bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Assessment of Iron Binary Systems with Light Rare Earths La, Ce, Pr, and Nd.
Authors: Marazza Rinaldo , Riani Paola , Cacciamani Gabriele
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination Chemistry of Nitrosyl in Cyanoferrates. An Exhibit of Bioinorganic Relevant Reactions
Authors: Olabe Jose A.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Layered Hydroxide Salts: Synthesis, Properties and Potential Applications
Authors: Arizaga Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal , Satyanarayana Kestur Gundappa , Wypych Fernando
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 5s5p Element Dopant Cations: Moessbauer Probes for Studying Chemical Reactions at the Solid—Gas Interface
Authors: Fabrichnyi P. B. , Afanasov M. I. , Danot M.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcogenide Centered Gold Complexes
Authors: Concepcion Gimeno M. , Laguna Antonio
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbene Complexes of Gold: Preparation, Medical Application and Bonding
Authors: Raubenheimer Helgard G. , Cronje Stephanie
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocycles, Catenanes, Oligomers and Polymers in Gold Chemistry
Authors: Puddephatt R. J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclonucleosides Having a C—C Bridge
Authors: Len Christophe , Mondon Martine , Lebreton Jacques
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosulfoxides in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Aversa Maria Chiara , Barattucci Anna , Bonaccorsi Paola
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Spiroaminals
Authors: Sinibaldi Marie‐Eve , Canet Isabelle
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Continuing Saga of the Marine Polyether Biotoxins
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Frederick Michael O. , Aversa Robert J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Carbonyl Ene Reaction.
Authors: Clarke Matthew L. , France Marcia B.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Allylsilane‐N‐acyliminium Route Toward Indolizidine and Quinolizidine Alkaloids
Authors: Remuson Roland
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugated Addition and Allylic Alkylation with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. , den Hartog Tim , Geurts Koen , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Mercaptoalkanoic Carboxylic Esters — Versatile Synthons in Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: Chandrasekhar Batchu
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Syntheses of Heterocycles Initiated by Palladium‐Catalyzed Generation of Alkynones and Chalcones
Authors: Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Stanley Levi M. , Sibi Mukund P.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reactions—Copper Showed the Way
Authors: Poulsen Thomas B. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CuH‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Deutsch Carl , Krause Norbert , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Reactions of Organocopper Reagents
Authors: Breit Bernhard , Schmidt Yvonne
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Multiaddition of Organocopper Reagents to Fullerenes
Authors: Matsuo Yutaka , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Silver‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Naodovic Marina , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Organic Transformations
Authors: Li Zigang , Brouwer Chad , He Chuan
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Synthetic Methods Through New Developments in Catalysis by Gold
Authors: Arcadi Antonio
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Effects in Homogeneous Au Catalysis
Authors: Gorin David J. , Sherry Benjamin D. , Toste F. Dean
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coinage Metal Catalyzed C—H Bond Functionalization of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Diaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Perez Pedro J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indolizidines and Quinolizidines: Natural Products and Beyond
Authors: Michael Joseph P.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Fluorinated Heterocycles: Intramolecular Substitution and Addition of Fluoroalkenes
Authors: Ichikawa Junji
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Propargyl Alcohols as Multifunctional Synthons
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Chandrasekhar S.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arene Dicarboxylic Acid Esters
Authors: Subramanian L. R.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerogel Materials from Marine Polysaccharides
Authors: Quignard Francoise , Valentin Romain , Di Renzo Francesco
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Surface Alkoxy Species on Acidic Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Wang Wei , Hunger Michael
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ylide‐Initiated Michael Addition—Cyclization Reactions Beyond Cyclopropanes
Authors: Sun Xiu‐Li , Tang Yong
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Using Singlet Oxygen to Synthesize Polyoxygenated Natural Products from Furans
Authors: Montagnon Tamsyn , Tofi Maria , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Functionalization of Nitrogen Heterocycles via Rh‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation
Authors: Lewis Jared C. , Bergman Robert G. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Drugs — Macrolactins
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Ling , Xu Qiang‐Zhi , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Cao Xin , Ni Kun‐Yi , Jiao Bing‐Hua
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds from Viburnum Species and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Wang Li‐Qin , Chen Ye‐Gao , Xu Jun‐Ju , Liu Ying , Li Xiao‐Mei , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gel‐integrated Voltammetric Microsensors and Submersible Probes as Reliable Tools for Environmental Trace Metal Analysis and Speciation
Authors: Tercier‐Waeber Mary‐Lou , Confalonieri Fabio , Koudelka‐Hep Milena , Dessureault‐Rompre Jacynthe , Graziottin Flavio , Buffle Jacques
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Untersuchungen zur Adsorption von n‐Butan an Aktivkohle
Authors: Hücker V. , Vogel H.
Published: November 2008

Die zunehmende Zahl von Fahrzeugen im Straßenverkehr und ein gestiegenes Umwelt‐ und Gesundheitsbewusstsein der Menschen macht den adsorptiven Autoinnenraum‐Zuluftfilter zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des modernen Kraftfahrzeugs. Wichtig für die Weiterentwicklung dieser Filtermedien ist ein besseres Verständnis der Ad‐ und Desorptionseigenschaften der darin verwendeten Aktivkohle, insbesondere im umweltrelevanten Konzentrationsbereich.
Thermogravimetrische Untersuchungen zur Pyrolyse von Ölpalmschalen
Authors: Gómez A. , Klose W. , Rincón S.
Published: November 2008

Die Einflüsse der Prozessparameter auf den Ablauf der Pyrolysereaktionen und die Verteilung der Produkte Pyrolysat, Flüssigkeit und Gas bei der Pyrolyse von Ölpalmschalen wird durch thermogravimetrische Untersuchungen bestimmt. Diese Untersuchungen erlauben es, Versuchsbedingungen zu ermitteln, bei denen die Pyrolyse im chemisch bestimmten Bereich abläuft.
Phosphorylation of tropomyosin extends cooperative binding of myosin beyond a single regulatory unit
Authors: Rao Vijay S. , Marongelli Ellisha N. , Guilford William H.
Published: November 2008

Tropomyosin (Tm) is one of the major phosphoproteins comprising the thin filament of muscle. However, the specific role of Tm phosphorylation in modulating the mechanics of actomyosin interaction has not been determined. Here we show that Tm phosphorylation is necessary for long‐range cooperative activation of myosin binding. We used a novel optical trapping assay to measure the isometric stall force of an ensemble of myosin molecules moving actin filaments reconstituted with either natively phosphorylated or dephosphorylated Tm. The data show that the thin filament is cooperatively activated by myosin across regulatory units when Tm is phosphorylated. When Tm is dephosphorylated, this “long‐range” cooperative activation is lost and the filament behaves identically to bare actin filaments. However, these effects are not due to dissociation of dephosphorylated Tm from the reconstituted thin filament. The data suggest that end‐to‐end interactions of adjacent Tm molecules are strengthened when Tm is phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation is thus essential for long range cooperative activation along the thin filament. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: Prospective Drug Delivery Systems and Application in Cell Transfection
Authors: Theodossiou T. A. , Pantos A. , Tsogas I. , Paleos C. M.
Published: November 2008

In the present review the crucial role of the guanidinium functional group in facilitating the transport of dendritic polymers through liposomal and cell membranes is discussed, along with other structural features of guanidinylated dendritic polymers that fine‐tune their transport properties, and even determine their subcellular destinations. In this context, an ideal dendritic molecular transporter would need to possess a dendritic scaffold of the appropriate size and degree of guanidinylation, flexibility of the guanidinium moiety, and should exhibit a proper balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties located on the dendritic surface. All of the above are illustrated through selected paradigms from the relevant literature, which give a valuable insight into forging successful dendritic delivery systems for both drugs and genes. The main challenge for the future focus of the field is identified as the determination of the key structural and functional characteristics that will enhance cell internalisation, and secure localisation in specific subcellular organelles.
Discovery of Novel Anticancer Compounds Based on a Quinoxalinehydrazine Pharmacophore
Authors: Deng Jinxia , Taheri Laleh , Grande Fedora , Aiello Francesca , Garofalo Antonio , Neamati Nouri
Published: November 2008

Quinoxalinehydrazines represent a novel class of compounds with excellent potency in a panel of cancer cell lines. A prototype compound, SC144, showed significant in vivo efficacy in mice xenograft models of human breast cancer cells. The subsequent structure–activity relationship study resulted in the discovery of SC161 with better potency in cancer cell lines. Further exploring the possible conformational space by a 10 ns molecular dynamics simulation as presented herein, resulted in various pharmacophore orientations. The trajectory analysis indicated that in most of the simulation time, the molecule stays favorably in a compact planarlike orientation. We therefore built a pharmacophore model based on the cluster containing the highest number of frames to represent the most probable orientation. The model was used to screen a subset of our small molecule database containing 350,000 compounds. We selected 35 compounds for the initial cytotoxicity screen. Seventeen compounds belonging to oxadiazolopyrazine and quinoline class displayed cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines. Five of them, compounds 2, 6, 15, 16, and 19, all bearing an oxadiazolopyrazine scaffold, showed IC50 values <3 μM in certain tumor cell lines. The most potent compound, 2, showed IC50 values <2 μM in HCT116 p53+/+, HCT116 p53−/−, and HEY cells, and 8 μM in NIH3T3 cells. This study shows that conformational sampling of a lead small molecule followed by representative pharmacophore model development is an efficient approach for the rational design of novel anticancer agents with similar or better potency than the original lead but with different physicochemical properties.
Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Solar Antonieta A. , Schmidt Brian L. , Jordan Richard C. K.
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUD:

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is an uncommon malignant salivary gland tumor that was characterized only recently as a distinct entity. Because of its histologic similarity to several other primary and metastatic tumors and its purported favorable clinical outcome after local resection, it is important to recognize the features of this unusual tumor.

METHODS:

The authors present 8 new, fully characterized cases of HCCC and systematically reviewed 44 other cases of HCCC reported in the English language literature from 1980 to 2008. Historic cases were reviewed, and available data regarding morphology, special stains, demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, management, and outcomes were extracted. Data from the current series were compared with the earlier published literature.

RESULTS:

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this was the largest reviewed series of HCCC and included a total of 52 cases. The findings, which included key histologic features, clinical presentation, and outcome, generally were consistent with what was reported previously. However, the current review revealed that 25% of patients reported in the literature had metastatases at initial presentation, including 10 of 44 patients who had metastases to regional lymph nodes and 1 patient who had metastasis to the lung. The authors were unable to identify any specific histologic features that would predict this behavior.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results indicated that HCCC is less indolent than was believed previously; therefore, regional lymph node dissection should be considered in conjunction with wide local excision for patients with HCC. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Mechanism of aggregation and intergrowth of crystals during bulk crystallization from solutions
Authors: Linnikov O. D.
Published: November 2008

Available literature data on aggregation kinetics of crystals of a number of salts during their bulk crystallization from solutions have been analysed. The proposed earlier mechanism of aggregation and intergrowth of crystals during bulk crystallization owing to formation of nucleus‐bridges between crystals was tested and confirmed. The aggregation kinetics of crystals was described by the familiar Smoluchowski equation for coagulation of colloidal particles. However, in a bulk crystallization process, the aggregation constant in this equation decreased as supersaturation in a solution lowered. An expression for the aggregation constant in this equation was proposed. The proposed mechanism of crystal intergrowth duringt bulk crystallization allowed evaluating the specific surface energy of tested salts, which turned out to be in reasonable agreement with published literature data. It was concluded that the intergrowth of crystals during bulk crystallization from solutions proceeded via formation of nucleus‐bridges between crystals. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Liquid phase epitaxy set‐up designed for in situ X‐ray study of SiGe island growth on (001) Si substrates
Authors: Teubner Th. , Jendritzki U. , Böttcher K. , Schadow G. , Heimburger R. , Gerlitzke A.‐K. , Deiter S. , Eisenschmidt Ch. , Boeck T. , Fornari R. , Hanke M.
Published: November 2008

In situ X‐ray examination at a synchrotron beamline of the solution growth of self‐assembled SiGe structures on silicon (001) substrates through the backside has been realized by a specific heating equipment and a suitable growth assembly. The furnace allows heating of the growth assembly up to 600 °C. The temperature field and the gas flow in the furnace have been numerically modeled. In this way a meaningful estimate about the power consumption and the thermal gradient across the sample has been reached. Despite its low heat capacity and, thus, fast heating and cooling ability the furnace can be stabilized to ± 0.1 K by a high‐performance temperature controller. The growth assembly has been prepared within three separate stages carried out in conventional slideboat liquid phase epitaxy equipment. Such growth assembly allows carrying out then intended experiments without H2 as normally used in liquid phase epitaxy in favor of N2, meeting the demand of minimized risks at beamlines. The equipment ensures an easy handling of the growth assembly. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetic studies on the influence of temperature and growth rate history on crystal growth
Authors: Martins P. M. , Rocha F. A.
Published: November 2008

Crystallization experiments of sucrose were performed in a batch crystallizer to study the effect of temperature and growth rate history on the crystal growth kinetics. In one of the growth methods adopted, the isothermal volumetric growth rate (RV) is determined as a function of supersaturation (S) at 35, 40 and 45 ºC. In the other, crystals are allowed to grow at constant supersaturation by automatically controlling the solution temperature as the solute concentration decreased. Using the latter method RV is calculated as the solution is cooled. The obtained results are interpreted using empirical, engineering and fundamental perspectives of crystal growth. Firstly, the overall activation energy (EA) is determined from the empirical growth constants obtained in the isothermal method. The concept of falsified kinetics, widely used in chemical reaction engineering, is then extended to the crystal growth of sucrose in order to estimate the true activation energy (ET) from the diffusion‐affected constant, EA. The differences found in the isothermal and constant supersaturation methods are explained from the viewpoint of the spiral nucleation mechanism, taking into account different crystal surface properties caused by the growth rate history in each method. Finally, the crystal growth curve obtained in the batch crystallizer at 40 ºC is compared with the one obtained in a fluidized bed crystallizer at the same temperature. Apparently divergent results are explained by the effects of crystal size, hydrodynamic conditions and growth rate history on the crystallization kinetics of sucrose. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A decreased positivity for CD90 on human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is associated with a loss of immunosuppressive activity by MSCs
Authors: Campioni Diana , Rizzo Roberta , Stignani Marina , Melchiorri Loredana , Ferrari Luisa , Moretti Sabrina , Russo Antonio , Bagnara Gian Paolo , Bonsi Laura , Alviano Francesco , Lanzoni Giacomo , Cuneo Antonio , Baricordi Olavio R. , Lanza Francesco
Published: November 2008

Biologic and clinical interest in human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) has risen over the last years, mainly due to their immunosuppressive properties. In this study, we investigated the basis of immunomodulant possible variability using hMSC from different sources (amniotic membrane, chorion, and bone marrow from either healthy subjects or patients with hematological malignancies, HM) and having discordant positivity for several immunological markers. The CD90+ hMSC reduced lymphoproliferative response in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) via sHLA‐G and IL‐10 up‐modulation. On the contrary, hMSC showing a significantly lower expression for CD90 antigen, elicited a lymphoproliferative allogeneic response in PHA/PBMCs without any increase in soluble HLA‐G and IL‐10 levels. These data seems to suggest that CD90 molecule may be considered a novel predictive marker for hMSC inhibitory ability, and might cooperate with HLA‐G molecule in regulating suppressive versus stimulatory properties of hMSC. These results may have clinical implication in either transplantation or in regenerative medicine fields. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
The absolute counting of red cell‐derived microparticles with red cell bead by flow rate based assay
Authors: Nantakomol Duangdao , Imwong Malika , Soontarawirat Ingfar , Kotjanya Duangporn , Khakhai Chulalak , Ohashi Jun , Nuchnoi Pornlada
Published: November 2008

Background:

Activation of red blood cell is associated with the formation of red cell‐derived microparticles (RMPs). Analysis of circulating RMPs is becoming more refined and clinically useful. A quantitative Trucount™ tube method is the conventional method uses for quantitating RMPs. In this study, we validated a quantitative method called “flow rate based assay using red cell bead (FCB)” to measure circulating RMPs in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects.

Methods:

Citrated blood samples collected from 30 cases of healthy subjects were determined the RMPs count by using double labeling of annexin V‐FITC and anti‐glycophorin A‐PE. The absolute RMPs numbers were measured by FCB, and the results were compared with the Trucount™ or with flow rate based calibration (FR). Statistical correlation and agreement were analyzed using linear regression and Bland‐Altman analysis.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the absolute number of RMPs quantitated by FCB when compared with those two reference methods including the Trucount™ tube and FR method. The absolute RMPs count obtained from FCB method was highly correlated with those obtained from Trucount™ tube (r2 = 0.98, mean bias 4 cell/μl, limit of agreement [LOA] −20.3 to 28.3 cell/μl), and FR method (r2 = 1, mean bias 10.3 cell/μl, and LOA −5.5 to 26.2 cell/μl).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that FCB is suitable and more affordable for RMPs quantitation in the clinical samples. This method is a low cost and interchangeable to latex bead‐based method for generating the absolute counts in the resource‐limited areas. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
The migratory behavior of immature enteric neurons
Authors: Hao M.M. , Anderson R.B. , Kobayashi K. , Whitington P.M. , Young H.M.
Published: November 2008

While they are migrating caudally along the developing gut, around 10%–20% of enteric neural crest‐derived cells start to express pan‐neuronal markers and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). We used explants of gut from embryonic TH‐green fluorescence protein (GFP) mice and time‐lapse microscopy to examine whether these immature enteric neurons migrate and their mode of migration. In the gut of E10.5 and E11.5 TH‐GFP mice, around 50% of immature enteric neurons (GFP+ cells) migrated, with an average speed of around 15 μm/h. This is slower than the speed at which the population of enteric neural crest‐derived cells advances along the developing gut, and hence neuronal differentiation seems to slow, but not necessarily halt, the caudal migration of enteric neural crest cells. Most migrating immature enteric neurons migrated caudally by extending a long‐leading process followed by translocation of the cell body. This mode of migration is different from that of non‐neuronal enteric neural crest‐derived cells and neural crest cells in other locations, but resembles that of migrating neurons in many regions of the developing central nervous system (CNS). In migrating immature enteric neurons, a swelling often preceded the movement of the nucleus in the direction of the leading process. However, the centrosomal marker, pericentrin, was not localized to either the leading process or swelling. This seems to be the first detailed report of neuronal migration in the developing mammalian peripheral nervous system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009.
FGFR2 in the dental epithelium is essential for development and maintenance of the maxillary cervical loop, a stem cell niche in mouse incisors
Authors: Lin Yongshun , Cheng Yi‐Shing Lisa , Qin Chunlin , Lin Chunhong , D'Souza Rena , Wang Fen
Published: November 2008

Constant supplies of dental epithelial cells from stem cell niches in the cervical loop enable mouse incisors to grow continuously through life. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) has been shown to be essential for development of mouse incisors and maintenance of incisor cervical loops during prenatal development. Whether its cognate receptor, FGFR2IIIB, in the dental epithelium is required for postnatal tooth development remains unknown because Fgfr2IIIb ablation causes neonatal lethality. Here we report that tissue‐specific ablation of Fgfr2 in the dental epithelium led to defective maxillary incisors that lacked ameloblasts and the enamel, and had poorly developed odontoblasts. Although the cervical loop in Fgfr2 null maxillary incisors was formed initially, it failed to continue to develop and gradually diminished soon after birth. The results suggest that the FGFR2 signaling axis plays a role in maintaining the stem cell niche required for incisor development and lifelong growth. Developmental Dynamics 238:324–330, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FGF alters epithelial competence for EGF at the initiation of branching morphogenesis of mouse submandibular gland
Authors: Nitta Mari , Kume Toshiaki , Nogawa Hiroyuki
Published: November 2008

Embryonic day 13 mouse submandibular gland (E13‐SMG) rudiments with two to four clefts have been commonly used in culture experiments to show that growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) ‐family and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ‐family ligands, are involved in branching morphogenesis. In the present study, we focused on E12 rudiments and attempted to elucidate the roles of EGF‐ and FGF‐family ligands in SMG development from E12 to E13. In mesenchyme‐free, Matrigel‐embedded cultures, EGF + lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced branching in E13 epithelium, whereas E12 epithelium remained spherical and no branching occurred under the same culture conditions; however, both E12 and E13 epithelia elongated in response to FGF10. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction studies showed that the expression of ErbB1 among four EGF receptors and Lpa3 among three LPA receptors was lower in E12 than in E13 epithelia. Fgf10, Fgf7, and their major receptor Fgfr2b were highly and equally expressed in E12 and E13 rudiments. After 24 hr of mesenchyme‐free culture with FGF10 or FGF7, E12 epithelium was primed to initiate branching morphogenesis in response to EGF + LPA coincident with ErbB1 and Lpa3 up‐regulation. These results suggest that the EGF‐family ligand–receptor system is undeveloped at E12 and that it becomes primed on E13 by the FGF ligand–receptor system to play an important role in the induction of branching morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 238:315–323, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of bone morphogenetic protein signaling on development of the jaw skeleton
Authors: Hu Diane , Colnot Celine , Marcucio Ralph S.
Published: November 2008

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate many aspects of development including skeletogenesis. Here, we examined the response of neural crest‐derived cells to ectopic BMP signaling by infecting avian embryos with retroviruses encoding Bmp‐2 or Bmp‐4 at various times of development. Infection at stages 10 and 15 transformed large areas of the skull into cartilage by day 13. At this time cartilage condensations were still forming, which revealed the presence of uncommitted mesenchymal cells. By day 19, hypertrophic chondrocytes were present in the cartilage possibly due to changes in the perichondrium that relieved repression on hypertrophy. While these cells expressed Sox9, Collagen‐2, Runx2, Ihh, Noggin, and Collagen‐10, cartilage was not replaced by bone. Whether this is an intrinsic property of the skull cartilage, or results from sustained Bmp signaling is not known. Developmental Dynamics 237:3727–3737, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
To β or not to β: Canonical β‐catenin signaling pathway and ovarian development
Authors: Tevosian Sergei G. , Manuylov Nikolay L.
Published: November 2008

The mammalian embryonic gonad is a unique organ primordium in that it can adopt two different developmental fates—namely, differentiate as either a testis or an ovary—with dramatic consequences for an individual. While a molecular cascade culminating in testis development is well characterized, the ovarian pathways still remain enigmatic. The canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling implements a conserved mechanism of regulating gene expression that is integral to development of all metazoans. In this review, we summarize the recent evidence that suggests a central role for this signaling pathway in the development of the mammalian female. Developmental Dynamics 237:3672–3680, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semaphorin and neuropilin expression during early morphogenesis of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Koestner Ulrich , Shnitsar Iryna , Linnemannstöns Karen , Hufton Andrew L. , Borchers Annette
Published: November 2008

Semaphorins are major regulators of morphogenesis and are involved in a variety of processes ranging from the guidance of cell migration to the development of cancer. Since semaphorins were first characterized as repulsive neuronal guidance cues, their expression has been best documented in the nervous system. However, broader studies are lacking. Here, we describe the expression of 13 members of the semaphorin family and two neuropilin receptors during early Xenopus laevis development. No particular expression pattern defines any of the semaphorin classes, but many are dynamically expressed in distinct areas undergoing morphogenetic cell movements like the developing mesoderm and the migrating neural crest. Furthermore, the complementary expression patterns of Sema3A/Nrp1 and Sema3F/Nrp2 are maintained across hundreds of millions of years, possibly indicating a conserved role in the guidance of migrating neural crest cells. Developmental Dynamics 237:3853–3863, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dnm3os, a non‐coding RNA, is required for normal growth and skeletal development in mice
Authors: Watanabe Tokumitsu , Sato Takahiro , Amano Tomokazu , Kawamura Yumiko , Kawamura Naohiro , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Yamashita Naohide , Kurihara Hiroki , Nakaoka Takashi
Published: November 2008

Dnm3os, a gene that is transcribed into a non‐coding RNA (ncRNA), contains three micro RNAs (miRNAs), miR‐199a, miR‐199a*, and miR‐214, whose functions remain unknown in mammals. In this study, we introduced the lacZ gene into the Dnm3os locus to recapitulate its expression pattern and disrupt its function. Dnm3os+/lacZ heterozygous embryos showed β‐galactosidase activity, which reflected the authentic expression pattern of Dnm3os RNA. Most of the Dnm3oslacZ/lacZ homozygous pups died within one month of birth. After birth, Dnm3oslacZ/lacZ mice exhibited several skeletal abnormalities, including craniofacial hypoplasia, defects in dorsal neural arches and spinous processes of the vertebrae, and osteopenia. Importantly, the expression of miR‐199a, miR‐199a*, and miR‐214 was significantly down‐regulated in Dnm3oslacZ/lacZ embryos, supporting the assumption that Dnm3os serves as a precursor of these three miRNAs. Thus, Dnm3os has emerged as an miRNA‐encoding gene that is indispensable for normal skeletal development and body growth in mammals. Developmental Dynamics 237:3738–3748, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sandwich‐Type Heteroleptic opposite‐(Diazaporphyrinato)cerium Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Structure, and Electrochemistry
Authors: Pan Na , Bian Yongzhong , Yokoyama Masaki , Li Renjie , Fukuda Takamitsu , Neya Saburo , Jiang Jianzhuang , Kobayashi Nagao
Published: November 2008

Two sandwich‐type heteroleptic tetrapyrrole cerium complexes, Ce2(dap)2(pc) (1) [dap = 2,8,12,18‐tetraethyl‐3,7‐13,17‐tetramethyl‐5,15‐diazaporphyrinate; pc = phthalocyaninate] and Ce(dap)(oep) (2) (oep = octaethylporphyrinate), were prepared by a one‐pot reaction of [Ce(acac)3]·nH2O (acac = acetylacetonate), metal‐free diazaporphyrin H2dap, and Li2pc or H2oep in refluxing 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene. These sandwich double‐ and triple‐decker complexes were characterized by a wide range of spectroscopic methods in addition to elemental analysis. Their electrochemistry was also studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The molecular structure of Ce2(dap)2(pc) (1) was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis, indicating an unexpected asymmetrical disposition of the ligands, with two adjacent dap moieties and one outer pc ring.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
[Ru(PPh3)3Cl2]‐Mediated Transformation of –CH3 into =CHPHPh3 in Biacetylmonoxime Acetyl‐/Aroylhydrazones: Ruthenium(III) Complexes with the Transformed Ligands
Authors: Raveendran Raji , Pal Samudranil
Published: November 2008

Ruthenium(III) complexes of general formula trans‐[Ru(tL)(PPh3)Cl2] have been isolated in 58–73 % yields from reactions between [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] and tridentate Schiff bases (H2L) derived from biacetylmonoxime and acid hydrazides in methanol. The X‐ray structures of the complexes reveal unprecedented conversions of methyl groups in the biacetyl fragments of the Schiff bases into triphenyl‐vinyl‐λ5‐phosphane (=CHPHPh3) moieties in the transformed ligands (tL–). The metal centre in each complex is in a distorted octahedral N2OPCl2 coordination sphere made up of the meridionally spanning N,N,O‐donor tL–, PPh3 and two mutually trans‐oriented chlorides. In their electronic spectra, the complexes each display four absorptions due to ligand‐to‐metal and ligand‐centred transitions in the 463–260 nm range. All the complexes are one‐electron paramagnetic (μeff. at 298 K = 1.81–2.06 μB) and display rhombic EPR spectra in frozen (120 K) dichloromethane/toluene (1:1) solutions. Cyclic voltammograms of the complexes in dimethylformamide solutions show substituent‐sensitive, quasi‐reversible RuIV/RuIII and RuIII/RuII couples in the potential ranges of 0.46 to 0.54 V and –0.53 to –0.42 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Theoretical Description of Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Schwabe Tobias , Grimme Stefan
Published: November 2008

The ability of the current Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT) to compute the change of the proton affinity (PA) of phenol derivatives due to substitution is investigated. These systems can be used as models to predict reactivities in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The complexity of the problem is increased systematically by introducing successively up to four substituents in five typical cases (methyl, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine). Our investigation can be regarded as representative for an important class of problems consistently encountered in the DFT modeling of organic reactions. High‐level theoretical reference data from CCSD(T) and SCS‐MP2 wave‐function calculations are presented, and the PAs are compared to those obtained by a series of density functionals (DFs). It is shown that not all DFs are capable of quantitatively reproducing the substituent effects. These can be simply linear in the number of substituents or show more complicated patterns. Especially for halogens, some DFs even fail completely. In these cases, linearly increasing errors with the number of groups are observed. Reliable results are obtained with hybrid DFs or the even more accurate double‐hybrid DF approach. The errors are attributed to the common self‐interaction (over‐delocalization) error in part of the DFs. Comparison with Hartree–Fock results shows that a reliable account of electron correlation is necessary to compute the PA of unsaturated and highly substituted molecules with chemical accuracy.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylates by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of Aryl Bromides
Authors: Melkonyan Ferdinand , Topolyan Artyom , Yurovskaya Marina , Karchava Alexander
Published: November 2008

A simple route to variousN‐substituted 1‐amino‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylates by use of copper(I)‐catalyzed intramolecularN‐arylation has been established. For the preparation ofN‐monosubstituted andN‐unsubstituted derivatives, the cyclization of Boc‐protected enehydrazines and subsequent deprotection were applied. Furthermore, 1‐alkoxyindole‐3‐carboxylates can be synthesized by use of the same protocol(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Are Ionic Liquids Suitable Media for Organocatalytic Reactions?
Authors: Toma Štefan , Mečiarová Mária , Šebesta Radovan
Published: November 2008

Recent developments in organocatalysis have shown that these reactions can be advantageously performed in nonclassical media, such as ionic liquids or water. Among many organocatalysts, proline and its derivatives have attracted enormous attention, and these compounds have recently also been efficiently utilized in ionic liquids. Performing organocatalytic reactions in such media offer possibilities for easy catalyst recovery and reuse, on top of simplified product isolation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)