bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Iris Melanocytoma Demonstrating Diffuse Melanocytic Proliferation with Uncontrolled Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Kusunose Mami , Sakino Yuji , Noda Yoshihiro , Daa Tsutomu , Kubota Toshiaki
Published: March 2017

We report a rare case with histologically proven melanocytoma of the iris that demonstrated diffuse melanocytic proliferation with uncontrolled secondary glaucoma and investigate the etiology of the intraocular pressure elevation. The patient was a 78-year-old man with a history of darkened iris of his left eye. The intraocular pressure was 39 mm Hg. A slit-lamp examination showed a diffuse darkened iris, and a gonioscopic examination revealed open angle with circumferential heavy pigmentation. There was no pigment dispersion of the anterior chamber and no pigment deposition of the cornea. We suspected malignant ring melanoma in the left eye and enucleated it. The globe was examined with light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed the presence of heavily pigmented tumor cells in the iris, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, and Schlemm’s canal. A bleached preparation showed large tumor cells with central and paracentral nuclei without mitosis. Electron microscopy of the trabecular meshwork revealed melanin-bearing tumor cells invading the intertrabecular spaces, and the melanin granules were not phagocytosed in the trabecular cells. The mechanical obstruction of the aqueous flow by the tumor cells may be a major cause of secondary glaucoma in eyes with iris melanocytoma presenting diffuse proliferation.
Sleep Disorder as a Triggering Factor for Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Rezaali Saeed , Hosseiny Melina , Doosti Rozita , Tajik Ali , Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza
Published: March 2017

Background/Aims: To determine the effect of sleep disturbances on predisposing multiple sclerosis (MS) patients for acute relapse. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 80 MS patients including 40 patients in the remission phase and 40 in the relapse phase. Patients were asked to fill in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to determine their sleep quality during the previous month. Individuals with scores of 5 or less were considered having normal sleep quality. Results: Mean ± SD ages were 32.5 ± 7.7 and 30.2 ± 7.2 years among patients with and without acute relapses, respectively (p > 0.05). The mean disease duration and disease severity (according to Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) were comparable across the groups (p > 0.05). Among those with and without acute exacerbations, 87.5 and 50% had poor sleep quality, respectively (p = 0.0001), with OR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.25-2.43). The age, gender, EDSS, and disease duration did not associate with sleep quality in either groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that sleep disturbance might be a trigger for an acute MS exacerbation. Increasing the awareness of specialists and routine screening of sleep disorders in MS patients are warranted, as treatment of these disorders might decrease the likelihood of acute relapses.
The Versatile Role of microRNA-30a in Human Cancer
Authors: Wang Changqian , Yang Xiang , Chen Yitian , Chen Longbang
Published: March 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNA molecules of 20-23 nucleotides length that negatively regulate gene expressions in numerous cellular processes. Through complementary paring with target mRNAs, miRNAs have frequently emerged as dual regulators of cancer development by acting on multiple signaling pathways, thereby act as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to treatment. As one of them, miR-30a has been found to act as an onco-suppressor of tumorigenesis pathways through inhibition of cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. Simultaneously, miR-30a plays a progressing role in several types of cancer, determined by relevant target genes as well. In the present review, we summarize recent research regarding miR-30a, including its biological function, expression and regulation, especially focusing on its role in cancer development and progression. Clinically, miR-30a may serve as a potential target in the diagnosis and therapy of human cancer.
Lack of Prenylated Proteins, Autophagy Impairment and Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Model of Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency
Authors: Tricarico Paola Maura , Romeo Alessandra , Gratton Rossella , Crovella Sergio , Celsi Fulvio
Published: March 2017

Background/Aims: Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency (MKD), is a hereditary disease due to mutations in mevalonate kinase gene (MVK). MKD has heterogeneous clinical phenotypes: the correlation between MVK mutations and MKD clinical phenotype is still to be fully elucidated. Deficiency of prenylated proteins has been hypothesized as possible MKD pathogenic mechanism. Based on this hypothesis and considering that neurologic impairment characterizes Mevalonic Aciduria (MA), the most severe form of MKD, we studied the effects of I268T and N301T MVK mutations on protein prenylation, autophagy and programmed cell death in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were transiently transfected, with the pCMV-6 plasmid containing MVK wild type and the two mutated sequences. Protein prenylation levels were evaluated using GFP-RhoA-F to assess farnesylation, and GFP-RhoA to evaluate geranylgeranylation; autophagy was measured by evaluating LC3 and p62 protein levels, while Annexin V-FITC and Propidium Iodide staining allowed apoptosis detection. Results: MVK mutants’ over-expression causes decreased levels of farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, and also increased LC3 lipidation in SH-SY5Y, with concomitant p62 accumulation. Treatment with bafilomycin A1 (an inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPase, a late autophagy inhibitor) further increase LC3-II and p62 levels, suggesting that degradation of autophagolysosome could be impaired. SH-SY5Y, with both MVK mutants, showed apoptosis increase; the presence of N301T associated with augmented cell death. Conclusions: We hypothesize that mevalonate pathway impairment causes alteration of farnesylation and geranylgeranylation proteins and alteration of the autophagic flux; these changes can induce apoptosis, possibly more relevant in the presence of N301T mutation.
TAK-242 Protects Against Apoptosis in Coronary Microembolization-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats by Suppressing TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Xian-tao , Lu Yuan-xi , Sun Yu-han , He Wen-kai , Liang Jia-bao , Li Lang
Published: March 2017

Background/Aims: Myocardial apoptosis is heavily implicated in the myocardial injury caused by coronary microembolization (CME), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is considered to be involved in this apoptotic cascade. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the role of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway regulated by TAK-242, a selective TLR4 signal transduction inhibitor, in the myocardial apoptosis after CME in rats. Methods: Forty-five rats were randomized (random number) into three groups: sham, CME and CME + TAK-242 (n = 15 per group).CME was induced by injecting polyethylene microspheres (42µm) into the left ventricular except the sham group. CME + TAK-242 group was treated with TAK-242 (2mg/kg) via the tail vein 30 minutes before CME modeling. Cardiac function was evaluated 6 hours after operation. Tissue biopsy was stained with HBFP to measure the size of micro-infarction area. TUNEL staining was used to detect myocardial apoptosis. Western blot and qPCR were used to evaluate the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-IκBα and Cleaved caspase-3. Results: Cardiac function in the CME group and CME + TAK-242 group were significantly decreased compared with the sham group (P < 0.05) and the micro-infarction area, the apoptotic index, the expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, p-IκBα and Cleaved caspase-3 were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Cardiac function in the CME + TAK-242 group was significantly improved compared with the CME group (P < 0.05) and the micro-infarction area, the apoptotic index, the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-IκBα and Cleaved caspase-3 were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusions: TAK-242 can effectively improve CME-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and then reducing the myocardial apoptosis.
Association of Interleukin-10 Polymorphisms (rs1800872, rs1800871, and rs1800896) with Predisposition to IgA Nephropathy in a Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gao Jie , Wei Linting , Fu Rongguo , Wei Jiali , Niu Dan , Wang Li , Ge Heng , Yu Qiaoling , Wang Meng , Liu Xinghan , Zhang Wanggang
Published: March 2017

Background/Aims: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Previous studies indicated that IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) play an important role in IgAN pathogenesis, but the results were controversy. This study aimed to investigate the association between IL-10 SNPs (rs1800872, rs1800871, and rs1800896) with IgAN in a Chinese Han population. Methods: We conducted a case–control study that included 351 patients with IgAN and 310 age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Three promoter SNPs (rs1800872, rs1800871, and rs1800896) of IL-10 were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the relationship with IgAN. Results: We found that the rs1800896 did not correlate with IgAN risk, whereas rs1800872 and rs1800871 were significantly associated with increased IgAN risk in all genetic models. The haplotype analysis indicated that the CCA haplotype was associated with increased IgAN risk (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.05–1.75). Moreover, there were no associations between these SNPs and blood pressure or gender, whereas the rs1800896 variant was correlated with higher 24-hour urine protein in patients with IgAN. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that IL-10 is a susceptibility gene in patients with IgAN.
Diagnóstico para melhoria contínua nas Bibliotecas Escolares do município de Indaial/SC
Authors: Vahldick Viviane , Vianna William Barbosa , Karpinsky Cezar , Pinto Marli Dias de Souza
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do estudo é identificar elementos para um diagnóstico da realidade de oito (08) bibliotecas municipais objetos de estudo, aderentes a proposta,  para subsidiar elaboração de um plano de melhoria baseado na proposta da IFLA e da lei 12.244/10. Justifica-se pela necessidade de avançar em práticas e políticas públicas que fomentam a qualidade da educação e pela existência de um estudo preliminar realizado em 2006. O estudo caracteriza-se como qualitativo, indutivo e utiliza como instrumentos de intervenção questionário e entrevistas semi-estruturados e observação. Resultou na identificação de pontos fortes, pontos fracos, ameaças e oportunidade.
Mediação de lendas urbanas na Biblioteca Pública Municipal Lupércio Luppi
Authors: Pereira Ana Paula , Almeida Marinalva Luiza de , Santos Neto João Arlindo dos
Published: March 2017

Aborda a mediação da leitura e a contação de histórias como atividades essenciais para as crianças. Destaca que a leitura da palavra escrita está associada a outras leituras possíveis de serem realizadas. Salienta que os familiares, os professores e os bibliotecários são os principais mediadores de leitura na vida das crianças. Defende que as lendas urbanas são narrativas culturais e coletivas, produto do conhecimento popular, que podem ser utilizadas na mediação da leitura. Tem como objetivos investigar a mediação de lendas urbanas na Biblioteca Pública Municipal Lupércio Luppi e demonstrar o significado da apropriação das lendas urbanas pelas crianças nas atividades de contação de histórias. Como método de pesquisa foi utilizado a observação e análise de uma contação de lendas urbanas da cidade de Londrina. Conclui que a mediação da leitura contribui para o desenvolvimento da criança, assim como para a formação do gosto pela leitura, sendo necessário o envolvimento dos familiares, dos professores e dos bibliotecários.
Liderar, ensinar e apoiar: o papel e a expertise do bibliotecário escolar da Flórida para uma reflexão no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Duarte Adriana Bogliolo Sirihal
Published: March 2017

O artigo apresenta dados sobre os bibliotecários e as bibliotecas escolares do estado da Flórida (Estados Unidos) com o objetivo de provocar uma reflexão sobre a formação do bibliotecário brasileiro. Os dados foram obtidos através de dois métodos: a observação simples, com a participação em uma conferência anual da associação de bibliotecários do estado da Flórida, conhecida como Florida Association of Media in Education (FAME) e a análise documental de vários guias que norteiam os bibliotecários daquele estado: o ExC3EL – conjunto de documentos que apresenta diretrizes para organização e avaliação da biblioteca e de seu programa educativo; o READS – conjunto de documentos que oferece um programa sistematizado de leitura para ser desenvolvido conjuntamente entre professores e bibliotecários; e o FINDS – conjunto de documentos que oferece um programa sistematizado de habilidades a serem desenvolvidas com os alunos a fim de estimular a competência informacional e o aprendizado através da busca de informações. Observou-se que os bibliotecários escolares da Flórida são professores e, na maioria dos casos tem dupla formação, uma graduação em alguma área do conhecimento (com licença para ensinar) e a pós-graduação em biblioteconomia ou ciência da informação. Eles consideram suas principais funções liderar, ensinar e apoiar. No contexto brasileiro, o bibliotecário (graduado em biblioteconomia) tem formação generalista (para atuar em qualquer tipo de biblioteca ou serviço de informação) e, para lidar com crianças e jovens e exercer um papel de visibilidade na escola, certamente teria benefícios de uma formação específica voltada à área educacional.
Screening of the
Filamin C
Gene in a Large Cohort of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients
Authors: Gómez Juan , Lorca Rebeca , Reguero Julian R. , Morís César , Martín María , Tranche Salvador , Alonso Belén , Iglesias Sara , Alvarez Victoria , Díaz-Molina Beatriz , Avanzas Pablo , Coto Eliecer
Published: March 2017

Background—

Recent exome sequencing studies identified filamin C (
FLNC
) as a candidate gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Our aim was to determine the rate of
FLNC
candidate variants in a large cohort of HCM patients who were also sequenced for the main sarcomere genes.

Methods and Results—

A total of 448 HCM patients were next generation–sequenced (semiconductor chip technology) for the
MYH7, MYBPC3
,
TNNT2
,
TNNI3
,
ACTC1
,
TNNC1
,
MYL2
,
MYL3
,
TPM1
, and
FLNC
genes. We also sequenced 450 healthy controls from the same population. Based on the reported population frequencies, bioinformatic criteria, and familial segregation, we identified 20
FLNC
candidate variants (13 new; 1 nonsense; and 19 missense) in 22 patients. Compared with the patients, only 1 of the control’s missense variants was nonreported (
P
=0.007; Fisher exact probability test). Based on the familial segregation and the reported functional studies, 6 of the candidate variants (in 7 patients) were finally classified as likely pathogenic, 10 as variants of uncertain significance, and 4 as likely benign.

Conclusions—

We provide a compelling evidence of the involvement of
FLNC
in the development of HCM. Most of the
FLNC
variants were associated with mild forms of HCM and a reduced penetrance, with few affected in the families to confirm the segregation. Our work, together with others who found
FLNC
variants among patients with dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathies, pointed to this gene as an important cause of structural cardiomyopathies.
Programmatic Approach to Management of Tetralogy of Fallot With Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries
Authors: Bauser-Heaton Holly , Borquez Alejandro , Han Brian , Ladd Michael , Asija Ritu , Downey Laura , Koth Andrew , Algaze Claudia A. , Wise-Faberowski Lisa , Perry Stanton B. , Shin Andrew , Peng Lynn F. , Hanley Frank L. , McElhinney Doff B.
Published: March 2017

Background—

Tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a complex and heterogeneous condition. Our institutional approach to this lesion emphasizes early complete repair with the incorporation of all lung segments and extensive lobar and segmental pulmonary artery reconstruction.

Methods and Results—

We reviewed all patients who underwent surgical intervention for tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCHS) since November 2001. A total of 458 patients underwent surgery, 291 (64%) of whom underwent their initial procedure at LPCHS. Patients were followed for a median of 2.7 years (mean 4.3 years) after the first LPCHS surgery, with an estimated survival of 85% at 5 years after first surgical intervention. Factors associated with worse survival included first LPCHS surgery type other than complete repair and Alagille syndrome. Of the overall cohort, 402 patients achieved complete unifocalization and repair, either as a single-stage procedure (n=186), after initial palliation at our center (n=74), or after surgery elsewhere followed by repair/revision at LPCHS (n=142). The median right ventricle:aortic pressure ratio after repair was 0.35. Estimated survival after repair was 92.5% at 10 years and was shorter in patients with chromosomal anomalies, older age, a greater number of collaterals unifocalized, and higher postrepair right ventricle pressure.

Conclusions—

Using an approach that emphasizes early complete unifocalization and repair with incorporation of all pulmonary vascular supply, we have achieved excellent results in patients with both native and previously operated tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries.
Stratifying the Mahābhārata
Authors: Hellwig Oliver
Published: March 2017

Disputed authorship and text transfer are notorious problems in the textual transmission of Sanskrit, especially for large anonymous texts such as the Mahābhārata. Stratification methods for such texts have so far mainly relied on manuscriptology, higher textual criticism, and scattered historical evidence. This paper introduces a quantitative method for text stratification that uses frequent linguistic features for inducing authorial layers in Sanskrit texts. The proposed method is tested with texts whose authorial composition is known, and then applied to the Bhīṣmaparvan of the Mahābhārata.
Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species
Authors: GILBERT CARTER R. , MAYDEN RICHARD L. , POWERS STEVEN L.
Published: March 2017

For many years the North American cyprinid fish Macrhybopsis aestivalis (common name: Speckled Chub) was regarded as a single widespread and morphologically variable species, occurring in rivers throughout much of the Mississippi Valley and geographically adjacent eastern Gulf slope drainages, west to the Rio Grande basin in Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. Eisenhour (1997) completed a morphological study of western populations of the Speckled Chub, the results of which appeared thereafter in published form (Eisenhour 1999, 2004). He demonstrated the existence of five valid species west of the Mississippi River (aestivalis, marconis, australis, tetranema, hyostoma), of which the name aestivalis was shown to be restricted to the population occurring in the Rio Grande and the geographically adjacent Rio San Fernando system, in northeastern Mexico. Eisenhour (2004) considered populations throughout the middle Mississippi Valley and its major tributaries to be a single morphologically variable species (hyostoma), and he also indicated that populations of Macrhybopsis from eastern Gulf slope drainages may represent a complex of species. Genetic confirmation of Eisenhour’s conclusions regarding western species appeared in the publication by Underwood et al. (2003), who also showed that western populations of M. hyostoma, as presently recognized, are genetically much more complex than previously considered.     Meanwhile, the present authors were involved in a companion study of eastern populations of Macrhybopsis, for which a genetic summary of the eastern Gulf coast species was published by Mayden & Powers (2004). Based on their findings, four species were recognized from southeastern drainages (identified as species A–D), although no formal taxonomic descriptions were included. Their genetic data, in combination with meristic, morphometric and other morphological data presented herein, form the basis for a revised classification of eastern Macrhybopsis populations, including formal descriptions of the four new species from eastern Gulf coast drainages.
New species of Diatrichalus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from New Guinea and the Moluccas
Authors: BOCEK MATEJ
Published: March 2017

The recently collected material of Diatrichalus Kleine, 1926 from New Guinea and the Moluccas was studied. Four new species are described: D. buruensis sp. n., D. manokwarensis sp. n., D. mindikensis sp. n., and D. robustus sp. n. The diagnostic morphological characters are described in detail and illustrated. New records of previously described species are reported from several localities in New Guinea and D. mancus (Kleine, 1926) is for the first time reported from the Australian continent. Some Diatrichalus have similar male genitalia and are considered as closely related. Despite supposed relationships, they differ in the presence of secondary elytral longitudinal costae, which have been traditionally used for the delimitation of genera in net-winged beetles.
Tracing the Ventilation Pathways of the Deep North Pacific Ocean Using Lagrangian Particles and Eulerian Tracers
Authors: Ali Muttaqi Shah Syed Hyder , Primeau François W. , Deleersnijder Eric , Heemink Arnold W.
Published: March 2017

Lagrangian forward and backward models are introduced into a coarse-grid ocean global circulation model to trace the ventilation routes of the deep North Pacific Ocean. The random walk aspect in the Lagrangian model is dictated by a rotated isopycnal diffusivity tensor in the circulation model, and the effect of diffusion is explicitly resolved by means of stochastic terms in the Lagrangian model. The analogy between the probability distribution of a Lagrangian model with Green’s function of an Eulerian tracer transport equation is established. The estimated first- and last-passage time density of the deep North Pacific using both the Eulerian and the Lagrangian models ensured that the Lagrangian pathways and their ensemble statistics are consistent with the Eulerian tracer transport and its adjoint model. Moreover, the sample pathways of the ventilated mass fractions of the deep North Pacific particles to and from the ocean surface are studied.
A reduced passive constrained layer damping finite element model based on the modified improved reduced system method
Authors: Li Wei , He Yansong , Xu Zhongming , Zhang Zhifei
Published: March 2017

This paper proposed a new reduced passive constrained layer damping finite element model. The passive constrained layer damping structure is a sort of sandwich plate made up of a viscoelastic core sandwiched between two elastic faces. The model is built by combining the first shear deformation theory with the Golla-Hughes-McTavish model that takes the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic material property into consideration. Due to the Golla-Hughes-McTavish model, the stiffness, damping and mass matrices are at least doubled, which requires a large amount of calculation. Then, a modified improved reduced system method is proposed to reduce the order of the model. Finally, the proposed reduced model is compared to the Guyan reduction, the mode truncation and the improved reduced system models by two numerical examples. It demonstrates that the proposed modified improved reduced system method is obviously superior to the other three classical methods and the presented passive constrained layer damping model with the Golla-Hughes-McTavish model is an effective and accurate sandwich model, which can be applied to the finite element software.
Efficacy and safety of a novel high-dose mesalazine tablet in mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, multicentre, randomised trial
Authors: Dignass Axel , Schnabel Robert , Romatowski Jacek , Pavlenko Vladimir , Dorofeyev Andrey , Derova Jelena , Jonaitis Laimas , Dilger Karin , Nacak Tanju , Greinwald Roland ,   the International SAT-25 Study Group
Published: March 2017

Background

Adherence to mesalazine treatment is essential for the successful treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Objective

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and preference of a novel high-dose 1000 mg mesalazine tablet versus conventional treatment for ulcerative colitis remission.

Methods

This pivotal phase III trial compared one 1000 mg mesalazine tablet (M1000 group) versus two registered 500 mg mesalazine tablets (M2x500 group), both taken three times daily, in patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis. The primary efficacy variable was clinical remission at week 8.

Results

A total of 306 patients were considered for intent-to-treat analysis. Clinical remission was achieved in 45.0% of the patients in the M1000 group versus 41.9% in the M2x500 group ( P < 0.001 for non-inferiority). Mucosal healing was achieved by 68.9% of the patients in the M1000 group and 68.4% in the M2x500 group. The majority of patients preferred the intake of one high-dose tablet (47.7%) over two low-dose tablets (10.5%). Oral treatment with high-dose 1000 mg mesalazine tablets was well tolerated without new safety signals.

Conclusions

The novel high-dose 1000 mg mesalazine tablet is effective, non-inferior to the registered 500 mg mesalazine tablet, and safe for ulcerative colitis treatment. It was preferred by a majority of patients and may improve ulcerative colitis treatment adherence.
The historical but missed role of Chinese sociology
Authors: Mollajani André
Published: March 2017

This article suggests a theory of how restrictions imposed on Chinese sociology in the second half of the 20th century impeded thinking about, and ultimately deprived this country of, alternatives to the historical pathway of the market economy that place has taken between 1980 to the present.
Maximal mid-expiratory flow detects early lung disease in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Stockley James A. , Ismail Asem M. , Hughes Siân M. , Edgar Ross , Stockley Robert A. , Sapey Elizabeth
Published: March 2017

Pathological studies suggest that loss of small airways precedes airflow obstruction and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Not all α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) patients develop COPD, and measures of small airways function might be able to detect those at risk.

Maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), ratio of FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), health status, presence of emphysema (computed tomography (CT) densitometry) and subsequent decline in FEV1were assessed in 196 AATD patients.

FEV1/FVC, FEV1% predicted and lung densitometry related to MMEF % pred (r2=0.778, p<0.0001; r2=0.787, p<0.0001; r2=0.594, p<0.0001, respectively) in a curvilinear fashion. Patients could be divided into those with normal FEV1/FVC and MMEF (group 1), normal FEV1/FVC and reduced MMEF (group 2) and those with spirometrically defined COPD (group 3). Patients in group 2 had worse health status than group 1 (median total St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) 23.15 (interquartile range (IQR) 7.09–39.63)versus9.67 (IQR 1.83–22.35); p=0.006) and had a greater subsequent decline in FEV1(median change in FEV1−1.09% pred per year (IQR −1.91–0.04% pred per year)versus−0.04% pred per year (IQR −0.67–0.03% pred per year); p=0.007).

A reduction in MMEF is an early feature of lung disease in AATD and is associated with impaired health status and a faster decline in FEV1.
Weak-anisotropy moveout approximations for P-waves in homogeneous TOR layers
Authors: Farra Véronique , Pšenčík Ivan
Published: March 2017

We have developed approximate P-wave reflection moveout formulas for a homogeneous layer of orthorhombic symmetry overlying a horizontal or dipping reflector. The symmetry planes of an orthorhombic medium in the layer can be arbitrarily oriented. The formulas are based on the weak-anisotropy approximation. Thus, their accuracy depends not only on the strength of anisotropy, but also on the deviations of the phase and ray velocities. Nevertheless, the performed tests indicate that for P-wave anisotropy of approximately 25%, the maximum relative traveltime errors of the formulas do not exceed 3%. The formulas are expressed in terms of six P-wave weak-anisotropy parameters and three Euler angles specifying the orientation of the symmetry planes of the orthorhombic medium. In the case of a dipping reflector, the formulas also depend on the apparent dip angle of the reflector.
Untapped Potential of Observational Research to Inform Clinical Decision Making: American Society of Clinical Oncology Research Statement
Authors: Visvanathan Kala , Levit Laura A. , Raghavan Derek , Hudis Clifford A. , Wong Sandra , Dueck Amylou , Lyman Gary H.
Published: March 2017

ASCO believes that high-quality observational studies can advance evidence-based practice for cancer care and are complementary to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Observational studies can generate hypotheses by evaluating novel exposures or biomarkers and by revealing patterns of care and relationships that might not otherwise be discovered. Researchers can then test these hypotheses in RCTs. Observational studies can also answer or inform questions that either have not been or cannot be answered by RCTs. In addition, observational studies can be used for postmarketing surveillance of new cancer treatments, particularly in vulnerable populations. The incorporation of observational research as part of clinical decision making is consistent with the position of many leading institutions. ASCO identified five overarching recommendations to enhance the role of observational research in clinical decision making: (1) improve the quality of electronic health data available for research, (2) improve interoperability and the exchange of electronic health information, (3) ensure the use of rigorous observational research methodologies, (4) promote transparent reporting of observational research studies, and (5) protect patient privacy.
Narrative Economics
Authors: Shiller Robert J.
Published: March 2017

This address considers the epidemiology of narratives relevant to economic fluctuations. The human brain has always been highly tuned toward narratives, whether factual or not, to justify ongoing actions, even such basic actions as spending and investing. Stories motivate and connect activities to deeply felt values and needs. Narratives “go viral” and spread far, even worldwide, with economic impact. The 1920–1921 Depression, the Great Depression of the 1930s, the so-called Great Recession of 2007–2009, and the contentious political-economic situation of today are considered as the results of the popular narratives of their respective times. Though these narratives are deeply human phenomena that are difficult to study in a scientific manner, quantitative analysis may help us gain a better understanding of these epidemics in the future. (JEL D72, E32, G01, N10)
Does the Gender Composition of Scientific Committees Matter?
Authors: Bagues Manuel , Sylos-Labini Mauro , Zinovyeva Natalia
Published: March 2017

We analyze how a larger presence of female evaluators affects committee decision-making using information on 100,000 applications to associate and full professorships in Italy and Spain. These applications were assessed by 8,000 randomly selected evaluators. A larger number of women in evaluation committees does not increase either the quantity or the quality of female candidates who qualify. Information from individual voting reports suggests that female evaluators are not significantly more favorable toward female candidates. At the same time, male evaluators become less favorable toward female candidates as soon as a female evaluator joins the committee. (JEL I23, J16, J71)
How to Control Controlled School Choice: Comment
Authors: Doğan Battal
Published: March 2017

Echenique and Yenmez (2015), in Theorem 2, characterize choice rules that are “generated by reserves for the priority.” We show that the “only if” part is not correct. We exhibit a choice rule that is generated by reserves for the priority but violates one of their axioms. We reformulate the axiom and repair the result. (JEL D47, H75, I21, I28)
Advertiser Prominence Effects in Search Advertising
Authors: Jeziorski Przemysław , Moorthy Sridhar
Published: March 2017

Search advertising is the ordered list of advertisements that appears when a user searches for something in an online search engine. By construction, these ads differ in prominence: ads higher up the list are more prominent than ads lower down the list. However, search ads also differ in prominence in another way: prominence of advertiser. This paper examines how these two types of prominence interact in determining the click-through rate (CTR) of these ads. Using individual-level click-stream data from Microsoft’s Live Search platform and measures of advertiser prominence from Alexa.com , we find that ad position and advertiser prominence are substitutes. Specifically, in searches for camera brands, a retailer not in the top 100 of Alexa rankings has a 30%–50% higher CTR in position 1 than in position 2, whereas a retailer in the top 100 of Alexa rankings has only a 0%–13% higher CTR for the same position improvement. Qualitatively similar results are obtained for several other search strings. These findings demonstrate, first, that advertiser brand matters even for search ads, and, second, the way it matters is the opposite of what is usually assumed in the theoretical literature on search advertising.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2677 .

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Resolving the Judgment and Decision-Making Paradox Between Adaptive Learning and Escalation of Commitment
Authors: Wong Kin Fai Ellick , Kwong Jessica Y. Y.
Published: March 2017

A paradox in organizational research on judgment and decision making is that although the law-of-effect in adaptive learning suggests that people’s tendency to take a decision decreases after the decision receives negative consequences, people often exhibit an opposite action pattern of escalation of commitment. To address this paradox, this paper proposes that the unit of law-of-effect can be extended from a decision level to a strategy level (i.e., a group of planned decisions). A strategy organizes decisions from being consistent with the law-of-effect in one extreme to being consistent with escalation of commitment in another extreme. This paper shows that the favorability of the law-of-effect strategy (versus the escalation strategy) is likely to be underestimated at the beginning of a learning process. This underestimation stabilizes over time because negative consequences decrease the likelihood of choosing the law-of-effect strategy in the future. Accordingly, escalation strategy will be preferred more in the learning process, thereby developing a pattern of behaviors that is contradictory to the law-of-effect at the decision level but consistent with the law-of-effect at the strategy level. This learning pattern was demonstrated in three simulations with different combinations that were specified to capture different aspects of escalation of commitment. This learning perspective offers a novel explanation of escalation, suggesting that escalation may occur without distorted motivation or cognition.

Data and the supplementary material are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2686 .

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Terapi Cairan Prarujukan dan Skor PELOD sebagai Prediktor Mortalitas Sindrom Syok Dengue Anak
Authors: Sari Eka Permata , Widjajanto Pudjo Hagung , - Nurnaningsih -
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Sindrom syok dengue (SSD) merupakan kondisi kegawatan yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Manajemen cairan yang tidak adekuat di pelayanan kesehatan prarujukan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap mortalitas pada SSD. Skor Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor mortalitas SSD.Tujuan. Menilai hubungan dan mortalitas terapi cairan prarujukan dengan skor PELOD dalam 24 jam pertama di Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Metode. Penelitian rancangan kohort retrospektif pada anak SSD yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Sardjito bulan April 2011 – Maret 2016. Subjek dengan serologi dengue positif baik yang datang sendiri ke IGD ataupun rujukan dilakukan penilaian skor PELOD. Analisis bivariat chi-square digunakan untuk menilai hubungan terapi cairan prarujukan, skor PELOD dan mortalitas.Hasil. Terdapat 159 subyek berusia 1 bulan – 18 tahun. Hubungan bermakna terdapat pada skor PELOD ≥20 terhadap mortalitas SSD (p<0,05). Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan antara resusitasi cairan prarujukan dengan skor PELOD dan mortalitas (p>0,05). Kelebihan cairan prarujukan meningkatkan kematian 2,8 kali meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna (p=0,06).Kesimpulan. Resusitasi prarujukan tidak berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas SSD anak. Skor PELOD ≥20 memiliki mortalitas yang tinggi pada SSD anak. Kelebihan cairan prarujukan meningkatkan mortalitas SSD.
Luaran Status Nutrisi pada Anak Balita dengan Tuberkulosis di Unit Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
Authors: Batubara Velanie Frida , Hendarto Aryono , Advani Najib , Setyanto Darmawan B
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Malnutrisi merupakan masalah utama di negara berkembang dan berpengaruh pada tumbuh kembang anak. Malnutrisi terkait dengan penyakit infeksi, salah satunya tuberkulosis (TB). Terapi medikamentosa berupa pemberian obat anti TB (OAT) dan nutrisi adekuat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan status nutrisi. Penelitian spesifik yang mengamati perkembangan luaran status nutrisi pada pasien tuberkulosis paru anak belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan. Mengetahui status nutrisi TB paru anak pada awal, lama, dan akhir pengobatan. Mengetahui hubungan keteraturan pengobatan OAT dengan perubahan status nutrisi dan berat badan (BB)Metode. Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada 62 anak dengan penyakit TB dan gizi kurang/buruk usia 1 bulan - 5 tahun yang terdiagnosis pertama kali pada 1 Januari 2010 - 31 Desember 2015. Status nutrisi dan BB saat awal diagnosis, bulan ke-2,4,6 dinilai setelah diberikan tata laksana medikamentosa dan nutrisi.Hasil. Proporsi pasien TB anak dengan gizi kurang 53/62 (85,5%). Sebagian besar berusia 2 tahun, lelaki, bertempat tinggal di DKI Jakarta dan sakit TB paru (42,8%). Seluruh subyek mendapat OAT yang sesuai, 1 yang minum OAT tidak teratur. Terapi OAT selama 6 bulan didapatkan pada 45,2% subyek . Proporsi subyek yang mendapat nutrisi enteral 15/62 (24,2%). Sebanyak 56/62 (90,3%) subyek dengan dosis OAT sesuai mengalami perbaikan status nutrisi dan 55/61 (90,1%) subyek yang minum OAT teratur mengalami perbaikan status nutrisi. Peningkatan BB 5% tiap 2 bulan dan 17% setelah 6 bulan terapi OAT terjadi pada 97% subyek. Tidak ada hubungan keteraturan pengobatan OAT dengan perubahan status nutrisi (p=0,161). Kesimpulan. Perbaikan status nutrisi dan peningkatan BB terjadi pada sebagian besar subyek. Namun, hubungan keteraturan pengobatan OAT dengan perubahan status nutrisi tidak bermakna secara statistik.
Polygamous Marriages in Indonesia and Their Impacts on Women’s Access to Income and Property
Authors: Nurmila Nina
Published: March 2017

Most studies on polygamy mainly focus on the male normative interpretation of the Quran. This paper, however, will focus on the practices of polygamy. It will mainly explore whether the practices of polygamy are legal or illegal (unregistered for not following the procedure and requirements stated in the 1974 Marriage Law). This paper argues that most polygamous marriages in Indonesia are illegal. This practice can be considered a form of resistance to the Law which requires a husband to ask the permission from the Religious Court before entering polygamous marriages. This paper will also elaborate various living arrangements of legal and illegal polygamous marriages with various consequences on maintenance and property ownership among wives. [Kebanyakan studi tentang poligami berfokus pada interpretasi laki-laki terhadap al-Quran yang bersifat normatif. Akan tetapi, artikel ini akan berfokus pada praktik poligami. Artikel ini terutama akan menerangkan apakah praktik poligami itu legal atau tidak legal (tidak dicatatkan karena tidak mengikuti aturan yang ditetapkan dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan/UUP 1974). Artikel ini berargumen bahwa kebanyakan perkawinan poligami itu dipraktikan secara illegal. Praktik ini merupakan bentuk dari penentangan terhadap UUP yang mengharuskan seorang suami memohon izin terlebih dahulu kepada Pengadilan Agama sebelum berpoligami. Makalah ini juga akan menjelaskan berbagai pengaturan hidup dalam perkawinan poligami baik yang legal ataupun yang tidak legal dengan berbagai konsekuensinya terhadap nafkah dan kepemilikan harta di antara para istri.]
PREFERENSI PENGHUNI TINGGAL DI APARTEMEN BERSUBSIDI THE MODERN GOLF KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Arijani Prima Dea , Haryanto Ragil
Published: March 2017

Pemenuhan kebutuhan perumahan layak bagi masyarakat menengah kebawah dan pembangunan perumahan vertikal menjadi sangat penting dalam mengurangi kepadatan. The Modern Golf Apartement menjadi apartemen bersubsidi pertama yang dibangun di kota Tangerang dengan statusnya yang bersubsidi memiliki daya tarik tersendiri bagi para penghuni untuk tinggal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui preferensi dan tujuan penghuni untuk tinggal di apartemen bersubsidi The Modern Golf. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik sampling stratified random sampling. Berdasarkan analisis, diketahui bahwa faktor penghuni tinggal di apartemen bersubsidi The Modern Golf yang memiliki preferensi paling tinggi berdasakan nilai rata-ratanya yaitu faktor kemudahan aksesibilitas menuju sarana perdagangan dengan nilai rata-rata 4,63. Hal ini diperkuat dengan adanya berbagai jenis sarana perdagangan yang dapat memudahkan penghuni untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya tanpa perlu keluar dari kawasan The Modernland, serta terdapat kecenderungan aktivitas bahwa penghuni akan menuju ke sarana perdagangan baik mall maupun pusat pertokoan setelah pulang bekerja. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa adanya fenomena masyarakat perkotaan yang cenderung konsumtif serta tingginya minat masyarakat terhadap hunian yang berada di pusat kota dengan dilengkapi dengan sarana prasarana pendukung.
MEMADUKAN STRATEGI, MEWUJUDKAN KETAHANAN: SEBUAH PEMBELAJARAN DARI PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI KETAHANAN KOTA DI SEMARANG
Authors: Setiadi Rukuh , Wulandari Fitri
Published: March 2017

‘Integrasi’ adalah suatu jargon yang sering digunakan oleh hampir semua disiplin, dari bidang rekayasa hingga ekonomi, dan dari ilmu fisika hingga ilmu sosial. Tantangan untuk mengembangkan strategi yang terpadu telah menjadi pesan utama di berbagai literatur mengenai studi-studi pembangunan kota. Sementara di negera yang telah maju konsep integrasi telah dimanifestasikan dalam berbagi aspek pembangunan kota, banyak aktor dan pengambil kebijakan di negara-negara berkembang masih berjuang untuk mewujudkan integrasi. Artikel ini menyoroti upaya yang baru saja dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Semarang dalam meningkatkan ketahanan kota melalui perumusan dokumen strategi ketahanan kota. Artikel memperkenalkan suatu kerangka analisis dalam mendorong integrasi strategi. Artikel ini dikembangkan dari penelitian yang menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan posisi penulis utama sebagai coordinator lintas tema atau cross-focus areas pada penyusunan strategi ketahanan kota dalam inisiatif 100 Resilient City. Artikel ini diharapkan membantu praktisi perkotaan dalam melakukan pendekatan langkah-demi-langkah menuju integrasi strategi-strategi perkotaan, khususnya di bidang ketahanan kota.
Delayed growth and cell division in embryos of Fucus vesiculosus after parental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and metals
Authors: Lauze Jessie F. , Hable Whitney E.
Published: March 2017

Brown algae are important residents of intertidal ecosystems like New Bedford Harbor of Massachusetts. Release of industrial waste has left this habitat high in metals and polychlorinated biphenyls, and the effects of exposure on coastal macroalgae are poorly understood. To determine whether chronic contaminant exposure affects offspring development, embryogenesis was evaluated in three populations of
Seaweed reproductive biology: environmental and genetic controls
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Bogaert Kenny , Engelen Aschwin H. , Leliaert Frederik , Roleda Michael Y. , De Clerck Olivier
Published: March 2017

Knowledge of life cycle progression and reproduction of seaweeds transcends pure academic interest. Successful and sustainable seaweed exploitation and domestication will indeed require excellent control of the factors controlling growth and reproduction. The relative dominance of the ploidy-phases and their respective morphologies, however, display tremendous diversity. Consequently, the ecological and endogenous factors controlling life cycles are likely to be equally varied. A vast number of research papers addressing theoretical, ecological and physiological aspects of reproduction have been published over the years. Here, we review the current knowledge on reproductive strategies, trade-offs of reproductive effort in natural populations, and the environmental and endogenous factors controlling reproduction. Given that the majority of ecophysiological studies predate the “-omics” era, we examine the extent to which this knowledge of reproduction has been, or can be, applied to further our knowledge of life cycle control in seaweeds.
The effect of extracellular ATP on rat uterine contraction from different gestational stages and its possible mechanisms of action
Authors: Zafrah Hind A. , Alotaibi Mohammed F.
Published: March 2017

Background:

The mechanisms underlying the onset of labor are not fully understood. Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is known to cause uterine contractions in different species but the exact underlying mechanisms are poorly investigated to date. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of extracellular ATP on spontaneous uterine contractions from different gestational stages and to elucidate its possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

Longitudinal uterine strips were obtained from rats in different gestational stages (nonpregnant, late-pregnant, and term-pregnant). The effects of 1 mM ATP were examined on uterine contractions generated spontaneously, depolarized by high-KCl (60 mM), induced by oxytocin (5 nM), in the presence of high external Ca2+, or in the absence of external Ca2+.

Results:

Application of 1 mM extracellular ATP significantly increased the force of spontaneous contraction in uterine strips obtained from all gestational stages with prominent increase in term-pregnant rats compared to other gestations. ATP significantly increased the force induced by depolarization (122%, p=0.010, n=6), oxytocin (129%, p=0.001, n=7), high-Ca2+ (145%, p=0.005, n=6) and it was able to cause transient contraction in the absence of external Ca2+ (33%, p<0.01).

Conclusions:

Extracellular ATP is able to increase the force and frequency of uterine contractions and its effect increases with the progression of pregnancy and it involves Ca2+ influx and release. These findings open a new window for clinicians to consider ATP as a therapeutic target to control the uterine activity during difficult labors.