bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Gagging Problems in Dentistry: 2. Clinical Assessment and Management
Authors: Dickinson C.M. , Fiske J.
Published: August 2017

A pronounced gag reflex can be a severe limitation to a patient's ability to accept dental care and for a clinician's ability to provide it. It can compromise all aspects of dentistry from diagnostic procedures to active treatment and can be distressing for all concerned. Many ‘management’ techniques have been described. This paper describes the different categories of treatment used to manage people with pronounced gag reflexes.
Management of Inhaled and Swallowed Foreign Bodies
Authors: Ireland A.J.
Published: August 2017

Although accidental inhalation or ingestion episodes are very rare, the consequences can be very serious for the patient, so it is important when the total number of courses of dental treatment performed each year are considered. This article discusses the causes, likely sequelae and management strategies adopted following such incidents.
Relaxation and Complementary Therapies: An Alternative Approach to Managing Dental Anxiety in Clinical Practice
Authors: Hainsworth J.M. , Moss H. , Fairbrother K.J.
Published: August 2017

Dental anxiety is a widespread problem and has a significant impact on the provision of dental care for the general population. Anxiety leads to avoidance of dental treatment and increased stress for dental practitioners. Traditionally, dental anxiety has been managed using pharmacological techniques. This article reviews alternative treatment approaches, including psychological and complementary therapies which can be used in managing dental anxiety and facilitating dental treatment. Many of these approaches are currently being used within the dental profession. Others are gaining a wider acceptance as to their usage. Where available, the evidence of their efficacy will be reviewed.
Bacteria in the Mouth
Authors: Roberts A
Published: August 2017

There are many infectious agents found within the oral cavity. Bacteria form an important group of micro-organisms found in both healthy and diseased mouths. The current article will discuss those bacteria resident within the mouth and review the oral diseases with which they are associated.
Making a Good Impression (A ‘How to’ Paper on Dental Alginate)
Authors: McCullagh Anthony , Sweet Christopher , Ashley Martin
Published: August 2017

Approximately 20, 000 impressions are made with alginate annually at the University Dental Hospital of Manchester alone, and countless more wherever clinical dentistry is practised. A proportion of these are considered unsatisfactory for clinical use. The reason for these ‘failures’ is often poor operator technique, rather than an inherent problem of the material. With improved handling of the material and better clinical technique, failures can be avoided. This paper provides an overview of the use of alginate impression material in clinical dentistry.
An Overview of the Use of Lasers in General Dental Practice: 1. Laser Physics and Tissue Interactions
Authors: Sulieman M
Published: August 2017

High tech dentistry now involves the routine use of lasers in general dental practice for various procedures once thought only possible with the conventional dental drill or scalpel.
The Role of the Dental Team in Preventing and Diagnosing Cancer: 2. Oral Cancer Risk Factors
Authors: Scully Crispian , Newman Laurence , Bagan Jose Vicente
Published: August 2017

Oral cancer is among the ten most common cancers world-wide, and is especially seen in disadvantaged older males. Cancer arises as a consequence of DNA mutations causing multiple molecular genetic events in many chromosomes and genes, leading to cell dysregulation. Tobacco and alcohol use are extremely important in oral mutagenesis. Environmental factors such as infective agents and genetic factors are implicated in a minority of patients.
Trends in Indirect Dentistry: 4. Performance of Adhesive Restorations
Authors: Burke F J Trevor
Published: August 2017

Restorations which may be bonded to tooth substance hold advantages over traditionally-luted restorations, including reduced requirement for resistance and retention form. There is evidence that adhesive techniques are becoming increasingly used, but is their performance as good as more traditional restorations? This paper reviews the success rates of adhesively-luted indirect restorations, concluding that these require less tooth reduction than non-adhesive restorations, although performance in terms of debond/loss of restoration may not always be as good as in traditional techniques.
The Treatment of Deep Dentine Caries Lesions
Authors: Bjorndal Lars , Kidd Edwina AM
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses the excavation of deep caries lesions, focusing on indirect pulp-capping and the stepwise excavation approach. The concept of a modified and less invasive stepwise excavation is presented, based on considerations of caries pathology. The aim of the first excavation is primarily to make a change within the cariogenic environment, and not to remove carious dentine close to the pulp because this risks an iatrogenic pulp exposure. Microbiological and clinical studies have shown that the number of bacteria decrease during stepwise excavation procedures, and that lesions clinically arrest. The active, soft-yellowish, demineralized dentine turns into a darker, harder and drier demineralized dentine, resembling a slowly progressing lesion, where the carious dentine is easier to remove at the final visit. The final excavation has two aims: (i) to verify that arrestation has taken place, ie a clinical control of the tooth reactions and (ii) to remove the slowly progressing but still slightly infected discoloured demineralized dentine, before carrying out the permanent and final restoration.
Book Review
Authors: Hendrickse Nerina
Published: August 2017

The Management of Abuse: A Resource Manual for the Dental Team. By Sonia Sinha, Priti Acharya, Hiba Jafar, Elizabeth Bower, Victoria Harrison and Tim Newton. London: Stephen Hancocks Ltd ( www.shancocksltd.com ) (94pp., £29.95) ISBN 0-9456145-3-4.
Make Sure Your Dental Nurse Reads This!
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

A cleaning protocol for rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. P Parashos, P Linsuwanont and HH Messer. Australian Dental Journal 2004; 49:20-27.
The Statins: Drug Interactions of Significance to the Dental Practitioner
Authors: Stevenson H , Longman LP , Randall C , Field EA
Published: August 2017

This report outlines the potential for concomitant use of dentally prescribed medication to increase the risk of statin-induced myopathy. The associated signs and symptoms of statin-induced myopathy are also highlighted, as well as the need for an accurate and updated drug history for all dental patients.
Overcoming the Unstable Mandibular Complete Denture: The Neutral Zone Impression Technique
Authors: Lynch Christopher D , Allen P Finbarr
Published: August 2017

This article describes a technique for improving the stability of mandibular complete dentures for patients who have a diminished mandibular neutral zone. The technique involves making an impression which is shaped by the patient's oral musculature, and which defines the shape and contour of the patient's neutral zone. A case report is presented in which the use of this technique is described. It is hoped that this article will increase the awareness of dental practitioners to the use of this technique.
Limiting Factors in Orthodontic Treatment: 1. Factors Related to Patient, Operator and Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Shah Anwar A , Sandler Jonathan
Published: August 2017

Owing to a shortage in the orthodontic workforce in the United Kingdom, many general dental practitioners carry out orthodontic treatment in selected cases. Orthodontic treatment may not always be successful as a result of various factors. Some of these limiting factors are related to the practitioner, others to the patient, the orthodontic appliances used and sometimes to the underlying biology. It is essential that practitioners are aware of these limitations. The aim of this two part article is to describe some of the practical aspects that need to be considered.
Aerosols and Splatter in Dentistry – A Neglected Menace?
Authors: Day Christian J , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Anthony J
Published: August 2017

Two main types of particulate matter may be produced during routine dental procedures, namely aerosols and splatter. The principal difference between them is the size of the particles from which they are made. The behaviour of such particles in air and their possible health risks are complex. However, the use of high volume evacuation, pre-procedural mouthrinses and rubber dam are the most effective methods of reducing the unwanted risk of exposure.
Haematological Considerations in Patients with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Review
Authors: Auluck Ajit , Manohar Chetan
Published: August 2017

In patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), the need for prior antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is well known to dentists, but not many dentists are aware of the associated haemorrhagic tendencies in such patients. Haemostatic abnormalities associated with CCHD are an important aspect that is often overlooked by both physicians and dentists. We briefly review the literature to highlight the importance of more elaborate haematological evaluation in patients with CCHD, prior to any oral surgical procedures.
Autism: the Aetiology, Management and Implications for Treatment Modalities from the Dental Perspective
Authors: Chew Leslie C T , King Nigel M , O'Donnell David
Published: August 2017

Autism is defined as a rare and severe psychiatric disorder of childhood. It is marked by severe difficulties in communicating, and forming relationships with other people, in developing language, repetitive and limited patterns of behaviour and obsessive resistance to small changes in familiar surroundings. Hence, affected children offer a special challenge to the practising dentist. To meet this challenge, it is necessary to understand the condition and how to manage its varying presentations in different individuals. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the topic of autism with an emphasis on the dental perspective.
Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Metastasis to the Tongue – A Case Report
Authors: Cochrane TJ , Cheng L , Crean J
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient who presented with a lesion on the left posterior scalp, who was also experiencing more generalized signs of malaise. Biopsy led to the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and additional lesions developed in the tongue. About 1% of all malignancies found in the oral cavity are metastatic.
Case Report: Dental Infection Leading to Orbital Cellulitis
Authors: Grimes David , Fan Kathleen , Huppa Christoph
Published: August 2017

Orbital cellulitis is a rare but serious sequel of infection from a dental origin. Without prompt treatment, further spread of infection is likely to occur, resulting in loss of vision and possibly death. We report a case of orbital cellulitis secondary to infection originating in a recently endodontically-treated upper first molar tooth. The case was successfully treated by intravenous antibiotics.
To Drill or Not to Drill?
Authors: Ashley Paul
Published: August 2017

Performance of four dentine excavation methods in deciduous teeth. P Celiberti, P Francescut, A Lussi. Caries Research 2006; 40:117-123.
Book Review
Authors: Coomaraswamy Kristian S
Published: August 2017

Treatment Planning for the Developing Dentition. By Helen Rodd and Alyson Wray. London:Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, 2006 (150pp, £28 h/b). ISBN 1-85097-081-5.
Book Review
Authors: Sharland Mike
Published: August 2017

Mastering Digital Dental Photography. By Wolfgang Bengal. London: Quintessence, 2006 (394 pp., £120). ISBN 1-85097-152-8.
Management of a Patient with a Failed Transmandibular Implant
Authors: Bousdras Vasileios A , Aghabeigi Ben , Griffiths Brigitte
Published: August 2017

The Transmandibular Implant System (TMI) had been developed in order to provide a patient with a severely resorbed mandible with a stable and retensive implant-supported overdenture. Failure of the transmucosal posts may necessitate removal of the transmandibular implant in total and treatment with an implant-supported prosthesis.

The purpose of this paper is to describe overcoming failure of a transmandibular implant without removal and synchronous placement of endosseous dental implants in the interforaminal region, providing an implant-retained overdenture to the patient.
Book Review
Authors: Saunders WP
Published: August 2017

Practical Clinical Endodontics. P Lumley, N Adams, P Tomson. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. (£39.99 h/b). ISBN 0443074828.
Tooth development: 2. Regenerating Teeth in the Laboratory
Authors: Onyekwelu Obinna , Seppala Maisa , Zoupa Maria , Cobourne Martyn T
Published: August 2017

Tooth loss can occur for a number of reasons and a variety of prosthetic tooth replacement solutions are available to the dental practitioner. This article discusses current approaches in the use of tissue engineering to replace teeth or repair dental tissues. These strategies will depend upon the manipulation of stem cells in the laboratory and, whilst much progress has recently been made, it is likely that successful human tooth regeneration is still some years ahead.
Modern Restorative Management of Patients with Congenitally Missing Teeth: 3. Conventional Restorative Options and Considerations
Authors: Bishop Karl , Addy Liam , Knox Jeremy
Published: August 2017

Restoration of spaces in hypodontia patients needs to take into account many factors including, the number of missing teeth, the distribution of space, the size of the teeth, and the age of the patient. This paper considers adhesive and conventional bridgework, as well as removal alternatives for the restoration of spaces. The various merits of each are discussed, together with treatment planning considerations for such cases.
The Concept of Minimally Invasive Dentistry
Authors: Ericson Dan
Published: August 2017

This paper reviews Minimally Invasive Dentistry (MID) from a day-to-day dentistry perspective, focusing mostly on cariology and restorative dentistry, even though it embraces many aspects of dentistry. The concept of MID supports a systematic respect for the original tissue, including diagnosis, risk assessment, preventive treatment, and minimal tissue removal upon restoration. The motivation for MID emerges from the fact that fillings are not permanent and that the main reasons for failure are secondary caries and filling fracture. To address these flaws, there is a need for economical re-routing so that practices can survive on maintaining dental health and not only by operative procedures.
Forensic Dentistry: 1. Identification of Human Remains
Authors: Pretty Iain A
Published: August 2017

For many forensic dentists the identification of found human remains will comprise the majority of their case work. However, there is rarely a typical dental identification. The resilience of teeth and their supporting tissues to peri- and post-mortem assaults provides a wealth of information for those interested in the identity of the deceased. Chemical attack, burning, burial, submersion, and even severe head and neck trauma are all withstood by the dentition to an extent where identification is possible. The lack of a tentative identification or failure to locate dental or similar ante-mortem records is a more common reason for an odontological investigation to fail.
Do Your Children or Patients Chew Gum?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Oral clearance of NaF from chewing gum and tablets in children and adults. MR Giuca, S Saracino, E Gianotti, A Ceccarini. European Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 2007; 8: 19–24.
Are We Abusing our Alginate Impressions? An Audit
Authors: Patel D , Perryer DG , Walmsley AD
Published: August 2017

Alginate is the commonest material that is used in dentistry for impressions, but are proper clinical handling procedures being followed? This paper describes an audit of alginate impressions undertaken in an undergraduate teaching clinic to check that proper operator technique and clinical handling procedures of alginate material are in place.
Diagnosis and Management of Non-Dental Orofacial Pain
Authors: Zakrzewska Joanna M
Published: August 2017

Careful history-taking improves diagnosis of non-dental orofacial pain, a not uncommon group of conditions. Accurate diagnosis of conditions such as chronic idiopathic facial pain, temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome and trigeminal neuralgia is essential if inappropriate dental treatment is to be avoided. There are few investigations to help in the diagnostic process and many of these patients have other forms of chronic pain. All the conditions are best treated using a holistic approach. Drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants, are often effective and surgery can be highly successfully in trigeminal neuralgia. Patient education is paramount.
Crown and Bridge Disassembly – When, Why and How
Authors: Addy LD , Bartley A , Hayes SJ
Published: August 2017

Crown and bridgework has a finite life span and fails for a number of reasons. Removal is often by destructive means. There are a number of clinical circumstances, however, in which a conservative disassembly would aid the practitioner in completing restorative/endodontic procedures. The aims of this paper are to provide a classification for crown and bridge removal systems; describe how a number of such systems work; and when and why they might be considered.
Current Indications and Methods of Periodontal Splinting
Authors: Mosedale Roger F
Published: August 2017

The paper discusses the reasons for using periodontal splints, together with advantages and disadvantages of their use. Different splinting techniques and criteria for selecting the most appropriate method are described. The need for care in planning treatment is emphasized. It is essential that, if the degree of attachment loss is such that splinting is likely to be needed, this is taken into account in the treatment planning at an early stage.
Periodontics: 1. Identification and Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases in General Dental Practice
Authors: Ziada Hassan , Irwin Chris , Mullally Brian , Allen Edith , Byrne Patrick J
Published: August 2017

The diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases requires a detailed examination of the signs and symptoms associated with periodontal disease. This requires a screening procedure, the BPE being sufficient in the majority of cases. Detailed examination is, however, required in more advanced or severe cases. The general dental practitioner should follow a systematic and organized examination to identify and differentiate between individuals with gingivitis, and those with mild, moderate and more advanced forms of periodontitis. Treatment planning, including the decision to refer to a consultant/specialist when appropriate, requires a clear understanding and satisfactory interpretation of the information gathered from the examination. This reduces the risk of over or under treatment, helps in evaluating the individual's response to therapy and reduces the risk of litigation.
Orthodontic Appliances for Reduction and Fixation of a Mandibular Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Sandler Jonathan , Lindsay Suzanne , Murray Alison
Published: August 2017

A fractured mandible was treated using orthodontic brackets and wires and intra-oral elastics. The occlusion was corrected and the fracture was efficiently and effectively fixed and the need for a general anaesthetic avoided.
The Use of Acupuncture in Dentistry
Authors: Thayer MLT
Published: August 2017

Acupuncture is an ancient technique that has regained popularity in the UK over the last 20 years or so. This paper gives an overview in the concepts of acupuncture, both traditional and western, and indicates some of the appropriate uses for the technique in dental practice.
Periodontics: 3. Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in General Dental Practice
Authors: Mullally Brian , Irwin Chris , Ziada Hassan , Allen Edith , Byrne Patrick J
Published: August 2017

Non-surgical periodontal therapy is an integral part of periodontal treatment and has been defined as plaque removal, plaque control, supra- and subgingival scaling, root surface debridement, and the adjunctive use of chemical agents.
Optical Diagnostic Techniques in the Head and Neck
Authors: Upile Tahwinder , Jerjes Waseem , Betz Christian S , El Maaytah Mohammed , Wright Anthony , Hopper Colin
Published: August 2017

The aim of this review article is to compare findings from recent prospective studies on microendoscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) and elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) with histopathology on formalin-fixed surgical specimens, to assess if those techniques can be used as an adjunct or alternative to histopathology in defining tissue involvement.
Referrals of Patients with Tooth Substance Loss
Authors: Burke FJ Trevor
Published: August 2017

Tooth substance loss (TSL) and related problems appears to be increasing in incidence. Patients may request treatment for a variety or reasons, such as poor aesthetics of chipped and worn teeth, sensitivity and reduced masticatory function. The patient's dentist may suggest treatment because (s)he feels that the TSL is progressing and the dentition requires protection by the placement of restorations. This paper discusses the role of the general dental practitioner in the referral of patients with TSL, the importance of an examination and history taking for these patients, and a classification of TSL related to possible treatment.
Book Review
Authors: Milward Mike
Published: August 2017

Concise Encyclopaedia of Periodontology. By David CVandersall. Ames: Blackwell, 2007 (232pp. p/b, £39.99). ISBN 978-0-8138-2602-8.
A Retrospective Study to Assess Patient Satisfaction with Implant-Stabilized Prostheses
Authors: Dewan Karun , Hems Edward , Owens James
Published: August 2017

This study measured the levels of patient satisfaction in those who received treatment with implant-retained overdentures, and compared their status before and after therapy. Satisfaction questionnaires were mailed to patients who had previously worn a removable prosthesis. Questions addressed eating, aesthetics and comfort before and after the treatment.

Eighty-six (79.8%) subjects had problems regarding looseness of their denture prior to treatment. Patients were generally satisfied with their implant-retained overdentures in terms of function, comfort, appearance and speech. The results suggest that unstable, problematic complete dentures can be managed by providing patients with implant-retained overdentures.
How often do You Polish Fillings?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Effects of sonic and ultrasonic scaling on the surface roughness of tooth-coloured restorative materials for cervical lesions. YL Lai, YCLin, CS Chang, SY Lee. Operative Dentistry 2007; 32:273-278
Locally Delivered Antimicrobials in the Management of Periodontitis: A Critical Review of the Evidence for their Use in Practice
Authors: Hussein Iyad , Ranka Meena , Gilbert Angela , Davey Kevin
Published: August 2017

Plaque bacteria are the primary initiators of periodontal disease in susceptible persons and therapy is largely based on mechanical bacterial biofilm disruption. Patients' response to periodontal treatment is unpredictable and periodontal stability is not always achieved. Locally delivered antimicrobials (LDAs) may be used as adjuncts to mechanical therapy in treatment of recalcitrant deep (> 5mm), active, non-responding sites, providing the patient's oral hygiene is adequate. Their use as a monotherapy cannot be justified. The literature reveals that LDAs are safe and that they achieve statistically significant, yet clinically modest, gains in clinical attachment and reductions in pocket depths.
Book Review
Authors: Mizrahi Basil
Published: August 2017

Applications of Orthodontic Mini Implants. By Jong Suk Lee, Jung Kook Kim, Young-Chel Park and Robert L Vanarsdall, Jr. New Maiden: Quintessence Books, 2007 (286pp., £89). ISBN 978-0-86715-465-8.
The Eating Disorders: 1. Current Scientific Understanding and Dental Implications
Authors: Ashcroft Angela , Milosevic Alexander
Published: August 2017

The eating disorders are a group of related but distinct disturbances in eating behaviour with wide-ranging effects. This first part describes the epidemiology, aetiology, general clinical features and specific dental sequelae associated with the eating disorders. Part 2 discusses psychological aspects of management as well as dental treatment.
Lingual Mucosal Ulceration with Mandibular Sequestration
Authors: Jackson Iain , Maiden Nick
Published: August 2017

Lingual mucosal ulceration with mandibular sequestration is a condition that presents most commonly in the lower molar region and may be influenced by a variety of local and systemic factors. Three such cases are reported, two involving a history of recent dental extraction and one of seemingly spontaneous onset with the possibility of an underlying association with bisphosphonate therapy. An overview of the surgical and non-surgical management strategies for such cases is described.
The Surgical Management of the Oral Soft Tissues: 2. Surgical Technique
Authors: Jephcott Anna
Published: August 2017

Adopting the correct surgical technique in minor oral surgery not only ensures that the end result of tooth removal is achieved, but that the patient is not put under any unnecessary harm during the procedure. This paper will cover the surgical techniques and skills required to perform the most commonly required mucoperiosteal flaps in general practice.
Forensic Dentistry: 2. Bitemarks and Bite Injuries
Authors: Pretty Iain A
Published: August 2017

While the practice of human identification is well established, validated and proven to be accurate, the practice of bitemark analysis is less well accepted. The principle of identifying an injury as a bitemark is complex and, depending on severity and anatomical location, highly subjective. Following the identification of an injury as a bitemark, the comparison of the pattern produced to a suspect's dentition is even more contentious and an area of great debate within contemporary odontological practice. Advanced techniques using digital overlays have been suggested, yet studies have shown that these can be inaccurate and there is no agreement as to the preferred method of comparison. However, the advent of DNA and its recovery from bitemarks has offered an objective method of bitemark analysis. Despite the strengths of DNA, the physical comparison of a suspect's dentition to bitemark injuries is still commonplace. The issues within bitemark analysis are discussed and illustrated with case examples.
An Overview of the Dens Invaginatus with Case Examples
Authors: Vaidyanathan M , Whatling R , Fearne JM
Published: August 2017

Dens invaginatus is an uncommon dental anomaly in which there is a deepening of the cingulum with infolding of the enamel and dentine. The severity varies, from mild extension into the pulp cavity, to extreme forms in which the invagination extends through the root, resulting in a second opening at or near the apex, and complex morphology. The following cases report on the different management approaches to dens invaginatus and illustrate the difficulties encountered in managing such cases.
Diagnosis of Osteochondroma of the Mandibular Condyle in Atypical Facial Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Nasr Inas H , Aghabeigi Ben
Published: August 2017

Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle is an uncommon condition which could clinically present with chronic pain symptoms. This report describes a case of chronic facial pain in a patient with this condition which was confirmed radiologically.
Synchronous Occurrence of Ossifying Fibroma of the Mandible and Maxilla: A Case Report
Authors: Chindia ML , Dimba EAO , Moshy J , Limo A , Otwoma JG , Guthua SW
Published: August 2017

Although ossifying fibroma (OF) is a slow growing neoplasm, some lesions may behave aggressively, reaching massive proportions that may demand special treatment. Synchronous presentation of this lesion in the maxilla and mandible is a rare occurrence. A case is presented of a 27-year-old woman who manifested synchronous OF lesions in the left maxilla and right mandible. The clinico-radiologic and histopathologic modalities of diagnosing OF are evaluated and discussed.
CAD/CAM Restorations and Secondary Caries: A Literature Review with Illustrations
Authors: Mjör Ivar A , Davis Mark E , Abu-Hanna Amer
Published: August 2017

The literature related to failures of CAD/CAM restorations, with emphasis on secondary caries, is presented. A good approximal fit of the restoration is important to prevent plaque accumulation that may lead to secondary caries. CAD/CAM restorations allow inspection of the approximal fit prior to cementation and it may explain the relatively few failures due to secondary caries. The longevity of these restorations approaches that of gold restorations.
Tumoral Calcinosis with Dental Manifestations - A Case Report
Authors: Naikmasur Venkatesh , Guttal Kruthika , Burde Krishna , Sattur Atul , Nandimath Kirty
Published: August 2017

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare entity causing abnormal periarticular calcifications in the affected joint observed in the first two decades of life. It is also known to affect the teeth. Few case reports on TC talk about the dental findings. This article presents the clinical, radiological and histological appearance of dental abnormalities in a 23-year-old female with TC. The differential diagnosis and dental management are discussed.
Facial Aesthetics: 2. Clinical Assessment
Authors: Naini Farhad B , Gill Daljit S
Published: August 2017

The clinical ability to alter dentofacial form requires an understanding of facial aesthetics. This is vital for any clinician involved in treatment that will alter a patient's dentofacial appearance, whether through orthodontics, facial growth modification, corrective jaw surgery or aesthetic dentistry. Part 1 of this article covered the historical and theoretical aspects of facial aesthetics and their importance in contemporary dentofacial treatment. Part 2 covers important aspects of the interview and clinical assessment of patients requiring alterations in their dentofacial appearance, including guidelines used in the assessment of facial proportions and symmetry.
Recent Recommendations on Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Arrain Yazdana , Masud Tahir
Published: August 2017

There is increasing awareness of the importance of osteonecrosis of the jaw developing in patients taking bisphosphonates. A recent working party of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research has developed recommendations on the prevention and treatment of this condition which dentists will find useful.
Inequalities in Health and Oral Health in the UK
Authors: Godson Jenny H , Williams Sonia A
Published: August 2017

New legislation is increasingly recognizing that addressing diversity is a crucial issue, in order that the health and social service needs of the whole population can be better met by equitable access, experience, and outcome. This paper aims to: describe the evolution of the UK inequalities agenda together with some of the governmental responses; consider aspects of oral and general health in this context; and reflect on the implications for general dental practice.
Connective Tissue Disorders and the Mouth
Authors: Porter Stephen , Scully Crispian
Published: August 2017

The connective tissue disorders frequently give rise to orofacial manifestations, especially dry mouth because of Sjögren's syndrome. In addition, the systemic complications of such diseases may impact upon the provision of oral health care. The present article reviews the consequences of connective tissue disorders of relevance to oral health care providers.
Book Review
Authors: Kidd Edwina
Published: August 2017

Minimally Invasive Dentistry: The Management of Caries. Editor: Nairn Wilson. London: Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, 2007 (168pp., £55 h/b). ISBN 978-1-85097105-4.
Severe Necrotizing Fasciitis Complicating Odontogenic Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Heath Neil , Macleod Iain , Chippindale Andrew , Greenwood Mark , Ripley Colin
Published: August 2017

We report a case of cervical necrotizing fasciitis complicating dental infection in a 36-year-old man, who presented with infection involving mucosa of the right maxilla, mandible, parapharyngeal and masticator spaces, requiring extensive surgery and antibiotic therapy. The initial presentation, radiological appearance and clinical course are discussed.
Book Review
Authors: McCord Fraser
Published: August 2017

Review of Prosthetic Rehabilitation by Giulio Preti. London: Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd, 2007 (240pp., £91.00 h/b). ISBN: 978-1-85097-032-3.
An Update on Digital Photography for the General Dental Practitioner
Authors: Sharland Mike R
Published: August 2017

Digital photography technology has moved on dramatically in recent years, with photography in general becoming an even greater part of the social scene. The popularity of camera mobile phones and compact cameras have been major factors in the resurgence in the popularity of general photography. So, how has this revival and technological advancement affected dental photography? Understanding the equipment, and how to use it successfully, is still important, but many of the advancements have made life very much easier for the dental practitioner wanting to embrace this visual medium.
Secondary Syphilis Presenting as Atypical Oral Ulceration – A Case Report
Authors: Hayes Mairéad , White David , Richards Andrea
Published: August 2017

Syphilis is now regarded by many as being of historical interest only in the aetiology of oral ulceration. Its manifestations are still often classified as the classical chancre, snail track ulcers and gumma. Recent literature suggests, however, that there has been a re-emergence of syphilitic ulcers and that these need not fall into the traditional categories. Atypical ulceration with no other apparent cause should prompt investigations for possible underlying infective causes, such as syphilis, because of the increased incidence of the disease.
Is there a Role for Antibiotics in Periodontal Treatment?
Authors: Pantlin Lesley
Published: August 2017

Plaque-induced inflammatory periodontal disease affects a significant number of the population, and raises the question as to why antibiotics are not universally used to treat a disease in which bacteria are the main aetiological agent. This article describes the reasons why antibiotics may not be effective in treating periodontitis, and why their use is not more widespread. However, antibiotics have been shown to be helpful in periodontal treatment in some cases, and evidence for this is presented and suggestions where their use may be indicated are made.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Dental Practice
Authors: Macleod Iain , Heath Neil
Published: August 2017

Cone-beam CT is an exciting development in dental and maxillofacial imaging. This article gives an overview of the subject and discusses some of the implications for dental practitioners.
Book Review
Authors: Roberts Anthony
Published: August 2017

Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry 5th edition. J Lindhe, NP Lang, T Karring (eds). UK: Wiley-Blackwell, Munksgaard, 2008 (1340 pp., £145.00). ISBN: 978-1-40516-099-5.
Fracture of a Dental Needle during Administration of an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
Authors: Shah Ashish , Mehta Neeta , Von Arx Derek P
Published: August 2017

We report a case of a 42-year-old female who was referred to our department for the management of a fractured dental needle following administration of an inferior alveolar nerve block. The fractured needle was successfully removed under general anaesthesia. We also suggest some guidelines for preventing this unfortunate event.
Common Things are Common: A Case Series of Oral Foreign Bodies in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Gale Sarah , Hall Emily , Bhujel Nabina , McKaig Sarah
Published: August 2017

Reports of foreign bodies in the oral cavity are few in number. Three cases of children of varying ages, presenting with oral foreign bodies, and their subsequent diagnosis and management, are described. The importance of considering foreign bodies, as part of a differential diagnosis in paediatric patients, where aetiology is uncertain and clinical appearance is unusual, is highlighted.
Adherence in Dental Settings
Authors: Asimakopoulou Koula , Daly Blánaid
Published: August 2017

Adherence is of central importance to promoting positive oral health behaviours. Understanding the processes involved in behaviour change and how change may be sustained is essential to support patients to change their behaviour successfully. We review the concept of adherence, the oral health behaviours of interest to the dental team and how change around these behaviours is currently managed. Theoretical models of behaviour change are reviewed and their possible implications for every day practice described.
Current Strategies and Applications of Tissue Engineering in Dentistry – A Review Part 2
Authors: Malhotra Neeraj , Kundabala M , Acharya Shashirashmi
Published: August 2017

The three main key elements used in tissue engineering are the stem cells, morphogens and the scaffolds that, under a conductive external influence (environment) combine in the engineering of tissues. Part 1 of this two-part review article described in detail the various stem cells, morphogens and scaffolds that can be used in tissue engineering. This second article describes the various ways in which these three key elements can be used to engineer biological tissues. A number of strategies and technologies (Figure 1) such as, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, guided tissue regeneration, self-assembling systems, etc have been proposed.
Treatment of Traumatically Intruded Permanent Incisor Teeth: Case Report
Authors: Sian Jasbir S
Published: August 2017

A case is presented of the management of traumatically intruded upper left central and lateral incisors. The intrusion of teeth involves damage to the gingival tissues, periodontal ligament, cementum, bone and the neurovascular supply to the pulp. There is a lack of evidence base concerning the ideal method of treatment of traumatically intruded permanent teeth in children. In this case, fixed orthodontic treatment was carried out, bringing the teeth into the correct occlusion, followed by endodontic treatment.
Mandibular Implant-Retained Complete Overdenture using Retentive Abutments: A Case Report
Authors: Saha Shuva , Ray-Chaudhuri Arijit
Published: August 2017

An implant-retained complete lower denture is considered by many as the gold standard in the oral rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible. Its relative simplicity, minimal invasiveness, predictability, efficacy and affordability make it an attractive treatment option. The commonly used methods for anchoring overdentures to implants utilize bars, studs and magnets. There is little evidence, however, to suggest that any one method is significantly superior to another.

This paper reviews treatment options available to restore the edentulous mandible and also reports on a patient treated using the Locator® system, which is a relatively new type of stud attachment. This case report describes a chairside technique using the Locator® system to retain a complete lower denture.
Potential Interactions with Herbal Medications and Midazolam
Authors: Tweddell Paul , Boyle Carole
Published: August 2017

In the management of patients who require intravenous sedation with midazolam care must be taken if the patient is taking herbal drugs. There is a potential for harmful drug interactions between herbal drugs and midazolam. Assessment of which herbal drugs a patient is taking should be part of the treatment planning stage so interactions can be avoided or anticipated.
Medical Emergencies in Dental Practice: 1. The Drug Box, Equipment and General Approach
Authors: Greenwood Mark
Published: August 2017

Every dental practitioner needs a knowledge of the diagnosis and management of medical emergencies. This first paper, in a series of two, deals with the general aspects of emergency treatment, including basic principles applicable to all emergencies and a consideration of the management of cardiac arrest. The second paper deals with more specific aspects of medical emergency management.
Precision Attachments for the 21st Century
Authors: Preiskel Harold W , Preiskel Alon
Published: August 2017

This paper outlines the evolution of precision attachment applications from partial denture retention to the implant-retained overdenture.
Nasal Obstruction as the First Symptom in a Patient with a Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumour (CEOT)
Authors: Bousdras VA , Bousdras KA , Newman L
Published: August 2017

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT), also known as Pindborg tumour, is a rare, benign odontogenic neoplasm. A case of an intra-osseous CEOT in the maxilla is presented in which unilateral nasal obstruction and progressive difficulty in breathing were the first clinical symptoms. Dental practitioners might be the first clinicians to come across such tumours, during investigation of missing or non-erupted maxillary teeth, ie canines, and they should be alerted by any unilateral nasal obstruction symptoms. Diagnostic features and treatment options of the tumour are discussed in relation to its histological typing.
Inverted Impaction of a Mandibular Premolar Associated with a Dentigerous Cyst: Report of a Case
Authors: Bhatia Shannu Kohli , Collard Mechelle , Divcic Danijela , Hunter Lindsay
Published: August 2017

Inverted impaction of mandibular premolars is reported to be rare; its prevalence has not been quantified. Here we report a case in which a 12-year-old female presented with an inverted impacted manibular premolar associated with a dentigerous cyst. The likely aetiology and management of this condition is discussed.
The Current Status of Materials for Posterior Composite Restorations: The Advent of Low Shrink
Authors: Burke FJ Trevor , Palin WM , James A , Mackenzie L , Sands P
Published: August 2017

Polymerization contraction, and the stresses associated with this, have presented problems with resin composite materials, particularly when used to restore cavities in posterior teeth. This paper summarizes the problems associated with polymerization contraction and examines methods used to overcome this, in particular, by the use of materials which have reduced percentage contraction when compared with traditional materials.
How Well does Your Practice Really Practise Prevention?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Caries risk reduction in patients attending a caries management clinic. Sbaraini A and Evans RW. Austr Dent J 2008; 53: 340–348.
Drug Interactions in Dentistry
Authors: Seymour Robin A
Published: August 2017

An increasing number of our patients are on medication of various types. This increase in prescribed medicines also raises the significant issue of potential drug interactions between those drugs used in dental practice and those taken by the patient. This article addresses those interactions and, where appropriate, puts them into perspective and attempts to quantify the risk. Mechanisms of relevant drug interactions are also discussed. Certain categories of drugs are more likely to be involved in interactions and again these are highlighted. Drug interactions relevant to dentistry can for the most part be prevented. A careful drug history should be taken from each patient and updated on a regular basis.
Darzi and Dentistry: The Emerging Quality Agenda for GDPs in England
Authors: Jones Clare , Joughin Amy , Tickle Martin
Published: August 2017

This article aims to give dental practitioners the background to the new NHS quality agenda. The clinical context of Lord Darzi's NHS review is examined alongside other policy documentation and Professor Jimmy Steele's independent review of NHS dental services. The potential impact of the new quality requirements on general dental practitioners is considered. Finally, opportunities for development are suggested so that practitioners can engage with the quality agenda and can demonstrate quality measures and improvements.
Consequences of Tooth Loss: 2. Dentist Considerations – Restorative Problems and Implications
Authors: Craddock Helen L
Published: August 2017

Partial tooth loss is much less well tolerated by patients than was previously the case and, on occasions, when extraction is inevitable, they may seek prosthetic replacement. This paper explores some of the consequences of tooth loss that may cause difficulties in tooth replacement, particularly if replacement is delayed for some time.
Would You Drink The Water From Your Dental Unit?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Water quality in water lines of dental units in the Public Dental Health Service in Göteburg, Sweden. Dahlén G, Alenäs-Jarl E & Hjort G. Swedish Dent J 2009; 33: 161–172.
Cross Cultural Adaptation of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Measures
Authors: Alghadeer Abdulraof , Newton Tim , Dunne Stephen
Published: August 2017

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL) is the shift in the perception of health from merely the absence of disease and infirmity to complete physical, mental and social well-being. The impact of health on the quality of life has received more attention in recent years in both general and oral health. OHRQOL assessments are used in oral health research, surveys and studies evaluating the outcome of oral care.
Strategies to Overcome Polymerization Shrinkage − Materials and Techniques. A Review
Authors: Malhotra Neeraj , M Kundabala , Acharya Shashirashmi
Published: August 2017

Stress generation at tissue/resin composite interfaces is one of the important reasons for failure of resin-based composite (RBC) restorations owing to the inherent property of polymerization shrinkage. Unrelieved stresses can weaken the bond between the tooth structure and the restoration, eventually producing a gap at the restoration margins. This can lead to postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, fracture of the restorations, marginal deterioration and discoloration. As polymerization shrinkage cannot be eliminated completely, various techniques and protocols have been suggested in the manipulation of, and restorative procedures for, RBCs to minimize the shrinkage and associated stresses. Introduction of various newer monomer systems (siloranes) may also overcome this problem of shrinkage stress. This review emphasizes the various material science advances and techniques advocated that are currently available or under trial/testing phase to deal with polymerization shrinkage in a clinical environment.
Immediate Dentures: 2. Clinical Stages of Construction
Authors: George Geoffrey St , Lewis Nicholas J , Malton Cameron , Welfare Richard
Published: August 2017

Immediate dentures remain an important tool for providing patients with an instant replacement option for extracted teeth. The second paper in this series of two aims to cover the clinical and laboratory stages of immediate denture construction. It looks at the clinical techniques that can be used to facilitate the accurate construction of immediate dentures, as well as some of the problems that can compromise their final outcome.
Is Coronal Restoration More Important than Root Filling for Ultimate Endodontic Success?
Authors: Williams John V , Williams Lucy R
Published: August 2017

The importance of a good coronal seal and restoration of the endodontically treated tooth has been hotly debated over recent years. This article reviews the evidence in the literature that exists to demonstrate which techniques can be used for optimal results, and whether the root filling or coronal seal is more relevant.