bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Imaging: 2D Resistivity Tomography as a tool for Groundwater Studies at Mahmudia Village, West Sulaimani City, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Aziz Bakhtiar
Published: July 2017

Electrical Imaging (EI) is a geophysical method, developed over the past several years that provide a two or

three dimensional resistivity model of the subsurface. EI can be very effective in providing information on

the distribution of aquifers, aquitard, impermeable rocks, soil-bedrock interface topography, fracture zone,

fault and voids. This technique is used for the first time in Iraq in Mahmudia village, west of Sulaimani City.

Five traverses were taken; more than 4000 readings r.l'ere recorded using Wenner configuration with roll

along technique. The data inversion u,as carried out by RES2DINV program using both finite difference and

finite element mathematical methods. Two aquifers of different geological properties have been detected; one

of them within the recent sediments while the other within the limestone beds of Sinjar Formation, These

aquifers can be regarded as an excellent water resource fol providing sufficient groundwater to the area for

domestic and agricultural purposes.
AS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE PEDAGOGAS SOBRE INDISCIPLINA NA ADOLESCÊNCIA NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Batista Antonio Alves , Raimundo Solange Franci
Published: July 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as representações sociais de pedagogas sobre a indisciplina na adolescência. Como referencial teórico-metodológico, utilizou-se a Teoria das Representações Sociais, a qual busca investigar como se formam e como funcionam os sistemas de referência utilizados para classificar pessoas e grupos e para interpretar os acontecimentos do cotidiano. Participaram desta pesquisa dez pedagogas de uma cidade do noroeste do Estado de Paraná. A pesquisa é de natureza qualiquantitativa; para a coleta dos dados, utilizaram-se os seguintes instrumentos: a) Questionário Sociodemográfico e b) Roteiro de Entrevista Semiestruturada. Para a análise dos dados, elaboraram-se categorias de análise. Os resultados revelam que as representações sociais das pedagogas sobre indisciplina na adolescência acabam se aproximando de uma concepção que naturaliza o comportamento do indivíduo, uma vez que a própria visão sobre o que viria a ser o “adolescente” apresenta indícios de não haver uma base histórica e teórica sólida para esse conceito. Chegou-se à conclusão que as representações sociais de pedagogas sobre indisciplina na adolescência está centrada em uma visão superficial sobre o que seria o ser “adolescente” e principalmente sobre qual é, de fato, o contexto gerador da indisciplina, o que fez com que as pedagogas acabassem naturalizando, em alguns momentos, e inconscientemente, as ações dos adolescentes em seus contextos escolares.
Desigualdad Política y Desigualdad Económica: Entrevista a Adam Przeworski
Authors: Salazar Elena Rodrigo
Published: July 2017

El 28 de octubre de 2015, con motivo del 40 aniversario de FLACSO - México, Adam Przeworski impartió una conferencia magistral en la que expuso el documento de trabajo Economic inequality, Political Inequality, and Redistribution. En este contexto se dio la oportunidad para que le hiciera una breve entrevista, cuya transcripción se presenta aquí.
Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Ostałowska Alina , Skowron Marta , Birkner Ewa , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Święchowicz Sławomir , Koczy Bogdan , Nowak Dariusz
Published: July 2017

Wstęp

Choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawów kolanowych (gonartroza – GA) należy do najczęstszych schorzeń narządu ruchu, a ból i ograniczenie ruchomości kolana są najdotkliwiej odbieranymi przez pacjentów objawami zmian zwyrodnieniowych. Celem pracy było sprawdzenie, czy podanie dostawowe preparatu kwasu hialuronowego wpływa na funkcje stawu kolanowego, wybrane parametry układu antyoksydacyjnego i natężenie stresu oksydacyjnego we krwi u pacjentów z gonartrozą.

Materiał i metody

Grupa badana 1K obejmowała 96 pacjentów z chorobą zwyrodnieniową stawu kolanowego, którym podano kwas hialuronowy do jednego stawu kolanowego, natomiast do grupy badanej 2K włączono 33 pacjentów, którym podano kwas hialuronowy do obu stawów kolanowych. Badanie prowadzono przez 40 tygodni według ustalonego protokołu. Oznaczono całkowity status oksydacyjny (TOS) osocza, zawartość grup sulfhydrylowych (SH) w surowicy, aktywność katalazy (CAT) w erytrocytach, aktywność dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (SOD) w osoczu i erytrocytach, aktywność peroksydazy glutationowej (GPx) w erytrocytach.

Wyniki

Po leczeniu wiskosuplementacyjnym odnotowano zmniejszenie nasilenia bólu oraz poprawę w badanych ska-lach VAS i HHS, przy czym nieco większą poprawę stwierdzono w przypadku zajęcia jednego kolana. Po leczeniu dostawowym kwasem hialuronowym stwierdzono znamienny spadek aktywności SOD oraz CAT a wzrost aktywności GPx, wzrost stężenia grup SH w obu grupach oraz spadek stężenia TOS.

Wnioski

Wiskosuplementacja w chorobie zwyrodnieniowej stawu kolanowego istotnie redukuje ból kolana i poprawia jego funkcje oraz wywołuje korzystne zmiany w układzie antyoksydacyjnym krwi. Efekt leczenia jest porównywalny zarówno w przypadku podawania preparatu kwasu hialuronowego do jednego, jaki i do obu stawów kolanowych.
Skin irritation incidence following kinesiology tape use in patients with neurological disorders: multicenter observation.
Authors: de Ru Esther , Mikołajewska Emilia
Published: July 2017

Wstęp

Kinesiotaping może być wykorzystywany jako samodzielna lub uzupełniająca metoda rehabilitacyjna. Jest przydatny w wielu urazach, zaburzeniach i schorzeniach.
Celem badania jest zarejestrowanie częstości występowania alergii kontaktowych lub innych niekorzystnych zmian skórnych w grupie pacjentów z deficytem neurologicznym poddawanych terapii tą metodą.

Materiał i metody

Do badania włączono 160 pacjentów z czterech krajów (Polska, Hiszpania, Wielka Brytania i Holandia), kobiet i mężczyzn, poddanych terapii z wykorzystaniem kinesiotapingu. Drugi autor (Polska) samodzielnie badał reakcje skórne podczas każdej nowej aplikacji, natomiast w pozostałych trzech krajach (Hiszpania, Wielka Brytania, Holandia) terapeuci zaczynali oklejanie, a rodzice/opiekunowie relacjonowali pierwszemu autorowi jego efekty za pomocą kwestionariusza internetowego.

Wyniki

Częstość występowania reakcji skórnych wyniosła 9,38%.

Wnioski

Pomimo faktu, że wykorzystanie plastrów do kinesiotapingu jest uważane za efektywną, bezpieczną i przyjazną dla pacjenta formę terapii, ciągle istnieje potrzeba uważnej aplikacji plastra. Nabiera to szczególnego znaczenia u pacjentów neurologicznych, z możliwymi deficytami czucia, i/lub pacjentów z zaburzeniami przytomności. Zwiększona świadomość dotycząca możliwości wystąpienia reakcji alergicznych (alergii kontaktowej) powinna podwyższyć bezpieczeństwo omawianej metody.
Periodontitis Prevalence and Severity in Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Norwegian Circumpolar Communities
Authors: Holde Gro Eirin , Oscarson Nils , Trovik Tordis A. , Tillberg Anders , Jönsson Birgitta
Published: July 2017

Background:The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence, severity, and extent of periodontitis in the adult population of circumpolar communities in Norway using data from the Tromstannen–Oral Health in Northern Norway study.

Methods:In this cross‐sectional survey, data were collected from a randomized population sample (aged 20 to 79 years) in Northern Norway. Periodontal conditions were assessed for 1,911 dentate adults with a full‐mouth periodontal examination. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing were measured at six sites per tooth. Radiographic bone loss (BL) was examined using orthopantomograms.

Results:According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology case definitions, 49.5% of participants had periodontitis, and 9.1% had severe periodontitis. Periodontitis prevalence and severity increased with age. Extent of BL and PD ≥4 mm also increased with age, but more rapidly and to a greater extent for BL. Prevalence of periodontitis was higher among men and varied between urban and rural areas. Periodontitis prevalence was positively associated with smoking, lower levels of education, and income.

Conclusions:This study reveals a high burden of periodontitis among adults living in circumpolar communities in Norway. The results showed sociodemographic disparities regarding periodontitis and highlights the importance of further investigation of factors influencing periodontal health.
Proteinska lepila na osnovi soje, krvi in kazeina nekoč in danes
Authors: Vnučec Doroteja , Šernek Milan , Kutnar Andreja , Goršek Andreja
Published: July 2017

This paper reviews the development of protein adhesives, specifically soy, blood, and casein adhesives. It addresses the formulations and bonding technologies of these protein adhesives from 1930 to 1960, and current commercial formulations. Between the 1930s and 1960s the consumption and technological refinements of protein adhesives were at their peak. Addressing current formulations and bonding technologies, the emphasis is on the soy adhesives, since they are used in industry of decorative plywood, particleboard, fibreboard, and engineered wood flooring. Today, casein is used only in adhesives for fire-resistant wood doors, while animal blood is no longer utilised in adhesives. Although the formulations from 1930 to 1960 do not meet current standards and are no longer used today, all described technologies are still usable and may be reintroduced if the world's crude oil resources are dried up.
Breath-Figures Self-Assembly, the Versatile Method of Manufacturing Membranes and Porous Structures: Physical, Chemical and Technological Aspects
Authors: Bormashenko Edward
Published: July 2017

The review is devoted to the physical, chemical and technological aspects of the breath-figures self-assembly process. Main stages of the process and the impact of the polymer architecture and physical parameters of the breath-figures self-assembly on the eventual pattern are covered. The review is focused on the hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales inherent for the breath-figures self-assembly. Multi-scale patterns arising from the process are addressed. The characteristic spatial lateral scales of patterns vary from nanometers to dozens of micrometers. The temporal scales of the process span from micro-seconds to seconds. The qualitative analysis performed in the paper demonstrates that the process is mainly governed by the interfacial phenomena, whereas the impact of inertia and gravity is negligible. Characterization and applications of polymer films manufactured with breath-figures self-assembly are discussed.
In Silico Screening and Analysis of Potential Inhibitors of Arylamine N-Acetyltransferases (NATs) from the Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Study Using Free Available Tools
Authors: Azevedo Francisco , Richardt Joveline , Oliveira Mayrla , Araujo Inês , Oliveira Ricardo , Baptista Luis , Amorim Hermes
Published: July 2017

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are cytosolic enzymes, highly polymorphic, present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These enzymes play an important role in the detoxification and activation of xenobiotics as well as in the synthesis of endogenous compounds. Specific NATs have been pointed out in the literature as possible therapeutic targets. In particular, the human NAT1, for the treatment of certain cancers, and the NAT from M. tuberculosis (TBNAT), for the treatment of tuberculosis. This paper describes an in silico approach to prospect and select potentially inhibitors of NAT1 and TBNAT from the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) using free available tools. A library with ligands from TCM was previously screened in order to select only compounds with optimal pharmacological properties. The affinity of the selected ligands with respect to NAT enzymes was then evaluated by virtual screening (VS). Subsequently, the complexes with the best ligands were submitted to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations aiming to obtain better quality information on affinity and selectivity. The results for one specific ligand, ZINC14690579, indicated its potential for affinity and selectivity. ZINC14690579 structure may represent the discovery of a new scaffold for future development of NAT inhibitors.
Modelling Crop Pattern Changes and Water Resources Exploitation: A Case Study
Authors: Zingaro Donato , Portoghese Ivan , Giannoccaro Giacomo
Published: July 2017

Agriculture and farming worldwide are responsible for numerous environmental threats, including degradation of land and water resources depletion. Underlining the dynamic interaction between bio-physical and socio-economic drivers is the key towards a more sustainable land and water management. With regard to a highly developed agricultural area in southern Italy, multi-regression models were developed to interpret the observed inter-annual variability of cropped land. Main drivers related to Common Agricultural Policy support, product market prices, crop yield and irrigation water availability were investigated. The adopted models revealed the different weighs of each driver. The findings reported the role that direct payments played in supporting the extension of irrigated crops, such as processing tomato. Likewise, the models pointed to decoupled payment scheme as the most important driver of change in the crop pattern over the last years.
Biologia populacional da carapeba listrada, Eugerres brasilianus (Cuvier, 1830), próximo í­Â foz do Rio São Francisco (Brasil)
Authors: RODRIGUES Mariana Lins , SANTOS Robson Batista dos , SANTOS Eduardo Jorge de Santana , PEREIRA Simone Moreira , OLIVEIRA Alexandre , SOARES Emerson Carlos
Published: July 2017

Eugerres brasilianus é uma das principais espécies de peixe comercial no Nordeste do Brasil e no baixo rio São Francisco. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura populacional da espécie na região. Os peixes foram coletados mensalmente com rede de emalhe entre maio e dezembro de 2013. De 95 indiví­­duos capturados, 80% eram fêmeas com comprimento padrão oscilando entre as classes de 17,0 cm e 29,0 cm. A relação peso/comprimento em fêmeas e machos durante os perí­­odos de chuva e estiagem evidenciou crescimento do tipo alométrico negativo. Os estágios de maturação gonadal variaram de B (em maturação) a C (maduro) para as fêmeas durante o perí­­odo chuvoso, evidenciando atividade reprodutiva, fato confirmado pelo í­­ndice gonadossomático e pelo fator de condição (K), cujos valores foram superiores nas fêmeas (p>0,05). Os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento da espécie pode estar relacionado ao perí­­odo pré-reprodutivo, pois o crescimento em comprimento foi maior que em peso.
Crescimento e sobrevivência da ostra de fundo, Crassostrea gasar, cultivada no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil
Authors: LEGAT Jefferson Francisco Alves , PUCHNICK-LEGAT Angela , FOGAÇA Fabíola Helena dos Santos , TURECK Cláudio Rudolfo , SUHNEL Simone , MELO Claudio Manoel Rodrigues de
Published: July 2017

Este estudo avaliou o crescimento, a sobrevivência e o tempo para atingir o tamanho mí­­nimo de comercialização (50 mm altura da concha) da ostra-de-fundo, Crassostrea gasar, a partir de sementes produzidas em laboratório. As áreas de cultivo foram localizadas nos Estados do Maranhão [1-Morro do Meio (MM); 2-Torto (TT)] e de Santa Catarina [1-São Francisco do Sul (SFS); 2-Florianópolis (SB)]. Oito mil sementes foram transferidas para cada local e cultivadas entre junho de 2012 e julho de 2013. O crescimento dos indiví­­duos em Santa Catarina foi superior ao observado no Maranhão (p<0,05). O tempo ideal de cultivo foi de 8 meses, quando os animais apresentaram média de altura da concha de 71,96(Â±8,05) mm em SFS; 55,31(Â±6,05) mm em SB; e 46,92(Â±9,11) mm em TT. A área do Morro do Meio (MM) foi considerada inadequada para o cultivo de C. gasar devido ao baixo crescimento ao final de 13 meses: 36,20(Â±12,40) mm. As taxas de sobrevivência variaram entre: 79,82-99,69% em SFS; 80,00-99,81% em SB; 90,59-98,21% em TT; e 64,98-96,54% em MM.
Low self-esteem and high psychological distress are common among depressed adolescents presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Puuskari Varpu , Aalto-Setälä Terhi , Komulainen Erkki , Marttunen Mauri
Published: July 2017

Background

Increasing psychiatric disorders and alcohol intoxication challenge the pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) to which adolescents are referred owing to acute alcohol intoxication.

Objective

This study examined the degree to which adolescents presenting to PED with alcohol intoxication or deliberate self-harm report symptoms of depression and how they differed from non-depressed patients in terms of alcohol use, perceived social support, psychological distress, self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts.

Methods

In a sample of 138 adolescents, 12- to 16-years old (62% females), we assessed the patients’ psychiatric status using self-report scales and analyzed blood samples for alcohol. Before discharge, a consulting psychiatrist interviewed each patient to evaluate possible suicidality and organized aftercare when necessary. The mediating data-driven hypothesis was examined. Adolescents scoring ≥ 10 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were deemed as screening positive for depression.

Results

In 55% of participants, intoxication was by alcohol consumption. Deliberate self-harm was found in 17% of the participants. Of the 138 adolescents, 39% scored positive on the BDI for depressive symptoms, occurring more commonly in girls. Logistic regression showed that the most significant variables associated with depressive symptoms were female gender, high psychological distress, and low self-esteem. Symptoms of depression served as a mediator between gender and self-esteem and the blood alcohol level.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the importance of identifying mood disorders, suicidality, and self-esteem among adolescents with acute alcohol intoxication at the PED. Intensive psychiatric evaluation in an emergency department is necessary in order to detect those adolescents requiring additional treatment and support.
A diagnosis of the deficiencies in the Zimbabwean value added tax system
Authors: Madzivanyika Ezera
Published: July 2017

The paper analyzes the Zimbabwean VAT system. The main objective was to establish and evaluate the gaps within the Zimbabwean VAT system, with the view of closing them so that the Zimbabwean VAT is attuned to the dictates of the best practice VAT. A review of literature was used and the main sources of information were the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority, the South African Revenue Services, literature from various journal articles and books and various reports and legislative instruments. The key finding of the study was that the Zimbabwean VAT system falls short of both the South African and best practice VATs. The main reasons for the gap are; a narrow VAT base fuelled by rampant VAT zero-rates and exemptions; it defies the destination principle; it does not conform to the principle of tax neutrality and tax simplicity; and it has high costs of collection and compliance. The study recommends that the Zimbabwean VAT system should be aligned to the best practice VAT through streamlining VAT privileges and correctly implementing the destination principle. Adequate funding should be allocated to the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority in order to embrace the Information Communication Technology (ICT) drive to reduce costs of compliance and collection.
Tumbre: sitios estacionales en la industria tambilliense
Authors: Serracino Calamatta George , Pereyea Frank
Published: July 2017

En la provincia El Loa se han descubierto 331 sitios arqueológicos precerámicos (Serracino 1975). Estos yacimientos se diferencian entre sí por la presencia y ausencia de tipos de artefactos según criterios morfológicos (Le Paige 1964). Serracino (1975) elaboró un modelo para verificar las relaciones entre dichos yacimientos, concluyendo que el movimiento de las bandas entre Tambillo y Cuno podría señalar que el proceso de trashumancia debió remontarse al período de la industria tambilliense.
Las aldeas del Formativo Inferior de la quebrada del Toro (Salta, Argentina)
Authors: Raffino Rodolfo
Published: July 2017

La quebrada del Toro es un estrecho bolsón de recorrido longitudinal que se comporta como eje central de un sistema de quebradas menores y laterales, ubicadas en el occidente de la provincia de Salta, en el ámbito de la cordillera Oriental y la prepuna. A lo largo de su trayecto, la quebrada mayor recibe el aporte de un conjunto de quebradas laterales como las de Morohuasi, Las Cuevas, Las Capillas, entre varias más. Geomórficamente, la región se compone de quebradas altas, estrechas y sinuosas, de agresivo perfil, con cabeceras en el altiplano puneño, a 4000 m.snm. Es precisamente este último accidente el que marca los límites norte y oeste de la región, mientras que por el este la sierra del Chañi la separa de la Quebrada de Humahuaca y el valle Grande de Jujuy. Hacia el sur este sistema de quebradas se conecta con los valles calchaquíes de la provincia de Salta.
Recientes descubrimientos arqueológicos en la zona de San Pedro de Atacama
Authors: Le Paige de Walque Gustavo
Published: July 2017

Recientemente hemos ubicado nuevos sitios arqueológicos y también revisado algunos cementerios ya conocidos; en estos últimos logramos registrar nuevos contextos funerarios.
Incidencias de los patrones de poblamiento en el cálculo de la población del Partido de Atacama desde 1752 a 1804: las revisitas inéditas de 1787-1792 y 1804
Authors: Hidalgo Lehuedé Jorge Alfredo
Published: July 2017

Se presentan y discuten datos de valor demográfico de algunos empadronamientos inéditos de tributarios que van desde 1752 a 1804. A pesar de sus irregularidades, se busca una explicación en el patrón de poblamiento o en sus características culturales, utilizando las fuentes señaladas e información adicional contemporánea o posterior a estas visitas. Se encuentran claras referencias de que la población atacameña muestra durante varios siglos patrones tanto de trashumancia como de control simultáneo de recursos apartados, estrategia que Murra ha llamado “verticalidad”. Su presencia en Atacama relativiza los datos demográficos en cuestión, no pudiéndose determinar con precisión qué población que se consideraba a sí misma atacameña vivía en esa provincia colonial y cuánta vivía fuera de ella.
IT risk management disclosure in the integrated reports of the top 40 listed companies on the JSE limited
Authors: Marx Ben , Du Preez Covanni
Published: July 2017

Information Technology (IT) has become an integral part of virtually all modern day organisations. The advent of IT has given rise to numerous benefits which increase productivity and efficiency in the workplace, however, IT also brings with it significant risks that can have an impact on an organisation’s ability to function as a going concern. Organisations, especially those listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), are required to submit an Integrated Report (IR) on an annual basis in which they indicate how they used the resources at their disposal to create value for the organisation and its stakeholders during the year under review. The IR is also a forward-looking document, as opposed to the traditional, backward-looking reports. The purpose of this paper is to determine to what extent IT Risk and IT Risk Management are disclosed in the IR’s of the Top 40 Listed Companies on the JSE. It further aims to determine whether IT Risks are included as material risk in the entity’s risk statements of the Integrated Report, and whether proper explanations are provided on how the materiality of the risks are determined and dealt with. This is done by means of an empirical study consisting of a content analysis of the IRs of the Top 40 listed companies on the JSE. The results of the analysis indicates that more than half of the companies included IT risk as part of their material risks and outlined appropriate and detailed processes that were followed by the company to manage those IT risks. The findings of the study accordingly support the need for communicating significant risks and the management thereof to stakeholders as part of the integrated nature of governance of entities. However, it is disconcerting that some companies are not doing this, and accordingly are not realising the need for communicating significant matters to their stakeholders and the value that informative and credible reporting will bring to an entity’s Integrated Report.
Evaluation of Loss Coefficient For Stand Alone Radiator
Authors: G.Pillutla  , R. Mishra  , S.M.Barrans  , J.Barrans
Published: July 2017

In the UK, domestic heating contributes to about
40% of annual energy consumption. Effective and efficient
heating systems are essential to drive the cost of heating down.
Although there are several types of heating systems, radiators
are the most popular heat emitters. Head loss in a radiator
depends on various design parameters based on fluid flow path
conditions and design of the radiator. The work presented in
this paper identifies and compares the loss co-efficient for two
most common configurations of radiators used in domestic
heating systems. These are Bottom-Bottom Opposite Ends
(BBOE) and Bottom-Top Opposite Ends (BTOE)
configurations for a standalone system. In a standalone radiator
design the loss co-efficient K value varies with the panel
configuration and flow path in the BBOE and BTOE layouts.
Similar to loss co-efficient in a pipe system the K value in a
radiator system is a function of the Reynolds number. It has
been found that double and single panel radiators have
significantly different behaviour for the two flow layouts with
higher K values for the BTOE configuration at lower velocity.
New Issues on Electromagnetic Biocompatibility
Authors: Mircea Ion Buzdugan  , Horia Bălan  , Dan Doru Micu  , Dorin Mureşan
Published: July 2017

The paper presents some aspects on the concept
of electromagnetic biocompatibility (EMBC), fully supported
by epidemiological studies and in the same time by the latest
document of the SCENIHR (an organism of the European
Commission), regarding extremely low frequency magnetic
fields.
Modern life is full of artificially generated electric and magnetic
fields. We are always exposed to those electromagnetic fields
composed of various frequency components. One of these
sources is represented by the frequency of 50Hz, the electric
power frequency of commercial power transmission and
distribution and of household electric appliances. It can be
mentioned also high frequencies near 1GHz for cellular phones,
and other intermediate frequencies for various appliances.
The authors, adepts of the prudential avoidance policy, present
several examples of possible harmful effects determined by
extremely low frequency magnetic fields, dedicated to building
services engineering in residences and in the industrial
environment, along with several methods of mitigating them.
New input circuits used for parameters determination of circuit breaker voltage and current paths
Authors: A. Lisowiec  , A. Nowakowski
Published: July 2017

In the article new constructions of voltage and
current transducers have been presented that are used for
parameters determination of current and voltage signals in the
line protected by circuit breaker. These transducers are used
with protection relay that is also a subsystem of source data
acquisition for multi-criteria method of circuit breaker
diagnosis. Because of the multifunctionality of the device the
transducers have to work with, they have to be very accurate,
have wide bandwidth and be stable over varying environment
conditions like temperature and humidity. As current
transducers, Rogowski coils have been described. They have
been made with the use of multilayer PCB technology to
achieve very high repeatability of coils parameters, low labor
costs as well as high bandwidth and excellent linearity. The
designs of Rogowski coils have been presented together with
measurement results. As voltage transducers, new constructions
of reactance transducers, resistive transducers and air core
transformers have been presented. The main design effort has
been put into achieving wide bandwidth and good linearity. In
the paper input circuits adapted to new types of voltage
transducers have been described as well as measurement results.
e-Diagnostics of the Switchgear Equipment Using IEC 61850
Authors: Zdzisław Kołodziejczyk  , Andrzej K. Wach
Published: July 2017

The   proposed   implementation   of   e-diagnostics   of   switchgear   equipment   aims   to   improve   the reliability indicators of the equipment and to reduce the costs of its exploitation. As far as fundamental diagnostics problems are concerned  it  is  still essential to develop  methods of  calculating tests   and   diagnostic   procedures,   which   are   a   base   for   an inference  on  the  reliability  state  of  the  object.  Generally  it  is done   based   on   symptoms   (characteristic   for   non-stationary acting  object),  which  additionally  expose  processes  of  aging and wear, or based on  functional model of a discrete object.  At  the  present,  in  many  cases  the  digital  part  of  IEDs  is  tested by application of a response function compression method. This method    characterizes    with    relatively    small    control    test effectiveness  and  it  does  not  enable  subordinating  the  tests results to the specific node of the IEC 61850 standard. The  paper  introduces  diagnostics  of  the  digital  part  of  IED’s.  It presents a certain inference engine on which one of  the elements of  the   digital  circuit  is  (with   determined  probability)  in  the inoperable state,  if  for any  pin, (of  some  element)  a  fail  result  of the  functional  test  has been  observed.  That conclusion  is  reached by applying the probability approach and knowledge of the digital circuit   information   net,   being   a   certain   digraph   respectively described.  The  method  of    determining  the  important  causal-effectual  relation  between  the  determined  inoperable  state  of  the circuit  element  and  the  fail  result  observed  on  some  pins  of  the other element, using the information net of the circuit is presented. Thereafter  we  provide  some  remarks  on  how  to  build  the  IED digital part functional testing, which may be executed under the command e.g. sent from the data concentrator.
Stochastic performances estimate of a universal and flexible power management system for the future European electricity network
Authors: Micaela Caserza Magro  , Stefano Savio
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the final results of the
activities carried out by the authors to estimate the availability
performances of an innovative modular power conversion
architecture, developed within the UNIFLEX-PM (Universal
and Flexible Power Management) EU project. The performed
study also addresses the analysis of the effects on system
stochastic performances deriving from basic components wear
out phenomena, and the ones deriving from the adoption of
different redundancy strategies and maintenance policies. The
UNIFLEX-PM architecture represents an innovative solution
for power management in the distribution networks, thus the
reliability and availability studies have been focused on
obtaining basic figures useful to define the effectiveness of the
proposed solution through comparison with a power converter
architecture already used for building commercial products and
assumed as the reference case.
2008 Norwegian quality of supply survey - State of art and reported needs
Authors: K. Sand
Published: July 2017

This paper reports the findings in a national
survey conducted in 2008/2009 on the quality of supply. The
respondents are from distribution system operators (DSOs) and
from the Norwegian Transmission system operator (TSO). The
survey was implemented as a web based survey and covered all
quality of supply phenomena defined in EN 50160 [1]. In
addition some EMC issues also were included. The objective of
the survey was to investigate which phenomena are the most
important and what the utilities’ needs to improve quality of
supply management.
The phenomena causing most problems in Norway are:

Supply voltage variations
Short duration supply interruptions
Voltage dips

These phenomena are of highly ranked both by the Norwegian
TSO and the DSOs responding to the survey.
The most important need for quality of supply improvement
according to the DSOs is to get advice concerning
measurements and measurement equipment:
The TSO sees basic technology transfer, national databases,
advice concerning measurements/ measurement equipment and
standardisation as important issues in general, but the needs are
different for different phenomena.
A biomass powered Ringbom-Stirling engine for developing countries: a low-budget solution for distributed electricity generation.
Authors: S. Parmigiani  , D. Zani  , C. Invernizzi  , A. Mazzù  , V. Villa  , A. Lezzi
Published: July 2017

In   many   isolated   settings   electricity   is   not available or is supplied by fossil fuels, while biomass is used for cooking purposes, not exploiting all of its potential. We are building a prototype of a biomass powered 1kWel  Ringbom-Stirling   engine   that   doesn't   require   high   technology,   but nevertheless brings relevant innovations. This solution aims to generate electricity using the same source used for cooking. It is meant to be used and to be producible in developing countries, where distributed electricity generation, using locally available primary   sources,   can   help   reducing   the   dependence   from foreign   aids   or   suppliers.   The   system   we   are   building   is composed of a down-draft gasifier which supplies the syngas that is then burned to heat the Ringbom-Stirling engine, which produces electricity, while the remaining heat is available for cooking. We discuss here the general scheme of this solution with particular regard for some new applications that greatly simplify the operation of traditional Stirling engines, such as metal   bellows,   used   instead   of   the   typical   cylinder-piston arrangement,  to totally eliminate the friction due to sealing needs between moving parts.
Mesoscale modelling for wind resource evaluation purposes. A test case in complex terrain
Authors: A. Soares  , P. Pinto  , R. Pilão
Published: July 2017

The aim of this work was the preliminary wind
resource assessment of a complex terrain site, located in
Bulgaria, using a virtual wind data series, taken from mesoscale
modelling Weather Research and Forecasting system (WRF).
The meso-micro scale coupling was carried out applying the
virtual wind data series to the point where once a local wind
measurement was conducted. This way, the comparison
between the two data sets, virtual and local measurement, could
be done. Using the mesoscale virtual information the
characterization of the wind was done for the place of study.
The microscale model Wind Atlas Analysis and Application
Program (WASP) was used to make the wind resource mapping
and the calculation of the estimated wind resource and annual
production of energy, taking into account the defined
configuration for the wind farm and the turbine model chosen.
The obtained differences, in terms of the magnitude of the
estimated resource and its own dominant orientation indicates
that the application of mesoscale models in very complex
topography terrains should be done with extreme care.
Study and Construction of a small scale hybrid R.E.S Power System of Wind Generator and Photovoltaic
Authors: Iakovos Yiakoumi  , Athanasios Safacas
Published: July 2017

In this project the design and implementation of an
experimental, small scale hybrid system of produced electric
energy is presented. Within this framework, a series of
measurements was conducted, including meteorological
measurements and measurements of produced power,
separately for each of the sub-systems. After having that data
processed, some techno-economic models were developed.
To accomplish the aim of monitoring the whole energy
producing system, a special circuit that leads the data to a
commercial data logger, either they are coming from the
W/G or the P/V, was built. Moreover, an independent
control system was designed and implemented for the W/G,
to achieve its protection in case of strong winds. There was
also implemented an ohmic consumer, composed of a bank
of glow-lamps to which the produced energy is driven.
The system is built up from a W/G of 1 kW power
(Figure 1) and 4 P/V panels of 85 Wp each, meaning that the
total power is 340 Wp (Figure 2).
Increase in energy efficiency of tunnel composting by bio leaching and biogas production
Authors: N. Bauerschlag  , Th. Pretz
Published: July 2017

Bio waste treatment can be done by composting or by digestion.
Both ways of treatment have their advantages and
disadvantages. The increase in energy efficiency of tunnel
composting approached by a bio leaching system and bio gas
production is one part of the EnBV research project.
The reduction of organic matter by bio leaching and the
enrichment of carbons in the leachate water can be used for
increasing the energy efficiency.
POWER QUALITY MEASUREMENT CAPABILITIES OF “SMART” ENERGY METERS
Authors: T. Solvang  , L. Aleixo  , H. Seljeseth
Published: July 2017

Power quality measurement integrated in energy
meters are presented as a potential benefit by some
manufacturers. The Norwegian regulator has considered making
minimum requirements for energy meters to include registration
of interruptions. SINTEF Energy Research has performed tests
on energy meters with power quality measurement capabilities.
These tests include the ability to detect interruptions, supply
voltage variations, voltage dips, among others. Results
presented in this paper show large differences in capabilities for
power quality measurement of ‘smart’ energy meters. The
results also show that the power quality measurements are not
according to international standards for such measurements like
EN50160 [1], IEC 61000-4-30 [2] and others.
Modeling a solar desalination
Authors: D. Buschert  , B. Bitzer
Published: July 2017

In the last years the demand on fresh water continuously increase worldwide and the future demand is difficult to estimate, but due to the growth of population and the increase of the worldwide demand on consumer goods the water demand will also rise in the close and far future. Furthermore more environmental neutral energy resources are needed to fulfill the needed energy requirements in the future. One option is to use solar thermal energy to produce (process) heat. This paper is about the modeling of a demonstration plant in the Egyptian Sunwater project. The energy from renewable energy source is used to operate a water desalination unit and to produce freshwater environmental friendly. The main heat generator for the water desalination unit are solar thermal panels. The produced freshwater is free of ingredients and it can be used, with the accumulation of trace elements, as normal drinking water. The water desalination module works with evaporation and the whole construction will be installed close to a hotel complex in Egypt as a demonstration plant. It is funded by the EU and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Egypt (RDI). This project is a feasibility study to show the possibility to combine solar thermal energy and a water desalination module working with evaporation. It could be an impulse for future research projects and for a freshwater supply not only in dry and hot countries like in Africa. For the installation of the components at the demonstration plant a system model and a simulation was done to combine the right components at the building site to a sustainable system.
Defining of eligible capacity for biomass cogeneration plants in small towns in Estonia
Authors: A.Volkova  , A. Hlebnikov  , A.Siirde
Published: July 2017

There  is  a  high  potential  for  small-scale  and  medium scale   biomass   cogeneration   in   Estonia.   It   can   be explained  by  high  heat  loads  in  household  sector  and large availability of biomass energy sources. During   the   research   an   eligible   size   for   biomass cogeneration   capacity   in   Estonian   small   towns   was defined.  Estonian  conditions  were  taken  into  account: local  energy  sources,  fuel  and  electricity  prices,  cold climate,  state  of  local  district  heating  systems,  Estonian legislation   and   support   mechanisms   for   cogeneration plants. Heat  load  duration  curves  for  four  Estonian  small  towns with  heat  load  5-20  MW  were  taken  as  a  base  for  small-scale and medium-scale cogeneration potential.   Partial  load  cogeneration  optimal  sizing  was  researched in  this  paper.  Results  were  checked  and  approbated  by economical and environmental factors.
Effect of rotor blade position on Vertical Axis Wind Turbine performance
Authors: G. Colley  , R. Mishra  , H.V.Rao  , R.Woolhead
Published: July 2017

In this paper a numerical study is presented with the aim of evaluating the performance output of three Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) configurations. Here using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) a two-dimensional Multi Reference Frame (MRF) approach has been used to perform steady state simulations. For this purpose an inlet velocity of 4m/s has been used along with rotor blade tip speed ratios (λ) in the range of 0 to 0.6. The effects of varying rotor blade position on the global and local flow fields have been quantified. Furthermore, the influence of rotor blade position on performance has been computed. It has been found that within a typical rotor blade passage, maximum torque is obtained at a unique rotor angle. It can be seen that the torque output of the turbine decreases with an increase in rotor tip speed ratio (λ) for all rotor blade positions. From the data obtained it can be concluded that the VAWT power curve characteristics vary with relative rotor blade position.
Using Software Agents to improve functionality of the Power Quality Management Software System
Authors: Dan Apetrei  , Ralf Neurohr  , Mihaela Albu  , Valentin Rascanu  , Petru Postolache  , Nicolae Golovanov  , Ioan Silvas
Published: July 2017

Power quality management is a complex problem
that involves rapid changes in knowledge management. That’s
why hardware and software systems have to continuously adapt
the dynamic requirements of the customer and to process
increasing quantities of data. Software Agents could be of help
in developing a self adapting dynamic system.
Quasi-Static Electrical Model for Magnetoresistive Current Sensors
Authors: A. Roldán  , C. Reig  , J.B. Roldán  , A. Cano-Abellán  , D. Ramírez
Published: July 2017

The general use of magnetoresistive current
sensors is limited due to the lack of electrical models, among
other issues. In this paper, we report on a Verilog-A based
quasi-static electrical model, focusing on the parameter
extraction procedure. The accuracy of the model developed has
been checked by comparing with experimental measurements
for different measuring current values.
Microalgae Zero Energy Farm for Bio fuel Production in Galicia
Authors: Á. López Agüera  , M. Vázquez García  , V. Gándara Villadóniga  , I. Rodríguez Cabo
Published: July 2017

Microalgae are the fuel source in the future.
Galicia has excellent conditions for microalgae farm
installations. A high efficiency in production process
establishes a biodiesel production rate of 12 l/m2 . Other
sub products like hydrogen; biogas... will be used for
factory energy saving for a zero energy design.
Experimental works will establish the basis for a high
production algae farm design for biodiesel and
derivatives bio fuels for local markets
Geothermal application on an artificial lake powered using photovoltaic energy
Authors: Gándara Villadóniga V  , López Agüera A  , Vázquez García M  , Rodríguez Cabo I
Published: July 2017

This paper describes a geothermal low enthalpy installation mounted in an artificial lake created by
recover of an ancient lignite mine. The associated heats bombs will be powered using photovoltaic solar
energy with the aims of acclimatise a passive tertiary sector use. The main contribution of the proposed
project is a pioneer multi-source renewable energy application with both high social visibility and
reproducibility
Finite element modelling of a solar collector
Authors: A. Álvarez  , M.C. Muñiz  , L.M. Varela  , O. Cabeza
Published: July 2017

A mathematical model of a serpentine flat-plate
solar collector using finite elements is presented. The numerical
simulations focus on the thermal and hydrodynamic behaviour
of the collector. The energy equation is numerically solved, as
are the Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid.
Numerical results involving one part of the serpentine are also
shown.
Novel Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Generator Systems for Wind Turbine Applications
Authors: M. T. Mohammad  , J. E. Fletcher  , N. A. Hassanain
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the benefits of five-phase technology for
applications including wind turbine generators. The
performances of three-phase and five-phase permanent magnet
generator (PMG) systems that use diode rectifier circuits are
discussed. Investigations proved that the five-phase topology
harnesses some specific and important benefits that are not
provided by three-phase systems. The benefits include
improved fault tolerance and reliability, and reduced voltage
and torque ripple and size of DC link capacitor. These are
general improvements that are sought after in many applications
including renewable energy applications. The paper also
discusses the design of a novel five-phase wind turbine
generator which was optimised to make use of the key
competitive advantages of our five-phase technology in
renewable energy sector. Finite element (FE) and Matlab /
Simulink are used in the investigations. Test results are also
presented in this paper and used to validate simulations where
possible.
Heat load model for small-scale CHP planning
Authors: E. Latõšov  , A. Siirde
Published: July 2017

Present-day world energy policy is based on two main
directions: energy efficiency and environmental
protection. Efficient Combined Heat and Power
production is one of the energy consumption effective
methods, where CHP production from the renewable
fuels is preferable. [1]
In order to plan for the most economical, technical and
environmental optimal CHP system, it is especially
important to estimate the expected heat demands and heat
load profiles for the district heating area.
This paper describes a method for estimation of heat load
profile for a given district heating area by dividing it to
three different heat load types:

 

Temperature depended heat load;

 

Constant heat load;

 

User defined heat load.
The paper provides a complete description of above
mentioned heat load types, equations as well as
calculation examples. Calculation results are compared to
hourly measured heat loads to estimate accuracy of a
proposed model.
Modelling and Optimization of a Concentrating PV-Mirror System
Authors: I. S. Hermenean  , I. Visa  , A. Duta  , D. V. Diaconescu
Published: July 2017

The paper presents results on a novel low
concentration system for photovoltaic/ hybrid module, its
geometric modelling and the optimal working parameters. The
low concentration system is build up of a PV module and two
mirrors, one on the left side and symmetrically on the right side
along the length of the PV module. Our objective is to
maximize the received direct radiation of the PV or hybrid
module, maintaining an overall geometric size of the system as
small as possible with a minimum number of the tracking steps.
Two cases were considered: the first case when the reflected
solar radiation from each mirror sweeps the whole surface of
the PV module increasing by almost 2x the amount of radiation
that sweeps the PV-surface; the second case when the reflected
light from each mirror partially sweeps the PV-module surface,
building together one cover of light on the plane and increasing
the amount of radiation that falls on the module surface around
1x. Although the total amount of radiation that falls on the
photovoltaic/hybrid module surface in the second case is far
less than in the first situation, the overall size of the system is
strongly reduced.