bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Material Didático Interativo para a disciplina de Introdução à Programação de Computadores
Authors: Costa Thiago Lopes , Oliveira Elaine Harada Teixeira de , Passito Alexandre , Pinto Marcos Augusto de Souza , Carvalho Leandro Silva Galvão de , Oliveira David Braga Fernandes de , Pereira Filipe Dwan
Published: September 2021

O Instituto de Computação da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) oferece a disciplina de Introdução à Programação de Computadores (IPC) para diversos cursos de áreas que não são de computação (conhecidos como non-CS majors), Os estudantes dos cursos non-CS majors podem enfrentar bastante dificuldade na disciplina, além de haver uma falta de interesse desses estudantes no conteúdo de programação, uma vez que computação não é a atividade fim desses cursos. Com o objetivo de despertar maior interesse, iniciou-se um projeto de desenvolvimento para adaptar a apresentação dos slides usados nas aulas expositivas, transformando-os em material didático interativo. Durante o projeto, duas aulas foram adaptadas, seguindo a apresentação de slides original e modificando os exemplos de demonstração de código para animações detalhadas de suas execuções. Também foram adicionados desafios em que o estudante pode inserir ou selecionar respostas que ele julgue corretas, como preencher uma parte do código ou selecionar a estrutura de programação que era pedida no exemplo. As soluções dos desafios são apresentadas em seguida, buscando garantir o entendimento do conteúdo do material. Além disso, o estudante é incentivado a programar através de exemplos que pedem soluções em código para alguns problemas. As respostas do estudante e as páginas por ele visitadas são registradas no log do console do navegador para, futuramente, serem tratadas e gerar um registro detalhado de uso do material. Como primeira avaliação, a primeira aula foi apresentada aos alunos e ex-alunos de IPC, como um protótipo, em que buscou-se verificar o interesse que o material despertou nos estudantes sobre o conteúdo da disciplina. A pesquisa foi disponibilizada para a comunidade acadêmica da UFAM através de convite por e-mail, sendo respondida por cerca de 40 pesquisados. Por fim, observaram-se resultados preliminares com potencial de despertar o interesse dos alunos em relação ao material didático interativo, além de apontamentos relevantes para aprimoramentos no material. Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/EUMyYj7ateM
Maquete Ferroviária: O Exercício do Pensamento Computacional por meio da Robótica Educacional de Acesso Livre
Authors: Mendes André de Souza , Delgado Carla Amor Divino Moreira , Schneider Daniel Serrão
Published: September 2021

O trabalho consiste em utilizar como instrumento de Robótica Educacional uma Maquete Ferroviária controlada a distância pela plataforma eletrônica Arduino, cuja programação será realizada remotamente por alunos do ensino fundamental, com o objetivo de estimular a programação e, consequentemente, o exercício do pensamento computacional, por meio do engajamento lúdico encontrado no processo de gamificação apresentado pelo projeto.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/OghMd1yIgXE
Explorando potencialidades do Pensamento Computacional de forma (des)plugada com estudantes da rede estadual de educação de Mato Grosso
Authors: Sassi Sabrina Bourscheid , Maciel Cristiano , Pereira Vinicius
Published: September 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o uso da Computação Desplugada como abordagem para o desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional e de habilidades Matemáticas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina de Matemática no Ensino Fundamental. Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/84mNTqICpQE
Vamos LabEIAR: uma proposta metodológica inspirada no pensamento computacional para implantação do Laboratório de Ensino de Inteligência Artificial e Robótica no contexto da Economia 4.0 no IF Baiano Campus Catu
Authors: Durães Gilvan Martins
Published: September 2021

Este breve artigo apresenta uma proposta metodológica inédita inspirada nos pilares do Pensamento Computacional para execução das oficinas do Laboratório de Ensino em Inteligência Artificial e Robótica (LabEIAR), a ser implantado no Instituto Federal Baiano Campus Catu.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/ns24BtGuWsk
Selecting a Laboratory Information System for Biobanks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kyobe Samuel
Published: September 2021

Biobanks in low-and middle-income countries need significant infrastructural support to meet ISBER Best Practices to support population-based genomics research. ISBER recommends a Biobank information management system that can manage workflows from biospecimen receipt to distribution. The H3Africa Initiative was set out to develop regional African Biobanks where Uganda, Nigeria, and South Africa were successfully awarded grants to develop state-of-the-art Biobanks. In this chapter, we review the African experiences, processes, and recommendations for information management systems for use in the low-and middle-income country context. We provide a balanced basis on which institutions can deliberate their decision between an out-of-the-box service and a commercial enterprise.
Norovirus Genotypic Variability in Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Andrezza , José da Silva Duarte Alberto , Bianca Clissa Patricia , Saeed Sanabani Sabri
Published: September 2021

Norovirus (NoV) has been recognized as the most common etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in various epidemiological settings worldwide. The virus displays a high genetic diversity that can be classified into genogroups, genotypes, and recombinant strains. Only genogroups I, II, and IV have been found to infect humans. Variants of genogroup II genotype 4 are the most widely circulating strains and have been responsible for all NoV outbreaks globally since the mid-1990s. Several studies from different Brazilian regions have been conducted to detect and genetically characterize NoV from sporadic AGE cases and outbreaks. In this chapter, we have summarized the data that focused on the genetic variabilities of NoVs and thus highlight the value of a surveillance system in assessing not only the true burden of the disease, but also the detection and characterization of emerging novel variants.
The Reproductive Performance of Native Osmanabadi Goat of India
Authors: Wakchaure Monali , Faheem Siddiqui Mohammad , Sonawane Akshay
Published: September 2021

Among the goat breeds of India, Osmanabadi goat breed is one of the most popular goat breed of the arid and semi-arid region of Maharashtra state. Historically this breed is known to exist on Deccan Plateau since decades. The name Osmanabadi is derived from its origin, i.e. Osmanabad district in Maharashtra state. The breeds is distributed mainly in 2 southern states of India viz. Western Telangana and North Eastern Karnataka state and are having largest contribution to meat production in Southern India as their meat is very tasty when compared with local breeds. The Osmanabadi breed is suited to all types of rearing systems, the most ideal being the semi-intensive system (grazing and closed enclosure) where higher production has been observed compared to extensive (grazing system) and intensive systems (zero grazing system). Osmanabadi goats reared in the Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana border region had been analysed with reproductive parameters and found that, the female kids attend puberty at the age of 349.8 ± 6.9 days with 17.45 ± 0.23 Kg body weight. The average gestation period found was 152.24 ± 0.24 days. The mean age at first kidding was found to be 494.4 ± 8.1 days. The average duration of post-partum anoestrus period was 67.34 ± 6.31 days which was responsible for short inter-kidding interval which shows high profile reproductive efficiency. The mean kidding interval recorded as 232.62 ± 5.45 days. Majority of kidding resulted in single births (87.27%) and with only 12.73% of multiple births. Breeding season and kidding season of Osmanabadi goats was observed from the month of June to September and November to February as a major.
Bowel Anastomoses: Manual or Mechanical
Authors: Oumar Toure Alpha , Seck Mamadou , Lamine Gueye Mohamadou , Thiam Ousmane
Published: September 2021

An anastomosis is a connection between two tubular anatomical structures. Anastomoses have been a great surgical challenge from antiquities to modern times. Main research on the manual techniques and healing processes of digestive anastomoses took place during the 19th century. They were later improved by the advent of mechanical devices in the early 20th century. For both types of anastomoses, local and general conditions required for a good healing are the same. Many devices, both for manual and mechanical anastomoses have been developed. The devices’ uses depend on their availability, surgeons usual practice and the relative difficulty of the anastomosis. The debate is still lively about the advantages and the potential inconveniences of one technique versus the other in regards to many parameters such as operating time and the incidence of anastomotic leakage.
Diet and Obesity
Authors: Oyindasola Kayode Olariike
Published: September 2021

Obesity is a complex disease that involves an excessive amount of body fat. It is a medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers. Although there are genetic, behavioral, metabolic and hormonal influences on body weight, obesity occurs when you take in more calories than you burn through exercise and daily activities that is when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Diet plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity; fatty foods are energy dense and gives 9calories per gram compared to carbohydrate and protein that gives 4calories per gram. Also, if physical activity is inadequate, excess consumption of fat can results into weight gain. It does not take as much energy (about 3%), to convert and store dietary fat as it does to convert and store glucose. Fats are easily stored by the body. The aim of this chapter is to provide an understanding of physiological causes and effects of obesity as this will help to promote positive food choices. It is probable that an understanding of dietary patterns and how it relates to obesity will go a long way in the treatment of this complex problem.
Magnesium Containing High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Sharma Prince , Naushin Nushrat , Rohila Sahil , Tiwari Abhishek
Published: September 2021

High Entropy alloys (HEAs) or Complex Concentrated Alloys (CCAs) or Multi-Principal Element Alloys (MPEAs) is a matter of interest to material scientists for the last two decades due to the excellent mechanical properties, oxidation and corrosion resistant behaviors. One of the major drawbacks of HEAs is their high density. Mg containing HEAs show low density compared to peers, although extensive research is required in this field. This chapter aims to include all the available information on synthesis, design, microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg containing HEAs and to highlight the contemporary voids that are to be filled in near future.
Experimentally Investigated the Development and Performance of a Parabolic Trough Solar Water Distillation Unit Concerning Angle-Wise
Authors: Ullah Fahim
Published: September 2021

The PTC performance was evaluated at four (i.e., 25o, 35o, 45o, and 55o) different adjusting Angles and it clearly showed that the adjusting Angles is highly significant, affecting the efficiency of the collector. The PTC received mean solar radiation 513 kJ.m-2.hr-1 with the absorbing temperature of the absorber in PTC was noted 123oC, 115oC, and 113oC consecutively the months of the year with the adjusting angles of 25o, 35o, and 45o respectively. Distilled water from the solar water distillation unit was found to improve the laboratory’s quality and wash equipment in the hospital. PTC’s efficiency noted 26.9%, 26.3%, and 26.1% with the distilled water up to 217, 313, and 343 ml.m-2.day-1 for the adjusting Angles of 25o, 45o, and 35o respectively. From the result, it concluded that to obtain maximum distilled water, the PTC should be set on adjusting Angles of 25o, 35o, and 45o. The average unit price of distillate from the solar still is assessed as Rs. 2.64/L-m2 with a payback period is 365 days. The unit distillate cost is seen to reduce significantly from Rs. 4.92/L to Rs. 1.57/L. It concluded from results that the distilled water of PTC relatively decent quality.
Design and Implementation of High Throughput Screening Assays for Drug Discoveries
Authors: Faisal Bokhari Fawzi , Albukhari Ashwag
Published: September 2021

The process of drug discovery is challenging and a costly affair. It takes about 12 to 15 years and costs over $1 billion dollars to develop a new drug and introduce the finished product in the market. With the increase in diseases, virus spread, and patients, it has become essential to invent new medicines. Consequently, today researchers are becoming interested in inventing new medicines faster by adopting higher throughput screening methods. One avenue of approach to discovering drugs faster is the High-Throughput Screening (HTS) method, which has gained a lot of attention in the previous few years. Today, High-Throughput Screening (HTS) has become a standard method for discovering drugs in various pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on the advancement of technologies in High-Throughput Screening (HTS) methods, namely fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), biochemical assay, fluorescence polarization (FP), homogeneous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF), Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), Fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (FIDA), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and research advances in three major technology areas including miniaturization, automation and robotics, and artificial intelligence, which promises to help speed up the discovery of medicines and its development process.
Acidithiobacillus Its Application in Biomining Using a Quorum Sensing Modulation Approach
Authors: Carlos Caicedo Juan , Villamizar Sonia
Published: September 2021

A group of particular acidophiles microorganisms (bacteria and archaea) known as chemolithoautotrophs are capable of using minerals as fuel. Its oxidation generates electrons to obtain energy and carbon that is obtained by fixing CO2 from the air. During this aerobic mineral oxidation, metals are solubilized or biodegraded. Metal bioleaching usually is used in biomining and urban biomining approaches to recovery metals such as copper, gold and zinc. Several species of bacterial genus Acidithiobacillus display a great bioleaching activity. Bacterial attachment and biofilm formation are the initial requirements to begin a successful bioleaching process. Biofilm formation in Acidithiobacillus bacteria is strongly regulated by cell to cell communication system called Quorum Sensing. The goal of this chapter is to review the Quorum Sensing system mediated by the autoinducer N-acyl- homoserine-lactones in the Bacterium Acidiothiobacillus ferroxidans, in order to enhance and to boost the bioleaching technologies based in the use of this bacterium. The main applications of the cell-to-cell communication system concepts in A. ferrooxidans are reviewed in this chapter. It is that the addition of synthetic autoinducers molecules, which act as agonist of quorum sensing system, especially those with long acyl chains, both as single molecules (C12-AHL, 3-hydroxy-C12-AHL, C14-AHL, and 3-hydroxy-C14-AHL) or as a mixture (C14-AHL/3- hydroxy-C14-AHL/3-oxo-C14-AHL) increased the adhesion to sulfur and pyrite and enhance the metal bioleaching in urban biomining approaches.
Wood Plastic Composites: Their Properties and Applications
Authors: Xu Kaimeng , Du Guanben , Wang Siqun
Published: September 2021

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) is one of crucial and potential engineering wood products that has been extensively employed in the fields of landscape, transportation, municipal engineering and building construction. It has gradually been used to replace the conventional wood-based composites. This chapter aims to introduce the properties and development of WPCs and illustrate how defects in their mechanical properties, biological and aging resistance, and flame retardance affect their global development. Herein, the effects on the biological durability of WPCs against algae, mold, fungi, and termites made with various wood species with different chemical extractive compositions, the natural weathering performance of WPCs and the mechanisms of protection against ultraviolet light and moisture, the effectiveness and mechanism of reinforcement of WPCs by novel alloy modification of linear and aromatic polyamides are reviewed. Additionally, the flame retardance properties, common testing methods as well as the performances of novel flame retardants for WPCs, are comparatively described. Lastly, the limitations and prospects of WPCs in future construction applications are also discussed.
Comparison of Anthropometric Profile and Cognitive Performance of Elite and Non-Elite Beach Volleyball Athletes
Authors: Paollo Leite de Arruda Danny , Santos da Costa Alexandre , Karlos de Luna Ramalho Santos Anderson , Renato Paz Carlos , Luiz Maroja Di Pace França Clizaldo , de Lucena Barbosa Eric , Silva dos Santos Lenilson , Antônio de Araujo Leite Filho Marcos , Antônio Camilo de Almeida Marcos , Herculano Paz Natália , Montenegro Netto Segundo Nilo , Augusto Mariz Dantas Pedro , Henrique Marques de Lucena Pedro , Cunha Montenegro Ramon , Gouveia Nunes Renata , Freire de Araújo Rossini
Published: September 2021

To compare the anthropometric profile and cognitive performance of elite and non-elite beach volleyball athletes. Comparative and descriptive study. The sample was composed by 8 athletes, divided in 2 groups: elite (n = 4) and non-elite (n = 4). They were evaluated in anthropometric parameters age, weight and height, and the variables of the cognitive performance evaluated by the battery of computerized tests CogState® (Brief Battery): Detection (Simple Reaction Time); Identification (Choice Reaction Time); One Back Speed (Working Memory); One Back Acuracy (Short Term Memory). Data were classified as non-parametric with the dispersion curve analysis performed by the Shapiro Wilk test. Anthropometric profile and cognitive performance variables were compared with the Mann Whitney U test between the groups. The procedures were performed with a significance level of p < 0.05 using the Statistical Package for the Social Science - SPSS®, Version 25.0. It was observed that there was significant difference in the anthropometric profile in the variable age (sig = 0.029) and in the cognitive performance significant differences occurred in the variables Detec (sig = 0.029) and Indent (sig = 0.029) of elite and not elite athletes of the beach volleyball modality. Elite and non-elite beach volleyball athletes present significant differences in the anthropometric variable (Age) and in the variables of cognitive performance (Detection and Identification) where elite athletes have a better cognitive performance than the non- elite athletes.
Genetic Resources of The Universal Flavor, Vanilla
Authors: Divakaran Minoo , Fathima Rafieah N.T.
Published: September 2021

Commercially cultivated vanilla (V. planifolia) is native to Mexico and its cultivation and breeding programmes face major bottlenecks. This study reports presence of important agronomic characters in two important and endangered species of Vanilla, V. aphylla and V. pilifera, indigenous to India. V. aphylla was tolerant to Fusarium wilt and had longer flower life than the cultivated vanilla. V. pilifera flowers were fragrant, showed signs of insect pollination and had large fruit size. The species were amenable to interspecific hybridization and successful reciprocal crosses were done. Sequence similarity studies indicated the clustering of leafy and leafless species separately.
Miocene Volcaniclastic Environments Developed in the Distal Sector of the Bermejo Basin, Argentina
Authors: L. Lagos José , M. Combina Ana
Published: September 2021

During the Miocene, in the distal sectors of the Bermejo Basin, a complex relationship developed between a floodplain and contemporary volcanic activity. Seven stages of sedimentation are established to interpret this paleoenvironmental relationship. Stage I corresponds to the development of the floodplain previous to pyroclastic activity; in Stage II, pyroclastic activity is manifested by fall deposits and dry pyroclastic surges. A probable calm in the volcanic activity, associated with exceptional rains, generates laharic deposits (Stage III). Stage IV is dry pyroclastic surges that collapse the floodplain. Subsequently, the river system is reestablished (Stage V) under a regime of low to null volcanic activity. During Stages VI and VII, thick deposits of dry and wet pyroclastic surges, which have records of contemporary seismic activity. The presence of deformational structures within the pyroclastic deposits and lahars indicate that the volcanic centers were in distant areas. The volcanism that generated these deposits is probably associated with the migration to the east of the Miocene volcanic arc of the Cordillera de Los Andes or could be associate with the volcanism of the Sierra de Famatina.
Emotional Intelligence as a Haruspex of Societal Aftermath in Adults with Asperger Syndrome
Authors: Daisy Anjali
Published: September 2021

Asperger’s syndrome is not a learning disability and it has features of autism spectrum disorder, nonverbal learning disabilities and ADHD. Asperger syndrome in the context of the domains within which some of those characteristics occur. To begin with social interaction and then move to language and then move to other “in the social interaction domain. Individuals with Asperger’s syndrome tend to have limited and sometime inappropriate kinds of behaviours in the social interaction domain. They have difficulties with nonverbal communication For example they have hard time reading gestures or facial expressions and sometimes their gesture and facial expressions, don’t communicate what it is that they’re thinking and feeling they often have difficulties understanding emotional cues so they miscue when listening to someone or watching somebody they may then say something inappropriate or they may repeat something that isn’t appropriate to the situation. Because they’re miss reading the social aspect of the situation or the emotional aspect of the situation. Individuals with Asperger’s are often seen to have low eye contact either not making good eye contact or sustaining good eye contact and in this social interaction domain. Those with Asperger’s tend also to be at risk for not having many friends, they tend to be socially isolated in the language area. Those with Asperger’s often are extremely verbal, highly verbal and their language can be very sophisticated at times what they do, when they’re talking is that they tend to discuss themselves and their interests and not focus on the interests of others. It can be a one-sided conversation and some of that prosody the flow the reciprocal flow between one person another can be awkward they tend to be literal in the ways that they understand language”.
The Effects of Bisphenols on Semen Quality
Authors: Nouri Parichehr , Olfati Ali
Published: September 2021

Both the animals and humans with generalized lipodystrophy develop signs of infertility syndrome in the absence of semen health. Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The treatment of disease is usually expensive. Their expertise and experience provide the most current knowledge to promote future research. Dietary habits need to be altered, for most of world people. Therefore, the conclusions and recommendations from the part of this chapters will provide a basis for change. We welcome your offers and criticisms for book improvement in next editions. Bisphenol has been used since the 1950s, in food packaging, industrial materials, dental sealants, and personal hygiene products. Everyone is exposed to Bisphenol through the skin, inhalation, and digestive system. Bisphenol disrupts endocrine pathways because it has weak estrogenic, antiandrogenic, and antithyroid activities. Known endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to be a reproductive toxicant in animal models. This book chapter the current epidemiological literature on fertility outcomes associated with Bisphenol exposure. It also provides relevant resources for health care providers who are in a unique position to provide guidance in reducing exposure to this endocrine-disrupting chemical.
Battery Energy Storage Systems and Rooftop Solar-Photovoltaics in Electric Power Distribution Networks
Authors: E. Davidson Innocent , Reddy Rodney
Published: September 2021

Energy storage technologies is transforming the way the world and utility companies utilize, control and dispatch electrical energy. In several countries, the consequential effect of meeting electrical demands continues to burden the electrical infrastructure leading to violation of statutory operating limits. Such violations constrain a power system’s ability to supply suitable energy whilst meeting daily load and growth demands. While optimization techniques can be used to reduce violations, these are still limited do not provide effective short-term solutions when dealing with constrained networks in dense and radial distribution systems. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) and solar rooftop photovoltaics (RTPV) are a viable distributed energy resource to alleviate violations which are constraining medium voltage (MV) networks.
DMAPT: Study of Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques in Advanced Persistent Threat Attribution and Detection
Authors: Sai Charan P.V. , Mohan Anand P. , K. Shukla Sandeep
Published: September 2021

Modern-day malware is intelligent enough to hide its presence and perform stealthy operations in the background. Advance Persistent Threat (APT) is one such kind of malware attack on sensitive corporate and banking networks to stay there for a long time undetected. In real-time corporate networks, identifying the presence of intruders is a big challenging task for security experts. Recent APT attacks like Carbanak, The Big Bang, and Red Echo attack (targeting the Indian power sector) are ringing alarms globally. New data exfiltration methods and advancements in malware techniques are the two main reasons for rapid and robust APT evolution. Although many traditional and hybrid methods are available to detect this stealthy malware, the number of target-specific attacks are increasing rapidly at global level. Attackers have been crafting payloads resistant to malware sandbox environments so that traditional sandboxing techniques may not work with these APT malware detection. In this paper, we shed light on various Data Mining, Machine Learning techniques and frameworks used in both Attribution and Detection of APT malware. Added to this, our work highlight GAP analysis and need for paradigm shift in existing techniques to deal with evolving modern APT malware.
Intelligent VR-AR for Natural Disasters Management
Authors: García Silvia , Trejo Paulina , García Alberto
Published: September 2021

Considering the significance of improving natural disasters emergency management and recognizing that catastrophe scenes are almost impossible to reconstruct in real life, forcing persons to experience real hazards violates both law and morality, in this research is presented an engine for Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (VR/AR) that works enhancing human capacities for prevention, response and recovery of natural phenomena effects. The selected novel techniques have very advantageous qualities to overcome the inconveniences detected in the most recent seismic devastating experience in Mexico City, the Sept 19th, 2017, earthquake M7.2: total collapse of more than 230 buildings, partial fall of 7 000 houses, 370 people were killed, and over 6,000 were injured. VR and AR provide researchers, government authorities and rescue teams with tools for recreating the emergencies entirely through computer-generated signals of sight, sound, and touch, when using VR, and overlays of sensory signals for experiences a rich juxtaposition of virtual and real worlds simultaneously, when AR is applied. The gap between knowledge and action is filled with visual, aural, and kinesthetic immersive experiences that poses a possibility to attend to the population in danger in a deeply efficient way, never experimented before.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Severity Classification, Factors Responsible, Pathophysiology, Current and Herbal Treatment
Authors: T. Galatage Sunil , S. Hebalkar Aditya , S. Gaikwad Sayali , S. Kumbhar Pranav , N. Patil Nikhil , D. Desai Kranti , U. Kanekar Sonam , S. Kadam Samruddhi , S. Sansare Rushikesh , S. Sansare Sonali , G. Killedar Suresh
Published: September 2021

Rheumatoid Arthritis is the autoimmune disorder occurs due to the change in life style, improper diet plans, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption etc. It generally affects the joints and creates swelling and severe pain in joints which leads to further destruction of bone and cartilages. Due to autoimmune responses the factors like Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukins-1 are introduced to synovial and synovial membrane which creates the swelling and pain. These factors further produce reactive oxygen species and inducing osteoclasts which destruct the bone and cartilages. Along with the drugs the several natural herbal treatments are also available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This includes varies medicinal plants form which acacia species is more potent and efficient. Acacia Senegal is the plant which blocks the receptors and decreases the level of tumor necrosis factor-α. Present work on rheumatoid arthritis mainly covers classification, factors responsible, pathophysiology, severity, current treatment and its drawbacks, herbal treatment and its benefits in treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Presence of p53 Protein on Spermatozoa DNA: A Novel Environmental Bio-Marker and Implications for Male Fertility
Authors: Raimondo Salvatore , Gentile Mariacira , Gentile Tommaso , Montano Luigi
Published: September 2021

Many studies suggest a direct relationship between toxic effects and an increase in the p53 protein on cellular DNA. For our studies, we used sperm DNA as an indicator of environmental toxic effects, dosing p53 quantitatively. To assess possible variations, we used semen samples from two homogeneous male groups living permanently in areas with different environmental impact. The toxic effects of the selected high environmental impact area are caused by both soil and air pollution, while the selected low environmental impact area is a nature reserve where there are no landfills, but only rural factories. As we work with reproductive cells, our interest was inevitably focused on sperm DNA damage and whether this damage could affect their fertilizing capacity. The length of telomeres and the quantification of protamines are being studied to better define the possible damage.
Palliative Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation and Other Life Supports
Authors: F. Goodman Lauren
Published: September 2021

Palliative or compassionate withdrawal of mechanical ventilator support at the end of life aims to optimize comfort, alleviate suffering, and allow a natural death in patients for whom life supports are not achieving desired goals. Palliative withdrawal is a medical procedure and must be treated as such. Appropriate planning and preparations are required to optimize patient comfort, which is the goal of the procedure. Many institutions have a “one size fits all” approach to this process, but individual patient factors require consideration to meet the patient’s needs. Some of these factors include patient pathophysiology (airway edema, airway trauma, hemoptysis, secretions), current treatment modalities (ventilator settings, medications including sedatives, vasopressors, inotropes, inhaled agents, neuromuscular blockade agents), and patient and family values and preferences. This chapter will discuss the implications of each of these factors and propose methods for successful transitions to comfort-focused care. Case vignettes will demonstrate the thought processes involved and model optimal management. Common ethical considerations and questions regarding palliative withdrawal of life support will also be discussed.
Stimulatory Effects of Androgens on Eel Primary Ovarian Development - from Phenotypes to Genotypes
Authors: Huang Yung-Sen , Lin Chung-Yen
Published: September 2021

Androgens stimulate primary ovarian development in Vertebrate. Japanese eels underwent operation to sample the pre- and post-treated ovarian tissues from the same individual. Ovarian phenotypic or genotypic data were mined in a pair. A correlation between the initial ovarian status (determined by kernel density estimation (KDE), presented as a probability density of oocyte size) and the consequence of androgen (17MT) treatment (change in ovary) has been showed. The initial ovarian status appeared to be important to influence ovarian androgenic sensitivity. The initial ovary was important to the outcomes of androgen treatments, and ePAV (expression presence-absence variation) is existing in Japanese eel by analyze DEGs; core, unique, or accessory genes were identified, the sensitivities of initial ovaries were correlated with their gene expression profiles. We speculated the importance of genetic differential expression on the variations of phenotypes by 17MT, and transcriptomic approach seems to allow extracting multiple layers of genomic data.
Engineered Wood Products as a Sustainable Construction Material: A Review
Authors: Yadav Ranjana , Kumar Jitendra
Published: September 2021

Engineered wood products are considered as best building materials due to environmentally friendly. Huge change to the way in which wood has been utilized in primary application of construction in the course of the most recent 25 years are in light of decreased admittance to high strength timber from growth forests, and the turn of events and creation of various new design of manufactured wood products. Engineered wood products are available in different variety of sizes and measurements like laminated veneer lumber, glued laminated timber, finger jointed lumber, oriental strand board etc. It is utilized for rooftop and floor sheathing, solid structure, beams and the hull of boats. This review objectively explores not only the environmental aspects of the use of different engineered wood composites as a building material, but also their economic aspects, to understand their effect on sustainability.
Role of Anti-Viral Drugs in Combating SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kamboj Sweta , Kamboj Rohit , Kamboj Shikha , Dutt Rohit , Chabbra Reeva , Kriplani Priyanka
Published: September 2021

Viruses are the eventual assertion of parasitism, they not only take nutriments from the host cell, apart from that they direct its metabolic machinery to amalgamate novel virus particle and to diminish the ability of flu viruses to reproduce in an individual antiviral drugs are used. When used as directed, antiviral drugs may help to lessen the duration of flu symptoms and may reduce the severity of common flu symptoms. Antiviral drugs are the class of drugs which comes under the antimicrobials, and that also accommodates the larger group i.e. of antibiotics. They are broad-spectrum in nature and can be effective against a wide range of viruses. They can be used as a single drug as well as in combination of drugs. Antiviral drugs are dissimilar from the antibiotics, they do not demolish their target pathogen ideally they obstruct development of pathogen. To the greatest extent antiviral drugs currently accessible are delineate to deal with herpes viruses, covid-19, HIV, the hepatitis b and c viruses herpes simplex, small pox, picornavirus and influenza a and b viruses etc. Scientists are searching to drag out the range of antiviral to the other families of pathogens. They mainly act by inhibiting the attachment of viruses on cells, prevent genetic reproduction of virus, prevent viral protein production and vital for production of virus. The emanation of antiviral is generally the outcome about an appreciably expanded skills or proficiency of the generative, microscopic and atomic activity of organisms, allowing biomedical analyst to acknowledge the structure, mechanism of action and activity of viruses, significant progress within the procedure for come across the current drugs. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) is highly infectious disease triggered by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus 2 causing nearly 2.9 million deaths worldwide. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the repurposing of antiviral drugs has come into picture.
Metal Ions-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease and Chelation Therapy
Authors: Yeo Dongjin , Gyu Choi Tae , Soo Kim Sung
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ranked as the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, is one of the most incidental neurodegenerative disorders. AD patients experience irreparable damages to the brain, indicated as progressive, insidious, and degenerative. Past research has discovered that the amyloid cascade hypothesis best describes the pathophysiological etiology of AD, designating amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as the ‘hallmarks’ of AD pathology. Furthermore, accumulating evidence show that the oxidative stress state, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidation, contributes to AD development. This chapter describes the oxidative stress process in AD. It mainly tackles the correlation of metal-catalyzed ROS production with amyloid-β and how it oxidatively damages both the amyloid-β itself and the surrounding molecules, potentially leading to AD. Additionally, both the role of metal chelation therapy as a treatment for AD and its challenges will be mentioned as well. This chapter specially focuses on how metal ions imbalance induces oxidative stress and how it affects AD pathology.
Reducing Toxic Phthalate Exposures in Premature Infants
Authors: Jenkins Randall
Published: September 2021

Phthalates are a ubiquitous group of industrial compounds used as industrial solvents and as additives to plastics to make products softer avnd more flexible. Phthalates are found in a variety of products including medical devices, personal care products, flooring, and food packaging. Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit are exposed to phthalates both in the building materials, but more importantly in the medical supplies and devices. Toxicity from phthalates has been of concern to researchers for many decades. Toxicity concerns to neonates includes male reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity (including hypertension), neurotoxicity, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Limited recommendations have been given for reducing phthalate exposures to premature infants. These include avoiding infusing lipids or blood products through intravenous tubing containing phthalates. Storage of blood in containers made with phthalates has been a strong recommendation and has largely been accomplished. A comprehensive plan for phthalate reduction has heretofore been missing. This chapter has the goal of identifying the problem of phthalate exposure in premature infants, with some practical solutions that can be done today, as well as suggestions for manufacturers to complete the work.
Turbulence Models Commonly Used in CFD
Authors: Gorman John , Bhattacharyya Suvanjan , Cheng Lijing , P. Abraham John
Published: September 2021

Here we provide an overview of some of the most commonly used turbulence models used in current CFD modeling. We compare the governing equations, applications of use, and results between the models. Finally, we provide our own recommendations, based on more than two decades of collaborative research.
Research Frontier of Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Guided by Molecular Typing of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Haicaho , Chen Changzhou , He Jiefeng
Published: September 2021

Liver cancer will continue to be a major disease threatening the lives and health of our people in the next few decades. In recent years, with the development of early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer, precise liver resection, and the development of targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs, the survival rate of liver cancer patients has been improved. Nevertheless, due to the high heterogeneity of liver cancer, patients with liver cancer in the same clinical stage still have great differences in response to treatment and prognosis. New staging and classification indicators are urgently needed to facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer, so as to further improve the survival rate of patients. The continuous progress and development of multi-omics technology, single-cell technology, tumor molecular visualization technology and medical artificial intelligence, etc., make the molecular classification of liver cancer more and more approaching the true nature of tumor biological characteristics, thus contributing to the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
Multimodal Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Dynamic Liver Phantom
Authors: S. Ahmad Muntaser , Makhamrah Osama , Hjouj Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Liver phantom is used at various medical levels, such as detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the early stages, training medical staff to deal with HCC by taking biopsies, developing new sequences on medical imaging devices, confirming the image quality, applying treatments to HCC, and others. All of the trials should be applied before entering the real human body. The phantom includes properties very similar to those of the human body, as well as the properties of liver cancer and how it is treated within the body through its biological form. Therefore, the present chapter aims to provide comprehensive information to consider when fabricating HCC-containing phantoms and the characteristics of those phantoms in proportion to multimodal medical imaging to aid in understanding the main target of dynamic phantom for HCC.
Revealing the manifestations of neoliberalism in academia: Academic collective action in Turkey
Authors: Coşkan Canan , Acar Yasemin Gülsüm , Bayad Aydın
Published: September 2021

Academic Collective Action (ACA) stands as a small-scale collective action for social change toward liberation, independence and equity in academia. Academic collectives in Turkey, as an example of ACA, prefigure building academia outside the university by emphasizing the extent to which neoliberal academia has already prepared the groundwork for more recent waves of oppression. In this research, we aim to reveal the manifestations of neoliberalism in ACA as captured with prominent social/political psychological concepts of collective action. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 dismissed academics to understand the social and political psychological processes in academic collectives. The narrations of ACA were accompanied by manifestations of neoliberalism as experienced by dismissed academics. We found that, as follows from the existing conceptual tools of collective action, neoliberalism serves as an embedded contextual factor in the process of ACA. This becomes mostly visible for grievances but also for collective identifications, politicization, motivations, finding/allocating resources and sustaining academic collectives. We provide a preliminary basis to understand the role of neoliberalism in organization, mobilization and empowerment dynamics of collective action.
Alan R. H. Baker & Gideon Biger (eds.): Ideology and Landscape in Historical Perspective
Authors: Olwig Kenneth R.
Published: September 2021

Alan R. H. Baker & Gideon Biger (eds.): Ideology and Landscape in Historical Perspective

Anmeldes af Kenneth R. Olwig
Rolf Gilberg: Mennesket Minik (1888-1918): En grønlænders liv mellem to verdener
Authors: Rønne Kirsten
Published: September 2021

Rolf Gilberg: Mennesket Minik (1888-1918): En grønlænders liv mellem to verdener

Anmeldes af Kirsten Rønne
Ernest Hunter: Aboriginal Health and History: Power and Prejudice in Remote Australia
Authors: Bang Hanne
Published: September 2021

Ernest Hunter: Aboriginal Health and History: Power and Prejudice in Remote Australia

Anmeldes af Hanne Bang
Helle Johannesen: Komplekse kroppe. Alternativ behandling i antropologisk perspektiv
Authors: Christie Vigdis Moe
Published: September 2021

Helle Johannesen: Komplekse kroppe. Alternativ behandling i antropologisk perspektiv

Anmeldes af Vigdis Moe Christie
A New Flexible and Economic Technology for the Low Pressure Sand Casting of Steel Alloys
Authors: Krumm Steven , Scheidhauer Nico , Wolf Gotthard , Dommaschk Claudia
Published: September 2021

Low pressure casting is a very well established process for the casting of aluminium alloys. In the field of ferrous materials, however, the process has so far only found a few applications. The crucial reasons for this are the low flexibility and poor economic efficiency of the existing technologies. Since 2016, a new technology has been developed at the Foundry Institute of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg, in which an induction crucible furnace can be used as a melting unit and, in combination with a cover including a casting pipe, as a casting unit. The new technology stands out from existing low-pressure casting technologies for ferrous materials, particularly in terms of its flexibility and cost-effectiveness. The main focus of the activities was the development of a casting pipe as well as the verification of its lifetime, the elaboration and verification of process parameters and sequences as well as the upscaling of the technology for an industrial application. In all considerations, the focus was on both the technical feasibility and the economic efficiency of the process. The result is extensive expertise that can be used in the future to offer a finished product for industrial applications as a plug-and-play solution together with an induction furnace construction company.
Perron numbers that satisfy Fermat’s equation
Authors:   Division of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington Bothell, Paparella Pietro
Published: September 2021

In this note, it is shown that if \ell and m are positive integers such that \ell > m, then there is a Perron number \rho such that \rho^n + (\rho + m)^n = (\rho + \ell)^n. It is also shown that there is an aperiodic integer matrix C such that C^n + (C+ m I_n)^n = (C + \ell I_n)^n.
On the rational solutions of y^2 =x^3 + k^{6n+3}
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Sharma Richa , Bhatter Sanjay ,   Department of Mathematics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology
Published: September 2021

We consider a family of elliptic curves E(k^{6n+3}) : y^2 = x^3 + k^{6n+3} for some integers k and n ≥ 0 and prove that their rank is zero and the torsion part is isomorphic to Z_2. This is an extension of a recent work of Wu and Qin [14].
On Ramanujan type identities and Cardano formula
Authors: Wang Kai
Published: September 2021

In this paper we will prove some Ramanujan type identities such as \begin{align*} &\sqrt[3]{\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{9}\right)} + \sqrt[3]{\sin\left(\frac{2\pi}{9}\right)} + \sqrt[3]{\sin\left(\frac{14\pi}{9}\right)} \\ & = \left(-\frac{\sqrt[18]{3}}{2}\right) \left(\sqrt[3]{6+3\left(\sqrt[3]{6-3\sqrt[3]{9}}+ \sqrt[3]{3-3\sqrt[3]{9}}\right)}\right), \end{align*} \begin{align*} &\sqrt[3]{\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{9}\right)} + \sqrt[3]{\tan\left(\frac{4\pi}{9}\right)} + \sqrt[3]{\tan\left(\frac{7\pi}{9}\right)} \\ & = \left(-\sqrt[18]{3}\right) \left(\sqrt[3]{-3\sqrt[3]{3}+6+3(\sqrt[3]{\!21 - 3(3\sqrt[3]{3}\!-\!\sqrt[3]{9}) } - \sqrt[3]{\!3 + 3(3\sqrt[3]{3}\!+\!\sqrt[3]{9})})}\right). \end{align*}
A note on ratios of Fibonacci hybrid and Lucas hybrid numbers
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Bulent Ecevit, Polatlı Emrah
Published: September 2021

Irmak recently asked an open question related to divisibility properties of Fibonacci and Lucas quaternions [4, p. 374]. In this paper, we give an answer to Fibonacci and Lucas hybrid number version of this question.