bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient VaR and CVaR Measurement via Stochastic Kriging
Authors: Chen Xi , Kim Kyoung-Kuk
Published: August 2016

In this paper, stochastic kriging (SK) is considered as a metamodeling tool to capture risk-related properties of complex stochastic system outputs. To better assess the tail behavior of the underlying distribution of a system output, we specifically focus on global prediction of value-at-risk and conditional value-at-risk. Going beyond the standard SK framework intended for metamodeling of mean response surfaces, we rethink the original formulation to allow for the flexibility of utilizing different estimation methods for metamodel construction. The resulting impact on the predictive performance of SK is examined in detail. In parallel with the study by Chen et al. [Chen X, Ankenman BE, Nelson BL (2013) Enhancing stochastic kriging metamodels with gradient estimators. Oper. Res. 61(2):512–528], we further consider the situation in which noisy gradient information can be incorporated into SK metamodel construction and prediction. The theoretical results are illustrated by two numerical examples.
Postponable Acceptance and Assignment: A Stochastic Dynamic Programming Approach
Authors: Kang Keumseok , Shanthikumar J. George , Altinkemer Kemal
Published: August 2016

We study a new dynamic order acceptance and assignment problem of a make-to-order manufacturing or service system that produces heterogeneous products or services using heterogeneous servers. Unlike traditional dynamic order acceptance and assignment problems, in our settings the system can strategically postpone acceptance and assignment decisions for orders in hand. The system does this while waiting for more profitable orders to come and/or more productive servers to become available, with the risk of losing orders in hand, low server utilization, and high waiting penalties. We formulate this problem as a stochastic dynamic program, characterize the structure of the optimal policy, and discuss managerial insights gained from the optimal policy. The paper also provides a methodological contribution by finding general structural properties and their preservation conditions, which can be reused in related future operations management studies.
Anthropogenic impacts on an oyster metapopulation: Pathogen introduction, climate change and responses to natural selection
Authors: Bushek David , Ford Susan E.
Published: August 2016

Humans rely on marine ecosystems for a variety of services but often impact these ecosystems directly or indirectly limiting their capacity to provide such services. One growing impact is the emergence of marine disease. We present results from a unique case study examining how oysters, a dominant organism in many coastal bays and estuaries that is often harvested for food, have responded to pathogens influenced by human activities, namely the introduction of novel pathogens. Climate change has enabled a northward spread and establishment of Dermo disease in oysters along the eastern seaboard of North America and human activities inadvertently introduced MSX disease along this same coast. Oysters in Delaware Bay have responded differently to each pathogen, and uniquely to MSX disease by developing a highly resistant baywide population not documented in any other bay. Offspring were produced using parents collected from low or high disease (MSX and Dermo) regions of Delaware Bay and exposed in a common garden experiment along with a naïve population from Maine. Results indicated widespread resistance to MSX disease, but not to Dermo disease, across Delaware Bay. One striking result was the demonstration of resilience in the population through its capacity to spread, presumably through larval transport, resistance to MSX disease into portions of the population that have experienced little to no MSX disease pressure themselves. Related studies indicated that larval transport mechanisms allowed widespread dispersal such that the entire metapopulation could acquire a high level of resistance over time if disease resistance is sufficiently heritable. The findings have implications for restoration, management and recovery of diseased populations. Namely, that if left to their own devices, natural selection may find a solution that enables populations to recover from introduced pathogens.
Take inspiration on how to revamp your home corner
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: August 2016

Whether you are a packaway setting or a purpose built site, there are plenty of ways you can give your learning enviroments a refresh. Annette Rawstrone's new series kicks off by looking at the ever-popular home corner.
Establishing a future for early years teachers
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: August 2016

Karen Hart speaks to the head of a busy community nursery to gain a perspective on the value of Early Years Teacher Status, and discovers why the Government's forthcoming Workforce Strategy is eagerly awaited.
Making friends
Authors: Williams Brenda
Published: August 2016

A great way to start a new term is to involve both established children and newcomers in this action rhyme which asks them to take partners and talk to each other, as they move through the verses.
On the look out
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: August 2016

Try these window themed activities to develop counting, measuring, awareness of shape, position, patterns, fractions, building and construction skills, with lots of opportunities to use mathematical language.
Dreaming big
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: August 2016

Roald Dahl's The BFG provides an exciting hook for creative activities that are linked to dreams. What with the hit movie and resources to support Roald Dahl Day in September, there is a lot to draw on.
Opening up
Authors: Doyle Pheobe
Published: August 2016

Children love opening and closing things – whether it is repeatedly slamming cupboard doors, shutting boxes or crashing lids on saucepans. Pheobe Doyle suggests ways to talk about a deeper understanding of open and closed.
Play it straight
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: August 2016

A few simple resources such as balls, hoops and bean bags are all that is needed to create exciting new games which help children to let off steam, challenge their skills and meet a range of learning goals.
Finger drawing fun
Authors: Williams Kate
Published: August 2016

Experimenting with mark making and early writing becomes exciting for children when it involves carving letters or shapes with fingers in flexible substances such as damp sand, soft clay, foam and couscous.
Correlation of renal volume to renal function and blood pressures in low birth weight children
Authors: Larope Ekawaty , Umboh Adrian , Wilar Rocky
Published: August 2016

Background Disruption of nephrogenesis in low birth weight(LBW) infant leads to decreases in nephron number andrenal volume, resulting in renal hyperfunction and eventually,hypertension.Objective To assess for a possible correlation of renal volume torenal function and blood pressures in low birth weight childrenaged 7 -8 years.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on childrenaged 7-8 years in Manado, who were born LBW or n ormalbirth weight (NBW). Renal function was assessed by measuringblood cyctatin-C level while renal volume was determined usingultrasound measurements of renal length x width x thickness(cm3). Ttest was used to compare renal volume and cystatin-Clevels in LBW children to NBW children. Pearson's correlationtest was used to assess the relationship of renal volume to renalfunction and blood pressure in low birth weight children.Results Subjects were 48 LBW and 48 NBW children. Meanrenal volumes were 7 8.28 (SD 7 .96) cm3 in the LBW group and103.68 (SD 12.52) cm3 in the NBW group (P< 0.01). The meancystatin-C levels, as a measure of renal function, were 0.81 (SD0.07) mg/Lin the LBW group and in 0.73 (SD 0.06) mg/Linthe NBW group (P< 0.01). There was no correlation betweenrenal volume and cystatin-C level (r=-0.169; P>0,05) as wellas between renal volume and systolic (r=-0.07, P>0.05) anddias tolic blood pressure (r=-0.123, P>0.05).Conclusion Mean renal volume is lower in the LBW groupthan in the NBW group, but is not correlated to decreased renalfunction or blood pressures.
Diet and estradiol level in adolescent girls
Authors: Hariani Ririn , Bardosono Saptawati , Djuwita Ratna , Sutandyo Noorwati , Kumala Melani , Sungkar Ali , Sekartini Rini
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground Nutritional intake in adolescent girls in Indonesia has been well studied, but there has been little study on its influence on serum estradiol levels. A high estradiol level has been associated with higher risk of breast carcinogenesis.Objective To evaluate the influence of dietary factors on serum estradiol concentration in adolescent girls.Methods A community-based survey was conducted in female junior high school students in Jakarta from January 2014 to January 2015. Nutritional intake was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), which included the intake of total energy (kcal), carbohydrate (g), protein (g), fat (g), fiber (g), and phytoestrogen (g). Based on the Indonesian recommended daily allowance (RDA), energy and nutrient intakes were categorized as minimal (<70%), low (70-99.9%), normal (100-129.9%), and high (≥130%). Serum estradiol levels were measured during the follicular phase using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results A total of 189 girls aged 13-15 years were enrolled from 8 junior high schools across the municipalities of Jakarta. Twenty-eight (14.8%) subjects were overweight or obese. Median estradiol level was 41.83 (range 13.14-136.5) pg/mL. Serum estradiol level was significantly correlated with energy, protein, and fat intake. Estradiol level was also significantly associated with carbohydrate (P=0.030) and fat (P=0.036) intake status. Multivariate analysis revealed that intake of energy, protein, and fat, as well as body mass index (BMI) were independent predictors of estradiol levels. However, due to its importance as energy source, we included carbohydrate intake in the final equation to predict estradiol level as follows: E2 = 60.723 – 0.053 (energy) + 0.185 (carbohydrate) + 0.483 (protein) + 0.491 (fat) – 1.081 (BMI).Conclusion Serum estradiol levels in adolescent girls aged 13-15 years are influenced by diet, especially fat intake. Estradiol levels can be predicted from energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake, as well as BMI. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:134-8.].
Low birth weight profiles at H. Boejasin Hospital, South Borneo, Indonesia in 2010-2012
Authors: Astria Yuni , Suwita Christopher S. , Suwita Benedica M. , Widjaya Felix F. , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati
Published: August 2016

Background The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is still high in Indonesia. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and prematurity are the most frequent causes. Prematurity has higher mortality rate. Cultural diversity has an impact on regional LBW profiles in Indonesia. However, data on LBW is unavailable in South Borneo.Objective To describe the LBW profiles and in-hospital mortality of newborns at H. Boejasin Hospital, South Borneo.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from medical records and neonatal registry at H. Boejasin Hospital, Pelaihari, South Borneo from 2010 to 2012. Subjects were newborns with birth weight <2,500 grams. Categorical data was presented in percentages, while survival analysis was assessed by Kaplan-Meier test. The difference among groups was analyzed with log-rank test.Results The proportion of LBW was 20.2% of total live births and the mortality rate was 17.3%. Mortality rates according to birth weight category was 96% in <1000 g group, 62% in 1,000-1,499 g group, 19% in 1,500-1,999 g group, and 4% in 2,000-2,499 g group. The highest hazard ratio was in the <1,000 gram birth weight group (HR 40.21), followed by the 1,000-1,499 gram group (HR 12.95), and the 1,500-1,999 gram group (HR 4.65);(P<0.01). Asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease (HMD), and sepsis were the most common causes of mortality (at 50%, 21%, and 16%, respectively).Conclusion The prevalence of LBW in this study is quite high and mortality of LBW infants is significantly different between each low birth weight category. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:155-61.].
Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot repair performed after three years of age
Authors: Yantie Ni Putu Veny Kartika , Djer Mulyadi M. , Advan Najib , Rachmat Jusuf
Published: August 2016

subject of debate, however, in general repair before 3 years of age has resulted in good myocardial performance. Late repair has led to prolonged QRS duration, ventricular dysfunction in terms of myocardial performance index (MPI) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), as well as longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays.Objective To evaluate QRS duration, right ventricular function as measured by TAPSE, and ICU length of stay (LoS) after repair of TOF performed after three years of age.Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed in children and adults who underwent ToF repair, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The TAPSE and QRS duration were evaluated during follow-up and compared between children who had the operation before vs. 3 years of age or older using Mann Whitney U and Chi-square tests.Results We enrolled 52 subjects who underwent ToF repair from January 2007 to June 2013 (18 in the ≤3 years-old group and 34 in the >3 years-old group). Subjects’ age at the time of repair ranged from 7 months to 25 years, with follow-up data at 24-30 months after discharge. Abnormalities of the right ventricle and left ventricle MPI were not significantly different between the two groups. However, we observed significant differences between the ≤3 years and >3 years groups in median ICU LoS [2 (range 1-9) days vs. 1.5 (range 1-46) days, respectively; (P=0.016)] and median QRS durations [118 (range 78-140) ms vs. 136 (range 80-190) ms, respectively; (P=0.039)]. The age at the time of repair did not increase the risk of having abnormal TAPSE (RR 0.85; 95%CI 0.26 to 2.79; P=0.798).Conclusion Tetralogy of Fallot repair after 3 years of age appears to not increase ICU LoS or is associated with lower TAPSE, but it is associated with longer QRS duration. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:176-83.].
Utilización de Zapatilla Distal debido a pérdida prematura de una segunda molar temporal: Reporte de caso
Authors: Gutiérrez Marín DDS Natalia
Published: August 2016

The maintenance of the temporal dentition until its natural replacement is very important, due to the fact that the primary pieces are the ones in charge to secure the permanent pieces’ space, in addition to guide the eruption process. The premature loss of temporal pieces could lead to: decrease in arch perimeter, desviation of the mid line, malocclusions, ectopic eruptions, crowding, impact and/ or extrusion of permanent pieces, abnormalities in the mucous and acquisition of parafunctional habits. If early second molars extracted, can be used as a distal shoe maintainer; which is a complicated and sensitive technique, plus it is not suitable for all patients.This case report describes the use of a distal shoe in the inferior quadrant of a 5 years old child, the technique used, advantages and disadvantages of the appliance, also monitoring for one year.
A new ceramics approach for contact lens
Authors: Carpena DDS, MS, PhD Guilherme , Balaron DDS Andressa , Aguiar José
Published: August 2016

Nowadays the field of dentistry is focusing into a new aesthetic area in the light of an minimal invasive dentistry approach. Aesthetic treatments with dental porcelain veneers without any preparation (ceramic contact lenses) have gained popularity in recent years. Thus, the need for constant improvement and knowledge of innovative techniques and ceramics is fundamental.   This article point out about the essential criteria to promote a clinical succeed of the technique over the years.
Hipomineralización Incisivo Molar, una condición clínica aún no descrita en la niñez costarricense
Authors: Late DDS Joseph , Gudiño Fernandez DDS, MPH Sylvia
Published: August 2016

Dental enamel is an unique, highly mineralized tissue from ectodermal origin, characterized by the absence of metabolic activity once its formation is completed. This fact determines that when disturbances occur during its development, defects will be present in the permanent tooth at eruption. This article reports the most important findings published in the scientific literature over the last decade about Molar Incisor Hypomineralization, denomination, histology, classification, signs and symptoms, epidemiology, histology and differential diagnosis.
Fístula extraoral asociada a sialolitiasis en el conducto de Wharton. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Obando DDS Danny , Fernández DDS José
Published: August 2016

Sialolithiasis is one of the frecuent pathologies that affect the salivary glands, and  the submandibular gland is the most commonly affected due to it´s anatomy. There are many theories that try to explain the etiology, but is not yet fully determined. The most common symptom is the presence of pain, especially when eating because of the salivary stimulation produced by food. Other symptoms seen are the inflammation of the floor of mouth and infection associated with chronic sialadenitis processes; the formation of cutaneous fistulas is rare. This case report presents a 31-year-old male patient  with an extra-oral fistula located on the left side of his neck subzone Ib (submandibular); with chronic sialadenitis associated with sialolithiasis in the left Wharton's duct with a four-year progress. The surgical management is described and a review of the literature is performed.
Análisis espectroscópico del precipitado formado por la mezcla de hipoclorito de sodio y clorhexidina utilizando resonancia magnética nuclear
Authors: Benavides DDS Marianella , Hernández DDS Erick , Soto Víctor
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of para-chloroaniline  (PCA) obtained by the mixture of 5,25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR-H-1) at 600MHz. Initially a  commercial sample of 98% PCA (group 1: GPCA) was analyzed by NMRH-1 combining it with dimethylsulfoxide perdeuterated as solvent, in order to obtain the basal spectra.  Ten samples were then prepared by combining equal amounts of  5,25%NaOCl and 2%CHX (group 2:GHC) (PROPORTION 1:1 v/v) by manual stirring. Each sample was then spinned for 10 minutes at 25Cº, in order to eliminate the supernatant and to obtain the precipitate, which was prepared at dry vacuum to finally isolate the solid precipitate. The precipitate was again dissolved in d6-DMSO to perform the NMR.H-1 analysis. Commercial PCA showed a distinctive spectra, with  a characteristic double sign at 7.02-7.03 ppm and 6.58-6.59 ppm. Experimental samples lack of this distinctive  spectra, instead, they all showed a complex combination of signs, which none correspond to pure PCA.
Impacto emocional y en calidad de vida de individuos afectados por amelogénesis imperfecta
Authors: Murillo DDS, MSc Gina , Morales DDS Fabián , Gamboa DDS Luis , Meza DDS Ana Maria , López DDS Ana Cristina
Published: August 2016

“Amelogenesis imperfecta” (AI) (prevalence up to 1 in 700) describes largely Mendelian enamel defects arising from gene mutations that present as structural  abnormalities of the temporary and permanent teeth as a result of defective enamel formation. AI has a wide range of clinical presentations and phenotypes and affects both sexes.  Despite increasing knowledge of the genetic mutations underlying AI there has been little research focussing on the effect of AI on the quality of life of AI patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AI on patient quality of life in a Costa Rican AI cohort. Affected family members were interviewed and their experiences used to develop an instrument (questionnaire) that was subsequently used to evaluate the impact of AI on their quality of life. 18 AI patients from 17 families were included in the study. Our findings showed that 100% had been teased and had suffered social rejection; 77.8% were concerned about their children´s inheritance and 66.7 % were concerned by the cost of treatment; 89% placed a high importance on their teeth. Results were not statistically significant when sorted by sex (p = 0.732).  The results of this study indicate that dental professionals need to understand AI not only as defective tooth enamel structure demanding specialist clinical management but also the negative impacts of the condition on the lives of their patients. This should be taken in to account when communicating with those affected.
Is Mineral Trioxide Aggregate a Bioceramic?
Authors: Camilleri DDS, MSc, PhD Josette
Published: August 2016

Bioceramics are a subset of biomaterials and define ceramic materials, which are biocompatible. The range of biocompatibility is wide from totally inert materials to fully resorbable materials that are fully replaced with time. The first mention of Bioceramics in Endodontics referred to a study on a new material Bioaggregate, which was developed as a replacement for mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) boasting a Portland cement free formulation. But is MTA a bioceramic?.
Color Selection and Reproduction in Dentistry. Part 1: Fundamentals of Color
Authors: Schmeling DDS, MS, PhD Max
Published: August 2016

Knowing the optical phenomena that determine the chromatic expression of tooth tissues and their clinical application are essential factors for obtaining esthetic excellence in restorative treatments.  Tooth color matching with restorative materials is influenced by several factors, which can produce frustrating results, for both the professional and the patient, when they are not controlled. Based on scientific evidence, a sequence of three articles were performed describing the fundamentals of color formation, the characteristics of the light interaction with the dental tissues and restorative materials and the main methods of color selection and reproduction in esthetic dentistry.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Hydroxide Promotes In Vivo Intratubular Mineralization
Authors: Reyes-Carmona DDS, MSD, PhD Jessie , Santos PhD Adair , Cordeiro DDS, PhD Mabel
Published: August 2016

Literature showed that the interaction of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) with dentin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) promotes a biomineralization process that leads to the formation of an interfacial layer with mineralized structures at the cement-dentin interface. Thus, we investigated the in vivo biomineralization process promoted by MTA and Ca(OH)² with dentin. Human dentin tubes filled with ProRoot MTA, Ca(OH)²  or kept empty were implanted in subcutaneous tissues in the back of mice. After 12h, 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the dentin tubes were processed for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations. SEM examination showed the presence of apatite-like clusters on collagen fibrils over the surface of tubes containing the biomaterials. This mineral deposition was more extensive and compact through time. At day 7, a compact layer of apatite was formed. The MTA/Ca(OH)² -dentin interface showed intratubular mineralization as early as 12h post-implantation. MTA and Ca(OH)²  in an in vivo environment promoted a biomineralization process with dentin, simultaneously to the acute inflammatory response. MTA triggered an earlier and denser interfacial layer.
Influence of Irrigating Solutions on Push-Out Bond Strenght of Intraradicular Posts to Dentine
Authors: Kaif DDS Mohammad , Bis DDS, MSc Raj
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigating solutions commonly used during endodontic treatment on the push-out bond strength of intrarradicular fiber posts to dentin. Thirty single rooted teeth were divided into 3 groups according to the solution used during instrumentation: G1, NaOCL 5.25%; G2, 2% chlorhexidine; G3, distilled water. The root canals were prepared and obturated, and the glass fiber posts were cemented with RelyX ARC®. The specimens were submitted to push-out bond test and the results were analyzed by using the One-way ANOVA. The failure mode data were analyzed using the Chi-square test (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences regarding the irrigant solution factor (P > 0.50). The most predominant failure mode was between posts and resin cement. It was concluded that the different irrigant solutions commonly used in endodontic treatment did not affect the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented with resin cement.
Distribution extension of Aotus azarae infulatus (Kuhl, 1820) (Primates: Aotidae) and first record from the Caatinga biome
Authors: Pinto Thieres , Roberto Igor Joventino
Published: August 2016

The Feline Night Monkey, Aotus azarae infulatus (Kuhl, 1820), is recorded for the first time in the Caatinga biome and in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, and represents a range extension of 163 km northeast from the nearest previously known occurrence of this species.
The Acquisition of Mandarin Modal Verbs by English Speakers
Authors: Wang Haiyan
Published: August 2016

This article aims to investigate the acquisition of Chinese modals by native English speakers based on the production materials in written discourse. The results show that the functional category is accessible to the L2 learners. Their knowledge of the semantic properties of the modals is impaired, as exemplified by the errors: omission, redundancy, word order and misuse. The finding is in conformity with the Interface Hypothesis (Tsimpli & Sorace, 2006). Finally, the article explores the implications of this study for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
Towards the Crypto-functional Motive of Existential there: A Systemic Functional Perspective
Authors: Dong Baohua
Published: August 2016

This paper, based on the proposal of crypto-functions of existential there in Dong (2016a), mainly focuses on the motive of crypto-functions in existential there. The constraints of genre on existential there in terms of indirect realization relationship between genre and lexicogrammar are firstly discussed in an attempt to locate its motive path. Then such a path is followed to explore the distribution frequencies of existential there in each genre in COCA for the intention of shedding light on the motive of crypto-functions of existential there. It is found that existential there enjoys the highest distribution frequencies, among other genres, in academic genre characteristic of hierarchical knowledge structures, and that existential there structures conducive to the verticality of the discourse in academic genre help form a semantic network about Existents, i. e. NPs and in the meantime result in the crypto-function of existential there.
The Plight of Contemporary Native Americans in Love Medicine
Authors: Bo Ting
Published: August 2016

Louise Erdrich is widely acclaimed as one of the most significant writers of the contemporary Native American literature. Her first novel Love Medicine represents the lives of Chippewa Indians on the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation. This paper intends to give a detailed analysis of the living plight of Native Americans in Love Medicine from three perspectives and explores the deep roots of their embarrassment. Also, the paper points out the significance of the existence and preservation of the unique Indian culture under the global multi-cultural background and gives some strategies for the survival of Native Americans.
From Blood Intimacy to the Birth of Self-consciousness in The Rainbow
Authors: Zhou Weigui
Published: August 2016

The opening chapters of Lawrence’s The Rainbow is modeled on the Bible in terms of its narrative discourse and profound implication. The novel begins with a pastoral portrayal of the Marsh Farm where mankind forms a blood-intimate and reciprocal relationship with the natural world. But driven by man’s own eagerness to pursue knowledge and pushed by the development of industrialization, man’s unconscious closeness with nature gradually gives way to the birth of self-consciousness which alienates him from the natural world, thus thrusting him into an ontological existence.
A Study of The Call of the Wild from the Perspective of Greimas’ Semiotic Square Theory
Authors: Si Weiguo
Published: August 2016

Algirdas Julien Greimas is the most influential French structural linguist. He puts forward the profound semiotic square, which has been widely used in the research of literature to reveal the implied meanings and relationship between complex things. The Call of the Wild written by the American naturalistic writer Jack London is his representative work. It has been studied by a lot of scholars from different perspectives since its birth. This thesis applies semiotic square theory, further classifying characters in this novel: Buck is the X; Trafficker is the Anti X; Spitz is the Non X; John is the Non anti X. By the use of the comparative analysis method and the textual close-reading method this thesis analyzes the plot and the deep structure of The Call of the Wild. The result of this thesis is as follows: the relation between Buck and the traffickers is oppression and resistance; the relation between Buck and Spitz is competitor; the relation between Buck and John Thornton is protective and grateful. Through classifying the action elements, readers can see the narrative structure of this novel, which is not stated flatly but with its own unique tortuosity and complexity and it is conducive to deepening their understanding about the artistry and profundity of this novel, and help readers better understand the Superman image of Buck, the main character in The Call of the Wild, and provide them with the effective example in appreciating Jack London’s other literary works.
Hemşirelerin Tabi Oldukları Mevzuat ve Hukuki Sorumlulukları Konusundaki Farkındalıkları
Authors: Karabakır Belkız , Çetin Gürsel
Published: August 2016

Objective: To avoid legislative complications in nursing, it is important for the nurses to know their professional and legal responsibilities. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the awareness and cognizance of nurses toward these issues in order to determine the subjects that are not well-known and to propose actions to mediate this problem.Materials and Methods: The descriptive research was conducted at the Istanbul University, Hospital of the Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty; from the approached 950 nurses a total of 606 participated in this study. The data was collected using a 25-item questionnaire using the face-to-face method. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using SPSS 14 with respect to: education, the current and/or previous work unit, proficiency and previous educational training regarding these issues. The statistical connection amongst data was determined using the chi-square test and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant.Results: A significant proportion of the nurses are not aware of their legal and professional responsibilities or are misinformed. We found no connection between the level of knowledge and their unit of employment but found a significant correlation with their level of education, professional experience, history of specific education for nursing responsibilities and legislation.Conclusion: In conclusion it is suggested that additional training on these issuesshould be carried out periodically for all nurses independent of hierarchy.Keywords: nurse; legislation; legal responsibility; awareness; malpractice
A New Numerical Scheme for the Generalized Huxley Equation
Authors: Inan Bilge
Published: August 2016

In this paper, an implicit exponential finite difference method is applied to compute the numerical solutions of the nonlinear generalized Huxley equation. The numerical solutions obtained by the present method are compared with the exact solutions and obtained by other methods to show the efficiency of the method. The comparisons showed that proposed scheme is reliable, precise and convenient alternative method for solution of the generalized Huxley equation.
An Optimal Investment Returns with N-Step Utility Functions
Authors: Eghwerido Joseph Thomas , Obilade Titilola
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we shall validate the optimal payoff of an investment with an N-step utility function, [6, 7], such that H* is the payoff at time N in every possible state say 2n; in an N period market setting. Negative exponential, logarithm, square root and power utility functions were considered as the market structures change according to a Markov chain. These models were used to predict the performances of some selected companies in the Nigeria Capital Market. The estimates for models design parameters p, q, p', q' correspond to halving or doubling of investment. The performance of any utility function is determined by the ratio q: q' of the probability of rising to falling as well as the ratio p: p' of the risk neutral probability measure of rising to the falling.
EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA E ENSINO PRESENCIAL: INCOMPATIBILIDADE OU CONVERGÊNCIA?
Authors: Rezende Wanderley Moura , Dias Ana Isabel de Azevedo Spinola
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o impacto da Educação a Distância no ensino presencial, analisando a parceria entre as práticas e teorias da EAD e as do ensino presencial, parceria esta essencial para o aprimoramento da educação em seu sentido amplo.
O PRÉ-VESTIBULAR SOCIAL: DESAFIOS À BUSCA DA INCLUSÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Bastos Maria D.F. , Gomes Maria de Fátima C. M. , Fernandes Lenise Lima
Published: August 2016

O artigo analisa a contribuição do Programa Pré-Vestibular Social (PVS), inserido na Fundação Cecierj: Centro de Ciências e Educação Superior a Distância do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no enfrentamento de algumas barreiras de acesso ao Ensino Superior nesse estado. Diversas expressões de exclusão/inclusão são utilizadas como fio condutor da análise, partindo-se do princípio de que o desenvolvimento de ações educativas complementares e as informações são fundamentais para favorecer o acesso de estudantes de baixa renda a instituições de Ensino Superior, em especial nas universidades públicas, que historicamente têm sido elitizadas, sobretudo nos bacharelados formadores de profissionais liberais. Para este estudo, foi feita uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema, especialmente sobre a questão da exclusão, bem como foram utilizadas matérias em jornais, sites da internet, dados estatísticos produzidos pelo PVS e por órgãos de pesquisa especializados. O  trabalho demonstra a relevância do programa e de seus resultados, embora aponte algumas alternativas para a sua expansão e melhoria tais como: a ampliação de polos em diferentes municípios e a melhoria da infraestrutura nos já existentes, o aperfeiçoamento de professores através da criação de estratégias/incentivos que garantam a qualidade do curso, a capacitação tanto de alunos como de professores na área de informática, a implementação da disciplina de língua estrangeira (inglês) com metodologia EAD, a ampliação do leque de alternativas culturais aos alunos e professores. Finalmente, destaca-se como desafio a inclusão de alunos de baixa renda, deficientes visuais e auditivos.
DESEMPENHO DE ESTUDANTES DE DIFERENTES MUNICÁPIOS EM UMA DISCIPLINA DO ENSINO SUPERIOR A DISTÂNCIA (CEDERJ)
Authors: Aragon Glauca Torres , Da Silva Cleide Ferreira
Published: August 2016

Este artigo descreve o desempenho de estudantes em uma disciplina do primeiro período da Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas na modalidade semipresencial oferecida pela UFRJ, pela UERJ e pela UENF através da Fundação CECIERJ/Consórcio CEDERJ em 17 municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo principal é comparar o desempenho de estudantes de diferentes polos regionais através de análise estatística das notas médias finais dos cursantes em cada polo, ao longo de seis semestres consecutivos. Os resultados indicam uma diferença significativa no desempenho de estudantes de diferentes polos regionais, indicando que o perfil diferenciado dos cursantes, especialmente relevante na modalidade de ensino a distância, pode incluir características regionais. Os diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento humano nos municípios-sede de cada polo regional são apresentados e correlacionados com indicadores de desempenho dos estudantes. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre as notas finais médias dos cursantes em cada polo regional com as Taxas de Alfabetização e com o Ándice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal: Dimensão Educação dos respectivos municípios-sede. Os resultados quantitativos são compatíveis com observações qualitativas realizadas durante as correções de provas dissertativas dos estudantes. Concluímos que a busca de mecanismos para reforço dos conteúdos do Ensino Fundamental e Médio é de especial relevância em municípios com baixos indicadores de desenvolvimento humano.
TRÊS GERAÇÕES DE PEDAGOGIA DE EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Anderson Terry , Dron Jon , Mattar (Trad.) João
Published: August 2016

Este artigo define e examina três gerações de pedagogia de educação a distância. Ao contrário de classificações anteriores de educação a distância, baseadas na tecnologia utilizada, esta análise centra-se na pedagogia que define as experiências de aprendizagem encapsuladas no design da aprendizagem. As três gerações de pedagogia, cognitivo-behaviorista, socioconstrutivista e conectivista, são examinadas utilizando o conhecido modelo de comunidade de investigação (GARRISON; ANDERSON; ARCHER, 2000), com foco nas presenças cognitiva, social e de ensino. Embora essa tipologia de pedagogias possa também ser aplicada com proveito na educação presencial, a necessidade e a prática de abertura e de explicitação do conteúdo e do processo em educação a distância tornam o trabalho especialmente relevante para os designers, professores e desenvolvedores de educação a distância. O artigo conclui que a educação a distância de alta qualidade explora as três gerações em função do conteúdo de aprendizagem, do contexto e das expectativas de aprendizagem [1]. -----------------------------------------------[1] Tradução autorizada de: ANDERSON, Terry; DRON, Jon. Three generations of distance education pedagogy. IRRODL: International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, v. 12, n. 3, 2011. Special Issue: Connectivism: Design and Delivery of Social Networked Learning, p. 80-97.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A TEORIA E A PRÁTICA EM UM CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Lacerda Fátima Kzam , Moraes Luiz Fernando Perez , Abrahão Cristina Rodrigues , Lippmann Maria Cristina Bessa
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar o Curso de Pedagogia para as séries iniciais oferecido na modalidade semipresencial em um Polo de apoio presencial situado na região serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro no que se refere ao processo de avaliação e suas implicações. São analisados o projeto político pedagógico do curso, as ferramentas de avaliação, o sistema de tutoria presencial e os resultados externos utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Verificou-se a necessidade de que o Projeto Político Pedagógico seja mais conhecido, vivenciado e discutido pelos diferentes sujeitos/atores da educação a distância. Nesta perspectiva, espera-se contribuir para o aprofundamento da reflexão e consequente aperfeiçoamento do processo avaliativo da aprendizagem e institucional.
UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE EaD SOB AVALIAÇÃO: A PERSPECTIVA DISCENTE SOBRE A GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA NA UAB/UNICENTRO
Authors: Helfenstein Janaína
Published: August 2016

Com o fim de produzir subsídios para a avaliação do curso de Licenciatura em História na modalidade EaD da UNICENTRO/UAB, o presente artigo apresenta um perfil dos discentes que o integram, bem como investiga as motivações que os levaram a optar por esta modalidade de ensino. Ao longo da pesquisa foi possível, ainda, ouvir os alunos e mensurar suas opiniões a respeito das vantagens e desvantagens do método de ensino que escolheram (EaD), de seus níveis de satisfação com o curso de licenciatura em que estão inseridos (História), do material didático disponibilizado e, finalmente, da oportunidade de conquistarem uma formação profissional de nível superior. Para a realização deste estudo foi elaborado um questionário estruturado, submetido aos acadêmicos matriculados nos cinco polos UAB/UNICENTRO onde o referido curso de História é oferecido. Para a compreensão dos dados obtidos, as informações coletadas foram sistematizadas em gráficos e quadros que possibilitaram a obtenção das análises e conclusões apresentadas ao longo deste texto. A partir do estudo empreendido, foi possível constatar que a EaD é um viabilizador positivo da proliferação do ensino superior, na perspectiva dos discentes consultados. Em particular, concluímos que, sob o ponto de vista dos alunos que o integram, o curso de Licenciatura em História, na modalidade EaD, oferecido pelo Departamento de História do Campus Santa Cruz da UNICENTRO, cumpre uma das principais propostas do Programa UAB do Governo Federal que é permitir o acesso ao ensino superior às pessoas que não teriam oportunidade de cursar uma graduação no modelo presencial.
A PRÁTICA DA TUTORIA NO PROJETO E-NOVA: UMA REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DOS CONCEITOS DE COMUNIDADE DE PRÁTICA
Authors: Silva Andreza Regina Lopes da , Bernardini Isadora de Souza , Rossato Jaqueline , Rebelo Sabrina , Spanhol Fernando José
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo buscar evidências que possam ilustrar a semelhança entre a tutoria do projeto e-Nova e às comunidades de prática. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada caracteriza a pesquisa como teórico-empírica, de natureza exploratória e descritiva; já a sua abordagem classifica-se como qualitativa. A unidade de análise escolhida foi o curso de capacitação do e-Nova, projeto que tem como objetivo a disseminação do empreendedorismo inovador e a geração de produtos e processos inovadores com sucesso técnico e mercadológico. Como método, utilizou-se do estudo de caso, pois busca caracterizar o grupo de tutoria do projeto e identificar características que possam caracterizá-lo com uma comunidade de prática. Como resultado, observa-se que, a tutoria do projeto e-Nova possui três características basilares: trata-se de um grupo de trabalho intensivo em conhecimento; atua sobre um conjunto comum de questões; e promove a criação de novos conhecimentos por meio do compartilhamento. Conclui-se que, em sua maioria, as características desse grupo se assemelham a aspectos pertencentes a uma comunidade de prática, tais como: possui um grupo de indivíduos que se importa com um conjunto comum de questões, e compartilha e desenvolve conhecimentos nesse domínio.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA TUTORIA NA PRÁTICA DA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Maia Cristina Oliveira , Lannes Denise Rocha Corrêa
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo analisamos as relações e resultados obtidos por cursistas de disciplinas de um curso de formação continuada para professores da Educação Básica na modalidade de educação a distância. Nosso trabalho se desenvolve ao longo de vários períodos do referido curso. A análise da estrutura das disciplinas, o perfil dos tutores e dos cursistas nos dão um panorama das características deste grupo. Esperamos poder contribuir para a elucidação de alguns pontos na discussão sobre as características relevantes de tutores em EaD. Os tutores observados, em sua maioria, não apresentavam todas as características que tomamos como relevantes para tutores em EaD, ou seja, ser especialista na área em que atua, estar atuando com pesquisa na academia e ter experiência prévia em EaD. Os tutores especialistas em suas áreas, com experiência em EaD e com atividade acadêmica constante, mesmo atendendo um número, em alguns casos, quatro vezes maior que seus colegas que não apresentaram esta característica, apresentaram turmas com uma evasão significativamente menor e sem reprovação, para este grupo.
A FERRAMENTA CHAT COMO RECURSO PEDAGÓGICO NO ENSINO DE FÁSICA
Authors: Feitosa José Ailton Forte , De Lima Ivoneide Pinheiro , Vasconcelos Francisco Herbert Lima
Published: August 2016

O presente estudo investigou as interações ocorridas em duas disciplinas (Física Introdutória I e II), ministradas na modalidade semipresencial, ligadas ao programa Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB). A metodologia utilizada consistiu no primeiro momento em analisar dois registros de sessões de Chat, com o intuito de identificar padrões de recorrência comuns; outra parte da metodologia consistiu em aplicar um questionário com oito questões a 135 alunos matriculados nas referidas disciplinas em doze polos do curso de Licenciatura em Química, ofertado pela parceria UFC /UAB. A pesquisa teve como finalidade investigar a concepção destes alunos a respeito da utilização do Chat no esclarecimento de dúvidas de listas de exercícios de Física. O ambiente de aprendizagem a distância utilizado foi o Solar.  Os resultados apontam que apesar das limitações da ferramenta Chat, a sua utilização foi importante para o esclarecimento das dúvidas e o aumento da interação entre professor/tutor - aluno e alunos-alunos.
EVASÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Espíndola Romário de Macedo , De Lacerda Fátima Kzam Damaceno
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar os motivos de evasão no curso de licenciatura em ciências biológicas do polo de educação a distância do CEDERJ/UAB localizado no município de Nova Friburgo-RJ. Com esse objetivo foi realizado um estudo exploratório utilizando os dados contidos no sistema acadêmico do CEDERJ para se obter o número de alunos evadidos das dez primeiras turmas do curso, de 2006 a 2011. Posteriormente, para se estudar o motivo dos estudantes abandonarem o curso, foram realizadas entrevistas, através de ligações telefônicas, com 30 ex-alunos do curso. Os resultados indicaram que no grupo pesquisado ocorreu uma evasão de 43% que se concentrou nos três períodos iniciais do curso. Os principais motivos de evasão são relatados. Observou-se uma tendência de diminuição da evasão ao longo do tempo, o que pode estar relacionado com as ações de apoio acadêmico ao estudante que vem sendo desenvolvidas pela instituição de ensino.
EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA EM UM CURSO DE NUTRIÇÃO PRESENCIAL: AVALIAÇÃO DOS DISCENTES DE INTRODUÇÃO À GENÉTICA E DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA
Authors: De Oliveira Paulo Cristiano , Acioly Patricia Lovatel , Serafim da Luz Filho Silvio , Keiko Nakayama Marina
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a percepção dos discentes do curso de Nutrição de uma universidade privada de Santa Catarina em relação às disciplinas Introdução à Genética e Saúde Pública, oferecidas na modalidade a distância (EaD). Este é um estudo de caso, de natureza exploratória. É apresentada a EaD na universidade e no curso e levantados critérios para avaliação das disciplinas. Em seguida, é realizada uma avaliação, por meio de questionário fechado, da EaD, sob a perspectiva dos alunos. Um total de 84 alunos matriculados nas disciplinas no segundo semestre de 2012 respondeu ao questionário, sendo 42 alunos de cada disciplina. Foram avaliados quatro critérios: Orientação, Interação, Suporte e Tecnologia. A avaliação revelou que os alunos não experientes classificaram de forma mais positiva os critérios Interação e Tecnologia do que os alunos experientes. Já os alunos experientes avaliaram de forma mais positiva o critério Orientação. O critério Suporte foi avaliado de forma mediana e similar pelos dois grupos de alunos. A partir da avaliação, procurou-se evidenciar que no processo de EaD é preciso entender como se dá a subjetividade e a diferença de percepções entre os dois grupos. Isso é fundamental para que se possa romper uma visão puramente mecanicista e perceber tanto os impactos positivos quanto negativos da EaD nos cursos superiores presenciais. Esses impactos merecem ser discutidos e aprofundados por gestores e educadores do ensino superior. Palavras-chave: Avaliação. Discentes. Ensino Superior. Nutrição.