bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic and social aspects of the worldview and their reflection in culture
Authors:   Armavir Institute of Mechanics  and Technology (branch) of  Kuban State Technological University, Karapetyan Elena Avetikovna , Shkuropiy Olga Ivanovna ,   Armavir Institute of Mechanics  and Technology (branch) of  Kuban State Technological University
Published: June 2018

The paper discusses the origin and development of the ethnic worldview, its various aspects related to the national cultural tradition. In contrast to the growing trend towards globalization, the relevance of the study is due to the interest in the problems of national and ethnic development, the existence of individual communities in different regions, the study of national cultures, social and cultural life of peoples inhabiting our planet. The purpose of the study is to identify the essential elements of the worldview of ethnic groups which are inextricably linked with their culture and the nature of their everyday life reflected in culture. Based on various research, the authors analyze the values of the ethnic group, its sociocultural attitudes, and the peculiarities of world perception and mental characteristics of the worldview as an essential component of ethnic and national culture. In addition, the authors examine the worldview as a result of the cognitive activity of the ethnic group focused on understanding the world around. They investigate various aspects of collective, national consciousness in terms of ethnic culture, in particular in folklore. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the ethnic worldview is considered at two levels: the unconscious level derived from the collective archetypes, myths, mental forms of ethnic consciousness and the logical one achieved in the process of comprehending the surrounding reality by national culture. The practical significance of the study is that the authors highlight the essential elements of national and cultural traditions. It provides an opportunity for their preservation and development as intrinsic social value of national reality.
The problematic correlation between ethnic and religious consciousness as a factor in the worldview development of the modern youth
Authors:   Chechen State Pedagogical University, Sugaipova Elina Ibragimovna
Published: June 2018

The study focuses on the issue of ability/inability of one community to possess two forms of public consciousness simultaneously. The review of such concepts as ethnic consciousness and religious consciousness can provide an opportunity for a comprehensive study on the correlation between the above-mentioned forms of public consciousness, since an attempt is made to analyze their relationship in a particular region, i.e. the Chechen Republic, especially among Chechen youth. The problem of correlation between ethnic and religious components in the worldview structure is defined as quite relevant in terms of educating young people. Having analyzed the relationship between ethnic and religious consciousness, the author revealed the identity from the standpoint of worldview functions that turned out to be similar. The author presented the term ‘ethnic and religious consciousness’ as an indicator of the strong correlation between ethnic and religious forms of consciousness in the context of personality’s development.
Absolute monarch in Peter I’s outlook: problem statement
Authors:   South Ural State University of  Humanities and Education Science, Vasilenko Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2018

Peter I is described as an ardent Westerner in Russian and foreign historical sciences, however, it is not quite true. The purpose of the study is to analyze Peter I’s views on the role of an absolute monarch in state and society. The novelty of the approach is that Peter’s outlook is considered as a complex combination of Western rational philosophy and traditional patriarchal mentality of the Russian society. Peter the Great grasped the idea of the rational society system inherent in the Western philosophy of the 17th century, the society which provided the rights and interests of all individuals; but urging for the so-called ‘common good’ soon was transformed in serving to the state in his activity. He understood the state as something given by the God. The monarch was considered to be the constructor of the God-given land, teacher, preceptor and even father of his people. He was a subordinate servant of his state and motherland at the same time. Such conception of the tremendous power of an absolute monarch and his high responsibility referred to the elements of traditional outlook. Peter I understood his responsibility for his people and society taken in Western philosophy within his mentality. The latter was formed as a part of traditional outlook characterized by sacrality and authoritarian nature of power, submission of individual actions to state interests, differences in rights and duties of classes.
The constitutionality of restrictions on the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to travel abroad
Authors: Starkova Yuliya Mikhaylovna ,   Saratov State University
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with the problem of restrictions on the right of Russian citizens to travel abroad. The list of restrictions on the above-mentioned right is exhaustive and is not subject to the extended interpretation. The case law of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation confirming the constitutionality of such restrictions is presented. It is suggested that restrictions are a civilized way of regulating the freedom in the society which helps achieve a balance between private and public interests. At the same time, an analysis of the restrictions enshrined in the law makes it possible to note that each of them is based on the dispositive principle and the principle of proportionality and meets the requirements of international standards in the field of human and citizen rights and freedoms. The author concludes that it is necessary to improve Russian legislation on the matter at hand, since it should clearly regulate the ground for and limits of restrictions under review.
Efficiency assessment of motivational components in employment behavior management in the multinational corporation
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Subocheva Oksana Nikolaevna
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with the impact of such motivational components as wages, benefits, health insurance, training, career development, and company loyalty on the employment behavior in the multinational corporation focused on confectionery. It is important to take into account the cross-cultural differences in HR management of a multinational corporation in Russian context and international management practices applied by domestic enterprises. A method of analyzing the score of motivational components is demonstrated. It allows one to identify the number of employees who are highly, moderately, or poorly motivated. The study presents an empirical interpretation of employment behavior patterns of staff having different degrees of motivation. The research defines a group of employees whose motivation must be emphasized because their attitude to work in a company is unstable and depends on external factors. The author develops the relevant recommendations to upgrade bonus system and create a flexible compensation package for this category of personnel.
Figurative language in speeches of judicial speakers as one of the effective communication techniques
Authors:   North Caucasus branch of  Russian State University of Justice, Zemlyakova Ninel Vladimirovna , Garbovskaya Nadezhda Bronislavovna ,   North Caucasus branch of  Russian State University of Justice
Published: June 2018

The study analyzes the figurative language which ensures the effectiveness of the judicial speech. In different historical epochs, the requirements for the speech of judicial speakers were modified and consequently affected the imagery used for delivering a judicial speech. Nowadays, the professional activity of lawyers is considered in the context of their skills to master a word, make convincing arguments, achieve lively and imaginative speech. The effective trials and professional decision-making are directly determined by tactical techniques and rhetorical devices, figures of speech, verbal means used by judicial speakers. The imagery is presented as a component of the judicial eloquence. The paper demonstrates the role of units of all levels of language making the speech of judicial speakers more expressive. The study focuses on the stylistic level of language as a way to achieve the imagery of speech. Based on the analysis of figures of speech and tropes, the authors reveal that the metaphor and epithet are used as the leading expressive means that are driven by opportunities to strengthen the persuading function in judicial speeches.
Implementation of the state youth policy in Russia: regional aspect
Authors:   Belgorod State National  Research University, Shapovalova Inna Sergeevna , Malikova Elena Vasilyevna ,   Chechen State University
Published: June 2018

The study discusses the implementation of the Russian state youth policy at the regional level. The authors demonstrate that the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are responsible for the implementation of the focal points of the policy. The main goals of the youth policy are to improve the environment for personal fulfillment of young people and develop their socially significant qualities. A model of the state youth policy is described. The authors emphasize that the state youth policy programs in regions should be based on priority federal purposes and reflect the unique and specific features of each entity of the Russian Federation. The state youth policy should be carried out in the context of the ethnic and cultural diversities and the specific nature of any Russian region. The focus is on the way to adapt the state youth policy to regional circumstances consisting of institutional, technological, and resource subsystems. In conclusion, the authors develop recommendations for enhancing the state youth policy at the regional level.
Social and cultural aspects of inclusive education for children with disabilities
Authors:   Sterlitamak Institute of Physical Training (branch) of  Ural State University of Physical Training, Ponomareva Tatiana Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2018

In recent years, the values of inclusive education have been updated in Russian education and society. The paper analyzes the status of inclusive education in Russia. The creation of an adaptive (inclusive) environment, which implies the available education for all students in terms of adapting to the different needs of children with disabilities, is a prerequisite for the implementation of inclusive principles in educational institutions at all levels. The introduction of elements of social and cultural activities into the inclusive educational process will help the actors of an inclusive process master cultural standards and patterns of behavior, meet the spiritual needs and needs for communication, will contribute to their positive perceptions of each other and change the attitude towards the phenomenon of disability. The creative social and cultural environment of the inclusive educational space makes it possible to facilitate the socialization of children with special educational needs.
Social Networks and Civic Mobilizations (Portugal, 2012)
Authors: Babo Isabel , Silva Célia Taborda
Published: June 2018

In Portugal, in 2012, the movement “To hell with troika! We want our lives!” emerged from digital social networks and with demonstration on the street on September 15. This social movement has patented new forms of public mobilization and protest motivated by citizens' dissatisfaction with the austerity measures of the Portuguese government, but it is part of the line of protest that has been taking place at the international level. Social networks were used to trigger mobilization, but the protest did not dispense with the traditional forms of expression in the public space, such as gatherings in the squares, rallies, marches and posters. Using a corpus taken from the written press, the event was analyzed using a theoretical and conceptual framework of theories of public space, social movements, and social networks. In this article we intend to reflect on the current protest movements, social networks and collective action, at a time when activism is exercised in electronic connections and in the street. Through this movement we aim to question whether we are facing new configurations of mobilization, visibility, public action and the creation of a common space, and / or if we are facing a continuity of the traditional social movement with the incorporation of new "repertoires of action".
City: Melting Locus and Cross-Cultural Difference Versus Rural (The Case of Tirana after the 90s)
Authors: Rusta Ana
Published: June 2018

After the 1990s, with the recognition of a number of rights denied during the communist regime, such as free movement, there was a large movement of internal migration from rural areas to large urban areas, especially towards the city of Tirana. A number of factors, mainly economic and social factors, favored this massive population movement from rural areas to urban areas. Almost complete disintegration of the economic base in rural areas, as well as infrastructure shortages, have pushed large numbers of population into urban areas, especially towards the periphery, across migration flows. On the other hand, enormous rural migration not only redefined the physical boundaries of the city but also produced new social and economic forms. As a result of interaction and confrontation of the social and cultural mentalities between rural and urban population (the case of Tirana) emerged several phenomena that created a clear demarcation area under the cultural and social aspects, as well as semi-rural or semiurban hybrid interaction. In this perspective, this essay attempts to use a multidisciplinary approach to explain the general factors of this massive internal migration but also some aspects of the newly-formed landscape of social and cultural mentalities after this migration. As a result of this cultural interaction, we attempt to understand the reality of various subcultures in the city of Tirana and social behaviors in order to clarify the effects of this process regarding the dilemma on the ruralization of the urban or urbanization of the rural population.
The Štúrs and Slovak education in the first half of the 19th century
Authors: Lopatková Zuzana
Published: June 2018

In the first half of the 19th century a law of 1806 was still in force in the field of education in Hungary. This law defined the organisation and content of education and was based on the school reforms of Empress Maria Theresa (1740–1780). The state had strengthened its influence on education and adapted it to the changing needs of economic and social life. The political freedom of the Slovak nation, including its language and education system, naturally became a focus for Ľudovít Štúr, who at that time was a key representative of Slovak national life and a leading personality of the Slovak national revival, as well as his collaborators, who in Slovak history were called “Štúr´s followers”. But the Štúr generation did not wait for the state and the law to solve the school issue, but actively contributed to the building of Slovak education by the establishment of Sunday schools, libraries and reading societies. The introduction of Hungarian language as a teaching language in Slovak national schools, however, became a new factor in Hungarian school policy.
New Materials for Studying Preparation and Staging of the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in 1957
Authors:   Schwerin, Federal Republic of Germany, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sawert Daniel
Published: June 2018

The article assesses archival materials on the festival movement in the Soviet Union in 1950s, including its peak, the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students held in 1957 in Moscow. Even now the Moscow festival is seen in the context of international cultural politics of the Cold War and as a unique event for the Soviet Union. The article is to put the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in the context of other youth festivals held in the Soviet Union. The festivals of 1950s provided a field for political, social, and cultural experiments. They also have been the crucible of a new way of communication and a new language of design. Furthermore, festivals reflected the new (althogh relative) liberalism in the Soviet Union. This liberalism, first of all, was expressed in the fact that festivals were organized by the Komsomol and other Soviet public and cultural organisations. Taking the role of these organisations into consideration, the research draws on the documents of the Ministry of culture, the All-Russian Stage Society, as well as personal documents of the artists. Furthermore, the author has gained access to new archive materials, which have until now been part of no research, such as documents of the N. Krupskaya Central Culture and Art Center and of the central committees of various artistic trade unions. These documents confirm the hypothesis that the festivals provided the Komsomol and the Communist party with a means to solve various social, educational, and cultural problems. For instance, in Central Asia with its partiarchal society, the festivals focuced on female emancipation. In rural Central Asia, as well as in other non-russian parts of the Soviet Union, there co-existed different ways of celebrating. Local traditions intermingled with cultural standards prescribed by Moscow. At the first glance, the modernisation of the Soviet society was succesful. The youth acquired political and cultural level that allowed the Soviet state to compete with the West during the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students. During the festival, however, it became apparent, that the Soviet cultural scheme no longer met the dictates of times. Archival documents show that after the Festival cultural and party officials agreed to ease off dogmatism and to tolerate some of the foreign cultural phenomena.
‘I... Should Never Forget What You Did for Me.’ Letters of Famous Russian Emigre Historian Nikolai Ottokar to Italian Scholar Gaetano Salvemini
Authors:   F. M. Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Klyuev Artem I.
Published: June 2018

This article is a publication of letters of Nikolai Petrovich Ottokar (1884-1957), Russian emigre historian, specialist in the history of the Florentine Republic, professor at the University of Florence, to his colleague and opponent Gaetano Salvemini (1873-1957), established authority in Italian historiography, fervent antifascist, and emigrant as well. The author feels that the historiography implies that there was a certain strain between two historians that stemmed in Ottokar's harsh criticism of Salvemini’s concept of the history of late Duecento era Florence, which he proposed in 1899. Also Ottokar succeeded Salvemini at the Department of Contemporary History after Salvemini was expelled by the fascists from the University of Florence. The scholarship cites Ottokar’s manifest ‘loyalty’ to the fascist regime in Italy, including his likely party membership. It recalls his cooperation in a number of scientific projects of the fascist era, for instance, the Enciclopedia italiana. The author feels that the texts published below allow to correct this outlook and also to add several significant details to the research field. First, as follows from the texts below, the relationship between two historians was clearly not strained, but rather friendly. Secondly, the published letters add a number of interesting details to the biography of the Russian scientist. It should be noted that the Italian scientist played an important role in Ottokar’s life in 1924-1925. Apparently, Salvemini helped Ottokar to settle in Florence, where he emigrated from Perm in 1921. Apparently, Ottokar began his work at the University of Florence at the instigation of the Italian scientist. This, by the way, can testify, albeit indirectly, of a rather longer acquaintance of two scientists, which could have begun in the early 1910s, during N.P. Ottokar’s international trip. Letters are published from autographs stored in the fond of Gaetano Salvemini in the Istituto storico Toscana della Resistenza in Italian and in Russian translation by the author accomplished with permission of the Comitato Salvemini.
History of Relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union in Documents from Serbian and Russian Archives
Authors:   Kursk State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, Konoreva Irina A. , Selivanov Igor N. ,   Kursk State University, Kursk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2018

The review characterizes two collections of archival documents published in Belgrade and Moscow. They contain materials on the history of Yugoslavo-Soviet relations in 1964-1980s from the Archive of Yugoslavia and the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. The reviewed collections continue the series of publications of the Archive of Yugoslavia (‘Documents on Yugoslavia Foreign Policy’) and of the International Fund ‘Democracy’ (‘Russia: The 20th century’). The collections contain over 100 documents, most of which are published for the first time. They address problems of international relations and domestic policy of the two countries. These problems were discussed by the leaders of Yugoslavia and the USSR at their one-on-one meetings. These discussions allow to trace the process of establishment of mutually beneficial relations. There are materials on general problems of international relations, as well as regional issues: estimation of the role of the USA in the international affaires; impact of the Non-Aligned Movement; European problems; political situation in the Near, Middle, and Far East, and in the Southeast Asia; etc. The chronological framework include events of the Second Indo-Chinese War. The 2-volume collection includes I. B. Tito’s and L. I. Brezhnev’s assessments of the operations in Vietnam and their characterization of the American policy in the region. Its name index and glossary of abbreviations simplify working with documents. The materials of these collections may be of interest to professional historians, Master Program students specializing in history and international relations, who may use them as an educational resource, and post-graduate students researching issues of World and East-European history.
Trabajo Social y Derechos Humanos: perspectivas, posibilidades y desafíos a partir de la experiencia chilena
Authors: Rubilar-Donoso Gabriela
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza y discute la forma en que se ha construido la relación entre el Trabajo Social y los derechos humanos en Chile. Para lograr lo anterior se recurre a los elementos del enfoque biográfico-narrativo y a los testimonios de profesionales que se desempeñaron en este ámbito durante la dictadura cívico-militar. A través de esta aproximación se re-significa el concepto de trabajo en derechos humanos, incluyendo una mirada intergeneracional que considera nuevas perspectivas en torno a los enfoques de derechos y su relación con las políticas sociales. A partir de los hallazgos se discuten las posibilidades de integrar en el ejercicio y en la reflexión profesional una aproximación de este tipo en torno a los derechos humanos, que incluya los aportes de las distintas generaciones en contexto de postdictadura en Chile. El trabajo concluye ilustrando algunos desafíos para el abordaje de nuevas problemáticas que suponen un reposicionamiento de este enfoque y una ampliación de sus alcances, lo que implica incluir a colectivos y a fenómenos sociales hasta este momento no considerados.
Derechos Humanos y Trabajo Social, ¿una relación reconocible en el ejercicio libre de la profesión?
Authors: Moneo-Estany Berta A. , Anaut-Bravo Sagrario
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo es una revisión teórica que parte de la relación del Trabajo Social con los Derechos Humanos, entendiendo que el Trabajo Social ha sido y continúa siendo un medio idóneo para la implementación social y política de los Derechos Humanos. En ese diálogo de larga trayectoria, acontecimientos como la reciente crisis económica, la progresiva especialización de la intervención social, los cambios en la estructura sociodemográfica y el cuestionamiento del modelo del Estado de Bienestar, han introducido retos profesionales para el Trabajo Social. Entre ellos, la relectura del ejercicio libre de la profesión en España y su relación con los Derechos Humanos. Sin dejar de lado los principios y valores que han caracterizado desde sus inicios al Trabajo Social como disciplina científica y su estrecha relación con los Derechos Humanos, el objetivo planteado es identificar si se reconoce la relación entre los Derechos Humanos y el ejercicio libre de la profesión. Realizada una profusa revisión bibliográfica se puede afirmar que no se han encontrado evidencias suficientes (ni referencias teóricas ni experiencias prácticas) que expliciten cuál es la realidad de dicha relación. Todo apunta a que el ejercicio libre es una realidad que todavía necesita sistematizar su práctica y demostrar su estrecha relación con los principios y valores, tanto del Trabajo Social, como de los Derechos Humanos.
Para pequenos grandes espectadores: a produção televisiva brasileira direcionada a crianças pequenas a partir do caso da Galinha Pintadinha
Authors: Holzbach Ariane Diniz
Published: June 2018

A programação televisiva para crianças vem ganhando contornos de superprodução recentemente, quando espaços como o YouTube abrem novas possibilidades de consumo audiovisual. No Brasil, é possível apontar diversas estratégias desenvolvidas pelas empresas que gerenciam esses conteúdos de forma a atrair um número cada vez maior de público, o que vem reconfigurando todo o circuito comunicativo desse conteúdo. O artigo faz um breve histórico da presença dos desenhos na televisão, com destaque para o contexto brasileiro, e analisa as estratégias de veiculação de um dos mais famosos desenhos brasileiros direcionados a crianças com até 3 anos: a Galinha Pintadinha. Com isso, foi possível entender a complexificação do circuito que envolve esse tipo de conteúdo e a maneira com a qual novas plataformas, como o YouTube, ajudam a reconfigurar o lugar dos conteúdos audiovisuais infantis.
Spectrum of ocular malignant tumors in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Kafle Santosh Upadhyaya , Khadka Dinesh , Karki Smriti , Lavaju Poonam
Published: June 2018

Introductions: The pattern of ocular malignant tumors in institutes of Eastern Nepal was analyzed by a retrospective study. Ocular malignant tumors are relatively rare compared to other eye lesions, and require immediate diagnosis and management. Ignorance or unawareness can result into debility, loss of vision, and even death. This study provides spectrum of ocular malignant tumor correlating its pathological and clinical findings.Methods: This cross sectional study includes ninety-six cases of ocular malignant tumors diagnosed in the department of pathology from January 2005 to December 2009. Relevant history, clinical findings and light microscopic findings were reviewed. Descriptive analysis was done.Results: A total of 96 patient’s records were studied. Age ranged between 1-90 years. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Retinoblastoma was found in 34.5%, basal cell carcinoma in (18%), squamous cell carcinoma in 14.5% and malignant melanoma in 10.5%.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and management help to reduce debility and loss of vision in the patients as well as help ophthalmologist in shaping the strategy for diagnosis and management of malignant neoplasm. This help in decreasing morbidity and mortality of the patient. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2016. page: 15-17
Heat Treatment of Sintered Steels – what is different?*
Authors: Danninger H. , Dlapka M.
Published: June 2018

Powder metallurgy ferrous precision parts are employed in numerous industrial sectors. In case of high mechanical loading, as e. g. in automotive applications, heat treatment is frequently required after the press-and-sinter manufacturing. Here the specific features of PM parts have to be considered, in particular the presence of open and/or graded porosity. In the present study it is shown that processes such as sinter hardening, low pressure carburizing and plasma nitriding are particularly suited for sintered parts since the problems usually caused by the porosity can largely be avoided. By appropriate selection of the alloying system combined with optimum sintering and heat treatment, components can be obtained that are competitive to parts machined from wrought steels but offer additional benefits such as attractive NVH (noise-vibration-harshness) behavior.
Additional recovery of gold from waste after processing of gold-containing ores of Kazakhstan
Authors:   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Erdenova M.B. , Kojzhanova A.K. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Kamalov E.M. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Abdyldayev N.N. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Abubakriyev A.T. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC
Published: June 2018

The one of the important activities of gold mining industry is the involvement of refractory hard-to-enrich gold-containing raw materials into retreatment, as well as the tailings dams, which occupy huge areas and worsen the ecological state of the regions.The studies are aimed at re-extraction of gold out of technogenic raw materials possess not only scientific and practical, but also social and environmental significance. The pre-oxidation procedures are applied in the retreatment of raw materials, one of which is bio-oxidation of gold-containing raw materials method using A.Ferrooxidans bio-leaching solution.This method makes it possible to intensify the process of bio-oxidation extraction of gold from gold-containing raw materials due to the deeper development of sulphides. Therefore, the studies aimed at increasing the efficiency of gold re-extraction out of technogenic raw materials are of current interest. The results of researches regarding the extraction of gold out of stale tailings of gold extraction plant Altyntau Kokshetau using A.Ferrooxidans bio-leaching solution are performed in the article. The chemical, mineral and X-ray phase matter of sample was studied. It has been shown that the sample has a silicate base, represented by quartz, albite-anorthite mixture, muscovite and kaolinite.It has been found that the sample contains 8.49 g / t Au and 2.4 g / t Ag. The different leaching options were carried out: 1) re-grinding is followed by cyanidation; 2) cyanide leaching with preliminary sulfuric acid washing; 3) bio-oxidation using A.Ferrooxidans bacterial solution. It has been shown that the use of preliminary bio-oxidation makes it possible to increase the gold extraction. As a result, it was found that re-extraction of gold out of the stale tailings of sorption by two-stage leaching – bacterial opening of the raw materials, and then cyanidation are the most effective one.The best indicator of gold extraction in solutions as regards the first option resulted in 62.7% of gold, at the second option with the use of sodium chloride and the subsequent cyanidation was 79%, and at the third option of biochemical technology with sodium cyanide was 82.8% of gold.
A Velocity Dealiasing Algorithm on Frequency Diversity Pulse-Pair for Future Geostationary Spaceborne Doppler Weather Radar
Authors: Li Xuehua , Wang Chuanzhi , Qin Zhengxia , He Jianxin , Liu Fang , Sun Qing
Published: June 2018

Velocity ambiguity is one of the main challenges in accurately measuring velocity for the future Geostationary Spaceborne Doppler Weather Radar (GSDWR) due to its short wavelength. The aim of this work was to provide a novel velocity dealiasing method for frequency diversity for the future implementation of GSDWR. Two different carrier frequencies were transmitted on the adjacent pulse-pair and the order of the pulse-pair was exchanged during the transmission of the next pulse-pair. The Doppler phase shift between these two adjacent pulses was estimated based on the technique of the frequency diversity pulse-pair (FDPP), and Doppler velocity was estimated on the sum of the Doppler phase within the adjacent pulse repetition time (PRT). From the theoretical result, the maximum unambiguous velocity estimated by FDPP is only decided by the interval time of the two adjacent pulses and radar wavelength. An echo signal model on frequency diversity was established to simulate echo signals of the GSDWR to verify the extension of the maximum unambiguous velocity and the accuracy of the velocity estimation for FDPP used on GSDWR. The study demonstrates that the FDPP algorithm can extend the maximum unambiguous velocity greater than the Stagger PRT method and the unambiguous range and velocity are no longer limited by the chosen value of pulse repetition frequency (PRF). In the Ka band, the maximum unambiguous velocity can be extended to 105 m/s when the interval time is 10 μs and most velocity estimation biases are less than 0.5 m/s.
Real-Time Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Yap Timothy E. , Donna Piero , Almonte Melanie T. , Cordeiro Maria Francesca
Published: June 2018

Monitoring real-time apoptosis in-vivo is an unmet need of neurodegeneration science, both in clinical and research settings. For patients, earlier diagnosis before the onset of symptoms provides a window of time in which to instigate treatment. For researchers, being able to objectively monitor the rates of underlying degenerative processes at a cellular level provides a biomarker with which to test novel therapeutics. The DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells) project has developed a minimally invasive method using fluorescent annexin A5 to detect rates of apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells, the key pathological process in glaucoma. Numerous animal studies have used DARC to show efficacy of novel, pressure-independent treatment strategies in models of glaucoma and other conditions where retinal apoptosis is reported, including Alzheimer’s disease. This may forge exciting new links in the clinical science of treating both cognitive and visual decline. Human trials are now underway, successfully demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the technique to differentiate patients with progressive neurodegeneration from healthy individuals. We review the current perspectives on retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, the way in which this can be imaged, and the exciting advantages that these future methods hold in store.
Role of the TRPM4 Channel in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
Authors: Wang Chen , Naruse Keiji , Takahashi Ken
Published: June 2018

The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) channel influences calcium homeostasis during many physiological activities such as insulin secretion, immune response, respiratory reaction, and cerebral vasoconstriction. This calcium-activated, monovalent, selective cation channel also plays a key role in cardiovascular pathophysiology; for example, a mutation in the TRPM4 channel leads to cardiac conduction disease. Recently, it has been suggested that the TRPM4 channel is also involved in the development of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, which causes myocardial infarction. In the present review, we discuss the physiological function of the TRPM4 channel, and assess its role in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
Recommending Queries by Extracting Thematic Experiences from Complex Search Tasks
Authors: Zhao Yuli , Zhang Yin , Zhang Bin , Gao Kening , Li Pengfei
Published: June 2018

Since complex search tasks are usually divided into subtasks, providing subtask-oriented query recommendations is an effective way to support complex search tasks. Currently, most subtask-oriented query recommendation methods extract subtasks from plain form search logs consisting of only queries and clicks, providing limited clues to identify subtasks. Meanwhile, for several decades, the Computer Human Interface (CHI)/Human Computer Interaction (HCI) communities have been working on new complex search tools for the purpose of supporting rich user interactions beyond just queries and clicks, and thus providing rich form search logs with more clues for subtask identification. In this paper, we researched the provision of subtask-oriented query recommendations by extracting thematic experiences from the rich form search logs of complex search tasks logged in a proposed visual data structure. We introduce the tree structure of the visual data structure and propose a visual-based subtask identification method based on the visual data structure. We then introduce a personalized PageRank-based method to recommend queries by ranking nodes on the network from the identified subtasks. We evaluated the proposed methods in experiments consisting of informative and tentative search tasks.
The Gibbs Paradox and Particle Individuality
Authors: Dieks Dennis
Published: June 2018

A consensus seems to have developed that the Gibbs paradox in classical thermodynamics (the discontinuous drop in the entropy of mixing when the mixed gases become equal to each other) is unmysterious: in any actual situation, two gases can be separated or not, and the associated harmless discontinuity from “yes” to “no” is responsible for the discontinuity. By contrast, the Gibbs paradox in statistical physics continues to attract attention. Here, the problem is that standard calculations in statistical mechanics predict a non-vanishing value of the entropy of mixing even when two gases of the same kind are mixed, in conflict with thermodynamic predictions. This version of the Gibbs paradox is often seen as a sign that there is something fundamentally wrong with either the traditional expression S=klnW or with the way W is calculated. It is the aim of this article to review the situation from the orthodox (as opposed to information theoretic) standpoint. We demonstrate how the standard formalism is not only fully capable of dealing with the paradox, but also provides an intuitively clear picture of the relevant physical mechanisms. In particular, we pay attention to the explanatory relevance of the existence of particle trajectories in the classical context. We also discuss how the paradox survives the transition to quantum mechanics, in spite of the symmetrization postulates.
Techno-Economic Feasibility of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage Power System for a Mobile Cellular Base Station in Soshanguve, South Africa
Authors: Aderemi Banjo A. , Chowdhury S. P. Daniel , Olwal Thomas O. , Abu-Mahfouz Adnan M.
Published: June 2018

Over the years, sustainability and impact on the environment, as well as operation expenditure, have been major concerns in the deployment of mobile cellular base stations (BSs) worldwide. This is because mobile cellular BSs are known to consume a high percentage of power within the mobile cellular network. Such energy consumption contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) through the use of conventional diesel generating set (gen-set). As a result, mobile cellular operators are faced with the dilemma of minimizing the power consumption, GHG emissions, and operation cost, while improving the quality of service (QoS) of the networks. In attempting to find a solution, this study presents the feasibility and simulation of a solar photovoltaic (PV)/battery hybrid power system (HPS), as a predominant source of power for a specific mobile cellular BS site situated in the Soshanguve area of the city of Pretoria, South Africa. It also presents the technical development and shows the environmental advantage and cost benefits of using a solar PV/battery HPS to power a BS site with a 24 h daily load of 241.10 kWh/d and peak load of 20.31 kW as compared to using the HPS with a solar PV/diesel gen-set/battery. The solar resource pattern for the city of Pretoria was collected from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and was modeled statistically. The statistical modeling done using solar radiation resource exposure characteristic patterns of Pretoria, South Africa revealed an average annual daily solar radiation of 5.4645 Wh/m2/d and a 0.605 clearness index. The simulation and the design were done using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) and Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation finding showed that the HPS of the solar PV/battery combination has about a 59.62% saving in the net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and an 80.87% saving in operating cost as against conventional BSs powered with a gen-set/battery.
Advanced Thermodynamic Analysis Applied to an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System
Authors: Wang Shucheng , Fu Zhongguang , Zhang Gaoqiang , Zhang Tianqing
Published: June 2018

The variation performance of integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) is presented using energy, conventional exergy and advanced exergy analysis methods to provide information about exergy destruction of components and efficiencies of overall plant. Moreover, the theory of dividing the exergy destruction of main components into unavoidable/avoidable and exogenous/endogenous parts allows for further understanding the real potentials for improving. Besides, the exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency of components as well as overall plant were hourly analyzed within a typical day. Results indicate the exergy destruction rate of overall system drops from 49.79% to 44.65% in summer and decreases from 49.79% to 47.59% in winter. As the solar irradiation intensity rises, the solar field efficiency reaches to 42.16% in winter and 47.5% in summer. The solar-to-electric energy efficiency gets to 13.69% in winter and 15.46% in summer. In addition, with the increase of solar energy input to the ISCC system, the exergy destruction of Brayton cycle components decreases; however, the exergy destruction of Rankine cycle components increases. Furthermore, the exergy destruction of solar field has a large extended from 14.55 MW to 58.03 MW. Moreover, the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and the steam turbines have the largest exergy destruction rate of 11.26% and 13.63% at 15:00 p.m.
Influence of Hydrothermal Carbonization on Composition, Formation and Elimination of Biphenyls, Dioxins and Furans in Sewage Sludge
Authors: Brookman Heiner , Gievers Fabian , Zelinski Volker , Ohlert Jan , Loewen Achim
Published: June 2018

In many areas of application, the influence of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) on the composition of organic pollutants is still unexplored. In this study, sewage sludge (SS) was carbonized and the input as well as the hydrochar were examined for the organic pollutants: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs). The process temperatures of carbonization were 200 °C, 220 °C, and 240 °C and the holding time was 5 h for all tests. The total concentration of PCBs was relatively stable for all temperatures, whereas the toxicity equivalent (WHO-TEQ) at 200 °C and 220 °C increases compared to the input material. The strongest impact on toxicity was observed for PCDDs where concentrations were reduced for higher temperatures, whereas the toxicity increases by more than 16 times for temperatures of 240 °C. The concentrations and toxicity of PCDFs were reduced for all carbonization temperatures. In hydrochar from HTC at 240 °C, the limit values for the application of SS in German agriculture have been exceeded. The results indicate that the process conditions for HTC should be controlled also for SS with average contamination if the hydrochar is to be used as material, especially in agriculture.
Palaeoecological Evidence for Survival of Scots Pine through the Late Holocene in Western Ireland: Implications for Ecological Management
Authors: Roche Jenni R. , Mitchell Fraser J. G. , Waldren Steve , Stefanini Bettina S.
Published: June 2018

The dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Europe during the Holocene have been spatially and temporally complex. The species underwent extirpation and reintroduction in several north-west European countries. This study investigated the late Holocene vegetation history of a present-day pinewood in western Ireland, to test the widely accepted hypothesis that P. sylvestris became extinct in Ireland c. AD 400. Palaeoecological, chronological and loss-on-ignition analyses were conducted on a sediment core extracted from an adjacent lake. The pollen profile showed no major Pinus decline and a Pinus macrofossil occurred c. AD 840, indicating localised survival of P. sylvestris from c. AD 350 to the present. The available archival maps and historical literature provide supporting evidence for continuity of forest cover. The hypothesis that P. sylvestris became extinct in Ireland is rejected. The implications for ecological management are significant. We argue that P. sylvestris should be considered native to Ireland, at least at this site. As Ireland’s only putative native P. sylvestris population and the western limit of the species’ native range, this site is of high conservation value and must be carefully managed and monitored. Seed-sourcing for ex-situ forest restoration must be compatible with the long-term viability of the population in-situ.
Amount and Location of Damage to Residual Trees from Cut-to-Length Thinning Operations in a Young Redwood Forest in Northern California
Authors: Hwang Kyungrok , Han Han-Sup , Marshall Susan E. , Page-Dumroese Deborah S.
Published: June 2018

A cut-to-length (CTL) harvest system using a harvester and forwarder has been recently introduced in northern California (USA) for thinning young (<25 years old) redwood forests (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.). However, the severity of CTL damage to residual trees in this forest type are unknown. The goals of this study were to (1) determine the location, size, and number of scars resulting from CTL harvesting and (2) compare scar size differences between redwood clumps and individual trees in two units. Most scars occurred on trees located near the forwarding trails. Wider and longer scars were associated with clumped trees (9.1–12.2 cm wide and 28.1–46.2 cm long) as compared to scars on individual trees (8.1–9.5 cm wide and 16.7–31.3 cm long), and 16–32% of the residual trees were scarred. Determining a minimum scar size will define the severity of stand damage; larger scars result in a longer time until closure. However, counting all the smaller scars that result from CTL harvesting will result in a large number of counted damaged trees. Therefore, we suggest that scars smaller than 5–10 cm width are acceptable on coastal redwood after CTL thinning.