bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF PREMNA HERBACEA (ROXB.) ROOT EXTRACTS IN ISONIAZID AND STRYCHNINE-INDUCED CONVULSIONS
Authors: Ad Chimbalkar , Ns Vyawahare
Published: December 2018

Objective: The present investigation was to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of three different extracts of roots of Premna herbacea (Roxb.) in mice. The preclinical screening models such as isoniazid (INH)- and strychnine (STR)-induced convulsion were selected for the study.Methods: The three different extracts of P. herbacea, i.e., ethanolic (PHE), petroleum ether (PHP), and chloroform (PHC) were prepared as per standard procedures and evaluated at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and screened with above-mentioned INH and STR-induced convulsions.Results: In INH model, PHC 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showed dose-dependent delay in onset of convulsion (p<0.05 and p<0.01) along with protection of 33.33% of mice. The PHP 400 mg/kg also showed a significant delay in the onset of convulsion (p<0.05) along with protection of 16.66% of mice. In STR-induced model, none of the extracts was effective to delay the onset of convulsion; however, PHC 400 mg/kg protected 16.66% of mice.Conclusion: The results confirmed dose-dependent anticonvulsant activity of P. herbacea PHC in INH-induced convulsions.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDATIVE AND AMELIORATIVE POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF THUJA ORIENTALIS (PLATYCLADUS ORIENTALIS [L.])
Authors: Mehra Sukanya , Sharma Shelly , Chadha Pooja
Published: December 2018

Objective: The main objective of the present study is to assess the antioxidative and attenuating potential of aqueous extract of leaves of Thuja orientalis (AET) against the genotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) (O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate).Methods: Phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed to reveal the presence of various bioactive compounds. Free radical scavenging activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and further genoprotective activity of AET was evaluated by in vivo studies using rat as model. For this purpose, male healthy rats, 8–10 weeks old, weighing 120±10 g, were selected and divided into three groups, namely Group 1 fed with corn oil, taken as control, Group 2 fed with CPF, and Group 3 treated with AET 1 week before CPF exposure. ¼ of LD50, i.e., 38 mg/kg CPF was used for experiment and was orally administered to rats.Results: The presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenes was confirmed by phytochemical analysis. DPPH assay revealed the IC50 value which was deduced to be 205.04 μl/ml. In vivo study including exposure to pesticide alone for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h showed significant increase in DNA damage (p≤0.01) in liver, kidney, and blood as compared to control. However, a dose of AET 400 mg/kg p.o. given 1 week before each duration of CPF exhibited significant protection from CPF-induced genotoxicity.Conclusion: Thus, the study suggests the positive effect of aqueous leaf extract of T. orientalis in ameliorating the damage induced by pesticide exposure.
CHARACTERIZATION OF INULIN FROM BLACK SALSIFY (SCORZONERA HISPANICA L.) FOR FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES
Authors: Petkova Nadezhda
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.) as a potential source of inulin and to characterize the physicochemical properties of isolated polysaccharide.Methods: The carbohydrate content in its roots and leaves was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection (HPLC-RID) method. Microwave-assisted extraction was performed for isolation of inulin from black salsify roots. The obtained polysaccharide was characterized by HPLC-RID method, HPLC size-exclusion chromatography, and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy. Functional properties as swelling capacity, solubility, and water-holding and oil-holding capacities (OHCs) were also evaluated.Results: Black salsify (S. hispanica L.) roots were evaluated as a rich source of inulin (22% dw) and 1-kestose (6.25 g/100 g dw). The isolated inulin (yield 20%) was characterized with average degree of polymerization 17, with polydispersity index (1.04) that was near to medium-chained inulin. This polysaccharide showed better OHC than water-holding capacity, and it was characterized with swelling capacity 0.5 ml/g sample.Conclusion: For the first time, inulin was isolated from black salsify roots. The chemical characterization of inulin reveals the potential of this plant to be used as a valuable source of this polysaccharide for future application in food technology and pharmaceutical industry for dietary fibers, stabilizer, and coating agent.
PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF SMALL PEPTIDES ISOLATED FROM THE FLOWERS OF MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS
Authors: R Angayarkanni , G Sridevi
Published: December 2018

Objective: The flowers of Millingtonia hortensis were initially screened for the presence of Cu (II) ninhydrin-positive compounds. Purification and characterization of small alpha peptides from the flowers of M. hortensis have been done. Further elucidation of the antimicrobial properties of these small peptides is also taken as part of the work.Methods: Using 80% aqueous ethanol the crude extract was prepared and screening was carried out by a circular paper chromatographic technique. Purification and characterization of small alpha peptides from the flowers of M. hortensis have been done. Further elucidation of the antimicrobial properties of these small peptides by disc diffusion method is also taken as part of the work.Results: Based on the findings of UV–visible spectrophotometer, it is confirmed that the purified compound is a small peptide and might contain glycine, cysteine, and tyrosine or histidine. The result of antimicrobial studies proves the ability of small peptides to function as antimicrobial peptides.Conclusion: It is concluded that the small peptides show an inhibitory effect against various Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOURSOP LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST GROWTH OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS ATCC® 6514™ IN VITRO
Authors: Primasari Ameta , Nasution Minasari , Hidayati Arbi Nurul , Sari Dini Permata , Basyuni Mohammad
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) antibacterial power of soursop leaf extract on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) ATCC® 6514™ growth.Methods: This study was experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design and consists of 8 treatment groups that were soursop leaf extract group with concentration 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.5625% as well as negative control groups were brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) media and chlorhexidine as positive controls. Each treatment was done 3 repetitions. Testing the effectiveness of soursop leaf extract using dilution methods on BHIB and subculture media on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. The number of Aa ATCC® 6514 ™ colonies was calculated manually using the total plate count method on the MHA media. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test (p<0.05) followed by least significance different (LSD) test to see the significant mean difference between treatment groups.Results: Concentration of MIC from soursop leaf extract on Aa ATCC® 6514™ growth was 1.5625% and MBC was 6.25%. LSD assay results showed significant difference effect (p<0.05) Aa ATCC® 6514™ from each treatment group.Conclusion: Soursop leaf extract has antibacterial effectivity against Aa ATCC® 6514 ™.
PLEIOTROPIC ROLE OF SIMVASTATIN AND ALENDRONATE ON MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
Authors: M Aly Riham , M Ellithy Marwa , Sabry Dina
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Previously, our research group has investigated the effect of alendronate (ALN) and simvastatin (SV) in their minimum inhibitory dose (IC50) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line where inhibition of angiogenesis has been demonstrated. In the present study, we further investigate the effect of the previously calculated IC50 of SV and ALN and their combination on two different types of stem cells to show that the same drug may have different effects on different cells.Methods: Stem cells were isolated from rat adipose tissue and oral mucosa. After passaging, cells were subjected to Aln, Sv separately as well as combined in their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity. After seven days, osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alizarin stain. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate Osteopontin gene expression.Results: Our results demonstrated that the proposed combination of Aln and Sv in their IC50 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of both types of stem cells.Conclusion: The combined effect of Aln and Sv may represent a novel pharmacological approach in treating bone metastasis and at the same time treating the cancer itself.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF DUKU’S MISTLETOE LEAF (DENDROPHTHOE PENTANDRA (L.) MIQ) COLLECTED FROM MEDAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Hardiyanti Rini , Marpaung Lamek , Adnyana I Ketut , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and flavonoid total of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq extract.Methods: The leaf of D. pentandra (L.) Miq was gradually extracted using methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. From that extraction process, various isolates were obtained such as isolate of methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and flavonoid total. The obtained flavonoid total was continued into separation process using column system with eluent chloroform:methanol in ratio (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4) and from this process was obtained six fractions (F1-5).Results: All isolates and fractions that obtained during the extraction and separation process were continued to the activity measurement, such as antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl method and antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method to Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of the isolate of flavonoid total and fraction of F4 and F5 was 6.69, 5.98, and 5.95 μg/mL, respectively. On the antibacterial activity, measurement showed a linear correlation between the activity and concentration (10 and 100 μg/mL) of all isolates and fractions. The antibacterial activity was dominated by flavonoid total isolate.Conclusions: The results obtained in this research work showed that the extracts and fractions of D. pentandra (L.) Miq have a potency as antioxidant and antibacterial, especially flavonoid total that acts as antioxidant and fractions F4 and F5 that act as antibacterial.
NON-NEOFORMANS CRYPTOCOCCEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
Authors: Ding Chuan Hun , Kamarudin Norhidayah
Published: December 2018

Cryptococcemia attributed to non-neoformans cryptococci has not received much attention due to the relative scarcity of reported cases. The primary aim of this case report is to highlight several notable characteristics of Cryptococcus laurentii. A 35-year-old woman presented with a right supraclavicular mass and a history of low-grade fever. A yeast was isolated from her blood. It formed cream-colored colonies which turned yellowish after 72 h of incubation and had a microscopic morphology of elongated budding yeast cells. Its identity was confirmed to be C. laurentii through carbohydrate assimilation testing (ID 32 C). The patient responded clinically to fluconazole and cleared the cryptococcemia. She was subsequently diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma through histopathological examination of the supraclavicular mass.
THE EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT WITH TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 ANTAGONIST RESATORVID ON METHOTREXATE-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN RATS: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: I Mohammad Bassim , Ahmed Bassim S , Hassan Alaa F , Hassan Samer F
Published: December 2018

Objective: This research aims to evaluate the histopathological changes after pretreatment with resatorvid against methotrexate induced-liver injury.Methods: 28 male albino-wistar rats divided into random 4 groups (7 rats in each). Control group: Rats left untreated. Vehicle pre-treated group: Rats were administered dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) followed by methotrexate (MTX). Methotrexate treated group: Rats left untreated then administered MTX. Resatorvid pre-treated group: Rats were administered resatorvid followed by MTX. 24 h after the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed. Liver tissue samples dissected out immediately and fixed in 10% formalin. The traditional procedures (paraffin-embedded method) was used to prepare liver tissue for microscopic evaluation by none alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Activity Score Components.Results: Liver tissue sections of MTX-treated group show moderate-to-severe steatosis of hepatic cells and micro- and macro- hepatocellular fatty degeneration and giant fatty cysts with chronic inflammatory cells infiltration. While liver tissue sections of the resatorvid pre-treated group show moderate hepatic cellular fatty degeneration, with a decreased number of fatty cysts chains and the inflammation disappeared.Conclusion: Resatorvid hepatoprotective effect against MTX-induced injury was promising throughout resolving the accompanying inflammation and partial restoring histopathological fatty alterations.
USING DO-IT-YOURSELF CORPORA IN EAP: A TAILOR-MADE RESOURCE FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
Authors: Charles Maggie
Published: December 2018

Do-it-yourself (DIY) corpora can be defined as small-scale databases of electronic texts built by users for specific, limited and local purposes. Such corpora can be of great benefit to both teachers and students of English for academic purposes (EAP), who, with recent software advances, can now construct DIY corpora to their own specifications relatively easily. For teachers, who may be tasked with giving courses related to disciplinary areas in which they have little or no expertise, the specialist DIY corpus provides an opportunity to examine a body of texts that they have selected as relevant to the target course and thus enables them to familiarize themselves with the discourse of the discipline in question. Such corpus-based investigations not only facilitate teachers’ understanding of disciplinary norms and practices, but also provide examples for use in class or in course materials and give frequency information on lexis and phraseology so that instructional decisions can be made on a sound evidential basis. For graduate students, who have needs that are highly specific, it is also valuable to construct DIY corpora from material within their own field. This tailor-made resource provides individual, precisely-targeted information, which can be drawn upon to answer lexicogrammatical queries both at the composing and editing stages of the writing process. This paper makes the case for the use of DIY corpora in EAP contexts, illustrating the argument with examples of a teacher’s use of a corpus of theses to create a course for doctoral students in materials science and students’ uses of DIY corpora for writing support.
DESIGNING AND DELIVERING A PROGRAMME OF READING SKILLS CLASSES TO POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Burdumy Alexander , Bohlander Christine
Published: December 2018

Exclusively teaching the receptive skill of reading texts in a foreign language with no training in language production might seem to be a pedagogical relic and to contradict the communicative approach in foreign language teaching. However, it is a much-needed pedagogical tool for equipping postgraduate researchers with the necessary skill of reading academic literature in a foreign language. The aim is to enable learners who frequently have no prior knowledge of the language in a short period of time to independently read texts specific to their research.This article aims to illustrate the challenges of developing face-to-face as well as online courses for the specific purpose of teaching reading skills in German and other languages to postgraduate students at Durham University and to discuss the underlying pedagogy thereof.After giving a short history of how these courses were set up at Durham University, we will state the aims and intended learning outcomes of a reading skills course and describe the pedagogical peculiarities and challenges that such courses entail, underpinned by educational theory. We will discuss the issue of vocabulary acquisition, offering practical solutions, and give concrete examples of the materials used, including online resources and materials specifically created by the tutors, as well as pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of the German textbooks currently available. We will share our experience in the classroom, with online teaching as well as our provision for self-study. At the end of the paper we will include links to some free online resources for primarily German and French.This paper aims to contribute to the continuing dissemination of good practice in the teaching of reading skills in German, which can also be transferred to other Western European languages.
ITALIAN THROUGH HISTORY OF ART: DELIVERING INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTENT-BASED LANGUAGE MODULES IN HIGHER EDUCATION CONTEXT
Authors: Bacilieri Cinzia
Published: December 2018

The paper will describe the challenges of creating and delivering Italian for Art Historians, a bespoke content-integrated language course created for ab-initio Italian language students in History of Art (the majority of whom first-time language learners), and The Role of Art in Italian Society, a second-year language module part of the Italian degree programme at the University of York. Main topic will be the illustration of experimental initiatives aimed to facilitate the acquisition of bespoke specialist language skills essential to the History of Art discipline (beginner level students), and the use of Italian Art as a tool to develop critical thinking skills in a much broader language learning context (advanced level students). The first part will illustrate the challenges faced by the language teacher when planning and delivering an interdisciplinary content-based language module that has to be fully integrated into an undergraduate degree programme. Particular focus will be given to the collaboration between an art historian and a language teacher and its vital role in the creation of bespoke Art-related language teaching material and how this plays a pivoting role in the module planning. A number of case-studies will illustrate the impact that the interdisciplinary nature of these courses had in the applied teaching practice, students’ engagement and classroom activities. In particular, how the integration between the module syllabus and other components of the respective undergraduate degree programmes has led students to experience a deeper engagement in the learning process. The paper will also present examples of technology-enhanced teaching (e.g. online personal portfolios, audio and video material) and data analysis on how these were deployed to enhance the quality of the student engagement with pertinent art-related assessment activities, student-teacher interaction and monitoring of student progress.
PARLAYING STUDENTS’ WORK EXPERIENCE INTO PRACTICE-ORIENTED ESP
Authors: Koenig Eric , Guertler Katherine
Published: December 2018

Instructors of English for Special Purposes often describe the challenge of determining which specific content and competencies to address in their courses. After all, it is the focus on technical subject matter which students expect to differentiate engineering ESP from standard EFL. Yet ESP instructors, who frequently have a background in fields such as applied linguistics or education, often receive little input from technical specialists as to which specialist topics are most relevant to their target domain.Our research indicates that ESP instructors in higher education can leverage a valuable resource to enrich teaching effectiveness: students who have already gained professional experience. As part of a longitudinal study at two universities of applied sciences (UAS) in southern Germany, engineering students at the beginning of their first semester of compulsory technical English participate in an online survey. The course participants provide relevant biographical information such as work experience and evaluate the perceived importance of a selection of skills and applications for a Technical English course. The surveys, administered in October 2016 and October 2017 and encompassing nearly 1000 respondents, provide compelling insights. Analysis reveals conclusive correlations between the perceived importance of course components and students’ declared level of previous work experience. Listening comprehension, reading comprehension, process description, and test and measurement are topics whose importance correlates positively with work experience level. In addition, there are clear trends relating work experience level with the importance of the reading and writing of technical documents as well as communication and interaction.This data provides empirically-founded criteria for selecting the topics to include in the scope of a Technical English course for engineers, informed by the judgment of students with occupational experience. Additionally, recognizing that students with work experience have legitimate practitioner credibility allows instructors to identify and select relevant subject matter in concordance with experienced students’ learning objectives. ESP learners will profit greatly from cultivating skills with proven practical applicability.
DEVELOPING CULTURAL COMPETENCE FOR GLOBAL ENGINEERS – HOW ‘SOFT’ SKILLS HAVE BECOME THE NEW ‘HARD’ SKILLS
Authors: Lanucha Katarzyna
Published: December 2018

Diversity drives innovation, and today’s most efficient teams rely on clear communication and mutual understanding. Engineers are already working within multinational teams – not only within the UK, but as integrated parts of global organisations and networks, and while on assignments abroad – and this is only set to increase in the future. In order to succeed within any multicultural environment, such engineers will have to develop cultural competence – an emerging soft skill-set that makes working across cultures more effective. English is without question the operating language amongst engineers worldwide. It has been proven, however, that a common language alone does not necessarily eliminate other cross-cultural obstacles. Whereas certain aspects about culture may be gleaned through language, the more important elements, such values, expectations, and beliefs, are much harder to identify and teach in a classroom. This paper explores the importance of cultural competence in engineering, for both native- and non-native speakers of British English, with the curricular challenges it faces. It will also evaluate the effectiveness of the cultural competence workshops used by the Language Unit (LU) in Cambridge University Engineering Department (CUED) to train the engineers, during which attendees were able to explore the various meanings and impacts of culture on our thinking and behaviour, before then developing strategies for better, culturally-minded communication.
Detección de tuberculosis pulmonar mediante tamizaje dirigido en una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: Velasco Baca Sofía , Alvarado Gutiérrez Teresa , San Pedro Hernández Roberto , Peralta Romero José de Jesús
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: detectar casos nuevos de tuberculosis pulmonar mediante baciloscopia dirigida a pacientes con presencia de tos de más de dos semanas de evolución en una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Incluyó 85 pacientes mayores de 25 años de ambos sexos, tosedores crónicos, derechohabientes de la umf no. 31 de la Ciudad de México. Los pacientes fueron invitados a participar mediante una campaña llamada “operación tuberculosis” que incluyó carteles, lonas, trípticos y platicas informativas. Se realizó tamizaje mediante baciloscopia en esputo en serie de 3.  Se realizó análisis descriptivo mediante el programa stata 12. Resultados: 47 mujeres (55.29%) y 38 hombres (44.71%) fueron incluidos.  La media de edad fue 62.34 años (±14.79). 33 pacientes se encontraron con índice de masa corporal normal (38.82%), 36, con sobrepeso (42.35%) y el resto, con obesidad. 35 pacientes fueron identificados por su médico como tosedores crónicos, solo cinco recibieron solicitud de baciloscopia y 23 recibieron tratamiento para infección de vías aéreas. Cinco pacientes fueron diagnosticados con tuberculosis pulmonar (tbp), tres mujeres y dos hombres, todos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Conclusión: el tamizaje intencionado para tbp aumenta la detección de casos nuevos, por lo que es necesario mejorar las estrategias para identificar e incluir de forma oportuna a los tosedores crónicos en el programa.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre infecciones respiratorias agudas en madres de niños menores de 5 años en una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: Lagarza Moreno Alfredo Josimar , Ojendiz Hernández Mercedes Araceli , Pérez Mijangos Librado , Juanico Morales Guillermina
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento, las actitudes y las prácticas empíricas sobre infecciones respiratorias agudas (iras) en madres de niños menores de cinco años. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Se seleccionaron 217 madres de niños menores de cinco años, adscritos a la unidad de medicina familiar (umf) no. 9 de Acapulco, Guerrero, México, mediante muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento relacionado con las actitudes y prácticas empíricas sobre iras. Con los datos obtenidos se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado mediante prueba de χ2 de Mantel y Haenszel, así como cálculo de Odds Ratio (or) e intervalos de confianza (ic). Resultados: el rango de edad de las madres fue de 16 a 46 años, media de 28.48. Se encontró que 50.2% presenta un nivel de conocimientos regular sobre iras (n=109); 30.4% tuvo actitudes y prácticas incorrectas (n=66) y solo 19.4% tuvo prácticas correctas (n=42). No se encontró correlación significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento de las madres con las actitudes y prácticas empíricas y factores sociodemográficos. Conclusiones: los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas en los cuidadores con respecto a iras fueron incorrectos, evidenciando la necesidad de implementar y reforzar acciones educativas en la comunidad.
Calidad de vida en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en un centro de salud en Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
Authors: Cruz León Aralucy , Guzmán Priego Crystell G. , Arriaga Zamora Rosa M. , Colorado Fajardo María , Morales Ramón Fabiola , Baeza Flores Guadalupe del C.
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (dm2) que acuden a un centro de salud en Villahermosa, Tabasco, México. Métodos: estudio transversal, se ocupó un muestreo no aleatorio por conveniencia. Participaron 120 adultos mayores con dm2 que acudieron a control metabólico en una unidad de primer nivel de atención, se midieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas; se utilizó el cuestionario sf-36 para conocer la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores; para el análisis de datos se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central, frecuencia y dispersión. Resultados: participaron 120 adultos mayores, se obtuvo una media de edad de 68.6 años (±7.1), 51.7% era de sexo femenino (n=62), 51.7% estaba casado (n=62), y 30% tenía sobrepeso (n=36). Respecto a la calidad de vida, se determinó que los adultos mayores presentaron afectaciones en la función física, el rol físico, la salud general y el rol emocional. Conclusiones: los adultos mayores con dm2 presentaron problemas en cuatro de las ocho dimensiones relacionadas con su calidad de vida; es necesario ampliar estas observaciones a otras clínicas de primer nivel con el propósito de dimensionar a gran escala las afectaciones que padecen los adultos mayores con dm2.
Regulacje obrotu ziemią rolniczą w opinii rolników
Authors: Lizińska Wiesława , Kisiel Roman , Senyszyn Olga
Published: December 2018

Celem artykułu była diagnoza świadomości rolników odnośnie wprowadzonych zmian i relatywnie największych utrudnień spowodowanych regulacjami w ramach ustawy z dnia 14 kwietnia 2016 r. o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa oraz o zmianie niektórych ustaw [Dz.U. 2016, poz. 585]. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na kwestię znaczenia dzierżawy ziemi z ZWRSP. Do realizacji wymienionych celów wykorzystano wyniki badań bezpośrednich przeprowadzonych w II połowie 2016 r. wśród 143 rolników powiatu elbląskiego (województwo warmińsko-mazurskie). W zdecydowanej większości (83,8%) dla rolników, którzy dzierżawią grunty z ZWRSP, ma ona istotne znaczenie. Potwierdzają oni opieranie funkcjonowania gospodarstwa na tej formie użytkowania gruntów. Istotniejsze jest jednak dla nich kupno takich gruntów (51,8% rolników) niż dzierżawa. Największym utrudnieniem w obrocie ziemią (53,1%) może być konieczność spełnienia licznym warunków przy nabywaniu nieruchomości oraz zakaz zbywania nieruchomości przez 10 lat od dnia jej nabycia. Rolnicy w większości (58,7%) potwierdzili skuteczność wprowadzonych regulacji w ograniczaniu spekulacyjnego obrotu ziemią rolniczą.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY AND SAFETY OF MARKETABLE STERLET GROWN USING RECIRCULATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Naumova Valentina Vasilyevna , Kiryanov Dmitry Anatolyevich , Sveshnikova Elena Vasilyevna , Smirnova Anna Nikolaevna , Egorova Vera Ivanovna
Published: December 2018

The article studies the safety of sterlet grown in recirculating aquaculture systems. The research was carried out in the research and training laboratory on reproduction and cultivation of sturgeon species of the Department of private animal husbandry, livestock and aquaculture technology of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin and Simbirsk Veterinary Reference Center in Ulyanovsk. The material for the study was chosen sterlet grown in recirculating aquaculture systems. In the recirculating aquaculture system food components and metabolites accumulate, which may affect fish health and quality and safety of fish meat. In the course of studies it has been found that hydrochemical parameters of water taken from the breeding tanks comply with the standards: ammonia content as the main indicator affecting the growth and development of fish did not exceed 0.05 mg/dm3. This is due to compliance with fish stocking density, optimum temperature (18-22°C) and pH level (7.3). The content of sulfates was also within the norm -52.78 mg/dm3. Mass fraction of chlorides was 14.82 mg/dm3 and of nitrites - 0.052 mg/dm3, which is 20 and 50 times lower than the standard values. The fish was studied for organoleptic, microbiological parameters, as well as for the content of toxic elements. Organoleptic characteristics (appearance, fish condition, smell, color of eyes and gills) fully meet the requirements of GOST 7631-2008 “Fish, non-fish objects and their products. Methods for determination of organoleptic and physical parameters”; such toxic elements as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were detected in fish samples, but their content was negligible and did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. The presence of genetically modified organisms, pathogens, BGB (coliforms), Listeria, nematodes were not detected. According to the study results, sterlet grown in the recirculating aquaculture conditions of the research laboratory for reproduction and breeding of sturgeon species of the Department of private zootechny, technology of animal husbandry and aquaculture of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University can be considered completely safe in terms of microbiological, parasitological and chemical indicators.
LINEAR-WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF STERLET ACIPENSER RUTHENUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) OF THE LOWER IRTYSH (UVAT DISTRICT)
Authors: Volosnikov Gleb Igorevich
Published: December 2018

Sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus (Linnaeus, 1758)) is a widespread, but small in number freshwater fish that lives in the waters of Europe, Siberia, the Black, Azov, Caspian, Baltic, White, Barents, and Kara Seas. In catches made for conducting forensic expertise in 2015-2017 there occurred sterlet with absolute length from 23.9 to 50 cm, total weight from 54 to 722 g, the age varied from 1 to 7 years. Juvenile stage individuals made 25%, females - 46.9%, males - 28.1%. The annual increment in the age group from 1-2 years old was 1.2 cm, at the age 2-3 years old - 4.3 cm, at the age of 3-4 years old - 6.4 cm, at the age of 4-5 years old - 2.1 cm. This sample has a feature in the presence of slow-growing fish of old age. The rate of linear growth decreases after the 4th year and makes 5.1%. The annual increase in body weight at the age of 1-2 years old was 15.8 g, at 3 years old - 71.2 g, at 4 - 196 g, at 5 - 67 g, accordingly. Weight gain at the age of 1-2 years old was 18.7%, at 2-3 - 70.8%. In categories at the age of 3-4 years old and 4-5 years old the weight gain was 114.6% and 18.3%, correspondingly. Sterlet sires with II stage of maturity of sexual products were dominating. Among the examined individuals the predominant ones had I degree of fat content; species with a given degree were met in all age groups. There was stated a large number of long-nosed individuals (97.7%) and extremely small number of short-nosed individuals (2.3%).
FEATURES OF BEHAVIOR OF ORDINARY SPRAT (BY RESULTS OF HYDROACOUSTIC RESEARCHES)
Authors: Balchenkov Igor Borisovich , Pomogaeva Tatiana Vasilievna
Published: December 2018

Caspian sprats are reserve target species. The study of species identification of Caspian sprats was carried out on board a research ship “Researcher of the Caspian Sea” using EK-60 hydroacoustic complex having stationary antennas with a split beam of 38 and 120 kHz. The behavior and distribution of ordinary sprats in the western part of the Caspian Sea (Middle part of the Caspian Sea off the coast of Dagestan) was investigated. Echo recordings of hydroacoustic surveys made in 2011-2017 covering the water area with depths from 20 to 300 meters were considered. A database with hydroacoustic research files was created, containing the parameters of the surveys and the graphic display of the echograms. Taking into account the negative reaction of ordinary sprat to light, both day and night recordings were considered. Characteristic echoes of ordinary sprat are described in the seasonal aspect. These studies, describing the nature of the behavior of ordinary sprats, are important for the organization of fishing in the western part of the Caspian Sea. It has been stated that density of sprat shoals during spring-summer period is not high, fishing by bottom trawl is efficient only at the end of August. The most promising sprat accumulations can be found in early spring (March) and in October and November, when sprat is caught in the industrial scale. The study results describing special behavior of ordinary sprats can be used in organizing sprat fishing in the Western part of the Caspian Sea.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF STERLET IN WINTERING HOLES OF THE LOWER IRTYSH
Authors: Aldokhin Andrey Stepanovich , Volosnikov Gleb Igorevich
Published: December 2018

The article describes the results of morphometric studies of sterlet caught in water areas of two riverbed depressions of the Lower Irtysh (the Tyumen region) The studies were carried out in the period from 2015-2018, the riverbed depressions were remote from each other: Gornoslinkinskaya (the Uvat region), Kondinskaya (the Khanty-Mansiysk region). The geographic distance (the distance between the riverbed depressions is 445 km) and short migration length (about 200 km) prompted the assumption about the probability of significant discrepancies in the signs that suggest the allocation of any subgroups of sterlet. In the catches of sterlet in the Kondinskaya riverbed depression there were 93 specimens aged 1-4 years old. In the water area of the Gornoslinkinskaya riverbed depression 128 specimens were caught at the age of 1-7 years old. The comparison of sterlet groups from remote riverbed depressions was conducted using meristic signs: the number of bone plates (scutes) rays in the fins, the number of stamens on the first gill arch. According to the research results, it has been stated that there are no significant differences in the number of dorsal, lateral and ventral bone plates. Also, no differences were found in the number of stamens on the first gill arch. The greatest differences in the studied groups of sterlet were recorded in terms of the number of rays in the dorsal and anal fins. Additionally, the meristic features have been estimated by Mayr coefficient (1971), the value of which is equal to or greater than 1.28, which suggests the subspecific division. In our study, Mayr coefficient in all cases was less than 1.28, its maximum value (0.38) was established in studying the number of stamens on the 1-st gill arch. As for the remaining signs, this value is even smaller. Thus, geographical distance (over 400 km) of sterlet groups from the 2 riverbed depressions of the Lower Irtysh should not be taken as a reason to single out any subgroup.
Organik Kestane Kabağı Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Budama Uygulamalarının Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ÖZER Harun , PEKŞEN Aysun
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışma farklı budama
uygulamalarının organik olarak yetiştirilen kestane kabağı genotiplerinin verim
ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Araştırmada, üç farklı (61A1, 61A2 ve 61A3) kestane kabağı (Cucurbita maxima Duch.)
genotipinde üç farklı budama ve kontrol olmak üzere 4 uygulama (1. Kontrol, 2.
Meyve vermeyen kolların budanması, 3. Tek kollu yetiştiricilik ve 4. İki kollu
yetiştiricilik) incelenmiştir. Farklı genotip ve budama uygulamalarının
çiçeklenme ve meyve tutumu başlangıç tarihi, meyve eni, boyu, et rengi (L,
kroma ve hue), meyve eti sertliği ve suda çözünebilir kuru madde oranı (SÇKM)
ile bitki başına verim ve 100 tane ağırlığı üzerine önemli (P˂0.05) etkilerinin
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek bitki verimi (24.9 kg bitki-1)
61A2 genotipinde birinci budama uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. En yüksek meyve
eti sertliği (4.5 kg) ve SÇKM (%5.9) değerleri ise 61A3 genotipinde 2.
budama uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Budama uygulamalarının meyve eni ve
boyu, L kroma değeri dışında meyve rengi, meyve eti sertliği ve SÇKM üzerine
etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Meyve vermeyen kolların budanmasının
verimi kontrole göre önemli derecede artırdığı belirlenmiştir.
Aydın İlinde Yetiştirilen Bazı Buğday Çeşitlerinin Tane Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BENLİ Kübra , KOCA Yakup Onur
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışmada; bölgede ana ürün koşullarında kışlık olarak yoğun yetiştirilen
buğday çeşitlerinin tane verimi, bazı verim öğeleri (m2 de başak
sayısı, başak boyu, başakta tane sayısı ve bin tane ağırlığı) ve kalite
performanslarının (protein oranı, yağ oranı, nişasta oranı, lif oranı ve kül
oranı) belirlenmesi amacıyla, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesinde
2017 ve 2018 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Cumhuriyet, Ceyhan 99, Ziyabey, Basribey
ve Golia çeşitleri çalışmanın materyalini oluşturmuştur. İki yıllık çalışmadan
elde edilen değerler ile yapılan varyans analizi sonucunda; yıllar arasında
fark önemli bulunmuştur. Tane verimi 400 kg da-1 – 706 kg da-1,
bin tane ağırlığı 31.9 g – 58.3 g 
başakta tane sayısı değeri 26.3 – 40.8 adet , m2 de başak
sayısı değeri ise 400 – 555 adet olarak  
belirlenmiştir. Tane kalite özellikleri bakımından yıllar arasında
farklılık daha belirgin olmuştur. Çalışmanın her iki yılında ölçülen protein
oranı ortalamaları (sırasıyla %17.0 – %14.7) ekmeklik buğday için aranan
minimum değerden (%12) ve bölge ortalamasından (%13 - %14) yüksek bulunmuştur.
Cumhuriyet çeşidi ilk yıl gösterdiği protein oranı (%18.3) ile potansiyelini
kanıtlamıştır. Basribey çeşidi ikinci yıl yüksek nişasta oranı (%63,2) ile öne
çıkmıştır. Tane verimi bakımından Cumhuriyet ve Ziyabey çeşitleri önerilebilir.
Buna ek olarak Cumhuriyet çeşidi iri taneli yapısı (yüksek bin tane ağırlığı)
ile öne çıkmıştır.
Fasulye Tohumunun Biyofortifikasyonu için Mineral İçerik Vasyasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YEKEN Mehmet Zahit , AKPOLAT Hacer , KARAKÖY Tolga , ÇİFTÇİ Vahdettin
Published: December 2018

Genetik kaynaklar ıslahçıların yüksek
verim ve mineral içeriğine sahip yeni çeşitler geliştirebilmesi için çok
önemlidir. 2015-2016 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin Batı Anadolu bölgesinin
farklı bölgelerinden seksen üç Phaseolus populasyonu
toplanmıştır. Morfolojik karakterizasyon sonuçları ve tartılı derecelendirmeye
göre yirmi fasulye hattı 2016 yılında seçilmiştir. Yirmi fasulye hattının ve
iki ticari çeşidin fosfor, potasyum, bakır, çinko, mangan, demir, kalsiyum ve
magnezyum içerikleri tarla koşullarında test edilmiştir. Deneme 2017 yılı
yetiştirme periyodunda Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Araştırma ve
Uygulama Alanı’nda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak
yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, fasulye hat ve çeşitleri arasında P (%0.94−1.30), K (%2.38-3.59), Cu (7.80-14.80 mg kg-1), Zn
(19.74-66.68 mg kg-1), Mn
(7.46-27.25 mg kg-1), Fe
(48.98-182.45 mg kg-1), Ca
(0.18-0.48 mg kg-1) ve Mg
(0.56-0.71 mg kg-1) yüksek
oranda varyasyon göstermiştir. K ve Zn
(r=0.447; P<0.05), P ve Fe (r=0.485;
P<0.05), Ca ve Mg (r=0.693; P<0.01) arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon
bulunmuştur. Ana bileşen analizine göre toplam çeşitliliğin %73’ünden ilk 4
temel komponentin sorumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Ylv-14, Ylv-32, Blck-7, Blksr-3
ve Brs-22 hatları sırasıyla Fe ve P, Cu ve Mn, Ca ve Mg, Zn, ve K bakımından
daha yüksek mineral içeriğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sebeplerden
dolayı, bu hatlar fasulye tohumlarının biyofortifikasyonu için ümitvar adayları
temsil etmekte ve Türkiye’de çeşit olarak tescillenebilir. Ayrıca bu hatlar,
yakın gelecekte etkili ıslah programları için biparental haritalama populasyonu
geliştirilerek QTL bölgelerinin tanımlanması amacıyla da kullanılabilir.
Farklı Nem İçeriklerindeki Siyez Buğdayı Tohumlarının Karbondioksit Değişimleri ve Bazı Mekanik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Kibar Hakan
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada; farklı nem
içeriklerindeki (%5, 10.5, 15, 20, 25) kavuzlu siyez buğdayı tohumlarında (Triticum monococcum L.) karbondioksit
(CO2) solunum hızında meydana gelen değişimler ve bazı mekanik
özellikler araştırılmıştır. Tohumlar 10 °C’ de 3 ay süreyle sıcaklık ve nem
test kabininde depolanmıştır. Bu süre sonunda CO2 değişimi %5, 10.5
ve 15 nem içeriklerinde 120 saat, %20 ve 25 nem içeriklerinde sırasıyla 26 ve 29
saat süreyle ölçüm yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda %5, 10.5, 15, 20 ve 25
nem içeriklerindeki CO2 düzeyleri sırasıyla 504-555, 510-578,
568-1074, 762-9999 ve 1500-9999 ppm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Minimum CO2
solunum hızı 120. saatte %5 ve 10.5 nem içeriğinde 0.06 mgCO2 kg-1
h-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Maksimum CO2 solunum
hızı ise %25 nem içeriğinde 1. saatte 18.09 mgCO2 kg-1 h-1
olarak tespit edilmiştir. Artan nem içeriğine bağlı olarak mühendislik
özelliklerin artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara bağlı
olarak tohumların yüksek nem içeriğinde bozulması hızlanarak depo iç ortamının
çevresel koşulları (sıcaklık ve bağıl nem) olumsuz olarak etkilenebilecektir.
Farklı nem içeriklerine sahip tohumlarda daha düşük solunum hızları %5 nem içeriğinde
belirlenmiştir. Ancak depolamada %5’lik nem düzeyini sağlamak daha fazla
soğutma veya havalandırma maliyetine neden olacağından siyez buğdayı
tohumlarının %10.5 nem içeriğinde depolanması tohumların mühendislik
özellikleri açısından önerilmektedir.
SMOTE-BD: An Exact and Scalable Oversampling Method for Imbalanced Classification in Big Data
Authors: Basgall María José , Hasperué Waldo , Naiouf Marcelo , Fernández Alberto , Herrera Francisco
Published: December 2018

The volume of data in today's applications has meant a change in the way Machine Learning issues are addressed. Indeed, the Big Data scenario involves scalability constraints that can only be achieved through intelligent model design and the use of distributed technologies. In this context, solutions based on the Spark platform have established themselves as a de facto standard.

In this contribution, we focus on a very important framework within Big Data Analytics, namely classification with imbalanced datasets. The main characteristic of this problem is that one of the classes is underrepresented, and therefore it is usually more complex to find a model that identifies it correctly. For this reason, it is common to apply preprocessing techniques such as oversampling to balance the distribution of examples in classes.

In this work we present SMOTE-BD, a fully scalable preprocessing approach for imbalanced classification in Big Data. It is based on one of the most widespread preprocessing solutions for imbalanced classification, namely the SMOTE algorithm, which creates new synthetic instances according to the neighborhood of each example of the minority class. Our novel development is made to be independent of the number of partitions or processes created to achieve a higher degree of efficiency. Experiments conducted on different standard and Big Data datasets show the quality of the proposed design and implementation.
Reflexões sobre consumo consciente à luz do binômio cultura e ideologia / Reflections on conscious consumption in the light of the binomial culture and ideology
Authors: Alves Fábio Rodrigues , Whitaker Dulce
Published: December 2018

O eixo em torno do qual gira esta pesquisa, é um argumento que pode contrariar o senso comum e mesmo parte do senso científico. A pesquisa, desenvolvido a partir de conceitos marxistas, parte do desígnio de que a produção, impulsionada pelo modo de produção capitalista, e não o consumo, é a responsável pela devastação ambiental. Nesse diapasão, acreditamos que não se deve responsabilizar apenas o consumidor pelos problemas ambientais hodiernos, haja vista que empresários capitalistas se abrigam sob um véu eco-ideológico, lastreado no modo de produção capitalista. Ademais, o consumidor, como elo de uma cadeia inflexível de produção e reprodução, apenas cumpre seu papel e realiza o ato do consumo. Nesse desiderato, a produção cria as mercadorias que se tornarão necessidades para os consumidores, devidamente agraciadas com o seu próprio fetiche. Ainda, visando à divulgação e/ou impulsionamento das vendas das mercadorias produzidas, os empresários contratam os mais criativos publicitários, e por meio daquele sagrado equipamento de comunicação, a televisão, as propagandas televisivas, mesclam cultura e ideologia, e tornam o consumo um ato cultuado na sociedade capitalista.AbstractThe axis around which turns this research, is an argument that might contradict common sense and even part of the scientific sense. The research, developed from Marxist concepts of the design of the production, driven by the capitalist mode of production, not consumption, is responsible for environmental devastation. In this vein, we believe that we should not just blame the consumer by modern environmental problems, given that capitalist entrepreneurs take shelter under an eco-ideological veil, backed the capitalist mode of production. Moreover, the consumer, as a link in an inflexible chain of production and reproduction, only fulfills its role and performs the act of consumption. In this goal, the production creates goods that will become needs for consumers, duly honored with his own fetish. Still, in order to disclose and / or boosting sales of goods produced, entrepreneurs hire the best advertising creative, and through that sacred communication equipment, television, television advertisements, mix culture and ideology, and make the consumer an act worshiped in capitalist society.