bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NAMIBIAN CHILDRENâ€™S AND YOUTH LITERATURE WRITTEN IN ENGLISH
Authors: Jenkins Elwyn
Published: July 2020

This article examines 15 works of fiction written in English for children and young adults which have a Namibian setting. The earliest was published in the 1920s and the latest in 1998. The books are examined in order to ascertain what the Namibian setting has contributed: whether the authors have engaged with the history of the country; what they make of the setting; and whether there are any particular plots and themes that emerge.A notable trend in the English-language books published after the 1960s is that they focus on the personal growth of the protagonists. Rather than serving as a background for adventure, as the earlier books did, the Namibian settings and social circumstances serve as catalysts for psychological drama, while the landscapes with their flora and fauna play out as objective correlatives to the charactersâ€™ interior struggles. In keeping with this subject matter, the writing is usually sensitive and lyrical.
â€˜DEATHâ€™S OTHER KINGDOMSâ€™: DEATH AND THE AFTERLIFE IN SOME RECENT FANTASIES FOR YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Brown Molly
Published: July 2020

Trites (2000:117) argues that death is a biological imperative that possibly operates even more powerfully on the human mind than sexuality. In this article it will be suggested that coming to terms with the inevitability of mortality is a key maturational task, but that popular young adult fantasies dealing with immortal vampires or decaying zombies usually offer little or no support to adolescents struggling to deal with this issue. By contrast, it will be suggested that novels such as those in Terry Pratchettâ€™s Johnny Maxwell series, JK Rowlingâ€™s Harry Potter series, Ursula Le Guinâ€™s Earthsea series and Philip Pullmanâ€™s His dark materials trilogy provide adolescent readers with safe spaces in which to explore not only the threat of death, but a range of social and religious approaches to the problem. In this way, young readers may be encouraged to accept themselves, in Heideggerâ€™s (1962 [1927]:304â€“307) terms, as â€˜Being-towards-deathâ€™ and eventually even be empowered by such an acknowledgement.
ARCHIVAL PRESERVATION PRACTICES AT THE RECORDS AND ARCHIVES MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT IN TANZANIA
Authors: Oweru Pendo Joseph , Mnjama Nathan
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to assess preservation practices at the Records and Archives Management Department (RAMD) in Tanzania and to make recommendations aimed at ensuring the long-term preservation and accessibility of archives held at RAMD. The population of the study consisted of the Director of RAMD, two Assistant Directors, ten Senior Records Officers, two Records Officers, three Senior Records Management Assistants, three Principal Records Management Assistants and one Records Management Assistant. The data collection instruments included questionnaires, interviews, observation and content analysis. Qualitative data analysis was used to gain a better understanding of the issues under investigation. The findings indicated that legislation relating to the preservation of archives in Tanzania is not comprehensive enough and that RAMD lacks a preservation policy; preserves only paper-based materials; experiences a shortage of storage equipment; holds records under poor environmental conditions; lacks proper archival handling; carries out inadequate housekeeping practices; lacks adequate security and disaster preparedness measures; has inadequate conservation and restoration facilities; is underfunded; and lacks trained and experienced conservators. The study recommends amendments to the Records and Archives Management Act No. 3 of 2002; the formulation of a conservation policy; improvements in housekeeping practices and handling practices; and effective monitoring of temperature and relative humidity.
INFORMATION NEEDS AND SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN, THEIR CAREGIVERS, AND SERVICE PROVIDERS IN RURAL REGIONS IN NAMIBIA
Authors: Mnubi-Mchombu Chiku , Ocholla Dennis N.
Published: July 2020

A big problem in Namibia is the issue of destitute orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), many of whose parents have died from HIV/AIDS related illnesses. This study sought to examine the information needs of OVC and their caregivers and their information seeking strategies in managing the OVC situation in Namibia. Both qualitative and quantitative survey research methods were employed. Questionnaires were posted to various service providers, while interviews were conducted with OVC and their caregivers. Focus group discussions were also used for caregivers and informants in order to collect data on the respondentsâ€™ general attitudes, feelings, beliefs, experiences and reactions. The study took place in the rural Ohangwena region in January 2009 and urban Khomas region in April 2009. The preliminary findings indicated that there was a higher school dropout rate among rural OVC. Both rural and urban OVC expressed the need for financial assistance or grants, child care support, feeding schemes and health services as their top priorities. The rural OVC said they required information about school development fund exemptions, financial assistance or grants, health services, childcare support, and training opportunities. The urban OVC expressed the same priorities except for counselling, which was added to their list instead of training opportunities. Both the rural and urban OVC stated that they consulted relatives, teachers and friends for advice or information, thus indicating that interpersonal sources of information were the most important source of information. The study provided useful information for interventions and further research.
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHERS AND EXTENSION WORKERSâ€™ INFORMATION NEEDS AND CHALLENGES IN ZIMBABWE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Mugwisi Tinashe , Mostert Janneke
Published: July 2020

Agriculture plays an important role in the economies of many developing countries, contributing considerably to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), labour and exports. In Zimbabwe, agriculture provides an income to 75 per cent of the countryâ€™s population. The role of researchers and extension workers is thus important in this process. This article reports on a pilot study that examined the information needs and challenges of veterinary researchers in Zimbabwe. Purposive sampling was used to identify and select respondents around Harare. Although Mashonaland Central and Mashonaland East were initially selected, the study was able to capture respondents from across other provinces and districts from part-time students attending Mazowe Veterinary School. A questionnaire was used to collect data, most of which was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that there were varying information needs among the respondents, with the need for information on animal health and production being the lowest, despite the majority of respondents being veterinary extension workers. Lack of resources â€“ especially transport and information sources â€“ was cited as a factor affecting research and extension services. The study also showed that there was poor dissemination of agricultural information between researchers and extension workers and the farmers, and this was done through various channels, traditional and modern information and communications technologies (ICTs).
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES IN BRIDGING THE KNOWLEDGE GAP IN AFRICA
Authors: Juma Iddi W. , Wamukoya Justus , Wekullo Caroline
Published: July 2020

Digital libraries have a huge potential towards offsetting the knowledge deficit in many parts of the world and Africa in particular. This article reports on a study aimed at exploring the status of digital libraries and the contributions they have made towards bridging the knowledge gap in Africa. The study examined the origin, growth and current status of digital libraries; identified critical issues surrounding their existence; and investigated the level to which they had helped to reduce disparities in access to knowledge and promote the quality of education and research in Africa. It also explored the challenges met in the development, management and use of these libraries with a view to improving them. Data collection and analysis was largely based on a review of the extant literature as well as an analysis of the statistical data collected from a number of organisations and websites. The key finding was that although there had been some efforts in Africa to harness opportunities created by the Internet and digital libraries through research initiatives, the continent still trailed the rest of the world in the actual use of these resources. It was recommended that African governments and higher education institutions (HEIs) create an environment that is conducive for further development of these libraries and facilitate them to contribute more effectively to information and cultural content. There was also a need to increase investments in the digital technologies to reduce the existing disparities and barriers to universal access to the knowledge resources.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TUAK TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI MENCIT (Mus musculus) ICR JANTAN
Authors: Sijid St Aisyah , Muthiadin Cut , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Hidayat Ar. Syarif
Published: July 2020

Liver damage or liver disease is caused by many factors, one of which is by consuming drinks that contain alcohol. Tuak is one of the drinks that contain alcohol. This study aims to determine the effect of palm wine administration on the histopathological picture of male ICR mice (Mus musculus) liver. This study used 20 mice consisting of 4 treatments namely P0 = 0 mL / day / head; P1 = 0.1 mL / day / head; P2 = 0.2 mL / day / head and P3 = 0.3 mL / day / head. The parameters observed were body weight of mice, liver weight and liver histopathology of mice. The results showed that administration of palm wine to male ICR mice at different doses gave an influence on the histopathological picture of male ICR mice (Mus musculus).AbstrakKerusakan hati atau penyakit liver disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah dengan mengkonsumsi minuman yang mengandung alkohol. Tuak merupakan salah satu minuman yang mengandung alkohol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tuak terhadap gambaran histopatologi hati mencit (Mus musculus) ICR jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu P0 = 0 mL/hari/ekor; P1 = 0,1 mL/hari/ekor; P2 = 0,2 mL/hari/ekor dan P3 = 0,3 mL/hari/ekor. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat badan mencit, berat hati dan histopatologi hati mencit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tuak pada mencit ICR jantan dengan dosis yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh terhadap gambaran histopatologi hati mencit (Mus musculus) ICR jantan.Kata Kunci: Hati, Histopatologi, Mencit, Tuak
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR ALJABAR LINEAR ELEMENTER BERDASARKAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS
Authors: FITRIAWAN DONA
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop: 1. elementary linear algebra teaching materials based on mathematical connection skills; 2. syllabus and lecture plan; 3. test mathematical connection skills. This type of research is a research and development approach whose research design consists of four stages, namely defining, planning, developing, and dissiminating. Data analysis techniques in this study describe narratively the steps in developing teaching materials. Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained that: 1) the stages of developing teaching materials starting from the stages of defining, designing, until the first stage of development, namely expert validation. From this stage of development a revised elementary linear algebra teaching material has been produced based on input from three validators. Teaching materials compiled consist of four materials, namely systems of linear equations, matrices, inverses, and matrix determinants; 2) based on the opinions of three experts, elementary linear algebra teaching materials that have been compiled are classified as valid and good in terms of accuracy of contents, digestibility, use of language, so that they can be used to develop mathematical connection skills.AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan: 1. bahan ajar aljabar linier dasar berdasarkan keterampilan koneksi matematika; 2. silabus dan rencana kuliah; 3. menguji keterampilan koneksi matematika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan yang desain penelitiannya terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu mendefinisikan, merencanakan, mengembangkan, dan menyebarluaskan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan secara naratif langkah-langkah dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa: 1) tahap pengembangan bahan ajar mulai dari tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, hingga tahap pertama pengembangan, yaitu validasi ahli. Dari tahap pengembangan ini bahan ajar aljabar linier revisi telah dihasilkan berdasarkan masukan dari tiga validator. Bahan ajar yang disusun terdiri dari empat bahan, yaitu sistem persamaan linear, matriks, invers, dan determinan matriks; 2) berdasarkan pendapat tiga ahli, bahan ajar aljabar linier dasar yang telah disusun diklasifikasikan sebagai valid dan baik dalam hal keakuratan isi, kecernaan, penggunaan bahasa, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan koneksi matematis.Kata Kunci: bahan ajar, kemampuan koneksi matematis
THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS ON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH GUIDED INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Purwasi Lucy Asri
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed to determine the development levels of higher-order thinking skills on students through the guided inquiry-based learning approach. The research method used was experimental, with true empirical design research. The sample selection was performed by random sampling technique. Data was collected through five tests of essay forms in accordance with various indicators of higher-order thinking abilities, including analysing (C4), evaluating (C5) and creating (C6). The results of this study indicated that the percentage of higher-order thinking ability in the experimental class was 86%, while in the control class was lower, at 79.3%. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that students with higher-order thinking skills taught through this guided inquiry-based learning were superior compared to those taught by conventional learning.AbstractThis study was aimed to determine the development levels of higher-order thinking skills on students through the guided inquiry-based learning approach. The research method used was experimental, with true empirical design research. The sample selection was performed by random sampling technique. Data was collected through five tests of essay forms in accordance with various indicators of higher-order thinking abilities, including analysing (C4), evaluating (C5) and creating (C6). The results of this study indicated that the percentage of higher-order thinking ability in the experimental class was 86%, while in the control class was lower, at 79.3%. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that students with higher-order thinking skills taught through this guided inquiry-based learning were superior compared to those taught by conventional learning.Keywords: Guided Inquiry-based Learning, Conventional Learning, Higher-Order Thinking Skills
ETNOBOTANI REMPAH TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT DAYAK KENYAH UMAQ JALAM DI KECAMATAN SEGAH KABUPATEN BERAU
Authors: Hendra Medi , Oktaviani Martha
Published: July 2020

The local wisdom of the community is closely related to existing natural resources around them, including plant resources, which are used as spices. The Kenyah Umaq Jalan tribe in The Berau district is one of the sub-tribes of the Kenyah that still maintains local wisdom in the use and processing of herbs and spices. This tribe has a unique process of spices that are inherited from their ancestors. The purpose of this study was to examine ethnobotany spices of the Dayak Kenyah Umaq Jalan community in the Sub-district Segah, Berau District. The study was conducted in the sub-district of Segah in three villages, namely Batu Rajang, Siduung Indah, and Tepian Buah. Participatory Ethnobotanical Appraisal (PEA) was used as an exploratory survey. Interviews were conducted using standardized interviews and participating in spice processing activities with the informants. Around 25 species of plants are used as spices and herbs, such as Albertisia papuana Becc., Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels., Pycnarrhena manillensis S. Vidal. used as a flavor enhancer. Some species Sesamum indicum L, Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Blume) Cogn., Ricinus communis L and Arachis hypogea L. for preparing their food with a certain method.AbstrakKearifan lokal masyarakat erat kaitannya dengan sumber daya alam yang adadi sekitarnya, termasuk sumber daya tumbuhan yang dijadikan sebagai bumbu dan bahan rempah. Suku Kenyah Umaq Jalan di Kabupaten Berau merupakan salah satu sub-suku Dayak Kenyah yang  masih menjaga kearifan lokal dalam pemanfaatan dan pengolahan bumbu dan rempah. Suku ini memiliki kekhasan dalam mengolah bumbu masak yang merupakan warisan turun-temurun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membahas etnobotani rempah tradisional dalam masakan Dayak Kenyah Umaq Jalan di Kecamatan Segah Kabupaten Berau. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Segah pada tiga desa meliputi Batu Rajang, Siduung Indah dan Tepian Buah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survei eksploratif dengan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif (Participatory Ethnobotanical Appraisal). Wawancara dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara berencana (standardized interview) dan ikut dalam aktifitas pengolahan bumbu dan rempah bersama informan. Diperoleh 25 jenis tumbuhan yang dijadikan sebagai rempah-rempah dan bumbu, diantaranya adalah Albertisia papuana Becc., Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels., Pycnarrhena manillensis S. Vidal. yang digunakan sebagai penyedap rasa alami. Beberapa jenis seperti Sesamum indicum L, Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Blume) Cogn., Pangium edule Reinw., Ricinus communis L., dan Arachis hypogaea L. dimanfaatkan sebagai bumbu terasi (payang) dengan diolah secara tradisional.Kata kunci: Bumbu, Dayak Kenyah Umaq Jalan, Etnobotani.
An Idealised Approach of Geometry and Topology to the Diffusion of Cations in Honeycomb Layered Oxide Frameworks
Authors: Kanyolo Godwill Mbiti , Masese Titus
Published: July 2020

Honeycomb layered oxides are a novel class of nanostructured materials comprising alkali or coinage metals intercalated into transition metal slabs. The intricate honeycomb architecture and layered framework endows this family of oxides with a tessellation of features such as exquisite electrochemistry, unique topology and fascinating electromagnetic phenomena. Despite having innumerable functionalities, these materials remain highly underutilised as their underlying atomistic mechanisms are vastly unexplored. Therefore, in a bid to provide a more in-depth perspective, we propose an idealised diffusion model of the charged alkali cations (such as lithium, sodium or potassium) in the two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb layers within the multi-layered crystal of honeycomb layered oxide frameworks. This model not only explains the correlation between the excitation of cationic vacancies (by applied electromagnetic fields) and the Gaussian curvature deformation of the 2D surface, but also takes into consideration, the quantum properties of the cations and their inter-layer mixing through quantum tunnelling. Through this work, we offer a novel theoretical framework for the study of multi-layered materials with 2D cationic diffusion currents, as well as providing pedagogical insights into the role of topological phase transitions in these materials in relation to Brownian motion and quantum geometry.
Breaking the Histone Code with Two-Dimensional Partial Covariance Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Driver Taran , Averbukh Vitali , Frasinski Leszek , Marangos Jon P. , Edelson-Averbukh Marina
Published: July 2020

A large body of research points to the biological importance of combinatorial post-translational modifications in proteins, such as the active role played by histone modification patterns in the development of cancers, neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative and other diseases. Nonetheless, our understanding of the precise biological function of different modification patterns is limited by the difficulty of identifying and quantifying different combinatorial isomers in their mixtures as they naturally occur. Tandem mass spectrometry, which infers primary structure from the mass-to-charge ratios of biomolecular fragments, is the preferred method of analysis for proteins and their post-translational modifications. However, the information contained in the mass-to-charge ratios of the individual fragments is frequently insufficient to identify the correct set of modification patterns present in a mixture of combinatorial isomers. This is because no possible single fragment of a combinatorially modified sequence is unique to that sequence in its mass-to-charge ratio. Here we show that the combinatorial post-translational modification problem can be solved by the recently introduced technique of two-dimensional partial covariance mass spectrometry, which provides information about fragment connectivity in a biomolecule by quantifying correlations between the random intensity fluctuations of its fragments, across repeated measurements. Unique fragment-fragment correlations provide the missing link between the non-unique individual fragments to produce unambiguous fingerprints of co-occurring combinatorial isomers, enabling the discovery of biomolecular combinatorial modification patterns by mass spectrometry.
pH and Anion Effects on Cu-Phosphate Interfaces for CO Electroreduction
Authors: Sebastián Pascual Paula , Petersen Amanda Schramm , Bagger Alexander , Rossmeisl Jan , Escudero-Escribano María
Published: July 2020

Herein, we have investigated the interfacial properties of Cu(111) and Cu(100) in phosphate buffer solutions at different pH conditions and in presence of CO. Ab initio molecular simulations of the Cu-electrolyte interface were combined with voltammetric experiments carried out on Cu(100) and Cu(111) single-crystalline electrodes. We show that the adsorption strength of phosphate species on the different Cu facets affects the potential range at which CO poisons the surface. The properties of the Cu-electrolyte interface controls the potential range for CO reduction on Cu.
In vitro assessment of natural extract as irrigant on root dentin microhardness
Authors: Sneha Mali  , Abhijeet Phase  , Nootan Mali
Published: July 2020

To determine the effect of a natural extract of of 2.5% concentration on the of root canal when used as an irrigating solution. This was an in comparative study where and twenty intact single-rooted teeth were selected and with a diamond bur to get an apical-coronal length of 10 mm and were randomly separated into three groups as per the used; Group 1 (control): Irrigation with Normal saline, Group 2: Irrigation with Smear Clear solution, Group 3: Irrigation with 2.5% extract solution. were prepared using Pro Taper Universal Rotary Files with intermittent irrigation with the respective irrigating solution. The teeth were then embedded in acrylic resin and subjected to Vicker's Hardness test, and the data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA. When Group 2(51.80±9.80 VHN and 52.66±5.28 VHN) was compared with Group 3(44.98±4.34 VHN and VHN) the values showed a statistically significant difference (p< 0.05).When Group 3 (44.98±4.34 VHN and VHN) was compared with Group 1(65.37±8.80 VHN and 67.74±9.56 VHN), the values did show a statistically significant difference (p> 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, teeth irrigated with normal saline showed the least reduction in followed by irrigation with leaf extract solution and Smear Clear.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Oxidative Stress and its role In HIV Infection
Authors: Sunita S Patil  , Vaishali S Patil  , Arvind Gulbake
Published: July 2020

Throughout several regular cell cycles, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role. When ROS values are high, and when the defence mechanism (antioxidants) cannot neutralise, they harm and modify the part of biological molecules. They also act as signalling molecules which generate a spectrum of disease.In this study, we reviewed existing oxidants, oxidative stress, and their relationship with infection by human immunodeficiency virus in patients, and the effects of oxidative stress in patients with HIV.Our prospect is to do a clinical study on HIV patients and estimate oxidative parameters like nitric oxide, total antioxidant level and correlate them with CD4 count and viral load which may be helpful during monitoring and giving efficient ART to the HIV patients. And also the importance of ROS in infection has been established through clinical and in vitro studies. Here we review the role of oxidative stress in HIV pathogenesis, the impact of ROS on immune responses in HIV patients, and ROS-mediated regulation of HIV infection. Future studies on the interplay between ROS and HIV infection may offer a new strategy for prevention and treatment.
“Pharmaco-chemical Characterization and Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Flower Extract of Clerodendrum paniculatum”
Authors: Sincy Varghese  , Kanakasabapathi Devaki  , Poornima Kannappan  , Sri Rashmy Madathil
Published: July 2020

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of different components and antioxidant and activities of the extract of flower (CPF) were analyzed in . identification of of flower was also identified by GC-MS analysis. assess the biochemical features of CPF. solvent extraction of CPF was performed using solvents in increasing order of polarity (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water) and solvent with maximum profile was standardized for further analysis. Quantitative analysis of selected secondary metabolites like tannin, , alkaloids, and of the flower extract was done by UV . In antioxidant assays and in efficacy of the flower extract were analyzed by respective in assays. identification of in CPF was identified by using GC-MS analysis revealed secondary metabolites in the extract, and further analysis of the extract was performed. Quantitative estimation revealed an accountable amount of secondary metabolites like (47.66mg/g acid equivalent), (24mg/g equivalent), (41mg/g equivalent), and alkaloids (1.79mg/g of extracted plant material). analysis (GC-MS) also confirmed convincing compounds in the extract. From in antioxidant and assay, the IC50 value of the extract of CPF was measured and compared with standard, and from the results, it was evident that the extract had significant in antioxidant and activity. the above results, it can be confirmed thatCPF has got significant and therapeutically active ingredients, as evident in analysis. This is further supported by considerable antioxidant and properties observed in respective assays.
Importance of Prevention and Control of Coronovirus Disease (Covid-19) in Dental and Oral Hospital
Authors: Aslam M. Ridhatul Aslam , Suryawati Chriswardani , Agushybana Farid
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus has become certain threat toward dental and oral healthcare, therefore Dental and Oral Hospital as healthcare and academic facilities in dentistry should notice to conduct Coronavirus (Covid-19) prevention and control efforts. The article aims to analyze the importance of policies on Coronavirus (Covid-19) prevention and control in Dental and Oral Hospital. The Literature Review used in the article was Systematic Literature review method by analyzing 429 arcticles in the search engine of WHO scientific articles related to the key words and obtained 13 articles which were collected as the literature study materials which were related to the theme of the implementation of Coronavirus (Covid-19) prevention and control policies. Based on the result of the study it may get conlcuded that the Management Role of Dental and Oral Hospital as the designer and the instigator of healthcare service and academic activities implementation is very crucial. Commitment of the stakeholders should be performed yet need to consider the guidelines aspect which is suggested and used from various references as well as the central government’s policies to apply effective Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) prevention and control. In the prevention and control related to dentistry academic activities it requires an available smart gadget and application to enable students listening and reviewing lectures at anywhere and anytime possible. Therefore, the implementation of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) prevention and control may run effectively and efficiently.
Improved the Cans Waste Classification Rate of Naïve Bayes using Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Resti Yulia , Burlian Firmansyah , Yani Irsyadi , Zayanti Des Alwine , Sari Indah Meiliana
Published: July 2020

Cans is one type of inorganic waste that can take up to hundreds of years to be decomposed on the ground so that recycling is the right solution for managing cans waste. In the recycling industry, can classification systems are needed for the sorting system automation. This paper discusses the cans classification system based on the digital images using the Naive Bayes method, where the input variables are the pixel values of red, green, and blue (RGB) color, and the image of the can is captured by placing it on a conveyor belt which runs at a certain speed. The average accuracy rate of the k-fold cross-validation which is less satisfactory from the classification system obtained using the original Naive Bayes model is corrected using the fuzzy approach. This approach succeeded in improving the average accuracy of the can classification system which was originally from 52.99% to 88.02% or an increase of 60.2%, where the standard deviation decreased from 15.72% to only 3%.

Cans is one type of inorganic waste that can take up to hundreds of years to be decomposed on the ground so that recycling is the right solution for managing cans waste. In the recycling industry, can classification systems are needed for the sorting system automation. This paper discusses the cans classification system based on the digital images using the Naive Bayes method, where the input variables are the pixel values of red, green, and blue (RGB) color, and the image of the can is captured by placing it on a conveyor belt which runs at a certain speed. The average accuracy rate of the k-fold cross-validation which is less satisfactory from the classification system obtained using the original Naive Bayes model is corrected using the fuzzy approach. This approach succeeded in improving the average accuracy of the can classification system which was originally from 52.99% to 88.02% or an increase of 60.2%, where the standard deviation decreased from 15.72% to only 3%.
The Chitosan-Sodium Alginate Submicro Particles Loading Herbal of Ethanolic Exract of Leaves Senna Alata. L for Curing of Bacterial Infection on Skin
Authors: Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Sholihah Indah , Jaya Thio Gunawan
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Mardiyanto 1*, Indah Solihah 1, and Thio Gunawan Jaya 1

1Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science Sriwijaya University

*Corresponding Author : mardiyantoUNSRI@gmail.com

This research was performed to detect the activity of the optimum formula of chitosan and sodium alginate submicro particles loading of the ethanol extract of leaves ketepeng cina (Senna alata L.) to P. acne growth. Submicro manufactured particles was used three variations of the formula from three of volume used of calcium chloride (CaCl2): 20, 40, and 100 mL based on ionic gelation method. The results obtained of %EE in formulas 1, 2 and 3 were 78.56%, 81.71%, and 77.48%. Formula 2 with a value of % EE of 81.71% was used as an optimum formula which indicates that the particles are well protected by chitosan and sodium alginate polymers so as to prevent particle damage during the homogenization process. The results of the diameter measurements showed that the optimal formula enters in the submicro particle range with the value obtained is 525,9455 nm. The submicro formula of chitosan alginate particles loading the ketepeng cina leaf ethanol extract was barely homogeneous which based on the results obtained by the PSA was 0.433 of PDI. The zeta potential value was +3.5 mV. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis or X ̶ Ray Diffraction produce a pattern shaped amorph with the resulting peak does not have a wide distance and pattern. In vivo testing using ketepeng cina leaf extract as submicro was decreased the P. acne lesion faster than using only ketepeng cina leaf extract because the submicro particle preparation has a small particle that is below to 600 nm making it easier to penetrate the skin pores to reach the target. The results of the analysis of the curing of many lesions on the skin of mice have a significance value of homogeneity. The one-way ANOVA test of < 0.05 was a significant effect of the test group on the decreasing in the number of lesions on the skin of the mouse.
Unveiling Social Gratifications Sought and Obtained from Social Media Utilization
Authors: Raji Ridwan Adetunji , Arikewuyo Olawale Abdulgaffar , Oladimeji Adeyemi Adeyemo Saheed , Pahore Muhammad Ramzan
Published: July 2020

Going by the proposition of the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), people are motivated to use media by various psychological factors and for obtaining different forms of gratifications. However, as social media continue to play an essential role in shaping the sociability and bridging social connectivity and interactions among its users, therefore, this study seeks to incorporate social influence and social interactions as the social gratification sought in social media utilization, as well as both bonding and bridging social capital as social gratification obtained from social media utilization. An online survey was conducted among 400 users of Instagram in Nigeria. The data analyzed with PLS-SEM revealed that social influence and social interaction significantly motivate social media utilization. Also, social media utilization is significantly associated with bonding and bridging social capital. Impliedly, this study shows that social media is a social and networking tool which is stimulated by social factors and for achieving social purposes such as getting help, support and community engagements.
Consuming Representations of Korean TV Dramas among Indonesian Muslim Youth
Authors: Rosidi Imron
Published: July 2020

This article dealt with Korean TV dramas consumption among Muslim youth in Pekanbaru. It aimed to undestand their interpretations on the television dramas. The values of being a Muslim was constantly under scrutiny by the image representation in Korean TV Dramas. As transnational cultural products, they were considered as reducing Islamic values for Muslim youth. Using ethnographic study, forty two informants were selected based on a purposive sampling technique in which they loved on consuming Korean TV dramas. This article found that Muslim youth were active audiences consuming and interpreting Korean TV dramas. This can be seen from two characteristics. The first is that Muslim youth consumption of Korean TV dramas was not dominantly done through television medium, but through their lapptop. As a result, their position as an active audiences or viewers was obvious. This was because the dramas to be watched were not interrupted by some advertisements. The audiences could also actively watch them without depending on the schedule decided by television stations. The second is that young Muslims watching Korean TV dramas did not accept some representations contradictory with their Islamic identity. However, some of Korean TV dramas were accepted due to their proximity with Islamic values.
(Opportunities) Death of Newspaper Industry in Digital Age and Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Supadiyanto Supadiyanto
Published: July 2020

Newspaper industry is entering a state of emergency in Indonesia. Dewan Pers demands that the government provide incentives to press companies during Covid-19. The growth in the number of internet users, the downward trend in advertising revenue, and the number of newspaper circulation are problems in the print media business. List of questions in this study: what are the trends in the use of internet technology and social media in Indonesia?; why did various newspaper companies in Indonesia collapse and die in the digital era?; how is the effort to save the newspaper business? Meanwhile, the research paradigm is qualitative. The time of the study is November 2019 to May 2020. The results of this research, the growth in the number of internet users has been extraordinary in the last 20 years. Signs of the newspaper era are over, strengthened by many newspaper companies turning to online media. The number of readers fell, the number of advertisers plummeted, number of copies narrowed, and the cost of producing newspapers became increasingly expensive to cause the closure of various newspaper companies. Rescue by attracting young readers and doing various innovations. Tragically, the print media industry will end and die on its own.
5G, Religion, and Misconceptions in Communication during Covid-19 in Nigeria
Authors: Ndinojuo Ben-Collins Emeka
Published: July 2020

5G was test-launched in Nigeria in 2019 to improve its communication technology, conspiracy theorists, however, linked 5G to the outbreak of the Covid-19. As with conspiracies, the ‘who’ that lends credence to it affects how far it travels. Pastor Chris Oyakhilome, founder of Believers LoveWorld, added his voice to the 5G debate, claiming that Covid-19 lockdown was decoy to sequester the population for government to covertly deploy 5G. This study is important because it addresses the issue of fake news and its ability to cause civil disobedience in the society. Using secondary research method, content analysis was used to review arguments on 5G controversy in the Nigerian context. Findings revealed that government appealed for calm and stated that no license for the installation of 5G has been issued yet. Technology enthusiasts and media organizations put out fact-checking information in support of the technology. Various arguments indicate that no one really understands the full capabilities of 5G and its long-term effect on living organisms and the environment. It is recommended that more tests be carried out in varying conditions to understand the tolerance limit of the technology, and for the government to be transparent in its public communication.
Advances and Perspectives in Using Medical Informatics for Steering Surgical Robots in Welding and Training of Welders Applying Long-Distance Communication Links
Authors: Prusak Zbigniew , Tadeusiewicz Ryszard , Jastrzębski Ryszard , Jastrzębska Ilona
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses various challenges in remote welding with a surgical robot equipped with a digital camera used to observe the welding zone, in particular the difficulty in detecting the boundaries of the weld pool. The difference in the processing of the real image by the human brain is discussed in comparison with the image in the form of a film from a digital camera. In addition to the need of performing the second derivative of the image in real-time, three models of human recognition of an image were discussed, one of which was already studied by researchers from Cambridge, UK. The concept of melting the base material by bending the weld pool with the pressure of non-ionized arc gases and the American implementation of the measurement of the third dimension of the weld pool and determining the weld penetration by electronics of the welding machine are discussed. Desired movement trajectories of the electrode tip based on the physics of the welding arc and welding technology are presented along with difficulties in teaching the movements to welding trainees. Basics of the neural model of the brain with the vector model of artificial intelligence are also presented.
Bobbin Up as a Social Reproduction Text
Authors: McNeill Dougal
Published: July 2020

Reading Dorothy Hewett's Bobbin Up (1959) with the tools provided by recent advances in social reproduction theory, this essay suggests that Hewett's text develops a richer and more sophisticated account of the relations between waged and unwaged labour than previous materialist critics have acknowledged. In turn, it reads Bobbin Up for the ways Hewett's fiction can provide insights for social reproduction theorists. Hewett's novel, this essay argues, builds a specifically social-reproduction poetics.
Validation of an online questionnaire of vocabulary learning strategies for ESL learners
Authors: Gu PY
Published: July 2020

© 2018, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. All rights reserved. This article reports on the updating and validation of a questionnaire for vocabulary learning strategies. An English as a second language (ESL) version of the Vocabulary Learning Questionnaire (VLQ), first published in Gu and Johnson (1996), was created based on its latest version. Two response formats were piloted, that is, a paper version with a 7-point Likert scale and an online version with a 100-point slider bar. A series of validation procedures resulted in a 62-item instrument which was then administered online among 682 English language learners at the tertiary level in China. The paper presents evidence of content validity, construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and predictive validity. It also provides suggestions for interpreting and using the questionnaire for both research and instructional purposes.
Researching tasks
Authors: Newton Jonathan
Published: July 2020

No description supplied
Task complexity effects on the complexity and accuracy of writing via text chat
Authors: Adams R , Alwi NA Nik Mohd , Newton Jonathan
Published: July 2020

© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Despite limitations with text chat as a mode of writing (e.g., a simplified register, short turns), researchers have argued that it offers unique advantages as a site for language practice. However, realizing these advantages in second language (L2) writing-to-learn environments may depend on whether tasks are implemented in a way that facilitates learners' attention to language form in their writing. It follows that the design and selection of appropriate tasks to use in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) are key issues. Inspired by the Cognition Hypothesis (. Robinson, 2005), the current study examined the role of two instructional interventions related to task implementation-the amount of task structure and inclusion of language support-in promoting accurate and complex writing via text chat by L2 learners in a classroom setting. Data were collected from 96 students performing an engineering simulation task via text chat. The learners were placed in one of four counterbalanced experimental groups. Analysis of the chat exchanges provided evidence that task complexity influenced the accuracy of student writing in line with the Cognition Hypothesis. However, the influence of task complexity on the linguistic complexity of their writing failed to match predictions of the Cognition Hypothesis.
Listening in the language classroom: Opportunity standards for effective pedagogy
Authors: Newton Jonathan
Published: July 2020

No description supplied
Task repetition and the public performance of speaking tasks in EFL classes at a Vietnamese high school
Authors: Newton Jonathan , Nguyen Bao Trang Thi
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of language-related episodes (LREs) in interactive tasks performed by pairs
of Vietnamese English Foreign Language (EFL) learners and the extent to which linguistic knowledge targeted in these LREs was
transferred to subsequent public performance (PP) of the same tasks in front of the class. Task performance data was collected
from 24 pairs of learners from six intact grade 11 EFL classes at a Vietnamese high school as they carried out two interactive
speaking tasks in consecutive weeks, first privately in pairs and then, within the same lesson, publically in front of the class.
Teachers and learners were also interviewed. Results showed LREs to be frequent in task rehearsals. The majority of LREs were
resolved correctly by the learners and led to more accurate use of the targeted linguistic items in subsequent public performance.
The results and supporting interview data shows how, in this school, the practice of asking learners to repeat the performance of
tasks in front of the class positively affected learner engagement and enriched the language learning opportunities available
through interactive oral tasks.
Comparative book review of: Kirkpatrick, A. & Sussex, R. (Eds.) (2012). English as an international language in Asia: Implications for language education. New York: Springer, and Wee, L., Goh, R. B. H. & Lim, L. (Eds.) (2013). The politics of English: South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Asia Pacific. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
Authors: Newton Jonathan
Published: July 2020

No description supplied
Incidental vocabulary learning in classroom communication tasks
Authors: Newton Jonathan
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the ways in which two groups of four adult learners of English as a second language (ESL) responded to unfamiliar words they encountered in four communication tasks and the effect that different levels of engagement with these words (including negotiation of form and meaning) had on subsequent recall of word meaning. Of the four tasks, two were information gap tasks and two were opinion gap tasks. The results showed a strong task type effect on both the amount and type of negotiation, with more negotiation of the form of words (including spelling and pronunciation) in the information gap tasks and, conversely, more negotiation of meaning in the opinion gap tasks. Through the negotiation process, the learners in the study provided accurate information to each other on word meaning. However, only a small proportion of the total number of unfamiliar words in the tasks were actually negotiated for meaning. The prediction that negotiated words would be more likely to be learnt was confirmed, although the learners also showed improved recall of many words that had not been negotiated. Averaged across learners and tasks, the post-test gains approximated to four instances of word learning per 30 minutes of task work, a gain measured three days after the words were met in the tasks. Seen as a proportion of unfamiliar words in the pre-test these are gains of around one in every three unfamiliar words met in the tasks. The finding that much of the improved recall of word meaning was for words that had not been negotiated indicates that the role of negotiation in learning through communication tasks needs to be viewed from a wider perspective. © The Author(s) 2013.
Incidental learning of collocation
Authors: Webb S , Newton Jonathan , Chang A
Published: July 2020

No description supplied
Writing to learn via text chat: Task implementation and focus on form
Authors: Nik A , Adams R , Newton Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Research has shown that task-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) can foster attention to linguistic form in ways that may promote language learning (c.f., Blake, 2000; Smith, 2003, 2005). However, relatively little research has investigated how differences in the way that tasks are used in CMC settings influence learning opportunities during the task. In an attempt to shed light on the manner in which second language (L2) writing may contribute to L2 development, this chapter presents an empirical study of how two implementation features (degree of task structure and provision of language support) of a writing group task in simultaneous text-CMC influenced learner attention to linguistic form. The analysis draws on data from text chat performance and post-task group interviews to illustrate how aspects of task implementation in a technology-enhanced learning environment may promote attention to language expression and encourage collaborative work on language errors during writing task performance. © 2012 Elsevier Inc..