bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P vs NP: P is Equal to NP: Desired Proof
Authors: Chotchaeva Zulfia A.
Published: September 2021

Computations and computational complexity are fundamental for mathematics and all computer science, including web load time, cryptography (cryptocurrency mining), cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, game theory, multimedia processing, computational physics, biology (for instance, in protein structure prediction), chemistry, and the P vs. NP problem that has been singled out as one of the most challenging open problems in computer science and has great importance as this would essentially solve all the algorithmic problems that we have today if the problem is solved, but the existing complexity is deprecated and does not solve complex computations of tasks that appear in the new digital age as efficiently as it needs. Therefore, we need to realize a new complexity to solve these tasks more rapidly and easily. This paper presents proof of the equality of P and NP complexity classes when the NP problem is not harder to compute than to verify in polynomial time if we forget recursion that takes exponential running time and goes to regress only (every problem in NP can be solved in exponential time, and so it is recursive, this is a key concept that exists, but recursion does not solve the NP problems efficiently). The paper’s goal is to prove the existence of an algorithm solving the NP task in polynomial running time. We get the desired reduction of the exponential problem to the polynomial problem that takes O(log n) complexity.
DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS IN VILLAGES
Authors: Petkova Kamelia
Published: September 2021

Poverty in the villages is an acute socio-economic phenomenon that attracts negative demographic trends affecting economic development, including the quality of human capital and living conditions. Having predicted the worsened demographic structure of the population in these areas, which is reflected in a progressive increase in the age and age of young people aged 0-17. it is necessary to identify those categories of drugs for which the highest risk of living in poverty is required. A number of sociological and statistical surveys show that poor rural households have specific age, educational and socio-economic characteristics. Research interest is to reveal what this specific is? Here valuable information is provided by the published studies on poverty at the national level and the corresponding cuts on the city-village axis (see EU-SILC, 2016, UNICEF, Word Bank). A necessary clarification: In Stratifying literature, there is no clear distinction between "family" and "household" as observed in demography or family sociology [4:35]. Speaking of a family, it is often treated as a social group that conforms to norms and values in a society that lives in a particular economic (lifestyle) and cultural context (values, norms) [1]. "Its members are under the same roof and create a home farm that can unite two, but often three generations" [5]. In stratification, we are interested in both the family and the household, and more often the object of attention is the household, insofar as it is mostly the "group carrier of the redeployed material wealth and income, as well as of a given socio-demographic status" [4:35]. It is necessary to assign to all interested persons and persons who wish to benefit from their own goals and effectiveness. On the basis of the secondary analysis of the data from the "Income and Animal Statistics" panel, the results of the long-term interviews with the beneficiaries of households and citizens will be checked of tested households. Regardless of the measures taken to date in this area, the efforts of the state institutions should continue in order to create opportunities for rural poverty reduction, in which problems related to the limited opportunities for labor are becoming more and more popular. Considering the worsened demographic structure of the population in these areas, consisting in a gradual increase in the share of elderly people and respectively in the reduction of the young people in the 0-17 age range, it is necessary that the efforts of all stakeholders are prioritized towards the following categories of persons, for whom there is the highest risk of living in rural poverty. These are: households of single parents with children and large households; Unemployed households; households where household members have low or no educational level and households of representatives of the Roma ethnic community.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Magdicheva-Shopova Mariјa , Ristevska – Jovanovska Snezana , Bardarova Snezana
Published: September 2021

The pronounced globalization changes and the high degree of digitization are everyday in the modern work that cause changes in the operation of enterprises, regardless of the size and type of activity it performs. In this regard, the Internet as an informative medium is a part of everyday life, and the adoption of a certain decision for the future business activity is related to the consideration of various social media Social media is a powerful communication medium, but also a tool for sharing information about the business. Through social media, businesses have the opportunity to follow the latest trends, opportunities and analysis and actively participate in the business environment where customers are present and interconnected. Social networking is part of the day-to-day operation of enterprises. Small businesses are increasingly using social media as a marketing tool to improve customer relationships. From the content point of view, the paper will explain the characteristics of social media, the differences between traditional and social media as marketing tools and the factors that contribute to the increased use of social media in everyday work. The subject of this paper's research is focused on perceiving the importance and influence of social media on the development of small enterprises in the Republic of Macedonia. For this purpose, practical research has been conducted. The conducted analysis of the environment and the results of the conducted research confirm the established hypotheses that social media represent a real need for all enterprises and entrepreneurs need education to gain knowledge about the opportunities offered by social media. On the basis of the obtained results from the conducted research will be given suggestions and directions in order to efficiently exploit the possibilities of social media and improve the performance of enterprises in order to adjust the contemporary processes.
MARKETING ACCESS FOR THE GLOBAL MARKET
Authors: Dukoska Katerina
Published: September 2021

The company in the global economy is persisting in the production of goods that people want and are able to buy. Accordingly, it is essential to determine the market consumption to gain insight into the company's continued existence and resilience in the event that there is no potential threat to liquidation. Many companies today focus their focus on consumers (or towards the market). This implies that companies focus their activities and products on customer requirements. In general, there are three ways to do this: an approach to consumers, an approach to recognizing market changes and an approach to product innovation. In the approach to consumers, the wishes of the buyer are the drivers of all strategic marketing decisions. No strategy has been put into use until it passes the consumer research test. Every aspect of market supply, including the nature of the product itself, is driven by the needs of potential consumers. In this type of business, the firm's marketing department is often seen as a prime importance for the level of the organization's performance. The information from the marketing department of the organization will be used to guide the actions of other departments in the company. As an example, we can assume that the marketing department through marketing research can establish that consumers want a new kind of product or a new use of the already known product. Based on this knowledge, the marketing department will inform the research and development department on the basis of new wishes of consumers to create a prototype product / service. Then, the production department will start to produce the product, while the marketing department will focus on promotion, distribution, price and the like of the product. The company's financing section will additionally be consulted, taking into account the costs of financing the development, production and promotion of the product. Conflicts between departments can occur if the firm joins only the marketing orientation. Production may oppose the introduction, maintenance and provision of investments that may be needed to promote a new product. It is crucial to say that a company that plays on the global market must have a strategy that can be used to gain a competitive advantage. Every company needs to have a strategy for appearance on the global market in order to gain the opportunity to progress. It is crucial to create the conditions for advancing the company by choosing the right marketing strategy. This is necessary for the following reasons: - Direct the work of the company - Give an insight into the necessary expenses - Allows the company to gain a competitive advantage
TENDENCIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS SERVICES
Authors: Banabakova Vanya
Published: September 2021

As a stable tendency in economic life the application of outsourcing has been practiced in different areas. The main reasons for this are the globalizations and the fast development of technologies. Due to logistics outsourcing the definition for ―logistics service‖ and classification of the logistics services have to be made. The logistics services are the final result of the whole logistics process which is a complex of elements, activities and operations that have to provide with quality logistics service. The joining of the providers of the logistics services is defined as a ―logistics sector‖. The structure of the logistics sector is defined by the relative distribution of the different kinds of providers who are differentiated as per the level of development. The variety of different types of providers of logistics services depending on the level of their development, shows that they are aspired to meet the increased customer requirements and as a result to begin slowly to expand the scope and characteristics of their services. The development of the logistics services in the country is complicated by the conditions that the macro environment has been provided. The logistics infrastructure, owned by the country, falls behind in it is development despite the targeted efforts in recent years in some areas, mainly in the field of land infrastructure logistics sites. There is a change in the type of organizations in the logistics sector. The meaning of the forwarding activities among the providers of logistics services in Bulgaria has been decreasing. The percentage of forwarders is reduced at the expense of transport, forwarding and logistics organizations. The share of the couriers is not small compared to the organizations that have been established in recent years. The sector is composed mainly of small organizations. A positive trend is the expansion of the package of logistics services offered by organizations in Bulgaria. About 30% of organizations offer more than half of the main logistics services. But on the market of logistics services in Bulgaria traditional services related to transport, storage and forwarding are predominating. The development of logistics in the country is strongly influenced by the growing importance of logistics services for the national economy. Logistics is becoming more and more tangible in services, including supply chain management as a type of service. At the macro and micro levels, however, efforts are already focused on preventing the negative impact of logistics on the environment. On this basis, green logistics, sustainable logistics, green supply chains and their management have evolved over recent years. The purpose of this paper is to outline the state and trends of development of logistics services in Bulgaria.
INTERCONNECTION OF TRANSPORT AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors: Lakićević Marija , Durkalić Danijela , Ţarevac Bošković Milica
Published: September 2021

The interconnection of tourism and transport activity is present at all levels of development of society and economy. The occurrence of rail, then car and plane has led to the transformation of tourism from an individual into a mass phenomenon. The general economic expansion, the rise in living standards, and especially the rapid development of tourism in the 20th century, have had a significant impact on the overall transport system, and especially on change of means of transport. The sudden development of motor vehicles is the beginning of the The Second Transportation Revolution, and at the same time other revolutions in tourism. Tourism is the sector that records the highest growth in the world economy. The aim of this paper is to examine the analysis of interconnections and relations between transport and tourism industry. Tourism and transport are interconnected phenomena, where all major epochs in the development of transport becoming the turning points in the development of tourism. Transportation is an integral part of the tourism industry since it connects tourists with various tourist attractions. In most countries, the development of tourism depends on the development of the transportation system. The promotion and development of tourism depends directly on the development of the transport system (road, maritime, air, rail, river and PTT traffic), maintenance and construction of existing roads, construction and maintenance of railways and air traffic, as well as the construction of local airports and the improvement of flight operations. Serbia has relatively favorable natural and material conditions for the development of various types of traffic in accordance with the requirements of domestic and foreign tourists. Road traffic has a dual importance for tourism. First of all, it allows tourists to travel on vacation with certain advantages that consist of being able to go directly from home, at will, to choose the time of departure, the route and speed they will travel, and the choice of travel companions depends on them. One of the main reasons that led to massive use of cars for tourist purposes is their economic efficiency. The connection between tourism and transport is also evident in the fact that many roads that serve primarily for tourism are built. Air traffic has opened new destinations and tourist forms, such as long distance trips.
INCREASING ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS A COMPONENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL
Authors: Cvetanović Dušan , Despotović Lena , Ribać Sretko
Published: September 2021

Human capital is a key production resource that is available to the greatest part of population. The investments in education and training contribute to the growth of economic efficiency. There are many proofs in support of the thesis that investment in education is stimulating to economic growth, course of average labour productivity and growth of real earnings. There is a strong correlation between the education and earnings: higher educational level implies higher level of wages, while higher salaries further motivate people to acquire permanent education. Human capital practically vanishes unless it is used. In such cases, human capital acts consistently nearly equally to financial capital, by displacing into the environments where higher yields are expected. The above explicated approach to research is often criticised, especially bearing in mind its static character. In real life, the degree of material embodiment of human capital is mostly the function of ability of involvement in activities of lifelong education and acquisition of practical skills. Economic value of human capital depends on its contribution to creation of values of goods and services. Hence, the possibility that certain components of human capital are highly evaluated at specific time and in particular environment, while without any significance in other circumstances should be always borne in mind. Relative value of particular components of human capital greatly depend on the stage of economic and social development of a country where their meaning is perceived. In present conditions of earning, in the process of creation of human capital, the activities directed towards lifelong education and professional advancement and digital literacy have become increasingly significant. Education, and especially higher education, contributes to economic and social development of certain communities in most various ways. In accordance with the approach to basic needs, education is increasingly recognised as an elementary need which helps to satisfy many other needs and contributes to the life quality improvement. In the educational policy, rapid development of technology imposes two key conclusions. The first is that education should be directed towards the capability of acquisition of new knowledge during lifetime (the ability to learn is learnt), while the other is dissemination of education to all social strata. The competence of human capital includes the application of new knowledge in everyday practice. Therefore it is not surprising that this form of capital permanently increases its participation in the structure of total capital in all contemporary economies. At the same time, the attitude that human capital is a backbone of overall development of each nation (economic, social etc.) is predominant in economic science today, while education is its most significant framework.
MANAGING CORPORATE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Popović Šević Nevenka , Bajalski Beba
Published: September 2021

In business environment, corporate social and environmental responsibility is becoming increasingly an important issue. In today's world there are many components to consider when managing corporate social and environmental responsibility. The most dangerous are: air, water and soil toxifcation, climate change, exhaustion of resources (oil, water, forests), destruction of biological diversity and extermination of animal and plant species, environmental noise pollution, unmanaged waste; which overcome the potential of nature to purify and renew itself. There is no recipe for actualizing corporate social and environmental responsibility. However, the companies should be aware of this fact and accordingly, we may observe that the long term survival in the 21st century depends on wise leaders of companies and learning organizations who would manage CSR and environmental responsibility as an imperative. It is important to take into account philosophical aspect of such kind of managing, where the main questions are: what is the responsibility of the companies that generate long-term competitive advantage and what is type of implication of such success on the environment, society and the consumers. By adopting social and environmental responsible practices, company achieves better performance, reputation and overall commitment. It generally has a positive effect on company‘s support for the environment, adoption of corporate environmental responsibility and green practices. Governmental support strongly creates the effect of green management and encourages policies that are supported by financial aid and technical resources. The meaning of a corporate social and environmental responsibility concept of companies is a conscious ethical investment based on innovations and moral upgrading of managing. Such approach can be seen as an investment for sustainable value creation. The main aim is long term gain. The great social capital and environmental safety can be obtained through such kind of managing approach. It is important to underline that high and middle management can upgrade their ethical approach by managing corporate social and environmental responsibility with high integrity and deep respect for the environment, in order to avoid irreparable form of exploitation. That is the new way of doing business by implementing the understanding for specific needs of different environments, which involves elaborating the new responsible business models. It can be concluded that responsible development of sustainable innovations has to be done in order to respect positive socio-economic, ethical, political and environmental features and differences. Traditional, PR-seeking corporate and environmental responsibility is no longer enough in 21st century, because the paradigm of human survival is inseparable from our global ecosystem. Proactive corporate social and environmental responsibility jointly brings harmony to the whole society.
INTERNAL CHANGES IN ORGANIZATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT BY CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
Authors: Sofijanova Elenica , Andronikov Darko , Kimova Gjorgjina
Published: September 2021

The turbulent times in which organizations exist, create the need for rapid and dynamic changes. The knowledge economy through improved efficiency, cost savings is being replaced-transformed into a creativity economy, in particular creating an economic value of creativity, imagination and innovation. This increases the need for changes initiated by the management team. It involves accepting and implementing new products and technologies, as well as changing organizational behavior through diversified values and organizational culture. Hyper competitive environment implies production changes, technological changes, three critical innovative strategies, research, collaboration and entrepreneurship. Internal changes are planned changes from internal and external forces inside and outside the organization. Customers, competition, technology, economic forces and international markets are elements of external forces, while all internal decisions and work activities are made up of internal forces of change. If a top management team sets a goal for increased organization development, then all activities undergo changes that will lead to the realization of the set goal. However, it should be emphasized that not all employees are enthusiastic, therefore the implementation of the changes is met with resistance. The reasons are numerous, but with increased understanding and confidence, by reducing insecurity and self-interest, barriers can be selectively removed, organizational behavior will move towards the desired change.
NEW POLICY AND LEGISLATION FOR SOCIAL ECONOMY IN BULGARIA
Authors: Ilcheva Maria
Published: September 2021

In 2018 the Bulgarian Government has launched a new legislation on the enterprises of social and solidarity economy as a political sign for the recognition of the role of social economy sector in the country. This was an expected result from the recent trend of development of the social economy in Bulgaria and the growing visibility of the sector and its consolidation with the policies of the European Union. At European policy level social economy and social enterprises are identified as a key instrument for employment and innovations which have a major role in overcoming the poverty and social exclusion. The aim of the law is to regulate the public relations related with the social and solidarity economy, the types of social enterprises and the measures for their support as well as the conditions and the requirements for the activities of social enterprises. As this is the first Bulgarian law on social economy it provides the bases for a public policy which stimulates the development of sector and establishes clear rules for a registry of social enterprises and a methodology for measuring the social added value. Тhe purpose of the current report is to provide an overview of the new policy and legislation in Bulgaria and to analyze the expected effects on the development of the social economy sector.
El Estado y la revolución
Authors: Cohen-Halimi Michèle
Published: September 2021

Dos libros con el mismo título, El Estado y la Revolución, fueron publicados con cuarenta años de diferencia: el primero, escrito en 1877 por el comunero Arthur Arnould, el segundo, en 1917 por Lenin, quien ignoraba por completo el anterior. Su confrontación está anacrónicamente construida y orquestada según el método del “plagio por anticipación”, para medir la fuerza de la resistencia que Arnould opone a la toma ideológica de la Comuna de París por Lenin y captar el irreductible disenso no sólo de los dos revolucionarios, sino, más ampliamente, del comunalismo y el leninismo en su respectiva relación con el poder del Estado y con su destrucción.
Las temporalidades de la política. Marx y el enigma de la Comuna de París
Authors: Torres Sebastián
Published: September 2021

¿Qué nos convoca a pensar la Comuna de París? ¿Cómo volver sobre un acontecimiento que instituye la memoria revolucionaria? Releemos La guerra civil en Francia de Karl Marx para explorar una de las respuestas posibles a la pregunta que actores y espectadores de la Comuna de París se formularon: ¿Qué es la Comuna? Buscamos, con Marx, las vetas de una respuesta que, considerando la temporalidad plural y la heterogeneidad social, permita pensar la relación entre la política, la cuestión social y la historia. Leemos, de esta manera, a la Comuna de París como una primera formulación de aquello que, años después, aparecerá en las cartas a Vera Zasúlich en torno a la comuna rural rusa, para recuperar el enigma de la comuna y su (in)interrumpida reverberación en las luchas revolucionarias.
República, narración histórica y pensamiento
Authors: Arese Laura
Published: September 2021

A lo largo de su obra, Hannah Arendt desarrolla desde distintos ángulos un persistente interés en torno al vínculo entre pensamiento, narración histórica y política. Más precisamente, la autora se interroga sobre la posibilidad y la importancia de alcanzar, a través de cierto ejercicio del pensamiento, una perspectiva política de la historia, que sea apropiable por el campo de la praxis. El presente trabajo se detiene en un momento de esta línea de su pensamiento, situado en el libro Sobre la revolución, de 1963. Sostenemos que en esta obra es posible reconocer una apuesta por la politización de la práctica de la narración histórica, que profundiza a la vez que supone novedades en relación a la tematización de este tópico en la obra arendtiana de la década del cincuenta.
La Commune como nuevo principio democrático
Authors: Maiello Matías
Published: September 2021

El artículo aborda la experiencia de la Comuna de París de 1871 desde el punto de vista de las concepciones de la democracia. Situa su novedad histórica a partir de las visiones contrapuestas de Friedrich Nietzsche y Karl Marx. Expone críticamente algunas de las interpretaciones posteriores sobre el contenido democrático de la Comuna en el marxismo para indagar sobre la especificidad del principio democrático de la Comuna, su novedad y sus diferencias con democracias representativas bajo el capitalismo.
The Relationship of Socio-Economic with Nutritional Status in Toddlers in Meureubo Sub-District West Aceh Regency
Authors: Khairunnas Khairunnas , Husna Arfah , Marniati Marniati
Published: September 2021

Children's health and growth are issues that need continuous attention by various parties, such as the government and family. As a result of malnutrition status in infancy can cause growth retardation, causing toddlers to be lazy to do activities related to energy production, disruption of the toddler's immune system so they are susceptible to infectious diseases, inhibited optimal brain growth, and changes in behavior exhibited by toddlers such as not calm, easy crying and its ongoing impact is apathetic behavior. Based on the preliminary survey in the Meurebo Sub-District, West Aceh Regency, there were 4 toddlers suffering from malnutrition and 11 people with underweight nutritional status. The aims of study was to look at the socio-economic relationship with nutritional status of toddlers. This study uses quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach using a chi-square test with a standard error of 0.05. The population of this study were 46 peoples with those taken based on sample distribution. The results obtained by the value of sig = 0.007 which means smaller than the value of α = 0.05, so it can be concluded a significant relationship between socio-economic and nutritional status of toddler
Knowledge Study, Income Level and Socio-Culture of the Nutritional Status of toddler
Authors: Marniati Marniati , Putri Enda Silvia , Sriwahyuni Susy , Khairunnas Khairunnas , Duana Maiza
Published: September 2021

Toddler Nutrition Status Is a state of balance or manifestation of nutrition in the form of certain variables. The high incidence of malnutrition in Suka Makmue Subdistrict is centered as the main target in improving nutrition. The objective is to analyze the Knowledge Study of Income and Social Culture Level of Toddler Nutrition status in Blang Muling Village, Suka Makmue Subdistrict, Nagan Raya Regency. This type of research is Analytical Surveys with cross-sectional approach. The total number of samples is 33 mothers of toddlers. Univariate and Bivariate analyzes were further tested with Chi Square. The results after a deeper study of the three variables have an influence on the nutritional status of children under five namely Knowledge (Pvalue 0,000 <α 0.05), income level (Pvalue 0.001 <α 0.05), and socio-cultural (Pvalue 0.003 <α 0.05) . Suggestion Health workers should be more active in delivering information about the importance of the nutritional status of children under five.
The Relation of LBW, Mother’s Height with The Accidence of Stunting in the Children 6-24 months in Aceh Barat Regency
Authors: Mulyani Itza , Marniati Marniati , Ayunda Hanif Muchdatul
Published: September 2021

Stunting is the condition of malnutrition where the height is not as proportional as the age which can be investigated by the measurement of height indicator based on age. Stunting signifies the lack of nutrition condition which has happened for a long time and requires the time for children to grow and to be fully recovered. According to Riskesdas 2013 report, the prevalence of stunting in children under five years is 37,2%. One of the provinces which regarded as a serious category is the Province of Aceh with a prevalence of 41,5% consists of the very short 20,1% and the short around 21.4%. The regency of Aceh Barat is one of the regencies in Aceh province. This regency still confronts severe nutritional issues, one of them is stunting with the prevalence of 40,9%. There are many factors related to the case of stunting, for example LBW (Low body weight), mother’s height.Objective: Knowing relation LBW, mother’s height with the accidence of stunting in the children 6-24 months old in Aceh Barat regency.Method: This study is an analytic observational study with the quantitative method. The design of this study is cross sectional which learn the correlation between independent variables and the dependent variables, where the measurement of both variables was conducted at the same time.Result: From 212 children, there are 55,66% children suffer from stunting. The result of bivariate analysis suggests that the factors related to stunting is low birth-weight (p <0.05). Height of the mother are not related to stunting cases (p> 0.05).Conclusion: the factors related to stunting is low birth-weight.
Relationship On Business Behavior In The Implementation Of Sanitation Hygiene And Food Management In The Home Industry In Johan Districts Pahlawan West Aceh District
Authors: Winandar Aris , Muhammad Riski , Zakiyuddin Zakiyuddin
Published: September 2021

Indonesia has experienced 115 extraordinary events (KLB) due to food poisoning. In addition, it is also known that food poisoning in Indonesia is caused by household processed food products amounting to 40.87% and processed food products amounting to 24.35%. The food home industry in West Aceh is as many as 48 businesses while in Johan Pahlawan District there are as many as 40 businesses. This study aims to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior in the application of sanitation hygiene and food management in the home industry in Johanahlawan subdistrict, Aceh Barat district. This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional design, with a population of 40 with the sample in this study are 40 home industry entrepreneurs in johan Pahlawan district. The sampling technique in this study using the total sampling method. Based on the research results, it shows that the independent variables (attitude and action) have a relationship with food management where Pvalue <α (0.05) while Knowledge has no relationship where Pvalue> α (0.05).To related agencies, to further improve counseling, supervision and monitoring of household Home Industry and to household Home Industry entrepreneurs to further increase their awareness of the importance of managing food well.
Dynamic Pathfinding for Non-Player Character Follower on Game
Authors: Harsadi Paulus , Asmiatun Siti , Putri Astrid Novita
Published: September 2021

Artificial Intellegences in video game are important things that can challenge game player. One of them is creating character or NPC Follower (Non-player character Follower) inside the video game, such as real human/animal attitude. Artificial Intelligences have some techniques in which pathfinding is one of Artificial Intellegence techniques that is more popular in research than other techniques. The ability to do dynamic pathfinding is Dynamic Particle Chain (DPC) algorithm. This algorithm has the ability of flocking behavior called boid to explore the environment. But, the algoritm method moves from one boid’s point to another according to the nearest radius, then it will be able to increase computation time or needed time toward the target. To finish higher computation problem in dynamic pathfinding, the researcher suggests an algorithm that is able to handle dynamic pathfinding process through attractive potential field function of Artificial Potential Field to start pathfinding toward the target and flocking behavior technique to avoid the obstacle. Based on the test result by simulation of moving environment and complex, the computation time of algorithm is faster than comparison algorithms, DPC and Astar. It concludes that the suggested method can be used to decrease computation level in dynamic pathfinding.
Transformation of the Spring High-water and Flood Runoff in the Upper Volga Basin under the Climate Change Impact
Authors:   A.V. Gorbarenko, N.A. Varentsova, M.B. Kireeva
Published: September 2021

An increase in the average annual air temperature in the European territory of Russia against the background of climate change leads to a decrease in water reserves in the flood-forming snow cover. At the same time, an increase in the number of transitions of air temperature through 0 ° С in the area of positive values in winter leads not only to an additional reduction in snow storage by the beginning, but also ensures an increase in the number and size of thaw floods. Changes in the intra-annual distribution of the range and intensity of precipitation entail an increase in the number and magnitude of rainfall floods. Observed transformations in the types of feeding and water regime of the rivers of the basin. Methods. The study posed the task of studying climate change on the hydrological regime of rivers in the Upper Volga basin. To solve it, methods were used to determine the methods for determining the runoff components based on the dismemberment of the hydrograph using the GrWat software package and mapping the results of the results. As part of this task, more than two thousand hydrographs were analyzed, and their long-term trends were analyzed. Results. The analysis showed that on some rivers of the region the volume of flood runoff is already comparable to the volume of flood runoff, which is not typical for the river-European type of water regime. It was found that for some rivers in the region, the volume of runoff during high water decreased by more than 50%, while the volume of runoff during the period of rainfall floods increased by more than 80%,while in the period of thaw practically by 100%.
Deironing of Underground Water with Modified Refractory Chamotte
Authors:   P.A. Klebeko, V.I. Romanovskiy
Published: September 2021

Water from underground sources in Russia and the CIS countries mainly contains higher concentrations of iron and manganese. With a permissible rate of iron content in drinking water of 0.2–0.3 mg/L, its content in groundwater can reach 40 mg/L. To remove excess soluble iron, it is oxidized to insoluble forms. For these purposes, iron removal filters are used. This research describes the preparation of modified catalytic material to intensify the process of deferrization of underground water. Methods. Refractory chamotte of a fraction of 3–5 mm was selected as the base material, and an iron-containing precipitate of the purification of washings waters from iron removal filters was used as the source of iron for the preparation of the precursor solution. As a result of the modification, the formation of a finely dispersed and crystalline structure of hematite on the chamotte surface occurred. The effect of the dose of iron nitrate on the iron content on the surface of the modified material is established. Results. During pilot tests, it was found that an increase in the concentration of iron on the surface from 5.8 wt.% in the initial chamotte to 19.0, 48.7 and 55.8 wt.% in the modified led to an increase in the degree of iron oxidation from Fe2+ to Fe3+ from 41.4% to 65.1, 73.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The proposed method has significant advantages over analogues due to significantly lower energy consumption, resource consumption and impac on environmentt.
Workers’ Health Risk Factors in the Production of Iron Ore Pellets
Authors: Egorova AM , Lutsenko LA , Tatyanyuk TK
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The labor of workers of the main occupations in the mining industry is characterized by a combined effect of occupational risk factors, which can be further aggravated by adverse environmental conditions.
Objective: to study working conditions of employees in the mining industry.
Materials and methods. We conducted a hygienic assessment of the technological process of manufacturing oxidized fluxed and non-fluxed pellets during the extraction of iron ore by surface mining and its further processing into high-quality raw materials for ferrous metallurgy, and a study of harmful physical and chemical factors of the working environment.
Results. We established that a sinter machine operator (Class 3.3 hazard working conditions in the summer time), an operator of the agglomeration and firing furnace (Сlass 3.4), and a bunker operator in the shop for fired pellets (Сlass 3.3) work in hot occupational environment. The average value of the intensity of thermal radiation over the irradiation period
(1.35 hours) for agglomeration and firing furnace operators was 356.2 W/m2 or 2–2.5 times higher than the maximum permissible level. Increased noise levels (Class 3.2) were measured at the workplaces of conveyor, sinter and furnace operators (14.8 % and 9.25 %). At individual workplaces of sintering machine operators, we registered elevated dust concentrations (Class 3.1), noise levels (Classes 3.1 and 3.2), sulfur dioxide concentrations (Class 3.1), and the sum of irritant chemicals (Classes 3.1 and 3.2 by excess of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC)) were recorded. At workplaces and in the service area of the furnaces at agglomeration and roasting, the maximum permissible level was exceeded for dust (Class 3.1), noise (Classes 3.1 and 3.2), sulfur dioxide (Class 3.1), and the sum of irritant chemicals (Classes 3.1 and 3.2).
Conclusions: The hygienic analysis of the technological process of manufacturing iron ore pellets at the pelletizing plant indicates the presence of sources and conditions forming adverse occupational factors posing health risks for workers. In
order to address occupational health and safety issues, it is necessary to introduce comprehensive measures to prevent health disorders in the working population.
Comparative Assessment of the Quality of Aerosol Filters for the Analysis
of Ambient Air Pollution
Authors: Egorova MV , Korotkov VV , Rodionov AS , Grigorieva EV , Gnezdilova VV
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Atmospheric aerosols contain many carcinogenic and toxic substances, a significant part of which is represented by heavy metals. Traditionally, metal analysis is preceded by air sampling on AFA-HA-20 filters; yet, the lack of regulations on permitted background levels of trace elements in the filter material may limit reliability of measurements. Selection of filters with similar technological parameters can be a way to improve analytical accuracy.
Objective: To determine contamination of different types of filters and to establish its effect on the results of spectral analysis of airborne metal concentrations in a large industrial city.
Materials and methods: We analyzed unexposed AFA-HA-20 filters and Merck Millipore MF filters (n = 30 each) for the content of 13 heavy metals identified as priority pollutants within the Federal Clean Air Project. To assess the effect of filter contamination on the analytical error, air sampling was performed by exposing Merck Millipore MF filters at mobile monitoring stations in the city of Lipetsk. The filters were then analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with prior microwave mineralization.
Results: Our findings confirm the repeatedly obtained data on metal contents in null AFA-HA-20 filters and indicate significantly lower levels of contamination of unexposed Millipore MF filters made of mixed cellulose ethers.
Conclusions: The risk of obtaining false positive and false negative results depends on the level and variability of the content of a particular trace metal in the filter. The AFA-HA-20 type of filters traditionally used for ambient air sampling may itself confound measurement result.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY TOWARDS DESIGNING A COMPUTATIONAL THINKING SKILLS BASED MODEL FOR THE DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Ismail Rahimah , Ahmad Azlina , Zaman Halimah Badioze
Published: September 2021

21st century learning requires students to master a variety of future skills. This is important to increase their creativity and ability in solving problems systematically and creatively both in learning and in daily life. In improving thinking and problem-solving skills, Computational Thinking (CT) skills are important skills that need to be mastered by students. They are applicable not only in computer science but can also be applied in various other fields, especially Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). A preliminary study was conducted to identify the requirements to develop a model based on CT skills across STEM for the subject Design and Technology (RBT) in primary school. Results of the preliminary study show that the inability of students to think creatively and solve problems systematically is a contributing factor to problems faced by students in the Project Development part of RBT Year 5. This study explored RBT learning from the perspective of teachers and students. A survey was conducted using an instrument developed to further explore the problems faced by primary school students in the Project Development part of the RBT subject. Data of the survey were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 23.0, for data descriptions.
Implementation of electronic models of water supply and wastewater disposal systems
Authors: Егорова Ю.А. , Коневский Е.В. , Васьковский А.В. , Зайко В.А.
Published: September 2021

За период с 2013 г. ООО «Самарские коммунальные системы» в рамках внедрения и развития электронных моделей систем водоснабжения и водоотведения приобрело программное обеспечение, организовало процесс паспортизации и актуализации сетей водоснабжения и водоотведения, опробовало различные методы поиска скрытых потерь воды на сетях водоснабжения с использованием результатов их гидравлического моделирования, произвело оценку различных перспективных мероприятий развития системы подачи и распределения воды и отведения стоков, сформировало алгоритм взаимодействия различных программных продуктов и сотрудников, работающих с ними, провело работы по обеспечению требований по охране сведений, относящихся к государственной тайне, разработало мероприятия по поддержанию ранее достигнутых результатов по устранению потерь воды. В настоящее время разрабатываются полномасштабные детализированные гидравлические модели систем водоснабжения и водоотведения, отрабатывается механизм передачи данных сбытового подразделения об объемах реализованных услуг непосредственно в гидравлическую модель.

Since 2013, «Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy», LLC, within the framework of the implementation and development of electronic models of water supply and wastewater disposal systems, acquired the software, arranged the process of certification and updating of water distribution and sewer networks, tested various methods of detecting latent water losses in the water distribution networks using the results of hydraulic modeling, assessed various promising measures for the development of the water supply and distribution system and wastewater disposal, developed an algorithm for the interaction of various software products and employees working with them, carried out measures on meeting the requirements for the protection of information related to the National Security Information, developed measures to maintain previously achieved results in eliminating water losses. Currently, full-scale detailed hydraulic models of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems are being developed, a mechanism is being tested for transferring data from the sales department on the volumes of provided services directly to the hydraulic model.