bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between HLA–DPB1 and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis in Children
Authors: Gibson Kristen M. , Drögemöller Britt I. , Foell Dirk , Benseler Susanne M. , Graham Jinko , Hancock Robert E. W. , Luqmani Raashid A. , Cabral David A. , Brown Kelly L. , Ross Colin J. ,   the PedVas Investigator's Network
Published: December 2022

Objective

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare, life‐threatening inflammation of blood vessels that can affect both adults and children. Compared to adult‐onset disease, AAV is especially rare in children, with an annual prevalence of 0.5–6.4 cases per million children. The etiology of AAV remains largely unknown, and both environmental and genetic factors are likely involved. The present study was undertaken to explore the genetic susceptibility factors recently identified in adult patients, including HLA–DP and HLA–DQ, in pediatric patients.

Methods

We performed a genome‐wide association study of pediatric AAV in patients of European ancestry (n = 63 AAV cases, n = 315 population‐matched controls).

Results

We identified a significant genetic association between pediatric AAV and the HLA–DPB1*04:01 allele (P = 1.5 × 10−8, odds ratio [OR] 3.5), with a stronger association observed in children with proteinase 3–ANCA positivity than in children with myeloperoxidase−ANCA positivity. Among the HLA alleles, the HLA–DPB1*04:01 allele was the most highly associated with AAV, although not significantly, in a follow‐up adult AAV cohort (P = 2.6 × 10−4, OR 0.4). T cell receptor and interferon signaling pathways were also shown to be enriched in the pediatric AAV cohort.

Conclusion

The HLA–DPB1 locus showed an association with pediatric AAV, as similarly shown previously in adult AAV. Despite the difference in the age of onset, these findings suggest that childhood‐ and adult‐onset vasculitis share a common genetic predisposition. The identification of genetic variants contributing to AAV is an important step to improved classification tools and treatment strategies.
Protein Profiling in Presymptomatic Individuals Separates Myeloperoxidase–Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody and Proteinase 3–Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Vasculitides
Authors: Brink Mikael , Berglin Ewa , Mohammad Aladdin J. , Lundquist Anders , Gjertsson Inger , Alexeyenko Andrey , Lejon Kristina , Rantapää‐Dahlqvist Solbritt
Published: December 2022

Objective

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) is a chronic relapsing condition with unknown etiology. To gain insight into the molecular processes underlying the disease, we examined biomarkers in blood samples collected prior to symptom onset.

Methods

The National Patient Register and Cause of Death register were searched for AAV‐related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision codes and linked to the registers from 5 biobanks. Eighty‐five AAV patients with samples predating symptom onset of AAV were identified. For each case of AAV, 2 matched controls were included. Proteinase 3 (PR3)–ANCA and myeloperoxidase (MPO)–ANCA expression levels were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Using an Olink Inflammation panel, 73 of 92 proteins were included after quality control. Data were replicated in a second cohort of 48 presymptomatic individuals and 96 controls.

Results

Of the 20 proteins with the lowest P values in the original cohort, 7 were replicated in the second cohort and 5 proteins were found to be significant between the groups in a meta‐analysis. Eleven different pathways were identified in network enrichment analyses and were found to be significant in both cohorts. Stratification of samples obtained ≤5 years before symptom onset showed significant levels of CCL23, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and hepatocyte growth factor, which were also increased at borderline significant levels in the replication cohort (interleukin‐6 was found to be significantly increased in the replication cohort). In presymptomatic AAV patients, 6 proteins were associated with MPO‐ANCA positivity, and 7 proteins were associated with PR3‐ANCA positivity.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify protein markers preceding symptom onset in AAV patients. These findings set the stage for further research into the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AAV and the diversification of patients into PR3‐ANCA+ and MPO‐ANCA+ subphenotypes.

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[13C+D] Double Labeling with Calcium Carbide: Incorporation of Two Labels in One Step
Authors: Gyrdymova Yulia V. , Samoylenko Dmitriy E. , Rodygin Konstantin S.
Published: December 2022

D‐labeling is a valuable tool in advanced synthetic chemistry and pharmacy. However, D‐incorporation significantly complicates the identification of products. In fact, D labels are invisible in 1H‐NMR spectra and cause undesirable splitting in 13C‐NMR spectra which decreases the detectable limits. At the same time, 2H‐NMR spectra are not effective for precise identification due to low sensitivity and the absence of correlations with 1H atoms. Here, 13C‐label was considered as an accompanying label for D‐label in [13C+D] unit for identification of D‐containing sites and to track D‐labels. [13C+D]‐doubly labeled vinyl derivatives and triazoles were synthesized using 13C‐labeled calcium carbide as a source of 13C‐label and deuterium oxide as a source of D‐label. The reaction occurred in one‐step manner accompanied with in situ doubly labeled acetylene formation. Non‐labeled, mono‐labeled and doubly labeled substrates were isolated in 25–80% yields.
Two‐phase classification: ANN and A‐SVM classifiers on motor imagery BCI
Authors: A Mary Judith , S Baghavathi Priya , Mahendran Rakesh Kumar , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy , Ambati Loknath Sai
Published: December 2022

Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Electroencephalograms (EEG) monitor mental activity with the ultimate objective of allowing people to communicate with computers only via their thoughts. Users must create precise cerebral activity patterns that the system uses as control signals to do this. A common activity used to elicit such signals is Motor Imagery (MI), in which certain signals are created in the sensorimotor cortex while imagining the movements. The three phases of the traditional EEG–BCI processing pipeline are preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. We provide categorization advances and track performance gains in 4‐class MI‐based BCIs. In this study, 4‐class MI events are produced via an illusory elevation of the left hand, right hand, feet, and tongue. Finally, a two‐phase classification technique is provided with ANN classifiers being used in the first phase to discriminate between different pair‐wise MI tasks. Secondly, an adaptive SVM classifier is used to assess the user's end task based on the weighted outputs of the classifiers. An adaptive classifier is one technique to maintain consistency in performance, reduce training time, and eliminate non‐stationaries, all of which are required for efficient BCI performance. The suggested approach outperformed conventional two‐stage classification algorithms on MI data, according to experimental findings. The average classification accuracy of this technique is 96% for datasets BCI competition IV 2a. This is a 4% improvement over the comparison approach.
Focal adhesion alterations in G0‐positive melanoma cells
Authors: Esimbekova Alexandra R. , Palkina Nadezhda V. , Zinchenko Ivan S. , Belenyuk Vasiliy D. , Savchenko Andrey A. , Sergeeva Ekaterina Yu , Ruksha Tatiana G.
Published: December 2022

Background

Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor that exhibits various forms of drug resistance. Recently, reversal transition of cancer cells to the G0 phase of the cell cycle under the influence of therapeutic drugs has been identified as an event associated with tumor dissemination. In the present study, we investigated the ability of chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine to induce a transition of melanoma cells to the G0 phase as a mechanism of chemoresistance.

Methods

We used the flow cytometry to analyze cell distribution within cell cycle phases after dacarbazine treatment as well as to identifyG0‐positive cells population. Transcriptome profiling was provided to determine genes associated with dacarbazine resistance. We evaluated the activity of β‐galactosidase in cells treated with dacarbazine by substrate hydrolysis. Cell adhesion strength was measured by centrifugal assay application with subsequent staining of adhesive cells with Ki‐67 monoclonal antibodies. Ability of melanoma cells to metabolize dacarbazine was determined by expressional analysis of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 followed by CYP1A1 protein level evaluation by the ELISA method.

Results

The present study determined that dacarbazine treatment of melanoma cells could induce an increase in the percentage of cells in G0 phase without alterations of β‐galactosidase positive cells which corresponded to the fraction of the senescent cells. Transcriptomic profiling of cells under dacarbazine induction of G0‐positive cells percentage revealed that ‘VEGFA‐VEGFR2 signaling pathway’ and ‘Cell cycle’ signaling were mostly enriched by dysregulated genes. ‘Focal adhesion’ signaling was also found to be triggered by dacarbazine. In melanoma cells treated with dacarbazine, an increase in G0‐positive cells among adherent cells was found.

Conclusions

Dacarbazine induces the alteration in a percentage of melanoma cells residing in G0 phase of a cell cycle. The altered adhesive phenotype of cancer cells under transition in the G0 phase may refer to a specific intercellular communication pattern of quiescent/senescent cancer cells.
Diversity in Phytochemical Composition and Medicinal Value of Murraya paniculata
Authors: Rehman Rafia , Anila  , Muzaffar Rabeea , Arshad Fahim , Hussain Riaz , Altaf Ataf Ali
Published: December 2022

Murraya paniculata is herbal medicinal plant which is traditionally being used for management of cardiovascular, intestinal and respiratory (air way) disorders. This evergreen plant of tropical regions is a member of Rutaceace family. The goal of this review is to analyze and report the biological activities and active phytochemicals reported from Murraya paniculata (M. paniculata) extracts and essential oil. The data was searched using different search engines and using specific key words including M. paniculata, herbal medicine, phytochemicals, extract, essential oil, pharmacological activities. M. paniculata has been found to have wide range of pharmacological activities, including antinociceptive, antianxiety, antioxidant, antidepressant, antibacterial, analgesic and anti‐diabetic properties. A diverse range of phytochemicals, including phenols, coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids have been isolated from various portions of the plant and tested for a variety of biological activities. This review will provide more information and stimulate additional research to develop more effective and cost‐efficient alternative medicine from this plant.
Co‐Cultivation of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei Enables Efficient Production of Enzymes for the Hydrolysis of Wheat Bran
Authors: Mittermeier Fabian , Hafner Nathalie , XypoliaVasila Konstantina , Weuster‐Botz Dirk
Published: December 2022

Agro‐residues like wheat bran may be a useful carbon source for fermentation processes. However, due to their composition, hydrolysis appears complex. A co‐cultivation process was established with the two fungi A. niger and T. reesei for the production of an adapted mixture of enzymes for hydrolysis. This enzyme solution reached a higher space‐time yield of sugars during the hydrolysis of wheat bran compared to enzymes from respective monocultures, demonstrating the potential of this co‐culture for the production of complementary enzyme mixtures for the hydrolysis of wheat bran.
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signalling: targeted therapy in neurogenic tumours
Authors: Li Yuehua , Wei Chengjiang , Wang Wei , Li Qingfeng , Wang Zhi‐Chao
Published: December 2022

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), a transmembrane receptor protein, has been found to play a pivotal role in neural development. This protein is encoded by the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (NTRK2) gene, and its abnormal activation caused by NTRK2 overexpression or fusion can contribute to tumour initiation, progression, and resistance to therapeutics in multiple types of neurogenic tumours. Targeted therapies for this mechanism have been designed and developed in preclinical and clinical studies, including selective TrkB inhibitors and pan‐TRK inhibitors. This review describes the gene structure, biological function, abnormal TrkB activation mechanism, and current‐related targeted therapies in neurogenic tumours.
Children and caregiver proxy quality of life from peanut oral immunotherapy trials
Authors: Galvin Audrey Dunn , Vereda Andrea , Rodríguez del Río Pablo , Muraro Antonella , Jones Carla , Ryan Robert , Norval David , Jobrack Jennifer , Anagnostou Aikaterini , Wang Julie
Published: December 2022

Background

Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is significantly and substantially reduced in individuals with peanut allergy due to many factors associated with unanticipated or potentially fatal reactions. Further insight on the impact of peanut oral immunotherapy in managing peanut allergy on HRQoL is needed. The aim of this analysis was to assess effects of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder‐dnfp (PTAH), a biologic drug for peanut oral immunotherapy, on HRQoL from three phase 3 and two follow‐on trials of PTAH.

Methods

HRQoL assessments from participants aged 4–17 in the PALISADE (ARC003), ARC004 (PALISADE follow‐on), ARTEMIS (ARC010), RAMSES (ARC007), and ARC011 (RAMSES follow‐on) trials were included in this analysis. Responses on the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) were evaluated by age group and respondent (self or caregiver proxy). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Student t tests.

Results

Baseline FAQLQ and FAIM total scores appeared comparable between PTAH‐ and placebo‐treated participants. Self and caregiver proxy‐reported total scores on the FAQLQ for PTAH‐treated participants generally improved at trial exit versus baseline; FAIM total scores improved throughout all trials. The tendency for improvement in FAQLQ total scores from baseline for PTAH appeared larger in self versus caregiver proxy‐reports. Between treatment groups, PTAH was generally favored in the PALISADE and ARTEMIS trials; differences varied in the RAMSES trial based on age and respondent types.

Conclusions

PTAH for the management of peanut allergy in children appeared to have a beneficial effect on HRQoL in trials. Improvements were seen despite rigors of trial participation.
Syntheses of Specifically 15N‐Labeled Adenosine and Guanosine
Authors: Jones Roger A. , Gaffney Barbara L.
Published: December 2022

This article describes the specific incorporation of 15N into the N7 and amino positions of adenosine (Basic Protocol 1), and conversion of the adenosine to guanosine labeled at the N1, N7, and amino positions (Basic Protocol 2). Two variations of the procedures are also presented that include either 12C or 13C at the C8 position of adenosine, and 13C at either the C8 or C2 position of guanosine. These 13C tags permit the incorporation of two 15N‐labeled nucleosides into an RNA strand while ensuring that their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals can be distinguished from each other by the presence or absence of C‐N coupling. While the major application of these specifically 15N‐labeled nucleosides is NMR, the additional mass makes them useful in mass spectrometry (MS) as well. The procedures can also be adapted to synthesize the labeled deoxynucleosides. The Support Protocol describes the synthesis of 7‐methylguanosine. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Syntheses of [7,NH2‐15N2]‐ and [8‐13C‐7,NH2‐15N2]adenosine

Support Protocol: Synthesis of 7‐methylguanosine

Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of [2‐13C‐1,7,NH2‐15N3]‐ and [8‐13C‐1,7,NH2‐15N3]guanosine
Lithium Difluorophosphate: A Boon for High Voltage Li Ion Batteries and a Bane for High Thermal Stability/Low Toxicity: Towards Synergistic Dual Additives to Circumvent this Dilemma
Authors: Kubot Maximilian , Frankenstein Lars , Muschiol Elisabeth , Klein Sven , Esselen Melanie , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: December 2022

The specific energy/energy density of state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) Li‐ion batteries can be increased by raising the upper charge voltage. However, instability of SOTA cathodes (i. e., LiNiyCoxMnyO2; x+y+z=1; NCM) triggers electrode crosstalk through enhanced transition metal (TM) dissolution and contributes to severe capacity fade; in the worst case, to a sudden death (“roll‐over failure”). Lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) as electrolyte additive is able to boost high voltage performance by scavenging dissolved TMs. However, LiDFP is chemically unstable and rapidly decomposes to toxic (oligo)organofluorophosphates (OFPs) at elevated temperatures; a process that can be precisely analyzed by means of high‐performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectroscopy. The toxicity of LiDFP can be proven by the well‐known acetylcholinesterase inhibition test. Interestingly, although fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is inappropriate for high voltage applications as a single electrolyte additive due to rollover failure, it is able to suppress formation of toxic OFPs. Based on this, a synergistic LiDFP/FEC dual‐additive approach is suggested in this work, showing characteristic benefits of both individual additives (good capacity retention at high voltage in the presence of LiDFP and decreased OFP formation/toxicity induced by FEC).
Multiple metastases of clear cell sarcoma at diagnosis presented in bone marrow aspirate: A case report
Authors: Li Jianlan , Jin Qianni , Shang Yangwei , Yu Peixia
Published: December 2022

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare and aggressive soft‐tissue sarcoma that arises most commonly in adolescents and young adults of both sexes. CCS presents a diagnostic challenge due to its morphological and immunohistochemical similarity to malignant melanoma. We present a rare and severe case of CCS simultaneously with multiple bone and lymph node metastases at the time of initial diagnosis in a previously healthy 15‐year‐old Chinese man. Detailed information on clinical manifestations, laboratory profiles, histopathological findings and poor outcome were described. The cytomorphology of bone marrow aspirate in CCS in Wright–Giemsa staining smear was first depicted in this case. The diagnostic difficulties of the rare case was also discussed.
Hydrogen‐Deuterium Isotope Exchange of Methane via Non‐redox Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Kim Sungah , Ho Lee Joo , Jarusiewicz Jamie , Wang Jen‐Chieh , Woon Jung Kyung
Published: December 2022

Under mild conditions, Pd(II) catalysts coordinated to tridentate NHC‐amidate‐ether ligand successfully activated the carbon‐hydrogen bond to facilitate the hydrogen/deuterium isotope exchange on methane. The structural features and catalytic behavior suggested an intriguing non‐redox catalytic system derived from the amidate nitrogen. As the amidate nitrogen acts as an internal base, the metal center was able to maintain the oxidation state throughout the reaction. Accordingly, the catalytic system demonstrated its reactivity and stability during the H/D exchange on methane resulting in a high degree of deuterium conversions (44 %) and turnover number (346) under low temperature conditions.
Quantifying Vertical Resonance Energy in Aromatic Systems with Natural Bond Orbitals
Authors: Parmar Karnjit , Gravel Michel
Published: December 2022

Natural bond orbitals (NBOs) provide the familiar Lewis type (2c–2e−) localized description of a molecule. Interactions between nearly filled (2e− π or σ) orbitals and empty (π* or σ*) anti‐bonding orbitals represent delocalization in the system and creates a framework to study stereoelectronic interactions. Here we show that deleting the interactions (NBODel) between π and π* orbitals in aromatic systems and acquiring the energy with the NBO program provides a highly intuitive and quantitative picture of π‐aromaticity that correlates with the well‐established nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) method. This natural bond orbital resonance energy (NBO‐RE) measures the vertical resonance energy (VRE) of aromatic systems without the use of an external reference structure. The NBO‐RE method is applicable to the study of local aromaticity in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other non‐planar systems.
Bioinspired Synthesis of Pulvinic Acids Including Xerocomic Acid and Fluorescence Properties of Bis‐lactone Intermediates
Authors: Pradayrol Élodie , Séon‐Méniel Blandine , Oger Samuel , Sinniah‐Kandiah Biraveena , Guillot Régis , Franco Rémi , Souce Martin , Kasselouri Athéna , Maciuk Alexandre , Evanno Laurent
Published: December 2022

A set of representative pulvinic acids were synthesised using a bioinspired strategy. Terphenyl‐quinones (polyporic acid scaffold) were prepared via sequential Suzuki‐Miyaura couplings allowing access to unsymmetrically substituted derivatives in a one‐pot protocol. Subjected to the action of acetic anhydride and DMSO, quinones were converted into bis‐lactone intermediates. Methanolysis and deprotection achieved the total syntheses of the corresponding pulvinic acids. Following this general strategy, symmetrical pulvinic, atromentic, variegatic acids and unsymmetrical congener pinastric, iso‐pinastric, xerocomic and iso‐xerocomic acids were prepared in fair yields. Fluorescence properties were observed for the bis‐lactone intermediates and, as a complement to this synthetic work, optical properties were measured, and fluorescence quantum yields were determined for the bis‐lactone pigments.
Neglected and forgotten: The fire lilies (Lilium bulbiferum agg.) of the NW European lowlands
Authors: Koch Richard Jürgen
Published: December 2022

Lower Saxony hosts numerous populations of Lilium bulbiferum L., which are grouped into four taxa based on different patterns of vegetative and generative reproduction. The groups are confirmed by quantitative differences in leaf and flower morphology. The taxa occupy the light soils of the old moraine (lowland) landscape and the Harz Mountains. Populations in the landscape and in farm gardens were investigated. In the latter, it was possible to establish differences in pollination biology by controlled pollinations within and between taxa. Based on the very different states of expression of the analyzed traits, four taxa were described: Lowland saffron lilies (L. croceum Chaix), Highland fire lilies (L. bulbiferum L.), and two additional Lowland fire lilies (L. buchenavii Focke ex R. J. Koch and L. buchenavii var. govelinense R. J. Koch). L. bulbiferum s.l. is thus treated here as an aggregate of four distinct taxa (L. bulbiferum agg.).
Elevated CO2 enhances rice root growth under alternate wetting and drying irrigation by involving ABA response: Evidence from the seedling stage
Authors: Wang Ke , Xu Feiyun , Yuan Wei , Ding Yexin , Sun Leyun , Feng Zhiwei , Liu Xin , Xu Weifeng , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Fei
Published: December 2022

The atmospheric CO2 enrichment can seriously affect rice root growth. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation, which can also increase root growth, is a widely promoted water‐saving technology for future climate, yet how elevated CO2 (eCO2) influences rice root growth under AWD remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the root growth of Yangdao 6 (YD 6) and Koshihikari (KOS) cultured under different water irrigation regimes (well‐watered and AWD) and CO2 concentration (400 and 800 ppm). AWD reduced shoot dry weight of KOS compared with WW under ambient CO2 (400 ppm, aCO2), while the shoot dry weight of KOS showed no difference between WW and AWD treatments under eCO2. Additional, under aCO2, AWD did not affect the exhibited similar root dry weight, length, total surface area, and volume of YD 6 and KOS relative to WW. However, under eCO2, AWD significantly promoted the root dry weight, root length, total root surface area, and root volume of YD 6 and KOS. Furthermore, root ABA content of YD 6 and KOS was significantly higher under AWD than under WW. Then, the OsNCED3 (a key gene for ABA biosynthesis) RNAi lines were used to check the role of ABA in root growth under eCO2 with AWD conditions. The results showed that AWD increased the ABA content and root parameters of WT but not the OsNCED3 RNAi lines under eCO2. Overall, the results suggest that eCO2 can improve rice root growth under AWD by involving root ABA, which contributes to the understanding of water‐saving irrigation on rice in the future climate.
Safety evaluation and application of lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains isolated from Sichuan broad bean paste
Authors: Feng Lu , Gu Jinhong , Guo Linjie , Mu Guangqing , Tuo Yanfeng
Published: December 2022

Broad bean paste is one of the most popular characteristic traditional fermented bean products in China, which is prepared by mixed fermentation of a variety of microorganisms, among which lactic acid bacteria and yeast played an important role in the improvement of the fermented broad bean paste quality. However, the traditional open‐air fermentation of broad bean paste brought some risks of harmful microorganisms. In this study, the safety and fermentation ability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains isolated from traditional broad bean paste was evaluated. The results showed that the protease activity of the strain Lactobacillus plantarum DPUL‐J5 (366.73 ± 9.00 U/L) and Pichia kudriavzevii DPUY‐J5 (237.18 ± 10.93 U/L) were the highest. Both strains produced little biogenic amines, and did not exhibit α‐hemolytic activity or antibiotic resistance for some of the antibiotics most used in human medicine. Furthermore, the broad bean paste fermentation involving DPUL‐J5 and DPUY‐J5 was beneficial for accumulating higher total acid (1.69 ± 0.01 g/100 g), amino‐acid nitrogen (0.85 ± 0.03 g/100 g), and more volatile flavor compounds, meanwhile, reducing the levels of biogenic amines and aflatoxin B1. Therefore, this study provided a new strategy to improve the safety and quality of traditional broad bean paste.
Food processing industry changes across China regions: The case of flour, rice, oil, and other cereal derivative food
Authors: Dou Dandan , Li Fengting , Li Liying
Published: December 2022

Faced with the pressure of slowing industrial growth and industrial transformation requirements, it is crucial to analyze the changes and the corresponding driving factors of the food processing industry in China. An analysis using traditional and spatial shift‐share models was conducted to decompose the changes in the food processing industry in each region of China from 2009 to 2019 into five effects: national growth effect (NG), industrial mix effect (IM), competitive effect (CE), neighbor‐nation competitive effect (NNC), and region‐neighbor competitive effect (RNC). Among the five effects from 2009 to 2019, the NG contributed the most to the growth in most regions, indicating that the development of the food processing industry in China was greatly influenced by the industrial base and that China's food processing industry has entered a “growth bottleneck period.” During the period 2009–2014 to period 2014–2019, compared to the IM and CE, the influence of spatial spillover effects was stronger and significantly enhanced. Moreover, the IM, CE, NNC, and RNC in most southern regions were stronger than those in most northern regions. Therefore, China's food processing industry needs and is transforming into high‐quality development. It is necessary to innovate the mode of development of food processing industry and strengthen interregional exchanges and cooperation.
Hydrogenation of Epoxides to Anti‐Markovnikov Alcohols over a Nickel Heterogenous Catalyst Prepared from Biomass (Rice) Waste
Authors: Unglaube Felix , Atia Hanan , Bartling Stephan , Kreyenschulte Carsten R. , Mejía Esteban
Published: December 2022

The synthesis of primary alcohols (from olefins) is an important and challenging transformation, as most of the current methods suffer from regioselectivity issues. This work describes the utilization of rice husk (RH) from agricultural waste as support for the preparation of a catalyst for the conversion of olefin oxides to primary alcohols. The catalyst was synthesized by pyrolysis of RH impregnated with nickel, and characterized by IR, AAS, XRD, BET, XPS, TEM, and TPD technics. The catalyst shows excellent activity and selectivity towards anti‐Markovnikov alcohols, acting simultaneously as Brønsted acid, solid Lewis acid, and as hydrogenation catalyst. A substrate screening was done, the catalyst's recycling stability was assessed, and a plausibly reaction mechanism was proposed.
Contextual and culturally appropriate video narratives: A potential health promotion tool for young adults
Authors: En Tay Cheng , Yee Yeow Zhen , Zhi Wesley Chung Sheng , Shaharuddin Shazwani , Appalasamy Jamuna Rani
Published: December 2022

Issue Addressed

There is an increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the young adult population worldwide, with a high prevalence of undiagnosed DM in. This study aims to evaluate the preliminary effects of a culturally appropriate DM audio‐visual among young adults.

Methods

This study involved two phases; the first to develop and validate the videos followed by the second phase exploring the engagement level among 80 young adults. The variables of interest included the participants' knowledge and their planned action after watching the video.

Results

Most of the participants (60%) were between the age of 21 and 25 years and had a family history of DM. The majority of participants (80.0%) demonstrated good awareness of DM. Slightly more than half of them (58.8%) thought that DM was curable, which contradicts their knowledge measure. Nevertheless, 88.8% of participants were interested to learn more about DM.

Conclusions

The use of a strategic storyboard and creative editing of the promotional video was a potential trigger to raise the young adults' curiosity to find out more about DM.
Regional differences in the quality of maternal and neonatal care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Portugal: Results from the IMAgiNE EURO study
Authors: Costa Raquel , Barata Catarina , Dias Heloísa , Rodrigues Carina , Santos Teresa , Mariani Ilaria , Covi Benedetta , Valente Emanuelle Pessa , Lazzerini Marzia ,   IMAgiNE EURO study group
Published: December 2022

Objective

To compare women's perspectives on the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) around the time of childbirth across Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS‐II) regions in Portugal during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Women participating in the cross‐sectional IMAgiNE EURO study who gave birth in Portugal from March 1, 2020, to October 28, 2021, completed a structured questionnaire with 40 key WHO standards‐based quality measures. Four domains of QMNC were assessed: (1) provision of care; (2) experience of care; (3) availability of human and physical resources; and (4) reorganizational changes due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Frequencies for each quality measure within each QMNC domain were computed overall and by region.

Results

Out of 1845 participants, one‐third (33.7%) had a cesarean. Examples of high‐quality care included: low frequencies of lack of early breastfeeding and rooming‐in (8.0% and 7.7%, respectively) and informal payment (0.7%); adequate staff professionalism (94.6%); adequate room comfort and equipment (95.2%). However, substandard practices with large heterogeneity across regions were also reported. Among women who experienced labor, the percentage of instrumental vaginal births ranged from 22.3% in the Algarve to 33.5% in Center; among these, fundal pressure ranged from 34.8% in Lisbon to 66.7% in Center. Episiotomy was performed in 39.3% of noninstrumental vaginal births with variations between 31.8% in the North to 59.8% in Center. One in four women reported inadequate breastfeeding support (26.1%, ranging from 19.4% in Algarve to 31.5% in Lisbon). One in five reported no exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (22.1%; 19.5% in Lisbon to 28.2% in Algarve).

Conclusion

Urgent actions are needed to harmonize QMNC and reduce inequities across regions in Portugal.
An infiltration calibration method for small‐scale basin irrigated fields considering land surface microtopography1
Authors: Moravejalahkami Bita , Rahimian Mohammad‐Hassan
Published: December 2022

In small‐scale basins, where laser levelling is not possible, the process of land surface levelling is not accurate. Under such conditions, the land surface microtopography can alter the infiltration parameter and irrigation design criteria. This study investigated the effect of microtopography on basin irrigation infiltration parameters. Three experimental basins with different dimensions were selected and irrigated in three replicates. An infiltration calibration method was presented by assuming homogenous slope conditions, which use the zero‐inertia model. This method was modified by considering heterogeneous slope conditions. By assuming a homogenous slope condition, the results showed that the differences between the observed and estimated parameters, including advance time, recession time and surface storage volume of water, were statistically significant at the 5% level. By considering heterogonous slope conditions, the estimated infiltration values were more accurate than those under homogenous slope conditions. The average volume balance error was 0.19 (assuming homogenous slope conditions); however, by considering heterogeneous slope conditions, this parameter was 0.081. These results show the necessity of considering microtopography conditions for calibrating infiltration equation parameters of basin irrigation.
ERRATUM: Kidney decontamination during perfusion for transplantation procedure: In vitro and ex vivo viability analysis
Authors: Goenaga‐Mafud Loraine C. , Gamez Yordania Matos , Campos Carolina P. , Vollet‐Filho Jose D. , Inada Natalia Mayumi , Kurachi Cristina , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador
Published: December 2022

Organ transplantations have an increasing medical relevance. It is becoming a regular procedure with an increase in individuals waiting for organs. The increase in the number of discarded organs is mostly due to the donor's bacterial and/or viral infection. In this article, we are demonstrating the feasibility of reduction of the bacterial load in the kidney model by using Ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) as a germicidal agent in circulating liquids. Using Staphylococcus aureus as a bacteria model, we were able to demonstrate that in less than 30 min of liquid circulation and associated to irradiation, the bacterial load of the perfusate Custodiol® HTK, histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate (solution with 5 log CFU ml−1), was fully eliminated. A modeling approach was created to verify the possibility of bacterial load decrease, when an organ (here, a renal experimental model) is present in the circuit, releasing a varied rate of microorganisms over time, while the solution is irradiated. Finally, we use an ex vivo model with a swine kidney, circulating in the preservation solution with a Lifeport® Kidney Transporter machine, to demonstrate that we can contaminate the organ and then promote the elimination of the microbiological load. The results show the feasibility of the technique.
Impact of Stroke History on the Risk of Recurrent Hip Fracture or Major Osteoporotic Fractures among Patients with Incident Hip Fracture: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Hjelholt Thomas J. , Johnsen Søren P. , Brynningsen Peter K. , Andersen Grethe , Pedersen Alma B.
Published: December 2022

Considerable uncertainty prevails regarding risk factors for recurrent fracture among older patients with hip fracture. We aimed to investigate the relationship between prefracture stroke history, baseline mobility, and the risk of recurrent hip fracture. This cohort study was based on the Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Registry, 2011–2018 (n = 48,230). We estimated cumulative incidence (competing risk of death) of recurrent hip fracture and major osteoporotic fractures within 1 and 2 years comparing patients with/without prefracture stroke history. Analyses were performed overall and stratified on baseline mobility status (good mobility: Cumulated Ambulation Score ≥ 5 versus poor mobility: Cumulated Ambulation Score < 5). Using Cox regression, adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained. The 1-year cumulative incidence was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.9–5.4) among patients with stroke history and 4.3% (95% CI: 4.1–4.5) among patients without stroke history. For patients with good mobility, the cumulative incidence of recurrent hip fracture was 5.8% (95% CI: 4.3–7.5) versus 3.7% (95% CI: 3.4–4.0) for patients with versus without stroke history. Corresponding numbers for patients with poor mobility were 4.4% (95% CI: 3.6–5.5) and 5.0% (95% CI: 4.7–5.3). Stroke history was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.15–2.10) for recurrent fracture among patients with good mobility. In contrast, no association was observed among patients with poor mobility (adjusted HR 0.88 [95% CI: 0.70–1.10]). The associations were attenuated after 2 years of follow-up and for major osteoporotic fractures. In conclusion, stroke history was associated with slightly higher risk of recurrent fracture among patients with first-time hip fracture in the overall analysis, although the CI included a null result. The association was modified by baseline mobility: Patients with stroke history and good mobility had a markedly higher risk, whereas patients with stroke and poor mobility did not. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Physicochemical and functional properties of pectin extracted from the edible portions of jackfruit at different stages of maturity
Authors: Nidhina K , Abraham Billu , Fontes‐Candia Cynthia , Martínez‐Abad Antonio , Martínez‐Sanz Marta , Nisha P , Lopez‐Rubio Amparo
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

The physicochemical and functional properties of pectin (JFP) extracted from edible portions (including pericarp and seed) of raw jackfruit (an underutilized tropical fruit) at four different maturity stages (referred to as stages I, II, III, and IV) were characterized in terms of extraction yields, chemical composition, molecular weight, and antioxidant properties to evaluate its potential use in foods.

RESULT

The JFP yield increased from 9.7% to 21.5% with fruit maturity, accompanied by an increase in the galacturonic acid content (50.1%, 57.1%, 63.6%, and 65.2%) for stages I–IV respectively. The molecular weight increased from 147 kDa in stage I to 169 kDa in stage III, but decreased to 114 kDa in stage IV, probably due to cell‐wall degradation during maturation. The JFP was of the high methoxyl type and the degree of esterification increased from 65% to 87% with fruit maturity. The functional properties of JFP were similar to or better than those reported for commercial apple pectin, thus highlighting its potential as a food additive. Although the phenolics and flavonoids content of JFP decreased with fruit maturity, their antioxidant capacity increased, which may be correlated with the increased content of galacturonic acid upon fruit development. Gels prepared from JFP showed viscoelastic behavior. Depending on the maturity stage in which they were obtained, different gelation behavior was seen.

CONCLUSION

The study confirmed the potential of pectin extracted from edible parts of jackfruit as a promising source of high‐quality gelling pectin with antioxidant properties, for food applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Linoleic acid enrichment of cheese by okara flour and Geotrichum candidum overexpressing Δ12 fatty acid desaturase
Authors: Wu Chen , Jiang Nan , Wang Ruhong , Jiang Shanshan , Yuan Zhijia , Luo Xue , Wu Junrui , Shi Haisu , Wu Rina
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Mold‐ripened cheeses have low levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Geotrichum candidum is an adjunct culture for the development of Geotrichum‐ripened cheese but has a low ability to produce high levels of UFAs. Δ12 fatty acid desaturase (FADS12) is a pivotal enzyme that converts oleic acid (OA) to linoleic acid (LA) and plays a vital role in UFA biosynthesis. By investigating FADS12 catalytic activity from various species with OA substrates, we found that FADS12 from Mucor circinelloides (McFADS12) had the highest catalytic activity for OA.

RESULTS

In the current study, a plasmid harboring McFADS12 was constructed and overexpressed in G. candidum. Our results showed that LA production increased to 31.1 ± 1.4% in engineered G. candidum – three times higher than that in wild‐type G. candidum. To enhance LA production, an exogenous substrate (OA) was supplemented, and the yield of LA was increased to 154 ± 6 mg L−1 in engineered G. candidum. Engineered G. candidum was used as an adjunct culture for Geotrichum‐ripened cheese production. The LA level reached 74.3 ± 5.4 g kg−1 cheese, whereas the level of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) decreased by 9.9 ± 0.5%. In addition, the soybean byproduct (okara) was introduced into the engineered G. candidum growth and the level of LA increased to 126 ± 4 g kg−1 cheese and the percentage of UFAs:SFAs increased from 0.8:1 to 1.3:1.

CONCLUSION

This study offers a suitable technology for converting SFAs to UFAs in Geotrichum‐ripened cheeses and provides a novel trend for converting soybean waste into a value‐added product. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Meniere's Disease Patients with Distinct Sac Pathoanatomic Findings React Differently to Endolymphatic Duct Blockage
Authors: Wang Qin , Hu Junjiao , Li Wei , Huang Li , Pan Xueying , Zhou Zhou , Yang Tao , Tao Rong , Huang Chao , Peng Anquan , Zhang Zhiwen
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To explore the possible difference in response to endolymphatic duct blockage (EDB) treatment in patients with Meniere's disease (MD) with distinct pathoanatomic characteristics of the sac.

Methods

In a total of 24 patients with MD receiving EDB treatment, the dynamics of the vertigo attack, hearing, vestibular function, and endolymph hydrops (EH) before surgery and 40 months following surgery in patients with normoplastic extraosseous portion of endolymphatic sac (eES) were compared with that in patients with atrophic eES.

Results

A higher prevalence of complete vertigo control, better cochlear and vestibular function, and lower endolymph to vestibule‐volume ratio were found in patients with normoplastic eES than in those with atrophic eES. Moreover, the reversal of EH was found in a total of six patients in normoplastic eES group, but no reversal of EH was detected in the atrophic eES group after surgery.

Conclusions

A difference in response to EDB treatment was shown in the MD patients with normoplastic eES and those with atrophic eES; the reversal of EH was found in the normoplastic eES group, but not in the atrophic eES group after surgery, suggesting two distinct pathologies in the eESs may underlie the pathogenesis of EH in two subgroups of MD patients.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:2761–2769, 2023
Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nakhla Morcos N. , Richards Phillip Q. , Miller Jessa E. , Afework David , Manzoor Daniel , Lin Yi‐Ling , Aghaloo Tara , Blackwell Keith E. , St. John Maie A.
Published: December 2022

Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC) is an exceptionally rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm with a significant potential for aggressive growth. Although the literature on this tumor is limited, its high recurrence rates suggest that early and multimodal intervention may be beneficial. This study reports a case of GCOC of the mandible that was successfully treated with surgical resection, reconstruction, and radiation. A comprehensive literature review was performed, and the relevant genomic and histopathological characteristics of this malignancy were determined. Laryngoscope, 133:830–833, 2023
Thermal Gradient Induced Transparency and Absorption in a Microcavity
Authors: Zhu Song , Wang Wenyu , Ren Linhao , Gong Chaoyang , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Shi Lei , Zhang Xinliang
Published: December 2022

Generation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) effects in optical cavity systems paves a way for many applications ranging from fundamental physics to various photonic applications, such as analogous quantum interference effects, slow light, and light storage. Here, thermal gradient induced transparency (TGIT) and absorption (TGIA) effects in a single microcavity are proposed and demonstrated. The effects originate from the unique temperature gradient in the axial direction of the functionalized microbottle cavity, which leads to different resonance evolutions for whispering gallery modes with different axial orders. Furthermore, this platform is leveraged as a probe to realize a direct temperature readout from the transmission spectrum via multiple TGIT (TGIA is also applicable)‐based photonic barcodes with a high detection resolution of 9 × 10−4 °C. This platform offers a novel, highly efficient, and simple scheme to realize dynamic mode coupling for various applications, such as light storage and temperature detection.
Non‐Interleaved Bilayer Complex‐Amplitude Janus Metasurface Enabling Energy‐Tailorable Bidirectional Wave Modulation
Authors: Mu Yongheng , Qi Jiaran , Xia Siyu , Li Li , Sihvola Ari
Published: December 2022

Janus metasurfaces have attracted significant attention due to their key feature of asymmetric transmission in numerous practical applications, such as asymmetric data inscription in communications and dual side displays in smart mobile devices. More compact and integrated spatial wave modulation components call for implementations of non‐interleaved bilayer complex‐amplitude (CA) Janus metasurfaces. Here, by introducing composite geometry phase into propagation phase, direction‐dependent decoupling relation between amplitude and phase engineering is derived, and the mechanism of energy‐tailorable bidirectional wave modulation is elucidated via extremely simple single‐pixeled Janus elements. A non‐interleaved bilayer CA Janus metasurface is thus proposed. Bidirectional amplitude‐phase profiles with both‐transmission (T–T) or transmission–reflection‐integration (T–R) operational modes can readily be achieved. Numerical analysis and experimental verification of direction‐dependent energy allocation and reciprocal asymmetric holograms are performed to demonstrate the excellent manipulation accuracy and decorrelation under bidirectional illuminations. On this basis, a series of coplanar image syntheses, including frequency–polarization multitasking and T–R dual‐channel multiplexing, based on the proposed bidirectional CA modulation mechanism are experimentally demonstrated in the microwave region. This asymmetric transmission mechanism will promote developments of Janus metasurfaces for multichannel processing and information multiplexing applications in miniaturized and highly integrated systems.