bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where have all the Prophets Gone? URCSA 25 years Later: Re-Acquainting with Prophetic Theology in Post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Fortein Eugene Andre
Published: June 2021

The Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA) was formed in 1994 as a merger between the former Dutch Reformed Mission Church (DRMC) and the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa (DRCA). URCSA, as the bearer of the Belhar Confession, has always stood within the tradition of Prophetic Theology. This article upholds the presuppositions that the prophetic nature of Black Liberation Theology impacted on the reasoning of the authors of various anti-apartheid documents like the theological declarations of the Belydendekring and Alliance of Black Reformed Christians in Southern Africa (ABRECSA), the Kairos Document and Belhar Confession; and with the advent of our democracy, URCSA not only lost her Kairos conscience but parted with Prophetic Theology—hence the title of this paper. Issues like state capture, corruption, the expropriation of land without compensation, poverty, racism, and so forth are all issues plaguing our young democracy and require a clear theological response. This article argues for renewed acquaintance from the church, URCSA, with Prophetic Theology, which will enable the church to not only speak prophetically but to challenge the status quo. Prophetic Theology is much better prepared to engage with the challenges posed in post-apartheid South Africa because it is grounded in a hope that is unprepared to accept the world as it is.
The Empty Land Myth: A Biblical and Socio-historical Exploration
Authors: Cezula Ntozakhe Simon , Modise Leepo
Published: June 2021

Persistent discourse on the contentious “empty land” theory remains relevant within a biblical and socio-historic milieu, especially in the history of a colonialised country such as South Africa. Seeing that there are still arguments in favour of the “empty land” theory, the authors of this article undertook a venture to engage with the “empty land” theory as a myth. This article consists of four parts: the first part discusses the myth of “empty land” in the Old Testament Bible in relation to the “empty land” myth in South Africa. Secondly the researchers will argue for the occupation of land by the indigenous people of South Africa as early as 270 AD–1830. The vertex for the third argument is of a more socio-economic nature, namely the lifestyle of the African people before colonialism. The article contends that people were nomadic and did not regard land as property to be sold and bought. There were no boundaries; there was free movement. Finally, the article explores the point of either recognition of Africans as human beings, or in a demeaning way viewing them as animals to be chased away in order to empty the land, thereby creating “emptied” land.
Historic Shifts towards the Decolonisation and Africanisation of Ordination in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa
Authors: Williams Donald M. , Bentley Wessel
Published: June 2021

The doctrine and practices of ordination in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA) trace their origins from the Wesleyan Methodist Church. These initially adopted ordination practices proved to be culturally incongruent with ministry in the southern African context, raising the question as to whether the MCSA has made sufficient adaptations in its doctrine and practices to be culturally attuned to its context. Using a theoretical literary study, the article traces the colonial heritage of the doctrine of ordination and defines significant shifts and influences in the decolonisation and Africanisation of ordination in the MCSA. This article argues that while there have been significant changes, the doctrine and practices of ordination require further shifts to represent a truly African church.
The Possibilities of a Clergy Labour Union within the Covenantal Relationship of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa
Authors: Khuzwayo Sifiso
Published: June 2021

The aim of this article is to investigate the basis upon which a labour union for the clergy within the Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA) could be beneficial for both the church and the clergy. Such a union would recognise the clergy as personnel, rather than representatives of the church. The covenantal relationship that exists between the church and clergy is based on the premise that clergy are called by God and are, therefore, not employees of the church. However, the relationship between church and clergy is often clouded by several factors that make the judiciary hesitant to get involved in church affairs. The aim of this article is to explore how best the relationship between the church and clergy can be improved for the benefit of both parties, and so engender an authentic witness of the social justice proclamation that has become synonymous with Methodism. The effect of her social justice proclamation means the church should view the establishment of a clergy labour union as a step towards a higher standard of clergy care.
Why not Belhar? Some Reflections on the Foremost Barrier in the Process of Church Reunification
Authors: Fortein Eugene Andre
Published: June 2021

The Belhar Confession is perhaps the most significant barrier in the process of church reunification in South Africa. This article reflects upon the critique voiced against Belhar by the DRC and opponents of the confession. The critique against Belhar mainly focuses on the issues that it confesses no new beliefs, the setting of its origin and its connection with black theology. This study indicates that Belhar, like the other Reformed confessions, confessed no new beliefs and originated within a particular context, but is not bound to that context. The study further indicates how Belhar embodies the black experience through the hermeneutical elements of black theology.
‘Bring Back our Innocence’. Protecting Children from Commercial Sexual Exploitation: A Case Study of Three African Countries
Authors: Mavunga Rufaro Audrey
Published: June 2021

The focus of this article is on the commercial sexual exploitation of children with a particular focus on the use of children for the purposes of prostitution and pornography in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Uganda. The article examines the international prohibition of child prostitution and pornography and analyses the extent to which these three countries have implemented the relevant international instruments in their national legal order. The research reveals that South Africa has enacted estimable legislation that prohibits the use of children for the purposes of prostitution and pornography, whereas Zimbabwe and Uganda’s legislation warrants some refinement. In addition, research identifies some of the challenges these countries are facing in implementing the respective legislative frameworks and, to that effect, the article author seeks to offer recommendations for overcoming such difficulties. The extent to which the three countries have incorporated international laws prohibiting child prostitution into their national legislation is analysed.
Removal of the National Director of Public Prosecution: A Critique of Emerging Constitutional Jurisprudence
Authors: Mhango Mtendeweka
Published: June 2021

In this article, I critically examine the constitutional provisions governing the removal of the National Director of Public Prosecutions. This examination is undertaken in the context of recent decisions by the High Court in Corruption Watch (RF) NPC and Another v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others; Council for the Advancement of the South African Constitution v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others [2018] 1 All SA 471 (GP); 2018 (1) SACR 317 (GP) and the Constitutional Court in Corruption Watch NPC and Others v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others [2018] ZACC 23, which found certain provisions of the National Prosecuting Authority Act 32 of 1998, which governs the removal of the National Director, unconstitutional. The article is critical of these two court decisions for their failure to properly justify the order to invalidate the provisions of the National Prosecuting Authority Act and to provide a proper account of the different separation of powers imperatives involved in the cases. The article is also critical of the Constitutional Court’s approach to the abstract review of the sections in the National Prosecuting Authority Act, and of its suspension of the order of invalidity in a manner which took no due regard to established jurisprudence. Lastly, the article is critical of the Constitutional Court’s omission to address the High Court order that the Deputy President should appoint the National Director, which runs counter to the text of the Constitution.
Khipus, Khipu Boards, and Sacred Texts: Toward a Philology of Andean Knotted Cords
Authors: Hyland Sabine , Bennison Sarah , Hyland William P.
Published: June 2021

Although the knotted cord texts known askhipushave been created in the Andes for over a millennium (ca. AD 950–1950), their historical philology has been little understood. This study, based on original archival and ethnographic research, analyzes hybrid khipu/alphabetic texts known as “khipu boards,” examining their development in colonial Peru, and their role in twentieth-century Andean rituals. Particular attention is paid to a previously unknown sacred manuscript, the Entablo, from the community of San Pedro de Casta, Peru, which describes how villagers used khipu boards in their annual religious ceremonies until the 1950s. This study reveals new insights into the social and symbolic nature of post-Inka khipus as texts, particularly with reference to gender, place, and knowledge.
Rethinking Nuclear Cooperation in Argentina’s and Brazil’s Competition for Prestige, 1972–1980
Authors: Dunlap Christopher
Published: June 2021

This article advances several arguments about scientific and diplomatic collaboration on peaceful nuclear energy technologies between Argentina and Brazil. First, although 1972–1980 is generally viewed as an acrimonious period in the neighbors’ bilateral relationship, nuclear energy officials in these South American countries made significant and unexpected progress toward technical cooperation, motivated by a shared geopolitical position. Furthermore, technological differences between the two nuclear energy programs, and experts’ ideas on their potential implications for agreement between key officials, opened potential avenues for diplomatic cooperation. Finally, this article illuminates a surprising quality of diplomatic behavior of the military dictatorships in Brazil and Argentina. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, Argentina and Brazil shared nearly identical stances on the unfettered right to pursue advanced nuclear technology. In combination with increased technical cooperation, this ideological alignment supported a landmark bilateral presidential summit in 1980 on nuclear energy collaboration.
Uso de pino de fibra de vidro para reabilitar unidade dental comprometida por extensa lesão cariosa: relato de caso
Authors: Rocha Aurélio de Oliveira , Lima Thaine Oliveira , Anjos Lucas Menezes dos , Santos Lucas Ferreira de Sá , Santos Rafaela de Menezes dos Anjos , Filho William José e Silva , Macedo Cariorrana Vital de Sousa , Santos Marcos Antônio Lima dos , Andrade Rayle Monteiro , Júnior Nailson Silva Meneses
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico onde a evolução da cárie causou comprometimento pulpar e estrutural em uma unidade dental que após tratamento endodôntico foi reabilitada com utilização de pino de fibra de vidro e restauração com resina composta. Detalhamento do caso: Paciente encaminhado para reabilitação oral pelo endodontista após realização previa de tratamento endodôntico da unidade dental 25 a qual se encontrava com extensa destruição coronal. Ao exame clínico inicial foi observado comprometimento considerável das paredes: oclusal, mesial e vestibular. Levando em consideração a queixa do paciente, análise oral clínica e limitações financeiras, foram propostas as seguintes etapas para tratamento: instalação de pino intrarradicular e posterior confecção de restauração direta em resina composta. O conduto foi parcialmente desobturado com posterior preparo das superfícies, cimentação do pino e restauração da unidade com resina composta devolvendo estética e função a paciente. Considerações finais: Os pinos de fibra de vidro têm demonstrado ótimo desempenho reabilitador, cabe ao dentista o conhecimento e aplicação de correta instalação desse componente intrarradicular.
Doença de Still do adulto associada à hipertensão arterial pulmonar: relato de caso
Authors: Garbin Artênio José Saliba , Cano Rodrigo Borges Oliveira , Bagio Tony Maronesi , Lima Vinícius Cortellazze , Filho José Marques
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Relatar a coexistência entre Doença de Still do Adulto e Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar. Detalhamento do caso: Apresentamos o caso de uma gestante de 29 anos, encaminhada pelo serviço de reumatologia de um hospital do estado de São Paulo com diagnóstico de Doença de Still do adulto. Apresentou no início da doença febre persistente, artralgias, artrite bilateral em punhos, pericardite, derrame pleural, ferritina elevada, linfadenopatia e visceromegalia. Foi realizado parto cesárea e, dois meses depois, utilizou doses progressivas de prednisolona, após recidiva da doença. Apresentou evolução do quadro cursando com os mesmos sintomas, porém associada à hipertensão pulmonar ao exame ecocardiográfico. Transferida à Universidade de São Paulo para cateterismo cardíaco. Durante o exame apresentou parada cardiorrespiratória, sem resposta as manobras de ressuscitação. Considerações finais: A Doença de Still do Adulto é uma condição rara caracterizada por febre, artralgia e rash maculopapular que dificilmente caminha com Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar. Dessa forma, é necessário maior conhecimento sobre a doença pela comunidade médica, com o objetivo de impedir sua progressão e complicações.
GROUP COUNSELING AS SELF-ESTEEM AND MOTIVATION INTERVENTION FOR TRUANCY PROBLEMATIC STUDENTS: A MALAYSIAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Mohan Tharishini Mana , Bakar Abu Yazid Abu
Published: June 2021

The study aims to determine whether the students who presented group counseling for lower trigonometry differed from those in the comparison group. The experimental research plan was used. The number of participants who participated in the study selected several students. Study results indicated that individuals in the treatment group could reduce their worldly behavior; The number of students in the actual practice of basic self-management goals increases compared to students with self-capability goals triples among students during the counselling sessions. However, the recommendations made with this study included a greater need for additional counseling on how to change school behavior rather than using physical punishment.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING ESP FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE PROGRAM
Authors: Triristina Nensy , Khabib Samsul
Published: June 2021

This study investigates ESP students' perception of ESP teaching effectiveness for Social and Political Science from the non-English Department. Data were collected from forty-six participants from three Social and Political Science Program Departments, Darul 'Ulum University. To obtain the data, questionnaires and interviews were employed as the instruments. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis into four categories; material, teaching method, learning motivation, and classroom management. The findings showed that some students were dissatisfied with the ESP materials given. However, the students perceived that they need to take the ESP materials to have professional communication skills for future careers. Additionally, it was also found that the roles of lectures' guidance in learning ESP were important. Finally, the interview results reveal the difficulties the students face in learning ESP, including vocabulary, pronunciation, reading comprehension, and grammatical structure.
A Convenient Synthesis of Dithiolane and Benzyloximates Derivatives for Ligand Studies
Authors: Gondi Sudershan Reddy , Jacobsson Michael B. , Rim Chinwon , Son David Y.
Published: June 2021

We report the synthesis of new aromatic derivatives containing the 1,3-dithiolane ether and benzyloximino moiety which are attached by simple alkylation and esterification reaction by treating 1,3-dithiolane-2-methanol and a-benzyloximino acid chloride respectively with various aromatic halides and alcohols, respectively. The isolated yields of these compounds range from 65 to 85%. 1,3-dithiolane ether and the benzyloxy substituted hydroquinone are white solids or residual oil and stable to air and moisture.
A Convenient Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Diamines Derivatives
Authors: Gondi Sudershan Reddy , Jacobsson Michael B. , Rissing Christiana Julia , Son David Y.
Published: June 2021

A new series of substituted anthranilic esters derivatives linked with a 1,3-dithiolane andbenzyloximino moiety was synthesized using the simple esterfication reaction and products werefully characterized. The isolated yields of these compounds range from 59 to 96%. 1,3-dithiolane ester and the benzyloxy substituted diamine derivatives are white solids and stable toair and moisture. The synthesized compounds can be exhibits UV-vis absorption properties bytheir structures with a amine or amide group, It is observed that absorption maximum is excellentfor 2,6-disubstituted benzyloxy esters which can be explained by electron transfer or conjugationis steric effect in ortho substitution from the amino group and the amide group.
21st Annual McGill Biomedical Graduate Conference (AMBGC)
Authors:   Experimental Medicine Graduate Students' Society (EMGSS)
Published: June 2021

N/A
Cytotoxic Test of Fraction of Gaharu Leaves (Aquilaria Malaccensis) on Cervic Cancer Cells (Hela Cells) Using MTT Assay Method
Authors: Aris Suhardiman  , Asep Ramdani  , Dewi Kurnia  , Aiyi Asnawi
Published: June 2021

Cervical cancer is one type of cancer that attacks women in both developed and developing countries. Cancer can arise from cell division errors or DNA damage from certain environmental exposures that cause free radicals as a factor of cancer cells. The agarwood plant (Aquilaria malaccensis  Lam) has been known by society as a health tea ingredient. The content of compounds contained in tea is believed to have anti-cancer and antioxidant activity. In previous studies found some of the active compound ingredients contained in the leaves of agarwood, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoid, saponins and tannins. Tests that have been done previously that agarwood plants have good cytotoxic activity against cancer cells MCF-7 from one of the fractions, the n-hexane fraction. In this study, another cytotoxic potential test was carried out from aloe plants on other cancer cells, namely HeLa cells. Extraction was carried out by the Soxhletation method using 96% ethanol solvent, then fractionated with n-hexane solvent, ethyl asetate, and methanol: water. The MTT assay method is used to test the cytotoxic activity of sample research on cell cultures used. Measurements were performed using an ELISA reader at 550 nm wavelength. The results showed that the IC50 values of the four samples tested were ethanol extract (299,506 µg / ml), n-hexane fraction (120,913 µg / ml), ethyl acetate fraction (3490,476 µg / ml) and methanol fraction: water (294,060 µg) / ml). from extracts and fractions it is known that the highest value is shown by the n-hexane fraction in the moderately active/moderate category.
Implementation of Group Guidance Model to Improve Students’ Responsibilities in Learning Activities in Class XI IPS2
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: June 2021

This study aims to improve the students' responsibilities in following learning activities in class XI IPS2 by implementing the group guidance model. The population in this study were all students of class XI IPS2 SMA Negeri 1 Wirosari Academic Year 2018/2019. The sample was 12 students who have a problem with low student responsibility in following learning activities in class XI IPS2. The data collection method in this study used the observation method to reveal data about increasing students' responsibilities during group guidance activities and students' learning activities. The data analysis used descriptive analysis. The results showed that the students' responsibilities in following learning activities in class XI IPS2 by implementing the group guidance model increased very significantly. This could be shown from the result of the initial condition of the students' responsibilities in following learning activities class XI IPS2 by 0%. In cycle one there was an increase in students' responsibilities by 46%.
The Effect of the Application of the Nature of Science (NOS) Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Matondang Nursalam , Kusumawati I , Murdani Eka
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to show the effect of implementing the Nature of Science (NOS) learning model on student learning outcomes. This type of research was a quantitative study with a sampling technique that is purposive sampling and a research design in the form of an experimental class and a control class. Based on statistical analysis using the SPSS application, it was identified that the data presented is normally distributed so that the data analysis in the next step used the parametric statistical T-test where it was found that sig 0.000 is smaller than 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there was a significant effect on the learning outcomes of the experimental class students before and after the NOS learning model was applied to the Static Fluid material. The data collection instrument in this study was in the form of pre-test and post-test question sheets. After the data were analyzed using the effect size equation and it was found that the NOS learning model in the experimental class and control class had a difference of 1.681 with high criteria.
Ética: mecanismo para enfrentar conflictos en salud
Authors: Espinoza Carrión Flor , Lam Vivanco Adriana , Torres Espinoza Juan José , Cuenca Mayorga Fabián
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo consiste de una investigación documental con el fin de documentar métodos viables a los profesionales de salud, para la toma de decisiones rápidas y eficaces, en determinados conflictos entre su ética con diversas circunstancias que se pueden dar en el ejercicio de su profesión, decisiones de las que depende la integridad de pacientes. El método aplicado se fundamentó en la lectura, estudio y selección exhaustiva de bibliografías, para poder dar solución a la problemática citada, mediante una relación teórica y práctica; que permitiera la elaboración del estado del arte. Los resultados muestran un constante surgimiento de conflictos entre la concepción ética de diferentes profesionales de salud con diversas circunstancias; como son desconocimiento total o parcial de sus códigos deontológicos respectivos, o antinomias entre éstos y otras leyes sanitarias o de cualquier índole, entre otras. Concluyendo que es fundamental la preparación teórica y práctica de profesionales de salud; siendo necesaria la intervención eficaz de autoridades de gestión, quienes deberán ofrecer una comunicación abierta, la preocupación por conocer diferentes aspectos ideológicos, religiosos, etc.; de cada uno de sus dirigidos y tal vez lo más importante, es que organicen constantes socializaciones, en las cuales puedan dar soluciones a conflictos frecuentes que pudieran suscitarse en el diario vivir, que ayuden a los profesionales de la salud a tomar decisiones sin ninguna clase de temor, con celeridad y asertividad, precautelando la integridad del paciente.
Anti-malaria and hypoglycaemic activities of Diosgenin on alloxan-induced, diabetic Wistar rats
Authors: Omoirri Moses Aziakpono  , Madubogwu Ngozi Ukamaka  , Oraekei Daniel Ikechukwu  , Ataihire Johnson Uyovwiesevwa  , Chukwuemeka Charles Ofili  , Mbata Uchenna Chisom
Published: June 2021

The rising threat of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to Monotherapies has prompted the world health organization (WHO) 2006 guidelines to recommend the use of different anti-malarias. In this study, the anti-malaria and hypoglycaemic activities of Diosgenin, a potent, yet poorly reported saponin was investigated on P. falciparum inoculated and Alloxan-Induced, Diabetic Wistar Rats. Fort two (42) adult male wistar rats of between 100g and 150g were procured, acclimatized (for two weeks), and grouped into seven of six (6) rats per group. While Group 1 (Normal control) received normal rat chow and water ad libitum, groups 2 – 4 received no treatment (untreated), 10 mg/kg body weight of anti-diabetic Metformin and 25 mg/kg body weight of diosgenin respectively after inducing diabetes mellitus (DM) with alloxan monohydrate; whereas, groups 5-7 (all malaria infected) were untreated (negative malaria control), 25 mg/kg body weight of diosgenin and 56 mg/kg body weight of anti-malaria coartem respectively. Following treatment period, blood samples were obtained and assayed for fasting blood sugar, packed cell volume (PCV) and total white blood cell count (TWBCC). From the result, P. falciparum exposed rats showed lowered PCV values than control with observed improvements in coartem (significant at p < 0.05) and diosgenin (insignificant) treatment groups. Also, diabetic, diosgenin treated rats showed an insignificant reduction in blood sugar levels compared to control, even though this change was apparently improved compared to diabetic, untreated group. Again, TWBCC caused notable decrease in diosgenin treated, though this decrease signified a huge recovery compared to untreated rats. Corroborative studies on diosgenin with other systems is recommended.
Antimicrobial and antihelminthic activities of beetroot plant
Authors: Chika C. Nwankwo  , Daodu Bamidele T
Published: June 2021

The antimicrobial and antihelminthic activities of beetroot plant was analyzed in this work against some bacterial isolates of clinical significance, the isolates were obtained from the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital and tested against the beetroot extract. The disc diffusion and well in agar technique was used for the antimicrobial analyzes and the bacteria isolates used include Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp. Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus auerus and Candida albicans. The juice extract of the beetroot ample proved to be more effective on the bacterial isolates than the ethanol extract; the extract was effective against Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli but wasn’t effective on Salmonella sp. and Klebsiella sp. the beetroot samples was less effective on the worm. The phytochemical compounds present in beetroot samples include saponin, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides. From the result obtained in this study, it shows that beetroot plant is very nutritional and can serve as a source of a variety of nutrients and natural occurring chemical compounds.
An inclusive review on virology, transmission, and clinical management of COVID-19 resulting from SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Barsha Rani Kar  , Subhashree Dash  , Surya Mishra  , Shibam Kumar Tripathy  , Ajay kumar Sahu
Published: June 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 named by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th February 2020 and declared pandemic on March bears mild symptoms like fever, fatigue, dry cough to critical conditions like chronic respiratory disease leads to death. There are many misconceptions and vast internet information manipulating brains of the victimized society, which sow anxiety in people regarding this syndrome, and to provide adequate and accurate information literature reviews are must. This review article intends to deliver the current valuable information regarding the evolution, virology, and mode of transmission and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 along with the clinical management describing specific effective treatments, therapeutics, and vaccines through considering the clinical features of COVID-19. Several preventive measures, such as quarantine, self-isolation, and social distancing, are also elaborated. For the administration of this worldwide pandemic, the multifactorial assortment of endorsed examinations on each of these sections of COVID-19 inside this assessment empowers explanation and transparency on the existing eminence.
Nepafenac loaded ophthalmic nanocarriers for treatment of uveitis: A review
Authors: Chetna M Sangode  , Amol A Tatode  , Milind J Umekar
Published: June 2021

Visual impairment (VI), a worldwide worry that is probably going to raise with delayed futures, has gained increasing attention in the domain of eye care. Now a days, new cases of visual impairment occur in older individuals, some children are born with visual impairments resulting from retinopathy of prematurity, a condition associated with premature birth. Other children experience vision loss because of congenital glaucoma or congenital cataracts, Uveitis and some experience vision loss of unknown etiology. Uveitis is an intraocular inflammation involving primarily the uveal tract. Vision is one of our most cherished senses. There are nearly 45 million people worldwide who are blind and a further 135 million people are visually disabled. Uveitis causes 0.6% - 11% of blindness in various studies. The ophthalmic preparations are available as buffered, sterile and isotonic solution. For the ocular delivery of drugs, several types of dosage forms are prepared and marketed. As drops are easier to administer so the most prescribed dosage form is the eye drop solution. Nepafenac is unique among ophthalmic NSAIDs in that it is a prodrug deaminated to amfenac, a highly effective non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The compiled data presented in this review will act as a good information resource and reference point for further research in the field of ocular drug delivery aiming non-invasive sustained release of drugs in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.
Gregarious flowering in Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees in Mussoorie Hills, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Chandrima Debi  , Sas. Biswas  , Kahkashan Naseem
Published: June 2021

Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees has started flowering and synchronous flowering can be observed in the hillslopes and roadside of Mussoorie and vicinity areas. The synchronous flowering of D. strictus was observed in few locations along hillslopes of Mussoorie – Dehradun roadway. The GPS locations of the site are 30024’55’ N and 7804’41’E, 30024’52” N and 7804’43” E and 30024’49” and 7804’43” E at an elevation of around 1130 msl. The bamboo clumps were overladen with flowers showing synchronous flowering.
Parasitological and bacteriological survey of liquid wastes from Naze industrial clusters in Owerri, Imo state
Authors: Raymond Ikechukwu Nnadozie  , Nicholas Chinedu Ewelike  , Etienne Chinakwe  , Nancy Nnedinma Nnodim  , Chioma Ogochukwu Anorue  , Joseph Uchechukwu Ozor  , Godfrey Ikechukwu Eberendu
Published: June 2021

Liquid wastes are known to be highly contaminated and pose great public health risk, especially when indiscriminately discharged to the environment. The parasitological and bacteriological survey of liquid wastes from Naze industrial clusters in Owerri metropolis was carried out. Sewage wastewater and laundry wastewater were used as study samples. 100mls each of the samples were collected from the drainage sites with sterile screw-capped specimen bottles, and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The liquid wastes were filtered and the filtrates were used for the analysis. Parasitological analysis employed Zinc Sulphate Centrifugal Flotation Technique and Modified Ziel-Nielsen stain (Acid-Fast Staining). Parasitic ova, cysts, larva and oocysts isolated were identified using standard morphological and taxonomic keys. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques and biochemical characteristics where necessary. Parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Schistosoma mansoni, Hymenolepsis nana, Entamoeba histolytica, Gardia lamblia, Balantidium coll and Isospora belli were isolated from the liquid wastes. Bacteria species isolated included Erwinia amylovora, Listeria monocytogens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. The results showed that the most prevalent parasite and bacteria isolated were Ascaris lumbricoides 49(37.6%) and Salmonella typhi (3.38x104 CFU/mL) respectively. These potentially pathogenic parasites and bacteria detected in these liquid wastes, pose serious threat to public health. Interventive measures such as public health education, adequate drainage and waste disposal system, regular and monitored environmental sanitation, and provision of safe and portable water supply to the study area, are recommended.
Radical Scavenging activity and phytochemical screening of the leaf extract of Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell
Authors: Awotedu BF  , Omolola TO  , Akala AO  , Ogunsiji AO  , Owoeye EA  , Olaoti-Laaro SO
Published: June 2021

Antioxidants are chemicals that possess bioactive constituents which usually allow them to fight against free radicals. Antioxidant and phytochemicals properties of the leaves of Synsepalum dulcificum were investigated using ethyl-acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts. 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total flavonoid and the total phenolic content was carried out. The phytochemical screening assay was done on the following: Alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, tannin, anthraquinones, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and phlobatannin using the test solvent extracts. The results gotten for antioxidant revealed that methanol gave the highest extract yield (17.4%) while ethyl-acetate extract had the least yield (5.0%). At 250 μg/ml extract concentration, the methanolic extract gave the highest amount with the IC50 values (89.94 μg/ml), followed by ethanol extract (68.20 μg/ml)) while ethyl acetate extract had the least scavenging activity of (39.21 μg/ml), and these were significantly different (P<0.05). Total antioxidant activity (ascorbic acid equivalent) at 250 μg/ml of S. dulcificum ranged from 41.7 AAE in ethyl-acetate extract to 58.98 AAE in methanol extract. Furthermore, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the leaf extracts revealed that at 250 μg/ml extract concentration, methanol extract had the highest (0.29μmolFe2+/g) reduction potential, followed by ethanol extract (0.28μmolFe2+/g) and ethyl-acetate extract (0.26μmolFe2+/g). The total phenolic content of the extracts ranged from 0.02μg/ml TAE–0.09μg/ml TAE at 1000μg/ml extract concentration while the total flavonoid content ranged from 0.32mg/g QE in ethyl-acetate extract to 14.38mg/g QE in methanol extract. This study suggests that S. dulcificum extract exhibit great potential antioxidant ability that could fight against oxidative stress.
Assessment of the proximate composition, sensory acceptability and microbial loads of unripe plantain flour fortified with dry herring fish
Authors: Olajumoke Adeogun  , Oluwatoyin Adegoriola Tiamiyu  , Adebola Atinuke Alabi  , Idayat Oluwayemisi Akindele
Published: June 2021

Health challenges are on the increase daily due to insufficient nutrient in the body therefore there is a need to solve the problems. Therefore, this study determined the proximate composition, sensory and microbial qualities of unripe plantain flour fortified with dry Herring fish (‘Shawa’). Unripe plantain flour was mixed with herring fish flour at different levels (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20). Proximate composition and microbial loads of the fortified flours were determined using standard laboratory procedures. Sensory acceptability of ‘Amala’ prepared with the fortified plantain flours was determined using 7-point hedonic scale of preference. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS (version 21.00). The samples were significantly (p<0.05) different from one another in terms of all the qualities evaluated. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that the percentage of protein, crude fibre, ash and fat content of unripe plantain flour increased while carbohydrate decreased as level of addition of herring fish flour to plantain flour increased. Sample containing 20% herring fish flour had the highest while 100% unripe plantain flour had the lowest. The microbial loads were within the acceptable level recommended for flour samples. Absence of coliform in almost all the flours evaluated revealed the level of hygienic condition at which the samples were prepared. The sensory acceptability result showed that the unripe plantain flour fortified with 10% fish flour was the most acceptable. Fortification at 20% level had the highest protein content, therefore can be recommended for infant, growing children and adults.
Determinants of The Firm Value in Indonesia
Authors: Kristanto Marshelino Boyke , Lasdi Lodovicus
Published: June 2021

Companies are no longer only faced with a single bottom line that centers on financial conditions, but companies must adjust to the triple bottom line concept. One form of environmental responsibility for corporate management for stakeholders and shareholders is by disclosing greenhouse gas emissions. Company value is also a very important factor because it can describe the business processes in a company. A high company value will provide a strong interest for investors to buy shares. An increase in stock prices will also increase the value of a company. This study aims to test and obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of greenhouse gas disclosure, profitability and leverage on firm value. The population of this research is mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2014-2018 period. The sample selection in the study using purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the variable of greenhouse gas disclosure and profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value. The leverage variable does not have a significant effect on firm value, this is because the amount of debt held by the company is not a major concern for investors because investors are more concerned with how management uses the debt effectively and efficiently for use in developing the company
La dimensión cultural de la música en el currículum escrito: nacionalismo y etnocentrismo en educación primaria
Authors: Marín-Liébana Pablo , Blasco Magraner José Salvador , Botella Nicolás Ana María
Published: June 2021

En el actual mundo global, donde los movimientos humanos y la permanente interconexión desdibujan el concepto tradicional de cultura vinculado a la nación, se hace necesario el desarrollo de políticas educativas multiculturales que ofrezcan la posibilidad de pensar críticamente la diversidad cultural. El currículum oficial constituye uno de los espacios desde donde abordar dicha transición, especialmente en lo relativo a la educación musical, la cual es frecuentemente utilizada para transmitir ideologías nacionalistas y de legitimación del orden político dominante. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el estudio del tratamiento cultural que recibe la música en el currículum de educación musical primaria en España. Para ello, se han analizado, mediante una metodología de análisis de contenido mixto, los desarrollos curriculares implementados en el contexto de la Comunidad Valenciana, como concreción de las tres reformas educativas que han tenido lugar durante los últimos 30 años. Los resultados indican que el enfoque culturalista de la música ocupa un plano secundario, siendo el formalista el predominante. Además, cuando es utilizado se emplea una orientación nacionalista y etnocéntrica de la música, enfatizando la genuinidad de la identidad local, articulada en torno a un nosotros, y reduciendo a las músicas no occidentales a la categoría de otras músicas. Frente a esto, se propone un enfoque que reconozca la diversidad cultural de las realidades próximas de los estudiantes a la vez que amplíe sus conocimientos desde un punto de vista crítico que trate de forma igualitaria a las diferentes manifestaciones musicales presentes en el mundo.
Klaus, diálogo entre arquitectura y cómic. Una herramienta creativa como método docente
Authors: Maestro Grau Carolina , Torres Barchino Ana
Published: June 2021

El lenguaje del cómic está cada vez más presente en la arquitectura, como podemos apreciar en las viñetas ilustrativas o diagramas presentes en proyectos de destacados arquitectos como Bjarke Ingels (BIG), MVRDV o Neutelings & Riedijk, entre otros. Al mismo tiempo, la arquitectura está representada en los cómics por dibujantes como Chris Ware o Richard McGuire. Así, las dos artes cuentan con su propia narrativa y se conciben de forma muy parecida. Koldo Lus Arana, bajo el seudónimo de Klaus, es otro arquitecto y docente universitario que, desde 2005, comparte su actividad profesional y académica con la de dibujante de cómic. A través de una entrevista inédita realizada por las autoras, se presenta su narrativa gráfica y caricaturesca, en la que se analizan las interacciones entre cómic, ficción y arquitectura; sin olvidar a los autores de referencia que han utilizado la viñeta como un medio gráfico para interpretar temas arquitectónicos desde la crítica y desde la filosofía creativa.
_20 dancers for the XX century_. El Museo Reina Sofía, ¿un museo danzante?
Authors: Molina Olmos Blanca
Published: June 2021

El cubo blanco es un espacio que inicialmente no está concebido para la danza, sin embargo, desde los años 90 se produce un giro coreográfico a partir del cual ciertas prácticas que podemos definir como dance exhibitions cobran protagonismo en museos por todo el mundo. Este artículo aborda las problemáticas y posibilidades que este giro plantea, y cómo estas se hacen efectivas en un caso de estudio concreto: 20 dancers for the XX century del coreógrafo Boris Charmatz, en su versión realizada en 2016 dentro del Programa de Actividades Públicas del Museo Reina Sofía. Además, el análisis de esta actividad permitirá un acercamiento a los procesos de musealización de la danza en España, que presentan ciertas particularidades y se encuentran escasamente documentados.
Compartiendo la práctica profesional. Diseño del protocolo de detección y abordaje de las situaciones de maltrato infantil en un centro de Atención Temprana.
Authors: Arranz-Montull Marta , Gonzálvez-Rojo María Belén , Rosal-Negre Thaïs
Published: June 2021

Las situaciones de maltrato infantil son diversas y, en ocasiones, están envueltas de una gran complejidad. Por este motivo, es necesario abordar las situaciones de riesgo desde una dimensión integral, entendiendo que la infancia puede tener afectadas las condiciones psicológicas y emocionales, las físicas y sociales para su adecuado desarrollo. Este artículo pretende abordar las claves de la prevención e intervención desde un Centro de Desarrollo Infantil y Atención Precoz (CDIAP) en relación con el maltrato infantil dentro del entorno familiar. Así mismo, el artículo desarrolla una experiencia real llevada a cabo mediante el análisis de los grupos de discusión creados por los profesionales de los equipos de CDIAP ubicados en los distritos diferentes de la ciudad de Barcelona. El objetivo principal fue identificar la conceptualización que tienen los profesionales respecto al maltrato infantil, aunar criterios comunes para diseñar un protocolo de detección y abordaje de maltrato infantil consensuado por las diferentes disciplinas. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones de los resultados obtenidos referentes a la intervención profesional, a la detección y al abordaje del maltrato infantil en los CDIAP Edai.
Placed Appearances: Narrative, the Space of Appearance, Place
Authors: Shahbazin Ali Reza
Published: June 2021

The space of appearance is defined by the German political thinker Hannah Arendt as a public space, originating in the Athenian polis, where the “I” and the “Other” meet for the possibility of acting politically. This space, in the subjective formulation of some later scholars, is more about citizens “no matter where they happen to be,” and less about “the city-state in its physical location,” architecture, or urban design. The space of appearance thus conceived is independent of place as the subjective creation of citizens, over against the objectivity of the city. In this study, I argue to the contrary that the space of appearance as a story-telling site achieves place-bound identity through narrativity. My study expands the definition of the space of appearance based on a phenomenological understanding of place as a way that humans feel at home through narrative. I argue that the physical location of the space of appearance is in fact fundamental to its meaning, since place as the setting is part of the narrative.
Potenciais interações medicamentosas graves no ambiente hospitalar: Validação de mensagens de alerta para uso em software de prescrição eletrônica
Authors: FERREIRA Vitor C. , FERREIRA Gustavo C. , SOARES Lorena A. , BALDONI André O.
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal a validação de mensagens de alertas, para os prescritores, sobre possíveis interações medicamentosas graves. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo documental, sendo utilizado a lista de medicamento de um hospital. A primeira etapa foi identificação e análise de potenciais interações medicamentosas graves por meio da base de dados do site Drugs.com entre os medicamentos desta lista. As interações identificadas foram categorizadas em Medicamentos; Mecanismo; Recomendações e Ação. A segunda etapa foi a validação das interações selecionadas. A validação foi realizada por meio da Técnica de Delphi, em que foram enviado o banco de interações com um questionário de avaliação de conteúdo e utilidade clínica para especialistas profissionais brasileiros com expertise na área. Ao final procurou obter no mínimo um Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo (CVCc) de pelo menos 0,8 de concordância entre os juízes. Resultados: Após a análise foram selecionados 330 possíveis interações medicamentosas graves, as quais foram validadas. Em relação a avaliação do conteúdo dos alertas das interações todos os quesitos apresentaram CVCc igual ou superior a 0,8 durante o estudo. Ao todo 37 juízes responderam e participaram do proceso de validação, que sugeriram adequação da linguagem, acréscimo de interações, padronização de mensagens. Além disso, o júri foi composto de um grupo de heterogêneos, com diversas áreas de formação, sendo a maior proporção compostas por mestres (43,24%) e doutores (18,91%). Conclusão: Considerando a elevada prevalência de possíveis interações medicamentosas graves, tanto no âmbito hospitalar como no ambulatorial, o banco de foi validado com um CVCc de pelo menos 0,8 de concordância entre os juízes. Podendo ser implantado em um software de prescrição eletrônico auxiliando na diminuição da prevalência dessas potenciais interações medicamentosas graves e contribuindo para a segurança do paciente.
Translation Shift in The English-Indonesian Translation Sherif Hetata’s “Woman at Point Zero” Novel
Authors: Istiqomah Lilik , Seyowati Andri , Maghfiroh Annisah , Pratiwi Delik Dita , Anggraeni Lulu
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe the translation shift in the novel Woman at Point Zero by Sherif Hetata into Perempuan di Titik Nol translated by Amir Sutarga. Data were collected from those book both in English and Indonesian translation which contained four types of translation shift based on Newmark’s theory by applying descriptive-qualitative study. The result of the research shows that the translation shift found in novel Woman at Point Zero consist of four types which are:  the first type of shift with 37 data (30%), the second types of shift with 21 data (17%), the third type of shift with 46 data (38%), and the fourth type of shift with 18 data (15%).