bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discourse on Islamization of Perspective Science
Authors: Asnawan Asnawan
Published: August 2018

This paper aims to understand and hope about the Islamization of science perspective al Faruqi that disciplines are not regulated and programmed from the sky. Discipline is born from the matrix of a special worldview and hierarchically always subordinated to the worldview. The disciplines of science have no autonomous  existence for themselves but evolve according to specific historical and cultural environments and have only a meaning in the world view which gives birth and evolves them. The division of knowledge into the present disciplines is a peculiar manifestation of Western civilization when formulating the problems at hand. For example, the discipline of orientalism was developed because the West regarded Islam as a problem to be studied, analyzed and dictated. Thus, accepting the division of disciplines according to Western epistemology as al Faruqi still does, is synonymous with subordinating the Islamic world-view to Western civilization.
Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum Dan Dana Alokasi Khusus Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Machmud Joice , Radjak Lukfiah Irwan
Published: August 2018

This research figures out and analyzes the influence of regency own revenue (PAD), general allocation funds (DAU), and special allocation funds (DAK) on the financial performance of Gorontalo Regency Government, and analyze the dominant variables that affect the Financial Performance of Gorontalo Regency Government. Quantitative approach is applied in this research with multiple regression analysis tools that include Partial Test and simultaneous test. The data used is quantitative internal secondary data, namely LRA period 2012-2016 Gorontalo District Government for all govermental apparatus (SKPD). The results showed that partially, regency own revenue variable (X1) has no significant influence on the value of 0.403 to the financial performance of Gorontalo Regency. General allocation funds variable (X2) has no significant influence with the value of 0.661 on the financial performance of Gorontalo Regency. Special allocation funds  (X3) variable has significant influence with significance value 0.000 on financial performance of Gorontalo Regency. It is also shown that simultaneously the independent variables (PAD, DAU and DAK) have a significant effect on the dependent variable, which is the financial performance of Gorontalo Regency Government period 2012-2016 with a significance value of 0.000. It is suggested that further researchers conducting the same study add other variables and use the ratio of local financial independence for performance variables.
Peran dan Manfaat Modal Sosial dalam Peningkatan Efektivitas Kerja Karyawan Sektor Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Sentra Kerajinan Tas dan Koper Tanggulangin Sidoarjo
Authors: Widodo Harge Trio
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research is to identify and describe the shape of social capital that exist in the centers of craft bags and suitcases Tanggulangin. Identify the role of social capital in improve the effectiveness of employees in the center of bags and suitcases craft Tanggulangin. Identify the use of social capital by craftmen in their business development. Sampling method used in this study are done by purposive, decide the informant by selective informant. Data analysis method used is descriptive analysis. The result showed that social capital is formed in the industrial centers of bags and suitcases Tanggulangin started from family, relatives, neighbors and their friends, and grow together with local habit. The role of social capital to form a network, a sense of trust, social norms, leadership, and solidarity among employees and craftsmen in Tanggulangin. The benefits of social capital in the industrial centers of bags and suitcases in Tanggulangin found to form a good mutual cooperation among them, the knowledge transfer, and maintained good communication. Efforts to increase social capital is done by sharing the workload and remuneration managed transparently and in accordance with the capabilities and contributions of employees.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Budaya Organisasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. ” X ” Sidoarjo
Authors: Andriani Dewi
Published: August 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of Style of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture and Work Environment on Employee Performance either partially or simultaneously. And to determine the most significant effect between the influence of the Style of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT.”X” Sidoarjo. This study used data tabulation of the results of the questionnaire respondents. The sample used in this study were 57 employees at PT.”X” The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis, the coefficient of determination (R2), the partial correlation coefficient, t test, F test and classical assumption by using SPSS version 17 for Windows. Primary data was obtained from a questionnaire that the measurement using a Likert scale that tested the validity and reliability. The results based on test validity and reliability of the data indicates that is valid and reliable. Based on t test and F test showed that the Style of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture and the Working Environment and simultaneous partial effect to the Employee Performance. Between the Style of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture and the Working Environment which has the most significant effect toward employee’s performance is organizational culture.
Analisis Dampak Sosial dan Ekonomi Kebijakan Pengembangan Kawasan Mix Use di Kecamatan Jabon
Authors: Agustina Isna Fitria , Octaviani Ricka
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to describe the analysis of regional development policy mix use Jabon, from policy making, policy, to implementation and evaluation of policies. This study is also to expose social and economic impact of regional development policy mix use Jabon. Using qualitative research, with the informant as many as six people. The informants field staff of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure (Infrastructure) Planning Agency (Bappeda), Head of a Sub Jabon, staff Kupang Village, the Village Head Tambakkalisogo, Kedungpandan Village Head, and Head of DusunTelocor. The results of this study indicate that first, all policy was appropriate and good. Second, the formulation of policies have done well with the needs of the community. Third, in the implementation of regional development policy mix use Jabon from 2003 to 2016 was still limited to the construction of the road and not in accordance with the concept created. Evaluation until now has not been done by the government of Sidoarjo. Social impact is a positive impact in terms of education and health services increased. There are also negative impacts, road construction makes the location of prostitution in the area Telocor increasingly crowded. Economically there has been no impact is felt by the public.
Kemitraan Pemerintah-Swasta dalam Program Corporate Social Responsibility di Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Putri Magya Ramadhania , Rodiyah Isnaini
Published: August 2018

This research aims to describe community empowerment program synergistic held by local government of Pasuruan regency and the implementation of CSR program by PT HM Sampoerna Tbk in Sukorejo Sub-district, Pasuruan Regency, in addition to describe public-private partnership pattern between local government of Pasuruan regency and private sector. Descriptive type of research and qualitative method through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation were used in this thesis.Result of this research reveals the implementation of PPP with CSR basis between local governments of Pasuruan regency with PT HM Sampoerna Tbk is mutualism partnership. Yet, private sector is a dominant actor in this partnership, whilst local government of Pasuruan regency only play their role and function as regulator, namely to make local government regulation Number 31 Year 2012 about CSR. The lack of government's portion in running this partnership caused by the absence of CSR forum. Public-private partnership here belongs to pseudo partnership due to there are no any written agreements between local government and private sector.
Kewenangan dalam Penerapan Pengaturan Analisis Dampak Lalu Lintas (Andalalin)
Authors: Prasetyo Feri
Published: August 2018

Traffic Impact Analysis (Andalalin) as a special study on the construction of any buildings and other land use of the city's transportation system, especially the road network in the building. In order to support it, hotels, malls and so on were built. Along with those development would lead to changes in land use, for example, change of land designation that turned into centers of activity. Implementation traffic impact analysis (andalalin) in Sidoarjo did not maximal yet. There are some weaknesses, namely the gap between legislation and implementation. Residential areas with a density high enough such as offices, shops and trade, hotels, hospitals, schools, industrial and sports stadiums. This problem can be solved by traffic impact analysis prior to the issuance of building permits (IMB) and some were after. In addition, traffic management as an approach also be designed to deal with the impact of the trip was awakened to the existing road network.
Pengaruh Dosis dan Interval Pemupukan Zn-30% terhadap Produksi dan Komponen Hasil Tanaman
Authors: Rezamela Erdiansyah , Rachmiati Yati , Trikamulyana Tito
Published: August 2018

Zinc deficiency (Zn) in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] may inhibit growth and decreases shoots production. To overcome the deficiency, zinc is generally given in the form of zinc sulphate fertilizer (Zn 22.75%) through foliar application. Today there is a micro-fertilizer with a higher zinc consentration (Zn-30%). The research aimed to determine the effect of dosage and application interval of Zn-30% micro fertilizer on production and yield component of tea shoot. The experiment was conducted in Pasirmalang Estate, Afdeling Wetan Block Pakurendeng II, PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII Pangalengan Bandung, West Java, altitude ±1,600 m asl, from November 2016 to June 2017. The tea clone used was productive GMB 7. Experiments were designed by randomized block design with 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor is Zn-30% that consisted of 4 levels i.e. Zn-30% with a dose of 300, 250, and 200 g/ha respectively, and  ZnSO4 with a dose of 2 kg as control. The second factor is interval of application that consisted of 2 levels, once and twice applications after plucking. Variables observed were production and yield components of tea shoot. The results showed that application of Zn-30% with a dose of 300 g/ha in one time interval of application after plucking effectively increased shoot production compared to other doses, but not significantly different with ZnSO4 in two time interval of application. Application of Zn, either in the form of oxide salt or zinc sulphate, increased the percentage of pecco shoots and reduces number of banji shoots.
China’s trade in climate smart goods: an analysis of trends and trading patterns
Authors: Chowdhury Tonmoy , K M Nazrul Islam A
Published: August 2018

Trade and investment have positive effects on economic growth and development, especially for developing countries, where trade openness could play a crucial role to eliminate poverty. But in the same way trade and investment can also harm the environment by producing GHG, pollutions and other environmental negative externalities. Since economic development, trade and environment are elaborately interconnected, it is indispensable to amalgamate environmentally affiliated issues on the development agenda. With expansion of economic activities and trade on the one hand and consequent threats to the environment on the other, the question of environment-friendly trade has emerged as a serious policy agenda in recent years. In that context, trade in climate smart goods (CSGs) is assumed to play a significant role in promoting sustainable development pathway. Given that China’s global trade is expanding at an unprecedented scale, the present paper is designed to analyze the trends and trading patterns of China’s trade in CSGs with the rest of the world. Based on the collected data covering the period of 1992 to 2016 from UN Comtrade, the analyses indicate that total trade in CSGs by China has been increasing, but its share in total trade volume is still very low. It is understood that China’s exports and imports of CSGs are dominated by a few products, namely photosensitive semiconductor devices (854,140), static converters (850,440), articles of plastic and arts of other material (392,690), photovoltaic system controller (853,710), discharge lamps, fluorescent (853,931), parts of electric motors, generators, generating sets and rotary converters (850,300), machine and mechanical appliance (847,989), other lead-acid accumulators (850,720), prism, mirrors and other optical elements unmounted (900,190), cooking appliances and plate warmers (732,111), gears and gearing, other than toothed wheels (848,340), other machinery, plant and equipment (841,989), filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for gases (842,139), etc. While the major trading partners of China for CSGs are the USA, Japan, India, Malaysia, Germany, Korea Republic, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Russia, Brazil, Australia, Pakistan, Israel, among others.
Assessment of cryptocurrencies as an asset class by their characteristics
Authors: Ankenbrand Thomas , Bieri Denis
Published: August 2018

The cryptocurrency market has witnessed significant growth in the past few months. The emergence of hundreds of new digital currencies and the huge increase in the prices of their leading representatives have attracted a lot of attention from investors. However, the financial characteristics of the cryptocurrency markets have not been systematically evaluated yet. As a consequence, there is currently no consensus on whether cryptocurrencies constitute an individual asset class or if they share substantial similarities to stocks, bonds, commodities or foreign exchange. Based on Markowitz et al. (2017) this paper aims to fill this lack of research by evaluating the cryptocurrency market based on seven requirements of an individual asset class. The authors find that the cryptocurrency market distinguishes itself remarkably from established asset classes in terms of risk and return. Additionally, the low correlation between the cryptocurrency markets and these established asset classes induces a diversification potential for investors, leading to more favorable risk/return profiles of their portfolios. But also the emergence of investment services and products provided by the financial industry and the increasingly cost-effective access to cryptocurrencies corroborate the conclusion that cryptocurrencies can be seen as an individual asset class.
The Effects of Curcumin on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profiles Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Vakili Sina , Lankarani Kamran B. , Akbari Maryam , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Ferns Gordon , Karamali Fatemeh , Karamali Maryam , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Kouchaki Ebrahim , Asemi Zatollah
Published: August 2018

Background:

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were
performed to determine the effects of curcumin intake on glycemic control and lipid profiles among patients with
metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders.

Methods:

We searched the following databases up until January 2018: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science,
and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The relevant data were extracted and evaluated for quality of
the studies in accordance with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method
and expressed as standardized mean difference (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results:

Twenty-six trials with 1890 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. The findings demonstrated
the significant association between curcumin intake and reduced fasting glucose levels (SMD -0.78;
95% CI, -1.20, -0.37; P<0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (SMD -0.91; 95%
CI, -1.52, -0.31; P=0.003) and HbA1c (SMD -0.92; 95% CI, -1.37, -0.47; P<0.001). In addition, curcumin supplementation
was significantly associated with triglyceride (SMD -1.21; 95 % CI, -1.78, -0.65; P<0.001) and total
cholesterol reduction (SMD -0.73; 95 % CI, -1.32, -0.13; P= 0.01). However, curcumin intake significantly increased
insulin levels (SMD 0.92; 95% CI, 0.06, 1.78; P=0.036). We found no significant effect of curcumin
supplementation on LDL- (SMD -0.52; 95% CI, -1.14, 0.11; P=0.10) and HDL-cholesterol levels (SMD 0.28;
95% CI, -0.22, 0.77; P=0.27).

Conclusion:

Overall, curcumin consumption was associated with a significant reduction in fasting glucose,
HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels among patients with MetS and related disorders, but
did not affect LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels.
Role of Regulatory T Cells in Infection and Vaccination During Early Infancy
Authors: Funes Samanta C. , Mansilla Miguel A. , Canedo-Marroquín Gisela , Lay Margarita K. , Riedel Claudia A. , Kalergis Alexis M.
Published: August 2018

Reducing infant mortality due to infectious diseases is one of the most important public health goals
worldwide. Several approaches have been implemented to reach this goal and vaccination has been an effective
strategy for reducing infant and newborn mortality. However, the immunological features of neonates and infants
represent a significant barrier to the effectiveness of vaccination. Since regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are known
to play an active role in contributing to various mechanisms of suppression of the immune cell function. It has
been proposed that these immune cells could decrease the immunogenicity of vaccines administered in newborns
and infants. In this article, we discuss the various types of Treg cells, along with their suppressing and inhibitory
mechanisms, which are used by these cells in the context of infectious and immunization processes in newborns
and infants.
Individualized Tacrolimus Therapy for Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: Considerations for Ontogeny and Pharmacogenetics of CYP3A
Authors: Sun Jie-Yu , Xu Ze-Jun , Sun Fang , Guo Hui-Lei , Ding Xuan-Sheng , Chen Feng , Xu Jing
Published: August 2018

Tacrolimus is used initially as an immunosuppressant drug in solid organ transplant population. This
calcineurin inhibitor has also been recommended by KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Glomerulonephritis
for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults. Tacrolimus is characterized by a narrow therapeutic
index and large pharmacokinetic (PK) variations. Therefore, routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is
critical to keep tacrolimus blood levels within the therapeutic range. Tacrolimus is mainly metabolized by cytochrome
P450 (CYP) enzymes 3A5 and 3A4. Actually, for pediatric patients, they are totally different to adults.
Profound changes in CYP3A expression and activity occur throughout fetal life and in the neonatal and childhood
periods thereby influencing their catalytic function. CYP3A7, CYP3A5, and CYP3A4 display an age-dependent
maturation pattern. Notably, the CYP3A7-CYP3A4 switch taking place during the very early life will affect tacrolimus
metabolism. Meanwhile, CYP3A isoforms are polymorphic enzymes, especially for CYP3A5. The
guideline has recommended that the tacrolimus dosage should be adjusted according to the CYP3A5 genotype.
Additionally, genetic CYP3A4 variation (e.g., CYP3A4*22) is also associated with interindividual variability of
exposure level to tacrolimus. However, age (ontogeny) sometimes trumps genetics (genotype) in determining the
enzymatic functions (phenotype) in pediatric patients. It’s important to discriminate at what age the ontogeny
plays key roles and at what age genetic variation become a major determinant. Thus, we need to better understand
the mechanisms driving the CYP3A maturation and integrate ontogeny and genetics into the tacrolimus
disposition, thereby tailoring the dosage individually for pediatric NS patients at different developmental stages.
Melatonin as Potential Targets for Delaying Ovarian Aging
Authors: Yang Yanzhou , Cheung Hoi-Hung , Zhang Cheng , Wu Ji , Chan Wai-Yee
Published: August 2018

In previous studies, oxidative stress damage has been solely considered to be the mechanism of ovarian aging, and several antioxidants have been used to delay ovarian aging. But recently, more reports have found that endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, sirtuins, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomeres, gene mutation, premature ovarian failure, and polycystic ovary syndrome are all closely related to ovarian aging, and these factors all interact with oxidative stress. These novel insights on ovarian aging are summarized in this review. Furthermore, as a pleiotropic molecule, melatonin is an important antioxidant and used as drugs for several diseases treatment. Melatonin regulates not only oxidative stress, but also the various molecules, and normal and pathological processes interact with ovarian functions and aging. Hence, the mechanism of ovarian aging and the extensive role of melatonin in the ovarian aging process are described herein. This systematic review supply new insights into ovarian aging and the use of melatonin to delay its onset, further supply a novel drug of melatonin for ovarian aging treatment.
Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Nettle as New Candidate Inhibitors of Main Enzymes Responsible on Type-II Diabetes
Authors: Salim Bouchentouf , Said Ghalem , Kambouche Nadia , Kress Soumaya
Published: August 2018

Background:

In medicinal chemistry, the discovery of small organic molecules that can
be optimized and lead to a future drug capable of effectively modulating the biological activity of a
therapeutic target remains a major challenge. Because of the harmful secondary effects of synthesized
therapeutic molecules, the development of research has been oriented towards phytomedicines.
Phenolic compounds from medicinal plants are constantly explored for new therapeutic use.

Methods:

In this paper, we studied interactions between main enzymes responsible for causing
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and phenolic compounds from nettle (Urtica dioica L.) using molecular
Docking with Molecular Operating Environment Software (MOE).

Results:

Docking results show a common molecule (secoisolariciresinol), which may form stable
complexes with depeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase with binding
energy of -7.04732084 kcal/mol, -3.82946181 kcal/mol and -4.16077089 kcal/mol respectively.
Besides secoisolariciresinol, other phenolic compounds give better docking score than the original
co-crystallized ligand for alpha-amylase (PDB ID 5U3A) and beta-glucosidase (PDB ID 1OGS).

Conclusion:

The obtained results are promising for the discovery of new alpha-amylase and betaglucosidase
inhibitors. This study also confirms the folk use of nettle as antidiabetic agent.
Isolation and Identification of Certain Phenolic Compounds from Salix mucronata Leaf Extracts and Evaluation Them as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: El-Sayed Mortada M. , Abdel-Aziz Maher M. , Abo-Sedra Salah , Mohamed Heba R. , Abdel-Lateef Ezzat E.-S.
Published: August 2018

Background:

In recent years, plant extracts are considered as an important source of many
drug formulations for treatment of human beings from infection diseases. The objective of this study
was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Salix mucronata leaves extracts and isolate their bioactive
phytochemicals.

Methods:

The dry powder of Salix mucronata was extracted with different aqueous methanol concentrations.
The 85% methanolic extract was further fractionated using different organic solvents. The antimicrobial
activity of different extracts and fractions was evaluated. The most bioactive fractions were
submitted for chromatographic isolation and structure elucidation of their phytochemicals using chromatographic
and spectroscopic methods.

Results:

The ethyl acetate and the butanolic fractions derived from 85% MeOH extract gave a high
antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones ranging between 10 mm and 26 mm and minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) value of 8 mg/mL. While the butanolic fraction showed zones of inhibition
ranging between 10 mm and 25 mm with MIC 8 mg/mL. Six compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate
fraction and their structures were elucidated as; apigenin (1), quercetin (2), quercetrin (3), rhamnazin
-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), Chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronoid- 6ʺ -methyl ester (5), and tremuloidin
(6). Also, five compounds were isolated from the butanolic fraction and their structures were
elucidated as; kaempferol (7), luteolin (8), luteolin-3ʹ - methoxy-4ʹ - O-β-D- glucopyranoside (9),
isorhamnetin -3-O-β -D-glucopyranoside (10) and salicin (11).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study showed that the ethyl acetate and the butanolic fractions
contain high flavonoids and salicinoids compounds which may attribute to their potential as antimicrobial
agents.
Detection Method of Environmentally Friendly Non-POP PBDEs by Derivatization-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using the Pharmacophore Model
Authors: Zhang Shujing , Qiu Youli , Li Yu
Published: August 2018

Background:

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are dangerous for the environment
and human health because of their persistent organic pollutant (POP) characteristics, which have attracted
extensive research attention. Raman spectroscopy is a simple highly sensitive detection operation.
This study was performed to obtain environmentally friendly non-POP PBDE derivatives with
simple detection-based molecular design and provide theoretical support for establishing enhanced
Raman spectroscopic detection techniques.

Methods:

A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3DQSAR) pharmacophore
model of characteristic PBDE Raman spectral was established using 20 and 10 PBDEs as training and
test sets, respectively. Full-factor experimental design was used to modify representative commercial
PBDEs, and their flame retardancy and POP characteristics were evaluated.

Results:

The pharmacophore model (Hypo1) exhibited good predictive ability with the largest correlation
coefficient (R2) of 0.88, the smallest root mean square (RMS) value of 0.231, and total cost of
81.488 with a configuration value of 12.56 (˂17).74 monosubstituted and disubstituted PBDE derivatives
were obtained based on the Hypo 1 pharmacophore model and full-factor experimental design auxiliary.
Twenty PBDE derivatives were screened, and their flame-retardant capabilities were enhanced and
their migration and bio-concentration were reduced (log(KOW) <5), with unchanged toxicity and high
biodegradability. The Raman spectral intensities increased up to 380%. In addition, interference analysis
of the Raman peaks by group frequency indicated that the 20 PBDE derivatives were easily detected
with no interference in gaseous environments.

Conclusion:

Nine pharmacophore models were constructed in this study; Hypo 1 was the most accurate.
Twenty PBDE derivatives showed Raman spectral intensities increased up to 380%; these were
classified as new non-POP environmentally friendly flame retardants with low toxicity, low migration,
good biodegradability, and low bio-concentrations. 2D QSAR analysis showed that the most positive
Milliken charge and lowest occupied orbital energy were the main contributors to the PBDE Raman
spectral intensities. Raman peak analysis revealed no interference between the derivatives in gaseous
environments.
Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis Based on Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors: Comprehensive Perspective
Authors: Kharati Maryam , Foroutanparsa Sanam , Rabiee Mohammad , Salarian Reza , Rabiee Navid , Rabiee Ghazal
Published: August 2018

Background:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves an immune-mediated response in which
body’s immune system destructs the protective sheath (myelin). Part of the known MS biomarkers are
discovered in cerebrospinal fluid like oligoclonal lgG (OCGB), and also in blood like myelin Oligodendrocyte
Glycoprotein (MOG). The conventional MS diagnostic methods often fail to detect the
disease in early stages such as Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS), which considered as a concerning
issue since CIS highlighted as a prognostic factor of MS development in most cases.

Methods:

MS diagnostic techniques include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal
cord, lumbar puncture (or spinal tap) that evaluate cerebrospinal fluid, evoked potential testing revealing
abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord. These conventional diagnostic methods have some
negative points such as extensive processing time as well as restriction in the quantity of samples that
can be analyzed concurrently. Scientists have focused on developing the detection methods especially
early detection which belongs to ultra-sensitive, non-invasive and needed for the Point of Care (POC)
diagnosis because the situation was complicated by false positive or negative results.

Results:

As a result, biosensors are utilized and investigated since they could be ultra-sensitive to specific
compounds, cost effective devices, body-friendly and easy to implement. In addition, it has been
proved that the biosensors on physiological fluids (blood, serum, urine, saliva, milk etc.) have quick
response in a non-invasive rout. In general form, a biosensor system for diagnosis and early detection
process usually involves; biomarker (target molecule), bio receptor (recognition element) and compatible
bio transducer.

Conclusion:

Studies underlined that early treatment of patients with high possibility of MS can be advantageous
by postponing further abnormalities on MRI and subsequent attacks.

:

This Review highlights variable disease diagnosis approaches such as Surface Plasmon Resonance
(SPR), electrochemical biosensors, Microarrays and microbeads based Microarrays, which are considered
as promising methods for detection and early detection of MS.
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Therapy Attenuates Neurotoxicity of Methanol-Induced Memory Impairment and Apoptosis in The Hippocampus
Authors: Ghanbari Amir , Zibara Kazem , Salari Sepideh , Ghareghani Majid , Rad Parastou , Mohamed Wael , Ebadi Elham , Malekzadeh Mohamad , Delaviz Hamdallah
Published: August 2018

Background & Objective: The adolescent brain has a higher vulnerability to alcoholinduced
neurotoxicity, compared to adult’s brain. Most studies have investigated the effect of ethanol
consumption on the body, however, methanol consumption, which peaked in the last years, is still
poorly explored.

Method:

In this study, we investigated the effects of methanol neurotoxicity on memory function and
pathological outcomes in the hippocampus of adolescent rats and examined the efficacy of Light-
Emitting Diode (LED) therapy. Methanol induced neurotoxic rats showed a significant decrease in the
latency period, in comparison to controls, which was significantly improved in LED treated rats at 7,
14 and 28 days, indicating recovery of memory function. In addition, methanol neurotoxicity in hippocampus
caused a significant increase in cell death (caspase3+ cells) and cell edema at 7 and 28 days,
which were significantly decreased by LED therapy. Furthermore, the number of glial fibrillary acid
protein astrocytes was significantly lower in methanol rats, compared to controls, whereas LED treatment
caused their significant increase. Finally, methanol neurotoxicity caused a significant decrease in
the number of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF+) cells, but also circulating serum BDNF, at 7
and 28 days, compared to controls, which were significantly increased by LED therapy. Importantly,
LED significantly increased the number of Ki-67+ cells and BDNF levels in the serum and hypothalamus
in control-LED rats, compared to controls without LED therapy.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, chronic methanol administration caused severe memory impairments and
several pathological outcomes in the hippocampus of adolescent rats which were improved by LED
therapy.
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Make Safe Happen App: Mobile Technology–Based Safety Behavior Change Intervention for Parents (Preprint)
Authors: Roberts Kristin J , McAdams Rebecca J , Kristel Orie V , Szymanski Alison M , McKenzie Lara B
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Nearly half of the unintentional injuries in children happen in and around the home; many of these injuries are preventable. Providing parents and caregivers with proper injury prevention information that is easily accessible may help them make their homes safer for children.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate parental injury prevention awareness and home safety behaviors, motivations for and challenges to taking injury prevention and safety actions for parents as well as user experience following the use of the Make Safe Happen mobile app.

METHODS

A total of 40 parents with children aged 0-12 years living in Columbus, Ohio, participated in 1 of 5 focus group discussions following the completion of (1) a pretest survey, (2) use of the Make Safe Happen app, and (3) a posttest survey.

RESULTS

Following the use of the Make Safe Happen app, parents reported a significant increase in injury prevention awareness and completed 45% more home safety behaviors in and around their homes. Nearly all of the parents felt the app provided them with the information needed to make their home safer for their children; the great majority of parents intended to make such changes in the future.

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection allowed for rich data capture and provided a deeper understanding of parents’ safety knowledge, behaviors, app use, and decision making regarding child injury prevention in and around the home. The Make Safe Happen app provides the information and motivation parents and caregivers need to help them take steps to prevent child injuries that may occur in and around their homes.
KOBİLERDE STRATEJİK FİNANSAL YÖNETİM UYGULAMASINA YÖNELİK LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: Poyraz Erkan , Bilge Serenay
Published: August 2018

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın temel amacı KOBİ’lerde stratejik finansal yönetimin nasıl uygulandığının araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Çalışmada stratejik finansal yönetimin KOBİ’lerde nasıl uygulandığına dair bir literatür çalışması yapılmış, KOBİ’lerde karşılaşılan finansal sorunlar ele alınmıştır. Bulgular: KOBİ’lerde değişen dünyanın yeni ekonomisinde finansal sorunlara tam bir çözüm geliştirilememiştir. Bu da KOBİ’lerin piyasada ki diğer işletmelerle olan rekabet güçlerini azaltmaktadır.Sonuçlar: KOBİ’lerin ulusal/uluslararası yoğun rekabet ortamında yaşamlarını sürdüremeyecekleri gerçeğinden hareketle, KOBİ’lerinin finansal durumları iyi analiz edilmeli, sorunlarına yapıcı, uzun vadeli, verimliliği artırmaya yönelik çözümler üretilmelidir. Finans piyasasındaki gelişmeleri işletmelerin yakından takip edememeleri, kredi alımlarında karşılaştıkları teminat sorunları, kredi hacimlerinin düşük, kredi maliyetlerinin yüksek olması, sermaye piyasasına girememeleri, alternatif finansman kaynaklarından faydalanmamaları ve ayrı bir finans departmanının bulunmaması KOBİ’lerin güçlü finansal yapılara sahip olmalarını engellemektedir.
Solving Electrical Engineering Puzzles Using Spatial Reasoning
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Simpson Zachary Paul , Tunks Jeanne , Mehta Gayatri
Published: August 2018

The precursor of any problem-solving strategy is the visualization of the problem at hand. When dealing with problems pertaining to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) areas, visualization plays a very significant role in addressing the same. Several initiatives are being taken to improve the visualization skills of the students and spatial reasoning techniques have proved to be one of the most widely accepted tools for addressing the problems in the STEM field. In this paper, we specifically address the use of spatial reasoning to solve problems in the form of puzzles taken from electrical engineering and analyze the fruitfulness of employing such a strategy. The puzzles are hosted in an online interactive framework called UNTANGLED and classified into different categories on the basis of the nature of the puzzles and their difficulties. The results indicate that spatial reasoning technique indeed helped the players to successfully complete the puzzles. The interpretation of the data led to the conclusion that spatial reasoning techniques are imperative when it comes to discerning and resolving a problem, especially in the STEM domain.
2006: una contienda temática
Authors: Castaños Fernando
Published: August 2018

Con base en la teoría de Budge y Farlie, que trata los procesos electorales como disputas temáticas, se puede dar cuenta de la contienda electoral de 2006 en México, que concluyó en una votación muy cerrada, a pesar de la amplia ventaja inicial de uno de los candidatos.

La atención a varios asuntos y tipos de asuntos se distribuyó en una dinámica dependiente de las campañas y del comportamiento de los candidatos. Esos temas se fueron ordenando en jerarquías cambiantes a lo largo del tiempo y se fueron asociando a los candidatos de manera diferenciada.

Este movimiento, que explica los notables cambios en las preferencias de los electores, no sólo conlleva resignificaciones de los temas, sino también reconfiguración de los marcos de resignificación. Por lo tanto, sugiere desarrollar la teoría aludida mas allá de lo planteado por sus autores.
La comunicación, sus medios y la opinión pública. Apuntes desde el punto de vista de la metodología de las distinciones y de los discursos racionales
Authors: Jokisch Rodrigo
Published: August 2018

Consideramos la categoría “activista” de la comunicación tan central como las otras dos categorías también activistamente orientadas, de la acción y la decisión para una teoría de la sociedad.

En este artículo intentamos presentar primero una categoría de la comunicación que se distingue claramente de la categoría de la acción. Vemos una debilidad en las posiciones de Niklas Luhman y de Jürgen Habermas en el hecho de que ninguno de los dos logran distinguir claramente entre acción y comunicación.

Un segundo aspecto reside en nuestro interés de integrar en el concepto de comunicación aquí presentado, su aspecto no-lingüístico, ya que pensamos que este aspecto es central para la constitución de la sociedad.

En un tercer apartado tratamos de manera intensiva aquello que puede ser llamado la “dimensión medial comunicativa” de la sociedad: los medios naturales (por ejemplo, la afectividad) los medios de difusión (por ejemplo, la escritura), y los medios simbólicamente generalizados (por ejemplo, el dinero o el poder).

Por último, presentamos lo que desde nuestro punto de vista puede ser observado como una “identidad social” deslindándonos del concepto de “sistemas cerrados” de Luhmann y usando como ejemplo la opinión pública para presentar nuestra propuesta de sistema como una identidad social que puede abrirse o cerrarse gradualmente.
Periodismo público y el problema de la objetividad
Authors: Meyer Philip
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre diferentes aspectos que definen el periodismo público de manera ambigua, y que permiten a los periodistas criticar y desconocerlo como labor periodística.

Por otro lado, el autor recupera la discusión sobre el compromiso y la responsabilidad que deberían de acompañar al trabajo periodístico, y la objetividad con la cual deberían de actuar los periodistas, criterios que abanderan el periodismo público.
La ética del periodismo cívico: la independencia como guía
Authors: Steele Bob
Published: August 2018

El artículo aborda el problema de la ética en el periodismo cívico, sobre todo a partir del debate originado por sus partidarios, así como por sus detractores.

Dado este punto de partida, el texto desarrolla temas significativos en torno a la posibilidad de descubrir un “terreno común” entre lo que se considera sólo periodismo frente al periodismo cívico, más allá de la adopción de sus roles clásicos.

 
El papel de los periódicos en la construcción de la ciudadanía
Authors: Schaffer Jan
Published: August 2018

El periodismo cívico es una respuesta a las malas prácticas del periodismo. Por ello, el trabajo sostiene que el periodismo cívico es una nueva forma de conexión con los lectores, con la comunidad, con el público.

A diferencia de la prensa tradicional, el periodismo cívico promueve una relación interactiva entre la prensa y los ciudadanos.
Elecciones y mediaciones culturales en un municipio guanajuatense
Authors: Uzeta Jorge
Published: August 2018

En el presente texto se describe el itinerario electoral del municipio guanajuatense de Atarjea, Sierra Gorda, partiendo del dominio y la crisis del agrarismo como corriente política dominante, hasta llegar a las recientes elecciones de julio de 2006.

El objeto es destacar las mediaciones locales derivadas de la cultura e historia del lugar, así como sus influencias en cambios que involucran no sólo las nociones de ciudadanía y democracia, sino también las prácticas de modernidad en las que pretenden estar sustentadas.
Opinión pública, medios y construcción de la agenda política
Authors: Dorantes Gerardo L.
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo pretende ser un acercamiento a las perspectivas teórico-metodológicas que responden a la problemática sobre la constitución de la agenda política, en relación con la influencia que tanto medios masivos como opinión pública tienen sobre las decisiones políticas de un gobierno.

En este sentido, el autor recupera las concepciones clásicas de la estructuración de la agenda y profundiza en las tres tradiciones dominantes de investigación al respecto: el establecimiento de la agenda pública, la construcción de la agenda política, y la fijación de la agenda mediática.

Finalmente, el complejo proceso de construcción de la agenda política, en el cual intervienen los medios de comunicación y la opinión ciudadana, tiene un peso importante en la comprensión y en la estabilidad de la democracia moderna.
Las elecciones parlamentarias y presidenciales en Rusia: ¿se mantendrá la línea política de Vladimir Putín a partir de mayo?
Authors: Sánchez Ramírez Pablo Telman
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo analiza la situación política, económica y social en Rusia, de cara a la próxima toma de posesión del presidente Dmitri Medvédev en mayo del vigente año. El principal interés del autor al llevar a cabo este análisis, reside en preguntarse si se mantendrá la línea política establecida por el presidente Vladimir Putin, quien podría llegar a ocupar el cargo de primer ministro de ese país.

El autor observa, con base en los resultados de las elecciones parlamentarias del pasado 2 de diciembre, que el apoyo real al presidente Putin por parte de la sociedad rusa, lejos de disminuir, se ha incluso duplicado. Por tanto, concluye el autor del presente artículo, la situación actual favorece la continuidad de la línea política de Vladimir Putin durante los próximos cuatro años.

El electorado ruso, luego de la crisis y el caos ocasionados por el régimen de Boris Yeltsin, valora más un régimen político dirigido a mantener el orden y la estabilidad, por encima de un régimen que llegase a plantear grandes reformas democráticas y liberales.
Políticas de juventud en la Ciudad de México: de la experiencia cardenista al News Divine
Authors: Aguilar Avilés Fernando
Published: August 2018

Las políticas de juventud en México durante el régimen priista se caracterizaron por su corporativismo, paternalismo y asistencialismo; la llegada del Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) al gobierno de la Ciudad de México significó, al menos durante la primera administración (1997-2000), una transformación radical en torno a la manera de concebir a la juventud y las políticas dirigidas a este grupo de la población. A partir de entonces, la tendencia de las dos siguientes administraciones ha sido la regresión de los avances inaugurados con el cardenismo.

El artículo busca revisar lo que han sido las políticas de juventud, a poco más diez años de la llegada del gobierno perredista a la capital. Previamente, se discute sobre las dimensiones necesarias para la caracterización y el análisis de toda política de juventud.
La transición extraviada: la cultura política y los medios masivos en México
Authors: Lund Daniel
Published: August 2018

La tensión más enriquecedora en la historia es la que existe entre la historia oficial y la historia crítica. Mientras los elementos de la historia reciente o inmediata no han llegado a ser “historia oficial”, hay versiones “preferidas” por algunos grupos que alcanzan algo de esta calidad. La historia de “la transición democrática” en México pertenece a esta categoría.

La hipótesis de este ensayo es que las promesas y reformas electorales todavía se quedan cortas porque la transición en términos de transformación de las instituciones democráticas, incluidas las electorales, está extraviada. Según nuestra hipótesis, el problema principal no es el sistema de partidos políticos (en toda su complejidad y confusión), sino el sistema de medios electrónicos (en todo su monopolio y mediocridad). Una verdadera cultura política no puede florecer en un medio ambiente antipluralista en los medios.

Una reforma electoral sin abrir los medios electrónicos no va a funcionar. La apertura de los medios electrónicos puede dar sentido a una reforma electoral verdadera.

Finalmente, el IFE está siendo castigado por su falta de progreso en la transición política y económica de México. Esta falta de progreso es una gran piedra, y el IFE es nuestro Sísifo, condenado a cada día empujar la piedra cuesta arriba del cerro para que vuelva a rodar hacia abajo por su propio peso al caer la noche.

El IFE debería liberarse y concentrarse en su tarea básica de contar en todas las elecciones; entrenar a los funcionarios de casillas como fundamento del proceso, y participar al lado de otros actores para nutrir la cultura política en México.
El conteo de votos en México en las elecciones federales de 2006 y 2009: ¿certeza democrática o inseguridad ciudadana?
Authors: Pliego Carrasco Fernando
Published: August 2018

En toda democracia representativa es previsible que se cometan, durante las jornadas electorales, errores a la hora de contar votos y de asignarlos a los distintos contendientes. Por ello, en el caso específico de México, surge una pregunta fundamental: ¿dichos errores afectan o no de manera significativa la votación obtenida por los distintos candidatos, en especial cuando hay cercanía entre los principales contendientes? Para responder a esta interrogante, el presente trabajo analiza en detalle los casos donde se reabrieron paquetes electorales y se volvieron a contar votos durante las elecciones federales de 2006 y 2009, pues tales ejercicios nos permiten conocer, con suficiente precisión, la magnitud de los errores cometidos por los funcionarios de casillas y su probable impacto electoral.
La estrategia de México en materia energética y su relación con la Unión Europea
Authors: García Saisó Adrián
Published: August 2018

El presente capítulo hace mención de la importancia de la Unión Europea como potencia económica y las medidas necesarias para su diversificación energética. En ese contexto se analiza la situación de México en su política energética y las tendencias nacionales e internacionales del consumo energético. Por otro lado, se revisa el papel de Pemex en el sector y se dan algunas sugerencias para su mejor gestión para bien de la propia empresa y el país.
Contexto de Seúl y Cancún
Authors: Lund † Daniel
Published: August 2018

Publicación póstuma en homenaje a Daniel Lund