bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keabsahan dan Akibat Hukum Perkawinan Penghayat Kepercayaan Pasca Terbitnya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/PUU-XIV/2016
Authors: Oktavihana Safirah , Prameswari Nindia Putri
Published: October 2021

Marriage is one of the process of human life as regulated in Article 28B paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and also regulated in Article 10 of the Human Rights Law. Marriages conducted by Believers are regulated and protected in the Adminduk Law and the implementing Government Regulations, but not accommodated in Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage which is the lex specialist of the regulations governing Marriage in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research method whose main object is the legal substance of legal protection for Believers on the basis of recognition of belief according to the mandate of the 1945 NRI Constitution, due to incomplete norms and exclusive interpretation of the meaning of the words “God Almighty” and “and trust that”. This research is expected to provide an understanding to stakeholders regarding the validity of marriages conducted by Believers and provide administrative legal protection to Believer. The Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016 provides legal solutions and protection for Believers for administrative legal arrangements that have not fully protected the existence of believers in the God Almighty. After the issuance of Constitutional Court’s decision, the marriage of Believers was recognized as a legal marriage and brought good legal consequences for their offspring.Keywords: Legal Protection; Believer; Marriage; Law of Administration.Perkawinan adalah salah satu proses kehidupan manusia yang diatur dalam Pasal 28B ayat (1) UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dan diatur pula dalam Pasal 10 UU HAM. Perkawinan yang dilakukan oleh Penghayat Kepercayaan diatur dan dilindungi dalam UU Adminduk dan Peraturan Pemerintah pelaksananya, namun tidak diakomodir dalam UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan yang merupakan lex specialis dari peraturan yang mengatur tentang Perkawinan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang obyek utamanya adalah substansi hukum atas perlindungan hukum bagi Penghayat Kepercayaan atas dasar pengakuan Kepercayaan sesuai amanat UUD NRI Tahun 1945, akibat kekuranglengkapan norma dan penafsiran eksklusif makna kata “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” dan “dan kepercayaannya itu”. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada para stakeholder terkait Keabsahan Perkawinan yang dilakukan oleh Penghayat Kepercayaan dan memberi perlindungan hukum secara administratif kepada Penghayat Kepercayaan. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/PUU-XIV/2016 hadir memberikan solusi dan perlindungan hukum bagi Penghayat Kepercayaan atas pengaturan hukum administratif yang belum sepenuhnya melindungi dari keberadaan pemeluk Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan YME. Pasca terbitnya Putusan MK tersebut, perkawinan Penghayat Kepercayaan diakui sebagai perkawinan yang sah dan membawa akibat hukum yang baik bagi anak turunannya. Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Penghayat Kepercayaan; Perkawinan; Hukum Administrasi.
Inkonsistensi Pengaturan Kewenangan Pembuatan Risalah Lelang oleh Notaris
Authors: Al Qindy Fatria Hikmatiar
Published: October 2021

Notary is a general official authorized to make authentic deed, one of which is making the deed of auction document in accordance with the Notary Position Act, but in other provisions, the Auction Regulation states that the authorized to make the deed of auction is the Auction Officer which raises the issue of who is authorized to make the deed of the auction minutes. This study aims to find out the legal consequences if the notary makes the minutes of auction document and the authority of the notary in making the deed of the auction according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to the Notary Position Act. This research is a normative research, the approach used is the legislation approach and conceptual approach. Based on the results of this study that the authorized to make the auction minutes is the Auction Officer not a Notary but the Notary can make the auction minutes if the notary concurrently serves as an Auction Officer, namely as Class II Auction Officer. Notary makes the deed of auction document in his capacity as an Auction Officer not as a Notary, then the legal consequence if the Notary makes the deed of auction document is the deed is null and void, the cancellation is done through the court and if any party is harmed by the deed, the Notary can be sued for an act against the law which is a compensation claim.Keywords: Notary; Minutes of Auction; Auction Officer.Notaris adalah pejabat umum yang berwenang untuk membuat akta autentik salah satunya adalah membuat akta risalah lelang sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris, namun dalam ketentuan lain yakni Peraturan Lelang menyebutkan bahwa yang berwenang membuat akta risalah lelang adalah Pejabat Lelang sehingga menimbulkan masalah siapakah yang berwenang untuk membuat akta risalah lelang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum apabila notaris membuat akta risalah lelang dan kewenangan notaris dalam membuat akta risalah lelang menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini bahwa yang berwenang membuat risalah lelang adalah Pejabat Lelang bukan Notaris namun Notaris dapat membuat risalah lelang apabila notaris merangkap jabatan sebagai Pejabat Lelang yakni sebagai Pejabat Lelang Kelas II. Notaris membuat akta risalah lelang dalam kapasitasnya sebagai Pejabat Lelang bukan sebagai Notaris, kemudian akibat hukum apabila Notaris membuat akta risalah lelang adalah akta tersebut batal demi hukum yang pembatalannya dilakukan memalui pengadilan dan bila ada pihak yang dirugikan atas dibuatnya akta tersebut maka Notaris dapat digugat melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum yang merupakan gugatan ganti rugi.Kata Kunci: Notaris; Risalah Lelang; Pejabat Lelang.
Reregulating Indonesian Stock Buyback: A Lesson From United States
Authors: Alisyahdi Didik Farkhan , Rahman Diffaryza Zaki
Published: October 2021

This article compares the corporate income tax cuts enacted by the Indonesian COVID-19 Relief Law and the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. It investigates the correlation between the tax cuts in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, economic development, and share repurchases in the US. It seeks to identify appropriate limitations on share repurchases in Indonesia following the enactment of the COVID-19 Relief Law. This research was carried out using the juridical normative method by tracing the literature and laws concerning share repurchase arrangements in Indonesia and the US. The results show that there is a slight positive correlation between the reduction of corporate income tax and economic development in the US and that the US income tax cuts have caused significant growth in share repurchases. After the enactment of the Indonesian COVID-19 Relief Law, which also reduced corporate income taxes, Indonesia may be on the verge of extensive share repurchase activity, as occurred in the US. To tackle this problem, we recommend amending Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning limited liability companies to re-regulate the restriction on share repurchases.
Reform of Plan Termination in Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) in Indonesia
Authors: Putra Farih Romdoni
Published: October 2021

The bankruptcy law exists to ensure justice for both creditors and debtors. This research aims at identifying matters needed to be reformed in bankruptcy law in Indonesia to create justice for creditors and debtors. Specifically, this research focused on the provisions of the termination of a plan achieved from the suspension of debt payment obligations (“PKPU”). This research was conducted using a normative juridical research method with a conceptual and comparative approach. The author examined the bankruptcy laws in Indonesia, evaluated several cases of plan termination in PKPU occurring in Indonesia, and later compared the rules in the bankruptcy laws applied in the United States of America, Netherlands, and Singapore Results of this study indicated that the provisions for plan termination in the bankruptcy law do not protect the debtors’ interests. From the termination plan cases in Indonesia, it was also found that there were confusions in the bankruptcy law in Indonesia in which it did not provide legal certainty for both debtors and creditors. The comparison between the bankruptcy laws in Indonesia to the bankruptcy laws in the United States of America, Netherlands, and Singapore also shows that the reform of bankruptcy law in Indonesia needs to be carried out to create flexibility for the implementation of the plan. These findings are discussed further in this article.
The Existence of Public Information Commission Related to Public Information Disclosure Principles in Improving Public Services by the State
Authors: Setyawan Bambang
Published: October 2021

The free flow of information and ideas is a core part of any thought on democracy and is essential for the successful respect of human rights. It has the potential to cause human rights violations to occur in secret, there is no way to reveal a corrupt and inefficient government, and many other things. Based on this background, this research is based on the formulation of the problem 1) Philosophical Basis of Public Bodies as Public Information Providing Institutions in the Era of Public Information Openness; 2) Existence of the Information Commission as Administrator and Law Enforcer in Public Information Disclosure; 3) Public Entity's Liability Against Disputes Public Information From the Aspects of Administrative Law, Civil Law and Criminal Law. This research is a legal research (legal research). The approach in this research is a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The conclusions of this study include: Freedom of information is the spirit of democratization that offers freedom, but in this freedom the state can function itself effectively and efficiently without neglecting democratic principles. The effective enactment of the UU KIP in Indonesia starting April 30, 2010 opened a new era of public information disclosure in the country. The enactment of this law is part of the implementation of the spirit of transparency as the fulfillment of citizens' human rights to know public information (right to know) guaranteed by Article 28F of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Modelling Cabernet-Sauvignon wine sensory traits from spectrofluorometric data
Authors: Souza Gonzaga Lira , Bastian Susan E. P. , Capone Dimitra L. , Ranaweera Ranaweera K. R. , Jeffery David W.
Published: October 2021

Understanding how wine compositional traits can be related to sensory profiles is an important and ongoing challenge. Enhancing knowledge in this area could assist producers to select practices that deliver wines of the desired style and sensory specifications. This work reports the use of spectrofluorometry in conjunction with chemometrics for prediction, correlation, and classification based on sensory descriptors obtained using a rate-all-that-apply sensory assessment of Cabernet-Sauvignon wines (n = 26). Sensory results were first subjected to agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis, which separated the wines into five clusters represented by different sensory profiles. The clusters were modelled in conjunction with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) data from fluorescence measurements using extreme gradient boosting discriminant analysis. This machine learning technique was able to classify the wines into the pre-defined sensory clusters with 100 % accuracy. Parallel factor analysis of the EEMs identified four main fluorophore components that were tentatively assigned as catechins, phenolic aldehydes, anthocyanins, and resveratrol (C1, C2, C3, and C4, respectively). Association of these four components with different sensory descriptors was possible through multiple factor analysis, with C1 relating to ‘dark fruits’ and ‘savoury’, C2 with ‘barnyard’, C3 with ‘cooked vegetables’ and ‘vanilla/chocolate’, and C4 with ‘barnyard’ and a lack of C1 descriptors. Partial least squares regression modelling was undertaken with EEM data and sensory results, with a model for perceived astringency being able to predict the panel scores with 68.1 % accuracy. These encouraging outcomes pave the way for further studies that relate sensory traits to fluorescence data and move research closer to the ultimate goal of predicting wine sensory expression from a small number of compositional factors.
Cyclonic circulation and climatology of SST, CHL and wind stress curl in a semi-enclosed bay (Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California)
Authors: Beier Emilio , Castro Rubén , Godínez Víctor Manuel
Published: October 2021

The first direct current observations (with LADCP and surface drifters) in Bahía de La Paz, a bay in the southwestern Gulf of California (GC), concur with previous reports that the main dynamical feature during summer is a closed cyclonic circulation. However, we found that geostrophic calculations overestimate the speed of the orbital velocity: actual speeds (0.20-0.25 m s-1) were ~25-40% lower than those estimated from geostrophic balance (0.25-0.35 m s-1). The reason is that the centrifugal force cannot be neglected in this case. The mean rotation period during ship-borne observations in August 2004 was ~1.4 days, but it varied during the time that surface drifters were inside the bay, from ~1-2 days in June-July to ~2.5-3 days in September-October. The analysis of satellite data (wind velocity, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll) show that from May to September the wind stress curl is strong and cyclonic, and the surface of the bay is cooler and richer than the adjacent Gulf of California waters, which could be attributed to the positive wind stress curl. This positive wind stress curl on the bay is part of a larger-scale positive wind stress curl distribution that surrounds the southern part of the Baja California Peninsula during summer, probably enhanced in the bay by local topography features. Although there is an exchange of water between the bay and the GC, its effect on the dynamics is poorly known.
A Six-Step Model for Developing Competency Frameworks in the Healthcare Professions
Authors: Batt Alan , Williams Brett , Rich Jessica , Tavares Walter
Published: October 2021

Competency frameworks are developed for a variety of purposes, including describing professional practice and informing education and assessment frameworks. Despite the volume of competency frameworks developed in the healthcare professions, guidance remains unclear and is inconsistently adhered to (perhaps in part due to a lack of organising frameworks), there is variability in methodological choices, inconsistently reported outputs, and a lack of evaluation of frameworks. As such, we proposed the need for improved guidance. In this paper we outline a six-step model for developing competency framework that is designed to address some of these shortcomings. The six-steps comprise [1] identifying purpose, intended uses, scope, and stakeholders; [2] theoretically informed ways of identifying the contexts of complex, ‘real-world’ professional practice, which includes [3] aligned methods and means by which practice can be explored; [4] the identification and specification of competencies required for professional practice, [5] how to report the process and outputs of identifying such competencies, and [6] built-in strategies to continuously evaluate, update and maintain competency framework development processes and outputs. The model synthesizes and organizes existing guidance and literature, and furthers this existing guidance by highlighting the need for a theoretically-informed approach to describing and exploring practice that is appropriate, as well as offering guidance for developers on reporting the development process and outputs, and planning for the ongoing maintenance of frameworks.
Multicell Power Supplies for Improved Energy Efficiency in the Information and Communications Technology Infrastructures
Authors: Chrysostomou Michael , Christofides Nicholas , Ioannou Stelios , Polycarpou Alexis
Published: October 2021

The rapid growth of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector requires additional infrastructure, such as more micro-datacenters and telecom stations, to support the higher internet speeds and low latency requirements of 5G net-works. The increased power requirements of the new ICT technologies necessitate the proposal of new power supplies in an attempt to retain the increase in energy demand and running costs. This work provides an in-depth theoretical analysis on the losses of the individual stages of commercially available PSU and proposes a new multicell PSU, Buck-PFC converter, which offers a higher overall efficiency at varying load levels. The theoretical results are verified using simulation results, via PSIM Thermal Module, and using experimental data. The results indicate that multi-cell structures can improve the overall PSU ef-ficiency by 1.2% at 50% rated power and more than 2.1% at full power. Finally, taking into consideration the economic implica-tions of this study, it is shown that the proposed multicell structure may increase the PSU costs by 10.78% but the payback pe-riod is in the order of just 3.3 years.
Interaction between M. tuberculosis Lineage and Human Genetic Variants Reveals Novel Pathway Associations With Severity of TB
Authors: McHenry Michael , Wampande Eddie , Joloba Moses , Malone LaShaunda , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , Bush William , Boom W Henry , Williams Scott , Stein Catherine
Published: October 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Both human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) genetic variation affect TB outcomes, but few studies have examined if and how the two genomes interact to affect disease. We hypothesize that long-term coexistence between human genomes and MTBC lineages modulate disease to affect its severity. We examined this hypothesis in our TB household contact study in Kampala, Uganda, in which we identified 3 MTBC lineages of which one, L4.6-Uganda, is clearly derived and hence recent. We quantified TB severity using the Bandim TBscore and examined the interaction between MTBC lineage and human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genome-wide, in two independent cohorts of TB cases (N=149 and N=127). We found a significant interaction between a SNP in PPIAP2 and the Uganda lineage (combined p=4x10-8). PPIAP2 is a pseudogene that is highly expressed in immune cells. Pathway and eQTL analyses indicated potential roles between coevolving SNPs and cellular replication and metabolism as well as platelet aggregation and coagulation. This finding provides further evidence that host-pathogen interactions affect clinical presentation differently than host and pathogen genetic variation independently, and that human-MTBC coevolution is likely to explain patterns of disease severity.
Interconnections between Inflammageing and Immunosenescence During Ageing
Authors: Teissier Thibault , Boulanger Eric , Cox Lynne S
Published: October 2021

Acute inflammation is a physiological response to injury or infection, with a cascade of steps that ultimately leads to recruitment of immune cells to clear invading pathogens and heal wounds. However, chronic inflammation arising from continued presence of the initial trigger, or dysfunction of signalling and/or effector pathways, is harmful to health. While successful ageing in older adults including centenarians is associated with low levels of inflammation, elevated inflammation increases the risk of poor health and death [1–3]. Hence inflammation has been described as one of seven pillars of ageing. Age-associated sterile, chronic, and low-grade inflammation is commonly termed inflammageing - it is not simply a consequence of increasing chronological age, but is also a marker of biological ageing, multimorbidity and mortality risk. While inflammageing was initially thought to be caused by “continuous antigenic load and stress”, reports from the last two decades describe a much more complex phenomenon also involving cellular senescence and ageing of the immune system. In this review, we explore the sources and consequences of inflammageing and highlight potential interventions. In particular, we assess the contribution of cellular senescence to age-associated inflammation, identify patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers characteristic of inflammageing, describe alterations in the ageing immune system that lead to elevated inflammation, and finally assess the ways that diet, exercise and pharmacological interventions can reduce inflammageing and thus improve later life health.
Longman’s Beaked Whale Indopacetus pacificus and Mesoplodon spp. Entanglements Off Pakistan: Are Pelagic Gillnet Fisheries a Potential Threat?
Authors: Kiani Muhammad Shoaib , Nawaz Rab , Moazzam Muhammad , Shafiq Bushra , Van Waerebeek Koen
Published: October 2021

Beaked whales (Ziphiidae) are rarely reported in the Arabian Sea. Four new cases (five individuals) were documented in deep waters offshore Pakistan through a pilot programme in 2015-2018 where trained fishers video-recorded net entanglements in the pelagic tuna drift gillnet fishery. Videos were analysed frame-by-frame. The large body size (est. 5-6m) of one specimen, its moderately bulbous melon, long tubular rostrum and a large falcate dolphin-like dorsal fin, indicated Longman’s beaked whale Indopacetus pacificus. It represents the first record for Pakistan (EEZ), and with a stranding at Gujarat, India, a second for the northern Arabian Sea. The other 4 ziphiids were significantly smaller (est. 3– 4.5m), with a decidedly non-bulbous melon, variable short to moderately short rostra, falcate to subtriangular dorsal fin and a nondescript greyish colouration, identified as Mesoplodon spp. Video quality was poor but none of the specimens showed tusks, arched mandible lines or noticeable linear tooth rakes, practically excluding adult males. The successful release of all net-entangled beaked whales is unprecedented. The simultaneous bycatch of two mesoplodonts in the same net set is equally exceptional. This citizen science strategy adds to our understanding of the distribution of I. pacificus and mesoplodonts, which may be more common in the Arabian Sea than the scarce literature suggests. If significant bycatch of beaked whales is confirmed, the massive tuna gillnet fishing effort in the Arabian Sea could have negative implications for their conservation status.
Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions
Authors: White Brian , Wagner Michael , Neises Ty , Stansbury Cory , Lindley Ben
Published: October 2021

Solar power innately has issues with weather, grid demand and time of day, which for the case of concentrating solar power (CSP) can be mitigated through use of thermal energy storage. Nuclear reactors, including lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs), can load follow, but have high fixed and low operating costs which can make this economically unattractive. We investigate potential synergies through coupling CSP and LFR together in a single supercritical CO$_2$ Brayton cycle and/or using the same thermal energy storage. Combining these cycles allows for the LFR to thermally charge the salt storage in the CSP cycle during low demand periods to be dispatched when grid demand increases. The LFR/CSP coupling into one cycle is modeled to find the preferred location of the LFR heat exchanger, CSP heat exchanger, sCO$_2$-to-salt heat exchanger (C2S), turbines, and recuperators within the supercritical CO$_2$ Brayton cycle. Three cycle configurations have been studied: two-cycle configuration, which uses CSP and LFR heat for dedicated turbocompressors, has the highest efficiencies but with less component synergies; a combined cycle with CSP and LFR heat sources in parallel is the simplest with the lowest efficiencies; and a combined cycle with separate high temperature recuperators for both the CSP and LFR is a compromise between efficiency and component synergies. Additionally, four thermal energy storage charging techniques are studied: the turbine positioned before C2S, requiring a high LFR outlet temperature for viability; the turbine after the C2S, reducing turbine inlet temperature and therefore power; the turbine parallel to the C2S producing moderate efficiency; and a dedicated circulator loop. While all configurations have pros and cons, use of a single cycle offers component synergies with limited efficiency penalty. Using a turbine in parallel with the C2S heat exchanger is feasible but results in a low charging efficiency, while a dedicated circulator loop offers flexibility and near perfect heat storage efficiency but increasing cost with additional cycle components.
Time, Causality, and Entropy
Authors: Šorli Amrit , Čelan Štefan
Published: October 2021

How to build an optimal model where three terms “time, causality, and entropy” will be interrelated in a most correct way? This task has a semantic and physical aspect. We give in this article the solution that is based only on elementary perception. In physics, we experience time with our senses as the duration of material change running in space. This fact is the standpoint for our model where causality is only a principle, it is not a physical actuality and entropy runs only in space and not in time. Time is merely a duration of entropy increasing and is entering existence when measured by the observer.
Developing Computational Thinking to Help Tackle Pandemic Challenges
Authors: Araya Roberto , Isoda Masami , van der Molen Morris Johan
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 has been extremely difficult to control. The lack of understanding of key aspects of pandemics has affected virus transmission. On the other hand, there is a demand to incorporate Computational Thinking (CT) in the curricula with applications in STEM. However, there are still no exemplars in the curriculum that apply CT to real-world problems such as controlling a pandemic or other similar global crises. In this paper, we fill this gap by proposing exemplars of CT for modeling the pandemic. We designed exemplars following the three pillars of the APEC InMside framework for CT: algorithmic thinking, computational modeling, and machine learning. For each pillar, we designed a progressive sequence of activities that covers from elementary to high school. In an experimental study with elementary and middle school students from 2 schools of high vulnerability, we found that the computational modeling exemplar can be implemented by teachers and correctly understood by students. We conclude that it is feasible to introduce the exemplars at all grade levels, and that this is a powerful example of STEM integration that helps reflect and tackle real-world and challenging public health problems of great impact for students and their families.
Gene Profile Analysis and Molecular-Physiological Evaluation of Tomato Genotypes Under Drought Stress
Authors: Ghanbari Moheb Seraj Rahele , Tohidfar Masoud , Ahmadikhah Asadollah
Published: October 2021

Identification of the differentially-expressed genes is important for clarification of the complex molecular mechanisms under drought conditions. In this experiment, transcriptome profiles of sensitive and tolerant tomato genotypes under drought stress were analyzed. Three up-regulated genes were selected, included CAB3 (Chlorophyll a-b binding protein3), SAMDC (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme), and ACS9 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 9). After bioinformatics analysis, tomato genotypes were subjected to drought stress and gene expression was determined using Real-Time-PCR. Physiological parameters of genotypes were also measured by spectrophotometer-based methods. According to the results, these three genes play a key role in stress tolerance. Expression of the CAB3 gene in both sensitive and tolerant genotypes was not significantly different compared to the control, but the SAMDC gene decreased in both genotypes and the ACS9 gene decreased in sensitive genotype and increased in tolerant genotype. The physiological analysis also showed that under stress conditions, the photosynthetic system of the plant was disrupted and the chlorophyll content was reduced, but, proline content and antioxidant enzymes activity increased, in which their quantity in the tolerant genotype was significantly higher than sensitive. Under drought stress, due to damage to the lipid membrane, Malondialdehyde content also increased, in which the sensitive genotype was more affected.
Further Developing the Judicial System Utilizing Cloud, VOIP, and Videoconferencing
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: October 2021

This venture targets giving a correspondence framework that can improve the legal framework execution and cooperation and furthermore make it simple to lead execution audits. This examination depicts restricted admittance to the right legitimate data just as admittance to courts and court administrations as the essential factors that limit admittance to equity. The basic target fundamental for accomplishing the point incorporates planning an online easy to understand data framework that would improve correspondence and association between legal professionals like legal advisors and disputants. The undertaking uses a subjective methodology that zeroed in on the substance investigation of essential information. Key members were court laborers like attorneys and agents, just as court clients like disputants. Pre-plan discoveries uncovered that current legitimate data frameworks – basically court sites – neglect to recognize their crowd by treating all court clients similarly comparative with the correspondence of lawful data. Likewise, the issue of admittance to equity includes the significant expense of equity also, restricted legal data that elevates admittance to equity. Post-plan discoveries from the online overview directed after the turn of events and execution of the IT curio uncovered a powerful and productive legitimate data framework. Exploration discoveries supported the advancement of an IT antiquity that records for huge shortcomings in current legal data frameworks, for example, their failure to pass on fitting legitimate data intelligently and productively. In outline, the investigation prescribes the reception of saw control to work fair and square of certainty of court clients and the differentiation between court clients to convey the right data to the right crowd.
The Significance of mRNA in the Biology of Multiple Myeloma and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Puła Anna , Robak Paweł , Mikulski Damian , Robak Tadeusz
Published: October 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex disease that results from a multistep transformation of normal to malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and heterogeneous evolution of MM remain largely unknown. A fundamental step needed to understand the oncogenesis of MM and its response to therapy is the identification of driver mutations. The introduction of gene expression profiling (GEP) in MM was an important step in elucidating the molecular heterogeneity of MM and its clinical relevance. Since some mutations in myeloma occur in non-coding regions, studies based on the analysis of mRNA provide more comprehensive information on the oncogenic pathways and mechanisms relevant to MM biology. In this review, we discuss the role of gene expression profiling in understanding the biology of multiple myeloma together with the clinical manifestation of the disease, as well as its impact on treatment decisions and future directions.
A Multichannel Deep Learning Framework for Cyberbullying Detection on Social Media
Authors: Alotaibi Munif , Alotaibi Bandar , Razaque Abdul
Published: October 2021

Online social networks (OSNs) play an integral role in facilitating social interaction; however, these social networks increase antisocial behavior, such as cyberbullying, hate speech, and trolling. Aggression or hate speech that takes place through short message service (SMS) or the Internet (e.g., in social media platforms) is known as cyberbullying. Therefore, automatic detection utilizing natural language processing (NLP) is a necessary first step that helps prevent cyberbullying. This research proposes an automatic cyberbullying method to detect aggressive behavior using a consolidated deep learning model. This technique utilizes multichannel deep learning based on three models, namely, the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU), transformer block, and convolutional neural network (CNN), to classify Twitter comments into two categories: aggressive and not aggressive. Three well-known hate speech datasets were combined to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The proposed method achieved promising results. The accuracy of the proposed method was approximately 88%.
Development of a Questionnaire and Pilot Use to Assess the Knowledge of Midwives and Pediatric Nurses on Maternal Use of Analgesics during Lactation
Authors: Janssens Ine , Van Hauwe Margot , Ceulemans Michael , Allegaert Karel
Published: October 2021

There is a need to assess the knowledge of healthcare providers on the use of maternal analgesics during lactation, while a valid instrument is not yet available. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire on the knowledge of analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin, tramadol, codeine, oxycodone) during lactation, using a prospective, stepwise approach. To generate a pool of item subgroups, literature was assessed as first step. This preliminary version was subsequently reviewed in two focus groups [midwives (n=4), pediatric nurses (n=6)], followed by an expert panel (n=7, 2 rounds) to confirm content validity [item-level and scale content validity]. This resulted in a instrument consisting of 33 questions, and 5 clincial case descriptions specific for both disciplines. Based on known-groups validity between midwives and pediatric nurses (assuming an a priori difference related to their curricula), high construct validity was subsequently demonstrated in a pilot e-survey (86 midwives, 73 pediatric nurses). We therefore conclude that an instrument to assess knowledge on lactation-related exposure to analgesics was generated, that can be further developed and validated. Furthermore, pilot findings suggest suboptimal knowledge for both professions, so that adaptations in their curricula and postgraduate training are warranted.
Development and Validation of a Primary Care Electronic Health Record Phenotype to Study Migration and Health in the UK
Authors: Pathak Neha , Zhang Claire X , Boukari Yamina , Burns Rachel , Mathur Rohini , Gonzalez-Izquierdo Arturo , Denaxas Spiros , Sonnenberg Pam , Hayward Andrew , Aldridge Robert W
Published: October 2021

International migrants comprised 14% of the UK population in 2020, but migrant health in the UK has rarely been studied at a population level using primary care electronic health records (EHRs). Given the difficulty of determining migration status using EHRs, this study developed a migration phenotype and assessed its validity. We developed a phenotyping algorithm using codes for country of birth, visa status, non-English main/first language and non-UK origin. It was applied to a Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database of 16,071,111 primary care patients between 1997 and 2018. We compared the completeness and representativeness of the identified migrant population to Office for National Statistics (ONS) country of birth and 2011 census data by year, age, sex, geographic region of birth and ethnicity. Between 1997-2018, 403,768 migrants (2.51% of the CPRD GOLD population) were identified using the phenotype. 178,749 (1.11%) of these migrants were identified by codes indicating foreign country of birth or visa status, 216,731 (1.35%) a non-English main/first language, and 8,288 (0.05%) non-UK origin. The cohort was similarly distributed compared to ONS migration statistics in terms of sex and region of birth. Recording of migration improved from identifying approximately one-tenth of the expected proportion of migrants according to the ONS in 2004 to a quarter in 2018. Younger migrants were better represented than those aged 50 and over. The migration phenotype identified a large number of migrants and can be used to undertake large-scale migration health research in CPRD GOLD to inform healthcare policy, practice and action. While the cohort was representative of the UK migrant population in terms of sex and region of birth, migration status was under-recorded in earlier years and older ages, and future studies for these groups should therefore be interpreted with caution.
Information Theory of Gravity
Authors: Abanto Jeffrey Alloy
Published: October 2021

A new model of gravity is presented here similar to the earlier work of Verlinde on Emergent Gravity but without the use of thermodynamic assumptions. The theory does not use the main assumption of Verlinde on the nature of gravity as an entropic force using the First Law of Thermodynamics. Moreover, it does not use the Equipartition Theorem such that there is no need to define a thermal bath enclosed within a holographic screen. Instead of Equipartition Theorem, the theory uses $E=NE_{p}$, for the total energy of a massive object where $E_{p}$ is the Planck Energy while $N$ is the number of Planck Energy to represent the maximum possible density of information that can reside in matter. The theory uses also the Holographic Principle as the basis for an information-theoretic approach to the nature of gravity. It is shown here that gravity emerges whenever there is an updating of the information within a given volume of space by the presence of matter.
Geospatial and Social Factors Influencing Morbidity due to Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Rural Pakistan.
Authors: Corden Elise , Siddiqui Saman Hasan , Sharma Yash , Raghib Muhammad Faraz , Adorno III William , Zulqarnain Fatima , Ehsan Lubaina , Shrivastava Aman , Ahmed Sheraz , Umrani Fayaz , Rahman Najeeb , Ali Rafey , Iqbal Najeeha T. , Moore Sean R. , Ali Syed Asad , Syed Sana
Published: October 2021

Infectious disease is the leading cause of mortality in children under five. This study has investigated environmental factors related to the morbidity of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), diarrhea, and growth using geographical information systems (GIS) technology. Anthropometric, address and disease prevalence data were collected through the SEEM study in Matiari, Pakistan. Publicly available map data was used to compile coordinates of healthcare facilities. A Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to calculate the correlation between distance from healthcare facilities and participant growth and morbidity. Other continuous variables influencing these outcomes were analyzed using a random forest regression model. In this study of 416 children, we found participants living closer to secondary hospitals had lower prevalence of ARI (r=0.154, p<0.010) and diarrhea (r=0.228, p<0.001) as well as participants living closer to Maternal Health Centers (MHCs): ARI (r=0.185, p<0.002) and diarrhea (r=0.223, p<0.001) compared to those living near primary facilities. Our random forest model showed distance to have high variable importance in the context of disease prevalence. Our results indicated that participants closer to more basic healthcare facilities reported a higher prevalence of both diarrhea and ARI than those near more urban facilities, highlighting potential public policy gaps in ameliorating rural health.
Visual Biofeedback Tool for Quantitative Pressure Monitoring in Lower-Limb Prosthetic Sockets
Authors: Turner Shruti , Jain Shivali , Patel Akhil , Hopkins Matthew O , McGregor Alison H
Published: October 2021

Obtaining a good socket fit is an iterative process dependent on the skill and experience of the prosthetist creating it, and requiring individualisation based on the size and shape. There is no standard measurement system used to aid prosthetic socket creation, despite the severe impacts on physical health and quality of life if one is ill-fitting. Pressure sensors embedded in a prosthetic socket were used to collect data at the socket-residuum interface. To choose an interpolation method, a 2D grid was used, with previously collected walking test pressure data, to simplify the sensor array with a border for extrapolation. Four multivariable interpolation methods were evaluated to create a colour map of the pressure data. Radial Basis Function interpolation was chosen as it produced a clear image with a graduated interpolation between data points and was used to create a colour map across the surface of a 3D prosthetic socket model. For the model to be accessible to clinical audiences, a desktop application was created using PyQt to view the model. The created application allowed for connection to the sensors via Bluetooth, with the pressure data updating the colour map on the 3D model in real-time. The created application shows the potential for a clinical product, however further development informed by feedback from rehabilitation clinicians and prosthesis users is required
Exploring European Heavy Goods Vehicle Crashes Using a Three-Level Analysis of Crash Data
Authors: Schindler Ron , Jänsch Michael , Bálint András , Johannsen Heiko
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses crashes involving heavy goods vehicles (HGV) in Europe focusing on long-haul trucks weighing 16 tons or more (16t+). The identification of the most critical scenarios and their characteristics is based on a three-level analysis: general crash statistics from CARE addressing all HGVs, results about 16t+ trucks from national crash databases and a detailed study of in-depth crash data from GIDAS, including a crash causation analysis. Most European HGV crashes occur in clear weather, during daylight, on dry roads, outside city limits, and on non-highway roads. Three main scenarios for 16t+ trucks are characterized in-depth: (1) rear-end crashes in which the truck is the striking partner, (2) conflicts during right turn maneuvers of the truck and a cyclist riding alongside and (3) pedestrians crossing the road in front of the truck. Among truck-related crash causes, information admission failures (e.g. distraction) were the main causing factors in 72% of cases in scenario (1) while information access problems (e.g. blind spots) were present for 72% of cases in scenario (2) and 75% of cases in scenario (3). The results provide both a global overview and sufficient depth of analysis in the most relevant cases and thereby aid safety system development.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Fungal Keratitis in the United Kingdom 2011-2020: A 10-Year Study
Authors: Ting Darren Shu Jeng , Galal Mohamed , Kulkarni Bina , Elalfy Mohamed S. , Lake Damian , Hamada Samer , Said Dalia G. , Dua Harminder S.
Published: October 2021

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a serious ocular infection that often poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. This study aimed to examine the causes, clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of FK in the UK. All culture-positive and culture-negative presumed FK (with complete data) that presented to Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, and Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, between 2011 and 2020 were included. A total of 117 patients (n=117 eyes) with FK were included in this study. The mean age was 59.0±19.6 years (range, 4-92 years) and 51.3% patients were female. Fifty-three fungal isolates were identified from 52 (44.4%) culture-positive cases, with Candida spp. (33, 62.3%), Fusarium spp. (9, 17.0%), and Aspergillus spp. (5, 9.4%) being the most common organisms. Ocular surface disease (60, 51.3%), prior corneal surgery (44, 37.6%), and systemic immunosuppression (42, 35.9%) were the three most common risk factors. Hospitalisation for intensive treatment was required for 95 (81.2%) patients, with a duration of 18.9±16.3 days. Sixty-six (56.4%) patients required additional surgical interventions for eradicating the infection. Emergency therapeutic/tectonic keratoplasty was performed in 29 (24.8%) cases, though 13 (44.8%) of them failed at final follow-up. The final corrected-distance-visual-acuity (CDVA) was 1.67±1.08 logMAR. Multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated increased age, large infiltrate size (>3mm), and poor presenting CDVA (<1.0 logMAR) as significant negative predictive factors for poor visual outcome (CDVA of <1.0 logMAR) and poor corneal healing (>60 days of healing time or occurrence of corneal perforation requiring emergency keratoplasty; all p<0.05). In conclusion, FK represents a difficult-to-treat ocular infection that often results in poor visual outcome, with a high need for surgical interventions. Innovative treatment strategies are urgently required to tackle this unmet need.
On the Treatment of Missing Item Responses in Educational Large-scale Assessment Data: The Case of PISA 2018 Mathematics
Authors: Robitzsch Alexander
Published: October 2021

Missing item responses are prevalent in educational large-scale assessment studies like the programme for international student assessment (PISA). The current operational practice scores missing item responses as wrong, but several psychometricians advocated a model-based treatment based on latent ignorability assumption. In this approach, item responses and response indicators are jointly modeled conditional on a latent ability and a latent response propensity variable. Alternatively, imputation-based approaches can be used. The latent ignorability assumption is weakened in the Mislevy-Wu model that characterizes a nonignorable missingness mechanism and allows the missingness of an item to depend on the item itself. The scoring of missing item responses as wrong and the latent ignorable model are submodels of the Mislevy-Wu model. This article uses the PISA 2018 mathematics dataset to investigate the consequences of different missing data treatments on country means. Obtained country means can substantially differ for the different scaling models. In contrast to previous statements in the literature, the scoring of missing item responses as incorrect provided a better model fit than a latent ignorable model for most countries. Furthermore, the dependence of the missingness of an item from the item itself after conditioning on the latent response propensity was much more pronounced for constructed-response items than for multiple-choice items. As a consequence, scaling models that presuppose latent ignorability should be refused from two perspectives. First, the Mislevy-Wu model is preferred over the latent ignorable model for reasons of model fit. Second, we argue that model fit should only play a minor role in choosing psychometric models in large-scale assessment studies because validity aspects are most relevant. Missing data treatments that countries can simply manipulate (and, hence, their students) result in unfair country comparisons.