bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Fluvastatin sodium in bulk and tablet dosage form
Authors: Gunasekar Manoharan  , Bhargava Gottam
Published: October 2021

A simple and gradient RP- HPLC method has been validated and developed for Fluvastatin Sodium in bulk and tablet dosage form. The proposed method was validated to obtain official requirements including stability, accuracy, precision, linearity and selectivity. The method was developed on Hypersil ODS C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5micron) using the mobile phase consists of methanol: 20mM Phosphate buffer (pH 3.2 adjusted with Phosphoric acid): acetonitrile (55: 30: 15 v/v) was delivered at a flow rate of. The flow rate was set as 1.1 ml/minute and the maximum absorption were observed at 234 nm. The Fluvastatin Sodium drug showed a precise and good linearity at the concentration ranges of 3-15 µg/ml. The RP-HPLC, assay showed the highest purity ranging 99.88 % to 100.09 % for Fluvastatin Sodium tablet formulation and 100.02 % was the mean percentage purity. The Fluvastatin Sodium retention time was found to be 5.5 minutes. The method accuracy was showed by statistical analysis. The developed RP-HPLC method can be adopted for the routine analysis of Fluvastatin Sodium in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms in quality control laboratories. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines.
Female (Anti-)exemplain Plinian and Ovidian Letters: Rebellious Women's Silenced Battles
Authors: Alekou Stella
Published: October 2021

This article does not discuss the intertextual allusions to Ovidian epistolography in Pliny's letters, but puts forward the claim that women in both Ovid's and Pliny's letters are part of a female literary culture that implicitly clashes with the conventional gender patterns of what constitutes a female exemplum and a female anti-exemplum. This article presents Pliny's letters as both prescriptive and descriptive, and argues that the texts extol as well as advocate specific patterns of behavior, including that of the ideal wife. The examination of the Plinian text is enriched with a parallel reading of Ovid's letters in the Heroïdes, in which fictional women appear as “enabled” to rewrite their pseudo-biographies, even though these are composed and “edited” by a male poet. In reexamining Ovid's unconventional female mythological constructions vis-à-vis the Plinian perception of distinguished women of Roman history, the reader is eventually encouraged to reconsider some well-established views on Pliny's social, cultural, and political “conservatism.”
“Moors Must Not Be Taken for Black”: Race, Conflict, and Cultural Translation in the Early Modern French Mediterranean
Authors: Sandberg Brian
Published: October 2021

French actors mediated North African cultures and shaped French perceptions of others in the Mediterranean world during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Francophone intermediaries experienced predominantly Muslim cultures as consuls, diplomats, military officers, naval captains, merchants, travelers, and prisoners in North Africa and across the Mediterranean during this period. This article reconsiders issues of race and conflict in the early modern Mediterranean by globalizing Francophone sources on the figure of the “Moor” and the conceptual space of the “Barbary Coast” in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. After introducing French cultural intermediaries in the Mediterranean, the article analyzes their depictions of North Africans through conflict narratives, geographic works, and ethnographic descriptions. New evidence of racial distinctions in the early modern French Mediterranean suggests that conflict reshaped French understandings of Muslims and produced racialized conceptions of “Moors.” This finding supports recent historical interpretations of race as a category of differentiation already articulated and operative in the early modern world.
Projeto Mutirão do Bem: relato de experiência sobre ação social e uso de redes sociais
Authors: Adriana Ribeiro Lopes Laura , De Almeida Santos Bismarque , Oliveira Matos Guilherme , Da Conceição Fonseca Rayssa , Froes Jesus Rubens Felipe , Do Rosário Santos Thainá , Silva Pereira Wanderson
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: relatar os resultados e impactos sociais obtidos pelo projeto Mutirão do Bem desenvolvido em 2021, na cidade de Montes Claros-MG, por acadêmicos do curso de administração de um Centro Universitário. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de estudo do tipo relato de experiência que apresenta ações de desenvolvimento sustentável, desenvolvidas através da arrecadação de alimentos, itens de higiene pessoal e agasalhos para as famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Utilizaram-se ferramentas de gestão de projetos e redes sociais, como Instagram® e Whatsapp®. Resultado: o projeto obteve êxito em suas ações, várias famílias foram beneficiadas e a equipe pode aumentar a meta de arrecadações estabelecida inicialmente. Conclusão: conclui-se que ações de desenvolvimento sustentável são extremamente necessárias para amenizar situações de miséria e fome, bem como levar conforto às famílias necessitadas.
Plantando esperança: relato de experiência sobre ações de combate à fome e consumo consciente de alimentos
Authors: Adriana Ribeiro Lopes Laura , Igor Alves Vieira Dilermando , Aparecido Soares Silva Fabrício , Dos Santos Martins Heline , Soares Silva Sarah
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: contribuir no combate à fome da região norte do estado de Minas Gerais e incentivar o consumo consciente de alimentos, através de ações desenvolvidas num projeto intitulado “Plantando Esperança”. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de estudo do tipo relato de experiência, que apresenta práticas e experiências vivenciadas por acadêmicos do curso de Administração, realizadas com foco nas comunidades que vivem ao redor da Fazenda Globo, no município de Januária, norte de Minas Gerais. Para incentivar o plantio sustentável e combate à fome, foi desenvolvido um folder autoexplicativo para a sensibilização dos moradores e demonstração da importância da colaboração mútua das famílias. Foi realizado, ainda, o plantio de uma horta com hortaliças, legumes e verduras pela equipe. Resultados:  foram distribuídos panfletos para 30 famílias da região, entre elas 18 quilombolas. Sementes foram anexadas aos panfletos para incentivar o plantio da própria horta. O cumprimento do cronograma de cuidado da horta foi eficaz e esta segue em crescimento. Assim que possível a colheita, os moradores mais necessitados serão contemplados com os alimentos. Conclusão: o projeto despertou nos moradores o desejo de continuarem plantando hortas nas suas residências para que, assim, possam garantir o sustento de suas famílias em tempos difíceis, especialmente vivenciados com a pandemia.
PERSPECTIVAS DE LICENCIANDOS EM FÍSICA SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Da Silva Larissa Carniel , Ignácio Patrícia , Espinosa Tobias
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo buscou compreender quais são os entendimentos sobre o conceito, os sujeitos, o ensino e a aprendizagem na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), de licenciandos de um curso de licenciatura com habilitação em Física de uma universidade pública federal localizada na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Para isso, utilizou-se de entrevistas gravadas em áudio, posteriormente, analisadas sob o olhar da Análise Temática, descrita por Braun e Clarke (2006). De acordo com as análises realizadas, os achados da pesquisa mostraram que os licenciandos:  pouco sabem o que é a EJA; percebem os alunos da EJA como um público diversificado;  entendem que os alunos desta modalidade não possuem interesse pelos estudos; acreditam que os alunos da EJA aprendem de forma lenta e dificultosa; mencionam a importância da realização de sondagem junto aos alunos, para o planejamento da aula; apostam, preferencialmente, em metodologias tradicionais, sugerindo, também, metodologias ativas e a mescla dessas. Por fim, os resultados apontam a necessidade de repensar os currículos dos cursos de licenciatura em Física e de um maior investimento em pesquisas sobre o Ensino de Física na EJA.
O olhar do professor da sala comum e os aspectos emocionais dos estudantes
Authors: Salmito Vivian Almada Dutra , Silva Dina Mara Formiga da , Gondim Raianny de Sousa , Leitão Cristiane Sales , Linard Cybelle Façanha Barreto Medeiros , Lourinho Lidia Andrade
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Algumas situações despertam a atenção dos profissionais da educação e da saúde, acerca das causas do crescente número de encaminhamentos de crianças e adolescentes aos especialistas, que apresentam queixas escolares relacionadas a problemas de aprendizagem, problemas comportamentais e emocionais. Objetivo: compreender o olhar do professor da sala comum, os aspectos emocionais dos estudantes e suas possibilidades. Materiais e métodos: O presente estudo é um recorte de uma pesquisa maior. Em que para conduzir a pesquisa, utilizou-se o método de pesquisa descritiva e exploratória com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados e Discussão: Em relação aos aspectos relacionados a fatores emocionais na visão dos professores, os dados evidenciam que muitos destes, atribuem aos estudantes problemas emocionais, que acarretam dificuldades e limitações no processo de aprendizagem. Conclusões: Conclui-se que na percepção dos professores participantes da pesquisa, a maioria dos estudantes apresenta comportamentos que discrepam dos parâmetros preestabelecidos pela instituição escolar.
Pesos relativos entre indicadores de sustentabilidade e custos de construção de estruturas pré-fabricadas em plantas industriais
Authors: Silva Walber Paschoal da , Soares Marco Antonio
Published: October 2021

A indústria da construção civil é responsável por danos ambientais em várias fases de ciclo de vida de um projeto. Por outro lado, o aumento da conscientização sobre a importância do desenvolvimento sustentável tem produzido mudanças de paradigmas em várias atividades humanas. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo definir os pesos relativos entre os indicadores de sustentabilidade e os custos, para os métodos construtivos com pré-fabricados de estruturas metálicas e em concreto armado, em projetos de plantas industriais. Para a estimativa desses pesos foi desenvolvida uma metodologia, baseada no método de Análise Hierárquica de Processos (AHP), capaz de auxiliar a tomada de decisão em ambientes de multicritérios. A metodologia proposta foi aplicada e testada a partir de uma pesquisa de campo, direcionada a gerentes de projetos industriais atuantes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados revelaram que não há um consenso, entre os gerentes de projeto, sobre a importância relativa desses indicadores, e que o custo de execução da obra é considerado um fator mais importante do que aqueles relacionados à sustentabilidade, durante a tomada de decisão.
Factores geográficos en la evolución urbana de la zona central histórica de la ciudad de Tipitapa, Nicaragua 1946-2020
Authors: Espinoza Rivera Samanta María , Álvarez Arzate María Dolores
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo, parte de la tesis doctoral de la autora, donde se logró identificar los factores geográficos que influyeron en la evolución urbana de la zona central histórica de la ciudad de Tipitapa en los años 1946, 1969, 1996, 2000, 2018 y 2020. Desde el enfoque del análisis geográfico, auxiliado de los Sistema de Información Geográfica se profundiza en la descripción de los usos de suelo, la morfología urbana, así como los elementos naturales y culturales más representativos de la estructura urbana, componentes del paisaje urbano. Tipo de investigación cualitativa. Los principales resultados muestran que los factores geográficos que influyeron en el desarrollo de la zona central histórica de la ciudad de Tipitapa, se destaca la ubicación geográfica estratégica con relación a las regiones del norte y pacífico de Nicaragua, el relieve, la localización de complejos industriales, la viabilidad, actividades comerciales, agrícolas y ganaderas. Así como la migración, por ejemplo, del campo a la ciudad.
Evaluación de la rentabilidad del cultivo de tomate y maíz a partir de la Implementación de un sistema de acumulación de costos agropecuarios en la Finca Buena Vista, Comunidad Los Jobos Municipio de Estelí, Nicaragua
Authors: Cruz Estrada Cinthya Karolina , Rayo Estrada Yusmery , Díaz Reyes Jazmina Marisela , Cruz Cruz Leyla Marielka
Published: October 2021

En la presente investigación se evalúa la rentabilidad del cultivo de Maíz y Tomate mediante la aplicación de un Sistema de Acumulación de Costos Agropecuarios en la Finca Los Jobos Estelí, correspondiente del 01 de mayo al 30 de octubre 2020. La investigación contiene información teórica, el análisis de los resultados se obtuvieron de la aplicación de instrumentos (guía de entrevista, guía de observación) para recolección de información que se aplicaron en las diferentes visitas que se realizaron a la finca con el fin de describir el Proceso Productivo del Cultivo de Maíz y tomate, posteriormente diseñar e implementar un sistema de Acumulación de Costos y determinar la rentabilidad que tienen ambos cultivos y cual posee más incidencia en cuanto a las ganancias. El estudio aplicado en la investigación es de tipo Explicativo- analítico porque se explica el proceso productivo del cultivo del tomate y el maíz; además se analiza cada una de las etapas del ciclo productivo para poder realizar los registros adecuados de las actividades desarrolladas a fin de poder determinar los costos de producción, determinando así la rentabilidad de los cultivos. En los resultados de la investigación se describe el proceso productivo de Maíz y Tomate que se lleva a cabo en la finca, posteriormente se realizó el diseño del sistema contable tomando en cuenta que en la finca no existía un sistema contable que le facilitara el registro de las operaciones; y se realizaron registros contables de las operaciones (gastos, ingresos y costos) generados en ciclo productivo, información que facilito la elaboración de los estados financieros, para poder evaluar la rentabilidad de ambos cultivos.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection presenting as crescentic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: A distinctly rare occurrence
Authors: Mubarak Muhammed , Jafry Nazarul , Khan Abdul Saboor , Naqvi Rubina , Elahi Tabassum
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly prevalent infection worldwide. It primarily infects liver and presents with features of chronic liver disease. Rarely, it presents with extra-hepatic manifestations. Kidney involvement in HBV infection is not uncommon. However, presentation with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is distinctly rare. A 40-year-old man with undiscovered HBV infection presented with fever-triggered body swelling for one month. Serum creatinine was 2.3 mg/dl on admission, which increased during hospitalization  to 4.5 mg/dl. Renal biopsy demonstrated crescentic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, immune complex-mediated. Clinical, laboratory and imaging studies revealed mild chronic liver damage. Complete renal, hepatic and virological remission was achieved with steroids, plasmapheresis and antiviral therapy. This case emphasizes on early diagnosis and institution of multimodal therapy for better outcomes.
Relationship between students’ discipline and academic performance in secondary schools in Rwanda
Authors:   Mount Kenya University, Innocent Sibomana , Opiyo Andala Dr. Hesbon
Published: October 2021

The students’ discipline plays a significant role in the improvement of academic performance. However, any lack of students’ discipline, significantly affect negatively the level of students’ discipline. The purpose of this study therefore was to establish the relationship between students’ discipline and academic performance in secondary schools in Rwanda for advanced level studying-French-English Kinyarwanda in Rusizi district. The study adopted correlation research design while structured questionnaires, interview guide and desk review were used as data collection instruments. The target population was 283 respondents. The sample size was 166 obtained by the use of Yamane formula. The sample was obtained by the use of simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Questionnaire, interview guide and desk review were used to collect the data. The findings revealed that there is a statistical significant high degree of positive relationship between students’ discipline and academic performance. It was revealed that regular class attendance, respect of school rules and regulation and being given punishment among students create a positive change in students’ academic performance. The study recommended that the government should design effective policies and discipline guidelines. The head teachers should ensure the suitability of a set of rules and regulations in the least performing schools and there is a need to ensure students punishment management and adequate administration of school rules and regulations. Students should respect and comply with school rules and regulations through punctuality, demand of permission, constant attendance, doing homework at time, respect to teaching staff and school management personnel. Keywords: Students’ performance, students’ discipline, secondary schools, Rwanda
¬¬THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF NIAS LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN LEARNING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Mendrofa Evi Eunike
Published: October 2021

Most of people in the world and also Indonesian speakers are bilingualism, who use two languages; Indonesian and mother tongue. Commonly, both languages influence one another, which finally create a new phenomenon of language called interference of language. Interference of language is a form of an impact of mother tongue towards second language, which creates an error in the second language. The error occurs because the mother tongue language and the second language have different structure and different way in using the language.

In this research, the writer finds out that the ability of someone in mastering the second language will always be influenced by the mother tongue. As a real case for Nias speakers, they make mistakes and errors when they speak in Indonesian, especially in phonological and grammatical structure. The mistake occurs because phonological and grammatical in their mother tongue are still used in second language, thus it makes the second language invalid in the way of norm and rule. 

From the result of the research, it can be concluded that Nias speakers interfere Indonesian in their daily conversation. The interference can be existed as a form of the impact of mother tongue to second language. In this research, there are three interferences of Nias speakers that have been found by the writer. First, Nias speakers omit the final consonant of words when speaking in Indonesian, it is because in Li Niha there is no final consonant of words but only final vowel. Second, Nias speakers also create a redundancy when they are speaking Indonesian, it is because they are usually add some words in their speech in order to emphasize their statement. Third, Nias language and Indonesian language have different structure in arranging sentences. Based on that difference, Nias speakers oftentimes invert the words in sentences. So, the writer concluded that all of these aspects are the aspect which influences Nias speakers to interfere the second language.

 

Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Interference, Mother tongue, Bilingualism, Phonological, Grammatical structure..
NURETTA DEVIANA: CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL SHAPING MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS BERBASIS AKULTURASI BUDAYA BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Heriyanto Eko , Wisnumurti Adhitya , Wicaksono Adityo Putro
Published: October 2021

English has become part of the education curriculum that must be taught to students. Therefore, many schools strive to provide the best English teaching and learning systems and methods for their students. One of them is Nuretta Deviana which is an alternative model of learning English. The purpose of this research is to explain the steps of implementing Nuretta Deviana, find and explain the skills and language components that can be learned through Nuretta Deviana, explain the children behavioral forming through NUretta Deviana, find and overcome the obstacles that arise in the implementation of Nuretta Deviana. The approach used is descriptive qualitative based on literature review. Primary data were collected using documentation techniques during the Nuretta Deviana process, performances, and interviews with stakeholders and educators (English teachers in schools). Secondary data were collected using the literature review method. The results of this study stated that Nuretta Deviana can be done by holding preparations, performances and assessments. Nuretta Deviana can hone student’ English skills and components. Diligent, hard work, discipline and tolerance characteristic are implicitly formed through the script which acculturate local culture and British culture. Barriers internally and externally can be overcome with solutions that are carried out continuously.

 

 

Keywords: nursery rhymes, reader response theory
BOOSTING THE STUDENTS IN MASTERING WRITING SKILL THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PPIE (POINT, PRESENTATION, ILLUSTRATION, EXPLANATION) TECHNIQUE
Authors: Zuraini Zuraini , Misnawati Misnawati , Lisa Asruna , Nofriati Eli
Published: October 2021

Abstract

People need to learn writing in English for occupational or academic purpose to write well, students must have good capabilities in writing process and aspects of writing. The purposes of the research are: to improve PPIE technique for the students writing skill in Narrative text. And to know the students’ response of PPIE Technique in Narrative text. Qualitative and quantitative research methodology were combined by the researcher. In qualitative, the researcher used questionnaires, observation sheet as instrument of the research to observe and learn. Based on the quantitative research methodology, the researcher and teacher gave post-tes. The result of observation sheet for the teachers performance in cycle 1 had the mean score was about 67.84% . In cycle 2 showed that the the mean score was about 83.14%. The result of observation sheet for the students’ activities in cycle 1 the mean score was 52.54%. In second cycle mean score was 75.68%. The total score on questionaires about 12.99 and average score about 3.24. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the PPIE technique could improve the students’ ability in writing skill.
Analisis Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Fakultas Bahasa dan Budaya UNTAG Semarang
Authors: Wiwoho Gurendi , Mahanani Widiarsih , Muslimah Muslimah
Published: October 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Fakultas Bahasa  dan Budaya Untag Semarang” bertujuan menganalisis motivasi belajar Bahasa Inggris mahasiswa di FBB Untag Semarang. Faktor-faktor yang dianalisis adalah orientasi, sikap dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif.  Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa orientasi mahasiswa untuk belajar bahasa Inggris sangatlah positif dan secara umum mahasiswa yang telah menentukan pilihan mereka mengambil jurusan bahasa Inggris cukup memiliki kemauan untuk belajar dan tidak terlalu menutup diri dari komunikasi serta lingkungan belajar yang sangat mendukung. Ketiga faktor tersebut menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar bahasa Inggris mahasiswa FBB Untag Semarang sangatlah tinggi.
SATUAN BAHASA PENANDA SOAL CERITA YANG DIKERJAKAN DENGAN MENCARI KPK DAN FPB
Authors: Laksono Agus Edy
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Soal cerita yang harus dikerjakan dengan mencari KPK dan FPB dari beberapa bilangan pertama kali disampaikan dengan langsung menanyakan berapakah KPK dan FPB bilangan-bilangan tersebut. Namun, setelah peserta didik memahami cara menemukannya, pendidik akan mengembangkan soal-soal tersebut menjadi soal cerita. Persoalannya adalah, masih ada peserta didik yang kesulitan mengerjakan soal-soal yang melibatkan keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan  bentuk-bentuk dan kategori penanda soal-soal cerita yang melibatkan kelipatan persekutuan yang sama dan faktor persekutuan yang paling besar. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik ganti sehingga hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik bentuk maupun kategori satuan bahasa penanda soal-soal cerita yang seharusnya dikerjakan dengan menemukan KPK akan berkaitan dengan waktu, sedangkan bentuk maupun kategori satuan bahasa penanda soal-soal cerita yang semestinya dikerjakan dengan mencari FPB akan berkaitan dengan jumlah/ ukuran/ kuantitas
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC-PDA METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF FENSPIRIDE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS.
Authors:   KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada - 520010, AP, INDIA., Samyuktha S. M , Prasanthi P. G , Mahesh K , Nalluri B. N , Lakshmi V. M.
Published: October 2021

A simple, selective, accurate High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the analysis of Fenspiride hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically using a C18 reverse phase column [Inertsil C18 column (250×4.6mm, 5μm)] utilizing a mobile phase containing 10mM Ammonium acetate: Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The eluents were monitored at wavelength of 210 nm for a run time of 7 minutes at ambient temperature. The average retention time of the drug was found to be 4.6 minutes. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines to ascertain the reproducibility of the method. The method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 10-50 μg/mL with a good correlation coefficient of 0.998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.007 and 0.021 μg/mL and the percentage recovery and assay were found to be 99.315 and 98.97%. Specificity with placebo by 3 D plots showed that the method was specific and free from interfering substances. Therefore, the fully validated method was good enough to carry out routine analysis of Fenspiride in bulk and tablet formulations.
HERBAL PENETRATION ENHANCERS AND TERPENES: AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104 Karnataka, India., Kumar S , Nayak U. Y , Mutalik S , Udupa N
Published: October 2021

The delivery of drug through skin offers many advantages over the other routes of drug administration. However the protective upper layer of the skin, stratum corneum behaves like a challenging barrier for the penetration of majority of drugs. Use of herbal penetration enhancers which penetrate into human skin and shows reduction in the barrier resistance is widely accepted in transdermal drug delivery. The mechanism behind herbal enhancers involves the disruption of intercellular lipid and/ or keratin domains as it enhances drug partitioning into tissue and also improves the solubility of drug. Now a days, many herbal penetration enhancers are included in GRAS (generally recognised as safe substances) list and they possess low side effects and irritancy in comparison with synthetic chemicals like solvents, azones or surfactants etc. Previous reports revealed that the usage of herbal skin permeability enhancers also termed as bioenhancers in particular terpenes may be beneficial over the synthetic/isolated enhancers while comparing their safety and efficacy profile during transdermal and percutaneous delivery process.
HPTLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF STIGMASTEROL AND Β-SITOSTEROL IN ABROMA AUGUSTA LINN. ROOTS AND ITS IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY SCREENING
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore - 641 044, Tamil Nadu, India., Jayaprakasam R , Philip N , Vinod S. , Jacob L , Thengungal K. R.
Published: October 2021

The intention of the present work is to quantify stigmasterol and β-sitosterol and simultaneously estimate them in the roots of Abroma augusta Linn. with the help of standard markers using HPTLC technique and to carry out the evaluation of their anti-arthritic and anti-gout activities. The fingerprinting of the methanolic extract was carried out and the individual markers were quantified by HPTLC. They were simultaneously estimated and the method was validated. The antiarthritic and antigout activities were evaluated. A system comprising of toluene: methanol (9:1% v/v) was selected for the determination of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol by HPTLC and detection was at 210nm after derivatization with anisaldehyde - sulphuric acid reagent. The methanolic extract of the plant showed good anti-arthritic and anti-gout activities. The present study is a forerunner for the development of newer herbal preparations for the treatment of arthritis and gout and also for the routine analysis of herbal constituents.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF A HERBAL ANTI-BACTERIAL GEL CONTAINING GMELINA ARBOREA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors:   Pad. Dr D Y Patil College of Pharmacy D Y Patil Education Complex, Sec No. 29, Akurdi, Pune - 411 044, India., Powar P. V , Rathod S , Ambikar R. B , Sharma P. H.
Published: October 2021

The ancient literature of traditional Indian medicine indicate the potential medicinal values of Gmelina arborea as an important source of chemicals of enormous medicinal and pharmaceutical importance such as flavonoids, alkaloids, arboreol, isoarboreol, methyl arboreol, gummadiol, gmelanone, gmelinol, hexacosnol, n-octanol, β-sitosterol and luteolin. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Gmelina arborea ethanolic leaf extract for antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical screening of Gmelina arborea reveals the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The gel was prepared by using ethanolic leaf extract, Carbapol 934, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, propylene glycol, disodium EDTA, ethanol, triethanaloamine and distilled water. The physiochemical parameters of formulations such as pH, viscosity, spreadability and extrudability were determined. The results showed that the GF1 gel has better gel properties than other formulations. Determination of antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion method showed that the crude extracts of the leaf and herbal gel of the plant inhibited the growth of recalcitrant pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus that frequently shows up in common skin infections. Neat ethanol extracts had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.01 μg each implying greatest activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Activity of the extracts was consistently less than the conventional antibiotic, tetracycline. Results provided the scientific basis for the folkloric application of G. arborea leaf extract for the possible control of skin infection associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
SENSITIVE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GENOTOXIC IMPURITIES IN LETROZOLE
Authors:   Hetero Drugs Ltd. (R&D), Plot No. B. 80 & 81, APIE, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 018, India., Nanduri V. V. S. S. R. , Prasad A. V. S. S. , Reddy K. R.
Published: October 2021

Sensitive liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of two genotoxic impurities, namely hydrazine hydrate and 4-bromomethyl benzonitrile, in letrozole have been presented. Method-A is the pre-column derivative UFLC method for the determination of hydrazine hydrate with 4-methoxy benzaldehyde in letrozole. The chemistry involved in the derivatization is explained with suitable mechanism. Method-B offers the determination of 4-bromomethyl benzonitrile in letrozole. Both the methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Correlation coefficient values were found to be about 0.99. The % recoveries of the added impurities were found around the ranges of 94.2 to 94.6 for method-A and 92.5 to 100.5 for method-B.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF EFAVIRENZ COMPACTS BY LIQUISOLID TECHNIQUE FOR SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy No. 2, P. Kalinga Rao road, Subbaiah Circle, Bengaluru - 560 027, Karnataka, India., Ramya V , Abbas Z , Swamy NGN
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to improve the bioavailability by enhancing the solubility of efavirenz, a poor water soluble, anti-viral drug by using liquisolid technique. Different liquisolid formulations were prepared by using various non-volatile hydrophilic solvents. Microcystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 102) and Aerosil 200 were used as carrier and coating materials respectively. Additives such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl guar were incorporated into the formulations, to improve dissolution characteristics. The prepared liquisolid compacts were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content and in vitro dissolution studies. FT-IR studies were carried out to rule out the drug-excipient interactions. It was observed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and excipients. DSC and X-ray diffraction studies were performed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the liquisolid tablets, which would enable us to confirm the conversion of the crystalline form of the drug to the amorphous form in the formulation. The dissolution profiles of the liquisolid tablets were compared with that of the directly compressed tablets. The results obtained showed the liquisolid tablets of efavirenz, to exhibit a higher percentage of drug release than the directly compressed tablets.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF MATRIX TABLET OF STAVUDINE BY USING CARBOXY METHYL TAMARIND KERNEL POWDER AS A NOVEL DRUG RELEASE RETARDING AGENT
Authors:   MGV’s Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, India., Karmarkar R. R , Wagh M. P , Baviskar S.R , Patil S.H , Khawshe S. K
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present study was to evaluate carboxy methyl tamarind kernal powder as a novel drug release retarding agent. To evaluate the same, sustained release matrix tablets of stavudine were prepared by using HPMC K4M and carboxy methyl tamarind kernal powder, by using a direct compression technique. The formulations were prepared by using different drug: polymer ratios into formulations such as F1 to F9. The compressed tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro dissolution rates. Formulation F6, having a hardness of 5.46 ± 0.25, showed the desired release profile for a period of 24 h in simulated intestinal fluids (pH 7.4). Kinetic data treatment indicated that the release of stavudine from the matrix tablet follows coupling of diffusion and erosion mechanisms. The study proves that the optimized sustained release tablet is capable of releasing the drug in a sustained manner for 24 h.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR RILPIVIRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND USE IN ANALYSIS OF PREPARED NANOSUSPENSION
Authors:   Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, (Affiliated to Osmania University) Secunderabad - 500 014, Telangana, India., Manchala Madhuri , Kanagala Vijaya Sri , Jain Ganapath Vinay
Published: October 2021

A simple, precise, accurate and robust RP-HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the determination of rilpivirine hydrochloride in tablet dosage forms. Reverse-phase chromatography was performed on a BDS hypersil (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 6 μm) column of Waters HPLC with Empower software and with a photodiode array detector. Methanol: acetonitrile: water 80:13.5:6.5 (v/v) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 with PDA detection at 306 nm. Rilpivirine hydrochloride nanosuspension was prepared by using an ultrasonic homogenization method. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.1–10 μg mL-1 with regression equation y = 508856X+46908 (R2 = 0.9998). The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The RSD for intra-day (1.31- 0.67) and inter-day (1.69-1.59) precision was found to be less than 2%. The developed method is simple, precise and robust for the determination of rilpivirine hydrochloride and is successfully applied for the nanosuspension.
COMPARISON OF DYEING ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND BUTANOLIC FRACTION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FRUITS OF GARCINIA INDICA CHOISY
Authors:   KLES College of Pharmacy, Belgavi - 590 010, Karnataka, India., Patil K , Bhuti J
Published: October 2021

Natural dyes from plants have been given much attention in recent years due to the threat and harmful effects arisen by synthetic dyes and environmental awareness created by researchers. Natural dyes are environmental friendly, hygienic, user friendly and permanent compared to other colorants. Recently, research has shown that synthetic dyes release harmful chemicals that are allergic, carcinogenic and detrimental to human health. The present study was focused on extraction and fractionation of anthocyanins from fruits of Garcinia indica Choisy. Garcinia indica Choisy (kokum) is widely distributed in coastal India. The fruit is mainly found during the summer months. It is a tropical fruit and can be viewed as a wonder berry that has a pleasant odour, tangy-sweet taste and many health benefits. It is used to treat many diseases. The dried fruits powder of Garcinia indica was subjected to the extraction of anthocyanins by maceration and fractionated with n-butanol. Total anthocyanin content was calculated from the extract. The aqueous extract and butanolic fraction of ethanolic extract of fruits of Garcinia indica were evaluated as a natural colorant on fabrics and compared with each other. The present study showed the n-butanol fraction of ethanolic extract of fruits of Garcinia indica to have more color intensity than the aqueous extract on silk material. So, anthocyanins from Garcinia indica fruits can be used as a natural dye.
DEVELOPMENT OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF URSOLIC ACID IN THE LEAF EXTACTS OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS, OCIMUM SANCTUM AND MENTHA PIPERATA
Authors:   Department of Quality Assurance, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, Gujarat, India., Ezhava S , Sanghvi B , Rathod I.S
Published: October 2021

Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound which naturally occurs in a large number of vegetarian foods, medicinal herbs, and other plants. A simple, specific, accurate and precise HPLC method has been developed and validated for estimation of ursolic acid in three herbal extracts. Ursolic acid was estimated on a Grace smart RP C18 (5 μm; 25cm X 4.6 mm i.d.) using methanol: water: orthophosphoric acid (35:65:0.05, v/v) as the mobile phase and the detection was carried out 210 nm. The retention time was found to be 7.15 min. The linearity obtained at this detection wavelength was 25–475 μg/mL for ursolic acid. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 6 and 25µg/mL, respectively, for ursolic acid. The co-relation and co-efficient for the calibration curve of ursolic acid was found to be 0.999. The developed method was used for separation and estimation of ursolic acid from 3 different herbal extracts (Alstonia scholaris, Ocimum sanctum, Mentha piperata). The estimated value of ursolic acid from herbal extracts of Alstonia scholaris, Ocimum sanctum and Mentha piperata was 1.87% w/w, 0.278% w/w and 0.575% w/w, respectively.
Foreword
Authors: Nulkar Gurudas
Published: October 2021

This Foreword is for the Volume 28 for the journal of Ecological Society, which focuses on Rocky Plateaus and Ecological Society's field work in Panshet Catchment, near Pune.
Editorial
Authors: Nodo Revista
Published: October 2021

Resumen
Imaginarios de la ciudad a partir de cartografías sensibles.
Authors: Silveyra-Rosales Maria Teresa
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo es resultado del análisis de un recorrido urbano y un taller realizado en la ciudad de Cuernavaca, México, el 10 de marzo del 2020; para efectuar estas actividades se tomó como base la metodología de cartografías sensibles. El recorrido se llevó a cabo con habitantes de la ciudad de Cuernavaca, mujeres y hombres cuyas edades oscilan entre 19 y 25 años. A partir de este trayecto que inició en la Glorieta de la Luna, un nodo urbano importante, y terminó en el Museo de La Tallera, un espacio público donde se expone arte contemporáneo, se buscó reconocer qué es lo que sienten los habitantes al recorrer la ciudad; en este sentido se planteó al sujeto y al cuerpo como sentimiento, según lo definido por la socióloga Alicia Lindón (2009). Durante el recorrido los participantes identificaron elementos simbólicos, espacios u objetos que ayudan a la orientación y a la “legibilidad” de la ciudad, tal como lo enuncia el urbanista Kevin Lynch (1984). El resultado de esta observación y escucha sensibles fue una cartografía realizada por los participantes, que será analizada en este artículo a partir de dos enfoques: la sensibilidad de los sujetos en el espacio, en donde se identificó la percepción de seguridad como fundamental, y la lectura del espacio como ente orientador formal y funcional, donde resaltan los espacios comerciales como elementos de referencia.
Editorial
Authors: Papeles Revista
Published: October 2021

Resumen
Observaciones críticas sobre el populismo de Ernesto Laclau
Authors: Castro Córdoba Ernesto
Published: October 2021

En este artículo hacemos algunas observaciones críticas sobre el populismo de Ernesto Laclau. Empezamos analizando el primer artículo que publicó Laclau en la New Left Review, sobre el "Cordobazo", el levantamiento social que tuvo lugar en Argentina en 1969. Luego analizamos las inconsistencias de los artículos incluidos en el libro de Laclau, Política e ideología marxista. Por último, analizamos las limitaciones tanto teóricas como prácticas de la obra maestra de Laclau: La razón populista.
ՏՐԱՆՍՑԵՆԴԵՆՏԱԼ ՖԵՆՈՄԵՆԱԼՈԳԻԱՅԻ ՈՐՈՇ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ / CERTAIN FEATURES OF TRANSCENDENTAL PHENOMENOLOGY
Authors: Barseghyan G. , Markosyan M. , Hovakimyan H.
Published: October 2021

Սույն հոդվածում քննարկվում են ֆենոմենալոգիայի
փիլիսոփայության և ֆենոմենալոգիայի տրանսցենդենտալ դպրոցի
հիմնական հասկացությունները: Ուշադրություն է դարձվում իրավունքի
ճանաչման ֆենոմենալոգիական մոտեցման մեթոդաբանական առանձնահատկություններին:
Սույն աշխատանքի նպատակը իրավունքի տրանսցենդենտալ
ֆենոմենալոգիայի՝ որպես իրավական հետազոտությունների իրականացման մեթոդի վերաբերյալ համապարփակ ուսումնասիրություն կատարելն է:ֈՀիմնվելով սույն աշխատանքի շրջանակում կատարված վերլուծության վրա՝ ներկայացվել են առաջարկներ՝ ուղղված ֆենոմենալոգիայի՝ որպես իրավական հետազոտությունների իրականացման
մեթոդի կիրառության արդյունավետության բարձրացմանը, ինչպես նաև
իրավական մոդելավորման կատարելագործմանըֈ: / This article examines the essential meanings of phenomenological philosophy and law school of transcendental phenomenology. Attention is paid to methodological features of phenomenological approach of legal perception. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comprehensive study of transcendental phenomenology of law as a method of conducting legal study.
Based on the analysis made in the context of this work, suggestions are made
which are directed at developing the efficiency of phenomenology as a means of
conducting legal studies, as well as the accomplishment of legal modeling.
ՍՈՎՈՐՈՂՆԵՐԻ ՍՏԵՂԾԱԳՈՐԾԱԿԱՆ ՄՏԱԾՈՂՈՒԹՅԱՆՆ ԱՌՆՉՎՈՂ ՄԻ ՔԱՆԻ ՀԱՐՑԵՐԻ ՄԱՍԻՆ / ON SOME QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE CREATIVE THINKING OF STUDENTS
Authors: Movsisyan N.
Published: October 2021

Հոդվածի նպատակն է համառոտակի վերլուծել
«Ստեղծագործական մտածողություն» հասկացությունը՝ որպես անհատի
իմացական գործունեության կատեգորիա, ներկայացնել ստեղծագործական մտածողության հիմնական բաղադրամասերը, որոնք, մեր պատկերացմամբ, կապված են խնդիրների լուծման գործընթացին, և համառոտ դիտարկել այն հիմնական գործոնները, որոք ազդում են
սովորողների ստեղծագործական, մտավոր ընդունակությունների զարգացման վրա: / The purpose of the article is to briefly analyze the concept of "creative
thinking" as a cognitive category of personality, to present the main
components of creative thinking, which, to our opinion, are related to the
process of solving tasks, and to review those main factors that affect the
development of students‘ creative and mental abilities.
ԿՐԹՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՈՐԱԿԸ ՁԵՎԱՎՈՐՈՂ ՀԻՄՆԱԿԱՆ ԳՈՐԾՈՆՆԵՐԸ / MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION
Authors: Zadoyan A.
Published: October 2021

Հոդվածում ներկայացված են կրթության որակի վրա ազդող գործոնները, մասնավորապես ուսման դրդապատճառների ձևավորվածությունը: Դիտարկվում են ուսման դրդապատճառների ձևավորման վրա ազդող հիմնական պատճառները, այդ թվում՝ դասագրքերի բովանդակային, կառուցվածքային և գործառութային բաղադրատարրերը: Շեշտադրվում են հատկապես տարրական օղակից միջին օղակ անցման դասարանում ուսուցանվող ուսումնական առարկաների դասագրքերի բովանդակության խնդրահարույց հարցերը: Հոդվածի նպատակն է ընդգծել դասագրքերի նշանակությունը սովորողների ուսման դրդապատճառների ձևավորման գործում՝ որպես կրթության որակի ապահովման կարևոր պայման: / The article will deal with the factors influencing the quality of education, in particular, the formation of educational motivation. The main reasons affecting the development of learning motivations are considered including the content, structural and functional components of the textbooks. The problematic issues of the content of the textbooks of the subjects thought in the elementary school in the middle grade are emphasized. The purpose of this article emphasizes the importance of textbooks in developing students‘ learning motivation as an important condition for ensuring the quality of education.
Sistem Pintu Otomatis Menggunakan E-KTP Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) pada Kamar Hotel
Authors: Yulisman  , Iman Naziful , Sabna Eka , Fonda Hendry
Published: October 2021

The system of opening and closing the hotel room doors is already using RFID but its use is still not optimal because the card used is very expensive and the card used can only be one card for each room, so if the card is lost, you have to re-enter the card id. Therefore, digital electronic technology systems and devices are needed to make it easier to open the door and close the hotel room so that it can facilitate the hotel security system with automatic locks. This system and device uses an E-KTP and an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based Keypad and which functions to control the device using a NodeMCU while for a card reader with an RFID engine. The research method uses a model, namely with a prototype model for making systems and automatic room door locking system tools. The results and conclusions of the manufacture of hotel room automatic door locking systems and devices using an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based E-KTP equipped with a message LCD and keypad as a door opening solution if the RFID machine does not work. The security of hotel guests who stay is more guaranteed and can also make it easier for guests and hotel staff with an automatic hotel room door lock system. The results of the user's assessment of the work of a series of systems and tools to open and lock this automatic hotel room door are very good with a value of 88.7%.
Pharmacognostic studies of Flemingiavestita
Authors: Langstang Wympher , Kharsahnoh Melvorene , Khongwir Teilinda , Venugopal N
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Flemingia vestita(Family: Fabaceae), is a leguminous root crop commonly found in the northeastern region of India. The tubers are anthelmintic and eaten unpeeled by the natives against gastrointestinal worminfection. The present study deals with the pharmacognostic studies on the rhizome of crude drug F. vestita. Our preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered rhizome revealed the presence of alkaloid,carbohydrate, protein, amino acids, phenol, tannic acid flavonoid,phytosterols, saponins,fat, oil, gum and mucilage. The physico-chemical, morphological, histological parameter may be proposed as parameters to establish the authencityof F. vestita. Key words: Flemingiavestita, pharmacognostic, phytochemicals, thin layer chromatography