bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Gedanken sind frei. Überlegungen zur Freiheit von Inhalten und Ideen im Urheberrecht
Authors: Haberstumpf Helmut
Published: September 2020

Der Grundsatz von der Freiheit der Gedanken und Ideen beschreibt ein Grundproblem, mit dem jede nationale und internationale Urheberrechtsordnung konfrontiert ist. In der Dogmatik des deutschen Urheberrechts wird versucht, es durch eine Unterscheidung zwischen geschützter Form und ungeschütztem Inhalt zu lösen. Durch eine systematische Analyse einer Reihe von Versionen dieser Form-Inhalt-Dichotomie und ihre Überprüfung auf ihre logischen Konsequenzen kann gezeigt werden, dass das Dogma von der Inhaltsfreiheit unhaltbar ist, weil es, je nachdem wie man die Begriffe Form und Inhalt interpretiert, in ein unauflösliches Dilemma führt: Entweder hat der Formschutz eine unangemessene Monopolisierung von Ideen und Gedanken zur Folge oder es gibt keinen effektiven Urheberrechtsschutz. Es wird deshalb untersucht, ob mit Hilfe des Begriffs der zugrundeliegenden freien Idee, der anders als die Form-Inhalt-Unterscheidung Eingang in die Regelwerke des deutschen und europäischen Urheberrechts gefunden hat, das Dilemma aufgelöst werden kann, indem man die zugrunde liegende Idee in eine bestimmte Relation zu einem konkreten Ausdruck setzt, in dem sie wiederkehrt. Wann sie im Verhältnis zu einer konkreten Ausdrucksform frei ist, hängt von Abwägungsentscheidungen ab, die die Rechte und Interessen der Urheber mit den Rechten und Interessen von Nutzern in Einklang zu bringen hat. Soweit schöpferische Ideen und Gedanken in unschöpferische Gestaltungen übernommen, d.h. in ihnen identisch oder wesentlich identisch reproduziert werden, hat der Gesetzgeber den Interessenkonflikt durch die Schaffung von Schrankenbestimmungen vorgeprägt. In diesen Fallkonstellationen ist Raum für eine Interessenabwägung nur insoweit gegeben, als die Tatbestandsvoraussetzungen dieser Vorschriften Auslegungsspielräume eröffnen. Eine umfassende Interessenabwägung wird aber dann erforderlich, wenn außerhalb der Anwendungsbereiche der Schrankenbestimmungen schöpferische Gedanken und Ideen sinnändernd in eine eigene schöpferische Ausdrucksform integriert werden, indem ein Nutzer sie verarbeitet und sich mit ihnen künstlerisch oder wissenschaftlich auseinandersetzt. Hier geht es um die Abgrenzung zwischen unfreier Bearbeitung und freier Benutzung. Das hier vorgestellte Konzept einer schrankenbasierten Interessenabwägung, das das Institut der freien Benutzung gem. § 24 UrhG einbezieht, wird vor dem Hintergrund des deutschen und europäischen Rechts eingehend erläutert. Dazu werden vier allgemeine Kriterien der Interessenabwägung vorgeschlagen, die gewährleisten sollen, dass das Recht der Urheber auf Schutz ihres geistigen Eigentums ebenso Berücksichtigung findet wie die Kunst- und Wissenschaftsfreiheit von Nutzern.
Den Handel im Blick
Authors: Wilhelmi Alexander
Published: September 2020

An elegant, aesthetic profession or a shady business? Art dealing has been depicted extremely ambiguously in the media and popular culture. However, possibly knowing them better than anyone else, how do artists themselves regard art dealers? In this study, Alexander Wilhelmi addresses this question by analysing eight portraits of art dealers all painted by prominent 20th century artists. In detailed individual appraisals, the author examines issues such as what the portraits reveal about the artists’ relationship to their subjects, how they depict the dealers’ relationship to art and what impressions of the art dealing profession they convey.
Social Media and Suicide
Authors: Popoola Olalekan , Olagundoye Olawunmi , Alugo Morenike
Published: September 2020

Today, online social media are as ubiquitous as they are inextricable, especially as they have become critical to every aspect of our everyday lives. In the face of this upsurge in social media use, particularly in the adolescent age-group, rates of suicide, attempted suicide, and deliberate self-harm have spiked. This chapter aims to elucidate on current-day definitions of these terminologies as well as their epidemiology regionally and globally. Furthermore, it explores any established causality as well as possible associations and contributory factors such as cyberbullying and substance abuse. The chapter also explores how trending issues such as celebrity suicide and suicide reporting have impacted on the prevalence of suicide and examines its comorbidities. Novel concepts such as the Werther and Papageno effect are highlighted. It explicates on present-day recommendations to curb this menace while also examining the possibilities and merits of using social media as a prohibitive and rehabilitative tool against suicidal behavior.
Mode-I and Mode-II Crack Tip Fields in Implicit Gradient Elasticity Based on Laplacians of Stress and Strain. Part I: Governing Equations
Authors: Broese Carsten , Frischmann Jan , Tsakmakis Charalampos
Published: September 2020

Models of implicit gradient elasticity based on Laplacians of stress and strain can be established in analogy to the models of linear viscoelastic solids. The most simple implicit gradient elasticity model including both, the Laplacian of stress and the Laplacian of strain, is the counterpart of the three-parameter viscoelastic solid. The main investigations in Parts I, II, and III concern the “three-parameter gradient elasticity model” and focus on the near-tip fields of Mode-I and Mode-II crack problems. It is proved that, for the boundary and symmetry conditions assumed in the present work, the model does not avoid the well-known singularities of classical elasticity. Nevertheless, there are significant differences in the form of the asymptotic solutions in comparison to the classical elasticity. These differences are discussed in detail on the basis of closed-form analytical solutions. Part I provides the governing equations and the required boundary and symmetry conditions for the considered crack problems.
Probiotics in Allergic Diseases
Authors: Filipovic Ivana , Lackovic Milan , Mihajlovic Slađana , Filipović Đorđe , Bakic Tamara , Zivkovic Zorica
Published: September 2020

Allergic diseases are the most common chronic diseases in children and no complete agreement on effective measures for primary prevention is available. Atopic family history is one of the most important risk factors for the development of asthma. A decline in microbial diversity due to modern lifestyle particularly in urban areas was proposed to have an important role in allergic epidemic. Recent studies are more focused on the specific mode of prevention such as probiotic usage in early pregnancy and infants period. It is well known that the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota has been postulated to play a role in the development of allergies because it promotes potentially antiallergenic processes: TH1-type immunity, generation of TGF (which has an essential role in suppression of TH2-induced allergic inflammation and induction of oral tolerance), and IgA production, an essential component of mucosal immune defenses. Probiotic interventions administered during pregnancy and breastfeeding offer a unique opportunity to influence a range of important maternal and infant outcomes.
End-of-Life Ethical Dilemmas
Authors: Filipe Monteiro J.
Published: September 2020

Although known and debated since ancient Greece and Rome, the end-of-life ethical dilemmas are increasingly exposed to disputes and controversies. The main reason is the technoscientific progress that has been progressively increasing the life expectancy but not, in the same measure, the quality of life. The process of death, that can be lengthened or shortened by technical procedures, is in the forefront of the end-of-life ethical dilemmas. The meditations and opinions about these questions are sometimes based on misconceptions. A broad and inclusive analysis should consider, among others, a historical review of these topics and point out how various sectors of the society observe and scrutinize these plights. An analysis, about any controversy, is not conscientious if it does not point out a solution or at least a proposition to mitigate the disputes. It is in this context that, in the lack of biomarkers that can predict with accuracy the end-of-life, I recommend in this essay, the living will and other advanced health care directives, as a reasonable solution to lighten to a certain extent the ethical dilemmas of end-of-life.
How Can We Be Ahead of COVID-19 Curve? A Hybrid Knowledge-Based and Modified Regression Analysis Approach for COVID-19 Tracking in USA
Authors: Hussein Rafaat
Published: September 2020

Since its appearance in 2019, the COVID-19 virus deluged the world with unprecedented data in short time. Despite the countless worldwide pertinent studies and advanced technologies, the spread has been neither contained nor defeated. In fact, there is a recent record surge in the number of confirmed new cases. The rational question is thus: why has it taken so long to date to forecast the trajectory of the spread? To this end, this chapter presents a new predictive Knowledge-based (KB) toolkit named CORVITT (Corona Virus Tracking Toolkit) and a modified linear regression model. This logical step assists the officials, organizations, and users to forecast the spread trajectory and accordingly make proactive rather than retroactive intervention decisions. This hybrid approach uses the confirmed new cases and demographic data, implemented. CORVITT is not an epidemiological model, in the sense that it does not model disease transmission, nor does it use underlying epidemiological parameters or data including the reproductive rate, disease methods, real time polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold, the virus structure and pathogenesis, etc. The chapter is a seed in an in-progress study that will broaden its scope by including additional parameters.
Adjuvant Therapies in Colon Cancer
Authors: Prasanna Thiru , Yip Desmond
Published: September 2020

Most of the patients with localized colon cancer undergo curative resection. However, significant number of patients will recur with metastatic disease, especially those with node positive cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy has shown to improve cure rate and survival by eradicating micrometastases. The benefit of adjuvant therapy is well established in node-positive cancers, while their role in stage II cancer is not well defined. A number of molecular markers have been identified that are prognostic and/or predictive in colon cancer. Such molecular markers, and other clinicopathological features play an important role in selection of appropriate therapy and duration of treatment. Emerging evidence for the utility of genomic profiling or detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are promising which may further facilitate decision making in the future. This chapter reviews the evolution of adjuvant therapy for resected colon cancer, the current evidence and the factors influence the choice of therapy.
The Social Isolation Triggered by COVID-19: Effects on Mental Health and Education in Mexico
Authors: Karen Limón-Vázquez Ana , Guillén-Ruiz Gabriel , Virginia Herrera-Huerta Emma
Published: September 2020

Public health in Mexico was on alert since the World Health Organization declared a pandemic of COVID-19. This disease represents a challenge not only for the health system but also for the education system, which implement emerging measures such as online education. In Mexico online education has several limitations associated with computer and internet access, which affect the academic achievement of the students. Additionally, the main measures against the pandemic are social isolation, but this measure can generate stress and affect the academic achievement and mental health of the population. The present review was based on Mexican scientific and journalistic sources, and a thesaurus system such as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms to find original articles to social isolation, mental health, and academic achievement. The contribution of this chapter is to describe the effects that social isolation has caused on mental health and scholar challenges in the Mexican student population.
Oxytocin Blocks Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms Only When Combined with Group Therapy: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Naderi Shahram , Vousooghi Nasim , Sadighii Nahid , Batouli Seyed Amir Hossein , Mirzaii Fahimeh , Mohammad Razaghi Emran
Published: September 2020

Background: Oxytocin is a well-known central nervous system mediator in social-related behaviors and stress management. Oxytocin has also been shown to prevent withdrawal symptoms of opioids in animal studies. Group interactions with emotion sharing have been shown to result in an increase in endogenous oxytocin. Although abrupt discontinuation of methadone in opioid substitution therapy is not routinely recommended, it might result in severe withdrawal symptoms and relapse in cases that there is a clinical justification for quitting methadone. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the role of oxytocin and group interactions, combined or independently, in abrupt discontinuation of methadone in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cases, where there had been a reasonable clinical judgment to cease medication. Methods: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, four groups of participants who were on methadone treatment for more than six months received either oxytocin or placebo and marathon group therapy or routine group therapy upon abrupt discontinuation of methadone. The participants were monitored for opioid withdrawal symptoms, depression, and anxiety during a four-month follow-up program. The participants were also screened by urine tests for lapses. Results: Administration of oxytocin combined with marathon group activity, with highly emotional content, resulted in less craving (P < 0.000) and withdrawal symptoms (P < 0.000) compared to placebo and non-marathon group intervention in different combinations, irrespective of methadone dose and age. The same combination also resulted in continued participation in group therapy for a longer period (P < 0.000). Additionally, the same combination was effective in improving mental health, as measured by the Beck Anxiety (P < 0.002) and Beck depression (P < 0.014) inventories. Conclusions: In order to prevent methadone craving and withdrawal symptoms and sustained abstinence, group therapy with a highly emotional theme appears to be an essential factor for the manifestation of oxytocin effects in the brain.
Reconstruir la identidad de aprendiz en la FP. El efecto de las experiencias escolares y las culturas de enseñanza en la construcción identitaria
Authors: Tarabini Aina , Jacovkis Judith , Curran Marta
Published: September 2020

La Formación Profesional en España sigue siendo una vía formativa escasamente desarrollada y prestigiada, a pesar de los importantes avances que se han registrado en los últimos años. El Grado Medio, en particular, presenta unos niveles de oferta y demanda muy inferiores a los de Bachillerato. Además, en términos globales, escolariza a un porcentaje mucho mayor de jóvenes de bajo estatus socioeconómico y cultural y con trayectorias de fracaso o desvinculación escolar durante la ESO. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo construyen su identidad de aprendices los alumnos de FP en base a sus experiencias escolares y formativas -tanto anteriores como presentes- y a sus proyecciones de futuro. El análisis ha seguido una metodología cualitativa basada en 42 entrevistas en profundidad con estudiantes del primer curso de FP de Grado Medio en Barcelona. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, que la identidad de aprendices de los estudiantes de FP parte de una experiencia en la escolarización obligatoria mayormente negativa. Ésta, a su vez, se basa en una concepción pública de los mismos como malos estudiantes. Por otro lado, muestran la emergencia de procesos de resignificación de la identidad durante los estudios de FP basados en el reconocimiento y dignificación de los conocimientos prácticos que articulan las culturas de enseñanza y aprendizaje de esta vía formativa. En conjunto, el artículo contribuye a avanzar en el estudio de las identidades de los estudiantes como un elemento clave para comprender las desigualdades educativas.
Cómo se calma al primo en la ESO: la externalización a PCPI y la subjetivación de la selección escolar
Authors: Rujas Javier
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza el proceso de externalización a los PCPI desde la ESO. Describe las negociaciones, interacciones y estrategias que implica, los actores que intervienen y sus efectos subjetivos en los estudiantes. Parte de un estudio etnográfico en un instituto público de Madrid, basado en documentación, observación participante y entrevistas a alumnos y al equipo del centro. La propuesta de derivación a un dispositivo de cualificación profesional fuera de la ESO supone una degradación de estatus para los alumnos, definidos como incapaces de acabar la educación obligatoria. Se adaptan a ello de forma distinta según el deterioro previo de su situación e identidad escolar: viven la externalización como un alivio o un fracaso; la aceptan o se resisten a ella. El trabajo de cooling out realizado por los docentes y orientadores, en colaboración o en tensión con amigos y padres, acaba logrando que el alumno acepte su degradación y recomponga su identidad. Los estudiantes externalizados interiorizan la selección escolar: acaban percibiendo la externalización como la opción más razonable, representándosela a posteriori como una elección individual. Este proceso se refleja también en la elección de la especialidad del PCPI, que escogen, entre otras razones, tratando de compensar la degradación y prevenir futuros fracasos.
A Proposal for Determining a Diagnostic Cutoff Value of a New Ultrasonographic Index of Retronychia Inversely Correlating with Disease Severity
Authors: Göktay Fatih , Soydan Levent , Kaynak Emre , Akpolat Nebahat Demet , Haneke Eckart
Published: September 2020

Background

Ultrasonography has demonstrated a shortening of the distance between the origin of the nail plate and the base of the distal phalanx in retronychia. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and ultrasonographic features of retronychia.

Methods

We evaluated the clinical findings in 18 patients with retronychia, along with the ratio of ultrasonographic distance a, extending between the nail plate origin and the base of the distal phalanx, to distance b, perpendicular to distance a, extending between the nail plate origin and the upper margin of the distal phalanx.

Results

Retronychia was present in 26 nails. The mean ± SD distance a was 7.66 ± 1.64 mm and distance b was 3.56 ± 1.95 mm. The mean ± SD a/b ratio was 2.59 ± 1.11. There was a significant inverse correlation between a/b ratio and clinical severity (Pearson correlation = –0.668; P < .001). The cutoff value of this ratio was 3.319, with specificity of 90% and sensitivity of 69%.

Conclusions

The ratio of distance a/distance b and the cutoff value of this ratio may help in making the diagnosis, in objectively determining the disease severity, and in selecting a patient-specific treatment approach.
Expansion of the circadian transcriptome in Brassica rapa and genome-wide diversification of paralog expression patterns
Authors: Greenham Kathleen , Sartor Ryan C , Zorich Stevan , Lou Ping , Mockler Todd C , McClung C Robertson
Published: September 2020

An important challenge of crop improvement strategies is assigning function to paralogs in polyploid crops. Here we describe the circadian transcriptome in the polyploid crop Brassica rapa. Strikingly, almost three-quarters of the expressed genes exhibited circadian rhythmicity. Genetic redundancy resulting from whole genome duplication is thought to facilitate evolutionary change through sub- and neo-functionalization among paralogous gene pairs. We observed genome-wide expansion of the circadian expression phase among retained paralogous pairs. Using gene regulatory network models, we compared transcription factor targets between B. rapa and Arabidopsis circadian networks to reveal evidence for divergence between B. rapa paralogs that may be driven in part by variation in conserved non-coding sequences (CNS). Additionally, differential drought response among retained paralogous pairs suggests further functional diversification. These findings support the rapid expansion and divergence of the transcriptional network in a polyploid crop and offer a new approach for assessing paralog activity at the transcript level.
Metabolomics analysis identifies metabolites associated with systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gao Hang , Zhou Qian , Yang Liu , Zhang Kaili , Ma Yeye , Xu Zi-Qin
Published: September 2020

Background

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a type of plant defense response that provides a long-lasting resistance to broad-spectrum pathogens in uninfected distal tissues following an initial localized infection. However, little information is available at present on the biological basis of SAR at the molecular level, especially in uninfected distal leaves.

Methods

In the present work, we used two SAR-inducing pathogens, avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 harboring avrRpm1 (Psm avrRpm1) and virulent P. syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 (Psm ES4326), to induce SAR in Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) was used to identify SAR-related metabolites in infected local leaves, and in uninfected distal leaves.

Results

Differentially accumulated metabolites were distinguished by statistical analyses. The results showed that both the primary metabolism and the secondary metabolism were significantly altered in infected local leaves and in uninfected distal leaves, including phenolic compounds, amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, and many other metabolites.

Conclusions

The content of amino acids and phenolic compounds increased in uninfected distal leaves, suggesting their contribution to the establishment of SAR. In addition, 2′-hydroxy-4, 4′, 6′-trimethoxychalcone, phenylalanine, and p-coumaric acid were identified as potential components which may play important roles both in basic resistance and in SAR. This work provides a reference for understanding of the metabolic mechanism associated with SAR in plants, which will be useful for further investigation of the molecular basis of the systemic immunity.
The nine ADAMs family members serve as potential biomarkers for immune infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qi Bing , Liu Han , Dong Ying , Shi Xueying , Zhou Qi , Zeng Fen , Bao Nabuqi , Li Qian , Yuan Yuan , Yao Lei , Xia Shilin
Published: September 2020

Background

The functional significance of ADAMs family members in the immune infiltration of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) awaits elucidation.

Methods

ADAMs family members with significant expression were identified among differentially expressed genes of PAAD based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database followed by a verification based on the Oncomine database. The correlation of ADAMs in PAAD was estimated with the Spearman’s rho value. The pathway enrichment of ADAMs was performed by STRING and GSEALite, respectively. The protein–protein interaction and Gene Ontology analyses of ADAMs and their similar genes were exanimated in STRING and visualized by Cytoscape. Subsequently, the Box-Whisker plot was used to show a correlation between ADAMs and different tumor grade 1/2/3/4 with Student’s t-test. TIMER was applied to estimate a correlation of ADAMs expressions with immune infiltrates and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy-related molecules. Furthermore, the effect of copy number variation (CNV) of ADAMs genes was assessed on the immune infiltration levels.

Result

ADAM8/9/10/12/15/19/28/TS2/TS12 were over-expressed in PAAD. Most of the nine ADAMs had a significant correlation. ADAM8/12/15/19 expression was remarkably increased in the comparison between grade 1 and grade 2/3 of PAAD. ADAM8/9/10/12/19/28/TS2/TS12 had a positive correlation with almost five immune infiltrates. ADAM12/19/TS2/TS12 dramatically related with ICB immunotherapy-related molecules. CNV of ADAMs genes potentially influenced the immune infiltration levels.

Conclusion

Knowledge of the expression level of the ADAMs family could provide a reasonable strategy for improved immunotherapies to PAAD.
Peliosis Hepatis and Iron Deficiency – An Interesting Case Report
Authors: Anne Anvita , Suryadevara Bharath , Ramineni Spoorthi , Bandi Varun Kumar
Published: September 2020

Peliosis hepatis (PH) is a rare condition showing presence of multiple blood‑filled cystic cavities in the liver. It does not have any gender predilection, and is suspected to be idiopathic. However, in patients with predisposing diseases, its prevalence can range from 0.2 to 22%. The association between PH and anemia has not been completely established. PH has been reported in a patients with hematologic disease, and also in patient with spherocytic haemolytic anemia. It is also suggested that acute sequestration of blood can happen in these sinusoidal cavities, which can lead to development of anemia and thrombocytopenia. We present a case of 40-year female who presented with abdominal pain and recurrent iron deficiency anemia. On examination, she was severely pale, and had moderate hepatosplenomegaly. Ultrasonography showed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, and her blood investigations revealed severe iron deficiency with bone marrow showing hypercellular marrow with depleted iron stores. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was normal. Liver biopsy showed changes suggestive of peliosis hepatis. She was treated with iron and multiple blood transfusions and is in good health 6 months post presentation. Also, the association between anemia and PH has not been established.
Economic Analysis of Gas Reinjection for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Case Study of the Niger Delta
Authors: E. Sampson, Ibinye , U. Akpabio, Julius , I. Anyadiagwu, Charles
Published: September 2020

The instability of crude oil prices at the international market which results in revenue drop to oil and gas operators, the high cost of drilling multiple injection wells and installing gas reinjection systems in a bid to improve recovery of crude oil, have been of great concern to the Petroleum Industry. The Economic viability of Gas Reinjection for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) (as against the gas flaring operation) was analyzed with 7 wells located onshore, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The production history and reservoir data were gathered with which the cost analyses were conducted. Two scenarios involving seven production wells were evaluated. The first was converting two of the production wells to gas injection wells and producing from the remaining 5 production wells (IN2PROD5) and the other was injecting gas in two newly drilled injection wells and producing from the seven production wells (INJ2PROD7). It was shown that (INJ2PROD5) is a preferred option in extending the productive life of an otherwise depleted and uneconomic oilfield, having higher Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of -$53MM, 0.93 and 27.40% while the INJ2PROD7 had $161MM, 1.39 and 37.75% at discounted rate of 30% respectively. After subjecting the expected net revenues under various crude oil price sensitivity market vagaries, INJ2PROD5 will stand the test of time as it is less expensive and yielded a higher gross profit which is the major factor in any investment decision making.
Neurometry Applied to Three Points Used for Positive Impulse in Auriculotherapy
Authors: Suliano Lirane Carneiro , Kaniak Regeane de Pol , Lopes Sandra Silvério- , Jorge Maria Lúcia S. G.
Published: September 2020

The auricular acupuncture is the therapeutic applied in the microsystem of outer ear. In this area, the local innervations stimulate the brain regions resulting in diagnostic and treatment system. There are three auricular acupuncture points used together as positive impulse to the therapy: Shen men (SHM), Kidney (K), Autonomic Nervous System (sympathetic) (ANS). Neurometry is the neuroscience tool that uses computing to observe, through images, the brain's response to external stimuli. Our aim is to identify the brain answers to the three auricular acupuncture points used together, SHM, K, ANS through the neurometry. It was observed three volunteers during four different moments: in the beginning, before the procedure; 15 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours after the needles application. Central nervous system effects, physical health patterns, emotional exhaustion, anxiety control, blood flow, respiratory and cardio functional changes were recorded.

We conclude that the chosen points positively interfere in the control of anxiety, in the cardio-functional system, in the sympathetic nervous system and in parasympathetic functional oxygenation and that neurometry is qualified for further studies on the subject.
Psychotropic medication use patterns in home-based primary care: A scoping review
Authors: Vadiei Nina , Howe Carol L. , Zerr Beth , Ladziak Nicholas , Fain Mindy J. , Lee Jeannie K.
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Up to a third of patients seen by home-based primary care (HBPC) providers suffer from mental health problems. These conditions tend to be underrecognized and undertreated for patients receiving HBPC. The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate current psychotropic use patterns for patients receiving HBPC services.

Methods

The following databases were searched for articles reporting on studies conducted in HBPC settings that identified patterns of psychotropic medication prescription and use: Ovid/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. Studies that only reported on patients in hospice, rehabilitation, or long-term care facilities were excluded as were drug trials, opinion pieces, case studies, case series, meeting abstracts, and other reviews.

Results

Of 4542 articles initially identified, 74 were selected for full text screening. Of these, only 2 met full criteria and were included in the data extraction and analysis. In 1 study, 41.7% patients enrolled were prescribed an antidepressant, 21.5% were prescribed an antipsychotic (12.7% prescribed both), and 5% to 7% of patients were prescribed benzodiazepines/hypnotics. In the other study, 9% of patients were prescribed an antipsychotic, and 7% were prescribed a benzodiazepine.

Discussion

There are extremely limited data on psychotropic prescribing patterns in HBPC in published studies. Because a significant number of HBPC patients suffer from mental health conditions in addition to other chronic illnesses, treatment can be complex. More studies are needed on current psychotropic prescribing trends to help determine what type of interventions are needed to promote patient safety in this setting.
Development of an innovative adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder clinic
Authors: Lee Kelly C. , Kim Estelle , Kim Jaye , Malcolm Benjamin , Kuo Grace M. , Bird Anne , Feifel David
Published: September 2020

Pharmacist-psychiatrist collaborative clinic models in specialty mental health clinics are limited, and there has been only 1 report of a clinic focused on adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this article, we describe the successful implementation of a pharmacist-psychiatrist collaborative practice agreement in an adult ADHD clinic at an academic medical center. Adult patients diagnosed with ADHD after a comprehensive assessment, including a full neuropsychological evaluation, were enrolled in the collaborative treatment clinic. The collaboration was a partnership between a psychiatry department and a school of pharmacy at a public university. We report the details of 58 patients and 774 patient encounters at the collaborative pharmacist-psychiatrist practice from March 2015 through June 2018. The visits were billed using traditional medical billing codes for follow-up visits. Pharmacist practice opportunities included psychiatric evaluation, medication management, counseling, and referral to auxiliary services. Challenges to the clinic's success included limited pharmacist time, prescriptive authority, and reimbursement for services from payors. A collaborative practice model targeted at adult ADHD patients may be a unique clinic setting for psychiatric pharmacists.
Voltage‐gating of aquaporins, a putative conserved safety mechanism during ionic stresses
Authors: Mom Robin , Muries Beatriz , Benoit Pierrick , Robert‐Paganin Julien , Réty Stéphane , Venisse Jean‐Stéphane , Padua Agilio , Label Philippe , Auguin Daniel
Published: September 2020

Aquaporins are transmembrane water channels found in almost every living organism. Numerous studies have brought a good understanding of both water transport through their pores and the regulations taking place at the molecular level, but subtleties remain to be clarified. Recently, a voltage‐related gating mechanism involving the conserved arginine of the channel’s main constriction was captured for human aquaporins through molecular dynamics studies. With a similar approach, we show that this voltage‐gating could be conserved among this family and that the underlying mechanism could explain part of plant AQPs diversity when contextualized to high ionic concentrations provoked by drought. Finally, we identified residues as adaptive traits which constitute good targets for drought resistance plant breeding research.
DNA‐Based Strategies for Site‐Specific Doping
Authors: Bai Ruobing , Du Yanhao , Xu Anqin , Hu Yang , Erickson John R , Hui Liwei , Chen Jun , Xiong Feng , Liu Haitao
Published: September 2020

The development of novel doping strategies compatible with high‐resolution patterning and low cost, large‐scale manufacturing is critical to the future development of electronic devices. Here, an approach to achieve nanoscale site‐specific doping of Si wafer using DNA as both the template and the dopant carrier is reported. Upon thermal treatment, the phosphorous atoms in the DNA diffuse into Si wafer, resulting in doping within the region right around the DNA template. A doping length of 30 nm is achieved for 10 s of thermal treatment at 1000 °C. Prototype field effect transistors are fabricated using the DNA‐doped Si substrate; the device characteristics confirmed that the Si is n‐doped. It is also shown that this approach can be extended to achieve both n‐type and p‐type site‐specific doping of Si by using DNA nanostructures to pattern self‐assembled monolayers. This work shows that the DNA template is a dual‐use template that can both pattern Si and deliver dopants.
Stimuli‐Responsive Biomaterials: Scaffolds for Stem Cell Control
Authors: Gelmi Amy , Schutt Carolyn E.
Published: September 2020

Stem cell fate is closely intertwined with microenvironmental and endogenous cues within the body. Recapitulating this dynamic environment ex vivo can be achieved through engineered biomaterials which can respond to exogenous stimulation (including light, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and magnetic fields) to deliver temporal and spatial cues to stem cells. These stimuli‐responsive biomaterials can be integrated into scaffolds to investigate stem cell response in vitro and in vivo, and offer many pathways of cellular manipulation: biochemical cues, scaffold property changes, drug release, mechanical stress, and electrical signaling. The aim of this review is to assess and discuss the current state of exogenous stimuli‐responsive biomaterials, and their application in multipotent stem cell control. Future perspectives in utilizing these biomaterials for personalized tissue engineering and directing organoid models are also discussed.
Induced Transparency with Optical Cavities
Authors: Qin Haoye , Ding Ming , Yin Yiheng
Published: September 2020

Induced transparency, an interference effect due to mode coupling, has attracted significant research interest. The first discovered and most striking type of induced transparency plays electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic systems. Optical cavities serve as a more ideal and feasible platform for realizing the effects of induced transparency, which leads to considerable demonstrations in theory and experiments. This review provides a run‐through of research findings on different types of induced transparency phenomenon, including, inter alia, EIT, optomechanically induced transparency, plasmon‐induced transparency, Brillouin scattering induced transparency, optically induced transparency, photothermally induced transparency, and dipole‐induced transparency. Their mechanisms, developments, techniques, and applications are discussed in detail. Most importantly, the emerging area of induced transparency at exceptional points is analyzed for its great promise. The last section presents a brief summary and perspective of induced transparency with optical cavities.
Leveraging Immunotherapy with Nanomedicine
Authors: Mittelheisser Vincent , Banerjee Mainak , Pivot Xavier , Charbonnière Loïc J. , Goetz Jacky , Detappe Alexandre
Published: September 2020

Considerable progress has been made in the development and understanding of immunotherapy, notably with the emergence of novel chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐T) which changed the perception of personalized therapy. However, cell‐based immunotherapy not only lacks therapeutic efficiency in various solid cancers but also raises concerns related to important side effects. The convergence of immunotherapy and nanomedicine is timely as nanoparticles can now be easily conjugated to various antibodies and peptides enabling outstanding abilities to target specific cell populations in vivo. Here, the state of the art of immunonanotherapy that activates the immune system in vivo, by acting either as vaccines or as tumor microenvironment (TME) activators is described. Then, the development of ex vivo immune‐cell surface labeling strategies is discussed to exploit immune cells as trojan horses and thereby improving the delivery of the therapeutics in the TME. Such a strategy is likely to considerably amplify the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Impacts of variable irrigation regimes on cotton yield and fiber quality
Authors: Masasi Blessing , Taghvaeian Saleh , Boman Randy , Moriasi Daniel N. , Starks Patrick J.
Published: September 2020

Water scarcity threatens the sustainability of irrigated cotton production in many regions around the world. Consequently, there is a critical need to identify and test strategies that optimize water use for cotton production. This 4‐yr study evaluated the effects of three irrigation treatments (full irrigation [FI], reduced irrigation [RI] at 75% of FI, and no irrigation [NI]) on cotton yield, fiber quality, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) at a field that relies on groundwater for irrigation in west‐central Oklahoma. Compared with FI, lint and seed yields did not change significantly under RI. The reductions in lint and seed yields were significant at 64 and 65% under NI, respectively, compared with FI. No significant differences in fiber quality were observed among the irrigation treatments. In addition, reducing irrigation application improved the IWUE of lint and seed by 9 and 8%, respectively. Based on these findings, reducing groundwater extraction by 25% appears to be an effective strategy to achieve water conservation while limiting negative impacts on yield quantity and quality for cotton production in west‐central Oklahoma.
Cross‐stream migration of nonspherical particles in second‐order fluid flows: Effect of flow profiles
Authors: Tai Cheng‐Wei , Wang Shiyan , Narsimhan Vivek
Published: September 2020

We investigate the cross‐stream migration of spheroidal particles in a weakly viscoelastic fluid under various unbound parabolic flows (circular and elliptic tube flow, as well as 2D slit flow). The viscoelastic fluid investigated is a second‐order fluid under the co‐rotational limit. Our theory finds that the different flow profiles do not significantly alter the migration speed of particles toward the flow centerline, but drastically alter their orientation dynamics. At long times, prolate particles align along the flow direction in a circular tube flow, but undergo log‐rolling in a 2D slit flow. We explain the origin of these orientation dynamics, and explain why such behavior can give rise to a similar cross‐stream migration velocity. We lastly examine particle motion in an unbound elliptic tube flow with unequal velocity curvature in the two lateral directions. We quantify the conditions under which the long‐time particle orientation changes from log‐rolling to flow‐alignment.
Materialuntersuchungen zu 3‐D‐gedruckten Kernen für Dünnglaspaneele
Authors: Köhler Mirko , Pfarr Daniel , Lohr Katharina , Tasche Silke , Louter Christian
Published: September 2020

Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt ein neuartiges Konzept für den Einsatz von Dünnglas im Glas‐ und Fassadenbau. Einleitend werden grundlegende Eigenschaften von Dünnglas vorgestellt und Konsequenzen für den Einsatz im Bauwesen abgeleitet. Im Weiteren wird die Idee einer möglichen innovativen Anwendung von Dünnglas präsentiert. Vielversprechend erscheint der Einsatz in Dünnglaspaneelen mit 3‐D‐gedruckten, eingeklebten und aussteifenden Kunststoffkernen. Erste kleinmaßstäbliche Prototypen und Designstudien wurden in einer Reihe von Masterarbeiten an der TU Delft untersucht. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bestätigten das Potenzial von Dünnglas im Bauwesen. Aktuelle Untersuchungen am Institut für Baukonstruktion der TU Dresden beinhalten die Fortführung und Weiterentwicklung dieser Arbeiten. Auszugsweise werden hier erste Ergebnisse für 3‐D‐gedruckte Kunststoffkerne im Hinblick auf Material‐ und drucktechnische Eigenschaften sowie Anforderungen vorgestellt. Erkenntnisse zur reproduzierbaren Druckqualität und Formfindung ergänzen anschaulich die Ausführungen. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Dünnglaspaneele mit eingeklebten, 3‐D‐gedruckten Kernen ein vielversprechendes Konzept für den Bau von leichten Fassadenelementen darstellen.
Morphological features of the lateral plantar ligament of the transverse metatarsal arch
Authors: Edama Mutsuaki , Takabayashi Tomoya , Hirabayashi Ryo , Yokota Hirotake , Sekine Chie , Inai Takuma , Matsuzawa Kanta , Otsuki Tomofumi , Maruyama Sae , Kageyama Ikuo
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to elucidate the morphological characteristics of the lateral Lisfranc ligament in a large sample. This investigation examined 100 legs from 50 cadavers. Each of the lower limbs was dissected to identify the plantar aspect of the transverse metatarsal arch, and morphological characteristics of the lateral plantar ligament were assessed, including the length, width, and thickness of the fiber bundles. The majority of plantar ligaments originated from the base of M5 and the plantar aspect of the lateral cuneiform (LC). The lateral plantar ligament could be classified into three types: Type I, a band‐like fiber bundle originating from the base of M5 to the LC (41%); Type II, originating from the base of M5 and the plantar aspect of LC and mostly connected the blending the fiber bundles of the tibialis posterior (TP) and long plantar ligament (LPL) (21%); and Type III, with no ligaments originating from the base of M5 and plantar aspect of the LC (38%). The morphological characteristics of Type I lateral plantar ligament were as follows: length, 31.8 ± 3.7 mm; width, 2.3 ± 1.0 mm; and thickness, 0.2 ± 0.3 mm. The morphology of the lateral plantar ligament showed variation, originating from the base of M5 and the plantar aspect of LC most commonly, but this was not the case in 38% of limbs. The findings suggest that the lateral plantar ligament might play a role in the transverse tarsal arch, indicating a cooperative mechanism with the TP and LPL.
Cervicofacial flap for reconstruction of squamous cell carcinoma on the right cheek: A case report
Authors: Ebisudani Shogo
Published: September 2020

Reconstruction of the cheek to the lower eyelid can be performed with the use of a cervicofacial flap in patients that may not otherwise be able to sustain a long surgical procedure. In addition, the cervicofacial flap is superior in terms of color and texture match.
An energy‐aware method for task allocation in the Internet of things using a hybrid optimization algorithm
Authors: Ren Xiaojun , Zhang Zhijun , Chen Shaochun , Abnoosian Karlo
Published: September 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) is utilized as an emerging sample for defining the future of technology in which physical items like sensors, radio‐frequency identification tags, mobile phones, actuators, and so on, can have interaction together and have cooperation with their neighbors for obtaining joint objectives. The performance of the deployed tasks and applications on the network is considered as one of the critical goals in this model, which is achieved by the task allocation mechanism. Task allocation in the IoT is so complicated due to the intricate connection among machines. The task allocation problem is considered as an NP‐hard problem, so a new task allocation algorithm in the IoT environment is proposed using the combination of Simulated Annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Also, the issues of the PSO algorithm, such as getting stuck in local optimization and not achieving an optimal response, forced us to present a method based on the combination of SA and the PSO algorithms. The results of simulation in MATLAB environment illustrated that the suggested method performs better compared to the PSO and SA‐based methods.
An efficient deadline constrained and data locality aware dynamic scheduling framework for multitenancy clouds
Authors: Ru Jia , Yang Yun , Grundy John , Keung Jacky , Hao Li
Published: September 2020

Scheduling and resource allocation in clouds is used to harness the power of the underlying resource pool. Service providers can meet quality of service (QoS) requirements of tenants specified in Service Level Agreements. Improving resource allocation ensures that all tenants will receive fairer access to system resources, which improves overall utilization and throughput. Real‐time applications and services require critical deadlines in order to guarantee QoS. A growing number of data‐intensive applications drive the optimization of scheduling through utilizing data locality in which the scheduler locates a task and ensures the task's relevant data to be on the same server. Choosing suitable scheduling mechanisms for running applications that support multitenancy has consistently been a major challenge. This work proposes a new adaptive Deadline constrained and Data locality aware Dynamic Scheduling Framework “ 3DSF“ that orchestrates different schedulers based on varied requirements. This framework considers tenants' deadline‐based QoS requirements, cloud system's performance and a method of resource allocation to improve resource utilization, system throughput and reduce jobs' completion time. 3DSF contains: (a) a real‐time, preemptive, deadline constrained job scheduler, (b) an optimized data locality aware scheduler, (c) an improved Dominant Resource Fairness greedy resource allocation approach, and (d) an adaptive suite to integrate above‐mentioned schedulers together.