bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does digital dermatitis cause hoof conformation changes in its early clinical stage?
Authors: Gomez A. , Cook N. , Cooley K. , Dumbar K. , Rieman J. , Dopfer D.
Published: February 2023

It is well described how hoof conformation in dairy cattle changes over time because of variation in physiology or production systems. Decreased production and well-being associated with hoof overgrowth has caused a whole hoof-trimming industry to be built, with the objective of reestablishing the optimal balance and claw angle and preventing lameness. The feet of cows with severe clinical digital dermatitis (DD) undergo dramatic transformation that is easily recognizable. It is not uncommon to observe "square feet" on cattle with DD, where the heel has overgrown such that the animal alters its gait and wears down the toe, which decreases the dorsal length of the claw, sometimes to the same length as the heel. Consequently, cattle become painful and lame not only from the ulcerated DD lesion, but also from the extra wear and trauma of the toe or the white line area. Changes in hoof conformation during the early or less severe stages of DD have not been described. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in hoof conformation caused by early clinical DD lesions.
Performance of an IDEXX Bovine Pregnancy Test adapted for visual-read results and designed for in-clinic use
Authors: Rice A. M. , Fabbricante M. J. , Koller S. I. , Lemieux L. , Welles P.
Published: February 2023

While bovine pregnancy diagnosis today is predominately done by palpation and ultrasound, blood testing for pregnancy is growing in popularity as producers and veterinarians identify ways to incorporate it into their practices. Many veterinary clinics that are interested in adopting blood testing, however, find the up-front investment in instrumentation required for an ELISA setup to be cost-prohibitive. To address this need, IDEXX is developing a pregnancy test designed for veterinary clinics that does not require ELISA instrumentation. The plate ELISA is washed manually with a wash bottle and read visually; pregnant samples appear blue, while open samples have no color. This technological advance enables veterinarians to offer cost-effective blood-based pregnancy testing in addition to the palpation and ultrasound services they already provide.
Does modified-live viral vaccine administration to heifers or cows lack substantial risk?
Authors: Givens M. Daniel , Newcomer Benjamin W.
Published: February 2023

Modified-live viral (MLV) vaccines are an important tool to limit reproductive loss subsequent to infection from bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1, but are not without risk. Therefore, their utilization must be undertaken with an understanding of the inherent risks of the vaccines and their administration. These risks include the potential causation of undue harm and lack of effective immunization. Consequently, vaccine programs should be designed to minimize the risks while maintaining or maximizing potential benefits of vaccination. The risk of viral transmission from vaccinated calves to naive cows is low but not absent. Therefore, cows and heifers should be effectively immunized prior to gestation, ideally at least 30 days before breeding. Additionally, revaccination of pregnant cows previously vaccinated with the same MLV vaccine carries a low but detectable risk of adverse reproductive consequences. Understanding the level of risk associated with the vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 will aid in the optimization of vaccination protocols. Proper timing of MLV vaccine administration can maximize protection against reproductive viral pathogens while minimizing the potential for the development of adverse consequences subsequent to vaccination.
Small ruminant ophthalmology
Authors: Smith Mary C.
Published: February 2023

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye) is a common problem in sheep and goats. Several etiologies as well as diagnostic techniques, treatment, and control are considered. Entropion is an important differential diagnosis, especially in young animals with eye irritation, and several inexpensive treatment methods are described. Additionally, causes of exophthalmosis, important causes of central blindness, and field enucleation are presented.
Development of a newborn calf vigor scoring system
Authors: Murray-Kerr, C. F. , Leslie K. E. , Godden S. M. , Knauer W. A. , McGuirk S. M.
Published: February 2023

Dystocia is a significant issue in Holstein cattle. Injury, pain, inflammation, acidosis, and low overall vitality are common effects seen in calves that survive. In humans, a standard vigor scoring system has been used for over 60 years. This score is based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (Apgar Score). A validated method of assessment of newborn calf vitality has not been developed. Also, pain management in newborn calves after dystocia is not often addressed by veterinarians or producers. It was the overall objective of this research to identify the various effects of calving difficulty on newborn dairy calves, and to relate these effects to easily measurable signs of reduced vigor. These signs were quantified into a VIGOR Scoring System. Also, methods to reduce pain, inflammation, and acidosis resulting from dystocia were investigated.
Influence of producers’ attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control for practicing prudent use of antimicrobials on New York dairy farms
Authors: Vasquez Amy , Foditsch Carla , Duliepre Stephie-Anne , Siler Julie , Just David , Warnick Lorin , Nydam Daryl , Sok Jaap
Published: February 2023

Targeted communication concerning the judicious use of antimicrobials is vital to address public health concerns such as residues and resistance. Understanding dairy farmers’ behavior, motivations, and barriers toward antimicrobial use can influence how veterinarians translate research into practice and guide effective ways of implementing protocols. A multidisciplinary team investigated behavioral tendencies toward antimicrobial use by administering a survey modeled with the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA). The RAA is a framework from social psychology containing the constructs attitude (A), perceived norms (PN), and perceived behavioral control (perception of the ease or difficulty of a behavior; PBC), and is used in combination with structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine what drives intentions (I). The objective of the survey was to provide direct and indirect measures of these constructs to determine importance of and associations with intention to use antimicrobials prudently.
Failure of a novel surface polysaccharide targeting vaccine to prevent Tritrichomonas foetus infection in beef cattle
Authors: Hairgrove T. B. , Thompson J. A. , Rocha J. N. , Vinacur M. , Roberts C. , Pier G. B. , Cywes-Bentley C.
Published: February 2023

Tritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus) is the causative agent of bovine trichomoniasis that has a major impact on production costs for beef cattle farmers. Immunization strategies to effectively protect against T. foetus are a high priority. T. foetus expresses a surface polysaccharide, beta 1-6 poly-Nacetyl glucosamine (PNAG). A PNAG-specific vaccine has demonstrated protection in pigs and horses. This study attempted to protect pregnant cows from an experimental T. foetus infection by prior vaccination with a PNAG-specific vaccine.
THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY, 2020: CHANGES IN THE LIGHT OF NPE 1986
Authors:   Research Scholar (M.Phil.)Department of Education, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India., Mondal Deepika
Published: February 2023

The World is constantly changing, this change is natural and science & technological. Science and technology are progressing at a very fast pace, for example- artificial intelligence, machine learning, ICT, etc. The National Education Policy (NEP),2020 has been reformed keeping in mind all changes and building an Education framework that can strengthen economic and social indicators. The NEP 2020, provides high quality, equity, and integrity of the education system from pre-primary to higher education. This policy ensures to development of the students creative potential, skill, and critical and analytical thinking. The policy also states that every institution should provide effective necessary infrastructure so that students can easily access them. The purpose of this study was to analyze NEP 2020 and find out the changes, andcompare the changes of NEP 2020 concerning NPE 1986. It is qualitative and documentary research. The researcher has collected all the data from various websites and previous research papers. After analyzing all the data, the researcher found several changes in this policy with a previous policy like structural change (5+3+3+2), the curriculum must be progressive and non- adjectival, reduce the curriculum burden on students and introduce the inter-disciplinary subject, redesigned class 10 and 12 board exam, board exam will be held on class 3, 5, 8, 10 and 12. The evaluation system will be continuous and competence-based.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AND SUCCESSFUL SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTROCHISIS: CASE REPORT
Authors:   Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Mohamed IV University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco., Ousti A. , Lamzouri O. ,   Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Mohamed IV University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco., Taheri H. ,   Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Mohamed IV University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco., Saadi H. ,   Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Mohamed IV University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco., Mimouni A. ,   Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Mohamed IV University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco.
Published: February 2023

Due to routine maternal serum screening and fetal ultrasonography, gastrochisis is routinely found in utero, we report a case of gastrochisis diagnosed prenatally, the delivery was made by C-section and the patient was operated at day 1 of life with good outcome The surgical treatment of gastroschisis differs from hospital to hospital and has changed over the years, especially since the spring-loaded silo was invented. Every surgical repair has as its main objective the return of the viscera to the abdominal cavity while reducing the chance that the viscera would sustain harm from direct trauma or increased intra-abdominal pressure.Gatrochisis is remains a rare condition that be closed spontanouesly during the pregnancy and that can prevented by acid folic supplementation.
İğde Çekirdeklerinden Elde Edilen Biyokömür Kullanılarak Sulu Çözeltiden Kristal Viyole Boyarmaddesinin Uzaklaştırılması
Authors: BAYRAM Okan , MORAL Emel , GÖDE Fethiye
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmada iğde çekirdeklerinden (elaeagnus angustifolia L.) elde edilen biyökömür (EAL) ile katyonik bir boya olan ve endüstride yaygın olarak kullanılan kristal viyole (KRV) boyarmaddesinin sulu çözeltiden giderimi farklı parametreler ile yapılmıştır. Sıcaklık, konsantrasyon, adsorban miktarı, pH ve zaman değişimleri sonucu elde edilen adsorpsiyon değerleri, denge izotermleri, termodinamik ve kinetik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Çalkalamalı/kesikli adsorpsiyon metoduna göre sıcaklık, pH, zaman, adsorban miktarı ve konsantrasyon parametrelerinin EAL-KRV adsorpsiyonu üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan EAL-KRV için maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi qmaks=10.537 mg/g bulunmuştur. Prosesin yalancı-ikinci-derece üzerinden ilerlediği, endotermik olduğu ve prosesin Langmuir adsorpsiyon izotermine uyduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen negatif ΔG° değerleri, prosesin kendiliğinden, istemli olarak gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. EAL, literatürde KRV giderimi için kullanılan benzer adsorbanlarla birlikte değerlendirildiğinde EAL’nin maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi değeri bazı çalışmalara yakın bulunmuştur. Tüm sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde EAL'nin sulu çözeltilerden KRV boyarmaddesinin gideriminde kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Decreasing diarrhea cases through on-site sodium hypochlorite production in Madagascar
Authors: Duvernay Pierre-Gilles , Campos Nogueira Renata , Pittet Lucas , Razafimahatratra Stanislas , Poulet Michel , Veuthey Justin , Dadare Anatole , Boutouhely Alfred
Published: February 2023

Schools from Sainte-Marie Island, off the east coast of Madagascar, participated in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs. We report an association between the program, the sustainable access to water treatment (WT) in 20 schools, and the impact on diarrhea incidence in the region. We performed a quasi-experimental longitudinal study on the program's sustainability by accessing the continuation of point-of-use (POU) water chlorination, safe water storage (SWS), and handwashing practices on the diarrhea cases of children. Patient files from 10 health centers near the schools were consulted. Sodium hypochlorite was locally produced by the students for WT and the program's sustainability was accessed between 2016 and 2021. After the intervention, 40% of water sources were entirely replaced and 60% received improvements. A student's water club, guided by teachers, was responsible for all activities related to WT. The health centers around the schools participating in the program saw diarrhea cases drop by 58% between 2018 and 2021. There appears to be an association between a decrease in diarrhea cases and the program's implementation. The strategy used can be replicated. Nevertheless, the program's success is multifactorial, depending on community engagement, adapted technology, funding, and governmental support to ensure sustainability.
Household drinking water treatment in rural Indonesia: actual practice, determinants, and drinking water quality
Authors: Daniel D. , Qaimamunazzala Hayu , Siantoro Ayu , Sirait Mita , Tanaboleng Yohanes B. , Padmawati Retna Siwi
Published: February 2023

Household water treatment (HWT) is a solution for households that do not have access to a safe drinking water supply. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ende District, Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), Indonesia. A total of 425 household respondents were interviewed and observed about the HWT practice and water storage condition and 143 household drinking water samples were collected for microbial water quality analysis. Results show that even though HWT is regularly performed, not all the water they drink has been treated. The ‘level’ of psychological factors risk, attitude, norms, ability, and self-regulation (RANAS) were high, indicating that regular HWT practice goes in hand with the underlying psychological factors. Psychological factor action planning was the most influential psychological sub-factor associated related with the frequency of drinking treated water. Drinking water is mostly stored in safe storage, but placed in a less hygienic surrounding environment. Though HWT results in better water quality, water quality was not significantly associated with HWT, drinking water handling, or storage. Finally, promoting always drinking treated water and then storing it in a safe and hygienic environment are still needed in areas where HWT is commonly practiced, so people can get the maximum health impact of HWT.
Pharmacokinetics of Novel Oral Cyclic Peptide
Authors: Li Zhizong , Lin Xianguang , Chen Hengling , Chen Su , Li Chenhong
Published: February 2023

Protein and peptide drugs have been considered to be valuable for treating disease for many
years, capturing more and more of the attention of researchers. Previously, we found a short peptide
from the porcine intestine named COX52-69, which could simultaneously lower blood glucose and
insulin response after intraperitoneal injection. And thus, it showed a potential to counter type II
diabetes without leading to insulin resistance, mainly caused by high insulin levels in the blood.
However, this molecule is not stable in the digestive system and cannot be used via oral
administration. Here we employed the circularization technique to modify the peptide and tested its
pharmacokinetics.
Progress in the Preparation and Application of Arylsilane
Authors: Liu Jun , Peng Jiajian , Bai Ying , Li Jiayun , Song Zijie , Liu Peng , Ouyang Ting , Lan Huilin , Huang Yichen
Published: February 2023

Arylsilanes are the basic raw material for the synthesis of advanced silicone new
materials such as phenylsilicone resin, phenylsilicone oil and phenyl silicone rubber, etc. The
silicone polymers containing aryl groups were applied widely in the fields including electronics,
and aerospace. In the past decades, arylsilanes have been widely used in organic synthesis,
such as Hiyama coupling, C-N bond formation, synthesis of biaryl, polyketone polymer, and
so on. Therefore, synthetic research on arylsilanes has also received wide attention. In this
paper, the research progress of the synthesis and applications of arylsilanes in the past decades
has been reviewed.
Advances in Nanogel as Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapeutics:
An Overview
Authors: Rajput Devyani , Singh Mandeep , Sahu Prashant , Jain Dharmendra , Kashaw Sushil Kumar , Patil Umesh Kumar
Published: February 2023

Nanogels have gotten much attention as nanoscopic drug carriers, especially for delivering
bioactive mediators to specific sites or at certain times. The versatility of polymer systems and the
ease with which their physicochemical properties can be changed have resulted in versatile nano gel
formulations. Nanogels offer exceptional stability, drug-loading capacity, biological consistency,
strong penetration ability, and the ability to respond to environmental stimuli. Nanogels have shown
great promise in various sectors, including gene delivery, chemotherapeutic medication delivery, diagnostics,
organ targeting, and many more. This review focuses on various types of nanogels, preparation
methods, including drug loading methods, various modes of biodegradation mechanisms, and
primary mechanisms of drug release from nanogels. The article also focuses on the historical data for
herb-related nanogels that are used to treat various disorders with great patient compliance, delivery
rate, and efficacy.
mRNA Vaccine - A New Cancer Treatment Strategy
Authors: Tan Tian , Deng Shu-Ting , Wu Bing-Huo , Yang Qi , Wu Meng-Wan , Wu Hong , Cao Chen-Hui , Xu Chuan
Published: February 2023

The corresponding mRNA vaccines Comirnaty (BNT162b2) and Spikevax (mRNA-1273) have been authorized for emergency use since the COVID-19 outbreak. Most clinical researches have also discovered that the mRNA vaccine is a revolutionary strategy for preventing and treating numer-ous diseases, including cancers. Unlike viral vectors or DNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines cause the body to directly produce proteins following injection. Delivery vectors and mRNAs that encode tumor antigens or immunomodulatory molecules work together to trigger an anti-tumor response. Before mRNA vaccines may be employed in clinical trials, a number of challenges need to be resolved. These include establishing effective and safe delivery systems, generating successful mRNA vaccines against diverse types of cancers, and proposing improved combination therapy. Therefore, we need to improve vaccine-specific recognition and develop mRNA delivery mechanisms. This review summa-rizes the complete mRNA vaccines’ elemental composition and discusses recent research progress and future direction for mRNA tumor vaccines.
Computational Studies Applied to Linalool and Citronellal Derivatives
Against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disorders: A Review with Experimental
Approach
Authors: da Silva Pablo Rayff , de Andrade Jéssica Cabral , de Sousa Natália Ferreira , Ribeiro Portela Anne Caroline , Oliveira Pires Hugo Fernandes , Bezerra Remígio Maria Caroline Rodrigues , Alves Danielle da Nóbrega , de Andrade Humberto Hugo Nunes , Dias Arthur Lins , da Silva Stiebbe Salvadori Mirian Graciela , de Oliveira Golzio Adriana Maria Fernandes , de Castro Ricardo Dias , Scotti Marcus T. , Bezerra Felipe Cícero Francisco , de Almeida Reinaldo Nóbrega , Scotti Luciana
Published: February 2023

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are neurodegenerative disorders that affect a great number of
people around the world, seriously compromising the quality of life of individuals, due to motor and
cognitive damage. In these diseases, pharmacological treatment is used only to alleviate symptoms.
This emphasizes the need to discover alternative molecules for use in prevention. Using Molecular
Docking, this review aimed to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer’s and anti-Parkinson’s activity of linalool
and citronellal, as well as their derivatives. Before performing Molecular Docking simulations, the
compounds’ pharmacokinetic characteristics were evaluated. For Molecular Docking, 7 chemical
compounds derived from citronellal, and 10 compounds derived from linalool, and molecular targets
involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's pathophysiology were selected. According to the Lipinski
rules, the compounds under study presented good oral absorption and bioavailability. For toxicity, some
tissue irritability was observed. For Parkinson-related targets, the citronellal and linalool derived compounds
revealed excellent energetic affinity for α-Synuclein, Adenosine Receptors, Monoamine Oxidase
(MAO), and Dopamine D1 receptor proteins. For Alzheimer disease targets, only linalool and its derivatives
presented promise against BACE enzyme activity. The compounds studied presented high probability
of modulatory activity against the disease targets under study, and are potential candidates for
future drugs.

Methodology:

Before performing Molecular Docking simulations, the compounds’ pharmacokinetic
characteristics were evaluated. For Molecular Docking, 7 chemical compounds derived from citron-
ellal, and 10 compounds derived from linalool, and molecular targets involved in Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's pathophysiology were selected.

Results:

According to the Lipinski rules, the compounds under study presented good oral absorption and bioavailability. For toxicity, some tissue irritability was observed. For Parkinson-related targets, the citronellal and linalool derived compounds revealed excellent energetic affinity for α-Synuclein, Adenosine Receptors, Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), and Dopamine D1 receptor proteins. For Alzheimer disease targets, only linalool and its derivatives presented promise against BACE enzyme activity.

Conclusion:

The compounds studied presented high probability of modulatory activity against the dis-
ease targets under study, and are potential candidates for future drugs.
Phenol Derivatives With Antiviral Activities from the Arctic Fungus Phoma
muscivora CPCC 401424
Authors: Tang Yan , Wang Jing , Guo Zhe , Gu Guowei , Zhang Tao , Cen Shan , Yu Liyan , Dai Shengjun , Zhang Dewu
Published: February 2023

A new phenol derivative, 3-butyryl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl acetate (1) and
seven known phenol analogs (2-8) have been isolated from Arctic fungus Phoma muscivora CPCC
401424. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses (HRMS,
NMR, and IR), and comparison with reported data. All compounds were obtained from Phoma muscivora
CPCC 401424 for the first time. Compounds 1 and 5 displayed excellent anti-influenza A virus
activities with IC50 values of 2.20 and 2.17 μM, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 7 showed moderate
cytotoxic activities against Hela and H460 cancer cell lines.
The Preparation of Zr-containing Coordination Polymer as an Efficient
Catalyst for Alkylation of Amines and Alcohols
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Yang Chen , Duan Zheng-Chao
Published: February 2023

A coordination polymer Zr-CIA was developed and employed as a stable and effective catalyst
for the alkylation of amines with alcohols or benzyl amines. The Zr-CIA as a new coordination
polymer was prepared from 1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid and ZrCl4 through a
simple and effective solvothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared
(FT-IR), nitrogen adsorption-desorption and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). The polymer
exhibited not only high catalytic activity for the alkylation reaction, but also good reusability in more
than five cycles. Meanwhile, mechanistic investigations were carried out to study these reactions.
P-EKKE Alleviates Myocardial Infarction (MI) in MI Rats by Inhibiting
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway-mediated Inflammation and Inhibiting
α-actin Mediated Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Song Guixian , Ruan Zhongbao , Wang Ruzhu , Ren Yin , Zhu Li , Shen Yahui , Wang Bin
Published: February 2023

Background:

Myocardial infarction (MI) is an ischemic heart disorder that causes apoptosis or
necrosis of myocardial cells.

Objective:

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of P-EKKE on myocardial infarction and explore the
associated mechanisms in MI rats.

Methods:

The MI in rats was established by ligating the left coronary artery of rats; the rats were divided
into the MI group (without treatment) and the P-EKKE group (treated with P-EKKE). Normal rats were
assigned to the NC group (without treatment) and the sham group (under LAD without ligation). Cardiac
function was evaluated using echocardiography. The MI area was measured with TTC staining. Histological
analysis was performed to evaluate inflammation (HE staining) and myocardial fibrosis (Masson and
immunofluorescence staining). RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine Gli-1/SHH expression
in myocardial tissues.

Results:

P-EKKE clearly improved the cardiac function of MI rats. The area of myocardial infarction in
MI rats undergoing P-EKKE treatment (P-EKKE group) was found to be predominantly decreased compared
to MI rats without treatment (p < 0.05). P-EKKE treatment clearly inhibited apoptosis and increased
H3S10ph expression in the area of myocardial infarction of MI rats compared to MI rats without
treatment (p < 0.05). P-EKKE treatment significantly alleviated inflammation and decreased myocardial
fibrosis in the area of myocardial infarction in MI rats compared to MI rats without treatment (p < 0.05).
P-EKKE significantly increased the expression of Gil-1 and SHH in myocardial infarction of MI rats
compared to MI rats without treatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

P-EKKE inhibited myocardial infarction and played an anti-inflammatory and myocardial
protective role in MI rats. P-EKKE inhibited myocardial inflammation by activating the hedgehog signaling
pathway and inhibited myocardial fibrosis by decreasing α-actin expression.
Study on the Specific Expression of Infrared Radiation Temperature on
the Body Surface of Acupoint in Rats with Chronic Myocardial Ischemic
Injury
Authors: Xiong Jian , Li Xiang , Fu Hongjuan , Luo Xinye , Li Xiao , Ren Yanrong , Liu Xueying , Zheng Qianhua , Qi Wenchuan , Liang Fanrong
Published: February 2023

Background:

Infrared thermal imaging technology was used to observe the changes in infrared
radiation temperature at acupoints in rats caused by chronic myocardial ischemia injury.

Objective:

This study aims to compare the difference of body surface infrared radiation temperature
information of three groups of acupoints: bilateral Neiguan (PC6), bilateral Yanglingquan (GB33), and
bilateral Sham Acupoints (SA) in the pathological state of myocardial ischemia injury, and to explore
the relationship between acupoints and viscera state.

Methods:

SPF adult Wistar male rats (n = 20) were randomly divided into a control (CTL; n = 10) and
an isoproterenol group (ISO; n = 10). Chronic myocardial injury was induced in rats by subcutaneous
injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride for 14 d. On the second day after the establishment of the
model, the serum levels of cardiac troponin (cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) were
measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The morphological changes of the myocardial
tissue in the two groups were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and their pathological
scores were evaluated, which was then used to determine the myocardial ischemic injury. Two days
before and after the establishment of the model, the electrocardiograms (ECG) of the two groups of
rats were recorded by the (ECG) data acquisition system, and the infrared thermal imaging platform
was used to detect the temperature of the six acupoints.

Results:

1. After subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride for 14 days, the ST segment of
the ECG decreased in the ISO group compared with that of the CTL group; 2. Myocardial tissue injury
was serious in the ISO group compared to the CTL group; 3. Serum cTn-I and CK-MB were significantly
increased (P <0 01) in the ISO group, compared to that in the CTL group; 4. The infrared radiation
temperature on the body surface of bilateral Neiguan (PC6) acupoints decreased significantly in
the ISO group, compared to that of the CTL group.

Conclusion:

Infrared thermal imaging technology can be used to detect the changes in the energy state
of acupoints. Chronic myocardial ischemic injury can cause a decrease in IR temperature on the body
surface of bilateral Neiguan (PC6) acupoints, suggesting that visceral diseases can lead to changes in
the energy metabolism of acupoints.
DDR1-Induced Paracrine Factors of Hepatocytes Promote HSC Activation and
Fibrosis Development
Authors: Meng Ying , Zhao Tong , Han Tiyun , Chen Huilin , Zhang Zhengyi , Zhang Dekui
Published: February 2023

Background::

This study investigated the role and potential mechanisms of Discoidin domain receptors-1 (DDR1) during liver fibrogenesis.

Methods::

Blood and livers were collected from mice. In the in vitro experiments, human normal hepatocyte (LO2 cell line) and human hepatoma cells
(HepG2 cell line) with overexpressed DDR1 (DDR1-OE) or DDR1 knockdown (DDR1-KD) were constructed by transfecting the corresponding
lentivirus. Human hepatic stellate cells (LX2 cell line) were incubated with a conditioned medium (CM) of the above stable transfected cells
treated with collagen. The cells and supernatants were collected for molecular and biochemical analyses.

Results::

DDR1 expression was increased in hepatocytes from carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced fibrotic livers compared to normal livers in wild-type
(WT) mice. Liver fibrosis was relieved, and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation was decreased in CCL4-treated DDR1 knockout (DDR1-KO)
mice compared with CCL4-treated WT mice. LX2 cells cultured in CM of LO2 DDR1-OE cells revealed increased α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)
and type I collagen (COL1) expressions and cell proliferation. Meanwhile, cell proliferation and the expression levels of αSMA and COL1 in LX2
cells cultured in CM of HepG2 DDR1-KD cells were decreased. Moreover, IL6, TNFα, and TGFβ1 in CM of DDR1-OE cells appeared to promote
LX2 cell activation and proliferation, regulated by NF-κB and Akt pathways.

Conclusion::

These results indicated that DDR1 in hepatocytes promoted HSC activation and proliferation and that paracrine factors IL6, TNFα, and TGFβ1
induced by DDR1 through activating NF-κB and Akt pathways may be the underlying mechanisms. Our study suggests that collagen-receptor
DDR1 may be a potential therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis.
Proniosomes for Oral Delivery of Aceclofenac: Impact of Paddle Versus Dialysis Methods on In vitro-in vivo Correlation (IVIVC) Predictions
Authors: Sammour Rana Mhd Farid , Almurisi Samah Hamed , Taher Muhammad , Shahiwala Aliasgar
Published: February 2023

Background:

This study aims to assess the suitability of in vitro drug release methods, dialysis and paddle methods for predicting in vivo behaviour of Aceclofenac (ACE) proniosomes.

Methods:

ACE proniosomes are prepared using different carriers: glucose, maltodextrin and manni-tol by the slurry method. The release studies of ACE proniosomes formulations were performed us-ing the paddle, and dialysis methods while in vivo studies were performed in albino rats. Graphical presentation, model-dependent and model-independent approaches were applied to compare two dissolution methods.

Results:

More than 70% of the drug was released from ACE proniosomes over 60 min by paddle method while not more than 5% was released in the same period by dialysis method. The paddle method provides a reproducible and faster release, whereas poor drug release occurred with the di-alysis method. For the paddle method, lower values of similarity factor (f2) and greater differences in the dissolution efficiency (DE) amongst different formulations and in comparison, to that of the pure drug indicates that it is a more discriminative method compared to dialysis. The paddle method also illustrated high regression coefficients (r2) of 0.81, 0.998 and 0.975 for FN1, FN2, and FN3, respectively for level A IVIVC, while poor or no relation (r2 < 0.1) was detected in the case of dialy-sis method.

Conclusion:

Based on the results, the paddle method is concluded to be the more suitable method compared to the dialysis method for in vitro drug release studies of a novel dosage form such as proniosomes.
An Improved Informer Network for Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting
Authors: Fan Xingrui , Li Yuancheng
Published: February 2023

Background:

Electric load forecasting plays an essential role in the dispatching operation
of power systems. It can be divided into long-term, medium-term, and short-term according to the
forecast time. Accurate short-term electric forecasting helps the system operate safely and reliably,
reduces resource waste, and improves economic efficiency.

Objective:

To fully use the time-series characteristics in load data and improve the accuracy of
short-term electric load forecasting, we propose an improved Informer model called Nysformer.

Methods:

Firstly, the input of data is improved, and the information is input into the model in the
form of difference. Then, the Nystrom self-attention mechanism was proposed, approximating the
standard self-attention mechanism using an approximation with O(n) time complexity and memory
utilization.

Results:

We conducted experiments on a publicly available dataset, and the results show that the
proposed Nysformer model has lower time complexity and higher accuracy than the standard Informer
model.

Conclusion:

An improved informer network is proposed for short-term electric load forecasting,
and the experimental results demonstrate the proposed model Nysformer can improve the accuracy
of short-term electric load forecasting.
Method for considering the process chain in the design process of clinched components
Authors: Martin S.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. To ensure a high quality design of joined components, it is essential to consider the joining process chain since deviations in the process chain can lead to failure of the component. Since eliminating the cause of process deviations can be very cost-intensive, it is desirable to ensure component and joining safety by making small changes. A method to regain all safety factors after a change in the process chain by making minor adjustments in the joining process and the design is presented here. The method is demonstrated on a clinched component consisting of a U-profile and a strike sheet.
High speed impact cutting of continuous fiber reinforced thermoset plastics
Authors: Dietrich F.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Endless fiber-reinforced plastics are being used to an increasing extent as alternative materials for highly stressed or lightweight components instead of metallic materials. In order to achieve the geometric requirements, peripheral machining of the raw parts is necessary. Instead of the currently mainly used cutting processes, which are not suitable for clocked production, high-speed impact cutting (HSIC) was examined in the presented experiments. This technology is known as adiabatic cutting from the processing of metallic materials. Due to the high process energy which is released in a very short time resulting in high punch speed, the prevailing separation mechanism changes. Instead of bending the fibers due to the shear force the high-speed cutting experiments with a punch speed of 10 m/s lead to a brittle shearing of the glass fibers and a locally very limited heating and hence softening of the matrix material resulting in a clean surface of the cut specimen. The inter fiber breakage, meaning the separation between fibers and matrix called delamination, can be avoided or at least be sealed at the surface due to heat induced smearing of the matrix material. The resulting surface quality of the cutting edge is exceptionally good. However, the technically necessary cutting clearance leads to a jump in diameter within the cut surface.
Revisiting image-based quality evaluation of laser cut edges
Authors: Kardan M.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The optimization of laser cutting process parameters relies on productivity and obtained edge quality. Whereas maximizing cutting speed is a default procedure to increase the process performance, quality assessment of a cut edge is a non-trivial task. Both contact-based and image-based approaches can be used to quantify the quality of a cut surface. Since contact-based techniques are time-consuming and typically require expert knowledge, the development of simple and fast image-based approaches could improve the performance of sheet metal workshops. Due to the numerous quality characteristics that have to be considered, a significant challenge remains to establish a versatile approach for image-based quality evaluation. Within this paper, the quality assessment of laser cut edges by means of image processing techniques is analyzed. Additionally, the potential for employing visual evaluation to assess all quality indicators in a comprehensive measuring strategy is explored. Finally, the role of the presented approaches in shifting toward intelligent manufacturing is briefly discussed.
Effect of process variables on interface friction characteristics in strip drawing of AA5182 alloy in warm forming temperature range
Authors: Shrivastava A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Warm forming is widely used to enhance formability of aluminum alloy sheets in order to manufacture components with complex shapes. However, forming of aluminum alloy sheets by various sheet metal forming processes such as deep drawing and stretch forming involves sliding, drawing or stretching of sheet materials over the tool surfaces. Warm forming results in change of frictional characteristics at the tool-blank interface during forming. Higher friction leads to poor formability, non-uniform strain distribution, higher forming load, and poor surface finish of the component. So it is important to investigate the effect of process variables on friction at the interface in warm forming of aluminum alloy sheets. In this work, the tribological behavior of an Al-Mg-Mn alloy (AA5182) has been studied by performing strip drawing experiments in the warm forming temperature range (100-250 °C) in lubricated condition. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature, normal force, and drawing speed on the coefficient of friction. A significant impact on the friction coefficient is observed by the change in boundary conditions as a result of variation in process variables with temperature being the most influential. The results have been compared with frictional characteristics in strip drawing at ambient temperature.
Categorization and Analysis of Primary Care mHealth Apps Related to Breast Health and Breast Cancer: Systematic Search in App Stores and Content Analysis
Authors: Kanodia Sweekrity , Thalabard Jean Christophe , Lhoste Kevin
Published: February 2023

Background

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality among women globally. The use of mobile health tools such as apps and games is increasing rapidly, even in low- and middle-income countries, to promote early diagnosis and to manage care and support of survivors and patients.

Objective

The primary objective of this review was to categorize selected mobile health apps related to breast health and prevention of breast cancer, based on features such as breast self-examination (BSE) training and reminders, and to analyze their current dissemination. An ancillary objective was to highlight the limitations of existing tools and suggest ways to improve them.

Methods

We defined strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, which required apps to have titles or descriptions that suggest that they were designed for the general public, and not for patients with breast cancer or health workers. Apps that focused on awareness and primary care via self-check were included, while those that focused on topics such as alternative treatments and medical news were excluded. Apps that were not specifically related to breast cancer were also excluded. Apps (in any language) that appeared in the search with keywords were included. The database consisted of apps from AppAgg and Google Play Store. Only 85 apps met the inclusion criteria. Selected apps were categorized on the basis of their alleged interactive features. Descriptive statistics were obtained, and available language options, the number of downloads, and the cost of the apps were the main parameters reviewed.

Results

The selected apps were categorized on the basis of the following features: education, BSE training, reminders, and recording. Of the 85 selected apps, 72 (84.7%) focused on disseminating breast cancer information. BSE training was provided by only 47% (n=40) of the apps, and very few had reminder (n=26, 30.5%) and recording (n=11, 12.9%) features. The median number of downloads was the highest for apps with recording features (>1000 downloads) than those with education, BSE training, reminder, and recording features (>5000 downloads). Most of these apps (n=74, 83.5%) were monolingual, and around 80.3% (n=49) of these apps were in English. Almost all the apps on Google Play Store were free of charge.

Conclusions

Although there exist several apps on Google Play Store to promote awareness about breast health and cancer, the usefulness of most of them appears debatable. To provide a complete breast health package to the users, such apps must have all of the following features: reminders or notifications and symptom recording and tracking. There is still an urgent need to scientifically evaluate existing apps in the target populations in order to make them more functional and user-friendly.
Attitudes of Swedish Language Twitter Users Toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Beirakdar Safwat , Klingborg Leon , Herzig van Wees Sibylle
Published: February 2023

Background

Social media have played an important role in shaping COVID-19 vaccine choices during the pandemic. Understanding people’s attitudes toward the vaccine as expressed on social media can help address the concerns of vaccine-hesitant individuals.

Objective

The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes of Swedish-speaking Twitter users toward COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods

This was an exploratory qualitative study that used a social media–listening approach. Between January and March 2022, a total of 2877 publicly available tweets in Swedish were systematically extracted from Twitter. A deductive thematic analysis was conducted using the World Health Organization’s 3C model (confidence, complacency, and convenience).

Results

Confidence in the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine appeared to be a major concern expressed on Twitter. Unclear governmental strategies in managing the pandemic in Sweden and the belief in conspiracy theories have further influenced negative attitudes toward vaccines. Complacency—the perceived risk of COVID-19 was low and booster vaccination was unnecessary; many expressed trust in natural immunity. Convenience—in terms of accessing the right information and the vaccine—highlighted a knowledge gap about the benefits and necessity of the vaccine, as well as complaints about the quality of vaccination services.

Conclusions

Swedish-speaking Twitter users in this study had negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, particularly booster vaccines. We identified attitudes toward vaccines and misinformation, indicating that social media monitoring can help policy makers respond by developing proactive health communication interventions.
Community-Level Social Support to Mitigate the Impact of Combined Frailty and Multimorbidity on Psychological Distress Among Rural Chinese Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multilevel Modeling Study
Authors: Wang Yi , Fu Peipei , Li Jie , Gao Tingting , Jing Zhengyue , Wang Qiong , Zhao Dan , Zhou Chengchao
Published: February 2023

Background

Accumulating research provides evidence that the psychological health of older people deteriorated from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike robust individuals, coexisting frailty and multimorbidity expose older adults to more complicated and wide-ranging stressors. Community-level social support (CSS) is also an important impetus for age-friendly interventions, and it is 1 of the components of social capital that is seen as an ecological-level property. To date, we have not found research that examines whether CSS buffered the adverse impacts of combined frailty and multimorbidity on psychological distress in a rural setting during COVID-19 in China.

Objective

This study explores the combined effect of frailty and multimorbidity on psychological distress in rural Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines whether CSS would buffer the aforementioned association.

Methods

Data used in this study were extracted from 2 waves of the Shandong Rural Elderly Health Cohort (SREHC), and the final analytic sample included 2785 respondents who participated in both baseline and follow-up surveys. Multilevel linear mixed effects models were used to quantify the strength of the longitudinal association between frailty and multimorbidity combinations and psychological distress using 2 waves of data for each participant, and then, cross-level interactions between CSS and combined frailty and multimorbidity were included to test whether CSS would buffer the adverse impact of coexisting frailty and multimorbidity on psychological distress.

Results

Frail older adults with multimorbidity reported the most psychological distress compared to individuals with only 1 or none of the conditions (β=.68, 95% CI 0.60-0.77, P<.001), and baseline coexisting frailty and multimorbidity predicted the most psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic (β=.32, 95% CI 0.22-0.43, P<.001). Further, CSS moderated the aforementioned association (β=–.16, 95% CI –0.23 to –0.09, P<.001), and increased CSS buffered the adverse effect of coexisting frailty and multimorbidity on psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic (β=–.11, 95% CI –0.22 to –0.01, P=.035).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that more public health and clinical attention should be paid to psychological distress among multimorbid older adults with frailty when facing public health emergencies. This research also suggests that community-level interventions prioritizing social support mechanisms, specifically improving the average levels of social support within communities, may be an effective approach to alleviate psychological distress for rural older adults who concurrently manifest frailty and multimorbidity.