bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Eye and the Zika Virus
Authors: Fernando Martínez-Pulgarín Dayron , Miguel Córdoba-Ortega Carlos , Daniel Padilla-Pantoja Fabio
Published: November 2019

Ocular involvement in Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can be present both in adults and infants as acquired and congenital diseases respectively. Through experimental studies, there has been clarified important mechanisms of ocular pathogenesis that allow the establishment of potential objectives for antiviral drugs development. The spread of the virus at the ocular level could be hematogenous or axonal, however the hematogenous route through the choroid is suggested as the most important initial mechanism for infection. Ocular manifestations vary according to the age of presentation, being mild and self-limited in adults and potentially devastating in children, related to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Ocular diagnosis is made based in clinical features and contact/travel history to countries of epidemiological importance; fundoscopy, optical coherence tomography, fluoresceinic/green indocianine angiography, cultures, serological and molecular tests are useful diagnostic tools. Ocular management is focused according to the clinical context of each patient. Prevention is carried out in a comprehensive manner and further research is directed to vaccine development and specific antiviral treatment. Proper attention requires a multidisciplinary team in order to reach complete visual evaluation and early rehabilitation.
Instant City
Authors: Bendito Fernando , Ferrater Lambarri Carlos , Prada Poole José Miguel de
Published: November 2019

En el año 1971 y con motivo del VII Congreso del International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID), la isla de Ibiza (concretamente la cala Sant Miquel, al norte de la misma) acogió la Instant City, una ciudad efímera que se levantó, ocupó y desmanteló en poco más de un mes.

Pasados casi 50 años de este experimento hablamos con Carlos Ferrater sobre sus luces y sombras, poniendo especial énfasis en la sorprendente vigencia que el emblemático proyecto conserva hoy en día.

In 1971 on the occasion of the VII Congress of the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design, the island of Ibiza hosted the Instant City, an ephemeral city that was built, occupied and dismantled in little more than a month. After almost 50 years of this experiment we speak with Carlos Ferrater about its lights and shadows, putting special emphasis on the surprising validity that the emblematic project conserves today.
Electrodeposición de recubrimientos de fosfato de calcio sobre titanio
Authors: Rodríguez Rius Daniel , Vidal Girona Elia , Rupérez de Gracia Elisa
Published: November 2019

El titanio y sus aleaciones son biomateriales usados frecuentemente en implantes y prótesis. Sin embargo, estos biomateriales metálicos tienen limitaciones relacionadas con la bioactividad.Una vía para aumentar la bioactividad del titanio es añadir un recubrimiento de fosfato de calcio (CaP) a la superficie mediante deposición electroquímica. Esta técnica tiene como ventajas la baja temperatura del proceso y un buen control del espesor y la composición química de la capa depositada. Durante el proceso, sin embargo, se producen burbujas de hidrógeno en las proximidades del cátodo, que dificultan la obtención de capas uniformes.El presente estudio propone usar corriente pulsada para la electrodeposición como mecanismo para reducir la producción de burbujas de hidrógeno y mejorar el equilibrio de la concentración de iones en la solución, permitiendo la formación de capas de fosfato de calcio más uniformes.
Carta del Director saliente
Authors: Rodríguez Rius Daniel
Published: November 2019

Carta del Director saliente
Carta del Director
Authors: Velasco Bayón Diego
Published: November 2019

Carta del Director
Through and Beyond the Transindividual
Authors: Heredia Juan Manuel , Rodríguez Pablo Esteban ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2019

The article develops the different meanings of the Simondonian idea of the transindividual, reconstructs the different interpretations that have been made about it, and considers its potentiality to think contemporary phenomena. For this, first, it points out the uses of the term transindividual before Simondon’s conceptualization of it. Second, it analyzes the definitions of the concept that appear in his doctoral theses of 1958 and distinguishes his different senses (ontogenetic, metaphysical, ethical, technical, etc.). Third, it reconstructs the contemporary debate about the transindividual and defines three moments (1989-1998, 1999-2005, and 2005-2015). Finally, it concludes by reflecting on the philosophical and epistemological potentiality of the idea of the transindividual to think about complex processes marked by the association of technological, psychosocial, and ethical-political dimensions.
The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species
Authors: Sruoga Virginijus , Kaila Lauri , Rocienė Agnė
Published: November 2019

First records of Elachistinae are given from Thailand. Ten species of Elachistinae are reported, eight of which are described as new: Urodeta longa Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., Elachista buszkoi Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. oryx Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. pellineni Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. capricornis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. phichaiensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. loeiensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov. and E. siamensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov. The new species are diagnosed and illustrated with photographs of the adults and genitalia. One species remains unidentified to species level.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: November 2019

The Private Academic Library Network Inc. (PALNI) recently worked with The IDEA Center, a nonprofit organization dedicated to improving student learning in higher education, to create a freely available assessment survey focused on the educational role and institutional effectiveness of the library. The results of the Assessment of Library Impact and Value survey provide insights on how best to implement improvements, allocate resources, and communicate with campus stakeholders at PALNI institutions. PALNI created the survey with the intention of making it open access, available for use, and remixing by other institutions.
Academic librarians serving diverse populations of multilingual students: Tips to support success
Authors: López-Fitzsimmons Bernadette M. , Nagra Kanu A. , De Luise Alexandra , Czerw Jeremy , Handis Michael W.
Published: November 2019

In today’s political and social climate in the United States, news stories focusing on language-related conflicts are becoming increasingly common. For example, two Montana women filed a lawsuit earlier this year against U.S. Customs and Border Protection for being detained after they were overheard speaking Spanish in a local convenience store.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: November 2019

Yolanda CooperAndrea FalconeJennie PuClaire StewartTom WalkerShali ZhangErika BaileyWilliam E. BaxterRebecca CarlsonNadia CliftonAmanda ClossenLilly CookChristina CortlandJames CoxL. Blue DeanDiane Dias De FazioJackie FlemingChristine ForbesHannah GundermanSarah HicksMatt JansenAnna Marie JohnsonJasmine KirbyJill LiebischKT LoweRon McCollKaty MillerKatherine O’ClairMelody RoodAaron SmithersBeth SouthLynn WarnerSteven WeaseAndrew WeaverSarah WrightMargaret “Meg” Scharf
Extraction and characterization of oil of the pacu residue (Piaractus mesopotamicus) using ultrasonic technology
Authors: Rigueto Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli , Freitas Thainá Stéphanie Martins de , Rocha Debora Silva da , Bevilaqua Nivia Carolina de Oliveira , Oliveira Débora de , Brum Fabricio Barros , Loss Raquel Aparecida
Published: November 2019

The increase in demand for fish consumption leads to the generation of a greater amount of waste, and it is necessary to seek alternatives to reuse of this organic load. In this way, the objective of this research was to evaluate the extraction of oil from the pacu residue by ultrasonic energy. The oil extraction was evaluated using a wet and dry raw material at 70 Â°C, from a complete factorial planning 2Â², where the variables were sample solvent ratio and time. The oils obtained in all the extraction conditions were analyzed as a function of the acidity in oleic acid (%), and the oil obtained in the best condition was submitted to the fatty acid profile. In the extraction smaller times and larger proportions of solvent sample contributed to obtain higher yields in oil. The oils obtained had low acidity and a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, with a ratio of unsaturated and saturated and Ï‰-6/Ï‰-3 within the desired limits. In this way, ultrasound proved to be a useful tool for obtaining good quality pacu residue oil.
Redução de evaporação de água: estudo de caso no reservatório de São Gonçalo/PB
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Abrantes de , Santos Valterlin da Silva , Curi Rosires Catão , Carvalho José Ribamar Marques de
Published: November 2019

As mudanças climáticas têm proporcionado um agravamento da gestão dos recursos hídricos em regiões semiáridas. As disputas pelos diversos usos da água ocasionam conflitos entre os usuários e as elevadas taxas de evaporação, presentes nessas regiões, contribuem de forma significativa para o agravamento das crises hídricas. A redução das taxas de evaporação em reservatórios nessas regiões surge como mais uma forma de aumentar a oferta de água, mediante a aplicação de diferentes técnicas, utilizando-se diferentes materiais, cada qual adequado ao caso específico. O estudo objetiva analisar a redução de evaporação de água no reservatório de São Gonçalo, PB no semiárido nordestino a partir da utilização de várias técnicas sugeridas na literatura.  Foram realizadas simulações com quatro diferentes técnicas de redução da evaporação no reservatório São Gonçalo, situado na região semiárida do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso de bolas de polietileno apresentou o melhor índice de redução da evaporação, entretanto sua utilização é recomendável quando o reservatório apresentar baixos níveis do volume de água, devido ao seu maior custo de implementação e de manutenção. A técnica de quebra vento apresentou um índice satisfatório de redução da evaporação sendo recomendada para a região em estudo devido ao seu baixo custo de implementação e de manutenção, não ocasionando impactos ao corpo hídrico. No entanto, tornam-se necessários a realização de estudos mais aprofundados, buscando identificar possíveis impactos ambientais não só no corpo hídrico, mas na região no entorno do reservatório.
Writing Research and Specialized Communication Studies
Authors: Heidrich Franziska , Schubert Klaus
Published: November 2019

Many research strands have a focal interest in writing as an object. Still, many representatives of these strands are not aware of the others’ existence, let alone their common ground. This paper shall serve to unveil some of the overlaps between two of the afore-mentioned research strands–or rather disciplines: Writing Research and Specialized Communication Studies. The authors outline some of the most prominent aspects concerning the evolution, the paradigms, the principles of modelling and main research lines of the disciplines, respectively, and compare them with each other. While Writing Research has been an acknowledged discipline for decades, this does not apply for Specialized Communication Studies: with its roots in LSP Studies and Translation Studies, from which it has evolved slowly but steadily, it has meanwhile become an own sphere of research, situated within the wider scope of Applied Linguistics. Today, one can claim that there is indeed the need for one independent discipline dealing with specialized communication in all its manifestations. On the basis of the afore-mentioned contrasting juxtaposition, the authors discuss what the common ground of Writing Research and Specialized Communication Studies is, where the disciplines differ, which approaches–if so–combine the two disciplines and how they may benefit from each other.
Las obras y fuentes de referencia en la traducción especializada inglés-español, español-inglés: algunos ejemplos de soporte documental para la traducción jurídica y económica
Authors: Orts Llopis María Ángeles
Published: November 2019

This study aims to carry out an analysis of the range of resources offered in the field of Legal and Economic Translation in English and Spanish, in order to carry out a methodical examination of documentary sources in these two translation fields. Hence, it differentiates between those named “reference works” and “reference sources”, as direct and indirect or oblique resources, respectively, for these two types of specialized translation. Through a systematic scrutiny of eight terms of special significance in the economic and legal fields (four in Spanish and four in English, in either field), the different resources classified in both groups are tested and categorized into files per term and resource, in order to assess the effectiveness of the latter according to the data obtained. Results point to a higher number of entries for the group of reference works, but also suggests that translation effectiveness in these specialized fields does not necessarily have to be achieved through direct resources, indirect ones being useful to get accuracy of meaning in the legal and economic fields.
Entrevista a Lot Amorós
Authors: Gálvez Gabarda Jorge
Published: November 2019

Entrevista a Lot Amorós, ingeniero de software y artista interdisciplinar. Ha realizado desde trabajos en interfaces de visualización de datos a performances de realidad mixta. A lo largo de su carrera profesional se ha ido centrando cada vez más en el mundo de los drones hasta crear el proyecto Flone. Este proyecto se basa en un hardware y un software que permite volar a los smartphones.
Rediseño del website de la Fundación Miró
Authors: González González Maria
Published: November 2019

Práctica final que engloba todo lo aprendido en la asignatura de Lenguajes y estándares web. En concreto la iniciación al HTML y al CSS. La práctica consistía en rediseñar el website de la fundación Joan Miró. Para ello, se nos facilitaban los textos y las imágenes principales, y nosotros debíamos estructurarlos.
Cómo crear un tema sencillo de WordPress
Authors: Esteban Gerard , Suelves Sergi
Published: November 2019

WordPress es un gestor de contenidos muy versátil y con mucho potencial en la web. En este artículo nos enfocaremos a la creación de un tema para este gestor de contenidos. Este es un rescurso muy sencillo y paso a paso enfocado para todos aquellos diseñadores que quieran dar sus primeros pasos en el mundo WordPress.
O ESTUDO DO ESPECTRO ELETROMAGNÉTICO: O ENSINO ATRAVÉS DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA - UEPS / THE STUDY OF THE ELECTROMECHANICAL SPECTRUM: TEACHING THROUGH A TEACHING SEQUENCE – PMTU
Authors: Hammel Cristiane , Miyahara Ricardo Yoshimitsu , Dos Santos Sandro Aparecido
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho relata o planejamento, a organização e a aplicação de uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS) no ensino de Física, especificamente o estudo das radiações, através do tema gerador - espectro eletromagnético. O objetivo foi verificar de maneira qualitativa a eficácia da proposição/aplicação de uma sequência didática e se esta viabiliza de maneira adequada uma aprendizagem significativa. O texto aborda os conceitos de aprendizagem significativa crítica e UEPS. Um ensaio epistemológico é realizado e o relato da sequência dos passos adotados, a fim de contextualizar o cenário proposto e salientar o ensino de Física. Por fim, é apresentada uma análise das atividades realizadas baseada na realidade do efetivo aprendizado das Ciências no que tange a disciplina de Física, como ferramenta auxiliadora num contexto pós-moderno da educação brasileira.
Monitoring the Physicochemical Properties of Water Used for Irrigation in Gwagwalada Area Council of FCT Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Oby Chime Maureen , Sunday Dauda Mary , Uwem Useh Mercy , Esene Rosemary Okoh
Published: November 2019

Water is one of the most important global requirements for every activity in life including agricultural irrigation. Water if polluted, creates direct problems of alkalinity/salinity/toxicity to agricultural farms, thereby negatively affecting the quality and nutritional value of cultivated crops. This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of river water from eight different rivers within Gwagwalada Area Council of the FCT, using standard methods. These parameters were determined during wet and dry seasons and the results showed seasonal variations of all the parameters. Means of seasonal values of pH ranged between 6.37 - 7.95, temperature 22.40 – 27.100°C and electrical conductivity 124.55 μS/cm – 312.32 μS/cm. The mean values of Dissolve oxygen (DO) and Dissolved solid (DS) in the two seasons (wet and dry) were 3.37 mg/l – 9.39 mg/l and 67.76 mg/l - 151.23 mg/l respectively. For sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and turbidity, the mean values for wet and dry seasons ranged between 42.94 – 98.98 mg/l, 0.98 – 3.56 mg/l, 4.98 – 11.94 and 4.90 – 47.32 NTU respectively. Other parameters are potassium 3.12-6.56 mg/l, sodium 13.78 -24.33 mg/l, magnesium 3.76 – 8.90 mg/l and calcium 9.78 – 19.87 mg/l. These chemical parameters also showed significant seasonal variation. The results of the analyses indicated that some of the parameters fall within the recommended limits and thus largely suitable for irrigation and domestic purposes.
Predictors and Clinical Correlates of Gestational Age at Booking: A Multicenter Survey
Authors: Edet Ekpenyong, Christopher
Published: November 2019

Background: Although several factors are known to influence the gestational age at booking, current knowledge indicates that the distribution of these factors could vary from one country to the other, and even within countries, the variation could exist between states. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, predictors and clinical correlates of gestational age at booking in southern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty pregnant women who visited the study centres within the study period were evaluated for socio-demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with early and late ANC initiation using standard instruments and procedures.

Results: Fifty-six per cent (56%) of the pregnant women initiated ANC within the first thirteen weeks of gestation according to the WHO recommendation. Fewer numbers of previous pregnancies and births were significantly associated with early ANC initiation. Being of older age, (OR=1.52, C.I=1.318-1.956), fewer number of previous pregnancies (OR=2.2. C.I=1.923-2.511), low parity (OR=2.05, C.I=1.884-2.264), public servant (OR=1.52, C.I=1.316-1.753), higher educational attainment (OR=2.21, C.I=1.043-3.498) significantly increased the likelihood of early ANC initiation. Also, pregnant women who booked early had a lower incidence of anaemia, hypertension and gestational diabetes and better biochemical endpoints.

Conclusion: Some demographic variables and fewer numbers of pregnancies and births were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of early ANC initiation and vice versa. These factors should be considered in designing interventions to improve gestational age at booking among pregnant women in Nigeria and globally.
Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Samples in Abia State
Authors: Ifediora A. C. , Nwabueze R. N. , Amadi E. S. , Chikwendu C. I.
Published: November 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen that causes different community and hospital-acquired infections. S. aureus resistant to methicillin has become a big and expanding problem of concern in many developing countries. Clindamycin has also been discovered to be a preferred therapeutic alternative for the treatment of both methicillin susceptible and resistant staphylococcal infections. This study examined the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in clinical samples of patients in Abia state, Nigeria using standard recommended procedures. A total of 750 clinical specimens of blood and urine samples, wound, ear, nasal, high vaginal and ear swabs were collected from three major health facilities in Abia state, Nigeria. Each sample was cultured for bacterial isolates and examined for colonial and cellular morphology while biochemical identification was performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) by disc diffusion method and MRSA screening was done using cefoxitin disc.  A total of 265 (35.3%) S. aureus isolates were recovered, out of which 126(47.5%) were from males and 139(52.5%) were from females, however there was no association between the prevalence and gender (p-value = 0.05) and also prevalence and age (p-value = 0.52). Of the 265 S. aureus isolates recovered, 164(61.9%) were MRSA. All 100% of the MRSA were susceptible to vancomycin, 120(73.2%) to clindamycin, 92(56.1%) to gentamycin. All 100% were resistant to ceftazidine, 157(95.7%) to cloxacillin, 146(89.0%) to augmentin, 136(82.9%) to ceftriaxone and 103(61.6%) to erythromycin. The MRSA strains showed much higher resistance rate than their MSSA counterparts to all tested antibiotic except clindamycin. 64(39.0%) of the MRSA were resistant to 4 classes of antibiotics indicating multi drug resistance (MDR). The overall prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance among methicillin resistant isolates was 29(17.7%). This implies that 17.7% could have been misidentified as clindamycin susceptible by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In conclusion prevalence of MRSA was high and it is important to routinely carry out the D-test for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance if clindamycin is considered as a treatment option.
Chiral Supraparticles for Controllable Nanomedicine
Authors: Yeom Jihyeon , Guimaraes Pedro P. G. , Ahn Hyo Min , Jung Bo‐Kyeong , Hu Quanyin , McHugh Kevin , Mitchell Michael J. , Yun Chae‐Ok , Langer Robert , Jaklenec Ana
Published: November 2019

Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and hard‐wired into every biological system. Despite the prevalence of chirality in biological systems, controlling biomaterial chirality to influence interactions with cells has only recently been explored. Chiral‐engineered supraparticles (SPs) that interact differentially with cells and proteins depending on their handedness are presented. SPs coordinated withd‐chirality demonstrate greater than threefold enhanced cell membrane penetration in breast, cervical, and multiple myeloma cancer cells. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements reveal the mechanism of these chiral‐specific interactions. Thermodynamically,d‐SPs show more stable adhesion to lipid layers composed of phospholipids and cholesterol compared tol‐SPs. In vivo,d‐SPs exhibit superior stability and longer biological half‐lives likely due to opposite chirality and thus protection from endogenous proteins including proteases. This work shows that incorporatingd‐chirality into nanosystems enhances uptake by cancer cells and prolonged in vivo stability in circulation, providing support for the importance of chirality in biomaterials. Thus, chiral nanosystems may have the potential to provide a new level of control for drug delivery systems, tumor detection markers, biosensors, and other biomaterial‐based devices.
Mass transfer in continuous mixtures with Maxwell–Stefan diffusion using the adaptive characterization method
Authors: Moraes Antonio O. S. , Lage Paulo L. C. , Silva Luiz Fernando L. R.
Published: November 2019

The adaptive pseudocomponent characterization method for continuous mixtures was extended to mass transfer problems using the Maxwell–Stefan diffusion model. It is based on the direct quadrature method of moments (DQMoM), using a quadrature rule to discretize the molar fraction distribution of the continuous mixture. The solution method was applied to two one‐dimensional mass transfer problems: the transient diffusion in a Loschmidt tube and the steady‐state diffusion in a thin film. In the latter, it was showed that the DQMoM equations reduce to an equivalent problem with a fixed characterization and solution methods for linearized theory problems can be employed. For these two problems, the proposed method was verified against the discrete component model (DCM), whose implementation was also verified against existing solutions. Results showed that the adaptive method with five pseudocomponents predicts the mixture properties with maximum relative deviation smaller than 1% when compared to the DCM with 57 components.
Photodiode‐like behavior of jelly dye‐sensitized donor‐acceptor dendrimers
Authors: Pires Rita F. , Charas Ana , Morgado Jorge , Casimiro Teresa , Bonifácio Vasco D. B.
Published: November 2019

Hybrid photodiodes (HPD) systems are on the rise. The growing interest on these devices is mainly due to their power in image sensing and bioengineering solutions. In this work, a new class of donor‐acceptor dendrimers was synthesized and incorporated, along with a ruthenium sensitizer dye, into low cost devices comprised of one single layer of a biocompatible matrix (agarose). Exploring different electrodes, low current devices with a counter‐electrode dependent response have been successfully assembled at room temperature. Using a stainless steel electrode, sensitized donor‐acceptor dendrimers provide photodiode‐like systems having nA dark currents. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48635.
Synthesis and Penicillin‐binding Protein Inhibitory Assessment of Dipeptidic 4‐Phenyl‐β‐lactams from α‐Amino Acid‐derived Imines
Authors: Decuyper Lena , Jukič Marko , Sosič Izidor , Amoroso Ana Maria , Verlaine Olivier , Joris Bernard , Gobec Stanislav , D'hooghe Matthias
Published: November 2019

Monocyclic β‐lactams revive the research field on antibiotics, which are threatened by the emergence of resistant bacteria. A six‐step synthetic route was developed, providing easy access to new 3‐amino‐1‐carboxymethyl‐4‐phenyl‐β‐lactams, of which the penicillin‐binding protein (PBP) inhibitory potency was demonstrated biochemically.
Cu‐Catalyzed Selective Oxy‐Cyanoalkylation of Allylamines with Cycloketone Oxime Esters and CO2
Authors: Ran Chuan‐Kun , Huang He , Li Xing‐Hui , Wang Wei , Ye Jian‐Heng , Yan Si‐Shun , Wang Bi‐Qin , Feng Chun , Yu Da‐Gang
Published: November 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

The radical‐initiated carboxylative cyclization of allylamines with CO2 represents an efficient and highly promising strategy to afford valuable 2‐oxazolidinones. However, the radical precursors and pathways to generate radicals in such processes are still limited. Herein, we report the first Cu‐catalyzed selective oxy‐cyanoalkylation of allylamines with cycloketone oxime esters and CO2 via C—C bond cleavage. Many cyanoalkyl‐substituted 2‐oxazolidinones are obtained in moderate to good yields with high regio‐ and chemo‐selectivities. The utility of this redox‐neutral and cyanide‐free method is demonstrated with mild conditions, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and easy scalability.
Synthesis of CF2H‐Containing Oxime Ethers Derivatives from ClCF2H, tert‐Butyl Nitrile and Indoles
Authors: Ma Xingxing , Huang Hua , Su Jianke , Song Zhiyi , Nakano Tamaki , Song Qiuling
Published: November 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

A new and intriguing methodology to access various O‐difluoromethylation oxime compounds from ClCF2H, TBN and indoles is developed under mild reaction conditions. This strategy can suppress N‐difluoromethylation of indoles successfully, in which there are two different active species (:CF2 and ·NO) while indoles are unprotected, featuring simple operation and radical involvement.
Classification of Human White Blood Cells Using Machine Learning for Stain‐Free Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: Lippeveld Maxim , Knill Carly , Ladlow Emma , Fuller Andrew , Michaelis Louise J , Saeys Yvan , Filby Andrew , Peralta Daniel
Published: November 2019

Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) produces up to 12 spectrally distinct, information‐rich images of single cells at a throughput of 5,000 cells per second. Yet often, cell populations are still studied using manual gating, a technique that has several drawbacks, hence it would be advantageous to replace manual gating with an automated process. Ideally, this automated process would be based on stain‐free measurements, as the currently used staining techniques are expensive and potentially confounding. These stain‐free measurements originate from the brightfield and darkfield image channels, which capture transmitted and scattered light, respectively. To realize this automated, stain‐free approach, advanced machine learning (ML) methods are required. Previous works have successfully tested this approach on cell cycle phase classification with both a classical ML approach based on manually engineered features, and a deep learning (DL) approach. In this work, we compare both approaches extensively on the problem of white blood cell classification. Four human whole blood samples were assayed on an ImageStream‐X MK II imaging flow cytometer. Two samples were stained for the identification of eight white blood cell types, while two other sample sets were stained for the identification of resting and active eosinophils. For both data sets, four ML classifiers were evaluated on stain‐free imagery with stratified 5‐fold cross‐validation. On the white blood cell data set, the best obtained results were 0.778 and 0.703 balanced accuracy for classical ML and DL, respectively. On the eosinophil data set, this was 0.871 and 0.856 balanced accuracy. We conclude that classifying cell types based on only stain‐free images is possible with all four classifiers. Noteworthy, we also find that the DL approaches tested in this work do not outperform the approaches based on manually engineered features. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Invasion promotes invasion: Facilitation of C3 perennial grass dominance in mixed C3/C4 grassland by an invasive C3 woody sprouter (Prosopis glandulosa)
Authors: Ansley Robert James , Cooper Caitlyn , Zhang Tian
Published: November 2019

In the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of the United States, encroachment of the native invasive woody legume, honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.), has caused a decline in C4 mid‐grass abundance. Prosopis glandulosa invasion has also facilitated growth of the C3 mid‐grass species, Texas wintergrass (Nassella leucotricha [Trin & Rupr.] Pohl) initially beneath its canopy but extending to interspaces between P. glandulosa as stand density increases. Little is known about the stability of the Prosopis/Nassella association or C4 grass recovery following P. glandulosa disturbance.

We quantified C3 and C4 grass production in interspaces, and basal cover in interspaces and P. glandulosa subcanopy microsites for 9 years following P. glandulosa suppression (top‐kill) and compared this to untreated P. glandulosa woodland (woodland).

The Prosopis/Nassella association limited the window of C4 mid‐grass recovery to only a few years. Nassella leucotricha dominated grass production during the first 3 years after top‐kill. C4 mid‐grass recovery began in year 4, but was interrupted by severe drought in years 5 through 7. Recovery resumed in year 8, due to above‐average summer rainfall, but P. glandulosa regrowth was large enough by this time to limit C4 mid‐grass production to a third of its potential.

Nassella leucotricha basal cover remained dominant and stable in woodland subcanopy microsites, even during drought, and only briefly declined in top‐kill subcanopy microsites before returning to pretreatment levels by year 8 as P. glandulosa regrowth increased and provided shade.

Synthesis and applications. A single suppression event had little impact on disrupting the Prosopis/Nassella association and allowing C4 mid‐grass recovery. The coupling of a deciduous, N‐fixing C3 woody species with this C3 perennial grass may be a vegetative “state” that is resistant to multiple woody suppression disturbances and permanently limits the transition back to C4 grassland.
Advances in Inkjet‐Printed Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Mathies Florian , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Unger Eva L.
Published: November 2019

Inkjet printing (IJP) has evolved over the past 30 years into a reliable, versatile, and cost‐effective industrial production technology in many areas from graphics to printed electronic applications. Intensive research efforts have led to the successful development of functional electronic inks to realize printed circuit boards, sensors, lighting, actuators, energy storage, and power generation devices. Recently, a promising solution‐processable material class has entered the stage: metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Within just 10 years of research, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on a laboratory scale increased to over 25%. Despite the complex nature of MHPs, significant progress has also been made in controlling film formation in terms of ink development, substrate wetting behavior, and crystallization processes of inkjet‐printed MHPs. This results in highly efficient inkjet‐printed PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of almost 21%, paving the way for cost‐effective and highly efficient thin‐film solar cell technology. In addition, the excellent optoelectronic properties of inkjet‐printed MHPs achieve remarkable results in photodetectors, X‐ray detectors, and illumination applications. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art and recent advances in the production of inkjet‐printed MHPs for highly efficient and innovative optoelectronic devices is provided.
Large‐scale dynamic causal modeling of major depressive disorder based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Li Guoshi , Liu Yujie , Zheng Yanting , Li Danian , Liang Xinyu , Chen Yaoping , Cui Ying , Yap Pew‐Thian , Qiu Shijun , Zhang Han , Shen Dinggang
Published: November 2019

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental illness characterized by dysfunctional connectivity among distributed brain regions. Previous connectome studies based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have focused primarily on undirected functional connectivity and existing directed effective connectivity (EC) studies concerned mostly task‐based fMRI and incorporated only a few brain regions. To overcome these limitations and understand whether MDD is mediated by within‐network or between‐network connectivities, we applied spectral dynamic causal modeling to estimate EC of a large‐scale network with 27 regions of interests from four distributed functional brain networks (default mode, executive control, salience, and limbic networks), based on large sample‐size resting‐state fMRI consisting of 100 healthy subjects and 100 individuals with first‐episode drug‐naive MDD. We applied a newly developed parametric empirical Bayes (PEB) framework to test specific hypotheses. We showed that MDD altered EC both within and between high‐order functional networks. Specifically, MDD is associated with reduced excitatory connectivity mainly within the default mode network (DMN), and between the default mode and salience networks. In addition, the network‐averaged inhibitory EC within the DMN was found to be significantly elevated in the MDD. The coexistence of the reduced excitatory but increased inhibitory causal connections within the DMNs may underlie disrupted self‐recognition and emotional control in MDD. Overall, this study emphasizes that MDD could be associated with altered causal interactions among high‐order brain functional networks.
Crystallized and fluid intelligence are predicted by microstructure of specific white‐matter tracts
Authors: Góngora Daylín , Vega‐Hernández Mayrim , Jahanshahi Marjan , Valdés‐Sosa Pedro A. , Bringas‐Vega Maria L. ,   CHBMP
Published: November 2019

Studies of the neural basis of intelligence have focused on comparing brain imaging variables with global scales instead of the cognitive domains integrating these scales or quotients. Here, the relation between mean tract‐based fractional anisotropy (mTBFA) and intelligence indices was explored. Deterministic tractography was performed using a regions of interest approach for 10 white‐matter fascicles along which the mTBFA was calculated. The study sample included 83 healthy individuals from the second wave of the Cuban Human Brain Mapping Project, whose WAIS‐III intelligence quotients and indices were obtained. Inspired by the “Watershed model” of intelligence, we employed a regularized hierarchical Multiple Indicator, Multiple Causes model (MIMIC), to assess the association of mTBFA with intelligence scores, as mediated by latent variables summarizing the indices. Regularized MIMIC, used due to the limited sample size, selected relevant mTBFA by means of an elastic net penalty and achieved good fits to the data. Two latent variables were necessary to describe the indices: Fluid intelligence (Perceptual Organization and Processing Speed indices) and Crystallized Intelligence (Verbal Comprehension and Working Memory indices). Regularized MIMIC revealed effects of the forceps minor tract on crystallized intelligence and of the superior longitudinal fasciculus on fluid intelligence. The model also detected the significant effect of age on both latent variables.
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Elastography Improves the Detection of NASH Regression Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Allen Alina M. , Shah Vijay H. , Therneau Terry M. , Venkatesh Sudhakar K. , Mounajjed Taofic , Larson Joseph J. , Mara Kristin C. , Kellogg Todd A. , Kendrick Michael L. , McKenzie Travis J. , Greiner Suzanne M. , Li Jiahui , Glaser Kevin J. , Wells Michael L. , Gunneson Timothy J. , Ehman Richard L. , Yin Meng
Published: November 2019

Disease monitoring in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is limited by absence of noninvasive biomarkers of disease regression or progression. We aimed to examine the role of multiparametric three‐dimensional magnetic resonance elastography (3D‐MRE) and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) in the detection of NASH regression after interventions. This is a single‐center prospective clinical trial of 40 patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Imaging and liver biopsies were obtained at baseline and 1 year after surgery. The imaging protocol consisted of multifrequency 3D‐MRE to determine the shear stiffness at 60 Hz and damping ratio at 40 Hz, and MRI‐PDFF to measure the fat fraction. A logistic regression model including these three parameters was previously found to correlate with NASH. We assessed the model performance in the detection of NASH resolution after surgery by comparing the image‐predicted change in NAFLD activity score (delta NAS) to the histologic changes. A total of 38 patients (median age 43, 87% female, 30 of 38 with NAS ≥ 1, and 13 of 38 with NASH) had complete data at 1 year. The NAS decreased in all subjects with NAS ≥ 1 at index biopsy, and NASH resolved in all 13. There was a strong correlation between the predicted delta NAS by imaging and the delta NAS by histology (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). The strength of correlation between histology and the predicted delta NAS using single conventional parameters, such as the fat fraction by MRI‐PDFF or shear stiffness at 60 Hz by MRE, was r = 0.69 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.43 (P = 0.009), respectively. Conclusion: Multiparametric 3D‐MRE and MRI‐PDFF can detect histologic changes of NASH resolution after bariatric surgery. Studies in a nonbariatric setting are needed to confirm the performance as a composite noninvasive biomarker for longitudinal NASH monitoring.
Experimenting LoRa‐compliant solutions in Real‐World Scenarios
Authors: Tresca Giulia , Vista Francesco , Boccadoro Pietro
Published: November 2019

Long Range (LoRa) is one of the most promising technologies in the context of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs). Thanks to its unique features, it addresses some of the most representative Internet of Things (IoT) constraints, since it lowers energy footprints over long‐distance communications. In the context of environmental monitoring, many LoRa‐compliant solutions are now available. This work proposes a case‐study analysis of rapid prototyping platforms that leverage both the simplicity and effectiveness of the LoRa technology in the context of outdoor communications. The conducted experimental campaign concretely demonstrated the effects of the Spreading Factor (SF), Bandwidth (BW), and Coding Rate (CR) on the communication range in urban environments. At the same time, results highlighted that, in a 7 km range, the Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) can be as low as 15%.
dGEMRIC and CECT Comparison of Cationic and Anionic Contrast Agents in Cadaveric Human Metacarpal Cartilage
Authors: Freedman Jonathan D. , Ellis Daniel J. , Lusic Hrvoje , Varma Gopal , Grant Aaron K. , Lakin Benjamin A. , Snyder Brian D. , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: November 2019

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are widely used to image cartilage and their diagnostic capability is enhanced in the presence of contrast agents. The aim of the study is to directly compare the performance between commercial anionic MRI (Gd(DTPA), Gd2−) and CT (Ioxaglate, Iox1−) contrast agents with novel cationic MRI (Gd(DTPA)Lys2, Gd4+) and CT (CA4+) contrast agents for assessment of cartilage mechanical and biochemical properties using the ex vivo human osteoarthritis metacarpal cartilage model. First, indentation testing was conducted to obtain the compressive modulus of the human fifth metacarpals. The samples were then immersed in the anionic and cationic contrast agents prior to delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage and CT scanning, respectively. The cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and distribution were determined using the 1,9‐dimethylmethylene blue assay and Safranin‐O histology. Cationic agents significantly accumulate in cartilage compared with anionic agents. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) exist between imaging results of cationic agents and GAG content (Gd4+: R2 = 0.43; CA4+: R2 = 0.67) and indentation equilibrium modulus (Gd4+: R2 = 0.48; CA4+: R2 = 0.77). Significant negative correlations are observed between anionic MRI relaxation times, but not contrast‐enhanced computed tomography attenuation and cartilage GAG content (Gd2−: R2 = 0.56, p < 0.05; Iox1−: R2 = 0.31, p > 0.05) and indentation equilibrium modulus (Gd2−: R2 = 0.38, p < 0.05; Iox1−: R2 = 0.17, p > 0.05). MRI or CT with cationic contrast agents provides greater sensitivity than their anionic analogs at assessing the biochemical and biomechanical properties of ex vivo human metacarpal cartilage. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:719‐725, 2020
An Easy Fabricable Film for Organic Electronics Based on Phenoxy and Epoxy
Authors: Rafiqul Bari Gazi A. K. M. , Kim Haekyoung
Published: November 2019

A polymeric substrate is an essential component of a flexible organic electronic device. A novel composition of phenoxy and epoxy resin, phenoxy epoxy polymer (PE polymer), film is fabricated. The process of synthesis and fabrication of the film is optimized. The PE polymer film shows the high optical transmittance of 90.1%. Furthermore, the PE polymer film has exhibited high stability of transparency after humid, UV, IR, acid, and base treatments. The PE polymer film also demonstrates a higher contact angle than the PET, and considerable tensile strength and chemical resistance ability. The PE polymer film provides significant developed barrier ability to allow only 87.2% permeation than the PET film. The new PE polymer film has a high prospect for the flexible organic electronic device as a barrier film or substrate.
Weight Stigma Among Sexual Minority Adults: Findings from a Matched Sample of Adults Engaged in Weight Management
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Himmelstein Mary S. , Pearl Rebecca L. , Wojtanowski Alexis C. , Foster Gary D.
Published: November 2019

Objective

Despite elevated rates of obesity among some groups of sexual minority (SM) adults, research examining weight stigma in this population is scarce.

Methods

Weight stigma and weight‐related health correlates were assessed in SM adults (N = 658) versus heterosexual adults (N = 658) matched on sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, and BMI. Adults enrolled in WW (formerly Weight Watchers) completed digital questionnaires assessing experienced weight stigma, weight bias internalization (WBI), weight cycling, eating self‐efficacy, eating to cope, physical activity, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).

Results

Survey response rates ranged from 0.8% to 3.5%. There were no differences in experienced weight stigma between SM and heterosexual participants; more than two‐thirds experienced weight stigma, and more than 50% reported stigma from family, health care providers, teachers and classmates, and community members. Gay men endorsed higher WBI than heterosexual men (β = 0.22, P < 0.001). Regardless of sexual orientation, WBI was associated with poorer mental HRQOL, lower eating self‐efficacy, and increased eating to cope, controlling for demographics and BMI.

Conclusions

Experiencing weight stigma is as common for SM adults as heterosexual adults engaged in weight management, and WBI is associated with maladaptive eating behaviors and poor mental HRQOL. Increased attention to weight stigma and its health implications in SM populations is warranted.
Early Nonfood Parent‐Infant Interactions and Development of Obesity in a High‐Risk, Diverse Sample
Authors: Kong Kai Ling , Eiden Rina D. , Paluch Rocco A.
Published: November 2019

Objective

This study aimed to understand the protective role of positive mother‐infant interactions in the context of food and nonfood behaviors against obesity risk later in life among a cohort of low‐income children at high prenatal risk due to maternal substance use during pregnancy.

Methods

The sample consisted of 216 mother‐infant dyads (49% boys) participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. Mother‐infant interactions during a feeding episode and a free‐play task were measured at child age 1 and 7 months, respectively. Children's length/height and weight were measured at 1, 7, 13, 24, 36, and 48 months of age; at kindergarten age (approximately 60 months); and in second grade (approximately 84 months). BMI growth trajectories were modeled.

Results

No significant associations were found between mother‐child feeding interactions and child BMI trajectories. Maternal warmth (95% CI: −0.020 to −0.0005; P = 0.04) and child positive affect (95% CI: −0.020 to −0.002; P = 0.014) during free play were associated with a more normative child BMI trajectory.

Conclusions

Results from this study indicated that high maternal warmth and child positive affect during play, but not feeding interactions, are associated with reduced obesity risk from infancy to middle childhood in the context of high pre‐ and postnatal risks.