Tarek A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction

The effect of erectile dysfunction (ED) on sexual planning behaviors and outcomes in men taking phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) is not well studied.

Aims

To assess sexual habits, behaviors, and treatment-related outcomes of PDE5I-treated men with ED.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study recruited men aged 30 to 70 years with mild-to-severe ED from 8 diverse countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Russia, Turkey, Israel, China, and Japan) to complete an approximately 15-minute survey. Differences were evaluated using bivariate analyses, and data were summarized using descriptive statistics.

Main Outcome Measures

Self-reported data were collected for demographics, health characteristics, treatment, sexual habits, ED severity, ED-specific quality of life, and treatment satisfaction.

Results

The survey was completed by 1,575 men. Mean frequency of sexual intercourse was 5.7 times/month. Overall, 87.1% of men always, often, or sometimes planned for sexual activity. Of those planning in advance, 32.8% and 40.6% agreed or strongly agreed that they plan for specific days of the week and times of day, respectively. Sexual planning habits were similar for patients taking short-acting vs long-acting PDE5Is. The most commonly cited reasons for planning sexual activity were needing time to take medication (48.4%), needing to make sure medication has taken effect (43.4%), convenient time for sexual activity (34.9%), and needing the partner’s agreement (33.4%). Mean Self-Esteem and Relationship Questionnaire total score was 56.4.

Conclusions

The differences in ED burden and sexual planning behavior observed across countries were not influenced by the type of PDE5I being taken, suggesting that cultural differences are an important factor when considering types of ED treatment. These findings provide a better understanding of burden, sexual habits, planning behaviors, quality of life, and treatment-related outcomes among PDE5I-treated men with ED in 8 Western and non-Western countries and may aid healthcare providers in selecting optimal treatments.

Goldstein I, Giraldi A, Maculaitis MC, Real-World Assessment of the Impact of Erectile Dysfunction on Sexual Planning Behavior and Health- and Treatment-Related Outcomes Among Men in 8 Countries. J Sex Med 2020;8:338–349.
Motivations to Use Different Social Media Types and Their Impact on Consumers’ Online Brand-Related Activities (COBRAs)
Authors: Buzeta Cristian , De Pelsmacker Patrick , Dens Nathalie
Published: June 2020

Using a six-dimension uses and gratifications (U&G) framework, we explore how social media use motivations drive consumers’ online brand-related activities (COBRAs: consumption, contribution, and creation of brand-related content). We examine these relationships for different social media types by drawing on two previously suggested dimensions, namely their nature of connections and level of customization of messages. Using a US-based sample ( n = 939), findings of a PLS-SEM procedure show that “traditional” U&G hardly explain social media COBRAs. In contrast, Empowerment and Remuneration motives—two U&G specifically relevant for social media use—are the most critical COBRAs drivers. Multigroup analyses suggest that the relation between U&G and COBRAs differs between social media platforms classified either as: (a) profile- or content-based; or as employing (b) customized or broadcast messages. We argue for a specific design of brand-related activities on different social media in order to incentivize users’ engagement with brand-related content.
A Statistical Analysis of Global Ionospheric E‐Layer Scintillation During 2007–2014
Authors: Li Q. B. , Huang Z. , Chen S.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the global three‐dimensional morphology and seasonal variation of the scintillation index at E‐layer altitudes varying from 70 to 140 km. An attempt is conducted to analyze the scintillation distribution in different latitude bins and to explore solar and geomagnetic activity‐dependent characteristic of E‐layer scintillations. The scintillation index is derived from the signal‐to‐noise ratio intensity fluctuations of L1 channels in GPS radio occultation (RO) using the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) during 2007–2014. The results show that the summer scintillation index has the greatest values, followed by the winter, autumn, and spring months. The summer scintillation is in close connection with the solar radiation intensity and sunshine duration, but it exhibits seasonal asymmetry whereby the summer scintillation in the northern hemisphere is more intense than in the southern hemisphere. Meanwhile, the scintillation in the autumn hemisphere is slightly more intense than in the spring hemisphere in approximately midlatitude regions during most daytimes. The conspicuous scintillation activity in the middle and low latitudes starts post‐sunrise and often persists until post‐midnight. Some observed results show that the greatest scintillation occurrence rate of the latitude profile occurs at approximately sunset and at an altitude range of 100–120 km in the middle‐low latitudes. Additionally, the enhanced solar activity possibly can result in the slight decrease of scintillation occurrence, and geomagnetic activity has slight effect on E‐layer scintillation in most cases.
A Case Study of the Daytime Intense Radar Backscatter and Strong Ionospheric Scintillation Related to the Low‐Latitude E‐Region Irregularities
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Zhihua , Jin Han , Yan Chunxiao , Zhang Shaodong , Feng Jian , Gong Wanlin , He Zhiqiu
Published: June 2020

The special daytime echoes, which present the V‐shaped echo pattern between 90–180 km ranges in the range‐time‐intensity (RTI) plot, were occasionally recorded by the Hainan coherent scatter phased array radar (HCOPAR) located at the low latitude of China. Four cases with distinct echo traces are presented to display the common characteristics of the V‐shaped echoes. They usually occur between 10:00–15:00 LT in the daytime with the enhanced top frequency and blanketing frequency of Es layer (ftEs and fbEs). Their left/right wings present negative/positive Doppler velocity. A case on 16 August 2015 was investigated by the joint observation of the HCOPAR, the Hainan Digisonde, and a scintillation receiver. The echo spectra show that the V‐shaped echoes were backscattered from the type 2 irregularities. The formation of the V‐shaped echo pattern was due to the leakage of the antenna sidelobe for the very intense scatter from Es layer. The irregularities were found traveling westward with the velocity of 41.12 ± 2.08 m/s. While the occurrence of the intense irregularities, there were periodic peaks appearing on the ftEs and fbEs curves, and the maximum ftEs‐fbEs reached 10.31 MHz. At the same time, the strong ionospheric scintillation event was recorded by the scintillation receiver. The wind shear is considered to produce the sharp density gradient in the Es plasma and then induce the gradient drift instability. The large‐scale gravity waves have the possibility to induce the E‐region wind shear.
Permeability Profiles Across the Crust‐Mantle Sections in the Oman Drilling Project Inferred From Dry and Wet Resistivity Data
Authors: Katayama Ikuo , Abe Natsue , Hatakeyama Kohei , Akamatsu Yuya , Okazaki Keishi , Ulven Ole Ivar , Hong Gilbert , Zhu Wenlu , Cordonnier Benoit , Michibayashi Katsuyoshi , Godard Marguerite , Kelemen Peter ,   the Oman Drilling Project Phase 2 Science Party
Published: June 2020

Permeability profiles in the crust‐mantle sequences of the Samail ophiolite were constructed based on onboard measurements of the electrical resistivity of cores recovered during the Oman Drilling Project. For each sample, we measured dry and brine‐saturated resistivity during the description campaign on the drilling vessel Chikyu. Owing to the conductive brine in the pore space, wet resistivity is systematically lower than dry resistivity. The difference between dry and wet resistivity is attributed to the movement of dissolved ions in brine that occupies the pore space. We applied effective medium theory to calculate the volume fraction of pores that contribute to electrical transport. Using an empirical cubic law between transport porosity and permeability, we constructed permeability profiles for the crust‐mantle transition zone and the serpentinized mantle sections in the Samail ophiolite. The results indicate that (1) the gabbro sequence has a markedly lower permeability than the underlying mantle sequence; (2) serpentinized dunites have higher permeability than serpentinized harzburgites; and (3) discrete sample permeability is correlated with ultrasonic velocity, suggesting that the permeability variations predominately reflect crack density and geometry.
Revisiting the Sulfur‐Water Chemical System in the Middle Atmosphere of Venus
Authors: Shao Wencheng D. , Zhang Xi , Bierson Carver J. , Encrenaz Therese
Published: June 2020

Sulfur‐water chemistry plays an important role in the middle atmosphere of Venus. Ground‐based observations have found that simultaneously observed SO2 and H2O at ~64 km vary with time and are temporally anticorrelated. To understand these observations, we explore the sulfur‐water chemical system using a one‐dimensional chemistry‐diffusion model. We find that SO2 and H2O mixing ratios above the clouds are highly dependent on mixing ratios of the two species at the middle cloud top (58 km). The behavior of sulfur‐water chemical system can be classified into three regimes, but there is no abrupt transition among these regimes. In particular, there is no bifurcation behavior as previously claimed. We also find that the SO2 self‐shielding effect causes H2O above the clouds to respond to the middle cloud top in a nonmonotonic fashion. Through comparison with observations, we find that mixing ratio variations at the middle cloud top can explain the observed variability of SO2 and H2O. The sulfur‐water chemistry in the middle atmosphere is responsible for the H2O‐SO2 anticorrelation at 64 km. Eddy transport change alone cannot explain the variations of both species. These results imply that variations of species abundance in the middle atmosphere are significantly influenced by the lower atmospheric processes. Continued ground‐based measurements of the coevolution of SO2 and H2O above the clouds and new spacecraft missions will be crucial for uncovering the complicated processes underlying the interaction among the lower atmosphere, the clouds, and the middle atmosphere of Venus.
Quantifying Water Scarcity in Northern China Within the Context of Climatic and Societal Changes and South‐to‐North Water Diversion
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan , Wang Lei , Wang Zhongjing , Tang Qiuhong , Piao Shilong , Chen Deliang , Xia Jun , Conradt Tobias , Liu Junguo , Wada Yoshihide , Cai Ximing , Xie Zhenghui , Duan Qingyun , Li Xiuping , Zhou Jing , Zhang Jianyun
Published: June 2020

With the increasing pressure from population growth and economic development, northern China (NC) faces a grand challenge of water scarcity, which can be further exacerbated by climatic and societal changes. The South‐to‐North Water Diversion (SNWD) project is designed to mitigate the water scarcity in NC. However, few studies have quantified the impact of the SNWD on water scarcity within the context of climatic and societal changes and its potential effects on economic and agricultural food in the region. We used water supply stress index (WaSSI) to quantify water scarcity within the context of environmental change in NC and developed a method to estimate the economic and agricultural impacts of the SNWD. Focuses were put on alleviating the water supply shortage and economic and agricultural benefits for the water‐receiving NC. We find that societal changes, especially economic growth, are the major contributors to water scarcity in NC during 2009–2099. To completely mitigate the water scarcity of NC, at least an additional water supply of 13 billion m3/year (comparable to the annual diversion water by SNWD Central Route) will be necessary. Although SNWD alone cannot provide the full solution to NC's water shortage in next few decades, it can significantly alleviate the water supply stress in NC (particularly Beijing), considerably increasing the agricultural production (more than 115 Tcal/year) and bringing economic benefits (more than 51 billion RMB/year) through supplying industrial and domestic water use. Additionally, the transfer project could have impacts on the ecological environment in the exporting regions.
The Disappearing Lake: A Historical Analysis of Drought and the Salton Sea in the Context of the GeoHealth Framework
Authors: Doede Aubrey L. , DeGuzman Pamela B.
Published: June 2020

The Imperial Valley region of Southeastern California has become one of the most productive agricultural regions in the state and has the highest rates of childhood asthma in California. Lack of precipitation in the Imperial Valley has caused the water level of the Salton Sea to recede to a record low since its formation in the early 1900s. Previous studies of wind and dust deposition conducted in other regions have shown how reduced precipitation, ground heating, and the diminishing water level in an arid climate pose a risk of exposing previously sequestered toxic chemicals to open air, adversely affecting lung health. The purpose of this study is to draw historical parallels between the Aral Sea and Salton Sea in the context of geomorphology, ecology, human health, economics, and human migration, to inform an assessment of environmentally related health impacts of those living in the Imperial Valley region. Future droughts and heatwaves are expected to rise in frequency and severity, disproportionately affecting those impacted by financial and health disparities. Future research must include the implications of population health in the context of GeoHealth as a result of the most recent drought and the receding water levels of the Salton Sea.
Stress Field Interactions Between Overlapping Shield Volcanoes: Borehole Breakout Evidence From the Island of Hawai'i, USA
Authors: Pierdominici Simona , Millett John M. , Kück Jochem K. M. , Thomas Donald , Jerram Dougal A. , Planke Sverre , Haskins Eric , Lautze Nicole , Galland Olivier
Published: June 2020

Knowledge of the in situ stress state of the Earth's crust plays a key role in understanding geological processes including plate tectonics, earthquakes, slope failure, and igneous emplacement. In this paper, we determine the in situ stress orientation from the PTA2 borehole on the island of Hawai'i, drilled into a lava flow dominated sequence between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. High‐resolution acoustic images were collected from the open hole interval 886 m to 1,567 m. Based on identification of 371 borehole breakouts for a total length of 310 m, the mean orientation of the minimum horizontal principal stress is N106° and remains constant across different volcanic rock fabrics. Changes in borehole breakout shape are linked to the different strength of volcanic facies and intra‐facies. The orientation of the present‐day stress field at Mauna Kea deviates from the plate forces and regional tectonic stress field. We interpret the compressive stress regime at the PTA2 site as resulting from the competing gravitational fields of the large topographic highs of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. Our study reveals that the mass accumulation associated with shield volcano growth imparts significant local variations to the subsurface stress state on volcanic islands consisting of overlapping shield volcanoes. The results have significant implications for stress accumulation leading to brittle failure and flank collapse, along with potentially influencing magma accumulation and ascent pathways during volcanic island evolution. This study provides the first insights into the orientation of the present‐day stress field between the major island forming shield volcanoes of Hawai'i.
Megaripple Migration on Mars
Authors: Silvestro S. , Chojnacki M. , Vaz D. A. , Cardinale M. , Yizhaq H. , Esposito F.
Published: June 2020

Aeolian megaripples, with 5‐ to 50‐m spacing, are abundant on the surface of Mars. These features were repeatedly targeted by high‐resolution orbital images, but they have never been observed to move. Thus, aeolian megaripples (especially the bright‐toned ones often referred as Transverse Aeolian Ridges—TARs) have been interpreted as relict features of a past climate. In this report, we show evidence for the migration of bright‐toned megaripples spaced 1 to 35 m (5 m on average) in two equatorial areas on Mars indicating that megaripples and small TARs can be active today. The moving megaripples display sand fluxes that are 2 orders of magnitudes lower than the surrounding dunes on average and, unlike similar bedforms on Earth, can migrate obliquely and longitudinally. In addition, the active megaripples in the two study areas of Syrtis Major and Mawrth Vallis show very similar flux distributions, echoing the similarities between dune crest fluxes in the two study areas and suggesting the existence of a relationship between dune and megaripple fluxes that can be explored elsewhere. Active megaripples, together with high‐sand flux dunes, represent a key indicator of strong winds at the surface of Mars. A past climate with a denser atmosphere is not necessary to explain their accumulation and migration.
Hurricane Deposits on Carbonate Platforms: A Case Study of Hurricane Irma Deposits on Little Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands
Authors: Jamison‐Todd Sarah , Stein Nathan , Overeem Irina , Khalid Arslaan , Trower Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2020

The study of modern hurricane deposits is useful in both identifying ancient hurricane deposits in the rock record and predicting patterns of deposition and erosion produced by future storm events. Hurricane deposits on carbonate platforms have been studied less frequently than have been those along continental coasts. Here we present observations of the characteristics of deposition and scour caused by Hurricane Irma on Little Ambergris Cay, a small uninhabited island located near the southeastern edge of the Caicos platform in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Hurricane Irma passed directly over Little Ambergris Cay on 7 September 2017 as a Category 5 hurricane. We described and sampled multiple types of hurricane deposits and determined that the washover fans were the best sedimentological records for hurricane conditions, as they were subject to very little reworking over time. We compared different model predictions of storm tide and wave height with eyewitness reports and distributions of scour. Examining the washover fans allowed for the construction of a conceptual model for hurricane deposits formed in a high‐energy storm event on a carbonate platform. Characteristics of the washover fans were their small size, the lack of sedimentary structures, and very well sorted sediment. The size and distribution of carbonate boulders eroded and transported by the storm are consistent with depth‐averaged flow velocities in the range of 1.5–5.3 m/s. The strength of the storm and the low‐lying topography, distinct features of a carbonate platform setting, contributed to high levels of sediment bypass and high flow velocities, resulting in small, unstructured deposits.
Bistatic Observations With SuperDARN HF Radars: First Results
Authors: Shepherd S. G. , Sterne K. T. , Thomas E. G. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Baker J. B. H. , Parris R. T. , Pedersen T. R. , Holmes J. M.
Published: June 2020

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars operate in a coordinated but monostatic configuration whereby high‐frequency (HF) signals scattered from ionospheric density irregularities or from the surface of the Earth return to the transmitting radar where Doppler parameters are then acquired. A bistatic arrangement has been developed for SuperDARN radars in which HF signals transmitted from one radar are received and analyzed by another radar that is separated by a large distance (>1,000 km). This new capability was developed and tested on radars located in Oregon and Kansas. Numerous 3‐day bistatic campaigns have been conducted over a period extending from September 2019 through March 2020. During these campaigns three distinct bistatic propagation modes have been identified including a direct mode in which signals are transmitted and received through the radar side lobes. Direct mode signals propagate along the great‐circle arc connecting the two bistatic radar sites, reflecting from the ionosphere at both E region and F region altitudes. Two additional modes are observed in which HF signals transmitted from one radar scatter from either ionospheric density irregularities or from the surface of the Earth before propagating to the bistatic receiving radar. Ray tracing simulations performed for examples of each mode show good agreement with observations and confirm our understanding of these three bistatic propagation modes. Bistatic campaigns continue to be scheduled in order to improve technical aspects of this new capability, to further explore the physical processes involved in the propagation and scattering of HF bistatic signals and to expand the coverage of ionospheric effects that is possible with SuperDARN.
Deep Into the Chibougamau Area, Abitibi Greenstone Belt: Structure of a Neoarchean Crust Revealed by Seismic Reflection Profiling
Authors: Mathieu Lucie , Snyder David B. , Bedeaux Pierre , Cheraghi Saeid , Lafrance Bruno , Thurston Phil , Sherlock Ross
Published: June 2020

Copper‐gold magmatic‐hydrothermal systems dominate in the Chibougamau area of the Neoarchean Abitibi subprovince (greenstone belt) of the Superior Province (craton), whereas orogenic gold mineralization is more common in the rest of the Abitibi. Understanding differences in metal endowment within the Abitibi greenstone belt requires insights into the geodynamic evolution of the Chibougamau area. This was addressed by imaging the crust using seismic reflection profiling acquired as part of the Metal Earth project. Seismic reflection sections display shallowly south‐dipping reflectors located within the upper crust (e.g., a possible deep continuation of the Barlow fault) and a northward‐dipping midcrust imbricated with older crust (Opatica subprovince) to the north. Multiple reflectors characterize the upper part of the midcrust, interpreted as faults superimposed on a major lithological boundary. These structures likely formed during terrane accretion prior to craton stabilization. Combining the new seismic data with known stratigraphic, structural, and magmatic records, we propose that the study area was initially a normal (i.e., thick) Archean oceanic crust that formed at or before 2.80 Ga and that evolved through terrane imbrication at 2.73–2.70 Ga. Shortening caused rapid burial, devolatilization, and partial melting of hydrated mafic rocks to produce tonalite magmas that may have mixed with mantle‐derived melts to produce the diorite‐tonalite suite associated with observed Cu‐Au magmatic‐hydrothermal mineralization.
Proximity labeling proteomics reveals critical regulators for inner nuclear membrane protein degradation in plants
Authors: Huang Aobo , Tang Yu , Shi Xuetao , Jia Min , Zhu Jinheng , Yan Xiaohan , Chen Huiqin , Gu Yangnan
Published: June 2020

The inner nuclear membrane (INM) selectively accumulates proteins that are essential for nuclear functions; however, overaccumulation of INM proteins results in a range of rare genetic disorders. So far, little is known about how defective, mislocalized, or abnormally accumulated membrane proteins are actively removed from the INM, especially in plants and animals. Here, via analysis of a proximity-labeling proteomic profile of INM-associated proteins in Arabidopsis, we identify critical components for an INM protein degradation pathway. We show that this pathway relies on the CDC48 complex for INM protein extraction and 26S proteasome for subsequent protein degradation. Moreover, we show that CDC48 at the INM may be regulated by a subgroup of PUX proteins, which determine the substrate specificity or affect the ATPase activity of CDC48. These PUX proteins specifically associate with the nucleoskeleton underneath the INM and physically interact with CDC48 proteins to negatively regulate INM protein degradation in plants.
Iron imaging in myocardial infarction reperfusion injury
Authors: Moon Brianna F. , Iyer Srikant Kamesh , Hwuang Eileen , Solomon Michael P. , Hall Anya T. , Kumar Rishabh , Josselyn Nicholas J. , Higbee-Dempsey Elizabeth M. , Tsourkas Andrew , Imai Akito , Okamoto Keitaro , Saito Yoshiaki , Pilla James J. , Gorman Joseph H. , Gorman Robert C. , Tschabrunn Cory , Keeney Samuel J. , Castillero Estibaliz , Ferrari Giovanni , Jockusch Steffen , Wehrli Felix W. , Shou Haochang , Ferrari Victor A. , Han Yuchi , Gulhane Avanti , Litt Harold , Matthai William , Witschey Walter R.
Published: June 2020

Restoration of coronary blood flow after a heart attack can cause reperfusion injury potentially leading to impaired cardiac function, adverse tissue remodeling and heart failure. Iron is an essential biometal that may have a pathologic role in this process. There is a clinical need for a precise noninvasive method to detect iron for risk stratification of patients and therapy evaluation. Here, we report that magnetic susceptibility imaging in a large animal model shows an infarct paramagnetic shift associated with duration of coronary artery occlusion and the presence of iron. Iron validation techniques used include histology, immunohistochemistry, spectrometry and spectroscopy. Further mRNA analysis shows upregulation of ferritin and heme oxygenase. While conventional imaging corroborates the findings of iron deposition, magnetic susceptibility imaging has improved sensitivity to iron and mitigates confounding factors such as edema and fibrosis. Myocardial infarction patients receiving reperfusion therapy show magnetic susceptibility changes associated with hypokinetic myocardial wall motion and microvascular obstruction, demonstrating potential for clinical translation.
Leaf Nutrient Resorption in Lucerne Decreases with Relief of Relative Soil Nutrient Limitation under Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization with Irrigation
Authors: Yang Mei , Lu Jiaoyun , Liu Minguo , Lu Yixiao , Yang Huimin
Published: June 2020

Leaf nutrient resorption is an important mechanism in adapting to adverse environments. However, few studies examine how nutrient resorption responds to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization or to a shift in nutrient limitation due to water supply and fertilization. On the Loess Plateau of China, we treated lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) with P, K, or combined P and K fertilizer and three levels of water supply. The resorption efficiency of leaf P (PRE) and K (KRE) decreased with increasing water supply, whereas that of N (NRE) was unaffected. The water supply regulated the effects of P and K fertilization on resorption efficiency. With low water, P fertilization reduced NRE and significantly increased KRE. Potassium fertilization did not affect KRE and NRE, whereas PRE was significantly affected. NRE increased with increasing green leaf N:K ratio, whereas KRE and PRE decreased with increasing K:P and N:P ratios, respectively. Water supply significantly increased soil nutrient availability interactively with P or K fertilization, leading to a shift in relative nutrient limitation, which was essential in regulating nutrient resorption. Thus, lucerne growth was not limited by K but by P or by P and N, which P fertilization and water supply ameliorated.
Finding undiagnosed patients with hepatitis C infection: an application of artificial intelligence to patient claims data
Authors: Doyle Orla M. , Leavitt Nadejda , Rigg John A.
Published: June 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant public health challenge with approximately half of the infected population untreated and undiagnosed. In this retrospective study, predictive models were developed to identify undiagnosed HCV patients using longitudinal medical claims linked to prescription data from approximately ten million patients in the United States (US) between 2010 and 2016. Features capturing information on demographics, risk factors, symptoms, treatments and procedures relevant to HCV were extracted from patients’ medical history. Predictive algorithms were developed based on logistic regression, random forests, gradient boosted trees and a stacked ensemble. Descriptive analysis indicated that patients exhibited known symptoms of HCV on average 2–3 years prior to their diagnosis. The precision was at least 95% for all algorithms at low levels of recall (10%). For recall levels >50%, the stacked ensemble performed best with a precision of 97% compared with 87% for the gradient boosted trees and just 31% for the logistic regression. For context, the Center for Disease Control recommends screening in an at-risk sub-population with an estimated HCV prevalence of 2.23%. The artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm presented here has a precision which is substantially higher than the screening rates associated with recommended clinical guidelines, suggesting that AI algorithms have the potential to provide a step change in the effectiveness of HCV screening.
Declining genetic diversity of European honeybees along the twentieth century
Authors: Espregueira Themudo Gonçalo , Rey-Iglesia Alba , Robles Tascón Lucía , Bruun Jensen Annette , da Fonseca Rute R. , Campos Paula F.
Published: June 2020

The European honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a key pollinator and has in the last decades suffered significant population decline. A combination of factors, including decrease in genetic diversity and introduction of Varroa mites, have been suggested to be responsible for these losses, but no definitive cause has yet been appointed. In Europe not only have wild colonies been severely affected, but managed hives have had a massive decline in numbers. To test the hypothesis that honeybees’ genetic diversity has decreased in the recent past, we used reduced representation genome sequencing of 40 historical honeybee specimens collected in Natural History collections across Europe and compared them to genomic data from 40 individuals from extant populations (collected post 2006). Our results are consistent with the existence of five evolutionary lineages as previously described, and show a decrease in genetic diversity between historical and extant individuals of the same lineage, as well as high levels of admixture in historical specimens. Our data confirm that a loss of genetic diversity has occurred during the last century, potentially increasing honeybees’ vulnerability to contemporary ecological and anthropogenic stressors.
A deep learning methodology for improved breast cancer diagnosis using multiparametric MRI
Authors: Hu Qiyuan , Whitney Heather M. , Giger Maryellen L.
Published: June 2020

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been shown to improve radiologists’ performance in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. This machine learning study develops a deep transfer learning computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) methodology to diagnose breast cancer using mpMRI. The retrospective study included clinical MR images of 927 unique lesions from 616 women. Each MR study included a dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI sequence and a T2-weighted (T2w) MRI sequence. A pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to extract features from the DCE and T2w sequences, and support vector machine classifiers were trained on the CNN features to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. Three methods that integrate the sequences at different levels (image fusion, feature fusion, and classifier fusion) were investigated. Classification performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and compared using the DeLong test. The single-sequence classifiers yielded areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) [95% confidence intervals] of AUCDCE = 0.85 [0.82, 0.88] and AUCT2w = 0.78 [0.75, 0.81]. The multiparametric schemes yielded AUCImageFusion = 0.85 [0.82, 0.88], AUCFeatureFusion = 0.87 [0.84, 0.89], and AUCClassifierFusion = 0.86 [0.83, 0.88]. The feature fusion method statistically significantly outperformed using DCE alone (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the proposed deep transfer learning CADx method for mpMRI may improve diagnostic performance by reducing the false positive rate and improving the positive predictive value in breast imaging interpretation.
Sleep in honey bees is affected by the herbicide glyphosate
Authors: Vázquez Diego E. , Balbuena M. Sol , Chaves Fidel , Gora Jacob , Menzel Randolf , Farina Walter M.
Published: June 2020

Sleep plays an essential role in both neural and energetic homeostasis of animals. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) manifest the sleep state as a reduction in muscle tone and antennal movements, which is susceptible to physical or chemical disturbances. This social insect is one of the most important pollinators in agricultural ecosystems, being exposed to a great variety of agrochemicals, which might affect its sleep behaviour. The intake of glyphosate (GLY), the herbicide most widely used worldwide, impairs learning, gustatory responsiveness and navigation in honey bees. In general, these cognitive abilities are linked with the amount and quality of sleep. Furthermore, it has been reported that animals exposed to sleep disturbances show impairments in both metabolism and memory consolidation. Consequently, we assessed the sleep pattern of bees fed with a sugar solution containing GLY (0, 25, 50 and 100 ng) by quantifying their antennal activity during the scotophase. We found that the ingestion of 50 ng of GLY decreased both antennal activity and sleep bout frequency. This sleep deepening after GLY intake could be explained as a consequence of the regenerative function of sleep and the metabolic stress induced by the herbicide.
A novel protective role for microRNA-3135b in Golgi apparatus fragmentation induced by chemotherapy via GOLPH3/AKT1/mTOR axis in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Núñez-Olvera Stephanie I. , Chávez-Munguía Bibiana , del Rocío Terrones-Gurrola María Cruz , Marchat Laurence A. , Puente-Rivera Jonathan , Ruíz-García Erika , Campos-Parra Alma D. , Vázquez-Calzada Carlos , Lizárraga-Verdugo Erik R. , Ramos-Payán Rosalío , Salinas-Vera Yarely M. , López-Camarillo César
Published: June 2020

Chemotherapy activates a novel cytoplasmic DNA damage response resulting in Golgi apparatus fragmentation and cancer cell survival. This mechanism is regulated by Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3)/Myo18A/F-actin axis. Analyzing the functions of miR-3135b, a small non-coding RNA with unknown functions, we found that its forced overexpression attenuates the Golgi apparatus fragmentation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. First, we found that miR-3135b is downregulated in CRC cell lines and clinical tumors. Bioinformatic predictions showed that miR-3135b could be regulating protein-encoding genes involved in cell survival, resistance to chemotherapy, and Golgi dynamics. In agreement, ectopic transfection of miR-3135b in HCT-15 cancer cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, sensitized cells to 5-fluoruracil (5-FU), and promoted late apoptosis and necrosis. Also, miR-3135b overexpression impaired the cell cycle progression in HCT-15 and SW-480 cancer cells. Because GOLPH3, a gene involved in maintenance of Golgi structure, was predicted as a potential target of miR-3135b, we studied their functional relationships in response to DNA damage induced by chemotherapy. Immunofluorescence and cellular ultrastructure experiments using antibodies against TGN38 protein, a trans-Golgi network marker, showed that 5-FU and doxorubicin treatments result in an apoptosis-independent stacks dispersal of the Golgi ribbon structure in both HCT-15 and SW-480 cells. Remarkably, these cellular effects were dramatically hindered by transfection of miR-3135b mimics. In addition, our functional studies confirmed that miR-3135b binds to the 3′-UTR of GOLPH3 proto-oncogene, and also reduces the levels of p-AKT1 (Ser473) and p-mTOR (Ser2448) signaling transducers, which are key in cell survival and autophagy activation. Moreover, we found that after treatment with 5-FU, TGN38 factor coimmunolocalizes with beclin-1 autophagic protein in discrete structures associated with the fragmented Golgi, suggesting that the activation of pro-survival autophagy is linked to loss of Golgi integrity. These cellular effects in autophagy and Golgi dispersal were reversed by miR-3135b. In summary, we provided experimental evidence suggesting for the first time a novel role for miR-3135b in the protection of chemotherapy-induced Golgi fragmentation via GOLPH3/AKT1/mTOR axis and protective autophagy in colorectal cancer cells.
Suture type used for perineal injury repair and sexual function: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Martínez-Galiano Juan Miguel , Arredondo-López Beatriz , Hidalgo-Ruiz Manuel , Narvaez-Traverso Alicia , Lopez-Morón Inmaculada , Delgado-Rodriguez Miguel
Published: June 2020

The type of suture used to repair perineal injury may be associated with this healing process and subsequent sexual function. This study aims to assess whether the suture technique used (continuous or interrupted) has an impact on a woman’s sexual function following childbirth. A single-blind randomised clinical trial was conducted with primiparous women who had experienced a perineal injury during childbirth. A computer-generated random number table was applied to allocate women to each group. Data were collected on sociodemographic variables, variables associated with childbirth, and outcomes during the 3 months after childbirth. Mean difference was used to assess the influence of the suture type on outcomes. Multivariate analyses were carried out to adjust for unbalanced variables after randomisation. Seventy women participated in the intervention group (continuous suture) and 64 women in the control group (interrupted suture). The women in the intervention group scored high for sexual desire, adjusted mean difference (aMD) = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1–2.6 (p < 0.001); the same happened with arousal (aMD = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.8–2.5, p < 0.001). In the intervention group, orgasm was more easily reached, aMD = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.4–1.1 (p < 0.001). Women who received a continuous suture indicated they felt less discomfort (p < 0.001). Women who had a continuous suture reported better postpartum sexual function.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03825211 posted 31/01/ 2019.
Self-assembled cell sheets composed of mesenchymal stem cells and gelatin nanofibers for the treatment of full-thickness wounds
Authors: Pham-Nguyen Oanh-Vu , Shin Ji Un , Kim Hyesung , Yoo Hyuk Sang
Published: June 2020

Gelatin-layered PCL nanofibrils for 3D cell sheet formation were composed with adipocyte-derived stem cells for wound healing.
Convenient synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles for the hydrogenation of quinolines in water
Authors: Hervochon Julien , Dorcet Vincent , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias , Fischmeister Cedric
Published: June 2020

Easily accessible cobalt nanoparticles are prepared by hydrolysis of NaBH4in the presence of inexpensive Co(ii) salts.
In situ conversion of layered double hydroxide arrays into nanoflowers of NixV1−x-MOF as a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Xiang Mei-Hao , Lu Changtong , Xia Lian , Zhang Wenhui , Jiang Jian-Hui , Qu Fengli , Lu Limin
Published: June 2020

The Ni0.9V0.1-MOF exhibits superior catalytic OER performance, needing an overpotential of 290 mV at 150 mA cm−2 in alkaline media.
Kinetic studies on the reaction of NO with iron(ii) complexes using low temperature stopped-flow techniques
Authors: Specht Pascal , Oßberger Martin , Klüfers Peter , Schindler Siegfried
Published: June 2020

Quite different reaction mechanisms were observed in a kinetic study of NO binding to iron(ii) complexes.
Antidiabetic effects of selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum DD98 in type 2 diabetes model of mice
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhu Hui , Gao Fei , Qian Zhixiang , Mao Wenwei , Yin Yu , Tan Jun , Chen Daijie
Published: June 2020

Se-B. longum DD98 have shown antidiabetic effects in a type 2 diabetes model.
Localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction in Cu nanoparticle loaded ZnInS solid solutions
Authors: Huang Hai-Bo , Yu Kai , Zhang Ning , Xu Jian-Ying , Yu Xu-Teng , Liu Heng-Xin , Cao Hai-Lei , Lü Jian , Cao Rong
Published: June 2020

Cu nanoparticle loaded ZnInS solid solutions were designed and applied as visible-light-driven photocatalysts for efficient CO2 photoreduction.
Generation of controllable chiral optical fields by vector beams
Authors: Li Manman , Yan Shaohui , Zhang Yanan , Yao Baoli
Published: June 2020

Chirality is common in nature, describing not only the geometrical property of a three-dimensional object, but also an intrinsic feature of an optical field.
A minireview on doped carbon dots for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Zhang Zhengting , Yi Guiyun , Li Peng , Zhang Xiuxiu , Fan Haiyang , Zhang Yulong , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Chuanxiang
Published: June 2020

This minireview highlights recent advances on photocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications of doped CDs with improved electronic structures.
Furry nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization of nanoemulsion-mediated core crosslinked nanoparticles and their robust stability in vivo
Authors: Tanaka Rena , Arai Koichi , Matsuno Jun , Soejima Miyo , Lee Ji Ha , Takahashi Rintaro , Sakurai Kazuo , Fujii Shota
Published: June 2020

Core crosslinked nanoparticles were prepared via nanoemulsion stabilized by a poly(ethylene glycol)-bearing surfactant, which show high structural stability in vivo.
A dual emission metal–organic framework for rapid ratiometric fluorescence detection of CO32− in seawater
Authors: Wei Yu , Xia Yan
Published: June 2020

A dual emission metal–organic framework (IRMOF-10-Eu) was prepared and used as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for CO32− detection.