bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Metal Ion Dopants on Absorption Spectra and Photoreactivity of TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Jian Hua , Yao Mao Sheng , Wang Xiao Lin , Feng Juan Juan
Published: May 2011

This paper has systematically investigated the effects of 13 metal ion dopants on the photoreactivity and UV adsorption of TiO2 nanoparticle. The pure and ion-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using so-gel method. The absorption spectra of the TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained using UV-Visible spectrometer. The wavelength of the absorption edge of TiO2 was calculated using the tangent method. In general, different doping ion types were observed to exhibit different effects on the absorption spectra and photoreactivity of TiO2 nanoparticles. Ion concentrations were also shown to play a important role in the photoreactivity of the catalyst except Ag+, La3+, Zn2+ ions. Results reveal that red shift occurred to all ion-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with absorption edge ranging from 426 nm to 437 nm under optimal ion concentrations. Photocatalysis was shown to be inversely proportional to the amount of red shift of the absorption edge of implanted TiO2. Among the ions investigated, Ni-doped TiO2 nanoparticles have shown highest photoreactivity at the ion concentration 6.04×1017cm-3. The research results may provide references about enhancing the photoreactivity of TiO2 nanoparticles by applying metal ion doping.
UV/Vis Absorption, Emission Spectra and Two-Photo Absorption Cross Sections of 4-Dihydroquinolinone Derivatives
Authors: Qi Qi , Ha Yong Quan , Xu Hai Qing , Sun Yue Ming
Published: May 2011

A series of 4-dihydroquinolinone derivatives were fully optimized by density functional theory (DFT), Hartree-Fock (HF) and Configuration Interaction Singlet (CIS) approaches. Absorption spectra, emission spectra and two-photon absorption cross sections were calculated by using time-dependent density functional theory and few-state model. Calculations were performed in the presence of solvent by using Conductor polarizable continuum model (CPCM). The molecular geometries, absorption spectra, emission spectra were in good agreement well with those experiment values. The absorption and emission peak red-shifted as a result of the extension of the conjugated structures. The introduction of heteroatoms such as F, Cl and Br gave rise to intramolecular transfer and the blueshift of the absorption and the emission spectra. The introduction of O or S atoms in two sides of molecules propelled the redshift of the absorption and emission maximum.
Research on Synthesis of Neutral Sizing Agent by Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Zhu Hong Xiang , Wang Shuang Fei , Wang Ying Hui , Xia Nan Nan , He Hui
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a sizing agent applied in papermaking was synthesized via emulsion polymerization using styrene (St), methyl acrylic acid (MAA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as monomer. In this process, potassium persulfate (KPS) was used as a initiator and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) and OP-10 were used as the emulsifier or no emulsifier was used, while NB2Bwas used as a protective atmosphere for the reaction system. The product of emulsion polymerization with St and BA has a good comprehensive properties and a certain sizing effectiveness. Furthermore, the microwave irradiation could not only produce emulsions with small diametric particles but also shorten the polymerized time greatly.
Antioxidant Activities of Soluble Dietary Fiber Extracted from Brewers’ Spent Grain
Authors: Fu Quan Yi , Yu Xu Cong , Li Lin , Liu Guo Qin , Li Bing
Published: May 2011

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the most common by-product of the brewing industry, contains about 16.8% cellulose, 28.4% non-cellulosic polysaccharides and 27.8% lignin, which is a good raw material for industrial production of soluble dietary fiber (SDF).The antioxidant activity of crude dietary fiber (CDF) and grade dietary fiber (GDF) isolated from BSG was investigated in vitro. The scavenging hydroxyl radical capability of CDF and GDF was respectively reached to15.4% and 69.2% at the concentration of 0.1mg /mL. DF concentration from 0.02mg /mL to 0.1m g /mL was used. The scavenging capability of CDF and GDF to superoxide anion radical was increased from 10.68% and 12.33% to 35.78% and 78.39%. Both of the two DF showed some effect in scavenging superoxide radical and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with the concentration increase. The result showed that BSG DF can be used as a good additive with some functionality.
Application of Imidazolinylquaternary-Ammonium-Salt Compound Inhibitor for A20 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Pickling
Authors: Yang Dao Wu , Zhang Yun Yun , Yang Yue Zhu , Tong Hai Xia , Sun Yang
Published: May 2011

To enhance the water solubility and inhibition efficiency of 2-phenyl-imidazoline, a type of imidazolinylquaternary-ammonium-salt（IMA）was synthesized from 2 - phenyl-imidazoline and benzyl chloride.And then the compound inhibitor was manufactured with IMA, potassium iodide, triethanolamine, polyoxyethylene ether and peregal by weight loss through orthogonal experiment. The effect of the compound inhibitoron on corrosion of A20 carbon steel in hydrochloric acid have been investigated in relation to it’s concentration by various corrosion monitoring techniques. Polarization studies showed depression of cathodic and anodic polarization curves in the presence of the compound inhibitor, indicating mixed type inhibition. EIS results show that the changes in the impedance parameters (Rp and Cd) with concentrations of the compound inhibitor are indicative of the adsorption of these molecules leading to the formation of a protective layer on steel surface.
Study on Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide/Tungsten Oxide
Authors: Wu Dao Xin , Yin Zhou Lan , Chen Qi Yuan , Li Jie , Huang Ke Long
Published: May 2011

Originated from(C4H9O)4Ti, TiO2was synthesized by low temperature hydrolysis process in this paper. After being prepared by decomposing ammonium tungstate and covering on the surface of TiO2, TiO2/WO3were characterized by XRD, DRS, FS. With sunlight as the light source, pH=5.0, catalyst concentration was 1.0g.L-1, concentration of methyl orange was 5.0mg.L-1.It has been shown that TiO2/WO3powders(15%,873K) has the most photodegradation efficiency, and the degradation efficiency of 95% after 4 hours.
Study on Kinetics of Electroless Plating Palladiumon on Ni-P Coatings
Authors: Wu Dao Xin , Liu Ying , Xiao Zhong Liang
Published: May 2011

Single factor method was used to investigate the effects of the main technical parameters ,which was on the Pd deposition rate in electroless Pd plating process. The kinetic equation of palladium deposition was established. When the concentration of EDTA-2Na was less than 6g/L，V= 0.783 CA1.00784 CB0.15225 Cc-0.3373 CD0.29417 exp[10.76×103(T-298)/(298RT)] .When the concentration of EDTA-2Na was more than 6g/L ,V= 2.147CA1.00784 CB0.15225 Cc-0.3373 CD-0.33376 exp[10.76×103(T-298)/(298RT)] .
Theoretical Study of Density Function Theory on Excited States of Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Huang Zhi Xong , Qin Gang , Zhang Ming , Qin Yan , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: May 2011

The excited states of methyl methacrylate(MMA) were calculated by CIS method, MMA molecules on the ground and excited states of molecular structures were optimized. The HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals of MMA molecule are given in the ground state and excited state . The results show that: MMA is excited, the molecular orbital from 27 → 28, the excitation energy is 1.4310eV, Carbon-carbon（C=C）double bonds break.
Modification of the Waste Fluorgypsum and its Comprehensive Utilization with Fly Ash in Concrete
Authors: Yang Dao Wu , Yao Yan , Liu Yi , Tong Hai Xia
Published: May 2011

The waste fluorgypsum was modified and its comprehensive utilization with fly ash in concrete was studied. Eight-channel micro-calorimeter (TAM Air) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the basic properties and application performance of the modified fluorgypsum. Experimental results indicated that the modifying made the fluorgypsum crystal staggered mutually and improved the strength of the hardened body. The modified fluorgypsum and fly ash could delay reaction of cement hydration and reduce the heat of hydration of cement. When fluorgypsum was added to the cement, the fluorgypsum beared the function of enhancing the early stage compressive strength of concrete.
Effects of Frozen at Different Time Postmortem and Thawed at Different Thawing Rate on the Sensory and Storage Quality of Chinese Sausage
Authors: Yu Xiao Ling , Li Xue Bin , Xiao Hua , Ma Han Jun , Cheng Liang
Published: May 2011

Uniform design was adopted, and two factors, i.e., frozen at different time postmortem with six levels, thawing at different thawing rate with three levels, were considered. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), pH and sensory evaluation were measured to study the different effects of the two factors considered. The results showed: All the two factors considered had significant effects on pH and TBARS, and the effects of the two factors on them were nonlinear. But they had no significant effects on sensory evaluation. TBARS values representing the storage quality of raw sausages was only affected by thawing rate in the test, and had the maximum at the thawing rate of 3cm/h thawed in 19.5°C still air. So when using frozen raw meat for sausage production, selecting an appropriate thawing condition is very necessary.
Development and Evaluation on Surfactant Used in Chemical Flooding
Authors: Liu Qi Cheng , Liu Yong Jian
Published: May 2011

Oil component and molecule structures is studied by application of gas chromatogram, infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance to develop high efficiency and cost effective surfactant used for chemical flooding, HZS surfactant has been developed on basis of relationship between effectiveness and structure of the surfactant. Study on surfactant structure characterization and performance evaluation suggests that oil/water interfacial tension is super low when distribution of carbon number of main component of surfactant is identical to the distribution of main component of oil, and concentration impairment due to surfactant retention on surface of core. Reference can be provided to reservoir selection and surfactant development of other oilfield.
Estimation of Organochlorine Pesticides and Dioxin-Like PCBs in Surface Sediments from Baihua Lake
Authors: Luo Jin , Fu Li Ya , Hu Ji Wei , Yu Zheng Wen , Liu Chun , Duan Su Ming , Jin Xiao Fei
Published: May 2011

The concentration of eight organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and twelve dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were estimated in nine surface sediment samples from Baihua Lake. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied using selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode for the quantification of the OCPs and for the qualification of the dl-PCBs. The results showed that the concentrations of DDTs varied from 1.04 to 36.74 ng g-1(dry weight) in these sampling locations, and that of HCHs was in the range from 0.57 to 8.90 ng g-1. In addition, PCB167 and PCB169 were detected in several sediment samples.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Air Core Polymer Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Chien Hsi Hsin , Ma Kung Jeng , Yeh Yun Peng , Chao Choung Lii
Published: May 2011

Polymer based photonic crystal fibers with low cost manufacturability, and the mechanical and chemical flexibility offer key advantages over traditional silica based photonic crystal fibers. PMMA photonic crystal fiber was fabricated by stacking an array of PMMA capillaries to form a preform, and followed by fusing and drawing into fiber with a draw tower. The air hole diameter and fraction of photonic crystal fiber can be manipulated by the thickness of PMMA capillaries and drawing temperature. The measurement of mechanical properties was performed by universal testing machine. The air core guiding phenomena was observed in air-core PMMA photonic crystal fiber. The ultimate tensile strength of PMMA photonic crystal fiber increases with the increase of the air-hole fraction. The mechanical strengths of all the microstructured optical fibers are higher than those of traditional PMMA fibers. This can be attributed to the introduction of more cellular interfaces which hinder the crack propagation and hence improve the mechanical strength. The plastic extension of PMMA microstructured optical fiber decreases with the increase of the air-hole fraction. Overall, the mechanical flexibility of PMMA microstructured optical fiber is superior than that of traditional PMMA optical fibers.
Manufacturing Design of the Novel Multi-Layer Blending Machine
Authors: Lin Jia Horng , Hsing Wen Hao , Lin Ching Wen , Hsieh Chien Teng , Cho Wen Tai , Lou Ching Wen
Published: May 2011

In this study, a multi-layer blending machine was designed to mix cotton evenly. Being put inside via the feeding port, cotton was spread evenly by the oscillator which moves from left to right back and forth successively. Subsequently, cotton was stored as the multi-layer fibrous cotton in the rear reserve tank. Delivered by the first and the second conveyer belt, the fibrous cotton was sent to the front storage chamber to be cut by a lattice which pulled and dragged the marching cotton vertically. Finally, the processed cotton was rolled out by a striper roller, falling at a certain spot as scheduled, after which spread and blended evenly and thoroughly.
The Influence of TiO2 on Synthesizing the Structure of the Cordierite
Authors: Luo Xu Dong , Qu Dian Li , Zhang Guo Dong , Liu Hai Xiao
Published: May 2011

This paper mainly discuss the TiO2 on synthesizing the crystal structure of the cordierite, crystallinity, grain size, sintering properties. Use the software of X 'Pert plus to fit the XRD diagram, analyzing the properties of the crystallization, with the Scherrer formula to calculate the size of the cordierite in the specimen, discussing the TiO2 on synthesizing the crystal structure of the cordierite, the influence of microcosmic structure and sintering property can be carried out analysis with SEM. The results show that moderate introducing TiO2 in the process of the cordierite synthesis can easily make the crystal defects, but it can reduce the diffusion resistance of the particle, improve the particle diffusing speed and make the crystallinity of crystallization phase and grain size increase in sample. Due to the radius of the solute ion are greater than the radius of the solvents ion and to some degree the "inflation" function of the clearance of ions can also promotes the volume of the crystal cell. Introduction of excessive TiO2, the density of the sample and the sintering property is better, but the property of crystallization is declined.
Impact of Different Chemical Materials and Technologies on Leather Conductivity
Authors: Wang Jian Gen , Liu Ya Hui , Sun Li Rong , Cheng Fei , Wang Ning
Published: May 2011

The paper researches the processing for leather by utilizing different kinds of tanning materials, retanning and leather fatliquoring, and analyses the effect of leather electroconductibility influenced by water ratio in it and pressure added on the leather. The study illustrates: the greater electric conduction function of tanning materials or amount of polar radical they containing, the better conductivity the leather has. There is a compact relationship between the electric charge of different chemical material which were added in leather and electric conduction function, and the electrical conductivity of leather can be improved obviously by increasing the electric charge and water ratio the leather has.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Anisotropic Shrinkage during Sintering
Authors: Peng Zhou , Xiao Jian Zhong , Mei Si Yang , Huang Shi Jun
Published: May 2011

With a view of simulating the dimensional changes during sintering of rectangle green bodies, the thermo-mechanical behavior of zirconium powder compacts at high temperature is investigated. In order to better describe the behavior of anisotropic shrinkage, the revised Master Sintering Curve is modified. Finite element calculations are then carried out on the green body according to the modified equation with the different shrinkages coefficients at the different stages of sintering. The possible causes of the anisotropic shrinkage are explained by macro-surface energy model. Numerical shape predictions have been compared with experimental data, which are considered to be in good agreement.
Synthesis of 2-Chloro-4,6-Diamino-5-Cyanopyrimidine and its Amino-Substituted Derivatives
Authors: Yu Hong Mei , Li Hai Feng , Jia Hong Min , Zhu Xiu Hui
Published: May 2011

The important pyrimidine intermediate 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-5-cyanopyrimidine was prepared by the cyclization of sodium salt of 1-amino-1-cyanamino-2,2-dicyanoethylene which was obtained from sodium dicyanamide and malononitrile via the nucleophilic addition in good yield and purity. The 4,6-diamino-5-cyanopyrimidines substituted with different amino groups could be synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of amines, and they have good bactericidal activities to some funguses.
Study on Factors Affecting Properties of Silica
Authors: Liu Quan Xiao , Xu Wen Cai , Lv Yu Bin , Li Jin Li
Published: May 2011

Silica was prepared by precipitation method in the laboratory, and the factors which affect the performance of silica were evaluated. The results show that the reduction of concentration of base solution and reaction temperature and the increase of pH value could improve the specific surface area of precipitation silica. Specific surface area of silica prepared in laboratory is greater than which was prepared in production line and DBP absorption value and particle size are smaller than the latter. Drying process and drying methods have important influences on performance of precipitation silica. Mechanical pulverization could reduce the particle size of silica slightly and the stacking density obviously.
Emulsifying Effect of Solid Particles on Epoxy Resin E-44
Authors: Zhou Li Xin , Wang Jun Xia , Ye Chu Ping , Li Ling Lan , Lu Chang Li
Published: May 2011

Emulsify epoxy resin E-44 with heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, aerosil, surface-modified aerosil and bentonite BP-187. The experimental results show that neither heavy calcium carbonate nor light calcium carbonate has emulsifying effect. O/W type emulsion can not be obtained with aerosil and bentonite BP-187. Surfactant-modified aerosilCTAB-SiO2and DTAB-SiO2do have emulsifying effect, and they can transform into more stable O/W type emulsion. The synergy between BP-17, EP-1 and CTAB-SiO2is obvious. Hydrophilic emulsifier EP-1 could be replaced by CTAB-SiO2or BP-187 completely or partly to prepare stable O/W emulsion. The TEM result show that the disperse phase of the emulsion produced by CTAB-SiO2and the compound emulsifier of CTAB-SiO2and BP-187 is irregular floc, and the disperse phase of the aqueous emulsion produced by the compound emulsifier of CTAB-SiO2and EP-1 is regular globular or ellipsoidal multiple emulsion.
Study on Fire Retardant Properties of Flaky Mg(OH)2 Nano-Powders
Authors: Wang Wei , Gu Hui Min , Sun Li Qin , Li Zai Yuan , Zhai Yu Chun
Published: May 2011

Mg(OH)2is a kind of inorganic fire retardant additive with many excellent properties. In this paper, taking MgSO4as magnesium source and mixed alkali solution of NaOH and ammonia water as precipitant, flaky Mg(OH)2powders were synthesized via precipitation method. The fire retardancies of product were tested through preparing and characterizing fire retardant paint, which completely meet the first technical requirements of national standard.
Synchronous Concentrating and Purifying Dilute Nickel Wastewater by Electrodeionization Technology
Authors: Lu Hui Xia , Wang Jian You , Bu Shao Feng
Published: May 2011

Applicable configuration alteration of the electrodeionization （EDI）process commonly for pure water production was carried out to treat dilute nickel wastewater in this paper. The effects of major operating parameters such as applied voltage, dilute and concentrate stream flow rates on the performance of EDI process were investigated systematically. The results showed that, with the feed water containing 50mg·L-1 Ni2+ and pH of 5.7, the dilute resistivity of the EDI could reach higher than 1.0MΩ·cm which gave a Ni2+ rejection more than 99.8% while the Ni2+ was concentrated as high as 1564mg·L-1 in the concentrate stream by optimizing the operating parameters. It was indicated that pure water production and concentrating of heavy metal ions could be simultaneously accomplished via EDI technology just in one process, valuable heavy metal and water resource could be recovered as well.
The Effect of Metal Ions on the Removal of Natural Organic Acids by Bi-Functional Resin
Authors: Xu Li , Wang Jin Nan , Li Ai Min
Published: May 2011

In this paper, based on the previous studies of natural organic acids adsorbed onto bi-functional resin, the influence of metal ions on the adsorption of humic, tannic and gallic acids by bi-function resin WJN-06 were systematically investigated. Low concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in solution could decrease the resin’s adsorption capacity for gallic acids, but increased the removal rate of humic and tannic acids. Low concentration of Cu2+ and Pb2+ in solution could enhance the uptake of these three natural organic acids. However the high concentration of metal ions in solution could decrease the adsorption capacity of bi-functional resin for humic, tannic and gallic acids.
Glyphosate Degradation with Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combined Adsorption Treatment and Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Zhang Min Dong , Wei Yan Fei , Zhao Kun , Mei Rong Wu , Huang Mei
Published: May 2011

Disposal of total phosphorus in wastewater from glyphosate production was studied by combined adsorption treatment and advanced oxidation processes. The effect of the nano-metal/resin complexes on the result of experiment was investigated. And it is found that complex of nano-metal on the resin surface do not have obvious effect on the adsorption behavior of resin and nano-metal complexes. Taking advantage from the nano-metal/resin complexes in advanced oxidation processes, the maximum degradation rate of glyphosate was enhanced up to 60.5%.
Electrosorptive Deionization Based on Activated Carbon Capacitor Prepared from Bamboo Char
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zuo Dan , Guo Su Li , Cao Zhong , Liu Jun , Meng Qiu Jie , Yu Xi Yan
Published: May 2011

A kind of bamboo char with high specific surface area has been studied as the absorption material of the activated carbon electrodes, and the electrosorptive deionization ability of the as-obtained electrodes for elimination of metal ions in tap water has been examined under certain direct voltage. The effects of the distance between the elect rode plates, and the numbers of the electrode plates have been investigated in detail. The results show that the electrodes exhibit the optimal deionization ability over 2 cm of distance between the electrode plates and 4 couples of the elect rode plates. The reverse wash treatment indicates that the activated carbon electrodes can be cycle used. The efficiency order of the electrosorptive deionization of different metal ions on the activated carbon electrode has been summarized as follows: Pb2+＞Cu2+＞Cr3+＞Cd2+.
Measures to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission of China Cement Industry
Authors: Hao Li Xia , Zhao Feng Qing , Zhao Peng Xiang
Published: May 2011

Cement industry bear the brunt in the tide of resisting global warming because of large carbon dioxide emission. Five low-carbon measures and implementation approach to Chinese cement industry was put forward: Increasing industrial concentration degree and developing new dry process cement; Processing waste in cement kilns and reducing the use of raw materials and fuels; Increasing the amount of admixture in cement; Producing cement from calcium oxide content solid waste; Taking energy-saving measures such as cogeneration and grinding technology.
The Effect of Disulphide Bond in Metallodeuteroporphyrin on Their Catalytic Activity for Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexane
Authors: Sun Cheng Guo , Hu Bing Cheng , Deng Quan Zhi
Published: May 2011

Two novel types of metallo-deuteroporphyrins bearing the disulphide bond were employed to investigate their catalytic activity in oxidation of cyclohexane with molecular oxygen (air) to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone without the use of sacriﬁcial co-reductant. The catalytic activity of metallo-deuteroporphyrin disulphide derivatives was obvious difference when different metals were incorporated into the porphyrin. However, the same metal cobalt porphyrin complexes exhibited the different catalytic efficiency due to the effect of substituents. Co(II)deuteroporphyrin disulphide derivative is more active than other metallo-porphyrin complexes. On the basis of the obtained results the new reaction process is discussed.
Application of Pulse Electrocoagulation to Dye Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Chen Yi Min , Zhou Bao Xue , Li Long Hai , Song Yong Hiu , Li Jin Hua , Liu Yan Bao , Cai Wei Min
Published: May 2011

Electrocoagulation (EC) has been proven by a substantial number of studies to be an efficient technology to remove organic pollutants from wastewater. Nevertheless, the high energy consumption of this technology inhibits its extensive application. The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of electrical energy conservation and high efficiency by using Pulse Electrocoagulation (PE). PE, a combination of a pulsing technique and EC, was proposed in an attempt to treat the dye wastewater. The results demonstrated that PE, as compared with DCE (direct current electrocoagulation), resulted in up to 51.66% energy conservation by using two iron electrodes as anode and cathode. Moreover, this high energy conservation was obtained during a high level of treatment efficiency: 99.62% of color removal and 91.15% of COD removal for 1000 mg L-1 4BS solution in a short electrolyzing time of 15 mins.
The Relation between δ18O of Precipitation and Air Temperature in Northern China
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Zong Yu
Published: May 2011

The relation between isotopic compositions of precipitation and surface air temperature provides an unique tool for paleoclimate studies. Ananysis was conducted of monthly and annual mean d18O content of precipitation and surface air temperature for spatial and a fixed location by using the the data of China (1985~2002) in Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) Database.This study shows that there is a positive correlation between d18O of precipitation and surface air temperature for those stations whose latitude is higher than 34°~36°N. The seasonal d18O-temperature gradient derived from the monthly data of 12 stations in northern China is about 0.34‰°C-1. The d18O-temperature gradient, however, derived from the longterm annual mean data of 13 stations,, is about 0.52‰°C -1 which is substantially larger than the seasonal gradient. This longterm annual d18O-temperature gradient could be used as the isotope thermometer for palaeoclimate reconstruction in mid- and high-latitude regions in China.
Separation and Recycling Non-Magnetic Metals from the Shredded Automobiles Scrap with Magnetic Fluids
Authors: Shao Hui Ping , Lin Tao , Luo Ji , Guo Zhi Meng
Published: May 2011

It is important to separate the nonmagnetic metals from shredded automobiles scraps efficiently. The research relates in general to the separation of non-magnetic metals automatically on the basis of the different density of the magnetic fluids in a magnetic field. A water-based magnetic fluid was prepared with a chemical coprecipitation method by using ultrasonic in dispersing process. The magnetic field system was design and simulated by a finite element analysis software package, ANSYS 8.1. Separation tests were performed on the mixtures of aluminum, zinc, copper and lead with various scrap size and shape using the water-based magnetic fluids.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Carbaryl over Novel MWNT-TiO2 Nanocomposite under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Dai Ke , Chen Hai Bo , Li Xu , Chen Hao , Huang Qiao Yun
Published: May 2011

The MWNT-TiO2nanocomposite was synthesized via direct growth of TiO2nanoparticles on the surface of the functionalized MWNTs by the hydrothermal treatment and utilized as the photocatalyst in the carbaryl degradation under both visible light and UV light irradiation. Visible-light-driven activity and enhanced UV-light-driven activity are both achieved as the composite MWNTs with TiO2can efficiently enhance the light absorption and charge separation and then photocatalytic activity. The photodegradation efficiency of carbaryl was examined by HPLC and IC techniques, which demonstrates that carbaryl can be readily degraded under visible light irradiation. Based on the obtained experimental results, assisted with the computer simulation of carbaryl molecule on PM3 level, it is presumed that the degradation of carbaryl starts with the break of N21-C23 and C19-N21 bonds and ends in the generation of naphthalen-1-ol before the ring-opening reaction.
The Experimental Study on the Road Asphalt Fumes Suppressive Effect of SBS and Nano Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Peng Xu Ya , Qian Shi Lin , Xiao Fei , Zhang Peng , Li Zhi Yang
Published: May 2011

In order to study the fume suppressive effect of SBS and nano calcium carbonate， this paper studied the fume suppression laws of SBS and nano calcium carbonate， and carried out ratio test of SBS and nano calcium carbonate, and got the conclusions that: With the increasing adding level of SBS and nano calcium carbonate, the asphalt fume productive rate will reduce gradually and will reach a condition of stability. The adding level of 4% of SBS is a turning point. When less than 4%, the asphalt fume production rate decreased rapidly; and more than 4%, the asphalt fume production rate decreased slowly; when adding nano calcium carbonate at the level of 5%, the asphalt fume won’t decrease. The best ratio of SBS and nano calcium carbonate is 6% of SBS and 6% of nano calcium carbonate, with which asphalt fume reductive rate was up to 30%.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Titania Pillared Montmorillonite Doped with Boron
Authors: Zhang Qiu Yan , Guo Xiang Feng , Jia Li Hua , Zhang Xue Ju
Published: May 2011

Boron doping titanium pillared montmorillonite (B-Ti-mont) were prepared by the sol-gel technique using sodic montmorillonite (Na-mont) as a substrate. Several technics such as XRD, SEM, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectra were used to characterize the samples. The results showed that all of the samples were of anatase, the absorption in the visible light region was strengthened after doped with boron. The basic skeleton of montmorillonite did not change after doping. The photocatalyst with the boron mole content of 5% displayed the best photocatalytic performance.
Study on the Treatment of Ammona-Nitrogen Wastewater by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate
Authors: He Li Na , Ye Hua , Cao Can , Li Ying Fen
Published: May 2011

Large quantities of ammonia-nitrogen (-N) in wastewater is one of the main causes of eutrophication that endanger both natural water bodies and fresh water seriously. Thus, it is necessary to find an economic and feasible method to remove the ammonium-nitrogen in wastewater before they are returned to the environment. Magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation method is one of the effective technology of wastewater treatment. In this paper, the influence of initial ammonia-nitrogen concentration, pH, temperature and mole ratio of :NH+4 :Mg2+were studied, What is more, the optimum condition of this process was determined. The results indicated that ammonia-nitrogen concentration is decreased from 1434 mg/L to 95.65 mg/L, and the removal rate reached 93.33% at the optimum conditions, which laying a foundation for the following biochemical treatment.
Research on the Preparation and Turbidity Removal Efficiency of Polysilicate Iron and Zinc(PSFZn) Coagulant
Authors: Wang Li Ping , Xu Ai Bin , Xu Xia , Du Er Deng , Yan Xiao Fei
Published: May 2011

A new coagulant polysilicate iron and zinc (PSFZn) was prepared by using sodium silicate, inorganic acid, ferric chloride, zinc chloride as raw materials, the factors of (Fe+Zn):Si molar ratio, Fe:Si molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and the dosage on coagulation performance were tested. The results showed that the best preparation condition of PSFZn were 60min of reaction time preparation, 30°C of temperature and 4:2:3 of n(Fe):n(Zn):n(SiO2). When the dosage was 0.4mL·L-1, the removal efficiency of turbidity was the best which could reach 98.07%. At the same time, it could be concluded that the coagulation mechanism of PSFZn was the combined action of the electric neutralization, the adsorption bridging and sticks the attachment to sweep, which was also the action of the silicic acid, the metal ions and the ions hydrolysate to the muddy colloid pellet in the simulated water sample.
Sonochemical Synthesis and Luminescence Property of YF3:Eu3+ Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhu Ling , Cao Xue Qiang , Yang Dao Wu
Published: May 2011

Highly uniform and monodisperse comet-likeYF3:Eu3+ nanocrystals has been successfully prepared by a sonochemical method under ambient air without any template. The as-prepared YF3:Eu3+ sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra.
Biodegradation of DDT in Soil under Different Conditions by White Rot Fungi and Laccase Extract from White Rot Fungi
Authors: Ma Wei Jian , Zhao Yue Chun , Wu Jun Qin
Published: May 2011

Biodegradation of 2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) -1, 1, 1-trichloroethane (DDT) in soil by white rot fungi and laccase under different experimental conditions was investigated. DDTs stands for the sum of p, p′-DDE, o, p′-DDT, p, p′-DDD and p, p′-DDT in soil. The results shown that the residues of DDTs in soils with different pH levels decreased by 79%, 76%, 73%, 70% and 67% after 28 days of incubation with white rot fungi and laccase, respectively. The residues of DDTs in different pH soils decreasing order was: pH4.5>pH3.5>pH5.5>pH2.5>pH6.5. The residues of DDTs in soils incubated with white rot fungi and laccase decreased with the increase of pollution levels of DDT, the residues of DDTs decrease by 47%, 56% and 70% after 28 days of incubation with white rot fungi and laccase, respectively. The white rot fungi and the laccase extract from white rot fungi can rapidly and efficiently degrade DDT in soil.
Synthesis and Application of α-Chloro Oleic Acid Monoester Floating Collector
Authors: Huang Qi Mao , Huang Jing Jing , Zhou Hong , Pan Zhi Quan , Chi Ru An
Published: May 2011

Novel floatation collector for phosphate ore, α-chloro oleic acid monoester of tartaric acid, was synthesized by steps of chlorination, acylation, esterification with oleic acid as raw material. The flotation properties for a low-grade collophanite in Hubei were evaluated. Result showed that novel collector had better performance than common fatty acid collector by less dosage. Its further application and promotion is significant for reducing the mineral processing cost of low-grade phosphate rocks.
The Realization of Nitrification and Denitrification Processes in Low C/N Sewage
Authors: Qiu Gao Shun , Qiu Ling Feng , Chen Yi Ming
Published: May 2011

The influences of HRT, C/N ratio on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and the rule of pH in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were investigated while treating low C/N synthetic municipal wastewater. The results showed that the function of SND became more outstanding and the removal rate of TN, NH4+-N was improved greatly by lengthening HRT appropriately; when the C/N increased, the denitrification effect of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification would be improved; .At the same time, the variation of pH value was well related to ammonia oxidation. So that judgment on the ending of nitrification and denitrification could be based on the inflection point on the varied curve of pH, and thus reducing aeration and mixing time for the purpose of energy saving.
Study on Microetching Performance of Hydrogen Peroxide / Sulfuric Acid System
Authors: Yang Yan , Li De Liang
Published: May 2011

In order to get the optimum technological conditions of the hydrogen peroxide /sulfuric acid system,the static corrosion method was used to study the related parameters including compositions of the microetching system and the operation temperature. The results of the experiment show that the microetching performance of the hydrogen peroxide /sulfuric acid system was excellent under optimum conditions of maintaining temperature at 30~35, copper concentration about 25 g/L, hydrogen peroxide 30~40 g/L and sulfuric acid content 70~90 g/L . The process of microetching is stable and controllable.
Trichloromonoxomolybdenum(V): An Efficient Catalyst for the Preparation of Symmetrical Disulfides from Thiols
Authors: Li Wen , Chen Shui Ku , Huang Zhan Hai , Fang Shui Xia , Li Can
Published: May 2011

Disulfides play important roles in biological and chemical processes. Oxidation of thiols is the most exploited method for disulfide synthesis. Trichloromonoxomolybdenum (V) has been found to be a superior oxotransfer reaction catalyst for the conversion of thiols to the corresponding disulfides in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. A viable kilo-scale synthesis of the symmetrical disulfide was described. Simple workups, economical and practical are the some advantages of this method.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Netlike Nano-TiO2 with Polylactic Acid (PLA) as Template
Authors: Xin Ling , Liu Bo , Ai Jiu Hong , Deng Jian Cheng
Published: May 2011

Novel netlike nano-TiO2 was successfully prepared using polylatic acid (PLA) as a new template, and in particular, it was recyclable as photocatalyst. The products obtained at various temperatures were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Besides, the products have an excellent photocatalysis to methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB).
The Characteristics of Chitosan Applied in Drinking Water Treatment
Authors: Li Shao Xiu , Hu Shu Jie , Li Dong Mei , Duan Wei Wei , Xia Wen Qin , Zheng Zhi Jia
Published: May 2011

Chitosan is a kind of natural, non-toxic and harmless substance. After its amino-group protonizing, it can form a cationic polymer which has excellent coagulation/flocculation properties. The application of chitosan in potable water treatment for the removal of particulates and dissolved organics has been studied extensively in the last decade. In order to further understand the specific property of chitosan applied in drinking water treatment, this paper introduces the effect of molecule weight and deacetylation of chitosan on coagulation/flocculation and coagulation/flocculation mechanism in drinking water treatment, gives an overview of chitosan characteristics of removal of suspend solids, organics and bacteria in water, particularly, describes the relationship between the removal efficiency of above impurities by chitosan and pH, dosage of chitosan.
Research of Treatment of 3-Aminophenol in Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Liu Jun Tan , Gao Huan , Liu Shi Jing
Published: May 2011

Under different sources of light, H2O2was used as oxidant, Fe2+or Fe3+was used as catalyst to treat 3-Aminophenol wastewater. The results showed that the degradation of 3-Aminophenol solution was markedly accelerated in the conditions of 450W high pressure mercury lamp or strong sunshine. The degradation of 3-Aminophenol had better effects, under sunshine, and 1.5 mL FeSO4·7H2O solution with concentration 2.5 g·L-1, 1.0 mL 6% H2O2, pH=3.5, were used. The degradation rate can reached to be as high as 99% after 40 min reaction.
Effect of Modified Diatomite Addition on Sludge Properties for Membrane Fouling Alleviation in Submerged Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Liu Shuo , Liu Yan Ping , Wang Bao Zhen , Wang Ji Fu
Published: May 2011

To alleviate the membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor, a kind of modified diatomite was used as anti-fouling agent to examine the effect on sludge properties in submerged membrane bioreactor for synthetic domestic wastewater treatment. Three submerged membrane bioreactor setups were operated under fixed membrane flux 21.9m3/m2·h, meanwhile, modified diatomite was added into each membrane bioreactor with dosage of 0mg/L, 1000mg/L and 2000mg/L respectively. Sludge particle size, extracellular polymeric substances and molecular weight distribution were characterized as the activated sludge properties in this study. The experiment results showed that with the increase of modified diatomite dosage, the number of sludge particle size less than 10μm was declined, however, the number between 10–20μm was increased correspondingly. Total extracellular polymeric substances and big molecular weight substances were decreased remarkably with modified diatomite addition dosage of 1000mg/L. The results indicated that addition of modified diatomite could effect of sludge properties in submerged membrane bioreactor. Therefore, membrane filtration performance could be improved by modified diatomite adding which alleviate membrane fouling directly.
Study on the Reduction of Ferrous Compounds Disseminated in Fayalite, Vitreous and Magnetite in Dumped Copper Slag by Means of Carbonthermic Method
Authors: Liao Ya Long , Chai Xi Juan , Li Jiang Tao , Xu Fu Chang , Li Dong Bo
Published: May 2011

Carbonthermic method was adopted to reduce the iron in the form of fayalite in copper slag to metal iron in this study. The reduction was undertaken under the conditions of roasting reduction at 1423 K for 4 h with specified parameters that the ratio of copper slag versus anthracite was 2∶1, and that the ratio of calcium carbonate to silicon dioxide was 1.43∶1. It was demonstrated that the metallization efficiency of iron could reach 88.26%. Moreover it was showed that the reduction process of fayalite by carbon could be routed as: Fe2SiO4(or 2FeO·SiO2)→ FeO + 2CaO·SiO2→ Fe. In addition it was proved that the combination ability between calcium positive ion and silicon oxygen anion was bigger than that between iron positive ion and silicon oxygen anion. As a result，SiO2 compacted in fayalite could decompose easily and could combine with CaO at the reaction temperature, therefore FeO could exist with a form of freedom state which could be reduce easily by carbon or monocarbon produced in carbonthermic method.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Flow Pattern in Cyclone Spray Scrubber
Authors: Zhao Bing Tao , Zhang Yi Xin , Xiong Kai Bin
Published: May 2011

The numerical simulation of the fluid flow is presented by CFD technique to characterize the flow pattern of cyclone spray scrubber. In this process, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM) for fluid flow are solved by use of the finite volume method based on the SIMPLE pressure correction algorithm in the fluid computational domain. According to the computational results, the tangential velocity, axial velocity and turbulence intensity of the gas flow are addressed in the different flowrate. The results indicate that the CFD method can effectively reveal the mechanism of gas flow in the cyclone spray scrubber.
Function of Microorganism and Efficiency on Livestock Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Rapid Infiltration System
Authors: Liu Yan Juan , Zhu Ming , Yang Ya Wen , Kang Ai Bin
Published: May 2011

Taking high concentration livestock wastewater as research object, The results showed that the constructed rapid infiltration system operated at the largest hydraulic loading of 0.26m/d, and during the period of the flooding for ond day and drying for two days, the main efficiency of pollutants occurred in filter height of 0.65m, with the maximum removal efficiency of COD and ammonia nitrogen as 80%; TF and MLVSS also reached maximum.
Catalytic Function of Fir Char Sulfonic on Styrene Oxide Alcoholysis Reactions
Authors: Yuan Li Ping , Hu Yun Chu , Xun Qiong , Yin Du Lin
Published: May 2011

Fir char sulfonic acid was prepared by pyrolysis at 350°C and sulfonation from fir processing residues. FT-IR、XRD and XPS analysis showed that fir pyrocarbon retains the benzene ring structure of lignin, with the active hydrogen for sulfonation. And sulfonic groups successfully bonded with the charcoal skeleton. The catalytic properties of fir char sulfonic acid were investigated in the ring-opening addition reactions of styrene oxide with five alcohols. The results showed that fir char sulfonic acid has good catalytic activity in these alcoholysis reactions. The catalyst is also security, stability and environment friendly.
Precipitation of Calcium from Seawater Using CO2
Authors: Zhang Ji Jun , Yuan Jun Sheng , Li Xia
Published: May 2011

Researches on precipitation of calcium from seawater have been carried out using CO2. The effect of pH value on calcium removals from seawater was investigated. It was found that it is easier to remove calcium from seawater at a higher pH value, and the removal rate of calcium can reach 60% to 90% when the pH value is from pH 8.0 to pH 9.0. The precipitated solids were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results show that they consist of CaCO3·H2O at pH 8.0 to pH 8.7, of CaCO3·H2O and MgCO3·3H2O at more than pH 9.0.
Fundamental Study on Application of Gas-Based Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process to High Efficiency and Clean Utilization of Paigeite
Authors: Wang Zhao Cai , Chu Man Sheng , Li Zhuang Nian , Tang Jue , Zhao Qing Jie , Xue Xiang Xin
Published: May 2011

The paigeite resources are abundant in China, but most of them are difficult to be utilized efficiently because of the current technical problems on industrial practice. It is necessary to perfected and innovated for comprehensive utilization of paigeite. The new process of gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction-electric furnace smelting separation provides a new way to efficient and clean comprehensive utilization of paigeite resources. In this paper, the pellets are prepared from boron-bearing iron concentrate. The mechanisms of roasting, the rules of reduction, and the properties of reduction swelling are also investigated. And then the pellets after reduction are smelted and separated in electric furnace to study the properties of products and analyze the feasibility and superiority of new technique. The results showed that boron-bearing iron concentrate is a kind of good raw material for pelletizing process. The properties of boron-bearing pellets after roasting for 20 min at 1200°C could meet to the requirements of gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction process, which exhibited fast reaction rate, good reduction swelling properties and high compressive strength both before and after reduction. With the new process, the efficient separation of boron and iron can be realized. The high boron grade and high activity of boron-rich slag obtained from new process can be used directly in boric acid manufacture. The new process shows excellent tech-economy feasibility to achieve efficiency and clean comprehensive utilization of paigeite resources.
Synthesis of 2, 6-Deoxyfructosazine and its Decomposition of Incense Flavor in Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Long Shu , Cao Zhong , Li Yan Ling , Yang Hua Wu , Li Ji Shan , Xiang Jian Nan
Published: May 2011

2, 6-Deoxyfructosazine (1) was synthesized from glucose and ammonium formate and isolated from the reaction mixture by membrane technology. The compound was characterized by HRMS, 1HNMR,and 13CNMR. Thermal analysis of the product showed that it began to decompose at 220 °C, and its weight loss was about 50 % at 320 °C. GC/MS analysis of the tobacco smoke showed that it decomposed to produce 2-methylpyrazine, 2, 6-dimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine in the smoke upon smoking.