bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation, flow and break-up of ephemeral ice mélange at LeConte Glacier and Bay, Alaska
Authors: Amundson Jason M. , Kienholz Christian , Hager Alexander O. , Jackson Rebecca H. , Motyka Roman J. , Nash Jonathan D. , Sutherland David A.
Published: May 2020

Ice mélange has been postulated to impact glacier and fjord dynamics through a variety of mechanical and thermodynamic couplings. However, observations of these interactions are very limited. Here, we report on glaciological and oceanographic data that were collected from 2016 to 2017 at LeConte Glacier and Bay, Alaska, and serendipitously captured the formation, flow and break-up of ephemeral ice mélange. Sea ice formed overnight in mid-February. Over the subsequent week, the sea ice and icebergs were compacted by the advancing glacier terminus, after which the ice mélange flowed quasi-statically. The presence of ice mélange coincided with the lowest glacier velocities and frontal ablation rates in our record. In early April, increasing glacier runoff and the formation of a sub-ice-mélange plume began to melt and pull apart the ice mélange. The plume, outgoing tides and large calving events contributed to its break-up, which took place over a week and occurred in pulses. Unlike observations from elsewhere, the loss of ice mélange integrity did not coincide with the onset of seasonal glacier retreat. Our observations provide a challenge to ice mélange models aimed at quantifying the mechanical and thermodynamic couplings between ice mélange, glaciers and fjords.
New constraints on the last deglaciation of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in coastal Southeast Alaska
Authors: Lesnek Alia J. , Briner Jason P. , Baichtal James F. , Lyles Alex S.
Published: May 2020

Understanding marine-terminating ice sheet response to past climate transitions provides valuable long-term context for observations of modern ice sheet change. Here, we reconstruct the last deglaciation of marine-terminating Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) margins in Southeast Alaska and explore potential forcings of western CIS retreat. We combine 27 new cosmogenic10Be exposure ages, 13 recently published10Be ages, and 25 new14C ages from raised marine sediments to constrain CIS recession. Retreat from the outer coast was underway by 17 ka, and the inner fjords and sounds were ice-free by 15 ka. After 15 ka, the western margin of the CIS became primarily land-terminating and alpine glaciers disappeared from the outer coast. Isolated alpine glaciers may have persisted in high inland peaks until the early Holocene. Our results suggest that the most rapid phase of CIS retreat along the Pacific coast occurred between ~17 and 15 ka. This retreat was likely driven by processes operating at the ice-ocean interface, including sea level rise and ocean warming. CIS recession after ~15 ka occurred during a time of climatic amelioration in this region, when both ocean and air temperatures increased. These data highlight the sensitivity of marine-terminating CIS regions to deglacial climate change.
Are the nutrient and textural properties of Australian commercial infant and toddler foods consistent with infant feeding advice?
Authors: Moumin Najma A. , Green Tim J. , Golley Rebecca K. , Netting Merryn J.
Published: May 2020

Infant feeding guidelines worldwide recommend first foods to be Fe rich with no added sugars and that nutrient-poor discretionary foods are to be avoided. Feeding guidelines also recommend exposing infants to a variety of foods and flavours with increasingly complex textures. Here, we compare nutritional and textural properties of commercial infant and toddler foods available in Australia with established infant feeding guidelines. Nutrition information and ingredient lists were obtained from food labels, manufacturer and/or retailer websites. In total, 414 foods were identified, comprising mostly mixed main dishes, fruit and vegetable first foods and snacks. Most products were poor sources of Fe, and 80 % of first foods were fruit-based. Half of all products were purées in squeeze pouches, and one-third of all products were discretionary foods. The nutritional content of many products was inconsistent with guidelines, being low in Fe, sweet, smooth in consistency or classified as discretionary. Reformulation of products is warranted to improve Fe content, particularly in mixed main dishes, expand the range of vegetable-only foods and textural variety. Greater regulatory oversight may be needed to better inform parents and caregivers. Frequent consumption of commercial baby foods low in Fe may increase the risk of Fe deficiency. Excessive consumption of purées via squeeze pouches may also have implications for overweight and obesity risk.
Efficacy of internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for severe health anxiety: results from a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Hoffmann Ditte , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik , Jensen Jens Søndergaard , Frostholm Lisbeth
Published: May 2020

Background

Health anxiety is common, disabling and costly due to patients’ extensive use of health care services. Internet-delivered treatment may overcome barriers of accessibility to specialized treatment. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT).

Methods

A randomized, controlled trial of iACT versus an internet-delivered discussion forum (iFORUM), performed in a Danish university hospital setting. Patients self-referred and underwent video-diagnostic assessment. Eligible patients (≥18 years) with health anxiety were randomized to 12 weeks of intervention. The randomization was blinded for the assessor. The primary outcome was between-group unadjusted mean differences in health anxiety symptoms measured by the Whiteley-7 Index (WI-7, range 0–100) from baseline to 6-month follow-up (6-MFU) using intention to treat and a linear mixed model. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT02735434.

Results

A total of 151 patients self-referred, and 101 patients were randomized to iACT (n = 53) or iFORUM (n = 48). A mean difference in change over time of 19.0 points [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.8–27.2, p < 0.001] was shown on the WI-7, and a large standardized effect size of d = 0.80 (95% CI 0.38–1.23) at 6-MFU. The number needed to treat was 2.8 (95% CI 1.8–6.1, p < 0.001), and twice as many patients in iACT were no longer clinical cases (35% v. 16%; risk ratio 2.17, 95% CI 1.00–4.70, p = 0.050). Adverse events were few and insignificant.

Conclusions

iACT for health anxiety led to sustained effects at 6-MFU. The study contributes to the development of easily accessible treatment options and deserves wider application.
Dialysis and plasmapheresis for schizophrenia: a systematic review
Authors: Cox Emily R. , Marwick Katie F. M. , Hunter Robert W. , Priller Josef , Lawrie Stephen M.
Published: May 2020

Increasing evidence suggests that circulating factors and immune dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In particular, proinflammatory cytokines, complement and autoantibodies against CNS epitopes have recently been associated with psychosis. Related concepts in previous decades led to several clinical trials of dialysis and plasmapheresis as treatments for schizophrenia. These trials may have relevance for the current understanding of schizophrenia. We aimed to identify whether dialysis or plasmapheresis are beneficial interventions in schizophrenia. We conducted a systematic search in major electronic databases for high-quality studies (double-blinded randomised trials with sham controls) applying either haemodialysis or plasmapheresis as an intervention in patients with schizophrenia, published in English from the start of records until September 2018. We found nine studies meeting inclusion criteria, reporting on 105 patients in total who received either sham or active intervention. One out of eight studies reported a beneficial effect of haemodialysis on schizophrenia, one a detrimental effect and six no effect. The sole trial of plasmapheresis found it to be ineffective. Adverse events were reported in 23% of patients. Studies were at unclear or high risk of bias. It is unlikely that haemodialysis is a beneficial treatment in schizophrenia, although the studies were of small size and could not consider potential subgroups. Plasmapheresis was only addressed by one study and warrants further exploration as a treatment modality in schizophrenia.
Evaluating options for decision making on costly hospital drugs in Austria
Authors: Wolf Sarah , Zechmeister-Koss Ingrid , Grössmann Nicole , Wild Claudia
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to suggest options for a national and standardized process for the reimbursement of costly drugs provided in Austrian hospitals.

Methods

For answering the research questions, reimbursement processes of ten countries were investigated and the strengths and weaknesses of elaborated options of actions were analyzed, resulting in suggestions for solutions in the Austrian reimbursement processes for hospital drugs.

Results

Based on the information derived from the international analysis and the deliberation of the strengths and weaknesses on optional approaches, as well as, on the consideration of the existing reimbursement processes in Austria, three options to reorganize the current decentralized inpatient reimbursement process in Austria were suggested. The first option presents a process following the established processes of the decision making for outpatient drugs. The second option suggests stronger coordination of and cooperation across the existing processes of the nine regional “Pharmaceutical and Therapeutics Committees”. The third option proposes to expand the already established reimbursement process for non-drug interventions.

Conclusions

Evidence-based, transparent, fair and efficient resource allocations are needed for priority setting decisions. However, a decision process can be based on the best available evidence, can be fair and transparent, although it might be substantially more time-consuming. Thus, a pragmatic balance between quality, transparency and timeliness is crucial.
Disentangling syntactic, semantic and pragmatic impairments in ASD: Elicited production of passives
Authors: AMBRIDGE Ben , BIDGOOD Amy , THOMAS Kate
Published: May 2020

Children with ASD and an IQ-matched control group of typically developing (TD) children completed an elicited-production task which encouraged the production of reversible passive sentences (e.g., “Bob was hit by Wendy”). Although the two groups showed similar levels of correct production, the ASD group produced a significantly greater number of “reversal” errors (e.g., “Wendy was hit by Bob”, when, in fact Wendy hit Bob) than the TD group (who, when they did not produce correct passives, instead generally produced semantically appropriate actives; e.g., “Wendy hit Bob”). These findings suggest that the more formal elements of syntax are spared relative to more semantic/pragmatic/narrative aspects (e.g., manipulating thematic roles) in at least high-functioning children with ASD.
Risk stratification of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum using fetal MRI and echocardiography
Authors: Serrano Ryan M. , Hussain Sabena , Brown Brandon , Ebenroth Eric S. , Farrell Anne
Published: May 2020

Despite prenatal diagnosis, prenatal intervention, and immediate postnatal intervention, patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact or highly restrictive atrial septum have the highest risk for mortality. Charts for all infants diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome from 2009 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed and compared, including pulmonary vein Doppler patterns on fetal echocardiogram and evidence of pulmonary lymphangiectasia on fetal MRI. Of the 81 newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, we defined two groups. Group 1 patients had an adequate atrial septal communication (n = 69), while Group 2 met criteria for intact/restrictive septum (n = 12). No patient in Group 1 had a type C pulmonary vein Doppler pattern, while no patient in Group 2 had a type A pulmonary vein Doppler pattern. The two patients with pulmonary lymphangiectasia had type C pulmonary vein Doppler pattern and an intact atrial septum and did not survive. Survival to discharge for Group 1 was 83% compared to 58% for Group 2 (p = 0.116). Survival to stage 2 palliation was 71% for Group 1 compared to 50% for Group 2 (p = 0.186). Only 4 of the initial 12 patients from Group 2 are alive, which is an overall survival of 33%. Our experience supports previous evidence that fetal echocardiography can identify those patients with the greatest likelihood for postnatal intervention as well as those at highest risk for mortality. Fetal MRI is a novel imaging modality that may help providers separate patients at highest risk for mortality, regardless of pulmonary vein Doppler pattern.
High need for recovery from work and sleep problems are associated with workers’ unhealthy dietary habits
Authors: Hemiö Katri , Lindström Jaana , Peltonen Markku , Härmä Mikko , Viitasalo Katriina , Puttonen Sampsa
Published: May 2020

Objective:

We aimed to examine the association of recovery from work and sleep with workers’ dietary habits.

Design:

Cross-sectional study. Need for recovery (NFR) from work was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Sleep was assessed with five questions from the Nordic Sleep Questionnaire and sleep quality question. Dietary habits were estimated using a validated sixteen food groups-containing questionnaire. Ordered logistic regression was used to explore the associations of NFR and sleep with dietary habits adjusted for age, education, marital status, work schedule, working full or part time and occupation.

Setting:

Follow-up visits of type 2 diabetes prevention study cohort in a Finnish airline company

Participants:

The study included 737 men and 605 women.

Results:

Poor recovery from work was associated with a higher eating frequency (OR = 1·03, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·06), higher intake of fast food (OR = 1·05, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·08) and sweets (OR = 1·05, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·08) as well as lower intake of vegetables (OR = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·98) and fruits (OR = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·98) among men. In women, poor recovery from work was associated with higher fast food (OR = 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·09) and desserts consumption (OR = 1·04, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·07). Among men and women, sleep problems were associated with higher eating frequency (men: OR = 1·04, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·07, women: OR = 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·11), consumption of fast food (men: OR = 1·07, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·11, women: OR = 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·10) and sweets (men: OR = 1·05, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·08, women: OR = 1·04, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·08).

Conclusions:

Poor recovery from work and sleep problems were associated with unfavourable dietary habits especially in men.
Coping through a drought: the association between child nutritional status and household food insecurity in the district of iLembe, South Africa
Authors: Drysdale Roisin E , Bob Urmilla , Moshabela Mosa
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To assess and compare the association between household food insecurity and child nutritional status over two time-points taking into consideration the effects of a severe drought.

Design:

The study used two cross-sectional household surveys during and after a severe drought, consistent with a natural experiment design.

Setting:

The study took place in the district of iLembe, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Participants:

Households with children aged <5 years were invited to participate in the survey. Anthropometric measures were taken for the respective children in each of the participating households.

Results:

The results indicated that all forms of poor nutritional status increased over the two time-points, with the most significant increases being for stunting (P < 0·016) and obesity (P < 0·001). There was evidence of an association between increasing food insecurity and stunting (P < 0·003) at the end of the drought, but not wasting, underweight or overweight. The results indicated a strong link between chronic food insecurity and chronic undernutrition. The results also showed stronger evidence of an association between food insecurity and stunting for urban households (P < 0·001) compared to their rural counterparts (P < 0·019).

Conclusions:

The negative effects of drought appear to contribute to increased rates of child stunting through higher levels of household food insecurity. Future research should assess this relationship through longitudinal studies. Interventions aimed at improving food security may assist in reducing child malnutrition, but policymakers should consider urban–rural differences as well as climatic and environmental events.
A FRAMEWORK FOR TORSION THEORY COMPUTATIONS ON ELLIPTIC THREEFOLDS
Authors: ANGELES DAVID , LO JASON , VAN DER LINDEN COURTNEY M.
Published: May 2020

We give a list of statements on the geometry of elliptic threefolds phrased only in the language of topology and homological algebra. Using only notions from topology and homological algebra, we recover existing results and prove new results on torsion pairs in the category of coherent sheaves on an elliptic threefold.
Dissecting the phase space snail shell
Authors: Li Zhao-Yu , Shen Juntai
Published: May 2020

The on-going phase mixing in the vertical direction of the Galactic disk has been discovered with the revolutionary Gaia DR2 data. It manifests itself as the snail shell in the Z–Vz phase space. To better understand the origin and properties of the phase mixing process, we study the phase-mixing signatures in moving groups (also known as the kinematic streams) with the Gaia DR2 data in the Galactic disk near the Solar circle. Interestingly, the phase space snail shell exists only in the main kinematic streams with |VR|≲ 50 km/s and |Vφ –VLSR|≲30 km/s, i.e., stars on dynamically “colder” orbits. Compared to the colder orbits, the hotter orbits may have phase-wrapped away already due to the much larger dynamical range in radial variation to facilitate faster phase mixing. These results help put tighter constraints on the vertical perturbation history of the Milky Way disk. To explain the lack of a well-defined snail shell in the hotter orbits, the disk should have been perturbed at least ∼400–500 Myr ago. Our results offer more support to the recent satellite-disk encounter scenario than the internal bar buckling perturbation scenario as the origin of the phase space mixing.
Vertical distribution of stars and flaring in the Milky Way
Authors: Sarkar Suchira , Jog Chanda J.
Published: May 2020

We study the vertical stellar distribution of the Milky Way thin disk treated as a gravitationally coupled system of stars, HI and H2 gas in the field of dark matter halo, from R = 4 to 22 kpc. We show that the gas and halo gravity mainly constrain this vertical distribution toward the mid-plane in the inner and the outer Galaxy, respectively. The halo gravity reduces the disk thickness by a factor of 3-4 in the outer Galaxy. Despite this constraining effect the disk thickness increases steadily with radius, flaring steeply beyond 17 kpc, making a flaring disk a generic result.
The dynamics in the inner kpc of the lenticular galaxy IC 676
Authors: Zhou Zhimin
Published: May 2020

Lenticular galaxies play an important part in the morphology classes. Their detailed study provides important information with regard to the formation and evolution of the different morphological types of galaxies. Here we investigated a barred lenticular galaxy IC 676, which has double nuclei in its inner kpc region. Based on the integral-field spectroscopy data, we presented the dynamics in the central region of IC 676, and tried to explore the nature and formation of its double nuclei.
BAaDE: The Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution survey
Authors: Sjouwerman Loránt O. , Pihlström Ylva M. , Stroh Michael C. , Lewis Megan O. , Claussen Mark J , Trapp Adam C. , Rich R. Michael , Morris Mark R. ,   the BAaDE collaboration
Published: May 2020

The Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) survey aims to use circumstellar SiO maser line-of-sight velocities as probes for the Galactic gravitational potential and dynamical structure. The SiO masers are detected at a high rate in specific color-selected MSX infrared sources. Furthermore, the SiO maser properties and line ratios, in combination with infrared spectral energy distributions and location in the Galaxy, will statistically yield detailed information on population and evolution of low- to intermediate-mass evolved stars in the Galaxy.
Modelling our galaxy
Authors: Binney James
Published: May 2020

Dynamical models will be key to exploitation of the incoming flood data for our Galaxy. Modelling techniques are reviewed with an emphasis on f(J) modelling.
Gas dynamics and star formation in “isolated” and interacting galaxies using FP observations
Authors: Fuentes-Carrera Isaura , Cárdenas-Martínez Nelli , Nava-Callejas Martín , Rosado Margarita
Published: May 2020

We present scanning Fabry-Perot observations of different types of star-forming galaxies from apparently isolated LIRGs to equal mass interacting galaxies. We analyze the ionized gas kinematics, its relation with the morphology of each system and the location of SF regions for different systems.
The evolution of bulges of galaxies in minor fly-by interactions
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Das Mousumi , Kataria Sandeep Kumar
Published: May 2020

We investigate the minor interactions of two disk galaxies with mass ratio of 10:1 in fly-by encounters that do not lead to the merging of the galaxies. In our N-body simulations, we vary only the pericenter distances to see the effect of the fly-by on the bulge of the major galaxy over the course of the trajectory. At different time steps of the evolution, we did two-dimensional fittings of disk, bulge and bar to trace the variation in the sersic index of the bulge. Our results suggest that galaxy bulges can become boxy/disky through flyby interactions of galaxies.
Mapping the dark matter of NGC 2974: Combination of stellar & cold gas kinematics
Authors: Yang M. , Zhu L. , Weijmans A. , van de Ven G. , Boardman N. F. , Morganti R. , Oosterloo T. A.
Published: May 2020

We present a new method to combine cold gas kinematics with the stellar kinematics modelled with the Schwarzschild orbit-superposition technique, and its application to the lenticular galaxy NGC 2974. The combination of stellar and cold gas kinematics significantly improves the constraints on the measured dark matter profile: assuming a generalised NFW halo profile, we find a cuspy inner halo slope for NGC 2974.
Nearby Hills ejecta as a probe of the gravitational potential of the Milky Way
Authors: Zhang Y. Q. , Smith M. C. , McMillan P. J.
Published: May 2020

Stars ejected from the Galactic Center can be used to place important constraints on the Milky Way potential. We have used Hills stars to constrain models for the Galactic potential, demonstrating that meaningful constraint can be obtained if we have samples of around 50 nearby Hills stars.
Something about Red Supergiants
Authors: Messineo Maria
Published: May 2020

I would like to present an overview of red supergiants (RSGs) in the Milky Way. There are only about 1400 objects listed as RSGs in the spectroscopic catalog by Skiff (2014); moreover, we are not sure yet about how they formed and where they formed. Indeed, most of them are strangely found in isolation, while extraordinary massive clusters of RSGs are observed at the near-end of the Galactic Bar. This intriguing overdensity poses some questions about the continuity of star formation in the Galactic Disk.
The LMC vs. the Milky Way
Authors: Besla Gurtina , Garavito-Camargo Nicolás
Published: May 2020

Recent advancements in astrometry and in cosmological models of dark matter halo growth have significantly changed our understanding of the dynamics of the Local Group. The most dramatic changes owe to a new picture of the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way’s most massive satellite galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which is most likely on its first passage about the Milky Way and ten times larger in mass than previously assumed. The LMC’s orbit through the Milky Way’s dark matter and stellar halo will leave characteristic signatures in both density and kinematics. Furthermore, the gravitational perturbations produced by both direct tidal forcing from the LMC and the response of the halo to its passage will together cause significant perturbations to the orbits of tracers of the Milky Way’s dark matter distribution. We advocate for the use of basis field expansion methods to fully capture and quantify these effects.
Spotting a counter-rotating galaxy
Authors: Rubino Michela , Pizzella Alessandro , Morelli Lorenzo
Published: May 2020

The presence of counter-rotating (CR) components in galaxies is not that rare but their origin is still unclear. Important clues to the formation and evolution of CR galaxies are provided by galaxy kinematics, such as the mass distribution and the shape of the gravitational potential. In order to better understand the origin and incidence of CR galaxies, we aim at modeling CR stellar disks, as they would be observed with Integral Field Units (IFU) instruments, and measuring the kinematics of these peculiar astrophysical objects to reveal the CR signatures. In the bi-dimensional maps of analysed models, the double sigma signature is the best diagnostic to spot the presence of a CR disk component.
A 3D map of the Milky Way’s disk as traced by classical Cepheids
Authors: Chen Xiaodian , Wang Shu , Deng Licai , de Grijs Richard , Liu Chao , Tian Hao
Published: May 2020

We have collected 2330 Cepheids to establish an intuitive 3D map of the Milky Way’s disk. As regards the warp amplitude, the Cepheid disk agrees well with the gas disk for radii up to 15 kpc. However, the mean line of nodes (LON) of the Cepheid disk deviates from the Galactic Center–Sun direction by 17.5±1.0°. This is a new and different result compared with previous results. The LON is not stable at any given radius, but it twists. The twisted pattern suggests that the formation of the Milky Way’s warp is dominated by the massive inner disk. The kinematic warp defined by the Cepheids is also in concordance with the spatial warp. In the 2020 era, the anticipated increasing number of new Cepheids will provide a key opportunity to view our Milky Way’s disk as a whole, and we expect that our knowledge of the disk’s main structural features will be much improved.
Kinematics of highly r-process-enhanced halo stars: Evidence for origins in now-destroyed ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
Authors: Brauer Kaley , Ji Alexander P. , Hattori Kohei , Escobar Sergio , Frebel Anna
Published: May 2020

The Milky Way’s stellar halo preserves a fossil record of smaller dwarf galaxies that merged with the Milky Way throughout its formation history. Currently, though, we lack reliable ways to identify which halo stars originated in which dwarf galaxies or even which stars were definitively accreted. Selecting stars with specific chemical signatures may provide a way forward. We investigate this theoretically and observationally for stars with r-process nucleosynthesis signatures. Theoretically, we combine high-resolution cosmological simulations with an empirically-motivated treatment of r-process enhancement. We find that around half of highly r-process-enhanced metal-poor halo stars may have originated in early ultra-faint dwarf galaxies that merged into the Milky Way during its formation. Observationally, we use Gaia DR2 to compare the kinematics of highly r-process-enhanced halo stars with those of normal halo stars. R-process-enhanced stars have higher galactocentric velocities than normal halo stars, suggesting an accretion origin. If r-process-enhanced stars largely originated in accreted ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, halo stars we observe today could play a key role in understanding the smallest building blocks of the Milky Way via this novel approach of chemical tagging
Warps, Waves, and Phase Spirals in the Milky Way
Authors: Widrow Lawrence M. , Darling Keir , Li Haochuan
Published: May 2020

The stellar disc of the Milky Way exhibits clear departures from planarity, the most conspicuous manifestation being the Galactic Warp but also includes an apparent corrugation pattern in number counts around 15kpc from the Galactic centre, a wave like pattern in the vertical velocities of stars as a function of guiding radius, asymmetries about the midplane in both number counts and bulk motions, and phase spirals in the z–vz projection of the local stellar distribution function. We discuss the physics of these phenomena and, in particular, suggest a possible avenue for inferring the vertical force in the Solar Neighbourhood from phase spirals. We apply Dynamic Mode Decomposition, a technique widely used in the realm of fluid mechanics, to simulations of disc galaxy simulations. This method appears to be particularly well-suited to the study of nonlinear processes such as the coupling of warps and spirals, first discussed by Masset and Tagger.
Observations of Electron Precipitation During Pulsating Aurora and Its Chemical Impact
Authors: Tesema Fasil , Partamies Noora , Tyssøy H. Nesse , Kero Antti , Smith‐Johnsen C.
Published: May 2020

Pulsating auroras (PsAs) are low‐intensity diffuse aurora, which switch on and off with a quasiperiodic oscillation period from a few seconds to ∼10 s. They are predominantly observed after magnetic midnight, during the recovery phase of substorms and at the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval. PsAs are caused by precipitating energetic electrons, which span a wide range of energies between tens and hundreds of keV. Such energetic PsA electrons will deposit their energy at mesospheric altitudes and induce atmospheric chemical changes. To examine the effects of energetic PsA electrons on the atmosphere, we first collect electron flux and energy measurements from low‐latitude spacecraft to construct a typical energy spectrum of precipitating electrons during PsA. Among the 840 PsA events identified using ground‐based auroral all‐sky camera (ASC) network over the Fennoscandian region, 253 events were observed by DMSP, POES, and FAST spacecraft over the common field of view of five ASCs. The combined measurements from these spacecraft enable us to obtain an energy spectrum consisting of nonrelativistic and relativistic (30 eV to 1,000 keV) electrons during PsA. The median spectrum was found to be in good agreement with earlier estimates of the PsA spectra. We then use the Sodankylä Ion‐neutral Chemistry (SIC) model to assess the chemical effect of PsA electrons. The observed extreme and median spectra of PsA produce a significant depletion in the mesospheric odd oxygen concentration up to 78%.
How Routine Monitors Weather the Pandemic Storm
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: May 2020

Much of routine monitoring can be done remotely these days, but networks aren’t completely immune to COVID-19’s society-halting symptoms.
Author Correction: Ferromagnetic quasi-atomic electrons in two-dimensional electride
Authors: Lee Seung Yong , Hwang Jae-Yeol , Park Jongho , Nandadasa Chandani N. , Kim Younghak , Bang Joonho , Lee Kimoon , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Zhang Yunwei , Ma Yanming , Hosono Hideo , Lee Young Hee , Kim Seong-Gon , Kim Sung Wng
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Li Wentao , Drabek Dubravka , Okba Nisreen M. A. , van Haperen Rien , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Haagmans Bart L. , Grosveld Frank , Bosch Berend-Jan
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Coevolutionary search for optimal materials in the space of all possible compounds
Authors: Allahyari Zahed , Oganov Artem R.
Published: May 2020

Over the past decade, evolutionary algorithms, data mining, and other methods showed great success in solving the main problem of theoretical crystallography: finding the stable structure for a given chemical composition. Here, we develop a method that addresses the central problem of computational materials science: the prediction of material(s), among all possible combinations of all elements, that possess the best combination of target properties. This nonempirical method combines our new coevolutionary approach with the carefully restructured “Mendelevian” chemical space, energy filtering, and Pareto optimization to ensure that the predicted materials have optimal properties and a high chance to be synthesizable. The first calculations, presented here, illustrate the power of this approach. In particular, we find that diamond (and its polytypes, including lonsdaleite) are the hardest possible materials and that bcc-Fe has the highest zero-temperature magnetization among all possible compounds.
Comparative study of Er3+-doped Ga-Ge-Sb-S thin films fabricated by sputtering and pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Normani Simone , Louvet Geoffrey , Baudet Emeline , Bouška Marek , Gutwirth Jan , Starecki Florent , Doualan Jean-Louis , Ledemi Yannick , Messaddeq Younes , Adam Jean-Luc , Němec Petr , Nazabal Virginie
Published: May 2020

Despite the renewed interest in rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses lying mainly in mid-infrared applications, a few comprehensive studies so far have presented the photoluminescence of amorphous chalcogenide films from visible to mid-infrared. This work reports the fabrication of luminescent quaternary sulfide thin films using radio-frequency sputtering and pulsed laser deposition, and the characterization of their chemical composition, morphology, structure, refractive index and Er3+ photoluminescence. The study of Er3+ 4I13/2 level lifetimes enables developing suitable deposition parameters; the dependency of composition, structural and spectroscopic properties on deposition parameters provides a way to tailor the RE-doped thin film properties. The surface roughness is very low for both deposition methods, ensuring reasonable propagation optical losses. The effects of annealing on the sulfide films spectroscopy and lifetimes were assessed. PLD appears consistent composition-wise, and largely independent of the deposition conditions, but radiofrequency magnetron sputtering seems to be more versatile, as one may tailor the film properties through deposition parameters manipulation. The luminescence via rare earth-doped chalcogenide waveguiding micro-structures might find easy-to-use applications concerning telecommunications or on-chip optical sensors for which luminescent sources or amplifiers operating at different wavelengths are required.
Unveiling the Physics of the Mutual Interactions in Paramagnets
Authors: Squillante Lucas , F. Mello Isys , O. Gomes Gabriel , Seridonio A. C. , Lagos-Monaco R. E. , Stanley H. Eugene , de Souza Mariano
Published: May 2020

In real paramagnets, there is always a subtle many-body contribution to the system’s energy, which can be regarded as a small effective local magnetic field (Bloc). Usually, it is neglected, since it is very small when compared with thermal fluctuations and/or external magnetic fields (B). Nevertheless, as both the temperature (T) → 0 K andB→ 0 T, such many-body contributions become ubiquitous. Here, employing the magnetic Grüneisen parameter (Γmag) and entropy arguments, we report on the pivotal role played by the mutual interactions in the regime of ultra-low-Tand vanishingB. Our key results are:i) absence of a genuine zero-field quantum phase transition due to the presence ofBloc;ii) connection between the canonical definition of temperature and Γmag; andiii) possibility of performing adiabatic magnetization by only manipulating the mutual interactions. Our findings unveil unprecedented aspects emerging from the mutual interactions.
Variable selection for inferential models with relatively high-dimensional data: Between method heterogeneity and covariate stability as adjuncts to robust selection
Authors: Lima Eliana , Davies Peers , Kaler Jasmeet , Lovatt Fiona , Green Martin
Published: May 2020

Variable selection in inferential modelling is problematic when the number of variables is large relative to the number of data points, especially when multicollinearity is present. A variety of techniques have been described to identify ‘important’ subsets of variables from within a large parameter space but these may produce different results which creates difficulties with inference and reproducibility. Our aim was evaluate the extent to which variable selection would change depending on statistical approach and whether triangulation across methods could enhance data interpretation. A real dataset containing 408 subjects, 337 explanatory variables and a normally distributed outcome was used. We show that with model hyperparameters optimised to minimise cross validation error, ten methods of automated variable selection produced markedly different results; different variables were selected and model sparsity varied greatly. Comparison between multiple methods provided valuable additional insights. Two variables that were consistently selected and stable across all methods accounted for the majority of the explainable variability; these were the most plausible important candidate variables. Further variables of importance were identified from evaluating selection stability across all methods. In conclusion, triangulation of results across methods, including use of covariate stability, can greatly enhance data interpretation and confidence in variable selection.
In situ 3D-patterning of electrospun fibers using two-layer composite materials
Authors: Creighton R. L. , Phan J. , Woodrow K. A.
Published: May 2020

Polymeric electrospun nanofibers have extensive applications in filtration, sensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering that often require the fibers to be patterned or integrated with a larger device. Here, we describe a highly versatile in situ strategy for three-dimensional electrospun fiber patterning using collectors with an insulative surface layer and conductive recessed patterns. We show that two-layer collectors with pattern dimensions down to 100-micrometers are easily fabricated using available laboratory equipment. We use finite element method simulation and experimental validation to demonstrate that the fiber patterning strategy is effective for a variety of pattern dimensions and fiber materials. Finally, the potential for this strategy to enable new applications of electrospun fibers is demonstrated by incorporating electrospun fibers into dissolving microneedles for the first time. These studies provide a framework for the adaptation of this fiber patterning strategy to many different applications of electrospun fibers.
Artificial Intelligence in Multiphoton Tomography: Atopic Dermatitis Diagnosis
Authors: Guimarães Pedro , Batista Ana , Zieger Michael , Kaatz Martin , Koenig Karsten
Published: May 2020

The diagnostic possibilities of multiphoton tomography (MPT) in dermatology have already been demonstrated. Nevertheless, the analysis of MPT data is still time-consuming and operator dependent. We propose a fully automatic approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to fully realize the potential of MPT. In total, 3,663 MPT images combining both morphological and metabolic information were acquired from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and healthy volunteers. These were used to train and tune CNNs to detect the presence of living cells, and if so, to diagnose AD, independently of imaged layer or position. The proposed algorithm correctly diagnosed AD in 97.0 ± 0.2% of all images presenting living cells. The diagnosis was obtained with a sensitivity of 0.966 ± 0.003, specificity of 0.977 ± 0.003 and F-score of 0.964 ± 0.002. Relevance propagation by deep Taylor decomposition was used to enhance the algorithm’s interpretability. Obtained heatmaps show what aspects of the images are important for a given classification. We showed that MPT imaging can be combined with artificial intelligence to successfully diagnose AD. The proposed approach serves as a framework for the automatic diagnosis of skin disorders using MPT.
Clinical outcomes of 1 + PRN and 3 + Q3M regimens of intravitreal conbercept injection for exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Gao Lei , Liu Jian , Zhang Peng , Ma Jianhua , Wang Hong
Published: May 2020

This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of two regimens of intravitreal injections of conbercept [1+pro re nata (PRN) and 3 + Q3M] for the therapy of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In total, 105 eyes diagnosed with exudative AMD were enrolled. The eyes in the 1+PRN group (n = 51) received intravitreal injection of conbercept one time, followed by PRN retreatment. The eyes in the 3 + Q3M group (n = 54) received intravitreal injection of conbercept on three consecutive monthly, subsequently, once every three months for three times. After treatment, patients were followed up for 12 months. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leakage area were compared before and after treatment. Moreover, the number of injections and adverse reactions were recorded. Compared with the 1+PRN group, BCVA was significantly improved and CRT was remarkably decreased in the 3 + Q3M group at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The disappeared or reduced CNV leakage area (93%) of the 3 + Q3M group was higher than that of the 1 + PRN group at the last follow-up. Moreover, the mean numbers of conbercept injections of the 1 + PRN group were less than the 3 + Q3M group. During the follow-up, there were no serious adverse reactions or ocular complications. This study reveals that intravitreal injection of conbercept using 3 + Q3M regimen has certain advantages than 1 + PRN regimen in extending drug delivery interval, improving patient’s vision, and reducing CRT.
Author Correction: The Transcriptomic Signature Of Disease Development And Progression Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Cazanave Sophie , Podtelezhnikov Alexei , Jensen Kristian , Seneshaw Mulugeta , Kumar Divya P. , Min Hae-Ki , Santhekadur Prasanna K. , Banini Bubu , Mauro Adolfo Gabriele , Oseini Abdul M. , Vincent Robert , Tanis Keith Q. , Webber Andrea L. , Wang Liangsu , Bedossa Pierre , Mirshahi Faridoddin , Sanyal Arun J.
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Comparing the efficacy of hydroxyapatite nucleation regulated by amino acids, poly-amino acids and an amelogenin-derived peptide
Authors: Li Zhongcheng , Ren Qian , Cui Jingyao , Hu Die , Tian Tian , He Ting , Wang Kun , Jiang Wentao , Zhang Linglin
Published: May 2020

The efficacy of HAP nucleation regulated by amino acids, poly-amino acids and an amelogenin-derived peptide named QP5 was compared systematically. Poly-amino acids and QP5 regulated HAP nucleation and enamel remineralization more effectively.
The inhibitory effect of the catechin structure on advanced glycation end product formation in alcoholic media
Authors: Wu Qian , Tang Shimiao , Zhang Liang , Xiao Jinsong , Luo Qing , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhou Mengzhou , Feng Nianjie , Wang Chao
Published: May 2020

Catechin has a good inhibitory effect on advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation in alcoholic media, which is generated by Maillard reaction is closely related to diabetes.
Methods for onboard monitoring of silver biocide during future human space exploration missions
Authors: Ferreira Santos Mauro Sergio , Noell Aaron Craig , Mora Maria Fernanda
Published: May 2020

Electrophoretic methods for monitoring water quality in future human space exploration vehicle/habitats.
Analysis of three-dimensional biofilms on different material surfaces
Authors: Schiebel Juliane , Noack Jonas , Rödiger Stefan , Kammel Anne , Menzel Friederike , Schwibbert Karin , Weise Matthias , Weiss Romano , Böhm Alexander , Nitschke Jörg , Elimport Alexey , Roggenbuck Dirk , Schierack Peter
Published: May 2020

We developed a combination of an automated epifluorescence microscopy system with the analysis software Open-Biofilm-Altimeter for semi-quantitative analysis of three-dimensional biofilms.
The role of adsorbed oleylamine on gold catalysts during synthesis for highly selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Gao Mingyang , Zhu Yingming , Liu Yingying , Wu Kejing , Lu Houfang , Tang Siyang , Liu Changjun , Yue Hairong , Liang Bin , Yan Jinyue
Published: May 2020

Adsorbed oleylamine on Au NP surfaces during preparation can efficiently enhance electrocatalysis of CO2 to CO and inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Avoided spin coupling: an unexpected σ–σ diradical in global planar pentacoordinate carbon
Authors: Wang Meng-hui , Dong Xue , Ding Yi-hong , Cui Zhong-hua
Published: May 2020

We present a global planar pentacoordinate carbon (ppC) featuring a hitherto unreported σ–σ diradical characteristic.
Ciprofloxacin salts with benzoic acid derivatives: structural aspects, solid-state properties and solubility performance
Authors: Surov Artem O. , Vasilev Nikita A. , Voronin Alexander P. , Churakov Andrei V. , Emmerling Franziska , Perlovich German L.
Published: May 2020

In this work, three new pharmaceutical hydrated salts of ciprofloxacin with selected derivatives of benzoic acid were obtained and systematically investigated by several solid-state analytical techniques.
CuO/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3: precursor of efficient NO reduction catalyst studied by operando high energy X-ray diffraction under three-way catalytic conditions
Authors: Alxneit Ivo , Garbujo Alberto , Carollo Giovanni , Ferri Davide , Glisenti Antonella
Published: May 2020

High energy XRD was used to demonstrate that Cu(0)/brownmillerite is the active phase of a CuO/LSCO material under reaction conditions of TWC.
Sonophotocatalysis-mediated morphological transition modulates virulence and antibiotic resistance inSalmonellaTyphimurium
Authors: Rahman A. P. Habeeb , Misra Ananyo Jyoti , Panda Swagatika , Das Bhaskar , Bhol Prachi , Mohanty Priti Sundar , Tamhankar Ashok J. , Mishra Amrita , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Tripathy Suraj K.
Published: May 2020

Oxidative stress induced by sublethal sonophotocatalysis causes spheroplast like cell formation and reduction in antibiotic resistance inSalmonellaTyphimurium.
Formation and sorption of trihalomethanes from cross-linked polyethylene pipes following chlorinated water exposure
Authors: Cao Gaopin , Huang Kun , Whelton Andrew J. , Shah Amisha D.
Published: May 2020

Formation and sorption of trihalomethanes (THMs) occurs in chlorinated waters exposed to cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes, impacting water quality in building plumbing.
Antibacterial potential of a novelLactobacillus caseistrain isolated from Chinese northeast sauerkraut and the antibiofilm activity of its exopolysaccharides
Authors: Xu Xiaoqing , Peng Qing , Zhang Yuwei , Tian Dandan , Zhang Pengbo , Huang Ying , Ma Lan , Dia Vermont P. , Qiao Yu , Shi Bo
Published: May 2020

Exopolysaccharide-producingLactobacillusspp. isolated from sauerkraut, as probiotics, have shown efficacy in the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract.
Remotely tunable microfluidic platform driven by nanomaterial-mediated on-demand photothermal pumping
Authors: Fu Guanglei , Zhou Wan , Li XiuJun
Published: May 2020

A novel on-demand photothermal microfluidic pumping platform is developed using the nanomaterial-mediated photothermal effect as the tunable microfluidic driving force.
Theoretical evaluation of hexazinane as a basic component of nitrogen-rich energetic onium salts
Authors: Bondarchuk Sergey V.
Published: May 2020

In the present paper, we report a comprehensive theoretical evaluation of a hypothetical compound, hexazinane (cyclo-H6N6), and its 10 onium salts as high-energy density materials.