bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Játékosítási megoldásokra való nyitottság zenei fesztiválokon = Analyzing acceptance of gamification in the case of music festivals
Authors: Iványi Tamás
Published: October 2020

Az úgynevezett játékosítási (gamification) megoldások a turizmus területén is egyre nagyobb mértékben terjednek. Számos város és esemény próbálkozik játékosítási megoldások bevezetésével. A tanulmány a játékosítás turisztikai, azon belül is a könnyűzenei fesztiválokhoz köthető megvalósításaival foglalkozik. Az irodalmi áttekintés és a feltáró kvantitatív kutatás eredményei rámutatnak, hogy intenzív élményekkel teli környezetben is létezik olyan csoportja a fogyasztóknak, akik nyitottak a játékosítási megoldásokra, és jelentős élménynövelő tényezőnek tartják ezeket. Közöttük sokan vannak, akik élményeiket minőségi online tartalmakban osztják meg. Számos olyan kitöltő is található a kérdőív mintájában, akik számára a történetmesélés, a komolyabb kihívások jelentik azt a pluszt, ami miatt a játékosított megoldásokat választják, különösen azok, akik kevésbé elkötelezett fesztiválozók. Sokan vannak közöttük azonban olyanok is, akik az élményeikről maguknak készítenek emlékeket, és ritkábban osztják meg a k özösségi médiában.
Jorcájtok és Sábátok, avagy a zsidó vallási turizmus térhódítása és társadalmi hatása Tokaj-Hegyalján = Jorcajts and Shabbats – the spread and social impact of Jewish religious tourism in Tokaj-Hegyalja
Authors: Drotár Nikolett
Published: October 2020

A XVIII. századtól a XX. század közepéig Tokaj-Hegyalján élő zsidóság emlékei napjainkig megmaradtak. A temetők, a csodarabbi sírok, valamint a zsinagógák meghatározóak. Az 1970-es évektől kezdődően a térségbe érkező amerikai és izraeli vallási turisták újra élesztették a csodarabbi mítoszt. A statisztikák évente emelkedő számot mutattak, ami napjainkra átlagosan húszezer zsidó vallási turistaérkezést jelent évente a csodarabbik halálévfordulója alkalmából. A zsidó vallási turizmus működtetését amerikai és izraeli zsidó szervezők végzik, budapesti koordinációval. A szálláshelyek hiánya miatt a szervezők részéről elindult egy ingatlanvásárlási hullám, amely társadalmi feszültséget generált az indokolatlanul magas ingatlanárak következtében. A megvásárolt házakban szálláshelyet biztosítanak a turistáknak, valamint a helyi lakosok és vállalkozók részére munkalehetőséget biztosítanak. További lehetőség a turisztikai infrastruktúra javítása, illetve az étkezés helyben termesztett és készített kóser termékekkel való megoldása. A szervezők hatékony marketingmunkájának köszönhetően Tokaj-Hegyalja bekapcsolódott a nemzetközi zsidó vallási turizmusba.
Critical roles of TLRs on the polarization of Mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapy of viral infections: A notice for COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz Shiva , Alipour Shahriar , Ranjbarvan Parviz , Babaei Ghader , Golchin Ali
Published: October 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as one of the leading cell-based therapy, have provided a strong link between clinical investigation and basic research. MSCs have been successfully employed in treating graft versus host disease (GvHD), autoimmune disease, spinal cord injury, and several other diseases, particularly with high immunity activity. Recently, MSCs have attracted attention to treating untreatable viral infections such as severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given that the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are directly able to detect internal and external hazard signals, and their stimulation has an intense effect on the ability to grow, differentiate, migrate, and survive MSCs, it seems stimulation of these receptors can have a direct impact on the interaction of MSCs and immune cells, altering the ability to modify immune system responses. Hence, this brief review focused on the critical roles of TLRs on the polarization of MSCs for developing MSC-based therapy in viral infections. Consequently, according to the literature review, a polarization process mediated by TLRs, concerning both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory phenotype, may be considered for MSC-therapy against viral infections.
Introducing the principles of Enhanced Recovery to a fractured neck of femur pathway 5 years results and experience
Authors: Wainwright Thomas , Immins Tikki , Middleton Robert
Published: October 2020

Introduction

There is great potential for the principles of Enhanced Recovery to be successfully applied to fractured neck of femur (FNOF) pathways and help to improve clinical outcomes.

Aim

To present the 5-year results and experience from Poole Hospital of applying the principles of Enhanced Recovery to FNOF patients.

Method

A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design (QUAN emphasised) that consists of quantitative followed by qualitative data collected to evaluate the project. Quantitative outcome data were extracted from Hospital Episode Statistics for 2008/09 to 2013/14 and analysed using a relative risk methodology. Relative Risk is the ratio of the observed number of outcomes to the expected number of outcomes and is case-mix adjusted. The NHS England average is calculated and 95% confidence intervals are applied to determine statistical difference from unit performance to the equivalent case-mix. Qualitative data were collected via staff interviews.

Results

A mean length of stay (LOS) of 12.3 days, a mortality rate of 5.7%, a 28-day re-admission rate of 10.2%, and a discharge home rate of 55% achieved in the last year of the project are lower than expected for hospital case-mix

Staff interviews highlighted that key factors for success were:

1.Collaborative practice across all teams

2.Input from the Department of Medicine for the Elderly

3.Changing the pre-operative mindset whereby instead of having to prove patients are fit for surgery, they are assessed as fit for surgery unless proven otherwise.

Conclusions

Enhanced Recovery can be successfully applied to FNOF patients in order to improve patient outcomes. However, implementation may be more challenging and take longer than for elective orthopaedic procedures.
THE IMPORTANCE OF LABORAL REST IN MAINTENANCE OF WORKER'S MENTAL HEALTH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Costa Aline Mesquita da , Maranhão Thércia Lucena Grangeiro
Published: October 2020

Abstract: This article aims to make a systematic review on the Importance of Work Rest in the Maintenance of Metal Worker's Health, it was observed that the intensification of the working day can be harmful to mental health and consequently its quality of life. The guiding question is: what is the importance of homes for maintaining workers' mental health? The research was carried out through the methodology of systematic review and aims to: Study the relationship between the intervals to improve the quality of life of the worker; Analyze factors that contribute to the maintenance of the worker's mental health; Understand the damage that exhaustive periods of work can bring to workers' lives. Key words: Workday, rest, workload, quality of life, worker health, labor legislation.
Effect of UV-C radiation on basic indices of growth process of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds in pre-sowing treatment
Authors: SEMENOV Anatoly , KOROTKOVA Irina , SAKHNO Tamara , MARENYCH Mykola , НANHUR Volodymyr , LIASHENKO Viktor , KAMINSKY Viktor
Published: October 2020

An investigation of the effects of UV-C radiation from source having the power of 20 W on improvement of seed quality of Ukrainian winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) six cultivars: ‘Gratsіia Myronivska’, ‘Trudivnytsia Myronivska’, ‘Vezha Myronivska’, ‘Mudrist Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’ and ‘Lira Odeska’, has been done. In the performed experiment the UV-C irradiation in the range of 50-1000 J m-2 was applied. Based on the experimental results it is concluded that irradiation of UV-C on wheat seeds stimulated the seed vigour and germination. It has been established the optimal irradiation dose of UV-C radiation - 250 J m-2 for ‘Trudіvnitsia Myronіvska’, ‘Mudrіst Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’, ‘Lіra Odeska’ cultivars and 500 J m-2 for ‘Hratsіia Myronіvska’ and ‘Vezha Myronіvska’ cultivars, which leads to maximum effect. The highest biometric indices of seedling structural elements were obtained from the seeds of all wheat cultivars, for which the values of seed vigour and germination were also maximum ones, i.e. at the same irradiation dose.
The role of far-red light (FR) in photomorphogenesis and its use in greenhouse plant production
Authors: KUMP Bojka
Published: October 2020

Light energy is one of the most important factors regulating the growth and development of plants. In greenhouses and other controlled- environments in which the natural radiation intensities are often low, plant production relies on supplementary lighting to optimize the photosynthesis, increase production levels, and enable year-round production. For a long time, the research related to artificial lighting sources focused on the optimization of the efficiency of use for photosynthesis. The quality of light in plant production has been widely addressed only recently with the development of advanced LED technology that is energy efficient and enables the control of the spectral composition of light. Red and far-red light are sensed by the phytochromes that trigger several morphological and developmental processes that impact productivity and yield quality. Thus, to efficiently exploit all the advantages of LEDs and to develop LED arrays for specific plant applications, it is essential to understand thoroughly how light quality influences plant growth and development. This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in light quality manipulation, focusing on far-red light and the R: FR ratio, to improve yield and quality of products and to manage plant architecture and flowering in vegetable and ornamental horticulture.
Impact of dust accumulation on yield and yield components of soybean
Authors: HABIBPOUR Sharife , AMINI DAHAGHI Majid , GHOBADI Mohammad-Eghbal , KORDENAEEJ Alaeddin
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to characterize if dust sprayed on soybean foliage impacts its yield and yield component characteristics. In 2017 and 2018, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was planted using a factorial randomized complete block design with three replicates. Plants were sprayed with a 20 g m-2 of dust at four stages of the growth cycle, including third-node, the beginning of flowering, the beginning of podding, and the beginning of seed formation. Dust spraying was then continued twice weekly until the late full seed stage. Plant measurements included yield, yield components, stomatal conductance, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes activities. Results showed that depending on the time of application, the dust coverage created a range of yield loss in soybeans, most likely due to a reduction in stomatal conductance, grains plant-1 and 100-seed mass. Therefore, soybean fields that are regularly exposed to dust might be subjected to reduced yield.
Genetically encoded thiol redox-sensors in the zebrafish model: lessons for embryonic development and regeneration
Authors: Breus Oksana , Dickmeis Thomas
Published: October 2020

Important roles for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling in embryonic development and regenerative processes are increasingly recognized. However, it is difficult to obtain information on spatiotemporal dynamics of ROS production and signaling in vivo. The zebrafish is an excellent model for in vivo bioimaging and possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity upon tissue injury. Here, we review data obtained in this model system with genetically encoded redox-sensors targeting H2O2 and glutathione redox potential. We describe how such observations have prompted insight into regulation and downstream effects of redox alterations during tissue differentiation, morphogenesis and regeneration. We also discuss the properties of the different sensors and their consequences for the interpretation of in vivo imaging results. Finally, we highlight open questions and additional research fields that may benefit from further application of such sensor systems in zebrafish models of development, regeneration and disease.
Cross-cultural interpretation of filmic metaphors: A think-aloud experiment
Authors: Bort-Mir Lorena , Bolognesi Marianna , Ghaffaryan Susan
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate how viewers who speak different languages interpret cinematographic metaphors in a filmic advertisement. The study is organized in three parts: First, we offer a theoretical model that predicts the offline mental mechanisms that occur while people interpret filmic metaphors, based on an existing model of visual metaphor processing. Second, we evaluate the model in a think-aloud retrospective task. A TV-commercial is projected individually to 30 Spanish, 30 American, and 30 Persian participants, who are then asked to verbalize their thoughts. The commercial was previously segmented, analyzed using FILMIP (Filmic Metaphor Identification Procedure), and marked for metaphoricity by two independent analysts. The collected data is then evaluated in two formal content analyses. In the first one, two independent coders classified all the clauses used by the 90 participants in relation to the steps outlined in the theoretical model. In the second analysis, those clauses in which the participants were constructing their metaphorical interpretation of the filmic advertisement were annotated for the type of metaphor they constructed. The general results show that: (1) some mental processes seem to be more prominent in some cultures and not in others, and (2) genre-related knowledge plays a crucial role in constructing filmic metaphors in certain cultures and not in others. With this study, we theoretically formalize and empirically test the types of operations reflected in the language that viewers use to describe how they interpret filmic metaphors, thus advancing the current theory and methods on filmic metaphor interpretation from cognitive, semiotic, and cross-cultural perspectives.
Investigation of Microorganisms Deteriorating Ancient Ola Leaf Manuscripts
Authors: Kim Young-Hee , Choi Kyoung-Hwa , Hong Jin-Young , Lee Jeung-Min , Kim Soo-Ji , Jo Chang-Wook , Jeong So Young
Published: October 2020

Ola leaf manuscripts from Sri Lanka date back to several centuries. While they have been well preserved over the last century, their condition has worsened in recent years when black dots caused by microorganisms started occurring on their surface. In this study, the current state of preservation and the factors causing deterioration are examined using microscopy techniques. Microscopic images clearly show that the manuscripts are contaminated by microorganisms which penetrated deeply into the carrier material, destroying the internal structure. A Penicillium griseofulvum strain was recognized as the most active microorganism in xylan degradation. Sri Lanka’s climate provides favorable conditions for the growth of these fungi. Therefore, it is suggested that temperature and humidity of the archival space should be better controlled in order to ensure the Ola leaf manuscripts’ long-term preservation.
Porphyry, Steuco and the Journey of Oracles between

Symphony and Conflict
Authors: Tissi Lucia
Published: October 2020

In this paper I explore the reasons why oracular texts of the past are considered to be useful to demonstrate a cultural symphony and how the perception of them changed in space and time. Moreover, I investigate how oracles worked as means of unity, agreement and cohesion in a society risking fragmentation and division. Specifically, I analyse Porphyry’s oracular collection De philosophia ex oraculis haurienda (transmitted indirectly) and Agostino Steuco’s major work, De perennia philosophia, published in 1540. Despite living in different historical eras, Porphyry and Steuco—I argue—seem to look for a kind of cultural symphony and to return to oracular wisdom as a response to a perceived and real threat (Christian religion for the first, Protestant Reform for the second). Their responses to the threat show various points of contact: against the risk of oblivion, they re-use and recover pre-fabricated sources of knowledge drawn from the past or the present, in order to address the challenges of their time with the aid of an established, “perennial” theological tradition. While the response provided by Porphyry against threats can be regarded as an elitist and exclusionary project, Steuco proposes, in his symphonic and propagandistic system, a real reductio ad unum (una religio, una scientia, unus Deus).
Mocking Parades and the Place of Pagan Statuary in Late Antique Alexandria
Authors: Stutz Jonathan
Published: October 2020

With the present paper I would like to discuss a particular form of procession which we may term mocking parades, a collective ritual aimed at ridiculing cultic objects from competing religious communities. The cases presented here are contextualized within incidents of pagan/Christian violence in Alexandria between the 4th and 5th centuries, entailing in one case the destruction of the Serapeum and in another the pillaging of the Isis shrine at Menouthis on the outskirts of Alexandria. As the literary accounts on these events suggest, such collective forms of mockery played an important role in the context of mob violence in general and of violence against sacred objects in particular. However, while historiographical and hagiographical sources from the period suggest that pagan statues underwent systematic destruction and mutilation, we can infer from the archaeological evidence a vast range of uses and re-adaptation of pagan statuary in the urban space, assuming among other functions that of decorating public spaces. I would like to build on the thesis that the parading of sacred images played a prominent role in the discourse on the value of pagan statuary in the public space. On the one hand, the statues carried through the streets became themselves objects of mockery and violence, involving the population of the city in a collective ritual of exorcism. On the other hand, the images paraded in the mocking parades could also become a means through which the urban space could become subject to new interpretations. Entering in visual contact with the still visible vestiges of the pagan past, with the temples and the statuary of the city, the “image of the city” became affected itself by the images paraded through the streets, as though to remind the inhabitants that the still-visible elements of Alexandria’s pagan topography now stood as defeated witnesses to Christianity’s victory.
Rom, der Tomus Leonis und das 6. Ökumenische Konzil (680/681)
Authors: Ohme Heinz
Published: October 2020

This article analyses the dyothelete and dyenergist Christology in the following texts: the Horos and the Logos Prosphonetikos of the Sixth Ecumenical Council (680/681), the epistle of pope Agatho, which became officially authorized as a teaching text, and the letter of the roman synod of the 125 bishops. The results of this analysis are compared with the Christology of the Lateran Council of 649 and the theology of Maximus the Confessor, upon which it is based. The council claims to define things in a way that complements and concludes the results of the council of Chalcedon (451) by designating the will and the capacity to act as properties of the ontological categories of φύσις/οὐσία and thus formulating the doctrine of the double willing and acting of Christ. In fact, the council draws on text of the Acts of the Council of Chalcedon but changes the order of priority of the texts (which were made authoritative in Chalcedon) of Cyril of Alexandria and Pope Leo I. so that the Tomus Leonis, which contains pointed statements that were controversial both during and after Chalcedon, becomes the hermeneutical key to the doctrine of two natures. Both natures become subjects of willing and acting and the meaning of the ὑπόστασις remains underdeveloped in comparison with that of φύσις and πρόσωπον. Thus the council neither comes to terms with the development of Leo’s thought nor with the Christology of the Lateran Councils nor with the Christology of Maximus. In fact, fundamental distinctions in the meaning of θέλημα and ἐνέργεια as well as of φύσις and ὑπόστασις have not been taken into consideration by the council in 681. Instead, the council remains with the initial ontological concepts due to its recourse to an ontologized Tomus Leonis. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that this is the first ecumenical council to establish the primacy of and infallibility of the Roman Pope. The final concern of this article is to ask how this development could come about.
Vitamins C and E Associated With Cryotherapy in the Recovery of the Inflammatory Response After Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: de Brito Edineia , Teixeira André de Oliveira , Righi Natiele Camponogara , Paulitcth Felipe da Silva , da Silva Antonio Marcos Vargas , Signori Luis Ulisses
Published: October 2020

de Brito, E, Teixeira, AdO, Righi, NC, Paulitcth, FdS, da Silva, AMV, and Signori, LU. Vitamins C and E associated with cryotherapy in the recovery of the inflammatory response after resistance exercise: A randomized clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 135–141, 2022—The objective of this research was to compare the effects of cryotherapy associated with vitamins (C and E) on the recovery of the inflammatory response from the resistance exercise (RE) session of untrained volunteers. Fourteen subjects (26.2 ± 5 years old, 25.8 ± 3 kg·m−2) underwent 4 sessions of RE with different forms of recovery. The RE consisted of 4 sets of 10 maximal repetitions for each exercise (extensor bench, squat, and leg press). The recoveries were randomized and comprised the passive (control), with vitamins C (1 g) and E (800 UI) supplementation 40 minutes before exercise, with cryotherapy (immersion in water 15° C for 10 minutes), and the association (vitamins and cryotherapy). Hemogram, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and creatine kinase [CK]), and parameters of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation [LPO] and antioxidant capacity against radical peroxyl) were evaluated before (baseline) and after (0, 30, and 120 minutes) the RE sessions. Muscle pain (primary outcome) was evaluated 24 hours after exercise. C-reactive protein (p = 0.010) and LPO (p < 0.001) increased (120 minutes) only in passive recovery. Recovery with cryotherapy (30 minutes), with vitamins and the association (0 and 30 minutes) delayed increases in CK (p < 0.001). Antioxidant capacity against radical peroxyl increased (30 minutes) only in recovery with the association (p < 0.011). The pain decreased in the recoveries with cryotherapy and association (p < 0.001). The association of vitamins (C and E) with cryotherapy attenuated the inflammatory response and pain, favoring recovery after an acute RE session.
Stress–Strain Relationship Model and Gray Entropy Analysis of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Li Qiong , Qiao Hongxia , Guo Jian , Li Yuanke
Published: October 2020

In this research, the effects of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) gradation (5–10 mm, 5–16 mm, 5–20 mm, and 5–31.5 mm), RCA content (30 %, 50 %, and 70 %), fly ash content (10 %, 20 %, and 30%) and water–binder ratio (0.35, 0.4, and 0.45) on the stress–strain constitutive relationship of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were analyzed. For this purpose, 45 prism specimens were designed, and then it was obtained by gray relational entropy analysis that the water–binder ratio and RCA content have a considerable influence on RAC’s mechanical and energy absorption properties. A mathematical expression for the stress–strain constitutive relationship of the RAC concerning the four aforementioned factors was developed through experimental investigation and regression analysis. The proposed model is compared with the experimental date, and the result has a good fit.
Kritische Analyse des Einflusses eines Migrationshintergrundes auf das Anlageverhalten in ausgewählten Kategorien
Authors: Krahnhof Philippe , Frère Eric , Zureck Alexander
Published: October 2020

Der vorliegende wissenschaftliche Beitrag analysiert das Anlageverhalten von Personen mit1 und ohne Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland. Es werden Gemeinsamkeiten sowie Unterschiede in den Kategorien Beratung in finanziellen Angelegenheiten, Finanzprodukte, Anlageziele sowie Wertentwicklung untersucht. Die Auswertung basiert auf einem Datensatz vom isf Institute for Strategic Finance an der FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie und Management in Essen aus dem Jahre 2019. Der standardisierte Fragebogen umfasste rund 36 Fragen. Bei der Onlinebefragung haben Personen im Alter von 18 bis 56 Jahren teilgenommen. Zur Auswertung wurden vor allem deskriptive statistische Verfahren herangezogen. Die Studie kann einerseits die Forschungsergebnisse aus dem vergangenen Jahr untermauern, andererseits konnten in der Rubrik Finanzprodukte neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden. Während bei der Rubrik Beratung in finanziellen Angelegenheiten starke Übereinstimmungen zu verzeichnen sind, unterscheiden sich vor allem die Anlageziele sowie die selektierten Assets zwischen Personen in Deutschland mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund im Betrachtungszeitraum 2019.
Eigentum und Miete: Finanzielle Belastung durch Wohnkosten in Österreich
Authors: Altzinger Wilfried , List Emanuel
Published: October 2020

This article presents an empirical analysis of the housing costs of Austrian households and the resulting financial burden for homeowners and renters. On average homeowners have significantly higher incomes than households
that rent their main residence. In addition, the housing costs for homeowners are also lower in absolute terms, even if a current loan is still being paid off. Thus, the relative housing cost burden as a share of disposable income is much lower for homeowners than for renters. Consequently, the inclusion of housing costs leads to an increased inequality of disposable income (after deducting housing costs). The data also show that subsidized tenants have a comparatively lower housing cost burden than non-subsidized tenants. This finding is also confirmed by econometric exercises, which further show that housing costs represent an above-average burden for young households, singles and especially single parents. Housing policy measures designed to reduce the burden of the households most affected by high housing costs should therefore primarily focus on supporting renters.
Strategic and Non-Strategic Semantic Expectations Hierarchically Modulate Neural Processing
Authors: Vidal-Gran Consuelo , Sokoliuk Rodika , Bowman Howard , Cruse Damian
Published: October 2020

Perception is facilitated by a hierarchy of expectations generated from context and prior knowledge. In auditory processing, violations of local (within-trial) expectations elicit a mismatch negativity (MMN), while violations of global (across-trial) expectations elicit a later positive component (P300). This result is taken as evidence of prediction errors ascending through the expectation hierarchy. However, in language comprehension, there is no evidence that violations of semantic expectations across local-global levels similarly elicit a sequence of hierarchical error signals, thus drawing into question the putative link between event-related potentials (ERPs) and prediction errors. We investigated the neural basis of such hierarchical expectations of semantics in a word-pair priming paradigm. By manipulating the overall proportion of related or unrelated word-pairs across the task, we created two global contexts that differentially encouraged strategic use of primes. Across two experiments, we replicated behavioral evidence of greater priming in the high validity context, reflecting strategic expectations of upcoming targets based on “global” context. In our preregistered EEG analyses, we observed a “local” prediction error ERP effect (i.e., semantic priming) ∼250 ms post-target, which, in exploratory analyses, was followed 100 ms later by a signal that interacted with the global context. However, the later effect behaved in an apredictive manner, i.e., was most extreme for fulfilled expectations, rather than violations. Our results are consistent with interpretations of early ERPs as reflections of prediction error and later ERPs as processes related to conscious access and in support of task demands.
Direct Actions in the Czech Environmental Movement
Authors: Novák Arnošt
Published: October 2020

Direct actions constitute an important repertoire of action for environmental movements in Western countries. This article differentiates two ideal types of this repertoire of action: the anarchist concept, which understands direct action in terms of values and as a preferred way of doing things; and the liberal concept, which uses direct action in an instrumental way. Based on my empirical research in post-socialist Czech Republic, the article focuses on debates over environmentalism and, to be more precise, on uses of direct actions by environmental organizations. It explains why the liberal concept was very limited and why direct action as a preferred way of doing things has not become a part of the repertoire of collective action. The article argues that the movement was politically moderate due to a combination of reasons: the very specific historical experience of the Czech environmental movement, which inclines it to use dialogue rather than confrontations with power; the fear of political hostility and marginalization by the state; and the internal dynamics of the environmental milieu.
Felt Sex
Authors:   Benny LeMaster, Anthony Rosendo Zariñana, Eddie Gamboa, Justin J. Rudnick, Jade Tumazi, Billy Huff, Benny LeMaster, Amber L. Johnson
Published: October 2020

Contributors to this Critical Intervention forum turn to lived and envisioned sexual experience and desire to theorize sexual potentiality. Collectively, we perform what we term “critical erotic/a.” Informed by Audre Lorde, the erotic is a unit of measure engaging the space between what is, as a result of structural constraints, and what can be through the envisioned removal of the same. The erotic serves as a critical theoretical means of focusing the sexual experiences and desires we narrate and perform in what is commonly termed “erotica.” Conjoining the two, critical erotic/a provides a narrative platform for theorizing and performing lived and envisioned sexual experience and desire.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma: a new emerging treatment?
Authors: Sol Bastiaan , de Filette Jeroen M K , Awada Gil , Raeymaeckers Steven , Aspeslagh Sandrine , Andreescu C E , Neyns Bart , Velkeniers Brigitte
Published: October 2020

Background

Pituitary carcinomas are rare but aggressive and require maximally coordinated multimodal therapies. For refractory tumors, unresponsive to temozolomide (TMZ), therapeutic options are limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may be considered for treatment as illustrated in the present case report.

Case

We report a patient with ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma, progressive after multiple lines of therapy including chemotherapy with TMZ, who demonstrated disease stabilization by a combination of ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) ICI therapy.

Discussion

Management of pituitary carcinoma beyond TMZ remains ill-defined and relies on case reports. TMZ creates, due to hypermutation, more immunogenic tumors and subsequently potential candidates for ICI therapy. This case report adds support to the possible role of ICI in the treatment of pituitary carcinoma.

Conclusion

ICI therapy could be a promising treatment option for pituitary carcinoma, considering the mechanisms of TMZ-induced hypermutation with increased immunogenicity, pituitary expression of CTLA-4 and PD-L1, and the frequent occurrence of hypophysitis as a side effect of ICI therapy.
Epidemiology of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: population-based cohort study
Authors: Leung Alexander A , Pasieka Janice L , Hyrcza Martin D , Pacaud Danièle , Dong Yuan , Boyd Jessica M , Sadrzadeh Hossein , Kline Gregory A
Published: October 2020

Objective

Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, little is known about their epidemiology. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in an ethnically diverse population. A secondary objective was to develop and validate algorithms for case detection using laboratory and administrative data.

Design

Population-based cohort study in Alberta, Canada from 2012 to 2019.

Methods

Patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma were identified using linked administrative databases and clinical records. Annual incidence rates per 100 000 people were calculated and stratified according to age and sex. Algorithms to identify pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, based on laboratory and administrative data, were evaluated.

Results

A total of 239 patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (collectively with 251 tumors) were identified from a population of 5 196 368 people over a period of 7 years. The overall incidence of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma was 0.66 cases per 100 000 people per year. The frequency of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma increased with age and was highest in individuals aged 60–79 years (8.85 and 14.68 cases per 100 000 people per year for males and females, respectively). An algorithm based on laboratory data (metanephrine >two-fold or normetanephrine >three-fold higher than the upper limit of normal) closely approximated the true frequency of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma with an estimated incidence of 0.54 cases per 100 000 people per year.

Conslusion

The incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in an unselected population of western Canada was unexpectedly higher than rates reported from other areas of the world.
Perspective: Linkage Maps, Communities of Geneticists, and Genome Databases
Authors: Botstein David
Published: October 2020

The Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal recognizes lifetime contributions to the field of genetics. The 2020 recipient is David Botstein of Calico Labs and Princeton University, recognizing his multiple contributions to genetics, including the collaborative development of methods for defining genetic pathways, mapping genomes, and analyzing gene expression.
Plasma-catalyzed liquefaction of wood-based biomass
Authors: Sun Xiaohang , Sun Zijun , Xin Yanbin , Sun Bing , Lu Xiaomin
Published: October 2020

Biomass resources in nature produce a large amount of waste resources (agricultural residues, wood waste, etc.) during agricultural and forestry production processes. Therefore, the effective utilization of these solid biomass waste resources has attracted widespread interest. In this paper, a pulsed discharge plasma technology was used to perform catalytic liquefaction experiments on solid biomass sawdust at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the reaction parameters such as the solid:liquid ratio, liquefaction solvent ratio, and catalyst ratio were optimized. The results showed that the plasma technology achieved a higher liquefaction yield; the optimized reaction parameters were: a solid:liquid ratio of 1:23.4, a liquefaction solvent polyethylene glycol (PEG) / glycerol (GL) ratio of 25:15 (V:V), and an acid volume fraction of 0.188%. In addition, the characteristics of the products of the liquefaction reaction were analyzed and discussed. The liquid products were mainly composed of small molecules. The experiment established that the liquefaction of solid sawdust by high-voltage pulsed discharge plasma can be an effective technical method.
Observation Encounters and Length of Stay Benchmarking in Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Gay James C. , Hall Matt , Morse Rustin , Fieldston Evan S. , Synhorst David , Macy Michelle L.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Length of stay (LOS) is a common benchmarking measure for hospital resource use and quality. Observation status (OBS) is considered an outpatient service despite the use of the same facilities as inpatient status (IP) in most children’s hospitals, and LOS calculations often exclude OBS stays. Variability in the use of OBS by hospitals may significantly impact calculated LOS. We sought to determine the impact of including OBS in calculating LOS across children’s hospitals.

METHODS:

Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized children (age <19 years) in 2017 from the Pediatric Health Information System (Children’s Hospital Association, Lenexa, KS). Normal newborns, transfers, deaths, and hospitals not reporting LOS in hours were excluded. Risk-adjusted geometric mean length of stay (RA-LOS) for IP-only and IP plus OBS was calculated and each hospital was ranked by quintile.

RESULTS:

In 2017, 45 hospitals and 625 032 hospitalizations met inclusion criteria (IP = 410 731 [65.7%], OBS = 214 301 [34.3%]). Across hospitals, OBS represented 0.0% to 60.3% of total discharges. The RA-LOS (SD) in hours for IP and IP plus OBS was 75.2 (2.6) and 54.3 (2.7), respectively (P < .001). For hospitals reporting OBS, the addition of OBS to IP RA-LOS calculations resulted in a decrease in RA-LOS compared with IP encounters alone. Three-fourths of hospitals changed ≥1 quintile in LOS ranking with the inclusion of OBS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children’s hospitals exhibit significant variability in the assignment of OBS to hospitalized patients and inclusion of OBS significantly impacts RA-LOS calculations. Careful consideration should be given to the inclusion of OBS when determining RA-LOS for benchmarking, quality and resource use measurements.
Kein Fokus auf das Foto
Authors: Jerrentrup Maja Tabea
Published: October 2020

Beim Thema Fotografie steht oft das Resultat an erster Stelle. In diesem Essay hingegen geht es um die Aktivität, das Fotografieren. Warum besitzt diese Aktivität für so viele Menschen einen hohen Stellenwert, selbst, wenn viele Fotos wohl nie wieder betrachtet, bearbeitet oder verwertet werden? Auf Basis teilnehmender Beobachtung, einer Facebook-Umfrage und Interviews ergibt sich, dass das Fotografieren für viele Fotografen das Gefühl von Flow erzeugen, Achtsamkeit fördern und für Kontakt mit der Umwelt und Kommunikation mit anderen Menschen stehen kann. Auch der Jagd- und Sammeltrieb mag befriedigt werden. Zudem bedeutet Fotografieren auch eine Möglichkeit, etwas zu erleben – einerseits, da Erlebnisse durch die fotografische Begleitung mehr Sinn erhalten, andererseits auch, wenn das Fotografieren als Erlebnis selbst begriffen wird. Für die persönliche Entwicklung heißt Fotografieren oftmals neue Sichtweisen, eine neue, besonders befriedigende Art der Wahrnehmung zu erlernen. Außerdem steht es in Verbindung zur Überwindung persönlicher Aversionen und Ängste und bietet auf unkomplizierte Weise Raum für Kreativität. Auch im Dienste der Identität ist Fotografieren von Bedeutung, wenn sich Menschen fotografierend in Situationen begeben, die ihre Identität kommunizieren sollen oder sie durch das Fotografieren ihre Selbstwahrnehmung beeinflussen.
Consumo, calidad nutricional y digestibilidad aparente de morera (Morus alba) y pasto estrella (Cynodon nlemfuensis) en cabras
Authors: Rodríguez-Zamora Jessie , Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto
Published: October 2020

Se evaluó la calidad, selección y digestibilidad aparente en cabras, del consumo de morera y estrella africana ofrecidos de forma fresca y parcialmente deshidratada. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental “Alfredo Volio Mata” de la Universidad de Costa Rica. El forraje cosechado fue suministrado a 12 cabras de las razas Saanen, Toggenburg y La Mancha no lactantes y no gestantes, distribuidas en un diseño irrestricto al azar con un arreglo factorial 2x2 y con un peso vivo promedio de 37±5 kg. Los tratamientos experimentales fueron: a) estrella fresca, b) estrella parcialmente deshidratada, c) morera fresca y d) morera parcialmente deshidratada. El forraje se ofreció a los animales en forma picada. Se observó un consumo promedio de materia seca de: 0,93; 0,76; 1,17 y 1,12 kg.animal-1.día-1 de MS (±0,09), para los tratamientos estrella fresca, estrella parcialmente deshidratada, morera fresca y morera parcialmente deshidratada, respectivamente. Esto representó 2,62; 2,09; 3,17 y 3,13% (±0,24) del peso vivo. El consumo de proteína cruda fue menor con la estrella parcialmente deshidratada y mayor con la morera fresca (75,2 vs. 135,4 g.animal-1.d-1). El porcentaje de digestibilidad aparente no fue estadísticamente diferente entre tratamientos; presentó un promedio de 49,18% para la MS, 59,82% para la PC, 57,83% para la FDN y 55,30% para la FDA. Este estudio demuestra que la especie de forraje influye significativamente sobre el consumo voluntario de materia seca en cabras; sin embargo, el contenido de materia seca en los forrajes utilizados no afectó dicho consumo.
Identificación molecular del hongo Colletotrichum spp., aislado de banano (Musa spp) de altura en la zona de Turrialba y determinación de su sensibilidad a fungicidas poscosecha
Authors: Salazar Eduardo , Hernández Ramses , Tapia Ana , Gómez-Alpízar Luis
Published: October 2020

La antracnosis, causada por el hongo Colletotrichum spp., es una de las principales enfermedades poscosecha que afectan el fruto del banano. En el presente experimento, 25 aislamientos de Colletotrichum spp., obtenidos de frutos de banano provenientes de 5 zonas del cantón de Turrialba, Costa Rica, fueron utilizados para caracterizar molecularmente al hongo y evaluar su sensibilidad in vitro a 3 fungicidas poscosecha: tiabendazol, imazalil y miclobutanil. La identificación molecular de cada uno de los aislamientos se realizó mediante la técnica PCR con los imprimadores especie-específicos de la región ITS (CgInt/ITS5) y de una región del gen de la ß-tubulina (TBCG/ TB5). Para las pruebas de sensibilidad in vitro a los 3 fungicidas, se utilizaron las siguientes concentraciones: 0,1; 1,0; 10,0 y 100,0 μg.ml-1. El análisis de la región ITS y de la región del gen de la β-tubulina, indicó que los aislamientos analizados corresponden a la especie Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. En cuanto a las pruebas de sensibilidad in vitro, todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles al tiabendazol, mientras que existe una marcada insensibilidad al imazalil y al miclobutanil.
Nuevos hospederos y registros de ácaros fitófagos para Costa Rica: período 2008-2012
Authors: Aguilar Hugo , Murillo Pamela
Published: October 2020

Se actualizan las especies de ácaros fitófagos identificadas para Costa Rica entre 2008 y 2012. Se procesó el material vegetal provisto por productores, técnicos, estudiantes e interesados en general, así como el recolectado por personal del Laboratorio de Acarología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, y se identificó. Se mencionan 63 nuevas especies en 29 familias de plantas hospedantes, para 5 familias de ácaros fitófagos. Tetranychus urticae, familia Tetranychidae, fue la segunda especie en cuanto a número de hospederos, encontrándose en 12 nuevas plantas. También se hallaron otras especies de la familia, como Eutetranychus banksi, Mononychellus planki, Oligonychus peronis, O.pratensis, O. punicae, O. ununguis, O. yothersi, Paraponychus corderoi, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, T. ludeni, T. mexicanus y 3 especies de este género que no fueron identificadas. Se registran 4 especies de la familia Tenuipalpidae: Brevipalpus californi cus, B. gliricidiae, B. obovatus y B. phoenicis. Dentro de la familia Tarsonemidae, se informa de Phytonemus pallidus, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, con 15 nuevos registros, especie con mayor aporte en asociación con plantas para este nuevo período; se informa también de Steneotarsonemus ananas, asociada con piña. De la familia Eriophyidae, se indica de Abacarus doctus, descrita recientemente como nueva especie para la ciencia y asociada con caña de azúcar en el país y de Calepitrimerus muesebecki, relacionada con aguacate; además 2 especies de eriófidos expuestos, no descritas aún. Retracrus johnstoni, familia Phytoptidae, recolectado de Heliconia latispatha, de la familia Heliconiaceae y primer registro de un ácaro de este género asociado con una planta ajena a la familia Arecaceae. Por último, se expone la descripción del reconocimiento de campo para algunas especies escogidas dentro de las 5 familias estudiadas.
Efecto del consumo de dieta líquida y alimento balanceado sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo ruminal en terneras de lechería
Authors: Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto , Sánchez-Álvarez Melissa
Published: October 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del consumo de dieta líquida y alimento balanceado sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo ruminal en terneras de lechería. El experimento se llevó a cabo en una finca comercial ubicada a 2500 msnm en la provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica. Diez animales de la raza Holstein se seleccionaron al nacimiento y se incluyeron aleatoriamente en 1 de 2 tratamientos.El tratamiento convencional consistió en ofrecer a los animales una dieta líquida de forma restringida (4 l.animal-1.d-1). El tratamiento intensivo consistió en suministrar a los animales la dieta líquida en mayores cantidades, hasta alcanzar un consumo de 8 l.animal-1.d-1. Se realizaron mediciones semanales de peso, altura a la cruz y a la cadera. Los animales se sacrificaron a las 8 semanas, con el fin de hacer evaluaciones y poder comparar el crecimiento y desarrollo ruminal. Los animales en el tratamiento intensivo presentaron menores consumos de alimento balanceado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto al peso corporal, altura a la cruz o altura a la cadera entre tratamientos. Al brindar una mayor cantidad de leche con el tratamiento intensivo, se observó un menor desarrollo del rumen y del crecimiento de sus papilas, lo que puede afectar negativamente el desempeño posdesdete de los animales.
Evaluación del residuo de cáscara de nuez (Juglans regia L.) en la producción de plántulas de Pinus patula, en vivero
Authors: Romero-Arenas Omar , López Escobedo Romelia , Damián Huato Miguel Angel , Hernández Treviño Israel , Parraguirre Lezama José F.C. , Huerta Lara Manuel
Published: October 2020

Para producir plantas de calidad en vivero, se utilizan sustratos comerciales como el Peat Moss, agrolita y vermiculita, cuyo costo es eleva- do y reduce significativamente los márgenes de utilidad; por lo anterior, se necesita buscar sustratos alternativos. La cáscara de nuez (Juglans regia L.) es un residuo sin aprovechamiento en producción; sin embargo, cuenta con importantes elementos nutritivos para ser aprovechados por los organismos vegetales. Se evaluó el crecimiento inicial de Pinus patula producido en vivero, con composta de cáscara de nuez con agrolita y vermiculita, mediante sustitución paulatina del Peat Moss. Con un diseño experimental completamente al azar, se estudiaron 4 tratamientos a base de cáscara de nuez + agrolita y vermiculita, en proporciones que variaron desde 0% hasta 80% de cáscara de nuez, y la mezcla de sustratos comerciales. A los 7 meses y medio, las plántulas que se desarrollaron en el tratamiento 1, mezcla testigo (Peat Moss 33% + vermiculita 33% + agrolita 33%) y el tratamiento 4 (Cáscara de nuez 33% + vermiculita 33% + agrolita 33%) presentaron valores más altos en las variables: altura, diámetro, peso seco aéreo, peso seco radicular y peso seco total. La relación aérea/raíz y el índice de esbeltez no presentaron diferencias entre los 4 tratamientos. El valor más alto del índice de calidad de Dickson fue para el testigo (0,25 g.cm-1), seguido por el tratamiento 4 (0,24 g.cm-1), sin diferencias estadísticas. La cáscara de nuez permite producir plántulas sanas, por lo que es útil como sustrato alternativo para la producción de plantas en vivero, lo que reduce los costos de producción además de contribuir con el sector productivo forestal.