bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inorganic Fertilization Effects on the Structure of a Calcareous Silt Loam Soil
Authors: Zhou Hu , Fang Huan , Hu Chunsheng , Mooney Sacha Jon , Dong Wenxu , Peng Xinhua
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

Long‐term inorganic fertilization decreased aggregate stability.

Long‐term inorganic fertilization decreased soil macroporosity.

Long‐term inorganic fertilization did not change soil organic C content.

Soil water‐holding capacity was not affected by inorganic fertilization.

Swine manure combined with inorganic fertilizers improved soil structure.

Inorganic fertilizers have been intensely used in the North China Plain (NCP) to maintain or increase crop yields, but their effects on soil physical properties, especially soil structure, are unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 12 yr of successive application of inorganic fertilization on soil aggregate stability, pore structure, and hydraulic properties of a calcareous silt loam soil. A long‐term field experiment (2001–2013) was established at Luancheng Ecosystem Station, NCP. The experiment included three fertilization treatments: (i) inorganic fertilizer, NPK; (ii) inorganic fertilizer and organic manure, NPKOM; and (iii) a control treatment with no fertilizer, CK. Results showed plots receiving long‐term NPK and NPKOM had significantly greater wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (275 and 307%, respectively) and maize (Zea mays L.) yields (59 and 107%, respectively) than the control. However, the application of inorganic fertilizer significantly decreased aggregate stability and macroporosity, by 55.3 and 36.1%, respectively, relative to the control. No differences in soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density (BD), saturated conductivity (Ks), and water‐holding capacity were found between the NPK and the CK treatments. On the other hand, the addition of organic manure with inorganic fertilizers increased SOC, total porosity, and saturated conductivity by 38.5, 5.2, and 75%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. This study indicated inorganic fertilization alone could not improve soil structure of the calcareous silt loam, although it maintained high yields. Use of organic amendments along with inorganic fertilizers can improve soil structure and crop yields.
Sandy Soil Microaggregates: Rethinking Our Understanding of Hydraulic Function
Authors: Paradiś Ashley , Brueck Christopher , Meisenheimer Douglas , Wanzek Thomas , Dragila Maria Ines
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

Sandy soil microaggregates are comprised of a solid sand core encrusted with fines.

Thick films control a significant proportion of water retention in coarse sandy soil.

Three water pools drain sequentially: capillary water, thick films, and adsorptive films.

Film seepage rates should be considered when irrigating sandy soil.

This study investigated the peculiar structure of microaggregates in coarse sandy soils that exhibit only external porosity and investigated their control on soil hydrology. The microstructure underpins a hydrologic existence that differs from finer textured soils where aggregates have internal porosity. Understanding the impact of these microaggregates on soil hydrology will permit improved agricultural irrigation management and estimates associated with ecosystem capacity and resiliency. Microstructure was investigated using a digital microscope, and aspects of the structure were quantified by sedimentation and computed microtomography. Sandy soil microaggregates were observed to be comprised of a solid sand‐grain core that is coated with fines, presumably cemented by organic media. This microstructure leads to three distinct water pools during drainage: capillary water, followed by thick films (1–20 μm) enveloping the outer surfaces of the crusted microaggregates, followed by adsorbed thin films (<1 μm). The characteristics of the thick films were investigated using an analytical model. These films may provide as much as 10 to 40% saturation in the range of plant‐available water. Using lubrication theory, it was predicted that thick film drainage follows a power law function with an exponent of 2. Thick films may also have a role in the geochemical evolution of soils and in ecosystem function because they provide contiguous water and gas phases at relatively high moisture contents. And, because the rough outer crust of these microaggregates can provide good niches for microbial activity, biofilm physics will dominate thick film processes, and consequently hydrologic, biologic, and geochemical functions for coarse sandy soils.
Spatial Distribution of Organic Matter Compounds at Intact Macropore Surfaces Predicted by DRIFT Spectroscopy
Authors: Leue Martin , Eckhardt Kai-Uwe , Gerke Horst H. , Ellerbrock Ruth H. , Leinweber Peter
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

Clay coatings in Bt horizons are enriched in heterocyclic organic matter compounds.

The enrichment results from preferential transport in the soil macropore network.

These compounds probably originate from long‐term humification and biomass combustion.

Py‐FIMS and DRIFT spectroscopy approach enables millimeter‐scale spatial characterization.

The illuvial Bt horizon of Luvisols is characterized by coatings of clay and organic matter (OM) at the surfaces of cracks and biopore walls. The occurrence and distribution of OM compounds such as heterocyclic N compounds (NCOMP) and benzonitrile and naphthalene (BN+NA) in macropore coatings could have important effects on preferential transport processes in structured soil. The objective of this study was to estimate the millimeter‐scale distribution of NCOMP and BN+NA at intact surfaces of coated and uncoated cracks, pinholes, and burrow walls. The proportions of NCOMP and BN+NA in OM were determined by pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS) from disturbed material that was manually separated from the intact sample surfaces. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode (DRIFT) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) between DRIFT signals and Py‐FIMS data were used to generate millimeter‐scale maps of predicted NCOMP and BN+NA proportions at intact macropore surfaces. The NCOMP and BN+NA proportions were linearly related to C=O and C=C groups from OM and to O–H groups from clay minerals in DRIFT spectra. The millimeter‐scale distribution of NCOMP and BN+NA at intact macropore surfaces could be predicted in terms of relative differences among the macropore types. Increased NCOMP and BN+NA proportions corresponded to the spatial distribution of crack coatings and pinholes. The relative enrichment suggested that pyrogenic OM has been preferentially transported in cracks rather than in biopores and that it was stabilized by clay minerals and prevented from decomposition. The results indicated that preferential transport affects OM turnover processes in the subsoil.
PENDIDIKAN PRALAHIR: MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN ANAK DENGAN BACAAN AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Kusrinah Kusrinah
Published: September 2017

Pendidikan anak dimulai sejak masih dalam kandungan sebab masa-masa selanjutnya sangat ditentukan oleh masa anak dalam kandungan. Semenjak dalam kandungan janin sudah me­lewati proses belajar. Janin sudah mulai bisa mendengar de­ngan jelas pada usia enam bulan dalam kandungan sehingga ia dapat meng­gerak-gerakkan tubuhnya sesuai dengan irama nada suara ibunya. Al-Qur’an adalah mukjizat yang telah Allah jamin kemurniannya hingga hari kiamat kelak. Ada banyak kemuliaan dan kebaikan yang ada dalam al-Qur’an, salah satunya adalah al-Qur’an dapat merangsang otak anak dan meningkatkan intelegensinya. Hal ini disebabkan karena bacaan al-Qur’an yang dibaca dengan tartil dan sesuai dengan tajwidnya memiliki frekuensi dan pan­jang gelombang yang mampu mempengaruhi otak secara positif dan mengembalikan keseimbangan dalam tubuh. Al-Qur’an memberikan pengaruh besar jika diperdengarkan kepada bayi.
Fluoride and nitrate adsorption from water by Fe(III)-doped scoria: optimizing using response surface modeling, kinetic and equilibrium study
Authors: Pirsaheb Meghdad , Mohammadi Heshmat , Sharafi Kiomars , Asadi Anvar
Published: September 2017

The Fe(III)-doped Scoria was prepared to examine its potential use as an efficient sorbent for removal of fluoride and nitrate from water. Structure and morphology of raw scoria (RS) and Fe(III)-doped scoria (FeS) were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A four-factor central composite design combined with response surface modeling (RSM) was employed for maximizing fluoride and nitrate removal based on 30 different experimental data obtained in a batch system. At optimum condition, the maximum removal of fluoride and nitrate were 78.36% and 81.4%, respectively. The kinetic of fluoride and nitrate adsorption onto RS and FeS were followed the pseudo-first-order with high determination coefficient values (R2 > 0.997). The isotherm data of fluoride was fitted with the Freundlich model, whereas equilibrium data of nitrate are better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of Fe(III)-doped scoria for fluoride and nitrate were 0.317 and 11.3 mg/g, respectively. In conclusion, Fe(III)-doped scoria is recommended as an economic and efficient sorbent for nitrate and fluoride removal from contaminated water.
AMBIVALENSI: CARA BARU MEMAHAMI IDENTITAS POST-KOLONIALISME BUDAYA INDONESIA
Authors: Harahap Muharina
Published: September 2017

Buku ini memuat kumpulan sembilan esai yang membicarakan tentang poskolonial dengan fokus pada perbincangan mengenai ambivalensi. Ke-ambivalensi-an tersebut masing-masing memiliki aspek yang berbeda-beda. Pembicaraan tersebut berpusat pada konsep mimikri, hibriditas, ‘ruang antara’, hegemoni, resistensi, dan sebagainya. Konsep-konsep tersebut dijadikan alat untuk membedah serangkaian wacana poskolonial mulai dari musik hingga yang terkait dengan agama.
Proyecto de Acuerdo: Por el cual se dictan varias disposiciones sobre adquisición de terrenos con destino a un parque municipal y a la construcción de escuelas primarias, con motivo del Primer Centenario de la Fundación de la Ciudad. Julio de 1950, Jorge Roa Martínez, Alcalde.
Authors: Revista de Historia y Política Ciencia Nueva
Published: September 2017

N/A
Type 1 Interferons Potentiate Human CD8+ T-Cell Cytotoxicity Through a STAT4- and Granzyme B–Dependent Pathway
Authors: Newby Brittney N. , Brusko Todd M. , Zou Baiming , Atkinson Mark A. , Clare-Salzler Michael , Mathews Clayton E.
Published: September 2017

Events defining the progression to human type 1 diabetes (T1D) have remained elusive owing to the complex interaction between genetics, the immune system, and the environment. Type 1 interferons (T1-IFN) are known to be a constituent of the autoinflammatory milieu within the pancreas of patients with T1D. However, the capacity of IFNα/β to modulate human activated autoreactive CD8+ T-cell (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) responses within the islets of patients with T1D has not been investigated. Here, we engineer human β-cell–specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and demonstrate that T1-IFN augments cytotoxicity by inducing rapid phosphorylation of STAT4, resulting in direct binding at the granzyme B promoter within 2 h of exposure. The current findings provide novel insights concerning the regulation of effector function by T1-IFN in human antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells and provide a mechanism by which the presence of T1-IFN potentiates diabetogenicity within the autoimmune islet.
Determinación de propiedades fisicoquímicas de propóleos provenientes de cinco especies de abejas sin aguijón de Norte de Santander-Colombia
Authors: Silva Rojas Milena , Torres Alexandra , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2017

En el presente trabajo se realizó la determinación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas a muestras de propóleo recolectado por cinco especies de abejas sin aguijón: Melipona favosa favosa, Melipona fuscipes, Trigona (Frieseomelitta) nigra paupera, Trigona (Tetragosnisca) angustula, Scaptrotrigona sp. y la especie Apis mellifera, presentes en el Departamento de Norte de Santander- Colombia. Los análisis realizados son algunos de los establecidos en la norma rusa RST-RSFSR-317-77, la AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), y la Reglamentación del Ministerio de Agricultura de Brasil (Reglamento Técnico para fijar la identidad y calidad de propóleos). Las propiedades determinadas para el propóleo como materia prima fueron porcentaje de cera, índice de oxidación, determinación cualitativa de flavonoides, porcentaje de impurezas mecánicas, compuestos fenólicos, índice de yodo, cenizas, humedad, y solubilidad en etanol. El análisis del propóleo en solución se realizó para EEP (extracto de propóleo en etanol). Para la identificación de compuestos flavonoides se preparó un extracto hidroalcohólico. Los resultados mostraron que los propóleos producidos en esta región son de buena calidad y por tanto pueden ser comercializadas y distribuidos, presentando las siguientes variaciones respecto a cada parámetro analizado: a) propóleo como materia prima: porcentaje de cera (1-43,8%), índice de oxidación (14,7–97 segundos), determinación cualitativa de flavonoides (positiva), porcentaje de impurezas mecánicas (1,83–14,48%), compuestos fenólicos (37,12–60,73%), índice de yodo (49,39–79,31%), cenizas (0,14–17,40%), humedad (0,72–10,78%), y solubilidad en etanol (0,41–5,80%). b) propóleo en solución: para EEP: índice de oxidación (1–5 segundos). Se confirmó la presencia de flavonoides y compuestos fenólicos en los extractos hidroalcohólicos. Palabras clave: propóleo, abejas sin aguijón, propiedades fisicoquímicas.
Un Nuevo Ejemplo de Derecho Internacional Privado Comunitario
Authors: Álvarez Miguel-Ángel Michinel
Published: September 2017

El Tratado de Amsterdam introdujo en el Tratado Constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea, como es ampliamente sabido, un nuevo Título IV, con disposiciones precisas relativas a. la cooperación judicial en materia civil. Para impulsar esta cooperación y establecer orientaciones concretas, el 15 y el 16 de octubre de 1999 el Consejo Europeo celebró una sesión especial en Tampere sobre la creación de un espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia en la Unión Europea, lanzando un mensaje político para confirmar la importancia de este objetivo y acordando una serie de orientaciones y prioridades para convertirlo en realidad. Entre sus proyectos concretos, y sobre la base de propuestas de la Comisión, invitó al Consejo a establecer normas comunes de procedimiento especiales para simplificar y acelerar la solución de los litigios transfronterizos relativos, entre otros aspectos, a las demandas de pensión alimenticia. A tal fin, se entendió que el principio de reconocimiento mutuo debía ser la piedra angular de la cooperación en materia civil y penal de la Unión. La aplicación de este principio entre los Estados miembros era hasta entonces limitada esencialmente por dos motivos: primero por la falta de instrumentos en muchos ámbitos del Derecho privado;
A Mora Debitoris nas Obrigações Pecuniárias
Authors: Rosas Marta Monterroso
Published: September 2017

I - Considerações gerais - delimitação do tema. II - A fixação do montante indemnizatório. 1. O artigo 806.º do C. C.: a avaliação abstracta do dano e a indemnização fixada à forfait. 2. O n.º 3 introduzido pelo legislador de 83: âmbito de aplicação. 3. A evolução histórica do preceito e o anteprojecto de Vaz SERRA. III - Um olhar sobre o Direito Comparado: a nossa solução actual como caso isolado. IV - Crítica à solução consagrada no n.º 3 do artigo 806.º. 1. A tendência responsabilizante do Direito actual. 2. As dificuldades probatórias como factor não determinante. V - Conclusões. Uma proposta de iure condendo.
IMPROVING LECTURERS’ PAEDAGOGIC COMPETENCE THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LESSON STUDY IN FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF PAKUAN UNIVERSITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Sarimanah Eri
Published: September 2017

This research is aimed at improving the lecturers of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Pakuan University paedagogic competence through the implementation of lesson study which covers learning management competence including developing chapter design and lesson design, media making, teaching and learning, evaluation, post evaluation follow-up and learning supervision. This research involves four study program. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The data are collected through documentation, observation, interview and questionnaire. The data are analyzed descriptively to investigate the improvement of the lecturers’ paedagogic competence in teaching through the implementation of lesson study. Lesson study has been implemented for two years in Indonesian and Literature Education Study Program, English Education Study Program, Biology Education Study Program, and Primary Education Study Program. The findings show that there is an improvement of the lecturers paedagogic competence in developing chapter design and lesson design, developing material and designing media for learning (plan stage); running the lesson (do stage); and observing the lesson as well as evaluating and reflecting it (see stage). Besides, it is found the lecturers develop learning innovation to create students’ active learning. The colleagality among the lecturers is also develop well through the implementation of lesson study. The questionnaire result also shows that the implementation of lesson study can make the student become autonomous learners.
EFFECT OF SELF EFFICACY AND PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ON STUDENTS’ SKILLS
Authors: Permana Ryan , Sabirin Febrianto , Feladi Vindo
Published: September 2017

This research aims to determine: (1) Information about the information of self-efficacy, prior knowledge, and skills of students in the subject of Advanced Computer Network course in Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak, (2) The effect of self efficacy on the skills of students in the subject of Advanced Computer Network course in Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak, (3) Effect prior knowledge of the skills of students in the subject of Advanced Computer Network course in Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak, and (4) The effect of self-efficacy and prior knowledge of the skills of students in the subject of Advanced Computer Network course in Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak. This research is an ex-post facto research with correlation design. The independent variable in this research were self efficacy (X 1) and prior knowledge (X 2). While the dependent variable in this research is the students' skills (Y). The sample in this research were 108 students of Information and computer technology education IKIP PGRI Pontianak. The analysis technique used is simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results of the research: (1) The level of prior knowledge of students of 79 146 at intervals of 50.70 - 99.99, the level of self-efficacy of students at 56.45 with intervals of 48-65, and the skill level of students at 72.38 with intervals of 51.50 - 81.50. (2) there are significant positive and significant correlation between self efficacy against students' skills by 9.2%. (3) there is a positive and significant influence between the prior knowledge the students' skills of 10.7%. (4) there are significant positive and significant correlation between self-efficacy and prior knowledge the students' skills of 17.4%.
The spatiotemporal characteristics of influenza A and B in the WHO European Region: can one define influenza transmission zones in Europe?
Authors: Caini Saverio , Alonso Wladimir J , Séblain Clotilde El-Guerche , Schellevis François , Paget John
Published: September 2017

We aimed to assess the epidemiology and spatiotemporal patterns of influenza in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region and evaluate the validity of partitioning the Region into five influenza transmission zones (ITZs) as proposed by the WHO. We used the FluNet database and included over 650,000 influenza cases from 2000 to 2015. We analysed the data by country and season (from July to the following June). We calculated the median proportion of cases caused by each virus type in a season, compared the timing of the primary peak between countries and used a range of cluster analysis methods to assess the degree of overlap between the WHO-defined and data-driven ITZs. Influenza A and B caused, respectively, a median of 83% and 17% cases in a season. There was a significant west-to-east and non-significant (p = 0.10) south-to-north gradient in the timing of influenza activity. Typically, influenza peaked in February and March; influenza A earlier than influenza B. Most countries in the WHO European Region would fit into two ITZs: ‘Western Europe’ and ‘Eastern Europe’; countries bordering Asia may be better placed into extra-European ITZs. Our findings have implications for the presentation of surveillance data and prevention and control measures in this large WHO Region.
Curriculum Redesign in Veterinary Medicine: Part I
Authors: Chaney Kristin P. , Macik Maria L. , Turner Jacqueline S. , Korich Jodi A. , Rogers Kenita S. , Fowler Debra , Scallan Elizabeth M. , Keefe Lisa M.
Published: September 2017

Curricular review is considered a necessary component for growth and enhancement of academic programs and requires time, energy, creativity, and persistence from both faculty and administration. At Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (TAMU), the faculty and administration partnered with the university's Center for Teaching Excellence to create a faculty-driven, data-enhanced curricular redesign process. The 8-step process begins with the formation of a dedicated faculty curriculum design team to drive the redesign process and to support the college curriculum committee. The next steps include defining graduate outcomes and mapping the current curriculum to identify gaps and redundancies across the curriculum. Data are collected from internal and external stakeholders including veterinary students, faculty, alumni, and employers of graduates. Data collected through curriculum mapping and stakeholder engagement substantiate the curriculum redesign. The guidelines, supporting documents, and 8-step process developed at TAMU are provided to assist other veterinary schools in successful curricular redesign. This is the first of a two-part report that provides the background, context, and description of the process for charting the course for curricular change. The process involves defining expected learning outcomes for new graduates, conducting a curriculum mapping exercise, and collecting stakeholder data for curricular evaluation (steps 1–4). The second part of the report describes the development of rubrics that were applied to the graduate learning outcomes (steps 5–8) and engagement of faculty during the implementation phases of data-driven curriculum change.
Use of Software and Collaboration Tools to Integrate AIS and MIS Curricula
Authors: Etnyre Vance , Lehmann Constance
Published: September 2017

This paper discusses the collaboration our university has developed between the AIS and MIS programs. We include learning objectives for the overall learning objectives of our integrated program, suggestions for collaboration, and the courses addressing the identified objectives. The authors have found that using software tools can improve collaboration across departments can add to the learning experience in both the accounting and MIS programs. AIS instructors can use software tools to demonstrate how control requirements are implemented within information systems. MIS instructors can use software tools to provide explanations and examples of program structures and data structures used in information systems. Instructors with training in ERP systems can use software tools to add valuable perspective in discussions of scalability, multiple currencies, conversion of measuring units, and automation of business processes.

Tools which are used to support instruction can also be used to enable collaboration between faculty members. When group projects are used to teach information system development, additional collaboration tools can be included to give students experience in working within a workgroup environment. The authors discuss their experience in the use of software packages and collaboration tools to better prepare our students to succeed in the challenging business environment of audit and IT professionals.
Enriching AIS Courses With SOX Compliance Activities
Authors: Segovia Joann , Jessup Carol M. , Weber Marsha , Erickson Sheri
Published: September 2017

A very significant change to the accounting profession occurred in 2002 when the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted. This legislation had a significant impact on corporations and their audit firms. The objective was to improve corporate governance and its quality of financial reporting to improve investor confidence. This paper provides instructors with a background on SOX and suggests readings and activities that reflect the requirements of SOX as it relates to the AIS environment and the analysis of internal controls. These activities can strengthen students' understandings of how corporations respond to the various reporting requirements of this Act.
Ion-Mediated Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles for Light-Induced Heating
Authors: Alba-Molina David , Martín-Romero María , Camacho Luis , Giner-Casares Juan
Published: September 2017

Photothermal therapy is proposed as a straightforward manner of killing cancer cells, which a plasmon field of gold nanoparticles is activated by incoming light resonance leading to a local increase of temperature. This photothermal effect is strongly dependent on the plasmonic features of the nanoparticles. Herein, we study the effect of the ion-mediated aggregation of citrate-capped small spherical gold nanoparticles on the plasmonic band and the photothermal performance. An intermediate value of ionic strength has been found to be optimum with respect to the photothermal capabilities of the gold nanoparticles.
Simulation of Tail Boom Vibrations Using Main Rotor-Fuselage Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Batrakov Andrey , Kusyumov Alexander , Kusyumov Sergey , Mikhailov Sergey , Barakos George
Published: September 2017

In this work, fully-resolved rotor-fuselage interactional aerodynamics is used as the forcing term in a model based on the Euler-Bernoulli equation, aiming to simulate helicopter tail-boom vibration. The model is based on linear beam analysis and captures the effect of the blade-passing as well as the effect of the changing force direction on the boom. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results were obtained using a well-validated helicopter simulation tool. Results for the tail-boom vibration are not validated due to lack of experimental data, but were obtained using an established analytical approach and serve to demonstrate the strong effect of aerodynamics on tail-boom aeroelastic behavior.
Enhancement of Energy Harvesting Performance by a Coupled Bluff Splitter Body and PVEH Plate through Vortex Induced Vibration near Resonance
Authors: Chin Wei , Ong Zhi , Kong Keen , Khoo Shin , Huang Yu-Hsi , Chong Wen
Published: September 2017

Inspired by vortex induced vibration energy harvesting development as a new source of renewable energy, a T-shaped design vibration energy harvester is introduced with the aim of enhancing its performance through vortex induced vibration at near resonance conditions. The T-shaped structural model designed consists of a fixed boundary aluminum bluff splitter body coupled with a cantilever piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (PVEH) plate model which is a piezoelectric bimorph plate made of a brass plate sandwiched between 2 lead zirconate titanate (PZT) plates. A 3-dimensional Fluid-Structure Interaction simulation analysis is carried out with Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model under wind speed of 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22.5, and 25 m/s. The results showed that with 19 m/s wind speed, the model generates 75.758 Hz of vortex frequency near to the structural model’s natural frequency of 76.9 Hz. Resonance lock-in therefore occurred, generating a maximum displacement amplitude of 2.09 mm or a 49.76% increment relatively in vibrational amplitude. Under the effect of resonance at the PVEH plate’s fundamental natural frequency, it is able to generate the largest normalized power of 13.44 mW/cm3g2.
Development of Multiplexed Infectious Disease Lateral Flow Assays: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mohd Hanafiah Khayriyyah , Arifin Norsyahida , Bustami Yazmin , Noordin Rahmah , Garcia Mary , Anderson David
Published: September 2017

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the mainstay of rapid point-of-care diagnostics, with the potential to enable early case management and transform the epidemiology of infectious disease. However, most LFAs only detect single biomarkers. Recognizing the complex nature of human disease, overlapping symptoms and states of co-infections, there is increasing demand for multiplexed systems that can detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Due to innate limitations in the design of traditional membrane-based LFAs, multiplexing is arguably limited to a small number of biomarkers. Here, we summarize the need for multiplexed LFA, key technical and operational challenges for multiplexing, inherent in the design and production of multiplexed LFAs, as well as emerging enabling technologies that may be able to address these challenges. We further identify important areas for research in efforts towards developing multiplexed LFAs for more impactful diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Design, Synthesis, Antimycobacterial Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of 3-(Phenylcarbamoyl)-pyrazine-2-carboxylic Acids
Authors: Semelková Lucia , Janošcová Petra , Fernandes Carlos , Bouz Ghada , Janďourek Ondřej , Konečná Klára , Paterová Pavla , Navrátilová Lucie , Kuneš Jiří , Doležal Martin , Zitko Jan
Published: September 2017

Pyrazinamide, the first-line antitubercular drug, has been regarded the basic component of tuberculosis treatment for over sixty years. Researchers have investigated its effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis for this long time, and as a result, new potential targets of pyrazinamide or its active form, pyrazinoic acid, have been found. We have designed and prepared 3-(phenyl-carbamoyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids as more lipophilic derivatives of pyrazinoic acid. We also prepared methyl and propyl derivatives as prodrugs with further increased lipophilicity. Antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal growth inhibiting activity was investigated in all prepared compounds. 3-[(4-Nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (16) exerted high antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC = 1.56 μg·mL−1 (5 μM). Propyl 3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}pyrazine-2-carboxylate (18a) showed also high antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC = 3.13 μg·mL−1. In vitro cytotoxicity of the active compounds was investigated and no significant cytotoxic effect was observed. Based to structural similarity to known inhibitors of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose oxidase, DprE1, we performed molecular docking of the prepared acids to DprE1. These in silico experiments indicate that modification of the linker connecting aromatic parts of molecule does not have any negative influence on the binding.
Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease: The Role of the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Cahova Monika , Bratova Miriam , Wohl Petr
Published: September 2017

Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides life-saving nutritional support in situations where caloric supply via the enteral route cannot cover the necessary needs of the organism. However, it does have serious adverse effects, including parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). The development of liver injury associated with PN is multifactorial, including non-specific intestine inflammation, compromised intestinal permeability, and barrier function associated with increased bacterial translocation, primary and secondary cholangitis, cholelithiasis, short bowel syndrome, disturbance of hepatobiliary circulation, lack of enteral nutrition, shortage of some nutrients (proteins, essential fatty acids, choline, glycine, taurine, carnitine, etc.), and toxicity of components within the nutrition mixture itself (glucose, phytosterols, manganese, aluminium, etc.). Recently, an increasing number of studies have provided evidence that some of these factors are directly or indirectly associated with microbial dysbiosis in the intestine. In this review, we focus on PN-induced changes in the taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiome. We also discuss immune cell and microbial crosstalk during parenteral nutrition, and the implications for the onset and progression of PNALD. Finally, we provide an overview of recent advances in the therapeutic utilisation of pro- and prebiotics for the mitigation of PN-associated liver complications.
Synthesis, Chemosensory Properties, and Self-Assembly of Terpyridine-Containing Conjugated Polycarbazole through RAFT Polymerization and Heck Coupling Reaction
Authors: Yang Po-Chih , Li Si-Qiao , Chien Yueh-Han , Tao Ta-Lun , Huang Ruo-Yun , Chen Hsueh-Yu
Published: September 2017

We report the responsive fluorescence chemosensory phenomena of a carbazole-functionalized crosslinked polymer (PCaT) with pendent terpyridine (tpy) groups as receptors of metal ions. The polymer was synthesized using Heck polymerization between 3,6-dibromide groups in a carbazole-based polymer (PC2Br) and divinyl tpy monomer. The effects of the polymeric structure on the optical and chemosensory properties of the PCaT were compared with those of a carbazole-tpy alternating conjugated polymer (PCT). Photoluminescence titrations demonstrated that the PCaT and PCT had the high sensing ability toward Fe3+ ions, with Stern–Volmer constants of 8.10 × 104 and 6.68 × 104 M−1, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) toward Fe3+ of the PCaT and PCT was estimated to be 1.31 × 10−6 and 1.81 × 10−6 M, respectively, and the superior LOD of the PCaT was ascribed to its lowly crosslinked structure. The fluorescence of the solutions of these polymers that were quenched by Fe3+ ions recovered when trace CN− anions were added because of the high stability constant of the CN−–Fe3+ complex. Micellar aggregates with a mean diameter of approximately 239.5 nm were formed by dissolving the PCaT in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. Our results suggest that the PCaT is a promising material for chemosensory applications.
Environmental Variability and Oceanographic Dynamics of the Central and Southern Coastal Zone of Sonora in the Gulf of California
Authors: García-Morales Ricardo , López-Martínez Juana , Valdez-Holguin Jose , Herrera-Cervantes Hugo , Espinosa-Chaurand Luis
Published: September 2017

This study analyzed monthly and inter-annual variability of mesoscale phenomena, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) climate indexes and wind intensity considering their influence on sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a). These analyses were performed to determine the effects, if any, of climate indexes and oceanographic and environmental variability on the central and southern coastal ecosystem of Sonora in the Gulf of California (GC). Monthly satellite images of SST (°C) and Chl-a concentration were used with a 1-km resolution for oceanographic and environmental description, as well as monthly data of the climate indexes and wind intensity from 2002–2015. Significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed while analyzing the monthly variability results of mesoscale phenomena, SST and Chl-a, where the greatest percentage of anti-cyclonic gyres and filaments was correlated with a greater Chl-a concentration in the area of study, low temperatures and, thus, greater productivity. Moreover, the greatest percentage of intrusion was correlated with the increase in temperature and cyclonic gyres and a strong decrease of Chl-a concentration values, causing oligotrophic conditions in the ecosystem and a decrease in upwelling and filament occurrence. As for the analysis of the interannual variability of mesoscales phenomena, SST, Chl-a and winds, the variability between years was not significant (p > 0.05), so no correlation was observed between variabilities or phenomena. The results of the monthly analyses of climate indexes, environmental variables and wind intensity did not show significant differences for the ENSO and PDO indexes (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, an important correlation could be observed between the months of negative anomalies of the ENSO with high Chl-a concentration values and intense winds, as well as with low SST values. The months with positive ENSO anomalies were correlated with high SST values, low Chl-a concentration and moderate winds. Significant inter-annual differences were observed for climate indexes where the years with high SST values were related to the greatest positive anomaly of ENSO, of which 2002 and 2009 stood out, characterized as moderate Niño years, and 2015 as a strong El Niño year. The years with the negative ENSO anomaly were related to the years of lower SST values, of which 2007–2008 and 2010–2011 stood out, characterized as moderate Niñas. Thus, variability associated with mesoscale oceanographic phenomena and seasonal and inter-annual variations of climate indexes had a great influence on the environmental conditions of the coastal ecosystem of Sonora in the Gulf of California.
Situational Assessments Based on Uncertainty-Risk Awareness in Complex Traffic Scenarios
Authors: Xie Guotao , Zhang Xinyu , Gao Hongbo , Qian Lijun , Wang Jianqiang , Ozguner Umit
Published: September 2017

Situational assessment (SA) is one of the key parts for the application of intelligent alternative-energy vehicles (IAVs) in the sustainable transportation. It helps IAVs understand and comprehend traffic environments better. In SA, it is crucial to be aware of uncertainty-risks, such as sensor failure or communication loss. The objective of this study is to assess traffic situations considering uncertainty-risks, including environment predicting uncertainty. According to the stochastic environment model, collision probabilities between multiple vehicles are estimated based on integrated trajectory prediction under uncertainty, which combines the physics- and maneuver-based trajectory prediction models for accurate prediction results in the long term. The SA method considers the probabilities of collision at different predicting points, the masses, and relative speeds between the possible colliding objects. In addition, risks beyond the prediction horizon are considered with the proposition of infinite risk assessments (IRAs). This method is applied and proved to assess risks regarding unexpected obstacles in traffic, sensor failure or communication loss, and imperfect detections with different sensing accuracies of the environment. The results indicate that the SA method could evaluate traffic risks under uncertainty in the dynamic traffic environment. This could help IAVs’ plan motion trajectories and make high-level decisions in uncertain environments.
Sustainability Issues in Textile and Apparel Supply Chains
Authors: Shen Bin , Li Qingying , Dong Ciwei , Perry Patsy
Published: September 2017

Incorporating sustainability into the supply chain is becoming a key priority for many textile and apparel companies. For example, H&M, Patagonia, and The North Face have incorporated various approaches to enhance their levels of sustainable supply chain management. Typical approaches include sustainable product strategy, sustainable investment, sustainable performance evaluation, corporate social responsibility, and environmental management system adoption, which contribute to the development of sustainable supply chain management in the textile and apparel industry. In this paper, we introduce the fifteen articles published in this special issue, and summarize the key findings and future research directions in the area of textile and apparel sustainable supply chain management.
5 Key Challenges and Solutions for Governing Complex Adaptive (Food) Systems
Authors: Chapman Mollie , Klassen Susanna , Kreitzman Maayan , Semmelink Adrian , Sharp Kelly , Singh Gerald , Chan Kai
Published: September 2017

There is increasing recognition in academic circles of the importance of adaptive governance for the sustainability of social-ecological systems, but little examination of specific implications for the 34% of land-use where human activities are pervasive but potentially commensurate with functioning ecosystems: agricultural production systems. In this paper, we argue for the need to view food systems and agro-ecosystems as multi-scalar complex adaptive systems and identify five key challenging characteristics of such systems: multi-causality; cumulative impacts; regime shifts; teleconnections and mismatch of scales. These characteristics are necessary features of multi-scalar adaptive systems, and apply equally to social and natural subsystems. We discuss the implications of these characteristics for agricultural production systems and consider how governance can rise to these challenges. We present five case studies that highlight these issues: pollinator declines; payments for ecosystem services; pest control and pesticide resistance; downstream aquatic systems in Tasman Bay, New Zealand; and riparian buffers in Puget Sound, USA. From these case studies we derive recommendations for managing agricultural systems, both specific and general. Ultimately, adaptive governance of agro-ecosystems will likely hinge upon three paradigm shifts: viewing farmers and ranchers not only as food producers but also as land and water managers; seeking not yield maximization but rather resilient management of food ecosystems; and critically, as it transcends the production-system literature, engaging broad audiences not only as consumers but also citizens.
Modeling the Impact of Short-Term and Long-Term Determinants of European Health Systems’ Performance: A Panel Data Approach
Authors: Popa Ion , Ștefan Simona
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence to help health systems’ policy makers within European countries in making the most appropriate decisions to maintain and improve the health of the people they serve. For this purpose, we have analyzed secondary data provided by the annual reports of the Euro Health Consumer Index, which ranks European countries in terms of their health systems’ ability to serve the needs of healthcare consumers. We consider both the short-run and long-run approach in determining the influence of Patient rights and information, Accessibility, Prevention, Range and reach of services, and Pharmaceuticals on Outcomes. By means of a panel data analysis, we capture the influences not only in a single point of time, but in a time span of five years (2012–2016). The main findings suggest that pharmaceuticals and range and reach of services are positively associated with improving immediate outcomes, while for sustainable results, efforts should be directed to prevention programs and means of accessibility improvement.
Impact of Firms’ Cooperative Innovation Strategy on Technological Convergence Performance: The Case of Korea’s ICT Industry
Authors: Kim Kyunam
Published: September 2017

Various strategies and policies have been established to facilitate technological convergence as it becomes increasingly important. However, the current status and progress direction of technological convergence is still not clear, as it is difficult to define and measure convergence phenomena. In this situation, this study examines how technological convergence has continued in Korea’s information and communication technology (ICT) industry, and, further, which cooperative innovation strategies are more effective in technological convergence. In this study, the convergence level of Korean ICT is measured using patent data from 2011 to 2015. Further, this study analyzes the impact of cooperative innovation strategies on Korean ICT convergence. It is believed that, by classifying technological convergence patent applications by the scope of convergence, the declining inter-field and inter-sector technological convergence has caused a decrease in the number of technological convergence patent applications since 2011. An analysis of the correlations between the strategies and performance of technological convergence indicates that ICT firms’ licensing activities play a positive role in creating technologically convergent performance. Specifically, cooperative innovation strategies for not only licensing but also external research contracts and joint research are determined to positively affect performance in inter-sector technological convergence. Meanwhile, only the licensing strategy in inter-field convergence correlates with technological convergence performance. These results will help interpret the driving forces of technological convergence.
Refuge Lake Reclassification in 620 Minnesota Cisco Lakes under Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Jiang Liping , Fang Xing , Chen Gang
Published: September 2017

Cisco (Coregonus artedi) is the most common coldwater stenothermal fish in Minnesota lakes. Water temperature (T) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in lakes are important controls of fish growth and reproduction and likely change with future climate warming. Built upon a previous study, this study uses a modified method to identify which of 620 cisco lakes in Minnesota can still support cisco populations under future climate and therefore be classified as cisco refuge lakes. The previous study used oxythermal stress parameter TDO3, the temperature at DO of 3 mg/L, simulated only from deep virtual lakes to classify 620 cisco lakes. Using four categories of virtual but representative cisco lakes in modified method, a one-dimensional water quality model MINLAKE2012 was used to simulate daily T and DO profiles in 82 virtual lakes under the past (1961–2008) and two future climate scenarios. A multiyear average of 31-day largest TDO3 over variable benchmark (VB) periods, AvgATDO3VB, was calculated from simulated T and DO profiles using FishHabitat2013. Contour plots of AvgATDO3VB for four categories of virtual lakes were then developed to reclassify 620 cisco lakes into Tier 1 (AvgATDO3VB < 11 °C) or Tier 2 refuge lakes, and Tier 3 non-refuge lakes (AvgATDO3VB > 17 °C). About 20% of 620 cisco lakes are projected to be refuge lakes under future climate scenarios, which is a more accurate projection (improving the prediction accuracy by ~6.5% from the previous study) since AvgATDO3VB was found to vary by lake categories.
Research and Evaluation of the Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Polluted Wooden Railway Sleepers
Authors: Vilniškis Rokas , Vaiškūnaitė Rasa
Published: September 2017

Wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with the chemicals that prevent the disassembling of the wood splitter. Such chemical wood impregnator as creosote or shale oil have been widely used to prolong the lifetime of wooden railway sleepers, protecting them from the negative microorganisms and atmospheric effects. These substances are based on aromatic hydrocarbons (powerful carcinogens), phenolic compounds, heterocyclic nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur compounds. Lithuania formes over 30,000 pieces of wooden sleepers improper for use annually. Based on the existing environmental legislation, used wooden railway sleepers can not be burned anywehere else except hazardous waste inceneration facilities or can not be buried because of their negative impact on the environment and human health, therefore, this unsuitable wooden sleepers are only stored in their collection or storage areas and they are a major threat to the environment. The aim of this articel is to study how the wooden railway sleepers stored in Vilnius city (Lithuania) are contaminated with the aromatic hydrocarbons using the gas chromatography. Wooden railway sleepers were sampled and prepared for chemical analysis.