bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Changes in and Forces Driving Ozone Concentration in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing–Jin–Ji) Region from 2015 to 2022
Authors: Xiong Guang-Sen , Liu Xue-Zheng , Li Yong , Ren Yi-Zhuo , Tang Quan-Zhong , Tang Xi-Wang
Published: March 2024

This study aims to explore the factors affecting variation in ozone concentration, using ozone concentration monitoring data from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing–Jin–Ji) region from 2015 to 2022. The characteristics of the spatial and temporal variation in ozone concentration, as well as the impact of meteorological and land-use types on this variation, were investigated. Seasonally, ozone concentrations in the Jing–Jin–Ji region were highest in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and were lowest in winter. Spatially, a characteristic trend of lower concentrations in urban centers and higher concentrations in suburban areas was found. From the results of correlation analysis and a stepwise regression model, temperature and solar radiation were found to be the primary factors affecting seasonal variations in ozone concentration, explaining 67.9% of the variance. Additionally, the results of geographically weighted regression models confirmed the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of temperature and solar radiation on ozone concentration. In urban centers, such as Beijing and Tianjin, temperature and solar radiation more strongly influenced ozone concentration. To determine the factors driving this spatial heterogeneity, a geodetector was employed to analyze the impact of various geographical factors on the spatial distribution of ozone concentration. In winter, the impact of various factors of urbanization, such as lighting index, population density, and construction land, as well as air quality factors (PM2.5 and NO2), on ozone concentration was stronger, with q values greater than 0.2. However, in autumn, the influence of these factors on ozone concentration weakened. Furthermore, the results of the two-factor interaction detection analysis showed that the q values for the interaction between urban and air quality factors ranged between 0.40 and 0.47, which were substantially higher than those for other interactions. This further confirmed the strong influence of urban activities on ozone concentration.
Optimized Decellularization of a Porcine Fasciocutaneaous Flap
Authors: Lupon Elise , Acun Aylin , Taveau Corentin B. , Oganesyan Ruben , Lancia Hyshem H. , Andrews Alec R. , Randolph Mark A. , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Uygun Basak E.
Published: March 2024

Reconstructive techniques to repair severe tissue defects include the use of autologous fasciocutaneous flaps, which may be limited due to donor site availability or lead to complications such as donor site morbidity. A number of synthetic or natural dermal substitutes are in use clinically, but none have the architectural complexity needed to reconstruct deep tissue defects. The perfusion decellularization of fasciocutaneous flaps is an emerging technique that yields a scaffold with the necessary composition and vascular microarchitecture and serves as an alternative to autologous flaps. In this study, we show the perfusion decellularization of porcine fasciocutaneous flaps using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at three different concentrations, and identify that 0.2% SDS results in a decellularized flap that is efficiently cleared of its cellular material at 86%, has maintained its collagen and glycosaminoglycan content, and preserved its microvasculature architecture. We further demonstrate that the decellularized graft has the porous structure and growth factors that would facilitate repopulation with cells. Finally, we show the biocompatibility of the decellularized flap using human dermal fibroblasts, with cells migrating as deep as 150 µm into the tissue over a 7-day culture period. Overall, our results demonstrate the promise of decellularized porcine flaps as an interesting alternative for reconstructing complex soft tissue defects, circumventing the limitations of autologous skin flaps.
AutoEpiCollect, a Novel Machine Learning-Based GUI Software for Vaccine Design: Application to Pan-Cancer Vaccine Design Targeting PIK3CA Neoantigens
Authors: Samudrala Madhav , Dhaveji Sindhusri , Savsani Kush , Dakshanamurthy Sivanesan
Published: March 2024

Previous epitope-based cancer vaccines have focused on analyzing a limited number of mutated epitopes and clinical variables preliminarily to experimental trials. As a result, relatively few positive clinical outcomes have been observed in epitope-based cancer vaccines. Further efforts are required to diversify the selection of mutated epitopes tailored to cancers with different genetic signatures. To address this, we developed the first version of AutoEpiCollect, a user-friendly GUI software, capable of generating safe and immunogenic epitopes from missense mutations in any oncogene of interest. This software incorporates a novel, machine learning-driven epitope ranking method, leveraging a probabilistic logistic regression model that is trained on experimental T-cell assay data. Users can freely download AutoEpiCollectGUI with its user guide for installing and running the software on GitHub. We used AutoEpiCollect to design a pan-cancer vaccine targeting missense mutations found in the proto-oncogene PIK3CA, which encodes the p110ɑ catalytic subunit of the PI3K kinase protein. We selected PIK3CA as our gene target due to its widespread prevalence as an oncokinase across various cancer types and its lack of presence as a gene target in clinical trials. After entering 49 distinct point mutations into AutoEpiCollect, we acquired 361 MHC Class I epitope/HLA pairs and 219 MHC Class II epitope/HLA pairs. From the 49 input point mutations, we identified MHC Class I epitopes targeting 34 of these mutations and MHC Class II epitopes targeting 11 mutations. Furthermore, to assess the potential impact of our pan-cancer vaccine, we employed PCOptim and PCOptim-CD to streamline our epitope list and attain optimized vaccine population coverage. We achieved a world population coverage of 98.09% for MHC Class I data and 81.81% for MHC Class II data. We used three of our predicted immunogenic epitopes to further construct 3D models of peptide-HLA and peptide-HLA-TCR complexes to analyze the epitope binding potential and TCR interactions. Future studies could aim to validate AutoEpiCollect’s vaccine design in murine models affected by PIK3CA-mutated or other mutated tumor cells located in various tissue types. AutoEpiCollect streamlines the preclinical vaccine development process, saving time for thorough testing of vaccinations in experimental trials.
PRMT5 Mediated HIF1α Signaling and Ras-Related Nuclear Protein as Promising Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Abumustafa Wafaa , Castven Darko , Sharif-Askari Fatemeh Saheb , Abi Zamer Batoul , Hamad Mawieh , Marquardt Jens-Uwe , Muhammad Jibran Sualeh
Published: March 2024

Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for various cancer types. However, its role in regulating the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) transcriptome remains poorly understood. In this study, publicly available databases were employed to investigate PRMT5 expression, its correlation with overall survival, targeted pathways, and genes of interest in HCC. Additionally, we utilized in-house generated NGS data to explore PRMT5 expression in dysplastic nodules compared to hepatocellular carcinoma. Our findings revealed that PRMT5 is significantly overexpressed in HCC compared to normal liver, and elevated expression correlates with poor overall survival. To gain insights into the mechanism driving PRMT5 overexpression in HCC, we analyzed promoter CpG islands and methylation status in HCC compared to normal tissues. Pathway analysis of PRMT5 knockdown in the HCC cells revealed a connection between PRMT5 expression and genes related to the HIF1α pathway. Additionally, by filtering PRMT5-correlated genes within the HIF1α pathway and selecting up/downregulated genes in HCC patients, we identified Ras-related nuclear protein (RAN) as a target associated with overall survival. For the first time, we report that PRMT5 is implicated in the regulation of HIF1A and RAN genes, suggesting the potential prognostic utility of PRMT5 in HCC.
A Preliminary Study on Quantitative Analysis of Collagen and Apoptosis Related Protein on 1064 nm Laser-Induced Skin Injury
Authors: Ma Qiong , Fan Yingwei , Cui Yufang , Luo Zhenkun , Kang Hongxiang
Published: March 2024

To investigate the associated factors concerning collagen and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in porcine skin injuries induced by laser exposure, live pig skin was irradiated at multiple spots one time, using a grid-array method with a 1064 nm laser at different power outputs. The healing process of the laser-treated areas, alterations in collagen structure, and changes in apoptosis were continuously observed and analyzed from 6 h to 28 days post-irradiation. On the 28th day following exposure, wound contraction and recovery were notably sluggish in the medium-high dose group, displaying more premature and delicate type III collagen within the newly regenerated tissues. The collagen density in these groups was roughly 37–58% of that in the normal group. Between days 14 and 28 after irradiation, there was a substantial rise in apoptotic cell count in the forming epidermis and granulation tissue of the medium-high dose group, in contrast to the normal group. Notably, the expression of proapoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 surged significantly 14 days after irradiation in the medium-high dose group and persisted at elevated levels on the 28th day. During the later stage of wound healing, augmented apoptotic cell population and insufficient collagen generation in the newly generated skin tissue of the medium-high dose group were closely associated with delayed wound recovery.
Unmasking the Mechanism behind Miltefosine: Revealing the Disruption of Intracellular Ca2+ Homeostasis as a Rational Therapeutic Target in Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease
Authors: Benaim Gustavo , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto
Published: March 2024

Originally developed as a chemotherapeutic agent, miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) is an inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine synthesis with proven antiparasitic effects. It is the only oral drug approved for the treatment of Leishmaniasis and American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). Although its precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood, miltefosine exhibits broad-spectrum anti-parasitic effects primarily by disrupting the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis of the parasites while sparing the human hosts. In addition to its inhibitory effects on phosphatidylcholine synthesis and cytochrome c oxidase, miltefosine has been found to affect the unique giant mitochondria and the acidocalcisomes of parasites. Both of these crucial organelles are involved in Ca2+ regulation. Furthermore, miltefosine has the ability to activate a specific parasite Ca2+ channel that responds to sphingosine, which is different to its L-type VGCC human ortholog. Here, we aimed to provide an overview of recent advancements of the anti-parasitic mechanisms of miltefosine. We also explored its multiple molecular targets and investigated how its pleiotropic effects translate into a rational therapeutic approach for patients afflicted by Leishmaniasis and American Trypanosomiasis. Notably, miltefosine’s therapeutic effect extends beyond its impact on the parasite to also positively affect the host’s immune system. These findings enhance our understanding on its multi-targeted mechanism of action. Overall, this review sheds light on the intricate molecular actions of miltefosine, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic option against these debilitating parasitic diseases.
Diagnosis of Glaucoma Based on Few-Shot Learning with Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Yang Kyoung Ok , Lee Jung Min , Shin Younji , Yoon In Young , Choi Jun Won , Lee Won June
Published: March 2024

This study evaluated the utility of incorporating deep learning into the relatively novel imaging technique of wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) for glaucoma diagnosis. To overcome the challenge of limited data associated with this emerging imaging, the application of few-shot learning (FSL) was explored, and the advantages observed during its implementation were examined. A total of 195 eyes, comprising 82 normal controls and 113 patients with glaucoma, were examined in this study. The system was trained using FSL instead of traditional supervised learning. Model training can be presented in two distinct ways. Glaucoma feature detection was performed using ResNet18 as a feature extractor. To implement FSL, the ProtoNet algorithm was utilized to perform task-independent classification. Using this trained model, the performance of WF-OCTA through the FSL technique was evaluated. We trained the WF-OCTA validation method with 10 normal and 10 glaucoma images and subsequently examined the glaucoma detection effectiveness. FSL using the WF-OCTA image achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.912–0.954) and an accuracy of 81%. In contrast, supervised learning using WF-OCTA images produced worse results than FSL, with an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.778–0.823) and an accuracy of 50% (p-values < 0.05). Furthermore, the FSL method using WF-OCTA images demonstrated improvement over the conventional OCT parameter-based results (all p-values < 0.05). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of applying deep learning to WF-OCTA for glaucoma diagnosis, highlighting the potential of WF-OCTA images in glaucoma diagnostics. Additionally, it showed that FSL could overcome the limitations associated with a small dataset and is expected to be applicable in various clinical settings.
Genetic Ablation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isoform 4 Gene Enhances Recovery from Hyperoxic Lung Injury: Insights into Antioxidant and Inflammatory Mechanisms
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Kato Akie , Adachi Hiroyuki , Noguchi Atsuko , Arai Hirokazu , Ito Masato , Namba Fumihiko , Takahashi Tsutomu
Published: March 2024

Background: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The objective of this study was to examine whether the genetic depletion of the PDK4 gene attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal mice. Methods: Neonatal PDK4−/− mice and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to oxygen concentrations of 21% (normoxia) and 95% (hyperoxia) for the first 4 days of life. Pulmonary histological assessments were performed, and the mRNA levels of lung PDK4, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue were quantified. Results: Following convalescence from neonatal hyperoxia, PDK4−/− mice exhibited improved lung alveolarization. Notably, PDK4−/− mice displayed significantly elevated MCP-1 protein levels in pulmonary tissues following 4 days of hyperoxic exposure, whereas WT mice showed increased IL-6 protein levels under similar conditions. Furthermore, neonatal PDK4−/− mice subjected to hyperoxia demonstrated markedly higher MCP-1 mRNA expression at 4 days of age compared to WT mice, while IL-6 mRNA expression remained unaffected in PDK4−/− mice. Conclusions: Newborn PDK4−/− mice exhibited notable recovery from hyperoxia-induced lung injury, suggesting the potential protective role of PDK4 depletion in mitigating lung damage.
Exploring the Link between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Head and Neck Cancer: Understanding the Impact of Smoking as a Cancer-Predisposing Factor
Authors: Nuszkiewicz Jarosław , Wróblewska Joanna , Budek Marlena , Czuczejko Jolanta , Woźniak Alina , Maruszak-Parda Marta , Szewczyk-Golec Karolina
Published: March 2024

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with significant morbidity globally, with smoking recognized as a key risk factor. This study investigates the interplay between smoking and inflammatory biomarkers in HNC development. The study involved 50 HNC patients, divided into smoking and non-smoking groups, and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. Serum levels of 48 cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other inflammatory markers were meticulously assessed. Significant differences in the levels of an extensive panel of inflammatory markers were observed between the patient groups and healthy controls. Elevated macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in both HNC groups implicated increased activity in pathways known for immunomodulation, proliferation, and angiogenesis during HNC cancerogenesis. In contrast, non-smokers with HNC demonstrated higher levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 15 (IL-15), suggesting a more robust immune response. Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) levels were particularly high in smokers with HNC. Smoking seems to alter the levels of crucial biomarkers in HNC, potentially affecting disease progression and responses to treatment. The data indicate that smokers may experience a more aggressive cancer phenotype, while non-smokers maintain a profile suggestive of a more active and effective immune response against HNC.
Critical Issues on the Surface Functionalization of Plasmonic Au-Ag/TiO2 Thin Films with Thiolated Oligonucleotide-Based Biorecognition Elements
Authors: Costa Diogo , Pereira-Silva Patrícia , Sousa Paulo , Pinto Vânia , Borges Joel , Vaz Filipe , Minas Graça , Sampaio Paula
Published: March 2024

This work reports on the surface functionalization of a nanomaterial supporting localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) with (synthetic) thiolated oligonucleotide-based biorecognition elements, envisaging the development of selective LSPR-based DNA biosensors. The LSPR thin-film transducers are composed of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a TiO2 dielectric matrix, produced cost-effectively and sustainably by magnetron sputtering. The study focused on the immobilization kinetics of thiolated oligonucleotide probes as biorecognition elements, followed by the evaluation of hybridization events with the target probe. The interaction between the thiolated oligonucleotide probe and the transducer’s surface was assessed by monitoring the LSPR signal with successive additions of probe solution through a microfluidic device. The device was specifically designed and fabricated for this work and adapted to a high-resolution LSPR spectroscopy system with portable characteristics. Benefiting from the synergetic characteristics of Ag and Au in the form of bimetallic nanoparticles, the Au-Ag/TiO2 thin film proved to be more sensitive to thiolated oligonucleotide binding events. Despite the successful surface functionalization with the biorecognition element, the detection of complementary oligonucleotides revealed electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, which hindered hybridization with the target oligonucleotide. This study points to an effect that is still poorly described in the literature and affects the design of LSPR biosensors based on nanoplasmonic thin films.
Exploring the Prospects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) as a Therapeutic Intervention for Post-Stroke Motor Recovery: A Narrative Review
Authors: Meng Hao , Houston Michael , Zhang Yingchun , Li Sheng
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Stroke survivors often have motor impairments and related functional deficits. Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) is a rapidly evolving field that offers a wide range of capabilities for modulating brain function, and it is safe and inexpensive. It has the potential for widespread use for post-stroke motor recovery. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS), and Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are three recognized tES techniques that have gained substantial attention in recent years but have different mechanisms of action. tDCS has been widely used in stroke motor rehabilitation, while applications of tACS and tRNS are very limited. The tDCS protocols could vary significantly, and outcomes are heterogeneous. Purpose: the current review attempted to explore the mechanisms underlying commonly employed tES techniques and evaluate their prospective advantages and challenges for their applications in motor recovery after stroke. Conclusion: tDCS could depolarize and hyperpolarize the potentials of cortical motor neurons, while tACS and tRNS could target specific brain rhythms and entrain neural networks. Despite the extensive use of tDCS, the complexity of neural networks calls for more sophisticated modifications like tACS and tRNS.
Sex Differences in Sexual Motivation in Humans and Other Mammals: The Role of Conscious and Unconscious Processes
Authors: Touraille Priscille , Ågmo Anders
Published: March 2024

In self-report questionnaires, men report higher scores than women on variables such as desire for sex, frequency of sexual thoughts, number of sex partners, etc. Based on this, men are considered to have a higher level of sexual motivation than women. However, retrospective self-reports may be unsuitable for estimations of the inherent level of sexual motivation. We review data on automatic (unconsciously controlled) responses and measures of implicit motivation during exposure to sexual stimuli. These responses and measures are inaccessible to willful manipulations and make it possible to determine whether the sex difference in answers to questionnaires is replicated when volitional response manipulations are unlikely. We complement the human data with observations from some rodent and non-human primate species. The attentional resources allotted to stimuli with sexual relevance as well as genital responses to such stimuli are similar in men and women. Measures of implicit motivation also fail to detect any sex difference. Finally, the frequency of masturbation is superior in female infants before the age at which social expectations begin to determine behavior. Neither in rodents nor in non-human primates is there any clear-cut evidence for sex differences in motivation. It seems that males and females are similar with regard to the intensity of sexual motivation. The responses to questionnaires may be affected by social learning of sexual scripts and/or the inferior quality of sexual experiences in women, among other things.
The Influence of Affective Empathy on Online News Belief: The Moderated Mediation of State Empathy and News Type
Authors: Yu Yifan , Yan Shizhen , Zhang Qihan , Xu Zhenzhen , Zhou Guangfang , Jin Hua
Published: March 2024

The belief in online news has become a topical issue. Previous studies demonstrated the role emotion plays in fake news vulnerability. However, few studies have explored the effect of empathy on online news belief. This study investigated the relationship between trait empathy, state empathy, belief in online news, and the potential moderating effect of news type. One hundred and forty undergraduates evaluated 50 online news pieces (25 real, 25 fake) regarding their belief, state empathy, valence, arousal, and familiarity. Trait empathy data were collected using the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. State empathy was positively correlated with affective empathy in trait empathy and believability, and affective empathy was positively correlated with believability. The influence of affective empathy on news belief was partially mediated by state empathy and regulated by news type (fake, real). We discuss the influence of empathy on online news belief and its internal processes. This study shares some unique insights for researchers, practitioners, social media users, and social media platform providers.
The Chain Mediating Role of Teachers’ Job Stress in the Influence of Distributed School Leadership on Job Satisfaction: Evidence from China, the United States, England, and Australia
Authors: Li Jian , Xue Eryong , Liu Yuxuan
Published: March 2024

Distributed leadership has been shown to improve teacher job satisfaction and reduce teacher job stress. However, few studies have thoroughly explored the indirect effects of distributed leadership on increasing the teachers’ burden in school administration and management, thereby increasing work stress, and decreasing job satisfaction. Data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey were analyzed to investigate the relationships among distributed school leadership, teachers’ job stress, and job satisfaction. A total of 3976 teachers from 198 junior high schools in Shanghai, 2560 teachers from 166 junior high schools in the United States, 2376 teachers from 157 junior high schools in England, and 3573 teachers from 238 junior high schools in Australia were selected and examined using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that distributed school leadership directly predicted teachers’ job satisfaction; teachers’ job stress had an independent mediating effect on distributed leadership and teachers’ job satisfaction, whereas teachers’ time spent participating in school leadership had no mediating effect. We discuss the benefits of distributed school leadership on teachers’ job satisfaction and the possible mechanisms for promoting it in practice.
Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 with Bone Mineral Density in Survivors of Childhood Acute Leukemia
Authors: Kim Seulki , Yoo Jae Won , Lee Jae Wook , Jung Min Ho , Cho Bin , Suh Byng-Kyu , Ahn Moon Bae , Chung Nack-Gyun
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigated bone mineral deficits in children who survived childhood acute leukemia and explored the association between the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level and bone mineral density (BMD). This retrospective analysis enrolled 214 patients treated for acute leukemia, measuring various factors including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and lumbar spine BMD after the end of treatment. The study found an overall prevalence of low BMD in 15% of participants. Notably, IGF-1 levels were significantly different between patients with low BMD and those with normal BMD, and correlation analyses revealed associations of the IGF-1 level and BMI with lumbar spine BMD. Regression analyses further supported this relationship, suggesting that higher IGF-1 levels were associated with a decreased risk of low BMD. The study findings suggest that IGF-1 may serve as a valuable tool for evaluating and predicting osteoporosis in survivors of childhood acute leukemia.
Salvage Androgen Deprivation Therapy as Potential Treatment for Recurrence after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Kano Hiroshi , Kadono Yoshifumi , Naito Renato , Makino Tomoyuki , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Shohei , Nohara Takahiro , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Background: The efficacy of intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for biochemical recurrence (BCR) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is unknown, and its usefulness in Japanese practice needs to be investigated. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 85 patients who underwent RARP and were selected for intermittent ADT for postoperative recurrence at Kanazawa University Hospital between 2009 and 2019. Intermittent ADT was administered for 2 years. If prostate-specific antigen levels increased post-treatment, intermittent ADT was reinitiated. The median follow-up period was 47 months. Results: The 73 patients had completed the initial course of ADT, and 12 were under initial ADT. The 5-year castration-resistant prostate-cancer-free survival rates, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were 92.7%, 98.3%, and 94.7%, respectively. A subgroup analysis of 69 patients who completed intermittent ADT was conducted to evaluate the BCR rate following initial ADT. The 5-year BCR-free survival rate was 53.2%. Multivariate analysis identified testosterone ≤ 0.03 ng/mL during ADT as the sole predictor of BCR after ADT. Conclusions: Salvage intermittent ADT may be an effective treatment option for BCR after RARP. In addition, it would be useful to confirm strong testosterone suppression as a criterion for transition to intermittent therapy.
Prognostic Importance of Axillary Lymph Node Response to Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy on Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer—A Single Center Experience
Authors: Grašič Kuhar Cvetka , Geiger James , Schwab Fabienne Dominique , Heinzelmann-Schwartz Viola , Vetter Marcus , Weber Walter Paul , Kurzeder Christian
Published: March 2024

Neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) is the standard treatment for HER2+, triple-negative (TN), and highly proliferative luminal HER2− early breast cancer. Pathologic complete response (pCR) after NST is associated with improved outcomes. We evaluated the predictive factors for axillary-pCR (AXpCR) and its impact on the extent of axillary node surgery. This retrospective study included 92 patients (median age of 50.4 years) with an initially node-positive disease. Patients were treated with molecular subtype-specific NST (4.3% were luminal A-like, 28.3% luminal HER2−, 26.1% luminal HER2+, 18.5% HER2+ non-luminal, and 22.8% TN). Axillary-, breast- and total-pCR were achieved in 52.2%, 48.9%, and 38% of patients, respectively. In a binary logistic regression model for the whole population, the only independent factor significantly associated with AXpCR was breast-pCR (OR 7.4; 95% CI 2.6–20.9; p < 0.001). In patients who achieved breast-pCR, aggressive subtypes (HER2+ and TN; OR 11.24) and clinical tumor stage (OR 0.10) had a significant impact on achieving AXpCR. Axillary lymph node dissection was avoided in 53.3% of patients. In conclusion, in node-positive patients with HER2+ and TN subtypes, who achieved breast-pCR after NST, de-escalation of axillary surgery could be considered in most cases.
Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia: Clinical Features, Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Ullah Fauzia , Markouli Mariam , Orland Mark , Ogbue Olisaemeka , Dima Danai , Omar Najiullah , Mustafa Ali Moaath K.
Published: March 2024

Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by persistent clonal expansion of mature T- or natural killer cells in the blood via chronic antigenic stimulation. LGL leukemia is associated with specific immunophenotypic and molecular features, particularly STAT3 and STAT5 mutations and activation of the JAK-STAT3, Fas/Fas-L and NF-κB signaling pathways. Disease-related deaths are mainly due to recurrent infections linked to severe neutropenia. The current treatment is based on immunosuppressive therapies, which frequently produce unsatisfactory long-term responses, and for this reason, personalized approaches and targeted therapies are needed. Here, we discuss molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation, associated autoimmune disorders, and the available treatment options, including emerging therapies.
Effect of Copper Particle Size on the Surface Structure and Catalytic Activity of Cu–CeO2 Nanocomposites Prepared by Mechanochemical Synthesis in the Preferential CO Oxidation in a H2-Rich Stream (CO-PROX)
Authors: Zhigalina Olga M. , Morozova Olga S. , Khmelenin Dmitry N. , Firsova Alla A. , Silchenkova Olga V. , Vorobieva Galina A. , Bukhtiyarov Andrey V. , Cherkovskiy Evgeny N. , Basu Victoria G.
Published: March 2024

An effect of Cu powder dispersion and morphology on the surface structure and the physical–chemical and catalytic properties of Cu–CeO2 catalysts prepared by mechanochemical synthesis was studied in the preferential CO oxidation in a H2-rich stream (CO-PROX). Two catalysts, produced by 30 min ball-milling from CeO2 and 8 mass% of copper powders and with particle sizes of several tens (dendrite-like Cu) and 50–200 nm (spherical Cu obtained with levitation-jet method), respectively, were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy methods, a temperature-programmed reduction with CO and H2, and with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The catalyst synthesized from the “large-scale” dendrite-like Cu powder, whose surface consisted of CuxO (Cu+) agglomerates located directly on the surface of facetted CeO2 crystals with a CeO2(111) and CeO2(100) crystal planes exposition, was approximately two times less active at 120–160 °C than the catalyst synthesized from the fine Cu powder, whose surface consisted of CuxO (Cu2+) clusters of 4–6 nm in size located on the steps of facetted CeO2 nanocrystals. Although a large part of CO2 reacted with a ceria surface to give carbonate-like species, no blockage of CO-activating centers was observed due to the surface architecture. The surface structure formed by the use of highly dispersed Cu powder is found to be a key factor responsible for the catalytic activity.
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to Pentanediol over Pt Supported on MgO
Authors: Yang Yuhao , Liu Qiaoyun , Liu Zhongyi
Published: March 2024

The catalytic conversion of naturally rich and renewable biomass into high-value chemicals is of great significance for pursuing a sustainable future and a green economy. The preparation of pentanediol from furfuryl alcohol is an important means of high-value conversion of biomass. The Pt-based catalyst supported on MgO was applied to the selective hydrogenation of biomass furfuryl alcohol to prepare pentanediol. By adjusting parameters such as catalyst loading, reduction temperature, reaction temperature, and pressure, a highly active catalyst was designed and the optimal catalytic hydrogenation conditions were determined. The hydrogenation experiment results showed that the selectivity of the 2Pt/MgO-200 catalyst for 1,2-pentanediol and 1,5-pentanediol reached 59.4% and 15.2%, respectively, under 160 °C and 1 MPa hydrogen pressure. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), and other methods. The characterization results indicate that the reduction temperature has a significant impact on the metal Pt, and an appropriate reduction temperature is beneficial for the hydrogenation performance of the catalyst. In addition, the basic sites on the carrier are also another important factor affecting the activity of the catalyst. In addition, stability tests were conducted on the catalyst, and the reasons for catalyst deactivation were studied using methods such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the activity of the catalyst decreased after five cycles, and the deactivation was due to the hydrolysis of the carrier, the increase in metal particle size, and the surface adsorption of organic matter.
Safety of Anti-Reelin Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Calvier Laurent , Alexander Anna , Marckx Austin T. , Kounnas Maria Z. , Durakoglugil Murat , Herz Joachim
Published: March 2024

Reelin, a large extracellular glycoprotein, plays critical roles in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have revealed non-neuronal functions of plasma Reelin in inflammation by promoting endothelial–leukocyte adhesion through its canonical pathway in endothelial cells (via ApoER2 acting on NF-κB), as well as in vascular tone regulation and thrombosis. In this study, we have investigated the safety and efficacy of selectively depleting plasma Reelin as a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We found that Reelin expression remains stable throughout adulthood and that peripheral anti-Reelin antibody treatment with CR-50 efficiently depletes plasma Reelin without affecting its levels or functionality within the CNS. Notably, this approach preserves essential neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, in mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), selective modulation of endothelial responses by anti-Reelin antibodies reduces pathological leukocyte infiltration without completely abolishing diapedesis. Finally, long-term Reelin depletion under metabolic stress induced by a Western diet did not negatively impact the heart, kidney, or liver, suggesting a favorable safety profile. These findings underscore the promising role of peripheral anti-Reelin therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases and conditions where endothelial function is compromised, offering a novel approach that may avoid the immunosuppressive side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory therapies.
HS-SPME-GC/MS Metabolomic Analysis for the Comparative Evaluation between a Plum–Apricot Hybrid and Its Parents
Authors: Lante Anna , Mihaylova Dasha , Dincheva Ivayla , Popova Aneta
Published: March 2024

The “Stendesto” plumcot is the only successful Bulgarian plum–apricot hybrid having the “Modesto” apricot and the “Stanley” plum as parents. The current study reports on the metabolites and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) discovered in the three fruits. Forty-one metabolites in total, as represented by amino acids, organic acids, sugar acids and alcohols, phenolic acids, fatty acids, mono- and di-saccharides, and sterols, were identified in the samples. Additionally, sixty-five VOCs were profiled using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and HS-SPME technique. Among these VOCs, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, lactones, terpenoids, and benzene derivatives were the existing chemical classes. Not all metabolites were present in both apricot and plum, but the hybrid had managed to inherit all of the identified metabolites with the exception of γ-aminobutyric acid. This study is a first on the topic of plumcot fruit evaluation referencing its parental lines. Principal component (PCA) and hierarchical cluster (HCA) analyses further aided in revealing the differences and similarities between the “Stendesto” plum–apricot hybrid and its parents.
Enhancing Uptake Capability of Green Carbon Black Recycled from Scrap Tires for Water Purification
Authors: Choi Jiho , Kang Jihyun , Yang Huiseong , Yoon Sangin , Kim Jun-Hyun , Park Hyun-Ho
Published: March 2024

This study reports on the highly simple fabrication of green carbon black (GCB) generated from scrap tires with acetic acid to improve the adsorption efficiency for water purification, which is thoroughly compared with conventional carbon black (CB) obtained from petrochemicals. Unlike traditional modification processes with strong acids or bases, the introduction of a relatively mild acid readily allowed for the effective modification of GCB to increase the uptake capability of metal ions and toxic organic dyes to serve as effective adsorbents. The morphological features and thermal decomposition patterns were examined by electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface functional groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structural information (ratio of D-defects/G band-graphitic domains) obtained by Raman spectroscopy clearly suggested the successful fabrication of GCB (ID/IG ratio of 0.74), which was distinctively different from typical CB (ID/IG ratio of 0.91). In the modified GCB, the specific surface area (SBET) gradually increased with the reduction of pore size as a function of acetic acid content (52.97 m2/g for CB, 86.64 m2/g for GCB, 102.10-119.50 m2/g for acid-treated GCB). The uptake capability of the modified GCB (312.5 mg/g) for metal ions and organic dyes was greater than that of the unmodified GCB (161.3 mg/g) and typical CB (181.8 mg/g), presumably due to the presence of adsorbed acid. Upon testing them as adsorbents in an aqueous solution, all these carbon materials followed the Langmuir isotherm over the Freundlich model. In addition, the removal rates of cationic species (>70% removal of Cu2+ and crystal violet in 30 min) were much faster and far greater than those of anionic metanil yellow (<40% removal in 3 h), given the strong electrostatic interactions. Thus, this work demonstrates the possibility of recycling waste tires in the powder form of GCB as a cost-effective and green adsorbent that can potentially substitute traditional CB, and the modification strategy provides a proof of concept for developing simple fabrication guidelines of other carbonaceous materials.
A Study of Accelerated Corrosion of Stainless Steels under Highly Oxidizing Conditions
Authors: Ubaldini Alberto , Telloli Chiara , Rizzo Antonietta , Gessi Alessandro , Marghella Giuseppe , Bruni Stefania , Calistri Sara , Gennerini Francesco , Pintilei Georgiana
Published: March 2024

The corrosion behavior of certain steels under extremely oxidative conditions, simulating the impact of water radiolysis on stainless steels, has been investigated. Radiolysis generates aggressive species, including radicals, solvated electrons, and hydrogen peroxide, potentially leading to corrosion over time in materials typically considered resistant. To expedite the kinetics of this phenomenon, drastic conditions were employed, involving high concentrations of peroxide in a strongly acidic environment. Under these conditions, corrosion can manifest rapidly. The varied responses of different steels are contingent upon their inherent nature and chemical composition, notably the chromium and nickel content. Steels with higher chromium and nickel concentrations exhibit increased resistance to corrosion, even in such severe environments. Microscopic corrosion mechanisms involve pitting and intergranular corrosion. Pitting results in the formation of craters on surfaces, while intergranular corrosion leads to the detachment of grains.
Defects Detection of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Coatings Based on Background Reconstruction and Improved Canny Algorithm
Authors: Wang Xianju , Liu Shanhui , Zhang Han , Li Yinfeng , Ren Huiran
Published: March 2024

Aiming to address the problems of uneven brightness and small defects of low contrast on the surface of lithium-ion battery electrode (LIBE) coatings, this study proposes a defect detection method that combines background reconstruction with an enhanced Canny algorithm. Firstly, we acquire and pre-process the electrode coating image, considering the characteristics of the electrode coating process and defects. Secondly, background reconstruction and the difference method are introduced to achieve the rough localization of coating defects. Furthermore, the image with potential defects undergoes enhancement through improved Gamma correction, and the PSO-OTSU algorithm with adaptive searching is applied to determine the optimal segmentation. Finally, precise defect detection is accomplished using the improved Canny algorithm and morphological processing. The experimental results show that, compared with the maximum entropy method, the region growth method, and the traditional Canny algorithm, the algorithm in this paper has a higher segmentation accuracy for defects. It better retains defect edge features and provides a more accurate detection effect for defects like scratches, dark spots, bright spots, metal leakage, and decarburization, which are difficult to recognize on the background of coating areas of electrodes. The proposed method is suitable for the online real-time defect detection of LIBE coating defects in actual lithium-ion battery industrial production.
A Study of the Hot Salt Corrosion Behavior of Three Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloys at 900 °C
Authors: Li Qianyi , Liu Feng , Li Yixin , Yao Jian , Yang Jingyu , Tan Liming , Wang Zi , Huang Lan , Liu Yong
Published: March 2024

A study of the hot salt corrosion behavior of three nickel-based single-crystal superalloys at 900 °C was conducted. We discovered that the corrosion layer on each alloy was distinctly enriched with Mo, Ni, S, and O, primarily comprising sulfides and oxides. Notably, variations in oxygen distribution across the alloys revealed that the elemental composition plays a pivotal role in their corrosion resistance. These insights not only advance our understanding of the mechanisms driving thermal corrosion in nickel-based single-crystal superalloys but also lay the groundwork for designing alloys with enhanced durability tailored to high-temperature applications. This research marks a significant step toward the optimal design and utilization of superalloys in sectors demanding exceptional material stability under thermal stress.
Effect of Particle Concentration on the Microstructure and Properties of Electrodeposited Nickel–Diamond Composite Coatings
Authors: Yang Zhiyuan , Ge Kunxiang , Cai Wen , Liu Shenqiang , Zhang Shitao , Pan Zhengyang , Zhang Jianing , Zhao Yuantao , Li Wenge , Liu Yanbo
Published: March 2024

For the purpose of improving the wear properties of Ni composite coatings, diamond particles were co-electrodeposited into Ni–diamond composite coatings. The effect of diamond particle concentration in the electrolyte on the surface morphology, microstructure, and wear properties of Ni–diamond composite coatings was investigated. The electrodeposition behaviors of the composite coatings were simulated by COMSOL5.6. The results showed that the content of diamond particles in the coating was elevated by increasing the particle concentration in the electrolyte. The formation of [200] fiber texture was blocked and concurrently brought about crystallite refinement of the Ni deposits by the embedded particles. The COMSOL simulation findings indicated that embedded particles influenced the microstructure of the Ni deposits through processes such as heterogeneous nucleation, rearrangement, and concentration of local current density. The synergistic effect of the tailored microstructure and embedded particles substantially enhanced the wear resistance of the coating. By increasing the particle concentration in the electrolyte, the wear resistance of the coating was gradually enhanced, and the coating electrodeposited at 16 g/L possessed the lowest friction coefficient and the smallest profile of wear scratch owning to the strengthened synergistic effect.
Dual-Channel Underwater Acoustic Topological Rainbow Trapping Based on Synthetic Dimension
Authors: Zhong Jialin , Luo Li , Peng Jiebin , Huang Yingyi , Shi Quanquan , Lu Jiajun , Zhang Haobin , Xie Feiwan , Wu Fugen , Zhang Xin , Zhao Degang
Published: March 2024

The concept of “rainbow trapping” has generated considerable interest in wave propagation and energy harvesting, offering new possibilities for diverse and efficient acoustic wave operations. In this work, we investigate a dual-channel topological rainbow trapping device implemented within an underwater two-dimensional phononic crystal based on synthetic dimension. The topological edge states with different frequencies are separated and trapped at different spatial locations. Acoustic waves propagate simultaneously along two boundaries due to the degeneracy of the edge states. In particular, the propagation of a dual-channel topological rainbow is also realized by using a bend design. This work contributes to the advancement of multi-channel devices in synthetic space and provides a reference for the design of highly efficient underwater acoustic devices.