bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness of medical students about septic shock at the Syrian Private University
Authors: Mohammed Ali , Yassin Talat , Ali Diaa Haj , Rakmani Najwa
Published: April 2024

Background
Shock is a condition of inadequate tissue perfusion resulting in decreased oxygen and metabolic requirements. It can lead to disturbance in energy production changes in cellular metabolism and significant acidosis. Various body systems are exposed to dysfunction and sometimes death if appropriate and intensive therapeutic measures are not taken early. Septic shock is the common final pathway by which many diseases and deaths occur.
Research Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted On a random group of elderly patients after surgery from June 2023 to February 2025.
A questionnaire was conducted and the individuals participating at the Syrian Private University were followed up during the research period. Accordingly, the questionnaire was filled out and the data was reviewed under the supervision of the research supervisor
Results
The sample included 240 patients, of which 20 were excluded, leaving us with 220 cases on which research and statistics were conducted. 39.5% were females and 60.5% were males. Participants are classified into five age groups, with the age group (20 – 21) years representing 24.1% (mean 76 years), and participants in the age group (22 – 23) were 50%.
79.5% of students believed that advanced age was a risk factor for septic shock.
Conclusion
It is necessary to hold medical seminars on sepsis and explain the difference between its types, as well as publish awareness campaigns on the necessity of educating medical staff, especially students, doctors, and nurses, about sepsis, its types, and ways to deal with it.
Bioconvective Flow of Eyring-Powell Nanofluid Over an Exponentially Sheet
Authors: Ali Muhammad Hussain , Irshad Sadia , Jahan Shah , Ahmad Muhammad
Published: April 2024

The focus of this study is to analyzed the 2-dimensional bioconvective flow of Eyring-Powell nanofluid over an exponentially stretching sheet is investigated numerically. Connective boundary conditions for both heat and mass transfer are employed. The governing highly nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by using a similarity transformation. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations are found by bvp4c method in MATLAB software. Effects of Eyring-Powell fluid parameter ϵ and δ, Magnetic parameter M, Thermophoresis variable N_t, Lewis number L_b, Peclet number Pe and concentration difference of microorganismsω on velocity, temperature, concentration and motile density profiles are discussed. The nondimensional velocity of the nanofluid is increased as the significance of Eyring-Powell fluid parameter ϵ increases. By increasing the thermophoresis parameter N_t results in increasing profiles of temperature, concentration and motile. The motile profile decreases as the values of Peclet number Pe increases. The motile profile decreases with the rising values of microorganism’s concentration difference ω. Numerical evaluations of the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt numbers and Sherwood numbers are turbulated.
Identification of dual inhibitors for EGFR(T790M/C797S) and VEGFR-2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer from Moringa oleifera derived phytochemicals: An In-silico Approach
Authors: Munna Md. Masudur Rahman , Tusar Md. Touki Tahamid , Shanta Saima Sajnin , Ahmed Md. Hossain , Ali Md. Sarafat
Published: April 2024

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality on a global scale for both men and women. At present, the treatment of NSCLC involves the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which specifically target EGFR. However, resistance mechanisms like the emergence of T790M and C797S EGFR mutations and increased expression of VEGFR-2 often impede the efficacy of various generations of TKIs. Thus, EGFR and VEGFR-2 offer a great opportunity to treat NSCLC through the development of multi-targeted drugs. Our study aims to identify potential inhibitors by thoroughly evaluating the biological activity of M. oleifera-derived compounds that could serve as novel dual inhibitors of EGFR(T790M/C797S) and VEGFR-2, resulting in a synergistic inhibitory effect on these signaling pathways. We identified five potential phytocompounds from M. oleifera (hesperetin, gossypetin, quercetagetin, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin) that showed significant binding affinity in virtual screening and multi-stage molecular docking analysis with remarkable drug-likeness and ADMET properties. These selected drug candidates also strongly bound and stayed stable with the receptors during the 200 ns MD simulation and MM-GBSA calculation. These findings indicate that these therapeutic candidates have the capacity to precisely target both EGFR and VEGFR-2 and can potentially act on both of these pathways as a single agent.
Economic and emotional impact of cataract surgery on patients by gender in Honduras
Authors: Ethridge Britton , Barber Kevin , O’Connor Sara
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To explore the economic and mental-health changes by gender following cataract surgery in Comayagua, Honduras.
Methods: This was a prospective, cohort survey-based study of 75 patients undergoing cataract surgery in March 2023 in Comayagua, Honduras. Surveys were completed in-person prior to surgery and by telephone four months postoperative. Economic questions included the Simple Poverty Scorecard tailored to Honduras, questions on work, and the effect of vision impairment on work. Mental health questions included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depression, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 to assess anxiety.
Results: Income group increased in the whole cohort (1.81 to 2.53, p<0.005), among women (1.66 to 2.53, p=0.001) and when controlled for age and gender (ß=0.69, p<0.001). Participants were more likely to work outside the home following cataract surgery (17% to 37%, p=0.03). Anxiety scores increased among the whole cohort at follow-up, among women, and when controlled for age and gender. A significant proportion of participants (75%) reported that vision continued to interfere with their ability to work following cataract surgery.
Conclusion: Cataract surgery had the anticipated effects of increasing income and work outside the home. It also had the unanticipated effects of increasing anxiety scores and failure to restore vision that facilitates work. These results challenge assumptions about the impact of cataract surgery in the developing world, and indicate that further research into the economic and emotional impacts of eye care is needed.
Sweetening the deal: An infodemiological study of worldwide interest in semaglutide using Google Trends
Authors: RAUBENHEIMER Jacques Eugene , MYBURGH Pieter Hermanus , BHAGAVATH Akshaya Srikanth
Published: April 2024

Background: Off-label use of semaglutide for non-diabetic weight loss (presumably driven by social media) created world-wide supply shortages. We evaluated world-wide semaglutide interest measured by online search behavior to gauge social media and conventional print media reporting’s effect on search interest.
Methods: Using Google Trends Extended for Health multiple sampling, we retrieved regional online interest (ROI) for all countries and extracted timelines and top search queries for countries with median ROI≥20 for January 2021–August 2023 using the “semaglutide” topic. We obtained semaglutide media reporting from the ProQuest database. We estimated the effect of media and within-country semaglutide interest on between-country interest with Granger causality analysis. We determined changepoints for trends within each country with joinpoint regression. We determined prominent themes in search queries for each country with Natural Language Processing thematic analysis.
Results: Some countries showed increases in semaglutide interest. Granger analysis showed that media coverage could only partially explain interest, and interest in some countries partially preceded interest in others. Joinpoint analysis identified up to four significant within-country changepoints. One episode of the Dr Oz show (TV media event) drove strong peaks in numerous countries. Specific themes in top search queries showed some agreement between countries and country-specific themes. Weight loss was a major theme in most countries.
Conclusions: GTEH data provided insights into global search interest in semaglutide and regional variation. Studies focusing on specific countries which include social media data can elucidate specific drivers underlying the explosion in off-label use of semaglutide.
Comparison of Necrotizing Enterocolitis-related apoptosis factors in the ileum of lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia-treated full-term and pre-term rats
Authors: Lee Hye Rim , Ko Da Young , Lee Kyeung Yeup , Kim So Young , Youn Joong Kee , Yang Hee Beom , Kim Hyun Young
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to determine whether endotoxin, hypoxia, and prematurity are risk factors for developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which was achieved by investigating the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in rats. To this end, we used premature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat pups delivered by cesarean section at a gestational age of 21 days (Pre-term group) as well as Full-term SD rat pups four days after birth (Full-term group). The pups were exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and hypoxia to induce necrotizing enterocolitis. It was seen that both Full- and Pre-term rats were resulted in necrotizing enterocolitis. The results indicated that, compared to the control groups, the degree of apoptosis was elevated in both the Pre-term and Full-term NEC rats. The Full-term group also showed a reduction in Bcl-2 levels and an elevation in the ratio of Bax-to-Bcl-2 levels compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the Pre-term group showed a significantly increased expression level of RIPK1, which implies the induction of RIPK1-dependent apoptosis. This suggests that the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis induced by LPS+ hypoxia is associated with programmed cell death pathway. It appears that the apoptotic pathway of the Bax/Bcl-2 system is the main mechanism in Full-term rats. By contrast, a number of other mechanisms, including TNF-induced apoptosis mechanism, may work together for necrotizing enterocolitis development in Pre-term rats. Further studies are needed to elucidate the different pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis development between Pre-term and Full-term rats.
Revisiting weight gain during gestation: body mass index and weight gain are associated with increased maternal cholesterol levels and higher risk of maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Contreras-Duarte Susana , Moya Daniela , Parra Ricardo , Rotarou Elena S. , Leiva Andrea
Published: April 2024

Background
Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) increase during pregnancy, in order to ensure fetal development. However, some women present maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH), or lipid levels over the 75th percentile, in the third trimester of pregnancy (T3). Despite this condition being associated with vascular dysfunction in the mother and the offspring, clinical reference values for lipid levels in pregnancy, and the impact of nutritional status on lipid profile – from pre-gestational (PG) until postpartum period (PP) – or on the onset of MSPH are unknown.
Aim
To determine if lipid levels at PG, pregnancy, and PP are influenced by maternal nutritional status, including body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy (WG), and if these factors are associated with MSPH.
Methods
This study included data from 650 women categorized as normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and with obesity (OB), according to the nutritional status, considering the BMI at T1. Lipid profiles (TC, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides (TG)) were analyzed at PG, T1, T2, T3, and PP. The percentiles for the different lipids and nutritional status were estimated. Correlations, and linear and logistic regressions were performed, considering lipids and weight parameters. Estimated probabilities for MSPH were also calculated.
Results
All women in our sample presented increased TC, LDL, and TG at T2, T3, and PP, in comparison to PG. Regarding nutritional status, women with OB presented reduced TC and LDL levels at T3 compared to NW women. TC and LDL at T3 were negatively correlated and associated with BMI at T3, while they were positively correlated and associated with WG. The logistic regression showed that WG is positively associatd with MSPH. Furthermore, the increase in WG is associated with an increased estimated probability for a woman having MSPH, and reaches 68.7% for a 30-kg WG.
Conclusion
The TC and LDL levels at T3 were directly related to weight parameters, and higher WG increased the risk for MSPH.
Performance, Analysis and Evaluation of UWOC Systems using OptiSystem Simulations across Diverse Water Conditions
Authors: P Latha , M Sreenithi K
Published: April 2024

The significance of underwater wireless communication continues to grow, driven by its diverse applications in both military operations and scientific research. This technology fills crucial gaps, particularly in scenarios where wired connections are impractical, such as submerged vehicles and devices. While acoustic communication dominates the field, its limitations in bandwidth and capacity necessitate the exploration of complementary technologies like underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). This paper explores the simulation of a UWOC system using Optisystem software to assess its performance across various underwater mediums. The study encompasses three types of seawater: pure seawater, Coastal Ocean, and turbid harbor. Employing intensity modulation via a Mach-Zehnder Modulator and Laser Diode as the light source, the simulation evaluates the system's capabilities over different wavelengths within the visible light spectrum. Results demonstrate significant differences in transmitting distance and power consumption between wavelengths at the onset of the visual spectrum and those with minimal attenuation. Notably, in clear ocean water, a signal traverses over 100 meters (about 328.08 ft) with 1 mW, while leveraging different wavelengths yields a 65% power saving at the same distance. This research underscores the potential of UWOC in enhancing underwater communication efficiency and reliability.
Seeing through flames with one pixel
Authors: Zhang Zibang , Deng Zilin , Xiong Siming , Wang Qianlong , Zheng Guoan , Chang Huibin , Liu Haifeng , Zhong Jingang
Published: April 2024

Seeing through flames is a critical capability in various applications, such as fire rescue, industrial combustion monitoring, and scientific research. However, the intense electromagnetic radiation emitted by flames can saturate and blind conventional imaging systems, making it challenging to visualize objects or scenes obscured by fire. In this paper, we present a novel method for real-time, full-color through-flame imaging using structured illumination and single-pixel detection. By projecting a series of carefully designed light patterns onto the scene and measuring the backscattered light with a single-pixel detector, we can computationally reconstruct the obscured scene while effectively suppressing the flame's contribution to the image. The single-pixel detector's high dynamic range and sensitivity enable it to capture the weak backscattered signal without being overwhelmed by the flame's intense radiation. We demonstrate the method's effectiveness in several experiments, showcasing its ability to image static and dynamic scenes through both steady and turbulent flames at a frame rate of 15 Hz. Furthermore, we show that the proposed method can be extended to full-color imaging by using three single-pixel detectors with different color filters. The results highlight the potential of this approach for enhancing visibility in fire-related scenarios and other challenging imaging conditions. We believe that the integration of this technology into augmented reality (AR) systems could provide firefighters and other users with valuable real-time visual information, improving situational awareness and decision-making in critical situations. With further advancements in single-pixel detector technology and computational imaging techniques, the proposed method could pave the way for more sophisticated and practical through-flame imaging solutions.
Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on Supply Chain Sustainability in Renewable Energy Industries
Authors: Dewi Lutfiana
Published: April 2024

This qualitative research study explores stakeholder perspectives on supply chain sustainability within the renewable energy industry. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, diverse viewpoints, challenges, and strategies to enhance sustainability practices in renewable energy supply chains are uncovered. Government agencies, industry associations, renewable energy companies, NGOs, investors, and local communities contribute their insights, reflecting on environmental impacts, social responsibility, economic viability, and stakeholder engagement. Key findings emphasize the importance of minimizing environmental footprints, promoting social inclusion, overcoming economic barriers, and fostering collaborative partnerships. Stakeholder engagement emerges as crucial for transparency, trust-building, and shared accountability, enabling collective action towards a more sustainable energy future. The study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and practitioners to drive collaborative efforts and advance sustainability goals across renewable energy supply chains.
Attention-Guided Erasing for Enhanced Transfer Learning in Breast Abnormality Classification
Authors: Panambur Adarsh Bhandary , Bhat Sheethal , Yu Hui , Madhu Prathmesh , Bayer Siming , Maier Andreas
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers globally, necessitating effective early screening and diagnosis. This study investigates the effectiveness and generalizability of our recently proposed data augmentation technique, attention-guided erasing (AGE), across various transfer learning classification tasks for breast abnormality classification in mammography.
Methods: AGE utilizes attention head visualizations from DINO self-supervised pretraining to weakly localize regions of interest (ROI) in images. These localizations are then used to stochastically erase non-essential background information from training images during transfer learning. Our research evaluates AGE across two image-level and three patch-level classification tasks. The image-level tasks involve breast density categorization in digital mammography (DM) and malignancy classification in contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM). Patch-level tasks include classifying calcifications and masses in scanned film mammography (SFM), as well as malignancy classification of ROIs in CEM.
Results: AGE significantly boosts classification performance with statistically significant improvements in mean F1-scores across four tasks compared to baselines. Specifically, for image-level classification of breast density in DM and malignancy in CEM, we achieve gains of 2% and 1.5%, respectively. Additionally, for patch-level classification of calcifications in SFM and CEM ROIs, gains of 0.4% and 0.6% are observed, respectively. However, marginal improvement is noted in the mass classification task, indicating the necessity for further optimization in tasks where critical features may be obscured by erasing techniques.
Conclusion: Our findings underscore the potential of AGE, a dataset- and task-specific augmentation strategy powered by self-supervised learning, to enhance the downstream classification performance of deep learning models, particularly involving Vision Transformers, in medical imaging.
Innovative Behavior Inventory and Innovation Support Inventory: Translation and validation in Greek
Authors: Moisoglou Ioannis , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Kolisiati Antigoni , Tsiachri Maria , Tsakalaki Anastasia , Galanis Petros
Published: April 2024

Background
Innovative behavior and innovation support should be measured with valid tools to better understand employees’ attitudes.
Aim
To translate and validate the “Innovative Behavior Inventory” (IBI) and the “Innovation Support Inventory” (ISI) in Greek.
Methods
Our sample included 328 nurses in Greece. We performed our study during April 2024. We employed the forward-backward method to translate and adapt the IBI and the ISI in Greek language. We examined the construct validity of the scales by performing confirmatory factor analysis. We examined the concurrent validity of the scales using the “Quiet Quitting Scale” (QQS) and the single item burnout measure. We examined the reliability of the scales by calculating Cronbach’s alpha.
Results
IBI and ISI showed very good psychometric properties. Our confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six-factor structure of the IBI and the three-factor structure of the ISI. Concurrent validity of the Greek versions of IBI and ISI was very good. We found statistically significant correlations between IBI and QQS (r = -0.540, p < 0.001), and single item burnout measure (r = -0.198, p < 0.001). We found statistically significant correlations between ISI and QQS (r = -0.313, p < 0.001), and single item burnout measure (r = -0.242, p < 0.001). Moreover, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for all factors of IBI and ISI was higher than the acceptable cut-off of 0.700.
Conclusions
The Greek versions of the “Innovative Behavior Inventory” and the “Innovation Support Inventory” are reliable and valid tools to measure innovative behavior, innovation support and innovation outputs among workers.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Adult ADHD Self Report Scale, 1.1 (ASRS)
Authors: Kornør Hege , Hysing Mari
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: ASRS er et selvutfyllingsskjema for kartlegging ADHD-symptomene hos ungdom og voksne. Testen tar ca fem minutter å fylle ut. Originalversjonen ble gitt ut av WHO Workgroup on Adult ADHD i 2005, og den norske oversettelsen i 2008. Rettighetshaveren, Verdens helseorganisasjon, stiller ingen krav til kompetanse for administrering av testen. Tolkning og vurdering av ASRS som en del av diagnostisk utredning bør utføres av personer med diagnostisk kompetanse.
Litteratursøk: Vårt systematiske litteratursøk identifiserte tre publikasjoner fra én norsk studie som har brukt en annen ASRS-versjon enn den offisielle oversettelsen. Vi inkluderte likevel de tre publikasjonene, da ASRS-versjonen som ble brukt var tilstrekkelig lik den offisielle i ordlyd, og oversettelsesprosessen var korrekt.
Psykometri: Ingen av de tre publikasjonene inneholdt psykometriske data.
Konklusjon: Det må utøves stor varsomhet ved bruk av ASRS i klinisk praksis. Det er nødvendig å forske på måleegenskapene til dette instrumentet.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Teacher's Report Form (TRF)
Authors: Kornør Hege , Drugli May Britt
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: TRF inngår som én av tre tester i Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Thomas Achenbach og Leslie Rescorla står bak denne testen, som kom ut i sin originalversjon på engelsk 2001. Torunn Nøvik og Sonja Heyerdahl publiserte den norske oversettelsen av TRF i 2002. TRF skal besvares av lærere for å kartlegge faglig fungering, tilpasning og problemområder hos barn og ungdom i skolealder. Problemdelen har én totalskåre som danner utgangspunkt for forskjellige subskalaer for syndromer eller klynger av problemområder. TRF fylles ut på mindre enn 30 minutter. Det kreves testspesifikk opplæring, samt pedagog-, psykolog- eller legeutdannelse, evt minst 3-årig høgskoleutdanning innen helse-/sosialfag, for å administrere og skåre TRF.
Litteratursøk: Basert på et systematisk litteratursøk inkluderte vi 17 publikasjoner fra 14 norske studier i denne oversikten. Studiene hadde utvalg fra både kliniske og generelle populasjoner, med utvalgsstørrelser på 16 – 2688.
Psykometri: To av de inkluderte publikasjonene rapporterte normdata fra representative utvalg fra en norsk generell populasjon (6-13 år) og fra barn (6-12 år) i Møre og Romsdal. Tre publikasjoner rapporterte begrepsvaliditet i form av korrelasjoner mellom TRF-skårer og skårer fra andre instrumenter. Den indre konsistensen varierte fra Cronbachs α 0,84 til 0,97 i de studiene som rapporterte dette målet. Ingen av publikasjonene rapporterte data for kriterievaliditet eller test-retest reliabilitet.
Konklusjon: Den norske versjonen av TRF har ett nasjonalt normgrunnlag og ett for Møre og Romsdal. Målene på begrepsvaliditet var vanskelige å tolke på grunn av uklar relevans og små koeffisienter. Mål på kriterievaliditet ble ikke identifisert. Hovedskalaene har god til svært god indre konsistens basert på flere utvalg, hvorav ett stort. Det foreligger ingen informasjon om test-retest reliabilitet for den norske TRF-versjonen. Til tross for en omfattende forskningslitteratur er dokumentasjonen av måleegenskapene til den norske versjonen av TRF mangelfull. Dette bør gjenspeiles av at det utøves skjønn i tolkningen av enkeltindividers skårer i klinisk praksis. Videre bør framtidige studier som bruker TRF fortsatt fokusere på måleegenskaper, og da særlig diagnostisk nøyaktighet, men også begrepsvaliditet, test-retest reliabilitet og normer.
The Impact of Digital Taxation Implementation and Taxpayer Knowledge on Tax Revenue Obstacles, Moderated by Incentive Policy
Authors: Susilowati Ani , Mappanyukki Ratna
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic’s worsening economic conditions increased obstacles in tax revenue. The obstacles that arise during the tax collection process take the form of tax evasion and tax avoidance by citizens. The research aimed to empirically prove the impact of digital taxation, taxpayer knowledge, and tax incentive policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, with tax obstacles as the dependent variable. The comprehensive discussion of the relationship between all variables in the research is a novelty of previous studies, which were carried out partially. The research population comprised corporate taxpayers in Jakarta, with a sample of 50 corporate taxpayers selected as the respondents usingconvenience sampling techniques. The data analysis technique used was quantitative, utilizing PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model). The research results indicate that implementing digital taxation and taxpayer knowledge significantly and negatively affect tax revenue obstacles. Moreover, tax incentive policies during the COVID-19 pandemic were a quasi-moderator variable that strengthens tax obstacles’ adverse and significant effects. The research implications highlighted the crucial role of digital taxation and taxpayer knowledge in mitigating obstacles to tax revenue. The findings suggest that effectively implementing digital taxation measures and enhancing taxpayer knowledge can significantly reduce tax evasion and avoidance hindrances.
Consolidation and Reconsolidation of Auditory-Verbal Memory in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Izyumova Irina A.
Published: April 2024

The paper describes the processes of consolidation and reconsolidation of auditory-verbal memory in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (G20, ICD-10) in comparison with cerebrovascular pathologies of a chronic and acute nature. The research objective was to identify the specifics of consolidation and reconsolidation of auditory-verbal memory in patients of this nosological group. The methods involved an experiment in F. Bartlett’s schema reconstruction, as well as methods of descriptive and comparative statistics. The experiment involved 104 people (67.5 ± 4.5, 21% male), including 30 patients with Parkinson’s disease (G20) (67.8 ± 4.8, 24% male), 34 patients diagnosed with sequelae of cerebral infarction (I69.3) (67.4 ± 4.4, 20% male), and 40 patients with other specified lesions of cerebral vessels on a model of chronic cerebral ischemia (CICI) (I67.8 67.6 ± 4.4, 24% male). All codes were indicated in accordance with ICD-10. The research revealed reliably significant features of consolidation and reconsolidation of auditoryverbal memory in Parkinson’s disease. The greatest number of differences belonged to the comparative analysis with the patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. This nosology was characterized by a greater number of distortion errors but few additions and sequence violations. In Parkinson’s disease, information underwent transformations already at the storing stage, which led to impairment of short-term and long-term memory. Distortion errors were more numerous than consistency errors, which casts doubt on the kinetic factor as the key one.
Developing Self-Awareness in Children during Early Ontogenesis
Authors: Gruzdeva Olga V. , Ulybina Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2024

Basic elements of self-awareness emerge and progress differently in different children. These timing peculiarities remain understudied in preschoolers. A comprehensive review revealed no clear guidelines, procedures, or technologies for psychological and pedagogical support of self-awareness in preschoolers. The authors studied the development of each component of self-awareness and the links between them. The research relied on the approach developed by V. S. Mukhina. The methods included psychodiagnostic testing, expert assessment, psychological experiment, statistical analysis, and qualitative data processing. The key components of self-awareness development included the following stages: identification with one’s own name; awareness of one’s own gender identity; use of the pronoun "I", which is an essential self-awareness link in young children. The psychological and pedagogical support of self-awareness development requires target actions for each link, as well as conscious efforts and resources of the family and the educational institution. The process of support is a process of socialization that starts when the child joins an organized group of peers. It lays foundation for the subsequent structural links between different components of self-awareness, i.e., claim to recognition, further awareness of one’s gender, and temporal self-awareness.
FARKLI OBEZİTE FENOTİPLERİNDE YÜRÜYÜŞE AİT ZAMAN-MESAFE PARAMETRELERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Eser Karka Tuba , Bayraktaroğlu Taner , Ünver Banu , Alarçin Gizem
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, android ve jinoid obezlerde yürüyüşün zaman-mesafe parametrelerinin sağlıklı bireylerden farkını araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18-65 yaş aralığında toplam 103 olgu katılmıştır. Vücut kütle indeksi (VKİ); normal (18,50-24,99 kg/m2) ve obez (≥30kg/m2) olguların bel/kalça oranları (BKO) tespit edilmiştir. Obezite fenotipi bel-kalça oranına göre belirlenmiştir. Android obez 43, jinoid obez 32 ve normal kilolu 28 olgunun dinamik pedobarografik analiziyle yürüyüşün zaman mesafe parametreleri değerlendirilerek karşılaştırılmıştır.
Sonuçlar: Sallanma süresinin (sağ p=0,032, sol p=0,022), deselerasyon ivmesinin (sağ p=0,003; sol p=0,008) ve adım genişliğinin (bilateral p0,016). Adım genişliğinin android obezlerde normal kilolulara göre daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur (p0,05).
Tartışma: Çalışmamız her iki obezite fenotipinde adım genişliğinin normal bireylere göre arttığını, yalnızca jinoid obezlerde sallanma süresi ve deselarasyon ivmesinin azaldığını ve total vücut yağ oranın bunu etkilediğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlarımız obezitenin yürüyüşün zaman mesafe parametrelerini etkilediğini, ancak farklı obezite fenotiplerinin bu parametreler açısından benzer özelliklere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION (PNF) TECHNIQUES ON MUSCLE FLEXIBILITY AMONG EXTENDED SITTING POSTURE INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Krishnan Kutty Rahul , Sıew Chee Ong , Stalın Suvınlal , Dewan Sonıa , Acharry Nisha Vijayan
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of different Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques for hamstring muscle tightness, and to find out the best PNF technique for improving hamstring flexibility.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental designed study, 30 university students who were between 18-25 years-old, sitting >6 hours per day, and had a Active Knee Extension Test (AKET) >20º were recruited with convenience sampling and equally allocated into Group A, B and C, non-randomly. Hold-Relax (HR), Agonist Contraction (AC) and Contract-Relax-Antagonist-Contract (CRAC) stretching techniques were given respectively, 3 sessions/week, for three weeks.
Results: Paired t-test showed significant effect of each technique compared between pre-test value and post-test value of AKET measurements of Hold-relax (HR), AC and CRAC groups (p
IS SCOLIOSIS A COMMON DEFORMITY IN CHILDREN WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS?
Authors: Kısa Eylül Pınar , Tarakcı Ela , Leblebici Gökçe , Çaçan Mehmet Akif , Kasapçopur Özgür
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in childhood. Scoliosis can occur in children with JIA, since it mainly affects joint involvement, and contributes to the asymmetry of body and spine. This study aims to screen scoliosis in JIA, compare it with healthy controls, and evaluate the awareness among parents of children.
Methods: 218 children with JIA (163 girls, 55 boys) and 144 healthy controls (124 girls, 20 boys) aged 4-16 years were involved in this study. Angle of Trunk rotation (ATR) was measured by a scoliometer by applying a forward bending test. Children with more than 5˚ ATR were referred to take X-ray. To collect demographic data from parents and assess their awareness of scoliosis, forms designed for parents were used.
Results: Scoliosis was seen in 35 of the 218 (16.1%) children with JIA whose joints other than the spine were affected. 183 parents reported that they had never heard of scoliosis before the study. Scoliosis was seen in 25 children of the 183 children whose families had not heard of scoliosis before the examination. In families who had heard of scoliosis before the study, scoliosis was diagnosed in 10 of the 34 children.
Conclusion: Parents of children with JIA should pay attention not only to joints and extremities but also to the spine and asymmetries in the body. However, instead of just assessing the affected joint, professionals should evaluate children with JIA comprehensively, including the spine.
LONG-TERM FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH INTERNAL FIXATION OF FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Tüfek Muhammed Taha , Gevrek Aslan Cansu , Çağlar Ömür , Kınıklı Gizem İrem
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Although internal fixation surgery of femoral shaft fracture (FSF) has high rates of union, it affects the patient’s functionality and quality of life due to additional health conditions depending on the traumatic nature of these injuries. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the long-term functional outcomes and quality of life of young adults who underwent internal fixation of isolated FSF to compare with healthy peers.
Methods: The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Stair Climb Test (SCT) were used to evaluate the functionality of the participants. The EuroQol 5-Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D) was used to assess the quality of life.
Results: Twenty young adult volunteers with internal fixation surgery aged 18-55 years are included in the FSF group (mean age: 39.55±11.92 years; duration after surgery: 28±7.2 months) and 20 healthy peers (mean age: 42.75±8.83 years) as the control group. The HHS and EQ-5D scores were lower (p
MANUEL LENF DRENAJI SAĞLIKLI KADINLARDA OTONOMİK FONKSİYONLARI ETKİLER Mİ?: BİR RANDOMİZE KONTROLLÜ ÇALIŞMA
Authors: Kiloatar Hümeyra , Isıntas Meltem
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, sağlıklı kadınlarda manuel lenf drenajının (MLD) otonomik fonksiyonlar üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: 40 sağlıklı kadın çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tek kör randomize kontrollü çalışmada katılımcılar MLD, sham MLD ve kontrol grubu olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri, kan basıncı ve kalp hızı değişkenliği (KHD) değerlendirildikten sonra soğuk basınç testi uygulandı. Testin hemen ardından kan basıncı ve KHD yeniden değerlendirildi. MLD grubuna MLD uygulamaları yapıldı. Sham MLD grubuna sham protokolü uygulandı. Kontrol grubundan 10 dakika sırt üstü yatmaları istendi. Uygulama sonrası katılımcılar tekrar değerlendirildi.
Sonuçlar: Sistolik kan basıncı soğuk basınç testi ile her 3 grupta da düşerken, sham MLD grubunda uygulama sonrası düşmeye devam etti (p
Disparidades en el Crecimiento Económico entre China y México
Authors: Calderón Villarreal Cuauhtémoc , Hernández Bielma Leticia
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es aplicar el modelo de la regla simple de Thirlwall para analizar las causas de las tasas divergentes de crecimiento de equilibrio entre China y México. Se utiliza el método Fully Modified OLS de Peter C. B. Phillips y Bruce E. Hansen. Este enfoque ofrece estimaciones precisas para las relaciones de largo plazo entre el PIB y las exportaciones, abordando la endogeneidad y la autocorrelación. Mediante este estimador, obtuvimos las tasas de crecimiento de equilibrio del PIB y las elasticidades ingreso de la demanda de importaciones. Se recomienda implementar políticas industriales y comerciales en México para impulsar su crecimiento. Una limitante es que no se realizó un análisis más detallado del crecimiento diferenciado, por lo que habría que explorar más adelante la versión ampliada de Ley de Thirlwall. La originalidad de nuestro trabajo consiste en que contribuye a la comprensión de las disparidades de crecimiento económico entre China y México. En conclusión, evidenciamos las distintas capacidades de crecimiento en función de las restricciones de las cuentas corrientes de cada país.
Impact of Digital Interventions on the Treatment Burden of Patients With Chronic Conditions: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Polus Manria , Keikhosrokiani Pantea , Korhonen Olli , Behutiye Woubshet , Isomursu Minna
Published: April 2024

Background

There is great potential for delivering cost-effective, quality health care for patients with chronic conditions through digital interventions. Managing chronic conditions often includes a substantial workload required for adhering to the treatment regimen and negative consequences on the patient’s function and well-being. This treatment burden affects adherence to treatment and disease outcomes. Digital interventions can potentially exacerbate the burden but also alleviate it.

Objective

The objective of this review is to identify, summarize, and synthesize the evidence of how digital interventions impact the treatment burden of people with chronic conditions.

Methods

The search, selection, and data synthesis processes were designed according to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015. A systematic search was conducted on October 16, 2023, from databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ACM, PubMed Central, and CINAHL.

Results

Preliminary searches have been conducted, and screening has been started. The review is expected to be completed in October 2024.

Conclusions

As the number of patients with chronic conditions is increasing, it is essential to design new digital interventions for managing chronic conditions in a way that supports patients with their treatment burden. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed systematic review will be the first review that investigates the impact of digital interventions on the treatment burden of patients. The results of this review will contribute to the field of health informatics regarding knowledge of the treatment burden associated with digital interventions and practical implications for developing better digital health care for patients with chronic conditions.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42023477605; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=477605

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/54833
Continuous Improvement of Chronic Tinnitus Through a 9-Month Smartphone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Walter Uso , Pennig Stefan , Bleckmann Lothar , Röschmann-Doose Kristina , Wittig Thomas , Thomsen Jörn , Schlee Winfried
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external auditive stimulus and can be a severe burden for affected patients. Medical guidelines recommend cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for tinnitus treatment, which effectively improves tinnitus-related distress and anxiety.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates the outcome of a 9-month smartphone-based CBT for patients with tinnitus.

METHODS

The randomized controlled clinical trial in this study investigates the efficacy of a smartphone-based CBT for 187 patients with chronic tinnitus over a 9-month treatment period. In the initial 3 months, a waiting list design was applied, and in the subsequent study phase, the data of both treatment groups were collectively analyzed. The scores on the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ); 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); 9-item Self-Efficacy, Optimism, Pessimism (SWOP-K9) questionnaire; and 20-item Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-20) were assessed as endpoints after 3 and 9 months of treatment.

RESULTS

We observed a statistically significant reduction in the tinnitus burden in patients who received the smartphone-based CBT intervention. Although no changes were observed initially in the TQ sum scores in the waiting control group (baseline mean, 37.8, SD 4.7; 3 months mean 37.5, SD 4.8; analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] P=.52), the scores significantly decreased once the app-based CBT had commenced. Data pooled from both groups revealed significant reduction in the TQ sum score by 12.49 (SD 1.44) (ANCOVA, P<.001) and 18.48 (SD 1.85) (ANCOVA, P<.001) points after 3 and 9 months, respectively, which was also clinically important. The calculated Cohen d was 1.38. Similarly, the scores on PSQ-20 (–9.14 points; ANCOVA, P<.001), PHQ-9 (–2.47 points; ANCOVA, P<.001), and SWOP-K9 (0.17 points; ANCOVA, P<.001) were significantly improved at the end of the therapy, with corresponding intermediate effect sizes after 9 months.

CONCLUSIONS

The data in our study provide evidence of statistically significant, clinically relevant, and continuous benefits of an app-based CBT intervention in patients with chronic tinnitus.

CLINICALTRIAL

Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00022973; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00022973
The Blood Glucose Regulation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Authors: Andriani Ika Jati Setya
Published: April 2024

Kontrol glukosa pada pasien yang dirawat di ICU telah menjadi topik perdebatan selama 20 tahun terakhir. Efek berbahaya dari hiperglikemia dan hipoglikemia yang tidak terkendali pada pasien kritis telah diketahui secara luas. Penelitian terdahulu membuktikan bahwa kontrol glukosa yang ketat bukan saja tidak bermanfaat, tetapi justru berbahaya karena meningkatkan terjadinya hipoglikemia yang signifikan. Pedoman saat ini menyarankan pendekatan secara moderat dengan inisiasi terapi insulin intravena pada pasien kritis ketika kadar glukosa darah di atas 180 mg/dL. Faktor terpenting yang mendasari manajemen glikemik pada pasien di unit perawatan intensif adalah pencegahan hipoglikemia. Strategi pemantauan glukosa dan protokol insulin yang kuat perlu diterapkan untuk mencapai tujuan ini.
Procalcitonin Sebagai Biomarker Diagnostik pada Pasien Sepsis yang Dirawat di ICU RSUP Dr. Sardjito
Authors: Nur Muhammad Ikhwan , Wisudarti Calcarina Fitriani Retno , Rahardjo Sri
Published: April 2024

Latar Belakang: Sepsis adalah masalah kesehatan global, yang ditandai adanya disfungsi organ disebabkan oleh disregulasi respon inang dalam menanggapi infeksi mikroba. Insidensi dan mortalitas pasien sepsis yang dirawat di ICU masih cukup tinggi. Diagnosis dinisangat diperlukan untuk pengobatan yang efektif dan menghindari penggunaan antibiotikyang tidak perlu. Procalcitonin adalah biomarker yang menunjukkan nilai diagnostik yang lebih baik daripada penanda proinflamasi lainnya dalam mengidentifikasi pasien dengan sepsis dan dapat digunakan dalam diagnosis infeksi bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas prokalsitonin sebagai biomarker pada pasien sepsis.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pada pasien yang dirawat di ICU RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta periode Januari – Desember 2018. Uji diagnostik dilakukan pada pasien sespsis dan non-sepsis yang mengalami disfungsi organ sesuai dengan kriteria skor SOFA. Cutoff point procalsitonin ditentukan menggunakan analisis receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas, spesisifitas, nilai duga positif, nilai duga negatif procalcitonin pada pasien sepsis.Hasil: Pada uji diagnostik procalcitonin pada pasien sepsis dengan cut-off point 3,27 ng/ml, didapatkan hasil sensitivitas 89,0%, spesifisitas 90%, nilai duga positif 90,1% dan nilai duga negatif 88,9%. Pada analisa ROC procalcitonin terhadap sepsis, didapatkan AUC 0,941 (AUC > 0,9).Kesimpulan: Procalcitonin juga memiliki nilai diagnostik yang baik sebagai biomarker pada pasien sepsis yang dirawat di ICU RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Procalcitonin memiliki kemampuan diskriminasi sangat kuat untuk pasien sepsis.
EPIDURAL VOLUME EXTENSION (EVE)
Authors: Wijaya Indriyani
Published: April 2024

Teknik Epidural Volume Extension (EVE) menyuntikkan normal saline ke ruang epidural segera setelah injeksi anestesi lokal ke intratekal (atau setelah blok subarachnoid / spinal). Penyuntikan normal saline akan melebarkan ruang epidural sehingga membuat penyebaran anestesi lokal pada penyuntikan intratekal sebelumnya dan distribusi cairan serebrospinal menjadi lebih tinggi (lebih cephalad), atau dapat dikatakan teknik EVE ini memanfaatkan efek volume dari normal saline yang menekan volume ruang intratekal. Teknik EVE mungkin berguna untuk mengurangi dosis anestesi lokal yang diinjeksikan intratekal dengan tetap mencapai ketinggian blok yang adekuat untuk operasi, serta untuk pemulihan blokade motorik yang lebih cepat. Sayangnya, terhadap risiko hipotensi, teknik EVE tidak mengurangi risiko ini secara signifikan. Hipotensi tetap terjadi meskipun teramati hemodinamik (penurunan tekanan darah arteri rerata) lebih stabil
TATALAKSANA KOMPLIKASI PROSEDUR LAPAROSKOPI PADA PASIEN DENGAN KOMORBID OBESITAS
Authors: Saputra Dya
Published: April 2024

Masalah utama dengan laparoskopi terkait dengan efek kardiopulmoner karena pneumoperitoneum, penyerapan karbon dioksida secara sistemik, insuflasi gas ekstraperitoneal, emboli gas vena, cedera pada struktur intra-abdominal dan posisi pasien, terutama pada kolesistektomi laparoskopi yang merupakan prosedur yang dilakukan di daerah perut bagian atas. Oleh karena itu penulis akan membahas komplikasi anestesi pada prosedur laparoskopi dan penatalaksanaan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah dan mengatasi komplikasi tersebut. Karakteristik respon hemodinamik diawali dengan penurunan indeks jantung setelah insuflasi gas CO2 intraperitoneal dan diikuti dengan pemulihan. Kompresi organ perut akibat peningkatan tekanan intra-abdomen dan peningkatan simpatis dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab peningkatan tekanan pengisian jantung yang juga dapat dikaitkan dengan peningkatan tekanan intratoraks akibat pneumoperitoneum. Insuflasi ruang intraperitoneal dengan gas CO2 menghasilkan pneumoperitoneum, efek sistemik dari penyerapan CO2 dan peningkatan refleks tonus vagal yang dapat berkembang menjadi aritmia.