bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brug (af) det fysiske læringsrum
Authors: Troelsen Rie
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Det fysiske læringsrum forstået som den bevidste brug af undervisninglokalet har med god ret fået mere og mere opmærksomhed de seneste år som et redskab til at understøtte læringen. Denne guide gennemgår indledningsvist med hvilke begrundelser interessen for læringsrummet som et redskab er fremkommet. Herefter beskrives med udgangspunkt i begrebet didaktisk rumlig kompetence råd, anvisninger og illustrationer for, hvordan brugen af det fysiske læringsrum kan gribes an. Slutteligt peges der på udviklingsmuligheder, både for at engagere sig i nyudvikling af læringsrum på et instutionelt plan og for at udvikle sine egne didaktisk rumlige kompetencer som underviser.
Bliver viden låst i sin kontekst ved problembaseret læring?
Authors: Larsen Verner
Published: May 2024

Abstract
”Bliver viden låst i sin kontekst ved problembaseret læring?” (PBL) er spørgsmålet, jeg sætter til debat i denne artikel. Baggrunden er, at spørgsmålet længe har været omstridt; ikke kun i PBL-miljøer, men også i andre dele af uddannelsesforskningen. I PBL-litteraturen fremhæves ofte, at PBL er velegnet til at understøtte ikke kun udvikling af specifikke faglige kompetencer inden for et afgrænset område, men også generiske kompetencer med bred anvendelsesværdi. Inden for visse uddannelsessociologiske retninger betvivles imidlertid transferpotentialet i viden opnået gennem PBL-forløb. Det hævdes, at viden i udpræget grad låses til problemkonteksten, fordi viden i sin tværfaglige karakter mangler konceptuel styrke. Derved indløses det såkaldte eksemplariske princip ikke. Med videnssociologiske begreber diskuterer jeg forskellige vidensformers transferværdi. Jeg lader spørgsmålet i titlen stå åbent, men lægger op til, at man på trods af velafprøvede PBL-designs på universiteter og professionshøjskoler lægger et nyt og kritisk blik på vidensformer og det eksemplariske princip.
Studieopbygning, fastholdelse og frafald - et strukturelt blik på første år af to STEM-uddannelser
Authors: Felby Laura Cordes , Stoksted Kirstine Terese
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Et fokus på overgangen til universitetet er essentiel, når nye studerendes integration skal understøttes og risikoen for frafald skal reduceres. Gennem en kvalitativ caseundersøgelse af uddannelsesopbygning og støtteordninger undersøger nærværende studie, hvordan første år opbygges, således at nye studerende støttes fagligt og socialt på første studieår på Matematik og Fysik på Aarhus Universitet, som er særligt ramt af højt frafald på første studieår. Med henblik på at belyse de strukturelle forhold vedrørende de studerendes overgang bygger studiet på data fra studieordninger og kursusbeskrivelser samt interviews med uddannelsesansvarlige. Analysen viser, at uddannelsernes faglige opbygning er struktureret gennem en klar taksonomisk progression under hensyn til de studerende. Derudover understøtter de to uddannelser de studerendes integration gennem en bred vifte af faglige og sociale støtteordninger. Der peges på, at der på Matematik opleves en kløft mellem gymnasiet og universitetet, mens der på Fysik opleves en manglende kommunikation om fagets kerne.
The trend of publication about Lumbricus rubellus for periodontitis treatment in the Scopus database: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Andayasari Lelly , Putri Dwiastuti Sagung Agung , Ayu Dharmawati I Gusti Agung , Suiraoka I Putu , Setiyo Bekti eri , Ayu Putu Swastini I Gusti Agung , Susianti Novia , Nurlinawati NoIin , Suratri Made Ayu Lely , Hendarwan Harimat , Yustiantara Putu Sanna , Setyawan Eka Indra , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: May 2024

Periodontitis presents as a sustained deterioration of the periodontium, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. Lumbricus rubellus, a taxonomically recognized species commonly called the earthworm, is a significant component of natural constituents. This extraordinary organism exhibits intrinsic characteristics that confer antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge that only a restricted subset of these pharmaceutical compounds has undergone meticulous scrutiny through clinical trials despite the potential effectiveness of L. rubellus in the treatment of periodontitis. The present investigation utilizes the Scopus database to conduct a bibliometric examination of the antioxidant characteristics of diverse strains of L. rubellus. This evaluation is performed through the utilization of the RStudio and VOSviewer applications. Consequently, 55 papers were encompassed within the ultimate bibliometric dataset. Moscow State University is widely acknowledged as a highly productive academic institution with significant global contributions. Mihara H is extensively acknowledged as the author with the highest level of productivity. The scholarly publication by Mihara et al. in 1991 significantly impacted the respective scientific discipline. These results provide insights to stimulate pharmaceutical research collaborations and reveal open issues about L. rubellus in the context of periodontitis therapy.
Cephalosporin C acylase: Important role, obstacles, and strategies to optimize expression in E. coli
Authors: Rasyidah Muthi’ah , Sismindari Sismindari , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: May 2024

Cephalosporins have gained popularity due to the increasing resistance to penicillin antibiotics. Since the first discovery of cephalosporin C in 1945, the development of cephalosporin-class antibiotics has continued. Cephalosporin C was converted into a 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) compound which became a precursor for producing cephalosporin class antibiotics through side chain modification. The conversion of cephalosporin C to 7-ACA is more beneficial when performed enzymatically using the enzyme cephalosporin C acylase (CA) compared to chemical methods. This article will present the importance of cephalosporin CA enzymes in the development of cephalosporin antibiotics, the obstacles, and strategies to optimize the expression of these enzymes in Escherichia coli hosts.
RAMPing up knowledge of the translocon
Authors: Vismpas Dimitrios , Förster Friedrich
Published: May 2024

Advanced cryo-EM approaches reveal surprising insights into the molecular structure that allows nascent proteins to be inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Education Beyond Green Growth
Authors: Stein Sharon , Andreotti Vanessa , Ahenakew Cash , Suša Rene , Taylor Lisa , Valley Will , Siwek Dino , Cardoso Camilla , Duque Carolina “Azul” , Calhoun Bill , Van Sluys Shawn , Pigeau Dani , D’Emilia Dani
Published: May 2024

Despite the continued popularity of education for sustainable development (ESD) and expanded calls for educators to inspire hope in the face of the climate and nature emergency, scholars from varied disciplines and knowledge systems have pointed to the disavowed social and ecological costs of the promise that we can continue pursuing infinite economic growth on a finite planet. In this article, we offer an alternative approach to education grounded in a regenerative inquiry methodology. Regenerative inquiry can prepare people to honestly confront the limits and harms of “green growth” and support them to “grow up” by expanding their capacity to navigate complexity and uncertainty and activating a sense of intergenerational responsibility. We also offer an example of how this methodology was mobilized in the context of a year-long transdisciplinary program focused on the climate and nature emergency.
“Because they have technology”
Authors: Mellingen Øyvind K.
Published: May 2024

Over the last forty years, the concept of sustainable development has gained attention in large parts of the world. With it comes the need for comparative research on how the concept is understood in different contexts.
This article is a comparative discourse analysis of how Tanzanian and Norwegian secondary school teachers conceptualize sustainable development. By applying Laclau and Mouffe’s (2014) discourse apparatus, I trace articulations of sustainable development across Tanzanian and Norwegian discourses.
The findings indicate that the Tanzanian teachers in the study primarily conceptualize sustainable development within a socioeconomic discourse, while the Norwegian teachers are rooted in an environmental discourse. The teachers are also embedded in a Western exceptionalism discourse constructed around the myth of “the West” as sustainable, and favour solutions emerging from Western technology and innovation. However, the study also finds that there is a critical discourse opposing this articulation of “the West”.
Symbols and Allegories of Temporality [1998]
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter covers the symbols and allegories of temporality. It introduces the key concept of the Cyclical, Linear, and Dualistic models of traditional philosophy of history alongside the Chaos, Constancy, and Fractal models that were developed by modernist and postmodernist theory. All these models represent possible relations of the elements of history to the whole of which they are parts. In the West, historical systems are generally treated as genetical systems in which the structure of any given present is treated as genetically related to its past as cause. The chapter explains how a historical account pretends to two kinds of truth, which is either as a fact or as a story.
Figural Realism in Witness Literature
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores figural realism in witness literature in line with Primo Levi's Se questo è un uomo (If This Is a Man). Witness literature regarding the Holocaust typically offers itself as a contribution to our knowledge of that event, but actual witnesses of the Holocaust typically refer to the events as unbelievable or unspeakable. Levi forgoes any claim to the status of historian, but he does address the proper way for anyone, survivor or interested observer, to write about the Holocaust event. The chapter cites how Levi came to center on the question of the proper writing style for relating the experiences of the death camps clearly and objectively. It also mentions how Levi criticized Paul Celan for his obscure writing about the Holocaust experience.
The Armenian Diaspora
Authors: Fittante Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the historical streams of the Armenian diaspora. It explains the geopolitical events that have given rise to the convergence of multiple Armenian streams on Glendale, describing Armenians' long history of dispersion and then settlement in the United States. It also traces Armenian origins from the East Coast to the West Coast, first in Fresno and then in Los Angeles and, ultimately, Glendale. While Armenians come to Los Angeles with a robust sense of ethnic identity, they also understand what it means to be Armenian in very different ways. The chapter contextualizes the rich history of the Armenian diaspora and the intra-ethnic diversity of the Armenians of Los Angeles and Glendale.
The Armenians of Glendale
Authors: Fittante Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents the Armenians' influence in practically all sectors of Glendale. It employs Wei Li's ethnoburb model in order to provide a demographic snapshot of Armenians' influences in the city. Although Li's framing was originally intended to describe predominantly Chinese suburbs, the chapter builds on the model to describe Glendale Armenians' socioeconomic and political impact. The chapter analyzes the model's limitations, particularly in treating structural racial inequalities, and highlights that the persistence of institutionalized forms of racism continues to make electoral and political incorporation in US suburbs far less realizable for some populations as compared to others. It also attempts to develop the ethnoburb model by emphasizing key aspects of Glendale's post-1970s transformation: interethnic antagonism and municipal politics.
Is Political Incorporation Enough?
Authors: Fittante Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter broadens the focus beyond Glendale's elected officials to include municipal bureaucrats and the voters themselves. It explores several reasons ethnopolitical entrepreneurs' electoral successes do not always correlate with a sense of newcomers' political empowerment or feelings of inclusion. It also examines the role of the city's bureaucratic workforce in facilitating immigrant political incorporation and analyzes how symbolic capital can sometimes undermine voters' interests. The chapter reviews how the electoral success of one ethnic population can limit the political incorporation of others. It investigates the potential inevitability of one demographically large, politically mobilized ethnic population which displaces not only previously established residents but also other newcomers.
Religious Appeals in Power Politics
Authors: Henne Peter S.
Published: May 2024

This book examines how states use, or attempt to use, confessional appeals to religious belief and conscience to advance political strategies and objectives. Through case studies of the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Russia, the book demonstrates that religion, although not as high profile or well-funded a tool as economic sanctions or threats of military force, remains a potent weapon in international relations. Public policy analysis often minimizes the role of religion, favoring military or economic matters as the “important” arenas of policy debate. As the book shows, however, at transformative moments in political history, states turn to faith-based appeals to integrate or fragment international coalitions. The book highlights Saudi Arabia's 1960s rivalry with Egypt, the United States's post-9/11 leadership in the global war on terrorism, and the Russian Federation's contemporary expansionism both to reveal the presence and power of calls for religious unity and to emphasize the uncertainty and anxiety such appeals can create. The book offers a bold corrective to those who consider religion as tangential to military or economic might.
Tree by Tree
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This book is a warning and a toolkit for the future of forest recovery. The book investigates the critical biological threats endangering tree species native to the forests of eastern North America, providing a needed focus on this plight. The book suggests that if we are to save our forests, the first step is to recognize the threats in front of us. It focuses on five familiar trees—the American elm, the American chestnut, the eastern hemlock, the white ash, and the sugar maple—and shares why they matter economically, ecologically, and culturally. From outbreaks of Dutch elm disease to infestations of emerald ash borers, the book highlights the challenges that have led or will lead to the disappearance of these trees from forests. In doing so, it shows us how diversity loss often disrupts intricately balanced ecosystems and how vital it is that we pay more attention to massive changes in forest composition. With practical steps for the conservation of native tree species, the book offers the inspiration and insights we need to begin saving our forests.
Accumulating Impacts—Putting It All Together
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter emphasizes how all Eastern forests face issues associated with climate change, exotic plant invasions, and tree species loss. It looks at forest health issues, such as acute incidents that may include a storm that generates gaps by knocking over trees or a fire that sweeps through the forest understory and consumes the accumulated leaf litter. Disturbance does not cause the invasion, but it allows an invasion to happen if a non-native shrub or tree is close enough that its seeds can colonize the newly opened habitat. The chapter describes the history of one forest to show the compounding impacts of multiple changes within its boundaries, serving as a cautionary tale for all forests. Mettler's Woods result from the forest's history and the accumulated challenges to forest health that it has faced.
Introduction
Authors: Barrett Caitlín Eilís
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides a study on houses and households in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt. It offers new perspectives on dwelling and daily practice from archaeologists, papyrologists, historians, and art historians. During the Ptolemaic Period and continuing into Roman rule, Egypt became a multiethnic, multicultural, and multilinguistic society, with multiple population groups that included not only Egyptians and Greeks, but also Jews, Arabs, and Thracians. Egypt provides an important case study for investigating cultural entanglement, empire, globalization, and the negotiation of power relations and identities in the household. The chapter promotes the discussion about the interrelationships between domestic material culture and larger social, political, and cultural phenomena.
Modes of Production and Reproduction in Roman-Era Egyptian Villages
Authors: Alston Richard
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks at archives of papyri and other textual materials to track the whole history of an individual's marriages, divorces, and disputes with their in-laws. It considers the rural Romano-Egyptian house in its social functions. It also explores the premise that houses provided the material environment for the social practices of the everyday, which ensured social production and reproduction over the short and long term. The chapter approaches the problem as one of microhistory, making the ideological assumption that society is generated in multiple engagements through which social power is manifested. It discusses the tenurial division of houses and the clustering of property owned by members of a single family.
Domestic Discard
Authors: Boozer Anna Lucille
Published: May 2024

This chapter highlights the reuse of abandoned houses as garbage dumps. It shows how mundane-seeming tasks, such as rubbish disposal, could evoke powerful feelings of guilt, shame, or regret. The emphasis on domestic emotions and sensations points toward one way in to connect household studies to broader calls for a more multisensory, experientially oriented archaeology that takes affect and subjectivity seriously. The chapter examines activities of cleaning, disposing, and scavenging to better understand the everyday practice of living within and beyond the walls of Romano-Egyptian houses. These activities are critical components of domestic life and create a substantial portion of archaeological record.
Domestic Activities in Alternative Settings
Authors: Gates-Foster Jennifer , Redon Bérangère , Godsey Melanie
Published: May 2024

This chapter cites an example of a place where people stayed, some potentially for lengthy periods, without necessarily feeling at home. It explores the Ptolemaic fort at B'ir Samut as a forthold, which is not a household per se but a place where soldiers, phylakites, and other personnel engaged in many of the same dwelling activities. The fortress at Bi'r Samut in Egypt's Eastern Desert presents a rare opportunity to observe the architecture and contents of a largely intact Hellenistic fortification abandoned in the last decade of the third century BCE. The chapter describes the flexibility of spatial use within the B'ir Samut's walls, which suggests an open and dynamic social configuration with loosely defined functional divisions and little hierarchy of access. It compares several of B'ir Samut's rooms, which can be characterized as housing domestic activities and as assemblages from the Late Period Fortification at Tell el-Herr.
Conclusion
Authors: Flores Alfred Peredo
Published: May 2024

This concluding chapter describes two major events that happened in Guåhan in 1962. In August, President John F. Kennedy lifted the US Navy's security clearance program that allowed it to regulate the travel of all civilians to and from the island. This meant CHamorus and all island residents could travel freely. In November 1962, Typhoon Karen struck the island, resulting in the widespread destruction of residential homes, commercial businesses, and government buildings. These events, coupled with the island's economic dependency on the military and the rising cost of land associated with militarization, produced an exodus of CHamorus who left the island to escape US military occupation. Finally, the US military's entrance into the Vietnam War marked another important event. CHamorus enlisted in the US military to fight in the war. Their enlistment rates were significant enough that they experienced the highest casualty rate per capita of any ethnic group while also leading CHamorus to settle in the continental United States after leaving the military.
Words
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins the examination of the representation of the events that took place in Lampedusa on October 3, 2013, by building the case for using the term “disaster” to describe the drowning of hundreds of people. The naming of an event is a central framing device that directs one's understanding when asking “what is going on here.” It explores how certain explanations are made more appealing than others in naming events. The chapter discusses how terms such as “shipwreck” or “tragedy” produce categorically different political and ethical registers than the Italian word strage or the English term “disaster.” With the use of these terms, certain responses and responsibilities become more likely than others.
Adopting the Dead
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines how Sicilians responded to the Lampedusa disaster on October 3, 2013, through memorializing and why some of them “adopted” the dead into their community by creating memorials and performing burial rituals. Three hundred sixty-six dead bodies were transported from Lampedusa to be buried in several different cemeteries in Sicily. The chapter discusses how cemeteries can be seen as communicative spaces where community and identity are performed. In the context of border deaths, cemeteries can function as spaces where a new kind of civil sphere is created through encounters between locals and the relatives of victims who mourn at victims' graves. The chapter details how this transcultural sphere facilitates the challenging of established certainties and serves as a space in which anticipated distinctions are transgressed.
Kebrat’s Story
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This chapter brings together the main arguments on how the afterlives form and generate survival through an examination of the public life of one survivor of the Lampedusa disaster, Kebrat, and her engagement with representations and memorializations. The reappearance of various versions of her story in cultural productions has created a public platform from which she speaks for the cause of refugees and constitutes a survivor citizenship. The Lampedusa disaster is but one of thousands, and yet the continuation of its memory in the public domain in representations and memorializations makes it specific. The chapter highlights how the disaster has come to symbolize the present era of the bordering of Europe, which is a time wherein the natural forces of the sea are being used to shield territory. Letting people die has become a means of creating Europe.
Making No Compromise
Authors: Baggett Holly A.
Published: May 2024

This is the first book-length account of the lives and editorial careers of Margaret Anderson and Jane Heap, the women who founded the avant-garde journal the Little Review in Chicago in 1914. Born in the nineteenth-century Midwest, Anderson and Heap grew up to be iconoclastic rebels, living openly as lesbians, and advocating causes from anarchy to feminism and free love. Their lives and work shattered cultural, social, and sexual norms. As their paths crisscrossed Chicago, New York, Paris, and Europe; two World wars; and a parade of the most celebrated artists of their time, they transformed themselves and their journal into major forces for shifting perspectives on literature and art. Imagism, Dada, surrealism, and Machine Age aesthetics were among the radical trends the Little Review promoted and introduced to US audiences. Anderson and Heap published the early work of the “men of 1914”—Ezra Pound, James Joyce, William Butler Yeats, and T. S. Eliot—and promoted women writers such as Djuna Barnes, May Sinclair, Dorothy Richardson, Mina Loy, Mary Butts, and the inimitable Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven. In the mid-1920s, Anderson and Heap became adherents of George I. Gurdjieff, a Russian mystic, and in 1929 ceased publication of the Little Review. This book examines the roles of radical politics, sexuality, modernism, and spirituality and suggests that Anderson and Heap's interest in esoteric questions was evident from the early days of the Little Review. The book tells the story of two women who played an important role in shaping modernism.
Physical Evidence
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the physical evidences of the Kielce pogrom. Julia Pirotte, a photographer for the Military Photographic Agency and former member of the French resistance movement, left Warsaw for Kielce at midnight on the night of July 4–5, 1946. She took the photographs that would be submitted as physical evidence at the trials. The Highest Military Court in Warsaw received the first batch of evidence for formal deposit at the beginning of July. A few items on this list belonged to thirty-two-year-old Baruch Dajcz, whose body was described in an external postmortem examination report conducted on July 5. The Kielce pogrom was, to a large degree, a “low-tech” massacre. Tools that until then had been used only in a factory, a sawmill, in farming or construction, now became tools of murder. According to researchers of genocide, this attests to the vehemence of emotions and to action without premeditation. The chapter considers the unidentified pogrom victims, before looking at the testimonies of expert witnesses such as the Inspector of the Provincial Department of Health, Doctor Józef Ocepa. As soon as the postmortem examinations were completed, on July 8, the funeral took place in the Pakosz neighborhood of Kielce, where the Jewish victims of the pogrom were buried.
Dog Days
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the role of the Ludwików steelworks employees during the Kielce pogrom. Though their mentality was shaped by the Church's prewar Catholic nationalism, the reasons that Kielce workers engaged en masse in the pogrom can be found, above all, in the Second World War and its characteristic method of “resource mobilization.” The Kielce pogrom showed that in 1946 Poland the resource that could most quickly be mobilized was animosity toward Jews. The chapter then considers the theme of the “slain officer” or the “wounded lieutenant” in the historiography of the Kielce pogrom. Though it is based on such facts as the participation of the army and the police in the pogrom, no functionary of the Kielce police was killed on Planty Street. The chapter also looks at the testimonies of Ludwików workers during the second Kielce pogrom investigation.
The Custodians of Freedom Square
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses how, during the Kielce pogrom, shops and restaurants function as social networks through which flow vodka, murder, and robbery. Accounts from the shops of Kielce on the day of the pogrom reveal that the rumor about blood transfusions was the big news of the day. The chapter looks at two establishments that count when it comes to the logistics of the pogrom: Stanisław Błaszczyk's bar across from the police station on Sienkiewicza Street and Piotr Adamczyk's bar located at 17 Aleksandra Street, where four Kielce residents will plan and then raise their glasses to the attack on Rywka Fisz's apartment. It also considers the division of labor during the pogrom, which relied on the crowd pointing out where Jews lived and a man in uniform going to conduct a search. Finally, the chapter discusses the murders of Mania and Herszel Kersz, before examining the acquisition of Jewish property by non-Jewish Kielce residents.
The Boogeyman
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses how the Kielce pogrom can be described as the chemical reaction of a mixture that consisted of the antisemitic police (MO), a demoralized army (WP), and a security service (UB) that lacked legitimacy. These institutions, adrift at the time, not only did not take control of the outbreak of an anti-Jewish panic, but even added fuel to the fire. The Kielce pogrom started because of a rumor that children had been kidnapped by Jews “for transfusions.” At its source rests the guilt felt by a community that gossips about someone, attributing to him their own transgressions. The chapter then considers the themes of provocation and Jewish domination, which were used to explain the Kielce pogrom. It also looks at the after-effects of the Kielce pogrom and how Dr. Michał Chęciński played an important role in the history of research on the pogrom.
Pandemic Community Engagement
Authors: Susnara Daniela M. , Shiver Victoria N. , Peterson Jacob T.
Published: May 2024

This chapter details how the authors transitioned their community engagement youth summer programs, Swim to the Top (STTT) and the STEM Entrepreneurship Academy (SEA). It reviews the swimming program for youth aged four to fourteen that required immense creativity and a shift in curriculum goals since swimming pools were closed over the summer of 2020. Despite the challenges, the authors outline the relevance of virtual programs and the meaningful experiences of these programs for both the youth participants and the university students who served as staff. The chapter explores how the COVID-19 crisis impacted the implementation of community-based programs and provided the opportunity to deliver programs virtually. It provides suggestions for future virtual community engagement practices.
Performing Connectedness across Public and Digital Spaces
Authors: Chakraborty Debaroti
Published: May 2024

This chapter covers the author, who ponders touch and absence as a professor at a public university and artist researcher. It describes the author's pedagogical shifts for virtual learning to build shared spaces of creativity and community that ultimately resulted in an immersive digital performance series titled Performing Connectedness. It also reviews how to reinvent ways of communicating in a world that was ingrained with habits, gestures, and rituals of social sharing and was nourished by physical proximity. The chapter explores the method of ethno-mimesis, which is a practice that exists in the interface of ethnography and arts and prioritizes lived experiences. Ethno-mimesis involves embodied practices like walking, talking, traveling, and eating that allow for reflection on the more-than-rational, a sensory meeting of the inner and outer worlds.
Learning from Our Grief
Authors: Planas Melissa Castillo
Published: May 2024

This chapter challenges scholars to think about the meaning and significance of engaged scholarship and teaching during a period that laid bare both the vast global inequities and connectedness around the world. It mentions the City University of New York (CUNY) in the Bronx, where the majority of the students are Black and Latinx people from the least affluent borough of New York. CUNY as an institution was hit the hardest with the impact of COVID-19 among area schools. The chapter focuses on the author, a professor at CUNY, who tried to cope by writing and forming a poem-a-day group for National Poetry Month in April with some of her students. It explains that undergirding a pivot is recognizing and accepting the necessity of loss, reassessing needs, and valuing possibility.
A National Park for Women's Rights
Authors: Hart Judy
Published: May 2024

This book chronicles a little-known story in American history: the establishment of the Women's Rights National Historical Park in Seneca Falls, New York; the first “idea park” in the National Park system. The park's story is one of struggle and perseverance, opposition and solidarity. The book narrates the uphill battle fought to secure the park's location—on the site of the first women's rights convention in 1848—and to gain respect for the idea of a park dedicated to women's rights from 1978, when the book's author first championed its creation to the triumphant moment in 1982 when the park opened its doors, and following years. The author's journey highlights the prejudices and resistance that was faced, like other women who have advocated for themselves, their rights, and their place in America. Going behind the scenes of the park's planning and the negotiations, conflicts, and collaborations that shaped the final vision, the book highlights the contributions of Park Service officials, politicians, and interested citizens in Seneca Falls, despite opposition from within and beyond the Park Service. An inspiration and rallying cry for women (and their male allies) to tell their stories and claim their place in American history, the park also offers a model for public history activism. No matter how daunting the opposition to such acts of historical memory-making are, the author's experiences remind citizen-activists to dream, organize, and persist.
A Radical Idea for a New Park
Authors: Hart Judy
Published: May 2024

This chapter mentions the Clara Barton National Historic Site, the Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site, and the Maggie Walker National Historic Site, which are the only three parks that were focused on women. It puts emphasis on Judy Hart's dream of the National Park Service being able to interpret a broad story in addressing the history of women being treated differently and unfairly. It also considers national significance as the single most important criteria for a new national park. The chapter covers the broad interpretation of “feasibility,” which generally meant that the Park Service desired historic structures that retained their authenticity and needed no more than preservation or restoration. Within the National Park Service, the integrity of a building, which is defined as the degree to which it retains its historic appearance and structure, is a critical factor in determining its national significance.
Gerrit Smith Country
Authors: Godine Amy
Published: May 2024

This chapter recounts Gerrit Smith's spring tour in the North Country, wherein he got to freshen his alliances with upstate abolition allies, preach Bible politics in small towns, stump for the Liberty Party, and catch up with land agents in the field. Although Smith's fortune had somewhat revived from the devastating Panic of 1837, he still hoped to lighten his estate and loosen his liquidity. The chapter describes Keene Plains as a world where antislavery conviction overrode conventional divides of class and political influence. The chapter considers Smith as his own cartographer as he seized any flicker of interest in the welfare of the slave. It mentions David Wilmot, a freshman Democratic congressman from Pennsylvania, who proposed a law in August 1846 that would prevent slavery's extension into the new territories.
Three Agents and Their Reasons
Authors: Godine Amy
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses how Black New Yorkers in the city were disproportionately imperiled whether by an outbreak of typhoid, cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, rickets, dysentery, or bronchitis. In the mid-nineteenth century, death rates for Black city dwellers matched mortality rates for enslaved people in the South. The chapter mentions McCune Smith, who was one of the two Black doctors in New York and was tapped by Gerrit Smith to be an agent for the land giveaway. Some illnesses that seemed to target city Blacks were so little understood that they had no name, but McCune Smith saw how they rampaged. The chapter emphasizes how there was no part of urban life where caste did not rule with the confidence of law as complexion pinned the young Black men of New York City to the worst-paid jobs.
The Theory of Liberty and Organic Liberalism
Authors: Lazarski Christopher
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses Lord Acton's theory of liberty, which is intimately linked to his notion of liberalism. It begins by identifying the core elements of political liberty, before differentiating between organic, evolutionary liberty and doctrinaire, continental liberalism. The chapter also reviews Acton's attitude toward nationalism, democracy, and the state and society. Recognizing freedom as the end of government, Acton's theory consists of two essential parts: first, a set of core principles such as higher law, self-governance, morality, national tradition and its organic growth, and citizens and their rights; and, second, corollary rules and policies complementing the former and making freedom mature. This set includes, inter alia, representative government, majority rule, separation of powers, other methods of dividing and mixing government, widespread suffrage, respect for intermediary institutions, and care for the needy. Together they form what Acton calls mature liberty, which can be also termed ordered liberty.
Acton’s History of Liberty
Authors: Lazarski Christopher
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines Lord Acton's history of liberty. According to Acton, liberty is not a raw freedom that individuals could have enjoyed at the beginning of history; on the contrary, it is the product of long development that may eventually lead to mature, ordered liberty. Moreover, it cannot come all at once, through a revolution, as many tend to believe, but only through a slow evolution. As he stresses on the occasion of reviewing Israelite liberty, national tradition that organically grows is one of two fundamental principles on which all freedom rests. Despite this unequivocal condemnation of revolution, Acton seems to recognize the necessity of violent change that occurs from time to time in history. This can be seen in his remarks on the fall of Rome, on the violent shocks that accompanied the passage from the Middle Ages to the early modern period, and especially on the French Revolution. As for liberalism itself, Acton's history of liberty shows two conflicting liberalisms, one grounded in national tradition and a higher law (evolutionary liberalism) and another appealing to abstract principles and not averse to employing coercion to adjust reality to its ideas (doctrinaire liberalism).
From Scottsboro to Decatur (1933)
Authors: RuKeyser Muriel
Published: May 2024

This chapter details the author's travel to Decatur to report about the trial of the Scottsboro boys. This trial demonstrated the making of the history of Black Americans: the fight for jury service and for equalization of rights. There was talk of a meeting in Decatur, like the one held in Birmingham, that broke the Jim Crow rulings to protest in favor of the Scottsboro boys. However, nothing was done about that meeting. The chapter recounts how the author was arrested for associating with Black reporters, and for the fact that she carried in her suitcase “Calls to Action” for the Conference on Negro Student Problems to be held at Columbia University.
In a Speaking Voice (1939)
Authors: RuKeyser Muriel
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores Robert Frost's Collected Poems (1939). Soon after he started to publish, in 1912, it was evident that Frost was to have a curative effect on the speech of poetry. Patience and resistance and the pains of responsibility temper his lines, in lyric, short dramatic piece, or narrative, with his neighborhood stamped on all his work. Frost stands, in this latest collection of his poems, as a mean in the measure, with no effort to rake up to consciousness, or to impose a unity of meaning from above; he stands at the level of articulation into conversation. A realism of the senses, Frost provides blueprints of the countryside.
Glitter and Wounds, Several Wildnesses (1973)
Authors: RuKeyser Muriel
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores Anne Sexton's The Book of Folly (1972). It begins by mentioning the genre of confessional poetry. The issue in most of Anne Sexton's poems has been survival, piece by piece of the body, step by step of poetic experience, and even more the life entire, sprung from our matrix of parental madness. It is these people, who have come this way, who have most usefulness for us, they are among our veterans, and we need them to look at their lives and at us. It is the receivers of these “confessions” who are the welcomers and the further damagers of the poets among whom Anne Sexton stands, with her father, her mother, the trains of relatives, doctors, nurses, lovers who populate this landscape, and the children in whom we find the same traits, with a difference: they may be dealing with them differently, their poems may be otherwise.
Medieval Sex Lives
Authors: Leach Elizabeth Eva
Published: May 2024

This book examines courtly song as a complex cultural product and social force in the early fourteenth century, exploring how it illuminates the relationship between artistic production and the everyday lives of the elites for whom this music and poetry was composed and performed. In a focused analysis of the Oxford Bodelian Library's Douce 308 manuscript—a fourteenth-century compilation that includes over five hundred Old French lyrics composed over two centuries alongside a narrative account of elaborate courtly festivities centered on a week-long tournament—the book explores two distinct but related lines of inquiry: first, why the lyric tradition of “courtly love” had such a long and successful history in Western European culture; and, second, why the songs in the Bodleian manuscript would have been so important to the book's compilers, owners, and readers. The manuscript's lack of musical notation and authorial attributions make it unusual among Old French songbooks; its arrangement of the lyrics by genre invites inquiry into the relationship between this long musical tradition and the emotional and sexual lives of its readers. Combining an original account of the manuscript's contents and their likely social milieu with in-depth musical and poetic analyses, the book proposes that lyrics, whether read or heard aloud, provided a fertile means of propagating and enabling various sexual scripts in the Middle Ages. A provocative hypothesis about the power of courtly songs to model, inspire, and support sexual behaviors and fantasies is presented.
Pastourelle Fantasies
Authors: Leach Elizabeth Eva
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the collection of pastourelles in the fourth subsection of the D308 Song Collection. It explains how pastourelles served their audiences of aristocrats. The unknowability and instability of desire make sense of D308's inclusion of songs in the pastourelles that lack figures explicitly denoted as shepherdesses and an understanding of the gender-bending performance practice for the genre suggested by the robardel dance in Chauvency. The chapter also considers how modern scholars recognize pastourelles as a basic scenario of the threatened and sometimes actual sexual assault and rape of a peasant character as a form of aristocratic entertainment. It mentions that modern generic assumption has dominated scholarly engagement with the ethics of pastourelle performance and fraught sexual politics.
Ownership, Identity, and Nationalist Demands
Authors: Warburton Eve
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the interplay between ownership, identity, and nationalist demands. It explains that some business actors became nationalist advocates, while others remained liberal bulwarks. Factors such as the sector, size, and ownership structure of Indonesian companies are associated with differing levels of support for limiting foreign investment. Moreover, firm ownership and business owners' identities predict nationalist preferences due to the relevancy of identity-based divisions in Indonesia's business class. The chapter examines the tight interrelation between sectoral transformations and identity-based differences in the firms that dominate each sector, which then explains divergent business preferences and nationalist policy trajectories across Indonesia's land and resource industries.
Broken Epistemologies
Authors: Levine Laura
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines Jean Bodin's book on witchcraft, De la Demonomanie des Sorciers (1580). Toward the end of book 4, after describing the elaborate rules of evidence a judge has to submit in order to prove a suspect is a witch, Bodin reneges and says that everything hinges on the discretion of the judge. The skilled judge neither seeks a theatrical display nor tries to recreate the witchcraft he is trying to prove exists. Bodin disdains spectacles, especially spectacles that are in any way like the witchcraft he examines, for in turning to such spectacles he allows “the devil to make a sorcery of justice which ought to be holy.” What is it that allows Bodin to relinquish the notion of a spectacular trial? Given Bodin's zeal for putting to death those accused of witchcraft, what is it that allows him to admit even the hypothetical possibility of justice becoming uncomfortably like the crime it examines? Bodin is not in any way tolerant when it comes to witches. However, his warning that justice can become a kind of sorcery raises the broader question of under what circumstances justice can even hypothetically see the possible resemblance between itself and what it examines.
Paulina and the Theater of Shame
Authors: Levine Laura
Published: May 2024

This chapter studies William Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale. In the middle of II.iii of The Winter's Tale, Leontes throws Paulina out of his chambers, calling her a “mankind witch” and threatens to have her burnt. The play has at its center the fantasy of witch-burning, articulated from two different viewpoints, that of the witch-hunter and that of the hunted, who in this case is also the critic of the system. Which of these constructions lies closer to the heart of the play? And what is the significance of their juxtaposition? The question is complicated by the fact that the two positions themselves correspond roughly to two central and opposite positions offered during the period about the reality of witchcraft: one articulated by Reginald Scot and the other position articulated by King James VI of Scotland and I of England. Unlike Scot, James insisted that witchcraft was real and that witches could be identified and should be punished. The Winter's Tale exposes King James's position for its inconsistencies. Through Leontes, The Winter's Tale suggests the way that conceptions of witchcraft like those at work in Daemonologie actually spring from anxieties about the male body.
Defining Russian Liberalism
Authors: Robinson Paul
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins with a brief overview of theoretical literature on the general topic of liberalism, followed by a discussion on the specifics of liberalism in Russia. The chapter looks at the name “liberalism”, which derives from liberty and encompasses the idea that the interests of the person require the person to be free. It also emphasizes that all types of liberalism accept in principle the idea that all persons are of equal moral value. The chapter analyzes the Russian liberals' complex relationship with the Russian people, which has led to an equally complex relationship with the state and the idea of political reform. It covers the two main streams of Russian political liberalism: radical liberalism and conservative liberalism.