bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equimodalidade e Hôs Epi To Poly no De Interpretatione 9
Authors: Santos Ricardo
Published: June 2021

In the first part of De Interpretatione 9, Aristotle introduces an argument for fatalism that he obviously does not subscribe to. Readers of the chapter wonder how Aristotle replies to that argument. In this paper I claim that the main basis of his reply is the principle of equimodality stated in 19a33 (“statements are true in the same way as the actual things are”). I defend that this principle should be interpreted in the most straightforward way, as saying that the modality with which any statement is true is the same as the modality with which the actual things referred to in the statement are what they are. This entails that something is (or will be) necessarily such and such only if the statement saying that it is (or will be) such and such is necessarily true. By applying this principle to Aristotle’s distinction between two kinds of non-necessary things – those that happen as chance has it and those that happen for the most part (hôs epi to poly) in one way rather than another –, one should conclude that, because these things are contingent, statements about them can only be contingently true.
Quando foi mesmo que saímos do Egito? A saga de Orly Castel-Bloom
Authors: Rozenchan Nancy
Published: June 2021

Setenta anos após a criação do moderno Estado de Israel em que nem todos os seus problemas foram solucionados mas, ao menos, foram enfrentados, muitos destes se expressam e se esclarecem por meio da literatura hebraica. Dentre estas questões destacam-se as migrações ocorridas durante estas sete décadas e a absorção dos recém-chegados que precisaram se adaptar à vida no país, desde a nova língua até novas conformações socioculturais. Os variados motivos para estas migrações também pesam sobre estes novos israelenses. O premiado romance Haroman hamitsri (O romance egípcio), de 2015, de Orly Castel-Bloom que, numa saga, trata da imigração da família Castil (sobrenome da sua família) do Egito a Israel, das origens sefarditas da mesma e da demolição de seus sonhos sionistas, servirá de modelo para seguir esta trajetória.
Extracellular Vesicles and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging
Authors: Goldberg Laura R.
Published: June 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), important mediators of intercellular communication, play a critical role in modulating hematopoiesis within the bone marrow microenvironment. Although few studies have explicitly examined the connections between EVs and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, there is a growing body of evidence that implicates EVs in numerous age-related biologic processes and diseases. This, coupled with their tremendous capacity to influence hematopoiesis, suggests EVs may be key mediators of HSC aging. This review provides an overview of the effects of aging on HSCs, the role of EVs in aging in general, and then details key work in EV modulation of normal and malignant hematopoiesis, with a particular focus on how these effects may translate into the ability of EVs to drive HSC aging. Finally, it describes an exciting emerging literature that provides direct evidence for EV modulation of HSC phenotypes during natural aging and highlights their potential in HSC rejuvenation. Taken collectively, this body of research has profound implications for the future of HSC aging studies. More clearly defining how EVs modify HSC function in an age-dependent fashion and determining the molecular mechanisms by which they drive these age-related HSC phenotype changes will undoubtedly yield innovative strategies to delay or even reverse age-related hematologic dysfunction.
Synthetic Fibrin-Derived Bβ
15-42
Peptide Delays Thrombus Resolution in a Mouse Model
Authors: Chausheva Stella , Redwan Bassam , Sharma Smriti , Marella Nara , Schossleitner Klaudia , Mueller André C. , Petzelbauer Peter , Morris Timothy , Lang Irene M.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Thrombus resolution is driven by leukocyte recruitment and thrombus angiogenesis. An effective inhibition of leukocyte transmigration in vitro is mediated by naturally occurring peptide Bβ
15-42
, which is a competitive inhibitor of the interaction between the N-terminus of the fibrin beta chain and vascular endothelial cadherin. We investigated the effect of Bβ
15-42
on thrombus resolution in a murine stagnant flow venous thrombosis model and studied Bβ
15-42
levels in venous thrombus of human patients.

Approach and Results:

We investigated 2 mouse models of subtotal inferior vena cava ligation. In the first model, we ligated the inferior vena cava. In the second model, we additionally ligated all visible inferior vena cava side and back branches. Study groups of 8 to 12 weeks old BALB/c mice were then injected intraperitoneal twice daily with 2.4 mg/kg of Bβ
15-42
, unrelated control peptide or saline. Bβ
15-42
attenuated thrombus resolution after inferior vena cava ligation. We observed decreased numbers of thrombus macrophages and microvessels and less urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression in mice that were injected with Bβ
15-42
. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that Bβ
15-42
blocks monocyte transmigration through an endothelial cell monolayer. Measurements of Bβ
15-42
in red clot and plasma of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension cases indicated high concentrations compared with controls.

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that excess of the fibrin fragment Bβ
15-42
misguides thrombus resolution, presumably by inhibiting vascular endothelial cadherin-mediated leukocyte migration during early thrombus organization.
Relational Egalitarianism and Democracy
Authors: Motchoulski Alexander
Published: June 2021

Relational egalitarians argue that democratic institutions are justified by appeal to relational equality. According to the skeptical challenge, equality of political power is not required for relational equality, and the relational egalitarian case for democracy fails. I defend the relational egalitarian justification of democracy. I develop an analysis of social status and show that inequalities of power will not entail inequalities of status. I then show that inequalities of power will robustly cause inequalities of status and argue that this vindicates the relational egalitarian case for democracy, because such theories have a much more pragmatic standard of success for the justification of democracy than conceptual necessity. I consider the objection that if inequalities of power robustly cause inequalities of status, then relational egalitarians should also oppose democratic institutions, because officials such as legislators or judges will have more power than citizens. In reply, I argue that relational egalitarians are only opposed to inequalities of status that mark a failure of recognition respect, and that inequalities of status that follow from democratically licensed inequalities of power will not mark such a failure. I conclude that the skeptical challenge is unsuccessful, and that the relational egalitarian justification of democracy is sound.
Ferns and Lycophytes of Honduras: A new annotated checklist
Authors: REYES-CHÁVEZ JOHAN , TARVIN STEPHANIE , BATKE SVEN PETER
Published: June 2021

For over two decades no attempt has been made to update the checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes (hereafter only referred to as pteridophytes) of Honduras. In 1996 Nelson-Sutherland and co-workers published the first fully annotated checklist for the country, which included 651 named species (680 taxa including varieties and hybrids). However, phylogenetic relationships have changed substantially since then. There have also been many taxonomic revisions for several groups and a considerable number of new records have since been published. Our work aimed to provide a comprehensive updated and fully annotated checklist of Honduran ferns. We undertook a comprehensive literature review of new records for Honduras and verified each individual record for the country. We followed PPGI for our taxonomic species revisions. We excluded a total of 81 taxa from the original 1996 checklist due to synonymy or lack of evidence of the species occurrence in Honduras. A total of 114 new species records were added, including four previously unpublished records. Our new updated checklist includes 713 taxa (including 8 varieties and 7 hybrids) which represents a 19% increase to the number of pteridophytes known from Honduras. Our work provides updated information regarding the pteridophytes diversity of Honduras. These data provide a crucial first step towards the first Honduran pteridophytes flora.
Taxonomic clarification and neotype designation of two Taiwanese salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela, Hynobiidae)
Authors: NISHIKAWA KANTO , JU YU-TEN , JHENG SHENG-WUN , LIN YOU-ZHU , HARA SOTARO , LAI JUNE-SHIANG , LIN SI-MIN , LUE KUANG-YANG
Published: June 2021

Taxonomic identification of two Taiwanese salamanders, Hynobius sonani (Maki, 1922), and H. formosanus Maki, 1922, was clarified. Based on the descriptions and measurement data in the original description, we confirmed that H. sonani has been treated as H. formosanus and vice versa, which might have been caused by confusion of sampling localities of the two species. Because we could not find the holotypes of the two species and concluded these were lost, we herein assign neotypes for these species for precluding future taxonomic confusion.
Small, uniform, and rarely collected—an integrated taxonomic revision of Afromicracis bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)
Authors: JORDAL BJARTE
Published: June 2021

Afromicracis is typically found in small twigs and lianas, on the African mainland from Ghana to Ethiopia and south to the Cape region. Due to their small and uniform shape, previous classifications were largely misleading. The genus is revised with a total of 16 valid species in the genus. Seven species are described as new to science: Afromicracis brevipilosa sp. nov. and Afromicracis crinita sp. nov., both from South Africa, Afromicracis concava sp. nov. from Cameroon, Afromicracis crassa sp. nov. and Afromicracis densisetosa sp. nov. from Tanzania, Afromicracis depilata sp. nov. from Uganda, and Afromicracis ghanaensis sp. nov. from Ghana. Molecular data document deep divergence and limited morphological evolution for this genus. A key and photographs are provided to enable identification of Afromicracis species.
Jamides wananga, a new species from Papua New Guinea and Australia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: WILSON PETER R. , JOHNSON IAN R. , LOHMAN DAVID J.
Published: June 2021

Jamides wananga sp. n. is described and illustrated from Madang Province of Papua New Guinea and Dauan Island in the Torres Strait (Queensland, Australia). The new species is similar in appearance to several other Jamides Hübner species in the bochus-group. DNA sequence data and morphology were used to distinguish the nominotypical subspecies found on the New Guinea mainland from J. w. roxina subsp. n. on Dauan Island. Notes on the habitat and behaviour are also provided.
An Advanced Image Processing Prototype for Corrosion Finding Using Image Processing
Authors: Malathi M. , Sinthia P.
Published: June 2021

The main objective of the research work is to recognize the rust of the substance with the help of Image Processing. The recognition of the rust portion of an image is carried out by quantizing of image in matrix form. The quantization process helps to perform the fundamental operation
on image and also helps to identify the desired oxidation portion of an image. The corrosion portion was identified through the threshold operation, edge detection and segmentation. Threshold value assists to describe the types of the rust. Further the abrupt modification of colour in the
images was captured by the edge detection method. Consequently partitioning of an image find the colour changes in the oxidized image. The corrosion portion was recognized by combining the edge recognition and partitioning process. Finally recommended methods provide the 98% accuracy to detect
the rust.
An Exhaustive Comparative Study of Network Simulation Tool
Authors: Srivastava Ashutosh , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Rashid Mamoon , Vengatesan K. , Kumar Abhishek , Singhal Achintya
Published: June 2021

In ongoing situation framing communication network takes a lot of time and cost. So, actualizing a system isn’t simple. Test system assists with mimicking an ongoing domain. In this manner the moment and expenditure for the checking usefulness of a system have been condensed and
it is easy to implements. Network simulator accelerates the research and development process. It includes a development environment to model a network type. The aspire of this dissertation is to explore the features of a variety of types of simulator-emulator and consider their disadvantages
and advantages and deeply examine about NS-2 and QualNet simulation tool with two modeled cases. We endeavor a decent reference for those individuals who feel trouble to choose the system test systems in their examination.
Efficient Implementation of Multiply Accumulate Operation Unit Using an Interlaced Partition Multiplier
Authors: Bhuvaneswary N. , Prabu S. , Tamilselvan K. , Parthiban K. G.
Published: June 2021

A new strategy for quick multiplication of two numbers is introduced. Inputs are separated into segments, and one segment is replaced by two with zeros interlocking in each alternative segments. With zero carries between segments the product are computed, within the time needed to multiply
the short partitions and add the partial sums. The multiplication of two numbers generated and adds that product to an accumulator by multiply accumulate operation (MAC unit). This operation is performed within the MAC unit. MAC is an advanced co-processor that plays a vital role in FFT, DFT,
etc. The MAC unit is utilized for additional execution and its input is given to the proposed multiplier that provides a trivial speed increment over the array multiplier designs. This paper is utilized to design speed enhanced multiply Accumulate Unit by an Interlaced Partition Multiplier.
This new multiplier design simulation is optimized with existing method.
Fog Enabled Cloud Based Intelligent Resource Management Approach Using Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Strategy and Kernel Support Vector Machine
Authors: Sudha R. , Indirani G. , Selvamuthukumaran S.
Published: June 2021

Resource management is a significant task of scheduling and allocating resources to applications to meet the required Quality of Service (QoS) limitations by the minimization of overhead with an effective resource utilization. This paper presents a Fog-enabled Cloud computing resource
management model for smart homes by the Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Strategy. Besides, Kernel Support Vector Machine (KSVM) model is applied for series forecasting of time and also of processing load of a distributed server and determine the proper resources which should be allocated for
the optimization of the service response time. The presented IGWO-KSVM model has been simulated under several aspects and the outcome exhibited the outstanding performance of the presented model.
Surface Electromyographic Signal Acquisition System for Real Time Monitoring of Upper Limbs Muscles
Authors: Ferraz Rafael da Silva , Fonseca Raiff Sales da , Rodrigues Igor Thonke , Silva Cláudio Bastos da , Filho Horácio Tertuliano Santos
Published: June 2021

The main goal of this paper is to present the design of a surface electromyography acquisition, processing and amplification system with low power consumption. Based on a micro-controller and a Bluetooth module, it must send the data to a cell phone in real time. The main topology is based on an operational amplifier and passive components in order to produce filters and an instrumentation amplifier applied to Electromyography (EMG). This paper also shows the equations used during design and describes each step of development, from simulations and testing to acquired data and microcontroller programming. In order to produce a low-cost circuit that can be later used as an acquisition tool for portable mechanisms and prosthesis, the design of the main circuit considers the lowest number of components while it does not compromise efficiency.
The impact of tropical Atlantic SST variability on the tropical atmosphere during boreal summer
Authors: Ren Hong-Chang , Zuo Jinqing , Li Weijing
Published: June 2021

The interannual variability of boreal summer sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic displays two dominant modes, the Atlantic zonal mode highlighting SST variations in the equatorial–southern tropical Atlantic (ESTA) region and the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) mode focusing on SST fluctuations in the NTA region except in the Gulf of Guinea. Observational evidence indicates that both the boreal summer ESTA and NTA warming are accompanied by a pair of anomalous low-level anti-cyclones over the western tropical Pacific, and the NTA-related anti-cyclone is more obvious than the ESTA-related one. Both atmosphere-only and partially coupled experiments conducted with the Community Earth System Model Version 1.2 support the observed NTA–Pacific teleconnection. In contrast, the ESTA-induced atmospheric circulation response is negligible over the tropical Pacific in the atmosphere-only experiments, and though the response becomes stronger in the partially coupled experiments, obvious difference still exists between the simulations and observation. The ESTA-induced atmospheric circulation response is featured by an anomalous low-level cyclone over the western tropical Pacific in the partially coupled experiments, opposite to its observed counterpart. It is found that the ESTA warming coincides with significantly La Niña-like SST anomalies in the central–eastern equatorial Pacific, the influence of which on the tropical atmospheric circulation is opposite to that of the ESTA warming, and therefore contributes to difference between the ESTA-related simulations and observation. Moreover, the cold climatological mean SST in the ESTA region is unfavourable to enhancing the ESTA–Pacific teleconnection during boreal summer.
Contribution of Meteorological Downscaling to Skill and Precision of Seasonal Drought Forecasts
Authors: Zamora Ryan A. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Rodell Matthew , Getirana Augusto , Kumar Sujay , Arsenault Kristi , Gutmann Ethan
Published: June 2021

Research in meteorological prediction on sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales has seen growth in recent years. Concurrent with this, demand for seasonal drought forecasting has risen. While there is obvious synergy between these fields, S2S meteorological forecasting has typically focused on low resolution global models, while the development of drought can be sensitive to the local expression of weather anomalies and their interaction with local surface properties and processes. This suggests that downscaling might play an important role in the application of meteorological S2S forecasts to skillful forecasting of drought. Here, we apply the Generalized Analog Regression Downscaling (GARD) algorithm to downscale meteorological hindcasts from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) global S2S forecast system. Downscaled meteorological fields are then applied to drive offline simulations with the Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) to forecast United States Drought Monitor (USDM) style drought indicators derived from simulated surface hydrology variables. We compare the representation of drought in these downscaled hindcasts to hindcasts that are not downscaled, using the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS-2) dataset as an observational reference. We find that downscaling using GARD improves hindcasts of temperature and temperature anomalies, but the results for precipitation are mixed and generally small. Overall, GARD downscaling led to improved hindcast skill for total drought across the Contiguous United States (CONUS), and improvements were greatest for extreme (D3) and exceptional (D4) drought categories.
Characterization of Drug Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Based on Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Qian , Ye Minlu , Wang Lingyan , Jiang Dongmei , Yao Shuting , Lin Donghong , Chen Yang , Feng Shangyuan , Yang Ting , Hu Jianda
Published: June 2021

Multidrug resistance is highly associated with poor prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. This work aims to explore whether the laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) could be practical in separating adriamycin-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells K562/adriamycin from its parental cells K562, and to explore the potential mechanisms. Detection of LTRS initially reflected the spectral differences caused by chemoresistance including bands assigned to carbohydrates, amino acid, protein, lipids, and nucleic acid. In addition, principal components analysis as well as the classification and regression trees algorithms showed that the specificity and sensitivity were above 90%. Moreover, the band data-based classification and regression tree model and receiver operating characteristic curve further determined some important bands and band intensity ratios to be reliable indexes in discriminating K562 chemoresistance status. Finally, we highlighted three metabolism pathways correlated with chemoresistance. This work demonstrates that the label-free LTRS analysis combined with multivariate statistical analyses have great potential to be a novel analytical strategy at the single-cell level for rapid evaluation of the chemoresistance status of K562 cells.
pH-Dependent Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Ultraviolet Resonance Raman (UVRR) Spectra at Intracellular Concentration
Authors: Merk Virginia , Speiser Eugen , Werncke Wolfgang , Esser Norbert , Kneipp Janina
Published: June 2021

The ultraviolet resonance Raman spectra of the adenine-containing enzymatic redox cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide in aqueous solution of physiological concentration are compared with the aim of distinguishing between them and their building block adenine in potential co-occurrence in biological materials. At an excitation wavelength of 266 nm, the spectra are dominated by the strong resonant contribution from adenine; nevertheless, bands assigned to vibrational modes of the nicotinamide and the flavin unit are found to appear at similar signal strength. Comparison of spectra measured at pH 7 with data obtained pH 10 and pH 3 shows characteristic changes when pH is increased or lowered, mainly due to deprotonation of the flavin and nicotinamide moieties, and protonation of the adenine, respectively.
Self-Help and Black Firearm Crime
Authors: Ammons-Blanfort Candice , D’Alessio Stewart J. , Stolzenberg Lisa
Published: June 2021

Self-help theory posits that a negative perception of police engenders firearm violence rather than simply amplifying individuals’ ownership of firearms for self-defense. A racially diverse police force may help decrease firearm use among Black citizens because marginalized groups in society often view a governmental institution as legitimate and impartial when the racial composition of the institution mirrors the population it represents. Analyses using multilevel data show that as the racial diversity of a city’s police department increases, Black criminal offenders are much less likely to use a firearm in an aggravated assault and in a violent crime. These findings buttress the claim that the institutional legitimacy of a police agency can be enhanced by descriptive racial representation.
Target Congruence as a Means of Understanding the Risk of Bullying Victimization among Multicultural Family Youth in South Korea
Authors: Choi Jaeyong , Kruis Nathan , Lee Julak
Published: June 2021

This study used data from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) to apply propositions found in target congruence theory (TCT) to self-reported bullying victimization experienced by multicultural family youth living in South Korea. Results from a sample of 1,443 multicultural family youth show that indicators of target vulnerability (e.g., depression and acculturative stress) and target antagonism (e.g., Korean ability and perceptions toward South Korea) significantly predict school bullying victimization in the theoretically expected directions. Directly, our results highlight the importance of considering variables specific to children with multicultural backgrounds when developing anti-bullying campaigns. Broadly, our results suggest that propositions outlined in TCT may be useful when implementing programs intended to prevent victimization.
Use of the Lagrange Multiplier Test for Assessing Measurement Invariance Under Model Misspecification
Authors: Guastadisegni Lucia , Cagnone Silvia , Moustaki Irini , Vasdekis Vassilis
Published: June 2021

This article studies the Type I error, false positive rates, and power of four versions of the Lagrange multiplier test to detect measurement noninvariance in item response theory (IRT) models for binary data under model misspecification. The tests considered are the Lagrange multiplier test computed with the Hessian and cross-product approach, the generalized Lagrange multiplier test and the generalized jackknife score test. The two model misspecifications are those of local dependence among items and nonnormal distribution of the latent variable. The power of the tests is computed in two ways, empirically through Monte Carlo simulation methods and asymptotically, using the asymptotic distribution of each test under the alternative hypothesis. The performance of these tests is evaluated by means of a simulation study. The results highlight that, under mild model misspecification, all tests have good performance while, under strong model misspecification, the tests performance deteriorates, especially for false positive rates under local dependence and power for small sample size under misspecification of the latent variable distribution. In general, the Lagrange multiplier test computed with the Hessian approach and the generalized Lagrange multiplier test have better performance in terms of false positive rates while the Lagrange multiplier test computed with the cross-product approach has the highest power for small sample sizes. The asymptotic power turns out to be a good alternative to the classic empirical power because it is less time consuming. The Lagrange tests studied here have been also applied to a real data set.
Exploring the Effects of Interruptions in Different Phases of Complex Decision-Making Tasks
Authors: Wu Man , Gao Qin , Liu Yang
Published: June 2021

Objective

The study aims to examine the effects of interruptions in major phases (i.e., problem-identification, alternative-development, and evaluation-and-selection) of complex decision-making tasks.

Background

The ability to make complex decisions is of increasing importance in workplaces. Complex decision-making involves a multistage process and is likely to be interrupted, given the ubiquitous prevalence of interruptions in workplaces today.

Method

Sixty participants were recruited for the experiment to complete a procurement task, which required them to define goals, search for alternatives, and consider multiple attributes of alternatives to make decisions. Participants in the three experimental conditions were interrupted to respond to messages during one of these three phases, whereas participants in the control condition were not interrupted. The impacts of interruptions on performance, mental workload, and emotional states were measured through a combination of behavioral, physiological, and subjective evaluations.

Results

Only participants who were interrupted in the evaluation-and-selection phase exhibited poorer task performance, despite their positive feelings toward interruptions and confidence. Participants who were interrupted in the problem-identification phase reported higher mental workload and more negative perceptions toward interruptions. Interruptions in the alternative-development phase led to more temporal changes in arousal and valence than interruptions in other phases.

Conclusion

Interruptions during the evaluation-and-selection phase undermine overall performance, and there is a discrepancy between behavioral outcomes and subjective perceptions of interruption effects.

Application

Interruptions should be avoided in the evaluation-and-selection phase in complex decision-making. This phase information can be either provided by users or inferred from coarse-grained interaction activities with decision-making information systems.
Gender Perspectives in Namibia’s Communal Land: Exploring Women’s Hindrances to Equitable Land Ownership
Authors: Mwetulundila Paulus
Published: June 2021

Rural communities depend on land for socio-economic livelihoods. However, owning land remains a critical challenge in post-independence Namibia for women, despite institutionalised laws and policies designed to redress gender inequalities. This paper discourses on the hindrances to equitable communal land ownership in nine regions among women aged 18–60 years. Findings reveal a high perception among women themselves that women should own land in communal areas. The study concludes that the struggle for equitable land distribution is far from being over, despite various government interventions to address the status quo, and hence recommends the overhaul of existing legal frameworks.
Early Cost Realization and College Choice
Authors: Yoon Haewon , Yang Yang , Morewedge Carey K.
Published: June 2021

Student loans defer the cost of college until after graduation, allowing many students access to higher lifetime earnings and colleges and universities they otherwise could not afford. Even with student loans, however, the authors find that students psychologically realize the financial costs of a college education long before their loan repayments begin. This early cost realization frames financial decisions between most pairs of colleges as an intertemporal trade-off. Students choose between investments with (1) smaller short-term costs but smaller long-term returns (a lower-cost, lower-return [LC-LR] college) and (2) larger short-term costs but larger long-term returns (a higher-cost, higher-return [HC-HR] college). The authors find that early cost realization increases preferences for LC-LR colleges—preferences that could reduce lifetime earnings—in both simulations and experiments. Preferences for LC-LR colleges are pronounced among financially impatient students and in choice pairs of LC-LR and HC-HR colleges where the equilibrium is set at a low-discount-rate threshold. A return-on-investment strategy, future uncertainty, and debt aversion cannot explain these results. A decision aid synchronizing the psychological realization of costs and benefits reduced preferences for LC-LR colleges, illustrating that the preference is constructed and receptive to interventions.
Null Effects of Different Amounts of Task Variation in Both Contextual Interference and Differential Learning Paradigms
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Kemena Markus , Jaitner Thomas
Published: June 2021

Various motor learning approaches, such as Schema Theory, Contextual Interference or Differential Learning, have proposed that varying the task during skill acquisition prompts superior learning. However, past research has mainly compared task variation in an experimental group to no task variation in a control group. Past research has more rarely compared specific intervention groups and/or addressed how varying amounts of task variation may affect skill learning. Our aim in this study was to compare motor learning of golf putting across four groups of novice golfers randomly assigned to these conditions: (a) a contextual interference group who putted at varied putting distances and had varied repetitive weekly schedule patterns, (b) a differential learning group who putted at multiple putting distances, putting amplitudes, and putting movements and had no repetitions, (c) an identical differential learning as in (b) except that participants also varied the putter, and (d) a control group who experienced no practice variations. Participants were 42 university students randomly divided into the four groups. All groups completed eight training sessions of 36 putts per session over four weeks, a pretest, posttest, two retention tests (one and three weeks after posttest) and transfer tasks (different floor). Average hit ratios and minimal distances to the hole were captured and analyzed by Scheirer-Ray-Hare test and Mann-Whitney post-hoc tests. Results showed improved hit ratios from pre- to post-test for all groups, and a stable retention performance for the variable training groups in contrast to the control group ( p = .003). Transfer performance was low for all variable training groups with a significantly lower control group performance on transfer test 2 ( p = .008). In conclusion, variable training schedules in all experimental groups benefited motor learning relative to controls, and differences in the amount of task variation between groups with variable training schedules did not affect skill acquisition.
Listening to Fast-Tempo Music During a Post-Exercise Passive Rest Period Improved Subsequent Sprint Cycling
Authors: Dobashi Shohei , Matsuura Fumiya , Ando Daisuke
Published: June 2021

Listening to music during active recovery between exercise bouts has been found to help maintain high levels of exercise performance; however, the effect of listening to music alone with no exercise while resting passively has not been elucidated. We examined whether listening to music during static (passive) recovery affects subsequent repeated sprint performances and/or psychological and physiological responses in healthy young males. Twelve healthy young male athletes completed two consecutive sets of 7 × 7 second maximal cycling sprints with a 30-second rest interval between the sprints. During a 15-minute interval between the sets, the participants rested passively while listening to fast-tempo (Fast, 130 bpm), slow-tempo (Slow, 70 bpm) music, or no music (Con). We assessed affective valence and arousal using the Affect Grid. The valence and arousal scores immediately after listening to fast-tempo music were significantly higher than those in the no music condition. Mean and peak power outputs during the second set after listening to fast-tempo music were significantly higher compared to those after the Slow and Con conditions (both adjusted p < .05). Moreover, the changes in exercise performances between the first and second set were significantly associated with changes in the arousal score induced by the music conditions, but not with changes in the valence score. These results suggested that listening to fast-tempo songs during passive recovery between the exercises improved subsequent repeated sprint cycling performance in physically active males. This type of rapid exercise recovery might be useful for competitive athletes, such as judo, track and fields, and swimming races.
With and Beyond Epistemologies from the South: Ontological Epistemology of Participation, Multi-topial Hermeneutics and the Calling of Planetary Realisations
Authors: Giri Ananta Kumar
Published: June 2021

Our contemporary moment is a moment of crisis of epistemology as a part of the wider and deeper crisis of modernity and the human condition. The crisis of epistemology emerges from the limits of the epistemic as it is tied to epistemology of procedural certainty and closure. The crisis of epistemology also reflects the limits of epistemology closed within the Euro-American universe of discourse. It is in this context that the present essay discusses Boaventura de Sousa Santos’ Epistemologies of the South: Justice Against Epistemicide. It also discusses some of the limits of de Sousa Santos’ alternatives especially his lack of cultivation of the ontological in his exploration of epistemological alternatives beyond the Eurocentric canons. It then explores the pathways of ontological epistemology of participation which brings epistemic and ontological works and meditations together in transformative and cross-cultural ways. This helps us in going beyond both the limits of the primacy of epistemology in modernity as well as Eurocentrism. It also explores pathways of a new hermeneutics which involves walking and meditating across multiple topoi of cultures and traditions of thinking and reflections which is called multi- topial hermeneutics in this study. This involves foot-walking and foot-meditative interpretation across multiple cultures and traditions of the world which help us go beyond ethnocentrism and eurocentrism and cultivate conversations and realisations across borders what the essay calls planetary realisations.
Community Pharmacist Services for Hypertensive Patients: A Novel Practice in Shanghai, China
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhu Xiaoyan , Shen Mei , Wu Jianping , Chen Shuqin , Wang Zhongzhuang , Yu Wenya , Shi Jianwei , Huang Jiaoling , Wang Zhaoxin
Published: June 2021

For Chinese community pharmacists, there is a lack of guidance before and after the drug treatment process for community residents. This study aimed to investigate community pharmacists’ role in hypertension management. One hundred ninety-six hypertensive patients were randomly selected from the studied community. For patients in the intervention group, monthly meetings were scheduled with a community pharmacist. Patients in the non-intervention group received standard care from their physicians. In the intervention group, the percentage using information from pharmacists increased significantly, from 54.3% to 94.2% ( P < .05). Awareness of self-management was also enhanced, with community self-management group attendance increasing from 53.4% to 77.7% ( P < .05), but the non-intervention group did not change significantly. Hypertensive patients’ beliefs about community pharmacists also improved significantly. Hypertension status also showed a significant improvement, whereas for participants without intervention, it worsened over time. In addition to increasing knowledge regarding drug use, care provided by community pharmacists can also significantly improve blood pressure status. For those who did not receive intervention, a disproportionate level of health deterioration could be seen.
Prediction and optimization of mechanical properties of PA6/NBR/graphene nanocomposites fabricated by friction stir processing
Authors: Ghorbankhan Ali , Nakhaei Mohammad Reza , Naderi Ghasem
Published: June 2021

The friction stir process (FSP) method used to prepare polyamide 6 (PA6)/nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) nanocomposites with 1 wt% Graphene nanoparticles. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were used to study the effects of four input variables including tool rotational speed (ω), shoulder temperature (T), traverse speed (S), and the number of passes (N) on tensile strength and impact strength of PA6/NBR/Graphene nanocomposite. In order to investigate the dispersion state of Graphene and the morphology of the PA6/NBR blend in the presence of Graphene, wide x-ray patterns (WAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Furthermore and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) was used to investigate the thermal properties of PA6/NBR containing 1 wt% Graphene nanoparticles. The results confirmed that at the optimum range of input variables, PA6/NBR/Graphene nanocomposite provided good thermal stability as well as the highest tensile strength, and impact strength. This is caused by the large surface area to volume ratio of the dispersed layered Graphene in PA6/NBR blends. Under optimal conditions of the rotational speed of 1200 rpm, traverse speed of 20 mm/min, shoulder temperature of 125°C, and number pass of 3, the maximum tensile strength and impact strength are 70.4 MPa and 70.3 J/m, respectively.
Hierarchy, Resentment, and Pride: Politics of Identity and Belonging among Mosuo, Yi, and Han in Southwest China
Authors: Sum Chun-Yi , Blumenfield Tami , Shenk Mary K. , Mattison Siobhán M.
Published: June 2021

How do non-Han populations in China navigate the paradoxical expectations to become “proper” Chinese citizens, like the majority Han, while retaining pride in cultural practices and traditions that mark their differences? This article examines how Mosuo (otherwise known as Na) people in Southwest China have constructed the moral legitimacy of their ethnic traditions and identity through redirecting the Orientalizing gaze toward their Yi neighbors, another ethnic minority in the region. This argument, which displaces the analytical focus from the majority Han and the political state in analyses of the maintenance of ethnic boundaries, delineates how prejudice against a third-party ethnic other can serve as an important pathway for establishing cultural citizenship in the People’s Republic of China. The article ends with a discussion of the methodological significance of this lens for understanding interethnic relationships, while recognizing the challenges of examining ethnic prejudice as a site for negotiating identity and citizenship.
Effective virtual inertia control using inverter optimization method in renewable energy generation
Authors: Niu Shuanbao , Qu Linan , Lin Hsiung-Cheng , Fang Wanliang
Published: June 2021

The high-level penetration of intermittent renewable power generation may limit power system inertia, resulting in system frequency instability in increasing power converter-based energy sources. To resolve this problem, virtual inertia control using distributed gray wolf optimization (DGWO) method in a synchronous generator is simulated under a distinct output fluctuation condition. First, the DGWO algorithm was established to achieve a local and global balance solution, and standard test functions were employed to verify the model convergence. Second, the key parameters that determine the effect of the virtual inertia controller in the power grid were analyzed. A DGWO-based optimization strategy to stabilize inertia was also developed. Finally, simulation results using step and random loads under a high permeability level are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. In the step load disturbance, the system can recover from the disturbance point to the stable point after 3 s under the regulation of the proposed control strategy, which is reduced by 18 s compared with the traditional control method. In the random load test, it takes only 12 s, 63 s less than the traditional one. Accordingly, the power system frequency can be stabilized more quickly from a disturbance state to a stable stage.
Extraneural Sclerosing Perineurioma of the Tongue
Authors: Colizza Andrea , Covello Renato , Greco Antonio , Ralli Massimo , Coppola Giulia , Gilardi Antonio , Riminucci Mara , de Vincentiis Marco , Corsi Alessandro
Published: June 2021

Perineurioma (PN) is an uncommon benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. For the rarity of this tumor in the oral cavity, otolaryngologists and oral surgeons might not be familiar with this entity. Perineuriomas are typically benign and complete excision is deemed adequate management. Thus, their histological recognition is mandatory to avoid unnecessary overtreatment. We report the clinicopathologic findings of an uncommon variant, the Extraneural Sclerosing PN, in an unusual and never described site, the tongue.
Infection Testing at Scale: An Examination of Pooled Testing Diagnostics
Authors: Jain Tarun , Jain Bijendra Nath
Published: June 2021

Executive Summary

In pandemics or epidemics, public health authorities need to rapidly test a large number of individuals without adequate testing kits. We propose a testing protocol to accelerate infection diagnostics by combining multiple samples, and in case of positive results, re-test individual samples. The key insight is that a negative result in the first stage implies negative infection for all individuals. Thus, a single test could rule out infection in multiple individuals. Using simulations, we show that this protocol reduces the required number of testing kits, especially when the infection rate is low, alleviating a key bottleneck for public health authorities in times of pandemics and epidemics such as COVID-19. Our proposed protocol is expected to be more effective when the infection rate is low, which suggests that it is better suited for early stage and large-scale, population-wide testing. However, the managerial trade-off is that the protocol has costs in additional time for returning test results and an increased number of false negatives. We discuss applications of pooled testing in understanding population-wide testing to understand infection prevalence, to diagnose infections in high-risk groups of individuals, and to identify disease cold spots.
Book review: Whitney Cox, Politics, Kingship, and Poetry in Medieval South India: Moonset on Sunrise Mountain
Authors: Dutta, Ranjeeta
Published: June 2021

Whitney Cox, Politics, Kingship, and Poetry in Medieval South India: Moonset on Sunrise Mountain, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi (South Asian Edition), 2017, 309 + i–xv pp., ₹470.
Book review: Romila Thapar, Ramin Jahanbegloo and Neeladri Bhattacharya, Talking History: Romila Thapar in Conversation with Ramin Jahanbegloo with the Participation of Neeladri Bhattacharya
Authors: Visvanathan Meera
Published: June 2021

Romila Thapar, Ramin Jahanbegloo and Neeladri Bhattacharya, Talking History: Romila Thapar in Conversation with Ramin Jahanbegloo with the Participation of Neeladri Bhattacharya, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2017, 340 pp., ₹795.
Book review: Santanu Das, India, Empire, and First World War Culture: Writings, Images, and Songs
Authors: Bhattacharya Baidik
Published: June 2021

Santanu Das, India, Empire, and First World War Culture: Writings, Images, and Songs, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, 454 pp., ₹2099. ISBN: 9781107441590 (Paperback).
Early outcomes of patient-prosthesis mismatch following aortic valve replacement
Authors: Aitaliyev Serik , Rumbinaitė Egle , Mėlinytė-Ankudavičė Karolina , Nekrošius Rokas , Keturakis Vytenis , Benetis Rimantas
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) has been associated with numerous short- and long-term adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PPM on early postoperative results after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in daily practice.

Methods:

In this single-centre retrospective study, 150 non-consecutive patients from March 2019 to January 2020 with clinically indicated AVR with/without concomitant surgery were analysed. The study protocol included operative mortality, complication rate, and pre- and postoperative echocardiographic data. PPM was considered severe with indexed effective orifice area at <0.65 cm2/m2, moderate at 0.65–0.85 cm2/m2 and none at >0.85 cm2/m2.

Results:

Moderate PPM was observed in 16 patients (10.6%). No patient had severe PPM. PPM was not related to early mortality ( r = 0.40, p = 0.630), intra- ( r = −0.076, p = 0.352) and postoperative ( r = −0.0134, p = 0.102) events.

Conclusion:

In this study, moderate PPM was a frequent finding after AVR, whereas severe PPM was not observed. PPM did not affect the early results after AVR. A long-term follow-up study in a large patient population is required to assess the actual influence of residual PPM.