bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walmart and Guns: A Case Study in Modern Corporate Governance
Authors: Curran Clare
Published: May 2021

In August 2019, the Business Roundtable issued a new Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation. The statement, signed by 181 CEOs, including Doug McMillon of Walmart, declared that corporations should seek to serve the interests of all stakeholders—a marked departure from the Roundtable’s prior embrace of shareholder primacy. This shift in position reinvigorated debate among business and legal scholars about the proper purpose of a corporation.

Using Walmart as a case study, this Note argues that corporations are indeed adopting a more flexible and responsive conception of corporate purpose. This Note begins with a discussion of corporate governance theories, detailing four distinct visions of corporate purpose and control. It then examines Walmart’s decisionmaking process regarding ammunition and firearm sales in the wake of a tragic mass shooting at one of its stores. Finally, it concludes by reconciling Walmart’s conduct with the prevailing theories of corporate governance, ultimately finding team production theory— which calls for the balancing stakeholder interests—to be most applicable.
DEBT AND TAXES
Authors: Hasen David
Published: May 2021

The federal income tax conceptualizes the standard loan transaction as an exchange of cash for promises to pay interest and to repay the amount borrowed by the end of the term. This formulation is subtly incorrect in ways that have led to a weaker foundation for existing tax rules than they merit. Conceptualizing loans instead as closely akin to leases places most of the tax rules for debt on sounder footing because it clarifies that interest is the consideration paid for the use of the loan proceeds. If interest is the cost of the use of money, then simple borrowing is a fully-paid-for transaction, full basis credit in the loan proceeds for the period for which interest is paid is appropriate, and cancellation of debt is a straightforward accession to wealth in the period in which it occurs. These conclusions hold whether the interest is deductible or not and are consistent with current law, which has come under fire from some quarters.Although the proposed reconceptualization of loan as lease supports a number of longstanding income tax rules, one area in which it counsels significant reform is the taxation of partnerships. If loans are like cash leases made in exchange for interest qualifying as rent, Treasury should provide for the allocation of basis credit among partners for the partnership’s debt based on who bears the economic burden of the interest expense. The rule should apply regardless of whether the debt is recourse or nonrecourse and regardless of who would have discharge of indebtedness income on default. Such an approach differs markedly from the existing rules for recourse obligations but is closer to the rules for certain nonrecourse obligations. A modification of the rules applicable to partnership debt consistent with the loan-as-lease theory, therefore, would remove a significant discontinuity in the current tax treatment of partnership debt.
THE CASE FOR OVER-WITHHOLDING FEDERAL INCOME TAX: BENEFITS TO LOW-INCOME TAXPAYERS
Authors: Kroeber Susannah
Published: May 2021

The W-4 tax withholding form has been used by individual taxpayers for decades to calculate their tax withholdings. It is based, however, on the faulty assumption that most U.S. workers have a single source of income. This assumption has caused millions of taxpayers to incur unnecessary tax debt. The formula for calculating federal income tax withholding for employees routinely under-withholds for low-income workers who have multiple sources of income because, without substantial documentation and calculation by the employee, employers withhold as if they are the employee’s single source of income. Taxpayers may therefore see their income tax withheld at too low a marginal rate, oftentimes zero percent, and can have significant balances due on short notice at the end of the tax year.This Note documents that reality and proposes a solution. It proposes a reconception of the Form W-4 and the withholding formula through the lens of low-income filers and aims for a policy of over-withholding from those filers in order to reduce surprise tax due and related penalties. The proposed solution removes the bias towards achieving a “zero refund” from the form design by eliminating the tax-free threshold—for most filers, the equivalent of their standard deduction—from the withholding scheme. As discussed in the Note, the proposed policy would also have the benefit of increasing tax compliance, minimizing bureaucratic burdens, and providing a revenue-neutral solution for the government. This Note further suggests an extension of the proposed policy to provide a much-needed savings mechanism for low-income filers.
Looking Back, Looking Ahead: An Interview with Professor ZhaoHong Han
Authors: Kim Peter , Lew Wai Man Adrienne , Sun Haimei
Published: May 2021

On April 8, 2021, we had the great pleasure of speaking over Zoom with Professor ZhaoHong Han, the founding editor of SALT, which was originally called Working Papers in TESOL and Applied Linguistics. In celebration of the journal’s 20thanniversary, we discussed the motivation and vision behind establishing a web journal, future directions, essential qualities of an outstanding original research article, and advice for early career scholars and graduate students who are starting out to get their work published in journals.
Maintaining Dialogue in Remote English Classes
Authors: Jones Holly
Published: May 2021

This week, I’ve been thinking a lot about one of our students who has disclosed to my CT (Cooperating Teacher) that she has been living on her own for the past two semesters and works full time to support herself. Due to her work schedule, she goes through periods of time when she is unable to attend classes, and other periods of time when she can. She asked my CT to reach out to her other teachers about her situation so that they know why her attendance is sporadic. I worked with this student in our afternoon classes, which my CT had decided to reserve for making up work at the end of the marking period.
Reflections from Supervision Amid a Pandemic
Authors: Proulx Amy
Published: May 2021

Nearly overnight, we found ourselves adapting to a new normal: constantly worrying about loved ones, balancing life-at-home, and teaching and learning in “Brady Bunch” boxes. At first, I must admit, it was alarming. We all thought it: If cameras and videos are off, are the students even there? And more importantly, are students learning?
UNHOLY PRACTICES AMONG YOUTHS IN NIGERIA: VENOMS BREEDING TO A DISJOINTED SOCIETY
Authors:   Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria, Ajiboye Babatope Matthew
Published: June 2021

Before the year 1990 and up to the late 1990s, Nigeria was ravaged by what was known then as “Advanced Free Fraud” christened (419) and “Trades of Narcotic Drugs”. After more than two decades, a new set of unholy practices have found its way into the fabric of the society and have consistently proven to be worse than the duo of “419” and “trades of narcotic drugs”. This set of practices though not narrowed to the youths but majorly driven and made to flourish by the attendant number of youths who are in haste not only to make a living but flamboyant, thriftless and profligate lives detrimental to norms, values and society itself. Premised on the danger they herald for the society, the paper appraised the numerous unholy practices rampant among youths in Nigeria and their impacts on the society. Exploratory method was made use of; secondary source was employed and inferences were drawn via qualitative analysis. Findings revealed that exponential decadence among youths is directly proportional to the culture of prostitution, regime of internet fraud (yahoo-yahoo), kidnapping for ransom, social revolution of gambling etcetera. The paper concludes that unholy practices among youths have constituted a nuisance in no small measure to the society. The paper however advocates that the government at all levels should up their game in training youths in the vocation that would make them engage and reduce the surge in such practices in the society.
ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING – A NEW REALITY
Authors:   University of Craiova, Marcu Diana
Published: June 2021

The present paper aims at briefly summarizing the impact the 2019 - 2020 pandemic outbreak had on the educational field, when, with no prior preparation, all classes in the academic environment moved in the cyberspace, unveiling challenges for both teachers and students. The paper discusses the concepts of both online teaching and learning, their use to meet the needs of a specific category of students in different parts of the world as well as similarities and differences between the traditional and the online means of educating. The shift to mass online education has proved to be challenging, even impossible in certain areas, unveiling difficulties for all stakeholders involved. Though technology is widely used nowadays in all aspects of our lives, special focus is laid on teachers’ and students’ challenges, their expectations as well as their feelings regarding the new reality – that of attending all classes online in order to reach the goal: the acquisition of information and knowledge necessary in their future professional lives.
DESIGNING A HOLISTIC ADAPTIVE RECOMMENDER SYSTEM (HARS) FOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Authors:   Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Popa Alina
Published: June 2021

With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the world we knew changed significantly. The buying behavior shifted as well and is reflected by a growing transition to online interaction, higher media consumption and massive turn to online shopping. Companies that aim to remain top of mind to customers should ensure that their way of interacting with user is both relevant and highly adaptive. Companies should invest in state-of-the-art technologies that help manage and optimize the relationship with the client based on both online and offline data. One of the most popular applications that companies use to develop the client relationship is a Recommender System. The vast majority of traditional recommender systems consider the recommendation as a static procedure and focus either on a specific type of recommendation or on some limited data. In this paper, it is proposed a novel Reinforcement Learning-based recommender system that has an integrative view over data and recommendation landscape, as well as it is highly adaptive to changes in customer behavior, the Holistic Adaptive Recommender System (HARS). From system design to detailed activities, it was attempted to present a comprehensive way of designing and developing a HARS system for an e-commerce company use-case as well as giving a suite of metrics that could be used for its evaluation.
JUDGING THE CASE IN THE ABSENCE OF THE DEFENDANT REMOVED FROM THE TRIAL ON GROUNDS OF DISCIPLINE
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Ialanji Arina
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the legal provisions governing the conditions of trial in the absence of the defendant if he is removed from the trial for disciplinary reasons by adjusting them to practical cases both at national level and in the jurisprudence of the European Court and by highlighting gaps in the national legislation in this regard. The researched topic is a current one since the compromising behavior of the defendant during the court hearings is attested more and more often, a fact that directly threatens the order and solemnity of the criminal trial, as well as the interests of the participants in the trial. The issue in question acquires an important connotation, including through the uneven practice applied by the courts on how to judge the case by removing the defendant from the trial, as well as the negative consequences that arise as a result - nullity of the judgment adopted, thus violating the principle of efficient administration of justice. Based on the obtained results, the legal omissions in the part related to the trial procedure in the absence of the defendant are revealed, the judicial errors admitted in practice in this respect, being elaborated preliminary versions for their solution, which can be used effectively for the application of legal provisions. versions for their solution. the activity of applying the legal provisions in practice.
ECONOMIC POLICY OF GEORGIA IN THE FACE OF CHALENGES RELATED TO GLOBAL PANDEMIC
Authors: Dzhvarsheishvili Sofiko , Gogrichiani Ucha
Published: May 2021

Issue of pandemic crisis is actual nowadays, it is under attention of international and national scientists and is well reviewed in different types of literature. During the Covid -19 the attention of the Georgian government fully focused on the problem of health of Georgian people, while the economy of the country was partially paralyzed. Information included in the research strategy of the article were collected from multiple sources: documentary evidence, scientific literature analysis and statistical analysis. The scientific aim of the research is to highlight the current Georgian economic challenges related to pandemic. The authors had an objective to investigate social-economic outcomes in Georgia during the pandemic, to explore the major determinant of country’s economic development such as unemployment, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP) exports and imports, remittances, service sector. This paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the current important social-economic processes of the country, to generalize them in order to form proper opinions. Findings based on research suggest that the economic situation in Georgia is difficult, therefore all the parties that could influence the positive changes in economy should be informed and involved in every project planned by the local government and international organizations that provide opportunities to foster the process of regional economic development. Authors also provides recommendations how to increase the competitiveness of the country in the future. Pandemic for Georgia is not only a crisis, but also an opportunity to build a new economy, but it is clear that the world will never be the same as it was before Covid-19.
Rheumatoid Arthritis with Avascular Necrosis of Femur Head (AVN): A Case Report
Authors: Khushboo Rani , Sapra Umesh Kumar , Gujjarwar Vidula
Published: May 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease whichinvolve multiple joints  of the body.The clinical symptoms of the Rheumatoid Arthritisresemble with Amavata described in Ayurvedic literature. In thisdisease, the vitiated Vatadosha and Ama spread all along the body and  localisein kaphasthana likejoints and producing symptoms like pain, stiffness, swelling, tendernessetc.Treatment principle recommended are to correct the status of the digestive fireof the bodyand balance of Vata in the body. In this case, a male patient of 28 years old presented with the symptoms of inabilityto walk and stand without support associated with pain, swelling and  stiffnessover multiple jointsalong with deformity of hands. Pain was assessed by Visual analogue score(VAS).The patient was admitted in IPD of the hospital andtreatedwith Ayurvedic  medicines and Panchakarma therapy for 28 days. Remarkable improvement was seen in pain, swelling and stiffness after the treatment.
PARTICIPAÇÃO E ACCOUNTABILITY EM MOÇAMBIQUE: ANÁLISE ÀS EXPERIÊNCIAS DA GESTÃO MUNICIPAL NA CIDADE DE XAI-XAI
Authors: Simione Albino Alves
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho apresenta-se os resultados sobre a institucionalização de práticas orientadas para promover a participação pública, accountability e transparência na gestão municipal. Está baseado num quadro teórico que explora abordagem da reforma administrativa visando ampliar a democratização da administração pública. Considera-se que em tempos de descentralização e maior participação da sociedade na gestão pública, faz-se necessário a compreensão sobre como essas práticas estão sendo implementadas em países como Moçambique, haja vista a crescente disseminação desses conceitos nas últimas décadas no mundo inteiro. Baseia-se na abordagem qualitativa e sustenta-se no estudo de caso interpretativo com caráter exploratório. Seu objeto foi a estratégia de reforma administrativa moçambicana e implementação de suas concepções no Município da cidade Xai-Xai. Como resultado, constatou-se a tendência positiva na aplicação de novas práticas de gestão, entretanto, verificam-se ainda vários problemas estruturais e constrangimentos organizacionais que comprometem a criação de um serviço público mais accountable no nível municipal.
Uso de Mineração de Dados para Identificação de Atos Suspeitos na Prova de Direção da CNH
Authors: Zoby Leticia Toledo M. , Gomes Gabriel Lima
Published: May 2021

Uma das principais causas de perda de receita é a fraude. E com o crescente volume e armazenamento de dados várias empresas torna-se inviável a análise manual de todos os dados. O uso do KDD é (Knowledge Discovery in Database - Descoberta de conhecimento em base de dados) é um dos recursos no auxílio de gestão de grande quantidade de dados e transformá-los em informações. Este trabalho descreve uma das etapas do KDD, a mineração de dados, para extrair informações sobre índice de aprovação de exame de direção para obtenção da CNH, de uma base de dados real, para identificar possíveis casos de fraudes nesse exame. Foi utilizado detecção de outlier utilizando o boxplot e cluster com algoritmo k-means. Através dessas aplicações foi possível identificar os índices de aprovação atípicos e extrair informações sobre esses casos encontrados.
Can European society do without Christianity?
Authors: Ivaniuk Nataliia (s. Vitaliia)
Published: May 2021

The proposed article supports the need for Christianity as a religion that emphasizes the value of a human person, respectful and respectful of dangerous and temporal ideologies and temporal fashions. It indicates the concept of a person as the conquest of Christianity, which no civilization has occupied. It is Christianity that brings the infinite value of every representative human being as unique, unique, autonomous, endowed with the inner world, but capable of being in communion with others. The works of well-known European thinkers are analyzed that believe that Christianity has cultivated the spiritual values and priorities of European society and has allowed Europe to get rid of barbarism. In particular, the necessity of Christian ethics, which helps to live peacefully and favors tolerance and forgiveness, is justified. Evangelical ethics, like no other, teaches sacrifice and love for others. Seeing the needs of others and putting oneself in its place is a call from a Christian who imitates Jesus Christ. It also reveals the necessity of the Christian faith, which helps the individual and society to find answers to the main metaphysical questions and overcome the crisis, which is characterized by the lack of meaning in the life and activity of the individual.
Religious and philosophical principles of iconography development in Kievan Rus
Authors: Maksymiuk Yurii
Published: May 2021

In the article world view subsoil of origin of the icon limning is exposed in to Kievan Rus, influence of Byzantium icon-painting school is analysed on becoming of authentic Kievan Rus of the sacral painting, the role of monasteries is found out as cells of engaged in painting and iconography.
Constitutional and legal role of the Holy Eucharist in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
Authors: Makh Oleh
Published: May 2021

The article deals with internal legal nature of sacrament, particularly with three conditions of right for sacrament adoption, the paramount importance of which belongs to Holy Eucharist. Additionally, brief comments on the Code of Canons of Eastern Churches have been presented, through which the constitutional-legislative role of Eucharist is revealed (Canon 698-717).
How not to lose the right to be called a Christian outside the Church today?
Authors: Gogol Vasyl
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the thesis, Christianity and the present, challenges and ways of their solution. It is found out what place a Christian takes, outside the Church, in a parish, in a family, in school, and in a society. It analyzes the challenges that arise before a Christian, it is important not to lose his identity. Therefore, each of us is called to bear Good News, an example of our own lives. To be a Christian means to belong to Christ and the content of his life to be thankful to God.
The upbringing of children in the teachings of St. John Chrysostom (according to his works "Commentary on the First Epistle to Timothy" and "Conversation on words: a widow must be chosen at least sixty years old")
Authors: Yarema Mariia
Published: May 2021

The question of raising children in his works of St. John Chrysostom pays considerable attention, this topic repeatedly permeates his socially oriented teachings. The saint considers the work of raising children to be truly important and not deprived of the reward of God: "Listen to this, fathers and mothers: the upbringing of children will not be without reward for you" (Commentary on the First Epistle to Timothy, chapter 9).
Problematic aspects of Christian education in the assessment of Fr. Dmytro Blazheiovsky
Authors: Vaskiv Lesia , Vaskiv Andrii
Published: May 2021

The problematic aspects of the national-religious education of Ukrainians in the evaluation of the famous theologian and historian of the Church of Fr. Dr. Dmitry Blazheyovsky. The educational potential of the Church is analyzed, the methodology of Christian upbringing, worked out by pedagogical practice in the church environment, is researched. The extrapolation of the forms and methods of religious education into the plane of modern educational space was carried out. In interpretation of. D. Blazheyevsky reflects on the importance of cooperation between family, church and school in the cause of Christian upbringing of the younger generation.
Effect of Terminal Drought Stress on Morpho-physiological Traits of Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Baloch Muhammad Jurial , Chandio Irfan Ali , Arain Muhammad Ahmed , Baloch Amanullah , Jatoi Wajid Ali
Published: June 2021

Development of wheat varieties with low moisture requirements and their ability to withstandmoisture stress may cope-up well with the on-coming peril of drought conditions. Ten wheat genotypesincluding two new strains, PBGST-3, Hero, Bhittai, Marvi, Inqlab, Sarsabz, Abadgar, Kiran, Khirman andPBGST-4 were sown in split plot design with factorial arrangement in four replications at ExperimentalField, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Sindh Agricutlure University, Pakistan during 2012-13.The results revealed that water stress caused significant reductions in all morpho-physiological traits. Thegenotypes differed significantly for all the yield and physiological traits. The interaction of treatments ×genotypes were also significant for all the traits except plant height, productive tillers/plant, grains/spikeand harvest index, were non-significant which indicated that cultivars responded variably over the stress treatments suggesting that breeders can select the promising genotypes for both stress and non-stressenvironments. Among the genotypes evaluated Bhittai, Kiran-95, PBGST-3 and Sarsabz showed goodperformance as minimum reductions occurred under terminal stress conditions for all the traits studied.Hence, above mentioned genotypes were considered as drought tolerant group. The high positive correlationsof physiological traits like chlorophyll content and relative water content with almost all yield traits indicatedthat these physiological traits could serve as reliable criteria for breeding drought tolerance in wheat. Thenegative correlations of electrolyte leakage with several important yield traits indicated that though thisphysiological trait has adverse effect on yield attributes, yet it could reliably be used to distinguish betweendrought tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes.
Development of Buckwheat Cookies Supplemented with Wheat Flour
Authors: Hussain Nisar , Ullah Javid , Elahi Ehsan , Ahmad Sajjad , Zakaria Muhammad , A Murtaza , Ahmed Saeed , Huma Zelle , Ahmed Nazeer
Published: June 2021

The present study was conducted to develop buckwheat cookies supplemented with wheat flour.Buckwheat and wheat flour were examined for their proximate composition. Buckwheat flour contained11.6% moisture, 15.79% crude protein, 1.81% crude fat, 1.83% ash, 0.70% crude fibre content and 68.27%NFE, while wheat flour contained moisture content 13.12%, crude fibre content 1.93%, crude fat 1.42%,crude protein content 12.53%, ash content 1.57% and 69.43% NFE, respectively. Wheat flour was incor-porated into buckwheat flour at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% ratio to make composite flour and the developedcookies were analysed for quality evaluation. Supplementation of wheat flour significantly influenced theproximate and mineral composition of buckwheat flour based cookies. Moisture contents, crude fibrecontents and NFE (Nitrogen Free Extract) increased, whereas crude fat, crude protein and ash contentsdecreased. Mineral contents (Fe, Ca, K, Zn and Mg) of developed buckwheat cookies decreased withincrease in wheat flour supplementation levels. Sensory characteristics of supplemented cookies increasedwith increase in supplementation levels of wheat flour and were acceptable by judges in terms of test,colour, texture and overall acceptability. Cookies developed from C 50% C supplementation level of wheatflour got maximum scored points while C0 control C0 was found to be more nutritious and gluten freehaving more crude protein and mineral contents when compared to supplemented cookies.
OsDOF18, A DOF Transcription Factor from Rice Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Naqvi Syed Muhammad Saqlan , Deeba Farah , Sultana Tasawar , Raja Ghazala Kaukab
Published: June 2021

DNA binding with one finger proteins (DOF) play vital role in many cellular including bioticand abiotic stresses. In present study, OsDOF18, a member of DOF gene family from Oryza sativa wascloned into GST expression vector (pGEX4T-1) and sequenced. The sequence was subjected to in silicocharacterisation including similarity search, multiple sequence alignment followed by phylogenetic study.The three dimensional structure was predicted by I-TASSER server followed by authentication usingPROCHECK and QMEAN tools. Analysis of OsDOF18 by RT-qPCR confirmed the association of OsDOF18with abiotic stresses including salinity and drought. DNA binding domain containing region was clonedand over-expressed in Escherichia coli for stress analysis. OsDOF18 protein improved the E. coli survivabilityagainst salinity and drought stresses. The results suggested OsDOF18 as a stress-related gene in rice thatmay be used in generating stress tolerant plants.
Cost-effective analysis and budget comparison of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer treatment in a health insurance system in Thailand
Authors:   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Komvuttikarn Keeree , Sangkum Premsant ,   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Kongchareonsombat Wisoot ,   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Kijvikai Kittinut ,   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To compare the total medical cost and post-operative quality of life between laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) and to discuss the cost differences of each approach. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively reviewed from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and who underwent LRP (n=68) or RALP (n=104) during a 36-month period. The prostate cancers of all patients were classified as low, intermediate, or high risk. Patient variables, inpatient hospital charges, outpatient total medical costs within 24 months and post-operative quality of life were compared. Results: The baseline patient characteristics were similar between each group. Rates of positive margins and the need for further cancer treatment were correlated with the burden of disease (highest in the high risk group). The RALP inpatient hospital charges were higher in all risk groups. However, the mean total outpatient hospital charges were comparable. The RALP group demonstrated a trend towards better sexual-related quality of life in all risk groups. However, urinary incontinence, urinary-related, bowel-related, vitality-related quality of life were not significantly different between LRP and RALP. Conclusion: From the payer’s perspective, RALP costs are higher than LRP costs. The clinical and quality of life benefits associated with RALP may not convert into a net savings of total medical costs within 24 months after surgery.
Comparison between circumferential local anesthesia and dorsal penile nerve block in circumcision procedure
Authors:   Urology Department, Ranong Hospital, Ranong, Thailand, Angsurak Chawat
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To compare circumferential local anesthesia and dorsal penile nerve block with regard to pain control during adult circumcision. Materials and Methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted and 30 men were randomly assigned into one of the following groups: circumferential local anesthesia (LA) and dorsal penile nerve block (DNB). Patients in both groups were injected with 0.2 ml/kg of 2% lidocaine without epinephrine before circumcision using the different techniques. During the operation, pain score was evaluated in accordance with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the data were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The patients in the LA group felt more pain than those in the DNB group during anesthetic injection (4.73 vs 3.7, p<0.05) but the pain scores were lower than in the DNB group during the outer prepuce incision (0.47 vs 3.93, p<0.05), inner prepuce incision (0.33 vs 1.47, p<0.05) and incision near/at Frenulum (0.33 vs 4.47, p<0.05). Overall pain score was higher in the dorsal penile nerve block group (1.53 vs 2.6, p <0.05). The circumferential local anesthesia is equally effective through all stages of the circumcision whereas the dorsal penile nerve block was not effective at the ventral surface of penis. Conclusion: For pain control in circumcision, circumferential local anesthesia is more effective than dorsal penile nerve block.
Feasibility study of relative renal function assessment by contrast-enhanced abdominal CT in comparison to 99mTc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy
Authors:   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Kalapong Jittapat , Thaidumrong Tanet ,   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Chitwiset Seksan ,   Department of Radiology, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the feasibility of using contrast-enhanced abdominal CT to assess relative renal function. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study reviewed data from 32 patients who had had investigations by contrast-enhanced abdominal CT and 99mTc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy, within a period of not more than 30 days. Post-processing CT images of kidneys were by manual segmentation and calculated to interpret the relative renal function. Results: There was strong correlation between CT derived relative renal function and 99mTc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy (r = 0.971, p < 0.001) and no statistically significant difference in renal function between the two techniques (p = 0.572). Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT can determine relative renal function as accurately as renal scintigraphy. It is an appropriate alternative method, especially in hospitals where renal scintigraphy is not available.
SÍNDROME DA VASOCONSTRIÇÃO CEREBRAL REVERSÍVEL: UM RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Anchieta Ronan Arnon Camilo de , Souza Emilly Marien Dias da Silva de , Macieski Paola Barros , Santos Renato Carvalho , Nogueira Lucas Caixeta , Silva Luciano Ricardo França da
Published: May 2021

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Numerical Investigation of The Effect of Finned Obstacle on Heat Transfer
Characteristics in a Rectangular Channel
Authors: Şimşek Caner , Akansu Selahaddin Orhan
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, with the development of technology and science, heat transfer holds an
important place in engineering applications. In industrial areas, heat increases give
rise to overheating, causing system errors. Passive techniques are frequently used to
prevent from such disruptions. In this work, fins which are passive techniques which
provide heat transfer development with high efficiency and low cost were investigated.
To improve heat transfer, finned structures should be well optimized. On the other hand,
the designer can prevent mixing the incoming air with the heated air with a bad design,
which may cause a negative effect rather than improve heat transfer. In this work, in
contrast to previous works that is smooth tube and 0 degree rectangular finned tube,
four fin structures were designed and flow and heat-transfer characteristics numerically
analyzed. These are crescent finned tube, 20 degree symmetrical imperforated rectangular
finned tube, 20 degree asymmetrical imperforated rectangular finned tube and 20 degree
symmetrical perforated rectangular finned tube banks with six rows. In this
investigation, the geometric parameters were not changed and their effects on flow and
heat transfer properties in different Reynolds numbers on these models were examined.
The results indicate that the symmetrical structure has better heat transferability and
higher friction loss compared to the asymmetrical structure and the perforated fin is
higher than imperforated fin but the overall performance is not always superior.
Therefore, both symmetrical and perforated finned tube is designed and analyzed with the
highest heat transfer potential, it is seen that in terms of heat transferability this
model is better than other designs.
Phát triển tài chính và bất bình đẳng thu nhập - bằng chứng thực nghiệm tại Đông Nam Á
Authors: Thị Mỹ Linh Nguyễn
Published: May 2021

Khi bất bình đẳng thu nhập làm suy giảm sự gắn kết và niềm tin xã hội, thì một điều quan trọng cần xem xét là trong các nền kinh tế đang phát triển như khu vực Đông Nam Á, phát triển tài chính sẽ làm giảm hay làm trầm trọng thêm tình trạng bất bình đẳng thông qua huy động và phân bổ tiết kiệm vào đầu tư sản xuất. Bài viết sử dụng kỹ thuật ước lượng GMM cho dữ liệu bảng từ 8 quốc gia trong giai đoạn 1992 – 2016. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy mối quan hệ hình chữ U thuận giữa tăng trưởng thu nhập bình quân đầu người và bất bình đẳng thu nhập, trong khi đó, giữa phát triển tài chính và bất bình đẳng có mối quan hệ theo hình chữ U ngược. Bên cạnh đó, chất lượng nguồn nhân lực có tác động âm có ý nghĩa đến bất bình đẳng, tức có ý nghĩa quan trọng làm cho phân phối thu nhập trở nên bình đẳng hơn. Các phát hiện này đưa đến một số hàm ý chính sách cho Chính phủ các nước vùng Đông Nam Á.
Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng tới hoạt động nghiên cứu và phát triển – đánh giá từ góc độ nhà quản lý ở các trường đại học khối kỹ thuật, công nghệ
Authors: Đăng Tuệ Nguyễn
Published: May 2021

Hoạt động phát triển khoa học và công nghệ đóng vai trò quan trọng đối với các trường đại học trong việc nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo và xây dựng danh tiếng của trường. Nghiên cứu này tìm hiểu các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả của hoạt động phát triển khoa học và công nghệ thông qua đánh giá của các nhà quản lý. Sử dụng bộ số liệu điều tra của Hiệp hội cá trường đại học và cao đẳng Việt Nam, tác giả áp dụng mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM) để kiểm định các giả thuyết liên quan đến sự tác động của các nhóm nhân tố quản lý, trao đổi thông tin, tài chính và nhân lực tới kết quả của hoạt động phát triển khoa học và công nghệ. Kết quả cho thấy các nhóm nhân tố quản lý, nhân lực có ảnh hưởng tới kết quả hoạt động phát triển khoa học và công nghệ và nhóm nhân tố tài chính là cản trở đối với hoạt động này. Dựa trên kết quả thu được, tác giả đưa ra một số hàm ý chính sách.
Ảnh hưởng của trải nghiệm thương hiệu đến chất lượng mối quan hệ và lòng trung thành khách hàng
Authors: Thị Hồng Nguyệt Nguyễn
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu này nhằm xem xét vai trò của trải nghiệm thương hiệu trong việc tạo lập và duy trì chất lượng mối quan hệ thương hiệu - khách hàng và lòng trung thành thương hiệu. Theo đó, mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là đo lường sự tác động của trải nghiệm thương hiệu đến lòng trung thành thương hiệu một cách trực tiếp và gián tiếp thông qua chất lượng mối quan hệ. Mẫu nghiên cứu là 500 khách hàng được phỏng vấn trực tiếp bằng bảng câu hỏi để kiểm định mô hình nghiên cứu. Nghiên cứu ứng dụng phương pháp mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính SEM để phân tích dữ liệu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy trải nghiệm thương hiệu không có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến lòng trung thành thương hiệu nhưng có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp chất lượng mối quan hệ và có tác động gián tiếp đến lòng trung thành thương hiệu thông qua chất lượng mối quan hệ
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định mua sản phẩm Sâm Ngọc Linh của người tiêu dùng tại thị trường Kon Tum
Authors: Thị Hồng Nghĩa Lê , Tố Như Nguyễn
Published: May 2021

Sâm Ngọc Linh là một loại dược liệu quý, có giá trị kinh tế cao và bắt đầu được các doanh nghiệp phát triển theo hướng đa dạng hóa các chế phẩm từ dược liệu này. Tuy nhiên, các nghiên cứu liên quan đến nhu cầu và ý định mua sản phẩm này hiện nay vẫn chưa được đi sâu nghiên cứu. Bài báo này đã sử dụng lý thuyết hành vi tiêu dùng có kế hoạch (Theory of Planned Behavior- TPB) để xem xét các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định mua của người tiêu dùng đối với sản phẩm Sâm Ngọc Linh. Một mẫu gồm 176 người tiêu dùng đã được khảo sát bằng bảng phỏng vấn với phương pháp chọn mẫu thuận tiện. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy “Chuẩn mực chủ quan”, “Thái độ”, “Nhận thức về kiểm soát hành vi” đều có tác động lên ý định mua của người tiêu dùng đối với sản phẩm sâm Ngọc Linh. Đây là cơ sở để cho các doanh nghiệp tiếp cận tốt hơn đến thị trường mục tiêu của mình
The effects of dividend policy to stock prices of listed companies in Vietnam stock market
Authors: Hồ Thị Lam , Hồ Thùy Phương Trâm
Published: May 2021

Dividend policy is one of the most important policies in corporate finance management. Understanding the impact of dividend policy on the distribution of profits, corporate value and thus on the stock price is important for business managers to make policies and for investors to make investment decisions. This study is conducted to evaluate the impact of dividend policy on share prices for companies listed on Vietnam’s stock market in the period from 2010 to 2018, based on the availability of continuous dividend payment data. Using the FGLS method with panel data of 100 companies listed on the HoSE and HNX, we find evidence of the impact of dividend policy on stock prices, supporting supports the bird in the hand and the signal detection theories. The findings of this study help to suggest a few recommendations for business managers and investors.
Educational Experiences: Voices of Incarcerated Male Youth & School-to-Prison Pipeline
Authors: Singleton Everett
Published: June 2021

Youth who experience academic failure are at a greater risk for involvement in delinquency. While studies have revealed a myriad of factors for such failure, the perceptions of these youth regarding their educational experiences have proven to be one of the most valuable resources regarding the systematic barriers to academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to understand how incarcerated male youth perceive their educational experiences. Results indicated that some incarcerated youth make meaning of their educational experiences through a series of complex events, changes, and circumstances occurring in their school and personal lives. Some of these were positive, while others often exposed them to unhealthy environments, substance abuse, and criminal elements. Although their experiences varied, it was clear that failure was an ongoing occurrence throughout their academic journey. Their stories were also rife with suspensions, expulsion, truancy, retention, academic failure, school violence, poverty, and parental neglect; furthermore, youth revealed personal challenges that had a direct or indirect impact on their academic journey, including feeling of inferiority due to their academic shortcomings.
Education by professions: to the theoretical substantiation of the modern strategy of professional education
Authors: Кислов А.Г. , Шапко И.В.
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена специфике профессионального воспитания учащихся, которая во многом
обусловлена содержанием обучения, а также положением, которое занимает та или иная
профессия в окружающей реальности. Осмысление вызовов времени порождает необхо-
димость разработки специальной научной теории мира профессий как особого сегмента
человеческой деятельности. Цель работы — наметить важнейшие контуры этой теории как
методологической основы решения современных задач профессионального воспитания,
для обоснования стратегии которого предлагается философская теория генезиса, функционирования и развития мира профессий, значимые составляющие которой оформились в наследии выдающегося отечественного мыслителя М. К. Петрова. В статье эксплицированы ключевые для построения данной теории идеи, изложенные с учетом неопределенности современных реалий как фактора развития мира профессий и выбора ориентиров в сфере профессионального воспитания. Эффективный ответ на вызов времени невозможен без использования в воспитательном процессе потенциала «общей» культуры человечества, актуализация которого в теории и практике профессионального воспитания была и остается надежным гарантом высокой результативности в условиях возрастающей неопределенности во всех сферах общественной и приватной жизни

The article is devoted to the specifics of professional education of students, which is largely due
to the content of training, as well as the position that a particular profession occupies in the
surrounding reality. Understanding the challenges of the time creates the need to develop a special
scientific theory of the world of professions as a special segment of human activity. The purpose
of the work is to outline the most important contours of this theory as a methodological basis for
solving modern problems of professional education, for the justification of the strategy of which
the philosophical theory of the genesis, functioning and development of the world of professions
is proposed, the significant components of which are formed in the legacy of the outstanding
Russian thinker M. K. Petrov. The article explicates the key ideas for the construction of this theory,
set out taking into account the uncertainty of modern realities as a factor in the development of the
world of professions and the choice of guidelines in the field of professional education. An effective
response to the challenge of the time is impossible without using the potential of the “common”
culture of humanity in the educational process, the actualization of which in the theory and practice
of professional education has been and remains a reliable guarantee of high performance in the
conditions of increasing uncertainty in all spheres of public and private life.
UTILIZAÇÃO DA TECNOLOGIA NIRS PARA PREDIÇÃO DOS VALORES NUTRICIONAIS DE FORRAGEIRAS
Authors: Rech Ângela Fonseca , Werner Simone Silmara
Published: June 2021

A Espectroscopia no Infravermelho Próximo (Near Infrared Spectroscopy - NIRS) tem sido muito utilizada com objetivo analítico nas mais diversas áreas de pesquisa, produção e indústria em materiais como petróleo, produtos químicos, óleos, madeiras, polímeros, tecidos, medicamentos, alimentos, bebidas, solos etc. Após a correta implantação da técnica, a análise não necessita de reagente químico, é robusta, rápida, não destrutiva e não exige mão de obra especializada. Porém, para que a técnica seja utilizada de forma confiável, modelos de calibração precisos e acurados devem ser desenvolvidos para cada material e para cada componente de interesse. O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer algumas informações básicas importantes sobre a técnica NIRS, seu fundamento, potencial e limitações de uso.
Crescimento e atributos fenológicos dos cultivares de goiabeira-serrana em São Joaquim, SC
Authors: Ciotta Marlise Nara , Dos Santos Karine Louise , Pasa Mateus da Silveira
Published: June 2021

A feijoa é uma espécie de ocorrência espontânea na região Sul do Brasil e no Uruguai, pertencente à família Myrtaceae. Apesar de sua adaptação e potencial produtivo, ainda é pouco cultivada comercialmente, diferente do que ocorre em outros países onde a espécie foi introduzida e já vem sendo amplamente cultivada. Com vistas a propiciar o cultivo no Brasil, quatro cultivares comerciais foram lançadas pela Epagri em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo, fenológico e produtivo dos cultivares ao longo de três safras. Observou-se que não existe diferença de desenvolvimento vegetativo entre eles, em termos de diâmetro de tronco e altura de planta. Quanto ao grau de produção, pelo menos em duas safras avaliadas, os cvs Alcântara e Helena foram superiores às demais e não diferiram entre si.
Análise comparativa do custo de produção e da rentabilidade do cultivo de ostras no verão e no inverno, em Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
Authors: Suplicy Felipe Matarazzo
Published: June 2021

Este artigo analisa o custo de produção de ostras cultivadas durante o verão e o inverno, para averiguar se a mortalidade de ostras associadas às elevadas temperaturas da água do mar no verão é um fator impeditivo para o cultivo nesta estação. Os resultados evidenciaram que, na fazenda acompanhada, os custos de produção foram bastante similares entre as duas estações. Os principais diferenciais encontrados na análise foram a incidência de predadores no verão e os custos mais elevados de pró-labore no inverno, devido à necessidade de um maior período de cultivo quando o ciclo é iniciado no outono. Foi recomendado uma alteração no manejo do cultivo para evitar a predação, e para permitir que o produtor se favoreça do período de cultivo mais curto observado no verão.
Examination of Organizational Culture Variables in Sports Organizations (Perspective from Turkey)
Authors: Samur Serdar
Published: May 2021

Organizational stagnation occurs in every system where basic cultural change slows down, and the current situation becomes the usual option until conscious and consistent cultural change initiatives are implemented. It is seen that sports organizations in our country cannot make the desired change in their organizations, although they apply modern management approaches to increase their performance.The study aims to determine the cultural variables and their sub-titles that affect the increase of sports organizations’ performance. This research was conducted according to qualitative research methods. In the research, 4 different types of culture emerged as Solidarity and Cooperation, Innovative, Being Competitive,and Emphasis on Hierarchy. It has been determined that these types of culture are similar to Clan, Adhocracy, Marketing,and Hierarchy Culture types defined as dominant cultural differences in Quinn and Cameron’s competitive values model.