bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Medical and Hygiene Exhibitions of the Japanese Colonial Period
Authors: SEO Gijae
Published: January 2025

In Western society, the World’s Fair has emerged as a significant national festival, serving as a new capitalist ideological device. Countries that hosted the fair often exaggerated their achievements, and Japan, which was at the forefront of modernization, participated in the event by adopting a strategy of differentiation and specialization in response to this momentum. During this process, Japan embraced the Western perspective to cultivate a fair culture characterized by Japaneseization, from which hygiene exhibitions were derived. As part of its efforts to build a modern state, Japan organized hygiene exhibitions aimed at instilling the concept of hygiene among its population. These exhibitions promoted public awareness by presenting visual data about diseases and the human body, thereby fostering a sense of fear. This exhibition culture reflected Japan’s colonial governance techniques. Japan recognized that vibrant and engaging cultural events and exhibitions could captivate the public more effectively than any political framework. Consequently, a hygiene exhibition was held in colonial Korea that combined the themes of fairness and hygiene education. This study examines the history and distinctive activities associated with hosting sanitary exhibitions within the fair culture adopted by Japan during its modernization process. It explores how this cultural phenomenon established a connection with colonial Korea and analyzes the process of integrating fairness culture into Korean society. Additionally, this study investigates the details of the sanitary exhibition, which began in Korea around 1920 and gradually became a competitive event across the Korean Peninsula, touring smaller administrative districts centered around the main area. This examination is supported by contemporary newspapers published at the time.
Hildegard of Bingen’s Embryology: Enabling Women’s Reproductive Power without Seed
Authors: LEE Minji
Published: January 2025

This paper examines Hildegard of Bingen’s embryological theory within the intricate landscape of medieval medicine and religion. It situates Hildegard’s understanding of conception within ongoing historical debates surrounding the roles of male and female reproductive substances, particularly the concept of seed or semen. By analyzing her conceptual framework against prevailing classical and medieval reproductive theories, the research illuminates Hildegard’s distinctive contribution to understanding conception as a holistic bodily process.Classical embryological discourse predominantly oscillated between Aristotle’s one-seed theory—which positioned men as sole generative agents—and Galen’s two-seed theory, which marginally acknowledged female reproductive participation. While technically aligning with Aristotelian principles by denying female semen, Hildegard diverged significantly by valorizing women’s reproductive agency. she argued that women produced a foam essential for new life, just as essential as the man’s semen. Also, the female reproductive body played a crucial role in purifying and nurturing the defective male semen, enabling conception. This conceptualization subtly challenged contemporary gender hierarchies, presenting reproduction as a complex, interdependent physiological mechanism with theological resonances, making the parallels of the woman’s reproduction and God’s creation. In conclusion, Hildegard’s embryological theory presents a sophisticated intellectual intervention that reimagined female reproductive potential within medieval scientific and religious frameworks.
Electro-active evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy immunosensor for influenza virus detection
Authors: Alnaanah Shadi A. , Qatamin Aymen H. , Mendes Sergio B. , O’Toole Martin G. , Nunn Betty M. , Zannon Mohammad S.
Published: January 2025

The early and accurate detection of viral pathogens is critical for effective disease management and public health safety. This study introduces an immunosensor that integrates an electro-active evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) platform with a sandwich-type bioassay for label-free detection of the influenza A (H5N1) hemagglutinin (HA) protein, achieving a detection limit of 15 ng/mL. The sensor is constructed by functionalizing the EW-CRDS platform within a micro-electrochemical flow cell with a monoclonal antibody specific to the target antigen. Upon antigen binding, a secondary polyclonal antibody conjugated with a redox-active methylene blue dye is captured. This dye undergoes reversible optical signal changes during redox transitions, which are electrochemically modulated and detected with high sensitivity. Unlike conventional approaches, this sensor employs electrochemical modulation to amplify surface-specific optical signals while reducing processing time and minimizing background noise. The results demonstrate the potential of this technology for real-time monitoring and rapid, reliable diagnosis of infectious diseases, offering excellent sensitivity and ease of operation in detecting influenza viruses. This work highlights the promise of the electro-active EW-CRDS platform for antigen detection in clinical settings.
High-quality phase-only Fourier hologram generation with camera-in-the-loop
Authors: Yeom Han-Ju , Hong Keehoon , Park Minsik
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose an optimization method for Fourier holograms that enables high-quality optical reconstruction of phase-only Fourier holograms. We define the amplitude of the input image for Fourier hologram calculation as an optimization plane within a camera-in-the-loop (CITL) framework to generate phase-only holograms with superior optical reconstruction quality. Unlike traditional CITL methods that optimize phase holograms, our proposed method optimizes input amplitudes that exhibit a high correlation with the original input images in the Fourier hologram. Leveraging this correlation, we introduce a neural network model for phase-only Fourier hologram, PoFNet, to infer the optimized input amplitudes from the original images, thereby addressing the time-consuming nature of the traditional CITL algorithm, which is hindered by repetitive calculations. During the training process, PoFNet employs our proposed CITL to account for non-ideal forward propagation, i.e., optical propagation. Optical experiments demonstrate that both our proposed CITL method and PoFNet effectively reduce noise in the Fourier optical path.
Construction of a program for physical simulation of cold atom interferometry
Authors: Zhao Yingpeng , Zhang Cheng , Bao Shuning , Li Dianrong , Niu Jingyu , Tong Wenjian , Cheng Bing , Wang Xiaolong , Weng Kanxing , Li Hao , Mao Haicen , Wu Bin , Lin Qiang
Published: January 2025

Realistic and accurate simulations are crucial for developing quantum sensors such as cold atom gyroscopes, gravimeters, and gradiometers in the field of cold atom interferometers (CAIs). However, current simulations lack the necessary specifications for CAIs. In this study, we constructed a physical model for CAIs and designed a detailed simulation program, including the model construction, input and output parameter selection, program design, and computational acceleration. The energy levels were rationally simplified and approximated based on the optical Bloch equation to optimize the computational efficiency. The simulation program incorporates graphics processing unit (GPU) parallel computing, achieving a 43% speedup over the central processing unit (CPU) in simulating the laser cooling process with 500 atoms. Based on actual experiments, we simulated the generation of cold atomic interference fringes with three (T=72.5 ms) and four (T=200 ms) Raman pulses. The simulated results closely match the experimental outcomes. By increasing the number of simulated atoms and incorporating actual magnetic and optical field data, the results will be even more closely related to the real experiments. In addition, we achieved the preliminary GPU acceleration of the simulation program and modeled parasitic atom interferometers with practical CAI parameters. This study is useful for enhancing the simulation capabilities of CAIs, providing a powerful tool for researchers.
Diode-pumped microchip laser from neodymium doped calcium borosilicate glass
Authors: Yang Jie , Peng Longjiang , Liu Rongrong , Lyu Pin , Su Liangbi , Xia Jing , Zheng Lihe
Published: January 2025

Calcium borosilicate glass doped with 0.6 atomic percent (at.%) of Nd3+ ions (NdCBS06) was fabricated using the high-temperature melting method. The composition, in terms of weight percentage, comprised 43.5% CaO, 41.5% SiO2 and 15% B2O3. The density and optical basicity were characterized. The impact of temperature on both absorption and emission spectra was investigated within the range from 78 K to 250 K. Consequently, the energy splitting levels of Nd3+ ions in CBS glass were determined based on the absorption and emission spectra measured at 100 K. The luminescence lifetime at 78 K and 300 K were compared to gain insights into the emission dynamics within NdCBS06 glass. A diode laser end-pumped NdCBS06 microchip laser was obtained, featuring a lasing wavelength of 1062.69 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 488.6 pm.
Reconfigurable NIR-emission gain via thermal control in multimode tri-doped tellurite fiber
Authors: Spadoti D. H. , Pinto I. C. , Rivera V. A. G. , Messaddeq Y.
Published: January 2025

In fiber-based telecommunication systems, information is transmitted over wide optical spectrum bands. However, the volume of data, service demands, and traffic speeds keep rising, overloading the whole fiber links. Thus, enhancing efficiency and broadening transparency are essential in optical systems. Moreover, preserving gain across the broad spectrum remains a significant bottleneck to be overcome. Here we enhance intensity and broaden emission in the C-, L- and U- telecommunication bands via thermal population control in 30 cm of a tri-doped (Er3+-Tm3+-Yb3+) multimode tellurite fiber (3Dp-MM-Te-fiber). The results indicate that increasing the temperature, a blue shift occurs around 1530 nm, and due to energy transfer among the tri rare-earths dopants a flat gain in the near-infrared region up to 1550 nm to 1650 nm is observed with a bandwidth of more than 100 nm. Furthermore, pumping the fiber at 980 nm with a 0.1 mW signal at 1550 nm, an experimental relative gain of approximately 2.5 dB was also demonstrated at a 120 oC heating temperature.
All-optical crossbar switching on chip
Authors: Liu Jiaxing , Li Zhan , Inman Michel , Ma Zhaohui , Tang Yunong , Huang Yu-ping
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate crossbar all-optical switching (AOS) on an add-drop
microring resonator on chip made of periodically poled lithium
niobate. Utilizing quantum Zeno blockade (QZB) induced by
sum-frequency generation, a signal is switched between the
resonator’s two output ports by a pump wave. The switching
contrast is 3.35 and 8.27 dB, respectively, at the through and drop
ports during a quasi-continuous operation and 5.15 and 9.01 dB during
a pulsed operation. These results demonstrate a purely parametric
approach to optical routing and computing for all-optical information
processing.
Bayesian identification of differentially expressed isoforms using a novel joint model of RNA-seq data
Authors: Shi Xu , Wang Xiao , Jin Lu , Halakivi-Clarke Leena , Clarke Robert , Neuwald Andrew F. , Xuan Jianhua
Published: January 2025

We develop a Bayesian approach, BayesIso, to identify differentially expressed isoforms from RNA-seq data. The approach features a novel joint model of the sample variability and the deferential state of isoforms. Specifically, the within-sample variability and the between-sample variability of each isoform are modeled by a Poisson-Lognormal model and a Gamma-Gamma model, respectively. Using a Bayesian framework, the differential state of each isoform and the model parameters are jointly estimated by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Extensive studies using simulation and real data demonstrate that BayesIso can effectively detect isoforms of less differentially expressed and differential transcripts for genes with multiple isoforms. We applied the approach to breast cancer RNA-seq data and uncovered a unique set of isoforms that form key pathways associated with breast cancer recurrence. First, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and PTEN signaling pathways are identified as being involved in breast cancer development. Further integrated with protein-protein interaction data, pathways of Jak-STAT, mTOR, MAPK and Wnt signaling are revealed in association with breast cancer recurrence. Finally, several pathways are activated in the early recurrence of breast cancer. In tumors that occur early, members of pathways of cellular metabolism and cell cycle (such as CD36 and TOP2A) are upregulated, while immune response genes such as NFATC1 are downregulated.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic indicator in COVID-19: Evidence from a northern tanzanian cohort
Authors: Kyala Norman Jonas , Mboya Innocent , Shao Elichilia , Sakita Francis , Kilonzo Kajiru Gadiel , Shirima Laura , Sadiq Abid , Mkwizu Elifuraha , Chamba Nyasatu , Marandu Annette , Muhali Sophia , Raza Faryal , Ndale Eliasa , Bayo Damas , Mujuni Daniel , Lyamuya Furaha
Published: January 2025

Background

COVID-19 caused a profound global impact, resulting in significant cases and deaths. The progression of COVID-19 clinical manifestations is influenced by a dysregulated inflammatory response. Early identification of the subclinical progression is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. While there are various biomarkers to predict disease severity and outcomes, their accessibility and affordability pose challenges in resource-limited settings. We explored the potentiality of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a cost-effective inflammatory marker to predict disease severity, clinical deterioration, and mortality in affected patients.

Methodology

A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at KCMC Hospital among COVID-19 patients followed from admission to discharge between 1st March 2020 and 31st March 2022. NLR was calculated as the absolute neutrophil count in μL divided by the absolute lymphocyte count in μL. The NLR cut-off value was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and assessed its predictive ability at admission for in-hospital mortality. The Chi-square test compared the proportion of NLR by patient characteristics. The association of NLR with disease severity and mortality was analyzed using the modified Poisson and Cox regression models, respectively.

Results

The study included 504 patients, with a median age of 64 years, 57.1% were males, and 68.3% had severe COVID-19. The in-hospital COVID-19 mortality rate was 37.7%. An NLR cutoff value of 6.1 or higher had a sensitivity of 92.1% (95% CI 89.2%–94.0%) and a specificity of 92.0% (95% CI 89.7%–94.4%). Additionally, 39.5% of patients with an NLR value of 6.1 or higher had increased risk of severe disease, subsequent clinical deterioration, and mortality.

Conclusion and recommendation

An NLR value of 6.1 or higher at the time of hospital admission associated with severe disease, clinical deterioration, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Integration of NLR as a prognostic parameter in COVID-19 prognosis scales could improve risk assessment and guide appropriate management strategies for COVID-19 patients, as well as for potential future viral-related pneumonias. Further prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings and evaluate the clinical utility of NLR in larger cohorts of patients.
Assessment of phytochemical screening, antibacterial, analgesic, and antipyretic potentials of Litsea glutinosa (L.) leaves extracts in a mice model
Authors: Labu Zubair Khalid , Karim Samira , Rahman Md. Tarekur , Hossain Md. Imran , Arifuzzaman Sarder , Shakil Md.
Published: January 2025

Background

Litsea glutinosa (LG) leaves have been traditionally used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments, including pain, fever, and microbial infections. This study aims to scientifically evaluate the therapeutic potential of cold methanol extracts of LG leaves, specifically focusing on their analgesic, antipyretic, and antibacterial activities. In addition, the research includes preliminary phytochemical screening to identify key bioactive compounds and an acute toxicity test to assess the safety profile of the extract.

Methods

In this study, we conducted an initial investigation of the major phytochemical groups present in L. glutinosa leaves using both modern chromatographic techniques, specifically High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and conventional phytochemical screening methods applied to cold methanol extracts. Both approaches consistently identified phenols and flavonoids as the predominant bioactive compounds. Following this phytochemical characterization, we assessed the analgesic efficacy of the extracts using acetic acid-induced writhing and electrical heat-induced nociceptive pain stimuli, evaluated antipyretic effects through Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia, and determined antibacterial activity via the disc diffusion method. Additionally, the toxicity of the extracts was evaluated through preclinical testing.

Results

In hot plate method, the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg of crude extract (3.37 ± 0.31 sec) which differed significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) with that of the standard drug morphine (6.47 ± 0.23 sec). The extract significantly prolonged reaction latency to thermal-induced pain in hotplate model. Analgesic activity at 500 mg/kg, LG extract produced a 70% suppression of writhing in mice, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001) compared to standard morphine’s (77.5%) inhibition. In antipyretic activity assay, the crude extract showed notable reduction in body temperature (36.17 ±  0.32 °C) at dose of 300 mg/kg-body weight, when the standard (at dose 100 mg/kg-body weight) exerted (36.32 ±  0.67 °C) after 3 h of administration. In antibacterial studies, results showed that inhibition of bacterial growth at 400 μg dose of each extract clearly inhibited growth of bacteria from 11 to 22 mm. The extractives carbon tetrachloride fraction, chloroform soluble fraction, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated notably greater inhibitory zone widths (p < 0.05) against tested strains.

Conclusion

Overall, the cold methanol extract of LG leaves demonstrates the therapeutic potential in preclinical settings. Future research is warranted to isolate the specific bioactive compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action to further support the development of new treatments and contributing to modern medicinal practices based on this plant leaves.
DArTseq-based silicoDArT and SNP markers reveal the genetic diversity and population structure of Kenyan cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) landraces
Authors: Mukhebi Dennis Wamalabe , Gachanja Pauline Wambui , Karan Diana Jepkoech , Kamau Brenda Muthoni , King’ori Pauline Wangeci , Juma Bicko Steve , Mbinda Wilton Mwema
Published: January 2025

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important tree grown worldwide for its edible fruits, nuts and other products of industrial applications. The ecologically sensitive cashew-growing region in coastal Kenya is significantly affected by rising temperatures, droughts, floods, and shifting rainfall patterns. These changes adversely impact cashew growth by altering flowering patterns, increasing pests and diseases, and causing postharvest losses, which ultimately result in reduced yields and tree mortality. This is exacerbated by the long juvenile phase, high heterozygosity, lack of trait correlations, large mature plant size, and inadequate genomic resources. For the first time, the Diversity Array Technology (DArT) technology was employed to identify DArT (silicoDArT) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers for genomic understanding of cashew in Kenya. Cashew leaf samples were collected in Kwale, Kilifi and Lamu counties along coastal Kenya followed by DNA extraction. The reduced libraries were sequenced using Hiseq 2500 Illumina sequencer, and the SNPs called using DarTsoft14. A total of 27,495 silicoDArT and 17,008 SNP markers were reported, of which 1340 silicoDArT and 824 SNP markers were used for analyses after screening, with > 80% call rate, > 95% reproducibility, polymorphism information content (PIC ≥  0.25) and one ratio (>0.25). The silicoDArT and SNP markers had mean PIC values ranging from 0.02–0.50 and 0.0–0.5, with an allelic richness ranging from 1.992 to 1.994 for silicoDArT and 1.862 to 1.889 for SNP markers. The observed heterozygosity and expected values ranged from 0.50–0.55 and 0.34–0.37, and 0.56–0.57 and 0.33 for both silicoDArT and SNP markers respectively. Understanding cashew genomics through the application of SilicoDArT and SNP markers is crucial for advancing cashew genomic breeding programs aimed at improving yield and nut quality, and enhancing resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our study presents an overview of the genetic diversity of cashew landraces in Kenya and demonstrates that DArT systems are a reliable tool for advancing genomic research in cashew breeding.
Baculoviruses manipulate host lipid metabolism via adipokinetic hormone signaling to induce climbing behavior
Authors: Zhu Lin , Xie Yuqing , Liu Chenxi , Cheng Jie , Shen Zhongjian , Liu Xiaoming , Cai Limei , Ning Xinyuan , Zhang Songdou , Li Zhen , Huang Qiuying , Liu Xiaoxia
Published: January 2025

Baculoviruses can induce climbing behavior in caterpillar hosts, which provides an excellent model for studying parasite manipulation of host behavior. Herein, we found that Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) promoted lipid metabolism of infected H. armigera larvae, and changes in lipid metabolism can affect climbing behavior. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms between lipid metabolism and climbing behavior is particularly important. In this study, we found adipokinetic hormone 1 (HaAKH1), adipokinetic hormone 2 (HaAKH2) and their receptor HaAKHR were essential for promoting lipid metabolism and climbing behavior in response to HearNPV infection. Both molecular docking result and Ca2+ imaging showed that both HaAKH1 and HaAKH2 could interact with HaAKHR. Knockdown of HaAKH1, HaAKH2 and HaAKHR resulted in not only the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG), but also the reduction of the replication of HearNPV and the crawling ability of infected H. armigera larvae, resulting in a decrease in the final death height of the infected larvae. We further validated this conclusion by injecting active peptides of HaAKH1 and HaAKH2 to infected larvae. In addition, we investigated the downstream of HaAKH signaling and found that hormone-sensitive lipase (HaHSL) changed with changes in HaAKH signaling and HaHSL played the same role as HaAKH signaling. These findings not only revealed the mechanism by which parasites manipulated host lipid metabolism, but more significantly, explored the relationship between lipid metabolism and behavioral changes of hosts manipulated by parasites, broadening our understanding of the phenomenon of parasites manipulating host behavioral changes.
The Climate Dispossessed: Justice for the People of Aotearoa, Teall Crossen (2020)
Authors: Smith Roy
Published: January 2025

Review of: The Climate Dispossessed: Justice for the People of Aotearoa, Teall Crossen (2020)

Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 160 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 98858 723 3 (pbk), NZ$14.99

Living with the Climate Crisis: Voices from Aotearoa, Tom Doig (ed.) (2020)

Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 224 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 98858 753 0 (pbk), NZ$14.99

Acclimatising to Higher Ground: The Realities of Life of a Pacific Atoll People, Keith Dixon (2021)

Leiden: Sidestone Press, 254 pp.,

ISBN 978 9 46426 029 8 (pbk), £45
Building and Remembering: An Archaeology of Place-Making on Papua New Guinea’s South Coast, Chris Urwin (2022)
Authors: Mückler Hermann
Published: January 2025

Review of: Building and Remembering: An Archaeology of Place-Making on Papua New Guinea’s South Coast, Chris Urwin (2022)

Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press, 260 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 82489 188 6 (hbk), $76
Indigenous Pacific Islander Eco-Literatures, Kathy Jetňil-Kijiner, Leora Kava and Craig Santos Perez (eds) (2022)
Authors: Burrell Ajani
Published: January 2025

Review of: Indigenous Pacific Islander Eco-Literatures, Kathy Jetňil-Kijiner, Leora Kava and Craig Santos Perez (eds) (2022)

Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press, 404 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 82489 105 3 (pbk), $29

ISBN 978 0 82489 104 6 (hbk), $90
Wayfinding and Critical Autoethnography, Fetaui Iosefo, Stacy Holman Jones and Anne Harris (eds) (2021)
Authors: Smith Hinekura
Published: January 2025

Review of: Wayfinding and Critical Autoethnography, Fetaui Iosefo, Stacy Holman Jones and Anne Harris (eds) (2021)

New York: Routledge, 227 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 36734 379 8 (pbk), £39.99

ISBN 978 0 36734 382 8 (hbk), £135
Política a través de la ciencia: Manuel Lora Tamayo, ministro de Educación
Authors: Veci Lavín Carlos
Published: January 2025

Manuel Lora Tamayo, catedrático de Química Orgánica, fue uno de los científicos que defendieron la utilidad de la investigación para el Estado que surgía de la Guerra Civil española. Su esfuerzo le permitió incorporarse a la puesta en marcha del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). En relación con su secretario general, el edafólogo José María Albareda, impulsó una ciencia que, a la par que vocacional y desinteresada, debía contribuir al desarrollo económico del país. Ambos intervinieron también en el debate político sobre la formación de las nuevas generaciones de españoles, en el que reivindicaron el valor educativo de las ciencias experimentales y, en último extremo, una idea de sociedad potencialmente menos nacionalista y autoritaria. Durante su etapa ministerial (1962-1968), el proyecto de Lora Tamayo ilustró una desideologización del Estado y la enseñanza, aunque su roce con el veterano ministro de Gobernación y los estudiantes disidentes manifestó sus límites.
Entre símbolo de orden y emblema de la dictadura.
Authors: Campos Pérez Lara
Published: January 2025

La presencia de la memoria de la Primera República durante la Segunda fue abrumadora y, dentro de ella, la de su último presidente, Emilio Castelar, ocupó un lugar propio, no solo dentro de las culturas políticas republicanas, sino en todos los segmentos del arco político, ya que, en mayor o menor medida, todos ellos encontraron en su uso algún elemento con el que legitimar sus posturas presentes. Este artículo se centra en analizar esos distintos significados asociados a la memoria del político decimonónico, así como en dilucidar qué aspectos políticos y sociales de la Segunda República se trataron a través de ella. Para ello, se utilizan como fuentes tanto monografías especializadas y libros de carácter divulgativo y/o didáctico publicados en esos años, como editoriales de la prensa periódica y discursos pronunciados dentro y fuera del Congreso por algunos de los actores políticos más relevantes. Todo ello, precedido de un rápido recorrido por la imagen y las representaciones del orador gaditano durante la Restauración, permite mostrar un mapa de los usos sociales que tuvo la memoria de Emilio Castelar a lo largo de la Segunda República.
Evidence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant S. aureus, and Enterococcus faecium-causing mastitis in Thailand and Cambodia
Authors: Na Sambo , Intanon Montira , Srithanasuwan Anyaphat , Chaisri Wasana , Suriyasathaporn Witaya
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland, is a critical economic issue in the dairy industry. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to mastitis-causing pathogens poses a significant threat to dairy operations in Thailand and Cambodia. This study investigates the AMR of mastitis pathogens in Thailand and Cambodia. It focuses on detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci by identifying the presence of mecA, vanA, and vanB genes in bacterial isolates.

Materials and Methods: A total of 65 bacterial isolates (55 S. aureus from Thailand and 10 Enterococcus faecium from Thailand and Cambodia) were analyzed. Disk diffusion tests were conducted for antibiotic susceptibility, and polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect AMR genes.

Results: S. aureus isolates showed resistance to penicillin (21.8%), tetracycline (9.1%), and gentamycin (7.3%). Three isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), resistant to tetracycline, gentamycin, and penicillin. E. faecium isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (100%) and penicillin (90%), with 60% classified as MDR. Phenotypic analysis identified VRSA in 11% of S. aureus isolates. However, mecA, vanA, and vanB genes were not detected in any isolate.

Conclusion: Mastitis pathogens in this study pose significant AMR challenges, especially with MDR S. aureus and E. faecium, and phenotypically VRSA without the vanA gene. The findings highlight the need for judicious antibiotic use in dairy farms and further studies with broader sampling.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, dairy farms, mastitis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug resistance, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Optimization of QuEChERS for High-Sensitivity Pesticide Detection in Simulated Biological Matrices Using UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Singh Pratik , Maurya Arvind , Gopi Priyanka , Kaur Jasjeet , Kanojia Sanjeev , Pandya Prateek
Published: January 2025

This study presents an analytical method for detection and identification of pesticides in simulated biological matrices, i.e., simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated urine sample (SUS). The approach combines the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) sample preparation technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for pesticide analysis. A modified QuEChERS extraction protocol was developed to enhance pesticide recovery, improving both accuracy and reproducibility in pesticide quantification in seven different concentrations ranging from 2.5 ng/mL to 160 ng/mL. This combined methodology offers a robust tool for the precise detection and characterization of pesticide residues in biological fluids, with promising applications in toxicological analysis and forensic investigations. The developed method demonstrates the ability to reliably detect low concentrations of pesticide residues, establishing a strong foundation for comprehensive pesticide detection in complex biological matrices. As a supporting analysis, the molecular docking simulations were employed to explore the interaction dynamics of selected pesticides with key proteins unique to each matrix–pepsin (PEP) in SGF and Tamm-Horsfall (THF) protein in SUS. These simulations revealed the binding affinities and interaction strengths of the pesticides, providing further insight into their stability and persistence within different biological environments. This molecular perspective enhances the interpretation of pesticide residue behaviour, complementing the analytical results and deepening our understanding of pesticide dynamics in biological systems.
Synthesis of Cu2O Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous Carbon: Highly Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of Triazoles
Authors: Anumandla Ramesh , Tota Jagadish , Jogi Pragathi , Prakash S. , Mahipal Varukolu , Shashikala V.
Published: January 2025

Triazoles are class of heterocyclic compounds with significant pharmaceutical and industrial applications. An effective catalyst for the synthesis of triazoles using the Click reaction is developed. Highly stable cuprous oxide nanoparticles were dispersed on active carbon prepared from palmyra palm fruit shells. The Cu2O nanoparticles, characterized by their small particle size and high surface area, were successfully synthesized and supported on activated carbon to enhance the catalytic efficiency. Thus, the prepared catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity, high selectivity and good reusability in the cycloaddition reaction of azides and alkynes, leading to the efficient synthesis of various triazole derivatives. The Cu2O-AC nanocomposites demonstrated the superior catalytic performance compared to pure Cu2O and activated carbon. All Cu2O supported and unsupported active catalysts were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDX techniques to know the morphology, phase and functional group analysis. The reaction mechanism was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) analyses.
A vulnerabilidade social das professoras e dos professores da periferia de Manaus
Authors: Vieira Saulo , Lima Ana Ignez Belém
Published: January 2025

O artigo exprime parte dos estudos de uma pesquisa doutoral, especificamente, o momento de investigação Survey, realizado com 100 professoras/res das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, lotadas/os em escolas municipais da periferia de Manaus. Os resultados revelam as condições objetivas materiais das/dos professoras/res que, em sua maioria, advém da realidade das classes populares e apresentam indícios de que estiveram ou ainda estão em situação de vulnerabilidade social. A pesquisa aponta como necessário que, em sua formação, sejam considerados o conhecimento de sua conjuntura e estratégias de emancipação de sua existência.
F(chamacáre) = acontecimento
Authors: Grunewald Leif
Published: January 2025

Este texto caracteriza etnograficamente a criação e recriação do que os Ayoreo dão o nome de chamacáre, uma expressão do pensamento xamânico que envolve a produção e transformação nas relações com formas humanas e não-humanas e na composição de mundos e novos possíveis. O texto também aborda o conceito de desejo de Deleuze e Guattari em L’Anti Oedipe (1972), a fim de elucidar como a função chamacaré possibilita a composição de diferentes mundos entre seus operadores, influenciando e transformando um mundo através de modos variados de relação e apropriação, resultando em formações cada vez mais complexas.
A psicanálise além da ruptura entre natureza e cultura
Authors: Sanches Aline
Published: January 2025

Erigida no início do século XX, a teoria psicanalítica ainda se mantém tributária aos seus fundamentos originais, confundindo produções culturais com pressupostos universais. Tal é o caso das concepções de Natureza e Cultura, que a psicanálise herdou da Modernidade não sem contestar, mas da qual tampouco conseguiu se desvencilhar, replicando alguns dos problemas que almejou resolver.
A Etnologia em O Anti-Édipo
Authors: Do Nascimento Degi André , Feldman Marzochi Samira
Published: January 2025

Este artigo pretende oferecer, por meio de uma investigação exegética do livro O Anti-Édipo, de Deleuze e Guattari, acompanhada da contextualização histórica do momento de sua escritura, algumas pinceladas introdutórias sobre o importante papel da etnologia na elaboração das críticas presentes na obra à teoria do Édipo na psicanálise freudiana e lacaniana. Ao mesmo tempo em que a etnologia está na base de Totem e Tabu, de Freud, e na psicanálise de Lacan que é, desde o início, inspirada pela antropologia estrutural de Lévi-Strauss, ela também fundamenta as críticas de O Anti-Édipo às abordagens destes autores.
Factores de riesgo asociados al sindrome de inflamacion multisistemica temporalmente asociado a covid en el hospital San Rafael
Authors: Raga García Debbie Carolina , Mora Mendez Javier Mauricio , Camacho Jimenez Arnold Lizardo
Published: January 2025

Antecedentes El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico temporalmente asociado a infección por COVID (SIMS-TAC) es una complicación post infecciosa del COVID 19, los primeros casos fueron reportados en 2020, consiste en fiebre persistente, inflamación difusa y manifestaciones mucocutáneas, asociadas a antecedente de infección por COVID 19. Frecuentemente genera disfunción multiorgánica con manifestaciones cardiacas, renales, hematológicas, gastrointestinales, alteraciones del estado general como hipotensión, shock e inflamación sistémica severa. Objetivos: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de SIMS TAC en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael (HUCSR).Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles en pacientes pediátricos con SIMS TAC y pacientes con infección moderada o severa por COVID 19 atendidos en HUCSR.Resultados: se incluyeron 45 pacientes (15 casos y 30 controles). Los factores de riesgo para desarrollar SIMSTAC fueron: edad mayor de 5 años (OR 14 IC 95% 1.8-103.6 P 0.001) y la obesidad (OR 0.09 IC95% 0.01-0.94 P 0.036). Como factor protector se encontró el colecho (OR 9.7 IC 2.2-42.6 P0.002). Los demás factores de riesgo no mostraron diferencias significativas. La linfadenopatía fue un hallazgo relevante en el grupo de SIMSTAC (OR 0.29 IC95% 0.18-0.47 P 0.034). Las demás diferencias en los laboratorios y paraclínicos son esperables para el grupo de pacientes de SIMSTAC. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de SIMS TAC fueron edad mayor a 5 años, sobrepeso u obesidad. Las linfoadenopatías debe aumentar la sospecha diagnostica junto a los criterios clasificatorios establecidos.
الحق في العمل بين الواقع والقانون
Authors: Hamad Majeed A. , Mahmood Rzgar A.
Published: January 2025

ان المقومات الاقتصادية لها أثر ايجابي وفعال في الدفع بعجلة الاقتصاد إلى الأمام، والقصور في استغلال هذه المقومات الاقتصادية ينعكس سلبا على العديد من النواحي، إحداها زيادة البطالة. مدينة كويسنجق إحدى مدن محافظة أربيل في إقليم كوردستان العراق، التي لم تتمكن من استغلال المقومات الاقتصادية، وبالرغم من وجود القوانين التي سُنت لضمان وحماية حق العمل، إلا أن تنفيذ هذه القوانين على أرض الواقع بشكل يضمن حماية حق كل شخص قادر على العمل لم تكن بمستوى الطموح، مما أدى ذلك إلى تجاوز البطالة لدى القادرين على العمل في هذه المدينة الخط الحمر، مما شكل تهديدا لحياة الآلاف من الأسر. ومن أجل الوصول لحياة أفضل، اضطرت الأسر للإقدام على الهجرة إلى الدول الأجنبية بأية وسيلة كانت ومهما كانت مخاطرها، لذا فاننا نهدف من خلال هذا البحث إلى إيجاد حلول آنية لمعالجة مشاكل حرمان الشباب ذكورا وإناثا من مزايا الحماية القانونية للحق في العمل، ومساعدة هذه المدينة من السقوط الاقتصادي، واستغلال المورد البشري فيها، وتحويلهم من طبقة مستهلكة إلى طبقة منتجة، لذا اقترحنا على حكومة الإقليم عن طريق الوزارت المعنية، العمل على إنشاء مشاريع ستراتيجية، منها، بناء مدينة صناعية، وإنشاء مشروع زراعي على نهر الزاب الصغير لتروية الاراضي الديمية فيها، فضلا عن تشييد الطرق المرورية السريعة التي تربط هذه المدينة بالمحافظات الثلاث، وبالأخص محافظة أربيل.
Down-regulation of lncRNA EMX2OS Is Associated with the Prognosis of Patients with Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Regulates Tumour Cell Progression via miR-574-5p
Authors: Cheng Quan , Hu Ting , Zhang Wenhui , Shang Wei , Cao Jinwei , Zhao Huijuan , Wang Haiyan
Published: January 2025

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) represents a malignant subtype of cervical cancer. Identification of novel biomarkers for CSCC development could enhance therapeutic efficiency and improve the patients’ outcomes. This study focused on lncRNA EMX2OS, evaluating its expression and significance in the progression of CSCC while exploring its potential as a therapeutic target. A cohort of 135 patients with CSCC were enrolled, and tissue samples were collected for analysis. The expression of EMX2OS in the tissues was quantified by PCR, with its correlation to the clinicopathological features, and prognosis was evaluated by χ2, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The regulatory effects of EMX2OS on CSCC cells were investigated by CCK8 and Transwell assays, while the underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated by luciferase reporter assays. Significant down-regulation of EMX2OS was observed in CSCC, correlating with advanced FIGO stages, poor differentiation and adverse prognosis of patients. Over-expression of EMX2OS significantly suppressed cell growth and metastasis in CSCC. Negative regulation of miR-574-5p by EMX2OS was observed, and over-expression of miR-574-5p alleviated the inhibition of CSCC cells by EMX2OS. Down-regulated EMX2OS indicates severe disease progression and poor prognosis in CSCC. Over-expression of EMX2OS could inhibit CSCC cell growth and metastasis by negatively modulating miR-574-5p.
High-efficiency radiation beyond the critical angle via phase-gradient antireflection metasurfaces
Authors: Ma Xiaoxuan , He Hainan , Jia Runqi , Chu Hongchen , Lai Yun
Published: January 2025

Total internal reflection generally occurs at incident angles beyond the critical angle, confining electromagnetic waves in dielectrics with higher refractive indices. In this work, we present a metasurface-based solution to transform such total reflection into high-efficiency transmission. We demonstrate that a phase-gradient antireflection metasurface designed on the dielectric surface not only compensates for the transverse wave vectors of the incident and transmitted waves but also addresses the impendence mismatch between the two media, eventually achieving high-efficiency transmission with flexibly-controlled wavefronts beyond the critical angle. The design of this unique metasurface is enabled by applying the reciprocity principle to circumvent the traditional limitation of total internal reflection. The theory and functionalities of the phase-gradient antireflection metasurfaces are verified through both simulations and microwave experiments. Our work opens a new avenue for high-efficiency radiation manipulation beyond the critical angle, enabling rich applications such as high-efficiency waveguide-to-free-space couplers, high-radiation-efficiency quantum dots, and high-radiation-efficiency light-emitting diodes.
A general model for designing the chirality of exciton-polaritons
Authors: Bai Ping , Peng Siying
Published: January 2025

Chirality of exciton-polaritons can be tuned by the chirality of photons, excitons, and their coupling strength. In this work, we propose a general analytical model based on coupled harmonic oscillators to describe the chirality of exciton-polaritons. Our model predicts the degree of circular polarization (DCP) of exciton-polaritons, which is determined by the DCPs and weight fractions of the constituent excitons and photons. At the anticrossing point, the DCP of exciton-polaritons is equally contributed from both constituents. Away from the anticrossing point, the DCP of exciton-polaritons relaxes toward the DCP of the dominant constituent, with the relaxation rate decreasing as the coupling strength increases. We validate our model through simulations of strongly coupled topological edge states and excitons, showing good agreement with model predictions. Our model provides a valuable tool for designing the chirality of strong coupling systems and offers a framework for the inverse design of exciton-polaritons with tailored chirality.
A novel gold and SiO2 material based planar 5-element high HPBW end-fire antenna array for 300 GHz applications
Authors: Kamili Jagadeesh Babu , Aldhaheri Rabah W. , Nella Anveshkumar , Alharbi Khalid H. , Sheikh Muntasir M.
Published: January 2025

This article is intended to propose a novel gold and SiO2 material based planar 5-element high half power beam-width (HPBW) end-fire antenna array for 300 GHz applications. The proposed radiating structure composes of a 5-element off-set feed rectangular patch antenna array fed by a tapered microstrip line to accomplish high HPBW. Off-set feeding and parasitic patch resonators are incorporated to access the end-fire radiation characteristics. This antenna operating frequency ranges from 277.5 to 315 GHz with a peak gain and HPBW of the antenna as 4.98 dBi and around 100°, respectively, at 300 GHz, making it a good radiator at the specified band. A gold material of thickness 5 μm is used as the metal, while the SiO2 with a thickness of 60 μm is adopted for the substrate material. Design, parametric analysis, and lumped element circuit models are also explored in this work. End-fire pattern, high HPBW, and good performance make this antenna to be eligible to use in THz applications such as imaging, scanning, communication, and bio-medical.
Positive and negative risk in adventure tourism discourse: adrenaline hunting in “arctic Lapland”
Authors: Ädel Annelie , Östman Jan-Ola
Published: January 2025

‘Risk’ is typically thought of as something negative, and as something that should be avoided at all cost: risk characteristically has to do with the probability of an unwanted event occurring. However, risk may also be seen as something positive, even energizing, as in the context of financial markets or gambling. Voluntary risk taking has typically been approached through the concepts ‘action’ and ‘edgework’. In this study, both negative and positive aspects of risk are explored in the context of adventure tourism. The focus is on how risk is discursively constructed in adventure tourism websites for Sápmi, centring on destinations in Sweden (Kiruna), Finland (Rovaniemi) and Norway (Tromsø). Our primary material from the booking platform Adrenaline Hunter amounts to 12,000 words. The findings show an ambivalence between negative and positive aspects of risk, but in a scalar sense, ranging from “soft” to “hard” types, with a negotiable awareness of how relative what counts as “extreme” may be. The theoretical suggestion is that positive aspects of risk need to be taken seriously for a fuller understanding of the very concept of ‘risk’ and of the workings of risk discourse.
Effets de la dynamique entrepreneuriale sur le développement durable en République du Congo
Authors: Onounga Donald Dimitri , Ngokanat Penaby Michelle Dominique , Ndinga Mathias Marie Adrien
Published: January 2025

Actuellement, la création d’entreprises joue un rôle prépondérant dans l’économie de plusieurs pays, où sa conséquence sur l’environnement et sur la société n’est pas négligée. L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les effets de la dynamique entrepreneuriale sur le développement durable en République du Congo. Pour ce faire, notre étude a porté sur une période allant de 1990 à 2021, soit 32 observations. En utilisant le modèle à correction d’erreur (MCE) en deux étapes, les résultats obtenus révèlent qu’à court terme la dynamique entrepreneuriale n’améliore pas le développement durable au Congo, quelle que soit sa version (faible ou forte), tandis qu’à long terme, la dynamique entrepreneuriale améliore le développement durable pour ses deux versions (faible et forte). Au regard des résultats obtenus, il apparaît indispensable pour les autorités de mettre en place des politiques d’encouragement aux entreprises qui adoptent les nouvelles technologies dans les pratiques de développement durable.
L' aménagement et l’urbanisme à l’épreuve de la COVID-19 : les perceptions des professionnels œuvrant en MRC au Québec
Authors: Simard Oréli , Simard Martin
Published: January 2025

En mars 2020, le Québec était frappé de plein fouet par la pandémie de COVID-19. Cette catastrophe, qui allait durer plus de trois ans, a eu des effets multiples, notamment dans le champ de l’aménagement et de l’urbanisme. L’objectif général de cet article est de connaître les perceptions et les réactions des intervenants œuvrant au sein des Municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) au cours de la pandémie de COVID-19. Au-delà du sentiment généralisé d’un regain d’intérêt envers les milieux ruraux et la villégiature, plusieurs effets négatifs ont été notés : crise du logement, mobilité réduite, fragilisation du tissu commercial, etc. Ces impacts ont été perçus comme importants, peu importe la localisation des MRC. En dépit de cela, la plupart des professionnels œuvrant en MRC ayant participé à l’étude semblent considérer que les documents de planification en vigueur répondaient aux dimensions territoriales de la catastrophe sanitaire.