bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin: A Potential Marker of Impending Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis
Authors: Sapra Shelly , Goyal Laxmi Kant , Mathur Ajay , Jain Gunja
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Kidney injury is an inherent component of sepsis. Serum creatinine (S. Cr) as a marker of kidney injury has certain pitfalls and may not rise until significant kidney function has been lost. This study evaluated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of impending acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional, observational analytic study was conducted during one calendar year among patients admitted to medicine wards/intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in Western India. A total of 80 study participants of age above 18 years fulfilling the criteria of sepsis were recruited in the study according to the Sepsis-3 criteria. Patients below 18 years of age, pregnant women, patients with known kidney diseases, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and exposure to nephrotoxic agents (i.e. aminoglycoside, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, and contrast agents) within the past 2 months, and patients who failed to give consent were excluded from the study. Clinical and biochemical data were collected till Day 7. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated on Day 1 and Day 3. NGAL levels were measured on Day 3.

Results:

The mean age was 48 ± 19 years, with a male preponderance (63.8%). The mean of SOFA score on Day 1 and Day 3 was 9.84 ± 3.19 and 13.75 ± 3.14, respectively. The mean serum NGAL levels on Day 3 were 436.78 ± 242.23 ng/ml. The mean serum urea on Day 7 (86.99 ± 22.88 mg/dL) was significantly higher than on Day 3 (38.64 ± 9.49 mg/dL) (P = 0.004). Similarly, the mean S. Cr on Day 7 (2.97 ± 1.45 mg/dL) was significantly higher than on Day 3 (0.82 ± 0.23 mg/dL) (P = 0.033). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on Day 7 (35.42 ± 18.99 mL/min/1.73 m2) was also significantly lower in comparison to Day 3 (117.67 ± 56.10 mL/min/1.73 m2) (P < 0.05). Serum NGAL showed a significant positive correlation with S. Cr on Day 3 (r = 0.3257, P = 0.003), Day 7 (r = 0.5944, P < 0.00001), and mean change in S. Cr (r = 0.5562, P < 0.00001). Serum NGAL showed a significant negative correlation with eGFR on Day 3 (r = −0.3061, P = 0.005), Day 7 (r = −0.4362, P = 0.00005), and mean change in eGFR (r = −0.1629, P < 0.0001). Receiver-operating curve analysis showed 90.9% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity of NGAL (cutoff value 152 ng/ml) to predict impending AKI.

Conclusion:

Traditional marker of renal dysfunction (S. Cr, eGFR) had a significant correlation with NGAL. NGAL can predict impending AKI in sepsis patients earlier than S. Cr or eGFR.
Awareness about Orthodontists’ Role in Treating Osa and Mouth Breathing among Otolaryngologists
Authors: Patel Anuj D. , Kubavat Ajay K. , Patel Khyati V. , Sejani Vishwa , Bhavsar Priyal , Patel Riddhi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic correction of dentofacial abnormalities is a crucial component of oral health because it enhances overall oral health-related quality of life, optimal function, periodontal health, and aesthetics. This study sought to determine whether otolaryngologists recommend patients to orthodontists, whether they are adequately knowledgeable about the fundamentals of orthodontics, and whether they check for orthodontic problems in their patients.

Materials and Method:

We conducted a survey study of otolaryngologists in Gujarat, India. Questionnaires were completed by 47 out of 60 otolaryngologists (response rate 78%).

Results:

In the assessment of the mouth breathers, a very low frequency of “always” examining the extra-oral features (18%) was found. Reasons otolaryngologists referred patients to orthodontists varied from mouth breathing 48% (23/47) to face or teeth asymmetry 87% (41/47). In the multivariable analyses for the effect of gender, work sector, or years of experience in the decision for orthodontic referral, we could not identify any significant predictors. A low frequency of awareness of orthodontists’ role in obstructive sleep apnoea, 48% (23/47) was found.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the survey of otolaryngologists in Gujarat, India, revealed areas for improvement in awareness and practices related to orthodontic issues, particularly in cases of mouth breathing. The study highlighted a low frequency of examination of extraoral features and variability in referral patterns, emphasizing potential gaps in knowledge. Additionally, a low awareness of orthodontists’ role in treating obstructive sleep apnea was identified. Targeted educational interventions are recommended to enhance interdisciplinary communication and collaboration between otolaryngologists and orthodontists, ultimately fostering a more comprehensive approach to patient care for individuals with dentofacial deformities in Gujarat and potentially influencing practices on a broader scale.
Health Behavioral Assessment among the Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Rupakar Pratik , Kaur Amberpreet , Sharma Prenika , Shaikh Heena , Gandhi Sweta M , Patel Hemali R
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The current study sought to evaluate the health-seeking behavior and related factors among head and neck cancer patients who were visiting a cancer treatment center. A total of 150 patients with head and neck cancer in the age range of 20–65 years were included in the study. A pretested, structured questionnaire with 20 closed-ended questions was used to cover topics like sociodemographics, personal vices, the patient’s medical history, events after diagnosis, and knowledge of cancer. Patients who were unemployed were more likely to put off seeking medical attention than those who were employed. This finding was statistically significant. More initiative and creative action should be made by government and non-government organizations to provide ongoing periodic screening, counseling, and health education to the general public.
Genome Sequencing - Changing the Pandemic Dynamics
Authors: Jaggi Namita
Published: April 2024

One single test that has completely changed the curve of the COVID-19 pandemic is the genome sequencing. Most commonly used vaccines during the pandemic such as mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and vector-based vaccine from serum institute of India could be developed in record time because of the availability of viral genome which was decoded as early as January 11, 2020, even before the pandemic had spread too many parts of the world. Sequencing has allowed COVID-19 to be the first virus whose spread is being monitored in real-time and on a global scale. During the pandemic, repeated viral gene sequencing helped detect new variants and analyze their origin and behavior.
Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and its Impact on Public Mental Health in Rural versus Urban Population of Sindh, Pakistan: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Otho Muhammad Suleman , Perveen S.
Published: April 2024

Background:

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an immense public mental health threat. Asia has a great mix of rural and urban populations which differ in health-care facilities. Its virulence is escalating the psychological impact but its epidemiological dynamics are still needed to be explored. Therefore, we explored the prevalence of COVID-19 and its impact on public mental health in rural versus urban adults aged 18–65 years in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sindh, Pakistan, from April to July 2021. Stratified random sampling was used for 1494 respondents. Seven rural and urban districts were chosen. After informed consent, information on demographics, depression, and anxiety was collected through structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 26 with mean ± standard deviation for continuous and frequency (percentages) for categorical variables. t-test and Chi-square test were applied at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The prevalence of COVID-19 was found to be 20.9% in Sindh, Pakistan. Among 1494 respondents, the rural–urban distribution was 757 (50.7%) and 737 (49.3%) with females on the slightly higher side (774 [51.9%]). There was a statistically significant difference in age, household members, earning members, gender, marital status, and occupation. Prevalence of depression and anxiety was 42.2% and 85.5%, respectively. Both were statistically significant for rural–urban populations with P < 0.001 for depression and P = 0.003 for anxiety.

Conclusion:

The study showed a significant difference in the public mental health of the equitable rural versus urban population of Sindh, Pakistan, during the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires strategies by policymakers.
Stories are Central to the Collective Human Identity and so is Health
Authors: Raina Sunil Kumar
Published: April 2024

The failure of public health to achieve its objective is ingrained partly in its inability to adapt to change and partly to its preference for evidence-only models. The arrival and elevated emphasis on statistics and calculus as defining the success of systems and the extension of the same to public health has only worked toward strengthening its overreliance on evidence-only implementation strategies and models. However, public health, unlike medicine and more like social sciences gains from its application to the broader public good and takes its lessons more from the success stories among the public than from the calculation based on a few datasets. There is no public health without public and since stories are central to the construction of the public, there underutilization in the delivery of public health needs a relook.
Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on friction in orthodontics
Authors: Munusamy Lithish Raj Gopinath , Chandrasekar Deepak , Tandon Akshay , Praveen Katepogu , Angrish Nidhi , Deenadayalan Purushothaman , Samruthi V. Nivetha
Published: April 2024

Background:

Orthodontics is a specialized field of dentistry that focuses on correcting maligned teeth and jaws. Friction in orthodontics occurs at multiple contact points along the archwire. We discuss the factors that affect friction in fixed appliances, including biological considerations, the ligation mechanism, the bracket, and the archwire. This bibliometric study’s objective is to review the literature on the subject of friction in orthodontics. This abstract provides an overview of the key concepts, methods, and applications of friction in orthodontics using bibliometric analysis.

Methods:

Bibliometrics can reveal significant shifts in research and publication trends. The Bibliometrix package with the VOS viewer program (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands), and RStudio 2021.09.0 + 351 for Windows (RStudio, Boston, Massachusetts) was used in the bibliometric research. The literary data for this study came from Elsevier’s Scopus database (www.scopus.com), and they were exported in BibTex format. The following criteria were used to independently classify the articles: (a) annual scholarly output; (b) top nations or regions; (c) top journals; (d) productive authors; (e) citations; (f) study design; (g) topic distribution; (h) keywords used; and (i) trending topics over time.

Results:

Brazil and Germany have the most single-country publications, according to a statistical analysis.

Conclusions:

The research done on the aspect of finding the role of friction in orthodontics provided data and knowledge about using friction as a tool to control tooth movement in fixed appliance therapy. Further studies are necessary to obtain more reliable results.
Influence of Silver Nanoparticle Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, Tissue Biopsy, and Gene Transcription in the Aeromonas carviae challenged Labeo rohita
Authors: Popoola Omoniyi Michael , Behera Bijay Kumar
Published: April 2024

The study examined the impact of a diet enriched with nanosilver (AgNPs) on the specific immunity, tissue biopsy, and growth effectiveness of Labeo rohita infected with A. carviae. The fish were divided into four groups with replications, and three diets were prepared with AgNPs (0, 10, 15, and 20 μg AgNPs kg-1 diet) added. The fish in the 15μg kg-1 group showed improved growth rates and a 70% survival rate after being challenged with A. carviae. Antioxidant indices, as well as the non-specific immune response, provided notable variations in the inclusion values of AgNPs in the liver and gill. The supplementation of 15μgkg-1 AgNPs most effectively improved tissue damage caused by A. caviae exposure in immunoprotective organs. T3 had higher liver TNF-α transcription than other treatments, while T4 had the highest values for IL-10. The amount of IL-10 in kidneys, gills, and muscles was also higher in T3, T2 and T3 respectively. The research suggests that AgNPs can positively influence fish growth and manage A. caviae infections by boosting antioxidant status and immunity while causing minimal harm to the immunoprotective organs.
Процесс Пуассона с линейным сносом и сопутствующие функциональные ряды
Authors: Mosyagin Vyacheslav Evgenevich
Published: April 2024

Рассматривается случайный процесс $Y(t)=at-\nu_+(pt)+\nu_-(-qt)$, $t\in(-\infty,\infty)$, где $\nu_{\pm}(t)$ - независимые стандартные пуассоновские процессы при $t\geqslant 0$ и $\nu_{\pm}(t)=0$ при $t<0$. Параметры $a$, $p$ и $q$ таковы, что $\mathbf{E}Y(t)<0$, $t\neq 0$. В работе найдены суммы $\varphi_m(z,r)=\sum_{k\geqslant 0}(re^{-r})^{k}(z+k)^{m+k-1}/k!$, $m=1,2,…$, $z\geqslant 0$, функциональных рядов с параметром $ r\in(0,1) $, которые используются для рекуррентного вычисления моментов $\mathbf{E}(t^*)^m$, $m\geqslant 1$, времени $t^*$ достижения максимума траекторией процесса $Y(t)$. Результаты работы применимы к задаче об оценивании параметра $\theta$ по $n$ наблюдениям с плотностью $f(x,\theta)$, которая имеет скачок в точке $x=x(\theta)$, $x'(\theta)\neq 0$. Если $\widehat\theta_n$ - это оценка максимального правдоподобия истинного параметра $\theta_0$, то предельным при $n\to\infty$ распределением для нормированных оценок $n(\widehat\theta_n - \theta_0)$ будет распределение аргумента максимума $t^*_{\theta_0}$ траектории процесса $Y(t)$ с параметрами $a$, $p$ и $q$, зависящими от односторонних пределов плотности в точке $x(\theta_0)$ и от производной $x'(\theta_0)$. Вычисление моментов $\mathbf{E}(t^*_{\theta_0})^m$, $m=1, 2$, в этом случае позволяет оценить величину асимптотического смещения оценки максимального правдоподобия и ее эффективность.
Об одном примере вычисления математического ожидания
Authors: Bulinski Alexander Vadimovich
Published: April 2024

Рассматривается формула вычисления математического ожидания случайной величины, основанная на использовании квантильной функции. Эта формула применяется к установлению оценки математического ожидания для неубывающей функции от случайной величины, преобразованной с помощью ее функции распределения. Основной интерес представляет случай разрывной функции распределения. Как следствие, получается уточнение примера, предложенного в одной из предшествующих статей автора (Теория вероятн. и ее примен., 68:3 (2023), 483-508).
Investigation of Different Cathode Path Topologies for Water Recovery
in a Heavy-Duty Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Vehicle
Authors: Petersen Niels , Wagenblast Max , Pollak Markus , Heinke Steffen , Tegethoff Wilhelm , Köhler Jürgen
Published: April 2024

Heavy-duty vehicles equipped with polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
(PEM-FC) are an environmentally friendly alternative to vehicles powered by
internal combustion engines. A major challenge for heavy-duty fuel cell vehicles
is the potential cooling deficit under high load conditions at high ambient
temperatures. To solve this problem, a spray cooling system can be utilized, in
which liquid water is sprayed on the main cooler at the front end of the
vehicle. The evaporation of the sprayed liquid water results in an increased
cooling power. In this paper, the recovery of liquid water within the cathode
loop of a mobile PEM-FC system is presented and discussed. For this purpose,
three different topologies of the cathode subsystem of the PEM-FC are
investigated for recovering liquid water directly from the fuel cell exhaust
gas. To obtain liquid water, vapor in the exhaust gas is cooled below the
saturation temperature in an additional heat exchanger. Three possible positions
of such a heat exchanger in the exhaust gas system are analyzed and discussed in
this study. The first investigated position is at the outlet of the turbine and
the other two are either upstream or downstream of the membrane humidifier. For
the position upstream of the humidifier, a control and operating strategy is
established. To investigate the water recovery of the three topologies, a
simulation study is conducted using a validated physics-based model of the
entire fuel cell system. The result of the study is a recommendation that the
additional cooler should be placed upstream of the membrane humidifier.
The Dynamical Equations of the Restricted Three-Body Problem with Poynting-Robertson Drag Force and Variable Masses
Authors: Amuda Tajudeen Oluwafemi , Leke Oni
Published: April 2024

The restricted three-body problem (R3BP) is a formulation which defines the motion of a passively gravitating test particle having  infinitesimal mass and moving in the gravitational environment of two bodies, called primaries. The R3BP is still an exciting and active  research field that has been getting attention of scientists and astronomers because of its applications in dynamics of the solar and stellar systems, lunar theory, and artificial satellites. The equations of motion are usually the starting point in the investigations of the  dynamical predictions of the infinitesimal mass. Therefore, in this paper, we examine the derivations of the dynamical equations of the  R3BP with Poynting-Robertson (P-R) Drag force and variable masses. In this model formulation, both primaries are assumed to vary their  masses under the combined Mestschersky law (CML) and they move in the frame of the GyldenMestschersky equation (GME). Further,  the bigger primary is assumed to be emitting radiation force, which is a component of the radiation pressure and the P-R drag. The non- autonomous dynamical equations of the model are derived and converted into the autonomized equations with constant coefficients  using the Mestschersky transformation (MT), the CML, the particular solutions of the GMP, and a transformation for the time dependent  velocity of light. We observed that the P-R drag of the bigger primary depends on the mass parameter, radiation pressure, velocity of  light and the mass variation constant . The derived systems of equations with variable and constant coefficients can be used to model  the long-term motion of satellites and planets in binary systems.
A Model of Android - Dependent Vehicle Monitoring System
Authors: Aghware F.O. , Ojie D.V. , Malasowe B.O.
Published: April 2024

From a global perspective, the number of cars using our roads around-the-clock has increased dramatically, and this has tremendously  amplified the insecurity on our roads. This has become a key subject, especially in Nigeria. Consequently, automobile trailing schemes are  gradually becoming evident amongst common users in the transport sector in most major metropolises. This paper aims to showcase a developed Android-based application system for vehicle trailing schemes that integrates Google Maps real-time features, the  “Global Positioning System (GPS), and employs the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)” technology. The GPS component is  a space-based navigation system that runs on location and time data at all times, irrespective of place and time on the globe, provided  there is a line of sight to any of the four or more GPS satellites. The time and location are displayed, utilising Google Maps, which serves  as an interface with the application so that the user will be able to constantly monitor moving vehicles via the smartphone. Presented  here are the designed model and the experimental outcome of the automobile trailing system that verifies the possibility of the system  trailing the movement of vehicles from one location to another at any given time, as well as an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI)  for the Smartphone application.
Palynological Studies of Some Coaly Shales around Gamawa Kumo area, Gongola Basin, Northern Benue Trough, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Abdulkarim Haruna , Maigari Abubakar Sadiq , Umar Bappah Adamu , Nabage Nuru Abdullahi , Shirputda John Jitong , Saidu Fatima
Published: April 2024

Thirty (30) outcrop samples from a section at Gamawa area, Gongola basin, Northern Benue trough were palynologically analyzed to  determine age, and paleo-depositional conditions of the strata. Lithological the section is composed of silts, clays and sandstone  intercalations at the base followed by coaly shales and bioturbated silty to fine-grained sandstones at the top. Samples were treated with Hydrochloric and Hydrofluoric acids to remove carbonates and silicates respectively and slides were prepared using standard techniques.  A total of 1250 palynomorph specimens were recovered. A palynological age of Upper Maastrichtian was assigned to this  interval best on the assemblage of Maastrichtian diagnostic marker species of Longapertites marginatus, Proxaperties operculatus,    Spinizonocolpites Baculatus, Monocolpites marginatus especially by the abundance of Pollen Spinizonocolpites Baculatus. Based on the low  palynomorph marine index and dominating presence of Palme group species, especially the Spinizonocolpites Species the study  suggested a paleodepositional condition of a mangrove forest with evidence of tidal dominated estuarine conditions in mostly brackishwater and a temperate climate.
Assessment of Tropospheric Radio Refractivity and Its Variation with Climatic Variables Over Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Akpootu D.O. , Aminu Z. , Nouhou I. , Yusuf A. , Idris M. , Aliyu M.A. , Salifu S.I. , Kola T.A. , Agidi O.E.
Published: April 2024

To achieve optimal performances, radio link/system planning and design must take radio refractivity estimation very seriously. This study  utilizes measured average daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure for forty-one-year period (1981–2021) obtained  from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) archives for Zaria (latitude 11.100 N, longitude 7.680 E)  strategically located in Nigeria’s midland climate zone to calculate the monthly tropospheric radio refractivity and look into how it varies  with other meteorological factors and radio refractive index. The percentage of the contribution of dry term (Ndry) and wet term (Nwet)  to radio refractivity and refractivity gradient were investigated. The findings indicated that radio refractivity was higher during the rainy  season (August) and lower’during the dry season (February), with a maximum mean value of 350.8733 N-units and a minimum mean  value of 284.1975 N-units, respectively, found in those months. The wet term contributes to the significant fluctuation of the radio  refractivity, whereas the dry term makes up 76.03% of the total value. The gradient of mean refractivity estimated for Zaria was found to  be – 43.8709 N – units/km indicating super-refraction propagation condition.
Systematic Assessment of Bottomland Resources Influenced by Waste Disposal
Authors: Adebisi S.L. , Adebayo S.A. , Oladebeye I.H.
Published: April 2024

In Ile-Oluji, Nigeria, issues with waste disposal brought on by population growth have resulted in contamination of the bottomland  resources that sustain humankind. Random soil samples were taken from a solid dumpsite and its adjacent closed bottomland at depths  of 0–15, 15–30, and 30–75 cm and analyzed in the laboratory. Soil texture, soil moisture content (MC), porosity, bulk density, pH, electrical  conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) were measured. Also examined  was the concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) in  the samples. Soil moisture content (MC), porosity, bulk density, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 8.52 to 16.08%, 30.14 to  51.19%, 1.16 to 1.46 g/cm3, 6.98 to 7.58, and 299.82 to 432.61 μS/cm, respectively. The concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals (OC,  K, Ca, Mg, and Na) and (Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Cr, and Mn) in the soil samples collected from the solid waste dumpsite and bottomland ranged respectively from 2.13–3.10%,, 3.98–6.57, 5.08–8.11, 5.41–7.11, and 0.98–2.61 Cmol/kg, and 6.83– 29.04, 0.00–0.35, 0.41–3.92, 0.89–3.46,  0.00–0.63, and 13.74–74.38 mg/kg. The highest concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals were found in the soil sample collected from  the solid waste dumpsite between 0 and 15 cm of soil depth, and it was closely followed by the sample obtained from the bottomland at the same soil depth compared to other locations. The concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the limits established  by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), but persistent dumping of waste in the area  may eventually increase the concentration of heavy metals beyond the acceptable limit. There is a need for the locals to be aware that the  growing of crops on dumpsites and closed adjacent bottomland due to its fertility status could result in the uptake of heavy metals  and eventually end up in human or animal bodies. A measure to avoid dumping waste close to the bottomland should be put in place by  ensuring the immediate construction of a standard environmental sanitary dumpsite in combination with the waste recycling strategy in  the study area.
Assessment of the Microbial and Physicochemical Quality of Water: Evidence from Selected Groundwater Sources from The Coastal Region of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Ikuesan Felix , Faraday Ediagbonya Thompson
Published: April 2024

The coastal area of Nigeria frequently experiences pollution of water due to various human activities that may compromise the quality of  underground water. This study evaluated the microbial contamination and quality indicators of groundwater in the coastal environment  of Ondo State, Nigeria. Nine underground water samples were collected from the study area and assayed using conventional  microbiological techniques coupled with standard physical and chemical analytical procedures. Results revealed that all the samples had  total viable bacterial counts, fungal counts and coliform counts which ranged from 61.25 to 85.32 CFU/100 mL, 10.00 to 35.32 SFU/100 mL  and 6 – 24 MPN/100 mL respectively, which were higher than the set WHO limit. Results also revealed that the samples from Irele and  Ese- Odo Local Governments Areas had acidic pH in the range of 4.20 -5.21 considered to be below the WHO permissible limit whereas  only one of three samples from Ilaje Local Government had acidic pH of 5.23. The concentrations of the heavy metals varied among the  samples with manganese (0.183-0.311) mg/L exceeding the 0.08 mg/L prescribed by the WHO. The high microbial load, acidic pH of 4.20  -5.23 in 77.78 % of samples and elevated amount of certain metals suggest the need for water quality monitoring and intervention by  government and oil multinationals operating in the area noting that adequate supply of safe - drinking water will improve human health   and reduce the burden of waterborne diseases.
Simulation of High-Gain Microstrip Patch Antennas for 5G Applications
Authors: Yusuf M.A. , Ali M.H.
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a single-band Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) with L, T, and other suitable slots, specifically designed for high-gain  performance in fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. Incorporating these innovative slots onto a single rectangular  patch antenna yielded substantial improvements in gain and bandwidth, addressing the requirements of 5G applications. The investigation was conducted within the Computer Studio Suite (CST) simulation environment, utilizing simulated structures to identify  optimized slot dimensions. The performance and dimensions of the newly modified patch antennas are systematically assessed and  compared against those of a previously developed single microstrip patch antenna and an array designed for operation at 28 GHz. The  results of the proposed antennas exhibited significant gain and directivity, noticeable bandwidth, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR),  and efficiency at the selected resonance frequency. The successful implementation of this proposed design holds the potential to greatly  simplify the integration of 5G applications into handheld devices.
Assessment of the Ecology of Diatoms in Relation to Environmental Variables in Landzu River Bida Niger State Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed A.Z. , Adama S.B. , Adamu A.S. , Auta Y.I. , Mohammed Y.M.
Published: April 2024

Diatoms are widely utilised as excellent environmental indicators due to their ability to react to a wide range of physical, chemical, and  biological changes that take place in the aquatic environment. This study was carried out to investigate some aspects of the ecology of  diatoms in relation to environmental variables in Landzu River Bida, Niger state Nigeria. Samples were collected from five (5) sampling station and analysed using standard methods and procedures. The results show water temperature (23.63±2.18-25.75±0.25°C), Water  depth (23.76±4.87-36.32±3.21cm), Flow velocity ranged (0.011±0.00-0.182±0.01), Water pH (7.28±0.37-7.48±0.35), Transparency  (20.50±0.15- 22.01±0.31cm), Electrical conductivity (118.95±0.21-144.6±0.23 µS/cm). Dissolved oxygen concentration (6.4±0.50-7.70±0.19  mg/l), the Biochemical oxygen demand (2.14±0.23-2.55±0.26mg/l), total hardness (30.5±3.19-31.26±2.8.33mg/l), alkalinity  (13.83±0.74-14.00±0.71mg/l), Nitrate (0.014±0.00-0.035±0.00mg/l), Phosphate (0.028±0.01 to 0.03±0.00mg/l) the total dissolved solids (111.86±1.49 to 131.18±1.90), Magnesium (0.018±0.01-0.053±0.00mg/l), Zinc (12.02±9.00-23.45±3.00 mg/l), Nickel (4.90±0.45-5.51±0.52mg/ l), Lead (0.44±0.07-1.84±0.04mg/l) and Manganese (12.58±1.30-19.43±2.70 mg/l). All the physicochemical variables measured show no  significant (p>0.05) difference between the sampling stations except depth, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate and total dissolved  solids which differ significantly (p<0.05) among the sampling stations while all the heavy metal differs significantly (p<0.05)  between the sampling stations except magnesium and nickel. A total of 2499 individual organisms from 25 species were identified.  Station 2 had the highest number of individuals with 561 organisms, followed by station 5 with 511 organisms while station 4 had 505  organisms. Station 1 had 481 organisms, while station 3 had the lowest with 441 organisms. The study shows diatom assemblage is  influenced by human activities.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria and Demographic Influences Among Primary School Children in Dala, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Sule H. , Bala D.S. , Abubakar I. , Muhammad Murtala
Published: April 2024

Malaria poses a significant health challenges globally, disproportionately affecting vulnerable population such as children. This study  aimed to ascertain the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among primary school pupils in Dala Local Government Area, Kano State,  Nigeria. Utilizing a crosssectional design, blood samples were collected from 107 pupils through finger prick. These samples were then  subjected to microscopic examination following the preparation of both thin and thick blood films. The overall prevalence of  asymptomatic malaria was found to be 21.5%, with 23 pupils testing positive for the parasite. Gender-wise, male participants exhibited a  higher infection rate (73.9%) compared to their female counterparts (26.08%). Age-specific analysis revealed that the 13-16 years age  group had the highest prevalence of asymptomatic malaria at 73.9%, whereas the 5-8 years age group had the lowest at 2.38%. These  results highlighted the substantial presence of asymptomatic malaria among school-aged children, particularly within the 13-16 years age  bracket. The study underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to identify and treat asymptomatic malaria  infections in order to mitigate the silent transmission within this vulnerable population.
Energy Convergence in a Structure Optimization and Vibrational Modes of Some Acene Molecules
Authors: Ibrahim Kassim L. , Babaji G. , Galadanci G.S.M. , Abenga Raymond C. , Jamo H.U.
Published: April 2024

Acene molecules, exhibit interesting electronic and structural properties due to the presence of alternating single and double bonds.  There has been a recent surge in interest in studying small acenes, such as anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene. Geometry optimization  and energy convergence for acene molecules are essential steps in understanding their properties and behavior. The  modellings of MJs was done using Jmol computer code and the geometry of these structures was relaxed towards its minimum energy  using a two-step procedures which are; pre-relax the structure with light settings and post-relaxation run using tight settings down to  10-2 eV/Å stopping criteria. The results showed that total energy uncorrected and the maximum force converged. The converged  energies for anthracene, tetracene and pentacene molecules are, 0.0057 eV/Å, 0.0056 eV/Å, and 0.0060 eV/Å respectively. For the  vibrational analysis, some of the results indicated that the input geometry is indeed a local minimum and not a saddle point. The results  also showed a low IR absorption, with maximum intensity of 1.83 D2Å-2, 2.00 D2Å-2, and 1.91 D2Å-2 for anthracene, tetracene, and  pentacene respectively.
An Enhanced Sector Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (S-LEACH) using Modified Grey Wolf Optimisation Algorithm and Game Theory
Authors: Bagiwa M.A. , Ishaya N. , Obiniyi A.A.
Published: April 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and other sensing and communication technologies have given man the ability to keep tabs on his  surroundings. Distributed sensors in the form of WSNs are used to keep tabs on environmental or physics-related variables. These  sensors operate together to send information via the internet to a central location, where it may be used to inform decisions that have real consequences for people's lives. As detecting, processing, and transmitting all take a lot of energy, WSNs are powered by batteries  that cannot be replaced during data transmission. Therefore, it is essential to increase the network's durability by reducing the energy  consumption of each sensor node. Power consumption problems exist in network's communication routes between the sensor nodes  might have disastrous effects on a network that relies on timely data transmission. Since the sensor nodes need electricity to function,  losing that power disrupts data transmission and, in most situations, kills the network. A serious issue with WSNs is their rapid loss of  energy. Studies have shown that switching the node from active to sleep mode while it is not in use may extend the lifespan of WSNs.  Some have argued that a mobile charger should be made available instead of a sensor node with a changeable battery. Even though  energy harvesting the practice of drawing power from the surroundings and transforming it into electrical energy has the potential to  address this issue, there are situations in which this is not possible. The objective of this study is to design a more energyefficient  algorithm for usage by sensor nodes in order to decrease their power consumption. By combining game theory and Grey Wolf  Optimisation with the existing Sector Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) routing system, a more efficient and effective  algorithm was developed called Enhance Game and Grey Wolf Algorithm (EG-GWA).
Physician, heal thyself
Authors: Muthuuri J.M.
Published: April 2024

No Abstract
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nano-Composites of Enantia chlorantha Extracts
Authors: Adeyeni E. G. , Ayodele E. T. , Olawoore I. T. , Adeyeni R. A.
Published: April 2024

Biosynthesized nanoparticles are receiving attention because of naturally existing secondary metabolites from plants that support green synthesis and their biological applications. Hence, the Objective of this paper as to biosynthesize and characterize silver nano-composites of Enantia chlorantha extracts using appropriate standard techniques. The results of the FTIR research revealed significant heterogeneity in chemical shifts among the functional groups, indicating changes in chemical surroundings. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis showed that the extract and Ec-AgNPs had different numbers of compound peaks: the extract had 28 peaks, while Ec-AgNPs had 32 peaks. Ec-AgNPs showed more antibacterial activity than the extract, although having equal phytochemical contents, suggesting their potential for medicinal uses. The importance of using plant extracts in green synthesis techniques to produce nanoparticles and their potential biological uses is highlighted by this study.
Arthropod Community Structure of Jaja Creek and Downstream Sections of Imo River in Uta Ewa Village, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpan A. U. , Ukpai O. M. , Ehisianya C. N. , Esenowo I. K.
Published: April 2024

Arthropods are considered the most successful animals on earth. They are an essential part of the aquatic food chain and efficient bioindicators depicting the biotic community structure and water quality. This study aimed to generate baseline data on the arthropod community structure of Jaja Creek and downstream sections of Imo River in Uta Ewa village, Ikot-Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. A variety of sampling techniques, including the scoop net method at low tides in the littoral zone, square lift net anchored on a paddling boat, sweep net, and locally made crab traps were adopted for the sampling of the arthropods. Fourty-six arthropod species were identified and classified into three classes: Arachnida, Crustaceans, and Insecta, with nine orders and twenty-six families. Sesarma alberti, Aratus pisonii, Sesarma elegans, Armases sp, Neosarmatium meinerti, Nematopalaemon sp, and Macrobrachium caledonicum were among the various arthropod species identified in this study. The class Crustaceans had the highest individual abundance of 135,809 (94.74%), followed by the class Insecta, which had a total numerical individual abundance of 7,339 (5.12%), and the order Arachnida (206; 0.14%). For the first time, members of the class Insecta and the families Sesarmidae, Pilumnidae, and Penaeidae (Penaeus sp.) were collected and identified in this portion of the Niger Delta Creek and Imo River. Given the importance of aquatic arthropod species to the catchment region and the country, a comprehensive conservation strategy should be developed to conserve and defend their survival.
Effects of Farming Conditions on the Nutritional Contents of Manihot esculenta Planted in four Regions of Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ekpo I. E. , Orji I. , Patrick B. F.
Published: April 2024

All through human existence, the ability to cultivate crops to better human life has been affected by the nature of the soil; different crops strive in different regions. The relationship between humans, the earth and food production affirms soil as the foundation of crop production. Hence, the objective of this paper as to the effects of farming conditions on the nutritional contents of Manihot esculenta planted in four regions of Niger Delta, Nigeria. Using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained revealed that the moisture contents varied in the order; herbicide > oil-spilled > inorganic fertilizer > normal. The amount of water-soluble vitamins varied in the order; normal > oil spilled > inorganic fertilizer > herbicide. The amount of crude lipids varied in the order; herbicide > normal > inorganic fertilizer > oil-spilled. The amount of hydrogen cyanide varied in the order; inorganic fertilizer > herbicide > oil-spilled > normal. The amount of carbohydrate varied in the order; inorganic fertilizer > oil-spilled > normal > herbicide. The amount of crude protein and fiber varied in the order; herbicide > normal > inorganic fertilizer > oil-spilled. Root tubers from the normal practice was most abundant in ash contents, while that from the use of herbicide was the least. These results indicated that the normal practice showed commended amount of moisture content, water soluble vitamins and ash content; the herbicide induced land produced cassava tuber with the highest amount of crude lipids, crude fibre and crude proteins; that with the use of inorganic fertilizer produced the highest amount of hydrogen cyanide. All practices were adoptive for carbohydrate formation, except the herbicide induced soil.
Distribution and Abundance of Zooplankton in Anthropogenic-Impacted Stream, Nsit-Ibom, Nigeria
Authors: Obot I. O. , Jacob U. S.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the distribution and abundance of zooplankton in Mbiokporo stream Nsit-Ibom Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods. The result revealed that there were 9 zooplankton taxonomic groups (namely: Arachnida, Bdelloidae, Branchiopoda, Chromadorae, Euglenoidea, Hexanauplia, Insecta, Polychaeta, Tubulinea), comprising 12 species and 91 individuals. The most abundant zooplankton species was Temora longicornis with the highest number of species across all the stations 24 > 19 > 7 for station 1, station 2, and station 3 respectively. Branchiopoda had the highest number of species (4) and highest species composition (33.33%), while Hexanauplia recorded the highest individual abundance (54.95%). The relative abundance of zooplankton phyla was as follows: (Hexanauplia, 54.95 %) > (Branchiopoda, 13.19 %) > (Bdelloidae, 8.79) % > (Chromadorae, 7.69 %) > (Polychaeta and Arachnida, 5.49 % each) > (Insecta, 2.20 %) > (Tubulinea, 1.10 %) respectively. Indices of species dominance were as follows: station 1 > station 2 > station 3, with the following values 0.4349 > 0.4235 > 0.2397 each. Meanwhile, the highest species evenness was in station 3 (0.7887), followed by station 2 (0.5495), while the lowest was in station 1 (0.486). Margalef’s species diversity was slightly higher in station 1 (1.649) than in station 3 (1.618) while the lowest was in station 2 (1.456). The equitability index among stations was as follows: 3 (0.8675) > station 2 (0.6659) > station 1 (0.6292). However, this result revealed that ongoing anthropogenic activities along the stream may resulted in the deterioration of the stream thereby leading low species composition of zooplankton as observed in this study.
Effects of Beverage Solvents on Disintegration Time and Dissolution Rate of Metronidazole Tablets
Authors: Avbunudiogba J. A. , Okafo S. E. , Alalor C. A. , Avbunudiogba R. E. , Christopher V. O.
Published: April 2024

Drug Disintegration time refers to the period within which a mechanical break-up of compressed tablet dissolve upon exposure to physiological fluids within a short period of time into tiny granules upon ingestion, while drug dissolution rate becomes a key tool in understanding the importance for its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Hence, the objective of this paper was to assess the impact of seven different solvents, which includes five non-alcoholic beverages (Exotic juice, soft drink, coffee, milk, and milo), one alcoholic beverage (beer), one dilute acid (0.1 M HCl) and a control distilled water (dil. H2O) on the disintegration time and dissolution rate of metronidazole tablets. The distilled water was used as control. The results obtained show that the mean disintegration times were 2.28 ± 0.04 (0.1 N HCl), 4.21 ± 0.12 (beer), 3.24 ± 0.05 (coffee), 3.23 ± 0.07 (distilled water), 5.21 ± 0.09 (Exotic juice), 3.17 ± 0.06 (Fanta), and 16.16 ± 0.11 (milk). The mean dissolution rates on the other hand were 98.87 ± 0.12, 78.09 ± 0.09, 84.27 ± 0.11, 86.52 ± 0.40, 67.98 ± 0.09, 92.70 ± 0.50, and 44.94 ± 0.22 respectively. Metronidazole tablets disintegrated and dissolved more in 0.1 N HCL than in other mediums and less in milk. From this study, although the disintegration time and dissolution rate of metronidazole were not greatly affected by the different beverages except for Exotic juice, and the mixture of milk and Milo, care should be taken when replacing water with any beverage in ingesting tablets.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Apparently Healthy University Staff and Students in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Obajuluwa A. F. , Parom S. K. , Kubau S. K.
Published: April 2024

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been frequently implicated in healthcare-associated infections. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the prevalence and antibiogram of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage among apparently healthy University staff and students in Kaduna, Nigeria. A total of 250 nasal swab samples were collected alongside demographic data. Gram staining and biochemical tests were carried out to identify the Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistance was determined phenotypically using cefoxitin disc. Antibiotics susceptibility testing of the MRSA isolates was carried out using agar diffusion method and the multidrug resistance determined. Out of the 250 nasal samples collected, 41 (16.4%) were confirmed to be S. aureus, out of which 25(61.0%) were methicillin resistant. Students from Faculties of Science and Medicine harboured higher percentages of MRSA (69.2% and 60.0%, respectively) in their nasal cavity. Gentamicin (84%) and ciprofloxacin (72%) were the most active antibacterial agents against the MRSA isolates. High level of resistance was recorded amongst the MRSA isolates to amoxicillin (80.0%), cotrimoxazole (52.0%), erythromycin (32.0%) and streptomycin (32.0%).Multidrug resistance was recorded in 48% of the MRSA isolates. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of MRSA (61.0%) among Staff and students of Kaduna State University. Irrational use of antibiotics especially in the community and without prescription might be responsible for this.
Rainfall Frequency Analysis of Some Cities in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Agbonaye A. I. , Izinyon O. C.
Published: April 2024

Rainfall frequency analyses for four cities namely Benin City, Port Harcourt, Calabar and Uyo in Nigeria's Niger Delta area were carried out utilizing daily rainfall data from the yearly maxima series for 48 years (1965 – 2012) at each location. The study's goal was to identify the probability distribution model that fit the data the best and applicable to each location from among six candidate probability distribution models namely: Pearson Type III (PIII), log Normal (LN), log Pearson Type III, Generalized Extreme value (GEV), Extreme value type I (EVI), and Generalized Pareto (GPA). The method of moments (MOM) was used to estimate the distributions' parameters applying the outcomes of seven goodness of fit tests, the most optimal fit distribution model was chosen for each site namely Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), Maximum Absolute Derivation Index (MADI), Chi–Square etc. The best distribution model at each location was utilized to predict rainfall of desired return periods. Based on our findings, PIII for Benin City, GEV for Port Harcourt, GEV for Calabar and EVI and LN for Uyo are the distribution models that suit the data the best., The Best Fit Probability Distribution Model predicted rainfall return values (RT) at 200 years return period ranging from192.92mm at Uyo, 185mm at Port Harcourt; 218mm for Benin City; and 245 mm at Calabar.. The study's findings are helpful in the planning, designing, and maintaining of hydraulic structures for preventing flood damage and mitigating floods at the locations