bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profile of pathogenic bacteria isolated from cow's milk in N'Djamena: associated risk factors and antibiotic resistance
Authors: Beral Mbaïgolmem Valery , Nadlaou Bessimbaye , Abdelsalam Tidjani
Published: May 2024

Raw milk and its derivatives are foodstuffs vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria and failure to comply with hygiene rules.
The objective of this study was to determine the profile of pathogenic bacteria isolated from cow's milk and to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human medicine against these bacteria in Chad.
This was a prospective and analytical study based on bacteriological examination including 180 milk samples collected in 10 districts of N'Djamena. The isolation, identification and testing of sensitivity of isolated bacteria to antibiotics were carried out under standard food bacteriology conditions.
Among 180 milk samples which were screened by bacteriological examination, 71 (34.44%) cases were positive. The bacterial strains isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (38.03%), Streptococcus agalactiae (18.31%), Staphylococcus hyicus (11.27%), Streptococcus uberis (7.04%), Escherichia coliO157H7 (7.04%), Streptococcus pyogenes (5.63%), Aeromonas hydrophila (5.63%), Listeria monocytogenes (4.22%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2.81%). The risk factors most frequently associated with milk contamination were hand milking (100%) followed by unsanitary environment (65%), 35% of milks were sold in reused bottles and 58% of vendors and producers were uneducated.
The antibiogram of the 69 isolated bacterial agents showed reduced sensitivities to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, and varied resistance to cyclins and fluoroquinolones. Streptomycin remains an aminoglycoside most sensitive to all strains of pathogenic bacteria with an average level of 95.7%. Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hyicus) developed an average resistance of 80.15% to methycillin, 80.1% to vancomycin and all bacteria showed an average resistance of 85% to metronidazole. Streptococci strains (Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus pyogenes) were very sensitive (76.3%) to vancomycin. The isolated Listeria monocytogenes strains were 100%sensitive to aminoglycosides and beta-lactams.
The two-strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected by GeneXpert had a profile of 50%sensitivity and 50%resistance to rifampicin.
This study not only made it possible to know the high rate and frequency of pathogenic bacteria in cow's milk as well as the associated risk factors, but also showed a reduction in sensitivity of bacteria to aminopenicillins and aminoglycosides, a strong resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and vancomycin and a high sensitivity of streptococci to vancomycin.
A Comprehensive Review of Insomnia and Its Regimenal Management in The Unani System of Medicine
Authors: Meraj Meraj , Rehman M.I. Abdul , Khan Naseem Ahmad , Husain Sadique , Khan Noushiba
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this review is to explore the Regimenal Therapy for the Management of Insomnia in contrast to Unani Classical Literature. Therefore, further clinical studies will be done for its scientific validation.
Data Source: The review data were gathered from peer-reviewed research articles taken from several online resources, including PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Keywords including Insomnia, and prevalence of insomnia were part of the online search strategy. Library of Hakim Syed Ziaul Hasan, Bhopal was also accessed for the Unani Classical literature.
Summary: Insomnia is characterized as a persistent difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep, and results in some form of daytime impairment. It is currently a prevalent disease with the incidence varying globally between 10% and 60%. Insomnia is described as Sahar or Bekhaabi in the Unani System of Medicine. Thirty Unani Classical Literature reviewed; 19 were relevant to Insomnia, and 9 were related to Regimenal Therapy. Thirteen therapies explored: Naṭūl, Sa‘ūṭ, Tadhīn, Ḥammām, Dalk, Riyāḍat, Ṭilā’, Ḍimād, Lakhlakha, Shamūm, Qaṭūr, Nashūq, Pāshoya. These therapies are beneficial for managing Insomnia.
Conclusion: The implication of Regimenal Therapy appears promising and describes its possible uses for Insomnia. Use of regimenal therapies with fewer drugs, which seems to be effective for Insomnia. Further clinical studies are required to scientifically validate the existing Regimenal Therapy about its efficacy and safety.
Keywords: Insomnia, Ilaj bil Tadbeer, Regimenal therapy, Sahar, Unani System of Medicine
Herbs as Skeletal Muscle Relaxant: An Updated Review
Authors: Rohan Rohan , Rani Ritu , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: May 2024

When compared to modern drugs, herbal medicines are usually accepted by doctors and patients for having greater therapeutic efficacy and fewer adverse effects.A diverse class of drugs known as skeletal muscle relaxants is frequently used to treat two distinct underlying disorders: spasticity resulting from upper motor neuron syndromes and muscular pain or spasms resulting from peripheral musculoskeletal problems. Skeletal muscle (SM) controls insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and blood glucose homeostasis, all of which are essential for energy and glucose metabolism. A progressive and widespread loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that results in physical handicap, a low quality of life, and perhaps death is known as sarcopenia. Herbs are a valuable tool for illness prevention. These all have dysregulated skeletal muscle and sarcopenia. These medicinal herbs are being used over recent years.  In this Review article we will keep an eye on an updated review on herbs as skeletal muscle relaxant. We will discuss about musculoskeletal disorders, phytochemicals role in disorders. Herbs like aloe barbedensis, curcuma longa, zingiber officinale,citrus aurantium,chamaemelum nobile,hibiscus rosa sinensis etc. will be studied for their role in skeletal muscle relaxation.
Keywords: Skeletal muscle relaxant, sarcopenia, herbal medicines, herbs, skeletal muscles, myopathy
Formulation and Evaluation of Betulin Loaded Transdermal Patches
Authors: Bhardwaj Sahil , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To develop and evaluate Transdermal patches of Betulin along with various polymers for controlled release action.
Method: Suitable method such as Solvent Casting Technique of Film Casting Technique are used for preparation of Transdermal patch.
Result: The prepared Transdermal patches were transparent, smooth, uniform and flexible. The method adopted for preparation of system was found satisfactory.
Conclusion: Various formulations were developed by using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers like HPMC E5 and EC respectively in single and combinations by solvent evaporation technique with incorporation of penetration enhancer such as dimethylsulfoxide and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer.  Formulation F7 containing equal ratio of HPMC E5: EC (5:5) showed maximum percentage drug content 95.44%.  A suitable UV Spectroscopy method for the analysis of Betulin was developed. Betulin showed maximum absorption at wave length 215 nm in isotonic phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) solutions. The pre-formulation studies involving description, solubility, melting point, partition coefficient of the drug were found to be comparable with the standard. The Transdermal patch of Betulin was prepared successfully by solvent evaporation method. Transdermal patch of Betulin for Transdermal drug delivery was evaluated. Calibration curve was obtained; Transdermal film was prepared, overcome limitations regarding bioavailability of drug was done.
Keywords: Controlled DDS, Transdermal DDS, Betulin, Transdermal Patch, solvent evaporation method.
Gestión del nivel máximo de endeudamiento en mujeres cabeza de familia víctimas de desaparición forzada en Caquetá
Authors: Roa Jara Sirley Jovana
Published: May 2024

Introducción: el presente artículo hace parte de una investigación que aborda la gestión del endeudamiento formal e informal y el impacto en la salud mental de un grupo de mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado quienes pertenecen a la asociación FAVIDESC en la ciudad de Florencia, Caquetá. En tal sentido, la salud mental involucra sus niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión producto de la toma de decisiones financiera. Metodología: La investigación por tanto se caracteriza por ser de tipo descriptiva – trasversal y enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo) que toma como población objetivo a 27 mujeres víctimas de desaparición forzada a quienes se aplicarán instrumentos como el cuestionario estructural tetradimensional para la depresión CETDE y la Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21); muestra producto de la aplicación de un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo juicio cuyo criterio de inclusión es ser madres cabeza de familia como único criterio de inclusión del estudio. Resultados: se obtuvo que, hay una tendencia determinada a padecer depresión por el grupo de 20 personas que presentan dificultad económica.
Design and Development of a Hybrid Evolutionary Method with a Special Selection Artificial Immune System for Stroke Prediction: A Balancing Approach
Authors: ÇELİKBAŞ Şerife , Orman Zeynep , AKGÜNDOĞDU Abdurrahim
Published: May 2024

Stroke is a high-risk neurological condition caused by blockages or
bleeding in the brain, leading to death or disability. This study
proposes a model to address the imbalance in limited patient data.The
proposed model uses the MissForest method, a Random Forest Regression
algorithm, to complete missing data and an artificial immune system
algorithm whose parameters are updated using the Firefly algorithm to
stabilize the data. The One-Sided Selection model is used to improve the
performance of the minority class.The model was evaluated in two
experiments, one using all features and the other selecting the best
features using the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. The models
were trained using six different classification algorithms: CatBoost,
Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBMBoost), Gradient Boosting (GB),
Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and
Logistic Regression (LR). The results were presented using performance
metrics. When trained using all features, the model achieved an accuracy
of 77%, specificity of 44%, and sensitivity of 77%. When trained
using the best features selected by the ABC algorithm, the model
achieved an accuracy of 81%, specificity of 61%, and sensitivity of
81%. Compared to previous studies, the proposed model was effective in
both experiments.
Comparative genomics uncovers the evolutionary dynamics of detoxification and insecticide target genes across 11 phlebotomine sand flies
Authors: Charamis Jason , Balaska Sofia , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Dvorak Vit , Mavridis Konstantinos , McDowell Mary Ann , Pavlidis Pavlos , Feyereisen rene , VOLF Petr , Vontas John
Published: May 2024

Sand flies infect more than one million people annually with Leishmania
parasites and other bacterial and viral pathogens. Progress in
understanding sand fly adaptations to xenobiotics, such as insecticides
has been hampered by the limited availability of genomic resources. Here
we sequenced, assembled and annotated the transcriptomes of 11
phlebotomine sand fly species, and used them to generate new
evolutionary insights pertaining to their adaptations to xenobiotics,
including those contributing to insecticide resistance. We annotated and
performed large-scale phylogenetic comparisons of more than 2,700 sand
fly genes from the five major detoxification enzyme families, Cytochrome
P450s (CYPs), Glutathione-S-Transferases (GSTs),
UDP-Glycosyltransferases (UGTs), Carboxyl/Cholinesterases (CCEs) and
ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters. This comparative approach
uncovered that sand flies have evolved diverse CYP and GST repertoires,
with striking expansions in gene groups encoding for potential
xenobiotic metabolizers. Furthermore, we identified conserved orthologs
for two primary insecticide targets, acetylcholinesterase-1 (Ace1) and
Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC). This work provides novel biological
insights and valuable genomic resources for enabling sand fly research
in xenobiotic adaptation and insecticide resistance.
Strengthening of the equatorial Pacific upper-ocean circulation over the past three decades
Authors: Tuchen Franz Philip , Perez Renellys Christine , Foltz Gregory R. , McPhaden Michael J. , Lumpkin Rick
Published: May 2024

Thirty years (1993-2022) of concurrent satellite and in-situ
observations show a long-term strengthening of the equatorial Pacific
upper-ocean circulation. Enhanced southeasterly and cross-equatorial
winds have caused an annual mean, basin-wide acceleration of the
equatorial westward near-surface currents by ~20% and
an acceleration of poleward flow north (south) of the equator by
~60% (~20%). Additional moored
velocity data reveal a deepening of the EUC core at 170°W and
significant shoaling at 140°W and 110°W, but no significant changes in
EUC core velocity. The strongest subsurface zonal velocity trends are
observed above the EUC core and occur before and after the seasonal
maximum of EUC core velocity, causing enhanced upper-ocean vertical
current shear. Consistent with trends of the 20°C isotherm depth along
the equatorial Pacific, a significant basin-wide steepening of the
equatorial thermocline is observed. Both the accelerating equatorial
current system and the enhanced thermocline slope are consistent with an
observed steepening of the zonal sea surface height gradient due to
increased wind-driven westward mass transport at the surface. During
February-March, both surface and subsurface currents show eastward
velocity trends, in contrast to westward near-surface current trends
during the remainder of the year. The trend reversal is attributed to
both a long-term shift in equatorial Kelvin wave activity and to the
impact of strong interannual variability due to El Niño Southern
Oscillation and other modes of natural variability on decadal to
multidecadal time scales.
A transurethralis mikrohullámú kezelés szerepe férfiak nem neurogén eredetű alsó húgyúti tüneteinek kezelésében = The role of transurethral microwave thermotherapy in the treatment of male non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Pytel Ákos
Published: May 2024

Bevezetés: A számos különböző etiológiájú és természetű alsó húgyúti tünetek miatt, több kezelési eljárás áll rendelkezésünkre. Az 1980-as évek óta számos tanulmány foglalkozik a transurethralis termoterápia hatékonyságával. Anyag és módszer: Irodalmi kutatást végeztünk, ahol átfogó közleményeket és hatályos szakmai irányelveket kerestünk, amelyek a transurethralis termoterápiával foglalkoztak. BPH/LUTS-ban, illetve krónikus abakteriális prostatitis/CPPSben alkalmazott kezeléseket illető közleményeket külön bontva vizsgáltuk, valamint külön vizsgáltuk a speciális indikációs területeken (idős, polymorbid populáció, valamint fiatal, a szexuális funkciót prioritásként kezelő populáció) szerzett apasztalatokat. Eredmények: A rendelkezésre álló irodalmi adatok alapján mind a két, külön vizsgált betegségcsoportban jól tolerálható eredményes kezelésnek tarthatjuk a magas energiájú ransurethralis termoterápiát. Idős polymorbid, sebészeti beavatkozásra alkalmatlan betegeknél, valamint fiatal, a szexuális funkciót prioritásként tekintő betegeknél is ajánlható minimál invazív eljárás a termoterápia. Következtetés: A magas energiájú transurethralis mikrohullámú kezelés, a megfelelő kivizsgálási algoritmusok után felállított helyes indikációval végezve, biztonságos, jól tolerálható, effektív, a hatályos európai és amerikai irányelveknek megfelelő kezelésnek számít, a férfiak nem neurogén eredetű alsó húgyúti tüneteinek kezelésében.
A COVID-19-kutatás uroonkológiai vonatkozásai = Uro-Oncologic Aspects of COVID-19 Research
Authors: Fazekas Tamás , Csizmarik Anita , Szarvas Tibor , Szűcs Miklós , Nyirády Péter
Published: May 2024

A SARS-2-koronavírus és a COVID-19 betegség az utóbbi néhány hónapban eddig talán soha nem látott mértékben, egyik pillanatról a másikra változtatta meg orvosi gyakorlatunkat, életünket. A vírus megismerésében és a járvány elleni harcban váratlan helyről, az uroonkológia területéről érkeztek kiemelkedő kutatási eredmények. Mind a vírus bejutását biztosító TMPRSS2-fehérjével, mind a BCG-oltással és annak lehetséges protektív szerepével kapcsolatos vizsgálatoknak jelentős urológiai vonatkozásai vannak. Az alábbiakban ismertetett tanulmányok és vizsgálati eredmények egyedi és kiemelkedő lehetőséget biztosítanak a további kutatások számára a témában.
Pancreatitis ritka scrotalis érintettsége - A korai differenciáldiagnosztika fontossága = Rare Scrotal Manifestation of Pancreatitis – The Role of Early Differential Diagnostics
Authors: Juhász Dániel , Nyirády Péter , Majoros Attila
Published: May 2024

Bevezetés: Az akut scrotum a herék duzzanatával, fájdalmával járó heveny kórállapot, ami gyulladás, trauma, a here és függelékeinek csavarodása következtében alakulhat ki. Bár irodalmi ritkaság, mégis a heveny hasnyálmirigy-gyulladás szövődményeként is kialakulhat scrotalis érintettség, tályog. Közleményünkben egy differenciáldiagnosztikai nehézséget okozó, herezacskó-duzzanattal és fájdalommal járó idült pancreatitises beteg esetét ismertetjük. Esetismertetés: Egy 49 éves férfibeteg bal oldali heretáji, illetve alhasi fájdalom, bal oldali hereduzzanat és péniszödéma miatt kereste fel ügyeletünket. A fizikális vizsgálat és a here képalkotó vizsgálata felvetette az akut scrotalis gyulladás lehetőségét, azonban az ép here miatt szekunder eredet is szóba jött. Az elvégzett hasi-kismedencei CT a has bal oldalán a rekeszi felszíntől kiinduló, többrekeszes, a háti izmok felé propagációt mutató folyadékgyülemet mutatott, amely a pancreasból kiinduló tályognak bizonyult. Sebészeti drenázs után a beteg konzervatív kezelés mellett gyógyult. Megbeszélés és következtetés: A retroperitonealis tályogot okozó pancreatitis ritka szövődménye lehet, a lecsorgó váladék okozta scrotalis duzzanat, fájdalom. Akut scrotum esetében, amikor az etiológia nem egyértelmű, mindig gondoljunk esetleges szekunder eredetre is. A helyes differenciáldiagnosztika eredményeképpen esetünkben a betegnél nem volt szükség a here műtéti feltárására, ehelyett oki kezelésre került. Akut scrotum esetén, exploráció elvégzése előtt az alapos differenciáldiagnosztika, illetve kiegészítő vizsgálatok pontosíthatják kórismézésünket.
Az invertált papilloma bemutatása egy ritka eset kapcsán = Presentation of a rare case of inverted papilloma
Authors: Szalontai János , Kulka Janina , Riesz Péter
Published: May 2024

Az invertált papilloma egy ritkán előforduló, urothelialis eredetű jóindulatú daganat. Etiológiai faktorai egyelőre ismeretlenek. Leggyakrabban a húgyhólyagban fordul elő, de a vesemedencében, a húgyvezetékekben és a húgycsőben is kialakulhat. Több magyar összefoglaló cikk is született az invertált papillomáról, azonban azok a húgyhólyagban elhelyezkedő invertált urothelialis papillomáról számolnak be. Egy idős férfi betegben felismert, vesevezetékben elhelyezkedő 5 cm hosszúságú invert papilloma ismertetése kapcsán szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet erre az entitásra.
The right to accompaniment by a person of the victim‘s choice as a key right to avoid secondary victimisation: Exploratory qualitative research in Spain
Authors: Varona Gema
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the right of any victim of crime to be accompanied by any
person of her choice from the first contact with the authorities. This right
was formally acknowledged by the Directive 2012/29/EU of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum
standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and
replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA (2012/29/ EU Directive),
and transposed to the 2015 Law 4/2015 of 27 April 2015 on the standing of
victims of crime (2015 Law 4/2015), subject to exceptions on reasoned
grounds. The rationale for this right is the persistent secondary
victimisation of victims in the criminal justice system and the need for a
procedural justice approach. This article draws on qualitative exploratory
research conducted during September, October and November 2019 in the Basque
Country (Spain), based on information collected from fieldwork observation,
photos, questionnaires and interviews with victims and legal professionals,
as well as secondary data on a Basque Government program that offers more
comprehensive professional companionship to women victims of intimate
partner violence. It analyses some aspects that emerge from the
implementation of this right in Spain. Finally, it concludes that, even if
relevant, the specific legal inclusion of this right in the Directive should
be complemented with a more responsive perspective of human rights.
Humanitarianism torn between ethics and politics
Authors: Radovanovic Bojana , Krstic Predrag
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to provide an overview of the main landmarks and basic
problems of humanitarianism, which is seen as a philosophy - an ethical
response to suffering - but also as a practice in the form of humanitarian
actions. There is general agreement that suffering ought to be alleviated,
but not that humanitarian actions, and the humanitarian sector in general,
are an adequate response. However, the practice of humanitarianism itself is
not clearly demarcated. While for some it only refers to the actions aimed
at eliminating or alleviating immediate suffering, others believe that
humanitarianism requires dealing with the causes of suffering, and in its
most extreme form, that humanitarianism requires force in the form of
military intervention to stop suffering. Therefore, the objections to
humanitarianism are contradictory - while on the one hand, its apolitical
stances are respected in the name of timeless and decontextualized ethics,
on the other its politicization is criticised. To condemn or praise
humanitarianism, whether it comes from the point of ethics or politics, the
authors conclude, it is important to always keep in mind what exactly is
meant when referring to it.
Age-sex structure and depopulation in Serbia: 2002-2022
Authors: Marinkovic Ivan
Published: May 2024

Based on the results of the last three censuses, the population of Serbia has
decreased by almost a million inhabitants in the past two decades
(2002-2022). The main reason for depopulation and its intensification in
Serbia is the increasingly pronounced negative natural increase,
contributing 78% to the overall decrease in the number of inhabitants. In
the same period, there were more emigrations than immigrations to Serbia, an
average of about 11,000 per year. The main characteristic of the changes, in
the period 2002-2022, in the age-sex structure of the population is the
continuation of the demographic aging and the feminization of the elderly
population. The age structure emerges as a basic determinant of population
dynamics because it is both the cause and the consequence of demographic
trends. When it comes to changes in the age-sex structure of the population,
the intense reduction should be pointed out in the female population in the
reproductive age (15-49 years), which is over 400 thousand smaller in 2022
compared to 2002. Analysis of the census results shows that depopulation is
generally present and that even 95% of settlements in Serbia have fewer
inhabitants in 2022 than in 2002. The largest relative decrease in the
number of inhabitants is in areas with a small population, where the age
structure dominantly determines the intensity of depopulation. The
population has been halved in every fourth settlement in Serbia, and the
largest number of these settlements are in the eastern and southeastern
parts of Serbia. Population growth was recorded in a few settlements, where
Novi Sad (35%) and Novi Pazar (29%) should be singled out. The effects of
the unfavorable age structure will continue to greatly influence the future
population movement in Serbia, surpassing the importance of the fertility
level and emigration. Consequently, the population extinction of many
settlements and population concentration in the largest cities is expected.
Design of A GaN Based High Frequency Inverter for Electrosurgery
Authors: Tarınç Hale , Çetin Sevilay
Published: May 2024

Electrosurgery performs cutting and coagulation procedures using high energy and high frequency electric current. It reduces bleeding during surgical interventions, shortens the operation time and accelerates the healing process. In this study, a GaN based high frequency full bridge class DE resonant inverter design is proposed for use in electrosurgery. The proposed inverter provides AC voltage at high frequencies and the switches operate with ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) at low voltage stress. In addition, the use of GaN elements provides high efficiency and high-power density. The operating frequency is selected as 500 kHz for three different cutting modes of electrosurgery. After the technical analysis and simulation studies of the high frequency class DE resonant inverter, an experimental setup was designed and implemented in a laboratory environment. The efficiency performance over a variable load range is analysed. Finally, pure cutting, blend and coagulation modes are tested on the different loads, potato - chicken breast - liver, simulating real tissue. On the potato load for pure cutting mode, the output voltage is 39.9 V and the output current is 0.7 A while an efficiency of 35%.
Common Drugs Causing Xerostomia
Authors: E Samia
Published: May 2024

Saliva is need for maintaining a healthy mouth environment and general health.Many factors can affect the volume and compositions of saliva. Xerostoma which refers to a subjective sensation of dry mouth, is derived from the Greek words "xeros" (ξηρός), which means "dry," and "stoma" (στόμα), which means "mouth." Reduced salivary flow and altered salivary gland composition and function are the outcomes of xerostomia.Symptoms of xerstomia include dryness or a feeling of stickiness in your mouth. Saliva that seems thick and stringy, bad breath and having hard time chewing, speaking and swallowing. There are many different causes of xerostomia, which include medicine, aging, cancer therapy, nerve damage and tabaco and alcohol use. The most common drugs causing xerstomia anticholinergic drugs, antidepressant drugs, diuretics, calcium channel blocker and beta-blockers. Different mechanism of causing xerostomia cytotoxic drugs by direct damage to salivary gland, antidepressant drugs by their anticholinergic side effects, and diuretic by excreting more fluid and electrolytes.
«Paris não gosta da primavera portuguesa»? A França e a Revolução dos Cravos
Authors: Pereira Victor
Published: May 2024

France was one of the countries that followed with the greatest attention and concern the events that took place in Portugal between 25 April 1974 and the end of 1976.. In 1974, there were 800,000 Portuguese living in France and French investment in Portugal had increased significantly in the early 1970s. While the French government initially looked favourably on 25 April and the decolonisation process, after 11 March 1975 and especially during the hot summer, the French attitude changed significantly.. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing then advocated for the suspension of the financial aid that European institutions intended to grant to Portugal.
Lições a ter em conta: a revolução portuguesa e os socialistas espanhóis nos meados da década de 1970
Authors: Granadino Alan
Published: May 2024

This article examines how the Spanish Socialist Party interpreted and responded to the Portuguese Revolution. Based on the party’s newspaper, El Socialista, and supplemented by primary sources from Spanish, British and French archives, the article shows the relevance of the Portuguese experience in shaping the Spanish Socialist Party’s perspective on the transition from dictatorship to democratic socialism. It also highlights the impact of the revolution on the party’s international relations. The main working hypothesis is that the development of the Spanish socialist party, immediately before and during the Spanish transition to democracy, cannot be fully understood without paying attention to the Portuguese revolution.
O 25 de Abril na imprensa da República Federal da Alemanha
Authors: Muñoz Sánchez Antonio
Published: May 2024

The revolution of 25 April aroused public interest in Portugal for the first time in West Germany. Compared to other countries, however, the interest was rather modest. None of the Federal Republic of Germany’s newspapers sent a correspondent to Lisbon to report on the day-to-day events of the revolution, as did some European newspapers and even Neues Deutschland, the official organ of the German Democratic Republic’s ruling party. However, through the newspapers, the citizens of West Germany received a partial, superficial and biased view of the events in revolutionary Portugal. The treatment of the Carnation Revolution in the West German press says almost as much about Portugal as it does about the peculiar political culture of the Bonn Republic, which was deeply influenced by the Cold War.
THE M/OTHER STORY IN TONI MORRISON’S BELOVED: THE TRAUMA OF MOTHERHOOD/MOTHERLAND AND THE AFRICAN AMERICAN IDENTITY
Authors: Hssairi Rania Kerkeni
Published: May 2024

Inspired by the story of Margaret Garner, Toni Morrison’s Beloved revolves around the story of Sethe, among those of other slave mothers, and her struggle to experience motherhood against the horrors and terrors of slavery and white exploitation. In light of Lacanian theory, this study deals with the traumatic nature of motherhood in the institution of slavery, while exploring the unconventional m(other) portrait drawn by Morrison in her novel. Connectedly, drawing on Stuart Hall’s insights about the issues of identity and belonging, this paper also investigates the role of the trauma resulting from lost motherhood in the loss of the African motherland and the molding of the African-American identity.
TRANSLATION SHIFTS IN THE INDONESIAN SUBTITLE OF GUY RITCHIE’S THE COVENANT (2023) MOVIE
Authors: Ahmad Lusiana , Warsidi Warsidi , Halim Nur Muthmainnaah
Published: May 2024

Translation is important for people who don't know a foreign language. Translators face challenges, but use of techniques like translation shifts can make translations sound more natural and effectively communicate the original meaning to the target audience. This research aims to identify the types of translation shifts used in the Indonesian subtitle of Guy Ritchie’s The Covenant movie and to identify the possible reasons the translators used translation shifts in this movie. The research applied the theory of translation shift proposed by Catford to analyze the data. It used descriptive qualitative methods and the data is from the movie subtitle of Guy Ritchie’s The Covenant. The researcher used the Oxford Dictionary and Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) applications as instruments for analyzing the data, and to ensure the analysis results. The analysis found that the Indonesian subtitles for Guy Ritchie’s The Covenant movie included all types of shifts as proposed by Catford's theory. The shifts identified in the Indonesian subtitles included level shifts and category shifts (including structure shift, unit shift, class shift, and intra-system shift). However, among these shifts, category shifts especially unit shifts, were the most dominant. The translator probably used these translation shifts due to cultural and linguistic differences, time constraints, and creative translation choices.
Pengaruh Tingkat Pemahaman Kode Etik Jurnalistik Terhadap Profesionalisme Wartawan Media Online di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta
Authors: Nur Indah Sari Feti , Andiyansari Popi
Published: May 2024

Kode Etik Jurnalistik merupakan sebuah kode etik yang menaungi profesi wartawan berupa seperangkat norma yang telah ditetapkan dan disepakati oleh organisasi profesi wartawan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan apakah terdapat pengaruh antara variabel independen yaitu tingkat pemahaman KEJ terhadap variabel dependen yaitu profesionalisme wartawan media online. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 40 responden yang merupakan wartawan dari media online yang berada di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan terjaring melalui accidental sampling. Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji-t menggunakan SPSS versi 25 dilaksanakan untuk menemukan hasil hipotesis yang telah ditentukan. Penelitian ini juga melakukan olah data menggunakan cross tabulation yang dilaksanakan guna mendapatkan analisis data deskriptif dari masing-masing karakteristik responden berdasarkan variabel penelitian. Hasil dari uji t menunjukkan bahwa pada penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara tingkat pemahaman KEJ dan profesionalisme wartawan media online.
Cyber Branding Rumah Budaya Kratonan dalam Membentuk Citra Community Center Kota Surakarta
Authors: Syahroi Muhammad Ridwan , Briyan Pratiwi Rhesa Zuhriya
Published: May 2024

This article aims to describe the cyber branding of Rumah Budaya Kratonan (RBK) as a community center via Instagram @rumah_kultur_kratonan. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of relevant sources. Data analysis was prepared interactively and source triangulation was carried out to find the validity of the data. The theory used is cyber branding in the 3 "i" concept from Deirdre Breakenridge. This article produces a picture that RBK is quite active in providing information, such as: events, national holiday commemorations, historical thematic information, and culinary entertainment in Surakarta. RBK uses comment, direct message and poll facilities on Instagram to maximize information interactivity with the public. RBK has an instinct to form special branding as a community center because of the existence of a historical gallery that supports its existence as a community institution that preserves history and culture in Surakarta. However, it is hoped that the management of existing cyber branding will be more optimal, especially in maximizing interactivity with the public, as well as packaging more interesting and varied Instagram content.
Application of DeVito’s Interpersonal Communication By Frontliner In Resolving Customer Complaints At PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia Bengkulu Branch Office
Authors: Astina Melni Dwi , Saragih Rasi , Sari Eka Vuspa
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the application of the principles of interpersonal communication by DeVito frotliner in handling customer complaints at PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia Bengkulu Branch Office. The research method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Research data obtained through observation ,interviews and documentation. There were 7 informants in this study consisting of 7 main informants and 4 key informants. The technique for determining informants was by purposive sampling with the criteria set by the researcher. The results of this study indicate that from the aspect of Openness, interpersonal communication between frontliner and customers. This can be seen from the way he listens to complaints openly and reacts honestly. From the principle of Empathy, seen from ability frontliner in calming customers and focusing on customer complaints.  For the principle of Support, visible from the ability frontliner respecting customer explanations to the end and trying to find the best solution to customer complaints. Furthermore, from the principle of Equality, seen from the attitude frontliner provide comfortable interactions with customers
Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang pada Media Online Detik.com dan Kompas.com
Authors: Prathama Artha Alan , Ismandianto Ismandianto
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the media framing of Detik.com and Kompas.com regarding the Kanjuruhan football riot tragedy in Malang at the end of 2022, with a focus on identifying the framing and media ideologies reflected in online reporting. The research employs the approach of the theory of social reality construction, with data collection through observation, documentation, and a literature review of 20 news articles covering the period from October 2 to October 14, 2022. The research findings reveal that Detik.com emphasizes framing news around the victims, attempting to convey empathy for them, and its reporting tends to be brief and less in-depth. On the other hand, Kompas.com is more oriented toward the development of events and problem resolution, with more informative and comprehensive reporting. The media ideology of Detik.com is more pronounced in its focus on the perspectives of the victims and the quantity of reporting, whereas Kompas.com emphasizes the development of issues and the government's role in resolving the case, with reporting focused on facts and data.
Политика журнала в отношении искусственного интеллекта: на какие вопросы нужно ответить?
Authors: Зельдина Марина
Published: May 2024

В этом препринте публикуются материалы доклада конференции НИМУ-2024.
Автор представляет информацию о существующих инструментах с ИИ в издательском деле, описывает плюсы и минусы использования инструментов с генеративным ИИ в сфере научных публикаций, перечисляет ключевые рекомендации по использованию ИИ в области издания научных журналов, а также предлагает список вопросов к редакциям журналов об отношении к использованию ИИ в научных статьях.
Method for determining the options effectiveness for organizing transportation by barge-towing combinations
Authors: Zhidkova Anastasiia Mihaylovna , Olkhovik Evgeniy Olegovich
Published: May 2024

A study has been conducted on the method of evaluating options for organizing cargo transportation by barge-tow trains based on determining their effectiveness. Using the methods of the classical theory of transport processes, this problem has no quantitative solution, since it is not possible to take into account the regrouping of the composition during the passage of the route. To overcome this problem, additional mathematical tools have been developed for constructing integral time and velocity matrices, an objective function and graphs of the ratios of the total volume of transported cargo to the time it was en route. The consistent implementation of the proposed tools ensures the coherence of the calculation methods for determining the effectiveness of a flight with and without regrouping on the route, and also makes it possible to select the most appropriate option for organizing transportation. The cumulative result allows us to reflect the method of evaluation, comparison and selection of the most effective option for organizing a flight / group of flights, taking into account the ability to set individual parameters for the movement of the train and cargo. An example of approximation of the coordinate points of the route from the Nizhne-Svirsky shipping lock to Lake Ladoga is illustrated, as well as an example of discretization of an inland waterway section according to a three-level model. The parameters of equalization of the objective function of determining the efficiency of cargo transportation are considered. It is concluded that the optimal transportation option can be carried out on the basis of a combined approach, when several parameters are taken into account or sequentially set in the process of modeling the operation of ships. Graphs have been built that demonstrate the differences between the ways of organizing flights.
Technology of manufacturing samples from composite materials for laboratory testing
Authors: Ruban Anatoliy Rashidovich , Bulgakov Vladimir Pavlovich , Khmelnitsky Konstantin Evgenievich , Vlasov Sergey Vyacheslavovich , Melnikov Alexander Victorovich
Published: May 2024

Based on the accumulated experience of the staff of the Institute of Marine Technologies, Energy and Transport of the Astrakhan State Technical University, the development of the production of various parts of ship hulls, elements of main and auxiliary power plants, including various fasteners and stanchions, using additive technology and other methods of forming composite materials has begun. During the implementation of the developed direction, issues arise of reducing the cost, weight of manufactured parts and improving the characteristics of sound absorption, sound insulation, vibration isolation, etc. Despite the fact that adhesives based on epoxy or polyester resin, according to technical documentation, are fast-curing adhesives, they are not applicable for the production of products using three-dimensional printing technologies. for several reasons. The factors preventing the use of materials for the production of such parts are listed: the minimum curing time of one layer of glue under optimal conditions is from one and a half hours or more, which significantly increases the interlayer time interval; the glue layer is not a self-supporting structure due to the fact that it is in a liquid state during the induction period; products made of this adhesive without reinforcement cannot withstand the required dynamic loads. In the process of experimental studies, a number of formulations based on polyester resin with different fillers were obtained, which have the necessary consistency to apply layers on top of the previous one without waiting for curing, and also contain the necessary amount of reinforcing material and other fillers required to solve problems related to vibration isolation and sound insulation.
Development of a methodology for diagnosing and determining the residual life of mechanical torsional vibration dampers of ship propulsion systems
Authors: Ibadullaev Adel Damirovich
Published: May 2024

Import substitution issues in modern conditions remain an urgent topic today, especially in terms of periodic maintenance of mechanical torsional vibration dampers of foreign manufacture (they are also called spring dampers). Diagnostics of such devices is impossible due to the influence of sanctions against Russia, namely, in the absence of the possibility of the arrival of defect specialists from leading specialized organizations and manufacturing plants. A method for developing a model mechanical damper is presented, taking into account all conditions of similarity: geometric, kinematic and dynamic. Through the use of modern Autodesk Fusion 360 software, a digital model of a real Geislinger marine damper model D90/37 (Austria) has been developed. The results of diagnostics of the Kogalym and Langepas ship propulsion systems, which include mechanical dampers, are also reflected, and the dynamics of changes in torsional vibration parameters is analyzed. It is noted that non-selective diagnostics (torsiography procedure) is possible only in coordination with the supervisory authorities, usually with a small operating time of the damper. All further diagnostics are allowed only if there is an approved standard methodology, which currently does not exist, which confirms the relevance of the chosen research topic. An initial version of the methodology for diagnosing and determining the residual life of mechanical torsional vibration dampers of ship propulsion systems is presented.
Transport energy efficiency and economic principles of maritime navigation
Authors: Moskalenko Vladislav Mihaylovich , Moskalenko Mihail Anatol'evich , Lugovets Aleksandr Anatolievich
Published: May 2024

Modern problems of ensuring energy efficiency and carbon intensity of marine vessels are considered, taking into account the achievement of profitability of flights. Since January 2023, such issues have been particularly acute for all maritime convention vessels engaged in international transport, taking into account the introduction of amendments to annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), developed within the framework of the IMO short-term strategy until 2030 to reduce emissions greenhouse gases from ships. The composition of the world merchant fleet by ship types and deadweight was analyzed, the work of the tram freight market and the features of achieving optimal economic operational speed of the vessel were evaluated, taking into account operational and technical conventional restrictions on carbon intensity. The transport work of the universal vessel Singularity over the past three years has been analyzed, taking into account changes in operational speed and the level of freight rates. An adequate mathematical model has been proposed for assigning an optimal average operating speed to a ship according to a carbon intensity rating. The proposed methodological materials can be used by shipping companies in the commercial and technical operation of the fleet by assigning an operational speed in preparation for the voyage and when carrying out corrective energy efficiency measures to achieve an acceptable level of carbon intensity ratings for marine vessels.
La producción informal de espacios públicos en asentamientos humanos de Piura (Perú)
Authors: Schroeder Stella
Published: May 2024

Las actividades no autorizadas o informales han sido parte integral de la vida urbana durante mucho tiempo. Aunque existen numerosos estudios que se centran en la informalidad urbana, la producción del espacio público sigue siendo un área relativamente poco estudiada. Basado en experiencias recopiladas en cinco asentamientos humanos en Piura, Perú, este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar las propiedades espaciales del espacio público producido por sus habitantes, comprender las motivaciones y la iniciativa detrás de su producción y su uso. El trabajo concluye que los espacios producidos representan una oportunidad para cuestionar y redefinir la concepción tradicional de la ciudad.
Analysis of a planned neighbourhood of Kinshasa and its mix with spontaneous extension neighbourhoods: the case of the Maman Mobutu City
Authors: Michieletto Manlio , Mukanya Kayembe Victor Bay
Published: May 2024

Kinshasa, one of Africa's most densely populated capital cities, has been grappling with the issue of informality in its planned settlements. This paper, aiming to understand this issue comprehensively, has employed a unique and rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis. The research includes material and site surveys, allowing for a detailed study of the transformation of the Mamam Mobutu Garden City. Built-in the 80s on an existing informal village, the project later faced an invasion of illegal settlers and constructions. The surroundings have also witnessed the radicalisation of precarious communities, posing a threat to achieving sustainable human development.
Más allá del desalojo: análisis sobre actuaciones según lógicas de arraigo en asentamientos precarios de población gitana en Galicia
Authors: Botana Iglesias Cristina
Published: May 2024

Frente a las políticas de desalojo-realojo, desde finales del siglo XIX, mejorar sin destruir ha sido una estrategia de acción pública en barrios margen que fortalece a sus residentes como agentes políticos. Entre las intervenciones según lógicas de arraigo en asentamientos precarios de Galicia habitados por población gitana, se distinguen tres procesos según la agencia vecinal considerada: recambio de vivienda, rehabilitación dirigida y autoconstrucción asistida. A través de las actuaciones de mejora en tres asentamientos gallegos, se pretende analizar sus impactos en términos de mejora ambiental-constructiva, situación sociocomunitaria y consolidación del barrio, elucidando componentes relevantes para diseñar políticas urbanas transformadoras.