bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ph.d.-vejlederkurser i Danmark: Status på indhold og diskussion af kvalitet
Authors: Kobayashi Sofie , Godskesen Mirjam , Wichmann-Hansen Gitte
Published: September 2021

I denne artikel kortlægger vi kompetenceudviklingsaktiviteter for ph.d.-vejledere i Danmark, hvilket ikke tidligere er gennemført systematisk. Syv ud af de otte danske universiteter udbød kompetence­udviklingsaktiviteter for ph.d.-vejledere. I alt identificerede vi 14 kurser/aktiviteter gennemført i 2015. Undersøgelsen er dels baseret på data fra en tematisk analyse af eksisterende kursusbeskrivelser og programmer, og dels på en spørgeskemaundersøgelse. Kortlægningen viser, at fire faglige temaer går igen i de fleste kurser; vejlederroller, relationer, understøttelse af den ph.d.-studerendes selvstændighed samt kommunikation. Kortlægningen diskuteres op imod international litteratur fra forskningsfeltet med særlig fokus på et australsk studie, hvor udbuddet af ph.d.-vejlederkurser kortlægges på otte store (forskningstunge) australske universiteter. Udbuddet i Danmark er forholdsvis ensartet sammenlignet med både Australien og aktiviteter rapporteret fra andre lande, hvor en større variation af formater er afprøvet, fx online kurser og uformelle læringscirkler. Herefter tages spørgsmålet om kvalitet i kompetenceudviklingsaktiviteterne op. Internationalt vurderes kvalitet i ph.d.-vejlederkurser på, hvorvidt det lykkes at få vejlederen til at reflektere over sin praksis. Vi har derfor valgt at diskutere kvalitet med udgangspunkt i Schön’s begreber om refleksion-over-praksis og refleksion-i-praksis (Schön, 1987). Målet er, at artiklen kan bruges af ph.d.-skoler og pædagogiske enheder til videreudvikling af deres udbud af kurser og andre initiativer målrettet ph.d.-vejledere.
Effekt af standardiserede studenterevalueringer på udvikling af undervisning
Authors: Christiansen Frederik Voetmann , Haag Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Undervisningen evalueres i stigende grad gennem studenterbaserede, standardiserede spørgeskemaer. Evalueringerne tjener flere formål, herunder kvalitetssikring og kvalitetsudvikling. Fokus i denne kvantitative undersøgelse er at finde ud af, om de standardiserede evalueringer forbedrer undervisningens kvalitet. Den grundlæggende hypotese er, at forbedringer burde føre til bedre resultater i evalueringerne over tid. Undersøgelsen er baseret på data fra bacheloruddannelsen i medicin ved Københavns Universitet. Vi beskriver udviklingen i de enkelte kurser i seks på hinanden følgende semestre fra 2011 til 2013 og analyserer udviklingen i enkeltspørgsmålene i spørgeskemaerne. Trods store udsving på tværs af semestrene finder vi ikke evidens for, at de standardiserede spørgeskemaer generelt forbedrer undervisningens kvalitet.
At lære sig "de kloge damers" sprog: Studerendes perspektiver på akademisk skrivning
Authors: Holm Lars , Clemensen Nana
Published: September 2021

Mange steder i verden har universiteter gradvist forandret sig fra elite- til masse-institutioner. Også i Danmark har et stigende antal ”non-traditional students” (Lil-lis, 2001) affødt en tilsvarende interesse for akademisk skrivning, f. eks. i oprettel-sen af akademiske skrivecentre og udgivelsen af akademiske skrivehåndbøger. Med afsæt i en kvalitativ interviewundersøgelse, belyst i et sociokulturelt perspektiv på akademisk tekstproduktion, undersøger vi 12 studerendes erfaringer med konventioner for akademisk tekstproduktion på Pædagogisk Antropologi – en kandidatuddannelse, som overvejende optager professionsbachelorer. Studerendes erfaringer fra undervisning, opgaveskrivning og studiegrupper analyseres i et academic literacies-perspektiv (Lea & Street, 1998) med særlig vægt på begrebet writer identity (Ivanič, 1998). Undersøgelsen viser, hvordan de studerende generelt orienterer sig mod en autoritativ forståelse af akademisk tekstproduktion, som de selv har ringe indflydelse på. I forlængelse heraf argumenterer vi for en Bakhtinsk inspireret dialogisme (Lillis, 2003) som en mulighed for at åbne et mere demokratisk rum for såvel studerende som undervisere.
Fuldt nummer
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: September 2021

DUT 23 har temaet  Nye perspektiver på evalueringsformer i universitetspædagogik. Det indeholder 5 videnskabelige, fagfællebedømte artikler og 4 anmeldelser af aktuelle bøger
Studielederen. Nyttig idiot eller maskinmester?
Authors: Wiedemann Finn
Published: September 2021

Formålet med artiklen er at identificere erfaringer med studieledelse på danske universiteter og diskutere de udfordringer og perspektiver, det har for varetagelse af funktionen med at sikre kvalitet og udvikling af universitetets undervisning og uddannelser. Empirisk tages der afsæt i studielederes selvrapporterede erfaringer. Analytisk inddrages bl.a. metaforanalyse inspireret af organisations- og ledelses-studier. Artiklen peger på, at studieledere primært arbejder med drift og tilpasning og kan karakteriseres som mellemledere uden formel kompetence. Konsekvensen er, at studieledere har dårlige muligheder for at varetage studiemæssige hensyn og interesser, fordi de står i en svag position over den stigende mængde krav og for-ventninger, de mødes med fra universitetets øvrige ledelse og omverdenen. Som en mulig løsning på denne problemstilling anbefales en professionaliseringsstrategi.
”Authentic Microteaching” som akademisk lærings- og undervisningsmodel
Authors: Jørgensen Steen Ingemann , Winther Helle , Svendler Nielsen Charlotte , Nybo Lars
Published: September 2021

Universitetsuddannelsen i idræt integrerer læring af praktiske kompetencer og akademisk faglig fordybelse. I denne artikel præsenterer vi ”authentic microtea-ching” som model, hvor medbestemmelse og formidlingsdimensionen indgår som centrale fokusområder i vores undervisning. Vores empiriske erfaringer med at ud-vikle modellen samt det lærings- og uddannelsesstrategiske sigte beskrives med udgangspunkt i et specifikt kursus, hvor vores studerende via små trefasede forløb bevæger sig fra at være deltagere i undervisning til selv at være formidlere af det faglige indhold i virkelighedsnære undervisningssituationer. I første fase introduce-res de studerende til praksisområdet i korte forløb tilrettelagt af universitetets un-dervisere, mens anden fase tager udgangspunkt i ”reciprocal peer teaching”, hvor de studerende underviser hinanden og udvikler deres egen praksis organiseret ud fra ”microteaching”-modellen. Tredje fase inkluderer korte undervisningsforløb med elever fra gymnasieskolen som deltagere i virkelighedsnære situationer ud fra ”au-tenthic pedagogy” og tilhørende refleksionspapirer (mini-underviser-portfolier) som parallel fordybelsesaktivitet.
Screening for technical flaws in multiple-choice items. A generalizability study.
Authors: O'Neill Lotte Dyhrberg , Mortensen Sara Mathilde Radl , Nørgård Cita , Øvrehus Anne Lindebo Holm , Friis Ulla Glenert
Published: September 2021

Construction errors in multiple-choice items are quite prevalent and constitute threats to test validity of multiple-choice tests. Currently very little research on the usefulness of systematic item screening by local review committees before test administration seem to exist. The aim of this study was therefore to examine validity and feasibility aspects of review committee screening for item flaws. We examined the reliability of item reviewers’ independent judgments of the presence/absence of item flaws with a generalizability study design and found only moderate reliability using five reviewers. Statistical analyses of actual exam scores could be a more efficient way of identifying flaws and improving average item discrimination of tests in local contexts. The question of validity of human judgments of item flaws is important - not just for sufficiently sound quality assurance procedures of tests in local test contexts - but also for the global research on item flaws.
Matematiktest som prædiktor af ingeniørstuderendes studiesucces
Authors: Midtiby Henrik Skov , Egemose Nadia Dyrberg
Published: September 2021

Mangel på ingeniører og andre STEM-uddannede vækker bekymring i Europa. Og Danmark er blandt de lande, som er særligt udfordrede. Internationale studier tyder på, at matematiske evner har prædiktiv værdi i forhold til STEM-studerendes studiesucces – et begreb der omfatter både præstationer og progression på uddannelsen. I dette studie undersøges det, hvorvidt to matematiktests kan forudsige danske ingeniørstuderendes studieprogression; studiegennemførelse og beståelse af førsteårsprøven. De studerende havde ikke forberedt sig på test 1, mens de havde mulighed for at forberede sig på test 2. I forhold til den første test tyder studiets fund på, at det i højere grad er den frivillige deltagelse i undervisningen, hvori testen indgik end selve testscoren, der har sammenhæng med studiesuccesen. Pointscoren i den anden test viste sig at være en middelstærk prædiktor af både frafald og beståelse af førsteårsprøven. Studiet bidrager med input til diskussionen om optagelsestests på danske videregående uddannelser samt til ønsket om tidligt at kunne identificere frafaldstruede studerende.
Designing Hybrid Learning Spaces in Higher Education
Authors: Hilli Charlotta , Nørgård Rikke Toft , Aaen Janus Holst
Published: September 2021

As Hybrid Learning Spaces move beyond distinctions between online and offline spaces, they challenge divisions between teacher/student roles, formal/informal contexts and analogue/digital communication and media. This article presents the concept of hybridity in higher education through a concrete example of a trans-national hybrid course collaboration between three teachers and thirty students at Aarhus University, Denmark and Åbo Akademi University, Finland. The course design is examined through theories on hybrid pedagogy, learning spaces and media ecology to suggest five design principles for Hybrid Learning Spaces. The paper argues that higher education has the potential of inviting students to learn in the world, with the world and for the world, in a way that cuts across traditional dichotomies and barriers.
DUT Guide: Peer-Feedback
Authors: Müllen Rikke von
Published: September 2021

Peer-feedback er et populært svar på flere forskellige udfordringer, de videregående uddannelser står overfor. Det er også en meget kompleks pædagogisk praksis med mange led, som på lige så mange måder kan kompromitteres med det resultat, at peer-feedback ikke fører til de læringsmål, der var intenderede. Denne artikel vil derfor give nogle både forskningsbaserede og praktisk afprøvede bud på, hvad de vigtigste principper er for den praktiske gennemførelse af peer-feedback.
Læringsdesign til udvikling af kvalitets- og bedømmelseskriterier i studerendes arbejde med kommunikationsprodukter på universitetet
Authors: Bengtsson Mette , Pedersen Rasmus Rex
Published: September 2021

I denne artikel diskuterer vi, hvordan kvaliteten kan fremmes i studerendes arbejde med kommunikationsprodukter på universitetet. Først redegør vi for den universitetspædagogiske litteratur om kvalitets- og bedømmelseskriterier og peger på, hvordan denne primært beskæftiger sig med undervisning i og bedømmelse af akademiske opgaver. Vi argumenterer for, at kommunikationsprodukter ikke i samme grad som de akademiske opgaver har faste kvalitetskriterier, og at de studerende derfor først må lære at diskutere kvalitet og kvalitetskriterier i en konkret kommunikationssituation for derefter at kunne udarbejde et godt kommunikationsprodukt til denne. Med afsæt i de undervisnings- og bedømmelsespraksisser for kommunikationsprodukter, som vi selv har været en del af, foreslår vi et læringsdesign, der dels kan bruges til at stilladsere udviklingen og ekspliciteringen af kvalitetskriterier for kommunikationsprodukter i undervisningen, dels kan bruges til eksamen for at sikre en faglig og fair bedømmelse.
Jagten på den gode opgave: Identifikation af kriterier og implementering af peer feedback i praksis
Authors: Jensen Laura Mark , Burmølle Mette , Johannsen Bjørn Friis , Bruun Jesper , Ellegaard Marianne
Published: September 2021

Denne artikel beskriver baggrunden for et pilotprojekt med formativ peer feedback på et karaktergivende essay på et stort obligatorisk bachelorkursus. Peer feedback blev implementeret hovedsageligt som svaret på et behov hos de studerende for mere feedback. Vi diskuterer teorien bag peer feedback som metode i undervisningen og udmøntningen af projektet, inklusive processen bag udformningen af kriterier for peer feedbacken. Gennem interviews med nogle af de involverede studerende og gennem de studerendes spørgsmål i processen fik vi indblik i, hvordan de studerende opfattede peer feedback-processen, hvad der virkede for dem, og hvilke udfordringer der opstod. Efterbehandlingen satte især fokus på det nyttige, for både undervisere og studerende, i at præcisere kriterier for en sådan opgave.
DUT Guide: Studielederråd
Authors: Dolin Jens
Published: September 2021

Studielederens officielle rolle er fastlagt i Universitetsloven:Studielederen har til opgave i samarbejde med studienævnet at forestå den praktisketilrettelæggelse af undervisning og af prøver og anden bedømmelse, der indgår i eksamen.Studielederen godkender opgaveformulering og afleveringstidspunkt for kandidatspecialetsamt i tilknytning hertil en plan for vejledningen af den studerende.(https://danskelove.dk/universitetsloven)Rollen er så løst beskrevet, at der er rig mulighed for fortolkning og udvikling af forskellige praksisser, og det er også, hvad der er sket. I sin ph.d. interviewede Thomas Harboe (2013) en række studieledere om deres opfattelse af studielederrollen, og der tegnede sig et billede af en løst defineret ledelsesfunktion, som var præget af forhandling og løse koblinger til deres omgivelser. Studielederne gav klart udtryk for, at deres arbejde var stærkt underlagt den New Public Management-politik, der på det tidspunkt gav sig udslag i styringsmæssige reformer, som de så skulle implementere. Sådan er det stadig. Uddannelsesområdet er præget af stramninger og kontrol og reguleringer, selv om der ses tendenser til, at andre værdier begynder at præge debatten og den førte politik. Men når universiteterne presses af NPMtiltag som fx akkreditering eller af nedskæringstiltag som fx fremdriftsreform og 2 % nedskæring, så er det ofte studielederen, der skal få det til at fungere.Studielederen er således en typisk mellemleder med mange opgaver og et ansvar for, at uddannelserne rent faktisk fungerer – uden formel kompetence til at bestemme over ressourcer og personale. Klemt mellem ledelse, VIP’ere/TAP’ere og studerende og under meget forskellige vilkår, hvad angår det timemæssige omfang af ledelsesfunktionen, og hvad angår nærhed til ledelsesstrengen, skal studielederen få enderne til at mødes på en måde som gør alle tilfredse – eller lige utilfredse.Således kan Harboe et al. (2017) slå fast, at studieledelse ”... kræver studieledere, der til stadighed kan balancere kompetent mellem pædagogisk og administrativ ledelse samt mellem det personlige, det lokale og det organisatoriske niveau på universitetet” (s. 48).Det følgende er nogle råd til at kunne navigere helskindet og helhjertet gennem studieledelsens minefyldte farvand.
DUT Guide: Strategies for criteria-aligned, fair and inclusive oral exams
Authors: Hurford Donna
Published: September 2021

The oral exam is an established assessment method in Danish higher education institutions (HEIs), favoured for its focus on oracy and authenticity. The planning and implementation of oral exams in Danish HEIs’ Programmes of Study provides the context for this guide’s discussion; however, the recommendations on inclusive practices are more widely applicable. This guide reviews current understanding of how oral exams can facilitate deep learning and strategies for ensuring they are criteriaaligned, fair and inclusive. The guide comprises ten practical points and links to further resources, which include praxis-based suggestions for teachers, examiners and censors with responsibility for oral exams.
Er der nogen – overhovedet?
Authors: Ulriksen Lars
Published: September 2021

Bidrag til DUT Tidskapsel
Coronanedlukningen førte til en stejl læringskurve, når det gjaldt at undervise. Frem for alt mindede den dog om, hvor stor betydning relationer og kontakt har i undervisningen.
Progression og innovation - hvordan kan de to begreber berige hinanden og universitetsundervisning?
Authors: Lynfort Jensen Tine
Published: September 2021

I denne artikel kobles begreberne innovation og progression til hinanden med afsæt i forfatterens erfaringer med innovationsundervisning af humaniorastuderende. Særligt fokuseres der på kompetenceafklaring som en løftestang for sammenkoblingen, idet studerendes bevidsthed om egne ressourcer kan bidrage til progressionen i undervisningsforløb. Der præsenteres en udviklet model med afsæt i denne form for undervisning, hvor progressionsbegrebet søges forstået og forklaret på tre niveauer. Slutteligt diskuteres, hvorledes innovation og progression som begreber og som undervisningsaktiviteter kan berige hinanden på universiteterne generelt.In the article, the concepts of innovation and progression are linked to one another based on the author’s experiences with teaching innovation to humanistic students. In particular, there is a focus on competency assessment as a foundation for this interrelation as the student’s awareness of their own resources contributes to progression in courses of study. A newly developed model is presented in the article. The concept of progression is understood and explained in the context of innovation teaching at three levels. Finally, it is discussed how innovation and progression as concepts and concrete forms of activity in the classroom can enrich each other within the university setting.
The extrabasinal elements in Lower Pennsylvanian floras of the Maritime Provinces, Canada: Description of Adiantites, Pseudadiantites and Rhacopteridium
Authors: Wagner Robert H.
Published: September 2021

Adiantites adiantoides (Lindley and Hutton) Kidston, Pseudadiantites sessilis (Roehl) Gothan and Pseudadiantites rhomboideus (Ettingshausen) comb. nov. are figured and described as well as Rhacopteridium speciosum (Ettingshausen) Hirmer, as part of a revision of lower Pennsylvanian floras of Nova Scotia. These species show a foliar branching structure which is described as "pseudopinnate" as against the fully planated pinnate structure of the Palaeozoic fern and pteridosperm fronds. Their systematic affinity is unknown. A discussion is presented of the genera Adiantites, Pseudadiantites, Aneimites, Palaeopteridium, and Triphyllopteris, and the problematic nature of the history of Adiantites is emphasised. The four species described are rare though rather more widespread than previous records suggested. Their occurrence is apparently linked to habitat and local palaeogeography rather than to considerations of general palaeogeographic distribution.
EMAIL VERSUS FACE-TO-FACE NEGOTIATIONS: PERSPECTIVES OF SALES AND CUSTOMER SERVICE EMPLOYEES IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Authors: Nazzal Alshammri Shaysh
Published: September 2021

This research aims to identify the differences between email negotiation and face-to-face negotiation with respect to negotiation process, negotiation flexibility, face-saving, level of collaboration, and appropriateness for cross-cultural negotiation. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the sales and customer service employees in many business organizations located in different regions of the United States of America. Data from 519 respondents (including both males and females) were analyzed using the one-sample t-test, two sample t-test, and Pearson Correlation. The findings reveal that the characteristics of face-to-face negotiation assist in smoothing the negotiation process more than that of email negotiation. Participants also tend to cooperate more in face-to-face negotiation than in email negotiation. However, participants prefer using email negotiation because they find it more flexible. They also feel that a face-threatening act is less likely to occur in an email negotiation than in a face-to-face negotiation. The findings also show that email negotiation could be more appropriate than face-to-face negotiation for the purpose of cross-cultural negotiation. This is because communicating via email minimizes the influence of culture on the negotiation process. Age and gender do not have any influence on the perspectives of participants regarding email negotiation versus face-to-face negotiation. The findings have significant implications for both business and dispute resolution. They contrast the differences between face-to-face negotiation and email negotiation and identify the situations in which each of these types could be most appropriate.
Research progress of photon response mechanism of superconducting nanowire single photon detector
Authors: Zhang Biao , Chen Qi , Guan Yan-Qiu , Jin Fei-Fei , Wang Hao , Zhang La-Bao , Tu Xue-Cou , Zhao Qing-Yuan , Jia Xiao-Qing , Kang Lin , Chen Jian , Wu Pei-Heng ,   Reaserch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Published: September 2021

Superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) plays a significant role in plenty of fields such as quantum information, deep space laser communication and lidar, while the mechanism of the photon response process still lacks a recognized theory. It is prerequisite and essential for fabricating high-performance SNSPD to understand in depth and clarify the photon response mechanism of the SNSPD. As mature theories on the SNSPD response progress, hot-spot model and vortex-based model both have their disadvantages: in the former there exists the cut-off wavelength and in the later there is the size effect, so they both need further improving. The Cut-off wavelength means that the detection efficiency of the SNSPD drops to zero with the increase of light wavelength, which is indicated by the hot-spot model but not yet observed in experiment. The size effect implies that the vortex does not exist in the weak link with the width less than 4.41ξ, where ξ is the GL coherence length. Phase slip is responsible for the intrinsic dissipation of superconductors, which promises to expound the SNSPD photon response progress and to establish a complete theory. This paper reviews and discusses the fundamental conception, the development history and the research progress of the hot-spot models, i.e. the vortex-based model and the superconductor phase slips, providing a reference for studying the SNSPD photon response mechanism.
A promising platform for predicting toxicity
Authors: Ochoa de Olza Maria
Published: September 2021

Organ-on-chip approaches could help researchers to better predict the toxicity of cancer immunotherapy drugs.
Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Medina Miguel Ángel , Meyer Wendy , Echeverri Carolina , Builes Natalia
Published: September 2021

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans comprende un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades inflamatorias cuyos principales componentes celulares son las células dendríticas y los macrófagos. El infiltrado inflamatorio puede afectar la piel y otros órganos, y el resultado clínico varía de leve a letal, dependiendo del subconjunto de células involucradas y el compromiso multisistémico. La demora en el diagnóstico puede ocurrir debido a su presentación inespecífica y a que los médicos tratantes no suelen sospecharla.Se reporta el caso de una lactante mayor a la cual, a pesar de múltiples consultas con síntomas inespecíficos pero característicos de la enfermedad, solamente se le pudo hacer el diagnóstico gracias a los hallazgos histopatológicos.
Retos y oportunidades en el estudio de vesículas extracelulares: contexto institucional a nivel mundial y situación actual en Colombia
Authors: Novoa-Herrán Susana
Published: September 2021

En la última década se ha incrementado el número de estudios y publicaciones sobre las vesículas extracelulares y los exosomas. En Colombia, ha habido interés y avances en su estudio, lo que se evidencia en el aumento de publicaciones y proyectos de investigación. Sin embargo, este es un campo de investigación aún en desarrollo, con desafíos analíticos y limitaciones técnicas, por lo cual, en el planteamiento de los proyectos de investigación y desarrollo, es necesario considerar cuál es el estado del campo científico a nivel mundial en cuanto a la nomenclatura y la clasificación de las vesículas extracelulares, las técnicas, recursos, requisitos y especificaciones de calidad y las instituciones que regulan el campo. La respuesta a esta pregunta permitirá desarrollar estudios que cumplan con los estándares internacionales, y las exigencias y recomendaciones institucionales. Sin embargo, la información científica disponible se encuentra dispersa y no todos los aspectos son tratados a cabalidad.En este actualización se condensa la información disponible y se presentan los términos oficiales para denominar las vesículas extracelulares y la nomenclatura aceptada actualmente, así como la evolución del campo, la homogenización de los parámetros experimentales, el establecimiento de autoridades científicas, instituciones y recursos, y las recomendaciones que se han generado a nivel mundial para el desarrollo de investigaciones en vesículas extracelulares, incluidos su aislamiento, caracterización y estudio funcional. Por último, se analiza el contexto nacional de una forma crítica, teniendo en cuenta las fortalezas institucionales, los errores usualmente cometidos, y las técnicas y tecnologías analíticas disponibles.
Análisis farmacogenético retrospectivo de una paciente pediátrica en tratamiento anticoagulante: caso clínico
Authors: Cavieres Mirta , Suárez Marcelo , Verón Gabriel , Quiñones Luis Abel , Varela Nelson Miguel
Published: September 2021

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 10 años diagnosticada con miocardiopatía dilatada, quien registró valores en el índice internacional normalizado (International Normalized Ratio, INR) superiores a 10 con la dosis estándar de acenocumarol, además de otros valores que indicaban el estado incoagulable, lo que obligó a suspender y reiniciar el tratamiento en varias ocasiones. Después de más de 30 días de tratamiento, sorprendentemente se lograron los niveles esperados y estables en el INR con la mitad de a dosis recomendada para una paciente de su edad y peso.Se decidió hacer un análisis farmacogenético retrospectivo del caso mediante RT-PCR con sondas TaqMan™ que incluyó cinco polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido y distinto grado de asociación con la dosis-respuesta a los fármacos antivitamínicos K (AVK): rs2108622 (gen CYP4F2), rs9923231, rs7294 (gen VKORC1), rs1799853 y rs1057910 (gen CYP2C9). La paciente resultó ser homocigota para el rs9923231 (VKORC1) y heterocigota para el rs2108622 (CYP4F2). Se ha evidenciado a nivel nacional e internacional que este perfil genético está fuertemente asociado con una necesidad de dosis menores de antivitamínicos K.En conclusión, el análisis farmacogenético confirmó que la condición genética de la paciente, la cual conlleva una baja expresión de la enzima VKORC1 (blanco terapéutico de los antivitamínicos K), hacía predecible la necesidad de una dosis menor a la establecida según los protocolos clínicos recomendados por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) y PharmGKB™ para los fármacos cumarínicos.
Bilateral back squat strength is increased during a 3-week undulating resistance training program with and without variable resistance in DIII collegiate football players
Authors: Sawyer Jason , Higgins Paul , Cacolice Paul A. , Doming Troy
Published: September 2021

Background

Optimizing training adaptations is of the utmost importance for the strength and conditioning professional. The pre-season of any sport is particularly important to ensure preparedness of the athletes. In DIII Collegiate Football pre-season consists of approximately 3 weeks. The abbreviated time of the pre-season increases the importance of optimizing training using safe methods, including alternative loading strategies. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a 3-week variable resistance training VRT during an undulating (UL) resistance training program elicited a greater increase in back squat strength compared to traditional loading methods.

Methods and Materials

Forty DIII Football players (age range: 18–25 years) participated in a 3-week UL bilateral back squat (BBS) program. Both groups performed the BBS 3 times per week with a minimum of 24 hours between exercise sessions. The control group (C) (n = 20) (height = 182.3 + 5.1 cm, body mass: pre = 102.8 ± 17.7 kg, post = 104.1 ± 17.8 kg) used traditional loading methods (i.e., Olympic weights only) and the experimental group (E) (n = 20) (height = 180.7 ± 8.0 cm, body mass: pre = 100.3 ± 27.1 kg, post = 101.0 ± 27.7 kg) used traditional loading methods and variable resistance (i.e., resistance bands). The variable resistance accounted for approximately 20% of the total resistance while 80% of the resistance was supplied by traditional loading methods.

Results

When all data was pooled, subjects had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in 1-RM BBS from pre (154.2 + 26.1 kg) to post (166.8 + 26.2 kg), with a percent increase of 8.13% at the completion of the 3-week training program. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the C and E groups for muscular strength, muscular power, or vertical jump. Volume-loads were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between groups for any of the weeks (C: Week 1 = 858.1 + 101.3, Week 2 = 588.6 + 69.2, Week 3 = 332.5 + 38.9, Total = 1179.2 + 209.4 vs. E: Week 1 = 835.2 + 179.7, Week 2 = 572.2 + 123.4, Week 3 = 323.5 + 68.8, Total = 1730.9 + 371.8) or for the pre-season as a whole.

Conclusion

A traditional UL resistance training program and training program with variable resistance are both effective methods at increasing back squat strength during 3 weeks of training. Resistance band variable resistance (VR) does not enhance training effects within a 3-week mesocycle greater than traditional resistance.
Crop Geometry and Nitrogen Levels Influence on Growth, Yield and Economics of Compact Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Rainfed Vertisols
Authors: Nayak B. B. , Bharathi S. , Rekha M. Sree , Jayalalitha K.
Published: September 2021

Aims: To study the effect of crop geometry and nitrogen levels on compact cotton genotype in rainfed vertisols condition.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with a factorial concept with 3 levels of crop geometry and four levels of nitrogen with 12 treatment combinations and replicated thrice.

Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted on vertisols under rainfed conditions at Regional Agricultural Research Station Lam, Guntur during the year 2018 – 2019.

Methodology: The treatments consisted of three crop geometries S1 – 60 cm × 10 cm, S2- 75 cm × 10 cm, S3- 90 cm × 45 cm in combination with four nitrogen levels N1- 45kg N ha-1, N2- 90kg N ha-1, N3- 135 kg N ha-1, N4- 180 kg ha-1.

Results: Closer crop geometry of 60 cm × 10 cm recorded taller plants and maximum dry matter accumulation, functional leaves per square meter, leaf area index, maximum chlorophyll content, number of bolls per square meter and seed cotton yield per ha-1, net returns and returns per rupee. However, the number of sympodial branches per plant and sympodial length was highest with wider crop geometry of 90 cm × 45 cm. All the growth and yield parameters recorded were maximum with the application of 180Kg N ha-1 than all the other levels of nitrogen tested.

Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the Crop geometry of 60cm × 10 cm  with application of 135 kg N ha-1  was found to be optimum to realize of maximum seed cotton yield and net returns.
The Value of Serum Adiponectin in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Deghaidy Hagar Abd Elrahman , Ahmed Mona Khalid Omar Amira Youssef , Rakha Elsayed Fetouh
Published: September 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women at reproductive age associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. It may be the most common cause of anovulation, early pregnancy loss, and later pregnancy complications. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine and is mainly secreted from visceral fat cells. It might be responsible for the metabolic and neuroendocrine derangements characteristic of obesity and obesity-related disease, such as PCOS. We aimed to evaluate the level of serum adiponectin in PCOS and the potential use of adiponectin as a biomarker for PCOS.

Methods: This case control study was carried on 100 patients, aged between 20–35 years, who were equally divided into four groups based on the diagnosis of PCOS; 2 case groups and 2 control groups. Group 1 were non-obese PCOS subjects with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2. Group 2 were obese PCOS subjects with BMI >25 kg/m2. Control groups were selected as; group 3 were non-obese control group with BMI <25 kg/m2. Group 4 were obese control group with BMI >25 kg/m2.

Results: Adiponectin was significantly lower in group 1 than group 3 and 4 (P2 and P3 <0.001). While it was significantly lower in group 2 than group 1, 3 and 4 and was significantly lower in group 4 than group 3 (P1 = 0.021, P4 and P5 <0.001).

Conclusion: Serum adiponectin level may be taken into consideration as a biomarker for confirmation of PCOS diagnosis. The relationship between adiponectin and BMI suggests that adiponectin could serve as a marker for disease risk and provide opportunity for earlier intervention.
Morphometric Evaluation of Frontal and Maxillary Sinuses and Bizygomatic Distance of Igbos In South-East and Ogonis in South-South Nigeria Using Computerized Tomography Scan
Authors: Anyanwu Godson Emeka , Ezeofor Salome Nwaelom , Obikili Emmanuel Nebuwa , Ugbor Ekene Valentine
Published: September 2021

Background: Radiological identification is important in clinical, surgical and forensic medicine particularly in the absence of comparative deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) samples and fingerprints. Aim is to establish the morphometry of frontal sinus (FS), maxillary sinus (MS) and bizygomatic distance (BZD) and their relationship with age and gender in Igbos and Ogonis of Nigeria using computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Head CT scans of 625 subjects (477 Igbos and 148 Ogonis) between 18 and 85 years, showing normal FS, MS and BZD, were measured using DICOM viewer software. The Igbos and Ogonis were 247 males and 230 females; 84 males and 64 females respectively. The height, width and depth of the sinuses, intermaxillary sinus distances (IMD) and BZD were measured in centimeters (cm). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and difference between groups was obtained using one way ANOVA. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Mean values for the right and left MS volume for the Igbos are 13.79 ±10.91 and 13.81±11.03 and for the Ogonis 20.84±5.83 and 20.19±5.59 cm respectively. All FS dimensions are higher in the Igbos (P<0.001) except right FS depth. Mean IMD are 3.64±0.50 and 3.39±0.45 cm in the Igbos and Ogonis respectively (P<0.001). Ogonis have higher BZD (P>0.05). In both groups, males had larger values in both FS depth, MS dimensions and BZD (P<0.001). Age correlated positively with left FS height and IMD. Prevalence of unilateral FS aplasia was 3.35% on the right and 1.47% on the left among the Igbos while the Ogonis have 2.03% on the right and 2.70% on the left. Bilateral FS aplasia was 2.94% among the Igbos but not observed among the Ogonis.

Conclusion: Normative values is established. Ethnic differences exists with Igbos significantly having higher values of FS and IMD while in the Ogonis, the MS dimensions are higher. These findings would act as a guide for facial reconstructive surgeries, forensic experts and classification of fossil remains in anthropology.
A Simple and Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for Determination and Quantification of Potential Genotoxic Impurities in the Vismodegib Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
Authors: Rao Rayala Rama , Kumar Gundapaneni Ravi , Vardhan Vadde Megha , Boddu Veeraswami
Published: September 2021

A rapid and sensitive LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of four potential genotoxic impurities Imp-A (2-chloro-5-nitroaniline), Imp-B (1-chloro-2-iodo-4-nitrobenzene), Imp-C (1-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-one) and Imp-D (2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid) in Vismodegib API drug sample. This trace analysis was achieved on CSH C18, 15.0 cm x 3.0 mm, 1.7 micron column maintained at 45°C. Optimal mobile phase consisted of 0.05% formic acid in water was used as mobile phase A and acetonitrile used as mobile phase B in gradient mode with the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The developed method had the short run time of 12 minutes. Quantification of four potential genotoxic impurities were carried out using mass detection with electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was linear in the range of 0.03 ppm to 1.50 ppm for four potential genotoxic impurities with a correlation coefficient not less than 0.999. The recoveries were found satisfactory over the range between 96.67 and 106.90% for all selected impurities. The developed method was able to quantitate all four PGIs at a concentration level of 0.03 ppm (0.03 ppm with respect to 20 mg /mL Vismodegib).
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) In-Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for Pancreaticobiliary Disorders
Authors: Kumar M. Vignesh
Published: September 2021

This is a prospective study done to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in patients undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for pancreaticobiliary disorders.Majority of the study participants were males (63.3%), while the rest 36.78% of them were females and periampullary carcinoma (11.7%) and common bile duct calculus (11.7%) are the common cause of obstruction found on MRCP followed by malignant stricture (10%). The extent of obstruction was determined in most of the study participants (91.7%) by MRCP while the rest 8.3% were not determined by MRCP. The Common bile duct calculus (11.7%) is the common cause of obstruction on ERCP followed by malignant stricture (10%) and Periampullary carcinoma (10%) and 20% of the patients were found to be normal in ERCP. Among them, 71.4 % did not show MRCP and the association was found to be significant. (p- Value < 0.00).
Coping, resilience, and emotional well-being in pharmacy students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fuentes Andrea V. , Jacobs Robin J. , Ip Eric , Owens Ryan E. , Caballero Joshua
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the significant contributions of coping, resilience, personal characteristics, and health behaviors on the emotional well-being of pharmacy students during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 was identified in December 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Pharmacy students may experience greater stress during this outbreak because of interruptions in classes or rotations, concerns regarding personal or family health, and social isolation from peers. These changes may result in behavior shifts, difficulty concentrating, and increased use of negative coping strategies. The extent to which these factors affect overall student well-being during a pandemic is largely unknown.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 3 colleges of pharmacy was completed during May to July 2020 via an online, anonymous 64-item questionnaire using REDCap software. Linear regression and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.

Results

Using the enter method, levels of coping strategies, personal resilience, and Hispanic ethnic identity explain 29% of the variance in emotional well-being scores in pharmacy students during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic (F (2,76) = 11.785, P < .000, R2 = 0.317, R2adjusted = 0.291). For this sample (N = 104), higher levels of resilience, greater use of coping strategies, and identifying as Hispanic were significant predictors of emotional well-being.

Discussion

Student mental health continues to be important, especially during crises and pandemics. Therefore, pharmacy programs should cultivate an environment that supports the emotional well-being of their students. Campus-based initiatives may be needed to encourage healthy coping behaviors and bolster students' personal resilience to better prepare them for providing front-line patient care in the future.
COVID-19 reinfection in a patient with a serious mental illness within a long-term inpatient psychiatric care hospital
Authors: Englett Brianna , Magdalany Amy , Gordon Tiffany L. , Holladay Kelly
Published: September 2021

There is an increasing number of case reports of COVID-19 reinfection. The mechanism of reinfection is poorly understood and evolving. Prevention of the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 for those with a serious mental illness (SMI) living in a congregate setting presents unique challenges. In this case report, we describe an individual with an SMI in a long-term inpatient psychiatric care hospital who was initially diagnosed in June 2020 with COVID-19 infection via a polymerase chain reaction test. Approximately 6 months later, the patient presented with a COVID-19 reinfection and more severe COVID-like symptoms.
Adipocytokines and Associations With Abnormal Body Composition in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , Katz Patricia , Weber David R. , Gould Patrick , George Michael D. , Long Jin , Zemel Babette S. , Giles Jon T.
Published: September 2021

Objective

We determined associations between adipokines and abnormal body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Combining data from three RA cohorts, whole‐body dual‐energy absorptiometry measures of appendicular lean mass and fat mass indices were converted to age‐, sex‐, and race‐ and ethnicity‐specific Z scores. Lean mass relative to fat mass was determined based on prior methods. Independent associations between body composition profiles and circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐21 were assessed using linear and logistic regression models adjusting for demographic characteristics and study cohort. We also determined the improvement in the area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of low lean mass when adipokines were added to predictive models that included clinical factors such as demographic characteristics, study, and body mass index (BMI).

Results

Among 419 participants, older age was associated with higher levels of all adipokines, whereas higher C‐reactive protein level was associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher FGF‐21 levels. Greater fat mass was strongly associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher leptin and FGF‐21 levels. Higher levels of adiponectin, leptin, and FGF‐21 were independently associated with low lean mass. The addition of adiponectin and leptin levels to regression models improved prediction of low lean mass when combined with demographic characteristics, study, and BMI (AUC 0.75 vs. 0.66).

Conclusion

Adipokines are associated with both excess adiposity and low lean mass in patients with RA. Improvements in the prediction of body composition abnormalities suggest that laboratory screening could help identify patients with altered body composition who may be at greater risk of adverse outcomes.
Robust frequency control in a standalone microgrid: An adaptive fuzzy based fractional order cascade PD‐PI approach
Authors: Annamraju Anil , Bhukya Laxman , Nandiraju Srikanth
Published: September 2021

In addition to low system inertia and stochastic nature of the load, the intermittent nature of renewable output power causes hefty frequency deviations in a standalone microgrid (SMG) that lead to weakening and blackout of SMG. Hence in the SMG, the frequency control issue is always a challenging issue for the operators. To enhance the frequency stability of MG, the control action needs to be more efficient and robust. To answer the above challenge, in this article, a novel adaptive fuzzy based fractional order cascade PD‐PI controller is proposed for frequency control of SMG. The proposed controller inherits the merits of both fuzzy and fractional order cascade PD‐PI controllers by ignoring the individual limitations. The parameters of the proposed controller are tuned using a recently developed future search algorithm. The proposed controller is tested against various load and renewable disturbances on a real‐time MG test system. The simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed controller and algorithm enhance the dynamic response of SMG significantly compared to various powerful controllers in the literature. Moreover, the proposed controller performance is more robust to the uncertainties in the MG and energy storage system as compared to the various robust controllers in the literature.
A Printed Wireless Triangle‐Wave Generator via a Smartphone
Authors: Jung Younsu , Shrestha Sagar , Lim Namsoo , Park Hyejin , Sun Junfeng , Park Jinhwa , Parajuli Sajjan , Shrestha Kiran , Kim Seongryeong , Cho Gyoujin
Published: September 2021

An all‐printed wireless triangle‐wave generator is needed to produce a printed wireless and disposable cyclic voltammetry (CV)‐based biosensor to detect redox‐active analytes. The generator should produce positive and negative potentials from the smartphone's near‐field‐communication (NFC) (13.56 MHz) carrier signal. However, the printed triangle‐wave generator that contains rectenna and a ring oscillator fails to wirelessly operate with a smartphone because the polarized (±) DC power from the NFC carrier signal of the smartphone could not be provided through the utilization of a printed Schottky diode. Herein, an n‐type indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)‐based ink is formulated to print the Schottky junction with a high work function of the printed electrode provided by in situ doping of printed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on Ag electrode. The printed IGZO‐based rectenna could wirelessly harvest polarized (±) DC 10 V from the smartphone to generate a triangle wave with positive and negative potentials through the printed ring oscillator.
Enhanced Mass Transfer of Oxygen through a Gas–Liquid–Solid Interface for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Li Lejing , Xu Liangpang , Hu Zhuofeng , Yu Jimmy C.
Published: September 2021

Solar‐driven photocatalytic oxygen reduction is a potentially sustainable route for the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, this approach suffers from the limited solubility and slow diffusion of oxygen in water. Another problem is that most photocatalytic oxygen reduction systems do not work well with just water. They often require the addition of sacrificial agents such as alcohols. Here, a covalent organic framework (COF)‐based photocatalyst that can reduce O2 to H2O2 efficiently in pure water under visible‐light irradiation is reported. A solar‐to‐chemical conversion of 0.76% is achieved for H2O2 generation. More importantly, the hydrophobic and mesoporous properties of triphenylbenzene‐dimethoxyterephthaldehyde‐COF allow the formation of a triphase interface (gas–liquid–solid) when loading this catalyst onto a porous substrate. The H2O2 production rate reaches ≈2.9 mmol gcat−1 h−1 at the triphase interface by overcoming the mass‐transfer limitation of O2 in water. Notably, this rate is 15 times higher than that in a diphase system (liquid–solid). The photoelectrochemical tests reveal that the increase in yield is closely related to the enhanced mass‐transfer rate and the higher interfacial O2 concentration. Furthermore, the triphenylbenzene part is identified as the reactive site based on theoretical calculations.