bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the New Zealand Government in Restoring Peace and Unity After the Christchurch Tragedy
Authors: Dian ayu  , Herlina Juni Risma Saragih  , I Gede Sumertha KY  , Pujo Widodo
Published: September 2023

The role of the New Zealand government in restoring peace and unity after the Christchurch tragedy is an important matter to study. What is unique about the role of the country's government is that its response is inclusive and flexible, focusing on healing and progress rather than revenge. This study uses qualitative analysis methods, including data condensation, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusions. Data was obtained through literature study and interviews or interactive discussions during Overseas Work Lecture activities. This study aims to provide a description of the government's role in restoring peace and unity after the tragedy. The New Zealand government's response involved collaboration between three levels of the conceptual approach to peacebuilding proposed by Lederach in 1997. These levels include the Top-Level Approach, the Mid-Level Approach and the Grassroots Approach. The findings of this study are that the government's response included the Arms (Prohibited Firearms, Magazines and Parts) Amendment Bill, which became the Arms Legislation Bill on 23 June 2020 the Governor-General formally signed the Bill into law, and the implementation of the Christchurch Call, while the community provided support and initiatives for mental health and solidarity. This article also suggests that Indonesia can learn from New Zealand's response and recommends implementing a national security law. This research emphasizes the importance of coordination and collaboration between actors at various levels in building peace and unity after a tragedy.
ASEAN-EU Partnership: Historical Development and Prospects in the Context of Indonesia's ASEAN Chairmanship in 2023
Authors: Vătăman Dan*
Published: September 2023

This year we mark 46 years of ASEAN-EU partnership, a period during which the two parties have endeavoured to expand and diversify their relationship. Considering that the ASEAN’s relationship with EU was elevated to a Strategic Partnership in December 2020, the purpose of this study is to highlight the most important milestones in bilateral relations and also to analyse how this cooperation has contributed to developed a dynamic and multifaceted partnership which covers political, security, economic, environmental, climate and socio-cultural issues. To achieve this proposed goal, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used, using written data, but also logical or statistical observations to draw conclusions. As well, inductive reasoning conducted the research from the specific of the ASEAN-EU partnership to the general situations, while deductive reasoning allowed to make an inference by going from general premises to specific and relevant conclusions. Taking into account the Indonesia's ASEAN Chairmanship in 2023, the study also aims to emphasize the 30th ASEAN-EU Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting convened in Jakarta, on which occasion the both sides reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening ASEAN-EU cooperation and to uphold ASEAN centrality based on shared relevant fundamental principles of their respective Indo-Pacific approaches.
Human Resources Management in the Posture Development of the Indonesian National Armed Forces for National Defence
Authors: Philip Jeremia Sinaga  , Hikmat Zakky Almubaroq  , Agus Sudarya
Published: September 2023

Human resources are the most important assets possessed by every institution, from the lowest level of institutions to the highest level such as the state. The dynamics of an uncertain and complex strategic environment have an impact on the defense posture of the TNI, which continues to be demanded to be able to balance these dynamics. In the process, the development of the TNI's posture experienced many obstacles, so that the role of human resource management (HR) was needed in developing the posture of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) for national defense purposes. Through a qualitative approach and data collection from primary and secondary sources, this study analyzes various aspects of human resource management that are relevant in the context of the TNI. The results of this study indicate that there are still problems in every process of human resource management in the development of the TNI's posture, such as welfare, health services, and social security. Based on these problems, the role of human resource management is needed according to the needs and dynamics of the existing strategic environment. The findings of this journal can provide insight into how effective human resource management can influence national defense forces and enhance TNI capabilities.
Bawaslu Efforts In Preventing Election Violations To Dealing With Identity Politics In The Post Truth Era
Authors: Elsa Kristina Hutapea  , Puguh Santoso  , Halomoan Freddy Sitinjak Alexandra  , Achmed Sukendro  , Pujo Widodo
Published: September 2023

The role of Bawaslu in seeking supervision in order to prevent election violations for face identity politics. Especially in the development of technology to mass media so public must understand the Post Truth era and not get carried away with false news. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze Bawaslu in preventing future election violations. This article was formed by researchers by collecting data from various sources, such as journal articles, books, reports and other related sources. Results study this shows that though there are challenges that must be faced by Bawaslu but Bawaslu already has six strategies that are used as guidelines in preventing election violations especially deal with identity politics. Based on Justice's six strategies be prepared and carried out by Bawaslu has put forward the prevention of identity politics and is quite effective and can continue until after the election.
Strengthening Regional Security Through The Establishment Of The Asean Counter Terrorism And Peacekeeping Task Force Led By Indonesia In Collaboration With The United States
Authors: Yulian Tri Saptono  , I Gede Sumertha  , Halomoan Freddy Sitinjak Alexandra  , Pujo Widodo
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the Southeast Asian region has witnessed an increase in terrorism threats, posing significant challenges to its security and stability. To address this pressing issue, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has taken a proactive approach by establishing the ASEAN Counter Terrorism and Peacekeeping Task Force. This research aims to explore the formation of this task force, with a specific focus on Indonesia's key role in cooperation with the United States, and assess its impact on strengthening regional security. The main objective of this research is to examine the reasons behind the establishment of the ASEAN Counter Terrorism and Peacekeeping Task Force and understand the factors that underlie Indonesia's selection as the leading sector. Using qualitative research methods, this study seeks to gather insights into the motivations, strategies, and goals of this collaborative effort. The research findings will elucidate the importance of the ASEAN Counter Terrorism and Peacekeeping Task Force, where Indonesia plays a crucial role as the leading sector in maintaining regional security stability in ASEAN, collaborating with the United States. Through close partnership with the United States, Indonesia has the potential to become the leading sector in the ASEAN Counter Terrorism and Peacekeeping Task Force.
Advancing Resilience and Fostering Sustainable Development through Strategic Investments in Cutting-Edge Technology and Innovative Methodologies for Disaster Risk Reduction: Japan Experiences
Authors: Naura Lulu Farhanrika  , Sarpono Sarpono , Kusuma Kusuma , Pujo Widodo
Published: September 2023

This research paper explores Japan's experiences in advancing resilience and fostering sustainable development through strategic investments in cutting-edge technology and innovative methodologies for disaster risk reduction. Japan, a country prone to natural disasters, has developed a comprehensive approach that encompasses strong governance, continuous learning, community empowerment, public awareness, and international collaboration. Through a mixed-method research methodology incorporating qualitative and quantitative analyses, this study examines Japan's robust disaster risk reduction framework and the role of cutting-edge technology in mitigating the impacts of hazards. The findings highlight Japan's multi-hazard approach, stringent building codes, and resilient infrastructure, which have significantly reduced disaster risks. The integration of innovative methodologies, such as community empowerment and early recovery planning, has fostered resilience at the grassroots level. Furthermore, the research showcases Japan's use of advanced technologies including early warning systems, remote sensing, and geospatial technologies. The lessons learned from Japan's experiences provide valuable insights for countries seeking to enhance their disaster risk reduction efforts and promote sustainable development. By investing in cutting-edge technology and adopting innovative methodologies, countries can effectively reduce disaster risks, build resilience, and foster sustainable development in the face of evolving challenges and hazards.
Adapatation of Digital Marketing Activation After the COVID-19 Pandemic at Anantara Seminyak Bali Resort
Authors: Hilda Kosasih  , Gabriela Felicita Putri Kurniadi  , Flavia Maharani Yunazar
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the digital marketing activation in the hotel industry in Bali as their adaptation to consumer behavior post-COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted by qualitative descriptive with a study case approach to know the digital marketing adaptation applied by Anantara Seminyak Bali Resort in dealing with digital consumers. Through this study, the researchers found that Anantara Seminyak Bali Resort has adapted digital marketing to the stages of digital consumer behavior after the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Role Of Indonesian Women Soldiers As Peacekeeping Operations (Women Peacekeeper) In Maintaining World Peace
Authors: Muhammad Adham Pradhana  , Bambang Wahyudi  , Yulian Azhari  , Pujo Widodo
Published: September 2023

After the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 in 2000, the United Nations (UN) created the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) mandate to promote gender equality and enable women's full participation in global security and peacekeeping efforts. The aim of this mandate is to ensure that women have equal access to opportunities, resources, and services, as well as the ability to participate in decision-making processes, in order to build and maintain peace and security. This research aims to analyze the role of the Indonesian Women's Army as Women Peacekeepers in maintaining world peace. In an increasingly complex era of globalization, conflicts and threats to global peace are on the rise. Involving more women in peacekeeping operations is expected to make a significant contribution to maintaining stability and world peace. The research methodology used is a qualitative approach with literature study and analysis of secondary data. This study analyzes the role of the Indonesian Women's Army in peacekeeping operations. The findings of this research indicate that the Indonesian Women's Army, as Women Peacekeepers, play a crucial role in maintaining world peace. They not only contribute to the maintenance of physical security but also play a significant role in empowering women and children, addressing cases of sexual violence, and advocating for gender equality.
Separatism In The Perspective Of International Law And National Security: A Case Study Of The Armed Criminal Group (Kkb) In Papua
Authors: Chehafni Damanik  , Panji Suwarno  , Bayu Asih Yulianto  , Pujo Widodo  , Herlina Juni Risma Saragih
Published: September 2023

The separatist movement in Papua, known as the Armed Criminal Group (KKB), has been a phenomenon in recent years. The KKB is a group of armed individuals advocating for the independence of West Papua from Indonesia. They engage in a series of activities including attacks on security forces, extortion, facility burnings, and human rights violations. Addressing the separatist movement of the KKB in Papua involves efforts to resolve the conflict peacefully, promote dialogue, strengthen regional autonomy, and address the root causes of the conflict. Long-term solutions require collaboration between the Indonesian government, Papuan community leaders, and separatist groups willing to adopt peaceful political approaches and respect international law. This paper will investigate the issue of separatism in the context of international law, focusing on the case study of the armed criminal group in Papua. The research aims to analyze the international legal responses to separatist movements that employ violence and illegal methods to achieve their goals, involving the analysis of international law concerning state sovereignty, human rights, and enforcement of international law. The data used in this study includes international legal instruments in decision-making.
The Establishment And Development Of Diplomatic Relations And Partnership Between European Union And The Philippines
Authors: Vataman Dan
Published: September 2023

Considering the dynamic developments in the EU-Philippines partnership, the main purpose of this study is to clarify some aspects regarding the establishment of bilateral relations and also to highlight the concerted efforts made by both sides to become reliable partners. In this connection, the research undertaken has been focused on efforts made to negotiate and adopt the final form of the EU-Philippines Framework Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation, a document which provides an enhanced legal framework. In order to achieve this objective, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. A special attention was also paid to the negotiations for the future EU-Philippines Free Trade Agreement, a legal act which would aid the two parties in achieving mutually beneficial economic goals. To realise this proposed aim, inductive reasoning conducted the research from the specific of the EU-Philippines partnership to the general situations, while deductive reasoning allowed to make an inference by going from general premises to specific conclusions. The research highlighted the Romania-Philippines friendship and the support provided by Romania as an EU Member State in the process of strengthening EU-Philippines relations. To achieve this goal, comparative and analytical methods were used for interpreting information and reach relevant conclusions.
Implementation of the SIWI Learning Strategy to Encourage Deaf Students' Writing Skills At Extraordinary School (SLB) Lamongan
Authors: Khoirul Huda  , Oikurema Purwati  , Pratiwi Retnaningdyah
Published: September 2023

This article focuses on answering questions regarding the SIWI implementation strategy for deaf children in Lamongan. This is because there are deaf children in the Lamongan SLB school who have difficulty receiving teacher instructions so that it is more difficult to learn to write. Given the importance of writing for deaf students, of course the teacher must find a solution, one of which can be using the SIWI strategy to spur deaf students' writing skills. So in this article we will look at the implementation of the SIWI strategy by classroom teachers to improve the writing skills of deaf students. This research is a type of qualitative research using a phenomenological approach. This aims to photograph the SIWI implementation strategy in Lamongan SLB. Data collection in this study used two techniques, namely interviews and field observations. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of applying the SIWI strategy in class during the learning process at SL Lamongan and indications that SIWI can be applied properly so as to encourage the improvement of deaf students' ability to write.
Synergy Of Village-Owned Enterprises And Local Product-Based Umkm In Tourist Villages In Border Areas Indonesia - Timor Leste
Authors: Yohana Febiani Angi  , Sarlin Paleina Nawa Pau
Published: September 2023

The MSME sector is an economic milestone for villages in border areas. As one of the two countries' border crossings, tourist villages on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border have great potential in developing their business scale which can provide income not only for MSMEs, but for Border Village Original Income (PADes). However, the problem is that MSME actors in these border villages are still hampered in terms of capital, technological innovation, workforce expertise and marketing systems. On the other hand, the existence of Bumdes can be a solution to the problems faced by MSME actors. In this study, researchers will look for the root of the problems faced by MSMEs and BUMDes by conducting interviews with MSME actors, Village Heads and BumDes Management in 3 (Three) Border Villages, namely: Duarato Village, Tohe Village and Siwalan Village in Belu District. Then formulate policy priorities that must be implemented by the Village Government and BUMDes in order to move MSMEs through qualitative analysis techniques. The research results show that: (1) Business Environment Aspects; the importance of maintaining the surrounding environment so that it remains safe and conducive in supporting business development (2) Capital Aspects; access to capital from non-bank parties and from cooperatives to business actors (3) employment aspect; Local governments need to provide training facilities for workers. (4) Information Technology Aspects; every business actor has mastery of technology including mastery of banking digitization (5) Marketing Aspect; the importance of marketing training for business actors to maintain business continuity. The final implication of this research is the realization of BUMDes goals in driving the village economy. In addition, with the existence of the BUMDes program that supports MSMEs, it is hoped that it will be able to increase the business scale of MSMEs and Village Original Income (PADes) for tourist villages on the border of Indonesia - Timor Leste.
Popularity Abracadabra and Communication Ethics on Social Media (A Study of Rhetoric on the Content of YouTube Account @Kaesang)
Authors: Mustaqim Andika
Published: September 2023

Communication ethics is an important factor for a politician in conveying content on social media. Ethics is also a guide in gaining popularity, especially for politicians who want to fight for power. This study aims to examine the ethics of communication on Kaesang Pangarep's YouTube account. Using Habermas's (1984) communication ethics approach, this study examines the various approaches to popularity-based communication ethics by Kaesang. By using a qualitative approach, content analysis is a research method that is applied with an emphasis on descriptive. This research finds many novelties in the study of communication ethics. Kaesang adheres to communication ethics such as communicative action and dramaturgical approach. Kaesang also displays honesty by showing originality as an effort to construct legitimacy. Then, the research states that there is no violation of the validity of the truth, determination and honesty that Kaesang. To apply communication ethics, this study reveals the popularity of abracadabra by Kaesang, namely using caution in rhetoric and polite language style
Lesson Learn The Leadership Period of Admiral Keumalahayati for the Development of Maritime Defense Strategy
Authors: Anis Nur Laily  , Agus Adriyanto  , Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Published: September 2023

Aceh is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is located at the tip of Sumatra Island. History records that Aceh has a strategic position which is the starting point for trade from the sea. Both national and international traders use Aceh as a transportation route. The maritime history of the Kingdom of Aceh can be preserved and published, such as the story of Admiral Keumalahayati. The purpose of this research is to take lessons from the story of Admiral Keumalahayati's leadership for the development of a maritime defense strategy. This study uses qualitative methods and uses a socio-political approach to determine the character of leadership and historical methods to determine the journey of Admiral Keumalahayati's leadership. The results showed that Admiral Keumalahayati had been the leader of the Inong Bale Troop (widow woman), conducting diplomacy with countries that wanted to cooperate with the Kingdom of Aceh. Admiral Keumalahayati was the first female warlord to become the navy leader of the Kingdom of Aceh. This maritime history ultimately has a significant role in overcoming several problems related to Indonesia's position as the world's maritime axis country.
A Study of Burnout Amongst Doctors at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Simuyemba Moses C. , Mathole Thubelile
Published: September 2023

Background: Stress among health care workers is a subject that has received much attention worldwide. However, there have been few studies that address the issue of work-related stress among health care workers in Africa and in Zambia in particular. There was an urgent need to study burnout at the University Teaching Hospital in order to have concrete evidence for planning and policy purposes in order to help address some of the human resource for health problems in Zambia. This study sought to measure the levels of work-related burnout among doctors at the University Teaching Hospital and to investigate associated factors.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected by means of a self-administered survey using Maslach  Burnout Inventory provided by mindgarden.com. Data analysis was done using guidelines as set out in the Maslach  Burnout Inventory manual using Epi-info software. Cross tabulations and chi-square and statistical analysis tests were  done in order to establish whether there were any statistically significant associations between levels of burnout and other variables such as sex, age, seniority, department and marital status, among others.

Results: More than half, 54.4.%, of doctors studied at the University Teaching Hospital experienced average or high levels of emotional exhaustion with 44.8% experiencing average or high levels of depersonalisation and 66.4% experiencing average or low levels of personal accomplishment. Personal accomplishment was the subscale with the highest indication of burnout, followed by emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. There were no significant associations between demographic and individual work factors studied and burnout levels.

Conclusions: Burnout levels are significant at the University Teaching Hospital. There were no significant associations between demographic and individual work factors studied and burnout levels. This study has highlighted that burnout is a problem that needs to be addressed at the hospital and further investigation is required to assess what factors maybe contributing to it, particularly those related to the work environment, since personal and demographiccharacteristics did not show any associations to burnout.
Enhancing Mental Health Care through ‘Therapeutic Art' in Zambia
Authors: Sheikh Waqas Ahmed , Hill L A , Lyambai K
Published: September 2023

Background: Mental health care needs a range of inputs to maximise opportunities for effective outcomes. In Zambia, like many developing countries, mental health care is largely limited to pharmacological approaches. In efforts to addressthis gap a Scottish NGO 'Zambia Therapeutic Art' (ZTA) developed and implemented 'The Zambia Therapeutic Art Course' for Mental Health Professionals (The ZTA Course, MHPs).

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and sustainability of The ZTA Course.

Methods: A mixed methods approach was used: Evaluation questionnaires were administered to 26 MHPs on completion  of the course in Lusaka and Livingstone; of these, 12 were interviewed 6 months post-course. Data was analysed thematically.

Results: All 26 MHP trainees, who completed questionnaires, reported an increase in useful skills with 63% reporting imptovements in communication and relationship building with patients during the experiential training. All 12MHPs trainees interviewed 6 months post-course had used Therapeutic Art (TA) skills in their work; 75 % clearly demonstrated their capacity to understand and implement the practice and felt the training was sufficient to do this. The applicability of the course to other health settings and special education was widely noted. Perceived challengesgoing forward included lack of resources and support systems.

Conclusion: The ZTA Course has much potential to improve mental health care in Zambia by addressing the current gap in provision of psychosocial approaches. Increasing patients' ability to communicate with MHPs through using artenabled better therapeutic relationships; improving MHPs understanding of their patients and their difficulties and supporting patients' empowerment and recovery.
Prevalence of Sports Betting Addictive Disorder Among the Medical Students at the University of Zambia in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Sheikh Waqas Ahmed , Sakala C , Paul R , Dalal N
Published: September 2023

Background: Non substance related abuse disorder also known as behavioral addiction does not involve the ingestion of a substance but has similar effects as alcohol and drug addiction. Examples are gambling, sexual addiction, internet addiction, and compulsive shopping. There are different forms of gambling and among them sports betting is the fast growing type of commercial gambling. In Zambia, sports betting has become popular among the students. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of sports betting on medical students at Ridgeway Campus of University of Zambia.Objective: To determine the prevalence of sports betting among students at the University of Zambia, Ridgeway campus.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 undergraduate medical students studying at University of Zambia and staying at Ridgeway Campus. Data was collected using questionnaires which were administered on randomly selected participants. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel Sheets and data was analyzedusing SPSS.

Results: 71% of the participants agreed to have placed a bet (wager) before and 29% had never betted before. 56% of the participants preferred online betting, 2% preferred physical placing of a bet, and 13% used both online and physical betting while 29% of the participants never betted.

Conclusion: Sports betting is the fast growing gambling industry. The percentage of respondents who bet at Ridgeway campus was found to be 71% and those who don't bet 29% according to the study. Students continued to engage themselves in betting despite having the knowledge that sports betting is a form of gambling and it is an addictive disorder.
Psychosocial Correlates of Menopausal Symptoms among Women in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Olarinoye J. K , Olagbaye B. A , Olarinoye A. O , Makanjuola A. B
Published: September 2023

Background: The increasing rate of social involvement among African women has made menopause of high concern today. The aim of this study was to identify some psychosocial factors that determine how severely women in Ilorin, Nigeria perceive menopausal symptoms.

Method: Women who attained menopause naturally between 40-60 years of age were interviewed using structured questionnaires to obtain certain demographic and psychosocial information following informed consent. Perception ofmenopausal symptoms was assessed using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). The psychosocial parameters were then correlated with MRS scores.Data were analysed using SPSS software version 22.Associations between categorical variables were tested using the chi-square (÷2), the student-t test was used for the continuous variables (p <0.05) while linear regression was used to identify independent determinants.

Results: Three hundred and eighty-five women aged 51.3±0.3 years on the average participated in the study, 331(86%) were Yoruba, 16 (4.2%) were Ibo, 3 (0.8%) Hausa and 35 (9%) were of other ethnic minorities. The total Menopause rating score was 14.02±0.44 out of a maximum score of 44 which indicated a generally mild perception. Joint pain((1.77±0.16) was however the most perceived symptom. There is a significant association between all the psychosocial parameters assessed and MRS scores (p < 0.05). However societal support was the only independent determinant of menopause severity.

Conclusion: Social support is by far the most important determinant of menopausal symptom severity in our study subjects. Effort to enhance social support in Nigeria will help the women cope better with menopausal symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.
Medical Students' Awareness of the Role of Physiotherapy in Healthcare at the University of Zambia-Ridgeway Campus
Authors: Zangata Chinyemba , Chalwe Martha Banda , Mumba Mary S. S
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The main objective of this research was to determine the University of Zambia medical students' awareness of the role of physiotherapy in health care at Ridgeway Campus, School of Medicine.

Methods: This study was a descriptive crosssectional study. One hundred and fifty-two medical students of the University of Zambia participated in this study. Participants were recruited using simple random sampling. Each student completed a selfadministered questionnaire that obtained information on demographics, awareness of role of physiotherapists and educational sources of information. Chi-square test was used to analyze differences in awareness by gender and year ofstudy.

Results: The results showed that there were more males (n=92; 60.5%) than females (n=60; 39.5%).The majority of participants were within the age range of 25–31 years (n=116; 76.3%). Although rates of awareness regarding some physiotherapy roles were high, many of the medical students were unaware that physiotherapists are capable of establishing diagnoses. About 83.6% (n=127) of the students also viewed the role of physiotherapists inthe health team as one of providing assistance for medical work. Clinical ward rounds were identified as the most common source of information on physiotherapy. Year of study resulted in a significantly different level of awareness (p<0.05) with a higher proportion of sixth-year students exhibiting awareness of physiotherapists' roles.

Conclusion: The study revealed that medical students have low levels of awareness regarding the role of the Physiotherapists as related to the role of the medical doctors. Therefore, there is a need for physiotherapists to educate medical students about various specialties of physiotherapy like women's health, industrial health, cardiopulmonarydysfunction, and geriatrics physiotherapy
Surgical Management of Typhoid Ileum Perforations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Patel Azad , Kelly Paul , Mulenga Mulewa
Published: September 2023

Background: Typhoid is a disease caused by a gram negative bacterium Salmonella typhi. Prolonged infection leads to necrosis in the Peyer's patches of the antimesenteric border of bowel leading to intestinal perforation. Various surgical procedures have been described for the treatment of these perforations. Typhoid intestinal perforations are still associated with high case fatality rates averaging 15.4%.

Objective: To identify current surgical management options for typhoid ileal perforations and to describe the best surgical management in relation to mortality and complications.

Methods: A systematic review was done using PRISMA guidelines. Common search terms used were typhoid perforation/typhoid ileal perforation management. A narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies structured around the type of intervention, target population characteristics, types of outcome and intervention content was done.

Results: Primary closure of ileal perforations was the most commonly performed procedure.Ileostomy is the choice of surgery for severe abdominal contamination and when the patient has poor general health. Most studies found mortalities and complications to be unrelated to surgical procedure done. Mortality was significantlyassociated with the number of perforations and abdominal contamination.

Conclusions: Individual studies support particular surgical interventions but the review showed that complications and mortality are not related to the type of surgical intervention alone but to a number of other non-surgical factors. There is need for further level 1 studies on this topic.
SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT ON THE INAUGURAL RESEARCH AND MENTORSHIP SYMPOSIUM FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS AND JUNIOR DOCTORS IN ZAMBIA
Authors: Association Zambia Medical
Published: September 2023

Volume 46 Number 4 Suplement - SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT ON THE INAUGURAL RESEARCH AND MENTORSHIP SYMPOSIUM FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS AND JUNIOR DOCTORS IN ZAMBIA
Cognitive Autopsy of a Fatal Diagnostic Error
Authors: Besa Chola , Chongo G , Cooper N
Published: September 2023

Background: Diagnostic error is a significant cause of preventable harm worldwide and diagnostic errors have been identified as a high priority patient safety problem by the World Health Organization. Research shows thatdiagnostic error occurs mainly due to system failures and 'cognitive errors' – that is, failure to synthesise all the available information. There is a worldwide consensus that medical schools and postgraduate training programmes rarely teachthe diagnostic process and related decision making (clinical reasoning) in a way that is explicit, systematic and consistent with what is known from research.

Materials and methods: This paper presents a short case report and analyses it from a clinical reasoning perspective – performing a 'cognitive autopsy' of a fatal diagnostic error.

Results: Clinicians make cognitive shortcuts through pattern recognition and this is highly accurate most of the time. However, shortcuts sometimes go wrong and these are termed 'cognitive biases'. Cognitive biases are subconscious errors of judgement or perception and common examples include 'anchoring', 'the framing effect', 'search satisficing 'and' confirmation biases. These errors are more likely when clinicians are fatigued or cognitively overloaded, and when systems are not designed to mitigate human errors.

Conclusions: There is a vast literature on clinical reasoning, 'human factors', and reflection during decision making that show us how we can reduce diagnostic error in our everyday practice. This paper attempts to highlight some of the key findings in the literature that will hopefully encourage readers to explore the patient safety and clinical reasoning literature for themselves and work together to improve outcomes for patients.
Analyzing and Designing Public Aspiration Category and Data Information System through Agile Scrum Approach
Authors: Azhar Firyal
Published: September 2023

Bappeda Malang City has problems in the implementation of community aspirations data collection which results in difficulty seeing the latest aspirations data and the long flow of data collection. In this case, the authors conducted an analysis and design of a web-based community aspirations data collection system which would make it easier for Bappeda to collect data on aspirations. This web-based aspiration data collection system will make it easier for Bappeda to see the actual aspirations conveyed by the community. The method in analyzing and designing a web-based data collection and categorization system with the Laravel 9 framework uses the scrum method with various customized activities. The process of activities carried out to produce the aspirational data collection system included condition analysis and data collection, system design, and system implementation. The process in this study goes through the stages of system design, which includes scrum (product backlog, sprints, scrum meetings) and also business design (flowchart diagrams, use case diagrams, ERD diagrams). The results obtained in this study are of good value and can be used after carrying out user testing carried out at the system implementation stage.
Impact of Pico Technology in Bandgap Engineering
Authors: Srivani Dr. Alla , Ramesh Dr. P. , Rao M. Srinivasa
Published: September 2023

The automotive industry's use of lubricants is another area where pico technology has applications. Rudenko outlined the application of nano materials for reducing atomic-scale wear and tear. Engine wear and tear have been greatly reduced by using graphene, one of the most promising materials in a variety of industries, as a lubricant. Because of its structure at the nanoscale, graphene has made significant strides in reducing friction. The synthesis of materials with distinct properties might be possible through atomic-scale manipulation. One side of a lubricant, for instance, might be chemically active, while the other might be inert. As a result, there would be less friction on both sides and one side would be able to adhere to materials with ease.
Impact of Organizational Justice on Organizational Effectiveness among the Employees of a Public Sector Organization in Kochi
Authors: S Dr. Shobita P.
Published: September 2023

The objective of the study is to identify the impact of organizational justice on organizational effectiveness among the employees of a Public Sector Organization in Kochi. Organizational Justice has acknowledged excessive attention from researchers and it has become a normal subject in the field of industrial/organizational psychology. However, only a few research studies have been carried out to find the fundamental statement that organizational justice can improve the effectiveness of organizations. This empirical study was undertaken in the city of Kochi during the last quarter of 2022. A sample of 114 employees participated in the study. Data were collected by administering questionnaires through Google Forms, and e-mails and were analyzed with statistical tools. Results showed that there is a moderate positive correlation between Organizational Justice and organizational effectiveness. This research paper enhances the understanding of the Organizational Justice of the employees in the public sector organization of Kochi. Inferences from the findings were discussed and suggestions were given.
Evaluasi Penataan Fasilitas dan Lanskap di Restaurant Beresiko Menengah Rendah Berbasis Permenparekraf 4/2021: Kasus di Teras Sejiwa Café Medan
Authors: Nababan Angelika , Liyushiana  , Bakkara Afrildo , Damanik Melisma , Denny Agustinus
Published: September 2023

Latar Belakang :

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi penataan fasilitas dan lanskap di Teras Sejiwa Café Medan, sebuah restoran beresiko menengah rendah, berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif nomor 4 Tahun 2021 mengenai Standar Kegiatan Usaha Pada Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Sektor Pariwisata. Pertumbuhan pesat industri pariwisata dan sektor ekonomi kreatif di Kota Medan menuntut peningkatan keberlanjutan operasional dan daya saing restoran tersebut. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini mencakup penilaian kesesuaian operasional Teras Sejiwa Café Medan dengan standar yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif nomor 4 Tahun 2021, serta usulan penataan lanskap yang sesuai berdasarkan hasil evaluasi. Evaluasi tersebut akan mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan dalam penataan fasilitas dan operasional restoran, serta memastikan kepatuhan terhadap persyaratan hukum yang berlaku.

Metodologi:

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif atau deskriptif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi sesuai dengan pedoman Permenparekraf No. 4/2021. Selain itu, alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah AutoCAD, sebuah program CAD yang populer dan digunakan secara luas dalam perancangan penataan lanskap.

Temuan:

Dalam penilaian kesesuaian dengan benchmark Standar Kegiatan Usaha Pada Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Sektor Pariwisata, diketahui bahwa Teras Sejiwa Café belum memenuhi kriteria persyaratan khusus berupa keberadaan sertifikat laik hygiene sanitasi. Persyaratan standar sarana usaha, struktur organisasi dan SDM, serta standar pengelolaan usaha masih ada beberapa kriteria yang belum dipenuhi. Sedangkan untuk standar standar pelayanan dan standar persyaratan produk sudah dipenuhi seluruhnya. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian keseuaian tersebut, maka usulan penataan desain difokuskan pada optimalisasi ruang belakang, ruang kosong dan upaya membangun karakteristik kafe.

Kesimpulan:

Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang tingkat kesesuaian operasional Teras Sejiwa Café Medan dengan standar yang berlaku, serta usulan penataan lanskap yang dapat meningkatkan pengalaman pengunjung, menciptakan lingkungan yang menarik, dan meningkatkan keselamatan serta keamanan di dalam restoran. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam mengoptimalkan pengalaman pengunjung, meningkatkan daya saing restoran, dan mendukung pertumbuhan sektor pariwisata dan ekonomi kreatif di Kota Medan.

Kata kunci : penataan lanskap, penilaian kesesuaian, permenparekraf 4/2021, restoran menengah rendah, kebijakan pariwisata
Tantangan dan Strategi Pengelolaan Desa Wisata: Perspektif Peserta Pelatihan Pariwisata
Authors: Junaid Ilham
Published: September 2023

Latar Belakang :

Peserta pelatihan pariwisata adalah stakeholder pariwisata yang dapat berkontribusi dalam pengelolaan desa wisata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) menguraikan tantangan atau hambatan pengelolaan desa wisata berdasarkan pandangan peserta pelatihan pariwisata; 2) mengusulkan strategi pengelolaan desa wisata. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan teori institusi (institutional theory) dalam menganalisis pandangan peserta pelatihan pariwisata.

Metodologi:

Penelitian ini memanfaatkan data kualitatif dari peserta pelatihan pariwisata melalui aplikasi WhatsApp. Penulis sebagai fasilitator pada pelatihan pariwisata dasar yang dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2023.

Temuan:

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik internal kelembagaan, rendahnya kualitas SDM dan kesadaran masyarakat, keterbatasan anggaran dan legalitas kelembagaan adalah tantangan yang dihadapi oleh lembaga pariwisata (Pokdarwis) dalam mengelola desa wisata. Penelitian ini mengusulkan strategi pengelolaan desa wisata, yakni, 1) pentingnya inisiasi kelembagaan local di tingkat perdesaan; 2) adanya tokoh (pemimpin) yang menerapkan kepemimpinan efektif bidang pariwisata, 3) penguatan sinergi stakeholder; 4) pengelolaan desa melalui prinsip pemenuhan kebutuhan wisatawan; dan 5) kapasitas anggota Pokdarwis dalam mengelola sumber daya pariwisata.

Kesimpulan:

Penelitian ini memperkuat teori kelembagaan (institutional theory) bahwa lembaga di suatu destinasi pariwisata akan dapat berjalan dengan baik melalui peran bersama dari stakeholder yang ada di perdesaan.
Kajian Potensi Desa Wisata Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Alternatif di Lombok Tengah
Authors: Reza Reza Kurniawan Abka , Murdana I Made Murdana
Published: September 2023

Latar Belakang:

Desa Wisata merupakan suatu konsep wisata alternatif yang menekankan pada partisipasi aktif masyarakat. Dalam konsep ini, masyarakat lokal menjadi bagian integral dalam perencanaan, pengembangan dan pengelolaan destinasi wisata. Desa Wisata bertujuan untuk menciptakan dampak positif yang bertahan lama seperti meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Desa Wisata Bonjeruk saat ini menjadi desa wisata rintisan yang mulai dikujungi oleh wisatawan. Hanya saja dibutuhkan inventarisir khususnya kondisi aktual yang terkait dengan 5 A (Atraksi, Aksesibilitas, Amenitas, Akomodasi, Aktivitas) agar diketahui pada aspek mana yang akan dijadikan sebagai kekuatan dalam pengembangan Desa Wisata Bonjeruk kedepannya.

Metodologi:

Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan ini dinilai sangat cocok untuk tujuan penelitian yang dimana mengidentifikasi ketersediaan produk wisata. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni tahun 2023. Berlokasi di Desa Wisata Bonjeruk, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah observasi partisipasi dan wawancara mendalam kepada pengelola dan masyarakat di yang ada di Desa Wisata Bonjeruk

Temuan:

Dari kelima aspek (Atraksi, Aksesibilitas, Amenitas, Akomodasi, Aktivitas), Desa Wisata Bonjeruk memiliki manajemen pengelolaan desa yang terkelola dengan baik namun perlu juga untuk dilakukan pengembangan agar dapat mendukung aktifitas wisata dengan maksimal.

Kesimpulan:

Desa Wisata Bonjeruk menjadi salah satu desa wisata yang dikategorikan sebagai desa wisata rintisan. Produk pariwisata yang dimiliki oleh Desa Wisata Bonjeruk antara lain atraksi wisata baik itu alam maupun budaya. Namun yang menjadi kekuatan utamanya adalah budaya khususnya dibidang kuliner. Aksesibilitas menuju ke Desa Wisata Bonjeruk dinilai sudah cukup memadai. Amenitas yang tersedia dinilai telah memadai, mulai dari warung, tempat parkir, mushollah dan fasilitas pendukung aktifitas wisatawan lainnya. Untuk akomodasi hanya tersedia homestay yang merupakan rumah warga dalam jumlah yang terbatas. Adapun untuk aktifitas terdapat banyak jenis aktifitas yang dapat dilakukan mulai dari bersepda keliling desa, mengikuti life cooking, melihat pembuatan tenun dan kopi serta mengendarai cidomo.

Kata kunci: Manejemen Pengelolaan, Desa Wisata Bonjeruk, Daya Tarik Wisatawan
The Concept of Nationalism and its Development in Vietnam
Authors: Khanh Lai Quoc , Trang Ngo Thi Huyen
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study aims to analyze the development and transformation of the Vietnamese identity through interactions with other countries and examines the significance of the north-south identity. Central to this research is the exploration of nationalism, its development, and implementation in Vietnam.
 
Method: The research adopts a comprehensive approach that includes a literature review, historical analysis, and utilization of various data sources. A comparative study is conducted to contrast the North and South regions, considering their political ideologies, in-group favoritism, and challenges encountered in promoting nationalism. External factors' influence on nationalism is also examined, focusing on the roles of China, America, and France and Marxist ideology in shaping Vietnamese identity.
 
Results: Vietnamese nationalism has its own characteristics that have been formed and formed through thousands of years of fighting for and keeping national independence and national sovereignty. Only a proper understanding of Vietnamese nationalism could be explained why in the past, the Vietnamese people still existed with their own identities after 1000 years of Northern domination with the strong assimilation policy of the Chinese feudal government, and in modern times from the Geneva Agreement (1954) until its collapse on April 30, 1975, the government of the Republic of Vietnam always claimed to be the embodiment of "nationalism" but was rejected and failed by the Vietnamese people themselves, while the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam has always been considered communist - in the sense of non-nationalism - and won the nation's support, completing the great cause of liberation of the South and reunification of the country.
 
Conclusions: This research underscores the profound impact of external influences on Vietnam's orientation and translation of nationalism. The study emphasizes the continuing evolution of Vietnamese identity and its relevance in the broader global context. Understanding the development and transformation of the Vietnamese identity is essential for comprehending the dynamics of nationalism and cultural interaction in contemporary Vietnam. The insights gained from this research contribute to a broader understanding of how a nation's identity can be influenced and shaped by interactions with other as well as political ideologies that have influenced the world in each era.