bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing electromechanical performance of multilayered multiwalled carbon nanotube/silicone rubber composites via filler content distribution modulation
Authors: Sun Yue , Chen Tao , Zhang Yan‐ting , Wu Chong‐gang , Gong Xing‐hou , Hu Tao
Published: August 2023

Dielectric elastomers are widely used as electroactive polymer materials due to their high energy density, high strain, and low loss. However, the practical applications are limited sometimes by their low electromechanical strain ability due to relatively low dielectric permittivity for polymers. Herein, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filled silicone rubber (SR) composites with a five‐layered structure are prepared with the outer two layers of neat SR while the middle three layers are MWCNT filled SR, in which the former functions as insulating layers while the latter acts as the dielectric permittivity enhancement layers. Further, by differing the MWCNT content within the middle three layers, we find that as the concentration distribution increases from 1:1:1 to 1:2:1 and 1:3:1, both Young's modulus and dielectric permittivity gradually improve while dielectric loss remains extremely low even though the total MWCNT content reaches 1.6 wt%. With the combined effects of dielectric permittivity and modulus, the composite with evenly distributed MWCNT content (1:1:1) shows the highest actuation strain under a given electric field strength. Meanwhile, the electric breakdown strength of the composite 1:1:1 is also the highest, leading ultimately to a maximum actuation strain of 10.87% at the breakdown strength of 14.6 kV/mm.
Improvement of electrical insulation performance of silicone rubber cables due to exposure to heat and radiation
Authors: Ohki Yoshimichi , Hirai Naoshi , Tanaka Yasuhiro
Published: August 2023

Thermal treatments, with and without co‐irradiation with gamma rays, were given to safety‐related cables insulated with silicone rubber for nuclear power plants (NPPs). To examine the effects of the above treatments on the insulation properties of the cables, DC voltages were applied to them and the induced changes in leakage current were measured by the current integration method. As a result, it has become clear that the leakage current is the largest in the pristine untreated cable. In addition, almost no leakage current flows in the cables heated at 200°C or 290°C for several hundred hours. The leakage current remains small when the co‐irradiation with gamma rays was given at 100°C or 200°C for relatively long periods exceeding 1000 h. The reason for these results seems to be that the silicone rubber insulation becomes hardened as a result of the thermal or concurrent treatment, and the transport of ionic carriers becomes difficult. The above results indicate experimentally that the degradation is not a matter of great concern for the insulation performance of silicone‐rubber‐insulated safety‐related cables in NPPs.
A novel biocomposite based on lignocellulose modified with epoxidized soybean oil resin
Authors: Gao Baoshan , Huang Siqi , Liu Yi , Shi Xueqian , Jiang Runfang , Shu Zuju
Published: August 2023

Wood is one of the high‐quality biomass raw materials due to its excellent performance. However, wood cannot be directly processed plastically because of its rigidity, limiting the utilization of its high added value. This study was conducted to develop a novel biocomposite based on the flexible delignified wood (FDW) modified with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) resin. FDW, as wood template, was obtained by delignification of plantation poplar slices with poor quality, and then impregnated with the ESO pre‐polymerized solution formed by the reaction of ESO with citric acid (CA). Finally, the impregnated FDWs were heated and cured to get the novel lignocellulosic composite (ESOCA/FDW). The effects of ESOCA prepolymer on the morphology, chemical composition, and physical properties of lignocellulosic composites were studied by testing and characterization. The results showed that ESOCA/FDW‐0.6 had the best performance. Its instantaneous contact angle reached 98.87° and was still about 93.52° at 60 s. The maximum pyrolysis temperature was 395°C. Therefore, ESOCA/FDW is a novel and fully bio‐based transparency composite with flexibility, hydrophobicity and thermal stability. It can be directly utilized in packaging, medical, and other fields, or be further developed as a flexible substrate, which makes ESOCA/FDW have a broad application prospect.

Highlights

A novel lignocellulosic composite was developed using poplar as raw material by a simple top‐down method.

The ESOCA crosslinking network structure was formed in situ in the wood template (FDW), and hydrogen bonds existed between ESOCA and lignocellulose.

The water contact angle of ESOCA/FDW‐0.6 was 98.87° ± 5.13°, which was 39° higher than that of FDW.

The prepared composite materials are all biomass materials with transparency, flexibility and thermal stability.
Degradation of modified polystyrenes having degradable units by near‐infrared light irradiation
Authors: Okamura Haruyuki , Mihono Kiwa
Published: August 2023

Modified polystyrenes having tertiary ether linkages or carbonate linkages were degrade by irradiation of near‐infrared light (NIR) and subsequent heating. The polymer films containing a photoacid generator and commercially available photon upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) were decomposed to form isobutene and/or carbon dioxide by irradiation of NIR and subsequent heating. The thermal decomposition behaviors of the polymers were investigated and discussed in terms of the chemical structures of degradable units. The thermal stability of the polymers was found to be in the order: tertiary ester > tertiary carbonate. We believe that the degradation of NIR and subsequent heating contributes easy recycling of composite materials.
Paisley: Preliminary validation of a novel app‐based e‐Screener for ASD in children 18–36 months
Authors: Honaker Makayla G. , Weitlauf Amy S. , Swanson Amy R. , Hooper Madison , Sarkar Nilanjan , Wade Joshua , Warren Zachary E.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of an autism e‐screener, Paisley, when utilized in a clinical research setting via a tablet application. The Paisley application used a series of play‐based activities, all of which incorporated varying aspects of the ASD‐PEDS. Participants included children (18–36 months; n = 198) referred for evaluation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and community providers (n = 66) with differing levels of familiarity with ASD. Community providers administered the Paisley application to children who then completed a comprehensive psychological evaluation. Based on comprehensive evaluation, 75% of children met diagnostic criteria for ASD. Paisley scores were significantly higher for children diagnosed with ASD (15.06) versus those not diagnosed (9.34). The newly determined cutoff ASD‐PEDS cutoff score of 13 had significantly higher specificity and positive predictive value than the originally proposed cutoff of 11. Results support the use of Paisley by community providers to identify autism risk in toddlers. Limitations and strengths of the work, as well as opportunities for future clinical validation, are described.
Elucidating the structural and functional prophecy of the Rv2326c gene, an ABC transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv through computational approach
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Ajit , Meena Laxman S.
Published: August 2023

Tuberculosis is a fatal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis becoming drug‐resistant day by day, necessitating to know the mechanism behind the drug resistance and how to overcome this deadly malady. Drug resistance and reduced drug bioavailability are caused by a class of transporter proteins called the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which pump a range of medicines out of cells at the price of ATP hydrolysis. By using computational approaches, we tried to elaborate the probable function of the Rv2326c gene of M. tuberculosis, perhaps involved in drug resistance mechanism. The presence of the signature motif of ABC transporters (LSGGELQRLALAAAL and LSGGQMRRVVLAGLL) and ATP binding motif (GXXXXGKT and GXXXXGKS) in the protein sequence signifying its importance in the ATP binding and transportation of molecules. Further, this manuscript elaborated about tertiary structure and validation, functional category, localization, phosphorylation site prediction, mutational analysis of conserved motifs. Ligand docking study shows the highest affinity with ATP than GTP justified its function as an ATP binding protein. The Rv2326c protein is present in the inner membrane and working as an ATP binding protein and might be playing a dynamic role in transportation. In this study, we found that Rv2326c protein might be working as an ABC transporter by which the drugs and other molecules are imported or exported into the bacterium. As a result, the current study provides a means to better understand its normal functioning and basic biology, which can help in the development of novel therapeutic targeting approaches for Rv2326c protein.
Scale‐up analysis of geometrically dissimilar single‐use bioreactors
Authors: Kreitmayer Diana , Gopireddy Srikanth R. , Aki Yuichi , Nonaka Koichi , Urbanetz Nora A. , Gutheil Eva
Published: August 2023

Cell culture scale‐up is a challenging task due to the simultaneous change of multiple hydrodynamic process characteristics and their different dependencies on the bioreactor size as well as variation in the requirements of individual cell lines. Conventionally, the volumetric power input is the most common parameter to select the impeller speed for scale‐up, however, it is well reported that this approach fails when there are huge differences in bioreactor scales. In this study, different scale‐up criteria are evaluated. At first, different hydrodynamic characteristics are assessed using computational fluid dynamics data for four single‐use bioreactors, the Mobius® CellReady 3 L, the Xcellerex™ XDR‐10, the Xcellerex™ XDR‐200, and the Xcellerex™ XDR‐2000. On the basis of this numerical data, several potential scale‐up criteria such as volumetric power input, impeller tip speed, mixing time, maximum hydrodynamic stress, and average strain rate in the impeller zone are evaluated. Out of all these criteria, the latter is found to be most appropriate, and the successful scale‐up from 3 to 10 L bioreactor and to 200 L bioreactor is confirmed with cell culture experiments using Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultivation.
Comparison of IDA, SWATH, and MSALL techniques in the analysis of compounds of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction by UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS
Authors: Fan Zhuoyu , Guan Jiao , Tang Xinmiao , Ge Shengyu , Shen Guanghai , Li Lele , Zhu Heyun , Feng Bo
Published: August 2023

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWD) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is used for treating blood arthralgia in the clinic. However, its material basis has not been studied yet. Herein, a new and highly sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole‐time of flight–MS (UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS) technique is proposed and used for the high‐resolution and accurate identification of the material basis of HGWD. Seventy‐eight compounds have been identified in HGWD. The advantages of information‐dependent acquisition (IDA), sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment‐ion spectra (SWATH), and MSALL in the quantitative and qualitative analyses of compounds were compared. For the identification of compounds, the best mode with the highest accuracy is the IDA. For the quantification of compounds, MSALL shows the best repeatability and linearity. This research provides a theoretical basis for the study of quality control of traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
Recent advancements in biomedical application of polylactic acid/graphene nanocomposites: An overview
Authors: Adekoya Gbolahan Joseph , Ezika Anthony Chidi , Adekoya Oluwasegun Chijioke , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Hamam Yskandar , Ray Suprakas Sinha
Published: August 2023

Polylactic acid (PLA)‐graphene nanocomposites have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and excellent mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent developments in the biomedical applications of PLA/graphene nanocomposites. The discussed applications include tissue engineering, drug delivery, biomedical imaging and sensing, antimicrobial and anticancer treatments, and photothermal and photodynamic therapies. The properties and synthesis of these nanocomposites are also addressed. This review shows that although significant advancements have been made in the development of biomedical applications for PLA/graphene nanocomposites, further research is still required to overcome the existing challenges and limitations, such as improving biocompatibility and biodegradability and optimizing synthesis and processing methods. Despite these challenges, the potential of PLA/graphene nanocomposites in the biomedical field is significant and holds promise for future advancements.
Eye movement patterns during viewing face images with neutral expressions in patients with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Eraslan Boz Hatice , Koçoğlu Koray , Akkoyun Müge , Tüfekci Işıl Yağmur , Ekin Merve , Akdal Gülden
Published: August 2023

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology affects the brain regions responsible for visuospatial skills. Accumulating evidence points to visual difficulties involving face processing in AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). No study has so far examined eye movement patterns when viewing faces with neutral expressions in patients with AD.

Aim

The objective of this study aimed to examine the eye movements of patients with early‐stage AD, aMCI, and healthy controls (HC) during viewing face images.

Materials&Methods

Thirty‐one AD, 37 aMCI, and 33 HC were included in the study. Eye movements in facial stimuli were recorded with the EyeLink 1000 Plus eye‐tracker.

Results

Our findings showed that AD patients looked less at the eye area of interest than the nose and mouth areas of interest compared to aMCI and HC. Regardless of the group, all participants looked at the eye and nose areas of interest more and longer in the mouth area of interest. In addition, the first fixation duration to the eye area of interest of all participants was shorter than that of the nose and mouth.

Discussion

Consistent with our study, studies in healthy adults revealed eye movement patterns that focused more on the eyes and nose. AD patients are unable to pay attention to the salient parts of faces, tending to focus instead on the non‐informative parts.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to reveal eye movement differences in face processing in AD.
Nexus between corporate environmental disclosures and gender diversity: Interaction effects of board independence
Authors: Arora Akshita , Aliani Khaoula
Published: August 2023

This study examines the impact of gender diversity (GD) in the board of directors on corporate environmental disclosures (ED). It develops an integrative theoretical framework to explore diverse facets of the nexus of GD and ED. Using Indian‐listed firms for a sample period of 2015 to 2021, panel models have been used to validate the theoretical assumptions of the study. The empirical results reveal that women directors improve ED. Moreover, the role of women in driving environmental disclosure becomes evident only after achieving a critical mass of three directors. Our research contributes to the literature using board independence as moderator, for the first time in this context, and it was found that it moderates GD–ED relationship significantly. The findings could be beneficial for policymakers and regulators to recognize how GD is vital to firms to achieve best environmental practices. More initiatives may be deployed to reinforce women's representation in boardrooms for enhancing ED. Our study is one of the foremost studies to examine the impact of board GD on ED based on gender socialization, critical mass, and resource dependency theoretical framework.
Monitoring of gastrointestinal carcinoma via molecular residual disease with circulating tumor DNA using a tumor‐informed assay
Authors: Qi Zining , Li Yi , Wang ZhengKun , Tan Xuerong , Zhou Yixuan , Li Zhendong , Zhao Weirong , Zheng Xin , Yao Jicheng , Li Feng , Wang Weifeng , Wang Zhizheng , Pang Fei , Wang Gang , Gu Weiguang
Published: August 2023

Background

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)‐based minimal residual disease (MRD) detection, which can identify disease relapse ahead of radiological imaging, has shown promising performance. The objective of this study was to develop and validate OriMIRACLE S (Minimal Residual Circulating Nucleic Acid Longitudinal Detection in Solid Tumor), a highly sensitive and specific tumor‐informed assay for MRD detection.

Methods

Tumor‐specific somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified via whole exome sequencing of tumor tissue and matched germline DNA. Clonal SNVs were selected using the OriSelector algorithm for patient‐specific, multiplex PCR‐based NGS assays in MRD detection. Plasma‐free DNA from patients with gastrointestinal tumors prior to and following an operation, and during monitoring, were ultradeep sequenced.

Results

The detection of three positive sites was sufficient to achieve nearly 100% overall sample level sensitivity and specificity and was determined by calculating binomial probability based on customized panels containing 21 to 30 variants. A total of 127 patients with gastrointestinal tumors were enrolled in our study. Preoperatively, MRD was positive in 18 of 26 patients (69.23%). Following surgery, MRD was positive in 24 of 82 patients (29.27%). The positivity rate for MRD was 33.33% (n = 18) for gastric adenocarcinoma and 32.26% (n = 62) for colorectal cancer. Twenty (20) of 59 patients (34.48%) experienced a change in MRD status over the monitoring period. Patients 8 and 31 responded to 3 cycles of systemic therapy, after which levels for all ctDNA dropped below the detection limit. Patient 53 was an example of using MRD to predict tumor metastasis. Patient 55 showed a weak response to treatments first and respond to new systemic therapy after tumor progression.

Conclusion

Our study identified a sensitive and specific clinical detection method for low frequency ctDNA, and explored the detection performance of this technology in gastrointestinal tumors.
School‐ and community‐based counselling services for children and young people aged 7–18 in the UK: A rapid review of effectiveness, implementation and acceptability
Authors: Copeland Lauren , Willis Simone , Hewitt Gillian , Edwards Amy , Jones Siôn , Page Nicholas , Murphy Simon , Evans Rhiannon
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Provision of school‐ and community‐based counselling services differs in terms of funding, implementation and eligibility criteria across the UK. The existing evidence of the effectiveness of counselling services is mixed, with little consideration of service context, implementation or acceptability. This rapid review seeks to address the gaps in the extant evidence syntheses by exploring the effectiveness, implementation and acceptability of school‐ and community‐based counselling services in the UK.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in five electronic databases. Grey literature searches were conducted in 23 national government and third‐sector organisational websites. The searches focussed on studies examining counselling interventions aimed at children aged 7–18 years that examined either effectiveness, implementation, acceptability or context.

Results

Fifty‐four studies were included in the review. The few RCT studies suggest that there is no clear evidence of effectiveness of the therapeutic approach, due to mixed findings. There is some tentative evidence for weaker study designs that counselling may have positive impacts across different settings. The service is highly valued by learners, teachers and parents and is believed to improve well‐being; however, it is often seen as a discrete service that is not well‐embedded within the education system.

Conclusions

There is mixed evidence for the effectiveness of school‐ and community‐based counselling. However, this needs to be understood in the context of acceptability and implementation. Future work is needed to improve the implementation of services by considering the wider complexity of the systems in which these services are embedded.
3D facial attractiveness prediction based on deep feature fusion
Authors: Liu Yu , Huang Enquan , Zhou Ziyu , Wang Kexuan , Liu Shu
Published: August 2023

Facial attractiveness prediction is an important research topic in the computer vision community. It not only contributes to the development of interdisciplinary research in psychology and sociology, but also provides fundamental technical support for applications like aesthetic medicine and social media. With the advances in 3D data acquisition and feature representation, this paper aims to investigate the facial attractiveness from deep learning and three‐dimensional perspectives. The 3D faces are first processed to unwrap the texture images and refine the raw meshes. The feature extraction networks for texture, point cloud, and mesh are then delicately designed, considering the characteristics of different types of data. A more discriminative face representation is derived by feature fusion for the final attractiveness prediction. During network training, the cyclical learning rate with an improved range test is introduced, so as to alleviate the difficulty in hyperparameter setting. Extensive experiments are conducted on a 3D FAP benchmark, where the results demonstrate the significance of deep feature fusion and enhanced learning rate in cooperatively facilitating the performance. Specifically, the fusion of texture image and point cloud achieves the best overall prediction, with PC, MAE, and RMSE of 0.7908, 0.4153, and 0.5231, respectively.
Mg‐Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles: A Brief Review on Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications
Authors: Thakur Preeti , Kumari Sonam , Singh Satyendra , Ravelo Blaise , Wan Fayu , Thakur Atul
Published: August 2023

Ferrites are of great interest for both fundamental science and technological applications due to their outstanding physical, chemical, and magnetic properties. Among various ferrites, Mg‐Zn ferrites is one of the best magnetic materials for researchers due to their unique properties such as high electric resistivity, Curie temperature, low coercivity, low eddy current, dielectric losses, low cost, and better environmental stability. This makes ferrites suitable for many applications such as power transformers, microwave devices, computer memories, logic devices, recording heads, loading coils, antenna rods, color monitoring tubes, telecommunications, hyperthermia, and so forth. Mg‐Zn ferrite nanoparticles have gained increased interest for many applications such as catalysts, antimicrobial potential, and sensors for the detection of combustible gases (CH4, CO, and CO2). In this brief review, the strategies used in the synthesis of Mg‐Zn ferrite nanoparticles are summarized. The different structural, morphological, magnetic, and electric properties of these ferrites are analyzed.
Terpene Synthases in the Biosynthesis of Drimane‐Type Sesquiterpenes across Diverse Organisms
Authors: Chen Tzu‐Ho , Lin Hsiao‐Ching
Published: August 2023

Drimane‐type sesquiterpenes (DTSs) are significant terpenoid natural products characterized by their unique C15 bicyclic skeleton. They are produced by various organisms including plants, fungi, bacteria and marine organisms, and exhibit a diverse array of bioactivities. These bioactivities encompass antifeedant, anti‐insecticidal, anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal, anti‐viral and anti‐proliferative properties. Some DTSs contribute to the pungent flavor found in herb plants like water pepper, while others serve as active components responsible for the anti‐cancer activities observed in medicinal mushrooms such as (−)‐antrocin from Antrodia cinnamomea. Recently, DTS synthases have been identified in various organisms, biosynthesizing drimenol, drim‐8‐ene‐11‐ol and (+)‐albicanol, which all possess the characteristic drimane skeleton. Interestingly, despite these enzymes producing chemical molecules with a drimane scaffold, they exhibit minimal amino acid sequence identity across different organisms. This Concept article focuses on the discovery of DTS synthases and the tailoring enzymes generating the chemical diversity of drimane natural products. We summarize and discuss their key features, including the chemical mechanisms, catalytic motifs and functional domains employed by these terpene synthases to generate DTS scaffolds.
Ten‐year outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention of in‐stent restenosis in saphenous vein grafts
Authors: Kuna Constantin , Wiedenmayer Nadine , Bradaric Christian , Presch Antonia , Voll Felix , Kufner Sebastian , Ibrahim Tareq , Schunkert Heribert , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Cassese Salvatore , Kastrati Adnan , Wiebe Jens
Published: August 2023

Background

Only few data is available for long‐term outcomes of patients being treated for in‐stent restenosis (ISR) in saphenous vein grafts (SVG).

Aims

Thus, the aim of this observational, retrospective study was to close this lack of evidence.

Methods

Between January 2007 and February 2021 a total of 163 patients with 186 ISR lesions located in SVG were treated at two large‐volume centers in Munich, Germany. Endpoints of interest were all‐cause mortality, target lesion revascularization (TLR) and target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI). Furthermore, recurrent ISR were assessed. Outcomes are presented as Kaplan–Meier event rates.

Results

Mean age was 72.6 ± 8.6 years, 90.8% were male, 36.8% were diabetics and 42.3% presented an acute coronary syndrome. ISR were treated with DES in 64.0% and with balloon angioplasty (BA) in 36.0%. After 10 years, the rates for all‐cause mortality, TVMI and TLR were 58.2%, 15.4%, and 22.6%, respectively. No statistically relevant differences were found between the types of treatment (DES or BA) regarding all‐cause mortality (55.7% vs. 63.2%, p = 0.181), TVMI (13.8% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.215) and TLR (21.8% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.764). Median time between first and recurrent ISR was 270.8 days. Recurrent ISR were treated with DES in a comparable proportion as during first ISR (p = 0.075). Independent predictor of TLR is patient age (p = 0.034). The median follow‐up duration was 5.1 years (75% CI 2.8; 8.5).

Conclusions

Clinical event rates after intervention of ISR located in SVG are high without statistically relevant differences regarding the type of treatment. However, further studies are needed.
Scaling and root planing for a patient with perforated palate caused by mucormycosis: A case report
Authors: Nikbakht Mohammad Hossein
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Some diseases like mucormycosis can lead to palatal perforation which can cause limitations for dental and oral care for the patients. Nasal septal buttons may be an effective solution according to the literature.
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: A therapeutic challenge case report and literature review
Authors: Nekooghadam Seyyed Mojtaba , Ebrahimi‐Dehkordi Sepehr , Paraandavaji Elham , Pishgahi Mehdi , Ghadirzadeh Erfan , Charkazi Elham , Ghorbani Parastoo
Published: August 2023

The anticoagulants of choice for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolic disease during pregnancy are unfractionated heparin and low‐molecular‐weight heparin. Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is introduced as a rare but critical side effect of heparin products raising the thromboembolic event paradoxically. Here, we present a case of HIT in pregnancy with challenging management due to coincidence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and limited anticoagulant options in the pharmaceutical market of our country of residence. We describe a 6‐week pregnant patient with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), which developed HIT during antenatal care. Therapeutic anticoagulation was initiated with argatroban, then switched to apixaban due to limited access to argatroban. Another therapeutic challenge was the concurrent incidence of LA. The interdisciplinary care team decided on adding up warfarin and scheduled termination at 12 weeks regarding the hazardous condition of the patient. We also reviewed related case literature to convey a new insight into managing pregnancy‐related HIT. HIT is a pro‐coagulatory and lethal complication associated with heparin therapy that can be diagnosed by clinical suspicion, the 4T score system, and confirmatory laboratory analyses. Alternative anticoagulation is the cornerstone of the treatment and an interdisciplinary plan will be worthwhile to make the best clinical decision regarding the critical situation and least the thromboembolic events mortality during pregnancy.
Physicochemical Properties and Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Capture
Authors: Biswas Rima
Published: August 2023

Rising anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, notably CO2 emissions, have led to environmental issues that affect both humans and ecosystems. CO2 separation makes it easier to reduce energy use and CO2 emissions, both of which are essential for combating the concern of global warming. The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as CO2 capture solvents is recommended. However, the high viscosity, toxicity, cost, and poor biodegradability of ILs limit their large‐scale application. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been created with improved CO2 separation efficiency, lower preparation costs, and less negative environmental impact. The state‐of‐the‐art of the physicochemical properties of DESs in connection to their influence on CO2 capture processes and the studies of CO2 solubility in DESs are discussed. The absorption mechanism of CO2 in DESs and the effect of temperatures, pressures, and hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) on the solubility of CO2 in DESs are overviewed and analyzed, and future research directions on this topic are suggested.
Fluorinated Mn(III)/(II)‐Porphyrin with Redox‐Responsive 1H and 19F Relaxation Properties
Authors: Pinto Sara M. A. , Ferreira Ana R. R. , Teixeira Daniela S. S. , Nunes Sandra C. C. , Batista de Carvalho Ana L. M. , Almeida Joseany M. S. , Garda Zoltan , Pallier Agnés , Pais Alberto A. C. C. , Brett Christopher M. A. , Tóth Éva , Marques Maria P. M. , Pereira Mariette M. , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C.
Published: August 2023

A new fluorinated manganese porphyrin, (Mn‐TPP‐p‐CF3) is reported capable of providing, based on the Mn(III)/Mn(II) equilibrium, dual 1H relaxivity and 19F NMR response to redox changes. The physical‐chemical characterization of both redox states in DMSO‐d6/H2O evidenced that the 1H relaxometric and 19F NMR properties are appropriate for differential redox MRI detection. The Mn(III)‐F distance (dMn−F=9.7–10 Å), as assessed by DFT calculations, is well tailored to allow for adequate paramagnetic effect of Mn(III) on 19F T1 and T2 relaxation times. Mn‐TPP‐p‐CF3 has a reversible Mn(II)/Mn(III) redox potential of 0.574 V vs. NHE in deoxygenated aqueous HEPES/ THF solution. The reduction of Mn(III)‐TPP‐p‐CF3 in the presence of ascorbic acid is slowly, but fully reversed in the presence of air oxygen, as monitored by UV‐Vis spectrometry and 19F NMR. The broad 1H and 19F NMR signals of Mn(III)‐TPP‐p‐CF3 disappear in the presence of 1 equivalent ascorbate replaced by a shifted and broadened 19F NMR signal from Mn(II)‐TPP‐p‐CF3. Phantom 19F MR images in DMSO show a MRI signal intensity decrease upon reduction of Mn(III)‐TPP‐p‐CF3, retrieved upon complete reoxidation in air within ~24 h. 1H NMRD curves of the Mn(III)/(II)‐TPP‐p‐CF3 chelates in mixed DMSO/water solvent have the typical shape of Mn(II)/Mn(III) porphyrins.
Synthetic Strategies of N‐Heterocyclic Olefin (NHOs) and Their Recent Application of Organocatalytic Reactions and Beyond
Authors: G Mahantesh , Sharma Deepika , Dandela Rambabu , Dhayalan Vasudevan
Published: August 2023

N‐heterocyclic olefin (NHO) derivatives have an electron‐rich as well as highly polarized carabon‐carbon (C=C) double bond because of the electron‐donating nature of nitrogen and sulphur atoms. While NHOs have been developing as novel organocatalysts and ligands for transition‐metal complexes in various organic compound syntheses, different research groups are currently interested in preparing imidazole and triazolium‐based chiral NHO catalysts. Some of them have been used for enantioselective organic transformations, but were still elusive. N‐heterocyclic olefins, the alkylidene derivatives of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), have shown promising results as effective promoters for numerous organic syntheses such as asymmetric catalysis, hydroborylation, hydrosilylation, reduction, CO2 sequestration, alkylation, cycloaddition, polymerization and the ring‐opening reaction of aziridine and epoxides, esterification, C−F bond functionalization, amine coupling, trifluoromethyl thiolation, amination etc. NHOs catalysts with suitable structures can serve as a novel class of Lewis/Bronsted bases with strong basicity and high nucleophilicity properties.These facts strongly suggest their enormous chemical potential as sustainable catalysts for a wide variety of reactions in synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of NHOs and their properties are briefly reviewed in this article, along with a summary of the imidazole and triazole core of NHOs′ most recent catalytic uses.
Carbon Nitrides from Supramolecular Crystals: From Single Atoms to Heterojunctions and Advanced Photoelectrodes
Authors: Barrio Jesús , Li Junyi , Shalom Menny
Published: August 2023

Carbon nitride materials (CN) have become one of the most studied photocatalysts within the last 15 years. While CN absorbs visible light, its low porosity and fast electron‐hole recombination hinder its photoelectric performance and have motivated the research in the modification of its physical and chemical properties (such as energy band structure, porosity, or chemical composition) by different means. In this Concept we review the utilization of supramolecular crystals as CN precursors to tailor its properties. We elaborate on the features needed in a supramolecular crystal to serve as CN precursor, we delve on the influence of metal‐free crystals in the morphology and porosity of the resulting materials and then discuss the formation of single atoms and heterojunctions when employing a metal‐organic crystal. We finally discuss the performance of CN photoanodes derived from crystals and highlight the current standing challenges in the field.
Inspired dual functional adsorption films of armed molecules on copper
Authors: Shi Yueting , Xiong Junle , Li Hongru , Gao Fang , Wang Xinchao , Zhang Shengtao
Published: August 2023

In this study, double norfloxacin skeletons including the target armed molecules (DNs) displaying antibacterial and anticorrosion properties for copper in aqueous solutions were presented. The molecular modelling and material simulation calculations suggest that the target molecules could be adsorbed to copper surface, which was further demonstrated by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the copper surface which adsorbed the target armed molecules exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The potentiodynamic polarization plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate that the DNs of 0.100 mM achieved over 95% corrosion inhibition efficiency for copper in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at 298 K. The results given in this study may guide us to achieve bacterial and corrosion resistances for copper based on the drug‐included armed molecules.
PROTOCOL: School‐based interventions for reducing disciplinary school exclusion: An updated systematic review
Authors: Valdebenito Sara , Gaffney Hannah , Jolliffe Darrick
Published: August 2023

The primary goal of the present mixed methods review is to systematically examine the available evidence for the effectiveness of different types of school‐based interventions for reducing disciplinary school exclusion. Quantitative evidence will help to understand the overall size of the impact, as well as the factors that better explain it. Qualitative evidence will help to better understand how these programmes may work, and what factors aid or hinder implementation and success.

The research questions underlying the quantitative review are as follows:

Do school‐based programmes reduce the use of exclusionary sanctions in schools?

Are some school‐based approaches more effective than others in reducing exclusionary sanctions?

Do participants’ characteristics (e.g., age, sex, or ethnicity) affect the impact of school‐based programmes on exclusionary sanctions in schools?

Do characteristics of the interventions, implementation, and methodology affect the impact of school‐based programmes on exclusionary sanctions in schools?

Do school‐based programmes have an impact on reducing the involvement of children and young people in crime and violence?

Do participants’ characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity) affect the impact of school‐based programmes on crime and violence?

If sufficient data are available, we will compare different approaches (e.g., school‐wide management, classroom management, restorative justice, cognitive‐behavioural interventions) and identify those that could potentially demonstrate larger effects. We will also (potentially) run analysis controlling for characteristics of participants (e.g., age, ethnicity, level of risk); interventions (e.g., theoretical bases, components); implementation (e.g., facilitators’ training, doses, quality); and methodology (e.g., research design).

The research questions underlying the qualitative review are defined as follows:

What are the barriers and facilitators to implementation of interventions to reduce school exclusions?

What are the barriers and facilitators to implementation of interventions to reduce the involvement of children and young people in crime and violence?
Cancer survivors’ limitations in functional abilities are increasing
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: August 2023

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. In this issue, data from a new study show that some US cancer survivors are suffering increased rates of functional limitations after treatment. In addition, researchers look at how the COVID‐19 pandemic destabilized usual patterns of cancer care, and an analysis shows that children who live in extreme poverty face a greater risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse.
Computational assessment of leg response to extreme loadings using a detailed finite element model
Authors: Vikram Aman , Chawla Anoop , Mukherjee Sudipto
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on evaluating the response of the Total Human Model for Safety™ lower extremity finite element model under blast loading. Biofidelity of the lower extremity model was evaluated against experiments with impact loading equivalent to underbody blast. The model response was found to match well with the experimental data for the average impactor speeds of 7 and 9.3 m/s resulting in an overall correlation and analysis rating of 0.86 and 0.82, respectively. The model response was then used to investigate response for antipersonnel mine explosion where the numerical setup consists of a charge mass of 40 g trinitrotoluene placed at a depth of 50 mm below the heel. The explosion was modeled using Multi Material‐Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method. The model was subjected to the graded input in terms of variation in standoff distance and mass of explosive to investigate the sensitivity of the model. The model found sensitive to the threat definition and predicted an increase of 110% in peak fluid‐structure interaction force with 20% reduction in its time to peak and 29% increase in peak calcaneus axial force with a reduction of 33% in its time to peak when explosive mass varied from 40 g to 100 g. The location of the explosive below the foot was discovered to have significant effect on the injury pattern in near‐field explosion. A comparative study suggested that the model predicted similar response and damage pattern compared to experimental data.
Omentum provides a special cell microenvironment for ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Zeying , Fang Xiaoling , Wang Sixue
Published: August 2023

Background

Ovarian cancer seriously threatens women's health because of its poor prognosis and high mortality. Due to the lack of efficient early detection and screening methods, when patients seek doctors' help with complaints of abdominal distension, back pain and other nonspecific signs, the clinical results always hint at the widespread metastasis of disease. When referring to the metastasis of this disease, the omentum always takes precedence.

Recent findings

The distinguishing feature of the omentum is adipose tissue, which satisfies the energy demand of cancer cells and supplies a more aggressive environment for ovarian cancer cells. In this review, we mainly focus on three important cell types: adipocytes, macrophages, and mesenchymal stem cells. Besides, several mechanisms underlying cancer‐associated adipocytes (CAA)‐facilitated ovarian cancer cell development have been revealed, including their capacities for storing lipids and endocrine function, and the release of hormones, growth factors, and adipokines. Blocking the reciprocity among cancer cells and various cells located on the omentum might contribute to ovarian cancer therapy. The inhibition of hormones, growth factors and adipokines produced by adipocytes will be a novel therapeutic strategy. However, a sufficient number of trials has not been performed. In spite of this, the therapeutic potential of metformin and the roles of exercise in ovarian cancer will be worth mentioning.

Conclusion

It is almost impossible to overcome completely ovarian cancer at the moment. What we can do is trying our best to improve these patients' prognoses. In this process, adipocytes may bring promising future for the therapy of ovarian cancer.
The effect of lightness, chroma, and hue on depth perception
Authors: Gong Shi‐Min , Liou Fan‐Yu , Lee Wen‐Yuan
Published: August 2023

Color coding of the graphical user interface (GUI) is effective in cognitive tasks, especially searching and identifying target stimuli from a crowded GUI. The perceived color depth on a flat GUI is a critical feature in mapping the stratification of information. In color science, the visual phenomena of advancing and receding colors provide the perceived depth needed for GUI design. The experiment used a series of color pairs as experimental samples to observe the phenomenon of depth perception caused by colors and obtain the judgment of the perception of color depth. This study developed a best‐fit regression model to predict the perceived color depth. The study found that the higher the lightness, the higher the chroma, and the closer the hue is to 33° (reddish color), the colors tend to be the advancing colors; the lower the lightness, the lower the chroma, and the closer the hue is to 213° (blue‐greenish color), the colors tend to be the receding colors.
CYP2C19 Loss‐of‐Function Variants Associated With Long‐Term Ischemic Stroke Events During Clopidogrel Treatment in the Chinese Population
Authors: Wu Peng , Liu Ziqing , Tian Zijian , Wu Benrui , Shao Jian , Li Qian , Geng Zhaoxu , Pan Ying , Lu Ke , Wang Qiang , Xu Tao , Zhou Kaixin
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine whether CYP2C19 loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants were associated with long‐term ischemic stroke risk in Chinese primary care patients treated with clopidogrel. Patients treated with clopidogrel were ascertained from Chinese electronic medical records linked with a biobank for a retrospective cohort study. Their medical information was examined for the period from January 2018 to December 2021. Two CYP2C19 major loss of function variants (*2:rs4244285 and *3: rs4986893) were genotyped. The clinical outcome was ischemic stroke event. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the occurrence of ischemic stroke events and CYP2C19 LoF variants. Covariates included age, gender, body mass index, prior ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoidemia, smoke status, aspirin use, proton‐pump inhibitor use, and statin use. Of the 1,141 patients included in the clopidogrel therapy cohort, 61.9% carried at least one CYP2C19 LoF variant. During a median follow‐up period of 12 months, 103 patients (9.0%) had an ischemic stroke. After adjusting for other risk factors, carriers of CYP2C19 LoF variants had significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke compared with non‐carriers (hazard ratio: 1.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.53, P = 0.025). This pharmacogenetic study of clopidogrel provides novel insights into the association between the CYP2C19 LoF variant and long‐term stroke risk. We established that there is still a need for CYP2C19 genotype‐guided personalized antiplatelet therapy in those who have returned to the primary care setting for clopidogrel prescription.
Vinyl Phosphonates as Photopharmacological Agents: Laser‐Induced Cis‐Trans Isomerization and Butyrylcholinesterase Activity
Authors: Bikbaeva Gulia , Egorova Anastasia , Sonin Nikolai , Pilip Anna , Kolesnikov Ilya , Pankin Dmitrii , Boroznjak Roman , Manshina Alina
Published: August 2023

Photoswitchable molecules are highly requested compounds in various fields and, in particular, biomedicine. The urgent modern task of photopharmacology (an emerging approach in medicine) is the design of molecules that have both photoswitchable and bioactive properties. In this study, we present vinyl phosphonates – diene compounds with ethyl and isopropyl substituents on the phosphonate group. Both compounds demonstrated laser‐induced cis‐trans isomerization via a C=C bond after irradiation at 266 nm. The photoisomerization quantum yield was 17 % and 20 % for compounds with ethyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. The main advantage of the presented vinyl phosphonates is their bioactivity, unlike other photoswitchable molecules. Rather efficient butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by both presented compounds was demonstrated by IPC‐Micro analysis. The notable butyrylcholinesterase inhibition increase by 5 and 9 times was found for the vinyl phosphonates after laser irradiation. Such a sizeable difference in inhibition values for different isomeric states is a critical factor, which opens the way toward promising applications of vinyl phosphonates as photopharmacological agents.