bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business Decisions, Human Choices
Authors: Williams Lloyd C.
Published: March 2024

Dr. Williams contends that over the last 20 years a change has occurred in organizations that has created a syndrome of dysfunctions that are neither good for businesses nor for the people who work in them. Williams sees businesses as living entities, and argues that how they act and react will have an impact on their employees, and often a devastating impact. In much the same way as businesses make decisions, people make choices, and seldom are these decisions and choices congruent. Unless disparate self-interests and goals can be reconciled—unless a partnership can be restored between people and their organizations—not only will employees be damaged, but the success of their organization, upon which they depend for their livelihoods, will be jeopardized. How this dangerous situation came about, what it means, and how it can be remedied is the subjet of Dr. Williams' book. Research-based and always in touch with the realities of commerce, Dr. Williams will make business people aware that organizations and their people must become reunited, and then show them how it can be done.

Dr. Williams makes clear he is not simply speculating or theorizing. His goal is to make management aware of the dysfunctions that are damaging their organizations, and how these are reflected in the behaviors of their employees. When he calls for a focus on humanity, spirit, and context, Dr. Williams is actually offering a workable, real-world strategy to breathe new life into organizations of all kinds—a strategy he calls The Trinity Process. Its purpose: to help management restore the essential partnership between organizational entities and the people who make them succeed or fail. In Part One he shows what it means to be part of any organization and, with anecdotes and cases from his own research, helps readers grasp the dynamics of their own organizations. In Part Two he proposes new or reframed paradigms that provide an underpinning for the reestablishment of equality between organizations and their employees. Then, in Part Three he presents The Trinity Process itself. The result is a remarkably lucid, readable, engrossing exploration of organizational life today, important reading for decision makers in all types of organizations, public as well as private, and for academics concerned with how organizations behave.
The Demography of Africa
Authors: Tarver James D.
Published: March 2024

Written lucidly and simply to serve as an introduction to the study of the African continent from a human population perspective, this book demonstrates important factors in the ebb and flow of group size and structure using the example of the fastest growing region in the world. From a total original population of less than a quarter million in prehistoric times to the present count of 642 million people in 1990, Africa is now demonstrating an annual growth rate of 3.0%, the highest on the planet. While the rest of the world's population is expected to increase by 60%, Africa's is expected to increase by 100%, doubling by the year 2025 to a projected total of 1.6 billion people. The major factor creating the high growth rate is the drop in death rates while the fertility rates remain high. Stress on the population has been related to urbanization which has increased since African countries attained independence in the 1960s. Employment opportunities in cities are inadequate and slum conditions have appeared around most major cities. Since agriculture remains the major industry and occupation, rural development policies are seen to hold the most promise for stemming urban migration and reducing famine and poverty.
Keepers of the Spirits
Authors: Guthrie   Jr. John
Published: March 2024

Drawn from research in the manuscript records of the federal judiciary and the court reports of the Florida Supreme Court, this book examines how state and federal judges responded to the enforcement of local, state, and national prohibition in Florida. Upholding these measures often resulted in governmental encroachment on civil liberties; consequently, judges found themselves positioned to determine the scope of the liquor laws. As they balanced the rights of individuals with the power of the state, Florida judges acted independently of public opinion and based their rulings on precedent and citation of authority. To present the fullest picture possible, this text, while focusing on the efforts of the judges to uphold the spirit and the letter of the various liquor laws, it also considers the views of individuals who violated prohibition.
The Corporate City
Authors: Curry Leonard P.
Published: March 2024

This book begins the comparative study of U.S. urban development during the first half of the 19th century. Breathtaking in its comprehensiveness, its survey and comparisons of early urban politics is without parallel. The study is based on a thorough examination of fifteen cities—Albany, Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Charleston, Cincinnati, Louisville, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Providence, St. Louis, and Washington. This group of cities—the fifteen largest in 1850—provides a good mix of northern and southern, eastern and western, old and new, and fast- and slow-growing urban centers. This volume deals with the city as a corporate entity and contains chapters on urban governmental structures, government finance, politics and elections, urban political leadership, the city plan and city planning, intergovernmental relations, and urban mercantilism.
Beyond the Enlightenment
Authors: Salerno Roger A.
Published: March 2024

Important ideas that helped shape 20th-century thought—ideas which continue to hold great significance for anyone interested in the social world—are made accessible in this illuminating volume. Readers will be motivated to delve into the deeper pool of knowledge available on major social theorists and their groundbreaking ideas.

A mixture of biographical and historical ideas, this book was written to introduce social theory to a broad audience. It looks at the intersection between the theorist as a social actor and as a reflection of his or her time. The volume's breadth makes it a useful tool for those interested in sociology and its many luminaries.
Media Skills for Middle Schools
Authors: Van Vliet Lucille W.
Published: March 2024

These practical and useful lesson plans promote teaching information and computer skills as an integral part of the middle school curriculum. Emphasizing the vital role shared by media specialists, teachers, and administrators in connecting students to the Information Superhighway, this new edition contains current goals, terminology, learning strategies, and resources that encompass the Information Age.
Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy
Authors: Wueschner Silvano A.
Published: March 2024

Herbert Hoover, as Secretary of Commerce, and Benjamin Strong, as Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, played a critical role in the formulation of American monetary policy during the 1920s. Yet little attention has been given to the relationship between them—at first cooperative, then increasingly one of conflict and factionalism—or to the impact of that relationship on policy formulation. This book sheds new light on their roles in policy making and relates those roles to larger conflicts over where policy should be made, how the Federal Reserve System should be structured, and the balance that should be struck between international, national, and regional considerations.

Focusing on the Hoover-Strong relationship from a political rather than a purely economic perspective, the book's scope includes both domestic and international aspects of Federal Reserve policy formulation. New sources have enabled the author to provide both fresh details and a broader interpretation. Elaborating on the belief that the Depression resulted from policies developed during the autumn of 1927, the author contends that the foundation for those policies was laid with America's decision to underwrite the Dawes plan, the decision to underwrite England's return to the gold standard, and the involvement in European monetary stabilization—all issues over which Hoover and Strong disagreed.
Regulating the National Pastime
Authors: Duquette Jerold J.
Published: March 2024

Major League Baseball, alone among industries of its size in the United States, operates as an unregulated monopoly. This 20th-century regulatory anomaly has become known as the baseball anomaly. Major League Baseball developed into a major commercial enterprise without being subject to antitrust liability. Long after the interstate commercial character of baseball had been established and even recognized by the Supreme Court, baseball's monopoly remained free from federal regulation. Duquette explains the baseball anomaly by connecting baseball's regulatory status to the larger political environment, tracing the game's fate through four different regulatory regimes. The constellation of institutional, ideological, and political factors within each regulatory regime provides the context for the survival of the baseball anomaly.

Duquette shows baseball's unregulated monopoly persists because of the confluence of institutional, ideological, and political factors which have prevented the repeal of baseball's antitrust exemption to date. However, both the institutional and ideological factors are fading fast. Baseball's owners can no longer claim special cultural significance in defense of their exemption. Nor can they credibly claim that the commissioner system approximates government regulation effectively. Both of these strategies have been discredited by the labor unrest of the 1980s and 1990s. Duquette provides a unique perspective on American regulatory politics, and by explaining a complicated story in comprehensive prose, he has given researchers, policy makers, and fans a fascinating look at the business of baseball.
Practical Steps to the Research Process for High School
Authors: Stanley Deborah B.
Published: March 2024

These hands-on lessons for teaching the research process will help you effectively teach information skills, while implementing current national information literacy standards. Stanley offers strategies that connect standards to content area units of study, sharing dozens of successful collaboratively planned and taught research lessons. Detailed learning activities for each of the six research skills demonstrates how this process meets the needs of today's students as well as the requirements of many current educational trends and reforms-technology integration, literacy, critical thinking, collaborative instruction, and adaptations for second language learners as well as learning disabled students. The book includes guidelines for planning and preparing for research, scripted lessons with accompanying instructor directions, application and accountability procedures, and writing and technology extensions.
Abortion
Authors: MariAnna Cara
Published: March 2024

Stories about abortion provide a rich ground for looking at the relationship between narrative, experience, and meaning because in many ways abortion has come to be a defining issue for American culture—one that touches on the value we attribute to human life, liberty, and freedom. Using personal stories and interviews, MariAnna seeks to show the contours of a vital and diverse collective story—a narrative that emphasizes the discursive dynamics at work in any account of the significance of abortion.

MariAnna seeks to show the contours of a vital and diverse collective story—a narrative that emphasizes the discursive dynamics at work in any account of the significance of abortion.

By attempting to find a range of narrative and experiential extremes, she provides diverse and detailed accounts that form a collective story. The accounts she provides are about actual experience, but because the meaning of that experience is created and conveyed in narrative form, there is no neat distinction between a story and the event to which it refers. Meaning is embedded in larger cultural narrative: the individual stories told about abortion and the intersection between them. These stories illustrate how experience itself is mediated by, to some extent even a function of, narrative modes and currents. They illustrate the way autobiographical history is so enmeshed in cultural narrative forms that the private accounts we give of our own lives function as often unacknowledged social commentary. Stories about abortion provide a rich ground for looking at the relationship between narrative, experience, and meaning because in many ways abortion has come to be a defining issue for American culture—one that touches on the value we attribute to human life, liberty, and freedom. This book will be of particular interest to scholars, students, and researchers involved with Women's Studies and Women's Health issues and to general readers concerned with contemporary American social problems.
Library Instruction
Authors: Deese-Roberts Susan , Keating Kathleen
Published: March 2024

Changing technologies and diversifying populations have meant a higher demand for library instruction at most academic libraries. This book demonstrates how you can meet that demand by using peer tutors to support and enhance your library services. Peer tutors can teach library patrons online search concepts and skills and how to use other specific research tools. This practical, step-by-step plan for developing and implementing a peer tutoring program can improve library services and make your job easier.
The Gatekeepers
Authors: Lyles Kevin
Published: March 2024

There are more than 600 Federal district judges serving today, and they decide some 230,000 civil cases each year. About 90% of the decisions they reach are final. Lyles argues that these lower court judges not only influence the flow of information to the judicial hierarchy, but they formulate questions that influence how higher courts, including the Supreme Court, respond. As such they are key elements in the formulation and implementation of public policy. To cite a few examples, they desegregate school districts, run mental institutions and prisons, break up monopolies, and reapportion legislatures.

Lyles begins by examining the structure and function of federal courts and detailing the history, operation, and purpose of the district courts. He then turns to the selection, nomination, and appointment of district judges. Lyles then analyzes the extent to which presidents might advance policy objectives through their judicial appointments to the district courts. After examining how African-American, Latino, and white judges, male and female, view their roles as policy actors, Lyles concludes with a discussion of the implications of the study. Important for students and scholars of contemporary public policy and the court system.
The All-Americans at War
Authors: Cooke James J.
Published: March 2024

This is the first study to analyze the content, training, and performance of a World War I draft division from its formation onward. The 82nd division consisted heavily of non-English speaking European immigrants and conscripts fresh from farming towns in Tennessee and North Carolina. Despite these apparent obstacles, it would evolve into an effective combat unit on the front lines of St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne. These All-Americans would prove that they could fight and accomplish several difficult missions in the Great War.

From its birth at Camp Gordon, Georgia, to the battlefields of the Western Front, the 82nd division became a highly successful combat unit through good leadership and hard work. After initial training in France by both British and French forces, the 82nd entered the trenches to face the Germans. Given a difficult mission during the St. Mihiel offensive, the diverse division performed well; and during the Meuse-Argonne battle, it achieved its objectives despite heavy casualties. Despite an early lack of preparation, this force would be a true American success story.
America and the Holy Land
Authors: Davis Moshe
Published: March 2024

The continuing relationship between America and the Holy Land has implications for American and Jewish history which extend beyond the historical narrative and interpretation. The devotion of Americans of all faiths to the Holy Land extends into the spiritual realm, and the Holy Land, in turn, penetrates American homes, patterns of faith, and education. In this book Davis illuminates the interconnection of Americans and the Holy Land in historical perspective, and delineates unique elements inherent in this relationship: the role of Zion in American spiritual history, in the Christian faith, in Jewish tradition and communal life, and the impress of Biblical place names on the map of America as well as American settlements and institutions in the State of Israel. The book concludes with an annotated select bibliography of primary sources on America and the Holy Land.
American Political Prisoners
Authors: Kohn Stephen M.
Published: March 2024

This book is the first account of the personal lives of the nearly 1,000 long-term political prisoners arrested under various sedition laws for their opposition to World War I, their trade union activities, or their unpopular political or religious beliefs. Based on the author's exclusive access to the uncensored prison files of many of these prisoners, and information obtained under the federal Freedom of Information Act, Kohn relays the powerful prison experiences of some of America's most famous and colorful labor, socialist, and peace leaders. With over ten years of research, and access to tens of thousands of pages of never-before released U.S. Department of Justice records, Stephen Kohn has been able to recreate the actual prison experiences of these political prisoners.
Discrimination, Harassment, and the Failure of Diversity Training
Authors: Haines Ray , Hemphill Hellen
Published: March 2024

Billions of dollars have been spent on the wrong solution to the complex, sensitive and emotionally charged issue of discrimination and harassment in the workplace. Companies originally invested in diversity training in order to meet Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity requirements, to reduce litigation costs, and to buy social peace. The result was often more social conflict—divisiveness, hostility, backlash, and an increase in litigation. This book offers a new, simple and effective solution to organizations that include the need to: establish, publish and enforce a zero-tolerance policy against discrimination and harassment; develop standards which define unacceptable professional workplace behaviors; and provide the relationship skills training necessary for all employees to meet the company's behavioral standards.

Diversity training failed because of its focus on awareness, understanding and appreciating differences rather than teaching basic skills to help employees relate more effectively with each other regardless of their differences. Companies have the right to require professional behavior from their employees. They do not have the right to ask their employees to change ther personal values and belief systems. This book provides a blueprint for a skills-based solution to the elimination of discrimination and harassment. It emphasizes the development of professional relationship skills to help employees work more effectively with their bosses, their peers, their team members, their customers, and all those individuals different from themselves. For all business executives, leaders, managers, supervisors, human resource specialists, trainers, consultants, entrepreneurs, and employees.
FDR and the Modern Presidency
Authors: Pederson William D. , Rozell Mark J.
Published: March 2024

In this volume Rozell and Peterson bring together a collection of new essays exploring the unparalleled impact of Franklin D. Roosevelt on the modern presidency. Of all the modern presidents, FDR looms largest. Indeed, most scholars date the origins of the modern presidency to FDR, and many assert that no one since has achieved his level of greatness in office.

The essays are organized into two broad sections: The first examines FDR's impact on the creation and development of the administrative presidency and the legacy of the New Deal; the second looks at FDR's legacy to presidential leadership and the exercise of presidential powers. An important volume for scholars and other researchers of the FDR era and the modern American presidency.
From Vietnam to El Salvador
Authors: Spencer David E.
Published: March 2024

Spencer provides a history of the FMLN guerrilla special forces—known collectively by the acronym FES—in El Salvador. Trained in Cuba and Vietnam and utilizing techniques taken from the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army, the FES terrorized the armed forces of El Salvador from 1981 to 1992. After reviewing their training, Spencer examines the major operations of the special forces and gives an in-depth discussion of their tactics and methods. He concludes with a look at the special forces groups in other Latin American countries.

After reviewing their training, Spencer looks at the major operations of the special forces groups of three of the guerrilla factions—the FPL, ERP, and FAL—and provides an in-depth discussion of their major operation tactics and methods. He concludes with a look at the special forces groups in Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Puerto Rico. This thorough examination of an often misunderstood approach to guerrilla warfare will be of great interest to researchers involved with contemporary low-intensity warfare and Latin American affairs.
Hard News
Authors: Hosley David H. , Yamada Gayle K.
Published: March 2024

A major scholarly and readable history of women in broadcast news, covering the broadcast journalistic roles of women from the 1920s through the mid-1980s. Authors Hosley and Yamada, both with extensive professional experience in broadcasting and broadcast news as well as serving on the faculty of Stanford University's Mass Media Institute, have produced a heavily researched and well-written book, which gives attention not only to the more familiar names but also to the many women whose pioneer work in broadcast journalism had led to gradual acceptance of women in what had been considerd a male field. Choice

There are a lot of names in this book. Some are immediately recognizable . . . other names are virtually unknown, making this book a valuable reference text for students interested in researching the careers of women broadcasters who have been all but forgotten. The authors, both of whom have extensive backgrounds in broadcasting, have done a commendable job of identifying women who have pioneered in electronic journalism. . . Indeed, this book is so engrossing one only wishes that it were longer. The authors touch on complex issues--such as the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the FCC's decision to mandate affirmative action programs to remedy past discrimination--that call for more complete treatment in future works. Yet this book is an excellent starting point for serious study of women and broadcast news. It is highly recommended for courses in communications history and broadcasting and women's studies. Journalism Quarterly

This is the first book to tell the story of women in broadcast news. It presents a historical overview of how the evolution of women in news has contributed to, and reflected, changes in our society. It identifies the newswomen who were pioneers in radio and television's developing years and focuses on those whose careers have had the greatest influence on American society through their impact on radio and television. Included are profiles of the major trail-blazers in the industry, such as Sigrid Schultz, the first female radio foreign correspondent; Helen Sioussat, the first woman network news executive; Dorothy Fuldheim, the first woman to anchor a news program; and network correspondent Pauline Frederick, the dean of women electronic journalists.
Life with Chronic Illness
Authors: Royer Ariela
Published: March 2024

Many healthcare professionals are focusing their concerns on controlling symptoms and minimizing physical distress while failing to deal with the social and psychological factors related to living with long-term chronic illness. Ariela Royer makes an important contribution to the study of health and illness behavior by showing the various strategies chronically ill people use to manage their symptoms and overcome the consequences of their particular illness, so they can live the most normal life possible and maintain their self-esteem.

In spite of a popular belief linking chronic illness mainly to aging, most chronic problems extend across the life span. One of every seven men and one of every eight women between the ages of 17 and 44 are limited in their major activity, their ability to work, keep house or go to school, because of a chronic condition. At ages 65 and over, nearly three-fifths of men and two-fifths of women are handicapped. Dr. Royer shows various strategies the chronically ill may use to live with the uncertainty inherent in chronic illness. She also discusses how one might try to overcome or to minimize the salient social consequences of chronic illness, such as stigma and social isolation, in order to get on with their lives.
Paying for Crime
Authors: Sarnoff Susan K.
Published: March 2024

Who should bear the financial and social costs of the consequences of crime? In answer to this question, this book offers a comprehensive review of the public and private benefits currently available to compensate victims for the losses suffered as a result of crime. The author analyzes the social philosophy and legislative policy behind such remedies as restitution, private insurance, and civil litigation, notes their histories and their limitations, and makes recommendations for ways that each can be improved.
Effectiveness of routine physical therapy with or without home-based intensive bimanual training on clinical outcomes in cerebral palsy children: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ijaz Fatima , Tanveer Fahad , Shoukat Filza , Fatima Nida , Ahmad Ashfaq
Published: March 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to test how normal physical treatment, with or without home-based intense bimanual training, affected hand coordination and daily living activities in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods

A randomised controlled experiment was carried out at DHQ Hospital in Kasur, Pakistan. Thirty children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy took part in the study. The first group received standard physical treatment, whereas the second group received bimanual training along with routine physical therapy. Follow-ups were performed in the fourth and sixth weeks. The paediatric motor log activity scale and the ABILHAND questionnaire were used to assess daily activities and coordination, respectively.

Results

At baseline, no significant association was seen between treatment groups and hand coordination outcome among the patients (p = 0.0450) and no significant difference was seen in patients in both treatment groups regarding their activities of daily living. In group A, no significant improvement was seen in hand coordination from baseline until the 6th week (p = 0.257) while in group B, a significant difference was seen in hand coordination from baseline until the 6th week follow-up (p = 0.000).

Conclusions

This study concluded that the combined effect of home-based bimanual exercises and routine physical therapy shows significant achievements in hand coordination and activities of daily living.
Impact of combined Russian current and threshold PEP on dyspnoea and functional capacity in patients with COPD: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: M. Habib Hassan , M. Serry Zahra , A. Hussein Sabah , Nagy Ebtesam N. , A. Ghallab Mona
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Expiratory muscle weakness and dyspnoea are common in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and negatively affect their exercise capacity. We aimed to highlight the combined effect of Russian current and a threshold positive expiratory pressure (PEP) device on expiratory muscle strength, dyspnoea, and functional capacity in patients with COPD.

Methods

A total of 60 males with COPD were involved in this controlled randomised trial (age ranged 55–65 years and median body mass index [BMI] was 28.68–25.96) and randomly assigned into two equal groups (30 for each), to receive combined Russian current and PEP device (study group) or PEP device only (control group), for three sessions per week over a ten-week period. Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), dyspnoea (modified Borg scale – MBS), and functional capacity (6-minute walk test) were assessed before and after the intervention.

Results

There was statistically significant improvement in all measured variables (MEP, MBS, and 6-minute walk test) in either the study group or the control group according to Wilcoxon’s sign rank test (all were p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), however, the study group showed a more significant improvement compared to the control group according to the Mann–Whitney U-test (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Combined Russian current and PEP device had a superior beneficial effect on improving dyspnoea and functional capacity by boosting the expiratory muscle strength in COPD patients, which could be implemented in their management, although further studies are needed to evaluate its maintenance effect.
Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure improves balance ability in sedentary young adults
Authors: Siriphorn Akkradate , Jirawadeenichada Chayanuch , Kotcharak Jirawat , Kiatkaiwansiri Kairawee , Siriphorn Siriporn Vongsaiyat
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Exercising with a game console is a novel type of exercise. One game that is currently popular is Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure, but its impact on balancing ability in young adults who are sedentary has yet to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure exercise on balance ability in young adults with sedentary lifestyles.

Methods

Thirty participants were randomly divided into two groups: the Nintendo and control groups. The experimental group completed a workout routine using the Nintendo Ring Fit for 30 minutes per day, three times per week for four weeks, while the control group received no intervention. Participants’ balance abilities were evaluated pre- and post-intervention by the single leg stance test, Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (MCTSIB), and limit of stability. A one-way ANCOVA with the pre-intervention value as a covariate was used to compare groups.

Results

Comparisons between groups after the intervention revealed a significant decrease in MCTSIB sway for the firm surface with eyes open condition (p = 0.043) and a significant increase in endpoint excursion in the backward direction (p = 0.038). The other variables did not show statistically significant differences between groups.

Conclusions

Exercise with Nintendo Ring Fit improved the participants’ ability to balance in certain dimensions. Nintendo Ring Fit may increase the balance ability of young adults with sedentary behaviour.
Spinal alignment in habitual standing position and while using smartphones in healthy young adults
Authors: Barczyk-Pawelec Katarzyna , Sipko Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Introduction

A cascade of biomechanical changes occurs with postural deviations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the trunk position and spine shape during smartphone use.

Methods

Body posture was tested by the photogrammetric method in habitual standing position and while using smartphones in 39 healthy subjects of both sexes.

Results

While using smartphones, the trunk was shifted backwards (F(1.37) = 166.19, p = 0.0000), and the angle of the cervical spine increased in both sexes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the depth of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis increased (p < 0.001), though only in the female group, but there were no differences in cervical load between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Using a smartphone caused backward displacement of the upper torso in both sexes. It was also found that using a smartphone increased the depth of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in females, which should be interpreted as a compensatory mechanism.
Effect of Operation Assessment on Performance of State-Owned Sugar Firms in Kenya
Authors: Misiko Evans Wambasi , Kiongera Fredrick , Wanjere Dishon
Published: March 2024

The primary goal of supply chain design is to improve service quality and interaction levels between service providers and customers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of operation assessment on the performance of state-owned sugar firms. The research employed a descriptive causal research design to provide a cause-and-effect relationship between the variables. The target population comprised all four operating state-owned sugar companies, namely Chemilil, Muhoroni, Sony, and Nzoia. The composition of the target population consisted of four factory managers, four finance managers, five hundred and twenty-four agricultural extension officers, four human resource managers, one hundred and eighty agricultural services personnel, and four strategy and planning managers, bringing the total target population to 720. The simple stratified purposive sampling technique was applied to obtain a sample of 325 respondents. The researcher used questionnaires for data collection. The analysis of the data was executed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) helped in the analysis. The data was organized and presented in tables. The hypothesis was tested at a 95% confidence level. The results indicated that operation assessment had a positive effect on the performance of selected sugar manufacturing firms in Kenya (t = 6.666, p<0.05). Simple regression helped determine the strength and direction of the relationship between the study variables. The study is of importance to potential investors and managers to help in policy formulation. It will also be of importance to academia, which will beef up the study, particularly in the manufacturing sector, and encourage further investigation in the area of performance based on supply chain design. The study recommended the need for managers to use proper data management approaches and tools, ensure timely access to relevant data, and ensure quality control and assurance of field tasks at all times in order to boost operational efficiency, which leads to the realization of profits in the manufacturing enterprise, especially the sugar manufacturing sector.
El Tratado acerca de las reglas del arte de los poetas (Qawānīn fī ṣināʿat al- šuʿarāʾ) de Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī. Presentación, traducción y notas
Authors: Cumsille Marzouka Kamal , Carmona Tabja Miguel
Published: March 2024

El presente artículo ofrece una traducción anotada del Tratado acerca de las reglas del arte de los poetas (Qawānīn fī ṣināʿat al- šuʿarāʾ) de Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī. Acompañamos esta traducción de una introducción dividida en tres partes. En primer lugar, se ofrece un contexto general acerca del lugar del Qawānīn en la obra de al-Fārābī y en la tradición filosófica árabe. En segundo, se plantea una posible división temática del texto. Y finalmente, en tercer lugar, se especifican las peculiaridades de la traducción, referente al texto tomado como base y las principales decisiones de traducción.
La libertad de la carne y sus paradojas: a propósito de la relación entre subjetividad y acción en las investigaciones de Michel Foucault y Michel Henry sobre el cristianismo
Authors: Colombo Agustín
Published: March 2024

Tanto Michel Foucault como Michel Henry han dedicado una parte importante de sus investigaciones a estudiar el enfoque cristiano de la carne. Sin embargo, sus perspectivas filosóficas son netamente diversas, aunque ambas tienen puntos de contacto significativos, en particular respecto de la crítica y de la alternativa a la fenomenología que los dos proponen. ¿En qué medida el paralelo y el contraste entre sus investigaciones sobre la carne permiten obtener una nueva perspectiva sobre la crítica que ambos realizan al enfoque fenomenológico de la subjetividad? ¿Y de qué manera el “diálogo” entre ambos pone en evidencia el problema de la libertad, que constituye un tema clave en la reflexión que los dos filósofos realizan sobre la carne? Respondiendo estas preguntas, el artículo pone en relieve las paradojas que suscitan los enfoques de la carne propuestos por Foucault y Henry respecto del tema de la acción, entendido como puesta en práctica de la libertad del sujeto, subrayando así su importancia como tema clave en el campo de la filosofía contemporánea.
Enmascaramiento de contenidos violentos con simbología religiosa en vídeos yihadistas: estudio del mensaje de la organización terrorista Jabhat al Nusrah en YouTube
Authors: Trujillo-Fernández Francisco Ramón , Gallardo-Camacho Jorge , Jorge Alonso Ana
Published: March 2024

YouTube se enfrenta en la actualidad a una multiplicación exponencial de contenidos que abiertamente amparan los discursos de odio. En el caso que nos ocupa, proponemos como hipótesis (H1) que el uso de contenidos simbólicos permite difundir una ideología yihadista en YouTube sin tener que ser particularmente explícitos en la promoción de un discurso violento. Se enarbola así una fórmula de enmascaramiento estratégico que permite sostener los productos online durante un tiempo considerable, logrando sortear las políticas de restricción de contenidos. Para verificar tal hipótesis realizamos el análisis simbólico de una pieza documental titulada «Heirs of Glory», difundida en YouTube hasta su posterior eliminación por parte de la operadora y producida por una organización yihadista conocida como Jabhat al Nusrah. Los resultados indican que un 74,04% de las escenas de la pieza muestran contenidos simbólicos de tipo yihadista, cuya exégesis religiosa favorece precisamente un enmascaramiento de la doctrina extremista.
Empowering Women through Financial Inclusion and Governance: Evidence from 30 Developing Economies
Authors: Mahwish Sadia , Bashir Furrukh , Abbassi Faisal Azeem , Khan Shahbaz Ali
Published: March 2024

Gender equality is rooted in the capacity of individuals to independently make decisions regarding their social, political, and economic well-being. Unfortunately, women encounter diminished opportunities for engagement in these spheres, particularly evident in developing economies. UN-SDGs has placed gender equality as a 5th goal in the framework. This study aims to elucidate pathways for women empowerment by investigating the moderating influence of governance within the realm of financial inclusion. Panel data analysis has been employed for 30 developing economies for the time of 2004 to 2020.Data sources are World Development Indicators (WDI) and the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG). The labor force participation rate (LFPRF) was employed as a proxy for women empowerment and is treated as dependent variable. Governance and Financial Inclusion were examined as independent variables, with domestic credit to the private sector (DC) representing financial inclusion and governance stability (GS) acting as a proxy for governance. Gross capital formation (GCF) and gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) were included as control variables. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), FE, and RE regression models were considered appropriate after applying pre diagnostic tests. The study also employed Arellano Bond model for robustness. The Results indicated that 1 % increase in DC increased LFPRF by 1.05%,16%, and 0.16% in OLS, FE, RE respectively. Similarly, 1 % increase in GS increases LFPRF by 2.49% in OLS model and by 0.13% in both FE and RE model. The study also discussed the strategies to promote women empowerment through planned interventions in financial inclusion and governance.
Hirayama Disease: a Case Report with Late Onset
Authors: Albuquerque Antônio Marco Duarte de , Ferreira Sarah Câmara , Silva Sophia Alves de França , Melo Rodrigo Araújo de
Published: March 2024

The etiology of Hirayama's disease (HD) is still controversial, but the most accepted mechanism is the repetition of sudden neck flexion movements, which causes a flattening of the cervical spinal cord. It reaches the cells of the anterior tip of the medulla in the C7-T1 segments. 45-year-old patient with HD, diagnosed 1 year ago with typical atrophy of the left upper limb (LUL) associated with fasciculation and decreased osteotendinous reflexes in upper limbs (ULL). Due to the rarity of the disease, there are many underdiagnosed cases, which results in low epidemiological data reported. We are aware that the prevalence in males is explained by accelerated growth at puberty.
Examining the Historical Trends in the Relationship Between External Economic Aid and Economic Growth Dynamics in Pakistan
Authors: Adnan Yasin  , Ruqia Shaheen  , Najma Yasmeen
Published: March 2024

Recent research aims to explain the empirical ambiguity between foreign aid and economic growth in Pakistan. This study follows the Micro-Macro paradox and reviews critically the role that foreign aid has on economic growth. The study has utilized data from 1972 through 2023, while the ARDL co-integration approach approximates the estimation of the model. Most development projects in underdeveloped economies, particularly Kenya, focus on external resources. Hence, the trend that comes to light in this study. The analysis also unfolds the fact that high inflation holds back economic growth, underlined the potential of what rationally organized foreign economic aid may hold for boosting the economic growth of Pakistan significantly.
Forward Head Posture and Its Effect on Muscle Activation
Authors: Çobanoğlu Gamze , Demirkan Muhammed Yusuf , Ecemiş Zeynep Berfu , Atalay Güzel Nevin
Published: March 2024

Forward head posture (FHP), which is defined as a forward displacement of the head on the cervical spine, is a common postural disorder. It is suggested that this malalignment alters the loads on the spine, affects the length-tension relationship in muscles, and changes muscle activation. Therefore, the aim of this review is to investigate the results of studies on the examination of the changes exerted by FHP on muscle activation. Although there are many methods used to assess FHP, there is no standard clinical method for accurate measurement of this angle. Photographic measurement is the most widely used, valid, and reliable assessment method. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) is the most widely used value to assess FHP in photographic measurements. A CVA of less than 48-50° is defined as FHP, although there are differences regarding the norm value of the CVA. There are many studies on the assessment of differences in the activation of the neck and shoulder muscles by making FHP and non-FHP classifications according to the CVA to show the changes in muscle activation in individuals with FHP. Although many studies have shown increased sternocleidomastoideus and upper trapezius activation, there are also others indicating no difference. Similar conflicting results exist for the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. Although there are conflicting results regarding muscle activation in studies, it seems likely that muscle activation is altered in individuals with FHP. It may be recommended that physiotherapists conduct interventions by considering these differences in muscle activation in individuals with FHP.
معوقات تحقيق فلسفة التعليم المنزلي في المدرسة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: إبراهيم* د. صالح نورين , الزهراني** خميس صالح
Published: March 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على معوقات تحقيق فلسفة التعليم المنزلي في المدرسة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر المعلمين ، والكشف عن الفروق الدالة احصائياً بين آراء أفراد العينة، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (250) معلماً ، باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتمثلت أداة الدراسة في استبانة مكونة من (21) فقرة، موزعة على مجالين هي: (المعوقات التعليمية،  والمعوقات البشرية)، وأظهرت النتائج أن المعوقات التعليمية جاءت بدرجة كبيرة، ً، كما أظهرت النتائج أن المعوقات البشرية جاءت بدرجة كبيرة جداً،  كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة احصائياً  في الدرجة الكلية على الاستبانة ولمجالاتها ( المعوقات التعليمية والمعوقات البشرية )  تعزى للنوع   ولصالح الذكور ، وأوصت الدراسة بأن يعمل المعلم بإشراك الطلاب باختيار الاستراتيجيات التي تشبع حاجاتهم، وبأن يربط مخططي المناهج بين المعوقات التعليمية والبشرية في المدرسة الابتدائية إيجاد حلول لهذه المعوقات، وتنظيم ندوات علمية تعالج المعوقات التي تواجه المعلمين.
Comparative biocidal effect of BioArt and Crataeva religiosa extracts against the groundnut seed pest Caryedon serratus (OL.) in Senegal
Authors: Khady Fall  , Ablaye Faye  , Toffène Diome  , Mbacké Sembène
Published: March 2024

With a view to devising a strategy for protecting groundnut seeds against Caryedon serratus, we tested the biological impact of a product called BioArt made from the leaves of certain plants indigenous to Senegal (Crataeva religiosa, Calotropis procera and Azadirachta indica) and aqueous extracts of Crataeva religiosa on the external forms of C. serratus. The BioArt product caused the greatest mortality in adults. It induced maximum elimination (100%) of adults with the highest dose C1. Extracts of C. religiosa were less effective than BioArt on adults. They induced a maximum effect of 53.33% mortality with the highest dose C1. Females treated with BioArt laid fewer eggs than those treated with aqueous extracts of C. religiosa. With regard to the sex ratio of survivors, a comparative study of the different solutions showed that the BioArt product favoured females, while the C. religiosa extracts were equally distributed between males and females. The ovicidal activity showed almost equal embryonic and larval mortality and a slight difference in pupal mortality (32.41% with BioArt and 47.18% with C. religiosa). Monitoring of surviving eggs showed a lengthening or shortening of the various development times, with larval development, total development and life span being shorter with the BioArt product. The sex ratio was in favour of females for both products.
Developing a population assessment for Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus in the United States Virgin Islands: lessons learned
Authors: Richter Lee , Feeley Michael W
Published: March 2024

The Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) is one of the most important fisheries in the US Virgin Islands. Low densities and life-history characteristics of lobsters have made reliable surveys in the region notoriously difficult, contributing to sparse and inconsistent fisheries-
independent datasets to inform management decisions. Many existing and historical surveys are limited in their temporal and spatial coverage. In 2019, the National Park Service initiated a long-term monitoring effort of spiny lobsters in Buck Island Reef National Monument and Salt River National
Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, and Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, US Virgin Islands. Initial surveys show both density (3.06–7.07 lobsters ha –1) and occupancy (0.11–0.12 sites with lobster) are low and not significantly different
between the three parks. While survey efforts are currently focused on national parks, the 50 × 50 m gridded sample frame and stratification scheme are adaptable to the wider US Caribbean region, modelled after the multi-agency design to monitor reef fish with the National Coral Reef
Monitoring Program. With the same survey footprint as reef fish surveys, the two methods could conceivably be co-located in the future, improving cost-efficiency and overall data quality. If expanded, this methodology could provide regional fishery managers with much needed density indices,
though future surveys would benefit from a greater sample size or by supplementing with other methods that increase the number of observed lobsters to allow for robust size-frequency analyses.