bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Cracking of Bulky Hydrocarbons into Light Products via Tandem Catalysis over Uniform Interconnected ZSM‐5@AlSBA‐15 Composites
Authors: Zhang Yali , Wang Jiaren , Xie Xianglin , Wang Xiaoning , Wu Winston Duo , Chen Xiao Dong , Wu Zhangxiong
Published: January 2024

Deep cracking of bulky hydrocarbons on zeolite‐containing catalysts into light products with high activity, desired selectivity, and long‐term stability is demanded but challenging. Herein, the efficient deep cracking of 1,3,5‐triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) on intimate ZSM‐5@AlSBA‐15 composites via tandem catalysis is demonstrated. The rapid aerosol‐confined assembly enables the synthesis of the composites composed of a continuous AlSBA‐15 matrix decorated with isolated ZSM‐5 nanoparticles. The two components at various ZSM‐5/AlSBA‐15 mass ratios are uniformly mixed with chemically bonded pore walls, interconnected pores, and eliminated external surfaces of nanosized ZSM‐5. The typical composite with a ZSM‐5/AlSBA‐15 mass ratio of 0.25 shows superior performance in TIPB cracking with outstanding activity (≈100% conversion) and deep cracking selectivity (mass of propylene + benzene > 60%) maintained for a long time (> 6 h) under a high TIPB flux (2 mL h−1), far better (several to tens of times higher) than the single‐component and physically mixed catalysts and superior to literature results. The high performance is attributed to the cooperative tandem catalytic process, that is, selective and timely pre‐cracking of TIPB to isopropylbenzene (IPB) in AlSBA‐15 and subsequently timely diffusion and deep cracking of IPB in nanosized ZSM‐5.
Global Existence and Weak-Strong Uniqueness for Chemotaxis Compressible Navier–Stokes Equations Modeling Vascular Network Formation
Authors: Huo Xiaokai , Jüngel Ansgar
Published: January 2024

A model of vascular network formation is analyzed in a bounded domain, consisting of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations for the density of the endothelial cells and their velocity, coupled to a reaction-diffusion equation for the concentration of the chemoattractant, which triggers the migration of the endothelial cells and the blood vessel formation. The coupling of the equations is realized by the chemotaxis force in the momentum balance equation. The global existence of finite energy weak solutions is shown for adiabatic pressure coefficients $$\gamma >8/5$$

γ
>
8
/
5

. The solutions satisfy a relative energy inequality, which allows for the proof of the weak–strong uniqueness property.
Value creation in the wine industry—a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sánchez-García Eduardo , Martínez-Falcó Javier , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Georgantzis Nikolaos
Published: January 2024

The main aim of this study is to analyze the literature pertaining to value creation in the wine industry developed in the last two decades, identifying the main contributors such as leading institutions, authors, and countries, and uncovering the main subfields developed by researchers in this area. Bibliometric methods have been used to carry out this research, particularly the R package Bibliometrix®. The results unveil, besides the most relevant contributors, the main subtopics developed in the field of study. It is concluded that value creation is a key factor of success in the wine industry, playing academic research a leading role in revealing consumer trends, health benefits of wine, grape biodiversity, technological developments applicable to production processes, quality improvements of grapes and wines, sustainable practices, brand positioning and other sources of competitive advantage. This research can be of great significance to researchers, policymakers, and managers in the wine industry.
Immune profiling of patients with extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma treated with daratumumab
Authors: Qing Min , Zhou Tianyuan , Perova Tatiana , Abraham Yann , Sweeney Cheryl , Krevvata Maria , Zhang Xiaokang , Qi Ming , Gao Grace , Kim Tae Min , Yao Ming , Cho Seok-Goo , Eom Hyeon Seok , Lim Soon Thye , Yeh Su-peng , Kwong Yok Lam , Yoon Dok Hyun , Kim Jin Seok , Kim Won Seog , Zhou Longen , Attar Ricardo , Verona Raluca I.
Published: January 2024

Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive, heterogeneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma resulting from malignant proliferation of cytotoxic natural killer (NK) or T cells. Previous studies demonstrated variable expression of CD38 on NKTCL tumors. Daratumumab, a human IgGκ monoclonal antibody targeting CD38 with a direct on-tumor and immunomodulatory mechanism of action, was hypothesized to be a novel therapeutic option for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) NKTCL. In the phase 2 NKT2001 study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02927925) assessing the safety and efficacy of daratumumab, a suboptimal overall response rate was seen in R/R NKTCL patients. One patient, whose tumors did not express CD38, responded to treatment, suggesting that the immunomodulatory activities of daratumumab may be sufficient to confer clinical benefit. To understand the suboptimal response rate and short duration of response, we investigated the immune profile of NKTCL patients from NKT2001 in the context of daratumumab anti-tumor activity. Tumor tissue and whole blood were, respectively, analyzed for CD38 expression and patient immune landscapes, which were assessed via cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), multiparameter flow cytometry (MPFC), clonal sequencing, and plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA level measurements. Changes observed in the immune profiles of NKTCL patients from NKT2001, including differences in B and T cell populations between responders and nonresponders, suggest that modulation of the immune environment is crucial for daratumumab anti-tumor activities in NKTCL. In conclusion, these findings highlight that the clinical benefit of daratumumab in NKTCL may be enriched by B/T cell–related biomarkers.
Prediction of severe infections in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a simple risk score to stratify patients at diagnosis
Authors: Murru Roberta , Galitzia Andrea , Barabino Luca , Presicci Roberta , La Nasa Giorgio , Caocci Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is well-known for increasing susceptibility to infections. Factors such as immune dysregulation, IGHV status, hypogammaglobulinemia, and patient comorbidity and treatment, contribute to higher infection rates and mortality. However, the impact of hypogammaglobulinemia on infection rates is controversial. We aimed to identify clinical and biological parameters linked to the risk of severe infectious events. Additionally, we set up a straightforward risk infection score to stratify CLL patients at diagnosis, thereby enabling the development of suitable infection prevention strategies. We retrospectively evaluated 210 unselected CLL patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2018. This evaluation encompassed demographics, Binet stage, immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, treatment history, comorbidities, and IGHV mutational status at diagnosis. The frequency and severity of infectious events were recorded. Analysis revealed that age, IGHV mutational status, Binet stage, and hypogammaglobulinemia were statistically associated with the Time to First Infection (TTFI) in univariate and multivariate analyses. Using hazard ratios from the multivariate analysis, we finally devised a risk scoring system that integrated age, IGHV mutational status, immunoglobulin levels, and Binet stage to stratify patients at diagnosis based on their specific infection risk. In our cohort, disease progression and infections were the leading cause of death. These findings pointed out the clinical need for a screening process strategic for defining infectious risk at the time of CLL diagnosis, with a significant enhancement in the clinical management of these patients.
A verification phase adds little value to the determination of maximum oxygen uptake in well-trained adults
Authors: Bruggisser Fabienne , Wagner Jonathan , Niemeyer Max , Schoch Raphael , Schwendinger Fabian , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Knaier Raphael
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The objective was to investigate if performing a sub-peak or supra-peak verification phase following a ramp test provides additional value for determining 'true' maximum oxygen uptake ($$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2).

Methods

17 and 14 well-trained males and females, respectively, performed two ramp tests each followed by a verification phase. While the ramp tests were identical, the verification phase differed in power output, wherein the power output was either 95% or 105% of the peak power output from the ramp test. The recovery phase before the verification phase lasted until capillary blood lactate concentration was ≤ 4 mmol·L−1. If a $$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2 plateau occurred during ramp test, the following verification phase was considered to provide no added value. If no $$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2 plateau occurred and the highest $$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2 ($$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2peak) during verification phase was < 97%, between 97 and 103%, or > 103% of $$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2peak achieved during the ramp test, no value, potential value, and certain value were attributed to the verification phase, respectively.

Results

Mean (standard deviation) $$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2peak during both ramp tests was 64.5 (6.0) mL·kg−1·min−1 for males and 54.8 (6.2) mL·kg−1·min−1 for females. For the 95% verification phase, 20 tests showed either a $$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2 plateau during ramp test or a verification $$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2peak < 97%, indicating no value, 11 showed potential value, and 0 certain value. For the 105% verification phase, the values were 26, 5, and 0 tests, respectively.

Conclusion

In well-trained adults, a sub-peak verification phase might add little value in determining 'true' maximum $$ {{\dot{\text{V}}}} $$

V
˙

O2, while a supra-peak verification phase adds no value.
Image recoloring for color vision deficiency compensation using Swin transformer
Authors: Chen Ligeng , Zhu Zhenyang , Huang Wangkang , Go Kentaro , Chen Xiaodiao , Mao Xiaoyang
Published: January 2024

People with color vision deficiency (CVD) have difficulty in distinguishing differences between colors. To compensate for the loss of color contrast experienced by CVD individuals, a lot of image recoloring approaches have been proposed. However, the state-of-the-art methods suffer from the failures of simultaneously enhancing color contrast and preserving naturalness of colors [without reducing the Quality of Vision (QOV)], high computational cost, etc. In this paper, we propose an image recoloring method using deep neural network, whose loss function takes into consideration the naturalness and contrast, and the network is trained in an unsupervised manner. Moreover, Swin transformer layer, which has long-range dependency mechanism, is adopted in the proposed method. At the same time, a dataset, which contains confusing color pairs to CVD individuals, is newly collected in this study. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, quantitative and subjective experiments have been conducted. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is competitive to the state-of-the-art methods in contrast enhancement and naturalness preservation and has a real-time advantage. The code and model will be made available athttps://github.com/Ligeng-c/CVD_swin.
Optimization study on thermal performance of a novel dynamic phase change material wall
Authors: Zhang Guixiao , Min Yuyu , Chen Dengyue , Wang Meng , Wang Bing
Published: January 2024

A new concept of dynamic phase change material (PCM) wall structure in building envelope is proposed to enhance the passive solar energy utilization, in which PCM wall position could be exchanged with insulation layer. The thermal performance of phase change materials in buildings is related to many factors. To ensure that the novel dynamic PCM wall structure could reach its full potential, the thermal performance of the structure was numerically simulated and optimized based on different climatic conditions, room sizes and the position of PCM layer in the wall. The results indicated that the suitable PCM was different when using the novel dynamic PCM wall in different climates. Among the four cities of Harbin, Tianjin, Jinan and Guangzhou, northern cities, like Tianjin, were more suitable for using PCM A16 than southern cities. In terms of room size design, when the volume of the room remained identical, the room size design formed a certain correlation with the indoor temperature. In addition, results showed that the location of the novel PCM wall system in the wall would cause a great difference in indoor temperature, which was related to heat dissipation at different locations.
Development of a regional climate change model for Aedes vigilax and Aedes camptorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Staples Kerry , Neville Peter J. , Richardson Steven , Oosthuizen Jacques
Published: January 2024

Mosquito-borne disease is a significant public health issue and within Australia Ross River virus (RRV) is the most reported. This study combines a mechanistic model of mosquito development for two mosquito vectors; Aedes vigilax and Aedes camptorhynchus, with climate projections from three climate models for two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), to examine the possible effects of climate change and sea-level rise on a temperate tidal saltmarsh habitat in Perth, Western Australia. The projections were run under no accretion and accretion scenarios using a known mosquito habitat as a case study. This improves our understanding of the possible implications of sea-level rise, accretion and climate change for mosquito control programmes for similar habitats across temperate tidal areas found in Southwest Western Australia. The output of the model indicate that the proportion of the year mosquitoes are active increases. Population abundances of the two Aedes species increase markedly. The main drivers of changes in mosquito population abundances are increases in the frequency of inundation of the tidal wetland and size of the area inundated, increased minimum water temperature, and decreased daily temperature fluctuations as water depth increases due to sea level changes, particularly under the model with no accretion. The effects on mosquito populations are more marked for RCP 8.5 when compared to RCP 4.5 but were consistent among the three climate change models. The results indicate that Ae. vigilax is likely to be the most abundant species in 2030 and 2050, but that by 2070 Aedes camptorhynchus may become the more abundant species. This increase would put considerable pressure on existing mosquito control programmes and increase the risk of mosquito-borne disease and nuisance biting to the local community, and planning to mitigate these potential impacts should commence now.
Multiple aspects maintenance ontology-based intelligent maintenance optimization framework for safety-critical systems
Authors: Diao Xiaoxu , Zhao Yunfei , Vaddi Pavan K. , Pietrykowski Michael , Khafizov Marat , Smidts Carol
Published: January 2024

Maintenance optimization is a process for improving the efficiency of maintenance strategies and activities, considering various aspects of the target system and components, such as the probabilities of system failures and the cost of repair and replacement of a failed component. The improvement of maintenance optimization algorithms generally requires information from various data sources. For example, it may require the system risk information derived from risk analysis tools or the residual lifetime of a component from fault prognosis tools. The requirements of data acquisition (DAQ) and aggregation pose new challenges for maintenance management systems (MMSs) that implement and use these maintenance optimization algorithms. This paper proposes a multiple aspects maintenance ontology-based framework to facilitate DAQ from MMSs, online monitoring systems, fault detection and discrimination tools, risk assessment tools, decision-making tools, and component identification tools, and accelerate the implementation and verification of contemporary maintenance optimization models and algorithms. The proposed framework consists of a multi-aspect maintenance ontology with critical information for maintenance optimization and application interfaces for collecting information from various data sources, such as fault prognosis tools, online monitoring tools, risk assessment tools, and decision-making algorithms. In addition, this paper proposes a heuristic method for integrating concepts and properties from other existing ontologies into the proposed framework when the existing ontology is not fully compatible with the ontology under construction. Finally, the paper verifies the proposed ontology framework using a feedwater system designed for nuclear power plants with valves and filters as the components under maintenance.
Comment on “The Treatment of Uncertainty in Hydrometric Observations: A Probabilistic Description of Streamflow Records” by de Oliveira and Vrugt
Authors: Knoben W. J. M. , Clark M. P.
Published: January 2024

Quantifying uncertainties and errors in hydrometric observations is critical to improve our ability to predict streamflow. de Oliveira and Vrugt (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022wr032263) expand on an earlier publication (Vrugt et al., 2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003059) to describe a difference‐based variance estimation method that is, used to estimate the aleatory observation uncertainty in streamflow records directly from a time series of such data. The method is then applied to hourly data from 500+ catchments across the contiguous United States. This comment outlines our concerns that the assumptions needed to effectively use difference‐based variance estimation methods are not always met by hourly streamflow records. We illustrate our concerns through the use of a specific test case. We argue that more work is needed to quantify the individual sources of errors and uncertainties in hydrometric observations.
Determining the Orientation of a Magnetic Reconnection X Line and Implications for a 2D Coordinate System
Authors: Denton Richard E. , Liu Yi‐Hsin , Agudelo Rueda Jefferson A. , Genestreti Kevin J. , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Hosner Martin , Torbert Roy B. , Burch James L.
Published: January 2024

An LMN coordinate system for magnetic reconnection events is sometimes determined by defining N as the direction of the gradient across the current sheet and L as the direction of maximum variance of the magnetic field. The third direction, M, is often assumed to be the direction of zero gradient, and thus the orientation of the X line. But when there is a guide field, the X line direction may have a significant component in the L direction defined in this way. For a 2D description, a coordinate system describing such an event would preferably be defined using a different coordinate direction M′ oriented along the X line. Here we use a 3D particle‐in‐cell simulation to show that the X line is oriented approximately along the direction bisecting the asymptotic magnetic field directions on the two sides of the current sheet. We describe two possible ways to determine the orientation of the X line from spacecraft data, one using the minimum gradient direction from Minimum Directional Derivative analysis at distances of the order of the current sheet thickness from the X line, and another using the bisection direction based on the asymptotic magnetic fields outside the current sheet. We discuss conditions for validity of these estimates, and we illustrate these conditions using several Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) events. We also show that intersection of a flux rope due to secondary reconnection with the primary X line can destroy invariance along the X line and negate the validity of a two‐dimensional description.
Tales and Textiles Can Communicate the Science of Planets
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: January 2024

Artists are working with a scientist and a writer to boost public understanding of the science of planetary interiors.
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of pharmaceutical interventions used to manage chronic pain
Authors: Shetty Ashish , Delanerolle Gayathri , Cavalini Heitor , Deng Chunli , Yang Xiaojie , Boyd Amy , Fernandez Tacson , Phiri Peter , Bhaskar Arun , Shi Jian Qing
Published: January 2024

It is estimated 1.5 billion of the global population suffer from chronic pain with prevalence increasing with demographics including age. It is suggested long-term exposure to chronic could cause further health challenges reducing people’s quality of life. Therefore, it is imperative to use effective treatment options. We explored the current pharmaceutical treatments available for chronic pain management to better understand drug efficacy and pain reduction. A systematic methodology was developed and published in PROSPERO (CRD42021235384). Keywords of opioids, acute pain, pain management, chronic pain, opiods, NSAIDs, and analgesics were used across PubMed, Science direct, ProQuest, Web of science, Ovid Psych INFO, PROSPERO, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and EMBASE. All randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs), epidemiology and mixed-methods studies published in English between the 1st of January 1990 and 30th of April 2022 were included. A total of 119 studies were included. The data was synthesised using a tri-partied statistical methodology of a meta-analysis (24), pairwise meta-analysis (24) and network meta-analysis (34). Mean, median, standard deviation and confidence intervals for various pain assessments were used as the main outcomes for pre-treatment pain scores at baseline, post-treatment pain scores and pain score changes of each group. Our meta-analysis revealed the significant reduction in chronic pain scores of patients taking NSAID versus non-steroidal opioid drugs was comparative to patients given placebo under a random effects model. Pooled evidence also indicated significant drug efficiency with Botulinum Toxin Type-A (BTX-A) and Ketamine. Chronic pain is a public health problem that requires far more effective pharmaceutical interventions with minimal better side-effect profiles which will aid to develop better clinical guidelines. The importance of understanding ubiquity of pain by clinicians, policy makers, researchers and academic scholars is vital to prevent social determinant which aggravates issue.
Performance of machine learning algorithms in spectroscopic ellipsometry data analysis of ZnTiO3 nanocomposite
Authors: Barkhordari Ali , Mashayekhi Hamid Reza , Amiri Pari , Özçelik Süleyman , Hanife Ferhat , Azizian-Kalandaragh Yashar
Published: January 2024

In this research, the optical properties of the PVP: ZnTiO3 nanocomposite are studied using the spectroscopic ellipsometry technique. The preparation procedure of the ZnTiO3 nanocomposite is explained in detail. The absorbance/transmittance, surface morphology, structural information, chemical identification, and surface topography of the ZnTiO3 nanocomposite is studied using UV–Vis spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The ellipsometry method is used to obtain the spectra of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function and refractive index in the photon energy range of 0.59–4.59 eV. Moreover, using two machine learning algorithms, namely artificial neural network and support vector regression methods, the ellipsometric parameters ψ and Δ are analyzed and compared with non-linear regression. The error and accuracy of each three methods, as well as the time required for their execution, are calculated to compare their suitability in the ellipsometric data analysis. Also, the absorption coefficient was used to determine the band gap energy of the ZnTiO3 nanocomposite, which is found to be 3.83 eV. The second-energy derivative of the dielectric function is utilized to identify six critical point energies of the prepared sample. Finally, the spectral-dependent optical loss function and optical conductivity of the ZnTiO3 nanocomposite are investigated.
Modelling electrified railway signalling misoperations during extreme space weather events in the UK
Authors: Patterson Cameron J. , Wild James A. , Beggan Ciarán D. , Richardson Gemma S. , Boteler David H.
Published: January 2024

Space weather has the potential to impact ground-based technologies on Earth, affecting many systems including railway signalling. This study uses a recently developed model to analyse the impact of geomagnetically induced currents on railway signalling systems in the United Kingdom during the March 1989 and October 2003 geomagnetic storms. The March 1989 storm is also scaled to estimate a 1-in-100 year and a 1-in-200 year extreme storm. Both the Glasgow to Edinburgh line, and the Preston to Lancaster section of the West Coast Main Line are modelled. No “right side” failures (when unoccupied sections appear occupied) are suggested to have occurred during either storm, and the total number of potential “wrong side” failures (when occupied sections appear clear) is low. However, the modelling indicates “right side” and “wrong side” failures are possible on both routes during the 1-in-100 year and 1-in-200 year extreme storms, with the Glasgow to Edinburgh line showing more total misoperations than the Preston to Lancaster section of the West Coast Main Line. A 1-in-100 year or 1-in-200 year extreme storm would result in misoperations over an extended period of time, with most occurring over a duration of 2–3 h either side of the peak of the storm.
Exploring potential causal associations between autoimmune diseases and colorectal cancer using bidirectional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Feifan , Zhang Hua , Cao Baoshan
Published: January 2024

Several observational studies have revealed an association between autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), although their causal association remained controversial. Therefore, our study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to verify the causal association between AIDs and CRC. We employed three common MR approaches, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger methods, to assess the causal association between type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, celiac disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and CRC. The reverse MR analysis was performed to assess the possibility of reverse causation. To evaluate the validity of the analysis, we also performed sensitivity analysis, such as the heterogeneity test, the horizontal pleiotropy test, and the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, and validated the results in the validation cohort. Our results showed that genetically predicted T1D was nominally associated with a lower risk of CRC (IVW OR = 0.965, 95% CI = 0.939–0.992, P = 0.012). However, genetic susceptibility to psoriasis nominally increased the risk of CRC (IVW OR = 1.026, 95% CI = 1.002–1.050, P = 0.037). Genetically predicted PSC had a significant causal effect on the increasing risk of CRC (IVW OR = 1.038, 95% CI = 1.016–1.060, P = 5.85 × 10−4). Furthermore, the MR analysis between PSC and the CRC validation cohort indicated consistent results. We found no causal association between genetically predicted other five AIDs and CRC (P > 0.05). The results of reverse MR analysis showed that genetically predicted CRC had no causal effect on T1D, psoriasis, and PSC (P > 0.05). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results of the MR analysis were reliable. Our findings help to understand the causal association between AIDs and CRC, which deserves further investigation.
Investigating the causal relationship between physical activity and incident knee osteoarthritis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Liufang , Zhang Yuling , Li Qian
Published: January 2024

There is evidence that physical activity (PA) has a long-term positive impact on disease. Whether PA is a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to explore whether there is a causal relationship between PA and knee OA. We extracted PA and knee OA data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases. We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables. We performed MR analysis by random-effects inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR‒Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. We evaluated the stability and reliability of the results through sensitivity analysis. There was no significant association between PA and knee OA (p > 0.05). We did not detect any pleiotropy (MR‒Egger intercept test et al.: p > 0.05). The sensitivity analysis confirmed our results (p > 0.05). There is no causal relationship between PA and knee OA.
Boston bowel preparation scale score 6 has more missed lesions compared with 7–9
Authors: Kim Jung , Choi Ji Min , Lee Jooyoung , Han Yoo Min , Jin Eun Hyo , Lim Joo Hyun , Bae Jung Ho , Seo Ji Yeon
Published: January 2024

Adequate bowel preparation is an important factor in high-quality colonoscopy. It is generally accepted that a Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) score ≥ 6 is adequate, but some reports suggest ≥ 7. Subjects who underwent colonoscopy at least twice within 3 years from August 2015 to December 2019 were included. Polyp detection rates (PDRs), adenoma detection rates (ADRs), and number of polyps including adenomas were compared stratified by baseline colonoscopy (C1) BBPS score. Among 2352 subjects, 529 had BBPS 6 (group 1) and 1823 had BBPS 7–9 (group 2) at C1. There was no significant difference in PDR or ADR at C1 and follow-up colonoscopy (C2) between the two groups. However, the numbers of polyps (1.84 vs. 1.56, P = 0.001) and adenomas (1.02 vs. 0.88, P = 0.034) at C2 were significantly higher in group 1 than group 2, respectively. Segmental BBPS score 2 in group 1 compared to group 2, especially, showed higher PDR (P = 0.001) and ADR (P = 0.007) at C2. BBPS 6 is associated with a higher number of polyps and adenomas in short-term follow-up colonoscopy than BBPS 7–9. To reduce the risk of missed polyps, a thorough examination is necessary for BBPS 6.
Menstrual Cycle Effects on Mental Health Outcomes: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Ara Nelofar , V K Aswathy , Mustapha Kura Sani , Ali Ahmada Halima , Khatoon Nargis , Abubakar Ally Tariq
Published: January 2024

Menstruation causes the body to go through a cycle of changes each month. Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is the term used to describe the variety of symptoms that many women experience in the weeks before and during their periods. Some women do not at all suffer from PMS symptoms. However, some women’s symptoms may be crippling. We, therefore, examined the relationship between menstruation and mental health in this study and how one person can help the other. According to the current study based on a qualitative approach, 9% to 17% of women experience irritability, upset, or anxiety during their periods. Women report sleeping issues of 6% to 11%, mood swings of 9% to 16%, and bloating and pain of 9% to 16%. Between 8% and 15% of women get headaches around menstruation. Depression and period anxiety are both very typical. Premenstrual syndrome frequently includes these symptoms (PMS). Physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms known as PMS are present during the premenstrual stage of the cycle and disappear once the period starts. In addition to food cravings, headaches, Mood swings, social withdrawal, exhaustion, and sore breasts, PMS can also cause sadness before and during periods. However, premenstrual dysphoric disorder may be to blame for significant depression before or during periods (PMDD).
Analysis of the Skewed Sex Ratio and Female Foeticide in India
Authors: Mittal Anu , Kohli Ruchi , Mittal Amit
Published: January 2024

The present study is aimed at drawing attention and concern of the readers towards nefarious female foeticide problem in India. Female Foeticide is the death sentence to a girl even before her birth. The objectives of the study are met by analysing the problem of female foeticide by studying skewed sex ratio and child sex ratio in India and its states. The primary causes of female foeticide are addressed along with its adverse consequences on society. Study on the status of sex ratio in countries of world lists India at 4rth rank in most skewed sex ratio. Although sex ratio has improved recently yet child sex ratio is still the worst in India. The Northern Indian states & union territories have lowest sex ratio. The rural areas with less literacy have more sex ratio than urban areas with higher literacy. Indian government has taken many initiatives to promote girl child birth and enacted a number of laws to curb female foeticide, yet the immoral female foeticide is still in practice. Present study also suggests some measures to prevent this malpractice and hence empower the Women.
Adverse effects of Cosmetics on the Women Health
Authors: Kohli Ruchi , Mittal Anu , Mittal Amit
Published: January 2024

The Cosmetics used for beautification or enhancement of appearance are in high demand especially among the women but these products have deep dark side. Many additive chemicals in cosmetics like parabens, phthalates, polyethylene glycol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, 1,4 dioxane, trace heavy metals etc. are hazardous and pose a variety of health risks ranging from neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, reproductive disorders etc. Hence the safety of the cosmetics is an issue of prime concern. It is necessary to make people aware of cosmetic chemicals and their deleterious effects. The present study analyses the current scenario of cosmetic use in India, the behaviour of women consumers in Indian Cosmetic market in terms of age group using cosmetics, reasons for using cosmetics and expenditure on beauty products etc. The harmful chemical ingredients in cosmetics are discussed along with their adverse effects on health. The study is carried out with objective of making women aware of large number of toxic chemicals used in cosmetics and their negative health impacts. It will also draw attention of researchers and clinicians to investigate the likely causes of their negative consequences. A relatively new concept of green cosmetics is also mentioned, which are associated with less toxicity to human health and is suggested to be promoted and adopted by women.
Drug induced Parkinson’s: A comprehensive review of the issues and measures required to tackle the same
Authors: Birla Devendra , Kumar R Mahendra , Potale Yashraj , Kumar Sachin , Singh Gurdeep , Kumar Ankit
Published: January 2024

Drug-inducedParkinsonism(DIP) closelyresemblesParkinson'sdisease(PD)inmotorsymptoms butiscausedbyspecificmedicationsdisruptingdopaminereceptorsandneurotransmitterbalance. PD involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors resulting in the gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Environmental toxins and genetic mutations, such as LRRK2 and SNCA, contribute to the risk of developing PD. DIP primarily occurs due to the obstruction of dopamine receptors by certain drugs, notably antipsychotics and antiemetics, affecting dopamine transmission and causing Parkinsonian symptoms. Toxin-induced Parkinsonism(TIP)arisesfromexposuretosubstanceslikemanganese,herbicides,pesticides,and specific drugs, disrupting dopaminergic pathways and altering neurotransmission. This study examines various cases of DIP, emphasizing the significance of timely identification and intervention. A thorough understanding and proactive management of DIP are crucial for alleviatingsymptomsandimprovingpatientoutcomes.Healthcareprofessionalsneedtodiligently monitor patients using medications associated with DIP, adjust treatment plans, and educate patientsaboutpotentialsideeffects. Further researchisimperativetounravelthepathophysiology of DIP, considering genetic, environmental, and drug-related factors, to enhance clinical practices and optimize patient care. Addressing DIP requires a multifaceted approach, including early recognition, thoughtful management, and patient-centred care.
Exploration of Baicalin analogues against main Protease involved in Covid-19 as potential inhibitors involving in silico approaches
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Singh Manjinder , Kaur Paranjeet , Silakari Pragati , Mujawar Somdutt , Kumar Sahu Sanjeev
Published: January 2024

The proteolytic enzymesinvolved in the processing and replication of coronavirus serve a promising drug targetsfor coronavirus. Although a few numbers of vaccines have been made available, there is a great need for effective treatment to manageit. The current study involved the exploration of baicalin analogues as potential inhibitor of viral proteolytic enzyme. Utilizing various computational tools (scaffold morphing, molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies), the B74 and B86 analogueswere screened as potential inhibitors of main protease. Accordingly, these analogues can be explored further in the search of promising therapy against the coronavirus infection.
A Scoping Review and Preliminary Illustrative Analysis of Biomarkers in Stress-Related Psychiatric Illness: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Bhardwaj Sapna , Kaur Rupinder , kumari Pratima , Sharma Sumit , Pasricha Chirag , Jamwal Neha , Singh Ravinder , Arora Poonam , Kaur Paranjeet , Kumar Sahu Sanjeev
Published: January 2024

Stress is the body's response to any changes that might place it under mental, emotional, or physical strain and could either demand attention or prompt action. A stress reaction can be brought on by both internal and external factors. The conditions, demands, issues, and expectations you deal with every day are all regarded as external influences, as are your physical surroundings, your job, your contacts with others, your family, and all other related factors. The ability of your body to respond to and handle external stimuli depends on internal factors. Your ability to handle stress is influenced internally by your food habits, level of general health and fitness, mental health, and the amount of sleep and rest you get. Such demanding conditions could affect how certain stress hormone levels are regulated. Biomarkers such as mGlu2/3, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), serum alpha-amylase, amygdala reactivity, neuropeptide Y (NPY), heat shock proteins, cortisol, and catecholamines are used to assess the hormone imbalance. Disease prevention, early detection, and therapy are all possible uses for biomarkers. In this review, we looked at a wide range of stress-related biomarkers that might cause different psychiatric illnesses and how those conditions can, over time, alter a person's lifestyle.
Mathematical Study on Prey-Predator Dynamics Under Effect of Water Contamination
Authors: Tangri Shreya , Kumari Ruby , Kalra Preety
Published: January 2024

A significant class of water pollutants emerging as a threat to human and aquatic populations is Per-and-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The primary concern linked to PFAS is that they exhibit bioaccumulation potential as their perfluorocarbon moieties do not break down or do so very slowly under natural conditions, which is why PFAS has often been termed “forever chemicals.” These chemicals are disposed off in aquatic bodies via improper disposal methods, and because PFAS are persistent, they accumulate or concentrate in the water environment. Subsequently, these chemicals hamper the aquatic population and further enter the human food chain via direct consumption of affected aquatic species and drinking water. In this study, a mathematical model has been developed to understand the alarming consequences of PFAS on human and aquatic populations and the various challenges being faced due to inadequate treatment and management of these chemicals. The model has been analyzed for stability at the equilibrium points. Numerical simulations have also been carried out to support the analytical findings. The analysis demonstrates that rising PFAS contamination is extremely hazardous to both aquatic and human populations and immediate control methods need to be devised to restrain their increasing levels in water.
Micro-essential and toxic heavy metals in surface water of Harike wetland - India
Authors: Naqash Nafiaah , Devi Sarita , Singh Rahul
Published: January 2024

Wetlands are consequential habitats with diverse flora and fauna. The overutilization of these habitats led to the implementation of conservational strategies which includes Ramsar convention. Harike wetland is the largest wetland in northern India, declared as a Ramsar site. However, the recent industrialization and anthropogenic activities may result in the ecological degradation of this wetland. The wetland is eminently polluted due to industrial discharges, therefore the present study was undertaken to investigate heavy metal status of Harike wetland. The analysis included bio-essential (chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc) and non-essential (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead) heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals in the surface water was determined using inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and the recovered values were compared to the global and national standards. Among all the heavy metals analysed the mean concentrations of iron (437.983 µg/l), mercury (4.011 µg/l) and lead (156.719 µg/l) were recorded to be alarming. The higher concentration of heavy metals may be directly related to the inlet from river Sutlej, as the water is contaminated by various industrial, domestic and agricultural sources. Therefore, continuous monitoring and adequate measures need to be implemented to improve the water quality of internationally recognized wetland.
A short on the current scenario of fluctuations in commodity market in India
Authors: Kaur Gursimran , Dhiman Babli
Published: January 2024

Several Indian commodities are fluctuating in price. Gold prices rose 1.5% this month to a 6- month high, while crude oil prices fell 5% to a 4-month low owing to sluggish global demand. These variations are expected to raise the commodities market's nominal worth to US$983.30 billion by 2023. These changes are caused by supply and demand, production costs, economic development, geopolitical events, natural catastrophes, speculative trading, and government policies. These variables impact commodity prices and the global economy, influencing consumer products, stock markets, and other industries. These swings have major effects on India's economy. Trade disruptions may hurt commodity-dependent economies. Even as prices fall, commodities market volatility is expected to provide economic concerns. Commodity pricing, global trade dynamics, and changing rules and standards may impact actual economic activity, inflation, and economic development in India.
AI-Powered Super-Workers: An Experiment in Workforce Productivity and Satisfaction
Authors: Valeriya Glazkova , John Vivek , Singla Atul , Yamini Devi J. , Kumar Kaushal
Published: January 2024

In this paper, "AI-Powered Super-Workers," the revolutionary power of artificial intelligence (AI) on the workforce is empirically shown. Based on real data, the conclusions show significant shifts in work satisfaction and productivity. For example, up to 52% productivity benefits were seen in a variety of professions; one such function was that of a Sales Executive (John Smith, for example), whose productivity rose by 50% after AI integration. Job satisfaction soared, with a significant 46% improvement noted by Employee 1 (John Smith). The 20% boost in skill that Employee 2 (Sarah Johnson) demonstrated highlights the efficacy of AI-driven training. AI use patterns that highlight individual differences in AI adoption include Employee 4 (Emily Brown) using AI for 21 hours. This research may be summarized by the following keywords: AI use, workforce productivity, job satisfaction, skills advancement, and AI integration.
Blockchain Integration in Industry 5.0: A Security Experiment for Resilience Assessment
Authors: Natalia Taskaeva , Pathani Ashish , Dhaliwal Navdeep , Rajasekhar N. , Khatkar Monika
Published: January 2024

This study uses an organized experimental methodology to assess the security and robustness of blockchain-integrated systems within the framework of Industry 5.0. The R&D department's average salary increased by 10%, according to an analysis of personnel statistics, which reflects trends in remuneration. Interdepartmental transactions have increased by 20% according to blockchain transaction analysis, highlighting the significance of safe interdepartmental cooperation. Security issues highlight the need of ongoing watchfulness; in the R&D department, data breaches have increased by 30%. The Manufacturing department scored 85% on the resilience evaluation, which reveals diversity in departmental flexibility. Conclusively, this study offers crucial perspectives on blockchain's function in Industry 5.0 and underscores the need of security, cooperation, and adaptability in this dynamic environment.
Community Engagement in Smart Cities: A Social Network Analysis and Community Engagement Test
Authors: Maksudovna Vafaeva Khristina , Ghalwan Manish , Surekha P. , Nangia Richa , Bharadwaj Deepak
Published: January 2024

This study, carried out in the ever-changing context of Smart Cities, reveals the complex interactions of digital social networks, digital community involvement, and the Community involvement Test (CET) framework. The examination of data obtained from certain Smart Cities indicates a thriving milieu of community engagement, characterized by a markedly elevated rate of active participation. The identification of urgent issues, particularly those related to environmental sustainability, safety, traffic management, and educational quality, is consistent with the larger urban difficulties that these creative urban centers are facing. Additionally, the CET framework's integration of SNA data and survey results produces very high ratings, indicating the engagement programs' outstanding performance in promoting resident satisfaction and active involvement. These results highlight how digital technologies can help Smart Cities foster vibrant, engaged communities. They also highlight the continued need for smart urban policies to address urgent issues and maintain residents' quality of life while adhering to the Smart City paradigm.
The Economic Viability of Smart Home Investments: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Larionova Yuliya V. , Sharma Deepti , Nijhawan Ginni , Kumari Neeraj , Devi Sarita
Published: January 2024

This study report performed a thorough data-driven analysis to evaluate the economic sustainability of smart home investments in the quickly changing residential living scene. The research provided a comprehensive view of the financial ramifications of implementing smart home technology by taking into account initial investment costs, energy savings, maintenance and operating expenditures, and user satisfaction. The results show a considerable potential for improved user happiness and energy savings, which supports the financial viability of smart home investments. The findings highlight the multifarious significance of these technologies in establishing more practical and efficient living environments and provide insightful information for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and homeowners.