bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive variational discretization approximation method for parabolic optimal control problems
Authors: Tang Yuelong , Hua Yuchun
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we study variational discretization method for parabolic optimization problems. Firstly, we obtain some convergence and superconvergence analysis results of the approximation scheme. Secondly, we derive a posteriori error estimates of the approximation solutions. Finally, we present variational discretization approximation algorithm and adaptive variational discretization approximation algorithm for parabolic optimization problems and do some numerical experiments to confirm our theoretical results.
Staying alive on an active volcano: 80 years population dynamics of Cytisus aeolicus (Fabaceae) from Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Authors: Zaia R. , Pasta S. , Di Rita F. , Laudicina V. A. , Cascio P. Lo , Magri D. , Troia A. , Guarino R.
Published: November 2020

Cytisus aeolicusis a narrow endemic species restricted to the Aeolian archipelago (SE Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and it is one of the most evolutionarily isolated plants in the Mediterranean flora. Historical and literature data suggest that both metapopulations and isolated individuals ofC. aeolicusare gradually shrinking. Field investigations and drone images demonstrate that theC. aeolicusmetapopulation from Stromboli experienced a strikingly fast increase during the last decades. As of 2019, more than 7000 ± 3000 mature individuals occur on Stromboli, i.e. 14 to 20 times more than those counted during the last census, 25 years ago. The diachronic analysis of aerial photos concerning last 80 years and the analysis of the growth rings of some selected plants pointed out that the surface occupied, the demographic structure and the distribution pattern of the subpopulations of Stromboli has been highly fluctuating during last decades. Moreover, data issuing from field observations in permanent plots placed in a transect between two isolated mature individuals showed that, under natural conditions, the germination rate of the seedlings ofC. aeolicuscan be very high and their establishment rate may exceed 40%. By contrast, seedlings mortality is subject to strong annual fluctuations. Additionally, the pollen morphology of the Strombolian metapopulation of this rare and isolated species is studied here for the first time. Contrary to what is stated in recent literature, theC. aeolicusmetapopulation from Stromboli is healthy and very dynamic, albeit frequently damaged by the volcanic activity. Regular and repeated field surveys carried out during 3 years (2017–2019) allowed improving our knowledge on the life cycle ofC. aeolicusand a new extinction risk assessment of the species, according to IUCN criteria, is presented.
Antiproliferation effect of sulforaphene isolated from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds on A549 cells
Authors: Lim Sooyeon , Ahn Jin-Chul , Lee Eun Jin , Kim Jongkee
Published: November 2020

Sulforaphene (SFE), a major isothiocyanate in radish seeds, is a close chemical relative of sulforaphane (SFA) isolated from broccoli seeds and florets. The anti-proliferative mechanisms of SFA against cancer cells have been well investigated, but little is known about the potential anti-proliferative effects of SFE. In this study, we showed that SFE purified from radish seeds inhibited the growth of six cancer cell lines (A549, CHO, HeLa, Hepa1c1c7, HT-29, and LnCaP), with relative half maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.37 to 3.31 μg/mL. Among the six cancer cell lines, SFE showed the greatest growth inhibition against A549 lung cancer cells, where it induced apoptosis by changing the levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3, -8, and -9. Our results indicate that SFE from radish seeds may have significant anti-proliferative potency against a broad range of human cancer cells via induction of apoptosis.
To SPB or not to SPB? A mixed methods analysis of self-protective behaviours to prevent repeat victimisation from cyber abuse
Authors: Vakhitova Zarina I. , Mawby Rob I. , Alston-Knox Clair L. , Stephens Callum A.
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the findings from a mixed-methods examination of self-protective behaviours (SPBs) adopted by victims of cyber abuse from the rational choice perspective. The data from a sample of the U.S. adults ($$N = 746$$N=746), members of an online opt-in panel, were analysed to first distinguish the types of SPBs adopted by victims of cyber abuse using a thematic analysis of open-ended responses. We then identified the factors associated with an increased likelihood of adopting SPBs and the specific identified types of SPBs using logistic regression with Bayesian variable selection and a stochastic search algorithm. Of the six identified types of SPBs, adjusting privacy settings was the most commonly reported response, and improving security (e.g. changing passwords, etc.) was the least common SPB. Older victims who reported higher than the average perceived impact from victimisation, were abused by a stranger and experienced either surveillance of their online activities or multiple types of abuse, were significantly more likely to adopt an SPB. Our findings inform strategies for both Internet user education and for preventing cyber abuse victimisation.
National survey of home injuries during the time of COVID-19: who is at risk?
Authors: Gielen Andrea C. , Bachman Grace , Badaki-Makun Oluwakemi , Johnson Renee M. , McDonald Eileen , Omaki Elise , Pollack Porter Keshia M. , Ryan Leticia , Shields Wendy
Published: November 2020

Background

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 44% of all reported injuries in U.S. households occurred in the home. Spending more time at home due to the pandemic may increase the number of home injuries.

Methods

A nationally representative sample of 2011 U.S. adults were surveyed online between June 17 – June 29, 2020. Propensity score weighting and T-tests were used.

Results

Twenty-eight percent (28%) of households reported a home injury or ingestion during the pandemic; 13% reported experiencing both. Injuries were most often due to falls (32%). Medication ingestions were reported by 6%; household product ingestions were reported by 4%. Relative to households that experienced no injuries or ingestions, those that reported either or both were more likely to: be in urban areas, have household incomes > $100,000, and have children living in them. Among households reporting more time spent at home, those with children were significantly more likely than those without to report an injury or ingestion.

Conclusions

Results help target prevention messages while U.S. families are continuing to work and learn remotely. During this pandemic and future stay-at-home orders, there is a need for public health efforts to prevent home injuries and ingestions.
LncRNA NCK1-AS1 in plasma distinguishes oral ulcer from early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Le Fei , Ou Yangqian , Luo Ping , Zhong Xiaoming
Published: November 2020

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at early stages can be misdiagnosed as an oral ulcer (OU) due to similar symptoms, such as chronic and indurated ulcer. LncRNA NCK1-AS1 has been characterized as a key player in cervical cancer, while its role in OSCC is unknown.

Methods

All participants were selected at Jiangxi Province Tumor Hospital from December 2016 to December 2018. Expression levels of NCK1-AS1 and miR-100 in plasma from both OSCC and OU patients were measured by RT-qPCR. Diagnostic analysis was performed through ROC curve. Potential interactions between NCK1-AS1 and miR-100 were detected by cell transfection experiments. Cell invasion and migration were assessed by Transwell assays.

Results

The expression of NCK1-AS1 was upregulated in early-stage OSCC patients but not in OU patients. Upregulation of NCK1-AS1 distinguished OSCC patients from OU patients. The expression of miR-100 was inversely correlated with the expression of NCK1-AS1. Overexpression of NCK1-AS1 was followed by promoted OSCC cell invasion and migration. Overexpression of miR-100 did not affect the expression of NCK1-AS1 but inhibited the role of NCK1-AS1.

Conclusions

Therefore, NCK1-AS1 may promote the metastasis of OSCC by downregulating miR-100.
Effects of different plasma expanders on rats subjected to severe acute normovolemic hemodilution
Authors: You Guo-Xing , Li Bing-Ting , Wang Zhen , Wang Quan , Wang Ying , Zhao Jing-Xiang , Zhao Lian , Zhou Hong
Published: November 2020

Background

Plasma expanders are widely used for acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH). However, existing studies have not focused on large-volume infusion with colloidal plasma expanders, and there is a lack of studies that compare the effects of different plasma expanders.

Methods

The viscosity, hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of plasma expanders were determined by a cone-plate viscometer, Zetasizer and cut-off membrane, respectively. Sixty male rats were randomized into five groups with Gelofusine (Gel), Hydroxyethyl Starch 200/0.5 (HES200), Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 (HES130), Hydroxyethyl Starch 40 (HES40), and Dextran40 (Dex40), with 12 rats used in each group to build the ANH model. ANH was performed by the withdrawal of blood and simultaneous infusion of plasma expanders. Acid-base, lactate, blood gas and physiological parameters were detected.

Results

Gel had a lower intrinsic viscosity than HES200 and HES130 (P < 0.01), but at a low shear rate in a mixture of colloids, red cells and plasma, Gel had a higher viscosity (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01, respectively). For hydroxyethyl starch plasma expanders, the COP at a certain concentration decreases from 11.1 mmHg to 6.1 mmHg with the increase of Rhfrom 10.7 nm to 20.2 nm. A severe ANH model, with the hematocrit of 40% of the baseline level, was established and accompanied by disturbances in acid-base, lactate and blood gas parameters. At the end of ANH and 60 min afterward, the Dex40 group showed a worse outcome in maintaining the acid-base balance and systemic oxygenation compared to the other groups. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly in all groups at the end of ANH. The DBP and MAP in the Dex40 group further decreased 60 min after the end of ANH. During the process of ANH, the Dex40 group showed a drop and recovery in SBP, DBP and MAP. The DBP and MAP in the HES200 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups at some time points (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01).

Conclusion

Gel had a low intrinsic viscosity but may increase the whole blood viscosity at low shear rates. Rhand COP showed a strong correlation among hydroxyethyl starch plasma expanders. Dex40 showed a worse outcome in maintaining the acid-base balance and systemic oxygenation compared to the other plasma expanders. During the process of ANH, Dex40 displayed a V-shaped recovery pattern for blood pressure, and HES200 had the advantage in sustaining the DBP and MAP at some time points.
Use of 55 PET radiotracers under approval of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC)
Authors: Jackson Isaac M. , Lee So Jeong , Sowa Alexandra R. , Rodnick Melissa E. , Bruton Laura , Clark Mara , Preshlock Sean , Rothley Jill , Rogers Virginia E. , Botti Leslie E. , Henderson Bradford D. , Hockley Brian G. , Torres Jovany , Raffel David M. , Brooks Allen F. , Frey Kirk A. , Kilbourn Michael R. , Koeppe Robert A. , Shao Xia , Scott Peter J. H.
Published: November 2020

Background

In the US, EU and elsewhere, basic clinical research studies with positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that are generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) can often be conducted under institutional approval. For example, in the United States, such research is conducted under the oversight of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC) as long as certain requirements are met. Firstly, the research must be for basic science and cannot be intended for immediate therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, or to determine the safety and effectiveness of the PET radiotracer. Secondly, the PET radiotracer must be generally recognized as safe and effective. Specifically, the mass dose to be administered must not cause any clinically detectable pharmacological effect in humans, and the radiation dose to be administered must be the smallest dose practical to perform the study and not exceed regulatory dose limits within a 1-year period. In our experience, the main barrier to using a PET radiotracer under RDRC approval is accessing the required information about mass and radioactive dosing.

Results

The University of Michigan (UM) has a long history of using PET radiotracers in clinical research studies. Herein we provide dosing information for 55 radiotracers that will enable other PET Centers to use them under the approval of their own RDRC committees.

Conclusions

The data provided herein will streamline future RDRC approval, and facilitate further basic science investigation of 55 PET radiotracers that target functionally relevant biomarkers in high impact disease states.
Does the “surprisingly popular” method yield accurate crowdsourced predictions?
Authors: Rutchick Abraham M. , Ross Bryan J. , Calvillo Dustin P. , Mesick Catherine C.
Published: November 2020

The “surprisingly popular” method (SP) of aggregating individual judgments has shown promise in overcoming a weakness of other crowdsourcing methods—situations in which the majority is incorrect. This method relies on participants’ estimates of other participants’ judgments; when an option is chosen more often than the average metacognitive judgments of that option, it is “surprisingly popular” and is selected by the method. Although SP has been shown to improve group decision making about factual propositions (e.g., state capitals), its application to future outcomes has been limited. In three preregistered studies, we compared SP to other methods of aggregating individual predictions about future events. Study 1 examined predictions of football games, Study 2 examined predictions of the 2018 US midterm elections, and Study 3 examined predictions of basketball games. When applied to judgments made by objectively assessed experts, SP performed slightly better than other aggregation methods. Although there is still more to learn about the conditions under which SP is effective, it shows promise as a means of crowdsourcing predictions of future outcomes.
Substance use during pregnancy: impact on Colorado community hospital
Authors: Heintzelman Jacinda , Persons Lisa , Melnykov Igor
Published: November 2020

Background

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) leads to increased length of stay (LOS), which leads to increased healthcare costs, and can cause financial burdens for hospitals. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of substance use by pregnant women on a Colorado (CO) community hospital after state legalization of recreational cannabis.

Methods

Data were gathered retrospectively through the electronic health record at an inpatient facility and described 607 mothers and 419 newborns (totalN = 1026) who tested positive for drugs (urinalysis or blood for mother and urine, meconium, or cord blood for newborns). Screening for drugs was at discretion of healthcare provider if mother reported use or newborn showed symptoms of NAS. The patients who were not screened or tested negative were excluded from consideration. Newborns exposed to cannabis were compared to those exposed to other drugs (opioids, methadone, cocaine, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines) on costs of newborn hospitalization, based on type of newborn bed and length of stay (LOS). Group comparisons were done using Cochran-Armitage chi-square tests and two-sample t-tests.

Results

The proportion of screened patients testing positive for illicit and prescribed substances increased significantly from 2013 (33.4%) to 2017 (50.2%) (p < 0.001). The LOS of drug-exposed newborns increased significantly over the years (p < 0.0001). Newborns testing positive for cannabis were more likely to remain in a normal newborn nursery (NSY) bed (69.8%) than those testing positive for other drugs (27.7%), with an average hospital LOS (4.6 days) significantly shorter (p < 0.001) than that of other-drug exposed newborns (14.2 days). Combined healthcare costs for other-drug exposed newborns ($23,495,221) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than for cannabis-exposed newborns ($2,885,139); both groups had significantly higher costs (p < 0.001) than normal healthy newborns ($2,166,649).

Conclusion

Drug-exposed newborns have a significant financial impact on hospital healthcare costs, largely due to more expensive bed placement and longer LOS.
Management of a huge right atrial thrombus in a patient with multiple comorbidities
Authors: Selwanos Peter Philip Shaker , Ahmed Ahmed Osman , El Bakry Karim Mohamed , Elsharkawy Ahmed Nazmy , Mohamed Omar Alaaeldin , Hosny Hatem , Samaan Amir Anwar Shaker
Published: November 2020

Background

Floating right heart thrombi (RHT) represent an underdiagnosed, potentially hazardous, and to some extent rare phenomenon in patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Emergent treatment is usually required for such a condition.

Case presentation

A 19-year-old young lady presented with progressive shortness of breath, marked renal impairment, thrombocytopenia, and a highly oscillating huge right atrial mass. After she was admitted to the intensive care unit, she arrested in asystole and was resuscitated, and her electrocardiogram (ECG) showed evidence of acute anterior myocardial infarction. Urgent cardiac surgery to remove the right atrial mass was proposed by the heart team as the best option of management. Surgery was emergently performed with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) as a support. Following surgery, mechanical support and vasopressors were successfully weaned and the patient achieved a good recovery.

Conclusions

A pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) approach should always be considered where a multidisciplinary team involving a cardiologist, radiologist, cardio-thoracic surgeon, radiologist, and intensivist shall determine the management strategy for a challenging presentation of a massive pulmonary embolism or floating right heart thrombi causing the hemodynamically unstable clinical condition.
Seismic geomorphology anomalies within a Pliocene deepwater channel complex in the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand
Authors: Chenin Julian , Silver Clayton , Bedle Heather
Published: November 2020

The Taranaki Basin, located offshore New Zealand, is a Cretaceous rift basin that has well defined yet complex Miocene deepwater sedimentary systems. We analyze a pronounced anomalous seismic response in a Late Miocene to Early Pliocene deepwater channel within the 2005 Hector 3D survey located in the southern Taranaki Basin. Several seismic attributes were calculated to interpret the extent of these anomalous features. Analogues within both the Iron River reservoir in Albania, Canada and the East Breaks Basin Four, offshore Gulf of Mexico suggest that these anomalous seismic features are most likely channel-body basal scours. Another interpretation suggests that these scours were formed and later filled by mass transport deposits (MTDs) with sediment ponding as suggested from some studies within the Molasse Basin in southern Germany. Alternatively, these scours could also be interpreted as pockmarks resulting from channel abandonment and fluid escape due to compaction. Others describe this process within submarine canyon systems, offshore Equatorial Guinea. However, there is compelling evidence to suggest that these features are most likely channel-body basal scours rather than being related to MTDs or pockmarks. Within all of the interpretations, there is evidence of differential compaction, which is further supported by the reflectors displaying a slight doming immediately above where the scours are located.

Geological feature: Seismic geomorphology anomalies within a Pliocene deepwater channel complex in the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand Seismic appearance: Asymmetric bowl-shaped geometry with high-amplitude reflectors that are incised into underlying sediment Alternative interpretations: Pockmarks resulting from channel abandonment and fluid escape due to compaction Features with similar appearance: Channel scours or pockmarks Formation: Mount Messenger Formation, Taranaki Basin Age: Late Miocene to Early Pliocene Location: Southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand Available data: Hector 3D data set, Kiwa-1, and Hector-1 wells Analysis tools: 3D seismic data, well logs, and seismic attributes
Temporality and the Unconfident Heroine in Henry James's The Golden Bowl
Authors: Levin Janina
Published: November 2020

Readers traditionally associate heroism with risk and confidence in one's abilities. Yet within the realist tradition, Henry James creates a portrait of an unconfident heroine. The Golden Bowl's Maggie Verver demonstrates she has the ability to become an effective actor, and she can be read as a special case within the underdog character type. Despite being caught in a deception plot, she surprises readers with the pleasure of a “win” by developing a specific know-how that relies on reading temporal tensions. The article uses theoretical work on temporality by Paul Ricoeur, Jacques Lacan, and Alain Badiou to explore how Maggie's confidence and courage emerge from the depths of anxiety and how this process allows James to create a narrative in which the reader learns to gauge and appreciate human action in process.
Letters and the Contemporary Novel: Materiality and Metaphor in Ian McEwan's The Children Act
Authors: Wilkinson Kate
Published: November 2020

Daily communication today is predominantly digital, but contemporary novels continue to be interested in paper letters. Why? What do letters, written on paper, offer to the novel in the twenty-first century? This essay explores the material letter's contemporary value as metaphor, reading as a case study Ian McEwan's The Children Act. McEwan's novel dramatizes a conflict between religion and the secular law, which is an example of the type of dispute that Jean-François Lyotard identifies in The Differend: a dispute that is unresolvable because the process for regulating it is unable to register the wrong that one side suffers. In their different modes, these two texts consider intractable conflict and the ethics of its regulation, the workings of which are analyzed here through the suggestive correspondences between the dynamics of Lyotard's differend and those of letters. These correspondences derive, this essay argues, from the letter's material properties, which underlie its ability to function as metaphor. The letter's temporal structure of delay and the silences and instability that delay produces, in particular, have productive affinities with the workings of the differend. These correspondences help to delineate the conflicts of The Children Act and to reveal the value of the letter as metaphor more generally. This case study presents an example of the letter as a metaphorical resource, whose possibilities are distinct from those of digital communications and whose flexibility and nuance help to account for contemporary novels' continued interest in the letter.
Precisely Controlled Reproducible Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles inside Metal-Organic Frameworks with H2 Gas as Reductant: Effects of Framework Crystallinity and H2 Gas Pressure
Authors: Takashima Yohei , Sato Yasushi , Kubo Neo , Tsuruoka Takaaki , Akamatsu Kensuke
Published: November 2020

Herein, we succeeded in reproducibly synthesizing palladium nanoparticles with narrow size distribution inside metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by using pressured H2 gas as a reductant. In addition, by controlling the crystallinity of the MOFs, the particle size could be precisely controlled.
Prevalência e aspectos epidemiológicos da COVID-19 na 9ª Região de Saúde de Alagoas
Authors: Nascimento Joyce da Silva , Bezerra Leticia Pereira , Ramos Rosália Elen Santos
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: verificar a taxa de prevalência e realizar uma caracterização epidemiológica dos casos de COVID-19 na 9ª Região de Saúde de Alagoas, incluídos todos os casos registrados até 30 de setembro 2020. Métodos: os dados foram obtidos por meio da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Governo Estadual de Alagoas. Após a obtenção dos dados, realizou-se o cálculo de prevalência da doença para cada município da região, e, posteriormente, fez-se uma análise descritiva das principais características epidemiológicas, dos sintomas e das comorbidades relatadas pelos pacientes; o Odds Ratio dos óbitos e comorbidades também foi calculado. Resultados: 5.564 casos de COVID-19 foram registrados na região no período estudado. Santana do Ipanema foi o município com maior número de casos (1.295), Palestina apresentou a maior prevalência (5082,4/100.000 hab.). A maioria dos pacientes, de cor parda, com idade entre 31 e 40 anos, relatou ter tosse e febre. A diabetes foi a comorbidade mais relatada, e doenças cardiovasculares, hipertensão e diabetes as comorbidades significativamente associadas aos óbitos. Conclusões: os resultados aqui encontrados auxiliam na adoção de medidas e práticas preventivas, levando em consideração a taxa de prevalência da doença, dando importância, assim, aos municípios prioritários neste momento.
Emperors, admirals and giants, zebras, tigers and woolly bears: casting a broader net in exploring heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns
Authors: Sourakov Andrei
Published: November 2020

Background:Studies of heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns have been restricted to a small number of species. I report observations from experiments on a broader range of taxa, including first results from swallowtails, tiger moths and microlepidoptera.

Methods:Heparin injections were made in prepupae and pupae ofJunonia coenia(common buckeyes),Agraulis vanillae(gulf fritillaries),Heliconius charithonia(zebra longwings),Asterocampa clyton(tawny emperors), Danaus plexippus(monarchs),Vanessa atalanta(red admirals);Heraclides cresphontes(giant swallowtails),Pterourus troilus(spicebush swallowtails),Protographium marcellus(zebra swallowtails),Battus polydamas(polydamas swallowtails);Hypercompe scribonia(giant leopard moths),Estigmene acrea(acrea moths),Hyphantria cunea(fall webworm moths), Utetheisa ornatrix(ornate bella moths);Glyphodes sibillalis(mulberry leaftier).

Results:Heparin sometimes altered the entire pattern in a dramatic way, sometimes caused changes locally.In buckeyes, the previous heparin study conducted on pupae was compared to injections made at a prepupal stage. In gulf fritillaries, zebra longwings and tawny emperors, the dramatic changes occurred throughout their wings, while in monarchs, changes were restricted to wing margins. Changes achieved in red admirals, show that heparin action is unrelated to the original color. In swallowtails, transformations were restricted to border system, indicating higher levels of stability and compartmentalization of wing patterns. In mulberry leaftier, changes were restricted to the marginal bands. In tiger moths, elongation of black markings led to merging of spots; in the ornate bella moth, it was accompanied by an expansion of the surrounding white bands, and results were compared to the effects of colder temperatures.

Conclusions:Using pharmaceutical intervention demonstrates that there are many similarities and some very significant differences in the ways wing patterns are formed in different Lepidoptera lineages. By creating a range of variation one can demonstrate how one pattern can easily evolve into another, aiding in understanding of speciation and adaptation processes.
Fractal Plots of Topology Optimization Efficiency in Solving of the Problem for Strength Dependence on the Grid
Authors: Zhikharev L.
Published: November 2020

In this research is solved the problem for determining of dependencies describing the strength redundancy of a part obtained by means of topology optimization using the SIMP method under a variety of grid’s finite elements. For this purpose, in the research was performed a digital experiment, during which almost fifty variants of part’s computer models were obtained, and their mechanical properties were studied. Based on the obtained data were constructed plots for the strength efficiency of topological optimization, which reflect fractal properties of part’s strength parameters changing.

Upon reaching the research goal were solved the problems of software selection and applying a programs combination, which allowed automate the creation of models based on the topology optimization results. The main tool for topology optimization was the Autodesk Fusion 360 product, providing a free access to cloud computing, and Autodesk ReCap Photo was used when models converting.

On the results of the experiment were formulated recommendations for obtaining the part’s optimized topology without critical defects of shape, using the SIMP method. With great probability, these recommendations are important when using other methods for topological optimization, such as ESO, BESO, or Level-Set.

The received recommendations were tested in solution the problem of increasing the structures’ strength efficiency on the example of the rocker-Bogie wheel suspension using in modern Curiosity-type Mars rovers. The topology optimization results are openwork parts that can withstand heavy loads at low weight. This was confirmed by strength analysis, which had showed an increase in specific strength up to 13.5 times, relative to the prototype used in the Curiosity-type Mars rover’s suspension.
Geometric Education’s Problems Displaying in the “Geometry and Graphics” Journal
Authors: Sal'kov N.
Published: November 2020

The “Geometry and Graphics” journal is celebrating its eight-year birthday in 2020. It was set up in 2012. From the moment of its set up until 2016, it was the first period of the journal's life, when pedagogical papers were published three times more than the geometrical ones. In 2016 the journal was put in the list of the State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles in specialties 05.01.01 and 13.08.00. It was the second period in the journal's life. The number of scientific and pedagogical papers have become approximately equal, which indicates a more careful selection of papers for publication in the journal, as well as introduction the apparatus for independent peer review sorting out papers not falling outside the level of the State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles’ journal. In 2018 the specialty 13.08.00 was removed, only Engineering Geometry and Computer Graphics remained – the third period in the journal's life began, which was characterized by a sharp fall in the number of pedagogical papers, and little wonder. This trend has been demonstrated in the present paper. As a result, if in the first period pedagogical papers in the journal were equal to 3/4 of papers’ total number, in the third period pedagogical papers number had become only 1/4, that is, had decreased by 3 times. From 2019 (No. 4) Pedagogy has returned to the journal – the fourth period has started. Now in the journal there were two specialties again. When the pedagogical direction was again included in the list, the situation related to publication of pedagogical papers in the journal improved, and on the example of three recently published journal numbers, we can say that they began to publish in the journal technical and pedagogical papers in equal measure. This paper aims to show to the reader the scope of pedagogical issues in papers published in the journal and related to geometric education.
Comparison of topical nanocolloidal silver formulation use with eosin 2% solution in management of hard-to-heal ulcers in patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Abedini Robabeh , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Kordestani Soheila , Habib Farzaneh Nayeb , Abyaneh Mitra , Rahemi Homayoun
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To examine the effect of a nanocolloidal silver-based gel called SilvoGel (ChitoTech, Iran) versus eosin (prepared by Razi Hospital, Iran) among patients with immunobullous disease.

Method:

This blind, randomised controlled study was carried out on patients with pemphigus vulgaris who had hard-to-heal ulcers, divided into two equal-sized groups: one treatment group receiving the nanocolloidal silver-based gel and the control group receiving the conventional eosin.

Results:

A total of 32 patients participated in the study. In both the treatment and control groups, ulcer area, exudate and tissue type improved significantly (p<0.001 for all measures). A significantly higher rate of improvement in ulcer area was observed in the treatment group compared with the control group (p<0.001). Both patient and physician satisfaction were significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (p=0.003 and p=0.01, respectively).

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicate that use of the nanocolloidal silver-based gel for treating patients with immunobullous disease including pemphigus could potentially increase the rate and quality of wound healing.
Efficacy and safety of regenerated cellulose topical gauze haemostats in managing secondary haemostasis: a randomised control trial
Authors: Develle Robert , Schaerf Raymond , Najibi Sasan , Conrad John , Abate Gerard
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To compare the efficacy and safety of HemoStyp (United Health Products, US), a neutralised oxidised regenerated cellulose (NORC) and Surgicel (Johnson & Johnson, US), an oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC), in the management of bleeding of surgical wounds during abdominal, thoracic and vascular surgeries.

Method:

This study was a prospective, non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. Surgical procedures were performed according to expected standard of care and in compliance with all relevant laws and institutional guidelines. Patients who developed Lewis Bleeding Scale grade 1 and grade 2 bleeds not controlled through conventional techniques were randomised to either the NORC or ORC treatment arms. Bleeding was measured every 30 seconds after treatment, ending at five minutes after haemostasis was achieved or at 10 minutes if haemostasis was not achieved.

Results:

A total of 236 patients were included in the study. There was a total of seven adverse events in the study, none of which had causality related to either the NORC or ORC. For all surgical procedures, haemostasis was achieved more quickly with the NORC than the ORC (p<0.0001). In addition, haemostasis for all patients was achieved in under two minutes for the NORC compared with 81% of patients in the ORC groups. For Lewis Bleeding Scale grade 1 bleeds, the median time to control bleeding was 24 seconds in the NORC group and 51 seconds for the ORC group. For grade 2 bleeds, time to control bleeding was 76 seconds and 116 seconds, respectively.

Conclusion:

For patients in this study, haemostasis was achieved more quickly in the NORC treatment group compared with the ORC group, in patients with Lewis grade 1 or 2 bleeds caused by surgical wounds generated during abdominal, thoracic and vascular surgeries.
Addition of corticosteroid to periarticular injections reduces postoperative pain following total hip arthroplasty under general anaesthesia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kurosaka Kenji , Tsukada Sachiyuki , Ogawa Hiroyuki , Nishino Masahiro , Nakayama Tsutomu , Yoshiya Shinichi , Hirasawa Naoyuki
Published: November 2020

Aims

Although periarticular injection plays an important role in multimodal pain management following total hip arthroplasty (THA), there is no consensus on the optimal composition of the injection. In particular, it is not clear whether the addition of a corticosteroid improves the pain relief achieved nor whether it is associated with more complications than are observed without corticosteroid. The aim of this study was to quantify the safety and effectiveness of cortocosteroid use in periarticular injection during THA.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial involving patients scheduled for unilateral THA. A total of 187 patients were randomly assigned to receive periarticular injection containing either a corticosteroid (CS group) or without corticosteroid (no-CS group). Other perioperative interventions were identical for all patients. The primary outcome was postoperative pain at rest during the initial 24 hours after surgery. Pain score was recorded every three hours until 24 hours using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). The primary outcome was assessed based on the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

The CS group had a significantly lower AUC postoperatively at 0 to 24 hours compared to the no-CS group (AUC of VAS score at rest 550 ± 362 vs 392 ± 320, respectively; mean difference 158 mm; 95% confidence interval (CI) 58 to 257; p = 0.0021). In point-by-point evaluation, the CS group had significantly lower VAS scores at 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, and 48 hours. There were no significant differences in complication rates, including surgical site infection, between the two groups.

Conclusion

The addition of corticosteroid to periarticular injections reduces postoperative pain without increasing complication rate following THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(10):1297–1302.
Management of hamstring injuries: current concepts review
Authors: Chang Justin S. , Kayani Babar , Plastow Ricci , Singh Sandeep , Magan Ahmed , Haddad Fares S.
Published: November 2020

Injuries to the hamstring muscle complex are common in athletes, accounting for between 12% and 26% of all injuries sustained during sporting activities. Acute hamstring injuries often occur during sports that involve repetitive kicking or high-speed sprinting, such as American football, soccer, rugby, and athletics. They are also common in watersports, including waterskiing and surfing. Hamstring injuries can be career-threatening in elite athletes and are associated with an estimated risk of recurrence in between 14% and 63% of patients. The variability in prognosis and treatment of the different injury patterns highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to classify injuries accurately and plan the appropriate management.

Low-grade hamstring injuries may be treated with nonoperative measures including pain relief, eccentric lengthening exercises, and a graduated return to sport-specific activities. Nonoperative management is associated with highly variable times for convalescence and return to a pre-injury level of sporting function. Nonoperative management of high-grade hamstring injuries is associated with poor return to baseline function, residual muscle weakness and a high-risk of recurrence. Proximal hamstring avulsion injuries, high-grade musculotendinous tears, and chronic injuries with persistent weakness or functional compromise require surgical repair to enable return to a pre-injury level of sporting function and minimize the risk of recurrent injury.

This article reviews the optimal diagnostic imaging methods and common classification systems used to guide the treatment of hamstring injuries. In addition, the indications and outcomes for both nonoperative and operative treatment are analyzed to provide an evidence-based management framework for these patients.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(10):1281–1288.
Different reconstructive techniques for tumours of the distal tibia
Authors: Sambri Andrea , Dalla Rosa Mattia , Scorianz Maurizio , Guido Davide , Donati Davide M. , Campanacci Domenico A. , De Paolis Massimiliano
Published: November 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to report the results of three forms of reconstruction for patients with a ditsl tibial bone tumour: an intercalary resection and reconstruction, an osteoarticular reconstruction, and arthrodesis of the ankle.

Methods

A total of 73 patients with a median age of 19 years (interquartile range (IQR) 14 to 36) were included in this retrospective, multicentre study.

Results

Reconstructions included intercalary resection in 17 patients, osteoarticular reconstruction in 11, and ankle arthrodesis in 45. The median follow-up was 77 months (IQR 35 to 130). Local recurrence occurred in eight patients after a median of 14 months (IQR 9 to 36), without a correlation with adequacy of margins or reconstructive technique. Major complications included fracture of the graft in ten patients, nonunion of the proximal osteotomy in seven, and infection in five. In the osteoarticular group, three of 11 patients developed radiological evidence of severe osteoarthritis, but only one was symptomatic and required conversion to ankle arthrodesis. Functional evaluation showed higher values of the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores in the intercalary group compared with the others.

Conclusion

Preservation of the epiphysis in patients with a distal tibial bone tumour is a safe and effective form of limb-sparing treatment. It requires rigorous preoperative planning after accurate analysis of the imaging. When joint-sparing resection is not indicated, ankle arthrodesis, either isolated tibiotalar or combined tibiotalar and subtalar arthrodesis, should be preferred over osteoarticular reconstruction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(11):1567–1573.
Abstract Concept Instantiation with Context Relevance Measurement
Authors: Gu Shengwei , Luo Xiangfeng , Wang Hao , Huang Jing , Huang Subin
Published: November 2020

In different contexts, one abstract concept (e.g., fruit) may be mapped into different concrete instance sets, which is called abstract concept instantiation. It has been widely applied in many applications, such as web search, intelligent recommendation, etc. However, in most abstract concept instantiation models have the following problems: (1) the neglect of incorrect label and label incompleteness in the category structure on which instance selection relies; (2) the subjective design of instance profile for calculating the relevance between instance and contextual constraint. The above problems lead to false prediction in terms of abstract concept instantiation. To tackle these problems, we proposed a novel model to instantiate the abstract concept. Firstly, to alleviate the incorrect label and remedy label incompleteness in the category structure, an improved random-walk algorithm is proposed, called InstanceRank, which not only utilize the category information, but it also exploits the association information to infer the right instances of an abstract concept. Secondly, for better measuring the relevance between instances and contextual constraint, we learn the proper instance profile from different granularity ones. They are designed based on the surrounding text of the instance. Finally, noise reduction and instance filtering are introduced to further enhance the model performance. Experiments on Chinese food abstract concept set show that the proposed model can effectively reduce false positive and false negative of instantiation results.
Benchmarking Web API Quality – Revisited
Authors: Bermbach David , Wittern Erik
Published: November 2020

Modern applications increasingly interact with web APIs – reusable components, deployed and operated outside the application, and accessed over the network. Their existence, arguably, spurs application innovations, making it easy to integrate data or functionalities. While previous work has analyzed the ecosystem of web APIs and their design, little is known about web API quality at runtime. This gap is critical, as qualities including availability, latency, or provider security preferences can severely impact applications and user experience.

In this paper, we revisit a 3-month, geo-distributed benchmark of popular web APIs, originally performed in 2015. We repeat this benchmark in 2018 and compare results from these two benchmarks regarding availability and latency. We furthermore introduce new results from assessing provider security preferences, collected both in 2015 and 2018, and results from our attempts to reach out to API providers with the results from our 2015 experiments. Our extensive experiments show that web API qualities vary 1.) based on the geo-distribution of clients, 2.) during our individual experiments, and 3.) between the two experiments. Our findings provide evidence to foster the discussion around web API quality, and can act as a basis for the creation of tools and approaches to mitigate quality issues.
Chinese Shallow Semantic Parsing Based on Multi-method of Machine Learning
Authors: Wan Fucheng , He Xiangzhen , Zhang Dongjiao , Qi Guo , Zhu Ao , Lei  Zhang , Zenan Ning , Yicheng Wang
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of 5G+ information intelligence, higher requirements are put forward for accurate and efficient semantic annotation methods. Semantic role annotation for any single method at present has its obvious and complementary advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this paper attempts to introduce the above three mainstream and stable annotation methods into each task of semantic role annotation, and designs a Chinese semantic role annotation that integrates multi-method. This method integrates the statistical-based linear sequence method, the rule-based hierarchical tree method and the most advanced deep learning in the four processing modules of semantic role annotation. Multi-level linguistic features are introduced into the feature arrangement of the model to realize the mutual combination of multiple modules. Experiments show that the modular fusion of steps and methods effectively improves the annotation performance of each step of annotation.
Physico-chemical evaluation of soil resources in different regions of Taza – Taounate, Morocco
Authors: Rezouki Sanae , Allali Aimad , Louasté Bouchra , Eloutassi Noureddine , Fadli Mohamed
Published: November 2020

The area studied Taza-Taounate is a vast mountain range in north-central Morocco, characterized by a variation in bio-geographical factors that encourage a vibrant and diversified vegetation cover with a remarkable rate of endemism compared to Moroccan flora. Our work involves the physicochemical analysis of soils at seven stations in the study area. Three surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters using standard laboratory techniques at each station.

The results showed the clay fraction's dominance in S2 and S3 and the silt fraction in stations S1, S4, S5, S6, and S7. The studied soils have low levels of organic carbon (0.97% to 2.29%), high levels of CaCO3 (10.1% to 24.9%), and neutral and slightly alkaline pH (7.01to 7.81). The most dominant element in all stations is calcium exchangeable, with values ranging from 51.52 to 74.91 cmol+/kg. The other exchangeable basic cations (Mg2+, Na+, K+) have relatively low levels. CEC values vary between 36.12 and 81.13 cmol+/kg, indicating that our soil type is heavy to organic.
Backside light management of 4-terminal bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem PV modules evaluated under realistic conditions
Authors: Julien Arthur , Puel Jean-Baptiste , Lopez-Varo Pilar , Guillemoles Jean-François , Collin Stéphane
Published: November 2020

Perovskite/silicon tandem modules have recently attracted growing interest as a potential candidate for new generations of solar modules. Combined with a bifacial configuration it can lead to considerable energy yield improvement in comparison to conventional monofacial tandem solar modules. Optical modeling is crucial to analyze the optical losses of perovskite/silicon solar modules and achieve efficient light management. In this article we study the optical properties of four-terminal bifacial tandem modules, using metal-halide perovskite top solar cell and a conventional industrial crystalline silicon PERC bottom solar cell. We propose a method to analyze bifacial gains, improve back side light management and challenge it under realistic spectral conditions at several locations with various albedos. We show that both optimized designs for the back side show comparable advantages at all locations. These results are a good sign for the standardization of bifacial four-terminal perovskite/silicon modules.