bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gel Filtration Chromatographic Study on the Micelle Formation of Triton X-100
Authors: Funasaki Noriaki , Hada Sakae , Neya Saburo
Published: July 2006

The aggregation properties of Triton X-100 are investigated by frontal gel (Sephadex G-200) filtration chromatography (GFC) at 25 °C and considered in the framework of the monomer–m-mer equilibrium on the basis of both asymptotic and plate theories. The analysis of GFC data by asymptotic theory yields an equilibrium constant of K=1.3×1068 (mmol dm−3)−138 and a micellar elution volume of Vm=15.30 cm3. By using this Vm value, we calculate a micellar hydrodynamic radius of 4.6 nm and the monomer concentration C1 for Triton X-100. Values of cmc=0.30 mmol dm−3 (UV at 245 nm) and 0.31 mmol dm−3 (UV at 265 nm and GFC) are determined and are very close to the cmc value theoretically calculated by using Phillips’ definition of the cmc. The C1 value above the cmc is larger than these cmc values by about 0.06 mmol dm−3. The derivative elution pattern at the trailing boundary exhibits two maxima and a minimum (Vmin), and indicates the formation of small micelles near the cmc. The concentration at Vmin on the elution curve, Cmin, is close to the cmc, as we have already predicted by both asymptotic and plate theories. The present work demonstrates the utility of these theories for analyzing the GFC pattern of self-associating systems and will serve to understand the actions of Triton X-100 on membrane bound proteins and on lipid bilayers.
Acid-Catalyzed Transformation of α-Hydroxy-γ-oxo Acetals to γ-Oxo Esters. A Novel Deconjugation of 4-Oxo-2-alkenal Acetals
Authors: Kanemasa Shuji , Nakagawa Norihiko , Suga Hiroyuki , Tsuge Otohiko
Published: July 2006

Under acid catalysis, α-hydroxy-γ-oxo acetals which are readily available from the nitrile oxide cycloaddition route are smoothly converted into γ-oxo esters. This unusual and high-yield transformation involves rare acid-catalyzed deconjugation of the intermediary 4-oxo-2-alkenal acetals and is influenced by a substituent at the 5-position.
Molecular Recognition in the Formation of Conglomerate Crystal. 2. The Role of Arenesulfonic Acid in the Conglomerate Crystals of Amino Acid Salts
Authors: Kimoto Hiroki , Saigo Kazuhiko , Ohashi Yuji , Hasegawa Masaki
Published: July 2006

The structures of conglomerate crystals, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid salt of l-alanine, p-toluenesulfonic acid salt of l-serine, and benzenesulfonic acid salt of l-leucine, were determined by X-ray analysis. The crystals are built up of repeating units consisting of two amine components and two acid components to form a helical column by hydrogen bonds. The arrangements of the arenesulfonic acids are found to be similar to each other in these systems. Moreover, the arrangements have similarity to those of cinnamic acid in the crystals of cinnamic acid salts of (R)-1-phenylethylamine and of (R)-1-(4-isopropylphenyl)ethylamine, which are also conglomerates. These results suggest that our proposed criteria for the choice of an achiral derivatizing agent in the transformation of a racemic compound into a conglomerate crystal is appropriate.
Anodic Oxidation of (Trimethylsilyl)methanes with π-Electron Substituents in the Presence of Nucleophiles
Authors: Koizumi Toshio , Fuchigami Toshio , Nonaka Tsutomu
Published: July 2006

It was found that oxidation potentials of methanes with π-electron substituents were decreased by introduction of a trimethylsilyl group. The anodic oxidation of benzyl-, allyl-, aryl(or alkyl)thiomethyl-, and aryloxymethyl-substituted trimethylsilanes smoothly proceeded in the presence of nucleophiles, e.g. alcohols and carboxylic acids, to eliminate the trimethylsilyl groups giving the corresponding alkoxylated and carboxylated products in moderate or high yields without full optimization of electrolytic conditions, while aminomethylsilanes did not undergo such a kind of anodic oxidation.
On the Relationship between the Chemical Structure and the Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoids as Studied by 13C NMR
Authors: Sakamoto Yohko , Ohmoto Taichi , Nikaido Tamotsu , Koike Kazuo , Tomimori Tsuyoshi , Miyaichi Yukinori , Shirataki Yoshiaki , Monache F D , Botta B , Yokoe Ichiro , Komatsu Manki , Watanabe Shosuke , Ando Isao
Published: July 2006

The relationship between the chemical structure and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity was studied regarding forty-eight flavones, thirty-five flavanones, and six isoflavones by using the 13C NMR chemical shift averaged over all aromatic carbons in a compound. The average value of potent 13C chemical shifts over the aromatic carbons active flavonoids (IC50 0.6–20.0×10−5 M/L) are within the range from δ 133.5 to δ 135.7, but those of the inactive flavonoids and the weak active flavonoids are not within this range. This means that the averaged 13C chemical shift becomes an “index” for testing the inhibitory activity. Further, the above relationship was proposed as a means for conveniently determining the inhibitory activity.
An X-Ray Diffraction Study on the Stucture of 18-Crown-6 Ether Complexes with Alkali Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ozutsumi Kazuhiko , Natsuhara Masahiko , Ohtaki Hitoshi
Published: July 2006

The structure of 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6) and its complexes with alkali metal ions in aqueous solution has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic methods at 25 °C. The X-ray scattering data and Raman spectrum for an aqueous 18-crown-6 solution show that free 18-crown-6 has a conformation of C1 or D3d symmetry. The molecule seems to be flexible and may be present as a mixture of the two conformations in aqueous solution. The structure of the lithium complex was not conclusive because of a weak scattering power of lithium atoms and weak complex formation between lithium ion and 18-crown-6. The sodium 18-crown-6 complex is estimated to have a structure similar to that found in crystal. The 18-crown-6 ring within the complex adopts the C1 conformation, where five oxygen atoms within 18-crown-6 coordinate to sodium ion at the equatorial position and an oxygen atom within 18-crown-6 and a water molecule at the axial one. The structure of the potassium complex is also similar to that in crystal in which the D3d conformation is taken. Potassium ion is located at the center of the mean plane of 18-crown-6 and one or two water molecules solvate potassium ion above and/or below the plane of 18-crown-6. It is suggested that the structure of the caesium complex is with either C1 or D3d symmetry, where caesium ion is apart from the mean plane of 18-crown-6. The rubidium complex was not examined because of a strong fluorescent X-ray emission from rubidium atoms when studied. The 18-crown-6 ring in the sodium and potiassium complexes is rather rigid probably because the cavity of the ring well fits to the metal ions, while the ring coordinating to large caesium ion becomes more flexible than that in the sodium and potassium complexes due to weaker interaction with caesium ion.
Reactive Langmuir–Blodgett Membrane for Biosensor Applications. Use of Succinimidyl Behenoate-Based Membranes as Support for Covalently Immobilizing α-Chymotrypsin
Authors: Anzai Jun-ichi , Lee Shouryu , Osa Tetsuo
Published: July 2006

Succinimidyl behenoate was synthesized to prepare Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) membranes which possess reactive groups on the surface. The surface of the succinimidyl behenoate-based LB membrane could be covalently modified with α-chymotrypsin, for the purpose of biosensor applications.
Physicochemical Studies on Solid Solutions of Calcium Phosphorus Arsenic Hydroxyapatites
Authors: Mahapatra P P , Mahapatra L M , Mishra Bagmi
Published: July 2006

Samples of arsenic hydroxyapatite and its solid solutions with calcium hydroxyapatite are synthesized in aqueous media. The samples are characterized by X-ray, infrared spectra, the assignments of phosphate, arsenate, and hydroxyl bands are recorded. The possibility of anion migration in the apatite lattice is proposed. Presence of water, adsorbed in nature, is indicated in the TGA and DTA analysis of the samples. The solubility product, Ksp, of the samples of arsenic hydroxyapatite Ca10(AsO4)6(OH)2, and the solid solutions, Ca10(PO4)6−x(AsO4)x(OH)2, (x=1 to 5) are determined considering the formation of ion pairs [CaHAsO4]0, [CaHPO4]0, [Ca(H2AsO4)]+, and [Ca(H2PO4)]+ in solution. The instability of the samples in solution is indicated from the experimental ΔG0soln. values.
Concentrated Mixtures of 1:1 Electrolytes: Densities and Excess Volumes of Aqueous KBr with KCl and NaBr
Authors: Kumar Anil
Published: July 2006

Densities of aqueous KCl–KBr and NaBr–KBr mixtures are reported from the ionic strengths 0.5 to 4 mol kg−1 of water. The results are analyzed in the light of Pitzer theory of specific interactions. The deviations of experimental quantities from the Young rule (excess volumes) are discussed in terms of interactions between the ions of like charges. The excess volumes showed weak dependence on temperature.
The Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Behavior of Alkylammonium Benzenesulfonates and Related Salts
Authors: Ito Masato , Matsunaga Yoshio , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Shimojima Saeko
Published: July 2006

Alkylammonium benzene-, pyridine-3-, p-toluene-, and p-ethylbenzenesulfonates were found to be smectogenic when the cation carries an octyl or longer alkyl group. The thermal stability of the mesophase usually reaches its maximum at the octadecylammonium salt. The temperature range of stable existence is in the following order: pyridine-3-sulfonate>p-toluenesulfonate>benzenesulfonate>p-ethylbenzenesulfonate, suggesting the presence of a specific interaction between the ammonium ion and the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring.
The Reactivities of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Catalytic Hydrogenation over Supported Noble Metals
Authors: Sakanishi Kinya , Ohira Masato , Mochida Isao , Okazaki Hiroshi , Soeda Mahito
Published: July 2006

The reactivities of several polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene: P, fluoranthene: FL, anthracene: An, fluorene: F, acridine: Ac, and carbazole: C) in the catalytic hydrogenation were studied and compared over supported noble metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ru on a carbon or alumina support). The specific reactivity and selectivity were found to be strongly dependent upon the combination of the catalyst species and the substrate. The catalysts exhibited the activity order of Rh > Pd >> Pt > Ru for tricyclic aromatics of An, F, Ac, and C, although the catalysts provided very variable selectivities of the partially hydrogenated products which were produced via both consecutive and competitive routes, apparently according to the type of ring-skeleton and the presence of a nitrogen atom. The reactivity of the starting substrates and intermediates are compared to the quantum chemical reactivity indices, calculated based on MNDO (modified neglect of diatomic overlap). The values of the LUMO electron density, the π-bond order, and the stability of the product appear to govern the reactivity and selectivity of the hydrogenation, depending upon the combination of the catalyst species and the substrate. No hydrogenation of a substrate proceeds when its reactivity indices are less than the threshold value, which is subject to the activity of the catalyst and the reaction conditions defining product selectivity via both competitive and consecutive schemes.
A Practical Method for Optical Resolution of 1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic Acid via 1-Phenylethylamides
Authors: Ôi Shuichi , Matsuzaka Yutaka , Yamashita Junzo , Miyano Sotaro
Published: July 2006

Both enantiomers of 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid (100% ee’s by HPLC) were conveniently obtained in high yields (ca. 80% of the theory) via fractional crystallization of the (S)-1-phenylethylamide diastereomers of the racemic acid followed by treatment with thionyl chloride and then alkaline hydrolysis.
AN YLID EXCHANGE REACTION OF SULFILIMINE
Authors: Yamamoto Tamotsu , Harigaya Yasuji , Okawara Makoto
Published: July 2006

The reaction of new sulfilimine, N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-S,S-dimethylsulfilimine 1, with p-toluenesulfonamide gave N-p-toluenesulfonyl-S,S-dimethylsulfilimine 2. The reaction of 1 with carbon acids 3 having active methylene gave stable S-C ylids (exchange of S-N ylid for S-C ylid), while 2 reacted with malonitrile to give S-C ylid only in low yield. Thus, the ylid exchange mechanism based on the equilibrium including the protonated sulfonium salts has been assumed.
PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA OF ANILINES
Authors: Kobayashi Tsunetoshi , Nagakura Saburo
Published: July 2006

Photoelectron spectra of aniline, toluidines, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dimethyltoluidines were measured, ionization being effected by irradiation with the 584 Å helium resonance line. The assignment of the observed photoelectron spectra was made, special attention being paid upon the steric hindrance effect of o-methyl groups upon ionization potentials.
BINUCLEAR METAL COMPLEXES. V. TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF A BINUCLEAR COPPER(II) COMPLEX OF A MACROCYCLE CONTAINING AMIDO GROUPS
Authors: Okawa Hisashi , Honda Mitsuo , Kida Sigeo
Published: July 2006

A new binucleating ligand, 2,6-bis (β-aminoethylcarbamoyl)-4-methylphenol was prepared and its copper(II) complex was isolated. By the reaction of this complex and 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol, a binuclear copper(II) complex of a new macrocycle, 23,24-dihydroxy-10,21-dimethyl-3,6,14,17-tatraazatricyclo[17,3,1,18,12]tetracosa-1(23),6,8(24),9,11,13,19,21-octaene-2,18-dione, was synthesized.
AUTOXIDATION OF HALOGENATED METHYL THYROPROPIONATES CATALYZED BY BIS(3-SALICYLIDENEAMINOPROPYL)AMINECOBALT(II). A MODEL REACTION FOR THE METABOLISM OF THYROXINE
Authors: Nagamachi Tomoaki , Nishinaga Akira , Matsuura Teruo
Published: July 2006

Autoxidation of halogenated methyl thyropropionates catalyzed by bis(3-salicylideneaminopropyl)aminecobalt(II) gave rise to direct cleavage of their diphenyl ether linkage. The reaction provides a model for the enzymic degradation of thyroxine to form diiodotyrosine.
PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF p-BENZOQUINONES STUDIED BY CIDNP TECHNIQUE
Authors: Maruyama Kazuhiro , Otsuki Tetsuo , Takuwa Akio
Published: July 2006

Photo-reduction of p-benzoquinone and its methyl- or chloro-derivatives has been investigated using the CIDNP technique. Strongly polarized PMR signals due to p-benzoquinones themselves, active reaction intermediates and hydroquinones were observed during the course of the reactions. From these results, the reaction scheme of these photo-reductions was proposed.
THE ELECTROCATALYTIC CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES I. DEHYDROGENATION OF CYCLOHEXENE BY THE ELECTROREDUCED METAL COMPLEXES OF α,β,γ,δ-TETRAPHENYLPORPHINE I.
Authors: Kageyama Hironori , Hidai Masanobu , Uchida Yasuzo
Published: July 2006

The cobalt complex of α,β,γ,δ-tetraphenylporphine reduced by electrolysis had the catalytic activity of dehydrogenating cyclohexene to 1,5- and 1,4-cyclohexadiene and benzene. The composition of the dehydrogenated products depended upon the solvents used. An anion radical of Co(I) complex was assumed the intermediate based on e.s.r. and polarographic data.
PREPARATION OF N-SUBSTITUTED HEXAFLUOROISOPROPYLIDENIMINES
Authors: Ishikawa Nobuo , Kitazume Tomoya
Published: July 2006

N-Substituted hexafluoroisopropylidenimines were synthesized from hexafluorothioacetone dimer [1] by treatment with either aryl or alkylamines. The phenylhydrazone and semicarbazone of hexafluoroacetone were also obtained directly from 1 and carbonyl reagents.
THE THERMAL CYCLIZATION OF 8-(2,2-DISUBSTITUTED VINYL) HEPTAFULVENES LEADING TO AZULENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Tsuruta Haruki , Sugiyama Takekatsu , Mukai Toshio
Published: July 2006

Pyrolysis of 8-(2,2-dicyano-)-(3) and 8-(2-cyano-2-methoxycarbonylvinyl) heptafulvenes (5) afforded 1,2- or 1,3-disubstituted azulenes (6–9). The formation of such azulene derivatives could be explained in terms of thermally allowed ten electron-participating ring closure followed by 1,5-sigmatropic migration of cyano and/or methoxycarbonyl group(s).
DIFFUSION AND REORIENTATION OF TRIMETHYLACETIC ACID IN SOLID AND LIQUID AS STUDIED BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: Soda Gen , Chihara Hideaki
Published: July 2006

From the measurements of the line shape and the relaxation time of protons in solid and liquid (CH3)3CCOOH between 77 and 320 K, the activation energies were derived for CH3 reorientation (2.0 kcal mol−1) and the axial reorientation of molecules (4.2) below 280 K, self-diffusion (4.8) in the plastic solid, and self-diffusion (4.7) in the liquid.
THERMAL STABILITIES OF METAL OXALATO COMPLEXES IN SOLID STATE
Authors: Nagase Kenzo
Published: July 2006

The thermal decomposition reactions of a number of metal oxalato complexes in solid state were studied by the methods of TG and EGA, It was found that the thermal stabilities of the anhydrous complexes decrease approximately with the increase of electron-accepting abilities of the central metal ions.
DIRECT CONVERSION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS INTO ACYL CHLORIDES AND ESTERS USING 9-CHLOROACRIDINE
Authors: Inoue Hiroo , Kawahara Shin-ichi , Imoto Eiji
Published: July 2006

9-Chloroacridine reacted with carboxylic acids in benzene to give acridone and acyl chlorides in satisfactory yields. In the presence of alcohols, the carboxylic acids were converted to the corresponding esters.
PREPARATION OF CARRIER-FREE GALLIUM-67 FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Yagi Masuo , Kondo Kenjiro
Published: July 2006

A method for preparing carrier-free gallium-67 for medical applications has been developed using the photonuclear reactions. The production rate from the 70Ge(γ,p2n) and 70Ge(γ,3n) 67Ge\oversetβ\ightharpoonup reactions was about 25 μCi per hour per gram of natural germanium target at an average electron beam current of 120 μA and at 60MeV.
THE CONSTITUENTS OF ARCTIUM LAPPA L
Authors: Naya Keizo , Tsuji Kazuyasu , Haku Unsho
Published: July 2006

Ten components including two new sesquiterpenes have been isolated from the leaves of Arctium lappa L. The new compounds, dehydrofukinone (I) and arctiol (II) proved to be Δ9(10)-fukinone and 8α-hydroxyeudesmol respectively.
DEPENDENCE OF DISTRIBUTION RATIO ON THE ANIONIC RADII FOR THE SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF PHENANTHROLINE AND BIPYRIDINE IRON(II) ION PAIRS
Authors: Yamamoto Yuroku , Tarumoto Tsunehiko , Iwamoto Etsuro
Published: July 2006

Distribution ratio was measured for the extraction of ion pairs of tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) and tris(2,2′-bipyridine)iron(II) with halide and pseudohalide anions. Nitrobenzene and dichloroethane were used as solvents. It was found that the larger the anion, the greater is the distribution ratio of the ion pair.
ELECTROPHILE INDUCED CYCLIZATION OF FARNESOL
Authors: Ohta Yoshimoto , Hirose Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The cyclization of farnesol with BF3 etherate in dichloromethane solution afforded α-cedrene, 2-epi-α-cedrene and five new hydrocarbons of muurolane type together with isomeric bisabolenes, α-curcumene and δ-selinene. The structure determination of the new compounds and the formation mechanism of cyclized products are presented.
A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHENYLTHIOMETHYL KETONES
Authors: Kuwajima Isao , Kurata Yukiko
Published: July 2006

It has been found that the reaction of bis (phenylthlio)methyllithium with various aldehydes, followed by treatment with methyllithium leads to the formation of the corresponding phenylthiomethyl ketones, accompanied with liberation of phenylthiolate anion, in high yields.
PHOTOCLEAVAGE OF COUMARIN DIMERS
Authors: Hasegawa Masaki , Suzuki Yasuzo , Kita Nobuyuki
Published: July 2006

trans-head-to-head Coumarin dimer cleaves into coumarin in chloroform by irradiation with the light of wavelength 277 nm in high yield. When a ring opened dimer, trans-3,cis-4-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-l,trans-2-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid in aqueous solution is irradiated, a mixture of trans-2,2′-dihydroxystilbene and fumaric acid is obtained in high yield.
THE EFFECT OF pH ON THE PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF DIPHENYLFUMARODINITRILE
Authors: Watanabe Shohji , Ichimura Kunihiro
Published: July 2006

The photocyclization of diphenylfumarodinitrile was found to suffer the pH effect. The yield of 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene decreases with decrease in pH of the solution.
PHOTOCHEMICAL AND RADIATION-INDUCED REACTIONS OF ACETYLENE AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE MIXTURE. SYNTHESIS OF THIOPHENE
Authors: Tsukada Masao , Oka Takefumi , Shida Shoji
Published: July 2006

The ultraviolet irradiation of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of acetylene gives rise to a cyclic compound, thiophene, in addition to straight chain compounds already reported. In the photolysis or radiolysis of acetylene containing a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, the yield of benzene decreases while thiophene increases with increasing amounts of hydrogen sulfide.
AgClO4–SnCl4 AS AN EFFECTIVE CATALYST IN THE FRIEDEL–CRAFTS ALKYLATION
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Ueki Masaaki , Izawa Toshio , Kuwahara Mikio
Published: July 2006

The Friedel–Crafts alkylation of aromatic compounds with benzyl alcohol or trioxane in the presence of AgClO4–SnCl4 was investigated. By this modified procedure various aromatic compounds including chlorobenzene were alkylated at room temperature in high yields. When trioxane was used as alkylating source, diphenylmethane was obtained in excellent yield without accompanying the formation of dibenzyl ether. Based on this finding, it was shown that C–O bond of the benzyl ether was cleaved under the very mild conditions by this couple.
RESTRICTED ROTATION INVOLVING THE TETRAHEDRAL CARBON. III. ISOLATION OF ISOMERS DUE TO RESTRICTED ROTATION ABOUT AN sp3–sp3 CARBON BOND
Authors: Oki Michinori , Yamamoto Gaku
Published: July 2006

A dl pair and a meso form of dimethyl 9-(1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethenoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylate are obtained as stable isomers at room temperature. These isomers must originate from restricted rotation about the C9–Cα bond. Data for the thermal equilibrations and activation parameters for the interconversion are obtained.
THE SYNTHESIS AND STEREOSTRUCTURE OF PUTRANJIC ACID
Authors: Aoyagi Reiko , Furukori Etsuko , Moriyama Yoshihiko , Tsuyuki Takahiko , Takahashi Takeyoshi
Published: July 2006

A triterpenic hydroxy acid, named putranjic acid, isolated from Putranjiva roxburghii has been synthesized from friedelane-2,3-dione, and the complete stereostructure has been determined.
THE THIOPHENE AND PYRROLE CLATHRATES OF Cd(en)Ni(CN)4 HOST LATTICE Cd(en)Ni(CN)4·2C4H4S AND Cd(en)Ni(CN)4·2C4H4NH
Authors: Iwamoto Toschitake , Ohtsu Yutaka
Published: July 2006

The thiophene and pyrrole clathrates Cd(en)Ni(CN)4·2C4H4NH and Cd(en)Ni(CN)Cd(en)Ni(CN)4·2C4H4S were prepared. Their structures were discussed with the data of the unit cell dimensions and the infrared spectra in comparison with the known benzene clathrate Cd(en)Ni(CN)4·2C6H6 of which the infrared spectrum was reassigned. The c-dimension of unit cell, i. e., the length of Cd-en-Cd bridge in the host lattice decreases in the order of guest species, benzene, thiophene and pyrrole, identical with that of decreasing diameter of the aromatic ring.
CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC HYDROFORMYLATION WITH A CHIRAL PHOSPHINE–RHODIUM COMPLEX
Authors: Tanaka Masato , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Mitsudo Take-aki , Yamamoto Kazuo , Takegami Yoshinobu
Published: July 2006

Styrene, α-ethylstyrene and phenyl vinyl ether are hydroformylated asymmetrically in the presence of chlorocarbonylbis(diphenylneomenthylphosphine)rhodium (I) as catalyst.
A BASE-INDUCED CARBANIONIC ELIMINATION REACTION OF PHENYLSULFONYLACETATES
Authors: Mano Hiroshi , Sera Akira
Published: July 2006

1,2-Diphenylethyl phenylsulfonylacetate underwent predominantly a syn β-elimination with potassium t-butoxide in t-butyl alcohol. A carbanion intermediate and a six-membered cyclic transition state are suggested.
MASS SPECTROMETRY OF DIVALENT METAL OXINATES
Authors: Kidani Yoshinori , Naga Shinobu , Koike Hisashi
Published: July 2006

In order to apply mass spectrometry to metal complex chemistry, the mass spectra of oxinates of divalent metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Mn) were measured and the fragmentation of oxinates were investigated.

It was found that there are two types of decomposition pathways, and the ionic radii of the metals were found to be related closely to the mass intensity ratio between the molecular ion and the fragment ion of 1 : 1 complex (M·+-144). The stabilities of metal oxinates against electron impact have been considered.
REACTIONS OF 5-SUBSTITUTED DIBENZOTHIOPHENIUM SALTS WITH ORGANOLITHIUMS
Authors: Hori Mikio , Kataoka Tadashi , Shimizu Hiroshi , Miyagaki Michihiro
Published: July 2006

The reactions of 5-substituted dibenzothiophenium salts and 10-arylthioxanthenium salts with organolithiums have been found to yield ring opening products (A), ligand exchange ring opening products (B) and other products, as shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The formation of these compounds supports the assumption of the pseudorotation of pentacoordinated sulfur intermediates in these reactions.
OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS WITH AN AQUEOUS PALLADIUM(II) SALT SOLUTION
Authors: Nakajima Riichiro , Hara Tadashi
Published: July 2006

The oxidative coupling of aromatic compounds was carried out between the organic phase containing an aromatic compound and the aqueous phase containing palladium(II) perchlorate-ferric perchlorate system as the catalyst. The yields of biphenyl and bitolyl per hour based on palladium charged were 350 and 1000 percent, respectively.
STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE HYDROGENATION OF ETHYL 2-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENYL ETHER. AN EXAMPLE OF STEREOSPECIFIC CIS ADDITION OF HYDROGEN
Authors: Nishimura Shigeo , Kano Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The hydrogenation of ethyl 2-methyl-1-cyclohexenyl ether with platinum metal catalysts yields saturated cis-ether with high stereospecificity in ethanol. Formation of the trans-ether during the course of hydrogenation arises through isomerization to ethyl 6-methyl-1-cyclohexenyl ether which yields both cis- and trans-ethers on hydrogenation.
THE REACTION OF METHYL 7-OXODEHYDROABIETATE WITH PEBBENZOIC ACID AND THE SYNTHESIS OF 11-METHOXYDEHYDROABIETANE
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Imai Sachihiko , Aizawa Michio , Kitagawa Hidemoto , Fukui Kenji
Published: July 2006

The oxidation of methyl 7-oxodehydroabietate with perbenzoic acid afforded a mixture of lactone (III), quinone (IV), hydroxyester (V), and hydroxyquinone (VI). The intramolecular cyclization of half acid (VIII) derived from V gave two ketoesters (XI and XII). The structures of XI and XII were assigned on the basis of their chemical and spectroscopic studies, and XII was converted into 11-methoxydehydroabietane (XXXIV).
THE REACTIVE CHARACTERS OF THE RADICAL ANIONS SO3− AND SO4− WITH OLEFINIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Ozawa Toshihiko , Sato Mitsuo , Kwan Takao
Published: July 2006

ESR evidence is presented that the sulfite radical anions can add to methacrylic, crotonic and fumaric acids respectively forming the corresponding secondary radicals. The reactions are compared with those of the sulfate radical anions due to Norman et al., and the difference in the distribution of unpaired electron density of each radical anion is discussed.
ISOMERIC SYSTEM OF C5H5− AND C5H5+ IONS
Authors: Yoneda Shigeo , Yoshida Zen-ichi
Published: July 2006

The geometrical and electronic structures of C5H5− and C5H5+ systems have been studied applying CNDO/2 method. The antiaromatic C5H5+ system in the planar structure was found to be much stabilized in three dimensional C4v symmetrical structure.
ON THE DENSITY OF THE LIQUID OF SATURATED HYDROCARBONS. I. A PRELIMINARY MONTE CARLO CALCULATION OF A SQUARE LATTICE MODEL FOR PENTANES
Authors: Kawasaki Keiko , Hosoya Haruo
Published: July 2006

A Monte Carlo calculation was performed to obtain the densities of the liquid states of pentanes based on a square lattice model. For the pentane isomers the numbers of the molecules admitted in the lattice are normal>iso>neo in agreement with the observed densities.
A HINDERED ROTATION OF THE SUBSTITUENTS IN SOME PHENOXYL RADICAL AS STUDIED BY ENDOR
Authors: Yamamoto Takamitsu , Kohno Masahiro , Miyamae Teruo , Mukai Kazuo , Ishizu Kazuhiko
Published: July 2006

The ENDOR spectrum of bis-(3,5-di-t-butyl phenoxyl)-methyl was observed from −80°C to −20°C. The hyperfine coupling constants of both the ring and the t-butyl protons were precisely measured, and the saturation behavior of these ENDOR absorption was investigated. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine coupling constants was studied and the evidences of a restricted rotation of both phenoxyl and t-butyl groups were demonstrated in this radical.
LAYERED COMPOUNDS. VIII. PARACYCLOPRANE CONTAINING 1,2,3,4,5-HEXAPENTAENE GROUP
Authors: Negi Taichi , Kaneda Takahiro , Sakata Yoshiteru , Misumi Soichi
Published: July 2006

Paracyclophanes containing 1,2,3,4,5-hexapentaene group (IIb and IXc) and alicyclic hexapentaene (IIa) have been synthesized and it is concluded on the basis of their electronic spectra that there was appreciable transannular interaction between benzene nucleus and hexapentaene group in IIb.
THE PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF 9,10-DIAZAPHENANTHRENE IN ACIDIC SOLUTION
Authors: Inoue Hiroyasu , Matsuka Yoshihiko
Published: July 2006

The photochemical reaction of 9,10-diazaphenanthrene (DAP) was investigated in the acidic aqueous 2-propanol under nitrogen. It has been found that with ultraviolet irradiation (366 nm) DAP changes into carbazole. On the other hand, it was deduced that 2,2′-diaminobiphenyl was produced with visible light irradiation.
CATALITIC ACTIVITY OF ZnO–SiO2 FOR ISOMERIZATION OF BUTENES
Authors: Tanabe Kozo , Sumiyoshi Takashi , Hattori Hideshi
Published: July 2006

The activity and selectivity of a new mixed oxide, ZnO–SiO2, at several compositions have been examined for the isomerization of butenes. ZnO or SiO2 alone did not show any appreciable activity, but ZnO-SiO2 (mole ratio : 9) was found to show a very high activity with an interesting selectivity.
NIGRANOIC ACID, A NEW A-SECO-CYCLOARTENE TRITERPENOID
Authors: Kikuchi Mitsuko , Yoshikoshi Akira
Published: July 2006

Nigranoic acid, a new seco-triterpenoid, was isolated from Shizandra nigra and proved to be 3,4-seco-9,19-cyclo-9β-lanosta-4(28),24-dien-3,26-dioic acid (I).
SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF NITROBENZENE BY SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF POLYAMINE–COBALT COMPLEXES
Authors: Arai Yoshio , Mijin Akihiko , Takahashi Yukio
Published: July 2006

The selective reduction of nitrobenzene to azoxybenzene by NaBH4 in the presence of various polyamine–Co complexes was investigated. The polyamine used were ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and tetraethylenepentamine. The optimum molar ratio of polyamine to Co was 2 or 1. The conversion increased in the following order: tetraethylenepentamine > triethylenetetramine > diethylenetriamine = ethylenediamine.
CYCLOADDITIONS OF DIAZOALKMTES TO VINYL AND ALLYL SULFIDE SYSTEMS
Authors: Kondo Kiyosi , Ojima Iwao
Published: July 2006

Chemical evidence for the activation of double bonds by the use of 3d orbitals of sulfur atom on cycloadditions was obtained in the reaction of phenyl vinyl sulfide and allyl benzyl sulfide with diazomethane.
ORGANOLANTHANIDES AND ORGANOACTINIDES. IV. TRICYCLOPENTADIENYLPHENYLURANIUM(IV)
Authors: Gebala Allen E , Tsutsui Minoru
Published: July 2006

Tricyclopentadienylphenyluranium(IV) has been synthesized from Cp3U–Cl and phenyl lithium in THF and contains a U(IV)–carbon σ bond. Infrared and 1H NMR spectra support the presence of a phenyl group bound to uranium; proton assignments for the compound were confirmed from the spectrum obtained for tricyclopentadienyl-p-tolyluranium(IV) and a contact mechanism postulated to explain the shift of the ortho and para protons relative to the meta.
PI-SIGMA REARRANGEMENTS OF PI-CYCLOPENTADIENYL GROUP: REACTION OF TITANOCENE DICHLORIDE WITH DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE
Authors: Tsutsui Minoru , Hudman Curtis E
Published: July 2006

The reaction between titanocene dichloride and dimethylsulfoxide at 70°C under argon resulted in the π-σ rearrangement of both cyclopentadienyl groups.
PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF 6,6-DIMETHYLFULVENE IN ALKALINE METHANOLIC SOLUTION
Authors: Harada Nobuyuki , Suzuki Shukuko , Uda Hisashi , Ueno Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

Both direct and sensitized photooxidations of 6,6-dimethylfulvene in alkaline methanolic solutions gave, in addition to two methanol addition products of 5-isopropylidene-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone: 2-isopropenyl- (5∼12 %) and 2-(2’-methoxyisopropyl)- (21∼28 %) 4-methoxy-2-cyclopentenones, α-furyl isopropyl ketone (3 %) which would be presumably formed via rearrangements of the intermediates postulated previously for the formation of the oxepinone and 4-hydroxymethylenecyclopentenone derivatives.
2(7H)-OXEPINONES: PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF 6-MONOSUBSTITUTED FULVENES
Authors: Kawamoto Akira , Kosugi Hiroshi , Uda Hisashi
Published: July 2006

The photooxidation of 6-phenylfulvene gave a mixture of oxepinone derivatives, from which the more stable 3-phenyl-2(7H)-oxepinone was obtained in pure form. On the other hand, 6-isopropylfulvene afforded 3-isopropyl-2(3H)-oxepinone or an inseparable mixture with 3-isopropyl-2(7H)-oxepinone. 4-Hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone derivatives were preferentially produced from both fulvenes when the reaction was conducted in methanol using Rose Bengal as a sensitizer.
EMISSION SPECTRA OF THE CN RADICAL PRODUCED BY THE REACTION OF METASTABLE ARGON ATOMS WITH CH3CN AND HCN
Authors: Urisu Tsuneo , Kuchitsu Kozo
Published: July 2006

The CN violet and red emission spectra have been observed by the dissociative excitation of CH3CN and HCN by collision with Ar (3P0,2) atoms formed by a microwave discharge. In the violet bands the relative populations in higher vibrational levels (v′≥11) for the B 2σ state resulting from HCN are much larger than the corresponding populations resulting from CH3CN. Vibrational structure with maximum intensity at v′=6 or 7 has been observed in the red bands.
S–S AND C–S STRETCHING VIBRATIONS AND MOLECULAR CONFORMATIONS OF DIALKYL DISULFIDES AND CYSTINE
Authors: Sugeta Hirorau , Go Akikatsu , Miyazawa Tatsuo
Published: July 2006

Raman and infrared spectra of dialkyl disulfides were measured. Correlations of S–S and C–S stretching frequencies to molecular conformations were found for dialkyl disulfides.The molecular structure of cystine in aqueous solution was studied on the basis of the observed S–S and C–S stretching vibrations.
CHEMICAL FORM OF IRON DISPERSED IN THE GLASSY CARBON
Authors: Yajima Seishi , Omori Mamoru
Published: July 2006

The polycondensed resin from acetylferrocene and furfural was heated up to 400°C in vacuum. The chemical form of iron, which vas liberated by destruction of the ferrocene skeleton, was examined by IR, ESR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and electron microscopy and from magnetic property. The results indicate iron in the carbon network may be in isolated atomic form.
SYNTHETIC STUDIES OF CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVES WITH PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION. V. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF d-GLUCAL AND 2-HYDROXY-d-GLUCAL ACETATES WITH LACTONITRILE
Authors: Matsuura Kazuo , Araki Younosuke , Ishido Yoshiharu , Kainosho Masatsune
Published: July 2006

3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-hydroxy-d-glucal were found to give the corresponding 1′-cyanoethyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy- and 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-d-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosides in high yields in the photochemical reaction with lactonitrile accompanied by the elimination of acetic acid and the rearrangement of their double bond.
FORMATION OF N-ALKOXYURETHANES IN THE REACTION OF ETHOXYCARBONYLNITRENE WITH ETHERS
Authors: Shingaki Tadao , Inagaki Masao , Torimoto Noboru , Takebayashi Matsuji
Published: July 2006

The photolysis of ethyl azidoformate in ethers gave N-alkoxy-urethanes accompanied by ethoxycarbonylaminoethers, insertion products of ethoxycarbonylnitrene into the C–H bonds of ethers. The formation of N-alkoxyurethanes gives a support to a mechanism in which an O–N ylide is included as an intermediate of α-C–H insertion reaction.
OCTAFLUOROACRIDONE
Authors: Hayashi Sei-ichi , Ishikawa Nobuo
Published: July 2006

Octafluoroacridone [6] has been conveniently prepared via the reaction between tetrafluorobenzyne and tetrafluoroanthranilic acid, followed by cyclization of the resulting N-tetrafluorophenyltetrafluoroanthranilic acid. Some derivatives of 6 were also prepared.
NEW ALDOL TYPE REACTION
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Narasaka Koichi , Banno Kazuo
Published: July 2006

In the presence of TiCl4, trimethylsilyl enol ethers of ketones react smoothly with ketones or aldehydes at room temperature to give the aldol type addition products, β-hydroxyketones, in good yields.
REDUCTIVE COUPLING OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS TO PINACOLS AND OLEFINS BY USING TiCl4 AND Zn
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Sato Toshio , Hanna Junichi
Published: July 2006

Aldehydes and ketones were reduced by low valent titanium compound, produced from TiCl4 and Zn, to give the corresponding pinacols and olefins in high yields.
DETERMINATION OF THE CHIRALITY OF ILLUDIN S BY THE BIJVOET X-RAY METHOD
Authors: Furusaki Akio , Shirahama Haruhisa , Matsumoto Takeshi
Published: July 2006

The chirality of illudin S has been unambiguously determined as 1(2′S, 3′R, 6′R) by applying the anomalous dispersion method to isoilludin S triacetate 2.
SOME ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES BASED ON ION ASSOCIATE IMPREGNATED IN PLASTICS MATRIX
Authors: Ishibashi Nobuhiko , Jyo Akinori , Matsumoto Koichiro
Published: July 2006

Perchlorate, thiocyanate, 1-naphthalenesulfonate, hydrogenphthalate and salicylate ion-selective electrodes with polyvinyl chloride membranes containing the ion associate and plasticizer were prepared. The electrodes showed a Nernstian response and had high selectivities for the objective anions in the presence of acetate, bromide or chloride.
LASER PHOTOCHEMISTRY. I. PARTIAL PHOTORESOLUTION OF TRIS(ACETYLACETONATO)CHROMIUM(III) AND RELATED COMPLEXES
Authors: Yoneda Hayami , Nakashima Yoshiaki , Sakaguchi Ushio
Published: July 2006

An argon ion laser has been used to partially phctoresolve tris(acetylacetonato)chromium(III), tris(3-nitroacetylacetonato)chromium(III), and tris(trifluoroacetylacetonato)chromium(III). The optical rotatory dispersion and the circular dichroism spectra of the optically pure enantiomers have been determined in the wavelength range of 400–650 nm.
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS OVER RHODIUM, IRIDIUM AND PLATINUM PROMOTED BY POTASSIUM
Authors: Aika Ken-ichi , Yamaguchi Jutaro , Ozaki Atsumu
Published: July 2006

Rhodium and Iridium on active carbon were found to be highly effective for ammonia synthesis when activated by potassium. Palladium appeared to be hardly activated, while platinum can be activated, by the addition of potassium. A characteristic activity pattern was found for the new catalyst system.
THE STEREOSELECTIVE PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF INDENE AND PHENYL VINYL ETHER TO α-NAPHTHONITRILE
Authors: Pac Chyongjin , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Sugioka Taizo , Sakurai Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

The photoreactions of α-naphthonitrile with indene and phenyl vinyl ether afford 1-cyano-4,5;10,11-dibenzotricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undeca-4,8,10-triene (I) and 1-cyano-8-phenoxy-2,3-benzobicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-diene (IIa) as a single (2 + 2) cycloadduct respectively, which are shown to have an endo-configuration by the consideration of their NMR data.
A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF SULFENYLATED ACTIVE METHYLENE COMPOUNDS USING DIARYL DISULFIDES
Authors: Fujisawa Tamotsu , Hata Kazumi , Kojima Takakazu
Published: July 2006

A novel preparation of sulfenylated active methylene compounds has been investigated by the reaction of diaryl disulfides with active methylene compounds in a basic media. Malonates, acetoacetate, acetylacetone, and malononitrile gave selectively the corresponding monosulfenylated compounds at room temperature. At elevated temperatures, only malononitrile afforded a disulfenylated compound, while reactions with other active methylene compounds resulted in decomposition of the monosulfenylated products.
CONFORMATION OF SEQUENTIAL POLYPEPTIDES OF l-VALINE IN SOLUTION
Authors: Katakai Ryoichi , Toda Fujio , Uno Keikichi , Iwakura Yoshio , Oya Masanao
Published: July 2006

CD study of a number of sequential polypeptides of l-valine with l-alanine and glycine has been done in a mixed solvent system of hexafluoro 2-propanol (HFIP)-trifluoro ethanol (TFE) in order to elucidate the conformation of poly(l-valine) in solution. The results suggested that poly(l-valine) cannot take the α-helical conformation in HFIP-TFE. A new CD pattern was observed on the sequential polypeptide of l-valine with glycine.
CONSTITUENTS OF VITEX ROTUNDIFOLIA L. FIL.
Authors: Asaka Yukihiro , Kamikawa Tadao , Kubota Takashi
Published: July 2006

Rotundifuran and prerotundifuran were isolated and their structures were determined.
MECHANISM FOR THE FORMATION OF α-AMINONITRILES: INTERMEDIACY OF AN IMINE OR A CYANOHYDRIN
Authors: Walia Jasjit S , Bannore Sudhir N , Walia Amrik S , Guillot Larry
Published: July 2006

The reaction of benzaldehyde, 2-aminobenzenecarbothioamide, potassium cyanide, and acetic acid yields tetrahydroquinazolinethione 7 and/or α-aminonitrile 11 under different conditions. These results are used to support the intermediacy of an imine 3 or its immonium ion in the formation of α-aminonitriles 5.
ANODIC OXIDATION OF TRIALKYLBORANES USING GRAPHITE AS THE ANODE. NOVEL REACTION OF ORGANOBORANES PROCEEDING THROUGH A CARBONIUM ION MECHANISM
Authors: Taguchi Toru , Takahashi Yuzuru , Itoh Mitsuomi , Suzuki Akira
Published: July 2006

Trialkylboranes are readily electrolyzed by using graphite as an anode in a sodium perchlorate-methanol solution containing sodium methoxide or a sodium acetate-acetic acid solution to give corresponding alkyl methyl ethers or alkyl acetates in good yields, respectively.
CONSTITUTION AND SYNTHESIS OF NORANHYDROICARITIN AND ISOANHYDROICARITIN
Authors: Jain A C , Gupta R K
Published: July 2006

Kaempferol (1) when reacted with 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butene in the presence of borontrifluoride etherate yielded a mixture of 6,8-di-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) derivative (2), 4″, 5″-dihydro-6″, 6″-dimethyl pyrano (2″,3″ : 7,8)-kaempferol (3) and 8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) derivative (4). The orientation of alkenyl unit in compound 4 has been unambiguously established and then it agrees in direct comparison with natural noranhydroicaritin. 1Complete acetylation of 4, followed by reaction of 5 with one mole of methyl iodide in the presence of dry K2CO3 and acetone afforded 8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-rhamnocitrin triacetate (6) which on deacetylation finally gave natural isoanhydroicaritin 1(7).
THE HYDROLYSIS OF p-NITROPHENYL ACETATE BY POLYMER CATALYSTS CONTAINING HYDROXAMATE AND IMIDAZOLE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Kunitake Toyoki , Okahata Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate by a polymer catalyst containing the hydroxamate and imidazole functions includes the formation of acetyl hydroxamate and its subsequent decomposition assisted by the intramolecular imidazole group. The overall catalytic efficiency is enhanced by the presence of these complementary nucleophilic functions.
REACTIONS OF 9-PHENYLTHIOXANTHENE 10-OXIDE WITH ORGANOMETALLIC REAGENTS
Authors: Hori Mikio , Kataoka Tadashi , Shimizu Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

It was proved that the reaction between 9-phenylthioxanthene 10-oxide (II) and organometallic reagents proceeds through the formation of 9-phenylthioxanthenyl radical. A new method of synthesis of thiaänthracene derivative was found by the reaction of II with aryllithium.
INTERACTION OF THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1) WITH 1,4-DIHYDRONICOTINAMIDE. REDUCTION OF IMINO GROUPS
Authors: Shinkai Seiji , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: July 2006

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) and its analogue, 3-methylbenzothiazolium iodide serve as suitable imine substrates for reduction by 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, and the reduction of the imino group to amine occurs easily at room temperature.
SYNTHESIS OF 10-SUBSTITUTED 9-PHENYLTHIOXANTHENIUM SALTS AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH BASES
Authors: Hori Mikio , Kataoka Tadashi , Shimizu Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

Each of 10-(p-methoxyphenyl)- and 10-(n-propyl)-9-phenylthioxanthenium perchlorates (Ia and Ii) was separated into two geometrical isomers. Their conformations were discussed in some detail. The reactions of 10-substituted 9-phenylthioxanthenium salts with bases were investigated using Ia as a typical substrate. The main product thus obtained was 9-(p-methoxyphenyl)-9-phenylthioxanthene (II). The reaction pathway via intramolecular Stevens-type 1,4-rearrangement is postulated.
THE GENERATION OF LITHIO-TRI-n-BUTYL-(2-CYANOETHYL)TIN. A NEW REAGENT FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBONITRILES AND SPIRO[2.n]ALKANE-1-CARBONITRILES
Authors: Teratake Shuji
Published: July 2006

Tri-n-butyl-(2-cyanoethyl)tin is lithiated effectively and the resultant salt reacts with various carbonyl compounds to give corresponding addition products. Cyanocyclopropane derivatives can be prepared from the addition products through the 1,3-dehalostannylation reaction.
REDUCTION OF BENZOYLCYCLOPROPANE DERIVATIVES WITH SODIUM IN AMMONIA
Authors: Shiota Haruyasu , Ohkata Katsuo , Hanafusa Terukiyo
Published: July 2006

The isomerisation of a cyclopropylmethyl radical into a homoallyl radical is discussed on the basis of the reduction product of the titled compounds along with recent reports.
A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF STYRENE DERIVATIVES BY THE USE OF TiCl4 AND Zn
Authors: Song Suk-zu , Shiono Manzo , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: July 2006

β-Hydroxysulfides, prepared by the reaction of α-lithio benzyl phenyl sulfide with various aldehydes or ketones, gave styrene derivatives in good yields when treated with TiCl4 and Zn.
A PHOTOLYTIC ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF 1,4-DIMETHYL-9-ARYLFLUORENES
Authors: Iwamura Hiizu
Published: July 2006

Photolysis of 2,5-dimethyltriptycene (3) in methanol gives 1,4-dimethyl-9-(2-substituted phenyl)fluorenes 1 and 2 in 89 and 5 % yields, respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of the regioselective formation of intermediate carbene 4. The temperature dependent NMR study gives a rough estimate of ΔGc≠ value for restricted rotation around the C(9)-aryl bond in 2 as 19.4 kcal/mol (104°C).
HALOGENATION OF 2,3-HOMOTROPONE. SYNTHESES OF HALO-SUBSTITUTED 2,3-HOMOTROPONES
Authors: Ito Yoshinobu , Oda Masaji , Kitahara Yoshio
Published: July 2006

Bromination of 2,3-homotropone (1) with molecular bromine gave two dibromides, (3) and (4). Chlorination of (1) with sulfuryl chloride proceeded in a different manner to give four dichlorides, (8), (9), (10), and (11). These dihalides were easily converted into halo-substituted 2,3-homotropones, (6), (7), (12), and (13), on treatment with bases.
SEPARATION OF THE RECOIL PRODUCTS OF INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS OXYACIDS BY CROSS ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Kitaoka Yoshinori
Published: July 2006

An attempt was made to separate the recoil products of phosphorus oxyacids (salts of hypophosphite, phosphite, orthophosphate and pyrophosphate) by a cross electrophoresis using zinc ions. This electrophoresis was found to have a general applicability to the isolation of a trace amount of a proper compound from a given matrix which forms insoluble complexes.
ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION CATALYZED BY BIS(DIMETHYLGLYOXIMATO)COBALT(II)- ACHIRAL BASE COMPLEX AND CHIRAL AMINOALCOHOL CONJUGATED SYSTEMS. AN OXIDO-REDUCTASE MODEL WITH ENANTIOSELECTIVITY
Authors: Ohgo Yoshiaki , Natori Yukikazu , Takeuchi Seiji , Yoshimura Juji
Published: July 2006

A new effective catalyst-system for asymmetric hydrogenation was found, which resembles oxido-reductases in functions. The effects of protonated chiral base in this system made possible to present the mechanism of this catalytic hydrogenation and the enantioselection. The optical yield of benzoin at −10°C reached 78%.
A NEW METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OP HYDROPEROXIDES
Authors: Tanaka Kyugo , Imamura Juichi
Published: July 2006

A new method of synthesizing hydroperoxides with high selectivities from such hydrocarbons as cyclohexane, p-xylene, ethylbenzene and cumene is described.