bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fun & fitness: A community sport’s development programme for adults with learning disabilities
Authors: Grieve Alice , Serrato Juliana , Parker Joel , Jenkinson Louie , Turner Stephanie , Bank Daniel
Published: January 2023

In the context of the significant health inequalities experienced by individuals with learning disabilities, Greenwich Community Learning Disability Team have worked in partnership with the Royal Borough of Greenwich’s (RBG) and leisure provider Better to offer bespoke exercise groups for people with learning disabilities in the borough. This programme, titled ‘Fun & Fitness’ was offered initially on Zoom from February 2021, in the context of Covid-19, before transferring to a community leisure centre in July 2021. The programme and approach have been developed with input from a range of professional disciplines and service user involvement and has been supported by multiple funding grants. A range of measures relating to physical and mental health, and quality of life have been repeated periodically through the programme. To date 108 group members have participated and a range of positive feedback has been received. Reflections of the process to date are offered, including in relation to the limitations of the approach and learning points, as well as ideas for further developing the project.

Easy read summary

People with learning disabilities are not as healthy as most people.

Part of this is because of difficulties accessing physical activities in the community.

Exercise groups have been developed in Greenwich for people with learning disabilities. These groups are called ‘Fun & Fitness’.

At first, they were on Zoom because of Covid-19. Now they are in a leisure centre.

Over 100 people have attended at least one session and there are over 60 regular members.

People say they like the groups. They like the fun and doing things with other people.

We have been checking the health of people who come to the group.

We want to see if the group improves people’s health.

This is important because lots of people with learning disabilities have more health problems and this can cause them to die younger.

We have plans to run more groups and help people do more sports and exercise.
Multisystemic therapy for families with learning needs: Families’ and therapists’ perspectives
Authors: McKennan Abbie , Theodore Kate , Fox Simone , Reynolds Philip
Published: January 2023

Young people with learning needs are more likely to become involved in anti-social behaviour than young people without learning needs (Emerson et al, 2011). Reasons for this are complex and not well understood, but one contributing factor is that young people with learning needs are unlikely to be recognised and supported in services (Hall, 2000). Lack of recognition and support is also present for parents with learning needs (Emerson, 2011). These families benefit from interventions that include wider systems (Tausendfreund et al, 2016). Multisystemic Therapy (MST) has been shown to be an effective systemic intervention for this group (Butler et al, 2011). An enhancement for young people with Intellectual Disabilities (MST-ID) has recently been developed in the Netherlands (Blankestein et al, 2019), but MST-ID has not been adopted in UK settings. Qualitative grounded theory methodology was used to explore young peoples’, caregivers’, and therapists’ experience of MST where the young person or caregiver has learning needs, to understand the mechanisms and barriers of engagement and change and how they fit with the standard MST theory of change (Hennegeler et al, 2002). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten participants: two young people, three caregivers, and five therapists, recruited from MST teams across the UK. Seven theoretical codes were developed from the data: families’ relationship to help, routes to engagement, empowering families, improving family functioning, mobilising the wider ecology, adapting communication, and adapting timings. The mechanisms of engagement and change largely mirrored the existing MST model of change, with extra emphasis required in empowering families, improving family functioning, and mobilising the wider ecology. Adapting communication and timings were found to be unique adjustments for families with learning needs. This study found that these adjustments were successfully implemented in standard MST. Further research would help understand the impact of the enhancements in MST-ID and how this compares with standard MST. This study recommends specialist training for therapists working with people with ID.
DFP Junior Award winner: Dr Lorraine Johnstone
Authors: Cooke David J.
Published: January 2023

The DFP Junior Award winner was Dr. Lorraine Johnstone. She was nominated by Professor David Cooke, and this was what he had to say about her.
A new wave of research on adults’ ability in detecting children’s lies
Authors: Meiling Liu , Granhag Pär Anders , Strömwall Leif A.
Published: January 2023

There is a growing corpus of research showing that children can lie convincingly and that adults’ accuracy in identifying children’s deceit is not terribly impressive (Vrij, 2002). However, it should be acknowledged that many studies on adults’ ability in detecting children’s lies are of rather limited forensic relevance. For example, children are seldom asked to lie about self-experienced events. Furthermore, the paradigmatic task for the adult liecatcher is a rather static one; to assess a short video clip showing a child being interviewed once about a fictitious event.
Setting up a model of care for a medium secure service for women
Authors: Holloway Gerrie , Lauder Alison , Garner Emily
Published: January 2023

In setting up a medium secure forensic service for women in 2005 we used the existing literature to develop a gender-sensitive model of care (MoC) which it was proposed would best fit the therapeutic needs of service users. This paper aims to describe the process of identifying and establishing an appropriate MoC and how the model was operationalised to have a direct impact upon the care delivery. The paper also outlines the problems we encountered in the process and includes a description of the use of a theoretical model to develop clinical practice.
The role of sport in reducing reoffending among young men in prison: Assessing the evidence base
Authors: Lewis Gwen , Meek Rosie
Published: January 2023

Sport is increasingly being promoted as a positive diversion, intervention and rehabilitation tool for use with young offenders. A plethora of Western research has highlighted the positive impact that community sports-based interventions can have on young people at risk of or involved in crime, yet limited attention has been paid to how sport can be utilised with custodial populations to address offending behaviour and ultimately reduce reoffending. In this paper we present a discursive overview of some of the points we explore in more detail in a forthcoming monograph on this topic, and outline the rationale and limited accumulated evidence supporting the use of sport as a rehabilitative tool in prison settings. In particular, we explore the ways in which sport can be effectively used to promote desistance form crime as well as produce benefits within the immediate custodial context. It is proposed that while sport alone will not necessarily prevent reoffending, sport can offer an effective way in which to embed numeracy and literacy, or motivate offenders who may be difficult to engage in other resettlement, educational or psychological interventions.
The evaluation of a pilot programme of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) group with a detained female forensic population with a primary diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Morris Deborah , Brewer Rebecca J , Webb Amanda , Gray Nathalie
Published: January 2023

Studies indicate higher prevalence rates for anxiety disorders amongst adults with autism in the context of a limited evidence base for the effective treatment of psychopathology in this population. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is a relatively common and simple relaxation approach that has been successfully applied to a number of different clinical populations. More recently PMR has been applied to children and adults with ASD, although the efficacy of this approach is yet to be established. The current study was a service evaluation of a pilot study assessing the efficacy of PMR. Seven females with primary diagnoses of Mild Learning disability and Autism completed 30 PMR sessions. A 10-point Likert scale was used to measure self-report levels of relaxation pre- and post-PMR practice sessions. Higher scores indicated higher levels of a relaxed state. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used to analyse the results. The results suggested participants benefitted from PMR training. Significant increases in self-report relaxed state scores were found in the initial 15 sessions of PMR and in the subsequent 15 maintenance sessions. Overall, moderate effect sizes were reported for the initial and maintenance sessions of PMR. Overall, PMR had a positive effect on self-report relaxed states, demonstrated by an increase in patients’ self-report of feeling more relaxed over a relatively small number of sessions. These gains were maintained overtime. The findings suggest that regular PMR sessions may be a useful coping strategy for women with ASD who report high levels of physiological tension associated with anxiety.
Collaborative risk awareness training – an evaluation
Authors: Hitikasch Mira , Murphy Lisa , Coombes Phil
Published: January 2023

A collaborative risk awareness-training package was designed by service users and staff to enhance understanding and the ability to tolerate discussion about risk. Service users contributed to the design as well as the delivery of the training. A training needs analysis and focus group with service users helped develop this training. Two questionnaires were developed to measure the effectiveness of the training, which was delivered by a PowerPoint presentation. Overall the training was found to significantly improve the knowledge and attitudes of nursing and health care support staff who attended. Service users involved in the training overall reported gaining a very positive experience, which they felt improved their self-worth and motivation.
Psychologically Informed Environments
Authors: Worthington Rachel , Hannaby Jemma
Published: January 2023

Since the ‘enabling environment working group’ was first set up by the Royal College of Psychiatrists in 2008, the psychologically informed environments (PIE) model has been successfully adopted in a variety of settings such as HM Prison Service, hospital wards, day units, schools, supported accommodation (for the homeless or those with Personality Disorder), voluntary groups and faith communities. However, previously there was no PIE model used in Intellectual Disability and Autism services. This paper will describe the implementation ofa psychologically informed environment for 12 community residential services supporting people with Autism and Intellectual Disabilities, and provide provisional data exploring the impact of a PIE. Recommendations for ways of improving provisions with autism services using a PIE approach are made.
Prisoners’ ‘life as a film’ narratives: The exploration of the ‘life as a film’ methodology
Authors: Azevedo Tatiana
Published: January 2023

Five presentations by Sophia Tkazky on her PhD project working with Professor David Canter and Donna Youngs. The studies have been carried out with a sample from four different countries.
Evaluating Schwartz center rounds in a forensic service
Authors: Tyler Asadi , Emma Groves
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the implementation of Schwartz Center Rounds, a forum for emotional reflection and discussion, in an NHS forensic mental health service.Method: 606 evaluation forms were gathered between October 2015 and April 2018. The questionnaires were completed by clinical and non-clinical staff after attendance at rounds.

Findings: Results indicated that all attendees rated rounds in a similarly positive fashion. Further analysis showed that those that attended more than five rounds were more likely to recommend rounds to their colleagues.

Clinical implications: Schwartz Center Rounds provide a safe space to share experiences, which in turn can enhance connectedness, allowing for a culture of compassion to develop. Therefore, regular attendance at Schwartz Center Rounds should be prioritised in order to gain the most benefit.
Families, carers and friends support group in a forensic inpatient mental health service: A new format of carer support
Authors: Lara Arsuffi , Nataliya Chemerynska
Published: January 2023

The benefits of involving carers who support those with a severe mental illness have long been recognised in improving patients’ outcomes and reducing the cost of care. Despite various mental health standards requiring services to offer support to carers and involve them in patients’ care and treatment, not much guidance is offered on how this support and involvement can be implemented, especially in forensic inpatient services, where carers are reported to experience elevated stress levels compared to non-forensic carers. This paper outlines a new format for delivering carer-centred, co-produced support groups, based on an integrated approach. In addition, the authors present a focus group evaluation of the family, carers and friends support group for forensic inpatients with severe mental illness.
Understanding females who engage in stalking behaviour
Authors: Shaw Kayleigh , Worthington Rachel
Published: January 2023

This paper will begin by defining stalking and considering in what way this may be influenced by gender. Theoretical models of stalking behaviour will be presented and the applicability of these will be discussed in relation to females who engage in stalking. Finally the paper discusses how risk assessment and treatment may be best undertaken with this client group acknowledging the constraints in the research.
The impact of Co-Production on the Client-Therapist Therapeutic Relationship in an Intellectual Disability Service
Authors: Jansen Krista , Hamlet Natalie , Eldridge Aimee , Batten Robb , Morris Deborah
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the impact of an intervention designed to facilitate co-production on the client-therapist therapeutic relationship in an intellectual disability service.

Design:

The ‘My Psychology Treatment Plans’ intervention was administered to 20 service users during their first three months of admission to a tier four specialist intellectual disability forensic service. Pre- and post-scores were collected using the service user version of the Scale to Assess Therapeutic Relationships (STAR-P; McGuire-Snieckus et al., 2007).

Findings:

A paired-samples t-test revealed a significant increase in positive collaboration, positive clinician input, and overall total score. This suggested an overall increase in positive therapeutic relationship.

Practical implications:

The findings support the existing literature of the importance of co-production in increasing the therapeutic relationship between client and therapist, and co-production should be a key component of developing treatment plans.

Originality/value:

This study contributes to developing an understanding of the importance of co-production in secure services, particularly within an intellectual disability population.
Supporting youth workers: A reflective group consultation approach
Authors: Marshall Sophie , Allan Patricia , Yakeley Jessica , McRae Robert
Published: January 2023

Forensic child and adolescent mental health services (FCAMHS) became a service within the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust in 2018, and since then has become a multidisciplinary expansion of the Portman Clinic’s consultation and assessment work. FCAMHS provides specialised consultation, assessment and brief interventions to professionals, families, and young people across 13 boroughs in Central, North, and East London. As a service provider we aim to support third sector service users who are working directly with some of the most vulnerable, at risk, and risky young people in our area. Through an existing contact in a local youth organisation we began to discuss the idea of creating a space where professionals could come together as a group to reflect on experiences and identify areas of difficulty in their work. Reflective practice groups offered by the Portman Clinic are often psychoanalytically-informed consultation groups which offer a way of working with professionals and young people by reflecting on the meaning, communication and experience of the young person’s behaviour, and our own responses to this. Therefore, we decided to offer a reflective practice group to third sector professionals known to FCAMHS from local youth services and other local agencies, who work with some of the most vulnerable, challenging and high risk young people in this location of London. This reflective practice group has now been running for almost two years and provides a valuable space for youth workers to process and make sense of their work with this challenging forensic population.
Assessing personality disorder in learning disabled forensic populations: A rapid evidence assessment
Authors: Palmer Madison , Miles Cerys , Davies Margaret J.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:The aim of this rapid evidence assessment (REA) is to evaluate the literature pertaining to the assessment of Personality Disorder (PD) within Learning Disabled (LD) forensic populations. This paper will provide practitioners with recommendations about the administration of PD assessment that can be applied to clinical practice.

Design/methodology/approach:Following the refinement of the search terms and a thorough literature search (using databases such as PsychINFO, OVID, SCOPUS), 98 abstracts were read. Through multiple exclusion criteria, seven papers were included in the results section of this paper.

Findings:The primary research papers included in this report demonstrated various degrees of interrater reliability, predictive validity and utility for several specific assessments designed to assess PD.

Research limitations/implications:There is a paucity of research in this area. It was therefore difficult to obtain primary research about assessing PD within LD populations. Further to this, there was just one paper that compared different diagnostic systems against one another. Therefore, this REA is not considered to be a full evaluation of the entire PD/LD evidence base. As a research method, REA’s are more biased than compared to a systematic review. This is because REA’s conduct limited data extraction and limit the types of research papers that are included meaning the search is not as comprehensive. Finally, there was only one reviewer for this REA. This is a limitation as the appraisal and selection of the research for this paper was not blind.

Social implications:There are ethical concerns relating to the pursuit of diagnosing PD within LD populations. It has been argued a diagnosis of PD is essentially adding another pejorative label to an already marginalised group. However, research indicates that a better understanding of an individual’s presentations will yield a more robust formulation and an individualised intervention plan. This will in turn, improve treatment outcomes and has the potential to benefit the quality of life for people with PD/LD.

Originality/value:As stated above, there is a paucity of research in this area. Currently there are no LD specific PD psychometric assessments and adaptations to mainstream assessments causes the assessment itself to lose validity and reliability. There is a clear need for further research in this area and for the development of more LD specific tools within forensic psychology.
Understanding motivation and what works to motivate male offenders into engaging with treatment: A rapid evidence assessment
Authors: Forgione Lisa , Seaward Jacob
Published: January 2023

Background:The development of motivational programmes that are able to successfully enhance offenders’ readiness for treatment could mean that more individuals may decide to partake in programmes.

Aims:The aim of this research is to explore the existing evidence on the topic in order to answer two main questions: 1) What factors are associated with motivation to engage in interventions?; 2) What works as best practice for motivation and readiness enhancement?

Method:This study utilised a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) methodology, looking in particular at the existing studies with the following characteristics: English language, published globally, between the years 2005–2020, and Peer-reviewed-only.

Results:From a total of 3596 papers obtained with the initial searches, a total of six studies were eventually selected as the most suitable for this review overall. These covered three main areas: (1) assessments tools currently available; (2) factors specifically associated with motivation and readiness; and (3) relevant processes/interventions that directly affect motivation or readiness.

Conclusions/Implications for practice:With regards to the factors (and barriers) linked to motivation and readiness to engage with treatment, the evidence presented in this review confirmed the multi-factorial nature of these concepts. The proposed synthesis seems to be in line with what is outlined within the Multifactor Offender Readiness Model (MORM; Ward et al., 2004) and the main point that emerged from this review is that offenders’ motivation and readiness is best understood through aspects that are both internal to the person or that depend on individuals, and external, in the features of the context, environment and people that surround them. As regards interventions to enhance readiness and motivation, the evidence is rather limited and mainly restricted to specific types of offenders; based on what is available, it appears that some interventions with this purpose can have positive effects on individuals.
Use of schema-focused approaches in informing treatment needs of those who sexually offend: A rapid evidence assessment
Authors: Muchatuta Natalie , Watson Leanne
Published: January 2023

Treatment programmes for individuals who sexually offend have followed primarily Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy principles, however, in recent years they have begun to apply other psychological models (Mews, et al., 2017). The aim of the present study was to investigate how schema-focused approaches may be able to further inform treatment for those who sexually offend, through the identification of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). A rapid evidence assessment (REA) was completed with six, cross-sectional design studies to determine which early maladaptive schemas were most prevalent amongst individuals who sexually offend, and how this information could be used to inform treatment.

Results showed that individuals who sexually offend against children were likely to have the following schemas; Abandonment/Instability, Mistrust/Abuse, Defectiveness/Shame, Self-Sacrifice, Negativity/Pessimism, and Emotional Inhibition. Additionally, Social Isolation, Dependence/Incompetence, Vulnerability to harm or illness, Enmeshment/Undeveloped self, Failure to achieve, Entitlement/Grandiosity, Subjugation, Unrelenting standards/Hypercriticalness and Punitiveness schemas were also found to be prevalent for individuals who sexually offend against children. However, these schemas were also reflected to be prevalent for those who sexually offend against adults.

Overall, the findings suggested that the above schemas are important and potentially contribute to the prevalence of sexual offending. As such, the findings can be used to inform treatment programmes to include exploration of the effects of adverse life experiences, interpersonal effectiveness in relationships, emotional management, and the exploration of offence supportive attitudes and beliefs as part of the treatment. Due to the ‘rapid’ nature of this assessment and its limitations, findings should not be treated as conclusive and may require further investigation.
The experiences of the keyworker scheme from the perspective of men in prison
Authors: Martin Gemma , Wheatley Rachael
Published: January 2023

The Keyworker Scheme was introduced to Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) to aid development of rehabilitative culture; promoting constructive relationships between individuals in prison and prison officers. The current research analysed eight participants’ experiences using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three superordinate themes (and subordinate themes) were identified to understand the experiences of men in prison, which were: (a) It’s Personalised (i) Not just a prisoner, (ii) Professional line (iii) Us and Them (b); Provides support (i) Things are dealt with (ii) being heard (iii) Go out their way; (c) Depends on individual differences (i) Works better for some (ii) Staff have a massive impact (iii) Your business. Implications to help inform keyworker scheme developments are discussed.
The long-term psychological effects of parental alienation during childhood
Authors: Platt Emily , Bedwell Stacey A.
Published: January 2023

Parental alienation, thought to be a form of emotional abuse stemming from parental conflict, remains to be a relatively poorly understood construct. Specifically, the long-term psychological impact of experiencing parental alienation have to date not been investigated in great detail. The present study aimed to examine the long-term effects of experiencing parental alienation during childhood. Here we investigated the role of parental alienation experience in measures of self-sufficiency, depression, attachment, self-esteem and anxiety. Findings indicate a strong association between parental alienation and anxiety, offering support to previous descriptions of parental alienation as a syndrome and providing an important basis on which to build future investigations into the lasting effects of this understudied childhood experience.
Rapid Evidence Assessment: What works in media campaigns to engage and effect positive change in perpetrators of intimate partner violence?
Authors: Owen Pavinpreet , Miles Cerys , Homer Lucie
Published: January 2023

This Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) was developed in the context of the implementation of the Violence Against Women, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence Act (VAWDASV; Wales) 2015. It specifically supports the achievement of objective three of the Welsh Government’s strategy; Increased focus on holding perpetrators to account and provide opportunities to change their behaviour based around victim safety. It also has implications for similar strategies across the UK nations. The REA outlines the published review findings to-date in addressing the research question: ‘what works in media campaigns to engage and effect positive change in perpetrators of intimate partner violence?’ It introduces the rationale for the research question and current issues in tackling this phenomenon, before discussing implications for the VAWDASV and similar strategies, in addressing Intimate partner Violence. The REA methodology is outlined and a summary of the findings and conclusions are presented. Ten papers were selected for the review according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Six clear themes emerged: (1) Campaigns should be realistic and relatable: (2) campaigns should use a variety of methods and products to reach a wide target audience; (3) the target audience should be carefully recruited and involved in the continuous evaluation of the campaign; (4) campaigns should be theoretically driven by the Transtheoretical (stages of change) Model, Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and Motivational Interviewing; (5) resources should be carefully selected to ensure campaigns are effective, accessible, run by trained professionals, and clearly signposted; and (6) campaigns should avoid using stereotypical gender images and attitudes. The REA presents clear themes which can be practically implemented in the development of campaigns to effectively engage perpetrators of intimate partner violence, and encourage them to abstain from using associated behaviours.
Research Forum: Control and Childbirth: the Complexities
Authors: Weaver Jane
Published: January 2023

This section brings new and thought–provoking ideas and research to the attention of readers. We would be delighted to receive short commentaries on any paper or group of papers which might interest our readership. Reviews of particular issues, or of a new or existing journal, are also welcome. Commentaries, preferably on disk (WordPerfect or ASCII) or e-mail, and informal enquiries should be directed to: Dr Lucy Yardley, Department of Psychology, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT (e-mail address:
An application of the Transtheoretical Model to sunscreen use in adolescent females: Testing hypotheses in relation to uptake of a health protective behaviour
Authors: Rapley Jessica , Coulson Neil
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to test the applicability of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to sunscreen use among adolescent females. A total of 572 adolescent females attending an all girls’ school in the Midlands completed a self-report questionnaire that measured all TTM constructs. Stage distribution was as follows: precontemplation 43.1 per cent, contemplation 23.3 per cent, preparation 11.9 per cent, action 12.5 per cent and maintenance 9.2 per cent. Significant differences were found in decisional balance and selfefficacy by stage of change, in accordance with TTM hypotheses. There were no significant differences in temptation scores by stage of change, and while significant differences for each of the processes of change were found, these were not in support of theoretical predictions. The findings of this study support some TTM hypotheses, but also emphasise that other hypotheses may not be as universally applicable to the uptake of health protective behaviours as to the cessation of problem behaviours
How small-group teaching can be used to improve performance in student assessment
Authors: Lusher Joanne
Published: January 2023

Research has demonstrated the importance of using small-group teaching to improve the students learning experience and so evaluating the effectiveness of small-group teaching becomes ever more important as staff resources become ever more stretched. This article reports on the evaluation and effectiveness of a series of workshops aimed at improving third-year undergraduate health psychology students’ performance on their module assessment. The module ran in the first semester of 2005–2006 with 78 students registered. The module was assessed via a single piece of coursework in the form of a case study report. Workshops themselves were a series of three problem-based learning exercises in which students worked on a case study describing a health issue affecting an individual. Findings revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of workshops, but not lectures, attended and assessment grade. Findings are in line with previous analyses conducted in 2003–2005 and highlight the usefulness of small-group work in our teaching of health psychology.
A qualitative study of the effects of infant massage on women with low postnatal mood
Authors: Moore Caroline , Gaitán Alfredo , Asimakopoulou Koula
Published: January 2023

Previous quantitative research has revealed that infant massage can be a successful way of tackling the negative effects associated with postnatal depression. The present study used a qualitative approach to explore the mothers’ experiences of infant massage and understand the ways in which it can affect low postnatal mood. Eight women who had scored 12 or above on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Questionnaire and who had attended a local infant massage course with their babies within the last six months were interviewed. The analysis of the interview transcripts, using a grounded theory methodology, revealed that massage was thought to have many direct effects on both mother and infant and that these effects are intertwined. Important implications can be derived for health professionals, particularly those who help to detect postnatal depression and support women with low postnatal mood.
Sport, spinal cord injury, and body narratives: A qualitative project
Authors: Smith Brett , Sparkes Andrew C.
Published: January 2023

Drawing on life history data from a small group of men who have suffered spinal cord injury and become disabled through playing sport, this article explores their body narratives. The most common kind of narratives drawn on to help shape their experiences of disability are focused upon. What kind of body is created in the stories told is also explored. The data generated reveals that the dominant narrative people draw on was the restitution narratives and this is linked with disciplined bodies. In contrast, a small number of people constructed communicative bodies that were drawn towards the quest narrative, whilst one man told a chaos narrative and a chaotic body is revealed in action. We close by inviting others to take narrative seriously and to understand our psychological lives as embodied.
The effect of stress and separation at birth on adult personality
Authors: Strowger Vanessa , Manyande Anne
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have found that early postnatal experience (including type of birth and maternal separation) have long-term effects on behaviour. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the experience of maternal separation and stress at birth had an impact on the individual’s personality and behaviour in adulthood. A total of 51 participants (10 male and 41 female) from the general population completed the standardised Personality Trait Scale from the Five-Factor Model. Background variables were also assessed including type of birth ((long/short) labour, caesarean, forceps, normal), drugs used during labour, complications and separation after birth (using retrospective self reports). Individuals who were separated at birth were less self-disciplined and found it more difficult to start tasks. The effect is even stronger for individuals who experienced a stressful birth and were then separated from their mother. These preliminary results indicate that very early experience may have long-term and lasting effects on the personality of the baby and into adulthood. It is possible that there is an important distinction between the lasting effects of acute and chronic stress during the birth and early postnatal period.
Mirror, Mirror on the wall: A novel way of engaging lay audiences in thought and discussion about body image and appearance issues
Authors: Payne Elizabeth , Dawson Emily
Published: January 2023

Anecdotal evidence has informed us that it is unusual for Health Psychologists to work with people with a learning disability. The British Psychological Society’s website has been searched in order to identify the number of Health Psychologists working in this area. It was concluded that there are very few, if any. Despite the sparse numbers our own clinical experience suggests that health psychology is very relevant and useful for this client group. Our interest stems from working with people with learning disabilities and recognising that this group have many physical health problems, which health psychology could potentially address (Davies & Spencer, 2007).

In this article we will discuss the various aspects of health psychology and identify how these relate to people with learning disabilities. Firstly, we will provide evidence surrounding the complex and serious health problems that people with learning disability may experience. Secondly, we will consider how these relate to the five main areas of expertise that the Society claims summarises the role of a Health Psychologist. Clinical examples will be mentioned throughout the article, to illustrate the relevance of these areas to people with learning disabilities.
An interview with … Professor Janice Kiecolt-Glaser
Authors: Wade Dorothy
Published: January 2023

Dorothy Wade interviewed keynote speaker Professor Janice Kiecolt-Glaser at the Annual DHP Conference.
Drink driving: The effects of alcohol on cognitions and emotions
Authors: Durrans Rebecca , Lawton Rebecca
Published: January 2023

This paper reports on a study investigating cognitions and feelings toward drink driving following the consumption of alcohol. Participants (N=248) were recruited using opportunity sampling in three different public houses, where an identical questionnaire was completed on entering the pub and then again twoand-a-half hours later. A series of MANOVAs revealed significant changes in both cognitions and feelings after the consumption of alcohol. Whilst alcohol consumption increased beliefs that negative consequences are associated with drink driving and made people feel less positive about this behaviour (i.e. less happy) participants, mainly past drink drivers, reported becoming less anxious and nervous about drink driving. This suggests that the anticipation of less negative emotion may have a role to play in drink driving. The patterns of changes in cognitions and affect were also different for those people who had and had not previously engaged in drink driving. The findings are discussed in the context of theory and practical implications.
ME: Chronic fatigue syndrome or a distinct clinical entity?
Authors: Goudsmit Ellen , Shepherd Charles , Dancey Christine P. , Howes Sandra
Published: January 2023

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is a disabling condition characterised by profound fatigue following minimal exertion and a delay in recovery after exertion ends. In 1988, when specialists introduced the concept of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), it was assumed that the illness in question was identical to ME but the lack of research criteria for the latter has prevented the testing of this assumption.

In this article, we propose criteria and guidelines which can be used to study ME and determine whether it is a synonym for CFS or one of several subgroups contained within the CFS construct. If clinically meaningful differences are identified, the criteria may help to increase diagnostic precision and facilitate further research into the cause, course and treatment of ME.
Tackling NHS staff stress levels in an ‘eggstraordinary’ way
Authors: Lee Sandra , Blake Blake
Published: January 2023

Occupational stress levels amongst employees are a key area of concern for the National Health Service with Government calls for health care employers to provide a positive ‘health culture’ and facilities which encourage staff to consider their own health and well-being. A novel intervention for addressing workplace stress is the provision of a self-contained personal wellness centre, called the SenzOri Egg, designed to provide an opportunity for individuals to relax and enjoy a short well-being therapy during their work break. A pilot survey was conducted to evaluate the attractiveness and perceived stress-reducing benefits of the ‘Egg’ to 108 users at an acute NHS Hospital. Perceived stress levels were high and a large proportion of staff reported not taking breaks during their working hours. Use of the ‘Egg’ produced a significant shortterm reduction in perceived stress levels and was well-received by users. This study suggests that stress interventions, such as wellness units, are feasible interventions in a hospital setting, and may be an effective way of reducing the short-term ill effects of high levels of perceived stress in health care staff, although this warrants further research. We propose that such interventions may be an important ‘first step’ in changing the long-term health culture and behaviours of health care staff, particularly those whom have previously been resistant to health promotion programmes.
Research – DHP Conference Bursary: Women and tobacco
Authors: Beck Fay
Published: January 2023

This paper contains a selected overview of the literature concerning women and smoking. Efforts have been made to contextualise the literature and highlight the situation related to women and smoking within the UK. The specific health implications related to women and smoking are explored and then the factors related to women and smoking initiation, continued smoking and smoking cessation are discussed.
Lay beliefs of smoking and an analysis of predictors of these beliefs
Authors: Dennis Laura , Miles Jeremy
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To examine the structure of lay smoking beliefs and predictors of these beliefs.

Methods

In 2006, questionnaires were completed by 150 participants studying at the University of York, England. Factor analysis was used to determine the underlying beliefs held among this sample of lay people. Linear regression analyses were then used to examine predictors of these lay smoking beliefs using demographic characteristics, personality variables and smoking variables as predictors.

Results

Factor analysis of the questionnaire responses revealed an underlying belief structure of four factors described as positive beliefs about smoking, smoking health risks, reasoning beliefs about why people smoke and image beliefs about smoking. Smokers, ex-smokers and occasional smokers were more likely to hold positive beliefs about smoking than non-smokers. Older participants and extroverts held more belief about smoking health risks, whilst smokers were less likely to hold beliefs about smoking health risks.

Conclusions

There is still some degree of public confusion over smoking risks despite extensive media coverage on the subject. Health education strategies should target younger groups of smokers with particular emphasis on the social consequences of smoking.
Research: Retirement and lifestyle behaviours: A thematic analysis of a pilot study
Authors: Hobbis Shirley , Thirlaway Kathryn , Sanders Lalage , Hendry Leo
Published: January 2023

Ageing successfully is partly influenced by the behaviours people choose to adopt (Steverink, Lindenberg & Slaets, 2005). With life expectancy rising, changing lifestyle behaviours has become a long-term goal of the Department of Health; for example, Delivering choosing health: Making healthy choices easier (HM Government, 2009). The aim of this pilot study, part of a PhD thesis, was to investigate individuals’ perceptions of their lifestyle behaviours and of the impact of retirement on their lifestyle choices. The study consisted of a series of interviews with five retired people (three female, two male). The interview schedule comprised open-ended questions concerning perceptions of health and lifestyle behaviours. A thematic analysis was the chosen method of analysis in order to explore the experiences, meanings and perceptions of reality of the participants (Braun & Clarke, 2006). In addition to perceptions of health and lifestyle behaviours, self-efficacy and sense of identity were categorised as themes. The intention is to utilise themes drawn out from the analysis to inform the design of a questionnaire for measuring attitudes towards lifestyle behaviours in order to identify trends of change over the transition from work to retirement.
University students’ help–seeking intentions for the symptoms of meningitis: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Williams Kate , Hamilton-West Kate
Published: January 2023

This study used the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict students’ intentions to seek help for meningitis symptoms. Participants (N=236) were presented with a vignette describing symptoms of meningitis and were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing the constructs of the TPB (intention, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC)). Participants then indicated how likely they would be to visit the doctor in relation to these symptoms. Two versions of the vignette were used: one described relatively mild (flu–like symptoms) and the other described severe symptoms (including the rash) of meningitis. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions.

The TPB model significantly predicted (Adjusted R2=.35 for condition 1, .33 for condition 2 and .45 overall) help–seeking intentions in relation to both the mild and severe symptoms. Attitude and subjective norm were significant predictors of help–seeking but PBC was not. This study found that attitude and subjective norm predict students’ intentions to seek help for meningitis symptoms. Interventions aiming to increase help–seeking in this population should focus on improving these constructs. Such interventions could be informational or motivational.
Is your health in your hands? Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of a university Outreach event to engage the public in health psychology
Authors: Noke Melissa , Rowbotham Samantha
Published: January 2023

Public engagement is a key element of social responsibility within UK universities and there are various opportunities for academics and postgraduates to engage with the public, for example, by running events at local museums or giving talks at community venues. Engaging the public in thinking about their health is a key target for the Department of Health and interactive public engagement events offer an excellent opportunity to achieve this. In this paper, we explore the feasibility and acceptability of running a public engagement event entitled ‘Is your health in your hands?’, which consisted of various hands–on table–top activities to get people thinking about various aspects of their health, such as healthy eating, behaviour change, health risks, and genetics. Approximately 300 individuals attended the event, which was held at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, and 29 attendees provided event evaluation. The event was perceived as educational and interesting, providing attendees with knowledge of key health issues. The most popular activities were those that targeted healthy eating and provided messages about ‘hidden nasties’ in foods. These kinds of events provide an opportunity for academics and postgraduates to engage the public in thinking about their health in a way that is perceived as both useful and enjoyable.
Evaluation of a pilot Masterclass for dermatology nurses in psychosocial aspects of care
Authors: Buchanan Polly , Page Barbara , Stephen Karen , Bianchi Janice , Gardner June , Chouliara Zoë
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To deliver a Masterclass to eight dermatology nurses focusing on the bio–psychosocial aspects of care for people living with skin disease; utilise psychosocial assessment tools available for Holistic Needs Assessment (HNA); increase participant nurses’ understanding of levels of psycho–social intervention; evaluate course impact on participants’confidencein HNA; evaluate course impact on participants’competencein HNA and record changes in practice following course completion.

Method

A pragmatic action research approach was undertaken, utilising standardised pre– and postconfidence and competence questionnaires and reflection (free–text and verbal feedback). A two–day interactive learning programme was delivered with a half–day feedback debrief session at three months.

Results

: Overall confidence levels increased with mean total confidence scores increasing from 43.1 to 58.3 (range 0 to 90). Greatest percentage increase was demonstrated for: use of screening tools and discussing suicidal ideation. Overall competence levels increased with mean total competence scores increasing from 43.1 to 85.1 (range 0 to 130). Greatest percentage increases in competence were demonstrated for: use of the Distress Thermometer (386 per cent); use of screening tools for anxiety and depression (139 per cent); educating the patient about mechanisms of anxiety (129 per cent); structure and organisation of psychological practice (85 per cent) and assessing for suicidal ideation (85 per cent).

Conclusions

This Masterclass improved participants’ confidence and competence levels in assessing psychosocial aspects of care. It met participants’ expectations and course objectives. Development of an additional mentorship programme for participants following course completion is recommended to sustain change in practice.