bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attributing Tropical Cyclogenesis to Equatorial Waves in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Schreck Carl J. , Molinari John , Mohr Karen I.
Published: October 2010

Tropical cyclogenesis is attributed to an equatorial wave when the filtered rainfall anomaly exceeds a threshold value at the genesis location. It is argued that 0 mm day−1 (simply requiring a positive anomaly) is too small a threshold because unrelated noise can produce a positive anomaly. A threshold of 6 mm day−1 is too large because two-thirds of storms would have no precursor disturbance. Between these extremes, consistent results are found for a range of thresholds from 2 to 4 mm day−1.

Roughly twice as many tropical cyclones are attributed to tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances as to equatorial Rossby waves, mixed Rossby–gravity waves, or Kelvin waves. The influence of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is even smaller. The use of variables such as vorticity and vertical wind shear in other studies gives a larger contribution for the MJO. It is suggested that its direct influence on the rainfall in forming tropical cyclones is less than for other variables.

The impacts of tropical cyclone–related precipitation anomalies are also presented. Tropical cyclones can contribute more than 20% of the warm-season rainfall and 50% of its total variance. The influence of tropical cyclones on the equatorial wave spectrum is generally small. The exception occurs in shorter-wavelength westward-propagating waves, for which tropical cyclones represent up to 27% of the variance. Tropical cyclones also significantly contaminate wave-filtered rainfall anomalies in their immediate vicinity. To mitigate this effect, the tropical cyclone–related anomalies were removed before filtering in this study.
Men, Women, and Postrelease Offending
Authors: Cobbina Jennifer E. , Huebner Beth M. , Berg Mark T.
Published: October 2010

Numerous studies have examined the postrelease behaviors of men and women, highlighting the importance of social bonds in understanding positive reentry. However, there is evidence that the effect of social bonds on recidivism may vary by gender. Furthermore, research suggests that an individual’s propensity for criminality, including prior criminal history, may hinder the development and maintenance of positive social bonds and subsequently affect reentry transitions. The current study extends previous research in two ways. First, the authors examine gender differences in the sources of recidivism and focus on the role of social ties and criminal history in shaping recidivism risk. Next, the authors consider if the influence of parolees’ ties to their parents and intimate partners is conditioned by their criminal history. The results reinforce the importance of social ties, particularly to parents, for parolees; however, the results also suggest that male relationships with parents and intimate partners may be influenced by prior criminal involvement.
The Role of Working Memory in Supporting Drivers’ Situation Awareness for Surrounding Traffic
Authors: Johannsdottir Kamilla R. , Herdman Chris M.
Published: October 2010

Objective: To link working memory to driver situational awareness (SA) for surrounding traffic.

Background: Operating a motor vehicle is a complex activity that requires drivers to maintain a high level of SA. Working memory has been conceptually linked to SA; however, the roles of working memory subsystems in supporting driver SA is unclear.

Method: Participants drove a simulated vehicle and monitored surrounding traffic while concurrently performing either visuospatial- or phonological-load tasks. Drivers’ SA was indexed as the ability to recall the positions of the surrounding traffic relative to their own vehicle at the end of each trial.

Results: In Experiment 1, a visuospatial task interfered with drivers’ ability to recall the positions of traffic located in front of their vehicle. In contrast, a phonological task interfered with drivers’ ability to recall the positions of traffic located behind their vehicle. Experiment 2 confirmed and extended the findings of Experiment 1 with the use of different visuospatial- and phonological-load tasks.

Conclusion: Visuospatial and phonological codes play a role in supporting driver SA for traffic located in the forward view and the rear view, respectively.

Application: Drivers’ SA for surrounding vehicles is disrupted by concurrent performance on secondary tasks. The development and implementation of new in-cabin communication, navigation, and informational technologies needs to be done with the knowledge that components of drivers’ working memory capacity may be exceeded, thereby compromising driving safety.
Social justice: Alive and well (partly) in social work practice?
Authors: O'Brien Mike
Published: October 2010

This research with social work practitioners explores ways in which social justice ideas are reflected at different levels of social work practice. Social justice is actively drawn on in practice, but primarily at the level of daily practice and is less actively utilized at the macro level of change.
The Great Recession in the UK Labour Market: A Transatlantic Perspective
Authors: Elsby Michael W.L. , Smith Jennifer C.
Published: October 2010

The increase in unemployment in the United Kingdom that accompanied the Great Recession has been conspicuous by its moderation. The rise in joblessness is dwarfed by the recent experience of the United States, by past recessionary episodes in the UK and by the contraction in GDP in the UK. Increased rates of job loss have played a dominant role in shaping the rise in British unemployment. Unemployment duration has not increased to the levels seen in previous recessions, in contrast to the US where duration substantially exceeds previous peaks. Looking forward, the UK labour market appears to have adjusted fully to the shocks that prompted the recession. Signs of reductions in match efficiency witnessed recently in the US are not mirrored in the UK. In contrast, while long-term unemployment currently remains well below historical levels, recent estimates of job finding rates suggest that it has the potential to rise much further. Thus, a timely recovery in aggregate demand will play an important role in averting persistently high unemployment in the future.
Prospects for the UK Economy
Authors: Kirby Simon , Barrell Ray , Whitworth Rachel
Published: October 2010

The UK economy has now enjoyed four consecutive quarters of expansion. Indeed GDP growth reached 1.2 per cent in the second quarter of this year, the fastest rate of growth in over a decade. The National Institute's estimate of monthly GDP suggests that the economy continued to expand in the third quarter of this year, but at a more modest pace of 0.5 per cent (see figure 1). Such a slowdown should not have come as a surprise. Persistently strong growth is unlikely in an economy where household balance sheets are still undergoing repair, funding channels to business remain impaired and the public sector is embarking on a significant programme of fiscal consolidation. However, we continue to think the chances of negative output growth in 2011 are about one in five and hence a double dip recession is unlikely.
‘It’s Just Not Acceptable Any More’: The Erosion of Homophobia and the Softening of Masculinity at an English Sixth Form
Authors: McCormack Mark , Anderson Eric
Published: October 2010

This ethnographic research interrogates the relationship between sexuality, gender and homophobia and how they impact on 16- to 18-year-old boys in a coeducational sixth form in the south of England. Framing our research with inclusive masculinity theory, we find that, unlike the elevated rates of homophobia typically described in academic literature, the boys at ‘Standard High’ espouse pro-gay attitudes and eliminate homophobic language. This inclusivity simultaneously permits an expansion of heteromasculine boundaries, so that boys are able to express physical tactility and emotional intimacy without being homosexualized by their behaviours. However, we add to inclusive masculinity theory by showing the ways in which boys continue to privilege and regulate heterosexuality in the absence of homophobia: we find that heterosexual boundary maintenance continues, heterosexual identities are further consolidated, and the presumption of heterosexuality remains. Accordingly, we argue that even in inclusive cultures, it is necessary to examine for the processes of heteronormativity.
Young Women’s Negotiations of Heterosexual Conventions: Theorizing Sexuality in Constructions of ‘the Feminist’
Authors: Scharff Christina
Published: October 2010

Even though the normativity of heterosexuality has come into question in recent years, heterosexual norms continue to figure as a structuring principle in contemporary social life. Drawing on 40 qualitative interviews with a diverse group of young German and British women, this article analyses empirical research on feminist disidentification to show that heteronormativity plays a central role in young women’s negotiations of feminism. Numerous respondents established a link between feminism, unfemininity, man-hatred and lesbianism. By exploring constructions of ‘the feminist’, and by reconceptualizing the figure of ‘the feminist’ as a constitutive outside of heterosexual norms that haunts the interviews, this article foregrounds the importance of examining the dimension of sexuality in analyses of contemporary social phenomena.
Power, Inequality and Identification: Exploring Diversity and Intersectionality amongst Older LGB Adults
Authors: Cronin Ann , King Andrew
Published: October 2010

This article explores how theories of diversity and intersectionality can improve our understandings of the lives of older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults. In so doing, it argues that theories of diversity help us to understand both the structural constraints and the advantages that may arise from being an older LGB adult. However, these theories are unable to fully account for differences that may exist within this social group. In order to address this omission, we argue that we need to move beyond a focus on diversity per se, to incorporate the multiplicity of identities suggested by intersectionality theory. We conclude by assessing the implications of this debate for policy and research. Throughout the article we draw on existing research as well as our own empirical studies with older LGB adults.
Exploring the Impact of Sexual Orientation on Experiences and Concerns about End of Life Care and on Bereavement for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Older People
Authors: Almack Kathryn , Seymour Jane , Bellamy Gary
Published: October 2010

This article explores how sexual orientation1 may impact on concerns about, and experiences of, end of life care and bereavement within same-sex relationships. We draw on exploratory data from four focus groups with lesbian and gay elders ( N = 15), which formed part of a larger project investigating a range of older people’s concerns about end of life care. We set the findings in the context of debates about broader changes to family forms within late modernity, alongside social change and demographic shifts. Our focus on end of life care and bereavement sheds light on a series of relatively neglected issues associated with lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) ageing and, more broadly, the topics of care and support within ‘non-traditional’ intimate relationships and personal networks. We point to the importance of further research into the lives of older lesbians and gay men facing issues of end of life care and bereavement.
Sexual Politics, Orientalism and Multicultural Citizenship in the Netherlands
Authors: Mepschen Paul , Duyvendak Jan Willem , Tonkens Evelien H.
Published: October 2010

Sexuality features prominently in European debates on multiculturalism and in Orientalist discourses on Islam. This article argues that representations of gay emancipation are mobilized to shape narratives in which Muslims are framed as non-modern subjects, a development that can best be understood in relation to the ‘culturalization of citizenship’ and the rise of Islamophobia in Europe. We focus on the Netherlands where the entanglement of gay rights discourses with anti-Muslim politics and representations is especially salient. The thorough-going secularization of Dutch society, transformations in the realms of sex and morality since the ‘long 1960s’ and the ‘normalization’ of gay identities since the 1980s have made sexuality a malleable discourse in the framing of ‘modernity’ against ‘tradition’. This development is highly problematic, but also offers possibilities for new alliances and solidarities in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and questioning (LGBTQ) politics and sexual and cultural citizenship.
Sexuality, Space and Intersectionality: The Case of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Equalities Initiatives in UK Local Government
Authors: Monro Surya
Published: October 2010

The notion of intersectionality has been the subject of uncertainty, with debates taking place as to whether intersectionality studies should focus on the interstices between social characteristics, or should encompass approaches that interrogate the structuring effects of specific social forces. This article contributes to these debates by exploring intersectionality in relation to lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) equalities initiatives in UK local government. The article demonstrates the importance of two social categories, sexuality and the spatial, in structuring LGB equalities work. By citing analysis partially at the institutional level, it also reveals the way in which an individualizing approach to intersectionality studies, which focuses only on the interstices, is problematic. The article therefore provides an argument for an intersectionality studies that incorporates category-based analysis, whilst retaining a concern with the interstices between foundational categories.
Chapter 4: Short-Cycle Higher Education in the Netherlands: Adoption and Implementation of the New Associate Degree Qualification
Authors: Daale Hans
Published: October 2010

This essay traces the historical development of the Dutch associate degree, examining the grassroots efforts of the policy community that advocated for this new short-cycle credential and summarizing the findings from initial assessments of associate degree pilot programs. The formulation, implementation, and monitoring of this new degree reflected bottom-up initiatives in a national system with centralized decision-making.
The Revised Commitment Inventory: Psychometrics and Use With Unmarried Couples
Authors: Owen Jesse , Rhoades Galena K. , Stanley Scott M. , Markman Howard J.
Published: October 2010

The Commitment Inventory measures interpersonal commitment (dedication) and constraint commitment. Since it was first published, substantial revisions have been made, but there are no published data on the psychometric properties of the new version. Furthermore, little information is available on measuring commitment for unmarried couples. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Commitment Inventory in 320 premarital or cohabiting couples ( N = 640). Dyadic confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the hypothesized factor structure of six constraint subscales and one dedication subscale fit the data well for both men and women. Internal consistency coefficients were within acceptable range for most subscales. Within-couple correlations as well as correlations between subscales and with relationship quality, negative communication, and religiosity are presented. Implications for future research are discussed.
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Health Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matchim Yaowarat , Armer Jane M. , Stewart Bob R.
Published: October 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a MBSR program on physiological and psychological outcomes among early-stage breast cancer survivors. A quasi-experimental, pre-and posttest control group design was selected. The intervention group received the MBSR intervention. The control group received no MBSR intervention. ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to analyze data. The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in physiological and psychological outcomes including reduced blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate and increased mindfulness state at the level of p = .05 to p = .001. The effects of MBSR on reducing stress in this sample were statistically significant on the physiological outcome (morning cortisol) at the measurement after the intervention completion, but this effect was not sustained at 1-month follow-up. MBSR showed a trend toward improving psychological outcomes by reducing mood disturbance in this sample.
Goal setting as an outcome measure: a systematic review
Authors: Hurn Jane , Kneebone Ian , Cropley Mark
Published: October 2010

Background: Goal achievement has been considered to be an important measure of outcome by clinicians working with patients in physical and neurological rehabilitation settings. This systematic review was undertaken to examine the reliability, validity and sensitivity of goal setting and goal attainment scaling approaches when used with working age and older people.

Aims and objectives: To review the reliability, validity and sensitivity of both goal setting and goal attainment scaling when employed as an outcome measure within a physical and neurological working age and older person rehabilitation environment, by examining the research literature covering the 36 years since goal-setting theory was proposed.

Methods: Data sources included a computer-aided literature search of published studies examining the reliability, validity and sensitivity of goal setting/goal attainment scaling, with further references sourced from articles obtained through this process.

Main findings: There is strong evidence for the reliability, validity and sensitivity of goal attainment scaling. Empirical support was found for the validity of goal setting but research demonstrating its reliability and sensitivity is limited.

Conclusions: Goal attainment scaling appears to be a sound measure for use in physical rehabilitation settings with working age and older people. Further work needs to be carried out with goal setting to establish its reliability and sensitivity as a measurement tool.
BDNF and CGRP interaction: Implications in migraine susceptibility
Authors: Lemos Carolina , Mendonça Denisa , Pereira-Monteiro José , Barros José , Sequeiros Jorge , Alonso Isabel , Sousa Alda
Published: October 2010

Objectives: Migraine pathophysiology involves several pathways. Our aims were to explore a possible role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene ( BDNF) in migraine susceptibility; to study, for the first time, the calcitonin gene-related peptide gene ( CGRP); and a possible interaction between the two.

Methods: Using a case-control approach, four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7124442, rs6265, rs11030107, and rs2049046) of BDNF and one tagging SNP—rs1553005—of CGRP were analyzed in 188 cases and 287 controls. A multivariable logistic regression was performed, adjusting for gender. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies were estimated. Interaction was assessed by a stepwise multivariable-logistic regression and confirmed by a multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis.

Results: No significant main effects were found; however, a significant interaction was found between BDNF and CGRP, showing an increased risk for the AT-genotype of rs2049046 and the GC-genotype of rs1553005 (odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.93) for migraineurs.

Conclusion: Our data support the hypothesis of an interaction between BDNF and CGRP in migraine susceptibility that should be further explored.
The Temperature-dependent Cone Calorimeter: An Approximate Alternative to Furnace Testing
Authors: Crewe R.J. , Staggs J.E.J. , Phylaktou H.N.
Published: October 2010

This article discusses how a modified (variable heat flux) Cone Calorimeter can be used to approximately replicate heating regimes in standard furnace testing. The method is not exact as there are a number of physical differences between the two systems that are not accounted for, and the cone heater is unable to deliver sufficient heat flux to replicate aggressive furnace environments such as the hydrocarbon heating regime. Intumescent coatings testing is used (on an I-beam and a flat plate in the cone) to demonstrate the efficacy of the technique. The method as described relates to an internal furnace test (on an I-beam), but it is easily modifiable to other test scenarios such as a door test. Similarly, although the example discussed considers intumescent coatings testing, it is expected that a wide range of sample media could be tested in this way. That stated there are a range of limitations to this technique that need to be appreciated.
Words That Hurt: A Qualitative Study of s Parental Verbal Abuse in the Philippines
Authors: Loh Jennifer , Calleja Flora , Restubog Simon Lloyd D.
Published: October 2010

This article investigated opinions on what constitute parental abuse with interviews of 30 high school students, 30 parents, and 28 counselors. Despite increased reported cases of emotional abuses and child maltreatments in the Philippines, few empirical studies have explored the exact nature of parental verbal abuses in this country. This study is designed to address this gap in the literature. The results revealed nine categories of parental verbal abuses namely: (a) Put downs and shaming, (b) Rejection, (c) Blaming, (d) Fault Exaggerating, (e) Threat, (f) Invoking harm, (g) Regrets, (h) Unfair comparison, and (i) Negative prediction. Implications for research and practice were discussed.
Childhood Psychological Abuse and Adult Aggression: The Mediating Role of Self-Capacities
Authors: Allen Brian
Published: October 2010

The current study examines the utility of self-trauma theory for explaining the long-term impact of childhood psychological abuse on aggression. Specifically, the self-capacities of interpersonal relatedness, identity, and affect regulation are tested as mediators of the impact of psychological abuse on various types of aggression in adulthood. Hierarchical regression analyses are used to examine data collected from 268 university students who completed the Personality Assessment Inventory, Comprehensive Child Maltreatment Scale, and the Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities. Results show that self-capacities were predicted by maltreatment, particularly psychological abuse. Altered self-capacities fully mediate the impact of child maltreatment on various forms of aggression. Problems with interpersonal relationships play the most significant role in mediating the relationship between child maltreatment and aggression. Results suggest more frequent maltreating experiences predict more dysfunctional self-capacities, which increases the probability of displaying various forms of aggression.
Preparing Special Education Administrators for Inclusion in Diverse, Standards-Based Contexts: Beyond the Council for Exceptional Children and the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium
Authors: Voltz Deborah L. , Collins Loucrecia
Published: October 2010

Special education administrators must be prepared for their leadership roles in inclusive, culturally diverse, standards-based school settings. These challenges create the need for new skills, required for effective special education leaders in the 21st century. In this article, the authors examine the standards used to prepare special education administrators, and they offer new insights into the knowledge and skills needed to facilitate the inclusion of diverse students with disabilities in standards-based classrooms.
Reflective Journal Writing: Deaf Pre-Service Teachers With Hearing Children
Authors: Bailes Cynthia Neese , Hulsebosch Patricia , Martin David S.
Published: October 2010

In this study, the authors examine the content of reflective journals written by six Deaf pre-service teachers during their student teaching in classrooms with hearing students. In doing so, the authors analyze and compare the journal entries to the established literature on student teaching. Results indicate that these student teachers focused on many of the same issues mentioned in the literature on reflective teaching with hearing student teachers—pedagogy, teaching strategies, and relationships with students—and these student teachers often did so by incorporating key elements of Deaf culture into these categories. Unlike most student teachers, this cohort placed a primary emphasis on pedagogy—but with a special visual consideration—and a secondary emphasis on classroom management. They also focused on their ability to think independently from their cooperating teachers. Implications for sociocultural perspectives in teacher education programs are discussed.
Exposing Conditional Inclusive Ideologies Through Simulated Interactions
Authors: Dotger Benjamin , Ashby Christine
Published: October 2010

This manuscript examines how teacher candidates enacted their extensive inclusive classroom preparation within simulated interactions. Diffusing a common medical education pedagogy to teacher education, the researchers situated inclusively-trained teacher candidates in front of standardized paraprofessionals. Data from these simulated interactions indicate teachers expressed a range of perspectives on classroom practice with a paraprofessional, including the support of conditional, exclusive practices that result in students being removed from classrooms. Implications center on how teacher preparation institutions can better support the transfer of inclusive preparation into inclusive practice.
The Changing Education Landscape: How Special Education Leadership Preparation Can Make a Difference for Teachers and Their Students With Disabilities
Authors: Smith Deborah Deutsch , Robb Susan Mortorff , West Jane , Tyler Naomi Chowdhuri
Published: October 2010

The roles and obligations of teacher educators have expanded substantially in recent years. Expectations have increased because of national concerns about the overall achievement results of all students and because of specific federal mandates—expressed in reauthorizations of the No Child Left Behind Act and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004—about students with disabilities and their access to the general education curriculum and their increased, successful participation in inclusive educational settings. Complicated by the chronic and persistent shortage of special educators and the imperative that general educators have increased skills to address the needs of all struggling learners, demands on special education college and university faculty have magnified. However, the nation continues to face a shortage of faculty who can generate new knowledge about effective practices, translate such research findings into teacher preparation programs’ curriculum, and prepare a sufficient supply of new and highly skilled teachers. In this article, the authors discuss the current policy landscape, connections between the shortage of teachers and the shortage of special education faculty, and the role of the federal government in addressing these shortages. They conclude with a call for national dialogue—necessary so that the continuing cycle of faculty shortages and resulting shortages of those who directly serve students with disabilities may finally be resolved.
Comparison of Traditional Versus Alternative Preparation of Special Education Teachers
Authors: Robertson Janna Siegel , Singleton Jacques D.
Published: October 2010

The shortage of special education teachers has prompted the creation of alternative certification programs. The effectiveness of the University of Memphis’s (U of M’s) 14-year-old alternative Special Education Institute program in preparing teachers to teach and remain in the field was examined. The program was compared to the U of M’s traditional certification program. During spring of 2009, data were collected through information obtained from the U of M’s College of Education’s database and information from four local school districts about the current employment of special education teachers. The number of program graduates from the traditional and alternative programs was compared for longevity. It was found that a larger percentage of the alternatively prepared teachers (50%) were employed at local school districts than the traditional program graduates (33%). But there was evidence that alternatively prepared teachers may not stay as many years (4.1 as compared to 6 years). The male graduates were also more likely to be employed in area school districts than females from both programs. Similarly, a larger percentage of African American students were employed by area school districts than were their White counterparts. The results give support that alternative programs do lead to additional employment and teachers were retained for several years.
Book Talks in Special Education Methods Courses: Using Literature to Influence, Inspire, and Prepare Teacher Candidates
Authors: Marable Michele A. , Leavitt-Noble Kimberly , Grande Marya
Published: October 2010

An investigation on the use of literature as part of the teacher preparation process probed the impact of book talks on teacher candidates’ attitudes toward people with disabilities. Candidates in a 4-year undergraduate program participated in book talks reflecting subjects relevant to course work. Books reflected various effects of disability, including the impact on individuals or their families. Data were collected from written reflections and survey responses. Qualitative analysis revealed that the assignment influenced an increase in positive attitudes toward individuals with disabilities reflecting insight, empathy, and respect. Furthermore, candidates benefitted from discussions with their peers and deepened their understanding of the impact of disability. Suggestions for future use of book talks in teacher education are also discussed.
Media Independence and Trust in NGOs
Authors: Lee Taedong , Johnson Erica , Prakash Aseem
Published: October 2010

Why do levels of public trust in NGOs vary across postcommunist countries? How does media independence influence these trust levels? The authors begin from the premise that citizens develop trust in NGOs when they believe that NGOs function according to their normative expectations and they receive regular information about NGOs’ activities. Media has a crucial role in both these regards, especially in the context of countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, where the NGO sector is in a nascent stage and citizens lack prior experiences with NGOs as activist organizations and providers of public goods and services. First, media can provide information about NGO activities that enables citizens to develop opinions about individual NGOs and NGOs as a category of social actors. Second, media can serve as a vehicle to monitor the activities of NGOs and make them accountable. However, media may have its own biases and provide misleading information about NGOs. Thus the authors expect that media independence is associated with trust in NGOs. They analyze the relationship between NGO trust and media independence using a time-series and cross-section panel of 28 postcommunist countries from 1997 to 2006, controlling for a range of domestic and international factors that might influence trust in the NGO sector. Our analysis suggests that independent media is positively associated with trust in NGOs.
‘Suffering in a silent vacuum’: Woman-to-woman partner abuse as a challenge to the lesbian feminist vision
Authors: Barnes Rebecca
Published: October 2010

This reflection addresses the challenge which violence and abuse in women’s same-sex relationships pose to lesbian feminist conceptualizations of woman-to-woman relationships as egalitarian and non-violent. Whilst recognizing the value of the ideals which lesbian feminism promoted in terms of presenting an alternative to patriarchal oppression and domination, this reflection draws upon data from the author’s qualitative study of woman-to-woman partner abuse to identify the implications of such ideals for women’s disclosure of and understanding of their experiences of abuse. For some participants, the pervasiveness of expectations of mutuality and non-violence in woman-to-woman relationships contributed to the silence and denial which surrounds woman-to-woman partner abuse. In spite of this, this reflection maintains that there is still scope for lesbian feminism to make a positive contribution towards promoting democratic, egalitarian, and non-abusive relationships. In order for this to be possible however, lesbian feminist thinking must first develop a more inclusive understanding of woman-to-woman relationships which confronts the reality that some women’s experiences of woman-to-woman relationships run contrary to the longed-for lesbian utopia which was central to 1970s lesbian feminist ideals.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcome: results from affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea
Authors: Kwok S-K , Moon S-J , Ju JH , Park K-S , Kim W-U , Cho C-S , Kim H-Y , Park S-H
Published: October 2010

This study was undertaken to investigate clinical characteristics of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine risk factors and clinical outcomes of DAH in SLE patients. Among the 1521 patients with SLE admitted between January 1993 and June 2009 to affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea, 21 SLE were admitted for DAH. The inclusion criteria for DAH was defined as new infiltrates on chest radiographs, an acute hemoglobin drop of at least 1.5 g/dl in the absence of an obvious source of bleeding, and one or more of the following signs: hemoptysis, hypoxemia, bronchoscopic or biopsy evidence of DAH. Included as disease controls were 83 SLE patients, matched for age and sex, who were admitted for other manifestations. Data based on medical records were analyzed retrospectively. There were no significantly differing demographic characteristics between SLE patients with DAH and those with other manifestations. Multivariate analysis demonstrated coexisting neuropsychiatric lupus ( p = 0.002) and high SLE disease activity index scores (SLEDAI > 10) as independent risk factors in the development of DAH ( p = 0.029). Among the 21 SLE patients with DAH, 13 died during the admission period (in-hospital mortality rate: 61.9%). Mortality was associated with infection and requirements of mechanical ventilation. Collectively, SLE patients who have neuropsychiatric manifestations or are in the active stage of the disease have an increased risk for developing DAH. Due to the high mortality of SLE patients with DAH, early recognition of risk factors and appropriate intervention is essential.
The Stories Sites (Do Not) Tell
Authors: Dalmia Katyayani
Published: October 2010

This article examines the paucity of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)-related information on government Internet sites. Analyzing not simply the extent but also the content of the government website material, the essay attempts to show how a lack of information on the implementation of the Act is obscured by an onslaught of statistics. Given that transparency is indispensable to the working of the NREGA, and also a fundamental tenet of the government’s IT services, the unavailability of matter on the functioning of the Act deserves serious consideration. The article finally goes on to make suggestions for how the government can use its online spaces to provide useful information for both NREGA officials and civil society groups, ultimately to aid the implementation of the Act.
Understanding and Identifying the Child at Risk for Auditory Processing Disorders
Authors: Neville Kathleen , Foley Marie , Gertner Alan
Published: October 2010

Despite receiving increased professional and public awareness since the initial American Speech Language Hearing Association (ASHA) statement defining Auditory Processing Disorders (APDs) in 1993 and the subsequent ASHA statement (2005), many misconceptions remain regarding APDs in school-age children among health and academic professionals. While many disorders account for why a child has difficulty understanding auditory content, this article will provide an overview of the history of APDs, current clinical presentations, distinguish between the common and often coexisting disorders seen in school-age children, and discuss how an audiological evaluation is used to detect the presence of APDs. Using a case method approach, a clinical case scenario describing the elusive nature of APDs, the importance of comprehensive audiological testing, and the interdisciplinary role of health professionals, with emphasis on the distinct role of the school nurse will be highlighted.
Students Feeling Unsafe in School
Authors: Jacobson Gloria , Riesch Susan K. , Temkin Barbara Myers , Kedrowski Karen M. , Kluba Nina
Published: October 2010

Children of late elementary school age (fifth grade) provide evidence that many do not feel safe in their schools. The purpose of this study was to examine how children express their experiences of feeling unsafe in school. Questions guiding the study were What percentage of children in this sample report feeling unsafe at school? What are the aftereffects of feeling unsafe? and How do children describe what makes them feel unsafe? Participants included 243 fifth-grade students who, as part of their participation in a larger study, were asked, “ Have you felt unsafe at school?” Children responding affirmatively described what made them feel unsafe. Fifty-seven (23.8%) participants indicated they sometimes or always felt unsafe at school, citing teasing, bullying, or other threats that typically occurred when adults were not present. Of these, nearly a third reported being stressed and almost half felt at slight or great risk because of feeling unsafe. When children feel unsafe in school, there are implications for schools, neighborhoods, and larger communities. The related potential for children’s increased involvement in health risk behaviors because they feel unsafe merits immediate and thoughtfully planned action.
Physicochemical and Dough-handling Characteristics of Indian Wheat and Triticale Cultivars
Authors: Naik H.R. , Sekhon K.S. , Abbas Wani A.
Published: October 2010

Four bread wheat (PBW-138, PBW-299, PBW-343 and PBW-373), two durum wheat (PDW-215 and PDW-233) and two triticale cultivars (TL-419 and TL-1210) were investigated for physicochemical, milling and dough-handling properties for predicting end-use quality. Physical properties of durum wheat (PDW-215) and bread wheat (PBW-138, PBW-299 and PBW-343) cultivars were better than other wheat, durum and triticale cultivars. The compositional analysis revealed nonsignificant differences between the different cultivars; however, starch observed significant variation for different varieties. Particle size distribution indicated that triticale flours showed lower particle size than wheat and durum wheat. Dough-handling studies revealed triticale flours to be the weakest, while bread wheat flours were observed to be intermediate between durum and triticale. Among all the varieties, the bread wheat (PBW-138) variety was observed to be best, followed by PDW-215 durum wheat variety. Strong correlations were observed between physicochemical and dough-handling parameters, which can be used as quality parameter for suitable end-use.
An Evaluation of Compstat’s Effect on Crime: The Fort Worth Experience
Authors: Jang Hyunseok , Hoover Larry T. , Joo Hee-Jong
Published: October 2010

Compstat as a policing strategy became popular following the significant crime reduction in New York City during the 1990s. As an innovative management strategy in policing, Compstat attracted considerable attention from scholars and police practitioners. Despite its popularity, little empirical research has scientifically evaluated the effectiveness of the Compstat strategy. In addition, few studies have concentrated on Compstat strategies implemented during the 2000s outside New York City. This study examines the effectiveness of Compstat as implemented by the Fort Worth (Texas) Police Department (FWPD). Using monthly time-series arrest and crime data over a multiyear period, the study examines whether Compstat engendered a significant increase in “broken windows” arrests (minor nuisance offenses) and, using multivariate time-series analysis, the role of the Compstat strategy in explaining changes in violent, property, and total index crimes. Findings indicate that the implementation of Compstat significantly increased some types of broken windows arrests in the FWPD whereas others decreased. Analysis indicates significant decreases in property and total index crime rates after controlling for rival factors, but fails to show a significant change in violent crime rates. If the Fort Worth strategic approach to Compstat had to be described with a single word, it would be focusing. The Queensland study of Compstat also reported using a problem-oriented intervention model—focusing—in lieu of a broken windows approach (Mazerolle, Rombouts, & McBroom, 2007). Property crime was significantly reduced in both settings. Parallel findings from two differently constituted Compstat programs on two different continents provides evidence that the primary component of the Compstat model is focusing, not broken windows enforcement, and the primary impact is on property crime.
Differentially dangerous? Phenotypic racial stereotypicality increases implicit bias among ingroup and outgroup members
Authors: Kahn Kimberly Barsamian , Davies Paul G.
Published: October 2010

This article investigates whether within-group differences in perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality can exacerbate implicit racial stereotyping for Blacks among both ingroup and outgroup members. Two studies with non-Black (Study 1) and Black (Study 2) participants confirmed that high stereotypical (HS) Black targets (i.e., those with darker skin, broader noses and fuller lips) elicited stronger implicit bias in split-second “shoot/don’t shoot” situations than low stereotypical (LS) Black targets or White targets. Specifically, a lower shooting criterion was adopted for HS Black targets, indicating a greater willingness to shoot HS Black targets, resulting in more pronounced bias. Results suggest that the perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality of Black targets can increase the accessibility of stereotypes linking Blacks with danger, which intensifies racial bias. Further, the article provides the first empirical evidence that stereotypicality biases operate at implicit levels among Blacks when evaluating ingroup members. The implications for stereotypicality research and policing are discussed.
Judging taste and creating value
Authors: Allen Michael Patrick , Germov John
Published: October 2010

This research examines the procedural and substantive legitimacy of the Australian capital city wine show system as a cultural consecration project. The analysis is based on the ratings of 5654 wines by judges at four capital city wine shows in 2007. Large wineries are more likely to enter wines into these competitions than small wineries. In general, there is a moderate degree of agreement between judges in terms of the medals awarded to wines entered into multiple competitions. Disagreement among the judges was most pronounced in the distinctions between different medal classes and much less pronounced between wines that received medals and those that did not. The analysis confirms that wines that won medals, especially gold and silver, commanded higher release prices than other wines. The results generally confirm the legitimacy of the capital city wine show system as a means of assigning symbolic as well as economic value to premium wines.
Media framing through stages of a political discourse: International news agencies’ coverage of Kosovo’s status negotiations
Authors: Camaj Lindita
Published: October 2010

This study investigates the persistence of news frames cross-nationally and over time by analyzing the international news agencies’ coverage of Kosovo’s status negotiations over a period of two years. The results suggest a congruency in international news agencies reporting, who mainly employ the ‘episodic frame’ and emphasize the ‘conflict’ nature of the issue. However, a major difference in frame choice emerged between western and non-western agencies, while news frames over the two-year period appeared to be static rather than dynamic. Overall, this study implies that event-oriented factors, such as professional norms, tend to drive the framing of international news. Yet these norms are embedded in the journalistic culture of the country where the news-people originate from, and this culture is becoming more homogeneous along with the process of globalization.
Flickr and the culture of connectivity: Sharing views, experiences, memories
Authors: van Dijck José
Published: October 2010

Photo sharing sites such as Flickr are commonly regarded either as spaces where communal views and experiences evolve as a result of picture exchange, or as visual archives where sharing pictures in the present naturally leads to a collective interpretation of the past. This article proposes regarding Flickr as a social media platform annex database that enables the construction of infinite connections. Platforms such as Flickr are firmly embedded in a culture of connectivity, a culture where the powerful structures of social networking sites are gradually penetrating the core of our daily routines and practices. What is often called ‘collective memory’ or ‘cultural heritage’ in relation to digital photo sharing sites is largely the result of data linked up by means of computer code and institutional protocols.
Diet Diversity in Complementary Feeding and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 0 to 24 Months in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunba Beatrice Olubukola
Published: October 2010

Diversification in complementary feeding of children is important in meeting the need for essential nutrients. This study investigated diet diversification in complementary feeding of children between the ages of 0 and 24 months. The cross-sectional study was carried out in Osun State of Nigeria and 450 mothers were interviewed. Results revealed that diet was based on cereals, roots, and tubers with little animal products. The consumption of protein-rich foods, both of plant and animal origin, was particularly low. None of these foods recorded 50% of total consumption, except for milk with 50.4%. Fewer than 30% of the children population consumed legumes. Foods such as meat, eggs, and fish recorded below 50% consumption as well. Cheese was not consumed at all in the rural communities. Only 9.7% consumed vegetables and 12.9% consumed fruits. Most of the children experienced stunting (58.2%), followed by wasting (7.8%), and underweight (23.8%). Diet diversity was also shown to be associated with socioeconomic status of households. Diet diversity can be recommended for achieving diet adequacy in complementary feeding of young children.