bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Automated 3D Measurement of Coronary Luminal Narrowing and Risk of Future Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Candreva Alessandro , Lodi Rizzini Maurizio , Calò Karol , Pagnoni Mattia , Munhoz Daniel , Chiastra Claudio , Aben Jean-Paul , Fournier Stephane , Muller Olivier , De Bruyne Bernard , Collet Carlos , Gallo Diego , Morbiducci Umberto
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on identifying anatomical markers with predictive capacity for long-term myocardial infarction (MI) in focal coronary artery disease (CAD). Eighty future culprit lesions (FCL) and 108 non-culprit lesions (NCL) from 80 patients underwent 3D quantitative coronary angiography. The minimum lumen area (MLA), minimum lumen ratio (MLR), and vessel fractional flow reserve (vFFR) were evaluated. MLR was defined as the ratio between MLA and the cross-sectional area at the proximal lesion edge, with lower values indicating more abrupt luminal narrowing. Significant differences were observed between FCL and NCL in MLR (0.41 vs. 0.53, p < 0.001). MLR correlated inversely with translesional vFFR (r =  − 0.26, p = 0.0004) and was the strongest predictor of MI at 5 years (AUC = 0.75). Lesions with MLR < 0.40 had a fourfold increased MI incidence at 5 years. MLR is a robust predictor of future adverse coronary events.

Graphical Abstract

The minimum lumen ratio (MLR) is defined as the ratio between the minimum lumen area (MLA) and the cross-sectional area at the proximal edge of the lesion (PROXA). A lower MLR suggests a more pronounced luminal narrowing upstream of the MLA. This specific anatomical lesion characteristic correlates with higher translesional pressure gradients and has been found to be highly predictive of lesion destabilization over a 5-year period. Notably, lesions exhibiting MLR values below 0.399 were associated with a fourfold increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) within the same timeframe.
Doorstroom van de gecombineerde leefstijlinterventie naar lokaal beweeg- en sportaanbod
Authors: Saat Jenneke , Bouten Judith , Schouten Sophie
Published: March 2024

Samenvatting

Om inzicht te krijgen in factoren die een rol spelen bij de doorstroom van kinderen die deelnemen aan een gecombineerde leefstijlinterventie (GLI) naar lokaal beweeg- en sportaanbod, zijn focusgroepgesprekken gehouden met zorgverleners die een GLI uitvoeren. Zowel de bevorderende als de belemmerende factoren rond de doorstroom hebben betrekking op het lokale aanbod zelf, op de motivatie van kind, ouder en zorgverleners, en op mogelijkheden wat betreft verantwoordelijkheden en beschikbare uren van zorgverleners. Professionals betrokken bij het (her)ontwerpen of uitvoeren van een GLI wordt aanbevolen zo veel mogelijk bevorderende factoren te verwerken in de protocollen van GLI’s en belemmerende factoren aan te pakken.
Germany’s 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Demetriou Yolanda , Beck Franziska , Sturm David , Abu-Omar Karim , Forberger Sarah , Hebestreit Antje , Hohmann Andreas , Hülse Heike , Kläber Mischa , Kobel Susanne , Köhler Karsten , König Stefan , Krug Susanne , Manz Kristin , Messing Sven , Mutz Michael , Niermann Christina , Niessner Claudia , Schienkiewitz Anja , Schmidt Steffen , Schnitzius Melina , Siener Maximilian , Speer Andreas , Wagner Petra , Wäsche Hagen , Reimers Anne K.
Published: March 2024

The German Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents 2022 provides a summary and a comprehensive evaluation of physical activity levels and correlated indicators using the Active Healthy Kids Canada grading framework. The 2022 German Report Card, established by the Active Healthy Kids Germany (AHK Germany) expert panel, describes to what degree German youth meets the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior. Additionally, distal and proximal determinants, settings, as well as strategies and investments towards improvements in physical activity were analyzed by assigning grades to the eleven Report Card indicators using established benchmarks. Most children and adolescents in Germany failed to meet the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior and engaged in high sitting durations. Therefore, we assigned poor grades for Overall Physical Activity (D−) and slightly higher grades for Sedentary Behavior (C). Moderately positive scores were observed for specific physical activity behaviors such as Active Transportation (C) and Non-organized Physical Activity and Active Play (C−). Organized Sport Participation was the only behavioral indicator receiving a good grade (B−). Grades were moderately positive for Settings and Sources of Influence (Family and Friends: C; School: B−; Community and Environment: B−). For the indicators within the group of Individual Characteristics, we were able to assign a grade to Physical Fitness (D+), whereas the indicator Overweight and Obesity was not rated (INC). We also assigned an incomplete grade for the Government indicator due to the need for objective criteria for grading policies, indicating data gaps potentially crucial for future research.
Separating hard clean samples from noisy samples with samples’ learning risk for DNN when learning with noisy labels
Authors: Deng Lihui , Yang Bo , Kang Zhongfeng , Wu Jiajin , Li Shaosong , Xiang Yanping
Published: March 2024

Learning with Noisy Labels (LNL) methods aim to improve the accuracy of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) when the training set contains samples with noisy or incorrect labels, and have become popular in recent years. Existing popular LNL methods frequently regard samples with high learning difficulty (high-loss and low prediction probability) as noisy samples; however, irregular feature patterns from hard clean samples can also cause high learning difficulty, which can lead to the misclassification of hard clean samples as noisy samples. To address this insufficiency, we propose the Samples’ Learning Risk-based Learning with Noisy Labels (SLRLNL) method. Specifically, we propose to separate noisy samples from hard clean samples using samples’ learning risk, which represents samples’ influence on DNN’s accuracy . We show that samples’ learning risk is comprehensively determined by samples’ learning difficulty as well as samples’ feature similarity to other samples, and thus, compared to existing LNL methods that solely rely on the learning difficulty, our method can better separate hard clean samples from noisy samples, since the former frequently possess irregular feature patterns. Moreover, to extract more useful information from samples with irregular feature patterns (i.e., hard samples), we further propose the Relabeling-based Label Augmentation (RLA) process to prevent the memorization of hard noisy samples and better learn the hard clean samples, thus enhancing the learning for hard samples. Empirical studies show that samples’ learning risk can identify noisy samples more accurately, and the RLA process can enhance the learning for hard samples. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we compare it with popular existing LNL methods on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Animal-10N, Clothing1M, and Docred. The experimental results indicate that our method outperforms other existing methods. The source code for SLRLNL can be found at https://github.com/yangbo1973/SLRLNL.
Mechanical properties of continuous glass fibre-reinforced composites made by material extrusion
Authors: Dong Chensong , Davies Ian J.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the mechanical properties of continuous glass fibre-reinforced composites fabricated using the material extrusion technique. Specimens with varying numbers of reinforcement layers are 3D printed using a MarkForged Mark Two printer. Both flexural and tensile tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of these specimens. In addition, a numerical modelling approach based on finite-element analysis (FEA) is developed to simulate the flexural and tensile properties of the composites. A comparison between the model predictions and experimental results reveals a reasonable agreement. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the emerging field of continuous fibre-reinforced 3D printing technology, enabling users to design and fabricate parts that meet the specific requirements of their applications with a high level of confidence.
Dead Books
Authors: Amlinger Carolin
Published: March 2024

Der Beitrag analysiert die paradoxen Dynamiken des Buchmarkts im 20. Jahrhundert, dessen Konzentration auf Beachtungserfolge zugleich zur beschleunigten Depopularisierung von literarischen Werken führt. Vergangene Popularität wird als eine strukturelle Nebenfolge unsicherer ästhetischer Märkte interpretiert, auf denen Erfolg kaum planbar ist. Ausgehend von dieser Beobachtung stellt der Beitrag die These auf, dass die beschleunigte Depopularisierung von Werken Praktiken der Repopularisierung nach sich zieht, indem ehemals erfolgreiche Werke auf Nebenmärkten erneut wertbildend positioniert werden. Am Beispiel von Buchgemeinschaften und Modernen Antiquariaten wird untersucht, wie ein Perspektivwechsel eine neue Valorisierung von Werken auf einem zweiten Markt ermöglicht. Dadurch soll gezeigt werden, dass die zeitliche Struktur der Inwertsetzung einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung und den Wert von literarischen Werken ausübt.
Estimation of the TFP Gap for the Largest Five EMU Countries
Authors: Carstensen Kai , Kießner Felix , Rossian Thies
Published: March 2024

In this paper we extend the Bayesian unobserved components model of the EU Commission to estimate the cyclical component of total factor productivity (TFP gap) with a factor structure that includes a wide array of business cycle indicators. We demonstrate that this model extension considerably stabilizes the estimate of the TFP gap for the largest five EMU countries. Specifically, consider the usual autumn forecast of the EU Commission in October of a year: Using the model extension, we reduce the year-to-year revisions in the TFP gap estimates of the current year and the two previous years by up to 30 percent. Revision reductions for the two years ahead also considered by the EU Commission are quantitatively smaller (up to 10 percent) but still relevant. The results do vary across countries but are qualitatively robust with respect to different indicator sets, model specifications, and vintages considered.
Recent Advances in Redox Flow Batteries Employing Metal Coordination Complexes as Redox-Active Species
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Yiju , Jia Guocheng , Zhao Tianshou
Published: March 2024

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) that employ sustainable, abundant, and structure-tunable redox-active species are of great interest for large-scale energy storage. As a vital class of redox-active species, metal coordination complexes (MCCs) possessing the properties of both the organic ligands and transition metal ion centers are attracting increasing attention due to the advantages of multielectron charge transfer, high structural tailorability, and reduced material crossover. Herein, we present a critical overview of RFBs that employ MCCs as redox-active materials in both aqueous and nonaqueous mediums. The progress is comprehensively summarized, including the design strategies, solubility characteristics, electrochemical properties, and battery cycling performance of MCCs. Emphasis is placed on the ligand selection and modification strategies used to tune the critical properties of MCCs, including their redox potential, solubility, cycling stability, and electron transfer redox reactions, to achieve stable cycled RFBs with a high energy density. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and perspectives related to the development of MCC-based RFBs for large-scale energy storage implementations.

Graphical abstract
A novel intelligent system based on machine learning for hydrochar multi-target prediction from the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
Authors: Zhang Weijin , Zhou Junhui , Liu Qian , Xu Zhengyong , Peng Haoyi , Leng Lijian , Li Hailong
Published: March 2024

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical conversion technology to produce hydrochar from wet biomass without drying, but it is time-consuming and expensive to experimentally determine the optimal HTC operational conditions of specific biomass to produce desired hydrochar. Therefore, a machine learning (ML) approach was used to predict and optimize hydrochar properties. Specifically, biochemical components (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) of biomass were predicted and analyzed first via elementary  composition. Then, accurate single-biomass (no mixture) based ML multi-target models (average R2 = 0.93 and RMSE = 2.36) were built to predict and optimize the hydrochar properties (yield, elemental composition, elemental atomic ratio, and higher heating value). Biomass composition (elemental and biochemical), proximate analyses, and HTC conditions were inputs herein. Interpretation of the model results showed that ash, temperature, and the N and C content of biomass were the most critical factors affecting the hydrochar properties, and that the relative importance of biochemical composition (25%) for the hydrochar was higher than that of operating conditions (19%). Finally, an intelligent system was constructed based on a multi-target model, verified by applying it to predict the atomic ratios (N/C, O/C, and H/C). It could also be extended to optimize hydrochar production from the HTC of single-biomass samples with experimental validation and to predict hydrochar from the co-HTC of mixed biomass samples reported in the literature. This study advances the field by integrating predictive modeling, intelligent systems, and mechanistic insights, offering a holistic approach to the precise control and optimization of hydrochar production through HTC.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of biochar on soil microbial community, dissipation and uptake of chlorpyrifos and atrazine
Authors: Singh Raghvendra Pratap , Yadav Ranu , Pandey Versha , Singh Anupama , Singh Mayank , Shanker Karuna , Khare Puja
Published: March 2024

For the application of biochar in restoring pesticide-contaminated soils and minimizing the risk associated with their uptake in plants, it is crucial to understand the biochar impact on soil biological activities and dissipation and accumulation of pesticides in plant and soil systems. In this study, the effect of Mentha-distilled waste-derived biochar was investigated on chlorpyrifos and atrazine contaminated sandy loam soil. The four application rates of atrazine (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg kg−1) and chlorpyrifos (2, 4, 6, and 12 mg kg−1) and a single application rate of biochar (4%) were used in this study. The degradation of pesticides, the diversity of the bacterial community, and enzymatic activities (alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase, phenol oxidase, urease activity and N-acetyl glucosaminidase) were examined in soil. The uptake of two pesticides and their effect on growth and stress parameters were also investigated in plants (A. paniculata). The dissipation of chlorpyrifos and atrazine followed simple first-order kinetics with a half-life of 6.6–74.6 and 21–145 days, respectively. The presence of deisopropyl atrazine desethyl atrazine (metabolites of atrazine) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (a metabolite of chlorpyrifos) was observed in soil and plant tissues. Biochar application significantly (p = 0.001) enhanced the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos and atrazine leading to the lower half-life of chlorpyrifos and atrazine in soil. A significant reduction (p = 0.001) in the uptake of chlorpyrifos and atrazine and alteration in their binding affinity and uptake rate in plant tissues was observed in biochar treatments. The incorporation of biochar improved chlorpyrifos/atrazine degrader and plant growth-promoting bacterial genera such as Balneimonas, Kaistobacter, Rubrobacter, Ammoniphilus, and Bacillus. The upregulation of functional genes associated with nucleotide, energy, carbohydrate, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, and metabolism: atrazine degradation was observed in biochar treatments. The biochar amendments significantly (p = 0.001) reduced the plant’s uptake velocity (Vmax) and affinity (Km) of chlorpyrifos and atrazine. These results delineated that Mentha-distilled waste-derived biochar can potentially remediate chlorpyrifos and atrazine contaminated soils and ensure the safety of plants for consumption.

Graphical Abstract
Biochar-mediated remediation of uranium-contaminated soils: evidence, mechanisms, and perspectives
Authors: Huang Fengyu , Dong Faqin , Chen Li , Zeng Yi , Zhou Lei , Sun Shiyong , Wang Zhe , Lai Jinlong , Fang Linchuan
Published: March 2024

Soil contamination by uranium presents a burgeoning global environmental concern, exerting detrimental effects on both agricultural production and soil health. Biochar, a carbonaceous material derived from biomass pyrolysis, exhibits considerable potential for remediating uranium-contaminated soils. However, a comprehensive review of the effects of biochar on the fate and accumulation of uranium in soil–plant systems remains conspicuously absent. In this paper, uranium sources and contamination are reviewed, and the impact of biochar on uranium immobilization and detoxification in soil–plant systems is analyzed. We reviewed the status of uranium contamination in soils globally and found that mining activities are currently the main sources. Further meta-analysis revealed that biochar addition significantly reduced the soil uranium bioavailability and shoot uranium accumulation, and their effect value is 58.9% (40.8–76.8%) and 39.7% (15.7–63.8%), respectively. Additionally, biochar enhances the soil microenvironment, providing favourable conditions for promoting plant growth and reducing uranium mobility. We focused on the mechanisms governing the interaction between biochar and uranium, emphasising the considerable roles played by surface complexation, reduction, ion exchange, and physical adsorption. The modification of biochar by intensifying these mechanisms can promote uranium immobilisation in soils. Finally, biochar alleviates oxidative stress and reduces uranium accumulation in plant tissues, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of uranium on plant growth and development. Overall, our review highlights the capacity of biochar to remediate uranium contamination in soil–plant systems through diverse mechanisms, providing valuable insights for sustainable environmental remediation.

Highlights

Biochar reduces uranium mobility through a variety of mechanisms, including surface complexation, reduction, ion exchange, and physical adsorption.

Biochar significantly reduces uranium bioavailability in soil and limits its accumulation in plants.

Modified biochar has been shown to enhance its effectiveness in immobilising uranium.

Biochar application to soil not only promotes uranium remediation but also improves soil quality.

Graphical Abstract
Microbial mechanisms of organic matter mineralization induced by straw in biochar-amended paddy soil
Authors: Liu Qi , Wu Cuiyan , Wei Liang , Wang Shuang , Deng Yangwu , Ling Wenli , Xiang Wu , Kuzyakov Yakov , Zhu Zhenke , Ge Tida
Published: March 2024

Combined straw and straw-derived biochar input is commonly applied by farmland management in low-fertility soils. Although straw return increases soil organic matter (SOM) contents, it also primes SOM mineralization. The mechanisms by which active microorganisms mineralize SOM and the underlying factors remain unclear for such soils. To address these issues, paddy soil was amended with 13C-labeled straw, with and without biochar (BC) or ferrihydrite (Fh), and incubated for 70 days under flooded conditions. Compound-specific 13C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (13C-PLFAs) allowed us to identify active microbial communities utilizing the 13C-labeled straw and specific groups involved in SOM mineralization. Cumulative SOM mineralization increased by 61% and 27% in soils amended with Straw + BC and Straw + Fh + BC, respectively, compared to that with straw only. The total PLFA content was independent of the straw and biochar input. However, 13C-PLFAs contents increased by 35–82% after biochar addition, reflecting accelerated microbial turnover. Compared to that in soils without biochar addition, those with biochar had an altered microbial community composition-increased amounts of 13C-labeled gram-positive bacteria (13C-Gram +) and fungi, which were the main active microorganisms mineralizing SOM. Microbial reproduction and growth were susceptible to nutrient availability. 13C-Gram + and 13C-fungi increased with Olsen P but decreased with dissolved organic carbon and $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$

NO

3

-

contents. In conclusion, biochar acts as an electron shuttle, stimulates iron reduction, and releases organic carbon from soil minerals, which in turn increases SOM mineralization. Gram + and fungi were involved in straw decomposition in response to biochar application and responsible for SOM mineralization.

Graphical Abstract
Application of Intramedullary Calcar Support Plate and Lateral Locking Plate in Elderly Patients with Neer 3 and 4-Part Fractures of Proximal Humerus Through a Deltoid Splitting Approach
Authors: Wang Yijun , Zhao Liang , Liu Can , Qin Kang
Published: March 2024

Background

The reduction and fixation of Medial humeral calcar is difficult in the treatment of elderly proximal humerus Neer 3 and 4-part fractures with a single lateral locking plate. Our study investigated the efficacy of an intramedullary calcar supporting plate combined with a lateral locking plate for the treatment of 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly through a deltoid splitting approach.

Methods

From June 2022 to December 2022, we treated six elderly patients with Neer 3 and 4-part fractures using proximal humeral intramedullary calcar support plate in combination with lateral locking plate through a deltoid splitting approach. Follow-up time was 6–12 months. Assessment indicators included fracture union, quality of reduction, and complication rate. The Constant-Murley score was used to record shoulder function at 6 months postoperatively.

Results

All 6 patients showed fracture union and anatomic reduction. Constant-Murley score was 79.5 (70–90) at 6 months postoperatively. There was no incision non-healing, internal fixation failure, bone non-union or surgical site infection, secondary surgery, or death. Shoulder impingement occurred in 1 case.

Conclusion

Proximal humeral intramedullary calcar support plate combined with lateral locking plate fixation through a deltoid splitting approach can effectively maintain fracture reduction, prevent inversion collapse of humeral head and internal fixation failure, and provide satisfactory clinical results at an early stage.
Depth-First Search Performance in a Random Digraph with Geometric Outdegree Distribution
Authors: Jacquet Philippe , Janson Svante
Published: March 2024

We present an analysis of the depth-first search algorithm in a random digraph model with independent outdegrees having a geometric distribution. The results include asymptotic results for the depth profile of vertices, the height (maximum depth) and average depth, the number of trees in the forest, the size of the largest and second-largest trees, and the numbers of arcs of different types in the depth-first jungle. Most results are first order. For the height, we show an asymptotic normal distribution. This analysis, proposed by Donald Knuth in his next to appear volume of The Art of Computer Programming, gives interesting insight in one of the most elegant and efficient algorithm for graph analysis due to Tarjan.
Working condition recognition of fused magnesium furnace based on stochastic configuration networks and reinforcement learning
Authors: Li Weitao , Guan Shuzhi , Zhang Qian , Sun Wei , Li Qiyue
Published: March 2024

Automatic and accurate recognition of abnormal working conditions of fused magnesia furnace is of great significance to the safe and reliable production of fused magnesia. Aiming at the defects of manual judgment of abnormal working conditions in the production process of fused magnesium furnace and the existing recognition method of abnormal working conditions based on machine learning, this paper proposes a working condition recognition model for fused magnesium furnace based on stochastic configuration networks and reinforcement learning. Firstly, a hybrid data augmentation method of generative and non-generative is used to obtain high-quality sample data with salient features. Secondly, based on ResNeXt, multi-scale local features are extracted under the condition of limited parameter quantity by controlling the cardinality. Combining a mixed model that enjoys the benefit of both self-attention and convolution (ACmix) and bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN), the extracted local feature maps of different scales are cross-scale fused and focused, and more differentiated detailed feature information of the region of interest is retained. Thirdly, based on Transformer, the working condition recognition network of fused magnesium furnace is constructed to improve the global correlation between adjacent local features in the spatial dimension. The fused features are sent to stochastic configuration networks to establish a classification criterion for working condition recognition of fused magnesium furnace with generalization ability. Finally, reinforcement learning is used to evaluate the credibility of uncertain recognition results of samples in real time, and a self-optimizing adjustment action strategy at the Transformer encoding layer is defined. Build a library of Transformer models with different encoding layers, which is adapt to the different feature extraction requirements of multi-modal working samples. The experimental results show that the method in this paper has better recognition performance and generalization ability than other algorithms.
Strategies to increase the robustness of microbial cell factories
Authors: Xu Pei , Lin Nuo-Qiao , Zhang Zhi-Qian , Liu Jian-Zhong
Published: March 2024

Engineering microbial cell factories have achieved much progress in producing fuels, natural products and bulk chemicals. However, in industrial fermentation, microbial cells often face various predictable and stochastic disturbances resulting from intermediate metabolites or end product toxicity, metabolic burden and harsh environment. These perturbances can potentially decrease productivity and titer. Therefore, strain robustness is essential to ensure reliable and sustainable production efficiency. In this review, the current strategies to improve host robustness were summarized, including knowledge-based engineering approaches, such as transcription factors, membrane/transporters and stress proteins, and the traditional adaptive laboratory evolution based on natural selection. Computation-assisted (e.g. GEMs, deep learning and machine learning) design of robust industrial hosts was also introduced. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives on engineering microbial host robustness are proposed to promote the development of green, efficient and sustainable biomanufacturers.
Instructing the Young and Comforting the Aged in the Norwich and Norfolk Institution for the Indigent Blind, ca. 1805–55
Authors: Ottaway Susannah , Smart Adam , Schultz Michael
Published: March 2024

This article considers the ways that Enlightenment ideas and practices shaped the founding of the Norwich and Norfolk Institution for the Indigent Blind, and then analyzes the disparate approaches to the aged versus the working-age blind in its first half-century (ca. 1805–55). While we see change over time, we also find distinctive continuity in the ongoing close connections inmates kept with Norwich civic life and family and friends; this was emphatically not a closed asylum. The institution demonstrated consistent commitment to helping its pupils towards self-sufficiency, with optimism about what the blind could (literally) turn their hands to. Nonetheless, the Norwich Institution was disciplinary, actively seeking to produce docile, productive bodies among its blind pupils, both through education and through work habits. Time, labor, and moral discipline increased for pupils over the course of its first half-century, and girls and women were pushed into less economically rewarding work practices. Equally important, while it had an unwavering, humanitarian commitment to providing for the aged blind, its insistent characterization of these inmates as helpless and pitiable limited the potential of the institution to facilitate the well-being of its older residents.
Resonant response of a flexible semi-submersible floating structure: experimental analysis and second-order modelling
Authors: Lynggård Hansen Christine , Bredmose Henrik , Vincent Maude , Steffensen Stefan Emil , Pegalajar-Jurado Antonio , Jensen Bjarne , Dixen Martin
Published: March 2024

The dynamics and nonlinear wave forcing of a flexible floating structure are investigated experimentally and numerically. The floater was designed to match sub-harmonic rigid-body natural frequencies of typical floating wind turbine substructures, with the addition of a flexible bending mode. Experiments were carried out for three sea states with phase-shifted input signals to allow harmonic separation of the measured response. We find for the weakest sea states that sub-harmonic rigid-body motion is driven by even-harmonic difference frequency forcing, and by linear forcing for the strongest sea state. The flexible mode was tested in a soft, linearly forced layout, and a stiff layout, forced by second-, third- and fourth-harmonic frequency content, for increasing severity of the sea state. Further insight is gained by analysis of the amplitude scaling of the resonant response. A new simplified approach is proposed and compared with the recent method of Orszaghova et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 929, 2021, A32). We find that resonant surge and pitch motions are dominated by even-harmonic potential-flow forcing and that odd-harmonic response is mainly potential-flow driven in surge and mainly drag driven in pitch. The measured responses are reproduced numerically with second-order forcing and quadratic drag loads, using a recent and computationally efficient calculation method, extended here for the heave, pitch and flexible motions. We are able to reproduce the response statistics and power spectra for the measurements, including the subharmonic pitch and heave modes and the flexible mode. Deeper analysis reveals that inaccuracies in the even-harmonic forcing content can be compensated by the odd-harmonic loads.
Vortex line entanglement in active Beltrami flows
Authors: Romeo Nicolas , Słomka Jonasz , Dunkel Jörn , Burns Keaton J.
Published: March 2024

Over the last decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the topology of quasi-two-dimensional (2-D) non-equilibrium fluid flows driven by ATP-powered microtubules and microorganisms. By contrast, the topology of three-dimensional (3-D) active fluid flows still poses interesting open questions. Here, we study the topology of a spherically confined active flow using 3-D direct numerical simulations of generalized Navier–Stokes (GNS) equations at the scale of typical microfluidic experiments. Consistent with earlier results for unbounded periodic domains, our simulations confirm the formation of Beltrami-like bulk flows with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry in this model. Furthermore, by leveraging fast methods to compute linking numbers, we explicitly connect this chiral symmetry breaking to the entanglement statistics of vortex lines. We observe that the mean of linking number distribution converges to the global helicity, consistent with the asymptotic result by Arnold [In Vladimir I. Arnold – Collected Works (ed. A.B. Givental, B.A. Khesin, A.N. Varchenko, V.A. Vassiliev & O.Y. Viro), pp. 357–375. Springer]. Additionally, we characterize the rate of convergence of this measure with respect to the number and length of observed vortex lines, and examine higher moments of the distribution. We find that the full distribution is well described by a k-Gamma distribution, in agreement with an entropic argument. Beyond active suspensions, the tools for the topological characterization of 3-D vector fields developed here are applicable to any solenoidal field whose curl is tangent to or cancels at the boundaries of a simply connected domain.
The (New) American Political Tradition
Authors: Schulman Bruce J.
Published: March 2024

The year 2023 marked the seventy-fifth anniversary of the publication of Richard Hofstadter's The American Political Tradition: And the Men Who Made It—a bestselling book that captured the imagination of many of Hofstadter's fellow Americans in the early postwar period and, at the same time, defined the terms of argument for much of academic history for the next generation.1 It was also the book my high school teacher, Mr. Backfish, assigned in eleventh-grade Advanced Placement (AP) American History that helped transform me into a historian. So different was it from the dry, conventional textbook in both its riveting, sometimes acerbic prose and its unsentimental view of venerated figures in the American past. I still have my original copy (Figure 1).
DID EURIPIDES’ ANDROMACHE PREMIERE OUTSIDE ATHENS?
Authors: Meccariello Chiara
Published: March 2024

This article re-examines the scholium on Euripides, Andromache 445, which several scholars have used to support the claim that Andromache premiered outside Athens, and concludes that both the scholium itself and a remark in the play's hypothesis rather suggest that the play was produced in Athens as part of a dramatic competition.
CAERULEAN HOUNDS AND PUPPY-LIKE VOICES: THE CANINE ASPECTS OF ANCIENT SEA MONSTERS
Authors: Denson Ryan
Published: March 2024

This article examines the dog-like aspects and associations of two marine monsters of Graeco-Roman antiquity: Scylla and the κῆτος. Both harbour recognizably canine features in their depictions in ancient art, as well as being referenced as dogs or possessing dog-like attributes in ancient texts. The article argues that such distinctly canine elements are related to, and probably an extension of, the conceptualization of certain marine animals, most prominently sharks, as ‘sea dogs’. Accordingly, we should understand these two sea monsters and the sea dogs as being interrelated in the ancient imagination. Such a canine resonance to certain sea creatures offers a valuable insight into the Graeco-Roman imagination of the marine element as being the abode of creatures reminiscent of terrestrial dogs.
NEW LIGHT IN CHRISTODORUS: AN ACROSTIC AT ANTH. PAL. 2.72–6
Authors: Leventhal Max
Published: March 2024

This note identifies a new acrostic in Christodorus’ sixth century c.e.Ekphrasis of the Baths of Zeuxippus (Anth. Pal. 2) and explains its significance.
Reproduction of Marphysa sanguinea Annelida, Polychaeta (Eunicidae), at Mount Edgecombe, Plymouth, near the type locality in Southwest England
Authors: Olive Peter J.W. , Karageorgopoulos Perikles , Hutchings Pat A. , Lavesque Nicolas
Published: March 2024

The reproductive cycle of Marphysa sanguinea is described for a population at Mount Edgecombe, Plymouth, near the type location in Southwest England, using a data set obtained previously (October 1999 to September 2000). The species is iteroparous without schizogamy, spawning prior to October 1999 and during a short breeding season in 2000 from end August through September. The sexes are separate with a sex ratio of 1:1. Mature oocytes and spawned eggs are 215 μm in diameter and spermatozoa of the ectaqua sperm type. Mature gametes of both sexes are discharged through paired coelomoducts, and the diploid chromosome number is 28. Proliferation of new coelomic gametes from paired gonads began within a month of spawning and continued for 8–9 months but ovulation was suppressed in June and July. Attempts to undertake fertilisation using spawned oocytes and active spermatozoa were unsuccessful. The size of discharged oocytes suggests a short pelagic larval duration of a few days. This is the first publication about the reproduction of this species, and our results suggest that M. sanguinea is restricted to intertidal areas in SW England, NW France and southern North Sea. The highly synchronised pattern of reproduction observed is not compatible with a quasi-cosmopolitan species range indicating that this species has been mistakenly reported from around the world. Future studies of the genus should combine rigorous taxonomy with observations of reproduction to facilitate comparison among Marphysa spp.
New geographical records of 15 reef fish species from Lakshadweep, India
Authors: Anto Alvin , Babu Sandra , Sreeram Miriam Paul , Ramanathan Sreenath K. , Fricke Ronald
Published: March 2024

In the present study, 15 new records from Kavaratti Atoll are added to the ichthyofaunal diversity of the Lakshadweep Archipelago and six to the Indian fish fauna based on underwater photographs and videos. Fishes were recorded from both lagoon and forereef areas off Kavaratti. The new records include Cirripectes auritus (Blackflap blenny), Cirripectes polyzona (Barred blenny), Ecsenius bicolor (Bicolor blenny), Glyptoparus delicatulus (Delicate blenny), Amblyeleotris wheeleri (Gorgeous prawn-goby), Eviota punyit (Punyit dwarfgoby), Eviota cf. teresae (Viridescent dwarfgoby), Cirrhitichthys falco (Dwarf hawkfish), Halichoeres leucoxanthus (Canarytop wrasse), Pseudocheilinus evanidus (Disappearing wrasse), Coris latifasciata (Broad banded wrasse), Pomacentrus xanthocercus (Yellowtail damsel), Plectroglyphidodon luteobrunneus (Indian gregory), Pomacentrus indicus (Indian damsel) and Synodus dermatogenys (Sand lizardfish). Six species, G. delicatulus, E. cf. teresae, E. punyit, P. xanthocercus, P. evanidus and C. latifasciata represent new records for Indian waters. The genus Amblyeleotris is recorded for the first time from Lakshadweep.
Reproductive biology and sperm storage characters in two bobtail squid species (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae)
Authors: Sato Noriyosi , Tanabe Ryohei , Uezu Takeru , Matsuoka Toshiki , Nakajima Asuka
Published: March 2024

Bobtail squids (Family Sepiolidae) have a variety of sperm storage patterns, but their reproductive biology has not been studied in many species, especially those in Japanese waters. Two species, Austrorossia bipapillata (Subfamily Rossiinae) and Sepiolina nipponensis (Subfamily Heteroteuthinae) inhabit Suruga Bay in Japan. These were sampled approximately bimonthly by trawling at around 500 m between the end of September, 2020 and May, 2022. They were measured for body size (dorsal mantle length) and weighed for gonadosomatic index (GSI) calculation, and their sperm storage mechanism was investigated. The reproductive season occurs from May to October in A. bipapillata and from December to February in S. nipponensis. In both species, spermatangia were deposited inside the mantle cavity as implanted spermatangia. In A. bipapillata, 5.7 ± 6.5 spermatangia were deeply implanted in the opening of the oviduct, and in S. nipponensis 62.7 ± 61.5 spermatangia were attached to the left gill and surface of the connective-tissue capsule enclosing the digestive gland. The GSI was lower and there were fewer spermatophores stored in the spermatophoric sac of A. bipapillata males compared to S. nipponensis, leading us to suggest that it is exposed to weaker sperm competition than S. nipponensis, irrespective of similar sperm storage mechanism in the two species.
‘I'm a fighter and I do not give up’ – Socially isolated older adults' experiences with meaning in life
Authors: Machielse Anja
Published: March 2024

Positively experienced relationships with family, partners and friends are the most important source of meaning in life for older persons. At the same time, Western countries are confronted with a growing number of socially isolated older adults who lack those relationships. This study aims to explore whether and how older adults who live in social isolation experience meaning in life. Data were collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 24 socially isolated older adults, ranging in age from 62 to 94, all living in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The criterion-based sampling of participants took place in close consultation with social workers of a mentoring project for socially isolated older adults. Follow-up interviews with 22 participants improved the credibility of findings and contributed to the breadth and depth of the researched casuistry. Data were analysed using an analytical framework based on seven needs of meaning identified by Baumeister (purpose, values, efficacy, self-worth) and Derkx (coherence, excitement, connectedness). The study demonstrates that isolated older adults may find anchors for meaning in life, although not all needs for meaning are satisfied, and there can also be tension between different needs. The needs-based model provides concrete distinctions for enabling care-givers to recognise elements of meaning.
Post-migration HIV acquisition: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mann Simran , Mougammadou Zeenathnisa , Wohlfahrt Jan , Elmahdi Rahma
Published: March 2024

Migrants in Europe face a disproportionate burden of HIV infection; however, it remains unclear if this can be prevented through public health interventions in host countries. We undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate post-migration HIV acquisition (PMHA) as a proportion of all HIV cases in European migrants. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, HMIC, and Cochrane Library were searched with terms capturing ‘HIV’, ‘migration’, and ‘Europe’. Data relating to the proportion of HIV acquired following migration were extracted and random-effects model (REM) meta-analysis was undertaken to calculate a pooled estimate for the proportion of PMHA in European countries. Subgroup meta-analysis was undertaken for PMHA by migrant demographic characteristics and host country. Fifteen articles were included for systematic review following retrieval and screening of 2,320 articles. A total of 47,182 migrants in 11 European countries were included in REM meta-analysis, showing an overall PMHA proportion of 0.30 (95% CI: 0.23–0.38). Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in PMHA between host country and migrant demographic characteristics. This work illustrates that migrants continue to be at high risk of HIV acquisition in Europe. This indicates the need for targeted screening and HIV prevention interventions, ensuring resources are appropriately directed to combat the spread of HIV.
Temperament and sex as moderating factors of the effects of exposure to maternal depression on telomere length in early childhood
Authors: Bosquet Enlow Michelle , De Vivo Immaculata , Petty Carter R. , Nelson Charles A.
Published: March 2024

Individual differences in sensitivity to context are posited to emerge early in development and to influence the effects of environmental exposures on a range of developmental outcomes. The goal of the current study was to examine the hypothesis that temperament characteristics and biological sex confer differential vulnerability to the effects of exposure to maternal depression on telomere length in early childhood. Telomere length has emerged as a potentially important biomarker of current and future health, with possible mechanistic involvement in the onset of various disease states. Participants comprised a community sample of children followed from infancy to age 3 years. Relative telomere length was assessed from DNA in saliva samples collected at infancy, 2 years, and 3 years. Maternal depressive symptoms and the child temperament traits of negative affectivity, surgency/extraversion, and regulation/effortful control were assessed via maternal report at each timepoint. Analyses revealed a 3-way interaction among surgency/extraversion, sex, and maternal depressive symptoms, such that higher surgency/extraversion was associated with shorter telomere length specifically among males exposed to elevated maternal depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that temperament and sex influence children’s susceptibility to the effects of maternal depression on telomere dynamics in early life.
English comparative modals and their complements
Authors: NYKIEL JOANNA , THAISEN JACOB
Published: March 2024

English comparative modals are combinations of the adverbs rather, sooner and better with an auxiliary. There is recent consensus that the comparative modals rather and sooner have over time developed a different syntax and semantics than better. However, potential differences in the syntax of rather and sooner with respect to patterns of complementation haven’t been explored. This article reports the results of a corpus study of these two modals and finds that rather patterns like object-raising verbs, allowing a range of complements that are unavailable for sooner. Our analysis of these patterns draws on recent work in the Construction Grammar framework, with forays into its formal implementation, Sign-Based Construction Grammar, and we propose that rather differs from sooner in that it constitutes a micro-construction whose features are licensed by both the Modal Construction and the Object-Raising Construction, the latter a subtype of the Transitive Construction.
Kant, the Nation-State, and Immigration
Authors: Miller David
Published: March 2024

Kant is invariably read by his followers as antipathetic to all forms of nationalism. Yet he was interested in differences of national character and used an organic metaphor to explain why states should not be broken up or annexed (unfortunately he never commented explicitly on the dismemberment of Poland by Prussia and its allies). He favoured a plural world in which national differences of language and religion prevented the emergence of despotic world government. So his acknowledgement of a limited obligation to provide refuge to vulnerable people should not be amplified into an acceptance of culturally disruptive mass migration.
“Poetry is Subversion”: Writers and Revolution at La Pájara Pinta, El Salvador, 1966–1975
Authors: Atwood Roger
Published: March 2024

Thousands of soldiers swept onto the campus of the University of El Salvador with tanks and planes, ransacking buildings and arresting more than eight hundred students, professors, and staff. It was July 19, 1972, and the university had “fallen into the hands of the Communist Party of El Salvador and a minuscule group of opportunists of the most disgraceful immorality,” said the recently inaugurated president Army Colonel Arturo Armando Molina.1 Troops handcuffed the rector, Fabio Castillo, and the dean of the medical school and sent them into exile in Nicaragua.2 Early in the invasion, the troops sealed off and occupied the university's printing press, where workers produced a magazine of arts and politics called La Pájara Pinta that essayist Italo López Vallecillos and novelist Manlio Argueta had founded in 1966, and of which Argueta was still the editor.3 The campus occupation lasted two years and proved a milestone in El Salvador's long march to civil war. The closing of La Pájara Pinta that day silenced the most important forum for Salvadoran dissident writers and marked, for many of them, the end of their literary careers and the start of their lives as fugitives and, eventually, guerrillas.