bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Ubiquitination in Osteosarcoma Development and Therapies
Authors: Mao Peng , Feng Zuxi , Liu Yong , Zhang Kai , Zhao Guanghai , Lei Zeyuan , Di Tianning , Zhang Haihong
Published: July 2024

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) maintains intracellular protein homeostasis and cellular function by regulating various biological processes. Ubiquitination, a common post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein degradation, signal transduction, and other physiological and pathological processes, and is involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor, is characterized by high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. It is a refractory bone disease, and the main treatment modalities are surgery combined with chemotherapy. Increasing evidence suggests a close association between UPS abnormalities and the progression of osteosarcoma. Due to the complexity and pleiotropy of the ubiquitination system, each step in the ubiquitination process can be targeted by drugs. In recent years, research and development of inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin system have increased gradually, showing great potential for clinical application. This article reviews the role of the ubiquitination system in the development and treatment of osteosarcoma, as well as research progress, with the hope of improving the therapeutic effects and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients by targeting effective molecules in the ubiquitination system.
Stem Cell-Based Acellular Therapy: Insight into Biogenesis, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes
Authors: Choudhery Mahmood S. , Arif Taqdees , Mahmood Ruhma , Harris David T.
Published: July 2024

The vast regenerative potential of stem cells has laid the foundation for stem cell-based therapies. However, certain challenges limit the application of cell-based therapies. The therapeutic use of cell-free therapy can avoid limitations associated with cell-based therapies. Acellular stem cell-based therapies rely on the use of biological factors released by stem cells, including growth factors and extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Due to their comparable regenerative potential, acellular therapies may provide a feasible and scalable alternative to stem cell-based therapies. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by various types of cells, including stem cells. Exosomes contain parent cell-derived nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other bioactive molecules. They play an important role in intra-cellular communication and influence the biological characteristics of cells. Exosomes inherit the properties of their parent cells; therefore, stem cell-derived exosomes are of particular interest for applications of regenerative medicine. In comparison to stem cell-based therapy, exosome therapy offers several benefits, such as easy transport and storage, no risk of immunological rejection, and few ethical dilemmas. Unlike stem cells, exosomes can be lyophilized and stored off-the-shelf, making acellular therapies standardized and more accessible while reducing overall treatment costs. Exosome-based acellular treatments are therefore readily available for applications in patients at the time of care. The current review discusses the use of exosomes as an acellular therapy. The review explores the molecular mechanism of exosome biogenesis, various methods for exosome isolation, and characterization. In addition, the latest advancements in bioengineering techniques to enhance exosome potential for acellular therapies have been discussed. The challenges in the use of exosomes as well as their diverse applications for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases have been reviewed in detail.
Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum): A Bioenergy Resource Overview
Authors: Johannes Lovisa Panduleni , Minh Tran Thi Ngoc , Xuan Tran Dang
Published: July 2024

Elephant grass (EG), or Pennisetum purpureum, is gaining attention as a robust renewable biomass source for energy production amidst growing global energy demands and the push for alternatives to fossil fuels. This review paper explores the status of EG as a sustainable bioenergy resource, integrating various studies to present a comprehensive analysis of its potential in renewable energy markets. Methods employed include assessing the efficiency and yield of biomass conversion methods such as pretreatment for bioethanol production, biomethane yields, direct combustion, and pyrolysis. The analysis also encompasses a technoeconomic evaluation of the economic viability and scalability of using EG for energy production, along with an examination of its environmental impacts, focusing on its water and carbon footprint. Results demonstrate that EG has considerable potential for sustainable energy practices due to its high biomass production and ecological benefits such as carbon sequestration. Despite challenges in cost competitiveness with traditional energy sources, specific applications like small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) systems and charcoal production show economic promise. Conclusively, EG presents a viable option for biomass energy, potentially playing a pivotal role in the biomass sector as the energy landscape shifts towards more sustainable solutions; although, technological and economic barriers need further addressing.
Investigating Degradation in Extrusion-Processed Bio-Based Composites Enhanced with Clay Nanofillers
Authors: Tara Ahmed , Bencharki Mouhja , Gainvors-Claisse Angélique , Berzin Françoise , Jbara Omar , Rondot Sébastien
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the extrusion-based fabrication and characterization of nanocomposites derived from bio-sourced polypropylene (PP) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS: a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable biomass sources such as corn or sugarcane), incorporating Cloisite 20 (C20) clay nanofillers, with a specific focus on their suitability for electrical insulation applications. The research includes biodegradation tests employing the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to evaluate the impact of composition and extrusion conditions. These tests yield satisfactory results, revealing a progressive disappearance of the PBS phase, as corroborated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and a reduction in the intensity of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peaks associated with C-OH and C-O-C bonds in PBS. Despite positive effects on various properties (i.e., barrier, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, etc.), a high clay content (5 wt%) does not seem to enhance biodegradability significantly, highlighting the specific sensitivity of the PBS phase to the addition of clay during this process. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of factors conditioning nanocomposite biodegradation processes and highlights the need for an integrated approach to understanding these processes. This is the first time that research has focused on studying the degradation of nanocomposites for electrical insulation, utilizing partially bio-sourced materials that contain PBS.
No Significant Beneficial Effects of Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine on Patient Outcome in Non-Paracetamol Acute Liver Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Orban Carmen , Agapie Mihaela , Bratu Angelica , Jafal Mugurel , Duțu Mădălina , Popescu Mihai
Published: July 2024

Acute liver failure is a life-threatening organ dysfunction with systemic organ involvement and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity unless specific management is undertaken. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on mortality and the length of hospital stay in patients with non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Two hundred sixty-six studies from four databases were screened, and four randomized control trials were included in the final analysis. Our results could not demonstrate increased overall survival (OR 0.70, 95% CI [0.34, 1.44], p = 0.33) or transplant-free survival (OR 0.90, 95% CI [0.25, 3.28], p = 0.87) in patients treated with intravenous NAC. We observed an increased overall survival in adult patients treated with NAC (OR 0.59, 95% CI [0.35, 0.99], p = 0.05) compared to pediatric patients, but whether this is attributed to the age group or higher intravenous dose administered remains unclear. We did not observe a decreased length of stay in NAC-treated patients (OR −5.70, 95% CI [−12.44, 1.05], p = 0.10). In conclusion, our meta-analysis could not demonstrate any significant benefits on overall and transplant-free patient survival in non-acetaminophen ALF. Future research should also focus on specific etiologies of ALF that may benefit most from the use of NAC.
Effects of Diathermy on Pain in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Úbeda-D’Ocasar Edurne , González-Gerstner Daniela , Cimadevilla-Fernández-Pola Eduardo , Ojedo-Martín Cristina , Hernández-Lougedo Juan , Hervás-Pérez Juan Pablo
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: The main characteristic of fibromyalgia (FM) is generalized musculoskeletal pain. This may be accompanied by muscle and joint stiffness, sleep and mood disorders, anxiety and depression, cognitive dysfunction, and chronic fatigue. It is endemic in developed countries, with a higher prevalence among women than men, and its etiology is still unknown. Diagnosis is made based on chronic generalized pain and through the presence of tender points. The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of diathermy on pain in patients with fibromyalgia. (2) Methods: A single, blind, randomized experimental study was developed with a sample of 31 participants. Measurements were taken and recorded at three different intervals using the following measurement tools: the pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the tender points (TP) of the right and left trochanteric prominence with an algometer, the pain measurement scale, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the sleep quality index (PSQI, Pittsburgh), the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-S), and the scale for anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Sociodemographic data were collected through Google Forms (age, height, weight, Body Mass Index). The intervention took place twice weekly across four weeks of sessions. (3) Results: Statistically significant results were obtained in the right and left trochanter PPT, as well as for anxiety and fatigue in the experimental group. The results obtained show that this treatment has managed to improve the quality of sleep, the impact of disease, chronic fatigue, and anxiety in patients with FM. (4) Conclusions: Diathermy is a tool that can help reduce pain. It can also improve the baseline levels of chronic fatigue, anxiety, the impact of the disease, and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia.
Systemic Effects of Photoactivated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl) Porphyrin on Healthy Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Filošević Vujnović Ana , Čabrijan Sara , Mušković Martina , Malatesti Nela , Andretić Waldowski Rozi
Published: July 2024

Porphyrins are frequently employed in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive technique primarily utilized to treat subcutaneous cancers, as photosensitizing agents (PAs). The development of a new PA with improved tissue selectivity and efficacy is crucial for expanding the application of PDT for the management of diverse cancers. We investigated the systemic effects of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl)-porphyrin (TMPyP3) using Drosophila melanogaster adult males. We established the oral administration schedule and demonstrated that TMPyP3 was absorbed and stored higher in neuronal than in non-neuronal extracts. Twenty-four hours after oral TMPyP3 photoactivation, the quantity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased, but exclusively in the head extracts. Regardless of photoactivation, TMPyP3 resulted in a reduced concentration of H2O2 after 7 days, and this was linked with a decreased capacity to climb, as indicated by negative geotaxis. The findings imply that systemic TMPyP3 therapy may disrupt redox regulation, impairing cellular signaling and behavioral outcomes in the process. To determine the disruptive effect of porphyrins on redox homeostasis, its duration, and the mechanistic variations in retention across various tissues, more research is required.
Calculation of Shear Stress in New-Type Composite Box Girder with Corrugated Steel Webs under Restrained Torsion
Authors: Mao Yana , Liu Shizhong
Published: July 2024

The objective of this paper is to outline a method for the systematic analysis and calculation of the constrained torsional shear stress in corrugated steel web composite box girders. Initially, leveraging Umansky’s secondary theory, the calculation formula for the constrained torsional shear stress within the composite girder is derived from the conditions of cross-sectional torque equilibrium and continuity in warping displacement. Subsequently, a torsion test is conducted using a scaled model of an actual girder. Finally, the constrained torsional shear stress of the corrugated steel web composite girder is examined based on theoretical analyses and the results of torsion testing. The influence of wing plate length and web thickness on the torsional shear stress of the composite girder is also investigated. The findings reveal a strong agreement between the experimental results obtained from model testing and the theoretical calculations. Notably, under torsional constraint, it is observed that the shear stress in the web is maximal and evenly distributed, followed by the bottom plate and then the top plate, with no discernible shear stress observed at the free end of the cantilever plate. Numerical analysis indicates that an increase in the relative width of the cantilever plate initially leads to an increase in shear stress for both the cantilever plate and roof plate, followed by a decrease until reaching a relative width value around 0.6, where the changes tend to stabilize. Moreover, an increase in web thickness results in a monotonic decrease in web shear stress. Additionally, the shear stress of the roof and bottom plate decreases initially before subsequently increasing.
Properties of a Pressureless Sintered 2Y-TZP Material Combining High Strength and Toughness
Authors: Kern Frank , Osswald Bettina
Published: July 2024

Yttria stabilized zirconia materials are frequently used in mechanical engineering and biomedical applications. Demanding loading conditions require materials combining a high level of strength and fracture toughness. A ready-to-press alumina doped 2 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia powder was shaped by axial pressing and sintering in air at 1250–1500 °C for 2 h. At 1350 °C the best combination of strength (1450 MPa) and toughness (7.8 MPa√m) was achieved. Materials sintered in the middle of the chosen temperature range combine full density, high transformability and small grain size. Toughness measurements by direct crack length measurements delivered unrealistically high fracture toughness values.
Probing Slipids Force Field for Phase Transitions in SOPC Lipid Bilayers with Various Cholesterol Concentrations
Authors: Ivanova Nikoleta , Chamati Hassan
Published: July 2024

We explore the phase behavior of lipid bilayers containing SOPC (1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) with various molar concentrations (0 mol%, 10 mol% and 30 mol%) of cholesterol. To this end, we performed extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the Slipids force field with optimized parameters for the headgroups of phospholipids. We computed thermodynamic and structural quantities describing the ordering of the tails, the mobility of the heads and the arrangement of the lipids in the bilayers. We analyzed the behavior of the named quantities over the temperature range between 271 K and 283 K, where the experimentally determined melting temperature, Tm=279 K, lies, as well as at 400 K, which is used as a reference temperature. The obtained results are compared to available experimental data along with the outcome from molecular dynamics simulations of similar phospholipids containing different amounts of cholesterol. In the temperature interval of interest, we found evidence of the occurrence of a thermal-driven phase transition (melting) in both the pure system and the one with the lower concentration of cholesterol, while in the remaining system, the higher amount of cholesterol in the bilayer smears out the transitional behavior. Thus, we demonstrate the ability of the Slipids force field to predict the phase behavior of bilayers of SOPC and SOPC mixed with cholesterol.
A Randomized Controlled Simulation Trial of a Neonatal Resuscitation Digital Game Simulator for Labour and Delivery Room Staff
Authors: Bilodeau Christiane , Schmölzer Georg M. , Cutumisu Maria
Published: July 2024

Background: Healthcare providers (HCPs) working in labour and delivery rooms need to undergo regular refresher courses to maintain their neonatal resuscitation skills, which are shown to decline over time. However, due to their irregular schedules and limited time, HCPs encounter difficulties in readily accessing refresher programs. RETAIN is a digital game that simulates a delivery room to facilitate neonatal resuscitation training for HCPs. Objective: This study aims to ascertain whether participants enjoyed the RETAIN digital game simulator and whether it was at least as good as a video lecture at refreshing and maintaining participants’ neonatal resuscitation knowledge. Methods: In this randomized controlled simulation trial, n = 42 labour and delivery room HCPs were administered a pre-test of neonatal resuscitation knowledge using a manikin. Then, they were randomly assigned to a control or a treatment group. For 20–30 min, participants in the control group watched a neonatal resuscitation lecture video, while those in the treatment group played the RETAIN digital game simulator of neonatal resuscitation scenarios. Then, all participants were administered a post-test identical to the pre-test. Additionally, participants in the treatment group completed a survey of attitudes toward the RETAIN simulator that provided a measure of enjoyment of the RETAIN game simulator. After two months, participants were administered another post-test identical to the pre-test. Results: For the primary outcome (neonatal resuscitation performance), an analysis of variance revealed that participants significantly improved their neonatal resuscitation performance over the first two time points, with a significant decline to the third time point, the same pattern of results across conditions, and no differences between conditions. For the secondary outcome (attitudes toward RETAIN), participants in the treatment condition also reported favourable attitudes toward RETAIN. Conclusions: Labour and delivery room healthcare providers in both groups (RETAIN simulator or video lecture) significantly improved their neonatal resuscitation performance immediately following the intervention, with no group differences. The findings suggest that participants enjoyed interacting with the RETAIN digital game simulator, which provided a similar boost in performance right after use to the more traditional intervention.
Epidemiology of Endocrine Dysfunctions in Pediatric Patients with Previous Central Nervous System Infection: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Sodero Giorgio , Cipolla Clelia , Martino Laura , Gentili Carolina , Rendeli Claudia , Buonsenso Danilo
Published: July 2024

Purpose The incidence of endocrine sequelae following central nervous system (CNS) infections in pediatric age is not known. We conducted this scoping review to assess the incidence of endocrinological alterations in patients with prior CNS infections in pediatric age. Methods Our screening process included both randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. All types of observational studies, prospective and retrospective, have been included. Results Ten studies were included in our review. The cumulative number of patients in all of the studies was 211, the mean age of the population study was 4.9 (±5 years). The included papers described the following acute CNS infections: meningitis (nine studies reported eighty-five cases) and encephalitis (three studies described sixty-five cases). Two case reports and one retrospective study reported hypopituitarism as a consequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CNS infection. In five studies the patients developed endocrine comorbidities at the time of infection. Another study analyzed 49 young adults who previously had tuberculous meningitis at a mean age of 5.9 ± 5.0 years: seven patients had growth hormone deficiency, four of whom also had gonadotropin deficiency; the other three had gonadotropin deficiency, corticotropin deficiency, and mild hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion Standardized multidisciplinary follow-up and research of patients with prior CNS infection is crucial. Although pituitary reserve screening is not commonly performed in these patients, clinical and research centers should set up an endocrinological evaluation with monitoring of auxological parameters to detect the signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism early and to initiate the appropriate care in children with previous CNS infections.
Prenatal and Postnatal Diagnosis and Genetic Background of Corpus Callosum Malformations and Neonatal Follow-Up
Authors: Bartek Virág , Szabó István , Harmath Ágnes , Rudas Gábor , Steiner Tidhar , Fintha Attila , Ács Nándor , Beke Artúr
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The corpus callosum is one of the five main cerebral commissures. It is key to combining sensory and motor functions. Its structure can be pathological (dysgenesis) or completely absent (agenesis). The corpus callosum dys- or agenesis is a rare disease (1:4000 live births), but it can have serious mental effects. Methods: In our study, we processed the data of 64 pregnant women. They attended a prenatal diagnostic center and genetic counseling from 2005 to 2019 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Semmelweis University. Results: The pregnancies had the following outcomes: 52 ended in delivery, 1 in spontaneous abortion, and 11 in termination of pregnancy (TOP) cases (n = 64). The average time of detection with imaging tests was 25.24 gestational weeks. In 16 cases, prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. If the abnormality was detected before the 20th week, a genetic test was performed on an amniotic fluid sample obtained from a genetic amniocentesis. Karyotyping and cytogenetic tests were performed in 15 of the investigated cases. Karyotyping gave normal results in three cases (46,XX or XY). In one of these cases, postnatally chromosomal microarray (CMA) was later performed, which confirmed Aicardi syndrome (3q21.3–21.1 microdeletion). In one case, postnatally, the test found Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome. In other cases, it found X ring, Di George syndrome, 46,XY,del(13q)(q13q22) and 46,XX,del(5p)(p13) (Cri-du-chat syndrome). Edwards syndrome was diagnosed in six cases, and Patau syndrome in one case. Conclusions: We found that corpus callosum abnormalities are often linked to chromosomal problems. We recommend that a cytogenetic test be performed in all cases to rule out inherited diseases. Also, the long-term outcome does not just depend on the disease’s severity and the associated other conditions, and hence proper follow-up and early development are also key. For this reason, close teamwork between neonatology, developmental neurology, and pediatric surgery is vital.
“Our Generation Is Trying to Break Some of That Resistance to Emotions”—A Mixed-Methods Pilot Examination of Tuning in to Kids for Black Parents of Preschoolers in the United States
Authors: Williams Briana J. , Carlson John S.
Published: July 2024

Background: A growing body of literature examines the utility of emotion-focused parenting programs, as behaviorally based programs currently dominate the parenting literature. Few of those studies examine differences in how Black parents may benefit. This mixed-methods pilot study examined preliminary fidelity, efficacy, and acceptability of Tuning in to Kids (TIK), an emotion-focused parenting program targeting parenting practices and children’s emotion regulation through a strengths-based approach. Methods: Pre, post, and one-month follow-up measurements were collected from 21 parents in the United States who were randomly assigned to a treatment (i.e., TIK) or waitlist control group. They were assessed across several self-report parent measures (parental emotion regulation, emotion socialization parenting practices and beliefs) and parent-report of children’s social-emotional competence. Parents in the TIK group completed interviews to further understand their experience participating in the intervention. Results: Descriptive analyses showed general improvements and positive change in parenting practices, beliefs, parental emotion regulation, and children’s self-regulation. Large effect sizes indicate reductions of parents emotion dismissing and distressed reactions to children’s negative emotions. TIK was overall rated as a highly acceptable intervention. Parent interviews offer essential information to provide context to Black parents’ experiences utilizing TIK as well as themes related to challenges in raising Black children with self-regulation difficulties. Conclusions: Overall, these preliminary mixed-methods outcomes suggest that TIK is a promising parenting program to improve Black parents’ emotion regulation, emotion coaching beliefs and positive parenting practices. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of TIK and other emotion-focused parenting programs with Black parents and assess the necessity of future cultural adaptations.
Investigating the Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of Non-Sugar Sweeteners Consumption in Greek School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Apergi Kyriaki , Malisova Olga , Vlassopoulos Antonis , Fidanoglou Philippa , Kandyliari Aikaterini , Kapsokefalou Maria
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: The childhood consumption of non-sugar-sweetened (NSS) soft drinks is a growing concern due to its potential health implications. This study investigated demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors influencing NSS soft drink consumption among children. Methods: A sample of 1304 children and their parents were surveyed. Results: Analysis revealed that nearly 60% reported consuming NSS soft drinks at least once a week. Also, positive associations were found between NSS soft drink consumption and lower socioeconomic status, increased total beverage consumption, higher maternal BMI, and parental soft drink habits. However, upon employing multivariable models, only the association between total and NSS soft drinks consumption remained statistically significant (OR = 18.925, p < 0.05 for children; OR = 3.801, p < 0.05 for parents), highlighting the pivotal role of parental behavior in shaping children’s consumption patterns. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of tracking parental habits, revealing a strong correlation between parental behavior and children’s soft drink consumption patterns. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective public health strategies for children, which should prioritize not only individual behaviors but also parental modeling and household dynamics.
Analysis of YouTube-Based Therapeutic Content for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Do Yerim , Oh Yunjae , Kim Na Young , Hong Juntaek
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) causes movement and posture challenges due to central nervous system damage, requiring lifelong management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was limited access to facility-based treatments, which increased the demand for home-based therapies and digital resources. We analyzed the qualitative and quantitative aspects of YouTube videos focusing on CP therapy for children. Methods: A total of 95 videos were evaluated for content quality using the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tool and Global Quality Scale (GQS). The therapeutic program efficacy was assessed via the International Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise and Training (i-CONTENT) tool, Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise Training (CONTENT) scale, and Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), and popularity was measured by the video power index (VPI). Results: YouTube-based therapeutic videos for children with CP generally exhibit reliability in video content and effectiveness in therapeutic programming, and no correlations were found between video popularity and quality. However, the qualitative analysis reveals insufficient mention of uncertainty in the treatment principles within the video content as well as a lack of detailed treatment descriptions encompassing aspects such as intensity, frequency, timing, setting, outcome measurement during and post-treatment, and safety considerations within therapeutic programs. In particular, this tendency was consistent regardless of the uploader’s expertise level and the classification of the neuromotor therapy type in contrast to that of the exercise type. Conclusions: YouTube-based content for CP children still has significant limitations in how substantive viewers, such as caregivers, can acquire tailored information and apply practical information to their exercise and treatment programs.
Oral Health and Caries Prevention: How Tongue Hygiene Helps Maintain Balance of Microbiota and Overall Health in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Mosaico Giovanna , Pinna Mara , Grassi Roberta , Orrù Germano , Scribante Andrea , Maiorani Carolina , Casu Cinzia , Nardi Gianna Maria , Butera Andrea
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: The tongue harbors about two-thirds of the microorganisms present in the mouth; the stable bacterial population consists mainly of aerobic and facultative anaerobic streptococci. These bacterial colonies, found more frequently on the tongue than on the outside of the hard part of the dental enamel in children younger than 18 months, suggest that the tongue is a potential bacterial reservoir. The aim of this review is to examine the scientific literature to clarify whether the mechanical removal of bacterial biofilm on the tongue can have a positive effect on caries prevention, with the reduction in colony-forming unit (CFU) of salivary streptococcus and the whole-mouth plaque index (FMPS). Methods: An open literature search was conducted by using PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. The most studied age range was 9 to 12 years, with groups of children with no caries and groups with a minimum number of two teeth that were reconstructed, decayed and/or missing (DMFS/dmfs > 2) who experienced different tongue hygiene methods for the first time. Results: Four randomized trials met the search criteria and were included in this review. Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that specific tongue hygiene protocols, combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle, could be considered the gold standard to enable more effective primary prevention and improve the health of pediatric patients. This review improves the understanding of the impact of tongue hygiene in controlling the bacteria responsible for the onset of carious disease and its systemic correlates; however, further research with more data is needed to further confirm the findings of this research.
Feasibility Trial Exploring Immune-Related Biomarkers Pertaining to Rapid Immune Surveillance and Cytokine Changes after Consuming a Nutraceutical Supplement Containing Colostrum- and Egg-Based Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides
Authors: Yu Liu , Iloba Ifeanyi , Cruickshank Dina , Jensen Gitte S.
Published: July 2024

Immune protection associated with consuming colostrum-based peptides is effective against bacterial and viral insults. The goal for this study was to document acute changes to immune surveillance and cytokine levels after consuming a single dose of a nutraceutical blend in the absence of an immune challenge. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study involved healthy participants attending two clinic visits. Blood draws were performed pre-consumption and at 1, 2, and 24 h after consuming a blend of bovine colostrum- and hen’s egg-based low-molecular-weight peptides (CELMPs) versus a placebo. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry, and serum cytokines were measured by multiplex cytokine arrays. Consumption of CELMPs triggered increased immune surveillance after 1 h, involving monocytes (p < 0.1), natural killer (NK) cells (p < 0.1), and natural killer T (NKT) cells (p < 0.05). The number of NKT cells expressing the CD25 immunoregulatory marker increased at 1 and 2 h (p < 0.1). Increased serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was observed at 2 and 24 h (24 h: p < 0.05). Selective reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines was seen at 1, 2, and 24 h, where the 2-h reduction was highly significant for IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-13. The rapid, transient increase in immune surveillance, in conjunction with the reduced levels of inflammatory markers, suggests that the CELMP blend of natural peptides provides immune benefits of use in preventive medicine. Further studies are warranted in chronic inflammatory conditions.
Examining the Potential Applicability of Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Peptides in Veterinary Medicine for the Management of Obesity in Companion Animals
Authors: Osiak-Wicha Cezary , Kras Katarzyna , Tomaszewska Ewa , Muszyński Siemowit , Arciszewski Marcin B.
Published: July 2024

This review article comprehensively explores the role of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides in the management of obesity in companion animals, with a focus on clinical applications. Obesity in domestic animals, particularly dogs and cats, is prevalent, with significant implications for their health and well-being. Factors contributing to obesity include overfeeding, poor-quality diet, lack of physical activity, and genetic predispositions. Despite the seriousness of this condition, it is often underestimated, with societal perceptions sometimes reinforcing unhealthy behaviors. Understanding the regulation of food intake and identifying factors affecting the function of food intake-related proteins are crucial in combating obesity. Dysregulations in these proteins, whether due to genetic mutations, enzymatic dysfunctions, or receptor abnormalities, can have profound health consequences. Molecular biology techniques play a pivotal role in elucidating these mechanisms, offering insights into potential therapeutic interventions. The review categorizes food intake-related proteins into anorexigenic peptides (inhibitors of food intake) and orexigenic peptides (enhancers of food intake). It thoroughly examines current research on regulating energy balance in companion animals, emphasizing the clinical application of various peptides, including ghrelin, phoenixin (PNX), asprosin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, and nesfatin-1, in veterinary obesity management. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between peptides, energy balance regulation, and obesity in companion animals. It underscores the importance of targeted interventions and highlights the potential of peptide-based therapies in improving the health outcomes of obese pets.
The Potential MicroRNA Diagnostic Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue
Authors: Park Young-Nam , Ryu Jae-Ki , Ju Yeongdon
Published: July 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the tongue is a common type of head and neck malignancy with a poor prognosis, underscoring the urgency for early detection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have remarkable stability and are easily measurable. Thus, miRNAs may be a promising biomarker candidate among biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Biomarkers have the potential to facilitate personalized medicine approaches by guiding treatment decisions and optimizing therapy regimens for individual patients. Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified 13 differentially expressed upregulated miRNAs in OSCC of the tongue. Differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed by enrichment analysis to reveal underlying biological processes, pathways, or functions. Furthermore, we identified miRNAs associated with the progression of OSCC of the tongue, utilizing receiver operating characteristic analysis to evaluate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. A total of 13 upregulated miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in OSCC of the tongue. Five of these miRNAs had high diagnostic power. In particular, miR-196b has the potential to serve as one of the most effective diagnostic biomarkers. Then, functional enrichment analysis for the target gene of miR-196b was performed, and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. This study assessed an effective approach for identifying miRNAs as early diagnostic markers for OSCC of the tongue.
Interplay among Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and the Endocannabinoid System in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of the Nrf2- p62/SQSTM1 Pathway and Nutraceutical Activation
Authors: Armeli Federica , Mengoni Beatrice , Laskin Debra L. , Businaro Rita
Published: July 2024

The onset of neurodegenerative diseases involves a complex interplay of pathological mechanisms, including protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and impaired autophagy. This review focuses on the intricate connection between oxidative stress and autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting autophagy as pivotal in disease pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play dual roles in cellular homeostasis and autophagy regulation, with disruptions of redox signaling contributing to neurodegeneration. The activation of the Nrf2 pathway represents a critical antioxidant mechanism, while autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading altered cell components. The interaction among p62/SQSTM1, Nrf2, and Keap1 forms a regulatory pathway essential for cellular stress response, whose dysregulation leads to impaired autophagy and aggregate accumulation. Targeting the Nrf2-p62/SQSTM1 pathway holds promise for therapeutic intervention, mitigating oxidative stress and preserving cellular functions. Additionally, this review explores the potential synergy between the endocannabinoid system and Nrf2 signaling for neuroprotection. Further research is needed to elucidate the involved molecular mechanisms and develop effective therapeutic strategies against neurodegeneration.
A Synopsis of Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Past and Present
Authors: Tataranu Ligia Gabriela , Turliuc Serban , Rizea Radu Eugen , Dricu Anica , Alexandru Oana , Staicu Georgiana-Adeline , Kamel Amira
Published: July 2024

Accounting for 48% of malignant brain tumors in adults, glioblastoma has been of great interest in the last decades, especially in the biomolecular and neurosurgical fields, due to its incurable nature and notable neurological morbidity. The major advancements in neurosurgical technologies have positively influenced the extent of safe tumoral resection, while the latest progress in the biomolecular field of GBM has uncovered new potential therapeutical targets. Although GBM currently has no curative therapy, recent progress has been made in the management of this disease, both from surgical and molecular perspectives. The main current therapeutic approach is multimodal and consists of neurosurgical intervention, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, mostly with temozolomide. Although most patients will develop treatment resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical removal, biomolecular advancements regarding GBM have contributed to a better understanding of this pathology and its therapeutic management. Over the past few decades, specific biomarkers have been discovered that have helped predict prognosis and treatment responses and contributed to improvements in survival rates.
Tribological Properties of Laser-Cladded NiCrBSi Coatings Undergoing Friction with Ti6Al4V Alloys
Authors: Fan Mingzhen , Du Pengcheng , Wen Ke , Zhang Ruizhi , Yu Siliang , Chen Tongzhou
Published: July 2024

This work aims at reducing abrasion between titanium alloy parts, such as drive shafts and support pairs used in aviation. Three different NiCrBSi coatings, Ni40, Ni50, and Ni60, are prepared on surfaces of Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. The microstructural and mechanical properties of these coatings are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a microhardness tester. The tribological properties of the NiCrBSi coatings undergoing friction with Ti6Al4V are tested using a wear testing machine. The results show that the Vickers hardnesses of the Ni40, Ni50, and Ni60 coatings are 490 HV0.3, 609 HV0.3, and 708 HV0.3, respectively. For the above NiCrBSi coatings, more hard phases are produced with increases in the amounts of Cr in the powders, resulting in increases in the coatings’ hardnesses. The wear test results show that the NiCrBSi coatings could reduce the friction coefficients, which gradually decreased with increases in the coatings’ hardnesses. Both the coating-specific wear rates and the friction pair wear losses initially decreased and then increased. The Ni50 coating and the Ti6Al4V friction pair undergoing friction with the Ni50 coating showed the best wear performance, with a specific wear rate and wear loss of 0.51 × 10−7 mm3/(N·m) and 7.8 mg, respectively. The specific wear rates for Ni50 were only 8.4%, 35.4%, and 37.0% of the Ti6Al4V, Ni40, and Ni60, respectively. In addition, the friction pair wear loss was only 36.4%, 52.5%, and 55.3% of that while undergoing friction with Ti6Al4V, Ni40, and Ni60, respectively. The NiCrBSi coatings prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V show excellent antifriction and wear resistance properties, providing a viable solution for the design of wear-resistant coatings on load-bearing and non-load-bearing titanium alloy parts.
Rising Tides: Election Cycles, Economic Uncertainty, Equity and Commodity Markets Fluctuations
Authors: Chevallier Julien
Published: July 2024

Election cycles have been called for in many countries for 2024, including [...]
The Role of Bioactive Glasses in Dental Erosion―A Narrative Review
Authors: Dionysopoulos Dimitrios
Published: July 2024

Dental erosion represents the gradual and irreversible depletion of dental hard tissues due to a chemical process, independent of bacterial influence. It has emerged as a notable clinical concern in recent years, primarily attributed to substantial lifestyle shifts resulting in the heightened intake and frequency of acid-containing foods and beverages. Apart from the extrinsic erosive agents derived from external sources, such as dietary habits or medication, intrinsic erosive agents may exist due to pathological reasons with the contents of the stomach including gastric juice, mainly composed of hydrochloric acid, being their sole source. Currently, bioactive materials are used in various forms for the prevention of dental erosion. Such materials include, among others, bioactive glasses (BAGs). BAGs are a type of glass that, when in contact with biological fluids, can elicit a specific biological response. When they come into contact with bodily fluids, they can initiate a series of processes, including the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the glass surface. This bioactivity is particularly advantageous in medical and dental applications, where BAGs are used for bone regeneration, tissue repair, and dental restorative or preventive techniques. The aim of this literature review was to analyze and discuss the role of BAGs in protecting the tooth structures from dental erosion. The analysis of the existing literature regarding this topic indicated that the use of BAGs in preventive treatments against tooth erosion can be useful in dental practice. Further clinical evidence is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of the particular preventive measures.
Multi-Scale Earthquake Damaged Building Feature Set
Authors: Gao Guorui , Wang Futao , Wang Zhenqing , Zhao Qing , Wang Litao , Zhu Jinfeng , Liu Wenliang , Qin Gang , Hou Yanfang
Published: July 2024

Earthquake disasters are marked by their unpredictability and potential for extreme destructiveness. Accurate information on building damage, captured in post-earthquake remote sensing images, is critical for an effective post-disaster emergency response. The foundational features within these images are essential for the accurate extraction of building damage data following seismic events. Presently, the availability of publicly accessible datasets tailored specifically to earthquake-damaged buildings is limited, and existing collections of post-earthquake building damage characteristics are insufficient. To address this gap and foster research advancement in this domain, this paper introduces a new, large-scale, publicly available dataset named the Major Earthquake Damage Building Feature Set (MEDBFS). This dataset comprises image data sourced from five significant global earthquakes and captured by various optical remote sensing satellites, featuring diverse scale characteristics and multiple spatial resolutions. It includes over 7000 images of buildings pre- and post-disaster, each subjected to stringent quality control and expert validation. The images are categorized into three primary groups: intact/slightly damaged, severely damaged, and completely collapsed. This paper develops a comprehensive feature set encompassing five dimensions: spectral, texture, edge detection, building index, and temporal sequencing, resulting in 16 distinct classes of feature images. This dataset is poised to significantly enhance the capabilities for data-driven identification and analysis of earthquake-induced building damage, thereby supporting the advancement of scientific and technological efforts for emergency earthquake response.
Histopathologic Evaluation of Atypical Fibroxanthoma or Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma Debulk Specimen from Mohs Surgery: A Requirement for Their Proper Distinction
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad N.
Published: July 2024

Pleomorphic dermal sarcomas can be clinically aggressive, with a higher tendency to cause local recurrence, metastasis, and death. Atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma are histopathologically similar, and their distinction requires a systematic examination of the entire excised tumor. Since Mohs micrographic surgery is commonly utilized to treat atypical fibroxanthoma, a histopathologic evaluation of debulk specimens by permanent pathology is prudent to avoid underdiagnosing pleomorphic dermal sarcoma. This approach can improve risk assessment and treatment decisions, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. Also, the proper distinction will facilitate the future development of accurate staging criteria and additional treatment modalities.