bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Thermal Spray Parameters for Producing High-Performance Mo/ZrB2 Metal Matrix Composites Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Ahmed Muftah Montaser Mihoob , Albarody Dher Mohammed , Ahmed Faiz , Alnarabiji Mohamad
Published: May 2023

The process of Thermal spray is effective for creating a metal matrix composite (MMC) by embedding zirconium diboride reinforcement into a molybdenum matrix. This allows for the combination of beneficial properties in a new composite, as both materials have a high The materials Mo and ZrB2 possess different characteristics. For example, Mo has a melting point of 2622 ◦C while ZrB2 has a higher melting point of 3246 ◦C. Additionally, Mo has a high thermal conductivity of 139 W/m◦C compared to ZrB2's thermal conductivity of 24 W/m◦C. However, both materials have good thermal shock resistance, and Mo has a low coefficient of thermal expansion of 5.35 µm/m◦C while ZrB2 has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 5.8 × 10−6 K−1., as well as the ability to maintain strength at elevated temperatures and stability in extreme environments. The study focused on creating Mo/Zrb2 composites using a thermal spray coating technique, varying the parameters of spraying distance, number of passes, and gas pressure, and testing the resulting castings to evaluate their hardness and Young's Modulus. The primary objective of the research was to use the Taguchi technique for identifying the optimal parameters for generating the highest Young's Modulus and hardness for the castings. The Taguchi method integrates experimental and analytical principles to identify the most significant parameter affecting the response, which can significantly enhance overall performance. The study found that the optimal parameters were a spraying distance of 20 cm, gas pressure of 6 bar, and the number of passes of 18. The Taguchi method accurately predicted the parameters that produced the highest properties for the composite coatings, which demonstrated good surface formation without hot cracks and fewer pores, with well-formed metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate.
KERENTANAN SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI PADA BENCANA BANJIR DI KELURAHAN SUTOJAYAN KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Bigandata Yulis , Wahyuni Purbudi , Maharani Yohana Noradika
Published: May 2023

Social and economic vulnerability describes the social and economic fragility of an area due to the influence of hazards, threats and disasters that have the potential to damage, disrupt. This study aims to analyze the social and economic vulnerability of the flood disaster in Sutojayan Village, Blitar Regency. Data on social vulnerability is seen from gender, age, rural/urban, education, disability, transportation, and number of households, and economic vulnerability is seen from unemployment and livelihoods. This study uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods with data obtained through interviews of 5 subjects, a questionnaire of 335 people, and documentation using population data of 7048 people. Data analysis techniques to measure social and economic vulnerability using multiple linear regression and SoVI techniques with the help of CFA. The results showed that: (1) The level of social and economic vulnerability in the post-flood disaster was influenced by indicators: gender, age, education, disability, transportation, and livelihood, and (2) The level of social and economic vulnerability in the post-flood disaster was in the high and medium categories. The Sutojayan environment with a SoVi value of 0.229 has a higher level of vulnerability than the Gondang Legi and Purworejo environments, and (3) The dominant variables that affect the level of social and economic vulnerability in the flood disaster are disability, the number of motorized vehicles, and the number of non-motorized vehicles.
Percepción sobre COVID-19 y actitud hacia las medidas de protección en México
Authors: Santiago Mijangos Alma Delia
Published: May 2023

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue contrastar la percepción sobre COVID-19 y la actitud hacia las medidas de protección en México con las variables sociodemográficas y personales para conocer el comportamiento de la enfermedad. Método. Se realizó un estudio transversal del 18-31 de mayo de 2020 con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con una muestra de 969 personas. Se empleó estadística descriptiva, análisis factorial exploratorio, pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas de la actitud hacia las medidas de protección a favor de la edad de 60 y más, sexo-mujer, género-femenino, escolaridad-doctorado, ocupación-jubilado y región-norte. Se encontró también diferencia significativa entre la percepción sobre el COVID-19 con la edad-60 y más, ocupación-jubilado, religión-creyente en Dios con filiación religiosa y región-norte. Conclusiones. La percepción sobre COVID-19 y la actitud hacia las medidas de protección es diferente en cada segmento de la población y un cambio de comportamiento individual o colectivo es importante para evitar en un futuro los estragos que México y otros países del mundo vivieron ante el COVID-19.
Translation and validation of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) into the Slovenian language
Authors: Japelj Nuša , Horvat Nejc
Published: May 2023

Background: The European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) is a self-assessment tool for standardised measurement of health literacy.
Aim: To translate HLS-EU-Q47 into the Slovenian language and to investigate its reliability and validity in Slovenia.
Method: HLS-EU-Q47 was translated into Slovenian, back-translated, and subjected to a pilot test. The accepted Slovenian version of the questionnaire was mailed to 2,500 randomly selected adult residents of the Republic of Slovenia. Reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha for the 1-, 3-, 4-, and 12-factor models addressing health literacy, three main health contexts, four health information processing competencies, and 12 combinations, respectively. Validity was explored with confirmatory factor analysis, univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression.
Results: A total of 517 responses were collected (21% response rate). The highest Cronbach’s alpha was obtained for the 1-factor model (0.950), followed by the 3-, 4-, and 12-factor models. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the 12-factor model provided the most valid results (CFI 0.812; RMSEA 0.067, CI 0.065 to 0.070), followed by the 3-, 4-, and 1-factor models. In the multiple regression model, only the association between self-assessment of health and the health literacy index was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The Slovenian version of HLS-EU-Q47 is a reliable instrument for measuring health literacy. All models of the questionnaire showed reasonable model fit, but none fully satisfied all validity criteria. Respondents differentiated better between the three main health contexts (health care, disease prevention, and health promotion) than the four health information processing competencies (access, understand, appraise, and apply).
Dimensional Synthesis, Dexterity Analysis and Experimental Validation of a Six Degree of Freedom Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Thomas Mervin Joe , Sudheer A P , Joy M L
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a design approach based on the dimensionless Jacobian matrix to determine the maximum dextrous workspace for a Six Degree of Freedom (DoF) 3-PPSS (P-Prismatic, S-Spherical) parallel manipulator. As the end-effector of the 3-PPSS manipulator can exhibit both translational and rotational motions, the Jacobian matrix mapping the end-effector velocities and the joint velocities will be dimensionally inhomogeneous. These dimensional inconsistencies within its elements make calculating the associated condition number impossible. Hence, a unit vector approach is introduced in this paper to derive a Jacobian matrix with dimensionless terms to study the dexterity characteristics of the 3-PPSS manipulator. The design procedure follows a systematic approach of choosing the manipulator dimensions corresponding to the maximum dextrous workspace. The manipulator dexterity is characterized by the Global Conditioning Index (GCI). This paper also illustrates the Local Conditioning Index (LCI) distribution within the workspace corresponding to the optimal manipulator dimensions. Finally, the performance of the 3-PPSS manipulator is evaluated experimentally by implementing an intelligent control based on the Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol.
Ultrasonic Image Artifacts Removing Technique Based on SoS Kernel
Authors: song shoupeng , Chen Dan
Published: May 2023

The ultrasonic image provides direct visualization information of the test sample. However, traditional ultrasonic images often accompany artifacts inevitably, which heavily influence the accurate quantization and evaluation of defects. So far, it has been hard to find a way for eliminating artifacts caused by the diffusion of isacoustic contour, signal tail, or noise simultaneously. To remove different kinds of ultrasonic image artifacts, a novel ultrasonic imaging method is presented using a SoS (Sum of Sinc) kernel. If the envelope of ultrasonic echo is obtained, let it pass through a SoS kernel, then sample the signal at equal intervals determined by the echo signal information degree, and apply the Fourier transform to the discrete sampling data to obtain the Fourier coefficient sequence. After that, use the spectral estimation algorithm to estimate the parameters of the ultrasonic echo signal and reconstruct the echo signal using the estimated parameters. Finally, the ultrasonic image can be obtained by calculating the acoustic field using the reconstructed echoes. Experiments have been performed on a sample with standard defects of straight slot and through-hole, and the experimental results revealed that the imaging method not only improves the quantization accuracy of the defect but also greatly restrains the different types of artifacts.
Numerical Relationship Between Non-visual Metrics and Brightness Metrics - Implications for the Evaluation of Integrative Lighting Systems
Authors: Tran Khanh Quoc , Trinh Vinh Quang , Bodrogi Peter
Published: May 2023

From the beginning of the 21st century until today, the demand for lighting systems includes not only visual parameters (brightness, contrast perception, color quality), but also non-visual parameters. It is necessary to define the new non-visualparameters for the realization of the new concept of Human Centric Lighting (HCL) or Integrative Lighting. As a contribution tothis approach, many international research groups have tried to quantify the non-visual parameters such as Circadian Stimulus by M. Rea et. al. in USA (CS2018, CS2021), Melanopic Equivalent Daylight (D65) illuminance, mEDI of the CIE S 026/E:2018 or the latest formula by Giménez et al. for the nocturnal melatonin suppression. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between these non-visual metrics and brightness metrics such as the equivalent luminance of Fotios et al. or the latest brightness model of TU Darmstadt so that scientists, lighting engineers and lighting system users can correctly apply them in their work. In this context, this paper attempts to investigate and analyze these relationships between the three metric groups based on the database of 884 light sources of different light source technologies and daylight spectra. The obtained results show that the latest Circadian Stimulus model of M. Rea et. al. CS2021 with the improvement of Circadian Light CLA,2021 (CLA 2.0) has solved the disadvantage of CS2018, especially for the interrupted point between warm and cold white (about 3710 K) or the junction between negative and positive signal of the opponent channel (B-(L + M)). Moreover,these three metrics of the three research groups contain a high correlation coefficient, so that one metric can be transformed by linear functions to the other two parameters.
Preparation and characterisation of hydrotalcites colloid dispersions suitable for deacidification of paper information carriers
Authors: Jurišová Jana , Danielik Vladimír , Malečková Soňa , Guzikiewiczová Eva , Králik Milan , Vizárová Katarína , Ambrová Marta , Fellner Pavel
Published: May 2023

Hydrotalcite samples were prepared in the form of powder and/or sol under different conditions and characterised by various techniques. A suitable system of liquid carriers consisting of perfluoroheptane, isopropanol, and water (PFH-IPA-H2O) was chosen to apply HTlcs as deacidifying agents to paper. The areas of miscibility and immiscibility in the PFH-IPA-H2O system were determined at a temperature of 25 °C. The properties of HTlcs dispersed in the prepared solvent were measured. The size of the particles was determined by optical microscopy with image analysis. The average particle size ranges from 1 µm to 2 µm. The settling speed of particles in the prepared colloidal systems was monitored using turbidimetry. Sols in the mixture of solvents had uniformly dispersed particles that settled slowly. The effect of the prepared colloidal HTlcs dispersions on the properties of the paper, specifically the pH of its surface, was also tested. Hydrotalcites in the form of a sol with a ratio of magnesium to aluminium of 5:1 was found to be promising candidates for deacidification. The use of surfactant additives in the preparation of HTlcs did not positively affect the properties of the paper.
Suicide attempts in the provinces of Iran between 2009-2016- an observational study
Authors: Rahmani Sirwan , Etemad Koorosh , Kavousi Amir , Moradjafari Parastoo , Mahdavi Seyed Amirhosein , Nazari Seyed Saeed Hashemi
Published: May 2023

Background Suicide is a significant public health problem caused by the interaction between demographic, socio-economic, and cultural factors. According to the World Health Organization, about 804,000 fatal suicides and several times this number of suicide attempts occurred worldwide in 2017. Evidence suggests that the incidence of suicide varies among Iran provinces. It is essential to know these differences to allocate resources and adopt the right policies.Methods We used data recorded by the Ministry of Health and the National Forensic Medicine Organization during the study years to provide information about the rate of suicide attempts in the provinces of Iran. To accurately calculate the under-reporting of suicide attempts according to the frequency of successful suicide, we used TSsmooth methods in STATA 14 software. We ran Exponential, Moving Average, and H Winter models and the best model was chosen according to the lowest root mean square error.Results There were 30,137 successful suicide attempts and 349342 unsuccessful suicide attempts during the eight-year study period. Around 18,684 suicides resulted in the death of males, and 11,453 were females. Among the unsuccessful suicide attempts, 237,552 cases were males, and 111,790 were females. The incidence rate of eight years of successful suicide based on age in the age group (15–25 years) was higher than in other groups.Conclusion Considering the current situation in Iran, it is suggested that interventional measures be designed to reduce the incidence of suicide attempts, especially in the age group of 15–49 years, and to conduct pilot studies in provinces with relatively higher incidence rates than other provinces of the country.
A new method of thermal runaway warning for lithium-ion batteries using the swelling force
Authors: Liu Shiqiang , Lin Chunjing , Wen Haoran , Liu Lei , Hu Yuanzhi , Li Danhua
Published: May 2023

The thermal runaway process of a battery is accompanied by changes in the characteristic parameters, including the battery voltage, temperature, internal resistance, gas, smoke, and swelling force, which provide many options for the early warning of battery thermal runaway. Among the various feasible warning methods for thermal runaway, the method of swelling force may have distinct advantages in advance warning and warning reliability. In this paper, commercial lithium iron phosphate/graphite and ternary/graphite batteries were used as the research objects. The patterns of the change of the swelling force with voltage, temperature, and other parameters were compared, and the results showed that the change of the swelling force during thermal runaway was higher than that during normal charging and discharging. Moreover, the time when the change of the swelling force in the thermal runaway process exceeded the change under normal working conditions was earlier, so an earlier warning could be achieved. In addition, compared with the temperature signal, the collection of the swelling force signal was more convenient. In summary, this paper provides a feasible and fast method for the early warning of battery thermal runaway, which has high engineering significance for improving the safety of electric vehicles.
Dynamic responses and interactive failure mechanisms of carbon fiber composite face sheets/double-layer corrugated core sandwich structures under low-velocity impacts loading
Authors: Wang Hangyan , Zhang GuangGuang , Zhou Shuiting , Ouyang Liange
Published: May 2023

A single-layer and double-layer corrugated core sandwich structure consisting of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer (CFRP) panels and aluminium alloy core layers was designed. Numerical simulations were carried out in HyperMesh/LsDyna, and the simulation results of single-layer and double-layer corrugated sandwich structure were compared with the experimental results to verify the reliability of the proposed numerical model. Compared with the results of single-layer and double-layer corrugated sandwich structure, the superiority of a double-layer corrugated sandwich structure in anti-collision performance is verified. Considering the effects of impact energy and impact position on impact force, energy absorption capacity, and failure mode, a series of low-velocity impact finite element simulations was carried out. It was found that the main failure mode of composite laminates included fibre damage, matrix damage and delamination, and core buckling. At the same impact position, the higher the impact energy, the greater the initial slopes of the contact force-time and absorbed energy-time curves, the higher the peak force, and the larger the energy absorption capacity. Under the same impact energy, when the impactor hit the wave crest of the sandwich structure, the damage to the structure was small; however, the maximum impact force on the structure was large (~8 kN).
High resolution simulation of basilar artery infarct and flow within the circle of Willis
Authors: McCullough Jon W. S. , Coveney Peter V.
Published: May 2023

On a global scale, cerebro-and cardiovascular diseases have long been one of the leading causes of death and disability and their prevalence appears to be increasing in recent times. Understanding potential biomarkers and risk factors will help to identify individuals potentially at risk of suffering an ischemic stroke. However, the widely variable construction of the cerebral vasculature makes it difficult to provide a specific assessment without the knowledge of a patient’s physiology. In this paper we use the 3D blood flow simulator HemeLB to study flow within three common structural variations of the circle of Willis during and in the moments after a blockage of the basilar artery. This tool, based on the lattice Boltzmann method, allows the 3D flow entering the basilar artery to be finely controlled to replicate the cessation of blood feeding this particular vessel-we demonstrate this with several examples including a sudden halt to flow and a gradual loss of flow over three heartbeat cycles. In this work we start with an individualised 3D representation of a full circle of Willis and then construct two further domains by removing the left or right posterior communicating arteries from this geometry. Our results indicate how, and how quickly, the circle of Willis is able to redistribute flow following such a stroke. Due to the choice of infarct, the greatest reduction in flow was observed in the posterior cerebral arteries where flow was reduced by up to 70% in some cases. The high resolution domains used in this study permit the velocity magnitude and wall shear stress to be analysed at key points during and following the stroke. The model we present here indicates how personalised vessels are required to provide the best insight into stroke risk for a given individual.
Insurance approval rates for collagenase clostridium histolyticum prior to discontinuation: a Canada-wide analysis
Authors: Patel Premal , Chung David , Shiff Benjamin , Bal Dhiraj , Southall Thomas , Blachman-Braun Ruben , Grenier Marc , Flannigan Ryan , Patel Premal
Published: May 2023

Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCh), the first approved non-surgical treatment for Peyronie’s disease (PD), was withdrawn from the European, Canadian, and Asian markets due to poor demand and lack of government reimbursement options. We sought to assess insurance approval rates and usage of CCh across Canada to understand the factors that led to its withdrawal. Data on patients prescribed CCh for PD or Dupuytren's contracture was obtained through collaboration with BioScript Solutions to assess the association of variables with insurance approval and prescription filling. We identified 3297 insurance coverage applications for Xiaflex from April 2018 to June 2020. Of all applications for PD, 92.9% applications were approved while 7.1% were rejected. Despite the withdrawal of CCh from Canadian markets, coverage application approval rates for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 86.5%, 90.1%, and 89.1%, respectively. Of 2921 approved applications, 88.8% prescriptions were filled. For the 376 rejected applications, 66.4% of prescriptions were filled. Overall, 90% of the cost of Xiaflex was covered in Canada among those with extended health benefits, with an out-of-pocket expense of $210.4. Insurance coverage requests for Xiaflex were approved at a high rate in Canada with approved patients being very likely to proceed with therapy, despite interprovincial variation.
CUI-Net: A Correcting Uneven Illumination Net for Low-Light Image Enhancement
Authors: Chao Ke , Song Wei , Shao Sen , Liu Dan , Liu XiangChun , Zhao XiaoBing
Published: May 2023

Uneven lighting conditions often occur during real-life photography, such as images taken at night that may have both low-light dark areas and high-light overexposed areas. Traditional algorithms for enhancing low-light areas also increase the brightness of overexposed areas, affecting the overall visual effect of the image. Therefore, it is important to achieve differentiated enhancement of low-light and high-light areas. In this paper, we propose a network called Correcting Uneven Illumination Network (CUI-Net) with sparse attention transformer and convolutional neural network(CNN) to better extract low-light features by constraining high-light features. Specifically, CUI-Net consists of two main modules: a low-light enhancement module and an auxiliary module. The enhancement module is a hybrid network that combines the advantages of CNN and Transformer network, which can alleviate uneven lighting problems and enhance local details better. The auxiliary module is used to converge the enhancement results of multiple enhancement modules during the training phase, so that only one enhancement module is needed during the testing phase to speed up inference. Furthermore, zero-shot learning is used in this paper to adapt to complex uneven lighting environments without requiring paired or unpaired training data. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm, we tested it on multiple datasets of different types, and the algorithm showed stable performance, demonstrating its good robustness. Additionally, by applying this algorithm to practical visual tasks such as object detection, face detection, and semantic segmentation, and comparing it with other state-of-the-art low-light image enhancement algorithms, we have demonstrated its practicality and advantages.
The art of sticking: attaching methods affect direct transplantation success
Authors: Garcia-Baciero Alberto , Garcia-Herrero Alvaro , Horcajo-Berná Eva , Clements Gopalasamy Reuben
Published: May 2023

The success of coral reef rehabilitation practices is highly variable among projects and depends, in many cases, on their survivorship. While most research studies have focused on the long-term survival and growth rates of transplanted corals, short-term coral detachment is one of the principal causes of mortality in rehabilitation practices. Nonetheless, it is possible to prevent this by increasing the speed of coral self-attachment. To address this issue, we tested the efficiency of three different fasteners in attaching loose coral fragments onto two artificial substrata by assessing coral self-attachment and detachment rates in a short-term period (90 days). We transplanted 515 coral fragments from 8 species onto two substrates (glass bottles and iron rebar) using three fasteners (nylon cable tie, metal wire, and hemp rope). Generalized Linear Mixed-effect Models showed that the type of fastener, substrate, and the interactions between them were the main determinants of coral self-attachment and detachment. After 90 days, corals attached with cable ties exhibited lower detachment rates (3.80%) than corals attached with metal wire (25.28%) or hemp rope (69.27%). A higher number of fragments secured with cable ties managed to self-attach (73.42%) and grow over the substrate, compared with those secured with metal wire and hemp rope (57.3% and 30.18%, respectively).
Effect of Tafluprost on Endothelial Function-related Molecules and Hemorheological Parameters in Patients with Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Li Qiang , Luo Xiaoling , Nie Aiqin , Luo Bin , Shen Xiaoli
Published: May 2023

Objectives This study analyzed the effect of tafluprost on endothelial function-related molecules and hemorheological parameters in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, and provided reference for clinical treatment.Methods Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the research subjects. 70 patients (140 eyes) were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 35 cases, 70 eyes) and observation group (n = 35 cases, 70 eyes). The patients in the control group received timolol maleate eye drops, and the patients in the observation group received tafluprost eye drops. The clinical effects of the two groups of patients were analyzed, and the changes of endothelial function-related molecule [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level] were detected before and after treatment, and the changes of blood rheology parameters before and after treatment in the two groups were analyzed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the visual acuity of the two groups was significantly increased while the intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the levels of VEGF and its receptors in serum were significantly increased (P < 0.05), End diastolic velocity (EDV) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) levels of central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) were significantly increased while resistance index (RI) level was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the above indicators in the observation group had more significant changes (P < 0.05).Conclusions Tafluprost has obvious clinical effect on patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, and can significantly improve abnormal hemorheological parameters and abnormal levels of endothelial function molecules.
Experiment of rolling friction characteristic of organic fertilizer particle based on high-speed photography
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Guanghui
Published: May 2023

The physical properties of organic fertilizer particle, including the dimension feature, density, Poisson’s rate, shear modulus, coefficient of restitution, coefficient of static fraction, and coefficient of rolling fraction are vital to the design of the drum and the simulation of its working process. There have been many relative studies on them, but no mature theory and accurate method to measure the coefficient of rolling friction has been developed. Only one method based on the principle of conservation of energy gave some enlightenment on the way to achieve it.
The experimental materials included several selected organic fertilizer particle, an angle adjustable frame of rail, and two rails which were made of steel, and organic fertilizer particle respectively. The main testing equipment was the Phantom v9.1 high-speed camera, which was produced by Vision Research. The frame rate used in the experiment was 1 000 fps.
According to the results of the experiment, the coefficient of rolling friction of different moisture content organic fertilizer particle against steel, and organic fertilizer particle are known as y = 0.0004𝑥2 − 0.0014𝑥 + 0.0246 𝑅2 = 0.9998 , y = 0.0004𝑥2 − 0.001𝑥 + 0.1521 𝑅2 =0.9983 respectively. The data measured can be used for design drum and simulation analysis.
On the observation of distant objects in general relativity and its implications in cosmology
Authors: Caby Théophile
Published: May 2023

We carry out a careful analysis of the notion of observation of distant objects in a curved static universe. To this end, we introduce an observer-based representation referential endowed with a Euclidean structure, and postulate that all measurement are performed with respect to this reference frame. For a universe of constant positive spatial curvature, this causes a distortion of metric quantities which grows with the distance to the observer. In this context, the redshift of cosmological objects is not caused by their recessions, but instead by the spatial curvature along the trajectory of photons from the emitting source to the observer. Applying these considerations to the Einstein’s static universe, we obtain a red-shift/distance relationship that is consistent with cosmological measurements. We show that this effect also explains the existence of a Cosmic Microwave Background whose characteristics agree with the observations of the Planck mission. Furthermore, this model predicts the abundance of well-formed galactic structures in the high redshift universe, which were recently detected by the JWST.
Optical properties of 1D quasiperiodic structures containing graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Eyni Zahra , Milanchian Karim
Published: May 2023

The optical properties of quasiperiodic structures as Fibonacci, Thu-Morse, and Cantor sequences containing graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial have been investigated using the transfer matrix method and the effective medium theory at THz region. The hyperbolic metamaterial layers were considered as a homogeneous anisotropic medium with their optical axis is tilted with respect to the interface of the layers. It is shown that these structures may have some band gaps in both the hyperbolic and elliptical frequency region. Moreover, the effects of the hyperbolic metamaterial layers optical axis orientation, and the graphen surface conductivity on the transmission and absorption properties are discussed. It is found that the transmission and absorption of all selected structures for both TE and TM polarizations are different. Also, the transmission and absorption for TM polarization depend on both graphene chemical potential and optical axis orientation of the hyperbolic metamaterial layers. However, in the TE polarization case, these optical properties of these structures only depend on graphene chemical potential. These interesting results may be used to design controllable terahertz polarizers or filters.
Effect Of Closing Processus Vaginalis In Orchidopexy To Recurrence And Testicular Atrophy – 15 Years Follow-Up
Authors: KUAS Nilsun , ATEŞ Ufuk , ERGÜN Ergun , MAMMADLI Aysel , KÖKSALDI İrem Semiha , ATASOY Atike , BAHADIR Gülnur GÖLLÜ , KOLOĞLU Meltem BİNGÖL , YAĞMURLU Emin Aydın , ÇAKMAK Ahmet Murat
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Undescended testis is one of the most common pathologies encountered by pediatric surgeons. In traditional orchidopexy operation, PPV is dissected from testicular vessels and spermatic cord. In this study, it was aimed to compare the results of undescended testis patients with and without PPV closure in terms of recurrence and atrophy
Methods: After the approval of the local ethics committee, patients who were operated for undescended testis between January 2007 and December 2022 were evaluated. Patients were determined in two groups. first group was with PPV ligation (n=171), second group was without PPV ligation (n=1637).
Results: Inguinal hernia was not observed after operation in 15 years of follow-up. There were 23 recurrences (%13,4) in group 1 and 48 recurrences (%2,9) in group 2. According to the preoperative evaluation; A decrease in testicular size was detected in 5 patients (2.9%) in Group 1 and 8 patients (0.4%) in Group 2 in the postoperative follow-up.
Conclusion: There is no need to ligate the PPV with additional dissection and open the external oblique fascia if it is predicted that the spermatic cord and testicular vessels may come to scrotum without tension in patients who underwent orchiopexy surgery.
Key Words: undescended testis, orchidopexy, processus vajinalis
Numerical investigation of turbulent natural convection in a round bottom flask using a hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Baiti Adel , Salhi Hicham , Chafai Nadjib
Published: May 2023

In this study, we conducted a numerical investigation of the turbulent natural convection of a hybrid nanofluid (HNF) in a flask equipped with an agitator, which is commonly used in organic chemistry synthesis. The bottom wall and the middle section of the flask were maintained at a constant high temperature Th, while the upper, left, and right walls up to the middle of the flask were kept at a low temperature Tc. The HNF consisted of Graphene (Gr) and Carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticles (NP) dispersed in pure water. The governing equations were solved numerically using the finite size approach and formulated using the Boussinesq approximation. The effects of the NP volume fraction 𝜑 (ranging from 0–6%), the Rayleigh number Ra (ranging from 104 to 106), and the Nusselt number were investigated in this simulation. The results indicated that the heat transfer is noticeably influenced by the Ra number and the increase in the 𝜑 ratio. Additionally, the agitator rotation speed had a slight effect on the heat transfer.
Design and implementation of a routing protocol for VANET to improve the QoS of the Network
Authors: pal Tumpa , Saha Ramesh , Biswas Suparna
Published: May 2023

Wireless communication Technology is very fast emerging for deploying and developing new as well as traditional applications. Most people are doing research on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) is a part of IoV, It scopes to reach internet access to make use of the available service on the road along with the improvement in safety, convenience and comfort or even entertainment. While travelling has become a very popular area of research as it lay the foundation for the intelligent transportation system. In VANET, the mobility of the vehicle is high hence the network is dynamic. Therefore, the connectivity between the two vehicles and the roadside unit (RSU) keeps changing, increasing the links and reducing the network quality of Service (QoS).In this context, a more effective routing protocol is needed that would be improved the VANET quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, a routing protocol is designed and implemented to improve the QoS of the VANET network. Here the VANET packet is routed to the destination using multiple Onboard unit (OBU) of vehicles and roadside units (RSU). The proposed process is simulated using MATLAB 2022a and shows the performance of the improvement of QoS parameters like end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), normalized routing load (NRL), energy usage (EU) and throughput is better than the previously implemented routing protocol such as SDIoV (SDN Enabled Routing for Internet of Vehicles), and well-known protocol AODV.
A Categorical Archive of ChatGPT Failures
Authors: Borji ali
Published: May 2023

Large language models have been demonstrated to be valuable in different fields. ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, has been trained using massive amounts of data and simulates human conversation by comprehending context and generating appropriate responses. It has garnered significant attention due to its ability to effectively answer a broad range of human inquiries, with fluent and comprehensive answers surpassing prior public chatbots in both security and usefulness. However, a comprehensive analysis of ChatGPT’s failures is lacking, which is the focus of this study. Eleven categories of failures, including reasoning, factual errors, math, coding, and bias, are presented and discussed. The risks, limitations, and societal implications of ChatGPT are also highlighted. The goal of this study is to assist researchers and developers in enhancing future language models and chatbots. Please refer to here for the list of questions.
Price of Anarchy of Traffic Assignment with Exponential Cost Functions
Authors: Qiao Jianglin , de Jonge Dave , Du Bo , Zhang Dongmo , Simoff Simeon , Sierra Carles
Published: May 2023

The advancement of technologies for autonomous vehicles (AVs) provides great potential for intelligent traffic control and management in the future. The deployment of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications enable traffic control on road segments, intersections or regional road networks with more options, either centralized or decentralized. However, choosing these options is not purely technical but a trade-off between autonomous decision-making and system optimization. One useful quantitative criterion for such a trade-off is the price of anarchy (PoA) of autonomous decision-making. This paper analyses the price of anarchy for road networks with traffic of autonomous vehicles. We model a traffic network as a routing game in which vehicles are selfish agents who choose routes to travel autonomously to minimize travel delays caused by road congestion. Unlike existing research in which the latency function of road congestion was based on polynomial functions like the well-known BPR function, we focus on routing games where an exponential function can specify the latency of road traffic. We first calculate a tight upper bound for the price of anarchy for this class of games and then compare this result with the tight upper bound of the PoA for routing games with the BPR latency function. The comparison shows that as long as the traffic volume is lower than the road capacity, the tight upper bound of the PoA of the games with the exponential function is lower than the corresponding value with the BPR function. Finally, numerical results based on real-world traffic data demonstrate that the exponential function can approximate road latency as close as the BPR function with even tighter exponential parameters, which results in a relatively lower upper bound.
Few-shot X-ray Prohibited-item Detection Based on Multi-scale Feature Fusion and Sample Balancing
Authors: Ni Qianwen , Song Yonghong , Zhang Yuanlin
Published: May 2023

Few-Shot Learning (FSL) aims to tackle machine learning tasks with limited data and has garnered widespread attention. Previous research has demonstrated that few-shot object detection methods based on model fine-tuning yield strong performance. However, the fine-tuning-based few-shot object detection approach also has its drawbacks: (1) limited learning ability on complex datasets, (2) high variability of a few samples during the fine-tuning phase often resulting in unstable performance, and (3) poor generalization of the model due to under-utilization of the visual features of a few samples. In this paper, we focus on X-ray security inspection of prohibited items as our research context. Firstly, we propose a sample balancing module that differs from random sampling by dividing the sampling interval into IOU values for uniform sampling, which helps uncover highly valuable challenging samples. Secondly, we introduce a multi-scale feature fusion module that enhances multi-level features by utilizing the same depth of fused balanced semantic information. This approach addresses the high variability of a small number of samples, leading to more accurate localization. Our method performs well across multiple shot settings on the PASCAL VOC, COCO, and X-ray prohibited items datasets, such as UNICOMP, with an increase of 8.8% to 27.9% in UNICOMP, outperforming most state-of-the-art methods.
The meaning of Participation in Play of Children with Disabilities and Teachers’ Support for Play in the Practicum Experience of Pre-service Early Childhood Special Teachers
Authors:   Korean Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education, Kang Seongri
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of play participation and teacher support for young children with special needs in the practicum of pre-service early childhood special teachers. To this end, focus group interviews and individual in-depth interviews were conducted for pre-service early childhood special teachers. The interview data was analyzed by deriving major concepts through semantic unit analysis and categorizing them. As a result of the analysis, 49 main concepts, 15 subcategories, and 5 upper categories were analyzed, and the specific research results are as follows.
The meaning of play for children with disabilities and support for play by teachers is as follows: ‘The story of play that is specially created and disappears’, ‘The power that makes play possible: external conditions of play’, ‘Searching for various ways to support play’, ‘Rediscovering the meaning of play-centered curriculum’, ‘New changes needed: suggestions for teacher training course’. This study can be used as educational material for the operation of the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum and support for play in the pre-service early childhood special teachers teacher training course.
Effects of Supporting for ABEI with ASAP on ECSE Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Preschooler with ASD’s Social Communication Initiation and Engagement in Play
Authors:   Korean Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education, Shin Soojin , Lee SoHyun
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the effectiveness of supporting for ABEI(activity-based embedded intervention) with ASAP on ECSE(early childhood special education) teachers’ self-efficacy, children with ASD’s social communication initiation and play engagement. For this purpose, 18 ECSE teachers working at public inclusive kindergartens in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Jeollabuk-do and 9 children with ASD participated. Support for ABEI with ASAP provided small group workshops and individual on-site supports to support all process of ABEI with ASAP consists of ASAP assessment, instruction goal setting, planning ABEI, using ABEI, monitoring progress for 10 sessions. The pretest-posttest control group design was used to find out whether there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group regarding the teacher’s self-efficacy. Also single group pretest-posttest design was used to examine if supporting for ABEI with ASAP changed the degree of social communication initiation and play engagement of children with ASD in experiment group. there was a significant difference in the pre-post changes of ECSE teachers’ self-efficacy between the experimental group and the control group. social communication initiation and play engagement of children with ASD in experimental group was improved when compared to pre-test improved significantly. Discussions of the results and implications for future research are discussed.
A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Connecting between the 2019 Revised Nuri Curriculum and the Individualized Education Plan of Early Childhood Special Education Teachers at Special Classes in Public Kindergarten
Authors:   Korean Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education, Baek Jiyeon , Jo Hyungeun
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out the experience and meaning of the connection between the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum and the Individualized Education Plan(IEP) of early childhood special education teachers at special classes in public kindergarten. To this end, 7 early childhood special education teachers at special classes in public kindergartens who have qualifications as teachers in special schools (kindergarten) were sampled for the purpose, and data were collected through in-depth interviews. The collected data were categorized according to the continuous comparison method, and 2 upper categories, 8 sub-categories, and 35 main contents were derived. The results of the study are as follows. First, the participants recognized the experience of connecting the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum with the IEP as ‘education made by early children and teachers together’. The sub-categories were ‘unified education met by the early childhood special education teacher’, ‘barrier met by the early childhood special education teacher’, and ‘required support in an inclusive environment’. Second, the participants recognized the experience of connecting the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum with the IEP as an ‘educational practice process for one early child’. The sub-categories were ‘connecting with the curriculum’, ‘putting the early child at the center’, ‘teachers who create fences’, ‘obstacles encountered in connecting with the curriculum’, and ‘required support for an early child's education’. The results of this study is expected to be a useful resource for early childhood special education teachers and related researchers who are striving to successfully link the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum with IEP.
A Narrative Inquiry on the Collaboration between Early Childhood Education Teacher and Early Childhood Special Education Teacher for the Management of Inclusive Classrooms in Kindergarten
Authors:   Korean Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education, Gill Soyeon , Jo Hyungeun
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand the in-depth experience of collaboration between early childhood special education teachers and early childhood education teachers who operate an inclusive classes within the same kindergarten. To this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 2 early childhood special education teachers and 2 early childhood education teachers to collect data.
Additionally researcher's research diary, participant's personal journal, and informal conversations through SNS were collected. The collected data were analyzed according to the narrative inquiry process. The results based on the story flow were ‘two teachers facing an inclusive class’, ‘an inclusive class moving forward together’, and ‘a step towards developing together’. In addition, successful inclusive class management was discussed from the point of view of cooperation between teachers. The results of this study are meaningful in that they provided basic data for practical efforts and methods on how to cooperate with early childhood special education teachers and early childhood education teachers who operate inclusive classes in kindergartens in the future.