bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table S4 from Epigenetic Reprogramming Sensitizes CML Stem Cells to Combined EZH2 and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition
Authors: Scott Mary T. , Korfi Koorosh , Saffrey Peter , Hopcroft Lisa E.M. , Kinstrie Ross , Pellicano Francesca , Guenther Carla , Gallipoli Paolo , Cruz Michelle , Dunn Karen , Jorgensen Heather G. , Cassels Jennifer E. , Hamilton Ashley , Crossan Andrew , Sinclair Amy , Holyoake Tessa L. , Vetrie David
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table S4. Comparison of the efficacy of EZH2i with inhibitors of other novel CML drug targets (4-15) in like-for-like assays.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Targeting Translation Initiation Bypasses Signaling Crosstalk Mechanisms That Maintain High MYC Levels in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wiegering Armin , Uthe Friedrich W. , Jamieson Thomas , Ruoss Yvonne , Hüttenrauch Melanie , Küspert Maritta , Pfann Christina , Nixon Colin , Herold Steffi , Walz Susanne , Taranets Lyudmyla , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Rosenwald Andreas , Sansom Owen J. , Eilers Martin
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 7. Additional characterization of silvestrol and BEZ235 effects in vivo.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting Translation Initiation Bypasses Signaling Crosstalk Mechanisms That Maintain High MYC Levels in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wiegering Armin , Uthe Friedrich W. , Jamieson Thomas , Ruoss Yvonne , Hüttenrauch Melanie , Küspert Maritta , Pfann Christina , Nixon Colin , Herold Steffi , Walz Susanne , Taranets Lyudmyla , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Rosenwald Andreas , Sansom Owen J. , Eilers Martin
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 2. Effect of BEZ235 on MYC-dependent gene expression in colorectal cancer cell lines.
Supplementary Table S6 from Immunogenomics of Hypermutated Glioblastoma: A Patient with Germline POLE Deficiency Treated with Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Miller Christopher A. , Dorward Ian G. , Tsien Christina , Chang Edward , Perry Arie , Uppaluri Ravindra , Ferguson Cole , Schmidt Robert E. , Dahiya Sonika , Ansstas George , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: April 2023

Clonal clustering assignments generated from sciClone.
Supplementary Data from Combined Proteomic and Genetic Interaction Mapping Reveals New RAS Effector Pathways and Susceptibilities
Authors: Kelly Marcus R. , Kostyrko Kaja , Han Kyuho , Mooney Nancie A. , Jeng Edwin E. , Spees Kaitlyn , Dinh Phuong T. , Abbott Keene L. , Gwinn Dana M. , Sweet-Cordero E. Alejandro , Bassik Michael C. , Jackson Peter K.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Methods, Descriptions of Supplementary Tables, Supplementary Figures, Supplementary References
Table S5 from The Folate Cycle Enzyme MTHFR Is a Critical Regulator of Cell Response to MYC-Targeting Therapies
Authors: Su Angela , Ling Frank , Vaganay Camille , Sodaro Gaetano , Benaksas Chaïma , Dal Bello Reinaldo , Forget Antoine , Pardieu Bryann , Lin Kevin H. , Rutter Justine C. , Bassil Christopher F. , Fortin Gael , Pasanisi Justine , Antony-Debré Iléana , Alexe Gabriela , Benoist Jean-François , Pruvost Alain , Pikman Yana , Qi Jun , Schlageter Marie-Hélène , Micol Jean-Baptiste , Roti Giovanni , Cluzeau Thomas , Dombret Hervé , Preudhomme Claude , Fenouille Nina , Benajiba Lina , Golan Hava M. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Lobry Camille , Wood Kris C. , Itzykson Raphael , Puissant Alexandre
Published: April 2023

List of Top Differentially Regulated Metabolites.
Table S3 from The Folate Cycle Enzyme MTHFR Is a Critical Regulator of Cell Response to MYC-Targeting Therapies
Authors: Su Angela , Ling Frank , Vaganay Camille , Sodaro Gaetano , Benaksas Chaïma , Dal Bello Reinaldo , Forget Antoine , Pardieu Bryann , Lin Kevin H. , Rutter Justine C. , Bassil Christopher F. , Fortin Gael , Pasanisi Justine , Antony-Debré Iléana , Alexe Gabriela , Benoist Jean-François , Pruvost Alain , Pikman Yana , Qi Jun , Schlageter Marie-Hélène , Micol Jean-Baptiste , Roti Giovanni , Cluzeau Thomas , Dombret Hervé , Preudhomme Claude , Fenouille Nina , Benajiba Lina , Golan Hava M. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Lobry Camille , Wood Kris C. , Itzykson Raphael , Puissant Alexandre
Published: April 2023

Characteristics of MLL-rearranged AML patient samples used in this study.
Supplementary NGS Datasets from CRISPR-GEMM Pooled Mutagenic Screening Identifies KMT2D as a Major Modulator of Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Wang Guangchuan , Chow Ryan D. , Zhu Lvyun , Bai Zhigang , Ye Lupeng , Zhang Feifei , Renauer Paul A. , Dong Matthew B. , Dai Xiaoyun , Zhang Xiaoya , Du Yaying , Cheng Yujing , Niu Leilei , Chu Zhiyuan , Kim Kristin , Liao Cun , Clark Paul , Errami Youssef , Chen Sidi
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Datasets Data 1: Sample metadata from AAV-mTSG liver screen. Data 2: Filtered sgRNA-level mutation frequencies Data 3: Gene-level average mutation frequencies Data 4: Gene-level mutation frequencies, averaged by treatment group Data 5: Results of t-tests comparing mutation frequencies: aPD1 vs PBS, or aCTLA4 vs PBS Data 6: Summary of KMT2D mutations in pan-cancer cohort Data 7: Correlation between KMT2D expression and macrophage abundance in TCGA cohorts Data 8: Correlation between KMT2D and GZMB expression in TCGA cohorts Data 9: Correlation between KMT2D and GZMA expression in TCGA cohorts Data 10: Correlation between KMT2D and CD14 expression in TCGA cohorts Data 11: Composite list of genes positively correlated with KMT2D across TCGA cohorts Data 12: Composite list of genes negatively correlated with KMT2D across TCGA cohorts Data 13: Summary of exome sequencing analysis Data 14: Association between KMT2D mutation status and total mutation burden in TCGA cohorts Data 15: Differential accessibility analysis by DESeq, sgKmt2d vs Vector (-IFN-γ) Data 16: Motif analysis of regions more accessible in sgKmt2d vs Vector Data 17: Motif analysis of regions less accessible in sgKmt2d vs Vector Data 18: Differential accessibility analysis by DESeq, sgKmt2d + IFN-γ vs - IFN-γ Data 19: Differential accessibility analysis by DESeq, Vector + IFN-γ vs - IFN-γ Data 20: List of genomic regions in each of the six clusters Data 21: Motif analysis of C1 regions Data 22: Motif analysis of C4 regions Data 23: Motif analysis of C3 regions Data 24: Motif analysis of C5 regions Data 25: Differential expression analysis of RNAseq, sgKmt2d vs Vector Data 26: DAVID gene ontology analysis of genes upregulated in sgKmt2d vs Vector Data 27: DAVID gene ontology analysis of genes downregulated in sgKmt2d vs Vector Data 28: High-confidence predicted neoantigens in sgKmt2d or Vector samples Data 29: Differential expression analysis of transposable elements, sgKmt2d vs Vector
Supplementary Data from Persistent Ethnicity-Associated Disparity in Antitumor Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Despite Equal Access
Authors: Florez Marcus A. , Kemnade Jan O. , Chen Nan , Du Wendy , Sabichi Anita L. , Wang Daniel Y. , Huang Quillan , Miller-Chism Courtney N. , Jotwani Aparna , Chen Albert C. , Hernandez David , Sandulache Vlad C.
Published: April 2023

Combined supplementary data file.
Data from Persistent Ethnicity-Associated Disparity in Antitumor Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Despite Equal Access
Authors: Florez Marcus A. , Kemnade Jan O. , Chen Nan , Du Wendy , Sabichi Anita L. , Wang Daniel Y. , Huang Quillan , Miller-Chism Courtney N. , Jotwani Aparna , Chen Albert C. , Hernandez David , Sandulache Vlad C.
Published: April 2023

We reviewed response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) of 207 patients with diagnoses of lung or head and neck cancer treated with chemotherapy/ICI combination therapy and ICI monotherapy between 2015 and 2020 at one of three clinical pavilions associated with the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX). Two of these pavilions (Harris Health System and the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center) serve large minority populations and provide equal access to care regardless of means. 174 patients had a diagnosis of lung cancer (non–small cell or small cell) and 33 had a diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). 38% self-identified as Black, 45% as non-Hispanic White, and 18% as Hispanic. The objective response rate (ORR) was similar for patients with lung cancer (35.057%) and HNSCC (30.3%; P = 0.894). The ORR for Hispanic and Black patients was lower compared with non-Hispanic White patients (H 27.0%, B 32.5%, W 38.7%; H vs. W P = 0.209; B vs. W P = 0.398). When considering only patients treated with ICI monotherapy, the ORR for Hispanic patients dropped further to 20.7% while the ORR of Black and non-Hispanic White patients remained about the same (B 29.3% and W 35.9%, H vs. W P = 0.133; B vs. W P = 0.419). Immune-related adverse events were the lowest in the Hispanic population occurring in only 30% of patients compared with 40% of patients in the Black cohort and 50% of the non-Hispanic White cohorts.
Significance:
To our knowledge, this report is the first to compare ICI effectiveness within a diverse patient population with a substantial Black and Hispanic NSCLC and HNSCC patient population treated in the context of equal access to care. The data presented in this article suggests reduced effectiveness of ICI monotherapy in Hispanic patients and thereby underscores the need for improved access and representation of racial/ethnic minority patients in ICI clinical trials.

Watch the interview with Jan O. Kemnade, MD, PhD, and Vlad C. Sandulache, MD, PhD, corecipients of the inaugural Cancer Research Communications Award for Outstanding Journal Article: https://vimeo.com/992993122
Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Disorders in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Réka Palatka , Janka Eszter Anna , Soltész Lilla , Szabó Imre Lőrinc , Kapitány Anikó , Dajnoki Zsolt , Emri Gabriella , Nagy Gábor , Palatka Károly , Zouboulis Christos C. , Szegedi Andrea , Gáspár Krisztián
Published: April 2023

Background: Intestinal symptoms are common in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). HS patients may experience a broad spectrum of chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders (CIID), not exclusive to inflammatory bowel diseases, which are diagnosed by colonoscopy and intestinal biopsies. The frequency of CIID in patients with HS has not been investigated. Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of CIID in HS and characterize this clinical population. Furthermore, the feasibility of using faecal calprotectin (FC) test or anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) levels to assess the colonic inflammation of CIID in HS patients was investigated. Methods: All newly diagnosed and untreated HS patients (n = 74) were referred to a gastroenterologist for FC followed by colonoscopy after informed consent. C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count, nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) polymorphism, and ASCA levels were measured. Patients were divided into HS-only and HS with CIID (HS + CIID) groups, based on the absence or presence of CIID. Laboratory and clinical parameters (age, gender, HS onset, clinical stage, family history, body mass index (BMI), smoking) were compared between the groups. Results: Thirteen patients complained gastrointestinal symptoms prior to any examination, including 11 in the HS + CIID group. The CIID frequency in HS was 28.4% (n = 21/74), based on colonoscopy and histology. Significantly more patients had severe disease state in the HS + CIID group compared with the HS-only group, and BMI was significantly lower in the HS + CIID group (28.20 ± 5.58 vs. 32.74 ± 6.45, p = 0.006). FC positivity occurred significantly more in HS + CIID patients compared with HS-only patients (90.48% vs. 3.77%, p < 0.001), and ASCA IgG levels were significantly elevated in HS + CIID patients (22.08 ± 23.07 vs. 8.41 ± 10.94 U/mL, p = 0.001). The FC test identified HS + CIID patients with 96.23% specificity and 91.3% sensitivity, while ASCA displayed 77.8% sensitivity and 76.3% specificity. Blood count, CRP, and the presence of NOD2 polymorphisms were indifferent between the two groups. Conclusion: A high frequency of CIID was detected in the examined HS population. The noninvasive FC test has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CIID in HS patients. Concomitant CIID and HS may indicate the need for an early-start for biological treatment.
The Genetic Landscape of Children Born Small for Gestational Age with Persistent Short Stature
Authors: Toni Ledjona , Plachy Lukas , Dusatkova Petra , Amaratunga Shenali Anne , Elblova Lenka , Sumnik Zdenek , Kolouskova Stanislava , Snajderova Marta , Obermannova Barbora , Pruhova Stepanka , Lebl Jan
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Among children born small for gestational age, 10–15% fail to catch up and remain short (SGA-SS). The underlying mechanisms are mostly unknown. We aimed to decipher genetic aetiologies of SGA-SS within a large single-centre cohort. Methods: Out of 820 patients treated with growth hormone (GH), 256 were classified as SGA-SS (birth length and/or birth weight <−2 SD for gestational age and life-minimum height <−2.5 SD). Those with the DNA triplet available (child and both parents) were included in the study (176/256). Targeted testing (karyotype/FISH/MLPA/specific Sanger sequencing) was performed if a specific genetic disorder was clinically suggestive. All remaining patients underwent MS-MLPA to identify Silver-Russell syndrome, and those with unknown genetic aetiology were subsequently examined using whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel of 398 growth-related genes. Genetic variants were classified using ACMG guidelines. Results: The genetic aetiology was elucidated in 74/176 (42%) children. Of these, 12/74 (16%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) gene variants affecting pituitary development (LHX4, OTX2, PROKR2, PTCH1, POU1F1), the GH-IGF-1 or IGF-2 axis (GHSR, IGFALS, IGF1R, STAT3, HMGA2), 2/74 (3%) the thyroid axis (TRHR, THRA), 17/74 (23%) the cartilaginous matrix (ACAN, various collagens, FLNB, MATN3), and 7/74 (9%) the paracrine chondrocyte regulation (FGFR3, FGFR2, NPR2). In 12/74 (16%), we revealed P/LP affecting fundamental intracellular/intranuclear processes (CDC42, KMT2D, LMNA, NSD1, PTPN11, SRCAP, SON, SOS1, SOX9, TLK2). SHOX deficiency was found in 7/74 (9%), Silver-Russell syndrome in 12/74 (16%) (11p15, UPD7), and miscellaneous chromosomal aberrations in 5/74 (7%) children. Conclusions: The high diagnostic yield sheds a new light on the genetic landscape of SGA-SS, with a central role for the growth plate with substantial contributions from the GH-IGF-1 and thyroid axes and intracellular regulation and signalling.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran STEM Tipe Index Card Match Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Pada Materi Alat-Alat Optik
Authors: Nursabrina Fakhira , Laksanawati Wahyu Dian
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplentasikan model pembelajaran STEM STEM tipe Index Card Match terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis pada materi alat-alat optik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2021-2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Pre-Experimental Desain dengan jenis penelitian One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 5 di SMAN 6 Kabupaten Tangerang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan yaitu Cluster Random Sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan berdasarkan hasil dari Pretest, Posttest, dan aktivitas belajar peserta didik yang disusun berdasarkan indikator berpikir kritis, yaitu: (1) merumuskan masalah; (2) memberikan argument; (3) melakukan deduksi; (4) melakukan induksi; (5) melakukan evaluasi. Kemudian data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Hasil uji hipotesis didapatkan  dan . Karena , maka terdapat pengaruh pada model pembelajaran STEM Tipe Index Card Match. Dan juga aktivitas peserta didik mengalami peningkatan selama tiga kali pertemuan. Dapat dikatakan demikian karena setelah melalui proses perhitungan pada pertemuan ke-1 diperoleh persentase pada setiap aspek adalah 45%, 34%, 39%, dan 39%. Pada pertemuan ke-2 diperoleh presentase sebesar 60%, 57%, 51%, dan 56%, pada pertemuan ke-3 diperoleh presentase sebesar 71%, 72%, 75%, dan 78%. Oleh sebab itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa aktivitas peserta didik meningkat. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan mengimplementasikan pembelajaran STEM tipe Index Card Match pada materi Alat-Alat Optik.
Microcontroller for Measuring Train Speed as a Learning Resource for Physics Students
Authors: Ermawati Imas Ratna , Martin Martin , Hartini Tri Isti , Arjo Sugianto , Supriyatna Supriyatna , Salsabilla Reza Annisa
Published: April 2023

The simulation of uniform straight motion using a miniature train based on the Arduino Uno has been carried out to determine velocity through a complex number approach. The experiment was conducted repeatedly at the same distance to obtain a constant velocity. The equation used to determine the velocity of the train is the application of complex number a + ib with the function  in variation of power. The results show that the velocity of the trains obtained has the same value, thus proving that the uniform straight motion is valid with the same acceleration which is zero (a=0) in this experiment.
Subjection and Freedom among the Angels
Authors: Schwartz Daniel
Published: April 2023

Medieval theologians commonly held that angels are subordinated one to the other. However, they did not agree on the foundations and nature of this order of subjection. This article traces the trajectory of the theological discussion on the nature of the angelic prelacy. While there is extensive scholarly literature on medieval theologians’ conceptions of the angelic hierarchy, there is next to nothing on their views of angelic prelacy. This article suggests that one of the questions that drives the route taken by the discussions on angelic prelacy is a tension internal to the very idea of angelic prelacy. To be a subject involves some degree of unfreedom. Yet it seemed unsuitable to medieval theologians to attribute unfreedom to angels. A satisfactory picture of angelic prelacy had to posit a form of subjection that did not imply any loss of liberty for the subject angels.
An update and review of commensals on Chilean inland water Decapoda
Authors: De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio R. , Jara-Seguel Pedro , Contreras Angel , Latsague Mirtha , Lara Gladys
Published: April 2023

The commensals on Chilean Decapoda of inland waters are characterized by a marked microendemism. The aim of the present study was to do an exhaustive review on the ectocommensals on Chilean inland-water decapods. The literature revealed the presence of species of Protozoa, viz., eight known only from Parastacus pugnax (Lagenophrys andos, Operculigera insolita, O. parastacis, O. seticola, O. striata, O. taura, Chilenophrys allendei, and Circolagenophrys shiftus), one for both P. pugnax and P. nicoletti (L. anticthos), one for Parastacus pugnax and Samastacus spinifrons (O. asymmetrica), and one reported for Aegla laevis (O. velata). In addition, the presence of flatworms was described, specifically Temnocephala chilensis, associated with A. laevis, P. pugnax, and S. spinifrons, and species of Polychaeta, i.e., Stratiodrilus platensis associated with A. abtao and A. bahamondei, S. aeglaphilus for A. laevis, and S. pugnaxi for P. nicoletti. Biogeographical, ecological and taxonomic implications are discussed.
Paracyclops fiersi sp. nov. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae), a new freshwater cyclopoid from north-western Mexico
Authors: Gómez Samuel
Published: April 2023

Several individuals of free-living copepods were found in tap water of the Unidad Académica Mazatlán (Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología). These copepods turned out to belong to a new species of the freshwater genus Paracyclops. Paracyclops poppei, P. hirsutus, and P. chiltoni were the only species reported in Mexican freshwater ecosystems, and the record of P. fiersi sp. nov. is the fourth confirmed species of the genus from Mexico. The new species seems to be related to P. hardingi and P. bromeliacola. The new species differs in the ornamentation of the female antennary coxobasis, and in the posterior, subdistal, medial spinules on the coxa of the first–fourth leg in both sexes. The city of Mazatlan is supplied with groundwater from an aquifer of the Presidio River (south of Mazatlan), and the new species is most probably distributed in the southern state of Sinaloa (north-western Mexico).
U.S.–Japan Economic Contention in Manchukuo: What did Manchukuo’s Economic Control Bring to the U.S.–Japan Relationship?
Authors: Yukawa Hayato
Published: April 2023

This article examines the impact of Japan’s economic control of Manchukuo on U.S.-Japan relations. From 1933 to 1935, ties between the two countries came to a temporary standstill. However, during these years, Washington and Tokyo waged a diplomatic war in the background over Japan’s control of Manchukuo’s economy. Although the United States accused Japan of violating the Nine Power Treaty it had signed endorsing the Open Door Policy, Japan established several special companies in Manchukuo, and some American firms withdrew from Manchuria. What kind of diplomatic negotiations developed between the United States and Japan during this period? What impact did they have on the relationship between the two countries? This article examines Japan’s development of economic control in Manchukuo and considers its impact, while situating the matter within the history of U.S.-Japan relations during the interwar period. In doing so, it will show how Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs implemented measures that prevented Japan’s economic domination of Manchukuo from immediately worsening U.S.-Japan relations. At the same time, it demonstrates that Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as its army, played an important role in the process of Japan asserting dominance over Manchuria.
Intellectual Rights in the Light of the Qurʾan and Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Authors: Abu Alhaj Thabet Ahmad Abdallah
Published: April 2023

Human Intellectual Rights in the Qurʾan is a necessary extension of its respect for the value of human beings. It is regarded as an instrument with the primary purpose to guide one to happiness in this world and the Hereafter. Based on the belief that Islam is a religion applicable to all in every circumstance, we selected Sample of Qurʾanic verses to illustrate how Islam perceives and defends intellectual Rights. The study aims to clarify the types of intellectual rights that Qurʾan granted to humans and to be a direct response to those who perceive Islam as a religion of repression, inertia, and hyperbole. The author notes that the freedoms admitted in the Qurʾan are not absolute, but constrained by methodological and moral principles, taking into consideration the interests of the individual and the community while also avoiding extremism and negligence. The study’s comparison between the freedoms granted by the Qurʾan to Intellectual Rights and such as exist in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is based on rational standards, and not only on religious texts. This is achieved by identifying the theoretical and practical applications of the freedom of Intellectual Rights in the Qurʾan and Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and their implications. The study found that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights failed to achieve human dignity and preserve communities’ rights and freedoms due to its insistence of the absolute freedom of thought, belief, and expression. Such freedoms were not subject to controls and were not provided with direction. The theoretical grounds upon which these freedoms were articulated were flawed leading to gross abuses in practical reality.
Social Ethics on Sūra Yāsīn (Q. 36): A Structural Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Muttaqin Ahmad , Alimin
Published: April 2023

The Qurʾanic interpretations tend to identify the main idea of sūra Yāsīn (Q. 36) as a resurrection at the doomsday. There is a lack of understanding of its cultural symbols. Meanwhile, the structures of the surah contain some symbolic signs that need to be decoded. This study aims to examine the symbolic meanings of Q. 36 and its relevance to the social life. Employing the structural semiotic theory, the study concludes that Q. 36, in connotative level, consists of the positive characters of humans. The surah gives a warning of the negative characters of humans in the theological and social relationship. In other words, Q. 36 fundamentally contains the symbolic meanings of social ethics. The study shows that the Qurʾanic text is a representative part of the larger context. It is a symbolic medium that represents a cultural meaning. Therefore, not only the structural meaning but also the cultural symbolic meaning are worth of further scrutiny.
Chinese Buddhist Narratives in Light of Indian Sources: A Case Study of the Sudāna/Vessantara Jātaka’s Reception in Early Medieval China
Authors: Zhao Jinchao
Published: April 2023

The Vessantara jātaka (also called the Sudāna jātaka in its Chinese versions) is one of the most highly renowned and widely circulated jātakas, or birth stories of the Buddha, in the Buddhist world. During the fifth and sixth centuries CE, the story was frequently depicted in Chinese murals and reliefs. Among a few sixth-century reliefs, scenes showing Prince Sudāna in exile appear to have been selected to crystallise the whole story, replacing the focus on Sudāna’s gifting of his children in the previous tradition. This study integrates early Indian sources with other relevant scholarship to explore the reason why Sudāna’s exile was selected. I argue that the choice of depicting Sudāna’s exile was shaped by two historical contexts. The first relates to a specific rhetorical strategy of integrating indigenous Chinese accounts of immortals into the story’s textual tradition in the third century. The second refers to the underlying religious mentality that focused on the quest for transcendence in the mountains, an idea that grew more popular during the flourishing of Buddhist meditation practice in the early sixth century. This article provides further methodological reflections on the study of Chinese Buddhist art, focusing on how important it is to incorporate more Indian sources and scholarship. It therefore engages with ongoing methodological reflections on China-India studies.
Memories, Morals, and Motives: An Inquiry into China-India Interactions at the World Trade Organization
Authors: Pandit Priyanka , Chattaraj Saheli
Published: April 2023

As China and India have begun to rapidly integrate into the world economy, they have generated scholarly interest in the processes of their economic transformations and consequences of their international economic engagements across a range of domains such as trade, finance, development, global economic governance, etc. However, research in these areas is primarily comparative, exploring the apparent variations with little focus on how they relate to each other in their response to “circulatory global forces”. This article discusses the challenges of understanding China-India interactions in the field of global economic governance in general and in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in particular, and examines how they have responded, adapted, or innovated, both individually and as part of a collective or coalition, at similar points in time. In contrast to the other international economic institutions, the WTO has emerged as a site of struggle between ideas, actors, and norms, replete with instances of solidarity, failed solidarity, etc.
A Matter of Taste: Tea, Opium, and Trade Monopolies in Tibet
Authors: Mukherjee Sayantani
Published: April 2023

This article chronicles the British Indian state’s attempt, and eventual failure, to break the Chinese monopoly on trading tea in Tibet at the very time Britain replaced Qing China as the largest exporter of tea on the global stage. I explore this short history by analysing the trade marts established in Tibet and the eastern Himalayas between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, not simply as centres of imperial trade between two powerful empires, but as occupied territories meant to form key nodes on land networks throughout the Tibetan plateau and highlands. Following its failure to push Indian tea into Tibetan markets, the British government in India experimented with the sale of opium in British-controlled marts in Tibet, thus marking important continuities in commodity trade competition with China across market spheres. The competition between Chinese and Indian tea has been richly documented as a narrative of ascendancy and industrial modernisation that rapidly reshaped global imperial hierarchies as well as local socio-cultural relationships (including those of labour accumulation). By contrast, the British failure in Tibet highlights how militarised frontier-making alone advanced market capitalism throughout the trans-Himalayan theatre. This article demonstrates how the exigencies of war propaganda and imperial frontier-making shaped not only the spatial and cultural frames of tea consumption in Tibet, but the territorial entities of the Himalayan “borderlands”, and indeed, “Tibet” itself.
The Medicine Monopoly Contract in Manila: A Perspective on Medical Provision and the Circulation of Medicine in the Early Eighteenth Century
Authors: González Balderas Juan Carlos
Published: April 2023

This article outlines the establishment of a monopoly contract for medicines in Manila. Although colonial medicine has gained prominence in current historiography, little is known about New Spain’s role in providing remedies to the Spanish population in the Philippines. This article maps the factors that motivated the Spanish Crown to modify a two-centuries-old medicine provision system led by New Spanish merchandisers and establish a monopoly contract (asiento) to administer and prepare all necessary medical treatments. Examining the causes, this study argues that this monopoly contract represents a unique royal strategy in the Philippines, in concordance with the Bourbon dynasty’s ambition to improve the medical care of Spaniards in the eighteenth century. Furthermore, this new agreement signified a period of improvement in the conditions of the Royal Hospital for Spaniards in Manila and a new era in the manufacture of medicines in the Philippines that would last throughout the first half of the eighteenth century.
GRWP-PBLH: Global Radar Wind Profiler Planetary Boundary Layer Height Data
Authors: Salmun Haydee , Josephs Holly , Molod Andrea
Published: April 2023

The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is central to the exchange of heat and moisture between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere, to the turbulent transport of aerosol and chemical pollutants affecting air quality, and to near- and long-term climate prediction. Consequently, the PBL has become a major focus of atmospheric and climate science, particularly after its designation as a “targeted observable” by the 2018 National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Earth Science Decadal Survey. Information about the height of the PBL that is global in scope allows for wide geographical analysis of connections to seasonality, to latitude, proximity to oceans, and synoptic variability. Information about the PBL height at hourly resolution allows for the analysis of diurnal cycles and PBL height growth rates, both of which are critical to the study of near-surface transport processes. This manuscript describes the release of a new global dataset of PBL height estimates retrieved from radar wind profilers (RWPs), called Global Radar Wind Profiler Planetary Boundary Layer Height (GRWP-PBLH). Hourly PBL height estimates are retrieved using an existing algorithm applied to archived signal-to-noise ratio data from a series of networks located around the globe, specifically in Australia, Europe, and Japan. Information about the source data, details of data processing, and production of PBL height estimates are discussed here along with a description of supplementary data and the available software. The GRWP-PBLH dataset is now accessible to the community for ongoing and future research.
Weakened Relationship between the Tibetan Plateau Heat Source and the Western North Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone in Recent Summers
Authors: Luo Haolin , Wang Ziqian , Wu Huan , Zeng Zhuoyu , Yu Wei
Published: April 2023

Numerous studies have indicated that the atmospheric heat source (AHS) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is highly correlated with the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) in summer. However, such an interannual relationship has been weakened since the late 1990s. The present work shows that the TP AHS was significantly and positively correlated with the WNPAC during the period 1979–99 (P1), while this relationship became insignificant hereafter [2000–20 (P2)]. From an atmospheric perspective, we identify that the long-term change in the upper-level atmospheric circulation over the TP is an important cause for weakening the relationship. An obvious upper-level anticyclonic trend occurred over the northeastern TP in the past four decades, with an easterly trend on the anticyclone’s southern flank, with anomalous westerlies during P1 but anomalous easterlies during P2 over the main portion of the TP. With the anomalous upper-level westerlies in P1, abnormal high pressure induced by the TP heating (i.e., AHS) extended downstream in the upper troposphere. Subsequently, anomalous descending motions formed over the northwestern Pacific due to the eastward-extended high pressure, together with the vertical transport of negative relative vorticity, favorable for the enhancement of the WNPAC. In P2, the TP heating-induced abnormal high pressure was confined over the southern TP due to the anomalous easterlies, suppressing its downstream influence and finally breaking the connection between the TP AHS and the WNPAC. Modeling results from both linear baroclinic model (LBM) sensitivity experiments and the CESM Large Ensemble dataset further confirm the important role of the change in background circulation in weakening the relationship.

Significance Statement

The atmospheric heat source (AHS) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is generally believed to closely connect with the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) during boreal summer. Previous studies have revealed that a significant interannual correlation exists between the TP AHS and the WNPAC; however, such a relationship was weakened recently, but the causes are unknown. This study highlights the important contribution from the change in background circulation to the weakened relationship. An upper-level easterly trend occurred over the TP in recent summers, under which the TP heating-induced abnormal atmospheric response was confined in the TP area, limiting the downstream influence of the TP heating and finally destroying the connection between the TP AHS and the downstream WNPAC.
Analysis of smiling photograph; Operation US–Bangla Air Crash
Authors: Dahal Samarika , Agrawal Nitin K , Chaudhary Gopal K , Maharjan Mani R , Walung Eugen D , Kadel Tulsi
Published: April 2023

Human identification may be difficult when there is no antemortem data available. A photograph of the deceased may be valuable in such cases. Digital advancement and inclusion in the lives of ordinary people makes it easier to retrieve clear, high-resolution photos from social media accounts and other places. This paper describes three cases of forensic dental identification from a US–Bangla plane crash in Nepal in which a charred body was positively identified from a smiling photograph provided by the deceased's family. Each case is unique and their identification rests on the availability of pre- and post-mortem information. Thus, the number of concordant points may vary from single to multiple; there is no defined criteria for minimum number of concordance for a positive dental identification.
Functionalization of silk with chitosan and Rubia cordifolia L. dye extract for enhanced antimicrobial and ultraviolet protective properties
Authors: Do Khai Ly , Su Miao , Mushtaq Asim , Ahsan Taswar , Zhao Feng
Published: April 2023

Natural dyes have attained the interest of scientists over the last decade due to their functional activities in addition to their primary role of color impartation on textile materials. This study is the first report on the functionalization of silk with antimicrobial and ultraviolet protective properties using a dye extract from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. in conjunction with chitosan as a bio-mordant. Alum mordant was also used in the dyeing process alongside chitosan for comparison purposes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were utilized to determine the anthraquinone-based components of the dye extract. Furthermore, the structure and surface morphology of silk fibers before and after dyeing were investigated. The dyed silk samples exhibited good fastness against washing, rubbing, and lighting. The chitosan mordanted-dyed silk presented remarkable antimicrobial properties with maximum inhibitions of 96.71% and 99.08% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, and only 2.3% spore germination of white mold ( Aspergillus spp.). Likewise, an excellent ultraviolet protection factor was achieved in the chitosan modified-dyed silk. The findings of this study demonstrated the potential of the Rubia cordifolia L. extract as a functional dye, as well as the advanced properties of chitosan in increasing the fastness and functional performance for the dyed silk compared to alum mordant.
Representation, Diversity, and Organizational Performance: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration in the Context of South African Local Government
Authors: Fernandez Sergio , Cameron Robert , Lee Hongseok
Published: April 2023

Representative bureaucracy and workforce diversity have become central topics in the field of public administration. Although representation and diversity are distinct concepts, public administration researchers often conflate them. This study seeks to provide analytical clarity by outlining and comparing the various conceptual definitions of representation and diversity. We also explain the causal logic of how representation and diversity influence organizational performance. Finally, with South African local government as the research setting, we examine the empirical relationship between these two concepts and explore how different forms of representation and diversity are related to organizational performance.
Sex modifies the relationship between age and neurovascular coupling in healthy adults
Authors: Koep Jodie L , Bond Bert , Barker Alan R , Ruediger Stefanie L , Pizzey Faith K , Coombes Jeff S , Bailey Tom G
Published: April 2023

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the matching between local neuronal activity and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), but little is known about the effects of age and sex on NVC. This study aimed to investigate the relationships and interaction between age and sex on NVC. Sixty-four healthy adults (18–85 years, N = 34 female) completed a visual stimulus evoked NVC assessment to a flashing checkerboard. NVC responses were measured in the posterior cerebral artery (PCAv) using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. A hierarchical multiple regression was used to determine the relationships between age, sex, and the age by sex interaction on NVC. There was a significant age by sex interaction for baseline (P = 0.001) and peak PCAv (P = 0.01), with a negative relationship with age in females (P < 0.005), and no relationship in males (P ≥ 0.17). NVC responses as a percent increase from baseline showed a significant age by sex interaction (P = 0.014), with a positive relationship with age in females (P = 0.04) and no relationship in males (P = 0.17), even after adjusting for baseline PCAv. These data highlight important sex differences, with an association between age and NVC only apparent in females but not males, and thus a need to account for sex dependent effects of ageing when investigating cerebrovascular regulation.
Role of intravenous alteplase on late lesion growth and clinical outcome after stroke treatment
Authors: Konduri Praneeta , Cavalcante Fabiano , van Voorst Henk , Rinkel Leon , Kappelhof Manon , van Kranendonk Katinka , Treurniet Kilian , Emmer Bart , Coutinho Jonathan , Wolff Lennard , Hofmeijer Jeanette , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , van Zwam Wim , Roos Yvo , Majoie Charles , Marquering Henk ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN-NO IV Trial Investigators (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands)
Published: April 2023

Several acute ischemic stroke mechanisms that cause lesion growth continue after treatment which is detrimental to long-term clinical outcome. The potential role of intravenous alteplase treatment (IVT), a standard in stroke care, in cessing the physiological processes causing post-treatment lesion development is understudied. We analyzed patients from the MR CLEAN-NO IV trial with good quality 24-hour and 1-week follow-up Non-Contrast CT scans. We delineated hypo- and hyper-dense regions on the scans as lesion. We performed univariable logistic and linear regression to estimate the influence of IVT on the presence (growth > 0 ml) and extent of late lesion growth. The association between late lesion growth and mRS was assessed using ordinal logistic regression. Interaction analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of IVT on this association. Of the 63/116 were randomized to included patients, IVT. Median growth was 8.4(−0.88–26) ml. IVT was not significantly associated with the presence (OR: 1.24 (0.57–2.74, p = 0.59) or extent (β = 5.1(−8.8–19), p = 0.47) of growth. Late lesion growth was associated with worse clinical outcome (aOR: 0.85(0.76–0.95), p < 0.01; per 10 ml). IVT did not influence this association (p = 0.18). We did not find evidence that IVT influences late lesion growth or the relationship between growth and worse clinical outcome. Therapies to reduce lesion development are necessary.
On the Complexity of Literary and Popular Fiction
Authors: Castano Emanuele , Zanella Jessica , Saedi Fatemeh , Zunshine Lisa , Ducceschi Luca
Published: April 2023

Research findings in cognitive literary studies show that lifetime exposure to literary versus popular fiction has a differential association with social cognition processes such as psychological essentialism, attributional complexity, and, particularly, with Theory of Mind. Experimental findings further show that brief exposure to literary, but not popular fiction, boosts performance on Theory of Mind. These results are interpreted as stemming from the greater complexity of the characters and plots of literary fiction; a claim that is consistent with evidence that readers view literary fiction characters as more complex than popular fiction characters. Here we focus on style, and test whether said differential complexity finds a parallel in the language of these two types of fiction. Results of Natural Language Processing analyses on a corpus of literary and popular fiction texts confirm that literary fiction has greater lexical and syntax complexity than popular fiction.
Endodontic Treatment of a Maxillary Incisor Tooth in a Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Saito Wataru , Ikawa Tomoko , Ogawa Takumi , Momoi Yasuko , Kaneko Akihisa , Miyabe-Nishiwaki Takako , Adachi Ikuma , Tomonaga Masaki , Suzuki Juri , Yamamoto Takatsugu
Published: April 2023

Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) with teeth severely damaged by dental caries and/or periodontal disease are often managed with medication and/or tooth extraction. A common endodontic treatment for severely decayed teeth in a 26-year-old female chimpanzee is reported. The left maxillary central incisor tooth had lost its crown, probably due to trauma that was not recent, and it had a fistula most likely due to chronic apical periodontitis. The diagnosis was confirmed radiographically before treatment. To treat the infected root canal, endodontic treatment used in humans was adapted for a chimpanzee. After the treatment, the tooth was sealed using an adhesive resin composite. At 11-years post-treatment, there were no signs of recurrence of the lesion or of failure of the tooth seal. The results of this case report suggest that common endodontic treatments used in humans are also effective in chimpanzees.
The determination of the optimum position of bushing in the trailing arm of torsion beam suspension considering the performance of whole vehicle
Authors: Gao Jin , Qi Xiaoping
Published: April 2023

Torsion beam suspension is used extensively in the rear suspension of the vehicle. The suspension is connected to the vehicle body by the bushing of the trailing arm. In the early stages of design, determining the position of the bushing to provide the vehicle with good performance is important. Based on this, this study explains the influence of the position of the bushing on the performance of the vehicle theoretically. In the simulation study, this paper establishes the hard point m in the multi-body dynamics model and converts the coordinates of the m into angles α and γ to describe the specific position of the bushing. This method is based on changing the coordinates of m to obtain the corresponding position of the bushing and making it possible to investigate the influence of the position of the bushing on vehicle performance within a certain design space. The influence of the specific position of the bushing on the evaluation indexes of the simulation tests including constant radius cornering and the ride comfort on bump road is further investigated. The simulation results show that each index has significant differences with different α and γ. For a single evaluation index, it is possible to find a set of α, γ to make it optimal within the design range, but not all the indexes can be made optimal with the same α, γ. To determine the position of the bushing that will provide the vehicle with better performance, this paper takes the coordinates of m as the optimization variables and the evaluation indexes as the optimization objectives to carry out multi-objective optimization with NSGA-II, NCGA, and MOPSO algorithms. Three specific positions of the bushing that satisfy the optimization requirements are finally obtained.
A fast dynamic model of a two-sided permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension system in a maglev train
Authors: Wang Bo , Luo Shihui , Ma Weihua , Li Guanchun , Wang Zhiyu , Xu Jie , Zhang Xiaoxu
Published: April 2023

In vehicle dynamics research, a dynamics model is essential, as it provides the basis for the demonstration of early system design of vehicle as well as the verification and optimization of the dynamics performance of the final product. To promote the development of a permanent magnet (PM) Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS) in a maglev train, research was carried out in order to explore a fast dynamics modeling, with suspension system based on two-sided PM. First of all, a halbach array was taken as the object of study, with the analytical solution of its magnetic force obtained by theoretical derivation according to magnet filed and 2D analytical method; then, the magnetic force was discretized into a data matrix of displacement, force, and speed; thirdly, the data matrix was introduced in SIMPACK to establish a magnet-track relationship in scalar form, and a dynamics model of the two-sided PM EDS maglev system was finished by the theory of multi-body dynamics modeling; finally, the proposed modeling was validated by the agreement between theoretical derivation and dynamics model calculation of the heaving frequency and pitching frequency of the frame; at the same time, it was also validated by the agreement of dynamic responses between the modeling by vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory and the dynamic model calculation of the levitation gap and force. According to the established dynamics model, dynamic response of the system at the speed of 600 km/h was calculated, and the feasibility of the two-sided PM EDS maglev train was verified. The simulation speed of model which was established before is 50 times that of the mathematical model by the vehicle-track coupled dynamics, thus providing reference for the future research in this regard.