bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Episodic Future Thinking Only Reduces Delay Discounting When Future Events Involve the Self
Authors: Olsen Rebecca A. , Macaskill Anne C. , Hunt Maree J.
Published: July 2024

Vividly imagining personally relevant, future episodes (episodic future thinking) reduces delay discounting, with potential to provide many applied benefits. It is not clear whether the events imagined must involve the self, or whether vividly imagining future events that will happen to another person would also reduce delay discounting. In the current study, two groups of students wrote about future events, we then cued them to vividly imagine these future events while making delay‐amount trade‐off decisions (e.g., would you choose $500 now or $1000 in one year?). One group imagined future events happening to themselves, and another group to a specific person they knew. We compared discounting to a control condition where participants were simply instructed to “choose.” Only the group that imagined personally relevant, future events demonstrated reduced delay discounting. This suggests that episodic future thinking more effectively reduces delay discounting when future events happen to the self rather than another person. The group that imagined personally relevant future events were not more able to report the experimental hypotheses suggesting that this difference was not primarily driven by demand characteristics.
Assessing qualitative data richness and thickness: Development of an evidence‐based tool for use in qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Ames Heather M. R. , France Emma F. , Cooper Sara , Bianchim Mayara S. , Lewin Simon , Schmidt Bey‐Marrié , Uny Isabelle , Noyes Jane
Published: July 2024

Background

Well‐conducted qualitative evidence syntheses (QESs) can provide invaluable insights into complex phenomena. However, the development of an in‐depth understanding depends on the analysis of rich, thick data from the included primary qualitative studies. Sampling may be needed if there are too many eligible studies. Data richness and thickness are among several criteria that can be taken into consideration when sampling studies for inclusion. However, existing tools do not address explicitly the assessment of both data richness and thickness in the context of QES.

Methods

To address this gap, we have developed, piloted, and conducted initial user testing of a richness and thickness assessment tool. The tool has been in development since 2014. Three pilot versions from three review teams have been used in six Cochrane reviews. Key members from the original three review teams subsequently came together to create a consensus‐based definitive version 1 of the tool. Four review authors piloted the version 1 tool, which has been subject to initial user testing. The version 1 assessment tool consists of two components: assessing the thickness of contextual data and assessing the richness of conceptual data. The accompanying guidance emphasizes the importance of assessing data that addresses the review question.

Results

The paper provides guidance on how to apply the tool, emphasizing the importance of reaching a consensus among review authors and fostering a shared understanding of what constitutes rich and thick data in the context of the review. The potential challenges related to the time and resource constraints of this additional review process are acknowledged.

Conclusion

Version 1 of the tool represents a significant development in QES methodology, filling a critical gap and enhancing the transparency and rigor of the sampling process. The authors invite feedback from the research community to further test, refine and improve this tool based on wider user experiences.
Controlling (E/Z)‐Stereoselectivity of −NHC=O Chlorination: Mechanism Principles for Wide Scope Applications
Authors: Maklad Raed M. , Moustafa Gamal A. I. , Aoyama Hiroshi , Elgazar Abdullah A.
Published: July 2024

Organic halogen compounds are cornerstones of applied chemical sciences. Halogen substitution is a smart molecular design strategy adopted to influence reactivity, membrane permeability and receptor interaction. Chiral bioreceptors may restrict the stereochemical requirements in the halo‐ligand design. Straightforward (but expensive) catalyzed stereospecific halogenation has been reported. Historically, PCl5 served access to uncatalyzed stereoselective chlorination although the stereochemical outcomes were influenced by steric parameters. Nonetheless, stereochemical investigation of PCl5 reaction mechanism with carbamoyl (RCONHX) compounds has never been addressed. Herein, we provide the first comprehensive stereochemical mechanistic explanation outlining halogenation of carbamoyl compounds with PCl5; the key regioselectivity‐limiting nitrilimine intermediate (8‐Z.HCl); how substitution pattern influences regioselectivity; why oxadiazole byproduct (P1) is encountered; stereo‐electronic factors influencing the hydrazonoyl chloride (P2) production; and discovery of two stereoselectivity‐limiting parallel mechanisms (stepwise and concerted) of elimination of HCl and POCl3. DFT calculations, synthetic methodology optimization, X‐ray evidence and experimental reaction kinetics study evidence all supported the suggested mechanism proposal (Scheme 2). Finally, we provide mechanism‐inspired future recommendations for directing the reaction stereoselectivity toward elusive and stereochemically inaccessible (E)‐bis‐hydrazonoyl chlorides along with potentially pivotal applications of both (E/Z)‐stereoisomers especially in medicinal chemistry and protein modification.
Data‐driven battery capacity estimation using support vector regression and model bagging under fast‐charging conditions
Authors: Wang Yixiu , Luo Qiyue , Cao Liang , Seth Arpan , Liu Jianfeng , Gopaluni Bhushan , Cao Yankai
Published: July 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries offer significant advantages in terms of their high energy and power density and efficiency, but capacity degradation remains a major issue during their usage. Accurately estimating the remaining capacity is crucial for ensuring safe operations, leading to the development of precise capacity estimation models. Data‐driven models have emerged as a promising approach for capacity estimation. However, existing models predominantly focus on constant current charging conditions, limiting their applicability in real‐world scenarios where fast‐charging conditions are commonly employed. The primary objective of this work is to develop a more versatile machine learning model (i.e., support vector regression [SVR]) capable of estimating battery capacity under fast‐charging conditions, with broader applicability across various work conditions. Genetic algorithm and cross‐validation techniques are employed to simultaneously optimize feature extraction hyperparameters and SVR hyperparameters. A model bagging method is further implemented to address prediction challenges under unknown fast‐charging conditions. The effectiveness of the developed model is validated on a cycling dataset of lithium‐ion batteries under different two‐stage fast‐charging conditions.
On‐farm evaluation of cassava clones using the triadic comparison of technology options approach
Authors: Nanyonjo Ann Ritah , Angudubo Stephen , Iragaba Paula , Brown David , Nuwamanya Ephraim , Esuma Williams , Ozimati Alfred , Wembabazi Enoch , Kanaabi Michael , Muhumuza Nicholas , Bayiyana Irene , van Etten Jacob , de Sousa Kauê , Tufan Hale , Kawuki Robert Sezi
Published: July 2024

The triadic comparison of technology options (tricot) approach to participatory varietal selection has been demonstrated to scale out the on‐farm testing of elite candidate crop varieties. In this study, we evaluated elite clones of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using the tricot approach. We sought to (1) synthesize on‐farm trial data from two cycles evaluating different sets of elite cassava clones; (2) assess the agronomic performance of elite cassava clones considering sociodemographic and climatic factors; and (3) assess the performance of elite cassava clones for both agronomic and food quality traits. The study involved 10 districts in Uganda, two cycles/seasons of evaluation, 20 elite cassava clones, one check variety, and 294 men and 320 women farmers. Our results indicate that the agronomic performance of elite cassava clones was influenced more by geographic than sociodemographic factors. Our analysis identified the number of days with rainfall higher than 20 mm as the most influencing climatic factor over agronomic performance. Further, the study identified superior elite cassava clones UG110164, UGC14170, and UG120193 as promising candidate varieties for release, targeting food products. Overall, our study emphasizes the important contribution of end‐users to crop improvement and provides insights into use of tricot on‐farm testing methodology to evaluate elite cassava clones during cassava variety development in Uganda, which can be used to support decision making for variety release.
Correlations among New Mexico pod‐type green chile (Capsicum annuum) fruit morphology characteristics with destemming force
Authors: Joukhadar Israel , Ortega Franchesca , Velasco‐Cruz Ciro , Barchenger Derek , Hill Theresa , Van Deynze Allen , Walker Stephanie
Published: July 2024

Destemming refers to the removal of the calyx and pedicel from chile (Capsicum annuum) fruit, and destemming force is the amount of force required to accomplish this removal. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between destemming force and fruit width, fruit length, and pericarp thickness, along with the genetic potential for combining the easy‐destemming attribute with the preferred fruit morphology of New Mexico (NM) pod‐type green chile. This investigation will define optimal selection criteria for reducing destemming force, while preserving the distinctive morphology of NM pod‐type green chile. We quantified phenotypic and genetic variation of 285 F3 families from three populations developed from reciprocal crosses between three NM pod‐type cultivars and an easy‐destemming cultivar. The results show destemming force exhibited significant positive phenotypic correlations with pericarp thickness and fruit width (0.90 and 0.92, respectively) and fruit length (0.69). Genetic correlations for each of the three populations for fruit morphological traits ranged from 0.2 to 0.9, with pericarp thickness with the highest genetic correlation with destemming force. Narrow‐sense heritability values were between 0.2 and 0.8, with destemming force and fruit length consistently having higher narrow‐sense heritability values. These findings suggest a correlation between the expression of pericarp thickness and destemming force. The lower estimates for pericarp thickness indicate environmental influences may play a more significant role in determining trait expression. The information generated from this study will aid in the development of efficient cultivars suited for mechanical harvesting in NM pod‐type breeding programs.
Sweat exosomes: A new cutting edge nanomedicine in cancer treatment
Authors: Dhara Bikram , Sarkar Subham
Published: July 2024

Exosomes can be defined as extracellular vesicles, of size ranging from 30 to 150 nm, secreted from almost all kinds of cells and can also be obtained from the body fluids. Exosomes have different components depending on the type of cell from which they originate. Exosomes are capable of transporting various molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, chemical compounds and metabolites. Experiments show that exosomes can perform important functions in cell growth, migration, differentiation, neuronal signalling, immune cell modulation. Exosomes can also be used in cancer therapy, as they can be key players in intercellular communication and signalling. Experiments have also demonstrated that exosomes are chief players in viral persistence and dissemination. The reasons why application of exosomes in targeted therapy is gaining significance are their ability to initiate cellular responses, high tolerance levels in host cells and high efficiency in penetrating other cells. Exosomes can be used both as therapeutic agents and escorts of drugs. Even though numerous studies have been performed in search of better anticancer therapies, most of them have come to a halt due to the failure in achieving a therapy best in all parameters. However, both in vitro and in vivo application of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy of tumours are prospective and has a future.
Phase‐Transitions in Disgust During Self‐Initiated Eating Among Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa and Related Low‐Weight Eating Disorders and Matched Controls
Authors: Hildebrandt Tom , Boyar Allison , Chen Xi , Holland Katherine , Silverman Elena , Webb Desiree , Wolk Sophia , Schulz Kurt , Sysko Robyn
Published: July 2024

Background

Understanding the emotional context of feeding behavior may help identify causal mechanisms of food avoidance among individuals with anorexia nervosa. Although predominant food avoidance models assume fear of fat drives feeding behavior, disgust may be more theoretically and proximally relevant to moment‐to‐moment experiences of feeding. This study, therefore, aimed to examine affect and food avoidance using automated affect analysis from facial response by measuring time‐specific transitions in disgust during a laboratory eating paradigm. We hypothesized that phase transitions in disgust would distinguish temporally self‐initiated eating from food avoidance.

Methods

Sixty‐three adolescents with anorexia nervosa or another low‐weight eating disorder (LWED) and 27 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were recruited as part of a larger study; 45 patients and 22 controls provided data on autonomous eating and facial affect during a laboratory meal. Dynamic structural equation models quantified moment‐to‐moment relationships between disgust and feeding behavior.

Results

Self‐initiated eating was associated with greater increases in disgust, but not fear, intensity among those with LWED relative to control participants and greater disgust intensity predicted lower likelihood of self‐initiated eating.

Discussion

Phasic transitions in disgust provide moment‐to‐moment evidence of affective influence on self‐initiated eating and lend credibility to the hypothesis that disgust contributes to food avoidance and initiation in individuals with LWED.
Contemporary survival in metastatic bladder cancer patients: A population‐based study
Authors: Di Bello Francesco , Siech Carolin , Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , de Angelis Mario , Rodriguez Peñaranda Natali , Tian Zhe , Goyal Jordan A. , Baudo Andrea , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Califano Gianluigi , Creta Massimiliano , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Acquati Pietro , de Cobelli Ottavio , Briganti Alberto , Chun Felix K. H. , Micali Salvatore , Longo Nicola , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: July 2024

The overall survival (OS) improvement after the advent of several novel systemic therapies, designed for treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (mUCUB), is not conclusively studied in either contemporary UCUB patients and/or non‐UCUB patients. Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, contemporary (2017–2020) and historical (2000–2016) systemic therapy‐exposed metastatic UCUB and, subsequently, non‐UCUB patients were identified. Separate Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression (CRM) analyses first addressed OS in mUCUB and, subsequently, in metastatic non‐UCUB (mn‐UCUB). Of 3443 systemic therapy‐exposed patients, 2725 (79%) harbored mUCUB versus 709 (21%) harbored mn‐UCUB. Of 2725 mUCUB patients, 582 (21%) were contemporary (2017–2020) versus 2143 (79%) were historical (2000–2016). In mUCUB, median OS was 11 months in contemporary versus 8 months in historical patients (Δ = 3 months; p < .0001). After multivariable CRM, contemporary membership status (2017–2020) independently predicted lower overall mortality (OM; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60–0.76; p < .001). Of 709 mn‐UCUB patients, 167 (24%) were contemporary (2017–2020) and 542 (76%) were historical (2000–2016). In mn‐UCUB, median OS was 8 months in contemporary versus 7 months in historical patients (Δ = 1 month; p = .034). After multivariable CRM, contemporary membership status (2017–2020) was associated with HR of 0.81 (95% CI = 0.66–1.01; p = .06). In conclusion, contemporary systemic therapy‐exposed metastatic patients exhibited better OS in UCUB. However, the magnitude of survival benefit was threefold higher in mUCUB and approximated the survival benefits recorded in prospective randomized trials of novel systemic therapies.
Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis
Authors: Scotti Biagio , Misciali Cosimo , Merli Yuri , Bardazzi Federico , Abbenante Diego , Dika Emi , Piraccini Bianca M.
Published: July 2024

Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis (RND) is a dermatological condition typically associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The low prevalence of RND and the wide spectrum of its possible clinical appearances make the diagnosis challenging. Current literature is still lacking a comprehensive overview of this rare cutaneous disorder. The aim of this review is to summarize data from the existing literature on RND, focusing on its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology and treatment. Hence, a comprehensive literature search of case reports and series was made, starting from a Medline (via PubMed) and Scopus databases. We also included in the analysis one patient attending to our dermatology department and diagnosed with RND. Overall, 54 cases of RND were identified. The majority of patients were female (72.3%) with a median (IQR) age at the time of diagnosis of 58 (65‐45) years. RND followed the onset of RA in 87% of patients with an average (SD) latency time of approximately 10 (8.9) years. In 1 (1.8%) case the dermatitis preceded the appearance of joint symptoms, while in three (5.5%) cases it occurred concomitantly with them. Seropositive RA was the major associated form (76.5%). Clinically, asymptomatic papules (31%), nodules (15.1%) and/or plaques (13.5%) distributed bilaterally on extremities were most frequently described. Notably, females were more prone to develop a painful dermatitis (84.6%) compared to males. The vesicobullous (12.7%) and pustular (9.2%) clinical subtypes were the most demonstrative in contrast to the urticarial skin manifestations and the potential figurative/annular distribution of the lesions. Spontaneous resolution of RND was rare (5.5%). Systemic treatments, mainly represented by steroids and anti‐neutrophilic agents (dapsone, colchicine), were consistently required.
Effect of agitation speed on methylene blue discoloration kinetics via ambient air cold plasma
Authors: Pereira Alessandra Mbroczkoski , Khalaf Péricles Inácio
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the kinetics of methylene blue (MB) discoloration using ambient air cold plasma, with a focus on the impact of agitation speed (100 and 750 rpm). The study revealed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics for MB discoloration, pinpointing optimal conditions at 35.00°C and 100 rpm. These parameters minimized half‐life times, correlated with observed kobs values. A decreasing pH trend, more pronounced at 750 rpm, was attributed to increased acidic nitrogen species (HNO3 and HNO2) production, adversely affecting dye discoloration. Concurrently, enhanced electrolyte concentration was noted from rising conductivity due to plasma production of reactive species followed by solubilization in the aqueous phase. The calculated thermodynamic activation parameters comprised: Ea = 7.96 kJ mol−1, ΔH‡ = +5.53 kJ mol−1, ΔS‡ = −253.23 J K−1 mol−1, and ΔG‡ = +79.77 kJ mol−1 (100 rpm); and Ea = 12.94 kJ mol−1, ΔH‡ = +13.78 kJ mol−1, ΔS‡ = −239.06 J K−1 mol−1, and ΔG‡ = +80.58 kJ mol−1, (750 rpm). The lowest Ea and ΔG‡ values at 100 rpm reinforced lower agitation favoring the reaction. The study demonstrated a linear decay of the reaction rate constant with the square root of ionic strength. This result, besides the negative activation entropy and moderate activation enthalpy led to a proposition to the determinant step for the transition state formation, involving an associative step between a solvated electron and the protonated substrate. The optimal dye discoloration rate and energy yield were observed at 35.00°C and 100 rpm, with values of 97.2% and 3.371 × 10−2 g kW−1 h−1, respectively.
Tympanostomy Tubes Under Local Versus General Anesthesia for Children: A Prospective Long‐Term Study
Authors: Bellavance Samuel , Khoury Michel , Fournier Isabelle , Costisella Jérôme , Lapointe Annie , Giguère Chantal , Doré‐Bergeron Marie‐Joëlle , Bergeron Mathieu
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Tympanostomy tube insertion (TTI) under local anesthesia (LA) is gaining popularity but literature comparing long‐term outcomes for children undergoing TTI under LA versus general anesthesia (GA) is limited. This study compares the long‐term quality of life (QoL) between LA and GA in children undergoing TTI. Secondary objectives included long‐term behavioral changes, parental satisfaction, tube durability, and postoperative complications.

Methods

We prospectively followed children aged under 6 who underwent TTI, under LA or GA, 2 years prior. We assessed QoL using validated scales (OM6, PedsQL), analyzed behavioral changes and parental satisfaction through qualitative scales, and retrieved data on tube durability and non‐immediate complications.

Results

A total of 84 children (LA = 42; GA = 42) had complete data and a minimum of 1 year of follow‐up. Demographic data were similar, except for younger patients in the LA group (1.4 vs. 1.9 years, p = 0.02). LA group exhibited increased fear of health care professionals following TTI (LA: Likert scale 2.1/5, GA: 1.5/5, p = 0.04). Tube retention rate was shorter in the LA group (at 15 months: GA:72%, LA:50%, p = 0.039). Two years post‐TTI, there were no differences regarding QoL (OM‐6 score; LA: 15.2/100, GA: 21.4/100, p = 0.18, and PedsQL score; LA: 84.3/100, GA: 83.8/100, p = 0.90), parental satisfaction with anesthesia (GA: 4.5/5, LA: 4.6/5, p = 0.56), and postoperative complications (GA: 3/42, LA: 7/42, p = 0.18).

Conclusions

TTI under LA in children is associated with an increased fear of health care professionals and shorter functionality of tympanostomy tubes as compared to GA. No difference was observed in long‐term QoL, parental satisfaction, and complications rate.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:5178–5183, 2024
Targeted next‐generation sequencing reveals the genetic mechanism of Chinese Marfan syndrome cohort with ocular manifestation
Authors: Han Dongming , Wang Ziwei , Chen Xuan , Liu Zijia , Yang Zhengtao , Chen Yixi , Tian Peiyi , Li Jiankang , Wang ZhuoShi
Published: July 2024

Background

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder involving multiple systems, including ophthalmologic abnormalities. Most cases are due to heterozygous mutations in the fibrillin‐1 gene (FBN1). Other associated genes include LTBP2, MYH11, MYLK, and SLC2A10. There is significant clinical overlap between MFS and other Marfan‐like disorders.

Purpose

To expand the mutation spectrum of FBN1 gene and validate the pathogenicity of Marfan‐related genes in patients with MFS and ocular manifestations.

Methods

We recruited 318 participants (195 cases, 123 controls), including 59 sporadic cases and 88 families. All patients had comprehensive ophthalmic examinations showing ocular features of MFS and met Ghent criteria. Additionally, 754 cases with other eye diseases were recruited. Panel‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) screened mutations in 792 genes related to inherited eye diseases.

Results

We detected 181 mutations with an 84.7% detection rate in sporadic cases and 87.5% in familial cases. The overall detection rate was 86.4%, with FBN1 accounting for 74.8%. In cases without FBN1 mutations, 23 mutations from seven Marfan‐related genes were identified, including four pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in LTBP2. The 181 mutations included 165 missenses, 10 splicings, three frameshifts, and three nonsenses. FBN1 accounted for 53.0% of mutations. The most prevalent pathogenic mutation was FBN1 c.4096G>A. Additionally, 94 novel mutations were detected, with 13 de novo mutations in 14 families.

Conclusion

We expanded the mutation spectrum of the FBN1 gene and provided evidence for the pathogenicity of other Marfan‐related genes. Variants in LTBP2 may contribute to the ocular manifestations in MFS, underscoring its role in phenotypic diversity.
Coupled model for electro‐osmosis consolidation and ion transport considering chemical osmosis in saturated clay soils
Authors: Ge Shangqi , Jiang Wenhao , Wang Ji‐Peng , Feng Guohui , Zheng Lingwei , Xie Xinyu
Published: July 2024

The electro‐osmosis approach efficiently facilitates the rapid dewatering of soil with high water content and contributes to reducing contaminant levels within the clay soil. However, the changes of chemical field caused by ion transport in the clay soil during electro‐osmosis process will also influence the clay soil consolidation effect. Existing theories predominantly tend to disregard this crucial physical process and its resultant effects, thereby restraining a comprehensive analysis of electro‐osmosis consolidation (EOC) behavior under intricate chemical conditions. This study introduces a concise model of EOC and ion transport considering chemical osmosis. The model considers the nonlinear variation of clay soil parameters such as compressibility, permeability, and effective diffusion coefficients, along with the interaction between EOC and ion transport. Meanwhile, the correctness of the model is verified from different aspects such as theoretical derivation and model comparison. Based on the proposed model, the impacts of the variation in electrical field intensity and chemical concentration on the coupled behaviors between EOC and ion transport are systematically investigated, with and without incorporating nonlinear consolidation characteristics. The results show that diffusion and electro‐migration exhibit a more pronounced effect on ion transport during EOC. Simultaneously, with the increase of ion concentration in clay soil pore solution, the effects of chemical osmosis become increasingly apparent, thereby enhancing clay soil settlement.
The turnpike property for high‐dimensional interacting agent systems in discrete time
Authors: Gugat Martin , Herty Michael , Liu Jiehong , Segala Chiara
Published: July 2024

We investigate the interior turnpike phenomenon for discrete‐time multi‐agent optimal control problems. While for continuous systems the turnpike property has been established, we focus here on first‐order discretizations of such systems. It is shown that the resulting time‐discrete system inherits the turnpike property with estimates of the same type as in the continuous case. In particular, we prove that the discrete time optimal control problem is strictly dissipative and the cheap control assumption holds.
Vincristine exposure in Kenyan children with cancer: CHAPATI feasibility study
Authors: Uittenboogaard Aniek , van de Velde Mirjam , van de Heijden Lisa , Mukuhi Leah , de Vries Niels , Langat Sandra , Olbara Gilbert , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Vik Terry , Kaspers Gertjan , Njuguna Festus
Published: July 2024

The low incidence of vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) in Kenyan children may result from low vincristine exposure. We studied vincristine exposure in Kenyan children and dose‐escalated in case of low vincristine exposure (NCT05844670). Average vincristine exposure was high. Individual vincristine exposure was assessed with a previously developed nomogram. A 20% dose increase was recommended for participants with low exposure and no VIPN, hyperbilirubinemia, or malnutrition. None of the 15 participants developed VIPN. Low vincristine exposure was seen in one participant: a dose increase was implemented without side effects. In conclusion, the participants did not develop VIPN despite having high vincristine exposure.
Wilms tumor characteristics, surgical management, outcomes, and chronic kidney disease in children with WAGR syndrome: A report from the International WAGR Syndrome Association survey
Authors: Tracy Elisabeth T. , Leraas Harold , Olson Lindsay , Shamberger Robert C. , Ehrlich Peter F.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Children with WAGR (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and range of development delays) syndrome are predisposed to Wilms tumor (WT) and intrinsic kidney disease. Using the comprehensive International WAGR Syndrome Association (IWSA) survey of children with WAGR syndrome, we analyzed tumor characteristics, treatment and congenital risk factors, and kidney function in children with WAGR and WT.

Methods

Descriptive statistics were utilized including demographics, treatment strategies, and patient outcomes. Comparisons were made between patients with WAGR and WT to those with WAGR alone. A multivariable logistic regression was completed for risk of developing WT and to identify predictors of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Results

Sixty‐four of 145 children with WAGR developed WT (44.1%). Three relapsed and one died. CKD developed in five children with WAGR without WT (5/81, 6.2%), and in 34 with WAGR and WT (34/64, 28.3%). Children with WAGR and WT were younger (p = .017), and had a greater association with CKD than WAGR children without WT (p < .0001). Two children with WT required hemodialysis, and one underwent kidney transplantation. By univariate analysis, CKD at any stage was associated with complete nephrectomy for the WT surgery (p < .0001), chemotherapy duration greater than 12 months, and three‐drug therapy. Upon multivariate analysis, prior nephrectomy was the only significant variable (p = .0002).

Conclusions

Epidemiological analysis of children with WAGR demonstrated favorable oncologic outcomes, but high rate of early CKD in those who developed WT. Further study of the use of nephron‐sparing surgery in children with WAGR and strategies to delay or treat early CKD are needed.
Resilient trees for urban environments: The importance of intraspecific variation
Authors: Sjöman Henrik , Watkins Harry , Kelly Laura J. , Hirons Andrew , Kainulainen Kent , Martin Kevin W. E. , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: July 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Trees in urban environments provide us with shade, heat mitigation, flood abatement, noise and pollution reduction, pollination, beauty, and much more. However, many of these benefits are strongly connected to tree size and vitality, with larger, healthier trees providing ecosystem services more effectively, which means that selecting the right tree for site and function is crucial in order to gain all benefits from our urban trees.

Trees play a major role in the Earth's biogeochemical processes, influencing soil production, hydrological, nutrient and carbon cycles, and the global climate. They store about 50% of the world's terrestrial carbon stocks, and provide habitats for a wide range of other species, supporting at least half of the Earth's known terrestrial plants and animals. Trees are not only found in forests and other natural ecosystems, but also in urban environments. Most of the human population is concentrated in cities, towns and villages, so urban trees are critical to meet on‐going and future social, economic and environmental challenges. However, many urban tree populations are strongly challenged by a changing climate, outbreaks of pests and pathogens and an urban development with increasingly dense cities and a high proportion of impermeable surface materials. The importance of intraspecific variation needs to be better acknowledged in this context, since poor matching of trees and the local climate and growing conditions can lead to extensive loss of valuable trees. By using the right genetic plant material for the challenging urban environments, a more resilient tree population with a greater diversity and higher capacity for delivering ecosystem services can be gained. Here, we wish to discuss the need to consider intraspecific variation when planning resilient tree populations for urban environments and how seed banks and botanical garden play important roles in efforts to improve the matching of genetic plant material for future environmental challenges. Strategies to enrich urban tree diversity and increase resilience are outlined.
Cover Image, Volume 92, Issue 8
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Vashisth Harish
Published: July 2024

Front Cover: The cover image is based on the Research Article Molecular basis for differential recognition of an allosteric inhibitor by receptor tyrosine kinases by Jyoti Verma and Harish Vashisth, https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.26685.

image
Scott–Russel Linkage‐Based Triboelectric Self‐Powered Sensor for Contact Material‐Independent Force Sensing and Tactile Recognition
Authors: Seo Dongwon , Kong Jimin , Chung Jihoon
Published: July 2024

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) in recent years has increased demand for various sensors to collect a wide range of data. Among various sensors, the demand for force sensors that can recognize physical phenomena in 3D space has notably increased. Recent research has focused on developing energy harvesting methods for sensors to address their maintenance problems. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based force sensors are a promising solution for converting external motion into electrical signals. However, conventional TENG‐based force sensors that use the signal peak can negatively affect data accuracy. In this study, a Scott–Russell linkage‐inspired TENG (SRI‐TENG) is developed. The SRI‐TENG has completely separate signal generation and measurement sections, and the number of peaks in the electrical output is measured to prevent disturbing output signals. In addition, the lubricant liquid enhances durability, enabling stable force signal measurements for 270 000 cycles. The SRI system demonstrates consistent peak counts and high accuracy across different contacting surfaces, indicating that it can function as a contact material‐independent self‐powered force sensor. Furthermore, using a deep learning method, it is demonstrated that it can function as a multimodal sensor by realizing the tactile properties of various materials.
Survey assessing foot trimmer involvement in managing lameness in UK beef cattle
Authors: Fitzsimmonds Hannah M. , Fishwick John , Mahendran Sophie
Published: July 2024

Background

Cattle lameness is a significant welfare and economic problem facing the livestock industry. Published research has investigated foot trimming practices in dairy herds, but little is known about the practices in beef herds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to obtain information about the current practices of professional cattle foot trimmers concerning beef cattle within the UK.

Methods

An online survey comprising 16 questions was created using the Joint Information Systems Committee platform. The survey was open for 3 months.

Results

There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the proportions of dairy cattle and beef cattle receiving preventative foot trims. Digital dermatitis was the most commonly recorded cause of lameness when a lame beef animal was trimmed by the respondents, followed by white line disease. A thematic analysis of foot trimmers' opinions of barriers to engagement on beef farms is presented, in addition to their opinions on veterinary involvement with beef lameness.

Limitations

Distribution bias may have affected the results, as the survey was distributed online with support from the Cattle Hoof Care Standards Board and the National Association of Cattle Hoof Trimmers. The percentage of foot trimmers not affiliated with either professional body is not known.

Conclusion

Further research on the impact of lameness on suckler and finishing cattle, including investigations into preventative actions to reduce lameness in beef systems, is warranted.
The History of the IOL Power Club: 2005–2025
Authors: Hoffer Kenneth J.
Published: July 2024

The IOL Power Club began at the 2024 ASCRS meeting because of an accidental meeting of 4 IOL power formula autthors (Aramberri, Haigis, Hoffer & Olsen). This led to them getting together, along with inviting 2 others (Norrby & Shammas), for a meeting to discuss the subject and socialize for 3 days in San Sebastian, Spain in September of 2005. It was so successful, they decided to form a Club and have meetings on an annual basis alternating between the EU and US. Over the years, others, with similar interests were invited to make presentations and some were later invited to join the Club. Early on, biometer and IOL manufacturers were asked to sponsor the meeting and send representatives to make scientific presentations. There were never product exhibits and commercialism was downplayed but, everyone was treated as equals. Over the ensuing 20 years, the IPC has continued these meetings darting around the EU and US and many subsequent endeavors have led to valuable contributions to this field, including this Open Access textbook dedicated to our Co-founder and colleague, Wolfgang Haigis PhD who is dearly missed since his passing in October 2019.
Influence of Anterior Chamber Depth, Lens Thickness, and Corneal Diameter on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
Authors: Ferreira Tiago Bravo , Campos Nuno
Published: July 2024

The main IOL power formulas are described along with the input variables used by each of them to predict the IOL position and the refractive outcomes reported by published studies. An overview of measurements techniques of anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and corneal diameter is given. The impact of these variables is illustrated for the Barrett Universal II, EVO, Haigis, Hill-RBF, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Kane, Olsen, PEARL-DGS, and SRK/T formulas. With formulas that do not take the anterior chamber into account, eyes with a deeper anterior chamber are more likely to experience a hyperopic outcome compared to eyes with a shallow anterior chamber. With most formulas, a tendency toward a myopic shift occurs with thin lenses and toward a hyperopic shift with thick lenses. Corneal diameter has a minimal effect on IOL power calculation.
ZEISS IOLMaster 700
Authors: Klaproth Oliver
Published: July 2024

The ZEISS IOLMaster 700 with SWEPT Source Biometry® is designed for increasing patient throughput and getting fewer refractive surprises in cataract surgery. It combines all measurements required for modern non-toric IOL, toric IOL, and post-refractive surgery IOL power calculation, including Telecentric 3-Zone Keratometry, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, corneal diameter distance, as well as alpha and kappa chords. It provides innovative technologies such as Total Keratometry (TK®) to include the posterior corneal curvature in IOL power calculation, the seamless cornea-to-retina scan, the unique fixation check, and central topography. It is part of the ZEISS Cataract Workflow, which enables remote IOL power calculation, surgical planning, IOL ordering, and more, in combination ZEISS EQ Workplace® and ZEISS Veracity® Surgical. It also enables markerless toric IOL alignment in combination with ZEISS CALLISTO eye®.
Digital Solutions in the Cataract Workflow from ZEISS
Authors: Schüle Melanie , Smith Kyle , Dreyer Stephan , Elliott Jeremiah
Published: July 2024

ZEISS has created several powerful digital solutions to support cataract surgeons and their teams in achieving workflow efficiency and excellent outcomes by integrating the entire process of cataract surgery—from the office to the OR and back. ZEISS offers two surgery planning solutions, the FORUM-based EQ Workplace and the cloud-based VERACITY Surgery Planner, as well as the intraoperative surgical guidance system, ZEISS CALLISTO eye—all created to improve efficiency and reduce errors while adapting to the surgeon’s existing workflow.
Biometry Measurements Using a New Large Coherence Length Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: John Shammas H. , Shammas Maya C.
Published: July 2024

The swept-source OCT biometer (Argos) uses a 1060 nm wavelength and 20 nm bandwidth swept-source technology to collect 2-D OCT data of the full eye. The device measures the axial length and the anterior chamber depth, the central corneal thickness, aqueous depth, lens thickness, pupil size, the corneal diameter, and the corneal power in less than a second. The repeatability and reproducibility of the Argos measurements have been tested by means of variation analysis study and demonstrated that the new OCT biometer produces precise and reproducible measurements. Measurements made with the swept-source OCT biometer show a high acquisition rate compared with the IOLMaster 500 and the Lenstar biometers, especially in dense cataracts. The Argos swept-source optical coherence tomography measures the optical path length of each segment of the eye and uses a specific refractive index for each of these segments that has led to an improvement in IOL power calculation especially in long and short eyes.
Optical Biometer OA-2000
Authors: Hara Naoko , Benedikt Kathrin , Owaki Hirofumi
Published: July 2024

The OA-2000 is an optical biometer that automatically measures all parameters needed for IOL power calculation. Axial measurements are obtained by means of swept-source optical coherence tomography and corneal measurements by means of a Placido ring corneal topographer. Long coherence length allows high penetration and high success rate on long axial length myopic eyes. Different technical features provide a high success rate in measuring dense cataract eyes. Corneal keratometry and astigmatism are measured with accuracy and precision. The device includes different kinds of IOL formulae: standard, toric, and post-Lasik. In addition, software for optimization of IOL constants is included in OA-2000.
CASIA2: Anterior Segment 3D Swept-Source OCT
Authors: Hara Naoko , Benedikt Kathrin , Owaki Hirofumi
Published: July 2024

CASIA2 in a swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) anterior segment tomographer. It achieves deep penetration and provides wide-field images by means of a high scanning speed (50,000 scans/s) with a light source 1310 nm wavelength, and it can acquire high-quality 3D images from the anterior surface of cornea to the back surface of the crystalline lens. The clinical application includes pre-operative screening to measure corneal total astigmatism, higher-order aberrations, topography maps as well as 3D analysis of the crystalline lens geometry giving values for front and back surfaces, tilt, and decentration. Axial length and corneal power measured with the OA-2000 biometer can be automatically transferred to CASIA2 for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.
Cassini Corneal Topographer
Authors: Snellenburg Joris , Huijbregtse Maarten , Ortiz-Jaramillo Benhur , Ginting Masmei , Serfontein Ernst
Published: July 2024

Cassini is a reflection-based corneal topographer, that combines its signature color-coded LED pattern with a multitude of infrared LEDs to produce a detailed and highly accurate analysis of both the anterior and posterior corneal surface – even under challenging circumstances such as non-rotationally symmetric corneas or a non-standard corneal ratio. It provides cataract surgeons with the insights needed to tailor their surgical plans and IOL selection, which in turn provides their patients with more comfort and better surgical outcomes. Featuring among others; anterior, posterior and total corneal astigmatism; higher order aberrations and topographic maps; pupil and iris morphology; ocular surface (tear film) dynamics; Cassini allows for careful Toric or Multifocal lens selection and surgery planning. Its connectivity to a wide range of surgical devices, like FLACS systems and surgical microscopes, facilitates precise IOL alignment and brings astigmatism management to the operating room.
An Overview of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Methods
Authors: Fam Han Bor
Published: July 2024

All methods and formulas developed to calculate the intraocular lens (IOL) power are described: historical methods, regression methods, theoretical formulas, thin and thick-lens formulas, ray-tracing, artificial intelligence methods and intraoperative aberrometry. The main characteristics of each approach are provided and a final classification of formulas and method is given.
Anterior Chamber Depth and IOL Calculations
Authors: Findl Oliver , Hirnschall Nino , Kronschläger Martin
Published: July 2024

The accurate prediction of postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) (intraocular lens (IOL) position) is important for accurate IOL power calculation. Different means to predict the postoperative ACD are discussed. Some of them are based on preoperative biometric measurements, while others can use intraoperative optical coherence tomography measurements of aphakic ACD. Whatever method is used the postoperative shift in ACD should be taken into account and possible factors like rhexis size, centering, and shape as well as patient factors such as zonule integrity and capsular shrinkage may also have an effect.
IOL Constant Optimization
Authors: Aristodemou Petros
Published: July 2024

Differences between IOL designs and biometry methods are sources of systematic error and can displace the average prediction error away from 0.0D. These require an adjustment of the IOL constant to reset the mean prediction error to 0.0D0.0D, so that the IOL formula can perform at its best. This review discusses the reasons why IOL constants may differ based on IOL characteristics and biometry method, as well as causes of erroneous estimation of IOL constants that should be taken into account. The chapter also describes various methodologies for optimizing IOL constants, from simple empirical methods to the conventional optimization approach by iteration using computerized spreadsheets. The code to perform these calculations is provided. The chapter ends by discussing the IOL power formulae with more than one constant and how these can be optimized.
Panacea IOL Calculator
Authors: Flikier David
Published: July 2024

The Panacea formula is a theoretical vergence thin lens formula that can calculate the spherical and toric intraocular lens (IOL) power. There are some relevant differences over other similar IOL formulas. The lens position algorithm is based on four biometric variables: axial length, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness. Keratometry is modified as a function of anterior to posterior curvature ratio to avoid errors in altered corneas. The axial length is transformed correcting the bias in extreme cases. The corneal power is optimized taking into account the asphericity and the anterior-to-posterior curvature ratio. Several studies have proved better results than other IOL formulas.
Astigmatism of the Cornea
Authors: Wang Li , Koch Douglas D.
Published: July 2024

Total corneal astigmatism is determined by both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Ignoring posterior corneal astigmatism may yield an incorrect estimation of total corneal astigmatism. Correcting corneal astigmatism based on only anterior corneal measurements could lead to overcorrection in eyes that have WTR astigmatism and undercorrection in eyes that have ATR astigmatism. The ATR change that occurs with aging should be taken into consideration at the time of cataract surgery. Devices with more accurate and repeatable anterior and posterior corneal measurements are desirable.
IOL Power Calculation in Keratoconus
Authors: Kane Jack X
Published: July 2024

The changes in the keratoconic cornea affect multiple aspects of IOL power calculation. The challenges with keratoconus are the corneal power measurement issues, the IOL formula calculation errors, and the difficulty in refraction. The different formulas used in keratoconus cases are compared. The Kane keratoconus formula utilises modified anterior corneal radii of the curvature that better represents the true anterior/posterior ratio in keratoconic eyes while also minimising the effect of corneal power on the ELP calculation. The Barrett True K formula for keratoconus incorporates the posterior corneal power and central corneal thickness to improve post-operative prediction. The SRK/T was better than all other conventional formulas.