bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolars in a Saudi Population
Authors: Atieh Momen A.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars collected from an indigenous Saudi population.

Methods and Materials

A total of 246 extracted teeth were collected and washed immediately after extraction then stored in 10% formalin solution. The teeth were debrided then dehydrated with ascending concentrations of alcohol and cleared by immersion in methyl salicylate. Visual and radiographic examinations were done to determine the number of roots and canals, and the teeth were transversely sectioned to examine the internal anatomy.

Results

Forty-four teeth (17.9%) had one root, 199 (80.9%) had two roots, and three (1.2%) had three roots. The incidence of Type I canals (one canal) was 8.9% (22 teeth), 89.8% (221 teeth) had two canals (Type II and III), and 1.2% (three teeth) had three canals (Type IV).

Conclusion

This study showed a high incidence of two-rooted and two-canal maxillary first premolars in Saudis. Clinicians should be aware of the different variations in root morphology and canal configuration when performing an endodontic treatment.

Citation

Atieh MA. Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolars in a Saudi Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:046-053.
Epilepsy and the Dental Management of the Epileptic Patient
Authors: Jacobsen Peter L. , Eden Oleksandra
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this article is to educate oral healthcare providers on the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy and seizure disorders. It also shows the impact of epilepsy on the oral cavity and provides suggestions on the dental management of epileptic patients.

Review

Epilepsy and seizure disorders affect 1.5 million Americans. The disease is caused by a number of genetic, physiologic, and infectious disorders as well as trauma. Treatment is primarily pharmaceutical but can also be surgical. The disease itself and the pharmaceutical management often have an impact on the oral cavity. Primary management considerations are the provision of good periodontal care and the restoration of the teeth with stable, strong restorations.

Conclusions

With proper understanding of patients with epilepsy and seizure disorders and their medical treatment, the dental care team can safely and effectively render dental care that will benefit the patient and minimize the risk of oral health problems in the future.

Citation

Jacobsen PL, Eden O. Epilepsy and the Dental Management of the Epileptic Patient. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:054-062.
Oral Adverse Effects Due to the Use of Nevirapine
Authors: Moura Mariela Dutra Gontijo , Senna Maria Inés Barreiros , Madureira Davidson Fróis , Fonseca Linaena Méricy Silva , Mesquita Ricardo Alves
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this article is to present the clinical characteristics and management of an oral adverse effect stemming from the use of the antiretroviral medication Nevirapine (NVP).

Background

NVP is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.

Case Report

A 29-year-old black man, HIV-infected since 1996, began highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir. From 1996 to 2002 several medications were changed due to their adverse effects: indinavir (renal colic and fever), nelfinavir (cutaneous rash), and efavirenz (nausea and temporary memory loss). When the patient presented to our service he was taking NVP, zidovudine, and lamivudine. A whitish plaque in the lips and bilateral buccal mucosa, burning, taste disturbance, and xerostomia were observed. The discontinuation of HAART led to the complete resolution of signs and symptoms. The patient has received follow-up treatment for three years and five months without local or systemic effects observed.

Unfortunately, the clinical features of the oral adverse effect from NVP are not well known. This paper contributed to the identification of possible reactions in the oral cavity due to antiretroviral medication.

Although HAART is very important in the treatment of HIV, its side effects are responsible for patients’ nonadherence to medications. While more studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of action after suspending HAART, the complete resolution of the signs and symptoms was observed. Therefore, physicians and dentists alike must understand how to identify and prevent these adverse effects in order to further improve HIV patient treatments.

Citation

Moura MGD, Senna MIB, Madureira DF, Fonseca LMS, Mesquita RA. Oral Adverse Effects Due to the Use of Nevirapine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:084-090.
Evaluation of the Clinical Behavior of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Primary Molars: A Comparative One-year Study
Authors: Prabhaker A. R. , Raju O. S. , Kurthukoti Ameet J. , Satish V.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate and compare the clinical behavior of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on primary molars with conventional and modified cavity preparations.

Methods and Materials

Forty-two children, 5-9 years of age, having bilateral initial occlusal caries on the mandibular primary second molars were selected for the study. A split mouth design was employed where conventional Class I cavities with a 90° cavosurface angle were prepared randomly on primary second molars on one side and modified cavities with a 1 mm straight bevel along the cavosurface margin on the contra-lateral side. These cavities were restored with RMGIC. The restorations were evaluated during subsequent visits, for a period of one year.

Results

At the end of one year, 90% of the restorations survived in the conventional cavity group whereas 100% of the restorations survived in the modified cavity group.

Conclusion

Incorporation of a bevel in Class I cavities increases the survival rate of RMGIC restorations. There was no significant difference in the clinical behavior between the two groups. However, beveling does contribute to long term clinical success of these restorations.

Clinical Significance

Incorporation of a straight bevel in conventional cavities will improve the retention of RMGIC by increasing the bonding area and enhancing the desired properties of the material.

Citation

Prabhakar AR, Raju OS, Kurthukoti AJ, Satish V. Evaluation of the Clinical Behavior of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Primary Molars: A Comparative One-year Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:130-137.
Evaluating the Effect of a Sloping Shoulder and a Shoulder Bevel on the Marginal Integrity of Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Veneer Crowns
Authors: Jalalian Ezzatollah , Jannati Hamed , Mirzaei Maryam
Published: July 2019

Aim

A porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) veneer crown restoration is considered successful when biological, mechanical, and esthetical concerns are satisfied. Restorations with poor marginal integrity may contribute to the cause of severe caries and periodontal defects. The most important factor in achieving successful marginal integrity is preparation design. Although a sloping shoulder preparation offers biologic and esthetic advantages over a shoulder bevel, a comparison of the marginal integrity of these two designs is less clear and is the main focus of this study.

Methods and Materials

This study was based on the analysis of 40 PFM veneer specimens fabricated on 20 stone dies. Each die had a beveled shoulder on one side of the preparation and a sloping shoulder design on the other. All specimens were selected and managed in an identical manner throughout the entire experimental process. All specimens were fabricated on stone dies made from a standard stainless steel die with the two shoulder designs in the preparation. Marginal integrity of the PFM veneers was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope to measure the gap between the restoration and tooth margin. The data were analyzed using the Student t-test at a significance level of p>0.05.

Results

An average amount of gap (± SD) for the test groups were as follows: shoulder bevel, 40.78±18.4 microns; sloping shoulder, 52.8±27.4 microns (p>0.05). All the data were within acceptable clinical range and no significant difference between two preparation designs were observed.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study the marginal integrity of both preparation designs were found to be similar. Since the sloping shoulder design offers biological and esthetical advantages over the shoulder bevel, its use is indicated for anterior restorations.

Citation

Jalalian E, Jannati H, Mirzaei M. Evaluating the Effect of a Sloping Shoulder and a Shoulder Bevel on the Marginal Integrity of Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Veneer Crowns. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:017-024.
Comparison of the Heat Generation of Light Curing Units
Authors: Bağiş Bora , Bagis Yildirim , Ertas Ertan , Ustaomer Seda
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the heat generation of three different types of light curing units.

Methods and Materials

Temperature increases were recorded from a distance of 1 mm from a thermocouple to the tip of three different types of light curing units including one quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH), one plasma arc (PAC), and one light emitting diode (LED) unit. An experimental model was designed to fix the 1 mm distance between the tip of the light curing units and the thermocouple wire. Temperature changes were recorded in 10 second intervals up to 40 seconds. (10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds). Temperature measurements were repeated three times for every light curing unit after a one hour standby period. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni Test.

Results

The highest temperature rises (54.4±1.65°C) occurred during activation of a PAC light curing unit for every test period (p<.05). The least temperature increase (11.8±1.3°C) occurred with a LED curing unit for each tested period except for the measurement of the temperature rise using the QTH curing unit at the tenth second interval (p<.05).

Conclusion

These results indicate the choice of light activation unit and curing time is important when polymerizing light activated resin based restorations to avoid any thermal damage to the pulp.

Citation

Bagis B, Bagis Y, Ertas E, Ustaomer S. Comparison of the Heat Generation of Light Curing Units. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:065-072.
The Effect of Different Adhesive Systems on the Retention Strength of Bonded Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Moosavi Horieh , Ghavamnasiri Marjaneh
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of bonded amalgam to dentin when unfilled and filled adhesive systems are employed using different application modes and to compare the adhesives with a cavity varnish and unlined restorations.

Methods and Materials

One hundred twenty sound third human molar teeth were used in the study. A cylindrical cavity 3.3 mm in diameter was prepared in a cross section of dentin approximately 3.0 mm in thickness. The specimens were divided into six experimental groups (n=20) according to the cavity liner used in the prepared cylindrical cavity: One Coat Bond™ (O), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose™(S), Panavia 21™ (Pa), PQ1™ (P), Copalite™ (C), and the unlined (U) group which served as the control group. Cavity surfaces were treated with the assigned adhesive/liner according to manufacturer's instructions then restored with amalgam. After storage in saline solution for seven days at 370C, the specimens were subjected to a push-out test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The mode of failure was assessed by microscopic analysis of the fracture sites. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple range tests (α=0.05).

Results

No significant difference in amalgam-dentin bond strength was found among O (23.47 MPa), S (21.02 MPa), and Pa (20.06 MPa) adhesive groups, but there was a significant difference between each of these groups and the P and C groups. The U group exhibited significantly lower retention than the other groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Different bond strengths were observed with the different types of dentin bonding agents and liners employed. The lowest bond strength was seen in the U group.

Clinical Significance

A statistically significant difference in bond strength was observed with O, S, and Pa compared to P, but this finding is not sufficient to rely on the bonding of amalgam to dentin, particularly in complex amalgam restorations.

Citation

Ghavamnasiri M, Moosavi H. The Effect of Different Adhesive Systems on the Retention Strength of Bonded Amalgam Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:097-104.
Regional Odontodysplasia: Report of a Case in the Mandible Crossing the Midline
Authors: Volpoto Luiz , Botelho Giberto , Casela Luiz , Borges Álvaro , Silva Katia
Published: July 2019

Aim

This report presents an unusual case of regional odontodysplasia (RO) in the mandible which crosses the midline along with its clinical management.

Background

RO is an uncommon, nonhereditary unilateral developmental anomaly involving the dental hard tissues, most frequently affecting the maxillary teeth.

Report

RO was diagnosed in a 12-year-old. The dysplastic teeth were the mandibular canines, lateral incisors, central incisors, and the right premolars. The treatment was extraction of the affected teeth followed by provisory prosthetic rehabilitation.

The etiology of RO remains obscure. In this case a possible association with pre-natal trauma is suspected. The literature is not unanimous as to the management of RO. Nevertheless, the presence of a dental abscess is an indication for extraction. Since general bone quality is not affected, a provisory prosthesis was fabricated as the patient waits for future implant rehabilitation. The executed treatment met the expectations of the patient and her mother as it improved the patient's masticatory function, esthetics, and quality of life.

Clinical Significance

The general practitioner must be prepared to deal with different situations in the dental office. The diagnosis of RO relies mainly on clinical and radiographic findings, and its treatment depends on the affected teeth, the severity of the dysplasia, the presence of infection, and the patient's age.

Citation

Volpato L, Botelho G, Casela L, Borges Á, Silva K. Regional Odontodysplasia: Report of a Case in the Mandible Crossing the Midline. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:142-148.
Human Histologic Evaluation of a Six-year-old Threaded Implant Retrieved from a Subject with Osteoporosis
Authors: Piattelli Adriano , Shibli Jamil A. , de Melo Leandro , Lezzi Giovanna , d'Avila Susana , Zenóbio Elton Gonçaives
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this case report was to present the evaluation of the bone-to-implant contact in an implant retrieved from a subject with osteoporosis after six years of load.

Background

Systemic conditions associated with osteoporosis have been postulated to contribute to the severity of alveolar bone loss. The increase in human life expectancy, the increased number of elderly subjects who are partially or totally edentulous, and the use of dental implants for oral habilitation in subjects with osteoporosis has raised several questions.

Report

A 68-year-old woman with postmenopausal osteoporosis received a prosthetic evaluation of an implant-supported restoration. Histologically, the peri-implant bone appeared healthy. The peri-implant bone appeared in close contact with the implant surface, whereas marrow spaces could be detected in other areas along with prominently stained cement lines. The mean of bone-to-implant contact was 62.51±1.96.

Conclusion

The results of the evaluation of the dental implant reported here suggest the presence of osteoporosis may not be a contra-indication for implant placement at least after osseointegration has already been established.

Citation

de Melo L, Piattelli A, Lezzi G, d'Avila S, Zenóbio EG, Shibli JA. Human Histologic Evaluation of a Six-year-old Threaded Implant Retrieved from a Subject with Osteoporosis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:099-105.
Endodontic-periodontic Bifurcation Lesions: A Novel Treatment Option
Authors: Lin Shaul , Tillinger Gabriel , Zuckerman Offer
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this preliminary clinical report is to suggest a novel treatment modality for periodontal bifurcation lesions of endodontic origin.

Methods and Materials

The study consisted of 11 consecutive patients who presented with periodontal bifurcation lesions of endodontic origin (endo-perio lesions). All patients were followed-up for at least 12 months. Treatment included calcium hydroxide with iodine-potassium iodide placed in the root canals for 90 days followed by canal sealing with gutta-percha and cement during a second stage. Dentin bonding was used to seal the furcation floor to prevent the ingress of bacteria and their by-products to the furcation root area through the accessory canals.

Results

A radiographic examination showed complete healing of the periradicular lesion in all patients. Probing periodontal pocket depths decreased to 2 to 4 mm (mean 3.5 mm), and resolution of the furcation involvement was observed in post-operative clinical evaluations.

Conclusions

The suggested treatment of endo-perio lesions may result in complete healing. Further studies are warranted.

Clinical Significance

This treatment method improves both the disinfection of the bifurcation area and the healing process in endodontically treated teeth considered to be hopeless.

Citation

Lin S, Tillinger G, Zuckerman O. Endodontic-periodontic Bifurcation Lesions: A Novel Treatment Option. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:107-114.
Resin Bonding to Root Canal Dentin: Effect of the Application of an Experimental Hydrophobic Resin Coating after an All-in-one Adhesive
Authors: Bottino Marco Antonio , Lombardo Geraido H. L. , Souza Rodrigo O. A. , Michida Silvia M. A , de Melo Renata Marques , Valendro Luiz Felipe
Published: July 2019

Aim

Based on the hypothesis the application of a low-viscosity hydrophobic resin coating improves the bond of all-in-one adhesive, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the bond strength of four adhesive systems to bovine root dentin using the push-out test method.

Methods and Materials

The root canals of 32 bovine roots (16 mm) were prepared to a length of 12 mm using a FRC Postec Plus preparation drill. The specimens were allocated into four groups according to the adhesive system used: (Group 1) All-in-one Xeno III; (Group 2) All-in-one Xeno III+ScotchBond Multi-Purpose Plus Adhesive; (Group 3) Simplified Etch & Rinse One Step Plus; and (Group 4) Multi-Bottle Etch & Rinse All- Bond 2. A fiber-reinforced composite retention post was reproduced using an additional silicon impression and fabricated with DuoLink resin cement. The root specimens were treated with the selected adhesive systems, and the resin posts were luted in the canals with DuoLink resin cement. Each root specimen was cross sectioned into four samples (±1.8 mm in thickness), and the post sections were pushed-out to determine the bond strength to dentin.

Results

Group 2 (2.9±1.2) was statistically higher than Group 1 (1.1±0.5) and Group 3 (1.1±0.5). Groups 1 and 3 showed no statistically significant difference while Group 4 (2.0±0.7) presented similar values (p>0.05) to Groups 1, 2, and 3 [(one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)] and Tukey test, α=0.05).

Conclusion

The hypothesis was accepted since the application of the additional layer of a low-viscosity bonding resin improved the bond of the all-in-one adhesive. Further studies must be conducted to evaluate the long-term bond.

Citation

Lombardo GHL, Souza ROA, Michida SMA, de Melo RM, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Resin Bonding to Root Canal Dentin: Effect of the Application of an Experimental Hydrophobic Resin Coating after an All-in-one Adhesive. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:034-042.
The Effect of In-office in Combination with Intracoronal Bleaching on Enamel and Dentin Bond Strength and Dentin Morphology
Authors: Amaral Cristiane , Jorge Ana , Veloso Katia , Rodrigues José , Erhardt Maria , Arias Vanessa
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluatein vitroeffects of the combination of in-office and intracoronal bleaching on enamel and dentin bond strength and on dentin morphology.

Methods and Materials

Bleaching treatment was performed on 128 bovine teeth for three weeks. Intracoronal bleaching was performed in groups G1 to G3, and in the other groups a combination of in-office and intracoronal bleaching was performed. The following agents and materials were used (n=16): G1- sodium perborate and water (SP); G2- 37% carbamide peroxide (CP); G3- 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); G4- HP + cotton pellet soaked in water (CPW); G5- HP + SP; G6- HP + CP; G7- HP + HP; and G8- CPW (control). Seven days after bleaching treatment the teeth were sectioned into two halves. One half of each tooth was ground to obtain a flat dentin surface. Dentin and enamel fragments were treated with a dentin/enamel resin adhesive. Resin composite was inserted in two increments and polymerized for 20 seconds. Following the restorative procedures, specimens were sectioned into beams with a rectangular cross-sectional area of approximately 1 mm2. Microtensile testing was performed in a universal testing machine. Bond strengths (in MPa) were calculated and the data were submitted to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test (α=0.05). For the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, the exposed pulp chambers (n=5) were fixed, dehydrated, dried in a Critical Point dryer, and gold-sputter coated for analysis at standardized magnifications (500X, 1000X, and 2000X).

Results

None of the bleaching techniques reduced the enamel bond strength, the best results observed were with the intracoronal treatments with SP and HP. In dentin all bleaching techniques reduced the bond strength with the exception of the in-office HP application technique. The SEM results demonstrated similar dentin surfaces for the G1, G3, G6, and G7 groups with more open dentin tubules found than in the other groups.

Conclusion

None of the bleaching techniques tested reduced the bond strength of enamel, but they all reduced the bond strength of dentin with the exception of the group only treated with in-office bleaching using 35% HP. The worst bond strength results to dentin were observed in groups that received intracoronal bleaching with SP.

Citation

Amaral C, Jorge A, Veloso K, Rodrigues J, Erhardt M, Arias V. The Effect of In-office in Combination with Intracoronal Bleaching on Enamel and Dentin Bond Strength and Dentin Morphology. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:017-024.
Effectiveness of Root Canal Debris Removal Using Passive Ultrasound Irrigation with Chlorhexidine Digluconate or Sodium Hypochlorite Individually or in Combination as Irrigants
Authors: Ferreira Rafael Brandao , Marchesan Melissa Andreia , Silva-Sousa Yara Teresinha , Sousa-Neto Manoel
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cleaning capacity of different auxiliary chemical substances energized with ultrasound in radicular dentin using morphologic analysis.

Methods and Materials

Twenty-eight single-canal, mandibular incisors were prepared with the Hero 642 canal preparation system following the sequence: 25/12, 30/06, 35/02, and 40/02, 1 mm from the apex. The specimens were then divided into four groups of seven teeth. During biomechanical preparation the teeth were irrigated with 2 ml of distilled water between files. Each group of specimens (n=7) received a final irrigation with 100 ml of the following irrigants that were activated with ultrasound for 3 minutes: Group 1- distilled water; Group 2- 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX); Group 3- 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); and Group 4-the filtrate obtained after combining 0.2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl. The apical portions of the root canals from each group were then submitted to histological processing and analyzed using optical microscopy.

Results

Results showed statistical differences between the groups (p<0.01). Groups 1 and 2 (distilled water and 0.2% CHX respectively) were statistically similar in terms of a greater amount of debris, whereas 2.5% NaOCl and the filtrate were more efficient in removal of debris.

Conclusion

There is no additional benefit in terms of debris removal from root canal walls by irrigating with the filtrate obtained from the combination of NaOCl and CHX when compared to using NaOCl alone.

Clinical Significance

The findings of this study suggest the time and expense of preparing and using a combination of NaOCl and CHX is not warranted compared to using NaOCl alone for root canal irrigation.

Citation

Ferreira RB, Marchesan MA, Silva-Sousa YT, Sousa-Neto M. Effectiveness of Root Canal Debris Removal Using Passive Ultrasound Irrigation with Chlorhexidine Digluconate or Sodium Hypochlorite Individually or in Combination as Irrigants. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:068-075.
A New Storage Medium for an Avulsed Tooth
Authors: Khademi Abbas Ali , Saei Saeed , Mohajeri Mohammad Reza , Mirkheshti Nooshin , Ghassami Fatima , Torabi nia Nakisa , Alavi Sayyed Ali
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of egg white in maintaining the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on avulsed teeth.

Methods and Materials

The experimental media were: egg white, milk, Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) as the positive control, and tap water as the negative control. The storage times were 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours. Extracted premolar teeth of healthy individuals were rinsed in the media. After trypsinization and subsequent treatment in collagenase, cell viability was determined using trypan blue staining. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test was used to compare the results among different media.

Results

There was no difference in the cell viability between egg white and HBSS media, but there was a statistically significant difference between the viability of PDL cells in egg white medium in comparison with milk (P<0.05) and water (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Egg white could be suggested as a suitable storage medium. Its principle advantage is its availability.

Citation

Khademi AA, Saei S, Mohajeri MR, Mirkheshti N, Ghassami F, Torabi nia N, Alavi SA. A New Storage Medium for an Avulsed Tooth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:025-032.
Periodontal Abscess during Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Silva Geraldo L. M. , Soares Rodrigo V. , Zenóbio Elton G.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this review is to present the current status of the occurrence and management of a periodontal abscess during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).

Background

A periodontal abscess depicts typical features and has been described in patients under SPT in clinical trials. Common periodontal pathogens have been observed in this lesion and some etiologic factors may be responsible for its recurrence. This condition can be isolated or associated with factors that can change the prognosis of affected teeth.

Review Results

Although it has been frequently noticed in untreated periodontitis, the periodontal abscess can also occur in patients under SPT and has been regarded as one of the possible complications of SPT. Patients with a high susceptibility to periodontal disease lost more teeth than those with a healthy periodontium.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention for periodontal abscesses in patients under SPT are extremely important for the management of the periodontal abscess since this condition can lead to loss of the involved tooth. A single case of a tooth diagnosed with periodontal abscess that responds favorably to adequate treatment does not seem to affect its longevity.

Clinical Significance

An accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment can preserve the longevity of affected teeth.

Citation

Silva GLM, Soares RV, Zenóbio EG. Periodontal Abscess during Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A Review of the Literature. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:082-091.
The Dilemma of the Open Gingival Embrasure Between Maxillary Central Incisors
Authors: Furquim Bruno D'Aurea , Pascotto Renata Corrêa , Ribeiro Gerson Luiz Ulema , Bósio José Antonio , Maruo Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this report is to present the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment planning strategy in the presence of an open gingival embrasure between the maxillary central incisors.

Background

The open gingival embrasure or “black triangle” is a visible triangular space in the cervical region of the maxillary incisors. It appears when the gingival papilla does not completely fill in the interdental space. The space may occur due to: (1) disease or surgery with periodontal attachment loss resulting in gingival recession; (2) severely malaligned maxillary incisors; (3) divergent roots; or (4) triangular-shaped crowns associated with or without periodontal problems and alveolar bone resorptions.

Report

The post-treatment prevalence in adult orthodontic patients is estimated to be around 40% compromising the esthetic result.

Conclusion

Several methods of managing patients with open gingival embrasure exist, but the interdisciplinary aspects of treatment must be emphasized to achieve the best possible result. The orthodontist can play a significant role in helping to manage these cases.

Clinical Significance

Various treatment strategies are available to treat cases of an undesirable black triangle and are dependent on the etiology of the condition.

Citation

Tanaka OM, Furquim BD'A, Pascotto RC, Ribeiro GLU, Bósio JA, Maruo H. The Dilemma of the Open Gingival Embrasure Between Maxillary Central Incisors. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:092-098.
Clinical Evaluation of a Resin-based Desensitizing Agent and Self-etching Adhesive on Reduction of Postoperative Sensitivity of Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Akbari Majid , Ghavamnasiri Marjaneh , Hajizadeh Hila , Abedini Sara
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this randomized, double blind clinical trial was to compare three lining materials (Adper Prompt L-Pop, VivaSens, and Copalite) versus unlined restorations on postoperative cold sensitivity of class I amalgam restorations.

Methods and Materials

Potential subjects were screened for the presence of four initial class I carious lesions on posterior teeth. Each tooth was assigned to treatments according to a randomized block design. After cavity preparation, teeth were lined with either VivaSens, Adper Prompt L-Pop, or Copalite, and one tooth remained unlined and served as a control. The cavities were filled with high copper amalgam (Oralloy). The time taken for a subject to respond to a standardized cold stimulus (CRM) was recorded at baseline, 24 hours, one week, and one month after treatment. Participants filled out a self-report questionnaire at each time point. Data was gathered by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Comparisons tests (α=0.05).

Results

Twenty subjects participated in this study. Comparisons within each group found no significant reduction in mean CRM for the Adper Prompt L-Pop group (P>0.05), but a significant difference in mean CRM for the VivaSens group was observed at one week and one month intervals after restoration (P<0.05). Copalite and the unlined groups showed significant mean CRM reductions after one day (P<0.05). No significant differences between groups receiving Adper Prompt L-Pop and Copalite were found at any time point (P>0.05). VivaSens showed more cold sensitivity than Adper Prompt L-Pop at one week and one month recalls (P<0.05), while the most cold sensitivity was found in the unlined group.

Conclusion

Adper Prompt L-Pop and Copalite reduced postoperative sensitivity to cold more than VivaSens and unlined groups at all assessment time points, 24 hours, one week, and one-month post treatment. The subjects receiving Copalite, VivaSens, and unlined restorations experienced greater sensitivity to cold at one month compared to baseline, while subjects receiving the Adper Prompt L-Pop liner experienced no greater sensitivity to cold from baseline to one month.

Clinical Significance

Adper Prompt L-Pop as a liner under spherical high copper amalgam successfully reduced cold postoperative sensitivity.

Citation

Hajizadeh H, Akbari M, Ghavamnasiri M, Abedini S. Clinical Evaluation of a Resin-based Desensitizing Agent and Self-etching Adhesive on Reduction of Postoperative Sensitivity of Amalgam Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:009-016.
Amlodipine Induced Gingival Hyperplasia
Authors: Grover Vishaka , Kapoor Anoop , Marya C.M.
Published: July 2019

Calcium channel blockers are one of the most commonly used drugs for the management of cardiovascular disorders and are known for causing gingival over growth as adverse effects. Now a days, a new drug in this family Amlodipine, is being widely used, because of its duration of action. But it is of concern to the dental practitioner that this drug too has a similar effect on gingival tissues. This paper aims at drawing the attention of dentists towards the adverse effects of amlodipine along with providing a brief review of the pharmacologic profile of this drug, its effects on the gingiva and the management of hyperplasia.
Genetics – Need to Evaluate its Role in Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)
Authors: Singla Urvashi , Kulhari Snehlata
Published: July 2019

The concept of cancer genetics is relatively new and considered more in prostate and breast cancer. Its role in OSCC has never been given much attention, which is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. It is a tumour which can be treated by simple surgical procedure, if diagnosed at an early stage. Oral cavity and oropharynx are easily accessible for visualization. But high prevalence of oral abnormalities (5-15%) detected as a result of oral screening programmes (OSP) subjects large number of patients for biopsy which is impractical. Detection of early stage oral cancer is significantly impaired by absence of classic clinical characteristics of advanced oral cancer in early stage lesions. This influences 5 year survival rate for 80% of patients, despite major advances in surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy.

Many gene alterations have been implicated in development and progression of OSCC. Genetic differences is an important consideration to determine individual differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogens. Many genetic changes are commonly observed in oral cancers. Salivary Transcriptome Diagnostics, based on specific mRNA signature in saliva as diagnostic marker, can be a suitable tool for development of non invasive diagnostic, chemoprevention, prognostic and follow up tests for cancer and also to detect cancer conversion of premalignant lesions. To summarize research on genetics will open new directions for estimation of risk of human cancer and its early diagnosis.
Applying Children's Quality of Life Assessment to Promote the Reliability of Children Dental Health Services Quality
Authors: Bramantoro Taufan , Yayi Suryo P , Ismail Djauhar , Tedjosasongko Udijanto
Published: July 2019

Objective

Dental health services as a service provider need to evaluate and promote their service quality. The assessment of oral health related quality of life can be valuable material for the planning and evaluation of dental health services. Oral health related quality of life assessment apply the socio-dental indicators aspects and provide information in regard to the impact of oral conditions on the quality of life. One of patient's service quality assessment main aspect is reliability of dental treatment. Reliability of dental treatment is not only focused on dental pathological problems solving, but also on patient's quality of life improvement. This study examined the application of children's quality of life assessment as a decision planning basis to promote reliability aspects in children dental health services quality.

Material & Method

This study can be considered as an observational analytic research using cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted in Wates Mojokerto Community Dental Health Service in the early 2015. The population in this research involved children aged 3-5 years who had dental caries and also were students in kindergarten and early childhood program in Wates Mojokerto Community Dental Health Service as well as their mothers. Thus, the total of the population in this research was 309 children and their mothers. The instrument used in this study was measurement instrument of children's oral health related quality of life, which had been tested for their validity and reliability.

Results

That the number of dental caries had a considerable effect on the children's quality of life aged 3-5 years. Children who become fussy or anxious had the highest frequency of insidence than other impacts. There were significant differences of the number of dental caries among of the insidence of quality of life impacts.

Conclusion

The results described that fussy or anxious condition of children was the priority factor for parents in assessing the reliability aspects of dental health services quality in Wates Mojokerto Community Dental Health Service. This information becomes valuable input for Wates Mojokerto Community Dental Health Service in planning effective and reliable dental treatment procedures for children.
Dental Appearance-A Survey of Attitudes in Rural and Urban Children
Authors: Lakshmi PK
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine attitude of children towards their dental appearance and to compare same among rural and urban areas of Dakshina Kannada District Karnataka, India.

Methods

A total population from 2 randomly selected schools (urban-522 and rural- 498) comprising of 1020 children between the age group of 8yrs - 14yrs were provided with questionare containing objective questions to be filled by them . Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The level of significance was set at P<0.05.

Results

Significant difference was noticed in the attitudes towards their dental appearance among rural and urban children of Dakshina Kannada district (p=<0.001). Girls were more bothered about esthetics than boys both in rural and urban regions. A definite difference in the attitude was found between rural girls and boys and also between rural and urban boys.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study it can be concluded that attitudes of children towards their dental appearance differ in rural and urban areas in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India.
Traumatic Injury from a Tooth Brush: An Unusual Hazard of Oral Hygiene
Authors: Godhi Suhas , Goyal Sandeep , Goyal Sonia
Published: July 2019

We present a case of a 6 year old boy with a history of soft tissue injury caused by a toothbrush, the snapped head of which lodged into the medial aspect of the right ramus of the mandible. A survey of literature confirms that most injuries of this kind can be treated conservatively; however careful assessment by an experienced clinician is necessary to rule out other complications. The present paper discusses the prevalence, management and complications associated with impalement injuries of the oral cavity in children.
Oral Malodour and its Management: A Periodontal Perspective
Authors: Pavankumar Kalwa
Published: July 2019

Halitosis is a very common condition which may affect up to 30% of the population. In most cases the aetiology of the condition is from local oral causes (oral malodour). Oral malodour is the result of the action of anaerobic bacteria in producing a range of malodorous molecular species including volatile sulphur compounds. Patients with halitosis may seek treatment from dental clinicians for their perceived oral malodour. Physiologic halitosis, oral pathologic halitosis and pseudo-halitosis would be in the treatment realm of dental practitioners. Management of oral malodour is directed at managing and reducing the bacterial load both in periodontitis and in tongue coatings by instituting proper oral hygiene measures, control of tongue flora by brushing or scraping, and possibly the adjunctive use of antiseptic agents. Treatments have also been proposed to neutralise malodorous compounds by chemical agents to mask the presence of the condition. Further evidence is required to demonstrate the long-term efficacy of therapies for this troublesome condition. The purpose of this article is to review the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of oral malodor from a periodontal perspective. The review will be limited to bad breath odors originating within the mouth.
Bilateral Mandibular Canine Impaction: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Monika Rohilla , Mahesh Goel , Nikhil Marwah
Published: July 2019

Retention that is a permanent tooth which is unerupted more than a year after the normal age of eruption is a relatively rare event, except in the case of the third molars and the upper canines. We report the case of a 17 year old female presenting with bilateral mandibular canine impaction. This rare condition usually requires extraction of the involved tooth because orthodontic forces are seldom successful at erupting these teeth into their proper location. Henceforth, the canines were extracted.
Mesiodens with an Unususal Morphology - A Case Report
Authors: Leena Verma , Krishan Gauba , Sidhi Passi , Archna Agnihotri , Navjot Singh
Published: July 2019

Supernumerary tooth is one that is additional to the normal series and can be found in almost any region of the dental arch. They may be single, multiple, unilateral or bilateral erupted or unerupted and in one or both jaws. Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth found in the premaxilla between two central incisors. Presented here is a case of ten year old male child with supplemental mesiodens with talons cusp erupted in the oral cavity causing malocclusion and another horizontally impacted mesiodens near the nasal floor.
Limitations in Adult Orthodontics: A Review
Authors: Bagga Dinesh K.
Published: July 2019

Adults seeking orthodontic treatment have been increased considerably over the years as society is gradually becoming more esthetic oriented. These adults have already completed growth of craniofacial complex and treatment modality of growth modification is not an option for them. Many biological and psychosocial factors associated with adults need a change in biomechanics and treatment approach than that in growing adolescents. The present article attempts to explore the limitations in adult orthodontics.
Epidemiological Status of 3rd Molars – Their Clinical Implications
Authors: Shetty Devi Charan , Ahuja Puneet , Urs Aadithya B. , Bablani Deepika , Paul Mayura
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe the presence and impaction status of third molars in a Western U.P. population between age group of 17 and 24 years. A total of 3000 college students were clinically evaluated for the status of their 3rd molars. Out of these, the soft tissue associated with prophylactically extracted asymptomatic 3rd molars was histopathologically assessed. A definite eruption pattern of third molars was observed such that the percentage of teeth that were not erupted was much higher at age 17 years than at age 24 years. A decline in the eruption of teeth along with increased chances of impaction for teeth which were not erupted at 21 years was noted. Hence, it can be hypothesized that a substantial proportion of teeth impacted at 17 years do erupt fully, in the oral cavity with maximal chances of eruption between 17-21 years of age. The assessment of soft tissue changes in asymptomatically extracted teeth revealed definite histopathological alterations.
Comparision of Periodontal Status of Urban and Rural Population in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka State
Authors: Kamath Deepa G , Varma B R R , Kamath Sai Giridhar , Kudpi Ramya Shenoy
Published: July 2019

Periopathological studies have indicated that diseases of gums and loosening of teeth are as old as humanity. It continues to be one of the most common diseases affecting the human dentition. It has been seen that, due to differences between life styles and oral hygiene habits, there is a wide variation between the periodontal status of urban and rural population. As 70-80% of Indian population live in rural areas devoid of adequate treatment facilities, an attempt has been made through this study to compare the periodontal status of the urban and rural population of Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka State using CPI (Community Periodontal Index with Loss of Attachment).

A total of 1251 individuals were examined from Mangalore and Ujire populations in the age group of 15-19, 35-44 and 65-74 years using two stages stratified random sampling technique. It was observed that the periodontal status of urban population (14.52% with CPI code 0) was significantly better than in rural population (2.48% with CPI code 0). Also with increasing age, there was increase in severity of periodontal disease. These findings highlighted that the prevalence of periodontal disease was more in rural compared to the urban population.
Effect of Fennel Seeds On Dental Plaque and Salivary pH-A Clinical Study
Authors: Shirahatti Ravi V , Nagesh L
Published: July 2019

Aim

Numerous types of practices have been developed over a period of time and have been traditionally followed by various cultures. Chewing of fennel seeds is one of such practices. Scientifically known as foeniculum vulgare, seeds of this plant are commonly chewed after food in Indian sub-continent. Aim of this study was to know the effect of chewing fennel seeds on plaque pH and salivary pH.

Materials and Method

Twenty subjects were recruited based on eligibility criteria and were informed not to use any oral hygiene measures 24 hours prior to appointment. Plaque was collected to represent buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. For measurement of salivary pH, 2 ml of stimulated saliva was collected. Baseline pH was determined for both plaque and saliva using a calibrated glass combination electrode. After the subjects chewed seeds for five minutes resultant plaque and salivary pH were measured again. A third saliva sample was taken and pH measured five minutes later.

Results

A highly significant but a very transient drop in salivary pH on chewing the seeds was observed. However plaque pH did not show any significant change.

Conclusion

The drop in pH is not sustained and is returning to normal limits within five minutes after chewing the seeds suggesting that the seeds have very little Cariogenic potential.
Endodontic Flare – Ups: An Overview
Authors: Mittal Rakesh
Published: July 2019

Numerous hypothetical mechanisms responsible for pain and swelling in endodontic flare ups are presented, even though these mechanisms may be interrelated. This review article also underlines the various treatment modalities for relief of pain and swelling in such situations, including pre-medication, drainage establishment, relief of occlusion, intracanal and systemic medication.
Jaw Osteonecrosis a Risk Factor in Bisphosphonate Therapy - A Dental Concern
Authors: Walia Manpreet S , Arora Saryu , Singal Bhawana
Published: July 2019

Bisphosphonates are compound used in the treatment of many skeletal disorders such as bone metastases, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, hypercalcaemia of malignancy and bone pain. A new complication of bisphosphonate therapy administration i.e. osteonecrosis of jaw also known as bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws seems to be developing. Over suppression of bone turn over is probably the primary mechanism for the development of this condition, although there may be contributing comorbid factors. Complete prevention of this complication is not currently possible. However, preventive dental care reduces this incidence. Conservative debridement of necrotic bone, pain control, infection management, use of antimicrobial oral rinses and withdrawal of bisphosphonates are preferable to aggressive surgical measures for treating this condition.