bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH LANGSUNG DI INDONESIA PRESPEKTIF AL-MAWARDI
Authors: Misalina Misalina , Elimartati Elimartati
Published: September 2023

This study discusses the mechanism of direct regional head elections in Indonesia and the analysis of direct regional head elections in Indonesia from Al-Mawardi's perspective. Data collection techniques such as primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials, as well as data management so that they can answer problems. Based on the research that the author has done, it can be concluded that the mechanism for the first direct regional head election in Indonesia is based on Law Number 10 of 2016 concerning regional head elections which are carried out directly by using the stages of compiling the voter list, campaign stages for regional head requirements, polling vote and vote counting, appointment of regional heads. The second is an analysis of the implementation of direct regional head elections in Indonesia and according to al-Mawardi there are similarities and differences in the mechanism, requirements, authority of regional heads and stages of regional head elections.
PEMBAGIAN WARISAN ANAK TIRI DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM (Studi kasus Desa Bumi Mulya, Logas Tanah Darat, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi)
Authors: Krismayanti Krismayanti , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: September 2023

This study examines the study of Islamic law on the practice of dividing the inheritance of stepchildren in Bumi Mulya village, Logas Tanah Darat sub-district, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province. The problem is that some of the people of Bumi Mulya village give inheritance to their stepchildren. From these problems, the question arises what are the factors that some of the people of Bumi Mulya village make and give stepchildren as people who are entitled to receive inheritance and how is the system for dividing the inheritance of stepchildren in Bumi Mulya village. This research is a type of field research. Sources of data in this research obtained through observation and interviews. data is processed by triangulation. Then it is narrated descriptively. The results of this study are the factors that some people make stepchildren as people who are entitled to inherit property are: stepchildren are part of the family component, to minimize disputes, to repay children's services in their participation in looking for property and caring for parents, stepchild inheritance division system The distribution carried out by the Bumi Mulya village community is by way of deliberation and grants.
MEMPERGILIRKAN HARTA WARISAN DI NAGARI TARAM PRESPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Ramadhani Ramadhani , Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: September 2023

This study examines the distribution of inheritance in rotation. The problem is that the inheritance is not distributed individually to the heirs, but the heirs only take the proceeds from the inheritance, and if the male heir dies, the right of turn is removed, but if the female heir dies, the right of turn is continued by his son. From these problems, questions arise about how the process of implementing the rotation of inheritance in Nagari Taram is and how to review Islamic aristocratic law on the implementation of rotation of inheritance. This research is a field research. The data were obtained through interviews with respondents and documents of inheritance, then the data were narrated descriptively. The results are discussed with the proposed theories. This study found that the rotation of inheritance is a community tradition that has been going on for quite a long time, the types of assets that are rotated are rice fields, gardens, and livestock (cows). Based on Islamic inheritance law, rotating inheritance in Nagari Taram is not in accordance with the provisions of Islamic inheritance contained in Surah An-Nisa 'verse 11-12 and the principles in Islamic inheritance law. This verse explains that inheritance must be distributed according to the share of each heir, while the tradition of rotating inheritance in Nagari Taram the heirs do not know how much each heir is entitled to receive. And children of heirs who have died are not entitled to a turn, because grandchildren are veiled by children.
LARANGAN MENIKAH BORU NINAMBORU MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus di Kampung Binubu Baru Nagari Sontang Padang Gelugur Kabupaten Pasaman)
Authors: Martua Martua , Suryani Irma
Published: September 2023

The main problem in this paper is the provisions on the prohibition of marrying boru ninamboru and the view of Islamic law on the prohibition of marrying boru ninamboru in the village of Binubu Baru, Nagari Sontang Cubadak, Pasaman Regency. The purpose of this study is to find out how the provisions on the prohibition of marrying boru ninamboru and analyzing how Islamic law views the prohibition of marrying boru ninamboru in the village of Binubu Baru Nagari Sontang Cubadak, Pasaman Regency. This type of research is this research is field research (field research). Data collection was carried out through interviews with respondents, namely traditional leaders, religious scholars and people who would commit the customary violation. After the data is obtained, the writer analyzes it descriptively qualitatively so that the data is understood. The location of this research is in Binubu Baru Village, Padang Gelugur District, Pasaman Regency. From the results of the study, it was found that the rules regarding the prohibition of marrying boru ninamboru were believed to exist by the people of Kampung Binubu Baru Nagari Sontang Cubadak, Pasaman Regency. This customary prohibition against marrying boru ninamboru has never happened because of the strong belief of the community in the prevailing customs and the sanctions that are so strong and strict. The provisions on the prohibition of marrying boru ninamboru in Kampung Binubu Baru have become rules that have existed in ancient times originating from ancestors, followed until now from generation to generation, these rules are not written but are firmly held by traditional leaders accompanied by sanctions. In the view of Islamic law that marriage to boru ninamboru is allowed and not prohibited in religion which has been explained in surah An-Nisa verses 22-23, for that customs regarding the prohibition of marrying boru ninamboru are included in 'urf fasid.
UANG PALEPOH AMBUN DALAM PERKAWINAN DI TABEK PATAH KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Taher Tarmizi , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: September 2023

This study examines palepoh ambun money in marriage and the view of Islamic law on the implementation of palepoh ambun money in marriage in Nagari Tabek Patah, Tanah Datar Regency. This research is empirical qualitative research. The data was obtained through interviews with community leaders, Alim Ulama, Niniak mamak, the chairman of KAN, and the perpetrators of the ambun palepoh money. The findings of this study are that if there is a man outside or from another village who wants to marry a woman from the Tabek Patah village, the man must pay palepoh ambun money. The urgency of the palepoh ambun money is to support the smooth running of the marriage process because the money is to ease the transportation costs of ninik mamak in the marriage process, according to the term bajalan baaleh tapak, bakato baaleh lidah, because ninik mamak and tribal chiefs are not paid in Minangkabau customs so they are not paid may be using personal money, not only that the money is also used for the cost of entertaining the men's family. According to Islamic law, palepoh ambun money is not a requirement related to marriage. Therefore, palepoh ambun money does not conflict with syara' law. This tradition of palepoh ambun money contains beneficial values in the form of reducing the cost of ninik mamak, strengthening the friendship between mamak of both parties, and easing the cost of the kitchen, so that the payment of palepoh ambun money is permissible (permissible), meaning that it can be carried out by the community as long as it fulfills the elements of 'Urf sahih, which is beneficial and does not cause harm.
FORMULASI FRASA PENCEMARAN NAMA BAIK PADA PASAL 27 AYAT (3) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2008 BESERTA PERUBAHAN PERSPEKTIF FIQH SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH
Authors: Putra Artha Prima , Prayitno Sudi
Published: September 2023

This article discusses how the formulation of the phrase defamation in Article 27 Paragraph (3) which does not explain what kind of act that leads to defamation is so that this phrase has a very broad meaning and is considered by the community and various circles as a rubber article with multiple interpretations. Several cases that occurred in Indonesia in Article 27 Paragraph (3) gave rise to the diversity of judges in making decisions. This article is a library research using a normative legal approach. This study finds that when viewed in Islamic law the main goal is to form laws to enforce justice and order in society. This justice has also been explained in Law Number 15 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Legislation in Article 6 letter g. Defamation in Islamic law is termed tajassus (finding other people's faults), tahassus (eavesdropping on people's conversations), ghibah (gossip), fitnah (fake news) because of the similarity of illat.
INTEGRASI BUDAYA DAN SYARAK TRADISI KASUR PAPAN DI NAGARI TANJUNG BARULAK KECAMATAN BATIPUH KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR
Authors: Deswanto Rifal , Fitri Hidayati
Published: September 2023

Studi ini mengkaji tentang proses pelaksanaan tradisi kasur papan dalam perkawinan di Nagari Tanjung Barulak Kecamatan Batipuh Kabupaten Tanah Datar dan menjelaskan pandangan hukum Islam tentang tradisi ini. Permasalahannya adalah masyarakat yang tidak melakukan prosesi adat ini yaitu suami belum bisa tinggal serumah dengan istri dan dampak sosial adalah sebagai bahan bicaraan bagi masyarakat ataupun ‘aib bagi keluarga maupun kaum dari pihak perempuan yang tidak melaksanakan tradisi kasur papan tersebut. Dari permasalahan tersebut muncul pertanyaan, Bagaimana pelaksanaan tradisi kasur papan dalam resepsi perkawinan di Nagari Tanjung Barulak Kecamatan Batipuh Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam tentang tradisi kasur papan di Nagari Tanjung Barulak Kecamatan Batipuh Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan data atau bahan penelitian ini diperoleh melalui teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif, serta memaparkan melalui kalimat yang efektif. Penelitian ini menemukan hasil Berdasarkan kaidah fiqh sesuatu yang terjadi berupa tradisi/kebiasaan/adat apapun yang ada di masyarakat, selagi tidak ada kaitannya dengan persoalan ibadah dan tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariat (tidak ada nash yang melarang) dan sudah ditetapkan oleh masyarakat setempat atas dasar keputusan orang-orang terdahulu maka boleh saja dilakukan (ibahah).
EFEKTIVITAS HUKUM DALAM PRIORITAS PENGGUNAAN DANA DESA TAHUN 2021 PASCA PENETAPAN PERMENDES PDTT NOMOR 13 TAHUN 2020 PERSPEKTIF SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH
Authors: Nabilla Mutiara , Raus Afrian
Published: September 2023

Studi ini mengkaji tentang efektivitas Peraturan Menteri Desa Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi Nomor 13 Tahun 2020 tentang Prioritas Penggunaan Dana Desa Tahun 2021 dalam bidang pembangunan di Nagari Sungai Duo Kabupaten Dharmasraya perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah. Permamasalah yang terjadi yaitu singkronisasi hukum pasca penetapan Permendes PDTT nomor 13 Tahun 2021. Terdapat kerancuan mengenai penetapan Permendes PDTT Nomor 13 Tahun 2020 tentang prioritas penggunaan dana desa tahun 2021, pada pasal 5 ayat (2) yang mewajibakan semua desa harus menerapkan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Desa yang merupakan suatu kewajiban desa harus melaksanakan pembangunan berkelanjutan desa dan dilakukan melalui swakelola dengan mendayagunakan sumber daya lokal desa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan obeservasi setelah data terkumpul kemudian dinarasikan secara deskriptif. Hasil yang dicapai adalah penetapan permendes PDTT Nomor 13 Tahun 2020 dilihat dari teori efektivitas hukum dinilai sebagai aturan yang gagal untuk dilakukan karena adanya ketentuan dalam aturan tersebut yang sukar untuk dilaksanakan di beberapan daerah sehinggal aturan tersebut dihukum belum efektif dan dalam islam belum mengandung prinsip keadilan dan kemaslahatan.
ANALISIS DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN TAKSI ONLINE TERHADAP ANGKUTAN KONVESIONAL (ANGKUTAN UMUM)
Authors: Saputra Randa Irawan , Pertiwi Dian
Published: September 2023

: Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis dampak kebijakan Peraturan Menteri Pehubungan Nomor 118 Tahun 2018 Tentang Angkutan Sewa Khusus terhadap Pasal 27 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah”Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif. Yaitu menganalisis dampak kebijakan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungangan Nomor 118 Tahun 2018 terhadap Pasal 27 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama: peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 118 Tahun 2018 Tentang Angkutan Sewa Khusus yang mengatur tentang Transportasi taksi online sudah beberapakali dilakukan  perubahan tapi masih saja merugikan angkutan konvesional (angkutan umum), adanya kelonggaran untuk angkutan transportasi online dari segi Izin operasi, warna plat kendaraan, tempat mengambil penumpang, dan tarif adalah aspek-aspek yang menjadi poin utama konflik yang terjadi di antara transportasi konvensional dan transportasi online, sehingga membuat transportasi online ini dianggap memonopoli tarif transportasi. Dalam Pasal 27 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 menyatakan bahwa setiap Warga Negara Indonesia berhak atas pekerjaan dan penghidupan yang layak bagi kemanusiaan dimana perkembangan teknologi tidak dapat di batasi karena seiiring pekembangan zaman teknologi juga terus berkembang terutama di bidang transportasi, keberadaan transportasi online menimbulkan dampak positif  bagi pengguna yang sudah terbiasa menggunakan kecanggihan teknologi smart phone, dampak negagatif bagi masyarakat yang ketinggalan teknologi karena tidak dapat menggunakan transportasi online dan menurunya penggunaan angkutan konvesional ( angkutan umum) karena adanya moda transportasi online yang lebih efesien dan efektif. Kedua: menurut fiqh siyasah bahwa kebijakan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 118 tahun 2018 belum memenuhi kriteria dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dalam siyasah dusturiyah, karena adanya ketidak kesetaraan yang di timbulkan oleh peraturan terhadap angkutan konvesional (angkutan umum) sehingga memicu persaingan tidak sehat di bidang transportasi. Pemerintah sebagai pembuat kebijakan harus mementingkan kemaslahatan umat, kemaslahatan ini di dapatkan oleh semua kalangan tanpa terkecuali, namun dalam Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 118 Tahun 2018 pemerintah lebih pro terhdap akungktan online, dan berdampak kerugian bagi angkutan konvesional (umum) dari segi pekerjaan dan pendapatan yang terus berkurang.
Exploring the Potential Association Between Self-Reported Psychological Stress and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease in Midlife: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Franks Katherine H. , Cribb Lachlan , Bransby Lisa , Buckley Rachel , Yassi Nawaf , Chong Trevor T.-J. , Lim Yen Ying , Pase Matthew P.
Published: September 2023

Psychological stress is associated with dementia risk. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This cross-sectional study examined the association between self-reported psychological stress and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and neurodegeneration in 73 cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults from the Healthy Brain Project (mean age = 58±7 years). Linear regression analyses did not reveal any significant associations of psychological stress with CSF amyloid-β42, phosphorylated tau-181, total tau, or neurofilament light chain. Cohen’s f2 effect sizes were small in magnitude (f2≤0.08). Further research is needed to replicate our findings, particularly given that the sample reported on average low levels of stress.
The heat equation with the dynamic boundary condition as a singular limit of problems degenerating at the boundary
Authors: Giga Yoshikazu , Łasica Michał , Rybka Piotr
Published: September 2023

We derive the dynamic boundary condition for the heat equation as a limit of boundary layer problems. We study convergence of their weak and strong solutions as the width of the layer tends to zero. We also discuss Γ-convergence of the functionals generating these flows. Our analysis of strong solutions depends on a new version of the Reilly identity.
Virtual touch tissue imaging for differential diagnosis in ACR TI-RADS category 3-4 thyroid nodules: Conservative and aggressive methods
Authors: Lian Kai-Mei , Lin Teng
Published: September 2023

PURPOSE: Many Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) category 3-4 nodules are benign. Our study aimed to add virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) to TI-RADS using two methods, namely conservative and aggressive, and to explore which method had better diagnostic performance and which method avoided more unnecessary biopsies. METHODS: From January 2016 to December 2021, we included 121 thyroid nodules classified as TI-RADS category 3-4 in 115 consecutive patients in this retrospective study. This study used the reference standard for pathological diagnosis by surgical resection or biopsy. The diagnostic performance of the different methods was evaluated and compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC). RESULTS: In this study, the aggressive approach had the best diagnostic performance among TI-RADS alone, the conservative approach, and the aggressive approach (AUC: 0.863 versus 0.598, P = 0.0007; 0.863 versus 0.755, P = 0.0067). When we used an aggressive approach, 75.44% (43/57) of the 57 false-positive nodes diagnosed by TI-RADS were appropriately downgraded from TI-RADS category 4 to category 3, avoiding unnecessary biopsies. CONCLUSION: VTI improves the diagnostic performance of TI-RADS. The aggressive approach of combining the TI-RADS with VTI would help reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Differential diagnosis between pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumors and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors based on contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging features
Authors: Zhang Qi , Qiu Yi-Jie , Yang Dao-Hui , Lu Xiu-Yun , Chen Sheng , Dong Yi , Wang Wen-Ping
Published: September 2023

PURPOSES: To evaluate the application of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in preoperatively differential diagnosis between pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by Institutional Review Board. Patients with surgical resection and histopathological diagnosis as SPTs and pNETs were included. All patients underwent B mode ultrasound (BMUS) and CEUS examinations within one week before surgical operation. On BMUS, the size, location, echogenicity, calcification, and margin of lesions were observed and recorded. On CEUS imaging, enhancement patterns, and enhancement degrees were recorded and analyzed. An independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between continuous variables. Chi-square test was used to compare the CEUS patterns. RESULTS: From February 2017 to Dec 2022, patients diagnosed as SPTs (n = 39) and pNETs (n = 48) were retrospectively included. On BMUS, anechoic cystic changes (19/39, 48.72%) and hyperechoic calcification (14/39, 35.90%) are more commonly detected in SPTs (P = 0.000). On CEUS imaging, the majority of SPTs (27/39, 69.23%) showed hypo-enhancement in the arterial phase, while most of the pNETs (36/48, 75.00%) showed hyper- or iso-enhancement in the arterial phase (P = 0.000). In the venous phase, most of the SPTs (32/39, 82.05%) showed hypo-enhancement, while over half of pNETs (29/48, 60.42%) showed hyper- or iso-enhancement compared to pancreatic parenchyma (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CEUS is a valuable and non-invasive imaging method to make preoperatively differential diagnoses between SPTs and pNETs.
mpMRI-targeted biopsy of the prostate in men ≥ 75 years. 7-year report from a high-volume referral center
Authors: Chaloupka Michael , Pyrgidis Nikolaos , Ebner Benedikt , Pfitzinger Paulo L. , Volz Yannic , Berg Elena , Enzinger Benazir , Atzler Michael , Ivanova Troya , Pfitzinger Paulo L. , Stief Christian G. , Apfelbeck Maria , Clevert Dirk-André
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) –Ultrasound- fusion guided biopsy of the prostate (FBx) is the new gold standard for the detection of prostate cancer. Hallmark studies showing superior detection rates of FBx over randomized biopsies routinely excluded patients≥75 years and information on outcome of FBx on this patient cohort is sparse. As a large referral center, we have performed FBx on a substantial number of patients this age. By evaluating outcome of FBx of patients over the age of 75 years we wanted to close the gap of knowledge on this patient cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2015 –2022, 1577 patients underwent FBx at our department and were considered for analysis. Clinical and histopathological parameters were recorded. Clinical data comprised age at FBx, serum level of Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, PSA-density, history of previous biopsies of the prostate, result of the digital rectal examination (DRE) and assessment of the indexlesion of mpMRI according to the Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS). Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify age barrier of 75 years as a potential risk factor of detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by FBx. RESULTS: 379/1577 patients (24%) were≥75 years and 1198/1577 (76%) patients were < 75 years, respectively. Preoperative PSA was significantly higher in patients≥75 years compared to patients < 75 years (9.54 vs. 7.8, p < 0.001). Patients≥75 years presented significantly more often with mpMRI target lesions classified as PI-RADS 5 compared to patients < 75 years (45% vs. 29%, p < 0.001). Detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer was significantly higher in patients≥75 years compared to patients < 75 years (63% vs. 43%, p < 0.001). Aggressive prostate cancer grade ISUP 5 was significantly more often detected in patients≥75 years compared to patients < 75 years (13% vs. 8%, p = 0.03). On multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for PSA and PI-RADS score, age barrier of 75 years was identified as a significant risk factor for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by FBx (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.36 –2.31, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: After evaluation of a large patient cohort, we show that age≥75 years represents a significant risk factor for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Further studies on mid- and long term outcome are necessary to draw conclusions for clinical decision making in this patient cohort.
Handwriting Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fernandes Carina Pereira , Montalvo Gemma , Caligiuri Michael , Pertsinakis Michael , Guimarães Joana
Published: September 2023

Background:

Handwriting is a complex process involving fine motor skills, kinesthetic components, and several cognitive domains, often impaired by Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

Provide a systematic review of handwriting changes in AD, highlighting the effects on motor, visuospatial and linguistic features, and to identify new research topics.

Methods:

A search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies on AD and handwriting. The review followed PRISMA norms and analyzed 91 articles after screening and final selection.

Results:

Handwriting is impaired at all levels of the motor-cognitive hierarchy in AD, particularly in text, with higher preservation of signatures. Visuospatial and linguistic features were more affected. Established findings for motor features included higher variability in AD signatures, higher in-air/on-surface time ratio and longer duration in text, longer start time/reaction time, and lower fluency. There were conflicting findings for pressure and velocity in motor features, as well as size, legibility, and pen lifts in general features. For linguistic features, findings were contradictory for error patterns, as well as the association between agraphia and severity of cognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

Further re-evaluation studies are needed to clarify the divergent results on motor, general, and linguistic features. There is also a lack of research on the influence of AD on signatures and the effect of AD variants on handwriting. Such research would have an impact on clinical management (e.g., for early detection and patient follow-up using handwriting tasks), or forensic examination aimed at signatory identification.
Acculturation in Context and Brain Health in Older Latino Adults: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Fleischman Debra A. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Zhang Shengwei , Leurgans Sue E. , Barnes Lisa L. , Bennett David A. , Marquez David X. , Lamar Melissa
Published: September 2023

Background: Latinos are at higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease than non-Latino Whites. Acculturation factors may influence this risk, yet there are few studies that have examined associations of acculturation, particularly in the context of socioenvironmental and familial factors, and brain health in older Latinos. Objective: To examine potential associations between acculturation in context and brain health in older Latinos. Methods: Using three previously established composites of acculturation-in-context, (acculturation-related: nativity status, language preference, acculturation scores; contextually-related socioenvironmental: perceived discrimination, loneliness/social isolation, social network size; and familism), and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), associations with white matter structural integrity were examined in 92 Latino adults without dementia participating in one of three epidemiological studies of aging. Linear regression models were used to test associations with DTI-derived metrics (fractional anisotropy, FA; trace) as separate outcomes and acculturation composite scores as individual predictors, while adjusting for age, sex, education, scanner, and white matter hyperintensities (voxelwise and total volumes normalized by intracranial volume). Results: Higher scores on the socioenvironmental composite were associated with lower FA in two clusters of left-hemisphere connections. Cluster 1 was dominated by both short association pathways connecting frontal regions and projection pathways connecting frontal regions with the thalamus. Cluster 2 was dominated by long association pathways connecting parietal, frontal, and temporal regions. Conclusions: This study of older Latino adults demonstrated an association between reduced brain white matter integrity and contextually related socioenvironmental experiences known to increase risk of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease.
Robust, revocable, forward and backward adaptively secure attribute-based encryption with outsourced decryption1
Authors: Bkakria Anis
Published: September 2023

Attribute based encryption (ABE) is a cryptographic technique allowing fine-grained access control by enabling one-to-many encryption. Existing ABE constructions suffer from at least one of the following limitations. First, single point of failure on security meaning that, once an authority is compromised, an adversary can either easily break the confidentiality of the encrypted data or effortlessly prevent legitimate users from accessing data; second, the lack of user and/or attribute revocation mechanism achieving forward and backward secrecy; third, a heavy computation workload is placed on data user; last but not least, the lack of adaptive security in standard models. In this paper, we propose the first single-point-of-failure free multi-authority ciphertext-policy ABE that simultaneously (1) ensures robustness for both decryption key issuing and access revocation while achieving both backward and forward secrecy; (2) enables outsourced decryption to reduce the decryption overhead for data users that have limited computational resources; and (3) achieves adaptive (full) security in standard models. The provided theoretical complexity comparison as well as the conducted experiments show that our construction introduces linear storage and computation overheads that occurs only once during its setup phase, which we believe to be a reasonable price to pay to achieve all previous features.
Oculomotor Abnormalities in a Sheep (Ovis aries) Model of Huntington’s Disease: Towards a Biomarker for Assessing Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: McBride Sebastian D. , Ober Jan , Dylak Jacek , Schneider William , Morton A. Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by a loss of control of motor function that causes the presence of abnormal eye movements at early stages. Objective: To determine if, compared to normal sheep, HD sheep have abnormal eye movements. Methods: We measured eye movements in a transgenic sheep (Ovis aries) model of HD using a purpose-built, head-mounted sheep oculometer. This allows us to measure saccades without the need for either behavioral training or head fixation. At the age of testing (6 years old), the HD sheep were pre-manifest. We used 21 sheep (11 HD, 10 normal). Results: We found small but significant differences in eye movements between normal (control) and HD sheep during vestibular ocular reflex (VOR)- and vestibular post-rotational nystagmus (PRN)-based tests. Conclusions: Two measures were identified that could distinguish normal from HD sheep; the number of PRN oscillations when tested in the dark and the gain (eye movement to head movement ratio) during the VOR when tested in the light. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which eye movements have been quantified in sheep. It demonstrates the feasibility of measuring and quantifying human-relevant eye movements in this species. The HD-relevant deficits show that even in ‘premanifest’ sheep there are measurable signs of neurological dysfunction that are characterized by loss of control of eye movements.
A shrinking synchronization clustering algorithm based on a linear weighted Vicsek model
Authors: Chen Xinquan , Ma Jianbo , Qiu Yirou , Liu Sanming , Xu Xiaofeng , Bao Xianglin
Published: September 2023

The purpose of clustering is to identify distributions and patterns within unlabelled datasets. Since the proposal of the original synchronization clustering (SynC) algorithm in 2010, synchronization clustering has become a significant research direction. This paper proposes a shrinking synchronization clustering (SSynC) algorithm utilizing a linear weighted Vicsek model. SSynC algorithm is developed from SynC algorithm and a more effective synchronization clustering (ESynC) algorithm. Through analysis and comparison, we find that SSynC algorithm demonstrates superior synchronization effect compared to SynC algorithm, which is based on an extensive Kuramoto model. Additionally, it exhibits similar effect to ESynC algorithm, based on a linear version of Vicsek model. In the simulations, a comparison is conducted between several synchronization clustering algorithms and classical clustering algorithms. Through experiments using some artificial datasets, eight real datasets and three picture datasets, we observe that compared to SynC algorithm, SSynC algorithm not only achieves a better local synchronization effect but also requires fewer iterations and incurs lower time costs. Furthermore, when compared to ESynC algorithm, SSynC algorithm obtains reduced time costs while achieving nearly the same local synchronization effect and the same number of iterations. Extensive comparison experiments with some class clustering algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of SSynC algorithm.
Exploiting drone images for forest fire detection using metaheuristics with deep learning model
Authors: Rajalakshmi S. , Sellam V. , Kannan N. , Saranya S.
Published: September 2023

Forest fires are a global natural calamity causing significant economic damage and loss of lives. Professionals forecast that forest fires would raise in the future because of climate change. Early prediction and identification of fire spread would enhance firefighting and reduce affected zones. Several systems have been advanced to detect fire. Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be used for forest fire detection due to their ability, high flexibility, and inexpensive to cover vast areas. But still, they are limited by difficulties like image degradation, small fire size, and background complexity. This study develops an automated Forest Fire Detection using Metaheuristics with Deep Learning (FFDMDL-DI) model. The presented FFDMDL-DI technique exploits the DL concepts on drone images to identify the occurrence of fire. To accomplish this, the FFDMDL-DI technique makes use of the Capsule Network (CapNet) model for feature extraction purposes with a biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm-based hyperparameter optimizer. For accurate forest fire detection, the FFDMDL-DI technique uses a unified deep neural network (DNN) model. Finally, the tree growth optimization (TGO) technique is utilized for the parameter adjustment of the DNN method. To depict the enhanced detection efficiency of the FFDMDL-DI approach, a series of simulations were performed on the FLAME dataset, comprising 6000 samples. The experimental results stated the improvements in the FFDMDL-DI method over other DL models with maximum accuracy of 99.76%.
A new bearing fault diagnosis method based on improved weighted multi-scale morphological filter and multi-headed self-attention capsule restricted boltzmann network
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Li Changxian , Cui Yunxian , Song Xudong
Published: September 2023

Intelligent bearing fault diagnosis plays an important role in improving equipment safety and reducing equipment maintenance costs. Noise in the signal can seriously reduce the accuracy of fault diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis, a novel noise reduction method based on weighted multi-scale morphological filter (WMMF) is proposed. Firstly, Teager energy operator (TEO) is used to amplify the morphological information of the signal. Then, a scale filtering operator using envelope entropy (SFOEE) is proposed to select appropriate scales. At these scales, the noise in the signal can be adequately suppressed. A new weighting method is proposed to integrate the selected scales to construct the WMMF. Finally, multi-headed self-attention capsule restricted boltzmann network (MSCRBN) is proposed to diagnose bearing faults.The performance of the TEO-SFOEE-WMMF-MSCRBN fault diagnosis method is verified on the CWRU dataset. Compared with existing fault diagnosis methods, this approach achieves 100% identification accuracy. The experimental results indicate that the proposed diagnosis method can effectively resist noise and precisely diagnose bearing faults.
Algorithm and simulation study of oil painting classification based on visual perception and improved embedded learning
Authors: Bai Shi , Li Pujie
Published: September 2023

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of oil painting classification and simulation using an improved embedded learning fusion vision perception algorithm. This paper analyzes and models the image quality evaluation problem by simulating the human visual system and extracting quality perception features as the main entry point to improve the prediction accuracy of the overall algorithm. This paper proposes a multi-classification method of CCNN, which uses the similarity measure based on information first to achieve multi-classification of artwork styles and artists, and this part is the main part of this paper. This paper uses the wiki art repository to construct a dataset of oil paintings, including over 2000 works by 20 artists in 13 styles. CNN achieves an accuracy of 85.75% on the artist classification task, which is far more effective than traditional deep learning networks such as Resnet. Finally, we use the network model of this paper and other network models to train the classification of 3, 4, and 6 categories of art images. The accuracy of art image classification by this paper’s algorithm is higher than that of the current mainstream convolutional neural network models, and the extracted features are more comprehensive and more accurate than traditional art image feature extraction methods, which do not rely on researchers to extract image features. Experiments show that the proposed method can achieve excellent prediction accuracy for both synthetic distorted images and distorted images.
Physician distress: Where are we and what can be done
Authors: Brandenburg Joline E. , Schultz Billie A. , Prideaux Cara C. , Driscoll Sherilyn W.
Published: September 2023

Depression, suicidal ideation, burnout, and moral injury are on the rise among physicians. Depression and suicidal ideation are mental health disorders that result from multiple interacting factors including biological vulnerabilities and acute stressors. Medical treatment for depression and suicidal ideation is critical to interrupt the potentially deadly progression to suicide that occurs when one’s ability to find hope and other solutions is clouded by despair. Yet, stigma and perceived stigma of seeking treatment for mental health disorders still plagues medical providers. Transitions during medical training and practice can be particularly vulnerable time periods, though newer evidence suggests that overall, physicians are not at an increased risk of suicide compared to the general population. While burnout and moral injury are common among rehabilitation physicians, unlike depression, they are not directly associated with suicidal ideation. Opportunities for continued improvement in mental health resources and institutional support exist across the spectrum from medical student to staff physician. With wellness now increasingly supported and promoted by various medical organizations and recognition of the importance of access to effective mental health treatment, regaining hope and positivity while restoring resiliency in physicians, trainees, and medical students is possible.
New kid on the block: Artificial intelligence just moved into town
Authors: Osterwald Ariane C. , Tsinberg Julia , Sukhov Renat R.
Published: September 2023

This article describes the experience of a resident physician on the burnout-prone demands of postgraduate training during rapidly evolving integration of technology including artificial intelligence.
Managing burnout with lifestyle medicine principles
Authors: Srinivasan Rajashree
Published: September 2023

Burnout in health professionals gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. There have been numerous strategies in addressing this issue proving there is no one silver bullet to mitigate it. We need to find solutions for our health and for the benefit of patients to provide best care. Lifestyle medicine strategies have been proven to be beneficial in the management of Burnout.
odML-Tables as a Metadata Standard in Microneurography
Authors: Troglio Alina , Nickerson Aidan , Schlebusch Fabian , Röhrig Rainer , Dunham James , Namer Barbara , Kutafina Ekaterina
Published: September 2023

Metadata is essential for handling medical data according to FAIR principles. Standards are well-established for many types of electrophysiological methods but are still lacking for microneurographic recordings of peripheral sensory nerve fibers in humans. Developing a new concept to enhance laboratory workflows is a complex process. We propose a standard for structuring and storing microneurography metadata based on odML and odML-tables. Further, we present an extension to the odML-tables GUI that enables user-friendly search functionality of the database. With our open-source repository, we encourage other microneurography labs to incorporate odML-based metadata into their experimental routines.
Reusing Biomedical Data as Agreed – Towards Structured Metadata for Data Use Agreements
Authors: Bönisch Caroline , Hanß Sabine , Spicher Nicolai , Sax Ulrich , Krefting Dagmar
Published: September 2023

Introduction: With increasing availability of reusable biomedical data – from cohort studies to clinical routine data, data re-users face the problem to manage transferred data according to the heterogeneous data use agreements. While structured metadata is addressed in many contexts including informed consent, contracts are to date still unstructured text documents. In particular within collaborative and active working groups the actual usage agreement’s regulations are highly relevant for the daily practice – can I share the data with colleagues from the same university or the same research network, can they be stored on a PHD student’s laptop, can I store the data for further approved data usage requests? Methods: In this article, we inspect and review seven different data usage agreements. We focus on digital data that is copied and transferred to the requester’s environment. Results: We identified 24 metadata items in the four main categories data usage, storage, and sharing, as well as publication of results. Discussion: While the topics are largely overlap in the data use agreements, the actual regulations of the topics are diverse. Although we do not explicitly investigate trusted research environments, where data is offered within an analytics platform, we consider them a as subgroup, where most of the practical questions from the data scientist’s perspective also arise. Conclusion: With a limited set of structured metadata items, data scientists could have information about the data use agreement at hand along with the transferred data in an easily accessible way.
Adaptability of Existing Feasibility Tools for Clinical Study Research Data Platforms
Authors: Witte Marie-Louise , Schoneberg Anne , Hanss Sabine , Lablans Martin , Vehreschild Janne , Krefting Dagmar
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The increasing need for secondary use of clinical study data requires FAIR infrastructures, i.e. provide findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable data. It is crucial for data scientists to assess the number and distribution of cohorts that meet complex combinations of criteria defined by the research question. This so-called feasibility test is increasingly offered as a self-service, where scientists can filter the available data according to specific parameters. Early feasibility tools have been developed for biosamples or image collections. They are of high interest for clinical study platforms that federate multiple studies and data types, but they pose specific requirements on the integration of data sources and data protection. Methods: Mandatory and desired requirements for such tools were acquired from two user groups — primary users and staff managing a platform’s transfer office. Open Source feasibility tools were sought by different literature search strategies and evaluated on their adaptability to the requirements. Results: We identified seven feasibility tools that we evaluated based on six mandatory properties. Discussion: We determined five feasibility tools to be most promising candidates for adaption to a clinical study research data platform, the Clinical Communication Platform, the German Portal for Medical Research Data, the Feasibility Explorer, Medical Controlling, and the Sample Locator.
Onkopipe: A Snakemake Based DNA-Sequencing Pipeline for Clinical Variant Analysis in Precision Medicine
Authors: Yang Jingyu , Beißbarth Tim , Dönitz Jürgen
Published: September 2023

NGS is increasingly used in precision medicine, but an automated sequencing pipeline that can detect different types of variants (single nucleotide - SNV, copy number - CNV, structural - SV) and does not rely on normal samples as germline comparison is needed. To address this, we developed Onkopipe, a Snakemake-based pipeline that integrates quality control, read alignments, BAM pre-processing, and variant calling tools to detect SNV, CNV, and SV in a unified VCF format without matched normal samples. Onkopipe is containerized and provides features such as reproducibility, parallelization, and easy customization, enabling the analysis of genomic data in precision medicine. Our validation and evaluation demonstrate high accuracy and concordance, making Onkopipe a valuable open-source resource for molecular tumor boards. Onkopipe is being shared as an open source project and is available at https://gitlab.gwdg.de/MedBioinf/mtb/onkopipe.
Usability Analysis of a Medication Visualization Tool for Decision Support
Authors: Schmidtchen Leon , Villis Marten , Christoph Jan , Rödle Wolfgang
Published: September 2023

Background: In Germany, patients are entitled to a medication plan. While the overview is useful, it does not contain explicit information on various potential adverse drug events (ADEs). Therefore, physicians must continue to seek information from various sources to ensure medication safety. Objective: In this project a first functional prototype of a medication therapy tool was developed that focuses on visualizing and highlighting potential ADEs. A usability analysis about the tool’s functionality, design and usability was conducted. Methods: A web application tool was developed using the MMI Pharmindex as database. ADEs are color coded and can be displayed in three different ways – as a list, a table, or a graph. To test the tool, an online survey was conducted amongst healthcare professionals (n = 9). The test included two real medication plans to check ADEs through the tool. Results: The survey results indicated that the web tool was clear and self-explanatory. It scored overall “good” (score: 76.5) on the System Usability Scale questionnaire. Due to the free-text information of the database used, there were some inconsistencies in the visualized ADEs. Conclusion: There is a demand for a visualization tool for medications. The high quality of the database is crucial in order to correctly visualize all necessary information, such as drug-drug interactions and inclusion of patient data. This is essential to provide a trustworthy tool for medical professionals.