bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL AND STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND COURSE OF BLEEDING FROM VARICOSE VEINS OF THE ESOPHAGUS IN PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Trofimov M. V. , Korpusenko V. G. , Muntyan S. O. , Kuznetsov G. E. , Gromov V. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim of the study was to identify the main etiological factors that led to the development of portal hypertension — the leading cause of varicose bleeding, to analyze the clinical aspects of the course and methods of treatment of bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus (EVV).

Materials and methods. We collected, processed and analyzed the results of treatment of 95 patients with bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus hospitalized in the Dnipro Clinical Emergency Hospital, DGS “for 2017. The leading factor was established liver cir-rhosis — 92 cases (96.8 %). Moreover, in 42 cases (44.2 %), cirrhosis of the liver developed against the background of chronic viral hepatitis C. The endoscopic picture of this category of patients and the degree of blood loss were also assessed.

Results and its discussion. It was found that the most frequently detected VRV II–III st. — in 42 (44.2 %), III st. — in 27 (28.4 %), while 52 (54.7 %) patients showed dilatation of the venous trunks in all parts of the esophagus, in 29 (30.5 %) — in the mid-lower parts. Analysis of concomitant pathology helped to establish against the background of which diseases portal hypertension most often develops: viral hepatitis C was detected in 46 cases (48.4 %), coronary artery disease (diffuse cardiosclerosis) — in 29 (30.5 %), ischemic heart disease (atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis) — in 15 (15.8 %), hypertension II Art. — 26 (27.4 %), diabetes mellitus — 10 (10.6 %). All patients received conservative therapy, which was combined with mechanical methods of hemostasis (Sengstaken – Blakemore probe) in 24 cases (25.3 %), endoscopic hemostasis (ligation with latex rings) — in 3 cases (3.2 %), partial embolization of the splenic artery — in 3 cases (3.2 %), suturing of veins — in 1 (1.1 %). In 70 cases (73.7 %) a favorable outcome was noted, 25 cases (26.3 %) were fatal.

Conclusions. The main cause of bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus is liver cirrhosis developed against the background of viral hepatitis C. Despite the widespread use of local endoscopic hemostasis techniques, recurrent bleeding occurs in 9.5 % of cases. The mortality rate for bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus is 26.3 %, which corresponds to the world average trend.
APPLICATION OF MODERN METHODS OF ENDOSCOPIC HАEMOSTASIS IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTRODUODENAL ULCER BLEEDING
Authors: Honcharova N. M. , Svirepo P. V. , Honcharov A. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim of the study is to improve the results of treatment of patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding by using the methods of endoscopic hаemostasis.

Materials and research methods. The results of endoscopic hаemostasis of 153 patients who were treated in the surgical department of the “Regional Clinical Hospital” were analyzed. Patients were examined clinically, laboratory and instrumental.

Results and its discussion. For Forrest 1a, b bleeding, endoscopic clipping was used in 16 (10.4 %) patients with a visualized vessel in the bottom of the ulcer. In the studied patients of this group, there were no relapses of bleeding. Diathermy coagulation was used in 42 (27.5 %) patients. Recurrent bleeding was observed in 6 patients. Submucosal infiltration was performed in 37 (24.2 %) patients with ulcerative bleeding. Repeated bleeding was recorded in 9 patients within the next 3 hours after the intervention and in 7 patients during the first days after endoscopic hаemostasis. Combinations of endoscopic methods of hаemostasis were used in 58 (37.9 %) patients.

Conclusions. The use of modern methods of endoscopic hаemostasis followed by adequate pharmacotherapy in most cases allows achieving a final stop of bleeding. Patients with a high risk of recurrent bleeding and a low surgical and anesthetic risk after successful endoscopic hаemostasis are shown surgical intervention before the development of recurrent bleeding.
THE EFFECT OF ENTEROSORPTION AND INTRATISSULAR ELECTROFORESIS OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ON PROGRESS OF BURN DISEASE
Authors: Petryuk B. V. , Petryuk T. A. , Khomko L. P. , Khomko O. Yо. , Semenyuk I. E.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The purpose of the research was to explore the appropriateness of combined usage of enterosorption amplification and intratissular electrophoresis (ITE) of antibiotics in injured with the substantial thermal burns. Clinical effect of the enterosorbtion and ITE antibacterial drugs in burn disease cases was studied in 26 patients with superficial and deep dermal burns (IIb-III deg.) from 27 to 60 % of their body surface. Enterosgel was prescribed from 3rd day after injury for 15–20 g 3–4 times a day for 7–14 days. ITE of antibiotics conducted from the 3–4 day by the «Поток-1» device, applying the direct current with density 0,03-0,05 mAh/cm2 for 60 min.

Materials and methods. The authors studied the leukocyte reaction by a general blood test. The degree of intoxication was determined by the level of molecules of average mass and blood plasma electrical conductivity. They evaluated the dynamics of the wound process, conducted bacteriological and cytological researches of the burn wounds in dynamics on 1–3, 6–7, 13–14, and 19-21 days after traumatization.

Results and discussion. This treatment tactic allows to reduce the level of endogenous intoxication, to optimize the course of the wound process in the area of thermal damage, to intensify demarcation-cleansing processes and reparative regeneration, which increases the clinical effectiveness of treatment. Conclusions. As a result of the research, it was found that the combined usage of enterosorption detoxification by enterosgel and ITE of antibacterial drugs in the complex treatment of victims with widespread burns is appropriate and justified.
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF VENOUS BLOOD FLOW OF THE I NFERIOR VENA CAVA SYSTEM
Authors: Rusin V. I. , Boyko S. O. , Rusin V. V. , Boyko S. Sh. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Purpose. Conduct an anatomical examination of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and its branches and determine the paths of collateral venous blood flow.

Materials and methods. An anatomical examination of the IVC and its branches was performed on 27 corpses as a result of autopsy. The bodies of the corpses were hypostenic-normosthenic type. The organ complex was eviscerated by the Shore method. The degree of IVC coverage by the liver in relation to the circumference of the IVC was determined. Measurements of the total length of the IVC and for each of the individual 6 segments of the IVC were performed. The hepatic and lumbar veins were studied and the paths of collateral venous blood flow were analyzed.

Results and discussion. The average length of IVC in the infrarenal segment was 107.6 mm, in the retrohepatic — 59.3 mm, in the suprarenal — 26.2 mm, in the interrenal — 23.4 mm, in the infradiaphragm — 15.2 mm, in the supradiaphragm — 12.0 mm, along the entire subdiaphragm segment — 197.8 mm. The coverage of IVC by the liver by 1/2 of its circumference was detected in 13 (48.1 %), by 2/3 — in 11 (40.7 %), by 1/3 — in 2 (7.4 %), by the whole length – in 1 (3.7 %) cases. Up to 23 venous trunks flow into the retrohepatic part of the IVC. The avascular area is located under the main hepatic veins with an average length of 13.1 mm and under the right renal vein with an average length of 17.8 mm. In 92.6 % of cases, the lumbar veins had an odd nature of confluence with the IVC – one common trunk.

Conclusions: The anatomical study presented new knowledge of the clinical anatomy of IVС branches.
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER COMPLICATED BY PERFORATION
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Krivorotko I. V. , Lazirskiy V. A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Introduction. Despite the declining incidence of gastric cancer, the problem of treatment of complicated forms of the disease remains one of the most complex and relevant. The aim of the study was to improve the results of treatment of patients with complicated gastric cancer.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the results of treatment of 19 patients with gastric cancer complicated by perforation, who were treated at the “State Institution «Zaitsev V.T. Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” from 2011 to 2020 aged 18 to 85. All patients were divided into two groups: comparison — 9 (47.3 %) patients (were treated from 2011 to 2015), the main — 10 (52.7 %) patients (treatment period from 2016 to 2020).

Results and discussion. In the comparison group, conventional surgical tactics and operations were used. The main group used active-individualized two-stage surgical tactics, which involve suturing a perforation hole in the first stage and combined and reconstructive surgery in the second. Radical operations were performed in 10 (52.6 %) patients; in 9 (47.4 %) — palliative and symptomatic. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (26.3 %), postoperative mortality was 26.3 % (5 patients).

Conclusions. In patients with gastric cancer complicated by perforation, in a serious condition of the patient and the presence of diffuse peritonitis, we consider it appropriate to use two-stage surgical tactics. The introduction of the proposed surgical tactics and new surgical interventions helped to increase the number of radical operations from 4 (21.0 %) in the comparison group to 6 (31.6 %) in the main group and reduce postoperative mortality from 15.8 % to 10.5 %, respectively.
THE ROLE OF SOME CYTOKINES IN THE FORMATION OF CRYPTOGLANDULAR ANAL FISTULA
Authors: Kryvoruchko I. A. , Sorokina I. V. , Parhomenko K. Yu. , Firsyk T. M. , Bozhko O. P.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Aim. Modern surgical approaches to the treatment of anal fistulas involve operations that least damage the sphincter complex of the rectum. The essence of the operation is a complete excision of the anal fistula, which is often accompanied by a significant number of recurrences depending on the chosen method of operation. Failure is likely the result of inflammation that persists after surgery, and cytokines play an important role in these processes.

The aim of the study: evaluate local production and determine the role of IL-6 and TNFα in the formation of rectal fistulas.

Materials and methods. The tissue of the fistula tract was obtained in 90 patients of both sexes with transsphincteric fistula of cryptoglandular origin in the period from September 2018 to February 2020, who underwent surgery (fistulotomy, modified technique LIFT, use of biowelding technique of the fistula tract).

Results. The frequency of IL-6 producing cells was highest (32.0±4,0) specimens in the field of view not only in inflammatory infiltrate, but also in granulation tissue and immature connective tissue of the fistula tract. The lowest rates of IL-6 producing cells were (23.0±3,0) specimens in the field of view. The frequency of TNFα receptor-producing cells ranged from (17.0±1,0) specimens in the field of view to (24.0±3,0) specimens in the field of view.

Conclusions. A large number of IL-6 and TNFα-producing cells has been identified not only in inflammatory infiltration but also in granulation and immatureconnective tissue, indicating the active role of these cytokines in the formation of rectal fistulas.
EXPERIENCE OF STAGED SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE OBSTRUCTIVE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION OF TUMOR ORIGIN
Authors: Kashtalyan M. A. , Shapovalov V. Y. , Yenin R. V. , Koshicov M. О. , Pasternachenko S. O.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Objective: to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with acute intestinal obstruction of tumor origin.

Materials and methods of research. During the period from 2014 to 2020 in the surgical clinics of the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Southern Region (Odessa) 186 patients were treated with acute obstructive colonic obstruction of tumor origin.

Research results and their discussion. In 34 (18.3 %) patients with GOKN during the applied conservative measures positive dynamics was observed, which allowed to examine patients in detail and prepare for surgery. In 6 (3.2 %) elderly patients with severe comorbidities, tumor recanalization and stent placement were performed. In 146 (78.5 %) patients, conservative measures were unsuccessful and were operated on according to vital signs, the first stage of which was intestinal fatigue.

Conclusions. Step-by-step tactics of surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction of tumor origin with the use of laparoscopic colostomy in the first stage were used in 60.3 % of patients, which allowed final verification of the diagnosis, safe compensation of electrolyte and nutritional disorders in the patient and further treatment and correction.
PATHOHISTOLOGICAL PRERECONDITIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATIONS AND R ECURRENCES I N INGUINAL HERNIOPLASTY
Authors: Knut R. P. , Khomko O. Y. , Kyfyak P. V. , Sydorchuk R. I. , Hrodetskyy V. K. , Hrebenyuk V. I. , Plehutsa O. M.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Inguinal hernioplasty is the most frequently performed surgical operation in the world, but the level of complications still reaches 11 % and of recurrences — 5 %. According to some authors, the reason may be in chronic inflammatory changes of the hernia sac and perihernial tissues.

Aim. To study the pathohistological changes of the hernia sac and perihernial tissues of patients with inguinal hernias for development of adequate methods of complications prophylactics.

Material and methods. The pathohistological examination of fragments of hernial sac and perihernial tissues of 24 patients with groin hernias was performed.

Results and discussion. The investigation detected the signs of chronic inflammation in fragments of tissue of hernial sac in all patients. In 8 (33,3 %) patients the signs of inflammation were found only in fragments of hernial sac, and in 16 (66,7 %) – they were combined with the inflammation of perihernial tissues. Among them, the pronounced signs of chronic inflammation were found in 6 (25,0 %) patients with recurrent groin hernias, they were combined with the pronounced scarring changes of hernial sac and perihernial tissues.

Conclusions. 1. Chronic inflammatory changes of the hernia sac and perihernial tissues are among the reasons for the development of postoperative complications and recurrences. 2. An important component of prevention of complications can be use of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.
IMMUNOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE SYSTEMIC USE OF MURAMYL PEPTIDE IMMUNOMODULATOR IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BURN INJURIES
Authors: Nagaichuk V. I. , Chornopyshchuk R. М. , Khimich S. D. , Nazarchuk О. А. , Burkovskyi М. І. , Bobelo А. S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Introduction. The problem of providing effective care to patients with burn injuries remains far from being finally solved. Due to significant immune disorders that occur against the background of thermal damage, the use of immunomodulatory drugs remains promising. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of systemic use of the immunomodulatory drug Liastenum® in the complex treatment of patients with burn injuries.

Materials and methods: The study involved 35 patients with burn injuries with the index of damage severity ranging from 30 to 60 units. Patients in the main group (n = 15) in addition to the usual treatment received an immunomodulator Liastenum®, which was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 2 mg once every 3 days (course dose — 10 mg). Treatment of patients in the comparison group (n = 20) did not involve the use of drugs with targeted immunocorrective action. Examination of patients included laboratory immunological examination of venous blood with assessment of various parts of the immune system and determination of the “Neutrophilic granulocytes form factor” indicator, which was performed on the 3rd, 14th, 21st day after the injury.

The results of the study and their discussion. The obtained results allowed to confirm the ability of Liastenum® to stimulate the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, restoring the phagocytic reserves of these cells, to normalize the level of lymphocytes and their individual subpopulation forms. In general, the action of the immunomodulatory drug was characterized by a balanced effect on the cellular, humoral parts of the immune system, phagocytosis.

Conclusions. The effectiveness of systemic use of immunomodulatory drug Liastenum® in a comprehensive program of care for patients with burn injuries by balanced correction of immune disorders was laboratory established.
SURGICAL TACTICS FOR PURULENT-SEPTIC COMPLICATIONS OF COMBAT BELLY INJURIES
Authors: Gerasimenko O. S. , Gaida Y. I. , Okolets A. V. , Muradian K. R.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Combat injury of the abdomen, according to the ATO / OOS is from 6.7 to 9 %. The specificity of gunshot wounds to the abdomen causes the development of functional disorders and complications (51–81 %) and, as a consequence, a high mortality rate (12–31 %).

Objective: To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment of purulent-septic complications in the wounded with combat trauma to the abdomen (BTC).

Materials and methods. The Military Medical Clinical Center of the Southern Region (VMKC PR) analyzed the treatment of 86 wounded who were hospitalized with purulent-septic complications of BTZ from 2014 to 2020, taking into account the location, clinical manifestations and severity of injury, used modern treatment methods , namely: puncture and drainage interventions under the control of ultrasonography and installation of NPWT systems. Comprehensive treatment was supplemented with antibacterial therapy and oxygen barotherapy.

First of all, the wounded underwent puncture and drainage interventions under ultrasonic navigation and gradual rehabilitation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. NPWT therapy was used in 11 patients with extensive wounds and purulent-septic complications of the soft tissues of the anterior abdominal wall.

Thus, the use of interventional sonography, as the primary diagnostic and treatment method for the treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications of combat trauma to the abdomen, has improved the quality of diagnosis and reduced traumatic interventions, which has reduced postoperative complications and inpatient treatment.

Results and discussion. Eleven (14.2 %) cases of puncture and drainage interventions were ineffective, in connection with which we had to resort to traditional methods of treatment — opening and drainage of purulent-inflammatory foci and the use of NPWT-therapy. Vacuum therapy is an effective method of treatment of purulent-septic complications of gunshot wounds of the soft tissues of the abdomen, which in combination with puncture-drainage interventions, can reduce by 2.5 times the number of repeated operations (mainly multi-stage surgical treatments), thereby reducing 1.8 times the length of stay of patients in the hospital.

Conclusions. Thanks to the use of modern methods it was possible to improve the results of surgical treatment of purulent-septic complications in the wounded with purulent-septic complications of combat trauma to the abdomen.

The use of the latest techniques has helped reduce the number of invasive treatments, accelerate recovery, reduce bed rest, reduce intoxication, and increase the rate of return of servicemen.
IMMUNOGISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE LUNGS IN FIRE PENETRATION INJURIES
Authors: Yakovtsova I. I. , Danilyuk S. V. , Zamyatin P. M. , Mikhailusov R. M. , Negoduyko V. V. , Bunin Y. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim of the study was to analyze the data of immunohistochemical studies of the lungs after a gunshot wound penetrating at different times. Materials and methods. Lung tissue removed from the wounded with an encapsulated foreign body or without a foreign body of fire origin in the period from 1 day to 10 months after injury was studied. Results and discussion. At 1 day after injury, pathological type IV collagen and transforming growth factor begin to accumulate in the damaged areas. On day 2 of the wound, there is a slight increase in the expression of TGF-β1 and Collagen IV, VEGF is practically not produced, the number of CD68 + macrophages increases. Day 10 was characterized by a progressive increase in the content of transforming growth factor in leukocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and collagen type IV in the surrounding wounds. Ten months after injury and surgery, the wound canal was a large area of dense connective tissue with single venous vessels, often without a muscular layer. Transforming growth factor showed pronounced expression in macrophages and vascular endothelium, while VEGF was manifested as a weak positive response in vascular endothelial cells and single macrophages. Type IV collagen remained between the fibers of dense fibrous tissue, which replaced the wound canal, and was also found in the walls of blood vessels, interalveolar membranes, fibroblasts of the adjacent lung parenchyma. Conclusions. 1. Traumatic disorders in the lung parenchyma in FPI in the first hours after injury are accompanied by the accumulation of CD68 + macrophages, which persist for 10 months after FPI and become the main producers of TGF-β1 and VEGF. 2. Transforming growth factor TGF-β1 and vascular-endothelial growth factor VEGF are found in large quantities in macrophages, leukocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and vascular endothelium from the first day of trauma to the lung parenchyma; up to 10 days the expression of TGF-β1 becomes significant, while VEGF weakly marks capillary endotheliocytes, arterioles, single macrophages. This immunohistochemical picture explains the long healing period of FPI. 3. The content of pathological collagen type IV Collagen IV on the first day of gunshot wound is minimal, increases up to 10 days and is detected in the fields of fibrosis and dystelectasis of the lung parenchyma after 10 months. 4. Determination of IHC expression of CD68, TGF-β1, VEGF and Collagen IV in the first 10 days after FPI and in the subsequent stages of treatment of the wounded will help to predict the course of combat trauma and adjust the methods of treatment.
FAST-PROTOCOL AND INTERVENTIONAL SONOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT OF COMBAT INJURIES OF THE ABDOMEN
Authors: Khomenko I. P. , Muradian K. R. , Shapoval V. Yu. , Herasymenko O. S. , Haida Ya. I. , Chertilina-Muradian A. Ju. , Okolets A. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim — improvement of diagnostic and surgical treatment of wounded abdominal injuries by introducing emergency ultrasound techniques and mini-invasive surgery under the control of ultrasound imaging.

Materials and methods. A clinical and statistical analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 293 wounded with combat injuries of the abdomen who underwent treatment in military mobile hospitals was carried out. In the comparison of the wounded with combat injuries of the abdomen, additional diagnostic tests were carried out in the comparison groups — FAST protocol, puncture sanitation and draining surgical interventions under ultrasound navigation.

Results and discussion. In the main group, unlike the control group, all wounded were followed by the FAST protocol. Widespread introduction into the diagnostic program of FAST-protocol and diagnostic punctures under ultrasound navigation allows to reduce the level of more traumatic diagnostic laparocentheses from 24.7 to 2.2 % and unreasonable surgical interventions from 3.2 to 0.7 %. Based on the results of the study, we have developed an algorithm for diagnostic and therapeutic actions for the wounded with combat trauma to the abdomen according to the results of the FAST-protocol.

Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that the widespread adoption of the FAST protocol, transcutaneous puncture sanitation interventions under ultrasound guidance in the diagnosis and treatment of combat abdominal trauma and its complications contribute to a decrease in the number of invasive and more traumatic (often unreasonable) diagnostic and treatment methods, which leads to faster recovery and shortened treatment time.
SPECIFIC ASPECTS IN TREATMENT OF SUPPURATIVE-INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS IN GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF EXTREMITIES
Authors: Shaprynskyi V. O. , Verba A. V. , Shaprynskyi Y. V. , Fomin O. O. , Fomina N. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim of the study was to present an argument for treatment algorithm of patients with extremity gunshot injuries complicated by suppurative inflammation.

Materials and research methods. Examination and treatment of 163 patients with gunshot wounds of the extremities were performed. All the wounded were divided into 3 study groups. The patients of group 1 underwent conventional treatment of gunshot wounds. In group 2, negative pressure wound therapy was used. Wounded patients of group 3 received vacuum-assisted therapy supplemented by the proposed scheme of counter-drainage and flow-through flushing irrigation of wounds with antiseptic solutions of 0.02 % decamethoxine and 3 % hydrogen peroxide. Bacteriological study of wound exudate was carried out, and sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics was determined.

Results and its discussion. Wound microbiology analysis in victims of blast and mine-blast injuries demonstrated predominance of gram-negative bacteria in wound microbiocenosis — Acinetobacter spp. (53 % of cases) and Pseudomonas spp. (15 % of cases). Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 22.2 % of cases. Sensitivity study of nonfermentative gram-negative rods demonstrated them to have high level of resistance to most antibacterial agents. All strains of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. were sensitive to polymyxin B and colistin but resistant to inhibitor-protected and -unprotected amino penicillin.

Beneficial effect of vacuum therapy in patients of groups 2 and 3 was evidenced by significantly reduced time of wound healing and hospital stay. The use of suggested mixture of antiseptics resulted in decrease of inflammation in 94.45 % and 88.89 % of patients in groups 3 and 2, respectively. Besides, in group 3, duration of hydration phase in wound healing process decreased to 5.7 days. The period of complete wound healing was shorter by 2.5 days, and hospital stay decreased from 14.97 to 10.8 days.

Conclusions. Thus, predominance of gram-negative microorganisms in gunshot wounds as well as their high resistance to antibiotics should be considered when undertaking empirical antibiotic therapy in wounded patients. The proposed treatment algorithm involving negative pressure wound therapy supplemented with counter-drainage and flow-through flushing irrigation with a mixture of suggested antiseptics proved to be highly efficient in patients with extremity gunshot injuries complicated by suppurative inflammation.
PREVENTION OF THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS OF SURGICAL PATIENTS.
Authors: Liesnyi V. V. , Filonenko V. O. , Liesna A. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Aim. To analyze the clinical significance of the Caprini scale for the prevention of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEС) in urgent surgical patients.

Materials and methods. The study is based on a retrospective assessment of inpatient medical records of 58 patients in the surgical department, who were divided into three clinical groups according to the characteristics of the Caprini scale.

The results. The first clinical group - 11 (19%) patients with low risk VTEС. Prevention of VTEС was carried out only using compression stockings. The second clinical group consisted of 25 (43.1%) patients with moderate risk of VTEС. Prevention of VTEС was performed using compression stockings for (4.4 ± 0.6) days and the introduction of enoxaparin at a dose of 2000 anti-Xa IO 1 time per day for 5 days. The third clinical group consisted of 22 (37.9%) patients at high risk of VTEС. Prevention of VTEС was performed using compression stockings, the use of enoxaparin by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 4000 anti-Xa IO 1 time per day for 7 days.

Conclusions. The study found that the Caprini scale is effective for assessing the risk of VTEС and allows you to choose rational tactics for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in urgent surgical patients.
TREATMENT OF LONG-TERM NON-HEALING PURULENT WOUNDS OF THE LOWER LIMBS USING VAC-THERAPY
Authors: Goltsev K. A. , Krivoruchko I. A. , Ivanova Yu. V. , Cheverda V. M.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The purpose of the study is - To improve the results of treatment of patients with purulent long-term non-healing wounds of the lower extremities using the method of local negative pressure.in purulent long-term non-healing wounds (PLTNHW).

Objectives of the research — according to the clinic’s data, to study the features of the course of the wound process and the microbiological characteristics of purulent long-term non-healing wounds of the lower extremities when exposed to the wound surface of local negative pressure.

Conclusions. The use of the local negative pressure method in the complex treatment of patients with purulent long-term non-healing wounds of the lower extremities helps to reduce the duration of the phases of the course of the wound process, early tissue decontamination and a rapid reduction in the size of wound defects.
IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE I DEGREE SEVERETY BACTERIAL KERATITES DEPENDING ON THE PRESENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Zavoloka O. V. , Bezditko P. A. , Abramova L. P. , Vekshyn V. O.
Published: October 2021

Summary. In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) there are features of the dynamics of the I degree severity bacterial keratitis, leading to prolongation of the disease and worsening of its consequences.

The aim was to identify immunological features of the dynamics of the I degree severity bacterial keratitis depending on the presence of type 1 DM.

Materials and methods. The level of interleukins (IL) was analyzed, namely IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in the lacrimal fluid of the sick and the contralateral eye of 6 patients with type 1 DM and the I degree severity bacterial keratitis and 6 nondiabetic patients with I degree severity bacterial keratitis on the 1st day, 10-14th day and 24th day of observation. Data from 14 healthy individuals of the appropriate age were used for comparison. The severity of bacterial keratitis was determined according to our scheme at a total score of ≤ 14. All patients were treated with instillations of ofloxacin, antiseptics, antioxidants, reparents, artificial tears, mydriatics, systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. The level of IL in the lacrimal fluid was determined by quantitative colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ELISA kits by ANOGEN according to the instructions for use.

Results and discussion. In patients with I degree severity bacterial keratitis, both DM and nondiabetic, on the 1st day of observation there was an increase in the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in the lacrimal fluid of the sick eye and IL-10 – of the contralateral eye compared to healthy persons, on the 10th-14th day — increase in the level of IL-1β and IL-6 of the sick and the contralateral eye, as well as IL-10 – of the contralateral eye (p<0.05). On the 24th day in nondiabetic patients with I degree severity bacterial keratitis normalization of interleukin levels in the lacrimal fluid of the sick and the contralateral eye was found, but in DM patients remained elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, both in the sick and in the contralateral eye (p<0.05).

Conclusions. In DM patients there are immunological features of the dynamics of the I degree severity bacterial keratitis, namely a longer increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 in the lacrimal fluid of the sick and the contralateral eye.
INTESTINAL ANASTOMOTIC LEAK: HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Voitiv Ya. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim. Improving the results of treatment of patients with intestinal anastomotic leak by determining the role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in the development of these complications.

Materials and methods The object of the study comprises 45 patients with anastomotic leak and with phenotypic signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, who were treated in the Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology during 2017-2020. Laboratory, histological, immunohistochemical studies and statistical analysis were performed.

Results and discussion. With comprehensive study of tissue fragments small and large intestines revealed similar morphological characteristics in groups of phenotypic traits undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and with intestinal anastomotic leak. In immunohistochemical study of tissues with monoclonal antibodies to α-smooth muscle actin revealed uneven focal expression in smooth muscle cells and fibroblast; with monoclonal antibodies to Collagen IV there is a moderate positive expression in the basement membrane of blood vessels, in smooth muscle cells of the muscular layer of the vascular wall, in areas of connective tissue.

Conclusions. Immunohistochemical examination of small and large intestinal tissues with monoclonal antibodies to Collagen IV and α-smooth muscle actin revealed signs of pathological connective tissue remodeling in the areas of anastomotic leak.
CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS AS A METHOD OF CHOICE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE THROMBOSIS OF DEEP VEINS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: Taraban I. A. , Oklei D. V. , Prasol V. О. , Beresnyev S. O. , Dmuhovskyi N. I.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Introduction. Acute thrombosis of deep veins (DVT) of the lower extremities is a pathology that requires immediate treatment, but most thrombolytics do not work effectively, except for catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Research aim. Rationalization of DVT treatment, determination of the catheter thrombolysis method as the most effective way to eliminate proximal thrombosis of deep veins.

The analysis was based on the results of the treatment by different thrombolytic drugs the patients with the given pathology.

Results and discussion. According to the analysis the most effective method of DVT treatment is catheter-guided administration of streptokinase, because streptokinase is the most effective anticoagulant, and its local action on the mass of the thrombus allows for complete elimination of the thrombus in a relatively short time without the counter allergic reaction to the infusion of streptokinase.

Conclusions. Catheter-directed infusion of streptokinase as a method of treatment of acute thrombosis of the lower extremities has significantly better treatment results compared to other methods of treatment of this pathology.
TREATMENT OF THORAX TRAUMA
Authors: Koshak S.F. , Belyak A. V. , Petryshyn O. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Aim. Improving the results of treatment of chest injuries.

Materials and methods. 2112 patients with thorax trauma were treated in Lviv lung centre from 1998 to February 2021 year. Diagnosis consisted of clinical, radiological, bronchological, thoracoscopic, sonographic and computer tomography of the chest.

Results and their discussion. 2112 patients (at the age of 12-87): penetrating wounding of thorax (PWT) – 501 (23,72%, including 68 wounding of heart and pericardium), closed trauma of thorax (CTT) – 1611 (76,28%); males – 1991 (94,27%), females – 121 (5,73%). 26 (5,32%) patients with PWT have died after operations, among them – 11 patients with heart wounding; and 11 (0,68%) males have died with combined CTT (7 patients with closed trauma of brain from 48 – 14,6%). Total mortality was 1,75 % (37 from 2112).

Conclusions . At PWT the thoracotomy, except for urgent states, it is expedient to postpone and carry out it after stabilization of hemodynamics of the patient. Thoracoscopy is mandatory for all patients with PWT with a stable general condition. At patients with a floating segment of a chest wall of a technique of its fixing to define individually depending on a situation.
ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ БАКТЕРИОФАГОВ ПРОТИВ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ МЫТА ЛОШАДЕЙ - STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИХ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ
Authors: Еспембетов Б.А. , Булатов Е.А. , Сармыкова М.К. , Серікбай Е.Б. , Самбетбаев А.А.
Published: October 2021

Изучение биологических свойств мытного фага - это важный этап при создании биопрепаратов, фагоиндикации и идентификации бактерий. Главным признаком воздействия фага на чувствительной бактерии является их лизис, сопровождающийся выходом в среду новых вирионов фага.Целью исследований является получение бактериофага для терапии мыта лошадей.Новизной данной работы является то, что впервые в Казахстане проводятся иссле-дования по изучению биологических свойств бактериофагов для терапии мыта лошадей, выделенных объектов внешней среды и биоматериала из хозяйств Алматинской области. Объектами исследования служили бактериофаги, выделенные из образцов внешней среды, всего исследовано 19 проб. Для изучения биологических свойств в качестве индикаторных тест-культур были использована штамм Str.equi. Все изучаемые фаги имели титр 107-109 по Аппельману и 109-1010 по Грациа, обладали выраженной специфичностью в отношении к Streptococcus equi и не проявляли активности в отношении Streptococcus aureus и Escherichia coli, они сохраняли литическую активность в течение 2 месяцев, были устойчивы к нагреванию в пределах 60°С - 95°С в течение 30 мин. Фаги были устойчивы к действию 10% раствора хлороформа в течение 45 мин.
ИЗУЧEНИE CТEПEНИ ЗAГРЯЗНEНИЯ ТЯЖEЛЫМИ МEТAЛЛAМИ ПОЧВ КРECТЬЯНCКИХ ХОЗЯЙCТВ AЛМAТИНCКОЙ ОБЛACТИ
Authors: Кожaновa Н.E , Caрceмбaeвa Н.Б.
Published: October 2021

В cтaтьe прeдcтaвлeны рeзультaты иccлeдовaния зaгрязнeния тяжeлыми мeтaллaми почв крecтьянcких хозяйcтв, кaк ТОО «AлeмТрeйд KZ» и «к/х Aйдaрбaeвa» Aлмaтинcкой облacти. Обрaзцы почв для иccлeдовaния были взяты в нaчaлe вecны, лeтом и оceнью 2020 годa. Опрeдeлeны уровни cодeржaния Hg, Cd, Pb, и As в пaхотном cлоe почвeнного покровa. Лaборaторныe aнaлизы иccлeдовaния токcикоэлeмeнтов в пробaх выполнeны нa aтомно-aбcорбционном cпeктромeтрe novAA 350 c вольтaмпeромeтричecким aнaлизaтором TaLab Кaзaхcтaнcко-Японcкого Инновaционного цeнтрa.Получeнныe cрeдниe дaнныe по хозяйcтву ТОО «AлeмТрeйд KZ» отрaжaют низкий уровeнь cодeржaния тяжeлых мeтaллов по cрaвнeнию c прeдeльно допуcтимой концeн-трaциeй. Количecтво кaдмия в cрeднeм cоcтaвило 0,0869 мг/кг, cвинцa - 0,0395 мг/кг, мышьяк - 0,0062 мг/кг и ртуть - 0,0094 мг/кг. Средние концентрации ртути и мышьяка в пробах почв двух хозяйств за весь сезон составила в среднем 0,02239 мг/кг и 0,0194 мг/кг соответственно что не превышают ПДК. Иccлeдовaния проб почв покaзaли, что cодeржaниe кaдмия, ртути, cвинцa и мышьякa по изучaeмым пaрaмeтрaм нe выходит зa прeдeлы допуcтимых концeнтрaций. Получeнныe рeзультaты поcлужaт оcновой для поcлeдующeго мониторингa зacоcтояниeм окружaющeй cрeды по cодeржaнию тяжeлых мeтaллов в природных объeктaх Рecпублики.
ПРОФИЛАКТИКА И МЕРЫ БОРЬБЫ С МЫТОМ ЛОШАДЕЙ
Authors: Нұржігіт Қ. , Сансызбай А.Р , Басыбек М.М.
Published: October 2021

Анализ данных литературы свидетельствует о том, что мыт широко распространенная болезнь во многих странах мира, наносящая значительный экономический ущерб развитию коневодства. Экономический ущерб, причиняемый мытом, слагается из отставания в росте и развитии больных животных, снижения упитанности и падежа молодняка лошадей, а также из средств, ежегодно расходуемых на проведение лечебных и организационно-хозяйс-твенных мероприятий, направленных на борьбу с этим заболеванием. Восстановление поголовья, повышение продуктивности табунного коневодства, и получение продуктов высокого качества наряду с другими факторами зависит и от эффективности проведения ветеринарных профилактических мероприятий, в том числе и против инфекционных болезней.Несмотря на то, что мыт лошадей давно известен и накоплена обширная научная информация о нем, изучение многих вопросов о специфике проявления и борьбе с данным заболеванием и в настоящее время остается актуальным.В связи с этим поиск экологически безвредных, экономически обоснованных и эффек-тивных средств и методов профилактики мыта лошадей в экстремальных условиях табун-ного содержания лошадей остается актуальной проблемой ветеринарной науки и практики.
ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ҚҰРҒАҚ ДАЛА АЙМАҒЫНЫҢ АШЫҚ ҚАРА-ҚОҢЫР ТОПЫРАҚТАРЫНЫҢ ДЕГРАДАЦИЯЛАНҒАН ЖАЙЫЛЫМДАРЫН БАҒАЛАУ
Authors: Әбдірахымов Н.Ә. , Қалдыбаев С. , Ержанова К. , Рустемов Б. , Бектаев Н.
Published: October 2021

Мақалада Қазақстанның құрғақ дала аймағының ашық қара-қоңыр топырақтарының деградацияланған жайылымдары сипатталып, оларға жан-жақты толық баға берілген. Физикалық (топырақтық) және биологиялық (өсімдік жамылғысы) көрсеткіштері келтірілген. Құрғақ дала аймақтары жайылымдарының геоақпараттық мониторингісі жасалған. ГАЖ технологиясы мәліметтері мен далалық зерттеулер нәтижелері арқылы құрғақ дала аймағы жайылымдарының деградациялану дәрежесінің картографиялық моделі ұсынылған. Соны-мен қатар, мақалада ең күрделі мәселелерді іс жүзінде шешу, жайылым аумағындағы табиғи жем-шөп ресурстарын сақтау және ұтымды пайдалану жөніндегі шараларды ғылыми негіздеуге және жасауға мүмкіндік берілетіндігі көрсетілген, бұл тұтастай ауылшаруашылық өндірісін нығайтуға және кеңейтуге ықпал етеді. Зерттеу нәтижелерін өндіріске енгізу республикамыздың мал шаруашылығын дамытуда жайылымдық жерлерді тиімді қолдану мен оларды қалпына келтіруде, жақсартуда үлкен негіз болып табылады. Жербеттік зерттеулер мен рұқсаттығы орташа және төмен ғарыштық мәліметтер негізінде жайылым-дардың деградациялануының карта-схемасы жасалды және олар деградациялану дәрежесіне байланысты контурларға бөлінді. Әрбір полигонның деградациялану контурлары бойынша NDVI вегетациялық индексіне талдау жасалды. Қазақстанның шөлейт және құрғақ дала жайылымдарының деградациялану дәрежесінің М 1:1000000 карталары құрастырылды, олар жайылым деградациясының М 1000000 сандық картасын 2020 жылдың күнтізбелік жоспарына сәйкес жасауға негіз болып табылды.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ОСНАЩЕННОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Authors: Бекбосынов С.Б. , Абдильдин Н.К. , Мизанбеков И.Т.
Published: October 2021

Результаты производства в значительной степени зависят от состояния и уровня развития техники, выход сельскохозяйственной продукции и эффективность производства определяет уровень технической оснащенности отрасли, техническое состояния машинно-тракторного парка, его износа, степени загрузки, других параметров. Технический потенциал представляет собой совокупность технических ресурсов, стратегической целью развития и использования которых является подъем сельского хозяйства. Выступая в качестве вещес-твенного фактора производственного процесса, он является активным элементом воздействия на конечные результаты деятельности сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей. При оценке технического потенциала сельского хозяйства должен применяться комплексный подход в исследовании количественных и качественных характеристик, что позволит объективно оценить его состояние и наметить основные пути восстановления. В современных условиях происходит качественное изменение поставляемой в хозяйства техники, в которой существенно выросла производительность и применяются информационные технологии, сложные электронные и гидравлические системы. Это требует от инженерно-технической системы агропромыш-ленного комплекса надежную реализацию всех эксплуатационных качеств машин, с расширением применения нулевой и минимальной технологий производства зерновых культур вырос спрос на посевные комплексы. Изменения в технологии производства, изменяющаяся специализация и концентрация производства в развивающихся сельских хозяйствах, количественное и качественное состояние оснащения сельскохозяйственным оборудованием, являются факторами, обуславливающими спрос на современную технику и средства механизации сельского хозяйства.
Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) Applied for Tuning PI of Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF)
Authors: Jawad Raheel , Jawad Rawaa , Salman Zahraa
Published: October 2021

In the present-day decade, the world has regarded an expansion in the use of non-linear loads. These a lot draw harmonic non-sinusoidal currents and voltages in the connection factor with the utility and distribute them with the useful resource of the overall performance of it. The propagation of these currents and voltages into the grids have an effect on the electricity constructions in addition to the one of various client equipment. As a result, the electrical strength notable has come to be critical trouble for each client and distributor of electrical power. Active electrical electricity filters have been proposed as environment splendid gear for electrical power pinnacle notch enchantment and reactive electrical strength compensation. Active Power Filters (APFs) have Flipped out to be a possible wish in mitigating the harmonics and reactive electrical electricity compensation in single-phase and three-phase AC electrical energy networks with Non-Linear Loads (NLLs). Conventionally, this paper applied Ant Colony Algorithm(ACO) for tuning PI and reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The result show reduces THD at 2.33%.
Research & Innovation Abstracts
Authors: Bisht Sneha , Nageswaran Priyanka , Gajanan Kantappa , Daga Sunil , Chakravorty Subarna
Published: October 2021

Oral and Poster Presentations at the BAPIO Silver Jubilee Annual Conference 2021
Birmingham, UK 22-24 Oct 21
Energy Transfer Across the Magnetopause Under Radial IMF Conditions
Authors: Lu J. Y. , Zhang H. X. , Wang M. , Kabin K. , Zhou Y. , Li J. Y.
Published: October 2021

A global MHD model is used to study the energy transfer from solar wind to magnetosphere through magnetopause under radial interplanetary magnetic fields (IMFs). We use the streamline method to determine the smooth surface of the magnetopause by searching the inner boundary of the solar-wind streamline and discuss the roles of magnetic reconnection and viscous interaction under radial IMFs, which we compare with cases of north–south IMFs. We find that (1) the energy transfer across the magnetopause is asymmetric between the northern and southern hemispheres due to different reconnection locations, particularly for electromagnetic energy; (2) for sunward IMF, the most significant area of the net input of mechanical energy occurs on the day side and near-Earth magnetotail, and the electromagnetic energy input in the northern hemisphere is much larger than in the southern hemisphere on the night side; (3) the mechanical and electromagnetic energy-transfer distribution in the northern (southern) hemisphere for earthward IMF is the same as that in the southern (northern) hemisphere for sunward IMF; (4) the electromagnetic energy input for radial IMF is two times larger than for northward IMF, but three times smaller than for southward IMF, the viscous effect is smaller than for northward IMF but comparable to that for southward IMF, the rate of energy transfer is 2.22% for radial IMF, which is lower than 4.95% for southward IMF, but higher than 1.7% for northward IMF; and (5) the Akasofu-type energy-coupling formula, ϵ, is not suitable for the solar-wind events dominated by IMF B

x
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On the Circular Polarization of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Dai Shi , Lu Jiguang , Wang Chen , Wang Wei-Yang , Xu Renxin , Yang Yuanpei , Zhang Songbo , Hobbs George , Li Di , Luo Rui , Filipovic Miroslav , Jiang Jinchen
Published: October 2021

Fast spinning (e.g., sub-second) neutron star with ultra-strong magnetic fields (or so-called magnetar) is one of the promising origins of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs). Here we discuss circularly polarized emissions produced by propagation effects in the magnetosphere of fast spinning magnetars. We argue that the polarization-limiting region is well beyond the light cylinder, suggesting that wave mode coupling effects are unlikely to produce strong circular polarization for fast spinning magnetars. Cyclotron absorption could be significant if the secondary plasma density is high. However, high degrees of circular polarization can only be produced with large asymmetries in electrons and positrons. We draw attention to the non-detection of circular polarization in current observations of known repeating FRBs. We suggest that the circular polarization of FRBs could provide key information on their origins and help distinguish different radiation mechanisms.