bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide discovery of selection signatures in four Anatolian sheep breeds revealed by ddRADseq
Authors: Argun Karsli Bahar , Demir Eymen , Bilginer Umit , Dogru Huriye , Karsli Taki , Kaya Sarp
Published: September 2024

High-density genomic data analyzed by accurate statistical methods are of potential to enlighten past breeding practices such as selection by unraveling fixed regions. In this study, four native Turkish sheep breeds (80 samples) were genotyped via 296.097 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected by double-digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRADseq) library preparation combined with the Illumina HiSeq X Ten instrument in order to identify genes under selection pressure. A total of 32, 136, 133, and 119 protein-coding genes were detected under selection pressure by runs of homozygosity (ROH), integrated haplotype score (iHS), the ratio of extended haplotype homozygosity (Rsb), and fixation index (FST) approaches, respectively. Of these, a total of 129 genes were identified by at least two statistical models which overlapped with a total of 52 quantitative trait loci (QTL)-associated SNPs, known to be related to fiber diameter, milk content, body weight, carcass traits, some blood parameters, and entropion. A total of six genes under selection pressure were validated by three statistical approaches five of which are of potential to be integrated into animal breeding since they were associated with wool fiber diameter (ZNF208B), behaviors related to neurocognitive development (CBX1 and NFE2L1), adaptation to high-altitude (SDK1), and anxiety causing internal stress (GSG1L). The sixth gene (COPZ1) turned out to play an important role in coping with different types of cancer in mammals. In particular, ROH analysis uncovered significant findings that the Güney Karaman (GKR) had experienced different selection practices than the Akkaraman (AKR) breed. Moreover, some genes specifically under selection in the GKR breed turned out to be associated with olfaction (OR6K6, OR6N1, OR6N2, and OR4C16), survival during the gestation period (PRR15L), and heat stress (CDK5RAP9). The results of this study imply that GKR may become genetically different from the AKR breed at the genome level due to most probably experiencing different adaptation processes occurring in raised climatic conditions. These differences should be conserved to face future challenges, while other native Turkish sheep breeds could be monitored via genome-wide high-density SNP data to obtain deeper knowledge about the effects of natural selection.
Is tuna ecolabeling causing fishers more harm than good?
Authors: Nakamura Katrina
Published: September 2024

Nearly 70,000 fishing crew are currently at sea catching the ecolabeled tuna in your sandwich or sushi. Tuna fishing on the High Seas is remote, making it difficult to detect forced labour and important to look into the welfare of fishers on vessels fishing for ecolabeled tuna. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) ecolabel says it is keeping forced labour out of the certified supply chain and that buyers choosing certified tuna significantly reduce their exposure. To determine how this is achieved, an analysis was performed of the primary data published by the MSC at https://fisheries.msc.org for the 3327 tuna vessels listed in its program. The data show that a majority of tuna vessel owners (1970 fishing employers) are participating anonymously. Their involvement in forced labour is unknown, and vessel conditions are untraceable for 74% of the tuna catches reported by certifiers. A majority of MSC’s tuna clients (about 4% fishing entities) refuted forced labour on behalf of 53% of tuna fishers in a template that MSC provides and protects with a disclaimer. Yet, on some of the vessels, tuna fishers have recently reported forced labour. Content analysis showed the information provided by MSC’s tuna clients overall deflects (rather than accepts) accountability for human rights and adverse effects, such as debt bondage. These findings matter to fishers’ welfare because the MSC has reported that its program encompasses 59% of the world’s tuna, making its assurances about lower risks in certified tuna influential in the sector, with potential to undermine criminal and civil enforcement.
Correction: Novel germanene–arsenene and germanene–antimonene lateral heterostructures: interline-dependent electronic and magnetic properties
Authors: Ha Chu Viet , Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc , Trang Pham Quynh , Ponce-Pérez R. , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Hoat D. M.
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Novel germanene–arsenene and germanene–antimonene lateral heterostructures: interline-dependent electronic and magnetic properties’ by Chu Viet Ha et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 14502–14510, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp00828b.
Sensitivity-improved blocking agent-free fluorescence polarization assay through surface modification using polyethylene glycol
Authors: Liu Hao , Fukuyama Mao , Ogura Yu , Kasuya Motohiro , Onose Sho , Imai Ayuko , Shigemura Koji , Tokeshi Manabu , Hibara Akihide
Published: September 2024

A polyethylene glycol-based surface modification improved the sensitivity of fluorescence polarization assays in microfluidic devices, eliminating the need for blocking agents.
Engineering fluorescent NO probes for live-monitoring cellular inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Wu Qun , Liu Chengbin , Liu Yifan , Li Tao
Published: September 2024

A fluorescent probe for live-cell imaging of nitric oxide (NO) allows for sensitive detection of NO in cancer cells, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and lipopolysaccharide-triggered inflammatory responses.
Ag2S quantum dot-based magnetic resonance/fluorescence dual-mode imaging nanoprobes for tumor diagnosis
Authors: Zou Jia-Hua , Chen Li-Li , Hu Yong-Guo , Zhou Dong , Li Yong , Zhang Bin , Xu Xin-Yue , Liu Bo , Fan Jin-Xuan , Zhao Yuan-Di
Published: September 2024

A fluorescent and magnetic resonance dual-modal imaging nanoprobe was developed, enabling real-time, dynamic, and deep-tissue imaging in tumor regions, thereby facilitating efficient and accurate tumor diagnosis.
Pre-carbonized nickel–metal organic frameworks to enable lithium–sulfur reactions
Authors: Wu Zhilin , Zhang Yunfeng , Takyi-Aninakwa Paul , Hu Yue , Lu Zong , Song Yingze
Published: September 2024

The pre-carbonization treatment on Ni-MOF increases electron conductivity without structural collapse. Therefore, Ni-carbon not only preserves the polysulfide confinement ability of Ni-MOF but also propels direct Li2S nucleation/decomposition.
Recent advances in metal carbene-induced semipinacol rearrangements
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhu Shifa
Published: September 2024

This review provides a complete overview of the advances in the semipinacol rearrangement-mediated 1,2-group migration onto metal carbene centers which were reported in the past decades.
Construction of quaternary alkyl motifs through palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with alkenes followed by C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chang Mengfan , Ni Tongtong , Xu Xuefeng , Zong Luyi , Li Ting
Published: September 2024

A palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction has been developed for the synthesis of quaternary alkyl products through the reaction of olefins with diversely functionalized 1,3-dicarbonyls.
Mass and strain field mediated low thermal conductivity for enhanced thermoelectric properties in Zn substituted SnS
Authors: Krishna Parvathi , Vijay V. , Ponnusamy S. , Navaneethan M.
Published: September 2024

Suppression of lattice thermal conductivity by mass fluctuation and strain field fluctuation.
Designing innovative heterostructures composed of TiO2/Bi2Te3/carbon cloth for highly efficient sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Han Manshu , Zhao Yirong , Bai Yongfeng , Li Yu , Chen Minghua , Chen Qingguo
Published: September 2024

A TiO2/Bi2Te3/CC composite was designed to inhibit the shedding of Bi2Te3 and improve the rate capability and cycling performance of electrodes.
Impact of vacancy defects on the thermal conductivity of BaAgBi: a comprehensive study using molecular dynamics simulations with neural network potentials
Authors: Du Yunzhen , Yao Yuan , Peng Kunling , Duan Jizheng , Hao Changwei , Tian Yuan , Duan Wenshan , Yang Lei , Lin Ping , Zhang Sheng
Published: September 2024

The presence of vacancy defects significantly impacts thermal properties of materials.
Photoelectron spectrum and breakdown diagram of ethanolamine: conformers, excited states, and thermochemistry
Authors: Kechoindi S. , Ben Yaghlane S. , Mogren Al Mogren M. , Bodi A. , Hochlaf M.
Published: September 2024

The enthalpy of formation of ethanolamine is corrected substantially with the help of PEPICO and advanced, explicitly correlated computational methods.
NIR-triggered upconversion and sensitized NIR-emission in Yb-based Eosin Y lake doped latex nanoparticles
Authors: Cevallos-Toledo Rita B. , Bellezza Delia , González-Béjar María , Pérez-Prieto Julia
Published: September 2024

Yb-based Eosin Y lakes (EOS-Yb) doped latex nanoparticles can display either NIR-triggered upconversion or sensitized NIR-emission upon visible excitation.
Propane oxidative dehydrogenation catalyzed by molten metal alloys
Authors: Tabbara Majd , Zong Zhiyuan , Dignoes Ricart Hugo , Chfira Sarah , Upham D. Chester
Published: September 2024

Molten metals are investigated as chemical looping propane oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts for the first time.
Reducing meso-lactide formation from racemic lactic acid using shape-selective H-Beta zeolite
Authors: Ding Ling , Gao Lou , Pan Di , Du Ke , Yu Jiayu , Li Wanyi , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: September 2024

Efficiently reduce the formation of meso-lactide from racemic lactic acid by utilizing H-Beta zeolite shape selectivity towards lactic acid dimers.
Poly(carbonate acetal) vitrimers with enhanced thermal properties and closed-loop thermal recyclability derived from waste polycarbonate-derived polyaldehyde and pentaerythritol/erythritol/d-sorbitol
Authors: Chen Yi-Chun , Reddy Kamani Sudhir K. , Jeng Ru-Jong , Lin Ching-Hsuan
Published: September 2024

Manufactured poly(carbonate acetal) vitrimers from waste polycarbonate and studied their properties along with closed-loop chemical recycling.
Engineered cortical microcircuits for investigations of neuroplasticity
Authors: Winter-Hjelm Nicolai , Sikorski Pawel , Sandvig Axel , Sandvig Ioanna
Published: September 2024

An advanced microfluidic platform integrated with a microelectrode array for the study of structural and functional adaptations of neural networks in response to localized perturbations.
Novel pyrenylbenzylidene-malononitrile derivative mixed with cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibrous sheets for hydrazine detection
Authors: Mayurachayakul Pipattra , Thianchai Jirawan , Attakul Naraporn , Pratumyot Kornkanya , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Srikittiwanna Kittiwat , Niamnont Nakorn
Published: September 2024

A new pyrenylbenzylidene–malononitrile (P2) was successfully synthesized via the Suzuki coupling reaction and Knoevenagel condensation using nano Cu as a catalyst. Nanofiber sheet mixed with compound 2 detects and responds to hydrazine vapor with a detection limit of 0.005% (w/v).
Enhanced electrochemical supercapacitors from metal silicates (Zn, Mn, Ni and Co) by multi-step treatment of natural green algae
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Wang Aixue , Zhang Guozhong , Mei Aoqi , Lv Tianming , Wang Xuchun , Jiang Hanmei
Published: September 2024

Metal silicates (Zn, Mn, Ni and Co) were synthesized from natural green algae (GAs) as supercapacitor electrodes.
Visible light-induced recyclable porous g-C3N4 promoted one-pot alcohol oxidation–Wittig tandem reactions
Authors: Li Linzhao , Ma Zhongjie , Li Cong , Chen Gaoli , Gao Taiping
Published: September 2024

Recyclable g-C3N4 catalyzed one-pot alcohol oxidation–Wittig tandem reactions were realized under the irradiation of blue LEDs and various α,β-unsaturated esters were facilely synthesized in good to excellent yields and moderate to good E/Z ratios.
Nitrogen configuration enriched N-doped activated carbon from spent tea leaves through an ammonia impregnation approach for CO2 adsorption
Authors: Ruhaimi Amirul Hafiiz , Ab Aziz Muhammad Arif
Published: September 2024

Enrichment of spent tea leave (STL)-derived activated carbon with a N-configuration for achieving improved carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption.
Performance and mechanism of sulfonamide-antibiotic adsorption by Ti3C2 MXene
Authors: Zeng Fangang , Chen Huihuang , Mei Yichuan , Ye Luobin , Zhuang Shuting , Pu Ning , Wang Liming
Published: September 2024

Sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) antibiotics can be effectively adsorbed by Ti3C2 MXene with a qm of 22.62 mg g−1via physicochemical interaction.
An enhanced SPR optical fiber biosensor using Ti3C2Tx MXene/AuNPs for label-free and sensitive detection of human IgG
Authors: Zhu Jiayi , Zhao Chao , Xia Binyun , Wang Ning , Chen Xi , Jing Xinyue , Chen Minxuan , Xu Xinrui
Published: September 2024

A high-performance label-free optical fiber biosensor developed for highly sensitive human IgG detection.
Recent advances in the synthesis and shell-sheddable disassembly of acid/glutathione-degradable block copolymer nanoassemblies for drug delivery
Authors: Andrade-Gagnon Brandon , Oh Jung Kwon
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in synthetic strategies for single-location shell-sheddable and dual-location shell-sheddable/core-degradable block copolymer nanoassemblies exhibitng acidic pH or/and glutathione responsefor effective drug delivery.
Designing dual-domain thermoplastic elastomers from ABA triblock copolymers: introducing bond-exchangeable subdomains into B-block strands
Authors: Hayashi Mikihiro , Mizuno Tatsuya
Published: September 2024

Incorporating self-aggregated quaternized pyridine cross-links into the middle block of poly(styrene)-b-poly(butadiene)-b-poly(styrene) triblock copolymer enables preparation of dual-domain thermoplastic elastomers with bond-exchangeable subdomains.
Herpotriquinones A and B, two dimeric naphthoquinone–epoxycyclohexenone adducts with anti-neuroinflammatory activity from the isopod-associated fungus Herpotrichia sp. SF09
Authors: Zhai Yi-Jie , Zhou Zhen-Zhen , Wang Wen-Ji , Wang Xin-Yu , Wang Zi-Jue , Dai Guang-Zhi , Lei Xinxiang , Li Wen-Li , Gao Jin-Ming , Han Wen-Bo
Published: September 2024

Two pyran-bridged naphthoquinone–epoxycyclohexenone dimers with an unprecedented 6/6/6/6/6-fused ring skeleton were isolated from the isopod-associated fungus Herpotrichia sp. SF09.
Application of lentil seed extract as an inhibitor to assess the corrosion properties of copper–nickel alloys in a NaCl environment
Authors: Nageeb Mona M. , Gaber Ghalia A. , Ahmed Amal S. I. , Fouda Abd El Aziz S.
Published: September 2024

Weight loss (WL), was used to explore the efficiency of lentil seed extract (LSE) in mitigating the corrosion of Cu–10Ni and Cu–30Ni alloys in obviously aerated water.
Electrochemical sensors based on the composite of reduced graphene oxide and a multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous detection of hydroquinone, dopamine, and uric acid
Authors: Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Hasnawati Ta'alia Shafa Aini , Akbar Ari Yustisia , Elvira Bunga Rani , Irkham  , Rahmawati Isnaini , Wahyuono Ruri Agung , Putra Budi Riza
Published: September 2024

Fabrication of a sensitive electrochemical sensor based on the composite of reduced graphene oxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous measurements of hydroquinone, dopamine, and uric acid.
A mixed proton–electron-conducting cathode with a Ru nanoparticle catalyst for electrochemical ammonia synthesis based on a proton-conducting BZCYYb electrolyte
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Gao Wenbo , Zhu Liangzhu , Tao Haoliang , Feng Sheng , Cao Hujun , Guo Jianping , Chen Yanxia , Chen Ping
Published: September 2024

Solid oxide proton conductor electrolysis cells, which operate at intermediate temperatures and utilize both heat and electrical potential, have emerged as a promising alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process.
Realizing high-stability anodes for rechargeable magnesium batteries via in situ-formed nanoporous Bi and nanosized Sn
Authors: Gu Dachong , Yuan Yuan , Peng Xianhao , Li Dajian , Wu Liang , Huang Guangsheng , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng
Published: September 2024

Nanoporous Bi and nanosized Sn are formed in situ by the synergistic effect of Bi–Sn phase separation, defects and the Mg2+ insertion/extraction reaction for high performance Mg battery anodes.
Atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts (SACs) and enzymes (SAzymes): synthesis and application in Alzheimer's disease detection
Authors: Goel Himanshi , Rana Ishika , Jain Kajal , Ranjan Kumar Rakesh , Mishra Vivek
Published: September 2024

SAC & SAzymes, an innovative tool for early Alzheimer detection, effectively bridging traditional diagnostic methods with advanced technologies, enable highly sensitive and selective identification of biomarkers, enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
Engineered macrophage-derived exosomes via click chemistry for the treatment of osteomyelitis
Authors: Chen Yongfeng , Dong Jintao , Li Jiahan , Li Jun , Lu Yizhao , Dong Wengang , Zhang Dawei , Dang Xingbo
Published: September 2024

RAB-EXO, a macrophage-derived exosome with a ROS-cleavable peptide, targets bone in osteomyelitis, releasing antimicrobial peptides to inhibit bacteria and promoting M2 macrophage differentiation to reduce inflammation.
Correlation between Ce content and Tb–Cu grain boundary diffusion efficiency in Ce-containing Nd–Fe–B magnets
Authors: Yu Zhigao , Chen Shiying , Zeng Chaochao , Yu Hongya , Wu Yaxiang , He Jiayi , Liu Zhongwu
Published: September 2024

Ce-containing Nd–Fe–B magnets have been widely used because of their low cost, but the effects of Ce content in the magnets on the grain boundary diffusion (GBD) behavior are still unclear.
Tunable near-infrared phosphor LiSc2SbO6:Cr3+ by Mg2+ substitution and Yb3+ co-doping for phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yang Xu , Ren Zihao , Yin Tao , Yu Jialong , Song Xinying , Ma Yuansheng , Li Xu , Guan Li , Guo Yingnan , Wang Fenghe
Published: September 2024

The NIR pc-LED prepared with LMSS:Cr3+,Yb3+ performed well in night vision, nondestructive testing, multiple anti-counterfeiting and information encryption technologies.
The Use of Simulation in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Follow-Up Survey
Authors: Dudding Carol C. , Zraick Richard I. , Dudding Samantha M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

This study investigates changes in the prevalence and practice of simulation in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) education. It is a follow-up to a 2015 survey on the same topic. Given the changes in program certification standards and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical education programs across the United States, re-examination of simulation in CSD is warranted.

Method:

An online questionnaire was developed to survey university programs accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. University program directors and clinical directors received recruitment e-mails using QuestionPro, an online survey platform. The recruitment e-mail contained the purpose of the study and a link to the online questionnaire along with instructions to forward the survey to the appropriate designee. The consent form was then embedded in the questionnaire.

Results:

The results of this survey indicated changes in patterns and the use of simulation in clinical education for CSD. Results indicated an overall increase in the use of simulations, specifically in computer-based simulations. Distance simulation as a hybrid technology proved a major addition to clinical education programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. External and internal factors affecting the use of simulations in CSD were identified.

Conclusions:

The use of simulation to supplement clinical education in CSD has evolved in recent years. These changes are likely due in part to changes in certification standards in the profession, an increase in awareness and training, and reliance on distance simulation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Best Practices for Supporting Social–Emotional Development in Children With Developmental Language Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Timler Geralyn R. , Zane Emily , Decker Alyssa L. , Ritter Rachel , Stewart Anne
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an elevated risk of social–emotional difficulties, including low self-esteem and anxiety, related to school achievement and peer interactions. This clinical focus article provides best practice guidelines, shaped by a neurodiversity-affirming lens, to support children's social–emotional development.

Method:

The guidelines were developed through interprofessional discussions among the authors, which included three communication specialists and two mental health specialists, and supported by review of the scholarly literature on neurodiversity, DLD, and ADHD, with a focus on first-person perspectives of children and adults with these conditions and their parents and teachers.

Results:

The practice guidelines include recommendations for the interprofessional assessment of DLD and/or ADHD and suggestions for neurodiversity-affirming supports to promote acceptance of students with DLD and/or ADHD by teachers and peers. Intervention recommendations for social communication skills, self-regulation supports, and self-advocacy are described. A hypothetical case study is provided to illustrate implementation of the recommended practices.

Conclusions:

First-person and family perspectives studies provide compelling evidence that having DLD and/or ADHD, coupled with the negative reactions of others to children's differences related to these conditions, have adverse effects on children's social–emotional development. Speech-language pathologists and their interprofessional team members have an important role to play in preventing these effects by providing social–emotional supports for children with DLD and/or ADHD.
Rendering Frankenstein's monsters? The emergence and impacts of human digital twins
Authors: Kabalska Agnieszka , Wagner Ralf
Published: September 2024

Human digital twins (HDTs) are set to revolutionise human–system integration and improve human capacities, productivity, and well‐being by including human characteristics in system design. Reflecting real‐life behaviours and emotional reactions, HDTs render virtual data‐driven models of people. Their presence in many fields—including office work, education, and healthcare—showcases their ability to advance diagnoses, workforce training, and individualised learning. However, the general HDTs acceptance hypothesis calls for a critical analysis of their ethical ramifications and social influence. Emphasising the need of social adaptations to maintain stability, structural functionalism provides a suited framework to examine the roles of HDTs inside social systems. Despite their obvious advantages, HDTs raise ethical questions. While addressing concerns about user acceptance and ethical norms, engineers, designers and the legal regulators, but also the users—by means of ‘owners’—must consider the substantial consequences of HDTs and their customisation. HDTs' duality, like a double‐edged sword, calls for deliberate usage and considerable thought to negotiate the changing terrain of human–machine interaction.
Key technologies and applications of collaboration between digital power grid and Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Di , Gan Lu , Zhang Yongjun
Published: September 2024

The integration of electricity technology and information technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), enables the construction of new power systems, along with the innovation of application scenarios and business scope. The key technologies of power IoT and the data flow process are summarised first. The IoT technology and application scenario requirements of power generation, transmission, loading, and storage of new power systems are studied. Thus, the nature of the collaborative development of the digital power grid and the IoT is demonstrated from the perspective of data processing in power IoT and application requirements in power systems. The key problems and solutions faced by the power IoT under the digital transformation are described, and the cross‐integration of key technologies and promotion of application scenario innovation are prospected. Finally, the key issues of future technological development were discussed, providing reference ideas for fully leveraging the value of energy and electricity data production factors and promoting the construction of a digital electricity ecosystem.
Torque improvement investigation of a double rotor permanent magnet motor based on effective utilization of magnetic field coupling
Authors: Xiang Zixuan , Xie Yuxi , Zhu Xiaoyong , Zhou Yuting
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a torque improvement method is presented for a double rotor (DR) permanent magnet motor, where the key is to conduct the study based on effective utilization of magnetic field coupling. To facilitate systematic analysis, the magnetomotive force (MMF) and airgap flux density considering magnetic coupling effect are deduced and analysed. It contributes to building the relationships between the output torque caused by magnetic coupling and magnetic field harmonics. By introducing the coupling sensitivity coefficient, the coupling harmonics in the inner and outer airgap magnetic fields are obtained. Then, two coupling harmonic groups are further determined in terms of phase difference and torque contribution, where one of them is required to be enhanced and the other is needed to be reduced. On the basis of this, a comprehensive coupling factor is defined purposely to realise the design and evaluation of the characteristics of coupling harmonic groups. Some motor performances are analysed in details, including the torque, torque ripple, overload capability, and so on. Finally, a prototype motor is manufactured to verify the feasibility of the presented studies of the DR motor.
Skin cancer identification utilizing deep learning: A survey
Authors: Meedeniya Dulani , De Silva Senuri , Gamage Lahiru , Isuranga Uditha
Published: September 2024

Melanoma, a highly prevalent and lethal form of skin cancer, has a significant impact globally. The chances of recovery for melanoma patients substantially improve with early detection. Currently, deep learning (DL) methods are gaining popularity in assisting with the early identification of melanoma. Despite their high performance, relying solely on an image classifier undermines the credibility of the application and makes it difficult to understand the rationale behind the model's predictions highlighting the need for Explainable AI (XAI). This study provides a survey on skin cancer identification using DL techniques utilized in studies from 2017 to 2024. Compared to existing survey studies, the authors address the latest related studies covering several public skin cancer image datasets and focusing on segmentation, classification based on convolutional neural networks and vision transformers, and explainability. The analysis and the comparisons of the existing studies will be beneficial for the researchers and developers in this area, to identify the suitable techniques to be used for automated skin cancer image classification. Thereby, the survey findings can be used to implement support applications advancing the skin cancer diagnosis process.
The mixed penalty method for the Signorini problem
Authors: Hu Jingyan , Wang Qi , Zhou Guanyu
Published: September 2024

We investigate two penalty approaches for the Signorini problem in the mixed form. The well-posedness theory has been established for the two mixed penalty problems in both the continuous and discrete sense. For the continuous case, we obtain the error of the penalty for both two approaches. We also study the error estimates of the discrete mixed penalty problems, which depend on the mesh size and the penalty parameter. Based on the two penalty approaches, we design two algorithms and show their convergence. Several numerical experiments are carried out to confirm the theoretical results.
Stellenwert der DXA und des qCT in der Osteoporosediagnostik
Authors: Zolal Amir , Große Kersten , Mißbach Tobias , Silbermann Jörg , Schütz Ludwig , Kirsch Matthias
Published: September 2024

Die bildgebende Osteoporosediagnostik ist entscheidend für die frühzeitige Erkennung und Behandlung der Krankheit. Aktuell gilt die Dual-Röntgen-Absorptiometrie (DXA) als Goldstandard und wird in den deutschen Leitlinien empfohlen. Die DXA hat sich aus einer Reihe diagnostischer Verfahren entwickelt und zeichnet sich durch gut dokumentierte Risikostratifizierung für osteoporotische Frakturen aus. Parallel dazu gewinnt die quantitative Computertomographie (qCT) an Bedeutung, insbesondere für präoperative Diagnostik bei wirbelsäulenchirurgischen Eingriffen.

Die DXA-Methode hat jedoch einige Einschränkungen, wie die fehlende Information über die Knochenmikrostruktur und potenzielle Fehlerquellen durch zweidimensionale Bildgebung. Technische Fortschritte in der qCT, wie die automatisierte Definition von trabekulären Regions of Interest (ROIs), erlauben präzisere Messungen, führen aber zu höherer Strahlenexposition.

Ein Vergleich der beiden Methoden zeigt, dass die DXA aufgrund umfangreicher Studien und Metaanalysen bevorzugt wird, während die Datenlage für die qCT begrenzter ist. Die DXA wird in der DVO-Leitlinie 2023 als Standardverfahren empfohlen, wobei der Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) zusätzliche Informationen liefert. Die qCT hingegen ist weniger standardisiert und basiert auf weniger umfangreichen Studien.

Bezüglich der Anwendung beider Methoden bei instrumentierten Fusionen an der Wirbelsäule zeigt sich, dass die DXA bei Patienten mit Spondylose unzuverlässige Ergebnisse liefern kann. Hier bietet die qCT möglicherweise genauere Informationen zur Knochenmineraldichte, was für die Beurteilung der Schraubenfestigkeit und das Risiko von Komplikationen bei instrumentierten Fusionen wichtig ist. Die deutsche Leitlinie "Spezifischer Kreuzschmerz" und internationale Studien bieten jedoch keine spezifischen Empfehlungen zur Knochendichtemessung vor solchen Eingriffen.

Abschließend ist festzustellen, dass sowohl DXA als auch qCT wichtige Rollen in der Osteoporosediagnostik spielen, aber ihre jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile abgewogen werden müssen. Die DXA bleibt der Goldstandard, während die qCT ergänzende Informationen liefert, insbesondere in Fällen, in denen die DXA durch degenerative Veränderungen beeinträchtigt sein könnte oder im Rahmen der präoperativen Beurteilung einzelner Wirbelkörper.
Störfaktor im Alltag – Refresher: Chemotherapie-induzierte Polyneuropathie
Authors: Heizmann Sabrina
Published: September 2024

Nach einer Chemotherapie fühlen sich viele Klient*innen der Onkologie nicht gesund. Sie leiden unter den Folgen der Nebenwirkungen, die sie teilweise ein Leben lang begleiten, etwa eine Chemotherapie-induzierte periphere Neuropathie (CIPN). Als Ergotherapeut*innen können wir über das Beschwerdebild aufklären, individuelle Betätigungsstrategien erarbeiten sowie evidenzbasierte Maßnahmen mit Betroffenen gemeinsam besprechen und auswählen.
Den Akku aufladen – Dopamin-Batterie als Methode bei ADHS
Authors: Kloos Karina
Published: September 2024

Der Neurotransmitter Dopamin beeinflusst unsere Vorfreude, Motivation und damit auch die Entscheidung, welche Betätigungen wir (gerne) durchführen. Bei Menschen mit ADHS kann es vorkommen, dass die Dopaminproduktion und -verarbeitung anders verläuft. Sie können dann die Methode der Dopamin-Batterie nutzen, um sich ihres Betätigungsverhaltens bewusst zu werden und es – wenn gewünscht – zu verändern.
Die Maus als Rennpferd der genetischen Forschung
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Auf dem West German Lymphoma Symposium in Essen stellten zahlreiche Arbeitsgruppen in Kurzvorträgen und Postern ihre Arbeit in der onkologischen Basis- und Translationsforschung vor.
Neue zielgerichtete Therapien auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Der bispezifische anti-EGFR/c-MET-Antikörper MCLA-129 wird derzeit bei verschiedenen Tumoren mit c-Met-Mutationen untersucht (NCT04868877). Auf dem ASCO 2024 wurden erste Ergebnisse einer offenen multizentrischen Phase-I/II-Studie bei Patient*innen mit nicht kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) im fortschrittenen/metastasierten Stadium (NCT04868877) präsentiert [1].
Durvalumab mit Gesamtüberlebensvorteil
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

In der Phase-III-Studie ADRIATIC zeigte Durvalumab (Imfinzi®) bei Patient*innen mit lokal begrenztem kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (LS-SCLC) als bisher einzige Immuntherapie einen Gesamtüberlebensvorteil versus Placebo. Nach Ansicht von Studienarzt Dr. David R. Spigel, Nashville, TN, USA, und unabhängigen Beobachtern werden die Ergebnisse der Studie die seit Jahrzehnten kaum veränderte Therapie des LS-SCLC verändern.
Spielfreude bis ins hohe Alter – „Bewegen ist Leben“
Authors: Teetz Christiane
Published: September 2024

Luftballons, Marmeladendeckel, Eierkartons – mit Alltagsgegenständen bringt der Niederländer Joël Kruisselbrink alte Menschen in Bewegung und landet damit einen viralen Erfolg nach dem anderen. Auch viele Therapeut*innen folgen seinen Social-Media-Accounts. Lesen Sie, was seine Methode von anderen unterscheidet und warum sie so gut funktioniert.
Erste Daten zur Immuntherapie mit Cemiplimab
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2024

Eine Phase-II-Studie spricht für die vielversprechende Effektivität des Checkpoint-Inhibitors (CPI) Cemiplimab beim lokal fortgeschrittenen oder metastasierten sekundären Angiosarkom.
Östrogen allein verdoppelt Risiko für Eierstockkrebs
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2024

Langzeitergebnisse der Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) über 20 Jahre weisen darauf hin, dass die alleinige Einnahme von konjugierten equinen Östrogenen (CEE) gegen Wechseljahrsbeschwerden das Risiko für Eierstockkrebs erhöht. Anders bei kombinierter Gabe von CEE plus Medroxyprogesteronacetat (MPA): Diese erhöht dieses Risiko nicht, senkt dagegen das für Endometriumkarzinome.
Subgruppenanalyse bei Patient*innen mit nur einer Vortherapie
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Prof. Luciano Costa, Birmingham, stellte auf dem ASCO 2024 eine Subgruppenanalyse der Phase-III-Studie CARTITUDE-4 bei Myelom-Patient*innen mit Lenalidomid-Resistenz und einer Vortherapie vor. Dort war Ciltacabtagene-Autoleucel (Cilta-cel) wirksam bei Patient*innen mit/ohne funktioneller Hochrisiko-Erkrankung und suboptimalem Ansprechen auf eine autologe Stammzelltransplantation (ASZT). Beim Sicherheitsprofil gab es keine neuen Signale.
Erfolgreiche CRS-Prophylaxe unter Therapie mit Teclistamab
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Auf dem ASCO 2024 wurden Langzeitdaten aus der offenen, einarmigen Phase-I/II-Studie MajesTEC-1 zur Prophylaxe des Zytokin-Freisetzungssyndroms (CRS) unter Therapie mit dem BCMA-gerichteten bispezifischen Antikörper Teclistamab bei Patient*innen mit rezidiviertem/refraktärem multiplem Myelom (rrMM) vorgestellt.
Positive Überlebensdaten für Belantamab mafodotin-haltiges Triplet
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Bei Patient*innen mit rezidiviertem/refraktärem multiplem Myelom hat die Dreifach-Kombination mit Belantamab mafodotin plus Pomalidomid plus Dexamethason (PomDex) gegenüber dem Standard-Triplet Bortezomib plus PomDex (BPd) ein signifikant besseres progressionsfreies Überleben (PFS) gezeigt. Dies ergab eine aktuelle Auswertung der Phase-III-Studie DREAMM-8.
Immunkombination plus TACE mit handhabbarem Sicherheitsprofil
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

In der Phase-III-Studie EMERALD-1 verbesserten Durvalumab (d) plus Bevacizumab (B) plus eine transarterielle Chemoembolisierung (TACE) beim nicht resezierbaren hepatozellulären Karzinom (HCC) das mediane progressionsfreie Überleben (PFS; primärer Endpunkt) versus Placebo signifikant auf 15,0 vs. 8,2 Monate (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0,77: 95 % Konfidenzintervall [KI] 0,61–0,98). Eine Post-hoc-Analyse zeigt jetzt das Sicherheitsprofil unter den Therapiearmen D-TACE und D-B.
PFS-Risiko um 84 % reduziert
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

In der auf dem ASCO 2024 vorgestellten Phase-III-Studie LAURA konnte jetzt gezeigt werden, dass eine zielgerichtete Therapie mit Osimertinib als erstem und einzigem EGFR-Inhibitor einen signifikanten Vorteil zeigt und das mediane progressionsfreie Überleben (PFS) um mehr als 3 Jahre auf 39,1 gegenüber 5,6 Monate unter Placebo verlängert (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0,16; 95 % Konfidenzintervall [KI] 0,10–0,24; p < 0,001).
BrECADD mit signifikantem Überlebensvorteil versus BEACOPP
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Erwachsene mit fortgeschrittenem klassischem Hodgkin-Lymphom (AS-cHL) wurden bislang mit dem eskalierten BEACOPP-Protokoll behandelt. Da das BEACOPP-Protokoll eine ausgeprägte kurz- und langfristige Toxizität besitzt, untersuchte die Deutsche Hodgkin-Studiengruppe (GHSG) in der HD21-Studie mit dem BrECADD-Protokoll eine weniger toxische Strategie. Die auf dem ASCO 2024 vorgestellten Daten zeigen, dass das BrECADD-Protokoll die Kriterien für Nicht-Unterlegenheit nicht nur erfüllte, sondern sogar ein signifikant längeres progressionsfreies Überleben (PFS) erreichte, wie Prof. Dr. Peter Borchmann, Köln, berichtete.
Subjektive Bedeutung der psychotherapeutischen Begleitung im Rahmen der Transition von trans* Personen – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Albrecht Chris William André , Thiel Carolin , Luck-Sikorski Claudia , Frese Thomas
Published: September 2024

Einleitung Auf Basis aktueller Standards der Behandlung wird international davon ausgegangen, dass eine vom biologischen Geschlecht abweichende Geschlechtsidentität keine psychische Erkrankung darstellt. Jedoch fordert der Medizinische Dienst des Spitzenverbandes Bund der Krankenkassen (MDS) die Absolvierung einer Psychotherapie, bevor sie trans* Personen entsprechende Leistungen im Rahmen des Prozesses geschlechtsangleichender Maßnahmen gewähren. Betroffene müssen so nach wie vor in Kauf nehmen, dass ihre geschlechtliche Selbstdefinition mit einer Diagnose versehen wird, auch wenn bei ihnen ansonsten kein psychischer Leidensdruck besteht. Hieraus entstehen seither Konflikte. Einerseits wird durch Vergabe der Diagnose der Zugang zu medizinischen Maßnahmen ermöglicht, andererseits werden Geschlechtsidentitäten (psycho-)pathologisiert.

Forschungsziele Trans* Personen berichten dementsprechend aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven von der psychotherapeutischen Begleittherapie im Rahmen ihrer Transition. Die Studie exploriert jene Erfahrungen und Einstellungen behandlungssuchender trans* Personen.

Methoden Hierzu wurde eine qualitative Untersuchung durchgeführt. Die Datenerhebung basierte auf 20 leitfadengestützten, teilstrukturierten Interviews, welche inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse gewähren einen differenzierten Einblick aus der Perspektive Betroffener. Die Auswertungen zeigen mehrheitlich positive Einstellungen hinsichtlich der Begleittherapie, welche den Zugang zu körpermodifizierenden Maßnahmen ermöglicht und sich primär durch die Gestaltung der therapeutischen Beziehung auszeichnet. Eine bedarfsgerechte psychotherapeutische Begleitung kann den Selbstwert, die Selbstakzeptanz und das Selbstbewusstsein betroffener trans* Personen positiv beeinflussen. Zugleich problematisieren die Daten jedoch den Therapiezwang und zeigen gravierende Schwachstellen des Versorgungssystems auf.

Schlussfolgerung Eine bedarfsgerechte begleitende Psychotherapie ist für trans* Personen in Deutschland von Bedeutung und zeichnet sich durch eine vertrauensvolle und trans*-sensible Gestaltung der Beziehung zwischen Patient*in und Therapeut*in aus.
Besonderheiten der medikamentösen Therapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen
im höheren Lebensalter
Authors: Leipe Jan , Schwaan Johanna
Published: September 2024

Mit zunehmendem Alter verändern sich Pharmakokinetik und -dynamik von
Arzneimitteln, insbesondere bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion. Beispielsweise
sollte Methotrexat bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion vermieden werden, während
Leflunomid unabhängig vom Nierenstatus dosiert werden kann. Biologische DMARDs
(bDMARDs) sind oft vorteilhaft, werden aber bei älteren Patienten seltener
verordnet. Polypharmazie erhöht das Risiko von Arzneimittelinteraktionen und
unerwünschten Wirkungen. Eine regelmäßige Überwachung und Anpassung der Therapie
ist unerlässlich. Methotrexat sollte nicht mit hochdosiertem ASS oder
Cotrimoxazol und bei Patienten über 80 Jahren nicht mit Metamizol kombiniert
werden, um schwerwiegende Komplikationen zu vermeiden. Kognitive
Beeinträchtigungen sind bei älteren Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen
häufig und beeinflussen die Therapietreue und -wirksamkeit. Während
Glukokortikoide das Risiko für kognitive Beeinträchtigungen erhöhen, zeigen
bDMARDs möglicherweise protektive Effekte. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um
diese Zusammenhänge besser zu verstehen und die Therapien entsprechend
anzupassen.
Sub-optimal therapy of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in the real-life stetting of the German PBC cohort
Authors: Wiegand Johannes , Franke Annegret , Müller Tobias , Stein Kerstin , Bantel Heike , Günther Rainer , Denk Gerald , Reuken Philipp A. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Naumann Uwe , Böttler Tobias , Weber Andreas , Zeuzem Stefan , Hinz Matthias , Greinert Robin , Berg Christoph , Wissniowski Thaddäus Till , Simon Karl-Georg , Trebicka Jonel , Behrens Rüdiger , Grümmer Harald , Hofmann Wolf Peter , Dikopoulos Nektarios , Sarrazin Christoph , Roeb Elke , Kremer Andreas E. , Muche Marion , Ringelhan Marc , Teufel Andreas , Michl Patrick , Keitel Verena , Marquardt Jens U. , Kautz Achim , Tacke Frank , Piotrowski Katja , Köppe-Bauernfeind Nicole , Trautwein Christian , Berg Thomas
Published: September 2024

Real-world data on the management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are so far scarce in Germany. Therefore, we aimed to establish a nationwide registry and describe the clinical characteristics and therapy of PBC patients.

Three different cohorts defined as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) responders, as inadequate responders according to Paris II criteria, and as newly diagnosed patients were prospectively recruited.

This manuscript includes the baseline data of the project.

In total, 33/77 (43%) contacted centres (58% of university hospitals, 38% of non-university hospitals, and 24% of private practices) recruited 515 patients including 204 UDCA responders, 221 inadequate responders to UDCA, and 90 newly diagnosed patients.

All patients were treated with UDCA; however, a UDCA dosage below the recommended dosage of 13 mg/kg/d was observed in 38.5% of individuals after 12 months of treatment. UDCA dosages were lower in nonacademic compared to academic centres.

Only 75/219 (38.5%) of inadequate responders to UDCA received a second-line therapy with obeticholic acid (OCA) and/or bezafibrate (BZF). OCA (13% vs. 4.5%) and BZF (14% vs. 6.5%) were significantly more often prescribed by academic vs. nonacademic centres.

Pruritus (27% vs. 15.5%), fatigue (23% vs. 4.5%), and sicca syndrome (14% vs. 1%) were significantly more often reported by academic centres.

The German PBC registry could be established, which indicates suboptimal therapy in a relevant proportion of patients and shows significant differences between academic and nonacademic centres. Results are fundamental to improving clinical management at different levels of care.
Umgang mit der Ambulantisierung und der Hybrid-DRG – Auswirkungen auf die Kliniken
Authors: Wilke Ralf Michael
Published: September 2024

Die Hybrid-DRG ist eine neue Vergütungsform im deutschen Gesundheitswesen. Für alle Sektoren gelten ausgewählte OPS-Codes, die in Kombination mit einer ebenfalls vorgegebenen ICD ein pauschales Entgelt ergeben, unabhängig, ob der Patient ambulant oder stationär geführt wird. Diese neue Abrechnungsform hat enorme Auswirkungen auf die Krankenhäuser. Die Erlössituation ist deutlich schlechter als zu der vorherigen Abrechnungsform und setzt Anpassungen an den Standorten voraus. Würden diese Änderungen nicht vorgenommen werden, wäre die Versorgung nachweislich defizitär. Daher ist eine verstärkte Auslagerung in ein ambulantes Setting notwendig. Die Vorteile sind der effiziente Einsatz von Personal und eine strukturierte Selektion von Patienten. Idealerweise sind die ambulanten Operationseinheiten hier im Vorteil, jedoch können auch über separate Bereiche im Zentral-OP ambulante Pfade neu geschaffen werden. Am Beispiel der Leistenhernie können bei optimierter Selektion über 50% der
Patienten ambulant versorgt werden. Nachteilig bei dieser Abrechnungsform sind die nötigen finanziellen Reserven für Innovationen, Ausbildung und Einsatz teurer operativer Hilfsmittel. Mit Hinzunahme der Narbenhernie 2025 in den Hybridkatalog wird die zukünftige Versorgung kostenorientierter werden.
Cognitive Effects of Heading in Professional Football: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Patel Liam , Tarafder Julikram , Ronca Flaminia
Published: September 2024

Large cohort studies have reported that former professional football players have
an increased risk of mortality from neurodegenerative disease. Due to emerging
concerns regarding the safety of heading the technique is now banned for players
under 12. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association
between heading exposure and cognitive function in professional football
players. A search strategy was devised and entered into seven electronic
databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, SportDiscus and
PEDro. The search identified 563 records. After screening records and applying
the eligibility criteria, nine cross-sectional studies (n=925) were included in
the review, investigating 452 current and 473 former players (859 males, 66
females). Six studies (n=595) reported evidence for an association between
heading and impaired cognitive function, while three studies (n=330) reported no
association. Diverse cognitive domains were investigated, which might underline
the disparity in these results. The association between heading and cognitive
function in professional football appears likely but remains inconclusive.
Methodological heterogeneity and variability in the presentation of results
limits the conclusions drawn. Prospective longitudinal studies using
standardised methods, and including females, are required to provide evidence to
support or refute an association.
Deep Learning-Based Self-Adaptive Evolution of Enzymes
Authors: Jiang Shuiqin , Yi Dong
Published: September 2024

Biocatalysis has been widely used to prepare drug leads and intermediates. Enzymatic synthesis has advantages, mainly in terms of strict chirality and regional selectivity compared with chemical methods. However, the enzymatic properties of wild-type enzymes may or may not meet the requirements for biopharmaceutical applications. Therefore, protein engineering is required to improve their catalytic activities. Thanks to advances in algorithmic models and the accumulation of immense biological data, artificial intelligence can provide novel approaches for the functional evolution of enzymes. Deep learning has the advantage of learning functions that can predict the properties of previously unknown protein sequences. Deep learning-based computational algorithms can intelligently navigate the sequence space and reduce the screening burden during evolution. Thus, intelligent computational design combined with laboratory evolution is a powerful and potentially versatile strategy for developing enzymes with novel functions. Herein, we introduce and summarize deep-learning-assisted enzyme functional adaptive evolution strategies based on recent studies on the application of deep learning in enzyme design and evolution. Altogether, with the developments of technology and the accumulation of data for the characterization of enzyme functions, artificial intelligence may become a powerful tool for the design and evolution of intelligent enzymes in the future.