bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching for Strong Gravitational Lenses
Authors: Lemon Cameron , Courbin Frédéric , More Anupreeta , Schechter Paul , Cañameras Raoul , Delchambre Ludovic , Leung Calvin , Shu Yiping , Spiniello Chiara , Hezaveh Yashar , Klüter Jonas , McMahon Richard
Published: February 2024

Strong gravitational lenses provide unique laboratories for cosmological and astrophysical investigations, but they must first be discovered – a task that can be met with significant contamination by other astrophysical objects and asterisms. Here we review strong lens searches, covering various sources (quasars, galaxies, supernovae, FRBs, GRBs, and GWs), lenses (early- and late-type galaxies, groups, and clusters), datasets (imaging, spectra, and lightcurves), and wavelengths. We first present the physical characteristics of the lens and source populations, highlighting relevant details for constructing targeted searches. Search techniques are described based on the main lensing feature that is required for the technique to work, namely one of: (i) an associated magnification, (ii) multiple spatially-resolved images, (iii) multiple redshifts, or (iv) a non-zero time delay between images. To use the current lens samples for science, and for the design of future searches, we list several selection biases that exist due to these discovery techniques. We conclude by discussing the future of lens searches in upcoming surveys and the new population of lenses that will be discovered.
Pathological calcification in canine tendon-derived cells is modulated by extracellular ATP
Authors: Zamboulis Danae E. , Marr Neil , Moustafa Alaa , Meeson Richard , Orriss Isabel R. , Thorpe Chavaunne T.
Published: February 2024

Tendon calcification is a commonly associated with degenerative tendinopathy of the Achilles tendons in dogs. It is characterised by the formation of calcific deposits and is refractory to treatment, often re-forming after surgical removal. Little is known about its pathogenesis and therefore the aims of this study were to develop an in vitro model of canine tendon calcification and use this model to investigate mechanisms driving calcification. Cells from the canine Achilles tendon were cultured with different calcifying media to establish which conditions were best able to induce specific, cell-mediated calcification. Once optimum calcification conditions had been established, the effect of ATP treatment on calcification was assessed. Results revealed that 2 mM di-sodium phosphate combined with 2 mM calcium chloride provided the optimum calcifying conditions, increasing calcium deposition and expression of osteogenic-related genes similar to those observed in tendon calcification in vivo. ATP treatment inhibited calcification in a dose-dependent manner, reducing calcium deposition and increasing cell viability, while osteogenic-related genes were no longer upregulated. In conclusion, the in vitro model of canine tendon calcification developed in this study provides the ability to study mechanisms driving tendon calcification, demonstrating that ATP plays a role in modulating tendon calcification that should be explored further in future studies.
Residual Stress Generation in Additive Manufacturing of Complex Lattice Geometries
Authors: Bruggeman Katie , Klingbeil Nathan , Palazotto Anthony
Published: February 2024

Residual stresses developed during additive manufacturing (AM) can influence the mechanical performance of structural components in their intended applications. In this study, thermomechanical residual stress simulations of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process are conducted for both simplified (plate and cube-shaped) geometries as well as five complex lattice geometries fabricated with Inconel 718. These simulations are conducted with the commercial software package Simufact Additive©, which uses a nonlinear finite element analysis and layer-by-layer averaging approach in determining residual stresses. To verify the efficacy of the Simufact Additive© simulations, numerical results for the plate and cube-shape geometries are analyzed for convergence and compared to experimental residual stress results available in the literature. Numerical residual stress results are subsequently compared for five complex lattice geometries. Results suggest that lattice geometry can play a significant role in the distribution and magnitude of residual stresses, which are significant in some applications.
Hepatitis B Virus Elimination Strategies
Authors: Xu Mimi , Terrault Norah A.
Published: February 2024

Purpose of Review

The World Health Assembly called to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat in 2016 and proposed elimination goals by 2030. This review examined current national and global progress with hepatitis B virus elimination, and the hurdles and solutions being undertaken to achieve elimination goals.

Recent Findings

Few countries are on target to achieve the elimination targets of a 95% reduction in new infections and a 65% reduction in mortality by 2030. Gaps towards elimination remain, such as low infant vaccine coverage in low-income countries and continued under-diagnosis and low rates of treatment globally.

HBV elimination is feasible but will require continued focus on infant and childhood vaccine coverage, improving blood and injection safety, increasing harm reduction measures among persons who use drugs, and providing broader access to low-cost diagnostics and antiviral treatment.
The moderation effect of economic, social and cultural status on mediating role of adaptability and intercultural sensitivity in the relationship between self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants in Türkiye
Authors: Tomul Ekber , Taslidere Erdal , Almış Selman , Açıl Esin
Published: February 2024

This study was conducted to explore whether and how 15-year-old students’ economic, social and cultural status (ESCS), which is the indicator of the socio-economic status, moderate the mediating role of adaptability and intercultural sensitivity in the link between self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants in Türkiye. The study aimed to answer several research questions, including whether the intercultural sensitivity and adaptability mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants, and whether the students’ level of the ESCS moderates these effects. The study utilized data from PISA conducted in 2018 and involved 6890 participants from 186 schools in Türkiye. Missing values and outliers in the data set were removed, and data of 6569 15-year-old students were analyzed. Before Conditional Process Analysis, regression assumptions were checked and no problems were observed. The Conditional Process Analysis was conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects of students’ self-efficacy on their attitudes towards immigrants through the intercultural sensitivity and adaptability with the condition that no mediator causally influences another. The study found that self-efficacy was a significant predictor of the intercultural sensitivity, adaptability, and attitudes towards immigrants. The results of the mediation analyses showed that both the intercultural sensitivity and adaptability partially mediated the relationship between the self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants. Notably, the indirect effect through the intercultural sensitivity was larger than that of through adaptability, indicating that intercultural sensitivity plays a stronger mediating role in this relationship. The conditional effects of the self-efficacy on intercultural sensitivity, adaptability and attitudes towards immigrants varied depending on the level of the ESCS. The conditional direct effect of the self-efficacy on attitudes towards immigrants was significant for all levels of the ESCS, with the effect being strongest for individuals with relatively low ESCS and weakest for individuals with relatively high ESCS. The results also showed that students’ ESCS moderated the indirect effect of the self-efficacy on attitudes towards immigrants through the intercultural sensitivity and adaptability. This means that the relationship between self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants was not only mediated by intercultural sensitivity and adaptability, but also influenced by the level of the ESCS. Therefore, findings of the study suggest that the relationship between self-efficacy, the ESCS, intercultural sensitivity, adaptability, and attitudes towards immigrants is complex and multifaceted, and that it may depend on various contextual and individual factors.
Status cues and moral judgment: Formal attire induces moral favoritism but not for hypocrites
Authors: Dong Mengchen , van Prooijen Jan-Willem , van Lange Paul A. M.
Published: February 2024

Status-related impressions influence important interpersonal dynamics, including moral judgments of good or bad, and right or wrong, whereas these impressions can be formed based on subtle cues (e.g., formal versus casual attire of transgressors). The current research examined how attire influences moral judgments in transgressive contexts and for different transgressions. We proposed that attire would have different effects on moral judgments depending on whether transgressions were accompanied with contradictory moral claims (i.e., hypocrisy versus non-hypocrisy), and attire and hypocrisy would influence moral judgments through perceived intentionality (i.e., whether transgressions were committed intentionally or accidentally). We tested these hypotheses in four studies (total N = 1,007; including two pre-registered), by examining both people’s moral blame of transgressive behaviors and their moral impressions (e.g., trustworthiness and compassion) of the transgressors. Findings were largely in line with hypotheses: People favored formal- over casual-attire targets when both transgressed in non-hypocritical contexts and with ambiguous intentionality (Studies 1 to 3). However, moral favoritism based on formal attire was diminished when transgressions were hypocritical and perceived as intentional (Studies 2 to 4). For various contexts where people (need to) make moral judgments, our findings suggest that cues of high status are key ingredients to moral evaluations, but signs of hypocrisy and intentionality may seriously undermine the workings of these cues.
From Geoheritage to Geosites at the Oeste Aspiring Geopark (Portugal)
Authors: Pimentel Nuno , Pereira Bruno , Silva Miguel Reis
Published: February 2024

Geoheritage and geosites have been assessed as part of the work supporting the application of the Oeste Aspiring Geopark, in West Central Portugal, for an UNESCO Global Geopark. The geological framework is presented, describing the regional evolution of the Lusitanian Basin, related to the Mesozoic opening of the North Atlantic, since the Late Triassic until the Late Cretaceous, followed by the Cenozoic inversion of the basin, related to the Alpine orogeny. The overall geodiversity of the territory is described, and the main geological highlights are presented.

Within the scope and objectives of a Geopark, the criteria for the definition of geosites are presented and discussed. Geoconservation, geoeducation and geotourism have been considered to define 80 geosites, with different characteristics, purposes, relevance and potential. Six different encompassing themes have been defined, each one with a specific storytelling. Geoconservation issues are also addressed, showing the importance of protection strategies for the geosites at a local scale.
Lygus Hahn in Turkey with a new subspecies of Lygus wagneri Remane (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Yazıcı Gülten , Bal Neslihan
Published: February 2024

The paper presents all species of Lygus Hahn in Turkey. In this study, a total of 228 Lygus samples collected from Çankırı between 2013–2014 are evaluated. As a result, a total of six species of Lygus are determined from Turkey. In addition, Lygus wagneri ozdikmeni ssp. n., a new subspecies of Lygus wagneri from Çankırı province of Turkey is described. Habitus of holotype (male) and its genitalia are photographed. The newly described subspecies differs significantly from the nominative subspecies of Lygus wagneri and the other closely related Lygus species in terms of genital morphology and external morphology. The distribution data in Turkey and the world of all Lygus species are also given in the text. Accordingly, an identification key for all Lygus species in Turkey is provided.
Uphill battle: Innovation of thiopurine therapy in global inflammatory bowel disease care
Authors: Bayoumy Ahmed B. , Mulder Chris J. J. , Ansari Azhar R. , Barclay Murray L. , Florin Tim , Kiszka-Kanowitz Marianne , Derijks Luc , Sharma Vishal , de Boer Nanne K. H.
Published: February 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that encompasses two major conditions: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Historically, IBD has been primarily reported in western countries, but over the past decades, its prevalence is rapidly increasing, especially in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India and China and also in Sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of IBD in LMICs has been the subject of growing concern due to the impact of access to public healthcare and the burden it places on healthcare resources. The classical thiopurines face significant challenges due to cessation of therapy in approximately half of patients within one year due to side effects or ineffectiveness. In this article, we highlight innovating thiopurine treatment for IBD patients in downregulating side effects and improving efficacy.
TRAIL predisposes non-small cell lung cancer to ferroptosis by regulating ASK-1/JNK1 pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Deng Huiqian , Huang Mi , Zhou Wei , Yang Yilin
Published: February 2024

Objective

Our current study aimed to assess the relationship between TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development.

Methods

The expression of TRAIL was detected by western blot, RT-qRCR and immunohistochemistry. The viability of NSCLC cells was analyzed by CCK-8 kit. The migration and invasion of NSCLC cells were detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. Labile iron pool (LIP) was detected based on the calcein-acetoxymethyl ester method. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) and iron levels were assessed by detection kits. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using corresponding detection kits. Mice tumor xenograft models were used for the in vivo research.

Results

The expression of TRAIL was reduced in H1299, NCL-H1395, and A549 cells compared with BEAS-2B cells. The up-regulation of TRAIL expression significantly reduced cell viability, invasion, and migration of H1299 and A549 cells. TRAIL reduced the expression of ferroptosis-related genes (FTH1, GPX4, and SLC7A11), increased the levels of LIP, iron, and Fe2+, and promoted lipid peroxidation, thereby predisposing NSCLC cells to ferroptosis. TRAIL up-regulated the expression of phosphate modification of ASK-1 and JNK. ASKI-1 inhibitor GS-4977 attenuated the effects of TRAIL on the viability, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis of H1299 cells. Furthermore, TRAIL further suppressed tumor growth and ferroptosis in mice tumor xenograft models.

Conclusion

We indicated that overexpression of TRAIL induced ferroptosis in NSCLC cells and exerted anti-tumor effects. Mechanistically, TRAIL promoted ferroptosis by the activation of the ASK-1/JNK1 pathway. Our results may provide new therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
Vertical dynamic measurements of a railway transition zone: a case study in Sweden
Authors: Unsiwilai Siwarak , Shen Chen , Zeng Yuanchen , Wang Li , Núñez Alfredo , Li Zili
Published: February 2024

This study presents a measuring framework for railway transition zones using a case study on the Swedish line between Boden and Murjek. The final goal is to better understand the vertical dynamics of transition zones using hammer tests, falling weight measurements, and axle box acceleration (ABA) measurements. Frequency response functions (FRFs) from hammer tests indicate two track resonances, for which the FRF magnitudes on the plain track are at least 30% lower than those at the abutment. The falling weight measurements indicate that the track on the bridge has a much higher deflection than the track on the embankment. Two features from ABA signals, the dominant spatial frequency and the scale average wavelet power, show variation along the transition zone. These variations indicate differences in track conditions per location. Finally, the ABA features in the range of 1.05–2.86 m−1 are found to be related to the track resonance in the range of 30–60 Hz. The findings in this paper provide additional support for physically interpreting train-borne measurements for monitoring transition zones.
Rough Volatility: Fact or Artefact?
Authors: Cont Rama , Das Purba
Published: February 2024

We investigate the statistical evidence for the use of ‘rough’ fractional processes with Hurst exponent $$H< 0.5$$

H
<
0.5

for modeling the volatility of financial assets, using a model-free approach. We introduce a non-parametric method for estimating the roughness of a function based on discrete sample, using the concept of normalized p-th variation along a sequence of partitions. Detailed numerical experiments based on sample paths of fractional Brownian motion and other fractional processes reveal good finite sample performance of our estimator for measuring the roughness of sample paths of stochastic processes. We then apply this method to estimate the roughness of realized volatility signals based on high-frequency observations. Detailed numerical experiments based on stochastic volatility models show that, even when the instantaneous volatility has diffusive dynamics with the same roughness as Brownian motion, the realized volatility exhibits rough behaviour corresponding to a Hurst exponent significantly smaller than 0.5. Comparison of roughness estimates for realized and instantaneous volatility in fractional volatility models with different values of Hurst exponent shows that, irrespective of the roughness of the spot volatility process, realized volatility always exhibits ‘rough’ behaviour with an apparent Hurst index $$\widehat{H}<0.5$$

H
^

<
0.5

. These results suggest that the origin of the roughness observed in realized volatility time series lies in the estimation error rather than the volatility process itself.
Lateral Thinking: The Lateral Arm Approach for Stereotactic-Guided Breast Biopsies. What We’ve Learned So Far
Authors: Najmi Nooshin , Rashid Mollie A. , Fardanesh Reza , Fischer Cheryce P.
Published: February 2024

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this paper is to review a novel technique for stereotactic-guided breast biopsies utilizing the lateral arm approach.

Recent Findings

Successful stereotactic-guided biopsies require careful consideration of lesion location and patient anatomy. Cases that cannot be safely performed are often referred for surgical biopsy, which can increase patient anxiety and delay diagnosis. The lateral arm approach provides an alternative needle approach for biopsy that can mitigate some of the most common exclusion criteria for standard techniques. Although there are many benefits to the lateral arm approach, it has not yet been widely adopted. This article reviews the lateral arm approach, including patient selection, procedural technique, advantages, and disadvantages. Case examples utilizing the technique will also be discussed to illustrate our institutional experience (including procedural tips) and how the lateral arm approach can be integrated into breast imaging practice.

The lateral arm approach can expand the patient population that can undergo stereotactic-guided breast biopsy, which may obviate the need for surgical biopsy or short-term follow-up. The technique also allows for a creative approach to biopsy in challenging cases. Proficiency with the lateral arm approach can expand a breast imager’s interventional skills, improve patient care, and allow for more expedient diagnosis of suspicious breast findings.
Process comparison of laser deep penetration welding in pure nickel using blue and infrared wavelengths
Authors: Möbus M. , Pordzik R. , Krämer A. , Mattulat T.
Published: February 2024

Laser sources with wavelengths in the visible blue spectrum are suitable for heat conduction mode welding of materials like copper and nickel due to the significantly increased Fresnel absorption compared to infrared laser radiation. Recently, blue laser sources with 445 nm wavelength have become available with sufficient power and beam parameters to exceed the intensity threshold for laser deep penetration welding. In laser beam deep penetration welding, the total absorption is significantly increased due to the multiple reflections in the keyhole compared to heat conduction mode welding. However, since the absorbed energy per reflection inside the keyhole is wavelength-dependent, it can be hypothesized that the choice of laser wavelength causes changes in the local energy distribution inside the keyhole, changing the keyhole dynamics. To investigate this, laser beam deep penetration welding experiments were carried out on 2.4068 pure nickel using an infrared laser source and a blue laser source with comparable beam properties. The experiments were monitored and compared by a multi-sensor setup and metallographic analyses. This setup included measurements of airborne acoustic emissions and two high-speed video cameras for spatter tracking and tracking of the keyhole area. The use of a blue laser beam led to a lower spatter quantity, an increase of porosity and a significant change of acoustic emissions, proving the hypothesis for pure nickel.
The relationship between trajectories of renal oxygen saturation and acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study with a secondary analysis
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Xiaoxiao , Shi Wenzhu , Yu Yao , Sha Xiaoling , Wang Peipei , Yao Siyi , Li Zhao , Liu Yanhong , Cao Jiangbei , Li Hao , Mi Weidong
Published: February 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major postoperative consequence, affecting prognosis of older patients. Effective prediction or intervention to predict or prevent the incidence of AKI is currently unavailable.

Aims

Dynamic changes of renal tissue oxygen saturation (RSO2) during surgery process are understudied and we intended to explore the distinct trajectories and associations with postoperative AKI.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis including data for older patients who underwent open hepatectomy surgery with informed consent. Latent class mixed models (LCMM) method was conducted to generate trajectories of intraoperative renal tissue RSO2 through different time points. The primary outcome was postoperative 7-day AKI. The univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to identify the relationship between distinct trajectories of renal tissue RSO2 and the risk of AKI. Meanwhile, the prediction efficacy of renal tissue RSO2 at different time points was compared to find potential intervention timing.

Results

Postoperative AKI occurred in 14 (15.2%) of 92 patients. There are two distinct renal tissue RSO2 trajectories, with 44.6% generating "high-downwards" trajectory and 55.4% generating "consistently-high" trajectory. Patients with "high-downwards" trajectory had significantly higher risk of postoperative AKI than another group (Unadjusted OR [Odds Ratio] = 3.790, 95% CI [Confidence Interval]: 1.091–13.164, p = 0.036; Adjusted OR = 3.973, 95% CI 1.020–15.478, p = 0.047, respectively). Predictive performance was 71.4% sensitivity and 60.3% specificity for "high-downwards" trajectory of renal tissue RSO2 to identify AKI. Furthermore, the renal tissue RSO2 exhibited the lowest level and the best results in terms of the sensitivity during the hepatic occlusion period, may be considered as a "time of concern".

Conclusions

Older patients undergoing hepatectomy may show high-downwards trajectory of renal tissue RSO2, indicating a higher risk of AKI, and the lowest level was identified during the hepatic occlusion period. These findings may help to provide potential candidates for future early recognition of deterioration of kidney function and guide interventions.
PDOL-Based Solid Electrolyte Toward Practical Application: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Yang Hua , Jing Maoxiang , Wang Li , Xu Hong , Yan Xiaohong , He Xiangming
Published: February 2024

Polymer solid-state lithium batteries (SSLB) are regarded as a promising energy storage technology to meet growing demand due to their high energy density and safety. Ion conductivity, interface stability and battery assembly process are still the main challenges to hurdle the commercialization of SSLB. As the main component of SSLB, poly(1,3-dioxolane) (PDOL)-based solid polymer electrolytes polymerized in-situ are becoming a promising candidate solid electrolyte, for their high ion conductivity at room temperature, good battery electrochemical performances, and simple assembly process. This review analyzes opportunities and challenges of PDOL electrolytes toward practical application for polymer SSLB. The focuses include exploring the polymerization mechanism of DOL, the performance of PDOL composite electrolytes, and the application of PDOL. Furthermore, we provide a perspective on future research directions that need to be emphasized for commercialization of PDOL-based electrolytes in SSLB. The exploration of these schemes facilitates a comprehensive and profound understanding of PDOL-based polymer electrolyte and provides new research ideas to boost them toward practical application in solid-state batteries.
Optimal HDR exploitation siting of gravity heat pipe geothermal systems via reservoir simulation
Authors: Zhou Chunwei , Wang Yaqiong , Liu Gang , Liao Shengming
Published: February 2024

Gravity heat pipe system has previously been proven as an environmental and efficient technology in exploiting hot dry rock. However, it is unclear what geothermal reservoir siting is more favorable for the system’s heat extraction performance. Herein, we analyzed the influences of geothermal field siting (rock property and reservoir environment) on heat extraction performance of gravity heat pipe systems through a 3D thermal–hydraulic coupled model. It is found that rock properties have huge influences on heat compensation, heat extraction ratio and heat compensation ratio. Low rock density, low rock specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity could increase heat compensation, heat extraction ratio and heat compensation ratio. It is also found that geothermal reservoir environment affects the heat extraction rate seriously. High initial temperatures and low temperature gradients increase heat extraction rates. Geothermal reservoir pressure affects the heat extraction performance slightly, and low initial pressures increase heat extraction rate. The study results would provide suggestions on deep geothermal exploitation locations.
Complex network effects on the robustness of graph convolutional networks
Authors: Miller Benjamin A. , Chan Kevin , Eliassi-Rad Tina
Published: February 2024

Vertex classification using graph convolutional networks is susceptible to targeted poisoning attacks, in which both graph structure and node attributes can be changed in an attempt to misclassify a target node. This vulnerability decreases users' confidence in the learning method and can prevent adoption in high-stakes contexts. Defenses have been proposed, focused on filtering edges before creating the model or aggregating information from neighbors more robustly. This paper considers an alternative: we investigate the ability to exploit network phenomena in the training data selection process to improve classifier robustness. We propose two alternative methods of selecting training data: (1) to select the highest-degree nodes and (2) to select nodes with many connections to the test data. In four real datasets, we show that changing the training set often results in far more perturbations required for a successful attack on the graph structure; often a factor of 2 over the random training baseline. We also run a simulation study in which we demonstrate conditions under which the proposed methods outperform random selection, finding that they improve performance most when homophily is higher, clustering coefficient is higher, node degrees are more homogeneous, and attributes are less informative. In addition, we show that the methods are effective when applied to adaptive attacks, alleviating concerns about generalizability.
Discretionary policing: following religious beliefs or operational guidelines, decision-making, and citizen engagement
Authors: Miles-Johnson Toby
Published: February 2024

In an Australian context, there is little research which examines whether officers following a religion will place religious ideologies beyond professional guidelines and whether there are differences between religious and non-religious officers regarding decision-making and use of discretion. This raises questions about how religious and non-religious officers will engage with citizens whose identities may be similar to, or different from the responding officer, and, whether the citizen’s identity challenges an officer’s religious ideologies; thereby shaping police-citizen interaction. Whether religious or non-religious police officers are more likely to police equitably is an area of research that needs systematic enquiry; especially given that officers who are religious could apply discretional policing when adhering to religious beliefs or practices during decision-making, and, conversely, officers who are non-religious, could apply discretional adherence to organizational rules, regulations, and police training. As such, this preliminary, exploratory study sought to address this gap in knowledge. Analyzing data collected from a sample of officers (N = 1425) working in one Australian police organization, this study provides insight into how religious or non-religious beliefs shapes officers’ discretional decision-making, and citizen engagement.
Modified genetic algorithm to solve worker assignment problem with time windows
Authors: Gozali Alfian Akbar
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the demand for electronic products has been increasing rapidly. T mounting technology (SMT) line is one of the production areas for electronic products, directly affecting this situation. In an SMT line, multiple machines mount electronic parts to the board. The worker must complete work when the parts used in these machines are within the remaining parts available for replacement. When a worker fails to replace parts at the right time, the production line stops, and delays occur. Besides, there may be a designated worker who should be assigned to each task. In the current situation, workers’ work procedures are not optimized, so they should schedule work procedures for each worker. This problem is called Worker Assignment Problem with Time Window (WAPTW). This paper proposes a method to solve WAPTW called Genetic Algorithm with Local Restriction (GALR). GALR combines a genetic algorithm (GA) and local search with local restriction. This paper’s main contribution is introducing WAPTW as a novel real-world optimization problem in an electricity company, its mathematical formulation, and a proposed GALR to solve WAPTW. The experiment shows that the proposed method could yield the best result in real-world WAPTW compared with other methods.
Late Medieval Lodging Ranges
Authors: Kerr Sarah
Published: February 2024

This book draws on architectural and archaeological analysis to consider the form, function, use and meaning of late medieval lodging ranges.
Gunpowder Technology in the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Müller Axel E. W.
Published: February 2024

The first full edition and English translation of the Royal Armouries I.34 Firework Book.
Pandemics and Paradigms of Governance: Futures of the Rule of Law in the 21st Century
Authors: Swiffen Amy , Nichols Joshua
Published: February 2024

Is the COVID-19 pandemic truly a pivotal moment in contemporary governance? This question has sparked multifaceted responses and spurred diverse debates and perspectives. On one side of the spectrum, there are those who ardently argue that this pandemic represents an exceedingly rare and profoundly impactful historical juncture, specifically within the domain of law and governance. In contrast, a counterpoint in this debate contends that the pandemic, rather than introducing an entirely new era, has primarily functioned as an amplifier and extension of pre-existing governing paradigms. Additionally, there is a notable contention that the pandemic has invigorated and revitalized social movements with a central focus on challenging established state structures.
The Anarchist and the Technocrat: Herbert Read, C. P. Snow, and the Future of Britain
Authors: Adams Matthew S.
Published: February 2024

A conceptual revision occurred at the heart of anarchist theory between the end of the nineteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries. As anarchist thinkers grappled with a state transformed beyond recognition by technological change, they reassessed their critique of state power and the rhetorical methods used to expose its inherent violence. Where nineteenth-century anarchists favored organic metaphors to emphasize the monstrosity of the state, twentieth-century anarchists tended to adopt a set of mechanical metaphors. This change focused attention on the idea of technocracy, and informed a more comprehensive assessment of the state's activities. This article analyses this innovation in anarchist political thought, before tracing it through to Herbert Read's critical appraisal of C. P. Snow's influential lecture “The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution,” and Snow's response to Read. Their debate, in which Read challenged Snow's argument that the pursuit of technological and political modernization was essential to maintain the nation's international role and address the social and economic challenges of the mid-century, was a contest for Britain's future. Drawing on his anarchism, Read saw such ideas as an existential threat, with the unthinking promotion of a technological “revolution” imperiling “the tender shoots of all that is human.” Contextualizing Read in his anarchist intellectual milieu, this article recovers a neglected voice in British intellectual and cultural history, the complexities of an overlooked political tradition, and a radical vision of Britain's future that questioned the dominant assumptions of the age.
Robust relation of streamwise velocity autocorrelation in atmospheric surface layers based on an autoregressive moving average model
Authors: Zhang Fei-Chi , Xie Jin-Han , Chen Song Xi , Zheng Xiaojing
Published: February 2024

We construct an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model consisting of the history and random effects for the streamwise velocity fluctuation in boundary-layer turbulence. The distance to the wall and the boundary-layer thickness determine the time step and the order of the ARMA model, respectively. Based on the autocorrelation's analytical expression of the ARMA model, we obtain a global analytical expression for the second-order structure function, which asymptotically captures the inertial, dynamic and large-scale ranges. Specifically, the exponential autocorrelation of the ARMA model arises from the autoregressive coefficients and is modified to logarithmic behaviour by the moving-average coefficients. The asymptotic expressions enable us to determine model coefficients by existing parameters, such as the Kolmogorov and the Townsend–Perry constants. A consequent double-log expression for the characteristic length scale is derived and is justified by direct numerical simulation data with

$Re_\tau \approx 5200$

and field-measured neutral atmospheric surface layer data with

$Re_\tau \sim O(10^6)$

from the Qingtu Lake Observation Array site. This relation is robust because it applies to

$Re_\tau$

from

$O(10^4)$

to

$O(10^6)$

, and even when the statistics of natural ASL deviate from those of canonical boundary-layer turbulence, e.g. in the case of imbalance in energy production and dissipation, and when the Townsend–Perry constant deviates from traditional values.
Linking enterprise information systems success to female employees’ work–family enrichment in China
Authors: Deng Wenhao , Yang Tianan , Ju Xuemei , Deng Jianwei
Published: February 2024

The spread and application of enterprise information systems (EISs) has provided scholars and managers with a new perspective to enhance the work–family enrichment. Based on the work–family enrichment theory, this research aims to examine the ability of female employees to enhance their work–family enrichment by applying the resources accumulated through the use of EISs by combining the technology acceptance model with the DeLone & McLean Information Systems Success Model. The findings based on a survey of 823 full-time female employees in China indicated that the information systems quality factors (including information quality, system quality, and service quality) were positively associated with female employees’ work–family enrichment. In addition, the chained mediating effect of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness was examined. The results can help female employees to perform positively in both work and family spheres and provide positive support for the promotion of the social fertility policies.
Deictic shift in the production of direct and indirect speech
Authors: Li Jianan , Dijkstra Katinka , Zwaan Rolf A.
Published: February 2024

We investigated how deictic shifts and memory representation influence production difficulties in reported speech. In Experiment 1, participants read short stories, including a conversation between two protagonists. Participants then recalled the last sentence from the conversation in either direct or indirect speech. When participants had verbatim memory of the to-be-reported utterance, direct speech production was faster than indirect speech if indirect speech production required a deictic shift. If participants had verbatim memory and indirect speech production did not require a deictic shift, direct and indirect speech’s speech latencies were similar. In Experiment 2, we investigated the production difficulties of reported speech when verbatim memory was unavailable to participants. First, participants read short stories. Next, half of the participants completed an intervening task, whereas the other half did not. Last, participants undertook a sentence completion task by filling in a missing word in direct or indirect speech. When participants did not have verbatim memory of to-be-reported utterances, direct speech production was faster than indirect speech if a deictic shift was needed to produce direct speech. These results suggest that production difficulties in reported speech depend on how to-be-reported utterances are represented in memory and whether deictic shifts are required.
Transverse magnetic field effects on the high-voltage pulsed discharge plasma in helium
Authors: Chen C. , Rabadanov K. M. , Ashurbekov N. A. , Yuan C. , Shakhrudinov A. M.
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the effect of a transverse magnetic field on high-voltage pulsed discharge in helium at a pressure of 30 Torr. A simple two-dimensional fluid model that describes the high-voltage pulsed discharge in helium in a transverse weak magnetic field (B = 0.4 T) is presented, which uses an empirical relation to account for the magnetic field. The results of using the empirical relation for the effective field agree well with the experimental results. The dynamics of discharge development in the presence of the magnetic field is also investigated. The magnetic field does not significantly affect the gas-discharge development dynamics in helium at a pressure of 30 Torr.
Alteration in physio-chemical properties and gene expression pattern of snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica) genotypes against drought stress
Authors: Ansari Waquar Akhter , Krishna Ram , Yadav Punam Singh , Chaubey Tribhuvan , Behera Tusar Kanti , Bhat Kangila Venkataraman , Pandey Sudhakar
Published: February 2024

Lack of water at limiting levels results in drought stress, which may have an impact on the various stages of a crop's life cycle. Four different genotypes of snapmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. momordica) responded differently to 0, 7 and 21 d of simulated drought stress. Information was collected on a range of morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. Each genotype had longer roots, though BAM-VR-312 had the longest roots overall. As the severity of the drought grew, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) dropped. In BAM-VR-312, a smaller decline in relative water content (RWC) was recorded, despite the fact that drought stress caused a significant fall in RWC. BAM-VR-312 had smaller accumulations of electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, phenol and malondialdehyde, although proline content was greater. A decrease in photosynthetic pigments was noted, though BAM-VR-312 had the least reduction. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased in BAM-VR-312, as evidenced by records of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase. Similarly, expression level of their respective genes was recorded highest in BAM-VR-312. Overall, the study clearly identified distinct genotype based on morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular properties under drought stress and revealed that the genotype BAM-VR-312 had more efficient drought tolerance mechanisms than the other genotypes under the drought stress condition.
How American Am I?
Authors: Ferguson Jauhara
Published: February 2024

Much sociological attention has focused on Black identity within the United States. Less attention, however, has been given to understanding how immigrant and native-born streams of U.S. Black Muslims articulate American identity. In this study I ask: how do second-generation Black American Muslims and indigenous Black American Muslims compare in the ways they narrate connections among race, American identity, and Islam? Using data from thirty-one in-depth interviews with Black Muslims living in Houston, TX, I find that racial double-consciousness complicates American identity for respondents. While indigenous Black American respondents critique racist U.S. histories and structural inequities, I argue that in certain spaces Muslim identity reinforces American identity. For second-generation respondents, however, American identity is reinforced through embracing immigrant status. This study extends Du Boisian double-consciousness by making a case for “layered double-consciousness.” I argue that layered double-consciousness better explains how Black Muslims perceive their racial, religious, and national identities across macro levels within the context of the United States and meso levels within the Muslim American community.
Diagnostik psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Döpfner Manfred , Görtz-Dorten Anja , Petermann Franz
Published: February 2024

Die Neubearbeitung des Bandes liefert anhand von Leitlinien, Materialien und der Beschreibung wichtiger Erhebungsverfahren eine praxisorientierte Einführung in die Grundlagen der Diagnostik psychischer Störungen und Auffälligkeiten im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Ausführlich wird insbesondere auf die Exploration von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie von deren Bezugspersonen eingegangen.
Die Leitlinien beziehen sich sowohl auf die Diagnostik psychischer Auffälligkeiten und Kompetenzen von Kindern und Jugendlichen als auch auf die systematische Erfassung der kognitiven, motorischen und sprachlichen Fähigkeiten und Defizite. Zudem werden auch die begleitenden familiären und psychosozialen Bedingungen berücksichtigt. Weitere Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit der Integration der diagnostischen Ergebnisse, der Bedingungsanalyse und der Vereinbarung von Therapiezielen. Die Neubearbeitung des Bandes stellt aktuelle Verfahren zur Verhaltens-, Entwicklungs-, Intelligenz- und Leistungsdiagnostik vor. Zahlreiche Materialien erleichtern die Umsetzung der Leitlinien in die klinische Praxis
Formation and Dynamics of a Coherent Coastal Freshwater Influenced System
Authors: Barton Benjamin I. , De Dominicis Michela , O’Hara Murray Rory , Wolf Judith , Gallego Alejandro
Published: February 2024

On the Northwest European Shelf rivers provide freshwater to the coastal seas. This coastal freshwater can be misrepresented in ocean models without effective coastal resolution. This leaves an unanswered question; is freshwater retained around Scotland and what affects its variability? Here, we deploy and run an unstructured model with enhanced coastal resolution to simulate the Northwest European Shelf from 1993 to 2019, the Scottish Shelf Water‐Reanalysis Service (SSW‐RS) long‐time run. The unstructured nature of the model grid means it more accurately captures a “bubble” of Coastal Water than a 7 km structured grid model (the Atlantic Margin Model 7 km). Surface salinity in the SSW‐RS shows salinity fronts within 80 km of the coast around west and north Scotland that disintegrates east of Orkney. There are periods characterized by high coastal salinity when freshwater is more actively advected away from the coast. Empirical orthogonal function statistical analysis shows the first two modes in surface salinity account for 66% of the variance. The first mode correlates with North Atlantic Oscillation and the salinity driven velocity variability which change the salinity through advection and diffusion. The second mode correlates with Ekman transport variability where the north of Scotland acts as a wedge causing bipolar dynamics either side. Freshwater is trapped in the west, while saline water from the north reduces the freshwater pathway to the North Sea. This is important for salinity distribution, stratification in the North Sea, marine habitats and frontal transport.
How Strong/Weak Is Epidote Relative to Plagioclase?
Authors: Incel Sarah , Mohrbach Lisa Katharina , Renner Jörg
Published: February 2024

In natural lower crustal rocks, we observe that plagioclase breakdown is often partial as evidenced by the presence of epidote‐group minerals and the absence of the remaining reaction products for example, kyanite and quartz. Due to the lack of experimental data on epidote deformation, it is unclear if this partial reaction would affect the strength of the plagioclase‐rich lower continental crust. We experimentally investigated the relative strength of pure epidote and pure plagioclase aggregates at a confining pressure of 1 GPa, two different temperatures (550 and 650°C) and two different strain rates (5 × 10−5 and 5 × 10−6 s−1) using a Griggs apparatus. Furthermore, we investigated potential strength differences due to differences in grain size by deforming aggregates with grain‐size ranges of either ≈90–135 μm or <25 μm. Under identical conditions, epidote aggregates are either as strong as their plagioclase counterparts or moderately stronger, suggesting that the partial replacement of plagioclase by epidote‐group minerals would not have a permanent weakening effect on the strength of the lower continental crust.