bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Calcium Carbonate Content on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Chitosan-Coated Poly(urethane) Foams
Authors: Kustiyah Elvi , Roziafanto Achmad Nandang , Amrullah Majid , Priadi Dedi , Chalid Mochamad
Published: June 2022

In this work, the effect of chitosan and CaCO3 coating on polyurethane (PU) foam on the mechanical and thermal properties was studied. PU-foams were soaked in a mixture of chitosan- calcium carbonate solution at different concentrations, i.e., 0.1–0.4%. The molecular behaviors due to the incorporation of chitosan/CaCO3 into the PU-foam matrix were investigated by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) was utilized to study the effect of chitosan/CaCO3 coat on the pore structure of PU-foam. FTIR spectra show changes in the peak of 1446 and 1413 cm–1, which serve as evidence of molecular interaction between PU and chitosan/CaCO3. FE-SEM images show that the addition of chitosan/calcium carbonate cells was starting to close together, probably due to the increased dispersion of calcium carbonate on the entire surface of PU-foams/chitosan, which indicates that reducing the size of the cell will increase mechanical properties. From this study, it was found that PU-foam soaked in 0.4% CaCO3 had the highest tensile strength. Coating PU-foam with 0.4% CaCO3 also improved its thermal stability, indicated by an increase in its residual mass compared to neat PU-foam.
Citrate-Capped Gold Nanoparticle as a Ligand for Chromium(III) Ion: Optimization and Its Application in Contaminated Tap Water
Authors: Shamkhy Eman Turky , Oda Amjed Mirza
Published: June 2022

Citrate-capped gold nanoparticle (GNP) was used as a ligand for chromium chelating, and chromium ions reaction led to GNP aggregation. The color change of GNP by aggregation in the presence of chromium is a simple and rapid colorimetric test for these ions in an aqueous solution. GNP capped citrate was prepared by the citrate method and characterized by TEM, and its particle size was 20 nm. Also, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak was 520 nm. In the presence of chromium ions, the color of GNP at 520 nm was shifted to 650 nm because of aggregation to give a signal as a ratio of A650/520 more than one and proportional with chromium concentration directly. The optimum conditions were studied to obtain the high signal represented by the volume of GNP, reaction kinetic of A650 with time, selectivity, and interferences of Zn(II), Fe(III), Fe(II), Sn(II), Ni(II), Ca(II), Al(III), Sr(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Mg(II), Ag(I), and Pb(II) ions. The calibration curve is linear in the range of 100–500 ppb, and the regression was 0.9951 and applied on tap water chromium ions in the same range in the regression of 0.95. This method was simple, rapid reaction, consumed low volumes of sample, and had low detection limits. It can be recommended as a new method for chromium (III) detection in aqueous solutions.
Synthesis of 2-Hydroxyethyl Esters from Castor Oil as Lubrication Bio-Additive Candidates for Low-Sulfur Fossil Diesel
Authors: Firmansyah Arizal , Zetra Yulfi , Burhan Rafwan Year Perry , Prasetyoko Didik , Jamarun Novesar
Published: June 2022

The present work aims to study the synthesis of 2-hydroxyethyl esters from castor oil and its lubrication properties, promising as a lubrication bio-additive in low sulfur diesel fuel. This compound has been successfully synthesized from castor oil and ethylene glycol. The oil to ethylene glycol molar ratio was adjusted to 1:10, and the catalyst loading was used at 9% mole oil. Then, the mixture was refluxed for 5 h. The product components were characterized using GC-MS. The standard ASTM method was used to study the kinematic viscosity and lubrication. The product was dominated by 2-hydroxyethyl esters (94.16%), di-ester (1.12%), and cyclic ester (1.92%). The analysis of friction coefficient and wear scar diameter (WSD) using High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) shows the coefficient of friction and WSD of the product better than reference diesel fuel. From the results of this study, the 2-hydroxyethyl ester of castor oil, especially 2-hydroxyethyl ricinoleate, is the main responsible for the lubricating properties. Thus, 2-hydroxyethyl esters of castor oil can be proposed as an alternative bio-additive to improve the lubrication of low-sulfur fossil diesel fuels.
Sighting of critically-endangered White-rumped vulture Gyps bengalensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) in Krusadai Island, Rameswaram, India
Authors: Padmakumar Vidya
Published: June 2022

The most adept scavengers in ecology, vultures, are on the edge of collapse. The Indian subcontinent has nine species of vultures, five of which belong to the genus Gyps and the others are the least impact. The White-rumped vulture Gyps bengalensis, Long-billed vulture Gyps indicus, and Slender-billed Gyps tenuirostris vultures were originally and until lately the most numerous variety in India. Nevertheless, during the last ten, the abundance of these vultures has plummeted across the country. The current study reports Gyps bengalensis for the first time sighted in cauldrons on the desolate Krusadai Island, located south of Pamban Island in the Gulf of Mannar. The finding of the cauldron highlights the need for long-term research into the region to locate nesting places and aid conservation and management.
Microbiota fúngica del aire interior de un Centro de Desarrollo Infantil en zona árida
Authors: Jiménez-Hernández Vanessa Guadalupe , Guzmán-Grijalva Héctor Manuel , García-Navarrete Gilberto , Ramos-Enríquez José Rogelio , Esquer-Peralta Javier , Alvarado-Ibarra Juana
Published: June 2022

Los Centros de Desarrollo Infantil se caracterizan por la atención multidisciplinaria a la población infantil, sector particularmente susceptible a enfermar de las vías respiratorias por la presencia de microorganismos fúngicos que se dispersan por las corrientes de aire entre los espacios donde se encuentran los usuarios. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la concentración fúngica del aire interior del Centro de Desarrollo Infantil de la Universidad de Sonora, la identificación taxonómica de los microhongos recolectados y la descripción de su posible patogenicidad para la salud humana. Se obtuvieron entre los días del 2 al 27 de mayo 89 muestras de 17 sitios donde concurren los menores de edad y un punto testigo. Se realizaron muestreos estáticos a un metro de altura, utilizando un equipo SAS SUPER 100 y la sedimentación en placa de Petri con medio de cultivo Agar Sabouraud. Por la técnica de impronta se identificaron 14 géneros fúngicos, entre los predominantes están Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus spp. y Penicillium spp., con presencia de 31%, 26% y 16%, respectivamente. La concentración fúngica más alta que se detectó fue de 53 UFC/m3, valor inferior al considerado peligroso por diversas instituciones gubernamentales alrededor del mundo. No obstante, se identificaron especies de interés clínico del género Aspergillus, predominando en todos los sitios A. niger, seguido por A. ochraceus, A. flavus, A. versicolor y A. fumigatus.
Enfermedad de Chagas: biología y transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Peña-Callejas Gabriela , González James , Jiménez-Cortés J. Guillermo , De Fuentes-Vicente José A. , Salazar-Schettino Paz María , Bucio-Torres Martha I. , Cabrera-Bravo Margarita , Flores-Villegas A. Laura
Published: June 2022

En 1909, Carlos Justiniano Chagas describió por primera vez las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad de Chagas. El parásito hemoflagelado Trypanosoma cruzi (agente) se caracteriza por la presencia de un flagelo, y en su citoplasma presenta organelos como el citostoma, los glicosomas, los reservosomas y un núcleo. El ciclo de vida de T. cruzi se inicia cuando el vector defeca sobre la piel del hospedero sus heces contienen tripomastigotes metacíclicos, que infectan las células del vertebrado. Los vectores de esta enfermedad pertenecen a la Subfamilia Triatominae, insectos hematófagos, nocturnos y con la capacidad de localizar a sus hospederos mediante la detección del calor. T. cruzi tiene efectos en la biología del insecto triatomino, en su comportamiento, en el funcionamiento del intestino, su sistema inmunológico y la microbiota asociada. En el hospedero mamífero, el parásito activa la respuesta inmune innata, y las citocinas tienen un papel clave para controlar la infección o bien evolucionar a la cronicidad. T. cruzi presenta una amplia diversidad genética, y bajo condiciones de laboratorio se han demostrado sus diferentes grados de virulencia y tropismo hacia los órganos blanco; sin embargo, no existe una asociación clara entre las cepas y el comportamiento clínico de la enfermedad. Esta revisión aborda la historia del descubrimiento de la enfermedad de Chagas y discute aspectos recientes sobre la biología de T. cruzi para comprender la dinámica de su transmisión.
Reemplazo total de articulación temporomandibular en pacientes con anquilosis: presentación de dos casos clínicos
Authors: Vargas López Doroteo , Ferraez Castañeda Esther Diana Carolina , Garcia Alcaraz Victor Abel
Published: June 2022

Introducción: La anquilosis de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) se define como la condición patológica donde la mandíbula se fusiona a la cavidad glenoidea por tejidos óseos y/o fibróticos, limitando la apertura bucal, dificultando la masticación y el habla. Objetivo: Mejorar la función mandibular disminuyendo el dolor y previniendo la reanquilosis de los casos presentados, así como proporcionar información acerca del manejo de la anquilosis de la ATM. Presentación de los casos: Se presentan dos casos clí- nicos con anquilosis de la ATM, con limitación de la apertura (13 y 10 mm), dolor intenso de tipo punzante en la zona preauricular. En ambos casos realizaron estudios de extensión (radiografías, tomografías, estereolitografía) para la planeación de los tiempos quirúrgicos. Se llevó a cabo un remplazo completo de la ATM me- diante un acetábulo y prótesis condílea de stock (Biomet Micro- fixation), la técnica quirúrgica consistió en abordaje perauricular con extensión anterosuperior y posterior abordaje submandibular, se verificaron los movimientos mandibulares de forma inmedia- ta y se indicaron ejercicios de fisioterapia durante seis meses. Resultados: En el primer caso se logró una apertura de 35 mm con movimientos mandibulares protrusivos y laterales y oclusión estable a cinco años de seguimiento. En el segundo caso se logró una apertura de 30 mm con movimientos mandibulares conser- vados. En ambos casos las pacientes refirieron satisfacción y se- guridad a la masticación de alimentos y de manera asintomática.Conclusiones: Para lograr un tratamiento eficaz, satisfactorio y duradero, es necesario un enfoque individualizado en caso, eli- giendo como primera opción el que posea una menor morbilidad para el paciente.
Equilibrio neuromuscular electromiográfico de los músculos maseteros producido por el uso de férula oclusal
Authors: Rodríguez Castañeda Claudia Ivonne , Kreiner Marcelo , Ferández Rey Luis Ignacio , Llamosas Hernández Eduardo Fulgencio , Ángeles Medina Fernando
Published: June 2022

Introducción: El equilibrio neuromuscular consiste en la coordi- nación muscular dinámica entre la relación y la actividad de los músculos masticatorios. La férula oclusal tiene como objetivo principal producir una posición mandibular estable y reproducible. Objetivo: Analizar posibles variaciones en el equilibrio neuromus- cular con base en los registros electromiográficos de los múscu- los maseteros previos y posteriores al uso de férula oclusal en pacientes con malposiciones dentarias. Material y métodos: Se siguió una cohorte de 52 pacientes provenientes de dos clínicas odontológicas durante el periodo de agosto a diciembre de 2018, mediante un muestreo a conveniencia se realizó el examen clínico general, regional y local. Se realizó el análisis cefalométrico de las radiografías laterales de cráneo y la evaluación de la electromio- grafía mediante programas específicos, además de la elaboración y colocación de férulas oclusales fisiológicas. Se realizó un análisis bivariado [χ2 y regresión lineal, rangos de Wilcoxon (STATA)]. Resultados: La media de edad fue 22 años, 75% correspondió al género femenino y al tipo de maloclusión esquelética clase II (48%). El uso de férula provocó una disminución en las diferen- cias RMS de 27 (59%) y un aumento en 19 (41%) pacientes. La significancia asintótica del análisis determinó una diferencia signi- ficativa en la variación de la diferencia de RMS y en el índice de asimetría muscular previa y posterior al uso de férula. Con base en el estadístico de contraste (p < 0.05) no existe evidencia sufi- ciente para este conjunto de datos respecto a que las diferencias de RMS y del índice de asimetría muscular dependen del uso de férula. Conclusiones: Cualquier tratamiento dental es complejo debido a que altera la función del sistema estomatognático y estos cambios influyen en la actividad muscular, mismos que deberían considerarse correctos posterior a ser evaluados mediante patrones fisiológicos de actividad muscular.
El efecto del tiempo postexodoncia y la edad en la viabilidad celular total de la pulpa dental
Authors: Silvia Zambrano Antuanett N , Ayón-Haro Esperanza R , González Chávez Rocío del Pilar
Published: June 2022

Introducción: La pulpa dental humana es considerada una fuente celular, de la que se puede obtener fibroblastos, odontoblastos y cé- lulas troncales. Actualmente, cultivos de estas células son usados en estudios de biocompatibilidad de materiales dentales, así como en medicina regenerativa e ingeniería tisular. El tiempo postexodon- cia conforma un factor importante para la obtención de un elevado porcentaje de viabilidad celular. Reportes sobre la viabilidad celular de cultivos de células troncales de la pulpa dental no incluyen la po- blación celular total de la pulpa. Por este motivo, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la influencia del tiempo postexodoncia, la edad y el sexo del paciente en la obtención de células viables de pulpas den- tales. Material y métodos: Se compararon dos tiempos, antes de las 24 horas y después de las 72 horas postexodoncia. Se recolectaron un total de 42 dientes de pacientes entre 13 y 42 años de edad. Para determinar la viabilidad celular se usó la tinción de azul de tripano y se hizo el recuento celular en el microscopio. Las células vivas fueronobservadas de color blanco y las muertas de color azul. Resultados: Las pulpas que fueron obtenidas antes de las 24 horas postexodoncia presentaron un mayor porcentaje de viabilidad celular con respecto a las pulpas obtenidas después de las 72 horas postexodoncia. Con- clusiones: La obtención de las células de la pulpa dental debe reali- zarse en un tiempo ≤ a 24 horas postexodoncia para óptimos resulta- dos. Existe una relación entre la edad del paciente y la viabilidad en las pulpas obtenidas antes de las 24 horas postexodoncia. El sexo del paciente no influye en la viabilidad celular de los tiempos estudiados.
Epidemiología de las atenciones dentales de urgencia atendidas en el Hospital Barros Buco Trudeau
Authors: Vázquez de Ponson Du Terrail Joaquín Amadeo , Secchi Alfio , Moreno Jorge , Amorin Pablo , Astorga Felipe
Published: June 2022

Las urgencias odontológicas comprenden un conjunto de patologías bucomaxilofaciales, las cuales provocan la necesidad de atención inmediata, concentrándose parte de la demanda en los Servicios de Urgencia de los Hospitales de alta complejidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue reconocer el perfil poblacional y principales motivos de consulta de la población atendida en la Unidad de Emergencia del Complejo Asistencial Barros Luco, ubicado en la comuna de San Miguel, Chile, siendo el centro de referencia para el sector Sur de la Región Metropolitana.
Análisis de fracturas de tercio inferior facial en el Hospital General Balbuena durante el periodo 2017-2019
Authors: Cruz-Correa Carlos Armando , Salgado-Chavarría Fabiola , Téliz Meneses Mario Alberto , Castillo-Ham Guillermina , Padilla Reyes Juan Carlos
Published: June 2022

Introducción: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia, etiología y sitios de fractura más afectados, con rela- ción a la edad, género y entidad federativa, en el Servicio de Ciru- gía Maxilofacial del Hospital General de Balbuena de la Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México. Material y métodos: Se rea- lizó una revisión retrospectiva del periodo de 01 de enero de 2017 al 28 de febrero de 2019 de los expedientes y estudios de imagen de los pacientes que ingresaron al Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial que presentaron una fractura en región mandibular. Resultados: Se atendieron 674 pacientes con traumatismo de la región maxilo- facial, de los cuales 184 (167 fueron hombres y 17 mujeres) presen- taron alguna fractura mandibular. Conclusión: El Hospital General Balbuena es un nosocomio de alta concentración de trauma facial, en el cual podemos ver una gran incidencia de fracturas faciales, de ahí la importancia de este estudio para determinar la incidencia de las fracturas mandibulares en nuestro servicio.
Evaluación de arteria alveolar superior posterior y relación con el seno maxilar mediante tomografía axial computarizada
Authors: Villaverde Moscol Lizeth , García Linares Sixto
Published: June 2022

Introducción: Es importante la localización de los referentes ana- tómicos para la cirugía del levantamiento del seno maxilar. La to- mografía computarizada cone-beam es una técnica predecible para ubicarlos. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y localización de la arteria alveolar superior posterior (AAPS) con respecto a la cres- ta alveolar, utilizando la clasificación internacional según Ella en la población adulta peruana que acudan a un centro de diagnóstico por imágenes, reconocido para la atención médica en la región central peruana. Material y métodos: Fueron estudiadas 240 to- mografías de pacientes edéntulos parciales superiores unilaterales, que fueron referidos para estudio tomográficos para colocación de implantes dentales. La localización de la AAPS fue visualizada en el corte transversal de 0.5 mm de grosor del sector edéntulo y fue clasificado según la distancia con respecto a la cresta alveolar en tres grados de acuerdo con la clasificación de Ella. Resultados: Presentó mayor prevalencia el grado 3 en la localización de arteria alveolar superior posterior y que tenían altura del segmento maxilar subantral grado 4 registrándose en 99.2% del total. Conclusiones: Se encontró el mayor grado de localización de la arteria según la clasificación internacional de Ella cuando había mayor de grado en altura de segmento maxilar subantral según la clasificación de Misch en el espacio edéntulo parcial.
Creación de productos innovadores para bibliotecas aplicando Design Thinking: Experiencia en un curso virtual de mercadeo
Authors: Rodríguez Valerio Daniela María
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo expone una experiencia práctica de implementar la metodología Design Thinking en un curso virtual de mercadeo de bibliotecas, con el objetivo de diseñar servicios innovadores y apegados a las necesidades de la población usuaria. Se utilizaron diversidad de herramientas tecnológicas y se planificaron cada una de las etapas de manera minuciosa para desarrollarlas de forma sincrónica y virtual. Se observaron resultados satisfactorios y, además, se promovió el trabajo en equipo, la empatía, la comunicación asertiva y la innovación.
IOT based Manhole Detection and Monitoring System
Authors: Himanshu S.
Published: June 2022

Abstract: The sewage system must be monitored in order to maintain the city clean. Uneven sewage system monitoring causes drainage to become clogged. Blockages in the sewer system are a major source of sewer flooding and pollution. Workers may be involved in an accident as a result of their ignorance of the situation inside the manhole. To get the necessary output from the module, this model uses a regulator circuit, sensor driver circuit, microcontroller, serial communication devices, and IoT module. Overflowing drains in the sewage system are one of the most prevalent difficulties identified, which become more severe during the monsoon seasons when the authorities are ignorant of the overflowing drains. It is unsanitary for the adjacent residents and creates waterlogging, which leads to bug breeding. Our answer to this problem is an IoT system that warns municipal officials about overflowing drains immediately by email or notification at the city control centre, as well as citizens via social media or a mobile app. The essential component of this system is a low-power IoT-based portable gadget that is mounted below the manhole cover. [2][7]
Construction Site Accident Avoidance
Authors: Saniya M , Amulya B , Sahiti A , Nagarani A , Shanker Dr. M.
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Visual examination of the plant and in- time memorial to the failure of wearing a safety helmet is of particular significance to avoid injuries of workers at the construction point. Videotape monitoring systems give a large quantum of unshaped image data on- point for this purpose, still, taking a computer vision- based automatic result for real- time discovery. In this regard, we develop a deep learning-based system for the real- time discovery of a safety helmet at the construction point. i.e. presented system uses the YOLO algorithm that's grounded on convolutional neural networks. The trial results demonstrate that the presented machine learning-based model using the YOLO algorithm is able of detecting the unsafe operation of failure of wearing a helmet at the construction point, with satisfactory delicacy and efficiency. However, also the system generates a sound indicating it, If any worker fails to wear helmet. Using color code safety helmets at the workplace is very beneficial. It is also proved that many countries which are using color coding system for safety helmets, have made the working process fast and smooth. There are some specific standard color codes which are already defined for these safety helmets based on job sites or working environment you are present. It will be very helpful for identifying the key people at the time of emergency. This system ables to detect the particular job profile that the employees holding based upon the color of helmet he/she is wearing. This system also includes a module which is able to detect whether the worker is working or idle. we analyze the movement of worker in real-time.
Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Seed Kernel of Sapindus emarginatus in Rats
Authors: Archana B , Kotesh P , Sree Ramya , Nikhitha Pole , Santosh kumar Kursenga , Afroz Shaik , Jiyarul SK
Published: June 2022

Hyperglycemia is indeed a dyslipidemia across a Globe. An International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has Predicted a certain 366 million more people have diabetes in 2011 and it has been raised up to 552 million by 2050. It approximated a certain 40 million people of hyperglycemia through India in 2007 and yet this may predicted to grow almost to 70 million affected   by 2025.  LD50   study of the ethanolic extract of S. emarginatus seed kernel (EESESK) has been done throughout Albino rats up to a daily dosage constrain of 2000 mg/kg orally (according to OECD guidelines No.425 of CPCSEA) 1/5th, 1/10th dosage as from maximum dose examined for LD50 study results were again for experimental test research to examine a impact of  S. emarginatus for a anti diabetes action.  Insulin inefficiency was found in two selected model for my study. Alloxan hydrate at such a mg dosage of 150 mg/kg i.p after 48 hrs, the EESESK   seed kernel it at a dosage of 200 mg/kg but also 400 mg/kg p.o have been administered. Dexamethasone 10 mg/kg, i.p, once daily. And at the inter of  30 mins EESESK 200 mg/kg  and 400 mg/kg  p.o had been conducted in rats for a period of 11 and 21 days respectively. At the end of the experimental, serum biomarkers such as glycogen, high cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL were analyzed by   using semi-auto analyzer. In both models EESESK at a dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited substantial impact.  Alloxan hydrate increased serum biochemical markers like glucose, high cholesterol, triglyceides, LDL, VLDL levels but decreased HDL levels. Dexamethasone caused an increase in serum glucose, High cholesterol and reduces High density lipopretein-cholesterol levels. The present study indicates that S.emarginatus seed kernel useful for the management of diabetes mellitus. S.emarginatus pollen seed found important reducing of glycogen TC, TG, LDL, VLDL levels and increased level of High Density Lipoprotein through diabetic concept mice. A enhanced high density lipoprotein is also Cardioprotective activity. Therefore S.emarginatus seed kernel must have future role to forestall forming of atherosclerosis but also cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Ethanolic extract, Seed kernel and Rats
Development and Evaluation of Losartan Potassium Floating Matrix Tablet
Authors: Chaturvedi Prateek Kumar , Gour Rajesh , Rai Janki Prasad , Singhai Akhlesh Kumar
Published: June 2022

The present study was aimed towards the development of controlled release formulations of Losartan Potassium based on designed to enhance the bioavailability by prolonging its duration in the stomach via the floating dosage forms with controlled release. This study was intended to evaluate the influence of formulation variables like levels of polymer, amount of mannitol concentrations, and coating solution ratios of semi permeable membrane on the drug release from the developed formulations. Thus, there is a strong clinical need and market potential for a dosage form that will deliver Losartan Potassium in a controlled manner to a patient needing this therapy, thereby resulting in a better patient compliance. This study was designed to enhance the bioavailability of drug by prolonging its duration in the stomach via the floating dosage forms with controlled release. Floating matrix tablets of Losartan Potassium were prepared by the direct compression method, using locust bean gum and HPMC K 15M as polymers and Sodium bicarbonate as floating agent. The effect of the nature of polymers was studied by preparing various formulations of tablets. In all these formulations, a constant amount of drug (100 mg) was maintained. The blend was initially characterized for pre-compression and post- compression parameters. Pre-compression characterization was done for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, and Hausner’s ratio. The results of pre-compression characterization were indicated good to excellent flow characteristics. Post-compression characterization includes thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, buoyancy lag time, floating time and in-vitro drug release. All the results were satisfactory as per the guideline of pharmacopoeia. The in vitro drug release studies found that formulations LPFT4 showed best sustained release profile in 24 hrs. Among the nine formulations (LPFT1 to LPFT9) prepared formulations LPFT4 was found to be the best formulations in terms of sustained drug release. Drug release kinetics was performed by using various kinetic models such as Zero order, First order, Korsmeyer- Peppas and Higuchi’s equation and followed supercase II transport diffusion kinetic models.

Keywords: Oral drug delivery system, Gastroretentive technology, losartan potassium, floating tablet, matrix tablet
New Smartphone based Colorimetric Method Development and validation for the Drugs containing Nitrogen, Sulphur and Phosphorus in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Choudhary Naresh Rajendra , Choksi Parin , Mashru Rajashree
Published: June 2022

A method for determining the concentration of coloured compounds in a solution is colorimetry. The intensity of the colour is related to the chemical concentration being measured. Because of their low cost and ability to collect, store, and interpret data all in one device, smartphone-based colorimetry has increased in popularity as an analytical tool. The camera on the phone is used as a detector in smartphone colorimetry. Both the smartphone colorimetric method and the UV method relied on the detection of colour intensity as concentration rose. Distinct oxidation states of ammonium metavanadate generate different colours depending on the oxidation state. The +5-oxidation state appears yellow, the +4-oxidation state appears blue, the +3-oxidation state appears green, and the +2-oxidation state appears purple. The ammonium metavanadate reagent is orange red in colour, but when it combines with pharmaceuticals that contain nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulphur in their structure, it turns green. The developed approach for all of the drugs in this article is linear. The colour intensity increases as the concentration of API increases. All of the photos were captured on a smartphone and analysed with photometrix PRO software. The photometrix PRO application turns an image to an RGB histogram, and it also includes regression models. The percent RSD for all three drugs was less than 2 employing Photometrix PRO and UV method. Using a statistical method called a two-paired test, the results reveal that both procedures are equally significant for all three drugs.
Keywords: Uv spectrophotometry, Photometrix PRO, RGB Histogram, Sumatriptan Succinate, Gemifloxacin, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Students’ Motivation and self-regulated learning in health professions during Compulsory E-learning in COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Hiba A. Awooda  , Nisreen Daffa Allah Omer Hajedris
Published: June 2022

Our objective is to assess motivation and self-regulated learning domains among undergraduate health professional students during compulsory E-learning in the COVID-19 pandemic, and explore inter-gender variabilities and the correlation between test anxiety and self-regulated learning. Institutional based descriptive study, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was administered to 291 healthy undergraduate students of health professions programs at Al Marefa University. Two months after shifting to compulsory E-learning, students were invited to return an online standardized self- administered questionnaire via Google form. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Reliability analysis with an average close to or exceeds the recommended value  (α = 0.7). The extrinsic motivation was higher than the intrinsic one, the use of learning strategies was modest. Female students displayed significantly higher motivation and learning strategies scores (P=0.001). Male had higher extrinsic goal orientation P= 0.001, self-efficacy P= 0.043, Help-seeking P= 0.017, while females had a higher time study environment  P=0.027.  Also,  the  youngest  and oldest  students were  the  most motivated ones  (P= 0.04).  A  positive correlation  exists  between  test  anxiety  and  extrinsic  goal  orientation  (P=0.000).  Statistically  significant  correlations  exist between test anxiety and all of the learning strategies scales. There are adequate levels of motivation with moderate use of learning  strategies  among  health  professional  students  during  sudden  shifting  to  compulsory  E-learning  in  the  COVID-19 pandemic. Females’ students were more self-regulated learners than males. Further investigation of the use of the Motivated Strategies  for Learning  Questionnaire  and its association  with academic  achievement  is recommended  to assess  the online teaching experience.
Influence of Short-Term Supplementation with Anabolic Steroid Drug Oxymetholone And /Or Creatine Widely Used In Ksa on Some Fertility Biomarkers in Albino Rats
Authors: Sarah T Batais  , Manal Ea Elhalwagy  , Najla O Ayaz
Published: June 2022

Abuse supplement is becoming a public health problem due to the adverse effects on health and semen quality in Saudi Arabia for the last few years. The present work is aimed to investigates the effect of individual supplementation with oxymetholone as Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) or creatine protein are the most common nutritional supplement use in the KSA and their mixture on some fertility biomarkers, oxidant-antioxidant activities as well as tissues structure of testis of albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats weighing around 150-200 g were classified into four groups of 10 rats each. Group I: control  untreated  group.  Group  II: treated  with  oxymetholone  (150  mg/day).  Group  III: treated  with creatine  protein  (20 mg/day). Group IV: treated with Oxymetholone (150 mg/day) and creatine protein (20 mg /day) simultaneously. All animals were given orally for 30 days. Individual supplementation with each of oxymetholone or creatine induced significant upregulation in oxidative stress biomarkers Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonyls (PC), 8-Hydroxy Guanosine (8OHG). In addition, it also significantly  reduced  the  antioxidants  activities  Total  Antioxidant  Capacity  (TAC),  Catalase  (CAT),  Superoxide  Dismutase (SOD).  Remarkable  reduction  in  each  of  testosterone  hormone,  luteinizing  hormone,  sperm  counts,  and  motility  was pronounced in oxymetholone treated group than creatine group. The potentiality of oxymetholone was obvious in the mixture treated group. Changes in testis structure architecture follow the same previous trend that confirmed the clinical results. In conclusion; AAS and proteins should be used under supervision of special physicians because it will be very harmful for the reproductive life of users.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT REVIEWS IN THE ABSENCE OF LABELLED DATA USING SUPERVISED LEARNING APPROACHES
Authors: Muhammad Waqar , Mushtaq Maria , Junejo Khurum Nazir , Khan Muhammad Yaseen
Published: June 2022

With the growing pace of internet usage, there is a vast variety of diverse individual opinions and thoughts avail-able online. Consumer reviews can act as a feedback and as well as a pool of ideas for which they can be of immense importance to any business. With the growth and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, people now can and do, actively use information technology to seek out and un-derstand the opinions of others to decide whether to buy a product or not. Social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and e-commerce websites such as eBay, Amazon, etc. are being widely used to communicate viewpoints effectively. Assigning a positive or a negative sentiment to these reviews can help companies understand their users and also help users to make better decisions. Sentiment analysis being a challenging task can be tackled using supervised machine learning techniques or through unsupervised lexicon based approaches if labelled data is unavailable. In this study, we show that in absence of labelled product reviews of a particular website, labelled product reviews from a different website can be effectively used to train the supervised techniques to achieve a comparable performance to the unsupervised lexicon based approaches. This approach also benefits by covering all of the product reviews which the lexicon based approaches fail to do so. We deduce this by comparing five su-pervised approached and three lexicon based approaches on iPhone 5s reviews gathered from Amazon, Facebook, and Reevoo blog. Furthermore, we also found that unigram features combined with bigram features give the best results, and the effect of varying the training data size on the performance of ML classifiers in some cases was significant whereas in other cases it did not have any effect. Our results also suggest that reviews from Amazon are easiest to classify, followed by reviews from Reevo, and Facebook reviews are the hardest to classify.
AUTOMATIC ARABIC SIGN LANGUAGE RECOGNITION: A REVIEW, TAXONOMY, OPEN CHALLENGES, RESEARCH ROADMAP AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Al-Shamayleh Ahmad Sami , Ahmad Rodina , Jomhari Nazean , M. Abushariah Mohammad A.
Published: June 2022

Sign language is still the best communication mean between the deaf and hearing impaired citizens. Due to the advancements in technology, we are able to find various research attempts and efforts on Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) technology for many languages including the Arabic language. Such attempts have simplified and assisted the interpretation between spoken and sign languages. In fact, the technologies that translate between spoken and sign languages have become popular today. Being the first comprehensive and up-to-date review that studies the state-of-the-art ASLR in perspective to Arabic Sign Language Recognition (ArSLR), this review is a contribution to ArSLR research community. In this paper, the research background and fundamentals of ArSLR are provided. ArSLR research taxonomies, databases, open challenges, future research trends, and directions, and a roadmap to ArSLR research are presented. This review investigates two major taxonomies. The primary taxonomy that is related to the capturing mechanism of the gestures for ArSLR, which can be either a Vision-Based Recognition (VBR) approach or Sensor-Based Recognition (SBR) approach. The secondary taxonomy that is related to the type and task of the gestures for ArSLR, which can be either the Arabic alphabet, isolated words, or continuous sign language recognition. In addition, less research attempts have been directed towards Arabic continuous sign language recognition task compared to other tasks, which marks a research gap that can be considered by the research community. To the best of our knowledge, all previous research attempts and reviews on sign language recognition for ArSL used forehand signs. This shows that the backhand signs have not been considered for ArSL tasks, which creates another important research gap to be filled up. Therefore, we recommend more research initiatives to contribute to these gaps by using an SBR approach for signers' dependent and independent approaches.
CAN MUSIC LIKES IN FACEBOOK DETERMINE YOUR PERSONALITY?
Authors: Managuran Kala Devi , Varathan Kasturi Dewi , Derhem Al-Garadi Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2022

The ‘like’ icon is the most frequently used among all icons on Facebook. Although this social media platform is used by many people to express their music preferences publicly, Facebook ‘likes’ are still underutilised in determining personality. Thus, music ‘likes’ was employed in this study to gauge the personality of individuals based on a model that was developed by mapping music genres and personality traits. A computational technique that gauges users’ personalities on the basis of their music ‘likes’ on Facebook was also introduced. Results discovered that personality traits based on music preferences on Facebook assisted in revealing the personality of individuals. Furthermore, similar patterns in personality traits were obtained from a manual test, i.e., the Big Five inventory test performed on each respondent. Music genres and personality traits were mapped by the proposed model to examine the relationship between these two variables and the findings revealed that music ‘likes’ can be utilised to identify the personality of individuals.
GLOBAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW OF ITS PRACTICES
Authors: Ali Naveed , Lai Richard
Published: June 2022

Global Software Development (GSD) is multi-site software development with software teams scattered across different places around the world. To gain the benefits of the lower cost of software development and access to international talents, many organizations are using GSD. However, earlier studies reported that achieving these benefits can be difficult and GSD involves risks. This paper presents a systematic review of GSD and aim to provide the findings about the current practices, benefits, associated risks, and difficulties associated with it.The review was conducted in accordance with the systematic review procedures and processes defined by Kitchenham. By following these guidelines, six digital libraries to gather information on the prevalent trends and practices in GSD were searched. The outcomes presented in this study are based on 204 studies, published in peer-reviewed conferences and journals. Our findings will enable readers to understand the current practices, benefits, risks and difficulties associated with GSD. As a result, they can form realistic expectations before making a decision to engage in GSD or not, and formulate better pre-contract and post-contract planning in order to increase the chances of project success. A merit of this paper as compared to previous survey papers on GSD is that it reports the issues related to cultural diversity, requirements engineering and software architecture.
FUZZY ADAPTIVE WHALE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR NUMERIC OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Kaya Ersin , Kılıç Alper , Babaoğlu İsmail , Babalık Ahmet
Published: June 2022

Meta-heuristic approaches are used as a powerful tool for solving numeric optimization problems. Since these problems are deeply concerned with their diversified characteristics, investigation of the utilization of algorithms is significant for the researchers. Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is one of the novel meta-heuristic algorithms employed for solving numeric optimization problems. WOA deals with exploitation and exploration of the search space in three stages, and in every stage, all dimensions of the candidate solutions are updated. The drawback of this update scheme is to lead the convergence of the algorithm to stack. Some known meta-heuristic approaches treat this issue by updating one or a predetermined number of dimensions in their update scheme. To improve the exploitation behavior of WOA, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based adaptive WOA (FAWOA) is suggested in this study. An FLC realizes the update scheme of WOA, and the proposed FLC determines the rate of the change in terms of dimension. The suggested FAWOA is evaluated using 23 well-known benchmark problems and compared with some other meta-heuristic approaches. Considering the benchmark problems, FAWOA achieves best results on 11 problem and only differential evaluation algorithm achieve best results on 10 problems. The rest of the algorithms couldn’t achieve the best results on not more than 5 problems. Besides, according to the Friedman and average ranking tests, FAWOA is the first ranked algorithm for solving the benchmark problems. Evaluation results show that the suggested FAWOA approach outperforms the other algorithms as well as the WOA in most of the benchmark problems.
DIAGNOSIS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME USING MACHINE LEARNING, STATISTICAL AND RISK QUANTIFICATION TECHNIQUES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Adamu Kakudi Habeebah , Chu Kiong Loo , Moy Foong Ming , Chee Kau Lim , Pasupa Kitsuchart
Published: June 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), known to substantially lower the quality of life is associated with the increased incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Evidence suggests that MetS accounts for the highest global mortality rate. For the early and accurate diagnosis of MetS, various statistical and ML techniques have been developed to support its clinical diagnosis. We performed a systematic review to investigate the various statistical and machine learning techniques (ML) that have been used to support the clinical diagnoses of MetS from the earliest studies to December 2020. Published literature relating to statistical and ML techniques for the diagnosis of MetS were identified by searching five major scientific databases: PubMed, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, ACM digital library, and SpringerLink. Fifty-seven primary studies that met the inclusion criteria were obtained after screening titles, abstracts and full text. Three main types of techniques were identified: statistical (n=10), ML (n=44), and risk quantification (n=3). Standardized Z-score is the only statistical technique identified while the ML techniques include principal component analysis, confirmatory factory analysis, artificial neural networks, multiple logistics regression, decision trees, support vector machines, random forests, and Bayesian networks. The areal similarity degree risk quantification, framingham risk score and simScore were the three risk quantification techniques identified. Evidence suggests that evaluated ML techniques, with accuracy ranging from 75.5% to 98.9%, can more accurately diagnose MetS than both statistical and risk quantification techniques. The standardised Z-score is the most frequent statistical technique identified. However, highlighted proof based on performance measures indicate that the decision tree and artificial neural network ML techniques have the highest predictive performance for the prediction of MetS. Evidence suggests that more accurate diagnosis of MetS is required to evaluate the predictive performance of the statistical and ML techniques.
VARIANTS OF NEURAL NETWORKS: A REVIEW
Authors: Nayef Bahera Hani , Sheikh Abdullah Siti Norul Huda , Sulaiman Rossilawati , Alyasseri Zaid Abdi Al Kareem
Published: June 2022

Machine learning (ML) techniques are part of artificial intelligence. ML involves imitating human behavior in solving different problems, such as object detection, text handwriting recognition, and image classification. Several techniques can be used in machine learning, such as Neural Networks (NN). The expansion in information technology enables researchers to collect large amounts of various data types. The challenging issue is to uncover neural network parameters suitable for object detection problems. Therefore, this paper presents a literature review of the latest proposed and developed components in neural network techniques to cope with different sizes and data types. A brief discussion is also introduced to demonstrate the different types of neural network parameters, such as activation functions, loss functions, and regularization methods. Moreover, this paper also uncovers parameter optimization methods and hyperparameters of the model, such as weight, the learning rate, and the number of iterations. From the literature, it is notable that choosing the activation function, loss function, number of neural network layers, and data size is the major factor affecting NN performance. Additionally, utilizing deep learning NN resulted in a significant improvement in model performance for a variety of issues, which became the researcher's attention.
The association of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and fatalities with stock market returns: A case of the USA and China
Authors: Rehman Ramiz Ur , Ahmad Muhammad Ishafq , Naseem Muhammad Akram , Ueng Joe
Published: June 2022

The daily stock indices/returns of the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) were examined from January 2, 2020, to April 2, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The sample was then split into three event windows. The returns were negative during the post-COVID-19 window for both markets. Interestingly, a positive link was found between NYSE returns and COVID-19 cases and deaths during the peak COVID-19 death window. These findings indicate the buying frenzy of investors in the NYSE in the wake of the increased pandemic level as compared to the SSE.