bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of observation mode on ratings of teaching quality in secondary mathematics classrooms
Authors: Jentsch Armin , Benecke Kirsten , Blömeke Sigrid , König Johannes , Kaiser Gabriele
Published: February 2024

In educational research, teaching quality is extensively studied because of its role of a mediator between teacher characteristics and student learning. However, empirical evidence on differences between video and live scoring of teaching quality is rare. In the present study, thirty lessons from 15 secondary mathematics classrooms in a German metropolitan area were observed. Lessons were scored both live in the classroom and using video recordings. Live and video scoring was conducted by (different) trained observers. Ratings were obtained with a “hybrid” observational instrument that covers generic and subject-specific characteristics of teaching quality in mathematics classrooms. Generalizability analysis and paired t tests were performed to investigate mode effects. The findings showed that in live scoring, classroom management was rated lower, and cognitive activation was rated higher. Rankings of lessons or classrooms were very similar across modes, and reliabilities did not differ to a meaningful extent either, except for classroom management reaching better results for live ratings. This suggests that based on the present findings, classroom observation performed with our hybrid framework of teaching quality generalizes across observation mode only under certain circumstances. Further research is necessary to better understand the relation between observation mode and teaching quality ratings, as well as the impact of the scoring procedures. We discuss the implications of our findings for educational research and practice.
Preoperative Strategies for Locally Advanced Colon Cancer
Authors: Nair Kanika G. , Kamath Suneel D. , Chowattukunnel Nivan , Krishnamurthi Smitha S.
Published: February 2024

Opinion statement

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe for patients with locally advanced colon cancer (LACC). The FOxTROT trial demonstrated a reduction in residual and recurrent cancer at 2 years with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with cT3-4 LACC. Preoperative chemotherapy should be avoided, if possible, for patients with dMMR LACC, as over 50% of dMMR cancers have no pathologic response. Early universal testing of MMR status is critical to selecting the appropriate neoadjuvant therapy. Concerns about CT staging of LACC have limited uptake of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as approximately 25% of patients with cT3-T4 cancer on CT have low-risk stage II disease. Development of CT criteria for malignant nodes should reduce the risk of over-staging. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to identify patients for neoadjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is safe and results in dramatic pathologic responses in patients with dMMR LACC. Longer follow-up is needed to determine if the exceptionally high pathologic response rates observed will translate into long-term remission. Remarkably, neoadjuvant immunotherapy has been found to cause major pathologic responses in a subset of patients with pMMR LACC, indicating the potential to cure more patients with this common cancer. Patients with cT4 LACC, whether stage II or III, have a substantial risk of recurrence despite adjuvant fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin chemotherapy. We recommend neoadjuvant systemic therapy for all patients with cT4b LACC (dMMR and pMMR). Features of T4b disease are routinely reported by radiology. We use three cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy for patients with cT4b pMMR LACC, due to the high rate of compliance and improvement in residual and recurrent disease. Patients with cT4b dMMR LACC should receive neoadjuvant immunotherapy, if there are no contraindications. Clinical trials of neoadjuvant therapy for LACC are of great interest and should provide training for radiologists to identify eligible patients. Results are anticipated from multiple ongoing trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy for pMMR LACC and immunotherapy for dMMR LACC.
Machine learning tool for the prediction of electrode wear effect on the quality of resistance spot welds
Authors: Panza Luigi , Bruno Giulia , Antal Gabriel , De Maddis Manuela , Russo Spena Pasquale
Published: February 2024

The quality of resistance spot welding (RSW) joints is strongly affected by the condition of the electrodes. This work develops a machine learning-based tool to automatically assess the influence of electrode wear on the quality of RSW welds. Two different experimental campaigns were performed to evaluate the effect of electrode wear on the mechanical strength of spot welds. The resulting failure load of the joints has been used to define the weld quality classes of the machine learning tool, while data from electrode displacement and electrode force sensors, embedded in the welding machine, have been processed to identify the predictors of the tool. Some machine learning algorithms have been tested. The most performing algorithm, i.e., the neural network, achieved an accuracy of 90%. This work provides important theoretical and practical contributions. First, the decreasing thermal expansion of the weld nugget as the electrode degradation advances results in a strong correlation between the difference of the maximum displacement value and the last value recorded during the welding and the relative failure load. Then, this work offers a practical decision support tool for manufacturers. In fact, the automatic detection of low-quality welds allows to reduce or eliminate unnecessary redundant welds, which are performed to compensate for the uncertainty of electrode wear. This leads to savings in time, energy, and resources for manufacturers. Finally, general recommendations for the timing of redressing or replacing the electrode are provided in the manuscript based on the company willingness to accept some non-compliant welds or not.
The role of spillovers when evaluating regional development interventions: evidence from administrative upgrading in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxuan , Li Chao , Gibson John
Published: February 2024

Direct effects of regional development interventions on targeted areas may be amplified by positive spillovers from elsewhere or offset by negative spillovers. Yet spillovers are often ignored in the applied literature, where impact analyses based on difference-in-differences typically treat spatial units as independent of their neighbours. We study spatial spillovers from a popular regional development intervention in China—converting counties to cities. China’s top-down approach lets only central government bestow city status on an area, with over ten percent of counties upgraded to cities in the last two decades. A growing literature estimates impacts of these conversions, with spatial units typically treated as independent of their neighbours. In contrast, our spatial econometric models use a 20-year panel for almost 2500 county-level units to allow indirect spillover effects on indicators of local economic activity. The positive direct effects on GDP and luminosity of a county being upgraded are amplified through positive indirect effects, especially in the eastern regions of China where economic activity and population are more densely concentrated. The models without spatial lags that ignore spillovers give estimated effects of converting counties to cities that are only two-fifths to two-thirds as large as the estimated effects coming from the spatial models.
Citizen-Led Environmental Governance: Regulating Urban Wetlands in South America
Authors: Herrera Veronica
Published: February 2024

Wetlands provide ecosystem services such as flood protection, improved water quality, and wildlife habitat, but are under attack in urban land-use conflicts in the Global South. This article presents two cases of local wetlands governance conflicts in Colombia (Humedal la Conejera, Bogotá, Cundinamarca) and Argentina (Laguna de Rocha, Esteban Echeverría, Gran Buenos Aires) to illustrate divergent pathways toward improved environmental governance via citizen pressures: the collaborative method (Bogotá) and the adversarial method (Buenos Aires). While existing scholarship on citizen-led regulation stresses the importance of collaboration between community organizations and the state, this article argues that adversarial tactics are also a key component of environmental governance. In both cases, citizen-led pressures led to increased enforcement of regulatory measures to restore wetlands and gain protected-area status. Citizen-led governance involved adversarial strategies such as marches, litigation, and shaming and blaming in the media, as well as collaborative strategies such as creating broad-based educational forums, working inside city government, and partnering directly with public institutions to set new policies. Against the backdrop of extensive collusion between elected officials and land developers, citizen-led subnational environmental governance has become the regulatory regime of last resort in urban Latin America.
Verbal, physical and relational aggression: individual differences in emotion and cognitive regulation strategies
Authors: Kyranides Melina Nicole , Mirman Jessica Hafetz , Sawrikar Vilas
Published: February 2024

Cognitive and emotion regulation strategies play an influential role in the display of aggression, however much of this research has failed to identify specific regulation strategies related to aggression. The study’s objective was to assess how emotional processes and the habitual use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies are associated with trait aggression. Participants (N = 306; Mage = 33.79; SD = 13.29), completed a self-report survey battery assessing four subtypes of trait aggression (physical, verbal and romantic relational and peer-directed relational), emotion (anger, hostility) and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (blaming others, blaming self, ruminating, catastrophizing). Results indicated that anger and hostility (the emotion based variables) had greater influence on all subtypes of trait aggression (physical, verbal, and relational aggression), compared to cognitive emotion regulation strategies which had less of an influence. Blaming others had a positive association with physical and peer directed relational aggression. Low levels of rumination were associated with physical aggression, while low levels of self-blame were associated with peer directed relational aggression. Findings suggest that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies have differential impact on different forms of aggressive behavior.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy after COVID-19 in refractory high-grade B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Hayashino Kenta , Seike Keisuke , Fujiwara Kanako , Kondo Kaho , Matsubara Chisato , Terao Toshiki , Kitamura Wataru , Kamoi Chihiro , Fujiwara Hideaki , Asada Noboru , Nishimori Hisakazu , Ennishi Daisuke , Fujii Keiko , Fujii Nobuharu , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Maeda Yoshinobu
Published: February 2024

Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies have dramatically improved the outcomes of relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, recipients suffer from severe humoral immunodeficiencies. Furthermore, patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a poor prognosis, as noted in several case reports of recipients who had COVID-19 before the infusion. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman who developed COVID-19 immediately before CAR-T therapy for high-grade B-cell lymphoma. She received Tixagevimab−Cilgavimab chemotherapy and radiation therapy but never achieved remission. She was transferred to our hospital for CAR-T therapy, but developed COVID-19. Her symptoms were mild and she was treated with long-term molnupiravir. On day 28 post-infection, lymphodepleting chemotherapy was restarted after a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was confirmed. The patient did not experience recurrence of COVID-19 symptoms or severe cytokine release syndrome. Based on the analysis and comparison of the previous reports with this case, we believe that CAR-T therapy should be postponed until a negative PCR test is confirmed. In addition, Tixagevimab−Cilgavimab and long term direct-acting antiviral agent treatment can be effective prophylaxis for severe COVID-19 and shortening the duration of infection.
Monitoring Drought Tolerance Mechanisms of Sorghum and Maize Under Unevenly Distributed Precipitation
Authors: Frantová Nicole , Rábek Michal , Porčová Lenka , Jovanović Ivana , Širůček Petr , Lukas Vojtěch , Hájek Josef , Elzner Petr , Holková Ludmila , Smutná Pavlína , Smutný Vladimír , Středa Tomáš , Cerkal Radim
Published: February 2024

The study examines the morpho-physiological differences in leaf characteristics between two species of C4 plants: sorghum and maize. The research was conducted in field conditions where plants were rainfed. Both species different varieties were cultivated at two distinct sites that exhibited variations in soil texture and drought stress incidence according to the vegetation condition index (VCI). Samples were collected during various growth stages to analyze the relative water content (RWC), proline levels, and stomatal density. Sorghum plants displayed higher RWC, proline levels, and stomatal density than maize plants. In sorghum, the biochemical traits, such as the proline content, may play a more critical role in withstanding water-limited conditions than in maize in our experiment. Under the same water restriction period, sorghum showed higher RWC levels. Sorghum plants reduced stomatal density under more water-limited conditions, which proves its plasticity. Additionally, early maturation played a crucial role in both species. The early sorghum variety KWS Kallisto and maize variety Walterinio KWS had a more stable yield at both sites. Nevertheless, the highest yields were found in the later varieties, KWS Hannibal and KWS Inteligens. The higher proline levels and the relative water content are drought-tolerant mechanisms and may be used to indicate drought intensity in field conditions. Our findings spotlight the influence of genetic diversity and genotype-environment interactions in determining crop responses to drought stress, providing valuable information for future breeding programs to enhance drought tolerance in crops.
Exploring remote operation of heavy vehicles—findings from a simulator study
Authors: Andersson Jonas , Rizgary Daban , Söderman Mikael , Vännström Johanna
Published: February 2024

Fully automated driving has posed more challenges than expected, and remote operation of heavy vehicles is increasingly getting attention. Therefore, human remote operators may have an essential role in compensating for the technological shortcomings in vehicle automation. This poses challenges in designing the work of human remote operators of automated heavy vehicles. This paper present findings from a research project performed in collaboration between the RISE Research Institutes of Sweden and Scania. In the project, human-automation interaction requirements and challenges for remote operator work were explored through a simulator study. Before the study, three main operator tasks were defined: assessment, assistance, and remote driving. The simulation occurred in a transportation scenario where operators handled ten trucks driving on a public road and in confined areas (transportation hub). Fifteen participants completed the study. The results provide examples and insights into classical automation-related challenges in a new context—the remote operation of heavy vehicles. Instances of challenges with situational awareness, out-of-the-loop, trust, and attention management were found and are discussed in relation to HMI design and requirements. In addition, it was found that transitions between relatively passive monitoring and more active assistance and driving were performed more fluently than expected. In general, supervisory control of ten vehicles in parallel was seen as a feasible task given the conditions in the simulated environment.
Lipschitz continuity of the dilation of Bloch functions on the unit ball of a Hilbert space and applications
Authors: Miralles Alejandro
Published: February 2024

Let $$B_E$$

B
E

be the open unit ball of a complex finite- or infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. If f belongs to the space $$\mathcal {B}(B_E)$$

B
(

B
E

)

of Bloch functions on $$B_E$$

B
E

, we prove that the dilation map given by $$x \mapsto (1-\Vert x\Vert ^2) \mathcal {R}f(x)$$

x
↦
(
1
-
‖
x

‖
2

)
R
f

(
x
)

for $$x \in B_E$$

x
∈

B
E

, where $$\mathcal {R}f$$

R
f

denotes the radial derivative of f, is Lipschitz continuous with respect to the pseudohyperbolic distance $$\rho _E$$

ρ
E

in $$B_E$$

B
E

, which extends to the finite- and infinite-dimensional setting the result given for the classical Bloch space $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
. To provide this result, we will need to prove that $$\rho _E(zx,zy) \le |z| \rho _E(x,y)$$

ρ
E

(
z
x
,
z
y
)

≤

|
z
|

ρ
E

(
x
,
y
)

for $$x,y \in B_E$$

x
,
y
∈

B
E

under some conditions on $$z \in \mathbb {C}$$

z
∈
C

. Lipschitz continuity of $$x \mapsto (1-\Vert x\Vert ^2) \mathcal {R}f(x)$$

x
↦
(
1
-
‖
x

‖
2

)
R
f

(
x
)

will yield some applications on interpolating sequences for $$\mathcal {B}(B_E)$$

B
(

B
E

)

which also extends classical results from $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
to $$\mathcal {B}(B_E)$$

B
(

B
E

)

. Indeed, we show that it is necessary for a sequence in $$B_E$$

B
E

to be separated to be interpolating for $$\mathcal {B}(B_E)$$

B
(

B
E

)

and we also prove that any interpolating sequence for $$\mathcal {B}(B_E)$$

B
(

B
E

)

can be slightly perturbed and it remains interpolating.
Crusades and Violence
Authors: Cassidy-Welch Megan
Published: February 2024

How was violence understood and justified during the time of the crusades? This book argues that although just/holy war theory has long provided the framework for explaining crusading violence, cultural history gives us deeper insights into the meaning and conduct of medieval crusading warfare. Using a range of sources including histories, letters, and material culture from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, this book provides fresh insights into medieval violence and the history of the crusades. It shows how violence was debated, defined, worried about, celebrated, and condemned, and that the boundaries of legitimate and illegitimate conduct in crusading warfare were constantly and consciously tested.
Trade, Globalization, and Dutch Art and Architecture
Authors: Kehoe Marsely
Published: February 2024

We all look to our past to define our present, but we don't always realize that our view of the past is shaped by subsequent events. It's easy to forget that the Dutch dominated the world's oceans and trade in the seventeenth century when our cultural imagination conjures up tulips and wooden shoes instead of spices and slavery. This book examines the Dutch so-called 'Golden Age' through its artistic and architectural legacy, recapturing the global dimensions of this period by looking beyond familiar artworks to consider exotic collectibles and trade goods, and the ways in which far-flung colonial cities were made to look and feel like home. Using the tools of art history to approach questions about memory, history, and how cultures define themselves, this book demonstrates the centrality of material and visual culture to understanding history and cultural identity.
Petrarch and the Making of Gender in Renaissance Italy
Authors: McHugh Shannon
Published: February 2024

This book is a new history of early modern gender, told through the lyric poetry of Renaissance Italy. In the evolution of Western gender roles, the Italian Renaissance was a watershed moment, when a confluence of cultural developments disrupted centuries of Aristotelian, binary thinking. Men and women living through this upheaval exploited Petrarchism's capacity for subjective expression and experimentation - as well as its status as the most accessible of genres - in order to imagine new gendered possibilities in realms such as marriage, war, and religion. One of the first studies to examine writing by early modern Italian men and women together, it is also a revolutionary testament to poetry's work in the world. These poets' works challenge the traditional boundaries drawn around lyric's utility. They show us how poems could be sites of resistance against the pervading social order - how they are texts capable not only of recording social history, but also of shaping it.
Exhibiting Antonio Canova
Authors: Ferando Christina
Published: February 2024

Exhibiting Antonio Canova: Display and the Transformation of Sculptural Theory argues that the display of Canova's sculptures in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries acted as a catalyst for discourse across a broad range of subjects. By enshrining his marble figures alongside plaster casts of ancient works, bathing them in candlelight, staining and waxing their surfaces, and even setting them in motion on rotating bases, Canova engaged viewers intellectually, physically, and emotionally. These displays inspired discussions on topics as diverse as originality and artistic production, the association between the sculptural surface, flesh, and anatomy, the relationship between painting and sculpture, and the role of public museums. Beholders' discussions also shaped the legacy of important sculptural theories. They helped usher in their modern definitions and created the lenses through which we experience and interpret works of art, establishing modern attitudes not just towards sculpture, but towards cultural patrimony in general.
Think big – act smart: thoughts on the future of the Art Discovery Group Catalogue
Authors: Simane Jan
Published: February 2024

The Art Discovery Group Catalogue is a virtual bibliographic resource based on the catalogues of over 70 art and museum libraries. Its future is closely linked to the question of technically and topically innovative data concepts on the one hand and to new retrieval and analysis procedures on the other. Will it be possible to interpret both the quantity and the diversity of the data in a more future-oriented and efficient way for scientific questions than traditional catalogues do?
The within-country distribution of brain drain and brain gain effects: A case study on Senegal
Authors: Bocquier Philippe , Cha'ngom Narcisse , Docquier Frédéric , Machado Joël
Published: February 2024

Existing empirical literature provides converging evidence that selective emigration enhances human capital accumulation in the world's poorest countries. However, the within-country distribution of such brain gain effects has received limited attention. Focusing on Senegal, we provide evidence that the brain gain mechanism primarily benefits the wealthiest regions that are internationally connected and have better access to education. Conversely, human capital responses are negligible in regions lacking international connectivity, and even negative in better connected regions with inadequate educational opportunities. These results extend to internal migration, implying that highly vulnerable populations are trapped in the least developed areas.
Addressing Algorithmic Errors in Data-Driven Border Control Procedures
Authors: Forti Mirko
Published: February 2024

The gradual digitization of EU migration policies is turning external borders into AI-driven filters that limit access to fundamental rights for people from third countries according to risk indicators. An unshakeable confidence in the reliability of technological devices and their ability to predict the future behaviour of incoming foreigners is leading towards the datafication of EU external frontiers. What happens if the supposedly infallible algorithms are wrong? The article aims to understand the consequences of algorithmic errors on the lives of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers arriving in the European Union. This contribution investigates the socio-political implications of deploying data-driven solutions at the borders in an attempt to problematize the techno-solutionist approach of EU migratory policies and its fundamental rights impact on affected individuals.
CHARACTERIZATION AND SELECTION OF MORTAR SAMPLES FOR RADIOCARBON DATING IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE MODIS2 INTERCOMPARISON: TWO COMPARED PROCEDURES
Authors: Artioli G , Barone S , Fedi M , Galli A , Liccioli L , Martini M , Marzaioli F , Maspero F , Panzeri L , Passariello I , Ricci G , Secco M , Terrasi F
Published: February 2024

For several decades, many efforts have been dedicated to enhancing the accuracy of mortar radiocarbon dating and evaluating the reliability of the results concerning the typology of the examined specimens. Several assumptions that are fundamental for the application of the method may be in many cases not fulfilled, such as (a) complete primary limestone dissociation during calcination, (b) efficient separation of geogenic carbon contained in calcareous aggregates, (c) short carbonation time, and (d) absence of secondary calcite. Many laboratories all over the world have proposed different methods to select suitable fractions of mortar.

The first intercomparison attempt, involving eight international laboratories, was organized in 2016 aiming at comparing and statistically treating the results obtained on the same materials by different laboratories with their own characterization and pre-treatment methods (Hajdas et al. 2017; Hayen et al. 2017). Following this first step, a new intercomparison experiment was proposed and set up in 2018 during the Mortar Dating International Meeting (Bordeaux, FR). A new set of three mortar samples was chosen, taking care of the selection of standardized materials (homogeneity, known mineralogical composition, absence of exogenous inclusions, known expected age).

This work describes the results of two research teams involved in the intercomparison. The samples were characterized, selected, and dated depending on each laboratory strategy. The results stress the importance of the characterization of the raw material is to better understand the mineralogical and petrographical composition of the samples. Such information can support the choice of the most appropriate strategy for the extraction of CO2 and then for data interpretation.
Quarantine, Diseased Geographies, and Cross-Cultural Encounters in the Eighteenth-Century Mediterranean
Authors: Inì Marina
Published: February 2024

The article examines the relationship between quarantine practices and Western European medical notions of the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth-century Mediterranean, as well as the crucial role of quarantine centres in facilitating trade and mobility between the East and the West. I argue that quarantine should be analysed to understand the complexity of the early modern Mediterranean as a shared context that saw both connections and clashes. The first part of the article focuses on Western European ideas concerning the geography of the Mediterranean, medical theories, and related quarantine practices. These theories often presented the ‘healthy’ ‘Christian West’ as opposed to the ‘infidel’ and ‘plagued’ Ottoman Empire. However, the article argues for a more nuanced understanding of the early modern Mediterranean, where both unity and diversity co-existed. Quarantine, despite its association with isolation and the reinforcement of borders, also enabled connections and circulation despite the fear of plague. This article explores quarantine centres as key components of the infrastructure of mobility, with a particular focus on religious diversity, tolerance, and multilingualism. The article also explores the perception of the institution through the eyes of Ottoman passengers, shedding light on their perspectives and attitudes toward quarantine.
Description and molecular characterization of Trachactinolaimus persicus sp. n. from Iran (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Actinolaimidae), with new insights into the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of the genus
Authors: Asgari M. , Mohammadlou M. , Eskandari A. , Abolafia J. , Peña-Santiago R.
Published: February 2024

A new species of the free-living nematode genus Trachactinolaimus, collected in natural habitats of northern Iran, is described, including morphological and molecular (28S-rDNA) data. Trachactinolaimus persicus sp. n. is characterized by its 1.95–2.44 mm long body, lip region weakly offset by depression and 18–20 μm wide, odontostyle 25–27 μm long, neck 540–636 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying one-half of the total neck length, bipartite uterus 2.6–3.9 body diameters long, vulva (V = 49–53) pore-like, tail long and filiform in both sexes (174–223 μm, c = 10.0–13.4, c’ = 5.9–7.0 in females, 165–196 μm, c = 10.7–13.8, c’ = 4.6–5.8 in males), spicules 68–75 μm long, and 12–14 almost contiguous ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Molecular data supports the monophyly of the genus and the hypothesis that Dorylaimidae are the sister group of actinolaims. The taxonomy of Trachactinolaimus is updated, including diagnosis, list of species, key to their identification, and a compendium of their main morphometrics. Dominiactinolaimus is regarded as its junior synonym.
Beckett’s Wasted Breath
Authors: Smith Matthew Wilson
Published: February 2024

Abject breath, running over with its own refuse and yet refusing to stop breathing, forms a gasping undertone to Beckett’s oeuvre. To give a sense of the longevity and development of Beckettian respiration, this article examines passages across the range of his career, paying attention to several prose works – the short story ‘Dante and the Lobster’ (1934) and the novels Murphy (1938) and Molloy (1951/55) – and two brief plays: Breath (1969) and Not I (1972). While there is no simple development of Beckett’s writing on the breath, an ambiguous movement can be traced from an initial rejection of a conception of the breath as immaculate and easeful to a deeper exploration of breath as polluted and broken, and to a final, insistent association of respiration with rubbish, and life with death. If there is hope to be found in the Beckettian breath, it lies not on the page but in the breath-carried conversations of the rehearsal room, exemplified above all by his collaboration with Billie Whitelaw on Not I.
The nature of nurture: Darwinian and mendelian perspectives
Authors: Belsky Jay
Published: February 2024

Two perspectives on the nature of nurture are reviewed, one Mendelian and the other Darwinian, in an effort to draw links between the two and, thereby, integrate them in a developmental modern synthesis, mirroring the one that took place in biology early in the last century. Thus, the heritability of environmental measures and gene-X-environment interaction are discussed with respect to Mendelian nature before turning attention to Darwinian nature and thus the development of reproductive strategies and differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Conclusions are drawn with respect to both frameworks indicating that it is time to abandon the biology-is-destiny resistance to both approaches to studying and thinking about development, especially when it comes to the nature of nurture. Implications for the future development of the field of developmental psychopathology are highlighted.
HES CONFERENCES: A LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Authors: Cardoso José Luís
Published: February 2024

Attending the annual HES conferences is a fantastic learning experience. In this personal testimony I try to explain the reasons for this enthusiasm, around three fundamental aspects: the innovations and changes in the historiographical field of the history of economics, the informal governance of a dynamic community, and the relevance of methodological pluralism as a guide for research development.
Involvement of Vietnamese elders in economic activities in the lens of family ties, low institutional coverage, and gender identity
Authors: Thi Tran Thi Minh
Published: February 2024

In Vietnam, for a long time, family is considered as being significant for economic, instrumental, social, emotional, and care support for older adults due to strong filial piety, high family values, low institutional coverage, and limited social services, given that the majority of older adults are living in family-based communities. Recently, due to increasing migration, nuclearization, and individualization in Vietnamese families, there is an increasing withdrawal of family caregivers from caregiving to their parents and there seems to be confusion and tension of roles and supports among family members. Meanwhile, Vietnam is observing changes in demographics and family structure, which is linked to an increase in the number of elders in need of care, drop in fertility rate, resulting in a shrinking supply of family caregivers. This article examines the economic dynamics of ageing with limited family ties by examining the formal care services and demographic changes in order to investigate raising social problems towards elder population. It also explores how older adults from varied living backgrounds in Vietnam restructure their lives in terms of acculturation, re-establishing kin networks, psychological well-being in contemporary Vietnam. It demonstrates how Vietnamese elders actively engage in unpaid work within family and community environments, such as housework and childcare, shaped by cultural norms of familialism and filial piety, with regional variations in the north emphasizing stronger familialism and economic motives, and the central coast showing more individualism and sentimental values.
The Andromeda Galaxy’s Last Major Merger: Constraints from the survey of Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Bhattacharya Souradeep , Arnaboldi Magda , Gerhard Ortwin , Caldwell Nelson , Kobayashi Chiaki , Hammer Francois , Yang Yanbin , Freeman Kenneth C. , Hartke Johanna , McConnachie Alan
Published: February 2024

The Andromeda galaxy (M 31) has experienced a tumultuous merger history as evidenced by the many substructures present in its inner halo. We use planetary nebulae (PNe) as chemodynamic tracers to shed light on the recent merger history of M 31. We identify the older dynamically hotter thicker disc in M 31 and a distinct younger dynamically colder thin disc. The two discs are also chemically distinct with the PN chemodynamics implying their formation in a ‘wet’ major merger (mass ratio ∼ 1:5) ∼ 2.5–4.5 Gyr ago. From comparison of PN line-of-sight velocities in the inner halo substructures with predictions of a major-merger model in M 31, we find that the same merger event that formed the M 31 thick and thin disc is also responsible for forming these substructures. We thereby obtain constraints on the recent formation history of M 31 and the properties of its cannibalized satellite.
JWST unveils a population of “red-excess” galaxies in Abell2744 and in the coeval field
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta ,   GLASS team
Published: February 2024

We combine JWST/NIRCam imaging and MUSE data to characterize the properties of galaxies in the cluster Abell2744 (z=0.3064) and in its immediate surroundings. We discover a “red-excess” population in F200W–F444W colors in both the cluster regions and the field. These galaxies have normal F115W-F150W colors and rather blue rest frame B–V colors, but are up to 0.8 mag redder than red sequence galaxies in F200W–F444W. Considering morphology, many cluster galaxies show signatures consistent with ram pressure stripping, while field galaxies have features resembling interactions and mergers. Our hypothesis is that these galaxies are characterized by dust enshrouded star formation: a JWST/NIRSpec spectrum for one of the galaxies is dominated by a strong PAH at 3.3 μm, suggestive of dust obscured star formation.
Stellar Mergers in Dense Stellar Systems and growth of supermassive black holes
Authors: Wang Long
Published: February 2024

The rapid formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshifts is still a puzzle. One hypothesis is that intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) serve as seeds for their formation, which could arise from hierarchical mergers in dense star clusters. There are two possible pathways for IMBH formation: 1) very massive stars may form in young star clusters, such as Pop3 clusters, and evolve into IMBHs within a few million years; 2) multiple stellar-mass black holes can merge into IMBHs in dense nuclear star clusters. Detailed insights into these scenarios can be obtained through high-resolution star-by-star simulations of dense star clusters. Furthermore, upcoming observations of faint quasars, nuclear star clusters, and Pop3 stars with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer valuable data to constrain theoretical models and deepen our understanding of the rapid formation of SMBHs.
GECKOS: Turning galaxy evolution on its side with deep observations of edge-on galaxies
Authors: van de Sande J. , Fraser-McKelvie A. , Fisher D. B. , Martig M. , Hayden M. R. ,   the GECKOS Survey collaboration
Published: February 2024

We present GECKOS (Generalising Edge-on galaxies and their Chemical bimodalities, Kinematics, and Outflows out to Solar environments), a new ESO VLT/MUSE large program. The main aim of GECKOS is to reveal the variation in key physical processes of disk formation by connecting Galactic Archaeology with integral field spectroscopic observations of nearby galaxies. Edge-on galaxies are ideal for this task: they allow us to disentangle the assembly history imprinted in thick disks and provide the greatest insights into outflows. The GECKOS sample of 35 nearby edge-on disk galaxies is designed to trace the assembly histories and properties of galaxies across a large range of star formation rates, bulge-to-total ratios, and boxy and non-boxy bulges. GECKOS will deliver spatially resolved measurements of stellar abundances, ages, and kinematics, as well as ionised gas metallicities, ionisation param- eters, pressure, and inflow and outflow kinematics; all key parameters for building a complete chemodynamical picture of disk galaxies. With these data, we aim to extend Galactic analysis methods to the wider galaxy population, reaping the benefits of detailed Milky Way studies, while probing the diverse mechanisms of galaxy evolution.
What the JWST can tell us about the Origin of Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters
Authors: Marino Anna F.
Published: February 2024

I present the first results of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters from James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) data. We obtained combined NIRSpec and NIRCam data of the GC 47 Tucanae to investigate the properties of the different stellar populations in the low-mass regime, down to ∼0.5 M⊙. Our analysis of both the photometric data and the spectra suggests that the multiple stellar populations among M dwarfs share similar properties of those extensively studied on bright red giant branch stars. The comparison between stellar populations’ properties at different stellar mass, e.g. at the red giants and M dwarfs’ phases, can potentially provide strong constraints to the formation scenarios of the still eluding phenomenon of the multiple populations in star clusters.
Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters with JWST
Authors: Milone A. P.
Published: February 2024

I present the first evidence of multiple populations in the globular cluster (GCs) 47 Tucanae based on images collected with the near-infrared camera (NIRCam) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). While NIRCam photometry is poorly sensitive to multiple populations among stars brighter than the main-sequence (MS) knee, the M-dwarfs more-massive than ∼0.1 define a wide color range due to multiple populations. The star-to-star color differences are mostly due to the different amounts of water vapor (hence oxygen) that affect the spectra of M-dwarfs. The chromosome map unveils an extended first population (1P) composed of M-dwarfs with different metallicities and three main groups of second-population (2P) stars that are depleted in oxygen with respect to the 1P. I present the discovery of an MS of very-low-mass stars and tentatively associated it with a sequence composed of O-rich stars alone.
Using Metal-Poor Stars in the Inner Galaxy to Uncover the Ancient Milky Way
Authors: Lucey Madeline
Published: February 2024

The chemo-dynamics of the stellar populations in the Galactic Bulge inform and constrain the Milky Way’s formation and evolution. The metal-poor population is particularly important in light of cosmological simulations, which predict that some of the oldest stars in the Galaxy now reside in its center. The metal-poor bulge appears to consist of multiple stellar populations that require chemo-dynamical analyses to disentangle. In this paper, I describe the detailed chemo-dynamical study of the metal-poor stars in the inner Galaxy, named The COMBS Survey which uses VLT/FLAMES spectra of 350 metal-poor stars. I discuss the results and the implications for early Milky Way formation and chemical evolution. In addition, I preview results from an ongoing survey of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars, which are thought to be solely enriched by the first generation of stars.
New Dimensions of Galactic Chemical Evolution
Authors: Weinberg David H.
Published: February 2024

Dramatic recent progress in understanding galactic chemical evolution (GCE) has been driven partly by direct observations of the distant past with HST and JWST and partly by archeaological interpretation of stellar abundances from giant high-resolution spectroscopic surveys (APOGEE, GALAH) and the complementary power of Gaia astrometry and photometry. Focusing on archaeology, I give a rapid-fire, and I hope synthesizing, review of work my collaborators and I have done on theoretical modeling and observational interpretation. I discuss (1) the interleaved but distinguishable roles of stellar scale astrophysics and galactic scale astrophysics in governing GCE, (2) the use of abundance ratio trends to empirically infer nucleosynthetic yields, (3) the uncertainty in the overall scale of yields and its degeneracy with the importance of galactic outflows, (4) the emergence of equilibrium in GCE, (5) the dimensionality of the stellar distribution in chemical abundance space, and (6) insights from chemical abundances on the early history of the Milky Way, including measurements of the intrinsic scatter of abundance ratios in metal-poor stars (-2≤[Fe/H] ≤-1) suggesting that a typical halo star at this metallicity is enriched by the products of N∼50 supernovae mixed over ∼105M⊚ of star-forming gas.
Chemically characterising the Milky Way’s stellar halo
Authors: Horta Danny , Schiavon Ricardo P. ,   APOGEE team
Published: February 2024

Galactic haloes in a Λ-CDM universe are predicted to host today a swarm of debris resulting from cannibalised dwarf galaxies. The chemo-dynamical information recorded in their stellar populations helps elucidate their nature, constraining the assembly history of the Galaxy. Using data from APOGEE and Gaia, we examine the chemical properties of various halo substructures, considering elements that sample various nucleosynthetic pathways. The systems studied are Heracles, Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage (GES), the Helmi stream, Sequoia, Thamnos, Aleph, LMS1, Arjuna, I’itoi, Nyx, Icarus, and Pontus. Abundance patterns of all substructures are cross-compared in a statistically robust fashion. Our results show that many halo substructures conjectured to be debris from individual accretions likely belong to either the omnipresent GES or to in situ populations, and that the Milky Way likely underwent three major mergers so far: Heracles, GES, Sagittarius dSph.
The Galactic Extinction Horizon with Present and Future Surveys
Authors: Minniti Dante
Published: February 2024

We have made a lot of progress in the study of the MW. In spite of this, much of our Galaxy remains unknown, and amazing breakthroughs await to be made in the exploration of the far side of the Galaxy. Focussing on the Galactic extinction horizon problem with current surveys like the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea Survey (VVV) and its extension VVVX, the extinction horizon is a fundamental difficulty, and it is my intention here to reveal how profound is our ignorance, and also to try to suggest ways for improvement with future near-IR Galactic surveys.
A Geostratigraphic Map of the Rachmaninoff Basin Area: Integrating Morphostratigraphic and Spectral Units on Mercury
Authors: Wright Jack , Zambon Francesca , Carli Cristian , Altieri Francesca , Pöhler Claudia M. , Rothery David A. , van der Bogert Carolyn H. , Rossi Angelo Pio , Massironi Matteo , Balme Matthew R. , Conway Susan J.
Published: February 2024

Geological maps of Earth typically incorporate field observations of rock lithology, structure, composition, and more. In contrast, conventional planetary geological maps are often made using primarily qualitative morphostratigraphic remote sensing observations of planetary surfaces. However, it is possible to define independent quantitative spectral units (SUs) of planetary surfaces, which potentially contain information about surface composition, grain size, and space weathering exposure. Here, we demonstrate a generic method to combine independently derived geomorphic and SUs, using the Rachmaninoff basin, Mercury, as an example to create a new geostratigraphic map. From this geostratigraphic map, we can infer some compositional differences within geomorphic units, which clarifies and elaborates on the geological evolution of the region.
Frequency Chirping of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: An Zeyu , Tao Xin , Zonca Fulvio , Chen Liu
Published: February 2024

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are known to exhibit frequency chirping occasionally, contributing to the rapid acceleration and precipitation of energetic particles in the magnetosphere. However, the chirping mechanism of EMIC waves remains elusive. In this work, a phenomenological model of whistler mode chorus waves named the Trap‐Release‐Amplify (TaRA) model is applied to EMIC waves. Based on the proposed model, we explain how the chirping of EMIC waves occurs, and give predictions on their frequency chirping rates. For the first time, we relate the frequency chirping rate of EMIC waves to both the wave amplitude and the background magnetic field inhomogeneity. Direct observational evidence is provided to validate the model using previously published events of chirping EMIC waves. Our results not only provide a new model for EMIC wave frequency chirping, but more importantly, they indicate the potential wide applicability of the underlying principles of TaRA model.
Impact of Time Scales on North Pacific Surface Turbulent Heat Fluxes Driven by ENSO
Authors: Wei Ho‐Hsuan , Alexander Michael , Newman Matthew
Published: February 2024

ENSO's atmospheric teleconnections drive anomalous North Pacific sea surface temperatures through changes in surface heat fluxes (“the atmospheric bridge”). Previous research focusing on the bridge as a seasonal phenomenon did not consider how ENSO‐related changes in synoptic variability might also impact surface turbulent heat fluxes (STHF). In this study, we find that while well over half of ENSO's impact on STHF occurs on low‐frequency (>8 days) time scales, up to 20% of its impact arises on high‐frequency (<8 days) time scales, through changes in the covariance between surface wind speed and air‐sea enthalpy difference that typically warms the ocean south of the storm track. During El Niño, the North Pacific storm track and its attendant sea surface warming shift southward, reducing warming of the central North Pacific ocean and thereby enhancing the bridge signal there. Additionally, changes in the bulk formula coefficients between ENSO phases drive STHF differences (5%–10%).