bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Protection of Children of Narcotics Abusers with A Restorative Justice Approach
Authors:   Master of Law, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta, Indonesia, Sangjaya Relita Paraniba , Supardi Supardi ,   Master of Law, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: March 2024

This thesis examines the involvement of children in narcotics crimes. This research aims to examine the suboptimal implementation of the Restorative Justice process for children who are perpetrators of narcotics crimes. The effectiveness of prison sentences for children who abuse narcotics is weakened when the responsibility for their rehabilitation is not borne by law enforcement officials. The problems in this research include two main questions regarding what existing regulations relate to legal protection for children involved in drug abuse and how the application of Restorative Justice methods can improve legal protection for children involved in drug abuse. The research methodology used in this research is normative juridical, with qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. Research findings show that legal protection for children involved in drug abuse in Indonesia is realized through the implementation of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law, the Narcotics Law, and the Child Protection Law. Problem solving for minors involved in drug abuse must be based on the principles of restorative justice, which emphasizes restoration of their original condition, and not imprisonment as a form of retaliation. From the perspective that the incorporation of a restorative justice framework must become an integral part of the criminal justice system, it is important to consider the restorative approach as a new paradigm that offers greater effectiveness compared to the punitive strategies used in dealing with cases of child drug abusers.
Convergences of Convenience Among Youths and Survival Induction in The Trends of Nigerians Reality Tv Shows
Authors:   Department of Performing Arts Akwa Ibom State University, Godswill Ahirika, Osondu , Jacob Okon ,   Department of Performing Arts Akwa Ibom State University, Mboho Mbuk ,   Department of Performing Arts Akwa Ibom State University
Published: March 2024

This paper focuses on Reality TV Shows as a trending performance genre which has the capacity to unify the audience in space and idea, and also initiate financial reward to participants. The method of the research is qualitative, while Uses and Gratification Theory is the theoretical framework. The paper argues that there are many current innovations in performance and that a more friendly and enterprising one is Reality television show. Reality television showsinterrogate members of the audience live without embellishmentand easilystimulate immediacy and naturalness. It further argues that Reality TVshowsbring youths together and that many of the shows possess a reward system which encourages the audience to have a longing for them. It concludes that a performance type that can bring a convenient unification amongst the youths and equally reward participants should be encouraged. It recommends that Reality television shows should be de-centred from cities to reach the hinterlands in order to also assist the poor in the rural areas who actually need the reward the performances are doling in their shows..
An Investigation into the Causes of Tax Evasion and Avoidance by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Their Effect on the Zambian Economy in Chililabombwe District
Authors:   The University of Zambia, Graduate School of Business, 10101, Nyirenda Kondwani
Published: March 2024

This study was purposed to investigate the causes of tax evasion and avoidance and its effect on the Zambian economy in Chililabombwe District of the Copperbelt Province. It had two-fold objectives: to examine the causes of tax evasion and avoidance in Chililabombwe District by SMEs, and to determine the effect of tax evasion and avoidance in Chililabombwe District on the Zambian economy. The study used a mixed method approach combining both qualitative and quantitative paradigms in which 110 sample size was targeted. One Hundred and ten (110) questionnaires were distributed and 79 were returned representing 72%. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used. Quantitative data was analysed through the SPSS version 16 while qualitative data was analysed through content analysis focusing on main unfolding themes from the interviews. The study discovered that that there are loopholes in the Zambia Revenue Authority's (ZRA) tax administration system which are due to inefficiencies or inadequate competence of tax collectors, which taxpayers exploit in evading and avoiding tax. The investigation also revealed that on account of the established loopholes, certain revenue collectors collude with taxpayers to commit tax fraud by accepting bribes from them while poor sales, high tax rates, and lack of tax education to SMEs were noted to be among key reasons for tax avoidance. Consequently, the study ascertained with concern that the levels of development in the district, in terms of social amenities, schools, road network, and youth / women empowerment programmes are very low. The study concluded that tax evasion and avoidance were real and rife among the SMEs on account of the factors cited and that mitigative policy measures were required without any further delays. Arising from the results of the study, it was strongly recommended that for tax evasion and avoidance to be mitigated, the revenue authority needs to urgently reform the tax system to make it equitable and fair coupled with rigorous tax education to the traders for sufficient tax knowledge and thereafter digitize tax remittances with ease for the traders to file returns without need for middle persons. Tax morale and ultimately revenue collection can be improved through tax education programs, integrity of tax collectors, and reduction of tax rates chargeable to SMEs. Enhanced training and sensitization to create awareness, reduce compliance cost, and simplify online technology for the overall positive impact on compliance among the SMEs are elements of paramount import for the success of the nation in meeting its socio-economic goals through guaranteed revenue collections by the Revenue House.
Beyond preparatory year composition: applying e-portfolio to lead EFL students toward writing empowerment in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rehman Shafiq Ur , Ahmed Syed Naeem
Published: March 2024

Writing is a crucial output skill that requires various sub-skills, including thinking, analysis, reasoning, arguing, processing, drafting, and concluding. Better writing skills empower a person to convey their message successfully and present or systematically record their ideas. Teachers can teach writing skills as a process rather than a product, which cannot be developed in a semester or program. Teaching writing skills in Saudi Arabia can be challenging due to cultural and linguistic differences (Al-Seghayer,2019). However, paper-based and electronic portfolios can be valuable tools for students to develop their writing skills (Al Badi et al., 2020). The Preparatory Year Program (PYP) at Royal Commission Colleges & Institutes (RCYCI) emphasises writing skills for EFL students and has transitioned from paper-based to online e-portfolios using Blackboard learning platforms. This study involved 970 first-year, second-semester ENG 002 students from the English Department of the RCYCI. Students received writing training using a paper-based portfolio (pre-mid-term) and an e-portfolio (post-mid-term) on Blackboard software. The quantitative data analysis revealed that students’ writing quality significantly improved when taught using the Blackboard-assisted e-portfolio compared to the paper-based portfolio class.
A Review on Hematological Abnormalities Related with COVID-19
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh, Hasan Manir , Jahan Ishrat ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh, Akter Runa ,   Department of Pharmacy, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh, Adon Mobinul Haque ,   Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1461, Bangladesh
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus began in Hubei province, Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus that spreads rapidly around the world. At the end of 2019, and has since spread worldwide, this virus has infected over 14 million people and killed over 600,000 people, making it a major public health problem.
Patients under Palliative Oncology Care
Authors:   Specialist, Santa Ursula University in Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil, Bogossian Tricia
Published: March 2024

When very advanced or in a terminal stage, cancer causes acute painful events. Care applied to patients with active, progressive, and incurable diseases such as cancer must receive effective and broad relief of symptoms, whether physical, psychosocial or spiritual, which only increases the challenge.
The 100 most influential papers in medical artificial intelligence; a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zahoor Fatima , Muhammad Abdullah  , Muhammad Waleed Tahir  , Asif Islam
Published: March 2024

Objective: To assess the current trends in the field of artificial intelligence in medicine by analysing 100 most cited original articles relevant to the field.
Methods: The systematic review was conducted in September 2022, and comprised literature search on Scopus database for original articles only. Google and Medical Subject Headings databases were used as resources to extract key words. In order to cover a broad range of articles, original studies comprising human as well as non-human subjects, studies without abstract and studies in languages other than English were part of the inclusion criteria. There was no specific time period applied to the search and no specific selection was done regarding the journals in the database. The screening was done using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to extract the top 100 most cited articles in the field of artificial intelligence usage in medicine. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 11,571 studies identified, 100(0.86%) were analysed in detail. The studies were published between 1986 and 2021, with a median of 43 citations (IQR 53) per article. The journal ‘Artificial Intelligence in Medicine’ accounted for the highest number 9(9%)) of articles, and the United States was the country of origin for most of the articles 36(36%).
Conclusion: The trends, development and shortcomings in field of artificial intelligence usage in medicine need to be understood to conduct an effective research in areas that still need attention, and to guide the authorities to direct their funding accordingly.
The effects of metabolic syndrome on arterial stiffness: A concise review
Authors: Wijdan Syed Ali , Ali Saljok , Mirza Abia , Nadeem Mahavash
Published: March 2024

Madam,
The term "metabolic syndrome" describes a collection of diseases that escalates a person’s risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, adult-onset diabetes, and other severe health issues. It is also known as Insulin resistance syndrome. A major cause of metabolic syndrome is the development of resistance to insulin due to high levels of fats. (1) Multiple risk factors, including abdominal and central obesity, increased blood pressure, low amount of HDL, and higher amount of LDL and triacylglycerides characterize it. Metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness are interconnected conditions that can significantly impact cardiovascular health. (2) Arterial stiffness is a condition that considers the rigidity of the arterial wall. It involves modification of the automated aspects of the walls of arteries. The macroscopic geometry as well as the intrinsic characteristics of the artery, play a role in its stiffness. (3)
Several mechanisms lead to arterial stiffness in metabolic syndrome patients, the first being inflammation. Upon excess nutrition, adipocytes increase in size and number, which causes decreased perfusion, causing hypoxia. Cell necrosis with the invasion of macrophages and the synthesis of adipocytokines, which consist of the pro-inflammatory mediators, might result from this condition. (1) The increased vascular inflammation will promote vascular fibrosis, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and endothelial-mediated vasodilation, which will ultimately increase arterial stiffness. (4)
Metabolic syndrome is also related to insulin resistance, lipidemia, and central obesity. Chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia may enhance sympathetic nervous system activity, vascular inflammation, and renin-angiotensin system activity. Vascular tissue's angiotensin-aldosterone system results in fibrosis and wall enlargement. Middle-aged people transitioning from gaining body weight to established conditions like hypertension and type 2 diabetes experience arterial stiffness. This transition typically starts with a few minor changes, but Metabolic Syndrome develops when several risk factors are present. (5)
In conclusion, there is evidence to suggest arterial stiffness and metabolic syndrome are closely related and have significant implications for the well-being of an individual. It is essential to address both conditions as they may lead to atherosclerosis, followed by more frequent cardiovascular events and higher mortality. There are various strategies to counter the rise of arterial stiffness, like adding exercises to routines and vitamin K-rich foods to the diet, which will in turn reduce the occurrence of metabolic syndrome disorders in individuals, thus leading to a healthier society.
Utility of single fibre electromyography (SFEMG)and motor unit number estimation technique (MUNE) in the diagnosis and differentiation of polyneuropathies of different aetiology
Authors: Qader Tahseen Mohsin , Abdullah Qasim
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To determine whether single fibre electromyography and motor unit number index can distinguish between axonal and myelin lesions in polyneuropathies.
Method: This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Duhok, Iraq, and the Neurophysiology Department, Hawler Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq, from January 2021 to March 2022. Group A had patients diagnosed with polyneuropathy regardless of the aetiology, while group B had age-matched healthy controls. Both groups were subjected to single fibre electromyography and motor unit number index as well as conventional nerve conduction study and concentric needle electromyography. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 140 subjects, 60(43%) were patients in group A; 40(67%) males and 20(33%) females with mean age 55.3±7.2 years. There were 80(57%) controls in group B; 43(54%) females and 37(46%) males with mean age 53.81±7.15. Group A had significantly higher single fibre electromyography jitter, and mean consecutive difference (MCD) values than group B (p<0.05). Group A patients with axonal polyneuropathy had a higher mean jitter (MCD) value (36.476.7ms) than those with demyelinating polyneuropathy (23.262.31 ms) (P <0.05). Patients in group A had a motor unit number index value with a significantly lower mean value (p<0.05) when compared to the controls. Axonal polyneuropathy patients had a lower MUNIX value (99.612.8) than demyelinating polyneuropathy patients (149.845.7) (P< 0.05).
Conclusions: Single fibre electromyography and motor unit number index could help differentiate between the pathophysiology of axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Key Words: Single fibre electromyography, Motor unit number index, Polyneuropathy classification, Nerve conduction studies.
Postoperative residual curization in geriatric patients: a prospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Sonmez Emine , Guven Aytac Betul , Postaci Aysun
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence and potential risk factors of residual curarisation after surgery and the subsequent acute respiratory events in elderly patients.
Method: The prospective, cohort study was conducted at Ankara City Hospital from July to December 2021, and comprised data of geriatric patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia using moderate-acting nondepolarising muscle relaxants. Postoperative acute respiratory events in the post-anaesthesia care unit were subsequently noted. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 185 patients aged >65 years evaluated, 174(94%) were included; 88(50.6%) females and 86(49.4%) males. The incidence of residual curarisation was in 6(3.4%) patients. Postoperative residual curarisation was significantly associated with smooth recovery process (p<0.05). The recovery was associated with intraoperative bleeding, total dose of neuromuscular blocker, and the length of time from the last dose of neuromuscular blocker to antagonist administration (p<0.05). Postoperative critical respiratory events were more common in patients with postoperative residual curarisation (p< 0.001). The length of stay in post-anaesthesia care unit was 1.57 times longer in such patients (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Postoperative residual curarisation increased length of hospital stay and respiratory complications.
Key Words: Postoperative residual curarisation, Neuromuscular monitoring, Anaesthesia recovery period, Sugammadex, Postoperative care, Elderly patient.
Sometimes less is more: experience with endoscopic myringoplasty
Authors: Ali Mubeen , Mohib Khan Imran , Khan Azam
Published: March 2024

A retrospective review of the outcomes of patients who underwent endoscopic myringoplasties in our institution was conducted. The aim was to highlight our results with this procedure. The database of patient records was manually checked, and the patients who had undergone Endoscopic Myringoplasties were identified, and their demographics, admitting notes, operating notes, and discharge summaries were reviewed. Graft failure was considered if the patient had a perforation in the graft during the outpatient follow-up. The information was compiled, and basic statistics were derived. A total of 31 patients were identified who had undergone Endoscopic Myringoplasty. Patients’ age ranged from 14-52 years. None of the patients developed any immediate post-operative complications. Follow-up otoscopic examination showed 28 patients with an intact graft and only one patient with graft failure.
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A three month old infant with severe respiratory distress
Authors: Ahmed Zainab , Sadiq Sara , Quraishi Shifa , Mirza Sadiq
Published: March 2024

This case report discusses the diagnostic challenge of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) in a three-month old infant with severe respiratory distress. The infant was initially misdiagnosed and managed as a case of pneumothorax. This case highlights the importance of CT scans as a diagnostic tool for early diagnosis and lifesaving management of CLE. It also signifies the need for adequate funds and infrastructure in the health care system especially in rural areas of developing countries like Pakistan.
Keywords: Congenital lobar emphysema, respiratory distress, CT scan.
Determining the cost of acute stroke care for a single stay at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Farhan , Rasool Sundus , Muhammad Ijaz  , Muheer Khan  , Ahmad Sohail
Published: March 2024

Objective: To assess the economic burden of acute stroke, and to determine the average cost of acute stroke care for a single hospital stay in a public tertiary care hospital.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medical Teaching Institute, Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi, Pakistan, from May 16 to September 19, 2022, and comprised patients of either gender who were hospitalised with an acute stroke for the first time. All costs incurred during the care of the patients were measured using the micro-costing methodology, and the association of the cost with other variables was evaluated. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the 34 patients, 24(70.6%) were males and 10(29.4%) were females. The overall mean age was 66+/-13.00 years. The mean length of hospital stay was 4+/-3.00 days. The mean total cost was 18,156+/-9,068 Pakistani rupees, which was the equivalent of 76.89+/-38.4 United States dollars. The cost of the first day of admission was the highest, declining per day as the stay progressed, and imaging/laboratory investigations formed the highest component of the overall cost (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The cost of acute stroke care was found to be high even in a public hospital. The length of hospital stay was the most important determinant of the overall cost.
Key Words: Cost of illness, Healthcare costs, Stroke/economics, Length of stay, Hospitalisation, Economics, Pakistan, Public facility.
Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis and a strong family history—a case of Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome in Pakistan
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Mustafa Arif , Hafeez Tayyaba , Rafi Ud Din
Published: March 2024

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome or Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare condition, with very few reported cases, especially in Pakistan. As healthcare workers, we encounter multiple cases of recurrent epistaxis in the emergency as well as out-patient departments. However, patients are usually treated symptomatically without a thorough workup. HHT should be considered among the differentials for recurrent epistaxis, as a clinical diagnosis can be made with detailed family history and physical examination. Here is the case of a 58-year-old male who presented to the Gastroenterology OPD, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, in November 2021, with complaints of generalised weakness and blood in stools. He had a history of recurrent epistaxis and telangiectasias, and further inquiry revealed a strong family history of similar symptoms. He was diagnosed as a case of Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome. Informed consent was taken from the patient prior to the writing of the manuscript.
Effectiveness of Digital Detox Interventions in Mitigating the Negative Effects of Social Media among Adolescents and Young Adults in Malawi
Authors: Mhone Charity
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of digital detox interventions in mitigating the negative effects of social media among adolescents and young adults.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: Research on digital detox interventions for Malawian youth is limited, but broader studies suggest effectiveness. These interventions reduce social media use, easing loneliness and anxiety while improving sleep. They also encourage offline activities, fostering social engagement and personal growth. Moreover, digital detox programs promote digital literacy, empowering critical social media navigation. Yet, sustaining benefits over time requires further investigation.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: self-determination theory (SDT), social cognitive theory (SCT) & cognitive-behavioral theory (CBT) may be used to anchor future studies on the effectiveness of digital detox interventions in mitigating the negative effects of social media among adolescents and young adults. By identifying effective components and delivery methods of digital detox interventions, practitioners can design interventions that are feasible, acceptable, and sustainable within various settings, including schools, communities, and healthcare facilities. Research on the effectiveness of digital detox interventions has implications for policy development aimed at promoting healthier digital environments.
Research on the Synthesis Process of the Key Intermediate T18 in Nirmatrelvir
Authors: Zhang Mengyu
Published: March 2024

The development of antiviral drugs against COVID-19 has attracted significant interest in recent years. Paxlovid, developed by Pfizer, is an orally administered small molecule drug for the treatment of COVID-19. It has attracted widespread attention due to its outstanding clinical performance. Nirmatrelvir, as the active ingredient of Paxlovid, has a huge market demand. Therefore, the development of a mild, efficient, and industrially feasible synthesis method for Nirmatrelvir is meaningful.

This study investigates the synthesis process of the key amide intermediate T18 in Nirmatrelvir. Various amide synthesis methods were attempted, and it was determined that the best result can be achieved by using HOPO as a catalyst and using EDCI as condensing agent. Based on this, detailed optimization of reaction parameters was carried out to further reduce the amount of HOPO and eliminate the use of ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, brine and magnesium sulfate. Additionally, the post-treatment process was simplified, and a crystallization process more suitable for industrial production requirements was developed. These findings provide important technical support for the industrial production of Nirmatrelvir.
Gezamenlijke reflectie over ethische twijfel met CURA: een laagdrempelig instrument voor moreel beraad
Authors: van Schaik M. , Froyen G.
Published: March 2024

Joint reflection on moral doubts with CURA: a low-threshold clinical ethics support instrument

Healthcare providers frequently encounter morally challenging situations. Clinical ethics support helps them to navigate in these complex situations by fostering reflection and generating new insights and courses of action. CURA is an instrument developed to provide low-threshold support in situations that evoke moral doubt.

This article presents a case study to illustrate how CURA works and to underline the benefits it can bring to healthcare providers. The case involves a woman with Alzheimer’s disease exhibiting restlessness at night, disrupting the sleep of other clients of the residential care center. The night shift nurses want the situation to be resolved, for instance through measures such as fixation. The dementia case manager, however, advocates for an approach that meets her values and the needs of all participants. This case discussion highlights the significance of joint reflection with clinical ethics support: provide good care through generating new courses of action together and reduce moral distress by sharing moral doubts. CURA is one of the methods that can be used to achieve these goals.
Statistical Evaluation of Webometric Analysis of Tourism Websites in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Fakruhayat Ab , Dawood Sharifah Rohayah Sheikh
Published: March 2024

The webometric study analysis utilizes SimilarWeb, a tool designed for market intelligence to assess and evaluate various aspects of tourism websites. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of these websites, focusing on their global and local standings, sources of traffic, user demographics, performance indicators, external sites directing traffic, and the influence of social media during the months of September to November 2023. The study examines how users interact with these websites and their overall traffic to understand how the internet is used within the ASEAN region. The research contributes to the field of webometrics, which is the study of the quantitative aspects of the construction and use of information resources, structures, and technologies on the web. It also provides insights that could improve digital marketing for tourism websites in ASEAN. The analysis reveals that Malaysia’s “tourism.gov.my” is performing notably well on a global scale, boasting a high global ranking at #14,949 and a strong presence within the country, indicating a solid online reputation in the world of tourism. The data also underscores the importance of Google as a source of organic traffic, emphasizing the need for effective SEO strategies to ensure visibility in search results. Vietnam’s tourism website is highlighted for attracting the highest number of visits, suggesting that the country’s online engagement tactics are resonating with users. Both Vietnam and Malaysia are identified as having robust performance metrics, an indicator of successful user engagement strategies. Furthermore, the study points out that the websites of the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia serve as significant referrers, which means they are important in directing visitors to other sites. This reflects the interconnected nature of these platforms and their role in enhancing a website’s overall online presence.
Construction Defects and their Classifications in the Construction Phase of Building Projects – A Review
Authors: Alabi Olumuyiwa Michael , Aminuddin Farrah Azwanee , Misnan Mohd Saidin , Mustaffa Nur Emma
Published: March 2024

Construction defects are a common issue faced by buildings, and they can occur at any point during the building’s lifespan. The construction industry often considers construction defects as the top issue. However, accurately identifying the type of construction defects can be challenging, which makes it difficult to determine their causes and potential mitigation strategies. Several studies have been conducted to identify the various types of construction defects, and this review aims to consolidate and examine the categories of construction defects that occur mostly at the construction stage of building projects to improve the accuracy of detecting their causes and ensuring effective mitigating techniques. Based on the examination and descriptive analysis of previously published research, this review identifies several defect classifications based on; defect nature, defect occurrence time, defect functionality, and defect based on the building process. Classifying construction defects will help construction stakeholders identify potential causes of construction defects at the construction stage and offer preventive strategies during the design and construction stages, which may eventually lead to a reduction in the time and cost of major repairs during the occupancy stage.
The economic efficiency of using protective measures in combating rice pests
Authors: Yesseikyzy U. , Zhamalbekova A.
Published: March 2024

In the conducted research in the conditions of the Karatal District of the Zhetysu Region, an analysis of the economic efficiency of rice pest control methods was performed. Among the main pests damaging the crops are the coastal fly, barley miner, and rice midge. The use of the insecticide dimethoate led to a significant reduction in damage from the coastal fly, increasing the biological efficiency to 90.9-94.2%. This, in turn, resulted in an increase in yield by 2.7-3.6 tons/ha compared to the control group. Data analysis also showed that the application of dimethoate is accompanied by a reduction in rice cultivation costs and an increase in net income. The profitability level of using this insecticide was 69.4%, indicating its high effectiveness in terms of agricultural economics. Additionally, the return on additional expenses for protecting rice crops using dimethoate reaches 2.1 times, confirming the economic feasibility of this protection method. Thus, the research results underscore the importance of applying modern rice protection methods and their positive impact on the economic outcome in the region's agriculture. They also justify the need for further research in this area to optimize the rice cultivation process considering economic aspects.
Data analysis also showed that the application of dimethoate is accompanied by a reduction in rice cultivation costs and an increase in net income. The profitability level of using this insecticide was 69.4%, indicating its high effectiveness in terms of agricultural economics. Additionally, the return on additional expenses for protecting rice crops using dimethoate reaches 2.1 times, confirming the economic feasibility of this protection method.
Thus, the research results underscore the importance of applying modern rice protection methods and their positive impact on the economic outcome in the region's agriculture. They also justify the need for further research in this area to optimize the rice cultivation process considering economic aspects.
Antihypertensive effects of condiments prepared from fermented legumes: A review
Authors: Law Gar Yi , Chong Li Choo , Tang Yin Quan
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of hypertension has been increasing over the years. Thus, dietary guidelines focusing on the reduction of daily sodium intake are introduced. The association between the intake of condiments, one of the major sources of dietary sodium, and the prevalence of hypertension has been investigated. Regardless of high sodium content, condiments prepared from fermented legumes exert antihypertensive effects instead of increasing the risk of hypertension. Considering the hypotensive potency of legume-based condiments, modifications including reduction or removal of sodium content, incorporation of high protein fermentation substrate, changing of fermentation conditions, and selection of different microbial strains have been carried out to enhance their antihypertensive effects. The elevated antihypertensive activity of legume-based condiments is mainly associated with the increment of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides formed during fermentation. The precise mechanisms of legume-based condiments in regulating blood pressure are complex and yet to be validated. Considering the antihypertensive potential of legume-based condiments, the present review paper aimed to summarise and elaborate their antihypertensive effects.
Siting for a Cleaner, More Equitable Grid in Massachusetts
Authors: Garcia Paula , Declet-Barreto Juan , Owen Sofia , Peale Sloan Caitlin , Sathia Sital , Walkey John
Published: March 2024

Siting decisions will be needed for the energy infrastructure required to accelerate the adoption of clean energy, the closure of fossil-fueled power plants, and the electrification of buildings and transportation. This analysis shows how past approaches to siting have resulted in an overconcentration of electricity infrastructure, notably polluting power plants, within or in close proximity to environmental justice neighborhoods. As the state advances changes to its siting process, those decisions must not replicate the failures of our current energy system, thereby overburdening already vulnerable populations. Key recommendations of the analysis address cumulative impacts, representation, and integration of the priorities of public health, environmental justice, and climate for siting decisionmaking.
Fintech: A Stepping Stone Towards Financial Inclusion
Authors: Puzhakkal Rajani , Sivansankaran Sarannya
Published: March 2024

Digital transformation underscored as the fourth industrial revolution has led to the emergence of various sophisticated technology-enabled financial services in various fields. One such major innovation called Fintech took place in the field of commerce and management as well. Fintech as the term implies is the combination of two terms Finance and Technology which simply means application of technology in the field of finance. Fintech refers to all the digital technologies that have the potential to transform the provision of financial services spurring the development of new or modify the existing business models, applications, processes, and products. Global adoption of FinTech is rapidly increasing due to its disruptive nature and is largely embraced by the various participants in the financial sector who are under served by traditional financial service providers. There exists a gap in the literature and visualization research on impact and future pathway of FinTech innovations in payments and financial services and role of financial regulations. This study aims to enrich the understanding of FinTech innovations in payments and financing and investigate the correlation and significance of regulatory framework in maintaining a fair ecosystem where the under served sections of the economy are included in the main stream economy. For this purpose, data were collected by using a well-designed Personal Interview Schedule and was circulated to 100 respondents under convenient sampling technique. The collected data were then analyzed with the help of statistical tools like Simple Percentage Analysis, Ranking method and Mean Percentage Analysis. The results of this study imply that the under served sections of the economy still remains the same and also provide a holistic insight to innovations in FinTech
Problems and Prospects of Elected Women Representatives at Grass Root Level in Kerala with Special Reference to Palakkad District
Authors: V Deepa , P Vasanthakumari
Published: March 2024

It’s been decades after implementing the 73rd Amendment to the Indian Constitution. The capacity-building measures taken by the Government aim to develop the Elected Women Representatives at the Panchayat level to lift them to societal needs and to adapt themselves to the forefront leaving behind all the difficulties they faced in the past which will make them completely competent to be a leader. Local Governance had remarkable progress after the inclusion of women into the mainstream of politics.  Here, attempts are made to analyze the socio-economic and political profile of the Elected Women Representatives and the problems faced by the elected women representatives at the individual level and institutional levels in the Palakkad district of Kerala.
The Evolution of Customer Service: Identifying the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment and Management in Call Centres
Authors: Pillai Maya C
Published: March 2024

The transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping customer service within call centres. As AI technologies advance, there is a growing trend of automation replacing human agents in these service-oriented environments. The adoption of AI in call centers raises concerns about job displacement for human agents. The economic repercussions of this shift need to be carefully addressed to mitigate potential societal challenges. The economic impact of AI customer care and management is a dynamic interplay of cost efficiency, enhanced productivity, and ethical considerations. Striking a balance between technological advancement and societal well-being is imperative for a sustainable future of the industry.
Factors Affecting Intention to Purchase Private Health Insurance: A Study with Reference to Middle Income Group in Thrissur District
Authors: C Parvathi P , Paul Deepa
Published: March 2024

There was a paradigm shift in global demand for health insurance during last decade.  However, penetration in India is still far behind global average and Kerala, is not an exception. Understanding perception of people and factors driving their intention to purchase hence is of prime importance. With this objective, this study investigates the determinants of health insurance purchase intention among prospective buyers in Thrissur district. The study is based on primary data collected from middle income group private sector employees in urban areas of district who are not yet taken individual health insurance policy. This work focuses on middle income group respondents since there exist potential for expansion of insurance services in this stratum. Empirical analysis done using multiple regression revealed delicate, yet significant relationship between Perceived risk, awareness, cost, and intention to purchase.
An Investigation on the Use of Electronic Resources by Faculty and Research Scholars of National Law Universities of North India
Authors: Singh Sonam , Kumar Manish
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine how research scholars and faculty at National Law Universities of North India use and are aware of electronic resources for legal information. The parameters used to determine the level of awareness of e-resources include the easiest way to access legal e-resources, obstacles and difficulties encountered when doing so, the most popular online legal database, and recommendations for e-resource promotion. A well-structured questionnaire intended for faculty members and research scholars at a select National Law Universities of North India was used to gather the necessary data for the study. According to the study, the most popular online databases are Manupatra and SCC Online, while the most popular e-resources are law reform reports and case law databases. Upgrading of ICT facilities, the acquisition of new databases and e-resources, and the planning of end-user training programs are all ways to improve end-user awareness and utilization of e-resources. The study further highlighted the need for NLUs to maintain a set of guidelines and policies regarding encouraging users to use electronic resources in order to improve usage.
Graduation work
Authors: Van Andel Cathelijne , Corbeek Max , Duijn Melanie , Duisters Sara , Ter Hart-Koopal Willemijn , Hattink Doris , Houvenaghel Marijke , Ten Hove Joëll , Kooijman Agnes , Kreikamp Esther , Lubbers Laura , Peschier Anna , Reyniers Lara , Schuit Romy , Van Slochteren Frebus , Wieske Margreet
Published: March 2024

Preface
In nummer 2 van 2022 introduceerde het Bulletin KNOB een tweejaarlijkse rubriek ‘afstudeerwerk’, waarin de studenten die hadden meegedongen naar de KNOB Stimuleringsprijs 2021 hun onderzoek presenteerden. In dit nummer vindt u de tweede editie van die rubriek. Het bevat samenvattingen van scripties ingezonden voor de KNOB Stimuleringsprijs 2023. De zestien scripties zijn geschreven aan twee Belgische universiteiten (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven en Vrije Universiteit Brussel), vier Nederlandse (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Technische Universiteit Delft, Universiteit Utrecht, Universiteit van Amsterdam) en een hogeschool (Inholland Delft). Ze behandelen herkenbare architectuurhistorische thema’s als de negentiendeeeuwse arbeiderswoning, plafondontwerpen van Daniel Marot en historisch glas-in-lood, maar ook aanverwante onderwerpen als de ‘soundscape’ van de kerken van Christopher Wren, archeologisch erfgoed als herinneringsplaats, en – op het snijvlak van de architectuurhistorie en de sociale geschiedenis – de speeltuin tussen 1878 en 1978. De KNOB Stimuleringsprijs leidt tot meer. Het afstudeeronderzoek van Sara Duisters over kunststof gevels resulteerde al in een publicatie in het recente themanummer Post 65. Winnaar van de Stimuleringsprijs 2023 Lara Reyniers schreef voortbouwend op haar afstudeeronderzoek voor het huidige nummer samen met Stephanie Van de Voorde en Ine Wouters een artikel over de omgang met afbraakmaterialen in Brussel in de periode 1860-1940. Daarmee is dit nummer bijna volledig gevuld met het werk van jonge vakgenoten. In de bijdrage van Reyniers et al staan nu eens niet de creatie en bouw van architectuur centraal, maar de afbraak ervan, en dan met name het beleid ten aanzien van het sloopafval. De behandelde periode was er een van grootschalige stedelijke vernieuwing die veel afval opleverde, waaronder puin, bijzondere bouwfragmenten en van alles daar tussenin. Hoe de Brusselse overheid hiermee omging is interessant, zeker ook in het huidige tijdsgewricht, waarin sloop en sloopafval – nu vanuit een duurzaamheidsoogpunt – opnieuw in de aandacht staan. De redactie
Electrification Charges Forward
Authors: Brenner Brett , Squires Nelson
Published: March 2024

The path toward a sustainable future involves transitioning to clean energy and decreasing our reliance on fossil fuels. The introduction of the incandescent light bulb in the 1880s was the first spark that set humanity on the course of electrification. Although by 1925, only half of American homes had electricity, advances in electrical technology over the next decades greatly increased our dependence on power. In modern times, rapid advancements in emerging technologies, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and smart devices, requires further electrification and making the additional energy use that all these devices require safe and efficient.
Community Participation in the Provision of Educational Facilities in Public Schools and Community Development in Cross River State
Authors: Uzoh Esther , Anam Bassey , Ironbar Virginia
Published: March 2024

Public secondary schools play a vital role in imparting knowledge and skills to students, which are essential for their personal and societal development. However effective learning cannot take place without educational facilities. Public schools are established and managed by the government, but at other times the community plays a support role in contributing to the security of the school, decision-making, and infrastructural development among other things. This study aims to examine the relationship between community participation in the provision of educational facilities in public schools and community development, using the Central Senatorial District of Cross River State as a case study. The ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. A sample size of 600 respondents was randomly selected from the six local government areas that make up the Senatorial district. 575 questionnaires were properly filled and returned. Pearson moment correlation coefficient was used for analysis. The result from the analysis shows that there exists a significant relationship between community participation in the provision of educational facilities and community development in Cross River State. The study therefore recommends the need for the community, non-government organizations and individuals to support the development of education and other sectors in the State.
Political Stability, Quality of Governance and Stock Market Performance in Nigeria: A VECM Approach
Authors: Maduka Olisaemeka , Kalu Chris , Onugha B. Chinwendu
Published: March 2024

Governance structure is riddled with rent-seeking behaviour by public agents, public institutions are not only ineffective and retroactive but there is also no regards to rule of law, no accountability and above policy inconsistencies which affects the economy including vibrant development of the stock market. This paper examined the impact of political stability and quality of governance market performance in Nigeria from 1986-2022. The variables of this study are credit to the private sector, gross domestic product, inflation, and investment (domestic), and broad money supply. The other variables are political stability, quality of governance government expenditure, unemployment and value of stocks traded. The data for these variables were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the National Bureau of Statistics of various years. This paper was anchored on the efficient market hypothesis and the impulse response function and variance decomposition was used. The result suggested that market capitalization was strongly endogenous in the short-run predicting itself about 93 percent and 86 to 85 percent in the long-run while a one standard deviation of shock from gross domestic product to market capitalization continuously decreased from periods 1 to 10. The conclusion from the analysis of the findings is that political stability and quality of governance impacted on stock market performance. This paper recommended economy-wide reforms tom stem the impact of negative shock on the economy and stock market.