bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphometric analysis of Ciliwung river and identification of suitable locations to build artificial dams for flood mitigation
Authors: Alatas Husin , Pawitan Hidayat , Syafiuddin Achmad
Published: November 2021

Flood caused by overflowing water from river has become a major issue in Southeast Asia, as it has caused economic losses and deaths. Therefore, the present work aims to propose an alternative approach for morphometric analysis of the Ciliwung River Upper Stream (CRU) without the geographic information system technique use for flood prevention strategy application. For the river network simulation, an agent‐based model having several rules in terms of agent, landscaping, and action was adopted. In addition, the river morphometric characteristics, namely, river network, river order, bifurcation ratio, length‐order ratio, fractal dimension, watershed density, and river capacity were estimated. It was found that the proposed technique was able to estimate the river morphometric characteristics of CRU. CRU has the river order, bifurcation ratio, length‐order ratio, fractal dimension, watershed density, and river capacity of 4, 1.1–2.5, 0.6–1.1, 1.84, 0.01 km km–2, and 1,404,060 L, respectively. It was also identified four suitable locations to build artificial dams for flood prevention strategy by employing the presently proposed technique. The proposed artificial dams with heights ranging from 10 m to 25 m demonstrated to have capability to prevent flood in the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia.
Introduction: Urban Inequality and Segregation in Europe and China
Authors: Pryce Gwilym , Chen Yu , Wang Ya Ping
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, we set out the rationale and key themes for the book. We briefly summarise the broad historical and institutional context, particularly the period of reformin China since 1978, and the background to the hukouhousehold registration system, which has become a key source of segregation and inequality in modern China. We then provide an overview of the book including a synopsis of each chapter and the various links between them. We conclude with a call for further research and evidence-based policy innovation.
Introduction and Motivation
Authors: Taudt Christopher
Published: November 2021

The electronics industry with all its branches such as semiconductors, organic-electronics and the photovoltaics industry, is continuously growing in terms of its economic as well as its technological influence, [1]. This trend is fostered by the ongoing integration of various electronic functionalities in fields such as energy generation & distribution, transport & mobility as well as in consumer goods. Over three decades, electronic and semiconductor products as well as processes were driven by Moores law, [2].
Possible discrepancies between cosmological and electroweak observables in Higgs Inflation
Authors: Rodrigues Jamerson G. , Benetti Micol , Alcaniz Jailson S.
Published: November 2021

Abstract

In this work, we revisit the non-minimally coupled Higgs Inflation scenario and investigate its observational viability in light of the current Cosmic Microwave Background, Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and type Ia Supernovae data. We explore the effects of the Coleman-Weinberg approximation to the Higgs potential in the primordial universe, connecting the predictions for the Lagrangian parameters at inflationary scales to the electroweak observables through Renormalization Group methods at two-loop order. Initially, we find that electroweak scale measurements may be dissonant to the limits obtained from the cosmological data sets used in the analysis. Specifically, an ≈ 8σ-discrepancy between the inflationary parameters and the value of the Monte Carlo reconstructed top quark mass is found. However, considering the most recent results obtained by the CMS Collaboration from differential cross-section measurements of the top quark production a good agreement is obtained.
Steady states of holographic interfaces
Authors: Bachas Constantin , Chen Zhongwu , Papadopoulos Vassilis
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We find stationary thin-brane geometries that are dual to far-from-equilibrium steady states of two-dimensional holographic interfaces. The flow of heat at the boundary agrees with the result of CFT and the known energy-transport coefficients of the thin-brane model. We argue that by entangling outgoing excitations the interface produces thermodynamic entropy at a maximal rate, and point out similarities and differences with double-sided black funnels. The non-compact, non-Killing and far-from-equilibrium event horizon of our solutions coincides with the local (apparent) horizon on the colder side, but lies behind it on the hotter side of the interface. We also show that the thermal conductivity of a pair of interfaces jumps at the Hawking-Page phase transition from a regime described by classical scatterers to a quantum regime in which heat flows unobstructed.
Latent variable and clustering methods in intersectionality research: systematic review of methods applications
Authors: Bauer Greta R. , Mahendran Mayuri , Walwyn Chantel , Shokoohi Mostafa
Published: November 2021

Purpose

An intersectionality framework has been increasingly incorporated into quantitative study of health inequity, to incorporate social power in meaningful ways. Researchers have identified “person-centered” methods that cluster within-individual characteristics as appropriate to intersectionality. We aimed to review their use and match with theory.

Methods

We conducted a multidisciplinary systematic review of English-language quantitative studies wherein authors explicitly stated an intersectional approach, and used clustering methods. We extracted study characteristics and applications of intersectionality.

Results

782 studies with quantitative applications of intersectionality were identified, of which 16 were eligible: eight using latent class analysis, two latent profile analysis, and six clustering methods. Papers used cross-sectional data (100.0%) primarily had U.S. lead authors (68.8%) and were published within psychology, social sciences, and health journals. While 87.5% of papers defined intersectionality and 93.8% cited foundational authors, engagement with intersectionality method literature was more limited. Clustering variables were based on social identities/positions (e.g., gender), dimensions of identity (e.g., race centrality), or processes (e.g., stigma). Results most commonly included four classes/clusters (60.0%), which were frequently used in additional analyses. These described sociodemographic differences across classes/clusters, or used classes/clusters as an exposure variable to predict outcomes in regression analysis, structural equation modeling, mediation, or survival analysis. Author rationales for method choice included both theoretical/intersectional and statistical arguments.

Conclusion

Latent variable and clustering methods were used in varied ways in intersectional approaches, and reflected differing matches between theory and methods. We highlight situations in which these methods may be advantageous, and missed opportunities for additional uses.
Refined cut selection for benders decomposition: applied to network capacity expansion problems
Authors: Brandenberg René , Stursberg Paul
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present a new perspective on cut generation in the context of Benders decomposition. The approach, which is based on the relation between the alternative polyhedron and the reverse polar set, helps us to improve established cut selection procedures for Benders cuts, like the one suggested by Fischetti et al. (Math Program Ser B 124(1–2):175–182, 2010). Our modified version of that criterion produces cuts which are always supporting and, unless in rare special cases, facet-defining. We discuss our approach in relation to the state of the art in cut generation for Benders decomposition. In particular, we refer to Pareto-optimality and facet-defining cuts and observe that each of these criteria can be matched to a particular subset of parametrizations for our cut generation framework. As a consequence, our framework covers the method to generate facet-defining cuts proposed by Conforti and Wolsey (Math Program Ser A 178:1–20, 2018) as a special case. We conclude the paper with a computational evaluation of the proposed cut selection method. For this, we use different instances of a capacity expansion problem for the european power system.
The potential role of diffusion weighted imaging in the diagnosis of early carotid and vertebral artery dissection
Authors: Almohammad Mohammad , Dadak Mete , Götz Friedrich , Donnerstag Frank , Tryc Anita Blanka , Mahmoudi Nima , Wattjes Mike P.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To investigate the role of the diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the acute dissection of internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) and assessing the length of intramural hematoma (IMH), caused by dissection.

Methods

We analyzed 28 patients presenting with a dissection of the ICA and/or VA with respect to the presence of high signal intensity areas on DWI suggestive of dissection and 20 control subjects without arterial dissection, some with and some without atherosclerotic lesions. ICA or VA dissection was defined by clinical and imaging, computed tomography angiography (CTA), MR angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings. The length of DWI hyperintensity was compared to length of the occlusion or stenosis on the angiographic examination.

Results

In 28 patients, 30 dissected arteries were analyzed. Time intervals from the onset of the first clinical symptoms to the radiological evaluation ranged from 1.5 h to 42 days. In 28 (93%) of the dissections, a high signal intensity of the affected artery was present on DWI. The measurement of the dissection length on DWI compared to DSA showed a mean deviation of 2.7 mm and a standard deviation of 3.7 mm.

Conclusion

DWI is a highly sensitive and valuable pulse sequence for the detection of dissected cervical arteries even in the first hours after symptom onset. In contrast to CTA and MRA, DWI can be a potential tool for a reliable measurement of the dissection length.
Comparison of risk assessment in 1652 early ER positive, HER2 negative breast cancer in a real-world data set: classical pathological parameters vs. 12-gene molecular assay (EndoPredict)
Authors: Jank Paul , Lindner Judith Lea , Lehmann Annika , Pfitzner Berit Maria , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Horst David , Kronenwett Ralf , Denkert Carsten , Schmitt Wolfgang Daniel
Published: November 2021

Background

Risk assessment on the molecular level is important in predictive pathology to determine the risk of metastatic disease for ERpos, HER2neg breast cancer. The gene expression test EndoPredict (EP) was trained and validated for prediction of a 10-year risk of distant recurrence to support therapy decisions regarding endocrine therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy. The EP test provides the 12-gene Molecular Score (MS) and the EPclin-Score (EPclin), which combines the molecular score with tumor size and nodal status. In this project we investigated the correlation of 12-gene MS and EPclin scores with classical pathological markers.

Methods

EndoPredict-based gene expression profiling was performed prospectively in a total of 1652 patients between 2017 and 2020. We investigated tumor grading and Ki67 cut-offs of 20% for binary classification as well as 10% and 30% for three classes (low, intermediate, high), based on national and international guidelines.

Results

410 (24.8%) of 1652 patients were classified as 12-gene MS low risk and 626 (37.9%) as EPclin low risk. We found significant positive associations between 12-gene MS and grading (p < 0.001), EPclin and grading (p = 0.001), 12-gene MS and Ki67 (p < 0.001), and EPclin and Ki67 (p < 0.001). However, clinically relevant differences between EP test results, Ki67 and tumor grading were observed. For example, 118 (26.3%) of 449 patients with Ki67 > 20% were classified as low risk by EPclin. Same differences were seen comparing EP test results and tumor grading.

Conclusion

In this study we could show that EP risk scores are distributed differentially among Ki67 expression groups, especially in Ki67 low and high tumors with a substantial proportion of patients with EPclin high risk results in Ki67 low tumors and vice versa. This suggests that classical pathological parameters and gene expression parameters are not interchangeable, but should be used in combination for risk assessment.
Sequent Calculi for the Propositional Logic of HYPE
Authors: Fischer Martin
Published: November 2021

In this paper we discuss sequent calculi for the propositional fragment of the logic of HYPE. The logic of HYPE was recently suggested by Leitgeb (Journal of Philosophical Logic 48:305–405, 2019) as a logic for hyperintensional contexts. On the one hand we introduce a simple $$\mathbf{G1}$$

G
1

-system employing rules of contraposition. On the other hand we present a $$\mathbf{G3}$$

G
3

-system with an admissible rule of contraposition. Both systems are equivalent as well as sound and complete proof-system of HYPE. In order to provide a cut-elimination procedure, we expand the calculus by connections as introduced in Kashima and Shimura (Mathematical Logic Quarterly 40:153–172, 1994).
Numerical approximation of the scattering amplitude in elasticity
Authors: Barceló Juan A. , Castro Carlos
Published: November 2021

We propose a numerical method to approximate the scattering amplitudes for the elasticity system with a non-constant matrix potential in dimensions $$d=2$$

d
=
2

and 3. This requires to approximate first the scattering field, for some incident waves, which can be written as the solution of a suitable Lippmann-Schwinger equation. In this work we adapt the method introduced by Vainikko (Res Rep A 387:3–18, 1997) to solve such equations when considering the Lamé operator. Convergence is proved for sufficiently smooth potentials. Implementation details and numerical examples are also given.
Changes in physical activity levels and relationship to balance performance, gait speed, and self-rated health in older Swedish women: a longitudinal study
Authors: Papp Marian E. , Grahn-Kronhed Ann Charlotte , Rauch Lundin Hans , Salminen Helena
Published: November 2021

Background and aim

Physical activity levels in older people often decrease and may mean impaired physical functioning leading to an increased fall risk. The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported change in physical activity dose and deterioration in balance performance, gait speed, and self-rated health (SRH) in older women between two time points in a follow-up study.

Methods

A cohort of community-living women, aged 69–79 years (n = 351) were evaluated by questionnaire and clinical tests on balance, gait speed, and SRH at baseline. One hundred and eighty-six women were followed-up by these tests 8.5 years after inclusion. The non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–WhitneyUtest were used for the analysis.

Results

The greatest changes were seen in one-leg standing time (OLST) with eyes closed (− 60%) and eyes open (− 42%). The population was divided into high exercise (HE,n = 49) and low exercise (LE,n = 51) groups. At baseline the HE group had an OLST of 19 s with eyes open and 3 s with eyes closed. In the LE group, these values were 7.3 s and 2 s. At follow-up, differences between HE and LE concerning tandem walk forwards (steps) (HE = 8.5; LE = 2.5) and backwards (HE = 11; LE = 3.5) emerged. The HE group estimated SRH (VAS-scale) 30 mm higher at baseline and 17 mm higher at follow-up than the LE group.

Conclusion

Greater physical activity seems to be an important predictor for maintaining physical function and SRH in older women.
Decision making framework for autonomous vehicles driving behavior in complex scenarios via hierarchical state machine
Authors: Wang Xuanyu , Qi Xudong , Wang Ping , Yang Jingwen
Published: November 2021

With the development of autonomous car, a vehicle is capable to sense its environment more precisely. That allows improved drving behavior decision strategy to be used for more safety and effectiveness in complex scenarios. In this paper, a decision making framework based on hierarchical state machine is proposed with a top-down structure of three-layer finite state machine decision system. The upper layer classifies the driving scenario based on relative position of the vehicle and its surrounding vehicles. The middle layer judges the optimal driving behavior according to the improved energy efficiency function targeted at multiple criteria including driving efficiency, safety and the grid-based lane vacancy rate. The lower layer constructs the state transition matrix combined with the calculation results of the previous layer to predict the optimal pass way in the region. The simulation results show that the proposed driving strategy can integrate multiple criteria to evaluate the energy efficiency value of vehicle behavior in real time, and realize the selection of optimal vehicle driving strategy. With popularity of automatic vehicles in future, the driving strategy can be used as a reference to provide assistance for human drive or even the real-time decision-making of autonomous driving.
Friends of Freedom
Authors: Alpaugh Micah
Published: November 2021

From the Sons of Liberty to British reformers, Irish patriots, French Jacobins, Haitian revolutionaries and American Democrats, the greatest social movements of the Age of Atlantic Revolutions grew as part of a common, interrelated pattern. In this new transnational history, Micah Alpaugh demonstrates the connections between the most prominent causes of the era, as they drew upon each other's models to seek unprecedented changes in government. As Friends of Freedom, activists shared ideas and strategies internationally, creating a chain of broad-based campaigns that mobilized the American Revolution, British Parliamentary Reform, Irish nationalism, movements for religious freedom, abolitionism, the French Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and American party politics. Rather than a series of distinct national histories, Alpaugh shows how these movements jointly responded to the Atlantic trends of their era to create a new way to alter or overthrow governments: mobilizing massive social movements.
Resilience through Synergy? The Legal Complex in Sri Lanka’s Constitutional Crisis
Authors: Samararatne Dinesha
Published: November 2021

What types of institutional dynamics and conditions allow constitutional resilience in the face of attempts at undermining gains in a constitutional democracy? Using Sri Lanka as a case-study, I claim that the legal complex acting in synergy with independent public institutions (the Speaker of the Parliament) and civil society can produce constitutional resilience. Synergy between the legal complex and these institutions can transform constitutional vulnerability into constitutional resilience. I argue therefore that the legal complex theory must be extended to consider the ways in which it can work in synergy with other public institutions in being resilient against attempts at rolling back gains for constitutional democracy. I argue further that synergy between the legal complex and formal and informal institutions over the short term can only result in “simple” constitutional resilience. The development of “reflexive” constitutional resilience requires long-term synergy between the legal complex and other public institutions.
Transport equations for the normalized nth-order moments of velocity derivatives in grid turbulence
Authors: Tang S.L. , Antonia R.A. , Djenidi L.
Published: November 2021

Transport equations for the normalized moments of the longitudinal velocity derivative

${F_{n + 1}}$

(here,

$n$

is

$1, 2, 3\ldots$

) are derived from the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations for shearless grid turbulence. The effect of the (large-scale) streamwise advection of

${F_{n + 1}}$

by the mean velocity on the normalized moments of the velocity derivatives can be expressed as

$C_1 {F_{n + 1}}/Re_\lambda$

, where

$C_1$

is a constant and

$Re_\lambda$

is the Taylor microscale Reynolds number. Transport equations for the normalized odd moments of the transverse velocity derivatives

${F_{y,n + 1}}$

(here,

$n$

is 2, 4, 6), which should be zero if local isotropy is satisfied, are also derived and discussed in sheared and shearless grid turbulence. The effect of the (large-scale) streamwise advection term on the normalized moments of the velocity derivatives can also be expressed in the form

$C_2 {F_{y,n + 1}}/Re_\lambda$

, where

$C_2$

is a constant. Finally, the contribution of the mean shear in the transport equation for

${F_{n + 1}}$

can be modelled as

$15 B/Re_\lambda$

, where

$B$

(

$=S^*{S_{s,n + 1}}$

) is the product of the non-dimensional shear parameter

$S^*$

and the normalized mixed longitudinal-transverse velocity derivatives

${{S_{s,n + 1}}}$

; if local isotropy is satisfied,

$S_{s,n + 1}$

should be zero. These results indicate that if

${F_{n + 1}}$

,

${F_{y,n + 1}}$

and

$B$

do not increase as rapidly as

$Re_\lambda$

, then the effect of the large-scale structures on small-scale turbulence will disappear when

$Re_\lambda$

becomes sufficiently large.
27b. Sous-Commission des Etoiles Variables dans les Amas: 4. Proposals
Authors: Hogg Helen Sawyer
Published: November 2021

Detre asks that observatories with globular cluster plates not being used for the study of variables make them available to astronomers interested in the problem. He mentions specifically being handicapped by work published on period changes in M 15 for which the observations are not available.

Detre suggests that more attention be paid to period changes in a Centauri because this cluster can be resolved to its very center.
Address by the Representative of The U.S. National Academy of Sciences
Authors: Menzel Donald H.
Published: November 2021

Professor Detlev Bronk, President of the National Academy of Sciences, joins me in extending the Academy’s welcome to you—our friends and colleagues of many countries. We are grateful to you for having come so far to share with us your friendship and your knowledge.

Dr Bronk and I wish that we could adequately express the many special reasons why the friendly associations of international gatherings such as this give so much pleasure to American Scientists. It is in part because we Americans have so recently come from your native lands. The brothers of your fathers built our nation. Your ancestors are our ancestors too.

Another reason for a feeling of close association stems from the fact that our science has grown from seeds imported by our teachers who first studied in your lands. From the days of Franklin on, we have had a deep debt of gratitude for this friendly nurturing of our scientific education.
Scientific Results of U.S. Space Probe Measurements
Authors: Sonett C.P.
Published: November 2021

The survey nature of rocket study of cosmic hydromagnetics suggests that space-probe data be considered chronologically. In short, the experiments consist primarily of verification or denial of hitherto postulated models, substantiation of surface observations, and findings in some cases implying so great a deviation from current ideas that repetition of the experiment is suggested.
Two-stage submodular maximization problem beyond nonnegative and monotone
Authors: Liu Zhicheng , Chang Hong , Ma Ran , Du Donglei , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: November 2021

We consider a two-stage submodular maximization problem subject to a cardinality constraint and k matroid constraints, where the objective function is the expected difference of a nonnegative monotone submodular function and a nonnegative monotone modular function. We give two bi-factor approximation algorithms for this problem. The first is a deterministic $\left( {{1 \over {k + 1}}\left( {1 - {1 \over {{e^{k + 1}}}}} \right),1} \right)$-approximation algorithm, and the second is a randomized $\left( {{1 \over {k + 1}}\left( {1 - {1 \over {{e^{k + 1}}}}} \right) - \varepsilon ,1} \right)$-approximation algorithm with improved time efficiency.
Dying for a Cause: Meaning, Commitment, and Self-Sacrifice
Authors: Kauppinen Antti
Published: November 2021

Some people willingly risk or give up their lives for something they deeply believe in, for instance standing up to a dictator. A good example of this are members of the White Rose student resistance group, who rebelled against the Nazi regime and paid for it with their lives. I argue that when the cause is good, such risky activities (and even deaths themselves) can contribute to meaning in life in its different forms – meaning-as-mattering, meaning-as-purpose, and meaning-as-intelligibility. Such cases highlight the importance of integrity, or living up to one's commitments, in meaningful living, or dying, as it may be, as well as the risk involved in commitment, since if you die for a bad cause, you have only harmed yourself. However, if leading a more rather than less meaningful life benefits rather than harms you, there are possible scenarios in which you yourself are better off dying for a good cause than living a longer moderately happy life. This presents a version of a well-known puzzle: what, then, makes dying for a cause a self-sacrifice, as it usually seems to be? I sketch some possible answers, and critically examine relevant work in empirical psychology.
The Meaning of Pain and the Pain of Meaning: A Bio-Hermeneutical Inquiry
Authors: Manea Teodora
Published: November 2021

My main interest here is to look at pain as a sign of the body that something is wrong. I will argue that there is a meaning of pain before and after an illness is diagnosed. An illness contains its own semantic paradigm, but the pain before the diagnosis affects the pace of life, not only by limiting our interactions, but also as a struggle with its meaning and a reminder of mortality.

My main approach is what I call bio-hermeneutics, an extension of medical hermeneutics branching out from the Continental hermeneutical tradition. As such, I will explore the connection between pain and language, temporality, dialectics, and ontology. Given the centrality of language in constructing the meaning of pain, my analysis is informed by the semantics (looking at pain metaphors), syntax (pain as incoherence), and pragmatics (pain as companion) of expressing pain.

The last section explores the meaning of pain in connection with death, as memento mori. Revisiting an old definition of philosophy asmelete thanatou, or ‘rehearsal of death’, I will reflect on the difficulty of finding meaning not only for pain, but also for death as cessation of all existential possibilities.
Can We Measure the Badness of Death for the Person who Dies?
Authors: Schramme Thomas
Published: November 2021

I aim to show that the common idea according to which we can assess how bad death is for the person who dies relies on numerous dubious premises. These premises are intuitive from the point of view of dominant views regarding the badness of death. However, unless these premises have been thoroughly justified, we cannot measure the badness of death for the person who dies. In this paper, I will make explicit assumptions that pertain to the alleged level of badness of death. The most important assumption I will address is the assignment of a quantitative value of zero to death, which leads to the conclusion that there are lives not worth living for the affected person. Such a view interprets the idea of a live worth living in quantitative terms. It is in conflict with actual evaluations of relevant people of their lives.
Professionelle Personalentwicklung in einer heterogenen Trägerlandschaft der Kindertagesbetreuung
Authors: Strehmel Petra
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Personalentwicklung in Kindertageseinrichtungen ist eine zentrale Voraussetzung zur Sicherung und Weiterentwicklung der pädagogischen Qualität. Die Zuständigen für das Personal bei den Trägern handeln im Kontext ihrer jeweiligen Organisationen, die im System der Kindertagesbetreuung u.a. hinsichtlich ihrer Größe oder der Haupt- oder Ehrenamtlichkeit der Trägerverantwortlichen sehr heterogen aufgestellt sind. Daher stellt sich die Frage, unter welchen organisationalen Voraussetzungen die Träger eine professionelle Personalarbeit leisten. Analysen des Forschungsstandes, der Trägerlandschaft sowie der Befunde einer qualitativen multiplen Fallstudie kommen zu dem Schluss, dass auch kleine und ehrenamtlich geführte Träger die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung des Personals professionell gestalten können, wenn sie das Unterstützungssystem aus Dachverbänden nutzen.
„Mitarbeiter zu bewegen, gehört zu meinem täglichen Brot“
Authors: Wieland Michael , Knauf Helen
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Veränderung ist zu einem Kernelement der Arbeit in Kindertageseinrichtungen geworden. Der stattfindende Umbauprozess von einer Betreuungs- zu einer Bildungseinrichtung sowie der quantitative Ausbau der Kindertagesbetreuung geben dabei den Rahmen der Veränderung vor; in der Folge wandeln sich beispielsweise Aufgabenprofile, Organisationsstrukturen und Tagesabläufe. In diesem Veränderungsprozess haben Leitungen eine Schlüsselrolle inne. Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht deshalb der Frage nach, welche Veränderungen Leitungskräfte erleben und wie sie mit diesen umgehen. Die Analyse von 16 qualitativen Interviews mit Leitungskräften von Kindertageseinrichtungen zeigt, wie komplex die Herausforderungen sind, denen diese heute begegnen. Die Fähigkeit, Veränderungsprozesse zu gestalten, zu begleiten und umzusetzen, wird von den Befragten als zentrale Anforderung an ihre Leitungsrolle wahrgenommen. Zentral ist dabei die Aufgabe, Vorgaben von außen in das Kita-Team einzubringen und diese bei der Entwicklung eines praktischen Umgangs mit den Vorgaben zu begleiten. Dabei werden Kita-Leitungen zu Change Agents, die für die Umsetzung der Veränderung verantwortlich sind.
Zur Bedeutung des pädagogischen Settings für die Interaktionsqualität von Kindern im Kindergarten
Authors: Kluczniok Katharina , Schmidt Thilo
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Studien zeigen signifikante Unterschiede in der Qualität pädagogischer Prozesse in Abhängigkeit vom Setting in Kindertageseinrichtungen auf. Bezogen auf die Qualität kindlicher Interaktionen liegen für Deutschland jedoch noch keine empirischen Erkenntnisse vor. Der Beitrag untersucht daher die Bedeutung des pädagogischen Settings (didaktische Phase, Gruppenstruktur, Rolle der Fachkraft), in das die Kinder eingebunden sind, für die Interaktionsqualität von Kindern im Kindergarten. Mittels Kovarianzanalysen wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich Unterschiede in der Interaktionsqualität von Kindern in Abhängigkeit des pädagogischen Settings zeigen. Die Studie wurde im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts Interaktionsqualität von Kindern im Kindergarten durchgeführt. Die Stichprobe umfasst 253 Kinder, die sich zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung im zweiten Kindergartenjahr befanden. Die Qualität der Interaktionen der Kinder wurde über das standardisierte Beobachtungsinstrument inCLASS Pre-K (Individualized Classroom Assessment Scoring System; Downer et al., 2010 ) erhoben. Das pädagogische Setting wurde zeitlich synchron mit dem Instrument Zielkindbeobachtung (ZiKiB; Kuger, Pflieger & Roßbach, 2006 ) erfasst. Die Qualität der Interaktionen der Kinder mit pädagogischen Fachkräften und Peers war im Mittel eher niedrig. In Freispielphasen zeigte sich eine höhere Interaktionsqualität der Kinder mit ihren Peers. In Dyaden und Kleingruppen fiel die Interaktionsqualität der Kinder z.T. niedriger aus als in anderen Gruppensettings. Signifikant höher war sie bei Scaffolding-affinem Verhalten der Fachkräfte. Die Ergebnisse weisen nur bedingt Konsistenzen zum bisherigen internationalen Forschungsstand auf. Gründe dafür werden diskutiert.
Die inhaltsanalytische Bilanz einer Dekade
Authors: Berth Felix , Schneider Hanna
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Der Beitrag betrachtet die Entwicklung der Zeitschrift Frühe Bildung im ersten Jahrzehnt ihres Erscheinens. Mit einem inhaltsanalytischen Instrumentarium wird nachgezeichnet, was die Autorenschaft der Zeitschrift kennzeichnete, welche Methoden in den Beiträgen verwendet und welche thematischen Schwerpunkte gesetzt wurden. Die Analyse des Korpus, der 177 Artikel aus den Jahren 2011 bis 2020 umfasst, weist darauf hin, dass die anfänglich dominierende psychologische Ausrichtung auf Seiten der Autor_innen durch eine stärkere Präsenz von pädagogischen Wissenschaftler_innen abgelöst wurde. Damit ging eine Zunahme qualitativer Forschungsdesigns einher; dennoch blieben quantitative Methoden in der Frühen Bildung vorherrschend. Thematisch standen der kindliche Kompetenzerwerb sowie die Praxis der Kindertageseinrichtungen im Vordergrund; deutlich seltener wurden Arbeiten publiziert, die sich mit Ausbildungsfragen oder eigenständigen Kinderperspektiven befassten.
Eine bibliometrische Analyse
Authors: Weimer Verena , Tunger Dirk , Heck Tamara , Rittberger Marc
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Anlässlich des zehnten Jubiläums der Zeitschrift skizziert der Beitrag die Wirkung der Zeitschrift anhand bibliometrischer Analysen. Die deskriptiven Analysen geben einen Überblick über die Autor_innen und Beitragsarten der Zeitschrift. Referenzanalysen zeigen das wissenschaftliche Netzwerk der Autor_innen der Frühen Bildung auf. Zitationsanalysen geben einen Überblick darüber, wie das Wissen aus Frühe Bildung im Forschungsfeld weitergetragen wird. Zur Untersuchung werden die Verlags- sowie Zitations- und Referenzdaten aus dem Web of Science herangezogen.
Aviation Psychology – Applied Methods and Techniques
Authors: Biede-Straussberger Sonja
Published: November 2021

This collection of chapters on the latest methods and tools for applied research in aviation psychology guides the diverse range of professionals working within aviation on how to adapt flexibly to the continuously evolving requirements of the aeronautical landscape. Experts from the industry and academia explore selected applications, ranging from aviation system engineering to bridging the gap between research and industrialization, safety culture, training and examination. Psychological tools are explored, including designing biocybernetic adaptive systems, predictive automation, and support for designing the human role in future human–machine teaming concepts. Special chapters are dedicated to spatial disorientation, reactivity, stress, eye-tracking, electrodermal and cardiac assessment under the influence of G forces. This is essential reading for aviation psychologists, human factors practitioners, engineers, designers, operational specialists, students and researchers in academia, industry, and government. The practitioners and researchers working in other safety critical domains (e.g., medicine, automotive) will also find the handbook valuable.
The Environmental Conditions Behind the Formation of Small (subLCL) Clouds
Authors: Altaratz Orit , Koren Ilan , Agassi Eyal , Hirsch Eitan , Levi Yoav , Stav Nir
Published: November 2021

SubLCL clouds are defined here as clouds that form below the estimated lifting condensation level (LCL), on days that are predicted to be cloud‐free. On more than 50% of those days we observed clouds. Measurements of thermodynamic and sky conditions are used here together with numerical simulations to study subLCL clouds’ formation. It was previously demonstrated that humidified parcels in mid‐boundary layer (BL) are likely to be the driving mechanism. We found the height of the LCL above the BL top and the RH near the BL top to be good predictors of the appearance of these clouds. In addition, the average change in RH in the rising parcels that form them was found to have a specific constant value (4.4  0.2[%] per 100 m of elevation). This value enables the prediction of subLCL clouds’ formation on days that rising parcels can reach saturation while moving up in the BL.
Inhibition of cathepsin K sensitizes oxaliplatin-induced apoptotic cell death by Bax upregulation through OTUB1-mediated p53 stabilization in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Seo Seung Un , Woo Seon Min , Kim Shin , Park Jong-Wook , Lee Hyun-Shik , Bae Young-Seuk , Kim Sang Hyun , Im Seung-Soon , Seo Ji Hae , Min Kyoung-jin , Kwon Taeg Kyu
Published: November 2021

Cathepsin K is highly expressed in various types of cancers. However, the effect of cathepsin K inhibition in cancer cells is not well characterized. Here, cathepsin K inhibitor (odanacatib; ODN) and knockdown of cathepsin K (siRNA) enhanced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in multiple cancer cells through Bax upregulation. Bax knockdown significantly inhibited the combined ODN and oxaliplatin treatment-induced apoptotic cell death. Stabilization of p53 by ODN played a critical role in upregulating Bax expression at the transcriptional level. Casein kinase 2 (CK2)-dependent phosphorylation of OTUB1 at Ser16 played a critical role in ODN- and cathepsin K siRNA-mediated p53 stabilization. Interestingly, ODN-induced p53 and Bax upregulation were modulated by the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial ROS scavengers prevented OTUB1-mediated p53 stabilization and Bax upregulation by ODN. These in vitro results were confirmed by in mouse xenograft model, combined treatment with ODN and oxaliplatin significantly reduced tumor size and induced Bax upregulation. Furthermore, human renal clear carcinoma (RCC) tissues revealed a strong correlation between phosphorylation of OTUB1(Ser16) and p53/Bax expression. Our results demonstrate that cathepsin K inhibition enhances oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis by increasing OTUB1 phosphorylation via CK2 activation, thereby promoting p53 stabilization, and hence upregulating Bax.
UBE2S promotes cell chemoresistance through PTEN-AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gui Liang , Zhang Sicai , Xu Yongzi , Zhang Hongwei , Zhu Ying , Kong Lianbao
Published: November 2021

Ubiquitination displays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as protein degradation, signal transduction, and cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ubiquitination is essential in cancer progression. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is a member of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family of the ubiquitin system and its role in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is largely unknown. We investigated the role of UBE2S in HCC and found UBE2S upregulation is relevant with large tumor size, recurrence, and advanced TNM stage, serving as an independent risk factor of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for HCC patients. We conducted in vitro experiments and found that in HCC cells, UBE2S overexpression increases the resistance to 5-FU and oxaliplatin, while UBE2S knockdown achieves an opposite effect. UBE2S is transcriptionally activated by the binding of FOXM1 to UBE2S promoter, which induces its upregulation and reduces PTEN protein level by promoting PTEN ubiquitination at Lys60 and Lys327 and facilitating AKT phosphorylation. The promotional effect of FOXM1-UBE2S axis on HCC cell chemoresistance is attenuated by allosteric AKT inhibitor, MK2206. In conclusion, our results reveal that UBE2S is a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients, and the FOXM1-UBE2S-PTEN-p-AKT signaling axis might be a promising target for the treatment of HCC.
Non-centrosymmetric superconductor Th$$_4$$Be$$_{{33}}$$Pt$$_{{16}}$$ and heavy-fermion U$$_4$$Be$$_{{33}}$$Pt$$_{{16}}$$ cage compounds
Authors: Koželj P. , Juckel M. , Amon A. , Prots Yu. , Ormeci A. , Burkhardt U. , Brando M. , Leithe-Jasper A. , Grin Yu. , Svanidze E.
Published: November 2021

Unconventional superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric superconductors has attracted a considerable amount of attention. While several lanthanide-based materials have been reported previously, the number of actinide-based systems remains small. In this work, we present the discovery of a novel cubic complex non-centrosymmetric superconductor $${\text {Th}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

Th
4

Be
33

Pt
16

($$I{\bar{4}}3d$$

I

4

¯

3
d

space group). This intermetallic cage compound displays superconductivity below $$T_{\text {c}} = 0.90 \pm 0.04$$

T
c

=
0.90
±
0.04

 K, as evidenced by specific heat and resistivity data. $${\text {Th}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

Th
4

Be
33

Pt
16

is a type-II superconductor, which has an upper critical field $${\text {H}}_{{\text {c}}2} = 0.27$$

H

c
2

=
0.27

 T and a moderate Sommerfeld coefficient $$\gamma _{\text {n}} = 16.3 \pm 0.8$$

γ
n

=
16.3
±
0.8

 mJ $${\text {mol}}^{-1}_{\text {Th}}$$

mol

Th

-
1

 $${\text {K}}^{-2}$$

K

-
2

. A non-zero density of states at the Fermi level is evident from metallic behavior in the normal state, as well as from electronic band structure calculations. The isostructural $${\text {U}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

U
4

Be
33

Pt
16

compound is a paramagnet with a moderately enhanced electronic mass, as indicated by the electronic specific heat coefficient $$\gamma _{\text {n}} = 200$$

γ
n

=
200

 mJ $${\text {mol}}^{-1}_{\text {U}}$$

mol

U

-
1

 $${\text {K}}^{-2}$$

K

-
2

and Kadowaki–Woods ratio $$A/\gamma ^2 = 1.1 \times 10^{-5}$$

A
/

γ
2

=
1.1
×

10

-
5

 $$\upmu $$
μ
 $$\Omega $$
Ω
 cm $${\text {K}}^2$$

K

2

$${\text {mol}}_{\text {U}}^2$$

mol

U

2

 (mJ)$$^{-2}$$

-
2

. Both $${\text {Th}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

Th
4

Be
33

Pt
16

and $${\text {U}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

U
4

Be
33

Pt
16

are crystallographically complex, each hosting 212 atoms per unit cell.
Recent advances of vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics for forensic biological analysis
Authors: Takamura Ayari , Ozawa Takeaki
Published: November 2021

This review describes recent progress of analytical techniques using vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics for biological materials relevant to criminal investigation, including body fluids, hair, soft tissue, bones, and bioagents.
Multifunctional FeS2@SRF@BSA nanoplatform for chemo-combined photothermal enhanced photodynamic/chemodynamic combination therapy
Authors: Feng Miao , Li Meiting , Dai Rui , Xiao Shuting , Tang Junjie , Zhang Xiaoge , Chen Baizhu , Liu Jie
Published: November 2021

A FeS2@SRF@BSA nanoplatform was established for chemo-combined PTT enhanced PDT/CDT to achieve an “all-in-one” therapeutic agent. The designed nanoplatform greatly inhibited the tumor growth and achieved sufficient in vivo antitumor efficacy.
High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at actinide M4,5 and ligand K edges: what we know, what we want to know, and what we can know
Authors: Kvashnina Kristina O. , Butorin Sergei M.
Published: November 2021

More than 10 years have passed since the first uranium M4 HERFD and RIXS experiments in 2009. In this feature article, we describe the progress in actinide M4,5 HERFD and RIXS techniques for probing the actinide electronic structure.
Chiral recognition coupled with chemometrics using boronate ensembles containing D–π–A cyanostilbenes
Authors: Kawaguchi Kaede , Moro Ayana , Kojima Soya , Kubo Yuji
Published: November 2021

Chemometrics-coupled chiral recognition was conducted with boronate ensembles containing D–π–A cyanostilbenes to determine and predict enantiomer excess for guest amines.
Nickel-catalyzed synthesis of Zn(i)–Zn(i) bonded compounds
Authors: Jiang Shengjie , Cai Yanping , Carpentier Ambre , del Rosal Iker , Maron Laurent , Xu Xin
Published: November 2021

The first catalyzed synthesis of Zn(i)–Zn(i) bonded compounds was realized through nickel-catalyzed dehydrocoupling of zinc(ii) hydrides.
Structural features of selenate based {Mo132} keplerate capsules
Authors: Korenev Vladimir S. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Lazarenko Vladimir A. , Abramov Pavel A. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: November 2021

A new structural feature and significant stabilizing effect were found for keplerate-type nanospherical polyoxometalates.
How does excess phenylalanine affect the packing density and fluidity of a lipid membrane?
Authors: Erimban Shakkira , Daschakraborty Snehasis
Published: November 2021

This study provides mechanism of how excess phenylalanine cause detrimental effect on lipid membrane in phenylketonuria (PKU) disease.
N-Heterocyclic carbenes and their precursors in functionalised porous materials
Authors: Wang Yao , Chang Jin-Ping , Xu Rui , Bai Sha , Wang Dong , Yang Guo-Ping , Sun Li-Ying , Li Peng , Han Ying-Feng
Published: November 2021

Recent progress on the synthetic methods, structural features, and promising applications of NHCs and their precursors in functionalised porous materials is summarised.
Correction: Synthesis and functional studies of self-adjuvanting multicomponent anti-HER2 cancer vaccines
Authors: Feng Qi , Yu Xiaoyue , Wang Yixue , Li Shiyang , Yang Yang
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘Synthesis and functional studies of self-adjuvanting multicomponent anti-HER2 cancer vaccines’ by Qi Feng et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 33814–33822, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA06146A.
Computational methods to study enveloped viral entry
Authors: Tuerkova Alzbeta , Kasson Peter M.
Published: November 2021

The protein–membrane interactions that mediate viral infection occur via loosely ordered, transient assemblies, creating challenges for high-resolution structure determination. Computational methods and in particular molecular dynamics simulation have thus become important adjuncts for integrating experimental data, developing mechanistic models, and suggesting testable hypotheses regarding viral function. However, the large molecular scales of virus–host interaction also create challenges for detailed molecular simulation. For this reason, continuum membrane models have played a large historical role, although they have become less favored for high-resolution models of protein assemblies and lipid organization. Here, we review recent progress in the field, with an emphasis on the insight that has been gained using a mixture of coarse-grained and atomic-resolution molecular dynamics simulations. Based on successes and challenges to date, we suggest a multiresolution strategy that should yield the best mixture of computational efficiency and physical fidelity. This strategy may facilitate further simulations of viral entry by a broader range of viruses, helping illuminate the diversity of viral entry strategies and the essential common elements that can be targeted for antiviral therapies.
Chromosome clustering in mitosis by the nuclear protein Ki-67
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Vagnarelli Paola
Published: November 2021

Ki-67 is highly expressed in proliferating cells, a characteristic that made the protein a very important proliferation marker widely used in the clinic. However, the molecular functions and properties of Ki-67 remained quite obscure for a long time. Only recently important discoveries have shed some light on its function and shown that Ki-67 has a major role in the formation of mitotic chromosome periphery compartment, it is associated with protein phosphatase one (PP1) and regulates chromatin function in interphase and mitosis. In this review, we discuss the role of Ki-67 during cell division. Specifically, we focus on the importance of Ki-67 in chromosome individualisation at mitotic entry (prometaphase) and its contribution to chromosome clustering and nuclear remodelling during mitotic exit.