bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment group of pathological gambling / Tratamiento grupal de la ludopatía. Una experiencia desde el Centro de Día ARTIC
Authors: Valdés Torres Raquel
Published: November 2017

Desde que se legalizara el juego en 1977 ha aumentado la demanda de tratamiento por este trastorno. Dados los buenos resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de otras conductas adictivas por la terapia de grupo, desde el Centro de Día ARTIC y ante la demanda de casos, intentamos aplicar este tipo de terapia junto a intervenciones individuales y otras técnicas. La terapia de grupo que se está trabajando desde este centro es algo experimental y diseñado a partir de la idiosincrasia y necesidades específicas de los usuarios que acuden para recibir tratamiento. Queda pendiente valoración de resultados. AbstractSince the pathological game was legalized in 1977 it has increased the demand of treatment for this dysfunction. Due the good results obtained in the treatment give other addictive behaviours for the therapy of group, from the Day Center ARTIC and before the demand of cases, we try to apply this type of therapy next to individual interventions and other techniques. The Group therapy gives that one is working from this center it is something experimental and sketch starting from the idiosyncrasy and specific necessities the users that go to receive treatment gives. It is pending valuation of results.
Full number: Volume 4, Number 2 / Número completo: Volumen 4, Número 2
Authors: De diciembre de 2004. Número completo
Published: November 2017

Full number: Volume 4, Number 2 / Número completo: Volumen 4, Número 2.
Socio-laboural integration theoretical/practical addresing in addiction / Abordaje teórico/práctico de la integración sociolaboral en adicciones. De las acciones formativas experimentales a la consolidación del servicio de integración sociolaboral
Authors: López y Segarra José Francisco
Published: November 2017

En la integración sociolaboral se han iniciado importantes y novedosos marcos de actuación, haciendo frente no sólo al desempleo sino al mantenimiento del puesto de trabajo. La respuesta a las adicciones se tiene que traducir en la creación de servicios que den soluciones, y con la experiencia, hemos concluido que en cuestión de integración, tenemos que afrontar diferentes facetas. Esto nos ha llevado a desarrollar determinados proyectos, partiendo del AFE (Acciones Formativas Experimentales) y llegando a consolidar el SIL (Servicio de Integración Sociolaboral), para llevar a cabo las acciones establecidas de información, orientación, formación, mediación e incorporación. Todo ello para lograr unos objetivos que hemos definido partiendo de la base que lo principal es desarrollar un tratamiento específico que se adecue a las necesidades de cada paciente. Todos estos servicios asistenciales con funcionamiento independiente y autónomo, como itinerarios micromodulares, constituyen un “marco de actuación integral en el tratamiento de adicciones”. AbstractIn socio-labour integration, new and important action frames have been developed, facing not only unemployment but also the keeping of the job. The answer to addictions must be translated into the creation of services which give solutions, and with experience, we have concluded that in matter of integration, we have to face different aspects. This leads us to develop certain projects, from AFE (Experimental Formative Actions) on, and going so far as consolidating the SIL (Socio-labour Integration Service), to carry out the actions of information, orientation, formation, mediation and incorporation. Everything in order to achieve the goals that we have defined from the idea that the most important thing is to develop a specific treatment which adapts to the needs of each patient. All theses assistance services, independent and autonomous, as the micro-modular itineraries, constitute an “integral action frame in addictions treatment”.
Comparative study of selfsteem and social skills in addicts inpatients in a Therapeutic Community / Estudio comparativo de autoestima y habilidades sociales en pacientes adictos de una comunidad terapéutica
Authors: Cattan Alejandra
Published: November 2017

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir, analizar y comparar la autoestima y las habilidades sociales de un grupo de jóvenes, entre 17 y 24 años de edad, consumidores de drogas que se encuentran realizando tratamiento en la comunidad terapéutica Aylén (Argentina). Es una investigación de tipo descriptiva comparativa, con un diseño de diferencias entre grupos (G1, grupo de admisión) y (G2, grupo de reinserción social). La muestra estuvo conformada por 54 sujetos (25 para grupo de admisión y 29 para el grupo de reinserción social). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el inventario de Autoestima de Barksdale y la Escala de Habilidades sociales de Goldstein, las cuales fueron adaptadas y validadas para ser aplicadas a la población de estudio. Asimismo, a partir de los procedimientos de validación de estos instrumentos se propusieron para cada uno, nuevos agrupamientos de factores. Los resultados mostraron, bajos niveles de autoestima para ambos grupos y entre niveles bajos y normales de habilidades sociales en cada una de las categorías componentes y el total. Finalmente, no se confirmaron las hipótesis de diferencias significativas en los niveles de autoestima y los niveles de habilidades sociales entre los jóvenes en etapa de admisión y los jóvenes en etapa de reinserción social. AbstractThe objective of the present investigation is to analyze and compare the socials skills and the self-esteem of a group of juveniles between the ages of 17 and 24 years, drug addicts, both under medical treatment in a Community center in Argentina. This is a comparative-descriptive study, with the design of two groups: G1 for admission group and G2 for the reinsertion group. The sample was made of a group of 56 people, 25 for the admission group and 29 for the social reinsertion group. The instruments used were the Goldstein Social Skills Scale and the Self-Esteem Inventory from Barksdale, that were adapted for the use in such case. Also for the use of such instruments, new validation measures were implemented in the selection of the variables. The results showed low levels of self esteem for both groups and between low and normal levels of social skills in each category. Finally, no important differences were founded in the levels of self esteem between the admission group and the social reinsertion period for the juveniles.
Editorial: Gender, drugs and future / Género, drogas y futuro
Authors: García del Castillo José A.
Published: November 2017

Sabemos sobradamente que la ciencia avanza despacio, porque desde que se afronta un problema hasta que se llega a concluir algo relevante pueden pasar décadas. En el estudio del comportamiento humano tenemos algunos problemas añadidos, entre otros, la variable tiempo que ejerce una influencia potente en los diseños y hace que se tengan que añadir, variar y/o excluir hipótesis previas que se entendían como potenciadores de una conducta y que han generado un cambio con el paso del tiempo. Por ello desde que se apuntan soluciones posibles a un problema social hasta que se ejecutan o comprueban, puede ocurrir que hayan cambiado las condiciones previas y el problema sea objeto de transformación. No obstante, los avances que hemos experimentado en cuanto a los estudios de género y su relación con el fenómeno de las drogas no se han desgastado, ni tampoco han experimentado cambios sustanciales desde los primeros planteamientos, hecho este, que permite centrar la cuestión en los puntos de partida con meridiana comodidad.
Gender differences in addiction and therapeutic implications / Diferencias de género en la adicción e implicaciones terapéuticas
Authors: Blanco Zamora Pilar , Sirvent Ruiz Carlos , Palacios Ajuria Leandro
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias de género en el consumo de sustancias legales, como son el alcohol y el tabaco, en la adolescencia.La muestra, recogida en cinco centros de educación secundaria, estuvo compuesta por 352 adolescentes de ambos sexos. Los resultados mostraron que el patrón de consumo de este tipo de sustancias ha cambiado ya que, mientras hace décadas prácticamente sólo los hombres eran consumidores, actualmente no parecen encontrarse diferencias estadísticamente significativas en este tipo de comportamientos en función del género. Este fenómeno está en consonancia con la denominada fase 3 que apuntan López, Collishaw y Piha (1994) para explicar teóricamente la dinámica del tabaquismo en países desarrollados. Se recomienda seguir en esta línea de investigación de cara a la puesta en marcha de programas de intervención más eficaces.  Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze gender differences in the use of legal substances as alcohol and tobacco in adolescence. The sample, collected in five centers of secondary education, was composed by 352 adolescents of both sexes. The results showed that the profile of using this type of substances has changed.Decades ago it seemed that only men consumed these substances. At the moment not significant statistical differences have been found between both sexes in this type of behaviours. This fact is in harmony with the phase 3 enunciated by Lopez, Collishaw and Piha (1994), who explain theoretically the dynamic of the addiction to tobacco in the developmental countries. It is recommended to continue in this line of research with the purpose of developing more effective programs of intervention.
Acohol abuse and domestic violence from a gender perspective / Abuso de alcohol y violencia doméstica desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Altell Albajes Gemma , Plaza Aleu Monserrat
Published: November 2017

Este artículo pretende relacionar abuso de alcohol y violencia doméstica desde una perspectiva psicosocial centrada en el género. Esta perspectiva afecta a todos los ámbitos sociales, convirtiéndose en un eje transversal de muchas otras problemáticas como las drogodependencias. Tienden a atribuirse a los hombres roles más agresivos y violentos que a las mujeres. El género es una construcción social que debería desaparecer en aquellos contextos donde tenga una función discriminatoria. Las mujeres se siguen incorporando al consumo de drogas de forma masiva existiendo diferencias en actitudes, comportamientos y percepción social del consumo de hombres y mujeres. Suele producirse un sesgo en función del género al abordar el tema del alcoholismo. El alcohol puede actuar como eximente en el hombre o como agravante en la víctima victimizándola doblemente. Por tanto en cualquier intento de intervención con ambas problemáticas concomitantes hay que analizar los juicios previos respecto al género. AbstractThis article intends to establish a relationship between drug abuse and family violence from a psychosocial viewpoint, focussing on gender. This point of view affects all social areas, becoming a common issue in other social problems such as drug dependence. Men are often attributed more aggressive and violent roles than women. Gender is a social construction that should disappear in contexts in which it has a discrimination function. Women keep on starting using drugs massively. However, there are differences in attitudes, behaviours and social perception about consumption in men and women. The issue of alcoholism is often approached in a biased way, focussing on gender. Alcohol can be seen as an excuse in men or as an aggravating fact in the victim, thus causing a double victimisation. Therefore, in any attempt of intervention with both concomitant problems, previous judgements about gender should be revised.
The social representations of the alcoholism and drug addiction in Portuguese workplace / Representaçöes sociais do alcoolismo e toxicodependência no meio laboral português
Authors: Gouveia Pereira Orlindo , Ribeiro Pires Jorge
Published: November 2017

The present study aims to evaluate how social representations, areinstrumental to evaluate the proneness to act of enterprises, employer’s and worker’s organizations, decision-makers against the abuse and dependence of alcohol and drugs in the workplace, in Portugal, in 2003.Both, the present and the previous studies (for the European Commission and the International Labour Offi ce, in 1993) adopted a strategic research design in witch representatives of the three above mentioned types of organizations were interviewed and answered similar questionnaires, and about social representations used a specifi c software developed by Pierre Vergès.Social representations of alcoholism and drug adicton, in Portugal,in 2003, are to enterprises, employer’s and worker’s organizationsclose to each other. Common core words are disease, dependenceand degradation. Categorization showed the central semantic role of(person’s) degradation. The categorization connection of enterprisesand worker’s organization are closer than the one of the employer’sorganizations. The semantic network is, in all cases more complex for alcohol than it is for drugs.It turns out that, in general, a decade of strategic studies, in Portugal, discloses an inhibition to act by the most responsible intervenient in the workplace in contrast to their own evaluation of the seriousness of the problem. Why this trend continues unchanged is out of the reach of the present empirical studies.
An historical review among cannabis use and its regulation / Una revisión histórica sobre los usos del cannabis y su regulación
Authors: Candela García Eva , Espada Sánchez José Pedro
Published: November 2017

En este trabajo se realiza una síntesis histórica sobre los usos del cannabis en las distintas civilizaciones, distinguiendo entre la utilización con fines lúdicos, mágicos, y terapéuticos. Se revisa la evolución del control legal que los distintos gobiernos han llevado a cabo para limitar o regular su uso. Las tasas de consumode cannabis han experimentado un notable incremento en las últimas décadas, iniciándose cada vez a edad más temprana. Este hecho, unido al descubrimiento del sistema endógeno cannabinoide ha despertado gran interés en el debate sobre los usos terapéuticos del cannabis y la controversia sobre su estatus de droga ilegal. La presente revisión teórica realiza un análisis de los diferentes usos deesta sustancia a través de la historia. Se analiza la evolución en los patrones de consumo, fi nalidad de su uso y legislación, discutiéndose las implicaciones en el caso concreto de España. Abstract In this work a historic synthesis among cannabis use in the differentcivilizations is carried out, distinguishing among the utilization with magical, playful, and therapeutic purposes. The evolution of the legal dispositions that the different governments have carried out to limit or to regulate its use is revised.The rates of cannabis consumption have experienced a notable increment in the last decades, being initiated each time to earlier age. This fact, united al discovery of the endogenous cannabinoide system has stirred out a great interest in the debate on the therapeutic uses of the cannabis and the controversy on its status of illegal drug. The present theoretical revision carries out an analysis of the different uses of this substance through the history. The evolution in the trends of consumption is analyzed, purposes of its use and legislation, discussing the implications in the concrete case of Spain.
Does a relationship exist between substance abuse and marital separation? Analysis of the perceived main reason / ¿Existe relación entre el abuso de drogas y la ruptura de pareja? Análisis de la percepción de ambos cónyuges sobre las causas (...)
Authors: Orgilés Mireia , Piñero Jessica
Published: November 2017

Desde que se aprobó la Ley del Divorcio en España, el número deseparaciones y divorcios ha aumentado de forma considerable. Una de las causas de la ruptura es el abuso de alcohol o el consumo de drogas ilegales por parte de uno de los miembros de la pareja. El objetivo del estudio es examinar la relación entre dichas conductas adictivas y las rupturas conyugales en una muestra de 50 parejas, utilizando para ello una entrevista semiestructurada que se aplicó a ambos cónyuges por separado. De los resultados del estudio se desprende la falta de acuerdo entre los dos miembros de la pareja a la hora de definir las razones de la ruptura, así como la percepción de las mujeres de una mayor prevalencia de conductas adictivas en el cónyuge que los varones. Se discuten las implicaciones de los hallazgos.  Abstract Since the Law of Divorce in Spain was approved, the number ofseparations and divorces has increased considerably. One of the causes of the marital rupture is the alcohol abuse or the illegal substances consumption of one of the members of the couple. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between these addictive behaviours and divorces in a sample of 50 couples, using a semistructured interview that was applied to both spouses separately. The results of the study show the lack of agreement between members of the couple for defining the reasons of the rupture, as well as the women perception of a greater prevalence of addictive behaviours among their partner than men. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Training in drug-addiction within the doctorate curriculum in Health Science / La formación en materia de drogodependencias en los programas de tercer ciclo en ciencias de la salud
Authors: Lloret Daniel , Gázquez Pertusa Mónica , García del Castillo José A.
Published: November 2017

Los autores analizan y describen la formación en drogodependenciasen los actuales programas de doctorado adscritos a las facultades deCiencias de la Salud de las universidades españolas. Para ello se han revisado 400 planes de estudio correspondientes a los programas de doctorado ofertados por departamentos de Ciencias de la salud, entre los que se han identificado 51programas que incluyen asignaturas con créditos en materia de drogodependencias. El análisis pormenorizado de estas asignaturas informa que la carga docente en drogodependencias recae principalmente sobre el periodo investigador (57%), con trabajos de investigación tutelados. Se considera la distribución por Comunidades Autónomas y la media de créditos por asignatura, entre otras variables. También se revisan las tesis doctorales defendidas entre los años 2000-2003.  Abstract This paper analyzes and describes the formation in drug-addiction inthe current doctorate programs offered by the Health Sciences Faculties of Spanish universities. 400 curriculum corresponding to the doctorate programs offered by departments of Health Sciences have been checked, among which 51 curriculum have been identified for including subjects devoted to drug-addiction.A detailed analysis of these subjects informs that the educationalweight on drug-addiction is principally balanced on the investigativeperiod (57 %), with guided researches. Geographical distribution by Autonomous Communities and credit average by subject is also considered among other variables. Also the doctoral thesis between the years 2000-2003 are checked.
Evolution of the organizational model of social entities for labor insertion / Evolución del modelo organizativo de las entidades de acción social para la inserción laboral
Authors: De Pablo López Isidro , Pizarro Escribano Francisco
Published: November 2017

El contexto en que se realiza la inserción laboral de personas en riesgo de exclusión ha sufrido cambios sustanciales en los últimos veinte años. Estas circunstancias han condicionado tanto las necesidades como las oportunidades de las entidades de acción social, que no siempre han sido capaces de llevar a cabo las transformaciones necesarias para ello. Basados en los fundamentos de la Economía Pública, la Economía Social, la Ciencia Política, y la Sociología, este trabajo aporta la perspectiva de la Economía de la Empresa y de la Teoría de la Organización al proceso innovador desarrollado por los emprendedores sociales en su búsqueda de nuevas fórmulas organizativas para conseguir la integración social de las personas en riesgo de exclusión. Este proceso innovador ya ha producido interesantes resultados en la forma de Empresas Sociales y Empresas de Inserción Social que responden simultáneamente a objetivos sociales y económicos.  Abstract The context for the professional insertion of people under socialexclusion risk has undertaken substantial changes during the lasttwenty years. These circumstances have strongly conditioned both the needs and the opportunities of social entities, which not always have been capable to carry out the necessary transformations. Based on the foundations from the Public Economy, the Social Economy, Political Science and Sociology this paper brings in the perspective of Business Economy and Organisation Theory to the innovation process carried out by social entrepreneurs seeking new organisational formulae to approach the therapeutical treatment and the social integration of excluded people. This innovation process has produced some effective outcomes such as the Social Enterprise, and the Social Insertion Enterprise, each of them responding to different therapeutical, social and economic purposes.
Social responsibility in the third sector / La responsabilidad social en el tercer sector
Authors: Pradini Javier , Sánchez Eduardo
Published: November 2017

El nuevo modelo de sociedad basado en la responsabilidad compartida entre los diversos agentes que la conforman se muestra como único modo de hacer frente a los retos a los que la sociedad global se enfrenta.A partir de esta responsabilidad compartida entidades de diversossectores empiezan a trabajar conjuntamente para hacer frente a estos retos, concibiéndose las organizaciones como agentes promotoras del cambio. El Tercer Sector se incorpora a la responsabilidad social desde un modelo propio de entender la economía y la participación. Incorporamos la ética de nuestras misiones y apostamos por un modelo que se basa en vincular todas nuestras acciones al objetivo de la organización, poner la centralidad en cubrir las necesidades de las personas, en ser transparentes y transmitir valores adecuados, estar comprometidos con el medio ambiente e involucrarnos con el entorno.  AbstractNowadays the society is based in the shared responsability and thisis the only way odf doing it for a globalized world. The entities from different sectors have assumed this responsability and they are starting network as the possibility to promote change. The third sector is using the social responsability as its way of acting and understanding economics and participation. We are including ethics in our mission and promoting a model based in the the linking of our actions with the organisation objective, focusing on the person necessities, being transparent and tranasmiting values, being involved with the enviroment.
Sociolaboral integration of substance abusers. Premises of intervention / La integración sociolaboral de drogodependientes. Premisas de intervención
Authors: Rodríguez Álvarez Manuel
Published: November 2017

Trabajar en clave social, de inserción, supone contemplar la personaen su integridad, potenciar su desarrollo armónico, primar no sólo laabstinencia, sino la mejora continua en aspectos clave de su vida, tanto en lo relativo al empleo, como en su capacidad de participación, de ampliar su red de relaciones sociales, relaciones más normalizadas fuera del contexto del consumo, e incrementar sus recursos psicológicos, para facilitar procesos de autonomía personal. La inserción debe comenzar desde el instante en que la persona inicia el proceso de cambio, sin perjuicio de que aspectos como la intermediación laboral, se aborden una vez fi nalizado el programa terapéutico. El cómo la sociedad acoja al excluido, va a condicionar que se facilite su integración, o por el contrario, su exclusión se convierta en crónica. Además de diseñar procesosindividualizados de integración, es necesario trabajar para construir una sociedad más integradora.  Abstract Working in the social area, in the inclusion, means focusing on theperson, promoting an armonic developement, not only promotingabstinence but the continuous improvement about key aspects of her life, related to employment, participation capacity, social support, healthy relations, psychological resources,... Every intervention has an unique objective: helping the personal autonomy. When the person begins the deshabituation process the Sociolabour itinerary has to begun as well, although some aspects like laboral mediation will be delayed until the end of the therapeutical programme. How the society includes excludedpeople, is going to facilitate the integration process or, on the oppossite side, will turn it into in a permenent exclusion situation. Appart from the design of integration individualized process we have to work as well for the construction of a new society model, a more inclusive society.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of an intervention program. A neuropsychological evaluation of the executive function in substance dependent patients / Evaluación de la eficacia de un programa de intervención. Evaluación neuropsicológica (...)
Authors: Dante Gómez Carlos
Published: November 2017

La implementación de un sistema de evaluación de los programas de intervención en drogodependencias es una necesidad de toda gestión institucional abocada a dicha problemática. La evaluación sistemática posibilita el fortalecimiento y la especialización permanente de los recursos humanos, para ofrecer una mejor calidad de atención de acuerdo al perfil y necesidades de cada paciente. Debido a que se presentan dificultades para medir objetivamente la eficacia de un tratamiento de asistencia en comunidad terapéutica, se ofrece un método válido basado en elparadigma integrador de la neuropsicología. La metodología propuesta consiste en la estimación del rendimiento neurocognitivo de pacientes drogodependientes, que será actualizada en intervalos que dependerán de los tiempos necesarios para conseguir resultados observables; por ejemplo, en distintas etapas del dispositivo asistencial (Admisión: pretest y Reinserción Social: postest). A tal fin se propone la elaboración del perfil neuropsicológico de las funciones de atención, memoria, gnosias, praxias, lenguaje, emoción y funciones ejecutivas (planificación, flexibilidad cognitiva, memoria de trabajo, atención selectiva, inhibición de respuesta,toma de decisiones y teoría de la mente). La distancia entre las puntuaciones obtenidas en el pretest y en el postest arrojaría un índice de la eficacia del programa terapéutico. AbstractThe implementation of an evaluation system for drug-user’s treatment programs is a necessity for all institutional managements dealing with this problem. A systematic evaluation allows the strengthening and the permanent specialization of human resources in order to offer an improved attention according to the profile and necessities of each patient. Due to difficulties appear when trying to measure objectively the effectiveness of treatment in community therapy, a valid method based on the integrating paradigm of neuropsychology is offered. The proposed methodology consists on estimating the neurocognitive profile of substance dependent patients, that will be updated at intervals and will depend on the time necessary to obtain observable results; for example, in different stages of the assisted mechanisms (Admission: pretest and Social Reintegration: posttest). To obtain our objective the neuropsychological profile of the functions of attention span, memory, gnosis, praxis, language, emotion, and executive functions (planning, decision making, inhibitions, working memory, selective attention, theory of mind and cognitive flexibility) will be measured in each patient according to standardized test application. The variation between the scores obtained in the pretest and the posttest would give an indication of the effectiveness of the therapeutic program.
Anthropological aspects of alcoholic drinks consumption in the Mediterranean culture / Aspectos antropológicos del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en las culturas mediterráneas
Authors: Pascual Pastor Francisco
Published: November 2017

El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas se ha convertido a lo largo de los siglos en un hecho cotidiano, con distintas implicaciones y motivaciones, se ha utilizado como alimento, medicamento o en el rituales mágico religiosos de distintas culturas.Pero también es verdad que los abusos del mismo han producido una serie de complicaciones tanto en la salud física como psicológica de aquellos que han utilizado el etanol de forma desproporcionada.Pero desde el efecto relajante – desinhibidor a la implicación económica y sus múltiples consecuencia ha provocado que aparezcan una serie de ambivalencias, unas proclives al consumo otras proclives a la restricción del mismo.Sea como fuere, tanto en España, como en los distintos países de las culturas mediterráneas y ahora por extensión en otros países de Europa el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y todo lo que ello comporta ha condicionado poderosamente los estilos y formas de vivir.El uso cotidiano, el consumo de fin de semana y los atracones estánpresentes e incluso las edades de inicio van disminuyendo y las cantidades consumidas se van incrementando, obviando en gran manera las consecuencias negativas de los consumos abusivos.Cultura, tradición y forma de ser conforman un estilo de vida en el que las bebidas alcohólicas están omnipresentes.La última consideración es la necesidad de regular la oferta y lademanda sobre todo entre los jóvenes. AbstractThe alcoholic beverages consumption has become across the centuries in a daily fact, with different implications and motivations, it has been used as well as food and medicine in magical and religious rituals in different cultures.But alcohol abuse has produced a lot of physical, social and psychological complications in drinkers too.Multiple consequences and ambivalences appear caused by relaxingand economical effects. The ambivalences have favoured both the consumption and the restriction.Anyway, in Spain and in other Mediterranean and European countries, alcoholic drinks have determined styles and forms of life.The usual consumption, the weekend use and abuse and the bingedrinking are present in youngsters. The starting age is decreasing and the consumption is increasing. The abuse negative consequences have been avoided.Culture, tradition and way of being conform a special life style where the spirits are omnipresent.The last consideration, it is necessary to regulate the offer and demand of spirits mainly between young people.
Profile of a group of Spanish-speaking self-changers from northern Spain and southern Florida (USA) / Perfil de un grupo de autocambiadores hispanohablantes del Norte de España y del Sur de Florida (EEUU)
Authors: Carballo José Luis , Fernández-Hermida José Ramón
Published: November 2017

Los que abandonan o reducen el consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar en población hispanohablante, los procesos, las circunstancias y las características que explican cómo y porqué los adictos a sustancias (alcohol y otras drogas) se recuperan sin solicitar ayuda profesional. Utilizando fundamentalmente anuncios de prensa, se reclutaron 54 autocambiadores hispanohablantes que llevabanal menos 1 año recuperados, de los cuales 29 fueron reclutados en España y 25 en el Sur de Florida (EEUU). A todos ellos se les evaluó en una única sesión en aspectos relacionados con la adicción y la recuperación.Los resultados mostraron que el autocambiador hispanohablante es fundamentalmente un varón de mediana edad, que ha tenido problemas en el pasado con el alcohol y que ha abandonado el consumo por razones de salud, sin acudir a tratamiento por no considerar su problema de gravedad. El perfil encontrado en este estudio de los participantes hispanohablantes es muy similar al encontrado en estudios previos con población no hispanohablante. Abstract Natural recovery has shown itself to be the most common form of recovery among those who give up or reduce the use of alcohol and other substances. The goal of the present work was to analyze in Spanish-speaking population the processes, circumstances and characteristics that explain how and why addicts to substances (alcohol and other drugs) recover without seeking professional help. Using mainly press advertisements, we recruited 54 Spanish-speaking self-changers who had recovered at least 1 year previously, 29 from Spain and 25 from southern Florida (USA). All participants were assessed in a single session on aspects related to addiction and recovery. The results showed that the Spanish-speaking self-changer is basically a middle-aged male, who has had problems in the past with alcohol and who has given it up for health reasons, without seeking treatment since he does not consider it a serious problem. The profile found in this study with Spanish-speaking participants is very similar to that found in previous studies with non-Spanish-speaking populations.
When and why do Portuguese University Students start smoking: implications for prevention / Cuándo y por qué comienzan a fumar los estudiantes universitarios portugueses: implicaciones para la prevención
Authors: Precioso José , Macedo M.
Published: November 2017

The Portuguese National Health Surveys show that, contrarily to what happens in most developed countries, the Portuguese population in general starts smoking later than we were led to expect. These facts pose a question; to know if the same occurs with university students and if the transition from secondary to university favours regular smoking. To give an answer to this question, a survey took place at Minho University at the end of the school year 2002/2003. It consisted of the application of a questionnaire to a stratified sample constituted by 388 university students. The results show that although most of the students started smoking in secondary school (therefore in adolescence), a high percentage of students (about 30%), particularly female students (34%), started smoking at university. Contrarily to what happens in most developed countries, the Portuguese population in general and university students in particular start smoking later than it would have been expected.
Editorial: De la cultura del vino a la subcultura del botellón
Authors: García del Castillo José A.
Published: November 2017

Podríamos decir que, como siempre, algo estamos haciendo mal o estamos llegando tarde, en relación con la “droga reina” de nuestra cultura, el alcohol. Ya sé que no se trata de culpabilizarnos, ni de echar más leña al fuego para que ardan las estructuras de esta sociedad que nos alberga, pero debemos reconocer que todos y cada uno de nosotros tenemos una gran responsabilidad en la evolución de los acontecimientos sociales, en su desarrollo y en sus cambios. Sabemos positivamente que no basta con querer o desear las innovaciones, hace falta ser activistas para que puedan llegar a término y, sobre todo, al final que nos gustaría llegar.
Concurrent Predictors of Drug Use Consequences among U.S. and Russian Adolescents / Predictores concurrentes de las consecuencias del consumo de drogas en adolescentes estadounidenses y rusos
Authors: Sussman Steve , Gunning Melissa , Lisha Nadra E. , Rohrbach Louise A. , Kniazev Vadim , Masagutov Radik
Published: November 2017

Abstract We describe correlates of drug use-consequences related variables (addiction concern, problem consequences, and drinking alcohol/using drugs while driving) among two samples of high school students, one in the Russian Federation (n = 365), and one in the United States (n = 965). The correlates used in the analyses are based on the Theory of Triadic Influence, which organizes predictors of adolescent substance misuse into intrapersonal (e.g., depression), cultural/attitudinal (e.g., perceived harmfulness of drug use), and interpersonal (friend and family drug use) types of influence. We examined measures from each type of influence, along with drug use (cigarette and alcohol use) as correlates. Overall, correlates from each of the types of influence were significant predictors of substance use consequences variables in both samples. The most consistent predictors of consequences across countries were depression, perceived harmfulness of drug use, family substance abuser, friends' substance use, and last 30-day cigarette use. These results suggest that the Theory of Triadic Influence is relevant to both countries. We speculate that drug prevention efforts may share common features among some U.S. and Russian youth populations.
Protective factors and risk of alcohol consumption in students at the University of Huelva / Factores de protección y de riesgo del consumo de alcohol en alumnos de la Universidad de Huelva
Authors: Tirado Morueta Ramón , Aguaded Gómez José Ignacio , Marín Gutiérrez Isidro
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores protectores y factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos. Fueron medidos sobre la base de un estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado en el curso 2007-2008 en la Universidad de Huelva. Para el análisis de las relaciones entre variables se utilizó el test de chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Para identificar factores de riesgo y protectores se realizó un análisis de regresión logística binomial. Los resultados confirmaron la influencia del policonsumo como principal factor de riesgo, así como el sexo. De igual modo los “botellones”, según mostraron los resultados, pierden poder predictivo respecto al consumo habitual, siendo los hábitos de lectura, la afición por la música y la edad factores protectores de este tipo de consumo. Finalmente, un bajo consumode alcohol en el medio universitario, la asistencia frecuente a clasee inferiores niveles de consumo semanal de alcohol, se revelaron como factores protectores. AbsctractThe main aim of this study is to identify protective factors and risk factors linked to alcohol consumption in university students of both sexes. These factors were measured on the basis of a descriptive cross-sectional study developed in 2007-2008 at the University of Huelva. In order to analyze the relations among variables, we have used the chi-square test of Pearson. To identify risk and protective factors a binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted. The results confirm the influence of policonsumption and sex as the main risk factors. "Botellones" decrease predictive degree when compared with usual consumption. Reading habit, love of music and age behave as protective factors against drugs consumption. Finally, lower drinking degrees inside the college, higher frequency of attendance and lower weekly alcohol consumption, are protective factors.
Family expressed emotion and drug use in young / Emoción expresada familiar y uso de drogas en jóvenes
Authors: Becerra García Juan Antonio
Published: November 2017

La familia es el principal agente de riesgo y protección de uso de droga a edades tempranas, sobre todo el factor de clima emocional familiar. La emoción expresada (EE) es un concepto que refleja la atmósfera emocional del hogar. Los componentes específicos de la EE, crítica, hostilidad y sobreimplicación emocional, son predictores importantes de recaída en diferentes patologías y en el abuso de drogas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir la EE y examinar el papel del concepto en el uso de droga en jóvenes. En conclusión, la EE es una medida relevante, que necesita ser evaluada, en el uso de droga en jóvenes.Absctract The family is the main agent of risk and protection of drug use at younger ages, especially the family emocional climate factor. Expressed emotion (EE) is a concept reflecting the emotional atmosphere of the home environment. Specific components of EE, criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement, they are important predictors of relapse in different pathologies and drug abuse. The main aim of this work is to describe the EE and examine the role of the concept in drug use in young people. In conclusion, the EE is a relevant measure, which needs to be evaluated, in drug use at young ages.
Full number: Volume 10, Number 2 / Número completo: Volumen 10, Número 2
Authors: De diciembre de 2009. Número completo
Published: November 2017

Full number: Volume 10, Number 2 / Número completo: Volumen 10, Número 2.
Next Generation Pour Point Depressants Based on Novel Polymer Modifications
Authors: Scherf Sabine , Boddien Dr. Albert
Published: November 2017

Current logistics and pipeline infrastructure limitations make waxy crude oil transportation and production challenging and require a step change in the chemistry required to mitigate crude oil composition issues. For wax prevention, usually pour point depressants (PPD) or wax inhibitors are applied. A new approach makes use of special hydrophobe modification in typical polymer systems, which significantly broadens their applicability. Commonly known PPD polymer systems have been modified with special branched and linear heavy alcohols following standard synthesis protocols. Pour point depressants, mostly solvent-based polymer mixtures, are sometimes applied to crude oil production and transportation systems in extreme environments where the viscosity and pour point of the PPD itself is critical. The work presents especially the introduction of heavy alcohols in combination with 2-alkyl branched long-chain alcohols in polymer systems. The performance of these newly hydrophobically modified PPDs were compared with standard polymer systems using laboratory test procedures like pour point, temperature dependent viscosity or yield stress by using model oil samples. The performance studies showed that by introducing the 2-alkyl branching into the polymer system, the overall performance of such PPDs will be boosted and the pour point of the PPD itself will be decreased drastically. These hydrophobe-modified polymer systems enables the production of liquid and high active PPDs containing long alkyl chains for enhanced interaction with the high carbon number paraffin of the waxy crude oils.
A Review of Good Practices During the Cementation of Challenging Long Liners
Authors: Hussain Al Mohammed Bader , Bottiglieri Antonio , Brandl Andreas
Published: November 2017

Some of the land fields in Middle East contain important potential gas reserves, but zonal isolation of long drilling and production liners have been a challenge. Cementing these long liners along formations with low fracture gradients risks formation breakdowns when exceeding the maximum allowable equivalent circulation densities. Consequences include severe losses, formation damage, and insufficient placement necessitating costly remedial cementing, or even loss of the well.

Many wells in one field were abandoned and not completed because of the tight pore-fracture pressure window, which induced severe losses while drilling the intermediate and production sections. Operators have struggled to mitigate those drilling challenges, and one of the last approaches was to use an ultra-slim hole design; however, this design exacerbated the cementing challenges for the long 7-in. liner. We review this case history and outline the corresponding planning (spacer/cement fluid designs, placement simulations, and lab test results), pre-job practices, and job execution with evaluation.

In this particular well, the 8 3/8-in. open hole section was drilled to the casing point with no losses. However, while running the 7-in. liner (at > 10,000 ft) total losses occurred. A new design approach was developed and applied to mitigate the problems associated with cementing this section. This approach centered on the careful selection and engineering design of a spacer to cure and mitigate induced losses, and the use of high-performance cement slurries. Desirable properties of the latter include very low fluid loss and exceptional fluidity (low rheology) without development of free fluid or sedimentation. Finally the 7-in. liner was successfully cemented, and cement was found on top of the liner after reversing out.

A comprehensive approach on how to cure or reduce lost-circulation problems during cementing operations for critical sections (such as very long liners along fragile formations) are presented and discussed in this study. Case histories from several wells in the area are used to demonstrate the success of this approach with guidelines and lessons learned for similar upcoming projects.
Two-phase Surgery Using a Dermal Regeneration Material for Nail Unit Melanoma: Three Case Reports
Authors: Iino Shiro , Sato Suguru , Baba Natsuki , Maruta Naoki , Takashima Wataru , Oyama Noritaka , Kiyohara Takahiro , Yasuda Masato , Hasegawa Minoru
Published: November 2017

Background:

Nail unit melanoma (NUM) poses a considerable treatment challenge, particularly in cases with in situ or early invasive lesions, and wide excision with phalanx amputation. For post-excisional skin defects, stump plasty and/or split-thickness skin grafting may cause persisted irritation and ulceration as a post-operative complication, because of the insufficient underlying tissue volume, vascularity, and stability.

Objective:

To seek out other superior management avoiding disadvantages associated with the conventional NUM surgery.

Method:

Three consecutive cases with NUM were treated by a novel two-phase surgical procedure using a commercially available dermal regeneration template; as the first phase, the lesional nail unit was excised and subsequently covered by a dermal regeneration template onto the phalangeal bone surface, allowing development of robust granulation with extracellular matrix and vascular network. Thereafter, the second phase employed a full-thickness skin grafting.

Results:

All three cases accomplished complete removal of the NUM lesion, and achieved a good cosmetic and functional outcome, maintaining physiological firmness, contour, and less contraction and atrophy of the overlying skin. They did not complain of major post-operative complications.

Conclusion:

Our two-phase approach using a dermal regeneration material is a satisfactory and straightforward technique, achieving a substantial benefit functionally and cosmetically in the post-operative period. We propose that the additional use of a tissue regeneration material can provide superior results for the reconstruction step of excised NUM.
Anchoring Vignettes in EQ-5D-5L Questionnaire: Validation of a New Instrument
Authors: Azzolina Danila , Minto Clara , Boschetto Stefania , Martinato Matteo , Bauce Barbara , Iliceto Sabino , Gregori Dario
Published: November 2017

Background:

Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is an indicator of patient's physical, psychological and social life. HRQoL is influenced by experience, beliefs, perceptions and expectations, and measures subjective perspective of the patient himself. EQ-5D-5L and SF-12 questionnaires are validated instruments useful to measure HRQoL, increasingly administered in electronic formats.

Objective:

The main purpose is to evaluate the feasibility of anchoring vignettes for the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, with the aim to improve intergroup comparability of responses among different subjects. A comparison with SF-12 questionnaire is carried out.

Method:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the ambulatories of cardiology of the University Hospital of Padova, in Italy. Thirty-eight subjects with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or at risk of cardiovascular disease were enrolled. A factorial analysis has been performed to assess the convergent validity of EQ-5D-5L questionnaire compared to Sf-12. Moreover, a compound Hierarchical Ordered Probit (Chopit) model has been estimated to evaluate if the questionnaire form affects the subjective evaluation process in order to compare EQ-5D-5L with and without vignettes.

Results:

Correlation and factor analysis demonstrate that EQ_5D questionnaire is coherent with SF-12 in paper format. Chopit model estimation shows that questionnaire format does not affect the subjective question interpretation. Moreover, in a parametric model including vignettes, education attainment, disease severity, and gender are predictors of HRQoL status.

Conclusion:

The EQ-5D including vignettes in electronic format seems to be a valid tool to measure HRQoL as compared to EQ-5D without vignettes in paper format and to SF-12 questionnaire.