bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinin B1 Receptor Promotes Neurogenic Hypertension Through Activation of Centrally Mediated Mechanisms
Authors: Sriramula Srinivas , Lazartigues Eric
Published: October 2017

Hypertension is associated with increased activity of the kallikrein–kinin system. Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) activation leads to vasoconstriction and inflammation. Despite evidence supporting a role for the B1R in blood pressure regulation, the mechanisms by which B1R could alter autonomic function and participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension remain unidentified. We sought to explore whether B1R-mediated inflammation contributes to hypertension and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of B1R in the brain is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, using the deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt model of neurogenic hypertension in wild-type and B1R knockout mice. Deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt treatment in wild-type mice led to significant increases in B1R mRNA and protein levels and bradykinin levels, enhanced gene expression of carboxypeptidase N supporting an increase in the B1R ligand, associated with enhanced blood pressure, inflammation, sympathoexcitation, autonomic dysfunction, and impaired baroreflex sensitivity, whereas these changes were blunted or prevented in B1R knockout mice. B1R stimulation was further shown to involve activation of the ASK1-JNK-ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways in the brain. To dismiss potential developmental alterations in knockout mice, we further used B1R blockade selectively in the brain of wild-type mice. Supporting the central origin of this mechanism, intracerebroventricular infusion of a specific B1R antagonist, attenuated the deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt–induced increase in blood pressure in wild-type mice. Our data provide the first evidence of a central role for B1R-mediated inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt hypertension and offer novel insights into possible B1R-targeted therapies for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension.
Spatially Selective Alpha Oscillations Reveal Moment-by-Moment Trade-offs between Working Memory and Attention
Authors: van Moorselaar Dirk , Foster Joshua J. , Sutterer David W. , Theeuwes Jan , Olivers Christian N. L. , Awh Edward
Published: October 2017

Current theories assume a functional role for covert attention in the maintenance of spatial information in working memory. Consistent with this view, both the locus of attention and positions stored in working memory can be decoded based on the topography of oscillatory alpha-band (8–12 Hz) activity on the scalp. Thus far, however, alpha modulation has been studied in isolation for covert attention and working memory tasks. Here, we applied an inverted spatial encoding model in combination with EEG to study the temporal dynamics of spatially specific alpha activity during a task that required observers to visually select a target location while maintaining another independently varying location in working memory. During the memory delay period, alpha-based spatial tuning functions shifted from the position stored in working memory to the covertly attended position and back again after the attention task was completed. The findings provide further evidence for a common oscillatory mechanism in both the selection and the maintenance of relevant spatial visual information and demonstrate the dynamic trade-off in prioritization between two spatial tasks.
Predicting Text Legibility over Textured Digital Backgrounds for a Monocular Optical See-Through Display
Authors: Manghisi Vito Modesto , Gattullo Michele , Fiorentino Michele , Uva Antonio Emmanuele , Marino Francescomaria , Bevilacqua Vitoantonio , Monno Giuseppe
Published: October 2017

Text legibility in augmented reality with optical see-through displays can be challenging due to the interaction with the texture on the background. Literature presents several approaches to predict legibility of text superimposed over a specific image, but their validation with an AR display and with images taken from the industrial domain is scarce. In this work, we propose novel indices extracted from the background images, displayed on an LCD screen, and we compare them with those proposed in literature designing a specific user test. We collected the legibility user ratings by displaying white text over 13 industrial background images to 19 subjects using an optical see-through head-worn display. We found that most of the proposed indices have a significant correlation with user ratings. The main result of this work is that some of the novel indices proposed had a better correlation than those used before in the literature to predict legibility. Our results prove that industrial AR developers can effectively predict text legibility by simply running image analysis on the background image.
A revision of the subgenus Osmia (Diceratosmia), with descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)
Authors: GRISWOLD TERRY , RIGHTMYER MOLLY G.
Published: October 2017

The eleven species of the North American subgenus Osmia (Diceratomsia) are revised, four of which are new: Osmia (Diceratosmia) exquisita, n. sp., from Honduras; Osmia (Diceratomia) gonzalezi, n. sp., and Osmia (Diceratomia) spinulifera, n. sp., from Mexico; and Osmia (Diceratomsia) lacunosa, n. sp., from the Bahamas. Diagnoses for the remaining seven species and a key to the males and females of all species are provided. We newly designate a neotype for Osmia botitena Cockerell, junior synonym of Osmia subfasciata Cresson, and remove from synonymy Osmia marilaunidii Cockerell, new status. In addition, we review the known nesting biology, floral hosts, and geographic range of each species.
Updates on information about free-living marine nematodes in Brazil: new records and comments on problems in taxonomic studies
Authors: VENEKEY VIRÁG
Published: October 2017

New records of nematode species in Brazil, which appeared after or were not mentioned in the last review, are shown in this paper. All environments were considered, including the continental margin. In addition, all studies on marine nematodes in Brazil, including grey literature, ecological papers and book chapters, are listed. Furthermore, information on genera/species richness, dominant genera, and densities is also presented. A total of 11 orders, 72 families, 372 genera, and 450 species of nematodes were recorded in Brazilian marine environments by April 2017. Following problems are discussed: taxonomic lists available only in grey literature, use of outdated identification keys (leading to incorrect identifications), and identifications mostly to putative species or to the genus level.
Coastal Wind and Turbulence Observations during the Morning and Evening Transitions over Tropical Terrain
Authors: Jensen Derek D. , Price Timothy A. , Nadeau Daniel F. , Kingston Jacob , Pardyjak Eric R.
Published: October 2017

Data collected during a multiyear, wind-resource assessment over a multi-land-use coastal environment in Belize are used to study the development and decay of wind and turbulence through the morning and evening transitions. Observations were made on three tall masts, forming an inland transect of approximately 5 km. The wind distribution is found to be bimodal and governed by synoptic scales, with onshore and offshore flow regimes. The behavior between the coastal and inland sites is found to be very similar when the flow is directed offshore; for onshore flow, stark differences occur. The mean wind speed at the coastal site is approximately 20% greater than the most inland site and is nearly constant throughout the diurnal cycle. For both flow regimes, the influence of the land–sea breeze circulation is inconsequential relative to the large-scale synoptic forcing. Composite time series are used to study the evolution of sensible heat flux and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) throughout the morning and evening transitions. The TKE budget reveals that at the coastal site mechanical production of TKE is much more important than buoyant production. This allows for the unexpected case in which TKE increases through the ET despite the decrease of buoyant TKE production. Multiresolution flux decomposition is used to further study this phenomenon as well as the evolution of the sensible heat flux at differing time scales. An idealized schematic is presented to illustrate the timing and structure of the morning and evening transitions for an inland site and a coastal site that are subjected to similar synoptic forcing.
Enhanced Bottom-of-the-Atmosphere Cooling and Atmosphere Heating Efficiency by Mixed-Type Aerosols: A Classification Based on Aerosol Nonsphericity
Authors: Tian Pengfei , Zhang Lei , Cao Xianjie , Sun Naixiu , Mo Xinyue , Liang Jiening , Li Xuetao , Gao Xingai , Zhang Beidou , Wang Hongbin
Published: October 2017

The current understanding of the climate effects of mixed-type aerosols is an open question. The optical and radiative properties of the anthropogenic, mixed-type, and dust aerosols were studied using simultaneous observations of a sun photometer and a depolarization lidar over the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL), northwestern China. The aerosol radiative effect was calculated using the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model and was in good agreement with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) product. The anthropogenic, mixed-type, and dust aerosols were identified mainly based on the lidar-measured depolarization ratio, which was supported by the airmass back trajectories. The mixed-type aerosols exhibit lower (higher) extinctions below (above) 1.5 km above the ground, indicating anthropogenic pollution from the atmospheric boundary layer and dust aerosols above. The dust aerosols exhibit the highest absolute radiative effect because of the highest aerosol loading. However, the mixed-type aerosols are effective in both scattering and absorbing solar radiation, leading to the highest cooling efficiency at the bottom of the atmosphere (BOA), 7.4% and 6.5% higher than those of the anthropogenic and dust aerosols, respectively. The mixed-type aerosols exhibit the highest warming efficiency in the atmosphere (ATM), 20.8% and 28.2% higher than the anthropogenic and dust aerosols, respectively. The mixed-type aerosols also show the lowest cooling efficiency at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The results suggest the necessity of carefully characterizing the mixed-type aerosols in atmospheric numerical models to more precisely assess the energy budget of the Earth–atmosphere system.
Turbulent Flow over Steep Steady and Unsteady Waves under Strong Wind Forcing
Authors: Sullivan Peter P. , Banner Michael L. , Morison Russel P. , Peirson William L.
Published: October 2017

Turbulent flow over strongly forced steep steady and unsteady waves is simulated using large-eddy simulation (LES) with timetand spacexvarying wave heighth(x,t) imposed as a lower boundary condition. With steady waves,h(x,t) is based on measurements of incipient and active breaking waves collected in a wind-wave flume, while a numerical wave code is used to generate an unsteady evolving wave packet (group). Highly intermittent airflow separation is found in the simulations, and the results suggest separation near a wave crest occurs prior to the onset of wave breaking. The form (pressure) drag is most sensitive to the wave slope, and the form drag can contribute as much as 74% to the total stress. Wind and scalar profiles from the LES display log-linear variations above the wave surface; the LES wind profiles are in good agreement with the measurements. The momentum roughness increases as the water surface changes from wind ripples to incipient breaking to active breaking. However, the scalar roughness decreases as the wave surface becomes rougher. This highlights major differences in momentum and scalar transport over a rough wavy surface. For a rapidly evolving, strongly forced wave group, the form drag is highly correlated with the wave slope, and intermittent separation is found early in the packet evolution when the local wave slope −∂h/∂x(x,t) ≥ 0.22. The packet root-mean-square wave slope is 0.084, but the form drag fraction is 2.4 times larger than a comparably forced steady wave. Thus, a passing wave group can induce unsteadiness in the wind stress.
Use of an End-to-End-Simulator to Analyze CYGNSS
Authors: Hoover Kacie E. , Mecikalski John R. , Lang Timothy J. , Li Xuanli , Castillo Tyler J. , Chronis Themis
Published: October 2017

Tropical convection during the onset of two Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events, in October and December of 2011, was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Observations from the Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) field campaign were assimilated into the WRF Model for an improved simulation of the mesoscale features of tropical convection. The WRF simulations with the assimilation of DYNAMO data produced realistic representations of mesoscale convection related to westerly wind bursts (WWBs) as well as downdraft-induced gust fronts. An end-to-end simulator (E2ES) for the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission was then applied to the WRF dataset, producing simulated CYGNSS near-surface wind speed data. The results indicated that CYGNSS could detect mesoscale wind features such as WWBs and gust fronts even in the presence of simulated heavy precipitation. This study has two primary conclusions as a consequence: 1) satellite simulators could be used to examine a mission’s capabilities for accomplishing secondary tasks and 2) CYGNSS likely will provide benefits to future tropical oceanic field campaigns that should be considered during their planning processes.
Ruptured space and spatial estrangement: (Un)making of public space in Kathmandu
Authors: Sengupta Urmi
Published: October 2017

Public space is increasingly recognised to be central to spatial discourse of cities. A city’s urbanism is displayed in public spaces, representing a myriad of complex socio-cultural, economic and democratic practices of everyday life. In cities of the Global South, especially those with nascent democracies, different values attached to a space by various actors – both material and symbolic – frame the contestation, making the physical space a normative instrument for contestation. Tundikhel, once believed to be the largest open space in Asia, is an important part of Kathmandu’s urbanism, which has witnessed two civil wars popularly known as Jana Andolans, and the subsequent political upheavals, to emerge as the symbolic meeting point of the city, democracy, and its people. The paper argues that the confluence of the three modalities of power – institutionalisation, militarisation and informalisation – has underpinned its historical transformation, resulting in what I call ‘urban rupturing’: a process of (un)making of public space, through physical and symbolic fragmentation and spatial estrangement. The paper contends that unlike the common notion that public spaces such as Tundikhel are quintessentially public, hypocrisy is inherent to the ‘publicness’ agenda of the state and the institutional machinery in Kathmandu. It is an urban condition that not only maligns the public space agenda but also creeps into other spheres of urban development.
Drink what you can pay for: Financing infrastructure in a fragmented water system
Authors: Scott Tyler A , Moldogaziev Tima , Greer Robert A
Published: October 2017

The article investigates the relationship between environmental violations and water utility infrastructure investment in the Houston metropolitan area through a lens of institutional fragmentation. Special purpose water districts are highly capital-intensive service jurisdictions, which makes them extremely dependent on local fiscal capacity. Fiscal capacity is also important for a water district’s ability to respond to performance failures, particularly regulatory violations. Resource base, however, is unevenly distributed between special purpose water districts in the highly fragmented Houston metro area. Therefore, while capital investments may significantly covary with fiscal capacity, not all water districts are expected to be capable of making needed infrastructure investment when problems arise. There are two major policy-relevant findings that we offer in the article. Institutional fragmentation in relatively more affluent areas does not impede the ability to invest in capital infrastructure related to both service pressures and regulatory violations. However, such ability is limited in relatively less affluent areas, where the fiscal capacity to respond to service delivery problems is limited.
The Use of Language in Diabetes Care and Education
Authors: Dickinson Jane K. , Guzman Susan J. , Maryniuk Melinda D. , O’Brian Catherine A. , Kadohiro Jane K. , Jackson Richard A. , D’Hondt Nancy , Montgomery Brenda , Close Kelly L. , Funnell Martha M.
Published: October 2017

Language is powerful and can have a strong impact on perceptions as well as behavior. A task force, consisting of representatives from the American Association of Diabetes Educators and the American Diabetes Association, convened to discuss language in diabetes care and education. The literature supports the need for a language movement in diabetes care and education. There are effective ways of communicating about diabetes. This article provides recommendations for language used by health care professionals and others when discussing diabetes through spoken or written words, whether directed to people with diabetes, colleagues, or the general public, as well as research questions related to language and diabetes.
Managing Resource Allocation: Personal Reflections From a Managerial Perspective
Authors: Bower Joseph L.
Published: October 2017

The problem of resource allocation is central to economics. It is also central to the strategic management of companies. Despite considerable research by management scholars describing the process in firms first carried out in the 1960s and continuing since then, management theory of the process remains wedded to a financial model of capital budgeting that poorly fits the problem facing companies. Consulting firms stepped into the gap with models of business portfolios that helped frame the resource allocation choices among business units. But over time, changes in the capital markets, in the flows of technology, and in the patterns of global competition have meant that the dilemmas facing company managements are far more complex than the models and concepts academic researchers use to describe them. This may well be because the forces that must be taken into account are cognitive, organizational, and interpersonal as well as economic and thus cross the lines of academic disciplines, while the time horizon of these problems exceeds the scope of a typical academic research project. There is important research to be done.
Top Management Team Structure and Resource Reallocation Within the Multibusiness Firm
Authors: Vieregger Carl , Larson Eric C. , Anderson Phillip C.
Published: October 2017

Drawing on the classic concepts of integration and differentiation from contingency theory, we analyze the impact of influential business unit (BU) executives on the capital resource allocation decisions of the multibusiness firm. Capital resource allocation is one of the most important tasks of the top management team (TMT), yet management scholars have yet to explore the fundamental link between TMT structure and resource reallocation decisions. We hypothesize that greater BU influence within the firm’s TMT drives greater reallocation because BU executives are positioned to focus on organizational elements related to differentiation. We also hypothesize contextual factors, based on the multidimensional nature of managerial influence, which act to limit the effect of BU influence. To support this analysis, we develop two unique measures: The first captures the degree of capital reallocation from year to year within the multibusiness firm, and the second measures the relative influence of BU executives. An empirical analysis on the sample of Fortune 1000 firms confirms that BU influence is associated with capital reallocation and that BU influence is moderated by research and development (R&D) intensity and unrelated diversification.
Timing for Dollars: How Option Exercisability Influences Resource Allocation
Authors: Souder David , Bromiley Philip
Published: October 2017

Stock options have been advocated to encourage managers to make long-run investments like R&D and capital expenditures (CAPX) that entail upfront costs with the potential to generate favorable long-term returns. However, the effect of options on managerial decisions depends on managerial beliefs about how the stock market reacts to firm behavior. If, consistent with empirical evidence, managers believe that stock prices increase in the short term from increased R&D, but not CAPX, then stock option exercisability—which dictates when managers can receive option payouts—should influence resource allocation. We also consider the effect of changes in the value of options over time. Results from a study of more than 6,500 observations from about 1,000 manufacturing firms over 18 years show that unexercisable stock options positively influence CAPX but not R&D, while exercisable stock options positively influence R&D but not CAPX. Both patterns are consistent with behavior that increases managerial payoffs but not necessarily firm performance. In addition, we find an expected negative association between underwater options and CAPX but no evidence of a corresponding positive relation with R&D. Finally, we find partial evidence of a house money effect that makes allocations to CAPX and R&D sensitive to recent changes in option values.
Bringing a Resource and Capability Lens to Resource Allocation
Authors: Maritan Catherine A. , Lee Gwendolyn K.
Published: October 2017

This article highlights a perspective that has been underexplored in resource allocation research. By viewing resource allocation through a resource and capability lens, three connections are developed between resource-based theories of strategy and strategy research on resource allocation. First, the lens is applied to frame capital investments as investing in capabilities. This framing provides a theoretical path connecting the strategic purpose of investments, through value creation from resource commitments, to the creation of competitive advantage. Second, resource allocation for the purpose of capability development is related to a resource-based model of asset accumulation. Placing resource allocation decisions in the context of capability development suggests that key features of the asset accumulation process can usefully inform research on the resource allocation process. Last, corporate capital allocation is connected to resource redeployment in multibusiness firms. This connection explicates ways in which corporate headquarters can add to firm value. These connections illustrate the potential that resource-based theories have to contribute insights to resource allocation research.
Short‐term Subjective and Objective Outcomes of Patients Receiving Endoscopic Transcanal Myringoplasty for Repairing Tympanic Perforations
Authors: Tseng Chih‐Chieh , Lai Ming‐Tang , Wu Chia‐Che , Yuan Sheng‐Po , Ding Yi‐Fang
Published: October 2017

Objective

Endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty (ETM) has been an emerging technique for repairing tympanic perforations since the late 1990s. Objective outcomes (ie, graft success rates and hearing results) of patients who received ETM are well documented; however, subjective outcomes of these patients have rarely been reported. Hence, this study evaluated subjective and objective outcomes of patients who received ETM for repairing tympanic perforations.

Study Design

Prospective study.

Setting

Tertiary care university hospital.

Patients and Methods

Patients who underwent ETM for perforations of the tympanic membrane were included. We evaluated subjective variables of patients receiving ETM as the primary outcome and objective variables as the secondary outcome.

Results

In total, 91 ears that underwent ETM were included. The mean pain scale score was 0.1 (range, 0‐2) on postoperative day 3. The mean duration of pain medication was 2.0 (range, 0‐3) days. The mean number of days required to resume routine activities was 1.0 (range, 1‐2) days. The overall graft success was determined postoperatively at 3 months in 80 of 91 ears (87.9%). Closure of the air‐bone gap to within 20 dB was achieved in 79 (86.8%) ears.

Conclusion

In this study, patients who received ETM had mild postoperative pain and resumed routine activities early. These patients also exhibited favorable graft success rates and hearing results at 3 months postoperatively. On the basis of our results, we conclude that patients who receive ETM for the repair of tympanic perforations have favorable short‐term subjective and objective outcomes.
Impact of Resident Participation on Operative Time and Outcomes in Otologic Surgery
Authors: Muelleman Thomas , Shew Matthew , Muelleman Robert J. , Villwock Mark , Sykes Kevin J. , Staecker Hinrich , Lin James
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To describe the impact of resident involvement in tympanoplasty on operative time and surgical complication rates.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify patients in the 2011‐2014 public use files of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program who underwent a tympanoplasty or tympanomastoidectomy. Cases were included if the database indicated whether the operating room was staffed with an attending alone or an attending with residents. Categorical and continuous variables were compared with chi‐square, Fisher’s exact, and Mann‐Whitney U tests. Generalized linear models with a log‐link and gamma distribution were used to examine the factors affecting operative time.

Results

Overall, 1045 cases met our study criteria (tympanoplasty, n = 797; tympanomastoidectomy, n = 248). Resident involvement increased mean operative time for tympanoplasties by 46% (107 vs 73 minutes, P <. 001) and tympanomastoidectomies by 49% (175 vs 117 minutes, P <. 001). While controlling for confounding factors, the variable with the largest impact on operative time was resident involvement. There were no significant differences observed in the rate of surgical complications between attending‐alone and attending‐resident cases.

Conclusion

Resident involvement in tympanoplasty and tympanomastoidectomy did not affect the surgical complication rate. Resident involvement increased operative time for tympanoplasties and tympanomastoidectomies; however, the specific reasons for the increase are not explained by the available data.
Pre-season dietary intake of professional soccer players
Authors: Raizel Raquel , da Mata Godois Allan , Coqueiro Audrey Yule , Voltarelli Fabrício Azevedo , Fett Carlos Alexandre , Tirapegui Julio , de Paula Ravagnani Fabricio Cesar , de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani Christianne
Published: October 2017

Background:

Despite the well-documented importance of nutrition in optimizing performance and health, the dietary intake of soccer players has attracted little attention.

Aim:

We aimed to assess the pre-season dietary intake of professional soccer players and its adequacy in macro and micronutrients.

Methods:

The pre-season dietary intake of 19 male athletes was assessed using a semi-structured 3-day food record. To determine dietary adequacy and excess, energy and macronutrient intake were compared with the Brazilian dietary reference values for athletes, and micronutrients were compared with the Estimated Average Requirement – EAR (minimum recommendation) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level – UL (maximum recommendation).

Results:

Mean daily energy intake (40.74±12.81 kcal/kg) was adequate. However, there was a low carbohydrate intake (5.44±1.86 g/kg/day) and a high amount of protein and fat (1.91±0.75 and 1.27±0.50 g/kg/day, respectively). Sodium intake (3141.77±939.76 mg/day) was higher than UL (2300 mg/day), while the majority of players showed daily intake of vitamin A (74%), vitamin D (100%), folate (58%), calcium and magnesium (68%) below the EAR (625, 10 and 320 µg/day, 800 and 330 mg/day, respectively).

Conclusion:

The dietary intake of professional soccer players was adequate in energy, but inadequate in macro and micronutrients, which suggests the need to improve nutritional practices to sustain the physical demands of soccer during pre-season.
The antidepressant efficacy of subanesthetic-dose ketamine does not correlate with baseline subcortical volumes in a replication sample with major depressive disorder
Authors: Niciu Mark J , Iadarola Nicolas D , Banerjee Dipavo , Luckenbaugh David A , Park Minkyung , Lener Marc , Park Lawrence , Ionescu Dawn F , Ballard Elizabeth D , Brutsche Nancy E , Akula Nirmala , McMahon Francis J , Machado-Vieira Rodrigo , Nugent Allison C , Zarate Carlos A
Published: October 2017

Background:

This study sought to reproduce, in a larger sample, previous findings of a correlation between smaller raw 3-Tesla (3T) hippocampal volumes and improved antidepressant efficacy of ketamine in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). A secondary analysis stratified subjects according to functional BDNF rs6265 (val66met) genotype.

Methods:

Unmedicated subjects with treatment-resistant MDD ( n=55) underwent baseline structural 3T MRI. Data processing was conducted with FSL/FIRST and Freesurfer software. The amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus were selected a priori for analysis. All subjects received a single 0.5mg/kg × 40-minute ketamine infusion. Pearson correlations were performed with subcortical volumes and percent change in MADRS score (from baseline to 230 minutes, 1 day, and 1 week post-infusion).

Results:

Raw and corrected subcortical volumes did not correlate with antidepressant response at any timepoint. In val/val subjects ( n=23), corrected left and right thalamic volume positively correlated with antidepressant response to ketamine at 230 minutes post-infusion but did not reach statistical significance. In met carriers ( n=14), corrected left and right thalamic volume negatively correlated with antidepressant response to ketamine.

Conclusion:

Baseline subcortical volumes implicated in MDD did not correlate with ketamine’s antidepressant efficacy. Baseline thalamic volume and BDNF genotype may be a combinatorial rapid antidepressant response biomarker.
The relationships of classic psychedelic use with criminal behavior in the United States adult population
Authors: Hendricks Peter S , Crawford Michael Scott , Cropsey Karen L , Copes Heith , Sweat N Wiles , Walsh Zach , Pavela Gregory
Published: October 2017

Criminal behavior exacts a large toll on society and is resistant to intervention. Some evidence suggests classic psychedelics may inhibit criminal behavior, but the extent of these effects has not been comprehensively explored. In this study, we tested the relationships of classic psychedelic use and psilocybin use per se with criminal behavior among over 480,000 United States adult respondents pooled from the last 13 available years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002 through 2014) while controlling for numerous covariates. Lifetime classic psychedelic use was associated with a reduced odds of past year larceny/theft (aOR = 0.73 (0.65–0.83)), past year assault (aOR = 0.88 (0.80–0.97)), past year arrest for a property crime (aOR = 0.78 (0.65–0.95)), and past year arrest for a violent crime (aOR = 0.82 (0.70–0.97)). In contrast, lifetime illicit use of other drugs was, by and large, associated with an increased odds of these outcomes. Lifetime classic psychedelic use, like lifetime illicit use of almost all other substances, was associated with an increased odds of past year drug distribution. Results were consistent with a protective effect of psilocybin for antisocial criminal behavior. These findings contribute to a compelling rationale for the initiation of clinical research with classic psychedelics, including psilocybin, in forensic settings.
Preliminary Outcomes From a Community-Based Elder Abuse Risk and Evaluation Tool
Authors: Dauenhauer Jason , Heffernan Kristin , Caccamise Paul L. , Granata Allison , Calamia Lindsay , Siebert-Konopko Tracey , Mason Art
Published: October 2017

This research addresses the need to develop an assessment tool for case workers working in the aging services field outside of APS. As such, the research discusses the development, implementation, and preliminary outcomes of the Elder Abuse Risk Assessment and Evaluation© tool (EARAE). This instrument was developed and pilot tested by the Elder Abuse Prevention Program (EAPP), a program within Lifespan of Greater Rochester Inc. in Rochester, New York. A total of 189 suspected elder mistreatment cases were investigated using the EARAE instrument to track elements at the start and close of each case. Results indicate the tool represents an effective way to capture abuse indicators, track contributing risk factors, measure multiple case outcomes, and track types of interventions utilized. Opportunities and limitations of the tool are also discussed.
News focuses on individuals for rising health care costs
Authors: Kim Sei-Hill , Tanner Andrea H. , Kim Soo Yun , Foster Caroline , Oh Sang-Hwa , Chang Jeong-Heon
Published: October 2017

This study examines how the American news media have framed the question of who is responsible for rising healthcare costs in the United States. Commercial pressures seem to influence news media to focus less on such social-level causes as pharmaceutical companies, while patients—an individual-level cause—have been mentioned most frequently as being responsible for rising healthcare costs.
Politics, conflict generate more live-blog comments
Authors: Pantic Mirjana , Whiteside Erin , Cvetkovic Ivana
Published: October 2017

Live-blogging aids news organizations in achieving transparency with audiences, according to this content analysis of The Guardian’s live-blogging practices. The study provides guidelines for other media outlets on how to use various news elements available online to achieve transparency.
“Becoming a Better Man”
Authors: Moulding Nicole
Published: October 2017

Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is the most common and psychologically harmful form of child abuse. While there has been attention to how gender discourses and power relations frame other forms of interpersonal violence and abuse, there has been no research into the gendered dimensions of CEA. This article reports on the findings from a qualitative interview study with men who have these backgrounds. The study was framed by a poststructural feminist understanding of gender, discourse, and power and R. W. Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and social practices of gender. Narrative-discursive analysis revealed a powerful discourse about “becoming a better man” in spite of abuse through practices of hegemonic masculinity, particularly the control of emotion and prevailing over abusers. The article considers the positive and negative implications for abused men’s subjectivities as well as those for women and wider gender power relations. The article also considers gender-aware approaches for social workers and other professionals working with individuals who have these backgrounds.
Eye-Tracking Causality
Authors: Gerstenberg Tobias , Peterson Matthew F. , Goodman Noah D. , Lagnado David A. , Tenenbaum Joshua B.
Published: October 2017

How do people make causal judgments? What role, if any, does counterfactual simulation play? Counterfactual theories of causal judgments predict that people compare what actually happened with what would have happened if the candidate cause had been absent. Process theories predict that people focus only on what actually happened, to assess the mechanism linking candidate cause and outcome. We tracked participants’ eye movements while they judged whether one billiard ball caused another one to go through a gate or prevented it from going through. Both participants’ looking patterns and their judgments demonstrated that counterfactual simulation played a critical role. Participants simulated where the target ball would have gone if the candidate cause had been removed from the scene. The more certain participants were that the outcome would have been different, the stronger the causal judgments. These results provide the first direct evidence for spontaneous counterfactual simulation in an important domain of high-level cognition.
The Empirical Case for Acquiescing to Intuition
Authors: Walco Daniel K. , Risen Jane L.
Published: October 2017

Will people follow their intuition even when they explicitly recognize that it is irrational to do so? Dual-process models of judgment and decision making are often based on the assumption that the correction of errors necessarily follows the detection of errors. But this assumption does not always hold. People can explicitly recognize that their intuitive judgment is wrong but nevertheless maintain it, a phenomenon known as acquiescence. Although anecdotes and experimental studies suggest that acquiescence occurs, the empirical case for acquiescence has not been definitively established. In four studies—using the ratio-bias paradigm, a lottery exchange game, blackjack, and a football coaching decision—we tested acquiescence using recently established criteria. We provide clear empirical support for acquiescence: People can have a faulty intuitive belief about the world (Criterion 1), acknowledge the belief is irrational (Criterion 2), but follow their intuition nonetheless (Criterion 3)—even at a cost.
Minor Perambulations, Political Horizons: Comment on Kathy Ferguson’s “Anarchist Women and the Politics of Walking”
Authors: Menzel Annie
Published: October 2017

In “Anarchist Women and the Politics of Walking,” Kathy Ferguson identifies rich and unexpected connections between anarchist feminists, walking, and Whitehead’s process philosophy. In attuning readers to resonances between the physiological and sensory complexity of walking, and the latter’s role in the lives of anarchist feminists Alexandra David-Neel and Lily Gair Wilkinson (and Ferguson’s own), her essay sheds crucial light on the concept of process for political thinking and what the everyday process of walking might mean for political praxis. At the same time, I argue that the anarchist feminist walking praxes of David-Neel and Gair Wilkinson depend in some degree on disavowed white supremacist frames of reference. Moreover, Ferguson’s circumscription of the politics of walking to exclude situations of coercion and vulnerability correspondingly raises the question of what and for whom the politics of walking is for. I suggest that a radical politics of walking must not only open its horizons to nonvoluntary, threatened, and resistive perambulatory modes and the histories that they carry, but avow these feminist anarchist ancestors’ disavowals along with their achievements as part of a living radical lineage.
Sensory Reduction on the General Milieu of a High-Acuity Inpatient Psychiatric Unit to Prevent Use of Physical Restraints: A Successful Open Quality Improvement Trial
Authors: Yakov Svetlana , Birur Badari , Bearden Melissa F. , Aguilar Barbara , Ghelani Kinjal J. , Fargason Rachel E.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Impaired sensory gating in patients with acute mental illness predisposes to overstimulation and behavioral dyscontrol. OBJECTIVE: Explore use of sensory reduction interventions on a high-acuity inpatient milieu to reduce high assault/restraint rates. DESIGN: A multidisciplinary team using failure mode and effect analysis to explore high restraint use between 4:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. observed patient/staff overstimulation contributed to behavioral escalations. The team implemented sensory reduction/integration improvements over a 5-month period to prevent excessive restraint use. RESULTS: Restraint rates dropped immediately following light and sound reduction interventions and by 72% at 11 months postimplementation. Mann-Whitney statistics for unpaired 6-month comparisons, 1-year pre- and postintervention showed significant reductions: Assault rates (median pre = 1.37, post = 0.18, U = 4, p = .02); Restraint rates (median pre = 0.50, post = 0.06, U = 0, p = .002). CONCLUSION: Sensory reduction during a high-stress time period on a high-acuity psychiatric unit was associated with a reduction in assaults and restraints.
Generalization Strategies to Promote Text Comprehension Skills by Students With ASD in Core Content Areas
Authors: Sartini Emily , Knight Victoria F. , Spriggs Amy D. , Allday R. Allan
Published: October 2017

As increasing literature emerges to address text comprehension deficits for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), educators often struggle to design interventions resulting in successful generalization of comprehension skills. This evaluative review of literature explored the inclusion of and methods used in generalization of text comprehension research for students with ASD. Authors examined 32 studies across content areas (e.g., English language arts [ELA], math, science) to investigate the following questions: (a) To what extent is generalization addressed across content areas for students with ASD? (b) How did the studies program for generalization? (c) What conclusions can be inferred about effective generalization methods? and (d) Can quality indicators be recommended for generalization methods for text comprehension? Recommendations for quality indicators for generalization measures and strategies are suggested based on the findings from the current review. Implications for future research and instructional practice are also discussed.
Are Honor Killings Unique? A Comparison of Honor Killings, Domestic Violence Homicides, and Hate Homicides by Far-Right Extremists
Authors: Hayes Brittany E. , Mills Colleen E. , Freilich Joshua D. , Chermak Steven M.
Published: October 2017

This study compared honor killings, domestic violence homicides, and hate homicides committed by far-right extremists. Prior research has suggested that terrorists may differ from “regular” offenders whereas others suggest similarities. Data from the Extremist Crime Database were used to compare honor killings committed in the United States since 1990 to domestic violence and hate homicides ( N = 48). Open-source documents were closed coded for criminal justice involvement, domestic violence history, motivation, and offenders’ mental illness. Honor killings were more likely to have a history of domestic violence in open sources than hate homicides, suggesting these three homicides may be more similar than different.
Analysis of mixture formation process in a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Ma Jun , Zhao Hua
Published: October 2017

The two-stroke engine has the great potential for aggressive engine downsizing and downspeeding because of its double firing frequency. For a given torque, it is characterized with a lower mean effective pressure and lower peak in-cylinder pressure than a four-stroke counterpart. In order to explore the potential of two-stroke cycle while avoiding the drawbacks of conventional ported two-stroke engines, a novel two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine was proposed and designed. In order to achieve the stable lean-burn combustion in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine, the mixture preparation, especially the fuel stratification around the spark plug, should be accurately controlled. As the angled intake scavenge ports produce strong swirl flow motion and complex transfer between the swirl and tumble flows in the two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine, the interaction between the in-cylinder flow motions and the direct injection and its impact on the charge preparation in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine are investigated in this study by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. Both the single injection and split injections are applied and their impact on the mixture formation process is investigated. The start of injection timing and split injection ratio are adjusted accordingly to optimize the charge preparation for each injection strategy. The results show that the strong interaction between the fuel injection and in-cylinder flow motions dominates the mixture preparation in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine. Compared to the single injection, the split injection shows less impact on the large-scale flow motions. Good fuel stratification around the spark plug was obtained by the late start of injection timings at 300 °CA/320 °CA with an equal amount in each injection. However, when a higher tumble flow motion is produced by the eight scavenge ports’ design, a better fuel charge stratification can be achieved with the later single injection at start of injection of 320 °CA.
Comparing Delivery Approaches to Teaching Abnormal Psychology: Investigating Student Perceptions and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Goette William F. , Delello Julie A. , Schmitt Andrew L. , Sullivan Jeremy R. , Rangel Angelica
Published: October 2017

This study compares the academic performance and perceptions of 114 undergraduate students enrolled in an abnormal psychology course. Specifically, this study focuses on whether face-to-face (F2F) or blended modalities are associated with student learning outcomes. In this study, data analysis was based upon the examination of end-of-course grades, final exams, and an end-of-course survey. The data revealed that the same course presented in a F2F and a hybrid modality was associated with nearly identical learning outcomes in terms of student evaluations and final exam scores. However, students did note differences in course delivery in terms of time, assessment, and overall structure.
Rural Collaborative Model for Diabetes Prevention and Management: A Case Study
Authors: Kunz Susan , Ingram Maia , Piper Rosalinda , Wu Tianne , Litton Nina , Brady Joanne , Knudson Alana
Published: October 2017

Diabetes disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, rural, and impoverished populations. This case study describes the program components and key lessons learned from implementing Vivir Mejor! (Live Better!), a diabetes prevention and management program tailored for the rural, Mexican American population. The program used workforce innovations and multisector partnerships to engage and activate a rural, mostly Hispanic population. Community health worker (CHW) roles were designed to reach and support distinct populations. Promotoras focused exclusively on health education and patient navigators individually coached patients with chronic disease management issues for the high-risk patient population. To extend diabetes health education to the broader community in Santa Cruz County, promotoras trained lay leaders to become peer educators. Multisector partnerships allowed the program to offer health and social services around diabetes care. The partners also supported provider engagement through continuing education workshops and digital story screening to encourage referrals to the program. Multisector partnerships, including partnering with critical access hospitals, for diabetes management and prevention, as well as using different types of CHWs to implement programs that target high- and low-risk populations are innovative and valuable components of the Vivir Mejor! model.