bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-16 education and labour market activities, pathways and outcomes (LEO)
Authors: Anderson Oliver
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThis is descriptive analysis of post-16 education and labour market activities, pathways and outcomes based on different socioeconomic, demographic and education factors. This research uses powerful administrative data from England to carry out analysis of over 3.6 million individuals doing their General Certificate of Secondary Education exams (GCSEs) between 2002 and 2007.

MethodEducation records and combined with tax and social security records (from the National Pupil Database). Longitudinal Education Outcomes (LEO) data allowing these individuals to be tracked in their post compulsory education over a 10-15 year period. The analysis makes comparisons using of a range of background characteristics including socioeconomic status, special educational needs (SEN) status, gender, ethnicity, first language and location (region). It also observes how these differ for different education levels, doing comparisons of: 1) graduates and non-graduates and 2) non-graduates achieving level 3 or above and level 2 or below.

ResultsIt finds that Post 16 (i.e. compulsory in England) Education and labour market pathways are incredibly diverse and they differ significantly based on individual characteristics. Higher levels of education lead to better labour market outcomes and most sub-groups achieving a higher education level leads to better labour market outcomes than their comparators (with different characteristics). For example, there are higher proportions of graduates that were Free School Meals eligible (a proxy for lower socioeconomic status) in employment and lower proportions claiming benefits than non-Free School Meals (FSM) eligible non-graduates, 15 years after their GCSEs (63 percent versus 58 percent and five versus nine percent respectively). Of those in employment, the FSM eligible graduates earn around £5,000 more per year than non-FSM eligible non-graduates and their earnings potential seem to have different trajectories.

ConclusionThere are some interesting and insightful findings, but it should be noted that findings are descriptive. It is recommended that in depth, technical analysis is undertaken to explored further.
School and area-level disparities in exclusions in Scottish secondary schools
Authors: Treanor Morag , Troncoso Patricio , Williamson Lee
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThis paper explores the patterning of educational exclusions in Scottish secondary schools by variation across schools and council areas, and by structural socioeconomic factors and demographic characteristics of the pupils, their families, their schools and the areas in which they reside.

MethodsThis research uses the newly linked administrative database created under the “Children’s Lives and Outcomes” research strand of the Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research (SCADR). This linkage, the first of its kind in Scotland, includes data from Education Analytical Services and the Information Services Division of NHS Public Health Scotland from the period between 2007-2019, and the 2001 and 2011 Census. We adopt a Multilevel Modelling approach to ascertain the extent of the variation in the likelihood of a student being excluded across schools and council areas and its association with individual, school and area-level characteristics.

ResultsPreliminary results suggest that the variation in exclusions across secondary schools in Scotland is substantial and significant in terms of size and importance. Moreover, variation across council areas is also non-negligible, and is smaller than the variation found between-schools. This suggests that the effect of policy and/or practice at the school level is greater than that at the local authority level. Our analyses continue and are currently focusing on prior exclusions in primary school, deprivation, mental health, household and demographic characteristics, as well as school and area-level indicators. We expect to be able to elucidate further the relationships and interrelationships between schools, areas and family circumstances in the likelihood of being excluded from school.

ConclusionOur findings are pertinent to policymakers and practitioners in the context of a widening socio-economic gap exacerbated by COVID-19 restrictions and the current economic turmoil, to reduce the inequalities in exclusions and ultimately improve school experiences and outcomes.
Why victim age and co-offending status matter in sexual offending: An analysis of Data First Ministry of Justice Crown Court data
Authors: Dixon Sophie
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of victim age and co-offending status classification systems in distinguishing between diverse sexual offenders/offences. This can aid in enhancing comprehension of the correlates and aetiologies of these offences and inform the development of more effective criminal justice policy.

MethodsThe current study uses Data First Ministry of Justice Crown Court Data from England and Wales between 2013 and 2019 to compare offender and offence characteristics between different typologies of sexual offending categorised using: (1) victim age (child sexual abuse v adult sexual abuse); (2) co-offending status (lone v duo v group); and (3) a combination of victim age and co-offending status (group child sexual abuse v group adult sexual abuse).

ResultsSignificant differences between the typologies were found across a variety of variables for all three categorisation systems. These included the age, sex, ethnicity, and prosecution histories of offenders; age and ethnic composition of co-offending groups/duos; and the nature of the offences committed. While some findings support previous studies, some diverge from what has previously been reported in the literature. Furthermore, some of the findings provide information on areas which, until now, have received very little attention in the literature (i.e., comparisons of group perpetrated child sexual abuse and group perpetrated adult sexual abuse).

ConclusionThis study provides support for the application of victim age and co-offending status classification systems to sexual offending as a means of disentangling heterogeneous groups of offenders/offences.
Turning data into research-ready data
Authors: Phan Van , Ritchie Felix , Bryson Alex , Forth John , Stokes Lucy , Whittard Damian
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesGovernments acquire extensive data holdings and face increasing pressure to make these available as record-level microdata for research. However, turning data into research-ready data (RRD) is not a straightforward exercise. We demonstrate how even in simple cases researcher involvement can bring substantial rewards for effective RRD development.

MethodsThis paper reports on an ADRUK-funded project to take a dataset originally collected by the Office for National Statistics for official statistics (the UK Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, ASHE), formally review its microanalytical characteristics, link it to Census 2011 data, and prepare a new ‘research ready dataset’ with appropriate documentation and coding. This should have been straightforward as the datasets had already been widely used as research microdata. However, the involvement of academic researchers in the production of research-ready data led to many important new insights.

ResultsThe research programme had 3 aims: testing assumptions about the data; reviewing data quality; and adding value.

Because of its sampling model, ASHE is assumed to have random non-response both longitudinally and in cross section. The research team showed that was untrue: there was higher attrition than expected, and both longitudinal and cross-sectional non-response appeared non-random..

The data quality review showed further concerns about the accuracy of some geographical indicators, and some variables of opaque provenance; in contrast, we confirmed the accuracy of administrative variables created by ONS.

As well as being important for researchers, these findings have the potential for significant effects on official statistics produced from the source data, enhancing the value of the source data.

Finally, value was added from new variables which reflected the team’s wide research interests

ConclusionOften in government the assumption is that creating RRDs is a matter of creatign files and giving access to the researchers. Insights from our work show that the deep involvement of the research community can bring rewards for both data holders and researchers. For RRDs, researcher-led construction is vital.
Sociodemographic inequalities of suicide: A population-based cohort study of adults in England and Wales 2011-2021
Authors: Ward Isobel , Finning Katie , Ayoubkhani Daniel , Hendry Katie , Sharland Emma , Appleby Louis , Nafilyan Vahé
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesWith suicide a major public health concern, it is vital research identifies predictors of suicide to support vulnerable groups who should be targeted for intervention. We use a novel linkage of 2011 Census and population level mortality data to assess which risk factors are important predictors of suicide.

MethodsExposures of interest were identified from Census 2011 and were sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, day-to-day impairments, religion, region, National Statistics Socio-economic Classification. Our study population consisted of 35,136,917 people aged 18-to-74; there were 35,928 suicides in our study period (28/03/2011-31/12/2021), with 73.9\% occurring in men. We fitted generalised linear models with a Poisson link function, with suicide being the outcome of interest. The natural logarithm of exposure time was included as an offset term. To estimate rates of suicide per 100,000 people for each level of our exposure, by sex for the average age, we calculated marginal means.

ResultsThe groups with the highest rates of suicide were those who reported an impairment affecting their day-to-day activities, those who were long term unemployed or never had worked, or those who were single or separated. Comparison of minimally adjusted models with models accounting for all other characteristics identified predictors which remain important risk factors after accounting for other characteristics; day-to-day impairments were still found to increase the incidence of suicide relative to those whose activities were not impaired after adjusting for employment status. Additionally, the estimated rates of suicide remained lowest in London compared to other regions in our fully adjusted estimates. Overall, rates of suicide were higher in men compared to females across all ages, with the highest rates in 40- to 50-year-olds.

ConclusionThe findings of this work provide novel population level insights into the risk of suicide by sociodemographic characteristics, this work should pave the way for further research exploring the interaction of factors which lead to suicide and drive policy change for targeted intervention.
Cohort profile: Working age adults accessing secondary mental healthcare services in South London (UK) and benefits – A data linkage of electronic mental healthcare records and benefits data
Authors: Phillips Ava , Leal Ray , Dorrington Sarah , Hotopf Matthew , Broadbent Matthew , Jewell Amelia , Downs Johnny , Stevelink Sharon
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo present an overview of a cohort of working age adults accessing secondary mental healthcare services and benefits related to unemployment, sickness, disability, or income support and describe the different benefit types received across diagnostic and sociodemographic groups.

MethodsUsing a novel data linkage containing electronic secondary mental health care records from the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust and benefits data from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), we present descriptive statistics on a cohort of working age adults. The data window covers the period January 2007-June 2020.

ResultsWe identified n=150,348 patients of working age (18-65 years), who had attended SLaM secondary mental health care services, 78.3% of which had received a benefit relating to unemployment, sickness, disability, or income support. Of this group, 68% had a recorded primary psychiatric diagnosis. We found that a much higher percentage of those with a primary psychiatric diagnosis received more than one benefit (69.4%) compared to those who had not received a primary psychiatric diagnosis (30.6%).

ConclusionsWe showed types of benefits received among working age adults accessing secondary mental health care services. This cohort will be further examined to explore trajectories of mental health care and benefit receipt and provide evidence that will help to inform both DWP policies and mental health care delivery.
Supporting People Data Linking Programme: Linked data research into the impact of housing-related support on use of healthcare services
Authors: Whiffen Tony , Helliwell Kathryn
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesWith an annual budget of over £120 million, the Welsh Government Supporting People Programme provided housing-related support to help vulnerable people to avoid homelessness and live as independently as possible. The SPDLP aims to determine the impact of the programme on other public services I.e. healthcare.

MethodsEstablish data sharing agreements and acquire data for 21 out of 22 Local Authorities. Link the acquired Wales-wide sample of Supporting People data with other routine health and administrative datasets in the SAIL Databank. Examine the impact on subsequent interactions with other services (i.e. health, social care, housing options and pre-16 education). Create control groups and identify subgroups of clients to better quantify the effects of the Supporting People intervention. Compare service utilisation groups of clients and non-clients to inform future provision of public services.

ResultsWork to validate the SPDLP approach by applying the method from the earlier Supporting People Data Linking Feasibility Study (SPDLFS) to the most recent data has been completed. Results from this will be presented along with emerging findings related to repeat homelessness. The development of health economics approaches to evaluating the impact of the programme will also be presented.

ConclusionFor most local authorities in Wales, we have developed a longitudinal linked dataset comprising details of people at risk of homelessness. This has successfully enabled statistical research and analysis to explore the wider impact of government programmes to address inequalities and answer research questions around homelessness.
Keeping children within the family: Changing patterns in the use of special guardianship orders
Authors: Alrouh Bachar , Harwin Judith
Published: September 2023

Special Guardianship Orders (SGOs) provide family courts with an alternative to adoption, typically through permanent placement within the extended family. Using court administrative data, this study charts the use of SGOs as a way of promoting stability and recovery for these vulnerable children who cannot remain safely with their parents.

The study cohort is based on administrative population data produced routinely by Cafcass and accessed via the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank at Swansea University. The unit of analysis is children subject to s.31 care and supervision proceedings in England between 2007/08 and 2021/22, providing a retrospective observational window of fifteen years. Descriptive statistics were used to compare SGOs to other permanency final legal orders (placement, child arrangements, supervision and no order), and survival modelling was employed to look at stability over time and return to court. Finally, regional and over time variations in the data were examined.

The percentage of children placed on a SGO as a proportion of all children subject to s.31 proceedings rose from 12% to 18% between 2011/12 and 2021/22. Over the same period the percentage of children with a placement order that frees the way for adoption fell from 24% to 14%. This shift in pattern was more pronounced than for any other legal order we examined for children unable to remain with birth parents. The highest usage per region was in the North East and London and the lowest was in the Midlands. We estimate that 9% of children on SGOs would return to court within 10 years. Older children (5-17 years old) were more likely to return to court after SGOs than younger children.

The study showed that SGOs have become a main route out of public care, outstripping the use of placement orders. These findings have major implications for policy and practice. They demonstrate that special guardianship provides a stable and sustainable permanency option for children unable to remain with their birth parents.
Social Statistics Transformation: Understanding the population through the production of income by ethnicity statistics from administrative data
Authors: Harkrader Joanna , Bellham Michelle , Pendleton Samantha , Morgan Alison , Pearce Joe , Stennard Emily
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe lack of an income question on the Census has meant the production of multivariate income by ethnicity statistics has not been possible in census outputs to date. Our ambition is to provide individual-level records for every member of the usually resident population of England and Wales using admin data.

MethodExciting progress has been made in the development of admin-based characteristics measures, including the ongoing feasibility research to produce admin-based datasets on ethnic group and income. Demonstrated improved results include the coverage of the population steadily increasing and methods to create these datasets gradually improving.

Access to these record-level administrative datasets has allowed us to combine admin-based income and ethnicity measures developed in previous research, linking individuals between the two. We review the coverage of the combined dataset and the feasibility of producing multivariate statistics at subnational levels in England and Wales for the first time.

ResultsThis presentation will showcase our innovative progress so far. By combining admin-based income and admin-based ethnicity datasets, we established an income and a stated ethnicity for 77.1% of people in England and 82.1% of people in Wales aged 16 years and over in the admin-based Statistical Population Dataset (our population base).

For the first time, we have produced income percentiles for ethnic groups at different levels of geography in England and Wales including national figures, regional figures and figures for local authorities and lower layer super output areas; although statistical disclosure control means that some of the figures have been suppressed.

We will highlight some of the challenges in using administrative data sources to produce these statistics and in assessing their statistical quality.

ConclusionOur research developing these statistics is truly novel and shows much promise. Future work will include research to improve the univariate admin-based measures that are used, to continue to explore the limitations of the combined dataset, to explore the data by occupied address, and explore methods to adjust for missingness.
Adversity in childhood and later involvement in serious violent crime
Authors: Teyhan Alison , Cornish Rosie , Tilling Kate , Macleod John , Brennan Iain
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo use longitudinal birth cohort data linked to police records to examine whether the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and police-recorded serious violence depends on the type, timing or duration of ACEs.

MethodsThe sample are 5070 participants (born 1991-1992) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children who allowed linkage to Avon and Somerset (A&S) local police data, lived in A&S from age 16-24 years, and had exposure and confounder data. The binary outcome (no, yes) is having a police record for a serious violence (SV) offence from age 16-24. ACEs were parent-reported from birth to age 11 and include measures of parental physical and emotional abuse. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between the timing of different ACEs and SV, adjusted for child sex, ethnicity, and family socioeconomic position.

Results6% of the participants had experienced physical abuse, 17% emotional abuse, and 121 individuals (2.4%) had at least one SV record. In adjusted models, there was evidence of an association between physical (OR 1.90, 95% 1.08-3.35) but not emotional (0.96, 0.60-1.54) abuse and risk of SV. Results suggest that those who experienced physical abuse in both early (<4 years) and later (4-11 years) childhood, or later childhood only, might have been at greater risk of SV than those who experienced it only during early childhood, although numbers were small and confidence intervals were consequently wide.

ConclusionResults to date suggest that associations with SV differ between ACE types, and that timing may be important. In our presentation, we will also present findings for other ACEs.
Equalities analysis of post-pandemic results in general and vocational and technical qualifications
Authors: Lee Ming Wei , Rama Dovile , Johnson Kathryn
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesWe exploited linked administrative data to study attainment gaps in GCSEs, A level, and vocational and technical qualifications. Our aim was to compare how grades for groups of students with different protected characteristics and socio-economic status have changed in 2022 compared to previous years.

MethodsWe used a multilevel regression modelling to evaluate the impact of each demographic and socio-economic characteristic on students’ results, once other factors are controlled for. The purpose was to examine how the relationship between students’ attainment and their characteristics has changed between 2018 and 2022. The characteristics analysed were:

ethnicity

gender

special educational needs and disabilities statusfree school meal eligibility

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index score

prior attainment

first language

region

centre type

We collected results and prior attainment data from awarding organisations and linked it with data from the Individual Learner Record and the National Pupil Database.

ResultsOf the many different comparisons between groups of students, the majority showed no notable change in attainment gaps in 2022, compared with both pandemic and pre-pandemic years. Some degree of minor fluctuation is always to be expected.

Attainment gaps and changes over time differ across qualifications. At A level, the analysis highlighted some key changes in results in relation to gender (the difference between boys and girls reversed during the pandemic), ethnicity and school and/or college type.

At GCSE, the analysis showed notable changes for ethnicity, with Gypsy and Roma students narrowing the gap compared to White British students, school and/or college type and socio-economic background.

For vocational and technical qualifications, we found fewer notable changes than for GCSEs and A levels.

ConclusionThe use of linked administrative data helped to gain better insights in attainment gap changes over time. Many gaps remained the same, some gaps widened, and others narrowed. The findings make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the cause of these differences, many of which existed before the pandemic.
Linking and reanalysis of educational experiments with administrative data: Findings and impact
Authors: Sutherland Alex
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThis project combined administrative data with completed randomised controlled trials to understand whether educational interventions led to additional benefits or costs beyond those initially evaluated. The purpose of the project was to demonstrate that this can be done, the value of such work, and what needs to happen next to embed such approaches.

MethodsWe reviewed the Education Endowment Foundation trials database for studies that could plausibly link to other outcomes: exclusion / suspension from school, criminal conviction, or being Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET). After shortlisting we intended to link at least one trial to different administrative datasets containing these outcomes.

We undertook three other tasks:

Understanding barriers to data sharing within government from a behavioural perspective and proposed solutions to those challenges.

Reviewing theories of change for some interventions to assess whether/how there could be pathways to the outcomes we were looking at.

Asking intervention developers and evaluators for their predictions and rationales for possible impacts on other outcomes, without them knowing the results from reanalysis.ResultsWe were successful in linking more than 30 completed trials to new outcome data. In some instances we were able to recover more outcome data than the original study through the use of administrative data. We then reanalysed these trials to assess the impact of these interventions on alternative outcomes.

We also developed an approach to creating low-fidelity synthetic data to allow for more and easier data sharing by data owners, as well as proposing an asymmetric approach to linkage that can speed up results.

ConclusionIn some instances, seemingly negative and positive impacts of interventions that would otherwise not be known were observed. Beyond the results of the reanalysis, which prompted recommendations to a major funder, the project contributed to shaping processes for accessing administrative data, started conversations within government and other data owners about synthetic data, as well as providing a demonstration project for data linkage and reuse.
Statistical transformation of the population and social statistics system
Authors: Blackwell Louisa , Webber Dom
Published: September 2023

This presentation describes the proposed population and social statistics system, built around the Dynamic Population Model (DPM). The current population estimation system relies on the census. This provides granular data every 10 years, but the quality of population estimates declines between census years. The new system will deliver high quality population statistics, every year.

The DPM is a modelling approach which follows the cohort component method. It uses various data sources to measure population counts and components of population change, producing a coherent set of estimates. We use the DPM to produce admin-based population estimates for mid-year 2011 to 2022 for all local authorities in England and Wales. For international migration, we replace survey-based methods with administrative data. Rather than survey-based migration intentions, we estimate migration using observed activity.

The Coronavirus pandemic underlined the need for more timely population estimates. The DPM allows us to publish early, provisional estimates which are confirmed as the data feeds being used mature. In February 2023 we published research statistics for 2011-2022 mid-year population estimates, four months ahead of the date scheduled for the publication of the equivalent national statistics. We demonstrated the need to incorporate into the model a robust coverage adjustment method. Research is currently under way to optimise the coverage adjustment data and methods.

Our international migration estimates use different data sources and methods for each nationality grouping. We currently publish estimates on immigration, emigration and net migration for non-EU, EU and British nationals.

Transformation of the population and social statistics system will produce more timely and coherent estimates to better meet user needs. Flexible by design, our system will be able to reliably adapt to changes in social behaviour, changes in the data available for estimation and changes in users’ statistical needs.
Ethical pinch-points: Effectively communicating ethical consideration in research design
Authors: Short Matt
Published: September 2023

This presentation aims to communicate the first two year’s work of the UK Statistic Authority’s Centre for Applied Data Ethics (CADE), present key ethical considerations to researchers working with population, administrative and other secondary data, and describe the innovative methods that have been used to review over 700 pieces of research in those two years.

The CADE was established in February 2021 with the aim of enabling researchers and statisticians, both within government and outside of it, to effectively address potential ethical issues in their use of data for the public good. To assist researchers in practically applying data stewardship principles to their research, an ethics self-assessment tool has been developed. The ethics self-assessment process aims to offer researchers an easy-to-use framework to review the ethics of their own projects throughout the research cycle, whilst promoting a culture of “ethics by design”.

In two years’ worth of use, the self-assessment tool has been widely adopted across government, academia and the commercial and charities sectors. Analysis of the work that has been supported by this tool has revealed several topics where researchers could further develop their own research. Well designed and communicated research that demonstrates consideration of these factors enables quicker and safer access to data. In response to these findings, CADE have developed specific guidance pieces to assist the analytical community in considering these ethical concerns in their research design and communicating them effectively to ethics bodies and the wider public to ensure effective and consistent data stewardship practices.

This presentation will support delegates by going into detail in the defining and realising of public good in research, engaging public audiences with research, and considering (and demonstrating) the public view in research design. It will also aid delegates by providing them with a framework that they can use to demonstrate consideration of traditional ethical concerns and also ethical concerns in new, emerging and currently unknown fields.
Exploring locality sensitive hashing as a blocking method for large-scale administrative datasets
Authors: Quinn Leah , Shipsey Rachel
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesLinking large-scale datasets is challenging due to the computational power required. This research explores using Locality-Sensitive-Hashing (LSH) as a blocking method to reduce the computational complexity when linking large administrative datasets. LSH hashes similar data into ‘buckets’, thus reducing the search space and processing power required to find links.

MethodsA gold-standard linked dataset was used during method development. Test datasets were made using samples of gold-standard matches and non-matches, then blocked using LSH.

Various LSH parameters including shingle length, signature length, band size and number of matching bands were tested. Precision and recall were used to find optimal parameters for identifying good candidate pairs, with 100% recall and >20% precision being desirable.

Alternative formats for date of birth, postcode and gender variables were tested, with additional characters used to simulate agreement weighting.

ResultsResults as of spring 2023 are promising, with the caveat that currently only small datasets have been tested. The LSH method with optimal parameters creates ~9,000 candidate pairs whilst maintaining recall of 100% (i.e., all true matches are included in the candidate pairs) and precision of 27.6%. In contrast, our traditional deterministic blocking method using the same variables creates ~70,000 candidate pairs, and a cartesian product creates over 23.4 million candidate pairs. We have therefore shown that LSH can be used to create a significant reduction in the search-space size.

Furthermore, the method easily handles alternative names, postcodes, etc. that may be present in longitudinal data or composite datasets, with no need to account for different possible combinations of variables.

ConclusionCurrent research has shown that LSH can be used to drastically reduce the search space when blocking for data linkage. Using variable formatting to prioritise agreement for specific sections e.g., of postcode, has overcome a potential downside of LSH. Further research on variable formatting, parameter optimisation and testing of the method at scale is ongoing.
Childhood contact with social services and self-harm and suicidal ideation in young adulthood: A population-wide cohort study in Northern Ireland
Authors: McKenna Sarah , O'Reilly Dermot , Maguire Aideen
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesChildhood contact with social services is associated with adult suicide risk, but little is known about self-harm and suicidal ideation, which are recognised predictors of suicide. This study compares self-harm (SH) and suicidal ideation (SI) in young adults with childhood history of social services contact to unexposed peers.

MethodA longitudinal, population-wide study of all children born 1985-1993 in Northern Ireland (NI) linking primary care registrations to social services data (1985-2015) and a national registry capturing all SH and SI presentations to the 12 Emergency Departments in NI (2012-2015). Multilevel logistic regression models estimated the association between level of contact with social services in childhood (no contact; referred but assessed as not in need (NIN); child in need (CIN); and child in care (CIC)) and SH, SI and any SH/SI, accounting for confounders and the amount of variation attributable to clustering by Health and Social Care Trust.

ResultsThe cohort comprised 253,495 individuals (ages 18-30 years) alive and registered with a general practitioner during follow-up. Of the cohort, 4,026 presented with SH and 1,669 with SI. Individuals with a childhood history of social services contact comprised 10.8% of the cohort (2.9% NIN; 6.5% CIN; and 1.4% CIC) yet accounted for 40.9% of SH/SI cases. Likelihood of SH, SI, and any SH/SI increased stepwise with level of contact with social services. After full adjustment, young adults deemed NIN in childhood were three times more likely to present with SH/SI (OR 3.45 [95% CI 3.07-3.88]), former CIN five times more likely (OR 5.33 [95% CI 4.97-5.74]), and former CIC ten times more likely (OR 10.49 [95% CI 9.45-11.66]), relative to those with no contact.

ConclusionAdults with a childhood history of social services contact, including those assessed as not in need, account for a disproportionate number of self-harm and suicidal ideation cases. Timely and targeted interventions aimed at this population have the potential to reduce the burden of self-harm and suicide
Suicide ideation and subsequent self-harm: Variations in presentations, care and management during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Murphy Siobhán , O'Reilly Dermot , Maguire Aideen , Ross Emma
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated societal changes including access to emergency departments (ED) may have influenced suicide ideation (SI) incidence and the case fatality rates. This study quantifies the numbers of individuals presenting to ED with SI before and during the pandemic and examines risk of subsequent presentation to ED with self-harm and mortality.

MethodsThe Northern Ireland Self-Harm (SH) Registry provided data on suicide ideation and self-harm presentations across 12 ED departments in NI between January 2016 and September 2021. Linkage to health and mortality records provided follow up to September 2021. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to assess subsequent self-harm and mortality risk following initial presentation to ED with suicidal ideation.

ResultsPreliminary findings indicate that during the study period there were 21,601 ED presentations with SI between made by 9184 individuals of whom 2,011 subsequently went on to self-harm. Presentations with SI increased in the four years prior to the pandemic with the highest occurring in 2019. The number of individuals presenting to ED then decreased substantially in March/April 2020 leading to a 37% and 47% reduction, corresponding to the first “lockdown”. Presentations remained lower until June 2020 when restrictions started to ease. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, individuals presenting with SI during the pandemic were approximately 60% less likely to ED with subsequent self-harm (ORadj = 0.41, 95% CI 0.29, 0.59) even after adjustment for variations in the demographic profile of individuals, and the care and management they received at the ED.

ConclusionRates of ideation followed similar trends to previous years except in the early months of the pandemic. Those presenting with SI during the pandemic conferred a reduced likelihood of re-attending at ED with subsequent self-harm compared to the pre-pandemic period. The possible underlying mechanisms behind these findings will be discussed.
Maternal disability and newborn discharge to child protection in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Grant Claire , Grant Claire , Guttmann Astrid , N. Vigod Simone , Sharpe Isobel , Fung Kinwah , Brown Hilary
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesOne in 8 pregnancies are to women with disabilities. These mothers can face additional social, structural, and health-related challenges, and negative health care provider assumptions about their parenting capacity. We aimed to examine rates of newborn discharge to child protection comparing newborns of mothers with and without a disability.

MethodWe are conducting a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada using linked administrative health data. The cohort includes all women in Ontario with a live birth between 2003 and 2020. Diagnostic algorithms were applied to health care encounters prior to pregnancy to identify maternal disability. We will use modified Poisson regression to estimate the relative risk of discharge to child protection immediately after the birth hospital stay, comparing newborns of women with physical, sensory, developmental, and multiple disabilities to those without disabilities. Models will be adjusted for socio-demographic factors, antenatal care receipt, and maternal mental illness and substance use disorders.

ResultsThe study cohort includes of over 1.4 million newborns delivered to women with physical disabilities (n=120,014), sensory disabilities (n=39,892), developmental disabilities (n=2,182), multiple disabilities (n=8,428), and no known disability (n=1,269,633). Analyses are ongoing and results will be concluded by the conference date.

ConclusionEarly infancy is a critical period for breastfeeding and maternal-infant bonding. Findings will inform the development of tailored services and resources for supporting women with disabilities in antenatal care and after birth by identifying those most at-risk of child protection intervention, thus potentially reducing maternal-newborn separations.
Efficient Market Hypothesis, Covid-19 and Accumulated Return of Common Shares – Event Study of The Top Chinese Financial Institutions by Market Value Criterion
Authors: Santos José Odálio dos , Nardy André , Las Casas Alexandre Luzzi , Araes Theresangela Giongo Flores
Published: September 2023

This work analyzed, via event study methodology, the impact of the disclosure of two relevant decrees in 2020 (1. quarantine in the city of Wuhan by the Chinese government on January 22; 2. COVID-19 pandemic by the WHO on March 11 ) in the cumulative return of the common shares of the four largest Chinese banks by the market value criterion. Event 1 presented p-values greater than 0.05 in the estimation window, showing no statistically significant impact on the behavior of the abnormal cumulative return of selected common shares, characterizing informational inefficiency. For event 2, the opposite is in the days close to the disclosure (p-values lower than 0.05) under the expected behavior of price adjustment in efficient markets.
Potential Harms Resulting From Patient-Clinician Real-Time Clinical Encounters Using Video-based Telehealth: A Rapid Evidence Review
Authors: Rosen Michael , Stewart C. Matthew , Kharrazi Hadi , Sharma Ritu , Vass Montrell , Zhang Allen , Bass Eric B.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To review the evidence on harms associated with patient-clinician real time encounters using video-based telehealth and determine the effectiveness of any related patient safety practices (PSPs). PSPs are interventions, strategies, or approaches intended to prevent or mitigate unintended consequences of healthcare delivery and improve patient safety. This review provides information that clinicians and health system leaders need to determine how to minimize harms from increasing real-time use of telehealth. Methods. We followed rapid review processes of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane to identify eligible studies published from 2012 to 2022, supplemented by a search for unpublished evaluations and white papers. Outcomes of interest included: adverse events (any harm to patients due to medical care), other specified harms (i.e., preventable hospitalizations, inappropriate treatment, missed or delayed diagnoses, duplication of services, privacy breaches), and implementation factors for any PSPs. Findings. Our search retrieved 7,155 citations, of which 23 studies (including 6 randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) were eligible for review. Fourteen studies reported on adverse events or unintended effects of telehealth; these studies were conducted in diverse settings, with four studies in behavioral health, two each in rehabilitation, transplant, and Parkinson’s care, and one each in postoperative, termination of pregnancy, community health, and hospital-at-home settings. Adverse events such as death, reoperation, infection, or major complications were infrequent in both telehealth and usual care groups, making it difficult to find statistically significant differences. One RCT found telehealth resulted in fewer medication errors than standard care. Thirteen studies examined preventable hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits and reported mixed findings; six of these studies were in postoperative care and two were in urological care. Of the 6 RCTs, 3 showed no difference in risk of hospitalization or ED visits for telehealth compared to usual care, and 3 showed reduced risk for patients receiving telehealth. We found no studies on the effectiveness of PSPs in reducing harms associated with real-time telehealth. Conclusions. Studies have evaluated the frequency and severity of harms associated with real-time video-based telehealth encounters between clinicians and patients, examining a variety of patient safety measures. Telehealth was not inferior to usual care in terms of hospitalizations or ED visits. No studies evaluated a specific PSP. More research is needed to improve understanding of harms associated with real-time use of telehealth and how to prevent or mitigate those harms.
Fatal and disseminated infection by Entamoeba invadens in a red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria)
Authors: Nishihara Juliana Keiko Louriçal Firmo , Ferreira-Machado Eduardo , Navas-Suarez Pedro Enrique , Ervedosa Ticiana Brasil , Garcia Jamile Macedo , Jesus Isis Paixão de , Carvalho Julia de , Figueiredo Ketlyn Bolsachini , Carvalho Ana Carolina Souza Ramos de , Frediani Mayra , Fernandes Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo , Guerra Juliana Mariotti
Published: September 2023

Amebiasis is an important parasitosis that can affect reptiles, specially caused by protozoas of the genus Entamoeba, which include pathogenic or commensal species. Entamoeba invadens is the most common amoeba to cause serious disease and death in reptiles. This paper aims to report a case of a sudden death due to a disseminated infection by Entamoeba invadens in a red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria). The animal was brought to the Center for Management and Conservation of Wild Animals of the Fauna Division and found dead after being kept in an enclousure with other captive tortoises for 11 months. Macroscopic findings evidenced necrotizing typhlitis and proctitis and round yellow areas in the right lobe of liver parenchyma. In the histological examination, necrotizing and heterophilic enteritis and necrotizing hepatitis with macrovesicular degeneration of hepatocytes, associated with mixed inflammatory infiltrate were present. Both organs revealed numerous amoebic trophozoites, morphologically suggestive of the genus Entamoeba, and bacterial colonies. The agent was confirmed by PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing, which leads this study to be the first confirmed case report of E. invadens infection in Brazil in a red-footed tortoise.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI BERBASIS WEB PADA PRODI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
Authors: Oktafiantoro Dwi , Nurkamid Mukhamad , Maharani Rizkysari Mei
Published: September 2023

Sistem bimbingan skripsi yang efektif sangat penting bagi mahasiswa teknik informatika dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir mereka. Namun, proses bimbingan skripsi seringkali menemui kendala seperti jadwal yang tidak fleksibel, keterbatasan ruang dan waktu, serta kesulitan dalam berkomunikasi antara dosen pembimbing dan mahasiswa. Oleh karena itu, implementasi sistem bimbingan skripsi berbasis web sangatlah penting untuk memfasilitasi mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan skripsi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan sistem bimbingan skripsi berbasis web pada program studi Teknik Informatika. Sistem ini dikembangkan menggunakan metode waterfall dan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP serta MySQL sebagai database. Sistem ini memungkinkan mahasiswa untuk memilih dosen pembimbing, mengajukan jadwal pertemuan, dan mengunggah dokumen-dokumen terkait skripsi secara online. Selain itu, dosen pembimbing juga dapat memberikan masukan dan memberikan feedback melalui sistem.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem bimbingan skripsi berbasis web yang diimplementasikan sangat membantu dalam mempercepat proses bimbingan skripsi dan meningkatkan interaksi antara dosen pembimbing dan mahasiswa. Hal ini juga memberikan kemudahan dalam memantau perkembangan skripsi dan memungkinkan mahasiswa untuk memperoleh informasi seputar skripsi secara online. Kata kunci: Sistem Bimbingan Skripsi, Berbasis Web, Teknik Informatika, Jadwal Pertemuan, Dokumen Skripsi.
Corporate Reporting, Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Tax Aggressiveness: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Kesumaningrum Ninuk Dewi , Bujang Imbarine , Muda Ruhaini , Mohamed Norhayati
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to empirically analyze the relationship between corporate reporting, both mandatory (financial reporting) and voluntary (Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure) reporting, three corporate governance mechanisms (board size, independent board, and CEO duality), and tax aggressiveness in Indonesia. The study used a collected dataset of 121 public companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from 2016 to 2020. The data was collected from annual and sustainability reports published on the IDX and the company websites. The data was categorized based on classifications of non-financial industries because different characteristics and business cycles may influence tax aggressiveness decisions. Using the panel OLS approach, the research found that, in most industries, aggressive financial reporting positively relates, while CSR disclosures were negatively related to tax aggressiveness. The results also found that corporate governance mechanisms significantly related to tax aggressiveness in most industries. The findings suggest that board members, particularly independent boards with tax expertise and experience, can influence aggressive tax decisions. This study is the first to extract testing by industry classification, using mandatory financial reporting and voluntary CSR disclosures in Indonesia as indicators of corporate tax aggressiveness. The findings provide knowledge on company governance strategies to reduce aggressive tax actions. Keywords: aggressive financial reporting, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance mechanisms, tax aggressiveness