bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newspaper Frames of Sub-Saharan Immigrants in Morocco
Authors: Dib Salim
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to understand how the media framed the arrival of Sub-Saharan immigrants to Morocco. Indeed, Media consumers around the world are regularly confronted with media reports or depictions of migrants crossing the Mediterranean. However, the situation of those migrants in Morocco has grabbed media attention, especially in newspapers; hundreds of articles and reports have been written in newspapers, criticizing or denouncing the phenomenon. Although the currently available body research has tended to neglect the linguistic ways in which such media convey meaning along the side of their use of images, little attention has been paid to language-based media. In this study, I will focus on newspaper headlines because they convey the main story of the news story. The goal is to analyse the headlines of four newspapers Almassae, Assabah, Akhbar Al Yaoum, and Alahdath before the migration reform of 2013. With these objectives in mind, the article applies content analysis methodology to examine how news media framed and portrayed the arrival of ‘African’ immigrants in news headlines.
The Fragility of Turkish Political Structures – The AKP Closure Case
Authors: Turkmen Seref
Published: March 2023

For the Justice and Development Party (AKP), one of the most serious challenges in its history was the dissolution lawsuit against the party in 2008. This was not because there would have been no precedent in Turkey for banning the various political parties, but because by then one could speak of a government party with serious social support that had already won two parliamentary elections. Since the founding of the Republic of Turkey, it has not been uncommon for one or another political formation to be banned, but at times they have reactivated themselves under a different name. In fact, the initial, one-party era of the republic was also created by the situation provoked by the founder of the state, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who banned rival, opposition parties that threatened his position. Even since the introduction of the multi-party system in 1946 and the first multi-party election in 1950, nearly three dozen parties have been doomed. These included Kurdish separatist groups, parties with communist ideologies, but also the AKP's moderate Islamist predecessors. It has also happened that the leaders of a military coup have decided to ban some parties, but it has also been the case that in a peaceful and democratic period the prosecution has initiated the same in the Constitutional Court claiming that one party or another is opposed to the most basic republican principles. Yet the case of the AKP was special because, in the case of a party that had been ruling alone for six years, it was still surprising that it was not its political opponent trying to overthrow its power, but the legal nomenclature attached to the old elite. In the second half of the 2000s, the AKP was still taking reluctant steps towards democratic opening, and it was far from the authoritarian style and centralization efforts that characterize it today, yet it can be said that they had fairly stable political positions. Of course, it is no coincidence that several things have weakened the situation of the AKP, and the party leaders could not have felt that they were surviving this crisis in a political sense. There was a chance that the organization would actually cease to function and the Prime Minister and the President of the Republic would be banned from practicing public affairs for up to 5 years. The legal process aimed at banning the party has resonated heavily in Turkey, but has come as a real surprise only to the Western public opinion. The purpose of this article is to look at why the Turks were so laconic about the situation and why it has caused so much uproar in Europe and America. At the same time, it will be possible to see the main differences between Western and Turkish democratic traditions.As the wrangling around the ban of the AKP excited foreign observers more than domestic experts, the literature used for the article was also mostly in English, and only a small number of works in Turkish were taken into consideration.
Connaissance, Attitude et Pratique des Médecins de Toamasina I sur la Prévention du Cancer du Col de l’Utérus
Authors: Randriamanovontsoa Niaina Ezra , Rasataharifetra Hanta , Razafindraibe Andriatompoina Felanarivo , Andriarivony Tahino Niaina , Rafaramino Florine
Published: March 2023

Introduction L’objectif de cette étude vise à décrire la connaissance, l’attitude et la pratique des médecins de de Toamasina I sur la prévention du cancer du col utérin. Méthodes Il s’agissait d’une enquête transversale descriptive du 1er Novembre 2020 au 31 Janvier 2021. La connaissance ou la pratique était supposée suffisante si 75% ou plus des médecins trouvent la bonne réponse à la question posée. Cette étude a obtenu l’autorisation des chefs hiérarchiques ainsi que le consentement des participants.L’âge médian des 74 participants se situait à 40 ans. Ils étaient médecins généralistes, pratiquant à moins de 10ans, exerçant dans un centre public respectivement : 71,60% ; 45,90% ; 63,50%. Ils savaient dans 98,6% que l’HPV favorise le développement de cancer du col utérin. Les enquêtés ont indiqué dans 82,40% que le vaccin anti-HPV existe. Ils avaient donné deux réponses justes aux moyens de dépistage dans 78,10%. Ils estimaient dans 93,20% que le cancer du col peut être guéri s’il est découvert précocement. La proposition d’un dépistage aux femmes cibles, la prescription de frottis cervico-utérin et la pratique de l’IVA étaient évaluées respectivement : 93,20% ; 48,70% ; 25,70%. Discussion Ces médecins avaient de bonnes connaissances mais ils manquaient de pratique probablement à cause de plateau technique insuffisante. Ces résultats ne reflètent pas la réalité des médecins malgaches. Conclusion Les médecins possédaient des connaissances relativement suffisantes mais la mise en pratique était encore insuffisante. La formation post universitaire et la mise en place d’un plateau technique adéquat sont nécessaires.
The Role of Gender and Education in Peer-to-peer Lending Activities: Evidence from a European Cross-country Study
Authors: Aliano Mauro , Alnabulsi Khalil , Cestari Greta , Ragni Stefania
Published: March 2023

The wide use of peer-to-peer lending platforms coupled with the Fintech global race has emphasized the role of social lending activities and their impact on consumers in recent years. Starting from the publicly available Bondora database, we analyse determinants of loan default during the 2013-2021 period by studying individual economic and social factors of borrowers. We apply a Logit model to estimate the ex-post probability of default on both original variables provided by the database and factors obtained by Principal Component Analysis. Results show the fundamental role of borrowers’ education in reducing the probability of default, as with financial awareness obtained by loan characteristics. In addition, gender plays an important role in determining loan default, with a particular focus on women's conditions within the family. Regarding financial inclusion and its social implications, our findings suggest different ways to improve financial literacy and promote peer-to-peer lending.
Advances in remote sensing technologies for assessing crop health
Authors:   Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Germany, Schirrmann Michael
Published: March 2023

Advances in crop health monitoring would help farmers use resources more efficiently and accurately. Higher-quality spatiotemporal information on changes in crop characteristics will enable more precise and timely management of crop health, by providing early indication of crop disease outbreaks and enabling site-specific disease management. This chapter explores how current advances in remote sensing can contribute to improve the monitoring of plant health in response to stresses such as disease. A case study demonstrates how very high-resolution remote sensing data from drones, combined with deep learning models, can be used to evaluate stripe rust in the field. The chapter discusses current limitations of remote sensing to provide accurate and specific data on plant health and disease and how these might be addressed.
Advances in using proximal spectroscopic sensors to assess soil health
Authors:   USDA-ARS, USA, Sudduth Kenneth A. , Veum Kristen S. ,   USDA-ARS, USA
Published: March 2023

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a method that has been successfully used to estimate soil organic carbon, organic matter, and numerous other properties related to soil health. In this chapter, we introduce the concept of soil health and the need for sensor-based soil health measurements. We then review methods of soil spectroscopy, including instrumentation and modeling methods for both laboratory and in-situ sensing. The ability of spectroscopy to estimate key soil health properties is covered along with the potential advantages of merging other sensor data with spectral data. The chapter concludes with a case-study example, an exploration of future trends, and suggested sources of additional information.
Controvérsias da indicação de cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina para o tratamento da covid-19
Authors: Gomes Anders Teixeira , Nunes Núbia da Silva Cardoso , Oliveira Maria Alice dos Santos Almeida de
Published: March 2023

The global health crisis caused by the new coronavirus pandemic represents a moment of uncertainty. Due to the rapid spread of the virus and the absence of an appropriate contingency plan, some drugs began to be used preventively: chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin, especially in the fight against opportunistic infections such as pneumonia. However, the indication of these drugs quickly became controversial. The objective of this research was to conduct a literature review on the controversies of the indication of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, associated or not, to azithromycin for the treatment of covid-19. The methodology used was the narrative review of the literature conducted from March 2020 to March 2021. The different authors were unanimous in stating that due to the difficulties imposed, there are great barriers to proving the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, both due to the uncertainty of the research published so far and the dubious or even questionable quality of the methodologies used. It is concluded that to date there is no specific treatment for covid-19 due to the absence of robust results. Therefore, the scientific community will oppose the use of these two drugs until data from well-designed clinical trials are published, with a greater number of participants, clearer methodologies, and more consistent results.
Attitudes of Unmarried University Students Towards Aspects of Traditional Marriage: An exploratory study on female students of Sudan University of Science and Technology and Al-Nahda College
Authors: Hassan Altyb ALsanosi Yousif , Mussa Yahia Mohammed Fadul allah , Elhaj Zeinab Omer Mohammed Ahmed
Published: March 2023

The study aims to know the attitudes of the unmarried undergraduate students towards the aspects of traditional marriage. The study has been conducted on an exploratory sample consisting of rural female students from Sudan University of Science and Technology and urban students from Al-Nahda College, whereas the size of the study sample was (331) female students, ( 202) female students from Sudan University of Science and Technology and (129) female students from Al-Nahda college, with an average age of (21.11) and a standard deviation of (2.740) towards the manifestations of traditional marriage, The researchers use questionnaire as a tool for the study, it consists of (5) axes, its stability ranged (771.-881.), and after analyzing the data, the results of the study were: Positive attitudes of rural and urban students (sample members) towards the aspects of traditional marriage, with the negative attitudes of rural students towards (marriage ceremonial customs). There is no correlation between the attitudes of urban students with chronological age, while there is an inverse correlation between the attitudes of rural students towards aspects of marriage and age in the following (the general trend towards marriage, the trend towards traditional marriage ceremonies).There is no correlation between the attitudes of rural and urban students (sample members) with the academic level, except that there is an inverse correlation between the academic level and (the trend towards traditional marriage ceremonies for rural female students, and the general trend towards marriage for urban students. The study has some recommendations, such as: The necessity of develop that includes academic curricula as comprehensive requirements on the correct and secure marriage as legislated by the heavenly religions.
The Attitudes of Iranian Female EFL Learners towards Peer Feedback
Authors: Maleki Arghavan
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the Iranian female EFL learners` and teachers` preferences toward peer feedback. The participants of this study were 60 females intermediate EFL learners and 15 female TEFL teachers studying/teaching in different language institutes in Tehran. Learners' attitudes toward peer feedback Questionnaire were administered to determine the learners' attitudes towards peer feedback. In addition, a semi-structured interview was given to the teachers to explore their attitudes towards peer feedback. Furthermore, two independent t-tests were run to see whether there was a statistically significant difference between the efficacy of feedback given by teachers and peers. The study results showed that most participating teachers think peer feedback is fruitful. It also revealed that most students believe that peer feedback is more effective than teacher feedback. In addition, the data analysis result showed a statistically significant difference between the feedback given by teachers and the ones provided by students.
Investigating the Validity of the IELTS Listening Test
Authors: Peltekov Peter
Published: March 2023

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) has gained popularity in recent years and it is now accepted by many educational institutions worldwide. While IELTS offers a distinct academic version of the reading and writing test components, it uses the same listening module for the General Training and the Academic exam. The present article explores to what extent the listening subtest in the Academic IELTS test is a useful measure of test-takers listening ability and a predictor of their academic success. This study focusses on the test’s construct validity. A critical review of the major strengths and potential drawbacks of the listening test is followed by a comparison of the test scores with another traditionally accepted test of academic English. Conclusions about the validity of the IELTS listening test are drawn along with some suggestions for design improvement. Future research directions are also proposed.
The Validity of Multiple Choice and Essay Composition Proficiency Assessment for English Language Learners
Authors: Terence LI
Published: March 2023

Students take assessment methods designed to examine their command of the English language in all four skill domains – reading, writing, speaking, and listening, as outlined by individual states. There has been much debate on whether multiple choice questions or essay compositions are valid in assessing students' English language proficiency. This paper aims to determine whether multiple-choice tests or written compositions are more reliable in gauging students' English competence. The author underlines that multiple choice tests could be successfully employed to test grammar, listening or reading skills. This research incorporated a qualitative methodology by utilizing deductive content analysis. The results of this study demonstrate that using multiple-choice questions is valid because they help students develop abilities for independent learning and raise their level of English proficiency. The deductive approach began with developing a theory that multiple choice questions are the most valid method of assessing a learner's proficiency in the English language. The author then found relevant and credible articles that address the research question. A hypothesis was then developed that teachers who use multiple choice questions can assess learners' English language proficiency compared to those who use compositions. Conclusions about the validity of the multiple choice questions are drawn and future research directions are also proposed.
A survey of the resources senior secondary school teachers use in teaching vocabulary in Ibadan North, Nigeria
Authors: Abiola Muhydeen O , Ajibade Blessing K
Published: March 2023

This study surveyed the resources senior secondary school English language teachers use in teaching vocabulary in Ibadan North. The descriptive research design of the survey type was employed in the study. Using the purposive sampling technique, all the two hundred and twenty-four (224) English and Literature-in-English teachers in the study area as at the time of this study constituted the sample based on the intervening variables of gender, qualification, school type and experience. Only one hundred and ninety-six (196) questionnaires were properly filled and returned. A reliability coefficient of r = 0.90 was obtained using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics. This showed that the items were of high stake. Findings revealed that the teachers seemed to make more frequent use of non-human instructional resources for teaching vocabulary than the human instructional resources. Also, there were no significant differences on teachers’ qualification, school type and experience except for gender. It was concluded that, aside from teachers’ gender, no other variable had any influence on the resources used for the teaching of vocabulary in senior secondary schools in Ibadan North. It was thus recommended that teachers should employ both human and non-human teaching resources during the teaching and learning of vocabulary.
Upaya Hukum Terhadap Pemanggilan Notaris Yang Tidak Memenuhi Pasal 66 Ayat (1) UUJNP
Authors: Rachmawati Sisca Anindya
Published: March 2023

The issue in this writing is how to take legal action against summons for a notary who does not comply with Article 66 paragraph (1) UUNJP and what crimes are related to the profession and position of a notary. The method of this research is normative or doctrinal in which the object is statutory regulations with a case or doctrine approach, then the primary legal material is statutory regulations and secondary legal material is in the form of books. The results of this study conclude that legal remedies taken by a notary against summons that do not comply with Article 66 paragraph (1) UUJNP are through pretrial since it has the authority to decide whether or not an arrest and or detention is legal at the request of the suspect or his family or other parties on the power of the suspect and that criminal acts related to the profession and position of a notary in the Criminal Code are Articles 263-266 as well as Articles 372 and 378, these articles indicate the involvement of the profession and position of a notary. Meanwhile, the author's suggestion is that investigators and public prosecutors should pay attention to other regulations apart from the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code so that no suspect's rights are overlooked and for a notary to always act in professional manner and being thorough or prudent in formulating a deed.
Kekuatan Hukum Akta Keterangan Hak Waris Yang Dibuat Notaris Bagi Warga Negara Indonesia Asli
Authors: Sutrisno Hambyah Agung
Published: March 2023

Provisions regarding inheritance certificates used to proving someone as heirs and the institutions that make them are still based on a certain ethnicity. The provisions of Article 111 paragraph (1) of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of BPN Number 3 of 1997 on Provisions for the Implementation of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration states that Indonesian Citizens are Indigenous, a certificate of inheritance is sufficient to be made by the heirs and ratified by the Chief of Village and confirmed by the Chief of District. However, it was later found that the practice of a notary making a certificate of inheritance rights for native Indonesian citizens was used as evidence for managing inheritance rights. In this study, problems emerged related to the legal basis for the strength of the Deed of Inheritance Rights made by a Notary for Indigenous Indonesian Citizens and the legal force of the deed made by a Notary for Indigenous Indonesian Citizens. Based on these two problems, this research was conducted using library research and field research, so this research is an empirical juridical research. After conducting research, the results obtained are in the form of a legal basis for the strength of the Deed of Inheritance Declaration made by a Notary for Indigenous Indonesian Citizens, namely the Regulation of the State Minister for Agrarian Affairs/Head of BPN Number 3 of 1997 on Implementation of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration and Letters from the Department of Home Affairs. Directorate General of Agrarian Affairs Directorate of Land Registration Number Dpt/12/63/12/69 on Certificates of Inheritance and Proof of Citizenship by setting aside provisions regarding the classification of the population based on certain groups, races and ethnicities because it is against the above regulations based on the principle of lex superior derogat legi inferiori and although these regulations are still in effect today, the provisions in these regulations are not enforced in the process of inheritance in banking.
Interpretasi Hukum Pasal 15 Ayat (2) Huruf g Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris
Authors: Pramapta Yudhana Hendra
Published: March 2023

The existence of the authority of a Notary in making the minutes of the auction deed in Article 15 paragraph (2) letter g of Notary Position Law (UUJN) has its own legal consequences. This is due to the discovery of vague norms in Article 15 paragraph (2) letter g UUJN, and conflicts between legal norms (antinomy norms) between Article 15 paragraph (2) letter g UUJN and Consitutional Court Regulation (PMK) No. 189/PMK.06/2017 on Class II Auction Officers. In addition, there is debate about the nature of the minutes of the auction deed that must be in accordance with Article 38 UUJN or Article 37 Vendu Reglement. The researcher formulates two problems, first, what is the legal interpretation regarding the authority of a Notary in making a deed of minutes of auction deed in UUJN? Second, what is the nature of the minutes of auction deed made by a Notary as Class II Auction Officer? The research method used is normative juridical with literature study. The results of the study concluded that PMK No. 189/PMK.06/2017 can be waived due to the principle of Lex Superior Derogat Legi Inferiori and a Notary who wishes to hold concurrent positions as Class II Auction Officer can be directly appointed by the Ministry of Finance without having to go through stages such as selection and work practice (apprenticeship). In addition, the deed of minutes of auction as an authentic deed (Ambtelijke Acte) drawn up by a Notary must comply with the provisions of Article 37 Vendu Reglement based on the principle of Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis.
Tanggung Jawab PPAT Atas Pembatalan Akta Yang Dibuat Dihadapannya
Authors: Rizal Emha Ainun
Published: March 2023

This study proposes two formulations of the problem, namely, first, how to apply the precautionary principle of the Land Titles Registrar (PPAT) in formulating the deed so that it will not be cancelled, and secondly, what is the responsibility of the PPAT for canceling the deed made before them. This type of research is normative legal research supported by information from various sources. The approach used in this study is a conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach), statutory approach (Statute Approach) and case approach (Case Approach), then analyzed in a descriptive qualitative manner. The results of this study conclude that, first, one of the application of the precautionary principle that must be carried out by PPAT is by issuing a Statement of Authenticity which is approved and signed by the parties concerned. The purpose of this Statement of Authenticity is to minimize and prevent bad faith from the parties applying before the PPAT. In addition to minimizing and preventing bad faith from the parties in the form of providing false statements or fake documents, the Statement of Authenticity is also useful for providing protection for PPAT to not get involved in legal problems. Second, the responsibility of the PPAT for canceling the deed made before them is a form of consequence that must be accepted by the PPAT who is proven to have committed a violation. As a form of accountability for violations committed, the PPAT receives sanctions in accordance with the form of the violation, namely in the form of civil, criminal and administrative sanctions. Meanwhile, products made by PPAT are authentic deeds, so their status will be null and void.
Kedudukan Jaminan Syariah dalam Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Sulistyowati Novita Indah
Published: March 2023

The growth of Islamic banking each year has an influence on the regulations that underlie the existence of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The existence of Islamic banks helps people a lot in facing the world economic competition. Therefore, the more advanced lives of the people, the more law is needed as in the provisions of sharia guarantees in sharia banking. The formulation of the problem in this study is, first, what is the position of Islamic guarantees in Islamic banking? Second, what are the provisions in Islamic banking regarding customers who default on the al-rahn contract? The research method used is normative or doctrinal with the research object of the Al-Quran and Hadith as well as laws and regulations. The approach used is the case study and doctrinal approach with primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations, and secondary legal materials in the form of books and journal articles. The results of this study conclude that the position of sharia guarantees in Islamic banking is dependent on the contract to be made between the bank and the customer as in the DSN-MUI Fatwa hence it can be concluded that sharia guarantees in Islamic banking are not required to be carried out and arrangements regarding al-Rahn in Islamic banking if there is default is the same as the provisions of western civil law, namely through sharia auctions.
Urgensi Pengaturan Terhadap Kewenangan Notaris Dalam Melakukan Sertifikasi Transaksi Elektronik
Authors: Dewi Ratna , Wiratama Buana Sandy Ekki
Published: March 2023

One of the additional powers given to the notary is related to the authority to certify an electronic transaction, but until now there has been no detailed regulation governing this matter. Therefore, the researcher formulates the the problem regarding how is the urgency of regulating the notary's authority in certifying electronic transactions? The research method used is normative juridical research by utilizing library study. The results of this study conclude that regulation of the authority of a notary in certifying an electronic transaction is very necessary with the aim of creating legal certainty so that the notary understands the responsibilities and legal consequences that he bears and so does legal certainty for notaries so that they feel safe to take advantage of technological advances in carry out the authority of the notary profession.
Keabsahan Akta Autentik Dari Risalah e-RUPS PT Terbuka Melalui Aplikasi eASY.KSEI
Authors: Cahyasari Krismanova Dwi
Published: March 2023

The The implementation of e-GMS in public company (PT) can be carried out with an application called eASY.KSEI which according to the provisions requires that it be made in the form of an authentic deed. Hence this study discusses, first, whether the authentic deed originating from the minutes of the e-GMS of Public Company through the eASY.KSEI Application complies with the provisions of Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies? second, how is the validity of the authentic deed made from the e-GMS of public company minutes through the eASY.KSEI Application. The type of research used is normative law with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of this study conclude, first, the form of minutes of meetings made in the eASY.KSEI application is not in accordance with the Limited Liability Company Law, but the minutes have been specifically regulated in accordance with the provisions of the Republic of Indonesia Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 16/POJK.04/2020 on Implementation of Electronic General Meeting of Shareholders of Public Companies; and secondly, the validity of an authentic deed will be fulfilled if the formal and material requirements are fulfilled as stipulated in the provisions of the Notary Office Law.
Penggunaan Teleconference Dalam Pelaksanaan Tugas Jabatan Notaris Pada Masa Pandemi Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris
Authors: Abdurrahman Muhammad Roem
Published: March 2023

This article aims to examine the use of teleconferences in carrying out the duties of a notary public office during a pandemic based on the Notary Office Law. This type of research is empirical legal research with 4 (four) Notaries in the Special Region of Yogyakarta as resource persons. The results of this study conclude that the use of a teleconference during a pandemic is a legal interpretation of cyber notary regulations in the UUJN, and the physical absence of a notary at the formalization of a deed is not a violation of Article 17 UUJN. The use of a teleconference does not violate the law as long as it is carried out based on applicable legal provisions and fulfills the formal and material requirements of a deed.
Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Keamanan Hak Tanggungan Elektronik Sebagai Alat Bukti Digital Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik
Authors: Leesley Astrid Ceryllia
Published: March 2023

Utilization of information technology changes the behavios of the people. This occurs in the process of registering mortgage rights which is carried out electronically with the result being a mortgage certificate which is also in electronic form. Even though the data or information that is stored or sent for the registration process for mortgage rights is very prone to being stolen, damaged or changed in content, and can be disseminated without permission. Therefore. The formulation of the problem in this research is, first, what is the legality of electronic mortgage security as digital evidence? Second, how is the legality of the electronic signature in the electronic mortgage right certificate? This study uses a normative method with a statutory approach. The results of the study concluded that first, the legality of electronic mortgage rights against evidence in court becomes the basis for immediate execution if the debtor defaults in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and ATR/BPN Number 9 of 2009 which has been amended by the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and ATR/BPN Number 5 of 2009 2020 on Electronic Integrated Mortgage Services. Second, the legality of electronic signatures has been regulated in Law Number 11 of 2008 and Government Regulation Number 82 of 2012 which states that electronic signatures are considered valid if they meet the requirements.
Serological Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Febrile Patients Attending a General Hospital in Emohua LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okonko Iheanyi , Ernest Nwagwu Happiness
Published: March 2023

This study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among febrile patients attending a General Hospital in Emohua LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria. Eighty-nine patients, including 31 males and 58 females, aged 2 to 60 years, were recruited for this study. Blood samples were screened for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) using a commercially available anti-HCV-Ab enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based kits following the manufacturer's description. The results showed an overall prevalence of 5.6%. Higher prevalence of HCV was observed among females (6.9%), age groups >41 years (11.1%), singles (7.9%) and patients with primary education (33.3%). Among all the variables evaluated, only education (p = 0.007) was significantly associated with the prevalence of HCV. Age (p = 0.21), sex (p = 0.47) and marital status (p = 0.42) were not associated with the prevalence of HCV among the studied population. This study showed a prevalence rate (5.6%) that is slightly alarmingly well above several other studies done in the past in Nigeria. The seropositivity of HCV among febrile patients remains a great danger to public health. Therefore, HCV screening by ELISA methods in all patients is recommended. Planned prevention, screening and treatment are needed to reduce further transmission.
A Scientometric Review of Bim in Facility Management Research
Authors: Adetayo Onososen , Onatayo Damilola
Published: March 2023

The state of BIM adoption and implementation in facility management in Africa has been regarded as a developmental discourse gradually gaining grounds. While several studies have focused on manual review of the intellectual progression of BIM research, this confined review however understates the evolution of BIM in facility management. This approach therefore is not always representative of the picture of BIM in facility management at its formative stage. This paper aims to present a scientometric review of BIM in facility management exploring the intellectual progress made so far by authors. The state of the art of BIM in facility management research and practice and the challenges debilitating against BIM in facility management research. The review revealed a considerable amount of research endeavours limited by inadequate collaboration acorss organizations and institutions. The study also revealed the low degree of awareness amongst researchers in the AEC sector. While North America and China were leading countries due to the activity of few universities, Africa wasn’t as visible in research endeavours. The study recommended an increase in awareness drive across countries and increased government effort, joint funding for research to include gaps in practice issues.
Indications and Efficacy of Halo-Gravity Traction in Pediatric Spinal Deformity
Authors: O'Donnell Jennifer , Garcia Steven , Ali Syed , Asturias Alicia , Swarup Ishaan
Published: March 2023

» Halo-gravity traction (HGT) is a well-established technique for correcting severe spinal deformity in pediatric patients.

» HGT induces soft-tissue relaxation and gradually lengthens the spine, and it can be used preoperatively and intraoperatively.

» It is typically indicated for spinal deformity over 90° in any plane and medical optimization.

» There are several complications associated with the use of HGT, and it is critical to follow a protocol and perform serial examinations to minimize this risk.
University Mathematics Assessment Practices During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Henley Matthew , Grove Michael , Hilliam Rachel
Published: March 2023

In response to the global Covid-19 pandemic departments of mathematical sciences within the UK and Ireland needed to adapt their teaching approaches and methodologies from March 2020 to incorporate not only government social distancing requirements, but also periods of national lockdown and the fact that students were necessarily studying online. In planning for the many different and possible scenarios, universities implemented a range of emergency measures and regulation changes to provide frameworks for adapting teaching, learning and assessment approaches, and at a subject level, departments also needed to correspondingly respond to specific disciplinary needs. Here we specifically consider the changes made by mathematical sciences departments to their assessment practices in the period from March 2020 until January 2021 and their proposed adjustments for the remainder of the 2020/21 academic year. We found that departments were using a range of different approaches regarding the release of their assessments and this paper considers the implications of each for future practice. In particular we identified a concerning issue that emerged across a number of departments in relation to academic misconduct that will now require a community-wide approach if open-book online assessments are to prove a valid, reliable and fair method of assessment in the longer-term.
Editorial
Authors: Mann Tony
Published: March 2023

Editorial, issue 20-03
Correct for the wrong reason: why we should know more about Mathematical Common Student Errors in e-Assessment questions
Authors: Sikurajapathi Indunil , Henderson Karen , Gwynllyw Rhys
Published: March 2023

Students may arrive at an incorrect answer when answering a mathematical question due to several reasons, such as random errors, calculation errors or misreading the question. Such errors are sometimes referred to as Common Student Errors (CSEs). This article explains why it is important to know more about Mathematical CSEs in e-Assessment questions, using several examples encountered while conducting the CSE Project at the University of the West of England (UWE Bristol). The CSE Project at UWE Bristol began with an aim of developing a technique to detect CSEs and provide tailored feedback in e-Assessment questions delivered via Dewis, UWE Bristol’s in-house e-Assessment system.  In this research article, we present one important finding of this project that is related to the parameter selection(s) of e-Assessment questions which have at least one CSE.  We highlight why, in this digital era, it is more vital than ever to know more about mathematical CSEs.
Using online STACK assessment to teach complex analysis: a prototype course design?
Authors: Gratwick Richard , O'Hagan Steven
Published: March 2023

We describe a new course design, informed by our experience of the pandemic, that we think could be used in other high-level mathematics courses. The course’s main resource was a set of interactive STACK workbooks containing the course notes, automatically-marked comprehension and practice questions for self-assessment, and short videos of examples, calculations, and high-level motivation. This freed up synchronous class time to address conceptual understanding using interactive polling. We describe the course and discuss how it worked in practice.
Automatic assessment of mathematical programming exercises with Numbas
Authors: Graham Chris
Published: March 2023

As programming has become a common feature of undergraduate mathematics degrees, there has been an increasing focus on how to teach and assess the subject to mathematicians. The potential benefits of e-assessment of basic programming exercises have many parallels with assessment in mathematics where e-assessment tools are widely used: the chance to give instant feedback to students offers an opportunity to allow students to work at their own pace, accommodating the disparate background in programming that often exists in undergraduate mathematics cohorts. And the randomisation of question content not only offers a powerful tool for practice, with students able to repeat similar problems over and over, it also can offer some protection against plagiarism in a subject where, just like a solution to some mathematical problems, student answers to identical problems are likely to be very similar. This paper considers an extension to Numbas to automatically assess programming exercises and the successful implementation of the resource in undergraduate modules using the programming languages R and Python.
Collusion, Rackets, and Plagiarism in Assessments
Authors: Walker Alan James
Published: March 2023

Recently, due to the global pandemic, some higher education institutions moved from formal closed-book examinations to emergency virtual assessments (EVAs). These EVAs normally comprised open-book, remote, short time-frame assessments. Most institutions are moving back to formal examinations as effects from the pandemic reduce, but some institutions have created a “new normal” regarding assessments and have opted to remain with open-book, remote, non-invigilated assessments. With these enforced changes, the mathematical sciences assessment setter is tasked with creating assessments which are resistant to collusion, plagiarism and other forms of academic malpractice. Here we discuss some recent examples of issues encountered in the assessment of science and engineering topics without formal invigilated examinations.
Assessment as a barrier to inclusion
Authors: Mann Tony
Published: March 2023

I argue that the methods used to assess mathematics in higher education too often prevent people from achieving their potential and have the (presumably unintended) consequence that the diversity of the mathematical community is reduced as a result.
Suicidality, depression, and anxiety among Hong Kong veterinarians: a quantitative pilot study
Authors: Chan Camille K.Y. , Wong Paul W.C.
Published: March 2023

Objective
The suicidality and poor mental health conditions of the veterinary profession have drawn increasing attention; however, little is known about the mental health status of veterinarians in Hong Kong. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of suicidality and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Hong Kong veterinarians.
Methods
All veterinarians were registered and practising in Hong Kong at the time of recruitment to the e-survey study between 1 January 2022 and 31 March 2022. Participants’ suicidality, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were assessed using validated scales.
Results
Data from 56 participants were included in the analysis. Among them, 22.0% self-reported as at risk of suicide, 19.6% had current suicidal ideation, and 29.4% and 23.5% had depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Our findings were comparable to or higher than those reported in Anglophone and European countries.
Conclusion
Contextual factors affecting the mental health of veterinarians practising in Hong Kong are worth further investigation. It is important to enhance mental health awareness by improving the profession’s mental health literacy as a suicide prevention strategy.
Physician Burnout and Associated Risk Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Reimann Raissa Santos , Romano Filippo , Cavatti Mariana Moraes
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome consists of a group of psychological symptoms due to chronic exposure to stressors in the workplace, which increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of burnout, and the possible associated risk factors, among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in Porto Velho-RO, Brazil.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out through the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) answered by physicians who signed the informed consent form, between August 2021 and May 2022. RESULTS: The prevalence of burnout in this study was 77.5% (107/138), with 43.48% (60/138) with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Statistical tests were carried out and suggested being female, being under 30 years of age, being single, and working on the frontline as risk factors for burnout. While having children and being married are possible protective factors.
CONCLUSIONS: High levels of burnout syndrome were evidenced in the research participants. This study highlights correlated risk factors, with its results being consistent with the literature.
Physical activity before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic: a smartphone-tracking study of university students in Egypt and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aly Mohamed , AlMarzooqi Mezna , Mohamed Sheref , Alzahrani Turki , Abdelkarim Osama
Published: March 2023

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a real threat to human society in terms of economy, health, and people's lifestyle. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the physical activity level of Egyptian and Saudi university students before and during the first and second years of COVID-19 pandemic by recording daily step counts to understand the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity in Egyptian and Saudi Arabia young adults.
Methods: We used the daily step counts recorded by a smartphone application (iPhone Health App) from January 2019 to December 2021 for 1273 university students in Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
Results: Of 1273 university students who participated in the study, 645 were from Egypt, and 628 were from Saudi Arabia. The mean age of Egyptian university students was 20.00 ± 3.39 years, while the mean age of Saudi university students was 21.02 ± 2.99 years. There was a significant difference between pre-COVID and post-COVID 1st year (3909.766 ± vs 2913.45) and between post-COVID 1st year and post-COVID 2nd year (2913.45 vs 3726.24). The daily step count was also significantly higher among Egyptian university students than male Saudi university students (4146.72 vs 3305.75) in post-COVID-2nd year but not in females. The daily step counts were significantly lower in females than males, with only Egyptians in the three-time points (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: These findings outline that both Egyptian and Saudi participants were far from the physical activity guidelines. Our data also showed that COVID-19 pandemic greatly influenced the daily step counts of university students due to restrictive governmental measures. Physical activity initiatives are needed in both countries to encourage active living and discourage sedentary lifestyles especially in female university students.
Unravelling the mechanism of autoinhibition by Pseudomonas aeruginosa aminopeptidase enables the development of a potent antibiofilm cyclic peptide
Authors: Harding Christopher John , Bischoff Marcus , Bergkessel Megan , Czekster Clarissa Melo
Published: March 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious illness, especially in immunocompromised individuals, including those with cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa extensively forms biofilms which significantly contribute to its growth and persistence in a wide range of environments. In addition, its success can be attributed to several secreted proteases. Here, we investigated the aminopeptidase PaAP from P. aeruginosa, which is one of the most abundant extracellular proteins in the biofilm matrix. Increasing evidence suggests this quorum-sensing-regulated peptidase is associated with biofilm development and contributes to nutrient recycling by complementing the activity of other secreted proteases. We confirmed that post translational processing was required for activation, as a C-terminal truncation mutant possessed ~100-fold higher activity than the full-length enzyme. We determined that PaAP is a promiscuous aminopeptidase acting on unstructured regions of peptides and proteins. High-resolution crystal structures of wild type enzyme and mutants revealed the mechanism of autoinhibition, whereby the Cterminal pro-peptide locks the protease-associated (PA) domain and the catalytic peptidase domain, into a closed, inhibited conformation. Inspired by this selfregulatory mechanism and guided by structural data, we designed a highly potent small cyclic-peptide inhibitor (KI in the nM range). This inhibitor recapitulates the deleterious phenotype observed with a PaAP deletion mutant in liquid cultures and biofilm assays and presents a path towards targeting secreted proteins in a biofilm context.