bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
69.3: Transflective IPS‐LCD with Improved Reflective Contrast Ratio
Authors: Mori Kenichi , Sakamoto Michiaki , Matsushima Jin , Nagai Hiroshi , Inoue Daisuke , Naka Kenichirou , Sumiyoshi Ken
Published: January 2009

We devised the novel driving method for large inter‐electrode spaces and the double layer electrode of the transflective IPS‐LCD. Applying these two technologies, we developed the transflective IPS‐LCD which had a high contrast ratio (15:1) in the reflective mode and wide viewing‐angle characteristics in the transmissive mode. This reflective contrast ratio is well‐improved in transfective IPS‐LCDs.
70.2: Invited Paper: Holographic Laser Projection Technology
Authors: Buckley Edward
Published: January 2009

Light Blue Optics' holographic laser projection technology exploits the physical process of two‐dimensional diffraction to form video images. Such a method of image projection and display has long been desired, but was never previously realised, due to computational complexity and the poor quality of the resultant images. LBO's approach represents an entirely new approach to hologram generation and display, matched to human visual perceptive factors, which overcomes both of these problems enabling — for the first time — a high quality, real‐time holographic projector.
70.3: Novel Single Panel Projection Systems
Authors: Wang Yong‐Jing , Lupino James , Pei Manlin , Lu Guohua , Ren Honglin , Zheng Zhengrong , Li Haifeng
Published: January 2009

A novel single panel projection system using angular color technique is proposed to increase the color efficiency and to reduce the cost of projection systems. This system uses a single panel to display RGB information in spatially separated color zones. Special projection optics is utilized to merge the RGB pictures into a full color picture on the projection screen. The advantages are: 1) it has almost 100% color efficiency comparing with less than 33% efficiency in other sequential color systems, 2) the light engine is very compact and the cost is very low comparing with a traditional three panel systems. This light engine structure is compatible with traditional projection lamps, LEDs, and laser light sources. It is applicable to most of the microdisplay panel technologies including HTPS‐LCDs, LCOS, and DLP. A projector with HTPS‐LCD and Ujoy lamp was developed. This technology is very promising for ultra‐compact min projectors.
70.5L: Late‐News Paper: A Mobile Projection Engine with a Multi‐layer Reflective Polarizer Based PBS
Authors: Ardashnikov Boris , Duncan John , Glinski Alexander , Grace Jennifer , Pol Tom , Phillips Bill , Ridgeway Chuck , Rutherford Todd , Shiba Eitoku , VanOverloop Ron , Delmore Michael
Published: January 2009

We report the development of a compact, efficient and low cost VGA projection engine for mobile devices using LED illumination and a color filter LCoS panel. A number of advances in materials and polarization system design enable a 12.5 mm thick engine, with efficiency over 5 lm/W.
71.1: Invited Paper: Field Sequential Color LCD‐TV Using Multi‐Area Control Algorithm
Authors: Tai Wen‐Chih , Tsai Chi‐Chung , Chiou Shian‐Jun , Su Chih‐Ping , Chen Huang‐Min , Liu Chia‐Lin , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: January 2009

A new multi‐area control (MAC) algorithm was developed for color filter‐less LCD display and was verified on 32″ LCD‐TV and 15.4″ notebook platforms. As there is no color filter on the panel, the RGB LED must be used as the backlight source. Compared to the standard field sequential color algorithm, the MAC algorithm increases the brightness and decreases the demand for the liquid crystal response time. Furthermore, a combination of MAC algorithm and Color Local Dimming Sequential (CLDS) method can greatly reduce the power consumption and increase the contrast and color situation in LCD‐TV.
71.2: Gray Level Redistribution in Field Sequential Color LCD Technique for Color Breakup Reduction
Authors: Chen Chun‐Ho , Chen Ke‐Horng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Ho Ming‐Tsung
Published: January 2009

A gray level redistribution for color filterless liquid crystal displays (LCDs) was proposed to suppress the color breakup (CBU) artifact on field sequential color (FSC) displays. This method discolors the primary color fields and redistributes the color intensities to a color‐mixed field. The algorithm based on the image content was developed and implemented on a 32‐inch panel. According to the evaluation of experiments and observations, the proposed method has been demonstrated to greatly suppress CBU in LCD applications.
71.3: Field Sequential Color Notebook Using LED Scanning Backlight System
Authors: Lin Chin‐Young , Chou Ming‐Der , Tai Wen‐Chih , Huang Chia‐Ming , Tsou Chien‐Lung , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: January 2009

We developed a 15.4″ Color Filter‐less NB backlight system by using field sequential method and multi‐area algorithm successfully. We employed three parts individual light‐guides to reduce color mixing. The optimized micro‐structure pattern was designed to solve the dark line problem between the adjacent regions of light‐guides. As results, a 15.4″ TFT Color Filter‐less LCD NB was obtained with 250 nits and 80% uniformity.
71.5: Stencil‐FSC Method for Color Break‐Up Suppression and Low Power Consumption in Field‐Sequential LCDs
Authors: Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Wei Ching‐Ming , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Tsai Chi‐Chung , Tai Wen‐Chih
Published: January 2009

Field sequential color liquid crystal displays (FSC‐LCDs) are still facing a serious artifact, color break‐up (CBU), which degrades image quality. Consequently, we propose the “Stencil‐FSC” method, applying local color‐backlight dimming technology to FSC‐LCDs with a 240 Hz field rate which not only suppresses CBU efficiently but also enhances the contrast ratio of images in using ultralow average power consumption. The Stencil‐FSC method was demonstrated on a 32‐inch FSC‐ LCD and effectively suppressed CBU, resulting contrast ratio of more than 5,500:1, and average power of less than 45 Watt.
72.1: Invited Paper: PenTile RGBW® Color Processing
Authors: Elliott Candice H. Brown , Higgins Michael F. , Hwang Sarah , Han SeokJin , Botzas Anthony , Hsu Bai‐Shuh , Im Moon , Nishimura Shunichi
Published: January 2009

The conversion of tri‐vectored color values to quad‐vectors creates a degree of freedom that may be used to optimize color reproduction and image reconstruction. Global selection from among possible RGBW metamers improves image texture. Local selection from among possible metamers improves subpixel rendering. Combining RGBW with Dynamic Back Light Control eliminates Out‐of‐Gamut colors while still maintaining power reduction benefits of RGBW. Local mapping vs. global mapping of Out‐of‐Gamut colors improves brightness without sacrificing local luminance contrast for more aggressive power savings modes.
72.3: Free Color Wash‐Out Solution with Advanced Gamma‐Control Technology
Authors: Chen Chao‐Yuan , Su Jenn‐Jia , Hsu Simon W. H. , Su Justin , Chang Tingrei , Liau Wei Lung , Lien Alan
Published: January 2009

We report an advanced gamma control technology for color wash‐out free liquid crystal display (LCD) with individual subpixel control technique. The measured Δu'v' of the skin color is less than 0.02 at whole viewing angle. Compared to the conventional gamma setting, this advanced technology provides not only lower color wash‐out but the smoother oblique gamma curve with the suitable area ratio design. This implies that the delicate display quality can be achieved without artificial contour in oblique view.
72.4: Novel LCD Driver ICs with Built‐In Programmable RGB Independent Gamma Control
Authors: Nose Takashi , Furihata Hirobumi , Hayama Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

We have developed a novel LCD driver IC with a programmable RGB Independent gamma‐curve control function. Our driver can control gamma‐curves of LCD panels with various gamma values. By setting only a few registers, detailed and accurate controls can be achieved. And, by correcting gamma‐curve of red, green and blue independently, driven LCDs have achieved high quality display images without the color shift.
73.1: Invited Paper: Modeling the Effect of Image Noise on Perceptual Decisions
Authors: Abbey Craig K. , Eckstein Miguel P.
Published: January 2009

Image noise arising from acquisition or display can limit the utility of images acquired for medical or scientific purposes. for several years, investigators in the medical image perception community have been building models of how human observers perform basic visual tasks in the presence of image noise. We review these models along with some experimental validations of them.
73.2: A New Methodology for Clinical and Perceived Quality of Medical Displays
Authors: Marchessoux Cédric , Spalla Guillaume , Kimpe Tom
Published: January 2009

The aim of the study presented in this paper is to develop and validate a new methodology for comparing medical displays by means of a clinical perceived image quality approach. for this purpose, as virtual specialist, a Human Visual Observer Model (HVOM) was developed and can determine when the signal pathology can be perceived on the displays. A curve corresponding to the perception vs signal contrast generated and based on it, displays can be compared.
73.4: Investigation of Crosstalk in a 2‐View 3D Display
Authors: Chen Li , Tu Yan , Liu Wei , Li Qiaofen , Teunissen Kees , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: January 2009

In stereoscopic displays, the views for both eyes must be clearly separated otherwise crosstalk is observed. Both visibility and annoyance of crosstalk is investigated for a 2‐view 3D display with perception experiments. Results show that a 1% increment in crosstalk is visible, while 5.8% crosstalk is perceptible, but not annoying.
10.2: Motion Artifact Analysis on Scanning Backlight LCD
Authors: Song Wen , Teunissen Kees , Li Xiaohua , Zhang Yuning , Wang Xianchun , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: January 2009

A simulation method based on temporal step response measurements is used to model motion artifacts of a scanning‐backlight LCD‐TV, including ghosts and color aberration. Simulation results are validated with perception experiments, and thus can be used to develop metrics predicting an LCD's motion performance.
73.5L: Late‐News Paper: Observer Strategies for Assessment of Temporal Response — Effect of Technology
Authors: Liang Hongye , Badano Aldo
Published: January 2009

We compare the detection performance of human observers in LCDs and CRTs using artificial complex backgrounds. Our results suggest that the degradation in performance at high browsing speeds observed in LCDs is not seen or much more subtle in CRTs, even at 50 frames per second.
P‐1: Artificial Retina Using Thin‐Film Devices
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Nishizaki Yoshitaka , Shima Takehiro , Yamashita Takehiko
Published: January 2009

We demonstrate an artificial retina using the p/i/n thin‐film phototransistors and thin‐film transistors. The illuminance detection is confirmed with sensitivity control. A kind of image‐operation function, edge enhancement, is also integrated. This artificial retina is suitable for living bodies because it can be potentially fabricated on the harmless substrate.
P‐2: Pulse‐Width Modulation with Current Uniformization for TFT‐OLEDs
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Suzuki Daisuke , Hara Yuji , Sawamura Shigeki , Kato Masakazu
Published: January 2009

A novel driving concept, pulse‐width modulation with current uniformization, is proposed for TFT‐OLEDs. This driving method can simultaneously achieve precise grayscale and exceedingly improve luminance uniformity. Its working is confirmed using an actual pixel equivalent circuit. Its tolerance against characteristic deviations of TFTs and OLEDs is confirmed using circuit simulation.
P‐6: Zn0.97Zr0.03O‐TFT Fabricated by Sol‐Gel Method and Its Application for Active Matrix LCDs
Authors: Chiang Shin‐Chuan , Yu Chin‐Chih , Chang Fan‐Wei , Liang Shuo‐Wei , Tsai Chia‐Hao , Chuang Bor‐Chuan , Tsay Chien‐Yie
Published: January 2009

In this study, Zn0.97Zr0.03O thin films were prepared by sol‐gel method and TFTs with Zn0.97Zr0.03O active channel layer were fabricated. Field effect mobility and threshold voltage of the Zn0.97Zr0.03O‐TFT are 0.0042 cm2/V‐sec and 24.5 V, respectively. In addition, a 4.1″ diagonal QVGA AM‐LCD driven by Zn0.97Zr0.03O‐TFT has been successfully developed.
P‐7: Improving Electrical Performance of the Scaled Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si Thin Film Transistors Using Vacuum Encapsulation Technique
Authors: Lin Wei‐Kai , Liao Ta‐Chuan , Wu Chun‐Yu , Tu Shih‐Wei , Liu Yen‐Ting , Lin Jun‐Quan , Cheng Huang‐Chung , Chien Feng‐Tso , Chen Wan‐Lu , Chen Chii‐Wen , Tai Ya‐Hsiang
Published: January 2009

A novel T‐shaped‐gated (T‐Gate) polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistor (poly‐Si TFT) with in‐Situ vacuum gaps has been proposed and fabricated with a simple process. The T‐Gate structure is formed only by a selective undercut‐etching technology of the Mo/Al bi‐layers. Then, vacuum gaps are in‐Situ embedded in this T‐Gate structure subsequent to capping the SiH4‐based passivation oxide under the vacuum process chamber. The proposed T‐Gate poly‐Si TFT has demonstrated to suppress the short‐channel effects by simulated and measured characterization. It is attributed to the undoped offset region and vacuum gap to reduce the maximum electric field at drain junction.
P‐9: Metallic Nanowires Film as Transparent Conducting Layer in TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Lai Shih‐Hsiang , Ou Chun‐Yao , Tsai Chia‐Hao , Chuang Bor‐Chuan , Ma Ming‐Ying , Liang Shuo‐Wei
Published: January 2009

In this study, an innovative metallic nanowires (M‐NW) film was prepared by solution‐based method and was employed as transparent conducting layer in TFT‐LCD as replacement to ITO. The transparency and surface resistivity of the M‐NW film are 92% and 30Ω/□, respectively. In addition, a 4.1″ diagonal QVGA AM‐LCD with M‐NW film has been successfully developed.
P‐10: Low Voltage Transflective Liquid Crystal Display with Wide Viewing Angle and Low Gray Level Inversion
Authors: Hsiao Chia‐Chiang , Lin Yung‐Lun , Cheng Ching‐Sheng , Hu Chin‐Jen , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: January 2009

A low driving voltage transflective electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) liquid crystal display (LCD) has been developed base on the Poincare sphere. The operation voltage can be reduced by adjusting the LC path in the Poincare sphere at dark state and compensating the LC residual phase with polarizer films. Based on this method, a low driving voltage about 3.3 Volt with high contrast ratio has been achieved. The power consumption of the panel could be reduced 10%∼15%.
P‐11: Amorphous In2O3‐Ga2O3‐ZnO Thin Film Transistors and Integrated Circuits on Flexible and Colorless Polyimide Substrates
Authors: Hsieh Hsing‐Hung , Wu Cheng‐Han , Wu Chung‐Chih , Yeh Yung‐Hui , Tyan Horng‐Long , Leu Chyi‐Ming
Published: January 2009

A process was developed for fine fabrication of amorphous IGZO TFTs and integrated circuits on flexible and colorless polyimide substrates. TFTs with field‐effect mobilities of ∼10 cm2/Vs and ring oscillators with propagation delay of 0.35 μs per stage were achieved on the polyimide substrates.
P‐12: A New Stable a‐Si:H TFT Pixel for AMOLED by Employing the a‐Si:H TFT Photo Sensor
Authors: Shin Hee‐Sun , Park Hyun‐Sang , Lee Woocheul , Han Min‐Koo , Yoo Juhn‐Seok , Kim Chang‐Dong , Kang InByeong
Published: January 2009

The optical feedback pixel circuit has been attractive compensation scheme for improving AMOLED display quality. We reported that the photoelectric characteristics of the a‐Si:H TFT as the integrated photo sensor under two bias condition (Vgs=0V, Vgs<0V). And we proposed a new optical feedback pixel circuit integrating the a‐Si:H TFT photo sensor in each pixel. In order to improve the compensation ability, the sensor part is separated to the gate of driving TFT during selecting time. We verified the proposed pixel circuit could compensate the variation of OLED luminance not only by TFT degradation, but also by OLED degradation. We will also report the experimental results.
P‐14: Low‐Cost Amoled Televeision with IGNIS Compensating Technology
Authors: Chaji G. Reza , Alexander Stefan , Nathan Arokia , Church Corbin
Published: January 2009

MaxLife™ is a breakthrough backplane solution for AMOLED television. We demonstrate a compensating technology with a prototype that monitors and corrects for the OLED and TFT aging at each pixel for expected lifetimes of 50,000h+. This provides a tremendous boost in realizing low‐cost AMOLED TVs using amorphous or poly‐Silicon backplanes.
10.4: Measurement of Moving Picture Resolution for Displays Using Scrolled Sine‐Bursts
Authors: Kawahara Isao
Published: January 2009

Measurement of moving picture resolution for displays has been established, featuring a set of scrolled sine‐bursts with different frequencies and different signal levels. for higher accuracy, ingenious ideas including sub‐pixel scrolling are introduced, showing the definite advantages over response‐time‐based approaches. Automated system and human visual perception are also discussed.
P‐15: A 3 inch Active Matrix for Color Sequential‐ Liquid Crystal Display (CS‐LCD) Based on Metal Induced Continuous Zonal Domain (CZD) Polycrystalline Silicon Technology
Authors: Zhao Shuyun , Meng Zhiguo , Li Yuetwing , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: January 2009

Color‐sequential liquid crystal display (CS‐LCD) can be realized without color filter but using a field sequential LED backlight, which enables a high efficiency of backlight and low power consumption. In this paper, the fast addressing active matrix for CS‐LCD is designed and fabricated with the technology of metal induced continuous zonal domain (CZD) polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (TFTs). This panel provides fast addressing characteristics and large aperture ratio. Assembled with fast liquid crystal technology, high color purity and clear moving image can be obtained.
P‐19: Flexible Pentacene Organic Thin Film Transistors Using Sol‐Gel Hybrid Polymer Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Choi Chaun Gi , Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Bae Byeong‐Soo
Published: January 2009

Flexible organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) have been realized with sol‐gel hybrid polymers (hybrimer) gate dielectric and poly(ether sulfone) substrate. The hybrimer thin films have good electrical and surface properties. OTFTs on polymer substrate exhibit good OTFT performance and small hysteresis.
P‐21: Stability and Integrability Evaluation of Organic Thin Film Transistor with Solution Processable Semiconductor
Authors: Yu Chien‐Hsien , Lei Tan‐Fu , Yan Jing‐Yi , Liao Jin‐Long , Chen Liang‐Hsiang , Lee Yen‐Ying , Lin Mei‐Ru , Shen Yu‐Yuan , Lee Tzu‐Wei , Lin Tsung‐Hsien , Liao Ko‐Pin , Yeh Shu‐Tung , Cheng Kung‐You , Ho Jia‐Chong , Chen Ming‐Chou
Published: January 2009

We demonstrate Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with solution‐processed semiconductor, triethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene (TES‐ADT), as the active layer materials are investigated. Bottom‐gate solution‐processed TES‐ADT OTFTs possess excellent performance with mobility of 0.05 cm2V−1s−1, current modulation of 4×106, sub‐threshold slope of 0.91 V/dec. and threshold voltage of −7.7 V on glass substrate. The reliability of device is evaluated and demonstrates good electrical performance uniformity and stability after bias stress. Particularly, the devices exhibit reversible degradation after vacuum annealing, shown it's environmental stability under air atmosphere. Moreover, the device integrability has been demonstrated with two transistors‐one capacitor (2T1C) array for display media driving such as organic light emitting diode (OLED).
P‐23: Transparent Amorphous Oxide Thin Film Transistors Fabricated by Solution Coating Process
Authors: Seo Seok‐Jun , Choi Chaun Gi , Hwang Young Hwan , Bae Byeong‐Soo
Published: January 2009

Transparent thin film transistors (TTFTs) with zinc tin oxide (ZTO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO) channel layer by a simple and low‐cost solution process were demonstrated. The fabricated TTFTs exhibited reasonable transfer characteristics with mobilities of >cm2/V⋅s.
P‐24: Fabrication of Solution Processed InGaZnO Thin Film Transistor for Active Matrix Backplane
Authors: Kim Gun Hee , Shin Hyun Soo , Kim Kyung Ho , Park Won Jun , Choi Yoon Jung , Du Ahn Byung , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: January 2009

We report the solution processed polycrystalline InGaZnO thin film transistor. The films with molar ratio of In, Ga, and Zn (1: 1: 2) were deposited by spin coating, and the device exhibits an on‐to‐off current ratio of ∼1.88×105 and field effect mobility of ∼0.96 cm2/Vs, respectively.
P‐25: Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistor Fabricated without any Substrate Heating for a Flexible Display
Authors: Kim Sun‐Jae , Han Sang‐Myeon , Kuk Seung‐Hee , Kang Dong‐Won , Ha Tae‐Jun , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2009

We have fabricated nc‐Si film and SiO2 film without substrate heating using ICP‐CVD. nc‐Si film has amorphous incubation layer of 12nm and crystalline volume fraction of 27%. Hydrogen plasma post‐treatment was performed SiO2 film and electrical characteristic of SiO2 film was improved due to reduction of charges and annealing effect. And we have fabricated nc‐Si TFT without substrate heating using ICP‐CVD. Although there was no external heating, mobility of 6.42cm2/V⋅s was obtained. This result indicates that nc‐Si TFT fabricated without any substrate heating may be suitable device for a flexible display.
P‐26: Thermally Annealed Asymmetric‐Offset Polycrystalline Thin Film Transistor with Low Leakage
Authors: Lee Won‐Kyu , Han Sang‐Myeon , Kang Dong‐Won , Han Min‐Koo , Choi Joonhoo , Kim Chi‐Woo
Published: January 2009

We have designed and fabricated a new top gate asymmetric offset structured n‐type depletion mode poly‐Si TFT of which the leakage current was considerably reduced due to successful suppression of electric field near the drain region caused by the asymmetric offset structure. The TFT was fabricated on the glass substrate by employing alternating magnetic field enhanced rapid thermal annealing (AMFERTA). The a‐Si and n+ a‐Si layers were deposited successively, and did not use any other ion doping methods. The asymmetric offset structure could be made without additional processes or masks. This new structure suppressed the leakage current to about 86% of non‐offset structured AMFERTA poly‐Si TFT without considerable sacrifice of on current. This suppression method of leakage current can be helpful to remain the good image quality and save the power consumption of AMOLED panels.
P‐27: Advanced Gate‐All‐Around Fin‐Like Poly‐Si TFTs with Multiple Nanowire Channels
Authors: Tu Shih‐Wei , Liao Ta‐Chuan , Lin Wei‐Kai , Liu Cheng‐Chin , Tai Ya‐Hsiang , Cheng Huang‐Chung , Chien Feng‐Tso , Chen Chii‐Wen , Chen Wan‐Lu
Published: January 2009

The gate‐all‐around (GAA) fin‐like poly‐Si TFTs (FinTFTs) with multiple nanowire channels (MNCs) have been fabricated using a simple process to demonstrate high performance electrical characteristics. The fin‐like nanowire (NW) channel with high body thickness‐to‐width ratio (TFin/WFin), approximately equals to one, was realized only with a sidewall‐spacer formation. The unique suspending MNCs were also achieved to build the GAA structure. By the way, the GAA‐MNC FinTFTs showed outstanding three‐dimensional gate controllability and excellent electrical characteristics, which revealed a high ON/OFF current ratio (> 108), a low threshold voltage, a steep subthreshold swing, a near‐free drain‐induced barrier lowering and a good reliability. Therefore, such the high‐performance GAA‐MNC FinTFTs are very suitable for the applications in the system‐on‐panel (SOP) and three‐dimensional (3D) circuits.
P‐28: ZnO TFTs Fabricated at Room Temperature by Solution Process
Authors: Oh Ji‐Young , Kang Seung‐Youl , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Kim Gi‐Hyun , Ahn Seong Duk , Kim Chul‐Am , Koo Jae Bon , Suh Kyoung‐Soo , Shim Hong‐Ku
Published: January 2009

The ZnO nanorods TFT using solution process was investigated. The nanorods were well‐chemically synthesized by ultrasonic methods and their length and diameter were adjusted to about 50∼150nm and 5∼15nm, respectively. The nanorods were coated onto SiO2 substrate by spin casting. The nanorods films were treated at room temperature condition. The device exhibits an on‐to‐off current ratio of 8.6 × 105 and a field mobility 2.1 cm2V−1s−1.
P‐30: A Relation Between an a‐Si: H Integrated Buffer Transistor Resistance and Falling Time of Gate Output Signal
Authors: Kim Do‐Sung , Jo Sung‐Hak , Jeong Seong‐Hun , Nam Dae‐Hyun , Min Soon‐Young , Lee Kyung‐Ha , Shin Jong‐Keun , Chung In Jae
Published: January 2009

In case of using an a‐Si:H integrated gate driver for TFT‐LCD [1–4], it's important to define gate falling time exactly. Because an a‐Si:H integrated gate driver might degrade with bad environment easily, which result in gate signal delay or decreasing output signal. In other words, a little degradation of a‐Si:H gate driver affects the quality of picture. If a little degradation of a‐Si:H gate driver under special circumstance is inevitable, it's necessary to make a gate driver has so sufficient margin time within one horizontal time that cannot be interfered with next data signal. So, it's necessary to understand what factors affect the a‐Si:H integrated gate output signal. Especially, we focused an a effect of buffer transistor resistance for gate output signal. In our study, with a test a‐Si:H integrated gate driver pattern and simple simulation process, a relation a‐Si:H integrated buffer transistor resistance and gate output signal is analyzed.
P‐259L: Late‐News Poster: A 14inch Uniform AMOLED Display with Low Cost PECVD Based Microcrystalline Silicon TFT Backplanes
Authors: Girotra Kunal , Park Seungyu , Huh Jung‐Moo , Hong Chen , Park Kyoungtae , Lee Sangpil , Lee J. H. , Chu Changwoong , Goh Joonchul , Choi Joonhoo , Kim Chiwoo , Souk J. H.
Published: January 2009

This paper discusses development of uniform 14.1 inch AMOLED display using PECVD based microcrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) TFTs. Microcrystalline silicon was deposited using conventional 13.56 MHz Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) with novel gas precursors. The mc‐Si TFT's show a field effect mobility of around 1cm2/V.s and off‐current less than 1pA. Electrical stress on mc‐Si TFTs for a long time shows no significant threshold voltage shift indicating a stable TFT backplane. Significant uniformity improvements were made with novel TFT structure to give uniform AMOLED display. The deposition time for mc‐Si TFTs was significantly reduced by using a thin mc‐Si layer. Mc‐Si TFT backplanes using conventional PECVD equipment offers significant cost advantages over other competing laser and non‐laser polysilicon TFT technologies for AMOLEDs.
P‐31: Thin and Light Integrated TSP with Enhanced Display Qualities
Authors: Kim Seongho , Kim Seonmin , Chang Youngjin , Jin Seonghyun , Moon Sangho , Choi Jaebeom , Kim Chiwoo , Yun Haeyoung
Published: January 2009

We have developed an innovative liquid crystal display (LCD) which includes a resistive type touch screen system — integrated touch screen panel (iTSP). It can detect touch events and locate touch positions by measuring voltage at the contact point between indium tin oxide (ITO) coated color filter glass and ITO conductive isotropic film. iTSP shows not only better display qualities outside but also considerable decreases in weight and thickness compared to conventional resistive touch screen panel which consists of ITO glass and conductive film. In this paper, main characteristics of 7.0″ WVGA LCD Panel integrated with the touch screen function were presented and the optical characteristics also were discussed.
P‐32: Innovative Application for Electrowetting Displays
Authors: Bitman Andriy , Bartels Frank , Schmoll Andreas , Blankenbach Karlheinz , Jerosch Dieter
Published: January 2009

Electrowetting is a new display technology with unique features: bistability, high reflectivity, low power consumption and wide temperature range. This enables new applications like diverse indicating elements, displays, advertising media, signboards and other devices.
P‐36: Native Dual Mode Digitizers: Supporting Pen, Touch and Multi‐Touch Inputs in One Device on any LCD
Authors: Engelhardt Lenny
Published: January 2009

At N‐trig we develop, commercialize, manufacture, and market natural input digitizer solutions that enable more effective human‐machine communication — empowering creativity, enhancing productivity, and lowering barriers to adoption of emerging personal computing technology. Recent developments in sensor materials combined with sophisticated software algorithms enable true digital touch, multi‐touch and battery less stylus as simultaneous inputs on a wide range of computer applications and LCD sizes.
P‐260L: Late‐News Poster: Design of Multi‐Screen RGBW LCDs for Information Displays
Authors: Lim Jongjin , Kwon Kyungjoon , Lee Junho , Shim Yeonshim , Oh Euiyeol , Ahn Inho , Kang In‐Byeong , Chung In‐Jae
Published: January 2009

A 2×2 module prototype is developed with four 15‐inch RGBW LCDs. Transmittance of LCD is increased with the low resolution, that is, qXGA(512×RG×384×BW). Using a new RGBW conversion algorithm, white and R/G/B luminance are increased 270% and 130% respectively in comparison with the 15‐inch conventional RGB LCD. An electronics system is implemented and a GUI is developed to support the hardware image control for tiled display.
P‐37: Study of the Ergonomics Requirement for Color Difference in Electronic Displays
Authors: Hisatake Yuzo , Ikeda Azusa , Ito Hideki , Obi Masaki , Kawata Yasushi , Murayama Akio
Published: January 2009

We have studied the dependency on color chroma and hue for allowable and optimal levels to color difference. The deeper the chroma, the wider the areas of optimal and allowable limits. The plot of each limit for deep RGB on the chromaticity diagram shows that the width for chroma is wider than that of hue area.
P‐38: Flexible Displays: Cognitive Performance Studies
Authors: Pölönen Monika , Häkkinen Jukka , Jansson Doris , Salmimaa Marja , Kimmel Jyrki
Published: January 2009

In this research project, we studied people's ability to read and understand information using, to our knowledge, for the first time a real flexible display. The test consisted of three different bending angles and font sizes with two different lighting conditions. According to the subjective test results, both bending angles and font sizes had a significant influence on the final performance.
P‐40: Color Bias Elimination Technique for Motion Image
Authors: Lai Yueh‐Yi , Liao Wen‐Hung , Chang Kai‐Chieh
Published: January 2009

The issue of the color motion blur had become the most significant study of the LCD image quality. The motion blur edge width and the motion color bias are two major components of the color motion blur. In this paper, a color bias elimination technique was proposed to improve the image quality of motion color images. The added pseudo color was presented to reduce the level of color bias and new color bias index was used to judge the level of color bias of captured images via a pursuit camera system. The color lookup table (CLUT) had built automatically by this technique to improve the image quality of moving color images. Experiment results revealed that the added pseudo color images had the better image quality than the original moving images not only in the color bias index evaluation but also in the subjective test.
P‐42: Understanding Gamma Correction for High Dynamic Range Displays
Authors: Kykta Martin
Published: January 2009

Gamma correction is required for a display to have linear gray scale. The standard gamma correction should be replaced by the DICOM gray scale function for a correction that extends over a larger dynamic range The DICOM correction is consistent with a Modified Steven's law.
11.3: A LCD Novel Design for High Contrast Ratio
Authors: Chen Chih Wen , Lu Phoebe , Tien M. F. , Su Potato , Chang TingJui , Liau Wei Lung , Lien Alan
Published: January 2009

In this paper we succeeded to develop a approach by using new material, named gray bump in stead of current bump material to achieve excellent contrast ratio(CR) of liquid crystal display(LCD) at normal direction for MVA mode. Meanwhile, we needn't change any processes, and surely no additional cost. Except CR enhancement at normal direction, it can also reduce the oblique light leakage of dark state and improve the viewing angle. We evaluate the response time and reliability for image sticking of this new bump design and it has the similar response time and image sticking performance as the original bump design. Finally, we also show the CR >3000:1 32″ TV that adopting this new design and using higher CR polarizers with lower haze value surface treatment.
P‐44: Overall Judgment by Comparison with Polish and Matt Surface for some FPDs with Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Hisatake Yuzo , Sasaki Tohru , Kato Shinsuke , Kawahara Isao , Sumino Tomonobu , Otsuka Akira , Hoshi Hitoshi , Haga Hiroshi , Takizawa Keiji , Tomizawa Kazunari , Asai Nobutoshi , Someya Jun , Yamamoto Tsunenori , Yuuki Akimasa , Hamamoto Daisuke , Hashiguchi Jumpei , Ando Toru , Nakano Yoshihiko
Published: January 2009

We evaluated the priority order among four image quality factors:legibility/readability, sharpness/pureness, graleness/fatigue and reality/fidelity, and compared the image qualities to four surface treatments: polish, polish with anti‐reflection treatment and matt surfaces as 12% and 25% haze, for three applications with main size panels: mobile‐phone, PC, television by using analytic hierarchy process.
P‐47: Novel Evaluation Method for Visibility of Reflective Electronic Paper Display by Comparative Examination with Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Nishimura Kohsuke , Omodani Makoto , Imai Junko
Published: January 2009

An organoleptic examination technique is proposed for evaluating visibility of reflective electronic paper display (EP). The visibility of EP was compared with that of LCD under various ambient illuminances. The threshold illuminance, above which the visibility of EP was better than that of LCD, was successfully extracted.
P‐49: A Gamut‐Mapping Algorithm with Separate Skin and Non‐Skin Color Preference Controls for Wide‐Color‐Gamut TV
Authors: Pan Hao , Daly Scott
Published: January 2009

Recently emerging wide‐color‐gamut (WCG) TVs face two challenges. Viewers welcome the increase in color saturation of WCG TVs, but do not welcome unnatural skin color rendering due to the stretching of the narrower color gamut (such as the color gamut defined in sRGB/ITU‐R BT.709/601).

In this paper, we propose a color gamut mapping algorithm (GMA□ to address the problem. The proposed GMA consists of two sub‐GMAs: the first sub‐GMA is focused on correctly rendering skin colors, and the second sub‐GMA is on rendering no‐ skin colors. In order to allow viewers to independently adjust skin and non‐skin colors according to their preference, the skin colors rendered by the first sub‐GMA and the non‐skin colors rendered by the second sub‐GMA go through two seperate viewer preference adjustment modules. Then the mapped and viewer‐adjusted skin and non‐skin colors are blended according to skin scores, which are scalars between 0 and 1. A skin score is assigned to a color to describe its likelihood to be a skin color and is obtained by extensive training on sample sets. Skin scores of an image are filtered by a linear lowpass filter to prevent generating artifacts.
P‐50: Elimination of Gamma Variation in Large LCD Panels for Television, Notebook and Monitor Applications
Authors: Orlando Richard , Larimer James
Published: January 2009

Elimination of the panel‐to‐panel gamma variation significantly reduces the perceived panel‐to‐panel color variation. A new architecture for eliminating the variation in the driving electronics and additionally a technique to compensate for panel cell gap variations results in reducing luminance errors to less than 1% for the entire grayscale.
P‐51: A Novel Image Quality Enhancement Method for AMOLEDs
Authors: Park Byung‐Hwee , Kim Seung‐Kyu , Jeon Chang‐Hoon , Hong Soon‐Kwang , Kim Byeong‐Koo , Ha Yong‐Min
Published: January 2009

We have developed a novel image quality enhancement method for AMOLEDs, which is based on advanced sunlight readability (ASR) technology. It consists of adaptive gamma peak control (AGPC) image processing algorithm and the reflectance reduction method (RRM). AGPC can boost the peak luminance of some specific images up to 2 times higher than that of normal driving in AMOLEDs while the maximum power consumption can be reduced by 40% depending on image contents. RRM can achieve half of reflectance from panel surface to cover of mobile device in applying optical plastic. The developed method is useful for acquiring more vivid image and better readability under sunlight condition.
P‐54: An 8 ms Delay Real‐Time Image Transmission System for Remote Desktop
Authors: Nakao Masashi , Kita Masaki , Chen Haifeng , Miyama Masayuki
Published: January 2009

We've introduced the system achieved low delay (about 8 msec) and high image quality for both desktop images and motion pictures like mouse curser at SID 2006 and 2007. In this paper, we explained the improvement about large area motion picture quality without degradation of real‐time performance. The method can keep the low delay and is based on differential image between frames and tile‐independent frame skipping without feedback control loop. 3.1
P‐55: A 10‐Bit Digital‐to‐Analog Converter Using Active Resistor Strings for TFT LCDs
Authors: Lee Woo‐Nyoung , Choi Changhwee , Kim Hyungtae , Park Jeongtae , Ahn Jeongah , Lee Seungkwon , Chang Kye‐eon
Published: January 2009

A general source driver IC used in TFT (Thin Film Transistor) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is non‐linear passive resistor string DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) architecture. However, It has the limits for satisfaction needs of market. In this paper, a new linear active resistor string DAC architecture of the source drive IC used in the TFT LCD is proposed. A new linear active resistor string DAC architecture is capable to support more size efficiency and multiple gamma value and reduction RC delay. It is implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS process, and INL & DNL of active resistor string DAC are ±0.5 LSB and ±0.3 LSB each other.
P‐56: One‐Chip Driver IC for 16 Million Color WXGA LTPS TFT LCD Panel
Authors: Kim KyungMyun , Kim Sang‐Woo , Song Nam Jin , Kim HyoSun , Cho MinSoo , Jeon Phil‐Jae , Wu Zhong‐Yuan , Choi Yoon‐Kyung , Lee Myunghee
Published: January 2009

One‐chip driver IC for 16 million color (24‐bit color depth) wide extended graphic array (WXGA) low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) TFT LCD panel is presented. It adopts the 1:6 demuxing scheme to integrate multiple source driver ICs on a single chip. Also, it incorporates a timing controller (T/CON), a LVDS receiver and level shifters to generate control signals to the panel.
P‐57: A 10‐Bit TFT‐LCD Column Driver with Hybrid Digital to Analog Converters
Authors: Lu Chih‐Wen , Xu Zhi‐Yu
Published: January 2009

A 10‐bit TFT‐LCD column driver with hybrid DACs is proposed. The data conversion is implemented by an R‐DAC and a C‐DAC, which are used for the MSB and LSB data conversions, respectively. The simulated results show that the DAC exhibits the maximum DNL and INL of 0.28 LSB and 0.35 LSB, respectively. The settling time is within 4 μs. The areas for one R‐DAC and one C‐DAC are 0.438 × 1.063 mm2 and 0.207 × 0.11 mm2, respectively.
P‐59: Advance System Solution for Driving Multi Array RGB LED Backlight
Authors: Peker Arkadiy , Ferentz Alon , Korcharz Dror , Levy Raanan , Blaut Roni , Langer Tamir
Published: January 2009

This paper presents an advanced and comprehensive system solution for driving multi‐array LED BL with advance features in a LCD TV and offers a cost effective algorithm for optimizing LED backlight power dissipation based on adaptive digital control of the power supplies, and compares the impact of LED dimming methods on color chromaticity accuracy.

Experimental results and measurements are provided.
P‐60: Color Sequential LED Backlight Power System with Ripple‐Free Circuits for Large‐Scale LCD Panels
Authors: Tseng Sheng‐Yu , Lin Huang‐Chou , Lin Shin‐Chang , Chao Han‐Yu , Tsou Chien‐Lung
Published: January 2009

This paper presents a color sequential light‐emitting diode (LED) backlight power system for large‐scale LCD panels. The proposed power system uses ripple‐free circuit to improve image quality. In the proposed circuit structure, a set of power converter is operated in interleaving fashion and with switching regulation for generating two sets of output voltages to respectively supply red, green and blue LEDs by switch control. with this approach, an inductor for achieving ripple—free feature is adopted in each phase of the proposed interleaving converter. Compared to the conventional color—sequential LED backlight power system, the proposed power converter can be reduced its power converter counts, size, volume and cost, and increased its conversion efficiency significantly. Simulated results obtained from the proposed power system have been verified its feasibility.
12.2: Solution Processable Passivation Layer for Active Matrix Thin Film Transistors on Rigid and Flexible Substrates
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Ahila , Spear Richard , Gebrebrhan Amanuel , Stifanos Mehari , Bien Hai , Lowe Marie , Yellowaga Deborah , Smith Peter , O'Rourke Shawn , Loy Doug , Dailey Jeff , Marrs Michael , Ageno Scott
Published: January 2009

Organosiloxane based spin on planarizing dielectrics (PTS‐E and PTS‐R) were developed for application in flat panel displays as a replacement to conformal chemical vapor deposited SiNx. Here we demonstrate the successful use of siloxane‐based material as a passivation layer for active matrix α‐Si thin film transistors (TFT) on both rigid and flexible substrates.
P‐64: Optimum Slit Design Simulation Applied by the Gray‐Tone Photolithography
Authors: Choi Seung‐Jin , Kim Ki‐Yong , Jing Lv , Yong Y. S. , You J. G. , Lee J. Y.
Published: January 2009

Optimum slit design applied by the gray‐tone photolithography with protrusion and diagonal has been established by simulation and experiments. The adoption of protrusion and diagonal are able to defend loss of active layer and curve of Source/Drain. The stable and uniform gray‐tone process was accomplished by slit mask which had optimum diagonal slit design without ripple of transmittance in same TFT. Moreover we found that channel bias was changed by ripple in same transmittance.

OPTOLITH simulation was able to assume gray‐tone pattern and seek optimum slit design but it was necessary to confirm by experiment. In this research, we have organized slit design guide applied by the gray‐tone photolithography through simulation and experiments.
P‐66: Large Area Color Filter Fabrication by Using Ink‐Jet Printing Technology
Authors: Wu Siang‐Jhih , Cheng Jung‐An , Chen Huang‐Ming P. , Shin You‐Ru , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Liu Pei‐Yu , Lo Yu‐Cheng , Li Huai‐An , Hsieh Wen‐Jen , Chiu Hao‐Chieh , Li Chi‐Hsin , Chou Kevin
Published: January 2009

A novel ink jet printing process without additional photolithography process for large area color filter fabrication has been developed in this study. A 100×100 mm2 model of 32″ color filters was fabricated for evaluation. New developed RGB inks were able to achieve 73% NTSC standard with the thickness of R, G, and B films at 1.80, 1.90, and 1.80 μm, respectively. The overflow issue can be solved by surface pretreatments, and color inks formulation.
P‐67: Wet Etching of Gallium Indium Zinc Oxide (GIZO) Semiconductor for Thin Film Transistor Application
Authors: Seo Jong Hyun , Lee Sang‐Hyuk , Seo Bo‐Hyun , Jeon Jae‐Hong , Choe HeeHwan , Lee Kang‐Woong
Published: January 2009

Recently, a significant progress has been made in the characterization of gallium indium zinc oxide (GIZO) as a new semiconductor layer instead of amorphous Si semiconductor used in thin film transistor. However, the wet behavior of GIZO thin film in the etching solutions which is conventionally used in TFT industry has not been reported yet. In this work, wet etch behavior of RF magnetron sputtered GIZO thin film in a new wet etchant was studied.
P‐68: Recent Development of Anisotropic Conductive Film for Fine Pitch COF Connection
Authors: Ishimatsu Tomoyuki , Kojima Ryoji
Published: January 2009

Since developed at first in 1977 by our company, Anisotropic Conductive Film (ACF) has spread its applicable domain. Recently as LCD panel becomes high definition and pattern pitch of COF becomes so fine that conventional ACF is hard to be applied. In this paper, we present newly developed ACF which is suitable for fine pitch COF connection.
P‐69: PDP Fabricated with Low‐Temperature Processes Below 300°C Using Sol‐Gel Hybrid Polymers (Hybrimer PDP)
Authors: Bae Byeong‐Soo , Kim Jeong Hwan , Ko Jihoon , Jung KyungHo , Jin JungHo , Yang SeungCheol , Kim Sung Wook , Jeon Duk Young
Published: January 2009

PDP was fabricated using low‐temperature processable sol‐gel hybrid polymers (hybrimers) as the dielectric and barrier rib materials replacing the glass frits. All the processes including dielectric coating, barrier rib molding fabrication, phosphor printing and sealing were performed at low temperature below 300°C. This new process is easy, simple and cheap to be capable of producing a large PDP with high yield without applying high temperature processes.
P‐70: Improvement of Material Utilization of Organic Evaporation Source for Manufacturing Large‐Sized AMOLED Devices
Authors: Kim Hae Won , Han Seok Yoon , Shim Hyung Bo , Patrin John , Bresnahan Rich , Conroy Chad , Yoo Jay
Published: January 2009

We have developed a valved organic evaporation source for 4th generation substrate (730*920mm2) which enables shutoff during idling time and open process time only. So we could improve the efficiency of material utilization dramatically compared with conventional sources such as point sources or linear sources. Generally, linear source is longer than width of substrate and it makes material consumed so much. However, a valved source we developed is designed shorter than width of substrate to save material by preventing unnecessary flux out warding the substrate. In addition, it is comprised of 5 individual nozzles which have many holes in order to achieve the desired uniformity. As a result, we could obtain 30% of material utilization and 5% of non‐uniformity for a 730mm wide substrate. We expect this source can improve performance and reduce the COO (Cost of Operation).
P‐71: Substrate Adhesion Technique Using Thermosetting Resin to Apply Roll‐to‐Roll Process to Manufacturing of LCDs
Authors: Gwag Jin‐Seog , Han In‐Yung , Bae Kwang‐Soo , Choi Hong , Sohn Kyunghwa , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: January 2009

We developed novel substrate adhesion technique using thermosetting resin to apply roll‐to‐roll process to manufacturing of LCDs. We can use one‐drop‐filling (ODF) process without any distortion of LC alignment using the mixture of thermosetting resin and tetrahydrofuran(THF). This technique can be used to roll‐to‐roll process for flexible LCDs.
P‐73: Mechanical Assisted Corrosion: An Investigation of Thin Film Components used in Flexible Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Morris Nicholas J. , Sierros Konstantinos A. , Ramji Karpagavalli , Cairns Darran R. , Kukureka Stephen N.
Published: January 2009

During flexible optoelectronic device packaging, acid containing layers initiate the functional failure of the underlying indium tin oxide film. We experimentally investigate the stressassisted corrosion cracking of thin conductive optoelectronic components. It is essential to understand the stress corrosion mechanisms in order to design highly durable flexible electronic structures.