bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Melatonin Administration on Physical Performance and Biochemical Responses Following Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise
Authors: Berzosa César , Bascuas Pablo Jesús , Piedrafita Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Exercise, despite being a beneficial activity for health, can also be a source of oxidative imbalance, which can lead to a decrease in performance. Furthermore, melatonin is an endogenous molecule that may counteract exercise-induced oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential ergogenic and antioxidant capacity of melatonin administered for a maximal effort test. A total of 30 rats were divided into three groups—control, exercise, and exercise + melatonin (intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg)—to assess the effects of an exhaustive incremental protocol in the two exercise groups (with and without melatonin) on the treadmill-running performance (final speed reached), lipid and protein oxidation markers (malondialdehyde + 4-hidroxyalkenals and carbonyl content, respectively), and cellular and mitochondrial membranes’ fluidity in skeletal muscle, brain, and liver tissues. Our results show an ergogenic effect of melatonin (31 ± 4 vs. 36 ± 4 cm/s), which may be due to its antioxidant properties being significantly stronger than its protective effect when performing increasing exercise on a treadmill until exhaustion. Melatonin reverted the membrane rigidity in the brain caused by exercise (with no effect on muscle or liver), prevented lipid oxidation in muscle, and prevented lipid and protein oxidation in the liver. Differences between tissues’ responses to exercise and melatonin need to be investigated in the future to elucidate other possible mechanisms that explain melatonin’s ergogenic effect.
Open-Label Clinical Trial on the Impact of Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy on Albuminuria and Inflammatory Biomarkers (Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor α) in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)
Authors: Jonny  , Sitepu Enda Cindylosa , Hernowo Bhimo Aji , Chiuman Linda , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich , Putranto Terawan Agus
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, leading to a higher incidence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major risk factor for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This study investigates the effects of autologous dendritic cell (DC) therapy on albuminuria and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) in DKD patients. An open-label clinical trial was conducted with 69 DKD outpatients at the Gatot Soebroto Army Central Hospital (RSPAD GS). Each subject received a single DC injection, with evaluations of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and inflammatory biomarkers at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention. UACR was measured weekly, while eGFR, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were assessed at baseline and week 4. Results indicated a significant reduction in median UACR from 250 mg/g at baseline to 153 mg/g in week 1, with sustained lower levels over 4 weeks (p < 0.05). No significant change of eGFR was found (p = 0.478). TNF-α levels also significantly decreased from 2.16 pg/mL to 1.92 pg/mL (p = 0.03), while IL-6 (p = 0.83) and IL-10 (p = 0.11) showed no significant change. The reduction in UACR and TNF-α suggests that DC therapy may alleviate albuminuria through anti-inflammatory mechanisms primarily suppressing TNF-α. No significant change in IL-10 levels implies that the anti-inflammatory effect is not mediated by IL-10 enhancement. This study demonstrates the potential of DC therapy as adjunct therapy to reduce albuminuria in DKD patients, with further research needed to explore long-term efficacy, long-term safety, and dosing strategies.
Multi-Night Home Assessment of Total Sleep Time Misperception in Obstructive Sleep Apnea with and Without Insomnia Symptoms
Authors: Kuhn Jasmin , Schiphorst Laura R. B. , Wulterkens Bernice M. , Asin Jerryll , Duis Nanny , Overeem Sebastiaan , van Gilst Merel M. , Fonseca Pedro
Published: December 2024

Total sleep time (TST) misperception has been reported in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, previous findings on predictors were inconsistent and predominantly relied on single-night polysomnography, which may alter patients’ sleep perception. We leveraged advances in wearable sleep staging to investigate predictors of TST misperception in OSA over multiple nights in the home environment. The study included 141 patients with OSA, 75 without insomnia symptoms (OSA group), and 66 with insomnia symptoms (OSA-I group). Objective TST was measured using a previously validated wrist-worn photoplethysmography and accelerometry device. Self-reported TST was assessed using a digital sleep diary. TST misperception was quantified with the misperception index (MI), calculated as (objective − self-reported TST)/objective TST. MI values differed significantly between the OSA (median = −0.02, IQR = [−0.06, 0.02]) and the OSA-I group (0.05, [−0.02, 0.13], p < 0.001). Multilevel modeling revealed that the presence of insomnia symptoms (β = 0.070, p < 0.001) and lower daily reported sleep quality (β = −0.229, p < 0.001) were predictive of higher MI (TST underestimation), while a higher apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was predictive of lower MI (TST overestimation; β = −0.001, p = 0.006). Thus, insomnia symptoms and AHI are associated with TST misperception in OSA patients, but in opposite directions. This association extends over multiple nights in the home environment.
Influence of Environmental Factors on the Surface Feeding Behaviour of Immature Male Whale Sharks in the Gulf of Tadjoura (Djibouti)
Authors: Reinero Francesca Romana , Marsella Andrea , Pacifico Antonio , Vicariotto Consuelo , Maule Lara , Mahrer Makenna , Micarelli Primo
Published: December 2024

The East African country of Djibouti is known to host an important seasonal feeding aggregation of whale sharks that allows the frequent observation of their surface feeding behaviour. The influence of environmental factors on the different whale shark feeding strategies (passive, active, and vertical) was studied over a four-year period (2017, 2020, 2022, 2024) in the Gulf of Tadjoura. Across 81 immature male whale sharks identified and 1082 surface feeding behaviours recorded in this period, the chlorophyll-a concentration was the main parameter predicting the choice of the filter-feeding technique. Active and vertical feeding behaviours were associated with rainfall, lower sea surface temperature, worse sea conditions, and low wind speed during the morning, all factors positively correlated to chlorophyll-a concentration. On the contrary, passive feeding behaviour was favoured in the inverse environmental conditions. Both passive and vertical feeding behaviours occurred during El Niño events, whereas active feeding was more common during La Niña events. Since it is known that whale shark abundance and distribution are associated with food availability at coastal locations, it is fundamental to understand environmental drivers of filter-feeding strategies when managing conservation efforts for this endangered species. Recommendations for future research work at this site are presented.
Mental Health Symptom Reporting to a Virtual Triage Engine Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gellert George A. , Kabat-Karabon Aleksandra , Price Tim , Gellert Gabriel L. , Kuszczyński Kacper , Nowak Mateusz , Orzechowski Piotr M.
Published: December 2024

Objective: To examine patient-user symptom reporting to an AI-based online virtual triage (VT) and care-referral engine to assess patterns of mental health symptoms (MHS) reporting prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The frequencies of 11 MHS reported through VT were analyzed over three time intervals: one year prior to the WHO declaring a global COVID-19 emergency; from pandemic declaration to a mid-point in US vaccine distribution/uptake; and one year thereafter. Results: A total of 4,346,987 VT encounters/interviews presenting somatic and MHS occurred, increasing over time and peaking in the COVID-19 post-vaccine interval with 2,257,553 encounters (51.9%). In 866,218 encounters (19.9%), at least one MHS was reported. MHS reporting declined across subsequent time intervals, was lowest in the COVID-19 post-vaccine period (19.1%), and slightly higher in the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pre-vaccine intervals (p = 0.05). The most frequently reported symptoms were anxiety, sleep disorder, general anxiety, irritability, and nervousness. Women reported anxiety less often and nervousness and irritability more often. Individuals aged 60+ years reported anxiety and nervousness less frequently, insomnia and sleep disorder more often than individuals 18–39 and 40–59 years old, and sleep disorder more often than those aged 40–59 years in all periods (all p = 0.05). Conclusions: Overall VT usage for somatic and mental health symptom reporting and care referral increased dramatically during the pandemic. VT effectively screened and provided care referral for patient-users presenting with MHS. Virtual triage offers a valuable additional vehicle to detect mental health symptoms and potentially accelerate care referral for patients needing care.
Electronic and Optical Properties of One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Nanodevices Based on MoS2(n,n) and MoSe2(n,n) Nanotubes
Authors: Sergeyev Daulet , Duisenova Ainur , Shunkeyev Kuanyshbek
Published: December 2024

In this work, the optical and electronic characteristics of MoS2(n,n) and MoSe2(n,n) nanotubes and 1D van der Waals nanoheterostructures based on them are determined from first principles. It is shown that with an increase in the diameters of MoS2(n,n) and MoSe2(n,n) nanotubes, their bandgaps increase (in MoS2(n,n), the gap varies from 0.27 eV to 1.321 eV, and in MoSe2(n,n) from 0.153 eV to 1.216 eV). It was found that with an increase in the diameter of the nanotubes, the static permittivity decreases; van der Waals nanostructures of MoS2(8,8)@MoSe2(16,16) and MoS2(6,6)@MoSe2(14,14) consisting of coaxially compound MoS2(8,8) and MoSe2(16,16), MoS2(6,6) and MoSe2(14,14), respectively, have high static dielectric permittivitiesof 6. 5367 and 3.0756. Such nanoheterostructures offer potential for developing various nanoelectronic devices due to the possibility of effective interaction with an electric field. Studies revealed that the van der Waals nanostructures MoSe2(6,6)@MoS2(14,14) and MoSe2(8,8)@MoS2(16,16) exhibit a semiconductor nature with bandgap widths of 0.174 eV and 0.53 eV, respectively, and MoS2(6,6)@MoSe2(14,14) and MoS2(8,8)@MoSe2(16,16) exhibit metallic properties. Stepped areas of Coulomb origin with a constant period at a voltage of 0.448 V appear on the current–voltage characteristic of the van der Waals nanoheterodevices. It is found that MoSe2(6,6)@MoS2(14,14) and MoSe2(8,8)@MoS2(16,16) nanodevices transmit electric current preferentially in the forward direction due to the formation of a nanoheterojunction between semiconductor nanotubes with different forbidden band values. The fundamental regularities obtained during the study can be useful for the further development of electronic components of nano- and microelectronics.
Implementation of an Oncogeriatric Unit for Frail Older Patients with Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results
Authors: Hipólito-Reis Helena , Santos Joana , Almeida Paulo , Teixeira Luciana , Rodrigues Fernando , Tavares Nuno Teixeira , Rodrigues Darlene , Almeida Jorge , Osório Fernando
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Breast cancer (BC) has a high incidence in Europe, particularly in older adults. Traditionally under-represented in clinical trials, this age group is often undertreated due to ageism. This study aims to characterize frail older adults (≥70 years) with BC based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment, to guide individualized treatment decision-making. (2) Methods: A descriptive analysis of older adults with BC treated from January 2021 to December 2022 was performed. Data were analyzed based on anonymized electronic medical records. (3) Results: Of 123 patients (mean age 84.0 ± 5.6 years), 122 (99.2%) were women. The mean G8 screening score was 12.1 ± 2.5. Most had functional dependence (69.9% Barthel Index, 81.3% Lawton/Brody Scale) and a moderate-to-high risk of falling (76.4% Tinetti index). Cognitive impairment and malnutrition risk were present in 15.4% and 30.1%, respectively. Prehabilitation inclusive strategies led to adapted treatment in 55.3% of cases. Endocrine therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy was used in 99.2%, 56.1%, 35.0%, and 8.9% of patients, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Our comprehensive oncogeriatric strategy promotes personalized oncologic treatment, improves outcomes by addressing frailty, and enhances treatment tolerability in older patients with BC, validating the expansion of this combined team approach to other cancer types and institutions.
Perceived Improvement of Literacy Skills of Students with and Without Special Educational Needs Through Dialogic Literary Gatherings
Authors: Roca-Campos Esther , Zubiri-Esnaola Harkaitz , León-Jiménez Susana , Aubert Adriana
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the perceived improvement in literacy skills among 2nd-grade Primary Education students, both with and without Special Educational Needs (SEN), following the implementation of Dialogic Literary Gatherings (DLGs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research included 110 seven-year-old students at a school in Valencia, Spain, 11 of whom had various SEN, such as difficulties in reading, writing, mathematics, oral language, and attention, including 1 student with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Through an inclusive approach, where all students participated in the DLGs, significant improvements were observed in reading comprehension, vocabulary, reasoning, and motivation. Students with SEN, especially those with reading and attention difficulties, showed notable progress, while students without SEN also demonstrated significant advances in communication and reading skills. The results were contextualized with international standards, highlighting the effectiveness of DLGs in improving academic performance and challenging social inequalities in an inclusive environment.
Solving the Independent Domination Problem by the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Pan Haoqian , Lu Changhong
Published: December 2024

In the wake of quantum computing advancements and quantum algorithmic progress, quantum algorithms are increasingly being employed to address a myriad of combinatorial optimization problems. Among these, the Independent Domination Problem (IDP), a derivative of the Domination Problem, has practical implications in various real-world scenarios. Despite this, existing classical algorithms for the IDP are plagued by high computational complexity, and quantum algorithms have yet to tackle this challenge. This paper introduces a Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA)-based approach to address the IDP. Utilizing IBM’s qasm_simulator, we have demonstrated the efficacy of the QAOA in solving the IDP under specific parameter settings, with a computational complexity that surpasses that of classical methods. Our findings offer a novel avenue for the resolution of the IDP.
SAR Data and Harvesting Residues: An Initial Assessment of Estimation Potential
Authors: Udali Alberto , Persson Henrik J. , Talbot Bruce , Grigolato Stefano
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for large-scale, high-frequency environmental monitoring has driven the adoption of satellite-based technologies for effective forest management, especially in the context of climate change. This study explores the potential of SAR for estimating the mass of harvesting residues, a significant component of forest ecosystems that impacts nutrient cycling, fire risk, and bioenergy production. The research hypothesizes that while the spatial distribution of residues remains stable, changes in moisture content—reflected in variations in the dielectric properties of the woody material—can be detected by SAR techniques. Two models, the generalized linear model (GLM) and random forest (RF) model, were used to predict the mass of residues using interferometric variables (phase, amplitude, and coherence) as well as the backscatter signal from several acquisition pairs. The models provided encouraging results (R2 of 0.48 for GLM and 0.13 for RF), with an acceptable bias and RMSE. It was concluded that it is possible to derive useful indications about the mass of harvesting residues from SAR data and the findings could lead to the improved monitoring and management of forest residues, contributing to sustainable forestry practices and the enhanced utilization of bioenergy resources.
Enhanced Performance with Nano-Porous Silicon in TiFeSi2/C Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Bage Alhamdu Nuhu , Bamisile Olusola , Adun Humphrey , Takyi-Aninakwa Paul , Ekekeh Destina Godwin , Tu Qingsong Howard
Published: December 2024

The innovative design of the microstructure of silicon-based composite anodes in Li-ion batteries holds great potential for overcoming inherent limitations, such as the significant volume change experienced by silicon particles. In this study, TiFeSi2/C composites prepared using micro, nano, and porous silicon showed reversible capacities of 990.45 mAh.g−1, 1137.69 mAh.g−1, and 1045.43 mAh.g−1 at C/10. The results obtained from the electrochemical characterization show that the porous structure of the composite anode material created via acid etching reduced silicon expansion during the lithiation/delithiation processes. The void spaces formed in the inner structure of the porous silicon and the presence of carbon increased the electronic conductivity between the silicon particles and, on the other hand, lowered the overall diffusion distance of Li+. This study confirms that TiFeSi2/C prepared with porous silicon dispersed in a transition metal matrix delivers better electrochemical performance compared to micro and nano silicon with a retention of 80.16%.
Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Pelican Optimization Algorithm and Dropout Long Short-Term Memories–Fully Convolutional Neural Network Optimization
Authors: Wang Haonan , Huang Shan , Yin Yue , Gu Tingyun
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of short-term power loads in a power system, this paper proposes a short-term load prediction method (POA-DLSTMs-FCN) based on a combination of multi-layer lost long short-term memory (DLSTM) neural networks, fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) and the pelican optimization algorithm (POA). This method firstly uses DLSTMs to extract the time-series features of the load data, which can effectively capture the dynamic changes in the time series; subsequently, it combines the convolution operation of FCNs to obtain high-resolution information between the load data and the features, which enhances the expressive ability of the model. Through a parallel structure, DLSTMs and FCNs can jointly optimize the information extraction and then construct a more accurate load forecasting model. In addition, the learning rate, the number of hidden neurons and the deactivation probability of the Dropout layer in DLSTMs are optimized by the POA to further enhance the performance of the model. The experimental results show that the proposed optimization method has significant advantages over traditional DLSTMs and FCN-LSTM models in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Matching Electricity Footprint of Commercial Customers to Industry-Specific Profiles for Enhanced Power Management
Authors: Zabkowski Tomasz , Gajowniczek Krzysztof , Brożyna Jacek , Matejko Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a method for assigning the electricity consumption profiles of 10,129 commercial customers in Poland to specific industry profiles. The customer consumption data were compared with eight industry profiles for which the business activities were known. Additionally, a clustering analysis was conducted to identify homogeneous groups among the customers. The aim of this research was to develop a simple yet reliable approach for matching electricity usage patterns with specific profiles while relating them to the overall profile of the Polish power system. This offers valuable insights into how commercial customers utilize electricity and their actual contributions to the system’s peak load, which can further contribute to more efficient energy management and production planning within the Polish power system. Furthermore, the clustering analysis provides a new understanding of consumption patterns, allowing for better predictions of peak load behavior and more refined energy management strategies across sectors.
The Role of Polish Local Ports on the Central Baltic Coast in the Development of Offshore Wind Farms
Authors: Kosek Weronika , Chamier-Gliszczynski Norbert , Woźniak Waldemar , Jachimowski Roland
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the critical role of Polish local ports, particularly those on the Central Baltic coast, in the development of offshore wind farms. The study investigates how offshore wind energy development affects local port infrastructure, logistics, and the broader maritime economy while identifying opportunities and challenges arising from their integration into the offshore wind supply chain. To achieve this, a comprehensive methodological approach was employed, combining qualitive and quantitative analyses. The research utilized statistical data, policy documents, and spatial development plans to evaluate the current state of offshore wind energy projects in Poland. A specific focus was placed on assessing the infrastructure capabilities of local ports, including Kołobrzeg, Darłowo, Ustka, and Łeba, to serve as service hubs for offshore wind farm operations. Criteria such as waterway depth, quay length, storage facilities, and connectivity to transportation networks were analyzed in detail. Additionally, the study highlights the socio-economic benefits these ports can bring to the regions, such as job creation, economic revitalization, and enhanced regional competitiveness. The findings reveal that while these ports possess significant potential, strategic investments and modernization are essential to fully realize their role in supporting offshore wind energy. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, port authorities, and stakeholders to optimize the port’s development as part of Poland’s transition to renewable energy. This study contributes to broader discourse on renewable energy and maritime economic development, offering valuable insights into integrating small port infrastructure into large-scale energy projects.
Enhancements in Hollow Block Technology: Comprehensive Thermal and Mechanical Characterizations
Authors: Dgheim Joseph , Rizk Kevin , Cherif Yassine , Antczak Emmanuel , Farah Elias , El Hajj Nemr
Published: December 2024

This research explores the thermal and mechanical properties enhancement in hollow concrete blocks by incorporating recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) and crumb rubber (CR). Key thermal properties—including average thermal resistance (R¯), average thermal conductivity (λ¯), and average specific heat (Cp¯)—were analyzed, while mechanical properties were evaluated via compressive strength tests. Findings indicate that the addition of EPS and CR significantly improved thermal resistance, with specific heat and compressive strength remaining within acceptable thresholds. The optimal mixture of 35% EPS and 5% rubber by volume led to a remarkable 49.67% increase in thermal resistance compared to standard hollow blocks while still achieving a compressive strength (σ¯) around 7 MPa. These results classify the blocks as non-load-bearing, highlighting their potential for energy-efficient construction using sustainable materials. This research advances sustainable building materials by providing practical solutions to improve building performance in Lebanon.
Optimizing Graphene Oxide Content in Cellulose Matrices: A Comprehensive Review on Enhancing the Structural and Functional Performance of Composites
Authors: Ramezani Ghazaleh , Stiharu Ion , van de Ven Theo G. M. , Nerguizian Vahe
Published: December 2024

The incorporation of graphene into cellulose matrices has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing the structural and functional properties of composite materials. This comprehensive review provides a critical analysis of recent advances in optimizing graphene content in cellulose matrices and its impact on composite performance. Various optimization techniques, including response surface methodology, particle swarm optimization, and artificial neural networks, have been employed to identify optimal graphene concentrations and processing conditions. Quantitative analyses demonstrate significant improvements in mechanical properties, with notable increases in tensile strength and Young’s modulus reported for graphene/microfibrillated cellulose composites. Substantial enhancements in thermal stability have been observed in lysozyme-modified graphene nanoplatelet–cellulose composites. Electrical conductivity has been achieved at low graphene loading levels. Additionally, barrier properties, biocompatibility, and functionality for applications such as energy storage and environmental remediation have been substantially improved. This review explores case studies encompassing the optimization of thermal conductivity, viscosity, durability behaviors, pollutant removal, and various other properties. Despite promising results, challenges remain, including uniform dispersion, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term stability. Strategies such as surface functionalization, solvent selection, and protective coatings are discussed. Future research directions, including novel processing techniques like 3D printing and electrospinning, as well as the incorporation of additional functional materials, are outlined. This review synthesizes current knowledge, identifies emerging trends, and provides a roadmap for future research in the rapidly evolving field of graphene–cellulose composites.
Optimization of Structures and Composite Materials: A Brief Review
Authors: Vieira André Ferreira Costa , Filho Marcos Rogério Tavares , Eguea João Paulo , Ribeiro Marcelo Leite
Published: December 2024

Neural networks (NNs) have revolutionized various fields, including aeronautics where it is applied in computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, load prediction, and structural optimization. Particularly in optimization, neural networks and deep neural networks are extensively employed to enhance the efficiency of genetic algorithms because, with this tool, it is possible to speed up the finite element analysis process, which will also speed up the optimization process. The main objective of this paper is to present how neural networks can help speed up the process of optimizing the geometries and composition of composite structures (dimension, topology, volume fractions, reinforcement architecture, matrix/reinforcement composition, etc.) compared to the traditional optimization methods. This article stands out by showcasing not only studies related to aeronautics but also those in the field of mechanics, emphasizing that the underlying principles are shared and applicable to both domains. The use of NNs as a surrogate model has been demonstrated to be a great tool for the optimization process; some studies have shown that the NNs are accurate in their predictions, with an MSE of 1×10−5 and MAE of 0.007%. It has also been observed that its use helps to reduce optimization time, such as up to a speed 47.5 times faster than a full aeroelastic model.
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Levels in Wastewater During College Football Events Using Cell Phone Data for Population Dynamics
Authors: Rhodes Emily R. , Vogel Jason R. , Lowery Bryce C. , Kyprioti Aikaterini P. , Swayne Madison R. E. , Stevenson Bradley S. , Graves Grant M. , Jeffries Erin R. , Kuhn Katrin
Published: December 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be tracked through wastewater, enabling the prediction of cases by wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). An issue that complicates WBE is that humans are not static, moving in and out of sewer drainage areas throughout the day. During large-scale events (i.e., sports, music, culture), large populations move during a small time frame in certain areas, with some individuals carrying along the virus. To track such human movement anonymously, cell phone location data (using StreetLight®) were used to monitor the flow of populations in and out of the sewershed during football games at the University of Oklahoma for two consecutive seasons (2020–2021). Hourly wastewater samples were taken during gamedays (Saturday to Sunday mornings) and on one control Saturday (no game) for each season, along with controls in the form of composite samples for days surrounding the events. Hourly population data during gamedays allowed for the calculation of viral load per capita, which increased for most games, indicating the existence of incoming infected individuals in the region. This case study aims to help decision makers understand how hosting large-scale events during this and potential future disease outbreaks may impact public health.
Incentive Contract Design for Governmental Forest Ecological Benefit Compensation Under Information Asymmetry
Authors: Du Chuanjia , Wang Chengjun , Yang Yangyang
Published: December 2024

In the process of forest ecological benefit compensation, there are problems of information asymmetry and “misaligned incentives”, which will reduce the compensation efficiency. In order to improve the compensation efficiency, based on principal–agent theory, this study constructs incentive contract models for governmental forest ecological benefit compensation under three different scenarios, namely, information symmetry, single-sided information asymmetry, and double-sided information asymmetry. The study finds that the government can design different incentive contracts to motivate forest farmers with high and low forestry capabilities. And the government’s expected utility is influenced by the proportion of forest farmers with high and low forestry capabilities in reality. Due to the information gap between the government and forest farmers, it is inevitable that high-capability forest farmers will obtain an information rent. Under double-sided information asymmetry, the incentive coefficient for lower-capability forest farmers and their optimal actual public welfare forest conservation area decrease as the proportion of high-capability forest farmers increases. Furthermore, when the proportion of high-capability forest farmers exceeds a certain threshold, signing compensation contracts with low-capability forest farmers can harm the government’s interests. The research conclusions provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate differentiated incentive contracts for forest ecological benefits. This can effectively align forest farmers’ conservation behaviors with the improvement of public forest ecological benefits. As a result, it contributes to improving the efficiency of forest ecological benefit compensation.
Sustainable Microalgal Biomass for Efficient and Scalable Green Energy Solutions: Fueling Tomorrow
Authors: Rathinavel Lavanyasri , Singh Sukhendra , Rai Piyush Kant , Chandra Neha , Jothinathan Deepika , Gaffar Imran , Pandey Ajay Kumar , Choure Kamlesh , Waoo Ashwini A. , Joo Jeong Chan , Pandey Ashutosh
Published: December 2024

The urgent need to address environmental issues associated with the use of conventional fossil fuels has driven the rapid evolution of the global energy landscape. This review explores the background and significance of 3-G biofuel production, emphasizing the shift towards sustainable alternatives amidst escalating greenhouse gas emissions. While various renewable energy sources have gained prominence, biofuels have emerged as a promising solution for the transportation and industrial sectors, particularly from microalgal biomass. The rationale for focusing on microalgal biomass is based on its technical and environmental advantages. Unlike traditional feedstocks, microalgae boast a high lipid content, enhancing biofuel production efficiency. Their rapid growth rates and efficient carbon dioxide sequestration make microalgae frontrunners in scalable and sustainable biofuel production. This review aims to comprehensively analyze recent breakthroughs in 3-G biofuel production from microalgal biomass, filling gaps in the existing literature. The topics covered included species diversity, cultivation techniques, harvesting, pretreatment, lipid extraction methods, and biofuel production pathways. Genetic engineering, downstream processing, energy-efficient practices, and emerging trends, such as artificial intelligence and cross-disciplinary collaboration, will be explored. This study aims to consolidate recent research findings, identify challenges and opportunities, and guide future directions in microalgal biomass-based biofuel production. By synthesizing unpublished research, this review seeks to advance our knowledge and provide insights for researchers to foster sustainable and efficient 3-G biofuel production.
Antinociceptive Potential of Croton Genus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guerrero-Solano José Antonio , Urrutia-Hernández Thania Alejandra , Flores-Bazán Tania , Casco-Gallardo Karina Isabel , Coutiño-Laguna Beatriz del Carmen , Vega-Cabrera Nereida Violeta , Jaramillo-Morales Osmar Antonio
Published: December 2024

The genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae) encompasses numerous species recognized for their diverse medicinal applications, particularly in pain management. This systematic review aims to compile and analyze the scientific evidence on the antinociceptive properties of Croton species. The review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) associated project: osf.io/z4juf. Using the PRISMA methodology, an exhaustive search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published to date. The review includes preclinical studies in animal models that investigate the mechanisms of action and efficacy of Croton extracts and isolated compounds in pain inhibition. The results indicate that 28 Croton species exhibit significant antinociceptive effects, attributed to bioactive compounds such as diterpenes, alkaloids, and flavonoids. These compounds interact with multiple biological pathways, including ion channels, such as TRPV1, K/ATP, and ASIC channels, as well as the inhibition of the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, particularly prostaglandins. This review highlights the potential of Croton as a source of novel analgesic agents and emphasizes the necessity for further clinical studies. Additionally, integrating ethnobotanical and pharmacological knowledge is suggested to develop innovative and effective treatments for pain management.
Route Planning for Flexible Bus Services in Regional Cities and Rural Areas: Combining User Preferences with Spatial Analysis
Authors: Tsigdinos Stefanos , Karolemeas Christos , Siti Maria , Papadaki Kalliopi , Athanasopoulos Konstantinos , Tzouras Panagiotis G.
Published: December 2024

Flexible public transport is defined as a future mobility solution that adapts to user needs and the fluctuating demand patterns that mainly appear in rural areas. However, the temporal variations in traveler preferences for flexible bus services remain largely unexplored in existing research. This constrains the realization of adaptive and customized solutions. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a distinct method for strategic planning of a flexible bus service. To this end, a combinatorial method is undertaken: quantitative social research (questionnaires) and spatial analysis. This combinatorial approach is applied at Korinth and Loutraki in Greece, two significant rural areas neighboring the Athens Metropolitan Area. The results signify that cost and time are the most crucial factors affecting the use of a flexible service. Furthermore, respondents preferred a door-to-door service in the morning and a stop-based service in the afternoon/evening. Concerning route planning, eight routes with different purposes are suggested (e.g., train feeder, touristic, etc.) covering adequately both urban and rural parts of the study area. Notably, the applied methodological approach can be a guideline for planners and policymakers, assisting them in finding effective strategies for introducing flexible public transport in rural areas, especially in contexts where collective transport culture is limited.
North Florida Stakeholder Perspectives: Gaps, Barriers, and Facilitators in the Transportation System
Authors: Jeghers Mary , Winter Sandra , Classen Sherrilene
Published: December 2024

Florida’s population is projected to grow by 8.8 million residents over the next 25 years. This increase places demands on the transportation system, particularly for mobility-vulnerable populations, potentially impacting equitable transportation options and access for all users. Developing transit solutions for mobility-vulnerable populations may enhance economic activity, health, and well-being. Inquiry is needed to explore transportation stakeholders’ strategies and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of the existing transportation system. Therefore, this study examined stakeholders’ views on strategies to address user needs, related challenges, and opportunities while identifying gaps, strengths, weaknesses, and threats relevant to addressing transportation among mobility-vulnerable populations. The team conducted 13 semi-structured interviews with city planners, transportation employees, industry stakeholders, and state representatives. Findings indicate gaps in the transportation system, particularly available funding and limited common goals among stakeholders. Participants emphasized the need for enhanced educational resources and collaboration with community members. They identified strengths like a willingness to pilot innovative transit technologies, weaknesses such as unreliable options, opportunities for innovation, and threats, including COVID-19′s impact on transportation use. Understanding transportation stakeholders’ shared challenges and opportunities is crucial for identifying transit needs and developing strategies to reduce disparities for mobility-vulnerable populations.
Identification of Viral Diseases and Influences on Yield and Quality of Angelica sinensis
Authors: Li Jinjuan , Li Ting
Published: December 2024

Angelica sinensis is a perennial herbaceous species mainly cultivated in the Gansu, Yunnan, and Qinghai provinces of China, and its dried roots have been widely used for nourishing blood and harmonizing vital energy, largely relying on its bioactive compounds (e.g., alkylphthalides, polysaccharides, and flavonoids). In recent years, viral diseases have been suspected to be present in A. sinensis in field cultivation. In order to reveal the infection status and causes, a survey and the identification of viral diseases and their influence on the yield and quality of A. sinensis were conducted in four different counties of Gansu province. The results showed viral disease rates of ca. 21% to 37% for potato virus Y (PVY) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), as well as ca. 2.8- to 8.9-fold decreases in root yield on a unit-area basis; meanwhile, the contents of the main bioactive compounds (i.e., ferulic acid, ligustilide, and polysaccharides) were significantly lower in the virus-infected plants (VIPs) compared with the virus-free plants (VFPs); there were significant positive relationships of the viral disease rate with planting density and expression levels of the PVY-coat protein (CP) and ToMV-CP genes (p < 0.01). The above-mentioned observations indicate that it is necessary and urgent to take measures (e.g., controlling plant density, rational rotation, and using virus-free seedlings) to prevent the spread of plant viruses.
Sustainable Production of Green Oxy-Hydrogen from Vehicles’ Air Conditioning Drains to Enhance Engine Efficiency and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Gerwash Mohamed K. M. , Al-ghonemy Amin M. K. , Omara Mohamed A. , Ahmed Ibrahim L. M. , Saeed Aly , Abdelaziz Gamal B.
Published: December 2024

Innovative and sustainable solutions are increasingly necessary as concerns about fossil fuels’ environmental and economic impacts grow. Accordingly, this study aims to enhance vehicle internal combustion engine efficiency by producing oxy-hydrogen (HHO) from drain water from the vehicle air conditioning system and utilizing it as a secondary fuel. A 1600 cc Daewoo engine equipped with electronic fuel injection was employed as the test subject. Initially, the engine’s performance was evaluated using various gasoline variants, 80, 92, and 95. The 92-octane gasoline demonstrated the highest efficiency, achieving a peak power of 113 kW and torque of 190 Nm. The engine had an 11:1 compression ratio. Then, different flow rates of oxy-hydrogen, 50, 248, 397, and 480 mL/min, generated from the air conditioner drain were combined with 92 fuel. A significant improvement was observed with the increase in the flow rate of oxy-hydrogen gas to the 92 fuel. The results indicated that incorporating 480 mL/min oxy-hydrogen gas into the fuel led to an 8.7% reduction in fuel consumption, 5.5% enhancement in thermal efficiency, and 7.9% in volumetric efficiency. Greenhouse gas emissions reductions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons were recorded as 18%, 9.2%, and 9%, respectively. At the same time, nitrogen oxides increased by 12.5%. Therefore, utilizing a vehicle air conditioner drain water to generate oxy-hydrogen gas fuel in conjunction with 92-octane gasoline is an efficient solution to reduce fuel consumption, enhance energy efficiency, and mitigate the adverse effects of pollution. This approach also contributes to progress towards a more sustainable future.
Transforming Chronic Pain Care Through Telemedicine: An Italian Perspective
Authors: Amato Francesco , Monaco Maria Carmela , Ceniti Silvia
Published: December 2024

Chronic pain (CP) is a complex and debilitating condition that significantly impairs quality of life and imposes a high burden on healthcare systems. This study aims to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on chronic pain management in cancer survivors with complex CP. Our multicenter retrospective investigation of cancer survivors with complex CP included 100 patients (median age 65 years, 62% female). Pain, disability, and self-perceived health status were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the EuroQolfive-dimension five-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. The most common diagnoses were neuropathic pain (54%) and complex chronic pain (32%). Significant clinical improvements were observed after six months of telemedicine intervention (all p < 0.001). NRS scores improved by more than four points in 77% of patients, BPI Worst Pain Scores decreased by four points in 52% and by five points in 28% of patients. All patients’ disability levels improved from severe (median ODI score of 52) to moderate (median ODI score of 30). Self-perceived health status improved from 40 to 60 on the EQ-5D-5L scale. Telemedicine interventions significantly reduced pain intensity, decreased disability levels, and enhanced quality of life in chronic pain patients. These findings underscore the transformative potential of telemedicine in chronic pain management and support its broader integration into medical practice.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of FD Gene Family in Bamboos
Authors: Hou Lihan , Zhang Huiting , Fan Yakun , Zhang Yaling , Zhang Wengen , Yang Guangyao , Guo Chunce , Wang Meixia
Published: December 2024

The regulation of flowering time is a highly coordinative process that involves the interplay of multiple genes. The FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD) gene is one of those important players. In this study, we identified and characterized FD genes in bamboo, a plant with the unique monocarpy flowering phenomenon. An angiosperm-wide FD gene family analysis demonstrated that unlike the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of angiosperms, which had only one FD gene, five FD copies were present in the MRCA of Poaceae, and the same gene copy number was retained in the MRCA of the Bambusoideae subfamily. Further analysis of the Poaceae FD gene family revealed five distinctive clades resulted from four duplication events, with two of these events being specific to the Bambusoideae subfamily. High levels of conservation were observed in the gene structure and amino acid composition of structural domain among the FD genes across bamboos and their close relatives, indicating functional conservation. Furthermore, gene expression profiling indicated that FD gene expression in bamboo closely resemble the expression patterns of their homologs in rice. Additionally, overexpression of two bamboo genes (Phy.ed_05093.t1 and Phy.ed_14669.t1) in Arabidopsis resulted in an early flowering phenotype, demonstrating their involvement in the regulation of the flowering process in plants. Our findings provide a comprehensive resource for understanding the evolution, structure, expression, and function of FD genes in Poaceae and Bambusoideae.
Enhanced Bioactivity of Quercetin–Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives: Effect on Lipophilicity, Enzymes Inhibition, Antioxidant Potential, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Vučkovski Marija , Filipović Ana , Jadranin Milka , Korićanac Lela , Žakula Jelena , Bondžić Bojan P. , Bondžić Aleksandra M.
Published: December 2024

Quercetin, a well-known flavonoid with significant medicinal potential, was derivatized at the C8 position with a tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) moiety, and physicochemical and pharmacological properties, inhibition potential, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of new compounds were evaluated. Physicochemical and pharmacological properties, including lipophilicity, membrane permeability, and P-glycoprotein substrate affinity, were assessed theoretically using the SwissADME software. The metal-chelating ability of the new compounds was evaluated on metal ions Fe2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, whose homeostasis disruption is linked to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Inhibition potential was tested on the cholinergic enzymes acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, as well as Na+, K+-ATPase, an enzyme commonly overexpressed in tumours. Antioxidant potential was assessed using the DPPH assay. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted on healthy MRC-5 cells and three cancer cell lines: HeLa, MDA-231, and MDA-468. The results indicated that derivatization of quercetin with THIQ yielded compounds with lower toxicity, preserved chelating ability, improved antioxidant potential, increased selectivity toward the cholinergic enzyme butyrylcholinesterase, and enhanced inhibition potential toward Na+, K+-ATPase and butyrylcholinesterase compared to quercetin alone. Therefore, the synthesized derivatives represent compounds with an improved profile and could be promising candidates for further optimization in developing drugs for neurodegenerative and cancer diseases.