bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Benefits Assessment of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Treatment of High Plasticity Clay
Authors: Samuel Rinu , Puppala Anand J. , Radovic Miladin
Published: December 2020

Expansive soils are prevalent world over and cause significant hazards and monetary losses due to infrastructure damages caused by their swelling and shrinking behavior. Expansive soils have been conventionally treated using chemical additives such as lime and cement, which are known to significantly improve their strength and volume-change properties. The production of lime and cement is one of the highest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, because of their energy-intensive manufacturing processes. Hence, there is a pressing need for sustainable alternative chemical binders. Geopolymers are a relatively new class of aluminosilicate polymers that can be synthesized from industrial by-products at ambient temperatures. Geopolymer-treated soils are known to have comparable strength and stiffness characteristics of lime and cement-treated soils. This study evaluates the sustainability benefits of a metakaolin-based geopolymer treatment for an expansive soil and compares its results with lime treatment. Test results have shown that geopolymers have significantly improved strength, stiffness, and volume-change properties of expansive soils. Increased dosages and curing periods have resulted in further property enhancements. Swell and shrinkage studies also indicated reductions in these strains when compared to control conditions. The sustainability benefits of both geopolymer and lime treatment methods are evaluated using a framework that incorporates resource consumption, environmental, and socio-economic concerns. This study demonstrates geopolymer treatment of expansive soils as a more sustainable alternative for expansive soil treatments, primarily due to metakaolin source material. Overall results indicated that geopolymers can be viable additives or co-additives for chemical stabilization of problematic expansive soils.
Photovoltaic Modules Selection from Shading Effects on Different Materials
Authors: Lin Guoqian , Bimenyimana Samuel , Tseng Ming-Lang , Wang Ching-Hsin , Liu Yuwei , Li Lingling
Published: December 2020

This study aims to provide photovoltaic module selection with better performance in the shading condition for improving production efficiency and reducing photovoltaic system investment cost through the symmetry concept, combining both solar energy mathematical and engineering principles. The study builds a symmetrical photovoltaic model and uses the series-parallel circuit theory, piecewise function and Matlab simulation. The voltage and current output characteristics of commercial photovoltaic modules made of different materials and structures are analyzed and their shading effects are evaluated. The results show that for each photovoltaic module, the output power is directly proportional to the irradiance. The output voltage of the photovoltaic module slightly increases and the output current greatly decreases from no shading to shading. The rate of output power reduction varies for each photovoltaic module type when the irradiance changes. The thin film modules show a lower output power reduction rate than crystalline photovoltaic modules from no shading to shading and they have good adaptability to shading. The use of thin film photovoltaic modules is recommended when the shading condition cannot be avoided.
Resilient Urbanization: A Systematic Review on Urban Discourse in Pakistan
Authors: Abdul Latif , Yu Tao-fang
Published: December 2020

Urbanization is a common phenomenon in the modern world. It has come with new challenges, especially for developing countries. Such countries, therefore, have to stay ahead in their preparedness efforts to meet these urban issues halfway. Unfortunately, urban residents in Pakistan are living in serious social, physical, and economic hardships. Despite being economic engines, cities in Pakistan suffer from stresses like climate change, haphazard and unregulated expansion, housing shortage, and a lack of basic civic amenities. While using systematic review methodology, we collected published and grey data from national and international sources. Literature shows that successive governments in Pakistan gave ample space to urban development in most of the policy documents. However, urban resilience and community engagement were given scant attention. This major gap, both in policy and practice, needs to be bridged to promote resilient and sustainable urbanization in Pakistan.
Virus-Like Particle Based Vaccines Elicit Neutralizing Antibodies against the HIV-1 Fusion Peptide
Authors: Mogus Alemu Tekewe , Liu Lihong , Jia Manxue , Ajayi Diane T. , Xu Kai , Kong Rui , Huang Jing , Yu Jian , Kwong Peter D. , Mascola John R. , Ho David D. , Tsuji Moriya , Chackerian Bryce
Published: December 2020

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) isolated from HIV-infected individuals delineate vulnerable sites on the HIV envelope glycoprotein that are potential vaccine targets. A linear epitope within the N-terminal region of the HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP8) is the primary target of VRC34.01, a bnAb that neutralizes ~50% of primary HIV isolates. FP8 has attracted attention as a potential HIV vaccine target because it is a simple linear epitope. Here, platform technologies based on RNA bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLPs) were used to develop multivalent vaccines targeting the FP8 epitope. Both recombinant MS2 VLPs displaying the FP8 peptide and Qβ VLPs displaying chemically conjugated FP8 peptide induced high titers of FP8-specific antibodies in mice. Moreover, a heterologous prime-boost-boost regimen employing the two FP8-VLP vaccines and native envelope trimer was the most effective approach for eliciting HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies. Given the potent immunogenicity of VLP-based vaccines, this vaccination strategy—inspired by bnAb-guided epitope mapping, VLP bioengineering, and prime-boost immunization approaches—may be a useful strategy for eliciting bnAb responses against HIV.
Correction: Floris, I., et al. How the Infestation Level of Varroa destructor Affects the Distribution Pattern of Multi-Infested Cells in Worker Brood of Apis mellifera. Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 136
Authors: Floris Ignazio , Pusceddu Michelina , Satta Alberto
Published: December 2020

We have recently been made aware by the reviewer and the Journal Editorial Offices of the following weaknesses in our recent paper [...]
The Outcome and CT Findings of Low-Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy with SQAP in a Cat with Thymoma
Authors: Kutara Kenji , Mochizuki Yohei , Ohnishi Akihiro , Mitsui Ikki , Kanda Teppei , Sugiyama Akihiko , Maeta Noritaka , Kobayashi Kosuke , Shimizu Yuki , Okamura Yasuhiko , Asanuma Taketoshi
Published: December 2020

A 9-year-old male intact domestic cat weighing 4.6 kg was referred for tachypnea. A large mass was visible in computed tomography (CT) scans of the thoracic cavity. A histopathological evaluation of the mass was consistent with thymoma. The cat was treated with 2 × 8 Gy intensity modulated radiation therapy and sulfoquinovosyl acyl propanediol (SQAP). Post radiation therapy (RT), the tumor structure appeared cystic in the CT, and the tumor volume decreased by approximately 80% after aspiration than that before aspiration. The tumor was removed surgically. RT treatment with SQAP made it possible to treat the thymoma with a low total radiation dose.
Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in Hyporheic Zone Sediments of Contrasting Organic Carbon Content and Impact on the Microbiome
Authors: Rutere Cyrus , Posselt Malte , Horn Marcus A.
Published: December 2020

The organic carbon in streambed sediments drives multiple biogeochemical reactions, including the attenuation of organic micropollutants. An attenuation assay using sediment microcosms differing in the initial total organic carbon (TOC) revealed higher microbiome and sorption associated removal efficiencies of trace organic compounds (TrOCs) in the high-TOC compared to the low-TOC sediments. Overall, the combined microbial and sorption associated removal efficiencies of the micropollutants were generally higher than by sorption alone for all compounds tested except propranolol whose removal efficiency was similar via both mechanisms. Quantitative real-time PCR and time-resolved 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that higher bacterial abundance and diversity in the high-TOC sediments correlated with higher microbial removal efficiencies of most TrOCs. The bacterial community in the high-TOC sediment samples remained relatively stable against the stressor effects of TrOC amendment compared to the low-TOC sediment community that was characterized by a decline in the relative abundance of most phyla except Proteobacteria. Bacterial genera that were significantly more abundant in amended relative to unamended sediment samples and thus associated with biodegradation of the TrOCs included Xanthobacter, Hyphomicrobium, Novosphingobium, Reyranella and Terrimonas. The collective results indicated that the TOC content influences the microbial community dynamics and associated biotransformation of TrOCs as well as the sorption potential of the hyporheic zone sediments.
Understanding the Role of Shallow Groundwater in Improving Field Water Productivity in Arid Areas
Authors: Gao Xiaoyu , Qu Zhongyi , Huo Zailin , Tang Pengcheng , Qiao Shuaishuai
Published: December 2020

Soil water and salt transport in soil profiles and capillary rise from shallow groundwater are significant seasonal responses that help determine irrigation schedules and agricultural development in arid areas. In this study the Agricultural Water Productivity Model for Shallow Groundwater (AWPM-SG) was modified by adding a soil salinity simulation to precisely describe the soil water and salt cycle, calculating capillary fluxes from shallow groundwater using readily available data, and simulating the effect of soil salinity on crop growth. The model combines an analytical solution of upward flux from groundwater using the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) crop growth model. The modified AWPM-SG was calibrated and validated with a maize field experiment run in 2016 in which predicted soil moisture, soil salinity, groundwater depth, and leaf area index were in agreement with the observations. To investigate the response of the model, various scenarios with varying groundwater depth and groundwater salinity were run. The inhibition of groundwater salinity on crop yield was slightly less than that on crop water use, while the water consumption of maize with a groundwater depth of 1 m is 3% less than that of 2 m, and the yield of maize with groundwater depth of 1 m is only 1% less than that of 2 m, under the groundwater salinity of 2.0 g/L. At the same groundwater depth, the higher the salinity, the greater the corn water productivity, and the smaller the corn irrigation water productivity. Consequently, using modified AWPM-SG in irrigation scheduling will be beneficial to save more water in areas with shallow groundwater.
Sex offenders у політиці соціального контролю: до питання про реактуалізацію концепції небезпечного стану особи
Authors: Ягунов Д.
Published: December 2020

Стаття присвячена дослідженню сучасних тенденцій політики соціального контролю у західних країнах, спрямованих на убезпечення суспільства від сексуального насильства. Стаття містить аналіз політичних трансформацій – від «кримінального права свободи» до «кримінального права ризиків».
Inequality and the changing nature of work in Peru
Authors: Ballon Paola , Dávalos Jorge
Published: December 2020

This paper identifies the socioeconomic drivers of earnings inequality in Peru in the period 2004–18. Using the ENAHO household surveys and data on routine task content of occupations, we apply inequality decomposition methods to the real earnings distribution, its quantiles, and the Gini index. We find that in this period inequality has reduced, with great improvement attributed to reductions in the gender wage gap and macroeconomic factors. However, we did not find strong evidence for factors related to changes in workers’ attributes or shifts in job characteristics, except for a slight enhancing effect of the task content of occupations, which increases in importance as we move from ‘poorer’ to ‘richer’ deciles.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА НАПРЯМИ РОЗВИТКУ ДЕМОКРАТІЇ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: І. В. ШКУРАТ
Published: December 2020

У статті висвітлено питання щодо поняття «демократія»,проаналізовано та узагальнено основні форми та види демократії. Тимсамим, автором реалізовано мету роботи, що полягає в дослідженнірозвитку демократії, її основних напрямів та проблем в Україні в епохуглобалізації. Встановлено, що демократія в наш час перетворилась насамоцінність. Демократія дозволяє досягти більш високих темпівзростання, що в середньому демократії і недемократії забезпечуютьприблизно однакові темпи зростання загального доходу. Обґрунтовано,що для економічного зростання неважливо якою є політична система.Досліджено, що коли починається зростання, то важлива інвестиційнастабільність.
Application of high performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector for the determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in disinfectants
Authors:   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance 	on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Merkulova Daria A. , Ivanova Anastasia S. ,   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance 	on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Salimova Anna D. ,   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance 	on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Andreev Sergey V. ,   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance 	on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Efimova Yulia A. ,   Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies of MIREA – Russian Technological University
Published: December 2020

Cationic surfactants based disinfectants have been widely used in practice for over 20 years. Despite the significant advances in analytical chemistry during this period, the determination of mixtures of several quaternary ammonium compounds in one disinfectant still causes certain difficulties. This work describes the separation in the combined presence of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, alkyldimethyl (ethylbenzyl) ammonium chloride, and dimethyldioctylammonium chloride in disinfectants using high performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector. The method was tested on model solutions and real disinfectants. The linearity range for alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride was from 0.03 to 0.17 %, for alkyldimethyl (ethylbenzyl) ammonium chloride – from 0.03 to 0.15 %, and from 0.01 to 0.11 % for dimethyldioctylammonium chloride. The calculated relative error of the method did not exceed 9 %. Thus, the proposed method can be used to analyze preparative forms of disinfectants containing these and other cationic surfactants.
Retrospective analysis of developments on the use of sterilization packaging materials for medical devices (literature review)
Authors:   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Melnikova Galina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The article discusses issues related to the creation and use of packaging materials for different types of products, including those specially designed for placing medical devices in them, before sterilization. The changes taking place related to the improvement of the barrier properties of packages to extend the preservation period of sterility of medical devices (both new types and complex in design) sterilized by different methods are noted. It is shown how over the course of several years new materials have been developed, technologies/methods of processing and reprocessing of raw materials and materials have changed, which make it possible to obtain packaging materials of different chemical nature and properties. Changes in existing packages from traditional materials (metal) to of single-use sterilization packages of a new generation with improved manufacturing technologies that provide mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of packages differing in types, sizes, material properties are noted. The priority in the use of packaging materials for medical devices remains for materials that meet the requirements of GOST ISO 11607 "Packaging for medical devices subject to terminal sterilization", since the standard imposes more stringent requirements for the execution of packaging materials.
Operational control over non-state proxies
Authors: Bryjka Filip
Published: December 2020

The intention of this paper is to clarify how state patrons control non-state proxy forces fighting on their behalf. In order to address the subject matter thoroughly, specific attention was paid to a number of questions including a) the criteria determining patronproxy relations, b) factors influencing the selection process of proxy forces, and c) principles governing the maximisation of potential benefits of using proxies, whilst simultaneously reducing risks and associated costs. The author applied a neo-realistic research paradigm to his work. Patron-proxy relations were presented in the context of the principal-agent theory, as well as through detailed analysis of ongoing scenarios involving Iran and Hezbollah, Russia and the Donbass separatists, Pakistan and Kashmiri militias, the US and Syrian rebels. The essence of war by proxy is to influence the strategic result of an armed conflict without direct, full-scale, military intervention. The use of non-state proxy, external actors is aimed at maximising their political goals and strategic interests whilst maintaining “plausible deniability”. By supporting non-state proxies, indirectly or by providing limited direct assistance, sponsors operate below the threshold of war. Empirical analysis of proxy war cases proves that such models may both guarantee “strategic victory” or become a “double-edged sword”. One of the key challenges for external powers engaged in war by proxy is to avoid unintended consequences (blowback). The author argues that elements such as ideology, ethnicity or religion do not necessarily ensure control over proxies, whilst the range of common goals and interests, and the level of the proxy’s dependency, are crucial.
RELATIONAL STUDY BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AND GOLD PRICE: LATEST MALAYSIAN EVIDENCE
Authors: Md Isa Mohamad Azwan , A Latif Ruziah , Nasrul Ferri , Zaharum Zaibedah , Noh Mohd Khairul Ariff
Published: December 2020

Gold is one of the world-leading commodities, which is sought after as jewellery as well as an investment. Despite gold advantage as a reliable store of value, its price has been as fluctuating as other commodities or assets such as crude oil and stock. Therefore, investors should be aware that gold is not totally resistant to market turmoil and economic crisis. Gold could be as vulnerable as other traditional investment vehicles. Hence, this paper focuses on investigating the macroeconomic variables affecting gold prices in Malaysia using monthly data from 2014 to 2018. This study uses Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression tests to determine significant relationships and effects between the independent variables, namely interest rates, inflation rates, crude oil price, and exchange rates with the dependent variable, namely gold price. The findings show that the interest rate has a significant negative effect on gold price while inflation rate, crude oil price, and exchange rate have a significant positive effect on gold price in Malaysia, respectively. The results suggest valuable information and insight to policymakers, researchers, and investors in decision making.
Low-temperature annealing behavior of defects in Mg-ion-implanted GaN studied using MOS diodes and monoenergetic positron beam
Authors: Akazawa Masamichi , Kamoshida Ryo , Murai Shunta , Kachi Tetsu , Uedono Akira
Published: December 2020

Mg ions were implanted into Si-doped (5 × 1017 cm–3) n-GaN at a dose of 1.5 × 1011 or 1.5 × 1012 cm–2. MOS diodes were used to characterize the implanted GaN after 300 °C annealing for 3 h and after additional 500 °C annealing for 3 min. Although capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics varied with the dosage, the effects of acceptor-like defects induced by ion implantation were observed in the C–V characteristics independently of dosage and annealing temperature. A defect level at approximately 0.25 eV below the conduction band edge was detected electrically. By positron annihilation spectroscopy, its origin was identified as a divacancy consisting of Ga and N vacancies. It was found that its density compared with that of as-implanted GaN decreased with 300 °C annealing, and further increased with 500 °C annealing. This phenomenon was explained on the basis of the difference between the diffusion barriers of possible point defects.
Spectro-ellipsometric modeling and optimization of two-dimensional Ge layer and three-dimensional Ge dot/island structures on SiO2 substrates
Authors: Akazawa Housei
Published: December 2020

Morphological structures of two-dimensional (2D) Ge thin films and three-dimensional (3D) Ge dots/islands grown on SiO2 substrates were analyzed with UV–visible spectroscopic ellipsometry. The pseudo-dielectric functions (〈ε〉 = 〈ε
1〉 + i〈ε
2〉) were calculated under the Bruggeman effective medium approximation. The 〈ε〉 spectra of 2D films were well fitted with a simulation assuming a single-layer or two-layer model. The single-layer model has a mixture of c-Ge, a-Ge, and void components. The two-layer model has a base-layer consisting of 100% c-Ge and a surface-roughness layer consisting of a mixture of c-Ge, a-Ge, and voids. In the case of 3D films, the overall shape of the 〈ε〉 spectra could only be reproduced by using a two-layer model: a base-layer consisting of mixtures of c-Ge and a-Ge with a surface-roughness layer consisting of c-Ge, a-Ge, and voids. The degree of disagreement correlated with the root mean square surface roughness measured by atomic force microscopy.
In situ SEM observation and interface adhesion strength analysis of a serpentine interconnect on a flexible electronic composite film
Authors: Chen Cheng , Chen Rui , Gu Wanghang , Liu Bing , Ji Hongwei
Published: December 2020

The buckling deformation of a serpentine interconnect on a flexible electronic composite film is analyzed by a scanning electron microscope miniature tensile stage in situ observation workstation. The buckle formed at the junction of the interconnect pattern under a tensile load is observed. Combined with the buckle size and a theoretical model, the interface adhesion energy and shear stress are derived. The relationship between thickness of the interconnect Cu layer and interface performance is further analyzed. Results show that within the thickness range of 25–500 nm, a 75 nm thick serpentine interconnect has the best adhesion performance on a flexible substrate (about 10.09 J m–2).
Hubungan antara Lokasi Penusukan Kateter Intravena dengan Kejadian Plebitis Mekanik di Ruang Rawat Inap Cendana RS. USU Medan
Authors: Saragih Nurlela Petra , Sirait Lusiana Lusia
Published: December 2020

Terapi Intravena digunakan untuk memperbaiki kondisi pasien dalam mempertahanan cairan tubuh. Salah satu komplikasi terapi intravena adalah plebitis. Plebitis mekanik sering dihubungkan dengan pemasangan atau penempatan kateter intravena. Penempatan kateter pada area fleksi lebih sering menimbulkan kejadian plebitis, oleh karena pada saat ekstremitas digerakkan kateter yang terpasang ikut bergerak dan menyebabkan trauma pada dinding vena sehingga menyebabkan plebitis mekanik. Metode yang digunakan adalah korelasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dengan sampel 61 responden. Alat analisis yang digunakan dengan analisis Chi-Square (X2) dari sistem analisa komputerisasi SPSS 22.00. Data penelitian menunjukkan : Karakteristik responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki (50,8 %) dan sebahagian besar berpendidikan SMA (41 %). Lokasi penusukan kateter intravena terbanyak yaitu vena metakarpal (63,9 %) dan kejadian plebitis sebanyak (11,5 %). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan antara lokasi penusukan kateter intravena dengan kejadian plebitis mekanik terlihat dari p value = 0,035). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, ada hubungan antara lokasi penusukan kateter intravena dengan kejadian plebitis mekanik. Saran bagi perawat untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dalam melakukan tehnik insersi dan pemilihan lokasi pemasangan kateter intravena untuk mengurangi terjadinya plebitis. Bagi rumah sakit perlu diadakan penyegaran lanjutan tentang prosedur tindakan termasuk pemasangan kateter intravena untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi tindakan yang mungkin terjadi. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang pencegahan plebitis
Pengaruh Paparan Pestisida Pada Masa Kehamilan Terhadap Kejadian Autisme
Authors: Juanda Ghina Risky
Published: December 2020

Pestisida merupakan suatu bahan kimia yang sering digunakan untuk mengendalikan/membasmi organisme pengganggu, hal ini sangat menguntungkan bagi hasil produksi pertanian. Namun, beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa penggunaan pestisida memiliki dampak negatif terutama bagi kesehatan pengguna pestisida baik itu petani maupun konsumen. Salah satu kelompok yang paling berisiko terhadap dampak pestisida adalah perempuan, hal ini disebabkan karena peran dari perempuan dalam sektor pertanian sangat besar. Paparan pestisida selama kehamilan dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan pada anak. Pestisida memiliki efek EDC (Endocrine Disruptor Chemical) atau memiliki sifat antitiroid, faktor yang dapat menyebabkan autisme. Beberapa jenis pestisida yang memiliki efek EDC antara lain 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), mancozeb, acetochlor, aminotriazole, aminotrole, bromoxynil, pendamethalin, dan thiourea. Bahan-bahan ini dapat berkompetisi dengan reseptor hormon tiroid sehingga menyebabkan hormon tiroid tidak dapat berikatan dengan reseptor, kerja hormon tiroid dapat terinhibisi dan terjadilah kondisi hipotiroid. Penurunan kadar tiroid dapat menurunkan kemampuan pertumbuhan dari dendrit pada sel purkinje di cerebellum yang diperantarai oleh hormon tiroid. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi neuroanatomi dan neurokemistri dari neurotransmitter pada otak sehingga dapat menyebabkan kondisi autisme. Anak dengan autisme dapat mengalami gangguan pada aktivitas sensorik, motorik yang repetitif dan keterbatasan minat atau kelebihan minat pada suatu hal tertentu
PENGARUH PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP PENERAPAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN AIR MINUM (PAM) TIRTA MANGKALUKU KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Taha Irma Andi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengendalian internal terhadap penerapan good corporate governance pada Perusahaan Air Minum Tirta Mangkaluku Kota Palopo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah karyawan Perusahaan Air Minum Tirta Mangkaluku Kota Palopo. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 72 responden. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian internal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerapan good corporate governance.Kata Kunci : Pengendalian Internal, Good Corporate Governance.
Szinkrontolmácsok együttműködése a tolmácskabinban
Authors: Seresi Márta , Láncos Petra Lea
Published: December 2020

A koronavírus elleni védekezés egyik következményeként a szink- rontolmácsok sokszor kabintársuktól fizikailag elkülönítve kénytelenek dolgozni, ez pedig az együttműködésükre is kihat. Kérdőíves kutatásunkban azt vizsgáltuk meg, milyen támogatást nyújtanak egymásnak a szinkrontolmácsok munka köz- ben, milyen további támogatásra lenne szükségük, és mi hiányzik nekik, amikor partner nélkül kénytelenek szinkrontolmácsolni. Kutatásunk lehetővé tette, hogy a kapott adatok alapján összehasonlítsuk a tolmácsképzésben, valamint a képesítő vizsgával végzett tolmácsok válaszait, és következtetéseket vonjunk le a két demog- ráfiában észlelhető különbségekre, hasonlóságokra nézve.
PECULIARITIES OF HYDROACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION ON A WEDGED SHELF
Authors: Долгих Г.И. , Будрин С.С. , Долгих С.Г. , Овчаренко В.В. , Чупин В.А. , Швец В.А. , Яковенко С.В.
Published: December 2020

При исследовании различных гидрофизических и гидроакустических волновых процессов крайне важно знать закономерности их распространения в море убывающей глубины, особенно в шельфовых областях, а также закономерности их трансформации в сейсмоакустические процессы земной коры. В ходе обработки и анализа экспериментальных данных комплексного эксперимента в данной статье исследуются эти закономерности. В эксперименте использовались низкочастотный гидроакустический излучатель, генерирующий гармонические колебания на частоте 22 Гц, приемные гидроакустические системы и береговой лазерный деформограф. Установлено, что гидроакустические волны, распространяющиеся по шельфу убывающей глубины, трансформируются в сейсмоакустические волны при глубинах моря, равных или меньше половины гидроакустической длины волны. Сравнение результатов данной статьи с ранее полученными результатами позволило утверждать, что такие закономерности должны быть присущи всем гидрофизическим и гидроакустическим процессам.

When studying the various hydrophysical and hydroacoustic wave processes, it is extremely important to know the regularities of their propagation in the sea of decreasing depth, especially in the shelf areas, as well as the regularities of their transformation into seismoacoustic processes of the earth’s crust. In the course of processing and analyzing the experimental data of the complex experiment, these regularities are investigated in this article. The experiment used a low- frequency hydroacoustic emitter generating harmonic oscillations at a frequency of 22 Hz, receiving hydroacoustic systems and a coastal laser strainmeter. It has been established that hydroacoustic waves propagating along a shelf of decreasing depth are transformed into seismoacoustic waves at sea depths equal to less than half of the hydroacoustic wavelength. Comparison of the results of this article with previously obtained results made it possible to assert that such regularities should be inherent in all hydrophysical and hydroacoustic processes.
IDENTIFICATION OF NORMAL WAVES FORMING A SOUND FIELD IN A SHALLOW SEA AT THE INFRASONIC FREQUENCY RANGE. Part I
Authors: Касаткин С.Б.
Published: December 2020

Анализируются результаты экспериментальных исследований звукового поля, зарегистрированного комбинированными приемниками, образующими вертикально ориентированную трехэлементную антенну. Звуковое поле формировалось шумами НИС «Юрий Молоков» в инфразвуковом диапазоне частот. Глубина моря и рабочий диапазон частот исключали возможность возбуждения нормальных волн дискретного спектра в модельном волноводе Пекериса. По результатам спектрального анализа шумового сигнала получена оценка потенциальной помехоустойчивости комбинированного приемника при использовании полного набора информативных параметров, характеризующих энергетическую структуру звукового поля. По результатам анализа вертикальной структуры звукового поля был сделан вывод о том, что звуковое поле сформировано неоднородными нормальными волнами, локализованными на горизонте источника, которые относятся к обобщенным (гибридным) волнам. По результатам анализа вертикального волнового числа, которое принимает чисто мнимые значения в поле неоднородных волн, были получены оценки групповой скорости переноса энергии в рабочем диапазоне частот и выполнена идентификация неоднородных нормальных волн, формирующих суммарное звуковое поле.

The results of experimental studies of the sound field recorded by combined receivers forming a vertically oriented three-element antenna are analyzed. The sound field was formed by the noise of the science ship «Yuri Molokov» in the infrasonic frequency range. The depth of the sea and the operating frequency range excluded the possibility of excitation of normal waves of the discrete spectrum in the model Pekeris waveguide. Based on the results of the spectral analysis of the noise signal, an estimate of the potential noise immunity of the combined receiver was obtained using a full set of informative parameters characterizing the energy structure of the sound field. Based on the results of the analysis of the vertical structure of the sound field, it was concluded that the sound field is formed by inhomogeneous normal waves localized at the source horizon, which are referred to as generalized (hybrid) waves. Based on the results of the analysis of the vertical wavenumber, which takes on purely imaginary values in the field of inhomogeneous waves, estimates of the group velocity of energy transfer in the operating frequency range were obtained and identification of inhomogeneous normal waves that form the total sound field was performed.
Critical assessment on business strategy from aviation to retail industry during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nilufer Nilufer
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 has deeper effects on our current understanding of business strategy and its implementation. Strategic management practices became more mandatory. In fact, it is a continuous process exploiting the opportunities for the sake of competitive advantages. From the aviation industry to retail, the new normal will continue to affect the value chain process of traditional companies. As a case in this study, Walmart is a well-known company with its cost leadership strategy. Cost is controlled by its most efficient value chain system, which includes all the activities from the buying of raw material to sending a product to the market. This efficient working approach and cost leadership strategy of the organization make it competitive across the globe. The company has a hand on to deal with the challenges from the internal and external environment due to changing technology and people demand. This literature-based study tries to cover the business strategy of Walmart, especially the low-cost leadership strategy and management activities in the value chain system.
Status prawny zwierząt a ich kategoryzacja biologiczna
Authors: Janowski Michał
Published: December 2020

Polish legal regulations protecting animals are inconsistent. The Act of 21 August 1997 on Animal Protection and the Act of 15 January 2015 on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes accord protection to different categories of animals. These regulations should be harmonized due to the underlying values. In addition, the current model of animal protection in Poland requires consideration. Polish regulations protecting animals have not been preceded by a reflection on the special features of some groups of animals. In particular, Polish law does not take account of the fact that some animals have higher cognitive functions, including non-linguistic ability to recognize themselves – awareness of self. The article characterizes the phenomenon of animal self-awareness, which should be relevant in discussions on the legal status of some animals.
Prawo naturalne w ramach radykalnego oświecenia
Authors: Wendland Michał
Published: December 2020

The main difference between classical (both ancient and medieval) and modern concepts of natural law lies in the assumption of its supernatural (divine) foundation. Early modern philosophical concepts tend to undermine and gradually to deny God or some other metaphysical entity as the source of natural law. Some contemporary scholars (e.g. Habermas, Bobbio) define this process as transition (modernization, rationalization, Positivisierung) of traditional natural law towards the idea of natural rights and human rights.

We can distinguish at least three main schools of natural law during the 17th and 18th centuries, each one more radical than the others: de Groot dares to consider the natural law “as if there were no God”. The philosophers of early Enlightenment (e.g. Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire) were perhaps more daring, nevertheless they were all deists and the “Supreme Being” still validates natural law in their writings.

The article aims to examine the most radical view on natural law, i.e. partly forgotten and underestimated ideas of French materialists: La Mettrie, Diderot, Holbach, Mably, and Condorcet. For they were all thinkers of the radical Enlightenment (J. Israel), all of them were materialists and atheists, and they perceived the nature and natural law as completely separated from God or other supernatural being. Unlike their older colleagues, these radical philosophers demanded equality (for women and ethnical minorities as well), emancipation, and social justice for all classes.

This papers describes the idea of natural law within the radical Enlightenment movement,and investigates some political consequences of this interpretation during the French Revolution. While strongly materialistic, progressive, and atheist, the ideas of Diderot, Holbach, Mably, and Condorcet were also perceived as politically dangerous. All revolutionary attempts to put these ideas into political and social practice have failed. Finally, these ideas were refuted, but they returned during the 19th- and 20th-century debates on human rights.
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ORGANIZATION IN THE CURRENT CRISIS
Authors: Zarubina Yuliya
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the strategy of managing an organization during a crisis in con-junction with the revision of operational performance indicators and normalization of key perfor-mance indicators.
Protesting Images Questionnaire
Authors: Piskur Bojana , Tillmans Wolfgang , Dimitrakaki Angela , Mitchell W.J.T. , van Alphen Ernst , Pfeifer Mario , Orski Witek , Cichocki Sebastian , Szreder Kuba , Sasnal Wilhelm , Żubrzyce / European Bison Ladies  , Jach Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

We asked several curators, critics, theorists, artists to share their thoughts on the intricate relationship between images and protest. Below are their textual-visual responses. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all of you who accepted our invitation. This is a timely and important conversation.
BASIC ASPECTS OF THE FISCAL POLICY OF THE STATE IN THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia, ALIYEV B. Kh.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the current state of the fiscal policy of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which is a combination of diverse economic management measures based on the distribution and redistribution of financial flows. The analysis of fiscal policy on the example of the subject of the Russian Federation (Republic of Dagestan). The article outlines the problematic issues of the tax policy of the Republic of Dagestan and suggests ways to overcome the identified problems.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ESTABLISHING OUTPATIENT CT-CENTERS AND THE NEED TO REOPEN ALL ORGANIZATIONS AND ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of IBM5 “Finance”, Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman, Moscow, Russia E. V. KOSTYRIN,, SOKOLOV E. V. , KOSTYRIN E. V. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of IBM5 “Finance”, Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article shows the effectiveness of 24-hour outpatient CT-centers for the treatment of COVID-19. A comparative analysis of the expenditure of mandatory health insurance funds for the provision of outpatient and inpatient medical care to the population of Moscow was carried out, and the economic effect of transferring all patients with coronavirus with a non-severe form (light and medium) from round-the-clock hospitals to home treatment was estimated. It is proved that at present, the most important thing for defeating the pandemic is the gradual, taking into account all existing restrictions (distance between citizens, hand disinfection, temperature measurement, sanitary treatment of premises and vehicles, testing for coronavirus and antibodies, etc.), the resumption of work of all enterprises, organizations and self-employed citizens.
FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE AND SUBJECTIVE COMPOSITION OF CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF JSC «SCIENTIFIC AND PRODUCTION CORPORATION «PRECISION INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS»
Authors:   Student, Russian University of Transport, Moscow, Russia, DOROZHINSKY S.V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the features of procurement in the framework of the state defense order by conducting trade procedures. The analysis shows that the regulatory framework for state defense orders includes both general acts for the entire public procurement system and special acts regulating relations specifically in the field of defense orders. The features of legal regulation in this sphere are determined, first of all, by the defense order specifics, but, primarily, this sphere as a whole is subject to the rules of legal regulation common to the sphere of public procurement.
MANAGEMENT OF EXTRA-BUDGETARY ACTIVITIES OF STATE (MUNICIPAL) SPORTS AND LEISURE INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Authors:   Master, 2nd year, State University of Management Moscow, Russia, SHEVTSOVA A. Yu. , SHEVTSOV S. S. ,   Director of the State Budgetary Institution «Center of Physical Culture and Sports «Sport-Butovo», Moscow, Russia, Sherbachenko P.S. ,   PhD, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

Practical legislative activity in the application of Public-private partnership is based on the principles of scale for the subjects of implementation, the scope of work or services, geographical and political and economic characteristics. Currently, there is an experience of successful implementation of projects of regional, Federal and international importance. In the conditions of the applied practice, certain elements of the imperfect legislative mechanism were revealed, which subsequently underwent regulatory and legal revision. Methodical recommendations, expert opinions at the places of execution of the project stages, which have become fundamental in the adoption of certain legislative initiatives by the Executive authorities, have been developed. The principle of priority consolidates the attention of lawmakers to strategically important projects for the state, highlighting no less important areas of social activity in the field-municipalities (territorial Executive authorities), also in need of intellectual support of management tools.
ECOSYSTEM "INDUSTRY 4.0" OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN THE CONDITIONS OF WORLD CHALLENGES
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics of Innovation, Samara National Research University named after Academician S. P. Korolyov, Samara, Russia, PODBORNOVA E. S.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to a review of the current problems of the fourth industrial revolution, namely, the development of the Industry 4.0 ecosystem in the automotive sector. The following issues were considered: globalization of world industry; digital technologies as the main component in industrial competition; innovation ecosystem; analysis of statistical data of the world's largest consulting audit companies; directions of modernization of the existing system in the context of the identified problems, as well as recommendations in connection with the current situation with COVID-19.
INTERACTION OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES WITH THE REGIONAL INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS OF ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA
Authors:   1st Year Student, Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia, TIMAKHOV K. V.
Published: December 2020

BRICS that is a group of five influential countries located on different continents of the planet attracts attention of many political scientists and economists who are trying to assess its potential. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze relations between the BRICS member states and various regional integration associations of Asia and Latin America. This topic is of great scientific interest due to the significant divisions that are taking place in the world when trade wars are being waged, relations between the West and the East are aggravating, which pushes the countries, involved in these processes, to strengthen relations with third parties to ensure their own security.
SMALL BUSINESS WITHOUT UTII: ORGANIZATIONS GO TO A OTHER TAX REGIME
Authors:   Candidate of Economics Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Management, Academy of Social Management, Moscow, Russia, MESHKOVA D. A.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the issue of choosing a different taxation regime by organizations in connection with the abolition of Chapter 1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation regulating the UTII system on January 2021, 26.3. For a significant part of organizations using this system, the transition is clear – a simplified taxation system, provided that the criterion of the maximum size for income and the residual value of depreciable property is met. Under this regime, the taxpayer will have to decide on the choice of the object of taxation, for which the article proposes an algorithm for calculations and comparative analysis.
RESEARCH OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS FOR THE CREATION OF A REGULATORY REFERENCE SYSTEM FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN THE ENGINEERING INDUSTRY
Authors:   Master, Student of Economics and Organization of Production of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, PEREPADIN K. K. , ALEKHOZHINA A. A. ,   Master, Student of Industrial Logistics Department of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, KALININA O. A. ,   Master, Student of Entrepreneurship and Foreign Economic Activity of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, SOKOLOVA E. A. ,   Master, Student of Finance of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, SAFRONOV S. D. ,   Master, Student of Economics and Organization of Production of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia Abstract
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific approaches to the classification of reference books and coding of titles. As a result of the analysis, recommendations were given on the use of the facet classification method and the ordinal coding method in creating a reference system for technological and engineering equipment of machine-building enterprises.
COMMON DATA ENVIRONMENT FOR INFORMATION MODELING
Authors:   Master Student, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, PETUSHKOVA Ya. D. , PRIDVIZHKIN S. V. ,   Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Information Modeling in Construction, Institute of Construction and Architecture, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, KARMANOVA M. M. ,   Senior Lecturer, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: December 2020

An important component of information modeling technology is the coordinated teamwork of all process participants. Often there are organizations in which part of the information is lost during work, it is difficult to find the current model, it is not specified how to work with the information. You can organize work with information using the common data environment (SOD). This article discusses the structure and purpose of the SOD sections. The problem of its implementation is touched.