bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Threat of Commercial Hormone Kits to Endocrinology
Authors: Rehfeld Jens
Published: December 2023

Over the last decades, the market for commercial hormone kits has grown considerably. The kits are today used extensively in endocrine research and diagnostics. Unfortunately, a significant fraction of the kits are unreliable in both analytical and diagnostic terms. Consequently, the aim of the present article is to draw critical attention among endocrinologists to the reliability of commercial hormone kits. For that purpose, we have briefly reviewed the kit situation for four different hormones: The brain-gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK); the antral hormone gastrin; the pancreatic hormone glucagon; and the cardiac natriuretic hormones. We conclude that the situation for the described peptide hormones probably shows only the tip of an iceberg. Therefore, we strongly recommend kit producers examine their products carefully with respect to the new endocrine biology and diagnostic reliability before the kits are marketed. Moreover, we also recommend quality regulation of the kit market in line with the regulations applied to the pharmaceutical drug market.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Patient with Lujan-Fryns Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Alrabah Mohammed , AlMarshedi Afnan , Alharthi Mansour
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Lujan-Fryns syndrome (LFS), a rare genetic anomaly first described in 1984, is characterized by a unique constellation of clinical features primarily attributed to mutations in the MED12 gene. These features include intellectual disability, behavioral complexities, and distinct somatic attributes. Although formal psychiatric criteria are lacking, numerous case studies have revealed a co-occurrence of LFS with psychological manifestations, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This case report explores the intricate relationship between LFS and ADHD, shedding light on potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Case Presentation: We present the clinical profile of a 13-year-old male diagnosed with LFS, who exhibited hyperactivity and inattention symptoms, leading to a diagnosis of ADHD. The patient’s history included full-term birth, developmental delays, and speech challenges, necessitating special education. Treatment for ADHD included methylphenidate extended-release, behavioral modification techniques, and clonidine, resulting in significant symptom improvement. Marfanoid features were present, and LFS was confirmed through genetic testing. Comprehensive care with a multi-disciplinary approach addressed the associated medical concerns. Conclusion: Recognizing and addressing the co-occurrence of LFS and ADHD is crucial. This complex interplay presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The absence of specific medications for LFS-associated ADHD highlights the need for customized treatments. This case report enhances our understanding of their relationship, paving the way for further research to improve clinical care for individuals with both these conditions.
From Clinical Trials to Communities: an observational study to evaluate the efficacy of Antiviral Therapies for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infections within Wales
Authors: Jackson David , Coulson James
Published: December 2023

Background and Purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 poses significant health risks, namely respiratory and immune-related symptoms, which can lead to hospitalisation or death. Several antiviral drugs have undergone clinical trials with mixed results, but ultimately Paxlovid, molnupiravir, and sotrovimab have been approved by the UK's medicines regulatory agency. This study aims to evaluate their effectiveness in the Welsh community, as their efficacy outside of clinical trials remains uncertain. Experimental approach. Using a retrospective cohort design, this study was conducted in Wales to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs in high-risk (see Appendix A) non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients. These patients were retrospectively monitored for 28 days examining for the primary endpoints of hospitalisation and mortality. Confirmation of antiviral prescription was obtained from the National Antiviral Service Cymru. From this, digital copies of patients’ notes were reviewed online for evidence of hospitalisation or death. Ethical approval was not required since no further clinical testing was involved. Data handling was congruous with the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board policies. Key Results. The primary study included 820 total patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 41:59 and a median age of 60. Overall analysis identified that 6.2% of all patients (N=820) met the criteria for a primary endpoint within the 28-day window. The combined mean primary endpoint rates for all drugs between the primary study (6.2%) and pivotal trials (1.9%) did not differ, p = 0.24. There was no statistical difference between the incidence in the Molnupiravir treatment group (8.2%) and its respective pivotal clinical trial (8.2%), p = 0.27. Sotrovimab displayed a significantly higher primary endpoint rate of 2.6% when compared to the pivotal trial result of 1.1%. This decrease in efficacy since market authorisation was statistically significant to p = 0.04. Conclusion. COVID-19 antiviral treatment with Paxlovid, molnupiravir, or sotrovimab reduced the risk of hospitalisation or death in high-risk non-hospitalized patients. However, the efficacy of these drugs in the community setting appears lower than in pivotal clinical trials. The reasoning behind this is not clear, although it may be due to SARS-CoV-2 mutations or the UK vaccination program. Specifically, a higher incidence rate was found within the sotrovimab treatment group than the clinical trial. Further research across a larger UK-wide patient population is needed to confirm the true effect of COVID-19 antiviral drugs in the community.
High Expression of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 in Urothelial Carcinoma When Compared to Other Common Malignancies Based on a Novel, Quantitative Immunohistochemistry Assay and Scoring System From FFPE Tissue not Requiring Antigen Retrieval
Authors: Alanee Shaheen
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To compare C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) expression in urothelial carcinoma tissue to other common malignancies using a specific CCR5 inhibitor-based assay. Methods: We used an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay to compare the expression of CCR5 in urothelial carcinoma to different types of common cancer. The IHC assay was based on labeled PRO140 (PRO140 CCR5 Hu IgG4a), a CCR5 inhibitor with potential therapeutic uses. The expression levels were compared using Percent Scores and H-Score methods. Results: Quantification of CCR5 expression utilized a panel of 63 evaluable samples from 9 cancer indications as follows: 6 UC, 7 non-small cell lung (NSCL) adenocarcinoma, 9 NSCL squamous cell carcinoma, 5 triple negative breast cancer, 5 breast cancer, 7 pancreatic cancer, 9 colorectal cancer, 7 head, and neck cancer, and 8 sarcoma. Overall, most of the 63 cases evaluated tended to have either H-Scores >175 (highly reactive) (24/63) or <100 (low or non-reactive) (32/63). Urothelial cancer had the highest expression (H score=183.3), while sarcoma exhibited the most moderate expression of CCR5 (H score =23.6). Conclusions: We show, for the first time, a high expression of CCR5 in the tissue of urothelial carcinoma using an assay based on a safe and effective receptor inhibitor. Our findings may have therapeutic implications if validated in more extensive studies.
Impact of Oral Health on Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Äyräväinen Leena , Heikkinen Anna , Meurman Jukka
Published: December 2023

This is a narrative review describing how oral infections and diseases associate with rheumatoid arthritis. From the voluminous oral microbiom, bacteria can get access to circulation through inflamed periodontal tissue, oral mucosa, and carious teeth. This results in upregulation of a number of chemokines and cytokines that often cause chronic, subclinical systemic inflammation with consequent organ pathology. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis was observed to cause citrullination of proteins that play a role in the development of arthritis by generating of specific autoantibodies such as anti-citrullinated peptide antibody. These migrate and form immune complexes at the synovial membrane of joints. In general, patients with rheumatoid arthritis should have a healthy mouth. Dry mouth is a symptom seen among many patients with rheumatic diseases, also rheumatoid arthritis. Because saliva is one of the principal defense factors of the mouth, hyposalivation renders the patient liable to oral diseases. Consequently, the patients must drink enough daily and use saliva substitutes when necessary, and, above all, maintain good oral hygiene daily. In rheumatoid arthritis, manual dexterity may be impaired, however, causing cleaning the teeth difficult. Hence, patients with rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis need counseling and individual oral health care instructions by oral health care professionals for implementation at home. An electric toothbrush should be recommended. Regular oral health examinations by dentists are needed more often than among the healthy.
The Myths and Realities of Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention – A Journey Through Scientific Evidences
Authors: Moorthy H. Krishna , Krishnamoorthy Ashwin
Published: December 2023

The goals of primary chemoprevention of any disease include decreasing the incidence of disease, reducing treatment-related adverse events, cutting down the cost of treatment and bringing down the mortality due to the disease. Increased prevalence of prostate cancer and identification of large numbers of newly detected disease due to the availability of better screening measures, long latency of the disease and peculiar molecular basis of pathogenesis make prostate cancer an attractive target of chemoprevention. This article reviews the experimental and epidemiological data available from 1998 to 2023 on the effectiveness, safety and toxicity of various nutritional and other agents proposed to be used for prostate cancer chemoprevention either to reduce the incidence of this cancer and/or slow down the disease progression. No single agent has been categorically proved to be the best for chemoprevention of prostate cancer as of now. Although majority of studies do not propose adopting chemoprevention in the entire elderly men population, it may be ideal that the men at higher risk of contracting prostate cancer like those having positive family history would be the best choice for implementing chemoprevention.
Overcoming the Challenges of Lyme Disease Diagnosis: The Role of Phage-based Testing
Authors: Jia Ying , Mijatovic Tatjana , Teulières Louis , Clokie Martha , Shan Jinyu
Published: December 2023

Tick-borne diseases are a growing concern worldwide, affecting both human and animal populations. Ticks are known to harbour a wide range of pathogens and are considered one of the most important vectors of diseases. Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is the most common tick-borne disease in the US and Europe. However, accurate diagnosis of Lyme disease can be challenging due to the complex immune evasion strategies employed by Borrelia species and the limitations of existing diagnostic tests. To address this issue, researchers are exploring novel approaches, including the use of bacteriophages as diagnostic tools. Bacteriophages are highly specific and offer advantages over traditional methods for detecting bacteria, including Borrelia. In particular, the use of multicopy bacteriophages as molecular markers for Borrelia detection is a promising approach that may provide greater sensitivity than targeting single-copy bacterial genes. Nonetheless, the task of identifying trace amounts of bacteriophages in blood samples necessitates attention, and scientists are devising innovative techniques to surmount this hurdle. In summary, employing bacteriophages as a diagnostic tool for Lyme disease, by specifically targeting free circulating bacteriophages in blood samples, offers significant potential for enhancing patient outcomes and public health. However, additional rigorous scientific validation is required to definitively ascertain the efficacy and accuracy of using a phage-based methodology for detecting Borrelia in blood samples.
Evolution of Treatment Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kyriacou Maro , Vuyyuru Sudheer , Moran Gordon
Published: December 2023

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which encompasses Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, represents a chronic and progressive condition characterised by periods of active inflammation interspersed with periods of remission. The resulting disease burden, arising from patient symptoms and complications, leads to a diminished quality of life for individuals with IBD. Despite significant advancements in the management of IBD, the ideal treatment targets are uncertain. The evolution of treatment targets in IBD signifies a paradigm shift from mere symptom control to a more holistic approach that aims at achieving deeper remission and improving patients' quality of life. The “treat-to-target” paradigm, guided by international consensus and expert insights, emphasises the importance of tailoring therapeutic goals to individual patient needs and disease severity. As our understanding of IBD's underlying mechanisms deepens and therapeutic options expand, treatment goals have evolved to include not only clinical response but also the pursuit of more objective endpoints such as endoscopic healing. Emerging targets, such as the assessment of transmural healing through cross-sectional imaging and the focus on histologic remission as a predictor of long-term outcomes, hold great promise in further refining IBD management strategies. However, further research is needed to recommend these treatment targets in clinical practice. In the review we explore the ongoing evolution of treatment targets in IBD aimed at optimising patient outcomes and ultimately improving quality of life (QoL).
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN TURKEY, EAST MEDITERANEAN AND NEAR EAST AREA
Authors: TOGROL RİFAT
Published: December 2023

Today, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the leading non-traumatic causes of permanent neurological disability in young and middle-aged populations. A 2020 statistical survey figures show that it affects 2.8 million people worldwide. This figure corresponds to an average of 1/3000 people, which figure is likely to rise further. Globally, the median estimated prevalence of MS is approximately 36 per 100,000 according to the international data, with 2.9 million people living with MS in the World in 2023. Regionally, the estimated median prevalence of MS is highest in Europe and the Americas. Regional differences in incidence generally run parallel to prevalence. A median prevalence and incidence was reported for Eastern Mediterranean area and Middle East but in the last decades this has tended to change. Also the incidence has increased in Mediterranean islands, but not all. Its prevalence increased from 40 per 100,000 to 100 per 100,000 in Turkey while in Greece, Cyprus, Basra Gulf and Middle East in general, a similarly increasing trend was observed in the recent years. The highest prevalence rates were reported in Iran (148.06 per 100,000) and higher incidence rates were estimated at 6.88 per 100,000 population in Kuwait. The same inceasing can be seen in some parts of Russia and Western Asia. In fact, the increasing trend in incidence can be seen even in the Far East, in China and Japan, where the prevalence and incidence were originally low. The gender distribution of MS in the region is also tending to change in the recent years, with more females having MS. Of the various risk factors cited for multiple sclerosis, especially migration seems to an important risk factor for the region, although there are some exceptions.
Two-Endoscope Technique of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for the Treatment of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Lam Kum , Lau George
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is precancerous with a worldwide prevalence of 25%. Eradicating Helicobacter pylori prevented about half of gastric cancers; failure to prevent the rest was attributed to GIM. GIM is irreversible and often extensive. There is no treatment. Existing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is designed to treat early gastric cancer of usually <2 cm. A two‐endoscope technique of EMR for extensive GIM had been designed and successfully applied. Our aim is to describe the technique in detail. Two-endoscope technique of endoscopic mucosal resection: Patients with histologically confirmed moderate to severe GIM (operative link on GIM [OLGIM] classification) received the treatment in a daycare center. Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue was first performed to disclose and mark the GIM. Submucosal saline injections were used to lift the stained mucosa to form multiple safety cushions, which were then transformed into artificial polyps by suction and ligation, using a cap for ligation of esophageal varices. EMRs were then achieved by snare polypectomy. By rotating two gastroscopes, one designated to perform lift and snare and the other to perform suction and ligation, cycles of lift–ligate–snare were carried out until all stained mucosa was removed. Assessment chromoendoscopy with ≥seven biopsies was performed at 6 months. Results: A total of 227 EMRs were performed in 40 patients, with a median of 3.5 per patient. Bleeding was uncommon and minimal. Gastric perforation ascribable to loss of a safety cushion occurred in one patient. Chromoendoscopy at 6 months in 36 willing patients showed no recurrence of GIM. Conclusion: The two‐endoscope technique of EMR for GIM was essentially safe and effective, with no recurrence at 6 months. It could be performed by endoscopists with standard skills.
A Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance in Endodontically Treated Teeth Reinforced by Novel Hybrid Post and with Various Pre-Fabricated Post Techniques: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Jakkamsetty Chinmay , Garapati Harshitha , Seera Sudhakar , Korrai Balaraju , Kalla Bhavana
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Teeth with a final post-endodontic restoration cannot support significant structural loss brought on by fracture, caries, big pre-existing restorations, or aggressive cavity preparation. Post and core restoration allows for the restoration of such teeth. Reduced dentine size, moisture, and compromise on supporting structures such the oblique bridge, marginal ridges, and pulp chamber roof result in a reduction in their resistance because of structural loss. Under such circumstances, choosing a good post-endodontic restorative material can be difficult. Materials and Methods: In terms of post-treatment procedures, 40 single-rooted decoronated mandibular premolar teeth were endodontically treated and randomly divided into four groups. As a control, the first group had a composite core but no post; groups two and three had prefabricated metal threaded posts; group four had prefabricated hybrid posts. The posts were affixed using dual-cure resin cement, and the core build-up material was nano composite. Each group's core structure was standardised, and metal crowns of the same size were used to reinforce it. A universal testing machine was used to test every specimen, and the fracture load was tabulated. Statistical analysis used: one way ANOVA analysis Results: The highest failure load was found with prefabricated hybrid post. This group had significantly higher load compared to other post groups. Followed by prefabricated fibre post and prefabricated metal threaded post. Conclusions: Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth reinforced with hybrid post showed significant values when compared to that of prefabricated glass fiber posts, prefabricated threaded post and control teeth.
Rooted in the Existential True Self Case Report about Potential of Religious Faith for Geriatric Psychological Counselling
Authors: Switkiewicz Joana
Published: December 2023

For older people, religious faith is a significant part of their identity. There is a lack of research that reveals the faith of practicing Roman Catholics as a multi-component phenomenon that can develop, through an internal perspective in personal and social context. Aim: to explore how religious faith is experienced in the life of an older practicing Roman Catholic. Methods: A qualitative approach was selected for this case study. Data was gathered through faith development interviews, and it was analysed using these methods: thematic narrative analysis, structural and content analysis. The faith of an older practicing Roman Catholic (woman, 84 years old) is analysed. Results: The case study revealed that religious faith is meaningful to the practicing older Roman Catholic woman as a multi-component faith construct, consisting of internal and external aspects, the essential of which is the internal relationship with God, which forms an integral spiritual, moral and social identity of a person; through the course of life it becomes a continuously nurtured value at each stage of life; through faith development as a conscious, social and integrated faith in her life; through an internal psychosocial perspective providing internal psychological resources that help her overcome difficulties, maintain well-being in her life and give the meaning to her life. Conclusion: The potential of religious faith in counselling the older practicing Roman Catholic lies in the awareness of personal feelings, beliefs, behaviours, the image of God, self-worth, early experiences, and the relationships related to religious faith in the context of a person’s life.
SORNE CONSIDERATIONS ON THE EX-SITU MANAGEMENT AND CARE OF GLASSFROG EGG MASSES AND TADPOLES (ANURA: CENTROLENIDAE)
Authors: Rada Marco , Sánchez-Pacheco Santiago J. , Velásquez-Álvarez Álvaro Andrés
Published: December 2023

A methodology is presented for the captive management of anuran larvae of the family Centrolenidae under controlled conditions. The importance to make and enhance this process as a useful tool to describe and compare centrolenid larvae is discussed.
NUEVOS REGISTROS DE ESCARABAJOS COPRÓFAGOS (SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINAE) PARA LA REGIÓN ANDINA DE COLOMBIA. PARTE I
Authors: Pulido Herrera Luz Astrid , Medina Claudia Alejandra , Riveros Raúl Antonio
Published: December 2023

Se presenta el listado actualizado de las especies de escarabajos coprófagos Scarabaeinae de la región andina de Colombia. Incluye los resultados de los Archivos de Autoridad Taxonómica (AAT) y registros de especies nuevas provenientes de la revisión de la colección del Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH) y resultados de trabajos de investigación de los autores. Se incluyen además nuevas sinonimias para las especies de la región andina. La evaluación del estado del conocimiento taxonómico del grupo desde el artículo publicado por Medina et al. (2001) es discutida.
MODELADO Y SIMULACIÓN DE MICROESTRUCTURAS PARA LA MANIPULACIÓN DE MICROPARTÍCULAS
Authors: Fernández Morales Flavio Humberto , Duarte Julio Enrique , Samitier Martí Josep
Published: December 2023

En el presente trabajo se describen los principales resultados del proceso de modelado, simulación y prueba de una microestructura de electrodos de platino, fabricada con tecnología de microsistemas y pensada para ser aplicada en la manipulación de microorganismos. Esta manipulación se realiza a través de campos eléctricos no uniformes, generados por electrodos interdigitados de 70 mm, los cuales inducen el fenómeno conocido como dielectroforesis común. Las distribuciones de potencial, campo eléctrico y fuerza dielectroforética sobre los electrodos fueron calculadas con el método de los elementos finitos. Igualmente se describen los resultados más relevantes obtenidos con partículas de poliestireno, las cuales fue posible manipular por medio de campos eléctricos no uniformes de frecuencia variable.
BIOEROSIÓN POR POLIQUETOS ESPIÓNIDOS (POLYCHAETA, SPIONIDAE) EN MOLUSCOS MARINOS DEL CUATERNARIO CARIBEÑO DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Domènec Rosa , Martinell Jordi
Published: December 2023

Caulostrepsis es el icnogénero que designa las perforaciones realizadas por presumibles poliquetos espiónidos. Entre otros substratos, es frecuente su presencia tanto en conchas de moluscos actuales como fósiles. En el presente trabajo se estudia este tipo de trazas en especímenes recolectados en sedimentos marinos cuaternarios de Colombia. Este hallazgo representa el primer registro de cualquier tipo de bioerosión en fósiles colombianos.
GEOTECNIA EN SUELOS NO SATURADOS
Authors: Alfaro Soto Miguel Angel
Published: December 2023

Se presenta una síntesis sobre tópicos referentes a la mecánica de suelos no saturados con la finalidad de incentivar su adopción en la Geotecnia. Se muestran aspectos más relevantes relativos al tema tales como: características del suelo no saturado, conceptos de succión, variables de estados de tensión y algunas teorías para retratar algunas propiedades mecánicas como variación de volumen y resistencia al corte y por otro lado, propiedades hidráulicas como permeabilidad en suelos no saturados.
ESQUEMAS DE REACCIÓN PARA LICUEFACCIÓN Y GASIFICACIÓN HIDROTÉRMICA DE MACROMOLÉCULAS ORGÁNICAS. UNA REVISIÓN
Authors: Castro V Alejandro Amadeus , Rodríguez V Luis Ignacio , Díaz V José de Jesús
Published: December 2023

Las macromoléculas orgánicas son las principales componentes de la biomasa, entre ellas: carbohidratos, lignina y proteínas. La abundancia de enlaces tipo éter y éster en sus mesómeros los hacen susceptibles de ser despolimerizados y la aplicación de un ambiente hidrotérmico permite escoger la ruta predominante: hidrólisis o deshidratación, descarboxilación y escisión de grupos funcionales. En esta revisión se compilan esquemas de reacción hidrotérmicos, especialmente para polisacáridos y lignanos, los cuales son los principales contribuyentes a la diversidad química de los productos de conversión hidrotérmica de biomasa lignocelulósica y sus propiedades combustibles, debido a que la reducción en el contenido de oxígeno y el consecuente aumento del poder calorífico esta ligado a las reacciones de estas moléculas. La fracción hidrofóbica de los productos obtenidos por licuefacción y gasificación hidrotérmica parcial de los constituyentes de la biomasa puede utilizarse como bio-combustible.
“CONSTRUCTION D’OBJET” ET OBJECTIVIT´E EN PHYSIQUE QUANTIQUE
Authors: Paty Michel
Published: December 2023

Le domaine de la physique quantique ne peut ˆetre approch´e qu’indirectement, `a l’aide de constructions abstraites de concepts; ces derniers sont organis´es en une th´eorie coh´erente et puissante, qui paraˆıt correspondre `a la “ ´ecessit´e des ph´enom`enes”, c’est-`a-dire `a quelque chose d’objectif. Dans l’“interpr´etation de la m´ecanique quantique”, cette objectivit´e (dans un sens g´en´eral) est admise, mais ce `a quoi elle renvoie fait probl`eme: s’agit-il de ph´enom`enes donn´es dans leur observation ou d’objets physiques r´eels (dont il faudrait alors pr´eciser dans quel sens on l’entend)? On examine si ce d´ebat peut ˆetre articul´e sur celui entre construction ou objectivit´e pos´e de nos jours `a la philosophie de la connaissance par les ´etudes sociales sur les sciences. Un ´el´ement important d’appr´eciation est fourni par l’examen de la nature de la correspondance entre les concepts th´eoriques et ce qu’ils ´esignent: dans quelle mesure la repr´esentation, d’abord abstraite, par construction, devient-elle ensuite “directe”, “concr` ete”, “intuitive”, selon la connaissance ph´enom´enale elle-mˆeme `a laquelle elle en vient `a correspondre?
EFECTO DE LOS PARÁMETROS DE SÍNTESIS SOBRE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL BaTiO3 OBTENIDO POR COPRECIPITACIÓN
Authors: Rivera Edison , Fernández-Perdomo Claudia Patricia , Rodríguez-Páez Jorge Enrique
Published: December 2023

Las características de los polvos cerámicos sintetizados por rutas químicas están determinadas por la naturaleza de los precursores, el pH del sistema, la temperatura a la que se realizan los tratamientos térmicos, el solvente utilizado durante el proceso, principalmente. En este trabajo se determinaron las condiciones más adecuadas para sintetizar BaTiO3 por el método de coprecipitación. Se consideraron, principalmente, la fase cristalina del TiO2 de partida, el pH del sistema y la temperatura de tratamiento térmico y el efecto de estos parámetros sobre las características del polvo de titanato de bario obtenido. Los polvos sintetizados se caracterizaron empleando espectroscopia infrarroja (FTIR), difracción de rayos X (DRX) y microscopía electrónica de transmisión (MET). Las partículas de BaTiO3 obtenidas fueron nanométricas y el método de síntesis utilizado permitió garantizar la reproducibilidad de las características microestructurales y de pureza del polvo final.
FILOSOFÍA DE LA QUÍMICA: UN ÁREA AMPLIAMENTE OLVIDADA
Authors: Vivas-Reyes Ricardo
Published: December 2023

La filosofía de la química es un campo relativamente nuevo de la filosofía de la ciencia, el cual ha concentrado mucho de su esfuerzo en asuntos tales como la autonomía y la identidad de la química como ciencia y su relación con su imagen manifiesta, de manera tal que pueda ser una herramienta útil que ayude a solucionar los problemas de sobrevivencia de la química como ciencia autónoma, que permita de esta forma mejorar la imagen que tienen la química y los químicos hoy en día.La filosofía de la química, en este sentido, tiene un gran rol que cumplir en asuntos tales como el mejoramiento de la comunicación entre los químicos y el público en general.
PRIMER REGISTRO DE SITIO DORMIDERO PARA UNA COLONIA DEL LORITO CADILLERO, BOLBORHYNCHUS FERRUGINEIFRONS, Y ALGUNAS OBSERVACIONES ECOLÓGICAS Y COMPORTAMENTALES
Authors: Bejarano-Bonilla David A. , Jiménez-Bonilla Annie M.
Published: December 2023

En el municipio de Santa Isabel (Tolima-Colombia), se encontró el sitio dormidero para una colonia del Lorito cadillero, Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons. El sitio, una pared rocosa, está ubicada a 3.450 m.s.n.m. La pared se caracteriza por ser lavas de composición andesítica-basáltica con estructura columnar (NqQn) de edad entre el Mioceno y el Pleistoceno. Se observaron dos tipos de nidos: unos en grietas y otros en cámaras entre una matriz de tierra y hojarasca. El número de individuos observados por nido fue entre 2 y 8 loros. Además, se registran seis nuevas especies de plantas que forrajea el lorito: Baccharis tricuneata, Buddleja bullata, Hesperomeles ferruginea, Lachemilla orbiculata, Taraxacum officinale y Trifolium repens. Este hallazgo y observaciones comenzarán a abrir el camino para investigar aspectos importantes para la conservación de este psitácido endémico y amenazado de Colombia.
UNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IN THE REALM OF THE QUANTA
Authors: Reina John H.
Published: December 2023

Information is a physical. Physical systems register and process information. These facts generated enormus interest in the development of novel quantum tecnologies, especially because the construction of smaller electronic devices ultimately leads to a consideration of quantum mechanical effects in electronic and computer desingns. The notion of the classical bit of information theory was formally pushed into the realm of the quanta with the introduction of the quantum bit or qubit, in the seminal works of Deutsch (Deutsch, 1985) and Shor (Shor, 1994). They demostrated that, indeed, controlled multipartite qubit interference effects could provide the means for a radical new way of computing, allowing the computation of many intractable computational problems, such as the factoring of large number or exact simulation of large quantum systems. The field of experimental and theoretical research in quantum information and computation has emerged as very important player in the understanding of quantum phenomena the both the basic and technological levels. This has attracted the attention of numerous researchers with backgrounds ranging from computer science, mathematics and engineerin, to the physical sciences, and we now have an interdisciplinary field where great efforts are being made in order to build devices that allow the progressing of information at a quantum level.

A concise introduction to the field of quantum information and quantum computation is presented. This stars with the bassic definitions of bits, quantum registers, through to the universal gate-set for building the universal quantum computer, from a quantum network model of computation. The work shows how two-qubit gates suffice for quantum computation, emphasing the power of the quantum circuit representation for entagling and disentagling quantum states. This leads to the “no-cloning theorem”, which leads us to many interesting applications, such as quantum cryptography. Two alternative approaches or performing quantum computation are also described i) the one-way or measurement based quantum computer method, and ii) holonomic or geometric quantum computation. Following this, quantum entaglement quantification  is highlighted, particulary its usefulness as a communication resource, in order to describe some of its most celebrated practical  applications to date: quantum teleportation, cryptography, dens coding, and data compression. Deutsch’s concept of quantum parallelism is enphasized in order to gain insight into the potential for efficiently solving certain classically intratable algorithms. A subject central to the field of QIP- quantum decoherence- is then introduced.. Possible ways to overcome it, in particular quantum error correction, are discussed. A descriptios of some of the currently available hardware of the practical implementation of quantum computation is provided with a discussion of the main physical quantum bits that are currently employed (or proposed) for a such a purpose.
ANÁLISIS DE ALGUNOS COMPONENTES DE RESISTENCIA EN LOS HÍBRIDOS DE PLÁTANO FHIA-20 Y DE BANANO FHIA-23 A LAS SIGATOKAS NEGRA (MYCOSPHAERELLA FIJIENSIS MORELET) Y AMARILLA (MYCOSPHAERELLA MUSICOLA LEACH)
Authors: Guzmán Piedrahita Oscar Adrián , Castaño Zapata Jairo
Published: December 2023

Se determinó el comportamiento de FHIA-20 y FHIA-23 a Mycosphaerella fijiensis y M. musicola. El estudio se realizó en una casa de malla en la granja Montelindo de la Universidad de Caldas, a 1010 msnm, temperatura media de 22.8 °C, precipitación anual de 2200 mm, humedad relativa del 76%. Se inoculó conidias de Paracercospora fijiensis y Pseudocercospora musae, y la combinación de ambos, en plántulas entre cuatro y seis hojas. Se evaluó período de incubación (PI), tiempos de evolución de síntomas (TES) y desarrollo de las enfermedades (TDE), además, número de lesiones por hoja (NLH). En FHIA-20, P. musae, P. fijiensis y P. musae + P. fijiensis tuvieron un PI más largo que en Dominico Hartón, superior en 3, 20 y 10 días, respectivamente; así mismo, el TES de las sigatokas amarilla y negra y la combinación de ambas, fue más prolongado en FHIA-20, en 5, 49 y 26 días que en el material local, respectivamente. En FHIA-23, P. musae, P. fijiensis y P. musae + P. fijiensis presentaron 2, 6 y 3 días más de PI, respectivamente, que en Gros Michel; además, FHIA-23 presentó un TDE de las sigatokas amarilla y negra y la combinación de ambas, superiores a Gros Michel en 9, 16 y 11 días, respectivamente; comportándose FHIA-20 altamente resistente y tolerante a las sigatokas negra y amarilla, respectivamente, y FHIA-23 resistente.
ARQUEOFAUNA ENCONTRADA EN PUERTO CHACHO, SITIO ARQUEOLÓGICO DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO (3300 a. C.)
Authors: Álvarez León Ricardo , Maldonado Pachón Hernando
Published: December 2023

En Colombia hasta el momento los sitios arqueológicos del Formativo se encuentran principalmente ubicados a lo largo del Canal del Dique, tal es el caso de Puerto Hormiga, Monsú y Puerto Chacho, otros como Canapote y Barlovento están localizados un poco más al norte muy cerca de Cartagena, y Cangarú entre Barranquilla y Ciénaga, también son representativos de los concheros costeros del Caribe colombiano. Entre los principales vestigios encontrados en el conchero de Puerto Chacho están fragmentos cerámicos, una vasija completa, conchas y algunos otros hallazgos culturales, aparte de restos de fauna acuática, anfibia y terrestre, como los moluscos (12 familias, 14 géneros, 13 especies), crustáceos (2 familias, 2 géneros, 1 especie), peces (17 familias, 20 géneros, 27 especies), reptiles (2 familias, 4 géneros, 4 especies), mamíferos (3 familias, 4 géneros, 2 especies). Dicha fauna pertenece a tres entornos ecológicos diferentes; río, mar y ciénaga, lo que implicaría un aprovechamiento intensivo de los recursos de la zona, siendo necesaria una tecnología especial para cada lugar, y al mismo tiempo un indispensable conocimiento de la estacionalidad de las diferentes especies.
LA HISTORIA CENOZOICA DEL FENÓMENO DE EL NIÑO
Authors: Martínez R José Ignacio
Published: December 2023

Durante la era Cenozoica cuatro intervalos de tiempo: el Eoceno temprano (~50 Ma), el Plioceno temprano (~5-3 Ma), el ultimo glacial  máximo (~20 ka) y el Holoceno (<10 ka), han sido examinados en detalle en un esfuerzo para entender el fenómeno de El Niño bajo diversas condiciones frontera. Para el Eoceno y Plioceno tempranos se argumenta la posible existencia de condiciones permanentes tipo - El Niño, mientras que para el ultimo glacial las evidencias de condiciones tipo - El Niño o La Niña son aun contradictorias. Solo para el Holoceno (después de ~6.6 ka) se reconoce el inicio del fenómeno de El Niño en su frecuencia actual, como también su posible relación con mecanismos forzantes como la radiación solar y la actividad volcánica. Se discuten las evidencias paleoceanográficas y continentales del fenómeno, así como también su posible relación con pulsos orogénicos en el norte de Suramérica.
CIMENTACIÓN DE LA FÓRMULA EMPÍRICA DE ÅNGSTRÖM REFERENTE A LA RADIACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA EN SUPERFICIE
Authors: Pelkowski Joaquín
Published: December 2023

En muchos campos prácticos, agrometeorología en particular, es preciso estimar la radiación atmosférica que llega al suelo, sobre la base de elementos meteorológicos de fácil acceso. La temperatura y humedad relativa, registradas regularmente al nivel de las garitas meteorológicas, han servido como parámetros de entrada en fórmulas empíricas que facilitan la estimación de la radiación devuelta por la atmósfera.Una de tales fórmulas, clásica como otras que llevan el nombre de su artífice, es la de Ångström. Las tentativas de fundamentarla teóricamente no son convincentes. En este ensayo se intenta nuevamente una fundamentación, partiendo de un  modelo bipotámico de radiación infrarroja atmosférica.
EVALUACIÓN DE CALIDAD POR ESPECTROSCOPÍA RAMAN Y MICROSCOPÍA DE FUERZA ATÓMICA DE PELÍCULAS DE DIAMANTE CRECIDAS POR HOT FILAMENT-CVD
Authors: Rivera Wayner , Devia Alfonso , Pérez José
Published: December 2023

En este trabajo se reporta el crecimiento de películas de diamante depositadas sobre silicio cristalino (111) por la técnica de HFCVD. La espectroscopía Raman permite evaluar la progresiva degradación de la calidad de las películas por el efecto combinado del aumento de la concentración de metano y la disminución de la temperatura del sustrato. Las películas de mejor calidad presentan un pico Raman agudo y estrecho con un FWHM de 8.07 cm-1, coincidente en su posición en 1332 cm-1 con el pico del diamante natural. La caracterización por AFM permite establecer criterios finos de calidad de las películas en función del tamaño de los granos y de la rugosidad de la superficie. El análisis por AFM de películas crecidas en iguales condiciones termodinámicas revela diferencias significativas de morfología. Las películas de diamante depositadas por HFCVD parecen reproducibles si se aplican los criterios de calidad de la espectroscopía Raman pero presentan diferencias significativas en la escala de resolución del AFM.
SÍNTESIS DE HIDROGELES A PARTIR DE ACRILAMIDA Y ÁCIDO ALILMALÓNICO Y SU UTILIZACIÓN EN LA LIBERACIÓN CONTROLADA DE FÁRMACOS
Authors: A. Muñoz Gustavo , Zuluaga Fabio
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se describe la preparación de hidrogeles a partir de acrilamida (AA) y ácido alilmalónico (AAM) en diferentes proporciones, por polimerización vía radicales libres en solución acuosa. El ácido alilmalónico se preparó por síntesis malónica a partir de malonato de dimetilo y bromuro de alilo. Los hidrogeles obtenidos se caracterizaron por espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y por calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC). Se estudió la cinética de hinchamiento de los hidrogeles en agua desionizada, a 27ºC, y 37ºC con diferentes valores de pH. Finalmente se estudió la cinética de liberación de ácido acetilsalicílico como ingrediente activo a 37ºC y pH = 7.4 (buffer de fosfatos).
Case Report of Rare Necrotizing Fasciitis with Pseudomonas in a Healthy Infant
Authors: Khodabandeh Mahmood , Afshoon Maryam
Published: December 2023

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and lethal bacterial infection of the subcutaneous tissue and fascia in pediatrics, particularly when Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is involved. The similarity between cellulitis and Necrotizing fasciitis can lead to misdiagnosis. A 5-month-old male is introduced, presenting with fever and ecchymoses on his left thigh, which was treated as cellulitis. However, the diagnosis was changed to necrotizing fasciitis due to rapid progression in infection and pseudomonas growth in cultures. The antibiotics were leveled up, and the surgeon debrided and grafted the skin. Finally, the patient was discharged in good condition. In the early stages of soft tissue infections, it is not possible to distinguish Necrotizing fasciitis from cellulitis, so empirical antibiotics should be started to cover poly-microbial infections, and the patient should be observed closely. When the infection does not respond to the antibiotics appropriately over 24 hours, the surgeon.
Various Ischemic Events Following Facial Autologous Fat Injection: A Case Report
Authors: Tabaraee Arash , Rezai Mahdi , Amiri Hasan , Ahmadivash Taha Mohammad , Dezfooli Seyedamir Tabibzadeh
Published: December 2023

Facial rejuvenation and augmentation with autologous fat injection are common and effective techniques worldwide. This procedure has few complications and is usually used for soft-tissue augmentation. Although this procedure is considered safe, many patients have experienced different complications such as visual loss, stroke, or skin necrosis after these procedures. Herein, a case of embolic stroke along with blindness and facial necrosis due to facial filler injection is described. In this case, a patient developed decreased level of consciousness, left hemiparesis, and blindness that was finally diagnosed based on imaging as embolic stroke following facial autologous fat injection. The symptoms improved partially and gradually by conservative treatment and the patient was discharged with some sequels.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Following Spinal Anesthesia: Two Case Reports
Authors: Nejad Payam Sasan , Zamani Vahide , Ameli Zeinab , Ebrahimi Parisa
Published: December 2023

Spinal anesthesia has been performed on patients who undergo cesarean section, for years. A variety of complications are reported which are followed by spinal anesthesia; but subarachnoid hemorrhage is not one of them. In this study, we present two cases of Subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting from spinal anesthesia. In both cases, patients suffered from a thunderclap sudden-onset headache after undergoing cesarean section. Imaging and laboratory investigations were performed in order to determine the reason contributing to the headache, which revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage. After investigation and excluding other underlying causes, normal imaging studies suggested that the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage as a possible complication of spinal anesthesia should be considered.
Using Gene Expression Profiling, İdentify Genetic Changes İn Multiple Sclerosis (MS) And Determine Molecular Pathways
Authors: Kucukakcali Zeynep , Balikci Cicek Ipek
Published: December 2023

Aim: In this study, an open-access dataset of RNAseq data from proggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) samples and matched normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) samples was used to identify genetic alterations that play a role in the development of MS, the prevalence is on the rise in both industrialized and emerging nations.
Material and methods: The dataset utilized in this investigation comprises nine samples of lesions and corresponding samples of NAWM tissue. The gene expression analysis was conducted on the dataset using the limma package in the R programming language. The clusterProfiler software was utilized to do enrichment analysis.
Results: 493 genes showed different up- or down-regulation in lesion tissues compared to NAWM tissues. According to the results of the enrichment analysis with these genes, the processes that play a role in progressive MS cancer are intracelluler anatomical structure, membrane bounded organelle, non-membrane bounded organelle, intracelluler non-membrane bounded organelle.
Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that the genetic structure of progressive MS tissues (lesion) changes compared to NAWM tissues, with the information obtained from gene expression analysis and enrichment analysis. It might be argued that the therapeutic efficacy of the disease can be enhanced by the comprehensive and diverse analysis of biomarkers.
Implementation of the Pentahelix Model in Community-Based Downstreaming of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Kerinci Regency
Authors: Oktavia Yenny , Wahyuni Sri , Bahrizal Herri , Fairuzi Sofyan , Tata
Published: December 2023

Accelerated downstreaming of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) products can be achieved if cooperation and coordination between relevant stakeholders (multi-stakeholders) goes well, so that sustainable adoption of innovation can occur. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of multi-party communication in community-based downstreaming of non-timber forest products. The research was carried out in August-October 2023 in Kerinci Regency. This research used a qualitative method, with key informants being the Head of the Kerinci Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP), the Social Forestry Business Group (KUPS), Companions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), as well as community members of the HHBK processing business. Data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), using questionnaires, interview guides and observations. Secondary data was obtained from KPHP, Forestry Service and Kerinci Agriculture Service. Data were analyzed using N-Vivo analysis. The research results show that multi-party communication between non-timber forest product managers has not been effective. The interaction patterns of parties in the forest management network are not evenly distributed. The forest farmer group assisted by KPHP Kerinci has attempted to downstream processed products such as robusta coffee, kawa leaf, honey, cinnamon bark, cinnamon tea, coffee leaf dent, various taro chips, serundeng and so on, but are still constrained by market access and capital. , as well as its institutions. This means that the success of social forestry is not enough to only rely on strengthening one aspect, but must go hand in hand and complement each other.