bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Human Amniotic Membrane Patching Assisted Vitrectomy in the Management of Postoperative PVR in Complex Retinal Detachments
Authors: Caporossi Tomaso , Molle Andrea , Carlà Matteo Mario , Picardi Stefano Maria , Gambini Gloria , Scampoli Alessandra , Governatori Lorenzo , Bernardinelli Patrizio , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: February 2023

Human amniotic membranes (hAMs) are extraembryonic tissues currently employed in the treatment of many ocular and systemic diseases. Several reports indicate that hAMs can suppress the signaling pathway of tissue growth factor beta (TGF-β), a cytokine that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in exposed retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a modified vitrectomy procedure (hAMP-V) involving the extensive coverage of exposed RPE with hAM patches to prevent postoperative PVR in a series of 15 cases of retinal detachment complicated by severe preoperatory PVR. The primary outcome was to assess the rate of successful retinal reattachment of a single hAMP-V procedure at 6 months from silicone oil removal. Secondary outcomes included the collection of intraoperative data concerning the quantity, size, and scope of hAM patches, and the assessment of postoperative improvements in mean LogMar BCVA at 3 and 6 months. Successful retinal reattachment was obtained in 14 out of 15 eyes (93.3%). Surgical failure due to major recurrence of PVR occurred in 1 out of 15 eyes (6.7%). Postoperative improvements in mean LogMar BCVA were statistically significant (p < 0.05, paired t-test). No intraoperative and postoperative adverse effects were reported. The study helped to refine the surgical technique while also offering cues for future improvements.
Anticoagulation Control and Major Adverse Clinical Events in Patients with Operated Valvular Heart Disease with and without Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Vitamin K Antagonists
Authors: Zulkifly Hanis H. , Pastori Daniele , Lane Deirdre A. , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: February 2023

Background: Good quality anticoagulation among patients with operated valvular heart disease is needed to reduce ischaemic and thromboembolic complications. There is limited evidence regarding factors that affect anticoagulation control in patients implanted with mechanical or tissue prosthetic valve(s). Aim: To examine the quality of and factors that affect anticoagulation control, major adverse clinical events and all-cause death in operated valvular heart disease patients with and without atrial fibrillation who are receiving a vitamin K antagonist. Methods: Quality of anticoagulation were retrospectively assessed among 456 operated valvular heart disease patients [164 (36%) with AF and 290 (64%) without AF] via time in therapeutic range (TTR) (Rosendaal method) and percentage of INRs in range (PINRR) over a median of 6.2 (3.3–8.5) years. VHD was defined by the presence of a mechanical or tissue prosthetic valve at the mitral, aortic, or both sites. Results: Mean age 51 (14.7), 64.5% men. Most (96.1%) had a mechanical prosthesis and 64% had aortic valve replacement. Overall, mean TTR was 58.5% (14.6) and PINRR was 50.1% (13.8). Operated valvular heart disease patients with AF had significantly lower mean TTR and PINRR (TTR: 55.7% (14.2) vs. 60.1% (14.6); p = 0.002, respectively, PINRR: 47.4% (13.5) vs. 51.6% (13.7); p = 0.002, respectively), and a lower proportion of TTR ≥ 70%, despite a similar number of INR tests compared to those without AF. Predictors of TTR < 70% were female sex, AF and anaemia/bleeding history. Significantly higher proportions of operated valvular heart disease patients with AF died (20.7% vs. 5.8%; p < 0.001), but ≥1 MACE rates were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Operated valvular heart disease patients with AF at baseline have poorer anticoagulation control compared to those without AF. The presence of concomitant AF, anaemia/bleeding history and female sex independently predicted poor TTR. Stringent INR monitoring is needed to improve anticoagulation control and prevent major adverse clinical events in patients with operated valvular heart disease.
The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb Injuries
Authors: Oleksy Łukasz , Mika Anna , Sulowska-Daszyk Iwona , Kielnar Renata , Dzięcioł-Anikiej Zofia , Zyznawska Joanna , Adamska Olga , Stolarczyk Artur
Published: February 2023

This study was aimed at evaluating knee stabilizer (quadriceps and hamstring) muscle strength and the medio-lateral symmetry of hamstring fatigue in football players after ACL reconstruction and with mild lower extremity injuries. The study comprised 65 professional football players who were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 24; 22.7 ± 3.6 years; 175 ± 4 cm; 77.3 ± 7.6 kg) after ACL reconstruction, Group 2 (n = 21; 20.5 ± 3.7 years; 177 ± 6 cm; 74.3 ± 9.1 kg) with mild lower-limb injuries (grade 1 muscle strains) and Group 3 (n = 20; 23.1 ± 2.8 years; 178 ± 6 cm; 75.8 ± 8.8 kg) without injuries in the past 3 years. The concentric isokinetic test (10 knee flexions and extensions at 60, 180 and 300°/s with a 30 s interval for rest) was performed on both limbs. Fatigue symmetry between the medial and lateral hamstrings was measured with sEMG during 60 s of isometric contractions. In comparison to the other groups, the injured leg demonstrated significantly lower values of peak torque for the quadriceps (G1–G2 = 48%, 38%, 14%; G1–G3 = 49%, 25%, 14%) and hamstring muscles (G1–G2 = 36%, 35%, 18%; G1–G3 = 64%, 28%, 17%) as well as lower values of hamstring muscle work (G1–G2 = 262 J, 157 J; G1–G3 = 219 J, 179 J) and power (G1–G2 = 34 W; 11 W; G1–G3 = 29 W, 12 W). No significant differences were noted in strength between Groups 2 and 3. The significantly higher fatigue of the BF compared to the SEM muscle was seen in Group 1 for the involved (mean difference = 0.12) and uninvolved limbs (mean difference = −0.10), but in Group 2, a non-significant trend towards asymmetry was also noted. No asymmetry in hamstring muscle fatigue was determined in Group 3. The results of our study allow us to indicate that active football players who previously met the RTS criteria, had deficits in lower-limb muscle performance 2–3 years after reconstruction, which could lead to ACL re-injury. This observation is potentially of importance because these deficits may not be subjectively reported by such athletes and also may not be visible in regular orthopedic and physiotherapeutic assessment.
Comparative Study of Short-Term Efficacy and Safety of Radical Surgery with or without Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer with T4 Stage: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Guo Xikai , Lin Yao , Shen Chu , Li Yuan , Zeng Xinyu , Lv Jianbo , Xiang Fan , Ruan Tuo , Wu Chuanqing , Tao Kaixiong
Published: February 2023

Background: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in T4 colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. The study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of radical surgery (RS) with HIPEC in T4 CRC. Methods: Adverse events after HIPEC were estimated by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. The efficacy was evaluated using recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the effects of confounders between groups. Results: Of the 417 patients (263 men and 154 women), 165 patients were treated with RS + HIPEC and 252 patients with RS alone. There was no significant difference in the incidence of all adverse events after PSM. Overall RFS and OS were not significantly different at 24 months (p = 0.580 and p = 0.072, respectively). However, in patients with T4b stage CRC (92.1% vs. 77.3%, p = 0.048) and tumor size ≥ 5 cm (93.0% vs. 80.9%, p = 0.029), RFS in the two groups showed a significant difference at 24 months. Conclusions: In summary, the safety of HIPEC in T4 CRC was confirmed. Compared with RS, though RS + HIPEC did not benefit the overall cohort at 24 months, RS + HIPEC could benefit patients with T4b stage CRC and tumor size ≥ 5 cm in RFS.
The Use of Lactide Polymers in Bone Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry—A Systematic Review
Authors: Rajewska Justyna , Kowalski Jakub , Matys Jacek , Dobrzyński Maciej , Wiglusz Rafal J.
Published: February 2023

(1) Background: Different compositions of biodegradable materials are being investigated to successfully replace non-resorbable ones in bone tissue regeneration in dental surgery. The systematic review tried to address the question, “Can biodegradable polymers act as a replacement for conventional materials in dental surgery procedures?” (2) Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted in October 2022. The following keywords were used: (lactide polymers) and (hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite) and (dentistry) and (regeneration). Initially, 59 studies were found. Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. (3) Results: These usually improved the properties and induced osteogenesis, tissue mineralisation and bone regeneration by inducing osteoblast proliferation. Five studies showed higher induction of osteogenesis in the case of biomaterials, UV-HAp/PLLA, ALBO-OS, bioresorbable raw particulate hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactide and PLGA/Hap, compared to conventional materials such as titanium. Four studies confirmed improvement in tissue mineralisation with the usage of biomaterials: hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid (HA/PLA) loaded with dog’s dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), Coll/HAp/PLCL, PDLLA/VACNT-O:nHAp, incorporation of hydroxyapatite and simvastatin. Three studies showed an acceleration in proliferation of osteoblasts for the use of biomaterials with additional factors such as collagen and UV light. (4) Conclusions: Lactide polymers present higher osteointegration and cell proliferation rate than the materials compared. They are superior to non-biodegradable materials in terms of the biocompability, bone remodelling and healing time tests. Moreover, because there is no need of reoperation, as the material automatically degrades, the chance of scars and skin sclerosis is lower. However, more studies involving greater numbers of biomaterial types and mixes need to be performed in order to find a perfect biodegradable material.
Can Intelligence Affect Alcohol-, Smoking-, and Physical Activity-Related Behaviors? A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Hansen , Zhang Xing , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Zhenhuan , Feng Siyuan , Zhang Guodong
Published: February 2023

People with high levels of intelligence are more aware of risk factors, therefore choosing a healthier lifestyle. This assumption seems reasonable, but is it true? Previous studies appear to agree and disagree. To cope with the uncertainty, we designed a mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the causal effects of genetically proxied intelligence on alcohol-, smoking-, and physical activity (PA)-related behaviors. We obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets concerning these variables from separate studies or biobanks and used inverse-variance weighted (IVW) or MR-Egger estimator to evaluate the causal effects according to an MR protocol. The MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and funnel plots were employed for horizontal pleiotropy diagnosis. The Steiger test (with reliability test), Cochran’s Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method were employed for sensitivity analysis. We found significant or potential effects of intelligence on alcohol dependence (OR = 0.749, p = 0.003), mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol (OR = 0.814, p = 0.009), smoking (OR = 0.585, p = 0.005), and smoking cessation (OR = 1.334, p = 0.001). Meanwhile, we found significant or potential effects on walking duration (B = −0.066, p < 0.001), walking frequency (B = −0.055, p = 0.031), moderate PA frequency (B = −0.131, p < 0.001), and vigorous PA frequency (B = −0.070, p = 0.001), but all in a negative direction. In conclusion, our findings reinforce some existing knowledge, indicate the complexity of the health impacts of human intelligence, and underline the value of smoking and alcohol prevention in less intelligent populations. Given the existing limitations in this study, particularly the potential reverse causality in some estimations, re-examinations are warranted in future research.
Liquid-Based 4D Printing of Shape Memory Nanocomposites: A Review
Authors: Alsaadi Mohamad , Hinchy Eoin P. , McCarthy Conor T. , Moritz Vicente F. , Zhuo Shuo , Fuenmayor Evert , Devine Declan M.
Published: February 2023

Significant advances have been made in recent years in the materials development of liquid-based 4D printing. Nevertheless, employing additive materials such as nanoparticles for enhancing printability and shape memory characteristics is still challenging. Herein, we provide an overview of recent developments in liquid-based 4D printing and highlights of novel 4D-printable polymeric resins and their nanocomposite components. Recent advances in additive manufacturing technologies that utilise liquid resins, such as stereolithography, digital light processing, material jetting and direct ink writing, are considered in this review. The effects of nanoparticle inclusion within liquid-based resins on the shape memory and mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed nanocomposite components are comprehensively discussed. Employing various filler-modified mixture resins, such as nanosilica, nanoclay and nanographene, as well as fibrous materials to support various properties of 3D printing components is considered. Overall, this review paper provides an outline of liquid-based 4D-printed nanocomposites in terms of cutting-edge research, including shape memory and mechanical properties.
Load Introduction Specimen Design for the Mechanical Characterisation of Lattice Structures under Tensile Loading
Authors: Jung Justin , Meyer Guillaume , Greiner Matthias , Mittelstedt Christian
Published: February 2023

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that the lightweight potential of load-carrying structural components could be further enhanced using additive manufacturing technology. However, the additive manufacturing process offers a large parameter space that highly impacts the part quality and their inherent mechanical properties. Therefore, the most influential parameters need to be identified separately, categorised, classified and incorporated into the design process. To achieve this, the reliable testing of mechanical properties is crucial. The current developments concerning additively manufactured lattice structures lack unified standards for tensile testing and specimen design. A key factor is the high stress concentrations at the transition between the lattice structure and the solid tensile specimen’s clamping region. The present work aims to design a topology-optimised transition region applicable to all cubic unit cell types that avoids high samples potentially involved in structural grading. On the basis of fulfilling the defined objective and satisfying the constraints of the stress and uniaxiality conditions, the most influential parameters are identified through a correlation analysis. The selected design solutions are further analysed and compared to generic transition design approaches. The most promising design features (compliant edges, rounded cross-section, pillar connection) are then interpreted into structural elements, leading to an innovative generic design of the load introduction region that yields promising results after a proof-of-concept study.
Floating Riverine Litter Flux to the White Sea: Seasonal Changes in Abundance and Composition
Authors: Mikusheva Maria , Pogojeva Maria , Kotova Ekaterina , Kozhevnikov Alexsander , Danilova Eleonora , Berezina Anfisa , Yakushev Evgeniy
Published: February 2023

Arctic rivers bring litter from their basins to the sea, but accurate data for the Arctic do not exist yet. This study presents the first assessment of floating macro litter input (>2.5 cm) from the Northern Dvina and Onega rivers to the White Sea. The observations were performed based on the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) methodology and using the mobile application of the Joint Research Centre (Ispra, Italy). The results of observations from May 2021 to November 2021 show that 77% of floating objects were of natural origin (mainly leaves, wood and bird feathers). Of the particles of anthropogenic origin, 59.6% were represented by various types of plastics, 27.7% were processed wood, 8.5% paper/cardboard, 2.7% metal, 1.1% were rubber and <1% textiles. The average monthly input of anthropogenic macro litter by the Northern Dvina varies from 250 to 1700 items/hour, and by Onega from 520 to 2350 items/hour. The level of pollution of the studied rivers was found to be higher than in some Europeans rivers but lower than in China. The mass discharge of macroplastics in the Northern Dvina River was compared with the estimates of the discharge of meso- and microplastics; that allowed us to show that the discharge of macroplastics in mass units is much higher than of micro- and mesoplastics.
Morphology and Settling Velocity of Sea Stars (Asterias rubens)
Authors: Burgaard Karen B. , Carstensen Stefan , Fuhrman David R. , Saurel Camille , O’Neill Finbarr G.
Published: February 2023

This study presents morphological data and estimates of the settling velocity and drag coefficient of sea stars (Asterias rubens) caught in the Limfjord, Denmark. A geometric model describing the sea star is presented and the thickness and arm width are determined as linear functions of arm length. The volume and mass of the sea stars is well predicted by the geometric model and is in agreement with the experimental measurements. The mean sea star density is determined to be 1095 kg/m3, the mean drag coefficient is estimated to be 2.3 and the settling velocity is shown to vary with the square root of the its size.
Sailboat Test Arena (STAr): A Remotely Accessible Platform for Robotic Sailboat Research
Authors: Sun Qinbo , Qi Weimin , Liang Cheng , Lin Bairun , Maurelli Francesco , Qian Huihuan
Published: February 2023

Autonomous sailing robots have attracted much attention, but challenges arise due to the sailing tests require an environment with both aerodynamic and hydrodynamic fields and a sufficient number of sailing robots in readiness. A remotely accessible platform with the advantages of low cost, easy operation and high efficiency is the preferred method to solve this dilemma. Consistent with this goal is the design of Sailboat Test Arena (STAr), a remotely accessible platform for sailing robot design verification, autonomous algorithms validation and sailing control practices. All three parts require extensive testing in real water environments. Hereby, for testers around the world, STAr can be accessed without time difference. A variety of local and remote tests have been conducted in the STAr platform at various location around the world. The results show that STAr is a remotely accessible and effective tool in data collection and skill transfer. With continuous adoption and optimization, STAr will continue to serve as a tool to further promote low-cost, high-efficiency and diverse sailing research, and provide opportunities for more people to experience sailing.
Seaworthiness Management of Bulk Carriers during the Transportation Process from the Perspective of Bauxite Performance
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Meng Xiangqian , Zhang Pengfei , Hou Zhiqiang
Published: February 2023

The seaworthiness of a ship plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of life and property and the prevention of marine pollution. One meaning of seaworthiness is the fundamental ability to sail safely to a destination, as well as being fit and ready for cargo. The parameters of seaworthiness have been expanded with the introduction of new maritime regulations. The entry of the 2019 amendments to the IMSBC Code into force has brought significant changes to bulk carriers with cargo that may liquefy at sea. Using examples from history, as well as an understanding of the environmental conditions of the oceans that ships are subject to, the seaworthiness of bauxite carriers was examined critically. First, the concept and doctrine of seaworthiness were clarified considering the existing transportation technology. Then, the spirit of the 2019 amendments to the IMSBC Code was applied to the seaworthiness of a bauxite carrier, showing that it demonstrated dynamic instability. Beyond that, from a transportability performance perspective, an extensive discussion was provided concerning the major correlation related to seaworthiness. Finally, practical recommendations were given on keeping a ship seaworthy before and during the process of bauxite transportation.
Prediction of the Potential Distributions of Prunus salicina Lindl., Monilinia fructicola, and Their Overlap in China Using MaxEnt
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chen Lin , Zhang Xueyan , Li Qing
Published: February 2023

Prunus salicina Lindl. (P. salicina) is an essential cash crop in China, and brown rot (BR) is one of its most important diseases. In this study, we collected geographic location information on P. salicina and Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey (M. fructicola), one of the BR pathogenic species, and applied the MaxEnt model to simulate its potential suitable distribution in China. There have been discussions about the dominant environmental variables restricting its geographical distribution and their overlap. The results showed that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the warmest quarter, precipitation in July, and minimum temperatures in January and November were the main climatic variables affecting the potential distribution of P. salicina, while the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, precipitation of March, precipitation of October, maximum temperatures of February, October, and November, and minimum temperature of January were related to the location of M. fructicola. Southern China had suitable conditions for both P. salicina and M. fructicola. Notably, the overlap area of P. salicina and M. fructicola was primarily located southeast of 91°48′ E 27°38′ N to 126°47′ E 41°45′ N. The potential overlap area predicted by our research provided theoretical evidence for the prevention of BR during plum planting.
External Validation of Prediction Models for Surgical Complications in People Considering Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty Was Successful for Delirium but Not for Surgical Site Infection, Postoperative Bleeding, and Nerve Damage: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sweerts Lieke , Dekkers Pepijn W. , van der Wees Philip J. , van Susante Job L. C. , de Jong Lex D. , Hoogeboom Thomas J. , van de Groes Sebastiaan A. W.
Published: February 2023

Although several models for the prediction of surgical complications after primary total hip or total knee replacement (THA and TKA, respectively) are available, only a few models have been externally validated. The aim of this study was to externally validate four previously developed models for the prediction of surgical complications in people considering primary THA or TKA. We included 2614 patients who underwent primary THA or TKA in secondary care between 2017 and 2020. Individual predicted probabilities of the risk for surgical complication per outcome (i.e., surgical site infection, postoperative bleeding, delirium, and nerve damage) were calculated for each model. The discriminative performance of patients with and without the outcome was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and predictive performance was assessed with calibration plots. The predicted risk for all models varied between <0.01 and 33.5%. Good discriminative performance was found for the model for delirium with an AUC of 84% (95% CI of 0.82–0.87). For all other outcomes, poor discriminative performance was found; 55% (95% CI of 0.52–0.58) for the model for surgical site infection, 61% (95% CI of 0.59–0.64) for the model for postoperative bleeding, and 57% (95% CI of 0.53–0.61) for the model for nerve damage. Calibration of the model for delirium was moderate, resulting in an underestimation of the actual probability between 2 and 6%, and exceeding 8%. Calibration of all other models was poor. Our external validation of four internally validated prediction models for surgical complications after THA and TKA demonstrated a lack of predictive accuracy when applied in another Dutch hospital population, with the exception of the model for delirium. This model included age, the presence of a heart disease, and the presence of a disease of the central nervous system as predictor variables. We recommend that clinicians use this simple and straightforward delirium model during preoperative counselling, shared decision-making, and early delirium precautionary interventions.
Peri-Interventional Triple Therapy with Dabigatran Modifies Vasomotion after Bare-Metal Stent Implantation in a Pig Coronary Artery Model
Authors: Hemetsberger Rayyan , Farhan Serdar , Lukovic Dominika , Zlabinger Katrin , Hajagos-Toth Judit , Bota Judit , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. , Ay Cihan , Samaha Eslam , Gaspar Robert , Garamvölgyi Rita , Huber Kurt , Spannbauer Andreas , Gyöngyösi Mariann
Published: February 2023

(1) Background: Coronary artery stenting leads to local inflammation, disturbs vasomotion, and slows endothelialization, increasing vascular thrombus risk. We used a pig stenting coronary artery model to assess how peri-interventional triple therapy with dabigatran ameliorates these effects. (2) Methods: In a total of 28 pigs bare-metal stents were implanted. Four days before the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), we started 16 of the animals on dabigatran, maintained through 4 days after the procedure. As controls, the remaining 12 pigs received no therapy. In both groups, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (clopidogrel, 75 mg plus aspirin, 100 mg) was administered until animals were euthanized. Just after the PCI and on day 3 after the procedure, we performed optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eight animals in the dabigatran group and four controls and euthanized them. We followed the eight remaining animals in each group with OCT and angiography for one month before euthanizing them and performed in vitro myometry and histology on harvested coronary arteries from all animals. (3) Results: The dabigatran group showed a significantly increased vasoconstriction at 3 days after PCI (10.97 ± 3.85 mN vs. 7.32 ± 5.41 mN, p = 0.03), but we found no differences between endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation. We also found no group differences in OCT, quantitative angiography, or histomorphometry findings. (4) Conclusions: Starting a short course of dabigatran just before PCI and continuing for a 3-day window along with usual post-PCI DAPT is associated with enhanced vasoconstriction after bare-metal stent implantation without reducing neointimal formation at one month.
Estate Planning Behaviour: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Basir Faziatul , Ahmad Wan , Rahman Mahfuzur
Published: February 2023

Estate planning is a financial tool for an individual to manage wealth upon his incapacitation or death. Although there are numerous studies on estate planning, there still needs to be an effort to systematically review the estate planning measurements. The paper aims to systematically review the literature published between 1990 to 2021 and evaluate the measures of estate planning and its methodological qualities. The systematic literature review process was guided by the PRISMA protocol, where the articles were selected based on established databases such as WOS, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. The final sample of 24 articles was reviewed for the estate planning measurement, and it was found that previous studies examined estate planning as a tool for financial, wealth distribution, and succession planning. The measurements of only 10 studies were found to be sufficiently validated, rendering other studies under review to be inadequate in establishing sound empirical conclusions. This review contributes to assisting future researchers in choosing well-validated measurements of estate planning and adapting them accordingly to each context.
Energy-Saving Potential in Planning Urban Functional Areas: The Case of Bialystok (Poland)
Authors: Zaleckis Kęstutis , Czarnecki Bartosz
Published: February 2023

Mobility is one of the basic needs for modern people. The transport system is one of the largest consumers of energy. The largest dimension of mobility activity is concentrated in metropolitan areas, which also shows energy consumption by transport. The research looked at the potential for improving the energy efficiency of a functional and spatial structure, using the example of a medium-sized city and its functional area. The study refers to the idea of the pervasiveness of spatial structure and to the criteria of New Urbanism, as a multifunctional and sustainable urban form. The gravity fields concept was also used. This article presents simulation modeling that has made it possible to model the potential for optimizing an urbanized area towards a reduction in energy consumption in the mobility sphere and to compare the scale of the potential in this respect of its segments in relation to the movement relationships of the destinations (residence, services, workplaces, and leisure). Results show the greatest energy-saving potential located in the peripheral areas with longer distances from centers and the worst equipment of services and infrastructure. The analytic model presented in the article, based on the concept of pervasiveness, could be used for the evaluation of the multifunctionality and sustainability of urban structures.
Impact of Governance Structure of Rural Collective Economic Organizations on Trading Efficiency of Collective Construction Land of China
Authors: Deng Meie , Zhang Anlu , Luo Wei , Hu Canwei , Huang Meng , Cheng Congxi
Published: February 2023

In order to enable urban economic development, the use of the right value and asset value of rural collective construction land (RCCL) is increasingly becoming apparent and this market is experiencing rapid development. However, the arrangement of the governance structure of rural shareholding cooperatives (RSCs) can seriously affect the efficiency of collective construction land market transactions, since the governance of RSCs is related to the interests of farmers. Protecting the rights and interests of farmers while improving the governance efficiency of RSCs is a considerable challenge worldwide. To better deal with this challenge, this study used a field survey in Nanhai District, Guangdong Province, China, to estimate how the governance structure of RSCs affect the efficiency of RCCL market transactions. Tobit models were constructed, and the results show that (1) most of the governance functions of RSCs were not separate from the administrative management of the village committees, which leads to low efficiency of RSCs’ governance; (2) leaders of rural collective economic organizations played a key role in governance efficiency; (3) from the perspective of collective land property rights, most village shareholders did not have decision-making power or supervisory authority in the RCCL transfers because they could not complete access to transaction information. Furthermore, most villagers felt that the amount of income distributed was unreasonable, and the rights and interests of farmers and village shareholders were not guaranteed by the RSCs. Therefore, we suggest that the Chinese authorities should strengthen their current efforts to construct a more open and fair governance structure of the RSCs and thus improve their market transaction efficiency. Our work provides some insights into ways to improve the governance structure and market transaction efficiency of RSCs, which can further contribute to the development of the RCCL market in other areas of China and worldwide.
Land Use Function Transition and Associated Ecosystem Service Value Effects Based on Production–Living–Ecological Space: A Case Study in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Pan Fangjie , Shu Nannan , Wan Qing , Huang Qi
Published: February 2023

The transition of land use function and its effects on ecosystem services is a key issue in eco-environmental protection and is the basis of territorial space governance and optimization. Previous studies have typically selected land use types to evaluate ecosystem service value (ESV) and have overlooked comprehensive characteristics of ecosystem services and the mutual feedback relationship between human social systems and the ecosystem. Taking the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Hubei section (TGRA-HS) as a case study, we used a transition matrix, the revised ESV method, and an ecological contribution rate model to explore land use function transition (LUFT) and its effects on the change in ESV based on the production–living–ecological space (PLES) classification system. The results show that: (1) The transition of land use function based on PLES was the mapping of the evolution of the human–nature relationship in the spatial pattern, which reflected the evolution of the spatial pattern caused by human interference with the continuous development of society; (2) The evolution of PLES showed the characteristics of a reduction in production space (P-space), and an expansion in living space (L-space) and ecological space (E-space). The distribution pattern of PLES from 1990 to 2020 was basically the same, and the characteristics of structural transform reflected the characteristics of project construction in different phases; (3) The E-space contributed the most to the total ESV, and it has risen by CNY 13.06 × 108. The transition of land use function caused by human construction projects impacts the spatiotemporal change in the regional ESV; (4) The change in ESV induced by LUFT revealed the whole dynamic process of the positive and negative effects of human construction projects on ecosystem services, and the two effects offset each other to keep the ESV relatively stable. The transition of E-space to P-space had the greatest impact on the reduction in ESV, whose contribution rate was 82.76%. The dynamic changes in land use function and ESV corresponding to the different stages of the Three Gorges Project’s (TGP) construction reveals the important driving effect of human activities on ecosystem services. It reminds us that humans should not forget to protect the eco-environment when obtaining services from the ecosystem.
Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of a Probiotics and Natural Extract-Based Formulation in Bacterial-Induced Prostatitis
Authors: Murzilli Stefania , Mirone Vincenzo , Micheletto Marta , Tedesco Erik , Maira Giovanni Di , Benetti Federico , Vanelli Arianna
Published: February 2023

Among the many factors inducing prostate inflammation, bacterial contribution is potentially underrated according to the scientific community. Bacterial prostatitis is characterized by modifications of the prostatic microenvironment, mainly driven by the immune system. Macrophages play a major role in bacterial prostatitis, secreting a plethora of proinflammatory and chemoattractive cytokines and proteolytic enzymes able to degrade the ECM, so facilitating the invasion of other immune cells. Consequently, macrophages represent a link between bacterial infection and prostate inflammation, as well as being the main target of prostate anti-inflammatory drugs and dietary supplements. This study aims to investigate the effect of a formulation composed of active principles and a probiotic strain with a particular focus on the anti-inflammatory effect in an in vitro bacterial prostatitis model. The results obtained showed that the formulation reduces the inflammatory response of prostatic epithelium induced by bacterial infection. This effect is mediated by the modulation of activated macrophages. Analysis of the cytokines released highlights that the tested formulation is able to reduce the expression of key proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of prostate diseases, in particular prostate cancer, and represents a valuable tool to prevent bacterial prostatitis and ensure favorable prostate health.
Divergence between Hemichannel and Gap Junction Permeabilities of Connexin 30 and 26
Authors: Xu Ji , Nicholson Bruce J.
Published: February 2023

Cx30 has been proposed to play physiological functions in the kidney and cochlea, and this has often been associated with its hemichannel role (deafness mutants frequently affecting hemichannels more than gap junctions), implicated in ATP release. Here, we used heterologous expression systems (Xenopus oocytes and N2A cells) to describe the properties of Cx30 hemichannels, with the objective of better understanding their physiological functions. As previously observed, Cx30 hemichannels gated in response to transmembrane voltage (V0) and extracellular [Ca2+] (pK[Ca2+] of 1.9 μM in the absence of Mg++). They show minimal charge selectivity with respect to small ions (ratio of Na+: K+: Cl− of 1: 0.4: 0.6) and an MW cut-off for Alexa Dyes between 643 (Alex 488) and 820 Da (Alexa 594). However, while cations follow the expected drop in conductance with size (Na+ to TEA+ is 1: 0.3), anions showed an increase, with a ratio of Cl− to gluconate conductance of 1:1.4, suggesting favorable interactions between larger anions and the pore. This was further explored by comparing the permeabilities of both hemichannels and gap junctions to the natural anion (ATP), the release of which has been implicated in Ca++ signaling through hemichannels. We extended this analysis to two closely related connexins co-expressed in the cochlear, Cx26 and Cx30. Cx30 and 26 hemichannels displayed similar permeabilities to ATP, but surprisingly Cx26 gap junctions were six times more permeable than their hemichannels and four times more permeable than Cx30 gap junctions. This suggests a significant physiological difference in the functions of Cx26 and Cx30 gap junctions in organs where they are co-expressed, at least with regard to the distribution of energy resources of the cells. It also demonstrates that the permeability characteristics of hemichannels can significantly diverge from that of their gap junctions for some connexins but not others.
Allophylus africanus Stem Bark Extract Modulates the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in Human Stomach Cancer Cells
Authors: Ribeiro Vera , Ferreres Federico , Oliveira Andreia , Gomes Nelson G. M. , Gil-Izquierdo Ángel , Araújo Luísa , Pereira David , Valentão Patrícia
Published: February 2023

The present work aimed to detail the mechanisms elicited by Allophylus africanus P. Beauv. stem bark extract in human stomach cancer cells and to identify the bioactives underlying the cytotoxicity. MTT reduction and LDH leakage assays allowed characterizing the cytotoxic effects in AGS cells, which were further detailed by morphological analysis using phalloidin and Hoechst 33258. Proapoptotic mechanisms were elucidated through a mitochondrial membrane potential assay and by assessing the impact upon the activity of caspase-9 and -3. The extract displayed selective cytotoxicity against AGS cells. The absence of plasma membrane permeabilization, along with apoptotic body formation, suggested that pro-apoptotic effects triggered cell death. Intrinsic apoptosis pathway activation was verified, as mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and activation of caspase-9 and -3 were observed. HPLC-DAD profiling enabled the identification of two apigenin-di-C-glycosides, vicenin-2 (1) and apigenin-6-C-hexoside-8-C-pentoside (3), as well as three mono-C-glycosides-O-glycosylated derivatives, apigenin-7-O-hexoside-8-C-hexoside (2), apigenin-8-C-(2-rhamnosyl)hexoside (4) and apigenin-6-C-(2-rhamnosyl)hexoside (5). Isovitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside (5) is the main constituent, accounting for nearly 40% of the total quantifiable flavonoid content. Our results allowed us to establish the relationship between the presence of vicenin-2 and other apigenin derivatives with the contribution to the cytotoxic effects on the presented AGS cells. Our findings attest the anticancer potential of A. africanus stem bark against gastric adenocarcinoma, calling for studies to develop herbal-based products and/or the use of apigenin derivatives in chemotherapeutic drug development.
Determination of Abraham Model Solute Descriptors for 62 Additional C10 through C13 Methyl- and Ethyl-Branched Alkanes
Authors: Motati Ramya , Acree William E.
Published: February 2023

Abraham model solute descriptors are reported for the first time for 62 additional C10 through C13 methyl- and ethyl-branched alkanes. The numerical values were determined using published gas chromatographic retention Kováts retention indices for 157 alkane solutes eluted from a squalane stationary phase column. The 95 alkane solutes that have known descriptor values were used to construct the Abraham model KRI versus L-solute descriptor correlation needed in our calculations. The calculated solute descriptors can be used in conjunction with previously published Abraham model correlations to predict a wide range of important physico-chemical and biological properties. The predictive computations are illustrated by estimating the air-to-polydimethylsiloxane partition coefficient for each of the 157 alkane solutes.
Crystal Structure of 2-[(1E)-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)diazenyl]-1H-imidazole
Authors: Gelbrich Thomas , Wurst Klaus , Mayer Paul , Schottenberger Herwig , Nerdinger Sven
Published: February 2023

The molecule of the title compound adopts a twisted geometry with a rotation of approximately 30° between the mean planes of the imidazole and phenyl rings. The crystal structure displays hydrogen bonded chains as a result of N–H···N interactions between the imidazole rings of neighboring molecules. These H-bonded chains are assembled into flat molecular layers parallel to the (121) plane. Two intermolecular interactions, involving inversion-related molecules belonging to adjacent molecular layers, contribute significantly to the stabilization of the crystal.
Asphaltene-Stabilized Polyisobutylene Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives for Ultraviolet Protection and Surface Bonding
Authors: Melekhina Viktoria Y. , Kostyuk Anna V. , Smirnova Nina M. , Ilyin Sergey O.
Published: February 2023

The usual way to protect indoor areas from solar UV radiation is to use UV-absorbing materials, which are applied as a thin film on the surface of the windowpane. Asphaltenes are useless wastes from crude oil refining that absorb UV radiation well, which gave the idea of their use in protective coatings. Pressure-sensitive adhesives based on polyisobutylene containing from 5 to 30 wt% of asphaltenes were obtained. Deterioration of the adhesive properties with the introduction of 5–20 wt% of asphaltenes was shown by adhesion tests, which can be associated with the plasticization of the polymer matrix. At the same time, the use of 30 wt% of asphaltenes leads to the polymer matrix reinforcement with the restoration of adhesive properties to the original level or even slightly higher. The rheological study of adhesives at 25 °C and 120 °C showed the structural network formation by asphaltenes at a content of 30 wt%, explaining the increase in adhesion performance. According to microscopy, asphaltenes are flat brown glass shards in a polymer matrix. They absorb electromagnetic radiation, predominantly in the UV range, while maintaining relative translucency in the visible range. This makes it possible to obtain thin films from the asphaltene-filled adhesive for bonding glass sheets to produce UV-blocked and tinted windowpanes.
Phase Stability of Dross Particles in Hot-Dip Zn-55wt%Al-1.6wt%Si Galvanizing Bath
Authors: Qu Dongdong , Gear Matthew , Gu Qinfen , Setargew Nega , Renshaw Wayne , McDonald Stuart , StJohn David , Nogita Kazuhiro
Published: February 2023

Dross in a Zn-55wt%Al-1.6wt%Si metal coating bath is a mixture of bath metal and the quaternary intermetallic phase τ5c-Al20Fe5Si2(+Zn). Understanding the properties and formation of dross in a hot-dip Al-Zn galvanizing bath at the processing temperature (~600 °C) is critical for improving the production quality of steel sheet coating. However, dross analysis is usually conducted at room temperature with dross samples taken from the hot-dip bath and it is not known how representative these samples are of the phase(s) existing at high temperature. Using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), the crystal lattice and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the intermetallic phase have been determined in the temperature range of 30 °C to 660 °C. Phase formation and phase stability of the intermetallic phase in the dross powder have been determined, providing fundamental knowledge for optimizing the production and quality of steel sheet coating.
Green Chemistry for Crosslinking Biopolymers: Recent Advances in Riboflavin-Mediated Photochemistry
Authors: Lee Yoon Bok , Lim Saebin , Lee Yerin , Park Chan Ho , Lee Hyun Jong
Published: February 2023

Riboflavin (RF), which is also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin. RF is a nontoxic and biocompatible natural substance. It absorbs light (at wavelengths of 380 and 450 nm) in the presence of oxygen to form reactive singlet oxygen (1O2). The generated singlet oxygen acts as a photoinitiator to induce the oxidation of biomolecules, such as amino acids, proteins, and nucleotides, or to initiate chemical reactions, such as the thiol-ene reaction and crosslinking of tyramine and furfuryl groups. In this review, we focus on the chemical mechanism and utilization of the photochemistry of RF, such as protein crosslinking and hydrogel formation. Currently, the crosslinking method using RF as a photoinitiator is actively employed in ophthalmic clinics. However, a significant broadening is expected in its range of applications, such as in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Implants Placed in Two Different Biomaterials Used for Maxillary Sinus Augmentation
Authors: Correia Francisco , Gouveia Sónia Alexandre , Pozza Daniel Humberto , Felino António Campos , Faria-Almeida Ricardo
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to compare marginal bone loss, surgical and clinical complications, and dental implant survival rate in bilateral maxillary sinus augmented by autologous or porcine xenograft. A randomized controlled clinical trial using split-mouth design enrolled 12 consent adult patients (59.7 ± 8.7 years), who received bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation for oral rehabilitation with implant-supported prosthesis. Each patient received both the autologous bone from the mandible (control) or porcine xenograft (test) during the random bilateral sinus lift surgery. A total of 39 dental implants were placed in the posterior maxilla of the 12 patients after 6 months, being rehabilitated after the respective osseointegration period. Both graft materials demonstrated a high implant survival rate at 12 months: 95% for the xenograft side, only 1 implant without osseointegration, and 100% for the autologous side. Radiographic bone loss was low and similar for both groups: control group with a mean of 0.063 ± 0.126, and test group with a mean of 0.092 ± 0.163. No major surgical-related complications have occurred. Only one patient had several prosthetic complications due to fractures of prosthetic components. The maxillary sinus augmentation procedure, both with autologous bone and porcine xenograft materials, is an excellent clinical option procedure for the prosthetic rehabilitation of atrophic maxillae, with low marginal bone loss after one year follow-up, few clinical complications, and a high implant survival rate.