bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situations de guerre
Authors: Douville Olivier
Published: October 2017

Les montages identité/altérité qui caractérisent des adolescents, dans et sous la guerre, sont extrêmement rétrécis, réduits à des formes de Moi idéal, au détriment de la dette à payer à l’Idéal du moi. La condition de l’enfant et de l’adolescent soldat émerge au moment où ce qui se jouerait dans la guerre ne serait nullement l’effet d’une amplification des guerres fraternelles, mais plus précisément le moment où est réduite à rien la moindre fraternité avec l’adversaire, l’ennemi, l’autre.
Acción externa acelerada de sulfatos y cloruros en el estudio de la corrosión del acero en tracción en el hormigón armado
Authors: Silva M. A. G. , Cunha M. P. , Pinho-Ramos A. , Sena da Fonseca B. , Pinho F. F. S.
Published: October 2017

La corrosión de la armadura de acero de refuerzo puede causar una disminución de la resistencia de las estructuras de hormigón armado. Este estudio se centra en la aceleración artificial de tal corrosión examinando la degradación (i) de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón debida al sulfato de sodio en medio húmedo; y (ii) de la resistencia a flexión causada por una solución de sulfato de sodio y cloruro de sodio. Se han utilizado tres clases de hormigón y vigas con refuerzo de diferentes diámetros (6, 8, 10 mm); algunas de las vigas fueron pre-fisuradas. El hormigón con menor resistencia permitió mayor penetración de los sulfatos y la resistencia a compresión aumentó, posiblemente debido a la menor porosidad después de la contaminación. Los ensayos de flexión mostraron que la resistencia decrecía en todos los casos. Las vigas pre-fisuradas mostraron menor influencia de la porosidad. Las vigas armadas con barras de 6 mm de diámetro tuvieron mayor pérdida de resistencia..
La déesse des latrines. La légende de tradition orale de la déesse Zigu vue par les lettrés chinois
Authors: Chia‑Ping Chiu Blanche
Published: October 2017

La légende de la déesse Zigu est un mythe de tradition orale chinois qui sous-tend le culte honorant la déesse des latrines. Cette légende remonterait au moins au ve siècle, époque à laquelle elle fut collectée par un lettré pour la première fois ; le culte populaire de Zigu se pratiqua jusqu’au début du xxe siècle. La déesse dénommée Zigu véhiculait l’image d’une concubine torturée et assassinée dans les latrines à cause de la rivalité et de la haine qui sévissaient au sein du gynécée. La légende de Zigu fut diffusée dans des récits et poèmes au fil du temps, ce qui favorisa et « officialisa » la transmission orale et fit circuler les variantes (trait caractéristique du récit mythique). Caractérisé par des pratiques divinatoires, ce culte (d’abord rural) accompagné de chants et d’offrandes se déroulait autour des latrines et était pratiqué en priorité par une communauté féminine. Les incantations de la cérémonie pour faire « descendre » l’avatar de la déesse faisaient revivre le mythe. La déesse se présentait sous la forme d’une effigie fabriquée avec des ustensiles ménagers. Les pratiquants posaient des questions à la déesse et interprétaient ses oracles. Le culte s’éteignit avec la modernisation et le déplacement des latrines situées jadis à l’extérieur de l’habitation. Ce changement d’espace provoqua la disparition du culte, mais cette légende demeure encore vive dans la mémoire collective.
Le prophète et la souveraine. Utilisation des récits biographiques de figures historiques par les guérisseurs betsileo (Madagascar)
Authors: Legrip-Randriambelo Olivia
Published: October 2017

Les figures historiques betsileo, dans les Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar, renvoient à des religiosités et périodes historiques diverses, tout comme le sont les guérisseurs qui les mobilisent. Nous prendrons deux exemples ethnographiques : celui de la reine et guérisseuse Rabolobolo qui aurait régné sur le Betsileo au xixe siècle, et celui de Rainisoalambo, devin-guérisseur repenti et fondateur du mouvement de Réveil protestant en 1894. Nous analyserons ces figures qui apparaissent dans les récits de vie stéréotypés des guérisseuses « descendantes » de la reine Rabolobolo et dans ceux des exorcistes laïcs du mouvement de Réveil. Ces récits sont élaborés en miroir de ceux des personnages historiques qui se manifestent dans les étapes d’apparition du don ou les pratiques de guérison. La souffrance et le renoncement s’entrecroisent dans ces récits de vie extraordinaires.
Open Abdomen in Trauma and Critical Care
Authors: Fitzpatrick Eleanor R.
Published: October 2017

The open abdomen technique and temporary abdominal closure after damage control surgery is fast becoming the standard of care for managing intra-abdominal bleeding and infectious or ischemic processes in critically ill patients. Expansion of this technique has evolved from damage control surgery in severely injured trauma patients to use in patients with abdominal compartment syndrome due to acute pancreatitis and other disorders. Subsequent therapies after use of the open abdomen technique and temporary abdominal closure are resuscitation in the intensive care unit and planned reoperation to manage the underlying cause of bleeding, infection, or ischemia. Determining the need for this potentially lifesaving intervention and managing the wound after the open abdomen has been created are all within the realm of critical care nurses. Case studies illustrate the implementation of the open abdomen technique and patient management strategies.
Reducing Risks Associated With Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy: Strategies for Clinical Practice
Authors: Mattox Elizabeth Andersson
Published: October 2017

Negative-pressure wound therapy represents a relatively new strategy for wound management. Significant, life-threatening complications (bleeding, infection, and retained dressing material) have been associated with negative-pressure wound therapy. As a result, the Food and Drug Administration published several warnings to negative-pressure wound therapy users and recommended that clinicians ordering, managing, and/or monitoring negative-pressure wound therapy be aware of the potential complications and be prepared to take prompt action to reduce patients’ risk for harm. This article reviews and organizes published consensus, expert opinion, research, and manufacturer guidelines about patient safety during negative-pressure wound therapy relevant to nurses practicing in acute and critical care settings, including in advanced practice roles.
On a Property of Real Plane Curves of Even Degree
Authors: Reichstein Zinovy B.
Published: October 2017

F. Cukierman asked whether or not for every smooth real plane curve$X\subset \mathbb{P}^{2}$of even degree$d\geqslant 2$there exists a real line$L\subset \mathbb{P}^{2}$such$X\cap L$has no real points. We show that the answer is yes if$d=2$or 4 and no if$n\geqslant 6$.
Динамические системы с неинтегрируемыми связями: вакономная механика, субриманова геометрия и неголономная механика
Authors: Borisov Alexey Vladimirovich , Mamaev Ivan Sergeevich , Bizyaev Ivan Alekseevich
Published: October 2017

В данной работе выполнен обзор основных форм уравнений динамических систем с неинтегрируемыми связями, которые объединены в две большие группы. К первой группе относятся системы, которые возникают в вакономной механике и теории оптимального управления и для которых уравнения получены из вариационного принципа. Во вторую группу входят системы классической неголономной механики, в которой связи являются идеальными и, следовательно, справедлив принцип Даламбера-Лагранжа.
Библиография: 134 названия.
Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Jaworska Olga H. , Ertman Sławomir
Published: October 2017

Simulations of selectively filled photonic crystal fibers using finite elements method were performed. Different patterns of filling were modeled and compared to an empty and fully filled fiber. Dependence of effective refractive indices of guided modes, phase birefringence and confinement losses on guided wavelength was investigated. A comparison of width of photonic bandgaps in different structures was made. Full Text: PDF ReferencesPh. St. J. Russell, "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006) CrossRef Y. Han, S. Tan, M. K. K. Oo, D. Pristinski, S. Sukhishvili, and H. Du, "Towards Full-Length Accumulative Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Active Photonic Crystal Fibers", Adv. Mat. 22, 2647 (2010) CrossRef S. Ertman, A. H. Rodríguez, M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychłowski, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, and T. R. Woliński, "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012) CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical Analysis of the Phase Birefringence of the Photonic Crystal Fibers Selectively Filled with Liquid Crystal", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 596, 4 (2014) CrossRef Y. Wang, C. Liao, X. Zhong, Z. Li, Y. Liu, J. Zhou, and K. Yang, "Selective-fluid-filled photonic crystal fibers and applications", Proc. SPIE 8914, 89140J-1 (2013) CrossRef F. Wang, W. Yuan, O. Hansen, and O. Bang, "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibers using focused ion beam milled microchannels", Opt. Express 19, 17585 (2011) CrossRef T. Martynkien, G. Statkiewicz-Barabach, J. Olszewski et al., "Highly birefringent microstructured fibers with enhanced sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure", Opt. Express 18, 15113 (2010) CrossRef B. T. Kuhlmey, R.C. McPhedran, C. M. de Sterke, "Modal cutoff in microstructured optical fibers", Opt. Lett. 27, 1684 (2002) CrossRef
The influence of periodical, interference laser micromachining on nano-crystallization of amorphous magnetic ribbons
Authors: Ostrowski Roman , Kusiński Jan , Czyż Krzysztof , Rycyk Antoni , Sarzyński Antoni , Skrzeczanowski Wojciech , Strzelec Marek , Czyż Olaf
Published: October 2017

The main problem connected with crystallization of amorphous magnetic materials from the FeSiB(X) group is the increase of their fragility with the increasing content of crystalline phase. To overcome this defect the possibilities offered by the interference, pulse laser heating of FeSiB ribbons were utilized. A simple, interference prismatic system at the output of Nd:YAG laser (8-10 ns, 2 J, 1064 nm) was used. The investigations included the influence of laser radiation energy density, number of laser pulses and their periodical, spatial surface arrangement on the crystallization process. Full Text: PDF ReferencesY.R. Zhang and R.V. Ramanujan, "A study of the crystallization behavior of an amorphous Fe77.5Si13.5B9 alloy", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 416, 161 (2006). CrossRef T. Alam, T. Borkar, S. Joshi, S. Katakamb, X. Chenc and N.B. Dahotre, "Influence of niobium on laser de-vitrification of Fe-Si-B based amorphous magnetic alloys", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 428, 75 (2015). CrossRef K.G. Pradeep, G. Herzer, P. Choi and D. Raabe, "Atom probe tomography study of ultrahigh nanocrystallization rates in FeSiNbBCu soft magnetic amorphous alloys on rapid annealing", Acta Mater. 68, 295 (2014). CrossRef S. Katakam, J.Y. Hwang, H. Vora, S.P. Harimkar, R. Banerjee and N.B. Dahotre, "Laser-induced thermal and spatial nanocrystallization of amorphous Fe-Si-B alloy", Scr. Mater. 66, 538 (2012). CrossRef J. Kusiński, A. Sypień, G. Kusiński and C. Nilson, "Microstructure and nanochemistry of Ca-doped cobalt oxide single crystals", Mat. Chem. Phys. 81, 390 (2003). CrossRef C. Smith, S. Katakam, S. Nag, X. Chen, R.V. Ramanujan, N.B. Dahotre and R. Banerjee, "Improved soft magnetic properties by laser de-vitrification of Fe-Si-B amorphous magnetic alloys", Mater. Lett. 122, 155 (2014). CrossRef Ch. Lu and R. H. Lipson, "Interference lithography: a powerful tool for fabricating periodic structures", Laser Photonics Rev. 4, 568 (2010). CrossRef K. Czyż, J. Marczak, R. Major, A. Mzyk, A. Rycyk, A. Sarzyński and M. Strzelec, "Selected laser methods for surface structuring of biocompatible diamond-like carbon layers", Diam. Relat. Mater. 67, 26 (2016). CrossRef A. Sarzyński, J. Marczak, M. Strzelec, A. Rycyk, K. Czyż and D. Chmielewska, "Laser micro-structuring of surfaces for applications in materials and biomedical science", Proc. SPIE, 10159, 101590A (2016). CrossRef
Chromium plasmonic polarizer for high intensity light
Authors: Michalik Damian Arkadiusz , Jung Paweł S. , Klus Bartłomiej W. , Kowalik Andrzej , Rojek Anna , Laudyn Urszula A. , Karpierz Mirosław A.
Published: October 2017

In this work, we investigate a thin-film polarizer for a high intensity of the electromagnetic (EM) beam based on Cr nano wire arrays. Commonly used thin-film polarizing components are very sensitive for high power of EM waves and can be easily damaged by focused beams. The solution to this problem could be the thin-film polarizer based on metallic subwavelengths structures. This type of optical element has huge resistance comparing to typical thin-film polarizers. However, designing such an optical element for proper wavelength of EM wave and transmissions is not easy task. In this paper we present numerical as well as experimental results for specially designed chromium thin-film polarizer for wavelength 532nm Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Zhou, K. Li, C. Song, P. Hao, M. Chi, M. Yu and Y. Wu, "Polarization-independent and omnidirectional nearly perfect absorber with ultra-thin 2D subwavelength metal grating in the visible region", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef W. L. Barnes, A . Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, "Surface plasmon subwavelength optics", Nature 424, 824-830 (2003). CrossRef C. Lee, E. Sim, D. Kim, "Blazed wire-grid polarizer for plasmon-enhanced polarization extinction: design and analysis", Opt. Express 25, 7 (2017). CrossRef A. Lehmuskero, Metallic thin film structures and polarization shaping gratings (University of Eastern Finland 2010).Y. Leroux, J. C. Lacroix, C. Fave, V. Stockhausen, N. Felidj, J. Grandm, A. Hohenau, J. R. Krenn, "Active plasmonic devices with anisotropic optical response: a step toward active polarizer", Nano Lett. 5, 9 (2009). CrossRef R. T. Perkins, D. P. Hansen, E. W. Gardner, J. M. Thorne, A. A. Robbins, Broadband wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum, US 6122103 (2000). DirectLink D. M. Sullivan, Electromagnetic simulation using the FDTD method, New York: IEEE Press Series (2000). CrossRef J. P. Berenger, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) for Computational Electromagnetics, Morgan & Claypool Publishers (2007). CrossRef Yu, W., and R. Mittra, "A conformal FDTD software package modeling antennas and microstrip circuit components", IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine 42, 28 (2000) . CrossRef L. W. Bos, D. W. Lynch, "Optical Properties of Antiferromagnetic Chromium and Dilute Cr-Mn and Cr-Re Alloys", Phys. Rev. Sect. B, 2, 4267 (1970). CrossRef
Erbium doped ZBLAN fiber laser operating in the visible - feasibility study
Authors: Komorowski Paweł , Anders Krzysztof , Zdulska Urszula , Piramidowicz Ryszard
Published: October 2017

This work is focused on developing all-fiber green laser in hybrid geometry, based on combination of Er:ZBLAN active fiber and silica fiber-based passive components of optical resonator and deploying Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) as highly selective mirrors for green spectral range. The scope of work covers fundamental spectroscopic characterization of Er:ZBLAN samples, determination of key spectroscopic parameters, modelling the lasing properties and lasing experiments in different pumping geometries. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW.P. Risk, T.R. Gosnell, A.V. Nurmikko, "Compact blue-green lasers", Cambridge University Press. (2003) CrossRef J.Y. Allain, M. Monerie, and H. Poignant, "Tunable green upconversion erbium fibre laser", Electronics Lett., 28 (1992) 111-113 CrossRef Z . Luo, Q. Ruan, M. Zhong, Y. Cheng, R. Yang, B. Xu, H. Xu, Z. Cai, "Compact self-Q-switched green upconversion Er:ZBLAN all-fiber laser operating at 543.4 nm", Optics Lett. 41 (2016) 2258-2261 CrossRef D. E. McCumber, "Einstein relations connecting broadband emission and absorption spectra", Physical Review 136 (1964) 954-957 CrossRef
Fabrication of the liquid crystalline periodic waveguiding structures by means of the photo-polymerization process
Authors: Turowski Bartłomiej , Rutkowska Katarzyna Agnieszka
Published: October 2017

Photonic structures in a form of the waveguide channels, with periodic spatial changes in refractive index in the wavelength scale, are typically manufactured based on well-developed silica and gallium arsenide technology [1], as well as with use of the high-precision lithography. The main disadvantage related to practical application of such devices is that their optical properties cannot be altered after fabrication. Due to this fact, liquid crystalline periodic waveguiding structures, manufactured with use of the photo-polymerization process, have been proposed in this work. Importantly, propagational characteristic of such photonic structures can be easily adjusted during fabrication procedure, and then may be also dynamically tuned by e.g. applied external voltage, as presented in this communication. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM.J. Ablowitz, Z.H. Musslimani, "Discrete spatial solitons in a diffraction-managed nonlinear waveguide array: a unified approach", Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 184(1), 276 (2003). CrossRef L. Vicari, Optical applications of liquid crystals, CRC press, 2016. CrossRef J. Yan, S.-T. Wu, "Effect of Polymer Concentration and Composition on Blue Phase Liquid Crystals", J. Display Technol. 7, 9 (2011). CrossRef J. Schirmer et al., "Birefringence and Refractive Indices Dispersion of Different Liquid Crystalline Structures", Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. 307, 17 (1997). CrossRef D. Xu et al., "Blue phase liquid crystals stabilized by linear photo-polymerization", Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 8 (2014). CrossRef I. Dierking et al., "Stabilising liquid crystalline Blue Phases", Soft Matter 8, 4355 (2012). CrossRef K. Kang, L.C. Chien, S. Sprunt, "Polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal microgratings: a comparison of polymer network formation and electro-optic properties for mesogenic and non-mesogenic monomers", Liquid Crystals 29, 9 (2002). CrossRef K.A. Rutkowska, M. Chychłowski, U.A. Laudyn, "Polymer-stabilized periodic waveguiding structures in liquid crystalline materials", Proc. SPIE 10325 (2017). CrossRef
Viral Hepatitis in South Korea
Authors: Pak Stella C , Alastal Yaseen , Khan Zubair , Darr Umar
Published: October 2017

In South Korea (S. Korea), viral hepatitis is a major public health burden. Advances in healthcare policy, evidence-based medicine, and therapeutic strategies in S. Korea have brought a rapid change in the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of viral hepatitis. This review discusses the innovative approaches that S. Korea has taken to curb the epidemic of viral hepatitis. In addition, the efficacy of various preventive and therapeutic modalities is discussed. This review aims to provide a brief overview to guide future research direction and healthcare policy changes.

How to cite this article

Pak SC, Alastal Y, Khan Z, Darr U. Viral Hepatitis in South Korea. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):163-165.
Porcelain Gallbladder
Authors: Goel Apoorv , Gupta Shalabh , Agarwal Ayush , Bhagat Tripta S , Gupta Atul K
Published: October 2017

Porcelain gallbladder or calcified gallbladder is a rare entity and is considered as the end stage of chronic cholecystitis. This disease is rarely diagnosed preoperatively and usually mimics carcinoma gallbladder. Hereby, we present a rare and interesting case of porcelain gallbladder that was diagnosed preoperatively and managed by cholecystectomy.

How to cite this article

Goel A, Agarwal A, Gupta S, Bhagat TS, Kumar G, Gupta AK. Porcelain Gallbladder. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):181-182.
Laboratory Food Acceptance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared With Children With Typical Development
Authors: Suarez Michelle A.
Published: October 2017

Studies using parent-report measures have described the high prevalence of food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, few studies have documented food acceptance in a controlled laboratory environment. The objective of this study was to compare laboratory food acceptance in children with ASD with that of children with typical development (TD). In addition, the relationships between food acceptance and the child’s age, sensory processing pattern, and autism severity were explored. Results indicate that children with autism (n = 31) accepted fewer foods in the laboratory environment than the children with TD (n = 21) and that food acceptance was related to age but not to ASD severity. In addition, sensory processing scores were associated with food acceptance for the combined ASD and TD groups. Results are discussed in the context of the literature. This information has the potential to support evaluation and treatment of food selectivity.
Characterization of smoke/dust episode over West Africa: comparison of MERRA-2 modeling with multiwavelength Mie-Raman lidar observations
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Goloub Philippe , Podvin Thierry , Tanre Didier , da Silva Arlindo , Colarco Peter , Castellanos Patricia , Korenskiy Michael , Hu Qiaoyun , Whiteman David N. , Pérez-Ramírez Daniel , Augustin Patrick , Fourmentin Marc , Kolgotin Alexey
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Observations of multiwavelength Mie-Raman lidar taken during the SHADOW field campaign are used to analyze a smoke/dust episode over West Africa on 24–27 December 2015. For the case considered, the dust layer extended from the ground up to approximately 2000 m while the elevated smoke layer occurred in the 2500 m–4000 m range. The profiles of lidar measured backscattering, extinction coefficients and depolarization ratios are compared with the vertical distribution of aerosol parameters provided by the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). The MERRA-2 model simulated the correct location of the near–surface dust and elevated smoke layers. The values of modeled and observed extinctions at both 355 nm and 532 nm are also rather close. Good coherence between measured and modeled extinction profiles provides an opportunity to test how well the model reproduces backscattering of dust particles at different wavelengths. The comparison shows good agreement of modeled and measured backscattering coefficients at 355 nm, meaning that the modeled dust lidar ratio of 65 sr in the near-surface layer is close to the observed value. At 532 nm however, the simulated lidar ratio is lower than measurements (about 40 sr and 50 sr respectively). The reason for this disagreement could be that the assumed imaginary part of the refractive index for dust (0.0025 at 532 nm) is too low, or that the particle size distribution in the model is too much weighted toward fine mode dust. The model predicts significant concentration of dust particles inside the smoke layer. This is supported by a high depolarization ratio of 15 % observed in the center of this layer. The backscattering Ångström exponent at 355/532 nm as well as both lidar ratios have a minimum in the center of the elevated layer, which can also be explained by the presence of dust.
Near-global climate simulation at 1 km resolution: establishing a performance baseline on 4888 GPUs with COSMO 5.0
Authors: Fuhrer Oliver , Chadha Tarun , Hoefler Torsten , Kwasniewski Grzegorz , Lapillonne Xavier , Leutwyler David , Lüthi Daniel , Osuna Carlos , Schär Christoph , Schulthess Thomas C. , Vogt Hannes
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The best hope for reducing long-standing global climate model biases, is through increasing the resolution to the kilometer scale. Here we present results from an ultra-high resolution non-hydrostatic climate model for a near-global setup running on the full Piz Daint supercomputer on 4888 GPUs. The dynamical core of the model has been completely rewritten using a domain-specific language (DSL) for performance portability across different hardware architectures. Physical parameterizations and diagnostics have been ported using compiler directives. To our knowledge this represents the first complete atmospheric model being run entirely on accelerators at this scale. At a grid spacing of 930 m (1.9 km), we achieve a simulation throughput of 0.043 (0.23) simulated years per day and an energy consumption of 596 MWh per simulated year. Furthermore, we propose the new memory usage efficiency metric that considers how efficiently the memory bandwidth – the dominant bottleneck of climate codes – is being used.
Speculations on the application of foliar 13C discrimination to reveal groundwater dependency of vegetation, provide estimates of root depth and rates of groundwater use
Authors: Rumman Rizwana , Cleverly James , Nolan Rachael H. , Tarin Tonantzin , Eamus Derek
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Groundwater-dependent vegetation is globally distributed, having important ecological, social and economic value. Along with the groundwater resources upon which it depends, this vegetation is under increasing threat through excessive rates of groundwater extraction. In this study we examined one shallow-rooted and two deep-rooted tree species at multiple sites along a naturally occurring gradient in depth-to-groundwater. We measured (i) stable isotope ratios of leaves (δ13C), xylem and groundwater (δ2H and δ18O); and (ii) leaf vein density. We established that foliar discrimination of 13C (∆13C) is a reliable indicator of groundwater use by vegetation and can also be used to estimate rooting depth. Through comparison with a continental-scale assessment of foliar ∆13C, we also estimated the upper limits to annual rates of groundwater use. We conclude that maximum rooting depth for both deep-rooted species ranged between 9.4 m and 11.2 m and that annual rates of groundwater use ranged ca 1400–1700 mm for Eucalyptus camaldulensis and 600–900 mm for Corymbia opaca. Several predictions about hydraulic and leaf traits arising from the conclusion that these two species made extensive use of groundwater were supported by additional studies of these species in central Australia.
Igualdad de género en las enseñanzas no universitarias en España: Un estudio descriptivo (1999-2013)
Authors: Campos-García Irene
Published: October 2017

Desde mediados del siglo XIX, la enseñanza ha sido el sector que la mujer ha utilizado para entrar en el mercado de trabajo, produciéndose, a partir de entonces, una feminización de la profesión docente en España. Numerosos procesos políticos, socioeconómicos y culturales han permitido el acceso masivo de la mujer a la enseñanza superior y una paulatina expansión de profesoras desde la enseñanza primaria a todos los niveles del profesorado. Sin embargo, pese a los altos índices de feminización de la profesión, aún existen diferencias de género que se evidencian en la disminución de su presencia a medida que aumenta el nivel educativo y en los cargos de poder de las instituciones educativas, entre otras. Este trabajo pone el énfasis en el análisis descriptivo de la composición del profesorado según el género y su relación con los niveles y enseñanzas impartidas, la titularidad del centro, los equipos directivos, la edad, la dedicación horaria y otras variables referidas al desempeño de la profesión como la motivación o la satisfacción laboral. Se concluye que, para las Enseñanzas de Régimen General No Universitarias en el periodo 1999-2013 para el que existen datos disponibles, se encuentran diferencias por sexo significativas que permiten concretar algunas iniciativas para reducir las desigualdades de género, incrementar el número de varones en la profesión y avanzar hacia la equiparación de oportunidades en la participación femenina en los puestos de dirección. Por último, este estudio se propone como punto de partida para un trabajo empírico posterior acerca del efecto de la composición del profesorado atendiendo al género sobre los resultados académicos del alumnado.
Análisis de instrumentos sobre educación inclusiva y atención a la diversidad
Authors: Azorín Abellán Cecilia María
Published: October 2017

El propósito de este trabajo es la recopilación, descripción y comentario de instrumentos sobre atención a la diversidad y educación inclusiva. Con este fin, se presenta un estudio descriptivoque aglutina una serie de instrumentos elaborados para su cumplimentación por parte del profesorado, del alumnado y de las familias. Se ha considerado como criterio la selección de instrumentos diseñados para la recogida de información sobre atención a la diversidad y educación inclusiva en distintos escenarios y niveles escolares. Asimismo, se ha hecho uso del análisis de contenido como método de investigación y se ha utilizado la técnica de revisión documental. Los hallazgos revelan que los instrumentos dirigidos al profesorado indagan en el uso de diferentes tipos de medidas, su actitud hacia la diversidad, su opinión sobre la educación inclusiva, y su formación. Por otro lado, los instrumentos creados para recoger la voz del alumnado profundizan principalmente en las prácticas educativas que suceden en las aulas, mientras que los instrumentos ideados para las familias aluden al nivel de satisfacción respecto al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de sus hijos e hijas. En este sentido, las conclusiones indican que el colectivo discente es preguntado más bien por las prácticas educativas y climas de aula que por las actitudes hacia la inclusión, como es el caso de los docentes. Paralelamente, se propone ahondar en el estudio de los valores que emanan de las familias, y reflexionar si éstos son aspectos facilitadores o limitadores de la inclusión. Por último, se incide en la necesidad de abrir nuevas líneas de investigación que permitan a los creadores de futuros instrumentos avanzar hacia el desarrollo de prácticas más inclusivas y construir conocimiento.
El aprendizaje y la provisión de retroalimentación en la escritura académica: Creencias de estudiantes de pedagogía en inglés de universidades chilenas
Authors: Tagle Ochoa Tania , Díaz Larenas Claudio , Alarcón Hernández Paola , Ramos Leiva Lucía , Quintana Lara Marcela , Etchegaray Pezo Paulo
Published: October 2017

Este artículo deriva de una investigación que tuvo como propósito identificar las creencias sobre el aprendizaje y la retroalimentación de la escritura que poseían 58 estudiantes de pedagogía en inglés de cuatro universidades chilenas. La técnica considerada para recoger información fue una entrevista semiestructurada. Se realizó análisis de contenido de los datos recolectados con respecto a las entrevistas, codificando y categorizando la información por medio del software de análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti. Los resultados muestran que los participantes poseen creencias asociadas al aprendizaje de la escritura en la lengua inglesa que se enmarcan en la formación de hábitos, la traducción e internalización de patrones textuales. Por otro lado, los participantes consideran que la escritura debe implicar retroalimentación sobre aspectos positivos y negativos de la producción, reforzando factores afectivos de los aprendices al escribir.
Análisis y valoración de la aplicación de sistemas de gestión de la calidad ISO 9001 y su incidencia en centros educativos
Authors: Arribas Díaz Jorge Antonio , Martínez-Mediano Catalina
Published: October 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar y valorar el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad (SGC), basado en la Norma ISO 9001, incorporado en 26 centros educativos de la Fundación Escuelas Profesionales de la Sagrada Familia (SAFA), a partir de las valoraciones de sus usuarios y de los resultados que consigue en la organización y en la formación de sus alumnos. MÉTODO. Utilizando una metodología propia de la investigación evaluativa, se ha recogido información mediante las técnicas del cuestionario, la observación, las entrevistas, el análisis de la documentación (informes de auditorías y no conformidades) y del rendimiento del alumnado. Las del cuestionario cumplen con las características de validez de expertos, fiabilidad y AFE. RESULTADOS. Los análisis descriptivos y discriminantes realizados sobre la información recogida, aportan la existencia de relaciones entre la aplicación del SGC basado en ISO en los centros educativos y la mejora de su organización escolar y de sus resultados. Se puede decir que los centros en los que su profesorado considera que el SGC aporta mejoras a la organización escolar y en los resultados que consigue, son centros con mayor nivel en determinados resultados educativos.  DISCUSIÓN. La norma ISO 9001 y su SGC adaptada adecuadamente en los ámbitos educativos, consigue resultados inmediatos y perdurables en el tiempo, que contribuyen a la mejora de la educación, y aportan valor a los centros educativos. Estos resultados los hacen sustentables en la institución estudiada y aconsejable su utilización en otras organizaciones educativas.
¿Cómo emplear las rúbricas para implementar una verdadera evaluación formativa?
Authors: Fraile Juan , Pardo Rodrigo , Panadero Ernesto
Published: October 2017

La rúbrica es un instrumento de evaluación que permite transmitir las expectativas sobre una tarea a los estudiantes y que, de este modo, puedan planificar adecuadamente su trabajo y evaluar su progreso. Sin embargo, únicamente su empleo desde la perspectiva de la evaluación formativa garantiza un incremento en el aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes (Panadero y Jonsson, 2013). A pesar de que se ha popularizado su uso en los últimos años, su empleo habitual es como mero instrumento de calificación (Andrade y Valtcheva, 2009). Desde las perspectiva de la evaluación formativa y las directrices del Proceso de Bolonia, la evaluación tiene un papel clave en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (López-Pastor, 2009). En este artículo se exponen las clases de su diseño y empleo para desarrollar la capacidad de autorregulación, autoeficacia, aprendizaje y rendimiento académico, entre otros. Asimismo, se indica cómo emplear las rúbricas para calificar de manera formativa. En la conclusión, se proponen pasos para implementar este instrumento dentro de una verdadera evaluación formativa así como diversos interrogantes que plantea esta al alinear enseñanza, evaluación y calificación.
Peripheral vein detection using electrical impedance method
Authors: Al-Harosh M. B. , Shchukin S. I.
Published: October 2017

The electrical impedance method of peripheral vein detection is a novel approach, which offers the advantages of not being expensive and the capability of minimizing and reducing the difficulty of achieving intravenous access in many patients, especially pediatric and obese patients. The electrical impedance method of peripheral vein detection is based on the measurement of electrical impedance using the 4-electrode technique by applying a known alternating current of frequency 100 kHz and constant amplitude to a set of current electrodes and measuring the resulting surface potential at two separate electrodes. This paper presents the results of investigations to estimate the efficiency of this method.
Mycotoxin Crises: Fit-for-Purpose Analytical Responses in the Developing World
Authors: Shephard Gordon S
Published: October 2017

In developed market economies, control of mycotoxin exposure in the general population is achieved by legislated regulations governing maximum permitted levels. Such regulations are widely enforced to prevent outbreaks of overt mycotoxicoses. In developing countries, particularly in Africa, the situation is reversed, and individual mycotoxin exposures can be high, especially in rural communities reliant on subsistence or small-holder farming and local markets. Besides the effects of chronic mycotoxin exposure, Africa in recent years has experienced outbreaks of acute toxicity, such as aflatoxicosis. Recognizing and handling mycotoxin-induced health crises requires a range of responses, many of which rely on the provision and availability of fit-for-purpose analytical methods. Although regional laboratories may be able to provide support, rapid responses require in-field test kits reliant on antibody technologies. The future development of aptamers into test systems may be an important component of these analytical responses, as they provide important advantages in terms of stability, shelf-life, and low production costs.
Ultra-High-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography as a Separation Tool for Fusarium Mycotoxins and Their Modified Forms
Authors: De Boevre Marthe , Van Poucke Christof , Ediage Emmanuel Njumbe , Vanderputten Dana , Van Landschoot Anita , De Saeger Sarah
Published: October 2017

A simple, reliable method for the detection of free and modified Fusarium mycotoxins in beer using state-of-the-art ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) with low-resolution tandem MS (MS/MS) is presented in this paper. The UHPSFC-MS/MS method was developed for nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, T-2 toxin-3-glucoside, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol and their internal standards deepoxy-deoxynivalenol and zearalanone. Due to the broad range of the physicochemical properties of the aforementioned, the sample preparation step was minimized to avoid analyte losses. Extraction with acetonitrile–water–acetic acid (79 + 20 + 1, v/v/v) and hexane in combination with solid-phase extraction (C18) was followed by a filtration step. After filtration, the extract was evaporated, and the remaining residue was redissolved in a mobile phase for injection (methanol–water; 90 + 10, v/v). A mobile phase consisting of supercritical CO2 and a small portion of methanol was used. The developed multimycotoxin method permits the simultaneous determination of multiple fusariotoxins in an one-step chromatographic run using UHPSFC-MS/MS. SFC is a promising strategy; however, the retention mechanism is complex, leading to the unpredictable nature of elution and to some mycotoxins not being retained on the column. This restricts the applicability of UHPSFC in multimycotoxin analyses. The present study is the first report on the use of UHPSFC for the analysis of free and modified Fusarium mycotoxins.
Quantitation of Mycotoxins Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS)
Authors: Busman Mark
Published: October 2017

Ambient ionization represents a new generation of MS ion sources and is used for the rapid ionization of small molecules under ambient conditions. The combination of ambient ionization and MS allows the analysis of multiple food samples with simple or no sample treatment or in conjunction with prevailing sample preparation methods. Two ambient ionization methods, desorptive electrospray ionization (DESI) and direct analysis in real time (DART) have been adapted for food safety application. Both ionization techniques provide unique advantages and capabilities. DART has been used for a variety of qualitative and quantitative applications. In particular, mycotoxin contamination of food and feed materials has been addressed by DART-MS. Applications to mycotoxin analysis by ambient ionization MS and particularly DART-MS are summarized.
O primeiro grande movimento social brasileiro: a campanha abolicionista (1868-1888)
Authors: Brito Ênio José da Costa
Published: October 2017

Nos últimos anos, o processo de Abolição tem ocupado a agenda dos historiadores(as), um dos estudos mais amplos é o Angela Alonso, intitulado Flores, votos e balas. O movimento abolicionista Brasileiro (1868-1888). Para a autora, a contribuição do movimento abolicionista para o termino da escravidão, ainda não foi devidamente valorizado pela historiografia. Processo dividido por ela em três fases, cada uma com sua especificidade: na das flores(1868-1878), o movimento abre-se para o espaço público, na dos votos (1879-1885) atua nos espaços políticos e na das balas (1885-1888), mergulha na clandestinidade. Ao apresentar as três fases, tem sempre presente as relações entre a campanha abolicionista e o sistema político. O reflexo na análise desta acentuada perspectiva política foi ter deixando na sombra a efetividade escrava ao longo de todo o processo. Flores, votos e balas recoloca na agenda historiografia brasileira o debate sobre as causas que levaram a abolição e, implicitamente convida os leitores(as) a refletirem sobre nossos problemas atuais, que tem suas raízes na mentalidade escravocrata que permanece silenciosa mas viva na alma brasileira.
Religião, Democracia e Direitos Humanos: Presença pública inter-religiosa no fortalecimento da democracia e na defesa dos direitos humanos no Brasil
Authors: Andrade Ritz Claudia Danielle
Published: October 2017

RESENHA:

RIBEIRO, Claudio de Oliveira. Religião, Democracia e Direitos Humanos: Presença pública inter-religiosa no fortalecimento da democracia e na defesa dos direitos humanos no Brasil. São Paulo: Reflexão, 2016. 159p.

ISBN 978.85.8088.194-3
Religião e Linguagem: abordagens teóricas interdisciplinares
Authors: Tavares Dias Júlio Cesar Tavares
Published: October 2017

Resenha: 
NOGUEIRA, Paulo Agostinho de Souza (Org.). Religião e Linguagem: abordagens teóricas interdisciplinares. São Paulo: Paulus, 2015. (Coleção Sociologia e religião). 446 p 
A questão da laicidade no Brasil: mosaico de configurações e arena de controvérsias
Authors: Camurça Marcelo Ayres
Published: October 2017

Este artigo visa apresentar as relações entre as religiões e o Estado no Brasil evitando um enquadramento teleológico e normativo, onde um modelo universal sirva de paradigma. Para tal, busca construir um mosaico de configurações diferenciadas que expressam situações de laicidade desiguais, mas convivendo entre si no país. Visa então, apresentar a própria noção de laicidade, tal como foi apropriada no Brasil, enquanto um processo que envolve conflitos, negociações e acordos em marchas e contra-marchas. Isto se dá através da interação de atores sociais, sejam eles quadros religiosos da Igreja Católica, evangélicos, pentecostais e das religiões afro-brasileiras, ou setores organizados da sociedade civil (feministas, LGBTs) e agentes estatais do sistema político e jurídico. As controvérsias em que estes atores sociais religiosos e laicos estão envolvidos abrangem um conjunto de temas, que vão desde aqueles que prefiguram uma retração da religião como descriminalização do aborto, união civil de homossexuais, inclusão dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos no rol dos Direitos Humanos, até os que implicam na sua promoção como, o ensino religioso na escola pública e a presença de símbolos religiosos em repartições e fóruns estatais. Por fim, como não existe nenhuma definição normativa pré-existente do que seja laicidade, o que o texto postula é que, pelo caráter polissêmico que adquiriu no Brasil, esta noção é sempre invocada pelos segmentos em disputa - laicos e religiosos - de acordo com suas concepções e interesses próprios.
O Cristo Vivo na Civilização: Protestantismo e Espaço Público no Brasil (1930-1932).
Authors: Santos Lyndon de Araújo
Published: October 2017

Este artigo analisa o relatório oficial produzido pela 11ª. Convenção Mundial das Escolas Dominicais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 1932. O relatório traduz o universo protestante (europeu e norte-americano, latino-americano e brasileiro) do início da década de 1930, os seus discursos, as suas práticas e suas visões de mundo. Os sentidos atribuídos pelos protestantes para a ação política, a educação e a civilização são compreendidos a partir do contexto entre guerras, da crise do imperialismo europeu e da eclosão de uma guerra civil no Brasil. A realização desta convenção no Rio de Janeiro representou uma demonstração de força política dos protestantes brasileiros junto ao governo provisório de Getúlio Vargas, que havia chegado ao poder pela Revolução de 1930, reaproximando a Igreja Católica e estabelecendo outros rumos para a sociedade. Trata-se, portanto, da análise histórica de um documento a partir de um recorte temporal atravessado por múltiplas forças que reordenaram a presença protestante no espaço público, na política, na cultura, enfim, no campo religioso brasileiro.
Floor Coverings
Authors: Heisterberg‐Moutsis Gudrun , Heinz Rainer , Wolf Thomas F. , Harper Dominic J. , James David , Mazzur Richard P. , Kettler Volker , Soiné Hansgert , Peoples Robert
Published: October 2017

The article contains sections titled:

1.
Textile Fiber Floor Covering

1.1.
Fiber Production

1.1.1.
Staple Fiber

1.1.2.
Bulked Continuous Filament

1.1.3.
Polymer Selection

1.1.4.
Fiber Design

1.2.
Yarn Preparation

1.2.1.
Staple Yarn Processing

1.2.2.
Twisting, Heat‐Setting, and Intermingling

1.3.
Production of Textile Floor Coverings

1.3.1.
Flooring Types and Manufacturing Methods

1.3.2.
Carpet Constructions

1.3.3.
Coloration and Finishing

1.4.
Carpet Properties and Performance

1.4.1.
Carpet Esthetics

1.4.2.
Carpet Performance

1.4.3.
Test Methods

1.5.
Disposal and Recycling

2.
Resilient Floor Covering

2.1.
Introduction

2.2.
Linoleum

2.3.
Vinyl Flooring

2.3.1.
Raw Materials

2.3.2.
Sheet Vinyl Flooring

2.3.3.
Tile Flooring

2.4.
Rubber Tile and Sheet

2.5.
Specialty Flooring Products

3.
Laminate Flooring

3.1.
Development

3.2.
Construction

3.3.
Materials

3.4.
Production and Installation

3.5.
Testing

3.6.
Environmental Aspects
Octane Enhancers
Authors: Di Girolamo Marco , Brianti Maura , Marchionna Mario
Published: October 2017

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Technical Information2.1.Combustion in Otto Engine2.2.Knock Phenomena2.3.Octane Number3.Types of Octane Enhancers4.Metal‐Containing Additives4.1.Alkyl Lead Compounds4.2.Methylcyclopentadienylmanganese Tricarbonyl5.Ashless Octane Enhancers5.1.Heteroatom‐Based Components5.1.1.History of Fuel Oxygenates5.1.2.Properties of Oxygenates5.1.3.Production5.1.4.Toxicology5.2.Pure Hydrocarbon Components
Spirits
Authors: Watson Dennis C. , Hill Annie E.
Published: October 2017

The article contains sections titled:

1.
Introduction

2.
Types of Spirit Drinks

3.
Typical Production Processes

3.1.
Cereal‐Based Processes

3.1.1.
Malt Whisky Production

3.1.2.
Grain Whisky Production

3.2.
Pot‐Distilled Rum

3.3.
Cognac

3.4.
Baijiu

4.
World Production Figures

5.
Taxation

6.
Legislation

7.
Analysis
Systematic Evaluation of Low‐Frequency Hiss and Energetic Electron Injections
Authors: Shi Run , Li Wen , Ma Qianli , Reeves G. D. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Spence H. E. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J. F. , Claudepierre S. G.
Published: October 2017

The excitation of low‐frequency (LF) plasmaspheric hiss, over the frequency range from 20 Hz to 100 Hz, is systematically investigated by comparing the hiss wave properties with electron injections at energies from tens of keV to several hundreds of keV. Both particle and wave data from the Van Allen Probes during the period from September 2012 to June 2016 are used in the present study. Our results demonstrate that the intensity of LF hiss has a clear day‐night asymmetry, and increases with increasing geomagnetic activity, similar to the behavior of normal hiss (approximately hundred of hertz to several kilohertz). The occurrence rate of LF hiss in association with electron injections is up to 80% in the outer plasmasphere (L > 4) on the dayside, and the strong correlation extends to lower L shells for more active times. In contrast, at lower L shells (L < 3.5), LF hiss is seldom associated with electron injections. The LF hiss with Poynting flux directed away from the equator is dominant at higher magnetic latitudes and higher L shells, suggesting a local amplification of LF hiss in the outer plasmasphere. The averaged electron fluxes are larger at higher L shells, where significant LF hiss wave events are observed. Our study suggests the importance of electron injections and their drift trajectories toward the dayside plasmasphere in locally amplifying the LF hiss waves detected by the Van Allen Probes.