bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Application of Multimedia Image Processing Technology in Sports Sociology Education
Authors: Li Boning
Published: July 2024

In order to cope with sports events, it is difficult for cameras to accurately extract exciting moments during the competition. This article constructs a multimedia information system for sports sociology education. In terms of methodology, low-density architectures are used to measure and encode sparse signals, and the signal is reconstructed at the receiving end. By calculating the marginal probability distribution of each variable node, the reconstructed image is obtained. The experimental results show that this method performs well in detecting lens mutations and gradients, with a higher recall rate than other algorithms. The accuracy, recall rate, and F-value indicators have significantly improved, reaching 6.328%, 4.27%, and 6.012%, respectively. This method is superior to existing game shot extraction methods and lays the foundation for further detecting exciting events in sports competitions. In summary, this study has important guiding significance for the application of multimedia image processing technology in the field of sports sociology education.
Design of Basketball Teaching and Training System Based on 5G Technology Support in a Wireless Network
Authors: Huang GuoRong , Liu Xing , Sun Hui
Published: July 2024

This research evaluates the efficacy of a basketball-based teaching and training system supported by 5G technology in a wireless network environment. Initially are information about the Chinese basketball students is first gathered and then divided into a Control Group (CG) and an Experimental Group (EG). The control group uses the standard method of collegiate basketball instruction, while the experimental group learns the game under the background of 5G technology. For transmitting the basketball teaching data in the 5G network, we proposed a novel routing protocol named Probability-based Coupling Zone Routing Protocol (PbCZRP). An optimization technique called the Shark optimization approach is used to enhance the performance of the routing protocol. Finally, a comparison of the two groups reveals that the experimental group's basketball players fared better than the control group. The basketball training plan powered by 5G will supply students with adaptive learning services that take into account their individual needs and strengths.
Study on the Effectiveness of English Teaching in Universities Based on 5G Mobile Internet
Authors: Wu Nan
Published: July 2024

Higher education is becoming increasingly competitive and all educational institutions are concentrating on improving quality and changing traditional higher education teaching methods. New-type classroom instruction has embraced a unique advancement opportunity with the arrival of the fifth generation (5G) era. It is critical to develop a teaching assistance system that makes use of high-speed network methodology and new-type display methodology. For the innovation and reform of higher education, this article combines soft computing techniques, artificial intelligence (AI), and 5G networks. This paper outlines the exact processes and measures for incorporating “5G” technology into higher education. Finally, conduct a comparative experiment to see how good the system is at learning AI knowledge when compared to standard learning methods. The outcomes of the experiments are examined to show that employing this approach to gain AI knowledge is successful and improves students' enthusiasm in learning as well as their hands-on abilities.
Effect of Blending Constant Concentration of Acrylic Polymer with Varying Amount of Fly Ash to the Permeability and Strength of Large Aggregate Pervious Concrete
Authors: Del Pilar Hermie M. , Caballero Carlo B. , Milano Mike Edson T. , Quimio Nikko San C.
Published: July 2024

Storm water runoff brings environmental problems like flooding and pollutant transport, not only to the residential areas but also in low elevated roads with poor to bad sewage system. Soil is a naturally porous material, and its permeable property is blocked as surface pavements are constructed, making pervious concrete an important alternative in addressing the problem caused by storm water runoff. In this study, a constant weight percentage of 15% acrylic polymer (AcP) solution on water is used for the preparation of concrete mix, resulted to an increase in strength of the PC. Another additive which is the Fly ash (FA) was used to enhance the strength of the PC partially replacing the Type I cement at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Physical (porosity and permeability) and mechanical (compression and flexural strength) properties were investigated, and the statistical tool One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the results. The 20% replacement obtained the highest compressive strength at 9.89MPa, while the 15% replacement acquired the highest flexural strength at 3.57 MPa. In terms of permeability, the control mix (0% Fly ash) has the highest performance at 4.76 cm/s. The favorable result in pervious concrete proved that the use of Acrylic Polymer and fly ash blend to the cement were a useful component to further improve its mechanical properties, and acceptability of its use for flood and contaminant transport mitigation.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete against the Action of Fire
Authors: Lamas Chavez Andre Jhoel , Aliaga Guevara Alvaro Fabrizio , Torres Pablo Jhoel Peña
Published: July 2024

Growing concerns about sustainability and the search for greener alternatives in construction have led to a renewed interest in recycled concrete as a building material. Recycled concrete is produced using recycled aggregates, such as construction and demolition debris, instead of virgin aggregates, which reduces the demand for natural resources and the accumulation of waste. However, the viability of recycled concrete in high-temperature applications, such as fires or exposure to extremely high temperatures, has come under critical scrutiny. In this study we are going to talk about the differences between conventional concrete and concrete with recycled aggregate after being exposed to high temperatures, we will focus on issues of resistance to compression, traction and modulus of elasticity. We were able to obtain in our tests that the greater the amount of recycled aggregate that we use in the concrete, the lower mechanical properties we obtain with respect to conventional concrete after being exposed to high temperatures, this is due to the adhered mortar that the recycled aggregate presents (in in our case 42% adhered mortar).
Physico-chemical, textural and consumers’ acceptability of biscuits made from composite flour of wheat, fermented soybean-hull and date-pulp
Authors: Kayode R. M. O. , Egwumah O. R. , Kayode B. I. , Joshua V. A.
Published: July 2024

Soybean hull consist of complex polysaccharides that cannot be digested by human’s alimentary canal and is usually discarded during processing. These complexes can be broken down by fermentation into simpler and more available forms. This research used solid state fermentation process with some microbes to ferment soybean hull for flour production and investigated the proximate, textural, physical and sensory properties of biscuits produced from composite flour of wheat and fermented soybean hull with date-pulp flour as a sugar replacement in the biscuit production. The proximate composition of the biscuit showed increasing protein (10.15 to 12.25 %), lipids (20.14 to 22.95 %), ash (2.07 to 2.16 %), fibre (1.23 to 1.38 %) and moisture contents (4.65 to 6.03 %) while the carbohydrate content (60.1 to 56.1%) decreased with increasing soybean hull flour. The weight (12.03 to 15.30 g), thickness (6.24 to 7.38 mm), density (5.08 to 5.18 g/cm3), and spread ratio (7.32 to 8.76) of the biscuit increased while its diameter (54.11 to 54.94 mm), decreased, and its volume (5.08 to 5.18 cm3) exhibited no particular trend. No significant difference (p≤0.05) was observed in the textural properties of the biscuit but those produced from 16% soybean hull flour fermented with B. subtilis for 72hrs, and 4% soybean hull flour, fermented with A. oryzae for 72hrs were the most preferred. Therefore, supplementing wheat flour with soybean hull flour fermented with A. oryzea at 72hrs and B. subtilis at 72hrs significantly improved the nutritional quality of biscuit without adverse effects on its physical, textural and sensory properties.
The drug called food and its role as a therapy for chronic patients: a comprehensive narrative review
Authors: Varrassi Giustino , Cereda Emanuele , Ruoppolo Giovanni A. , Mercieri Marco , Muscaritoli Maurizio
Published: July 2024

The discipline of utilizing food as a medicinal agent has gained significant attention in recent years. This narrative review aims to conduct a multidimensional exploration of the inherent therapeutic properties of food. It utilizes a comprehensive methodology encompassing historical texts, contemporary scientific literature, and clinical investigations to explore the dynamic field of food as therapy. Commencing with a historical backdrop, this text traces the historical lineage of the medicinal utilization of food. It then proceeds to  explore the complex interplay between nutrition, bioactive compounds, and their combined influence on human health. The unfolding narrative highlights the significant impact of dietary patterns on the prevention and management of chronic ailments, offering valuable insights into their therapeutic potential. In this narrative review, the discipline of culinary medicine is emerging as a valuable connection between the field of nutritional science and the practical realm of dietary applications. The investigation of challenges associated with integrating food-based therapeutic modalities is thoroughly analyzed, leading to a comprehensive discussion on potential avenues for future research. Based on a rigorous methodology, this narrative review makes a valuable contribution to the growing body of knowledge on the medicinal properties of food. It provides a comprehensive and insightful perspective on this emerging field, which has the potential to impact current paradigms significantly.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Morbidity Profile and Unmet Health Needs Among Elderly of Budge-Budge II Block, West Bengal
Authors: Dutta Sinjita , Chakrabarti Sreetama , Kerketta Prince , Mishra Ankita , Basu Mausumi
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Unmet healthcare need among elderly is the want for essential healthcare which is not fulfilled. Health needs of the elderly often go unrecognized. Functional limitation is one of the contributors in this unmet health need. The situation is worse in rural areas due to lack of awareness and lower socio-economic status. The study aimed to estimate the burden of unmet health needs among the elderly of Budge-Budge II block in West Bengal, to assess their morbidity pattern and to evaluate the predictors of this unmet health need.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based descriptive study, cross-sectional in design was conducted for a period of 3 months in selected villages of Budge-Budge II block, West Bengal. Data on unmet need were collected by face-to-face interview of 396 participants selected by simple random sampling using EASYCare standard (2010) questionnaire.

Results:

The most prevalent unmet health need was for preventive care (87.37%), followed by mental health and wellbeing (84.09%). Hypertension was the most common morbidity (52.02%) reported among the study population. Belonging to the age group of 60-69 years had a lower odds of experiencing unmet health needs, whereas being a homemaker or engagement in agricultural work had higher odds of facing unmet health needs among the study participants.

Conclusions:

The unmet health need of the elderly is a major public health problem that is influenced by age, marital status, and nature of work.
Note-taking competence in the learning process
Authors: Van Waarden Franciska
Published: July 2024

The article reports on a pilot study designed to support a longitudinal study of the development of note-taking competence among second year master’s degree students in an interpreting training programme. The research reported in this article analysed note-taking units, while semi-structured interviews were also conducted with six interpreting students in order to determine the language and frequency of the different types of note-taking units they used. The results show that the students used a mixture of the source and target languages in their notes, they have predominantly used full words and that they were aware that there was still room for development in their note-taking techniques. The pilot study produced results that will be used to optimize further research: it was established that all participants should interpret the same text, that the experiment should be conducted outside of classroom interpreting sessions, that no feedback should be given to the students prior to the interviews, that the students’ interpretation should be audio-recorded, and that the category “full words” should be split into further subcategories.
Adverse events associated with AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among adults in Greater Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Komakech Allan , Izudi Jonathan , Kamulegeya John , L Aceng Freda , Acaye James , Juniour Nsubuga Edirisa , Nakamya Petranilla , Kadobera Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Kwesiga Benon , R Ario Alex
Published: July 2024

Background: Uganda started AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination in March 2021 but information about adverse events is limited. We assessed adverse events following AstraZeneca vaccination among adults in Greater Kampala, Uganda.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we systematically sampled persons who had received ≥1 dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine and collected data between March and April 2021 through telephone interviews. We defined adverse events as any untoward medical occurrence after vaccination and serious adverse events as any event leading to hospitalization, persistent disability >28 days, death, or congenital anomaly.
Results: Of 374 participants aged 20-85 years, the prevalence of adverse events was 76.5%. Common adverse events included injection site redness and hadache; no serious adverse event was reported. Participants aged 20–29 years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.58; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.92–10.95), 30-39 years (AOR 3.69; 95% CI: 1.81–7.51) and 40-49 years (AOR 2.78; 95% CI 1.26–4.90) were more likely to develop adverse events compared to those aged ≥50 years.
Conclusion: Adverse events are prevalent, largely among those aged <50 years; serious adverse events are rare. Persons aged <50 years should be targeted for surveillance of adverse events alongside appropriate health education and counselling.
Keywords: Adverse events; assessment; COVID-19; Greater Kampala; Uganda.
Chlorhexidine mouthwash and augmentin to prevent Alveolar Osteitis after removal of mandibular third molar: a three-arm placebo- controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sakka Salah , Yasser Kharma Mohamed , Al Rafedah Ali
Published: July 2024

Background: Alveolar Osteitis (AO) is a complicated problem that particularly occurs following the surgical removal of teeth resulting in severe pain and repeated practice/hospital visits.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of postoperative Chlorhexidine (CHX) plus Augmentin in preventing Alveolar Osteitis AO after mandibular third molars removal.
Methods: A total of 191 patients were randomly allocated to the CHX group (66 patients) or CHX and Augmentin group (63 patients) and Placebo group (62 patients). One mandibular third molar was removed in one session where surgical standard procedure was followed. All patients were prescribed rescue medication for postoperative pain relief. A postoperative follow up examination was performed on the third and seventh day to evaluate the existing cases of AO.
Results: Group 2 (CHX and Augmentin) showed a significant reduction in AO (P < 0.05) when compared with group 1 (CHX) and group 3 (placebo). Patients have reported CHX side effects like taste alteration, bad taste, and staining.
Conclusion: The combination of CHX plus Augmentin may be useful in reducing the incidence of AO following mandibular third molars extraction.
Keywords: Chlorhexidine; Augmentin; Alveolar osteitis; third molar; extraction.
Aflatoxins contamination in spices marketed in selected areas of Tanzania and their Detection by Chromatographic Technique
Authors: Juma Sharifa , Mgina Clarence , F Kilulya Kessy
Published: July 2024

Background: Aflatoxins are a family of toxins produced by fungi species known as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Contamination of aflatoxins in agricultural crops is of high concern as it has negative effects on public health.
Objective: This study reports on the levels of aflatoxins in four types of spices (black pepper, turmeric, cardamom and garlic) collected from markets, stores and farms in selected locations of Tanzania.
Methods: A total of 84 samples of selected spices were collected. The determination of aflatoxins was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with fluorescence detector.
Results: The results obtained showed that 64 samples (76%) were contaminated with total aflatoxins at varying levels with respect to location and weather conditions. Mean concentrations of total aflatoxins ranged from < DL to 8.41 ngg-1 for black pepper, from < DL to 0.22 ngg-1 for garlic, from < DL to 11.07 ngg-1 for cardamom and from 0.28 to 2.21 ngg-1 for turmeric. 4.7% of samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limit of 10 ngg-1 for total aflatoxins (TAF) set by European Commission and 7 (8.33 %) samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limit of 5 ngg-1 for Aflatoxin B1.
Conclusion: The observed aflatoxin contamination gives an alert for control of aflatoxins for improved public health.
Keywords: Aflatoxins; mycotoxins; liquid chromatography; contamination; spices.
A comparative assessment of CD4 recovery in a cohort of patients on different HAART regimens in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility
Authors: Onah Paul , Idoko Catherine , Kai'gama Aliyu , Abdulateef Siyaka
Published: July 2024

Background: Antiretroviral therapy is expected to produce sustained viral load reduction and a rise in CD4 cell count, both of which are important clinical markers of immune recovery. There is contrasting clinical evidence of CD4 stability among patients on long term therapy, which is a major challenge in poor resource settings. This study aims to evaluate CD4 cell recovery among patients on four regimens who have been on long term antiretroviral therapy
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the medical records of patients on four antiretroviral regimens. A three year record of CD4 cell count of 405 randomly selected subjects was extracted for analysis.
Results: The increase of CD4 cells was between 65.6 – 82.1% of baseline values, with the highest rise occurring with Efavirenz based regimens. Among patients who achieved target CD4 cell counts ≥ 500 cells/ml, there was further increase of between 22.2 – 34.1% compared to baseline values. The percentage of patients with incomplete immune recovery still remain high among patients on the four regimens 65.9 – 77.8%.
Conclusion: Immune reconstitution continue to occur among patients, however a significant proportion of patients fail to achieve and sustain target CD4 target on the long term.
Keywords: CD4 recovery; different HAART regimens; Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility.
Factors influencing utilisation of cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women attending care and treatment centres in Kinondoni municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Kisaka Eliena , Kabalimu Titus , Semali Innocent , Mashalla Yohana
Published: July 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among HIV+ve women.
Objective: To determine factors influencing utilisation of cervical cancer screening among HIV+ve women attending Cancer Treatment and Care in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam.
Methods: Cross-sectional study among HIV+ve women was carried out between September and October 2021; collected using a standardised questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine cervical cancer extent and association of predictors of cervical cancer screening.
Results: 230 HIV+ve women aged 21–60 years were interviewed. Only 47% had screened for cervical cancer. Low knowledge of HIV+ve as risk significantly associated with less likelihood to screen for cervical cancer [AOR 0.49, 95% CI (0.253-0.957, P = 0.037)]. Parity of 3 or more was twice likely to screen for cervical cancer [AOR 2.124, 95% CI (1.012-4.456, P = 0.046)]; and housewives were 2.5 more likely to screen for cervical cancer [AOR 2.594, 95% CI (1.149-5.853, P = 0.002)]. Lack of knowledge on preventive measures was less associated with likelihood to screen [AOR 0.114, 95% CI (0.013-0.972, P = 0.047)].
Conclusion: Lack of knowledge on HIV+ve and prevention, age and parity are likely to influence utilisation of cervical cancer screening services.
Keywords: Cervical cancer; HIV positive women.
Adverse effects associated with Kanamycin, Amikacin, Capreomycin and Bedaquiline -a VigiAccessTM study
Authors: Singh Lisa , Bangalee Varsha , Ramasir Serisha , John Mathibe Lehlohonolo
Published: July 2024

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a prevalent health burden, both in South Africa and globally. The treatment of MDR-TB is both complex and difficult as multiple drugs have to be used concurrently in order to achieve good treatment outcomes for patients. However, there is a lack in the evidence regarding the incidences of specific adverse effects of these drugs.
Objective: The main aim/objective of this study was to investigate and compare reported specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with kanamycin, capreomycin, amikacin and bedaquiline in MDR-TB patients.
Methods: Secondary data collected over a period of 12 months were sourced from a public access data base, VigiAccessTM, and analysed.
Results: There was a steep increase in adverse drug reactions reported for kanamycin with the main adverse reactions being hypoacusis, deafness and tinnitus cases, along with vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea. With capreomycin, there were increases in asthenia and hypoacusis although the latter showed a plateau after some point. Rash and pruritus increased along with cases of death with amikacin and there were reports of prolonged QT interval in the electrocardiogram of patients on bedaquiline in addition to nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Conclusion: There are many specific adverse effects associated with kanamycin, capreomycin, amikacin and bedaquiline. The number of cases of the specific adverse effects also increased with time. Therefore, VigiAccessTM provides a good platform for reporting and awareness of specific adverse effects associated with MDR-TB therapy. This is a vital stepping stone for further research.
Keywords: Kanamycin; Amikacin; Capreomycin; Bedaquiline.
Dynamics and Trajectories of Youth Participation in Democratic Practice in Ghana’s Fourth
Authors: Adu-Bempah Collins , Aboagye Da-Costa Caroline
Published: July 2024

Ghana’s January 7, 2001, and the subsequent January 7, 2009, and January 7, 2017 power changes satisfied Huntington’s “Two Turnover Test thereby signifying “deepening democracy” in Ghana. That notwithstanding, Ghana’s democratic participation experience has some deficits. Whether or not democratic participation turns to privilege the aged at the expense of the youth has not adequately been expounded. This paper argues that the potency of the youth to govern has not been unearthed empirically. Using in-depth interviews with selected political scientists, youth leaders and political activists, this paper interrogates implications of youth marginalization for self-empowerment and migration for greener pastures. Findings showed that direct democratic participation has been the preserve of the aged in most African countries and that the youths are marginalized because it is assumed that they are not “matured” enough to govern. It concludes that youth’s marginalization is a function of youth’s self-disempowerments and migration; hence, it recommends a comprehensive policy to enable the young people to make informed political choices and decisions
Internal Control Systems and Service Delivery in Government owned Universities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Authors: Nwuzor Christopher , Awa Felix , Elom Joseph
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the impact of internal control systems on service delivery in government owned universities in Ebonyi State. Specifically, the study examined the impact of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and monitoring on service delivery in government owned universities in Ebonyi State. The study adopted descriptive survey design where the data were obtained from primary sources using structured questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, while ordinary least multiple regressions involving ordinary least square (OLS) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that, control environment and information and communication have negative and insignificant impact on service delivery in government owned universities in Ebonyi State. Risk assessment and monitoring have positive and significant impact on services delivery in government owned universities in Ebonyi State. Only control activity has positive but non-significant impact on service delivery in government owned universities in Ebonyi State. The implication of these results is that government owned universities in Ebonyi State have not fully implemented and integrated the five components of internal control system in a manner as to enhance the effectiveness of their service delivery. The study therefore, recommends among others, that management of the two universities should fully implement and integrate all the five components of internal control systems so as to improve on their quality of service delivery.
Patriotic Romanticism as a False Route to African Identity
Authors: Nwinya Stephen
Published: July 2024

It is appalling that Africa is still bedevilled with identity crisis. That the crisis originated in the cultural shock of Africa’s forced contact with the Western world is hardly excusable. This explains the belief of many African philosophers that the only way of redefining the current false African identity is a backward march into the traditional African society. This is propped on the assumption that the true African identity is in the traditional African society that was so glorious. This is patriotic romanticism, a belief in superiority of one’s traditional beliefs, values and customs and a concrete move towards recapturing them. A thorough logical analysis of qualitative data on the ideology and values of traditional African society carried out in this text punctured this ego and argues that traditional African society was not so beautiful and many of its values ill-fit for contemporary life. Thus any proposal for a return to traditional Africa society is a false route to authentic African identity. The study concluded that authentic African identity lies in refining the good values of the African past to suit contemporary society and recommended conscious adoption of some foreign values where necessary, and passionate protection of the irrational aspects of African culture.
Re- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Exchange Rate Depreciation on Import Demand in Nigeria
Authors: Atuma Emeka , Ebuka Bright , Nwibo Fidelia , Nkwagu Christain , Nancy Udenta , Njim Robert , Ogbonna Nkemdirim , Uwaeke Uchechukwu
Published: July 2024

The study investigated the impact of exchange rate depreciation on import demand in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021. The data used was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted in the investigation. Multiple regression analysis was employed, in which Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model as the method of analysis was utilized in the research. The ARDL model evaluates short-run and long-run interactions among the specified variables. The unit root tests conducted using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) revealed that the time series variables used were stationary at level and the first difference, but none of the variables was stationary at the second difference. The ARDL – Bound test analysis revealed the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship between exchange rate depreciation and import demand in Nigeria within the period of the study. The coefficient of error correction mechanism was statistically significant and also negatively signed. The results equally found that exchange rate depreciation is statistically not significant and negatively impacted on import demand in Nigeria in the short-run. However, in the long-run, exchange rate depreciation is negatively impacted to import demand and statistically significant. Causal relationship does exist between exchange rate depreciation and import demand in Nigeria with causation running from import demand to exchange rate depreciation. On the basis of the findings, the researcher made the following recommendations among others: Government should consider inward looking to strengthen the imports substitution policies that ensure massive production of goods and services.
Staying in career: An Interactive Approach to Career Management and Strategic Organizational Performance
Authors: Attah Chinyere , Orji Joseph
Published: July 2024

Career management is a challenge to both individuals and organizations. While employees embark on their jobs to satisfy their various needs and attain professional fulfillment, organizations engage in corporate survival strategies designed to ensure that organizational objectives are acted out and delivered to acceptable standards. Ultimately, the cost of voluntary turnover on both employees and organizations and the contemporary career paradigm demand adequate planning and management to ensure sustainable career well-being for the individuals and increased corporate strategic performance. Proper career management process otherwise called staying in career aims at achieving perfect integration of employees into organizational system and the attainment of both professional fulfillment and increased organizational viability. The methodology is qualitative and descriptive approach. This paper studied career management drawing from both person and corporate perspectives. The study focused on the Nelson & Quick’s four career stages model through which employment career can be managed successively. It emphasizes the adoption of realistic job preview’s (RJP)mentoring and career anchors in career management as both integrative and motivational forces that guide career decisions in a turbulence employment context. It provides constructive knowledge for embracing and maintaining career as well as enhancing strategic organizational performance. The study recommends among others that organizations should adequately ensure the alignment of both employee needs and organizational objectives in career management.
Perspectives on the Geopolitical Implications of Post-1991 Ethiopia's Hydropower Development
Authors: Ayferam Gashaw
Published: July 2024

This study examines the competing perspectives on the geopolitical implications of the booming hydropower development in Ethiopia since 1991, which has generated debates on its geopolitical ramifications. The study aims to synthesize the competing perspectives on hydropower development's geopolitical implications through the lens of complex interdependence theory. The study used a qualitative research approach, gathering data from 50 purposively selected key informants from government institutions, regional organizations, academic institutions, research institutes, and power sector advisors. Additionally, documents and secondary sources were consulted. The study identifies three contending perspectives on the geopolitical implications of hydropower development in Ethiopia since 1991. While the hydro-transformative perspective considered hydropower development as having a positive implication for Ethiopia and the region at large, the hydro-skeptics considered it a source of hydro and geopolitical tensions and rivalry. By synthesizing these contradictory theses, the study introduces the third interdependence perspective arguing that the massive hydropower development in Ethiopia since 1991 is foreshadowing a new emergent region characterized by a complex interdependent grid region and grid-connected community where conflict and cooperation, rivalry, and competition coexist. Therefore, Ethiopia and countries in the region must navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by hydropower development within this complex web of competing and cooperative interests.
Universal Basic Education Policy and the Quality of Primary Education in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyan Abimbola , Erunke Canice , Shuaibu Umar
Published: July 2024

There is huge budgetary expenditure of the government over the years to primary education in the FCT, yet, it remained in shamble. Consequently, the implication of the declining quality of primary education has far reached impact on a nation’s moral, civic, cultural and economic sustainability. This study examines Impact of the mandates of Universal Basic Education Policy on the quality of primary education in the Federal Capital Territory. The study was built within the framework of system theory. It employed the use of qualitative and quantitative research methods drawing data from primary and secondary sources. Questionnaire was used and accompanied with well-structured interviews. Secondary sources of data reviewed existing literature from journals, online articles, and research projects. It argued that the mandates of Universal Basic Education policy have not enhanced the quality of primary education in the Federal Capital Territory. This is because most vital education facilities and support resources such as toilets, cupboards, and health materials e.g first aid box, water containers, and recreational materials eg. Swings and facilities for storing are grossly inadequate in FCT UBE schools. Other resources that were found to be inadequate are library facilities and textbooks. However, the study also revealed that the implementation of UBE in FCT has not been successful in giving access to free basic education to school age children with respect to free tuition in basic education; School feeding programme; Sensitization and mobilization of members of the public towards UBE programmes and; training and retraining of teachers. The study recommended that the government through the Universal Basic Education Commission should intensify effort in the area of establishment for an effective institutional framework for monitoring learning and teaching. This will drastically curtail the incidences of child-hawking during school hours and high drop-out rate in primary education. By so doing, the mandates of the UBE would be achieved and sustained.
Nsogbu Nwaanyi Ajadu N'ala Igbo
Authors: Eze Adaora , Medolu Agatha , Akaeze Chioma
Published: July 2024

Ọnwụ bụ ihe a na-ahụta dịka ihe oke mwute n'omenala Igbo. Nchọcha a ga-agbado ụkwụ na nsogbu nke a na-enye nwaanyịna mpaghara ụfọdụ n'ala Igbo ngwa ngwa di ya lara mmụọ. Ụmụ nwaanyị ndị a na-agabiga ọtụtụ mmekpa ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Oge nwoke nwụrụ, nwunye ya na-eru ụjụ ọnwụ di ya. Ọ na-atụ anya na ndị mmadụ karịsịa ndị ikwu na ibe ya ga-enwe ọmịiko, agbamume, nkwụdo,ịhụnanya, mkpachapụ anya na nkwado nye ya. Ma ọtụtụ oge, ọ naghị enweta nke a. Mbunuche nchọcha a bụ ka ewepụta ụzọ dị iche iche e si enye nwaanyị ajadu mmekpa ahụ ndị a ma nwee ụzọ mgbapụ nye ajọ mmeso nke a na-emeso ụmụ nwaanyị ajadu ndị a. Nchocha a bu nchocha ndizimma. Atụtụ a ga-agbaso mee nchọcha a bụ atụtụ mmekọrịta ọha nke Seidman (2010) wepụtara. A na-atụ anya na site na nchọcha a, a ga-enwe nchegharị echiche nye mmegide a dị iche iche. Site na nke a, a ga-enwe ezi ikpe nkwụmọtọ na oké nhatanha nye nwaanyị ajadu ọbụla n'ala Igbo. Nchọcha a ga-eme ka e nwee ezi nleta anya nye nwaanyị ajadu ọbụla n'ala Igbo bụ nke a ga-eme ka ọ gbasa n'ala Igbo niile nakwa mba ụwa dum. Site n'ụzọ dị otu a, a ga-enwe ezi ihe mgbanwe banyere ọnọdụ a.
Synthesis, molecular modelling and choline esterase enzyme inhibitory activity of novel enaminone derivatives of sulfonamides
Authors: A. Bhat Mashooq , Tüzün Burak , Koyuncu Ismail , Temiz Ebru , Taslimi Parham , M. Naglah Ahmed , A. Al-Omar Mohamed , Džudžević-Čančar Hurija
Published: July 2024

The enaminone derivatives of sulfonamides (1–11) were obtained in good yield and high purity. Choline esterase (ChE) inhibitory activities of the novel compounds against AChE and BChE were determined by Ellman’s method. Ki values of compounds for AChE and BChE enzymes were obtained in the ranges of 14.28˗160.17 µM, and 8.30˗324.27 µM, respectively. Compound, 9 presented good activity towards AChE and BChE with Ki values of 14.28 µM and 8.30 µM, respectively. Compounds 2 and 10 were found to be the most potent compounds showing cytotoxic effect (IC50 = 71.54 µg/mL and IC50 = 83.59 µg/mL), respectively, on lung cancer cell line (A549) and normal cells (Beas-2B) (IC50 = 164.62 µg/mL and IC50 = 155.64 µg/mL), respectively. The compounds have interacted with various proteins like AChE enzyme protein (PDB ID: 4M0E) and BChE enzyme protein (PDB ID: 5NN0). Finally, ADME/T analysis was performed to predict the movements of molecules in human metabolism.
KEY WORDS: Sulfonamides, Enaminone, Enzyme inhibition, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1351-1368.                                                     
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.13
Investigation on sulfur substituted cadmium ions with superhydrophobic nature and long-term anticorrosion performance
Authors: Althahban Sultan , Kuku Mohammed , Jazaa Yosef , Byeon Haewon
Published: July 2024

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS) were effectively prepared using ultrasonication-assisted synthesis. The high hydrophobicity and excellent dispersibility of the synthesised CdS nanoparticles in ethanol could increase their anti-penetrant effect against corrosive media. We evaluated and examined the corrosion prevention properties of CdS nanoparticle coatings on MS steel using Tafel polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in HCl, NaCl, and KOH. The experimental results demonstrated that CdS nanoparticle coatings had higher corrosion performance than uncoated MS plates. Besides, CdS nanoparticles may be adsorbed on steel to produce a hydrophobic anti-corrosion layer, enhancing corrosion resistance. The impedance of CdS coatings increased continuously during electrolyte immersion. The results show that CdS acted as a suitable inhibitor and this inhibition efficiency and the polarization curves indicated that CdS nanoparticles performed as mixed inhibitors. The inhibition effect on the surface of the MS plate using CdS nanoparticle coating was investigated with inhibitors confirmed by nanoindentation techniques. The revolutionary approach for creating hydrophobic CdS nanoparticles suggested in this exertion may stimulate the development of high-performance anticorrosion materials and their corrosive protection applications.
KEY WORDS: CdS nanoparticles, Mild steel plate coating, Anticorrosion applications
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1493-1507.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.23
Synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of Illite clay - silica nanocomposite
Authors: Karu Elisha , Magaji Buhari , Moh'd Adamu Baba , Shehu Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Illite clay silica nanocomposites (ICSiO2NCPs) were successfully synthesized from two samples Illite-clay and silica, and the silica was synthesized from rice husk using Sol-Gel Method. The prepared ICSiO2NCPs was characterized using UV-visible, FTIR, SEM and XRD analysis. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed the vO-H, vSi-O-Si, and vSi-OH stretching vibrations at around 3440, 798 and 913 cm-1 respectively and also the Si-O, C-H O-H, and Si-O-Si deformation modes at 531, 1384, 1633 and 472 cm-1 respectively. The XRD analysis showed face centered cubic (FCC) structures with an average crystal size of 63.6 7nm. SEM analysis showed irregular spherical shape particles fused together at various sizes that are agglomerated at higher magnification. In the UV-visible analysis the wavelength of maximum absorbance was observed at around 400 nm characteristic of silica and ascribed to the wavelength of surface plasmon resonance phenomenon.
Assessing Selected CNN Models for Efficient Feature Extraction in SSD for Text Detection in Advertisement Images
Authors: Adio Aanuoluwa O. , Akanbi Caleb O. , Adigun Adepeju A. , Kasali Abdulwakil , Adisa Solagbade
Published: July 2024

Digital advertisement promotes goods and services using digital media and technology. These digital advertisement images contain  important information on the product and services being advertised and seek to persuade potential customers to take specific actions  toward contacting the advertiser. Manual extraction of information from the advertisement images is tedious and prone to errors. The  literature on text detection from images, billboards, and signposts using Single-shot detection (SSD) is vast. However, the literature has  not explored its performance for text detection on advertisement images. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the performance of  these models on advertisement images. The performance of three selected Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models (Resnet-50,  Mobilenetv2, and Resnet-101) with SSD for text detection in advertisement images was evaluated. A total of 400 digital advertisement  images were manually collected and annotated for use in this study. Results of comparing the performance of selected CNN models with  the SSD architecture for text detection from advertisement images showed that Resnet-50 performed well with the detection of small  texts with a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.736, AP(small) of 0.692 and AR(small) of 0.781.
Dynamics of Anopheles gambiae s.l (Diptera: Culicidae) 2 Sibling Species Composition and Biting Preference in 3 Osun State, Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: Busari L.O. , Iwalewa Z.O. , Adeogun A.O. , Surakat O.A. , Rufai A.M. , Fasasi K.A. , Adeleke M.A.
Published: July 2024

No Abstract
Keratinizing Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Buccal Mucosa: A Comprehensive Clinical and Histopathological Analysis of a Rare Case
Authors: Varsha VK  , Girish HC  , Mamata Kamat  , Vidya G Doddawad
Published: July 2024

Salivary gland tumors make up a relatively small proportion, ranging from 1% to 4%, of all neoplasms in the human body. Among these, pleomorphic adenoma stands out as a distinct benign tumor of the salivary glands, characterized by a combination of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.Only 0.3% to 1.5%, of biopsies in oral and Maxillofacial pathology laboratories are associated with tumors originating from minor salivary glands.Keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma, a rare variant accounting for 5-10% of all pleomorphic adenomas, differs from the typical form due to the presence of keratin within the tumor cells, serving as a distinguishing histological feature. The incidence of keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma is not well-established but is believed to be less than 1 case per 100,000 people per year. Here we present an atypical histopathological variation of pleomorphic adenoma, featuring extensive keratinization and manifesting in a less typical anatomical location in a 57-year-old male patient.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Unplanned Re-Laparatomy after Non-Trauma Emergency Laparatomy in Resource-Limited Settings, 2023: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Tilahun Deresse  , Megbar Dessalegn  , Molla Yigzaw Birhanu  , George Eskandar
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:Emergency laparatomy may need subsequent re-laparatomy which has high rate of mortality. However, reports on rates and associated factors of un-planned re-laparatomy are few. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of re-laparotomy after non-trauma emergency laparatomy at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.
METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review conducted at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia among patients who had undergone emergency laparatomy between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2022. A sample of 384 individuals were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were extracted from March 01, 2023, to May 1, 2023, cleaned, entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, and analyzed with STATA version 14.1. Predictor variables with P value < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were reported.
RESULTS: From 384 patients who had emergency laparatomy, 33(8.6%) needed re-laparatomy in the early post-operative period. All re-laparotomies were unplanned and done during the primary Hospital admission period. Patients who were hypotensive preoperatively[AOR: 3.3 (95% CI: (1.88, 9.40))] and with longer operation time (greater than 1 hour) [AOR: 4.5 (95% CI: (1.88, 10.64)] had increased risk for unplanned re-laparatomy.
CONCLUSION: The re-laparatomy rate in this study was high with higher risk among patients with preoperative hypotension and longer procedure time. The findings emphasize a need for advocacy on preoperative patient resuscitation and monitoring.
Carcass composition and sensory and chemical attributes of beef from local cattle breeds in North-West Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Firew , Kebede Damitie , Getaneh Mezgebu , Adimasu Esubalew , Tasew Asaminew , Mekuriaw Shigdaf , Asmare Bimrew , Beyero Netsanet , Melak Tesfaye , Worku Ashebir , Alemu Tesfaye , Tamirat Habtamu , Taye Mengistie
Published: July 2024

This experiment quantifies the carcass composition and the sensory and chemical attributes of beef from four local cattle breed types in selected districts of North-West Amhara, Ethiopia. Forty matured intact bulls were fattened using two treatment feeds with Diet-1 (60:40), and Diet-2 (70:30) concentrate: roughage ratio of the daily dry matter intake of the animals. Carcass data was collected from the meat of 24 slaughtered animals through direct trait measurements, using panelists, and sample proximate analysis. The GLM of SAS (version 9.0) was used to analyze the data fitting breed and treatment feeds as fixed effects. The overall mean values of Total Leg (30.09±0.50), Total loin (12.19±0.39), Total rack (8.08±0.27), Total breast and shoulder (8.27±0.26), Total Shoulder and Neck (30.06±0.78) were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the breed type that cattle from Yilmana Desna area performed the best. Besides, meat quality traits of juiciness, tenderness, and overall acceptability (P<0.05), were best for Denbecha cattle breed types. The overall moisture content of the meat (69.78±0.32) was significantly (p<0.05) different between the breeds. Overall, the examined cattle breed types have acceptable sensory and chemical qualities of meat. Future research should quantify the sensory and chemical qualities of meat from these cattle breeds under different ages, animal physiology (intact and castrated bulls), sex, and dietary supplement levels.