bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outbreak investigation of food poisoning attributed to Omphalotus japonicus using polymerase chain reaction‐based sequencing
Authors: Ting Man‐Ju , Lin Cheng‐Lu , Chen Hsiang‐Ling , Chou San Fang , Jaw Fu‐Shan , Tsai Kuang‐ Chau , Hsieh Chien‐Chieh
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aims to report and analyse an outbreak of Omphalotus japonicus poisoning following mushroom ingestion in Taiwan, and to employ PCR methods for accurate identification of the toxic mushrooms involved.

Methods

A descriptive observational study was conducted involving a family of four who ingested the mushrooms in the mountainous rural area of Yilan County, Taiwan. Data were collected through interviews with the affected individuals and a review of their medical records. Due to the destruction of the mushroom samples, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods were utilized for identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from the raw fruiting bodies, and specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were designed for PCR detection.

Results

Three family members (mother, daughter, and son) experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea, approximately 30 min after consuming the mushrooms. Upon admission to the emergency room, they were hydrated and monitored, with laboratory results showing slightly elevated alanine transaminase levels. The affected individuals recovered within 12 h and were discharged in good condition on day 2. PCR analysis of the mushroom sample confirmed the identification of Omphalotus japonicus, known to produce Illudin S and Illudin M, which cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms. This case represents the first documentation of using PCR‐based sequencing to diagnose Omphalotus japonicus poisoning in the English literature.
Recognition of Diabetic Retinopathy Grades Based on Data Augmentation and Attention Mechanisms
Authors: Li Xueri , Wen Li , Du Fanyu , Yang Lei , Wu Jianfang
Published: October 2024

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of vision loss. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent vision loss. Deep learning has been making great strides in the field of medical image processing and can be used as an aid for medical practitioners. However, unbalanced datasets, sparse focal areas, small differences between adjacent disease grades, and varied manifestations of the same grade disease challenge deep learning model training. Generalization performance and robustness are inadequate. To address the problem of unbalanced sample numbers between classes in the dataset, this work proposes using VQ‐VAE for reconstructing affine transformed images to enrich and balance the dataset. Test results show the model's average reconstruction error is 0.0001, and the mean structural similarity between reconstructed and original images is 0.967. This proves reconstructed images differ from originals yet belong to the same category, expanding and diversifying the dataset. Addressing the issues of focal area sparsity and disease grade disparity, this work utilizes ResNeXt50 as the backbone network and constructs diverse attention networks by modifying the network structure and embedding different attention modules. Experiments demonstrate that the convolutional attention network outperforms ResNeXt50 in terms of Precision, Sensitivity, Specificity, F1 Score, Quadratic Weighted Kappa Coefficient, Accuracy, and robustness against Salt and Pepper noise, Gaussian noise, and gradient perturbation. Finally, the heat maps of each model recognizing the fundus image were plotted using the Grad‐CAM method. The heat maps show that the attentional network is more effective than the non‐attentional network ResNeXt50 at attending to the fundus image.
What matters most to the perception of community resilience in Romania?
Authors: Druică Elena , Vâlsan Călin , Aligică Dragoș‐Paul
Published: October 2024

We aim to measure and explain the perception of community resilience in Romania. We use survey data from a country‐representative sample of 1500 respondents. We rely on factor‐based partial least squares path modeling to measure five reflective latent constructs from a CCRAM‐type questionnaire. We use these constructs to extract a second‐order formative latent construct representing an overall measure of community resilience. Next, we use three sub‐dimensions of family resilience, along with individual resilience and several control variables to explain community resilience. Among the five sub‐dimensions of the overall measure of community resilience, social trust exerts the highest contribution, followed by place attachment. The predictors of community resilience with the largest effect sizes are the three sub‐dimensions of family resilience. The policies geared towards increasing community resilience might not be able to address the most important factors, at least in the case of Romania, because they pertain to informal group interaction, and lie outside the reach of formal administrative authority.
Soil lead, zinc, and copper in two urban forests as influenced by highway proximity
Authors: Foroughi Maryam , Weil Raymond R.
Published: October 2024

Heavy metals emitted by vehicles have the potential to accumulate in soil near roadways, threatening the health of soil, plants, animals, and humans. This study evaluates Pb, Zn, and Cu levels in forest O‐horizons, mineral soil, and earthworms near busy roadways in the metro‐Washington, DC area. The study sites comprised road‐edge environments within urban parks. Six transects were sampled in each park, collecting mineral soil at 1‐ to 30‐m distances from the road edge and dividing it into eight depth increments (0–30 cm). O‐horizon plant litter and earthworm samples were also collected at these locations. All samples underwent total Pb, Zn, and Cu X‐ray fluorescence analysis. Generally, Pb concentrations (in upper 0–10 cm) were 1–4.8 times higher at 3 m compared to 30 m from the road, with less consistent gradients for Zn and Cu. Concentrations peaked near the soil surface, with lower levels in the O‐horizon above and deeper soil layers. Leaded vehicle fuel was phased out by the early 1980s, but legacy Pb contamination persisted in roadside forests, averaging 365 mg kg−1 in the upper 10 cm within 3 m of the roadway (< EPA action level of 1200 mg kg−1 for non‐play areas). Zinc, often present in vehicle tires, accumulated in earthworms to 192–592 mg kg−1, concentrations exceeding those in the soil, while Pb and Cu were less concentrated in earthworms than in either O‐horizon or mineral soil. Factors such as plant uptake, erosion, wind, soil texture, and metal solubility influence how heavy metals redistribute and bioaccumulate in the O‐horizon, mineral soil, and soil fauna.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Platte River/High Plains Aquifer
Authors: Freidenreich Ariel , Schmer Marty R. , Khorchani Makki , Birru Girma , Jin Virginia L. , Awada Tala , Drijber Rhae A. , Suyker Andrew , Córdova S. Carolina , Smith Tyler , Kettler Tim , Christofferson Sandra , Sun Xiangmin , Li Lidong
Published: October 2024

The Platte River/High Plains Aquifer (PR/HPA) region is characterized by cropland, pastures, and grasslands that are faced with changing climatic conditions and agricultural intensification. The PR/HPA Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site is located in Eastern Nebraska with the goal of improving resilience, sustainability, and profitability of agroecosystems through enhancing ecosystem services and environmental quality, developing strategies for efficient agricultural production, and mitigating and adapting to climate change. To meet this goal, a common experiment and five ancillary experiments have been developed to evaluate prevailing regional practices in grain crop production systems compared to alternative practices in rainfed and irrigated systems. These experiments reflect different geographic regions and cropping systems within PR/HPA. The common experiment is at a plot scale under sub‐drip irrigation. The prevailing practice is a corn–soybean rotation with a fixed N fertilizer rate. The alternative practice is a corn‐winter wheat‐relay cropped soybean rotation with temporally variable N rates using fertigation. There is also an auxiliary alternative practice, a corn–soybean rotation with temporally variable N rates using fertigation with fall manure application after soybean harvest. This document describes the regional characteristics, cropland LTAR experiments, stakeholder engagement, and future plans for the PR/HPA cropland experiments.
Complex Brain Morphology Discovered in the Shark Parasite Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha)
Authors: Biserova Natalia M. , Margarit Anna A.
Published: October 2024

The ultrastructure of the nervous system has been studied in sexually mature Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the intestine of a shark Lamna ditropis. The central nervous system (CNS) reveals a complex organization within cestodes and corresponds to the trypanorhynch pattern of brain architecture. The brain of N. surmenicola is differentiated into nine clearly defined lobes and semicircular, median, and X‐shaped cruciate commissures. A specific feature is the presence of a powerful extracellular capsule that surrounds the brain lobes with the cortical glial cells. Moreover, the architecture of the anterior lobes clearly distinguishes the species of Tentacularioidea. The neurons of the anterior lobes form compact groups looking like frontal horns. There are approximately 120 neurons in the anterior lobes and a preliminary estimate of more than 300 perikarya in the brain. Several ultrastructural types of neurons have been identified, differing in the size and shape of the soma, the density of the cytoplasm, and the ultrastructure of synaptic vesicles. Numerous synapses involving clear and electron‐dense vesicles have been observed in neuropils. Two types of glial cells have been found in the brain that participate in neuronal metabolism and wrap around the giant axons, brain lobes, neuropil compartments, and the main nerve cords. Such a powerful extracellular fibrillar brain capsule has not been observed in the brain of other studied cestodes and has been demonstrated in this study for the first time. The differentiation of the brain lobes reveals the important role of the rhyncheal system in the evolution of cestodes and correlates with their behavior. The anterior nerves arising from the anterior lobes innervate the radial muscles stabilizing the position of the tentacle sheaths and movements of the attachment organs. The nervous system anatomy and the brain architecture may reflect the morphofunctional aspects of the tapeworm evolution.
Assessment of Endoscopic Ultrasound for Predicting Preoperative T Staging in Patients With Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yu‐Chih , Liao Yi‐Jun , Lin Wan‐Tzu , Liao Szu‐Chia , Chen Yi‐Ju , Wu Cheng‐Chung , Wu Feng‐Hsu
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an imaging modality that can be applied to predict preoperative T staging. It is important for the patient to decide whether to receive endoscopic therapy, surgical intervention, or neoadjuvant therapy. The objectives of our study were to (1) identify if EUS could precisely predict T1‐stage tumor, which is suitable for endoscopic treatment and (2) identify if EUS could precisely predict tumors more advanced than T3, which would mandate neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients who received gastrectomy was conducted from March 2017 to December 2021 at Taichung Veterans General Hospital. Those who received preoperative EUS, with final pathology showing gastric adenocarcinoma were included. Consistency of EUS prediction and pathology, accuracy, and parameters impacting accuracy were analyzed.

Results

The κ value was 0.6 if the T stage was not grouped, indicating moderate agreement. Overall accuracy was 52.8%. Overestimation and underestimation rates were 17.6% and 29.5%, respectively. The accuracy of T stages is highest in T1 (85.23%). The κ value of T1‐stage was 0.67, and those of T2, T3, and T4 were below 0.5. Regarding parameters affecting accuracy, we found longitudinal portion, Borrmann type, ulcer presentation, early gastric cancer, and size of tumor could influence the accuracy.

Conclusions

Our study showed that EUS was a good tool for precisely predicting T1‐stage of gastric adenocarcinoma preoperatively. For this situation, endoscopic treatment would be enough. However, for predicting more advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, EUS should be combined with other modalities to achieve better accuracy.
Reference Ranges and Z‐Score Equations for 19 Fetal Cardiac Biometry Structures From 18 to 34 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Vieira Márcio Fragoso , Bravo‐Valenzuela Nathalie Jeanne , Carvalho Francisco Herlânio Costa , da Rocha Amorim Luciane Alves , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: October 2024

Objective

To determine equations for calculating the Z‐scores of fetal cardiac structures between 18+0 and 34+6 weeks of gestation, create percentile reference tables and curves for the structures, and assess the intra‐ and inter‐observer reproducibility of the measurements.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 340 normal fetuses from singleton pregnancies between 18 and 34 weeks of gestational age (GA). Nineteen cardiac structures were evaluated: diameters of the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valve annuli; length, diameter, and area of the left and right ventricles; cardiac area and circumference; and diameters of the ascending aorta, aortic isthmus, main pulmonary artery, right pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery, and ductus arteriosus. Regression analysis was performed to determine the equations for the mean and standard deviation of all structures using GA, biparietal diameter (BPD), and femur length (FL) as independent variables.

Results

All equations had high coefficients of determination (R2). The best performance was achieved using the GA (R2 .819–.944), followed by FL (R2 .813–.937) and BPD (R2 .792–.934). The structure that demonstrated the highest R2 was the cardiac circumference and the smallest was the ductus arteriosus. Reference tables of percentiles 1, 5, 10, 50, 90, 95, and 99, and reference curves of Z‐scores were created for all 19 cardiac structures, depending on the GA. All measurements demonstrated good and excellent reproducibility with an inter‐observer intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.774–0.972 and intra‐observer ICC of 0.938–0.993.

Conclusions

Equations were produced to calculate Z‐scores as well as percentile tables and curves for 19 fetal heart structures. All the measurements demonstrated good reproducibility.
Viscosity Characteristics of Ideal Lubricants to Reduce Stress on Intestinal Mucosa During Balloon‐Assisted Enteroscopy
Authors: Yamauchi Katsuma , Hirose Ryohei , Ikegaya Hiroshi , Mukai Hiroki , Miyazaki Hajime , Watanabe Naoto , Yoshida Takuma , Bandou Risa , Inoue Ken , Dohi Osamu , Yoshida Naohisa , Nakaya Takaaki , Itoh Yoshito
Published: October 2024

Balloon‐assisted enteroscopy (BAE) is highly invasive and carries a higher risk of complications such as pain and perforation during enteroscope insertion. Applying lubricants to the small intestinal mucosa and reducing the dynamic friction coefficient (DFC) between the small intestinal mucosa and endoscopic shaft (ES) (or overtube (OT)) can minimize the invasiveness of BAE. However, the ideal viscosity characteristics of these lubricants remain unknown. In this study, a model is developed to measure the DFC using human small intestines from forensic autopsies and determine the ideal viscosity of low‐friction lubricants that exhibit a minimal DFC, thus reducing the pressure on the intestinal lining during the procedure. The results reveal that the DFC is strongly correlated to the lubricant's viscosity rather than its chemical composition. Low‐friction lubricants with viscosities within 0.20–0.32 and 0.35–0.58 Pa·s (at shear rates of 10 s−1) for the OT and ES, respectively, can significantly reduce the DFC, yielding optimal results. These findings highlight the role of viscosity in minimizing the friction between the equipment and small intestinal mucosa. The ideal low‐friction lubricants satisfying the aforementioned viscosity ranges can minimize the invasiveness of BAE by decreasing the friction between the equipment and intestinal lining.
Two‐sided estimates of Lebesque constants for Hölder spaces
Authors: Berezhnoi Evgenii I.
Published: October 2024

A two‐sided estimate of Lebesgue constants is proposed for the Hölder space , constructed from the modulus of continuity of the th order calculated in the symmetric space . Choosing different function spaces , we obtain new criteria for the convergence of classical Fourier series.
Optimization of laser powder bed fusion process parameter for the fabrication of AlSi12 using NSGA‐II and Pareto search algorithm
Authors: Balla S. K. , Konki R. K. , Manjaiah M. , Joshi A.
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing, notably laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), excels in producing complex geometries and is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and naval industries. Laser powder bed fusion enables the creation of components with the required stiffness and strength at a lighter weight than traditional manufacturing methods. Aluminium alloys are particularly promising for laser powder bed fusion in the automotive and aerospace sectors. To enhance the effectiveness of laser powder bed fusion‐produced components, optimized process parameters must be designed for specific materials. This study investigates the influence of processing parameters, scan speed, scan strategy, and hatch space, on the relative density, surface roughness, and microhardness of AlSi12 samples fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. A Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was used to systematically analyze the effects of these parameters. A regression model was developed and evaluated through analysis of variance using signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios to identify optimal parameter values. Results indicated that the scan pattern significantly affects relative density, while hatch space impacts surface roughness and microhardness. Optimal solutions were obtained through multi‐objective optimization using the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) and Pareto search algorithms. Experimental validation showed average errors of 0.483 % and 0.461 % for NSGA‐II and Pareto search algorithms, respectively.
FAM20C Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Lin Bangyi , Jiang Xuejuan , Bhandari Adheesh , Chen Qi , Pan Yin
Published: October 2024

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the prevailing malignancy that impacts the endocrine system, accounting for 1% of all recently diagnosed malignancies in humans. The incidence of TC has been continuously increasing, which can be attributed to advancements in clinical diagnostic technology. However, the mechanisms behind the development of TC are still not well understood. TC is classified into four pathological forms: medullary thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer, and poorly differentiated TC. PTC constitutes more than 80% of all TC cases globally. Current research indicates that complex genetic and cellular processes could be responsible for the growth and spread of TC. Next‐generation sequencing (RNA‐seq) of 79 PTC samples and their corresponding normal thyroid tissues was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of PTC. An analysis of RNA‐seq data from a local cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that, compared with normal tissues, PTC tissues presented elevated FAM20C expression levels. In vitro, the function of FAM20C was validated with small interfering RNA (siRNA). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the pathways influenced by FAM20C. A western blot experiment was used to investigate protein expression levels associated with epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, by regulating EMT, FAM20C facilitates PTC cell proliferation and metastasis.
Leibniz rule for the high q‐derivatives of a quotient of two functions
Authors: Rajković Predrag M. , Rakić Dragan S. , Marinkovic Sladjana D.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we introduce some explicit and recursive formulas for the
th
‐derivative of a quotient of two functions. We establish the connections between linear algebra, the homomorphisms between commutative algebras and the properties of
‐differential operator. One of the formulas involves the determinant of the functions and their
‐derivatives. Then, we show that the formulas in the classical mathematical analysis are their special cases. Finally, we used formulas to obtain some interesting
‐identities.
A control theoretic approach to evaluate and inform ecological momentary interventions
Authors: Fechtelpeter Janik , Rauschenberg Christian , Jalalabadi Hamidreza , Boecking Benjamin , van Amelsvoort Therese , Reininghaus Ulrich , Durstewitz Daniel , Koppe Georgia
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Ecological momentary interventions (EMI) are digital mobile health interventions administered in an individual's daily life to improve mental health by tailoring intervention components to person and context. Experience sampling via ecological momentary assessments (EMA) furthermore provides dynamic contextual information on an individual's mental health state. We propose a personalized data‐driven generic framework to select and evaluate EMI based on EMA.

Methods

We analyze EMA/EMI time‐series from 10 individuals, published in a previous study. The EMA consist of multivariate psychological Likert scales. The EMI are mental health trainings presented on a smartphone. We model EMA as linear dynamical systems (DS) and EMI as perturbations. Using concepts from network control theory, we propose and evaluate three personalized data‐driven intervention delivery strategies. Moreover, we study putative change mechanisms in response to interventions.

Results

We identify promising intervention delivery strategies that outperform empirical strategies in simulation. We pinpoint interventions with a high positive impact on the network, at low energetic costs. Although mechanisms differ between individuals ‐ demanding personalized solutions ‐ the proposed strategies are generic and applicable to various real‐world settings.

Conclusions

Combined with knowledge from mental health experts, DS and control algorithms may provide powerful data‐driven and personalized intervention delivery and evaluation strategies.
Two‐parametric prescan calibration of gradient‐induced sampling errors for rosette MRI
Authors: Latta Peter , Jiřík Radovan , Vitouš Jiří , Macíček Ondřej , Vojtíšek Lubomír , Rektor Ivan , Standara Michal , Křístek Jan , Starčuk Zenon
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a simple, robust, and easy‐to‐use calibration procedure for correcting misalignments in rosette MRI k‐space sampling, with the objective of producing images with minimal artifacts.

Methods

Quick automatic calibration scans were proposed for the beginning of the measurement to collect information on the time course of the rosette acquisition trajectory. A two‐parameter model was devised to match the measured time‐varying readout gradient delays and approximate the actual rosette sampling trajectory. The proposed calibration approach was implemented, and performance assessment was conducted on both phantoms and human subjects.

Results

The fidelity of phantom and in vivo images exhibited significant improvement compared with uncorrected rosette data. The two‐parameter calibration approach also demonstrated enhanced precision and reliability, as evidenced by quantitative relaxometry analyses.

Conclusion

Adequate correction of data sampling is a crucial step in rosette MRI. The presented experimental results underscore the robustness, ease of implementation, and suitability for routine experimental use of the proposed two‐parameter rosette trajectory calibration approach.
Constitutive description of snow at finite strains by the modified cam‐clay model and an implicit gradient damage formulation
Authors: Moeineddin Ahmad , Platen Jakob , Kaliske Michael
Published: October 2024

Snow, characterized as a unique granular and low‐density material, exhibits intricate behavior influenced by the proximity to its melting point and its three‐phase composition. This composition entails a structured ice skeleton surrounded by voids filled with air and spread with liquid water. Mechanically, snow experiences dynamic transformations, including bonding/degradation between its grains, significant inelastic deformations, and a distinct rate sensitivity. Given snow's varied structures and mechanical strengths in natural settings, a comprehensive constitutive model is necessary. Our study introduces a pioneering formulation grounded on the modified Cam‐Clay model, extended to finite strains. This formulation is further enriched by an implicit gradient damage modeling, creating a synergistic blend that offers a detailed representation of snow behavior. The versatility of the framework is emphasized through the careful calibration of damage parameters. Such calibration allows the model to adeptly capture the effects of diverse strain rates, particularly at high magnitudes, highlighting its adaptability in replicating snow's unique mechanical responses across various conditions. Upon calibration against established experimental benchmarks, the model demonstrates a suitable alignment with observed behavior, underscoring its potential as a comprehensive tool for understanding and modeling snow behavior with precision and depth.
Translabyrinthine versus Retrosigmoid Approach for Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review and An Updated Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gibbon Frederico L. , Lindner Rafaela J. , Vial Antônio D. M. , da Silva Guilherme G. , Palavani Lucca B. , Semione Gabriel , Worm Paulo V. , Isolan Gustavo R. , da Silva Vagner A. R. , Bento Ricardo F. , Friedman Rick A. , Lavinsky Joel
Published: October 2024

Objective

Several approaches can be used in the surgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS), and the best approach remains uncertain in the literature. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to compare the translabyrinthine approach (TLA) with the retrosigmoid approach (RSA) for VS in terms of postoperative complications.

Data Sources

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane.

Review Methods

The primary outcome was cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak; secondary outcomes were facial nerve dysfunction (FND), length of stay (LOS), and meningitis. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio 2024.04.1 + 748. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. We performed sensitivity analysis with subgroup analysis and meta‐regression. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS‐I.

Results

Out of 1140 potential articles, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Among the 4572 patients, 2687 and 1885 patients in the TLA and RSA groups, respectively. No significant differences were found in CSF leak (odds ratio [OR] 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81,1.32; P = .794) or meningitis (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.45, 2.43; P = .73). Meta‐regression showed no association with CSF leak and the number of cases per center or publication year. The TLA is associated with a shorter LOS (MD −1.20; 95% CI −1.39, −1.01; P < .01) and a higher chance of having and HB 4 or lower compared to patients who underwent RSA (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.10, 0.89; P = .03).

Conclusion

There was no difference in the odds of CSF leak or meningitis between the groups. In addition, the TLA has a shorter LOS and a higher chance of a better facial nerve outcome compared to the RSA.
Clinical Applications and Outcomes of the Supraclavicular Osteocutaneous Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Tanjapatkul Rungkit , Raktasuvarna Nithi , Jirawatnotai Supasid , Voravitvet Tsz Yin , Sriswadpong Papat
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the clinical applications of the supraclavicular osteocutaneous (SOC) flap in complex head and neck reconstruction and its impact on shoulder function following clavicle resection.

Study Design

Case series with a planned chart review.

Setting

Single‐institution tertiary care center.

Methods

We reviewed patients with complex mandibular and maxillary defects who underwent SOC flap reconstruction from 2016 to 2020. We detailed flap harvesting techniques, patient characteristics, diagnoses, defect sites, bone dimensions, skin paddle size, vascular supply, and donor site management. Complications and outcomes were also documented.

Results

The study included 7 patients with diverse clinical conditions and diagnoses. Reconstruction techniques varied, leading to different clavicle thicknesses and skin paddle sizes. Two cases had flap necrosis due to infection, and 1 experienced chronic shoulder discomfort following partial‐thickness clavicle flap surgery. Full‐thickness clavicle harvesting resulted in better outcomes and simplified the procedure. Notably, there were no significant long‐term complications affecting shoulder function.

Conclusion

The SOC flap is a promising option for complex head and neck reconstruction, adaptable to specific case requirements and providing reliable vascular supply. It offers favorable clinical outcomes both functionally and aesthetically. Full‐thickness clavicle harvesting, with joint preservation, effectively maintains shoulder function.
The Impact of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Structural, Mechanical, Thermal, and Optoelectronic Characteristics of the RbV3Sb5 Kagome Compound: Ab initio Approach
Authors: Mondal Prianka , Islam Md. Raihan , Khanom Mst. Shamima , Ahmed Farid
Published: October 2024

We studied the RbV3Sb5 kagome compound's structural, mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties. Mulliken and Hirshfeld population analysis found ionic and covalent connections in RbV3Sb5. The Born stability criterion shows that pure RbV3Sb5 is mechanically stable. The precise measurement of 3.96 indicates that our sample has higher machinability at 20 GPa. Low anticipated hardness of RbV3Sb5 suggests it can be used as a soft solid lubricant. Hardness ratings rise with pressure, however there are exceptions. Pressure causes large nonmonotonic changes in RbV3Sb5′s anisotropic characteristics. A comparable 20 GPa Zener anisotropic value, RbV3Sb5 has the highest. The structure's projected Debye temperature at 0 GPa is 284.39 K, indicating softness. Dispersion curves with negative frequencies suggest ground state structural dynamical instability. The structure has no negative‐energy phonon branches under 10 GPa stress. From band structure and density of state analysis, the structure behaves metallically under hydrostatic pressure. Also, the structure has maximal ultra‐violet conductivity and absorption. The absorption coefficient, conductivity, and loss function plots show uniform patterns at all pressures. As pressure rises, these graphs’ peaks blue shift.
Cover Image, Volume 33, Issue 9
Authors: Lane Samantha , Lynn Elizabeth , Shakir Saad
Published: October 2024

The cover image is based on the article Quantitative Measurement of the Direct Public Health Impact of Medicines Withdrawals in Europe: Development of a Modelling Method and Proof‐of‐Concept Study to Estimate the Morbidity and Mortality Prevented by Regulatory Action by Samantha Lane et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.70003.

image
Efficacy and tolerance of intravenous methylprednisolone pulses in children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring respiratory support
Authors: Reynaud Josseline , Dreyfus Lélia , Coutier Laurianne , Butin Marine , Godbert Isabelle , Baudin Florent , Horvat Côme , Reix Philippe
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects premature babies and contributes to their morbidity. French BPD guidelines suggest the use of intravenous methylprednisolone pulses (IVMP) for those who require respiratory support (RS) following 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). However, there is scant data on the efficacy and tolerance for this indication. Our objectives were to assess the efficacy and tolerance of IVMP in patients with severe BPD requiring RS.

Study and Design

This retrospective observational study included preterm infants (<32 weeks gestational age) treated by IVMP between January 2016 and March 2021, in a single tertiary care hospital. The primary endpoint was signified by changes in the Pulmonary Severity Score (PSS). Our secondary endpoints were changes in RS and the tolerance of IVMP.

Results

Data of 14 children with BPD under RS were reviewed. Their median [IQR] gestational age at birth was (26[26–29.5] weeks). After IVMP administration, the PSS did not improve significantly from baseline day 0 (D0) (0.85[0.55–1.15]) to D7 (0.74 [0.48–1.00]) or Month 1 (1.02 [0.57–1.48]). Three children (21%) experienced a decrease in RS in the following month of IVMP. There was no negative short‐term impact on growth. Five infants presented infectious complications. The development quotient was measured in 5 children at 2 years of age.

Conclusion

In our study, IVMP did not improve PSS and it was associated with a high number of infections. Other studies are needed to better define the place of IVMP in these infants.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in children
Authors: Lim A. Y. L. , Ratjen F.
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare abnormalities observed mainly in children with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). A majority of patients are asymptomatic at the time of detection. However, complications such as hypoxemia, stroke, cerebral abscess and massive hemoptysis can arise if larger PAVMs remain untreated. Larger PAVMs are usually managed successfully with embolization, although reperfusion of PAVMs have been reported post procedure. Early screening for PAVMs is recommended in asymptomatic children with HHT or those at risk for HHT. Longer term surveillance is also essential, to enable timely identification and management of PAVMs.
Demographic Variance in COVID‐19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Reproductive‐Aged Females During the First Year of the Vaccine Rollout
Authors: Gilani Sonia K. , Butler Leah N. , Shamshuddin Nabiha , Stoskute Monika , Orlando Vanessa , Barry Cecelia , Class Quetzal A. , Ganti Amitha K.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Initial COVID‐19 vaccine trials excluded pregnant individuals, making eventual vaccine recommendations nongeneralizable. After noninferiority was established, the CDC, WHO, and ACOG supported vaccination of this group. However, only 31% of pregnant people accepted vaccination. This study aims to assess COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy in a diverse cohort of reproductive‐aged females.

Methods

We used a validated WHO vaccine hesitancy survey tool, modified to address the COVID‐19 vaccine specifically. From August to November 2021, people capable of pregnancy aged 18–50 years were recruited from inpatient and outpatient OB/GYN services at a large, urban, academic centre in the Midwestern United States. The responses were collected anonymously and analysed using Kruskal–Wallis H and Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results

Fifty‐one of sixty participants partially or fully completed the survey. Black individuals were more vaccine‐hesitant in general than Hispanic and White individuals (H[2] = 11.179, p < 0.01), and they were more hesitant toward the COVID‐19 vaccine specifically (H[2] = 9.396, p < 0.01). Pregnant people were less confident that the COVID‐19 vaccine was safe overall (H[2] = 11.473, p < 0.005) compared to those recently pregnant or not pregnant. Individuals not using contraception reported being significantly less confident in the safety of the COVID‐19 vaccine (U = 96.500, p < 0.05). Individuals who declined the flu vaccine were more likely to be COVID‐19 vaccine‐hesitant (U = 79.500, p < 0.001). Participants' age and occupation were not associated with vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion

Vaccine hesitancy particularly among some demographic groups highlights the need to study the underlying factors contributing to a lack of confidence in the safety of the COVID‐19 vaccine.

Synopsis

Our validated survey‐based study found that Black participants capable of pregnancy were the most vaccine‐hesitant, highlighting a missed opportunity to care for these individuals.
A Highly Sensitive and Selective Iron Ion Fluorescent Probe for Water‐Soluble Pillar[5]Arene
Authors: Tian Xia , Han Jianrong , Li Wei , Yuan Wei , Li Yuting , Wang Yupeng , Wang Chengbin , Su Wei , Liu Shouxin
Published: October 2024

A novel d‐gluconamide‐functionalized water‐soluble pillar[5]arene (GWP5) was synthesized through a simple synthetic route. GWP5 showed a remarkable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) with increasing concentration. This feature served as the basis for the construction of an AIE‐based sensor for fluorescence detection of Fe3+ with high sensitivity and selectivity, with a linear relationship between luminescence quenching and Fe3+ concentration observed from 0 to 20 µM, and a limit of detection of 7.84 × 10−9 M. This fluorescent probe could be applied to the detection of Fe3+ ions in real environmental water samples and in serum samples.
Harmonizing QSAR Machine Learning‐Based Models and Docking Approaches for Identifying Novel Histone Deacetylase 2 Inhibitors
Authors: Tung Dao Quang , Dung Do Thi Mai , Cong Nguyen Thanh , Hai Dao Ngoc Nam , Baecker Daniel , Ngo Son Tung , Dung Phan Thi Phuong , Thuan Nguyen Thi , Nam Nguyen Hai , An Nguyen Ngoc
Published: October 2024

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have gained widespread application in constructing computational models for predicting the bioactivity and physicochemical properties of numerous compounds, notably HDAC inhibitors. In this work, 2801 unique compounds with confirmed bioassays on HDAC2 were collected and employed to train ML models to virtually screening and possibly design potential inhibitors for HDAC2. A meticulous 3‐step procedure was first proposed to ensure the hits are within the application domain of the screening models. Through virtual screening of 91 million compounds, 59 structures were suggested by the four highest predictability models as potential HDAC2 inhibitors. The bioactivity of these compounds is further confirmed through a validated docking protocol, wherein 57 out of the 59 active hits proposed by the four models exhibited superior affinity with HDAC2 compared to vorinostat, with docking scores ranging from −10.74 to −7.06 kcal/mol. Lead optimization strategies were then implemented on the top‐performing compound from the molecular docking scores, CID 122648337, enhancing its binding affinity and interactions within the HDAC2 active site. This optimization led to the creation of two novel lead compounds, demonstrating higher affinity to HDAC2 than the initial hits. The stability of lead compounds in the active site was confirmed via MD simulations.
Enhanced Electromechanical Properties of Nitrile Rubber Dielectric Elastomer Composites by SrTiO3‐PPy‐PCPA Multilayer Core‐Shell Hybrids Construction
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Ruan Mengnan , Li Bo , Cao Weixue , Sun Yuxin , Ruan Ke , Liu Zhifeng
Published: October 2024

In order to obtain high dielectric properties nitrile rubber (NBR) dielectric elastomer composites, in this work, polypyrrole (PPy) was encapsulated on the surface of SrTiO3 (STO) ceramic particles, and an insulating layer of poly (catechol/polyamine) (PCPA) was also covered on the outer surface of the STO‐PPy core‐shell particles (denoted as STO‐PPy‐PCPA particles), then the dielectric elastomer composites were prepared by adding STO and STO‐PPy‐PCPA to NBR, respectively. Due to the electrical conductivity of PPy, the dielectric constant of the STO‐PPy‐PCPA particles increases substantially. At the same time, the insulating layer of PCPA further prevents current leakage from the composite, which not only avoids premature electrical breakdown but also effectively reduces the dielectric loss. Compared with pure NBR, the dielectric constant of the prepared dielectric elastomer composites increased from 13 to 17.19 (20 phr STO‐PPy‐PCPA/NBR), and the actuated strain increased from 3.28 % to 13.86 % (5 phr STO‐PPy‐PCPA/NBR), which is 4.2 times that of pure NBR. This work successfully solves the current problems of requiring a large amount of ceramics to improve the dielectric constant and the tendency of conductive particles to agglomerate and premature breakdown.
Design of New Benzimidazole‐Indazole Derivatives as Potential FLT3 Inhibitors Using 3D‐QSAR, ADMET, Molecular Docking, MM‐GBSA, and Molecular Dynamics Studies
Authors: Haloui Rachid , Ballari Amine , Errebbane Mustapha , Mkhayar Khaoula , ElKhattabi Kaouakeb , Abbouchi Abdelmoula El , Kazzouli Saïd El , Chtita Samir , Haoudi Amal , Elkhattabi Souad
Published: October 2024

In this work, we performed a 3D‐QSAR study on a dataset of benzimidazole‐indazole‐derived molecules reported as FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study led to the design of six new molecules with better FLT3 inhibitory activity than the reference inhibitor (gilteritinib) and the synthesized template molecule (M20). The designed molecules are screened for their drug‐like and ADMET proprieties. The obtained results enabled us to select three molecules as the best candidate FLT3 inhibitors. Molecular docking and MM‐GBSA calculations show that the three molecules are more localized and targeted in the FLT3 active site compared to gilteritinib and M20 molecules. Through molecular dynamics simulations, the insertion of the three designed molecules in the FLT3 active site leads to stable complexes during the simulation period. Finally, the three newly designed molecules represent an interesting proposal for the development of drugs against AML.
Optimization of Magnetite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia: Correlation with Physicochemical Properties and Cation Distribution
Authors: Patel Nadiya N. , Khot Vishwajeet M. , Patil Raghunath S.
Published: October 2024

The present study reveals the synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) by varying the molar ratio of ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) ions via chemical coprecipitation method for the study of cationic distribution of Fe‐ions and its potential application for magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT). X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were used to characterize the physicochemical properties. Several structural parameters were estimated using the Rietveld refinement, resulting in structural modelling verified by magnetic characteristics. A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) assessed the magnetic hysteresis loop at room temperature in a field range of ±15 kOe, revealing superparamagnetic behavior for the ratio Fe2+/Fe3+ 1:2. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of IONPs increased with the increasing Fe2+ concentration and attained a maximum value of 60.21 emu g−1 at a molar ratio of 2:1. The potential of the inductive heating capability of IONPs in an alternating current magnetic field (AMF) was studied to treat localized MHT. The changes in magnetic properties and inductive heating properties of IONPs are associated with the cationic distribution of Fe2+ at the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites of crystal structure. The variation in cationic properties at the A and B sites may result in varying/tuneable magnetic properties, affecting the overall heating profiles of hyperthermia.
Fabrication of Nitrogen Functionalized Carbon Nanofiber Nanocomposite Using Activated Carbon Derived from Lantana Camara for the Electrochemical Detection of Ofloxacin
Authors: Sahil  , Bharati Jaryal Vishal , Singh Dilbag , Gupta Neeraj
Published: October 2024

Efforts to mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with the antibiotic ofloxacin necessitate innovative methodologies for its detection. The cost of expensive carbon materials like carbon nanofibers can be reduced by making their hybrids with biomass‐derived carbon materials. In this context, a nitrogen‐functionalized carbon nanofiber‐based nanocomposite (N‐LN‐CNF), incorporating activated carbon derived from Lantana Camara, was fabricated for the detection of ofloxacin. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses confirmed the presence of nitrogen functionalities in the N‐LN‐CNF. The surface and internal morphology were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The material was tested as an electrochemical sensor for ofloxacin detection. A linear response for ofloxacin was observed in the range of 2 μM to 43 μM for N‐LN‐CNF/GCE via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.92 μM. The interaction between the fabricated electrode and the analyte is a combination of diffusion and adsorption‐controlled processes. This metal‐free sensor offers a sustainable approach for detecting ofloxacin in water and pharmaceutical preparations.
A New Manganese Complex for Nano‐molar Recognition of AsO2−Ion via Turn‐ON Fluorescence: DFT Studies, and Catecholase Like Activity of the Complex
Authors: Chatterjee Sudeshna , Khanra Somnath , Mukherjee Pallabi , Mukherjee Sukriti , Das Debasis
Published: October 2024

A new manganese complex (M3) selectively recognizes arsenite (AsO2−) ion at nano‐molar level. The recognition event is attributed to hydrogen bond assisted chelation enhanced fluorescence that inhibits photo induced electron transfer (PET) process. The structure of the M3 is confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The association constant and lowest detection limit for AsO2−are 0.057×102 M−1 and 21.38 nM respectively. The M3 catalyzes the catechol oxidation reaction, the turnover number for which is 1.84×104 h−1. DFT studies substantiate their interaction in terms of spectroscopic properties.
Encapsulation of Cu/Fe3O4 With RT‐COF‐1 for Improved Stability in Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Ren Mengxiang , Tan Ruifan , Mou Xiaoling , Liu Qiying , Lin Ronghe , Ding Yunjie
Published: October 2024

Stability is crucial for the practical application of heterogeneous catalysts, particularly in industrial processes, where catalyst deactivation often occurs due to factors such as sintering, poisoning, and active site degradation. This study investigates the effectiveness of utilizing covalent organic frameworks (COFs), specifically RT‐COF‐1, to enhance the stability of Cu/Fe3O4 catalysts in harsh water–gas shift (WGS) reaction environments. By encapsulating Cu/Fe3O4 with trace RT‐COF‐1, we aimed to preserve the structural integrity and active interfaces between the metal components during catalytic reactions. Characterization techniques, including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption, and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, confirmed the successful COF coating and its role in preventing particle aggregation and maintaining active site structures over extended catalytic tests. Notably, Cu/Fe3O4@COF demonstrated significantly enhanced stability during a continuous 24‐h WGS test compared to uncoated catalysts, which exhibited rapid deactivation. Mechanistic insights indicated that COF coating reduced the number of active sites while preserving the overall morphology of the catalyst, contributing to its robust performance. Ultimately, this work highlights the potential of COF encapsulation as an effective strategy for enhancing the durability and efficacy of multifunctional catalysts in challenging reaction conditions.