bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDENTS’ VOICES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19
Authors: Nabilah Muna , Daud Afrianto , M. Syarfi M. Syarfi
Published: September 2022

The pandemic of Covid-19 has massively switched education delivery in the world from face-to-face learning to online learning. This qualitative study aimed to investigate students’ voices of the implementation of online learning during the pandemic of Covid-19 in higher education context. There were eight students of English Study Program Universitas Riau involved in this study selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and documentation. The participants’ voices were thematically analysed in terms of their learning participation, accessibility, material and assignment delivery of the online learning. This study found that the students view online learning as learning experiences that bring both benefits and challenges. Students perceive online learning is a good choice to prevent the spread of coronavirus and a good time to improve their digital skills, but they were not really enthusiastic about its implementation. There are four major obstacles they faced, such as internet access, monotonous teaching method, limited interaction, and ineffective material and assignment delivery. The findings imply that online learning delivery in Indonesia still needs more improvement for better performance in the future.
INVESTIGASI PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TUGAS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA: TEMUAN DI SMP NEGERI 1 LEWA KELAS VII
Authors: Lutfi Ochtavia , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: September 2022

The learning process of goodness and organized teaching staff is highly prioritized to achieve the competencies expected to all students. Ineffective delivery due to time constraints, especially in science lessons causes the learning process run unwell. Besides the discomfort in learning is also an important problem in every teaching and learning process. Often students feel bored with the material delivered too monotonous and make students not pay attention to the teacher during studying. A new method of providing additional assignments at the end of each meeting is carried out in this study to obtain a change in students' interest in learning well. This study has two cycles with stages of planning, action, observation, reflection, and the end of the action. Direct observation is applied to this research method. The results showed that the first cycle had an increase in interest in learning from pre-cycle 33.33% to 50% with 20 students who had reached the minimum threshold (KKM) and 12 students who had not either. Increased interest in learning with very good criteria occurred in the second cycle with a percentage of 83.33% in which 31 students reached the KKM and 1 student was not.
ANALISIS SENSOR KAPASITIF PELAT SEJAJAR PADA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI DETEKSI ZAT SATU FASA DAN MULTI FASA
Authors: Rabbani Fahmi Muhammad , Yuniarti Elvan , Al-Huda Mahfudz
Published: September 2022

This study uses a pipe/tube-shaped plate capacitive sensor to measure single-phase and multiphase substances to analyze linearity, frequency range, and sensitivity testing. The distance and area of the sensor electrode plate are held constant that and can be viewed from the dielectric material and experimental material. The material or dielectric medium in parallel plate capacitors is a phase consisting of air, aquades, and vegetable oils. Whereas multiphase substances are a combination of air volume, aquades, and vegetable oil. The best linearity analysis results are 0.9467 for aquades + 0.1% NaCl samples and the worst 0.564 for tap-water in layer 1 and the best linearity value is 0.966 for aquades + 0.1% NaCl samples and the most poor 0.5658 is on tap-water at layer 2. The optimal frequency range is at intervals of 500 kHz to 12.5 MHz and the smallest sensitivity test is 500 kHz and the greatest sensitivity is at 12.5 MHz.
ANALISA SIFAT MAGNETIK DAN IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN PASIR SUNGAI KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Handerson William , Sinuraya Salomo
Published: September 2022

Research on the Analysis of Magnetic Properties and Content Identification of kampar River Sand Riau Province has been carried out. Sand samples taken in the Kampar River were then taken to  University of Riau instrumentation and magnetization laboratory to dry first, after which magnetic mineral separation was carried out using an Iron Sand Separator (ISS) . The next sample was measured its magnetic induction value using 2500 winding solenoids with currents (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000) mA with a fixed distance of 1 mm. The results showed that the magnetic susceptibility value for sand samples at point C was the highest value followed by the location of point B and point A with successive values of 13,767.96 x , 8,508.48 x  , and 8.008.10 x , and this value is included in the anti-ferromagnetic ilminite (FeTiO3) interval with a range of values (220-380000) x ,  . The results of the mass susceptibility value for the concentrate show that sand at the location of point C is the highest value followed by locations of points B and A with values of 13,969.70 x . 9,482.71 x .  and 6,441.25 x ., and this value is included in the inter ferromagnetic FeTiO3 ilminite interval with a range of values (46-8000 ) x .. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) test results for the Fe element have increased after ISS. Sand which is at point B has a greater percentage, followed by the locations of points A and C with values respectively 17.265%, 11.386% and 10.952%.
TAMPILAN BIREFRINGENCE PADA GANGGUAN PEMBENGKOKAN SERAT OPTIK KOMERSIAL
Authors: Veriyanti Velia , Saktioto Saktioto
Published: September 2022

Optical fiber components are increasingly growing in the telecommunication technology with various forms to facilitate effective and stable communication. However, the output signal of optical fiber is still experiencing interference, bending power loss n and dispersion, such as birefringence. To minimize the interference, this paper investigates birefringence profile on the aspect of disturbance and geometrical parameters for commercial single-mode optical fiber (SMF) through OptiFiber simulation. This simulation build the model of several SMFs, namely SMF-28, SMF-28e, SMF-28e +, SMF-28e + LL, and SMF-28 ULL which have different refractive index for core and cladding, but their radii are fixed for each wavelength source of 1310nm and 1550nm. The impact of interference on optical fiber can be understood from birefringence model of its bending radius to  power loss and wavelength. The highest loss occurred at SMF-28 fiber of 0.012dB / km with a radius of 0.020m for wavelength of 1310nm and bending loss at wavelength of 1550nm was 31.96dB / km at radius of 0.02m. This finding shows that magnitude of normalized frequency strongly determines the effectiveness and stability of optical fibers.
ANALISA SUSEPTIBILITAS MAGNETIK DAN KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT AKIBAT POLUTAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI BEBERAPA RUAS JALAN KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Vahyra Vischa , Salomo Salomo
Published: September 2022

The research on the magnetic susceptibility, mass susceptibility, and heavy metal content due to automotive contaminants using magnetic susceptibility and X-ray fluorescence  has been performed. Samples were taken on three roads in Pekanbaru City, i.e. Jendral Sudirman, Ahmad Yani and Pangeran Hidayat Road. The sample was dried, sifted, separated between magnetic and non-magnetic particles, identified and analyzed. The magnetic induction value of the concentrate as a function of current (200,400,600,800,1000) mA was determined using the Pasco PS-2162 magnetic probe and 2500 winding solenoid. The magnetic induction value also increased when the electrical current was increased.  The findings of this analysis showed that concentrates had the magnetic susceptibility values (4888.8–11095.8) × 10-5, while the mass susceptibility of concentrates had values (2284.48–7513.05) × 10-8 m3/kg.  The XRF test is done on three concentrates, which are JS 08, AY 01, and PH 13. The XRF test results showed that all the concentrates contained Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb heavy metals. Based on the threshold value of heavy metals as soil contaminants, it was established that the content of Cu, Zn, and Pb at JS 08, AY 01, and PH13 concentrations exceeded the threshold. Ni material had reached the threshold only to focus on JS 08.
IDENTIFIKASI AIR TANAH DI PERUMAHAN GRAHA MUSTAMINDO PERMAI 3 MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK RESISTIVITAS KONFIGURASI SCHLUMBERGER
Authors: Sapitri Teta Emi , Malik Usman
Published: September 2022

Identification of groundwater at Graha Mustamindo Permai 3 Housing Complex, Rimba Panjang Village, District Tambang, Kampar Regency, Riau Province has been done. The method used in this study is the geoelectric method with Schlumberger configuration. Identification of the aquifer layer was carried out on 2 tracking lines with a length of 100 meters. Measurement data were processed using software Progress. The results of data processing of track 1 and 2 show a maximum depth of 35 meters. The results of aquifer interpretation on track 1 are at depth of (3.90–11,13) meters with a resistivity value of 246.51 Ω.m. Track 2 is at a depth of (7.43–14.66) meters with a resistivity value of 142.15 Ω.m. Soil water samples were tested for pH parameters. All water samples have acid levels with an average pH of 5. So that it can cause rust an inner surface of water pipe resulting smelly water therefore the water cannot be consumed by the people.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LOGAM TRANSISI NIKEL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS NANOROD ZnO
Authors: Sumarti Sumarti , Iwantono Iwantono , Awitdrus Awitdrus
Published: September 2022

Nickel-doped ZnO nanostructures have been successfully grown using seed mediated hydrothermal method. The growth of ZnO nanostructures has been done by concentration of the Ni-doped solution, is 8 mM with the growth temperature of  90°C in 7 hours. The grown ZnO nanostructures were characterized by using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FESEM, and XRD. The UV-Vis spectra of the samples showed that the ZnO nanorod is hexagonal in shape with a strong absorption occured in the wavelength range of 300-380 nm. The FESEM images showed that geometrical shape of Ni-doped ZnO nanostructures are nanorod with a hexagonal and nanoflower faced shapes. XRD patterns observed show five diffraction peaks at 2θ: 32,09°; 34,76°; 36,65°; 47,95° and 56,97° for Ni doped ZnO nanostructures with crystal orientation of (100), (002), (101), (102) and (110) respectively. The strongest line was found in the crystal plane of (101).
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PELACAK KENDARAAN MENGGUNAKAN GPS DAN GSM BERBASIS ARDUINO NANO
Authors: Fadhurrahman Muhammad , Yuniarti Elvan , Lestari Dewi
Published: September 2022

Vehicle theft rates in Bekasi City are still high. Only about 22.7% cases have been successfully solved. The main problem is hard to track vehicles because too many vehicles in the city of Bekasi. The aims of this research is to design and build a vehicle tracking system using GPS, GSM, Relay, and Arduino Nano. The test was performed by measuring the length of time it takes for GPS device to locks the signal satellite, receive and send a short message to vehicle’s owner. The result was succeeded in designing and building vehicle tracking system using GPS, GSM, and Arduino Nano with a relay as a support to make the vehicle stay in an off condition and can trigger an alarm sound so it can easily to find the location of the vehicle. GPS device has an average time delay of locking a signal for 196 seconds at daylight and 72 seconds at night with accuracy for amount 95.33%. Tracker device has an average time delay for sending message to user at 13.82 seconds for different mobile’s operator and 11.60 seconds for the same mobile’s operator with accuracy for amount 70.73%.
IDENTIFIKASI LITOLOGI BAWAH PERMUKAAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK KONFIGURASI DIPOLE-DIPOLE DI WISATA HAPANASAN DESA PAWAN KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Putra Dandy , Malik Usman
Published: September 2022

Salah satu sistem panas bumi yang terdapat di Riau adalah Desa Pawan, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Sistem panas bumi itu tersimpan dalam batuan yang terletak di bawah permukaan bumi, sehingga perlu diidentifikasi litologi bawah permukaannya. Tujuan riset ini adalah menganalisa litologi lapisan batuan yang ada di objek wisata Air Panas Pawan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu geolistrik Konfigurasi Dipole-Dipole. Hasil yang diperoleh pada lintasan II memiliki resistivitas berkisar antara (30,7 – 149) Ohm-meter yang diidentifikasi sebagai akumulasi air yang diapit lapisan lempung. Lapisan ini terletak pada kedalaman (0,7 – 8,71) meter. Lapisan kedua memiliki resistivitas berkisar antara (328 – 722) Ohm-meter yang berada pada kedalaman bervariasi, yaitu (0,6 – 10,8) meter yang diidentifikasi adanya pasir. Lapisan ketiga memiliki resistivitas berkisar antara (1.500 – 7.713) Ohm-meter yang berada pada kedalaman (0,7 – 15,7) meter yang diidentifikasi adanya batu pasir. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa metode geolistrik Dipole-Dipole telah berhasil diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi litologi bawah permukaan di daerah prospek panas bumi.
SURVEI SUMBER AIR PANAS DENGAN METODE GEOLISTRIK KONFIGURASI WENNER (STUDI KASUS: WISATA AIR PANAS PAWAN, PASIRPANGARAIAN)
Authors: Riputra Bayu Yolanda , Malik Usman
Published: September 2022

Salah satu sistem panas bumi yang terdapat di Riau adalah di Desa Pawan, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Sistem panas bumi ini tersimpan dalam batuan dibawah permukaan bumi, sehingga perlu melakukan survei sumber air panas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa nilai resistivitas bawah permukaan dan mengidentifikasi lapisan batuan dibawah permukaan yang ada di objek wisata air Panas Pawan. Metode yang digunakan adalah geolistrik konfigurasi Wenner. Hasil yang diperoleh pada lintasan I memiliki nilai resisitivitas berkisar antara 9,15 – 10 Ohm-meter diidentifikasi sebagai air panas. Air panas ini terletak pada kedalaman 0,75 – 2,25 meter. Lapisan kedua memiliki nilai resistivitas berkisar antara 10 – 98,2 Ohm-meter yang berada pada kedalaman 3,82 meter yang diidentifikasi adanya lempung. Lapisan ketiga memiliki nilai resisitivitas berkisar antara 100 – 1.054 Ohm-meter yang berada pada kedalaman bervariasi, yaitu 5,5 – 7,46 meter yang diidentifikasi adanya batu pasir. Kesimpulan dapat diambil adalah bahwa metode geolistrik Wenner telah berhasil diterapkan untuk mengidentifikasi lapisan batuan didaerah prospek panas bumi.
PENGEMBANGAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN HYBRID THERMOELECTRICS DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN PANAS MATAHARI DARI KOLEKTOR PARABOLA SILINDRIS
Authors: Defrianto Defrianto , Wiyadi Eri , Umar Lazuardi
Published: September 2022

Pembangkit energi listrik Thermoelectric Generator tipe 10W-4V-40s bekerja melalui perbedaan suhu dikedua sisinya. Sisi panas (Th) dari sebuah elemen TEG diletakan pada dudukan yang terbuat dari bahan Alumunium Dural dan diberi sumber panas yang berasal dari kolektor surya parabola, pada sisi dingin (Tc) elemen TEG dipasang heatsink guna mengurangi energi panas yang menembus sisi dingin serta menjaga suhunya agar tetap rendah, hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kolektor surya parabola dalam penelitian ini mampu menghasilkan suhu maksimum sebesar 64,2 °C. Tegangan Voc maksimum yang dihasilkan dari penelitian adalah sebesar 1,087 V selain itu tegangan beban Vo terhadap variasi hambatan beban RL pada suhu Th 40 °C dan suhu sisi dingin Tc 32 °C  adalah 459, 47 mV pada R­L 20 Ω., arus beban maksimum yang diperoleh adalah 125,97 mA pada RL 0,5 Ω dan cendrung turun seiring bertambahnya RL yaitu sebesar 23,63 mA pada RL 20 Ω. Nilai tegangan VL dan IL paling besar terletak pada saat receiver berada pada ketinggian 17,5 cm atau tepat berada pada titik fokus reflektor, yaitu sebesar 120,90 mV dan 31,87 mA dengan ∆T sebesar 25 °C.
ANALISA DISTRIBUSI AIR BAWAH TANAH DI KELURAHAN TANGKERANG LABUAI MENGGUNAKAN METODE COOPER-JACOBS DAN GEOLISTRIK KONFIGURASI SCHLUMBERGER
Authors: Simbolon Suryadi , Malik Usman
Published: September 2022

Groundwater, one part of water resources is the most needed by humans for life. The availability of ground water and the increasing population growth in Tangkerang Labuai Village reguire the use of clean water. This study aims to determine the rock layers that makes up the soil and soil aquifers and the quality of groundwater. For the soil layer, it user the Schlumberger configuration geoelectric method,for the aquifer test, uses the Jacobs step drawdown method to determine the decrease of groundwater level is time. For air quality uses radians where the pH, TDS, turbidity values describe the resistivity value. The results of the research based on data processing on a 90 m long track,ground water is found at a depth of 7-10 m with a resistivity value of 114 m, which is categorized as granite, sand, gravel, alluvium constituent layers with a resistivity value of < 1000 m or the aquifer is partially connected due to the presence of a porous rock layerhaving small pores. To test the aquifer in the well based on the relatively small decrease in groundwater, namely 0.2 and 0.1 cm with a discharge of 0.43 liter/second with a transmissivity value of 971.901 m2/day, categorized as free or connected aquifer. Groundwater could not be consumed from the results as as stated to the regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number 492 of 2010, because the pH obtained was < 6.5 or acidic nature and categorized as partially connected aquifers because the more acid of water is formal, the higher the resistivity value is obtained.
AKTIVASI ZEOLIT ALAM SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PEWARNA ALAMI KULIT BUAH NAGA (PITAYA)
Authors: Hidayah Eka Nurul , Munasir Munasir
Published: September 2022

Natural zeolite is one of the alternative adsorbents with good absorption capabilities, including in absorbing color. The adsorption ability of zeolite can be increased by the activation process because it can increase the Si/Al ratio and pore size. Dragon fruit peel is a natural material that can be used as a natural dye because it contains betacyanin pigments which are equivalent to synthetic dyes. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of activated green and brown zeolite and their adsorption ability on natural dyes of dragon fruit peel. Zeolite was activated chemically using 3M HCl solution and physically through a heating process of 500°C, then characterized using XRD and FTIR. The zeolite adsorption process was carried out with variations in contact time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and variations in the mass of the adsorbent 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 grams. The results of XRD analysis showed that the green and brown zeolite contained mordenite, nepheline and quartz minerals. The highest percentage of color degradation in the adsorption process was in brown zeolite at 27.70% at a contact time of 90 minutes and 88.2% at an adsorbent mass of 0.5 grams. Differences in brown zeolite before and after adsorption can be seen from the shift in the wavelength of each functional group due to the interaction with dragon fruit peel.
कक्षा दशको नेपाली पाठ्यपुस्तकमा समाविष्ट व्याकरणका अभ्यास
Authors: बुद्धराज खनिया
Published: September 2022

कक्षा दशको नेपाली पाठ्यपुस्तकमा भएका व्याकरणका अभ्यासहरूको अध्ययन गर्ने उद्देश्यले तयार गरिएको यो लेख गुणात्मक अनुसन्धानको पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनमा आधारित छ । कक्षा दशको नेपाली पाठ्यपुस्तकलाई अध्ययनको मूल सामग्री मानी सोही पुस्तकबाट तथ्यहरू सङ्कलन गरी वर्णन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । व्याकरणका प्रत्येकपाठ्यवस्तुलाई तालिकीकरण गरी वर्णनात्मक एवम् व्याख्यानात्मक तरिकाले विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सोहीअनुसार कक्षा दशको नेपाली पाठ्यपुस्तकमा धातु, शब्दवर्ग, लेख्यचिन्ह, काल–पक्ष, मूल–व्युत्पन्न शब्द, उपसर्ग–प्रत्यय, द्वित्व, समास, वर्णविन्यास, वाक्यका प्रकार, पदसङ्गति, वाक्य संश्लेषण–विश्लेषण, कारक–विभक्ति र वाच्यसम्बन्धी व्याकरणका अभ्यासहरूराखिएका छन् ।मूल र व्युत्पन्न, वर्णविन्यास, स्वर वर्ण र अक्षर संरचना, वाच्यसम्बन्धी व्याकरणका अभ्यासलाई सम्बन्धित पाठसँग जोडिएको छ भनेधातु, लेख्यचिन्ह, पदसङ्गति, भाव, वाक्य संश्लेषण र विश्लेषण, कारक र विभक्ति, लघुतावाची, समूहवाची र सिङ्गो शब्दका अभ्यासलाई सम्बन्धित पाठसँग जोडिएको छैन । व्याकरणका अधिकांश पाठ्यांशलाई मूल पाठसँग नजोड्नु शैक्षणिक दृष्टिले पाठ्यपुस्तकको कमजोरी मानिन्छ ।
समसामयिक नेपाली उपन्यासको शिक्षण प्रक्रिया
Authors: नेत्र एटम
Published: September 2022

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा नयनराज पाण्डेको ‘उलार’ (२०५५) उपन्यासलाई नमुना पाठका रूपमा लिई समसामयिक नेपाली उपन्यासको शिक्षणका प्रक्रियाको विश्लेषण गरेर त्यसको एउटा प्रतिमान तयार परिएको छ । स्नातक तहमा गरिने समसामयिक नेपाली उपन्यासको शिक्षण प्रक्रियामा अवलम्बन गर्न सकिने प्रभावकारी ढाँचा दिई त्यस क्रममा वास्तविक जीवनसँग तिनको अन्तरसम्बन्ध अनुकूलन गरेर शिक्षकले विद्यार्थीलाई गराउनुपर्ने क्रियाकलापको खोजी गर्दै तिनको मूल्याङ्कन प्रक्रियाको रूपरेखा प्रस्तुतयस लेखको उद्देश्य हो । यसमा उपन्यासको शिक्षणको विधागत, विषयवस्तुगत र शैलीगत मान्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा लिई सोद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट पद्धतिबाट ‘उलार’ उपन्यासको प्रतिनिधित्व गराएर पाठगत तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन तथा विमर्श गरिएको छ । त्यसका निम्ति उपन्यासको गहन पठन, शाश्वत सारवस्तुसँग उपन्यासको सम्बन्ध स्थापना, मार्गदर्शक प्रश्नहरूको विकास, उपन्यासको विनिर्माण र पूरक संसाधनहरूको छनोटका सन्दर्भलाई सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचाका रूपमा उपयोग गरी सम्पन्न गरिएको छ र त्यसको मूल्याङ्कन प्रक्रियाको रेखाङ्नसमेत गरिएको छ ।समसामयिक नेपाली उपन्यासको शिक्षण गर्दा शिक्षणसिकाइ क्रियाकलापमा आलोचनात्मक ज्ञानको महत्त्वका साथै विद्यार्थीलाई सांसारिक यथार्थ, भाषिक व्यवहार र उपन्यासको प्रस्तुतिका कल्पनात्मक आधारहरूलाई सैद्धान्तिक रूपले उपयोग गर्न सक्ने बनाउनु नै शिक्षण र मूल्याङ्कनको प्रयोजन हो भन्ने निष्कर्ष यसमा निकालिएको छ ।
Classroom Assessment Practice of Higher Education: A Case of Tribhuvan University
Authors: Luitel Sarala
Published: September 2022

Classroom assessment is for the improvement of a learner’s diverse ability, teachers teaching strategies as well as improvement of entire educating system of institutions. This qualitative phenomenological study focused on the critical analysis of the classroom assessment practices with reference to 21st century learners’ competencies and assessment techniques.The data were collected from 12 faculty members of Department of Mathematics Education, Central Department of Education, Tribhuvan University. Interview schedule and participant observation were the main tools for data collection. The data were analyzed inductively in reference to the theory of scaffolding based on ZPD (Vygotsky, 1978) based on different purposes of assessment; Assessment of, assessment for and assessment as learning. It was found that among the three purposes of assessment, assessment of learning was the dominant practice which ultimately marginalized the other two.  This finding points to the need of assessment as learning and assessment for learning rather than assessment of learning, which is also exclusively focused on 21st century learning competencies.
Effects of sexual harassment on learning experience among teenager girl students at Lalitpur District
Authors: Gyawali Kalpana , Maharjan Ram Krishna
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to analyze the effects of sexual harassment on the learning experience on the girl students in Nepal. Concurrent mixed-method  was used for study among 371 girl students who were studying at community and institutional schools of the Lalitpur district, Nepal . The sample size for the quantitative study has been calculated at a 95% confidence level with a 5 confidence interval. Five focus group discussions (FGD) and three in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted to collect qualitative data. IBM SPSS 20 was used for quantitative data analysis and a thematic approach was used for qualitative data analysis. Learning motivation, interaction with a teacher, self-learning, and class discussion activities among girl students were found significantly affected by sexual harassment and  sexual harassment was found as  one of the causal factors behind poor learning activitys and achievement on the girl students in Lalitpur, Nepal.
Survey on Rate of Return on Investment in Education
Authors: Poudel Min Raj
Published: September 2022

The rate of return to education is the sum of discounted benefits and costs. It shows the relatively profitable sector for a secure investment. The main objective of this study is to review and analyze the volume of the rate of return to education. The literature review, survey design was used, and the materials were collected using purposive sampling. The analysis concludes that the rate of return on education can be analyzed based on the additional year of schooling, sex, levels of education, occupations, geographical regions, countries, and sectors. Different studies conducted in different countries reveal that the size of the rate of return differs according to the categories mentioned above. It means that overall returns to education seem highly heterogeneous. Likewise, most studies show that the private rate of returns for females is higher than that of males; the tertiary level's returns are higher than the other levels, and the urban sector's returns are higher than that of the rural sector.
Rethinking Climate Diplomacy Gains: Strategic Benefits to Nepal
Authors: Pandey Chandra Lal , Dahal Ngamindra
Published: September 2022

Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world when it comes to climate change, which has become a major threat to development and in building disaster-resilient urban and rural communities. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sixth assessment report of 2021 termed the climate crisis as  “Code Red”, signifying that climate change is already causing substantial physical, environmental, social, and economic losses, and damages in both developing and developed countries. The impacts of climate change are disproportionate for countries like Nepal, which must bear the brunt of the impacts even though their contribution to making global warming is minimal. However, the politics of developed and the developing countries and changing economic realities of many influential nations complicate multilateral, bilateral, trilateral and regional climate negotiations. Most recent scientific reports suggest that if countries do not take decisive action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions now, the world is going beyond the 2°C rise limit soon and will affect, inter alia, the mountain ecosystem, freshwater system, agriculture, livelihood, and development practices. The impacts of climate change are increasing rapidly in various sectors of Nepali human and natural ecosystems. Therefore, addressing the impacts of it is paramount, and requires mitigation and adaptation measures, which includes efficacious climate diplomacy. Qualitative assessments indicate that Nepal needs to adopt a   new approach to climate diplomacy to ethically encourage big economies and the rest of the world to go beyond conventional binary options of relations between the developed and developing countries. Adaptation and mitigation are the best available approaches to addressing climate change vulnerabilities and building resilient communities. Therefore, an interdisciplinary negotiation team would be needed in the diplomatic efforts to articulate priorities and evidence-based impacts and for tapping the international resources – state-of-art-knowledge, finances, and technologies – to assist the country to fight against climate threats.
Understanding the Primacy of Geography in the Conduct of Foreign Policy
Authors: Bhattarai Dinesh
Published: September 2022

Geopolitics has returned to reassert and manifest itself in various ways. The management of the geopolitics has emerged as the central challenge of the day. The rise of China and emergence of India as great economic powers containing 40 percent of the world’s population, and a huge market is one of the most important geopolitical developments of contemporary human history. This has caused monumental shift with a few parallels in the world history. While exposing the vulnerabilities of the world, Covid19 and climate change have accelerated these trends.
The advent of globalization intensified the process of massive social awakening, radicalizing the politics. Market forces would determine the free flow of goods, services, capital, and technology. The latest developments indicate geopolitical considerations driving trade policy and economic integration to reflect geographic, cultural, and strategic direction. The hard lessons from emerging geopolitics include the ongoing rivalry between the US and China, newly assertive Russia and its invasion of Ukraine, Sino- Indian border clashes pushing for deeper US-India partnership. The elevation of the Indo-Pacific as the center piece of US regional strategy has raised the contours of competition and rivalry in the region. Nepal’s geographical location between India and China has gained greater prominence and higher sensitivity in the changed context with the geopolitical challenges and economic dynamism of its neighbours at its doorsteps, Nepal’s friendship with both of these neighbors’ and United States remains of paramount importance in the conduct of its foreign policy. A stable, democratic, and prosperous Nepal stands as the anchor of regional stability and security. Upon the same realization, this qualitative study is an attempt to explain how the primacy of geopolitics has come back and how it is being played.
The Frequency of Mobile Banking Use During COVID-19
Authors: Pokhrel Laxman
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the frequency of mobile banking use during COVID-19. Data were collected from 226 respondents. Data have been analyzed by applying the two-stage structural modeling technique through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This study has found a significant positive impact of attitude towards mobile banking, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control on behavior intention mobile banking adoption. However, the risk perception of COVID-19 has no effect on the intention of mobile banking adoption. Based on the findings of this research, some theoretical and practical implications have been provided.
The Impact of Blockchain on Supply Chains: A systematic Review
Authors: Sultana Jakia , Teoh Say Yen , Karanasios Stan
Published: September 2022

Supply chains face many challenges around coordination, information asymmetry, quality assurance, complex disruptions, and traceability. Blockchain is arguably a technology that can address these challenges and make a significant impact. To shed light on the impact of blockchain, we undertake a cross-discipline systematic literature review on blockchain and supply chains. This review focused on identifying blockchain’s current and proposed impacts on the supply chain at three levels: organisational, inter-organisational, and industry. The findings identified twelve core supply chain themes across pre-implementation, post-implementation, and emerging tensions associated with adopting blockchain. These findings extend knowledge by going beyond understanding blockchain and its application and articulating multi-levels of impacts. Based on our review, we propose future research directions. By providing an overview of the current impact of blockchain, the review also offers insights to help managers to make informed decisions around the implementation and use of blockchain in supply chains.
National Economy Recovery by Crowdfunding Policy as Alternative in MSME Financing
Authors: Haiti Rudolf , Sudirman Lu
Published: September 2022

The covid-19 pandemic has been affecting MSME actors significantly. One of the problems faced by MSME actors due to this pandemic, is difficulty in collecting business capital. Therefore, the Indonesian Government presents crowdfunding as a solution. The crowdfunding itself intends to strengthen MSME financially and encounter investors and MSME actors in one platform. Crowdfunding collects funds from the community and is managed by a crowdfunding provider institution. In this case, information technology-based crowdfunding is one of the MSME capital solutions during the COVID19 pandemic. This information technology-based crowdfunding provides alternative capital for MSMEs other than conventional banks and financing institutions, sourced from public funds (crowd funds). This study aims to provide an overview of how crowdfunding can be alternative funding in Indonesia and overcome MSME capital difficulties based on capital market laws and OJK regulations (The Indonesian Financial Services Authority). This legal research uses doctrinal research methods to analyze whether this crowdfunding policy can be an opportunity for economic recovery in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that crowdfunding can be a funding solution in Indonesia and an alternative in economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic based on regulations issued by OJK in POJK (the Indonesian Financial Services Authority Regulation) Number 57 of 2020.
Online Gambling Phenomenon: Law & Society
Authors: Kuasa Delfi Aurelia , Jaya Febri
Published: September 2022

The gambling phenomenon has been happening for a long time. Development of science and technology causes new ways to commit crimes. One of the crimes that occur is online gambling. This can happen due to facilities and media that make it easier for people to access sites and applications that have elements of gambling. To eradicate this action, a provision that strictly prohibits the act with consequences for the violators is needed. The online gambling act not only violates Indonesia's laws, but it also violates the values and norms embraced by the community. Although it has been prohibited by Indonesian law, online gambling cases are still widely found in the community. To find out why, the sociology of law is needed to find out the relationship between law and society. Viewed from the sociology of law’s point of view, especially the effectiveness of the law according to Soerjono Soekanto, the law on conventional and online gambling are still not fully effective. This is because there are still inconsistencies between applicable laws and social values, lack of legal certainty, lack of supporting facilities for law enforcement, lack of awareness and knowledge of the law, and lack of community participation in law enforcement actions. The research method is non-doctrinal or empirical legal research method which is carried out with statute approach and sociological approach. This research aims to determine the sociology of law’s perspective on online gambling that occurs in society.
Perkembangan Delik Penodaan Agama Di Indonesia: Perspektif Historis Konstitusional
Authors: Silfiah Rossa Ilma , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: September 2022

The blasphemy offense in Indonesia is a strategic offense to be discussed in detail, historically and constitutionally. In this case religion is protected by the state, and religion is a guideline in society, nation and state, so that the existence of religion becomes the spirit of the formation of this country. Religious life cannot be separated from the discussion of religious freedom which is part of human rights. Freedom of religion in Indonesia is based on the First Precept of Belief in the One Supreme God, where freedom is freedom based on the values of religion that live in Indonesia. One's religious freedom will be face to face with the religious rights of others, so it requires rules to maintain common order. These religions include Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism which have been mentioned in the explanation of the Presidential Decree Law No. 1/1965 on the abuse/blasphemy of religion, and submits Article 156a to be part of Article 156 of The Criminal Code. The research uses normative legal research methods with historical and case approaches. The essence of the blasphemy regulation is to regulate harmonious religious life. This article will discuss the state's protection of religion and religious life from a historical-constitutional perspective as well as cases of blasphemy against religion that have occurred. By knowing some of the cases that occurred, both blasphemy against religion in the form of hate speech and the destruction of houses of worship, it will be easy to analyze the causal factors and solutions that must be carried out by both the government and the community
Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Vlog untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris Calon Kadet Polimarin
Authors: Sari Dhesi Wulan
Published: September 2022

The cadet candidates in multicultural ship are expected to increase their English skills especially speaking skill before working in real life. But, fortunately, in this pandemic era (Covid-19), English learning process which was limited through online and unvaried teaching learning method had detained their speaking skill. Moreover, vlogging as a teaching learning method would become a solution to improve their speaking skill during this pandemic. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative method which the data were got by delivering interview, observation, and video analysis. The subjects of this study were 28 cadet candidates of Marine Engineering Program from A and B class. The result showed that the vlogging method could improve their speaking skills.
Numerical and Microstructural Investigations of the Bonding Mechanisms in Cold Spraying
Authors: Gärtner F. , Borchers C. , Stoltenhoff T. , Kreye H. , Assadi H.
Published: September 2022

In cold spraying, for successful bonding powder particles have to exceed a critical velocity upon impact, which is dependent on properties of the particular material. So far a detailed physical explanation of the underlying mechanisms of bonding is still lacking. In the present study, computational materials science and high resolution microscopical methods are used to investigate the microstructural development at the particle-substrate interface. The modelling can show that the critical velocity is related to a transition in the flow-behaviour on the particle or substrate surfaces. The presence of microstructural features predicted by modelling in detail could be confirmed by SEM and TEM analyses of internal interfaces of cold sprayed coatings. By describing the mechanisms of bonding, the calculations could also demonstrate the influence of material properties or microstructural defects on the conditions for successful impacts. With respect to particular powder properties, the results should promote the development of optimum process parameters in cold spraying.
Potential Applications of Cold-Spray Technology in Automotive Manufacturing
Authors: McCune R.C.
Published: September 2022

While the technology of "cold gas" or "kinetic" spraying of materials has been under development for over a decade, no large-scale, commercial applications have yet established themselves in the broader thermal-spray marketplace. Similarly, automotive manufacturing has often been viewed as an important field of application for thermal spray technologies, yet this too has proven to be limited to a handful of key applications. Cold-spray technology offers some attractive features which could perhaps result in broader use for automotive applications by both OEM's and component manufacturers. This presentation firstly reviews some of the history and attributes of the cold spray process and secondly describes several potential application areas and preliminary results supporting these opportunities. Potential applications include metallizations, electric machines, advanced tooling repair, body construction and selective galvanizing.
Cold Spray Copper Application for Upper Stage Rocket Engine Design
Authors: Haynes J. , Karthikeyan J.
Published: September 2022

Pratt & Whitney's upper stage rocket engine development program, designated "RL60", has incorporated cold-sprayed copper to improve the design and function of this new engine. Combustion chamber designs contain two stainless steel manifolds connected by a series of copper tubes. The manifold where the hydrogen fuel exits is located near the injector face. The combustion gases from the injector would cause over-heating of this manifold. Thick copper application was needed to actively cool this manifold by conducting the cold temperatures from the hydrogen fuel inside the copper tubes. Plating copper greater than 0.050-inch thick resulted in poor adhesion following a subsequent braze cycle and required 2 weeks to plate. Cold sprayed copper was attempted which has surpassed plated copper in its ability to adhere through this braze cycle and can be applied in a few hours. In addition, the hazardous chemicals associated with copper plating have now been eliminated.
316L – an Alternative to NiCr Bondcoats for Cr2O3-Coatings on Anilox Rolls
Authors: Winkler R. , Bültmann F. , Hartmann S. , Burkard H.
Published: September 2022

Anilox rolls are ink-metering rolls used in the printing industry to transfer an exact amount of ink to the printing cylinder. The importance of high quality anilox rolls has increased with the demand for higher quality printing. Improvements of the characteristics of anilox rolls have been achieved mainly by using laser-engraved, ceramic-coated rolls rather than the common chrome-plated and mechanically engraved rolls. The best results concerning the ceramic coating of anilox rolls were achieved by Cr2O3 coatings. These coatings require a bond coat for good corrosion resistance. By far the most-used technology to produce this bond coat is high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying using NiCr material. In order to lower the cost of the anilox roll coating it has been investigated if NiCr can be replaced by the chromium steel 316L as bondcoat material. 316L was applied to the surface by HVOF. The characteristics of 316L / Cr2O3 layers were compared with respect to the required quality of the coating. The results were 316L / Cr2O3 coatings with good mechanical characteristics compared to NiCr / Cr2O3 layers. In particular, the metallographic sections showed compact coatings having a tensile adhesive strength slightly higher than and a corrosion resistance similar to the coatings with a NiCr bond coat.
Process Temperature-Hardness-Wear Relationships for HVOF-Sprayed Nanostructured and Conventional Cermet Coatings
Authors: Marple B.R. , Lima R.S.
Published: September 2022

High velocity oxy-fuel spraying of WC-12Co was performed using a feedstock in which the WC phase was either principally in the micron size range (conventional) or was engineered to contain a significant fraction of nanosized grains (multimodal). Three different HVOF systems and a wide range of spray parameter settings were employed to study the effect on both the in-flight particle characteristics and coating properties. A process window with respect to particle temperature was identified for producing coatings with the highest resistance to dry abrasion. Although the presence of a nanosized WC phase produced harder coatings, there was little difference in the abrasion resistance of the best-performing conventional and multimodal coatings. However, there is a potential benefit in using the multimodal feedstock because of the possibility of higher deposition efficiencies and a more robust thermal spray process.
The Use of Tungsten Carbide Materials for Oil Sand Wear Applications
Authors: Anderson M. , Chiovelli S. , Llewellyn R.
Published: September 2022

The unique wear protection properties of tungsten carbide metal matrix composite materials are resulting in their increasing use in the oilsand industry to combat severe low stress sliding abrasion and various types of slurry abrasion and erosion. Their successful application, mainly in bulk welding and spray coating forms, has extended component service lives, improved reliability and reduced maintenance costs. Increased use of tungsten carbide metal matrix composite hardfacing deposits in oil sands applications is the direct result of understanding carbide thermal degradation and the processes used to deposit these materials. Plasma transferred arc welding (PTAW) has proven to be an effective process for applying these materials. Current and future work on PTAW and other candidate processes to establish the optimum carbide hardfacing method will be reviewed.
“RECAST” The Repair of Airfoils When Welding is Unacceptable
Authors: Burke J.
Published: September 2022

The age-old problem of fixing a flaw in an airfoil of a vane or bucket that is otherwise serviceable, has been resolved by the careful blending of two known technologies, HVOF (High Velocity Oxy Fuel) and HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing). This recently patented process facilitates the successful replacement of parent material as to allow a component which would otherwise be taken out of service to be reused in a “like new” condition. HVOF spraying of an airfoil employs the same material as the parent part. This process by itself will not provide sufficient adhesion to cause a complete marriage of materials. HIP’ing completes the union. Resulting “RECAST” repaired components display the same mechanical and physical properties as the parent material.
New Abradable Seals for Industrial Gas Turbines
Authors: Hajmrle K. , Fiala P. , Chilkowich A.P. , Shiembob L.
Published: September 2022

Abradable seals are used in compressors of aircraft and industrial gas turbines to decrease clearance between the stator casing and rotor blade tips and hence to increase compressor efficiency and decrease fuel consumption. The main interest of abradable materials producers has been concentrated on abradable seals for aircraft engines, and special requirements of industrial gas turbine manufacturers have not been met so far. The most significant requirement in industrial gas turbines is durability. This is driven by the need for several times longer periods between overhauls in industrial gas turbines compared to aircraft engines. Westaim Ambeon has developed a new composite powder, Durabrade2413, that meets these requirements. The new abradable seals fabricated by using this powder have been extensively tested over a prolonged period of time. This paper will present the results of an intensive development, evaluation and abradability testing of seal properties. This paper will also show that Durabrade2413 series coating properties can be altered in a broad range by changing spray parameters to tailor the coating to a particular application. The abradable seals are suitable to rub against steel and Ni alloy blades. The abradability results of Durabrade2413 are compared to Durabrade2222 (the Metco 307-NS equivalent), the well known 75Ni25 Graphite abradable that has been on the market for the last 30 years.
Epoxies Used in Tensile Testing: Film vs. Liquid-Why is There a Difference?
Authors: Sauer John P. , Ruoff Steve
Published: September 2022

Tensile testing of thermal spray coatings is currently covered by a variety of internal company specifications and generally by ASTM C-633. It is a highly recognized fact that liquid epoxies, on average, produce higher results in side by side comparisons with their film counterparts. However, the liquid epoxies show a higher standard deviation in those same comparisons. This raises questions about the interaction of liquid epoxies with porous thermal spray coatings. Tensile data from side by side comparisons was analyzed and optical microscopy work performed to determine how the epoxies affected the coatings and if the epoxy infiltration actually occurs. In the case of porous plasma coatings, it is shown that liquid epoxies penetrate into the coatings and, thereby, increase the apparent tensile strength.