bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allele Frequency of SLC22A1 Met420del Metformin Main Transporter Encoding Gene among Javanese-Indonesian Population
Authors: Ningrum Vitarani DA , Istikharah Rochmy , Firmansyah Rheza
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: Genetic variation in the genes that encode metformin transporters has been proven to cause pharmacokinetic variability and various glycemic response to metformin. Organic Cation Transporter (OCT) 1 protein encoded by the SLC22A1 gene is primarily responsible for the process of metformin influx to the hepatocytes as the target of antihyperglycemic action as well as metformin elimination through the renal. This study aimed to determine the allele frequency distribution of the SLC22A1 Met420del gene in OCT1 among the Javanese population, the largest ethnic group in Indonesia with T2DM.
METHODS: The research involved 100 adult patients from 9 healthcare facilities in Yogyakarta Province. The PCR-RFLP method was employed as a genotype analysis to detect polymorphism using 5'-AGGTTCACGGACTCTGTGCT-3' forward primer and 5'-AAGCTGGAGTGTGCGATCT-3' reverse primer.
RESULTS: No AA variant (wild type) type was found in the SLC22A1 Met420del gene, and only 4% of the subjects had Aa heterozygote type. The allele frequencies of A and a were 2.0% and 98.0% in all subjects, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The allele frequencies in the Javanese-Indonesian population were almost the same as those in the studies involving Japanese, Chinese-Han, and Asian-American populations. This study recommends further research on the correlation between the influence of methionine deletion at codon 420 on the variability of pharmacokinetic profiles and the glycemic response to metformin as well as the incidence of gastrointestinal intolerance due to metformin administration.
Salivary Secretor Status of Blood Group Antigens in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Bakhtiari Sedighe , Mani Far Soheila , Alibakhshi Zahra , Shirkhoda Mohammad , Anbari Fahimeh
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancers include malignancies of the scalp and neck skin, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx and larynx. The term ABO secretor refers to people who secrete blood group antigens in their body fluids such as saliva, sweat, tears, semen, and serum. Non-secretors refer to those who do not secrete their blood group antigens in their body fluids. The lack of blood type antigens in body discharge increases the susceptibility to certain types of diseases and infection.
AIM: Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the secretion of blood groups in the saliva of patients with head and neck cancers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 110 people (57 patients with head and neck cancer who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran and 53 cancer-free controls). Five ml of non-stimulated saliva were collected by the spitting method. By agglutination or lack of agglutination in the test tubes, we determined the patient’s secretor or non-secretor condition.
RESULTS: In terms of secretor status, 52.7% of all samples were secretors. In the case group, 19 out of 57 cases (33.3%) were secretors, and 38 were non-secretors (66.7%). In the control group, 39 out of 53 cases (73.6%) were secretors, and 14 cases were non-secretors (26.4%). There was a significant difference in the percentage of non-secretors between the two groups (p = 0.00).
CONCLUSION: People with non-secretor status may be more prone to develop head and neck cancer. The presence of these antigens in saliva may have a protective effect.
A Review of Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology, Genetics, Screening, and Management
Authors: Idachaba Samuel , Dada Oluwafemi , Abimbola Olalekan , Olayinka Olamide , Uma Akunnaya , Olunu Esther , Fakoya Adegbenro Omotuyi John
Published: February 2019

Pancreatic cancer ranks among the causes of cancer-related deaths. The average size of pancreatic cancer during diagnosis is about 31 mm and has not changed significantly over the past 30 years. Poor early diagnosis of a tumour has been attributed to the late-presenting symptoms. Over the years, improvement in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer has been observed, and this can be linked to advancement in imaging techniques as well as the increasing knowledge of cancer history and genetics. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Endoscopic Ultrasound, and Computer Topography are the approved imaging modalities utilised in the diagnosing of pancreatic cancer. Over the years, the management of patients with pancreatic cancer has seen remarkable improvement as reliable techniques can now be harnessed and implemented in determining the resectability of cancer. However, only about 10% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas are resectable at the time of diagnosis and will highly benefit from a microscopic margin-negative surgical resection. Overall, the failure of early tumour identification will result in considerable morbidity and mortality.
Current Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Medical Students Regarding the Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Control Measures at Qassim University
Authors: Al Wutayd Osama , AlRehaili Abdullah , AlSafrani Khaled AlSafrani , Abalkhail Abdulrahman , AlEidi Sulaiman Mohammed
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: Medical students are exposed to occupational health hazards in hospitals during their studies and lack sufficient education about infection control measures. Injury to medical students is a substantial problem and students have an increased risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV). To understand how medical students think about infection control, it is important to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their education.
AIM: To assess current knowledge, attitudes, and practice of medical students regarding HBV infection and control measures at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical college. Participants completed a 39-item self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Item response frequencies were calculated. Responses were recorded into yes (strongly agree and agree) and no (neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree) answers. Correct responses were totalled and categorised as good or poor performance. A scale cut-off of less than 75% correct responses was considered poor, and 75% or more correct responses was considered good. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the chi-square test was used for analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 21%, 41%, and 8% of students expressed good knowledge, attitudes, and practice, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females on knowledge (p = 0.089), attitudes (p = 0.829), and practice (p = 0.248). There was a statistically significant difference between academic years on knowledge (p = 0.0001), attitudes (p = 0.0001), and practice (p = 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Most medical students have poor knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding the risk of HBV infection. It is recommended that a policy is implemented for training on infection prevention for all medical students before they start clinical practice. Prevention programs about HBV infection should be instituted, and existing programs must be strengthened.
Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Bone Marrow and Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro & in Vivo
Authors: Mohammed Eman E. A. , El-Zawahry Mohamed , Farrag Abdel Razik H. , Abdel Aziz Nahla N. , Sharaf-ElDin Wessam , Abu-Shahba Nourhan , Mahmoud Marwa , Gaber Khaled , Ismail Taher , Mossaad Mohamed M. , Abdel Aleem Alice
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: Cell therapies offer a promising potential in promoting bone regeneration. Stem cell therapy presents attractive care modality in treating degenerative conditions or tissue injuries. The rationale behind this is both the expansion potential of stem cells into a large cell population size and its differentiation abilities into a wide variety of tissue types, when given the proper stimuli. A progenitor stem cell is a promising source of cell therapy in regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering.
AIM: This study aimed to compare the osteogenic differentiation and regenerative potentials of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow (hBM-MSCs) or amniotic fluid (hAF-MSCs), both in vitro and in vivo studies.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Human MSCs, used in this study, were successfully isolated from two human sources; the bone marrow (BM) and amniotic fluid (AF) collected at the gestational ages of second or third trimesters.
RESULTS: The stem cells derived from amniotic fluid seemed to be the most promising type of progenitor cells for clinical applications. In a pre-clinical experiment, attempting to explore the therapeutic application of MSCs in bone regeneration, Rat lumbar spines defects were surgically created and treated with undifferentiated and osteogenically differentiated MSCs, derived from BM and second trimester AF. Cells were loaded on gel-foam scaffolds, inserted and fixed in the area of the surgical defect. X-Ray radiography follows up, and histopathological analysis was done three-four months post- operation. The transplantation of AF-MSCs or BM-MSCs into induced bony defects showed promising results. The AF-MSCs are offering a better healing effect increasing the likelihood of achieving successful spinal fusion. Some bone changes were observed in rats transplanted with osteoblasts differentiated cells but not in rats transplanted with undifferentiated MSCs. Longer observational periods are required to evaluate a true bone formation. The findings of this study suggested that the different sources; hBM-MSCs or hAF-MSCs exhibited remarkably different signature regarding the cell morphology, proliferation capacity and osteogenic differentiation potential
CONCLUSIONS: AF-MSCs have a better performance in vivo bone healing than that of BM-MSCs. Hence, AF derived MSCs is highly recommended as an alternative source to BM-MSCs in bone regeneration and spine fusion surgeries. Moreover, the usage of gel-foam as a scaffold proved as an efficient cell carrier that showed bio-compatibility with cells, bio-degradability and osteoinductivity in vivo.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Hurley I/II): Serial Excisions with Primary Wound Closure Under Local Anesthesia As Most Adequate Treatment Approach!
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Temelkova Ivanka
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: Acne inversa as a chronic inflammatory disorder can be divided into three stages according to Hurley's classification. It affects the axillary and anogenital region predominantly, and its chronic course of development is associated with a major negative impact on quality of life, especially in young patients. We discuss the different types of treatment in patients with acne inversÐ° and the benefits of two-stage surgical treatment by serial excisions with primary wound closure under local anaesthesia.
CASE REPORT: We present a 28-year-old man with hidradenitis suppurativa stage I in the right axillary region and also in the pubic area. The patient is an active smoker. The patient was treated with Rifampicin 2x 300mg / day without any particular effect and preoperatively, systemic therapy with Clindamycin 4x 600mg / day was performed, combined with daily dressings with jodasept ointment for 7 days. The patient was treated through two surgical sessions under local anaesthesia with elliptical excision of the lesions located in the right axillary and the pubic area. Both of the two surgical defects were initially closed with single interrupted sutures. Histological examination of both lesions revealed the presence of suppurative folliculitis.
CONCLUSION: The literature describes various methods for treating acne inversÐ° which include both systemic and local approaches. However, it is considered that drug therapy achieves only a temporary improvement in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. For this reason, the surgical treatment of acne inversÐ° is indicated as the only curative treatment, especially for recurrent lesions and serial excisions under local anaesthesia, followed by primary wound closure is a valuable treatment for patients with mild to moderate HS (Hurly stage I & II).
Comparison of Sensitivities of American College of Rheumatology and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Classification Criteria in Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tao Jessie J. , Hiraki Linda T. , Levy Deborah M. , Silverman Earl D.
Published: February 2019

Objective.

Currently there are 2 different classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC). The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivities of ACR and SLICC criteria in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) using a large, multiethnic cohort.

Methods.

We conducted a retrospective study of 722 patients diagnosed with cSLE at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids). Prospectively collected data from SickKids’ Lupus Database were reviewed/validated against medical records prior to ACR and SLICC scoring based on cumulative symptoms up to the last visit. Sensitivities were compared using McNemar’s test. Descriptive statistics were used to identify SLE features unique to each set of criteria and autoantibodies not included in either.

Results.

ACR and SLICC sensitivities were as follows: 92.4% and 96.3% overall (p = 0.001); 82.5% and 91.3% (p = 0.01) in those scored ≤ 1 year from diagnosis; 92.7% and 97.9% (p = 0.02) in those scored 2–3 years from diagnosis. Forty-eight of 55 (87.3%) patients who did not meet ACR criteria met SLICC criteria through SLICC-specific criterion or renal biopsy. Twenty of 27 (74.1%) patients who did not meet SLICC criteria met ACR criteria as a result of photosensitivity (73.9%) and ACR lymphopenia criteria (26.1%). Six of 7 patients (85.7%) who were clinically diagnosed with cSLE but did not meet either SLICC or ACR criteria had anti-Ro antibodies.

Conclusion.

SLICC criteria were significantly more sensitive than ACR criteria in cSLE classification, especially early in the disease course. Because of the extreme rarity of primary Sjögren syndrome in children, one may consider adding anti-Ro antibodies to the classification criteria for cSLE because they are present in ∼40% of patents with cSLE.
Sexual Quality of Life in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis in the Biologic Treatment Era
Authors: Berg Kari Hansen , Rohde Gudrun Elin , Prøven Anne , Benestad Esben Esther Pirelli , Østensen Monika , Haugeberg Glenn
Published: February 2019

Objective.

To examine the relationship between demographics, disease-related variables, treatment, and sexual quality of life (SQOL) in men and women with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods.

AxSpA patients were consecutively recruited from 2 rheumatology outpatient clinics in southern Norway. A broad spectrum of demographics, disease, treatment, and QOL data were systematically collected. SQOL was assessed using the SQOL-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire (score range 18–108). Appropriate statistical tests were applied for group comparison, and the association between independent variables and SQOL-F was examined using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results.

A total of 360 (240 men, 120 women) axSpA patients with mean age 45.5 years and disease duration 13.9 years were included. Seventy-eight percent were married/cohabiting, 26.7% were current smokers, 71.0% were employed, 86.0% performed > 1-h exercise per week, and 88.0% were HLA-B27–positive. Mean (SD) values for disease measures were C-reactive protein (CRP) 8.5 (12.1) mg/l, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 3.1 (2.1), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score (BAS-G) 3.8 (2.5), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index 2.7 (2.2), and Health Assessment Questionnaire 0.6 (0.5). The proportion of patients using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was 44.0%, synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) 5.0%, and biologic DMARD 24.0%. Mean (SD) total sum score for SQOL was 76.6 (11.3). In multivariate analysis, female sex, increased body mass index, measures reflecting disease activity (BAS-G and CRP), and current biologic treatment were independently associated with a lower SQOL.

Conclusion.

Our data suggest that inflammation in patients with axSpA even in the biologic treatment era reduces SQOL.
The Effect of Axial Spondyloarthritis on Mental Health: Results from the Atlas
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Delgado-Domínguez C.J. , Gálvez-Ruiz D. , Mur C. Blanch , Navarro-Compán V.
Published: February 2019

Objective.

To assess the risk of mental disorders in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and to examine the factors associated with this.

Methods.

In 2016, a sample of 680 patients with axSpA were interviewed as part of the development process for the Atlas of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Spain. The risk of mental disorders in these patients was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire scale. Additionally, the variables associated with the risk of mental disorders were investigated, including sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, relationship, patient association membership, job status, and educational level), disease status (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, spinal stiffness, and functional limitation), and previous diagnosis of mental disorders (depression and anxiety). Bivariate correlation analyses were performed, followed by multiple hierarchical and stepwise regression analysis.

Results.

A total of 45.6% patients were at risk of mental disorders. All variables except educational level and thoracic stiffness significantly correlated with risk of mental disorders. Nevertheless, disease activity, functional limitation, and age showed the highest coefficient (r = 0.543, p ≤ 0.001; r = 0.378, p ≤ 0.001; r = −0.174, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). In the stepwise regression analysis, 4 variables (disease activity, functional limitation, patient association membership, and cervical stiffness) explained the majority of the variance for the risk of mental disorders. Disease activity displayed the highest explanatory degree (R2 = 0.875, p < 0.001).

Conclusion.

In patients with axSpA, the prevalence of risk of mental disorders is high. Combined with a certain sociodemographic profile, high disease activity is a good indicator of the risk for mental disorders.
Adaptive Trial Designs in Rheumatology: Report from the OMERACT Special Interest Group
Authors: Pickles Tim , Alten Rieke , Boers Maarten , Bykerk Vivian , Christensen Jared , Christensen Robin , van Hoogstraten Hubert , Simon Lee S. , Tam Lai-Shan , Choy Ernest H.
Published: February 2019

Objective.

Adaptive trial design was developed initially for oncology to improve trial efficiency. If optimized for rheumatology, it may improve trial efficiency by reducing sample size and time.

Methods.

A systematic review assessed design of phase II clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis.

Results.

Fifty-six trials were reviewed. Most trials had 4 groups (1 control and 3 intervention), with an average group size of 34 patients. American College of Rheumatology 20 measured at 16 weeks was the most commonly used primary endpoint.

Conclusion.

The next step is to undertake a systematic review of adaptive designs used in early-phase trials in nonrheumatic conditions.
OMERACT Filter 2.1: Elaboration of the Conceptual Framework for Outcome Measurement in Health Intervention Studies
Authors: Boers Maarten , Beaton Dorcas E. , Shea Beverley J. , Maxwell Lara J. , Bartlett Susan J. , Bingham Clifton O. , Conaghan Philip G. , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , de Wit Maarten P. , Gossec Laure , March Lyn , Simon Lee S. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , Wells George A. , Tugwell Peter
Published: February 2019

Objective.

The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.0 framework was developed in 2014 to aid core outcome set development by describing the full universe of “measurable aspects of health conditions” from which core domains can be selected. This paper provides elaborations and updated concepts (OMERACT Filter 2.1).

Methods.

At OMERACT 2018, we discussed challenges in the framework application caused by unclear or ambiguous wording and terms and incompletely developed concepts.

Results.

The updated OMERACT Filter 2.1 framework makes benefits and harms explicit, clarifies concepts, and improves naming of various terms.

Conclusion.

We expect that the Filter 2.1 framework will improve the process of core set development.
Core Domain Set Selection According to OMERACT Filter 2.1: The OMERACT Methodology
Authors: Maxwell Lara J. , Beaton Dorcas E. , Shea Beverley J. , Wells George A. , Boers Maarten , Grosskleg Shawna , Bingham Clifton O. , Conaghan Philip G. , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , de Wit Maarten , Gossec Laure , March Lyn , Simon Lee S. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , Tugwell Peter
Published: February 2019

Objective.

To describe the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 methodology for core domain set selection.

Methods.

The “OMERACT Way for Core Domain Set selection” framework consists of 3 stages: first, generating candidate domains through literature reviews and qualitative work, then a process of consensus to obtain agreement from those involved, and finally formal voting on the OMERACT Onion. The OMERACT Onion describes the placement of domains in layers/circles: mandatory in all trials/mandatory in specific circumstances (inner circle); important but optional (middle circle); or research agenda (outer circle). Five OMERACT working groups presented their core domain sets for endorsement by the OMERACT community. Tools including a workbook and whiteboard video were created to assist the process. The methods workshop at OMERACT 2018 introduced participants to this framework.

Results.

The 5 OMERACT working groups achieved consensus on their proposed core domain sets. After the Methodology Workshop training exercise at OMERACT 2018, over 90% of participants voted that they were confident that they understood the process of core domain set selection.

Conclusion.

The methods described in this paper were successfully used by the 5 working groups voting on domains at the OMERACT 2018 meeting, demonstrating the feasibility of the process. In addition, participants at OMERACT 2018 expressed increased confidence and understanding of the core domain set selection process after the training exercise. This methodology will continue to evolve, and we will use innovative technology such as whiteboard videos as a key part of our dissemination and implementation strategy for new methods.
Preliminary Definitions for Sacroiliac Joint Pathologies in the OMERACT Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (OMERACT JAMRIS-SIJ)
Authors: Otobo Tarimobo M. , Conaghan Philip G. , Maksymowych Walter P. , van der Heijde Desiree , Weiss Pamela , Sudol-Szopinska Iwona , Herregods Nele , Jaremko Jacob L. , Meyers Arthur B. , Rumsey Dax , Inarejos Emilio C. , Kirkhus Eva , Stimec Jennifer , Panwar Jyoti , Thorpe Kevin , Jans Lennart , van Rossum M.A. , Tolend Mirkamal , Perez Manuela , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Sandhya Pulukool , Tse Shirley , Simone Appenzeller , Swami Vimarsha G. , Touma Zahi , Lambert Robert , Doria Andrea S.
Published: February 2019

Objective.

To develop definitions for the assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pathologies of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Methods.

An Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) consensus-driven methodology consisting of iterative surveys and focus group meetings within an international group of rheumatologists and radiologists.

Results.

Two domains, inflammation and structural, were identified. Definitions for bone marrow edema, joint space inflammation, capsulitis, and enthesitis were derived for joint inflammation; sclerosis, erosion, fatty lesion, and ankylosis were defined for assessing structural joint changes.

Conclusion.

Preliminary consensus-driven definitions for inflammation and structural elements have been derived, underpinning the ongoing development of the OMERACT Juvenile Arthritis MRI SIJ scoring system (OMERACT JAMRIS-SIJ).
Patient Perspectives on DMARD Safety Concerns in Rheumatology Trials: Results from Inflammatory Arthritis Patient Focus Groups and OMERACT Attendees Discussion
Authors: Andersen Kathleen M. , Kelly Ayano , Lyddiatt Anne , Bingham Clifton O. , Bykerk Vivian P. , Batterman Adena , Westreich Joan , Jones Michelle K. , Cross Marita , Brooks Peter M. , March Lyn , Shea Beverley , Tugwell Peter , Simon Lee S. , Christensen Robin , Bartlett Susan J.
Published: February 2019

Objective.

The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Safety Working Group is identifying core safety domains that matter most to patients with rheumatic disease.

Methods.

International focus groups were held with 39 patients with inflammatory arthritis to identify disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) experiences and concerns. Themes were identified by pragmatic thematic coding and discussed in small groups by meeting attendees.

Results.

Patients view DMARD side effects as a continuum and consider the cumulative effect on day-to-day function. Disease and drug experiences, personal factors, and life circumstances influence tolerance of side effects and treatment persistence.

Conclusion.

Patients weigh overall adverse effects and benefits over time in relation to experiences and life circumstances.
Characteristics of Circulating Natural Killer Cells and Their Interferon-γ Production in Active Adult-onset Still Disease
Authors: Shimojima Yasuhiro , Kishida Dai , Ueno Ken-ichi , Ushiyama Satoru , Ichikawa Takanori , Sekijima Yoshiki
Published: February 2019

Objective.

To investigate the characteristics of circulating natural killer (NK) cells and their interferon (IFN)-γ–producing ability in adult-onset Still disease (AOSD).

Methods.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 22 patients in the acute phase of AOSD (acute AOSD); 7 of the 22 patients after treatment (remission AOSD), and 11 healthy controls (HC). NK cells and their IFN-γ expression levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, the cytokine receptors of interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15, and IL-18 on NK cells were also evaluated.

Results.

The frequency of NK cells was significantly lower in acute AOSD than in HC. NK cell counts significantly increased in remission AOSD. Expression of IL-12 and IL-15 receptors on NK cells was significantly increased in acute AOSD, whereas that of IL-18 receptor indicated no significant difference among 3 groups. IFN-γ expression in NK cells was significantly higher in acute AOSD than in HC, and significantly decreased in remission AOSD. The absolute number of NK cells and IFN-γ–expressing NK cells revealed an inverse correlation with serum ferritin levels in acute AOSD. In 2 distinct subsets of NK cells, CD56dimNK cells significantly exhibited higher IFN-γ expression than CD56brightNK cells in acute AOSD.

Conclusion.

In acute AOSD, NK cells displayed lower proportion, whereas they had higher ability for IFN-γ production than in HC; moreover, upregulation of IL-12 and IL-15 receptors on NK cells may promote IFN-γ production. In addition, disease activity may be implicated in regulating the number of NK cells and IFN-γ–expressing NK cells in AOSD.
Sur l’intercorporéité et l’interanimalité Merleau-Ponty et la chair primordiale
Authors: Boccali Renato
Published: February 2019

La philosophie de Merleau-Ponty est traversée par un questionnement constant du rapport entre nature et logos. Mais c’est seulement dans les cours des années 1956-1960 consacrés à la Nature que le rapport homme-animal trouve une articulation spécifique à l’intérieur d’un projet plus général d’esthésiologie ontologique. Merleau-Ponty montre que le corps esthésiologique est en relation d’intercorporéité avec la vie animale, selon un modèle de projection, d’introjection et de réinvestissement, qui exprime l’« étrange parenté » révélée par la configuration morphogénétique du vivant. En faisant donc appel à ces cours, j’essaierai de montrer le rôle central de la question de l’interanimalité en vue d’une ontologie de la vie, phénoménologiquement orientée.
Le jeu et la vie animale : la distinction du monde et du milieu au regard d’un comportement limite
Authors: Champlois Garance
Published: February 2019

La distinction entre le monde et le milieu, bien davantage que la distinction entre l’âme et le corps, l’esprit et la machine, est centrale quand nous pensons la différence entre l’homme et l’animal. Cette distinction, si elle a bien une valeur heuristique jusqu’à un certain point, n’entraine-t-elle pas cependant des confusions, des raccourcis, qui obscurcissent toute une partie inexplorée de la vie animale ? Comment s’attaquer à un tel topos de la littérature sur le vivant, pour tâcher, non de le remettre radicalement en question, mais de le nuancer, de l’affiner, afin de saisir en quoi la distinction du monde et du milieu est en réalité bien plus poreuse qu’il n’y paraît ? C’est par l’étude phénoménologique – c’est-à-dire avant tout descriptive – d’un comportement spécifique, le jeu, que nous espérons faire apparaître les limites de cette distinction, et rendre possible une étude de la vie animale caractérisée comme virtuelle ; la notion même de virtuel s’en voit alors approfondie, car l’étude du jeu animal nous invite à la penser non plus dans des termes simplement psychologiques, mais à travers sa relation avec le corps. L’animal qui joue nous invite à penser un milieu virtuel, ouvert par ce que nous pourrions appeler un symbolisme du corps.
La téléologie cachée dans la pensée biologique d’Uexküll
Authors: Duicu Dragos
Published: February 2019

L’article analyse les conséquences de l’adoption par Uexküll, dans sa conception de la vie animale, d’une vue transcendantaliste et subjectiviste qui est elle-même une réaction à l’objectivisme irréfléchi dominant la biologie au début du xx e  siècle. Le résultat – cohérent mais surprenant – de cette surenchère du subjectivisme est la présence, chez Uexküll, d’une téléologie immanentiste, celle du plan éternel de la nature, dans lequel se trouvent prescrites et harmonisées les interactions des différents milieux monadiques des vivants.
Quantification of Retinal Nonperfusion Associated With Posterior Segment Neovascularization in Diabetic Retinopathy Using Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography
Authors: Baxter Sally L. , Ashir Aria , Nguyen Brian J. , Nudleman Eric
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To quantify the size and location of nonperfusion associated with posterior segment neovascularization (NV) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Cross-sectional study of 18 eyes with PDR. The total image area, areas of nonperfusion, buds of posterior segment neovascularization (either neovascularization of the disc or elsewhere), and the distances from each bud to the nearest area of nonperfusion and to the disc were measured.

RESULTS:

Nonperfused areas with associated neovascularization were significantly larger than areas without neovascularization (32.0% ± 5.24% of the retinal image vs. 3.3% ± 0.92%;
P
< .001) and were more likely to be posteriorly located. Nonperfusion encompassing greater than 23% of the total angiographic image had more associated neovascular buds (9.64 ± 2.16 vs. 0.86 ± 0.29;
P
< .0001), which were closer to the disc (7.53 mm ± 0.27 mm vs. 9.24 mm ± 0.64 mm;
P
= .014).

CONCLUSION:

A threshold size of nonperfusion greater than 23% of the retinal image is associated with posterior segment neovascularization and may serve as an indicator of risk for the development of PDR.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:86–92.]
The underside of arabic panegyric: Ibn Quzmān's (unfinished?) «Zajal no. 84»
Authors: Monroe James T.
Published: February 2019

El zéjel n.° 84 de Ibn Quzmān se ha considerado hasta ahora como un poema inacabado, al que le falta la sección final de panegírico, debido a un supuesto accidente en la transmisión del manuscrito. Según esta teoría, el poema ha llegado incompleto a nuestros días. Este artículo, a través del análisis de algunas de sus características temáticas sobresalientes, estrechamente relacionadas y que muestran una estructura compleja y cuidadosamente organizada, pretende mostrar que existen fuertes razones para sugerir que el zéjel n.° 84 no está inacabado, sino que se compuso omitiendo, de forma deliberada, la parte final que se espera encontrar usualmente en un panegírico árabe. Se sugiere a continuación que este recurso fue adoptado por el poeta para estimular, en el oyente/lector, la aparición de unas consideraciones de tipo teológico, filosófico y moral a través de una obra que, superficialmente, parece ser tan sólo de carácter bufonesco y sin preocupación social alguna. Finalmente, el artículo intenta explorar el valor literario del poema y el extraordinario mérito de su autor.
Lenition in the mozarabic dialects: A reappraisal
Authors: Hanlon David
Published: February 2019

El propósito de este estudio no es defender ni negar la sonorización de las /-t-/ y /-k-/ latinas en los dialectos mozárabes, sino proponer que, siendo difícil fijar el valor fonológico de las grafías ṭā’ y qāf en los varios registros del árabe andalusí, su uso no prueba la sonorización de dichas consonantes ni su conservación como sordas.
El árabe «faḥṣ» en la toponimia española
Authors: Oliver Pérez Dolores
Published: February 2019

En este artículo examinamos un alto número de topónimos que proceden del étimo árabe faḥṣ. Algunos corresponden a vocablos simples, como son, por ejemplo, Alfás y Haza; en otros, el resultado romance de faḥṣ aparece como primero o segundo elemento de vocablos compuestos, cual es el caso de Fazhaliy Moratalaz Con este trabajo pretendemos explicar el origen y significados de algunos topónimos hispanos y al mismo tiempo tratamos de corroborar la tesis previamente expuesta de que el nombre común haza procede del árabe faḥṣ 'campo' y no del latín fascia 'banda, tira'.
Eclipses y cometas en el Rawḍ al-qirṭās
Authors: Rius Mónica
Published: February 2019

Las fuentes históricas ofrecen un material nada despreciable sobre fenómenos meteorológicos y astronómicos y el Rawḍ al-qirṭās de Ibn Abī Zar‛ (s. XIV) es un buen ejemplo de ello. En el artículo se transcribe el texto árabe de acuerdo con la edición de Rabat 1976, a continuación se ofrece la traducción de Huici Miranda y por último se comenta la noticia. Una vez verificados (con la ayuda de programas informáticos de astronomía) los datos que aporta la obra relativos a eclipses y «cometas » sobresalen dos fenómenos: el primero y más significativo es la observación de la supernova (catalogada como un cometa) del año 1006 AD. Esta misma noticia ofrece la novedad, dentro de la tradición astronómica árabe, de que el autor atribuya, basándose en las observaciones de los antiguos, un carácter cíclico a los cometas. El segundo evento destacable es la aurora boreal observada, posiblemente, en Córdoba en el siglo IX. Finalmente, la datación exacta de los eclipses permite corregir algunas fechas erróneas del texto árabe cuyos manuscritos difieren bastante entre sí.
Tres villas fortalezas islámicas en la provincia de Jaén. Segura de la Sierra, Iznatoraz y Santiesteban del Puerto
Authors: Pavón Maldonado Baselio
Published: February 2019

Estudio (investigación arqueológica o arquitectónica) de tres villas de la provincia de Jaén de ascendencia árabe, nacidas bajo la protección de encumbradas fortalezas (ḥiṣn): Segura de la Sierra, Iznatoraz y Santiesteban, la primera ya mencionada en el siglo XI y la tercera en el X. Iznatoraz no es mencionada en las crónicas árabes, si bien el topónimo es de ese origen. El estudio incluye la arquitectura mudejar de los siglos XIII y XIV añadida al castillo de Segura de la Sierra por obra de los Arzobispos de Toledo, dueños de la amplia tierra de la vecina Cazorla, constituida por esos prelados en «Adelantamiento de Cazorla», frente a las incursiones de almohades y nazaríes.
El patio del Vergel del Real Monasterio de Santa Clara de Tordesillas y la Alhambra de Granada. Reflexiones para su estudio
Authors: Ruiz Souza Juan Carlos
Published: February 2019

El presente trabajo muestra un posible e inmediato ejemplo precursor del Patio de los Leones de la Alhambra de Granada. El monasterio de Santa Clara de Tordesillas (Valladolid) fue un importante palacio construido por el rey de Castilla Pedro I (1350-1369) en la década de los cincuenta del siglo xiv. En su interior existía un patio con pabellones adelantados de su eje principal. Al poco tiempo, Muhammad V (1354-1359, 1362-1391), amigo del rey castellano, erigió después de 1362 el Palacio y el Patio de Los Leones de la Alhambra. Mientras que en Tordesillas se dispuso una alberca en su centro, en Granada se optó por la solución del patio de crucero. La fórmula de los pabellones desplegada en el palacio de Pedro I tuvo que tomarse de los lavabos monumentales de los monasterios cistercienses cercanos. Gracias a las buenas relaciones existentes entre los dos monarcas, la solución pudo ser llevada de Tordesillas a Granada por artistas que estuvieran trabajando para los dos reinos.
Reflexiones sobre catálogos y catalogación de manuscritos árabes
Authors: Torres Santo Domingo Nuria
Published: February 2019

El presente estudio se basa en las colecciones de los manuscritos árabes que se conservan actualmente en España. Para ello se hace un análisis de las colecciones existentes. A continuación se lleva a cabo un estudio de los catálogos e inventarios aparecidos, desde los primeros en el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad, deteniéndose en los más destacados. La segunda parte del estudio se centra en la técnica del análisis documental, que engloba los trabajos de catalogación y descripción bibliográfica. Se repasa la normativa vigente, para terminar con reflexiones personales de los datos que deben aparecer en los catálogos y cómo deben aparecer.
Les études de paléographie des écritures livresques arabes: quelques observations
Authors: Déroche François
Published: February 2019

En 1898, Francisco Codera hacía un severo examen crítico del estado de la paleografía de la escritura árabe libresca, proponiendo no obstante los medios necesarios para hacer avanzar esta disciplina. Un siglo después, los progresos realizados parecen ser escasos. ¿A qué puede deberse esta situación? Diríase que la propia historia de la paleografía puede explicar las dificultades a que se ha enfrentado. Para el futuro, una gran parte del programa esbozado en 1898 sigue estando de actualidad. Conviene, asimismo, iniciar una reflexión sobre los métodos analíticos aplicables a la escritura árabe. Sobre algunos puntos concretos, se proponen en este artículo ejemplos que pueden servir de base a una discusión más amplia.
Remarques sur le déchiffrement des manuscrits mozarabes
Authors: Urvoy Marie Thérèse
Published: February 2019

La lectura de los manuscritos árabes de al-Andalus presenta aspectos específicos por el hecho de su pequeño número, de su tipo de escritura y de sus vínculos con textos latinos
An appeal of the Moriscos to the Mamluk sultan and its counterpart to the Ottoman court: Textual analysis, context, and wider historical background
Authors: Van Koningsveld P. S. , Wiegers G. A.
Published: February 2019

Este artículo tiene por objeto dar una versión diferente y más breve del poema que contiene una demanda morisca de ayuda al Imperio Otomano, poema estudiado por James Monroe en Al-Andalus XXXI (1966), 281-303. Esta versión indica que había habido otra demanda similar por parte de los moriscos al sultán mameluco de El Cairo, y que ésta era la original. El artículo contiene: 1) un análisis comparativo de las versiones de la casida dirigidas a los mamelucos y a los otomanos, 2) el marco histórico de las relaciones entre los reinos cristianos y musulmanes de la Península Ibérica por un lado y los territorios mameluco y otomano por otro, y 3) una discusión de la fecha de las dos versiones de la casida (comienzos de 1500 y primera mitad de 1501, respecfivamente), así como su autoría. Parece probable que el autor de la casida perteneciera a círculos de musulmanes granadinos que habían formado parte de las clases dirigentes de Granada y que luego habían aceptado puestos en la administración cristiana de la ciudad, como son, por ejemplo, varios miembros de la familia al-Baqannī (el Pequeñí en las fuentes cristianas), algunos de los cuales habían emigrado con Ibn al-Azraq al Norte de África, pero regresaron para integrarse en los grupos dirigentes mudéjares.
Procedural law between traditionists, jurists and judges: the problem of yamīn ma' al-Shāhid
Authors: Masud Muhammad Khalid
Published: February 2019

Los estudios modernos sobre derecho islámico han puesto de relieve la necesidad de estudiar los procedimientos jurídicos en el Islam y el papel desempeñado por la práctica judicial en su formación. Se considera en general que, en el período temprano, los cadíes disponían de mayor libertad en lo relativo a testigos y métodos para establecer pruebas. Posteriormente y de forma gradual el sistema se volvió más rígido y restrictivo. En relación a este desarrollo, los investigadores han propuesto distintas fechas, que van desde la segunda mitad del siglo VII (Tyan) hasta el siglo VIII (Schacht, Dannhauer) e incluso hasta el siglo XI (Coulson). Estos investigadores han tratado la doctrina de al-yamīn ma‛ al-šàhid (juramento con un testigo) como una excepción dentro del procedimiento establecido por la šarī‛a que, según ellos, se basaba estricta y mecánicamente en la doctrina de los dos testigos. Para dichos investigadores, la doctrina de al-yamīn ma‛ al-šàhid surgió bajo la influencia de determinadas locadidades (Egipto según Schacht o Medina según Dannhauer) o bien por influencia judía (P. Crone). Este artículo propone que esa doctrina debió de surgir en el contexto del período de la guerra civil (o período del taḥkīm), cuando las cuestiones sobre qiṣāṣ, qawad, qasāma y ḥakam fueron discutidas con frecuencia en relación con el Corán y la sunna común y cuando se sintió la necesidad de reformar la institución del ḥakam. Sobre la base de afirmaciones dispersas de ulemas que vivieron en fechas cercanas a ese período, afirmaciones que se ven confirmadas por los comentarios de Wakī‛, se concluye que Mu‛āwiya fue quien introdujo ese método para reformar la institución del ḥakam. La práctica judicial de esta doctrina también confirma que estaba demasiado difundida como para poder considerarla una práctica medinense o una práctica local, tal y como pretenden algunos juristas clásicos, los tradicionistas y algunos investigadores modernos.
Qāḍīs communicating: legal change and the law of documentary evidence
Authors: Hallaq Wael B.
Published: February 2019

El estudio de dos formularios notariales del siglo vii/xiii, uno sirio y el otro andalusí, muestra que el discurso sobre las modalidades de comunicación escrita preceptuadas para los jueces (kitāb al-qāḍi ilà al-qāḍi) refleja una estrecha relación entre la doctrina y la realidad de la práctica legal. Uno de los aspectos de esta relación es el cambio que tuvo que experimentar la doctrina discursiva bajo la presión de las prácticas judiciales cotidianas.
Sobre la estructura convencional del título en los libros árabes
Authors: Carmona Alfonso
Published: February 2019

La mayoría de los títulos de libros árabes de época pre-modema muestran una estructura bipartita o bimembre, generalmente rimada, en la que las dos partes tienen, también por lo general, significación completa e independiente. Esta estructura tradicional es ignorada por aquellos que traducen la segunda parte como una extensión de la primera. En el artículo se señala también que la razón de esa división en dos mitades es dotar al libro de un título breve, de connotaciones positivas y fácil de memorizar, contenido en la primera mitad, y luego un subtítulo (que constituye la segunda parte) que exprese realmente la materia del libro.
De Almanzor a Felipe II: la inscripción del Puente de Alcántara de Toledo (387/997-998) y su curiosa historia
Authors: Rodríguez M.ª José , Souto Juan Antonio
Published: February 2019

Este artículo trata de una inscripción constructiva omeya andalusí del año 387/4 enero 997-2 enero 998, hoy perdida, pero transmitida a través de un resumen castellano incluido en una lápida de 1259 «reparada» en 1575. Se intenta la restitución del texto árabe original y se estudian los hechos y los personajes documentados.
New data on an old manuscript: An Andalusian version of the work entitled Futūḥ al-Shām
Authors: Landau-Tasseron Ella
Published: February 2019

The anonymous manuscript XCIII of the Gayangos collection is a compilation consisting of parts of two works: Futūh al-Shām by (ps.) al-Wāqidī, and an unnamed work by Abū ‛Umar al-Ṭalamankī. A close examination of the text reveals that Ṭalamankī's «compilation» was not an original work by him, but a transmission of the controversial text by Abū Ismā‛īl al-Azdī, also entitled Futūḥ al-Shām. Azdī's work was considered by many scholars as a fraud of the Crusaders' time. Its transmission by Talamankī, who died decades before the first Crusade, settles the controversy once and for all: Azdī's work is early. Other newly discovered quotations from Azdī support this conclusion. The garbled isnāds in the anonymous manuscript were investigated. Their upper (older) links turned out to be accurately matching the isnāds in Azdī's work. The latter were investigated too, and most of the hitherto obscure links in them were identified. The manuscript text was collated with the extant, published versions of Azdī's Futūh al-Shām, revealing countless minor variations, which proves that Azdī's work was transmitted in more than one version (riwāya). The collation of the texts, coupled with an analysis of the methodologies apparent in the manuscript, unveil some processes relating to the making of texts.
The individual's experience as it applies to the community: An examination of six dream narrations dealing with the Islamic understanding of Death
Authors: Kinberg Leah
Published: February 2019

The present article treats the Islamic understanding of death through the examination of six dream narrations. Classical Islam gave special emphasis to dreams, a fact that may explain the central role dreams played in the deciphering of the enigma of death and dying: Through narrations of dreams that deal with day to day events, related in a most unsophisticated way, major questions concerning the process of dying and the nature of the afterworld are examined. Although each dream refers to an individual case and the answers supplied by the deceased are presented as drawn from private experiences, the message is directed to the whole community. While focusing on the edifying nature of the messages delivered, this article shows how the private anecdotes turned into a means of conveying the spirit of the community and, at the same time, establishing the communal spirit.
L’évolution des industries en matières dures animales de l’âge du Bronze en Italie du Nord, à partir de l’étude des sites de Isera La Torretta, Molina di Ledro et Fiavé Carera en Trentin
Authors: Bazzanella Marta
Published: February 2019

L’âge du Bronze en Italie du Nord se caractérise par la présence de deux phénomènes culturels : celui des sites de milieu humide de la culture de Polada, dans la région du lac de Garde, et celui des Terramare, les villages quadrangulaires fortifiés sur pilotis, qui occupent la vallée centrale du Pô. D’un point de vue chronologique, les villages de la culture de Polada se rapportent à l’âge du Bronze ancien et moyen, tandis que les Terramare se développent entre le Bronze moyen et le Bronze récent. Les habitats de cette période se sont mis en place dans des milieux humides, ce qui a permis la conservation optimale des industries en matières dures animales qui, bien que connues, ont souvent été très peu étudiées sous l’angle de leur évolution technologique et fonctionnelle. Le présent article traite de l’évolution techno-typologique des industries de l’âge du Bronze sur la base des données des sites Isera La Torretta, Molina di Ledro et Fiavé Carera du Trentin Haut-Adige en Italie du Nord.