bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increase in Injury Risk With Low Body Mass and Aerobic-Running Fitness in Elite Australian Football
Authors: Gastin Paul B. , Meyer Denny , Huntsman Emy , Cook Jill
Published: October 2014

Purpose:

To assess the relationships between player characteristics (including age, playing experience, ethnicity, and physical fitness) and in-season injury in elite Australian football.

Design:

Single-cohort, prospective, longitudinal study.

Methods:

Player characteristics (height, body mass, age, experience, ethnicity, playing position), preseason fitness (6-min run, 40-m sprint, 6 × 40-m sprint, vertical jump), and in-season injury data were collected over 4 seasons from 1 professional Australian football club. Data were analyzed for 69 players, for a total of 3879 player rounds and 174 seasons. Injury risk (odds ratio [OR]) and injury severity (matches missed; rate ratio [RR]) were assessed using a series of multilevel univariate and multivariate hierarchical linear models.

Results:

A total of 177 injuries were recorded with 494 matches missed (2.8 ± 3.3 matches/injury). The majority (87%) of injuries affected the lower body, with hamstring (20%) and groin/hip (14%) most prevalent. Nineteen players (28%) suffered recurrent injuries. Injury incidence was increased in players with low body mass (OR = 0.887, P = .005), with poor 6-min-run performance (OR = 0.994, P = .051), and playing as forwards (OR = 2.216, P = .036). Injury severity was increased in players with low body mass (RR = 0.892, P = .008), tall stature (RR = 1.131, P = .002), poor 6-min-run (RR = 0.990, P = .006), and slow 40-m-sprint (RR = 3.963, P = .082) performance.

Conclusions:

The potential to modify intrinsic risk factors is greatest in the preseason period, and improvements in aerobic-running fitness and increased body mass may protect against in-season injury in elite Australian football.
Automatic abstraction of imaging observations with their characteristics from mammography reports
Authors: Bozkurt Selen , Lipson Jafi A , Senol Utku , Rubin Daniel L
Published: October 2014

Background Radiology reports are usually narrative, unstructured text, a format which hinders the ability to input report contents into decision support systems. In addition, reports often describe multiple lesions, and it is challenging to automatically extract information on each lesion and its relationships to characteristics, anatomic locations, and other information that describes it. The goal of our work is to develop natural language processing (NLP) methods to recognize each lesion in free-text mammography reports and to extract its corresponding relationships, producing a complete information frame for each lesion.

Materials and methods We built an NLP information extraction pipeline in the General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) NLP toolkit. Sequential processing modules are executed, producing an output information frame required for a mammography decision support system. Each lesion described in the report is identified by linking it with its anatomic location in the breast. In order to evaluate our system, we selected 300 mammography reports from a hospital report database.

Results The gold standard contained 797 lesions, and our system detected 815 lesions (780 true positives, 35 false positives, and 17 false negatives). The precision of detecting all the imaging observations with their modifiers was 94.9, recall was 90.9, and the F measure was 92.8.

Conclusions Our NLP system extracts each imaging observation and its characteristics from mammography reports. Although our application focuses on the domain of mammography, we believe our approach can generalize to other domains and may narrow the gap between unstructured clinical report text and structured information extraction needed for data mining and decision support.
Clinical and angiographic outcomes after stent-assisted coiling of cerebral aneurysms with Enterprise and Neuroform stents: a comparative analysis of the literature
Authors: King Brent , Vaziri Sasha , Singla Amit , Fargen Kyle M , Mocco J
Published: October 2014

Introduction

The most widely used intracranial stents for stent-assisted coiling are Neuroform (NEU) and Enterprise stents (ENT). This study compares published outcomes between the ENT and NEU coil-assist systems and comments on the published safety and efficacy of stent-assisted coiling in general.

Methods

A literature search was performed through PubMed for all published series of ENT or NEU stent-assisted coiling of cerebral aneurysms from 2004 to 2014. All studies including 10 or more published cases of stent-assisted coiling with ENT or NEU were included.

Results

47 studies met the inclusion criteria, containing 4238 aneurysms in 4039 patients. 2111 aneurysms were treated with NEU and 2127 were treated with ENT. Mean follow-up was 14.1 months. Overall, thromboembolic events occurred in 6.4% of aneurysms, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in 2.6%, permanent morbidity in 3.9%, and mortality in 2.3%. Initial and final 100% angiographic occlusion was seen in 53% and 69% of patients, respectively. Deployment failures (p<0.001), ICH (p=0.001), mortality among all patients (p=0.03), and recanalization (p=0.02) were more commonly reported in NEU treated aneurysms. The ENT system was also associated with higher reported complete occlusion at follow-up (p<0.001).

Conclusions

This literature review represents the largest and most robust comparison of stent-assisted coiling devices to date, containing over 4200 aneurysms in more than 4000 patients. Comparative analyses demonstrate that both devices are reported to be safe and effective with comparable permanent morbidity.
Optimal management of recreational fisheries in the presence of hooking mortality and noncompliance — predictions from a bioeconomic model incorporating a mechanistic model of angler behavior
Authors: Johnston Fiona D. , Beardmore Ben , Arlinghaus Robert
Published: October 2014

Using a bioeconomic model, we systematically investigated how hooking mortality and regulatory noncompliance influenced management outcomes across a range of freshwater fish species exploited by diverse angler populations. The model integrated an empirically based submodel describing the behaviour of three angler types with an age-structured fish population submodel calibrated to five life-history types (LHTs). Increased hooking mortality generally undermined regulation effectiveness, decreased socially optimal input (license numbers) and output regulations (minimum-size limits), and eroded the social welfare anglers derived from the fishery. However, the results strongly varied with LHT and angler type. Noncompliance had an isolated effect, primarily affecting fish species with low compensatory reserves when hooking mortality was low. However, in the absence of regulatory constraints on effort, noncompliance facilitated recruitment overfishing and increased the minimum-size limit required to avoid it. Despite added mortality from hooking and noncompliance, the strong dependence of angler utility on catch rates usually meant socially optimal management safeguarded biological sustainability. Yet, ignoring hooking mortality and noncompliance when predicting optimal regulations often led to population collapse. To conclude, models designed to derive recommendations for recreational fisheries management must consider both hooking mortality and noncompliance. Otherwise, dissatisfied anglers or biologically overfished stocks are possible.
Severe Perineal Lacerations in Obstetric Practice: The Effect of Institutional Practice Guidelines on Repair Failures in a Single Centre
Authors: Cawich Shamir O. , Wright Dwayne , Kulkarni Santosh , Rattray Carol , Bambury Ian , Christie Loxley , Naraynsingh Vijay
Published: October 2014

Background.There is a high incidence of failure after repair of severe perineal lacerations (SPLs). A tertiary referral hospital in the Caribbean introduced guidelines in an attempt to improve outcomes. We performed an audit of SPL repairs at this centre in an attempt to determine the effect on repair failure.Methods.All patients with SPL repairs between November 1, 2007, and December 30, 2012, were identified. The primary aim was to determine the incidence of failed repairs (wound dehiscence, anal sphincter disruption, rectovaginal fistula, and/or faecal incontinence). The Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) was used to assess continence at discharge and 24 weeks after repair. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 12.Results.There were 8108 vaginal deliveries, 23 third-degree injuries, and 3 fourth-degree injuries. Three patients experienced a repair failure. Notably, 69% of surgeons chose an inappropriate suture for sphincter repair.Conclusions.Experienced operators are performing repairs, but there is a high prevalence of inappropriate suture choice for repairs. A targeted educational campaign may be necessary to remind clinicians of the best practice in repair techniques.
A Randomized Study Comparing Skin Staples with Subcuticular Sutures for Wound Closure at Caesarean Section in Black-Skinned Women
Authors: Abdus-Salam Rukiyat Adeola , Bello Folasade Adenike , Olayemi Oladapo
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to compare patients’ satisfaction and outcome of caesarean section wound closure by skin staples and subcuticular suture at discharge and 6 weeks of postoperation. It was a randomized controlled trial of pregnant women scheduled for caesarean section at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, allocating them to wound closure by skin staples or subcuticular suture. Pain was assessed using the box numeric pain scale. Scar assessments were by patient, research nurse, and independent observers using the visual analogue scale, modified patient observer scar assessment scale, and patient satisfaction scale. Operation time (minutes) was significantly shorter in the staple group, 40.26 (±16.53) compared to 47.55 (±14.55) in the suture group (P=0.025). Skin closure time (seconds) was significantly less in the staple group, 118.62 (±69.68) versus 388.70 (±170.40) in the suture group (P≤0.001). There was no difference in pain experienced, wound assessment by the participants, and patients’ satisfaction. Participants in the staple group scored higher on both scar assessment scales by the nurse (P=0.044). Cost comparison analysis showed that staple use costs significantly more than suture use (P<0.001). The perceived benefit of subcuticular suture over skin staples was not observed and participants were satisfied with both wound closure techniques.
Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis in Cows of Dharwad District
Authors: Kurjogi Mahantesh M. , Kaliwal Basappa B.
Published: October 2014

Bovine mastitis is very common in cows of both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis (SCM) varies from region to region. Hence, the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of mastitis using three diagnostic tests by considering different risk factors like age, lactation, breed, season, quarters, and herd. The results showed that surf field mastitis test (SFMT) is the most sensitive test for diagnosis of bovine mastitis, the older age and cows with later part of lactation period were more prone to bovine mastitis, and exotic breeds like Holstein freshen (HF) were more susceptible to bovine mastitis. The highest incidence of mastitis was recorded in monsoon season. The prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis was more in single and two quarters, respectively, and the rate of bovine mastitis was more in unorganized herds. The study concluded that SCM is directly associated with age, lactation period, and environmental factors of the cow and clinical mastitis is more associated with breed of the cow and environmental conditions.
Human Organic Cation Transporter 1 Protein Levels of Granulocytes Can Optimize Imatinib Therapy in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Cao Chun , Li Xianglong , Liu Ting , Zhang Li , Shen Kai , Zhu Huangling
Published: October 2014

The human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1) is the major active influx protein responsible for the transport of imatinib mesylate (IM) into cells. Previous studies have used 14C-labeled IM to demonstrate a link between chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) molecular response and hOCT1 activity. However, this method is not convenient in routine clinical practice. Hence, we detected hOCT1 protein expression levels (Choct1) of peripheral blood in CML patients and evaluated the relationship between Choct1 and IM response. A total of 83 patients who were diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive CML with IM therapy and 31 heathy donors were collected. Choct1 were detected by indirect immunofluorescent flow cytometry. The study showed that Choct1 expression was higher in healthy donors than in CML patients (n = 31, 9.11 ± 6.04; n = 35, 5.60 ± 3.74; p = 0.005). Both Choct1 and plasma IM trough concentration (Cmin, n = 83) were significantly higher in patients with major molecular response (MMR) than those without (p = 0.011; p = 0.001, respectively), and patients with Choct1 ≥4.745 and Cmin ≥1,385 ng/ml were more likely to achieve MMR. hOCT1 expression levels measured using flow cytometry is a convenient and clinically available technique. The hOCT1 expression level can be an important predictor in CML patients treated with IM. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
New Diagnostic Technique for Rapid Fluorescence Immunocytochemical Staining of Adenocarcinoma and Mesothelial Cells Using Liquid-Based Cytology
Authors: Morimoto Ayumi , Ito Akihiro , Hashimoto Katsunori , Nakano Akinobu , Nagasaka Tetsuro , Yokoi Toyoharu
Published: October 2014

Objective: To evaluate the expression of antibodies against calretinin, cytokeratin 5/6, desmin, D2-40, HBME-1, mesothelin, thrombomodulin, WT1, Ber-EP4, CEA, EMA and MOC-31 individually and to compare it with a new rapid procedure for fluorescence immunocytochemistry (ICC) using liquid-based cytology (LBC). Study Design: Sixty-four peritoneal cell specimens prepared with the LBC method were stained with these markers to evaluate their usefulness and develop a rapid fluorescence immunostaining method using Ber-EP4 that is applicable to intraoperative cancer cytodiagnosis. Results: The adenocarcinoma markers were positive in 92% of adenocarcinoma cases, 57% of cases with suspicion of adenocarcinoma, and 5% of negative cases (reactive mesothelial cells). On the other hand, the mesothelial cell markers were positive in 8-15% of adenocarcinoma cases, 43-57% of cases with suspicion of adenocarcinoma, and 93-95% of negative cases. The rapid new fluorescence ICC procedure clearly stained only the adenocarcinoma cells within 20 min. Conclusion: Immunocytochemical examination with the LBC method is a powerful ancillary technique for discriminating adenocarcinoma cells from mesothelial cells. This rapid new fluorescence ICC procedure can be used as an ancillary technique for accurate detection of adenocarcinoma cells in the intraoperative cytological examination of peritoneal or pleural washing fluid.
Impact of a Lifestyle Program on Vascular Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome Subjects: The RESOLVE Study
Authors: Vinet Agnes , Obert Philippe , Dutheil Frederic , Diagne Lamine , Chapier Robert , Lesourd Bruno , Courteix Daniel , Walther Guillaume
Published: October 2014

Context and Objective:

Impaired insulin-dependent vasodilation might contribute to microvascular dysfunction of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aims of this study were to assess the insulin vasoreactivity in MetS, and to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle program.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Outcome Measures:

Laser Doppler measurements were used to assess cutaneous blood flux (CBF) and flowmotion in response to iontophoresis of insulin and acetylcholine (ACh) in 38 MetS and 18 controls. Anthropometric, plasma insulin, glycemia, and inflammatory markers were measured. MetS subjects (n = 24) underwent a 6-month lifestyle intervention (M6) with a 3-week residential program (D21).

Results:

The absolute and relative peak insulin and ACh CBF were significantly higher in controls than in MetS subjects. Significant inverse correlations were found between peak insulin CBF and glycemia, insulin and glycated hemoglobin, active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6. With respect to flowmotion, MetS subjects showed lower values in total spectrum CBF and in all its components (except respiratory one). At D21 and M6, peak insulin CBF increased and was no longer different from control values whereas peak ACh CBF did not change. From D21, all the different components and the total CBF spectrum became similar to the control values. The changes in peak insulin CBF and in endothelial component between M6 and baseline were inversely correlated with the change in CRP and PAI-1.

Conclusions:

The local vasodilatory effects to insulin and its overall flowmotion are impaired in MetS subjects in relation to inflammation. The lifestyle intervention reversed this insulin-induced vascular dysfunction in parallel to decreased inflammation level.
IT-enabled Community Health Interventions: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future
Directions
Authors: Kharrazi Hadi , Weiner Jonathan
Published: October 2014

Rising health information technology (HIT) adoption and the increasing
interoperability of health data have propelled the role of IT in community-wide health
transformations. Disseminating the challenges and opportunities that the early adopters
of community-wide HIT interventions have experienced is critical for empowering the
growing demand for community-based health systems. This special issue of eGEMs addresses
that need. This issue includes a variety of community-based HIT projects covering topics
such as governance, informatics, and learning health systems. These projects represent a
diverse set of stakeholders, a wide selection of data sources, and multiple information
platforms to collate or exchange data. We hope that this special issue of eGEMs will be
the first of several future issues dedicated to community-wide HIT
transformations.
In the Eyes of the Beholder: Border enforcement, suspect travellers and trafficking victims
Authors: Ham Julie , Segrave Marie , Pickering Sharon
Published: October 2014

Over the past decade, the border and border policing has figured as central to identifying and responding to trafficking. This article draws on original research into immigration officers’ decision-making — both at the border and within the nation — to identify the persistent preoccupation with suspect travellers. Examining research in Australia and Thailand that spans seven years, the article brings together research that demonstrates the predominance of the binary category of victim of trafficking/unlawful migrant worker and highlights the ambiguity of daily decision-making processes that categorise women who come into contact with immigration authorities. While the policy rhetoric is based on categories and risk profiles for identifying suspected victims of trafficking or those deemed at risk, we contribute to the growing body of work that has highlighted the presence of gendered and racialised stereotypes in immigration decision-making and consider implications this may have on women’s mobility across and within borders.
Campeonato nos antigos estádios da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Authors: Mallmann Bittar Arq. Seba
Published: October 2014

O futebol é considerado o esporte mais popular no Brasil e a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, além de abrigar o estádio mais conhecido do mundo, o Maracanã, conta com mais de uma dezena de estádios menores, sedes dos clubes que disputavam o antigo campeonato carioca até a década de 1970. Este trabalho pretende abordar, principalmente, o universo dos espaços dos estádios cariocas, considerando seu partido arquitetônico, capacidade de público e sua inter-relação com o entorno imediato, determinando algumas transformações conforme o prestígio ou a importância do clube na tabela do campeonato.
First Results from Insemination With Sex-Sorted Semen in Dairy Heifers in Macedonia
Authors: Kochoski Ljupche , Filipov Zoran , Joshevski Ilcho , Ilievski Stevche , Davkov Filip
Published: October 2014

Science has been searching for a long time for a reliable method for controlling the sex of mammalian offspring. Recently, the application of specific modern cellular methodologies has led to the development of a flow cytometric system capable of differentiating and separating living X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm cells in amounts suitable for AI and therefore, commercialization of this sexing technology. The aim of this work was to present the first results of heifers that introduce bovine AI with sex sorted semen, for the first time in Macedonia. Insemination with sex sorted cryopreserved semen (2×106 spermatozoa per dose) imported from the USA was done at two dairy farms in ZK Pelagonija. In total, 74 heifers (Holstein Friesian) were inseminated. Inseminations were carried out in a timely manner following a modified OvSynch protocol. During the insemination, the sperm was deposited into the uterine horn ipsi lateral to the ovary where a follicle larger than 1.6 cm was detected by means of transrectal ultrasound examination. Pregnancy was checked by ultrasound on day 30 after the insemination. Overall, the average pregnancy rate in both farms was 43,24% (40,54% and 45,95%, for farm 1 and farm 2, respectively). All pregnant heifers delivered their calves following a normal gestation length (274,3 days in average) and of the 32 born calves, 30 (93,75%) were female. In conclusion, since the first results from inseminations with sex-sorted semen in dairy heifers in Macedonia are very promising, the introduction of this technique may bring much benefit to the local dairy sector. Average pregnancy rate seems similar with results obtained following ‘regular’ inseminations, notwithstanding the relatively low number of spermatozoa per insemination dose. Due to the latter, we however recommend inseminations only to be carried out by experienced technicians followinga TAI protocol and ultrasound examinations of the ovaries prior to insemination.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on physical performance and activity in non-western immigrants
Authors: Oosterwerff Mirjam M , Meijnen Rosa , Schoor Natasja M Van , Knol Dirk L , Kramer Mark H H , Poppel Mireille N M Van , Lips Paul , Eekhoff E Marelise W
Published: October 2014

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among non-western immigrants in The Netherlands and associated with poor physical performance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on physical performance, exercise capacity, and daily physical activity in vitamin D-deficient, overweight non-western immigrants. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D on physical performance. A total of 130 participants were included. Eligibility criteria included overweight (BMI >27 kg/m2), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤50 nmol/l, and an age range of 20–65 years. The intervention group received 1200 IU vitamin D3 daily for 4 months; the control group received placebo. Both groups received 500 mg calcium daily. Outcome measures included physical performance (physical performance score), exercise capacity (a 6-min walk test (6-MWT)), and daily physical activity (questionnaire and accelerometer). There was no significant effect on physical performance, exercise capacity, or physical activity in the intention to treat analysis. In an explorative post hoc analysis restricted to participants reaching a serum 25(OH)D concentration of >60 nmol/l after intervention, there was an improvement of 19 m in the 6-MWT compared with the control group (P=0.053). Moderate dose vitamin D supplementation did not significantly improve physical performance, exercise capacity, or physical activity. However, when 25(OH)D concentrations reached >60 nmol/l after intervention, there was a borderline significant improvement in exercise capacity. Although the clinical relevance is not clear, this is a promising result, as all participants were overweight and did not improve their overall activity levels.
Temos o dever de tolerar?
Authors: Petroni Lucas
Published: October 2014

A tolerância é uma virtude difícil de ser praticada. Contudo, sociedades democráticas dependem dessa virtude todas as vezes que conflitos morais dividem cidadãos comprometidos com concepções de vida inconciliáveis entre si. O primeiro objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo analítico da tolerância como um valor moral determinado - contra concepções instrumentais do valor. Em segundo lugar, o artigo procura demonstrar que, diferentemente do argumento liberal clássico, no qual o dever de tolerar é justificado pelo do valor da autonomia pessoal, podemos construir uma teoria da tolerância que tenha por premissa normativa a relação de reciprocidade política entre iguais em cidadania.
Práticas de trabalho no âmbito coletivo: profissionais da equipe Saúde da Família
Authors: Costa Simone de Melo , Souza Luís Paulo Souza e , Souza Thaynara Rocha de , Cerqueira Ana Luíza Neves , Botelho Bianca de Lima , Araújo Eva Patrícia Pereira de , Rodrigues Carlos Alberto Quintão
Published: October 2014

Este artigo analisou as práticas de trabalho no âmbito coletivo dos profissionais de nível superior vinculados à Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de Montes Claros (MG), Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal, quantitativo e de cunho censitário. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de um questionário autoaplicado. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico SPSS. Participaram 95 profissionais de odontologia, enfermagem e medicina. A maioria realiza educação em saúde para gestantes (86,8%), hipertensos (81,0%) e diabéticos (79,0%). Os profissionais realizam visitas domiciliares, sendo o critério mais destacado a condição de acamado (33,0%). A maioria (90,0%) destina tempo na agenda para ações administrativas, gerenciais, para reflexão em equipe e educação permanente. Concluiu-se que as práticas de trabalho na Saúde da Família incorporaram ações no âmbito coletivo, o que sugere reorientação do modelo assistencial tradicional em saúde.
Prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy and prenatal syphilis testing in Brazil: Birth in Brazil study
Authors: Domingues Rosa Maria Soares Madeira , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Souza Junior Paulo Roberto Borges , Leal Maria do Carmo
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE Determine the coverage rate of syphilis testing during prenatal care and the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil. METHODS This is a national hospital-based cohort study conducted in Brazil with 23,894 postpartum women between 2011 and 2012. Data were obtained using interviews with postpartum women, hospital records, and prenatal care cards. All postpartum women with a reactive serological test result recorded in the prenatal care card or syphilis diagnosis during hospitalization for childbirth were considered cases of syphilis in pregnancy. The Chi-square test was used for determining the disease prevalence and testing coverage rate by region of residence, self-reported skin color, maternal age, and type of prenatal and child delivery care units. RESULTS Prenatal care covered 98.7% postpartum women. Syphilis testing coverage rate was 89.1% (one test) and 41.2% (two tests), and syphilis prevalence in pregnancy was 1.02% (95%CI 0.84;1.25). A lower prenatal coverage rate was observed among women in the North region, indigenous women, those with less education, and those who received prenatal care in public health care units. A lower testing coverage rate was observed among residents in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions, among younger and non-white skin-color women, among those with lower education, and those who received prenatal care in public health care units. An increased prevalence of syphilis was observed among women with < 8 years of education (1.74%), who self-reported as black (1.8%) or mixed (1.2%), those who did not receive prenatal care (2.5%), and those attending public (1.37%) or mixed (0.93%) health care units. CONCLUSIONS The estimated prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy was similar to that reported in the last sentinel surveillance study conducted in 2006. There was an improvement in prenatal care and testing coverage rate, and the goals suggested by the World Health Organization were achieved in two regions. Regional and social inequalities in access to health care units, coupled with other gaps in health assistance, have led to the persistence of congenital syphilis as a major public health problem in Brazil.
Material and geometric nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frames
Authors: Parente Jr E. , Nogueira G. V. , Meireles Neto M. , Moreira L. S.
Published: October 2014

The analysis of reinforced concrete structures until failure requires the consideration of geometric and material nonlinearities. However, nonlinear analysis is much more complex and costly than linear analysis. In order to obtain a computationally efficient approach to nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures, this work presents the formulation of a nonlinear plane frame element. Geometric nonlinearity is considered using the co-rotational approach and material nonlinearity is included using appropriate constitutive relations for concrete and steel. The integration of stress resultants and tangent constitutive matrix is carried out by the automatic subdivision of the cross-section and the application of the Gauss quadrature in each subdivision. The formulation and computational implementation are validated using experimental results available in the literature. Excellent results were obtained.
Em busca de uma abordagem integrativa do conhecimento organizacional
Authors: Freitas Jorge Augusto de Sá Brito e , Leitão Sergio Proença
Published: October 2014

Contribuições sobre a gestão de conhecimento e a aprendizagem organizacional para uma estratégia organizacional sustentável têm suscitado interesse crescente nos últimos anos. No entanto, a corrente tradicional desses estudos e a teoria da firma baseada no conhecimento não possibilitam uma perspectiva mais ampla e integradora do problema. Este ensaio sumaria conclusões de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a importância das técnicas de compartilhamento de conhecimento tácito, sobre o papel das comunidades de prática no estímulo à transferência do conhecimento e sobre o uso da narrativa das estórias organizacionais como veículo de transferência, todas reproduzindo o enfoque dominante sobre o conhecimento organizacional. E sugere uma abordagem alternativa, integradora, a partir da biologia cognitiva e das redes de comunicação e das estruturas de significados a ela associadas.
Superfície e subterrâneos da gestão de pessoas em uma organização mineira
Authors: Saraiva Luiz Alex Silva
Published: October 2014

Em um momento em que o discurso global é enfatizado, este artigo discute as relações entre as características locais e a gestão de pessoas, tendo sido estudado o caso de uma organização brasileira. Foram entrevistados gestores e trabalhadores de uma organização brasileira mediante roteiros semi-estruturados de entrevista. Não obstante os reiterados apelos à globalização como rumo inexorável para as organizações, os resultados demonstram que a estratégia de gestão é adotada levando em conta principalmente os elementos locais. Particularmente no que se refere à gestão de pessoas, há um misto de modernização e conservadorismo, que modifica apenas secundariamente o gerenciamento da mão-de-obra, sem, contudo, alterar profundamente a disposição das relações entre empresa e empregados, um autêntico processo de modernização conservadora.
Representações femininas na mídia de negócios brasileira
Authors: Melo Marlene Catarina de Oliveira Lopes , Cappelle Mônica Carvalho Alves , Mageste Giselle de Souza , Brito Maria José Menezes
Published: October 2014

Esta pesquisa consiste em uma análise das representações femininas em duas revistas populares de grande circulação no mundo dos negócios. Foram utilizadas técnicas de análise do discurso e de crítica fotográfica mediante as quais se procurou observar as diferentes apresentações das imagens femininas nas revistas selecionadas, indo além da superficialidade da leitura casual e, com o olhar atento aos detalhes, investigando as formas mais veladas de discriminação e preconceito no mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, analisou-se a história do trabalho da mulher ao longo dos anos, as mudanças ocorridas nos papéis sociais dos gêneros e a importância da mídia na construção, desconstrução e difusão de valores sociais. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a construção de uma classificação das principais representações sociais da mulher nas revistas pesquisadas.
Batom, pó de arroz e microchips - o falso paradoxo entre as dimensões masculina e feminina nas organizações e a gestão de pessoas
Authors: Vasconcelos Isabella Freitas Gouveia de , Vasconcelos Flávio Carvalho de , Mascarenhas André Ofenhejm
Published: October 2014

Neste artigo identificamos e analisamos o falso paradoxo entre as dimensões masculina e feminina nas organizações. Segundo o paradigma da análise de gênero aplicado à teoria organizacional, mostramos que a estrutura burocrática formal é muitas vezes expressão de uma racionalidade instrumental ligada a valores masculinos, na qual a dimensão feminina relaciona-se a comportamentos vistos como irracionais e incompatíveis. Apresentamos um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa de alta tecnologia para exemplificar o confronto entre a estrutura burocrática formal e a organização informal. Mostramos como, na realidade, a tolerância com comportamentos dos atores sociais tidos como irracionais e a criação de "espaços de diferenciação" ou de "expressão identitária" são fundamentais para o funcionamento de uma estrutura de trabalho que se mostra muitas vezes rígida e despersonalizante. Ao final, sustentamos que um equilíbrio dinâmico entre as dimensões masculina e feminina nas organizações deve ser consequência de políticas de gestão da diversidade, que deve viabilizar a criação de um ambiente onde todos possam desenvolver plenamente o seu potencial individual na realização dos objetivos coletivos.
A inserção da racionalidade ético-comunicativa na práxis empresarial: possibilidades e limites
Authors: Paula Reynaldo Josué de
Published: October 2014

Este artigo discute a inserção da racionalidade ético-comunicativa na práxis empresarial como meio de mostrar, por um lado, sua existência no mundo vivido, por outro, seus limites e possibilidades no mundo empresarial sistêmico. A práxis ético-comunicativa pressupõe a existência ou a criação de um espaço público, isento de qualquer tipo de coação interna ou externa, no qual os indivíduos em interação podem livremente externar opiniões, sentimentos e descontentamentos, assim como questionar, inquirir, concordar, discordar, enfim argumentar, estabelecendo um verdadeiro diálogo. Esse fato assume relevância pois pode contribuir para a democratização das relações sociais dentro e fora das organizações, sendo, portanto, uma necessidade de caráter funcional, social e humana
Microsatellite Analysis of Perch (Perca fluviatilis) and its Genetic Authentication of Geographical Localization
Authors: Rolli Joelle , Girardet Sylvie , Monachon Cédric , Richard Christian
Published: October 2014

European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is an economically important freshwater species in Europe. In Switzerland, where the demand largely exceeds the production coming from Swiss lakes, nearly 90% of the requirements come from importation with the majority of perch originating from
Estonia and Russia. The price of perch fillet varies considerably depending on the origin. Therefore traceability in the fish food sector plays an increasingly important role for consumer protection. Currently the traceability of perch can be assessed through chemical isotopic analysis. The
180/160 isotopic abundance ratio is used as geographical traceability marker, but several aspects affect the accuracy of the method, i.e. the distinct geographical area ratio differs only very slightly with overlapping standard deviation, the need for a large amount of fish material requires
the mix of many fillets, the impossibility of analyzing processed matrix, the comparison of the ratio with the ratio of a sample of the presumed originating water makes the analyses more complicated. New application of DNA markers for the traceability of food products plays an increasingly
important role for consumer protection. Microsatellites, which are short tandemly repetitive DNA sequences, are genetic markers of choice for traceability because of their abundance and high polymorphism. Moreover, fluorescent labelling and capillary electrophoresis separation increase efficiency
and precision of genotyping microsatellites. The method can also be efficiently applied in processed food products where other methods have limited applications. In this study, we tested the efficiency of three polymorphic microsatellites and their combinations for their ability to correctly
assign or exclude 195 reference perch to their origin population. Using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods computed by the software GeneClass2, the three loci microsatellite were optimized and allowed the correct assignation of all but two Swiss perch (60/62) into Swiss population.
The markers also exclude 132/133 imported fish from the Swiss population with a match probability of more than 95%. The number of markers required for correct assignation differs from species to species, and depends on many factors such as genetic diversity and population structure. For perch
populations, the results showed that only three polymorphic microsatellite markers are required to perform a reliable attribution or exclusion of a perch to the Swiss population with more than 98% correct assignations.
Assessing the impact of travel restrictions on international spread of the 2014 West African Ebola epidemic
Authors: Poletto C , Gomes M F , Pastore y Piontti A , Rossi L , Bioglio L , Chao D L , Longini Jr I M , Halloran M E , Colizza V , Vespignani A
Published: October 2014

The quick spread of an Ebola outbreak in West Africa has led a number of countries and airline companies to issue travel bans to the affected areas. Considering data up to 31 Aug 2014, we assess the impact of the resulting traffic reductions with detailed numerical simulations of the international spread of the epidemic. Traffic reductions are shown to delay by only a few weeks the risk that the outbreak extends to new countries.
The (W)hole in the Archive
Authors: Ring Annie
Published: October 2014

This article turns its attention to the accounts that Foucault and Derrida made following their encounters with archives, and it relates these accounts to the files of the former East German secret police. Derrida and Foucault located differing qualities of authority in the archives that they consulted, yet they are shown here to converge around a problem of non-integrity in the structuration of the archive as supposed guarantor of epistemological sovereignty. A terminology of sovereign integrity dominates the Stasi's files, so that they sit in stark contrast with the literary and cinematic texts that grapple with the Stasi's legacy — texts that are beset with images of inconsistency and perforation. When read in dialogue with the poststructuralist accounts of the archive, these spy files and the cultural works that emerged after their opening enable new reflection on the ethics of visiting archives, as an act of doing justice that nonetheless risks collapsing the fragments of complex pasts into the narrative wholes of the political present.
Tackling Child Poverty Locally: Principles, Priorities and Practicalities in Challenging Times
Authors: Sinclair Stephen , McKendrick John H.
Published: October 2014

The 2010 Child Poverty Act placed new obligations to address child poverty upon each of the national governments in Britain and all of the local authorities in England and Wales. Local authorities in Scotland do not have the same legal requirement to tackle child poverty, but it is evident that their actions, in conjunction with local partners within the context of Community Planning Partnerships, will be critical to the success of the Child Poverty Strategy for Scotland introduced by the Scottish Government in 2011 . At the present time, local interventions to tackle child poverty must be enacted under particularly challenging conditions, as measures to reduce child poverty are undermined by a prolonged economic recession, fiscal austerity, reductions in UK welfare spending, and welfare reforms introduced by the UK government which appear likely to increase the number of households and children experiencing poverty. This paper examines what measures Scottish local authorities, Community Planning Partnerships and other local bodies could take to address child poverty at the local level and meet the national commitment to eradicate child poverty by 2020.
Toward An Ethics of Reciprocity: Ethnobotanical Knowledge and Medicinal Plants as Cancer Therapies
Authors: Ryan John
Published: October 2014

This article develops a reciprocity ethics of the environment through a discussion of ethnobotanical medicines used in the treatment of cancer. The moral virtue of reciprocity, defined as the returning of good when good is received or anticipated, is central to the posthumanist rethinking of human relationships to the plant world. As herbal medicines are used progressively more around the globe and as plant diversity decreases as a result of habitat loss and climate change, an ethics of reciprocity should be a concern for environmental philosophers and conservationists. Aldo Leopold’s land ethic and J. Baird Callicott’s distinction between deontological and prudential environmental ethics provide theoretical contexts for the development of a reciprocity ethics vis-à-vis ethnobotanical species. While this article does not necessarily specify modes or forms of reciprocity, it does outline some of the more prominent ethnobotanical species used in the treatment of cancer, including those from Native American, African, Chinese, and Indian traditions. In the form of a dialogue between the fields of ethnobotany, herbal medicine, and environmental philosophy, this article presents a position from which further articulations of reciprocity can be developed, particularly those involving the rights of indigenous cultures and plants.
Limites de l'appropriation des valeurs de l'entreprise comme attribut de la différenciation
Authors: Gasmi Nacer
Published: October 2014

L’apport de ce travail porte sur deux points. Le premier présente les développements théoriques des valeurs de l’entreprise comme un attribut de la différenciation, du processus de la pratique stratégique des valeurs et de ses limites. Le deuxième analyse les résultats d’une étude sur l’appropriation des valeurs du groupe Décathlon par certains de ses clients.
Quelles valeurs organisationnelles pour la génération Y ?
Authors: Dalmas Michel
Published: October 2014

Quels sont les systèmes de valeurs partagés et recherchés par les membres de la génération Y, en entreprise ? Chercher une réponse à cette question nécessite d’identifier une échelle de mesure de valeurs individuelles, transposables au monde professionnel (Mc Donald et Gandz ; 1991, 1992). 2 915 jeunes de 18 à 25 ans ont répondu à une enquête relayée par l’ANDRH au niveau d’organismes de formation professionnels, durant la deuxième moitié de l’année 2012. Cette étude empirique quantitative a donné lieu à une analyse des données de type exploratoire sous SPSS (15). Des analyses en composantes principales ont permis d’identifier quatre facteurs significatifs, exprimant 44 % de la variance totale. De la part de la génération Y, il existerait donc une attente d’encadrement et de règles claires de la part de l’entreprise, une volonté de partage d’une ambiance de qualité et du bien vivre ensemble, l’acceptation du principe de diversité dans les groupes, et l’importance de valeurs.
De Thomas d'Aquin à Luther : le renoncement à un savoir du bien commun
Authors: Bourdin Bernard
Published: October 2014

La notion de bien commun aux xiii e et xiv e siècles est inséparable de la réception chrétienne de la philosophie politique d’Aristote. En témoignent la théologie de saint Thomas d’Aquin et la pensée politique de Marsile de Padoue. Mais ces deux réceptions, l’une modérée, l’autre radicale, montrent la difficulté de conjoindre la double finalité, introduite par le christianisme, entre pouvoir temporel et pouvoir spirituel. D’une part, cette double finalité met à l’épreuve l’aspiration à l’autonomie de la communauté politique. D’autre part, la montée en puissance de cette aspiration, et aussi celle de l’individualisation du salut, met à l’épreuve la théologie comme savoir sur Dieu et sur le bien commun, ce dernier étant pensé analogiquement à la béatitude en Dieu. C’est sur ces trois défis que la méthode théologique de Luther introduit un nouveau paradigme autour de trois questions décisives : la doctrine de la justification par la foi seule, une anthropologie théologique délestée de l’aristotélisme et, comme conséquence des deux premières, un nouveau modèle des rapports entre pouvoirs temporel et spirituel. Par ce nouveau modèle, qui se fonde sur une disjonction radicale entre transcendance divine et immanence de la condition politique, la théologie de Luther renonce à un savoir du bien commun. Renoncement qui ouvre la voie à une prise en charge par la philosophie politique moderne de la finalité de la communauté politique et du statut qu’elle attribue à l’Église.
Comparative survival of commercial probiotic formulations: tests in biorelevant gastric fluids and real-time measurements using microcalorimetry
Authors: Fredua-Agyeman M. , Gaisford S.
Published: October 2014

The large number of probiotic products now available makes the decision about which product to choose difficult both for the consumer and for the specialist providing dietary/nutritional advice. Data on the viability of the bacteria in these products, in an in vivo situation, are therefore important. This study was designed to explore the comparative health and survival of probiotic species in various commercial formulations, using more realistic test systems. This might allow further understanding of factors that must be controlled to optimise the delivery of live healthy bacteria to the lower gut. A total of eight commercially available probiotic preparations were selected for enumeration tests and in vitro gastric tolerance tests. Tolerance assays were conducted in porcine gastric fluid (PGF) fed and fasted state (pH 3.4±0.04), simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH adjusted to 1.2 and 3.4) and fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF, pH adjusted to 1.6 and 3.4). Isothermal microcalorimetry was also used to measure real-time growth of probiotics after exposure to simulated gastric fluid. Results from the enumeration tests indicated that recovery of viable organisms per dose is the same as or better than the stated label claims for liquid-based formulations, but lower than the stated claim for freeze-dried products. Results from the in vitro tolerance tests overall suggest that the PGF provided a harsher environment than the simulated systems at similar pH. In general, liquid-based products tested tended to give superior results in terms of survival compared with the freeze-dried products tested. Results from tests in the fed state in PGF suggested that food greatly affects viability. Microcalorimetric data showed that for some products probiotic species were able to grow following exposure to gastric fluid, suggesting that viable bacteria reach the gut in vivo.