bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of the elderly towards interprofessional cooperation and collaborative pharmacy practices: Questionnaire development
Authors: Ilić Velibor , Tasić Ljiljana , Marinković Valentina
Published: October 2021

Population aging is progressing at the highest rate historically, leading to an increased morbidity. Therefore, higher levels of collaborative pharmaceutical practice (CPP) and interprofessional collaboration (IPC) are expected to provide the necessary improvement to the healthcare system performance. For a strong body of literature to be built in the area of CPP and IPC, methodologically sound research studies must be completed, using questionnaires with well-developed psychometric properties. Therefore, the objective was to develop a questionnaire aimed at researching the attitudes of the elderly (65+) towards IPC and CPP. A structured questionnaire was developed using the Delphi method by a team of experts (n=8) within four rounds of meetings. Reliability, question correlation and factor analysis were used for questionnaire validation. Questionnaire validation (n=40) determined the Cronbach's Alpha to be at the high value of 0.774, and reliability analysis of questionnaire's scales on the total sample (n=185) in the five Geriatric Centers confirmed a relatively high value of 0.736. Interclass correlation coefficient values were highly significant (ICC=0.749; p<0.01), which confirmed questionnaire compactness regarding CPP. An exploratory factor analysis highlighted 2 significant factors explaining 53% of the entire model variability. Both questionnaire validation (n=40) and total sample analysis (n=185) confirmed the appropriateness of the developed questionnaire.
Economic analysis of public revenues and expenditures in the countries of the European Union
Authors: Ivanova Biljana , Mihajlović Milan , Miljković Miloš
Published: October 2021

Modern states are faced with significant budget deficits and public debts. The long-standing negative trend of these categories can create significant negative consequences. All countries strives to rationalize expenditures and increase revenues without distraction the functioning of the economy. The subject of this paper is to create models of forecasting public revenues and public expenditures based on the same in previous years. The analysis includes all EU Member States and the values of public revenues and expenditures over the past ten years. The SPSS software package was used for data analysis and the conclusions were drawn from the obtained results. The importance of the analysis is reflected in the practical foundation of the pre-set theoretical views, which will have their foundation also in the results of the analysis, which will be statistically significant. The resulting model does not have its limitation of application and can be applied to the Republic of Serbia.
The similarity of economic development of Turkey and Yugoslavia in the interwar period: Comparative analysis of macroeconomic indicators
Authors: Nikolić Goran , Zdravković Slađana
Published: October 2021

In the interwar period, Turkey and Yugoslavia, despite many differences, have approximately similar economic performance, especially during the 1930s when the average GDP per capita at purchasing power parity for the two countries was almost the same, implicitly indicating a similar living standard. Both Turkey and Yugoslavia remained predominantly agrarian economies in the observed period, both in terms of the share of employees by sectors or the GDP structure. The two countries pursued a protectionist policy during the 1930s, which, in addition to imports substitution, also meant intensifying industrialization. However, the industrial growth of the 1930s, especially strong in Turkey, did not result in significant structural changes in the two economies, which remained at the European bottom in terms of development.
Reseñas de cuentos aparecidas en los diarios ABC (ABC Cultural) y El País (Babelia) 1996-1999
Authors: Linares Valcárcel Francisco , Romero López Dolores
Published: October 2021

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Anti-gypsyism, racial knowledge and colonial amnesia
Authors: Picker Giovanni
Published: October 2021

This intervention brings together insights from race critical theories and historical sociology to provide a framework for understanding the longstanding racism against Romani people across Europe. It directly draws on Picker's 2017 monograph Racial Cities , and argues that in order to understand the racial segregation of Romani people in Europe, racial knowledge and colonial amnesia should be squarely placed at the core of analytical scrutiny and political intervention. The reason for this is that when looking at several cases of urban authorities' actions on Romani people in 21st-century Europe, key similarities can be detected with colonial authories's actions on "natives" in the cities of European empires.

This intervention brings together insights from race critical theories and historical sociology to provide a framework for understanding the longstanding racism against Romani people across Europe. It directly draws on Picker's 2017 monograph Racial Cities , and argues that in order to understand the racial segregation of Romani people in Europe, racial knowledge and colonial amnesia should be squarely placed at the core of analytical scrutiny and political intervention. The reason for this is that when looking at several cases of urban authorities' actions on Romani people in 21st-century Europe, key similarities can be detected with colonial authories's actions on "natives" in the cities of European empires.
Développement et validation d'un questionnaire de la prise de décision dans le champ d'assurance
Authors: Coulibaly Boubacar , Pahlavan Farzaneh
Published: October 2021

Le questionnaire de la prise de décision dans le champ d’assurance (IDMQ) a été conçu pour valider un instrument de mesure permettant d’évaluer la prise de décision dans le champ d’assurance, sur la base de scénarios et d’échelles, et prenant en compte les différences interculturelles. Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé les réponses de 42 participants français (N = 22) et sénégalais (N = 19) ayant répondu via Internet aux 75 items (Prétest). Après avoir effectué une analyse exploratoire sur 101 Français (N = 54) et Sénégalais (N = 48) et un test-retest sur 33 Français (N = 17) et Sénégalais (N = 16), les résultats présentent une validité interne temporelle satisfaisante, et sont proches de ceux obtenus par Jafarkarimi, et al. (2017). Nous avons désormais un instrument de mesure en langue française présentant différentes mises en situation réelles, ayant des qua- lités psychométriques acceptables permettant d’évaluer la prise de décision dans le champ d’assurance.
Relationship Between Motor Competence and Body Composition Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Banjac Brigita , Karać Aleksandar
Published: October 2021

Context and objective: The scientific evidence on the association between motor competence and body composition among children and adolescents. The aim is to review the literature based on the association between motor competence and body composition to answer the question: does body mass index (BMI) has a negative impact on the Körperkoordinations test für Kinder (KTK) performance? Data Sources and Study Selection: A systematic review from 4 electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Scopus) was used to search for research articles. The study had to include the KTK battery test to evaluate motor competence (MC) and BMI for measuring body composition among children and adolescents written in the English language. A total of 7 research articles were included in the review. Synthesis Methods and results: Two authors independently extracted the articles. The analyzed studies suggest that motor competence is negatively associated with body composition among children and adolescents. Thus, children with better BMI should have a higher MC score evaluated with the KTK assessment. Conclusions: The findings suggest that motor competence and body mass index are negatively associated among children and adolescents. Further research should include another type of test for examining motor competence.
Morphological Characteristics as a Predictive Factor of Biotic Motor Knowledge
Authors: Pelemiš Vladan M. , Prskalo Ivan , Momčilović Zoran , Momčilović Vladimir
Published: October 2021

On a sample of a total of 56 subjects, divided into two subsamples: 30 boys and 26 girls, measurements of 8 anthropometric measures and assessment of biotic motor knowledge were performed using the motor test “The Test of Gross Motor Development” (TGMD-2). The aim of the study was to determine gender differences in morphological characteristics between preschool children as well as the association of morphological characteristics with the motor test for the assessment of biotic motor skills for both sexes. The results of the research indicate the existence of statistically significant differences between boys and girls in morphological characteristics. These differences were manifested in the motor test, transverse dimensionality and subcutaneous fat in favor of boys, and in longitudinal dimensionality and volume and mass in favor of girls. It was further determined that the system of predictor variables in girls was significantly related to the variable for the assessment of biotic motor knowledge, while this cannot be stated for boys. This linearity of results indicates that the percentage of body fat in the body reduces the ability of girls to achieve better results in the motor test, which is largely under the control of the movement structuring system. It should also be noted that it would be good to use these types of motor tests with preschool children in which the child repeatedly confronts different situations on the one hand, and on the other hand improves the speed of alternative hand movements, explosive power, and a good part of the structuring mechanism. movements.
Corrective Gymnastics - Compulsory Course for Teachers and Educators
Authors: Živković Vuković Jelena Andrea , Buišić Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Proper posture is an unavoidable part of physical education of preschool and younger school age children. Preventive approach is unavoidable from preschool age, by applying preventive physical exercises both as part of physical education activities and during daily stay in kindergartens, and it is necessary to apply the same in physical education classes at a younger school age, as well as during children’s stay. at school. In order to implement this in a quality manner, it is necessary for educators and teachers to acquire basic knowledge in the field of corrective gymnastics, already during basic studies. Therefore, there is a need to include this subject in the curriculum of basic studies of all teachers and pedagogical faculties, as well as higher vocational schools for educators, as mandatory.
QUALITY OF INSTITUTIONS IN CANDIDATE AND POTENTIAL CANDIDATE COUNTRIES COMPARED TO THE NEWEST EUROPEAN MEMBERS
Authors: Trivić Jelena
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with the quality of institutions in two samples. The first sample consists of candidates and potential candidates for membership in the European Union - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and N. Macedonia, while the second sample consists of the youngest member states of the European Union - Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania. In some of the earlier papers, as a co-author or author, I compared the countries of the region with the members of "New Europe", i.e. the countries that became members of the EU in 2004, but a glance look at the data today led me to the conclusion that the quality of the institutional environment in the region is more logical to compare with the newest EU members. Even in comparison with these countries, our region lags significantly behind. As a database for the quality of institutions, I used the World Governance Indicators developed by Kaufman et al. (2010). Institutions are defined as they were defined by Nobel laureate Douglas North and after him, a whole group of economists under the auspices of the New Institutional Economy.
Lessons from Japan: promoting underutilized food crops through tourism
Authors: THARMABALAN RACHEL
Published: October 2021

For the first time in the XXI century, the number of people suffering from obesity worldwide surpassed the number of undernourished people. For many developing countries, this presented a so-called "double burden" of coping for over- and under-nourishment. At a rate of more than 50% of the population in Malaysia being either overweight or obese, the country is facing the most severe dietary crisis in East Asia. Often recognized as one of the healthiest populations worldwide and having a blue zone, Japan has managed to set a yardstick for countries around Asia. Hence the purpose of this study was to uncover the capacity for contribution and successful integration of traditional vegetables into Japanese daily food practices. Semi structured interviews were conducted together with participating observation with key informants to help understand the role of women in preserving and safeguarding traditional vegetables also known as 'sansai' in terms of farming and food preparation. In order to solve the unhealthy eating patterns among Malaysians, it is timely to start appreciating the contributions of the older generation in terms of wild edible usage and preparatory methods which can help alleviate the double burden of malnutrition among the population.
Effect of varying levels of acorn flour on antioxidant, staling and sensory properties of Iranian toast
Authors: Mousavi Babak , ghaderi sajad , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali , Pourmahmoudi Azizollah
Published: October 2021

Due to the high level of antioxidant activity of acorn fruits, they can be used as an ingredient the production of functional foods. The goal of the this research was to partially substitute wheat flour with varying levels (10% - 50% w/w) of debittered acorn flour and to investigate its effects on the rheological characteristics of the dough, total phenolic content (TPC), staling, colour indices and sensory properties of toast bread. The farinograph degree of softening and water absorption of the dough decreased with increasing the acorn flour content, while the stability and time of development of the dough increased. Resistance and extensibility to deformation of the samples respectively increased and decreased compared to those of the control. Toast bread with 30% acorn flour replacement was observed to have lower staling than the control. The highest TPC (9.44 mg GAE/g) and the lowest peroxide value (0.36 m eq O2/kg) were obtained for the bread having 30% acorn flour substitution. Moreover, the breads showed darker crumbs with significantly lower specific loaf volumes. Overall, the bread with 30% of acorn flour substitution showed good rheological, staling properties and reasonable anti-oxidant content compared to the control bread as well as the highest sensorial acceptability.
Effects of addition of swine skin on the technological characteristics of mortadella produced in an industrial unit
Authors: Muraro Karem , Zeni Jamile , Cansian Rogério Luis , Steffens Juliana , Valduga Eunice , Backes Geciane Toniazzo
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the addition of swine skin on the technological characteristics of mortadella formulations produced on industrial scale. The effects of concentrations of swine skin (1.5 to 5.5 %) and sodium chloride (2 to 3 %) on total protein, total fat, starch, moisture, water activity, sodium, pH and texture profile (hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, cohesiveness and chewiness) were evaluated and compared to a mortadella formulation without swine skin addition. The mortadella formulations with addition of 3.5 to 5.5 % swine skin and 2 to 2.5 % sodium chloride are in accordance with Brazilian legislation and provided an increase of approximately 12 % in protein content, a decrease of 14 % in sodium content and a water activity less than 0.9488. The swine skin and sodium chloride provided stability to the mortadella and influenced its texture, mainly in hardness, elasticity and chewiness.
Characterization of pasteurized milk spoilage by electronic nose in relation to its selected quality parameters
Authors: Ehsan Saleem , Al-Attabi Zahir , Al-Habsi Nasser , Claereboudt Michel R. G. , Rahman Mohammad Shafiur
Published: October 2021

Pasteurized fresh milk requires an accurate estimation of shelf life under various conditions to minimize the risk of spoilage and product losses. Milk samples were stored for 56 h in an oven at 25°C and for 15 days in a refrigerator at 4°C. Samples were analyzed using an electronic nose (e-nose), total bacterial count, titratable acidity and pH to determine the quality of milk. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were used to analyze e-nose data of milk stored at 25°C, and 4°C. A clear shift in quality was identified by the e-nose, which also appeared in the total bacterial count after 24 h and 12 days for storage at 25 and 4°C, respectively. On the other hand, titratable acidity exceeded the normal limits of 0.14 % - 0.21 % after 24 h for storage at 25°C (0.247 ± 0.006 %) and after 15 days for storage at 4°C (0.25 ± 0.01 %). If pH was a good indicator of quality for samples stored at 25°C, it showed no clear trends for samples stored at 4°C. Based on the microbial count data and e-nose output, the milk had a shelf life of 0.3 day (i.e. 8 h) when stored at 25°C. Shelf life was extended to 9 days when stored at 4°C.
Sepsis leads to lasting changes in phenotype and function of memory CD8 T cells
Authors: Jensen Isaac J , Li Xiang , McGonagill Patrick W , Shan Qiang , Fosdick Micaela G , Tremblay Mikaela M , Houtman Jon CD , Xue Hai-Hui , Griffith Thomas S , Peng Weiqun , Badovinac Vladimir P
Published: October 2021

The global health burden due to sepsis and the associated cytokine storm is substantial. While early intervention has improved survival during the cytokine storm, those that survive can enter a state of chronic immunoparalysis defined by transient lymphopenia and functional deficits of surviving cells. Memory CD8 T cells provide rapid cytolysis and cytokine production following re-encounter with their cognate antigen to promote long-term immunity, and CD8 T cell impairment due to sepsis can pre-dispose individuals to re-infection. While the acute influence of sepsis on memory CD8 T cells has been characterized, if and to what extent pre-existing memory CD8 T cells recover remains unknown. Here, we observed that central memory CD8 T cells (TCM) from septic patients proliferate more than those from healthy individuals. Utilizing LCMV immune mice and a CLP model to induce sepsis, we demonstrated that TCM proliferation is associated with numerical recovery of pathogen-specific memory CD8 T cells following sepsis-induced lymphopenia. This increased proliferation leads to changes in composition of memory CD8 T cell compartment and altered tissue localization. Further, memory CD8 T cells from sepsis survivors have an altered transcriptional profile and chromatin accessibility indicating long-lasting T cell intrinsic changes. The sepsis-induced changes in the composition of the memory CD8 T cell pool and transcriptional landscape culminated in altered T cell function and reduced capacity to control L. monocytogenes infection. Thus, sepsis leads to long-term alterations in memory CD8 T cell phenotype, protective function and localization potentially changing host capacity to respond to re-infection.
Ssl2/TFIIH function in transcription start site scanning by RNA polymerase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Vvedenskaya Irina O , Lai William KM , Basu Shrabani , Pugh B Franklin , Nickels Bryce E , Kaplan Craig D
Published: October 2021

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) selects transcription start sites (TSSs) by a unidirectional scanning process. During scanning, a preinitiation complex (PIC) assembled at an upstream core promoter initiates at select positions within a window ~40–120 bp downstream. Several lines of evidence indicate that Ssl2, the yeast homolog of XPB and an essential and conserved subunit of the general transcription factor (GTF) TFIIH, drives scanning through its DNA-dependent ATPase activity, therefore potentially controlling both scanning rate and scanning extent (processivity). To address questions of how Ssl2 functions in promoter scanning and interacts with other initiation activities, we leveraged distinct initiation-sensitive reporters to identify novel ssl2 alleles. These ssl2 alleles, many of which alter residues conserved from yeast to human, confer either upstream or downstream TSS shifts at the model promoter ADH1 and genome-wide. Specifically, tested ssl2 alleles alter TSS selection by increasing or narrowing the distribution of TSSs used at individual promoters. Genetic interactions of ssl2 alleles with other initiation factors are consistent with ssl2 allele classes functioning through increasing or decreasing scanning processivity but not necessarily scanning rate. These alleles underpin a residue interaction network that likely modulates Ssl2 activity and TFIIH function in promoter scanning. We propose that the outcome of promoter scanning is determined by two functional networks, the first being Pol II activity and factors that modulate it to determine initiation efficiency within a scanning window, and the second being Ssl2/TFIIH and factors that modulate scanning processivity to determine the width of the scanning widow.
Section Translation: Improving Mobile Translation (Arctic Knot Conference 2021)
Authors: Asikin-Garmager Eli , Aharoni Amir E. , Giner Pau , Gkountas Nik
Published: October 2021

Content Translation has been used since 2015 by more than 78,000 editors to create over 800,000 Wikipedia articles. Section Translation aims to bring the option of translation to mobile editors, and can be used to expand existing articles. The session will present a brief history of the research and design process that led to Section Translation, as well as recent research done on the experiences of early adopters. It will conclude with a short demo of Section Translation.
Testis development in the Japanese eel is affected by photic signals through melatonin secretion
Authors: Hyeon Ji-Yeon , Byun Jun-Hwan , Kim Eun-Su , Heo Yoon-Seong , Fukunaga Kodai , Kim Shin-Kwon , Imamura Satoshi , Kim Se-Jae , Takemura Akihiro , Hur Sung-Pyo
Published: October 2021

Objective

According to reported spawning characteristics of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, which exhibit spawning and migration patterns that are synchronized with lunar cycles and photoperiod, we hypothesized that a close association exists between specific photic signals (daylight, daylength, and moonlight) and endocrinological regulation. Given the photic control in melatonin secretion, this hypothesis was tested by investigating whether melatonin signals act as mediators relaying photic signals during testis development in the eel.

Methods

We examined changes in melatonin-secretion patterns using time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays in sexually immature and mature male Japanese eels under the condition of a new moon (NM) and a full moon (FM).

Results

The eye and plasma melatonin levels exhibited a nocturnal pattern under a 12-h light: dark cycle (12L12D) or under constant darkness (DD), but not with constant light (LL). Eye melatonin levels were similar under the 12L12D and short-day (9L15D) conditions. In the long-day condition (15L9D), secreted plasma melatonin levels were stable, whereas short-day melatonin secretion began when darkness commenced. Sexual maturation began at 8 weeks following intraperitoneal injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and NM exposure led to significantly higher eye and plasma melatonin levels compared with those detected under FM exposure.
The beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive function in community-dwelling older persons with locomotive syndrome
Authors: Nakamura Misa , Imaoka Masakazu , Hashizume Hiroshi , Tazaki Fumie , Hida Mitsumasa , Nakao Hidetoshi , Omizu Tomoko , Kanemoto Hideki , Takeda Masatoshi
Published: October 2021

Background

Cognitive decline is closely related to motor decline. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as a state associated with a high risk of requiring support because of locomotive organ disorders, and can be evaluated using a questionnaire. This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of daily goal-targeted exercise on cognitive function in two different populations classified by scores on the Locomo 25 questionnaire.

Methods

Seventy community-dwelling older people who participated in a 13-week health class were divided into two populations based on Locomo 25 scores: <7 (non-LS) and ≥7 (LS). Participants were presented with a daily target steps and worked towards that goal. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Average daily physical activity (exercise [Ex]) for 13 weeks was measured using a portable activity meter. Depression status was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15).

Results

No significant differences were observed in age, years of education, body mass index, smooth muscle mass index, GDS-15 scores, or ACE-R scores between the non-LS and LS populations. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Ex (odds ratio = 5.01, p = 0.002) for 13 weeks was significantly associated with increased cognitive function in the LS population. The Ex threshold for the increase in cognitive function based on receiver operating curve analysis was 2.29 metabolic equivalents of task (METs) × h (METs · h/day) (p = 0.047) in the LS population. After 13 weeks, ACE-R scores were significantly higher in the Ex ≥ 2.29 than in the Ex < 2.29 METs · h/day group (p = 0.024, ηp2 = 0.241) in the LS population based on two-way analysis of covariance. Furthermore, a significant increase in the ACE-R memory domain was seen in the Ex ≥ 2.29 group (p = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.213).

Conclusions

These results suggest that Ex ≥ 2.29 METs · h/day is important for improving cognitive function in LS populations.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THANDAGAVATHAM (LUMBAR SPONDYLOSIS) TO ASSESS THE LIFESTYLE FACTORS IN PATIENTS
Authors: Mahalakshmi K , Kumari H Vetha Merlin , Sofia H Nalini , Kantham T Lakshmi , Kumari R Meena
Published: October 2021

Lumbar Spondylosis in earlier days used to be an ailment of people in their 60s and above. In recent years this trend is changing. Many lifestyle factors are blamed for this transition. Yet the factors are different for each population. In National Institute of Siddha Hospital, Lumbar spondylosis is one of the most common ailments for which patient visits OPD. Hence, A cross-sectional study was carried out to get an idea about which of those factors were common in the Thandagavatham patients visiting this hospital. Aim: To establish the most common lifestyle factors in Thandagavatham patients reporting at Ayothidoss Pandithar hospital OPD, National Institute of Siddha. Materials and methods: All the patients with a known history of Thandagavatham (Lumbar Spondylosis) were screened for this study. After obtaining informed consent, about 200 people were questioned to know about their lifestyle. Data was collected using the pre-designed questionnaire. The frequency for each factor was obtained after feeding the data in MS excel software. Result: Out of 14 factors considered in the study, age, menopause, BMI, socioeconomic status, exercise, history of falls were common among the study population.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON BODY CONSTITUTION (DHEGA ILAKKANAM) IN UTHIRAVATHA SURONITHAM (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS)
Authors: Mahespriya S , Kumari H Vetha Merlin , Sofia H Nalini , Kantham T Lakshmi , Kumari R Meena
Published: October 2021

Background: Siddha medicine is an ancient script of medicine has been originated in South India. The concept of the Siddha system is based on fundamental principles of 96 thathuvangal which include five basic elements of the Universe, Udal thadhugal, and Uyir thadhugal etc. The physical health of the human body is maintained by three humors vathm, pitham, kabam which are the basic vital forces of humans. Udaliyal assessment is an essential tool, to diagnose any variation in the three vital forces. This study was to evaluate the body constitution in Uthiravatha Suronitham (Rheumatoid arthritis). This study was conducted in the outpatient department maruthuvam, Ayothidoss pandithar hospital, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai. 50 Uthiravatha Suronitham patients were selected to analyze the body constitution of Uthiravatha suronitham disease. The study details were collected by using the questionnaire in the data collection questionnaire. vathakaba thegi and vathapitha thegi body constitutions were more prone to Uthiravatha suronitham disease. The traits of thega illakanam, can be used for the line of treatment to the Uthiravatha suronitham patients along with dietary habits, behavioural modifications. etc.
EFFECT OF YOGA ON STRESS: A REVIEW
Authors: Kumari Navedita , Pathak Anupam
Published: October 2021

Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress is not always bad; stress is a natural human response to the press when faced with challenging and sometimes dangerous situations. Stress is your body’s response to changes in your life. Because life involves constant change ranging from every day, routine changes like commuting from home to work to adapt to major life changes like marriage, divorce, or death of a loved one—there is no avoiding stress. It is a subjective and unpleasant feeling of distress. Every one of us irrespective of our age, sex, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, whether living in rural or urban areas face stress. Yoga is an ancient science, which originated in India and many studies have found that yoga and pranayama can be practised to manage and combat stress. Yoga is a form of exercise which is about 5000 years old and originated in India. The word yoga is derived from “Yuj” which means union or joining. It is a dynamic expression of life in terms of how joyful, loving and enthusiastic you are.
Effect of Organics and Inorganic on Seed Priming Techniques on Seed quality Parameters in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum)
Authors: Mounika N. , Chaurasia A. K. , Karkeeta Anitha
Published: October 2021

The experiment was following to examine the “Effect of Organics and Inorganics on Seed priming techniques on Seed quality parameters in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum)” the during of 2020-2021 at the seed testing laboratory department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini, SHUATS, Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh). Fenugreek seeds treat with a soaked seed that is T₀ (Control). Hydro priming (Soaked with distilled water for 12 hours), Botanical leaf extracts (Neem leaf extract, Moringa leaf extract, Curry leaf extract) soaked for 6 hours, Inorganic (NaCl, Kcl, KnO₃) @ 3% for 8 hours with different concentrations, on the seed of Fenugreek. Among these different treatments, all are significant. The result intimate that T₆ KnO₃ @ 3% for 8 hrs got highest and performed well with good Seedling Germination percentage as 96.5%, Root length 8.7 cm, Shoot length 9.3 cm, Seedling length 15.5 cm, Fresh weight of seedlings 1.95g, Dry weight of seedling 0.07 g, Seed vigor Index I 1495.75, Seed vigor Index II 6.755 followed by T₁₂ Moringa leaf extract @ 4% for 6 hrs as compared to other treatments. So, the Seed priming method is a low cost investment. It is beneficial to farmers. It can increase the production of the plants will be gain profit and contribute to the food supply.
Lack of progression of beta dynamics after long‐term subthalamic neurostimulation
Authors: Anderson Ross W. , Wilkins Kevin B. , Parker Jordan E. , Petrucci Matthew N. , Kehnemouyi Yasmine , Neuville Raumin S. , Cassini Declan , Trager Megan H. , Koop Mandy M. , Velisar Anca , Blumenfeld Zack , Quinn Emma J. , Henderson Jaimie , Bronte‐Stewart Helen M.
Published: October 2021

Objective

To investigate the progression of neural and motor features of Parkinson's disease in a longitudinal study, after washout of medication and bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS).

Methods

Participants with clinically established Parkinson's disease underwent bilateral implantation of DBS leads (18 participants, 13 male) within the STN using standard functional frameless stereotactic technique and multi‐pass microelectrode recording. Both DBS leads were connected to an implanted investigative sensing neurostimulator (Activa™ PC + S, Medtronic, PLC). Resting state STN local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded and motor disability, (the Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale – motor subscale, MDS‐UPDRS III) was assessed off therapy at initial programming, and after 6 months, 1 year, and yearly out to 5 years of treatment. The primary endpoint was measured at 3 years. At each visit, medication had been held for over 12/24 h and DBS was turned off for at least 60 min, by which time LFP spectra reached a steady state.

Results

After 3 years of chronic DBS, there were no increases in STN beta band dynamics (p = 0.98) but there were increases in alpha band dynamics (p = 0.0027, 25 STNs). Similar results were observed in a smaller cohort out to 5 years. There was no increase in the MDS‐UPDRS III score.

Interpretation

These findings provide evidence that the beta oscillopathy does not substantially progress following combined STN DBS plus medication in moderate to advanced Parkinson's disease.
Strong Light–Matter Interaction and Spontaneous Emission Reshaping via Pseudo‐Cavity Modes
Authors: Patra Aniket , Caligiuri Vincenzo , Krahne Roman , De Luca Antonio
Published: October 2021

Strong light–matter interaction is usually achieved by embedding a gain medium in a high‐quality (Q)‐factor cavity made with thick external mirrors. The high reflectivity of the mirrors poses, therefore, a trade‐off between pump radiation coupling efficiency and high Q‐factor, thus preventing the use of optical cavities in photonic contexts where the photosensitive element necessitates to be readily accessible. Here, this long‐standing problem is overcome by engineering “Pseudo‐Cavity Modes” (PCM) in a Metal/Dielectric Open Cavity (MDOC) system that has been commonly thought to be incapable to show resonances. The MDOC system lets the embedded fluorophore exposed to radiation, opening to strong light/matter interaction. To prove this: i) exciton/PCM strong coupling regime, with 160 meV Rabi splitting, ii) photoluminescence enhancement by more than 7 times, and iii) polarized and angle‐dependent spontaneous emission are experimentally and theoretically demonstrated. The proposed system holds great potential envisioning scenarios like cavity‐enhanced photovoltaics, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, open‐cavity lasers, photoluminescence steering and polarization.
Mimicking Melanopsin Behavior with Integrated Photoregulated Memory
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Seo Hyungtak
Published: October 2021

Melanopsin is an essential element in the human eye, sensing optical light, indeed beyond the function of rods and cones, and contributing largely to non‐image‐forming functions like learning behavior, emotions, and maintaining sun cycle. Mimicking melanopsin behavior using an optoelectronic device could be an essential step toward the advancement of future technologies, including data storage applications and artificial vision. This research proposes and illustrates the mimicking of the primitive functions of melanopsin in a manner very similar to the human eye retina by using an integrated Schottky photodetector and an HfO2‐based memory device. Particularly, current–voltage curves show nominal hysteresis loop opening under dark conditions, whereas stable analog hysteresis loops form with light illumination, which is regulated progressively by increasing the intensity. Based on photoconductive atomic force microscopy and charge transport measurements, the charge trapping/detrapping is estimated to be associated with the light‐regulated hysteresis loop opening. Specifically, versatile synaptic functions are stimulated artificially with an optical pulse, which is sustained over a long period of time even after removing the light, indeed very similar to melanopsin behavior. The optically regulated properties described herein pave the way for the development of artificial optoelectronic melanopsin, artificial biological electronics, soft robotics, and data storage applications.
Photocatalytic Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition of Activated Chlorides to Alkenes
Authors: Kostromitin Vladislav S. , Zemtsov Artem A. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: October 2021

A protocol for performing atom transfer radical addition of activated alkyl chlorides to alkenes is described. The reaction is promoted by blue light in the presence of an organic photocatalyst (3DPA2FBN), serving to generate free radicals, and a copper complex (IMesCuCl), which facilitates the chlorine transfer step. The reaction works efficiently with fluorinated and non‐fluorinated α‐chloroesters.

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Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Pyrazolinone Ketimines
Authors: Miao An‐Qi , Zhou Meng , Chen Jing‐Long , Wang Shi‐Chao , Hao Wen‐Juan , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: October 2021

An asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to pyrazolinone ketimines is reported using palladium/chiral N,N′‐disulfonyl bisimidazoline (Bim) catalytic system, producing 25 examples of enantioenriched 4‐amino‐5‐pyrazolones bearing one quaternary carbon stereocenter with 60–91% yields and 81–98% ee. The reaction demonstrates remarkable compatibility regarding pyrazolinone ketimines and arylboronic acids, rendering an enantioselective access to chiral aza‐heterocycles bearing α‐tertiary amines.

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Brønsted Acid Catalyzed (3+2)‐Cycloaddition of Thioketones and Indole‐2‐Carbinols Toward Thiazolo[3,4‐a]indoles
Authors: Sachse Florian , Schneider Christoph
Published: October 2021

Herein, we report a Brønsted acid catalyzed approach to access the yet unknown heterocyclic motif of thiazolo[3,4‐a]indoles in a one‐pot reaction under very mild conditions. A broad range of thiazolo[3,4‐a]indoles was generated from indole‐2‐methanols and thioketones with 45–99% yield and good functional group tolerance. The practicality of the process and the synthetic potential of the products were demonstrated with an upscaling experiment and further transformations. Additional control experiments provided mechanistic insights into this cycloaddition.

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A vanadium phosphorus oxide catalyst synthesized in rotating packed bed for high‐efficiency selective oxidation of n‐butane
Authors: Wang Bao‐Ju , Dai Fei , Jiang Lan , Zhang Ruirui , Chu Guang‐Wen , Liu Ruixia , Luo Yong
Published: October 2021

Oxidation of n‐butane to produce maleic anhydride (MA) by the vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst is important for the fine chemical industry. However, the improvement in MA yield exceeding 60% is still a big challenge. In this article, a VPO catalyst with increased MA yield originated from the tailored structure of VPO precursor prepared in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor with excellent micro‐mixing efficiency. The activated VPO‐RPB catalyst displayed the coexistence of X1‐VOPO4 and αI‐VOPO4 phases and enhanced reducibility of V4+ state. Remarkably, the MA yield in n‐butane oxidation catalyzed by VPO‐RPB reached up to 66%, showing an increment by 14% compared with VPO‐STR prepared in a stirring tank reactor (STR). The VPO‐RPB showed the repeatable catalytic performance and achieved a promising scale‐up production. This work provides the experimental evidence of a dual‐phase (X1‐VOPO4 and αI‐VOPO4) mechanism for n‐butane oxidation, and reveals the structure–activity dependence of VPO catalyst.
Functional responses to climate change may increase invasive potential ofCarpobrotus edulis
Authors: G. Campoy Josefina , Lema Margarita , Fenollosa Erola , Munné‐Bosch Sergi , Retuerto Rubén
Published: October 2021

Premise

Biological invasions and climate change are major threats to biodiversity. It is therefore important to anticipate how the climate changes projected for Southern Europe would affect the ecophysiological performance of the invasive South African plant,Carpobrotus edulis(ice plant or sour fig), and its capacity to undergo rapid adaptive evolution.

Methods

We manipulated the climate conditions in a field plot located on the island of Sálvora (northwest of the Iberian Peninsula) to establish a full factorial experiment withC. edulisplants transplanted from four native (southern African) and four invasive (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) populations. Throughout 14 months we measured growth and functional traits of this species under two temperatures (control vs. increased), and two rainfall levels (control vs. reduced).

Results

Temperature increased photochemical efficiency and relative growth rate ofC. edulis. Rainfall modulated some of the effects of temperature on C and N isotopic composition, and pigment contents. Invasive populations showed lower root mass allocation and higher survival rates, as well as increased water use efficiency, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, and xanthophyll cycle pigment contents than native populations.

Conclusions

The increased growth and physiological performances observed under our experimental conditions suggest that the expected climate changes would further promote the invasion ofC. edulis. Differences between native and invasive genotypes in survival and functional traits revealed that populations have diverged during the process of invasion, what gives support to the invasiveness hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing intraspecific variability in functional responses to better predict how invasive species will respond to environmental changes.
A Click Chemistry Approach to Targeted DNA Crosslinking with cis‐Platinum(II)‐Modified Triplex‐Forming Oligonucleotides
Authors: Hennessy Joseph , McGorman Bríonna , Molphy Zara , Farrell Nicholas P. , Singleton Daniel , Brown Tom , Kellett Andrew
Published: October 2021

Limitations of clinical platinum(II) therapeutics include systemic toxicity and inherent resistance. Modern approaches, therefore, seek new ways to deliver active platinum(II) to discrete nucleic acid targets. In the field of antigene therapy, triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) have attracted interest for their ability to specifically recognise extended duplex DNA targets. Here, we report a click chemistry based approach that combines alkyne‐modified TFOs with azide‐bearing cis‐platinum(II) complexes—based on cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin motifs—to generate a library of PtII‐TFO hybrids. These constructs can be assembled modularly and enable directed platinum(II) crosslinking to purine nucleobases on the target sequence under the guidance of the TFO. By covalently incorporating modifications of thiazole orange—a known DNA‐intercalating fluorophore—into PtII‐TFOs constructs, enhanced target binding and discrimination between target and off‐target sequences was achieved.
Critical Assessment of the Reducing Ability of Breslow‐type Derivatives and Implications for Carbene‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions**
Authors: Delfau Ludivine , Nichilo Samantha , Molton Florian , Broggi Julie , Tomás‐Mendivil Eder , Martin David
Published: October 2021

We report the synthesis of acyl azolium salts stemming from thiazolylidenes CNS, triazolylidenes CTN, mesoionic carbenes CMIC and the generation of their corresponding radicals and enolates, covering about 60 Breslow‐type derivatives. This study highlights the role of additives in the redox behavior of these compounds and unveils several critical misconceptions about radical transformations of aldehyde derivatives under N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. In particular, the reducing ability of enolates has been dramatically underestimated in the case of biomimetic CNS. In contrast with previous electrochemical studies, we show that these catalytic intermediates can transfer electrons to iodobenzene within minutes at room temperature. Enols derived from CMIC are not the previously claimed super electron donors, although enolate derivatives of CNS and CMIC are powerful reducing agents.
Mechanocatalytic Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Ammonia from Its Elements Down to Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Reichle Steffen , Felderhoff Michael , Schüth Ferdi
Published: October 2021

Ammonia synthesis via the high‐temperature and high‐pressure Haber‐Bosch process is one of the most important chemical processes in the world. In spite of numerous attempts over the last 100 years, continuous Haber‐Bosch type ammonia synthesis at room‐temperature had not been possible, yet. We report the development of a mechanocatalytic system operating continuously at room‐temperature and at pressures down to 1 bar. With optimized experimental conditions, a cesium‐promoted iron catalyst was shown to produce ammonia at concentrations of more than 0.2 vol. % for over 50 hours.
The roles of macro‐ and micro‐scale geophysical investigations to guide and monitor excavations at a Middle Woodland site in northern Georgia, USA
Authors: Bigman Daniel P. , Day Dominic J. , Balco William M.
Published: October 2021

Geophysical investigations have become standard in archaeological practice to map sites and help select location for excavation, but the application of these techniques in real time during excavation to help anticipate feature location and maximize recovery has not been developed. This paper presents results from both traditional geophysics and new approaches to using these methods during excavations at Rice Farm (9DW276), a Middle Woodland site located in a broad floodplain adjacent to the Etowah River in north Georgia. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) at the surface was effective in recording reflection events indicative of archaeological features, such as hearths, posts and possibly ditches. Magnetometry was helpful, but less effective due to heavy plough zone scarring and noise from modern metallic debris. High‐frequency handheld GPR was helpful in monitoring excavations in real time and assisted excavators in anticipating the locations of both large and small diameter features. Excavation of geophysical anomalies exposed important features for the interpretation of this newly documented site.