bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Вплив фізичних чинників на активацію ферментів солоду при занижених показниках нутрієнтів сировини
Authors: Худолій І. , Романова Зоряна , Косоголова Людмила
Published: October 2024

Досліджено вплив фiзичних чинникiв на активацію ферментів солоду при занижених показниках нутрієнтів сировини
Сучасні тенденції у забезпеченні сталого розвитку підприємств цивільної авіації
Authors: Черняк Лариса
Published: October 2024

Метою роботи було дослiдити сучасні тенденції у забезпеченні сталого розвитку підприємств цивільної авіації
GYÓGYPEDAGÓGUS KÉPZÉS INDUL 2017-BEN A DEBRECENI EGYETEMEN
Authors: . .
Published: October 2024

SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHER TRAINING STARTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN IN 2017
„TUDOMÁNYOK KÖZÖTTI EGYÜTTMŰKÖDÉS” 1. NEMZETKÖZI INTERDISZCIPLINÁRIS KONFERENCIA
Authors: . .
Published: October 2024

Place: University of Debrecen
Date: 2016. Jun 15
FELHÍVÁS A PROFESSZOROK AZ EURÓPAI MAGYARORSZÁGÉRT EGYESÜLET XVII. NEMZETKÖZI TUDOMÁNYOS KONFERENCIÁJÁN VALÓ RÉSZVÉTELRE
Authors: PEME PEME
Published: October 2024

Invitation
MOZAIK A CSALÁDOM - RECENZIÓ BOGÁR ZSUZSA „MOZAIK A CSALÁDOM – KÉRDÉSEK, TÖRTÉNETEK, MEGOLDÁSOK” CÍMŰ KÖNYVÉRŐL
Authors: Nyics Lili Dorina
Published: October 2024

Mosaic is my family - review of Zsuzsa Bogár's book "Mosaic is my family - questions, stories, solutions"
’LEARNING AND SOCIETY’
Authors: Mező Ferenc
Published: October 2024

Conference
Nafion-based solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries
Authors:   National Research University “MPEI”, Kulova Tatiana L. , Skundin Alexander M. ,   National Research University “MPEI”
Published: October 2024

The use of solid polymer electrolytes is a novel and promising approach for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. A number of publications on manufacturing electrolytes with lithium-ion and sodium-ion conductivity based on Nafion-like polymers have appeared in recent decade. The present mini-review analyses various methods of the synthesis of such electrolytes and their properties, as well as the information on laboratory lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries using such electrolytes. The conclusion is made that the use of Nafion-based solid polymer electrolytes with Li+ and Na+ cation conductivity opens the way to creation of a new generation of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. The principal advantage of Nafion-based solid polymer electrolytes over traditional PEO-based electrolytes is a fairly high cation transport number, which provides a sharp decrease in concentration polarization and, consequently, the increase in the energy efficiency of batteries.
Research on Social Interaction Trends Between Tourists and Children in The Northern Mountain Tourist Areas
Authors: Nguyen Thi Huong Giang , Vu Ngoc Mai
Published: October 2024

Tourism is currently very developed in Vietnam, opening up opportunities to promote culture, sceneries and lives in remote areas to domestic and foreign tourists. Tourists coming to the mountain tourist areas in Northern Vietnam, in addition of the desire to enjoy the majestic and poetic view of the place, also aim to interact with people, especially children, who are said to be innocent and happy. In this research article, the authors studied the current trend of social interactions between tourists and children in northern mountain tourist areas after reviewing the theory of social interaction. In addition, the article also provides assessments and solutions to promote positive trends and limit negative trends of these interactions for authorities and children as well as families and schools in this area
Issues of Crime Committed by Drug Addicts Registered with a Penal Enforcement Inspectorate
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminology and Arrangement of Crime Prevention of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, PhD (Law), Egorova Tatyana I.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of drug addiction among convicts who have been sentenced without isolation from society, suspended or replaced with something else - without isolation from society, and have also been granted a deferment of serving their sentence or parole. Purpose: to review and evaluate the results of K.V.’Luttseva s dissertation research on the topic “Crime of drug addicts registered with penal inspections: characteristics, determinants, prevention” in the context of the modern development of the drug situation. Research methods: the basis was the dialectical method of understanding drug addiction as a complex socio-legal phenomenon based on current areas of legal regulation and scientific research data. A critical and problematic analysis of K.V.’Luttseva s dissertation was carried out, expressed in the author’s opinion on the problem of criminality of drug addicts registered with penal inspections. Conclusions: it is proved that there are significant features in the content of the study of crime among drug addicts registered with penal inspections, as well as the need for adequate and coordinated prevention. Scientific and practical significance: the article has scientific significance, providing a comprehensive overview of current problems in the context of combating recidivism among drug addicts. The practical significance lies in the study of strategies based on modern theories, which can serve as the basis for improving legislation and practical interaction in the field of countering drug addiction.
A pesquisa participante em etnografia: a importância do aluno como sujeito de pesquisa
Authors: Melo Sandra Cordeiro de
Published: October 2024

Este artigo visa compreender as interações estabelecidas pelos alunos nas salas de aula. Temcomo base uma pesquisa participante em uma Escola de Governo que, em linhas gerais, se configura como uma instituição da estrutura governamental, que forma servidores públicos graduados, para o aperfeiçoamento de suas atividades no agenciamento do Estado. Busca responder às seguintes questões: Como adinâmica da aula pode ser modificada, à medida que alunos e professores interagem? e quais as estratégias interacionais utilizadas pelos participantes e em que medida as intenções que movem essas interações são consideradas? Foi realizada uma pesquisa etnográfica, com base na microssociologia de Erving Goffman e na microanálise dos vídeos das aulas. A análise gerou categorias como: participação, estratégia de interação e barreiras à aprendizagem. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de revelar a importância dos movimentos interativos motivados pelo aluno e seu papel de sujeito do próprio processo de aprendizagem.
Apresentação - Dossiê Ensinar e Aprender na Universidade
Authors: Cândido Renata Marcílio , Amparo Patrícia Aparecida do , Castro Cesar Augusto
Published: October 2024

Em Meditações Pascalianas, Pierre Bourdieu (2001) se propõe a colocar em exame a razão e a prática escolástica, marcas da atividade filosófica. Ao fazer isso, o autor oferece interpretações desconcertantes acerca do homo academicus e, claro, do próprio campo acadêmico. Ao fazer isso, o intelectual francês salienta que uma das características dos filósofos reside na doxa epistêmica, ou seja, em um “[...] conjunto de crenças fundamentais que nem sequer precisam se afirmar sob a forma de um dogma explícito e consciente de si mesmo” (Bourdieu, 2001, p. 25). Compreender, portanto, o que caracteriza a atividade acadêmica requer explicitar tais elementos, frequentemente, distantes da consciência dos sujeitos. O dossiê Ensinar e aprender na universidade, embora com pretensões muito mais modestas do que a de Pierre Bourdieu, se propõe a explorar dimensões do espaço acadêmico, especialmente, no que se refere às possibilidades e/ou especificidades das formas de se entender e praticar a vida universitária. Poderíamos pensar que, de certa forma, os trabalhos ora apresentados buscam suspender um pouco do funcionamento impensado do cotidiano universitário para que se consiga enxergar um pouco mais de suas características, sobretudo, no que respeita às instituições universitárias de formação docente.
História do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, campus Imperatriz
Authors: Mendonça Brenda Marinho Silva , Fernandes Maria Neyrian de Fátima , Feitosa Marcela de Oliveira , Oliveira Francisca Jacinta Feitoza de
Published: October 2024

O estudo aborda a criação e implementação do curso de enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Maranhão em Imperatriz, Maranhão, proposto em 2006 para atender às necessidades dos profissionais na região. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete docentes, oito ex-alunos e um diretor da época. A análise dos dados revelou várias dificuldades na implantação do curso, incluindo falta de recursos estruturais e docentes, resultando em limitações de espaço e problemas no ensino teórico e prático nos primeiros anos. No entanto, os entrevistados reconhecem a importância do curso e seu impacto positivo na saúde local, regional e nacional. Apesar das adversidades iniciais, destacam-se os avanços conquistados, como um corpo docente qualificado e instalações adequadas. Os relatos coletados permitiram reconstruir a história do curso e evidenciaram a determinação de todos os envolvidos em superar os desafios e fortalecer sua identidade. Assim, a atual trajetória do curso reflete a perseverança na busca pela excelência e consolidação na área da saúde.
Development of vibration protection system with quasi-zero stiffness and adjustable parameters
Authors: Kuvshinov Kirill A. , Gavrilin Alexey N. , Moyzes Boris B. , Nizhegorodov Anatoliy I. , Kuznetsov Maksim A.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. While performing the operation processes, the technological equipment emits vibration. Vibration is a consequence of increased dynamic loads in structural elements and interfaces between systems and their elements. The development of fatigue damage can significantly accelerate. Therefore, the solution of the problems related to reducing vibration levels is always relevant. Each type of protective system has a linear law of changing the stiffness. This does not allow the effective damping of low-frequency vibrations. Thus, the information review demonstrates the future of the research according to the creation of the vibration protection systems, constantly improving their parameters in the following aspects: minimizing overall dimensions and number of parts; increasing reliability, especially in resonant mode; providing the ability to operate in modes with low stiffness. The last factor determines the good damping of vibration emitted by the source. Aim. To study the possibility of the vibration protection system development with quasi-zero stiffness with the ability to effectively dampen low-frequency vibrations. Methods. Information and analytical review in the field of the research, search for the constructive solutions, preliminary design calculations and 3D modeling, description of the device being developed and its operating principles. Results. The research presents the results of development of the vibration protection system with quasi-zero stiffness and a fragment of an information review of existing vibration protection systems. The authors indicated the main shortcomings specific to all vibration protection systems: relatively large sizes, large number of elements, insufficient operating frequency range. The authors proposed a constructive solution for creating a vibration damping system with a nonlinear law of change in stiffness. This solution allows eliminating the above shortcomings and providing the possibility of effective damping of low-frequency vibrations. The authors created the method for calculating the constructive parameters of a vibration damping system. An example of calculation is given in the paper. This system differs from existing vibration protection devices in its low stiffness and small dimensions, and a wide operating frequency range of vibration damping. The efficiency of the system operating with nonlinear and quasi-zero stiffness is proved.
Application of drag reduction agents as a method for reducing heat loss during pumping through a pipeline
Authors: Banerjee Tanoya , Shestakov Roman A.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The need to maintain the temperature regime of product pumping under increasingly complex conditions of pipeline routes by reducing heat losses of oil and petroleum product pipelines, as well as expanding the scope of application of anti-turbulence additives. Aim. To determine the effect of anti-turbulence additives on heat and hydraulic losses in the pipeline and to propose cost-effective ways to use additives when pumping through pipelines. Objects. Heat and hydraulic losses in pipelines pumping oil and oil products. Methods. Mathematical analysis of the influence of anti-turbulence additives on the thermohydraulic properties of the flow to assess the prospects for increasing the energy efficiency of pumping liquid through pipelines by introducing polymer additives. Results. The flow temperature was calculated using anti-turbulence additive depending on its concentration and efficiency, taking into account the dependence of the properties of the pumped product on temperature. The authors have constructed the graphic dependences of the economic components of heat and hydraulic losses on the concentration of anti-turbulence additives. The economic feasibility of the decision was estimated in terms of calculating the difference in pumping costs with and without anti-turbulence additives. The authors identified the relationship between the impact of losses from friction heat and heat exchange with the environment on heat losses, and analyzed the change in these parameters after the introduction of anti-turbulence additives. For the pipeline under consideration, the parameters of which correspond to standard pumping ones, the сonclusions were drawn on the predominance of the contribution of the additive hydraulic efficiency over the thermal one. This indicates the advisability of using an anti-turbulence additive as an agent for reducing heat losses at high values of the efficiency of the polymer additive, however, the overall economic efficiency is maximum at lower concentrations of the agent. The authors constructed a planar graph reflecting the dependence of the temperature at the end of the pipeline section on two coordinates: the length of the section and the hydraulic efficiency of the introduced additive.
Magnetic properties of lake Bannoe sediments (Southern Urals, Russia)
Authors: Yusupova Anastasia R. , Nurgalieva Nuriia G. , Kuzina Dilyara M. , Chernova Olga S. , Antonenko Vadim V.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Lake sediments contain the unique data on mineral composition and physical properties reflecting environmental and climate changes over the past millennia. These data are extremely important for understanding the environmental processes today and in the future. Magnetic minerals and properties are considered as essential to reconstruct sediment supply and climate fluctuations. Aim. To reveal magnetic susceptibility and coercive spectrometric parameters as relevant for lake cores stratification in accordance with climate terms. Object. Core of Lake Bannoe sediments (length is 512 cm). The age of the core is ~12.5 thousand years old. Materials and methods. The magnetic susceptibility was measured using MFK-1A Kappabridge (AGICO). The hysteresis parameters of the studied sedimentary deposits were determined using a coercive spectrometer (J_meter). Induced magnetization based differential thermomagnetic analysis was performed on an auto-registering magnetic torsion balance using the zero method. Results. The magnetic susceptibility of sediments taken from Lake Bannoe ranges from 0.88 to 7,87∙10-7m3/kg. Differential thermomagnetic analysis revealed the presence of magnetite in these sediments. The Day–Dunlop plot indicated that the magnetic grains in the samples of Lake Bannoe are a mix of single-domain and multi-domain (pseudo-single-domain) particles, with multi-domain grains comprising 70 to 92% of the total. Variations in magnetic susceptibility and its components were analyzed in relation to the Holocene climatic stages as defined by the Blytt–Sernander classification. Conclusions. It is found that the variations in magnetic properties of the studied sediments are in harmony with climate stages of the Holocene. Sediments of Lake Bannoe recorded the Bond event #8 (~11100 years ago), as well as regional aridization events which occurred ~4500 and ~2000 years ago. The results obtained during this study complement already existing paleoclimatology data, which will be interesting to a wide range of researchers – from paleoclimatologists to limnologists and ecologists.
Ventilation of large section blind headings under conditions of changing ore load size
Authors: Nakariakov Evgenii V. , Grishin Evgenii L. , Levin Lev Yu.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The need to ensure safe working conditions in the working areas of underground mines. Stagnant zones with low air velocities can be formed in large section blind heading behind the ore bulk when ore is shipped by mining machines. There is a possibility of the formation of local gas accumulations and their abrupt removal later in such stagnant zones due to the unsteadiness of accumulation and transfer of gas impurities in a blind heading. A sharp removal of gas will lead to contamination of the load-haul-dump operators’ workplace. Aim. To identify removal of exhaust gases in large section blind headings in conditions of changing ore load size. Objects. Large section blind headings with of complex geometry. Methods. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of unsteady turbulent flow of a gas-air mixture in the Ansys CFX, visualization and analysis of simulation data in the Wolfram Mathematica. Results. The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of ventilation of large section blind headings of complex geometry under conditions of changing ore load size formed during mining operations by the load-haul-dump machines with an internal combustion engine. It is shown that either a single vortex is formed that ventilates the blind headings space, or a stagnant zone behind the bulk ore, which is characterized by a relatively low intensity of mass transfer. Vortex formation depends on the height of the ore bulk. The authors have obtained the dependences of the change in the average concentration of exhaust gases at the outlet of the blind headings space on the operating time of the machine. They determined the dependence of the correction volume coefficient on the geometric parameters of the blind headings. An analytical model of the removal of gases from the blind headings space under conditions of changing bulk ore volume is obtained. The expression of increment in gas concentration on an operator’s workplace makes it possible to derive formula to find maximum time of load-haul dump operation in a stope such that gas concentration is never higher than maximum allowable concentration.
Features of the formation of natural-technical systems within the injection areas of the Daldyn kimberlite field (Western Yakutia)
Authors: Yannikov Alexey M. , Korepanov Alexey Yu. , Struchkova Agita S.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Primary diamond deposits mined by PJSC ALROSA in Western Yakutia have widespread watering of varying intensity with sub-permafrost and inter-permafrost strong and very strong brines. Currently, the resulting drainage waters are pumped back into the depths of the permafrost, which leads to the formation of natural-technogenic aquifers that require constant control, monitoring and study. Aim. Identification of the features of the formation of natural-technogenic systems within the injection areas of the Daldyn kimberlite field, determination of the volume of permafrost waters involved in this process, as well as their characteristics to confirm the environmental friendliness of the method of handling drainage brines. Methods. Field work consisted of quarterly routine testing of observation and injection wells. Assessment of technogenic influence, as well as subsequent forecasting of the dynamics of changes in cryohydrogeological conditions and hydrodynamic regime, was carried out using modeling methods in Feflow software. An additional method was analytical balance calculation based on the parameter of changing mineralization. Results and conclusions. The interaction of drainage waters with permafrost waters leads to areal changes in mineralization without significant changes in the dominant anions and cations within the studied objects, forming an equilibrium natural-technogenic system in the peripheral parts relative to background temperature conditions. The volume of formed man-made aquifers will exceed 300 million m3. The process of involving cryogenic waters, despite the significant volumes, has a positive impact on the ecological state of the territory, because in the peripheral parts of the resulting aquifers, equilibrium cryohydrogeological conditions are formed, characteristic of natural cryopegs in the region of study.
Thermal regime of peatlands in Western Siberia near the southern border of the permafrost
Authors: Moskovchenko Dmitrii V. , Gubarkov Anatoly A. , Fakhretdinov Artur V.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The permafrost degradation under the effect of global warming. It determines the necessity for a predictive assessment of permafrost stability to minimize disturbances to engineering installations in the permafrost zone. Aim. To assess the stability of frozen peatlands in the southern part of the zone of insular distribution of permafrost. Objects. Soils of flat-mound and high-mound palsa mires, which preserve permafrost on the southern border of the insular permafrost zone. Methods. Measurements of the temperature of peat and mineral soil in geocryological boreholes from 0 to 10 m deep using the SAM-N automatic monitoring surveillance network; determination of surface temperature from thermal channels of MODIS satellite images from 2000 to 2022; analysis of meteorological indices and determination of air temperature trends for predictive assessment of permafrost stability; calculation of indicator values of permafrost state, such as freezing degree-days and thawing degree-days, frost index, freezing and thawing N-factors. Results. Numerous features of unstable permafrost have been observed. In particular, the mean annual temperature of the surface layer was positive in all studied boreholes (+0.8...+1.3°C), and the temperature at the depth of zero amplitudes (10 m) is close to the melting point (with the predominance of temperatures in the range of –0.2...–0.3°C). Besides, a layer of soil that does not freeze throughout the year (non-merging permafrost) was identified. The thawing degree-days and frost number values correspond to areas with unfrozen soils. Positive trends in air temperature, Earth's surface temperature, and snow depth were observed. For 2000–2022, surface air temperature increased by 0.76°C/10 years on average. The land surface temperature increased in summer by an average of 0.42°C/10 years. If the positive trend in surface air temperatures continues, frozen peatlands in the southern part of the permafrost zone will completely melt in 50–70 years.
Effect of carbon component properties on thermal physical characteristics of polymer composite materials for electrical devices
Authors: Minakova Natalya N. , Ushakov Vasily Ya.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Polymer composite materials with carbon components have not only good functional characteristics as resistors, but also low price, low specific gravity, and relatively simple industrial manufacturing technology. This determines the expansion of the scope of their application, including in material-intensive oil and gas equipment, in high-voltage electrical and electrophisikal installations. Expanding the areas of application of such materials requires research into thermophysical characteristics and methods for controlling them to optimize thermal conditions during continuous operation of equipment containing components made of polymer composite materials with carbon fillers. Thermophysical characteristics can be formed using a wide range of parameters; the main ones are the type of electrically conductive and connecting components. However, changing the binder requires a radical change in technology, which is not always acceptable for a number of reasons. Aim. To study the effect of the electrically conductive component (carbon black) on the thermophysical characteristics of rubbers filled with carbon black; establish the dependence of the thermophysical characteristics of the composite on the type of carbon black. Object. Thermophysical characteristics of the composite material, largely determined by the electrically conductive component. Methods. Instrumental measurements of thermophysical and electrical characteristics of materials, statistical and correlation analysis. Results. The authors have experimentally established that the thermophysical characteristics of rubbers filled with carbon black (heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity) depend on the type of carbon black. They identified the patterns of changes in these characteristics. The paper analyzes their relationship with the properties of carbon black and the characteristics of the macrostructure of the composite material. Based on the conducted research, the authors developed the recommendations for selecting the grade of carbon black for composites used in such areas as: electric heating systems operating on the principles of self-regulating heaters, devices operating in non-stationary thermal conditions, etc.
Electromechanical processes in electric power steering system based on permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Garganeev Alexander G. , Ibrahim Ibrahim Ahmed , Ulyanov Dmitry I. , Antropov Anton A.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Electric power steering of vehicles successfully competes with hydraulic boosters of similar purposes, showing high efficiency, energy saving and environmental friendliness. Aim. To study and research electromechanical processes of electric power steering system based on permanent magnet synchronous motor. Methods. Mathematical and numerical modeling using the Matlab/Simulink software package. Results. The article discusses the operating modes of an electric power steering based on an electric motor with permanent magnets. The authors analyzed two classic schemes for constructing steering systems with electric power steering – with the electric motor placed on the steering column and on the steering rack. Block diagrams of the mechanical and electrical parts of the steering system have been developed. Based on mathematical dependencies characterizing the operating modes of the steering system, a complete dynamic simulation model of the electric power amplifier was obtained on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Based on a preliminary analysis of control methods and algorithms in the system to solve the problem of control stability, PI controllers with low-pass filters are implemented to regulate the current and voltage of the electric motor depending on the speed of the vehicle and the angle of rotation of the steering wheels. The simulation results were used to design a real electric power steering for a specific vehicle. Conclusions. The complete simulation model of an electric booster based on a synchronous motor with permanent magnets in a car steering system obtained by the authors adequately reflects the dynamic control processes and can be used in the design of automotive vehicles.
Natural and anthropogenic factors that determine the activity of geological processes of the Abakan agglomeration
Authors: Strokova Ludmila A. , Sagalakov Dmitry Yu.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. As a result of the construction and operation of buildings and structures within the Abakan agglomeration, there is an activation of existing and the formation of new engineering and geological processes accompanied by accidental destruction of constructions. In order to minimize economic and socio-environmental damage, timely development of scientifically sound urban planning and architectural planning solutions is necessary. It would take into account the results of design studies of engineering protection of the territory from dangerous manifestations of engineering and geological processes. Generalization of the available survey results in order to typify the engineering and geological conditions of the urban area will optimize the construction development of urban areas, develop reliable schemes of engineering protection against the manifestations of dangerous engineering and geological processes. Aim. To establish natural and anthropogenic factors that determine the activity of dangerous geological processes in the territory of the Abakan agglomeration. Methods. Collection, systematization and analysis of available territorial geological, hydrological, hydrogeological, environmental information, results of engineering surveys. Results and conclusions. At a qualitatively new level, a set of maps has been compiled on the factors that determine the development of dangerous geological processes. The authors have carried out a GIS analysis of morphometric indicators of the relief of the agglomeration territory: maps of the steepness and exposure of the slopes were constructed. The analysis of the collected data made it possible to establish the regional characteristics of the components of the geological environment and propose a zoning scheme for the territory for its construction development and engineering protection. The authors identified four taxa during zoning: territories favorable for construction that do not require significant engineering training; territories conditionally favorable for construction, requiring preliminary engineering training; territories conditionally unfavorable for construction, requiring significant costs for engineering training; territories unfavorable for construction. The boundaries of the taxa are based on the analysis of the geomorphological features of the territory. The conducted research was performed for the agglomeration territory for the first time.
Analysis of applying machine learning methods in rock classification problems on core samples
Authors: Kochegurov Alexander I. , Denisov Vladislav I. , Zadorozhnykh Elizaveta A.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Core studies in the oil and gas industry allow us to obtain some filtration and capacity characteristics of rocks, as well as to give an idea of the composition and structure of the subsoil. This information is extremely important in the early stages of field development, as it allows us to formulate a primary version of the development project, which is then refined during the course of field drilling. However, core analysis and description are an extremely labor-intensive and human-influenced works that require automation. Thus, core image research is a popular task in the oil and gas industry that requires high accuracy and care during work; especially considering the volume of images that have to be analyzed. Aim. To review and analyze existing algorithms for classifying rocks from core images based on machine learning methods; as well as to use the information obtained to formulate recommendations for the development of these algorithms. Methods. Machine learning methods, including neural networks. Results. The work analyzed existing approaches to the study of core samples. The main advantages and disadvantages of each of them were noted and, based on the findings, a plan and requirements for conducting further research on core samples using machine learning were developed. As a result, using a convolutional neural network on the U-Net architecture, the authors have trained a model to solve the problem of segmentation of core samples in daytime images and presented the results of the model operation.
Terms for describing atmospheric deposition of substances on surfaces
Authors: Ianchenko Natalia I.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The need to assess the state of the environment based on the use of terminology for quantitative chemical characteristics of the underlying surface as a result of deposition of pollutants in the composition of wet and dry fallout from the atmosphere. Aim. This study can be a source of information about the terminology used to describe the state of the underlying surface during the deposition of substances from the atmosphere, with links to scientific and technical literature. Methods. Review of some scientific and technical literature and an attempt to select terms used to quantify the ecological state of the underlying surface, mainly snow, after the arrival of substances as part of dry and wet deposition from the atmosphere, depending on the sampling method. Results and conclusions. The author has carried out an analysis of the scientific and technical literature and defined the terms applied to a quantity that has the dimension mass/area*time for assessing the ecological state of the snow cover, such as specific reserve (surface density), deposition density, atmospheric deposition density, precipitation intensity pollutant, daily deposition of chemical elements, technogenic load, dust load, pollution load (element), mass load, gas-aerosol load, technogenic pressure module, input module, atmospheric fallout module, mass of the determined component received at unit area, flux obtained on the basis of sampling during snow chemical survey. An analysis of the scientific and technical literature was also carried out and the terms applied to a value with the same dimension mass/area*time were defined to assess the ecological state of the underlying surface during the deposition of substances from the atmosphere, such as  "fallout density", "atmospheric fallout density", “pollutant fallout intensity”, “aggravating substance", "precipitation", "critical load", "flow" obtained based on sample collection using plates, cuvettes, collections.
Capitales naturales y su conservación en comunidades rurales de Guatemala
Authors: Vargas-Galvez Carlos , Bustamante-Castillo Michelle , Barrios-Izás Manuel
Published: October 2024

Los procesos integrales de conservación de los capitales naturales utilizados por comunidades rurales requieren un equilibrio entre su explotación y conservación, con estrategias efectivas basadas en el conocimiento y valoración de estos recursos. Este estudio resalta la importancia y el nivel de valoración que se le da a los capitales naturales en dos grupos de comunidades rurales del oriente de Guatemala, proponiendo medidas de conservación basadas en el estatus de conservación de algunos de estos capitales y en base a programas exitosos de conservación del país. El estudio resalta el reconocimiento de ciertos capitales naturales como los más importantes, como el agua y la energía solar. Además, discute el desafío de conservación para otros capitales como la leña y el ocote debido a su uso ineficiente. El estudio reveló que es esencial promover una mayor conciencia sobre la conexión intrínseca y el respeto hacia la naturaleza en las comunidades rurales en estudio. Fomentar valores como la conservación, la preservación y la armonía con el entorno natural puede fortalecer la relación entre las comunidades y los recursos naturales, impulsando una gestión más responsable y consciente. Al considerar las necesidades y perspectivas de las comunidades locales, se pueden diseñar estrategias más efectivas que promuevan tanto el bienestar humano como la conservación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos.
Versión mejorada del mapa digital de coberturas naturales de la primera edición hojas cartográficas de Costa Rica escala 1:25 000
Authors: Calvo-Alvarado Julio , Carvajal-Vanegas Dorian , Jiménez-Salazar Vladimir , Castro-Campos Marco
Published: October 2024

Los mapas de cobertura del suelo son muy importantes para comprender el proceso de cambio de uso de la tierra, así como para la conservación y la gestión racional de los recursos naturales. Sin embargo, en Costa Rica, la información detallada de la cartografía digital sólo está disponible después de la introducción de las imágenes Landsat y los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en la década de 1980´s. Por lo tanto, es crucial recuperar información de las hojas cartográficas históricas para proporcionar una mejor línea de base histórica. En este artículo se explica el proceso de conversión y corrección del mapa digital de coberturas del suelo de la primera edición de las hojas cartográficas de Costa Rica, publicadas inicialmente en papel por el Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) a escala 1:25.000, basándose en fotografías aéreas tomadas en 1945. Estas hojas cartográficas contienen información valiosa sobre las coberturas terrestres de bosques, humedales, manglares, salinas y cuerpos de agua. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de este proyecto fue crear una capa única y corregida de coberturas naturales del suelo en formato digital para la Península de Nicoya, de acceso libre y gratuito al público a través de la plataforma del Sistema Nacional de Información Territorial (SNIT) del Instituto Geográfico Nacional de Costa Rica.
Compuestos orgánicos volátiles biogénicos: estado del arte sobre metodologías de muestreo y cuantificación de sus emisiones gaseosas
Authors: Mora-Barrantes Jose Carlos
Published: October 2024

Los compuestos orgánico volátiles biogénicos (COVB) son producidos por una gran diversidad de fuentes en los ecosistemas terrestres (flores, tallos, troncos, raíces, hojarasca, entre otros. Entre los diferentes tipos de COVB están los compuestos; terpenoides, oxigenados, alcanos, alquinos, haluros orgánicos, entre otros. La presente investigación realiza una descripción del estado del arte en relación con las diferentes metodologías aplicadas para el muestreo y cuantificación de los compuestos orgánicos volátiles biogénicos. El presente proyecto evaluó 20 diferentes investigaciones para las cuales se analizaron los COVB en diferentes ambientes (bosques, ciudades, plantas específicas, zonas agrícolas, flores, patógenos, ecosistemas mediterráneos, entre otros). Los resultados indican  que existen varias técnicas utilizadas en la cuantificación de los COVB, siendo las dos  técnicas analíticas que se utilizan mayormente las técnicas basadas en cromatografía de gases (GC), como cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS), GC con detector de ionización de llama (GC-FID) y desorción térmica-cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (TD-GC-MS); y las técnicas fundamentadas en espectrometría de masas basada en ionización química suave, como espectrometría de masas de tubo de flujo de iones seleccionados (SIFT-MS) y espectrometría de masas de reacción de transferencia de protones (PTR-MS). Se concluye que la elección de las técnicas analíticas adecuadas para el análisis de COVB depende de los objetivos específicos del estudio, las características de la muestra y la sensibilidad requerida. Las técnicas basadas en GC, como GC-MS, GC-FID y TD-GC-MS, se utilizan para la identificación y cuantificación precisa de COVB en muestras complejas, mientras que la espectrometría de masas basada en ionización química suave, como SIFT-MS y PTR-MS, se utiliza en situaciones que requieren una respuesta en tiempo real y una alta sensibilidad.
Comparación de dos metodologías de cálculo de emisiones de gases efecto invernadero para vehículos en Costa Rica, 2014
Authors: Picado-Valenzuela Priscila , Rodríguez-Yánez Javier , Sibaja-Brenes José Pablo
Published: October 2024

Contar con métodos confiables para estimar las emisiones antropogénicas de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) es de vital importancia para diseñar estrategias eficientes para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático. Uno de estos métodos es el software MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) diseñado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (US-EPA). Otra metodología es la implementada por el Instituto Meteorológico Nacional (IMN) de Costa Rica, la cual se basa en las directrices del Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático (IPCC). El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la factibilidad de utilizar MOVES en el contexto costarricense para la obtención de factores locales que mejoren las estimaciones de emisiones de GEI para fuentes móviles vehiculares en Costa Rica en el 2014. Para esto se evaluaron dos escenarios de emisiones estimadas de GEI calculados mediante el software de modelado MOVES y la metodología de cálculo implementada por el IMN. Para esto se recopiló información de diferentes fuentes oficiales para suplir de datos a ambas metodologías y realizar el análisis. Asimismo, se realizó una comparación cuantitativa con una escala Likert para determinar la confiabilidad de los dos métodos. Como resultados se determinó que MOVES calcula valores de emisión de GEI más altos que la metodología del IMN. Relacionado con esto, el análisis con las categorías Likert demostró que la confiabilidad de los datos de la metodología MOVES para Costa Rica es menor que los utilizados por el IMN. En conclusión la metodología de cálculo de emisiones de GEI por MOVES y por el IMN brindan un rango superior e inferior al cálculo de emisiones de GEI. Asimismo, ambas metodologías plantean aproximaciones complementarias al estudio de las emisiones de GEI.
Papel del Mioinositol en la regulación hormonal femenina y el Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico
Authors: Martínez-Loría Hazel Johanna , Vargas-Zúñiga Lester Fabian , González-Vargas Joshua Andrey , Cordero-Robles Kristel Mariana , Urrea-Mayorga María José
Published: October 2024

Los inositoles son hexahidroxiciclohexanos conformados por nueve estereoisómeros, la mayoría biológicamente activos. La presente revisión pretende recapitular los principales efectos del mioinositol (MI) sobre las características patológicas del síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) y su papel como regulador en la respuesta hormonal y bioquímica femenina. Las pacientes con SOP presentan trastornos clínicos, hormonales, metabólicos y fisiológicos que requieren tratamiento especializado a largo plazo. Por su parte, el inositol ha demostrado ser efectivo para reducir la severidad de los síntomas, regular la función menstrual y mejorar el perfil hormonal controlando parámetros metabólicos, por lo que su administración representa una opción efectiva para el manejo de los síntomas del SOP. A pesar de esto, existen limitaciones para los estudios como el hecho de que, al tratarse de un síndrome, el SOP es una condición heterogénea con una amplia variedad de síntomas y manifestaciones clínicas, por lo que también implica variedad de respuesta en las pacientes al MI. En los últimos años, su investigación ha generado evidencia terapéutica prometedora, pero aún falta abarcar más estudios controlados y doble ciego para definir su efecto según los fenotipos del SOP, así como investigaciones a largo plazo que evalúen la seguridad y eficacia del tratamiento en períodos prolongados. De manera general, el MI representa una alternativa efectiva y segura para el tratamiento del SOP, mostrando resultados similares a los presentados por otros tratamientos sin la presencia de los efectos secundarios conocidos.
Percepción de la calidad de vida en un grupo de adultos mayores de Envigado (Colombia)
Authors: Varela L Luz E. , Gallego A Erika A.
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional es un hecho mundial en crecimiento que implica transformaciones sociales, políticas y culturales. La vejez es un constructo social que involucra la asignación de roles de acuerdo con la edad, el género y las normas socioculturales, lo que la hace diversa y afecta la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Este es un estudio cualitativo sobre las percepciones de la calidad de vida de un grupo de adultos mayores de Envigado (Colombia), donde se exponen algunascircunstancias definitorias de esta categoría y las condiciones a las que ellos otorgan un estado de bienestar. Metodología: Se utilizó un enfoque etnográfico particularista, centrado en 70 adultos mayores activos del centro gerontológico “Atardecer”. Los grupos focales fueron grabados y transcritos, se realizócodificación, se llenaron categorías y posteriormente se derivaron las relaciones para establecer tendencias de comportamiento. Resultados: Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentra que las condiciones definitorias de calidad de vida no solo se relacionan con satisfacción de necesidades básicas, sino también con que exista una vida en comunidad y poder contar con los apoyos del Estado. Conclusiones: Se muestra la posibilidad de lograr el envejecimiento y la vejez con una buena calidad de vida, que depende de decisiones propias, del gobierno y del entorno que crea la comunidad. Este trabajo aporta las percepciones que tiene una población de adultos mayores sobre la calidad de vida y puede contribuir en la definición de políticas públicas para los grupos vulnerados por precariedad del contexto más cercano. Palabras clave: Anciano, Adulto mayor, Calidad de vida, Bienestar, Percepción, Satisfacción. (Fuente: DeCS).
Evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana de extractos vegetales contra Enterococcus faecalis resistente a vancomicina
Authors: Mojica Ávila Diana N. , Ramírez-Rueda Román Y. , Espitia Mayorga Mery I.
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Enterococcus faecalis resistente a vancomicina (EfRV) posee resistencia a glucopeptidos, betalactámicos, aminoglucosidos, lincosamidas y trimetroprimsulfametoxazol. Actualmente se cuenta con pocas opciones terapéuticas para el tratamiento de la infección por EfRV. Las infecciones comúnmente causadas por enterococos incluyen, infección de vías urinarias (IVU), endocarditis, bacteriemia, infecciones asociadas a catéter, infecciones de heridas, e  infecciones intra-abominales y pélvicas. En muchas oportunidades las cepas que causan estos cuadros infecciosos se originan de la microbiota intestinal. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antibacteriano de extractos de  siete plantas reportadas por los habitantes de la zona rural de Soracá (Colombia), como agentes con potencial acción curativa ante infecciones. Materiales y Métodos: Se elaboraron extractos metanólicos y diclorometánicos de las plantas en estudio a través de extracción continua mediante Soxhlet. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de los extractos contra Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 (resistente a vancomicina), por medio del método de microdilución en caldo propuesto por el CLSI.Resultados: Cuatro extractos tuvieron una CMI de 1,25 mg/mL, y el extracto diclometánico de las hojas de C. officinalis tuvo una CMI de 0,625 mg/mL. Conclusión: Estos resultados demuestran la capacidad inhibitoria de dichas plantas y validan parcialmente el conocimiento etnofarmacológico de los habitantes de la zona rural de Soracá.
Anencefalia un tipo de defecto del tubo neural: Reporte de caso.
Authors: López V Jesse M. , Lobo M. Beatriz C. , Niño S Gabriel F.
Published: October 2024

Los defectos del tubo neural (DTN) corresponden a malformaciones congénitas del encéfalo y la médula espinal que tienen lugar en las primeras semanas de gestación, dentro de las cuales la anencefalia es una de las patologías más prevalentes y severas. Se trató de una paciente de 28 años de edad segundagestación con un parto previo vivo, con embarazo de 28 semanas y 6 días por ecografía del primer trimestre. Tras una ecografía de tercer trimestre de rutina se describió posible ausencia de la calota fetal por lo que se remitió para manejo por medicina materno-fetal, donde se realizó el diagnóstico ultrasonográfico de defecto del tubo neural tipo anencefalia. Durante el desarrollo embrionario, el riesgo de desarrollar DTN es mayor en la cuarta semana de gestación, se ha demostrado que la probabilidad de padecerlos puede ser reducida con la suplementación de ácido fólico a las gestantes.