bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buds of Santonian magmatism associated with Marion hotspot in southern India
Authors: Shaji E. , Santosh M. , Li Shan‐Shan , Manikyamba C. , Tsunogae T. , Dhanil Dev S.G. , Panicker Arathi G. , Dhanakumar Singh Th. , Subramanyam K.S.V.
Published: December 2018

Imprints of Marion hotspot magmatism representing the final stages of rifting between India and Madagascar from the Gondwana assembly occur scattered in several localities of southern India. In this study, we report evidence for rift‐related Santonian magmatism from alkali gabbro in the Madurai Block and present mineralogical, petrological, zircon U–Pb geochronological, and whole‐rock geochemical data on the Mundanmudi gabbroic complex. The rock shows mesocumulate textures with plagioclase laths forming the triple junctions and porphyritic texture with hornblende and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts. Geochemically, the gabbros are characterized by moderate to high SiO2 (50–58 wt.%), alkalies (4.14–7.00 wt.%), and high TiO2 (1.71–4.22 wt.%), with calc‐alkaline to high‐K alkaline affinity. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns are highly fractionated with LREE enrichment relative to HREE and absence of Eu anomalies. The primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns have LILE enrichment relative to HFSE, exhibiting negative anomalies at Nb, Zr, and Ti. The HFSE relationships indicate a within‐plate tectonic setting for the genesis of these gabbros. The major element tectonic discrimination plots suggest MORB‐OFB affinity which is also supported by the Nb–Th relationship endorsing the divergent tectonic processes responsible for the generation of these gabbros. The zircon U–Pb mean age of ca. 85 Ma represents the magmatic emplacement age within a rift‐related tectonic setting during the Santonian (late Cretaceous). Based on the LREE and HREE relationship, it is inferred that the parental magma might have been derived at garnet lherzolite depths above the Marion plume, possibly correlatable with the large igneous province generated at this time in Madagascar. Our study provides new evidence for the final phase of the magmatism at ca. 85 Ma related to India–Madagascar rifting.
Adult type rhabdomyoma presenting as a parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Lee John P. , Blake Sullivan Christopher , Bayon Rodrigo , Shearer A. Eliot , Robinson Robert A.
Published: December 2018

Background

Adult‐type rhabdomyoma (ATR) is a rare mesenchymal tumor of skeletal muscle differentiation. Extracardiac ATR occurs most commonly in the head and neck, but do so in a heterogeneous fashion, arising at numerous different locations within this region.

Methods

At our institution, we encountered a patient who was diagnosed clinically with parathyroid adenoma based on signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidism and suggestive radiologic findings. A parathyroidectomy with intraoperative consultation was performed.

Results

The frozen section diagnosis was ambiguous and a diagnosis of ATR was only made on permanent section.

Conclusion

Awareness of this tumor can prevent incorrect diagnosis and overtreatment intraoperatively. Herein, we describe the clinical history, pathologic findings, and review histologic features of rhabdomyomas.
Patterns of care and survival outcomes for laryngeal small cell cancer
Authors: Lin Alexander J. , Gabani Prashant , Fischer‐Valuck Ben , Rudra Soumon , Gay Hiram , Daly Mackenzie , Oppelt Peter , Jackson Ryan , Rich Jason , Paniello Randal , Zevallos Jose , Adkins Douglas , Thorstad Wade
Published: December 2018

Background

To determine practice patterns and outcomes of laryngeal small cell cancer (LSCC) across the United States.

Methods

Patients with LSCC were identified in the National Cancer Database. Overall survival (OS) was compared with Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression.

Results

From 2004 to 2014, the 5‐year OS for early stage (n = 47), locally advanced stage (n = 133), and metastatic disease (n = 53) was 34%, 26%, and 9%, respectively. Chemoradiation was given in 66% of cases. Chemotherapy was less likely given in early stage disease (P = .001), and definitive radiation was less likely given in metastatic disease (P < .001). Definitive radiation improved median OS in locally advanced LSCC (20 vs. 7 months, log‐rank P = .04). In multivariable modeling, radiation dose ≥40 Gy was associated with better OS (P < .001).

Conclusion

Chemoradiation was the most common practice for treating locally advanced LSCC, and radiation dose ≥40 Gy was associated with improved OS.
Characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma arising in young patients: Particular focus on molecular alteration and tumor immunity
Authors: Ryu Hyang Joo , Kim Eun Kyung , Cho Byoung Chul , Yoon Sun Och
Published: December 2018

Background

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively characterize head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arising in young patients (<45 years old).

Methods

We performed immunohistochemistry, silver, and fluorescence in situ hybridization using samples obtained from 396 radically resected cases among 1787 HNSCCs.

Results

Young age HNSCCs occurred in 10.9% (194/1787) and were most common in the oral tongue (50.5%). They revealed distinctively lower frequency of p16 positivity, high c‐MET expression, MET copy number gain, and lower pan‐Trk expression. PD‐L1 positivity in tumor cells and ICOS+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were higher in the young age. Perineural invasion, PD‐L1 positivity, and higher ratio of CD163+ tumor infiltrating macrophages to CD8 + TILs were determined to be independent factors for poor progression‐free survival.

Conclusion

Characterizing these features of young age HNSCC may help to identify the underlying pathogenesis and to improve patient outcome through different treatment strategies.
Anti‐oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft model
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Yu , Lin Chih‐Kung , Hsieh Cheng‐Chih , Tsao Chang‐Huei , Lin Chun‐Shu , Peng Bo , Chen Yen‐Tzu , Ting Chun‐Chieh , Chang Wei‐Chin , Lin Gu‐Jiun , Sytwu Huey‐Kang , Chen Yuan‐Wu
Published: December 2018

Background

Aberrant expression of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is considered to be a diagnostic and therapeutic target for human cancers. The aim of this study was to assess DcR3 as a target of the anticancer effects of triptolide (TPL) in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

The expression of DcR3 was evaluated through immunohistochemistry, and correlations were examined using clinical variables. The effects of TPL on the expression of DcR3 and cell proliferation were investigated in OSCC cell lines and in PDTX models.

Results

DcR3 overexpression was associated with overall survival and tumor size. TPL significantly decreased tumor growth. Moreover, TPL inhibited the expression of metastasis‐associated protein 1 (MTA1), a transcription factor for DcR3 in vivo, in vitro, and in PDTX models.

Conclusion

TPL appeared to exert anticancer effects by repressing DcR3 and MTA1 in vitro, in vivo, and in PDTX models.
Management of persistent juvenile angiofibroma after endoscopic resection: Analysis of a single institution series of 74 patients
Authors: Schreiber Alberto , Bertazzoni Giacomo , Ferrari Marco , Ravanelli Marco , Rampinelli Vittorio , Mattavelli Davide , El‐Naggar Ahmed , Nicolai Piero
Published: December 2018

Background

Management of persistent juvenile angiofibroma (pJA) after transnasal endoscopic resection is controversial. To better understand its behavior, optimize treatment, and minimize morbidity, we report our experience in pJA focusing on follow‐up strategies and disease progression.

Methods

A retrospective review of clinical records of all JA cases treated with endoscopic surgery at the Unit of Otorhinolaryngology of the University of Brescia between January 1994 and October 2015 was performed.

Results

Seventy‐four cases were included. Mean follow‐up was 113 months (6‐266 months). Evolution of pJA was analyzed in 6 cases. Residual lesion size significantly decreased in 3 cases and 2 lesions did not show size variations; significant growth was detected in 1 case of intentional pJA, with diameter increasing by 2.2 mm/yr.

Conclusions

pJAs may have the tendency to regress spontaneously or remain stable. In selected cases, avoiding treatment of nongrowing pJA in critical areas is a prudent option.
Correlation of focal adhesion kinase expression with nodal metastasis in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Munguía‐Calzada Pablo , Fernández‐Vega Iván , Martínez‐Camblor Pablo , Díaz‐Coto Susana , García‐Pedrero Juana María , Vivanco Blanca , Osuna Cristina Galache , Vazquez‐Lopez Francisco , Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Santos‐Juanes Jorge
Published: December 2018

Background

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cortactin overexpression is frequently detected in a variety of cancers, and has been associated with poor clinical outcome. However, there are no data in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).

Objective

To investigate the relationship of FAK and cortactin expression with the clinicopathologic features and the impact on the prognosis of cSCC patients.

Methods

FAK and cortactin expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin‐embedded tissue samples from 100 patients with cSCC, and correlated with the clinical data.

Results

FAK overexpression was a significant risk factor for nodal metastasis with crude and adjusted ratios (HRs) of 2.04, (95% CI [1.08‐3.86], [P = 0.029]) and 2.23 (95% CI [1.01‐4.91], [P = 0.047]), respectively. Cortactin expression was not a significant risk factor for nodal metastasis.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that FAK overexpression is an independent predictor of nodal metastasis that might be helpful for risk stratification and management of patients with cSCC.
Endoscopic Ultrasound‐Guided Angiotherapy for Gastric Varices: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Khoury Tawfik , Massarwa Muhammad , Daher Saleh , Benson Ariel A. , Hazou Wadi , Israeli Eran , Jacob Harold , Epstein Julia , Safadi Rifaat
Published: December 2018

There are limited efficacious therapeutic options for management of gastric variceal bleeding. Treatment modalities include transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, surgical shunts, and endoscopic interventions, including the recent advancement of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided coiling. We present a case series of 10 patients with portal hypertension (7 with liver cirrhosis and 3 without cirrhosis), complicated by gastric varices (GV) with bleeding. All cases were treated successfully with EUS‐guided coiling leading to variceal eradication. There were 10 occurrences of minimal self‐limited bleeding at the puncture site during the procedure, and only one occurrence of major bleeding that necessitated cyanoacrylate glue injection for homeostasis. There were no other adverse events within a mean follow‐up time of 9.7 months (range, 1‐28 months). Conclusion: In our series, EUS‐guided angiotherapy was effective for GV eradication with a high safety profile.
Water and air dynamics within a deep vadose zone of a karst massif: Observations from the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system (−1,431 m) in Dinaric karst (Croatia)
Authors: Stroj Andrej , Paar Dalibor
Published: December 2018

Extreme heterogeneity of karst systems makes them very challenging to study. Various processes within the system affect its global response, usually measured at karst springs. Research conducted in caves provides a unique opportunity for in situ analysis of separate processes in karst underground. The aim of the present study was to research the water and air dynamics within a deep karst system. Air and water basic physical parameters across the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system (−1,431 m) were continuously monitored during a 1‐year period. Recorded hydrograph of the siphon lake at the bottom of the cave was used to interpret the characteristics of an unexplored phreatic/epiphreatic conduit network. Water origin in the siphon was determined based on temperature and electrical conductivity. Air temperature and humidity monitoring revealed a strong inflow of air of sub‐zero temperature into the upper portion of the cave during winter. Cave passage morphology was interpreted as the main determinant of air dynamics, which caused ice to accumulate extensively in the upper portions of the cave and caused the temperature on the top of the homothermic zone to be significantly below the mean outside temperature. Air dynamics also lowered the temperature of water flowing through the cave vadose zone and feeding the phreatic zone of the massif. The pronounced temperature difference between the phreatic zone and the top of the homothermic zone probably contributed to the thermal gradient observed in the cave, which is steeper than in ice‐free caves in the area. Our results enabled the development of a conceptual model that describes coupling between air and water dynamics in the cave system and its surroundings.
High risk Epstein‐Barr virus variants characterized by distinct polymorphisms in the EBER locus are strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hui Kwai Fung , Chan Tsz Fung , Yang Wanling , Shen Jiangshan Jane , Lam Ki Pui , Kwok Hin , Sham Pak C. , Tsao Sai Wah , Kwong Dora L. , Lung Maria Li , Chiang Alan Kwok Shing
Published: December 2018

Whether certain variants of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are linked to the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which shows a marked geographic restriction, remains an unresolved issue. We performed a case–control study comparing genomic sequences of EBV isolated from saliva samples of 142 population carriers with those from primary tumour biopsies derived from 62 patients with NPC of Hong Kong. Cluster analysis discovered five EBV subgroups 1A‐C and 2A‐B amongst the population carriers in contrast to the predominance of 1A and ‐B in the majority of NPC. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified a panel of NPC‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels in the EBER locus. The most significant polymorphism, which can be found in 96.8% NPC cases and 40.1% population carriers of Hong Kong, is a four‐base‐deletion polymorphism downstream of EBER2 (EBER‐del) from coordinates 7188–7191 (p= 1.91 × 10−7). In addition, the predicted secondary structure of EBER2 is altered with likely functional consequence in nearly all NPC cases. Using the SNPs and indels associated with NPC, genetic risk score is assigned for each EBV variant. EBV variants with high genetic risk score are found to be much more prevalent in Hong Kong Chinese than individuals of other geographic regions and in NPC than other EBV‐associated cancers. We conclude that high risk EBV variants with polymorphisms in the EBER locus, designated as HKNPC‐EBERvar, are strongly associated with NPC. Further investigation of the biological function and potential clinical application of these newly identified polymorphisms in NPC and other EBV‐associated cancers is warranted.
Is the positive predictive value of high‐grade cytology in predicting high‐grade cervical disease falling due to HPV vaccination?
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Winch Karen , Saville Marion , Brotherton Julia M.L.
Published: December 2018

A fall in the positive predictive value (PPV) of cytological predictions of high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesions (HSIL) or adenocarcinoma‐in‐situ (AIS) has been predicted in the post‐HPV vaccination era due to the decrease in underlying prevalence of cervical lesions. Data was extracted from the Victorian Cervical Screening Registry including cervical cytology tests taken between 2000 and 2016 and any subsequent histology performed within 6 months of the cytology. PPV was calculated for each age group (<20, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70+ years) and calendar year. The x2 (chi‐square) test was used to identify significant trends in PPV over time in each age group in both the pre‐vaccination (2000–2006) and the post‐vaccination (2007–2016) periods. The overall PPV of HSIL/AIS cytology in predicting histologically confirmed high grade disease (HGD, HSIL/AIS+) was 75% and this was consistent across the different calendar years. When stratified by age group, there was a decreasing trend in the PPV in women aged <20 years (ptrend = 0.0006) and 20–24 years (ptrend = 0.0004) in the post‐vaccination period but not in the pre‐vaccination period (ptrend = 0.82 and ptrend = 0.73, respectively). No such decline in PPV was noted in either the pre‐vaccination or the post‐vaccination periods for any other age groups except the oldest women, aged 60–69 years and 70+ years. The decline in PPV of HSIL/AIS cytology in predicting HGD in age groups <20 and 20–24 years in the post‐vaccination period could be an impact of the HPV vaccination.
Cancer incidence in Northern Uganda (2013–2016)
Authors: Okongo Francis , Ogwang David Martin , Liu Biying , Maxwell Parkin Donald
Published: December 2018

Gulu Cancer Registry was established in 2014 to assess the incidence and survival of cancer in 4 districts of the Acholi Sub‐region of northern Uganda. Here we report the results of the first 4 years of registration (2013–2016) in this largely rural population of 771,514. In total there were 1627 cases of cancers registered; 644 among men (corresponding to an ASR of 106.7 per 100,000 population) and 983 cancer cases among women (ASR 118.5 per 100,000). The most common cancers were cancers of the cervix and non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma in females, and non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma, Kaposi Sarcoma, prostate and liver cancers in men. Incidence rates of Burkitt lymphoma in children were high in comparison to elsewhere in Africa, whilst the incidence of breast cancer in women was rather low. The figures suggest a rather different pattern from that observed in the metropolitan population of Kampala, where there has been a cancer registry since 1951. This helps to provide a more complete picture of the national cancer profile, permitting more targeted interventions in prevention, early detection and treatment services.
Mothering under political violence: Post‐traumatic symptoms, observed maternal parenting practices and child externalising behaviour
Authors: Zamir Osnat , Gewirtz Abigail H. , Dekel Rachel , Lavi Tamar , Tangir Gali
Published: December 2018

Using the family stress model as our conceptual framework, we explored whether observed maternal parenting practices (positive and coercive) account for the associations between mothers' post‐traumatic stress symptoms and children's externalising behaviours. Mothers' self‐reported post‐traumatic stress symptoms, observed maternal practices, and reports of children's externalising behaviour were collected from 123 Israeli mothers and their children, who were exposed to ongoing rocket attacks in southern Israel. A structural equation model revealed that mothers' post‐traumatic stress symptoms were linked with greater maternal coercive parenting practices, which in turn were associated with more externalising behaviours in children. The study highlights the crucial role of maternal distress and mothers' parenting skills in the development of externalising behaviours in children exposed to chronic political violence. These results suggest that prevention interventions designed to promote parenting skills for mothers exposed to political violence may be beneficial for children's healthy development.
Assessing the Regional Water‐Saving Irrigation Management Level: A Case Study in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Liu Liwen , Zhang Lili , Wang Chunyi , Cui Ningbo , Zhao Lu , Liang Chuan
Published: December 2018

The regional water‐saving irrigation management level (WIML) varies due to the differences in natural conditions and economic levels in different regions, so how to screen reasonable evaluation indexes and build a scientific and comprehensive WIML evaluation model is of great significance. In this paper, we selected 14 indexes (both qualitative and quantitative) from 4 aspects of water‐saving administrative management, engineering management, water use management and operation management to set up an evaluation index system of WIML in 21 cities (states) of Sichuan Province, a large agricultural province in China. The objective weight determined by the entropy weight method and subjective weight determined by the analytic hierarchy process method were combined to judge the relative importance of each index. Furthermore, the set pair analysis method was applied to evaluate WIML in different regions. Results show the overall management level of water‐saving irrigation in Sichuan Province was ‘general’; 43% regions were at the ‘good’ level; 43% of regions were at ‘general’ and ‘poor’ level; 14% of regions were at the ‘poorer’ level. WIML varied in different cities (states), and Sichuan Province had great potential for improvement of WIML. Although the evaluation criterion and method will be further improved in other regions or in the future, the study provided the theory foundation for improving the water‐saving irrigation management level in Sichuan Province. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic steam‐gasification of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Zhou Liang , Yang Zhiyong , Tang Anjiang , Huang Hongsheng , Lu Wei
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

The depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing demands for clean energy, make biomass energy a promising sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Biomass gasification is a promising pathway for producing gas and other valuable products using biomass materials (wood residue, agricultural waste, bagasse, etc.).

RESULTS

The tar cracking and char conversion increased slowly at lower temperatures (750–800 °C) and rapidly at higher temperatures (800–900 °C). The results also indicated that a reduction in the biomass particle size leads to a slight improvement in the gasification characterstics. With increasing steam–biomass ratio, gas yield increased while the yield of tar and char showed an opposite trend.

CONCLUSION

Increasing temperature and steam introduction significantly promoted tar destruction and gas production. In terms of catalytic activity, both catalysts showed good performance regarding the destruction of tars but dolomite was more active than olivine. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Economic and environmental sustainability of low‐carbon power generation: relevancy in the Malaysia Green Technology Master Plan (GTMP)
Authors: Abdul Manaf Norhuda , Abbas Ali
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

The Malaysia Green Technology Master Plan (GTMP) is a systematic framework and planning initiative to mitigate national CO2 footprints by targeting several sectors which include power generation (energy sector). Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze economic and environmental sustainability (via techno‐economic analysis) of CO2 mitigation technology (i.e. postcombustion CO2 capture system, PCC) that can be employed by the energy sector as a way forward for low‐carbon power generation.

RESULTS

The analysis was performed by using a previously developed hybrid mixed integer nonlinear programming and model predictive control (MINLP‐MPC) algorithm. Based on the simulation results, operation of coal‐fired power plant associated with PCC plant under fixed forecast conditions (year 2020) would be capable of delivering substantial net operating revenue, subject to carbon taxes at US$7, 10 and 14 t–1 CO2 (scenarios 1–3), with the highest revenue gained from Scenario 1 (US$7 t–1 CO2) of US$601 million yr–1. Contrariwise, PCC plant operated at minimum efficiency by only capturing c.24% from the total CO2 emissions (under three carbon tax prices), illustrating the ineffectiveness of this plant for promoting national environmental sustainability.

CONCLUSION

The big trade‐off between economic and environmental sustainability found in this study demonstrates the impracticality of PCC technology as a mitigation measure in pursuing low‐carbon power generation as part of Malaysia's GTMP. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
TP53 somatic mutations are associated with somatic mitogenome substitutions but not indels in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Skonieczna Katarzyna , Jawień Arkadiusz , Marszałek Andrzej , Grzybowski Tomasz
Published: December 2018

Background

p53 is a tumour suppressor protein that is involved in many cancer‐related processes. Growing evidence suggests that p53 also plays an important role in mitochondrial (mtDNA) maintenance. Somatic mitogenome mutations are frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CC) cells. Thus, it was important to determine whether somatic mtDNA changes are associated with TP53 mutational status.

Methods

In the present study, we analysed the TP53 gene in 67 CC patients, for whom mitogenome haplotypes were previously described. In total, 134 TP53 sequences (of cancer and matched normal specimens) were determined using the dideoxy method.

Results

Nine hereditary polymorphisms in the TP53 gene were detected in normal colon cells. None of them (neither alleles, nor genotypes) was associated with somatic mitogenome mutations in CC cells. Moreover, 42 somatic TP53 mutations were found in approximately 36% of CC tissues. These somatic changes were significantly more frequent in CC cells with somatic mtDNA mutations (p = 0.0069). Furthermore, we show that only mitochondrial somatic substitutions (p = 0.0017), but not indels (p > 0.05), were associated with somatic TP53 mutations.

Conclusions

The results of the present study suggest that changes in TP53 may modify p53 properties, which may result in the accumulation of somatic substitutions in CC mitogenomes.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of Several Fasudil Analogues
Authors: Li Hang , Zhou Xueyong , Ye Hang , Sun Xi , Zhang Pingping
Published: December 2018

In our previous work, (S)‐6H‐1‐(5‐isoquinolinesulfonyl)‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐1‐pyrrolidine and (S)‐6H‐1‐(5‐isoquinolinesulfonyl)‐2‐chloromethyl‐1‐pyrrolidine displayed potent inhibitory activity. Therefore, with these two substances as lead compounds, we designed and synthesized their enantiomers to reveal the inhibitory effects of chirality on Rho kinase. It is found that their enantiomers exhibited much better Rho kinase inhibitory activity and strongly promoted synapse formation. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a murine autoimmune disease used to study multiple sclerosis. With added antigens, the changes from C57BL/6 mice's limbs and tail was observed and scored by clinical evaluation. The synthetic compounds may simultaneously reduce symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inhibit inflammatory infiltration of the central nervous system. Thus, these compounds may be potential candidates for inhibition of Rho kinase and should be considered for further experimental study in relation to multiple sclerosis.
Leader‐signaled knowledge hiding: Effects on employees' job attitudes and empowerment
Authors: Offergelt Florian , Spörrle Matthias , Moser Klaus , Shaw Jason D.
Published: December 2018

The authors introduce the concept of leader‐signaled knowledge hiding (LSKH) and conduct two studies observing what happens when leaders signal employees that knowledge hiding (KH) is practiced, tolerated, and expected. Social learning theory provides the basis for predicting that LSKH encourages subordinates to hide knowledge, even though they suffer from negative job attitudes in reaction. In Study 1, data measured at two time points (N = 1,162) shows that LSKH positively predicts KH among subordinates. The KH dimensions of evasive hiding and playing dumb (but not rationalized hiding) negatively relate to job satisfaction and positively affect turnover intentions. Study 2 (N = 1,169) replicates these results with cross‐sectional data. Moreover, Study 2 demonstrates that evasive hiding and playing dumb negatively affect empowerment, whereas rationalized hiding has a positive effect. Both studies reveal that subordinates will show less KH when they work under leaders who avoid LSKH and in turn have more job satisfaction, feel more empowered, and harbor fewer turnover intentions. The results in this study provide important practical implications for knowledge management activities.
Characterization of 20th century art materials from the Lasar Segall Museum
Authors: Mendes Isolda de Castro , dos Santos Oliveira Juliana Alves , Dantas Maria Sylvia Silva
Published: December 2018

This article describes the first results of a study of the collection of art materials, painted works, and techniques, belonging to the Lasar Segall Museum in Brazil, using materials and documents of the early 20th century. The paint materials from the museum's collection consist of over a hundred glass vases, tubes, and packets containing powdered pigments, inks, oils, and varnishes. Powdered and dried ink (labeled “ink for posters”) samples were analyzed using confocal Raman microscopy spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, and X‐ray diffraction. The artist's palette chromophores such as ultramarine, cobalt and Prussian blue, goethite, hematite, and magnetite from natural ochres, lead basic carbonate, lead carbonate, anatase, zinc carbonate hydroxide, zinc oxide, lead chromate, carbon, cadmium sulfide, copper acetate arsenite, verditer, celadonite, serrabrancaite, vermilion, PY1, PY3, PR3, and PO5 were identified mainly by Raman spectroscopy. The color palette found in paintings from 1919 is closely related to the characterized pigments from the museum. Nevertheless, the violets found are not mineral in nature but organic. The descriptions of the results for each sample and painting were made available to the museum to assist in future conservation, dating, and authentication procedures of the works.
Assessment of rip lines using CAESAR‐Lisflood on a trial landform at the Ranger Uranium Mine
Authors: Saynor Mike J. , Lowry John B.C. , Boyden James M.
Published: December 2018

The Ranger Mine in the Northern Territory of Australia is to be rehabilitated by 2026. The rehabilitated landform will require some form of erosion control, or surface amelioration to reduce water and sediment leaving the landform. One method of surface amelioration is the construction of rip lines. Rip lines have been used in both mining and agricultural environments to reduce surface water velocity, trap fine sediment and nutrients, and reduce erosion from the landform. However, there is little quantitative information on the extent to which rip lines influence erosion. In a desktop study using the CAESAR‐Lisflood landform evolution model, we assessed the effectiveness of rip lines by simulating the evolution of both ripped and nonripped surfaces on a range of slopes from 2% to 12% for simulated periods of up to 50 years.

We found that rip lines are most effective at controlling erosion on slopes of up to 4%. However, this study also demonstrated that as slope increases, rip lines become less effective over time. These results, in the context of the proposed rehabilitated landform for Ranger Mine, on which the majority of slopes will be between 2% and 4%, indicate that rip lines would be an effective way of mitigating soil loss and sediment transport. Furthermore, model simulations of ripped surfaces show that the structure of the rip lines break down over time, with the rip line depressions infilling and the peaks being eroded, lowered, or reduced in height. This finding is important because it demonstrates that rip lines will not exist in perpetuity in the landscape and long‐term erosion control plans cannot be based on their existence.
Microglial cell activation and senescence are characteristic of the pathology FXTAS
Authors: Martínez Cerdeño Verónica , Hong Tiffany , Amina Sarwat , Lechpammer Mirna , Ariza Jeanelle , Tassone Flora , Noctor Stephen C. , Hagerman Paul , Hagerman Randi
Published: December 2018

Background

Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late‐onset neurodegenerative disorder associated with premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene. Expansions of more than 200 CGG repeats give rise to fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited form of cognitive impairment. Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is characterized by cerebellar tremor and ataxia, and the presence of ubiquitin‐positive inclusions in neurons and astrocytes. It has been previously suggested that fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is associated with an inflammatory state based on signs of oxidative stress–mediated damage and iron deposition.

Objective

Determine whether the pathology of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome involves microglial activation and an inflammatory state.

Methods

Using ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and cluster differentiation 68 antibodies to label microglia, we examined the number and state of activation of microglial cells in the putamen of 13 fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and 9 control postmortem cases.

Results

Nearly half of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases (6 of 13) presented with dystrophic senescent microglial cells. In the remaining fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases (7 of 13), the number of microglial cells and their activation state were increased compared to controls.

Conclusions

The presence of senescent microglial cells in half of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases suggests that this indicator could be used, together with the presence of intranuclear inclusions and the presence of iron deposits, as a biomarker to aid in the postmortem diagnosis of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. An increased number and activation indicate that microglial cells play a role in the inflammatory state present in the fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome brain. Anti‐inflammatory treatment of patients with fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome may be indicated to slow neurodegeneration. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging investigation of basal forebrain damage and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gargouri Fatma , Gallea Cécile , Mongin Marie , Pyatigorskaya Nadya , Valabregue Romain , Ewenczyk Claire , Sarazin Marie , Yahia‐Cherif Lydia , Vidailhet Marie , Lehéricy Stéphane
Published: December 2018

Background

Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) may result from damage in the cortex as well as in the dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic inputs to the cortex. Cholinergic inputs to the cortex mainly originate from the basal forebrain and are clustered in several regions, called Ch1 to Ch4, that project to the hippocampus (Ch1‐2), the olfactory bulb (Ch3), and the cortex and amygdala (Ch4).

Objective

We investigated changes in basal forebrain and their role in cognitive deficits in PD.

Methods

We studied 52 nondemented patients with PD (Hoehn & Yahr 1‐2) and 25 age‐matched healthy controls using diffusion and resting state functional MRI.

Results

PD patients had a loss of structural integrity within the Ch1‐2 and Ch3‐4 nuclei of the basal forebrain as well as in the fornix. Tractography showed that the probability of anatomical connection was decreased in PD between Ch3‐4 and the associative prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, and peri‐insular regions. There was a reduction in functional connectivity between Ch1‐2 and the bilateral hippocampi and parahippocampal gyri, the left middle and superior temporal gyri, and the left fusiform gyrus and between Ch3‐4 and the right inferior frontal gyrus and the right and left thalamus. In Ch1‐2, loss of structural integrity and connectivity correlated with scores at the memory tests, whereas changes in Ch3‐4 correlated with scores of global cognition and executive functions.

Conclusion

This study highlights the association between deficits of different cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain and the extent of cognitive impairments in nondemented PD patients. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Nevada Medicaid halting provider enrollment to consider certification needs
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2018

Observing the need to curb fraud and abuse within the state's Medicaid program, Nevada officials Nov. 16 released an urgent notice to behavioral health providers informing them that they are imposing a temporary moratorium on new enrollments for two provider types: qualified mental health associates (QMHAs) and qualified behavioral aides (QBAs).
Characterisation of multiple conducting permeable objects in metal detection by polarizability tensors
Authors: Ledger P.D. , Lionheart W.R.B. , Amad A.A.S.
Published: December 2018

Realistic applications in metal detection involve multiple inhomogeneous‐conducting permeable objects, and the aim of this paper is to characterise such objects by polarizability tensors. We show that, for the eddy current model, the leading order terms for the perturbation in the magnetic field, due to the presence of N small conducting permeable homogeneous inclusions, comprises of a sum of N terms with each containing a complex symmetric rank 2 polarizability tensor. Each tensor contains information about the shape and material properties of one of the objects and is independent of its position. The asymptotic expansion we obtain extends a previously known result for a single isolated object and applies in situations where the object sizes are small and the objects are sufficiently well separated. We also obtain a second expansion that describes the perturbed magnetic field for inhomogeneous and closely spaced objects, which again characterises the objects by a complex symmetric rank 2 tensor. The tensor's coefficients can be computed by solving a vector valued transmission problem, and we include numerical examples to illustrate the agreement between the asymptotic formula describing the perturbed fields and the numerical prediction. We also include algorithms for the localisation and identification of multiple inhomogeneous objects.
New decay results in linear thermoelastodynamics
Authors: Passarella Francesca , Tibullo Vincenzo
Published: December 2018

This paper is concerned with the linear theory of thermoelastodynamics for the class of homogeneous and isotropic media with a semi‐strongly elliptic elasticity tensor. For this class of materials, some results about the spatial behavior of solutions for the initial‐boundary value problem are obtained by using an appropriate family of surface integral measures.
On nonlinear bivariate singular integral operators
Authors: Uysal Gümrah
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we give some pointwise convergence and Fatou type convergence theorems for a family of nonlinear bivariate
singular integral operators in the following form:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5425:mma5425-math-0006
where m1,m2  ≥  1 are fixed natural numbers,
and ω  ∈  Ω, Ω denotes a nonempty set of indices endowed with a topology. Here,
denotes a family of kernel functions and f belongs to the space of Lebesgue integrable functions
. Some numerical examples and graphical illustrations supporting the results are also given.
SUSAN: segment unannotated image structure using adversarial network
Authors: Liu Fang
Published: December 2018

Purpose

To describe and evaluate a segmentation method using joint adversarial and segmentation convolutional neural network to achieve accurate segmentation using unannotated MR image datasets.

Theory and Methods

A segmentation pipeline was built using joint adversarial and segmentation network. A convolutional neural network technique called cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) was applied as the core of the method to perform unpaired image‐to‐image translation between different MR image datasets. A joint segmentation network was incorporated into the adversarial network to obtain additional functionality for semantic segmentation. The fully automated segmentation method termed as SUSAN was tested for segmenting bone and cartilage on 2 clinical knee MR image datasets using images and annotated segmentation masks from an online publicly available knee MR image dataset. The segmentation results were compared using quantitative segmentation metrics with the results from a supervised U‐Net segmentation method and 2 registration methods. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to evaluate the value difference of quantitative metrics between different methods.

Results

The proposed method SUSAN provided high segmentation accuracy with results comparable to the supervised U‐Net segmentation method (most quantitative metrics having P > 0.05) and significantly better than a multiatlas registration method (all quantitative metrics having P < 0.001) and a direct registration method (all quantitative metrics having P< 0.0001) for the clinical knee image datasets. SUSAN also demonstrated the applicability for segmenting knee MR images with different tissue contrasts.

Conclusion

SUSAN performed rapid and accurate tissue segmentation for multiple MR image datasets without the need for sequence specific segmentation annotation. The joint adversarial and segmentation network and training strategy have promising potential applications in medical image segmentation.
Snorkeling-Based Fish Stock Assessment by Anglers—A Valuable Method for Managing Recreational Fisheries
Authors: Pinter Kurt , Lautsch Erwin , Unfer Günther , Hayes Daniel S.
Published: December 2018

Periodic assessment of harvested fish populations is essential for their sustainable management. A potential alternative to costly and resource-intensive electrofishing estimates in clearwater streams is the noninvasive snorkeling method. To assess the utility of snorkeling for the angling community, we compared underwater fish counts carried out by novice snorkelers to state-of-the-art electrofishing depletion estimates. Over two consecutive years, we sampled subadult and adult Brown Trout Salmo trutta and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with both methods in a fourth-order mountain stream. In each year, a new team of novice snorkelers collected the data. In total, 12 riffle, pool, and run habitats were sampled, and the homogeneity of abundance and size-class distribution between the two methods was analyzed. Over both years, we could detect differences in 6 of 24 habitat × species configurations and in 10 of 72 habitat × species × size-class configurations. Species-specific behavioral traits and differences in the physical character of the habitats were responsible for a divergence in performance between the two methods. Overall, the observed effects were statistically interpreted as weak, as shown by local tests and the indicated low effect sizes. Snorkeling efficiency, however, remained affected by the effort and abilities of the team, as indicated by the year-by-year comparison. We conclude that in clearwater trout streams, snorkeling can be an appropriate substitute method for the widespread, autonomously organized angling community to gather data and build a sound foundation for fisheries-related decision making, if limitations are considered.
Balancing everyday life—Patients’ experiences before, during and four months after kidney transplantation
Authors: Nielsen Charlotte , Clemensen Jane , Bistrup Claus , Agerskov Hanne
Published: December 2018

Aim

To explore patients’ experiences before, during and four months after kidney transplantation as a coherent process.

Design

A qualitative explorative study with a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach.

Methods

Participant observations and semi‐structured interviews were used complementary. In total, 18 kidney recipients were included. Data were analysed in accordance with Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion.

Results

Three themes emerged: waiting time and hope during everyday life, transformation during the kidney transplantation process and towards a new everyday life with positive prospects. Going through the kidney transplantation process was challenging for the patients. Everyday life was affected through the process, and the patients had to balance the associated challenges like hope, positive prospects and health‐related issues.
Barium titanate‐based nanodielectrics of two chemically recyclable thermosets
Authors: Bello Roger H , Priebe Jacks P , Coelho Luiz AF
Published: December 2018

In this work was investigated the effect of the addition of barium titanate (BaTiO3) on electrical properties of two chemically recyclable thermosets, polyhemiaminal (PHA) and polyhexahydro‐s‐triazine (PHT), both fabricated from 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA), an ether derivative of aniline and paraformaldehyde. Thermal and mechanical properties as well as chemical recyclability of the two polymers and their nanocomposites/nanodielectrics were also investigated. In addition, a quantitative analysis was conducted of the nanoparticle dispersion in the PHA‐/PHT‐based BaTiO3‐containing nanocomposites using transmission electron microscopy imaging and the nearest‐neighbor distance index and this index was used to analyze the investigated properties in connection with the proper mechanisms. Regarding the electrical properties for both neat polymers, conductivity values of the order of 10−8 S m−1 at 100 Hz were observed and dielectric constant values close to 2.80 for both polymers at 1 kHz. The addition of 0.5 wt% of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles increased by about 44% the dielectric constant (1 kHz) and conductivity (102 Hz) of the PHA‐based nanocomposite. PHA and PHT exhibited glass transition temperature (Tg) values in the range 125–180 °C. An increase of 7 °C in Tg was observed after the incorporation of 0.5 wt% of BaTiO3 into PHA. Concerning the mechanical properties, values in the range 4.00–4.45 GPa for reduced modulus and 0.30–0.43 GPa for nanohardness for PHA and PHT polymers were observed. Independently of filler content or polymer matrix, both mechanical properties were enhanced after the addition of BaTiO3. The chemical recycling of PHA/PHT and all nanocomposites in the initial ODA reagent after sulfuric acid treatment was successfully characterized using the NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Lattice‐matched four‐junction tandem solar cell including two dilute nitride bottom junctions
Authors: Aho Arto , Isoaho Riku , Hytönen Lauri , Aho Timo , Raappana Marianna , Polojärvi Ville , Tukiainen Antti , Reuna Jarno , Mäkelä Severi , Guina Mircea
Published: December 2018

Monolithic four‐junction solar cells incorporating two dilute nitride (GaInNAsSb) bottom junctions are reported. The dilute nitride junctions have band gaps of 0.9 and 1.2 eV, while the top junctions have band gaps of 1.4 and 1.9 eV. By using experimental‐based parametrization, it was estimated that the four‐junction solar cell could theoretically exhibit efficiency levels of 34.7% at one sun, 43.2% at 100 suns, and 46.4% at 1000 suns for AM1.5D illumination. The most challenging subcell in terms of fabrication is the GaInNAsSb bottom junction with 0.9 eV band gap. For this subcell, a background doping level down to 5 × 1014 cm−3 and a high charge carrier lifetime up to 2 to 4 nanoseconds are reported, which reflects high values for current and voltage. An experimental AlGaAs/GaAs/GaInNAsSb/GaInNAsSb solar cell structure was fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. At one‐sun AM1.5D illumination, the experimental cell exhibited an efficiency of 25%, an average quantum efficiency of 91%, and an open circuit voltage, which is about 87% of the estimated potential. The cell exhibited maximum efficiency of 37% at 100‐sun concentration.