bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structural and metal-to-metal charge transfer properties of cyanide-bridged compound [FeII/III-NC-RuII-CN-FeII/III]
Authors: Wang Yong
Published: January 2022

Cyanide-bridged mixed-valence complexes trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(NC)RuII(tbupy)4(CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]n (n = 2, 3 and 4, respectively, 1–3) were systematically synthesized and characterized in three distinct redox states.
A palladium-catalyzed sequential Heck coupling/C–C bond activation approach to oxindoles with all-carbon-quaternary centers
Authors: Mao Guoliang , Meng Chenxiang , Cheng Fangyuan , Wu Wenbo , Gao Yuan-Yuan , Li Gao-Wei , Liu Lantao
Published: January 2022

Catalytic construction of oxindoles bearing all-carbon-quaternary centers attracts wide attention from the synthetic chemistry community.
Stereoselective synthesis of fused-, spiro- and bridged heterocycles via cyclization of isoquinolinium salts: a recent update
Authors: Das Suven
Published: January 2022

This review highlights novel stereoselective strategies that emerged in the last few years (2014–2021) for the construction of various fused-, spiro- and bridged heterocycles involving bench-stable or in situ generated isoquinolinium salts.
Visible-light-induced direct 3-ethoxycarbonylmethylation of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles in water
Authors: Ma Chun-Hua , Zhao Lu , He Xing , Jiang Yu-Qin , Yu Bing
Published: January 2022

A visible-light-driven rhodamine B-catalyzed transition-metal-free 3-ethoxycarbonylmethylation of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (40 examples) using commercially available α-bromoesters was realized in water.
Microwave-induced controlled-isomerization during glucose conversion into lactic acid over a Sn-beta catalyst
Authors: Liu Wang , Zhou Zhimin , Guo Zhaohui , Wei Zhangqian , Zhang Yanfei , Zhao Xinpeng , Miao Gai , Zhu Lijun , Luo Hu , Sun Mengya , Wang Yingxiong , Li Shenggang , Kong Lingzhao
Published: January 2022

Altered fructose tautomeric equilibria and following reverse-isomerization from fructose to glucose enabled a high lactic acid yield of 68.3 wt% over the “monolithic” Sn-beta catalyst, which is attributed to the non-thermal effect of microwave.
Viscosity of a solution of polyelectrolytes near the rod limit
Authors: Izzo Dora
Published: January 2022

Herein, I consider a solution of rodlike polyelectrolytes far from the isotropic–nematic critical concentration and focus on the solution viscosity.
Ultra-small Ru nanoparticles embedded on Fe–Ni(OH)2 nanosheets for efficient water splitting at a large current density with long-term stability of 680 hours
Authors: Liu Huibing , Jia Qiaohuan , Huang Shiqing , Yang Liu , Wang Shitao , Zheng Lirong , Cao Dapeng
Published: January 2022

An electrocatalyst of ultra-small Ru nanoparticles embedded on Fe–Ni(OH)2 nanosheets was prepared for efficient and stable water splitting at a large current density.
High-sensitivity fluorescence detection for lung cancer CYFRA21-1 DNA based on accumulative hybridization of quantum dots
Authors: Yang Ling , Ma Ping’an , Chen Xiaorui , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: January 2022

Schematic illustration of CYFRA21-1 DNA detection based on hybridization chain reaction.
Targeting the innate immune system with nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Zhicheng , Mei Yu , Li Mengmeng , Yang Qingzhu , Wu Qiong , Yang Huanjie , He Liangcan , Liu Shaoqin
Published: January 2022

The innate immune system plays a key role in tumor immunosurveillance and generation of antitumor immune responses. Nanoparticles incorporating therapeutic agents can target innate immune cells or pathways and enhance antitumor immune responses.
Seed/ligand-cooperative growth of dense Au nanospikes on magnetic microparticles for SERS applications
Authors: Zou Bingfang , Wang Yonghui , Zhou Shaomin , Yang Shikuan , Wang Yongqiang
Published: January 2022

The growth of dense Au nanospikes on magnetic microparticles is achieved through a seed/ligand-cooperative strategy, and the prepared magnetic/Au composite microparticles as SERS substrate exhibits fast trace detection of thiram in complex samples.
Perspective on the development of high performance flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters
Authors: Khatua Dipak Kumar , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: January 2022

Overview of the piezoelectric energy harvetsing-materials, device architectures, and different applications.
Achieving two things at one stroke: crystal engineering simultaneously optimizes the emission and mechanical compliance of organic crystals
Authors: Tang Baolei , Li Mengjuan , Yu Xu , Zhang Hongyu
Published: January 2022

Two organic polymorphs with totally different emission and mechanical properties have been designed based on a single benzene emitter. The elastically bendable and plastically twistable polymorph displays lasing potential with CIEy < 0.03.
Scission energy and topology of micelles controlled by the molecular structure of additives
Authors: Mandal Taraknath
Published: January 2022

We employ coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations (MD) to investigate the effects of the molecular structure of additives on the scission energy and morphology of charged micelles.
Identify potential prognostic indicators and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Ting , Gao Ge
Published: January 2022

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a kind of highly malignant tumor and lacks early diagnosis method and effective treatment. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is of great importance for the occurrence and development of PAAD. Thus, a comprehensive overview of genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) related to TME dynamic changes conduce to develop novel therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators.

Methods: We used MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm to analyze the transcriptome RNA-seq data of 182 PAAD cases on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) platform. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, COX regression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were carried out to get the hub genes related to the prognosis of PAAD patients. These core genes were validated in GEPIA. CXCL10 expression as a poor prognostic indicator was validated in GEO database. Finally, CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to understand the status of TICs.

Results: A total of 715 up-regulated differential expression genes (DEGs) and 57 down-regulated DEGs were found simultaneously in stromal and immune groups. These DEGs were mainly enriched in immune recognition, activation and response processes. CD4, CXCL12, CXCL10, CCL5 and CXCL9 were the top five core genes. Then, the validation of these genes showed that CD4, CXCL10, CXCL5, CXCL9 were up-regulated in PAAD. Among the core genes, CXCL10 had a negative correlation with the survival time of PAAD patients. CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells memory activated, macrophages M1 had positive correlation of CXCL10 expression, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages M0 and B cells memory had negative correlation.

Conclusion: We generated a series of genes related to TME with prognostic implications and TICs in PAAD, which have the potential to be novel immunotherapy targets and prognostic markers. The data showed that CXCL10 was favorable as a poor prognostic indicator in PAAD patients.
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Who Stutter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bernard Ria , Hofslundsengen Hilde , Frazier Norbury Courtenay
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are elevated symptoms of anxiety or depression in children and adolescents (aged 2–18 years) who stutter, and to identify potential moderators of increased symptom severity.

Method:

We conducted a preregistered systematic review of databases and gray literature; 13 articles met criteria for inclusion. A meta-analysis using robust variance estimation was conducted with 11 cohort studies comparing symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents who do and do not stutter. Twenty-six effect sizes from 11 studies contributed to the summary effect size for anxiety symptoms (851 participants). Meta-analysis of depression outcomes was not possible due to the small number of studies.

Results:

The summary effect size indicates that children and adolescents who stutter present with increased anxiety symptoms (g= 0.42) compared with nonstuttering peers. There were insufficient studies to robustly analyze depression symptoms, and qualitative review is provided. No significant between-groups differences were reported in any of the depression studies.

Conclusions:

Preliminary evidence indicates elevated symptoms of anxiety in some children and adolescents who stutter relative to peers. There was a tendency toward higher depression scores in this population, although reported between-groups differences did not reach statistical significance. These findings require replication in larger, preferably longitudinal studies that consider factors that may moderate risk. Nevertheless, our findings highlight a need for careful monitoring of mental health and well-being in young people who stutter.

Supplemental Materials:

http://osf.io/5m6zv
The strong influence of management factors on coccidian infections in smallholder pig farms and the first molecular identification ofCystoisospora suisin Myanmar
Authors: Bawm Saw , Chel Hla Myet , Khaing Yadanar , Hmoon Myint Myint , Thein Su Su , Win Shwe Yee , Soe Nyein Chan , Thaw Yu Nandi , Hayashi Naoki , Win Mar Mar , Htun Lat Lat , Nonaka Nariaki , Katakura Ken , Nakao Ryo
Published: January 2022

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate coccidian infection and associated factors in smallholder pigs, and to identifyCystoisosporaoocysts by PCR. A total of 500 pig faecal samples from 330 smallholder farms were collected in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. The faecal flotation method was used to identifyEimeriaandCystoisosporaspecies, and oocyst counts per gram (OPG) of faeces were recorded. Oocysts were differentiated after sporulation. Oocyst DNA was subjected to ITS1-targetedCystoisospora-specific PCR. The overall coccidian oocyst detection rate by microscopic was 89.0% (445/500). Among the studied samples, 74.0% (370/500) and 70.6% (353/500), were found to be positive withEimeriaspp. andCystoisospora suisoocysts, respectively. The sequences ofC. suisdetected were 100% identical to those ofC. suisreported from Japan, and had 99.5% resemblance to sequences from Australia and China. Weaner pigs showed the significantly highest (p < 0.05) OPG when compared to other age groups. The highest intensity of coccidian infection (p < 0.05) was found in pigs fed local feed, pigs raised on earthen floors and pigs under poor hygienic conditions. Factors such as age, breed, feed type, and housing floors were found to be significantly associated with coccidian infection (p < 0.05). Age, as well as management factors including floor type, feed type, and hygiene practices on the farm, had a strong influence on the occurrence of coccidian infection in pigs. This is the first study in Myanmar on coccidian infection in pigs and molecular detection ofC. suis.
Active Vegetarians Show Better Lower Limb Strength and Power than
Active Omnivores
Authors: de Souza Alice Conrado , da Silva Brandão Marcos , Oliveira David Lima , de Carvalho Felipe Garcez , Costa Marcela Larissa , Aragão-Santos José Carlos , do Nascimento Marcus Vinícius Santos , Da Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir , Mendes-Netto Raquel Simões
Published: January 2022

Vegetarian diets have become popular among athletes and active individuals and
can have advantages for physical performance, but the results are still
conflicting regarding muscle strength and power. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the diet and physical performance of vegetarians through tests of
dynamic, isometric, and relative strength; muscle power; and aerobic capacity.
In this cross-sectional study, 32 vegetarians and 26 omnivores, who were
physically active, were evaluated for the Healthy Eating Index and performance
tested back squat, handgrip strength, isometric deadlift strength, jump with
countermovement, and maximum aerobic speed (MAS). Improved diet quality
(63.24±14.40 vs. 54±16.80, p<0.05), greater relative
strength (1.03±0.23 vs. 0.91±0.12, p<0.05), and greater
jump height (43.77±9.91 vs. 38.45±8.92, p<0.05) were
found among vegetarians. No difference was seen in MAS (13.5±2 vs.
11±3, p>0.05) or isometric strength of upper limbs
(77±29 vs. 70±50, p>0.05) and lower limbs (89±41
vs. 97±50, p>0.05). Thus, we conclude that vegetarians and
omnivores show similar performance in strength and aerobic capacity, but in our
sample, vegetarians show higher levels of relative strength and power.
Skeletal Analogues of UCS1025A and B by Cyclization of Maleimides: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Moloney Mark G. , Ibbotson Lewis T. , Christensen Kirsten E. , Genov Miroslav , Pretsch Alexander , Pretsch Dagmar
Published: January 2022

Application of a direct ring-closing approach which exploits an intramolecular aldol reaction with a ketene silyl acetal onto a remote imide function leading to the core skeleton of UCS1025A and B effectively provides access to small library of substituted analogues; of interest is their complete lack of antibacterial activity against MRSA (Gram+) and E. coli (Gram–) bacterial strains.
Lesão do manguito rotador e obesidade: Uma avaliação demográfica e metabólica
Authors: Pansiere Saulo Teixeira , Oliveira Arlane Carvalho de , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Ejnisman Benno , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Andreoli Carlos Vicente
Published: January 2022

Objetivo Analisar a relação da presença e da gravidade da lesão do manguito rotador (MR) com a obesidade e o tempo de exposição à obesidade. De forma secundária, avaliar a relação e a prevalência de fatores demográficos e metabólicos em indivíduos obesos com lesão do MR.

Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 235 pacientes obesos (índice de massa corporal [IMC] ≥ 30 kg/m2). Dados demográficos (idade e gênero), metabólicos (hipertensão, diabetes mellitus, perfil lipídico, e tempo de exposição à obesidade), exame físico (peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal, e testes clínicos), e exame ultrassonográfico musculoesquelético foram utilizados para a análise dos resultados.

Resultados Não foi evidenciada associação da lesão do MR com IMC (p = 0,82), tempo de exposição à obesidade (p = 0,29), ou circunferência abdominal (p = 0,52). No subgrupo com lesão, a idade (p < 0,001), a presença de diabetes melito (p = 0,013), a hipertensão (p < 0,001), o nível de lipoproteína de alta densidade (high-density lipoprotein, HDL, em inglês) (p = 0,026), e o tempo de exposição à obesidade (p < 0,001) foram significativamente maiores em comparação ao subgrupo sem lesão do MR. Na busca por demais parâmetros associados de forma independente para lesão do MR, foram observadas associações com idade (p = 0,0003) e hipertensão (p =0,004).

Conclusão Não evidenciamos associação da obesidade e do tempo de exposição a ela com a ocorrência e a gravidade da lesão do MR. Porém, indivíduos com lesão apresentaram maior tempo de exposição à obesidade e prevalência de disfunções metabólicas do que indivíduos sem lesão. Além disso, nossos achados sugerem uma associação entre hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e idade avançada com a lesão do MR.
Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: A Population-based Comparison of the EUROCARE and SEER Registries
Authors: Temmermand David , Kilic Suat , Mikhael Mina , Butler Jennifer , Unsal Aykut A. ,   EUROCARE-5 Working Group
Published: January 2022

Introduction Sinonasal melanomas are rare tumors with no comparative survival studies between Europe and the US.

Objective To provide a population-based survival analysis between the two continents.

Methods The European Cancer Registry (EUROCARE) and the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases were queried to identify patients diagnosed with sinonasal melanoma between 2000 and 2007. Relative survival (RS) data were grouped by age, gender, geographic region, extent of disease, and treatment modality.

Results A total of 1,294 cases were identified between 2000 and 2007 (935 from EUROCARE-5 and 359 from SEER). Females were most commonly identified in Europe (56.4%) and in the US (54.9%). Patients over the age of 65 years comprised the greatest proportion of patients in Europe (70%) and in the US (71%). By region, Southern Europe had the highest 5-year RS (31.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [21.3–42.5%]), and Eastern Europe the lowest (16.5%, [7.5–28.5%]). The aggregate European 5-year RS was 25.4% [21.8–29.1%] and the U.S. was (29.7%, [23.6–36%]).

Conclusions Although increasing in incidence, sinonasal melanomas remain rare. Women were more commonly affected. The most common age group was those older than 65 years, although age did not confer a prognostic value. The most common subsite was the nasal cavity followed by the maxillary sinus. Five-year RS was similar between continents with an inverse relationship between extent of disease and survival. The treatment of choice throughout Europe and the US remains primarily surgical.
Preliminary Study of the Applicability of Software in the Investigation of Sustained Auditory Attention
Authors: Feniman Mariza Ribeiro , José Maria Renata , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia , Abramides Dagma Venturini Marques , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Salvador Karina Krähembühl , Cavalheiro Maria Gabriela , Maximino Luciana Paula
Published: January 2022

Introduction The use of auditory behavioral tests, which specifically assess sustained attention, is necessary, due to its relationship with learning, language production, cognitive development and school performance.

Objective To evaluate how children performed using software developed to investigate the ability of sustained auditory attention, and to compare the scores obtained in this format with those of the original, non-computerized test.

Methods This cross-sectional study included 52 children of both genders, aged 6 to 11 years, with normal hearing and no history of complaints regarding inattention and/or hyperactivity. The computerized test was administered to all 52 children. The total error score (inattention and impulsivity) and the vigilance decrement were used to define the children's performance when using the software. The scores obtained in the two formats (computer software and original on compact disc) were then compared.

Results Statistically significant differences were found in the scores for innattention, impulsivity, and total error score (inattention and impulsivity) when comparing genders, and a negative correlation coefficient was found when comparing ages. Increased scores were found for all variables of the sustained auditory attention ability test (SAAAT) compared with the original format.

Conclusion Females performed worse than males in all aspects except for vigilance decrement when using the SAAAT software developed to evaluate the ability of SAAAT vigilance; younger children made more errors when using the SAAAT software; inattention errors were more frequent than impulsivity. Overall, higher values were obtained using the SAAAT software, when compared with the original version.
Theoretical investigating mechanisms of drug-resistance generated by mutation-induced changes in influenza viruses
Authors: Luo Song , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Yihui , Duan Lili
Published: January 2022

Influenza A (A/HxNy) is a significant public health concern due to its high infectiousness and mortality. Neuraminidase, which interacts with sialic acid (SIA) in host cells, has become an essential target since its highly conserved catalytic center structure, while resistance mutations have already generated. Here, a detailed investigation of the drug resistance mechanism caused by mutations was performed for subtype N9 (A/H7N9). Molecular dynamics simulation and alanine-scanning-interaction-entropy method (ASIE) were used to explore the critical differences between N9 and Zanamivir (ZMR) before and after R294K mutation. The results showed that the mutation caused the hydrogen bond between Arg294 and ZMR to break, then the hydrogen bonding network was disrupted, leading to weakened binding ability and resistance. While in wild type (A/H7N9WT), this hydrogen bond was initially stable. Mean-while, N9 derived from A/H11N9 was obtained as an R292K mutation. Then the relative binding free energy of N9 with five inhibitors (SIA, DAN, ZMR, G28, and G39) was predicted, basically consistent with experimental values, indicating that the calculated results were reliable by ASIE. In addition, Arg292 and Tyr406 were hot spots in the A/H11N9WT-drugs. However, Lys292 was not observed as a favorable contributing residue in A/H11N9R292K, which may promote resistance. In comparison, Tyr406 remained the hotspot feature when SIA, ZMR, and G28 binding to A/H11N9R292K. Combining the two groups, we speculate that the resistance was mainly caused by the disruption of the hydrogen bonding network and the transformation of hotspots. This study could guide novel drug delivery of drug-resistant mutations in the treatment of A/HxN9.
Magnetic resonance force microscopy with matching frequencies of cantilever and spin
Authors: Berman Gennady P. , Tsifrinovich Vladimir I.
Published: January 2022

We have studied theoretically magnetic resonance force microscopy with a high-frequency nanomechanical cantilever when the cantilever frequency matches the resonant frequency of a single electron spin. Our analysis shows that in this situation, there is a small probability that the cantilever will oscillate with a large frequency shift. This can open new experimental opportunities for increasing the sensitivity in the detection of a single electron spin or even a single nuclear spin by using a high-frequency cantilever.
The spin-heat coupling and enabling applications
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Huang Dingbin , Zhang Chi , Wang Xiaojia
Published: January 2022

Phonons and magnons, which are respectively quanta of lattice vibrations and spin dynamics, are both bosonic quasi-particles and constitute two fundamental collective excitations in condensed-matter physics. The fundamental physics of spin-heat coupling via the interactions between magnons and phonons have attracted much attention in recent years among both experimental and theoretical physicists, given its promising applications in the fields of energy, data storage, and spintronics. In this perspective, we highlight the impacts of magnon–phonon interactions on the thermal and magnetic transport properties of various magnetic materials. Several representative applications will also be discussed as the enabling techniques resulting from such interwoven transport phenomena, including metrology development, magnon contributions to thermal transport and storage, and temperature-dependent magnetic dynamics for recording and spintronic applications.
Energy transfer in multi-funnel systems quantitatively assessed by two-dimensional polarization imaging and single funnel approximation: From single molecules to ensembles
Authors: Shi Juanzi , Camacho Rafael , Scheblykin Ivan G.
Published: January 2022

Two-dimensional polarization imaging (2D POLIM) is an experimental method where correlations between fluorescence excitation- and fluorescence emission-polarization properties are measured. One way to analyze 2D POLIM data is to apply a so-called single funnel approximation (SFA). The SFA allows for quantitative assessment of energy transfer between chromophores with identical spectra [homo-FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer)]. In this paper, we run a series of computer experiments to investigate the applicability of the analysis based on the SFA to various systems ranging from single multichromophoric systems to isotropic ensembles. By setting various scenarios of energy transfer between individual chromophores within a single object, we were able to define the borders of the practical application of SFA. It allowed us to reach a more comprehensive interpretation of the experimental data in terms of uncovering the internal arrangement of chromophores in the system and energy transfer between them. We also found that the SFA can always formally explain the data for isotropic ensembles and derived a formula connecting the energy funneling efficiency parameter and traditional fluorescence anisotropy.
Investigation of dual-band perfect absorption and their hybridization on multilayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) gratings
Authors: Qin Meng , Zhang Yu , Xiao Hai-Xiao , Li Hong-Ju , Fan Chun-Xiao , Wu Feng
Published: January 2022

We investigate the dual-band perfect absorption and their hybridization on multilayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) gratings with metallic substrates by the finite-difference time-domain method and the coupled-mode theory. Numerical results suggest that, under the illumination of the transverse magnetic polarized plane wave, the special multilayer WS2 grating with high refractive index not only allows the circulating-current-drove magnetic resonance but also provides additional wavevectors to excite the plasmonic resonance on the substrate surface simultaneously. Consequently, the dual-band perfect absorption is obtained in the single-port system by two independent critical coupling. The effect of small changes in the grating period, width, and height on spectral positions of absorption peaks is presented. The inherent multiple dielectric resonances on the WS2 grating under the illumination of the transverse electric polarized plane wave are also demonstrated. Intriguingly, the simultaneous existence of angle-independent magnetic resonances and angle-dependent plasmonic resonances gives rise to the obvious hybridization between the two types of resonances under the oblique incidence. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations. The structure under study undoubtedly opens perspectives for enhancing light–matter interactions in two-dimensional materials.
High suitability of tryptophan residues as a spectroscopic thermometer for local temperature in proteins under nonequilibrium conditions
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Mizuno Misao , Mizutani Yasuhisa
Published: January 2022

Vibrational energy flow in the many degrees of freedom in proteins governs energy-barrier-crossing processes, such as conformational exchanges and thermal reactions. The intensity of anti-Stokes Raman bands arises from vibrationally excited populations and can thus function as a selective probe for the excess energy. Time-resolved observations of the anti-Stokes ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) intensity of amino acid residues provide information about the flow of excess energy in proteins, with the spatial resolution of an amino acid residue. The answer to the question of whether the extent of vibrational excitation in any given vibrational modes reflects the extent of excitation in the whole molecule under nonequilibrium conditions is not straightforward. Here, we calculated the occupation probabilities of vibrational states for model compounds of amino acids under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. At a given temperature, the occupation probability of the model compound of tryptophan under nonequilibrium conditions was nearly identical to that under equilibrium conditions at high temperature. Thus, the anti-Stokes band intensities of Trp residues in the nonequilibrium condition indicate the temperature of the molecules with equivalent energy in the equilibrium condition. In addition, we showed that the temperatures calculated on the basis of two UVRR bands of tryptophan in a time-resolved spectrum agreed with each other within the experimental uncertainty. The present results demonstrate that anti-Stokes UVRR bands of Trp residues serve as an excellent spectroscopic thermometer for determining the local temperature in proteins under nonequilibrium conditions.
Silicon-substrate-induced enhancement of infrared light absorption for all-optical magnetic switching
Authors: Davies C. S. , Razdolski I. , Janssen T. , Mishra K. , Tsukamoto A. , Kirilyuk A.
Published: January 2022

Enhancing the strength of optical absorption represents an important route toward improving the energy-efficiency of light-based technologies. Here, we experimentally and numerically explore how silicon substrates—long considered to be mere supporting structures for CMOS-compatible materials—can be exploited to improve optical absorption in the mid- to far-infrared spectral ranges, thus reducing the energy requirement for all-optical switching of magnetization. We show that infrared illumination of the metal through a 500 μm-thick silicon substrate actually deposits more energy in the metal film (by a factor of almost 3) compared to the conventional approach of illuminating the metal directly. Our results reveal that silicon substrates can actually play a crucial role in the efficient optical delivery of energy to functional materials and will find application in a wide range of experiments and technologies involving mid- and far-infrared light.
Seven days ex vivo perfusion of whole ewe ovaries with follicular maturation and oocyte retrieval: towards the development of an alternative fertility preservation method
Authors: Tsiartas Panagiotis , Mateoiu Claudia , Deshmukh Meghshree , Banerjee Debashish , Padma Arvind M. , Milenkovic Milan , Gandolfi Fulvio , Hellström Mats , Patrizio Pasquale , Akouri Randa
Published: January 2022

Fertility preservation methods for prepubertal women about to undergo gonadotoxic chemo and/or radiation therapy are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility to develop an alternative fertility preservation method based on an ex vivo perfusion platform for whole ewe ovaries. Thirteen ewe ovaries were divided into two groups (group 1 and 2) that were perfused in a bioreactor for up to 7 days. Group 1 (n = 3) were stimulated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) administered in single daily dose, while group 2 (n = 10) were stimulated continuously for 24 h. The perfused ovaries in group 1 showed no significant differences in follicular density, sub-follicular morphology and oocyte quality after ischaemia and after ex vivo perfusion compared with non-perfused control ovaries. The perfused ovaries in group 2 showed a significant decrease in the follicular reserve and oocyte quality compared with the control group. In total, 16 GV–MI oocytes were retrieved from both groups. This study describes for the first time the ex vivo maintenance of viable follicles of ewe ovaries with oocyte integrity and the retrieval of oocytes after ex vivo hormonal perfusion with two different protocols for up to 7 days.
Valence opponency in peripheral olfactory processing
Authors: Wu Shiuan-Tze , Chen Jen-Yung , Martin Vanessa , Ng Renny , Zhang Ye , Grover Dhruv , Greenspan Ralph J. , Aljadeff Johnatan , Su Chih-Ying
Published: January 2022

Significance

Are olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) arranged in a functionally meaningful manner to facilitate information processing? Here, we address this long-standing question by uncovering a valence map in the olfactory periphery of
Drosophila
. Within sensory hairs, we find that neighboring ORNs antagonistically regulate behaviors: stereotypically compartmentalized large- and small-spike ORNs, recognized by their characteristic spike amplitudes, either promote or inhibit the same type of behavior, respectively. Systematic optogenetic and thermogenetic assays—covering the majority of antennal sensilla—highlight a valence-opponent organization. Critically, odor-mixture behavioral experiments show that lateral inhibition between antagonistic ORNs mediates robust behavioral decisions in response to countervailing cues. Computational modeling predicts that the robustness of behavioral output depends on odor mixture ratios.
Framing karstology
Authors: Vintar Špela , Martinc Matej
Published: January 2022

We describe the creation of a knowledge base in the field of karstology using the frame-based approach. Apart from providing a new multilingual resource using manually annotated definitions as the source of structured information, the main focus is on exploring text mining methods to identify targeted knowledge structures in specialised corpora. The first stage of this process is the design of a domain model and its implementation in a definition annotation task. Once annotation is completed, an analysis of typical co-occurrence patterns between semantic categories and the relations describing them allows us to discern ideal definition templates. We demonstrate that such templates contribute to a more comprehensive and structured representations of concepts, but also help us design targeted text mining experiments to retrieve new semantic relations from text. Two such experiments are presented, the first using intersections of word embeddings to identify words expressing a specific semantic relation, and the second using the embedding of the semantic relation to extract multiword units which contain the target relation. Results suggest that the proposed methods are promising for capturing the semantic properties of relations in frame-based knowledge modelling.
Effect of high-temperature ECAP on grain coarsening and refinement
Authors: Li Guisheng , Fang Ming , Xu Gaoshan , Sun Rui , Chen Changhua , Zhang Mingya , Li Jinghui
Published: January 2022

Multi-pass equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) experiments were carried out on extreme-cooled 7055 aluminium alloy at 400°C. The microstructure of 7055 aluminium alloy was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results reveal two distinct grain sizes: some coarsened grains exist in the microstructure, and most fine grains are distributed near and inside the coarse grains. The deformation texture is weakened, the recrystallisation texture is enhanced, and the recrystallisation texture {124} 〈211〉 (R) is more sensitive to strain. The refined grains are mainly mechanically refined by large shear deformation, the coarsened grains be formed by sub-grain merging and growth at high temperatures.
Low regularity extensions beyond Cauchy horizons
Authors: Lesourd M , Minguzzi E
Published: January 2022

We prove that if in a C
0 spacetime a complete partial Cauchy hypersurface has a non-empty Cauchy horizon, then the horizon is caused by the presence of almost closed causal curves behind it or by the influence of points at infinity. This statement is related to strong cosmic censorship and a conjecture of Wald. In this light, Wald’s conjecture can be formulated as a PDE problem about the location of Cauchy horizons inside black hole interiors.
Electron vacancy-level dependent hybrid photoionization of the F−@

C60+

molecule: a novel effect
Authors: Ali Esam , O’Brien Taylor , Dennis Andrew , El-Amine Madjet Mohamed , Manson Steven T , Chakraborty Himadri S
Published: January 2022

Our previous studies (Shields et al 2020 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 53 125101; Shields et al 2020 Euro. Phys. J. D
74 191) have predicted that the atom-fullerene hybrid photoionization properties for X = Cl, Br and I endohedrally confined in C60 are different before and after an electron transfers from C60 to the halogen. It was further found as a rule that the ionization dynamics is insensitive to the C60 level the electron originates from to produce X
−@

C

60

+

. In the current study, we report an exception to this rule in F@C60. It is found that when the electron vacancy is situated in the C60 level that participates in the hybridization in F−@

C

60

+

, the mixing becomes dramatically large leading to strong modifications in the photoionization of the hybrid levels. This novel effect is fundamentally based on a level-crossing phenomenon driven by the electron transfer in F@C60. But when the vacancy is at any other pure level of C60, the level-invariance is retained showing weak hybridization. Even though this case of F@C60 is an exception in the halogen@C60 series, the phenomenon can be more general and can occur with compounds of other atoms caged in a variety of fullerenes. Possible experimental studies are suggested to benchmark the present results.
Advanced functional magnetic microwires for technological applications
Authors: Zhukov Arcady , Corte-Leon Paula , Gonzalez-Legarreta Lorena , Ipatov Mihail , Blanco Juan Maria , Gonzalez Alvaro , Zhukova Valentina
Published: January 2022

Several routes allowing the development of low-cost magnetic microwires coated by insulating, flexible, and biocompatible glass coating with tunable magnetic properties are overviewed. Amorphous microwires can present excellent magnetic softness, the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect, and fast domain wall (DW) propagation. A high GMI effect, obtained even in as-prepared Co-rich microwires, can be further improved by appropriate heat treatment (including conventional annealing, stress-annealing, and Joule heating). Although as-prepared Fe-rich amorphous microwires exhibit a low GMI ratio, stress-annealing and combined stress-annealing followed by conventional furnace annealing allow substantial GMI ratio improvement (more than an order of magnitude). Magnetic softening and GMI effect improvement related to nanocrystallization are observed in Finemet-type Fe-rich microwires. The DW dynamics of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe, Co, and Ni-based microwires with spontaneous and annealing-induced magnetic bistability are thoroughly analyzed, paying attention to the influence of magnetoelastic, induced, and magnetocrystalline anisotropies. Minimizing the magnetoelastic anisotropy by choosing low magnetostrictive compositions or by appropriate annealing is a suitable route to optimize the DW dynamics in magnetic microwires. Further DW dynamics can be achieved by stress annealing, allowing a more favorable distribution of magnetic anisotropy. Single DW dynamics in microwires with nanocrystalline structures is analyzed. Current-driven DW dynamics is observed in Co-rich microwires with annealing-induced magnetic bistability. Crystalline magnetic microwires can present various versatile properties, such as magnetic hardening, the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect or the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). Magnetic and transport properties of crystalline microwires are influenced by structure and chemical composition. Actual and prospective application scenarios of magnetic microwires and future developments are briefly overviewed.
Plasma-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes directly grown on stainless steel meshes as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Pajootan Elmira , Ye Minnan , Zhang Muyang , Niroumandrad Sogol , Omanovic Sasha , Coulombe Sylvain
Published: January 2022

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) directly grown on a stainless steel mesh were functionalized using a fast, solvent-free radiofrequency (RF) plasma technique. Two different gas mixtures of Ar/C2H6/O2 and Ar/C2H6/N2 were used to add oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups to the surface of MWCNTs. The binder-free forest-like MWCNTs before and after functionalization were tested as supercapacitor electrodes. The structural and electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes were evaluated. The RF power (10–30 W) and functionalization time (1–20 min) were optimized to achieve the highest capacitance. Both nitrogen- and oxygen-functionalized MWCNTs showed improved capacitive behavior due to the presence of the functional groups on the MWCNT surface. The highest capacitance was obtained for the MWCNT electrode functionalized with the RF plasma employing the Ar/C2H6/O2 gas mixture at 20 W for 15 min, reaching the specific capacitance of 37.3 ± 1.1 mF cm−2 (196.3 ± 5.8 F g−1).
Suppression of impurity magnetization by the saddle points
Authors: Tang Xue-Yu , Zhang Yun , Ding Kai-He
Published: January 2022

We study the localized magnetic states of an impurity in the semi-Dirac-like system where the saddle point (SP) is present. It is found that with increasing the saddle point energy (SPE), the impurity magnetization region diminishes greatly, and reaches a minimum at the SPE equal to the impurity energy. When continuing to increase the SPE, the impurity magnetization region rapidly becomes large. Correspondingly, an explicit decrease with the SPE close to the impurity energy is also observed in the magnetic moment of the impurity. This suppression behavior for the magnetization of the impurity can be understood from the SP induced mitigation of asymmetry on the density of state at impurity energy. In contrast, when the SP vanishes, due to the opening of the gap, the magnetic region exhibits a monotonous decay when the conduction band edge goes up through the impurity energy. The combined effect of the SP and the Coulomb interaction at the impurity on the local magnetization is also investigated.
A hidden feature label propagation method based on deep convolution variational autoencoder for fault diagnosis
Authors: She Bo , Wang Xuan
Published: January 2022

Vibration signal of mechanical component usually exhibits non-linear and non-stationary characteristics, the key step of fault diagnosis is to extract discriminant features hidden in the vibration signal, in order to improve diagnostic performance and identify new fault class, a novel fault diagnosis method of hidden feature label propagation based on deep convolution variational autoencoder (HFLPDCVA) is proposed. Firstly, the raw vibration signal is transformed into frequency spectrum data by using fast Fourier transform as the input of the model. Secondly, the variational autoencoder is used to construct the convolutional neural network, and the non-fixed dropout parameter is fused to change the network to improve the identification of network hidden layer features. Finally, the label propagation algorithm is applied to process the hidden features of the full connection layer, and the local common features between the unknown label samples and the known label samples are extracted to predict the class of unknown label samples, including the new emerge fault class. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on bearing fault data sets under variable working conditions and damage data sets of self-priming centrifugal pump under a single working condition. Experimental results show that the proposed HFLPDCVA method can effectively extract the fault characteristics of the vibration signal, and it also has a significantly higher recognition accuracy rate than other typical deep learning methods and traditional classifiers.
Current trends and opportunities in the methodology of electrodermal activity measurement
Authors: Tronstad Christian , Amini Maryam , Bach Dominik R , Martinsen Ørjan G
Published: January 2022

Electrodermal activity (EDA) has been measured in the laboratory since the late 1800s. Although the influence of sudomotor nerve activity and the sympathetic nervous system on EDA is well established, the mechanisms underlying EDA signal generation are not completely understood. Owing to simplicity of instrumentation and modern electronics, these measurements have recently seen a transfer from the laboratory to wearable devices, sparking numerous novel applications while bringing along both challenges and new opportunities. In addition to developments in electronics and miniaturization, current trends in material technology and manufacturing have sparked innovations in electrode technologies, and trends in data science such as machine learning and sensor fusion are expanding the ways that measurement data can be processed and utilized. Although challenges remain for the quality of wearable EDA measurement, ongoing research and developments may shorten the quality gap between wearable EDA and standardized recordings in the laboratory. In this topical review, we provide an overview of the basics of EDA measurement, discuss the challenges and opportunities of wearable EDA, and review recent developments in instrumentation, material technology, signal processing, modeling and data science tools that may advance the field of EDA research and applications over the coming years.
Modeling and simulations of ultra-intense laser-driven bremsstrahlung with double-layer targets
Authors: Formenti A , Galbiati M , Passoni M
Published: January 2022

High-energy bremsstrahlung emission can occur owing to electron scattering in the nuclei or ions Coulomb field following the relativistic-electron generation in high-intensity laser interaction with plasmas. Such emission of photons in the keV–MeV energy range is of interest to characterize the relativistic-electron populations and develop laser-based photons sources. Even if it is a well-established and widely studied emission process, its modeling in laser-plasma scenarios needs further investigation. Moreover, advanced near-critical double-layer targets (DLTs), consisting in a low-density foam deposited on a thin solid substrate, have never been explored extensively for bremsstrahlung photon emission. Therefore, in this paper, we show the rationale, advantages, limitations, application regime, and complementarity of different modeling approaches and apply them to the unconventional configuration based on DLTs. We use multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations coupled with a Monte Carlo strategy to simulate bremsstrahlung in two ways: integrated into the PIC loop itself or after the simulation with two separate codes. We also use simplified semi-analytical relations to retrieve the photon properties starting only from information on the relativistic electrons. With these tools, we investigate bremsstrahlung emission when an ultra-intense laser (0.8 µm wavelength, 30 fs duration,

a
0

=
20

and 3 µm waist) interacts with DLTs having different properties. Despite some limitations of the numerical tools, we find that all approaches significantly agree on the characteristics of ~1–100 MeV photon emission. This points to the possibility of adopting the different modeling approaches in a complementary way while at the same time identifying the best suited for a specific scenario. Regardless, DLTs appear to overall boost the high energy photon emission while at the same time enabling control of the emission itself.
High-performance Ba1−x
K
x
Fe2As2 superconducting joints for persistent current operation
Authors: Zhu Yanchang , Wang Dongliang , Wang Qiqi , Zhang Zhan , Guo Wenwen , Huang He , Ma Hongjun , Liu Fang , Liu Huajun , Ma Yanwei
Published: January 2022

High-performance superconducting joints are the key to achieving persistent-mode magnets. Herein, the superconducting joints between Ba1−x
K
x
Fe2As2 (BaK-122) superconducting tapes were prepared by a simple cold-pressing method, and the joint resistance of the iron-based superconducting joint was estimated by field-decay method for the first time. Via the scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and x-ray computed tomography (XCT) measurements, it is found that the joint sample CP80 shows fine performance. At 4.2 K and 10 T, a transport critical current I
c of 105 A for the joint sample CP80 was measured, and the critical current ratio (CCR = Ijoint c/Itape c) of the joint was 94.6%. On the other hand, the joints exhibit a pretty low joint resistance of 2.7 × 10−13 Ω in self-field at 4.2 K. Among iron-based superconductors, we are the first to estimate the accurate resistance of iron-based superconducting joint by the field-decay method. All these show the great prospective to apply BaK-122 in a series of practical applications that require superconducting joints as key components.