bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of FE modeling for hybrid greenhouse dryer for potato chips drying
Authors: Kumar Lalan , Prakash Om
Published: March 2023

In this communication, a combination of heat and mass transfer model was developed using finite element (FE) model to explain the drying performance of the hybrid greenhouse dryer for potato chips. The hybrid greenhouse dryer is integrated with a single‐pass solar air heater (SAH). A partial differential equation for a combined set of heat and mass transfer was numerically solved by the FE method. In order to see the spatial moisture distribution within the potato sample, a 3‐dimensional FE model was created, and moisture removal takes place from the surface during drying of the products. Lagrange triangle FEs of extremely small size and second‐order geometry shape were employed for meshing the geometry of model. Time‐dependent study was express the fluctuation in time interval of 0–5 h. The developed model showed the maximum crop and ground temperature are 67.1 and 79.1°C, respectively. Moisture ratio in dry basis is reduced from 1 to 0.005 in 03 h and remains constant at 0.005. Thus, average moisture ratio in dry basis was found as 0.18902. Drying efficiency for the hybrid greenhouse dryer found to be 20.52%, whereas thermal efficiency for SAH was found 54.53%. Relative humidity inside the drying chamber found to be 26.50% in hybrid greenhouse dryer. The predicted versus the experimental results observed that hybrid greenhouse dryer having moderate inside temperature is suitable for crop drying as well as ith sustaining the environmental balance, hybrid greenhouse proves to be most effective.
Spondyloarthritis and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis as paraneoplastic manifestations in treatment‐naive Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Wang Ching‐Yun , Lee Hsiang‐Chun , Lin Ren‐Jie , Tsai Jih‐Jin
Published: March 2023

Non‐radiographic axial spondyloarthropathy (nr‐axSpA) is a clinical diagnosis of symptoms matching inflammatory back pain criteria without radiological lesions at the sacroiliac joint. The frequency of an early nr‐axSpA‐like presentation in lymphoma patients has not been clarified. Here we report a woman in her 20s with a fever and musculoskeletal discomfort. Detailed investigations revealed that she was suffering from Burkitt lymphoma in which nr‐axSpA‐like symptoms were a musculoskeletal manifestation of the disease, irrelevant to the anti‐neoplastic treatment.
Emergency hernia repair: a retrospective cross‐sectional study on the treatment modalities and adherence to guidelines in a tertiary public hospital
Authors: Seppey Romain , Benjamin Aditya , Lambrakis Paul
Published: March 2023

Background

Emergency presentations of hernias can pose significant morbidity. In addition, providing optimal surgical intervention can be challenging due to patient and disease factors with multiple treatment modalities available. Recently there have been several guidelines written to help standardize practices in hernia management. The aim of our study was to review emergency hernia operations at our tertiary level teaching hospital, the method of repair and how this matched to international guidelines.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of all the patients who underwent emergency hernia surgery for strangulated/incarcerated hernias in our department over a 3‐year period. Adherence to guidelines was assessed looking at appropriateness of mesh utilization, as well as the appropriateness of antibiotic usage.

Results

A total of 184 cases from April 1st 2018 to March 31st 2021 were included. Of these hernias 12% contained necrotic or perforated bowel, 42% contained viable incarcerated bowel, and 45% contained just incarcerated fat. The compliance to the appropriate use of mesh overall was 85%, with a variation by hernia type. The global compliance to appropriate antibiotic therapy was high, at 89.7%. With antibiotic use compliance being very high in clean wounds (95.6%), and dirty wounds (100%). But lower in clean/contaminated or contaminated wounds (36.8%).

Conclusion

Compliance at our hospital was globally good. Areas of decreased compliance seem to be mostly regarding mesh use and antibiotic use in potentially contaminated fields and the concept of risk of bacterial translocation versus actual contamination, as well as in mesh use in smaller umbilical hernias.
Infants were introduced to complementary feeding earlier in 2018 compared with 2003
Authors: Strömberg Celind Frida , Goksör Emma , Carlén Elisabeth , Schilling Birte , Alm Bernt , Wennergren Göran
Published: March 2023

Aim

Until 2001, the Swedish advice was to postpone the introduction of eggs, fish and peanuts until the age of 1 year. One reason was to reduce the risk of food allergy. The earlier introduction of complementary feeding is now advised. Our aim was to study adherence to current recommendations and whether the time of introduction changed between 2003 and 2018.

Methods

Data were obtained from two prospective, longitudinal, population‐based cohort studies of children born in 2003 (n = 4987) and in 2018 (n = 3936). Parents answered comparable questionnaires when the children were 6 and 12 months old.

Results

At 6 months, in the 2018 cohort, eggs were introduced to 67.2% of the infants, fish to 78.9%, gluten to 89.1%, cow's milk to 76.6% and peanuts to 46.2%. In adjusted Cox regression analyses, introduction of complementary feeding with gluten, fish and eggs was made significantly earlier in the 2018 cohort compared with the 2003 cohort, adjusted for heredity, own allergic disease and parental educational level (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Complementary feeding with eggs, fish and gluten was introduced earlier in infants born in 2018 compared with 2003, possibly reducing the risk of developing allergic disease. Current recommendations from child welfare centres are being followed.
Commentary: Closing the gender gap in depression through the lived experience of young women – a response to ‘Don't mind the gap: Why do we not care about the gender gap in mental health?’, Patalay and Demkowicz (2023)
Authors: Spencer Lucienne , Broome Matthew
Published: March 2023

Most mental health research largely ignores or minimises gender and age differences in depression. In ‘Don't mind the gap: Why do we not care about the gender gap in mental health?’, Patalay and Demkowicz identify a dearth of research on the causal factors of depression in young women. They attribute this to an over‐reliance on biological accounts of gender differences in depression. Patalay and Demkowicz conclude that a person‐centred approach that meaningfully engages with the reports of young women with depression is more likely to expose the social drivers of depression that impact this group. This commentary focuses on Patalay and Demkowicz's call to examine the patient's lived experience. We argue that there is an urgent need to reflect upon the methodologies involved in examining lived experience and how they can be best utilised. Ultimately, we advocate for an approach known as ‘phenomenological psychopathology’, through a phenomenological investigation of depression in young women, we can go some way towards closing the gender gap.
Physically Based Shape Matching
Authors: Müller Matthias , Macklin Miles , Chentanez Nuttapong , Jeschke Stefan
Published: March 2023

The shape matching method is a popular approach to simulate deformable objects in interactive applications due to its stability and simplicity. An important feature is that there is no need for a mesh since the method works on arbitrary local groups within a set of particles. A major drawback of shape matching is the fact that it is geometrically motivated and not derived from physical principles which makes calibration difficult. The fact that the method does not conserve volume can yield visual artifacts, e.g. when a tire is compressed but does not bulge.

In this paper we present a new meshless simulation method that is related to shape matching but derived from continuous constitutive models. Volume conservation and stiffness can be specified with physical parameters. Further, if the elements of a tetrahedral mesh are used as groups, our method perfectly reproduces FEM based simulations.
Pose Representations for Deep Skeletal Animation
Authors: Andreou N. , Aristidou A. , Chrysanthou Y.
Published: March 2023

Data‐driven skeletal animation relies on the existence of a suitable learning scheme, which can capture the rich context of motion. However, commonly used motion representations often fail to accurately encode the full articulation of motion, or present artifacts. In this work, we address the fundamental problem of finding a robust pose representation for motion, suitable for deep skeletal animation, one that can better constrain poses and faithfully capture nuances correlated with skeletal characteristics. Our representation is based on dual quaternions, the mathematical abstractions with well‐defined operations, which simultaneously encode rotational and positional orientation, enabling a rich encoding, centered around the root. We demonstrate that our representation overcomes common motion artifacts, and assess its performance compared to other popular representations. We conduct an ablation study to evaluate the impact of various losses that can be incorporated during learning. Leveraging the fact that our representation implicitly encodes skeletal motion attributes, we train a network on a dataset comprising of skeletons with different proportions, without the need to retarget them first to a universal skeleton, which causes subtle motion elements to be missed. Qualitative results demonstrate the usefulness of the parameterization in skeleton‐specific synthesis.
Local offset point cloud transformer based implicit surface reconstruction
Authors: Yang Y. X. , Zhang S. G.
Published: March 2023

Implicit neural representations, such as MLP, can well recover the topology of watertight object. However, MLP fails to recover geometric details of watertight object and complicated topology due to dealing with point cloud in a point‐wise manner. In this paper, we propose a point cloud transformer called local offset point cloud transformer (LOPCT) as a feature fusion module. Before using MLP to learn the implicit function, the input point cloud is first fed into the local offset transformer, which adaptively learns the dependency of the local point cloud and obtains the enhanced features of each point. The feature‐enhanced point cloud is then fed into the MLP to recover the geometric details and sharp features of watertight object and complex topology. Extensive reconstruction experiments of watertight object and complex topology demonstrate that our method achieves comparable or better results than others in terms of recovering sharp features and geometric details. In addition, experiments on watertight objects demonstrate the robustness of our method in terms of average result.
DiffusionPointLabel: Annotated Point Cloud Generation with Diffusion Model
Authors: Li Tingting , Fu Yunfei , Han Xiaoguang , Liang Hui , Zhang Jian Jun , Chang Jian
Published: March 2023

Point cloud generation aims to synthesize point clouds that do not exist in supervised dataset. Generating a point cloud with certain semantic labels remains an under‐explored problem. This paper proposes a formulation called DiffusionPointLabel, which completes point‐label pair generation based on a DDPM generative model (Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model). Specifically, we use a point cloud diffusion generative model and aggregate the intermediate features of the generator. On top of this, we propose Feature Interpreter that transforms intermediate features into semantic labels. Furthermore, we employ an uncertainty measure to filter unqualified point‐label pairs for a better quality of generated point cloud dataset. Coupling these two designs enables us to automatically generate annotated point clouds, especially when supervised point‐labels pairs are scarce. Our method extends the application of point cloud generation models and surpasses state‐of‐the‐art models.
Ref‐ZSSR: Zero‐Shot Single Image Superresolution with Reference Image
Authors: Han Xianjun , Wang Xue , Wang Huabin , Li Xuejun , Yang Hongyu
Published: March 2023

Single image superresolution (SISR) has achieved substantial progress based on deep learning. Many SISR methods acquire pairs of low‐resolution (LR) images from their corresponding high‐resolution (HR) counterparts. Being unsupervised, this kind of method also demands large‐scale training data. However, these paired images and a large amount of training data are difficult to obtain. Recently, several internal, learning‐based methods have been introduced to address this issue. Although requiring a large quantity of training data pairs is solved, the ability to improve the image resolution is limited if only the information of the LR image itself is applied. Therefore, we further expand this kind of approach by using similar HR reference images as prior knowledge to assist the single input image. In this paper, we proposed zero‐shot single image superresolution with a reference image (Ref‐ZSSR). First, we use an unconditional generative model to learn the internal distribution of the HR reference image. Second, a dual‐path architecture that contains a downsampler and an upsampler is introduced to learn the mapping between the input image and its downscaled image. Finally, we combine the reference image learning module and dual‐path architecture module to train a new generative model that can generate a superresolution (SR) image with the details of the HR reference image. Such a design encourages a simple and accurate way to transfer relevant textures from the reference high‐definition (HD) image to LR image. Compared with using only the image itself, the HD feature of the reference image improves the SR performance. In the experiment, we show that the proposed method outperforms previous image‐specific network and internal learning‐based methods.
MoMaS: Mold Manifold Simulation for real‐time procedural texturing
Authors: Maggioli F. , Marin R. , Melzi S. , Rodolà E.
Published: March 2023

The slime mold algorithm has recently been under the spotlight thanks to its compelling properties studied across many disciplines like biology, computation theory, and artificial intelligence. However, existing implementations act only on planar surfaces, and no adaptation to arbitrary surfaces is available. Inspired by this gap, we propose a novel characterization of the mold algorithm to work on arbitrary curved surfaces. Our algorithm is easily parallelizable on GPUs and allows to model the evolution of millions of agents in real‐time over surface meshes with several thousand triangles, while keeping the simplicity proper of the slime paradigm. We perform a comprehensive set of experiments, providing insights on stability, behavior, and sensibility to various design choices. We characterize a broad collection of behaviors with a limited set of controllable and interpretable parameters, enabling a novel family of heterogeneous and high‐quality procedural textures. The appearance and complexity of these patterns are well‐suited to diverse materials and scopes, and we add another layer of generalization by allowing different mold species to compete and interact in parallel.
Spatio‐temporal Keyframe Control of Traffic Simulation using Coarse‐to‐Fine Optimization
Authors: Han Yi , Wang He , Jin Xiaogang
Published: March 2023

We present a novel traffic trajectory editing method which uses spatio‐temporal keyframes to control vehicles during the simulation to generate desired traffic trajectories. By taking self‐motivation, path following and collision avoidance into account, the proposed force‐based traffic simulation framework updates vehicle's motions in both the Frenet coordinates and the Cartesian coordinates. With the way‐points from users, lane‐level navigation can be generated by reference path planning. With a given keyframe, the coarse‐to‐fine optimization is proposed to efficiently generate the plausible trajectory which can satisfy the spatio‐temporal constraints. At first, a directed state‐time graph constructed along the reference path is used to search for a coarse‐grained trajectory by mapping the keyframe as the goal. Then, using the information extracted from the coarse trajectory as initialization, adjoint‐based optimization is applied to generate a finer trajectory with smooth motions based on our force‐based simulation. We validate our method with extensive experiments.
Efficient and Stable Simulation of Inextensible Cosserat Rods by a Compact Representation
Authors: Zhao Chongyao , Lin Jinkeng , Wang Tianyu , Bao Hujun , Huang Jin
Published: March 2023

Piecewise linear inextensible Cosserat rods are usually represented by Cartesian coordinates of vertices and quaternions on the segments. Such representations use excessive degrees of freedom (DOFs), and need many additional constraints, which causes unnecessary numerical difficulties and computational burden for simulation. We propose a simple yet compact representation that exactly matches the intrinsic DOFs and naturally satisfies all such constraints. Specifically, viewing a rod as a chain of rigid segments, we encode its shape as the Cartesian coordinates of its root vertex, and use axis‐angle representation for the material frame on each segment. Under our representation, the Hessian of the implicit time‐stepping has special non‐zero patterns. Exploiting such specialties, we can solve the associated linear equations in nearly linear complexity. Furthermore, we carefully designed a preconditioner, which is proved to be always symmetric positive‐definite and accelerates the PCG solver in one or two orders of magnitude compared with the widely used block‐diagonal one. Compared with other technical choices including Super‐Helices, a specially designed compact representation for inextensible Cosserat rods, our method achieves better performance and stability, and can simulate an inextensible Cosserat rod with hundreds of vertices and tens of collisions in real time under relatively large time steps.
Resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) genetic resources to the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Rahman Mohammad M. , Porter Lyndon D. , Ma Yu , Coyne Clarice J. , Zheng Ping , Chaves‐Cordoba Bernardo , Naidu Rayapati A.
Published: March 2023

The pea aphid (PA),Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), can cause significant damage to dry and green peas,Pisum sativumL. (Fabaceae). Identifying pea lines with resistance to PA is important to advance available control measures. This research identified lines and putative genes with resistance to PA in the USDAPisum sativumCollection located in Pullman, WA, USA, consisting of 301 lines collected worldwide. Eight commercial pea cultivars were also evaluated. A cluster analysis based on the mean number of adults, nymphs, and total aphids that developed on lines 10 days after the start of infestation by a single adult aphid per plant identified six clusters. Cluster 2, consisting of 48 lines, had the lowest aphid fecundity of all clusters with 2.1 adults, 7.3 nymphs, and 9.4 total aphids produced on average. ‘Lifter’ was the most resistant line based on low aphid fecundity. Lifter is a white‐flowered green dry pea cultivar that can advance PA resistance in food‐type peas. Genotyping by sequencing based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used in genome‐wide association mapping to locate genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to PA resistance in which three, nine, and six SNPs were associated with resistance to adult, nymph, and total number of PAs that developed on lines, respectively. Seventeen candidate genes were identified in response to PA resistance. The results can effectively be used in breeding programs to target specific genomic regions with PA resistance and in traditional breeding using resistant lines as parents.
No NFATC2 fusion in simple bone cyst of the jaw
Authors: Ong Sheena L M , Gomes Isadora P , Baelde Hans J , Passador‐Santos Fabricio , de Andrade Bruno A B , Briaire‐de Bruijn Inge H , Cavalcante Israel L , Schreuder Willem H , Cleton‐Jansen Anne‐Marie , Cleven Arjen H G , Szuhai Karoly , Gomes Carolina C , Bovée Judith V M G
Published: March 2023

Aims

Simple Bone Cysts (SBCs) predominantly occur in long bones and 59% harbour NFATC2 rearrangements. Jaw SBC is rare and was previously referred to as traumatic bone cyst. It can rarely occur in association with cemento‐osseous dysplasia (COD). To determine whether jaw SBCs represent the same entity as SBC of the long bones, or if they have a different molecular signature, we collected 48 jaw SBC cases of 47 patients to assess NFATC2 rearrangement.

Methods and results

Out of the 48 cases, 36 could be used for fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH), of which nine (two of which associated with COD) were successful using an NFATC2 split probe. The remaining cases failed to show adequate FISH signals. All nine cases lacked NFATC2 rearrangement and five of these showed no detectable gene fusions using Archer FusionPlex.

Conclusion

In our study, NFATC2 rearrangement is absent in solitary jaw SBC (n = 7) and COD‐associated SBC (n = 2). Our findings suggest that SBC presenting in the jaw is molecularly different from SBC in long bones. Future molecular studies may confirm the absence of clonal molecular aberrations in SBC of the jaw which would support a non‐neoplastic, reactive origin.
Community corrections at a critical juncture: Privatisation, race, and the redefinition of the community after Attica
Authors: Kaufman Nicole
Published: March 2023

Critical junctures can propel a reorientation of state, civil society, and market. I examine this process during an influential historical moment in the early 1970s, when actors ranging from incarcerated organisers to political elites worked to redefine the role of community organisations in corrections. These efforts resulted in a policy privatising the delivery of community‐based correctional services in the case I study in Wisconsin, USA. Using archival records, I demonstrate how this policy was situated in leaders’ anxieties about the control of Black men. I trace historically emergent relationships among racialised social control, privatisation and NGOs, which reverberate in the non‐profit sector today. The research invites further examination of moments of contingency in criminal justice policy after exceptional violence by the state.
Beyond ‘stagnation and change’?: Path dependency, translation and the ‘layering’ over time of Irish penal policy
Authors: Hamilton Claire
Published: March 2023

In the past decade or so a significant body of work on ‘Hibernian exceptionalism’ to broader punitive trends has emerged. The dominant argument and characterisation of Irish penality within this broad schema is that it is exceptional for having been largely stagnant. This article takes issue with the stagnation or ‘stickiness’ that is often supposed to characterise the Irish penal system arguing that stagnation as a form of ‘path dependency’ fails to adequately account for key moments of penal change and downplays the temporal dynamics that are often apparent in policy development. Using two key ‘policy windows’ as case studies – the 1996 ‘moral panic’ over crime and the post‐2011 turn to a more progressive penal politics – it argues that greater consideration should be given to the ‘translation’ and ‘layering’ of policy decisions and the growing complexity of policy space that may result.
Europeanisation of post‐Soviet prisons: A comparative case study of prison policy transfer from Norway to Latvia and Lithuania
Authors: Burciu Nadejda
Published: March 2023

Despite shared history and a common ambition to comply with European standards, post‐Soviet countries differ in the way in which they reform prisons. By investigating two most‐similar cases of policy transfer from Norway – the establishment of the Olaine Drug Centre in Latvia and the Pravieniškės Drug Unit in Lithuania – this article explains why outcomes diverge and how Western‐European carceral individualism clashes with path‐dependent carceral collectivism. Where leadership is unstable, with limited powers, the informal legacies are strong, and policy‐transfer strategy is fragmented, as in Lithuania, the outcome is likely to be non‐transformative. Where, on the contrary, leadership is stable, enjoying larger discretionary powers and the intervention strategy is holistic, as in Latvia, the import of foreign institutional models is likely to be successful.
Association of a primary care‐based mobile food pantry with child body mass index: A propensity score matched cohort study
Authors: Woo Baidal Jennifer A. , Duong Ngoc , Goldsmith Jeff , Hur Chin , Lauren Brianna N. , Partida Ivette , Rosenthal Alyson , Hulse Emma , Shea Steven , Cheung Ken , Meyer Dodi
Published: March 2023

Objective

To test the hypothesis that children in Food FARMacia—a six‐month food insecurity intervention from May 2019 to January 2020—would have smaller age‐adjusted, sex‐specific body mass index (BMIz) gains than matched counterparts.

Methods

In this proof‐of‐concept study, we performed a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) analysis of a propensity‐score matched cohort among paediatric primary care patients aged <6 years with household food insecurity. Children with anthropometric measures prior to and after intervention started were included. The main outcome was child BMIz from standardized clinical anthropometric measurements. We examined differences in child BMIz change between Food FARMacia participants and matched non‐participants.

Results

Among 454 children with household food insecurity, 265 were included, 44 of whom were in Food FARMacia. Mean child age was 1.48 (SD 1.46) years and most reported Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (84.5%). After propensity score matching, children in Food FARMacia had smaller increases in BMIz (unadjusted DiD −0.28 [−0.52, −0.04]) compared to non‐participants in the follow‐up period. After adjusting for potential confounders, findings remained statistically significant [adjusted DiD, −0.31 units (95% CI: −0.54, −0.08)].

Conclusions

In this proof‐of‐concept cohort study of children in households with food insecurity, a paediatric primary care‐based mobile food pantry program was associated with improvement in child BMIz over 6 months.
Lymphoid cell development from fetal hematopoietic progenitors and human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sun Shicheng , Wijanarko Kevin , Liani Oniko , Strumila Kathleen , Ng Elizabeth S. , Elefanty Andrew G. , Stanley Edouard G.
Published: March 2023

Lymphoid cells encompass the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells and Natural killer T cells (NKT), and innate immune cells (ILCs), including Natural Killer (NK) cells. During adult life, these lineages are thought to derive from the differentiation of long‐term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. However, during embryogenesis and fetal development, the ontogeny of lymphoid cells is both complex and multifaceted, with a large body of evidence suggesting that lymphoid lineages arise from progenitor cell populations antedating the emergence of HSCs. Recently, the application of single cell RNA‐sequencing technologies and pluripotent stem cell‐based developmental models has provided new insights into lymphoid ontogeny during embryogenesis. Indeed, PSC differentiation platforms have enabled de novo generation of lymphoid immune cells independently of HSCs, supporting conclusions drawn from the study of hematopoiesis in vivo. Here, we examine lymphoid development from non‐HSC progenitor cells and technological advances in the differentiation of human lymphoid cells from pluripotent stem cells for clinical translation.
Factors influencing the severity of medical device‐related pressure injuries: Pressure injury staging comparison
Authors: Jung Yeon Kyo , Hahn Hyung Min , Park Dong Ha
Published: March 2023

Medical device‐related pressure injuries are receiving increased attention because their social and economic costs are increasing. This study aimed to analyse the stages for each risk factor, and to assess which has a greater impact on severity. We performed a retrospective analysis of 237 patients. Severity was evaluated by pressure injury stages, and the following categories were considered as risk factors: perceptual functioning, malnutrition, reduced mobility, comorbidities, extrinsic factors, medical devices, anatomical areas, and hospital stay. The stages of pressure injury stages were more for vascular access devices than for respiratory devices. The following were related to severity: mental deterioration‐related diseases, mental status, albumin level, haemoglobin level, total cholesterol level, intensive care unit care, days of hospitalisation, and time to develop pressure injuries after admission. Decreased mental status, anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, and low total cholesterol levels were particularly critical. However, factors such as anatomical areas, age, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, diseases related to malnutrition, abnormal body mass index, immobility‐related diseases, physical restraints, and Braden scale scores were not. A different approach to the management of medical device‐related pressure injuries is necessary because they have distinctive characteristics and causative factors than other pressure injury types.
A systematic literature review of protective factors mitigating intimate partner violence exposure on early childhood health outcomes
Authors: Spearman Kathryn J. , Hoppe Emily , Jagasia Emma
Published: March 2023

Aim

The objective of this integrative review was to critically synthesize the evidence on protective factors in early childhood that buffer the effects of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on young children's health outcomes.

Methods

Studies were eligible for inclusion in this review if the article was (a) in English, (b) title or abstract discussed protective factors, buffering, resilience or mitigating factors in early childhood for young children who experienced IPV.

Results

A total of 23 articles of 492 manuscripts identified from the search from peer‐reviewed journals from 2010 to 2022 were included. Individual‐level protective factors for young children exposed to IPV and include emotional self‐regulation, child temperament and child self‐esteem. Family‐level protective factors were maternal physical and mental health; warm, responsive parenting; knowledge of child development; socioeconomic advantage; caregiver employment; and maternal education.

Conclusion

The results of this integrative review highlight the critical importance of a dyadic approach to early childhood intervention. Health and legal systems should not only focus solely on pathology of family violence but also conceptualize treatment and courses of action from a strength‐based perspective in order to empower victims of IPV, and promote the safety, health and well‐being of children. Future research should examine the role of system‐level protective factors.

Impact

This review adds to the growing body of the evidence of positive relational health as a key social determinant of health for children. This will be foundational to design interventions that shield children from further harm and promote health, flourishing and recovery from violence and trauma.
Functional diversity patterns of reef fish, corals and algae in the Brazilian biogeographical province
Authors: Luza André L. , Aued Anaide W. , Barneche Diego R. , Dias Murilo S. , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Floeter Sergio R. , Francini‐Filho Ronaldo B. , Longo Guilherme O. , Quimbayo Juan P. , Bender Mariana G.
Published: March 2023

Aim

Functional diversity encapsulates whole‐community responses to environmental gradients mediated by species traits. Under trait convergence, similar responses may cause distantly related taxa to exhibit spatially correlated functional diversity. We investigated whether similar responses of reef fish, coral and algal functional richness and disparity to the environment produce spatially correlated functional diversity patterns.

Location

Brazilian marine biogeographical province.

Taxon

Reef fish, corals, algae.

Methods

We analysed data from 40 coastal and oceanic sites distributed across 27 degrees of latitude in the Brazilian province. Using traits, we measured functional richness (FRic) and disparity (Rao's Q) and calculated Pearson's correlation () between pairs of metrics and taxa. We used Bayesian multivariate linear models to model taxa functional richness and disparity relative to sea surface temperature (SST), turbidity, salinity, species richness and region, and to estimate the residual correlation () between metrics after accounting for these variables.

Results

The best fitted model contained SST, species richness and region, and explained about 56% of the variation in FRic and Rao's Q across taxa. Yet, FRic and Rao's Q of fish, algae and corals responded differently to environmental variables. Functional diversity metrics were less correlated between algae and corals than compared to fish. Observed correlations of FRic and Rao's Q were low to intermediate across taxa (average  = 0.14), and residual correlations were even lower (average  = 0.02).

Main conclusions

SST, species richness and region had a widespread role in determining spatially congruent functional diversity offish, algae and corals across Brazilian reefs, despite their fundamentally different evolutionary histories. Low residual spatial correlations suggest that other mechanisms might also contribute to functional diversity patterns of reef taxa independently. Given the role of SST, species richness and region, the functional structure of these reefs might be compromised by climate change, pollution and overfishing.
The intelligent experience inheritance system for Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Ren Xue , Guo Yan , Wang Heyuan , Gao Xiang , Chen Wei , Wang Tengjiao
Published: March 2023

The inheritance of knowledge and experience was crucial to the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, the existing methods of inheriting the unique clinical experience of famous veteran TCM doctors still followed the outdated and inefficient Master‐Prentice schema. In addition, the inherited medical books and records were usually lack of standardization and systematization. In this article, a new method for inheriting the academic thoughts and clinical experience of famous veteran doctors with the help of artificial intelligence technology was explored. Due to the individualized treatment characteristics namely “same disease with different treatments, different diseases with the same treatment,” the intelligent inheritance of TCM faced many technical barriers. To tackle these problems, we proposed a prototype system framework for the intelligent inheritance of famous veteran doctors based on rules and deep learning models and performed a case study on the treatment of pediatric asthma. The architecture could not only make full use of the advantages of deep learning, but also integrate the valuable knowledge and experience analysis of famous veteran doctors from injected rules. Specifically, the study took pediatric asthma medical records as training and test samples and calculated the similarity between the generated prescriptions and the real‐world clinical prescriptions from the famous veteran doctors. Experimental results showed that the generated prescription could achieve a similarity of more than 90%. It proved that the proposed framework provided a feasible way for the intelligent inheritance and research of the academic thoughts and clinical experience of famous veteran TCM doctors.
Effect of maize seed treatment on oviposition preference, larval performance and foliar damage of the fall armyworm
Authors: Seye Djiby , Silvie Pierre , Brévault Thierry
Published: March 2023

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an invasive pest that has recently become a major worldwide threat for maize production. Greatest crop yield reductions occur following damage by FAW larvae at early vegetative plant stages, between the first and second week after plant emergence. In this study, field and semi‐field experiments were carried out to assess the effect of cyantraniliprole‐based seed treatment on the protection of early stages of maize plants against FAW and the associated mechanisms. In the field, maize seed treatment using cyantraniliprole (Fortenza®) significantly reduced the percentage of infested seedlings (77%) and the percentage of seedlings with severe damage (86%) up to 3 weeks after emergence. In a choice situation, semi‐field experiments showed that gravid moths preferred to lay eggs on plants from untreated seeds (68%) rather than on plants from treated seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence that insecticide residues present in plant tissues deter oviposition of Noctuid moths. Seed treatment with cyantraniliprole also reduced plant infestation (65%) 10 days after artificial inoculation of neonate larvae at 3 weeks after plant emergence, reducing the severity of leaf damage (by 67%). Insecticide seed treatment is a relevant tool for the integrated pest management of the FAW in high‐value crops such as sweet corn, especially for reducing foliar applications of insecticides during the most susceptible stages of the crop, as far as the risk of impacts on non‐target organisms is low and no alternative biocontrol option is available.
The professionalization of innovation management: Evolution and implications
Authors: Robbins Peter , O'Connor Gina Colarelli
Published: March 2023

Just over two decades ago, in a Perspective article in the Journal of Product Innovation Management (JPIM), Tomkovick and Miller, called for the professionalization of new product development (NPD). Professionalization of innovation management (as the broader function in which NPD is embedded) was posited to require a combination of scientific knowledge coupled with specific expertise. We revisit that call to (1) assess whether innovation management has established itself as a formal, professional function similar to human resources or marketing, and (2) critically discuss whether (and if so, how) the professionalization of innovation management impacts both academic research and professional practice in the field. We suggest four tests as hallmarks of a profession and apply them to the emerging field of innovation management. Based on our findings, we propose a set of actions for innovation management academics and practitioners. We also recommend directions for future research to promote discussion on this topic within the JPIM community.
Fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 4 combined with lymph node metastasis predicts poor prognosis in oral cancer
Authors: Gu Zi‐yue , Zhou Rong , Hong Duo , Han Yong , Wang Li‐zhen , Li Jiang , Zhang Zhi‐yuan , Shi Chao‐ji
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) members including FGFR1–4 have been identified as promising novel therapeutic targets and prognostic markers in multiple solid tumors. However, the predictive role of the expression of FGFR proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires further exploration.

Materials and Methods

Immunohistochemical evaluation of FGFR1–4 was performed on 161 paired OSCC samples. The associations of FGFRs with clinicopathologic and prognostic parameters were analyzed. To further assess the contribution of FGFRs to OSCC proliferation, cell lines, and one PDX model was utilized to examine the anti‐tumor effect of the pan‐FGFR inhibitor AZD4547.

Results

All FGFR members were found to be overexpressed in OSCC tumors when compared to normal tissues, and their expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease‐free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed high expression of FGFR1 (p = 0.014) and FGFR4 (p = 0.009) were independent prognostic factors and co‐overexpression of FGFR1 and FGFR4 with lymph node metastasis increased HR for death (p = 0.02). The pan‐FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 showed anti‐tumor activity in cell lines and in a patient‐derived xenograft of OSCC.

Conclusions

This study highlights the co‐overexpression of FGFR1 and FGFR4 as a significantly poor prognosis indicator in OSCC when combined with lymph node metastasis.
Cardiac contractility modulation and subcutaneous defibrillator (S‐ICD): First experience with simultaneous implantation
Authors: Yao Juan , Gao Jie , Yan Jian‐feng , Fang Shu
Published: March 2023

Backgrounds

Two technologies, cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD), can be successfully combined and applied to patients with advanced heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Case Report

We reported a case of a 51‐year‐old man with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF = 33%) and a narrow QRS complex who first underwent simultaneous implantation of CCM and S‐ICD.

Conclusion

Our case report aimed to reveal that the simultaneous implantation of CCM and S‐ICD could be successfully used in patients with advanced HF, which could significantly improve the clinical symptoms of such patients during one surgery.
Revisiting the real exchange rate misalignment‐economic growth nexus via the across‐sector misallocation channel
Authors: Giordano Claire
Published: March 2023

This study assesses whether the component of across‐sector labor and capital misallocation induced by real effective exchange rate (REER) misalignments in turn significantly affects economic development. REER imbalances are derived from a Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate model; labor and capital misallocation is measured according to indicators in Ando and Nassar (IMF Working Papers, 2017, 17, 1) and Aoki (Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2012, 26, pp. 473–494), on a unique cross‐country cross‐sector national account dataset of 54 countries and 12 sectors over 1980–2015. Both REER over‐ and undervaluations are found to lead to rising across‐sector labor (but not capital) misallocation and, uniquely via this channel, significantly hamper real growth.
Green Synthesis of Polyvinylidene Fluoride using Xanthan Gum Biopolymer and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Green Solvent
Authors: Chai P. V. , Sailenra K. R. , Chan W. J. , Liew J. T. , Teng W. T. , Wong Y. T.
Published: March 2023

The usage of conventional solvent during the membrane fabrication could cause undesirable negative impact to the environment. Associated with this, greener alternative to membrane synthesis has grab the attention of researchers globally. Therefore, this study explored on the green synthesis of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane by adopting the natural ingredient Xanthan Gum (XG) biopolymer together with green solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to form a new generation PVDF membrane. The membrane was prepared by phase inversion method with different XG concentration ranging from 0 wt% to 1.5 wt% while maintaining the constant PVDF and DMSO concentration. Several membrane performance tests were done which included water flux test, Congo red (CR) rejection, and flux recovery ratio (FRR). In this study, the incorporation of XG in membrane shown enhancement in membrane hydrophilicity with a noticeably reduction of wettability from 48.67o to 42.15o. The results shown that membrane embedded with 0.5 wt% XG appeared as the optimum XG concentration. As for the membrane performance, it achieved the pure water flux and FRR of 182.87 L/m2.h and 91.25%, respectively. According to the overall performance evaluation, the incorporation of XG promoted the performance of membrane.
Evaluation for Promotion System in Government Sector
Authors: Mohd Sanget Mohd Saman
Published: March 2023

One of the most important activities in Human Resource Management is the Promotion System (PS) (HRM). This study aims to identify government promotion in the government sector with an emphasis on ethics and cultural perspectives, as well as a key indicator in understanding issues and challenges in Malaysia's public sector promotion system and ways to improve the system, which are organisational culture, ethics, and bureaucracy. Organizational culture is defined as a shared perception shared by organisational members. There are differences in the rules and policies governing tenure and seniority in Malaysia's public service. In government and agencies, a civil servant is designated before the promotion board considers the grant of promotion. This implementation is good among Malaysian civil servants and should be maintained as a criterion for promotion in the Malaysian public service. As a result, monitoring and evaluation can be carried out, typically at the end of each year, using the KPI monitoring system. The grades are being used to determine whether the individuals should be promoted or face disciplinary action. Most disciplinary actions will be warnings or notices before more serious actions such as termination are taken. The current system of civil service is insufficient and can be improved with the suggestions in this paper. A thorough examination is required to comprehend the breadth of issues that have arisen in recent years.
The Archaeological Landscape Park of Aguntum - an Alpine Roman Town in East Tyrol. Synergy between cultural heritage, landscape protection and biodiversity
Authors:   REVITAL Integrative Naturraumplanung GmbH, Nußdorf-Debant, Austria, Nemmert Andreas , Hassler Andrea , Stöhr Oliver
Published: March 2023

The archaeological site of Aguntum is located near Lienz in East Tyrol. Around ten years ago, Aguntum was not attractive to visitors, had an inconsistent appearance, and no clear policy for future development. In 2014, this led to the initiation of a broad-based process to define a mission statement for Aguntum. The goal was to create a common, homogeneous strategy that would serve as a future 'big picture' for all decision-makers to orientate themselves by. Based on this, a master plan was developed. Over the years, it has been possible to implement many measures, defined in the master plan, while still sticking to the actual basic tasks of scientific excavation work and preservation or conservation of the monument. Aguntum is a good example that cultural heritage and biodiversity are very closely related.
Introduction - Archaeology and the Natural Environment
Authors:   Federal Monuments Authority Austria, Picker Andreas
Published: March 2023

Archaeological sites and monuments are defined as spatial entities and are therefore an intrinsic part of any environment, as humans perceive it. Landscape archaeology and concepts such as 'landscape biography' have taught us that our environment has developed over millennia of interactions between humans and nature. In co-evolutionary feedback-loops, human societies adapt to and change their environments and archaeological sites also reflect this principle.
Archaeology and the Natural Environment. Foreword
Authors: Sloane Barney
Published: March 2023

The contributions in this volume were first presented in the stunning venue that is the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, itself a host of some fabulous archaeological exhibits, at a time when strict divisions between cultural heritage management and natural environment management are beginning to dissolve. As states and communities wake up to the need for climate action, how we manage our land, water and ecosystems in an integrated way is profoundly affecting our approaches to archaeology.