bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 3D crustal structure of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica, based on joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data using variation of information
Authors: Lowe Maximilian , Jordan Tom A. , Moorkamp Max , Ebbing Jörg , Green Christopher , Lösing Mareen , Larter Robert David
Published: July 2023

Direct geological information in Antarctica is limited to ice free
regions along the coast, high mountain ranges or isolated nunataks.
Therefore, indirect methods are required to reveal subglacial geology
and heterogeneities in crustal properties, which are critical steps
towards interpreting geological history. We present a 3D crustal model
of density and susceptibility distribution in the Wilkes Subglacial
Basin and the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) based on joint inversion of
airborne gravity and magnetic data. The applied “variation of
information” technique enforces a coupling between gravity and magnetic
sources to give an enhanced inversion result. Our model reveals a
large-scale body located in the interior of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin
interpreted as a batholithic intrusive structure, as well as a linear
dense body at the margin of the Terre Adélie Craton. Density and
susceptibility relationships are used to inform the interpretation of
petrophysical properties and the reconstruction of the origin of those
crustal blocks. The petrophysical relationship indicates that the
postulated batholitic intrusion is granitic, but independent from the
Granite Harbour Igneous Complex previous described in the TAM area.
Emplacement of a large volume of intrusive granites can potentially
elevate local geothermal heat flow significantly. Finally, we present a
tectonic evolution sketch based on the inversion results, which includes
development of a passive continental margin with seaward dipping basalt
horizons and magmatic underplating followed by two distinct intrusion
events in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin with Pan-African ages (700 - 551
Ma) and Ross ages (550 - 450 Ma).
The Jatinangoriense Herbarium as Learning Innovations within the Independent Learning Independent Campus (MBKM)
Authors: Irawan Budi , Eneng Nunuz Rohmatullayaly
Published: July 2023

The Jatinangoriense Herbarium is a teaching herbarium managed by the Biosystematics and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University. It stores approximately 8,000 specimens, including collections of angiosperms, ferns, algae, fungi, seed collections, simplicia, and carpology. The herbarium serves as a facility for learning, research, community service, and plant identification services. In line with the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program, the presence of this teaching media plays an essential role in supporting the program as a means of developing digital teaching media and courses that focus on the competence of biocurators. This qualitative research employs the 4D model with four stages: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The result is an instructional video on the techniques and management of the herbarium, which serves as one of the teaching materials in the Collection and Management of Biological Specimens course. Additionally, the MBKM program facilitates off-campus students by using digital learning facilities, encouraging universities to develop virtual museums and herbaria that can be widely accessed as sources of knowledge. The Bachelor's Degree Program in Biology at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, provides students with the opportunity to learn and practice the development of a virtual herbarium through the Digitalization of Biological Objects course, utilizing various specimens from the Jatinangoriense Herbarium.
Levels of caesium-137 in food of animal origin in Poland
Authors: Gembal Magdalena , Czerski Paweł , Milczarczyk Ewelina , Warenik-Bany Małgorzata
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Radioactive contamination of the environment is one of the greatest threats after a nuclear accident due to released radionuclides. From a radiotoxicological point of view, the most important radionuclide is caesium-137. Formed mainly during nuclear explosions, caesium-137 can persist in the soil for many years, from where it constantly enters the food chain. One of the elements of ensuring food safety is the monitoring of its radioactive contamination, mainly with radioactive caesium isotopes. The aim of the study was to determine the content of caesium-137 in food of animal origin.

Material and Methods

A total of 1,416 muscle samples from cattle, sheep, pigs, game and fish, as well as chicken eggs and dairy products were examined using gamma-ray spectrometry.

Results

Caesium-137 activities ranged from below the minimum detectable activity concentration (MDC) to over 4,000 Bq/kg wet weight (w.w.). Most often, the values did not exceed the MDC or were in a range below 100 Bq/kg. The exception was the muscle tissue of game animals, especially wild boar, where a significant activity of caesium-137 was recorded, the highest of which was 4,136.8 ± 238 Bq/kg w.w. Committed effective doses determined for each matrix ranged from 0.01 to 0.83 µSv/kg, with the highest value determined for wild boar.

Conclusion

The calculated exposure doses with values well below the accepted low radiation dose (100 mSv) did not indicate any significant amounts of ionising radiation from the food consumed.
Lines of Effort Regarding Modeling Human Resilience in Crisis Situations
Authors: Ilie Beatrice-Daiana
Published: July 2023

Taking a short view into the nowadays conflicts an also to the ones that are shortly to come we can realize that there are some major elements that influence them like: urbanism, climate changes, globalization, the growth and the migration of the population and of course the current economic crises. It seems like in our present time, there a lot of methods that can help us to reduce as much as possible the risks that appear in the crisis times. It is well known that people behave different when a crisis time arises. In the following document, we are going to focus on human behavior in crisis times, the factors that influence the way people act when they are passing through different situations, how we integrate these behaviors together from which we are going to conclude and propose different types of models that can create a powerful warning system, hoping to increase the efficiency of crisis management. The present article states that there is not a universal direction that can be followed in order to solve crisis because resilience in crisis situations depends not only on the education and the social environment in which a human being grows but also on the actual context of personal development that a person has achieved.
La evaluación en la teleformación y herramientas para la creación de exámenes
Authors: Altamirano Galván Sandra Guadalupe
Published: July 2023

La evaluación en línea es un tema de gran relevancia en la actualidad, pues la educación siempre ha tenido como elementos principales, la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la evaluación del aprendizaje. No solamente es importante que el estudiante se encuentre presente en el curso virtual, sino que además demuestre las competencias adquiridas, y su desempeño pueda ser evaluado a partir de diversas actividades o exámenes. Bajo el contexto mencionado, un grupo de estudiantes de nivel superior en una institución pública en la ciudad de Monterrey, N.L. México, realizaron una serie de actividades que les permitieron investigar, debatir y concluir de manera colaborativa sobre el tema de la evaluación. Como primera actividad realizaron exámenes usando herramientas en línea y posteriormente debatieron durante dos semanas un conjunto de preguntas de investigación referentes a la evaluación de los aprendizajes en línea a través de un foro de discusión. Los resultados obtenidos con base en el análisis de los aportes que los estudiantes hicieron en el foro de discusión y con base en la encuesta sobre la experiencia de aprendizaje que se aplicó al concluir el debate, demostraron que la evaluación es un punto crucial en la educación virtual que debe ser contemplado desde que se realiza el diseño instruccional y debe generar un seguimiento en el desempeño del estudiante durante todo el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que permitiría garantizar su identidad. Por otro lado se demostró que las herramientas para la creación de exámenes en línea son de gran utilidad y pueden ser un recurso que en conjunto con la práctica, permitan una evaluación global del alumno. Así también se demostró que los estudiantes se encontraron satisfechos con su experiencia de aprendizaje durante el desarrollo de las diversas actividades en torno al tema.
A retrospective cross-sectional study of the prevalence of hypertension and its co-morbidities in a Nigerian medical center
Authors: Suleiyol Charity Abatur  , Joseph Michael Okwori  , Terwase Simon Amgah  , Ter Basil Anweh  , Igba Richard Injor  , Daniel Friday Onuh
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for other life threatening conditions like stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, vascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Many times, hypertension presents with other comorbidities further worsening prognosis and quality of life of the patients. Objectives: The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and other comorbidities among patients accessing specialist care. Method: A cross sectional design which obtained data from case files of patients who visited the hospital for follow-up in August, 2022. 251 participants were selected by randomization technique. Analyses were done using RStudio version 4.2.1 at 95% confidence interval and 0.05 level of significance. Result: The results showed that, 50.6% of the participants were males, the mean age of the participants was 53 years with a mean BP of 126.2/77.7 mmHg. The Tiv ethnicity formed the majority (57.8%) of the sample population. The prevalence of hypertension was estimated at 54.2%. A linear correlation was found between SBP and age adjusted for marital status among non-hypertensive participants (R2 = 26.3%, p<0.05). Diabetes was the most prevalent comorbidity (24.3%). ACE inhibitors and ARBs were the most prescribed antihypertensive agents (72.8%) with dual therapy (41.2%) being the most utilized pharmacotherapeutic approach. Only about 61.8% hypertensive participants had their BP under control. In conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was high in the FMC, Makurdi. A positive linear correlation between SBP and age was seen. Although the outcome rate was above average, it was still seen as a huge public health concern.
LOOT BOX STATE OF PLAY 2023: LAW, REGULATION, POLICY, AND ENFORCEMENT AROUND THE WORLD
Authors: Xiao Leon Y.
Published: July 2023

Loot boxes can be bought with real-world money inside video games to obtain random items of varying value. Although these mechanics are gambling-like, they are widely available for purchase, including in children’s games. Many countries are considering better regulation. The rapid regulatory and policy developments and proposals across the world in recent years are summarised: (i) probability disclosure requirements in Taiwan, South Korea, and China; (ii) enforcement of gambling law in Belgium, Austria, Finland, the Netherlands, France, the UK, and Australia; (iii) enforcement of EU consumer protection law in Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK; (iv) age ratings and warning labels in Germany, Australia, and the US; (v) expanding the legal definition of ‘gambling’ so as to encompass loot boxes in Finland and Brazil; (vi) the ambitious dedicated regulatory regime in Spain; (vii) class action civil litigation in the US and Canada; (viii) industry self-regulation in the UK; and (ix) attempts to ban online games of chance in India.
Exploring Aesthetic Chills as a Biomarker in Depression
Authors: Schoeller Felix , Jain Abhinandan , Maes Pattie , Reggente Nicco
Published: July 2023

Background. Major Depression Disorder (MDD) is a pressing public health crisis affecting 121 million individuals globally and contributing to 850,000 annual deaths. Few studies investigate the mechanisms underlying positive emotion dysregulation in depression. This study aims to bridge this gap and provide novel methods for the elicitation of positive affect and its brain, body, and behavioral mechanisms. Methods. ChillsDB, an open-source database of validated audiovisual stimuli, was used to identify the stimuli. A total of 193 participants took part in the experiment, including 74 males, with a mean age of 41.5 (SD=15.4). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were used to screen for depression (cut-off at 19) and anhedonia (cut-off at 32). All groups were balanced in terms of gender and age. 78 individuals were clinically diagnosed with depression, with 46 of them having a BDI score larger than 19. Additionally, 30 subjects diagnosed with anhedonic depression (SHAPS>32) were included. The remaining 84 subjects did not have a history of clinical depression or mental health issues. Results. The intensity of chills was significantly lower in the depressed group compared to that in the healthy group (p = 0.037). Additionally, individuals who were classified as mildly depressed were associated with significantly higher odds of having chills (Estimate = 1.373). The BDI scores were compared between individuals who reported experiencing chills and those who did not. Conclusions. The findings of this study have important implications for understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for positive affect in depression and highlight the need for further investigation in this area.
Manajemen Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Belajar Santri di Pondok Pesantren (Studi Kasus Pada Pondok Pesantren Al Ihya Kota Cirebon dan Pondok Pesantren Darul Ma’arif Majalengka)
Authors: Alawiyah Tuti , Handayani Fitri , R Rossa Ade Tutty , Syaefuridjal Achmad , Gaffar Andriana
Published: July 2023

Islamic boarding schools are community-based institutions founded by individuals, foundations and Islamic community organizations, as well as communities that instill faith and piety to Allah SWT (U.-U. Republik Indonesia, 2019). Transformational leadership management is a leadership model that can help subordinates to be more creative and innovative to make changes to institutions so that they can be competitive with other institutions in order to achieve goals easily according to the steps in the management function. The purpose of this study in general is to describe and analyze the management of transformational leadership in improving the learning quality of students. This study uses an inductive qualitative approach, with a descriptive method of qualitative analysis of case studies (case study) and data collection techniques using interview techniques, observation and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the planning steps in both Islamic boarding schools are adjusted to the vision, mission and objectives of the Islamic boarding school. Organizing by forming a learning quality assurance team from the leadership of the Islamic boarding school. Its implementation has been implemented in the activities of reciting the yellow book, outreach, simulation, training, directing the leadership of Islamic boarding schools, there are two stages of supervision. from the administrator. The management provides an explanation of the realization of the activity program. The second stage is monitoring and evaluating the preparation of the activity program, starting from supervision from the Ministry of Religion of Cirebon City and the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of West Java Province, the leadership of Islamic boarding schools and the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of West Java Province to the pesantren. The conclusion is that management is transformational leadership in improving the quality of student learning, namely (1) management functions have been realized starting from planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling in program preparation, conducting monev and preparation of accountability reports, (2) the dimensions of transformational leadership are met in Islamic boarding schools, namely, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and full attention to subordinates (individualism consideration). , and (3) there is an increase in the quality of education in Islamic boarding schools, namely in the quality of implementing Islamic boarding schools, realization of activities, student achievement, and access to student graduates.
Development of an Islamic Education Management Philosophy e-Module through the Canva Application
Authors: Nurmayuli Nurmayuli
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat e-modul perkuliahan Filsafat Manajemen Pendidikan Islam dengan menggunakan tools Canva Design, yang akan dilengkapi dengan deskripsi materi, video, dan kegiatan untuk setiap sub bab materi. Proses penelitian dan pengembangan model ADDIE diterapkan. Responden adalah 67 orang mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam UIN Ar-Raniry tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi adalah lima tahapan penelitian. Hasil validasi produk dari kedua validator diperoleh skor rata-rata 77,50% dalam kategori layak dan skor tinggi dengan persentase berkisar antara 86,19% hingga 92,53% pada tahap implementasi, menunjukkan bahwa e-modul Filsafat Manajemen Pendidikan Islam sangat layak digunakan dan sangat membantu mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan filsafat manajemen pendidikan Islam. Umpan balik pengguna adalah bahwa e-modul siswa ini mudah digunakan dan bermanfaat di kelas Filsafat Manajemen Pendidikan Islam. Berdasarkan komentar siswa, dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-modul filosofi manajemen pendidikan Islam adalah e-modul yang sangat baik untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar yang sangat cocok dalam periode pembelajaran mandiri saat ini dan masa depan.
MEMAHAMI KEBIJAKAN RENCANA TATA RUANG WILAYAH DI PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Thahir Baharuddin
Published: July 2023

One of the causes of environmental problems such as natural disasters in many parts of Indonesia is land use violations. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with an inductive approach. In addition, researchers conducted data analysis using two models of analysis, namely the qualitative descriptive strategy model and the qualitative control analysis strategy model. RTRW as a policy is analyzed based on Grindle's view that there are two main variables that influence policy implementation, namely: political content; and implementation environment. Meanwhile, from the point of view of regional planning, Rapoport shows that housing formation does not only consist of physical factors, but can also consist of various existing socio-cultural factors and not in a narrow sense. see spatial planning as a result of spatial planning. He stressed that regional planning is all about distributing community activities and activities to achieve pre-formulated goals. Through this article we conclude that regional utilization must be addressed with regional planning policies. But in practice, the municipal government faces obstacles. The local government is trying to keep the RTRW consistent with government guidelines and it appears that the RTRW guidelines are also included in the planning documents. The city government participates in the planning, implementation and monitoring processes to ensure consistency in the implementation of the RTRW at both the provincial and district/city levels
Immune landscape in rejection of renal transplantation revealed by high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wen Ning , Wu Jihua , Li Haibin , Liao Jixiang , Lan Liugen , Yang Xiawei , Zhu Guangyi , Lei Zhiying , Dong Jianhui , Sun Xuyong
Published: July 2023

Background: The role of the cellular level in kidney transplant rejection is unclear, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can reveal the single-cell landscape behind rejection of human kidney allografts at the single-cell level.

Methods: High-quality transcriptomes were generated from scRNA-seq data from five human kidney transplantation biopsy cores. Cluster analysis was performed on the scRNA-seq data by known cell marker genes in order to identify different cell types. In addition, pathways, pseudotime developmental trajectories and transcriptional regulatory networks involved in different cell subpopulations were explored. Next, we systematically analyzed the scoring of gene sets regarding single-cell expression profiles based on biological processes associated with oxidative stress.

Results: We obtained 81,139 single cells by scRNA-seq from kidney transplant tissue biopsies of three antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) patients and two acute kidney injury (AKI) patients with non-rejection causes and identified 11 cell types, including immune cells, renal cells and several stromal cells. Immune cells such as macrophages showed inflammatory activation and antigen presentation and complement signaling, especially in rejection where some subpopulations of cells specifically expressed in rejection showed specific pro-inflammatory responses. In addition, patients with rejection are characterized by an increased number of fibroblasts, and further analysis of subpopulations of fibroblasts revealed their involvement in inflammatory and fibrosis-related pathways leading to increased renal rejection and fibrosis. Notably, the gene set score for response to oxidative stress was higher in patients with rejection.

Conclusion: Insight into histological differences in kidney transplant patients with or without rejection was gained by assessing differences in cellular levels at single-cell resolution. In conclusion, we applied scRNA-seq to rejection after renal transplantation to deconstruct its heterogeneity and identify new targets for personalized therapeutic approaches.
Optical properties of graphene oxide
Authors: Tene Talia , Guevara Marco , Benalcázar Palacios Freddy , Morocho Barrionuevo Tania Paulina , Vacacela Gomez Cristian , Bellucci Stefano
Published: July 2023

The study of the optical properties of graphene oxide (GO) is crucial in designing functionalized GO materials with specific optical properties for various applications such as (bio) sensors, optoelectronics, and energy storage. The present work aims to investigate the electronic transitions, optical bandgap, and absorption coefficient of GO under different conditions. Specifically, the study examines the effects of drying times ranging from 0 to 120 h while maintaining a fixed temperature of 80°C and low temperatures ranging from 40℃ to 100℃, with a constant drying time of 24 h. Our findings indicate that exposing the GO sample to a drying time of up to 120 h at 80°C can lead to a reduction in the optical bandgap, decreasing it from 4.09 to 2.76 eV. The π−π* transition was found to be the most affected, shifting from approximately 230 nm at 0 h to 244 nm after 120 h of drying time. Absorption coefficients of 3140–5507 ml mg−1 m−1 were measured, which are similar to those reported for exfoliated graphene dispersions but up to two times higher, confirming the improved optical properties of GO. Our findings can provide insights into determining the optimal temperature and duration required for transforming GO into its reduced form for a specific application through extrapolation. The study is complemented by analyzing the elemental composition, surface morphology change, and electrical properties.
Asymptomatic people with well-controlled HIV do not have abnormal left ventricular global longitudinal strain
Authors: Hoy Jennifer F. , Lee Sue J. , Trevillyan Janine M. , Dewar Elizabeth M. , Roney Janine , Dart Anthony , Yang Yan
Published: July 2023

Background

Previous studies have reported impairment in systolic and diastolic function in people with HIV (PWHIV). Our aim was to determine if echocardiographically measured left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) is abnormal in asymptomatic PWHIV.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of PWHIV (n = 98, 89% male, median age 53 years) and HIV-negative people (n = 50, median age 53 years) without known cardiovascular disease were recruited from a single centre. All participants completed a health/lifestyle questionnaire, provided a fasting blood sample, and underwent a comprehensive echocardiogram for assessment of diastolic and systolic LV function, including measurement of GLS.

Results

All PWHIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for a median of 12 years (IQR: 6.9, 22.4), the majority with good virological control (87% suppressed) and without immunological compromise (median CD4 598 cells/µl, IQR: 388, 841). Compared with controls of similar age and gender, there was no difference in GLS [mean GLS −20.3% (SD 2.5%) vs. −21.0% (SD 2.5%), p = 0.14] or left ventricular ejection fractions [65.3% (SD 6.3) vs. 64.8% (SD 4.8), p = 0.62]. Following adjustment for covariates (gender, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose), the difference in GLS remained non-significant. There were no differences in LV diastolic function between the groups. Exposure to at least one mitochondrially toxic ART drug (didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine, or zalcitabine) was not associated with impairment of LV systolic function.

Conclusion

No clinically significant impairment of myocardial systolic function, as measured by LV GLS, was detected in this predominantly Caucasian male population of PWHIV on long-term ART, with no history of cardiovascular disease.
Alterations of natural killer cells activatory molecules phenotype and function in mothers of ASD children: a pilot study
Authors: Saresella Marina , Marventano Ivana , Piancone Federica , Bolognesi Elisabetta , Hernis Ambra , Zanzottera Milena , La Rosa Francesca , Agliardi Cristina , Giraldo Stefano , Chiappedi Matteo , Guerini Franca Rosa , Clerici Mario
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is accompanied by complex immune alterations and inflammation, and the possible role played by Natural Killer (NK) in such alterations is only barely understood.

Methods

To address this question we analysed activating and inhibitory NK receptors, as well as NK cells phenotype and function in a group of mothers of children who developed ASD (ASD-MO; N=24) comparing results to those obtained in mothers of healthy children who did not develop (HC-MO; N=25).

Results

Results showed that in ASD-MO compared to HC-MO: 1) NK cells expressing the inhibitory receptor ILT2 are significantly decreased; 2) the activating HLA-G14bp+ polymorphism is more frequently observed and is correlated with the decrease of ILT2-expressing cells; 3) the CD56bright and CD56dim NK subsets are increased; 4) IFNγ and TNF production is reduced; and 5) perforin- and granzymes-releasing NK cells are increased even in unstimulated conditions and could not be upregulated by mitogenic stimulation.

Discussion

Results herein reinforce the hypothesis that ASD relatives present traits similar to, but not as severe as the defining features of ASD (Autism endophenotype) and identify a role for NK cells impairment in generating the inflammatory milieu that is observed in ASD.
Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tibetan chickens on the growth performance and gut microbiota of broiler
Authors: Wang Lei , Lin Zhengrong , Ali Mahboob , Zhu Xiaohui , Zhang Yu , Li Siyuan , Li Kun , Kebzhai Fareeda , Li Jiakui
Published: July 2023

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are organic supplements that have several advantages for the health of the host. Tibetan chickens are an ancient breed, which evolve unique gut microbiota due to their adaptation to the hypoxic environment of high altitude. However, knowledge of LAB isolated from Tibetan chickens is very limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus Plantarum (LP1), Weissella criteria (WT1), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (PT2) isolated from Tibetan chickens and investigate their effects on growth performance, immunoregulation and intestinal microbiome in broiler chickens. Growth performance, serum biochemical analysis, real-time PCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to study the probiotic effects of LP1, WT1, and PT2 in broiler chickens. Results showed that LP1, WT1 and PT2 were excellent inhibitors against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC25922), meanwhile, LP1, WT1, and PT2 significantly increased weekly weight gain, villus height, antioxidant ability and gut microbiota diversity indexes in broilers. In addition, LP1 and PT2 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased Desulfovibrio in comparison with T1 (control group). Additionally, oral LAB can reduce cholesterol and regulate the expression of tight junction genes in broiler chickens, suggesting that LAB can improve the integrity of the cecal barrier and immune response. In conclusion, LAB improved the growth performance, gut barrier health, intestinal flora balance and immune protection of broiler chickens. Our findings revealed the uniqueness of LAB isolated from Tibetan chickens and its potential as a probiotic additive in poultry field.
Postoperative ecchymoma of eyelid after botulinum toxin injection for hemifacial spasm: a case report
Authors: Hu Xinyu , Guo Kexin , Li Jingwen , Wang Xinyi , Liu Hanshu , Yu Qinwei , Kuang Guiying , Li Gang , Huang Jinsha , Li Hongge , Lin Zhicheng , Xiong Nian
Published: July 2023

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a rare movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions on one side of the face. Compared to the high therapeutic effect, adverse effects of botulinum toxin treatment for HFS occurred rarely. However, managing HFS patients who are also taking antithrombotic drugs poses a challenge. Here, we present a case of postoperative ecchymoma of the eyelid following a botulinum toxin injection in a patient receiving daily vinpocetine and aspirin antiplatelet therapy. This case highlights the importance of considering the potential risks and formulating a treatment plan that maximizes benefit while minimizing complications in HFS patients undergoing botulinum toxin injections and taking antithrombotic medications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of postoperative ecchymoma of the eyelid following a botulinum toxin injection. Further research and additional case reports are needed to better understand the management strategies for this patient population.
Data sharing in neurodegenerative disease research: challenges and learnings from the innovative medicines initiative public-private partnership model
Authors: Bradshaw Angela , Hughes Nigel , Vallez-Garcia David , Chokoshvili Davit , Owens Andrew , Hansen Clint , Emmert Kirsten , Maetzler Walter , Killin Lewis , Barnes Rodrigo , Brookes Anthony J. , Visser Pieter Jelle , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Diaz Carlos , Steukers Lennert
Published: July 2023

Efficient data sharing is hampered by an array of organizational, ethical, behavioral, and technical challenges, slowing research progress and reducing the utility of data generated by clinical research studies on neurodegenerative diseases. There is a particular need to address differences between public and private sector environments for research and data sharing, which have varying standards, expectations, motivations, and interests. The Neuronet data sharing Working Group was set up to understand the existing barriers to data sharing in public-private partnership projects, and to provide guidance to overcome these barriers, by convening data sharing experts from diverse projects in the IMI neurodegeneration portfolio. In this policy and practice review, we outline the challenges and learnings of the WG, providing the neurodegeneration community with examples of good practices and recommendations on how to overcome obstacles to data sharing. These obstacles span organizational issues linked to the unique structure of cross-sectoral, collaborative research initiatives, to technical issues that affect the storage, structure and annotations of individual datasets. We also identify sociotechnical hurdles, such as academic recognition and reward systems that disincentivise data sharing, and legal challenges linked to heightened perceptions of data privacy risk, compounded by a lack of clear guidance on GDPR compliance mechanisms for public-private research. Focusing on real-world, neuroimaging and digital biomarker data, we highlight particular challenges and learnings for data sharing, such as data management planning, development of ethical codes of conduct, and harmonization of protocols and curation processes. Cross-cutting solutions and enablers include the principles of transparency, standardization and co-design – from open, accessible metadata catalogs that enhance findability of data, to measures that increase visibility and trust in data reuse.
Exploring the Role of Novel Biostimulators in Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Reinforcing the Antioxidant Defense Systems in Cucurbita pepo Plants Exposed to Cadmium and Lead Toxicity
Authors: Rady Mostafa M. , Salama Mohamed M. M. , Kuşvuran Sebnem , Kuşvuran Alpaslan , Ahmed Atef F. , Ali Esmat F. , Farouk Hamada A. , Osman Ashraf Sh. , Selim Khaled A. , Mahmoud Amr E. M.
Published: July 2023

The use of bio-stimulants (BSs) has become an important policy in managing many stressed crop plants through the regulation of the balance of phytohormones, osmo-protectors (OPs), antioxidant systems, and gene expression, all of which reflect plant growth and productivity. Garlic + onion extract (GOE) at a concentration of 2.0–3.0% and diluted bee honey solution (BHs) at a concentration of 1.0–1.5% were applied exogenously to squash (Cucurbita pepo) plants subjected to cadmium (Cd) + lead (Pb) stress (0.3 mM CdCl2 + 0.3 mM PbCl2). The objective was to determine the effects of these treatments on growth characteristics, organic metabolites/biomolecules, and mineral nutrients. Cd + Pb stress significantly increased electrolyte leakage (EL, 103%) and malondialdehyde (MDA, 90%) because of an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 145%) and superoxide (O2•−, 152%) levels, and contents of abscisic acid (ABA, 164%), Cd (674–711%), and Pb (754–805%). Consequently, marked increases in the contents of OPs and non-enzymatic antioxidants (28–133%), activities of antioxidant enzymes (48–80%), and expressions of enzyme genes (60–84%) were observed. The administration of Cd + Pb treatment reduced plant growth and development parameters (25–59%), yield components (61–86%), photosynthetic components (27–67%), leaf proportional water content (26%), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 44%), gibberellic acid (GA3, 56%), and cyto-kinin (CKs, 49%) contents. Nonetheless, the administration of GOE, BHs, and GOE + BHs attenuated the adverse impacts of Cd + Pb stress. The best treatment was GOE + BHs which significantly decreased EL (52%) and MDA (49%) because of a reduction of O2•– (61%), H2O2 (60%), ABA (63%), Cd (89–91%), and Pb (89–91%) levels. This positive outcome was linked to an increase in the OPs’ (22–46%) and non-enzymatic antioxidant (27–46%) levels, activities of enzymes (26–44%), and enzyme gene expressions (35–40%), all of which contributed to the promoted relative water content (RWC, 37%), pigment contents (47–194%), hormonal levels (82–132%), growth traits (31–149%), yield components (154–626%), and fruit quality traits (31–92%). From these results, it can be concluded that treatment of GOE + BHs is recommended as a foliar application to reduce the adverse effects of Cd + Pb stress treatment in squash.
Research on the Construction of a Finite Element Model and Parameter Calibration for Industrial Hemp Stalks
Authors: Huang Jicheng , Tian Kunpeng , Ji Aimin , Zhang Bin , Shen Cheng , Liu Haolu
Published: July 2023

Finite element numerical simulations provide a visual and quantitative approach to studying the interaction between rigid mechanical components and flexible agricultural crops. This method is an important tool for the design of modern agricultural production equipment. Obtaining accurate material model parameters for crops is a prerequisite for ensuring the reliability and accuracy of numerical simulations. To address the issue of unclear mechanical constitutive model parameters for industrial hemp stalks, this study utilized the theory of composite materials to establish a mechanical constitutive relationship model for industrial hemp stalks. Compression, tensile, and bending tests on different components of the stalk were conducted, using a computer-controlled universal testing machine, to obtain their elastic parameters. Combined with the measured basic material parameters and contact parameters of industrial hemp stalks, a finite-element numerical simulation model of industrial hemp stalks was established. By conducting Plackett–Burman and central composite experiments, it was determined that among the six measured parameters, the anisotropic plane Poisson’s ratio of the phloem and the isotropic plane Poisson’s ratio of the xylem have a significant influence on the maximum bending force of the stalk. Parameter optimization was carried out, using the relative error of the maximum bending force as the optimization objective, resulting in an anisotropic plane Poisson’s ratio of 0.054 for the phloem and an isotropic plane Poisson’s ratio of 0.28 for the xylem of industrial hemp stalks. To validate the accuracy and reliability of the optimized parameters, a numerical simulation was conducted and compared with the physical experiments. The simulated value obtained was 405.81 N while the actual measured value was 392.55 N. The error between the simulated and measured values was only 3.4%, confirming the effectiveness of the model. The precise parameters for the mechanical characteristics of industrial hemp stalk material obtained in this study can provide a parameter basis for future research on the numerical simulation of mechanized industrial hemp harvesting and retting.
Identification of Key Modules and Hub Genes Involved in Regulating the Color of Chicken Breast Meat Using WGCNA
Authors: Guo Xing , Zhang Hong , Wang Hao , He Xin-Xin , Wang Jiang-Xian , Wei Wei , Liu Meng , Xu Jin-Mei , Liu Ya-Nan , Jiang Run-Shen
Published: July 2023

Meat color is one of the most important economic traits in chickens. However, the gene network and regulatory mechanisms contributing to meat color traits in chickens remain largely unknown. In the present study, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on RNA-Seq datasets of 16 pectoralis major muscle samples from two yellow-feather chicken breeds to identify the modules and hub genes related to meat color in chickens. A total of 18,821 genes were used to construct the weighted gene co-expression network, and 29 co-expression gene modules were identified. Among these modules, five modules including blue, brown, steel blue, paleturquoise and orange modules were found to be significantly correlated with meat color traits. Furthermore, several genes within the association module involved in the regulation of mitochondrial activity (e.g., ATP5L, UQCR10 and COX7C) and lipid oxidation (e.g., CAV3, RBP4A and APOH) were identified as hub genes that may play a crucial role in the regulation of meat color. These results provide valuable information to improve our understanding of gene expression and regulation in relation to meat color traits and contribute to future molecular breeding for improving meat color in chickens.
Contribution of Saccharomyces and Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts on the Volatile and Phenolic Profiles of Rosehip Mead
Authors: Avîrvarei Alexandra-Costina , Pop Carmen Rodica , Mudura Elena , Ranga Floricuța , Hegheș Simona-Codruța , Gal Emese , Zhao Haifeng , Fărcaș Anca Corina , Chiș Maria Simona , Coldea Teodora Emilia
Published: July 2023

The resurgence of mead, a honey-based fermented beverage, is attributed to the increasing consumption of fermented foods and beverages, driven by its distinct flavors and perceived health benefits. This study investigates the influence of different yeast strains, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. bayanus, and Torulaspora delbrueckii, on the volatile and phenolic compounds of these beverages. Analytical techniques, including HPLC-DAD and GS/MS, were employed to analyze the chemical composition of the beverages. ANOVA analysis of variance was conducted to assess differences in the volatile and phenolic compounds. The findings reveal that yeast selection significantly impacts the chemical profiles of the beverages. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation preserves rosehip-specific flavonoids and phenolic acids. Sequential fermentation with Torulaspora delbrueckii demonstrated proficiency in generating esters, contributing to fruity and floral aromas in the beverages. This study investigates the importance of yeast selection in shaping the chemical composition of rosehip mead, providing insights into the distinct characteristics conferred by different yeast strains. By optimizing yeast selection and fermentation techniques, the overall quality and diversity of these beverages can be enhanced.
A Novel Intraoperative Mapping Device Detects the Thermodynamic Response Function
Authors: Iorga Michael , Schneider Nils , Cho Jaden , Tate Matthew C. , Parrish Todd B.
Published: July 2023

Functional activation leads to an increase in local brain temperature via an increase in local perfusion. In the intraoperative setting, these cortical surface temperature fluctuations may be imaged using infrared thermography such that the activated brain areas are inferred. While it is known that temperature increases as a result of activation, a quantitative spatiotemporal description has yet to be achieved. A novel intraoperative infrared thermography device with data collection software was developed to isolate the thermal impulse response function. Device performance was validated using data from six patients undergoing awake craniotomy who participated in motor and sensory mapping tasks during infrared imaging following standard mapping with direct electrical stimulation. Shared spatiotemporal patterns of cortical temperature changes across patients were identified using group principal component analysis. Analysis of component time series revealed a thermal activation peak present across all patients with an onset delay of five seconds and a peak duration of ten seconds. Spatial loadings were converted to a functional map which showed strong correspondence to positive stimulation results for similar tasks. This component demonstrates the presence of a previously unknown impulse response function for functional mapping with infrared thermography.
Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8) and Its Association with Infections in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Friebus-Kardash Justa , Kuang Fei , Peitz Tobias , Hamdan Thamer A. , Eisenberger Ute , Boss Kristina , Kribben Andreas , Lang Karl Sebastian , Jahn Michael
Published: July 2023

Patients on dialysis have dysfunctions of innate and adaptive immune system responses. The transcriptional factor IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8) is primarily expressed in plasmacytoid cells (pDCs) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), playing a crucial role in the maturation of dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, and contributing to protection against bacterial infections. The current study analyzed the expression patterns of IRF8 and assessed its association with the risk of infections in 79 dialysis patients compared to 44 healthy controls. Different subsets of leukocytes and the intracellular expression of IRF8 were measured using flow cytometry. Compared to the healthy controls, the dialysis patients showed significantly reduced numbers of pDCs and significantly increased numbers of natural killer cells and classical and intermediate monocytes. The dialysis patients exhibited decreased numbers of IRF8-positive dendritic cells (pDC p < 0.001, mDC1 p < 0.001, mDC2 p = 0.005) and increased numbers of IRF8-positive monocytes (p < 0.001). IRF8 expression in pDC, mDC, and classical monocytes was lower in the dialysis patients than in the controls. Dialysis patients who required hospitalization due to infections within one year of follow-up displayed significantly reduced IRF8 expression levels in pDCs compared to patients without such infections (p = 0.04). Our results suggest that reduced IRF8 expression in pDCs is a potential risk factor predisposing dialysis patients to serious infections.
Differentiation Induction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Au Delivery Platform
Authors: Yang Meng-Yin , Chiu Cheng-Di , Ke Yi-Chun , Yang Yi-Chin , Chang Kai-Bo , Chen Chien-Min , Lee Hsu-Tung , Tang Chien-Lun , Liu Bai-Shuan , Hung Huey-Shan
Published: July 2023

Au decorated with type I collagen (Col) was used as a core material to cross-link with stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) in order to investigate biological performance. The Au-based nanoparticles were subjected to physicochemical determination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of this nanoparticle using the MTT assay and measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Also, the biological effects of the SDF-1α-conjugated nanoparticles (Au-Col-SDF1α) were assessed and the mechanisms were explored. Furthermore, we investigated the cell differentiation-inducing potential of these conjugated nanoparticles on MSCs toward endothelial cells, neurons, osteoblasts and adipocytes. We then ultimately explored the process of cell entry and transportation of the nanoparticles. Using a mouse animal model and retro-orbital sinus injection, we traced in vivo biodistribution to determine the biosafety of the Au-Col-SDF1α nanoparticles. In summary, our results indicate that Au-Col is a promising drug delivery system; it can be used to carry SDF1α to improve MSC therapeutic efficiency.
Revisiting Two Decades of Research Focused on Targeting APE1 for Cancer Therapy: The Pros and Cons
Authors: Malfatti Matilde Clarissa , Bellina Alessia , Antoniali Giulia , Tell Gianluca
Published: July 2023

APE1 is an essential endodeoxyribonuclease of the base excision repair pathway that maintains genome stability. It was identified as a pivotal factor favoring tumor progression and chemoresistance through the control of gene expression by a redox-based mechanism. APE1 is overexpressed and serum-secreted in different cancers, representing a prognostic and predictive factor and a promising non-invasive biomarker. Strategies directly targeting APE1 functions led to the identification of inhibitors showing potential therapeutic value, some of which are currently in clinical trials. Interestingly, evidence indicates novel roles of APE1 in RNA metabolism that are still not fully understood, including its activity in processing damaged RNA in chemoresistant phenotypes, regulating onco-miRNA maturation, and oxidized RNA decay. Recent data point out a control role for APE1 in the expression and sorting of onco-miRNAs within secreted extracellular vesicles. This review is focused on giving a portrait of the pros and cons of the last two decades of research aiming at the identification of inhibitors of the redox or DNA-repair functions of APE1 for the definition of novel targeted therapies for cancer. We will discuss the new perspectives in cancer therapy emerging from the unexpected finding of the APE1 role in miRNA processing for personalized therapy.