bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Anomalous Temperature-Induced Emission Shift in MOCVD-grown (Al, In)GaN Thin Films
Authors: Cho Yong-Hoon , Gainer G. H. , Lam J. B. , Song J. J. , Yang W , Jhe W.
Published: April 2019

We present a comprehensive study of the optical characteristics of (Al, In)GaN epilayers measured by photoluminescence (PL), integrated PL intensity, and time-resolved PL spectroscopy. For not only InGaN, but also AlGaN epilayers with large Al content, we observed an anomalous PL temperature dependence: (i) an “S-shaped” PL peak energy shift (decrease-increase-decrease) and (ii) an “inverted S-shaped” full width at half maximum (FWHM) change (increase-decrease-increase) with increasing temperature. Based on time-resolved PL, the S shape (inverted S shape) of the PL peak position (FWHM) as a function of temperature, and the much smaller PL intensity decrease in the temperature range showing the anomalous emission behavior, we conclude that strong localization of carriers occurs in InGaN and even in AlGaN with rather high Al content. We observed that the following increase with increasing Al content in AlGaN epilayers: (i) a Stokes shift between the PL peak energy and the absorption edge, (ii) a redshift of the emission with decay time, (iii) the deviations of the PL peak energy, FWHM, and PL intensity from their typical temperature dependence, and (iv) the corresponding temperature range of the anomalous emission behavior. This indicates that the band-gap fluctuation responsible for these characteristics is due to energy tail states caused by non-random inhomogeneous alloy potential variations enhanced with increasing Al content.
Development of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Photonic Device Structures by Excimer Laser Micromachining
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Lukitsch Michael , Xu Jie , Auner Gregory , Niak Ratna , Kuo Pao-Kuang
Published: April 2019

Excimer laser ablation rates of Si (111) and AlN films grown on Si (111) and r-plane sapphire substrates were determined. Linear dependence of ablation rate of Si (111) substrate, sapphire and AlN thin films were observed. Excimer laser micromachining of the AlN thin films on silicon (111) and SiC substrates were micromachined to fabricate a waveguide structure and a pixilated structure. This technique resulted in clean precise machining of AlN with high aspect ratios and straight walls.
A damage-reduced process revealed by photoluminescence in photoelectrochemical etching GaN
Authors: Hwang J. M. , Hsieh J. T. , Hwang H. L. , Hung W. H.
Published: April 2019

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching technique has been proven to be an effective method to etch GaN. Despite its success, investigations on etching-induced damage are still scare. In this work, the damage induced by PEC etching of GaN in KOH electrolyte was studied. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to explore the origin of etching-induced damaged layer. From the variable temperature PL measurements, the origin of etching-induced damage was attributed to be the defect complex of VGa-ON (gallium vacancy bonds to oxygeon on nitrogen antisite). With determination of the defect origin, the electronic transition in the etch damage-related yellow luminescence (YL) band was suggested to be deep donor-like state to shallow-acceptor transition. In addition, a post-treatment method with boiled KOH chemical etching was developed to remove the thin damaged layer. In this method, crystallographic etching characteristics of boiled KOH was observed to assist in the formation of smooth sidewall facets. As revealed by the reduction of yellow luminescence, we propose this novel technique as a near damage-free etching method.
Performance of loose sand with different waste materials in stone columns in North Cyprus
Authors: Alnunu Mahdi Z , Nalbantoglu Zalihe
Published: April 2019

Stone columns are used to enhance the bearing capacity of poor ground and reduce the compressibility of soft clays. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of stone columns with different waste materials on the performance of loose sand in North Cyprus. The study provides guidelines for the selection of the most effective and economical material for stone column construction. In this study, waste materials from different construction sites were selected: shredded bricks, crushed waste stone and crushed old concrete. The stone columns were constructed with these waste materials. Load–settlement responses of the unreinforced and reinforced soils with a single stone column and a group of stone columns constructed with these waste materials were determined under the same loading conditions. The obtained results showed a very good improvement in the settlement behaviour of the loose sand. As a conclusion, local waste building materials can be used effectively for stone column construction. The use of these waste materials will contribute to recycling and environmental sustainability.
Deterioration of marine soft clay at east China solidified by cement–metakaolin composite
Authors: Deng Tingting , Deng Yongfeng , Yue Xibing , Cui Yujun
Published: April 2019

The restoration of contaminated sites is attracting increasing attention because of environmental considerations. Barrier walls using cement-based solidified soil are a popular and effective method for enclosing contaminated sites. However, the working environment of cement-based solidified soils is often complicated and results in concern about the durability of the walls. Hence, the deterioration behaviour of solidified soils under a working environment should be investigated. A type of marine soft clay deposited in the coastal Lianyungang region of east China was solidified by a cement–metakaolin composite; then, the specimens were cured under standard, saline solution and cycled freeze–thaw environments. When the specimens reached the designed curing periods, the unconfined compressive strength, mass loss, pH value and mesostructure were determined. The results show that (a) both saline soaking and cycled freeze–thaw environments unavoidably reduce the durability of cement-based solidified soils and (b) metakaolin incorporation can effectively resist the deterioration behaviour of solidified soils under such environments. In this case, the optimal incorporation ratio is approximately 3·0%, and (c) although strength enhancement by chloride (Cl−) ions was primarily inhibited by the water medium, metakaolin incorporation suppresses cracking on the surface and strengthens the integrity of the solidified soils.
Influence of bus stop location on traffic flow
Authors: Liang Shidong , Ma Minghui , He Shengxue , Zhang Hu , Tang Zhijiang
Published: April 2019

This paper discusses the influence that the location of a bus stop has on traffic flow and passenger satisfaction when they are near to a signalised intersection. Traffic flow is modelled to measure traffic delay and passenger usage under a variety of traffic flows and signal cycle times. It concludes that maximum benefits can be obtained if the bus stops are located both prior to and immediately following the signalised intersection.
Infraestructura pública y su importancia para el crecimiento económico: El caso de Oaxaca (México)
Authors: Rojas Ramírez Luis Enrique , Molina Vargas Alejandro
Published: April 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar el impacto de la infraestructura pública sobre el crecimiento económico en las ocho regiones de Oaxaca para el periodo 2003-2013. Dado que se carecen de estadísticas, se emplea la metodología propuesta por Gerber (2003) para calcular el crecimiento económico de las regiones. Y para medir el impacto de la infraestructura en el crecimiento, con base en Hoechle (2007) se aplica un modelo de efectos fijos con errores estándar de Driscoll y Kraay (DKSE). Los resultados indican que la inversión en infraestructura ha sido insuficiente y mal asignada; la infraestructura social es la que muestra mayor impacto en el crecimiento; por último, los resultados sugieren que las regiones más dinámicas requieren de una mayor inversión en infraestructura económica, mientras que las regiones atrasadas necesitan de infraestructura social.
SURI: Controlador midi por medio de un teclado de computador
Authors: García Surianu Sebastián
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo narra las experiencias del desarrollo de Suri, un programa informático que permite enviar información MIDI a otros programas por medio del teclado del computador y combina las características lingüísticas de un editor de texto con elementos tecnológicos y musicales. Del mismo modo, relata la forma en la que se conectó el desarrollo de este programa con la búsqueda de nuevas herramientas para la composición musical y describe sus diversas funciones y generalidades técnicas.
Investigación musical. Experiencias del Congreso de Investigación Musical en Cali, 2015
Authors: Casas Figueroa María Victoria , Eusse González Olga Cecilia
Published: April 2019

El interés y la difusión de los resultados de investigación musical en el país han mostrado un auge en las dos últimas décadas, en parte por la necesidad de cumplir los requisitos mínimos o de alta calidad que se exigen en los programas universitarios y en parte también por el reconocimiento a la diversificación del quehacer musical, y las distintas miradas hacia el oficio, que compromete tanto procesos de aprendizaje, secuencias de transmisión, conservación de patrimonio como nuevas tecnologías en la creación, la interpretación, la producción y la difusión y en definitiva la estancia en un mundo globalizado y comunicado de múltiples formas, que tres o más décadas atrás hacían menos factible tales acciones.
SİLİKOTÜBERKÜLOZ: BİR OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: ÇELİK Hatice , BİRCAN Hacı Ahmet , EVRİMLER Şehnaz
Published: April 2019

Silikoz, yer kabuğunun yapısında yaygın
olarak bulunan silisyum dioksit kristallerinin inhalasyonu ile gelişen, bazen
hızla ilerleyerek ölüme neden olabilen bir pnömokonyozdur. silika maruziyetinin
mikobakteriyel enfeksiyonların sıklığını artırdığı bilinmektedir. Üç aydır
devam eden ateş şikayeti olan 68 yaşında erkek hastada hiler ve mediastinal
kalsifik lenf nodları, kaviter lezyon ve bilateral üst zonlarda progressif
masif fibroz alanları tespit edildi. Balgam kültüründe Mycobacterium tuberculosis üremesi sonucunda silikotüberküloz
tanısı konan hastada 9 ay standart antitüberküloz tedavi ile kür sağlandı. Tanı
ve tedavisinin zor olması ve silikozda önemli bir ölüm sebebi olması nedeniyle sunuldu.
Bursa florasının doğa turizmi potansiyeli
Authors: ERKEN Kamil , ATANUR Gül , AKIN TANRIÖVER Anıl
Published: April 2019

Kent yaşamının, trafik, stres, gürültü ve yapılı çevre içinde sıkışmış rutin yaşam tarzı insanları doğaya ve doğal yaşama doğru yönlendirmektedir. Koruyarak doğayı yaşama, keşfetme, farklı kültürleri anlama, yereldeki kaynakları ve getirisini yerel halkla paylaşma, yerel ve doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir kullanımı ile mümkündür. Bu faaliyetler doğal kaynakların ekonomiye kazandırılması, kırsal kesimde yaşayanların hayat standartlarının yükseltilmesi, turizm alanlarının, faaliyetlerinin ve gelirlerinin çeşitlendirilmesi ve artırılması konularıyla da örtüşen ortak hedefler içermektedir. Doğa turizmi faaliyetlerinin çoğunluğu flora tabanlı faaliyetlerdir. Marmara Bölgesi ve özellikle Bursa, biyoçeşitlilik ve yoğun florası ile ülkemizin doğa turizmi açısından Karadeniz Bölgesi'nden sonra en önemli alanlarıdır. Coğrafi konumu, sahip olduğu zengin ve yoğun orman alanları ve Uludağ Milli Parkı, Bursa’yı botanik turizmi, foto safari, doğa yürüyüşü, doğa gözlemciliği, tıbbi bitkilere bağlı sağlık turizmi, macera oyunları turizmi gibi floraya bağlı doğa turizmi alanlarında merkez olabilecek bir konuma taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bursa'da ekoturizmin çeşitlendirilmesi ve canlandırılması için floraya bağlı doğa turizmi faaliyetleri açısından Bursa’nın sahip olduğu potansiyel ortaya konulmuş, SWOT analizi ile değerlendirilmiş ve öneriler oluşturulmuştur.
Role of the UK in the european political integration in the post-war period (1945-1956)
Authors: Hrubinko Andrew
Published: April 2019

The article discusses role of Great Britain in the European political integration in the Post-war period (1945-1956). Origins of the “special position” of the country in the system of European integration, in particular regarding participation in its political dimension (foreign and security policy) are presented. Attention on the development of conceptual basis of the UK’s modern policy regarding the participation in European integration during the study period is focused.
Entre jardins e flores, entre silêncio e transcendência: alguns percursos poéticos de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen
Authors: Denubila Rodrigo Valverde
Published: April 2019

Resumo: Este estudo objetiva identificar a importância dos jardins e das flores para a construção do argumento lírico em alguns poemas de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen. Almeja igualmente destacar alguns temas-chave andresenianos, entre eles, a investigação existencial. Percebe-se, assim, o jardim e as flores enquanto elementos utilizados para tecer indagações ontológicas, por conseguinte, fomentadores da busca de sentido. Da extensa obra da escritora, destacamos alguns poemas como “Árvores”, “No tempo dividido” e As flores”, que facultam a discussão de como as imagens da natureza permitem a ponderação sobre o sentido transcendente e o ontológico do ser dos entes humanos. Nesse percurso, revisitamos as percepções críticas acerca da autora realizadas por Jorge de Sena, Maria Andresen Sousa Tavares, Eduardo Lourenço, Eduardo Prado Coelho e Eucanaã Ferraz. Palavras-chave: Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen; jardins; flores.Abstract: This study aims to identify the importance of gardens and flowers for the construction of the lyrical argument in some poems by Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen. It also aims to highlight some Andresenian themes, among them, existential research. So, perceive the garden and the flowers as elements used to make ontological inquiries, therefore, fomenters of the search for meaning. From the author’s extensive work, we highlight some poems such as “Árvores”, “No tempo dividido” and “As flores”, which provide a discussion of how the images of nature allow the pondering of the transcendent and ontological sense of the being of human beings. In this course, we review the critical perceptions about the author by Jorge de Sena, Maria Andresen Sousa Tavares, Eduardo Lourenço, Eduardo Prado Coelho and Eucanaã Ferraz.Keywords: Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen; gardens; flowers.
Beliren Yetişkinlikte Saldırganlık: Kişisel ve Ailesel Risk Faktörleri
Authors: KARATAŞ Zeynep , YAVUZER Yasemin , GÜNDOĞDU Rezzan
Published: April 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı beliren yetişkinlikte saldırganlıkla ilişkili olabilecek risk
faktörlerini belirlemektir. Genel tarama modellerinden betimsel çalışma olarak
kurgulanan bu çalışma beliren yetişkinlik döneminde olan 409 üniversite
öğrencisi ile gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışmada KAR-YA Saldırganlık Ölçeği
kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde iki düzeyli değişkenlerde bağımsız gruplar
t testi, üç ve daha fazla düzeyli değişkenlerde ise tek yönlü varyans analizi
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde; Beliren
yetişkinlerin saldırganlık puanlarında cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılıklar
olduğu; kronik hastalığı olup olmama durumuna göre saldırganlık puanlarının
farklılaşmadığı görülmüştür. Sorunla kolaylıkla baş edip etmeme durumlarına,
psikolojik travma yaşayıp yaşamamalarına göre saldırganlık puanlarının anlamlı
olarak farklılaştığı, fiziksel travma yaşayıp yaşamadıklarına göre ise
saldırganlık puanlarının anlamlı olarak farklılaşmadığı görülmektedir.
Psikolojik yardım alanlarla almayanların saldırganlık puanları farklılık
göstermektedir. Anne öğrenim düzeylerine göre saldırganlık puanlarının anlamlı
olarak farklılaşmadığı, baba öğrenim düzeylerine göre ise farklılıklar olduğu
görülmüştür. Ekonomik düzey, ana baba tutumu, aile bütünlüğü, anneden ve
babadan şiddet görüp görmemelerine göre saldırganlık puanlarının anlamlı olarak
farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca, beliren yetişkinlerin aile içi
ilişkilerini tanımlamalarına, kolay arkadaş edinip edinememelerine ve çok
arkadaşı olup olmamasına göre saldırganlık puanlarının anlamlı olarak
farklılaşmadığı görülmektedir. Duygusal ilişki yaşayıp yaşamamaya, sosyal medya
kullanımına, sigara kullanma durumlarına ve kendilerini tanımlama durumlarına
göre saldırganlık puanları anlamlı olarak farklılaşmıştır. Sonuç olarak beliren
yetişkinlerin saldırganlıklarında önemli olan risk faktörleri; cinsiyet,
sorunla kolaylıkla baş edip etmeme durumları, psikolojik travma yaşayıp
yaşamamaları, psikolojik yardım alıp almama, baba öğrenim düzeyi, ekonomik
düzey, ana baba tutumu, aile bütünlüğü, anneden şiddet görüp görmeme, babadan
şiddet görüp görmeme, duygusal ilişki yaşayıp yaşamama, sosyal medya kullanımı,
sigara kullanma durumları, kendilerini tanımlama durumları olarak belirlenmiştir.
Grup Rehberliği Programının Engelli Çocuğa Sahip Çalışan Annelerin Mesleki Tükenmişlik, İşle Bütünleşme ve Eş Tükenmişliği Düzeyine Etkisi
Authors: GÜLER Mustafa , ÇAPRİ Burhan
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmada, 
grup rehberliği programının engelli çocuğa sahip çalışan annelerin
mesleki tükenmişlik, işle bütünleşme ve eş tükenmişliği düzeylerini etkileyip
etkilemediğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tam (gerçek) deneysel desende öntest
sontest kontrol gruplu seçkisiz desen kullanıldığı bu çalışmanın araştırma
grubu, Konya ili merkez Selçuklu, Meram ve Karatay ilçelerinde Rehberlik ve
Araştırma Merkezi tarafından eğitsel 
değerlendirme ve tanılaması 
yapılan 3-16 yaş arasında engelli çocuğa sahip çalışan anneler arasından
deney (13 kişi) ve kontrol (13 kişi) gruplarına seçkisiz olarak atanan 26
kişiden oluşmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Tükenmişlik
Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (TÖ-KF), Eş Tükenmişlik Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (ETÖ-KF), Utrecth
İşle  Bütünleşme Ölçeği  (UİBÖ) 
ve araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”
kullanılmıştır. Deney grubuna 10 hafta boyunca haftada 1 kez, her bir oturum 90
dakika olmak üzere toplam 10 oturum, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan grup
rehberliği programı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuyla ise herhangi bir işlem
yapılmamıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi için
SPSS 16.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, grup rehberliği
programının engelli çocuğa sahip çalışan annelerin mesleki tükenmişlik, işle
bütünleşme ve eş tükenmişliği düzeylerini etkileyip etkilemediğinin incelemek
amacıyla, Shapiro-Wilk testinden, bağımlı ve bağımsız gruplar için t
testinden,  varyansların homojenliğini
test etmek için Levene testinden ve kovaryans analizinden (ANCOVA)
yararlanılmıştır. Kovaryans analizi sonuçlarına gore, annelerin mesleki tükenmişlik
ve eş tükenmişliği öntest puanlarına göre düzeltilmiş sontestten aldıkları
ortalama puanlar arasında anlamlı fark olduğu, işle bütünleşme öntest
puanlarına göre, düzeltilmiş sontestten aldıkları ortalama puanlar arasında ise
anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulunmuştur. 
Ayrıca grup rehberliği programının uzun süreli (Long-Lasting) etkisinin
deneyin bitiminden 2 ay (8 hafta) sonra da devam ettiği saptanmıştır.
Study of cases with perinatal mortality
Authors: Pancholi Nidhi
Published: April 2019

Background: Perinatal loss is one of the most traumatic life events. It is indeed a great psychological and emotional shock to not only the mother and father but the entire family and society as a whole. The perinatal mortality rate (PMR) is an important indicator of the quality of obstetric care during pregnancy. Perinatal deaths result largely from obstetric complications that can be prevented with proper antenatal care and quality neonatal services. The study was aims to study the factors related with perinatal loss and its prevention in future pregnancy.Methods: It was a prospective analytical study. All patients with IUFD, stillbirths and early neonatal loss were studied. Postpartum both mother and father were counselled. Detailed history and thorough physical examination were conducted. Data was recorded and tabulated, observation made and compared with results of various studies.Results: The results showed that the incidence of IUFD was 3.7% and early neonatal death was 10.8% per total admissions. The perinatal mortality rate was 63.62 per 1000 live births. Perinatal mortality rate was inversely related to the number of antenatal visits taken by the patient. Lack of antenatal care results in perinatal deaths probably due to failure of early identification and management of maternal problems that impact negatively on perinatal outcome. Even in advanced economies with sophisticated diagnostic and monitoring equipment, lack of antenatal care categorizes a pregnant woman as a high-risk pregnancy.Conclusions: There is a need for awareness regarding importance of antenatal care and institutional delivery. Perinatal mortality is an important indicator of maternal care, health and nutrition. It also reflects the quality of Obstetric and Pediatric care available. Every effort must be made to reduce perinatal mortality.
Can the surgical Apgar score predict morbidity and mortality in general surgery?
Authors: Sehgal Sajan , Ravishankar Nagaraj , Raghupathi Divakar Sullery , Kotekar Nalini
Published: April 2019

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical Apgar score (SAS) in predicting morbidity and 30 day mortality in general surgical procedures and also to compare the predictability of the score in elective and emergency surgeries for outcome thereafter.Methods: 120 patients undergoing general surgical procedures in JSS Hospital, Mysuru from November 2016 to April 2018 were included in the study. Necessary data was collected. Surgical Apgar score was calculated for each patient and analysis done.Results: 75% of the patients included in the study were in the age group of over 40 years. Around 23% of the patients belong to age group>60 years. 18.25% of patients in the age group >60 years had a low Apgar score of <4. Whereas surgical Apgar score 9-10 was highest in the age group <40 years. Diabetes, hypertension, smoking were significantly associated with post-operative complications. 74.25% of the surgeries involved in the study were elective in nature. Amongst the 35 patients with an Apgar score of <4, major complications occurred in 33% and a 30-day mortality rate of 23% was observed. Morbidity was higher in emergency surgeries as compared to elective surgical procedures.Conclusions: Surgical Apgar score is a simple and useful method of predicting the morbidity and the 30 day mortality of patients undergoing general surgical procedures. It is more sensitive in predicting the outcome in emergency cases as compared to the elective cases.
Índice de resto ingestão antes e após campanha de conscientização de comensais
Authors: Machado Carla Carolina Batista , Chaves Vinicius Sousa , Abreu Valéria De Souza
Published: April 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o índice de resto ingestão do almoço dos colaboradores de um hospital público de Goiânia-GO, antes e após campanha de educação alimentar e nutricional. Esta pesquisa é do tipo original de caráter observacional, quantitativa e descritiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma UAN durante três semanas. Na primeira semana realizou-se a coleta de resto ingesta produzidos durante o almoço, na segunda semana fez-se uma campanha de educação alimentar e nutricional junto aos comensais e na terceira semana foi realizada a coleta de resto ingesta produzidos no almoço. Para obter o valor do peso da refeição distribuída foi aferido o peso das cubas de cada preparação depois de prontas, descontando o valor do recipiente. Para calcular o índice de resto ingestão foi utilizada a formula: (peso do resto x 100) / peso da refeição distribuída. As médias obtidas do índice de resto ingestão antes e depois da campanha educativa foram de 7,76% e 6,80%, e o resto per capita de 41,27g antes da campanha e 40,39g após a campanha. A análise dos resultados demostrou que não houve diferença significativa antes e depois da campanha de educação alimentar e nutricional. Conclui-se que dentro de uma UAN o índice de resto ingestão é uma ferramenta muito importante e deve ser investigado periodicamente, a fim de descobrir como está sendo a aceitação do cardápio. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a UAN estudada juntamente com seus comensais, são conscientizados para a redução do desperdício de alimentos.
(re)inventar-se professor no olho do furacão
Authors: Gonçalves Jean Carlos , Da Silva Maria de Fátima Gomes
Published: April 2019

Apresentação do Dossiê Temático Formação de Professores: diferentes perspectivas (Parte 2).
Maximum likelihood estimation of the Latent Class Model through model boundary decomposition
Authors: Allman Elizabeth , Cervantes Hector Banos , Hosten Serkan , Kubjas Kaie , Lemke Daniel , Rhodes John , Zwiernik Piotr
Published: April 2019

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is routinely used for the maximum likelihood estimation in the latent class analysis. However, the EM algorithm comes with no guarantees of reaching the global optimum. We study the geometry of the latent class model in order to understand the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimator. In particular, we characterize the boundary stratification of the binary latent class model with a binary hidden variable. For small models, such as for three binary observed variables, we show that this stratification allows exact computation of the maximum likelihood estimator. In this case we use simulations to study the maximum likelihood estimation attraction basins of the various strata. Our theoretical study is complemented with a careful analysis of the EM fixed point ideal which provides an alternative method of studying the boundary stratification and maximizing the likelihood function. In particular, we compute the minimal primes of this ideal in the case of a binary latent class model with a binary or ternary hidden random variable.
ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ АЗОТОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОСНОВАНИЙ СМОЛИСТЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ НЕФТИ КРАПИВИНСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ПРИ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОМ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ
Authors: (Natalia N. Gerasimova) Герасимова Наталья Николаевна , (Таtyana А. Sagachenko) Сагаченко Татьяна Анатольевна , (Raisa S. Min) Мин Раиса Сергеевна
Published: April 2019

Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью получения информации о термической устойчивости азоторганических оснований смолистых компонентов верхнеюрской метано-нафтеновой нефти месторождения Крапивинское, расположенного на территории Томской области, для решения проблем, связанных с ее переработкой. Цель работы: получение данных о направлениях термических превращений азоторганических оснований смол нефти Крапивинского месторождения. Методы исследования: комплексообразование, экстракция, ЯМР 1Н спектроскопия, структурно-групповой анализ, хроматомасс-спектрометрия. Результаты. На основании изучения состава и структуры азоторганических оснований смол нефти Крапивинского месторождения до и после термического воздействия (450 °С, 30 мин, инертная среда) показано, что при термолизе в выбранных условиях происходит частичная деструкция высокомолекулярных оснований и полная потеря низкомолекулярных оснований. Все основания в термолизованных смолах являются продуктами превращения высокомолекулярных соединений исходных смол. Установлено, что большую часть оснований в смолах до и после термической обработки составляют высокомолекулярные соединения, однако их доля в термолизованных смолах существенно ниже. Термопреобразованные основания имеют меньшие средние молекулярные массы, чем исходные. Состав выделенных соединений исследован методами структурно-группового анализа и газовой хроматомасс-спектрометрии. Показано, что средние молекулы азоторганических оснований обоих типов смол построены из ароматических, нафтеновых и алкильных фрагментов. В средних молекулах соединений термолизованных смол более высока доля ароматических атомов углерода за счет снижения доли нафтеновых и алкильных углеродных атомов. В составе оснований исходных и термолизованных смол присутствуют алкилпроизводные хинолина, бензохинолина, дибензохинолина и азапирена, среди которых преобладают алкилбензохинолины. Особенностью азааренов термолизованных смол является повышенное содержание алкилхинолинов. Для термопреобразованных структур характерно менее развитое алкильное замещение и более высокая доля в их составе низкомолекулярных гомологов.
НОВЫЙ АКУСТИЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ПУЗЫРЬКОВОГО ПОТОКА МЕТАНА В СИСТЕМЕ ДОННЫЕ ОТЛОЖЕНИЯ – ВОДНАЯ ТОЛЩА И ЕГО РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ МОРЯ ЛАПТЕВЫХ, СЕВЕРНЫЙ ЛЕДОВИТЫЙ ОКЕАН
Authors: (Denis V. Chernykh) Черных Денис Вячеславович , (Vladimir I. Yusupov) Юсупов Владимир Исаакович , (Alexander S. Salomatin) Саломатин Александр Сергеевич , (Denis A. Kosmach) Космач Денис Алексеевич , (Anton V. Konstantinov) Константинов Антон Вячеславович , (Vyacheslav I. Silionov) Силионов Вячеслав Игоревич , (Alexey K. Mazurov) Мазуров Алексей Карпович , (Anatoly N. Salyuk) Салюк Анатолий Назарович , (Natalia E. Shakhova) Шахова Наталья Евгеньевна , (Orjan Gustafsson) Орьян Густафсон , (Andrey A. Kolyubakin) Колюбакин Андрей Анатольевич , (Elena V. Gershelis) Гершелис Елена Владимировна , (Leopold I. Lobkovsky) Лобковский Леопольд Исаевич , (Igor P. Semiletov) Семилетов Игорь Петрович
Published: April 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки научно-обоснованного подхода к количественной оценке пузырькового переноса метана (СН4) и других газов на основе акустических методов, позволяющих проводить достоверную оценку потока метана из областей его пузырьковой разгрузки с помощью эхолотов и гидролокаторов. Цель исследования: разработка репрезентативного акустического метода количественной оценки потока метана из областей пузырьковой разгрузки в системе донные осадки – водная толща, основанного на определении количества всплывающих пузырьков, по данным о сечении их обратного рассеяния; обоснование репрезентативности разработанного метода путем сравнения с методом, основанным на проведении специальной калибровки научного эхолота по искусственному газовому факелу. Объекты: газовые факелы – эманации газа в виде всплывающих со дна пузырьков, которые образуют в водной толще устойчивые области их повышенной концентрации. Методы: разработанные авторским коллективом методы оценки потока СН4 из областей пузырьковой разгрузки, основанные на измерении: 1) сечения рассеяния всплывающих пузырьков; 2) калибровки по искусственному газовому факелу. Результаты. Представлен обзор современных акустических дистанционных методов, применяемых для оценки потоков СН4 в водной толще, связанных с выходящими из дна и всплывающими пузырьками. На примере обширной области пузырьковой разгрузки СН4 на шельфе моря Лаптевых обоснована репрезентативность предложенного нового метода, основанного на расчете по сечению обратного рассеяния всплывающих пузырьков СН4. Показано, что оценки величины пузырькового потока, полученные двумя методами: 1) новым методом, разработанным авторами, и 2) методом калибровки эхолота по искусственному газовому факелу, дают схожие результаты: 0,27±0,06 и 0,33±0,07 ммоль•м–2•с–1, соответственно. Таким образом, на практике для дистанционной и оперативной оценки потоков СН4 с участков его пузырьковой разгрузки можно использовать оба метода, с учетом занижения расчета потока по сечению обратного рассеяния примерно на 20 % относительно реальных значений.
ESTUDO DE CASO LUSO-BRASILEIRO SOBRE POLÍTICAS E PRÁTICAS DE EXPATRIAÇÃO
Authors: Gallon SHalimar , Fraga Aline Mendonça , Antunes Elaine Di Diego
Published: April 2019

A expatriação é um processo corrente na condução dos negócios internacionais, auxiliando na interface e no alinhamento de políticas e práticas da Gestão de Pessoas com a estratégia empresarial, e tem, portanto, importância na sua expansão global. Essa pesquisa se constitui em estudo de caso qualitativo em uma empresa brasileira e outra portuguesa. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado, contemplando 30 entrevistas. Foi utilizado o software Max-Qda (2007) para auxiliar a organização das categorias de análise com baseada na técnica de análise de conteúdo. O estudo aponta que há diferentes políticas e práticas de expatriação para as empresas pesquisadas, influenciadas pelo contexto do país de origem, legislação, estratégia e amadurecimento internacional da organização e objetivo da expatriação.
CARACTERÍSTICAS POLÍTICAS E DESEMPENHO FINANCEIRO PÚBLICO SOB A LUZ DA TEORIA DOS CICLOS POLÍTICOS
Authors: Fiirst Clóvis , Santos Alexandre Corrêa dos , Rodrigues Junior Moacir Manoel , Zonatto Vinícius Costa da Silva
Published: April 2019

Um dos principais sinalizadores da eficácia de políticas públicas é a execução orçamentária, que deve refletir os interesses sociais nos aspectos qualitativo e quantitativo, bem como concretizar-se nas aplicações de recursos de forma transparente e sustentável. No entanto, estudos mostram que o desempenho financeiro público é afetado pelos ciclos políticos, o que indica retrocesso político e democrático. Este estudo descritivo, documental e quantitativo objetiva verificar a influência de características políticas no desempenho financeiro dos municípios paranaenses, sob a lente da teoria dos ciclos políticos. Os dados do período de 2013 a 2016, de 377 municípios, foram coletados junto aos sites do TCE-PR, TSE e IBGE e foram analisados por regressão múltipla com dados em painel. Os resultados revelam que o ano eleitoral influencia positivamente o desempenho financeiro, porém tal relação é negativa em períodos em que ocorre mudança de gestor.
Selección de ítems para el desarrollo de	un instrumento de evaluación	de severidad de trastornos mentales en pacientes sin psicosis o déficit cognitivo
Authors: Damiani-Rodríguez Percy G. , Vega-Dienstmaier Johann M.
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Seleccionar los ítems más relevantes para la creación de un instrumento de evaluación global de pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios sin psicosis ni déficit cognitivo. Material y Métodos: Se aplicaron 60 ítems, procedentes de diferentes escalas que evalúan  principalmente severidad de síntomas, discapacidad y calidad de vida, a 313 pacientes con trastornos mentales de la consulta ambulatoria de psiquiatría del Hospital Cayetano Heredia (Lima, Perú). Al mismo tiempo, se evaluó la severidad de su sintomatología mental a través de la Escala de Impresión Clínica Global de Severidad (CGI-S). Se determinaron los ítems más relevantes en base a las cargas factoriales (CF) de cada ítem producto de un análisis factorial policórico y las correlaciones policóricas entre cada ítem y la CGI-S (cCGI). Resultados: Los 11 ítems más relevantes fueron: Calidad de vida global (CF=0,7958, cCGI=-0,4275), Bienestar psicológico (CF=0,7891, cCGI=-0,4507), Tristeza (CF=0,7601, cCGI=-0,4613), Sentimientos negativos (CF=0,7595, cCGI=-0,4269), Angustia (CF=0,7501,  cCGI=-0,4824), Libertad y seguridad (CF=0,7402, cCGI=-0,4011), Suicidalidad (CF=0,7147, cCGI=-0,4766),  Sentido de vida (CF=0,6998, cCGI=-0,4161), Crecimiento personal (CF=0,6987, cCGI=-0,4198), Espiritualidad, religión y creencias personales (CF=0,6936, cCGI=-0,3925) y Plenitud personal (CF=0,6869, cCGI=-0,4073). Conclusiones: Los 11 ítems seleccionados podrían constituir un instrumento corto de auto-reporte para la evaluación de enfermedad mental.
O ensino de história e as práticas de leitura na escola: reflexões sobre o contexto brasileiro atual
Authors: Thomson Ana Beatriz Accorsi
Published: April 2019

Neste artigo, pretendemos realizar algumas reflexões sobra a importância da leitura no ensino de história, percebendo o conceito de aprendizagem histórica a partir das propostas de Jorn Rüsen. Em um primeiro momento, foi realizada uma reflexão acerca da leitura entre os jovens e suas potencialidades no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Em seguida, considerando o contexto educacional brasileiro, analisamos um programa público de distribuição de livros às escolas, o Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE). Verificamos os objetivos e a historicidade do programa, suas potencialidades e fragilidades. Também realizamos uma análise do contexto político atual envolvendo a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), que tem descontinuado o PNBE das políticas públicas brasileiras.
As políticas do PNLD e as escolhas dos livros didáticos pelos professores de história
Authors: Ströher Carlos Eduardo , Monteiro Franciele De Souza
Published: April 2019

O artigo analisa o uso do livro didático pelos professores de História, considerando seu uso recorrente em sala de aula. A pesquisa fundamenta-se no histórico de funcionamento das políticas do livro didático no Brasil, bem como os critérios adotados para a avaliação desses materiais. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo em duas escolas públicas, além de entrevistas com quatro docentes que atuam nessas instituições com a disciplina de História. Verificou-se que a relação que professores estabelece com o livro didático é dúbia, pois, apesar de amplamente utilizados, os docentes apontam falhas e deficiências nas obras e destacam com mais ênfase os aspectos visuais do que os pedagógicos. Dessa forma, compreender as motivações que levam a esses olhares múltiplos sobre os livros didáticos é de extrema relevância para a reflexão sobre o fazer docente e a aprendizagem em História.
Sob nova direção: o PNLD e seus desafios frente aos contextos político-educativos emergentes
Authors: Caimi Flávia Eloisa
Published: April 2019

Pela sua importância e dimensão no cenário educacional brasileiro, o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático tem o mérito de submeter a produção didática a processos avaliativos sistemáticos e sólidos, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade dos materiais que se destinam aos diversos níveis da educação básica em instituições públicas brasileiras. No estudo ora proposto, de natureza bibliográfica e documental, intenta-se analisar os caminhos recentes desta política pública que tem se configurado como programa de Estado; sistematizar alguns dos principais avanços conquistados nas últimas duas décadas; e apontar seus desafios frente à publicação do Decreto nº 9.099/2017, no momento em que o país vive um contexto político-educativo marcado por fortes disputas em torno do papel do Estado na promoção da redistribuição de bens públicos, da cidadania e da justiça social.
Desafios presentes nos livros didáticos de História: narrar o que ainda está acontecendo
Authors: Rocha Helenice
Published: April 2019

O artigo apresenta o resultado de um estudo exploratório em livros didáticos de História, em especial o conjunto de livros do Projeto “Narrativas nos Livros Didáticos de História: Tradição e Rupturas”, sobre o tema da “Nova Ordem Mundial.” Realizamos uma análise comparativa entre 15 livros do PNLD 2011, visando produzir uma narrativa síntese, destacar recorrências e singularidades conceituais, além das interrelações entre as noções apresentadas nas narrativas principais dos livros. Trabalhamos com a hipótese que, sendo novo e desafiante nos livros, o tema apresenta uma necessária plasticidade curricular que mobiliza os autores, sua erudição e subjetividade, na produção da história imediata e exige o diálogo bibliográfico com os pares.
Impacted biodiversity by industrial piramutaba fishing in the Amazon river mouth
Authors: KLAUTAU Alex Garcia Cavalleiro de Macedo , CORDEIRO Ana Patrícia Barros , CINTRA Israel Hidenburgo Aniceto , SILVA Lins Erik Oliveira da , CARVALHO Herbster Ranielle Lira de , ITÓ Lauro Satoru
Published: April 2019

In Brazil, industrial fishing of the piramutaba catfish is performed at the estuary of theAmazon River, utilizing bottom-trawl nets as equipment. This fishing technique is considered potentially the most harmful to the environment and to biodiversity, due to the destruction of biomes and incidental capture of several species, called "bycatch.ââ‚¬Â In order to characterize the species which compose the ichthyofauna bycatch of the piramutaba catfish, we analyzed 459 fishing trawlers between the years of 2002 and 2008, in the allowed and forbidden areas. The results revealed that the ichthyofauna bycatch of the piramutaba consists of 38 species, divided in 33 genera and 17 families. The piramutaba was confirmed as the main species, consisting of 76% of the overall product, and the gilded catfish as the main bycatch species, consisting of 7.05% of the product. We have recorded the incidence of jewfish (Epinephelus itajara), which can be found in the International Union for Conservation of Nature list of critically endangered species. In despite the production was higher in the rain season than in the dry season, there was no statistical difference in the rate of biodiversity in different areas or periods.
Distribution and feeding of fish from Anostomidae family in Ibicui River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: ZARDO Éverton Luís , ROSA Vanessa Medeiros da , BEHR Everton Rodolfo
Published: April 2019

The aim of this work was evaluate aspects of distribution and feeding habits of six species of Anostomidae. Gillnets and trammel nets were used in lotic and lentic environment in Ibicui River. The specimens were measured and weighed, and in laboratory were dissected for evaluation of stomach contents and determination of Intestinal Quotient. The species Leporinus lacustris showed a preference for lentic environment, Leporinus striatus and Schizodon platae for lotic environment. The species of the genus Leporinusshowed an omnivorous diet with a greater variety of consumed items in relation to Schizodon, which showed an herbivorous diet. Detritus was the most consumed item by species of Leporinus genus and plant in decomposition was the most consumed by Schizodon. The Intestinal Quotient agree with observed for others omnivorous species, however in Schizodon platae and Schizodon nasutusthis parameter is lower than found for other herbivorous species.
A pesca artesanal da miragaia (Pogonias cromis, Sciaenidae) no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, Brasil
Authors: SANTOS Paulo Roberto Santos dos , EINHARDT Anna Carolina Miranda Cavalheiro , VELASCO Gonzalo
Published: April 2019

O aumento na abundí­¢ncia de peixes não residentes da zona estuarina atrai o interesse da frota pesqueira, o que determina o perí­­odo das safras de pesca na mesma época do aumento da abundí­¢ncia. No sul do Brasil a miragaia (Pogonias cromis) é um peixe estuarino-dependente, ameaçado de extinção devido í­Â  sobreexplotação. No estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, a falta de dados sobre a biologia e pesca da espécie são fatores limitantes na formulação de planos de manejo. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a pesca artesanal da miragaia no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, discutindo as variações da CPUE e as diferentes composições de juvenis e adultos desembarcados, relacionando-as com o perí­­odo de aumento da abundí­¢ncia na região. A pesca intensa é o principal responsável pelas variações na abundí­¢ncia miragaias no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, onde as altas capturas acontecem dentro e fora do perí­­odo reprodutivo. A composição dos desembarques se modifica ao longo do ano, fêmeas e peixes adultos predominam na estação reprodutiva, durante o perí­­odo de repouso não há diferença significativa entre machos e fêmeas, e juvenis são predominantes, a média de idade também se modifica, com maiores valores no perí­­odo de desova. Conclui-se que esta pescaria pode comprometer a recuperação do estoque.
THE REDESIGN STRATEGY AT REGION GENERAL HOSPITAL TYPE B IN MAGELANG CITY
Authors: Husna Prananda Fadhlul , Yuliani Sri , Farkhan Ahmad
Published: April 2019

Health is the prosperous state of the body, soul and social that must always be maintained by way of periodic checks to the hospital. The hospital is health care institutions that provides patient care with medical personsl, specialized nurses and medical equipments that need to be accredited to improve public services. The purpose of this redesain strategy is to formulate the concept of planning and design of Tidar Hospital of Magelang City that meet the criteria of the future. Redesign of RSUD Tidar in Magelang was conducted based on Hospital Building Technical Guidelines in 2012. The research method is divided into three levels, programming, planning and design. Based on the results of the analysis study in field, the redesign has been obtained from the application of the Hospital Building Technical Guidelines. It should be designed on the outpatient installation can make the waiting area wider and the circulation of patients with the officers can be separated. The parking area is placed on the basement area so it is wider. For Emergency Installation is placed close to the main door so that the patient can go directly to this area and the circulation separate from the syringe to the inpatient and service area. Most of room programmes are designed based on universal accessibity.

                                               
THE CONCEPT OF HARMONY BY CONTRAST IN ARCHITECTURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PURWOSARI STATION AREA
Authors: Prasetyo Alif Datu , Pitana Titis Srimuda , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: April 2019

Conservation is an effort to preserve historical buildings and processes to limit the changes considering on past, present, and future aspects. Conservation at the Purwosari station area is applied as the basis for the development of the cultural heritage station building. Harmony by Contrast is one of the conservation efforts used in handling the preservation of the area by maintaining the harmony between new buildings with old buildings, maintaining the harmony of urban spaces and other urban elements without having to undermine the existence of old buildings. Purwosari Station in Surakarta comes as a large station building as well as a cultural heritage building, accommodating the transit of arrival and departure of passengers. In its development, population growth more and more so that station Purwosari require development of design enough to accommodate passenger transit activity. Appropriate design’s planning is needed to realize a safe and convenient transit area. Because of that, it will be applied the evaluation-design-strategy to giving the attention about the aspects need to be addressed as well as to be developed with the approach of harmony by contrast’s architecture.
THE IMPACT OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE ON THE ROOF SURFACE TO ENERGY EFFICIENT OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING IN THE TROPICAL REGION
Authors: Yuliani Sri , Setyaningsih Wiwik
Published: April 2019

The surface temperature of the building material may release a heat load in the micro-environment. The largest building envelope receives the heat load of solar radiation is the roof. The strategic roof position at the top of the building has the opportunity to radiate heat received into the environment. Heat emissions lead to rising temperatures, so it is necessary to lower the temperature in micro-environment. When the heat of the building is not lowered will lead to an increase in the urban heat island (UHI). The objective of the study was to find the relationship between the thermal performance of the roof of the building and the energy efficiency in the high-rise building, in order to establish efficient thermal comfort. The research method uses experimental way in real model which is in Surakarta City, as humid tropical climate area. The result of the study is a comparison of the heat performance of three roofing materials which would later recommend the criteria of energy efficient roof for high buildings.