bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Biodegradability of Treated Sewage Samples Using Synchronous Fluorescence Spectra
Authors: Lai Tien M. , Shin Jae-Ki , Hur Jin
Published: July 2011

Synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS) and the first derivative spectra of the influent versus the effluent wastewater samples were compared and the use of fluorescence indices is suggested as a means to estimate the biodegradability of the effluent wastewater. Three distinct peaks were identified from the SFS of the effluent wastewater samples. Protein-like fluorescence (PLF) was reduced, whereas fulvic and/or humic-like fluorescence (HLF) were enhanced, suggesting that the two fluorescence characteristics may represent biodegradable and refractory components, respectively. Five fluorescence indices were selected for the biodegradability estimation based on the spectral features changing from the influent to the effluent. Among the selected indices, the relative distribution of PLF to the total fluorescence area of SFS (Index II) exhibited the highest correlation coefficient with total organic carbon (TOC)-based biodegradability, which was even higher than those obtained with the traditional oxygen demand-based parameters. A multiple regression analysis using Index II and the area ratio of PLF to HLF (Index III) demonstrated the enhancement of the correlations from 0.558 to 0.711 for TOC-based biodegradability. The multiple regression equation finally obtained was 0.148 ´ Index II − 4.964 ´ Index III − 0.001 and 0.046 ´ Index II − 1.128 ´ Index III + 0.026. The fluorescence indices proposed here are expected to be utilized for successful development of real-time monitoring using a simple fluorescence sensing device for the biodegradability of treated sewage.
Deployment of Distributed Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Pilloni Virginia , Atzori Luigi
Published: July 2011

The increase in computation and sensing capabilities as well as in battery duration of commercially availableWireless Sensors Network (WSN) nodes are making the paradigm of an horizontal ambient intelligence infrastructure feasible. Accordingly, the sensing, computing and communicating infrastructure is set with a programmable middleware that allows for quickly deploying different applications running on top of it so as to follow the changing ambient needs. In this scenario, we face the problem of setting up the desired application in complex scenarios with hundreds of nodes, which consists of identifying which actions should be performed by each of the nodes so as to satisfy the ambient needs while minimizing the application impact on the infrastructure battery lifetime. Accordingly, we approach the problem by considering every possible decomposition of the application’s sensing and computing operations into tasks to be assigned to each infrastructure component. The contribution of energy consumption due to the performance of each task is then considered to compute a cost function, allowing us to evaluate the viability of each deployment solution. Simulation results show that our framework results in considerable energy conservation with respect to sink-oriented or cluster-oriented deployment approaches, particularly for networks with high node densities, non-uniform energy consumption and initial energy, and complex actions.
Sex at Sea: Sexual Crimes Aboard Cruise Ships
Authors: Klein Ross A. , Poulston Jill
Published: July 2011

Incidents of sexual assault and sexual victimization are significantly more common on cruise ships than on land. Analysis of data from three major cruise lines, comprising more than 50% of the North American-based cruise industry, reveals that perpetrators are most often male crewmembers,
victims are most often female passengers (over 17.5% younger than age 18), and that the assaults occur almost anywhere, though most frequently in passenger cabins. This article examines factors that may be related to the incidence of sexual assaults on cruise ships and concludes with a discussion
of the steps cruise lines can take to address the problem.
Family Physicians' Perceptions of Pharmacy Adaptation Services in British Columbia
Authors: Henrich Natalie , Joshi Pamela , Grindrod Kelly , Lynd Larry , Marra Carlo
Published: July 2011

Background:

In 2008, the BC provincial government introduced legislation that enabled pharmacists to adapt prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions, attitudes and practices of family physicians as they relate to pharmacy adaptation services.

Methods:

Focus groups and interviews were conducted with physicians in 4 of the 5 regional health authorities of BC (Fraser, Interior, Vancouver Coastal and Vancouver Island) and transcripts were thematically coded and analyzed.

Results:

Forty physicians participated in the 4 focus groups and 4 physicians participated in supplementary interviews. Physicians perceived 6 key concerns arising from the initiative: compromised patient monitoring, physician liability, physician burden, pharmacists' ability to make appropriate adaptations, conflicts of interest and impact on physician-pharmacist relationships. Physicians also believed that communication about the adaptation initiative was inadequate and that they were not sufficiently included in its development.

Interpretation:

Most of the participating physicians had received very few, if any, prescription adaptations; hence their concerns about the potential impact of such adaptations are mostly speculative. They also indicated a lack of information concerning the details of the initiative and the scope of what pharmacists are permitted to adapt. However, whether or not their perceptions are accurate, physicians' beliefs about prescription adaptations will affect their acceptance of the initiative and thus their concerns need to be addressed.

Conclusions:

Physicians are essential stakeholders in the prescribing process. To ensure that physicians support pharmacy adaptation services, their concerns should be addressed in the adaptation guidelines and efforts should be made to include them in discussions and provide them with detailed communications.
An Exploration of Pharmacist Preceptors' and Pharmacy Students' Experiences at an Interprofessional Student-Run Clinic
Authors: Guirguis Lisa , Sidhu Kiran
Published: July 2011

Background:

This study examines pharmacist preceptors' and pharmacy students' experiences at an interprofessional student-run clinic: Student Health Initiative for the Needs of Edmonton (SHINE). On Saturday afternoons, students and preceptors from medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, social work and nutrition work together to care for adolescents and young adults from Edmonton inner city areas.

Methods:

Pharmacist preceptors and pharmacy students were invited to participate in open-ended interviews to explore their experiences at the SHINE clinic. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to identify themes in the transcribed interviews.

Results:

Three pharmacist preceptors and 3 pharmacy students were interviewed. Three themes arose: dynamic team roles, interprofessional role understanding and personal benefits. Preceptors' and students' interprofessional contributions varied based on the stage of the patient care process. Benefits of the SHINE clinic experience included enhancing preceptor skills, interprofessional relationships and confidence working in teams.

Discussion:

The optimal model of interprofessional practice varies at the SHINE clinic. The appropriate intensity of collaboration throughout the care process should be explored. Pharmacy students appeared to have greater comfort levels when working in a traditional pharmacy role, but preceptor role models helped to push those boundaries. The SHINE clinic provides a rare community experience through which both preceptors and students can build relationships with other health care professionals and confidence practising in teams.

Conclusion:

This study helps us better understand the dynamic role and contributions of pharmacy students in an interprofessional student-run clinic. The SHINE clinic provided a beneficial experience, where preceptors and students could learn with, from and about each other while caring for a vulnerable population. The findings provide insight into student-driven interprofessional education and provide guidance for further exploration.
« Je » dangereux et processus psychiques à l'œuvre dans les pratiques dangereuses
Authors: Romano Hélène
Published: July 2011

Résumé Dans le quotidien des enfants et des adolescents, des conduites particulières peuvent être repérées : les « jeux » d’asphyxie, les « jeux » d’agression et les « jeux » de mort. Nous proposons, à la lumière de notre expérience régulière auprès de jeunes impliqués dans ce type de conduites, une réflexion quant aux processus psychiques à l’œuvre. Dans une première partie nous présenterons ces différents « jeux » et les fréquentes confusions avec d’autres types d’activités ; puis nous décrirons l’atteinte des processus de pensée et de relation d’objet qu’elles impliquent.
David Le Breton : Sur les massacres perpétrés par des adolescents dans leur école
Authors: Le Breton David
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les jeunes tueurs des établissements scolaires sont loin de répondre à un style psychologique commun, les uns sont décrits comme sociables, d’autres comme solitaires. Certains vivent dans des familles unies, d’autres dans des familles divorcées ou séparées. Un ensemble de traits sociologiques les rassemble : l’accomplissement d’un rite de virilité quand plus rien d’autre ne les valorise, l’impossibilité de s’identifier aux autres, une haine farouche qui leur tient lieu d’affiliation au monde.
coupure, peinture au sang, regard du thérapeute
Authors: Laget Jacques
Published: July 2011

Résumé Au cours d’une séance de psychothérapie, Benoît, quinze ans, demande s’il peut faire une peinture de son sang – peinture qu’il réalise ensuite chez lui et décrit à la séance suivante : les yeux d’Horus, qu’il a trouvé sur Internet. Il présente une dépression sévère et des projets de suicide, il se scarifie, la fragilité narcissique est massive et la problématique identitaire au premier plan. Benoît revendique sa dépression, dit sa fascination pour ses cicatrices et ses scarifications, il assimile son besoin de voir couler son sang à une dépendance à une drogue. Il veut se couper, il en a besoin, il se sent exister. Les liens du sang, devenus sanglants ici, l’unissent étroitement à sa sœur jumelle. Il dit qu’il ne souffre pas quand il se coupe, Il subit dans l’adversité, il s’éprouve et paradoxalement s’endurcit... La douleur le renforce et par là même renforce les limites du Moi et le Moi. Il traite ainsi sa trop grande sensibilité, trait rapporté de son enfance, signe pour lui de faiblesse et de passivité... qu’on oppose à la violence, la puissance et la force qu’il ressent dans ses comportements auto-agressifs. Regards : le sien sur son sang et sa peinture... La place du regard, des regards, les yeux d’Horus, regard intérieur de Benoît sur son sang qui coule, ses cicatrices, cherchant à s’approprier un corps et un psychisme qui changent et le menacent. Regard de ses parents qui souffrent, il le sait, sidérés, ils paniquent au début, mais leurs regards évoluent. Regard du thérapeute sur sa peinture, sa création « adolescente », et reprise du mythe dans la thérapie. Le thérapeute, la psychothérapie des attaques du corps rétablissent du visuel, en répondant à la sollicitation du regard, dans le cadre d’un échange associant création et représentation, ouverture au sens.
Groupes thérapeutiques d'adolescents en état limite
Authors: Baldini Tito , Biondo Daniele
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les auteurs présentent leurs expériences avec les adolescents en état limite , une forme particulière de souffrance des adolescents. Le travail avec les adolescents en état limite en référence aux principaux concepts analytiques des groupes contribue – selon les auteurs – à rendre actif la capacité de faire des représentations et à les lier les unes aux autres en restituant aux sujets la dignité de personnes pensant et rêvant. Les auteurs présentent deux situations cliniques qui décrivent des groupes environnementaux – les communautés de type familial et les « Centri di Aggregazione Giovanile » [centres socio-éducatifs spécialisés dans l’accueil des pré-adolescents, des adolescents et des jeunes adultes] – dans lesquels ils ont eu la chance de partager une méthode d’intervention psychanalytiquement orientée aux groupes, qui leur a permis de s’engager et de soigner les adolescents en état limite pour lesquels toute intervention de psychothérapie psychanalytique classique n’aurait pu être appliquée ou aurait eu un résultat défaillant. La présence d’une situation de groupe étendu permet aux adolescents en état limite de faire l’expérience d’une contention mentale des angoisses. En se mouvant dans une dimension interpsychique, le groupe psychodynamiquement orienté crée l’espace transitionnel où les adolescents difficiles couvrent et intègrent la distance entre eux et le milieu, entre l’espace psychique interne et l’espace psychique élargi du groupe.
L'aventure de la bâtardise critique : rupture, filiation et mise en abyme dans Les Faux-monnayeurs
Authors: Lacroix Michel
Published: July 2011

Résumé Notre article examine le glissement progressif, opéré dans Les Fauxmonnayeurs , de l’héroïsation de la bâtardise et de l’aventure, vers une autre conception, plus critique, qui intègre rupture et filiation. Or, par le biais d’un jeu d’équivalence, ce double mouvement de valorisation et de critique de la rupture est reportée sur la figure du romancier, puis sur le roman lui-même, qui se fait roman impur, roman critique, bien plus que « pur roman », comme le conçoit une partie de la critique gidienne. Cette pensée et pratique du roman font de ce genre l’école de la rupture, de la recherche des règles, en même temps qu’un lieu où développer une pensée sur l’homme, sur la genèse des valeurs.
Les romans d'André Pieyre de Mandiargues : le rôle du corps dans l'élaboration onirique
Authors: Ternisien Cæcilia
Published: July 2011

Résumé La Motocyclette (1963) et La Marge (1967) d’André Pieyre de Mandiargues permettent de saisir le rôle imparti au corps dans la genèse de l’espace imaginaire et textuel du roman. À l’origine des représentations et des symboles dans les deux œuvres, les images du corps mettent en lumière des confusions perceptives fondamentales entre animé et inanimé, dedans et dehors, espace réel et espace imaginaire. Le courant narratif romanesque semble permettre la réorganisation de la pulsion des corps cryptes des personnages.
De l'autobiographie à sa réception : quand les lecteurs prennent la plume
Authors: Strasser Anne
Published: July 2011

Résumé La réception de l’autobiographie a été étudiée à travers deux ouvrages, Je vous écris d’Annie Duperey (1993) et La Vie sauve de Marie Desplechin et Lydie Violet (2005), où les auteurs ont publié des lettres que leur avaient écrites les lecteurs. Le contenu de ces lettres s’est révélé étroitement lié aux spécificités du genre autobiographique et le processus de lecture décrit très proche du processus d’écriture. Pour le lecteur comme pour l’auteur, la recherche d’un sens à donner à son existence, la quête de sa propre identité et d’une forme de fraternité priment sur la fidélité du récit à la vie vécue.
François Mitterrand, architecte de la Grande Europe : le projet de Confédération européenne (1990-1991)
Authors: Musitelli Jean
Published: July 2011

Résumé Le 9 novembre 1989, le Mur de Berlin, symbole de la coupure de l’Europe en deux blocs hostiles, est abattu. Un vent de liberté souffle sur les pays d’Europe de l’Est encore soumis au joug idéologique et militaire soviétique. Le 31 décembre, François Mitterrand lance son projet de Confédération. Pressentant que l’Europe s’apprête à vivre une mutation radicale, il dessine la perspective d’une organisation paneuropéenne de dialogue politique et de coopération. En juin 1991, le projet débouche sur les Assises de Prague, organisées avec Vaclav Havel. Cette réunion n’aura pas la suite espérée. À l’été 1991, la guerre éclate en Yougoslavie, Gorbatchev est ébranlé par le putsch de Moscou et la communauté européenne donne la priorité au renforcement de sa cohésion sur l’élargissement. La Confédération restera un grand dessein inabouti.
El debate sobre el omnivorismo cultural. Una aproximación a nuevas tendencias en Sociología del Consumo
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Carlos Jesús , Heikkilä Riie
Published: August 2011

En las últimas décadas uno de los debates más interesantes en el campo de la sociología del consumo ha sido la cuestión del omnivorismo cultural, planteada generalmente como una crítica a la teoría de la distinción establecida por bourdieu en sus trabajos más clásicos. Frente a la idea de diferenciación y jerarquización de los estilos de vida basada en la adquisición de capital cultural que enunciaba este autor, los defensores del omnivorismo cultural defienden por el contrario que los gustos legítimos de las nuevas clases dominantes se caracterizan, en la actualidad, por un amplio abanico de preferencias culturales, con gustos que se extienden desde las artes más refinadas a las manifestaciones propias de subculturas populares. El objetivo de este artículo es el de realizar un repaso de la teoría del omnivorismo cultural, prestando atención a las líneas principales del debate que ha generado y las principales críticas que ha suscitado.
Massive recurring angiomyxoma of the scrotum in a obese man
Authors: Rocco Francesco , Cozzi Gabriele , Spinelli Matteo Giulio , Rocco Bernardo Maria , Albo Giancarlo , Finkelberg Elisabetta , Oliva Isabella , Fontanella Paolo , Varisco Daniela , Moneghini Laura , Talso Michele , Palumbo Carlotta
Published: July 2011

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare mesenchymal benign myxoid tumor, characterized by locally infiltrative nature and high recurrence rate. AAM occurs almost exclusively in adult females, arising from the soft tissue of the pelvic region: to our knowledge, only 43 cases occurring in men have been reported. We report a case of massive recurrence of scrotal AAM in a 46-year-old obese man, who already underwent surgery for the same disease in 2004 and 2005. The mass had a circumference of 106 cm and weighted 30 kg. It was impossible to appreciate the testes and to find the penis. The patient underwent scrotal resection, bilateral orchidopexia and transposition of the penis, by means of a preputial flap. Residual scrotal skin was modeled in order to create a neoscrotum, where the testes were placed and secured with interrupted sutures. Histologic examination showed diffuse angiomyxoma-like lipomatosis. After three months, the patient presented with local relapse which also involved the external urethral orifice.
Modelling the Molecular Transportation of Subcutaneously Injected Salubrinal
Authors: Chen Andy , Zhang Ping , Duan Zhiyao , Wang Guofeng , Yokota Hiroki
Published: July 2011

For the subcutaneous administration of a chemical agent (salubrinal), we constructed a mathematical model of molecule transportation and subsequently evaluated the kinetics of diffusion, convection, and molecular turnover. Salubrinal is a potential therapeutic agent that can reduce cellular damage and death. The understanding of its temporal profiles in local tissue as well as in a whole body is important to develop a proper strategy for its administration. Here, the diffusion and convection kinetics was formulated using partial and ordinary differential equations in one- and three-dimensional (semi-spherical) coordinates. Several key parameters including an injection velocity, a diffusion coefficient, thickness of subcutaneous tissue, and a permeability factor at the tissue-blood boundary were estimated from experimental data in rats. With reference to analytical solutions in a simplified model without convection, numerical solutions revealed that the diffusion coefficient and thickness of subcutaneous tissue determined the timing of the peak concentration in the plasma, and its magnitude was dictated by the permeability factor. Furthermore, the initial velocity, induced by needle injection, elevated an immediate transport of salubrinal at t < 1h. The described analysis with a combination of partial and ordinary differential equations contributes to the prediction of local and systemic effects and the understanding of the transportation mechanism of salubrinal and other agents.
Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nair Binu S. , Bhanderi Vipul , Jafri Syed H.
Published: July 2011

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a very aggressive cancer with poor outcome if left untreated, but it is also one of the most chemotherapy responsive cancers. Overall it has a very poor prognosis especially if it is chemotherapy resistant to first line treatment. Second line chemotherapy has not been very beneficial in SCLC as opposed to breast cancer and lymphoma. In the last few years topotecan is the only drug that has been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the second line treatment of SCLC but in Japan another drug, amrubicin is approved. There are many combinations of different chemotherapies available in moderate to high intensity, in this difficult to treat patient to overcome the chemo resistance, but many of these studies are small or phase II trials. In this article we have reviewed single agent and multidrug regimens that were studied in both chemo sensitive and refractory setting, including the most recent clinical trials.
Soil quality as affected by amendments in bean-potato rotations
Authors: Moulin A. , Buckley K. , Volkmar K.
Published: July 2011

Moulin, A. P., Buckley, K. E. and Volkmar, K. 2011. Soil quality as affected by amendments in pinto bean-potato rotations. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 533–542. The potential for adverse effects on soil quality and erosion in pinto bean–potato rotations is significant due to low levels of residue input to the soil following potatoes or beans, and the effect of tillage on soil structure, particularly in sandy-textured soils typical of the potato-growing area of Manitoba. Soil quality is reduced by low inputs of residue and carbon commensurate with an increase in the proportion of small and unstable aggregates susceptible to erosion. Furthermore N and P concentrations at the soil surface may be affected by various management options including fall cover crops, application of straw and the use of composted manure. In a study conducted at Carberry, MB, from 2000 to 2006, KCl-extractible NO3-N and Olsen P were determined in the fall prior to seeding in each year of the study. Water-soluble P, determined in the fall of 2005 for selected treatments, increased with application of compost. Soil organic C, total N and the proportion of erodible (<0.5-mm diameter) aggregates and stability of aggregates were measured in 2006 for treatments with fall-applied compost, cereal straw, and spring-applied anionic polyacrylamide (PAM). The proportion of erodible aggregates and aggregate stability were not consistently affected by treatment. Application of PAM did not affect stability of wet-sieved aggregates (1.3 to 2.0 mm), but decreased the proportion of small aggregates (<0.5 mm) in 2002. Soil C in the 0– to 5-cm depth increment increased with fall application of composted beef cattle manure. However, no effect was observed on the dry-sieved distribution of aggregates <0.5 mm in diameter. Soil quality, as indicated by an increase in soil organic C, can be improved by application of composted beef cattle manure, but levels of water-soluble P will increase, potentially increasing the risk of high concentrations of P in runoff. This research shows that the addition of compost and straw improves soil quality in terms of soil carbon and aggregate stability in bean–potato rotations. However, the proportion of erodible aggregates also increased, though not to levels that contribute significantly to soil erosion. Compost inputs must be monitored to reduce the potential for high concentrations and runoff of water-soluble P at the soil surface.
Estimation of the water retention curve for unsaturated clay
Authors: Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini Seid , Ganjian Navid , Pashang Pisheh Yadolah
Published: July 2011

Mir Mohammad Hosseini, S. M., Ganjian, N. and Pashang Pisheh, Y. 2011. Estimation of the water retention curve for unsaturated clay. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 543–549. Extensive laboratory tests are essential in order to determine the soil water retention curve, defined as the relationship between water content and suction, in an unsaturated soil. These laboratory tests are usually costly and time consuming. Moreover, for most practical problems, it has been found that approximate unsaturated soil properties are adequate for analysis. Thus, empirical procedures for predicting unsaturated soil parameters would be invaluable. The water retention curve can be estimated using soil properties to avoid the costs of experimental methods. Estimation of the water retention curve based on index properties is highly desirable due to its simplicity and low cost. Here, a model for the estimation of the soil water retention curve for fine soils is introduced, which takes the plasticity index and fine content into account, and is based on the Van Genuchten and Fredlund-Xing equations. The proposed equations are validated by comparing measured and simulated results. The curves predicted with these models were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
O bibliotecário como profissional da informação e as representações de suas competências profissionais e pessoais para atuar em bibliotecas
Authors: Nina Renée Rosane Vaz
Published: July 2011

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representações de competências socialmente construídas pelo profissional da informação – bibliotecário, inserido no cenário atual da explosão informacional, conseqüência das inovações tecnológicas e da globalização da informação. Essas representações foram coletadas junto aos profissionais atuantes nas bibliotecas da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), tendo por base teórica o construcionismo social tratado por Berger e Luckmann (1995), a Teoria das Representações Sociais apresentada por Moscovici (2004) e complementadas pela teoria do processo civilizador de Elias (1994). Metodologicamente, realizou-se a pesquisa em duas etapas. Na primeira, utilizou-se um questionário como instrumento de coleta de informações para caracterização e destaque dos participantes da pesquisa. Na segunda, utilizou-se um roteiro para entrevistar os participantes e proceder à análise de discursos. Assim, empregou-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) tratada por Lefèvre e Lefèvre (2003) e recomendações teóricas de Elias (1998). A análise de discurso, qualitativa e exploratória na coleta das manifestações e opiniões do bibliotecário, possibilitou apresentação do DSC individual de cada questão que por fim se mesclam para constituir o DSC único sobre as competências que o bibliotecário percebe e manifesta com propriedade. Como resultado ressaltou-se alguns fatores de competência neste DSC: a personalidade, o caráter e o amor à profissão; a união do conhecimento, valores e experiências; a criatividade, o comprometimento pessoal e o trabalho em equipe; a atualização continuada profissional e a adaptabilidade à realidade flutuante e ao seu papel social, entre tantas outras citadas.
Aspectos éticos em organização e representação do conhecimento (ORC): uma análise preliminar de valores e problemas a partir da literatura internacional da área
Authors: Guimarães José Augusto Chaves , Milani Suellen Oliveira , Pinho Fabio Assis
Published: July 2011

As reflexões na área de Ciência da Informação têm se centrado em aspectos de acesso e disseminação da informação, sendo a literatura sobre ética em organização e representação do conhecimento (ORC) ainda incipiente. Isso leva à necessidade de verificar a existência dos valores - e problemas - éticos que causam impacto na área, pois se supõe que os mesmos ainda não são assumidos como tal, mas se revelam na prática cotidiana. Desse modo, e objetivando contribuir para a reflexão sobre a carência de literatura científica na área de ética em ORC, propôs-se analisar a produção dos periódicos Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology - JASIST, Journal of Documentation, Knowledge Organization, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, The Indexer, no período de 1995 a 2004 (que tradicionalmente têm se dedicado à área de ORC) e da revista Ethics and Information Technology, por lidar com a ética aplicada às atividades informativas. Os resultados permitem considerar que os valores predominantes - e os problemas daí decorrentes - revelam parcialmente duas dimensões complementares: a do respeito à diversidade e a da garantia de especificidade, o que permite comprovar a pertinência dos princípios teóricos enunciados por Hudon (1997), Beghtol (2002, 2005) e García Gutiérrez (2002), relativamente a uma ética transcultural de mediação que reflita uma diversidade (cuja precisão passa muitas vezes pela dimensão do multilingüismo) valendo-se, para tanto, de instrumentos que possam conferir garantia cultural à representação do conhecimento.
Contribuições da psicologia do pensamento e da cognição para os indexadores relacionais de Farradane
Authors: Santana Maria Aparecida Lourenço , Dias Eduardo José Wense , Borges Mônica Erichen Nassif
Published: July 2011

Natureza da ligação entre a psicologia do pensamento e a cognição no contexto da indexação relacional, de Farradane. As ciências cognitivas como campo disciplinar novo, originado no século XX, suscitou o desafio de compreender quando se deu a sua ligação com a psicologia do pensamento. O termo psicologia foi cunhado na era moderna, por isso, estudos anteriores usavam termos como organização ou orientação metódica do pensamento. Identifica a menção desse tema ainda na Grécia Antiga, a orientação metódica do pensamento era um recurso utilizado para obtenção mais segura de resultados, uma forma de reduzir a incerteza da busca. Na era moderna a psicologia foi vista como um ramo da filosofia, que estudava a mente e o comportamento. No século XIX, através do esforço persistente de alguns pesquisadores, a psicologia veio a constituir-se como campo disciplinar separado. Através de mais de um século de estudos a área contribuiu em muito para a compreensão de estruturas, processos, funções, processamento de nformações e representações mentais, dentre outros tópicos. No século XX suas descobertas se tornaram a base para a fundação das ciências cognitivas e posterior elaboração dos indexadores relacionais universais de Farradane.
Recuperação e impacto da produção científica na era google: uma análise comparativa entre o google acadêmico e a web of science
Authors: Mugnaini Rogério , Strehl Letícia
Published: July 2011

Discussão das mudanças ocasionadas pelo desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação no que diz respeito à visibilidade das publicações científicas e à produção de indicadores de impacto. Trabalha-se inicialmente com as questões relacionadas ao uso dos dados de citação e do Fator de Impacto do ISI-Thomsom Scientific abordandose, em seguida, os recursos disponibilizados pelo Google acadêmico para medir a relevância dos trabalhos científicos. Conclui-se com considerações sobre a importância dos estudos de aplicação dos indicadores bibliométricos e ebométricos para análise da produção científica como forma de estabelecer um sistema de avaliação adequado a diversos contextos.
A New Approach to Reducing Payments Made to Hospitals with High Complication Rates
Authors: Fuller Richard L. , McCullough Elizabeth C. , Averill Richard F.
Published: August 2011

This article proposes a redesign of the Medicare inpatient prospective payment system to reduce payments made to hospitals with high complication rates. We compute risk-adjusted, expected complication rates for hospitals and compare them to actual complication rates in order to determine the number of excess complications. Hospital payment reductions then are computed based on the number of excess complications in a hospital. Medicare hospital payment could be reduced by approximately 8% ($8.5 billion) if hospitals were held to a “best practice” standard and if payments made for excess complications were eliminated.
Impacts of global, regional, and sectoral black carbon emission reductions on surface air quality and human mortality
Authors: Anenberg S. C. , Talgo K. , Arunachalam S. , Dolwick P. , Jang C. , West J. J.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. As a component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC) is associated with premature human mortality. BC also affects climate by absorbing solar radiation and reducing planetary albedo. Several studies have examined the climate impacts of BC emissions, but the associated health impacts have been studied less extensively. Here, we examine the surface PM2.5 and premature mortality impacts of halving anthropogenic BC emissions globally and individually from eight world regions and three major economic sectors. We use a global chemical transport model, MOZART-4, to simulate PM2.5 concentrations and a health impact function to calculate premature cardiopulmonary and lung cancer deaths. We estimate that halving global anthropogenic BC emissions reduces outdoor population-weighted average PM2.5 by 542 ng m−3 (1.8 %) and avoids 157 000 (95 % confidence interval, 120 000–194 000) annual premature deaths globally, with the vast majority occurring within the source region. Most of these avoided deaths can be achieved by halving emissions in East Asia (China; 54 %), followed by South Asia (India; 31 %), however South Asian emissions have 50 % greater mortality impacts per unit BC emitted than East Asian emissions. Globally, halving residential, industrial, and transportation emissions contributes 47 %, 35 %, and 15 % to the avoided deaths from halving all anthropogenic BC emissions. These contributions are 1.2, 1.2, and 0.6 times each sector's portion of global BC emissions, owing to the degree of co-location with population globally. We find that reducing BC emissions increases regional SO4 concentrations by up to 28 % of the magnitude of the regional BC concentration reductions, due to reduced absorption of radiation that drives photochemistry. Impacts of residential BC emissions are likely underestimated since indoor PM2.5 exposure is excluded. We estimate ∼8 times more avoided deaths when BC and organic carbon (OC) emissions are halved together, suggesting that these results greatly underestimate the full air pollution-related mortality benefits of BC mitigation strategies which generally decrease both BC and OC. The choice of concentration-response factor and health effect thresholds affects estimated global avoided deaths by as much as 56 % but does not strongly affect the regional distribution. Confidence in our results would be strengthened by reducing uncertainties in emissions, model parameterization of aerosol processes, grid resolution, and PM2.5 concentration-mortality relationships globally.
Inverse modeling of cloud-aerosol interactions – Part 1: Detailed response surface analysis
Authors: Partridge D. G. , Vrugt J. A. , Tunved P. , Ekman A. M. L. , Gorea D. , Sorooshian A.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. New methodologies are required to probe the sensitivity of parameters describing cloud droplet activation. This paper presents an inverse modeling-based method for exploring cloud-aerosol interactions via response surfaces. The objective function, containing the difference between the measured and model predicted cloud droplet size distribution is studied in a two-dimensional framework, and presented for pseudo-adiabatic cloud parcel model parameters that are pair-wise selected. From this response surface analysis it is shown that the susceptibility of cloud droplet size distribution to variations in different aerosol physiochemical parameters is highly dependent on the aerosol environment and meteorological conditions. In general the cloud droplet size distribution is most susceptible to changes in the updraft velocity. A shift towards an increase in the importance of chemistry for the cloud nucleating ability of particles is shown to exist somewhere between marine average and rural continental aerosol regimes. We also use these response surfaces to explore the feasibility of inverse modeling to determine cloud-aerosol interactions. It is shown that the "cloud-aerosol" inverse problem is particularly difficult to solve due to significant parameter interaction, presence of multiple regions of attraction, numerous local optima, and considerable parameter insensitivity. The identifiability of the model parameters will be dependent on the choice of the objective function. Sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the location of the information content within the calibration data to confirm that our choice of objective function maximizes information retrieval from the cloud droplet size distribution. Cloud parcel models that employ a moving-centre based calculation of the cloud droplet size distribution pose additional difficulties when applying automatic search algorithms for studying cloud-aerosol interactions. To aid future studies, an increased resolution of the region of the size spectrum associated with droplet activation within cloud parcel models, or further development of fixed-sectional cloud models would be beneficial. Despite these improvements, it is demonstrated that powerful search algorithms remain necessary to efficiently explore the parameter space and successfully solve the cloud-aerosol inverse problem.
A three-dimensional full Stokes model of the grounding line dynamics: effect of a pinning point beneath the ice shelf
Authors: Favier L. , Gagliardini O. , Durand G. , Zwinger T.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The West Antarctic ice sheet is confined by a large area of ice shelves, fed by inland ice through fast flowing ice streams. The dynamics of the grounding line, i.e. the line-boundary between grounded ice and the downstream ice shelf, has a major influence on the dynamics of the whole ice sheet. However, most of the ice sheet models use simplifications of the flow equations, i.e., they do not include all the stress components, and are known to fail in their mathematical representation of the grounding line dynamics. Here, we present a 3-D full Stokes model of a marine ice sheet, in which the flow problem is coupled with the evolution of the upper and lower free surfaces, and the position of the grounding line determined by solving a contact problem between the shelf/sheet lower surface and the bedrock. Simulations are performed using the open-source finite-element code Elmer/Ice within a parallel environment. The effect of a pinning point, inserted beneath the ice shelf, on the ice dynamics is studied to demonstrate the model's ability to cope with curved and multiple grounding lines. Starting from a steady state, the sea level is slightly decreased to create a contact point between a seamount and the ice shelf. The model predicts a dramatic decrease of the shelf velocities, leading to an advance of the grounding line until both grounded zones merge together, during which an ice rumple forms above the contact area at the pinning point. Finally, we show that once the contact is created, increasing the sea level to its initial value does not cease the interaction with the pinning point and has no effect on the ice dynamics, indicating a stabilizing effect of pinning points.
Cyclooxygenase inhibitor improved an exudative lesion of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Suzuki Misa , Suzuki Takayoshi , Nagano Aoi , Hirasawa Manabu , Sakuyama Kenichi , Mizuki Nobuhisa
Published: July 2011

Purpose

To report a case in which a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor improved an exudative lesion in age-related macular degeneration.

Methods/Results

A 64-year-old man had a complaint of metamorphopsia in the left eye. Visual acuity was 0.5 in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine angiography showed juxtafoveal occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the left eye, and pegaptanib sodium 0.3 mg was administered once every 6 weeks. After 4 months, visual acuity improved to 0.8. After 8 months follow-up, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed subretinal fluid (SRF) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) irregularity. Visual acuity was 0.4. We recommended further pegaptanib sodium injections, but the patient did not consent to the treatment. Onset of cellulitis of the left toe occurred 1 week before the scheduled visit after 9 months. The patient was treated with loxoprofen sodium (nonselective COX inhibitor) and cefdinir for 7 days. At 2 weeks after onset of cellulitis, SRF had disappeared and OCT showed improvement of RPE irregularity.

Conclusions

A COX inhibitor had an effect on vascular permeability in CNV and may have improved exudative changes.
Radiological Classification of Hip Arthropathy Associated with Long-Term Haemodialysis
Authors: Fukunishi Shigeo , Fukui Tomokazu , Nishio Shoji , Fujihara Yuki , Okahisa Shohei , Yoshiya Shinichi
Published: July 2011

Various types of hip lesion associated with long-term haemodialysis have been observed. We present a new radiological classification system of haemodialysis-related hip arthropathy.

In total, 103 hip lesions were analyzed in 84 patients undergoing haemodialysis for more than ten years. The hip lesions were classified into 3 types; Type I - cystic type with further subdivisions based on cyst location, Type II - arthritic type, and Type III - deformity of the femoral head.

Surgery was performed on 60 hips. We believe our classification system assists decision making on behalf of these patients.
Pre-Operative Psychological Distress Does Not Adversely Affect Functional or Mental Health Gain after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hossain Munier , Parfitt Daniel J. , Beard David J. , Darrah Clare , Nolan John , Murray David W. , Andrew John G.
Published: July 2011

Preoperative psychological distress has been reported to predict poor outcome and patient dissatisfaction after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to investigate if pre-operative psychological distress was associated with adverse functional outcome after primary THR. We analysed the database of a prospective multi-centre study undertaken between January 1999 and January 2002. We recorded the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and SF36 score preoperatively and up to five years after surgery for 1055 patients. We dichotomised the patients into the mentally distressed (Mental Health Scale score - MHS ≤56) and the not mentally distressed (MHS >56) groups based on their pre-operative MHS of the SF36. 762 (72.22%). Patients (595 not distressed and 167 distressed) were followed up at 5 years. Both pre and post-operative OHS and SF-36 scores were significantly worse in the distressed group (both p<0.001). However, both groups experienced statistically significant improvement in OHS and MHS, which was maximal at 1 year after surgery and was maintained over the follow up (p=0.00). There was a substantial improvement in mental distress in patients who reported mental distress prior to surgery. The results suggest that pre-operative psychological distress did not adversely compromise functional outcome gain after THA. Despite having worse absolute values both pre and post operatively, patients with mental distress did not have any less functional gain from THA as measured by improvement in OHS.
Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Selection of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Waiting for Liver Transplantation: Must we Reconsider it?
Authors: Lai Quirino , Avolio Alfonso W. , Manzia Tommaso M. , Agnes Salvatore , Tisone Giuseppe , Berloco Pasquale B. , Rossi Massimo
Published: July 2011

Background

Milan criteria (MC) represent the most commonly adopted criteria for the selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) waiting for liver transplantation (LT). However, MC are exclusively based on morphological aspects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pre-LT–detectable biological parameters, to compare them with morphological ones in terms of tumor recurrence prediction and patient survival.

Methods

A cohort of 153 consecutive adult patients who underwent LT for HCC on cirrhosis from January 1999 to March 2009 was retrospectively analyzed.

Results

HCC recurrence was observed in 12 patients (7.8%). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was the unique independent negative risk factor for the development of HCC recurrence (odds ratio 2.0, p=0.03). Adopting a cutoff value of 210 ng/mL, patients who presented serum AFP ≥210 ng/mL showed a 5-year survival rate of 23.3% versus 76.2% observed in patients with pre-LT serum AFP <210 ng/mL (log-rank test: <0.0001).

Conclusions

In our experience, AFP was the strongest predictor of HCC recurrence, stronger than tumor morphology. AFP could ameliorate the selection of LT candidates. Further studies to evaluate the combination of morphological and biological criteria are needed.
Awareness of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ekabua John E. , Ekabua Kufre J. , Odusolu Patience , Agan Thomas U. , Iklaki Christopher U. , Etokidem Aniekan J.
Published: July 2011

The aims of this study are to assess the awareness and intention to use maternity services. This was a multicentric study involving 800 women. Educational status was the best predictor of awareness of birth preparedness (P=0.0029), but not a good predictor of intention to attend four antenatal clinic sessions (P=0.449). Parity was a better predictor of knowledge of severe vaginal bleeding as a key danger sign during pregnancy than educational level (P=0.0009 and P=0.3849, resp.). Plan to identify a means of transport to the place of childbirth was related to greater awareness of birth preparedness (χ2=0.3255; P=0.5683). Parity was a highly significant predictor (P=0.0089) of planning to save money. Planning to save money for childbirth was associated with greater awareness of community financial support system (χ2=0.8602; P=0.3536). Access to skilled birth attendance should be promoted.
Orthopedic resident anatomy review course: A collaboration between anatomists and orthopedic surgeons
Authors: DeFriez Curtis B. , Morton David A. , Horwitz Daniel S. , Eckel Christine M. , Foreman K. Bo , Albertine Kurt H.
Published: July 2011

A challenge for new residents and senior residents preparing for board examinations is refreshing their knowledge of basic science disciplines, such as human gross anatomy. The Department of Orthopaedics at the University of Utah School of Medicine has for many years held an annual Orthopedic Resident Anatomy Review Course during the summer months for all of its residents. The primary purpose of the course is to renew competencies in basic science disciplines so that incoming residents more quickly reach a level of functional proficiency and to afford senior residents a platform to teach their junior colleagues. Before 2005, this course was conducted with minimal participation from anyone outside of the Department of Orthopaedics. Many of the residents voiced concerns that the educational benefits were not proportionate to the time invested. To improve the teaching of orthopedic‐related anatomy, an educational collaboration between the Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Orthopaedics was established in 2004 and continues to the present time. The major objectives of refining the course pedagogy, developing a Course Manual and Dissection Guide, and evaluating the results by administering a course survey questionnaire are described in this article. Implementation of all facets of the revised course has resulted in better participation by orthopedic faculty and more favorable reviews by the participating residents. Based on current levels of interest and positive comments from course participants, the Anatomy and Orthopedic faculty course directors plan to continue to develop course materials and pedagogy. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.