bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and Rosacea: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Lingli
Published: June 2024

Background

Controversy persists regarding the causal relationship between Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and Rosacea. This paper employs the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to elucidate the correlation between Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and Rosacea. The aim is to contribute valuable insights to aid in the prevention and early treatment of Rosacea.

Method

Summary datasets for cigarette smoking parameters (Cigarettes smoked per day, Smoking status: Previous, smoking status: Current) and alcohol consumption (Alcoholic drinks per week) were selected alongside data for Rosacea from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The Two‐sample MR method was employed to analyze the correlation between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and Rosacea. Various MR analysis methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger, Simple Mode, Weighted Mode, and Weighted Median, were chosen. IVW served as the primary analysis method.

Results

The results indicate a significant negative association between Cigarettes smoked per day and Rosacea. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between Smoking status: Previous and Rosacea. However, no significant associations were found between Smoking status: Current, Alcoholic drinks per week, and Rosacea.

Conclusion

This study provides further clarity on the association between cigarette smoking, drinking, and Rosacea through a two‐sample MR analysis. Notably, the number of cigarettes smoked per day appears to be associated with a reduced incidence of Rosacea, while cigarette smoking cessation may increase the risk. Surprisingly, alcohol consumption does not emerge as a significant risk factor for Rosacea. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between lifestyle factors and the occurrence of Rosacea, offering potential insights for preventive measures and early intervention.
Enhancement of Exfoliating Effects through the Novel Cosmetic Ingredient Mandelic acid_Carnitine Ion‐Pairing Complex
Authors: Jeon Hyungjoon , Park Nojin , Won Jong Gu , Shin Yong Won , Choi Jiwon , Park Sang‐Wook , Son Nam Seo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to develop a novel exfoliating material with high efficacy and low irritation by synthesizing the Mandelic acid_Carnitine ion pairing complex (M_C complex) and evaluating its exfoliating properties. Additionally, the study assessed the skin improvement effects of the M_C complex through clinical evaluations.

Methods

The M_C complex was synthesized in a 1:1 molar ratio of Mandelic acid and Carnitine. Structural characterization was performed using dynamic light scattering and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Exfoliating efficacy was evaluated on porcine skin, and clinical assessments were conducted on human subjects to measure various skin improvement parameters.

Results

The formation of the M_C complex was confirmed through particle size analysis, zeta‐potential measurements, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The M_C complex demonstrated superior exfoliating efficacy compared to Mandelic acid alone, especially at pH 4.5. Clinical evaluations showed significant improvements in blackheads, whiteheads, pore volume, depth, density, count, and affected area, as well as skin texture. No adverse reactions were observed.

Conclusion

The M_C complex exhibits high exfoliating efficacy and minimal irritation, making it a promising cosmetic ingredient for improving skin health. These findings support its potential as a low‐irritation exfoliating material under mildly acidic conditions, contributing to overall skin health enhancement.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for assessing soil quality indicators in cocoa production system validated using multi‐year data
Authors: Majeed Israr , Singh Kanika , Fidelis Chris , Yinil David , Minasny Budiman , Das Bhabani S. , Field Damien J.
Published: June 2024

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is emerging as a reliable soil testing approach. However, few studies reported on the applicability of DRS for estimating the overall soil quality index (SQI) in smallholder farms. Specifically, the DRS approach has not been evaluated in cocoa production systems with multi‐year soil data. We evaluated the DRS approach in typical cocoa production systems from Papua New Guinea (PNG) by collecting soil samples before and after implementing soil test‐based nutrient recommendations. Specifically, 379 soil samples were collected in 2017 from cocoa farms in East New Britain, New Ireland, and Bouganville provinces of PNG. A second soil testing campaign was undertaken in 2019 to analyse 432 soil samples from the same farms to test the consistency of the DRS approach for SQI assessment. In all these samples, 15 soil parameters were measured using the conventional wet chemistry approach. Reflectance spectra in each sample were also measured over the visible to near‐infrared (wavelength: 350–2500 nm). A minimum dataset approach was followed to estimate SQIs from laboratory‐measured soil properties. With available N, clay content, available P, and available Zn adjudged as significant soil quality parameters for the cocoa plantations of PNG, estimated mean SQI values ranged from 0.30 in the cocoa farm from Bouganville province (BOKA‐PAN) in 2017 to 0.46 for the New Ireland province (LAU‐PAN) soil samples collected during 2019. Overall, SQI values increased from about 13%–21% following the nutrient applications. Based on the validation of two commonly‐used chemometric models (PLSRFS: partial‐least‐squares regression with feature selection, SVR: support vector regression), the SQI values were estimated with the coefficient of determination (R2) values as high as .94. Our results showed that a DRS model calibrated in soil samples collected in a specific year can be used for estimating SQI values in soil samples collected in different years. These results suggest that the principal component analysis (PCA) based SQI may be estimated from the DRS data with good accuracy and SQI values may potentially capture the management effects in smallholder farms.
Identification of the novel HLA‐C allele, HLA‐C*04:520
Authors: Zucchini Monica , Billiani Camilla , Mazzocchi Arabella , Arienti Flavio , Taverna Francesca
Published: June 2024

HLA‐C*04:520, a novel HLA‐C allele, differs from HLA‐C*04:01:01 by one mismatch in exon 5.
Environmental Impact, Mechanical Properties, and Productivity: Considerations on Filler Wire and Scanning Strategy in Laser Welding
Authors: Liverani Erica , Angeloni Caterina , Ascari Alessandro , Fortunato Alessandro
Published: June 2024

Sustainability, as well as high-quality outcomes, pose significant challenges within the context of current manufacturing cycles, in alignment with European strategies aimed at decarbonization. This framework encourages a systematic evaluation of manufacturing processes in terms of their performance and carbon footprint. One sector where this is particularly relevant is the production of batteries for electric mobility, thanks to its exponential growth. Out of all the processes involved, laser welding stands out as being a critical step since it offers potential energy savings through optimization. With the dual goals of achieving mechanical strength and environmental sustainability, this study investigates alternative solutions for laser welding of aluminum sheets. Different laser welding configurations are tested to evaluate the effect of process setups on weld quality and carbon emissions across different productivity scenarios. The key findings can be summarized as follows: (1) the selection of welding setup significantly influences both quality and sustainability requirements; (2) the optimal conditions for meeting strength requirements may diverge from those aimed at minimizing environmental impact; (3) the choice of the final solution is influenced by the specific industrial scenario. The study specifically demonstrated that aluminum alloys can be welded with higher quality (porosity below 1% and equivalent ultimate strength up to 204 MPa) when filler wire is introduced alongside an active wobbling scanning strategy. Conversely, filler wire can be omitted in scenarios prioritizing high-productivity and low-carbon emissions, such as when employing a linear scanning strategy, resulting in a reduction of equivalent carbon emissions by up to 140%.
Three-Dimensional-Digital Image Correlation Methodology for Kinematic Measurements of Non-Penetrating Blunt Impacts
Authors: LeSueur Joseph , Koser Jared , Yoganandan Narayan , Pintar Frank A.
Published: June 2024

Blunt force trauma remains a serious threat to many populations and is commonly seen in motor vehicle crashes, sports, and military environments. Effective design of helmets and protective armor should consider biomechanical tolerances of organs in which they intend to protect and require accurate measurements of deformation as a primary injury metric during impact. To overcome challenges found in velocity and displacement measurements during blunt impact using an integrated accelerometer and two-dimensional (2D) high-speed video, three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC) measurements were taken and compared to the accepted techniques. A semispherical impactor was launched at impact velocities from 14 to 20 m/s into synthetic ballistic gelatin to simulate blunt impacts observed in behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), falls, and sports impacts. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance resulted in no significant differences in maximum displacement (p = 0.10), time of maximum displacement (p = 0.21), impact velocity (p = 0.13), and rebound velocity (p = 0.21) between methods. The 3D-DIC measurements demonstrated equal or improved percent difference and low root-mean-square deviation compared to the accepted measurement techniques. Therefore, 3D-DIC may be utilized in BABT and other blunt impact applications for accurate 3D kinematic measurements, especially when an accelerometer or 2D lateral camera analysis is impractical or susceptible to error.
Influence of the thermal shrinkage-induced volume contraction on the yielding behavior of waxy oil
Authors: Shinde Sachin Balasaheb , Kumar Lalit
Published: June 2024

The present article investigates the effect of thermal shrinkage on the yielding behavior of waxy oil gel. The paper compares constant gap and constant normal force measurement protocols to examine the effect of measurement protocol on the rheological behavior of thermoreversible gel. The findings of this study reveal that the extent of stress overshoot and yield stress in a constant shear-rate start-up flow shows a lower magnitude in a constant gap protocol compared to a constant normal force protocol. The decrease in gel strength in the former protocol is mainly attributed to the formation of voids. These voids cause localized fractures within the crystal network. In contrast, in the constant normal force measurement protocol, gel contraction is compensated by utilizing a variable gap setting. Variable gaps compensate for the lower specific volume of the gel after crystallization, minimizing void formation and subsequent rupture of the crystal network. Hence, the gel network formed using the constant normal force protocol is more homogeneous, eliminating the uncertainties in yield stress measurement. Finally, the effect of thermal history, wax content, and aging period on the yield stress values highlights notable findings. Contrary to the conventionally accepted results, the aging period is found to impact the yield stress negatively, and a nonmonotonic relationship between the cooling rate and yield stress is noticed under the constant gap protocol. Thus, the results obtained under the constant normal force protocol are more reliable and can help in developing a fundamental understanding of the yielding behavior.
The SapM phosphatase can arrest phagosome maturation in an ESX-1 independent manner in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and BCG
Authors: Xander Christian , Rajagopalan Saranathan , Jacobs William R. , Braunstein Miriam
Published: June 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) is an intracellular pathogen that survives and grows in macrophages. A mechanism used by
Mtb
to achieve intracellular survival is to secrete effector molecules that arrest the normal process of phagosome maturation. Through phagosome maturation arrest (PMA),
Mtb
remains in an early phagosome and avoids delivery to degradative phagolysosomes. One PMA effector of
Mtb
is the secreted SapM phosphatase. Because the host target of SapM, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI
3
P), is located on the cytosolic face of the phagosome, SapM needs to not only be released by the mycobacteria but also travel out of the phagosome to carry out its function. To date, the only mechanism known for
Mtb
molecules to leave the phagosome is phagosome permeabilization by the ESX-1 secretion system. To understand this step of SapM function in PMA, we generated identical in-frame
sapM
mutants in both the attenuated
Mycobacterium bovis
bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine strain, which lacks the ESX-1 system, and
Mtb
. Characterization of these mutants demonstrated that SapM is required for PMA in BCG and
Mtb
. Further, by establishing a role for SapM in PMA in BCG, and subsequently in a
Mtb
mutant lacking the ESX-1 system, we demonstrated that the role of SapM does not require ESX-1. We further determined that ESX-2 or ESX-4 is also not required for SapM to function in PMA. These results indicate that SapM is a secreted effector of PMA in both BCG and
Mtb
, and that it can function independent of the known mechanism for
Mtb
molecules to leave the phagosome.
Stomach microbiota in gastric cancer development and clinical implications
Authors: Zeng Ruijie , Gou Hongyan , Lau Harry Cheuk Hay , Yu Jun
Published: June 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and a prominent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. A distinctive characteristic of GC is its intimate association with commensal microbial community. AlthoughHelicobacter pyloriis widely recognised as an inciting factor of the onset of gastric carcinogenesis, increasing evidence has indicated the substantial involvement of microbes that reside in the gastric mucosa during disease progression. In particular, dysregulation in gastric microbiota could play pivotal roles throughout the whole carcinogenic processes, from the development of precancerous lesions to gastric malignancy. Here, current understanding of the gastric microbiota in GC development is summarised. Potential translational and clinical implications of using gastric microbes for GC diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics are also evaluated, with further discussion on conceptual haziness and limitations at present. Finally, we highlight that modulating microbes is a novel and promising frontier for the prevention and management of GC, which necessitates future in-depth investigations.
Molecular profiling of visible polypoid and invisible conventional intestinal-type low-grade dysplasia in patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Christakis Alexander , Nowak Jonathan , Hamilton Matthew J , Goldblum John R , Parrack Paige , Lindeman Neal I , Odze Robert , Patil Deepa T
Published: June 2024

Aims

Little is known about the molecular features of visible polyps with low-grade intestinal-type dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To better understand their origins and biological potential, we sought to genomically profile these lesions and compare them with invisible low-grade dysplasia and sporadic adenomas from non-IBD patients.

Methods

22 polyps within areas of colitis, 13 polyps outside areas of colitis, 10 foci of invisible dysplasia from patients with IBD and 6 sporadic tubular adenomas from non-IBD patients were analysed using the OncoPanel assay.

Results

Polyps arising in areas of colitis showed a greater spectrum of mutations, includingAPC,KRAS,FBXW7,TP53,ARID1AandTCF7L2. Polyps outside colitis and non-IBD sporadic adenomas showed a limited mutational profile, withAPCandCTNNB1mutations. Invisible dysplasia was characterised byTP53,CTNNB1andKRASalterations. Compared with dysplastic polyps, none of the invisible dysplastic foci showedAPCalterations (73%—within colitis; p=0.0001, 92%—outside colitis; p<0.0001, 83%—sporadic adenomas; p=0.001).TP53mutations were significantly higher in invisible dysplasia (50%) compared with polyps within colitis (9%; p=0.02) and outside colitis (8%; p=0.03).

Conclusions

Molecular alterations in visible low-grade dysplastic polyps with conventional intestinal-type dysplasia from patients with IBD and sporadic adenomas from non-IBD patients overlap significantly.APCalterations appear to play a major role in the development of visible low-grade dysplastic lesions in patients with IBD, regardless of background colitis. As with IBD-associated colorectal cancers,TP53mutations are an early event in the development of invisible, low-grade conventional intestinal-type dysplasia in patients with IBD.
Social media sensors as early signals of influenza outbreaks at scale
Authors: Martín-Corral David , García-Herranz Manuel , Cebrian Manuel , Moro Esteban
Published: June 2024

Detecting early signals of an outbreak in a viral process is challenging due to its exponential nature, yet crucial given the benefits to public health it can provide. If available, the network structure where infection happens can provide rich information about the very early stages of viral outbreaks. For example, more central nodes have been used as social network sensors in biological or informational diffusion processes to detect early contagious outbreaks. We aim to combine both approaches to detect early signals of a biological viral process (influenza-like illness, ILI), using its informational epidemic coverage in public social media. We use a large social media dataset covering three years in a country. We demonstrate that it is possible to use highly central users on social media, more precisely high out-degree users from Twitter, as sensors to detect the early signals of ILI outbreaks in the physical world without monitoring the whole population. We also investigate other behavioral and content features that distinguish those early sensors in social media beyond centrality. While high centrality on Twitter is the most distinctive feature of sensors, they are more likely to talk about local news, language, politics, or government than the rest of the users. Our new approach could detect a better and smaller set of social sensors for epidemic outbreaks and is more operationally efficient and privacy respectful than previous ones, not requiring the collection of vast amounts of data.
Temperature effects on annealing crucial deep-level defects in neutron-irradiated silicon: Multiscale modeling
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Yonggang , Gao Yang , Zhang Chuanguo , Zeng Zhi
Published: June 2024

Studying temperature effects on defect behaviors during thermal annealing is significant for understanding the performance degradation and recovery of semiconductor devices under irradiation. We systematically studied temperature effects on annealing crucial deep-level defects in neutron-irradiated silicon, by developing a multiscale modeling approach. The temperature-dependent concentrations and electron occupation ratios of crucial defects of divacancies (V2) and tri-vacancies (V3) were given for dynamic and post-irradiation annealing. Besides the common direct dissociation, we found a new approach to eliminating V2 and V3 by their recombination with interstitials dissociated from interstitial-relative defects at relatively low temperatures. To effectively eliminate V2 and V3 by post-irradiation annealing, we further determined the activation energies of 1.98[Formula: see text]eV and 1.71[Formula: see text]eV for V2 and V3, respectively. We also found that, within the operation temperature range of devices, the higher the temperature, the better the radiation resistance. It is thus recommended that the optimal temperature of post-irradiation annealing for device performance recovery is near 600[Formula: see text]K.
Epidemic spreading on community networks with heterogeneity considering higher-order interactions
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Wang Peng , Lu Zhijia
Published: June 2024

Real networks often exhibit community structures, while community networks often have heterogeneity. Group interactions beyond pairwise interactions can adequately characterize the high-order features in the propagation process. In this paper, we construct a community network with heterogeneity which can reflect the heterogeneity among communities. According to the proposed model, high-order interactions are introduced to study the impact of heterogeneity among communities and higher-order interactions on epidemic dynamics. It is shown that heterogeneity among communities and high-order interactions will have an impact on the propagation speed, propagation threshold and final propagation scale.
Multi-Label Classification of Pure Code
Authors: Gao Bin , Qin Hongwu , Ma Xiuqin
Published: June 2024

Currently, there is a significant amount of public code in the IT communities, programming forums and code repositories. Many of these codes lack classification labels, or have imprecise labels, which causes inconvenience to code management and retrieval. Some classification methods have been proposed to automatically assign labels to the code. However, these methods mainly rely on code comments or surrounding text, and the classification effect is limited by the quality of them. So far, there are a few methods that rely solely on the code itself to assign labels to the code. In this paper, an encoder-only method is proposed to assign multiple labels to the code of an algorithmic problem, in which UniXcoder is employed to encode the input code and the encoding results correspond to the output labels through the classification heads. The proposed method relies only on the code itself. We construct a dataset to evaluate the proposed method, which consists of source code in three programming languages (C[Formula: see text], Java, Python) with a total size of approximately 120[Formula: see text]K. The results of the comparative experiment show that the proposed method has better performance in multi-label classification task of pure code than encoder–decoder methods.
Powers of generalized binomial edge ideals of path graphs
Authors: Shen Yi-Huang , Zhu Guangjun
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study the powers of the generalized binomial edge ideal [Formula: see text] of a path graph [Formula: see text]. We explicitly compute their regularities and determine the limit of their depths. We also show that these ordinary powers coincide with their symbolic powers. Additionally, we study the Rees algebra and the special fiber ring of [Formula: see text] utilizing Sagbi basis theory. In particular, we obtain precise formulas for the regularity of these blowup algebras.
Taylor is prime
Authors: Bodor Bertalan , Gyenizse Gergő , Maróti Miklós , Zádori László
Published: June 2024

We study the Taylor varieties and obtain new characterizations of them via compatible reflexive digraphs. Based on our findings, we prove that in the lattice of interpretability types of varieties, the filter of the types of all Taylor varieties is prime.
Vibration Characteristics and Mesoscopic State Evolution of Ballasted Track During Dynamic Stabilizing Operation
Authors: Zhang Zhihai , Xiao Hong , Ma Chaozhi , Wang Yang , Nadakatti Mahantesh M , Yan Gongfu
Published: June 2024

Dynamic stabilization of large machines is necessary procedures before the commencement of operations railway lines that are newly built. However, limited or no studies have been carried out to reveal the operational mechanism from the vibration transfer characteristics of ballasted track subjected to excitation by stabilizing machines. The focus of this study is to solve this shortcoming. First, a typical new railway line was selected to test the dynamic response of the ballasted track during stabilizing operation, and then a stabilizing machine-ballasted track model was established with the help of the DEM-MBD coupling method. And the biaxial vibration accelerometers were inserted at various locations in the ballast bed to monitor the evolution of the vibration level on real-time basis. The influence of the stabilizing operation process on the vibration transmission and attenuation characteristics of sleeper and ballast bed was explored using wavelet analysis and Fast Fourier Transform method. The vibration absorption capacity and energy dissipation characteristics of the ballasted track under various stabilizing frequencies were analyzed. At the same time, the contact state and movement posture of ballast particles during the stabilizing operation were explored. Results showed that the vertical vibration attenuation rate of the slope toe of the ballast bed after the first stabilizing machine pass is 92.32%, while the vertical vibration attenuation rate of the second stabilizing machine is reduced by 3.14%. The second stabilizing machine can cause a large lateral movement of the ballast at the bottom of the sleeper. Under the excitation of 25[Formula: see text]Hz stabilizing frequency, it was observed that, the vibration absorption capacity of the ballast bed at the bottom of the sleeper is high, the vibration level at the ballast bed slope is low, and the stability is better. This is the optimal frequency for the stable operation of the new railway. This study can provide theoretical support for the establishment of the internal correlation mechanism between the vibration characteristics of stabilizing machines and the mechanical state of the ballast bed.
On small injective group rings
Authors: Shen Liang
Published: June 2024

A ring [Formula: see text] is called right small injective if every homomorphism from a small right ideal of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] can be extended to a homomorphism from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Recall that a right ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called small if for any proper right ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. It is proved that if [Formula: see text] is a locally finite group and the group ring [Formula: see text] is right small injective, then [Formula: see text] must be right small injective. The converse is not true even if [Formula: see text] is a finite group. An example is given to show a right small injective group ring [Formula: see text] whose coefficient ring [Formula: see text] is not right small injective. In the end, let [Formula: see text] be a finite group, an equivalent characterization is given for [Formula: see text] to be right small injective.
Hom–Leibniz bialgebras revisited
Authors: Ma Tianshui , Sun Yixuan , Zhou Xin
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we re-establish a bialgebraic theory on a Hom–Leibniz algebra by a new dual representation, which weakens the involutive condition on the structure map in [S. Guo, S. X. Wang and X. H. Zhang, The Classical Hom–Leibniz Yang–Baxter Equation and Hom–Leibniz Bialgebras, Mathematics 10 (2022) 1920; I. Laraiedh and S. Silvestrov, Hom–Leibniz bialgebras and BiHom–Leibniz dendriform algebras, Afr. Mat. 34 (2023), Article ID: 28, 45 pp]. We also give the classification of triangular Hom–Leibniz bialgebras on two-dimensional Hom–Leibniz algebras induced by “Yau twist principle”.
On the modular isomorphism problem for 2-generated groups with cyclic derived subgroup
Authors: García-Lucas Diego , del Río Ángel
Published: June 2024

We continue the analysis of the modular isomorphism problem for [Formula: see text]-generated [Formula: see text]-groups with cyclic derived subgroup, [Formula: see text], started in [D. García-Lucas, Á. del Río and M. Stanojkowski, On group invariants determined by modular group algebras: Even versus odd characteristic, Algebra Represent. Theory 26 (2022) 2683–2707, doi:10.1007/s10468-022-10182-x]. We show that if [Formula: see text] belongs to this class of groups, then the isomorphism type of the quotients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are determined by its modular group algebra. In fact, we obtain a more general but technical result, expressed in terms of the classification [O. Broche, D. García-Lucas and Á. del Río, A classification of the finite 2-generator cyclic-by-abelian groups of prime-power order, Int. J. Algebra Comput. 33(4) (2023) 641–686]. We also show that for groups in this class of order at most [Formula: see text], the modular isomorphism problem has positive answer. Finally, we describe some families of groups of order [Formula: see text] whose group algebras over the field with [Formula: see text] elements cannot be distinguished with the techniques available to us.
Semibricks and the Jordan–Hölder property
Authors: Wang Li , Wei Jiaqun , Zhang Haicheng , Zhang Peiyu
Published: June 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be an extriangulated category and [Formula: see text] be a semibrick in [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the filtration subcategory generated by [Formula: see text]. We introduce the weak Jordan–Hölder property (WJHP) and Jordan–Hölder property (JHP) in [Formula: see text] and show that [Formula: see text] satisfies WJHP. Furthermore, [Formula: see text] satisfies JHP if and only if [Formula: see text] is proper.
Investigation of the Bending Behavior in Silicon Nanowires: A Nanomechanical Modeling Perspective
Authors: Pakzad Sina Zare , Esfahani Mohammad Nasr , Alaca B. Erdem
Published: June 2024

Nanowires (NWs) play a crucial role across a wide range of disciplines such as nanoelectromechanical systems, nanoelectronics and energy applications. As NWs continue to reduce in dimensions, their mechanical properties are increasingly affected by surface attributes. This study conducts a comprehensive examination of nanomechanical models utilized for interpreting large deformations in the bending response of silicon NWs. Specifically, the Heidelberg, Hudson, Zhan, SimpZP and ExtZP nanomechanical models are explored regarding their capability to predict the elastic properties of silicon NWs with varying critical dimensions and crystal orientations. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to model silicon NWs with unreconstructed surface states. The calculation of intrinsic stresses and the methodology for quantifying surface properties, including surface stresses and surface elasticity constants, are carried out using atomistic modeling. The findings reveal significant disparities of up to 100 GPa among nanomechanical models in interpreting a singular force-deflection response obtained for a silicon NW. Inadequate consideration of surface and intrinsic effects in nanomechanical modeling of NWs leads to substantial variability in their mechanical properties. This investigation yields valuable insights into the surface characteristics of silicon NWs, thereby enhancing our understanding of the essential role played by nanomechanical models in the intricate interpretation of mechanical properties at the nanoscale.
Bovine Serum Albumin Quantification Sensors Based on Ion-Gel Gate Vertical Graphene Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Wu Zhenting , Song Hang , Liu Ruifang , Yin Chaoyi , Ba Long
Published: June 2024

In recent years, graphene biosensors have received much attention due to their high sensitivity, low noise and low detection limit. Vertical graphene field effect transistors (VGFETs) based on graphene/semiconductor heterojunctions are characterized by high switching ratios and have wide application prospects. In this study, we prepared the ion-gel gate VGFETs and used them for bovine serum albumin (BSA) quantification sensors. The results showed that the adsorption of BSA molecules on the substrate surface was maximized when the ionic strength was 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. The limit of detection (LOD) of BSA concentration was 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml, suitable for simple and rapid quantitative analysis of protein molecules.
Entropy Generation Analysis of Heat Dissipative Darcy–Forchheimer Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid with Thermal Dispersion Effect
Authors: Mishra Manoj Kumar , Pandey Ashutosh
Published: June 2024

Entropy measures the disorderness and randomness in the thermal systems. It has significant influence over efficiency and performances of the thermal systems. The motive of the research paper is to present a comparative analysis of entropy generation of a heat dissipative Darcy–Forchheimer flow of copper (Cu/H2O)-based mono and (CuAl2O3/H2O)-based hybrid nanofluid under the influence of thermal dispersion. The mathematical model of the conceptualized flow problem is formulated using single phase nanofluid model along with Darcy–Forchheimer equation for non-Darcy porous medium flow. The system of dimensional Partial Differential Equation (PDE) depicting the flow problem is converted in the system of dimensionless Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) using the suitable similarity variables and has been solved by MATLAB’s bvp4c package. The flow variables, engineering parameters like skin friction and Nusselt number along with entropy generation, have been analyzed for the active parameters inherited in the problem. The findings suggest that heat transfer rate on the surface enhances with the increment in thermal dispersion parameter. Further, it is reported that the hybrid nanofluid generates lesser entropy as compared to the mono-nanofluid. This research has potential to serve the real-life applications based on electronics and geothermal systems.
Thermal Conductivity Evaluation of Radiative Entropy Optimized Cross-Flow in Eyring–Powell Nanofluid Past a Permeable Deformable Sheet: The Case of Solar-Powered Ship Application
Authors: Khan Umair , Obalalu A. M. , Zaib Aurang , Ishak Anuar , Al-Turef Gadah Abdulrahman , Madhukesh J. K. , Saleh Waafa , Hussain Syed Modassir
Published: June 2024

The objective of this research is to explore the potential of utilizing renewable energy ships (RES) as a sustainable alternative and reducing the need for marine diesel oil (MDO) within the shipping industry. This work concentrates on increasing the thermal performance in RES via the utilization of nanofluids (NFs) that contain a mixture of the base water fluid and titanium dioxide (TiO[Formula: see text] nanoparticles. Furthermore, the implementation of the entropy generation minimization and Eyring–Powell fluid model in parabolic trough solar collectors is employed for RES. Moreover, the results indicate that the SFC and LNN supplements resulted in an increase of approximately 1.03% and 0.04% for the SBES, which can be attributed to the greater concentration of the titania nanoparticles. Meanwhile, for the case of USBES, the enhancement was observed up to 1.38% and 0.31%, respectively. Also, the solar radiation parameter played an important role in enhancing the LNN, resulting in an increase of approximately 5.93% and 4.35% for SBES and USBES respectively. This paper provides vital contributions to the sector of sustainable transportation by giving valuable information on the construction and improvement of thermal solar energy technologies.
Existence of solutions to a strongly nonlinear parabolic–elliptic coupled system of infinite order
Authors: Chahboune Manar , Rhoudaf Mohamed , Talbi Hajar
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of existence of a capacity solution to the strongly nonlinear degenerate problem, namely, [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], where the operator [Formula: see text] is of the form [Formula: see text] By using a Schauder’s fixed point theorem, we establish the existence of weak solutions to a certain truncated problem of finite order. Then, we demonstrate that the sequence of solutions to this truncated problem converges (up to a subsequence) to a capacity solution to our problem of infinite order.
Domination index in graphs
Authors: Nair Kavya. R. , Sunitha M. S.
Published: June 2024

The concepts of domination and topological index hold great significance within the realm of graph theory. Therefore, it is pertinent to merge these concepts to derive the domination index of a graph. A novel concept of the domination index is introduced, which utilizes the domination degree of a vertex. The domination degree of a vertex [Formula: see text] is defined as the minimum cardinality of a minimal dominating set (MDS) that includes [Formula: see text] Methods to find a MDS containing a particular vertex is also discussed in the study. The notion of domination degree and domination index are studied for graphs like complete graphs, complete bipartite, [Formula: see text] partite graphs, cycles, wheels, paths, book graphs, windmill graphs, Kragujevac trees. The study is extended to operation in graphs. Inequalities involving domination degree and already established graph parameters are discussed. An application of domination degree is discussed in facility allocation in a city.
Structural, Optical and Room Temperature Electrical Properties of Thermal Decomposition-Synthesized Co-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Rathore Ravi , Mishra Shalini , Choudhary K. K. , Kaurav Netram
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the impact on the structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties of Zn[Formula: see text]CoxO, [Formula: see text], 0.02 and 0.04 nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated. Zn[Formula: see text]CoxO, [Formula: see text], 0.02, and 0.04 were synthesized by the thermal decomposition technique. XRD confirmed Zn[Formula: see text]CoxO to be hexagonal wurtzite with varying x, which represented a good incorporation of dopant ions in the ZnO lattice. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed the surface morphology of prepared ZnO NPs shaped as quasi-spherical. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) provided the compositional information of prepared NPs having concentrations of Zn, Co, and O in the prepared NPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirm the contents of the sample, their purity, and their molecular structure. The bandgap of the NPs decreases from 3.25[Formula: see text]eV to 3.14[Formula: see text]eV with an increase of x from 0.0 to 0.04. The dielectric constant decreases with x, while the AC electrical conductivity increases with applied frequency. Recently, doped ZnO NPs have been used for the preparation of dyes, which are used for the formation of highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).
Exploring the Chemistry of Dihydropyrimidinone Derived Heterocycles: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Taruna  , Udayasri Allu , Rajni  , Singh Lakhwinder , Ramakrishna D. S.
Published: June 2024

The Biginelli reaction is a cyclo-condensation process that is one-pot acid-catalyzed and produces functionalized DHPMs by combining urea, [Formula: see text]-keto ester, and aromatic aldehyde. This three-component reaction was reported in 1893 and has been acknowledged for over a century as a means of synthesizing dihydropyrimidinone and related dihydropyrimidinethiones. The necessity for sustainable chemistry and the growing usage of green technology approaches have led to a renewed interest in this reaction to produce DHPMs with higher yields while also being environmentally conscious. Recently, many Biginelli-type compounds have been synthesized by modifying the classical reaction utilizing different catalysts and structural variants in different solvents. This paper briefly discussed the literature on preparing DHPMs using different methods and techniques along with their biological activities.
Determination of the Acceleration due to Gravity by Studying the Magnet’s Motion Through a Conducting Pipe
Authors: Pal Sanjoy Kumar , Sarkar Soumen , Panchadhyayee Pradipta
Published: June 2024

We determine the acceleration due to gravity [Formula: see text] in a novel way using a magnetic sensor and video analysis technique of a smartphone. The same applications are used to measure the terminal velocity of a magnet falling through a conducting pipe and the magnetic moment of the magnet from its torsional oscillations. This experiment would appear to be intriguing, as it combines elements of magnetism, terminal velocity, and electromagnetic damping to determine [Formula: see text].
Integration of Machine Learning with Statistical Variation Analysis for Ferroelectric Transistor (FE-MOSFETs)
Authors: Singh Abhay Pratap , Baghel R. K. , Tirkey Sukeshni
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates a comparative analysis of technology computer-aided design (TCAD) versus machine learning (ML) technique for ferroelectric-based substrate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (FE-MOSFET), which shows the low power energy storage device and ML algorithms reduce the time or overall process. The simulations carried out through TCAD require approximately 44–46 days, encompassing variations in input parameters like gate work function ([Formula: see text]), doping concentration ([Formula: see text]), channel doping ([Formula: see text]), gate-to-source voltage ([Formula: see text]), and drain-to-source voltage ([Formula: see text]). In order to lower the computing cost of numerical TCAD device simulations, a new ML-assisted technique is provided for studying the FE-MOSFET. To reduce the runtime of physics-based TCAD by about 10–12[Formula: see text]h for each iteration, a ML-based prediction alternative is created. The proposed combination of TCAD device simulation and ML algorithms is the future of the next generation of electronics.
The interplay of lithology, tectonics and climate in the morphology of Corsica
Authors: Harries Rebekah M. , Lavarini Chrystiann , Kirstein Linda A. , Attal Mikael , Mudd Simon M.
Published: June 2024

The morphology of the landscape on the island of Corsica in the western Mediterranean Sea is transient with a clear topographic asymmetry. The geology of the island can be divided into two units – Hercynian Corsica and Alpine Corsica – with contrasting lithology, climate and structural controls between them. We used topographic analysis to assess the influence of each of these factors on landscape form. Disequilibrium in the landscape is illustrated by analysing

χ

and Gilbert metrics, which indicate active migration of the drainage divide, along with a new metric that quantifies tributary heights above the main stem channel. The climate in the region has fluctuated dramatically from the Messinian salinity crisis through to Quaternary glaciation. However, analysis of the size and distribution of knickpoints across the island does not reflect specific base-level changes. Instead, the basement structures control valley orientation and the conditioning of the landscape by glaciation exerts strong controls on drainage evolution.
Use of Context in Data Quality Management: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Serra Flavia , Peralta Verónika , Marotta Adriana , Marcel Patrick
Published: June 2024

The importance of context in data quality (DQ) was shown many years ago and nowadays is widely accepted. Early approaches and surveys defined DQ as
fitness for use
and showed the influence of context on DQ. This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) for investigating how context is taken into account in recent proposals for DQ management (DQM). We specifically present the planning and execution of the SLR, the analysis criteria and our results reflecting the relationship between context and DQ in the state-of-the-art and, particularly, how this context is defined and used for DQM. The SLR is instrumental to the identification of context components and the design of a context formal model.
A Closest Point Method for PDEs on Manifolds with Interior Boundary Conditions for Geometry Processing
Authors: King Nathan , Su Haozhe , Aanjaneya Mridul , Ruuth Steven , Batty Christopher
Published: June 2024

Many geometry processing techniques require the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) on manifolds embedded in ℝ
2
or ℝ
3
, such as curves or surfaces. Such
manifold PDEs
often involve boundary conditions (e.g., Dirichlet or Neumann) prescribed at points or curves on the manifold’s interior or along the geometric (exterior) boundary of an open manifold. However, input manifolds can take many forms (e.g., triangle meshes, parametrizations, point clouds, implicit functions, etc.). Typically, one must generate a mesh to apply finite element-type techniques or derive specialized discretization procedures for each distinct manifold representation. We propose instead to address such problems in a unified manner through a novel extension of the
closest point method
(CPM) to handle interior boundary conditions. CPM solves the manifold PDE by solving a volumetric PDE defined over the Cartesian embedding space containing the manifold and requires only a closest point representation of the manifold. Hence, CPM supports objects that are open or closed, orientable or not, and of any codimension. To enable support for interior boundary conditions, we derive a method that implicitly partitions the embedding space across interior boundaries. CPM’s finite difference and interpolation stencils are adapted to respect this partition while preserving second-order accuracy. Additionally, we develop an efficient sparse-grid implementation and numerical solver that can scale to tens of millions of degrees of freedom, allowing PDEs to be solved on more complex manifolds. We demonstrate our method’s convergence behavior on selected model PDEs and explore several geometry processing problems: diffusion curves on surfaces, geodesic distance, tangent vector field design, harmonic map construction, and reaction-diffusion textures. Our proposed approach thus offers a powerful and flexible new tool for a range of geometry processing tasks on general manifold representations.
Fair and Robust Federated Learning via Decentralized and Adaptive Aggregation based on Blockchain
Authors: Bowen Du , Haiquan Wang , Yuxuan Li , Zhao Jiejie , Ma Yanbo , Runhe Huang
Published: June 2024

As an emerging learning paradigm, Federated Learning (FL) enables data owners to collaborate training a model while keeps data locally. However, classic FL methods are susceptible to model poisoning attacks and Byzantine failures. Despite several defense methods proposed to mitigate such concerns, it is challenging to balance adverse effects while allowing that each credible node contributes to the learning process. To this end, a Fair and Robust FL method is proposed for defense against model poisoning attack from malicious nodes, namely FRFL. FRFL can learn a high-quality model even if some nodes are malicious. In particular, we first classify each participant into three categories: training node, validation node, and blockchain node. Among these, blockchain nodes replace the central server in classic FL methods while enabling secure aggregation. Then, a fairness-aware role rotation method is proposed to periodically alter the sets of training and validation nodes in order to utilize the valuable information included in local datasets of credible nodes. Finally, a decentralized and adaptive aggregation mechanism cooperating with blockchain nodes is designed to detect and discard malicious nodes and produce a high-quality model. The results show the effectiveness of FRFL in enhancing model performance while defending against malicious nodes.
Global Capital Allocation
Authors: Florez-Orrego Sergio , Maggiori Matteo , Schreger Jesse , Sun Ziwen , Tinda Serdil
Published: June 2024

We survey the literature on global capital allocation. We begin by reviewing the rise of cross-border investment, the shift toward portfolio investment, and the literature focusing on aggregate patterns in multilateral and bilateral positions. We then turn to the recent literature that uses micro data to document patterns in global capital allocations. We focus on the importance of the currency of denomination of assets in international portfolios and the role that tax havens and offshore financial centers play in intermediating global capital. We conclude with directions for future research in this area.