bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and level of infection by endoparasites in different categories of sheep in the Western Amazon
Authors: Silva Antonio José Souza da , Silva Rafael Ferreira da , Oliveira Antonia Valcemira Domingos de , Souza Luiz Eduardo Barreto de , Souza Mariene Santos de Araújo , Costa Dayana Alves da ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre,   Universidade Federal do Acre,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to understand the epidemiology of the main gastrointestinal endoparasites affecting sheep raised in the municipality of Sena Madureira, Acre, Brazil. A total of 178 fecal samples were collected from sheep raised in an extensive system of 10 farms. The samples were grouped into lambs, ewe lambs, lambing ewes, ewes, and rams for laboratory analysis by the flotation technique for counting eggs per gram of feces (EGF), oocysts of Eimeria sp., and presence of eggs of Moniezia sp. The analyzed variables consisted of the prevalence of nematodes, cestodes, and coccidia and intensity of strongylid and coccidium infection by quantification (mean ± SE) of eggs and oocysts. Prevalence data were compared by the chi-square test and intensity of infection (mean ± SE) by the Scott-Knott test (SAEG 9.1), both with P < 0.05. The overall prevalence was 77.6%, reaching 64.15% for strongylids, 36.2% for coccidia, and 8.81% for cestodes (Moniezia sp.). Ewes had the lowest prevalence (52.5%), while lambs had a prevalence of 95.5%, not differing from the others (P < 0.05). The intensity of infection by nematodes showed that lambs had the highest EGF compared to ewes, with values of 1297±270 and 232±79, respectively. The categories lambing ewes, ewes, and rams presented an average EGF below what is indicated for treatment with drugs. The highest intensity of infection was observed for ewe lambs (5859±3648), exceeding acceptable rates. Sheep raised in Sena Madureira has a high prevalence for verminosis by strongylids and a low prevalence for coccidiosis and cestodiasis. Young animal categories present a high health risk for endoparasitoses, and management measures that collaborate with the prophylaxis and control of these diseases should be adopted.
Determination of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety levels and life quality of healthcare workers
Authors: ASKIN CERAN Merve , TANRIKULU Gozdenur , TURKER Esra , TANRIKULU Yavuz
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of the interventions made to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic on the
anxiety level and life quality of healthcare workers.
Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive one, and the data were collected online using the Google Forms application. The
Information Form including 15 questions, the Beck Anxiety Scale, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) Life Quality Scale were used to collect
data. Five hundred and eight healthcare workers participated in the study. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05. The findings
showing statistically significant differences were evaluated using the Games-Howel Post-hoc test.
Results: The study revealed that 81.3% of the healthcare workers are worried about their own health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
It has been found that 38% of the healthcare workers have been experiencing a shortage of protective equipment in the hospital where
they work. As far as worrying about one’s own health during the pandemic is concerned, it was found that there was a statistically
significant difference between the Beck Anxiety Scale mean scores and the SF-36 Life Quality Scale mean scores.
Conclusion: Our study revealed that the anxiety levels of healthcare workers were low during the pandemic and their quality of life
was high. It should be foreseen that pandemics such as COVID-19 may also occur in the future, and the psychological effects on
healthcare workers should be monitored during pandemics.
McCarrick, the Kingmaker?
Authors: Sadewo Giovanni Radhitio Putra , Bullivant Stephen , Cranney Stephen ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: May 2021

The former Cardinal McCarrick was often dubbed as the “Kingmaker” for his power to influence episcopal promotion in the United States and even in the Vatican. However, most of the information to support this argument is often lacking in context, making the claim easy to downplay. The purpose of this study is to look at one of the networks of Catholic bishops in the United States and to provide empirical evidence of McCarrick as the “Kingmaker” using social network analysis. The result of this study supports the claim that McCarrick was indeed the “Kingmaker” in his appointments of his former subordinates.
The “New” Materialisms of Jacques Lacan and Judith Butler
Authors: Rae Gavin ,   DePaul University
Published: May 2021

This article defends Jacques Lacan and Judith Butler against the long-standing but recently reiterated charge that they affirm a linguistic idealism or foundationalism. First outlining the parameters of Lacan’s thinking on this topic through his comments on the materiality inherent in the imaginary, symbolic, real schema to show that he offers an account built around the tension between the real and symbolic, I then move to Butler to argue that she more coherently identifies the parameters of the problem before offering an explanation based on paradox. With this, both offer (1) a forceful rebuttal of linguistic idealism, (2) a far more complex analysis of the materialism–signification relation than their new materialist critics tend to appreciate, and (3) innovative but often-ignored “new” materialisms of their own.
La modernización educativa en España en un escenario de cambio social y de apertura democrática. Conversaciones con Pedro Caselles Beltrán, Director General de Educación Básica (1976-1982)
Authors: Malheiro Gutiérrez Xosé M.
Published: May 2021

This text is an extract from several conversations held with Pedro Caselles Beltrán (1937), a primary school teacher with a degree in Philosophy and Humanities, specialising in Pedagogy, and an education inspector. Pedro Caselles occupied the provincial education offices in Lugo, Cádiz and A Coruña (1970-1976); later he was Deputy Director General of Non-State Schools and General Director of Basic Education (1977-1982). The text deals with his professional career, a summary of administrative  management and political action, with particular emphasis on his time as a provincial delegate and later as a senior official in the Ministry of Education and Science (MEC). Under his mandate, several initiatives were carried out, including the promotion of the General Education and Financing of the Education Reform Act (LGE) of 4 August 1970 through the renewal of the Basic General Education Programmes.
Psychology challenged
Authors: Søndergaard Dorte Marie
Published: May 2021

The challenges that psychology encounters when studying the human and the social in times of accelerating and heterogeneously composed processes of becoming, call for theorizing of and analytical attention to complexity at multiple levels. This attention needs to focus a comprehensive horizon of intra-acting elements and agencies, while still maintaining the human as an important focus of research. In this article I discuss how the efforts to pursue this ambition may find inspiration from some of the analytical perspectives offered by poststructuralist and new materialist frameworks. While surpassing orthodoxy in all versions I encourage a continuous diffractive reading of such perspectives with those of other theoretical traditions to maintain theorizing as a vital, processual and curious endeavor that remains relevant and sensitive to an always moving and surprising empirical reality. My reflections on psychology theorizing is nurtured by brief empirical examples from my own and my colleagues’ research. These examples include different versions of technologically involved human relating and agency, e.g., linked to children and young people’s use of social media, computer gaming among children, and young people’s involvement in digital sexual practices. The technologically mediated, formative processes entailed in digital participation among children and young people constantly open new horizons of potential identities, positionings, and body cultures that call for analytical sensitivity. In the last part of the paper, I discuss the ethical implications of a complexity sensitive psychology theorizing. I argue that the ethics of psychological empirical research must embrace the apparatuses that enable and enact social and subjective being, becoming, and agency as mattering and discursively entangled processes. Without losing sight of the individual, a retuning of research ethics therefore implies working on the vitalization and response-ability of the apparatus in its heterogeneous composition and the agential entanglement that produces the phenomena in focus.
Time at a Standstill
Authors: Oyarzun R. Pablo
Published: May 2021

From an experiential point of view, acceleration is a space-shrinking and a time-stressing phenomenon. Assuming that this phenomenon has reached a decisive pervasiveness in late modernity, so that it has become determinative of social relations in general, a question about its impact on the structure of experience and of the subject of experience bears a double signification: on the one hand, it concerns temporality, i.e., the structure of the experience of time, and, on the other hand, it concerns historicity, that is, the structure of the experience of historical time. I suppose that the development of this question requires examining the structure of the experience of the present, given that acceleration may be considered at first sight as an intensive experience of the present. But, then, an examination of the structure of the experience of the present is deeply rooted in the structure of the present itself. So, my argument relates three concepts: experience, present, and acceleration, the latter according to the double effect in which this phenomenon appears (space-shrinking and time-stressing).
Meditation in the age of its technological mimicry.
Authors: Slunecko Thomas , Chlouba Laisha
Published: May 2021

In recent years, mindfulness meditation has become a popular technique to reduce stress or anxiety related problems and to enhance happiness and wellbeing. Apart from specific real-life mindfulness programs in schools, hospitals, military, and business environments, there is a strongly expanding field of digitally mediated mindfulness. From a critical psychological, ‘Foucauldian’ perspective, we analyse popular mindfulness apps as dispositifs of power that contribute to aligning the selfgovernance of individuals with the requirements of neo-liberal governance. Our analysis exposes them as sociocultural artefacts fostering exactly such forms of subjectification that fit the neoliberal state of affairs. By freely amalgamating and interweaving psychological, Buddhist, and economic ‘knowledge’ (their ‘meditations’ being inspired, apart from alleged Buddhist sources, from cognitive behavioral therapy, positive psychology, and management literature), such apps orient self-government towards competition, optimization, enhancement, and acceleration, i.e., towards a happiness conflated with productivity – probably not quite what the Buddha had in mind.
Queering Kritische Psychologie
Authors: Malich Lisa , Vogler Tanja
Published: May 2021

This paper aims at connecting the Berlin school of Critical psychology with queer feminist theories by focusing on the concept of condition-meaning-reason (Bedingungs-Bedeutungs-Begründungsanalyse, BBBA). To this end, we will first discuss basic aspects of the BBBA concept, which forms an important analytical tool of German Critical psychology. Second, we will present possible connecting lines to queer feminist approaches. In so doing, we will argue that the concept of conditions offers links to feminist theories of New Materialism and (Neo)Marxist Critique. The concept of meaning contains parallels to the Foucauldian concept of discourse, which is central to Butler’s theories of performativity and various subsequent queer feminist schools of thought. In turn, the concept of reason provides an opportunity to understand why subjects who live in similar material conditions and social constellations of meaning act differently. The fictional example of single mothers serves to illustrate the facets of the BBBA concept and the condition/meaning/reason analysis. In this way, we want to emphasise the potential of Critical psychology for queer feminist approaches and break new ground methodologically by integrating the previously divergent insights of Marxist, poststructuralist and psychosocial critiques.
Rozpraszanie i koncentracja zabudowy na przykładzie aglomeracji warszawskiej po 1989 roku = Dispersion and concentration of built-up areas on the example of the Warsaw agglomeration after 1989
Authors: Sudra Paweł
Published: May 2021

The research problem undertaken in the study is the occurrence of dispersed and concentrated built-up (in particular residential) area patterns caused by suburbanisation processes in a large urban agglomeration, on the example of the Warsaw metropolitan area. The research concerned the period after 1989, when the political and economic transformation in Poland began. The historical and contemporary socio-economic conditions of suburbanization and urban sprawl are described, which have the features of a spontaneous, chaotic dispersion, quite different than in Western countries. It is partly to blame for faulty spatial planning. The succession of urban development into rural areas is subordinated to the factors of the construction market. In the empirical part of the analysis, topographic data on all buildings in the urban agglomeration and databases on land use derived from satellite images were used to investigate settlement changes. A multidimensional study was carried out relating to various spatial scales, types of spatial relations and territorial units. Measures of spatial concentration of point patterns as well as landscape metrics were used for this purpose. The indicators used were subject to critical methodological evaluation afterwards. The study was performed in several temporal cross-sections. The locations of new development in agricultural, forest and wasteland areas have been identified. Finally, recommendations for the implementation of appropriate spatial policy and improvement of the spatial order in the Warsaw agglomeration were formulated
Employability Factors Contributing to Youth Unemployment in the EAC Countries Data and Policy Analysis
Authors: Hatibu Semboja Haji , Hafidh Hafidh Ali
Published: May 2021

This policy research paper analyses employability factors and challenges contributing to youth unemployment and also provides working recommendations for further dialogue and engagement on youth employability in the East African community EAC Countries. The policy analysis is based on the theory of 4-Es as propounded by International Labour Organization ILO and Youth Employment Network literature. The field research survey, focus group discussion, combined observational and consultations with key informants were major research methods used in collecting secondary and primary data and information. Data analysis uses non-parametric methods, mainly frequency and cross tabulations.

The paper found that costs of doing business among the youth in the formal and informal economies are significantly high. There are weak limited skills matching systems and provision of relevant curriculum that produce an updated knowledge base. The problem of rural-urban migration is related to inadequate rural infrastructures; lack of establishment of sustainable agro-processing industries, limited provision of rural vocation and training programmes to equip youth with skills for employability. The education and training systems do not comply with regional, international standards and technological changes in the world. There are weak career counselling and guidance centres for youth. There is a limited access to good quality education and thus decent jobs for youth with disability.

The policy solution is to enhance employability conditions. Relevant policy strategies include reducing cost of doing business, enhance business skills development and matching; minimizing rural-urban migration; creating conducive environment for business for youth with disability; increasing agricultural mechanization to enhance productivity, increasing rural connectivity and accessibility; improving VET and higher education learning systems; increasing access to schools, technical and vocational training for youth with disability; improving conditions and quality of employment systems and enhancing provision of information regarding employment opportunities in these EAC countries.
Adoption New Improves Technology of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cultivation in Bijnor District of Uttar Pradesh of India
Authors: Singh Desh Pal , Prakash Satya , Kumar Vikas , Singh Krishna Kumar , Sharma Prerna
Published: May 2021

Guava is one of the most important nutritious and commercially cultivated fruit crop belonging to the family Myrtaceae. Owing to its hard nature, it is grown successfully in tropical and subtropical regions in India over an area of 246.85 thousand hectares with production of 4053.51 thousand metric tons. The total area under guava cultivation in Uttar Pradesh is 49.53 thousand hectares with 928.44 thousand metric tons production during 2017-18 [1]. Guava grown in diverse agro climatic conditions faces different biotic and abiotic stresses limiting the production and productivity of guava that its influence the economic condition of guava growers. Keeping these facts in mind, the present study was conducted in Bijnor district of Western Uttar Pradesh to analyze the socio- economic condition of guava growers. The result indicated that among the all study characteristics majority of the guava growers belonging to the middle ages 46 to 60 years (56.36 percent), general caste (50.91 percent), education level literate (90.00 percent) and among literate level of education maximum guava growers (42.42 percent) was high school, family type-joint family (78.18 percent), family member-4 to 6 members (51.82), land holding size-above 5 hectare (46.36 percent), irrigation facilities-own electric tube well (58.18 percent), occupation-agriculture and guava farming (48.18 percent), annual income-more than Rs 1,00,000.00 (62.73 percent) and social participation-no participation (61.82 percent). On the basis of result of this study it's become the necessary to develop some extension strategies for the promotion of higher production and productivity of guava in Bijnor district.
Assessment of Sub-endometrial Blood Flow Parameters Following Oral Dydrogesterone versus Micronized Vaginal Progesterone in Women with Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Nasr Magda I. , Omar Mona K. , Ataallah Walid M. , Mahfouz Amal E.
Published: May 2021

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is an important reproductive health issue, affecting 2%–5% of couples. An unsupportive endometrium, leading to abnormal implantation, is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (IRSM). The aim of this work was to evaluate differences in uteroplacental blood ﬂow and pregnancy outcome in women with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (IRSM) following administration of micronized vaginal progesterone versus oral dydrogesteron.

Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized-controlled study comprised 90 pregnant women who came to outpatient clinic of obstetrics  .All women had a singleton pregnancy with active cardiac pulsations at gestational age between 5-8 weeks Pregnant women in the study group were randomly distributed into: Group {A}: 30 pregnant women received 10 mg of oral dydrogesterone (Duphaston; Abbott Company) twice daily.Group {B}: 30 pregnant women received 200 mg micronized vaginal progesterone (Prontogest) twice-daily. Control group:30 pregnant women without history of recurrent miscarriage served as controls and they received folic acid as placebo.

Results: comparing the Doppler indices before progesterone supplementation, the mean resistance index (RI) was statistically significant less in the control group compared with both study groups (A&B) (P=0.012, P=0.005 respectively) .Moreover, pulsatility index (PI) was statistically significant less in the control group compared with both study groups (A&B) (P=0.026, P=0.05 respectively) .Paralleled to that, the S/D ratio was statistically significant less in control group compared with both group A &B (P=0.43, & P=0.019respectively) .In addition, the mean PSV was significantly higher in control group  compared to group B (P=0.047) and was higher in control group than group A with nearly significant P value.

Conclusion: Considerable improvement in uteroplacental blood flow parameters of pregnant women with IRSM is evident with progesterone supplementation.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children with Type-1 Diabetes in a Tertiary Hospital in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria: Clinical Profile and Outcome
Authors: Ugege M. O. , Yusuf T.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Few reports are available on DKA among children in North-west Nigeria. 

Objective: To describe the clinical profile and outcome of children managed for DKA in the Paediatric Endocrinology Unit of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, North-western Nigeria over a ten-year period (January 2011- December 2020).

Methods: This was a retrospective review of the case records of all children managed for T1D between 2011 and 2020.  Socio-demographic and clinical data of those with DKA were extracted and analysed using SPSS version 23.

Results: Ten (62.5%) out of 16 children with T1D had DKA, comprising 8 males and 2 females; M: F ratio 4:1. Majority (90%) were adolescents aged 10-15years. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) at diagnoses of T1D was 11.1 ± 3.14 years; DKA was the presenting manifestation of diabetes in 4 (40%) children, while 6(60%) were known diabetics with an average of 2-episodes per patient. The median duration of symptoms was 5 days (range 1-42 days). Abdominal pain (90%), polyuria (80%), fast breathing (70%), vomiting (70%), altered consciousness (70%), dehydration (100%) and Kussmaul respiration (70%) were the common presenting features. The mean blood glucose, bicarbonate and venous PH at admission were 23.28± 7.14 (range; 12.3-33.3) mmol/L, 14.1± 3.41 (10-21) mmol/L and 6.96± 0.06 (6.92-7.00) respectively. Co-morbid conditions included infections (80%), predominantly malaria (70%). There was no mortality.

Conclusion: DKA is common in male adolescents, with good management outcome in our facility.  Abdominal pain, dehydration, polyuria and Kussmaul respiration were the commonest presenting features. A high index of suspicion of DKA is recommended in any child, particularly, male adolescents with the aforementioned features. Effort should be made to confirm diagnosis and prompt treatment instituted.
Stability Analysis of Australia’s Wool Exports- A Markov Chain Model
Authors: Soumya P. , Yeledhalli R. A.
Published: May 2021

The present study is an attempt to analyse growth, instability and direction of trade of wool exports from Australia. Compound Annual Growth Rate, Cuddy-Della Valle Index and Markov chain analysis are the tools used for analysing data from 2008 to 2017. The growth rate of export in terms of quantity is negative and very low (-0.59% per annum) and the growth rate of exports in terms of value is positive (3.99% per annum). The instability index is low (2.78%) for exports in quantity terms and is medium (18.10%) for exports in value terms. China is the most stable market for export of wool from Australia with retention probability of 80.08%. The other reliable importers are Republic of Korea and Czech Republic. The study suggested the need to diversify Australian wool market.
Ferroelectric α‐In2Se3 Wrapped‐Gate β‐Ga2O3 Field‐Effect Transistors for Dynamic Threshold Voltage Control
Authors: Yang Jeong Yong , Yeom Min Jae , Park Youngseo , Heo Junseok , Yoo Geonwook
Published: May 2021

Indium selenide (α‐In2Se3), which is a recently emerging ferroelectric semiconductor, can solve a major hindrance to applications of an ultra‐wide bandgap beta‐gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) semiconductor. Here, ferroelectric α‐In2Se3 wrapped‐gate β‐Ga2O3 field‐effect transistors (FETs) for dynamic threshold voltage (VTH) control is demonstrated. The dry‐transferred α‐In2Se3 layer is wrapped around β‐Ga2O3 channel, which allows efficient electrostatic gate modulation. Thus, the ferroelectricity of α‐In2Se3 and a thin native oxide interlayer formed at the interface between β‐Ga2O3 and α‐In2Se3 can provide effective VTH control. Applying a positive voltage pulse to the gate electrode induces positive VTH shift; hence, the device can be even changed from depletion to enhancement (E‐) mode. The E‐mode β‐Ga2O3 FET exhibits steep‐subthreshold slope with a negligible hysteresis. The VTH of E‐mode can be further modulated by applying back‐gate bias, and electrical performance can be enhanced via dual‐gate operation. The approach demonstrates an energy efficient β‐Ga2O3‐based switching device architecture integrated with ferroelectric van der Waals 2D materials.
Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis in HIV Infection: Epidemiology and Treatment
Authors: Hanberg Jennifer S. , Hsieh Evelyn , Akgün Kathleen M. , Weinstein Erica , Fraenkel Liana , Justice Amy C. ,   the VACS Project Team
Published: May 2021

Objective

To assess the incidence, presentation, and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with HIV, including the use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in this immunosuppressed population.

Methods

Patients included in this study were from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, a longitudinal cohort of veterans with HIV and age‐, race‐, and site‐matched uninfected veterans. We identified all patients who had ≥1 rheumatologist‐generated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) or Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) code for RA and whose serum samples were tested for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies. To further confirm the diagnosis of RA, medical charts were reviewed to verify whether patients met the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2010 criteria for RA. We recorded DMARD use and adverse effects during the first contiguous course of treatment (i.e., >6 months of no interruption in DMARD treatment).

Results

This study included 56,250 patients with HIV and 116,944 uninfected individuals over 2,384,541 person‐years. Of the 2,748 individuals in this cohort who were reviewed for a diagnosis of RA based on ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 codes, incident RA was identified in 215 individuals, including 21 patients with HIV. The incidence rate ratio of RA for patients with HIV compared to uninfected individuals was 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.19–0.48). Most of the patients diagnosed as having RA (88%) were seropositive for RA‐associated autoantibodies (RF and/or anti‐CCP). However, high autoantibody titers were less frequent in RA patients with HIV compared to RA patients without HIV. In total, 5% of RA patients with HIV (1 of 21) had both high titers of anti‐CCP and high titers of RF, compared to 41% of uninfected individuals (81 of 194). DMARDs were prescribed in 71% of RA patients with HIV (15 of 21) compared to 94% of RA patients without HIV (183 of 194). There was no indication that the DMARD safety profile was worse among RA patients with HIV who were prescribed DMARDs (n = 10 assessed) compared to RA patients without HIV who were prescribed DMARDs (n = 158 assessed).

Conclusion

In this cohort, incident RA was less common in patients with HIV compared to uninfected individuals. Moreover, compared to RA patients without HIV, the seropositivity rate and titers of RA‐specific autoantibodies were lower among RA patients with HIV, and those with HIV were prescribed DMARDs less frequently than those without HIV.
Constructions of LGBTQI+ rights and claims in lay discourse in Greece: Liberal dilemmas and sexual citizenship boundaries
Authors: Michos Ioannis , Figgou Lia , Bozatzis Nikos
Published: May 2021

This study explores ways in which diverse LGBTQI+ claim frames are sedimented in Greek everyday discourse. Specifically, it is interested in the identification of the argumentative resources that inform lay constructions of LGBTQI+ claims and rights, as well as of their potential social implications. The research data are drawn from seven focus groups, conducted in Thessaloniki, Greece and analysed by the conceptual tools of Critical Discursive Social Psychology. According to the analysis, liberal dilemmas over difference, visibility, and equality are mobilized. In particular, when accounting for violence and discriminations against LGBTQI+ community members, participants construct a normative hierarchy of exclusion, based on alleged differences between sexual and gender‐related categories. Notably, in the context of arguing over different claim‐making practices, participants prioritize the projection of uniformity – instead of difference – through non‐provocative, consensual claiming actions. While liberal concepts and subsequent dilemmas inform these constructions, “liberalism” is also represented as the rhetorical other, when participants prioritize intersectional claims over (sexual and gender‐related) identity politics. Finally, participants' discourse is informed by tensions between oriental and occidental ideological patterns. A juxtaposition between Western/European liberalism and Eastern backwardness is used to challenge homonormative perceptions, which are constructed as a means of de‐radicalization.
Decision fatigue in low‐value prostate cancer screening
Authors: Hunt Trevor C. , Ambrose Jacob P. , Haaland Benjamin , Kawamoto Kensaku , Dechet Christopher B. , Lowrance William T. , Hanson Heidi A. , O'Neil Brock B.
Published: May 2021

Background

Low‐value prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing is common yet contributes substantial waste and downstream patient harm. Decision fatigue may represent an actionable target to reduce low‐value urologic care. The objective of this study was to determine whether low‐value PSA testing patterns by outpatient clinicians are consistent with decision fatigue.

Methods

Outpatient appointments for adult men without prostate cancer were identified at a large academic health system from 2011 through 2018. The authors assessed the association of appointment time with the likelihood of PSA testing, stratified by patient age and appropriateness of testing based on clinical guidelines. Appointments included those scheduled between 8:00 am and 4:59 pm, with noon omitted. Urologists were examined separately from other clinicians.

Results

In 1,581,826 outpatient appointments identified, the median patient age was 54 years (interquartile range, 37‐66 years), 1,256,152 participants (79.4%) were White, and 133,693 (8.5%) had family history of prostate cancer. PSA testing would have been appropriate in 36.8% of appointments. Clinicians ordered testing in 3.6% of appropriate appointments and in 1.8% of low‐value appointments. Appropriate testing was most likely at 8:00 am (reference group). PSA testing declined through 11:00 am (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.64) and remained depressed through 4:00 pm (P < .001). Low‐value testing was overall less likely (P < .001) and followed a similar trend, declining steadily from 8:00 am (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.56) through 4:00 pm (P < .001; OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.30). Testing patterns in urologists were noticeably different.

Conclusions

Among most clinicians, outpatient PSA testing behaviors appear to be consistent with decision fatigue. These findings establish decision fatigue as a promising, actionable target for reducing wasteful and low‐value practices in routine urologic care.

Lay Summary

Decision fatigue causes poorer choices to be made with repetitive decision making.

This study used medical records to investigate whether decision fatigue influenced clinicians' likelihood of ordering a low‐value screening test (prostate‐specific antigen [PSA]) for prostate cancer.

In more than 1.5 million outpatient appointments by adult men without prostate cancer, the chances of both appropriate and low‐value PSA testing declined as the clinic day progressed, with a larger decline for appropriate testing.

Testing patterns in urologists were different from those reported by other clinicians.

The authors conclude that outpatient PSA testing behaviors appear to be consistent with decision fatigue among most clinicians, and interventions may reduce wasteful testing and downstream patient harms.
Adoption of Cover Crop Interseeding within Sugarbeet in the Red River Valley
Authors: Sigdel Sailesh , Chatterjee Amitava
Published: May 2021

The Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota is a major sugarbeet production region in the United States. Due to conventional tillage practices, soils have less residue cover after sugarbeet harvest in the fall, and the soil is exposed to wind and water erosion. In the spring, severe damage due to wind blast of soil particles can cause sugarbeet stand loss. Cover crops have the potential to reduce the impacts of soil erosion and improve nutrient use efficiency. Interseeding cover crops before harvest increases the likelihood of cover crop establishment and growth. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/953.
The impact of natural disasters and epidemics on sexual and reproductive health in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A narrative synthesis
Authors: Loewen Samantha , Pinchoff Jessie , Ngo Thoai D. , Hindin Michelle J.
Published: May 2021

Background

Natural disasters and epidemics can strain already‐fragile health systems, diverting resources away from essential sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, threatening supply chains, and adversely impacting access to health facilities.

Objective

To describe how natural disasters and epidemics affect multiple dimensions of SRH service delivery and outcomes, and identify potential approaches to facilitate resumption of services.

Search strategy

Key words searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.

Selection criteria

Studies published in English between 2005 and 2020 covering events in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Data collection and analysis

This review was developed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) 2009 checklist. The initial electronic database searching yielded 64 345 studies, but after screening 13 studies were included in the final review.

Main results

Across contexts, disruptive events worsened the availability of and women's access to SRH services, contributed to decreased utilization of SRH services, and often resulted in lower use of family planning, particularly methods requiring facility‐based interaction.

Conclusion

SRH in disaster response plans must be prioritized, as women often lose access to these essential services at a time when they are at their most vulnerable. Evidence regarding effective interventions and policies is lacking.
Comparison of the MSMS and NanoShaper molecular surface triangulation codes in the TABI Poisson–Boltzmann solver
Authors: Wilson Leighton , Krasny Robert
Published: May 2021

The Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) implicit solvent model is a popular framework for studying the electrostatics of solvated biomolecules. In this model the dielectric interface between the biomolecule and solvent is often taken to be the molecular surface or solvent‐excluded surface (SES), and the quality of the SES triangulation is critical in boundary element simulations of the model. This work compares the performance of the MSMS and NanoShaper surface triangulation codes for a set of 38 biomolecules. While MSMS produces triangles of exceedingly small area and large aspect ratio, the two codes yield comparable values for the SES surface area and electrostatic solvation energy, where the latter calculations were performed using the treecode‐accelerated boundary integral (TABI) PB solver. However we found that NanoShaper is computationally more efficient and reliable than MSMS, especially when parameters are set to produce highly resolved triangulations.
Moments of Insight in Problem‐Solving Relate to Bodily Arousal
Authors: Nam Beth , Paromita Projna , Chu Sharon Lynn , Chaspari Theodora , Woltering Steven
Published: May 2021

Problem‐solving involves both cognitive and physiological changes. Since most prior work has focused on examining the cognitive side of problem‐solving, there is more to explore on the physiological side, including skin conductance. The present study examined skin conductance reactivity (SCR) to the moment participants solved three different types of problems: (a) straightforward (basic), (b) analytic processing (analytic questions), and (c) a sudden insight (riddles). The authors predict different responses in SCR between basic, analytic, and riddle conditions, and the level of difficulty in riddles. Moreover, the authors predict that a faster and correct response is related to larger physiological arousal. Thirty‐one participants were confronted with problems that were best solved using either sudden insight (riddles) or analytic thinking, as well as a control condition with basic questions. Participants showed the largest SCR amplitudes to the insight condition versus the basic control condition. Furthermore, hard insight problems had greater SCR amplitudes than easy insight problems. These findings suggest that physiological response to problem‐solving is dependent on the type of problem and the amount of challenge it poses to an individual.
Tumor suppressor miR‐192‐5p targets TRPM7 and inhibits proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer
Authors: Dong Ruo‐Fan , Zhuang Yong‐Ju , Wang Yuan , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Xu Xi‐Zhong , Mao Yu‐Rong , Yu Jin‐Jin
Published: May 2021

Cervical cancer is the fourth highest mortality cancer among women worldwide. Many researchers have discovered the major anticancer role of miR‐192‐5p. However, no study has revealed the effect of miR‐192‐5p on cervical cancer and its molecular mechanism. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR‐192‐5p in proliferation, invasion of cervical cancer, and its regulatory mechanism. Firstly, the expression level of miR‐192‐5p was examined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting kit‐8 analysis was applied to detect the proliferation of transfected Caski and SiHa cells. Flow cytometry assay was applied to detect the apoptosis of transfected Caski and SiHa cells. Our result showed that miR‐192‐5p restrained cervical cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Then we employed wound healing and transwell assays to analyze the migration and invasion abilities of Caski and SiHa cells in vitro. The results showed that miR‐192‐5p had an inhibitory effect on cervical cancer migration and invasion. The results of in vivo experiment demonstrated that miR‐192‐5p also inhibited tumor development in nude mice. We further detected that the binding of transient receptor potential melastatin‐subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) to miR‐192‐5p using bioinformatic methods and dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Finally, we found that TRPM7 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‐192‐5p on proliferation, migration, and invasion on cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that miR‐192‐5p performs an inhibitory role in cervical cancer proliferation and invasion by targeting TRPM7.
Speech Recognition as a Function of Age and Listening Experience in Adult Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Murr Alexander T. , Canfarotta Michael W. , O'Connell Brendan P. , Buss Emily , King English R. , Bucker Andrea L. , Dillon Sarah A. , Rooth Meredith A. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Brown Kevin D. , Dillon Margaret T.
Published: May 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Speech recognition with a cochlear implant (CI) tends to be better for younger adults than older adults. However, older adults may take longer to reach asymptotic performance than younger adults. The present study aimed to characterize speech recognition as a function of age at implantation and listening experience for adult CI users.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Methods

A retrospective review identified 352 adult CI recipients (387 ears) with at least 5 years of device listening experience. Speech recognition, as measured with consonant‐nucleus‐consonant (CNC) words in quiet and AzBio sentences in a 10‐talker noise masker (10 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio), was reviewed at 1, 5, and 10 years postactivation.

Results

Speech recognition was better in younger listeners, and performance was stable or continued to improve through 10 years of CI listening experience. There was no indication of differences in acclimatization as a function of age at implantation. For the better performing CI recipients, an effect of age at implantation was more apparent for sentence recognition in noise than for word recognition in quiet.

Conclusions

Adult CI recipients across the age range examined here experience speech recognition benefit with a CI. However, older adults perform more poorly than young adults for speech recognition in quiet and noise, with similar age effects through 5 to 10 years of listening experience.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:2106–2111, 2021
Impact of nicotine pathway downregulation on polyamine biosynthesis and leaf ripening in tobacco
Authors: Nölke Greta , Chudobova Ivana , Houdelet Marcel , Volke Daniel , Lusso Marcos , Frederick Jesse , Kudithipudi Chengalrayan , Shen Yanxin , Warek Ujwala , Strickland James A. , Xu Dongmei , Schinkel Helga , Schillberg Stefan
Published: May 2021

Traditional breeding and molecular approaches have been used to develop tobacco varieties with reduced nicotine and secondary alkaloid levels. However, available low‐alkaloid tobacco varieties have impaired leaf quality likely due to the metabolic consequences of nicotine biosynthesis downregulation. Recently, we found evidence that the unbalanced crosstalk between nicotine and polyamine pathways is involved in impaired leaf ripening of a low‐alkaloid (LA) Burley 21 line having a mutation at the Nic1 and Nic2 loci, key biosynthetic regulators of nicotine biosynthesis. Since the Nic1 and Nic2 loci are comprised of several genes, all phenotypic changes seen in LA Burley 21 could be due to a mixture of genetics‐based responses. Here, we investigated the commercial burley variety TN90 LC and its transgenic versions with only one downregulated gene, either putrescine methyl transferase (PMT‐RNAi) or PR50‐protein (PR50‐RNAi). Nicotine levels of cured lamina of TN90 LC, TN90 PMT‐RNAi and TN90 PR50‐RNAi, were 70.5 ± 3.8, 2.4 ± 0.5, and 6.0 ± 1.1 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Low‐alkaloid transgenic lines showed delayed leaf maturation and impaired leaf quality. We analyzed polyamine contents and ripening markers in wild‐type TN90 control plants (WT) and the two transgenic lines. The ripening markers revealed that the PMT‐RNAi line showed the most pronounced impaired leaf maturation phenotype at harvest, characterized by higher chlorophyll (19%) and glucose (173%) contents and more leaf mesophyll cells per area (25%), while the ripening markers revealed that maturation of PR50‐RNAi plants was intermediate between PMT‐RNAi and WT lines. Comparative polyamine analyses showed an increase in free and conjugated polyamines in roots of both transgenic lines, this being most pronounced in the PMT‐RNAi plants. For PMT‐RNAi plants, there were further perturbations of polyamine content in the leaves, which mirrored the general phenotype, as PR50‐RNAi transgenic plants looked more similar to the WT than PMT‐RNAi transgenic plants. Activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the committing step of polyamine biosynthesis, was significantly higher in roots and mature leaves of PMT‐RNAi plants in comparison to WT, while there was no increase observed for arginine decarboxylase. Treatment of both transgenic lines with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors decreased the polyamine content and ameliorated the phenotype, confirming the intricate interplay of polyamine and nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco and the influence of this interplay on leaf ripening.
Pneumopericardium secondary to oesophageal cancer presenting as myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Shih Yu‐Shan , Chen Pei‐Hsing , Hsu Hsao‐Hsun , Tseng Yu‐Ding
Published: May 2021

The diagnosis of pneumopericardium can be challenging, as the symptoms are sometimes non‐specific and can mimic those of other diseases. Especially, focal pneumopericardium presenting with regional ST‐segment elevation on the electrocardiogram can be difficult to diagnose. Here, we present the case of a patient with pneumopericardium secondary to oesophageal cancer that was first diagnosed with community‐acquired pneumonia and subsequently classified with acute coronary syndrome after an episode of cardiac arrest. The most prominent indication initially observed in this case was the history of oesophageal cancer and the presence of radiolucent areas in the heart under pleural effusion. When an unknown origin collapse develops in patients with oesophageal cancer, pneumopericardium should always be excluded, especially in cases where the cardiogenic shock is strongly suspected.
Quantifying the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection over time
Authors: O Murchu Eamon , Byrne Paula , Carty Paul G. , De Gascun Cillian , Keogan Mary , O’Neill Michelle , Harrington Patricia , Ryan Máirín
Published: May 2021

Despite over 140 million SARS‐CoV‐2 infections worldwide since the beginning of the pandemic, relatively few confirmed cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection have been reported. While immunity from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is probable, at least in the short term, few studies have quantified the reinfection risk. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to synthesise the evidence on the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection over time. A standardised protocol was employed, based on Cochrane methodology. Electronic databases and preprint servers were searched from 1 January 2020 to 19 February 2021. Eleven large cohort studies were identified that estimated the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection over time, including three that enrolled healthcare workers and two that enrolled residents and staff of elderly care homes. Across studies, the total number of PCR‐positive or antibody‐positive participants at baseline was 615,777, and the maximum duration of follow‐up was more than 10 months in three studies. Reinfection was an uncommon event (absolute rate 0%–1.1%), with no study reporting an increase in the risk of reinfection over time. Only one study estimated the population‐level risk of reinfection based on whole genome sequencing in a subset of patients; the estimated risk was low (0.1% [95% CI: 0.08–0.11%]) with no evidence of waning immunity for up to 7 months following primary infection. These data suggest that naturally acquired SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity does not wane for at least 10 months post‐infection. However, the applicability of these studies to new variants or to vaccine‐induced immunity remains uncertain.