bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lambda-cyhalothrin on the Gill Phospholipid (PL) Subclass of Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: YOLCU Murat , SATAR Elif İpek
Published: December 2023

Fatty acids have a crucial role in providing energy and performing essential functions in living organisms. Moreover, these substances exhibit the most significant alterations in their structure based on ecotoxicological parameters when viewed from a biochemical perspective. These bioactive chemicals are present in the cellular architecture. The study of these fatty acids, crucial for maintaining the integrity and permeability of cell membranes, holds great significance for all living organisms. Consequently, doing fatty acid analysis specifically at the phospholipid level holds significant importance.

The impact of lambda cyhalothrin on the fatty acid content of several phospholipid subclasses (phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) in the gill tissue of O. niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) was assessed using gas chromatography. The alterations in the fatty acid composition was analyzed 21 days after exposure.

Following the complete extraction of lipids from gill tissue, the tissue was subsequently separated into different subclasses of phospholipids using thin layer chromatography. The samples were subjected to methylation and then evaluated using Gas Chromatography to determine the percentage of the fatty acid. After doing the analysis, a grand total of 16 fatty acids were identified. The research revealed that the primary fatty acids were 16:0 and 18:0 of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated 18:1n-9, and polyunsaturated 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and 22:6n-6. Upon analyzing the distribution of fatty acids, it was observed that PC, PE, and PI included 16:0, PE contained 18:1, PE and PS contained C18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6, and significant alterations in C22:6n-3 were detected in PE. Our investigation revealed that the n-3/n-6 ratio of fish in the PE subclass was the lowest when compared to PC, PI, and PS.
Contributions to the spider (Araneae) fauna of Türkiye
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Gökhan , KAYA Rahşen Saltanat
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the results of a preliminary survey of the spiders of Marmara region and provides new data on the spider fauna of Türkiye. During the study, spider samples were collected by hand aspirator and pitfall traps. As a result, Heliophanus apiatus Simon, 1868 (Salticidae) is recorded for the first time from Türkiye. Also, occurrence of Amaurobius pallidus L. Koch, 1868 (Amaurobiidae) is confirmed with this study. Additionally, the record of H. apiatus from Marmara region represents the easternmost point of its distribution range. A morphological diagnosis, comparative pictures, and illustrations are provided for both species.
Kualitas Fisik Snack Bar Pakan Ternak Ruminansia Berbasis Limbah Tanaman Jagung dengan Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda
Authors: Irmayanti Irmayanti , Gading Besse Mahbuba We Tenri , Mahanani Agni Ayudha
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi kualitas fisik snack bar pakan ternak dengan lama penyimpanan yang berbeda. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yaitu lama penyimpanan snack bar 0, 2, 4, 6 dan 8 minggu. Variabel yang diamati yaitu kerapatan partikel, daya serap air, dan organoleptik snack bar yang meliputi aroma, tekstur, warna, dan keberadaan jamur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pakan snack bar dengan lama penyimpanan yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap variabel daya serap air, warna, dan aroma snack bar dan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap variabel kerapatan partikel, tekstur, dan keberadaan jamur snack bar. Lama penyimpanan sampai 4 minggu memiliki kerapatan partikel yang lebih tinggi, warna coklat, tekstur yang padat dan tidak menunjukkan adanya keberadaan jamur dan lama penyimpanan 2 minggu memiliki daya serap air yang terendah dan aroma khas harum limbah tanam jagung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pakan Snack bar dengan lama penyimpanan hingga 4 minggu menunjukkan kualitas fisik yang terbaik meliputi kerapatan partikel, daya serap air, tekstur, warna, aroma, dan keberadaan jamur.
Peran Citra Afektif dan Kepercayaan Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Antara EWOM dan Keputusan Berkunjung Kembali
Authors: Yerizal  , Bismark Irma Auliyah
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh electronic word of mouth (EWOM) terhadap keputusan berkunjung kembali, citra afektif, dan kepercayaan sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei terhadap wisatawan yang telah berkunjung ke destinasi wisata setidaknya dua kali dalam setahun terakhir atau pasca Covid 19. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 260 responden yang disebar menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan SEM PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EWOM memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan berkunjung kembali ke destinasi wisata di Kabupaten Solok Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Selain itu, EWOM juga memiliki efek positif dan signifikan yang dimediasi oleh citra afektif dan kepercayaan terhadap keputusan berkunjung kembali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan agar pemerintah daerah memberikan prioritas lebih pada destinasi wisata di Kabupaten Solok Selatan, dengan tujuan meningkatkan frekuensi EWOM positif di media sosial dan meningkatkan citra afektif terhadap destinasi wisata. Dan pada gilirannya dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan wisatawan untuk kembali mengunjungi destinasi wisata di Kabupaten Solok Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Barat.
Faktor Penggunaan E-Commerce dalam Meningkatan Kinerja Usaha Travel di Kabupaten Pangkep
Authors: Tenriyola Andi Putri , Nurwafiyyah Auliyah , Mas'ud Anis Anshari
Published: December 2023

The travel industry has experienced rapid development due to the utilization of e-commerce, and marketing technologies such as e-commerce serve as tools in managing business resources. Therefore, this research aims to examine the factors influencing the use of e-commerce in enhancing the performance of travel businesses. This study adopts an explanatory research approach, intending to elucidate the relationships between various variables through hypothesis testing. The unit of analysis in this research is businesses in the Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, specifically those engaged in travel ticketing services. The research findings reveal three main factors affecting the use of e-commerce for business performance improvement: integrated information systems, networking, and technological innovation. Additionally, this study is supported by the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) theory to assess companies' decisions in adopting new technologies such as e-commerce. The research findings contribute to enhancing the understanding of travel industry practitioners in utilizing e-commerce technology
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Ratio Aktivitas Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba
Authors: Annisa Qori , Wulandari Ika
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio profitabilitas, leverage dan rasio aktivitas terhadap pertumbuhan laba. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI periode tahun 2019-2022. Laporan keuangan tahunan pada perusahaan perbankan digunakan sebagai data pada penelitian ini. Metode analisis yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda, yang kemudian diolah dengan Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). Hasil dari kajian ini yaitu rasio profitabilitas yang diukur dengan menggunakan perhitungan ROE berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dikarenakan variabel ROE memiliki tingkat signifikansi sejumlah 0,19 lebih rendah dari 0,05 dan koefisien regresi adalah 30,954, rasio leverage yang diukur menggunakan perhitungan DER memiliki tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,33 yang kurang dari 0,05 dan koefisien regresi sebesar -1,436 sehingga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan laba dan rasio aktivitas yang diukur menggunakan perhitungan TATO memiliki nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,46 yang kurang dari 0,05 dan koefisien regresi sebesar -59,089 sehingga berpengaruh terhadap laba
Transcendental-Anthropological Groundings of Creative Thinking in I. Kant Metaphysics
Authors: Pronyakin Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

Author thinks that Kant's critique of metaphysics is motivated by creative need in execution of the possibility of a holistic world-view. By directing thought to the sphere of theoretically appropriate, Kant gives metaphysics anthropological sense which strengthens his motivation. Anthropologist metaphysics gives motivation to creativity of philosophical thinking by opening volition to connect ontological and axiological in philosophical subject: it gives completeness to worldview. But scientific conscience has not overcome non-critical fantasies that scientific intellect can cognize the last truths about the world without any intensional implicatures of anthropological origin yet. Anthropological method of critical thinking makes scientific intellect holistic and reflexive without censoring religious nature of humankind.
On Question of Concept of Power in T. Hobbes Political Philosophy
Authors: Dymerets Rostyslav
Published: December 2023

The author affirms, that the essence of Thomas Gobbes philosophy lies in transformation law of nature into political power. Due to human equal rights, every particular human is weaker then the others. Hence for self-preservation of particular humans natural law has to be transformed into two distinct forms of power: into an absolute power of sovereign and into freedom of subjects, that from now on considers as an ability to obey to sovereign. If humans give to the sovereign power that is inverted to their ability of being humans, then sovereign has to be face of humans` ability to use their freedom, hence use humans as humans have to be used. Freedom to be a human is held by a human until she wants to be considered as human.
Ethnic Self-Identification: Modern Legacy among Postmodern Realities
Authors: Syrinsky Roman
Published: December 2023

«Ethnical renaissanse» has demonstrated ethnicity is one of the most important attributes of the individuum. However, unclear position of ethnical identity in individuum life and active usage of this concept contributes to every ethnical conflict leads to political conflict. It makes the basis for research which role identity plays in human`s life. The author explores beginnings of concepts of nation and ethnicity and considers comunitarians` and liberals` attitude towards them. Paradoxes of nation and ethnicity concepts and need of self-identity lead to the concept of «cultural identity». The author concludes that both liberals either comunitarians have to settle for thesis of fundamental value of cultural identity for a human.
Common System Numbering Coordination Tables Of Pascal`s Pensées Fragments
Authors: Khoma Oleg
Published: December 2023

The text fragments that make up Blaise Pascal's “Penséesˮ are traditionally published in different sequences, according to the difference in the conceptual positions of the editors. So, the problem of correlating different editions is very difficult. Translations of “Penséesˮ reflecting several numbering systems are currently available to Ukrainian readers. The author offers two comparative tables for these numberings. In Table 1, the numberings of Louis Lafuma, Jacques Chevalier and Michel Le Guerne are expressed through the numbering of Leon Brunschvicg, which is currently the most common in Ukraine. In Table 2, Brunschvicg's numbering is correlated with the First Copy of the manuscript, the Port-Royal edition of 1670, as well as editions by Bossuet, Lafuma, Chevalier, Le Guerne, Tournier-Anzieu, and Dolgov.
Культурна співпраця України та Польщі в рамках підготовки та проведення «Євро 2012»
Authors: Пачос Юлія
Published: December 2023

The article examines some examples of cultural cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the framework of preparation and holding of the European Football Championship "Euro 2012". Joint cultural events that contributed to the popularization of cultural heritage of both countries on the eve of and during Euro 2012.
Соціум Гетьманщини 18 століття у світлі новітніх вітчизняних досліджень
Authors: Дмитренко Віталій
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze the monographic publications of domestic scientists devoted to the study of the society of the Hetmanate of the 18th century. The main directions of the development of this topic are highlighted, the methodology is clarified, and further prospects for the study of the topic are outlined. Research methodology. The monographic publications subject to analysis were published after 2010, which ensured novelty and made it possible to trace the latest trends and research directions of Ukrainian early modern society. When studying them, the main attention was focused on the topic, the structure of research and the search methods used in it. The reviewed editions were divided into groups depending on the subject covered in them. A comparison of the concepts of functioning of early modern society proposed by domestic authors with those that function in Western historiography is carried out. Scientific novelty. It has been established that the main areas of study of the Hetman region's society are: social phenomena and processes among the urban and rural population, analysis of age, professional, status groups, peculiarities of the functioning of social institutions, and the specifics of the perception of certain phenomena by the contemporary society. An overview of the methods used in the works makes it possible to state that a significant number of scientists approach the study of society from a historical-demographic perspective, widely using quantitative methods to demonstrate the situation that has developed in society and show the main trends of its development. At the same time, under the influence of the Western trend of "cultural history of the social", considerable attention is paid in the reviewed studies to the mutual influence of social and cultural factors. Conclusions. It is noted that the society of the Hetmanate of the 18th century needs further study. In particular, certain social groups remain poorly researched from the point of view of historical demography. This makes it difficult to write comprehensive works on the social history of the Hetmanate. Noting the importance of works on the study of childhood or death in early modern Ukraine, we note that many age, gender, physiological, and cultural phenomena of social life remain unexplored.
Helicobacter pylori y enfermedades alérgicas en niños: un estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Naveda Omar , Pérez Henry , Meléndez Daniela , Mendoza Victoria
Published: December 2023

Introducción: En las dos últimas décadas, se ha explorado el rol de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en la génesis de las enfermedades alérgicas, obteniéndose datos que apoyan la idea de que podría jugar un papel importante en el desarrollo de la alergia.

Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre Helicobacter pylori y enfermedades alérgicas.

Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles prospectivo realizado en la Clínica “Santa Cruz” (Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela), entre junio 2022 y junio 2023, donde se compararon 65 niños con enfermedades alérgicas con 130 controles sanos, con edades entre 2 y 15 años, que acudieron a consulta ambulatoria de rutina. Fueron comparadas variables demográficas, parto por cesárea, antecedentes familiares de alergias, tiempo de lactancia materna, exposición al humo de tabaco, mascotas, obesidad, porcentaje de eosinófilos y test de Helicobacter pylori positivo en heces con la presencia de enfermedades alérgicas como variable dependiente. Se utilizó: análisis bivariable y regresión logística binaria.

Resultados: Los factores asociados significativamente a enfermedades alérgicas fueron: antecedentes familiares de alergia, tiempo de lactancia materna menor a 12 meses, y test de Helicobacter pylori positivo en heces. Fueron identificados como predictores independientes asociados a enfermedades alérgicas: antecedentes familiares de alergia (RO=2,345; IC95%: 1,245 – 4,416; p = 0,008) y test de Helicobacter pylori positivo en heces (RO=2,072; IC95%: 1,090 – 3,939; p = 0,026).

Conclusión: La presencia de antecedentes familiares de alergia y test de Helicobacter pylori positivo en heces fueron identificados como variables independientes asociadas a enfermedades alérgicas.
Dientes natales en neonatos prematuros productos de gestación gemelar. Reporte de caso
Authors: Torres Salinas Carlos , Sierra Córdova Paúl
Published: December 2023

Se presenta el caso de 02 recién nacidas gemelares, pre-términos tardíos, producto de gestación monocoriónica – biamniótica con presencia de dientes natales, los cuáles requirieron evaluación odontológica para definir la mejor conducta a seguir y con ello evitar riesgos o desenlaces fatales como la aspiración hacia bronquios. La evaluación evidenció escasa movilidad de piezas dentarias en ambos casos, por lo que se recomendó mantener los dientes; del mismo modo, se dio consejería a los padres sobre la higiene y cuidado de la salud bucal de sus hijas con control ambulatorio a los 3 meses.
Biosorption of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) using the Waste of Extraction Process of Microalgae: The Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetic Study
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Enass S. M. , Al-Mashhadani Mahmood K. H. , Al-Maari Mohammed Abobakr
Published: December 2023

Scientists are investigating the efficacy of different biosorbents for promoting economic and environmental viability in purifying contaminants. Among the primary by-products of biodiesel production is waste microalgae biomass, which has the potential to be used as a cheap biosorbent for the treatment of pollution. In the present study, the biomass left over after extracting the chlorella vulgaris was used to test the potential biosorption of CIP from simulated aqueous solutions. Bisorbent's ability was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Analysis with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer revealed that CIP biosorption occurred mainly at biomass sites containing carboxyl and amino groups. The equilibrium isotherm data and biosorption kinetics were addressed in the present study. The biosorption data match the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximal biosorption capacity was determined to be 7.56 mg/g. While The pseudo-second-order model accurately described the biosorption kinetic data. Biosorbent regeneration was also studied using two different sodium hydroxide concentrations, the results showing that after desorption, the biosorption capacity decreased from 5.2 to 3.74 and 1.77 (mg/g) using 0.1NaOH and 0.5NaOH, respectively.
An Experimental Study to Demonstrate the Effect of Alumina Nanoparticles and Synthetic Fibers on Oil Well Cement Class G
Authors: Saadoon Ayoob M. , Al-Haleem Ayad A. , Al-Yasri Ahmed
Published: December 2023

In the drilling and production operations, the effectiveness of cementing jobs is crucial for efficient progress. The compressive strength of oil well cement is a key characteristic that reflects its ability to withstand forceful conditions over time. This study evaluates and improves the compressive strength and thickening time of Iraqi oil well cement class G from Babylon cement factory using two types of additives (Nano Alumina and Synthetic Fiber) to comply with the American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications. The additives were used in different proportions, and a set of samples was prepared under different conditions. Compressive strength and thickening time measurements were taken under different conditions. The amounts of Nano Alumina (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight of cement (BWOC)) were selected with synthetic fiber (0.5 g, 1 g, and 1.5 g, respectively). The results show a significant improvement in compressive strength, with all values meeting the API requirements, and a decrease in the thickening time of Iraqi oil well cement, depending on the proportions of additives. The most significant improvement in compressive strength was achieved in the sample containing 1.5% Nano Alumina by weight of cement (BWOC) and 1.5 g Synthetic Fiber (Barolift), where the compressive strength increased by 40.7% and 33.8% at a temperature of 38 °C and 60 °C, respectively, while the thickening time decreased by 26.53% at this ratio of additives. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using these additives to enhance the performance of Iraqi oil well cement, expanding its potential application in Iraqi oil fields.
Ibuprofen Degradation from Synthetic Wastewater Using Photo-Fenton Process
Authors: Abdulrazaq Haneen Ali , Alwared Abeer I. , Onyeaka Helen
Published: December 2023

The removal of Ibuprofen antibiotics (IBU) by photo-degradation UV/H2O2/Fe+2 system was investigated in a batch reactor under different initial concentrations of H2O2 (100-500) mg/L, Fe+2 (10-40) mg/L, pH (3-9) and initial concentrations of IBU (10-80) mg/L, and their relationship with the degradation efficiency were studied. The result demonstrated that the maximum elimination of IBU was 85.54% achieved at 300 mg/L of H2O2, 30 mg/L of Fe+2, pH=3, and irradiation time of 150 min, for 10 mg/L of IBU. The results have shown that the oxidation reagent H2O2 plays a very important role in IBU degradation.
Calibrating the Reservoir Model of the Garraf Oil Field
Authors: Abdulredha Sarah Kamil , Al-jwad Mohammed Saleh
Published: December 2023

History matching is a significant stage in reservoir modeling for evaluating past reservoir performance and predicting future behavior. This paper is primarily focused on the calibration of the dynamic reservoir model for the Meshrif formation, which is the main reservoir in the Garraf oilfield. A full-field reservoir model with 110 producing wells is constructed using a comprehensive dataset that includes geological, pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), and rock property information. The resulting 3D geologic model provides detailed information on water saturation, permeability, porosity, and net thickness to gross thickness for each grid cell, and forms the basis for constructing the dynamic reservoir model. The dynamic reservoir model integrates a variety of inputs, including well position and trajectory, well completion data, initial reservoir condition, and daily production/injection rates. The validation process involves comparing the original oil reserve derived from the geological model with the one obtained from the dynamic reservoir model. To achieve an accurate history matching, the calibration process has been performed by aligning observed data with simulation results. This involves focusing on production/injection data for each well and pressure measurements for selected wells. Notably, horizontal permeability is identified as a critical parameter in this study, which is adjusted iteratively to achieve a robust match for individual wells and the entire field. Thus, Successful calibration facilitates the subsequent stage and future scenarios allowing for the exploration of different conditions to predict the performance of the Garraf oilfield. This comprehensive approach improves the reliability of reservoir predictions, facilitating well-informed decision-making in reservoir management.
Interpretation of Mud Losses in Carbonates Based on Cuttings Description, Well-Logging, Seismic and Coherency Data
Authors: Bashara Zainab R. , A. Hadi Farqad , Kasing Martin
Published: December 2023

Hartha Formation is an overburdened horizon in the X-oilfield which generates a lot of Non-Productive Time (NPT) associated with drilling mud losses. This study has been conducted to investigate the loss events in this formation as well as to provide geological interpretations based on datasets from nine wells in this field of interest. The interpretation was based on different analyses including wireline logs, cuttings descriptions, image logs, and analog data. Seismic and coherency data were also used to formulate the geological interpretations and calibrate that with the loss events of the Hartha Fm.
   The results revealed that the upper part of the Hartha Fm. was identified as an interval capable of creating potential mud losses, resulting in high NPT. This is due to its diagenetic features such as succrosic dolomites and vuggy zones that could act as thief zones. Seismic potential was used for the prediction of the geological related non-productive drilling time in the Hartha interval. The seismic data quality in this interval was good, with geological observations already made. Detailed interpretation and analysis of the Hartha interval were performed and integrated with the existing seismic interpretation, rock properties, and NPT database to calibrate wells with the loss events to the seismic observations.
CFD Simulation of Methanol Dehydration Step through an Adiabatic Fixed-bed Reactor of DME Synthesis
Authors: Mofidian Roozbeh , Jahanshahi Mojtaba , Hosseini Seyed Sharafoddin , Miansari Mehdi
Published: December 2023

Today, dimethyl ether (DME) is changing to ordinarily worn as a superb aerosol propellant and refrigerant for its eco-friendly characteristics. Lately, with the development of novel chemical energy in the coal industries, it has become a fascinating field of research as an alternative green fuel for diesel machines due to the high cetane number. The DME synthesis processes include catalytic dehydrating methanol in an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor. In this study, to investigate the chemical conditions of the methanol dehydration reaction, CFD simulations of the adiabatic reactor have been assessed. The advantage of the work is a sensitivity analysis was run to find the effect of pressure, kinetics, and velocity on the reactor performance. The results showed that using a γ-Al2O3 catalyst with selective mechanical properties and unique surface properties is a convenient choice for DME synthesis. The CFD simulation results also show that the laboratory data such as pressure, energy, and velocity in the adiabatic reactor meet the reaction requirements well, and deliberated a major vision of what happened in the reactor. Also, the graphs of the temperature profile with changes in physical properties pomp that methanol dehydration reaction strongly depends on environmental factors and gives different results under the influence of other conditions.
Evaluating Filtration and Thermal Stability of Water-Based Mud Using Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Al-Ogaili Fatimah H. A. , Almahdawi Faleh H. M. , Ali Jagar A.
Published: December 2023

Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique capabilities that make them an eye-opener opportunity for the upstream oil industry. Their nano-size allows them to flow within reservoir rocks without the fear of retention between micro-sized pores. Incorporating NPs with drilling and completion fluids has proved to be an effective additive that improves various properties such as mud rheology, filtration, thermal conductivity, and wellbore stability. However, the biodegradability of drilling fluid chemicals is becoming a global issue as the discharged wetted cuttings raise toxicity concerns and environmental hazards. Therefore, it is urged to utilize chemicals that tend to break down and susceptible to biodegradation. This research presents the practical application of bio-based Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared chemically from celery leaf plant extract as green additive in water-based mud drilling fluid (WBM). The study aimed to evaluate the filtration and thermal stability of WBM using green-synthesized ZnO NPs. The results showed that the ZnO NPs have minimal effect of mud density, but significant improvement in mud thermal stability and filtration properties were attained with concentrations lower than 1g. The fluid loss rate was reduced by 33% with 0.45g of ZnO nanoparticles, and the thinnest mud cake was obtained as well. In terms of thermal stability, the bio-based ZnO NPs greatly enhanced the rheological properties of WBM at elevated temperatures. The rate of increment in plastic viscosity (PV) or decrement in yield point (YP) and gel strength occurred in a controllable manner compared to the rheological properties of base mud at high temperatures reaching 90°C. This study provides insight into the effect of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on the performance of water-based mud and highlights their potential as an effective and environmentally friendly additive for the oil and gas industry.
Judicial Activism within the Restraints of India's Constitution & its Strictures
Authors: Baloch Farhaj Sikandar Yar Khan , Khan Muhammad Siraj , Farid Naghma
Published: December 2023

The interpretation of the Indian Constitution by the Supreme Court has established legal precedents in various sectors, such as education, environmental protection, property rights, and access to safe drinking water. The Supreme Court's decisions now hold the ultimate authority, even over parliamentary amendments. The judiciary's involvement in administrative and legislative matters has been fueled by weaknesses in the political structure. Although the judiciary was weakened during the 1970s emergency, it has regained strength in recent decades. Judicial power has been able to fill the void created by unconstitutional dismissals. The authority of Indian courts has expanded through judicial review, the interpretation of fundamental rights, addressing environmental issues, constitutional modifications, and judicial appointments. This study explores the boundaries of judicial activism within the framework of the Indian Constitution.
CJS: Pre-Conviction Detention and Question of Double Jeopardy. A Critical Study of the Legal Status of the Death Penalty in Pakistan
Authors: Laghari Ali Raza , Khan Adnan
Published: December 2023

The individual right to personal security in any State should include those guarantees which enable a person to live his daily life and plan his future without the threat of arrest and imprisonment or the fear of severe and unjust punishment. Due to various reasons, the People of Pakistan do not trust the Criminal Justice System of Pakistan. In the criminal cases covering the death penalty accused persons are kept in prisons for years and on completion of trial they are convicted for capital punishment which is also executed. This article discusses whether the death punishment awarded and executed to a person after keeping him for many years in custody amounts to double jeopardy.
Legal Impact of Distribution of Dividend Policy on Share Price in Pakistan
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Ali Shaista Azmat , Chiragh Sehrish
Published: December 2023

This empirical study examines the controversial relationship between dividend policy and stock prices on the Pakistan Stock Exchange while considering legal implications. Sample data for 18 listed commercial banks (2012-2019) were collected from financial sources. Panel data analysis and several regression models (random effects, fixed effects, and Hausman test) were used. The study shows that cash dividends and dividend yields have a large impact on stock prices, while variables such as earnings per share, retention rates, and after-tax earnings do not. This result contributes to our understanding of the Pakistan stock market and is relevant to emerging and developing markets. However, there are limitations such as high market prices, dividend volatility, and occasional non-payments leading to the issuance of bonus shares by commercial banks.
The Credibility and Admissibility of the Evidence of Accomplice in the Legal System of Pakistan
Authors: Baig Mirza Shahid Rizwan
Published: December 2023

The concept of an accomplice is an important concept in the QSO 1984. Courts decide the legal propositions on the basis of evidence, sometimes offences are committed in which no evidence is available to punish the wrongdoers. In such cases, there is a strong probability that the offenders can escape punishment due to the non-availability of evidence to punish the wrongdoers. In order to decide the cases of blind murders and other offences of the like nature and to punish the culprits the Prosecutor on behalf of the Government enter into a contract with some of the guilty associates to become an accomplice and to give evidence against the rest of the guilty associates. There is a hot debate among legal circles about the credibility and admissibility of the evidence of an accomplice. This article is an effort to explore the legal aspects of this topic from various angles.
Beyond Conventional War: Cyber Attacks and the Interpretation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter
Authors: Usman Hazrat , Mir Showkat Ahmad , Rehman Attiq-Ur-
Published: December 2023

In this study, we delve into the connection between cyber-attacks and Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, which forbids the use of force. We investigate warfare's historical backdrop, the shift from traditional to nontraditional tactics, and cyber warfare's emergence. We classify various cyber-attack forms and showcase pivotal case studies that underscore their effects on national and global security. The paper delves into a comprehensive analysis of the UN Charter, particularly Article 2(4), discussing its intent, history, and interpretation. Our research tackles difficulties in applying Article 2(4) to nontraditional warfare like cyber-attacks. We scrutinize legal viewpoints and academic arguments regarding whether such attacks fall under force as per Article 2(4) while contemplating the potential consequences of interpreting it so. We explore how these findings may influence prospective cyber conflicts while offering suggestions for managing hurdles presented by such situations within international law's framework. This study deepens our comprehension of the interplay between cyber-attacks and the UN Charter's Article 2(4), enriching policy debates and promoting continued examination in this rapidly evolving domain.
Patent Protection of Digital Technologies for Food Safety Supervision
Authors: Tian-zhi Li , Khan Ilyas , Bashir Sobia
Published: December 2023

Digital technology innovations provide important technical support for strengthening and optimizing food safety supervision, which requires the patent system to provide appropriate protection and incentives. The utilization of cutting-edge technologies, namely big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI), presents many complexities when ascertaining eligibility for patent protection, evaluating inventiveness and carrying out patent examinations. In light of the matter at hand, it is imperative to enhance the criteria for scrutinizing patent applications of algorithms via legislative measures. Furthermore, it is crucial to bolster governmental endeavours in fostering a cadre of patent examiners with interdisciplinary expertise. Additionally, we must incentivize innovators to augment their contributions to algorithmic innovation while concurrently imposing limitations on the misuse of algorithms. These measures are indispensable to address the innovation requirements within food safety supervision adequately.
Enhancing food quality: comprehensive packaging solution for authentic ceylonese cuisine
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, Peiris R
Published: December 2023

In the intricate dance between form and function that defines the world of product packaging, the paramount role of safeguarding goods intertwines with the artistry of capturing consumer attention. Beyond the utilitarian shield for its contents, packaging emerges as a potent tool for marketing strategy, concurrently lowering advertising costs and stimulating impromptu purchases. In the dynamic landscape of Sri Lankan authentic foods, where rich flavors and cultural significance converge, the design of a distinctive and effective packaging solution stands as a critical aspect.
Transforming online retail: the innovations of inventory backcasting in demand forecasting
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, Hasini  , Perera Niles , Talagala Priyanga
Published: December 2023

Online retail, commonly known as e-commerce, has experienced tremendous growth and trans- formation in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this trend, making online shopping the go-to option for consumers seeking convenience and safety. This surge can attribute to technologi- cal advancements, increased mobile device usage, rising customer trust, and the preference for on- line shopping.
Rehabilitation robot for carpal tunnel syndrome patients
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, Weerasoory K , Nipun W , Kumasaru U , De Silva M , Ranaweera P , Gopura R
Published: December 2023

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) represents a prevalent neurological condition frequently encountered among individuals engaged in repetitive hand movements, particularly those involving the wrist and fingers. Pregnant women, people employed in the tea and cinnamon industries, in the hospitality sector where chefs engage in repetitive cutting tasks, musicians who play and practice musical instruments for extended periods, and employees in the IT sector where repetitive finger movements are used, are all prone to be diagnosed with this ailment.
Enhancing brain entry and therapeutic activity of chimeric antigen receptor T cells with intra-arterial NEO100 in a mouse model of CNS lymphoma
Authors: Wang Weijun , He Haiping , Zheng Long , Zeng Shan , Cho Hee-Yeon , Kouhi Aida , Khawli Leslie A. , Chen Ligang , Stathopoulos Apostolos , Schönthal Axel H. , Epstein Alan L. , Chen Thomas C.
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE

Malignancies of the CNS are difficult to treat because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most therapeutics from reaching the intracranial lesions at sufficiently high concentrations. This also applies to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, for which systemic delivery is inferior to direct intratumoral or intraventricular injection of the cells. The authors previously reported on a novel approach to safely and reversibly open the BBB of mice by applying intra-arterial (IA) injections of NEO100, a pharmaceutical-grade version of the natural monoterpene perillyl alcohol. The authors hypothesized that this method would enable enhanced brain entry and therapeutic activity of intravenously delivered CAR T cells, which the authors tested in a mouse model of CNS lymphoma.

METHODS

Human Raji lymphoma cells were implanted into the brains of immune-deficient mice. After tumor uptake was confirmed with bioluminescent imaging, 0.3% NEO100 was injected intra-arterially, which was followed by intravenous (IV) delivery of CD19-targeted CAR T cells. After this single intervention, tumor growth was monitored with imaging, long-term survival of mice was recorded, and select mice were euthanized to analyze the distribution of CAR T cells in brain tissue.

RESULTS

Intravenously injected CAR T cells could be readily detected in brain tumor areas after IA injection of NEO100 but not after IA injection of the vehicle (without NEO100). Although all untreated control animals died within 3 weeks, all mice that received IA NEO100 followed by IV CAR T cells survived and thrived for 200 days, when the experiment was terminated. Of the mice that received IV CAR T cells without prior IA NEO100, 3 died within 3 weeks and 2 survived long-term.

CONCLUSIONS

BBB opening by IA NEO100 facilitates brain entry of intravenously delivered CD19 CAR T cells. The long-term survival of all mice with CNS lymphoma, along with the disappearance of the tumor as determined with imaging, suggests that this one-time therapeutic intervention was curative. BBB opening by IA NEO100 may offer a novel option to increase brain access by CAR T cells.
Evaluating mortality and 6-month functional outcomes of patients with dural venous sinus thrombosis in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Johnson Mark D. , Ventre Giancarlo J. , Kaye Joel , Patel Hemchandra B. , Naveed Asad , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Ngwenya Laura B.
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE

Patients with dural venous sinus thrombosis (DVST) in select populations following traumatic brain injury (TBI), including those with blunt mechanism or depressed skull fractures, have been shown to have an increased risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess these findings in a mixed population of head trauma patients.

METHODS

The authors performed a case-control study using propensity score matching by reviewing 17 years (2004–2021) of data from their institutional trauma registry. Patients with imaging-confirmed DVST were matched to a control group of TBI patients without identified DVST based on age, sex, postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and Injury Severity Score. All age groups and injury mechanisms were included with a head Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥ 3. Data on demographics, injury and radiographic characteristics, and patient outcomes were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of inpatient mortality. An additional subgroup analysis of patients with concurrent DVST and blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) was planned a priori.

RESULTS

The authors identified 9875 patients who presented to their institution over the study period with TBIs, with a 1.64% incidence of DVST. Concurrent BCVI was diagnosed in 23.5% of patients with a DVST. Following matching, the presence of DVST itself was not significantly associated with inpatient mortality (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.24–1.88). On regression analysis, penetrating injuries (8.19, 95% CI 1.21–80.0) and lower postresuscitation GCS scores (0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.84) were independently associated with inpatient mortality for patients with traumatic DVST. Significantly worse functional outcomes were observed in those with DVST at 3 months, with no significant difference at 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors observed a prevalence of traumatic DVST of 1.64% in a mixed population of head-injured patients, with 23.5% of patients with DVST having concurrent BCVI. Traumatic DVST alone was not associated with a significantly increased risk of inpatient mortality.
Surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal leiomyosarcoma: a single-institution retrospective series and systematic review
Authors: Zamarud Aroosa , Marianayagam Neelan J. , Sekar Vashisht , Testa Stefano , Park David J. , Yener Ulas , McCleary Tamra-Lee , Yoo Kelly H. , Emrich Sara , Tayag Armine , Ustrzynski Louisa , Pollom Erqi , Soltys Scott , Wang Lei , Charville Greg , Ganjoo Kristen , Chang Steven D. , Meola Antonio
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare, aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma that seldom spreads to the bone. The spine can be either the site of LMS osseous metastases or the primary tumor site. The optimal treatment option for spinal LMS is still unclear. The authors present a cohort of patients with spinal LMS treated with either upfront surgery or upfront CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

METHODS

The authors retrospectively studied the clinical and radiological outcomes of 17 patients with spinal LMS treated at their institution between 2004 and 2020. Either surgery or SRS was used as the upfront treatment. The clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed. A systematic review of the literature was also conducted.

RESULTS

Of the 17 patients (20 spinal lesions), 12 (70.6%) were female. The median patient age was 61 years (range 41–80 years). Ten patients had upfront surgery for their spinal lesions, and 7 had upfront CyberKnife radiosurgery. The median follow-up was 11 months (range 0.3–130 months). The median overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 13 months (range 0.3–97 months). In subgroup analysis, the median OS was lower for the surgical group (13 months, range 0.3–50 months), while the median OS for the SRS group was 15 months (range 5–97 months) (p = 0.5). Forty percent (n = 4) of those treated with surgery presented with local recurrence at a median of 6.7 months (range 0.3–36 months), while only 14% (n = 1) of those treated with CyberKnife radiosurgery had local recurrence after 5 months. Local tumor control (LTC) rates at the 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups were 72%, 58%, and 43%, respectively, for the SRS group and 40%, 30%, and 20%, respectively, for the surgery group (p < 0.05). The literature review included 35 papers with 70 patients harboring spinal LMS; only 2 patients were treated with SRS. The literature review confirms the clinical and radiological outcomes of the surgical group, while data on SRS are anecdotal.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors present the largest series in the literature of spinal LMS and the first on SRS for spinal LMS. This study shows that LTC is statistically significantly better in patients receiving upfront SRS instead of surgery. The OS does not appear different between the two groups.
Sex differences in the accuracy of vertebral bone quality score assessing bone density in patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion
Authors: Wang *Yunsheng , Wang Feng , Tong Tong , Miao Dechao , Li Wenshuai , Zhu Houze , Zheng Xiao , Wang Linfeng
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE

Low bone mineral density (BMD) significantly increases the risk of complications in patients undergoing spinal fusion. Existing evidence indicates that traditional dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative CT (QCT) screening are underutilized in spine surgery. The MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score provides a tool for primary screening of bone density. The validity of this score as a predictor across sexes has not been investigated. This study aimed to explore the effect of sex on the diagnostic efficacy of the VBQ in predicting osteopenia/osteoporosis and whether a sex-specific threshold exists.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent lumbar fusion at a tertiary care center were reviewed. VBQ was obtained by noncontrast T1-weighted MRI. Patients were stratified according to sex and bone density. Data were analyzed between the groups. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between the VBQ and DEXA T values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the curve (AUC) calculation, was used to evaluate the predictive performance of VBQ for low BMD in both sexes.

RESULTS

A total of 271 patients (92 male, 179 female patients) were analyzed. The correlation coefficient between VBQ and the lowest T value was −0.40 for male and −0.554 for female patients. In comparing the bone density subgroups, among male patients a significant difference in the VBQ scores was observed only between the normal and osteoporosis subgroups (p = 0.012). VBQ demonstrated statistically significant differences among female patients across all three subgroups (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis revealed that the predictive performance of VBQ in detecting low BMD was more consistent with the gold-standard DEXA results in female than in male patients (AUC 0.647 vs AUC 0.823, p = 0.02). The optimal thresholds were similar in both sexes.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with male patients, VBQ has better discrimination between female patients with low BMD and those with normal bone density. Although the correlation between VBQ and bone density is weaker in male than in female patients, the optimal thresholds are similar in both sexes.
Carbonate nanoplankton from the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian sediments of southern Ukraine
Authors: Matlay L.M.
Published: December 2023

Наводиться характеристика нових біостратиграфічних підрозділів за вапняковим нанопланктоном оксфорду і кімериджу Гірського Криму. Описується вісім видів нанопланктону з відкладів оксфорду і кімериджу, які раніше не були відомі з території Західного Причорномор’я і Гірського Криму.