bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Summary of the 5th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Testing (RET 2018)
Authors: Unterkalmsteiner Michael , Yu Tingting , Gay Gregory , Bjarnason Elizabeth , Borg Markus , Felderer Michael
Published: April 2020

The RET (Requirements Engineering and Testing) workshop series provides a meeting point for researchers and practitioners from the two separate fields of Requirements Engineering (RE) and Testing. The goal is to improve the connection and alignment of these two areas through an exchange of ideas, challenges, practices, experiences and results. The long term aim is to build a community and a body of knowledge within the intersection of RE and Testing, i.e. RET. The 5th workshop was held in colocation with ICSE 2018 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The workshop continued in the same interactive vein as the predecessors. We introduced a new format for the presentations in which the paper authors had the opportunity to interact extensively with the audience. Each author was supported by a member of the organization committee to prepare either an extensive demo, collect more data in form of a questionnaire or perform a hands-on tutorial. We named this new format \X-ray session". In order to create an RET knowledge base, this crosscutting area elicits contributions from both RE and Testing, and from both researchers and practitioners. A range of papers were presented from short positions papers to full research papers that cover connections between the two fields. The workshop attracted 27 participants and the positive feedback on the new format encourages us to organize the workshop the next year again.
Verification column
Authors: Lazić Ranko
Published: April 2020

Causal consistency is a weakening of Lamport's canonical model of sequential consistency, that is both well-motivated by applications and theoretically interesting. In this expert article, the author provides a solid grounding before covering the four main approaches to verification: unbounded verification, bounded model checking, program logics and robustness verification.
Verification under causally consistent shared memory
Authors: Lahav Ori
Published: April 2020

We consider concurrent programs interacting with causally consistent shared memory. After describing the semantics of such programs, we outline several verification problems and survey some existing solutions.
Forecasting Price Trend of Bulk Commodities Leveraging Cross-domain Open Data Fusion
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Zhao Sha , Chen Longbiao , Li Shijian , Wu Zhaohui , Pan Gang
Published: April 2020

Forecasting price trend of bulk commodities is important in international trade, not only for markets participants to schedule production and marketing plans but also for government administrators to adjust policies. Previous studies cannot support accurate fine-grained short-term prediction, since they mainly focus on coarse-grained long-term prediction using historical data. Recently, cross-domain open data provides possibilities to conduct fine-grained price forecasting, since they can be leveraged to extract various direct and indirect factors of the price. In this article, we predict the price trend over upcoming days, by leveraging cross-domain open data fusion. More specifically, we formulate the price trend into three classes (rise, slight-change, and fall), and then we predict the specific class in which the price trend of the future day lies. We take three factors into consideration: (1) supply factor considering sources providing bulk commodities, (2) demand factor focusing on vessel transportation with reflection of short time needs, and (3) expectation factor encompassing indirect features (e.g., air quality) with latent influences. A hybrid classification framework is proposed for the price trend forecasting. Evaluation conducted on nine real-world cross-domain open datasets shows that our framework can forecast the price trend accurately, outperforming multiple state-of-the-art baselines.
A Lyapunov Approach for Time-Bounded Reachability of CTMCs and CTMDPs
Authors: Salamati Mahmoud , Soudjani Sadegh , Majumdar Rupak
Published: April 2020

Time-bounded reachability is a fundamental problem in model checking continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) and Markov decision processes (CTMDPs) for specifications in continuous stochastic logics. It can be computed by numerically solving a characteristic linear dynamical system, but the procedure is computationally expensive. We take a control-theoretic approach and propose a reduction technique that finds another dynamical system of lower dimension (number of variables), such that numerically solving the reduced dynamical system provides an approximation to the solution of the original system with guaranteed error bounds. Our technique generalizes lumpability (or probabilistic bisimulation) to a quantitative setting. Our main result is a Lyapunov function characterization of the difference in the trajectories of the two dynamics that depends on the initial mismatch and exponentially decreases over time. In particular, the Lyapunov function enables us to compute an error bound between the two dynamics as well as a convergence rate. Finally, we show that the search for the reduced dynamics can be computed in polynomial time using a Schur decomposition of the transition matrix. This enables us to efficiently solve the reduced dynamical system by computing the exponential of an upper-triangular matrix characterizing the reduced dynamics. For CTMDPs, we generalize our approach using piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions for switched affine dynamical systems. We synthesize a policy for the CTMDP via its reduced-order switched system that guarantees that the time-bounded reachability probability lies above a threshold. We provide error bounds that depend on the minimum dwell time of the policy. We demonstrate the technique on examples from queueing networks, for which lumpability does not produce any state space reduction, but our technique synthesizes policies using a reduced version of the model.
Pricing Multi-Unit Markets
Authors: Ezra Tomer , Feldman Michal , Roughgarden Tim , Suksompong Warut
Published: April 2020

We study the power and limitations of posted prices in multi-unit markets, where agents arrive sequentially in an arbitrary order. We prove upper and lower bounds on the largest fraction of the optimal social welfare that can be guaranteed with posted prices under a range of assumptions about the designer’s information and agents’ valuations. Our results provide insights about the relative power of uniform and non-uniform prices, the relative difficulty of different valuation classes, and the implications of different informational assumptions. Among other results, we prove constant-factor guarantees for agents with subadditive valuations over identical items, even in an incomplete-information setting and with uniform prices. We also show that no constant-factor guarantee is possible for general valuations over identical items, even in a full-information setting and with non-uniform prices.
HERA
Authors: Lyu Gengyu , Feng Songhe , Li Yidong , Jin Yi , Dai Guojun , Lang Congyan
Published: April 2020

Partial label learning (PLL) aims to learn from the data where each training instance is associated with a set of candidate labels, among which only one is correct. Most existing methods deal with this type of problem by either treating each candidate label equally or identifying the ground-truth label iteratively. In this article, we propose a novel PLL approach named HERA, which simultaneously incorporates theHeterogEneous Lossand theSpaRse and Low-rAnkprocedure to estimate the labeling confidence for each instance while training the desired model. Specifically, the heterogeneous loss integrates the strengths of both the pairwise ranking loss and the pointwise reconstruction loss to provide informative label ranking and reconstruction information for label identification, whereas the embedded sparse and low-rank scheme constrains the sparsity of ground-truth label matrix and the low rank of noise label matrix to explore the global label relevance among the whole training data, for improving the learning model. Comprehensive ablation study demonstrates the effectiveness of our employed heterogeneous loss, and extensive experiments on both artificial and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method achieves superior or comparable performance against state-of-the-art methods.
Differential Equation Invariance Axiomatization
Authors: Platzer André , Tan Yong Kiam
Published: April 2020

This article proves the completeness of an axiomatization for differential equation invariants described by Noetherian functions. First, the differential equation axioms of differential dynamic logic are shown to be complete for reasoning about analytic invariants. Completeness crucially exploits differential ghosts, which introduce additional variables that can be chosen to evolve freely along new differential equations. Cleverly chosen differential ghosts are the proof-theoretical counterpart of dark matter. They create a new hypothetical state, whose relationship to the original state variables satisfies invariants that did not exist before. The reflection of these new invariants in the original system then enables its analysis.

An extended axiomatization with existence and uniqueness axioms is complete for all local progress properties, and, with a real induction axiom, is complete for all semianalytic invariants. This parsimonious axiomatization serves as the logical foundation for reasoning about invariants of differential equations. Indeed, it is precisely this logical treatment that enables the generalization of completeness to the Noetherian case.
Approaches used for teaching anatomy and physiology in the university pre-professional program at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
Authors: Memon Ismail , Alkushi Abdulmohsen , Shewar Dur E. , Anjum Irfan , Feroz Zeeshan
Published: April 2020

Many medical schools offer pre-professional programs to undergraduate students. The main purpose of the university pre-professional program (UPPP) is to equip students with the necessary knowledge and skills required to successfully cope with the academic demands of further education provided by professional colleges. The aim of this commentary article is to describe the role of UPPP at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in preparing students to continue studies at the College of Medicine (COM) and other health-related colleges. The anatomy and physiology course is presented as a representative model. An outline of the UPPP in the context of the curriculum, teaching strategies, learning facilities, and assessment is presented. The pre-professional program at KSAU-HS prepares school graduates to become self-learners and enable them to learn effectively in the clinical context in a problem-based learning curriculum at COM.
Effects of Long‐Term Use of Insoles with a Toe‐Grip Bar on the Balance, Walking, and Running of Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nakano Hideki , Murata Shin , Abiko Teppei , Mitsumaru Nozomi , Kubo Atsuko , Hachiya Mizuki , Matsuo Dai , Kawaguchi Michio
Published: April 2020

This randomized controlled study is aimed at investigating the effects of long‐term use of insoles with a toe‐grip bar on the balance, walking, and running of preschool children. Fifty‐two preschool children were randomly assigned to an intervention group or control group. Children included in the intervention group wore shoes with insoles that had a toe‐grip bar, and those in the control group wore shoes with regular insoles without a toe‐grip bar for 4 weeks while they were at school. The center of gravity sway (total trajectory length and envelope area), walking parameters (walking speed, cadence, stride length, step length, stance time, and swing time), and time to run 25 m were measured before and after the intervention. The 25 m running time of the intervention group was significantly improved after the intervention (F = 5.66; p < 0.05). This study suggests that insoles with a toe‐grip bar may contribute to improvements in the running of preschool children.
Gastric Glomus Tumor: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 21 Cases
Authors: Lin Jun , Shen Juan , Yue Hao , Li Qiongqiong , Cheng Yuqing , Zhou Mengyun
Published: April 2020

Gastric glomus tumors (GGTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors. Most glomus tumors occur in the distal parts of the extremities. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the features of GGTs from two institutions. The histologic and clinical findings of all GGT cases from 2009 to 2018 were reviewed. The most common location was the antrum, the mean age of patients was 49.3 years, and the mean tumor size was 2.1 cm. Microscopically, small, round cell nodules surrounded the expansion of blood vessels in a nest pattern. Immunohistochemical assays for vimentin and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were positive, and assays for H‐caldesmon and calponin were partially positive. GGT is rare and easily misdiagnosed before operation. However, immunohistochemistry is useful for the differential diagnosis. The majority of GGTs are benign, and local surgery achieving complete resection is the most effective treatment method.
Using YouTube to Learn Anatomy: Perspectives of Jordanian Medical Students
Authors: Mustafa Ayman G. , Taha Nour R. , Alshboul Othman A. , Alsalem Mohammad , Malki Mohammed I.
Published: April 2020

Purpose. The study is aimed at exploring the popularity, impact, and usefulness of using YouTube in learning anatomy as perceived by Jordanian medical students studying at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Methods. The present work is a cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study. First‐, second‐, and third‐year medical students were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire. Students’ responses were numerically coded, and the results were analyzed to reveal any statistically significant differences related to gender or level of study. Results. The results showed that 96.4% of the students used YouTube in general, 91.2% used it as a source of information, and 83.9% used YouTube as a learning tool in medical school. Further, YouTube was used by 79.1% of the students as an anatomy‐learning tool. Most of these students used this platform in learning gross anatomy. The study also revealed that dissection videos were the most viewed anatomy‐related content. Regarding the perceived value of YouTube as an anatomy‐learning tool, the majority of the students reported that YouTube offered them useful anatomical information and enhanced their understanding, memorization, and recall of anatomical information. In addition, most of them recommended using YouTube as an anatomy‐learning tool. Statistical analysis of the results revealed the presence of gender‐related significant differences in students’ perspectives. Such differences were also found among students of different levels of study. Conclusion. Medical students have positive attitudes toward using YouTube in augmenting their anatomy learning. For this, educators are encouraged to adopt YouTube as an educational tool in their anatomy instruction and to create new anatomy‐related YouTube videos to enhance their students’ learning.
Infinitely Many Solutions for a Generalized Periodic Boundary Value Problem without the Evenness Assumption
Authors: Gu Xiaodong , Song Mingliang
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we investigate infinitely many solutions for the generalized periodic boundary value problem −x″−B0tx+B1tx=λ∇xVt,xa.e.t∈0,1,x1=Mx0,x′1=Nx′0 under the potential function Vt,x without the evenness assumption and obtain two new existence results by the multiple critical point theorem. Meanwhile, we give two corollaries for the periodic solutions of second-order Hamiltonian systems and an example that illustrates our results.
Potential Mechanisms Involved in Palmitoylethanolamide-Induced Vasodepressor Effects in Rats
Authors: Marichal-Cancino Bruno A. , González-Hernández Abimael , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette , Ramírez-San Juan Eduardo , Villalón Carlos M.
Published: April 2020

Palmitoylethanolamide is an endogenous lipid that exerts complex vascular effects, enhances the effects of endocannabinoids and induces a direct hypotension, but the mechanisms involved have been poorly explored. Hence, this study investigated in Wistar pithed rats the role of CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55 receptors in the inhibition by palmitoylethanolamide of the vasopressor responses produced by sympathetic stimulation or exogenous noradrenaline. Frequency- and dose-dependent vasopressor responses were analysed before and during intravenous (i.v.) continuous infusions of palmitoylethanolamide in animals receiving i.v. bolus of the antagonists NIDA41020 (CB1), AM630 (CB2), capsazepine (TRPV1), and/or cannabidiol (GPR55). Palmitoyletha­nolamide (0.1–3.1 μg/kg/min) dose-dependently inhibited the sympathetically induced and noradrenaline-induced vasopressor responses. Both inhibitions were: (i) partially blocked by 100 μg/kg NIDA41020, 100 μg/kg capsazepine, or 31 μg/kg cannabidiol; (ii) unaffected by 310 μg/kg AM630; and (iii) abolished by the combination NIDA41020 + capsazepine + cannabidiol (100, 100, and 31 μg/kg, respectively). The resting blood pressure was decreased by palmitoylethanolamide (effect prevented by NIDA41020, capsazepine or cannabidiol, but not by AM630). These results suggest that: (i) palmitoylethanolamide inhibits the vasopressor responses to sympathetic stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline and that it induces hypotension; and (ii) all these effects are mediated by prejunctional and vascular CB1, TRPV1 and probably GPR55, but not by CB2, receptors.
High-Dose Melphalan and Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Sanchorawala Vaishali
Published: April 2020

AL amyloidosis is a systemic amyloidosis and is associated with an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. High-dose intravenous melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation was developed for the treatment of AL amyloidosis in the early 1990s and was prompted by its success in myeloma. This application has evolved significantly over the past three decades. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of eligibility criteria, stem cell collection, and mobilization strategies and regimens, risk-adapted melphalan dosing, role for induction and consolidation therapies as well as long-term outcome with respect to survival, hematologic response and relapse as well as organ responses following stem cell transplantation. Continued efforts to refine patient selection and management, and incorporate novel anti-plasma cell agents in combination or sequentially to further improve outcomes in AL amyloidosis are also discussed.
The Design of and Rationale for the Effect of Perioperative Inhaled Tiotropium for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Esophageal Cancer Surgery (EPITOPE): an Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study
Authors: Okamura Akihiko , Watanabe Masayuki , Kitazono Satoru , Manoshiro Haruka , Kasama Emi , Takahashi Keita , Toihata Tasuku , Otake Reiko , Kozuki Ryotaro , Imamura Yu , Yamahara Yuko , Ishizuka Naoki
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Pneumonia is one of the most frequently occurring complications after esophagectomy and is associated with increased operative mortality. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known to be a risk factor for pulmonary complications and operative mortality. However, in COPD patients preparing for esophagectomy, preventive measures against postoperative pneumonia have not yet been discovered. In this study, we evaluate the effect of perioperative inhaled tiotropium, a long-acting, antimuscarinic bronchodilator used in the management of COPD, on patients with COPD who undergo esophageal cancer surgery. Methods/Design: This study investigates the effect of perioperative inhaled tiotropium on patients with COPD who undergo esophagectomy. It is an open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted in a single center (EPITOPE study). A total of 32 enrolled patients are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either conventional management or inhalation of tiotropium in addition to the conventional management. Patients included in the intervention group receive tiotropium Respimat 5 μg (two inhalations of 2.5 μg) for at least 2 weeks before the esophagectomy. Following the esophagectomy, tiotropium is re-delivered, starting as early as possible and continuing until the postoperative evaluation (between 30 and 44 days after the operation). The primary outcome is the incidence of pneumonia within 30 days after esophagectomy. Secondary outcomes are the incidence of cardiovascular complications within 30 days after esophagectomy, the incidence of any postoperative complications within 30 days after esophagectomy, pulmonary function (preintervention, preoperative, and postoperative), walking distance in the incremental shuttle walking test (preintervention, preoperative, and postoperative), the incidence of adverse events, and mortality within 30 days after esophagectomy. Discussion: The EPITOPE study is the first pilot study on the effects of perioperative inhaled tiotropium on patients with COPD undergoing esophagectomy. After completing this study, we will plan a multicenter RCT with the appropriate outcomes in the future.
HT-29 and Caco2 Cell Lines Are Suitable Models for Studying the Role of Arachidonic Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Intestinal Cell Differentiation
Authors: Cizkova Katerina , Birke Petr , Malohlava Jakub , Tauber Zdenek , Huskova Zlata , Ehrmann Jiri
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Cytochrome (CYP) epoxygenases (CYP2C and CYP2J) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) participate in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and may also have a potential role in enterocyte differentiation. The first critical step in the study of intestinal cell differentiation is the determination of a suitable in vitro model, which must be as similar as possible to the conditions of a living organism. It is known that HT-29 and Caco2 cell lines derived from human colorectal carcinomas can differentiate into enterocyte-like cells in appropriate culture conditions. Material and Methods: We tested 4 different approaches of enterocyte-like differentiation and determined the most appropriate culture conditions for each model. Subsequently, the changes in the expression of CYP epoxygenases and sEH in undifferentiated and differentiated cells were measured by In-Cell ELISA. These results were compared with immunohistochemical profiles of expression of CYP epoxygenases and sEH in samples of human embryonic and fetal intestines as well as adult duodenum and colon. Results: Our results show that sodium butyrate (NaBt)-differentiated HT-29 cells and spontaneously differentiated Caco2 cells resemble CYP epoxygenases and sEH profiles, corresponding with different types of intestines. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the most suitable models for the study of the role of CYP epoxygenases and sEH expression in differentiation of intestinal epithelium are NaBt-differentiated HT-29 cells and spontaneously differentiated Caco2 cells.
Ocular Decompression Retinopathy with Macular Edema after Deep Sclerectomy with Intrascleral Implantation
Authors: Diaz Aljaro Pablo , Loscos Arenas Jordi , Broc Iturralde Laura , Carbonell Puig Marc , Romera Romero Pau
Published: April 2020

We report a case of ocular decompression retinopathy (ODR) with macular edema, diagnosed by optical coherence tomography, after a deep sclerectomy (DS) with an intrascleral implant, resolved with medical therapy 6 months later. The medical literature reports that in 14% of patients suffering from ODR, a pars plana vitrectomy was required, and 15% of patients had a poor final visual acuity. An otherwise healthy 75-year-old man with high myopia and a primary open-angle glaucoma, with previous intraocular pressure (IOP) of 24 mm Hg, underwent a DS with intrascleral implant without complications. The patient suffered postoperatively from ODR with macular edema that required medical therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops (Nepafenac® 0.3%) for a period of 6 months. ODR is an infrequent complication that may occur after any surgical or medical procedure that causes a sudden IOP decrease. The presence of macular edema is only reported in 5% of cases and can occur in patients who report a decreased visual acuity, commonly associated with a retinal hemorrhage. We have described a case of ODR with macular edema after DS with intrascleral implant. Although ODR is considered to cause a low level of morbidity, in some patients this may not be the case.
Three-Dimensional Primary Cell Culture: A Novel Preclinical Model for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: April-Monn Simon Leonhard , Wiedmer Tabea , Skowronska Magdalena , Maire Renaud , Schiavo Lena Marco , Trippel Mafalda , Di Domenico Annunziata , Muffatti Francesca , Andreasi Valentina , Capurso Gabriele , Doglioni Claudio , Kim-Fuchs Corina , Gloor Beat , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Partelli Stefano , Falconi Massimo , Perren Aurel , Marinoni Ilaria
Published: April 2020

Molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are still insufficiently understood. Efficacy of currently approved PanNET therapies is limited. While novel treatment options are being developed, patient stratification permitting more personalized treatment selection in PanNET is yet not feasible since no predictive markers are established. The lack of representative in vitro and in vivo models as well as the rarity and heterogeneity of PanNET are prevailing reasons for this. In this study, we describe an in vitro 3-dimensional (3-D) human primary PanNET culture system as a novel preclinical model for more personalized therapy selection. We present a screening platform allowing multicenter sample collection and drug screening in 3-D cultures of human primary PanNET cells. We demonstrate that primary cells isolated from PanNET patients and cultured in vitro form islet-like tumoroids. Islet-like tumoroids retain a neuroendocrine phenotype and are viable for at least 2 weeks in culture with a high success rate (86%). Viability can be monitored continuously allowing for a per-well normalization. In a proof-of-concept study, islet-like tumoroids were screened with three clinically approved therapies for PanNET: sunitinib, everolimus and temozolomide. Islet-like tumoroids display varying in vitro response profiles to distinct therapeutic regimes. Treatment response of islet-like tumoroids differs also between patient samples. We believe that the presented human PanNET screening platform is suitable for personalized drug testing in a larger patient cohort, and a broader application will help in identifying novel markers predicting treatment response and in refining PanNET therapy.
O prefixo 'des-' e palavras de valor negativo no período arcaico da língua portuguesa, vistos a partir de uma breve análise das Cantigas de Santa Maria
Authors: Barreto Débora Aparecida dos Reis Justo , Mielo Tamires Costa e Silva , Cagliari Gladis Massini
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade analisar dois mecanismos bastante distintos em forma e função, mas que se aproximam em sentido, uma vez que denotam negação, do sistema do português da época arcaica: o prefixo des- e palavras de valor negativo (tais como sen, nunca, se non, senon, nen, non). Para tanto, foram observadas as dez primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria. Foi possível verificar que o prefixo des-, ainda presente no Português Brasileiro atual, já se mostrava produtivo no sistema linguístico do século XIII, formando novos vocábulos por meio de bases verbais e nominais, ‛negadas’ a partir da adjunção do prefixo. Além disso, constatamos que as partículas com valor negativo no Português Arcaico apresentam um comportamento semelhante ao desses mesmos elementos no Português Brasileiro moderno, tanto com relação à produtividade como no que diz respeito à sua disposição organizacional.
Catecholamines Induce Trained Immunity in Monocytes In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: van der Heijden Charlotte D.C.C. , Groh Laszlo , Keating Samuel T. , Kaffa Charlotte , Noz Marlies P. , Kersten Simone , van Herwaarden Antonius E. , Hoischen Alexander , Joosten Leo A.B. , Timmers Henri J.L.M. , Netea Mihai G. , Riksen Niels P.
Published: April 2020

Rationale:

Exposure to high catecholamine levels is associated with inflammatory changes of myeloid cells and atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms are only partly understood.

Objective:

To investigate whether the proinflammatory effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline can, in part, be explained by the induction of an immunologic memory in innate immune cells, termed trained immunity.

Methods and Results:

In vitro, we exposed human primary monocytes to (nor)adrenaline for 24 hours, after which cells were rested and differentiated to macrophages over 5 days. After restimulation with lipopolysaccharide on day 6, (nor)adrenaline-exposed cells showed increased TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) production. This coincided with an increase in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation measured with Seahorse technology on day 6 before restimulation. Inhibition of the β-adrenoreceptor–cAMP signaling pathway prevented the induction of training. In vivo, we studied the functional, transcriptional, and epigenetic impact of peak-wise exposure to high catecholamine levels on monocytes isolated from pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PHEO) patients. In PHEO patients (n=10), the peripheral blood cell composition showed a myeloid bias and an increase of the inflammatory CD14++CD16+ (cluster of differentiation) intermediate monocyte subset compared with controls with essential hypertension (n=14). Ex vivo production of proinflammatory cytokines was higher in PHEO patients. These inflammatory changes persisted for 4 weeks after surgical removal of PHEO. Transcriptome analysis of circulating monocytes at baseline showed various differentially expressed genes in inflammatory pathways in PHEO patients; epigenetic profiling of the promoters of these genes suggests enrichment of the transcriptionally permissive chromatin mark H3K4me3 (trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3), indicative of in vivo training.

Conclusions:

Catecholamines induce long-lasting proinflammatory changes in monocytes in vitro and in vivo, indicating trained immunity. Our data contribute to the understanding of pathways driving inflammatory changes in conditions characterized by high catecholamine levels and propose that trained immunity underlies the increased cardiovascular event rate in PHEO patients.
Has Exploitation Transformed? A Critical Analysis of the Theory of Cognitive Capitalism
Authors: Murray Georgina , Peetz David
Published: April 2020

In this article we critically analyze the theory of cognitive capitalism as developed by Yann Moulier Boutang in his book of that name. He emphasizes a new category of exploitation, seeks to explain the behavior of finance capital, and foretells a coming dominance by cognitive capitalism over industrial capitalism. While his theory has merit and is a useful starting point for further analysis of the interaction between digital technology and capitalism, it has major flaws in: its treatment of financialization, the employment relationship, and the power and dominance of large industrial corporations; its claims regarding the alleged superiority of cognitive capitalism; and its exposition of a second category of exploitation.
Bangladesh and Globalization: the Impact of Technology on Work and Class
Authors: Bowler Michael Barry
Published: April 2020

How does technology obtained via globalization affect work and class in Bangladesh? Despite the many technological innovations deployed within a village in the southwest near the Indian border, for the poorest families the inequality gap continues to grow, although many are better off financially than 25 years ago. Even with more employment and much more digital technology, with mobile phones and online money transfers, the impacts of climate change and the lack of health care threaten to mitigate the gains from work and the increasing value of land.
The Ontology of Globalization and Sensemaking of Industrial Work in the Age of Digital Electronics
Authors: Kleiner Thomas
Published: April 2020

Today industrial production is performed across national boundaries in real time with great accuracy and precision using digital information communication technologies. Manufacturing in one location is possible as it receives digital signals and messages transmissions from remote activities across borders. But who are these magicians behind the curtain? They are the highly skilled and educated knowledge workers of the global, blue-collar, working class. A generation ago working in industrial settings we would have likely shared close physical proximity as well as a common language and culture. Today we share the interconnectedness of our global village across national, cultural, and linguistic boundaries.
Popular Culture’s AI Fantasies: Killers and Exploiters or Assistants and Companions?
Authors: Pollard Tom
Published: April 2020

This article examines popular culture’s depictions of Artificial Intelligence. It begins with Hollywood’s sci-fi robot characters that were often depicted as dangerous and inimical to human existence. It identifies major Hollywood movies that depict artificial intelligence, starting with Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), James Cameron’s The Terminator (1984), Steven Spielberg’s Minority Report (2002), Garth Jennings’ The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Spike Jonze’s Her (2014), Alex Garland’s Ex Machina (2014), and Toby Hanes’ Brexit (2019). These films illustrate artificial intelligence issues, including self-aware computers, facial recognition, crime prevention, and personal assistants. These technologies are depicted both positively and negatively in popular culture, and their depictions in these films reveals popular culture’s pervasive stereotypes and occasional timely warnings about emerging technology.
Capital Accumulation, Environmental Pollution, and Public Health Challenges in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry: Lessons on Market Criminology
Authors: Ezeonu Ifeanyi
Published: April 2020

Petroleum exploration activities started in Nigeria’s Niger Delta in the early twentieth century as part of the expansive process of primitive accumulation instituted by the British colonial administration to advance its economic interest. Since petroleum resources were discovered in commercial quantities in the region in 1956, transnational extraction corporations (including Shell, Chevron, and ExxonMobil) in collaboration with the emergent domestic compradors have plundered the resource wealth. While decades of crude oil and gas production in the region have enormously enriched the captors of the petroleum industry, the host communities have suffered debilitating economic and health consequences.

This article discusses the public health challenges resulting from this predatory political economy, along the lines of a bourgeoning body of literature that conceptualizes preventable market-driven harms as criminal.
Teaching the Faith in Early Christianity: Divine and Human Agency
Authors: Gemeinhardt Peter
Published: April 2020

The present paper investigates the relationship between divine and human agency in teaching the Christian faith. While Christian education actually was conveyed by human beings (apostles, teachers, catechists, bishops), many authors claimed that the one and only teacher of Christianity is Jesus Christ, referring to Matt 23:8-9. By examining texts from the 2nd to the 5th century, different configurations of divine and human teaching are identified and discussed. The paper thereby highlights a crucial tension in Early and Late Antique Christianity relating to the possibilities and limitations of communicating the faith.
Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from Hydrothermal Vent Fields on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean
Authors: LEE JIMIN , KIM DONGSUNG , KIM IL-HOI
Published: April 2020

Eight species of copepods belonging to the family Dirivultidae (Siphonostomatoida) are described from deep-water hydrothermal vent fields on the Central Indian Ridge in the Indian Ocean. Aphotopontius limatulus Humes, 1987, previously known only from the East Pacific, is included. The other seven species are new, as follows: Aphotopontius kiost n. sp., A. muricatus n. sp., Benthoxynus constrictus n. sp., Stygiopontius spinifer n. sp., S. horridus n. sp., S. geminus n. sp., and S. quadripaxillifer n. sp. The copepodid I stage of S. horridus n. sp. is also described. This is the first record on copepods living on hydrothermal vent fields in the Indian Ocean.
Redescription of Leptogyra bujnitzkii (Gorbunov, 1946) comb. nov., the first representative of the gastropod subclass Neomphaliones from the high Arctic
Authors: KROL EKATERINA N. , NEKHAEV IVAN O.
Published: April 2020

Ganesa bujnitzkii Gorbunov, 1946 was described from the bathyal of the Arctic Ocean north to the Laptev Sea based on only two specimens, which were the only representatives of this species mentioned by Gorbunov (1946b). Galkin (1955) noted that the shell sculpture of Ganesa bujnitzkii is similar to that of Cyclostrema valvatiodes (Jeffreys, 1883), and that the radula of the G. bujnitzkii differs from other species of the genus Ganesa Jeffreys, 1883 and members of the family Trochidae. Later, based on the original description, Warén (1993) proposed that the species may belong to the genus Skenea; however, he did not examine the type specimen. This opinion was reiterated by Kantor & Sysoev (2006).
Stenus praedator sp. nov. from the Philippines and a new species group in Stenus Latreille, 1797 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Steninae)
Authors: MAINDA TOBIAS
Published: April 2020

Stenus praedator sp. nov. (Philippines: Mindanao) is described and the S. heterocerus group is proposed. All species of the group are figured.
The first record of the bark louse genus Symbiopsocus (Psocodea: Psocidae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species
Authors: NING JINJIN , LI FASHENG , LIU XINGYUE
Published: April 2020

The bark louse genus Symbiopsocus includes 23 species, all of which known from East Asia. Here we report the first record of Symbiopsocus from Vietnam, with description of Symbiopsocus vietnamicus sp. nov. A revised key to the species of Symbiopsocus is provided.
Characterization and Corrections of Relative Humidity Measurement from Meteomodem M10 Radiosondes at Midlatitude Stations
Authors: Dupont Jean-Charles , Haeffelin Martial , Badosa Jordi , Clain Gaelle , Raux Christophe , Vignelles Damien
Published: April 2020

Measurement of water vapor or humidity in the atmosphere is fundamental for many applications. Relative humidity measurements with a capacitive sensor in radiosondes are affected by several factors that need to be assessed and corrected. This work aims to address corrections for the main effects for the Meteomodem M10 radiosonde as a step to meet the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) requirements. The considered corrections are 1) the calibration correction; 2) a slow regime due to the slow diffusion of molecules through the sensor, especially at very high and very low relative humidity conditions; 3) the relative humidity sensor dependence on the gradient of temperature; and 4) the time lag at cold temperatures, which affects measurements in regions of strong relative humidity gradients. These corrections were tested for 26 nighttime and 25 daytime radiosondes in two midlatitude locations for which both Meteomodem M10 and Vaisala RS92 measurements were available. The results show that, after correcting for the four effects, M10 relative humidity measurements are, on average, consistent with the Vaisala RS92 relative humidity values within 2% RH at all altitudes for the nighttime launches (against 6% RH before the correction) and within 5% RH at all altitudes for the daytime launches (against 9% RH before the correction).
Ambidexterity as Practice: Individual Ambidexterity Through Paradoxical Practices
Authors: Papachroni Angeliki , Heracleous Loizos
Published: April 2020

Following the turn to practice in organization theory and the emerging interest in the microfoundations of ambidexterity, understanding the role of individuals in realizing ambidexterity approaches becomes crucial. Drawing insights from Greek philosophy on paradoxes, and practice theory on paradoxes and ambidexterity, we propose a view of individual ambidexterity grounded in paradoxical practices. Existing conceptualizations of ambidexterity are largely based on separation strategies. Contrary to this perspective, we argue that individual ambidexterity can be accomplished via paradoxical practices that renegotiate or transcend boundaries of exploration and exploitation. We identify three such paradoxical practices at the individual level that can advance understanding of ambidexterity: engaging in “hybrid tasks,” capitalizing cumulatively on previous learning, and adopting a mindset of seeking synergies between the competing demands of exploration and exploitation.
Electro-thermal and mechanical performance of multi-wall carbon nanotubes buckypapers embedded in fibre reinforced polymer composites for ice protection applications
Authors: Zangrossi Francesco , Xu Fang , Warrior Nick , Karapappas Petros , Hou Xianghui
Published: April 2020

Several ice protection strategies have been developed to overcome the icing hazards in the aerospace industry. The electro-thermal method is one of the popular approaches to prevent ice accretion and accumulation on aircraft surfaces. Given the increasing requirement of composites on aircraft structures, metal frameworks/fibre-reinforced composites have been developed as a de-icing solution for the new generation aircraft. The present work aimed to fabricate self-heating multi-wall carbon nanotubes based composites for ice protection and to study their electro-thermal and mechanical characteristics. Carbon nanotube buckypapers (CNPs) were prepared and embedded in fibre reinforced polymer composites by two methods: pre-preg and resin impregnation. The influence of the carbon nanotube network structure on the mechanical properties and electrical characteristics of the composites was evaluated. Mechanical tests, three-point flexural test and interlaminar shear strength test demonstrated improved mechanical characteristics of the CNP based composites. De-icing performance of the composites was conducted through a heating test in a climate chamber at −20℃. The results indicated that the CNP-based composite is a promising self-heating material candidate for ice protection systems.
Low velocity impact and fracture characterization of SiO2 nanoparticles filled basalt fiber reinforced composite tubes
Authors: Demirci Mehmet Turan
Published: April 2020

Nano-microscale fracture mechanisms, which affect fracture toughness, play an important role in improving the impact characterization of fiber reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, crack behaviors are tried to be controlled with fracture mechanisms by filling nanoparticles into polymer matrix for improving impact characteristics and fracture toughness in latest studies. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of SiO2 nanoparticles addition into epoxy matrix on the low velocity impact characteristics and fracture toughness in basalt fiber reinforced filament wound composite tubes. SiO2 nanoparticle of 4% wt. filled and unfilled ± [55]6 filament wound basalt fiber reinforced/epoxy composite tubes were subjected to low velocity impact tests at 5 J, 10 J, and 15 J of energy levels. It was seen that while the addition of nanoparticles were increasing the maximum impact forces in the range of about 19%–32%, displacements and absorbed energies decreased because of the increase in the bending stiffness. Charpy impact tests were performed to three different notched arc shaped specimens for determining the impact fracture toughness. SiO2 nanoparticles increased the fracture toughness by 20%–23%. It was observed that SiO2 nanoparticles delayed the formation of failures such as debonding and delamination, and reduced the fiber breakage branching in low velocity impact tests. A liquid penetrant test was used to inspect the crack formations and progressions on the impacted surfaces of all composite tubes as practical inspection for industrial applications. It was seen that microscope and SEM analysis supported the liquid penetrant inspection, which is a non-destructive testing method.
Republic of Conspiracies: Cross-Border Plots and the Making of Modern Turkey
Authors: Öztan Ramazan Hakkı
Published: April 2020

In August 1935, British authorities tipped off Ankara about a team of assassins who were allegedly headed for Turkey to assassinate its president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Within a month, the Turkish authorities arrested a number of suspects in the Turkish-Syrian borderland, and began to pressure London to extradite the Circassian masterminds of the plot who were then living in the British mandate territories of Palestine and Transjordan. This article examines how the British tip-off quickly evolved into an episode fully publicized by the Kemalist regime, exploring the ways in which the alleged conspiracy helped consolidate Ankara’s ideological positions at home and pursue its long sought-after policies abroad. This curious episode illustrates the political and socio-economic relevance of imperial networks that continued to crisscross the post-Ottoman Middle East. On a more analytical level, the conspiracy helps us understand the complex interaction between intelligence and rumors, and in so doing, shows both empirical limits and opportunities in approaching them as a field of historical inquiry.
Industrial and Chinese: Exhibiting Mao’s China at the Leipzig Trade Fairs
Authors: Altehenger Jennifer
Published: April 2020

Between 1951 and 1965, the People’s Republic of China regularly exhibited at the international trade fairs in the East German city of Leipzig. One of the major attractions of the fairs, China’s grand pavilion was second in size only to the pavilion of the Soviet Union. This article examines the planning and execution of China’s exhibitions, illustrating how the young communist regime displayed its products and political system abroad and how citizens of other socialist and capitalist countries experienced China through objects, materials, images and narratives. Because the People's Republic of China was a new revolutionary state of enormous political and economic significance and yet also a state that other socialist regimes deemed too poorly developed to transition to socialism, these exhibitions were the site of constant negotiations and tension between Chinese and East German organizers and other local decision-makers and participants. As such, the People's Republic of China’s engagement with the fairs sheds further light on its international activities after 1949 and on the local history of the Sino-Soviet split. It is also a case study that calls attention to the historical significance of materiality that underpinned China’s interactions with the wider world, from minute quotidian things to grand gifts and major export goods.