bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF WATERY AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS FOR ANCHUSA STRIGOSA ON GROWTH OF GRAM POSITIVE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PHARYNGITIS AND TONSILLITS CASES
Authors: AL-AYMI HANAN A.
Published: May 2021

The effects of Anchusa strigosa plant extract were studied in respect totheir of gram positive bacterial growth inhibition. were isolated from cases ofpharyngitis and tonsillitis . alcoholic and hot water extracts of the plants as wellas their dried powders were prepared . The preliminary chemical tests revealedacidic pH of all extracts.The dried powder , watery and alcoholic extracts of A. strigosacontained resins ,tannins , phenols, flavonoids, glycosides and avery littleamount of alkaloids in its watery and alcoholic extract.The alcoholic extract ofA. strigosa showed more patent inhibitory effect on resistant bacteria than itswatery extract and the best effect was on growth of Strept.salivarius andStrept.pyogenes inhibition zone diameter 27.0,26.0 mm. In the present study ,the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bacteriocidalconcentration (MBC) of the plants extracts were measured for the morepredominant gram positive isolates and the results varied according to differentkinds of plant extracts and different types of bacteria . The least values of MICand MBC were for alcoholic extract of A. strigosa on Staph.epidermidis whichvalued 10% ,20% respectively .It has been noticed that the watery extracts of A.strigosa , have a sedative effect when given dosing 5 g/kg for laboratorymice , these extracts however, showed a synergistic sedative effect when mixedwith pentobarbitone and caused prolongation of sleeping time in experimentalmice .Neither the alcoholic nor the watery extracts of the plants showed anytoxic effect on the laboratory mice after oral dosing of 2.5 – 15 g /Kg B.W.Watery and alcoholic extracts, Anchusa strigosa , Pharyngitis ,Tonsillitis .Pathogenic bacteria
Study The Effect Of Feed Withdrawal And Adding Dried Bakery Yeast In The Diet On ph And Some Microbial Types Of Broiler Chickens Intestine
Authors: AL-Hamiari Maha A.
Published: May 2021

This study has been conducted to study the effect of feed withdrawal and adding dried bakery yeast on pH and some microbial indicators which includes Total Bacterial Count (TBC) ,Coliform Count (CC) , Fungi Count (FC) and Lactobacilli Count (LC) in the gastro -intestinal tract of 45 marketed broiler chickens at 8 weeks of age .The birds randomly distributed into three treatments and each treatment to three replicates (15 birds per replicate ) which were: un -treated control (T1) , broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T2) , broiler chickens fed a diet contained 1% of dried bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T3 ) . The data obtained revealed the

following :-No statically differences in the pH of gastro -intestinal tract were appeared due to feed withdrawal and adding dried bakery yeast . Feed withdrawal (T2) caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in TBC ,TC and FC in the intestine content compaired with T1 and T3 . Adding 1% of dried bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T3) caused a significant (p<0.05) decreased in TBC,CC and FC , in the

mean time LC significantly (p<0.05) increased .
EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT LEVELS PERCENTAGES OF SMUT WHEAT AND SAND TREATED ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETER OF BROILER
Authors: Al-Hemairi Maha A.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to at the poultry farm of the college ofveterinary medicine / Baghdad University during 12/5/2004 – 6/7/2004 tostudy the effect of substitution of smut wheat instead of intact wheat inpoultry ration at the following levels (0%, 25% , 50% and 100%)representing the following groups (T0, T1, T2 and T3), respectively. Physicaltreatment was obtained for smut wheat by polishing the seed by sand toremove the superficial fungal growth. Each group was sub divided into twosub groups, one was physically treated with sand and the other was nottreated to study the hematology traits at 28 and 56 days of the experiment.Characterristics included in this study were PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC,differential leukocyte count and some of serum blood enzymes activity(ALT, AST and AP). The results obtained revealed the following:Replacing partial of smut wheat at the level of 50% or total 100%caused an imbalance of blood parameters by decreasing PCV, Hb, RBC,WBC and increased blood enzymes activity of ALT, AST and decreased APactivity. Results of differential leukocyte count revealed that heterophilswere increased while lymphocytes were decreased significantly (P<0.05) at28 and 56 days of age. Physical treatment of smut wheat by sand improve theblood parameters by rebalancing these parameter in comparison with these ofuntreated group .
Comparative study between vasectomy and epididymectomy for preparation of teaser Ram
Authors: Al-Dahhan M. R.A.
Published: May 2021

Teaser rams were used for discovering estrus in ewes because this techniqueis very important for super ovulation,embryo transfer and transgenic animalsprograms.sever techniques were used for preparation of teaser animalsespecially in sheeps so this study was designed to compare between twosurgical methods (vasectomy and epididymectomy).Six Assaf of breed rams,Clinical reproduction system,libido and laboratoryexamination (volume ejaculate,mass and individual motility and spermconcentration). were performed 2 week before experiment for qualificationof the general health of the animals the animals were divided into two equalgroups, Vasectomy in the first group and epididymectomy in theanother.Cases were followed up clinically, laboratory examination andhistological.Results showed that surgery of epididymectomy takes longer time thanvasectomy.Vasectomiesed animals showed sever pain during first tow dayswith simple adhesion in the site of operation, while epididymectomy causedsever adhesion between the testis and skin with odema in the site ofoperation also the pain was sever in addition to, it takes longer time than invasectomy. The seminal fluid examination showed disappear of life spermsimmediately after operation vasectomy or epididymectomy also histologicalchanges were obtained in both types of surgical methods ,which includereduce in the rate of spermatogenisis, thickness of basement membren,whilethese changes were more sever after vasectomy.Results of this study was showed that epididymectomy technique shouldsuperior results than vasectomy for longer time.
EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT LEVELS PERCENTAGES OF SAND TREATED SMUT WHEAT ON HYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETER OF BROILER
Authors: Al-Hemairi Maha A.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out at the poultry farm of the college ofveterinary medicine / Baghdad University during 12/5/2004 – 6/7/2004 tostudy the effect of substitution of smut wheat instead of intact wheat inpoultry ration at the following levels (0%, 25% , 50% and 100%)representing the following groups (T0, T1, T2 and T3), respectively. Physicaltreatment was obtained for smut wheat by polishing the seed by sand toremove the superficial fungal growth. Each group was sub divided into twosub groups, one was physically treated with sand and the other was nottreated to study the hematology traits at 28 and 56 days of the experiment.Characterristics included in this study were PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC,differential leukocyte count and some of serum blood enzymes activity(ALT, AST and AP). The results obtained revealed the following:Replacing partial of smut wheat at the level of 50% or total 100%caused an imbalance of blood parameters by decreasing PCV, Hb, RBC,WBC and increased blood enzymes activity of ALT, AST and decreased APactivity. Results of differential leukocyte count revealed that heterophilswere increased while lymphocytes were decreased significantly (P<0.05) at28 and 56 days of age. Physical treatment of smut wheat by sand improve theblood parameters by rebalancing these parameter in comparison with these ofuntreated group .
The Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Streptococcus thermophilus Single Cell Proteins on the Growth of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Al-Farragi J. K.
Published: May 2021

The present investigation is concerned with utilizing of two types of Single Cell Protein (SCP) designated, Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth for processing P1. And joint growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus for processing P2. T2 and T3 respectively, as a replacemente of commercial animal protein T1 . The nutritional performance for SCP was carried out via feeding trials of carp fingerling Cyprinus carpio L.Values of fish weight rate for carp after 50 days of feeding triales started experiment were 1.15, 1.31, 1.34 gm. The fish growth rate were 0.425, 0.480, 0.500, gm .The averages of daily weight were 0.008, 0.009, 0.01gm/day , The absolute specific growth rates for fish were 0.92, 0.912, 0.932 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, the statistical analysis showed high significant differences (P<0.01) among T1 and T3. The relative growth ratio was 58.62, 57.83, 59.52,Food conversion rates were 6.37, 6.56, 6.53, The food conversion efficiency 15.68, 15.16, 15.30, for T1, T2, T3, respectively, the statistical analysis showed insignificant differences (P<0.05) among T1, T2 and T3. The investigation concluded the possibility of utilizing SCP and this modest effort substitute commercial protein sources without adverse effect on the fish growth rate.
Studying the efficacy of giving anthrax toxin as a vaccine intranasally and subcutaneously
Authors: H. Al-Zubaidy I.A.
Published: May 2021

This study was concerned on the production of Bacillus anthracistoxin and its use as a vaccine. Two groups of guinea pigs wereimmunized with the toxin which was given in a dose of 0.5 mlsubcutaneously to the 1st group while the animals of the 2nd group wereimmunized by instillation in the nose 4 drops into each naris. The twogroups were given booster dose 14 days after the 1st dose. The immunizedand control animals were bled by cardiac puncture 20 days after thebooster dose.In the present study, anthraxin was used as an antigen in EnzymeLinked Immuno Sorbant Assay (ELISA) to measure the optical density(OD) obtained from adminsteration of vaccine in two different routes.High mean of optical density 1.660 ± 0.07 nanometer was recorded tosubcutaneous group and the mean 1.181 ± 0.002 nanometer to theintranasal group.
foot and mouth disease in some areas of Nainawa province during may 2007
Authors: Hussein Zaid Salah
Published: May 2021

For the determination of FMD infection in Nainawa province Serumsamples were collected from 92 suspected cases (42sheep,50cattle)thiswas performed in September 2007 and included nine region(Talafar,Basheca, Al-shamal, Hamamalaleel ,Cokajlly ,Zamaar ,Al-Namrood,AL-Koosh and Hemedaat), these samples were send frozen to the labs ofstate Vet. Company in Al-Nahdaa , the special test FMD-3ABC bo Ovenzyme immune assay on sheep serums showed that 30.95% werepositive to the test and 19.05% were ambiguous while the test on bovineserums showed increase in both positive and ambiguous results(42%,26% respectively), 8 serums that showed the highest positive resultto the former test were submitted to the special immunological test FMDElisa Kit Liquid Phase Blocking Immunoassay for detection of antibodiesof foot and mouth disease virus test which revealed that all sores of thesamples were infected with O serotype FMD
Patthollogiicall & Resiidues sttudy off Cadmiium Chlloriide iin rabbiitts
Authors: I. AL -Kaisie. B.
Published: May 2021

IIn tthe prresentt rresearrch,, tthe patthollogiicall effffectt off CdCll2 rresiidue sttudy wasdone on whiitte malle rrabbiitts.. 42 whiitte malle rrabbiitts werre rrandomlly diiviided iintto 2grroups :: 1stt grroup iinclluded 30rrabbiitts werre giiven CdCll2 13 Mg // kg // day fforr 12weeks viia drriinkiing watterr ..2nd grroup iinclluded 12rrabbiitts ffed on norrmall rrabbiitt diiett..The ffollllowiing parrametterrs werre obserrved on tthe above grroups::1-- Clliiniicall siigns:: Trreatted rrabbiitts showed,, vomiittiing and blloody diiarrrrhea ..2-- Resiiduall iinvesttiigattiion on lliiverr and kiidney :: CdCll2 rresiidue prresentt morresiigniiffiicantt iin lliiverr and kiidney mosttlly att 8 and 12 weeks :: 108..0 ,,447..0 mg//kgdrry weiightt iin lliiverr and 113..1,,447..0 mg//kg drry weiightt iin kiidney rrespecttiivelly ..3-- Hiisttopatthollogiicall changes:: The lliiverr & kiidney off ttrreatted rrabbiitt showed iinlliiverr and kiidneys ttypiicall fforrm off macrrophage grranulloma surrrrounded by ffiibrrousconnecttiive ttiissue..
Studies on the epidemiology of ringworm in cattle
Authors: AL-Samarrae Saadi A.G.
Published: May 2021

The epidemiology of ringworm in two cattle herds in Baghdad area was studied during the period fromSeptember 2001 to August 2002.Two hundred skin scraping were collected from the infected area. Theprevalence of infection was 68%. In males it was lower (37.5%) than females (62.5%) and higher in less thanone year old animals. The prevalence was highest in January (16.5%). Eleven species of fungi were diagnosed,these include; Trichophyton verrucosum, T. rubrum,T.metagrophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus , A. flavus , A.Niger , A.terru , Mucor spp. , Altenaria alternata , Rhizopus and Fusarium spp. , one species of yeast Candidaalbicans.
THE STUDY OF HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF CROP IN PEGION DURING BROODNESS
Authors: Reshag Ali Faris
Published: May 2021

We noticed that the histological changes in the crop wall was in the lining epithelia only , also wefound that the pigeon milk production in the 12 day of broodness is enough to feed the young , in whichthe thickness of stratified squamous epithelium was 432 micrometer . There was an important staticaldifferent in the weight of crop epithelium thickness in the 12-16 day of incubation in compare with 1 – 6)day of incubation . There were no histological changes in the structure of crop glands.
The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Microorganism in some spices
Authors: AL.Bayatti Khalid K.
Published: May 2021

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the use of ionizing radiation in decontaminating thetotal microbial burden of Capsicum peppers (Capsium annuum), Caraway (Carum carvi), and Clove(Dianthus caryphyllus). The spices were irradiated in polyethylene bags with 5KGy and 10KGy ofgamma radiation from Co-60 irradiator. Total number of bacteria and molds survived per gram ofspices after irradiation were calculated. Results showed that 5KGy gamma radiation reduced the totalnumber of bacteria by 95-98% and the number of molds and yeast by 62.8-98.2%, while 10KGyreduced the total number of bacteria by 95.5-99.9% and the number of the molds and yeast by 67-99.7%. These percentages are accepted within the maximum permissible microbial counts for humanconsumption except mold and yeast counts in caraway which its number was still more than themaximum permissible count for human consumption, and the doses used in these experiments have nosignificant changes on the sensory quality of the spices.
The Synergistic Effect of Zingiber officinale Roots and Vitamin E on some Reproductivity and Physiological Traits in Rations of Kids Iraqi Black Goat
Authors: AL-Saigh Mudhaffar N.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using milled ZingiberRhizome and vitamin E on some reproductivity traits (serum hormones levels, SSH andtestosterone and semen characters).Eighteen Iraqi Black kids at age of 5-6 months were bought and divided intothree groups equally (body weight was considered), each group contained 6 kids. Thisstudy was carried out in Animal's Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, University ofBaghdad from 1st November 2007 up to end of May 2008, and treated as followed:The first group (Z) (Zingiber group) was fed on concentrates diet (400 g/head)daily which contained 10 g of zingiber (2.5% of diet). The second group (Z+E)(Zingiber group + vit. E) was given the same concentrate diet mentioned above (400g/head) daily and administered of vit. E with a dose of 400 mg/head orally givenbimonthly for each animal. Animals of the third group were fed on a concentrate diet(400 g/head) daily which was free of Zingiber kept as a control group.The results revealed the followings:With experimental period progress, SSH hormone level of all groups wereincreased, while no significant differences among different groups were obtained inspite of mathematically increased in group 1 and 2 compared with the control group.Testosterone hormone level was progressively increased in all groups, the first andsecond groups showed significantly (P<0.05) increased compared with the controlgroup at end of the experimental period.The kids in the second and first groups showed their pubertal stage at earlier agethan the control group. While the second group showed more earlier than the firstgroup.Most semen quality characters recorded mathematically or significantly(P<0.05) better in the group 1 and 2 compared with the control group. While theanimals in the 2nd group gave better values in most semen characters compared withthose in the first group.It is concluded that by using Zingiber rhizomes caused an improvement of somereproductivity and physiologically traits of male goat kids by administration of Vit. Ecaused more improving.
Production and Partial Purification of Heat-Stable Enterotoxin (A) Produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Al-Nuaimy Rajiha I. , K. Kamona Zaid , F. Al-Taee Maha
Published: May 2021

A total of (25) stool samples were collected from children and adults (2- 4) years oldsuffering from diarrhea to isolate E. coli strains that produce heat-stable enterotoxin a (STa),and after performing microscopic examination, cultural characterization and biochemicalidentification only (11) isolates showed positive E. coli. STa activity was estimated by usingsuckling mouse assay (SMA) and from these (11) isolates only (5) showed STa activity andthe one with the highest STa activity was selected for large scale production of STa, whichwas followed by partial purification using ion-exchange chromatography (normal phase)using DEAE sephadex A-50 column. After purification and determination of proteinconcentration by using the standard curve of bovine serum albumin, the concentration oftoxin-protein was estimated as (1.08) mg/ml. The specific activity varied from (350) U/mgprotein at the first step of purification to (2366.6) U/mg protein at the final step, while thefinal purification of the toxin was about (6.76) fold and with a yield of (18.25) %.
The Effect of Crude Extracts of Sonchus oleraceus on Cancer Cell Growth (In vitro)
Authors: Zghair Zainab R.
Published: May 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the anticancer, effects of the ethanolic (EE), cold aqueous (CAE), and hot aqueous (HAE) extracts of Sonchus oleraceus on cancer cell lines (in vitro). In vitro study was performed on three cancer cell lines (murine mammary adenocarcinoma AMN-3 cell line, laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell line) and rat embryogenic fibroblast (REF) as normal cell line. Periods of exposure of cell lines were measured at 24, 48, and 72-hr in a microtitration plate under complete sterile conditions. Different concentrations starting from (78.125 to 10000) μg/ml of two fold dilution for each extract were prepared and tested on each cell line, with three replicates for each concentration. The three extracts showed concentration and time dependence with growth inhibitory effects, and the highest effect was obtained from ethanolic extract at higher concentrations after 48 hr. of exposures on both AMN3 and Hep-2 cell lines, while the cytotoxic effect of both cold aqueous and hot aqueous extracts on AMN-3 and Hep-2 cell lines exhibited that the higher concentrations gave a significantly (P<0.05) and the higher inhibition growth rate of cells were increased at 24 hrs.Conclusion: These results suggest that the cytotoxic concentrations of Sonchus oleraceus extracts showed variation in values among cell lines according to cell types in vitro.
The analgesic activity of Mentha piperita (MP) leaves extract
Authors: Abed saleh Ahmed Najim
Published: May 2021

In the present work, the antinociceptive action was assayed in several experiment models in mice, Hot plate, writhing and formalin test. The alcoholic extract of MP leaves at a dose of 150mg/kg B.W and 300 mg/kgB.W showed antinociceptive effects in different methods, where the dose of 300 mg/kg B.W showed significant reduction of the nociception by acetic acid. In the formalin test, the extract (300mg/kg B.W) also significantly reduced painful stimulus in both phases of the test. Treatment with extract (300mg/kg B.W) when given orally produced significant increase of the reaction time in hot plate test. These results showed that the leaves extract of MP contain active analgesic principles acting both centrally and peripherally.
Study of antidiarrhoeal effect of Datura innoxia leave extract against diarrhoea induce by Castor oil and magnesium sulphate in mice
Authors: Jaafar Farrah R.
Published: May 2021

Aqueous extract of DI leaves was given to mice , at graded dose (100&200mg/kgB.W,P.O) to evaluat its antidiarrhoeal potential by using four experimentally induced diarrhoea treated groups each consis of five mice and one control group.Castor oil and magnesium sulphate were used to induce diarrhoea in mice,The extract at both doses showed a remarkable antidiarrhoeal activity manifested by significant delay in onset of diarrhea , decrease in number of wet stools , total number of stools and total weight of fecal output in 4 hours in both castor oil and magnesium sulphate induced diarrheal groups of mice. The results of this study reveal that The aqueous extract of Datura innoxia leaves contains pharmacologically active substance with antidiarrhoeal properties .These properties may explain the rational use of the plant as antidiarrhoeal agent in the traditional medicine.
Comparative study of milk somatic cells count (SCC) in cows, sheep and goats in summer and winter in Baghdad
Authors: Abood A. S.
Published: May 2021

This study was included a collection of 90 milk samples from 30 cows ,30 ewe , and 30 does ,in mid-term of lactation period , 15 samples collected during summer and 15 samples duringwinter for each other . All samples were subjected to microscopical examination after staining with Newman Limbert stain , to check : The mean number of SCC in cows was ( 426.600 ) cells / ml through the summer , while the mean number of SCC in the winter ( 893.300) cells / ml . The number of SCC in sheep samples were estimated (287.300) cells / ml in summer, and (980.000 ) cells / ml in winter . while the goat were given mean( 533.300) cell / ml in summer and ( ( 933.300) cell / ml in winter . This study gives the difference in milk quality between season and species ( cow , sheep , and goat ) . Statistical analyses gives significant ( p < 0.05 ) between summer and winter in all species .
Study the effect of some plants extracts on growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Comparison with Ethambutol
Authors: Abbas Maysoon Sabah
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition role of alcoholic extracts of plants Trigonella foenumgraecum , Piper cubeba , Piper nigrum, Camphora , Commiphora molmol, Apium graveolens , Arachis hypogaea , Linum usitatissumun , Cuminum cyminum , Pimpinella anisum , Lepidium sativum , alcoholic extracts of plants used was prepared and used of concentration 200 mg/ml and add 0.2 ml of each extracts to 10 ml of media and 0.2 ml of Ethambutol to 10 ml of media the drug for mycobacteria and media with out any adding for controls. Cultural media were inoculated with 3 drops of bacterial suspension ( 1mg /ml ) in concentration 108 cfu/ml from patient suffering from tuberculosis and after incubation on 37 °C the result read weekly up to 4 weeks . the results showed good growth on the control slopes , which was evident within 2-3 weeks and no growth on the cultural media contain (Arachis hypogea , Cuminum cyminum , Commiphora molmol, Trigonella foenumgraecum , Lepidium sativum , Ethambutol ) it while the media contain (Piper nigrum , Pimpinella anisum showed than 5 colonies the growth inhibition was recorded that means sensitivity of mycobacteria to the extracts mention above, while media contain (Piper cubeba , Camphora , Apium graveolens ). showed growth more than 5 colonies and media contain Linum usitatissumun showed good growth which means resistant of mycobacteria to the extract mentioned above .
Uses the Disinfectants against fungi isolated from the homes
Authors: Al Bahran Rusol Muhammedi
Published: May 2021

The study included 100 samples collected from different locations of the homes were located in the area of Ali Saleh in Baghdad 6 species were isolated from fungi and the most common genus or species of fungi isolated were Aspergillus fumigatus by frequency ratio of 25.84%, and occurrence ratio of 23%, Penicilium by frequency ratio of 21.34%, and occurrence ratio of 19%, Mucor by frequency ratio 20.22%, and the occurrence ratio of 18%, Candida albicans by frequency ratio of 15.73%, the occurrence ratio of 14%, Rhizopus frequency ratio by 13.48%, the occurrence ratio of 12% and Aspergillus niger frequency ratio by 3.37% and the occurrence ratio of 3%. Then the sensitivity test of disinfectants were studied against fungi isolated by using three disinfectants Chloroxylenol known commercially by (Dettol), Chlorhexidine commercially known by (Hibitane) and Sodium hypochlorite commercially known by (Bleach), and a study for the effected of three concentrations of each disinfectant (5, 2.5, 1.25)%, and the use of statistical analysis (ANOVA) to contrast the differences and Dnken test to the variation in any disinfectant or the most efficient concentrations of other disinfectants were observed that concentrations of 5% was the most efficient of concentrations than (2.5%) and (1.25%). As the disinfectant Dettol was significantly the most efficient from Bleach and Hibitane.
The role of Biofilm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to resistance ultraviolet and MIC concentration for antibiotics
Authors: تركي احمد محمد
Published: May 2021

The present study is conducted to in restigate the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the impact of ultraviolet on the bacterial isolates under study and the resistance of these isolates to ultraviolet are studied in comparison to two standard isolates ( E . coli and Staphylococcus aureus ) which are considered sensitive to ultraviolet . The natures of the resistance of the isolates, under study, are also being investigated against the different antibiotics. The isolates are subjected to a test to examine their sensitivity to (12) types of antibiotics used routinely in the treatment of various infection of these bacteria. They are (streptomycin , cephalothin ,Gentamycin , cefotaxime ,nitrofurantion ,ampicillin, amoxicillin, rifampin, lincomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin ).The lowest concentration installer ( MIC ) is also testified in accordance with six types of antibiotics (streptomycin, cefotaxime , rifampin , nitrofurantion , Gentamycin , amoxicillin ).The biologic effectiveness of the overlap between the bacterial isolates , under study, is examined against four bacteria (klebseilla pneumonia , Staphylococcus aureus , Enterobacter , Proteus ) The result of using the ultraviolet with different wavelength show the ability of the five local isolates used to resistance of ultraviolet reaching (180 s.) in comparison to the isolates E.coli and staph. aureus in which the ratio of killing is %100 at a time of exposing 40 , 60 sec. respectively. The results indicated that the five local bacterial isolates have high resistance to the most tested antibiotics, It is shouted that all of them have resistance to (erythromycin , tetracycline , lincomycin , Gentamycin ) but they are sensitive towards antibiotic streptomycin . as for the other antibiotics , over can find that the isolates are varied of them for being resisting or sensitive towards them .The results of testing the inhabited effectiveness of the five bacterial isolates towards some other bacterial isolates show the efficiency of the five local isolates in the inhabitation of growth of the five studied bacterial isolates.
Effect of antithyroid (Propylthiouracil PTU( on some physiological parameters in local chicks
Authors: المعاضيدي محمودسالم محمد شيت
Published: May 2021

The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of antithyroid agent (propylthiouracil) (PTU) on some physiological parameters in domestic chicks. 36 local one 4 week of age day old chicks were used .chicks were distributed randomly in to three groups: (control group) fed on standard diet , while 2nd and 3rd groups were fed diet contain 0.01 and 0.1℅ of antithyroid agent propylthiouracil (PTU) respectively from 1-25 days of age . blood sample were taken from jugular vein at the end of the 4th week in order to study the effect of PTU treatment on blood picture .result revealed that PTU treatment in group treated with 0.1℅ PTU compared with control group significantly increased in red blood cell count ,Heterophils ,basophiles percentage and stress index at 4th weeks of age in group treated with 0.1℅ PTU compared with 0.01℅ PTU and control group significantly decreased in lymphocytes percentage, beside that no significant difference in total leukocytic count ,hemoglobin ,packed cell volume ,eosinophils , monocytes percentage and erythrocytes indexes in treated groups with compared group
Radiation Pollution in Cancer and other Diseases Using some Immunological and Clinical Parameters
Authors: Al-Hamadany Weam Saad
Published: May 2021

There was a noticeable increase in cancers, congenital malformations, spontaneousabortion and other cases among Iraqi population after both Gulf Wars I and II, the presentstudy aimed to the detection and determination of internal radiation pollution with DepletedUranium (DU), and investigate the effects of this type of radiation exposure on someimmunological parameters for the first time in Iraq. A total of 88 blood samples werecollected from 45 patients and 43 healthy persons during 2009-2010; from the outpatients ofthe Institute and Hospital of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine and Al-Kadhymia TeachingHospital in Baghdad. Results: 1. Contaminated persons with DU were 48 persons (54.5%)from total 88 persons. 2. The places (Al-Taji, Abu-Graib, Al-Hurriyah, New Baghdad and AlSader town) recorded 44.7% of contaminated persons. 3. Effects of internal contaminationwith DU; chronic radiation exposure; influenced by the dose and personal susceptibility, thusit caused significant decrease in Eosinophils% and Lymphocytes %, Hb%, NBT+ % and mostof IFN-γ levels, while there was some elevation in Basophiles%. 4. IL-2 levels did notaffected by chronic exposure by DU. But it was affected by acute exposure to radiation sinceits levels elevated significantly in radiation occupationals blood.Conclusions: Radiationpollution as internal contamination with U and DU is a public health problem. It might be thepredisposing factor for the cases under focus since it caused immunosuppression by affectingimmune cells in number or function comparing with the non-contaminated.
Humoral immune response of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis sonicated antigens in rabbits
Authors: Al-Samarrae Ekram A.
Published: May 2021

Salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis were isolated from infected goat andprepared an antigens of whole cell sonicated antigen of S.typhimurium(WCS.Ag.S.typhimurium ),whole cell sonicated antigen of S.enteritidis (WCS.Ag.S.entertidis) and combination of whole cell sonicated antigen (Salmonella typhimurium andSalmonella enteritidis) (CWS.Ag) . Their efficacy was evaluated by using tube agglutinationtest and enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty rabbits were randomlydivided into four groups; the 1st group was immunized by WCS. Ag - Salmonella enteritidis,2nd group immunized by (WCS Ags .typhimurium), 3rd group immunized by CWCS.Agcompound and 4th left as control group which injected by physiological buffer saline (pH7.2). The antibody titer was increased in after the day 12, first, second and third months ofimmunization by agglutination test. IgG concentration was done by ELISA at the same time;which were recorded a higher significant differences (p˂ 0.01) at the first month in the groupimmunized by CWS Ag (449.65 ±38.6 1ng/ml IgG and 952± 20.85 antibodies titer )compared with other immunized groups ( WCS – Ag – S. enteritidis andWCS.Ag.S.typhimurium ). Also, the IgG concentration and antibodies titer are still higher inthe second and the third months in the immunized group by CWCS.Ag. 218.90± 6.69ng/ml,528± 68.58 and 89.55± 2.63ng/ml, 280± 49.98 respectively with significant differences (p˂0.01) compared with the immunized groups (WCS.Ag.S. entertidis and WCS. Ag.S.typhimurium) and also, they are significant (p˂ 0.01) when compared with the control groupResearch
Identification of inorganic elements in egg shell of some wild birds in Baghdad
Authors: Al-Obaidi Faris A.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study is the identification of inorganic elements in egg shell of some wild birds including House Sparrow, White- eared Bulbul, Collared Dove and Rock Dove. Samples of eggs from these birds were collected from Baghdad city during 2011. Egg shell were analysed for ash, macro-elements and micro- elements including Ca, P, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, B, Zn, Co, Cr and Pb. The findings revealed that the ash percentage was high in egg shell of all birds under study which were consecutively 1.73, 1.72, 1.79 and 1.78 % for House Sparrow, White- eared Bulbul, Collared Dove and Rock Dove, Ca percentage was the highest percentage among the other elements which were 97.3, 97.4, 97.8 and 97.8 % respectively, where as P and Mg were ranging between 0.85 and 0.89 %. Shells of House Sparrow eggs were high in Cr, at the same time, the shells of White- eared Bulbul eggs were high in K, and those of Collared dove and Rock dove were high in Fe, Mn, and B. Percentage of Pb in egg shell of all studied birds were low.
Epidemiological Study of Trichomonas Vaginalis in Married females
Authors: Kadhum Suha A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the main risk factors with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in married women that have vaginal discharge. The study include (250) female who attended Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital (Gynecological Clinics), through the period from February 2010 to July 2010.Patients female were subjected for a special questionnaire sheet. The study has found that (65) females were infected with this parasite from total (250), who were complaining from vaginal discharge with infection rate 26%.Higher infection rate was recorded between pregnant female was 17.2% while non-pregnant women 8.8% .The main age group of infected women concentrated in (20-29 years) in which rate were 12.83% and 11.76% in pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively.According to educational level and socio-economic status, the study recorded higher percentage 50.76% between illiterate women and with low socio-economic status 63.07%.The highest infection with Trichomonas vaginalis obtained from women with white to gray discharge 58.46% and with bad odor 81.53%.Depending on residency, in rural residence the high percentage of infection were recorded 63.07% while comparing with urban 36.93%.Considering to contraceptive types which used by women 47.69% for IUDs, followed by 32.31% for contraceptive pills and low percentage for condom 20%.
Histopathological Study of Some Tigris River Fish Which Infected by Parasites
Authors: T. Mansor, N.
Published: May 2021

A total of 69 fish samples were collected from three stations Tigris River namely (Al-Zaafaraniya, Al-Tagei and Al-Shawaka) at Baghdad city, during the period from January to December 2010). These fishes were belonging to five species which were Barbus luteus, Carassius carassius, Chondrostoma regium, Liza abu and Silurus triostegus. The microscopial examination revealed infection with 39 species of ectoparasites and endoparasites including twenty one from protozoans (five ciliate (E.cyprini, E.dogieli, E.spherica, T.domerguei, T.nigra) and sixteen sporozoa (C.bychowski, Myxidium monstrasum, M.pfeifferi, M.rhodei, Myxobolus bramae, M.cyprini, M.cyprinicola, M.drgajini, M.koi, M.macrocapsulari, M.mulleri, M.oviformis, M.paljanski, M.parvus, M.pfeifferi and M.spherica)),twelve trematodes (nine of them from Monogenea (A.siluri , D.achmerovi , D.anchoratus, D.dulkiti, D.formosus, D.skarjabini, D.varicohrini,D.vasator and Diplozoon pavloviski) three digenea(A.coleostoma,D.commutatum, D.spathacum)), one nematode Rabdicona sp., two acanthocephala (N.cristatus, N.iraqensis), two crustaceans (D.varicoleus, E.sieboldi) and one from fungus I.hoferi. The present study included the histopathological changes which caused by Myxobolus on the site of infection (muscles, kidneys and gills) included muscular disorganization, necrosis, bleeding, hemorrhage and mononuclear cells infiltration, hyperplasia and telengiectasis on the gills secondary lamella. Also, the present study included the histopathological changes on the intestine which infected with Neochinorhynchus iraqinesis included closed of intestinal lumen with parasites section, debris necrosis, severe reduce of intestinal filament and mononuclear cells infiltration.
The Inhibitory Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylhnicum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinal) in the Growth of Some Bacterial Species in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Quail
Authors: Nafia Husam H.
Published: May 2021

This experiment conducted for studying the effects of crushed cinnamon and ginger to the diet at levels 0.1, 0.3, 0.6% in the bacterial growth of gastrointestinal tract of the quail. Ninety birds one day age divided randomly into ten transactions as 9 birds per treatment (three birds per duplicate). The numbers of bacteria, total aerobic bacteria in the colon of feces of birds were calculated, the results showed a significant reduction in the number of aerobic bacteria and the numbers of bacteria in the colon. Proportionally increase in the levels of crushed cinnamon, ginger, individually or in combination in comparison the control group showed influence inhibitory to the numbers of bacteria in the colon and aerobic bacteria when you add different levels of transactions compared to crushed ginger and cinnamon mixture into the bush.
A retrospective study using IgA in association with IgG and IgM for precise diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in suspected cases
Authors: AL-dujaily Khitam Y.O.
Published: May 2021

In order to achieve precise diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in suspected cases of aborted women and infants with abnormal clinical manifestation, 1725 serum samples consisting of 1450aborted women and 77 infants were tested by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), using IgG, IgM and IgA platellat oxogondii kits, 865 (56.64%) were found positive, 848 ( 58.48% ) were found in aborted women and 15 (22.07%) infants with a significant differences (P≤ 0.05).The immunoglobulin IgM , were detected in 72 (8.49%)cases of aborted women, IgM with IgG were found in 44 (61.11%) and with IgA in two (2.77%) cases ,whereas found in three(17.64%)cases of infants. While IgA were found in 77(9.08%) cases of aborted women, and 6 (35.22%) infants. IgG was detected in966 (82.42%(with a significant differences(p≤ 0.05 ),alone in602 (86.12%) ,and with IgA in 34(4.86%) case of aborted women and 8(47.05% )of infants. These results were support the importance of testing the suspected cases by all kinds of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA) to achieve precise diagnosis for toxoplasmosis.
Study the effect of addition alcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris on bovine oocyte maturation in vitro (IVM)
Authors: AL-Maeeni Imad M.
Published: May 2021

The present study included 98 bovine ovary collected from AL-Shulla slaughter house immediately after the animal was slaughtered. Ovaries were preserved in physiological saline at 37 Co and transport to the laboratory within 3-4 hrs. Diameters of the follicles were measured and divided into large (6-10 mm) and small (1-5 mm) follicles. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from large and small follicles using a 18 G needle connected to a 10 ml syringe COCs surrounded by compact and thick cumulus cell were cultured in an integrated culture media RPMI-1640 , than were divided in to two groups , the first group (control media) using integrated culture media only , the second group alcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris (Tt) plant was added to the culture media RPMI-1640 once a concentration of 50μg/ml , and the other a concentration of 25μ/ml . The results of the current study demonstrated superiority of alcoholic extract of 50μg/ml in the percentage of oocytes maturation which optended or drawn from large and small follicles compared with a concentration of 25μg/ml of the alcoholic extract it was observable the effect of adding alcoholic extract of T. t. plant in two concentrations of 25μg/ml and or 50μg/ml on the percentage of mature oocytes compared to control media (culture media RPMI-1640) .The present results indicated that the oocytes retrieved from larger follicles is better than small follicles in maturing oocytes maturation. In conclusion, alcoholic concentration of 50μg/ml preference extracted first and then the concentration of 25μg/ml T. t. plant extract that was added to culture media RPMI-1640 , superiority in percentage of the mature oocytes compared to control culture media RPMI-1640 , also the large follicle were better than small follicles in terms of equality suitable for mature oocytes.
تاثير استخدام المعالجة المغناطيسية للماء على وزن الجسم والصفات الدمية والكيموحيوية في الفار الابيض Mus musculus
Authors: السبع وفاء سامي سعيد
Published: May 2021

اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات مركز النهرين للتقانات الاحيائية /جامعة النهرين لدراسة تاثير المياه المعالجة مغناطيسيا في ) لعدة اختبارات لدراسة تأثير الماء 52 – 51( فار ابيض 051 الاداء الانتاجي والفسلجي والكيموحيوي في الفئران حيث اخضعت المعالج مغناطيسيا في مظاهر النمو للفئران وتاثير ذلك في تركيز خضاب الدم ( والنسبة المئوية لحجم خلايا الدم المرصوصة (Hb ALT وبعض الصفات الكيموحيوية(البروتين الكلي والكلوكوز) وبعض انزيمات الدم ( PCV ) , وانزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي AST كاوس).اظهرت 5111 و 0111وزعت الفئران عشوائيا الى ثلاث معاملات معاملة السيطرة ومعاملتي المعالجة المغناطيسية ( الدراسة زيادة معنوية في وزن الجسم ومعدل الزيادة الوزنية لكلا الجنسين وتحسن معنوي في خضاب الدم وحجم خلايا الدم المرصوصة في معاملتي المعالجة المغناطيسية مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة. ولوحظ انخفاض الكلوكوز والبروتين الكلي في ALT معاملات المعالجة المغناطيسية مع انخفاض في انزيمات . , والفوسفاتيز القاعدي AST
The Effect of Banana Leaf as Poultice on Wound Healing In Rabbits
Authors: Al-Mutheffer E’atelaf A.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of banana leafs as a wound dressing in rabbits. Ten adults local breed male rabbits weighing between 1.5 – 2 kg were used. The animals were divided into two equal groups. Animals were anesthetized by xylazine 5 mg / kg BW mixed with ketamine 40 mg / kg BW intramuscularly. Under aseptic technique (4-6) avulsion wounds 1cm in diameter were made on the back region of each rabbit. Control group didn’t receive any treatment, while the treated group the wounds were covered by the banana leaf as poultice for 14 days. Histopathological and gross evaluation revealed that there are significant differences between the two groups, because banana leaf provides a clean, waxy non adherent, water proof, and cheap dress to prevent the wound from the contaminated external environment
Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) to enhance health of common carp Cyprinus carpio L .
Authors: Al-Faragi Jamal K.
Published: May 2021

The mixing of ginger Zingiber officinale and garlic Allium sativum used at different concentrations ( ginger 10g/kg; garlic 10g/kg; ginger 5g/kg with garlic 5g/kg; ginger 7.5g/kg and garlic 2.5g/kg and ginger 2. 5g/kg and garlic 7.5g/kg in treated 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively) as a dietary supplements based on their performance in enhancing the fish healthy while control diet was free from ginger and garlic. Haematological parameters of 96 fishes of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were determined after two months, Red blood cells count (RBCs), white blood cells count (WBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) , and Packed cell volume (PCV) , total plasma protein , albumin and Globulin, liver enzymes (ALT,AST and ALP) using several laboratory techniques and equations. Results showed that all the RBCs , WBCs , PCV , Hb ,parameters and total plasma protein , albumin and Globulin concentrations show increase significantly (P<0.05) in treatment 2 while (AST), (ALT) and (ALP) activities in plasma decreased significantly with increasing levels of garlic and ginger addition.
Effect of Triclabendazole and Dexamethasone on Ovine Fascioliasis
Authors: Luaibi Oday K.
Published: May 2021

Thirty sheep in a flock suffering from fascioliasis were selected for the trial . Clinical findings, hematological, biochemical and fecal investigations were conducted. These animals were equally divided into two groups, the 1st group was given the flukecide triclabendazole alone, at a rate of 12mg/kg body weight orally and the 2nd group was given the same dose orally together with dexamethasone at a rate 0.5 mg / kg body weight I/M. Results showed that the 2nd group gave the quickest and the best response in the treatment. This could be explained that the use of corticosteroid assisted the triclabendazole in preventing immune damage and fibroplasias inflicted by the liver flukes beside to improvement metabolic actions of the animal.
Effects of soluble ß-glucan on the immune responses of broiler chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine and reared under heat stress
Authors: Mahdi Nidhal Raoof
Published: May 2021

The main objectives of this study was to determine the influence of soluble β-glucan extracted from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune response of broiler chickens reared under heat stress .β-glucan 225μg/ml was supplemented in drinking water to broiler chicken vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. The parameters of the assessment of the immune response was the Heterophil / Lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress, determination of the serum antibody titer post vaccination with the NDV vaccine by ELISA test and Immunohistochemical detection of macrophages by using monoclonal antibodies (mouse antichicken macrophage KUL01). A hundred and twenty (120) Chickens one day old were divided into two equal groups; group under heat stress and group control; each group was divided into two subgroups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) containing thirty chicks. The experiment was conducted for six weeks. The stressed group exposed to heat stress (≃35ºC) starting from the third week of age upto the end of the experiment. While (Group 1) and (G3) chicks were supplemented with 225µg/ml of soluble β-glucan in drinking water from day 1 to the end of the experiment, while (G2 and G4) chicks were not supplemented. The result of Heterophil /Lymphocyte ratio indicates that there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference within heat stressed treated which showed an elevated H/L ratio at 21,28 and 35 days old. Also there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference between groups that were treated with β-glucan (G1, G3) at 21, 28 and 32 days of age compared with a control non treated non stressed group (G4) at same periods. The results of antibody titer to NDV showed that there were significant (P < 0.05) differences among all groups at 7, 14 and 21 days of age, and the results of immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive staining for duodenal and bursal macrophages labeled with KUL-01 mouse anti-chicken monocyte- macrophages monoclonal antibodies. Tissue sections of duodenum and bursa at 14 and 24 days old stressed and non-stressed groups treated with β-glucan showed a positive result (purple-brown staining macrophages) in G1 and G3 as compared with duodenal and bursal tissues of G2 and G4groups which showed no stained cells.