bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence of Cathelicidin-1 in Milk as an Indicator of the Severity of Mammary Infection in Ewes
Authors: Katsafadou Angeliki I. , Vasileiou Natalia G.C. , Tsangaris George T. , Ioannidi Katerina S. , Anagnostopoulos Athanasios K. , Billinis Charalambos , Fragkou Ilektra A. , Papadopoulos Elias , Mavrogianni Vasia S. , Lianou Dafni T. , Chatzopoulos Dimitris C. , Fthenakis George C.
Published: May 2020

Aims:

The importance of cathelicidin-1 as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection
in ewes.

Background:

Mastitis is an important disease of sheep, affecting their health and welfare.

Objective:

The association of the presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples from ewes with mastitis
with the severity of the infection.

Methods:

Ewes were intramammarily inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica or Staphylococcus
chromogenes. Conventional (clinical, bacteriological and cytological examinations; milk yield measurements)
and proteomics evaluation (2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS) to record cathelicidin-1 spot optical
densities in milk samples were recorded.

Results:

Ewes challenged with M. haemolytica developed clinical and ewes challenged with S.
chromogenes subclinical mastitis (P=0.05). The challenged organism was isolated from milk samples
from inoculated mammary glands; increased somatic cell counts were also recorded. Cathelicidin-
1 was detected in milk samples from the inoculated side of udders of all ewes. Mean spot density
of cathelicidin-1 from samples from inoculated glands of ewes challenged with M. haemolytica
was higher than from ewes challenged with S. chromogenes: 2896 ± 973 versus 1312 ± 361 (P
=0.034). There were significant correlations between the presence of clinical mastitis / somatic cell
counts with the spot density of cathelicidin-1 on 2-DE gels (P=0.043 and P=0.023, respectively).
There was also a significant inverse correlation between the mean spot densities of cathelicidin-1
in milk samples and the milk yield of respective ewes on D10 (P =0.031).

Conclusion:

Potentially, cathelicidin-1 could be used as a marker to indicate the severity of damage
to the mammary parenchyma.
Association between Omentin-1 and Coronary Artery Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Research
Authors: Askin Lutfu , Duman Hakan , Ozyıldız Ali , Tanriverdi Okan , Turkmen Serdar
Published: May 2020

:

Like other adipokines, omentin-1 is secreted from visceral adipose tissue and plays a vital
role in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular events. Recent
studies have shown that circulating omentin-1 levels are associated with various metabolic risk
factors, such as high blood pressure, increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance.
The decrease in serum omentin level is an independent predictor of Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD) and is associated with the severity of this disease. Since there is no relevant review in
the literature, we aimed to summarize the studies on the relationship between omentin-1 and CAD.
Clinicians' and Midwives' Views of Factors Influencing Decision-making for Vaginal Birth after Caesarean Section: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bayrami Roghieh , Janghorban Roksana
Published: May 2020

Background:

Caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing in both developed and developing countries. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is an important option for reducing the CS rate.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to explore clinicians' and midwives' views of factors influencing decision-making for VBAC based on the theory of planned behavior.

Methods:

This qualitative study was carried out in Urmia- Iran, during 2017-2018. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 obstetricians and midwives. Participants were selected among governmental hospitals through purposeful sampling until data saturation was reached. Data were analyzed through a directed content analysis approach using the MAXQDA software version 10.

Results:

Three themes and seven sub-themes including 1. "attitude toward VBAC": positive attitude and negative attitude; 2. "control belief": organizational support, fear, and self-efficacy; and 3. "subjective norms": peer recommendation and maternal perceived pressure were emerged from data analysis.

Conclusion:

Clinicians' and midwives' positive attitude and clinicians' self-efficacy could reinforce their intentions to select VBAC and support the mother. Insufficient organization support, clinicians' and midwives' negative attitude, clinicians' and women's fear, clinicians' peer recommendation and pressure of outside sources, which is perceived by mothers, could be barrier factors for VBAC.
First Report on the Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Capitis Isolates and an NRCS-A-clone Related Isolate Obtained from Iranian Children
Authors: Asadollahi Parisa , Farzan Behrooz , Rezaei Faranak , Delfani Somayeh , Ashrafi Behnam , Soroush Setareh
Published: May 2020

Background:

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus capitis (MRSC) NRCS-A clone (Multi-
resistant and vancomycin-non susceptible) has been recently described as an emerging cause of
nosocomial bacteremia, especially in neonatal intensive-care units (NICUs).

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic and antiseptic resistance patterns,
biofilm-producing ability and the prevalence of SCCmec and ACME types among MRSC
isolates as well as to check the possible presence of NRCS-A clone at Tehran’s Children's Medical
Center, Iran.

Methods :

A total of 256 coagulase-negative Staphylococcal isolates were collected, of which 10 S.
capitis isolates were obtained and tested for susceptibility against 13 antimicrobial and 3 antiseptic
agents, as well as biofilm production. The presence of 15 distinct resistance genes, staphylococcal
cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and arginine catabolic mobile elements (ACMEs) were
tracked.

Results:

Seven out of 10 S. capitis isolates were MRSC (MIC90 van=8μg/mL) and resistant to
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, produced biofilm, (3 as strong biofilm producers) and carried
ACME types I and II. Despite the identification of mec and ccr complexes in some isolates, all the
SCCmec cassettes were untypeable (UT).

Conclusion:

According to the studied features, only one isolate belonged to the NRSC-A clone.
The results indicate that MRSC with high antibiotic resistance and unknown SCCmec might become
a serious problem in the future for the treatment of patients, particularly children.
Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Isolated Bioactive Compounds of Leaves of Annona reticulata Linn.
Authors: Pathak Kalyani , Das Aparoop , Shakya Anshul , Saikia Riya , Sarma Himangshu
Published: May 2020

Background:

The leaves of Annona reticulata Linn. have been traditionally used by the
tribes of Assam as a source of medicine to mitigate a range of health ailments, including diabetes
and obesity.

Objectives:

The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential
of bioactive fractions isolated from the methanolic extract of Annona reticulata Linn. leaves using
Nicotinamide + Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

The partially purified bioactive fractions, namely F1, F2, F3 and F4 were administered to
diabetic rats with a dose of 200 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.) and the effect of the fractions on serum glucose
was studied up to 21 days. The potent fractions were further subjected to spectral analysis for
the identification of the isolated active compounds.

Results:

The in-vivo anti-diabetic activity of the isolated fractions F2 and F3 was found significant
controlling blood glucose level, alike glibenclamide. Interestingly, F2 and F3 treated animals were
found significant in restoring the lipid and liver enzymes profile in streptozotocin challenge rats.
Further, spectral analysis revealed that F2 and F3 were comprised of Quercetin and Gallic acid, respectively.

Conclusion:

The outcome of finding demonstrates the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential
of the isolates/fractions of A. reticulata, which were found enriched in polyphenolics, including
Quercetin and Gallic acid; and provided logistic behind the traditional use of the A. reticulata against
diabetes and obesity.
Ankara’da Bir Aile Hekimliği Birimine Kayıtlı Kadınların Serviks Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KÜÇÜKCERAN Hatice , AĞADAYI Ezgi , ŞENTÜRK Hayriye
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, 30-65 yaş arası kadınların serviks kanseri tarama testlerini yaptırmaya ilişkin yaklaşımlarını değerlendirmek ve taramayı yaptırmaya karşı olan engelleri tespit etmektir. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Haziran 2018 tarihinde, Ankara İli Akyurt 8 No’lu Aile Hekimliği Birimine kayıtlı 30-65 yaş arası 313 kişi dahil edildi. Katılımcılara sosyo-demografik verilerin toplandığı ve katılımcıların servikal kanser taraması konusunda bilgi düzeyinin değerlendirildiği anket uygulandı. Katılımcıların bilgi düzeyi belirlendikten sonra kişilere serviks kanseri taraması ile ilgili standart bilgiler verildi. Bilgilendirme sonrası katılımcılar Aile Sağlığı Merkezine (ASM) tarama amacıyla davet edildi ve taramayı yaptırmayı kabul etmeyenlerin ret sebepleri not edildi. Tüm analizler SPSS programı kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular: Birime kayıtlı 30-65 yaş aralığında 511 kadın bulunmaktaydı. Sistemde daha önce HPV testi yaptırdığı tespit edilen 71 kadına anket uygulanmadı. Ankete katılmaya uygun olan 313 kadının yaş ortalaması 44,8±10,2 idi. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu (%66,1) ilköğretim mezunu idi. Katılımcıların %64,2’si ASM'de taramanın yapıldığını biliyordu. Katılımcıların %70,3’ü taramayı yaptırmayı kabul ederken, %29,7’si yaptırmak istemedi. Tarama yaptırmak istemeyenlere sebepleri sorulduğunda %52,6’sı jinekolojik muayeneden çekindiğini, %35,4’ü kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanı tarafından takip edildiğini ve ASM’de yaptırmak istemediğini, %11,8’i ise rahim ağzı kanseri taramasını gereksiz bulduğunu ifade etti. Sonuç: Çalışma öncesi servikal kanser taraması yaptıran kadınların oranı çok düşük bulunmuş olup, gerekli bilgilendirmeler yapıldıktan sonra testi ASM’de yaptırmak isteyenlerin oranı yükselmiştir. Ayrıca, Kadın Doğum Poliklinikleri ile Aile Sağlığı Merkezleri, kanser taramaları konusunda entegre bir şekilde çalışmaya başlarsa taramalar daha düzenli yapılabilir ve oranlar artabilir.
Перестройка спектра терагерцового стимулированного излучения при внутрицентровом оптическом возбуждении одноосно-деформированного Si : Bi
Authors: Жукавин Р.Х. , Ковалевский К.А. , Павлов С.Г. , Deb mann N. , Pohl A. , Цыпленков В.В. , Абросимов Н.В. , Riemann H. , Hubers H.-W. , Шастин В.Н.
Published: May 2020

The results of experimental and theoretical investigations dedicated to the uniaxial stress induced tuning of terahertz stimulated terahertz emission from silicon doped with bismuth under optical intracenter excitation. The frequency tuning of two emission lines from bismuth donor in silicon under uniaxial stress along [001] has been demonstrated in the experiments. The crosssections of stimulated Raman scattering for uniaxially stressed silicon doped with bismuth donors have been calculated.
Рост интенсивности сигнала люминесценции самоформирующихся наноостровков Ge(Si) за счет взаимодействия их излучения с модами двумерных фотонных кристаллов
Authors: Юрасов Д.В. , Новиков А.В. , Дьяков С.А. , Степихова М.В. , Яблонский А.Н. , Сергеев С.М. , Уткин Д.Е. , Красильник З.Ф.
Published: May 2020

Investigations of the photoluminescence (PL) response of 2D photonic crystal slabs with embedded Ge(Si) quantum dots are reported. It was shown that it is possible to obtain the large enhancement of the PL intensity from the active medium (Ge(Si) quantum dots) in the wavelength range of 1.2-1.6 mkm. Features of the PL response associated with the interaction with photonic crystal modes located near the Γ point of the Brillouin zone are studied. It was shown that both relatively wide lines associated with the leaky modes of the photonic crystal and rather narrow resonances with the Q factor exceeding 103 could be observed. The latter sharp resonances could be detected in the specific range of the photonic crystal lattice parameters.
The Vertebrate Life of Certain Prairie and Forest Regions Near Charleston, Illinois
Authors: Hankinson T. L.
Published: May 2020

During August, 1910, a study was made of the biological conditions of a piece of prairie and a piece of woodland near Charleston, Coles County, Illinois, by Mr. Charles C. Adams, of the Universityof Illinois, who studied the invertebrates ; by Mr. E. N. Transeau, of the Eastern Illinois State Normal School, at Charleston, who studied the plants ; and by the writer, who gave particular attentionto the vertebrate life. Embodied in this paper are the notes taken at this time on the vertebrates, together with other notes on vertebrates taken during occasional visits to the places since then.
Some Additional Records of Chironomidae for Illinois and Notes on Other Illinois Diptera
Authors: Malloch J. R.
Published: May 2020

In a previous paper, Article 6 of Volume X of this Bulletin, I indicated that despite the fact that our state list of species of Chironomidae is larger than any list yet published for any other state in the Union it could not be considered as a complete list of all the species occurring in Illinois. The greater portion of the material upon which the previous paper was based consisted of species collected by Mr. C. A. Hart and the writer during 1914, and containing, as it did, but a small series ofcollections from a number of scattered localities it could not be expected to include all of our species. Being aware of this fact and desirous of obtaining as many species as possible, the writer during the present year has devoted most of his spare time to collecting in the vicinity of White Heath, on the Sangamon River, with a view to completing the series of Ceratopogoninae in the collection in so far as that particular locality is concerned. No material from this part of the Sangamon River was contained in that previously studied, though many of the species were obtained near Monticello, which is but a few miles down river from this point.
Some Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms
Authors: McDougall Walter
Published: May 2020

The interest in wild mushrooms and the number of people who collect wild mushrooms for the table are increasing rapidly. Numerousinquiries are received by the botany department of the University of Illinois each season concerning the identification and edibility of various species. At the same time, whenever there is a good mushroom season, the newspapers report an increasing number of cases of mushroom poisoning. These facts indicate the great desirability of a wider dissemination of the knowledge necessary to distinguish intelligentlythe common edible and poisonous mushrooms. It was with these facts in mind that it was decided to prepare, for the people of the state, photographs and descriptions of a limited number of species, in the hope that it might help our friends to make use of the abundance of excellent food material that annually goes to waste in the fields and woods, without risking their lives in the act.
A Collecting Bottle Especially Adapted for the Quantitative and Qualitative Determination of Dissolved Gasses, Particularly Very Small Quantities of Oxygen
Authors: Powers Edwin
Published: May 2020

One of the sources of error in the Winkler method for the determination of dissolved oxygen in water, especially where the oxygen content is low, is the diffusion of oxygen into the water before and during the introduction of the chemicals. Another source of error is the mixing of the manganous chloride with the potassium iodide-alkali solution at the surface of the water, the chemicals adhering to the pipettes introducing these reagents having washed off at the topof the bottle, where they react with the oxygen present. In recent work involving the oxygen-free water apparatus described by Shelford in the preceding article of this volume, it was found especially desirable to eliminate the above sources of error. This was accomplished by a special bottle which allows the collecting of samples and the introduction of the chemicals without exposing the samples to air during the operation.
The Relation of Evaporation and Soil Moisture to Plant Succession in a Ravine
Authors: Ullrich Fred
Published: May 2020

For some time geologists have surmised that differences in the evaporative power of the air and the soil-moisture content account for the succession of vegetation that accompanies the physiographicchanges in the development of a ravine. In order to determine whether or not this surmise can be supported by experimental data, this study was made during the summer of 1913.
A Classification of the Lepidoptera Based on Characters of the Pupa
Authors: Mosher Edna
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the present investigation is to present such a classification as far as material has been available for study. There is also an attempt to throw some light on the relationships existing between the different groups.
A Representative of the Genus Trichodrilus from Illinois
Authors: Kindred James
Published: May 2020

The description given in this paper is based upon the detailed examination of a single specimen which was pumped from a well in Concord, Illinois, June 15, 1915.
Foot-rot Disease of Wheat- Historical and Bibliographic
Authors: Stevens F. L.
Published: May 2020

In connection with a study of the Illinois disease it was necessary to glean as many facts as possible from the literature concerning footrot, or take-all. and related diseases, and the large amount of material resulting suggested the utility of putting some of it into permanent form as a convenience to students of the subject. The following chronological account presents facts and opinions selected from important articles cited in the appended bibliography.
New Species and Varieties of Phyllophaga
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2020

Among the many collections of May-beetles received from entomologists throughout the country have been found several apparently new species and varieties. Requests from the collectors for names which they could use in writings prompt the author to present the following descriptions.
A List of the Insect Types in the Collections of the Illinois State Natural History Survey and the University of Illinois
Authors: Frison Theodore
Published: May 2020

The ever-increasing requests by technical workers in the field of entomology for information concerning the insect types in the collections of the Illinois State Natural History Survey and the University of Illinois have led to the preparation of this paper.
An Experimental Investigation of the Relations of the Codling Moth to Weather and Climate
Authors: Shelford Victor
Published: May 2020

While this paper is, therefore, necessarily technical and aimed especially at an improvement of apparatus and methods of climatological research, the application of conclusions to practical ends has been kept steadily in view, and a summary rehearsal of their uses to horticulture and of the methods of their application follows.
The Plankton of Lake Michigan
Authors: Eddy Samuel
Published: May 2020

The chief purposes of this paper are: (1) to present a general picture of the plankton of Lake Michigan (2) to determine the relative abundance of its constituent organisms, and (3) to incorporate and summarize the facts now known relating to the plankton of the Great Lakes.
Some Causes of Cat-facing in Peaches
Authors: Porter B. A. , Chandler S. C. , Sazama R. F.
Published: May 2020

Peach cat-facing is a scarred and distorted condition of the fruit, which causes serious losses in some seasons in the peach-growing sections of the Middle West and elsewhere. The investigations reported in this paper have proved that at least six species of insects have a part in the production of cat-facing. These insects are the Tarnished Plant Bug, the Plum Curculio, and four species of stink bugs.
An Account of Changes in the Earthworm Fauna of Illinois and a Description of One New Species
Authors: Smith Frank
Published: May 2020

The contents of this paper include additions to the list of species previously recorded from Illinois and also furnish evidence of obvious changes in the earthworm fauna of one locality which are probably similar to changes taking place in other parts of the state. The tendency is towards an increasing domination of European species and a corresponding decrease in the abundance of some indigenous forms. There are various records of similar modifications of the earthworm fauna in other parts of the world in which Europeans have settled and in which the European species of Lumbridae have to a greater or less extent re-placed the indigenous species.
The Native and Naturalized Trees of Illinois
Authors: Miller Robert , Tehon L. R.
Published: May 2020

In presenting this book to the people of Illinois, it has been the authors' aim to furnish not merely a manual of the trees of the State but to give as complete an account of them as our present knowledge would permit. Consequently, the reader will find in the following pages not only a means for identifying trees but also the important facts concerning their distribution, their history, their uses, their past and present importance in commerce and industry, and many other things.
A Catalogue of the Fishes of Illinois
Authors: Jordan David S.
Published: May 2020

This catalogue is based primarily on the collections in the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, at Normal. These collections consist (a) of the material on which Mr. Nelson's list was based, and (b) of a large collection made by Professor Forbes during the past summer (1877), chiefly in the streams of southern Illinois. The writer's own collections in Illinois and adjacent states have also been drawn upon, as well as those contained in the United States National Museum. The various scattered notices of Illinois fishes have also been brought together as far as possible, thus giving all that is at present known of the distribution of the species within the limits of the state.
Description of a New Species of Asellus
Authors: Hay O. P.
Published: May 2020

Species description for Asellus militaris (Isopoda).
A Needle Blight of Austrian Pine
Authors: Hulbary Robert
Published: May 2020

Over a period of years, blighted needles of ornamental pines have constituted an important part of the diseased evergreen samples received by our laboratory for diagnosis. A method of wintering the infected material was devised, so that the needles could be examined periodically and the development of the fungus studied in detail.
Duck Food Plants of the Illinois River Valley
Authors: Bellrose Frank
Published: May 2020

For the past 5 years the necessity for improvement of natural food beds in the Illinois River valley has been apparent.
The Pseudoscorpions of Illinois
Authors: Hoff C. Clayton
Published: May 2020

Pseudoscorpions are minute animals only a few millimeters long, with the general appearance of diminutive scorpions except that they have no tails. They belong to the large phylum of joint-legged animals, the Arthropoda, and to the class Arachnida. which, in addition to the pseudoscorpions, embraces the spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and other related groups. Pseudoscorpions are seclusive in habit, occurring in soil cover and rotten logs, under bark, and in similar places out of doors: one species is found in houses. In their natural habitat, these little brown animals arc difficult to see. especially when they draw in their legs and "play possum." In this position they look like little specks of dirt. Probably because pseudoscorpions are inconspicuous, few collections of the group have been made in the past, and the fauna, at least of North America, and especially of the central and north-central United States, has remained scantily known. The object of this report is twofold, first to present illustrated keys and descriptions for the identification of species in this region, and, secondly, to summarize information regarding the distribution, biology, and habitat preferences of the species. As an aid in use of the keys, a section has been included on morphology, in which the structures now considered of major taxonomic importance are explained. Summarizing the distribution has been especially difficult because many identifications made prior to Chamberlin's work are probably incorrect and should be rechecked before they are cited. Because of this situation there is little accurate information to serve as a guide in foretelling what additional described species may be collected in Illinois. In order to make this report of wide application, the keys have been made to include all the genera known from the central and northeastern portions of the United States and adjacent portions of Canada.
Fusarium Disease of Gladiolus
Authors: Forsberg Junius L.
Published: May 2020

Three forms of the Fusarium disease of Gladiolus, known as the vascular, brown rot, and basal dry rot forms, have been described by other workers. The agent or agents which cause these disease forms have been assigned various specific names, with the result that the exact relation of the different symptom types and their causal agent or agents has been in a state of confusion.  The purpose of this investigation was to rectify the confusion by determining if strains of Fusariutn producing different symptoms could be fitted into weell-defined groups on the basis of their pathogenicity and physiological characters.  From several hundred isolates of Fusarium that had been cultured from diseased gladiolus corms, 40 isolates were selected for comparison in pathogenicity tests and physiological  studies. Comparisons of isolates from the three disease forms were made by means of their reactions to temperature, reactions to aniline dyes, reactions to copper salts, reactions to mercuric chloride, color reactions on steamed rice, growth types on differential media, pH changes produced in liquid media, spore measurements, and tendency to reproduce the same or different disease forms in inoculated plants and corms.  The isolates varied a great deal in theirreactions in these tests, but no definite pattern for association of variables could be determined; the variations seemed to occur independently. The isolates did not fall into well-defined groups; the isolates from the three disease forms could not be distinguished by any of the tests used. The pathogenicity tests showed that a single isolate is capable of producing more than one form of the disease.  The evidence obtained in these studies shows that strains of the gladiolus Fusarium are extremely variable and that some of them apparently are quite unstable.  It is proposed that all forms of the gladiolus Fusarium be included under the name Fusarium oxysporum f. gladioli (Massey) Snyder & Hansen.
Notes on Illinois Reptiles and Amphibians, Including Several Species Not Before Recorded from the Northern States
Authors: Garman H. L.
Published: May 2020

Notes on Illinois Reptiles and Amphibians, Including Several Species Not Before Recorded from the Northern States
Sixth Contribution to a Knowledge of the Life History of Certain Little-known Aphididae
Authors: Weed Clarence M.
Published: May 2020

The literature and life history of the corn plant louse were discussed at length in 1884 by Professor H, Garmauf, who showed that at that time nothing definite was known concerning the time or place of development of the sexed forms, the connection between the root and aerial forms, or the manner in which the insect passes the winter. In the article cited the author adds nothing of importance to our knowledge of either of these points, though the conjecture is made "that the lice hibernated as alate viviparous females."
Bibliographical and Synonymical Catalogue of the Described Membracidae of North America
Authors: Goding F. W.
Published: May 2020

The following catalogue is designed as an index to the literature of the Membracidae of North America, including Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. A few species have been seen that could not be referred to any known forms, and these are described in the following pages.
Dynamics of One-Species Populations of Fishes in Ponds Subjected to Cropping and Additional Stocking
Authors: Buck Homer , Thoits Charles F.
Published: May 2020

This report is based on several years of intensive studies of the production and related population dynamics of six kinds of warmwater fishes maintained as single species in 1-acre ponds. Species involved included the largemouth bass, Micropteriis salmoides (Lacepede); smallmouth bass, M. dolomieiii Lacepede; bluegill, Lepomis macrochiriis Rafinesque; yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill); brown bullhead, Ictahiriis uebulosus (LeSueur); and the white crappie, Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque. Most production data published for these species have originated primarily from studies involving complex, multispecies populations. The principal aims of this investigation were to 1 ) increase our knowledge of the carrying capacities of ponds for warmwater fishes, 2) consider the relationship of carrying capacity to standing crop and to rate of production, and 3) measure the influence of controlled population increases and decreases on fish production.
Fertilization of Established Trees
Authors: Neely Dan , Himelick E. B. , Crowley Webster R.
Published: May 2020

Prior to this study the two senior authors, as plant pathologists, had recommended fertilization as a preventive or corrective control measure for several tree diseases. It was recognized, however, that the procedures for fertilizing established trees had not been thoroughly subjected to scientific evaluation; more experimental data were needed. While cooperating with the junior author at the Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, on plant disease studies in 1962 the senior authors learned of an experimental area in the Arboretum which contained uniform, established trees in 100-tree blocks with tree spacing intervals optimum for fertilizer trials. In this area a cooperative study was initiated with the Morton Arboretum. Following the early successful attempts at measuring growth response to fertilizer applications in 1963 and 1964 at the Morton Arboretum, the senior authors expanded the study with trials at four additional sites in Illinois through 1968.
The Genera of Nearctic Therevidae
Authors: Irwin Michael E. , Lyneborg Leif L.
Published: May 2020

During the course of preparing the Therevidae chapter for the soon-to-be published Manual of Nearctic Diptera (Canada Department of Agriculture 1981), we've found that the previously published descriptions of genera were totally inadequate to form a framework for the therevid species of North America. The genus Psilocephala Zett., for instance, was found to be polyphyletic, containing species from several diverse ancestors. An effort to describe the many new genera contained herein was begun because we realized the definitive nature of the forthcoming Manual of Nearctic Diptera and the importance of establishing a generic base for the Therevidae founded on synapomorphies. We have restrained ourselves from grouping the genera beyond the subfamilial level simply because we feel that better natural groupings can be formed once genera from other parts of the world are included in the scheme.

We have attempted to place the described species in the new generic concepts at the end of each diagnosis. All North American genera are diagnosed, and male terminalia are figured for all genera. In total, 29 genera and 143 currently valid species have been described for North America, excluding Apsilocephala Krober (1914) and its included species, longistyla Krober (1914), which we feel does not belong within the family Therevidae. We have not included Melanothereva MaWoch (1932:249) that occurs in Chile, Peru, and parts of Argentina and contains a single Nearctic species, nigra (Bellardi) [1861:92, (Psilocephala)] that, to our knowledge, has not been rediscovered since it was first described from Mexico.

The descriptions and keys follow morphological terminology developed by us. Male terminalia characters were originally defined and described by Lyneborg (1968a) and have since been modified slightly by Lyneborg (1972, 1976, and 1978) and by Irwin (1977a and 1977b). Female terminalia characters were defined and described by Irwin (1976) . Other morphological features are generally accepted in Diptera literature, and we refrain from detailing them here. The immature stages of Therevidae have not been used in developing this preliminary classification. Larval and pupal stadia are being gathered and associated with adults in the hope that eventually they will help to elucidate the proper phylogenetic placement of species within genera and genera within suprageneric taxa.
Catalog of Types of the Illinois Natural History Survey Mycological Collections (ILLS)
Authors: Crane J. L. , Tazik Pamela P.
Published: May 2020

The Survey's mycological collection now contains approximately 300 type specimens, 800 Myxomycetes, 1,200 lower fungi, 10.000 Ascomycetes, 13,200 Fungi Imperfecti, 17,000 Basidiomycetes. and 5.000 lichens, for a total of 47.500 specimens. This catalog provides information for each type specimen on the binomial, the full name and initials of the authorities, the place of publication, the category of type, substrate or host, locality data, date of collection, collector, and accession number. The categories of type specimens follow the Botanical Code (Grueter et al. 1988. Article 7).
Revision of the bees of the genus Tetraloniella in the New World (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: LaBerge Wallace E.
Published: May 2020

The genus Tetraloniella was proposed by Ashmead in 1899 (p. 61) to include a small Palearctic eucerine bee, Macrocera graia Eversmann, known to Ashmead only in the female sex. This specimen and several others of this species have been examined by the present author but no male specimen has come available, thus the critical characters of the terminalia have not been studied. Nonetheless, the author is convinced from the female characters that Tetraloniella of Europe and Asia is the same genus as Xenoglossodes, also named by Ashmead (p. 63) later in the same paper. Michener, McGinley, and Danforth (1994:158) refer to the genus under the name Tetraloniella but suggest that, “. . . the synonymy of Xenoglossodes and Tetraloniella is uncertain.” This author agrees that our current knowledge of this interesting genus is incomplete. The synonymy of Xenoglossodes and Tetraloniella, however, appears to be correct and this author will continue to use the latter name for the genus. A total of 6,504 specimens were studied representing 35 species, of which 19 are new to science. A total of 14 names are listed as synonyms and 1 name is recognized as a junior homonym and renamed. Complete descriptions for all species and keys for the diagnoses of both sexes are included when possible.
Black-crowned Night-Herons of the Lake Calumet Region,Chicago, Illinois
Authors: Levengood Jeffrey M. , Marcisz Walter J. , Klement Allison M. , Kurcz Margaret A.
Published: May 2020

We examined the nesting ecology of a Blackcrowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) colony located at wetlands associated with Lake Calumet in south Cook County, Illinois, during the 2002 and 2003 nesting seasons. This area of southeastern Chicago has been greatly impacted by heavy industry, solid and chemical waste disposal, urbanization, and altered hydrology. Black-crowned Night-Herons (BCNH) have nested at five known locations at Lake Calumet wetlands during 1984–2003. Emergent cover (giant reed, Phragmites australis) was of primary importance to this colony for nesting during that time. Cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) also were used for nesting from the late 1980s to mid-1990s. During 1993–2003 the herons began arriving at the colony as early as March 10. During the two years of this study the earliest indications of nest building and courtship occurred during the first week in April; the first pairs and precopulatory displays were observed during second week of April in both years. The egg-laying period extended from April 20 to June 12 in 2002, and from April 16 to May 27/28 in 2003. Hatching occurred from mid-May to the first few days of July in 2002, and from mid-May to June 19/20 in 2003. Juvenile dispersal in 2002 occurred from mid-July through late August, and from early July through mid-August in 2003. Reproductive parameters in BCNH nesting at the north end of Indian Ridge Marsh (IRM), the primary nesting location for this colony in both years, were typical for this species. In 2002 the “recruitment” rate (number of young/nest surviving to 15 days) of 1.74 young/pair was below the threshold of 2.0–2.1 young/nesting pair thought to be necessary to maintain BCNH populations. However, recruitment increased to 2.22 young/ pair in 2003, which was among the highest previously reported. The most important cause of nest failure was poorly constructed (flat) nests which allowed the eggs to roll out into the water. Although some eggs were lost to gulls and some hatched young were taken by unknown mammalian or avian predators, predation was not an important cause of nest losses at IRM.
Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)
Authors: Dietrich Christopher H. , Dmitriev Dmitry A.
Published: May 2020

The 35 previously described species (including 4 junior synonyms) of the New World erythroneurine leafhopper genus Zyginama are reviewed and descriptions are provided for 43 new species, 2 from U.S.A., 26 from Mexico, 1 from Panama, and 14 from the Amazon region of South America. The following new synonyms are recognized: Z. aucta (McAtee) equals Erythroneura bilocularis Van Duzee, syn. n., and E. inclita Beamer, syn. n.; Z. nicholi (Beamer) equals E. canyonensis Beamer, syn. n., and E. ales Beamer, syn. n. Separate keys are provided for identification of males from North and South America, all known species are illustrated, and data on their distributions are summarized. Phylogenetic analysis of 40 morphological characters of the 71 species for which males are known yielded a reasonably well resolved estimate of relationships among the included species, but branch support was low overall.
A decade of monitoring on Pool 26 of the upper Mississippi River System
Authors: Chick John H. , Soeken-Gittinger Lori A. , Ratcliff Eric N. , Gittinger Eric J. , Lubinski Benjamin J. , Maher Rob E.
Published: May 2020

We present information gleaned from 10 years of data collected by the water quality component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Environmental Management Program’s Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) from Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). The Pool 26 reach of the UMRS includes the confluence with the Illinois River, and the confluence with the Missouri River just downstream of Mel Price Locks and Dam. The surrounding communities in both Illinois and Missouri benefit greatly from the natural resources provided by these rivers. We estimate that annual expenditures are 55 million for fishing and hunting, respectively, in the region surrounding Pool 26 based on license sales and state expenditure data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Additionally, there is a commercial fishery active in Pool 26, recreational boating, and the UMRS provides drinking water for many municipalities in this region. Finally, the Upper Mississippi River System is a major transportation system, and Pool 26 receives the greatest amount of barge traffic for any river reach in the UMRS. The LTRMP began collecting data in 1988, but the first years of the program were experimental. Currently followed monitoring protocols for water quality and fish monitoring were adopted in 1993; however, a major flood event in that year prevented full data collection for that year. Data from the LTRMP water quality component demonstrate that Pool 26 is a highly productive river reach. Long-term averages of chorophyll-a, total phosphorous, total nitrogen, and total inorganic solids are comparable to levels in eutrophic to highly eutrophic lakes. The average current velocity in the main channel of the Mississippi River in Pool 26 ranges from 0.364–0.414 m/sec. during the summer and fall. Even during the lowest discharge levels in a year, the reach has a residence time no longer than 2.7 days. Discharge was significantly related to many water quality parameters, including Secchi depth, turbidity, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrite, and total phosphorus. We observed a significant linear increase in mean water temperature in the main channel from 1994 to 2004. When these data were analyzed by season, positive linear trends were found during the spring (0.515°C per year) and fall (0.646°C per year). Continued monitoring is necessary to determine if these observations represent short term fluctuations or long-term trends and to detect any related effects on this river reach.
Notes on Species of North American Oligochaeta.
Authors: Smith Frank
Published: May 2020

A number of species of Oligochseta have been collected during the present year (1895) at Havana, Ill., in connection with the work of the University of Illinois Biological Experiment Station. It seems best to give a preliminary account of some of them at this time, although a more complete description, with plates, is inpreparation. In this account is included some recently obtained information upon Enchytraeus {Halodrilus) littoralis Verrill.
On a Bacterial Disease of the Squash-bug (Anasa tristis DeG.).
Authors: Duggar B. M.
Published: May 2020

During July, 1895, while occupied as an Assistant inthe Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, instudying some fungous diseases of the chinch-bug I used many squash-bugs (Anasa tristis DeG.) for experimental purposes, their larger size making them convenient for use in certain investigations for which the chinch-bug is poorly adapted. These squash-bugs were kept in a laboratory breeding-cage, and daily supplied with fresh food and a suitable amount of moisture. They were soonobserved to be dying in considerable numbers, although I could detect nothing unhealthful in their surroundings.
Descriptions of five New Species of Scale Insects, with Notes
Authors: Johnson Willis
Published: May 2020

Describes five new species of Scale Insects.
Over 50 years of fish community monitoring in Illinois’ large rivers: The evolution of methods used by the Illinois Natural History Survey’s Long-term Survey and Assessment of Large-River Fishes in Illinois
Authors: Fritts Mark W. , DeBoer Jason A. , Gibson-Reinemer Daniel K. , Lubinski Benjamin J. , McClelland Michael A. , Casper Andrew F.
Published: May 2020

This document describes the methodological evolution of the Long-Term Illinois Rivers Fish Population Monitoring Program since its inception. The principal changes include a shift from fixed-site sampling to stratified random sampling at the reach scale to benefit statistical robustness and a concurrent shift from AC electrofishing to pulsed-DC electrofishing to increase the breadth of the diversity and size classes of fishes encountered. These changes in methodology were implemented during the 2016 field season and are based on quantitative assessments of program data and other results from recent peer-reviewed publications. These refinements will likely improve the program’s ability to detect and describe patterns and trends in the fish assemblages of the Illinois River and other large rivers of Illinois and the Midwest.
Plankton Studies
Authors: Kofoid C. A.
Published: May 2020

It is the purpose of the present paper to describe themethods and apparatus employed in the plankton work at the Biological Station at Havana, Illinois, during the years 1894- 1896.
The North American Centropagidae Belonging to the Genera Osphranticum, Limnocalanus, and Epischura
Authors: Schacht Frederick
Published: May 2020

In Article III. of this Bulletin the writer discussed theNorth American species of Diaptomua, and in the present paper, in furtherance of the same purpose, the genera Osphranticum, Limnoealanus, and Epischura are treated.
Notes on Species of North American Oligochaeta.
Authors: Smith Frank
Published: May 2020

The worms here described were found by Mr. Adolph Hempel in a decayed stump in a marsh in Polk county, Florida, in March, 1897. The collection consists of eight sexually mature individuals and a few others that are imperfect or immature. The worms were killed in corrosive sublimate and preserved in alcohol, and are in excellentcondition for study. All of the facts pertaining to this species which are presented in this paper have necessarily been obtained from an examination of this preserved material.
Studies of the Habits and Development of Neocerata Rhodophaga Coquillett
Authors: Webster F. M.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, Mr. Coquillett describes a new species,Diplosis rosivora, and a new genus and species, Neocerata rhodophaga, both of which were reared from larvae attacking roses in this manner in Washington, D. C.
Notes on Species of North American Oligochaeta.
Authors: Smith Frank
Published: May 2020

When this species was described by the writer (1895) it was thought that the differences between it and previously described species were such as to warrant the recognition of a new genus; hence the genus Thinodrilus. Michaelsen in hisgreat work on the Oligochida (1900) saw fit to include this species in the genus Trichodrilus Claparede with the two European species. Recent papers on the reproductive organs of Lumbriculus variegatus (Miiller) by Wenig (1902) and Hesse (1902) have extended our knowledge of that species and have shown that it is in some particulars very similar to Thinodrilus inconstans,and as it now seems to the writer that there is more reason for including the latter species in the genus Lumbriculus than in the genus Trichodrilus, it will be referred to in the following discussion as Lumbriculus inconstans.
On the General and Interior Distribution of Illinois Fishes
Authors: Forbes S. A.
Published: May 2020

The geography of Illinois is, in its most obvious features, so simple and so monotonous that one naturally expects a similar simplicity and monotony in the geographic distribution of its plants and animals. The plan of its hydrography is as little complicated as the geography of its land areas.
A Study of the Food of Moles in Illinois
Authors: West James
Published: May 2020

This article looks at the stomach contents of moles to determine the natural food of the mole. The moles which furnished the basis for this discussion were in part specimens collected in central Illinois at various times, whose stomachs had been preserved with the material of the State Laboratory of Natural History without definite data as to the special situation in which the moles were found, but chiefly specimens recently collected, nearly all trapped in 1907 and 1908 by Mr. F. E. Wood, assistant in the State Laboratory of Natural History.
Forest Conditions in Illinois
Authors: Hall R. , Ingall O. D.
Published: May 2020

Now that the country is beginning to give belated attention to the conservation of all natural resources, the questions naturally arise, what is the extent and condition of our forest lands, and how can they be treated so that they will continue to be productive? The object of this report is to answer these questions for Illinois.
Biological and Embryological Studies on Formicidae
Authors: Tanquary M. C.
Published: May 2020

Although the common corn-field ant, Lasius niger var. americanus Emery, is said to be the most abundant of all North American insects, its complete life history has never been worked out. The most that we have on the subject is given in Bulletin 131 of the Illinois Experiment Station by Forbes. He there reports that in four cases the firsteggs from young queens were obtained May 8, 9, 10, and 15; that the egg periods were 16, 17, 19, and 23 days; that the pupal stage averagedabout 18 days; and that the total number of young produced by a single female in the first year was in three cases 8, 9, and 19 workers. The more extensive data which I have been able to obtain correspond in great measure to those just given.