bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fluopyram for the control of Ditylenchus dipsaci in sugar beet
Authors: Storelli Alan , Keiser Andreas , Eder Reinhard , Jenni Samuel , Kiewnick Sebastian
Published: August 2020

Fluopyram, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has shown potential in controlling Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchus reniformis in tomato. The effectiveness of this compound for the control of Ditylenchus dipsaci in sugar beet was evaluated. In this study, laboratory, growth chamber, glasshouse, and field experiments were conducted. In a motility bioassay, the EC50 value was determined with 3.00 μg/ml a.i. after 72 h exposure to fluopyram. The growth chamber experiment did not show any effects on D. dipsaci penetration rate; however, field experiments revealed a positive effect of fluopyram applied at planting in reducing D. dipsaci infectivity. The glasshouse experiment confirmed a limited effect of fluopyram on D. dipsaci population development. Under field conditions, despite a reduction of D. dipsaci penetration rates in spring, fluopyram was not effective in reducing the population development until harvest. Consequently, D. dipsaci densities in plant tissue and soil were high at harvest and not different among treatments. However, root-rot symptoms were significantly reduced at harvest. Fluopyram applied at planting showed good potential to reduce root-rot symptoms caused by D. dipsaci in sugar beet. However, for the long-term reduction of nematode populations in soil, further integrated control measures are needed to reduce the risks of substantial yield losses by D. dipsaci.
Festulolium and fungal endophyte associations: host status for Meloidogyne incognita and nematotoxic plant extracts
Authors: Meyer Susan L. F. , Patchett Brian J. , Gillanders Timothy J. , Kantor Mihail R. , Timper Patricia , MacDonald Margaret H.
Published: August 2020

Festulolium hybrids are forage grasses used worldwide in temperate climates. They are associated with the fungal endophyte Epichloë uncinata, which aids in nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and production of metabolites that protect against parasites and herbivores. Epichloë uncinata produces loline alkaloids, which can deter insect pests. Festulolium has not been widely studied for susceptibility to plant-parasitic nematodes, so Festulolium lines, with and without fungal endophytes, were tested in the greenhouse for host status to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. All were poor hosts, regardless of line or endophyte status. Pepper seedlings planted into soil following removal of the Festulolium plants were infected by nematodes, likely because of surviving nematodes from the original inoculation combined with some reproduction on Festulolium. Lolines were found in shoots and roots of all endophyte-associated lines, and some types of lolines in roots increased after nematode infection. Methanolic extracts from roots and shoots of a tested Festulolium line did not inhibit egg hatch, but killed nearly a third of second-stage juveniles whether an endophyte was present or not. Further studies would indicate whether these Festulolium lines aid in suppressing field populations of M. incognita.
Potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against the pupal stage of the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Gulzar Sehrish , Wakil Waqas , Piñero Jaime C. , Leskey Tracy C. , Nixon Laura J. , Oliveira-Hofman Camila , Wu Shaohui , Shapiro-Ilan David
Published: August 2020

The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered a key pest of apples and is native to the eastern United States. The virulence of seven different species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) was assessed against pupae of R. pomonella under laboratory conditions. Nematode species and strains included Steinernema carpocapsae (ALL strain), Steinernema feltiae (SN strain), Steinernema riobrave (355 strain), Steinernema glaseri (VS strain), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (VS strain), Heterorhabditis indica (HOM1 strain), and Heterorhabditis megidis (UK211 strain). We conducted three bioassays: (i) short-term exposure cup bioassay (7 d), (ii) long-term cup bioassay (30 d), and (iii) pot bioassay (30 d). In the short-term exposure bioassay, all nematode strains (applied at 54 infective juvenile nematodes (IJs) cm−2) significantly reduced (range: 42.9-73.8%) insect survival relative to the control, but no differences were observed among the treatments. For the long-term exposure bioassay, using the same EPN application rate as the short exposure assay, all treatments reduced adult R. pomonella emergence compared with the control. Steinernema riobrave was the most virulent (28.3% survival), and S. glaseri and H. megidis were the least virulent (53.3% survival). In the pot experiment, S. riobrave and S. carpocapsae (applied at 27 IJs cm−2) had the highest virulence (23.3 and 31.7% survival of R. pomonella, respectively), while H. bacteriophora was the least effective (68.33% survival). Our results indicate that S. riobrave, S. carpocapsae, and S. feltiae have substantial potential to attack R. pomonella pupae, and their field application under the tree canopy (prior to adult emergence) in the spring when temperatures are conducive might be a good option for successful IPM of apple maggot fly.
Characterization of a population of Pelodera strongyloides (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) associated with the beetle Lucanus ibericus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Georgia
Authors: Gorgadze O. , Troccoli A. , Fanelli E. , Tarasco E. , De Luca F.
Published: August 2020

During a field survey for entomopathogenic nematodes in Georgia, in the territory of Borjomi-Kharagauli, a nematode population was isolated from the body of single dead beetle of Lucanus ibericus Motschulsky 1845 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Based on morphological characters and molecular analyses, the nematode species is identical to Pelodera strongyloides (Schneider, 1860, 1866), being the first record of this species in Georgia. Morphometrics of the Georgian population agree with the original description, and females differ from males by very few characters. The Georgian population of P. strongyloides was molecularly characterized by sequencing the D2 to D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene and two new molecular markers as the ITS and the mitochondrial COI gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all P. strongyloides sequences grouped together along with all other Pelodera species.
Molecular characterization of the Pratylenchus vulnus populations on cereals in Turkey
Authors: Karaca Mehmet Sait , Yavuzaslanoglu Elif , Imriz Gul , Sonmezoglu Ozlem Ates
Published: August 2020

Pratylenchus vulnus (walnut root lesion nematode) is one of the most damaging root lesion nematode species worldwide. In this study, 17 populations of P. vulnus obtained from wheat and barley cultivated fields in 2016 to 2017 in Turkey (Karaman and Konya provinces) were identified using real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. Samples provided a single peak at 87.3˚C with real-time PCR. D2 to D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA of one population from Cihanbeyli district in Konya province was sequenced and recorded in GenBank (Accession number: MT320536.1). Alignments of the population was identical 98.66% to the populations of P. vulnus available in GenBank (Accs. nos: LT985479.1 and LT965052.1) and 98.65% (Accs. nos: KY424305.1 and KY424304.1).
Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae and its bacterial symbiont in Cauca-Colombia
Authors: Neira-Monsalve Esteban , Wilches-Ramírez Natalia Carolina , Terán Wilson , del Pilar Márquez María , Mosquera-Espinosa Ana Teresa , Sáenz-Aponte Adriana
Published: August 2020

In Colombia, identification of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN’s) native species is of great importance for pest management programs. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify EPNs and their bacterial symbiont in the department of Cauca-Colombia and then evaluate the susceptibility of two Hass avocado (Persea americana) pests to the EPNs isolated. EPNs were isolated from soil samples by the insect baiting technique. Their bacterial symbiont was isolated from hemolymph of infected Galleria mellonella larvae. Both organisms were molecularly identified. Morphological, and biochemical characterization was done for the bacteria. Susceptibility of Epitrix cucumeris and Pandeleteius cinereus adults was evaluated by individually exposing adults to 50 infective juveniles. EPNs were allegedly detected at two sampled sites (natural forest and coffee cultivation) in 5.8% of the samples analyzed. However, only natural forest EPN’s could be isolated and multiplied. The isolate was identified as Steinernema carpocapsae BPS and its bacterial symbiont as Xenorhabus nematophila BPS. Adults of both pests were susceptible to S. carpocapsae indicating this EPN potential for its management. The results of this study constitute the first record of S. carpocapsae in Colombia and the susceptibility of P. cinereus to this EPN.
Difference in lesion formation by male and female Pratylenchus penetrans
Authors: Saikai Kanan , MacGuidwin Ann E.
Published: August 2020

Pratylenchus penetrans induce necrotic lesions, the hallmark symptom for the genus, soon after infection. The objective of our study was to characterize and quantify gender differences in lesion development. Independent experiments were conducted in vitro for three hosts; pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Early Alaskan), dill (Anethum graveolens cv. Long Island Mammoth), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Vernal). Each experimental unit was an excised radical placed on water agar in a Petri dish and inoculated with either 40 adult males or 40 fourth-stage juvenile females. Length, size, and number of lesions were recorded during the experiment and the radicals were harvested 14 days after introducing nematodes. Lesions were first observed on pea after two days for female-inoculated roots, and 24 hr after introducing both genders to dill and alfalfa. Lesions expanded either by multiple lesions coalescing or individual lesions expanding over time. Males made fewer, smaller lesions with less discoloration for all three hosts. There was no difference among genders for the total number of nematodes recovered per Petri dish or the number of endoparasitic nematodes after 14 days. The survival rate of males and females at harvest was not different, indicating that the difference in lesion formation was not related to nematode population densities. This study verified and quantified the observation that lesions induced by males are less extensive and in smaller numbers than lesions by females.
Reaching for Unique Resources: Structural Holes and Specialization in Scientific Collaboration Networks
Authors: Bojanowski Michał , Czerniawska Dominika
Published: August 2020

On some fundamental level, we can think of scholars as actors possessing, or controlling, various types of resources. Collaboration in science is understood here as a process of pooling and exchanging such resources. We show how diversity of resources engaged in scientific collaboration is related to the structure of collaboration networks. We demonstrate that scholars within their personal networks simultaneously (1) diversify resources in collaboration ties surrounded by structural holes and (2) specialize resources in collaboration ties embedded in dense collaboration groups. These complementary mechanisms decrease individual efforts required to maintain effective collaborations in complex social settings. To this end, we develop a concept of “pairwise redundancy” capturing structural redundancy of ego’s neighbors vis-à-vis each other.
Application of the bacterial outer membrane vesicles in vaccine design
Authors: Klim Joanna Jadwiga , Godlewska Renata
Published: August 2020

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are extracellular structures produced by most gram-negative bacteria, including pathogens of humans and animals. OMVs play an important role in the physiology of microorganisms and are an integral part of many biological processes. Following the discovery that they are able to transport many biomolecules, also these which have the ability to interact with the immune system, their potential use as non-replicating vaccines has become an important aspect of immunotherapeutic researches. These nano-sized elements exhibit remarkable potential for immunomodulation of immune response, thanks to the ability to deliver naturally or artificially incorporated antigens within their structure. First vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles was developed almost 30 years ago against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. This review presents some basic information on biogenesis and functions of OMVs. It also provides examples of pathogens, whose OMVs (in natural or modified form) have been used in the development of immunogenic vaccines against the organisms from which the vesicles had been obtained. OMVs are proving to be more versatile than first conceived and may become important part of biotechnology research, not limited to medical applications.

1. Introduction. 2. Outer membrane vesicles biogenesis. 3. Biological functions of outer membrane vesicles. 3.1. Role in response to stressors. 3.2. Role in the extracellular transport. 3.3. Role in biofilm formation. 4. OMVs in vaccine construction. 4.1. Neisseria meningitidis. 4.2. Vibrio cholerae. 4.3. Bordetella pertussis. 4.4. Chlamydia trachomatis. 4.5. Burkholderia pseudomallei. 4.6. Acinetobacter baumannii. 4.7. Francisella noatunensis. 4.8. Shigella spp. 4.9. Campylobacter jejuni. 5. Conclusions

1. Wprowadzenie. 2. Biogeneza pęcherzyków zewnątrzbłonowych. 3. Funkcje pęcherzyków zewnątrzkomórkowych. 3.1. Udział w odpowiedzi na czynniki stresogenne. 3.2. Udział w transporcie pozakomórkowym. 3.3. Udział w tworzeniu biofilmu. 4. Pęcherzyki zewnątrzbłonowe w konstrukcji szczepionek. 4.1. Neisseria meningitidis. 4.2. Vibrio cholerae. 4.3. Bordetella pertussis. 4.4. Chlamydia trachomatis. 4.5. Burkholderia pseudomallei. 4.6. Acineto bacter baumannii. 4.7. Francisella noatunensis. 4.8. Shigella spp. 4.9. Campylobacter jejuni. 5. Podsumowanie
Plasmids – vectors for gene therapy
Authors: Zaleski Piotr , Wawrzyniak Paweł , Sobolewska Agnieszka , Płucienniczak Grażyna
Published: August 2020

The first confirmed transfer of genetic material in human was performed in 1990. Ever since, gene therapy was considered to be one of the best promising treatments of genetic diseases. The sine qua non of successful gene therapy are efficient genetic vectors. Recently, the most frequently used vectors in clinical trials for genetic therapies are virus-based and plasmid-based. A range of features makes plasmids useful for gene therapy, however, they have also some characteristics which make it difficult to consider plasmids as ideal vectors. The main goal of this article is to address and describe these unfavourable factors.

1. Introduction. 2. Natural modification of DNA as an obstacle to the use of plasmids for gene therapy. 3. Plasmid DNA usage safety. 4. Plasmid DNA entry into eucaryotic cells. 5. Post-entry fate of plasmid DNA in eucaryotic cells. 6. pDNA-based gene therapies. 7. Alternative routes of development of pDNA-based gene therapies. 7.1. Baktofection. 7.2. Alternative Gene Therapy – AGT. 7.3. Hydrogels. 7.4. DNA minicircles. 7.5. DNA ministrings. 8. Summary

1. Wstęp. 2. Naturalna modyfikacja DNA jako przeszkoda w stosowaniu plazmidów w terapii genowej. 3. Bezpieczeństwo użycia plazmidowego DNA. 4. Wprowadzenie pDNA do komórek eukariotycznych. 5. Los plazmidowego DNA po wprowadzeniu do komórek eukariotycznych. 6. Terapie genowe bazujące na pDNA. 7. Inne kierunki rozwoju terapii genowych opartych na plazmidowym DNA. 7.1 Baktofekcja. 7.2. Alternatywna terapia genowa (Alternative Gene Therapy – AGT). 7.3. Hydrożele. 7.4. Minikoliste DNA. 7.5. Mininici DNA. 8. Podsumowanie
Antibiotic biosynthesis and secondary metabolism in high-yielding strains of Streptomyces, Penicillium chrysogenumand Acremonium chrysogenum
Authors: Kurzątkowski Wiesław , Kuczerowska Joanna
Published: August 2020

In this article, the secondary metabolism as a basis for antibiotics production by industrial strains of Streptomyces, Penicillium chrysogenum and Acremonium chrysogenum is discussed. Images from transmission electron microscopy reveal some important features of the mycelial cells which are related to antibiotics biosynthesis. This discovery is important for further industrial strain improvement and has economic significance. Possibilities of new strategies for antimicrobial treatment are discussed.

1. Introduction. 2. Industrial strain improvements. 3. The pathways of antibiotic biosynthesis by Streptomyces spp. 4. Compartmentalization in antibiotic biosynthesis by Streptomyces spp. 5. The pathway of penicillin G biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum. 6. Compartmentalization in penicillin G biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum. 7. The pathway of cephalosporin C biosynthesis by Acremonium chrysogenum.8. Compartmentalization in cephalosporin biosynthesis by Acremonium chrysogenum. 9. The future of antibiotic therapy. 10. Conclusions
Characteristics and potential applications of circular bacteriocins
Authors: Błaszczyk Urszula , Dąbrowska Kamila
Published: August 2020

Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides or proteins exerting anatagonistic activity toward organisms which are closely related to the producer strain. Circular bacteriocins are produced by Gram-positive bacteria, mainly lactic acid bacteria, and to a lesser extent by Bacillus, Clostridium and Staphylococcus genera. These bacteriocins are characterized by the head-to-tail cyclization of their backbone. The circular nature of these peptides makes them resistant to many proteolytic enzymes and provides great thermal and pH stability. Circular bacteriocins are divided into 2 subgroups based on their physicochemical properties and sequence identity. These bacteriocins are synthesized as linear precursors with a leader sequence which is cleaved off during maturation. The mature circular peptides are composed of 58–70 amino acid residues. Biosynthesis of circular bacteriocins requires three stages: cleavage of the leader sequence, circularization and export out of the cell. Circular bacteriocins have broad antimicrobial activity spectrum, including many food spoilage bacteria and pathogens, such as Listeria, Staphylococcus and Clostridum spp. Circular bacteriocins permeabilize the membrane of sensitive bacteria, causing loss of ions and dissipation of the membrane potential, and finally cell death. Enterocin AS-48 was the first identified circular bacteriocin and is best characterized so far. Circular bacteriocins or bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria have great potential in food preservation, and possibly in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Thanks to their properties, circular bacteriocins could be an alternative not only to preservatives and methods used to provide microbial food safety presently, but also to less stable, linear bacteriocins.

1. Characteristics and classification of circular bacteriocins. 2. Genetics of circular bacteriocins. 3. Biosynthesis of circular bacteriocins. 4. Structure of circular bacteriocins. 5. Modes of action of circular bacteriocins. 6. Enterocin AS-48. 7. Potential applications of circular bacteriocins. 8. Summary
Gammaherpesviral infections in patients with immunological disorders
Authors: Żuk-Wasek Anna , Przybylski Maciej , Żeber Natalia , Młynarczyk Grażyna , Dzieciątkowski Tomasz
Published: August 2020

Human herpes virus type 4 (HHV-4), commonly known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) are members of Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. They both develop latent infections in B lymphocytes. Infection with these viruses in immunocompetent patients is usually mild and self-limiting, but it can have more severe course in immunocompromised individuals. Failure of the immune system often leads to oncogenesis related to gammaherpetic infection. Thus, immunocompromised patients are far more likely to develop proliferative diseases caused by EBV or HHV-8. This problem also applies to HIV-positive individuals coinfected with EBV or HHV-8. Gammaherpesviruses can also be the cause of post-transplantation issues in patients on immunosuppressive drugs and EBV is known to induce severe clinical syndromes in people with specific genetic disorders. Presented article summarizes epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndromes and treatment of EBV and HHV-8 in individuals with immunological disorders.

1. Introduction. 2. Gammaherpetic infections in patients with HIV/AIDS. 2.1. Burkitt’s lymphoma. 2.2. Other lymphomas associated with EBV, 2.3. Kaposi sarcoma, 2.4. Multicentric Castleman’s disease. 2.5. Primary effusion lymphoma. 3. Gammaherpetic infections in immunosuppressed individuals. 3.1. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. 3.2. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. 3.3. Hodgkin lymphoma. 3.4. KSHV infections. 4. Gammaherpetic infections in intrinsic immune deficiency syndromes. 5. Summary
THE RISK OF DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY INSECT VECTORS IN ANIMALS IN EUROPE
Authors: Krasoń Katarzyna , Larska Magdalena
Published: August 2020

Currently, the emergence of exotic diseases in areas where they have not previously occurred is reported more frequently. For these reasons, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and individual countries are introducing regulations aimed at preventing and combating these diseases. Globalization and intensification of trade of animals and food products of animal origin contributes to the transmission of infectious animal diseases throughout the world. Global warming and human interference in nature affect the occurrence of diseases. The increase in temperature creates the right conditions for the growth and spread of vectors such as mosquitoes. Climate change may become a serious threat to the spread of infectious diseases in the future.

1. Introduction. 2. Diseases transmitted by insect vectors in Europe. 2.1. Vectors. 2.2. Participation of insects in mechanical transmission. 2.3. Primary and secondary vectors. 2.4. Transmission factor. 2.5. Emerging infectious diseases 3. Viral diseases transmitted by insect vectors. 3.1. Flaviviruses. 3.2. Buniaviruses. 3.3. Reoviruses. 3.4. Poxviruses. 3.5. Asfarviruses. 4. Bacterial diseases transmitted by insect vectors. 5. Protozoan diseases transmitted by insect vectors. 6. Nematode diseases transmitted by insect vectors. 7. Endosymbiotes. 8. Summary
Reliability and validity of an instrument that measures the willingness to emigrate
Authors: Quiroz Campas Celia Yaneth , Bolivar Mojica Eyder , Juárez Nájera Margarita , Hernández Valdés Jorge , García Lirios Cruz
Published: August 2020

Provisions for migration underlie asymmetric relations between sending and receiving countries, such as the cases of Mexico and the United States of America, although studies focus on stigma. The objective of this study was to establish the reliability and construct validity of an instrument that measures the phenomenon. A transversal and exploratory work was carried out with a selection of 300 students, considering their affiliation to a public university in a strategic alliance with multinationals for vocational training. A structure of four factors related to risk, utility, hyperopia and identity was observed, although the design of the research limited the results to the research scenario, suggesting the extension of the work towards negative dispositions such as exclusion, discrimination and the stigma. Keywords: Migration, Identity, Hyperopia, Helplessness, Reliability.
Sectoral Growth and Income Inequality in ASEAN-5 Countries: Case of Low-Middle Income Economies
Authors: Raeskyesa Dewa Gede Sidan
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to explore the relationship between growth in economic sectors, especially manufacturing, service, and agriculture, towards income inequality. Furthermore, it utilizes panel data for low-middle income ASEAN countries. The result shows that the share of agricultural sector in GDP has a significant and negative relationship with income inequality. In fact, the effect is robust for the incorporation of control variables. Therefore, it underlines the importance of agricultural sector development for reducing inequality and also for fostering ASEAN economic integration.
Quantifying natural organic matter concentration in water from climatological parameters using different machine learning algorithms
Authors: Moradi Sina , Agostino Anthony , Gandomkar Ziba , Kim Seokhyeon , Hamilton Lisa , Sharma Ashish , Henderson Rita , Leslie Greg
Published: August 2020

The present understanding of how changes in climate conditions will impact the flux of natural organic matter (NOM) from the terrestrial to aquatic environments and thus aquatic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations is limited. In this study, three machine learning algorithms were used to predict variations in DOC concentrations in an Australian drinking water catchment as a function of climate, catchment and physical water quality data. Four independent variables including precipitation, temperature, leaf area index and turbidity (n = 5,540) were selected from a large dataset to develop and train each machine learning model. The accuracy of the multivariable linear regression, support vector regression (SVR) and Gaussian process regression algorithms with different kernel functions was determined using adjusted R-squared (adj. R2), root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Model accuracy was very sensitive to the time interval used to average climate observations prior to pairing with DOC observations. The SVR model with a quadratic kernel function and a 12-day time interval between climate and water quality observations outperformed the other machine learning algorithms (adj. R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 1.9, MAE = 1.35). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method (AUC) confirmed that the SVR model could predict 92% of the elevated DOC observations; however, it was not possible to estimate DOC values at specific sampling sites in the catchment, probably due to the complex local geological and hydrological changes in the sites that directly surround and feed each sampling point. Further research is required to establish potential relationships between climatological data and NOM concentration in other water catchments – especially in the face of a changing climate.
Estimation of Abbreviated Mycophenolic Acid Area Under the Concentration- Time Curve during Stable Post-transplant Period by Limited Sampling Strategy
Authors: Karimani Asieh , Abedi Hasan , Nazemian Fatemeh , Poortaji Atena , Pour Amir Hooshang Mohammad
Published: August 2020

Background:

The Area Under the Concentration-time curve (AUC) of Mycophenolic
Acid (MPA), is a valid prognosticator of the risk of rejection and the gold standard in its Therapeutic
Drug Monitoring (TDM), over time post-transplantation.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate MPA pharmacokinetic parameters and develop a Limited
Sampling Strategy (LSS) to estimate an abbreviated MPA AUC, in the stable phase post-renal
transplantation.

Methods:

In this study, 19 patients with normal graft function (glomerular filtration rate >70
ml/min) who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved. Blood samples at various
times were taken in the stable phase after transplantation. MPA plasma concentration was measured
by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. MPA AUC0–12h was calculated using
the linear trapezoidal rule. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the minimal
time points of MPA levels that could be used to yield model equations best fitted to MPA
AUC 0-12h. The findings of this study were compared with the results of our previous study, which
was done similarly in the early phase post-renal transplantation.

Results:

The results demonstrated that the MPA-AUC and clearance were not affected over time,
but MPA-tmax was significantly lower in the stable phase in comparison with the early phase
(P=0.001). The best regression equation for AUC estimation in the stable phase was
AUC=9.57*C6+27.238 (r2=0.907). The validation of the method was performed using the jackknife
method. The mean prediction error of these models was not different from zero (P > 0.05) and had
a high root mean square prediction error (7.91).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of MPA could be affected by time after transplantation,
making it essential to develop a limited sampling strategy as an efficacious approach for
therapeutic drug monitoring during the stable post-transplant period.
ÖĞRETMENLERİN DEVAMSIZLIK NEDENLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Tulunay Ateş Öznur , Türkkan Şerife
Published: August 2020

Bu araştırmanın problemini “Öğretmenlerin devamsızlık nedenlerine ilişkin algıları nasıldır?” sorusu oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, araştırmada öğretmenlerin devamsızlık nedenlerinin cinsiyete, medeni duruma, kıdeme, görev yaptıkları öğretim kademesine ve ailesinin aylık gelir düzeyine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden nedensel karşılaştırma araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Burdur il merkezinde görev yapan öğretmenler arasından kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemiyle çalışma grubu oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan analizlere göre, öğretmenlerin devamsızlık nedenleri cinsiyet, medeni durum, kıdem, öğretim kademesi ve ailenin aylık gelir düzeyi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin devamsızlık nedenlerine ilişkin algı düzeyleri içsel boyutunda, dışsal boyutunda ve ölçeğin genelinde orta düzeydedir.
Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Care for Adults in Treatment for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Etzelmueller Anne , Vis Christiaan , Karyotaki Eirini , Baumeister Harald , Titov Nickolai , Berking Matthias , Cuijpers Pim , Riper Heleen , Ebert David Daniel
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Although there is evidence for the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), the generalizability of results to routine care is limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study systematically reviews effectiveness studies of guided iCBT interventions for the treatment of depression or anxiety.

METHODS

The acceptability (uptake, participants’ characteristics, adherence, and satisfaction), effectiveness, and negative effects (deterioration) of nonrandomized pre-post designs conducted under routine care conditions were synthesized using systematic review and meta-analytic approaches.

RESULTS

A total of 19 studies including 30 groups were included in the analysis. Despite high heterogeneity, individual effect sizes of investigated studies indicate clinically relevant changes, with effect sizes ranging from Hedges’ g=0.42-1.88, with a pooled effect of 1.78 for depression and 0.94 for anxiety studies. Uptake, participants’ characteristics, adherence, and satisfaction indicate a moderate to high acceptability of the interventions. The average deterioration across studies was 2.9%.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence supporting the acceptability and effectiveness of guided iCBT for the treatment of depression and anxiety in routine care. Given the high heterogeneity between interventions and contexts, health care providers should select interventions that have been proven in randomized controlled clinical trials. The successful application of iCBT may be an effective way of increasing health care in multiple contexts.
Optimizing Training Programs and Opportunities for Professional Development in the Era of Digital Pain Interventions: A Unique Opportunity for Collaboration (Preprint)
Authors: Nasir Amara , Mahmood Syed Hazique
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Introduction: New digital health technologies provide accessible adjuncts to alleviating pain in the general population. The advent novel digital pain interventions have resulted in a rapidly evolving learning environment. Improving knowledge and understanding of these digital patient-centric approaches to treating pain is vital for our current practitioners and new cadre of trainees. The objective of this manuscript is to initiate a discussion about digital pain intervention educational needs of residents as well as attendings in PM&R, anesthesia and neurology.

Methodology: After reviewing Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and relevant American Board of Medical Specialties policies and best available evidence, including grey literature, we interviewed a group of practicing physicians in physiatry, anesthesiology and neurology, including program directors, to provide expert opinion, guidance and formulate recommendations on educational requirements, research endeavors, and learning techniques and opportunities in utilizing digital health interventions for management of pain. IRB approval was not required.

Conclusions: We hope that this manuscript will serve as the basis of designing a comprehensive educational program and outlining opportunities for research that prioritizes optimal care for pain patients and leverages the unique and complementary knowledge base within our fields.
Fragments and Coherence: Celebrity Femininities in Cover Story of Kartini Magazine
Authors: Priyatna Aquarini
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the notion of femininity values assigned to women and considered to be the sign of womanhood. More specifically, it discusses the representation of female celebrity femininity as staged in their auto/biographical practice in women’s magazines Kartini. The paper also analyses how celebrity auto/biographical practices constitute what can be considered as feminine narrative [structure] that is fragmented yet coherent. Focusing on the issues of time and space, I argue that autobiographical practice in print media such as women’s magazines, despite its popular terrain, displays a complex structure of fragments and coherence in representing female celebrities as both public persona and private persons. Likewise, the alternative form of auto/biographical practices appearing in women’s magazines suggest that more embracing critical accounts of contemporary auto/biographical practices are necessary.
Unravelling of Waste in a Touristic Area of Pangandaran from Neglecting Towards Embracing Informal Waste Management Practices, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Schippers Bastiaan , Pratiwi Aninda
Published: August 2020

Increased attention for sustainable waste management practices has in Indonesia resulted in legislation that seeks participation and self-regulation amongst people in urban and rural areas. However districts are trying to meet the expectations of the national government, implementing Westernized-recycling systems. We demonstrate that these top-down waste management practices as well as the current approach towardsscavenging systemsas being problematic and undesirable, will not lead to effective waste management. Using a holistic approach we explore the subjectivity of waste and alternating perceptions of these objects in both formal and informal waste management practices.Moreover this article considers the functioning of informal waste management systems to be dynamic and profitable. Within the context of a touristic area that can’t keep up with the increasing amount of solid waste, this article advocates a highly potential informal waste management practices that are systematically overlooked.
Islamophobia in Karine Tuil’s The Age of Reinvention Novel
Authors: Widjayanti Ellita Permata
Published: August 2020

Islamophobia constitutes a negative action, attitude, and prejudice towards Islam as an ideology and against Muslims as followers of the ideology. It exists in any context and media including fictional works. This article discusses Islamophobia in an (English-translated) French novel entitled The Age of Reinvention written by Karine Tuil. The discussion focuses on how Islam and Muslims are represented in the novel and how the author uses some ironies to convey certain ideology. The author tends to be Islamophobic by describing Muslims as fatalist and immoral, and Islam as an uncivilized religion, barbaric, supportive of terrorism and irrational. Through the characters, narrations, and dialogues, the author also tends to have a sentiment on some issues related to Islam.
The Integration of Religion and Culture to Construct Social Identity Through The Pukul Sapu Ritual in Mamala Village, Moluccas
Authors: Andries Flavius Floris
Published: August 2020

The integration of religion and culture to build the discourse of social identity is an interesting issue. For Mamala, a village in the Moluccas, Indonesia, society consists of two embedded identities, namely religion and culture, in the construction of social identities. This research discusses religious and cultural integration in the construction of social identity by means of a flagellation ritual known as pukul sapu. This research applies qualitative methods to analyze qualitative data gathered through observation, in-depth interviews and document reviews. In particular, this research attempts to answer (a) why the pukul sapu ritual is performed by the Mamala community on the seventh day after Iedul Fitri, (b) how the ritual is carried out, (c) what elements are used in the ritual process, and (d) what meaning emerged in connection with the construction of their identity as Muslims and also as a society of customs. The research subjects consisted of a number of religious figures, customary figures, and people who are directed to participate in the review process of the ritual. This study shows that the ritual is regarded as a medium to construct the social identity (religion and culture). The integration of religion and culture in Mamala has proven that the social identity of this society includes religion and culture formed by dialectical processes, namely adaptation, relations, and negotiations between local traditions coupled with the influence of Javanese traditions. This, in fact, describes liquid social identity instead of static movement.
Postcolonial Aesthetics: Talempong Kreasi and Talempong Goyang in West Sumatra
Authors: Sastra Andar Indra , Fulzi Nadya , Anton Syahri
Published: August 2020

The aim of this article is to disclose the postcolonial aesthetics of talempong kreasi and talempong goyang in West Sumatra. Aesthetics can be defined as a sense of perception or the various kinds of feelings that are aroused by an art object that is being observed. Postcolonialism is understood to be the continuation of colonialism; hence postcolonial aesthetics discusses the sense of perception, in this case with reference to talempong kreasi and talempong goyang as the material object. Talempong is a type of bronze musical instrument found in West Sumatra; the word kreasi means ‘creation’ or something new, while the word goyang means ‘rocking’ or ‘swaying’ and refers to the body movements of the spectators as they appear to dance in time to the talempong music. The addition of the words kreasi and goyang after the word talempong create the impression that this type of music belongs to the domain of popular music. The emergence of these two concepts in West Sumatra cannot be separated from the influence and power of a number of leading figures in the field of education – specifically artists – from the colonial era, who had a background in Western music education. Talempong kreasi and talempong goyang are dynamic in nature and have the ability to play both major and minor melodies as the talempong instruments are tuned to chromatic pitches. The tuning system of the talempong is akin to that of diatonic musical instruments, and as a musical system it presents the harmonies of Western music through its melodies and chords. The problem to be addressed in this article focuses on postcolonial aesthetics, with talempong kreasi and talempong goyang in West Sumatra as the material object of the study. This phenomenon is examined using the postcolonial theory, relying on qualitative data which is supported by additional qualitative data. The results of the research show that talempong kreasi and talempong goyang in West Sumatra are a product of postcolonialism.
Matrilineal Kinship at Sea in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Schneider Katharina
Published: August 2020

This paper explores matrilineal kinship in the Buka area, in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, from the perspective of saltwater people on Pororan Island. In Bougainville and elsewhere in Melanesia, anthropological research has highlighted the importance of joint work in the gardens, of sharing and exchanging garden food, and of negotiations of access to land for kinship and relatedness in the region. Where does this leave saltwater people, who often have only small areas of land of their own, take little interest in gardening and depend on traded sweet potatoes or imported rice for meeting their subsistence needs? In the first part of this paper, I indicate “landed” bias in anthropological research on kinship, including matrilineal kinship. I then suggest complementary descriptive and analytic terms that may be useful for researchers who want to understand kin relations among saltwater people, based on my experiences among Pororan Islanders in Bougainville. Finally, I indicate the theoretical contribution that these terms can make to research on kinship in landed settings, as well.
Como se organiza a nova direita no Brasil
Authors: Da Motta Ana Paula , Serighelli Marco André
Published: August 2020

CASIMIRO, Flávio Henrique Calheiros. A Nova Direita no Brasil: aparelhos de ação político-ideológica e atualização das estratégias de dominação burguesa (1980 - 2014). Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 2016.
Ministras de Estado: uma análise prosopográfica das mulheres nos cargos máximos da República de 1985 a 2019
Authors: Gitirana Julia Heliodoro Souza , Kreuz Letícia Regina Camargo
Published: August 2020

RESUMOConsiderando que a representatividade de grupos politicamente minoritários em espaços de decisão engloba diferentes estratégias a depender da forma de indicação ou ascensão ao cargo, a presente pesquisa se propõe a tecer uma análise prosopográfica das Ministras de Estado brasileiras desde a redemocratização do País, iniciando a leitura de dados a partir do Governo José Sarney (1995) e alcançando a seleção de ministérios feita por Jair Bolsonaro (2019). Trata-se de uma tentativa de compreender a faceta identitária da representação – isto é, a análise tem como foco a trajetória das mulheres escolhidas no período em questão para ocupar os cargos de confiança mais altos da República. Para tanto, parte-se de uma relação de quem são essas mulheres, análise essa aprofundada a partir de critérios de titulação, carreira política e partidária, proximidade com organizações religiosas e participação em movimentos e organizações sociais. Analisaram-se, simultaneamente, quais foram as pastas ocupadas por elas – e como determinados setores são ainda um tabu para a representação feminina. A partir de tais dados, é possível traçar perfis sobre as mulheres do alto escalão da República e, com isso, compreender quem elas são e como alcançaram esses cargos.PALAVRAS-CHAVERepresentação. Mulheres. Ministras. Burocracia. Trajetórias políticas. ABSTRACTConsidering that the representations of political minority groups in decision-making spaces encompass different strategies depending on the form of nomination or ascension to the position, the present research aims to perform a prosopographical analysis of the female Brazilian Ministers of State since the redemocratization of the country, with data analysis beginning in the José Sarney Government (1995) up to the ministry selection made by Jair Bolsonaro (2019). It will attempt to understand the facets related to identity representation - therefore the analysis will focus on the journey of the chosen women in the period in question to occupy the highest trust positions in the Republic. The article will start with a backstory on each woman followed by an in-depth analysis based on the criteria of title, political and party career, proximity to religious organizations and participation in social movements and organizations. Simultaneously, the research will analyze the political roles these women occupied - and how certain sectors are still taboo for female representation. Such data will allow this research to draw profiles on women of the highest echelon of the Republic and, with that, understand who they are and how they reach these positions.KEYWORDSRepresentation. Women. Ministers. Bureaucracy. Political trajectories.
Nie udaję, że nic się nie stało
Authors: Kornelia Dzikowska
Published: August 2020

Publikacja stanowi prezentację prac podejmujących temat upływu czasu i niemożności sprawowania nad nim kontroli.
PERFIL DE ADAPTAÇÃO E ENSINO DE EVOLUÇÃO: UMA METODOLOGIA DE USO DE PERFIS CONCEITUAIS NO PLANEJAMENTO DE ENSINO
Authors: Sepulveda Claudia De Alencar Serra e
Published: August 2020

Propõe-se uma estratégia metodológica de transformar os resultados das pesquisas em perfis conceituais em informações significativas e heurísticas para planejamento de ensino na educação básica, por meio da pesquisa em design educacional (design research). Aplicando a referida metodologia aos resultados de estudos com um perfil de adaptação, são apresentadas rotas de aprendizagem, objetivos, conteúdos, contextos para ensino médio de evolução, e diretrizes para uso da linguagem e gestão do discurso em sala de aula. Como resultado, essas informações são sistematizadas e enunciadas na forma de princípios de design de intervenções para o ensino médio de evolução.
Replacement of red and processed meat with other food sources of protein and the risk of type 2 diabetes in European populations; the EPIC-InterAct study
Authors: Ibsen Daniel B. , Steur Marinka , Imamura Fumiaki , Overvad Kim , Schulze Matthias B. , Bendinelli Benedetta , Guevara Marcela , Agudo Antonio , Amiano Pilar , Aune Dagfinn , Barricarte Aurelio , Ericson Ulrika , Fagherazzi Guy , Franks Paul W. , Freisling Heinz , Quiros Jose R. , Grioni Sara , Heath Alicia K. , Huybrechts Inge , Katze Verena , Laouali Nasser , Mancini Francesca , Masala Giovanna , Olsen Anja , Papier Keren , Ramne Stina , Rolandsson Olov , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sánchez Maria-José , Santiuste Carmen , Simeon Vittorio , Spijkerman Annemieke M.W. , Srour Bernard , Tjønneland Anne , Tong Tammy Y.N. , Tumino Rosario , Schouw Yvonne T. van der , Weiderpass Elisabete , Wittenbecher Clemens , Sharp Stephen J. , Riboli Elio , Forouhi Nita G. , Wareham Nick J.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

There is sparse evidence for
suitable food substitutions for red and processed meat on risk of type 2
diabetes. We
modelled the association between replacing red and processed meat with other protein
sources and the risk of type 2 diabetes and estimated its population impact.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer
(EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort included 11,741 type 2 diabetes cases and a
subcohort of 15,450 participants in eight countries. We modelled the replacement
of self-reported red and processed meat with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes,
cheese, cereals, yogurt, milk and nuts. Country-specific hazard ratios (HR) for
incident type 2 diabetes were estimated by Prentice-weighted Cox regression and
pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS

There was a lower hazard for type 2 diabetes for the modelled
replacement of red and processed meat (50 g/day) with cheese (HR 0.90, 95%
confidence interval 0.83–0.97; 30 g/day), yogurt (0.90, 0.86–0.95; 70 g/day),
nuts (0.90, 0.84–0.96; 10 g/day) or cereals (0.92, 0.88–0.96; 30 g/day) but
null for replacements with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes or milk. Assuming a
causal association, replacing red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt or
nuts could prevent 8.8%, 8.3% or 7.5%, respectively, of new cases of type 2
diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Replacement of red and processed meat with cheese,
yogurt, nuts or cereals was associated with a lower rate of type 2 diabetes.
Substituting red and processed meat by other protein sources may contribute to
the prevention of incident type 2 diabetes in European populations.