bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pore‐Scale Modeling of Coupled CO2 Flow and Dissolution in 3D Porous Media for Geological Carbon Storage
Authors: Yang Yongfei , Wang Jinlei , Wang Jianzhong , Li Yingwen , Sun Hai , Zhang Lei , Zhong Junjie , Zhang Kai , Yao Jun
Published: September 2023

Dissolution trapping is one of the crucial trapping mechanisms for geological carbon storage in deep saline aquifers. The injected supercritical CO2 (scCO2) flow and dissolution processes are coupled and interact with each other. Therefore, we performed direct numerical simulations in three‐dimensional micro‐CT images of sandstones using the volume of fluid and continuous species transfer method. We investigated the coupled scCO2 flow and dissolution processes at pore‐scale under different rock structures, capillary numbers, and rock wettability conditions. The dynamic evolution of the scCO2/brine phase distribution and scCO2 concentration distribution occurring during the injection period were presented and analyzed. Complicated coupling mechanisms between scCO2‐brine two‐phase flow and interphase mass transfer were also revealed. Our results showed that the scCO2 dissolution was highly dependent on the local distribution of scCO2 clusters. The rock with relatively high porosity and permeability would have more capacity for scCO2 injection resulting in a faster and greater dissolution of scCO2 in brine. The effect of capillary number on the scCO2 dissolution process was related to the range of capillary number. The effective upscaled (macro‐scale) mass transfer coefficient (kA) during scCO2 dissolution was evaluated, and the power‐law relationship between kA and Péclet number was obtained. Rock wettability was found to be another factor controlling the scCO2 dissolution process by affecting the scCO2‐brine interfacial area. Our pore‐scale study provides a deep understanding of the scCO2 dissolution trapping mechanism, which is important to enhance the prediction of sequestration risk and improve sequestration efficiency.
Nutrients patterns and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Egyptian children: a sibling and community matched case-control study
Authors: Gumma Samia Dahshan , Elotla Sally Fawzy , Ibrahim Omneya Youssef , Rizkalla Nadia Hosny
Published: September 2023

Background

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis has been growing among children, with great public health concern. The relationship between nutrient intake pattern and ADHD remains unclear.

Aim

To identify the nutrient intake patterns and its association with ADHD in children.

Subjects and methods

The study involved 146 children with ADHD, 141 control sibling, and 146 community controls. ADHD diagnosis was confirmed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) criteria following the assessment by the long-form Conner’s Scale. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrients patterns were identified using the principal component analysis (PCA).

Results

ADHD children have significantly higher mean total energy intake than community controls and siblings (8867.9, 4481.9 and 7308.2 KJ, respectively, p < 0.001). Four nutrient patterns extracted by the PCA explained 75.9% of the total variance. Lower tertiles of “predominantly calcium-phosphorus; pattern 1” and “predominantly-vitamins; pattern 3” were significantly associated with increasing odds of ADHD, compared to community controls (p for trend: 0.002 and 0.005, respectively), while the same associations were noted in “predominantly-vitamins” and “predominantly Zinc-Iron; pattern 2” when compared to siblings (p for trend: <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). However, Higher tertiles of macronutrients; pattern 4” were associated with increased ADHD odds, compared to either community controls or siblings (p for trend: 0.017 and <0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Lower intakes of nutrients patterns of minerals and vitamins, and higher intakes of macronutrients were associated with increased likelihood of ADHD in children.
Engineering microbial division of labor for plastic upcycling
Authors: Bao Teng , Qian Yuanchao , Xin Yongping , Collins James J. , Lu Ting
Published: September 2023

Plastic pollution is rapidly increasing worldwide, causing adverse impacts on the environment, wildlife and human health. One tempting solution to this crisis is upcycling plastics into products with engineered microorganisms; however, this remains challenging due to complexity in conversion. Here we present a synthetic microbial consortium that efficiently degrades polyethylene terephthalate hydrolysate and subsequently produces desired chemicals through division of labor. The consortium involves two Pseudomonas putida strains, specializing in terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol utilization respectively, to achieve complete substrate assimilation. Compared with its monoculture counterpart, the consortium exhibits reduced catabolic crosstalk and faster deconstruction, particularly when substrate concentrations are high or crude hydrolysate is used. It also outperforms monoculture when polyhydroxyalkanoates serves as a target product and confers flexible tuning through population modulation for cis-cis muconate synthesis. This work demonstrates engineered consortia as a promising, effective platform that may facilitate polymer upcycling and environmental sustainability.
Orai inhibition modulates pulmonary ILC2 metabolism and alleviates airway hyperreactivity in murine and humanized models
Authors: Howard Emily , Hurrell Benjamin P. , Helou Doumet Georges , Shafiei-Jahani Pedram , Hasiakos Spyridon , Painter Jacob , Srikanth Sonal , Gwack Yousang , Akbari Omid
Published: September 2023

Ca2+ entry via Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels is a predominant mechanism of intracellular Ca2+ elevation in immune cells. Here we show the immunoregulatory role of CRAC channel components Orai1 and Orai2 in Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), that play crucial roles in the induction of type 2 inflammation. We find that blocking or genetic ablation of Orai1 and Orai2 downregulates ILC2 effector function and cytokine production, consequently ameliorating the development of ILC2-mediated airway inflammation in multiple murine models. Mechanistically, ILC2 metabolic and mitochondrial homeostasis are inhibited and lead to the upregulation of reactive oxygen species production. We confirm our findings in human ILC2s, as blocking Orai1 and Orai2 prevents the development of airway hyperreactivity in humanized mice. Our findings have a broad impact on the basic understanding of Ca2+ signaling in ILC2 biology, providing potential insights into the development of therapies for the treatment of allergic and atopic inflammatory diseases.
Multimaterial fiber as a physical simulator of a capillary instability
Authors: Faccini de Lima Camila , Wang Fan , Leffel Troy A. , Miller Tyson , Johnson Steven G. , Gumennik Alexander
Published: September 2023

Capillary breakup of cores is an exclusive approach to fabricating fiber-integrated optoelectronics and photonics. A physical understanding of this fluid-dynamic process is necessary for yielding the desired solid-state fiber-embedded multimaterial architectures by design rather than by exploratory search. We discover that the nonlinearly complex and, at times, even chaotic capillary breakup of multimaterial fiber cores becomes predictable when the fiber is exposed to the spatiotemporal temperature profile, imposing a viscosity modulation comparable to the breakup wavelength. The profile acts as a notch filter, allowing only a single wavelength out of the continuous spectrum to develop predictably, following Euler-Lagrange dynamics. We argue that this understanding not only enables designing the outcomes of the breakup necessary for turning it into a technology for materializing fiber-embedded functional systems but also positions a multimaterial fiber as a universal physical simulator of capillary instability in viscous threads.
Tracing immune cells around biomaterials with spatial anchors during large-scale wound regeneration
Authors: Yang Yang , Chu Chenyu , Liu Li , Wang Chenbing , Hu Chen , Rung Shengan , Man Yi , Qu Yili
Published: September 2023

Skin scarring devoid of dermal appendages after severe trauma has unfavorable effects on aesthetic and physiological functions. Here we present a method for large-area wound regeneration using biodegradable aligned extracellular matrix scaffolds. We show that the implantation of these scaffolds accelerates wound coverage and enhances hair follicle neogenesis. We perform multimodal analysis, in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, to explore the immune responses around biomaterials, highlighting the potential role of regulatory T cells in mitigating tissue fibrous by suppressing excessive type 2 inflammation. We find that immunodeficient mice lacking mature T lymphocytes show the typical characteristic of tissue fibrous driven by type 2 macrophage inflammation, validating the potential therapeutic effect of the adaptive immune system activated by biomaterials. These findings contribute to our understanding of the coordination of immune systems in wound regeneration and facilitate the design of immunoregulatory biomaterials in the future.
Engineering the formation of spin-defects from first principles
Authors: Zhang Cunzhi , Gygi Francois , Galli Giulia
Published: September 2023

The full realization of spin qubits for quantum technologies relies on the ability to control and design the formation processes of spin defects in semiconductors and insulators. We present a computational protocol to investigate the synthesis of point-defects at the atomistic level, and we apply it to the study of a promising spin-qubit in silicon carbide, the divacancy (VV). Our strategy combines electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory and enhanced sampling techniques coupled with first principles molecular dynamics. We predict the optimal annealing temperatures for the formation of VVs at high temperature and show how to engineer the Fermi level of the material to optimize the defect’s yield for several polytypes of silicon carbide. Our results are in excellent agreement with available experimental data and provide novel atomistic insights into point defect formation and annihilation processes as a function of temperature.
Neurophysiological signatures of cortical micro-architecture
Authors: Shafiei Golia , Fulcher Ben D. , Voytek Bradley , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Baillet Sylvain , Misic Bratislav
Published: September 2023

Systematic spatial variation in micro-architecture is observed across the cortex. These micro-architectural gradients are reflected in neural activity, which can be captured by neurophysiological time-series. How spontaneous neurophysiological dynamics are organized across the cortex and how they arise from heterogeneous cortical micro-architecture remains unknown. Here we extensively profile regional neurophysiological dynamics across the human brain by estimating over 6800 time-series features from the resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) signal. We then map regional time-series profiles to a comprehensive multi-modal, multi-scale atlas of cortical micro-architecture, including microstructure, metabolism, neurotransmitter receptors, cell types and laminar differentiation. We find that the dominant axis of neurophysiological dynamics reflects characteristics of power spectrum density and linear correlation structure of the signal, emphasizing the importance of conventional features of electromagnetic dynamics while identifying additional informative features that have traditionally received less attention. Moreover, spatial variation in neurophysiological dynamics is co-localized with multiple micro-architectural features, including gene expression gradients, intracortical myelin, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, and oxygen and glucose metabolism. Collectively, this work opens new avenues for studying the anatomical basis of neural activity.
PARP14 inhibition restores PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor response following IFNγ-driven acquired resistance in preclinical cancer models
Authors: Wong Chun Wai , Evangelou Christos , Sefton Kieran N. , Leshem Rotem , Zhang Wei , Gopalan Vishaka , Chattrakarn Sorayut , Fernandez Carro Macarena Lucia , Uzuner Erez , Mole Holly , Wilcock Daniel J. , Smith Michael P. , Sergiou Kleita , Telfer Brian A. , Isaac Dervla T. , Liu Chang , Perl Nicholas R. , Marie Kerrie , Lorigan Paul , Williams Kaye J. , Rao Patricia E. , Nagaraju Raghavendar T. , Niepel Mario , Hurlstone Adam F. L.
Published: September 2023

Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) limit its response duration and magnitude. Paradoxically, Interferon γ (IFNγ), a key cytokine for cellular immunity, can promote ICBT resistance. Using syngeneic mouse tumour models, we confirm that chronic IFNγ exposure confers resistance to immunotherapy targeting PD-1 (α-PD-1) in immunocompetent female mice. We observe upregulation of poly-ADP ribosyl polymerase 14 (PARP14) in chronic IFNγ-treated cancer cell models, in patient melanoma with elevated IFNG expression, and in melanoma cell cultures from ICBT-progressing lesions characterised by elevated IFNγ signalling. Effector T cell infiltration is enhanced in tumours derived from cells pre-treated with IFNγ in immunocompetent female mice when PARP14 is pharmacologically inhibited or knocked down, while the presence of regulatory T cells is decreased, leading to restoration of α-PD-1 sensitivity. Finally, we determine that tumours which spontaneously relapse in immunocompetent female mice following α-PD-1 therapy upregulate IFNγ signalling and can also be re-sensitised upon receiving PARP14 inhibitor treatment, establishing PARP14 as an actionable target to reverse IFNγ-driven ICBT resistance.
Feedforward attentional selection in sensory cortex
Authors: Westerberg Jacob A. , Schall Jeffrey D. , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Maier Alexander
Published: September 2023

Salient objects grab attention because they stand out from their surroundings. Whether this phenomenon is accomplished by bottom-up sensory processing or requires top-down guidance is debated. We tested these alternative hypotheses by measuring how early and in which cortical layer(s) neural spiking distinguished a target from a distractor. We measured synaptic and spiking activity across cortical columns in mid-level area V4 of male macaque monkeys performing visual search for a color singleton. A neural signature of attentional capture was observed in the earliest response in the input layer 4. The magnitude of this response predicted response time and accuracy. Errant behavior followed errant selection. Because this response preceded top-down influences and arose in the cortical layer not targeted by top-down connections, these findings demonstrate that feedforward activation of sensory cortex can underlie attentional priority.
Study on pumping wear characteristics of concrete pipeline based on CFD-DEM coupling
Authors: Liao Yuankun , Cheng Kai , Sun Wuhe , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2023

Concrete pumping, integral to building construction, governs pipeline durability and overall construction efficiency. This study advances the traditional methods by employing the CFD-DEM coupling technique, a pioneering approach that integrates the irregular shape of coarse aggregates, capturing the intricacies of concrete pumping in pipelines. Beyond identifying primary wear areas and quantifying wear magnitudes, this research unveils a quadratic progression in average wear over time. The most pronounced wear appears in the pipeline’s bent sections. Notably, pumping speed, more influential than aggregate volume fraction, is pivotal to pipeline wear. Minimized speeds increase blockage risks, notably at elbows, while augmented speeds intensify wear. An optimal speed range between 2 and 3 m/s is deduced. Additionally, as the aggregate volume fraction surges, wear amplifies and blockages frequent. Hence, an aggregate volume fraction between 15 and 20% emerges as the recommendation.
Human intuition as a defense against attribute inference
Authors: Waniek Marcin , Suri Navya , Zameek Abdullah , AlShebli Bedoor , Rahwan Talal
Published: September 2023

Attribute inference—the process of analyzing publicly available data in order to uncover hidden information—has become a major threat to privacy, given the recent technological leap in machine learning. One way to tackle this threat is to strategically modify one’s publicly available data in order to keep one’s private information hidden from attribute inference. We evaluate people’s ability to perform this task, and compare it against algorithms designed for this purpose. We focus on three attributes: the gender of the author of a piece of text, the country in which a set of photos was taken, and the link missing from a social network. For each of these attributes, we find that people’s effectiveness is inferior to that of AI, especially when it comes to hiding the attribute in question. Moreover, when people are asked to modify the publicly available information in order to hide these attributes, they are less likely to make high-impact modifications compared to AI. This suggests that people are unable to recognize the aspects of the data that are critical to an inference algorithm. Taken together, our findings highlight the limitations of relying on human intuition to protect privacy in the age of AI, and emphasize the need for algorithmic support to protect private information from attribute inference.
Post craniotomy pain management in Copenhagen rat by intraperitoneal or oral dosage of Tramadol: a comparative evaluation
Authors: Samal Sasmita , Barik Debyashreeta , Jena Sarita
Published: September 2023

Calvarial craniotomy in animal models involves pain and distress. Moderate to severe pain in laboratory animals requires adequate pain management strategies. According to previous studies, the options available for suitable analgesia for rat calvarial craniotomy are very few. For most analgesic treatments, injectable routes of administration are predominantly used. However, these routes require restraining the animals, which may cause unnecessary pain, distress and suffering. As a well-fare measure, we focused on pain management by oral administration of analgesia. In this particular study, which is a sub-study of a major experiment on bone regeneration with different polymeric scaffold materials, we have compared the analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal (I/P) and oral administration of tramadol (10 mg/kg) over a period of 96 h post-surgery in rat craniotomy models. The focus of our study is to evaluate the potential pain reduction efficacy of orally administered Tramadol without any restraining involved. We have used various non-invasive methods to assess the pain-alleviating efficacy of tramadol administered through different methods. We found that the efficacy of oral administration of tramadol is comparable to I/P administration in alleviating pain. Additionally, oral administration through drinking water has the benefit of not putting the animal under unwanted restraining stress.
Applying feature selection and machine learning techniques to estimate the biomass higher heating value
Authors: Abdollahi Seyyed Amirreza , Ranjbar Seyyed Faramarz , Razeghi Jahromi Dorsa
Published: September 2023

The biomass higher heating value (HHV) is an important thermal property that determines the amount of recoverable energy from agriculture byproducts. Precise laboratory measurement or accurate prediction of the HHV is essential for designing biomass conversion equipment. The current study combines feature selection scenarios and machine learning tools to establish a general model for estimating biomass HHV. Multiple linear regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficients justified that volatile matter, nitrogen, and oxygen content of biomass samples have a slight effect on the HHV and it is better to ignore them during the HHV modeling. Then, the prediction performance of random forest, multilayer and cascade feedforward neural networks, group method of data handling, and least-squares support vector regressor are compared to determine the intelligent estimator with the highest accuracy toward biomass HHV prediction. The ranking test shows that the multilayer perceptron neural network better predicts the HHV of 532 biomass samples than the other intelligent models. This model presents the outstanding absolute average relative error of 2.75% and 3.12% and regression coefficients of 0.9500 and 0.9418 in the learning and testing stages. The model performance is also superior to a recurrent neural network which was recently developed in the literature using the same databank.
Influence of bovine and human serum albumin on the binding kinetics of biomolecular interactions
Authors: Charron Benjamin , Delorme Alexandre , Dubois Caroline , Hojjat Jodaylami Maryam , Masson Jean-Francois
Published: September 2023

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) containing buffers are the standard blocking buffer in biosensing, yet different binding kinetics are observed with buffers containing human serum albumin (HSA) or human serum.
ALP-assisted chemical redox cycling signal amplification for ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of DNA methylation
Authors: Zhang Hongding , Wu Sifei , Xing Zhenhua , Wang Hai-Bo
Published: September 2023

ALP-assisted chemical redox cycling signal amplification for ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of DNA methylation.
Ketosulfonylmethylenation and sulfonylethyleneation of imidazoheterocycles with dimethylformamide as a methylene source
Authors: Guo Tao , Hu Penghua , Liu Yu , Zhang Panke , Zhao Yunhui , Zhu Congjun
Published: September 2023

A hitherto unreported ketosulfonylmethylenation occurring at the C-3 position of imidazoheterocycles, with dimethylformamide as the methylene source was developed.
Accurate quantification of DNA content in DNA hydrogels prepared by rolling circle amplification
Authors: Schneider Leonie , Richter Madleen , Oelschlaeger Claude , Rabe Kersten S. , Domínguez Carmen M. , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: September 2023

Accurate quantification of amplified DNA in RCA-based hydrogels is achieved by a photometric nucleotide depletion assay or qPCR. The DNA content strongly depends on the template sequence and correlates with the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.
Investigation of the preparation, characterization, and whitening activity of co-amorphous glabridin and oxymatrine
Authors: Liang Peiyi , Hu Yi , Wang Zhuxian , Guo Yinglin , Chen Hongkai , Jiang CuiPing , Zeng Quanfu , Shen Chunyan , Wu Yufan , Liu Li , Yi Yankui , Zhu Hongxia , Yang Zhijun , Liu Qiang
Published: September 2023

This study successfully prepared co-amorphous Gla–OMT with good stability and whitening activity, which provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development and application of related whitening products.
Molecular dynamics investigation of benzoic acid in confined spaces
Authors: Sironi Luca , Macetti Giovanni , Lo Presti Leonardo
Published: September 2023

The confinement of supercooled benzoic acid increases the dynamic viscosity and the rotational correlation. Liquid–liquid transitions are observed within the nanocavity, mediated by the molecule-barrier interactions.
Proton transfer kinetics of transition metal hydride complexes and implications for fuel-forming reactions
Authors: Montgomery Charlotte L. , Amtawong Jaruwan , Jordan Aldo M. , Kurtz Daniel A. , Dempsey Jillian L.
Published: September 2023

This review discusses proton transfer kinetics for reactions involving transition metal hydride complexes, highlighting the techniques used to measure proton transfer rate constants and the implications for fuel-forming reactions.
Tools to enable the study and translation of supramolecular amphiphiles
Authors: Allam Thomas , Balderston Dominick E. , Chahal Mandeep K. , Hilton Kira L. F. , Hind Charlotte K. , Keers Olivia B. , Lilley Rebecca J. , Manwani Chandni , Overton Alix , Popoola Precious I. A. , Thompson Lisa R. , White Lisa J. , Hiscock Jennifer R.
Published: September 2023

We present key methodologies, illustrated with key case studies, to enable the study of supramolecular amphiphiles and support technology translation.
In situ SnSe deposition as passivation for scalable and stable quasi-2D lead–tin perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Lijun , Tekelenburg Eelco Kinsa , Gahlot Kushagra , Pitaro Matteo , Xi Jun , Lasorsa Alessia , Feraco Giovanna , Protesescu Loredana , van der Wel Patrick C. A. , Portale Giuseppe , Rudolf Petra , Brabec Christoph J. , Loi Maria Antonietta
Published: September 2023

A novel in situ SnSe deposition strategy is proposed to reduce non-radiative recombination and enhance surface crystallization for scalable and stable quasi-2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) lead–tin perovskite solar cells.
Advanced research and prospects on polymer ionic liquids: trends, potential and application
Authors: Lebedeva Olga , Kultin Dmitry , Kustov Leonid
Published: September 2023

Polymer chains endow PILs with unique aggregation structures and morphologies that are inaccessible to monomeric ILs, making them a sustainable material and allowing them to be used in various applications.
Photo/electrocatalytic site-selective C–H functionalization of 8-aminoquinolines and their analogues
Authors: Qiao Huijie , Zhao Kun , Li Yuwei , Yang Liting , Yang Fan
Published: September 2023

In this review, 8-aminoquinoline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and 1-naphthylamine scaffolds are classified, and the constructions of their selective C–H activation systems are reviewed in terms of photocatalytic and electrocatalytic synthesis.
A structure–activity approach towards the toxicity assessment of multicomponent metal oxide nanomaterials
Authors: Gakis G. P. , Aviziotis I. G. , Charitidis C. A.
Published: September 2023

A structure–activity approach is developed for the toxicity classification of multicomponent nanomaterials. The model takes into account the nanomaterial structure and composition to predict a toxic class for a wide number of nanoparticles.
Broadening the catalytic region from the cavity to windows by M6L12 nanospheres in cyclizations
Authors: Xu Meiling , Sun Bin , Poole David A. , Bobylev Eduard O. , Jing Xu , Wu Jinguo , He Cheng , Duan Chunying , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: September 2023

M6L12 nanospheres, with isolated gold sites fixed on the windows, were utilized as an example to prove that the cage windows present a confinement effect for substrate pre-organization and transition state stabilization leading to high rates.
Pathway complexity in fibre assembly: from liquid crystals to hyper-helical gelmorphs
Authors: Contreras-Montoya Rafael , Smith James P. , Boothroyd Stephen C. , Aguilar Juan A. , Mirzamani Marzieh , Screen Martin A. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Robertson Mark , He Lilin , Qian Shuo , Kumari Harshita , Steed Jonathan W.
Published: September 2023

Pathway complexity results in unique materials from the same components according to the assembly conditions.
Critical assessment of selenourea as an efficient small molecule fluorescence quenching probe to monitor protein dynamics
Authors: Jena Subhrakant , Tulsiyan Kiran Devi , Sahoo Rudhi Ranjan , Rout Saiprakash , Sahu Akshay Kumar , Biswal Himansu S.
Published: September 2023

This work unravels that reduced ΔE and higher −ve ΔG of the electron transfer reaction are crucial for an ultrafast intrinsic photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process that enables selenourea (SeU) as an efficient fluorescence quenching probe.
Herausforderung HRD-Diagnostik
Authors: Klein Friederike
Published: September 2023

Mutationen in Genen, die für die DNA-Reparatur von Bedeutung sind, kommen beim Ovarialkarzinom häufig vor. Diese Genmutationen stellen auch wichtige Biomarker für den Einsatz zielgerichteter Therapien dar.
Grundlage für die Zukunft
Authors: Röhmig Conny
Published: September 2023

Die Digitalisierung wird von vielen Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen noch immer kritisch gesehen. Prof. Jochen Werner, Essen, fordert zeitnahes Handeln, um später alle Vorteile genießen zu können. Sein Vortrag auf dem diesjährigen Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP) geriet nicht nur zu einer Brandrede für digitale Prozesse, er zeigte auch die vielen Schwachstellen im Gesundheitssystem auf.
Lokal begrenztes Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2023

In der Studie CheckMate 914 war die adjuvante Therapie mit Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab Placebo nicht überlegen. Auch Subgruppenanalysen geben keine Hinweise, welche Patienten von der Kombination profitieren.
Women in Microsurgery Fellowships: Trends and Impact on Future Practice Patterns
Authors: Campbell Tessa J. , Greige Nicolas , Yan Yufan , Lu Yi-Hsueh , Ricci Joseph A. , Weichman Katie E.
Published: September 2023

Background While the number of female plastic surgeons has continued to increase over time, plastic surgery has historically been a male-dominated profession with only 15% of practicing plastic surgeons being female. Microsurgery, as a subspecialty, has been long perceived as an even more male-centric career path. The objective of this study was to determine the representation of females in the subspecialty field of microsurgery and the impact of microsurgical fellowship training.

Methods A review of all microsurgery fellowship programs participating in the microsurgery fellowship match from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. Fellows were identified through fellowship Web site pages or direct contact with fellowship program coordinators and directors. The current type of practice and performance of microsurgery were also identified through a Web search and direct contact with fellowship program coordinators and directors.

Results A total of 21 programs and 317 fellows over a 10-year period were analyzed. Over this 10-year period, there was a total of 100 (31.5%) female microsurgery fellows and 217 (68.5%) male microsurgery fellows. There was a small, statistically insignificant increase in the yearly percentage of female microsurgery fellows over this 10-year period with an average yearly increase of 2.7% (p = 0.60; 95% confidence interval: –6.9 to 13.2%). There were significantly fewer females who continued to practice microsurgery compared to males (75 [75.0%] vs. 186 [85.7%], p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the current practice types (academic, private, and nonacademic hospital) between females and males (p = 0.29).

Conclusion Women are underrepresented in the field of microsurgery to a similar extent as they are underrepresented in overall plastic surgery. While there is a small insignificant increase in the number of female microsurgery fellows every year, a significantly smaller proportion of females continue to practice microsurgery compared to males.
Lymphedema Surgical Education and Faculty Demographics in United States Plastic Surgery Residency Programs
Authors: Finkelstein Emily R. , Clark Meaghan , Ha Michael , Singh Devinder , Xu Kyle Y. , Mella-Catinchi Juan , Rasko Yvonne
Published: September 2023

Background Recent advancements in supermicrosurgery and promising preliminary outcomes have led to a surge in physiologic lymphedema surgery. This study is the first to evaluate lymphedema surgical education among U.S. plastic surgery residency programs, along with the background and experience of plastic surgeons subspecializing in the field.

Methods Cross-sectional evaluation of 103 accredited U.S. plastic surgery residency programs was performed in January 2023. Web-based searches of program curricula, faculty profiles, and main institutional pages indicated whether a program provided nonclinical or clinical exposure to lymphedema surgery. Review of online faculty profiles, surname searches, Doximity, and Scopus determined the perceived demographics, academic productivity, and procedures performed by lymphedema surgeons.

Results Compared with the 11 programs that incorporated lymphedema surgery into their online curriculum, 67 programs had a rotation site with a surgeon performing lymphedema procedures. Of the 33 programs without evidence of clinical exposure, 76% (n = 25) did not provide or specify providing elective time. Faculty perceived to be female or a race underrepresented in plastic surgery had significantly more assistant professor titles (p < 0.0214) and significantly fewer years of experience (p < 0.0293) than their counterparts.

Conclusion Great variation in lymphedema surgical education exists among U.S. plastic surgery residency programs. While few programs incorporate lymphedema surgery into their advertised curriculum, programs without clinical exposure frequently did not provide elective time to obtain it. Faculty that were female or a race underrepresented in plastic surgery were most often early in their career, suggesting lymphedema surgeons may grow increasingly diverse in years to come.
Tuberculosis of Frontal Bone—A Rare Entity: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Nazneen Jeba , Patil Vasundhara , Agarwal Ujjwal , Karbhari Aashna , Bornak Gauri , Rai Pranjal , Mahajan Abhishek
Published: September 2023

Tuberculosis of the frontal bone is a rare entity, most commonly occurring in childhood. In situations of painless scalp swelling coupled with or without a discharging sinus that has not responded to antibiotics, a strong index of suspicion must be raised. Generally, conventional radiography and computed tomography are used for establishing the diagnosis along with microbiological confirmation. We present an interesting case of a young boy who presented with a 2-month-old bone lesion in the frontal scalp, accompanied by mediastinal lymph node involvement. Histopathology revealed tuberculous origin and successful antitubercular therapy resulted in significant improvement within 3 months. The calvarial bones can rarely be affected by tuberculosis, which can present with swelling, sinus discharge, pain, or in rare cases as blindness. Prompt diagnosis of this disease is needed as it is potentially curable and has an excellent prognosis. The cornerstone of treatment is antitubercular therapy, while surgical intervention may sometimes be required. Our case highlights the importance of keeping tuberculosis as a differential at the back of the mind when dealing with scalp swellings, particularly in children.
3D-Printing Applications in Ostomy Device Creation and Complex Intestinal Fistula Management: A Scoping Review
Authors: Soh Chien Lin , Pandiaraja Madhumitha , Powar Michael P.
Published: September 2023

Background This scoping review aims to provide a summary of the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in colorectal surgery for the management of complex intestinal fistula and ostomy creation.

Methods A systematic database search was conducted of original articles that explored the use of 3D printing in colorectal surgery in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, from inception to March 2022. Original articles and case reports that discussed 3D printing in colorectal surgery relating to complex intestinal fistulae and ostomies were identified and analyzed.

Results There were 8 articles identified which discussed the use of 3D printing in colorectal surgery, of which 2 discussed ostomy creation, 4 discussed complex fistulae management, and 2 discussed patient models.

Conclusion 3D printing has a promising role in terms of management of these conditions and can improve outcomes in terms of recovery, fluid loss, and function with no increase in complications. The use of 3D printing is still in its early stages of development in colorectal surgery. Further research in the form of randomized control trials to improve methodological robustness will reveal its true potential.
Dietary leucine deficiency alters performance, body composition, intestine microbiota, and immune response of female Cobb broilers
Authors: Amirdahri Saeid , Janmohammadi Hossein , Taghizadeh Akbar , Olyayee Majid , Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad Babak , Seidavi Alireza , Vlčková Radoslava
Published: September 2023

Context Leucine (Leu) is one of the branched-chain amino acids that is necessary for muscle protein synthesis. Basically, poultry feed ingredients contain abundant amounts of Leu. But little is known about dietary Leu deficiency in performance and health-attributing parameters of female broiler chickens, which may occur in crude protein-restricted diets. Aims This study evaluates the effect of Leu deficiency in diets on the growth performance, body composition, immunity, and caecum microbiota of female broilers. Methods Female broiler chicks (Cobb 500; 8 days old; n = 540) were randomly divided into six groups with six replicates (15 birds in each replicate) in a completely randomised design. The experimental diets included six concentrations of Leu (80%, 84%, 88%, 92%, 96%, and 100%) fed for 14 days. A basal Leu-deficient diet was formulated at the 80% recommended level, and the experimental diets were created by gradual replacing of crystalline L-glutamic acid with crystalline L-Leu. Average daily intake (ADI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (gain:feed), body composition, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) test to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), antibody response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and caecum microbiota were investigated. Key results The birds receiving the lowest Leu application level had the lowest ADI (P < 0.05) and a 20% higher fat content (P < 0.01) than did the birds fed 96% Leu. The population of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria count was increased (P < 0.001; by 36% and 10.3% compared with the birds fed 100% Leu in the diet respectively), and Lactobacillus (but not Enterococcus) count was decreased (P < 0.001; by 26.4% compared with the birds fed 100% Leu in the diet) with decreasing concentrations of dietary Leu. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass dry matter, protein and ash percentages, and immunity were not affected markedly by dietary treatments with different Leu concentrations. Conclusions The Leu deficiency influenced the broiler performance, body composition, and caecum microbiota, but not the immune response. Implications This study points to the importance of Leu supplementation in the diet of broilers to improve their growth performance, fat content, and intestine health.
Comment on ‘On the electrostatic potential and electric field of a uniformly charged disk’
Authors: Martín-Luna P , Gimeno B , Esperante D
Published: September 2023

In a recent paper (Bochko and Silagadze 2020 Eur. J. Phys.
41 045201), the authors carried out an analytical effort to arrive at an expression for the electrostatic potential and electric field of a uniformly charged disk everywhere in space. They obtained that the radial electric field has a term proportional to the Dirac delta function. In this comment, it is demonstrated that this term is not correct.
Study on the magnetic levitation of a magnetic flea
Authors: Jiang Yuchen , Wang Jin , Wang Xiaojie
Published: September 2023

We investigated the problem of ‘magnetic levitation’ originating from the

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International Young Physicists’ Tournament (IYPT). The problem was first investigated by a PRL paper (Baldwin et al.) in 2018, which states that the flea of a magnetic stirrer spinning fast enough in a liquid with a high viscosity coefficient can jump from the bottom and levitate stably. The magnetic force and gravity balance periodically. This phenomenon includes several concepts: magnetic dipoles, rigid-body rotation, fluid mechanics and magnetic levitation. They are more or less unfamiliar to undergraduate students. However, the movement of the flea could be described with a concise forced vibration equation, which is familiar in textbooks. The phenomenon could be divided into two stages: synchronous movement and levitation state. The transition is the jumping of the flea. We demonstrated this process and presented several equations to build this physical model. The progression of the phenomenon is due to the increase in the drive magnet angular velocity called the drive velocity. We verified our theory by simulation and experiments. Several parameters are experimentally verified to influence the phenomenon. We also discussed the origin of dynamic stabilization, which would be slightly complicated but worthy for students. In short, we introduce an interesting problem originating from the PRL paper that can be easily achieved under laboratory conditions. We extend some content in a pedagogical way that would be helpful for students to understand the related physical concepts, such as the influence of the viscosity coefficient of the liquid on the flea’s motion, which is not discussed in the PRL paper.
Uniqueness in determining rectangular grating profiles with a single incoming wave (part II): TM polarization case
Authors: Xiang Jianli , Hu Guanghui
Published: September 2023

This paper is concerned with an inverse transmission problem for recovering the shape of a penetrable rectangular grating sitting on a perfectly conducting plate. We consider a general transmission problem with the coefficient λ ≠ 1 which covers the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization case. It is proved that a rectangular grating profile can be uniquely determined by the near-field observation data incited by a single plane wave and measured on a line segment above the grating. In comparison with the transverse electric (TE) case (λ = 1), the wave field cannot lie in H
2 around each corner point, bringing essential difficulties in proving uniqueness with one plane wave. Our approach relies on singularity analysis for Helmholtz transmission problems in a right-corner domain and also provides an alternative idea for treating the TE transmission conditions which were considered in the authors’ previous work (Xiang and Hu 2023 Inverse Problems
39 055004).
Electric current distribution induced by applied magnetic field in a bent graphene nanoribbon cantilever
Authors: Maebuchi Kazunori , Inui Norio
Published: September 2023

Graphene exhibits diamagnetism, and its origin is the orbital electric currents induced on the surface by an applied magnetic field. The magnetic response of a graphene cantilever in the presence of a magnetic field is mainly determined by the diamagnetic electric current, and spin paramagnetism, which suppresses the diamagnetism. We elucidate the change in the electric current distribution caused by the large bending of the graphene cantilever using the tight-binding model. The electric current almost disappears when the position of the graphene cantilever transitions from perpendicular to parallel to the magnetic field and reverses when the graphene cantilever is folded in half. Furthermore, the temporal change in the magnetic energy of the vibrating graphene cantilever is calculated using the molecular dynamics simulation. The strong dependence of the magnetization of a graphene cantilever on its position relative to the magnetic field can be utilized for actuating and controlling the cantilever.
Anisotropy and isotope effect in superconducting solid hydrogen
Authors: Dogan Mehmet , Chelikowsky James R , Cohen Marvin L
Published: September 2023

Elucidating the phase diagram of solid hydrogen is a key objective in condensed matter physics. Several decades ago, it was proposed that at low temperatures and high pressures, solid hydrogen would be a metal with a high superconducting transition temperature. This transition to a metallic state can happen through the closing of the energy gap in the molecular solid or through a transition to an atomic solid. Recent experiments have managed to reach pressures in the range of 400–500 GPa, providing valuable insights. There is strong evidence suggesting that metallization via either of these mechanisms occurs within this pressure range. Computational and experimental studies have identified multiple promising crystal phases, but the limited accuracy of calculations and the limited capabilities of experiments prevent us from determining unequivocally the observed phase or phases. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the superconducting properties of all the candidate phases. Recently, we reported the superconducting properties of the C2/c-24, Cmca-12, Cmca-4 and I41/amd-2 phases, including anharmonic effects. Here, we report the effects of anisotropy on superconducting properties using Eliashberg theory. Then, we investigate the superconducting properties of deuterium and estimate the size of the isotope effect for each phase. We find that the isotope effect on superconductivity is diminished by anharmonicity in the C2/c-24 and Cmca-12 phases and enlarged in the Cmca-4 and I41/amd-2 phases. Our anharmonic calculations of the C2/c-24 phase of deuterium agree closely with the most recent experiment by Loubeyre et al (2022 Phys. Rev. Lett.
29 035501), indicating that the C2/c-24 phase remains the leading candidate in this pressure range, and has a strong anharmonic character. These characteristics can serve to distinguish among crystal phases in experiment. Furthermore, expanding our understanding of superconductivity in pure hydrogen holds significance in the study of high-Tc
hydrides.
Fault detection and quantitative assessment of wheel diameter difference based on ensemble adaptive tunable Q-factor wavelet transform and mixed kernel principal component analysis
Authors: Sui Shunqi , Wang Kaiyun , Chen Shiqian
Published: September 2023

Tread wear is inevitable for railway vehicles. Because of the complicated railway condition, the wear rates of the two wheels of a wheelset are usually unequal, which leads to the wheel diameter difference (WDD). The WDD shortens the service life of the wheelset and deteriorates the dynamic performance of railway vehicles. Therefore, it has long been desired to monitor and quantify the WDD condition. However, influenced by the random irregularity, the effective vibration features induced by the WDD may be completely submerged in noise. In this paper, an adaptive TQWT decomposition method is proposed for denoise and feature enhancement. In this method, a new evaluation index is constructed and used to determine parameters. The influence of the WDD on the vibration of the wheelset can be more obvious after denoised by the adaptive TQWT decomposition. Mixed kernel principal component analysis is introduced into the condition monitoring and quantitative assessment of the WDD. By calculating the Hoteling’s

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and SPE statistics, control charts are employed to identify and assess the WDD conditions quantitatively in conjunction with the corresponding control limits. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the simulation and experimental study. For the experimental datasets, the proposed method gives the average fault detection rate (FDR), false alarm rate (FAR), false alarm rate (PA) of 92.74%, 2.23%, 97.47% for the

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statistic and the average FDR, FAR, PA of 96.57%, 2.60%, 97.29% for the SPE statistic. The results show that the proposed method can effectively monitor the WDD conditions.