bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Astaxanthin on The Skin Color of Green Swordtail,Xyphophorus helleri
Authors: Putra Dedi F. , Qadri Ahmad , El-Rahimi Sayyid A. , Othman Norhayati
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to analyze the effects of astaxanthin in commercial feed on growth and color intensity of green swordtail fish,Xyphophorus helleri. A total of 150 green swordtail fish (Xyphophorus helleri) had an average weight of ± 2 g per fish was used. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used consisting of five treatments and three replicates. The treatments were A (0 mg/kg), B (50 mg/kg), C (100 mg/kg), D (150 mg/kg), E (200 mg/kg). Observation of color intensity had done once every 10 days for four weeks using TCF (Toca Color Finder). The result showed that the addition of astaxanthin into commercial feeds with different doses has a significant effect on the skin color intensity of green swordtail fish (Xyphophorus helleri). Hence, the concentration of 200 mg/kg Astaxanthin had the optimum skin color intensity of green swordtail fish (Xyphophorus helleri).
Probabilistic photovoltaic power forecasting model based on deterministic forecasts
Authors: Fernandez-Jimenez L. Alfredo , Terreros-Olarte Sonia , Zorzano-Santamaria Pedro J. , Mendoza-Villena Montserrat , Garcia-Garrido Eduardo
Published: February 2020

This paper presents an original probabilistic photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting model for the day-ahead hourly generation in a PV plant. The probabilistic forecasting model is based on 12 deterministic models developed with different techniques. An optimization process, ruled by a genetic algorithm, chooses the forecasts of the deterministic models in order to achieve the probability distribution function (PDF) for the PV generation in each one of the daylight hours of the following day in a parametric approach. The PDFs, which constitute the probabilistic forecasts, are a mixture of normal distributions, each one centred in the forecasts of the selected deterministic models. The genetic algorithm chooses the deterministic forecasts, the variance of the normal distributions and their weights in the mixture. In a case study the proposed model achieves better forecasting results than the obtained with the conditional quantile regression method applied to the same data used to develop the deterministic forecasting models.
Maximum Power Point tracking for a stand-alone photovoltaic system using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Ghedhab Nabila , Youcefettoumi Fatiha , Loukriz Abdelhamid , Jouama Allaeddine
Published: February 2020

This paper presents an intelligent method to extract the maximum power from the photovoltaic panel using artificial neural network (ANN). The inputs data required for training the ANN controller are obtained from real weather conditions and the desired output is obtained from perturb and observe (P&O) method. The proposed model is capable to improve the dynamic response and steady-state performance of the system, provides an accurate identification of the optimal operating point and an accurate estimation of the maximum power from the photovoltaic panels. The proposed ANN model is compared with conventional P&O model and shown that ANN controller could increase the power output by approximately 20%. The system is simulated and studied using MATLAB software.
Efficiency of Surber net under different substrate and flow conditions: insights for macroinvertebrates sampling and river biomonitoring
Authors: Doretto Alberto , Bo Tiziano , Bona Francesca , Fenoglio Stefano
Published: February 2020

In biomonitoring great attention has been paid on the selection of the best indices and metrics, often neglecting a simple but fundamental aspect: how reliable are the sampling methodologies? We tested the efficiency of the Surber net in collecting stream macroinvertebrates by comparing two samples collected consecutively on the same plot. We found that substrate particle size and water depth and velocity significantly affected sampling efficiency, especially regarding the total taxa richness, EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) richness and density. This study therefore provides useful insights to collect stream macroinvertebrates using the Surber net under different near-bed conditions.
Improved Memetic Algorithm for Multi-depot Multi-objective Capacitated Arc Routing Problem
Authors: Wan Jie , Chen Xinghan , Li Ruichang
Published: February 2020

The capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) is a challenging vehicle routing problem with numerous real-world applications. In this paper, an extended version of CARP, the multi-depot multi-objective capacitated arc routing problem (MDMOCARP) is proposed to tackle practical requirements. Firstly, the critical edge decision mechanism and the critical edge random allocation mechanism are proposed to optimize edges between depots. Secondly, a novel adaptive probability of local search with fitness is proposed to improve the Decomposition-Based Memetic Algorithm for Multi-Objective CARP (D-MAENS). Compared with the D-MAENS algorithm, experimental results on MD-CARP instances show that the improved memetic algorithm (IMA) has performed significantly better than D-MAENS on convergence and diversity in the metric IGD and the metric HV.
Research on Passenger Flow Early Warning of Urban Rail Transit Station Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Chen Hui , Wang Bo , He Wei , Zheng Jianhu
Published: February 2020

Large-scale passenger flows occur frequently during the peak hours of urban rail transit stations and on holidays. Thus, the timely and accurate early warning of impending large-scale passenger flows can positively impact the operational safety of the entire station. By further deepening the definition of passenger flow warnings in stations, a new model of urban rail transit station passenger flow based on system dynamics is constructed. The method of determining the key area of passenger flows in the early warning stage based on streamlines is proposed; the key indicators and thresholds affecting early warnings are studied. Finally, taking a typical station as an example, a station model is built using Anylogic software. The parameter sensitivity analysis is used to determine the impact of each key indicator on the passenger flow in the key area of the station early warning, and the reference threshold of each indicator is determined.
A High-speed Train Timetable Rescheduling Approach in case of Disturbances
Authors: Gao Xinyu
Published: February 2020

This paper from a macroscopic viewpoint develops a train timetable rescheduling approach on a single high-speed railway line under disturbances, i.e. inevitable train delays in the duration of the train operation. A mixed-integer linear programming model is formulated to minimize the arrival delay and the departure delay altogether. The commercial optimization software CPLEX is adopted in an effort to seek the optimal solution in an acceptably short time required in the real-time rescheduling process. The proposed approach is further tested on a real-world case study and the numerical results show that compared with the results obtain by the traditional genetic algorithm, using CPLEX to solve the model can yield better solutions and consume the desired computation time, thereby demonstrating its effectiveness and efficiency.
Modelling Mode Choice at Sharjah University City, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Obaid Lubna , Hamad Khaled
Published: February 2020

A growing interest in the behaviour of travelers to university campuses has recently emerged whether by university administrators or transport officials. Understanding the modal choice determinants of university travellers increases the opportunity for finding appropriate policies and solutions to reduce traffic congestion and parking needs as well as to encourage active transportation hence achieving more sustainable mobility. This research study investigates the differences in mode choice habits among the various groups of travellers to Sharjah University City (SUC) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), including students, staff, faculty, and university visitors. A revealed preference survey was distributed randomly throughout SUC. Using information collected from this survey, multinomial discrete logit choice models were developed to evaluate the SUC travellers’ mode-choice likelihood for the following modes: car, private bus, public bus, taxi, and active transport (walking and biking). It was found that travel time, travel distance, trip makers’ characteristics (gender, citizenship, car ownership, car sharing, and the number of cars per household), and other contributing factors ( Weathers conditions, Infrastructure adequacy, and bus services quality) are the main factors that affect significantly the mode choice at SUC. Further, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to study how the considered factors influence the mode choice. The developed model can be used in future studies to predict travel demand at SUC in response to new policies and solutions set by university administrators or transport officials.
Application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for Regional Development: Case Studies in Integrated Functional Approach
Authors: Gharehbaghi Koorosh , Hurst Neville , Robson Kathryn
Published: February 2020

This paper evaluates the application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) specifically as a part of regional development. Although ITS has been extensively studied in the context of city-wide developments, research on such developments for the regional enhancement is scarce. Importantly, transportation development for regional areas differs to that of traditional urban provinces. Whilst the transportation developments in urban areas need to concentrate on a range of diverse community requirements, for regional areas, such population are less diverse and more alike. Consequently, developed ITS in the regional areas needs to concentrate on more homogeneous communities and their needs. There are many factors influencing regional transportation developments, however functionality is one of the most critical aspects. Although functionality is an important aspect of all developments, it is considered to be the most crucial factor for regional areas. Fittingly, this paper will examine some of the most important transportation functionality issues for regional areas. To further explore this theme, the surrounding areas of Fukushima and Tokyo were studied to highlight their regional transportation requirements. These two case studies were then compared using factor analysis method. The comparison generally found that, due to its geographical location Fukushima aligned its regional functionalities more broadly. Further, this paper proposes a streamlined approach to analyze the successful application of transportation development in the Fukushima and Tokyo regional areas. To do so, an integrated functional approach was carefully undertaken. The proposed approach specifically focused on incorporating mobility and ITS as the key ingredients for the regional developments. It was found that, such integrated functional approach would therefore increase innovation and productivity as the result of successful application of ITS for regional development.
Hands on Wheel Classification Based on Depth Images and Neural Networks
Authors: Schmitz Jan-Christoph , Tilgner Stephan , Kalischewski Kathrin , Wagner Daniel , Kummert Anton
Published: February 2020

This paper describes a system to automatically observe if the driver has his hands on the wheel, which is important to know that he can intervene if necessary. To accomplish this an artificial neural network is used, which utilizes depth information captured by a camera in the roof module of the car. This means that the driver and the steering wheel are viewed from above. The created classification system is described. It is designed to require as little computational effort as possible, since the target application is on an embedded system in the car. A dataset is presented and the effect of a class imbalance that is incorporated in it is studied. Furthermore, it is examined which part, i.e. the depth or the intensity image, of the available data is important to achieve the best possible performance. Finally, by examining a learning curve, an experiment is made to find out whether the recording of further training data would be reasonable.
Érosion et accrétion de matériaux granulaires humides
Authors: Sauret Alban , Saingier Guillaume , Jop Pierre
Published: February 2020

Le comportement des matériaux granulaires humides hétérogènes, éléments incontournables de nombreux processus industriels et géophysiques, résiste encore à une modélisation complète. L’interaction des grains avec une phase liquide doit être éclaircie afin d’optimiser les procédés de mélange, notamment la dispersion des grains d’un agrégat cohésif. Modéliser ces interactions permettrait aussi de mieux décrire des éboulements granulaires dont les propriétés mécaniques évoluent avec des variations de teneur en liquide et de répartition spatiale.

Des recherches actuelles se tournent vers la compréhension des échanges dans ces matériaux, pour isoler les mécanismes par lesquels des grains se mélangent à un liquide ou à une phase granulaire humide.
Spondylodiscitis: experience of surgical management of complicated cases after failed antibiotic treatment
Authors: Kamal Abdullah Mohammed , El-Sharkawi Mohammad M. , El-Sabrout Moataz , Hassan Mohammad Gamal
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The term Spondylodiscitis (SD) involves infection of the vertebra (Spondylitis), infection of the intervertebral disc (Discitis), or both (Spondylodiscitis). SD represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to any spine surgeon. Any delay in its diagnosis or management may cause serious long-term morbidity or even lead to mortality. In this study, we report the experience of our Institution in the management of severe and complicated cases of SD.Methods: Over a period of 1 year, 39 patients with the diagnosis of SD were surgically treated in Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. The management processes were tailored according to the clinical condition, radiological and lab studies of each case; and patients were then prospectively followed-up until they were cured (for a minimum of 6 months). The outcomes were analyzed, to be able to give recommendations while aiming to improve the overall outcome of such dangerous health issue.Results: In this series, patients were managed surgically by drainage and debridement of the infection site with/without instrumented fusion. Results included: satisfactory fusion was achieved in 97.3% of patients (confidence interval [CI] = 0.6856–1.3421). Neurological Improvement Rate (NIR) was 71.5% (Statistically significant improvementP-value = 0.014) and reoperation rate was 5% (CI = 0.00621–0.18525). Mortality rate was 7.7% (CI = 0.016–0.209). Several aspects were analyzed in each case.Conclusion: Surgical management of severe and complicated cases of SD allows for effective debridement and rapid cure of inflammation, earlier patient mobilization and significantly shorter duration of antibiotic usage.
Schockraummanagement – von der Alarmierung bis zum interdisziplinären Weiterbehandlungskonzept
Authors: Spering Chistopher , Sehmisch Stephan , Lehmann Wolfgang
Published: February 2020

Schockraummanagement bedeutet interdisziplinäre Teamarbeit und gemeinsame Reflexion. Dabei steht die optimale Versorgung des Schwerverletzten im Vordergrund. Daher sollte das Schockraumteam nach gezielten Kriterien alarmiert und ggf. abgestuft mobilisiert werden. Die Indikation hierfür kann zum Zeitpunkt der Alarmierung nur der Notarzt stellen, da er zu diesem Zeitpunkt als Einziger den Zustand des Patienten kennt. Das vollständige Team soll den Patienten im Schockraum erwarten. Die dann folgende Schockraumversorgung folgt den standortspezifischen an das ATLS®- bzw. ETC®-Kurskonzept angepassten Algorithmen. Standard Operating Procedures können helfen, auch unübersichtliche Schockraumversorgungen positiv umzusetzen oder ein unerfahrenes Team zu lenken. Der Schockraum fungiert als Bindeglied zwischen der Präklinik und der klinischen Definitivversorgung.
Ependymoma in a dwarf goat
Authors: Kühl Bianca , Peters Martin , Gies Nicole , Wohlsein Peter
Published: February 2020

Ependymomas are relatively rare neuroglial tumours that derive from ependymal cells, lining the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.
They occur particularly in dogs, while reports in goats are extremely scarce. A 15-year-old female dwarf goat was found in lateral recumbency, developed
opisthotonus and was killed humanely. Necropsy revealed a well-demarcated, non-encapsulated mass in the diencephalon at the level of the interthalamic adhesion.
Histologically, the neoplasm showed highly cellular sheets of tumour cells with occasional perivascular pseudorosettes and true rosettes. Immunohistochemistry
revealed an extensive and perivascularly accentuated expression of S100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein, while vimentin expression was observed to a
minor extent. Tumour cells were negative for cytokeratin and CNPase. Ultrastructurally, intercellular junctions were present, but cilia and blepharoblasts were
lacking. The presented findings are consistent with a cellular subtype of an ependymoma. Ependymomas should be regarded as a rare cause of central nervous signs
in goats.
Nervenschmerz ≠ Nervenschmerz
Authors: Tampin Brigitte
Published: February 2020

Nervenschmerz ist nicht gleich Nervenschmerz. Um Patienten mit ausstrahlenden Schmerzen, bei denen die Nerven eine Rolle spielen könnten, adäquat zu therapieren,
sind eine gründliche Untersuchung und ein fundiertes Clinical Reasoning unerlässlich. Nur dadurch entpuppen sich die beiden Patientinnen mit fast identischen
Symptomen als sehr unterschiedlich.
Potential Cytotoxicity, Pharmacokinetics, and Excretion Properties of Sapindoside B from the Seeds of Nigella sativa var. hispidula
Authors: Hu Xingjiang , Lin Meihua , Zhu Wei , Zheng Yunliang , Zhang Qiao , Wu Guolan , Qiu Yunqing
Published: February 2020

The seeds of Nigella sativa var. hispidula are widely used in food preparation by the Uighur people in western China. Recently, series of oleanane triterpenoid saponins were extracted from the seeds of Nigella sativa var. hispidula, especially α-hederin as representative that exhibited strong antitumor activity. Compared to α-hederin, sapindoside B has just 1 more terminal xylopyranose in the 3-O position and displays similar effects against various human cancer cell lines with cisplatin. Considering this potential cytotoxic activity, a reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify sapindoside B in rat plasma, urine, and feces. Chromatographic separation was conducted on an Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq (3.0 × 150 mm, 3.5 µm) column via an isocratic elution procedure with acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid. Mass spectrometric detection was coupled with an electrospray ionization source in the MRM mode. The linear range of calibration curves was 15 ~ 3000 ng/mL in plasma/urine and 30 ~ 3000 ng/g in feces. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 11.1%, and accuracy ranged from 92.2% to 108.7%. The proposed method was validated and shown to be reliable, precise, and accurate and was successfully applied to its pharmacokinetics and excretion studies. Sapindoside B exhibited dosage-dependent pharmacokinetics in the range of 2.5 mg/kg to 12.5 mg/kg, and only about 2% of intravenous dose of sapindoside B was excreted by the feces and urine in its unchanged form over 48 h. These results provide further data support for evaluating the druggability of sapindoside B.
Synthesis of 3-Oxoisoindoline-1-carboxamides through Sequential Four-Component Ugi Reaction/Oxidative Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Amiri Kamran , Anwar Muhammad U.
Published: February 2020

This paper describes a diversity-oriented approach to the formation of 3-oxoisoindoline-1-carboxamide derivatives utilizing the potential of the nitro group as a directing group. The reaction proceeds through a novel class of post-transformation reactions through a sequential four-component Ugi reaction/oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. The 3-oxoisoindoline-1-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized in the presence of a base under mild reaction conditions with high regio- and chemoselectivity. The aerobic oxidation, high bond-forming efficiency, high atom economy, and good to excellent yields are the main advantages of this approach.
PFLEGEPERSONALBEMESSUNGSINSTRUMENT: 40 000 bis 80 000 neue Pflegestellen nötig
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: February 2020

DKG, Verdi und DPR haben Anfang der Woche Gesundheitsminister Jens Spahn ihr gemeinsam erarbeitetes Instrument zur verbindlichen Bemessung des notwendigen Pflegepersonalsbedarfs und der Pflegepersonalausstattung vorgestellt. Damit haben sie – entgegen vieler Unkenrufe – ihren selbstgesetzten Auftrag aus der Konzertierten Aktion Pflege (KAP) fristgerecht erfüllt.
MANAGER DES JAHRES 2019: Liebling der Aktionäre
Authors: Ehrhardt-Joswig Jana
Published: February 2020

Enno Spillner verantwortet seit 2016 die Finanzen des Biotechnologieunternehmens Evotec. Seitdem hat das börsennotierte Unternehmen Umsatz- und Gewinnsprünge hingelegt, die die Aktionäre jubeln lassen. Die Thieme Group kürte den 49-Jährigen dafür gemeinsam mit dem Club der Gesundheitswirtschaft zum „Manager des Jahres 2019“.
DIGITALISIERUNG: So holen Sie Ihr Team ins Boot
Authors: Muller Janine
Published: February 2020

Neben der Bindung von Fachkräften wird eine der größten Herausforderungen der nächsten Jahre darin bestehen, das Personal auf allen medizinischen Ebenen von den Erleichterungen und Möglichkeiten der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung zu überzeugen.
PATIENT ENGAGEMENT: Patienten wollen mehr
Authors: Teuber Ibo , Posern Sandra , Knahl Constanze
Published: February 2020

Digitale Technologien im Gesundheitsbereich entwickeln sich schneller als zuvor, doch Patienten finden bislang wenige echte digitale Anknüpfungspunkte an das Gesundheitssystem. Versorger haben die große Chance, sich durch eine „Digitale Agenda“ von Wettbewerbern abzuheben.
ROSTOCKER KLINIK-NANNYS: Lachen ist die beste Medizin
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: February 2020

Die Zeiten, in denen Kinder im Krankenhaus sich selbst überlassen wurden, sind an der Rostocker Uniklinik vorbei: Im Rahmen des Projektes „Tommy nicht allein“ betreuen Studenten die kleinen Patienten auf der Kinderstation und entlasten damit Eltern und Pflegende.
PFLEGEBERUFEGESETZ: Neue Chancen für die Pflege
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: February 2020

Am 1. Januar 2020 traten das neue Pflegeberufegesetz und mit ihm erstmalig bundesweite Rahmenpläne in Kraft. Sandra Bensch, Professorin für Pflegepraxis und Pflegedidaktik an der Katholischen Hochschule Mainz, sieht darin viel Potenzial.
HOCHSCHULMEDIZIN: Universitätsmedizin der Zukunft
Authors: Albrecht Michael
Published: February 2020

Die Universitätsmedizin prägt über die von ihr erbrachten Versorgungsleistungen hinaus maßgeblich die Qualität des deutschen Gesundheitssystems. Sie bildet die zukünftige Ärztegeneration aus, führt Innovationen in das Gesundheitssystem ein und forscht für eine bessere Versorgung. Darüber hinaus ist sie das Bindeglied des deutschen Gesundheitswesens zur internationalen medizinischen Wissenschaft und zum sich global entwickelnden medizinisch-technischen Fortschritt.
Deaf band-based prediction of Dirac cone in acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Indaleeb Mustahseen M. , Ahmed Hossain , Saadatzi Mohammadsadegh , Banerjee Sourav
Published: February 2020

Through an alternative paradigm, a predictive design of a Dirac-like point is introduced in a linear periodic metamaterial for the spatial guidance of acoustic waves. Dirac conelike dispersion at the Г point (for k→=0) in a Brillouin zone is called a “Dirac-like cone,” which seldom occurs due to accidental degeneracy. However, a deaf band-based predictive model shows incredible potential to achieve an engineered Dirac cone at a predictive pivoted frequency. A targeted Dirac cone at a higher frequency is carried out in this article validating the orthogonal energy transport in a spiral pattern. The dominance of asymmetric deaf band modes triggers total internal reflection and guiding of acoustic waves inside phononic crystals. To elucidate the versatility of this methodology, experimental validation of orthogonal wave transport is presented.
A multi-channel parameters adjustable magnetic field generator
Authors: Chen Yimei , Gao Guohui , Xiong Hui , Liu Jinzhen , Wang Yuling
Published: February 2020

In order to increase the security and flexibility of the magnetic field generator, a multi-channel parameters adjustable (MCPA) magnetic field generator is designed and implemented in this paper. The circuit topology of the MCPA magnetic field generator is presented. The working principle of MCPA is analyzed. The pulse current is measured and verified by experiments. The results show that the pulsed current amplitude is adjustable under 1000 A, the adjustment range of the effective pulse width is 0–160 µs, and the adjustment range of the frequency is 1–10 Hz. The magnetic field intensity at 2.5 cm below the scalp of the brain was measured when the three channels were working at the same time. It can be seen that the intensity of the magnetic field in the central area is apparently higher than that in the surrounding. The channels of MCPA can also be chosen flexibly as needed. Therefore, it has a very high application and research value in the field of biological magnetism therapy.
Conformational sampling and kinetics changes across a non-Arrhenius break point in the enzyme thermolysin
Authors: Dong Ming , Lauro Mackenzie L. , Koblish Timothy J. , Bahnson Brian J.
Published: February 2020

Numerous studies have suggested a significant role that protein dynamics play in optimizing enzyme catalysis, and changes in conformational sampling offer a window to explore this role. Thermolysin from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus rokko, which is a heat-stable zinc metalloproteinase, serves here as a model system to study changes of protein function and conformational sampling across a temperature range of 16–36 °C. The temperature dependence of kinetics of thermolysin showed a biphasic transition at 26 °C that points to potential conformational and dynamic differences across this temperature. The non-Arrhenius behavior observed resembled results from previous studies of a thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme, which also indicated a biphasic transition at ambient temperatures. To explore the non-Arrhenius behavior of thermolysin, room temperature crystallography was applied to characterize structural changes in a temperature range across the biphasic transition temperature. The alternate conformation of side chain fitting to electron density of a group of residues showed a higher variability in the temperature range from 26 to 29 °C, which indicated a change in conformational sampling that correlated with the non-Arrhenius break point.
Research on injection charge characteristics of long streamer under positive lightning impulse voltage
Authors: Geng Yinan
Published: February 2020

Streamer is the main process of air gap discharge, and the injection charge characteristics of a long streamer under positive impulse voltage are of great significance for revealing the discharge mechanism of long air gap, selecting reasonable air gap distance, optimizing insulation configuration, and solving the key problems faced by current transmission engineering. Taking the 1 m rod–plate gap as the research object, the long streamer with a length of 20–35 cm was obtained at the rod electrode head by applying positive lightning impulse voltage, and the total injection space charge with a different radius and length was obtained by measuring the streamer discharge current at the high voltage end and integrating it. The empirical formulas between the total injection charge and the initial voltage and the length of the streamer are deduced theoretically and verified by experimental data. The total injection charge has a linear relationship with the square of the initial voltage and the square of the streamer length. The key physical parameters such as the initial physical process of the streamer under impulse voltage, the minimum initial field strength of the streamer, and the internal electric field in the streamer region are also discussed. Research and discussions [Ebert and Sentman, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41, 230301 (2008)] were carried out.
Ion pair correlations due to interference between solvent polarizations induced in water
Authors: Banerjee Puja , Bagchi Biman
Published: February 2020

Motions of two distinct ions can get correlated because the polarization induced by the ions can propagate through intervening water and can interfere with each other. This important aspect, which is not included in the continuum model based theories, has not been studied adequately. We calculate the effective force between two oppositely charged and similarly charged ions fixed in water as a function of separation distance R. At short separations, R less than 1.5 nm, the effective force vastly differs from the 1/εsR2 dependence advocated by the screened Coulomb’s force law (SCFL), where εs is the static dielectric constant of the medium. This breakdown of the SCFL is shown to be due to the persistent interference between the polarizations created by the two charges in a manner similar to the vortex–antivortex pair formation in the XY model Hamiltonian. The distance dependence of dielectric constants, εs(R), extracted from our simulation exhibits interesting features and can be used in future modeling. In addition, we show that the force–force time autocorrelation between two neighboring ions decays differently at short separation and analyze the friction on the ion pair at different separation distances.
Hydrodynamics of flow over two-dimensional dunes
Authors: Dey Subhasish , Paul Prianka , Fang Hongwei , Padhi Ellora
Published: February 2020

The turbulence characteristics in flow over and within the interface of two-dimensional dunes are investigated experimentally. Besides the spatial flow and turbulence quantities, their double-averaged profiles are also analyzed. The flow over dunes is recognized to be a wake-interference flow, where the decelerated flow at the immediate downstream of the crest causes the kolk-boil effect. The flow reattachment can be explained from the perspective of the Coandă effect. The inner boundary layer edge follows the locus of the inflection points of velocity profiles having a velocity defect. The Reynolds shear stress profiles attain their respective peaks along this locus. In addition, the dispersive shear stress initiates from the edge of the form-induced sublayer being negative, indicating a spatially decelerated flow. The third-order correlations reveal that an inrush of rapidly moving fluid streaks coupled with a downward-downstream Reynolds stress diffusion prevails within the interfacial sublayer, while an arrival of slowly moving fluid streaks coupled with an upward-upstream stress diffusion governs the flow zone above the crest. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) flux results corroborate the similar findings. Concerning the TKE budget, the dispersive kinetic energy diffusion is found to be substantial within the roughness sublayer. The budget terms exhibit their respective peaks near the crest. The production rate is greater than the dissipation rate. However, the TKE diffusion and pressure energy diffusion rates are negative in the interfacial sublayer. The bursting analysis endorses that the sweeps and ejections govern within the interfacial sublayer and the flow zone above the crest, respectively.
The future of mitigating moon dust
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: February 2020

Research on plasma dust charging might have applications in mitigating moon dust complications on impending manned space missions.
Rapid eradication assessment (REA): a tool for pest absence confirmation
Authors: Kim Juliana H. K. , Corson Peter , Mulgan Nick , Russell James C.
Published: February 2020

Abstract
ContextEradication of invasive species is necessary to protect and assist the recovery of native species and ecosystems. Knowing when to declare an eradication has been successful after ongoing non-detections is a challenge.
AimsThe rapid eradication assessment (REA) model is a powerful simulation framework to determine, given model parameters and a fixed level of monitoring effort, the level of confidence in declaring the success of pest eradication. The aim of the present study was to extend the current functionality of the REA model for broader applicability.
MethodsThe REA model was advanced so that it was able to account for (1) usage of multiple static device types with different probabilities of detection, (2) incursion detection at a known location and (3) usage of mobile detection devices, which are increasingly being used in conservation.
Key resultsAn invasive rat incursion response on Great Mercury Island in New Zealand is used as a comprehensive example to demonstrate the distribution of estimated probability of pest absence among the cases using the current REA model and the extensions presented here.
ConclusionsAlthough Great Mercury Island already had a sparse but extensive island-wide network of static biosecurity surveillance devices, and deployed additional static devices around the area of incursion, the greatest improvement in the estimated probability of pest absence following a rat incursion was from additionally using a trained rodent-detection dog.
ImplicationsThe added functionality in the REA model and demonstration of its use on a real-world scenario will allow more realistic application by wildlife managers.
Veridical data science
Authors: Yu Bin , Kumbier Karl
Published: February 2020

Building and expanding on principles of statistics, machine learning, and scientific inquiry, we propose the predictability, computability, and stability (PCS) framework for veridical data science. Our framework, composed of both a workflow and documentation, aims to provide responsible, reliable, reproducible, and transparent results across the data science life cycle. The PCS workflow uses predictability as a reality check and considers the importance of computation in data collection/storage and algorithm design. It augments predictability and computability with an overarching stability principle. Stability expands on statistical uncertainty considerations to assess how human judgment calls impact data results through data and model/algorithm perturbations. As part of the PCS workflow, we develop PCS inference procedures, namely PCS perturbation intervals and PCS hypothesis testing, to investigate the stability of data results relative to problem formulation, data cleaning, modeling decisions, and interpretations. We illustrate PCS inference through neuroscience and genomics projects of our own and others. Moreover, we demonstrate its favorable performance over existing methods in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in high-dimensional, sparse linear model simulations, including a wide range of misspecified models. Finally, we propose PCS documentation based on R Markdown or Jupyter Notebook, with publicly available, reproducible codes and narratives to back up human choices made throughout an analysis. The PCS workflow and documentation are demonstrated in a genomics case study available on Zenodo.
Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection
Authors: de Wit Emmie , Feldmann Friederike , Cronin Jacqueline , Jordan Robert , Okumura Atsushi , Thomas Tina , Scott Dana , Cihlar Tomas , Feldmann Heinz
Published: February 2020

The continued emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases with a high case fatality rate stresses the need for the availability of effective antiviral treatments. Remdesivir (GS-5734) effectively inhibited MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in vitro, and showed efficacy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV in a mouse model. Here, we tested the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir treatment in a nonhuman primate model of MERS-CoV infection, the rhesus macaque. Prophylactic remdesivir treatment initiated 24 h prior to inoculation completely prevented MERS-CoV−induced clinical disease, strongly inhibited MERS-CoV replication in respiratory tissues, and prevented the formation of lung lesions. Therapeutic remdesivir treatment initiated 12 h postinoculation also provided a clear clinical benefit, with a reduction in clinical signs, reduced virus replication in the lungs, and decreased presence and severity of lung lesions. The data presented here support testing of the efficacy of remdesivir treatment in the context of a MERS clinical trial. It may also be considered for a wider range of coronaviruses, including the currently emerging novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.
The fundamental role of position in affix identity
Authors: Carden Julia R. , Barreyro Juan P. , Segui Juan , Jaichenco Virginia
Published: February 2020

Previous research suggests that while free morpheme identification during visual word recognition is
position-independent, suffixes are activated only when they occur after the stem. Surprisingly, prefix position coding has not yet
been assessed. This point is important given that some experimental studies demonstrated clear processing differences between
prefixes and suffixes. In this study we examined whether Spanish suffixes and prefixes are recognized independently of their
position by adapting the Crepaldi, Rastle, and Davis’s (2010) experimental paradigm. We
observed that morphologically structured nonwords in which the affix occurs in its typical position (e.g., curiosura,
disgrave) are rejected more slowly and less accurately than their matched orthographic controls (e.g.,
curiosula, dusgrave). Crucially, such morpheme interference effect is completely absent when the morphemes
are inverted (i.e., uracurios and gravedis are rejected as easily as ulacurios
and gravedus). Our data provide strong support to the hypothesis that all affix processing is sensitive to
position.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of low-temperature and low-speed extruded Mg–3Sn–2Al–1Zn alloy
Authors: Yan Xudong , Ding Wucheng , Guo Wenwen , Wu Jianxun , Shu Hong , Chen Yungui
Published: February 2020

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg–3Sn–2Al–1Zn (TAZ321) alloy extruded at 180–250°C and at a ram speed of 0.08 mm/s were investigated by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, tensile testing and microhardness tester. The results indicate that the as-extruded alloy shows ultrafine dynamic recrystallisation grains, nanoscale Mg2Sn precipitates of 50–80 nm, strong texture and excellent mechanical properties, the degree of which mainly depends on the extrusion temperature. The tensile yield strength and elongation vary from 413 MPa and 6.7% of TAZ321 extruded at 180°C to 312 MPa and 14.1% of TAZ321 extruded at 250°C, which can be regulated flexibly.
Modeling chlorine-produced oxidant demand and dilution in chlorinated combined sewer overflow discharges
Authors: Taterka Austin , Miskewitz Robert , Sharp Robert R. , Patoczka Jurek
Published: February 2020

Combined sewer overflow (CSO) water introduces pathogens to receiving waters. To control pathogenic releases, chlorine may be added to disinfect CSO water. The added chlorine may react with water constituents to form oxidative species known as chlorine-produced oxidants (CPO). CPO are
the sum of free and combined oxidative species that form upon adding free chlorine-bearing compounds (e.g. gaseous chlorine or hypochlorite) to water. CPO discharge is often regulated by governing agencies. Current methods to model CPO behavior do not account for CPO decay and dilution simultaneously
in receiving water. This study creates a novel model for CPO demand and dilution in receiving water from chlorinated effluent in order to determine site-specific practices for implementation of a CSO water disinfection regime. To do this, representative receiving water was collected and dosed
with 1, 2, and 4 mg/L chlorine. The residual chlorine was measured at intervals up to 30 min after dosing. The immediate and subsequent chlorine demand was calculated, with the subsequent demand modeled by simultaneous application of dilution and decay using pseudo-first-order
decay kinetics. A comparison of model calculations indicates that application of dilution before decay underestimates CPO demand, while application of decay before dilution overestimates CPO demand.
Anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes activities of agarwood extracts from Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke and their cytotoxicity
Authors: Sukito A , Darmawan S , Turjaman M
Published: February 2020

Gyrinops versteegii is an endemic plant in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, which produce agarwood. In vitro anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes activities from several extracts of agarwood produced by G. versteegii were investigated. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging activity assay was used to determine the anti-oxidant activity, whereas the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay was conducted to determine the anti-diabetes activity. The toxicity test using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and phytochemical analysis were also conducted in this experiment. As the results, the acetone extracts of infected wood of G. versteegii had the highest anti-oxidant activity with the IC50 value of 65.62 μg/mL, whereas the acetone extracts of agarwood had the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 53.46 μg/mL. The toxicity test to the both samples shows the high toxicity with the LC50 values of 1.98 and 15.44 μg/mL, respectively. The high anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes activities in both of the acetone extracts of infected wood and agarwood may be caused by their high content of total phenolic (12.75 and 9.17%, respectively) and total flavonoid (19.96 and 14.34%, respectively). The anti-diabetes activity found in agarwood extracts produced by G. versteegii from Lombok is firstly reported.
Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from Macaranga hypoleuca
Authors: Sutrisno E , Tanpichai S. , Chuangchote S.
Published: February 2020

Macaranga hypoleuca is one of the potential native species for natural fibers consisting of long fibers. In M. hypoleuca pulp the main majority is cellulose, followed by hemicellulose and lignin. Based on these characters, it is possible to prepare cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from M. hypoleuca pulp. In this work, CNFs were prepared by the combination of the chemical and mechanical treatments. Those were acid hydrolysis by sulfuric acid and ultrasonication machine forwarded. The aims studies observed the potential of M. hypoleuca pulp as a raw material of CNFs and characteristics of CNFs from M. hypoleuca pulp. The results showed of the CNFs had widths of 42 ± 7.27 nm and crystallinity of 76.9%. The decomposition temperature of the CNFs was of 332 °C. This could be value added to M. hypoleuca trees, and the CNFs extracted from this M. hypoleuca pulp might be useful for composite applications.
A review paper: the potency of biochar as bioconditioner and carbon-offset
Authors: Gusmailina  , Saputra N A
Published: February 2020

Biochar presents the biochar whereby its use focuses on soil improver, known also as a biomaterial-derived product, resulting from decomposition of biomass in an oxygen-free or pyrolysis environment. This study observes the effect of the biochar amendment against pH and activity of soil microorganism. Bacterial identification has been carried out using standards applied in the Indonesian Centre for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (ICBB) laboratory. The result showed that the increase in the activity of soil microorganisms increased 3-fold compared to controls. References survey were conducted to show the benefits of biochar amendment: seedling growth, increased agricultural commodities and carbon offsets.
Nostalgia, Adaptation, and (Textual) Identity: Luca Guadagnino’s ‘Desire Trilogy’
Authors: Melnikova Irina
Published: February 2020

This essay focuses on the ‘desire trilogy’ by Italian director Luca Guadagnino to reveal how it embodies nostalgic longing in its discursive structure. The essay examines how the films address matters of nostalgia and adaptation, how they trace an ‘absent presence’ and refer to one another, how they configure the hypertextual, intertextual, and architextual dialogue with other texts and media and use multimodal strategies that engage in ‘nostalgic desire’ for the cultural past. The analysis pays special attention to the mediation modes of intertextual references, reconfiguring the concepts of Gérard Genette within the framework of Lars Elleström’s concept of intermediality as intermodality, based on the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce. The study proposes an intermodal approach to the issue of intertextuality and intermediality, exposing the ways in which the engagement of modal strategies in a transtextual dialogue is (or can be) related to the construction of (archi)textual ‘self’.
Antisubjectivism and the End of Art: Heidegger on Hegel
Authors: Siani Alberto L
Published: February 2020

This paper claims that Heidegger’s confrontation with poetry and with Hegel’s end of art thesis can be read as an attempt to restore the highest function of art by deconstructing the ‘modern’ conception of truth underlying Hegel’s thesis. First, I discuss Heidegger’s interpretation of art following his assessment of the failure of metaphysical language to ‘unconceal’ the truth of Being. Second, I analyse, with specific reference to his interpretation of Hölderlin, what I reckon to be the core thread of Heidegger’s philosophy of art, namely his antisubjectivism. Third, I turn to Hegel’s end of art thesis, showing how for him, as well as for Heidegger, the highest function of art is necessarily connected to antisubjectivism, and hence, under the conditions of modernity, is a thing of the past. Finally, I address Heidegger’s reference to Hegel’s thesis, and claim that, while Hegel fully remains within the horizon of modernity, thus affirming the irreversible pastness of art, Heidegger envisages the possibility of abandoning the fundamental orientation of modernity, and hence of revoking the thesis of the pastness of art.
Characterization and regulation of extracellular vesicles in the lumen of the ovine uterus†
Authors: O’Neil Eleanore V , Burns Gregory W , Ferreira Christina R , Spencer Thomas E
Published: February 2020

Secretions of the endometrium are vital for peri-implantation growth and development of the sheep conceptus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in the uterine lumen, emanate from both the endometrial epithelia of the uterus and trophectoderm of the conceptus, and hypothesized to mediate communication between those cell types during pregnancy establishment in sheep. Size-exclusion chromatography and nanoparticle tracking analysis determined that total EV number in the uterine lumen increased from days 10 to 14 of the cycle but was lower on days 12 and 14 of pregnancy in sheep. Intrauterine infusions of interferon tau (IFNT) did not affect total EV number in the uterine lumen. Quantitative mass spectrometric analyses defined proteins and lipids in EVs isolated from the uterine lumen of day 14 cyclic and pregnant sheep. In vitro analyses found that EVs decreased ovine trophectoderm cell proliferation and increased IFNT production without effects on gene expression as determined by RNA-seq. Collective results support the idea EVs impact conceptus growth during pregnancy establishment via effects on trophectoderm cell growth.