bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serological markers and long COVID—A rapid systematic review
Authors: Collins Erin , Philippe Elizabeth , Gravel Christopher A. , Hawken Steven , Langlois Marc‐André , Little Julian
Published: December 2023

Background

Long COVID is highly heterogeneous, often debilitating, and may last for years after infection. The aetiology of long COVID remains uncertain. Examination of potential serological markers of long COVID, accounting for clinical covariates, may yield emergent pathophysiological insights.

Methods

In adherence to PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a rapid review of the literature. We searched Medline and Embase for primary observational studies that compared IgG response in individuals who experienced COVID‐19 symptoms persisting ≥12 weeks post‐infection with those who did not. We examined relationships between serological markers and long COVID status and investigated sources of inter‐study variability, such as severity of acute illness, long COVID symptoms assessed and target antigen(s).

Results

Of 8018 unique records, we identified 29 as being eligible for inclusion in synthesis. Definitions of long COVID varied. In studies that reported anti‐nucleocapsid (N) IgG (n = 10 studies; n = 989 participants in aggregate), full or partial anti‐Spike IgG (i.e. the whole trimer, S1 or S2 subgroups, or receptor binding domain, n = 19 studies; n = 2606 participants), or neutralizing response (n = 7 studies; n = 1123 participants), we did not find strong evidence to support any difference in serological markers between groups with and without persisting symptoms. However, most studies did not account for severity or level of care required during acute illness, and other potential confounders.

Conclusions

Pooling of studies would enable more robust exploration of clinical and serological predictors among diverse populations. However, substantial inter‐study variations hamper comparability. Standardized reporting practices would improve the quality, consistency and comprehension of study findings.
Kudzu vine (Pueraria montana var. lobata, Fabaceae): Invasive alien species of Union concern (EU Regulation 1143/2014) in Croatia
Authors: Boršić Igor , Kutleša Petra , de Groot Maarten , Jelaska Sven D.
Published: December 2023

Kudzu vine (Pueraria montana var. lobata; Fabaceae) was included on the list of invasive alien species of (European) Union concern in 2016, according to EU Regulation 1143/2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. In the Flora Croatica Database this species is recorded under its synonym Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. for Split (Central Dalmatia), so its presence in Croatia was overlooked until it was discovered in Malinska on the island of Krk in August 2018. Recent field observations confirm that, in addition to Malinska, it is also present in Šestanovac (Central Dalmatia), the Trsteno Arboretum and in Dubrovnik (South Dalmatia). Localities in Gradac and Seget (Central Dalmatia) were also recently discovered. Literature and herbaria data as well as internet resources indicate that kudzu vine has been historically grown as an ornamental species in Croatia. Considering its invasiveness as reported in several countries and its ornamental uses, other unknown localities of cultivated or naturalized kudzu vine could exist along the Croatian coast.
Neurotensin counteracts hair growth inhibition induced by chronic restraint stress
Authors: Chen Lingjing , Yu Qing , Guo Feiying , Wang Xuewen , Cai Zhenying , Zhou Qiang
Published: December 2023

Stress has been considered as a potential trigger for hair loss through the neuroendocrine‐hair follicle (HF) axis. Neurotensin (NTS), a neuropeptide, is known to be dysregulated in the inflammatory‐associated skin diseases. However, the precise role of NTS in stress‐induced hair loss is unclear. To investigate the function and potential mechanisms of NTS in stress‐induced hair growth inhibition, we initially detected the expression of neurotensin receptor (Ntsr) and NTS in the skin tissues of stressed mice by RNA‐sequencing and ELISA. We found chronic restraint stress (CRS) significantly decreased the expression of both NTS and Ntsr in the skin tissues of mice. Intracutaneous injection of NTS effectively counteracted CRS‐induced inhibition of hair growth in mice. Furthermore, NTS regulated a total of 1093 genes expression in human dermal papilla cells (HDPC), with 591 genes being up‐regulated and 502 genes being down‐regulated. GO analysis showed DNA replication, cell cycle, integral component of plasma membrane and angiogenesis‐associated genes were significantly regulated by NTS. KEGG enrichment demonstrated that NTS also regulated genes related to the Hippo signalling pathway, axon guidance, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and Wnt signalling pathway in HDPC. Our results not only uncovered the potential effects of NTS on stress‐induced hair growth inhibition but also provided an understanding of the mechanisms at the gene transcriptional level.
Spatiotemporal Variograms as Neighborhood Definers
Authors: Hurley Brendan J , Leslie Timothy F
Published: December 2023

Spatial neighborhood definitions are a consistent source of disagreement among geographic scholars. This research will focus on the implementation and evaluation of spatiotemporal variograms (STVs) as a source of spatial neighborhood definition. STVs show the similarity, measured by semivariance, of spatial events to each other when separated by time and space. Over both time and space, there should exist distances over which pairs of points become “independent” of one another. We seek seeks to answer two questions in relation to STVs and their use as neighborhood definitions: (1) What data and process adjustments are necessary to implement STVs to provide neighborhood search definitions in time and space, and (2) Given that there are many ways to define a neighborhood, STVs may provide a comprehensive method that uses the data themselves to inform the size and scope of neighborhoods, with the added advantage to evaluating both spatial and temporal axes at once. We demonstrate a well‐defined neighborhood that accounts for temporal variation as well as spatial and will be a needed addition as the tools incorporating simultaneous spatial and temporal neighborhoods are implemented.
Variations of theKjeldahlmethod for assessing nitrogen concentration in tropical forages
Authors: Quirino Daiana Francisca , Lima Nicole Stephane Abreu , Palma Malber Nathan Nobre , de Oliveira Franco Marcia , Detmann Edenio
Published: December 2023

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important components of feeds and its quantification allows estimating protein equivalents, an important characteristic for diet formulation in ruminant nutrition. We aimed to evaluate N recovery in tropical forages using the Kjeldahl method with modifications involving a pre‐digestion step with salicylic acid and, or a partial replacement of copper sulfate by titanium dioxide as a catalyst. Forty‐eight study materials (i.e., tropical forages) were evaluated. Kjeldahl standard procedure was based on acid digestion with sodium sulfate and copper sulfate (20:1), followed by steam distillation in sodium hydroxide and titration with hydrochloric acid. The Kjeldahl variations were: salicylic acid as pre‐treatment before digestion, titanium dioxide replacing 50% of copper sulfate as catalyst in the digestion mixture, and salicylic acid and titanium as described above. The Dumas method was used as standard method to verify N recovery through Kjeldahl procedures. The N concentrations of the study materials (Dumas method) ranged from 1.9 to 28.3 g/kg as‐is. We found that all the methods were strongly and positively associated with each other (p < .01). All Kjeldahl methods produced N concentrations different from those obtained by the Dumas method (p < .01). The N recovery ranged from 0.971 to 0.980 for the different Kjeldahl methods. However, we did not find any difference between the different Kjeldahl methods regarding N concentrations (p≥ .89). The N recovery of the Kjeldahl method is not influenced by a pre‐digestion with salicylic acid or by the partial replacement of copper sulfate with titanium dioxide as a catalyst.
BETWEEN THE ORBITS: TRANSLATING SHARON DODUA OTOO'S ADAS RAUM
Authors: Cho‐Polizzi Jon
Published: December 2023

This paper examines theoretical and practical questions involved in the translation of Sharon Dodua Otoo's transnational and polyphonic novel Adas Raum. Using translation theory and the Benjaminian notion of a translation's ‘Fortleben’, I build on my concept of ‘conversive reading’, as well as on extensive real‐time collaboration with Otoo and fellow translators to ask: How does one negotiate questions of identity, positionality and voice in a work whose narrative so intricately intertwines these dimensions? How can the literary inheritance which informs a source text influence its translation into the target language? To what extent must a successful translation move away from the source text to facilitate its nuances in the target language? Expanding on the experience and practice of translating this novel, I demonstrate that my understanding of translation as an ongoing process represents a renegotiation of the source – building upon a work's literary forebears and diverging, when necessary, from the language of the source to best facilitate voice and reception in the cultural context of the target language.
Superhydrophobic tin oxide nanostructures coated on copper plates: Wettability tuning by the etching medium
Authors: Amiri Elham Aghajanpour , Norouzbeig Reza , Velayi Elmira
Published: December 2023

In the current work, the chemical etching process and hydrothermal method were used to create bio‐inspired superhydrophobic fluorine‐free tin oxide nanostructures on copper plates. Taguchi's experimental design was also used in investigating coating wettability characteristics based on fabrication parameters. Statistical analysis results demonstrated that the optimal superhydrophobic sample with a water contact angle of 163.40° ± 1.42° and contact angle hysteresis of 3.00° ± 0.80° could be fabricated under the following conditions: sodium hydroxide (2.00 M) as an etching solution, urea‐to‐tin chloride ratio 2.5:1, and 2.00 h reaction times. The effects of each synthesis parameter on the obtained sample's superhydrophobicity were evaluated through multiple one‐variable‐at‐a‐time experiments. Testing the chemical stability of the optimal sample revealed that it was more resistant to deterioration in an alkaline environment (8–10) than in an acidic environment (4–6). The resulting superhydrophobic sample was analyzed by a delay test for water droplets freezing on its surface to determine whether ice formed and accumulated. The created bio‐inspired honeycomb‐like nanocoating demonstrated exceptional mechanical robustness and good anti‐icing performance after 10 consecutive icing cycles. These results indicated that superhydrophobic coatings could be easily and economically produced without using fluoropolymers and silanes on aluminum substrates.
Influence of sintering atmosphere on the formation of ZrSiO4 by solid‐state sintering method
Authors: Dan Hui , Li Jiajing , Zhao Dandan , Lei Hongyue , Guo Zhongxiang , Xiang Yucheng , Chen Yisheng , Ding Yi
Published: December 2023

Exploring the influence of sintering atmosphere on the formation of ZrSiO4 is of great significance. Herein, ZrSiO4 ceramics were prepared by the solid‐state reactive sintering method under different atmospheres (air, N2, vacuum, and Ar + 5%H2). The influence of sintering atmosphere on the phase and microstructure evolutions of the obtained ceramics was investigated. It was found that ZrSiO4 ceramics could be prepared under air atmosphere, whereas ZrO2–SiO2 glass ceramics were obtained under N2, vacuum, and Ar + 5%H2 atmosphere, which may be due to the fact that the oxygen‐deficient environment inhibits the transformation of ZrO2 to tetragonal phase (t‐ZrO2) and the crystallization of amorphous SiO2. The results demonstrated that t‐ZrO2 and c‐SiO2 were beneficial for the formation of ZrSiO4. The ZrSiO4 conversion fraction was up to 96.16% under air atmosphere at 1450°C for 6 h. Furthermore, the predominant formation mechanism of ZrSiO4 was the reaction between t‐ZrO2 and c‐SiO2.
Energy‐storage properties of (0.7Bi0.65Na0.35Fe0.3Ti0.7O3–0.3Sr0.85Bi0.1TiO3)–NaTaO3 relaxor under low electric fields
Authors: Yang Yang , Ren Pengrong , Ma Ning , Li Xiangyuan , Qi Xiangcheng , Wan Yuhui
Published: December 2023

Currently, the energy‐storage properties of dielectric ceramic capacitors have aroused wide attention; however, most materials exhibiting excellent energy‐storage properties are based on high electric fields, which increase the cost of insulation technology. Herein, the energy‐storage and charge–discharge properties of (1 − x)(0.7Bi0.65Na0.35Fe0.3Ti0.7O3–0.3Sr0.85Bi0.1TiO3)–xNaTaO3 (x = 0.03–0.18, abbreviated as 100xNT) ceramics are investigated. 9NT achieves superior energy‐storage properties under a low electric field of 210 kV/cm, with an energy‐storage density (Wrec) of 3.44 J/cm3 and efficiency (η) of 86.6%. The energy‐storage properties exhibit excellent frequency stability in 3–100 Hz as well as temperature stability between 25 and 175°C. Furthermore, the charge–discharge performance features a high‐power density (PD = 67.04 MW/cm3), and an ultrafast discharge speed (t0.9 = 52 ns). This work paves a new way to explore energy‐storage competitive materials under low electric fields.
Mental health literacy in Polynesian Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders
Authors: Snow Kealoha Sarah Reiko , Merrill Katreena , Macintosh Janelle , Thomas Michael , Miles Leslie
Published: December 2023

The high prevalence of mental health problems and underutilization of mental health treatment are more severe among the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) populations and remain misunderstood and understudied. Examining mental health literacy (MHL) – the knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders – aids their recognition, management, or prevention – has been shown to identify barriers to seeking and receiving care. This study aimed to assess the level of MHL in NHPIs and identify associated demographic variables. Data for this cross‐sectional study were collected from 298 US NHPIs via an online questionnaire of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS). The overall mean MHLS score was 121 (SD = 17.3), with statistically significant higher scores in female participants, >31 years old, Tongan, more educated, and with higher income. This study demonstrated that overall MHL is comparable among NHPI compared to the current literature. However, NHPI men ≤30 years old and with lower income had lower MHL, which may be linked to the mental health disparities specific to this population. Current interventions should focus on increasing knowledge of risk factors, causes, self‐treatments, and available professional help regarding mental disorders. Efforts to improve the MHL of NHPI should target men ≤30 years with lower income (<$50 000).
Morphology and formation mechanism of cracks in Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic ceramics fabricated via laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Kai , Chen Dan , Liu Tingting , Xiong Zhiwei , Li Shurui , Li Fazhi , Zhu Zhiguang
Published: December 2023

The cracks in Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic ceramics produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) have a significant impact on their practical applications in various industries. In order to understand the factors influencing crack formation, a systematic study of the characterization and propagation of cracks in single‐track, multi‐track, and bulk samples by varying the process parameters has been carried out in this research. The results showed that parallel cracks can be healed by reducing the scanning spacing and scanning length. Additionally, it was found that using a modest scanning speed and a shorter length can minimize the accumulation of thermal stress, resulting in the suppress crack formation. Based on this conclusion, a crack‐free Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic ceramic sample was finally obtained under the optimized parameters with the power of 100 W, the scanning speed of 100 mm/s, the hatch spacing of 100 μm, the scanning length of 3 mm, and the layer thickness of 50 μm. Additionally, three typical microstructures, including eutectic, cellular, and dendritic structures, were identified in the LPBF‐fabricated Al2O3–ZrO2 samples. The cellular microstructure showed improved crack inhibition capability due to the deflection and pinning effects. Cracks expand more easily in dendritic and eutectic microstructures, where anisotropy is more prominent.
Dielectric, energy storage, and charge–discharge properties of Yb‐modified Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramic
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Zhao Peng , Si Feng , Zhang Shuren , Fang Zixuan , Tang Bin
Published: December 2023

Dielectric capacitors have been widely studied in advanced electronics systems due to their rapid discharge rate and high‐power density. Among them, relaxor ferroelectrics characterized by nanodomains possess broad application prospects as dielectric materials with high energy density and high efficiency. In this paper, the dielectric characteristics, energy storage performance, and charge–discharge behavior of rare‐earth Yb‐doped Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 ceramics are systematically investigated. The Yb‐doped SBT ceramics reduced the grain size, improved the insulation and thermal conductivity, and significantly improved the dielectric breakdown strength. Finally, a high recoverable energy density of 2.32 J/cm3 and an excellent energy storage efficiency of 92.2% were obtained at 300 kV/cm. In addition, pulsed charge–discharge tests show that Sr0.7Bi0.15Yb0.05TiO3 possesses a rapid discharge rate and high‐power density with superior thermal stability. Based on these outstanding characteristics, Sr0.7Bi0.15Yb0.05TiO3 exhibits promising applications in pulsed power systems.
Effects of phase transition on the dynamic discharge energy density of antiferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Wang Gang , Qiao Feng , Zhang Ling , Li Yingxuan , Wang Mengjiao , Zhu Qingshan , Xu Ran , Xu Zhuo , Feng Yujun , Wei Xiaoyong
Published: December 2023

Antiferroelectrics (AFEs) are widely used for energy storage capacitors. At present, there are two methods to evaluate the energy density of AFE: the recoverable energy density Wre calculated by the low‐frequency P–E loop and the dynamic discharge energy density Wdis calculated by the fast discharge current. It has been widely observed that the value of Wdis is lower than Wre but less attention was paid to how to increase Wdis. Compared with Wre, the value of Wdis is closer to the energy density of AFE pulse capacitors in practical applications. In this work, the effects of phase transition properties on the dynamic discharge energy density were studied from the aspect of domain switching mobility. Compositions with P–E loop varying from “square” to “slant” were fabricated. It was found that in AFEs with “square” P–E loops, the recoverable energy density Wre was remarkably higher than Wdis. By modifying the P–E loops to long slim, the value of Wdis tended to be close to Wre, resulting in higher dynamic discharge energy efficiency. This indicates that by adjusting the P–E loop, higher Wdis can be achieved in AFE with lower Wre. The AFEs with long slim P–E loops also have faster discharge speeds, leading to higher power density. The outstanding fast discharge performance of AFEs with long slim P–E loops originated from their faster domain mobility and less viscous force during domain switching. This work provides a new approach to designing the AFEs energy storage materials by tuning their dynamic phase‐transition properties and domain mobility.
Interventions to support nurses as second victims of patient safety incidents: A qualitative study of nurse managers' perceptions
Authors: Järvisalo Paula , Haatainen Kaisa , Von Bonsdorff Monika , Turunen Hannele , Härkänen Marja
Published: December 2023

Aims

To describe nurse managers' perceptions of interventions to support nurses as second victims of patient safety incidents and to describe the management of interventions and ways to improve them.

Design

A qualitative study using interviews.

Methods

A purposive sample of nurse managers (n = 16) recruited from three hospital districts in Finland was interviewed in 2021. The data were analysed using elements of inductive and deductive content analysis.

Results

The study identified three main categories: (1) Management of second victim support, which contained three sub‐categories related to the nurse manager's role, support received by the nurse manager and challenges of support management; (2) interventions to support second victims included existing interventions and operating models; and (3) improving second victim support, based on the sub‐categories developing practices and developing an open and non‐blaming patient safety culture.

Conclusion

Nurse managers play a crucial role in supporting nurses as second victims of patient safety incidents and coordinating additional support. Operating models for managing interventions could facilitate nurse managers' work and ensure adequate support for second victims. The support could be improved by increasing the awareness of the second victim phenomenon.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

Mitigating the harmful effects of patient safety incidents can improve nurses' well‐being, reduce burden and attrition risks and positively impact patient safety.

Impact

Increasing awareness of the second victim phenomenon and coherent operation models would provide equal support for the nurses and facilitate nurse managers' work.

Reporting Method

COREQ checklist was used.

What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?

Nurse managers' role is significant in supporting the second victims and coordinating additional support.

Awareness of the second victim phenomenon and coherent operating models can secure adequate support for the nurses and facilitate nurse managers' work.
Re‐imagining of an undergraduate, second‐degree entry, accelerated nursing program's curriculum utilizing a postmodern, learner‐centred lens and a concept‐based framework
Authors: Pere Katalin , Manankil‐Rankin Louela , Zarins Baiba , Theriault Krysia , Lim Angie
Published: December 2023

Introduction

It is necessary to re‐imagine nursing curriculums utilizing a postmodern approach, as outdated teacher‐centred methods of nursing education with emphasis on memorization versus critical thinking no longer meet the needs of the contemporary learner and the current challenges of the healthcare environment. There is an explicit need to redesign nursing curriculums that are future‐oriented, adaptive and flexible and serve the learners' best interests.

Background

Distilled from a decade of teaching experience in an undergraduate, second‐degree entry, accelerated nursing program, this paper describes the construction of a learner‐centred, postmodern, concept‐based nursing curriculum that aims to foster learners' inquiry skills, critical thinking, problem‐solving, and experiential learning—all which develop learners' autonomy, self‐direction, and lifelong learning. The objective is to foster learners' transformational and emancipatory learning and metacognition.

Discussion

An extensive review of the current trends, contemporary nursing knowledge for the past decade (2013–2023), and seminal literature on theories and frameworks paralleled with the review of current and future trends in Canadian and global health care, including the socio‐economic, politico and environmental contexts, led to the formulation of a concept‐based curriculum. Grounded in the constructivist paradigm, the curriculum applies interperetivist, critical, feminist, and indigenous lenses. The Strength‐Based Nursing framework was selected as the core guiding framework. The curriculum's four curricular themes and foundational pillars were adopted directly from the framework to provide a starting point for concept development. These initial themes were then juxtaposed with relevant nursing, and social theories, policies, and frameworks, ensuring a robust coverage of modern nursing knowledge and allowing for the core concepts of the curriculum to emerge. A total of 21 concepts and 192 sub‐concepts were developed.

Conclusion

Implications for future practice require nursing educators to receive support and professional development opportunities in developing skills and confidence in entering a classroom as co‐learners and facilitators.
Building upstream supplier capabilities for downstream customization: The role of collaboration capital
Authors: Madhavaram Sreedhar , Hall Kenneth , Ghosh Amit K. , Badrinarayanan Vishag
Published: December 2023

Offering highly customized products and services is an attractive strategic option for firms in business‐to‐business (B2B) markets. However, as effective customization for downstream customers requires significant reliance on upstream suppliers, capabilities of upstream suppliers become central to firm strategies to produce customized offerings. Despite the importance of upstream supplier capabilities for downstream customization, there is a scarcity of research on how firms build their suppliers' capabilities for effective customization. Building on the foundations of research streams on customization, capabilities, and collaboration, this research tests a model which illustrates that (i) upstream supplier capabilities can result in positive customization outcomes for downstream markets and (ii) a firm's collaboration capital can build upstream supplier capabilities directly and also indirectly through supplier communication. Analyses of data collected from 189 organizations that extensively engage in downstream customization reveal the role of collaboration capital—conceptualized as a higher order factor with collaboration orientation, collaborative flexibility, and collaborative communication as first‐order dimensions—in building upstream supplier capabilities for downstream customization. We conclude with a delineation of the contributions, theoretical and practical implications, and limitations of this research.
Identification and validation of N7‐methylguanosine‐associated gene NCBP1 as prognostic and immune‐associated biomarkers in breast cancer patients
Authors: Li Jianrong , Zheng Lin , Song Liying , Dong Zhuanxia , Bai Wenqi , Qi Liqiang
Published: December 2023

We intend to evaluate the importance of N7‐methylguanosine (m7G) for the prognosis of breast cancer (BC). We gained 29 m7G‐related genes from the published literature and among them, 16 m7G‐related genes were found to have differential expression. Five differentially expressed genes (CYFIP1, EIF4E, EIF4E3, NCBP1 and WDR4) were linked to overall survival. This suggests that m7G‐related genes might be prognostic or therapeutic targets for BC patients. We put the five genes to LASSO regression analysis to create a four‐gene signature, including EIF4E, EIF4E3, WDR4 and NCBP1, that divides samples into two risky groups. Survival was drastically worsened in a high‐risk group (p < 0.001). The signature's predictive capacity was demonstrated using ROC (10‐year AUC 0.689; 10‐year AUC 0.615; 3‐year AUC 0.602). We found that immune status was significantly different between the two risk groups. In particular, NCBP1 also has a poor prognosis, with higher diagnostic value in ROC. NCBP1 also has different immune states according to its high or low expression. Meanwhile, knockdown of NCBP1 suppresses BC malignancy in vitro. Therefore, m7G RNA regulators are crucial participants in BC and four‐gene mRNA levels are important predictors of prognosis. NCBP1 plays a critical target of m7G mechanism in BC.
Multiple myeloma, haematologic malignancy and immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory medications are associated with sebaceous carcinoma, a pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Jedlowski Patrick M. , DuPont Jason P.
Published: December 2023

Background

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare skin cancer with significant associated morbidity and mortality. A known association exists between immunosuppression, in particular solid organ transplant patients (SOTR), and SC. However, the comparative reporting odds ratios (ROR) of different immunosuppressive medications and SC are incompletely defined.

Objectives

To examine the relationship between SC and medication exposure in the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Methods

Case–control analyses were performed in FAERS from 1968 to 2021 to examine the reporting odds ratios (ROR) for SC.

Results

A total of 58 medication‐associated SC cases were identified. Immunosuppressant medication exposure was noted in 81% cases, with 20% total cases occurring in SOTR. Medications affecting the TNF‐ α ‐IL‐1‐IL‐2‐IL‐6 inflammatory axis were associated with elevated ROR for SC, including thalidomide (ROR 22.63, 95% CI 5.52–92.72), lenalidomide (ROR 10.86, 95% CI 4.93–23.94), cyclosporine, tacrolimus, tocilizumab, tofacitinib and ruxolitinib. Thirty per cent of cases of SC occurred with an associated haematologic malignancy or dyscrasia, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

Conclusions

SC is associated with exposure to immunosuppressive medications, especially in SOTR patients. A significant portion of cases with SC had an associated haematology malignancy, in particular multiple myeloma with exposure to lenalidomide.
Alpelisib decreases nevocytes of congenital melanocytic nevi
Authors: Tomás‐Velázquez Alejandra , López‐Gutiérrez Juan Carlos , de Andrea Carlos , Reyes‐Múgica Miguel , Salgado Claudia M. , Redondo Pedro
Published: December 2023

Background

Multiple, large or giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are uncommon and affected patients can show progressive growth and thickening, associate neurocutaneous melanocytosis or develop melanoma. Current treatment modalities are mostly complex surgeries that frequently do not solve the disease and its risks completely. Thus, investigation on new treatment options for CMN and its complications must continue. MAPK pathway inhibitors are being investigated, also targeting PI3K‐AKT. Omipalisib (PI3K inhibitor, with no indications approved yet) has been studied for CMN in vitro and in mice with promising results. However, alpelisib, a PI3K inhibitor approved with an adequate safety profile for patients with severe manifestations of PROS (PIK3CA‐Related Overgrowth Spectrum), had not yet been tested for CMN.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of alpelisib in nevocytes of congenital melanocytic nevi.

Methods

Nevomelanocytic tissue samples of 10 patients were collected prospectively and, following a previously reported preclinical ex vivo model, explants were placed in organotypic culture for 5 days, with or without alpelisib. Consecutively, tissue sections were stained and using scanned images with Qupath and ImageJ softwares, representative regions from the dermis were analysed (using Wilcoxon test and Spearman's correlation).

Results

When comparing alpelisib‐treated explants with respect to control explants, we found a decrease in cell density (p = 0.0273), in density of SOX10+‐cells (p = 0.0391) and also in the % of S‐100+ area (p = 0.0078), in alpelisib samples. The three markers showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study provides first‐time evidence that alpelisib induces nevocyte reduction in CMN from patient‐derived explants, probably inducted by autophagy. Alpelisib is an approved drug with an adequate safety profile used in another mosaicism affecting PI3K (PROS). Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy in treating CMN and potentially, their complications, either with local or systemic administration, alone or in combination.
Combined untargeted and targeted lipidomics approaches reveal potential biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Tian Chao‐Yang , Yang Qun‐Hui , Lv Hai‐Zhou , Yue Feng , Zhou Fei‐Fan
Published: December 2023

Background

The significantly increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over the last few decades triggers the demands of T2DM animal models to explore the pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of the disease. The altered lipid metabolism may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. However, the characterization of molecular lipid species in fasting serum related to T2DM cynomolgus monkeys is still underrecognized.

Methods

Untargeted and targeted LC–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS‐based lipidomics approaches were applied to characterize and compare the fasting serum lipidomic profiles of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys and the healthy controls.

Results

Multivariate analysis revealed that 196 and 64 lipid molecules differentially expressed in serum samples using untargeted and targeted lipidomics as the comparison between the disease group and healthy group, respectively. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of differential serum lipid metabolites obtained by untargeted and targeted lipidomics approaches, four common serum lipid species (phosphatidylcholine [18:0_22:4], lysophosphatidylcholine [14:0], phosphatidylethanolamine [PE] [16:1_18:2], and PE [18:0_22:4]) were identified as potential biomarkers and all of which were found to be downregulated. By analyzing the metabolic pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism was associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys.

Conclusion

The study found that four downregulated serum lipid species could serve as novel potential biomarkers of T2DM cynomolgus monkeys. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was filtered out as the potential therapeutic target pathway of T2DM progression. Our results showed that the identified biomarkers may offer a novel tool for tracking disease progression and response to therapeutic interventions.
Proteomics analysis of the brain from a Gaucher disease mouse identifies pathological pathways including a possible role for transglutaminase 1
Authors: Blumenreich Shani , Ben‐Yashar Doreen Padan , Shalit Tali , Kupervaser Meital , Milenkovic Ivan , Joseph Tammar , Futerman Anthony H.
Published: December 2023

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by the defective activity of acid β‐glucosidase (GCase) which results from mutations in GBA1. Neurological forms of GD (nGD) can be generated in mice by intra‐peritoneal injection of conduritol B‐epoxide (CBE) which irreversibly inhibits GCase. Using this approach, a number of pathological pathways have been identified in mouse brain by RNAseq. However, unlike transcriptomics, proteomics gives direct information about protein expression which is more likely to provide insight into which cellular pathways are impacted in disease. We now perform non‐targeted, mass spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomics on brains from mice injected with 50 mg/kg body weight CBE for 13 days. Of the 5038 detected proteins, 472 were differentially expressed between control and CBE‐injected mice of which 104 were selected for further analysis based on higher stringency criteria. We also compared these proteins with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by RNAseq. Some lysosomal proteins were up‐regulated as was interferon signaling, whereas levels of ion channel related proteins and some proteins associated with neurotransmitter signaling were reduced, as was cholesterol metabolism. One protein, transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), which is elevated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, was absent from the control group but was found at high levels in CBE‐injected mice, and located in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in layer V of the cortex and intracellularly in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Together, the proteomics data confirm previous RNAseq data and add additional mechanistic understanding about cellular pathways that may play a role in nGD pathology.
How Integrated are Credit and Equity Markets? Evidence from Index Options
Authors: COLLIN‐DUFRESNE PIERRE , JUNGE BENJAMIN , TROLLE ANDERS B.
Published: December 2023

We study the extent to which credit index (CDX) options are priced consistent with S&P 500 (SPX) equity index options. We derive analytical expressions for CDX and SPX options within a structural credit‐risk model with stochastic volatility and jumps using new results for pricing compound options via multivariate affine transform analysis. The model captures many aspects of the joint dynamics of CDX and SPX options. However, it cannot reconcile the relative levels of option prices, suggesting that credit and equity markets are not fully integrated. A strategy of selling CDX volatility yields significantly higher excess returns than selling SPX volatility.
Survival of temporomandibular total joint replacement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lima Felipe Gomes Gonçalves Peres , Rios Larissa Gonçalves Cunha , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Vieira Walbert A. , Zanetta‐Barbosa Darceny
Published: December 2023

Background

Prosthetic total joint replacement has been incorporated as a treatment for complex temporomandibular disorder; however, the survival of those devices is unknown.

Objective

To assess the survival rate of the total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prothesis and their main causes of failure.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted in eight databases until March 2023. Prospective studies reporting the survival rate of total TMJ prothesis with a minimum follow‐up of 12 months were included. Studies with partial TMJ prostheses or those no longer available on the market were excluded. Two reviewers assessed the individual risk of bias using the JBI Systematic Reviews for Quasi‐experimental studies tool. Meta‐analysis of proportions was conducted to summarise the survival rate, using 95% confidence intervals (CI). The GRADE approach assessed the certainty of the body of evidence.

Results

Data from 320 patients were collected from six prospective studies. The number of prothesis losses varied from none to four. All studies presented sources of bias related to follow‐up description of the patients. The follow‐up time varied from 12 months to 21 years. In most of the studies, prosthesis failure occurred within the first 6 months after surgery due to infection. The overall survival of total TMJ protheses was 97% (95% CI: 95%; 99%), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 29%) and a very low certainty of evidence.

Conclusion

TMJ total prosthesis apparently is a safe procedure with a high survival rate and the evidence is very uncertain and presents important sources of bias.
Low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields alleviate the condylar cartilage degeneration and synovitis at the early stage of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Ma Yuanjun , He Feng , Chen Xiaohua , Zhou Shuncheng , He Rui , Liu Qian , Yang Hongxu , Zhang Jing , Zhang Mian , Miao Hui , Yu Shibin
Published: December 2023

Background

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and progressive synovitis. How to effectively inhibit TMJOA in the early stage has been a hot topic in the biomedical field. As a non‐invasive physiotherapy, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment has shown great potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in extremity joints.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the biological effect of PEMF intervention on TMJ cartilage degeneration and synovium inflammation at the early stage of TMJOA.

Methods

PEMF (2.0 mT, 15 Hz, 2 h/day) treatment was given to rats in which TMJOA was induced by applying the unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC). Histological and immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL assay, real‐time PCR and western blotting assay were performed to detect the changes of the morphology and the expression of pro‐inflammatory and degradative factors in condylar cartilage and synovium.

Results

Obvious condylar cartilage degeneration, characterized by decreased cartilage thickness, degraded cartilage extracellular matrix, increased expression of pro‐inflammatory and degradative factors (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐5, IL‐6, MMP‐3, MMP‐9 and COL‐X) and increased chondrocytes death, was observed in UAC group, accompanied by synovium hyperplasia and up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory and degradative factors in synovium. PEMF intervention reversed the decreased cartilage thickness at 3 weeks and degraded cartilage extracellular matrix at 6 weeks. Moreover, the up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory, degradative and hypertrophyic factors and chondrocytes death in condylar cartilage induced by UAC were inhibited to some extent. In addition, the synovium hyperplasia and the up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory and degradative factors in synovium were inhibited at 3 weeks and 6 weeks.

Conclusions

Appropriate PEMF stimulation can reverse the loss of cartilage extracellular matrix, the chondrocytes death, the increased expression of pro‐inflammatory and degradative factors in cartilage, the decreased cartilage thickness and synovium inflammation induced by UAC at the early stage of TMJOA to some extent. PEMF stimulation may be a promising method in clinical TMJOA treatment.
Evaluation of School Wellness Policies in Low‐Income California Districts After the 2016 USDA Final Rule
Authors: LoPresto Lynnea M. , Cassady Diana L. , Dove Melanie S.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Districts with federal nutrition programs must have an updated local school wellness policy (LSWP) to promote nutrition, physical activity, and student wellness. This study evaluates factors associated with LSWP quality among low‐income districts.

METHODS

In 2018, we collected LSWPs from websites of 200 randomly selected, county‐stratified, low‐income‐serving California public districts. Multivariable linear regression assessed associations between district characteristics, model LSWP use (national, state, none), and adoption date on policy quality.

RESULTS

On the WellSAT 3.0 scale of 0‐100, mean (95% CI) comprehensiveness was 65.0 (63.2‐66.7) and strength was 37.3 (35.3‐39.2). Nearly verbatim adoption of model LSWPs was high (68.5% state model, 13.0% a national model). Half were adopted before mandated updates. District size (≥1000 students) and national model LSWP adoption were associated with higher comprehensive scores. National model LSWP adoption was associated with higher strength scores in updated policies compared with those not updated.

IMPLICATIONS

LSWPs have improved school food and activity environments, but district engagement in LSWP is low. Integration into education frameworks that reduce learning barriers could provide synergy for re‐engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

High adoption of model policies and low update compliance indicate little district engagement in LSWP. Mixed methods studies of districts with high‐quality LSWP are needed.
Perception and acceptance of natural sweeteners in a plant‐based cocoa‐flavored ice cream: Difference between Danish and Brazilian consumers
Authors: Lacerda Risia C. C. , Andersen Glenn H. , Junge Jonas Yde , Kidmose Ulla , Bolini Helena M. A.
Published: December 2023

This research investigated cross‐cultural differences in acceptance of a plant‐based cocoa‐flavored ice cream iso‐sweetened with different natural sweeteners among Danish and Brazilian consumers. Ideal sweetness, equi‐sweetness, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), and consumer affective tests were carried out. Results were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey's means test (p ≤ .05). For consumer tests, Danish consumers (n = 120) and Brazilian consumers (n = 120) evaluated seven samples of a plant‐based cocoa‐flavored ice cream iso‐sweetened with sucrose, blends of sucrose and xylitol (25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively), stevia 95% rebaudioside A, stevia 60% rebaudioside A, and a blend of stevia and xylitol (50%). No significant difference in overall liking was found between the blends of sucrose and xylitol. Samples sweetened with stevia rebaudioside A 95% and 60%, and a blend of stevia rebaudioside A 95% with xylitol 50% were rejected by Danish consumers, whereas Brazilian consumers liked them a little better (5.08, 4.63, and 4.92, respectively), even though there was no significant difference among them (p > .05).

Practical Applications

This study showed that it is possible to reduce sugar content and increase liking in this plant‐based ice cream matrix by replacing sucrose with xylitol. This emphasizes that the replacement will work in some places, but in others, it will not make a difference in acceptance; thus, it is a win for the food industry. The results obtained from specific groups require further studies on applying them to different consumers. The differences and similarities in acceptance between Danish and Brazilian consumers for natural sweeteners‐sweetened plant‐based ice cream emphasize the importance of performing a consumer acceptance study with consumers to whom the products under study are intended.
The impact of urbanisation on chipmunks, arboreal and flying squirrels: a global systematic review
Authors: Tranquillo Claudia , Bisi Francesco , Wauters Lucas A. , Preatoni Damiano , Martinoli Adriano , Santicchia Francesca
Published: December 2023

The current, rapid urbanisation process impacts global biodiversity and can be a driver for phenotypic changes in mammals that persist in cities. Animals display different response strategies in urban environments compared to natural areas, but patterns may differ among species. To better comprehend this process, we focused on a limited number of species that are present in many urban green spaces around the globe.

The aim of this systematic review is to investigate which response strategies chipmunks, arboreal and flying squirrels use to cope with urban environments, exploring whether there are general response patterns, and to reveal potential adaptations to life in urban areas. We included studies that compared trait differences among conspecifics living in different areas along an urbanisation gradient (rural–urban) and studies comparing individuals or populations between urban areas with different environmental characteristics.

The effects of urbanisation on chipmunks, arboreal and flying squirrels, at the individual and at the population levels, were identified in nine topics. Included articles explored at least one of these topics and their key findings were described.

Effects of urbanisation are evident in all considered topics. However, we found contrasting patterns between species or even among individuals of the same species studied in different geographical areas. Overall, we reported two knowledge gaps: some phenotypic traits were considered in few studies, and many species, especially those living in the Global South, where urban growth rate is higher, have not been studied.

This systematic review suggests that urbanisation can be an important driver for adaptation in small mammals, underlining the complexity and differentiation of response patterns. Since target species have important ecological and social roles, additional comparative studies, increasing our understanding of processes that determine their presence in cities, are essential for urban green planning which aims to conserve biodiversity.