bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factual Disagreements in Construction Delay Disputes: Identification, Evaluation and Testing of the Justifications for Differences in Opinion
Authors: Atanasov V A , Greenwood D J , Sanchez D E , Hatcher C J
Published: December 2022

Construction delay claims are a leading cause for disputes in the sector. There are two primary aspects to such disagreements: legal and factual. The focus of this paper is the latter. It identifies, evaluates and ranks the factors that impact the analysis of evidence concerning construction delays. The research method is two-fold, involving content analysis of twenty case studies, that identifies the reasons for difference in expert opinion (or factors), and testing of these findings in a survey questionnaire designed to examine the impact and comprehensiveness of those factors. This method provides a more rigorous assessment than previous studies and therefore a more precise list of variables. It is concluded that the factors can be grouped into two categories: (i) materials and documents and (ii) matters of interpretation. Although both categories are important, the deficiencies in the former are often exploited by the parties and/or legal professionals to generate conflicting results in terms of extension of time entitlements. Incorrect, incomplete, undisclosed and/or unagreed records and procedures are used to generate ambiguity and create opportunities to perpetuate claims and disagreements. The work presented here provides additional support to the proposition that opportunistic behaviour is at the core of factual delay disputes and further evidence that tailored contractual delay protocols such as delay analysis clauses can be an effective aspect of a broader solution.
Inefficiencies in the delivery of low-income housing in South Africa: is governance the missing link? A review of literature
Authors: Mhlongo NZD , Gumbo T , Musonda I
Published: December 2022

South Africa is one of the most urbanised and highly industrialised countries in Africa, with over 61% of the population in the urban areas. Moreover, poor access to housing manifests through informal settlements, slums and backyard dwellings mainly in the cities. While several housing policy interventions have been developed, the housing backlog is estimated at more than 2 million. The Covid-19 pandemic has massified problems resultant to shortage of housing, and the quality of housing across income levels, with low-income groups being the most affected. This paper locates governance discourse in housing development, acknowledging that the concept is used both in the academic discourse and general discussions on how institutions manage their business, including broader societal structures. The paper argues that governance is the missing ingredient in the current policy interventions towards delivery of low-income housing in South Africa. Using selected case studies from literature, this paper analyses and discusses low-income housing delivery processes and systems. Key findings are that housing delivery processes largely exclude governance principles primarily stakeholder participation, accountability and transparency. Notable is that government remains the sole actor in the identification and addressing housing needs, and this results in community resistance during implementation of projects.
A scientometric review of public-private partnership in critical infrastructure resilience
Authors: Ampratwum G , Osei-Kyei R , Tam V W Y
Published: December 2022

Critical infrastructure resilience requires disintegrating traditional silos of stakeholders to form collaborative network such as a public-private partnership. Critical infrastructure resilience is mostly influenced by the relationship between public (government institutions/agencies) and private sector (private institutions/agencies). Public-private partnership is recognized as a medium to build the resilience of critical infrastructure. In this study, a scientometric review was conducted using VOSviewer and Gephi to identify the publication trend and gaps in the public-private partnership in critical infrastructure resilience research domain. A total of 87 publications were retrieved from a literature search on Scopus. It was identified that more studies have acknowledged the use of public-private partnership to build critical infrastructure resilience. However, majority of the public-private partnership in critical infrastructure resilience research papers were on cyber security. Some of the gaps identified included, limited studies on the responsibilities of the public sectors and private sectors in CIR, risks in using public-private partnership to build critical infrastructure resilience, the structure of PPP in CIR in different infrastructure sectors, and critical resilience strategies applicable to a public-private partnership in building critical infrastructure resilience. The outcome of this research will be beneficial to researchers where the gaps identified can be explored for further studies.
Exploring the synergies between Life Cycle cost / Whole Life Cost and Building Information Modeling: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Yousfi A , Poirier E A , Forgues D
Published: December 2022

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a cost estimating approach for project and asset planning and delivery that considers the direct and indirect costs incurred over the entire life cycle of an asset. This approach can be expanded to the concept of Whole Life Cost (WLC), which additionally considers externalities and benefits. WLC can demonstrate the financial impacts, both positive and negative, of a project on its environment, in other words it can show its complete value. Despite its potential, the approach is still perceived as complex because, among other things, access to data can be difficult and the approach is still not supported by a standardized methodology. Building Information Modeling (BIM) could be used to address these issues as both WLC and BIM are deemed complementary. BIM provides WLC with better data management, improved calculation accuracy and visualization of project impacts. In return, WLC improves project understanding, decision making and reinforces life cycle thinking. This paper aims to study the potential synergies between BIM and WLC through a systematic literature review. The identification of these synergies helped form a frame of reference to better understand the opportunities that this combination can offer. Future studies would be needed to explore the application of BIM and WLC at different project scales and identify the context in which the combination of BIM and WLC is the most beneficial.
Visual Management (VM) supporting collaborative practices in infrastructure engineering design
Authors: Pedó B , Koskela L , Tzortzopoulos P , Tezel A , Robinson S
Published: December 2022

Managing the design of complex engineering systems requires an organisational structure and an information system to support collaboration among all stakeholders. Technological developments in information management have the potential to facilitate interactions across physical boundaries, even more during the Covid-19 pandemic. Visual Management (VM) is an information management strategy, as well as a means for communication between individuals, supporting collaborative work. However, there is a lack of effective understanding of how digital VM can support infrastructure engineering design. The adoption of digital collaborative VM in the context addressed is new, under rapid evolution, and there is limited understanding of how the users embrace VM while interacting with it. The aim of the paper is to explore the adoption of VM, focusing on digital whiteboards, to support collaborative practices in design processes. The ongoing investigation is carried out in collaboration with an infrastructure design and consultancy company, and follows the action research approach. The VM effectiveness was investigated by analysing the whiteboards applicability to diverse functions and comparing digital and manual implementations. Initial findings include understanding digital whiteboards as a means for collaboration among individuals with different perceptions to establish a common point of view, as it allows the information to be transferred across time and space, identifies abnormalities, and supports problem-solving. By creating a common ground, it has the potential to support complex and emergent interactions in the collaborative space.
Sources of challenges for sustainability in the building design – The relationship between designers and clients
Authors: De Paula N , Jyo L K , Melhado S B
Published: December 2022

Sustainability demands have changed the building design nature, which gained complexity due to the increased diversity of requirements, activities, agents, and tools. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has a potential to contribute to sustainability enabling the building integrated design, performance simulations, life cycle assessment and information use throughout the building life cycle. The aim of this paper is to investigate the sources of challenges in the relation between architectural and engineering (AE) design firms and clients (developers or private individuals) for promoting sustainability in the building design. Also, it is investigated if BIM has been implemented by the firms and how it relates to management and sustainability. The research method adopted is qualitative and participatory based on focus groups. Two groups were interviewed: eight AE design firms and six developers and/or construction companies. Analysing the research findings, the sources of challenges that were identified are the lack of definition and communication about the stakeholders’ sustainability approach; the lack of a more detailed design scope and required qualifications by the clients, but also the lack of business management and firm’s performance evaluation processes by designers; the traditional project delivery systems, traditional work relationships, tools and processes that do not support the collaboration needs. In addition, AE design firms’ organization affects the client relationship and design quality including the consideration of sustainability issues in the design solutions. The sources are found in the AE design firm’s processes of strategy planning, business and marketing, design, people, and knowledge management. So, further research will be carried out about managerial and organizational capabilities of AE design firms for sustainability and BIM.
An investigation of difficulties in information management for delay and disruption claims
Authors: Ali B , Aibinu A A , Paton-Cole V
Published: December 2022

Information is important for making successful delay and disruption claims in construction projects. Without the required and complete information, it becomes challenging to provide supporting evidence for the damages incurred due to various delay and disruption events. However, there are several difficulties associated with managing the information needed for delay and disruption claims, which create complexities in the substantiation and resolution of these claims. This research, therefore, aims to explore such difficulties and propose recommendations for its mitigation to improve the process of delay and disruption claims. To achieve this, the concept of information management was adopted. Based on systematic review of literature using well-recognized databases (SCOPUS and Web of Sciences) and following PRISMA guidelines, 26 different difficulties were identified and prioritised in the collection, storage, access, and use of information required for delay and disruption claims. Incomplete information, lack of human resources, poor communication, verbal instructions and inaccuracy in recorded information were found to be the most common difficulties in the information management for delay and disruption claims. Recommendations are given to overcome the identified difficulties through available modern digital technologies such as drones, the internet of things, BIM, blockchain, bigdata and machine learning etc. This will pave way to obtain complete and accurate contemporaneous information on delays and disruptions in construction projects. Moreover, effective information management for delay and disruption claims will not only improve the process but also help in avoiding and/or amicably resolving disputes between contracting parties.
Criticality analysis of financial risks of public-private partnership projects in a Sub-Saharan African country
Authors: Akomea-Frimpong I , Jin X , Osei-Kyei R
Published: December 2022

Integrating sustainable and complex financial performance models into Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project management is a challenging task due to the sheer number of inherent financial risks. Financial risk is a key impediment in the development of public infrastructure projects in Ghana. Studies on PPP projects in the country have concentrated on critical success factors and stakeholder management with little in-depth assessment of financial risks. This study develops and analyses the key financial risks of PPP infrastructure projects in Ghana. The research methodology is set as follows. First, the identification of twenty-eight financial risks in institutional and project reports, and peer-reviewed articles. Second, collection of primary data via surveys from 126 PPP experts (academics, risk managers and project managers). Third, the development and testing of a novel quantitative model on the criticality of financial risks of PPP projects. The findings show high interest charges, excessive operating expenses, and huge construction material costs as some of the critical financial risks that must be tackled immediately in the country. The outcomes of this study broaden the understanding of financial risks of PPP projects, and it sets the stage for further research.
Incorporating Emerging Technologies in the Forensic Analysis of Construction Project Delays
Authors: Boyacioglu S E , Greenwood D , Rogage K
Published: December 2022

Considering the significant role of the construction industry in the global economy, its continuous adoption of new technological advances is both desirable and inevitable. These advances include Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML). However, not all sections of the industry currently embrace these developments. Forensic Delay Analysis (FDA) is an activity of specialists in extracting and presenting evidence contractual claims disputes that relate to project delays. Such delays are frequent and expensive, but the FDA process has benefitted little from these new technologies. The paper reports the initial work of a collaborative PhD project funded under the Intensive Industrial Innovation Programme of the European Regional Development Fund. The project explores the integration of BIM and AI/ML technologies within the FDA process. The potential of emerging technologies in different parts of the FDA process is first considered, followed by a systematic literature review (SLR) of published work that might support, refute, or exemplify such contributions. The findings show that BIM and AI/ML offer promising solutions to the current challenges of FDA and opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness of dispute resolution, but further work is needed to test the proposed improvements on real-world project workflows and to collect expert feedback to assess their effectiveness.
The use of building information modelling tools for effective waste management: A systematic review
Authors: Liphadzi Nhlalala Michelle , Musonda Innocent , Onososen Adetayo
Published: December 2022

Construction waste needs to be managed to safeguard the environment. During the design stage in construction, BIM is usually used to demonstrate a virtual presentation of the building. The model can predict material that could be wasted. There is little research on “BIM for waste management”. This study adopts a systematic literature review using the PRISMA model to evaluate extant studies on BIM for waste management. A systematic literature methodology is used to summarise the results of articles that have been previously published. Furthermore, this article identifies BIM tools that can be used for addressing the major problems caused by waste. Findings reveal the barriers to the implementation of BIM for waste management, which are; lack of BIM awareness, unavailability of resources, the lack of guarantee in the security of stored information, and uncertainties in legal policies. Three main BIM-based tools, which can be used for planning for effective waste management have been identified and discussed. The significance of this research is to raise awareness for BIM tools as an aid to effective waste management in construction. The study also points out future research areas that can be investigated to aid the implementation of BIM-based tools for waste management.
Block by block: potential and challenges of the blockchain in the context of facilities management
Authors: Collins D , Lindkvist C
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate possibilities for the blockchain to impact Facilities Management and the challenges that its implementation would present. This paper mostly takes the form of a theoretical study involving desk research and limited case study examples. The paper shows that the growth of blockchain technology is becoming more and more embedded in various industries and that the building and FM sectors may be potential candidates for its future implementation under certain circumstances. Blockchains are not a fully established technology in FM so the potential value of them is yet to be established. Smart contracts and documentation recording in blockchains such as Ethereum can schedule maintenance better, ensure supplier, landlord and tenant contracts are more robust and easier to action. This paper also shows that blockchain technology is not without its challenges such as a lack of privacy and the fact that it is still an emerging technology. However, new competencies and understandings are essential in preparing for what is increasingly likely to be an inevitable future for the industry. This leads to the question of whether blockchains shape their infrastructure to FM, or whether FM should be the medium to change. The results of this paper can be of benefit to facilities and building managers, property developers, blockchain experts as the era of big data, digital twins and smart buildings becomes increasingly pervasive
Environmental attitudes and recycling behaviour of architects in New Zealand
Authors: Balador Z , Gjerde M , Vale B
Published: December 2022

The use of reclaimed and recycled building materials is considered a pro-environmental behaviour and studying the factors that influence this is a first step towards establishing such behaviour. It is therefore essential to understand how pro-environmental behaviours develop. This article investigates the relationships between the influential factors on behaviours that help reduce waste in the construction industry, focussing on New Zealand architects. The study utilizes an online questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), which is made up of attitude, subjective norm, intention, and perceived behavioural control. The study reveals that the attitudes, intentions and perceived behavioural control of architects are strong predictors of pro-environmental behaviour while the subjective norm is a weak predictor. Knowledge of architects about regulations and certificates related to recycled materials will influence the pro-environmental practices. One of the obstacles in this way is the attitude of people and architects can play an important role in changing it. These findings show that architects need to be informed about related regulations and educated about different ways of integrating these materials.
Lean and visual managements contribution to sustainable facilities management
Authors: Schultz A L , Klungseth N J
Published: December 2022

Sustainable management practices such as lean and visual management can be directly linked successfully to facilities management practices. This was acknowledged during an exploratory case study that assessed the leanness of a university’s transformation, evaluating their lean and value-added approach to enhancing workflow efficiencies. The research study was limited to one UK university estates and property services lean journey. Design science research methodology with an action research approach was applied. In conjunction with qualitative methods such as interviews, questionnaires, and participatory observations in action that included a workshop. The literature review surmised that there is a lack of data demonstrating the correlation between lean visual management and sustainable management practices especially in facilities management services. Additionally, combining sustainable management and change management methods is also not widely researched. When sustainable management practices that include lean and visual management are implemented in facilities practices customer expectations are improved, waste eliminated, color coding and labelling implemented, and known sustainable practices such as recycling of furniture, fixtures and equipment occur adding value and reallocating financial resources. It is recommended that change management be introduced to better understand workplace culture when executing transformation directives. Subsequently, management will become better equipped at contending with employee’s attitudes, work ethics, and behaviours. The originality of this research exploration illustrates that facilities management departments should embrace sustainable management practices that include lean visual management methods combined with change management. Consequently, improving employee experience, return on investment and acknowledgment from customers, senior leadership, and the C-suite.
The impact of industry 4.0 technologies on the environmental sustainability of commercial property by reducing the energy consumption
Authors: Hübner D , Moghayedi A , Michell K
Published: December 2022

This research examined the concept of industry 4.0 technologies (IT4) and identified the effects that they have on the environmental sustainability of commercial properties in South African. The extensive literature review revealed that IT4 used to reduce the energy consumption of commercial properties is not widely adopted in South Africa. This could be attributed to South Africa’s energy building regulation, SANS 204, which provides the minimum energy saving specifications for local building requirements. It was discovered that only green buildings implemented industry 4.0 energy-saving technologies to reduce their energy consumption above the SANS 204 standards. Furthermore, it was found that buildings waste large amounts of energy which can be prevented through the use of industry 4.0 energy-saving technologies. The researchers attempted to evaluate the impact of IT4 on the energy consumption of South African commercial properties through an overarching constructivist paradigm. The research was conducted using a multi-case study approach, utilising qualitative and quantitative data on green buildings which have IT4 installed. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the quantitative data (energy consumption), while qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews for an in-depth analysis. The research findings revealed that IT4 could reduce a commercial building’s energy consumption by as much as 23%. The study also found that IT4 reduced a building’s carbon footprint and improved employee productivity. This paper would provide value to developers and landlords who have limited information regarding the factors around the implementation of IT4.
Discussion of digital transition impact in Facility Management of buildings
Authors: Sampaio Rodrigo Pedral , Flores-Colen Inês , Costa António Aguiar
Published: December 2022

As buildings have various subsystems and numerous components, managing them is challenging. The management of buildings should be efficient during their life cycle, with a sustainable way of considering the new challenges of the Europe Union (EU): resilience and digital transition. Facility management (FM) contributes to achieving these goals, involving multidisciplinary activities and relying on different technologies. The recent concern about an effective digital transition in FM offers an excellent opportunity to improve facility information management in existing buildings through robust data analysis, machine learning, and simulation tools, such as interoperable building information modelling (BIM) platforms. Within this scenario, gathering and structuring in-service information for FM is crucial to boost digital transition in buildings management. This paper discusses the approaches with potential and higher impact in FM and the related steps that should be considered regarding product data template, data collection, and optimisation models.
Sustainable accounting standard for increasing sustainable refurbishment projects
Authors: Lous Madeleine , Lund Sofie , Mathisen Christian Fredrik , Bjørberg Svein , Valen Marit Støre , Salaj Alenka Temeljotov , Diaconu Mara
Published: December 2022

A sustainable refurbishment is a fundamental approach toward reaching the EU’s climate goals. Some challenges to rehabilitating existing housing areas are few high-quality standards, lack of funding, and low residential interest. This paper aims to present the findings from the development of a SAS – Sustainable Accounting Standard tool from different stakeholders’ perspectives and information from the testing period. A triangulating combination of literature review, survey, and interview are chosen. The literature review forms a theoretical basis within the field. Experiences with the SAS tool are retrieved through semi-structured in-depth interviews with project participants from co-operative housing associations and a survey for residential board members from selected pilot projects. The SAS tool forms an improved process for sustainable development in housing co-operatives, addressing all aspects of sustainability, early involvement of stakeholders, and the importance of residents’ participation. The project shows that the equal involvement of stakeholders is essential to reaching the goal and that commitment, trust, communication, and knowledge sharing are the basis. The established KPIs are good indicators for condition analysis and ambition plans. The SAS tool can contribute to a smoother refurbishment process with proper prioritization of improved measures.
Identifying built environment solutions, in Thai community hospital outpatient clinics, to prevent the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Prugsiganont S , Waroonkun T
Published: December 2022

Due to the unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease - 2019) healthcare facilities, including Thailand community hospitals were mandated to adjust their facilities to both medical and non-clinical areas to prevent the spread of the disease. The study aimed to identify problems focusing on the physical settings of out-patient departments (OPD) in community hospitals during the first Thailand COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020. Furthermore, the study focused on providing design suggestions for preventing the spread of respiratory infectious diseases. The study employed a two-step approach to data collection. First, physical setting observations of the OPD of the two hospital buildings. Second, interviews with 22 healthcare employees; 11 participants from the first hospital and 11 participants from the second hospital. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis. Five main themes were identified: (1) factors leading to accumulation of pathogens, (2) measures for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases, (3) current services and physical settings of outpatient clinics, (4) guidelines for improving the physical setting of outpatient clinics and (5) prevention of accumulation of pathogens in OPD areas. Results indicate that not only improving the physical setting of the OPD areas is required, but a strict patient screening process and an organized building management programme should also be considered. Such actions with workflow management would have played important roles in preventing the spread of respiratory diseases during the first COVID-19 outbreak. The findings from the study contribute to both research and industry. For the research, the study contributes to three literature topics including hospital building evaluation and assessment techniques, hospital design, and design prevention for the spread of COVID-19. For industry, the study contributes to the future development of layout design that can prevent the spread of COVID-19 throughout Thai community hospitals.
From waste heat to domestic hot water; a sustainable and financially viable solution?
Authors: Karan Ebrahim , Mohammadpour Matin , Asadi Somayeh , Mohammadpour Atefeh
Published: December 2022

Modern waste management facilities that combust waste to generate domestic hot water or electricity are more sustainable than landfilling but not necessarily more viable. Space limitations and advances in sorting waste before burning it may financially justify the construction of waste combustion facilities. In addition, building small-scale incinerators close to demand centres (e.g., homes) can provide a resilient option compared to centralized systems. This study aims to financially assess the use of an incinerator to provide domestic hot water for homes. First, data regarding hot water consumption in homes is collected through a survey. The collected data is compiled with national data to generalize the results. Once we know the hot water demand, a cost-production model is developed to assess the cost of hot water supply for an incinerator that combusts wood, rubber, and plastic waste. The incinerator used in this study has a water-cooled structure that allows for building the facility in the proximity of the demand centre. In addition, this smokeless incinerator is equipped with high-pressure air to attain the highest achievable efficiency in the market. The cost per gallon of supplying hot water is compared to the cost of using traditional power options such as gas and electricity and the cost of disposing waste in a landfill combined. The results of the study determine the required amounts of waste per household and the financial viability of using waste management facilities to provide domestic hot water.
Research and Evidence-based standards: Research and standards in combined efforts for a sustainable transformation of the built environment
Authors: Klungseth Nora Johanne , Nielsen Susanne Balslev , Alves Da Graça Moacyr Eduardo , Lavy Sarel
Published: December 2022

Standards for products, processes and management systems are important tools for the much-needed sustainable transformation of the built environment. With standards, we refer to documents coming from standardisations bodies such as ASTM/ANSI (USA), BSI (UK), CEN (Europe), and ISO (global). The purpose is to investigate the role standards play in current research to exemplify various ways CIB and standardisation bodies can combine efforts for a sustainable transformation of the built environment (BE). Scientific journal articles were identified though literature review. The paper focuses on the building’s use and operation phase and especially the new Facility Management (FM) standards (ISO 41000 series) developed by the technical committee ISO/TC267. Our findings are based on a closer analysis of 10 journal articles from 2010-2021 after identifying 198 relevant articles. The articles refer to a broad range of standards which proves the relevance of standards in building research. There are no proves of how research has influenced standards, only examples of research aiming to enhance standards. Improving and implementing international FM standards is a driver to improve the BE sustainability. CIB and the standardisation bodies have an important role to accelerate the societal transition processes and contributing to society’s demands of sustainability and resilience.
A Method of Making DEM by Data Fusion of Multi-Device Point Cloud
Authors: Song Dianwei , Li Shenghan , Li Silin , Jin Shuaishuai , Tang Dongdong , Tan Yi
Published: December 2022

When planning to build greenways in jungles, accurate topographic information of the target area is significant. The traditional topographic survey is usually manually conducted with several tools, which is not only labour-intensive and time-consuming, but also has limitations in accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, this paper presents a method to generate a digital elevation model based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground equipment supplements the ground area covered by vegetation where UAV-based equipment cannot reach. Iterated Closest Point (ICP) is first used to register the point cloud data from UAV and ground mobile equipment. Then, point cloud classification is used to non-ground point cloud. Finally, the digital elevation model and contour line are obtained. A real experiment is conducted to validate the presented method. The results show that this method not only overcomes the UAV’s limitation of having difficulty in collecting point cloud data from the covered area, but also realizes large-area point cloud data collection that ground mobile equipment cannot. Compared with the traditional base station and multi-person assistance measurement, the presented method is more efficient and effective.
Analysis and Identification of Building Construction Accident Risk in China basing Exclusively Database
Authors: Yao G , Sun W T , Yang Y
Published: December 2022

In order to reduce the number of building construction accidents (BCA) and ensure construction activities safety, investigators analyzed BCA in China with recent representative 10 year data. Firstly, the investigators collected BCA information in the research period, determined accident trend and pattern in various dimensions. The development of safety management strategies for tower crane accidents (TCA) and collapse accidents (CA) was essential for construction safety control. Secondly, the investigators collected major construction accident (MCA) information in China in the research period, established AHP models for TCA and CA respectively. The second-level accident causes of the AHP model can provide targeted evaluation feedforward factors for quantitative checklist. Finally, the investigators formulated an audit method for TCA management measures and CA prevention management measures. It was found that there were specific trend and pattern in the occurrence of BCA, such as hourly trend, monthly trend, annual trend, regional pattern, type pattern, and cross pattern. Two MCA, TCA and CA, were screened out in this study. The corresponding feedforwards were obtained by analyzing the MCA.
A Socio-Technical System (STS) Framework for Modular Construction of Cognitive Buildings
Authors: Ghansah F A , Lu W , Chen J , Peng Z
Published: December 2022

The cognitive building provides promises if its social and technical requirements are considered holistically, but these have not been consciously explored, particularly within modular construction, which offers an unexploited opportunity. This study, therefore, aims to develop a framework for the modular construction of a cognitive building as a socio-technical system to ensure effective human-technology interaction, stakeholder acceptance and engagement. The framework is examined with a mock-up project of a student smart residential building in Hong Kong, similar to a cognitive building, which adopted a modular construction technique. The case demonstrated that the framework effectively ensures multi-perspectival involvement of key stakeholders at the design and manufacturing phase to produce modular units cleanly embedded with appropriate and operable cognitive building technologies for users and facility managers before transported to the site. The study is based on a single case study; hence, there could be a little scientific rigour providing little basis for the generalisation of the results to a wider space. As buildings are technologically advancing, future studies are encouraged to look at other possible case projects that utilise modular construction principles and evaluate them by adopting this study’s STS framework or its enhanced form.
Research proposal on architectural copper-based antimicrobic solutions in high traffic spaces
Authors: Ferraro C , Esposito M A
Published: December 2022

This contribution investigates research opportunities in the field of architecture and design management focusing on user health in high traffic spaces. The field of application is Airport Passenger Terminals. Looking at the COVID-19 pandemic and anticipating the possibility of events of the same magnitude, it is necessary to approach the problem of the safety in public spaces. Based on the State of the Art about antimicrobial material studies, Science of Architecture could propose innovative solutions that are compliant with health safety and prevention for high-use surfaces. These solutions will combine antimicrobial materials with a digital solution that could manage data about surfaces, allowing the maintenance team to valuate and optimize operations. After few hours the hygiene level of copper-based surfaces is higher than any other material. Copper-based furniture could be paired with sensors that send data to management software. Combining the use of scientifically demonstrated antibacterial surfaces with high-performance management tools could be the best option to achieve health safety and contribute to social sustainability. Airport terminals are the ideal high-traffic buildings to use as test model because they have all the characteristics that could be analysed concerning the safety and the perception of safety of architectural spaces by users.
The Application of the Best Value Approach in Purchasing Card Services
Authors: Kashiwagi Jacob , Kashiwagi Dean
Published: December 2022

A US State’s Office of State Procurement (OSP) was seeking to procure Commercial Card services. The OSP was challenged with a lack of competition in previous procurements. The OSP identified that the vendor centric approach of the Best Value Approach (BVA) would improve the result of their procurement. OSP enlisted the help of the Performance Based Studies Research Group (PBSRG) to identify how to integrate the BVA into their current process. PBSRG identified the States’s procurement approach as client centric. The State and PBSRG ran the BVA to procure the State’s Commercial Card program showing that the vendor centric approach did not require the client to be an expert in the service they were procuring. The results showed that the State was able to attract more vendors to bid on their service, increased the value of the service and minimized the time and effort of the OSP in procuring the service. The State did not implement the project management component of the BVA.
Building’s digital twin model shown as first-person and third-person views
Authors: Liinasuo M , Kuula T , Goriachev V , Helin K , Aust M
Published: December 2022

Construction industry is currently facing challenges such as a high number of occupational injuries and a somewhat weak connection between design and construction phases. One way to amend the situation is to increase data availability to construction professionals. Information about the structure and features of the building to be built should be shared so that various professionals can use the so-called digital twin model of the building for his/her purposes. We have created a concept for delivering the building information model (BIM) that can be viewed in various ways from various devices. We tested the viewing and using of BIM in augmented reality (AR), with high-end eXtented Reality (XR) technology (Microsoft HoloLens 2) and a tablet. Briefly, according to our test results, AR seems to be good when user needs to be perceived him/herself as if inside the building model, and tablet suits for viewing the digital model from the outside of it. Novice users of the AR technology need much more support in using the technology than the experienced ones. All test participants found the concept good and the technology with which to use it as promising.
Technology implementation status and perceived benefits: A study of New Zealand construction organisations
Authors: Chen X , Chang-Richards A
Published: December 2022

New and emerging technologies such as digital technologies and new construction techniques have altered the way buildings are designed and constructed. However, to what extent they are practically implemented in the construction sector remains unknown. By employing a qualitative interview approach, this study attempts to examine the current status and perceived benefits of technology implementation in the New Zealand construction industry. The results manifest high adoption rates of technologies for basic design, group collaboration, and data visualisation, acquisition and management. Benefits of improvements in work efficiency, productivity, quality, and health and safety are highly appreciated by the interviewees as being primary. The findings of this study contribute to an improved understanding of the practical needs, trends and motivations for technology adoption among construction organisations in New Zealand. Such knowledge and understanding can inform the decision making of government agencies and industry body organisations in facilitating technology adoption, allocating resources for effective technological transformation in the sector.
Implementing and Sustaining the Best Value Approach in an Organization
Authors: Kashiwagi Joseph , Kashiwagi Dean
Published: December 2022

In recent years, construction companies have lost millions of dollars due to poor project management performance on projects. The Best Value Approach (BVA) is one of the only documented systems to show an increase in the performance of project management. It has been used on over 2000 projects with a 98% customers satisfaction to cut costs, decrease time, reduce effort, and improve quality on projects. The BVA system is also the most licensed technology at Arizona State University with 65 licenses. The issue with the BVA is that professionals have struggled to implement and sustain the system in their own organizations. Research was conducted at SKEMA Business School as part of a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) to resolve the sustainability issue. The research included a complete literature review of the BVA and 32 other buyer/supplier systems along with a practitioner’s survey (107 participants) and 10 test projects from a large organization that has been utilizing the BVA for over three years. The result of the study is 11 unique BVA characteristics, 6 identified issues by practitioners, and 15 modifications to improve the sustainability of the BVA. The research provides a foundational framework for how organizations can implement and sustain the BVA that has been tested and used with a large organization.
An investigation into the relationship between diversity, leadership and innovation in the South African construction industry
Authors: Madikizela K , Michell K
Published: December 2022

Without a diverse leadership and workforce, in the South African construction industry innovation is hindered and slowed, resulting in a weakened ability to respond to a fast paced and technologically driven market and economical changes, which has a direct impact on organisational growth. Little is known about the role of leadership in managing the relationship between diversity and innovation in the South African construction industry. The construction industry has not been responsive to market changes and therefore slow to innovate. This rapidly evolving contextual landscape requires a more diverse workforce in order to address these challenges. This paper presents the findings from a study that investigated and analysed the role of leadership in managing the relationship between diversity and innovation in the construction industry. In this context leadership is described as the ability to select, equip, train, and influence one or more followers who have diverse gifts, abilities, and skills and focuses the followers to the organisation’s mission and objectives. Diversity are described as age, ethnicity, cultural background, gender, race and capabilities. Innovation is described as the implementation of ideas that have come together to create new solutions to problems or improvements to existing systems, processes, products, or attempted solutions.
Profit factors in real estate projects: A comparison of academic studies and expert opinions
Authors: Fazilet M B , Artan D
Published: December 2022

Primary goal of private real estate investment projects (REIPs) is to make profit. Therefore, REIP profitability is a critical performance indicator. This study identifies and compares the determinants of profit in REIPs in the academic literature and the industry. Firstly, 191 profitability factors are identified and categorized by an in-depth review of the literature over the period of 2000-2019 in the selected databases and journals on construction, real estate and economics. Secondly, a final set of 66 factors from the literature are constructed based on the frequency analysis and using the normative refinement technique. Finally, face to face interviews are conducted with 15 senior managers working in the Turkish real estate and construction sector to validate the factors identified with the comprehensive literature review. Consequently, 96 REIP profit factors were obtained from the industry. The comparative analysis of the literature review and expert opinions shows that beside the prevalent similarities, experts focus more on design related factors, previous project records, value engineering, testing and commissioning, and the work environment. The benefits of this study are twofold: (i) helping professionals to understand the factors required to control profitability in REIPs, (ii) providing an extensive list of profitability factors for future researchers.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for safety in the construction industry: a systematic literature review
Authors: Perera C S R , Gao S , Manu P , Francis V , Urhal P
Published: December 2022

The construction industry is one of the most dangerous sectors with poor safety performance. With recent technological developments, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are demonstrating the potential to be a valuable innovation to improve construction safety. To date, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the applications of UAV for safety in the construction industry. In order to systematically assess the research status on UAV to improve construction safety, this research investigated published journal articles (in English) within the Scopus database to determine the current research gaps and future work suggested by the publications. Thirty-three articles and reviews were included in the study. The analysis revealed a positive trend in publications in this area. Publications were also analysed based on the country of origin of the research and the journal. Prototype and experiments were identified as the most frequently used research methods. The majority of the studies, irrespective of the type of construction, focused on the construction stage. Where health and safety aspects were concerned, the use of UAV for visualisation and identification of hazards were found to be the most frequent applications. Some research gaps and recommendations for future research are also discussed in the paper