bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in prevention of COVID-19 transmission: A systematic review
Authors: Ernawati Kholis , Cantika Istri Bela , Isaputri Riska Rammadita , Andari Atika Wahyu , Ramadhan Muhammad Fajar , Nathasia Shifa Khaunan , Rifqatussa’adah Rifqatussa’adah , Hasibuan Hayati Sari , Astuti Lina Tri Mugi , Ismail Yunita
Published: March 2021

The research objective was to determine the community's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 with a systematic review approach. The research method used the protocol preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The research variables were sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to prevent COVID 19. The search process for articles was accessed on three electronic journal databases. The article inclusion criteria are quantitative research, primary data, and year of publication (January-July 2020), in English, open access; have gone through the peer review stage, and full-text articles. A descriptive analysis was carried out on each research variable. The results showed ten articles that fit the inclusion criteria, consisting of 100% sociodemographic variables, 90% knowledge, 90% attitude, and 80% behavior. The number of articles with significant research results on knowledge variables (covering aspects of disease recognition, modes of transmission, general symptoms, and methods of prevention) was 61.11% of articles. The number of significant articles on attitude variables (including self-isolation, use of masks, social distancing, COVID-19, and government) was 35.54%. The number of substantial articles on the variable of preventive behavior (including handwashing, social distancing, hand sanitizers, use of masks, and self-isolation) was 45%.
Mattering and life satisfaction among the quarantined adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Prihadi Kususanto Ditto , Lim Edward S.Z. , Sim EeVonne , Chong Kam Yan
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate the role of mattering, trait extraversion and perceived social inclusion in developing the sense of life satisfaction among adults who reside in Malaysia during the quarantine period amidst the Pandemic in March-June 2020. Previous studies indicated that mattering was a robust predictor of life satisfaction; however, the nature of the quarantine might have affected the perception of social inclusion among individuals with certain levels of extraversions. Therefore, we hypothesized a moderated mediation model; mattering will interact with trait extraversion in predicting life satisfaction, and the prediction is mediated by perceived inclusion. Three hundred and ninety participants were voluntarily recruited to respond to scales such as Life Satisfaction Inventory, State Self-Esteem Scale, General Mattering Scale and the extraversion facet in Big Five Inventory. The scales, demography questions, and informed consent were accessible by online link given to the participants through social media. The analysis was conducted by using PROCESS Macro model eight for statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) applying the Bootstrap analysis with 5000 samples and 95% confidence interval. The result suggested that the hypothesis was confirmed; perceived inclusion levels significantly mediated the association between mattering and life satisfaction among individuals with low and moderate levels of extraversion. However, full mediation only applied among the individuals with moderate extraversion, because among those with low extraversion, mattering was still a significant predictor of life satisfaction.
Sex-Specific Control of Human Heart Maturation by the Progesterone Receptor
Authors: Sim Choon Boon , Phipson Belinda , Ziemann Mark , Rafehi Haloom , Mills Richard J. , Watt Kevin I. , Abu-Bonsrah Kwaku D. , Kalathur Ravi K.R. , Voges Holly K. , Dinh Doan T. , ter Huurne Menno , Vivien Celine J. , Kaspi Antony , Kaipananickal Harikrishnan , Hidalgo Alejandro , Delbridge Leanne M.D. , Robker Rebecca L. , Gregorevic Paul , dos Remedios Cristobal G. , Lal Sean , Piers Adam T. , Konstantinov Igor E. , Elliott David A. , El-Osta Assam , Oshlack Alicia , Hudson James E. , Porrello Enzo R.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Despite in-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling embryonic heart development, little is known about the signals governing postnatal maturation of the human heart.

Methods:

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of 54 140 nuclei from 9 human donors was used to profile transcriptional changes in diverse cardiac cell types during maturation from fetal stages to adulthood. Bulk RNA sequencing and the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing were used to further validate transcriptional changes and to profile alterations in the chromatin accessibility landscape in purified cardiomyocyte nuclei from 21 human donors. Functional validation studies of sex steroids implicated in cardiac maturation were performed in human pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac organoids and mice.

Results:

Our data identify the progesterone receptor as a key mediator of sex-dependent transcriptional programs during cardiomyocyte maturation. Functional validation studies in human cardiac organoids and mice demonstrate that the progesterone receptor drives sex-specific metabolic programs and maturation of cardiac contractile properties.

Conclusions:

These data provide a blueprint for understanding human heart maturation in both sexes and reveal an important role for the progesterone receptor in human heart development.
Association of Serum IL-6 (Interleukin 6) With Functional Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Leasure Audrey C. , Kuohn Lindsey R. , Vanent Kevin N. , Bevers Matthew B. , Kimberly W. Taylor , Steiner Thorsten , Mayer Stephan A. , Matouk Charles C. , Sansing Lauren H. , Falcone Guido J. , Sheth Kevin N.
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives:

IL-6 (interleukin 6) is a proinflammatory cytokine and an established biomarker in acute brain injury. We sought to determine whether admission IL-6 levels are associated with severity and functional outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods:

We performed an exploratory analysis of the recombinant activated FAST trial (Factor VII for Acute ICH). Patients with admission serum IL-6 levels were included. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between IL-6 and 90-day modified Rankin Scale. In secondary analyses, we used linear regression to evaluate the association between IL-6 and baseline ICH and perihematomal edema volumes.

Results:

Of 841 enrolled patients, we included 552 (66%) with available admission IL-6 levels (mean age 64 [SD 13], female sex 203 [37%]). IL-6 was associated with poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 4–6; per additional 1 ng/L, odds ratio, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.04–1.63];
P
=0.02) after adjustment for known predictors of outcome after ICH and treatment group. IL-6 was associated with ICH volume after adjustment for age, sex, and ICH location, and this association was modified by location (multivariable interaction,
P
=0.002), with a stronger association seen in lobar (β, 12.51 [95% CI, 6.47–18.55],
P
<0.001) versus nonlobar (β 5.32 [95% CI, 3.36–7.28],
P
<0.001) location. IL-6 was associated with perihematomal edema volume after adjustment for age, sex, ICH volume, and ICH location (β 1.22 [95% CI, 0.15–2.29],
P
=0.03). Treatment group was not associated with IL-6 levels or outcome.

Conclusions:

In the FAST trial population, higher admission IL-6 levels were associated with worse 90-day functional outcome and larger ICH and perihematomal edema volumes.
Comprehensive Methodology for the Evaluation of High-Resolution WRF Multiphysics Precipitation Simulations for Small, Topographically Complex Domains
Authors: Sofokleous Ioannis , Bruggeman Adriana , Michaelides Silas , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Zittis George , Camera Corrado
Published: March 2021

A stepwise evaluation method and a comprehensive scoring approach are proposed and implemented to select a model setup and physics parameterizations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for high-resolution precipitation simulations. The ERA5 reanalysis data were dynamically downscaled to 1-km resolution for the topographically complex domain of the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The performance of the simulations was examined for three domain configurations, two model initialization approaches and 18 combinations of atmospheric physics parameterizations. Two continuous and two categorical scores were used for the evaluation. A new extreme event score, which combines hits and frequency bias, was introduced as a complementary evaluator of extremes. A composite scaled score was used to identify the overall best performing parameterizations. The least errors in mean daily and monthly precipitation amounts and daily extremes were found for the domain configuration with the largest extent and three nested domains. A 5-day initialization frequency did not improve precipitation, relative to 30-day continuous simulations. The parameterization type with the largest impact on precipitation was microphysics. The cumulus parameterization was also found to have an impact on the 1-km nested domain, despite that it was only activated in the coarser “parent” domains. Comparison of simulations with 12-, 4-, and 1-km resolution revealed the better skill of the model at 1 km. The impact of the various model configurations in the small-sized domain was different from the impact in larger model domains; this could be further explored for other atmospheric variables.
Acting as Change Agents: Insight Into Québec Occupational Therapists’ Current Practice: Actions menées à titre d’agents de changement : aperçu des pratiques actuelles parmi les ergothérapeutes du Québec
Authors: Carrier Annie , Éthier Alexandra , Beaudoin Michaël , Hudon Anne , Bédard Denis , Jasmin Emmanuelle , Verville France
Published: March 2021

Background.

Change agents’ actions have been studied mainly from a theoretical perspective.

Purpose.

This study aimed to empirically identify occupational therapists’ actual change agent actions.

Method.

As part of a research partnership with the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists-Québec chapter, we conducted this cross-sectional pilot study using an online survey.

Findings.

The change agent practices of our 103 participants involve many types of actions but show underinvestment in mass communication. Mass communication actions are more frequent when participants have greater experience, additional academic degrees, and training in change agency. Also, occupational therapists with additional academic degrees and change agency training tend to use a wider variety of actions. Finally, our participants’ actions principally target actors in the clinical context, rarely political actors.

Implications.

Our results suggest that occupational therapists can and will invest in the full range of change agent actions provided they can acquire the necessary knowledge and skills.
What is Professionalism in Occupational Therapy? A Concept Analysis: Qu’est-ce que le professionnalisme en ergothérapie? Analyse de ce concept
Authors: Lecours Alexandra , Baril Nancy , Drolet Marie-Josée
Published: March 2021

Background.

Professionalism has been given different definitions over time. These are, commonly theoretical and difficult to operationalize.

Purpose.

This study aimed to provide an operational definition of the concept of professionalism in occupational therapy.

Method.

Based on a concept analysis design, a meta-narrative review was conducted to extract information from 30 occupational therapy manuscripts.

Findings.

Professionalism is a complex competence defined by the manifestation of distinct attitudes and behaviours that support excellence in the occupational therapy practice. In addition, professionalism is forged and evolves according to personal and environmental characteristics. The manifestation of professionalism can lead to positive consequences for occupational therapists, clients, and the discipline, notably contributing to a positive and strong professional identity. Moreover, professionalism is also subject to cultural influences, which leads to variations in its development, manifestations, and consequences.

Implications.

This study offers a contemporary operational definition of professionalism and levers to promote its development and maintenance.
Impact Mapping for Geospatial Reasoning and Decision Making
Authors: Illingworth David A. , Feigh Karen M.
Published: March 2021

Objective

The reported study evaluated a novel approach to aiding geospatial reasoning and decision making.

Background

Impact mapping aims to alleviate the cognitive demands of geospatial tasks in part by externalizing data in the form of an integrated decision surface. This is achieved by aggregating data across multiple sources of information and visualizing their combined utility rather than objective measurements or individual utility. Previous research has shown that geospatial decisions improve when aided in this manner, but it remains unknown if dynamic decision making, often plagued by fatigue and anchoring bias, would benefit similarly.

Method

The experiment implemented a systematic manipulation of the presence of a composite impact map and the number of attributes present in a two-stage disaster relief, resource allocation task to investigate when and how impact mapping is beneficial or deleterious to decision makers.

Results

The presence of the composite impact map increased the utility of selected sites, increased re-planning decisions, reduced information display views, and reduced workload. Generally, the effect of the composite impact map was greater when participants were asked to evaluate more attributes.

Conclusion

Composite impact maps appear to improve repeated geospatial reasoning and minimize anchoring bias because they alleviate the cognitive demands otherwise necessary to interpret and maintain information from multiple attributes.

Application

Data visualization techniques, such as impact mapping, can improve repeated geospatial decision making in environments that include high cognitive demand.
How does policy alienation develop? Exploring street-level bureaucrats’ agency in policy context shift in UK telehealthcare
Authors: Tucker Danielle A , Hendy Jane , Chrysanthaki Theopisti
Published: March 2021

Policies can fail when frontline staff feel they have limited influence on policy implementation (powerlessness) or that policy has little or no personal meaning (meaninglessness) – they become alienated from the policy – but how does this alienation develop? In this article we ask whether policy alienation might be viewed as a process that develops over time: a process that ebbs and flows, interacting with the policy landscape as it shifts, rather than a psychological state. Feelings of alienation can be shared across groups of actors, as they collectively shift and initiate change. This study uses participant observation and interviews with front-line employees as they navigate a UK government policy introducing telehealthcare to improve health management of patients with chronic conditions. We find that: (i) cumulative misalignment between different policy implementation contexts allows policy alienation to develop over time; (ii) the shared experience of alienation in co-worker groups contributes to further misalignment; and (iii) front-line staff use their discretion to respond to policy alienation, which has the power to enhance or destroy policy implementation. We offer an alternative perspective for understanding how policy alienation can be prevented and policy implementation can be enhanced.
Early Reactions to Raul Hilberg’s History of the Holocaust, 1961–7
Authors: Bortz Olof
Published: March 2021

Raul Hilberg’s landmark study of the Holocaust, The Destruction of the European Jews, was published in 1961. This article tells the story of the early response to Hilberg’s book. For the first time, journalists, scholars, intellectuals and representatives of Jewish communities engaged in a debate about the history and political significance of the Holocaust. This debate preceded the controversy surrounding Hannah Arendt’s articles on the trial of Adolf Eichmann and had more far-reaching consequences. Countless reviewers in the American press praised Hilberg’s analysis of the bureaucratic administration of genocide. They noted his conclusion that all of German society was involved in the ‘destruction process’ and its implications for the contemporary West German leadership. Scholars also lauded Hilberg’s book, although some of them criticized his inclusive perpetrator category and argued that he overlooked the importance of Nazi ideology and dictatorship. Hilberg’s claim that Jewish victims abetted their persecutors gave rise to a debate in Jewish journals and newspapers. Writers and historians objected to Hilberg’s purported ignorance of their experiences and of Jewish history. As this article shows, the reception of Hilberg’s work marks a crucial step in the formation of the Holocaust as part of historical consciousness.
The Effect of Staggered Shift Scheduling Mode on Nurses in the COVID-19 Isolation Ward- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Lishan Huang , Li Tang , Lingna Yu , Yuelin Wu , Zixiang Huang , Xiaobo Tian
Published: March 2021

In order to explore the rational use of nursing resources in the epidemic situation of COVID-19, we optimized the shift arrangement in COVID-19 isolation area and constructed a reasonable nursing schedule under the condition of limited human resources. Seventy-eight nurses were arranged in COVID-19 isolation area to work for 1 week according to 3 different shifts: 4 + 4 h, 6 h and 6 h (overlapping by 1 h). Through the form of questionnaire, the comprehensive job satisfaction of 3 different models were compared, and the nursing quality and the consumption of protective equipment under 3 different modes were analyzed. The results showed that the comprehensive job satisfaction and nursing quality of nurses in 6 h (overlapping by 1 h) shift mode were better than those in other shift modes, and the consumption of protective equipment was lower.
Magnitude and outcomes of complex perineal injury – A retrospective analysis of five years’ data from a Level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Agarwal Harshit , Katiyar Anand , Priyadarshani Pratyusha , Kumar Subodh , Gupta Amit , Sagar Sushma
Published: March 2021

Complex perineal injuries pose a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to trauma surgeons. A retrospective review of the hospital records of 29 patients with complex perineal injury following blunt trauma was done. Demographic profile, management and outcomes were collected. Quality of life analysis was conducted for patients with complex perineal injuries who were discharged. The most predominant mode of injury was a road crash: being a pedestrian run over by a heavy motor vehicle. Pelvic fracture was seen in 20, anorectal involvement in 22 and urogenital injuries in 14. Urgent surgical debridement was done in all patients, faecal diversion in 27 and urinary diversion in 14. There were nine deaths, three from haemorrhage, and the remainder from sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction. Complex perineal injury remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. There is a need to ensure adequate rehabilitation services for such patients.
Dynamic multi-objective matrix control for a class of switched systems
Authors: Thamallah Ali , Sakly Anis , M’Sahli Faouzi
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on the tracking and stabilizing issues of a class of discrete switched systems. These systems are characterized by unknown switching sequences, a non-minimum phase, and time-varying or dead modes. In particular, for those governed by an indeterminate switching signal, it is very complicated to synthesize a control law able to systematically approach general reference-tracking difficulties. Taking into account the difficulty to express the dynamic of this class of systems, the present paper presents a new Dynamic matrix control method based on the multi-objective optimization and the truncated impulse response model. The formulation of the optimization problem aims to approach the general step-tracking issues under persistent and indeterminate mode changes and to overcome the stability problem along with retaining as many desirable features of the standard dynamic matrix control (DMC) method as possible.

In addition, the formulated optimization problem integrates estimator variables able to manipulate the optimization procedure in favor of the active mode with an appropriate adjustment. It also provides a progressive and smooth multi-objective control law even in the presence of problems whether in subsystems or switching sequences. Finally, simulation examples and comparison tests are conducted to illustrate the potentiality and effectiveness of the developed method.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Masmoudi Mohamed , Hasnaoui Mehdi , Dgani I , Thabet W , Ben Abdeljalil N , Ch Chébaane , Mighri Khalifa , Driss Nabil
Published: March 2021

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) originating from the external auditory canal are uncommon; only few cases have been reported in the literature. In this article, we report a case of a 35-year-old man who presented with a 6-month history of a gradual swelling in the entrance of the left external auditory meatus associated with hearing loss. The tumor was surgically removed, and histological examination showed spindle-cell proliferation with a collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD34 confirming the diagnosis of an SFT. Although SFTs are benign, complications such as relapses and metastasis after excision were reported. Thus, a careful and long follow-up is recommended.
Mapping the individual and the community in Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin
Published: March 2021

The protests which followed the death of Black citizens killed by White police officers in the United States show us clearly that the question of non-violent democratic theory is on the table as it was 60 years ago. Martin Luther King, Jr. was well aware of this issue when he became the most important leader of America’s Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. King’s recognition of Mahatma Gandhi’s legacy of non-violence helped him in his campaigns for integration and voting rights, while guiding him to democratize the American democracy and re-evaluate the two concepts of ‘individual’ and ‘community’.
Non-Linear Evaluation Model to Analyze Saturation Flow under Weak-Lane-Disciplined Mixed Traffic Stream
Authors: Mondal Satyajit , Gupta Ankit
Published: March 2021

Saturation flow is an essential parameter for the performance evaluation and signal cycle design of an intersection. However, in a weak-lane-disciplined mixed traffic stream, vehicles (mainly motorized two- and three-wheelers) are more interested in forming queues with the behavior of creeping and infiltration through the larger vehicles for a quick dispersion. Consequently, a high rate of discharge can be found in the first few seconds of green, followed by a wavering discharge pattern to the end of the green period. In this context, the present study frames a non-linear evolutionary model (NLEM) to analyze passenger car unit (PCU) and saturation flow value by minimizing the vehicle encroachment and wavering in discharge for mixed traffic stream. Field traffic data was collected from 10 signalized intersections from three different cities of India. The NLEM considers the vehicle discharge during the saturated green interval in the optimization process to analyze PCU and saturation flow value. The result indicates an appropriate estimation of PCU and saturation flow concerning the Highway Capacity Manual. The discharge profile obtained using the proposed model also specifies the model’s aptness in analyzing the effect of vehicle encroachment and wavering throughout the green period. Thus, the proposed NLEM is probably suitable for analyzing the PCU and saturation flow of an intersection where vehicle interaction is sensitive because of a mixed scenario.
The Development Trajectory of Shared Epistemic Agency in Online Collaborative Learning: A Study Combing Network Analysis and Sequential Analysis
Authors: Tan Seng Chee , Wang Xinghua , Li Lu
Published: March 2021

This study explored the development trajectory of shared epistemic agency in online collaborative learning through epistemic network analysis and lag sequential analysis. It was carried out in a postgraduate course with 14 in-service teachers. Drawing on the online discussion data from six sessions and the participants’ academic scores, this study found a nonlinear development trajectory of learners’ shared epistemic agency across the six sessions. The managerial dimension (e.g., regulative and relational actions) mediated the development of learners’ shared epistemic agency. The analysis of different groups’ mean networks and academic performance revealed a tentative relationship between them. Finally, the transition of shared epistemic agency actions in higher-achieving sessions and groups largely followed an upward sequential pattern. This study provides a graphical insight into how students learn in an online collaborative setting and can inform future pedagogical and technological designs of facilitating students’ shared epistemic agency for the creation of collective knowledge.
The joint power of personality and motivation dynamics for occupational success: Bridging two largely separated fields
Authors: Brandt Naemi D , Israel Anne , Becker Michael , Wagner Jenny
Published: March 2021

When establishing a career in adulthood, two major socioemotional ingredients are expected to affect people’s success: how people act (personality) and what motivates them to act this way (motivation). However, little is known about whether and how personality and motivation change together and how their possible dynamic interplay predicts success. We investigated the roles that changes in personality and expectancy beliefs played in explaining occupational success in 4121 participants assessed after high school ( Mage = 22.80, SDage = 0.70; 63% female) and about 20 years later. We used latent change models and moderated structural equation modeling to investigate correlated change and latent change interactions of personality and expectancy beliefs in predicting success. Results illustrated that besides being related in a nomological net, personality and expectancy beliefs also illustrated a strong interrelatedness in change across time. We found the clearest joint change dynamics between emotional stability, conscientiousness, self-concept, and self-efficacy. Changes in personality and expectancy beliefs were furthermore associated with objective and subjective occupational success. The results call for a more integrative view on personality-motivation dynamics across time for understanding the long-term adaptive ingredients of occupational success stories in adulthood.
Question Order Effects in Cross-Cultural Web Probing: Pretesting Behavior and Attitude Questions
Authors: Hadler Patricia
Published: March 2021

Cognitive pretesting is an essential method of piloting questionnaires and ensuring quality of survey data. Web probing has emerged as an innovative method of cognitive pretesting, especially for cross-cultural and web surveys. The order of presenting questions in cognitive pretesting can differ from the order of presentation in the later survey. Yet empirical evidence is missing whether the order of presenting survey questions influences the answers to open-ended probing questions. The present study examines the effect of question order on web probing in the United States and Germany. Results indicate that probe responses are not strongly impacted by question order. However, both content and consistency of probe responses may differ cross-culturally. Implications for cognitive pretesting are discussed.
Diffusion mechanism in cutting Ni-based alloy containing γ′ phase (Ni3Al) with CBN tool based on MD simulation
Authors: Fan YiHang , Wang WenYuan , Hao ZhaoPeng
Published: March 2021

Ni-based alloys are widely used in aerospace because of their high strength and high temperature oxidation resistance. CBN tool is suitable for precision machining of Ni-based alloy. Diffusion wear is an important wear form of CBN tool in the process of cutting Ni-based alloy. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the diffusion phenomenon in the process of cutting Ni-based alloy with CBN tool. In this paper, the cutting model of Ni-based alloy containing γ′ phase (Ni3Al) with CBN tool is established based on the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The self diffusion activation energy of all kinds of atoms in the workpiece and the formation energy of several point defects in the tool are calculated, so as to study in depth the atom diffusion mechanism according to the simulation results. The results show that the atoms in the crystal boundary of the workpiece are the most easily diffused, followed by the atoms in the phase boundary, and the atoms in the lattice are the most difficult to diffuse. When the workpiece atoms diffuse into the tool, it is easier to diffuse into the tool grain boundary than to form interstitial impurity atoms or displacement impurity atoms. It is more difficult to form the substitutional impurity atom than to form the interstitial impurity atom.
Treatment of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patient With Intraoral Tooth Tissue Borne Distractor and Facemask Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Agrawal Akansha Bansal , Kidiyoor Harshavardhan , Patil Morth Anand K.
Published: March 2021

This case report demonstrates the successful use of intraoral distractor/hygenic rapid expander (HYRAX) for rapid maxillary expansion in anteroposterior direction with an adjunctive use of face mask therapy for anterior orthopedic traction of maxillary complex in a cleft patient with concave profile. The patient was a 13-year-old girl who reported with a chief complaint of backwardly positioned upper jaw and a severely forward positioned lower jaw. Therefore, a treatment was chosen in which acrylic bonded rapid maxillary expansion was done with tooth tissue borne intraoral distractor/HYRAX having a different activation schedule along with Dr Henri Petit facemask to treat maxillary retrognathism. As a result, crossbite got corrected and attained a positive jet with no bone loss in cleft area over a period of 5 months which was followed by fixed mechanotherapy achieving a well settled occlusion in 1 year. After completion of expansion and fixed mechanotherapy, ANB became +1 post-treatment which was −4 pretreatment. The prognathic profile was markedly improved by expansion and taking advantage of the remaining growth potential, thus minimizing the chances of surgery later in life. This provided a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery with good long-term stability.
Creatinine Assessment in Non–Steady-State Conditions: A Critical Review
Authors: Nix David E. , Erstad Brian L.
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

To discuss methods for the assessment of creatinine clearance (Clcr) when serum creatinine (SCr) is not at steady state in order to estimate kidney function and apply the estimate to kidney function staging for clinical assessment or drug dosing.

Data Sources:

A PubMed search was conducted from 1976 to mid-January 2021 with other articles identified through review of bibliographies of retrieved articles and citations in Scopus.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Articles assessing Clcr under non–steady-state conditions and studies evaluating predictive equations were selected.

Data Synthesis:

When SCr is systematically changing (ie, trending up or down), kinetic methods to estimate Clcr are appropriate. Estimates from kinetic methods should be individual based and not indexed to body surface area, and careful monitoring is required to confirm predictions as the situation evolves. Standard methods intended for steady-state conditions should not be used to estimate Clcr in patients with unstable SCr.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Creatinine continues to be a monitoring parameter of choice and is an important variable in all the commonly used equations for estimating Clcr and most important for estimating glomerular filtration rate. However, standard methods of estimating Clcr for medication dosing are not accurate under non–steady-state conditions.

Conclusion:

The methods for kinetic clearance estimation and standards methods for clearance estimation, such as the Cockcroft-Gault equation, are mutually exclusive. There are no benefits of using the kinetic method in patients with stable SCr concentrations, and standard equations are not appropriate with unstable SCr concentrations.
Micronodular Thymoma With Lymphoid Stroma: A Trio of Cases, With Diverse-associated Histological Features
Authors: Bakshi Neha , Dhawan Shashi , Rao Seema , Singh Rawat Kishan
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma (MNTLS) is a rare thymoma subtype characterized by distinctive histological appearance, unique clinical profile, and indolent course with good prognosis. In addition to its distinctive morphology, MNTLS may be associated with diverse histological features, such as thymic cysts and conventional thymoma, complicating the diagnostic picture further. Materials and methods. We report herein an account of 3 elderly patients (male—02; female—01), who presented with anterior mediastinal mass, and underwent robotic thymectomy. Microscopic examination revealed MNTLS in all 3 cases. In addition, 2 cases showed associated histological features in the form of a multilocular thymic cyst and conventional (type B2) thymoma, respectively. All 3 patients are doing well without recurrence or metastasis at 34, 28, and 19 months postsurgery. Conclusions. Awareness of this rare thymoma subtype is vital among pathologists to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate patient management. To date, only a few cases of this rare thymoma subtype have been reported in the literature, mostly as single case reports.
New Findings of Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, and Enteropathy X-linked Syndrome (IPEX); Granulomas in Lung and Duodenum
Authors: Duztas Demet Teker , Al-Shadfan Lina , Ozturk Hakan , Yazan Hakan , Cakir Erkan , Ekinci Nurcan Unver³, Ozgur , Dalgic Buket , Rohlfs Meino , Jeske Tim , Klein Christoph , Kotlarz Daniel , Gurkan Odul Egritas
Published: March 2021

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3). IPEX patients frequently show chronic diarrhea (enteropathy) associated with villous atrophies in the small intestine. Our case is different from this classical information in the literature, since he presented with neonatal onset inflammatory bowel disease within the first months of life accompanied by deep ulcers throughout colonic mucosa. Moreover, he developed chronic lung disease during follow-up and histopathological examinations showed granulomas in both gastrointestinal tract and lung parenchyma. Genetic analysis revealed the diagnosis of IPEX syndrome with a germline mutation in FOXP3. Thus, our study provides an unusual presentation of IPEX syndrome with colitis and granulomas presence in histopathological examinations.
Glass bead effects on tribological and mechanical properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride cable used in vehicles as a filler
Authors: Ermis Kemal , Unal Huseyin , Gunay Meltem
Published: March 2021

Glass bead effects on mechanical and tribological properties of the plasticized polyvinyl chloride polymer, which is used for the vehicle's wire and cable insulation, are studied. Glass beads filler is added to the plasticized polyvinyl chloride thermoplastic polymer at ratios of 5, 10, and 20 wt.% by weight in the experimental study. Tensile, hardness, and tribological tests of the plasticized polyvinyl chloride were performed in the study. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, hardness, coefficient of friction, and wear rate values of the glass bead filled plasticized polyvinyl chloride composites were determined for measuring performance. As for the results of the study, the tensile strength, elongation at break, coefficient of friction, and wear rate values decreased while the tensile modulus and hardness values increased with the increase of the glass beads filler content in plasticized polyvinyl chloride composites for use in vehicle’s wire and cable insulation.
Protest at the ballot box: From blank vote to populism
Authors: Aron Hadas , Superti Chiara
Published: March 2021

Populist parties foment discontent with the establishment. Previous studies explored whether sentiments of discontent and protest can predict populist voting. In this paper, we argue that past electoral protest in a community, rather than merely a sense of discontent, is a good predictor of new populist lists and their electoral support. We explore this connection using blank voting, a measure that allows a systematic and unbiased evaluation of protest at the municipal level. We first test our theory on the Italian Five Star Movement (M5S). Controlling for economic and demographic variables, we demonstrate that in municipalities with high blank vote in previous elections, the probability of new M5S lists and M5S vote share were higher. Testing the generalizability of our theory using cross-national populism data, we show that past protest in the form of blank/null voting is a strong predictor of the level of populist rhetoric in a political system.
More than a number: The telephone and the history of digital identification
Authors: Holt Jennifer , Palm Michael
Published: March 2021

This article examines the telephone’s entangled history within contemporary infrastructural systems of ‘big data’, identity and, ultimately, surveillance. It explores the use of telephone numbers, keypads and wires to offer new perspective on the imbrication of telephonic information, interface and infrastructure within contemporary surveillance regimes. The article explores telephone exchanges as arbiters of cultural identities, keypads as the foundation of digital transactions and wireline networks as enacting the transformation of citizens and consumers into digital subjects ripe for commodification and surveillance. Ultimately, this article argues that telephone history – specifically the histories of telephone numbers and keypads as well as infrastructure and policy in the United States – continues to inform contemporary practices of social and economic exchange as they relate to consumer identity, as well as to current discourses about surveillance and privacy in a digital age. This article is based on a paper presented at the Media in Transition symposium (Utrecht, June 28, 2018), in the Industries and Infrastructures panel organised by Judith Keilbach. Also published in this issue of ECS are Amanda D. Lotz, ‘Unpopularity and cultural power in the age of Netflix: new questions for cultural studies’ approaches to television texts’ and Vicki Mayer, ‘From peat to Google power: communications infrastructures and structures of feeling in Groningen.’
Liberating genealogies in Amman: Urban histories between a colonizing legacy and a decolonizing illusion
Authors: Rabady Rama Al , Abu-Khafajah Shatha
Published: March 2021

Colonialism operated in Amman through a matrix of power generated from a Western emphasis on its biblical and classical pasts. The cultural dominance of this matrix persisted in the postcolonial period. It perpetuated the coloniality of knowledge and the coloniality of being as it accentuated Western imperial pasts and marked the local – whether heritage or something else – as marginal. Coloniality is reflected in the successive planning and regeneration projects of Amman’s place of origin: Amman Valley (Wadi Amman). A postcolonial approach is usually used to discuss these projects on the basis of locals’ “otherness” and passivity. However, we shift the discussion toward examining local intelligence as having the power to resist the persistent colonial matrix, using the example of an art initiative by local activists in Wadi Amman as part of its regeneration. Using the concept of decoloniality, this article grapples with local knowledge and being in Wadi Amman and their capacity to turn urban heritage spaces into places of resistance. It reveals that despite the resistance potential in urban heritage spaces, the persistent colonial matrix of power reduces them to spaces of illusion. Because of the cultural dominance of the art initiative in Wadi Amman and the marginalization of locality, we conclude that resistance itself is being colonized and decoloniality is but an illusion. In line with decolonial theory, we call for a geopolitical turn that allows us to unfold the different shapes of struggle in the urban heritage spaces of postcolonial cities in order to locate, celebrate, and criticize the liberating genealogies found in them.
Estimating the Prevalence of Transparency and Reproducibility-Related Research Practices in Psychology (2014–2017)
Authors: Hardwicke Tom E. , Thibault Robert T. , Kosie Jessica E. , Wallach Joshua D. , Kidwell Mallory C. , Ioannidis John P. A.
Published: March 2021

Psychologists are navigating an unprecedented period of introspection about the credibility and utility of their discipline. Reform initiatives emphasize the benefits of transparency and reproducibility-related research practices; however, adoption across the psychology literature is unknown. Estimating the prevalence of such practices will help to gauge the collective impact of reform initiatives, track progress over time, and calibrate future efforts. To this end, we manually examined a random sample of 250 psychology articles published between 2014 and 2017. Over half of the articles were publicly available (154/237, 65%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [59%, 71%]); however, sharing of research materials (26/183; 14%, 95% CI = [10%, 19%]), study protocols (0/188; 0%, 95% CI = [0%, 1%]), raw data (4/188; 2%, 95% CI = [1%, 4%]), and analysis scripts (1/188; 1%, 95% CI = [0%, 1%]) was rare. Preregistration was also uncommon (5/188; 3%, 95% CI = [1%, 5%]). Many articles included a funding disclosure statement (142/228; 62%, 95% CI = [56%, 69%]), but conflict-of-interest statements were less common (88/228; 39%, 95% CI = [32%, 45%]). Replication studies were rare (10/188; 5%, 95% CI = [3%, 8%]), and few studies were included in systematic reviews (21/183; 11%, 95% CI = [8%, 16%]) or meta-analyses (12/183; 7%, 95% CI = [4%, 10%]). Overall, the results suggest that transparency and reproducibility-related research practices were far from routine. These findings establish baseline prevalence estimates against which future progress toward increasing the credibility and utility of psychology research can be compared.
Exploring the Relationship Between Perceived Visual Access to Nature and Nurse Burnout
Authors: Mihandoust Sahar , Pati Debajyoti , Lee Jaehoon , Roney Jamie
Published: March 2021

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the relationship between perceived visual access to nature views in nurse work and break environments and scores for subscales of Maslach Burnout Inventory among nurses.

Background:

Burnout is a severe problem among nurses. Literature shows a relationship between stress and burnout and between nature exposure and stress. However, the possible consequent relationship between connection to nature and nurse burnout needs further study.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between the subscales (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment [EE, DP, and PA]) of the Maslach Burnout Inventory as “outcome variables” and perception of view duration, frequency of exposure to views, view content and artwork content as “explanatory variables” in a subset regression model. The study model also included organizational stressors, environmental design factors, unit type, workload, and personal factors as control variables. Fifty-one nurses working in six units in a large tertiary care hospital participated in the study.

Results:

Percentage of perceived nature views and organizational stressors were the top two best predictors correlating with EE (37% of the EE variance; p < .05). Percentage of perceived nature views, organizational stressors, and environmental design were the top three predictors correlating with DP (43% of variance for DP; p < .05). No significant relationship was found between study variables and PA.

Conclusions:

The results of this study recommend perceiving nature views as an independent or integrated intervention to meditation and relaxation techniques. From a design standpoint, this study suggests that a unit and breakroom design with access to nature views could work as a consistent preventive intervention for burnout.
Sensitivity and specificity of neuroimaging signs in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Prabhat Nandita , Chandel Shivani , Takkar Dr Aastha , Ahuja Chirag , Singh Ramandeep , Kathirvel Soundappan , Lal Vivek
Published: March 2021

Background

The primary role of neuroimaging in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is to exclude secondary causes of raised intracranial pressure. Recently, a few imaging markers have been described which may suggest diagnosis of IIH in atypical cases. We carried out this study to assess the prevalence and accuracy of these neuroimaging signs in predicting the diagnosis of IIH.

Methods

Eighty treatment-naive patients with IIH and 30 controls were recruited as per a predefined criterion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain with detailed sella imaging was done in all patients.

Results

The most common abnormality noted was optic nerve tortuosity in 82.5% of patients, followed by posterior scleral flattening in 80%, perioptic subarachnoid space (SAS) dilatation in 73.8% and partial empty sella in 68.8% of patients. The presence of optic nerve tortuosity was the most sensitive sign on neuroimaging, though the highest specificity was seen for posterior scleral flattening and perioptic SAS dilatation. The presence of more than three neuroimaging features correlated with severity of vision loss.

Conclusion

In suggestive clinical scenarios, posterior scleral flattening, perioptic SAS dilatation and optic nerve tortuosity are highly sensitive and specific signs in IIH. This study also highlights the utility of MRI as a valuable tool for prognosis of visual outcome in patients with IIH.
Life from the fragments: Ambivalence, critique, and minoritarian affect
Authors: Wilkinson Eleanor , Lim Jason
Published: March 2021

In this commentary, we respond to Ruez and Cockayne’s ‘Feeling Otherwise’ and consider what is at stake in debates concerning the moods and modes of critique. There is a tendency in geographical work on affect to privilege affirmation, yet a key question remains as to who benefits from such moods of critique and the kinds of analysis that they afford. We argue that dominant theorisations of affirmation and negativity often elide uncomfortable discussions of power, domination, and violence. We offer a reading of the relations between affirmation and negativity through ‘minoritarian affects’ – a reading that arises in the midst of living through racial capitalism, coloniality, patriarchy, and heteronormativity and which builds an indeterminate future from the fragments of our lives and bodies.