bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestation of Tumours in Domestic Animals in Warmia and Mazury (Poland) Between 2003 and 2011
Authors: Gesek Michał , Rotkiewicz Tadeusz , Otrocka-Domagała Iwona , Paździor-Czapula Katarzyna , Kozłowska Agnieszka , Korzeniowska Patrycja , Grochowska Katarzyna , Welenc Joanna
Published: October 2014

Samples of tumours collected during necropsies or received from veterinary clinics, as well as biopsies were analysed. The analysis revealed 2259 tumours, including 1814 (80.30%) cases from dogs, followed by 295 (13.06%) cases from cats, 79 (3.50%) cases from horses, and 71 (3.14%) cases from exotic animals. Skin and subcutaneous tissue (45% of dogs and 48% of cats), and mammary gland (23% of dogs and 29% of cats) were the most common location of tumours. Malignant forms prevailed in dogs (59%), cats (66%), and horses (89%). The analysis revealed interesting facts concerning the middle age of dogs and cats with tumours present with a peak in nine-year-old dogs and 10-12-year-old cats.
Correlation Between the Concentration of Lead in the Blood of Dogs and People Living in the Same Environmental Conditions
Authors: Monkiewicz Jerzy , Rogowska Katarzyna A. , Mielnikiewicz Anna , Grosicki Andrzej
Published: October 2014

The studies, conducted between 2010 and 2012, involved 102 dogs and 505 people from Lower Silesia (LS), 104 dogs and 578 people from the Legnica - Głogów Copper Mining Region (LGCMR), and 101 dogs and 897 people from the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (USIR). A significant positive correlation between blood lead concentration (BLC) in dogs and people living in the same environment was found. Moreover, the data revealed an increase in BLC in dogs and people with the progressive aging of the body. The highest average BLC in dogs and humans were reported in the LGCMR followed by USIR and LS.
Alterations of Liver Histomorphology in Relation to Copper Supplementation in Inorganic and Organic Form in Growing Rats
Authors: Tomaszewska Ewa , Dobrowolski Piotr , Kwiecień Małgorzata , Burmańczuk Natalia , Badzian Barbara , Szymańczyk Sylwia , Kurlak Paulina
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to define the effects of diet containing the same mineral content of mineral salt or amino acid chelate, and diet containing various levels of Cu amino acid chelate on liver histomorphometry in growing rats. Male Wistar rats were used in the 12th week experiment. The control group (n = 12) was fed standard diet, which provided Cu in an inorganic form at the level required for rats. The experimental animals were divided into four groups (each n = 12) depending on different levels (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% covered daily demand) of Cu supplementation in chelated form. Cu content was determined in the liver tissue and blood plasma. Immunohistochemical staining with caspase-3 antibody was performed. Microscopic assessment of the liver structure indicated that Cu supplementation did not change the liver architecture. However, histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of nuclei, total cell number, and multinucleated hepatocytes in rats supplemented with the organic form of Cu at the level of 25% compared with the control group. There was a considerable increase in the number of apoptotic cells and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, especially in groups supplemented with organic form of Cu covering the daily demand in 100% and 75%, in comparison to control group. Moreover, there was no Cu deposition in the liver and changes in Cu content in blood. Cu provided in the diet in organic form covering an amount of its minimum daily demand in 25% appears to be the least harmful with regard to the liver. It indicates that there is a need to establish the level of diet supplementation with Cu amino acid chelates.
Fiscal Policy in the EU Countries Most Affected by the Crisis: Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain
Authors: Krajewska Anna
Published: October 2014

The global financial crisis which began in 2007-2008 had a negative effect on the economy of the European Union, mainly in selected countries of the euro area: Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. These peripheral euro zone countries come out of recession and the financial crisis largely due to the great financial support of the international institutions. Hundreds of billions of euro were spent to save these economies. At the same time, however, these countries were characterized by the lowest level of fiscal policy - measured by share of taxes in GDP - among the countries of the euro area. In this paper I will try to answer the following questions:1. What were the causes of the downturn in those countries, and what restructuring actions were taken;2. What changes were introduced in the tax system under the policy to repair public finances;3 .How have these changes affected the level and the structure of budget revenues from taxes, and to what extent has the crisis affected the change in the tax burden on consumption, labour, and capital.
The Structure of Unemployment in Poland and the European Union Between 2000 and 2012
Authors: Kwiatkowska Walentyna
Published: October 2014

This paper has two main objectives. The first is to show changes in the levels of unemployment and unemployment rates in Poland and other European Union countries and to explain why the Polish rates are relatively high. The second is to analyse the structure of unemployment by gender, age, levels of education, and duration of unemployment. In order to assess the Polish unemployment structure it is compared with the analogous structures in the other European Union countries.

The analysis will indicate the groups of the labour force with high risk of unemployment. Among the groups of high risk of unemployment are women, youth, people with low skills, and the long-term unemployed.
Filtracja Z Utworzeniem Osadu o Małej Ściśliwości Na Siatce Filtracyjnej
Authors: Piecuch Tadeusz , Piekarski Jacek , Malatyñska Grażyna
Published: October 2014

Streszczenie

Publikacja przedstawia metodê określenia koñcowych równañ procesu filtracji przy stałym prze-pływie V/t dla różnych wartości współczynnika ściśliwości sO równym odpowiednio 1/4, 1/5 oraz 1/6. Tym współczynnikom ściśliwości odpowiadają koñcowe równania filtracji według zapisów 28, 35 oraz 42. Odnośne koñcowe równania filtracji zostały wyprowadzone na podstawie ogólnego równania filtracji według zapisu 3 dla szczególnego przypadku stałego przepływu według zapisu 6.

Ogólnie równanie filtracji według zapisu 3, wyprowadzone z ogólnego równania Darcy'ego przepływu płynu przez warstwê porowatą (Ciborowski 1965; Dahlstrom i Nickolaus 1956; Hertjess 1948; Hertjess i Haas 1949; Le Lec 1962; Palica i in. 2008; Rodziewicz i in. 2011; Wiśniewski i in. 2013) według zapisu 1 zostało dla przekształconej postaci w zapisie 6 rozwiązane przy założeniu, że wystêpujące w mianowniku ciśnienie jest ciśnieniem motorycznym procesu, a wiêc tym samym ciśnieniem do którego odnosi siê licznik w równaniu wyjściowym według zapisu 3 - to jest określone nowe podejście w analizie teoretycznej procesu, które zostało przedstawione już w innych wcześ-niejszych publikacjach m.in. (Piecuch i in. 2013; Piecuch 2009, 2010).

Niniejsza publikacja jest kontynuacją rozważañ przedstawionych w pracy (Piecuch i in. 2013), w której wyprowadzono równania filtracji o stałym przepływie dla osadu o dużej ściśliwości, a wiêc takiej dla której współczynnik ściśliwości sO wyniósł odpowiednio 1/2, 1/3 oraz 2/3.

Przeprowadzona analiza teoretyczna wskazuje, że nie można sformułowaæ jednego uniwersal-nego równania filtracji, w którym wystêpuje jako parametr współczynnik ściśliwości sO i za ten współczynnik do takiego jednego równania można podstawiaæ liczbową wartośæ tego współczynnika i wyliczaæ przepływ medium w tym procesie. Dla każdej nowej wartości współczynnika ściśliwości sO trzeba wyprowadziæ dla takiego szczególnego przypadku nowe równanie filtracji, jak tu przykładowo przedstawione koñcowe równania w zapisie 28, 35 oraz 42.

W praktyce inżynierskiej tego typu filtracjê mieszanin przez siatkê filtracyjną można spotkaæ w filtrach próżniowych lub ciśnieniowych w zakładach przeróbki mechanicznej kopalñ wêgla lub rud w obiegach wodno-mułowych (Palica i in. 2007, 2009, 2010a, 2010b; Palica i Kocurek 2001, 2003; Piecuch 2010; Sówka i Piecuch 1974).
Badanie Suszenia Słomy I Wêgla Brunatnego W Suszarce Multicyklonowej
Authors: Dzik Tomasz , Czerski Grzegorz
Published: October 2014

Streszczenie

Proces suszenia jest niezbêdnym elementem podczas wytwarzania paliw kompozytowych z bio-masy i wêgla. Omawiana suszarka multicyklonowa jest oryginalnym rozwiązaniem konstrukcyjnym opracowanym i opatentowanym przez AGH, które może byæ wykorzystane w trakcie przygotowanie surowca do procesu scalania. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów suszenia rozdrobnionej słomy i wêgla brunatnego w doświadczalnej suszarce multicyklonowej oraz rezultaty obliczeñ symu-lacyjnych jej pracy. Do utworzenia modelu numerycznego CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) procesu suszenia w suszarce multicyklonowej wykorzystano oprogramowanie ANSYS Fluent. Dziêki modelowaniu numerycznemu CFD uzyskano informacje na temat pracy i funkcjonowania wymie-nionej suszarki. Zaprezentowano szereg uzyskanych w trakcie obliczeñ rezultatów, tj.: temperatury i zawartości wilgoci dla surowca i gazu suszącego, zmianê zawartości wilgoci surowca na posz-czególnych stopniach suszarki, wpływ uziarnienia paliwa na stopieñ jego odparowania, rozkłady najważniejszych parametrów pracy suszarki dla gazu do suszenia i suszonych ziaren oraz czas przebywania surowca w poszczególnych stopniach suszarki. Ponadto wyznaczono współczynnik wymiany ciepła w suszarce multicyklonowej, który wynosi do 250 W/(m2K). Przeprowadzone próby na stanowisku doświadczalnym suszenia biomasy i wêgla brunatnego oraz obliczenia symulacyjne potwierdziły słusznośæ przyjêtej koncepcji suszenia z wykorzystaniem cyklonów w układzie szere-gowym. Suszarka wykazała zdolnośæ do obniżenia o 15% wilgoci w słomie przy zastosowaniu niskiej temperatury suszenia, tj. 170°C dla zastêpczego rozmiaru ziarna 1,5 mm. W przypadku suszenia rozdrobnionego wêgla brunatnego dla rozmiaru zastêpczego ziarna 0,5 mm, ilośæ wilgoci zmniej-szyła siê o 21%. Badana suszarka multicyklonowa wykazała dużą dynamikê procesu suszenia, która wynosi 3%/s w przypadku suszenia rozdrobnionej słomy i 4%/s dla rozdrobnionego wêgla brunatnego.
Nanosilver: A Catalyst in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Starch
Authors: Falkowska Marta , Molga Eugeniusz J.
Published: October 2014

Silver nanoparticles are widely used, because of their antimicrobial properties. In this paper, the rate of starch digestion in the presence of nanocatalyst was compared with the rate of reaction without nanosilver. The rate of enzymatic degradation of starch was found to be increased in the presence of silver nanoparticles. It is considered that α-amylase was immobilized onto the surface of nanoparticles.
Complex time management in databases
Authors: Kvet Michal , Matiaško Karol , Kvet Marek
Published: October 2014

Temporal database is an extension of the concept of standard databases which process only current valid data. Temporal structure is not based only on managing historical data, but it should also model the data, the validity of which will be in the future in special structures. This paper deals with the temporal structure on object level in comparison with the column level temporal data. It describes the principles, required methods, procedures, functions and triggers to provide the functionality of this system. It also defines the possible implementations and offers the solution to get the snapshot of the database or the object whenever during the existence. The reason for column level solution development is based on the heterogeneity of the attributes time. Some attributes, however, do not change their values over the time or are updated very rarely, and therefore it is not necessary to record the new values for these attributes.
DSL-driven generation of Graphical User Interfaces
Authors: Bačíková Michaela , Porubän Jaroslav
Published: October 2014

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are becoming more and more popular. However, the number of DSLs is still small when comparing to the number of existing applications. The results of our previous research showed that it is possible to speed up the DSL development process by aiding the first development phases (design and implementation). More specifically it is possible to generate DSLs from existing GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces) of component-based applications. Now we want to use the generated DSLs and their models to generate new user interfaces or even whole new applications. To verify this claim, in this paper we use existing technologies which simplify the creation of web applications: iTasks. We also describe stereotypes of creating GUIs which we used to extract data from existing applications and to generate new applications. In the last part of this paper we limit the types of applications, which can be used for extraction based on our experiments with the prototype.
Question of Consciousness: to Quantum Mechanics for the Answers
Authors: Karpenko Ivan A.
Published: October 2014

The article presents the possible role of consciousness in quantum-mechanical description of physical reality. The widely spread interpretations of quantum phenomena are considered as indicating the apparent connection between conscious processes (such as observation) and the properties of the microcosm. The reasons for discrepancies between the results of observations of the microcosm and macrocosm and the potential association of consciousness with these reasons are closely investigated. The mentioned connection is meant to be interpreted in the sense that the probable requirement for a complete understanding of quantum theory is the adequate description of consciousness within it and that the correct theory of consciousness should include quantum-mechanical theoretical apparatus. In this context, the question about the methods of scientific cognition is discussed, in particular, the problem of the place and the importance of intellectual intuition in science and philosophy of science. The author draws the conclusions about the current state of the “measuring” consciousness. problem in its relationship with
Fibular Malalignment in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Kobayashi Takumi , Suzuki Eiichi , Yamazaki Naohito , Suzukawa Makoto , Akaike Atsushi , Shimizu Kuniaki , Gamada Kazuyoshi
Published: October 2014

Study Design

Case series.

Objectives

To determine whether abnormal fibular alignment is present in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) using 3-D analysis of computed tomography (CT)-based bone models.

Background

A positional difference of the distal fibula in individuals with unilateral CAI, when compared to the contralateral side, has been suggested. However, previous studies report no consistent pattern of fibular malalignment in the anteroposterior direction and, to our knowledge, no study has investigated mediolateral malalignment.

Methods

Seventeen males with unilateral CAI (mean ± SD age, 21.0 ± 2.4 years) and no history of injury in the contralateral side were enrolled. Geometric bone models of the tibia and fibula were created from non-weight-bearing CT images, and anatomical coordinate systems were embedded in the tibia model. Bilateral tibiae were superimposed using a best-fit algorithm that moved the tibia to the position of best congruity, and the amount of side-to-side difference in position of the fibulae was measured. The anteroposterior and mediolateral positional difference of the fibula of the ankle with CAI relative to the contralateral ankle, for the distal 10 cm of the fibula length, was determined using a color-coded map.

Results

The fibula of the ankle with CAI was significantly more lateral (0.57–0.68 mm) than that of the contralateral healthy ankle at all reference points from distal 10 cm to the lateral malleolus. There was no significant difference in anteroposterior position between the healthy ankles and those with CAI.

Conclusion

This study detected malalignment of the distal fibula in ankles with CAI in a non-weight-bearing position. The fibula of the ankles with CAI had a significantly more lateral position than that of the healthy ankles, which may contribute to recurrent lateral ankle sprain or giving-way episodes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(11):872–878. Epub 9 October 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5217
Do you have 5 minutes to spare? -The challenges of stakeholder processes in ecosystem services studies
Authors: Koschke Lars , Van der Meulen Suzanne , Frank Susanne , Schneidergruber Anna , Kruse Marion , Fürst Christine , Neubert Esther , Ohnesorge Bettina , Schröder Claudia , Müller Felix , Bastian Olaf
Published: October 2014

Operationalization of the ecosystem services (ES) concept for improved natural resource management and decision support cannot, thus far, be rated as satisfactory. Participation of stakeholders is still a major methodical and conceptual challenge for implementing ES. Therefore, we conducted an online survey and a literature analysis to identify benefits and challenges of the application of ES in participatory processes. The results show that the purpose of stakeholder engagement is very diverse as a result of varying objectives, spatial scales and institutional levels of analysis. The complexity, terminology and (lacking) coherent classification of ES are pivotal aspects that should be accounted for in the design of studies to improve stakeholder participation. Although limitations of time and financial resources are bigger challenges than ES related ones, tailoring communication strategies and information for different stakeholder groups are of major importance for the success of ES studies. Results support the view that the potential benefits of applying ES, e.g., consensus finding, and development of integrated solutions, cannot be realized consistently across the different spatial scales and decision-making levels. Focusing on stakeholder processes represents a means to increase the relevance, reliability and impact of study results and to move participation in ES research from theory to reality.
Uncertainties in Antarctic sea-ice thickness retrieval from ICESat
Authors: Kern Stefan , Spreen Gunnar
Published: October 2014

A sensitivity study was carried out for the lowest-level elevation method to retrieve total (sea ice + snow) freeboard from Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) elevation measurements in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Varying the percentage (P) of elevations used to approximate the instantaneous sea-surface height can cause widespread changes of a few to ˃10cm in the total freeboard obtained. Other input parameters have a smaller influence on the overall mean total freeboard but can cause large regional differences. These results, together with published ICESat elevation precision and accuracy, suggest that three times the mean per gridcell single-laser-shot error budget can be used as an estimate for freeboard uncertainty. Theoretical relative ice thickness uncertainty ranges between 20% and 80% for typical freeboard and snow properties. Ice thickness is computed from total freeboard using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) snow depth data. Average ice thickness for the Weddell Sea is 1.73 ± 0.38 m for ICESat measurements from 2004 to 2006, in agreement with previous work. The mean uncertainty is 0.72 ± 0.09 m. Our comparison with data of an alternative approach, which assumes that sea-ice freeboard is zero and that total freeboard equals snow depth, reveals an average sea-ice thickness difference of ∼0.77m.
High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry Applied to Structural Genomics
Authors: Chalk Rod , Berridge Georgina , Shrestha Leela , Strain-Damerell Claire , Mahajan Pravin , Yue Wyatt , Gileadi Opher , Burgess-Brown Nicola
Published: October 2014

Mass spectrometry (MS) remains under-utilized for the analysis of expressed proteins because it is inaccessible to the non-specialist, and sample-turnaround from service labs is slow. Here, we describe 3.5 min Liquid-Chromatography (LC)-MS and 16 min LC-MSMS methods which are tailored to validation and characterization of recombinant proteins in a high throughput structural biology pipeline. We illustrate the type and scope of MS data typically obtained from a 96-well expression and purification test for both soluble and integral membrane proteins (IMPs), and describe their utility in the selection of constructs for scale-up structural work, leading to cost and efficiency savings. We propose that value of MS data lies in how quickly it becomes available and that this can fundamentally change the way in which it is used.
TPX2 Is a Prognostic Marker and Contributes to Growth and Metastasis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yuqi , Guo Wenbin , Kan Heping
Published: October 2014

Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2), a microtubule-associated protein, impacts spindle assembly in human cells. Several studies have demonstrated that TPX2 is overexpressed in different types of human cancers and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we found that the expression level of TPX2 was obviously higher in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues than in matched nontumor tissues. Elevated expressions of TPX2 mRNA were observed in all HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-7721, Bel-7402 and Huh7) as compared with that in a non-transformed hepatic cell line (LO2). Clinical analysis indicated that the positive expression of TPX2 was significantly correlated with venous infiltration, high Edmondson-Steiner grading and advanced TNM tumor stage in HCC. Furthermore, TPX2 was a novel prognostic marker for predicting 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC patients. In vitro studies found that TPX2 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and viability in both Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Moreover, TPX2 knockdown obviously slowed down tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. Otherwise, TPX2 knockdown prominently suppressed HCC cell invasion and migration. In conclusion, these results indicate that TPX2 may serve as a prognostic marker and promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC.
The Impact of Social Networks and Mobile Technologies on the Revolutions in the Arab World—A Study of Egypt and Tunisia
Authors: Maurushat Alana , Chawki Mohamed , Al-Alosi Hadeel , El Shazly Yassin
Published: October 2014

Revolts in Tunisia and Egypt have led many observers to speak of the “first digital revolution” in the Arab world. Social media sites, such as Twitter and Facebook, are now recognised as the important tools that facilitated the “Jasmine Revolution”. In fact, the willingness of the Mubarak government to block all internet connection in Egypt has demonstrated the concern over the power of new technologies in facilitating political change. The tenacity of the social movements that are still on-going in the Arab world continues to demonstrate the important role that networked technologies—such as the internet, satellite channels and social networking sites—play in revolutions. The revolutions demonstrate an effective use of social media and other network technologies as an organisational tool, and as a means of asserting pressure on current rulers and future governments. Accordingly, this article seeks to expose freedom of expression as a fundamental democratic principle and the internet network as a vehicle driving the demonstrations in the Arab countries of Tunisia and Egypt.
Electro-Acupuncture at Neiguan Pretreatment Alters Genome-Wide Gene Expressions and Protects Rat Myocardium against Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Huang Yan , Lu Sheng-Feng , Hu Chen-Jun , Fu Shu-Ping , Shen Wei-Xing , Liu Wan-Xin , Li Qian , Wang Ning , He Su-Yun , Liang Fan-Rong , Zhu Bing-Mei
Published: October 2014

This study investigated genome-wide gene expressions and the cardioprotective effects of electro-acupuncture pretreatment at the PC6 Neiguan acupoint on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (SO), I/R, electro-acupuncture at the PC6 Neiguan acupoint pretreatment (EA) and electro-acupuncture at non-acupoint pretreatment (NA). Compared with the I/R group, the survival rate of the EA group was significantly increased, the arrhythmia score, infarction area, serum concentrations of CK, LDH and CK-Mb and plasma level of cTnT were significantly decreased. RNA-seq results showed that 725 genes were up-regulated and 861 genes were down-regulated under I/R conditions compared to the SO group; both EA and NA reversed some of these gene expression levels (592 in EA and 238 in NA group). KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these genes were involved in multiple pathways, including ECM, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, cytokine and leukocyte pathways. In addition, some pathways were uniquely regulated by EA, but not NA pretreatment, such as oxidative stress, cardiac muscle contraction, gap junction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, hypertrophic, NOD-like receptor, and P53 and B-cell receptor pathways. This study was first to reveal the gene expression signatures of acute myocardial I/R injury and electro-acupuncture pretreatment in rats.
Estimating Orientation Using Magnetic and Inertial Sensors and Different Sensor Fusion Approaches: Accuracy Assessment in Manual and Locomotion Tasks
Authors: Bergamini Elena , Ligorio Gabriele , Summa Aurora , Vannozzi Giuseppe , Cappozzo Aurelio , Sabatini Angelo
Published: October 2014

Magnetic and inertial measurement units are an emerging technology to obtain 3D orientation of body segments in human movement analysis. In this respect, sensor fusion is used to limit the drift errors resulting from the gyroscope data integration by exploiting accelerometer and magnetic aiding sensors. The present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of sensor fusion methods under different experimental conditions. Manual and locomotion tasks, differing in time duration, measurement volume, presence/absence of static phases, and out-of-plane movements, were performed by six subjects, and recorded by one unit located on the forearm or the lower trunk, respectively. Two sensor fusion methods, representative of the stochastic (Extended Kalman Filter) and complementary (Non-linear observer) filtering, were selected, and their accuracy was assessed in terms of attitude (pitch and roll angles) and heading (yaw angle) errors using stereophotogrammetric data as a reference. The sensor fusion approaches provided significantly more accurate results than gyroscope data integration. Accuracy improved mostly for heading and when the movement exhibited stationary phases, evenly distributed 3D rotations, it occurred in a small volume, and its duration was greater than approximately 20 s. These results were independent from the specific sensor fusion method used. Practice guidelines for improving the outcome accuracy are provided.
Protecting Children and Adolescents in Uruguay: Civil Society’s Role in Policy Reform
Authors: Risley Amy
Published: October 2014

This article analyzes the advocacy efforts of civil societal actors in Uruguay who have sought to promote the rights of children. I discuss the strategies that members of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) used to achieve a greater presence in debates leading to significant policy changes in the area of child protection. Child advocates achieved relatively high levels of political mobilization and influence throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. The analysis focuses on their multi-year campaign to reform the Children’s Code of 1934, which culminated in the adoption of a new Code of Childhood and Adolescence in 2004. I argue that two variables help explain their participation in policy making: effective issue framing and successful alliance building.
Uncommon Case of Brain Metastasis in a Patient with a History of Heavy Smoking
Authors: Scharl M. , Bode B. , Rushing E. , Knuth A. , Rordorf T.
Published: October 2014

Primary sarcomas of the aorta are extremely uncommon. Depending on histomorphology and immunohistochemical pattern, intimal sarcomas can show angiosarcomatous differentiation. Here, we describe the case of a 60-year-old woman with a primary intimal sarcoma of the aortic arch and signs of cerebral metastatic disease as the initial manifestation. After the patient experienced the onset of severe headaches, ataxia, and left-sided weakness, magnetic resonance imaging showed several brain lesions. Histologic assessment of a brain biopsy specimen revealed a malignant tumour composed of large pleomorphic cells that were positive for pancytokeratin and CD10. Radiation to the brain did not significantly improve the patient’s symptoms, and cranial computed tomography (ct) imaging revealed several metastases, indicating lack of response. Because of the patient’s smoking history, the presence of central nervous system and skeletal metastases on combined positron-emission tomography and ct imaging, and the focal pan-cytokeratin positivity of the tumour, carcinoma of the lung was favoured as the primary tumour. Despite chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide, the patient’s neurologic symptoms and general condition deteriorated rapidly, and she died within a few days. At autopsy, an undifferentiated intimal sarcoma of the aortic arch was diagnosed. The primary tumour in the aorta consisted of large pleomorphic cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of the aortic tumour and brain metastases demonstrated diffuse positivity for vimentin and p53 and focal S-100 staining. In summary, we report a challenging case of advanced intimal sarcoma of the aortic arch with brain and bone metastases at initial presentation. Our report demonstrates the difficulties in diagnosing and treating this disease, and the need for multicentre studies to accrue more patients for investigations of optimal therapy.
Population-Based Utilization of Radiation Therapy by a Canadian Breast Cancer Cohort
Authors: Mittmann N. , Seung S.J. , Liu N. , Porter J. , Saskin R. , Hoch J.S. , Evans W.K. , Leighl N.B. , Trudeau M. , Earle C.C.
Published: October 2014

We examined trends in radiation therapy (RT) utilization by a population-based breast cancer cohort in Ontario. The provincial cancer registry provided a breast cancer cohort based on diagnosis dates from April 1, 2005, to March 31, 2010. Staging information was also available. The cohort was then linked, by encrypted health card number, to linkable administrative datasets, including RT utilization. The average age in the identified female breast cancer cohort (n = 39,656) was 61.6 ± 14.0 years. Almost two thirds of the patients (n = 25,225) received RT, and staging information was available for 22,988 patients (9541 stage I, 8516 stage II, 4050 stage III, and 881 stage IV). The average number of RT courses received by the patients was 1.4 ± 0.7 for stage I, 1.8 ± 1.1 for stage II, 2.5 ± 1.3 for stage III, and 2.8 ± 2.4 for stage IV. The ratio of conventional RT to intensity-modulated RT was 70.9%:16.6% for stage I, 71.6%:11.3% for stage II, 74.6%:4.6% for stage III, and 89.6%:2.2% for stage IV. From 2005 to 2010, almost two thirds of a Canadian female breast cancer cohort received RT, and the average number of courses increased with disease severity. A similar trend was observed with the type of RT (use of conventional RT increased with disease severity). The next step is to apply unit costs to the number of fractions and to obtain RT planning and radiation therapist times.
Creativity in Hospitality Industry: Study of Hostels in St. Petersburg
Authors: Borovskaya Irina , Dedova Mariya
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study is to explore dimensions of creativity in hostels managerial practices taking the example of St. Petersburg. Within the study 72 semi-structured interviews were conducted with owners and employees of hostels during October–November 2012. The findings of the study identify four main managerial activities as key elements of creativity in hostels. They are: targeted recruitment, segmentation of customers, organization of space, and organization of communications both with internal and external stakeholders.
Aggregate Demand Model for Theatre in Lithuania
Authors: Kregždaitė Rusnė
Published: October 2014

The aim of this article is to analyse aggregate demand for theatre which is the demand for the whole theatre sector described by the box office performance. In reference to foreign authors’ models a demand model for theatre in Lithuania was created which allows to analyse the relations between theatre demand and social or economical structure. The econometric models with time series model expression were used. Proposed methods could be applied to the analysis of the other sectors of cultural and creative industries.
Disperser les ménages
Authors: François Camille
Published: October 2014

La mise en place en 2003 de l’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) a définitivement promu la démolition au rang d’instrument légitime et systématique d’intervention sur les quartiers d’habitat social anciennement ciblés par la politique de la ville. Les travaux qui lui ont jusqu’ici été consacrés accordent cependant peu de place à l’observation des procédures et des pratiques de relogement par lesquels elle s’opère concrètement, et ne peuvent de ce fait explorer la manière dont se mobilisent, se renégocient et s’imposent les formes collectives de cohabitation familiale et résidentielle au cours et à l’issue des opérations. Fruit d’une enquête menée auprès du service relogement d’un important bailleur social de la banlieue parisienne, l’article se propose d’analyser la manière dont la dispersion des ménages des grands ensembles à laquelle aboutit la rénovation affecte les territoires et les pratiques de l’entresoi des groupes d’habitation relogés, et d’établir ainsi les apports d’un recours à l’observation des pratiques institutionnelles et familiales entourant le relogement pour la saisie des effets sociaux de la politique de démolition.
8. Le monde universitaire, un laboratoire d'analyse des différences d'avancement de carrière des hommes et des femmes
Authors: Bosquet Clément , Combes Pierre-Philippe , García-Peñalosa Cecilia , Ben Yahmed Sarra , Dufour Camille
Published: October 2014

En se concentrant sur le milieu académique français, les auteurs cherchent à expliquer la sous-représentation des femmes dans les postes se situant au sommet de la hiérarchie. Trois hypothèses sont testées : la discrimination à l’encontre des femmes dans le processus de promotion, les différences de comportement en situation de compétition et les moindres performances des femmes aux épreuves de concours. Les auteurs exploitent une base de données riche qui renseigne les caractéristiques des candidats, potentiels et effectifs, et les résultats des épreuves. Ils démontrent ainsi que les femmes ont une moindre probabilité de se présenter à ces concours de promotion. Il reste à savoir si cette attitude est due à un manque de confiance ou si c’est le résultat de l’anticipation rationnelle d’une discrimination de la part des femmes.
Mes copains, ces héros
Authors: Buisson-Fenet Hélène , Buisson-Fenet Emmanuel
Published: October 2014

Résumé Depuis Marius et Jeannette , le grand public a découvert, chez Robert Guédiguian, un cinéaste tranquillement acharné à décrire la vie ouvrière, à écrire l’odyssée du quartier de l’Estaque. On sait aussi que son œuvre est inséparable d’un petit groupe d’amis, présent derrière comme devant la caméra : communauté de travail, à mille lieues des clichés sur « la grande famille du cinéma ». Mais comment nouer ensemble un propos politique, un désir de fiction et les liens de l’amitié ? Il faudrait inventer un verbe : époper. Et le dire avec l’accent du Sud.
Un chant pour seul territoire
Authors: Chottin Ariane
Published: October 2014

Résumé Les blizzards soufflent sans trêve ; ils balaient l’Antarctique. Ils peuvent atteindre 250 km heure et charrier des blocs de glace. Les bises katabatiques déferlent de la calotte glaciaire. La température oscille entre -30° et -50°. Il fait nuit. La silhouette des manchots empereurs, debout, serrés les uns contre les autres par milliers, presque immobiles, dessine une masse sombre sur la banquise. Ils tournent le dos au vent, ploient leurs têtes, le bec calé sur le jabot...
Revenu garanti pour tous avec ou sans emploi, trois arguments
Authors: Revel Jeanne , Guilloteau Laurent
Published: October 2014

Résumé Les luttes des chômeurs et précaires de l’hiver 1997-1998 ont placé au cœur du débat public la revendication d’un revenu garanti. L’augmentation massive (1500 FF) des minimasociaux, l’ouverture d’un droit au revenu pour les jeunes, l’exigence de l’attribution d’aides financières d’urgence (la "prime de Noël" des chômeurs marseillais), ont été les formes prises par cette revendication. Résultats du conflit, 600 000 aides d’urgence versées, l’ASS (Allocation de Solidarité Spécifique), l’AI (Allocation (...)
Heiner Müller
Authors: Bonnaud Irène
Published: October 2014

Résumé Les pièces écrites par Heiner Müller entre 1955 et 1965 sont encore pratiquement inconnues en France. On comprend vaguement pourquoi : les premières années de la RDA paraissent désormais plongées dans le même brouillard opaque que la guerre des deux roses chez Shakespeare. Et pourtant ce n’est pas par simple souci archéologique que le Berliner Ensemble a fermé ses portes le 30 avril dernier sur une représentation des Paysans : les premières pièces de Müller sont les plus beaux textes du théâtre allemand de l’après-guerre - ceux que Brecht, par prudence ou par fatigue, a renoncé à écrire. Inventaire et morceaux choisis.
Par morceaux entiers
Authors: Rouabhi Mohamed
Published: October 2014

Résumé VACARME a proposé à Mohamed Rouabhi, auteur dramatique (Les acharnés, 1994 ; Les nouveaux bâtisseurs, 1997), de suivre son travail dans le cadre du projet de collaboration artistique qui relie Épinay-Sur-Seine à Ramallah, ville autonome de la Palestine. Un premier chapitre de cette aventure, intitulé « L’écriture avant Ramallah », figurait dans la rubrique Minorités du n°8 de VACARME, consacrée aux Exils en Palestine. C’est la rubrique Processus qui accueille cette fois Mohamed Rouabhi après son premier long séjour à Ramallah, où il a animé des ateliers d’écriture.
Marnie
Authors: Desrousseaux Christine
Published: October 2014

Résumé Marnie Louise a vingt-six ans. Depuis cinq ans, elle dresse des tigres. Chaque jour, sur la piste du cirque, elle fait face à sept fauves adultes (panthera tigris de la famille des félidés) qui doivent peser chacun dans les 250 kg. C’est une jeune femme brune, de taille moyenne. Son regard direct, d’une intense couleur vert émeraude, vous fixe avec une certaine réserve mais sans arrière-pensées. Marnie Louise est belle. Elle accepte dans un sourire d’être interviewée par une néophyte qui n’a même (...)
Managing Cervical Lymphadenitis—A Total Pain in the Neck!
Authors: Block Stan L.
Published: October 2014

Patients presenting with cervical lymphadenitis are a complex and common occurrence in a general pediatric practice. Although
Staphylococcus aureus
(often methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
[MRSA]) and
Streptococcus pyogenes
predominate as causative pathogens, the next most common pathogens,
Bartonella
, atypical mycobacterium, and mononucleosis, also must be considered early on. The best way to diagnose and manage these cases initially is to proceed methodically, with detailed history and physical examination, initial streptococcal mono rapid tests, serial office visits, and complete blood counts. In nonviral cases, an empiric oral antibiotic trial is usually prescribed as early as possible to cover for MRSA or Bartonella. Very tender or reddened lymph nodes larger than 5 cm that are unresponsive and worsening may likely require inpatient parenteral antibiotics and sometimes surgical removal. The practitioner must also realize that submandibular and supraclavicular node locations are highly suggestive of atypical mycombacterium and cancer, respectively.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2014;43(10):390–396.]
Measurement of Pupil Center Shift in Refractive Surgery Candidates With Caucasian Eyes Using Infrared Pupillometry
Authors: Mabed Imene Salah , Saad Alain , Guilbert Emmanuel , Gatinel Damien
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the effectiveness of the pupil center shift with changes in the state of pupil size and with other ocular variables.

METHODS:

Dynamic pupillometry with the Topolyzer Vario (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) was performed in 248 eyes of 124 patients scheduled for corneal laser refractive surgery. High-resolution images were obtained using the infrared-sensitive camera (incorporated in the videokeratoscope) under mesopic and photopic conditions. Measurements of pupil diameters, distance between the pupil center and keratoscopic axis, and spatial shift of the pupil center were obtained after analysis.

RESULTS:

The mean distance between the pupil center and the corneal vertex in mesopic and photopic conditions of illumination in myopic eyes was 0.27 ± 0.14 (range: 0.02 to 0.70 mm) and 0.24 ± 0.12 mm (range: 0.06 to 0.65 mm), respectively, whereas it was 0.36 ± 0.15 (range: 0.03 to 0.70 mm) and 0.31 ± 0.16 mm (range: 0.03 to 0.77 mm) in hyperopic eyes, respectively. The mean spatial pupil center shift was significant: 0.11 ± 0.07 mm (range: 0.02 to 0.57 mm) in myopic eyes and 0.12 ± 0.09 mm (range: 0.02 to 0.47 mm) in hyperopic eyes. The pupil center shifted consistently temporally as the pupil dilated. The pupil center shift was not significantly related to sex, age, eye (right or left), or refractive error.

CONCLUSIONS:

The mean distance between the pupil center and the corneal vertex is greater in hyperopic eyes than in myopic eyes, whereas the spatial shift of this pupil center has a temporal direction as the pupil dilates and is constantly small in all groups. However, pupil center shift can be important in a few patients.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(10):694–700.]
Keratitis after Corneal Projection of Biological Fluids: A Possible Occupational Prejudice?
Authors: Darouiche Mounira Hajjaji , Baccari Taoufik , Hammami Kaouthar Jmal , Triki Lotfi , Masmoudi Med Larbi
Published: October 2014

This article describes a case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis resulting from projection of biological fluids (bronchial secretions) on the face, mainly in the right eye. The employee presented with keratitis complicated by a corneal abscess. Consequently, the employee had a chronic and severe ocular surface and stoma destruction, possibly due to microbial proliferation into the surface tissues exacerbated by contact lenses. The infection was determined to be work related by experts.
Lifestyles and Mobile Services Adoption in China
Authors: Gao Shang , Krogstie John , Chen Zhihao , Zhou Wenyan
Published: October 2014

Along with the popularity of mobile devices and advances in wireless technology, mobile services have become more and more prevalent. To the best of knowledge, despite the potential importance of lifestyle, little research has been performed on the effect of various lifestyle factors on mobile services diffusion, particularly in the Chinese context. This study examines the relationship between the lifestyles of Chinese consumers and the adoption of mobile services. Based on a sample of 313 respondents from the biggest city in central China, one can show that consumers with different lifestyles have different preferences related to a number of the identified mobile services. Furthermore, Chinese consumers are clustered into four lifestyle segments by two dimensions: the quality-awareness fashionable dimension and the economical dimension. The findings demonstrate that the quality-awareness fashionable dimension has stronger impact than the economical dimension toward the adoption of all the five types of mobile services.
Participatory Mapping Approaches to Coordinate the Emergency Response of Spontaneous Volunteers After Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Wridt Pamela , Seley John E. , Fisher Scott , DuBois Bryce
Published: October 2014

This article demonstrates the potential of participatory mapping approaches to coordinate spontaneous volunteers and assist government agencies and humanitarian organizations in emergency contexts. The research focuses on one case study of a volunteer mapping project in the Rockaways in New York City to help communicate the needs reported by community members to outsiders after Hurricane Sandy. The map proved to be helpful in the coordination of relief efforts by volunteers and in understanding the variety of groups involved in emergency response. However, the map could not be sustained for long-term community recovery. The research offers new evidence of the potential contributions of spontaneous volunteers that can be leveraged, replicated and improved upon for future disaster planning and response. It also highlights the importance of volunteered geographic information in ensuring that emergency response is guided by the needs reported by citizens themselves, even if they do not have access to technology.
Comparison of Tied-Mixture and State-Clustered HMMs with Respect to Recognition Performance and Training Method
Authors: Segi Hiroyuki , Onoe Kazuo , Sato Shoei , Kobayashi Akio , Ando Akio
Published: October 2014

Tied-mixture HMMs have been proposed as the acoustic model for large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition and have yielded promising results. They share base-distribution and provide more flexibility in choosing the degree of tying than state-clustered HMMs. However, it is unclear which acoustic models to superior to the other under the same training data. Moreover, LBG algorithm and EM algorithm, which are the usual training methods for HMMs, have not been compared. Therefore in this paper, the recognition performance of the respective HMMs and the respective training methods are compared under the same condition. It was found that the number of parameters and the word error rate for both HMMs are equivalent when the number of codebooks is sufficiently large. It was also found that training method using the LBG algorithm achieves a 90% reduction in training time compared to training method using the EM algorithm, without degradation of recognition accuracy.
Desiccating Stress–Induced Chemokine Expression in the Epithelium Is Dependent on Upregulation of NKG2D/RAE-1 and Release of IFN-γ in Experimental Dry Eye
Authors: Coursey Terry G. , Bohat Ritu , Barbosa Flavia L. , Pflugfelder Stephen C. , de Paiva Cintia S.
Published: October 2014

The Th1-associated chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 coordinate migration of CXCR3+ Th1 cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the innate immune system in stimulating chemokine expression in an experimental model of dry eye and bridge the gap between innate and adaptive immunity. Desiccating stress (DS) induced very early (6 h) expression and production of Th1-associated chemokines in cornea and conjunctiva of C57BL/6 and RAG1 knockout (KO) mice, demonstrating that chemokine expression does not require innate T cells. We then demonstrated that activating the innate immune system prior to adoptive transfer of T cells to RAG1KO mice increased disease severity. Interestingly, lack of induction of chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in IFN-γKO mice provided evidence that their expression requires IFN-γ for induction. Treatment of RAG1KO mice with anti-NK1.1 prevented the increase of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in response to DS, compared with isotype controls. Additionally, DS increased the expression of NKG2D in the conjunctiva. The expression of the NKG2D ligand, retinoic acid early inducible gene 1, also increased at the ocular surface at both the protein and gene levels. Neutralization of NKG2D at the ocular surface decreased the expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IFN-γ. In summary, upregulation of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 expression in experimental dry eye is T cell–independent, requiring IFN-γ–producing NKG2D+ NK cells that are activated in response to DS-induced stress signals. This study provides insight into the events that trigger the initial immune response in dry eye pathology.