bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monensin toxicosis in a dog with initial apparent recovery followed by severe relapse
Authors: Vitello Giuseppe , Good Jennifer
Published: October 2023

This case report describes successful intensive care management of a toxic myopathy in a 7‐month‐old, female, entire springer spaniel secondary to presumed monensin intoxication. The dog was seen chewing a monensin capsule, and was subsequently presented to the local veterinary practice with generalised weakness, ataxia, hypersalivation and pyrexia. Intravenous lipid emulsion‐activated charcoal and intensive fluid therapy were administered. Bloodwork identified a marked increase in serum creatine kinase activity (226,554 iu/L; reference range: 0–400 iu/L). The patient was discharged the following day after initial hospitalisation, with a complete resolution of clinical signs. Five days after exposure, a rapid deterioration required veterinary assessment at the referral hospital. The patient recovered and was discharged after 9 days of hospitalisation. This case report describes recurrence of clinical signs of monensin toxicosis after initial improvement. However, with aggressive emergency care, symptomatic therapy and intense monitoring, a positive outcome was achieved.
Primary ocular hemangiosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Barrantes Murillo Daniel Felipe , de Souza Teixeira Campos Maria Eduarda , Oh Annie , Smith Hannah , Negrão Watanabe Tatiane Terumi
Published: October 2023

A 10‐year‐old, male, neutered Boxer dog had an ulcerated mass covering nearly 90% of the left cornea. The dog had a 1year and 5months history of a previously removed left corneal hemangiosarcoma before clinical presentation. Visualisation and evaluation of the anterior chamber and internal ocular structures could not be performed because of the severe extension of the ocular mass. Enucleation of the left eye (OS) with extensive removal of the associated soft tissue was performed and submitted for histological examination. Histological findings confirmed corneal hemangiosarcoma with neoplastic extension to the limbus/conjunctiva. Corneal hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas are rare in all domestic species. In dogs, a definitive cause for the development of corneal hemangiosarcomas is still undetermined. However, it is speculated that increased exposure to solar radiation and chronic inflammation‐inducing neovascularisation are predisposing factors. There was no evidence of mass recurrence or metastasis after 5 months of follow‐up.
Simulating body deformations with initial stresses using Hooke‐like isotropic hypoelasticity models based on corotational stress rates
Authors: Korobeynikov Sergey N. , Larichkin A. Yu.
Published: October 2023

We use isotropic hypoelastic models based on corotational stress rates to simulate deformations of elastic bodies with initial stresses. Four material models based on different corotational stress rates are used: the Zaremba–Jaumann, Green–Naghdi, logarithmic, and Hill models. The main result of the study are new objective algorithms for integrating stresses that provide sufficiently accurate values of stresses for large time steps. In addition, a new approach to symmetrizing tangent stiffness matrices that has a clear mechanical interpretation was used in computations. All four material models were implemented in a homemade FE system for nonlinear analysis of deforming bodies. The developed algorithms were verified and validated by solving both uniform deformation problems that have exact solutions and applied problem of plate bending with non‐equilibrated initial stresses. The performance of the developed software was assessed by comparing numerical solutions obtained using this software with similar solutions obtained using the commercial MSC.Marc nonlinear FE system. Comparative analysis of the obtained solutions shows that our software is comparable in performance with one of the leading commercial software packages for solving problems of isotropic hypoelasticity with initial stresses.
Measuring Transcription Dynamics of Individual Genes Inside Living Cells
Authors: Brouwer Ineke , de Kort Marit A. C. , Lenstra Tineke L.
Published: October 2023

Transcription is a highly dynamic process, which, for many genes, occurs in stochastic bursts. Studying what regulates these stochastic bursts requires visualization and quantification of transcription dynamics in single living cells. Such measurements of bursting can be accomplished by labeling nascent transcripts of single genes fluorescently with the MS2 and PP7 RNA labeling techniques. Live-cell single-molecule microscopy of transcription in real time allows for the extraction of transcriptional bursting kinetics inside single cells. This chapter describes how to set up the MS2 or PP7 RNA labeling system of endogenous genes in both budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammalian cells (mouse embryonic stem cells). We include how to genetically engineer the cells with the MS2 and PP7 system, describe how to perform the live-microscopy experiments and discuss how to extract transcriptional bursting parameters of the genes of interest.
Quantifying ATP-Independent Nucleosome Chaperone Activity with Single-Molecule Methods
Authors: McCauley Micah J. , Joshi Joha , Becker Nicole , Hu Qi , Botuyan Maria Victoria , Rouzina Ioulia , Mer Georges , James Maher L. , Williams Mark C.
Published: October 2023

The dynamics of histone-DNA interactions govern chromosome organization and regulates the processes of transcription, replication, and repair. Accurate measurements of the energies and the kinetics of DNA binding to component histones of the nucleosome under a variety of conditions are essential to understand these processes at the molecular level. To accomplish this, we employ three specific single-molecule techniques: force disruption (FD) with optical tweezers, confocal imaging (CI) in a combined fluorescence plus optical trap, and survival probability (SP) measurements of disrupted and reformed nucleosomes. Short arrays of positioned nucleosomes serve as a template for study, facilitating rapid quantification of kinetic parameters. These arrays are then exposed to FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription), a non-ATP-driven heterodimeric nuclear chaperone known to both disrupt and tether histones during transcription. FACT binding drives off the outer wrap of DNA and destabilizes the histone-DNA interactions of the inner wrap as well. This reorganization is driven by two key domains with distinct function. FD experiments show the SPT16 MD domain stabilizes DNA-histone contacts, while the HMGB box of SSRP1 binds DNA, destabilizing the nucleosome. Surprisingly, CI experiments do not show tethering of disrupted histones, but increased rates of histone release from the DNA. SI experiments resolve this, showing that the two active domains of FACT combine to chaperone nucleosome reassembly after the timely release of force. These combinations of single-molecule approaches show FACT is a true nucleosome catalyst, lowering the barrier to both disruption and reformation.
The Community Relations Model (CoRe): An Integrated Systems Response to Early Mental Health Support for Children and Families in Communities
Authors: van Roosmalen Marc
Published: October 2023

Mental health has traditionally followed a medical illness or deficit model, where distress is individualized and treatment is subsequently aimed at individual children and families. Studies of the incidence of child mental health problems across Europe, United States and the United Kingdom (UK) all identified a significant upward trend in prevalence over the last decade. In the UK, resources have been allocated to the development of child mental health services. One priority area has been the development of preventative mental health services within schools. This chapter argues that a rethink is required in order to respond effectively to the significant increase in mental health need and that the current model does not provide an adequate response. This chapter proposes a relational model, one that works systemically with partners and communities, as opposed to a singular expansion in the provision of individualized treatment. It reimages the construct of mental health using a broad evidence base and then develops service provision from this foundation. This creates a wider community resource base to address mental distress in our society and enables mental health practitioners and organizations to have a wider systemic impact on children, young people and families.
Epilogue
Authors: Myra Siv Merete , Grøver Tone , Axberg Ulf
Published: October 2023

When we started working on this book, many countries in the world were still in lockdown because of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the countries of the authors. Lockdowns had lasted for almost two years, and our daily lives had gone through changes we could not have imagined before the pandemic. We developed new vocabularies and new ways of relating.
The Conservation of Cham Cultural Heritage in Vietnam
Authors: Tuyen Quang Dai
Published: October 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the conservation of Cham cultural heritage in Vietnam and its significance to the country’s rich cultural history. It specifically focuses on the heritage sites and artifacts in Ninh Thuan Province, which is home to a significant number of Cham communities. The chapter highlights the importance of preserving Cham cultural heritage for future generations and for understanding the cultural diversity of Vietnam. The aim of this chapter is to give readers an understanding of the history and current state of Cham cultural heritage conservation in Vietnam, and provide a foundation for further exploration and analysis.
Navigating the Balance Between Revenue Generation and Conservation at a Cham Living Sacred Heritage Site: Priestly Views and Challenges
Authors: Tuyen Quang Dai
Published: October 2023

Tourism Benefit-Sharing (TBS) has gained significant attention in the past two decades as a means of providing economic opportunities and preserving natural protected areas (PAs) and cultural heritage sites globally.
Expositionen mit Fruchtpflanzen in Deutschland im Zeitraum 2010–2019
Authors: Wendt Sebastian , Prasa Dagmar , Lübbert Christoph , Begemann Kathrin , Franke Heike
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Anfragen zu Fruchtpflanzen sind ein häufiger Konsultationsgrund von Giftinformationszentren, wobei hervorzuheben ist, dass es keine großen systematischen Studien zur Giftigkeit auf Grundlage von Expositionsdaten gibt. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Bestimmung des Vergiftungsrisikos durch Fruchtpflanzen in Deutschland.

Methoden

Retrospektive Untersuchung der Daten des Gemeinsamen Giftinformationszentrums Erfurt zu Vergiftungsanfragen bzgl. Fruchtpflanzen (2010–2019) mit ausführlicher Darstellung vorab publizierter Zwischenergebnisse, tabellarischer Handreichung und Pflanzenfotografien als Identifizierungshilfe sowie Trendanalysen.

Ergebnisse

Aus 16.088 Pflanzenexpositionen mit 16.700 Pflanzen wurden 214 verschiedene Fruchtpflanzenarten identifiziert. 45 Fruchtpflanzenarten (21 %) stellten sich als relevant (≥ 30 Anfragen) heraus, davon 6 (2,8 %) als hochrelevant (≥ 300 Anfragen). Allen relevanten Pflanzen wurde eine definierte Risikokategorie (RK) zugeordnet: RK 0 (2; 4,4 %), RK 1 (26; 57,8 %), RK 2 (12; 26,7 %) und RK 3 (5; 11,1 %). Von den Anfragen bezogen sich 6 % (459/7607) auf RK 0, 47,9 % (3645/7607) auf RK 1, 39,3 % auf RK 2 (2986/7607) und 6,8 % (517/7607) auf RK 3. 69,5 % (5284/7607) der Anfragen betrafen Kleinkinder (1 bis < 6 Jahre). Die Expositionsfolgen waren für alle Altersklassen zu 82 % symptomlos, 14,7 % leichtgradig, 3 % mittelschwer und 0,3 % schwer, wobei schwere Vergiftungen durch 7 Pflanzenarten verursacht wurden. Eine Intervention wurde in 66,8 % (5079) der Anfragen eingeleitet. Anfragen betrafen am häufigsten: Taxus baccata, Ligustrum vulgare, Physalis alkekengi, Prunus laurocerasus, Convallaria majalis, Mahonia spec., Sambucus spec., Lonicera spec., Sorbus aucuparia, Thuja spec., Hedera helix und Cotoneaster spec.

Diskussion

Vergiftungen durch Fruchtpflanzen in Deutschland sind selten. Es besteht allerdings ein hoher Informations- und Aufklärungsbedarf.
Tensile properties and sustainability assessment of vat photopolymerization 3D printed components with recovered plastic filler
Authors: Bianchi Iacopo , Forcellese Archimede , Mancia Tommaso , Simoncini Michela
Published: October 2023

Raw material production represents one of the major issues of additive manufacturing as it can be an expensive and environmentally impactful phase. One example is provided by the light-curing resins used in vat photopolymerization processes. To this purpose, this study aims at evaluating the use of recovered polyamide powders as filler for photocurable resins from different perspectives; to this purpose, tensile tests were performed in order to evaluate the effect of recovered powder content as filler on the mechanical properties of the resin. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscopy and computed tomography analyses were carried out to investigate the fracture mechanisms and dispersion of the filler within the resin. Finally, a life cycle assessment analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of different reused power contents as filler on the environmental impact of 3D printed components. Results showed that the use of recovered powder as filler for light-curing resin in vat photopolymerization 3D printing parts allows the obtaining of an improvement in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus up to 62% and 107%, respectively. In addition, a reduction in environmental impacts up to 48% was obtained. A homogeneous dispersion of the particles within the resin was observed at the different filler contents investigated.
Subgroups of hyperbolic groups, finiteness properties and complex hyperbolic lattices
Authors: Llosa Isenrich Claudio , Py Pierre
Published: October 2023

We prove that in a cocompact complex hyperbolic arithmetic lattice $\Gamma < {\mathrm{PU}}(m,1)$
Γ
<
PU
(
m
,
1
)
of the simplest type, deep enough finite index subgroups admit plenty of homomorphisms to ℤ with kernel of type $\mathscr{F}_{m-1}$

F

m
−
1

but not of type $\mathscr{F}_{m}$

F
m

. This provides many finitely presented non-hyperbolic subgroups of hyperbolic groups and answers an old question of Brady. Our method also yields a proof of a special case of Singer’s conjecture for aspherical Kähler manifolds.
Triticum timopheevii s.l. (‘new glume wheat’) finds in regions of southern and eastern Europe across space and time
Authors: Filipović Dragana , Jones Glynis , Kirleis Wiebke , Bogaard Amy , Ballantyne Rachel , Charles Michael , de Vareilles Anne , Ergun Müge , Gkatzogia Eugenia , Holguin Amy , Hristova Ivanka , Karathanou Angeliki , Kapcia Magda , Knežić Dolores , Kotzamani Georgia , Lathiras Pavlos , Livarda Alexandra , Marinova Elena , Michou Stavroula , Mosulishvili Marine , Mueller-Bieniek Aldona , Obradović Djurdja , Padgett Matthew , Paraskevopoulou Pelagia , Petridou Chryssi , Stylianakou Haroula , Zerl Tanja , Vidas Doris , Valamoti Soultana Maria
Published: October 2023

Triticum timopheevii sensu lato (‘new glume wheat’, NGW) was first recognised as a distinct prehistoric cereal crop through work on archaeobotanical finds from Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in northern Greece. This was later followed by its identification in archaeobotanical assemblages from other parts of Europe. This paper provides an overview of the currently known archaeobotanical finds of Timopheev’s wheat in southeastern and eastern Europe and observes their temporal span and spatial distribution. To date, there are 89 prehistoric sites with these finds, located in different parts of the study region and dated from the Neolithic to the very late Iron Age. Their latest recorded presence in the region is in the last centuries bce. For assemblages from the site as a whole containing at least 30 grain and/or chaff remains of Timopheev’s wheat, we take a brief look at the overall relative proportions of Triticum monococcum (einkorn), T. dicoccum (emmer) and T. timopheevii s.l. (Timopheev’s wheat), the three most common glume wheats in our study region in prehistory. We highlight several sites where the overall proportions of Timopheev’s wheat might be taken to suggest it was a minor component of a mixed crop (maslin), or an unmonitored inclusion in einkorn or emmer fields. At the same sites, however, there are also discrete contexts where this wheat is strongly predominant, pointing to its cultivation as a pure crop. We therefore emphasise the need to evaluate the relative representation of Timopheev’s wheat at the level of individual samples or contexts before making inferences on its cultivation status. We also encourage re-examination of prehistoric and historic cereal assemblages for its remains.
Impact of operator expertise on transperineal free-hand mpMRI-fusion-targeted biopsies under local anaesthesia for prostate cancer diagnosis: a multicenter prospective learning curve
Authors: Calleris Giorgio , Marquis Alessandro , Zhuang Junlong , Beltrami Mattia , Zhao Xiaozhi , Kan Yansheng , Oderda Marco , Huang Haifeng , Faletti Riccardo , Zhang Qing , Molinaro Luca , Wang Wei , Guo Hongqian , Gontero Paolo , Marra Giancarlo
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Transperineal mpMRI-targeted fusion prostate biopsies (TPFBx) are recommended for prostate cancer diagnosis, but little is known about their learning curve (LC), especially when performed under local anaesthesia (LA). We investigated how operators’ and institutions’ experience might affect biopsy results.

Methods

Baseline, procedure and pathology data of consecutive TPFBx under LA were prospectively collected at two academic Institutions, from Sep 2016 to May 2019. Main inclusion criterion was a positive MRI. Endpoints were biopsy duration, clinically significant prostate cancer detection rate on targeted cores (csCDR-T), complications, pain and urinary function. Data were analysed per-centre and per-operator (with ≥ 50 procedures), comparing groups of consecutive patient, and subsequently through regression and CUSUM analyses. Learning curves were plotted using an adjusted lowess smoothing function.

Results

We included 1014 patients, with 27.3% csCDR-T and a median duration was 15 min (IQR 12–18). A LC for biopsy duration was detected, with the steeper phase ending after around 50 procedures, in most operators. No reproducible evidence in favour of an impact of experience on csPCa detection was found at operator’s level, whilst a possible gentle LC of limited clinical relevance emerged at Institutional level; complications, pain and IPSS variations were not related to operator experience.

Conclusion

The implementation of TPFBx under LA was feasible, safe and efficient since early phases with a relatively short learning curve for procedure time.
Influence of various factors on the legal outcome of cases of child abuse—experiences gathered at an interdisciplinary forensic examination center in Vienna, Austria
Authors: Kletečka-Pulker Maria , Doppler Klara , Völkl-Kernstock Sabine , Fischer Laura , Eitenberger Magdalena , Mussner Mark , Klomfar Sophie , Mora-Theuer Eva Anna , Grylli Chryssa , Atanasov Atanas G. , Greber-Platzer Susanne
Published: October 2023

Background and objective

To improve the currently low conviction rate in cases of child abuse a forensic examination center for children and adolescents (FOKUS) was established in Vienna, Austria. Besides a state of the art treatment combined with forensic documentation, one of FOKUS’ key goals is to identify potential areas for improvements within the process legal proceedings in cases of child abuse through constant scientific monitoring. The accompanying study at hand includes all patients referred to FOKUS within a two year timeframe (n = 233), monitoring their progression from first contact with the medical professionals from FOKUS to the end of criminal proceedings. A detailed analysis of case files was performed in those cases that were reported to the legal authorities by the clinicians of FOKUS (n = 87). Aim of the study is to investigate which factors contribute to the initiation of legal proceedings and a successful conviction.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that main proceedings were opened more often in cases where the offender was an adult (p < 0.001) or admitted his guilt (p < 0.001) and if digital traces were available (p = 0.001) or trial support (p = 0.024) present. Furthermore, the combined occurrence of medical documentation and victim disclosure was related to a higher probability of opening main trials.

Conclusion

These findings underline how challenging the successful persecution of an offender in cases of child abuse is.
Carbon availability affects already large species-specific differences in chemical composition of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelia in pure culture
Authors: Fransson Petra , Robertson A. H. Jean , Campbell Colin D.
Published: October 2023

Although ectomycorrhizal (ECM) contribution to soil organic matter processes receives increased attention, little is known about fundamental differences in chemical composition among species, and how that may be affected by carbon (C) availability. Here, we study how 16 species (incl. 19 isolates) grown in pure culture at three different C:N ratios (10:1, 20:1, and 40:1) vary in chemical structure, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We hypothesized that C availability impacts directly on chemical composition, expecting increased C availability to lead to more carbohydrates and less proteins in the mycelia. There were strong and significant effects of ECM species (R2 = 0.873 and P = 0.001) and large species-specific differences in chemical composition. Chemical composition also changed significantly with C availability, and increased C led to more polysaccharides and less proteins for many species, but not all. Understanding how chemical composition change with altered C availability is a first step towards understanding their role in organic matter accumulation and decomposition.
Comprehensive Health Assessment for Children in Out-of-Home Care: An Exploratory Study of Service Needs and Mental Health in a Norwegian Population
Authors: Haune Monica , Nissen Alexander , Christiansen Øivin , Myrvold Trine M. , Ruud Torleif , Heiervang Einar R.
Published: October 2023

A comprehensive model for routine multi-disciplinary health assessment for children in out-of-home care was piloted in a Norwegian region. This paper reports on identified service needs and mental disorders among 196 children (0–17 years) receiving the assessment. Cross-sectional data was extracted from assessment reports. Results show needs across a range of services, with a mean of 2.8 recommended services for children aged 0–6 and 3.3 for children aged 7–17. Mental disorders were identified in 50% of younger children, and 70% of older children. For all children, overall service need was associated with mental disorders, in addition to male gender among younger children. Need for specialized mental health services was associated with mental disorders among younger children and increasing age among older children. The high frequency of service needs and mental disorders illustrate the importance of offering comprehensive health assessments routinely to this high-risk child population and necessitates coordinated service delivery.
A Review of Community Health Worker Integration in Health Departments
Authors: Ignoffo Stacy , Gu Shannon , Ellyin Alexander , Benjamins Maureen R.
Published: October 2023

Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who bridge the gap between historically marginalized communities, healthcare, and social services. Increasingly, states are developing the CHW workforce by implementing training and certification policies. Health departments (HDs) are primarily responsible for community health through policy implementation and provision of public health services. The two objectives of this study are to explore: (1) state progress in establishing CHW training and certification policies, and (2) integration of CHWs in HD workforces. In this scoping review, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2012 and 2022. We looked for articles that discussed state-level certification and training for CHWs and those covering CHWs working with and for city, county, state, and federal HDs. We excluded studies set outside of the US or published in a language other than English. Twenty-nine studies were included for review, documenting CHWs working at all levels of HDs. Within the included studies, HDs often partner with organizations that employ CHWs. With HD-sponsored programs, CHWs increased preventative care, decreased healthcare costs, and decreased disease risk in their communities. Almost all states have begun developing CHW training and certification policies and are at various points in the implementation. HD-sponsored CHW programs improved the health of marginalized communities, whether CHWs were employed directly by HDs or by a partner organization. The success of HD-sponsored CHW programs and state efforts around CHW training and certification should encourage increased investment in CHW workforce development within public health.
Chemometrics using near-infrared spectra for the quantification of robusta coffee and chicory added as adulterants in roasted arabica coffee
Authors: Munyendo Leah , Babor Majharulislam , Zhang Yanyan , Hitzmann Bernd
Published: October 2023

Roasted ground coffees are targets of concern regarding intentional adulteration with cheaper foreign materials because, in this form, it may be difficult to detect due to the small particle size and the dark color. Therefore, a significant interest is developing fast, sensitive, and accurate methodologies to quantify adulterants in roasted coffees. This study investigated the potential of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to quantity robusta coffee and chicory in roasted arabica coffee. The adulterated arabica coffee samples were composed of robusta coffee or chicory ranging from 2.5 to 30% in increments of 2.5%. Four regression approaches were applied: gradient boosting regression (GBR), multiple linear regression (MLR), k-nearest neighbor regression (KNNR), and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The first three regression models were performed on the features extracted from linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, two classification methods were applied (LDA and KNN). The regression models derived based on LDA-extracted features presented better performances than PCA ones. The best regression models for the quantification of robusta coffee were GBR (pRMSEP of 13.70% and R2 of 0.839) derived based on PCA-extracted features and MLR (pRMSEP of 1.11% and R2 of 0.998) derived based on LDA-extracted features. For the chicory quantification, the same models derived under the same settings as mentioned above also presented the best performances (GBR, pRMSEP = 9.37%, R2 = 0.924; MLR, pRMSEP = 1.54%, R2 = 0.997). The PLSR prediction errors for the quantification of arabica coffee and chicory were 9.90% and 8.09%, respectively. For the classification methods, the LDA model performed well compared to KNN. Generally, some models proved to be effective in quantifying robusta and chicory in roasted arabica coffee. The results of this study indicate that NIR spectroscopy could be a promising method in the coffee industry and other legal sectors for routine applications involving quality control of coffee.
Enhanced activity of bimetallic Fe-Cu catalysts supported on ceria toward water gas shift reaction: synergistic effect
Authors: Landi Gianluca , Sorbino Giulia , Migliardini Fortunato , Ruoppolo Giovanna , Di Benedetto Almerinda
Published: October 2023

Within the “hydrogen chain”, the hight-emperature water gas shift reaction represents a key step to improve the H2 yield and adjust the H2/COx ratio to fit the constraints of downstream processes. Despite the commercial application of the high-temperature water gas shift, novel catalysts characterized by higher intrinsic activity (especially at low temperatures), good thermal stability, and no chromium content are needed. In this work, we propose bimetallic iron-copper catalysts supported on ceria, characterized by low active phase content (iron oxide + copper oxide < 5 wt %). Fresh and used samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction in hydrogen to relate physicochemical features and catalytic activity. The sample with iron/copper ≈ 1 and 4 wt % active phase content showed the best catalytic properties in terms of turnover frequency, no methane formation, and stability. Its unique properties were due to both strong iron-copper interaction and strong metal-support interaction, leading to outstanding redox behavior.
“Welcoming Spaces”: Migration and New Communities in Marginalised Regions
Authors: Moralli Melissa , Pachocka Marta , Leung Maggi W. H.
Published: October 2023

The presence of migration in non-urban areas is mainly related to the paradoxical coexistence of both restrictive migration policies and a proliferation of welcoming initiatives. These initiatives are aimed at (co-)creating “welcoming spaces” and are often driven by older residents and migrant people but can equally be the outcome of initiatives by local governments, NGOs, and businesses. This contribution introduces the potentialities and limits of these initiatives to create hybrid forms of hospitality and prospects to enhance local development. It opens with a reflection on the political relevance of welcoming spaces and their governance from an international and national perspective. Second, it reflects upon the social and narrative significance of welcoming and hospitality. Considering the intersections between the political and the discursive dimension of welcoming spaces, it closes with a recommendation to recognise the collective dimension of hospitality and to create the basis for re-imagining spaces of conviviality in non-urban areas to sustain fairer and more inclusive societies.
Myocardial infarction care in low and high socioeconomic environments: claims data analysis
Authors: Hilt Alexander D. , Umans Victor A. W. M. , Vossenberg Tessel N. E. , Schalij Martin J. , Beeres Saskia L. M. A.
Published: October 2023

Background

To date, claims data have not been used to study outcome differences between low and high socioeconomic status (SES) patients surviving ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in the Netherlands.

Aim

To evaluate STEMI and NSTEMI care among patients with low and high SES in the referral area of three Dutch percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centres, using claims data as a source.

Methods

STEMI and NSTEMI patients treated in 2015–2017 were included. Patients’ SES scores were collected based on their postal code via an open access government database. In patients with low (SES1) and high (SES4) status, revascularisation strategies and secondary prevention medication were compared.

Results

A total of 2065 SES1 patients (age 68 ± 13 years, 58% NSTEMI) and 1639 SES4 patients (age 68 ± 13 years, 63% NSTEMI) were included. PCI use was lower in SES1 compared to SES4 in both STEMI (80% vs 84%, p < 0.012) and NSTEMI (42% vs 48%, p < 0.002) patients. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed more often in SES1 than in SES4 in both STEMI (7% vs 4%, p = NS) and NSTEMI (11% vs 7%, p < 0.001) patients. Optimal medical therapy use in STEMI patients was higher in SES1 compared to SES4 (52% vs 46%, p = 0.01) but comparable among NSTEMI patients (39% vs 40%, p = NS). One-year mortality was comparable in SES1 and SES4 patients following STEMI (14% vs 16%, p = NS) and NSTEMI (10% vs 11%, p = NS).

Conclusion

Combined analysis of claims data and area-specific socioeconomic statistics can provide unique insight into how to improve myocardial infarction care for low and high SES patients.
The record and trends of natural disasters caused by gullies in Brazil
Authors: Kuhn Caiubi Emanuel Souza , Reis Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira , Lazaretti Andrea Fregolente , Zarfl Christiane , Cabral Victor Carvalho , Grathwohl Peter
Published: October 2023

Ravines and gullies are advanced stages of linear erosion that occur in many countries, causing economic, social, and environmental impacts. This research aims at analyzing the official record of disasters caused by ravines and gullies in Brazil, with a focus on analyzing the economic impacts. The Brazilian Civil Defense Integrated Information System (S2ID) database was applied in the analysis, combined with a bibliographic review made in the Scopus database. The results obtained from the civil defense database show a growing trend in the number of disasters related to ravines and gullies in the last decade (2011–2020), with 76 cases recorded between January 2013 and May 2019. From these 76 cases, 24 of them were further analyzed to provide information about the socioeconomic impacts. In total, an estimated loss of US$ 54 million was recorded in the considered period. The greatest economic impacts were related to damage to public infrastructure, such as sanitary and sewage water system, buildings and, especially, residential areas in urban perimeters. The spatial distribution of disasters related to linear erosion in Brazil suggests a connection between the development of ravines and gullies and the agricultural frontier of the country, especially in the North and Midwest regions, including the biomes of Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) and Amazon Rainforest, where the greatest changes in land use occurred between the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century. Although the S2ID is an important data base for analyzing the impacts caused by ravines and gullies, the results suggest that the system's records do not account for medium- and long-term impacts.
Social Entrepreneurship Impact in Ten EU Countries with Supportive Regulations
Authors: Fernández-Guadaño Josefina , Diez Raquel Montes
Published: October 2023

This research examines the impact of social entrepreneurship (SE) on sustainability and innovation by considering the determining factors of entrepreneurship as identified in the literature. The authors undertake an empirical analysis with structural equation modeling for ten European Union countries with supportive regulations related to SE: Belgium, Holland, Slovenia, Spain, Finland, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Romania. The data used is obtained primarily from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor-Specific report on SE (GEM), Eurostat Database, and SDG Index database. The findings show that social and economic factors are positively related to SE. The impact of SE on sustainability and innovation is also found to be positive. SE becomes an important asset by creating economic benefits through innovation and sustainable welfare. This research contributes to the gap in current empirical research. The authors identify reasons for these findings and offer some practical insights to design policies, such as an adequate legal and fiscal framework, to promote social entrepreneurship.
Quantitative imaging of doxorubicin diffusion and cellular uptake in biomimetic gels with human liver tumor cells
Authors: Degerstedt Oliver , O’Callaghan Paul , Clavero Ada Lerma , Gråsjö Johan , Eriksson Olle , Sjögren Erik , Hansson Per , Heindryckx Femke , Kreuger Johan , Lennernäs Hans
Published: October 2023

Novel tumor-on-a-chip approaches are increasingly used to investigate tumor progression and potential treatment options. To improve the effect of any cancer treatment it is important to have an in depth understanding of drug diffusion, penetration through the tumor extracellular matrix and cellular uptake. In this study, we have developed a miniaturized chip where drug diffusion and cellular uptake in different hydrogel environments can be quantified at high resolution using live imaging. Diffusion of doxorubicin was reduced in a biomimetic hydrogel mimicking tissue properties of cirrhotic liver and early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (373 ± 108 µm2/s) as compared to an agarose gel (501 ± 77 µm2/s, p = 0.019). The diffusion was further lowered to 256 ± 30 µm2/s (p = 0.028) by preparing the biomimetic gel in cell media instead of phosphate buffered saline. The addition of liver tumor cells (Huh7 or HepG2) to the gel, at two different densities, did not significantly influence drug diffusion. Clinically relevant and quantifiable doxorubicin concentration gradients (1–20 µM) were established in the chip within one hour. Intracellular increases in doxorubicin fluorescence correlated with decreasing fluorescence of the DNA-binding stain Hoechst 33342 and based on the quantified intracellular uptake of doxorubicin an apparent cell permeability (9.00 ± 0.74 × 10–4 µm/s for HepG2) was determined. Finally, the data derived from the in vitro model were applied to a spatio-temporal tissue concentration model to evaluate the potential clinical impact of a cirrhotic extracellular matrix on doxorubicin diffusion and tumor cell uptake.

Graphical abstract
Endovascular treatment of patients with stroke caused by anterior cerebral artery occlusions
Authors: Vos Erik M. , Kappelhof Manon , den Hartog Sanne J. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Emmer Bart J. , Roozenbeek Bob , van Zwam Wim H. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , van der Worp H. Bart , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , van Es Adriaan C. G. M. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Dippel Diederik W. J. , Peeters-Scholte Cacha M. P. C. D. , van den Wijngaard Ido R. ,   the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: October 2023

Background

Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is uncommon but may lead to significant disability. The benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) for ACA occlusions remains uncertain.

Methods

We included patients treated with EVT and compared patients with ACA occlusions with patients who had internal carotid artery (ICA) or proximal (M1/M2) middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions from the MR CLEAN Registry. Primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS). Secondary outcomes were functional independence (mRS 0–2), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, delta-NIHSS (baseline minus NIHSS score at 24–48 h), and successful recanalization (expanded thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (eTICI) score 2b-3). Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), periprocedural complications, and mortality.

Results

Of 5193 patients, 11 (0.2%) had primary ACA occlusions. Median NIHSS at baseline was lower in patients with ACA versus ICA/MCA occlusions (11, IQR 9–14; versus 15, IQR 11–19). Functional outcome did not differ from patients with ICA/MCA occlusions. Functional independence was 4/11 (36%) in patients with ACA versus 1949/4815 (41%) in ICA/MCA occlusions; median delta-NIHSS was − 1 (IQR − 7 to 2) and − 4 (IQR − 9 to 0), respectively. Successful recanalization was 4/9 (44%), versus 3083/4787 (64%) in ICA/MCA occlusions. Mortality was 3/11 (27%) versus 1263/4815 (26%). One patient with ACA occlusion had sICH; no other complications occurred.

Conclusion

In this cohort ACA occlusions were uncommon. Functional outcome did not differ between patients with ACA occlusions and ICA/MCA occlusions. Prospective research is needed to determine feasibility, safety, and outcomes of EVT for ACA occlusions.
A higher-order life crafting scale validation using PLS-CCA: the Italian version
Authors: Ingusci Emanuela , Angelelli Mario , Sternativo Giovanna Alessia , Catalano Alessia Anna , De Carlo Elisa , Cortese Claudio G. , Demerouti Evangelia , Ciavolino Enrico
Published: October 2023

In this study, we highlight Life Crafting Scale (LCS) factor structure and model specifications by using partial least squares structural equations modelling (PLS-SEM) and confirmatory composite analysis (CCA), with a sample of Italian students ($$n=953$$

n
=
953

). From the validation results obtained through PLS-CCA, we identify the emergence of both the reflective nature of the scores of the LCS subscale and an alternative measurement model of the LCS scores as a second-order reflective–reflective model.
Characterization of a circular arc electron source for a self-neutralizing air-breathing plasma thruster
Authors: Taploo Anmol , Soni Vikas , Solomon Halen , McCraw Marshall , Lin Li , Spinelli Jake , Shepard Steven P. , Solares Santiago D. , Keidar Michael
Published: October 2023

The paper presents an enhanced version of an arc electron source designed for air ionization applications in a self-neutralizing air-breathing plasma thruster. The arc electron source is specifically suited for the air-breathing plasma thruster, as it allows precise control of mean electron energy levels. This paper focuses on the ionization aspects of air-breathing thrusters through the development of axially magnetized arc electron sources. The sources consist of a circular and coaxial configuration of a metallic arc plasma source coupled with a positively biased grid to extract electrons and control mean electron energy. The average mean electron energy of electrons in the arc electron source is regulated by adjusting the bias voltage of the grid within the range of 0 V – 300 V. To investigate the behavior of ion current density and electron density concerning pressure and mean electron energy, the current probe and magnetic filter were utilized. It was demonstrated that the circular electron source leads to enhanced ionization of airflow by achieving plasma densities greater than 1018 m−3. By utilizing a high-speed camera for the circular arc electron source, the arc spot was seen to move azimuthally due to the magnetic field. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and a conductance measurement system were employed for the coaxial arc electron source to examine the deposition and conductance of the electron extraction grid. While the grid underwent deposition of about 600 microns, the conductance was observed to increase/saturate with time and bias voltage, indicating an electrically “self-healing material”.
Measuring HL in adolescent students: a preliminary report on the development of a task- and skills-based assessment instrument for use in educational settings
Authors: Sercu Lies
Published: October 2023

Health Literacy (HL) refers to personal competencies for accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying health-relevant information in order to make sound decisions in everyday life that promote the prevention of bad and maintenance of good health. Schools are seen as promising intervention settings for promoting these skills in adolescents. School testing that reflects health-related tasks that students need to complete in daily life stands the best chance of promoting growth in HL. Testing can facilitate the transfer of learning, i.e. the application of previous learning in the solution of novel problems in different contexts. This study presents a newly developed performance-based instrument for the measurement of HL knowledge and skills in adolescents in a school-based context, as well as the results of a validation study. The instrument aims to measure adolescents’ generic HL and takes account of competency-based principles of education. The results of the validation study prove the reliability, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, and construct validity (expert panel and factor analysis) of the newly designed instrument. The study also demonstrates that the instrument can distinguish between weaker and stronger students.
Theories and Technologies of Hypervelocity Shock Tunnels
Authors: Jiang Zonglin , Chue Randy S. M.
Published: October 2023

Learn to design and improve state-of-the-art aerodynamic ground testing facilities in this comprehensive reference book, with particular focus on high-enthalpy shock tunnels. Including the latest advances in detonation-driven high-enthalpy shock tunnels, readers will discover how to extend test time with brand new concepts and duplicate real hypersonic flight test conditions. Through a systematic approach, the book describes technologies for a variety of different drivers in hypersonic and high-enthalpy shock tunnels. The fundamental theories for hypersonic and high-enthalpy shock tunnels are described step-by-step, with examples throughout, providing an accessible introduction. Built on years of real-world experience, this book examines in detail the advantages and challenges of improving test flow qualities, including increasing total pressure and enthalpy, model scale amplification and test-time extending for different types of shock tunnel drivers. This is an ideal companion handbook for aerospace engineers as well as graduate students.
The Mizo Discovery of the British Raj
Authors: Jackson Kyle
Published: October 2023

High in the eastern Himalayan foothills, people had a unique vantage point on the British Empire. The Mizo Discovery of the British Raj presents a history of Mizoram in Northeast India told from historical Indigenous perspectives of encounters with empire from the 1890s to the 1920s. Based on a wide range of research and enriched by sources newly digitised by the author through the British Library's Endangered Archives Programme, Kyle Jackson sheds new light on the complex and violent processes of how and why diverse populations of highland clans in the Indo-Burmese borderlands came to redeﬁne themselves as Christian Mizos. By using historical Indigenous concepts and logics to approach early twentieth-century imperial encounters, Jackson guides readers into a decolonial history of Northeast India, demonstrating the value of thinking not just about the histories of colonized peoples and concepts but also with them.
Sarah Mercer and Herbert Puchta's 101 Psychological Tips
Authors: Mercer Sarah , Puchta Herbert
Published: October 2023

A compact, user-friendly reference book which draws from up-to-date research and theories from psychology to offer teachers with practical tips for small changes which they can make to their practice which will significantly improve learner outcomes and teaching. Focussing on principles from 'nudge theory', this publication aims to facilitate positive learning and teaching scenarios. The book is organised around six core areas of the psychology of language learning and teaching: teacher wellbeing; leading with compassion, authority and skill; balancing the socio-emotional climate of your group; improving learner self-esteem; empowering students.
Wartime Shakespeare
Authors: Lidster Amy
Published: October 2023

This is the first book-length, interdisciplinary study of how Shakespeare has been mobilized in performance at times of conflict spanning the eighteenth to the twenty-first century. It sets out a brand-new critical methodology that recognizes how wartime theatre is mediated by networks of production and reception that control its meaning and impact. Performances of Shakespeare's plays, like the texts themselves, do not have single or fixed meanings, and one production context often brings together conflicting agendas and responses. Amy Lidster explains how differing productions of Shakespeare shed light on issues at the heart of conflicts and negotiate concepts such as patriotism, commemoration, and propaganda. With wide-ranging transhistorical coverage, she argues that wartime Shakespeare is defined by its malleability and plural (mis)understandings, which determine its power to shape the experience of war, the political issues at stake during a period of crisis, and the construction of narratives of conflict.