bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluating the Legal and Institutional Complications Affecting the Protection of Women's Rights in Cameroon: The Need to Remedying the Odds
Authors: Nguindip Nana Charles
Published: March 2024

Several complex legal and institutional issues beset preserving women’s rights in Cameroon. Women’s rights refer to a wide range of ideals and entitlements intended to guarantee gender equality and encourage women’s full involvement and empowerment in all spheres of society. These rights include freedom from violence, equality, education, health, and body autonomy, among other things. However, even with the modern conception and advancement of today's society, women continue to be treated inhumanely, uncaringly, and pitilessly, thereby affecting their status and rights acquired in today´s society, with the numerous legal instruments wavering from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Maputo Protocol, the African Charter on the Welfare of the Child, and hosts of other condemning the illegal practices experienced by women on the international scene. The increase in violations continues to be rampant. With all the praiseworthy struggles instigated and affected by these instruments, the degree of violation of women's rights is increasing and increasing in Cameroon. Women continue to experience violations of their rights, especially those related to Female Genital Mutilation, Sexual Abuse, Rape, widow practices, and many other harmful practices. The query one would be posing here is in searching why Cameroon is considered a State of Law, devouring great efforts in certifying that women anguishing from the effect of violence should be protected, continue to experience an increase in cases of women's rights violations. In this vane, it will be sufficient for us to assess the various legal and institutional dispositions put in place by the State of Cameroon in handling cases of violence done against women. It is surprising that with all the laws initiated by the State of Cameroon from the Constitution, the Penal Code, the Labour Code, the Civil Status Registration Ordinance, and the Civil Code enacted to deal with cases of violence done on Women, there exists no concrete and concise law handling matters of violence against women. The situation of child marriage, Female Genital Mutilation, Breast Ironing, Widow Practices, and Property Discrimination continue to be a nightmare and a pandemic to eradicate in the country, irrespective of the efforts introduced by competent authorities. There is a need to redress the situation for a better protective climate for women and their societal statuses.
LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT IN THE ISLAMIC CENTRE AREA, BEKASI
Authors: Fadhilah Cahya Rahmani  , Qurrotu ‘Aini Besila  , Fauzi Reza
Published: March 2024

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Maximizers hyping in Chinese MA learners’ and experts’ academic discourse: An EUM-based study
Authors: Dugalich Natalia Mikhailovna , Han Hao
Published: March 2024

The research is to examine the utilization of maximizers as a strategic tool to attain academic rhetorical hype within the realm of Chinese MA theses (CLMA_C) and international journal articles (ILJA_C). Maximizers, which convey heightened intensity and personal commitment, play a crucial role in shaping rhetorical strategies in academic discourse. The study employs the EUM model (Sinclair’s theory of extended units of meaning). By adopting this model, the research makes a significant contribution to elucidating the intricate linguistic choices within scholarly communication. The goal is to analyze the collocation features of the maximizers in CLMA_C and ILJA_C. The goal determines the choice of the subject of research – identifying similarities and differences in the use of maximizers in two databases (international journal articles (ILJA_C) and Chinese MA theses (CLMA_C). The novelty of the research is that the study employs the EUM model to analyze maximizers in CLMA_C and ILJA_C, allowing for a comprehensive examination of both collocational form and contextual meaning. The analysis includes an exploration of lexical patterns, colligation, semantic preference, and semantic prosody, offering a multifaceted understanding of how maximizers contribute to rhetorical strategies. This research uniquely explores maximizers in collocational form and meaning using the EUM model, offering nuanced insights into their role in rhetorical hype and revealing cross-cultural variations through the similarities and significant differences in CLMA_C and ILJA_C. The study contributes significantly to second language acquisition and comparative linguistics, advancing knowledge on maximizers in academic communication. Findings show lexical pattern similarities but significant differences in colligation, semantic preference, and semantic prosody. In CLMA_C, “fully” lacks diverse collocates, with varied colligation patterns influenced by L1 transfer. Regarding semantic prosody, experts adopt a commendatory tone, while Chinese MA learners express an affirmative tone.
Orbital Facility Location Problem for Satellite Constellation Servicing Depots
Authors: Shimane Yuri , Gollins Nicholas , Ho Koki
Published: March 2024

This work proposes an adaptation of the facility location problem for the optimal placement of on-orbit servicing depots for satellite constellations in high-altitude orbit. The high-altitude regime, such as medium Earth orbit, is a unique dynamic environment where low-thrust propulsion systems can provide the necessary thrust to conduct plane-change maneuvers between the various orbital planes of the constellation. As such, on-orbit servicing architectures involving servicer spacecraft that conduct roundtrips between servicing depots and the client satellites of the constellation may be conceived. To this end, a new orbital facility location problem formulation is proposed based on binary linear programming, in which the costs of operating and allocating the facility(ies) to satellites are optimized in terms of the sum of the effective mass to low Earth orbit (EMLEO). The low-thrust transfers between the facilities and the clients are computed using a parallel implementation of a Lyapunov feedback controller. The total launch cost of the depot, along with its servicers, propellant, and payload, is taken into account as the cost to establish a given depot. The proposed approach is applied to designing an on-orbit servicing depot architecture for the Galileo and the GPS constellations.
"Common but Differentiated Responsibilities” in the Paris Agreement
Authors: Schneider Henrique
Published: March 2024

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, epitomizes a political approach to climate action, devoid of scientific oversight at its inception. This political nature underscores its essence, emphasizing action over guaranteed results. With a foundation in "common but differentiated responsibilities" (CBDR), nations set diverse climate goals based on unique circumstances. However, this diversity complicates policy alignment and raises challenging questions, such as the feasibility of carbon border adjustments and intellectual property dilution. Analyzing CBDR within the Paris Agreement framework unveils its evolution, shaped by political negotiations and national actions. This study delves into the intricate interplay between politics, policy, and international soft law, illuminating the agreement's dynamic nature.
History of the Study of Images on Stones from the Tagar Culture Mounds
Authors: Shishkinа O. O.
Published: March 2024

The author identified the stages of studying the images on the plates form the Tagar burial mounds in the Minusinsk basin. 1. 18th – mid 19th century: accumulation of the first knowledge about petroglyphs during academic expeditions (D. G. Messerschmidt, G. F. Miller, etc.). 2. 1860s–1950s: study of the Tagar mounds and documentation of images on their constructions (D. A. Klements, I. R. Aspelin, A. V. Adrianov, S. V. Kiselev, etc.). 3. 1960s–1980s: episodic mentions during rescue archaeological excavations (M. P. Gryaznov, M. N. Pshenitsyna, N. A. Bokovenko) and purposeful research (T. V. Nikolayeva, D. G. Savinov). 4. 1990s–2020s: complex analysis of petroglyphs on the stones from the Tagar mounds (E. A. Miklashevich, A. N. Mukhareva, O. S. Sovetova, etc.). Currently, a set of approaches to identifying and documenting petroglyphs on the stones from the Tagar mounds has been developed.
Paleolithic Nguom Culture of Northern Vietnam
Authors: Kandyba A. V. , Nguyen Khac Su , Chekha A. M. , Nguyen Gia Doi
Published: March 2024

Purpose. In North Vietnam, the Nguomian culture has been distinguished, which is characterized by the predominance of flake tools in the techno-typological complex. This industry dates back to the second half of the Upper Pleistocene, preceding the previously identified Sonvian and Hoabinhian. The purpose of this study is to determine the technical and typological characteristics of one of the key monuments of the Nguom industry – the Nguom Rockshelter. For this purpose, a technical and typological analysis of the collection of stone products obtained as a result of excavations in 1981–1982 was carried out.

Results. In 2023, 4 589 artifacts of the Nguom Rockshelter were processed, of which 2 437 items were medium and small flakes and 1 284 fragments. The primary splitting of archaeological material is dominated by parallel cores (35 specimens), there are variants of unsystematic (12 specimens) and radial (8 specimens) cores, many core-like fragments (121 specimens). The tool set is represented by a large number of side-scrapers made of flakes and pebbles (22 specimens), retouched flakes with ventral undercut (43 specimens), choppers (25 specimens), adze-shaped objects (6 specimens), and fragmented axes (9 specimens), notched tools (5 copies). There are 25 punctures, 9 checks. Notched tools were mentioned earlier, but a group of artifacts (9 specimens) made of medium flakes should be separately distinguished. The number of single side scrapers is 10 pieces. Of interest is the category of rectangular scrapers with retouching on ¾ of the perimeter, numbering six objects. A series of oval scrapers (10 specimens) is close in shape. End and double scrapers have 52 items. The stone industry of the Nguom Rockshelter can be defined as a flake industry with medium and small tools.

Conclusion. In the Late Paleolithic in southern China and Vietnam, both pebble and flake industries coexisted. As in Vietnam, flake complexes are sporadic in South China. These sites are characterized by a large number of tools made of small and medium flakes, simple parallel splitting without preliminary preparation, and the predominance of scrapers in the tool set. The manifestation of the Nguom culture can presumably be considered as a result of the mixing of the alien population in the territory of Southern China and Northern Vietnam with the local original culture in the late Pleistocene.
Pre-Turkic Burial in the Northern Altai: Cultural and Chronological Interpretation
Authors: Seregin N. N. , Tishkin A. A. , Matrenin S. S. , Parshikova T. S.
Published: March 2024

Purpose. One of the problems in the archeology of Altai of the Great Migration period remains the chronology of funerary sites. The article concerns the materials of one of representative burials of the Choburak-I necropolis in the Northern Altai, demonstrating the wide possibilities of research in this direction.

Methods and Results. A man of 25–30 years old was buried in the grave of barrow № 38. The key features of the object are a small mound with a crepe, the western orientation of the deceased person, as well as the burial of a horse «at the feet» of the man. The accompanying inventory included numerous weapons, tools, equipment for a man and a horse. The analysis of the finds testifies to the period of the construction of mound № 38 not earlier than the middle of the 4th century AD. The results of radiocarbon dating were obtained, which supplement this information and indicate the upper chronological boundary no later than the beginning of the 5th century AD.

Conclusion. The correlation of the available data makes it possible to determine the chronology of mound no. 38 with-in the middle – second half of the 4th century AD. The recorded characteristics of the funeral rite indicate that this object belongs to the Dialyan tradition of ritual practice of the Bulan-Koby culture. The set of items found with the de-ceased man testifies to his high status in the nomadic society during his lifetime.
10.25205/2713-3133-2024-1-31-45
Authors:   Moscow University named after A. S. Griboyedov, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kikhney Lyubov G.
Published: March 2024

The article examines the causes and mechanism of the manifestation of plot elements in lyrical poems by I. Bunin and early A. Akhmatova. It is proved that the plotogenic trends in lyrics reflect a new (essentially phenomenological) method of artistic thinking and lead to the formation of a new genre – the lyrical novel. The external details of existence and quasinarrative elements perform the functions of embodying an internal conflict in its dynamic development. The article also reveals the connection between the existential attitudes of the authors and the semantic structure of the novel.
Folklore Version of the “Biblical” Story about Solomon in Hell and Her Russian Siberian Texts
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Kuznetsova Vera S.
Published: March 2024

The main theme of folk stories about the biblical King Solomon is his wisdom, which allows him to solve difficult problems and find a way out of difficult situations. Such stories include stories about Solomon in hell: left in hell during the descent of Christ into hell, for the liberation of the souls of the Old Testament righteous languishing there, Solomon, thanks to his wisdom, finds a way to get out of there – he threatens the devils to build a church, for which he is expelled from hell and so freed; they are the subject of consideration in the article. Neither the Holy Scriptures nor the apocryphal narratives known in ancient Russian literature about the descent of Christ into hell contain an episode about Solomon being left in hell, therefore they could not be the only source of folk legends. But similar stories are noted in the indexes of plots of folklore prose: AaТh 804В The Church in Hill; SUS 804В=AA 804* Solomon (soldier, blacksmith) in hell. For analysis, along with records of the European territory of historical Russia, Russian Siberian texts containing the indicated plot were involved in the work. The identified Siberian variants of the stories about Solomon in Hell expand our knowledge about the plot “repertoire” of Russian folklore prose in Siberia, and against the background of the fact that the Siberian fixations of this plot are not taken into account in the SUS, they clarify ideas about the geography of the existence of plot type 804B. Along with this, they replenish the general East Slavic fund of records of narrative folklore with new materials, which expands the source base for research. The results of the examination of folklore narratives about Solomon in hell, including their Siberian records, allow us to assert that not only the wisdom of King Solomon, but also the book motif of the biblical Solomon the temple builder, which was considered not represented in oral legend, was reflected in folk narratives based on folklore plot fund.
“The Queen of Spades”: Zones of Silence and the Ghost of a Historical Novel
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Khudoshina Eleonora I.
Published: March 2024

“The Queen of Spades” by Pushkin is considered in the article as two stories in one: the first is an exemplary, in the spirit of Hoffmann, fantastic story, very convincing from the point of view of the “poetics of expressiveness” and completely independent; the second is “analytical”, which contains the possibility of explaining a fantastic plot and, consequently, its “cancellation”. This “cancellation” itself has already been made by the author in another article, and this one is devoted to its consequences: filling in various kinds of omissions and omissions, the main one of which is the Paris episode. After the cancellation of the fantastic plot, it comes to the fore and poses many new mysteries to the reader. This story is structured as an analytical riddle with pre-given, incompatible answers to the question of what the secret of the three cards is (a chance, a fairy tale, powder cards, a joke). Since this secret is revealed three times in The Queen of Spades, it is possible to prove that all these answers are correct in relation to certain episodes of this story. The “cancellation” of the fantastic plot transforms both the events and the characters of this story. The heroine of the Paris episode turns out to be not a frivolous beauty who came to Paris to waste her life and her husband’s millions, but Catherine’s maid of honor and confidant. It was in this role that she was briefly acquainted with the Count of Saint-Germain, who helped her out with money by inventing the secret of three cards for her husband. The story of Chaplitsky, who lost a huge sum, “I remember, to Zorich,” that is, to Catherine’s favorite, also appears in a different light. Consideration of the historical context to which the formula “sixty years ago” refers allows us to see the Paris episode of “The Queen of Spades” as one of the fragments of a possible historical novel, a kind of double of “The Captain’s Daughter,” written by Pushkin three years later. The action of this unwritten novel could take place against the backdrop of the RussianTurkish war, Polish events, intrigues of European governments, the Pugachev rebellion – the whole complex of political circumstances in the life of Europe and Russia “sixty years ago.”
Current state and long-term changes in the taxocene of marine polychaetes of the Karadag Nature Reserve (Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation)
Authors:   А. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas RAS, Sevastopol, 299011, Russian Federation, Kopiy V.G.
Published: March 2024

Taxonomic and trophic structure and quantitative development of polychaetes are examined in the marine coastal areas of the Karadag Nature Reserve in 2021–2022. 40 species belonging to 30 genera and 15 families are discovered. From 1938 to 2022, 75 species have been recorded in this area. According to the nutritional spectrum, polyphages are the most represented, phytophages are the least represented. The average number of polychaetes in 2021–2022 is 100 ± 53 ind./m2, the average biomass is 3.55 ± 0.023 g/m2; S. papillocercusthe prevails in the total abundance and biomass, 98 and 99%, respectively. The change in the species composition, abundance and biomass of marine polychaetes of the Karadag Nature Reserve, inhabiting hard bottom substrates (1984–2022) and soft soils (1938–2021), is considered. From 1984 to 2021, 29 species of polychaetes have been recorded on soft substrates, and only two species in 2021–2022: Namanereis littoralis and Saccocirrus papillocercus. In underwater rock assemblages, on the contrary, the largest number of species (38) has been found in 2021–2022, and the smallest (14) in 1938–1940 (a total of 65 species found during 1938–2022). A transformation of the species composition and trophic structure of polychaetes occurred in the coastal biotopes of soft and hard bottom substrates in the marine area of the Karadag Nature Reserve from 1938 to 2022, with a decrease in the number of phytophages, as well as a decrease in quantitative characteristics. Presumably, the de crease in the number and diversity of polychaete worms on soft substrates is associated with a decrease in the macrophyte algae biomass. The results obtained, supplemented by data on the structure of phytocenoses and characteristic of bottom substrates, can be used in environmental monitoring of protected water areas of the Black Sea.
Structural Shift in Türkiye-East Asia Economic Relations: The Demise of Japan and the Rise of China and South Korea
Authors: Akkemik Ali
Published: March 2024

Türkiye’s economic relations with East Asia have gone through a significant structural shift over the last two decades. Previously, Japan dominated Türkiye’s trade with East Asia and foreign direct investment inflows from East Asia to Türkiye. However, recently both South Korea and China have surpassed Japan as major trading partners of Türkiye in East Asia and caught up with Japan in foreign investments in Türkiye. The dependence of the Turkish economy on intermediate inputs from China, in particular, rose remarkably. The shift from Japan toward South Korea, and more significantly, to China in Türkiye’s economic relations with East Asia reflects the changing division of labor in the East Asian region and the rise of China as a manufacturing superpower. In this analysis, we discuss the extent of this shift in Türkiye’s relations in light of the ongoing talks of a proposed free trade agreement between Türkiye and Japan, the changing global trade environment due to the decoupling from China, and the increasing fragmentation of the world economy.
Military Power and International Security
Authors: Ateşoğlu Sönmez
Published: March 2024

In an article published by the author in Insight Turkey, the impact of economic power on international security was discussed with a detailed explanation of the connection between economic and military power. However, there was inadequate discussion of the links between military power and international security. This article aims to explain the impact of military power on international security and how a state can achieve its security objectives by employing military power. In addition to conceptual and theoretical ideas, the analysis contains a discussion of actual examples of the use of military power, especially by Türkiye in recent years, in achieving its international security objectives.
Japan: The Super Nation Brand
Authors: Snow Nancy
Published: March 2024

This study explores Japan’s national brand evolution, analyzing the shift from its historical isolation to its current global recognition, particularly under the influence of Shinzo Abe’s policies. It examines the impact of the 2011 disasters on Japan's international image and the strategic measures taken to address internal challenges such as gender inequality and educational reform. Through a critical lens, this study delves into the juxtaposition of Japan's soft power success against its domestic issues. Furthermore, it contributes to the understanding of nation branding in the context of global dynamics and internal policy shifts, offering a comprehensive view of Japan's strategy in maintaining its cultural identity while navigating global perceptions.
English Inflectional Morpheme: Drill to Word Formation
Authors: Bunau Eusabinus
Published: March 2024

It was found out that the students have difficulties in differentiating English inflectional morpheme, that is suffix /-es/ and /-s/, to indicate tense for verbs, and plurality for nouns. Other inflectional suffix to mention is /-ing/, /-ed/, /-d/, /-er/, and /-est/. The objective of this study is to improve students comprehension on inflectional affixation as one of word formation processes by implementing drill technique that is extended drill, or substitution drill. The drill was supported with practicing inductive and deductive approach. The drill and the approach were administered during two cycles of classroom action research. The participant of the research was 86 students taking the subject of Introduction to English Linguistics. This study found out that the students comprehension on inflectional affixation of word formation improved gradually from cycle 1 to cycle 2 because of the implementation of the substitution drill that alternately practicing inductive and deductive approach.
Unlocking Creative Writing Through In4D-Indigenous CIY Nature Journaling: The Indigenous Voice
Authors: Yahya Laily , Prakash Adam
Published: March 2024

This study examined the perceptions of the participants on the In4dIndigenous CIY nature journaling, their challenges in writing and how the journaling has influenced their creative writing in English Language learning. The methodology adopted for this study was an exploratory study. The instrument employed were document analysis of the In4d-Indigenous CIY Nature Journaling and focus group interview. The participants for this study were 29 Indigenous undergraduates (N=6 male,23= female) pursuing the Bachelor of Education in Iban Studies. The data from nature journaling amplified that the participants expressed their ideas in writing with elements of creative skills, critical thinking skills and emergence of character in articulating ideas for the journal. The data of focus group interview revealed that the In4D-Indigenous CIY nature journaling was a driver that connected technology-aided meaningful outdoor learning with nature, and how the environment was an inspirational teacher. On a positive note, the challenges were expressed as opportunity for improvement rather than threats. The In4d-Indigenous nature journaling indicated an encouraging and constructive influence pertaining to creative writing with six emerging themes: learner autonomy, shift attitude towards language learning, risk-taking, constructors of knowledge, technology exploration and creative-aesthetic value. This study has navigated direction for adopting an Inspired by Nature for the Indigenous CIY nature journaling, yet aspects of new pedagogies for deep learning and 21st Century Skills could be interwoven with nature for a more transformative eco-literacy research.
The Concept of School Literacy Movement Through Reading Time at SMPN 19 Pontianak
Authors: Englis Nina
Published: March 2024

Getting pleasure as one of the reasons why people read leads the implementation of extensive reading approach. Extensive reading involves students in reading large quantities of books at the appropriate level for them. The primary goal of extensive reading is reading in order to gain information and to enjoy texts. Reading time is a practice carried out by the school to support literacy movement at SMP Negeri 19 Pontianak. The program is held on Tuesdays and Thursdays after praying. The students are provided with 15 minutes of reading any books at school. The students bring books from their house, and each reading time students have to report to the class teacher the results of their reading. At the end of each semester the class teacher reports to the headmaster. The aim of this article is to analyze literacy movement to improve literacy culture at SMPN 19 Pontianak. This research used qualitative descriptive study. The result is literacy movement is at the stage of habituation literacy movement that is held on Tuesdays and Thursdays with a time allocation of 15 minutes.
Improving Students’ Class Participation by Using TPR with Hand Puppet
Authors: Hapsari Endah Woro , Ikhsanudin Ikhsanudin
Published: March 2024

Classroom participation is needed in the teaching and learning process to create an effective learning process. Participation is not only about the students' ability in oral communication to convey his/her idea but also non-talker activities. Both active and passive participation is needed to improve students' knowledge. The purpose of this research was to improve students' class participation which influence students’ reading comprehension skills. This research was conducted to first-grade students of SDS Kinderfield Pontianak in Academic Year 2020/2021. This research was a classroom action research. There were three cycles to improve students’ participation. The technique of collecting data was non- measurement and measurement techniques. The data of the non-measurement technique were collected by using an observation checklist, field note, and video analysis. In addition, the measurement technique was gathered by giving a reading comprehension test for each cycle. It consisted of 10 questions of narrative texts. The percentage of student's participation in the classroom was analyzed by an assessing rubric for students' participation. The percentages of each cycle showed improvement. In the first cycle, the percentages of students’ participation were around 59% and it was unacceptable. In addition, in the second cycle, the percentage of students' participation was around 72% for each being observed. It was a developing level. Moreover, in the last cycle, the percentage of students’ participation was more than 80% for all aspects and considered as proficient level. It proves that there was an improvement of students’ participation from each cycle.Keywords: Class participation, tpr, hand puppet
Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia with T(4;11) (Q21;Q23)/MLL-AF4 Fusion Transcript: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Zhang Li , Hou Hanyi ,   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Gao Xiurong ,   Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Yan Muxia ,   Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Li Yanmei ,   Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Wang Yiqian ,   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Published: March 2024

Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (AMKL) is a rare and biologically heterogenous subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with a diverse cytogenetic profile. Mix-lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangements are commonly found in infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and childhood AML. However, the occurrence of MLL rearrangements in AMKL is very rare. Here, we report a pediatric case of AMKL with MLL- AF4 fusion derived from t(4;11) (q21;q23). To our knowledge, the case has not been reported from China. Our observation supports understanding of molecular diversity in AMKL. The varying molecular features of AMKL are warranted to fully understand to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
Psychosocial Interventions in Approaching to the Individual with Sensory Deficiency
Authors:   Selcuk University, Faculty of Nursing, Konya, Turkey, AYDIN Zekiye , LOK Neslihan ,   Selcuk University, Faculty of Nursing, Konya, Turkey
Published: March 2024

Recent advances in intensive care units have increased survival rates for critically ill patients. Patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit may show many psychological symptoms such as fatigue, hopelessness, anxiety, anger, depression, insomnia, sensory overload, sensory deprivation, agitation, delirium, and difficulty in adjustment. To prevent the consequences of these symptoms; patients can continue their psychological and sociological lives after discharge; It is important for health professionals to support patients and provide the necessary psychosocial intervention.
Abdominal Actinomycosis: Case Report
Authors:   Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Verhaz Antonija
Published: March 2024

Abdominal actinomycosis remains an uncommon condition that mimics a wide range of intra-abdominal conditions ranging from acute inflammatory pathologies such as appendicitis to colonic or gynecological malignancies. Any abdominal organ can be affected. Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult and radiological imaging is unlikely to provide a definitive diagnosis. Surgical resection is often required in combination with long-term high-dose antibiotic therapy.
Evaluating the Inter Relationship between Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Clinical Pilot Study
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece, Pavlidou Elemi , Fasoulas Aristeidis ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece, Petridis Dimitrios ,   Department of Food Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece, Tryfonos Christina ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece, Giaginis Constantinos ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of anthropometric parameters and clinical indexes on a sample of diabetic patients. Material and Methods: 440 patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), with an average age of 49.9 years, who were selected from a sample of 2.500 cases. Entry criteria for the group were the long-term follow-up period of patients and the repeatability of lab tests. Results: A strong effect was observed between Body Mass Index (BMI) and hyperglycemia. The frequency of T2D occurrence, was higher in overweight patients (>25 kg/m²) than in those with normal weight (<25 kg/m²). The mean BMI of newly diagnosed diabetic patients was 30.2 Kg/m². There was found a dependence between BMI and sex with the occurrence of cholelithiasis-cholecystitis, with a higher incidence in the class of obese and women. People with normal weight were found to have T2D at a younger age than the other BMI classes that did not differ from each other. Women show higher glucose concentrations than men with normal body weight. At the same BMI class, blood glucose is higher in women than in overweight class. In men no change in glucose was observed at the different BMI classes. The transition of hemoglobin (HbA1c) from step 2 (>7%) to step 1 (<7%) causes a triglyceride concentration reduction of 14.5%. BMI was recorded as the third factor correlated with hyperglycemia, after predisposition and hyperlipidemia and before diastolic blood pressure and age. Conclusions: At the ascertainment of the newly diagnosed T2D, the presence or not of obesity, determined of BMI, does not affect blood glucose levels in men. In women the normal BMI levels are not deterrent factors of high glucose values, nor age, regardless of gender. BMI is classified as third correlation factor of highglucose values in newly diagnosed diabetics.
Elaboration of “Cacho De Cabra” Chilli Snacks (Capsicum annum L.) with Tomatoe Formulations and Tomatoe- Oregano Formulations
Authors:   Department of Agrarian Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Chile, Lopez Nelson Loyola , Ibarra Rubio Francisca ,   Department of Agrarian Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Chile, Carrasco Carlos Acuña ,   Department of Agrarian Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Chile, Arriola Herrera Mariela ,   Department of Agrarian Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Chile
Published: March 2024

“Cacho de cabra” chilli cultivation has potentially increased in Chile due to the different variety of gourmet products that are used with it. New industrialization projects are being looked for in order to use it due to the increasing demand of its use. It can also be adapted to the new tendencies in the consumption habits of consumers, which are mainly oriented towards an attractive food, to a quick consumption and preparation which can supply nutrients and provide some benefit to human health. Snack products including the use of fruits have a positive response to these requirements; they also provide alternative commercialization to the surplus of fruit trees exportations. For the reasons stated above, this research was carried out considering snack elaboration based on “cacho de cabra” chilli with the incorporation of tomatoe and oregano to increase the palatability and sensorial quality of the final product. The following formulations were used: only chilli (T1); chilli and tomatoe (T2); chilli, tomatoe and oregano (T 3). The latter was characterised because it presented good flavour and smell. A great amount of its water content with forced hot air was eliminated from the fruits. A product without chemical preserves was obtained, it had physical and chemical parameters like those required for the existing foods that are in the market nowadays. The formulations where oregano was added presented a good sensorial attribute and acceptability, higlighting from the rest of the treatments. The colour of the snack was kept according to the panelists even at the end of the dehydration process.
Review on Development System of Traceability in Dairy Processing
Authors:   Department Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt, AA Shahin , HA Shaaban ,   Department of Chemistry of Flavour and Aroma, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Published: March 2024

The application of molecular methods is widely implemented in the traceability systems in the food sector, covering many types of food, as it is shown in this review. The rapid implementation of traceability systems in the food system is due to these techniques with high specificity, sensitivity, efficiency, and speed. In addition, compared with protein-based techniques, DNA-based techniques can be applied to any type of product, regardless of the treatment of processing to which it has been subjected. Future trends in the development of molecular or genetic tools for food traceability are focused on the search of techniques to obtain more information in the shortest time possible. Techniques that allow the identification, both at the species and population level, also facilitate the determination of the geographic origin. At present, one of the most promising techniques is the Digital PCR (dPCR), which allows the analysis of samples containing mixtures of species with high sensitivity and in a single assay, making multiple reactions in parallel through a nanofluidic chip. The application of emerging technologies, microfluidics, and nanotechnology in the development of molecular methods will obtain greater sensitivity, discriminatory power, reproducibility, and speed, thus increasing its potential in the traceability of the food sector.
Financial covenants in syndicated lending transactions
Authors: Tarasov A. A.
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the use of financial covenants in international syndicated lending transactions. From a borrower’s point of view, acceptable levels of financial covenants allow to realize the transaction with comfortable conditions for further fulfillment. For lenders, an acceptable level of financial covenants is important for obtaining internal credit approval for participation in the transaction and as a tool for monitoring the credit quality of a borrower when servicing a syndicated loan. The main financial covenants of syndicated loan transactions include restrictions on the following financial ratios of a borrower: net debt/EBITDA, net interest payments/EBITDA, and net debt/equity. Lenders monitor financial covenants through a compliance certificate that a borrower sends to the lending agent on a regular basis. One of the key roles in syndicated lending transactions is played by a loan agent, through whom communications between a borrower and lenders take place. If a borrower violates the financial covenants, the process of obtaining lenders’ consent to a one-time waiver (Waiver Request) or amendment of the loan agreement (Amendment Request) is initiated. The article discusses the main stages of these processes with an indication of the participants’ roles in these processes (borrower, loan agent, lenders, and legal counsel).
Financial contagion of German industrial enterprises during the 2021–2023 global energy crisis
Authors: Terekhov A. M. , Ovcharov A. O.
Published: March 2024

The relevance of the study is justified by the importance of capturing and assessing the financial contagion transmission in crisis for the purposes of identifying risks in the financial market, as well as for the industrial sector management at the micro and macro levels.

   The article applies such an assessment to the largest industrial enterprises in Germany.

   The object of study choice is due to the fact that Germany, on the one hand, has a highly developed industrial sector and, on the other hand, was the most severely affected by the global energy crisis caused by political disagreements at the international level.

   The natural gas market has been chosen as a transmitter of contagion and German industrial companies as a receiver. A brief theoretical review considers the peculiarities of the functioning of the industrial sector of the German economy during the global energy crisis. The dependence of industrial production on natural gas imports has been revealed. The practical section captures financial contagion using the following tests: Forbes-Rigobon, distributional coasymmetry, distributional cocurtosis, and covolatility. A ranking of the industries contagion in Germany has been constructed. It has been found that most of the investigated companies are exposed to contagion from the gas market to a greater or lesser extent. Only three companies showed absolute resistance to contagion: Enbw Energie Baden Wuerttemberg AG, Stemmer Imaging AG, and OHB SE. The light industry, metals and mining were the most affected to the financial contagion, while the construction industry was the least affected.
Calculating Apparent pKa Values of Ionizable Lipids in Lipid Nanoparticle
Authors: Hamilton Nicholas B. , Arns Steve , Shelley Mee , Bechis Irene , Shelley John C.
Published: March 2024

Creating new ionizable lipids for use in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is an active field of research. One of the critical properties for selecting suitable ionizable lipids is the apparent pKa value of the lipid as formulated in an LNP. We have developed a structure-based, computational methodology for the prediction of the apparent pKa value of ionizable lipids within LNPs. This methodology has been validated for the three most successful ionizable lipids to date which are present in the mRNA LNP COVID-19 vaccines COMIRNATY® (Pfizer/BioNTech) and Spikevax® (Moderna), and the siRNA LNP therapeutic Onpattro® (Alnylam). The calculation was also applied to Lipid A, a variant of the ionizable lipid used in COMIRNATY®. We believe that this new technology permits systematic computational prescreening of ionizable lipids to select the most promising candidates for synthesis and experimental testing, accelerating the formulation improvement process and reducing costs.
Automated Prediction of Ground State Spin for Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Yuri Cho , Laplaza Ruben , Vela Sergi , Corminboeuf Clémence
Published: March 2024

Exploiting crystallographic data repositories for large-scale quantum chemical computations requires the rapid and accurate extraction of the molecular structure, charge and spin from the crystallographic information file. Here, we develop a general approach to assign the ground state spin of transition metal complexes, in complement to our previous efforts on determining metal oxidation states and bond order within the cell2mol software. Starting from a database of 31k transition metal complexes extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database with cell2mol, we construct the TM-GSspin dataset, which contains 2,032 mononuclear first row transition metal complexes and their computed ground state spins. TM-GSspin is highly diverse in terms of metals, metal oxidation states, coordination geometries, and coordination sphere compositions. Based on TM-GSspin, we identify correlations between structural and electronic features of the complexes and their ground state spins to develop a rule-based spin state assignment model. Leveraging this knowledge, we construct interpretable descriptors and build a statistical model achieving 97% cross-validated accuracy in predicting the ground state spin across the board. Our approach provides a practical way to determine the ground state spin of transition metal complexes directly from crystal structures without additional computations, thus enabling the automated use of crystallographic data for large-scale computations involving transition metal complexes.
Well-defined synthetic copolymers with pendent aldehydes form biocompatible strain-stiffening hydrogels and enable competitive ligand displacement
Authors: Beeren Ivo Anton Octave , Morgan Francis Luke Culliford , Rademakers Timo , Dijkstra Pieter Jelle , Moroni Lorenzo , Baker Matthew Brandon
Published: March 2024

Dynamic hydrogels are attractive platforms for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but there are limited polymer platforms amenable to the formation of these dynamic materials. Most architectures reported are based either on telechelic synthetic polymers or side-chain modified natural polymers; synthetic versions of side-chain modified polymers are noticeably absent. Dynamic hydrogels are key tools for their ability to mimic key extracellular (ECM) mechanical properties like strain stiffening and stress relaxation, while enabling enhanced processing characteristics like injectability, 3D printing, and self-healing. Currently, the limited chemical design space is hindering progress. To facilitate access to new classes of dynamic hydrogels, we report the straightforward synthesis of a water-soluble copolymer with a tunable fraction of pendent aldehyde groups (12–64%) using controlled radical polymerization, and their formation into hydrogel biomaterials with dynamic crosslinks. We found the polymer synthesis to be well-controlled with the determined reactivity ratios consistent with blocky gradient microarchitecture. Subsequently, we observed fast gelation kinetics with imine-type crosslinking. We were able to vary hydrogel stiffness from ≈ 2–20 kPa and tune the onset of strain-stiffening towards a biologically relevant regime (critical stress ≈ 10 Pa). Moreover, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to demonstrate ligand displacement along the copolymer backbone via competitive binding and highlighted the cytocompatibility of our system using human dermal fibroblasts. The combination of highly tunable composition, stiffness, and strain-stiffening, in conjunction with temporal control over ligand exchange/presentation, positions these cytocompatible copolymers as a powerful synthetic platform for the rational design of next generation synthetic biomaterials.
How Usable Are Published Permeability Data?
Authors: Storchmannová Kateřina , Balouch Martin , Juračka Jakub , Štěpánek František , Berka Karel
Published: March 2024

Permeability is an important molecular property in drug discovery, as it co-determines pharmacokinetics whenever a drug crosses the phospholipid bilayer, e.g., into the cell, in the gastrointestinal tract or across the blood-brain barrier. Many methods for the determination of permeability have been developed, including cell line assays, cell-free model systems like PAMPA mimicking, e.g., gastrointestinal epithelia or the skin, as well as the Black lipid membrane (BLM) and sub-micrometre liposomes. Furthermore, many in silico approaches have been developed for permeability prediction. Analysis of publicly available databases for permeability data (MolMeDB and ChEMBL) was performed, and interesting phenomena were found. Firstly, experimental data can only be measured between thresholds for the lowest and highest permeation rate obtainable within physical boundaries. These thresholds vary strongly between methods. Secondly, computed data do not obey these thresholds but, on the other hand, can produce incorrect results. Thirdly, even for the same method and molecule, there is a strong discrepancy between measured values. These differences are based not only on the statistics but also on the varying approaches and evaluation of the measured data. Thus, when working with in-house measured or published permeability data, we recommend to be cautious with their interpretation.