bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Colored Concrete Elements due to Frost
Authors: Pernicová Radka , Hurtig Karel , Utěšená Monika
Published: September 2022

This article is focused on changes in the properties of colored concrete due to frost. In contrast to conventional concrete structures, fair-faced concrete is exposed to external conditions and is therefore also prone to degradation of its surface. The durability of the surface layers is mainly reflected in the color saturation and resistance to mechanical damage. Therefore, the paper focuses on measuring the change in color and strength characteristics after 75 cycles of frost resistance. The measurement was performed on concrete samples colored with yellow, red and green powdered metal oxide-based pigments. Based on the results, we can concluded the frost resistance of colored concrete depends primarily on the type of pigment used.
The Influence of Metal Coping Design on Fracture Resistance of Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal Crown
Authors: Volvina Maria , Sumarsongko Taufik , Firman Deddy
Published: September 2022

The porcelain-fused-to-metal crown is the most popular indirect restoration in dentistry due to its high fracture resistance and low cost. However, unaesthetic labial margin is unacceptable to patients. Metal collar causes dark discoloration, which is worsened by gingival recession. Modification in metal collar coping has been developed to combine high fracture resistance of metal and high aesthetic of porcelain. Modification in crown fabrication including structure and composition of both nickel chromium alloy and feldspathic porcelain; application of self-cured resin cement and digital method; is meant to improve aesthetics without compromising fracture resistance. This study was an experimental laboratory research to evaluate fracture resistance of porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns with different metal coping designs. A total of 20 samples were used and divided into 4 groups according to different coping designs: (1). full metal collar; (2). full metal collarless; (3). modified metal collarless with 1.5 mm reduction; (4). modified metal collarless with 2 mm reduction. Universal Testing Machine (LRXPlus, Lloyd) was used to measure fracture resistance of all crowns. Average fracture resistance value for group 1 was 988.42 N; Group 2 was 1180.15 N; Group 3 was 1089.47 N; Group 4 was 1202.61 N. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a difference in fracture resistance among porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns with different coping designs, although the value was not statistically significant. The higher coping reduction at labial margin, the higher the fracture resistance and standard deviation.
Near UV and Visible Region Photoluminescence Curves Study for AlN Thin Film and AlN Nanopowder
Authors: Hussain Syed Sajjad , Huda Noor Ul , Jawaid Amatul Saboor , Arooj Rabia , Khan Mohsin , Fatima Zain , Rehman Nabi Ur , Iqbal Qaisar , Sandhu Rashid Ali , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad
Published: September 2022

Well dispersed Aluminum Nitride (AlN) nanopowder and AlN thin film were compared to observe their structural and luminescence properties. AlN thin films were deposited on silicon and copper substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. PL peaks analysis indicated the same pattern of emission peaks over different excitation wavelengths ranging from 200 nm to 300 nm for both the AlN nanopowder and thin film, nearly 100 -1000 times PL increment observed in AlN nanopowder. It is suggested that the reason for PL of AlN material is due to surface defects and impurities like oxygen-related point defects (O+N), nitrogen vacancies (VN), the transition from the donor level of VN (nitrogen-vacancy) to the acceptor level of AlN (antisites defects), and various defect complexes (V3-Al – 3 O+N) are responsible for the enhanced observed emission peaks. With well-defined emission curves, AlN Nanopowder and thin films are observed to be good substrate and insulator material for microelectronic circuits, Light Emitting Diodes, Laser Diodes, and in biomedical applications such as bioimaging and biosensors.
An Adsorbent Based on Humic Acid-Like and Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Efficient Pollutant Removal from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Basuki Rahmat , Rusdiarso Bambang , Santosa Sri Juari , Siswanta Dwi
Published: September 2022

Adsorbents from green and sustainable source are highly desirable for practical applications. In this study, humic acid-like substance extracted from dry horse dung powder and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were adopted to fabricate a composite immobilized on magnetic precipitates of magnetite. The as-prepared adsorbent, denoted as CMC-MHDHA, was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (TEM and SEM-EDX), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibration sample magnometer (VSM). Application to the synthetic wastewater of Pb (II) and Rhodamine B (RhB), a high Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of 63.38 and 42.78 mg/g was achieved over CMC-MHDHA, respectively. The fabricated adsorbent was also demonstrating quick and easy retraction of pollutant-loaded adsorbent by an external magnet with the magnetic strength of 40.7 emu/g. Based on the estimated free adsorption energy of Dubinin-Radusckevich (D-R) isotherm model, the adsorption interaction of both Pb (II) (9.76 kJ/mol) and RhB (12.39 kJ/mol) with CMC-MHDHA was mainly occurred by ion exchange mechanism. Adsorption rate analysis at the initial adsorbate concentration ranged from 50 to 400 mg/L of both Pb (II) and RhB showed that the rapid adsorption generally occurs in early 20 minutes then slow down and reaches equilibrium after 180 minutes. The Ho (pseudo second order) kinetics model represent appropriately the adsorption of both Pb (II) and RhB onto the adsorbent. The developed adsorbent is also reusable with 72.3% of stability in pH 11. Therefore, the adsorbent of CMC-MHDHA is suggested to be a promising candidate for adsorption applications.
Photodegradation of Reactive Blue 4 Using Suspension of Anatase-Titanium Dioxide and Corn Cob
Authors: Bahari Shariena Shamsul , Lian Yuen Mei , Ramli Ros Azlinawati , Ling Lee Siew
Published: September 2022

Textile dyeing often employs reactive dyes. The dye wastewater contains hazardous materials and is toxic to humans and the environment. Photodegradation using a semiconductor photocatalyst is a promising alternative approach for water purification and wastewater treatment. However, the photocatalyst’s low adsorption ability is a problem in the photocatalysis process. To compensate for this shortcoming, photocatalyst content must be combined with an adsorbent. Raw corn cob and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were used in this photocatalysis. Due to a synergistic impact, raw corn cob’s ability to adsorb and titanium dioxide’s ability to photodegrade organic pollutants from water bodies is expected to boost the removal performance. The degradation of Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) as a targeted dye was carried out in this research using a suspended mixture of commercial anatase TiO2 and raw corn cob under UV light. The effect of initial pH solution, initial dye concentration and contact time, TiO2-corn cob dosages, and the influence of other pollutants were investigated as factors influencing photodegradation-adsorption of RB4. The high removal rate of RB4 was obtained at a low pH of 2 and RB4 concentration of 40 ppm. The increased dose of TiO2-corn cob improved the RB4 dye removal performance. In conclusion, combining photodegradation and adsorption systems as a hybrid treatment method resulted in a synergistic increase in the efficiency of RB4 removal.
Experimental Testing Results of a Timber Structure's Fire Resistance in a Combustion Chamber
Authors: Žajdlík Tomáš , Šuhajda Karel
Published: September 2022

Timber is one of the most basic building materials. Even if timber has positive technical properties, there are still many limitations to use wooden building elements in the Czech Republic. It’s necessary to fulfil requirements of normative regulations and prove the required properties before using timber structures in buildings. This paper presents the results of laboratory experimental testing on a timber frame structure. The experiment is based on fire resistance testing in the combustion chamber. The article is also focused on the comparison of types of board edge joints and their influence on fire resistance. The measured data are also compared with fire tests according to normative regulations. The tested structure was classified based on the limit states of fire resistance.
Enhanced Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Sustainable Biochar Derived from Rice Straw Digestate
Authors: Ezz Hani , Ibrahim Mona G. , Fujii Manabu , Nasr Mahmoud
Published: September 2022

The bioconversion of biomass-based feedstocks to carbonaceous adsorbents is considered a cost-effective and environmentally friendly route for pollutant removal from wastewater. This study focused on preparing biochar from the pyrolysis of digestate of anaerobically processed rice straw, namely digested rice straw biochar (DRSB). The DRSB material was employed as an adsorbent to eliminate methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption mechanism was illustrated regarding DRSB characterization via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) related surface morphology and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) associated surface functional groups. The effect of adsorption factors (solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage) on the MB removal efficiency was investigated. The optimum adsorption pH value was 7, achieving MB removal efficiency of 92.98% using adsorbent dosage = 6 g/L and initial MB concentration = 20 mg/L, within 60 min. The experimental data fitted well onto the Langmuir (R2= 0.94) and Freundlich (R2= 0.99) adsorption isotherm models. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was estimated as 18.90 mg/g and the Freundlich intensity parameter (1/n) was derived as 0.58, indicating the favorability of MB adsorption onto DRSB. Adsorption kinetics were also tested and explained using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, suggesting the contribution of both chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms for MB uptake. The synthesis of DRSB revealed a feasible economic adsorbent with a total cost of 0.3022 US$/kg. This study depicted that the utilization of digested residues resulting from the anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes for preparing biochar adsorbent would be considered for the real application of dye-laden textile wastewater treatment.
Corrosion of Zinc Dust in Cement Paste - Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Evolution Time Period
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Prodanovic Nikola , Topolář Libor , Pazdera Luboš , Kusák Ivo
Published: September 2022

Presented paper studies corrosion kinetics of zinc dust in cement paste using acoustic emission and impedance spectroscopy (measurement of electric resistance of compact samples) method. The focus is on determination of hydrogen evolution period and its effect on porous structure of cement paste. Results more or less confirm results of other authors that the corrosion products of zinc are unable to efficiently fill the pores forming due to hydrogen. Time period of hydrogen evolution - cathodic corrosion reaction of zinc in alkaline environment of cement paste can be up to several days long. Keywords: hot-dip galvanized reinforcement, corrosion of zinc dust, acoustic emission method, hydrogen evolution, porosity of cement paste, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Influence of Physical and Chemical Stress on the Properties of CIPP Pipes Based on Vinyl Ester
Authors: Hodul Jakub , Mészárosová Lenka , Majerová Jana
Published: September 2022

Cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) is one of the trenchless sewer rehabilitation methods for repairing sewer pipe using different types of resin, curing technology and reinforced polymer fiber. In the research described in this article, the chemical and temperature resistance of CIPP pipes based on vinyl ester resin, cured with hot water, were tested. The specimens of the CIPP pipes were exposed to a chemically aggressive environment and an elevated temperature, namely 20% sulfuric acid (pH = 1) and a temperature of 50°C. The samples were tested every month for short-term flexural properties as well as hardness. Changes of the flexural properties and hardness were compared with reference samples that were stored under laboratory conditions (23±0,5°C, relative humidity 50% ±10%). It was found out that the applied aggressive environment does not have a negative impact on the mechanical properties of the CIPP pipes based on vinyl ester resin even after long-term exposure. Furthermore, the influence of the aggressive environment on the microstructure of CIPP samples was monitored by digital optical microscopy.
Possible replacement of augmenting medication in treatment-resistant depression by transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Vaishampayan Anita , Saad Bassem , Amarasinghe Daniel , Carly Brin , Balon Richard , Nicholas Mischel
Published: September 2022

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for depression. As the left prefrontal cortex activity is linked to depression, rTMS induces blood flow in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We used rTMS in a middle-aged male patient with depression who had discontinued psychostimulant medication over a 12-month period. He had been consistently taking dextroamphetamine-amphetamine extended release 30 mg once daily prior to the onset of rTMS treatment. The patient achieved depression remission through 39 sessions of high-frequency left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS treatments. We assessed disease progression using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and we measured blood pressure before each session of rTMS. After tapering the dextroamphetamine-amphetamine extended release from 30 mg to 10 mg, the patient's score on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology increased slightly to 7 and then dropped to 0. The results indicate that interval rTMS can lower blood pressure and may be an alternative to adjunctive psychostimulants.
The weekend effect on mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Taylor Blake E. S. , Patel Smit , Hilden Patrick , Otite Fadar Oliver , Lee Kiwon , Gupta Gaurav , Khandelwal Priyank
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES:

As hospitals rapidly implement mechanical thrombectomy (MT) into stroke protocols following the pivotal trials in 2015, access to and outcomes from MT may be poorer for weekend-admitted patients. We sought to investigate whether a “weekend effect” influences MT outcomes nationally.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We identified stroke patients from 2010–2014 (pre-trials) to 2015–2017 (posttrials) using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. On multivariate analyses, we determined factors independently associated with receiving MT. Among MT patients, we then determined whether weekend admission was independently associated with inpatient mortality and unfavorable discharge.

RESULTS:

We identified 2,121,462 patients from 2010 to 2014, of whom 1.11% of weekday-admitted and 1.08% of weekend-admitted patients underwent MT. Of the 1,286,501 patients identified from 2015 to 2017, MT was performed in 2.82% and 2.91%, respectively. In the earlier cohort, weekend admission was independently associated with reduced odds of MT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–0.95, P < 0.0001), although this was not statistically significant in the later cohort. During both periods, age >80 years was independently associated with a reduced likelihood of receiving MT, and status as a teaching or large bed-size hospital was associated with a greater likelihood. Weekend admission was independently associated with unfavorable discharge only in the 2015–2017 cohort (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.22, P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:

While nationwide access to MT has improved for weekend-admitted patients, the elderly and those at smaller, nonteaching hospitals remain underserved. Although we found no effect of weekend admission on inpatient mortality, since the major shift in practice, an emerging “weekend effect” may influence discharge outcomes. Data suggest that some hospitals are being challenged to provide this new standard of care efficiently and equitably.
Look Before You Leap: When ITB Pumps Fail
Authors: Sankaran Ravi , Varun Greeshma
Published: September 2022

A 32-year-old male presented with uncontrolled hip flexor spasms. He suffered a spinal cord injury and was put on an intrathecal baclofen pump. Despite escalating doses, his spasticity was not controlled. On further investigation, femur neck fractures were found. One should find all the triggers for spasticity before inserting a pump.
Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Block in Knee Osteoarthritis with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Rathore Rajshree , Joshi Mrinal , Saharan Anchin , Agrawal Himanshu
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis(OA) remains one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. It was thought to be a non-inflammatory, wear and tear disorder, but recent studies have suggested the presence of a neuropathic pain component. Genicular nerve block has emerged as a new intervention to manage the neuropathic component of pain in knee OA.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective, hospital-based descriptive interventional study. Persons having OA with neuropathic pain component were identified using PainDETECT scale. We randomised the participants meeting the inclusion criteria into two groups. In the study group with thirty participants, we performed an ultrasound-guided triple-site genicular nerve block. The control group of equal size underwent conservative management. Participants were assessed using PainDETECT scale, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks.

Results:

In the study group, PainDETECT score decreased from 24.93±1.99 at baseline to 8.07±2.97 at 2weeks and 7.9±2.87 at 4weeks. WOMAC significantly improved in the study group from 94.27±8.35 to 48.43±10.14 at 4weeks. VAS score also decreased in the study group from 9.2±0.71 to 4.73±1.44 at 2weeks and 4.53±1.28 at 4weeks. The control group also showed a significant decrease in PainDETECT score from 24.13±1.17 to 12.07±1.36 at 4weeks. However, a decrease in VAS score(from 9.13±0.68 to 7.67±0.67 at 4weeks) and WOMAC(from 97±4.49 to 88.5±4.93 at 4weeks) was less significant.

Conclusion:

Genicular nerve block provides significant pain relief and improved functional outcome in OA knee with neuropathic pain component. Furthermore, it is more effective than conservative management.
Relationship between Digit Ratio of 2D
Authors: Chen Tongjun , Xiang Jianmei , Teng Shaokang , Huang Zhongqing , Li Xiaoliang , Huang Liping , Chen Huihua , Luo Baoying
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Studying the association between finger length ratios of 2D:4D and the physical health among college students of Han ethnicity in Southern Fujian can provide an indirect macrobiology reference index for early predictions of physical health status.

Material and Methods:

A total of 835 students in Southern Fujian were selected as test subjects through a stratified cluster sampling method. The 2D:4D ratio was recorded using physical measurement methods. The body mass index (BMI), vital capacity, 50-m run, and sit-and-reach test results were collected and analyzed based on the National Student's Health Standards.

Results:

Among male Han college students in Southern Fujian, the left 2D:4D ratio was negatively correlated with the vital capacity and sit-and-reach test results, while the right 2D:4D ratio was negatively correlated with the vital capacity, 50-m run, and sit-and-reach test results, as well as the comprehensive evaluation result of physical health. Among female Han college students in Southern Fujian, the left 2D:4D ratio was positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with the vital capacity, 50-m run, and 800-m run results, as well as the comprehensive evaluation result of physical health. The right 2D:4D ratio was negatively correlated with the vital capacity, 50-m run, 800-m run, and sit-and-reach test results, as well as the comprehensive evaluation results of physical health. The comprehensive evaluation results of physical health were statistically significant differences among low, medium, and high bilateral 2D:4D groups of female students, with poorer results in the high 2D:4D group than that of the medium and low 2D:4D groups.

Discussion and Conclusion:

The bilateral 2D:4D ratio of female and right 2D:4D ratio of male Han college students in Southern Fujian has a correlation with the comprehensive evaluation of physical health, which can serve as one of the reference indexes for adolescents' early health education, physical health monitoring, dietary intervention, and athlete selection.
Carotid Intima–Media Thickness
Authors: Khatri Garima , Singh Mohan , Bika Sunita , Joshi Khushboo , Swami Nirmala
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally, with more than 85% of deaths from stroke occurring in developing countries. It is also reported as the major sequel of head and neck irradiation and has not received the attention it deserves. The contribution of various risk factors to the burden of stroke worldwide is unknown, particularly in countries of low and middle income. We aimed to establish the association of known and emerging risk factors, the carotid intima–media thickness (IMT), with stroke in postradiotherapy patients with head and neck malignancies, also aimed to establish whether carotid IMT (cIMT) is an independent risk factor to predict future stroke.

Material and Methods:

The study recruited 501 subjects. 151 irradiated patients with head and neck malignancy, formed case group. Three hundred and fifty nonirradiated apparently healthy controls formed control group. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups on the basis of gender and presence or absence of classical atherogenic risk factors, i.e. totally 8 groups were structured. All subjects were measured for their cIMT by color Doppler, b-mode ultrasonography and were also made to complete a questionnaire to assess other cardiovascular risk factors. The Framingham score system was used to predict probability of stroke.

Results:

Study described higher values of cIMT and total points for risk factors in cases than in controls and the difference was again statistically significant (P = 0.0001).

Discussion and Conclusion:

CIMT clearly indicated to act as an independent risk factor to predict stroke and is suggested to be worked on to be incorporated in the Framingham score.
Variations of the Circle of Willis Determined Via Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Ðevukaj Mimoza , Nosek Igor , Vuković Miloš , Kozić Duško
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

The circle of Willis (CoW) represents the collateral pathway between large brain-feeding arteries, the knowledge of which is important in interventional and neurosurgical procedures, in the diagnosis and planning of procedures in acute stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aim:

The study aims to determine the prevalence of variations of the CoW in patients from Serbia via magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Material and Methods:

The study was conducted as a retrospective study at the Center for Imaging Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. Magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed in 665 patients of both sexes (471 females and 194 males), who underwent MRA during 2018 and 2019.

Results:

Complete CoW was found in 48.42% of cases, mostly in females (68.01%). Partially complete CoW and incomplete CoW were encountered in 38.05% and 13.55% of patients, mostly in females (73.52% and 73.33%). Anterior circulation variations were seen in 27.41% of cases, higher in females (63.83%), most commonly A1 anterior cerebral artery hypoplasia (9.32%). Posterior circulation variations were seen in 46.36% of cases, higher in females (79.25%), most commonly posterior communicating (PCom) artery hypoplasia (25.56%). Combined variations were seen in 26.24% of patients, with higher prevalence in females (73.33%). The prevalence of variations of posterior circulation between male and female patients was statistically significant (P = 0.007) and was higher in females.

Discussion and Conclusion:

This study showed that the most common variations were that of the posterior circulation, most commonly PCom artery hypoplasia. Complete CoW was found in <50% of cases (48.42%).
Virtual portraits from rotating selfies
Authors: Lee Yongsik , Jang Jinhyuk , Yang Seungjoon
Published: September 2022

Selfies are a popular form of photography. However, due to physical constraints, the compositions of selfies are limited. We present algorithms for creating virtual portraits with interesting compositions from a set of selfies. The selfies are taken at the same location while the user spins around. The scene is analyzed using multiple selfies to determine the locations of the camera, subject, and background. Then, a view from a virtual camera is synthesized. We present two use cases. After rearranging the distances between the camera, subject, and background, we render a virtual view from a camera with a longer focal length. Following that, changes in perspective and lens characteristics caused by new compositions and focal lengths are simulated. Second, a virtual panoramic view with a larger field of view is rendered, with the user's image placed in a preferred location. In our experiments, virtual portraits with a wide range of focal lengths were obtained using a device equipped with a lens that has only one focal length. The rendered portraits included compositions that would be photographed with actual lenses. Our proposed algorithms can provide new use cases in which selfie compositions are not limited by a camera's focal length or distance from the camera.
Human body model electrostatic discharge tester using metal oxide semiconductor‐controlled thyristors
Authors: Jung Dong Yun , Park Kun Sik , Kim Sang In , Kwon Sungkyu , Cho Doo Hyung , Jang Hyun Gyu , Won Jongil , Lim Jong‐Won
Published: September 2022

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing for human body model tests is an essential part of the reliability evaluation of electronic/electrical devices and components. However, global environmental concerns have called for the need to replace the mercury‐wetted relay switches, which have been used in ESD testers. Therefore, herein, we propose an ESD tester using metal oxide semiconductor‐controlled thyristor (MCT) devices with a significantly higher rising rate of anode current (di/dt) characteristics. These MCTs, which have a breakdown voltage beyond 3000 V, were developed through an in‐house foundry. As a replacement for the existing mercury relays, the proposed ESD tester with the developed MCT satisfies all the requirements stipulated in the JS‐001 standard for conditions at or below 2000 V. Moreover, unlike traditional relays, the proposed ESD tester does not generate resonance; therefore, no additional circuitry is required for resonant removal. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed ESD tester is the first study to meet the JS‐001 specification by applying a new switch instead of an existing mercury‐wetted relay.
REVISÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DIRETO EM ANUROS: A EVOLUÇÃO DE UMA ESTRATÉGIA REPRODUTIVA
Authors: Fontana Rodrigo Barbosa , Both Camila , Hartz Sandra Maria
Published: September 2022

Anfíbios são conhecidos por apresentar a maior diversidade reprodutiva dentre os tetrápodes. Dentre os modos reprodutivos, um dos mais especializados é o desenvolvimento direto dos ovos terrestres, caracterizado pela ausência da fase larval (girino) e do processo de metamorfose. A evolução dessa estratégia reprodutiva vem sendo bastante discutida e ainda merece destaque, principalmente por ajudar a esclarecer os mecanismos envolvidos na independência de ambientes aquáticos para a reprodução do grupo, bem como para os vertebrados em geral. Neste trabalho, através de uma revisão sistemática, investigamos 15 artigos, buscando identificar e esclarecer as principais hipóteses e forças seletivas ecológicas que guiaram a evolução do desenvolvimento direto em anfíbios anuros. Nossos resultados, apontam especialmente os fatores bióticos (ex: predação e a competição), seguidos pelos fatores abióticos (ex: condições ambientais e climáticas) como os principais promotores da diversificação reprodutiva e evolução do desenvolvimento direto em anuros. Poucos trabalhos de fato testaram essas hipóteses, sendo esses geralmente realizados em escalas espaciais reduzidas, com poucas linhagens ou considerando os fatores isolados. Assim, destacamos a importância de futuros trabalhos que testem efetivamente o papel dos potenciais promotores ecológicos do surgimento e da evolução do desenvolvimento direto em anuros, principalmente levando em consideração diferentes regiões, escalas espaciais maiores e um maior númerode clados dentro do grupo.
INSETOS AQUÁTICOS BIOINDICADORES DE MUDANÇAS DE USO DA TERRA NO PARÁ, BRASIL: EVIDÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Brasil Leandro Schlemmer , Oliveira-Junior José Max Barbosa , Shimano Yulie , Dias-Silva Karina , Juen Leandro
Published: September 2022

Esta revisão teve como objetivo avaliar o histórico da utilização de alguns grupos de Insetos Aquáticos como bioindicadores de alteração ambiental no estado do Pará, assim como discutir as perspectivas futuras dessa temática à luz das novas tecnologias. Verificou-se consideráveis avanços no uso das Ordens Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera e Odonata para monitorar a qualidade ambiental de riachos impactados por diversas atividades antrópicas. Os impactos ambientais mais proeminentes são oriundos de atividades como pecuária, agricultura, mineração, extração de madeira e urbanização. Além dos tradicionais métodos de estudos de espécies indicadoras, constatou-se que o uso de mudanças na estrutura das comunidades, em facetas como a riqueza de espécies, abundância de indivíduos e diversidade beta para monitorar a qualidade ambiental foi eficiente. Em perspectivas futuras, precisa-se conhecer melhor a biologia das espécies para que aspectos comportamentais e funcionais sejam utilizados conjuntamente com as medidas taxonômicas tradicionais para o monitoramento ambiental. Isso possibilitará uma visão mais completa de como os ecossistemas aquáticos são afetados, permitindo o planejamento de medidas mais eficazes de monitoramento e de mitigação dos impactos provocados pelas alterações ambientais na biodiversidade aquática, em especial dos insetos.
Dual Transfer Function Approach to Analyze Low Frequency Brake Noise without Comprehending Friction Behavior in Advance
Authors: Lee Heewook , Zhang Qijun , Lowe Brent
Published: September 2022

Analyzing low frequency brake noise (< 300Hz) has been challenging due to the difficulty associated with calculating dynamic friction behavior and its multiple structure-borne noise transfer paths. In theory, it is possible to simulate sound pressure level inside the cabin by calculating a transfer function between friction excitation, which is on the interface between rotor and pads, and cabin acoustic response, and by multiplying dynamic friction force at the rotor-pad interface to that transfer function. However, calculating the dynamic friction forces when brake noise occurs has been one of the most challenging research topics in the brake community. This paper describes a novel concept to simulate sound pressure level inside the cabin without knowing the dynamic friction forces at the rotor-pad interface in advance. It becomes possible by dividing the transfer function into two separate steps: between the dynamic friction excitation at the rotor-pads and acceleration on caliper, and between the dynamic friction excitation at the rotor-pads and pressure response inside the cabin. The acoustic transfer function and the acceleration transfer function cancel out the need of knowing the friction excitation forces. The acceleration on the caliper is what is needed to calculate the sound pressure level along with those two transfer functions, and it is straightforward to collect/calculate the caliper acceleration than calculating/measuring the dynamic friction forces at the rotor-pads interface. Assessing the risk of low frequency brake noise based on actual acoustic response rather than indirect indicators like vibration or instability becomes a reality using this novel approach. The method has been proven that it captures the brake noise below 300Hz well when the noise is relatively pure-tone and quasi-transient.
Better Understanding Factors of Impact on Brake System Corner Performance
Authors: Chew Peter , Flight Jacob , Kula Peter , Divakaruni Saikiran , Lin Bruce
Published: September 2022

The automotive industry continues to focus heavily on new electrified mobility strategies. Whether this electrified mobility consists of battery electric vehicles or electrified brake boost systems, there is a level of system sensitivity which presents new challenges throughout the industry during development of a new product. Most specifically in brake system development, much of the critical performance targets that have come along with electrification are cascaded down to the vehicle corner and its component performance. These corner level requirements have transformed to be more stringent in order to improve the overall system efficiency. It is important that the factors which lead to less than desirable performance are identified and understood. Some of the factors that influence the brake system corner performance are driven by multiple components, and this paper will go into identifying & explaining the following.

Fluid Displacement Performance/Requirements

a
Potential Factors of Impact in Testing ie:

i
Compressibility/Hot Compressibility

ii
Bedding

iii
Rotor Coning

iv
Taper Wear

Mu Differential Observation/Factors

a
Rotor Manufacturing process change

i
Machining insert change

ii
Turned to Ground

b
Dynamic

i
Dyno Cooling air direction differences

c
Static

d
Future Mobility Technology

i
Forward vs reverse direction/transfer layer
Concept Design of a Parking Brake Module for Standstill Management and Wheel Individual Brake Torque Generation for EVs with Unconventional Service Brake Topology
Authors: Loss Tobias , Peter Simon , Verhagen Armin , Görges Daniel
Published: September 2022

For electric vehicles the ability for regenerative braking reduces the use of friction brakes. Particularly on the rear axle of vehicles with reduced dynamic requirements such as urban vehicles, this can offer a potential for downsizing or, in extreme cases, even the elimination of the friction brakes on the rear axle. Due to the fact that the rear axle service brakes also represent the typical parking brake location in SoA (State-of-Art) vehicles, a rigorous rethinking of the parking brake concept is necessary to incorporate safe vehicle standstill management for such novel brake system topology. This research study introduces a novel parking brake design that covers SoA but also legal requirements while retaining potentials associated with the elimination of the rear service brakes such as cost and packaging. Also, the novel approach aims for a combination of traditional parking brake functionality and certain dynamic brake torques that are typically delivered by wheel individual service brake interventions. For instance, an uneven brake torque distribution to the wheels is desirable for accelerating on inhomogeneous road surfaces (μ-split situations), which is negatively affected by eliminating the service brakes. Beginning with a systematic comparison of multiple parking brake topologies that evaluates different locations for the parking brake in the driven axle’s powertrain, a promising approach is designed and dimensioned in detail.
Effect of graphene oxide nanoparticles on viability of BAP3 hybridoma cells
Authors: Lazarev S. S. , Bochkova M. S. , Timganova V. P. , Rayev M. B.
Published: September 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material, which is likely to find applications in the fields of medicine and biotechnology. However, the current knowledge of its influence on human organism is limited. Even less information is available on the effects of GO on the cell lines widely used in biotechnology. The aim of this work is to describe the interaction between GO nanoparticles and BAP3 hybridoma cells which produce anti-human-PSG1 IgG, in vitro. We studied the effect of GO nanoparticles on cell viability and the intensity of internalization (adhesion) of nanoparticles by the cells. We used GO nanoparticles of different size, with surface being functionalized by linear or branched PEG (GO-PEG). The PEG coating level was 20% (by mass). The following nanoparticle concentrations were used: 5 g/mL and 25 g/mL. The BAP3 cells were cultured in a 48-well cell culture plates in serum-free DCCM-1 media in the presence of GO nanoparticles. The cells were cultured for 24 hours at 37 С and 5% СО2. Cell viability was assessed by a flow cytometer utilizing Zombie Aqua (ZA) staining. Internalization (adhesion) of nanoparticles was monitored using a flow cytometer by GO fluorescense in the samples (ex = 488 nm). Moreover, interactions between hybridoma cells and GO nanoparticles were visualized by EVOS M5000 visualization system, which included an inverted fluorescent microscope.

We demonstrated that GO nanoparticles possess a cytotoxic effect when applied at high concentration (25 g/mL). The highest cytotoxic effect is caused by GO nanoparticles coated with linear PEG. The degree of nanoparticle internalization (adhesion) was shown to be significantly lower when the particles were present at lower (5 g/mL) concentration. Internalization (adhesion) of nanoparticles of smaller size was more abundant. Furthermore, these nanoparticles were shown to have a stronger cytotoxic effect compared to larger particles. In general, cytotoxicity of GO nanoparticles decreases with increasing size, which is especially evident if the fact that the mean effective diameter of the nanoparticles coated with branched PEG is considered larger than their linear PEG-coated counterparts. The data obtained allow us to draw a correlation between the cytotoxic effect of GO nanoparticles and the level of their internalization (adhesion) by the cells. In general, this work concerns some novel aspects of interaction between GO nanoparticles and hybridoma cells.
Limited mutagenesis of myelokaryocytes following acute external irradiation as a protective mechanism of miliacin in radiation-induced immunosuppression
Authors: Sarycheva Yu. A. , Tokareva A. A. , Shechtman A. G. , Panfilova T. V. , Pimenova Yu. S. , Mitrofanov R. A. , Frolov B. A.
Published: September 2022

Antimutagenic effect of the plant triterpenoid miliacin was studied, in order to characterize its protective properties in a model of acute irradiation immunosuppression using outbred male mice. Ionizing irradiation at different doses (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 Gy) was used for experimental (miliacin-treated), and control animals that received the miliacin solvent. Miliacin was administered three times intraperitoneally at a single dose of 4.0 mg/kg with 24-hour intervals between injections. The last dose was applied 1 day before irradiation. Myelokaryocytes served as test objects, the analysis of which was carried out 24 hours after irradiation. Miliacin had a certain protective effect by limiting the post-radiation myeloablation, reducing the number of aberrant cells and the total number of aberrations. Protective effect of triterpenoids showed inverse relation to the radiation dose, being most pronounced at the dose of 0.5 Gy. Higher values of chromatid aberrations at radiation doses of 1.0 and 2.0 Gy in animals from the experimental group versus control mice, probably, due to anti-apoptotic effect of the triterpenoid, thus ensuring higher survival rates of mutated cells with severe damage to their genome. The protective effect of miliacin at 24 hours after radiation exposure may indicate its effect on the primary radiochemical stage of radiation injury. It is suggested that the mechanism of protective action of triterpenoid is mediated by its previously shown antioxidant activity, due to its ability to stabilize membranes and normalize expression of genes encoding antioxidant protection enzymes. Thus, the antimutagenic activity of miliacin after irradiation is an important characteristic of its immunoprotective effect during the radiation-induced immunosuppression. With respect to its ability to limit the mutagenic effect, miliacin may be classified as a weak radioprotective antimutagen with a protection efficiency of 20-40% at the dose range of 0.5 to 1.0 Gray.
PreMSat: Preventing Magnetic Saturation Attack on Hall Sensors
Authors: Barua Anomadarshi , Al Faruque Mohammad Abdullah
Published: September 2022

Spoofing a passive Hall sensor with fake magnetic fields can inject false data into the downstream of connected systems. Several works have tried to provide a defense against the intentional spoofing to different sensors over the last six years. However, they either only work on active sensors or against externally injected unwanted weak signals (e.g., EMIs, acoustics, ultrasound, etc.), which can only spoof sensor output in its linear region. However, they do not work against a strong magnetic spoofing attack that can drive the passive Hall sensor output in its saturation region. We name this as the saturation attack. In the saturation region, the output gets flattened, and no information can be retrieved, resulting in a denial-of-service attack on the sensor.Our work begins to fill this gap by providing a defense named PreMSat against the saturation attack on passive Hall sensors. The core idea behind PreMSat is that it cangenerate an internal magnetic field having the same strength but in opposite polarity to external magnetic fields injected by an attacker. Therefore, the generated internal magnetic field by PreMSat can nullify the injected external field while preventing: (i) intentional spoofing in the sensor’s linear region, and (ii) saturation attack in the saturation region. PreMSat integrates a low-resistance magnetic path to collect the injected external magnetic fields and utilizes a finely tuned PID controller to nullify the external fields in real-time. PreMSat can prevent the magnetic saturation attack having a strength up to ∼4200 A-t within a frequency range of 0 Hz–30 kHz with low cost (∼$14), whereas the existing works cannot prevent saturation attacks with any strength. Moreover, it works against saturation attacks originating from any type, such as constant, sinusoidal, and pulsating magnetic fields. We did over 300 experiments on ten different industry-used Hall sensors from four different manufacturers to prove the efficacy of PreMSat and found that the correlation coefficient between the signals before the attack and after the attack is greater than 0.94 in every test case. Moreover, we create a prototype of PreMSat and evaluate its performance in a practical system — a grid-tied solar inverter. We find that PreMSat can satisfactorily prevent the saturation attack on passive Hall sensors in real-time.
Nephrotoxic Evaluation of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Dialium guineense in Normal Wistar Rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria., O.D. Abu
Published: September 2022

The present study investigated the nephrotoxic effect of aqueous extract of Dialium guineense stem bark in normal Wistar albino rats. Thirty-five male rats were used. Graded doses of the extract ranging from 200 to 5000 mg/kg body weight, bwt, were administered to the test rats daily for twenty-eight days. The control rats received distilled water. Thereafter plasma levels of creatinine, urea, electrolytes and urease activity were determined. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of the measured renal parameters, when compared with control group (p > 0.05). These results appear to suggest that the extract may be safe at concentrations not exceeding 5000 mg/kg bwt. However, further studies spanning several months may be necessary.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, KOMUNIKASI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR SEKRETARIAT DPRD KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MERANTI BAGIAN HUMAS DAN PROTOKOLER
Authors: A Gafur A Gafur , Prasetyo Indra , Utari Woro
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether work discipline, communication and motivation affect the performance of the employees of the Secretariat Office of the Meranti Islands Regency Public Relations and Protocol Section. The population and sample in this study were all employees of the Secretariat Office of the Meranti Islands Regency DPRD, Public Relations and Protocol Section, totaling 37 people. The sampling technique in this research is total sampling. Multiple regression analysis was used for several independent influence variables on one dependent variable with a linear model. The results showed that work discipline, communication, motivation and performance of the employees of the Secretariat Office of the Meranti Islands Regency DPRD, Public Relations and Protocol Section, were all in good condition. Work discipline has a significant positive effect on performance, communication has a significant positive effect on performance and motivation has a significant positive effect on the performance of the employees of the DPRD Secretariat Office, Meranti Islands Regency, Public Relations and Protocol Section.
PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME DAN MORALITAS PELAKSANA WERVING TERHADAP KUALITAS TAMTAMA PRAJURIT KARIR TNI ANGKATAN LAUT
Authors: Tristiawan Heri , Yoedistira Aria
Published: September 2022

This research was conducted to determine the effect of professionalism and morality of werving implementers on the quality of the TNI AL's primary career soldiers. This study uses a quantitative method, where the data collected is analyzed in stages starting from the validity and reliability tests of the instruments of professionalism and morality and the quality of the recruitment results, then followed by a normality test using the Kolomogorov-Smirnov test method. The data were obtained from questionnaires of 54 Lapetal personnel. The results of this study using SPSS-25 concluded that the professionalism of werving executors was 18.4% and the morality of the werving implementers had an effect of 6.7% on the quality of the recruits for enlisted soldiers of the Navy's career soldiers. That is, simultaneously the professionalism and morality of the werving implementers has an effect value of 26.4% on the quality of the enlisted recruitment results of the Navy's career soldiers, the remaining 73.6% is influenced by other factors that are not examined.
ТАРИХ ДАРСИГА БЎЛГАН ЗАМОНАВИЙ ТАЛАБЛАР
Authors: Ҳамидова Рислиғой
Published: September 2022

Мақолада тарих дарси ва унга бўлган замонавий талаблар ҳамда дарс жараёнида ўқувчилар фаолиятига дифференциал ёндашиш ва унинг асосий жиҳатлари илмий жиҳатдан таҳлил қилинган.
Основные характеристики коллизионных отношений в сети Интернет сновные характеристики коллизионных отношений в сети Интернет
Authors: Мухитдинов Жахонгир
Published: September 2022

В данной статье рассматривается влияние сети Интернет на коллизионные нормы, установленные в международном частном праве. Автором проводится анализ правовых проблем в связи с увеличением трансграничного взаимодействия с использованием сети Интернет.