bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taken for Grantedness
Authors: Ling Richard
Published: January 2019

An examination of how the mobile phone has become part of the fabric of society—as did such earlier technologies as the clock and the car.

Why do we feel insulted or exasperated when our friends and family don't answer their mobile phones? If the Internet has allowed us to broaden our social world into a virtual friend-net, the mobile phone is an instrument of a more intimate social sphere. The mobile phone provides a taken-for-granted link to the people to whom we are closest; when we are without it, social and domestic disarray may result. In just a few years, the mobile phone has become central to the functioning of society. In this book, Rich Ling explores the process by which the mobile phone has become embedded in society, comparing it to earlier technologies that changed the character of our social interaction and, along the way, became taken for granted.

Ling, drawing on research, interviews, and quantitative material, shows how the mobile phone (and the clock and the automobile before it) can be regarded as a social mediation technology, with a critical mass of users, a supporting ideology, changes in the social ecology, and a web of mutual expectations regarding use. By examining the similarities and synergies among these three technologies, Ling sheds a more general light on how technical systems become embedded in society and how they support social interaction within the closest sphere of friends and family.
Open for Business
Authors: Layzer Judith A.
Published: January 2019

A detailed analysis of the policy effects of conservatives' decades-long effort to dismantle the federal regulatory framework for environmental protection.

Since the 1970s, conservative activists have invoked free markets and distrust of the federal government as part of a concerted effort to roll back environmental regulations. They have promoted a powerful antiregulatory storyline to counter environmentalists' scenario of a fragile earth in need of protection, mobilized grassroots opposition, and mounted creative legal challenges to environmental laws. But what has been the impact of all this activity on policy? In this book, Judith Layzer offers a detailed and systematic analysis of conservatives' prolonged campaign to dismantle the federal regulatory framework for environmental protection.

Examining conservatives' influence from the Nixon era to the Obama administration, Layzer describes a set of increasingly sophisticated tactics—including the depiction of environmentalists as extremist elitists, a growing reliance on right-wing think tanks and media outlets, the cultivation of sympathetic litigators and judges, and the use of environmentally friendly language to describe potentially harmful activities. She argues that although conservatives have failed to repeal or revamp any of the nation's environmental statutes, they have influenced the implementation of those laws in ways that increase the risks we face, prevented or delayed action on newly recognized problems, and altered the way Americans think about environmental problems and their solutions. Layzer's analysis sheds light not only on the politics of environmental protection but also, more generally, on the interaction between ideas and institutions in the development of policy.
Taking [A]part
Authors: McCarthy John , Wright Peter
Published: January 2019

A critical inquiry into the value and experience of participation in design research.

In Taking [A]part, John McCarthy and Peter Wright consider a series of boundary-pushing research projects in human-computer interaction (HCI) in which the design of digital technology is used to inquire into participative experience. McCarthy and Wright view all of these projects—which range from the public and performative to the private and interpersonal—through the critical lens of participation. Taking participation, in all its variety, as the generative and critical concept allows them to examine the projects as a part of a coherent, responsive movement, allied with other emerging movements in DIY culture and participatory art. Their investigation leads them to rethink such traditional HCI categories as designer and user, maker and developer, researcher and participant, characterizing these relationships instead as mutually responsive and dialogical.

McCarthy and Wright explore four genres of participation—understanding the other, building relationships, belonging in community, and participating in publics—and they examine participatory projects that exemplify each genre. These include the Humanaquarium, a participatory musical performance; the Personhood project, in which a researcher and a couple explored the experience of living with dementia; the Prayer Companion project, which developed a technology to inform the prayer life of cloistered nuns; and the development of social media to support participatory publics in settings that range from reality game show fans to on-line deliberative democracies.
Getting it Wrong
Authors: Barnett William A.
Published: January 2019

A leading economist contends that the recent financial crisis was caused not by the failure of mainstream economics but by corrupted monetary data constructed without reference to economics.

Blame for the recent financial crisis and subsequent recession has commonly been assigned to everyone from Wall Street firms to individual homeowners. It has been widely argued that the crisis and recession were caused by “greed” and the failure of mainstream economics. In Getting It Wrong, leading economist William Barnett argues instead that there was too little use of the relevant economics, especially from the literature on economic measurement. Barnett contends that as financial instruments became more complex, the simple-sum monetary aggregation formulas used by central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, became obsolete. Instead, a major increase in public availability of best-practice data was needed. Households, firms, and governments, lacking the requisite information, incorrectly assessed systemic risk and significantly increased their leverage and risk-taking activities. Better financial data, Barnett argues, could have signaled the misperceptions and prevented the erroneous systemic-risk assessments.

When extensive, best-practice information is not available from the central bank, increased regulation can constrain the adverse consequences of ill-informed decisions. Instead, there was deregulation. The result, Barnett argues, was a worst-case toxic mix: increasing complexity of financial instruments, inadequate and poor-quality data, and declining regulation.

Following his accessible narrative of the deep causes of the crisis and the long history of private and public errors, Barnett provides technical appendixes, containing the mathematical analysis supporting his arguments.
Universals in Comparative Morphology
Authors: Bobaljik Jonathan David
Published: January 2019

An argument for, and account of linguistic universals in the morphology of comparison, combining empirical breadth and theoretical rigor.

This groundbreaking study of the morphology of comparison yields a surprising result: that even in suppletion (the wholesale replacement of one stem by a phonologically unrelated stem, as in good-better-best) there emerge strikingly robust patterns, virtually exceptionless generalizations across languages. Jonathan David Bobaljik describes the systematicity in suppletion, and argues that at least five generalizations are solid contenders for the status of linguistic universals. The major topics discussed include suppletion, comparative and superlative formation, deadjectival verbs, and lexical decomposition. Bobaljik's primary focus is on morphological theory, but his argument also aims to integrate evidence from a variety of subfields into a coherent whole.

In the course of his analysis, Bobaljik argues that the assumptions needed bear on choices among theoretical frameworks and that the framework of Distributed Morphology has the right architecture to support the account. In addition to the theoretical implications of the generalizations, Bobaljik suggests that the striking patterns of regularity in what otherwise appears to be the most irregular of linguistic domains provide compelling evidence for Universal Grammar.

The book strikes a unique balance between empirical breadth and theoretical detail. The phenomenon that is the main focus of the argument, suppletion in adjectival gradation, is rare enough that Bobaljik is able to present an essentially comprehensive description of the facts; at the same time, it is common enough to offer sufficient variation to explore the question of universals over a significant dataset of more than three hundred languages.
The Design Way
Authors: Nelson Harold G. , Stolterman Erik
Published: January 2019

A book that lays out the fundamental concepts of design culture and outlines a design-driven way to approach the world.

Humans did not discover fire—they designed it. Design is not defined by software programs, blueprints, or font choice. When we create new things—technologies, organizations, processes, systems, environments, ways of thinking—we engage in design. With this expansive view of design as their premise, in The Design Way Harold Nelson and Erik Stolterman make the case for design as its own culture of inquiry and action. They offer not a recipe for design practice or theorizing but a formulation of design culture's fundamental core of ideas. These ideas—which form “the design way”—are applicable to an infinite variety of design domains, from such traditional fields as architecture and graphic design to such nontraditional design areas as organizational, educational, interaction, and healthcare design.

The text of this second edition is accompanied by new detailed images, “schemas” that visualize, conceptualize, and structure the authors' understanding of design inquiry. The text itself has been revised and expanded throughout, in part in response to reader feedback.
Making IT Work
Authors: Yost Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2019

The evolution of the multi-billion-dollar computer services industry, from consulting and programming to data analytics and cloud computing, with case studies of important companies.

The computer services industry has worldwide annual revenues of nearly a trillion dollars and employs millions of workers, but is often overshadowed by the hardware and software products industries. In this book, Jeffrey Yost shows how computer services, from consulting and programming to data analytics and cloud computing, have played a crucial role in shaping information technology—in making IT work. Tracing the evolution of the computer services industry from the 1950s to the present, Yost provides case studies of important companies (including IBM, Hewlett Packard, Andersen/Accenture, EDS, Infosys, and others) and profiles of such influential leaders as John Diebold, Ross Perot, and Virginia Rometty. He offers a fundamental reinterpretation of IBM as a supplier of computer services rather than just a producer of hardware, exploring how IBM bundled services with hardware for many years before becoming service-centered in the 1990s.

Yost describes the emergence of companies that offered consulting services, data processing, programming, and systems integration. He examines the development of industry-defining trade associations; facilities management and the firm that invented it, Ross Perot's EDS; time sharing, a precursor of the cloud; IBM's early computer services; and independent contractor brokerages. Finally, he explores developments since the 1980s: the transformations of IBM and Hewlett Packard; the offshoring of enterprises and labor; major Indian IT service providers and the changing geographical deployment of U.S.-based companies; and the paradigm-changing phenomenon of cloud service.
Virtual Economies
Authors: Lehdonvirta Vili , Castronova Edward
Published: January 2019

How the basic concepts of economics—including markets, institutions, and money—can be used to create and analyze economies based on virtual goods.

In the twenty-first-century digital world, virtual goods are sold for real money. Digital game players happily pay for avatars, power-ups, and other game items. But behind every virtual sale, there is a virtual economy, simple or complex. In this book, Vili Lehdonvirta and Edward Castronova introduce the basic concepts of economics into the game developer's and game designer's toolkits. Lehdonvirta and Castronova explain how the fundamentals of economics—markets, institutions, and money—can be used to create or analyze economies based on artificially scarce virtual goods. They focus on virtual economies in digital games, but also touch on serious digital currencies such as Bitcoin as well as virtual economies that emerge in social media around points, likes, and followers. The theoretical emphasis is on elementary microeconomic theory, with some discussion of behavioral economics, macroeconomics, sociology of consumption, and other social science theories relevant to economic behavior.

Topics include the rational choice model of economic decision making; information goods versus virtual goods; supply, demand, and market equilibrium; monopoly power; setting prices; and externalities. The book will enable developers and designers to create and maintain successful virtual economies, introduce social scientists and policy makers to the power of virtual economies, and provide a useful guide to economic fundamentals for students in other disciplines.
Mindvaults
Authors: Bogdan Radu J.
Published: January 2019

An argument that the uniquely human capacities of pretending and imagining develop in response to sociocultural and sociopolitical pressures in childhood.

The human mind has the capacity to vault over the realm of current perception, motivation, emotion, and action, to leap—consciously and deliberately—to past or future, possible or impossible, abstract or concrete scenarios and situations. In this book, Radu Bogdan examines the roots of this uniquely human ability, which he terms "mindvaulting." He focuses particularly on the capacities of pretending and imagining, which he identifies as the first forms of mindvaulting to develop in childhood. Pretending and imagining, Bogdan argues, are crucial steps on the ontogenetic staircase to the intellect.

Bogdan finds that pretending and then imagining develop from a variety of sources for reasons that are specific and unique to human childhood. He argues that these capacities arise as responses to sociocultural and sociopolitical pressures that emerge at different stages of childhood. Bogdan argues that some of the properties of mindvaulting—including domain versatility and nonmodularity—resist standard evolutionary explanations. To resolve this puzzle, Bogdan reorients the evolutionary analysis toward human ontogeny, construed as a genuine space of evolution with specific pressures and adaptive responses. Bogdan finds that pretending is an ontogenetic response to sociocultural challenges in early childhood, a pre-adaptation for imagining; after age four, the adaptive response to cooperative and competitive sociopolitical pressures is a competence for mental strategizing that morphs into imagining.
The Rhythmic Event
Authors: Ikoniadou Eleni
Published: January 2019

An investigation into the affective modes of perception, temporality, and experience enabled by experimental new media sonic art.

The sonic has come to occupy center stage in the arts and humanities. In the age of computational media, sound and its subcultures can offer more dynamic ways of accounting for bodies, movements, and events. In The Rhythmic Event, Eleni Ikoniadou explores traces and potentialities prompted by the sonic but leading to contingent and unknowable forces outside the periphery of sound. She investigates the ways in which recent digital art experiments that mostly engage with the virtual dimensions of sound suggest alternate modes of perception, temporality, and experience. Ikoniadou draws on media theory, digital art, and philosophical and technoscientific ideas to work toward the articulation of a media philosophy that rethinks the media event as abstract and affective.

The Rhythmic Event seeks to define the digital media artwork as an assemblage of sensations that outlive the space, time, and bodies that constitute and experience it. Ikoniadou proposes that the notion of rhythm—detached, however, from the idea of counting and regularity—can unlock the imperceptible, aesthetic potential enveloping the artwork. She speculates that addressing the event on the level of rhythm affords us a glimpse into the nonhuman modalities of thought proper to the digital and hidden in the gaps between strict definitions (e.g., human/sonic/digital) and false dichotomies (e.g., virtual/real). Operating at the margins of perception, the rhythmic artwork summons an obscure zone of sonic thought, which considers the event according to its power to become.
Touch
Authors: Field Tiffany
Published: January 2019

Why we need a daily dose of touch: an investigation of the effects of touch on our physical and mental well-being.

Although the therapeutic benefits of touch have become increasingly clear, American society, claims Tiffany Field, is dangerously touch-deprived. Many schools have “no touch” policies; the isolating effects of Internet-driven work and life can leave us hungry for tactile experience. In this book Field explains why we may need a daily dose of touch.

The first sensory input in life comes from the sense of touch while a baby is still in the womb, and touch continues to be the primary means of learning about the world throughout infancy and well into childhood. Touch is critical, too, for adults' physical and mental health. Field describes studies showing that touch therapy can benefit everyone, from premature infants to children with asthma to patients with conditions that range from cancer to eating disorders.

This second edition of Touch, revised and updated with the latest research, reports on new studies that show the role of touch in early development, in communication (including the reading of others' emotions), in personal relationships, and even in sports. It describes the physiological and biological effects of touch, including areas of the brain affected by touch, and the effects of massage therapy on prematurity, attentiveness, depression, pain, and immune functions. Touch has been shown to have positive effects on growth, brain waves, breathing, and heart rate, and to decrease stress and anxiety. As Field makes clear, we enforce our society's touch taboo at our peril.

Bradford Books imprint
Big Data, Little Data, No Data
Authors: Borgman Christine L.
Published: January 2019

An examination of the uses of data within a changing knowledge infrastructure, offering analysis and case studies from the sciences, social sciences, and humanities.

“Big Data” is on the covers of Science, Nature, the Economist, and Wired magazines, on the front pages of the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. But despite the media hyperbole, as Christine Borgman points out in this examination of data and scholarly research, having the right data is usually better than having more data; little data can be just as valuable as big data. In many cases, there are no data—because relevant data don't exist, cannot be found, or are not available. Moreover, data sharing is difficult, incentives to do so are minimal, and data practices vary widely across disciplines.

Borgman, an often-cited authority on scholarly communication, argues that data have no value or meaning in isolation; they exist within a knowledge infrastructure—an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships. After laying out the premises of her investigation—six “provocations” meant to inspire discussion about the uses of data in scholarship—Borgman offers case studies of data practices in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, and then considers the implications of her findings for scholarly practice and research policy. To manage and exploit data over the long term, Borgman argues, requires massive investment in knowledge infrastructures; at stake is the future of scholarship.
RELIABILITY CALCULATION AND MONTE CARLO METHOD
Authors: SAMARDZIC BILJANA , ZLATKOVIC BOJANA
Published: January 2019

A simple, effective and easy to implement method for the
reliability calculation of the discrete systems with randomly chosen
parameters is presented in this paper. Since there are many reasons for
reliability decreasing, the influence of system instability to the system reliability is considered in this paper. This method is very applicable in practice, for example in safety engineering, failure analysis, etc. Random choice of parameter value for which the system has the larger probability of stability enables the maximum reliability. In this way many problems can be avoided, for example failures of components and system. The proposed method is illustrated on an example of discrete band frequency damper and its validity has been confirmed by Monte Carlo method.

Key words: Reliability, Probability of stability, Monte Carlo method
RADIALLY MAGNETIZED RING PERMANENT MAGNET MODELLING IN THE
VICINITY OF SOFT MAGNETIC CYLINDER
Authors: VUČKOVIĆ ANA , RAIČEVIĆ NEBOJŠA , PERIĆ MIRJANA
Published: January 2019

Radially magnetized ring permanent magnet placed above
the soft magnetic cylinder is modelled in this paper using Hybrid
Boundary Element Method (HBEM) and a discretization approach
based on fictitious magnetic charges. The obtained results are
compared to those obtained with Finite Element Method results
(FEM).

Key words: Hybrid boundary element method (HBEM), magnetization charges, magnetic force, permanent magnet (PM).
Lone Swede in an International Military Staff Context:
 A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Alvinius Aida , Nilsson Sofia , Wallenius Claes , Larsson Gerry
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of Swedish officers when serving as the only Swedes in a multinational staff context. The methodological approach was qualitative and inductive according to the Grounded Theory method, and the empirical material is based on twenty completed interviews. The informants possessed a wide range of experience in a number of leadership positions as well as extensive participation in international operations. The building of contextual self-esteem is the central theme that emerged in the data analysis that may improve our understanding of officers serving as the only Swedes on an international staff. Contextual self-esteem and its structure can be understood through the following four processes: interpretation, adaptation, influence, and withdrawal. These occur to a greater or lesser extent depending upon both the individual and the context. Contextual self-esteem increases over time as experience of international operations expands. The longer the duration of a mission, the greater the influence becomes in contrast to adaptation, although all the processes are significant. The findings may be valuable in educational settings regarding challenges faced while serving alone during international military missions in multinational contexts.
Effects ofTrichodermaseedling treatment with System of Rice Intensification management and with conventional management of transplanted rice
Authors: Khadka Ram B. , Uphoff Norman
Published: January 2019

Many benefits ofTrichodermainoculation for improving crop production have been documented, including growth and yield enhancement and the alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, because rice is usually cultivated under continuous flooding that creates anaerobic soil conditions, this limits the benefits of these beneficial fungi. Cultivating rice with the methods of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) provides rice plants with a more favorable environment for their colonization by beneficial microbes in the soil because the soil is more aerobic under SRI management and contains more organic matter. This study evaluated the effects ofTrichodermainoculation of rice plants under SRI management compared with transplanted and flooded rice plants, considering also the effects of different means of fertilization and different varieties in rice. Experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 under the tropical climate of Nepal’s western terai (plains) during both the rainy season (July to November) and the dry season (March to July). The results indicated significantly better performance (P = 0.01) associated withTrichodermainoculation for both seasons and for both systems of crop management in terms of grain yield and other growth-contributing factors, compared to non-inoculated rice cropping. Relatively higher effects on grain yield were recorded also with organic compared to inorganic fertilization; for unimproved (heirloom) varieties compared with improved varieties; and from SRI vs. conventional flooded crop management. The yield increase withTrichodermatreatments across all trials was 31% higher than in untreated plots (4.9 vs 4.5 mt ha−1). WithTrichodermatreatment, yields compared with non-treated plots were 24% higher with organic SRI (6.38 vs 5.13 mt ha−1) and 52% higher with non-organic SRI (6.38 vs 3.53 mt ha−1). With regard to varietal differences, under SRI managementTrichodermainoculation of the improved variety Sukhadhan-3 led to 26% higher yield (6.35 vs 5.04 mt ha−1), and with the heirloom variety Tilkidhan, yield was 41% higher (6.29 vs 4.45 mt ha−1). Economic analysis indicated that expanding the organic cultivation of local landraces under SRI management should be profitable for farmers where such rice has a good market price due to its premium quality and high demand and when SRI enhances yield. These varieties’ present low yields can be significantly increased by integratingTrichodermabio-inoculation with SRI cultural methods. Other recent research has shown that such inoculation can be managed profitably by farmers themselves.
Impact of inter- and intra-individual variation, sample storage and sampling fraction on human stool microbial community profiles
Authors: Yeoh Yun Kit , Chen Zigui , Hui Mamie , Wong Martin C.S. , Ho Wendy C.S. , Chin Miu Ling , Ng Siew C. , Chan Francis K.L. , Chan Paul K.S.
Published: January 2019

Stools are commonly used as proxies for studying human gut microbial communities as sample collection is straightforward, cheap and non-invasive. In large-scale human population surveys, however, sample integrity becomes an issue as it is not logistically feasible for researchers to personally collect stools from every participant. Instead, participants are usually given guidelines on sample packaging and storage, and asked to deliver their stools to a centralised facility. Here, we tested a number of delivery conditions (temperature, duration and addition of preservative medium) and assessed their effects on stool microbial community composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The largest source of variability in stool community composition was attributable to inter-individual differences regardless of delivery condition. Although the relative effect of delivery condition on community composition was small compared to inter-individual variability (1.6% vs. 60.5%, permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA]) and temporal variation within subjects over 10 weeks (5.2%), shifts in microbial taxa associated with delivery conditions were non-systematic and subject-specific. These findings indicated that it is not possible to model or accurately predict shifts in stool community composition associated with sampling logistics. Based on our findings, we recommend delivery of fresh, preservative-free stool samples to laboratories within 2 hr either at ambient or chilled temperatures to minimise perturbations to microbial community composition. In addition, subsamples from different fractions of the same stool displayed a small (3.3% vs. 72.6% inter-individual variation, PERMANOVA) but significant effect on community composition. Collection of larger sample volumes for homogenisation is recommended.
Genetic diversity and its conservation implications ofVitex rotundifolia(Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia
Authors: Sun Yiqi , Yang Hong , Zhang Qiaoyan , Qin Luping , Li Pan , Lee Joongku , Chen Shichao , Rahman Khalid , Kang Tingguo , Jia Min
Published: January 2019

Vitex rotundifoliais an important coastal and medicinal plant, and is recorded in the List of the Important Wild Plants for Conservation in China and Japan. However, an effective conservation strategy is lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using phylogeographical methods based on thetrnH-psbAandtrnG-trnSintergenic spacers of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences from 157 individuals from 25 sampling sites forV. rotundifoliaandV. trifoliaplus the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences of 177 individuals from 27 sampling sites. The results showed thatV. rotundifoliaandV. trifoliahad eight cpDNA and two nrDNA haplotypes, respectively, and theV. rotundifoliahas a low level of genetic diversity (haplotype diversityhd,cp= 0.360,hd,nr= 0.440), a more pronounced genetic differentiation among populations (population differentiation at the species level (GST) = 0.201, population differentiation at the allele level (NST) = 0.462), and an insignificantly different phylogeographical structure (NST>GST,P > 0.05). In addition, haplotype network analyses indicated thatV. rotundifoliaandV. trifoliahave distinct haplotypes. Divergence dating based on BEAST software analyses showed that most cpDNA clades diverged in the late Pleistocene era. Demographic analysis indicated thatV. rotundifoliaunderwent a rapid demographic expansion. Some scientific strategies are suggested for resource conservation ofV. rotundifoliabased on its genetic diversity and population structure.
Genética do câncer de mama hereditário
Authors: Marafon Cleidemar Moura
Published: January 2019

O câncer de mama é uma das neoplasias que apresentam crescente ocorrência nos países industrializados e também em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Estudos clínicos, epidemiológicos e genéticos têm identificado características biológicas e sociais como fatores de risco associados a essa neoplasia. Entre as principais causas da doença está a história familiar, idade, condição socioeconômica, radiação ionizante, e vários outros fatores metabólicos e hormonais, e, mais recentemente, os genes de suscetibilidade denominados BRCA. Esses genes, considerados supressores tumorais, codificam proteínas nucleares que estão relacionadas com várias funções no ciclo celular, e a sua inativação pode conduzir a instabilidade genômica, defeitos no reparo da dupla fita do DNA e, conseqüentemente, favorecer mutações adicionais em outros genes que estão envolvidos com o processo de multiplicação e diferenciação celular. O presente artigo faz uma revisão dos genes de suscetibilidade do câncer de mama BRCA-1 e BRCA-2, fundamentais no entendimento da predisposição genética dessa patologia.
Úlceras Aftosas Recorrentes e sua possível associação ao estresse
Authors: Curvelo José Alexandre Da Rocha , Ferreira Dennis De Carvalho , Carvalho Flavia Cristina Rosas de , Janini Maria Elisa Rangel
Published: January 2019

A lesão de afta é considerada a alteração mais comum da mucosa oral em humanos e se caracteriza por uma lesão circular, claramente definida, dolorosa, com centro necrótico, bordas elevadas e halo eritematoso. Até hoje, não ocorreu a caracterização de um agente etiológico especifico para essa afecção. No entanto, várias são as referências, na literatura, que consideram o estresse um dos fatores predisponentes para sua patogenia. Visando a estabelecer uma correlação entre esses processos, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os efeitos do estresse no sistema imunológico e a possível atuação desse sistema na origem das lesões de afta.
Mucocele superficial em lábio inferior: relato de caso
Authors: Peixoto Tony Santos , Souza Emmanuel Albuquerque , Cavalcante Josuel Raimundo , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite
Published: January 2019

Mucoceles são cistos mucosos relacionados com a obstrução ou trauma das glândulas salivares menores. Preferencialmente, estão localizadas no lábio inferior, palato mole, região retromandibular e mucosa oral. Microscopicamente, constituem-se em extravasamento subepitelial de sialomucina, que ocorre na interface do tecido epitelial conectivo. O diagnóstico da mucocele superficial é principalmente clínico, sendo raramente indicada a realização de biópsia. Este artigo descreve uma lesão em lábio inferior cujo diagnóstico definitivo foi de mucocele, ou fenômeno de retenção de muco.
Produção e aplicação da gema do ovo de galinhas para detecção de parvovírus canino em fezes
Authors: Guimarães Marco Cesar Cunegundes , Amaral Livia Gomes , Borges Franz Viana , Vieira Hugo Paes Leme , Shimoya Aldo , Matta Claudia Gomes Fernandes , Matta Marco Fernando De Rezende
Published: January 2019

O parvovírus canino (CPV) pode causar uma doença intestinal caracterizada por diarréia sangüinolenta e muitas vezes fatal em filhotes. O vírus é transmitido pelo contato com cães infectados através das fezes. O vírus é muito estável no ambiente e pode sobreviver por vários meses em áreas contaminadas. O CPV infecta rapidamente as células da medula óssea e intestino delgado. Vários testes laboratoriais foram desenvolvidos e estão disponíveis para diagnóstico viral específico. O diagnóstico rápido pode ser feito por microscopia eletrônica (EM) do material fecal de casos com sinais típicos da doença. O vírus pode também ser isolado de caninos e felino e desenvolvidos em várias linhagens celulares, como células renais canina e felina, mas raramente é usada na prática, já que para culturas de células são necessárias pelo menos uma semana para obtenção dos resultados. A Hemaglutinação e inibição da hemaglutinação (HI-HA) são métodos simples e rápidos para a detecção do vírus em amostras fecais e de tecidos e são contratados por vários laboratórios de diagnóstico, porém, o teste de HA é menos sensível do que EM ou ensaios imunoenzimáticos (ELISA). Neste trabalho, imunizamos galinhas com a cepa Cornell 780916-80 do CPV, isolamos anticorpos policlonais IgY da gema de ovo, caracterizamos sua atividade biológica por ELISA indireto e western blotting. Posteriormente, foram detectados a presença de CPV nas fezes de animais suspeitos através do teste de ELISA indireto e com o teste de HA.
Caracterização da Doença de Crohn na região de Maringá
Authors: Vidigal Pedrina Gonçalves , Mella Junior Sidney Edson
Published: January 2019

A doença de Crohn é caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica do trato gastrointestinal, cujas razões ainda não estão esclarecidas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os pacientes portadores da doença de Crohn na região de Maringá, no Estado do Paraná, e também relatar suas características sociais, demográficas e clínicas. Um total de sete pacientes portadores de doença de Crohn, diagnosticados com base em critérios clínicos, radiológicos, endoscópicos e patológicos devidamente aceitos, residentes na área de estudo, foram recrutados no centro ABCD em Maringá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. A fim de coletar os dados, foi requerido aos pacientes que respondessem a um questionário padronizado, o qual incluía perguntas relacionadas às questões demográficas, sociais e clínicas. Aproximadamente 71,428% dos pacientes eram caucasianos, sendo que 57,142% deles apresentavam descendência italiana, sem vestígio de herança judaica. Além disso, nenhum dos pacientes relatou histórico familiar de doença inflamatória intestinal ou ainda hábito de fumar. A porção do trato gastrointestinal mais acometida observada nos pacientes foi a do íleo, correspondendo a 71,42%. As características clínicas e demográficas observadas foram similares a estudos prévios. No entanto, nenhum paciente era fumante e, aparentemente, não apresentavam ascendência judaica.
Suporte diagnóstico e classificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes em baciloscopia de pacientes infectados pelo HIV e não infectados pela tuberculose em microscopia de rotina laboratorial em Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Diandé Souba , Torrea Gabriela , Ouattara Ckeick T. , Sawadogo Léon T. , Gueye Abdoulaye , Mourfou Adama , Ouedraogo Francis , Sawadogo Issaka , Dingtoumda Bayéma NebieIssa B. , Traoré Alfred S.
Published: January 2019

Cem pacientes infectados pelo HIV e 100 pacientes adultos não-infectados pela tuberculose pulmonar (TB) foram comparados no intuito de avaliar a associação entre o status dos pacientes HIV+ e o suporte microscópico laboratorial e entre o status dos pacientes HIV+ e da classificação dos bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (AFB) pela baciloscopia. As amostras fram coradas pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen. A primeira série baciloscópica diagnosticada foi de 89% infectados pelo HIV e 94% não infectados. O aumento da produtividade da segunda e terceira baciloscopia identificaram respectivamente 10% e 1% entre os infectados pelo HIV contra 5% e 1% entre os pacientes sem HIV. Considerando a classificação da AFB, os pacientes HIV positivos foram mais escassos e menos positivos 2+ e 3+ na primeira baciloscopia (P = 0,089) e na segunda baciloscopia (P = 0,010), respectivamente. Para a segunda classificação de esfregaços AFB, houve uma diferença significativa entre os HIV-infectados e não infectados quando analisamos os dados de subgrupos por status sorológico entre os homens (P = 0,031), o grupo de idade entre 15 a 44 anos (P = 0,003) e entre os pacientes ambulatoriais ( P = 0,015). Contudo, a diferença não foi significativa nos resultados entre as mulheres (P = 0,417) e nas TB-hospitalizadas (P = 0,501). Em conclusão, a baciloscopia melhorou o suporte diagnóstico em ambos os infectados pelo HIV e pacientes não infectados. No entanto, globalmente, a frequência dos valores amostrais estava significativamente associada com o status sorológico do HIV.
O impacto das imunoglobulinas salivares sobre Candida spp em pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo HIV
Authors: Pomarico Luciana , Castro Glória Fernanda Barbosa de Araújo , Souza Ivete Pomarico Robeiro de
Published: January 2019

Pacientes pediátricos imunodeprimidos, ou seja, aqueles que não têm a capacidade de responder adequadamente a um estímulo antigênico, estão mais sujeitos a desenvolver infecções oportunistas, tais como as infecções fúngicas. Dentre elas, pode-se citar a candidíase bucal, causada pelas Candida spp, comumente encontrada em crianças infectadas pelo HIV. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a relação entre imunoglobulinas salivares, que constituem o principal agente na linha de defesa da mucosa bucal, com as Candida spp em pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo HIV, ressaltando a importância desses anticorpos.
Tratamento cirúrgico do ameloblastoma: revisão atualizada da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Marília Gerhardt de , Chagas Júnior Otacílio Luiz , Pereira Ana Claudia Lustosa , Post Letícia Kirst
Published: January 2019

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O tratamento do ameloblastoma é uma das principais controvérsias da Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-maxilo-facial, devido ao grande número de desinformações existentes na literatura, como também ao grande número de condutas instituídas. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no site www.pubmed.gov, sendo selecionados os artigos publicados em 2006 relacionados ao tratamento cirúrgico do ameloblastoma, tendo como objetivo verificar, discutir e elucidar tais condutas. Baseando-se nos dados obtidos, conclui-se que existem inúmeras controvérsias a respeito do tratamento ideal, embora a maioria dos autores concorde que fatores fundamentais, tais como o tipo e a idade do paciente, são determinantes para a escolha da conduta cirúrgica a ser adotada.
Fructooligossacarideos (FOS) e terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) com estrogênio impedem a reabsorção óssea em ratas ovariectomizadas
Authors: Netto Claudia Cardoso , Miyasaka Celio Kenji
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os efeitos dos fructooligossaccharideos (FOS) e da terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) com estrogênio no metabolismo ósseo de ratas ovariectomizadas. Ratas Wistar com 3 meses de idade (276.0 ± 3.4 g de peso corpóreo) foram submetidas a ovariectomia e, apos 30 dias, foram randomizados (n=10) em 4 grupos. Os animais foram tratados com FOS (RAFTILOSE® P95) (5g/100g de dieta consumida/dia) através de intubação intragástrica e (ou) não submetidos à TRH com β-estradiol sintético (SIGMA/E-4389) (30μg/kg of body weight), administrado diariamente por injeção subcutânea (G1 = OVT + FOS + HRT; G2 = OVT + FOS + saline; G3 = OVT + water + HRT; G4 = OVT + water + saline) por 20 dias. Os ratos foram alimentados com dieta padrão que continha 1.3% de cálcio e receberam água deionizada ambos ad libitum. Os resultados foram expressos em media ± erro padrão da media (EPM) e foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA e Tukey (p < 0.05). O FOS e a TRH reduziram a atividade da fosfatase alcalina total. O tratamento com FOS aumentou a concentração de cálcio na tíbia e sua radiodensidade. Em relação ao limite proporcional bem como à resiliencia do fêmur dos animais, os resultados sugerem que os tratamentos com FOS e FOS + TRH aumentaram a capacidade de esse osso absorver energia. Os resultados quantitativos são confirmados pela analise óssea qualitativa (microscopia eletrônica de varredura). Com os resultados obtidos, os FOS podem ser introduzido nos protocolos de prevenção e (ou) tratamento da osteoporose.
Perfil dos usuários e da demanda pelo serviço da clínica-escola de fonoaudiologia da UFBA
Authors: Costa Renata Gomes da , Souza Lourdes Bernadete Rocha de
Published: January 2019

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar o perfil dos usuários e da demanda do serviço da clínicaescola de fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) e contribuir para as pesquisas em fonoaudiologia na área da Saúde Coletiva. Foi desenvolvido por meio da revisão de prontuários clínicos dos indivíduos atendidos no período de 2004 a 2007 na clínica-escola de Fonoaudiologia da UFBA, onde foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, tais como: idade, sexo, escolaridade, ocupação, renda média familiar, origem do encaminhamento, queixa inicial, tempo de espera para atendimento e a área que a hipótese diagnóstica fonoaudiológica abrangeu. Dos 210 indivíduos atendidos nesse período, a maioria foi encaminhada por profissionais da saúde (49%). O sexo masculino (51,4%) e a faixa etária entre 0 e 12 anos (52%) foram predominantes. Frequentemente os usuários apresentam apenas uma queixa (64,8%). 49,3% dos indivíduos aguardaram por atendimento aproximadamente por 6 meses. A área predominante foi a Linguagem (52,4%), seguida pela Motricidade Orofacial (31,4%) e Voz (19%). Concluiu-se que o perfil dos indivíduos pesquisados revelou uma população predominantemente masculina, com idade entre 0 e 12 anos, encaminhados, em sua maioria, por profissionais da área da saúde. A maioria apresentou somente uma queixa, e o tempo de espera pelo atendimento foi em média de seis meses. A área predominante foi a Linguagem seguida pela Motricidade Orofacial e Voz, respectivamente.
Hepatite por vírus C e resistência à insulina
Authors: Schinoni Maria Isabel , Oliveira Andrea
Published: January 2019

A infecção crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C (HVC) afeta 200 milhões de pessoas no mundo. Dados epidemiológicos sugerem uma associação entre Hepatite C e Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. A prevalência aumentada de diabetes tipo 2 na hepatite C não está exclusivamente associada aos pacientes cirróticos. A infecção por HVC pode promover resistência à insulina (RI), devido a uma produção aumentada do Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa (TNF-α), o qual causa uma sobreexpressão dos supressores dos substratos da citocinas (SOCS-3), conduzindo a um bloqueio da ativação dos transportadores GLUT 4, evitando, assim, a extração de glicose pela célula. A sobre-expressão do TNF-α estimulada pelo HVC esteve associada a uma fibrose mais avançada e à não-resposta ao tratamento convencional com Interferon e Ribavirina. A resistência à insulina, nesses pacientes, pode estar induzida pela proteína do Core do HVC. Altos níveis de insulina sérica podem estimular diretamente a mitogênese das células do Ito no fígado e causar uma sobrerregulação do Fator de Crescimento Conectivo (CGF), uma potente citocina indutora de fibrose. Também foi demonstrado que sobrepeso, esteatose hepática e RI influenciam a resposta ao tratamento antiviral com Interferon e Ribavirina, sendo responsáveis pela falha terapêutica.
Indicadores de desempenho sobre uso de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica: construção e validação
Authors: Lacerda Rúbia Aparecida , Levin Anna Sara Shafferman , Oliveira Maura Salaroli de , Garcia Cilmara Polido , Turrini Ruth Teresa Natalia
Published: January 2019

O estudo pretende contribuir com práticas de controle de infecção hospitalar, pela elaboração e validação de indicadores de avaliação de desempenho do uso de antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica. Por meio de metodologia de elaboração de medidas de avaliação em saúde, foram construídos um indicador básico e cinco secundários, submetidos à validação de construto operacional, representatividade e aplicabilidade, por meio de técnica de consenso de especialistas. Todos os indicadores obtiveram consenso nos atributos dos construtos operacionais e de representatividade. Quanto à aplicabilidade, o indicador básico não obteve consenso somente para o atributo de acessibilidade, e os secundários para o de contextualização. As sugestões dos especialistas, contudo, permitiram ajustes e, portanto, validação. Tendo em vista que diversos tipos de avaliação de práticas assistenciais têm sido construídos,  embora nem sempre sejam fundamentados e validados, acreditase que os modos de construção e validação utilizados neste estudo constituem a sua maior contribuição.