bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONVERSION OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND AREAS IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BY USING BIM TECHNOLOGY: ANALYSIS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS / INDUSTRINIŲ PASTATŲ IR TERITORIJŲ KONVERSIJA DARNAUS VYSTYMOSI POŽIŪRIU TAIKANT BIM TECHNOLOGIJAS: SITUACIJOS ANALIZĖ IR PERSPEKTYVOS
Authors: Pavlovskis Miroslavas , Antuchevičienė Jurgita , Migilinskas Darius
Published: February 2016

The article deals with abandoned industrial buildings and lands conversion concept, objectives, problems, beneficial results of a successful conversion for urban expansion, as a complex process of sustainable development. The tools for making effective management and usage of abandoned buildings decisions are considered. The article analyzes the 5D BIM model throughout the life cycle of the building. The foreign good practice is analyzed, where the modern digital technology is used for reconstruction of old buildings. The building information model application possibilities are examined throughout the lifespan of a building. The measures for CO2 emission reduction in the construction sector are proposed. Finaly, the model for conversion of abanoded buildings is proposed, based on MCDM and BIM technologies. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama apleistų industrinių pastatų ir teritorijų konversijos samprata, tikslai, problemos, sėkmingos konversijos rezultatų nauda miesto plėtrai kaip kompleksinis procesas darnaus vystymosi požiūriu. Aptariamos priemonės, kurios padėtų priimti efektyvius apleistų pastatų tvarkymo ir naudojimo sprendimus. Straipsnyje yra analizuojamas BIM 5D modelis per visą pastato gyvavimo ciklą. Analizuojama užsienio geroji praktika, kur taikomos šiuolaikinės skaitmeninės technologijos rekonstruojant senus pastatus. Tiriamos statinio informacinio modelio taikymo galimybės per visą pastato gyvavimo laikotarpį. Siūlomos priemonės mažinti išmetamo CO2 kiekį statybos sektoriuje. Pasiūlytas apleistų objektų konversijos modelis,pagrįstas MCDM ir BIM technologijomis.
MINERALOGY OF PRESOLAR SILICATE AND OXIDE GRAINS OF DIVERSE STELLAR ORIGINS
Authors: Nguyen Ann N. , Keller Lindsay P. , Messenger Scott
Published: February 2016

We report the chemical and structural analysis of nine presolar silicate grains and one presolar oxide grain from the ungrouped chondrite Acfer 094 and the CR chondrite Queen Alexandra Range 99177. Oxygen isotopic analyses indicate that five of these grains condensed in the outflows of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, four have supernova (SN) origins, and one grain likely has a nova origin. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that most of the grains are amorphous with widely varying non-stoichiometric chemical compositions. Three crystalline AGB grains were identified: a clinoenstatite-containing grain assemblage, a Fe-rich olivine grain, and a nanocrystalline enstatite grain encased in an amorphous silicate shell. An amorphous stoichiometric enstatite (MgSiO3) SN grain likely condensed as a crystal and was later rendered amorphous. We do not observe a systematic difference in the chemistries and mineralogies of presolar silicates from different stellar sources, suggesting that the grains formed under a similar range of conditions.
DETAILED ABUNDANCES OF PLANET-HOSTING WIDE BINARIES. II. HD 80606+HD 80607
Authors: Mack III Claude E. , Stassun Keivan G. , Schuler Simon C. , Hebb Leslie , Pepper Joshua A.
Published: February 2016

We present a detailed chemical abundance analysis of 15 elements in the planet-hosting wide binary (PHWB) system HD 80606+HD 80607 using Keck/HIRES spectra. As in our previous analysis of the PHWB HD 20782+HD 20781, we presume that these two G5 dwarf stars formed together and therefore had identical primordial abundances. In this binary, HD 80606 hosts an eccentric (

) giant planet at ∼0.5 AU, but HD 80607 has no detected planets. If close-in giant planets on eccentric orbits are efficient at scattering rocky planetary material into their host stars, then HD 80606 should show evidence of having accreted rocky material while HD 80607 should not. Here we show that the trends of abundance versus element condensation temperature for HD 80606 and HD 80607 are statistically indistinguishable, corroborating the recent result of Saffe et al. This could suggest that both stars accreted similar amounts of rocky material; indeed, our model for the chemical signature of rocky planet accretion indicates that HD 80606 could have accreted up to 2.5 

of rocky material—about half that contained in the Solar System and primordial asteroid belt—relative to HD 80607 and still be consistent with the data. Since HD 80607 has no known giant planets that might have pushed rocky planet material via migration onto that star, we consider it more likely that HD 80606/07 experienced essentially no rocky planet accretion. This in turn suggests that the migration history of the HD 80606 giant planet must have been such that it ejected any close-in planetary material that might have otherwise been shepherded onto the star.
MODELING THE SWIFT BAT TRIGGER ALGORITHM WITH MACHINE LEARNING*
Authors: Graff Philip B. , Lien Amy Y. , Baker John G. , Sakamoto Takanori
Published: February 2016

To draw inferences about gamma-ray burst (GRB) source populations based on Swift observations, it is essential to understand the detection efficiency of the Swift burst alert telescope (BAT). This study considers the problem of modeling the Swift/BAT triggering algorithm for long GRBs, a computationally expensive procedure, and models it using machine learning algorithms. A large sample of simulated GRBs from Lien et al. is used to train various models: random forests, boosted decision trees (with AdaBoost), support vector machines, and artificial neural networks. The best models have accuracies of ≳97% (≲3% error), which is a significant improvement on a cut in GRB flux, which has an accuracy of 89.6% (10.4% error). These models are then used to measure the detection efficiency of Swift as a function of redshift z, which is used to perform Bayesian parameter estimation on the GRB rate distribution. We find a local GRB rate density of

with power-law indices of

and

for GRBs above and below a break point of

. This methodology is able to improve upon earlier studies by more accurately modeling Swift detection and using this for fully Bayesian model fitting.
A NEW STAR FORMATION RATE CALIBRATION FROM POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EMISSION FEATURES AND APPLICATION TO HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES
Authors: Shipley Heath V. , Papovich Casey , Rieke George H. , Brown Michael J. I. , Moustakas John
Published: February 2016

We calibrate the integrated luminosity from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features at 6.2, 7.7, and 11.3 μm in galaxies as a measure of the star formation rate (SFR). These features are strong (containing as much as 5%–10% of the total infrared luminosity) and suffer minimal extinction. Our calibration uses Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) measurements of 105 galaxies at 0 < z < 0.4, infrared (IR) luminosities of 109–1012 

, combined with other well-calibrated SFR indicators. The PAH luminosity correlates linearly with the SFR as measured by the extinction-corrected Hα luminosity over the range of luminosities in our calibration sample. The scatter is 0.14 dex, comparable to that between SFRs derived from the Paα and extinction-corrected Hα emission lines, implying that the PAH features may be as accurate an SFR indicator as hydrogen recombination lines. The PAH SFR relation depends on gas-phase metallicity, for which we supply an empirical correction for galaxies with 0.2 
 < Z ≲ 0.7

. We present a case study in advance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which will be capable of measuring SFRs from PAHs in distant galaxies at the peak of the SFR density in the universe (z ∼ 2) with SFRs as low as ∼10 

. We use Spitzer/IRS observations of the PAH features and Paα emission plus Hα measurements in lensed star-forming galaxies at 1 < z < 3 to demonstrate the ability of the PAHs to derive accurate SFRs. We also demonstrate that because the PAH features dominate the mid-IR fluxes, broadband mid-IR photometric measurements from JWST will both trace the SFR and provide a way to exclude galaxies dominated by an active galactic nucleus.
DISCOVERY OF X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE GALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANT G32.8-0.1 WITH SUZAKU
Authors: Bamba Aya , Terada Yukikatsu , Hewitt John , Petre Robert , Angelini Lorella , Safi-Harb Samar , Zhou Ping , Bocchino Fabrizio , Sawada Makoto
Published: February 2016

We present the first dedicated X-ray study of the supernova remnant (SNR) G32.8−0.1 (Kes 78) with Suzaku. X-ray emission from the whole SNR shell has been detected for the first time. The X-ray morphology is well correlated with the emission from the radio shell, while anti-correlated with the molecular cloud found in the SNR field. The X-ray spectrum shows not only conventional low-temperature (kT ∼ 0.6 keV) thermal emission in a non-equilibrium ionization state, but also a very high-temperature (kT ∼ 3.4 keV) component with a very low ionization timescale (∼2.7 × 109 cm−3 s), or a hard nonthermal component with a photon index Γ ∼ 2.3. The average density of the low-temperature plasma is rather low, of the order of 10−3–10−2 cm−3, implying that this SNR is expanding into a low-density cavity. We discuss the X-ray emission of the SNR, also detected in TeV with H.E.S.S., together with multi-wavelength studies of the remnant and other gamma-ray emitting SNRs, such as W28 and RCW 86. Analysis of a time-variable source, 2XMM J185114.3−000004, found in the northern part of the SNR, is also reported for the first time. Rapid time variability and a heavily absorbed hard-X-ray spectrum suggest that this source could be a new supergiant fast X-ray transient.
Production et évaluation de notations par des enfants âgés de 8 à 11 ans : incidence de la maîtrise des systèmes d’écriture
Authors: Gaux Christine , Iralde Lydie , Weil-Barais Annick
Published: February 2016

La production et l’évaluation de notations sont étudiées chez des enfants âgés de 8 à 11 ans dans un contexte de transmission d’un procédé de construction d’un objet. Ils sont invités à trouver un moyen pour aider d’autres enfants à réaliser un objet formé de pièces de Lego en l’absence du modèle. Sont examinées : 1 o la spontanéité, la nature des notations (graphique, alphabétique, code – couleur, etc.), leur fonctionnalité (reproduction du modèle possible ou non) et leur pertinence par rapport au destinataire ; 2 o les jugements portés par les enfants sur un ensemble de notations de différents niveaux de fonctionnalité qui leur est proposé. D’un autre côté, les indicateurs de l’usage des notations par les enfants sont mis en relation avec leur niveau de maîtrise des systèmes d’écriture (niveau en lecture, production d’un texte et notations numériques). Les résultats montrent une augmentation du nombre de notations spontanées et une amélioration de leur fonctionnalité avec l’âge (en production et en évaluation) ainsi qu’une incidence du niveau de maîtrise de l’écrit et des notations numériques
Economic relations between Japan and East Germany: the developing relationship of Kureha Kagaku and Carl Zeiss Jena after the first oil crisis
Authors: Kudō Akira
Published: February 2016

En avril 1979, six ans après la première crise pétrolière (octobre 1973), l’entreprise chimique japonaise Kureha Kagaku Kogyo et l’entreprise d’optique est-allemande Carl Zeiss Jena ont conclu un accord de licence concernant des instruments optiques de mesure et une technologie immunologique de diagnostic du cancer qui utilisait ces instruments. Kureha étant le licencié de Zeiss. L’article étudie en détail ce processus. En outre, par une analyse de la dimension de l’entreprise il met l’accent sur les relations entre les deux pays concernés. Cependant on ne peut pas dire que cet accord ait débouché sur un succès. C’est pourquoi cette affaire n’est pas mentionnée dans les histoires des deux firmes et est tombée dans l’oubli. Elle n’est pourtant pas un simple épisode du passé. Elle clarifie au moins en partie les activités des entreprises et les relations mutuelles entre le Japon et l’Allemagne de l’Est de la première crise pétrolière à la première moitié des années 1980. Qui plus est, elle paraît constituer une projection des relations des deux pays concernant la taille de l’économie nationale.
Le chèque comme outil du Nouveau Management Public dans les collectivités locales françaises
Authors: Lacheret Arnaud
Published: February 2016

L’apparition et la diffusion des chèques comme outils de ciblage des aides dans les collectivités locales permet de faire un lien avec la notion de « vouchers » inventés dans les années 60 par Milton Friedman. Présentés comme neutre politiquement par les acteurs, la recherche a permis d’établir cette parenté avec ces outils du Nouveau Management Public dotés outre Atlantique d’une image très libérale. Ces outils se sont cependant diffusés sans heurts particuliers en France, notre étude s’est efforcée d’expliquer cette apparition dans un silence idéologique assourdissant.
L’auto-constitutionnalisation des ETN ? Sur les rapports entre les codes de conduite « privés » et « publics » des entreprises
Authors: Teubner Gunther
Published: February 2016

Quelle est la particularité de l’imbrication des codes d’entreprise privés et publics ? Cette interaction reflète non seulement des tendances à la juridicisation, mais aussi à la constitutionnalisation. Ensemble, ces deux types de codes d’entreprise représentent les prémices de constitutions spécifiques d’entreprise transnationales conçues comme des constitutions au sens strict. Cet argument se fonde sur un concept de constitutionnalisation qui n’est pas limité à l’État-nation mais qui implique que des ordres sociétaux non-étatiques développent aussi des constitutions autonomes dans des circonstances historiques particulières. Nous proposons de démontrer que les codes d’entreprise présentent des fonctions, des structures et des institutions propres à de véritables constitutions : Dans la mesure où les codes d’entreprise « publics » et « privés » juridicisent les principes fondamentaux d’un ordre social et établissent en même temps des règles d’auto-limitation, ils remplissent des fonctions constitutionnelles centrales. Caractérisés par leur double réflexivité et leur métacodage binaire, les codes développent de véritables structures constitutionnelles. En tant qu’institutions constitutionnelles, les deux codes ne forment pas une hiérarchie de constitutions publiques et privées mais une relation ultracyclique de réseaux qualitativement différents de normes constitutionnelles.
Hannah Arendt et le problème de la justice pénale internationale : une pensée toujours actuelle ?
Authors: Lefebve Vincent
Published: February 2016

Cette étude s’attache à reconstruire les réflexions, parfois éparses, que Hannah Arendt a consacrées au problème de la justice pénale internationale. Pour atteindre cet objectif, sont considérées deux lignes de pensées solidaires qui structurent l’approche de la philosophe et lui confèrent son originalité. En premier lieu, il s’agit de montrer comment Arendt, à partir d’un procès singulier, celui d’Adolf Eichmann, s’efforce de mettre en lumière la « grandeur » de l’institution judiciaire elle-même, qui découle de l’insistance que place toute procédure judiciaire sur la responsabilité personnelle de l’individu plutôt que sur des tendances générales. La philosophe tente, de cette façon, de sauvegarder la spécificité de la justice vis-à-vis des domaines propres de la politique et de l’histoire. En second lieu, cette étude met en lumière la conception originale que développe Arendt de la notion de crime contre l’humanité comme atteinte portée à la structure plurielle de l’humanité, comme « refus de cohabitation ». À partir de l’exemple limite du génocide des Juifs d’Europe, la philosophe tente de cette façon de souligner le caractère véritablement sans précédent de cette catégorie juridique et des événements auxquels elle se rapporte. À l’intérieur du cadre tracé par cette pensée inédite de la justice pénale internationale, il s’avère possible de poser à nouveaux frais certaines questions qui animent, aujourd’hui encore, ce champ, comme la question de la source de la légitimité de la cour pénale internationale ou encore celle de la dimension essentiellement discriminatoire du crime contre l’humanité, considéré en tant qu’incrimination spécifique du droit international pénal.
The Right to Land and Territory: New Human Right and Collective Action Frame
Authors: Claeys Priscilla
Published: February 2016

La lutte contre l’appropriation de la nature, en particulier la terre, a été l’une des luttes clés du mouvement agraire transnational La Via Campesina (LVC) depuis sa création en 1993. La question de l’accès à la terre est devenue encore plus centrale après la crise alimentaire de 2007-08, dans un contexte de plus en plus marqué par l’accaparement des terres et le changement climatique. Cet article offre un examen critique de l’émergence du « droit à la terre et au territoire », à la fois comme cadre d’action collective déployé par les mouvements paysans transnationaux, et comme nouveau droit humain en droit international. Il explore comment les mouvements agraires ont utilisé le cadre des droits humains pour questionner l’établissement de droits de propriété absolus sur la terre et rétablir des limites politiques à l’accès à la terre. Il défend l’idée que les mouvements paysans défendent un nouveau droit à la terre en combinant les canaux institutionnels et extra-institutionnels, dans le but de renforcer la protection des droits des paysans à la terre (contre et par l’État) mais aussi dans le but d’avancer une conception alternative des droits humains qui corresponde davantage à leurs visions du monde et permette le développement d’initiatives fondées sur la souveraineté alimentaire, y compris en marge de l’État.
Le « droit à la vérité » à l’épreuve de ses mobilisations en Amérique latine : entre ressource et contrainte
Authors: Naftali Patricia
Published: February 2016

Cet article analyse les enjeux politiques et sociaux posés par l’émergence du concept de « droit à la vérité » et sa reconnaissance par le droit international. Il met en évidence l’ambivalence fondamentale d’une telle ressource pour les mouvements sociaux qui la mobilisent. Examinant le processus de construction de ce droit, il montre comment les victimes des dictatures militaires en Amérique latine ont pu y voir une ressource dans leurs luttes sociales et politiques des années 1970. Il fait voir ensuite comment cette ressource s’est également révélée une contrainte pour ces mobilisé.e.s, en raison de son indétermination et de la diversité des interprétations et réappropriations dont elle fait l’objet. L’article s’interroge enfin sur les nouvelles utopies charriées par l’avènement du « droit à la vérité » dans le discours du droit international des droits de l’homme.
« Quatre mois parmi nos Noirs d’Afrique » à la une du Petit Parisien : représentations de l’Afrique et de l’Africain à la fin des années 1920
Authors: Desmoulin Sophie
Published: February 2016

En 1928, Albert Londres, journaliste vedette de l’époque, part en Afrique noire française mener une enquête qui, dès sa parution dans les colonnes du Petit Parisien , provoque un tollé dans les milieux coloniaux et l’opinion publique. Au-delà de la réception bien connue du reportage, nous avons souhaité examiner les représentations de l’Afrique et de l’Africain, telles qu’elles sont véhiculées par les stratégies de promotion du média de masse, construites par le discours du journaliste et représentatives de l’imaginaire de l’époque.
Esthésie de la dénonciation. Albert Londres en Terre d’ébène
Authors: Lambert Frédéric
Published: February 2016

Publié tout d’abord dans Le Petit Parisien du 11 octobre au 11 novembre 1928, par épisodes, sous le titre Quatre mois parmi nos noirs d’Afrique , puis récrit et imprimé aux éditions Albin Michel en 1929 sous la forme d’un livre intitulé Terre d’ébène , le reportage d’Albert Londres est une dénonciation du colonialisme. Entre journalisme et littérature, entre témoignage et engagement politique, Albert Londres écrit ses phrases dans un style particulier que nous interrogeons autour d’une problématique que nous nommons l’esthésie de la dénonciation . Le style de la dénonciation est une présence partagée entre le temps de l’observation, le temps de l’interprétation par le langage et le temps de la reconfiguration du Texte par le lecteur. En observant deux dispositifs éditoriaux de la dénonciation du colonialisme avec André Gide et Albert Londres, nous questionnons l’efficacité de la dénonciation dans l’espace public. En nous interrogeant sur le succès d’Albert Londres comme figure héroïque du journaliste, nous observons comment la mémoire anticoloniale occulte l’histoire coloniale.
L’expérience soviétique des cinémas africains au lendemain des indépendances
Authors: Chomentowski Gabrielle
Published: February 2016

Au milieu des années 1950, en pleine Guerre froide, le Parti communiste d’Union soviétique s’engagea dans la conquête « des cœurs et des esprits » des populations d’Afrique. Peu connue, l’assistance de l’Union soviétique aux pays africains dans le domaine cinématographique, constitue un des volets de cette lutte idéologique. Cet article revient sur l’assistance en termes de matériel technique, de formation et de diffusion que l’URSS apporta à plusieurs pays africains des années 1950 aux années 1980.
Depression Training in an Assisted Living Facility: A Pilot Study
Authors: Beuscher Linda , Dietrich Mary
Published: February 2016

Depression in older adults residing in assisted living facilities (ALFs) is often not recognized. ALF staff who work with residents on a daily basis are the most likely individuals to recognize residents' depressive symptoms. The purpose of the current pilot study was to determine feasibility of a 4-week training program for 15 direct care staff to recognize any depression symptoms of 32 residents. Although training significantly improved knowledge, it did not improve staff recognition of residents with positive depressive symptoms. Staff reported the training provided them a better understanding about depression and rated the training as very helpful to be able to recognize depression symptoms. Staff requested more information on ways to respond to someone who is depressed. Additional training should emphasize staff–resident communication skills for staff. Challenges included resident attrition and dwindling staff participation. Strategies to address these challenges are presented. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 54
(5), 25–31.]
Baltazar Hacquet (1739/40-1815), the Pioneer of Karst Geomorphologists
Authors: Kranjc Andrej
Published: February 2016

Besides other sciences, B. Hacquet dedicated his research to geology and geomorphology (as we call them now). His most important work “Oryctographia carniolica or Physical (= geological) description of Carniola...” (1778−1789) contains descriptions of rocks, ores, fossils, as well as surface and underground features. In Carniola, karst is prevailing and therefore there is a lengthy description of karst geology and geomorphology included. His classification of mountains specially mentions Montes secundarii formed by grey limestone. Of surface features dolines, glacio-karstic dolines on high plateaus (with temperature and vegetation inversion), and karst poljes are mentioned. Hacquet presumed the evolution from flooded polje (seasonal lake) to a dry one. To explain the weathering and dissolution of limestone Hacquet took into account the differences between the rock, the exposition and its element content. That is the reason why Gams regarded him as a precursor of a climatic geomorphology and the “father” of corrosion theory. Hacquet has also found the difference between limestone and dolomite. His description of dolomite as Lapis suillus preceded the one of D. Dolomieu for 13 years. Hacquet’s statements were not based on observation only, but on the experiment too. When looking upon Hacquet’s explanations and results we must not forget that Hacquet’s time was still time of parapathetic logic, of four elements and of the principle of burning - the flogiston.
Analysis of Long-Term (1878-2004) Mean Annual Discharges of the Karst Spring Fontaine de Vaucluse (France)
Authors: Bonacci Ognjen
Published: February 2016

Statistical analyses have been carried out on a long-term (1878-2004) series of mean annual discharges of the famous karst spring Fontaine de Vaucluse (France) and the mean annual rainfall in its catchment. The Fontaine de Vaucluse is a typical ascending karst spring situated in the south-eastern region of France. The spring has an average discharge of 23.3 m3/s. The average annual rainfall is 1096 mm. Its catchment area covers 1130 km2. Using the rescaled adjusted partial sums (RAPS) method the existence of next five statistically significant different sub-series was established: 1) 1878-1910: 2) 1911-1941; 3) 1942-1959: 4) 1960-1964; 5) 1965-2004. The different spring discharge characteristics during this long period (1878-2004) can be caused by natural climatic variations, by anthropogenic influences, and possibly by climate changes. At this moment it should be stressed that objective and scientifically based reasons for different hydrological behaviour in five time sub-periods could not be found.
Alluvial Fans on Contact Karst: an Example from Matarsko Podolje, Slovenia.
Authors: Stepišnik Uroš , Ferk Mateja , Gostinčar Petra , Černuta Luka , Peternelj Karmen , Štembergar Tomaž , Ilič Urša
Published: February 2016

Several types of contact karst are found within the Slovenian karst, but the most common is the ponor type, which usually appears between flysch and limestone. The most extensive contact of this type is in western Slovenia, in the area of Matarsko podolje, where a variety of typical contact karst depression features can be found. In the northwestern part of Matarsko podolje two types of alluvial fans occur. One alluvial fan has an active process of alluvial sedimentation on its surface and is distinct in shape, just like alluvial fans in fluvial geomorphic systems. The other type represents relict alluvial fans on contact karst. They are fan-shaped surface features in carbonate bedrock. Their formation is a result of the gradual removal of alluvial cover and the chemical denudation of carbonate bedrock on areas that were covered by alluvial fans. Geomorphological features and processes on alluvial fans, and the influences of alluvial fans on the development of contact karst have been investigated in detail.
Degradation of Dolines on Logaško polje (Slovenia)
Authors: Breg Mateja
Published: February 2016

As an example of long-term human intervention onto karst geomorphology, the article deals with the area of the Logaško polje, where degradation processes of dolines have been very intense during the last fifty years. The analysis of aerial photographs from different periods (years 1944 and 2000) was carried out on a study area of 604 ha. It showed that 77.5 % of dolines (441 of total 569) have completly disappeared mostly by being filled up with different waste materials (excavation material, municipal, industrial and building waste etc.) or they were built up while 22.5 % (128) of dolines have been entirely or partly preserved. Several anthropogenic factors that had an important influence on doline-changes are being evaluated. Despite the fact, that doline is a typical geomorphological feature in karst landscape the public (local or state) and the scientific sphere pay little attention on their geomorphological preservation and protection. Considering the paradigm of sustainability, the landscape and its landforms, as they are part of Earth’s surface, would need to be classified as a non-renewable natural heritage or even non-renewable natural resources.
Shafts of Life and Shafts of Death in Dinaric karst, Popovo Polje Case (Bosnia & Hercegovina)
Authors: Lučić Ivo
Published: February 2016

In literature, Popovo polje is considered as a distinctive phenomenon of Dinaric karst. It is situated in the south part of Dinaric karst, at the end of Trebišnjica watershed. Recorded within it are numerous other typical phenomena. Shafts, ponors and estavelle (all three are traditionally called jamas) played an important role in traditional life of people from Popovo polje. In the article, “jamas” are assessed based on whether they were a source of life and on the side of life or against it, i.e. were lethal for the lives of people of Popovo polje region. Included in the first category are shafts which were oasis of drinking water in summer time, shafts which were made suitable for fishing the endemic fish Popovo Minnows (Delminichthys ghetaldii) and shafts on top of which over 40 flour mills were built. On the other side, shafts of death are natural shafts which were used as mass graves in the World War II. Most literature deals precisely with these. Shafts were subject of comprehensive research of Popovo polje for the needs of Trebišnjica Hydro-system Project, and extremely important and interesting bio-speleological endeavors, but those aspects remained outside the perception of general public of Popovo polje.
Sound Properties of Planinsko polje (Slovenia)
Authors: Korošec Josip , Perovšek Boštjan , Vončina Dejan
Published: February 2016

Geographically, the Planinsko Polje field is one of the most preserved cultural regions of the Karstic landscape of inner Slovenia and as such a protected area of national importance. It can be recognized by its exceptional features and landmarks of material and non-material heritage and by its high-quality symbiosis of all ingredients in its space. The research of sound in the area of Planinsko Polje shows that it is an important, preserved constituent of natural and cultural heritage. Its manifestations are also interesting as indicators of its actual endangerment.
Karst in France and UNESCO World Heritage
Authors: Cabrol Patric , Mangin Alain
Published: February 2016

FrenchKarst covers the third of the territory. Because calcare­ous deposits date back to the Cambrian and are now located in tabular region as well as in tectonic areas, Frenchkarst is famous for its diversity. Large karst landscapes are well known, suchas Les Grands Causses, the Gorges du Tarn and the Gorges du Verdon. Resurgences suchas the Vaucluse Fountain and the spring of the Lez are very famous too. Karstic units can show very large dimensions: 400 km for the six hydrological net­works of the Pierre Saint-Martin, 104 km for the Arbas Moun­tain. Maximum depths can reachhighrecords, at Pierre Saint Martin, Berger Cave, Jean Bernard Cave and recently Mirolda Cave was acknowledged to reach1733-meter depth. Studies proceeded during the last century have revealed an im­portant cave fauna. Considering the heritage value of Frenchkarst, the key point is not only the presence of more than 160 decorated caves from Palaeolithic period but also the number of caves showing concretions. Moreover, a rare phenomenon has to be underlined: in Ariege, the Intermittent Fontestorbes Spring is the most regularly and completely studied resurgence in the world. This amount of exceptional features for these caves commands to organise studies and programmes to estab­lishconditions of a good conservation of this heritage for the next generations.
Regular stalagmites: The theory behind their shape
Authors: Dreybrodt Wolfgang , Romanov Douchko
Published: February 2016

Under growth conditions constant in time stalagmites grow into an equilibrium shape, which is established, when all points of its surface are shifting by the same vertical distance during a time inter­val. Thereby is the recipitation rate in, is the calcium concentration of the supersatu­rated solution dripping to the apex of the stalagmite, and its equilibrium concentration with respect to calcite and the in the cave atmosphere. From these ingredients a numerical model of stalagmite growth into an equilibrium shape is presented. In this model one assumes idealistically that the water dripping to the apex flows continuously down the stalagmite, spreading out radially. By simple mass balance one finds that the equilibrium radius is , where is the volume of a drop and the drip interval. Furthermore numerical modeling repro­duces the vertical shifting of the stalagmite’s equilibrium shape. Finally an interesting similarity rule is found. If one scales two stalagmites of differing to the same size and chooses their growth axes as common axis and their apexes as common ori­gin, both show identical shapes. In other words regular stalag­mites are similar geometrically. This similarity rule is verified by digitizing the shapes of various natural stalagmites with di­ameters between 5 cm and 20 m. Within small natural varia­tions, the rescaled shapes are identical and close to the shape of the numerical model.
Geomorphological Characteristics of the Massif Prenj
Authors: Lepirica Alen
Published: February 2016

The researched area of the mountain massif Prenj with sur­face of 463 km2 is located in the zone of high karst of Outer Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is circular mountain morphostructure with assymetrical transversal profile. Devel­oped in Mesozoic subhorizontal layers of limestone and dolo­mite over 3500 thick, fissured by numerous reverse and normal faults. Prenj is folded-thrusted mountain massif (2103 m a.s.l.) uplifted during neotectonic phase of Dinarides development, structurally represented by three blocks. A high degree of cor­relation between lithology, fault structures and relief has been determinated. The main fault structures caused by rotation of Prenj blocks which were reflected on different orientations of stretching of the mountain ridges and composite valleys of Neretva, Konjièka Bijela, Mostarska Bijela, Glogo¹nica and Id-bar. Thrusts express tectonic, lithological, and morphological border of the considered mountain with inter mountain Neo­gene depressions in the North and South. Netectonic move­ments and dominanting carbonate composition of the terrain have influenced on reticular relief structure of the massif. Lin­ear landforms of ridges formed in karst are neotectonically, rectilinearly and half-arc elongated up to 12 km. In regards to morphogenesis during the Quaternary, the massif is character­ized by development: derasional, glacial, periglacial, karstic, fluviokarstic, fluviodenudational and fluvial erosional and ac­cumulational processes and landforms. Finally, geomorpho­logical regionalization of Prenj was made on the basis of the criteria of similarity of morpho-evolutionary, structural-litho­logical and orographical characteristics.
Cave Bear, Cave Lion and Cave Hyena Skulls from the Public Collection at the Humboldt Museum in Berlin
Authors: Kempe Stephan , Döppes Doris
Published: February 2016

The Linnean binomial system rests on the description of a holotype. The first fossil vertebrate species named accordingly was Ursus spelaeus, the cave bear. It was described by Rosenmüller in 1794 in his dissertation using a skull from the Zoolithen Cave (Gailenreuth Cave) in Frankonia, Germany. The whereabouts of this skull is unknown. In the Humboldt Museum, Berlin, historic skulls of the three “spelaeus species” (cave bear, cave lion, cave hyena) are displayed. We were allowed to investigate them and further material in the Museum’s archive in an attempt to locate the holotype skull. Here we report about our findings giving pertinent measurements of this historic material and depicting it for the first time. Studying the old labels we were able to establish the provenience of much of the material that includes in fact specimens from the original Rosenmüller collection. One of the cave lion skulls may actually be the one used in establishing the cave lion by Goldfuß (Diedrich 2008) while another may be the original that was used to define a “cave wolf ”.
Geometry and drainage of a retreating glacier overlying and recharging a karst aquifer, Tsanfleuron-Sanetsch, Swiss Alps
Authors: Gremaud Vivian , Goldscheider Nico
Published: February 2016

Alpine glaciers store large amounts of freshwater contributing to groundwater recharge during warmer periods, but the inter­actions between glaciers and aquifers have rarely been inves­tigated in detail. The Tsanfleuron-Sanetscharea, Switzerland, is an ideal test site to study glacier-aquifer interactions. It con­sists of a rapidly retreating glacier (2.8 km2) overlying a karst aquifer drained by a spring (mean discharge 600–700 L/s) used for drinking water supply and irrigation. The geometry and structure of the glacier were assessed by means of geophysical surveys, using radiomagnetotellurics (RMT). The estimated ice volume is 1.0 x 108 m3 (0.92 x 108 m3 water equivalent), but the glacier currently loses 1.5 m ice thickness per year. Field obser­vations, flow measurements and tracer tests allowed character­isation of glacier drainage and aquifer recharge. Three recharge pathways have been identified: 1) The main glacial stream sinks into the aquifer via swallow holes 3 km downstream of the glacier mouth; 2) Numerous small meltwater streams sink underground shortly below the glacier front; 3) Subglacial meltwaters and supraglacial streams sink into the glacier via moulins and contribute to aquifer recharge throughfractures and swallow holes underneaththe glacier. Recharge and spring discharge display strong diurnal and seasonal variability, witha general high-flow period during snow and glacier melt from spring to autumn. Preliminary predictions of the future avail­ability of spring water after disappearance of the glacier suggest that the discharge may decrease by 20–30%. Nearly all of this loss will occur in summer and autumn, presumably resulting in temporary water shortage.
Tracer tests as a tool for planning the monitoring of negative impacts of the Mozelj landfill (SE Slovenia) on karst waters
Authors: Kogovšek Janja , Petrič Metka
Published: February 2016

Tracer tests are one of the most useful researchmethods in karst hydrogeology and they have proved a valuable tool in various applied projects. In recent years we carried out a se­ries of tracer tests, and their results were used as the bases for planning the monitoring of water quality in the influence ar­eas of various pollution sources. In this paper, a case study of tracing at the landfill near Mozelj in southeastern Slovenia is described. The first goal was testing of the functioning of three monitoring boreholes, whichwere drilled at the margins of the landfill. As often happens in heterogeneous karst systems, they did not intersect the main flow paths from the landfill and are not suitable as monitoring points. On the other hand, the find­ings about the characteristics of tracer transport in the karst system and outflow throughthe karst springs were used for identifying the most suitable springs for monitoring and pre­paring an adequate sampling plan, whichshould be adapted to hydrological conditions.
Hydraulic Properties of Carbonate Rocks from Slovakian Borehole Database
Authors: Malík Peter , Švasta Jaromír
Published: February 2016

Using archival hard copy records on 22,922 wells and hy­drogeological boreholes, maintained since 1950's on the ter­ritory of Slovak Republic, a spatial database was developed. If possible, each borehole was linked to a certain aquifer or aquifer lithological type, according to its screened inter­val. Wells with ambiguous position of open casing were ex­cluded from further processing to obtain distinct relation of pumping rate to lithology. Using stored records of hydraulic tests, eachpumping rate was processed to obtain uniformly calculated “standard” specific capacity. These values were subsequently used to re-interpret hydraulic parameters. Based on standardized specific capacity data, estimates of transmissivity (T; in m2∙s-1) and hydraulic conductivity (K; in m∙s-1) for eachwell were calculated and linked to corre­sponding aquifer type. From these, hydraulic properties of limestones (238 boreholes), dolomites (463 boreholes) and granitoid rocks (96 boreholes) are compared. As anticipat­ed, geometrical mean of transmissivity was low for grani­toids (6.51∙10-5 m2∙s-1) and in one order of magnitude higher for limestones (6.16∙10-4 m2∙s-1), due to its enhancement by karstification. The highest observed value of mean transmis­sivity, two times higher than that found for limestones, was obtained for dolomitic aquifers (1.04∙10-3 m2∙s-1). Dolomitic aquifers also show the highest median values of hydraulic conductivity (3.21∙10-5 m∙s-1), in one order of magnitude higher than granitoids (2.10∙10-6 m∙s-1) and three times higher than limestones (9.45∙10-6 m∙s-1). In comparison with limestones, dolomites seem to be slightly more homogene­ous in aquifer properties; also several lithological types there show similarities in both T and K. Some limestone lithofacies (Steinalm and Raming), seem to have lower transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity comparing to other limestones types (Dachstein, Gutenstein, Wetterstein). The data on hy­draulic properties of all these hard rocks show lognormal statistical distribution and high heterogeneity.
UNDERGROUND METEOROLOGY-“What’s the weather underground?”
Authors: Badino Giovanni
Published: February 2016

The aim of this work is to provide a synthetic outline of some of the processes of transient nature occurring in caves, focusing on poorly studied general aspects of underground physics and mainly making use of original experimental data. In the first part, the average climatic conditions of a caves, their connection to the external climate, and the general role played by rock, water, air and external morphology are discussed. The variation of the internal temperature withthe altitude is a key parameter for the cave physics: the related energetic consequences are briefly discussed. In the second part, transient processes are considered, and a general overview of main meteorological phenomena occurring underground is given. The physics of thermal sedimentation, of underground temperature ranges, of infrasonic oscillations of cave atmospheres and, above all, of water vapour condensation in caves is synthetically described. The experimental study of these processes is extremely difficult, because they are time dependent and have very small amplitude; the first measurements show, however, that their variability from one cave to another, and from point to point inside a cave, is surprisingly high. To provide a more correct interpretation of underground climatic measurements, for their speleogenetic role and importance in cave environment protection, a better understanding of the processes described here is essential.
The effect of visitors in a touristic cave and the resulting constraints on natural thermal conditions for palaeoclimate studies (Eagle Cave, central Spain)
Authors: Dominguez-Villar David , Fairchild Ian J. , Carraasco Rosa M. , Pedraza Javier , Baker Andy
Published: February 2016

Temperature in Eagle Cave, central Spain, was measured over a year to determine the effect of tourists on the natural environ­ment. The mean cave temperature was 15.6°C in 2009, witha seasonal amplitude of <0.4°C. Access of tourists to the cavern produces thermal anomalies of <0.15°C, whichare recovered overnight in most cases. During days withhighvisitor num­bers, cumulative thermal anomalies may persist from one day to the next, causing an increase of cave temperature for longer periods. However, this anthropogenic effect disappears soon after the number of tourists reduces, lasting less than a week in most cases. Cumulative thermal anomalies are <0.02°C dur­ing most of the year and <0.1°C in periods withlarge number of visitors. The anthropogenic effect on cave temperature is non-persistent and has a small magnitude in comparison withnatural oscillations. Thus, long-term absolute temperatures ob­tained from Eagle Cave are not affected by visitors. The input of thermal energy caused by tourists is absorbed as latent heat by the cave (causing evaporation), whichprevents the increase of baseline temperatures in the environment. A condensation process occurs over cave walls and speleothems. This is the re­sult of cooling the atmosphere during the thermal equilibra­tion withcave walls once visitors leave. Althoughcondensation is found in Eagle Cave, the magnitude of the process is not enoughto cause any significant condensation corrosion that could damage speleothems as a result of the tourist visits. The cave is in thermal equilibrium withsurface temperatures, and calibration studies will produce suitable results for palaeocli­mate studies despite being a tourist cavern.
Contributions of geophysical techniques to the exploration of the Molnár János Cave (Budapest, Hungary)
Authors: Suranyi Gergely , Dombradi Endre , Leel-Őssy Szabolcs
Published: February 2016

Located in the centre of the Pannonian basin, one of the hottest basins in Europe withhighaverage heat flow values, Hungary has long been famous for hot water springs and frequent cave occurrences. The Molnár János Cave, an active thermokarstic cave, belonging to the Buda Hills karst system, lies beneatha highly populated district of Budapest. Its large passages are al­most completely filled by lukewarm water. Only the upper part of its largest known chamber rises above the water level, whichoffers an excellent site to examine recent cave generation pro­cesses. However, hitherto, no dry subsurface gateway existed towards this chamber; it was only accessible underwater. In this paper, we present the results of various geophysical investi­gations including GPR, magnetic and seismic methods, carried out in a close cooperation between geophysicists and speleolo­gists. The aim of the measurements was to determine the pre­cise position of the hall relative to a nearby drift. Based upon the successful seismic survey and first break analysis, a precise and efficient boring could be designed to realise the connec­tion. Finally, a passage between the two cavities has been estab­lished and, thus, the chamber of the cave is now accessible to the whole scientific community.
Climate, abiotic factors, and the evolution of subterranean life
Authors: Culver David C. , Pipan Tanja
Published: February 2016

Climate, and more generally the physical conditions in caves and other subterranean habitats have a profound influence on the biota. At longer time scale (centuries), climate change can force and/or isolate species in subterranean habitats. Not only Pleistocene climate changes, but earlier ones as well, suchas the Messinian salinity crisis were important in this regard. While many speleobiologists assume that caves are nearly constant environmentally and withscarce organic carbon, this is not the case, especially in non-cave subterranean habitats. Many shal­low subterranean habitats, suchas epikarst, seepage springs, and talus harbor highly modified organisms, ones without eyes and pigment and withelongated appendages. Yet these habi­tats are highly variable withrespect to temperature and other environmental factors, and often have highlevels of organic carbon. Overall, the role of these shallow subterranean habitats in the evolution and biogeography of subterranean species may be crucial. On smaller spatial scales, environmental differences, suchas differences in chemistry of epikarst water, may be im­portant in allowing large numbers of species to coexist.