bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Hormonal Profile in Women with Benign Breast Diseases and Women without Breast Pathology at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Tulika , Ansari Nisar Ahmad , Kumar Manish , Lal Nirupma , Khanduri Sachin
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Disruptions in normal hormonal pathways contribute to the development of various benign breast conditions. Having a general understanding of specific hormonal interactions, such as estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin, among breast tissue, the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the gonads, can enhance understanding of the causes and manifestations of benign breast conditions such as fibroadenoma, fibroadenosis, breast cyst, abscess, mastitis, galactocele, and phyllodestumour. However, there is limited available information regarding the hormonal environment associated with Benign Breast Disease (BBD). Aim: To compare serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin between women with BBD and those without breast pathology. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Era Lucknow Medical College and Hospital (ELMC and H), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2021 to January 2023. A total of 80 female subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups: Group A (40 subjects diagnosed with BBD by triple assessment) and Group B (40 subjects with no breast pathology). Serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin were tested during the follicular phase and compared between the two groups. Student t-test and Spearman’s correlation with a 95% confidence interval were used for mean comparison between the groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity for the hormones. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age showed no statistical differences between Group A (26.5 years) and Group B (28.8 years). The mean levels of estradiol and progesterone hormones were significantly higher in Group A (188.38±96.06 pg/mL; 4.34±5.05 ng/mL) than in Group B (103.21±39.52 pg/mL; 0.38±0.30 ng/mL) with a p-value of 0.001. The sensitivity of estradiol was found to be 80% with a specificity of 75% based on ROC analysis when the cut-off was set to <139.5. Furthermore, progesterone showed a sensitivity of 92.50% and specificity of 80% at a cut-off <0.8560. Prolactin showed a sensitivity of 52.50% and specificity of 62.50% at a cut-off <18.96. Conclusion: Authors concluded that steroidal harmones have a significant effect on the development of BBD. The present study had demonstrated that women with BBD exhibit higher levels of estradiol and progesterone compared to women without breast pathology.
A Cross-sectional Study of Third to Seventh Cervical Vertebral Bodies, Pedicles, and Its Relevance to Screw Size Used in Clinical Practice
Authors: Thakur Kishore Chandra , Jethani Sunder Lal
Published: October 2023

Introduction: To provide stability to the unstable cervical spine, the usage of transpedicular screws is very common due to their success in providing good results in terms of fixation, stability, and strength. The size of the transpedicular screw used must be in accordance with the morphology of the pedicle of the vertebra in a particular region or group of the population. This helps avoid pedicle wall damage along with nearby neurovascular structures. Aim: The aim of the present study was to measure the body and pedicle of cervical vertebrae (third to the seventh) and to understand their morphology in relation to the need for a uniform screw size. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to March 2023, using a total sample of 102 adult human dry cervical vertebrae collected from the bone bank of the Anatomy Department at the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU, Dehradun. Only cervical vertebrae from the third to the seventh were included. Digital vernier calipers were used to measure the parameters, including the Transverse Diameter (TD), Anteroposterior Diameter (APD), and Vertical Height (VH) of the vertebral body, as well as the Pedicle Width (PW), Pedicle Height (PH), and Pedicle Length (PL) of the pedicle. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft® Excel® 2019 MSO (Version 2209 Build 16.0.15629.20200) 64-bit software (Microsoft Office Home and Student 2019, Washington, USA). The parameters of the right and left sides of the pedicle (PW, PH, PL) were compared using the student’s t-test, and Pearson correlation test was used to find correlations among them. A p-value of 0.05 or lower was considered statistically significant. Results: For the vertebral body, the mean APD was 16.6 mm, VH was 11.6 mm, and TD was 25.6 mm. For the pedicle, the mean PW was 5.1 mm, PH was 6.5 mm, PL was 8 mm, and Axial Length (AXL) was 30.4 mm. No significant difference was found between the right and left sides of PW (p=0.7), PH (p=0.2), PL (p=0.7), and AXL (p=0.2). A weak correlation (0.31-0.40) was observed among the parameters of the vertebral body (APD, TD, VH), whereas a moderate to strong correlation (0.60-0.89) was noticed among the parameters of the cervical vertebrae pedicle (PW, PH, PL, and AXL). Conclusion: The size of the screw used for spinal fixation in one region of the Indian population may not always be compatible with other regions. This morphological study of the cervical vertebral body and pedicle suggests its clinical relevance in the use of a cervical transpedicular screw with a diameter of less than 4 mm and a length of less than 30 mm. Additionally, using a screw along the sagittal plane of the vertebral body with a length of less than 16 mm may reduce bone breach and prevent neurovascular damage.
Gingival Giant Cell Fibroma in Threeyear-old Patient: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Pandiar Deepak , Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath , Nair Suvarna K
Published: October 2023

Gingival diseases are commonly observed in children and young adults. However, Giant Cell Fibroma (GCF) is a rare occurrence in children, accounting for only 2.2-7.3% of oral fibrous tumour cases. Clinically, these lesions often resemble squamous papillomas, and a definitive diagnosis can only be confirmed through histopathological {Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)} examination. Hereby, the authors present a rare case of gingival GCF in a three-year-old boy who presented with a pebbly growth on the mandibular gingiva. Initially, the lesion was clinically diagnosed as a papilloma and subsequently excised. The final diagnosis of GCF was established through histological examination. It is crucial for paediatric dentists to consider GCF as a differential diagnosis for lesions, particularly those with a papillary surface. Additionally, submitting all excised specimens for histopathological examination is recommended.
Fluoride Levels in Borehole Water: The Case of Chiradzulu District in Malawi
Authors: Wesley Yohane A. , Njewa Joel B. , Makawa Kelvin , Maurice Stanley , Moteni Esinta , Majamanda James , Chirambo Lloyd , Chimphepo Lifa
Published: October 2023

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the levels of fluoride in borehole water samples.

Study Design: The total of eight samples were collected from five villages in Chiradzulu and transported in cooler ice-bath to the laboratory for the analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Laboratories, at University of Malawi in the month of June.

Methodology: The ion selective electrode technique was used to assess fluoride levels. Physicochemical water parameters were measured with multi-meters. 

Results: The results obtained ranged from 2.26 to 3.08 mg/L, 136 to 561 mg/L, 261-1212 μs/cm  and 6.27 to 6.97, for Fluorides, TDS, conductivity and pH, respectively. Levels of fluorides exceeded permissible limits for borehole water established by WHO and were below the standards for MBS

Conclusion: The results attained in the scope of the study support coloration of teeth observed amongst individuals in study communities, helping to understand that groundwater is not suitable for consumption. Therefore, the study provides recommendation for urgent implementation of defluoridation measures to provide clean and safe water for the existing community members.
Production of Copper Nanoparticles by Aspergillus niger and Evaluation of their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hussain Syed Bilal , Aslam Maria , Aslam Asad , Noor Sadaf , Zubair Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Nanotechnology is a well advanced area and different types of nanoparticles are now produced. The most revolutionary topic of the twenty-first century is nanotechnology. Recently, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have gained a lot of attention. In this study a straightforward, safe, and economical method is used for synthesizing copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) by using cell free filtrate of Aspergillus niger. Fungi secretes enormous amount of enzymes which act as reducing as well stabilizing agents. Synthesized CuNPs were characterized by different techniques. Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometer showed a characteristic peak at 380nm, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis indicated that CuNPs have average size of 570nm with 0.480 PDI. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) revealed CuNPs are of cubic shape. As per FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis) two functional groups i.e., -O-H- and C=C- on the surface of CuNPs. Genetic analysis of Aspergillus niger revealed the presence of nitrate reductase enzyme that may involve in reduction of metal into NPs. Furthermore, CuNPs showed significant antibacterial action against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae with 17mm, 20mm, 17mm and 20mm respectively. CuNPs also showed antioxidant potential with 59.41µg/ml.

Fungi secretes valuable enzymes with inherent ability to reduce metal ions into NPs. This reduced the cost of NPs synthesis and also synthesized NPs exhibit greater biomedical applications.
Study on the Correlation of Insect Pest Infestation of Guinea Corn (Sorghum bicolor) Stored in Kasarawa and Kuffa Food Ware-Houses in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Lema S. Y. , Ibrahim J. , Suleiman J.
Published: October 2023

Farming of Guinea corn in Sokoto is face with a lot of Crop protection problems which prevent full scale production of this crop in the state and Nigeria at large.  A study was conducted to assess the correlation of insect pest infestation of Guinea corn stored in Kasarawa and Kuffa Food Ware-houses in Sokoto Metropolis Sokoto State-Nigeria. A total of Two Hundred and Fourty (240) grain samples were collected and examined for insect pest infestation using compound microscope and the result was analyzed using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of this study showed that 172/240 (71.67%) were positive for insect pest infestation. There were significance difference between the infestation and nature of the food ware-house (P<0.05). The result of infestation in relation to the location were the samples are collected from the food ware-houses shows that, top location 71/80 (88.75%) has the highest rate of the Infestation, followed by the middle location 53/80 (66.25%) and the least Infestation was recorded in the bottom location of the food ware-houses 30/80 (37.50%). There is also a significance difference between the infestation and locations where the samples are collected from the food ware-house (P<0.05). Of the two species identified, Tribolium confusum is found in all the three food ware-houses with the frequency of 0.7 and 0.6 respectively while Tribolium casteneum was found only in Kuffa/Old Kara food ware-house with the frequency of 0.2. This may be related to the nature of food ware-houses. Used of resistance varieties, Improve sanitation, proper maintenance and fumigation of the food ware-house in and out during storage and while receiving new produce will help to reduce the rate of insect pest infestation in the study area, Sokoto State and Nigeria at large.
Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality of Iril River, Manipur, India
Authors: Bidyabati Sanasam , Nath Satyendra
Published: October 2023

The present study can be concluded that the analysis of the physio chemical parameters of Iril River revealed that most of the values are within the permissible limit of water quality standards. Water quality is suitable as per Standards norm of BIS and CPCB based on the determined values of pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, Chloride, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity and Sulphate was monitored during the period of January 2023 to May 2023. The value of water pH recorded between 7.4- 8.34, EC ranged between 179.6 ms/cm-254 ms/cm, TDS ranged between 90.2 mg/l-126.8 mg/l, dissolved oxygen between 6.0-7.7 mg/l, BOD between 3.0 mg/l-3.9 mg/l, chloride between 28.9 mg/l-36.9 mg/l, total hardness between 112mg/l-170 mg/l, total alkalinity between 115 mg/l-174 mg/l and sulphate between 14.4 mg/l-39.3 mg/l. Hence, these rivers and hold to provide uninterrupted supply of drinking water to Iril River of Manipur without any major treatment.
Value Chain Analysis of Wheat in North Karnataka, India
Authors: Udhayan N.  , Naik A. D. , Hiremath G. M.
Published: October 2023

The world desperately needs a change in the global food system that will result in more nutritious food for everyone and a significant reduction in the environmental impact of agriculture. The present study was conducted in selected districts of North Karnataka during 2022-23. To study the value chain mapping, primary data have been collected through the survey method by adopting a multistage random sampling technique. The value chain highlighted the involvement of diverse actors who participated directly or indirectly in the value chain. Different actors identified in the study area were input suppliers, farmers, traders and commission agents, wholesalers, retailers, and ultimately consumers. Three channels were placed in the value chain system of raw wheat grain in the study area. The results revealed that the degree of value addition on raw wheat grains at the retailer level was highest (11.14% and 11.34%) in channels I and II, respectively. Because the quantity sold through retailers was less, there was also less risk regarding spoilage of produce. With respect to the four primary processing product value addition results, processing units were substantially contributing more value addition as compared to the other two intermediaries in the value chain. Processing units require huge capital investment and plenty of resources.
Effect of Organic Sources and Fertilizer Levels on Physiological Response of Garlic by Using Infrared Gas Analysis (IRGA) in Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kumawat Suresh , Yadav S. R. , Rathore R. S. , Sharma B. D. , Kumawat Sumitra
Published: October 2023

Crop growth and yields are negatively affected by sub-optimal water supply and abnormal temperatures due to physical damages, physiological disruptions, and biochemical changes. A better understanding of garlic responses to organic and inorganic sources conducted A two years field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, SKRAU, Bikaner during Rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment comprising total 32 treatment combinations; eight sources of organic materials (Control (M0), FYM @ 20 t ha-1 (M1), Groundnut husk (GNH) @ 20 t ha-1 (M2), Wool waste (WW) @ 20 t ha-1 (M3), FYM @ 10 tha-1 + GNH @ 10 t ha-1 (M4), WW @ 10 t ha-1 + GNH @ 10 t ha-1 (M5), WW @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (M6), WW @ 6.67 t ha-1 + FYM @ 6.67 t ha-1 + GNH @ 6.67 t ha-1 (M7) and four fertilizer levels (Control (F0), 50% RDF (F1), 75% RDF (F2) and 100% RDF (F3)  in split plot design with three replications. Result indicated that maximum improvement in photosynthetic rate was recorded under the wool waste applied @ 20 t ha-1 with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer.
Salt Stress Responses in Early Seedling Growth Characteristics of Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Genotypes
Authors: Vennila S. , Elangaimannan R. , Mathiazhagan P. , LubnaArshiya S.
Published: October 2023

In view of increasing salinity and intrusion of salt water into the cultivable land area under coastal saline region, germination and crop establishment is a major problem that influence on decrease in the production and productivity of blackgram. Hence, screening of 101 genotypes under different salt concentrations for growth characters paves way to identify the saline resistant genotypes. The upshot of saline stress on seedling growth characters of 101 genotypes which are collected from different eco geographical regions subjected to Half strength Hoagland and Arnon’s solution (T1), Half strength Hoagland Arnon’s solution +NaCl treatment @100mM, 150mM, 200mM and 250mM concentration @7th, 10th, 13th, 16th days (T2) respectively and Half strength Hoagland and Arnon’s solution (control) (T3) during January 2022. Highly significant variation exhibited among the various genotypes for different seedling growth characters viz., leaf area per plant, total number of leaves per plant, dry weight of leaves per plant, dry weight of shoot per plant, dry weight of roots per plant and dry weight of the whole plant. Salinity has the adverse effect on the growth characters. Among the genotypes studied, AUB-08-33(G81) and CBG-09-08(G18) showed maximum mean values under different NaCl concentrations (T2), recommended as donor parent for hybridization as well as candidate genotype in crop improvement for saline soil.
Causes and Strategies for Reducing Road Traffic Accidents in the Bongo District of Ghana
Authors: Agebure Andrews Baba , Amedorme Sherry Kwabla , Johnson Amoanab Norbert
Published: October 2023

Aim: This study intends to assess drivers’ state of knowledge on the main causes and the best strategies capable of reducing road traffic accidents in the Bongo District of Ghana.

Study Design: The study was a descriptive design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Bongo District of the Upper East Region of Ghana between  July 2023 and August 2023.

Methodology: The researcher conducted a survey involving 100 drivers who were randomly selected from a driver population of 120 in the Bongo District. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel [Version 19]. The results of the data analysis were presented as tables and    charts.

Results: The study found that the main causes of road traffic accidents emanate from human error such as low driving skills, excessive speeding, and poor vision of driver. Also, road conditions like bad road networks, no lane markings, and no speed limit signs were found as causal factors of road traffic accidents. Faulty vehicles with causative factors such as defective tyres, brakes, and lights were noted to be also responsible for road accidents. Nevertheless, the least factor was environmental conditions such as bad weather conditions and stray animals being enumerable as environmental conditions which cause road accidents. The study further found that the best strategies for curbing road traffic accidents were enforcement of traffic laws, education and training of drivers, obeying traffic rules by drivers, and maintaining vehicles well.

Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that human factors play a central role in contributing to road accidents and curbing road traffic accidents. The research findings can be used to guide stakeholders in formulating and prioritizing interventions that are more human-centred for the curbing of road traffic accidents in the Bongo District of Ghana.
Website User Behavior at the Semarang Health Data Repository - Udinus Campus (SEHARIKU)
Authors: Haikal  , Yuantari M. G. Catur , Rachmani Enny , Ariyanto Amelia Devi Putri , Prasetya Jaka , Isworo Slamet
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Efforts to use data to aid decision-making have not yet realized their full potential. The Faculty of Health, Dian Nuswantoro University (Udinus), has launched Semarang Health Data Repository - Udinus Campus (SEHARIKU) as a health data storage website in Semarang City. However, the public's use of SEHARIKU remains restricted, probably due to a variety of causes such as a lack of awareness of the presence of this site, a lack of information available on it, or features that are not optimal. The purpose of this study is to investigate user behavior on data storage websites.

Methods: This research uses a user study approach with a descriptive research design using an online survey of SEhariku website users. The survey contains a series of questions regarding user behavior when using the SEHARIKU site, for 83 users on the SEHARIKU website.

Results: The research results show that the majority of users have a low frequency of use, of which 51.8% of them 'rarely' access the SEHARIKU website, but the majority of respondents consider the search feature easy to use. Satisfaction with the graphic visualization features in SEhariku is high, with 92.3% of respondents stating they were satisfied or very satisfied. The majority of users also found the platform convenient for finding the data they needed, with 80.7% finding their searches easy. To increase the use and benefits of SEHARIKU, and overcome the low frequency of use, it is necessary to improve existing features such as the search feature, and intensify promotional efforts along with increasing awareness about the benefits of the website.

Suggestion: Motivating users to actively provide input and recommendations for future development of SEHARIKU is very important.
Os Impactos da Propriedade Intelectual no Caso Sofosbuvir e as Estratégias para a Incorporação de Novas Tecnologias Medicamentosas pelo SUS
Authors: Pereira Mônica Junges , Souza Alecsandra Oliveira de
Published: October 2023

Cabe ao Estado assegurar o acesso a tecnologias medicamentosas garantindo que esses produtos sejam utilizados de maneira racional e cientificamente correta. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar ações estratégicas do governo para manter em equilíbrio, simultaneamente, três grandes forças: saúde pública, propriedade intelectual e comércio, com a finalidade de garantir o acesso a novas tecnologias medicamentosas a um custo sustentável. Dessa forma, buscou-se mapear o impacto da exploração abusiva do sistema de patentes, utilizando o medicamento Sofosbuvir como exemplo, e a reação do governo e outras organizações para proteger os interesses da saúde pública no país. Analisando os resultados obtidos, foi constatado que por meio do uso estratégico de ferramentas administrativas, o governo tem tido êxito em suas condutas, superando embates judiciais e mantendo íntegros os princípios do SUS em seus três pilares: universalidade, integralidade e equidade.
Inovações Tecnológicas Aplicadas ao Estudo de Insetos Vetores: uma prospecção tecnológica sobre diferentes armadilhas para flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Oliveira Mônica Rodrigues , Soares Maria Regiane Araujo
Published: October 2023

Os flebotomíneos reúnem insetos vetores das leishmanioses, portanto, o aprimoramento dos métodos de coleta é essencial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle. Este estudo objetivou explorar os métodos de captura de flebotomíneos depositados em bancos de patentes nacionais e internacionais e contribuir para a avaliação desses métodos. Foram consultados três bancos de dados e aplicados 11 descritores, obtendo-se 19 patentes, associadas ou não a atrativos físicos e químicos. Brasil e Estados Unidos detêm a maioria dos registros, e verificou-se que grande parte das patentes foi depositada por pessoa física e está relacionada a métodos de coleta passiva. O número de depósitos aumentou após 2010, e os registros feitos por universidades são menores que aqueles depositados por pessoas físicas. Os resultados mostram que a prospecção tecnológica é uma ferramenta poderosa para o estudo desses insetos e pode favorecer a alocação de recursos para pesquisas nesse campo do conhecimento.
Análise de Tendências Tecnológicas da Manufatura 4.0 de Próteses Cardíacas
Authors: Silva Ian Gomes Ribeiro da , Fermam Ricardo Kropf Santos , Fermam Marcelo Kropf Santos
Published: October 2023

As doenças valvares atingem desde recém-nascidos até idosos, afetando o funcionamento das valvas cardíacas e tornando necessário, em muitos casos, o uso de próteses, causando impactos relevantes nas vidas dos pacientes e nos sistemas de saúde. Contudo, com a quarta revolução industrial, um potencial de inovação surge no segmento das próteses cardíacas. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar, por meio de uma prospecção tecnológica de patentes, as principais tendências da Indústria 4.0 que estão sendo empregadas na produção de próteses cardíacas. Como resultado, foi possível verificar a tendência de investimentos, os principais países envolvidos, a condição legal das patentes, os principais atores, os depositantes mais citados e o domínio tecnológico. Dessa forma, foram traçados cinco cenários de evolução: próteses com base em materiais avançados, próteses com sensores, próteses feitas por meio da manufatura aditiva e uso da robótica e da modelagem 3D na produção ou nos processos cirúrgicos.
Vibration Suppression and Adaptive Fault‐Tolerant Control for Three‐Dimensional Flexible Rotating Manipulator With Input Signal Constraints
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Zhang Qingzhen , Liu Jinkun , Chen Xing , Xue Cenbo
Published: January 2025

Based on a three‐dimensional flexible, rotating manipulator, this paper is dedicated to the issue of vibration suppression and angle planning subject to actuator failures and input signal constraints. Considering that a flexible link belongs to a distributed parameter system, the motion model is obtained by Hamilton's principle and described by partial differential equations (PDEs). A novel fault‐tolerant control law is proposed to eliminate the elastic deflection and vibration of the flexible link and to follow the desired angle of the rotating base and the manipulator with the appearance of actuator failures. The adaptive operator based on projection mapping is adopted to estimate the loss of the actuator. In addition, the hyperbolic tangent function is employed to constrain the input signal so that it is within an adjustable interval. The Lyapunov's method and LaSalle invariance principle are applied to prove the stability and convergence of the closed‐loop system. The simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dissipative Synchronization Control for Two‐Time‐Scale Markov Jump Neural Networks Subject to Redundant Channels: A Hidden‐Markov‐Model‐Based Method
Authors: Wang Yongqian , Ni Zhenghao , Wang Kang , Li Feng , Shen Hao
Published: January 2025

This work studies the synchronization issue for two‐time‐scale Markov jump neural networks subject to redundant channels. In such systems, mode information may not be directly available (e.g., packet loss), and traditional synchronous control methods cannot meet this challenge. The hidden Markov model can deal with the situation that the systems state cannot be accessed directly, and estimate the current state of the system through the “observation” mode, so as to improve the controller design and advance the stability and robustness of the systems. Therefore, the controller is designed based on a hidden Markov model for the above scenarios. Meanwhile, the redundant channels are built to reduce the influence of packet loss. Moreover, the two‐time‐scale phenomenon of the plant is considered by using the singular perturbation parameter. Then, the Lyapunov function construction is associated with the singular perturbation parameter and some sufficient conditions to guarantee the stability of the plant are obtained. Finally, the designed control law is available which is demonstrated by two illustrative examples.
Distributed Filtering for State‐Saturated Systems With Switching Nonlinearities via Rayleigh Fading Channels: An Adaptive Event‐Triggered Case
Authors: Zhang Qingbo , Hu Jun , Liu Desheng , Zhu Mingqing , Yu Hui
Published: January 2025

The distributed filtering (DF) problem is investigated for state‐saturated systems (SSSs) with switching nonlinearities under the adaptive event‐triggered mechanism (AETM) and Rayleigh fading channels over sensor networks, where the data is transmitted between nodes through the Rayleigh fading channel. In addition, the AETM is introduced to save communication resources and improve data transmission efficiency. First, a distributed filter is designed incorporating the information of state saturation, switching nonlinearity, Rayleigh fading channel and AETM. Second, the upper bound (UB) on the filtering error covariance (FEC) is derived by the mathematical induction method, and the filter gain is obtained by minimizing the trace of the UB. Subsequently, the boundedness of UB on the FEC is shown through mathematical analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the filtering scheme designed in this article is demonstrated through a numerical simulation example and a practical example, in which the influence of different Rayleigh parameters to the filtering performance and the superiority of using the AETM are discussed.
Low‐Velocity Impact Behavior of 3D‐Printed Sandwich Panels with Integrated Composite Face Sheets
Authors: Karami Sajad , Haghighi‐Yazdi Mojtaba , Safarabadi Majid
Published: January 2025

Composite panels are made of a core and skins that are typically bonded with adhesive. Traditional adhesive bonding is time‐consuming and requires precision, often leading to debonding under varied loading conditions. Additionally, thermal expansion differences between the core, skin, and adhesive cause residual stresses, compromising performance. This research develops a cost‐effective method for creating integrated sandwich panels, addressing the effectiveness of such unification under low‐velocity impact loading. Using a standard dual‐nozzle fused deposition modeling 3D printer with minimal modifications, continuous fibers embedded in a thermoplastic polymer for the skin and a thermoplastic polymer for the core are simultaneously deposited, ensuring material consistency between the core and matrix of the skins, leading to an integrated panel. Integrated samples are compared to pure (fiberless) and adhesive‐bonded samples under an 18 J low‐velocity impact test. The integrated samples show significant improvements, with maximum impactor acceleration (279.7 m s−2) and force per unit mass (83 283 N kg−1), surpassing adhesive‐bonded and pure samples by 35 and 110%, respectively. Additionally, integrated samples show significantly less damage, with dent diameters (9.77 mm) and dent depths (1.52 mm) considerably lower. These findings highlight the benefits of this approach in enhancing impact resistance, reducing damage, and improving energy absorption in composite sandwich structures.
Effect of Nonisothermal Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–Mg Alloy
Authors: Wu Yaru , Yang Hongfu , Lu Shumeng , Zheng Shanju , Yuan Xiaohong , Peng Yawei , Li Mengnie
Published: January 2025

The impact of nonisothermal annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of continuously cast and rolled Al–Mg alloys is investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy after nonisothermal annealing at 360, 380, and 400 °C are compared with those of isothermally annealed samples at the same temperatures. The analysis encompasses the quantity and size of precipitates, dislocation density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the annealed alloy. The results show that the nonisothermal annealing involved in the experiments enhances the resistance of the alloys to annealing softening, and the nonisothermal annealed alloys are significantly stronger compared to the isothermally annealed alloys. Peak tensile strength (317.88 ± 1.19 MPa) and peak hardness (81.3 HV) are observed at 380 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identifies the primary precipitates as β‐Al3Mg2, Mg5Si6, and Al6 (Fe Mn). Quantitative analysis reveals that nonisothermal annealing promotes the formation of more finely dispersed precipitates. The alloy's enhanced strength can be attributed to the combined effects of dispersion strengthening, grain refinement, and dislocation strengthening. This study holds significant implications for improving the annealing process of Al–Mg alloys.
From Fiber to Power: Recent Advances Toward Electrospun‐Based Nanogenerators
Authors: Li Xiuhong , Li Jiangzhou , Li Kai , Zhang Shuailong , Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Chupeng , Zhang Jinjiao , Li Yi , Zhang Daode , Liu Yong , Hu Xinyu
Published: January 2025

Electrospun micro/nanofibers have gained popularity recently for nanogenerators owing to their advantages of portability, compatibility, breathability, mechanical flexibility, and function integrability, etc. These merits offer nanogenerators unprecedented micro/nanostructure adjustment and versatility. With the rapid advancements of the Internet of Things (IoT) and micro/nano technology, the developments of electrospun‐based nanogenerators with extra‐high performance, low cost, and widely applicable are significant for satisfying the urgent demand for efficient energy sources. To accelerate the process, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of their advantages, preparation processes, classifications, and enhancement strategies concerning electrospun‐based nanogenerators through systematically reviewing the current related literature. Initially, the advantages of electrospinning for preparing electrospun‐based nanogenerators are briefly concluded. Then, the preparation processes, classifications, and unique characteristics of various types of electrospun‐based nanogenerators are elaborated. Furthermore, the strategies to enhance the performance and versatility of electrospun‐based nanogenerators are discussed, focusing on materials construction, structure design, and functionalization assisted with pre/post‐treatment. Finally, the challenges and the coping strategies of electrospun‐based nanogenerators are addressed, providing future research interests for the next generation of electrospun‐based nanogenerators.
Honeysuckle‐Derived Carbon Dots With Robust Catalytic and Pharmacological Activities for Mitigating Lung Inflammation by Inhibition of Caspase11/GSDMD‐Dependent Pyroptosis
Authors: Deng Zhichao , Zhang Yujie , Li Runqing , Zhu Yuanyuan , Xu Chenxi , Gao Bowen , Wang Wenlong , Ding Chenguang , He Bin , Zhu Xingzhuo , Yang Mei , Liang Ting , Zhang Mingzhen
Published: January 2025

The catalytic activity of carbon dots (CDs) has generated significant interest regarding their potential applications within the biomedical field. However, the structure‐activity relationship of CDs and their pharmacological mechanisms in disease treatment have yet to be comprehensively elucidated. In this study, two distinct types of CDs exhibiting superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like enzymatic activities are synthesized through hydrothermal (Hy‐CDs) and carbonization (Ca‐CDs) methods, utilizing Honeysuckle as the common carbon material precursor. Through comparative analysis, surface group modifications, and theoretical calculations, it is determined that the SOD‐like enzymatic activity of CDs primarily originated from the stabilizing influence of the amino group on the superoxide (•O2−) intermediate and its conjugation to the π‐system, facilitating electron transfer. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Hy‐CDs effectively alleviated cellular oxidative stress and inhibited the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the significant bioactivity and catalytic properties of Hy‐CDs contribute to their pronounced therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI). Guided by transcriptomic analysis and Western blotting, it is demonstrated that Hy‐CDs effectively inhibit Caspase11/GSDMD‐dependent non‐classical pyroptosis by down‐regulating GBP2 protein expression, thereby contributing to lung inflammation. This study elucidates the structure‐activity relationship and underlying biological mechanisms of Hy‐CDs in therapeutic applications.
High‐Valence Selenium Nanotherapeutics Downregulates MUC16 to Drive Precise Ovarian Cancer Therapy through Redox Perturbation
Authors: Hu Xiaoli , Yuan Zhongwen , Huang Guanning , Chen Mingkai , Chen Tianfeng , He Lizhen
Published: January 2025

Abnormal expression of transmembrane mucin 16 (MUC16) in ovarian cancer (OC) can promote progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transformation, enhance tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Therefore, herein a targeted therapeutic high‐valence selenium (Se) nanomedicine (MUC16‐SeMnf@Res) is designed, which can target MUC16 to recognize OC and simultaneously inhibit MUC16 expression to achieve efficient treatment of OC. The valence bidirectional editing strategy is used to design and synthesize a high‐valence Se nanosystem (SeMnf) through triggering a redox reaction between triclinic Se and manganese dioxide nanoflower (Mnf), and inducing the valence conversion to Se4+ and Mn2+. The high‐valence Se4+ and increased Mn2+ ratio within SeMnf disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis by inducing glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Moreover, the effects of ROS overproduction are further amplified by loaded resveratrol (Res), which significantly induces mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited MUC16 expression, then promoting caspase‐activated cell apoptosis as well as migration inhibitory. Taken together, this study not only sheds light on the important role of MUC16 in designing OC‐targeting drugs, but also provides a simple and translational strategy by developing Se nanotherapeutics with strong redox‐homeostasis disrupting capability to realize MUC16‐targeting therapy.
Polythiophenes for High‐Performance N‐type Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Zhang Chan , Zheng Yuting , Li Yanru , Xue Zhongyuan , Zhu Xiuyuan , Chen Jiawei , Ma Jianeng , Zhang Zhi , Zhong Hongliang , Yue Wan , Lei Ting , Fei Zhuping
Published: January 2025

N‐type organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) materials play a critical role in building low‐power complementary circuits and advanced biosensors. However, current n‐type OECT materials are usually based on complicated fused aromatics and cannot simultaneously achieve high performance and good stability. Despite a few design strategies for n‐type polythiophene‐based organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) materials, they cannot be directly applied to OECT materials which work in highly doped states. Here, it is reported that polythiophenes, which always show p‐type OECT behaviors, can be designed and converted to high‐performance n‐type OECT materials by a synergy of introducing electron‐withdrawing (EW) groups, controlling polaron delocalization, and tuning molecular packing. Two isomeric n‐type polythiophene derivatives, o‐CNgTVT‐2FT and i‐CNgTVT‐2FT are designed, which show interesting and distinct OECT properties. o‐CNgTVT‐2FT exhibits excellent n‐type OECT performance with a remarkable figure of merit (µC*) of 100.0 F cm−1 V−1 s−1 while keeping an outstanding current retention of 93.6% after 1000 switching cycles in the air. The high performance can be largely attributed to its more delocalized and stabilized negative charges, efficient 3D charge transport channels, and favorable film morphology. The work highlights that without complex fused aromatic rings, carefully designed polythiophene polymers can also be used for high‐performance and stable n‐type OECTs.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Cu/CeO2 Interface Modulation for CO2 Electroreduction Into C2+/CH4
Authors: Xiong Lei , Fu Xianbiao , Zhang Jun , Liu Shuang , Li Shanshan , Lu Shaojie , Wang Dong , Yue Qin
Published: January 2025

Cu shows unique characteristics for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to hydrocarbons and oxygenates due to the moderate adsorption energy of the key intermediate *CO. However, it remains a challenge to selectively control CO2RR towards C1 (e.g., CH4) or C2+ (e.g., C2H4 and C2H5OH) through simple interface engineering. Herein, a series of inverse catalysts, composed of CeO2 nanoparticles over Cu substrate (Cu‐CeO2‐x), are subtly designed to tackle the issues. It is verified CeO2 decoration induces highly active Cu/CeO2 interfacial sites that enhance the adsorption and conversion of CO2 and *CO intermediates into C2+ or CH4, while the Cu sites are conducive to *CO generation. With the increase of CeO2 deposition, the C2+ and CH4 selectivity present a volcano‐type and increasing tendency with maximum faradic efficiency of 62.6% and 51.3%, respectively. In‐situ infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that moderate CeO2 loading allows the Cu/CeO2 interfacial sites to cooperate efficiently with the Cu sites to promote the coupling of *CO/*CHO intermediates, thus enhancing the C2+ selectivity. In contrast, excessive CeO2 loading suppresses the C─C coupling but boosts unilaterally the hydrogenation, thus promoting the CH4 production. This work provides effective strategies to regulate the CO2RR selectivity by modulating metal/oxide interfaces.
Moisture Tolerance, Thermally Stable and Light Switchable Adhesives Platform Based on Reversible Redshifted [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition
Authors: Oh Xin Yi , Thi Quyen Vu , Yu Michelle Mei Ling , Izadyar Mohammad , Abedi Syed Ali Abbas , Liu Xiaogang , Truong Vinh X.
Published: January 2025

Adhesives are essential in the manufacturing of modern technological devices for various application fields, ranging from transportation to communications, to aerospace and energy generation and storage. Their adhesion strength and stability are critical for the device's development and performance; however, they pose significant challenges to disassembly and recycling. These challenges can be overcome by introducing user‐defined debondable or reversible technologies into structural adhesives. Herein, a new adhesive formulation is reported that can be bonded and detached by blue light (λ = 410–450 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) light (λ = 340–355 nm), respectively. The adhesive platform is prepared by incorporating acrylamidyl pyrene moieties into polyethylenimine, enabling reversible photocrosslinking by redshifted [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. The photophysical properties and switching mechanisms between the monomeric and dimeric forms of the acrylamidyl pyrene are thoroughly investigated by spectroscopic measurements and complemented by comprehensive quantum chemical calculations. Under selective irradiation of low‐energy blue and UV light, the reversible photocycloaddition [2 + 2] facilitates dynamic bonding and debonding of the crosslinked networks, enabling reversible adhesion between a range of solid substrates. Critically, the adhesives are stable at elevated temperatures above 70 °C and in aqueous environments, thereby providing a new strategy for the development of next‐generation debonding on‐demand adhesives.
Print‐and‐Roll Hierarchically Structured Piezoelectric Scaffolds for Exercise‐Driven Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Lin Zeng , Nan Liping , Lu Hongwei , Wang Zhenwu , Jia Chao , Zhang Zhenrui , Lin Ko‐Chih , Cai Ling , Zhang Jun Yi Joey , Lee Junmin , Kang Heemin , Luo Peng , Zhang Yu Shrike , Wu Xing
Published: January 2025

Electrical stimulation (ES) therapy accelerates cartilage healing but faces challenges due to bulky equipment, necessitating the development of a lightweight, implantable, and biocompatible electrical stimulator for improved patient compliance and benefits. Piezoelectric materials have garnered considerable attention for their potential as self‐driven bioelectric therapies to treat osteoarthritis (OA) by providing in situ ES. Accordingly, an ES therapy for exercise‐driven cartilage regeneration based on hierarchically structured piezoelectric scaffolds is proposed. Piezoelectric scaffolds composed of polyvinylidene fluoride/zinc oxide/polycaprolactone (PZP) are fabricated using combined 3D printing and rolling techniques, showing potential to promote cartilage regeneration as a treatment for OA. The developed PZP scaffolds possess favorable electrical signal‐generation capability, good biocompatibility, and strong degradation resistance. Moreover, the PZP scaffolds can promote chondrocyte proliferation, and inhibit inflammation and degradation of the matrix in vitro. Besides, rats with osteochondral defects receiving PZP scaffolds exhibited significant morphological and functional cartilage restoration at 1–2 months after implantation. This study underscores the potential of an efficient and user‐friendly piezoelectric scaffold system to generate electrical signals that promote cartilage regeneration.
Buffer‐Less Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Heterostructures on Silicon
Authors: Ghosh Saptarsi , Frentrup Martin , Hinz Alexander M. , Pomeroy James W. , Field Daniel , Wallis David J. , Kuball Martin , Oliver Rachel A.
Published: January 2025

Thick metamorphic buffers are considered indispensable for III‐V semiconductor heteroepitaxy on large lattice and thermal‐expansion mismatched silicon substrates. However, III‐nitride buffers in conventional GaN‐on‐Si high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) impose a substantial thermal resistance, deteriorating device efficiency and lifetime by throttling heat extraction. To circumvent this, a systematic methodology for the direct growth of GaN after the AlN nucleation layer on six‐inch silicon substrates is demonstrated using metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Crucial growth‐stress modulation to prevent epilayer cracking is achieved even without buffers, and threading dislocation densities comparable to those in buffered structures are realized. The buffer‐less design yields a GaN‐to‐substrate thermal resistance of (11 ± 4) m2 K GW−1, an order of magnitude reduction over conventional GaN‐on‐Si and one of the lowest on any non‐native substrate. As‐grown AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunctions on this template show a high‐quality 2D electron gas (2DEG) whose room‐temperature Hall‐effect mobility exceeds 2000 cm2 V−1 s−1, rivaling the best‐reported values. As further validation, the low‐temperature magnetoresistance of this 2DEG shows clear Shubnikov‐de‐Haas oscillations, a quantum lifetime > 0.180 ps, and tell‐tale signatures of spin‐splitting. These results could establish a new platform for III‐nitrides, potentially enhancing the energy efficiency of power transistors and enabling fundamental investigations into electron dynamics in quasi‐2D wide‐bandgap systems.
Directional Freeze‐Casting Cryogel Loaded with Quaternized Chitosan Modified Gallium Metal–Organic Frameworks to Capture and Eradicate the Resistant Bacteria for Guided Regeneration in Infected Bone Defects
Authors: Liu Yihao , Yuan Kai , Lin Yixuan , Yang Yiqi , Kong Weiqing , Shan Jing , Niu Haoyi , Kong Weize , Li Fupeng , Yue Xiaokun , Du Yun , Liang Yakun , Chang Haishuang , Yu Zhifeng , Wang Jinwu , Yang Guangzheng , Cao Lingyan , Huang Kai , Yang Shengbing , Tang Tingting
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistance and impaired bone regeneration are the great challenges in treating infected bone defects. Its recurrent and resistant nature, high incidence rate, long‐term hospitalization, and high medical costs have driven the efforts of the scientific community to develop new therapies to improve the situation. Considering the complex microenvironment and persistent mechanisms mediated by resistant bacteria, it is crucial to develop an implant with enhanced osseointegration and sustained and effective infection clearance effects. Here, a positively charged quaternized chitosan (QCS) coated gallium‐based metal–organic framework (GaMOF) is designed, to capture the antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) as a “captor”, and rejuvenate Methicillin (Me) via disturbing the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Then, a radially oriented porous cryogel loaded with the Me and QCSGaMOF is fabricated by the directional freeze‐casting method. The oriented porous structure has an enhanced osseointegration effect by guiding the ingrowth of osteogenic cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments prove the advantages of as‐prepared Me/QCSGa‐MOF@Cryogel in combating resistant bacteria and guiding bone regeneration in infected bone defects.