bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pseudo‐Random Code Generator Design for Satellite Transponder of 5G Wireless Networks
Authors: Muttiah Ravandran
Published: October 2024

In satellite communication systems, a data stream for a direct sequence spread spectrum transmitter is multiplied by a pseudo‐random code. It can then be transmitted over the same microwave channel as multiple users. Correlating the received composite signal with the provided pseudo‐random code at the receiver end will extract the original data stream without interference. The proposed transponder models here are to achieve the objective of minimizing the satellite onboard components, increasing the speed of operations for higher bandwidth, and transmitting more information to a large group of users. However, taking advantage of this technology and overcoming the challenges of implementing it in a real‐time environment, a satellite transponder was designed at a speed of 128 bps. The satellite transponder here is to accommodate satellites interconnecting 5G wireless networking systems. This paper describes the useful roles of pseudo‐random code generations and the methods of applications to track the desired binary data bit sequences according to the preferred carrier frequency channels. The designed transponder schematic circuit was tested for the received uplink signal at the carrier frequency 13 GHz and transmit downlink signal at 11 GHz. To evaluate the designed onboard transmitter system performance, initially, the system was analyzed in terms of energy per bit‐to‐noise power spectral density ratio, bit error rate, and finally signal‐to‐noise power ratio. The design system was measured for the operations with minimum bandwidth of 100 MHz upto 1.28 GHz for the input bit rates of 200 Mbps upto 2.56 Gbps respectively.
Orexinergic modulation of chronic jet lag-induced deficits in mouse cognitive flexibility
Authors: Duske Julius , D’Souza Nicole , Mayer Dana , Dieterich Daniela C. , Fendt Markus
Published: October 2024

Cognitive flexibility and working memory are important executive functions mediated by the prefrontal cortex and can be impaired by circadian rhythm disturbances such as chronic jet lag (CJL) or shift work. In the present study, we used mice to investigate whether (1) simulated CJL impairs cognitive flexibility, (2) the orexin system is involved in such impairment, and (3) nasal administration of orexin A is able to reverse CJL-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility and working memory. Mice were exposed to either standard light-dark conditions or simulated CJL consisting of series of advance time shifts. Experiment (1) investigated the effects of a mild CJL protocol on cognitive flexibility using the attentional set shifting task. Experiment (2) used a stronger CJL protocol and examined CJL effects on the orexin system utilizing c-Fos and orexin immunohistochemistry. Experiment (3) tested whether nasal orexin application can rescue CJL-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility and working memory, the latter by measuring spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. The present data show that CJL (1) impairs cognitive flexibility and (2) reduces the activity of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. (3) Nasal administration of orexin A rescued CJL-induced deficits in working memory and cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest that executive function impairments by circadian rhythm disturbances such as CJL are caused by dysregulation of orexinergic input to the prefrontal cortex. Compensation of decreased orexinergic input by nasal administration of orexin A could be a potential therapy for CJL- or shift work-induced human deficits in executive functions.
Human adipose and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate photoaging via TIMP1/Notch1
Authors: Zhang Huan , Xiao Xian , Wang Liping , Shi Xianhao , Fu Nan , Wang Shihua , Zhao Robert Chunhua
Published: October 2024

UVB radiation induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation, leading to skin wrinkling, compromised barrier function, and an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Addressing or preventing photoaging may offer a promising therapeutic avenue for these conditions. Recent research indicated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit significant therapeutic potential for various skin diseases. Given that extracellular vesicles (EV) can deliver diverse cargo to recipient cells and elicit similar therapeutic effects, we investigated the roles and underlying mechanisms of both adipose-derived MSC-derived EV (AMSC-EV) and umbilical cord-derived MSC-derived EV (HUMSC-EV) in photoaging. Our findings indicated that in vivo, treatment with AMSC-EV and HUMSC-EV resulted in improvements in wrinkles and skin hydration while also mitigating skin inflammation and thickness alterations in both the epidermis and dermis. Additionally, in vitro studies using human keratinocytes (HaCaTs), human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFs), and T-Skin models revealed that AMSC-EV and HUMSC-EV attenuated senescence, reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage, and alleviated inflammation induced by UVB. Furthermore, EV treatment enhanced cell viability and migration capacity in the epidermis and promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in the dermis in photoaged cell models. Mechanistically, proteomics results showed that TIMP1 was highly expressed in both AMSC-EV and HUMSC-EV and could exert similar effects as MSC-EV. In addition, we found that EV and TIMP1 could inhibit Notch1 and downstream targets Hes1, P16, P21, and P53. Collectively, our data suggests that both AMSC-EV and HUMSC-EV attenuate skin photoaging through TIMP1/Notch1.
Multisensory temporal processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: implications for psychosis
Authors: Amadeo Maria Bianca , Escelsior Andrea , Esposito Davide , Inuggi Alberto , Versaggi Silvio , Marenco Giacomo , Massalha Yara , Bertolasi Jessica , Pereira da Silva Beatriz , Amore Mario , Serafini Gianluca , Gori Monica
Published: October 2024

Structuring sensory events in time is essential for interacting with the environment and producing adaptive behaviors. Over the past years, the microstructure of temporality received increasing attention, recognized as a fundamental factor influencing cognitive, affective, and social abilities, whose alteration can underlie the etiopathogeneses of some clinical symptoms in psychiatric disorders. The present research investigated multisensory temporal processing in individuals with schizophrenia (N = 21), bipolar disorder (N = 20) and healthy controls (N = 21) in order to explore a plausible link between multisensory alterations in the temporal order of events and the psychopathological dimensions underlying psychosis. We asked participants to temporally order audio-tactile, visual-tactile, and audio-visual stimuli, and we administered different psychopathological scales to explore depressive, manic and psychotic symptoms. Results demonstrated that both subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are less precise in temporal order judgment independently of the sensory modalities involved. Interestingly, reduced precision in temporal processing of patients is positively associated with the presence and severity of positive symptoms. Our findings support the hypothesis that low-level sensory alterations in temporal structure may contribute to the emergence of clinical symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behaviors.
Synthesis and characterization of new organometallic lanthanides metal complexes for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Fetouh H. A. , El-Mossalamy E. H. , El Desouky J. M. , Batouti Mervette El
Published: October 2024

New Schiff base ligand: 4-methoxy salicaldhyde-2-2-phenyl-hydrazono acetaldehíyde prepared by facile method. The molecular structures characterized by elemental analysis and proton magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR spectra). This spectra at the chemical shifts (3.5–10.39 ppm) confirmed the types and the numbers of protons. The sharp melting point at the range 110–112 °C confirmed purity. New optically active metal (samarium, terbium and gadolinium) complexes of the Schiff base synthesized in a one pot reaction. Vibrational IR spectra confirmed functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs confirmed that the modified microstructure of the metal complexes differed in morphology than the ligand. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed good crystalline structure. The optically activity of the solid metal complexes confirmed from electronic absorption spectra. The UV absorbance band at the wavelength range 280–390 nm and the intense phosphorescence bands up to 830 nm enabled application in photo dynamic therapy for apoptosis cancer cells by conversion triplet oxygen in the tissues into reactive singlet oxygen. Low charge transfer energy: 2.59–2.61 eV, high molar extinction coefficients (ε) at the order of magnitude $$\:{10}^{6}$$ M− 1 cm− 1 and the intense phosphorescence bands reflected good photodynamic activity. The metal complexes are thermally stable.
Structural dynamics of human deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase)
Authors: Sarre Ravdna , Dobrovolska Olena , Lundström Patrik , Turcu Diana , Agback Tatiana , Halskau Øyvind , Isaksson Johan
Published: October 2024

Structural- and functional heterogeneity, as well as allosteric regulation, in homo-monomeric enzymes is a highly active area of research. One such enzyme is human nuclear-associated deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), which has emerged as an interesting drug target in combination therapy with traditional nucleotide analogue treatment of cancer. We report, for the first time, a full structural dynamics study of human dUTPase by NMR. dUTPase has been investigated in terms of structural dynamics in its apo form, in complex with the modified substrate resistant to hydrolysis, 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-α,β-imido-triphosphate (dUpNHpp), as well as the product, 2’-deoxy-uridine-monophosphate (dUMP). The apo form of the enzyme displayed slow dynamics in the milli- to microsecond regime in relaxation dispersion experiments, which was further slowed down to observable heterogeneity upon substrate-analogue binding. The results suggest that the non-hydrolysable substrate-analogue traps the enzyme in the conformational isomerization step that has been previously suggested to be part of the enzyme catalysis kinetics cycle. The observed heterogeneity fits well with the pattern expected to emerge from the suggested kinetic model, and no evidence for homotropic allosterism was found. The heatmaps of the slow dynamics, chemical shift perturbation upon substrate binding and conserved regions of the enzyme sequence all displayed a similar pattern, which suggests that the structural dynamics is finely tuned and important for the biological function of the enzyme for binding, conformational shift, catalysis and substrate release.
Public attitudes towards social media field experiments
Authors: Straub Vincent J. , Burton Jason W. , Geers Michael , Lorenz-Spreen Philipp
Published: October 2024

The growing use of social media field experiments demands a rethink of current research ethics in computational social science and psychological research. Here, we provide an exploratory empirical account of key user concerns and outline a number of critical discussions that need to take place to protect participants and help researchers to make use of the novel opportunities of digital data collection and field studies. Our primary contention is that we need to elicit public perceptions to devise more up-to-date guidelines for review boards whilst also allowing and encouraging researchers to arrive at more ethical individual study design choices themselves. To ground our discussion in real-world examples of online experiments, we focus on recent social media studies in the field of misinformation, polarization, and hate speech research. We conclude by discussing how we can better strike a balance between meeting ethical guidelines and the concerns of social media users alongside maximizing scientific impact and credibility.
Liver magnetic resonance imaging, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome risk in pre-pubertal Mexican boys
Authors: de Celis Alonso Benito , Shumbayawonda Elizabeth , Beyer Cayden , Hidalgo-Tobon Silvia , López-Martínez Briseida , Dies-Suarez Pilar , Klunder-Klunder Miguel , Miranda-Lora América Liliana , Pérez Eduardo Barragán , Thomaides-Brears Helena , Banerjee Rajarshi , Thomas E. Louise , Bell Jimmy D. , So Po-Wah
Published: October 2024

Rising global pediatric obesity rates, increase non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence, with MetS being a NAFLD risk factor. NAFLD can be asymptomatic, with liver function tests insensitive to mild disease, and liver biopsy, risking complications. Thus, we investigated multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) metrics of liver fat (proton density fat fraction, PDFF) and disease activity (fibro-inflammation; iron-corrected T1, cT1), in a Hispanic pre-pubertal pediatric cohort, with increased risk of NAFLD. Pre-pubertal boys (n = 81) of varying Body-Mass Index (BMI) were recruited in Mexico City. Most children (81%) had normal liver transaminase levels, 38% had high BMI, and 14% had ≥ 3 MetS risk factors. Applying mpMRI thresholds, 12%, 7% and 4% of the cohort had NAFLD, NASH and high-risk NASH respectively. Participants with ≥ 3 MetS risk factors had higher cT1 (834 ms vs. 737 ms, p = 0.004) and PDFF (8.7% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001) compared to those without risk factors. Those with elevated cT1 tended to have high BMI and high insulin (p = 0.005), HOMA-IR (p = 0.005) and leptin (p < 0.001). The significant association of increased risk of MetS with abnormal mpMRI, particularly cT1, proposes the potential of using mpMRI for routine pediatric NAFLD screening of high-risk (high BMI, high MetS risk score) populations.
Synthesis and characterization of MoS2-carbon based materials for enhanced energy storage applications
Authors: Szkoda Mariusz , Ilnicka Anna , Trzciński Konrad , Zarach Zuzanna , Roda Daria , Nowak Andrzej P.
Published: October 2024

The article delves into the synthesis and characterization of MoS2-carbon-based materials, holding promise for applications in supercapacitors and ion batteries. The synthesis process entails the preparation of MoS2 and its carbon hybrids through exfoliation, hydrothermal treatment, and subsequent pyrolysis. Various analytical techniques were employed to comprehensively examine the structural, compositional, and morphological properties of the resulting materials. The article explores the electrochemical performance of these electrode materials in supercapacitors and ion batteries (LiB, SiB, KiB). Electrochemical measurements were conducted in aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitors and various aprotic electrolytes for ion batteries. Results highlight the impact of the synthesis process on electrochemical performance, emphasizing factors such as capacitance, rate capability, and charge/discharge cycle performance. Hydrothermally treated MoS2-carbon exhibited a specific capacitance of approximately 150 F g-1 in supercapacitors, attributed to its high surface area and efficient charge storage mechanisms. Additionally, for Li-ion battery materials without hydrothermal treatment showed impressive capacity retention of around 88% after 500 charge-discharge cycles, starting with an initial specific capacity of about 920 mAh/g. Long-term stability was demonstrated in both supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries, with minimal capacitance degradation even after extensive charge-discharge cycles. This research underscores the potential of MoS2-based materials as effective energy storage solutions.
The predictability of fluctuating environments shapes the thermal tolerance of marine ectotherms and compensates narrow safety margins
Authors: Fusi Marco , Barausse Alberto , Booth Jenny Marie , Chapman Erica , Daffonchio Daniele , Sanderson William , Diele Karen , Giomi Folco
Published: October 2024

Aquatic species living in productive coastal habitats with abundant primary producers have evolved in highly dynamic diel and seasonally fluctuating environments in terms of, for example, water temperature and dissolved oxygen. However, how environmental fluctuations shape the thermal tolerance of marine species is still poorly understood. Here we hypothesize that the degree of predictability of the diel environmental fluctuations in the coastal area can explain the thermal response of marine species. To test this hypothesis, we measured the thermal tolerance of 17 species of marine ectotherm from tropical, warm temperate and cold temperate latitudes under two levels of oxygen (around saturation and at supersaturation), and relate the results to their site-specific temperature and oxygen fluctuation and their environmental predictability. We demonstrate that oxygen and temperature fluctuations at tropical latitudes have a higher predictability than those at warm and cold temperate latitudes. Further, we show that marine species that are adapted to high predictability have the potential to tune their thermal performance when exposed to oxygen supersaturation, despite being constrained within a narrow safety margin. We advocate that the predictability of the environmental fluctuation needs to be considered when measuring and forecasting the response of marine animals to global warming.
Polyethyleneimine facilitates the growth and electrophysiological characterization of iPSC-derived motor neurons
Authors: Yang Meimei , You Daofeng , Liu Gang , Lu Yin , Yang Guangming , O’Brien Timothy , Henshall David C. , Hardiman Orla , Cai Li , Liu Min , Shen Sanbing
Published: October 2024

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, in combination with electrophysiological characterization via multielectrode array (MEA), has facilitated the utilization of iPSC-derived motor neurons (iPSC-MNs) as highly valuable models for underpinning pathogenic mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic interventions for motor neuron diseases (MNDs). However, the challenge of MN adherence to the MEA plate and the heterogeneity presented in iPSC-derived cultures raise concerns about the reproducibility of the findings obtained from these cellular models. We discovered that one novel factor modulating the electrophysiological activity of iPSC-MNs is the extracellular matrix (ECM) used in the coating to support in vitro growth, differentiation and maturation of iPSC-MNs. The current study showed that two coating conditions, namely, Poly-L-ornithine/Matrigel (POM) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) strongly promoted attachment of iPSC-MNs on MEA culture dishes compared to three other coating conditions, and both facilitated the maturation of iPSC-MNs as characterized by the detection of extensive electrophysiological activities from the MEA plates. POM coating accelerated the maturation of the iPSC-MNs for up to 5 weeks, which suits modeling of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the application of PEI resulted in more even distribution of the MNs on the culture dish and reduced variability of electrophysiological signals from the iPSC-MNs in 7-week cultures, which permitted the detection of enhanced excitability in iPSC-MNs from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study provides a comprehensive comparison of five coating conditions and offers POM and PEI as favorable coatings for in vitro modeling of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, respectively.
Consensus tissue domain detection in spatial omics data using multiplex image labeling with regional morphology (MILWRM)
Authors: Kaur Harsimran , Heiser Cody N. , McKinley Eliot T. , Ventura-Antunes Lissa , Harris Coleman R. , Roland Joseph T. , Farrow Melissa A. , Selden Hilary J. , Pingry Ellie L. , Moore John F. , Ehrlich Lauren I. R. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Spraggins Jeffrey M. , Coffey Robert J. , Lau Ken S. , Vandekar Simon N.
Published: October 2024

Spatially resolved molecular assays provide high dimensional genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenetic information in situ and at various resolutions. Pairing these data across modalities with histological features enables powerful studies of tissue pathology in the context of an intact microenvironment and tissue structure. Increasing dimensions across molecular analytes and samples require new data science approaches to functionally annotate spatially resolved molecular data. A specific challenge is data-driven cross-sample domain detection that allows for analysis within and between consensus tissue compartments across high volumes of multiplex datasets stemming from tissue atlasing efforts. Here, we present MILWRM (multiplex image labeling with regional morphology)—a Python package for rapid, multi-scale tissue domain detection and annotation at the image- or spot-level. We demonstrate MILWRM’s utility in identifying histologically distinct compartments in human colonic polyps, lymph nodes, mouse kidney, and mouse brain slices through spatially-informed clustering in two different spatial data modalities from different platforms. We used tissue domains detected in human colonic polyps to elucidate the molecular distinction between polyp subtypes, and explored the ability of MILWRM to identify anatomical regions of the brain tissue and their respective distinct molecular profiles.
ZC3HAV1 facilitates STING activation and enhances inflammation
Authors: Qin Danhui , Song Hui , Wang Caiwei , Ma Xiaojie , Fu Yu , Zhao Chunyuan , Zhao Wei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Weifang
Published: October 2024

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is vital in the cytosolic DNA-sensing process and critical for initiating the innate immune response, which has important functions in host defense and contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 (ZC3HAV1) specifically binds the CpG dinucleotides in the viral RNAs of multiple viruses and promotes their degradation. ZAPS (ZC3HAV1 short isoform) is a potent stimulator of retinoid acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling during the antiviral response. However, how ZC3HAV1 controls STING signaling is unclear. Here, we show that ZC3HAV1 specifically potentiates STING activation by associating with STING to promote its oligomerization and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, which facilitates activation of IRF3 and NF-κB pathway. Accordingly, Zc3hav1 deficiency protects mice against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection- or 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA)-induced inflammation in a STING-dependent manner. These results indicate that ZC3HAV1 is a key regulator of STING signaling, which suggests its possible use as a therapeutic target for STING-dependent inflammation.
Beyond blooms: the winter ecosystem reset determines microeukaryotic community dynamics in the Fram Strait
Authors: Oldenburg Ellen , Kronberg Raphael M. , Metfies Katja , Wietz Matthias , von Appen Wilken-Jon , Bienhold Christina , Popa Ovidiu , Ebenhöh Oliver
Published: October 2024

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing a major transition as a result of global warming, with uncertain consequences for its ecosystems. Our study introduces an integrated analytical approach using co-occurrence networks, convergent cross-mapping, and energy landscape analysis. Applied to four years of amplicon data from Fram Strait, located at the boundary between Arctic and Atlantic waters, our method identifies keystone species in seasonal microbial communities, elucidates causal interactions, and predicts stable configurations across changing environments. We find strong evidence for a “winter reset”, implying that organisms representing the spring bloom are largely determined by prevailing environmental conditions during winter. In addition, our analysis suggests that winter communities may adapt more readily to expected Atlantification than summer communities. These results highlight the utility of innovative time-series analyses in disentangling ecosystem dynamics. This approach provides critical insights into Arctic ecological interactions, dynamics, and resilience and aids in understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change.
Hydrophobicity induced graphene oxide based dispersive micro solid phase extraction of strontium from seawater and groundwater prior to GFAAS determination
Authors: Sebastian M. , Saikrishna D. , Jayabun S. K. , Meeravali N. N. , Shekhar R. , Sahayam A. C.
Published: October 2024

A novel graphene oxide (GO) mediated dispersive micro solid phase extraction method (Dμ-SPE) is developed for the extraction of strontium (Sr) from seawater and groundwater.
Sodium alginate-nanocellulose-based active composite film for edible oils packaging applications
Authors: Rahman Sazzadur , Batsh Chandramani , Gurumayam Shalini , Borah Jagat Chandra , Chowdhury Devasish
Published: October 2024

The fabricated sodium alginate-nanocellulose-based active nanocomposite film possesses high mechanical strength, excellent stability in edible oils, and effective antioxidant functionality thus ideal as packaging materials for edible oils.
Nanopasta: electrospinning nanofibers of white flour
Authors: Britton Beatrice , Zhang Fangyuan , Anthony David B. , Reyes Ceasar III D. L. , Pawlus Michal , Williams Gareth R. , Clancy Adam J.
Published: October 2024

We report ultrafine fibres prepared from wheat flour: a starch-rich nanoscale mesh with the potential in applications from biomaterials to filtration, without the extensive environmentally-damaging purification steps involved in starch production.
Multi-scaled regulation for cholesteric organization of cellulose nanocrystals based on internal and external factors
Authors: Song Baiqi , Luo Richu , Jiao Haixing , Li Fangling , Yu Juan , Zhang Xiaofang
Published: October 2024

Multi-scaled modulation of CNC cholesteric organization, from nano-scaled periodicity to micro-scaled alignment stacking and macro-scaled, has been conducted based on building blocks, solution environment, additives, and external forces.
A spin-polarized analysis of the half-metallicity, mechanical, structural and optoelectronic attributes of full-Heusler XVCo2 (X = B and P) alloys
Authors: Firdous Faiza , Ain Quratul , Issa Shams A. M. , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Munir Junaid
Published: October 2024

The structural, electromagnetic, mechanical, and optical characteristics are determined through first-principles calculations. The computed properties reveal the potential of BVCo2 and PVCo2 spintronics and optoelectronic devices.
Sustainable water-activated metal–air paper batteries based on waste biomass-based electrocatalysts
Authors: Ishibashi Kosuke , Yabu Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

A biomass-derived carbon alloy catalyst, termed “nano-blood charcoal (NBC),” for realizing a high-performance water-activated Mg–air paper battery.
Green ammonia: revolutionizing sustainable energy for a carbon-free future
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Zhang Hangjian , Jiang Hongyu , Li Lu
Published: October 2024

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in green ammonia synthesis and its energy applications, with emphasis on innovations in production technology, storage and transport solutions, and their environmental impacts.
Cuproptosis in cancer therapy: mechanisms, therapeutic application and future prospects
Authors: Hu Jiawei , Zhu Junfei , Chen Tao , Zhao Yudie , Xu Qingwen , Wang Yan
Published: October 2024

Cuproptosis is a regulated form of cell death induced by the accumulation of metal ions and is closely linked to aspects of cellular drug resistance, cellular metabolism, and signalling pathways.
Wearable self-powered intelligent textile with optical–electrical dual-mode functionality for pressure distribution detection and remote intelligent control
Authors: Li Junhuan , Tian Zhen , Su Li , Yang Yilong , Ding Chang , Wang Chen , Sun Ming , Zhao Yong
Published: October 2024

A novel WSIT based on TIEL and single-electrode TENG is developed with self-powered optical–electrical dual-mode sensing functionality, which may be widely applicable in fields like intelligent robots, augmented reality, and smart homes.
Enhancing performance in blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by using a deep HOMO carbazol-phenyl-triazine small molecule blended hole transporting layer
Authors: Liu Yuyu , Yan Minming , He Fan , Zhang Weina , Wang Yunwei , Qin Ziyu , Zhang Kai , Chen Ye , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2024

By blending the HOMO darker phosphorescent small molecule TCPZ (6.13 eV) with PVK (5.70 eV) as the HTL, a low turn-on voltage of 2.90 eV and a high external quantum efficiency of 16.33% in blue CdSe/CdS/ZnS QLEDs can be achieved.
An Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Short Form of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale in Swedish: Online Versus Paper-and-Pen
Authors: Ahlberg Sandra , Brännström Jonas , Öberg Marie , Thorén Elisabet
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish short form of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) and investigate whether the paper-and-pen and online formats could be used interchangeably.

Method:

Individuals with and without hearing problems were invited to participate in this study. The participants (
N
= 125) were randomized into four groups: paper–paper, online–online, paper–online, and online–paper. All participants completed the Swedish SSQ12 twice.

Results:

Principal components analysis revealed one component. Statistical analysis revealed good psychometric properties. Administration formats were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance, which revealed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that the Swedish SSQ12 is possible to use in paper-and-pen and online formats interchangeably. The questionnaire has potential to be used by Swedish audiologists seeking to understand the individual experience of hearing loss or to evaluate hearing rehabilitation. To further understand the possible differences and to broaden the use and understanding of the SSQ12, future studies should aim to determine the minimal clinically important difference for the SSQ12.
Origin of Ca II emission around polluted white dwarfs
Authors: Fröhlich V. , Regály Zs.
Published: October 2024

Context. Dozens of white dwarfs with anomalous metal polluted atmospheres are currently known to host dust and gas discs. The line profiles of the Ca II triplet emitted by the gas discs show a significant asymmetry. In recent decades, researchers have also discovered several minor planets orbiting such white dwarf stars.

Aims. The most challenging burden of modelling gas discs around metal polluted white dwarfs is to simultaneously explain the asymmetry and metal pollution of the star’s atmosphere over a certain period of time. Furthermore, models should also be consistent with other aspects of the observations, such as the morphology of the emission lines. This paper aims to construct a self-consistent model to explain the simultaneous white dwarf pollution and Ca II line asymmetry over at least three years.

Methods. In our model, an asteroid disintegrates in an eccentric orbit, periodically entering below the star’s Roche limit. The debris resulting from the disintegration sublimates at a temperature of 1500 K, producing gas that viscously spreads to form a disc. The evolution of the disc is studied over a period of 1.2 years (over 21 000 orbits) using two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. Synthetic Ca II line profiles are calculated using the surface mass density and velocity distributions provided by the simulations, taking into account for the first time the asymmetric velocity distribution in the disc.

Results. An asteroid disintegrating on an eccentric orbit gives rise to the formation of an asymmetric disc and asymmetric Ca II triplet emission. Our model can explain the periodic reversal of the redshifted and blueshifted peak of the Ca II lines caused by the precession of the disc on timescales of 10.6–177.4 days.

Conclusions. Our work suggests that the persistence of Ca II asymmetry over decades and its periodic change in the peaks can be explained by asteroids on eccentric orbits in two scenarios. In the first case, the asteroid disrupts on a short timescale (a couple of orbits), and the gas has a low viscosity range (0.001 < α < 0.05) to maintain the Ca II signal for decades. In the other scenario, the asteroid disrupts on a timescale of a year, and the viscosity of the gas is required to be high, α = 0.1.
Chaotic magnetic disconnections trigger flux eruptions in accretion flows channeled onto magnetically saturated Kerr black holes
Authors: Nalewajko Krzysztof , Kapusta Mateusz , Janiuk Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Context. Magnetized accretion flow onto a black hole (BH) may lead to the accumulation of poloidal magnetic flux across its horizon, which for high BH spin can power far-reaching relativistic jets. The BH magnetic flux is subject to a saturation mechanism by means of magnetic flux eruptions involving relativistic magnetic reconnection. Such accretion flows have been described as magnetically arrested disks (MAD) or magnetically choked accretion flows (MCAF).

Aims. The main goal of this work is to describe the onset of relativistic reconnection and initial development of magnetic flux eruption in accretion flow onto magnetically saturated BHs.

Methods. We analyzed the results of 3D general relativistic ideal magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) numerical simulations in the Kerr metric, starting from weakly magnetized geometrically thick tori rotating either prograde or retrograde. We integrated large samples of magnetic field lines in order to probe magnetic connectivity with the BH horizon.

Results. The boundary between magnetically connected and disconnected domains coincides roughly with enthalpy equipartition. The geometrically constricted innermost part of the disconnected domain develops a rigid structure of magnetic field lines – rotating slowly and insensitive to the BH spin orientation. The typical shape of innermost disconnected lines is a double spiral converging to a sharp inner tip anchored at the single equatorial current layer. The foot-points of magnetic flux eruptions are found to zip around the BH along with other azimuthal patterns.

Conclusions. Magnetic flux eruptions from magnetically saturated accreting BHs can be triggered by minor density gaps in the disconnected domain, resulting from the chaotic disconnection of plasma-depleted magnetospheric lines. Accretion flow is effectively channeled along the disconnected lines toward the current layer, and further toward the BH by turbulent cross-field diffusion. Rotation of flux eruption foot-points may contribute to the variability of BH crescent images.
PRODIGE – envelope to disk with NOEMA
Authors: Gieser C. , Pineda J. E. , Segura-Cox D. M. , Caselli P. , Valdivia-Mena M. T. , Maureira M. J. , Hsieh T. H. , Busch L. A. , Bouscasse L. , Lopez-Sepulcre A. , Neri R. , Kuffmeier M. , Henning Th. , Semenov D. , Cunningham N. , Jimenez-Serra I.
Published: October 2024

Context. The formation of stars has been subject to extensive studies in the past decades on scales from molecular clouds to proto-planetary disks. It is still not fully understood how the surrounding material in a protostellar system, which often shows asymmetric structures with complex kinematic properties, feeds the central protostar(s) and their disk(s).

Aims. We study the spatial morphology and kinematic properties of the molecular gas surrounding the IRS3A and IRS3B protostellar systems in the L1448N region located in the Perseus molecular cloud.

Methods. We present 1 mm Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) observations of the large program PROtostars & DIsks: Global Evolution (PRODIGE). We analyzed the kinematic properties of molecular lines. Because the spectral profiles are complex, the lines were fit with up to three Gaussian velocity components. The clustering algorithm called density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) was used to disentangle the velocity components in the underlying physical structure.

Results. We discover an extended gas bridge (≈3000 au) surrounding both the IRS3A and IRS3B systems in six molecular line tracers (C18O, SO, DCN, H2CO, HC3N, and CH3OH). This gas bridge is oriented in the northeast-southwest direction and shows clear velocity gradients on the order of 100 km s−1 pc−1 toward the IRS3A system. We find that the observed velocity profile is consistent with analytical streamline models of gravitational infall toward IRS3A. The high-velocity C18O (2-1) emission toward IRS3A indicates a protostellar mass of ≈1.2 M⊙.

Conclusions. While high angular resolution continuum data often show IRS3A and IRS3B in isolation, molecular gas observations reveal that these systems are still embedded within a large-scale mass reservoir, whose spatial morphology and velocity profiles are complex. The kinematic properties of the extended gas bridge are consistent with gravitational infall toward the protostar IRS3A.
When LAMOST meets Gaia DR3
Authors: Zhang Ruyuan , Wang Guo-Jian , Lu Yuxi(Lucy) , Guo Sufen , Lucatello Sara , Fu Xiaoting , Wang Haifeng , Wang Luqian , Schiappacasse-Ulloa José , Chen Jianxing , Han Zhanwen
Published: October 2024

Context. Open clusters (OCs) are excellent probes as their age and abundance can be tightly constrained, allowing us to explore the distribution of metallicity and composition across the disk of the Milky Way. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the metallicity of OCs, we can obtain valuable information about the history of their chemical enrichment. Moreover, by observing stars in different regions of the Milky Way, we can identify significant spatial structures in their chemical composition and abundance. This enables us to understand stellar birth radii through chemical tagging. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to infer the original positions of OCs using current data alone.

Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of metallicity in the solar neighborhood using a large dataset from Gaia DR3 combined with LAMOST spectra. With accurate ages and metallicity measurements, we can determine birth radii for the stars and attempt to understand their migration pattern.

Methods. We chose a total of 1131 OCs within 3 kpc of the Sun from the Gaia DR3 and LAMOST DR8 low-resolution spectral database (R=1800). We used an artificial neural network to correct the LAMOST data by incorporating high-resolution spectral data from GALAH DR3 (R=28 000). The average metallicity of the OCs was determined based on the reliable [Fe/H] values for their members. We then examined the distribution of metallicity across different regions within the Galaxy and inferred birth radii of the OCs from their age and metallicity.

Results. The correction method presented here can partially eliminate the systematic offset for LAMOST data. We discuss the metal- licity trend as a function of Galactocentric distance and the guiding radii. We also compare these observational results with those from chemo-dynamic simulations. Values derived from observational metallicity data are slightly lower than predicted values when the uncertainties are not considered. However, the metallicity gradients are consistent with previous calculations. Finally, we investigated the birthplace of OCs and find hints that the majority of OCs near the Sun have migrated from the outer Galactic disk.
Diversities and similarities exhibited by multi-planetary systems and their architectures
Authors: Muresan Alexandra , Persson Carina M. , Fridlund Malcolm
Published: October 2024

The rich diversity of multi-planetary systems and their architectures is greatly contrasted by the uniformity exhibited within many of these systems. Previous studies have shown that compact Kepler systems tend to exhibit a peas-in-a-pod architecture: Planets in the same system tend to have similar sizes and masses and be regularly spaced in orbits with low eccentricities and small mutual inclinations. This work extends on previous research and examines a larger and more diverse sample comprising all the systems with a minimum of three confirmed planets, resulting in 282 systems and a total of 991 planets. We investigated the system architectures, focusing on the orbital spacings between adjacent planets as well as their relationships with the planets’ sizes and masses. We also quantified the similarities of the sizes, masses, and spacings of planets within each system, conducting both intra- and inter-system analyses. Our results corroborate previous research showing that planets orbiting the same star tend to be regularly spaced and that pairs of adjacent planets with radii < 1 R⊕ predominantly have orbital period ratios (PRs) smaller than two. In contrast to other studies, we identified a significant similarity of adjacent orbital spacings not only at PRs < 4 but also at 1.17 < PRs < 2662. For the systems with transiting planets, we additionally found that the reported correlation between the orbital PRs and the average sizes of adjacent planets disappears when planet pairs with R < 1 R⊕ are excluded. Furthermore, we examined the data for possible correlations between the intra-system dispersions of the orbital spacings and those of the planetary radii and masses. Our findings indicate that these dispersions are uncorrelated for the systems in which all the pairs of adjacent planets have PRs < 6, and even for the compact systems where all PRs < 2. Notably, planets in the same system can be similarly spaced even if they do not have similar masses or sizes.
Detecting the near-infrared afterglows of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts using CAGIRE
Authors: Fortin F. , Atteia J. L. , Nouvel de la Flèche A. , Valentin H. , Boulade O. , Corre D. , Turpin D. , Secroun A. , Basa S. , Dolon F. , Floriot J. , Lombardo S. , Le Borgne J. F. , Watson A. M. , Lee W. H.
Published: October 2024

Context. Transient sky astronomy is entering a new era with the advent of the Space Variable Objects Monitor mission (SVOM), successfully launched on 22 June 2024. The primary goal of SVOM is to monitor the hard X-ray sky searching for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). On top of its on-board follow-up capabilities, SVOM will be backed by its ground segment composed of several facilities, including the near-infrared (NIR) imager CAGIRE. Mounted on the robotic telescope COLIBRI, it will be a unique instrument capable of performing fast follow-up of GRB afterglows in the J and H bands, ideal for capturing high-redshift (z>6) and/or obscured GRBs.

Aims. This paper is aimed at estimating the performances of CAGIRE for GRB NIR afterglow detection based on the characteristics of the detector and the specificities of the COLIBRI telescope. Quickly fading GRB afterglows pose challenges that should be addressed by adapting observing strategies to the capabilities of CAGIRE.

Methods. We used an end-to-end image simulator to produce realistic CAGIRE images, taking into account the results from the characterisation of the ALFA detector used by CAGIRE. We implemented a GRB afterglow generator that simulates infrared light curves and spectra based on published observation of distant GRBs (z>6).

Results. We retrieved the photometry of nine GRB afterglows in various scenarios covered by CAGIRE. Capturing afterglows as early as one minutes after the burst allows for the identification of a NIR counterpart in the brightest four events. When artificially redshifted even further away, these events remain detectable by CAGIRE up to z=9.6 in the J band and z=13.3 in H band, indicating the pioneering potential of CAGIRE in identifying the most distant GRBs to date.
Probing Na in giant exoplanets with ESPRESSO and 3D NLTE stellar spectra
Authors: Canocchi G. , Morello G. , Lind K. , Carleo I. , Stangret M. , Pallé E.
Published: October 2024

Context. Neutral sodium was the first atom that was detected in an exoplanetary atmosphere using the transmission spectroscopy technique. To date, it remains the most successfully detected species due to its strong doublet in the optical at 5890 Å and 5896 Å. However, the center-to-limb variation (CLV) of these lines in the host star can bias the Na I detection. When combined with the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect, the CLV can mimic or obscure a planetary absorption feature if it is not properly accounted for.

Aims. This work aims to investigate the impact of three-dimensional (3D) radiation hydrodynamic stellar atmospheres and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer on the modeling of the CLV+RM effect in single-line transmission spectroscopy to improve the detection and characterization of exoplanet atmospheres.

Methods. We produced a grid of 3D NLTE synthetic spectra for Na I for FGK-type dwarfs within the following parameter space: Teff = 4500–6500 K, log g = 4.0–5.0, and [Fe/H] = [−0.5, 0, 0.5]. This grid was then interpolated to match the stellar parameters of four stars hosting well-known giant exoplanets, generating stellar spectra to correct for the CLV+RM effect in their transmission spectra. We used archival observations taken with the high-resolution ESPRESSO spectrograph.

Results. Our work confirms the Na I detections in three systems, namely WASP-52b, WASP-76b, and WASP-127b, also improving the accuracy of the measured absorption depth. Furthermore, we find that 3D NLTE stellar models can explain the spectral features in the transmission spectra of HD 209458b without the need for any planetary absorption. In the grid of stellar synthetic spectra, we observe that the CLV effect is stronger for stars with low Teff and high log g. However, the combined effect of CLV and RM is highly dependent on the orbital geometry of the planet-star system.

Conclusions. With the continuous improvement of instrumentation, it is crucial to use the most accurate stellar models available to correct for the CLV+RM effect in high-resolution transmission spectra to achieve the best possible characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. This will be fundamental in preparation for instruments such as ANDES at the Extremely Large Telescope to fully exploit its capabilities in the near future. We make our grid of 3D NLTE synthetic spectra for Na I publicly available.
Reassessing the proper motions of M31/M33 with Gaia DR3
Authors: Rusterucci Samuel , Martin Nicolas F. , Starkenburg Else , Ibata Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

We provide an updated inference of the proper motion of M31 using the Gaia DR3 proper motions of bright stars from the disc of M31. By refining the motion of the quasar reference frame, and statistically accounting for the variations in the inferred proper motions obtained across different regions of M31, we demonstrate that these inconsistencies most likely arise from systematic uncertainties. Our updated favoured values for the proper motion of M31 are 46.9 ± 11.7(stat) ± 50.6(sys) µas yr−1 in the right ascension direction and −29.1 ± 9.4(stat) ± 35.6(sys) µas yr−1 in the declination direction, the systematics being determined at a 90% confidence level (the values for M33 are given in the paper). This clearly highlights that the systematics are the dominant source of uncertainty, their magnitudes being comparable to the proper motion of M31 itself. The analysis conducted using Gaia DR2 instead of DR3 revealed that a net reduction in these systematic uncertainties occurred between the two data releases. If similar progress is made with the upcoming DR4, the future Gaia-based estimates could match the uncertainty level of HST, and could be used to refine the dynamics and history of M31 and M33.
Et si le nucléaire chauffait l’industrie et les réseaux urbains ?
Authors: Terminet François
Published: October 2024

Les besoins de chaleur sont rarement au centre de l’attention médiatique, bien qu’ils soient cruciaux pour les industriels et les réseaux thermiques. La priorité étant de décarboner les sources actuelles et de soutenir l’extension des infrastructures, la chaleur nucléaire peut et doit jouer un rôle essentiel.
Le nucléaire, un atout pour la décarbonation de la production de chaleur en France
Authors: Hanine Ilyas
Published: October 2024

La Sfen, dans son avis publié en juin 2024, est revenue sur le rôle que pourrait jouer l’énergie nucléaire pour répondre à l’enjeu colossal de la décarbonation de la production de chaleur.