bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inspection and Remaining Life Assessment of Subsea Pipelines Exposed to Various Forms of Internal Corrosion Degradation Mechanisms
Authors: Tronskar Jens P. , Wui Lee Kit
Published: September 2022

Subsea pipelines are exposed to many threats and DNV RP-116 separates the threats into time dependent and independent threats. The time dependent threats include internal and external corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement & stress corrosion cracking and fatigue crack growth whereas the time independent threats apart from manufacturing and construction defects include third party interference and outside forces.

For remaining life and risk assessment and inspection planning the total risk associated with all the mentioned threats should be covered by computation of combined risk of the individual threat probabilities and the associated consequences from a safety, company reputation and business perspectives.

The paper discusses three cases of subsea pipeline remaining life assessments involving dry gas export lines, gas and condensate in field lines and flow lines, where different internal corrosion mechanisms such as CO2, Top of the Line (TOL) and micro biological corrosion (MIC) are posing the main challenges to the estimation of the remaining life, selection of inspection methods, validation of the assessment results and the overall risk assessment.

The paper shows how the different operating conditions lead to less severe, more severe and extremely severe metal loss due to mainly three different types of corrosion mechanisms. In the first case it is shown how the remaining life can easily meet the future operation and life extension target with benign operation conditions, whereas two other cases are shown not to allow life extension meeting the future needs without section or complete pipeline replacement.
Inspection and Maintenance of Ageing Concrete Oil and Gas Structures on the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: O’Malley John , Lervik Andreas , Wiley Tim , Ersdal Gerhard
Published: September 2022

Inspection and maintenance of the concrete Oil and Gas structures on the Norwegian Continental Shelf is a current focus area for owners and regulators. These ageing structures were installed between 1977 and 1995 and have been in operation in harsh environmental conditions throughout, and in some cases exceeding, their design service life. This paper results from work undertaken to describe repair methods and experience of repair works on the Norwegian Continental Shelf on ageing offshore structures. The part of this work related to inspection and maintenance of concrete structures forms the basis of this paper.

Current experience shows that several concrete structures have a backlog of anomalies requiring assessment and possible remediation due to an acceleration of degradation over their lifetime. An increased frequency and range of defects means that stakeholders are expanding their capabilities to best manage these developing challenges.

Maintenance of concrete structures demands an understanding of the degradation mechanisms, repair history, and original design requirements. A robust remediation management strategy should be followed to ensure a consistent and structured approach to all phases of the process, from inspection to documentation of remedial works.

This paper aims to provide an overview of current experience and proposes a suitable remediation management strategy framework for offshore concrete structures.
Regulatory and Class Considerations
Authors: Stacey Alex
Published: September 2022

The offshore industry is now over 50 years old in Europe, with the installation of the first platform in the North Sea in 1966, and over 80 years old in the USA with the installation in 1937 of the first platform in the Gulf of Mexico just over a mile from the shore at a depth of 13 feet. The majority of platforms have now exceeded their design lives and are considered to be ageing structures in the life-extension phase. A further consideration is that they were designed to less stringent criteria than those required of modern installations using current standards and this presents a challenge to their safe operation.
Ageing & Life Extention of Offshore Structures
Authors: Stacey Alex
Published: September 2022

The offshore industry in the North Sea and other parts of the world is a mature industry and a significant and ever-increasing proportion of the infrastructure is being operated beyond the original design life. Many structures have needed life extension because of the continued availability of reserves and the need for these structures to be hubs for subsea completions and, with the current focus on the transition to green energy, the re-purposing of platforms may result, in some cases, in the operational being extended potentially by decades.
Extreme Environmental Loading
Authors: Stacey Alex
Published: September 2022

The majority of offshore installations in the North Sea and other regions of the world can be considered to be ageing installations which have been designed to less stringent criteria than those specified in current standards. Demonstration of adequate structural integrity throughout the installation lifecycle necessitates the reassessment of the structural integrity to current requirements, including the assessment of the loading and capacity associated with extreme storm events.
Apolipoprotein E mediates cell resistance to influenza virus infection
Authors: Gao Ping , Ji Miao , Liu Xinyuan , Chen Xiaotong , Liu Hongtao , Li Shihua , Jia Baoqian , Li Chao , Ren Lili , Zhao Xin , Wang Qihui , Bi Yuhai , Tan Xu , Hou Baidong , Zhou Xuyu , Tan Wenjie , Deng Tao , Wang Jianwei , Gao George Fu , Zhang Fuping
Published: September 2022

Viruses exploit host cell machinery to support their replication. Defining the cellular proteins and processes required for a virus during infection is crucial to understanding the mechanisms of virally induced disease and designing host-directed therapeutics. Here, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9–based screening in lung epithelial cells infected with the PR/8/NS1-GFP virus and use GFP
hi
cell as a unique screening marker to identify host factors that inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We discovered that APOE affects influenza virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. Cell deficiency in APOE conferred substantially increased susceptibility to IAV; mice deficient in APOE manifested more severe lung pathology, increased virus load, and decreased survival rate. Mechanistically, lack of cell-produced APOE results in impaired cell cholesterol homeostasis, enhancing influenza virus attachment. Thus, we identified a previously unrecognized role of APOE in restraining IAV infection.
Reduced dopant-induced scattering in remote charge-transfer-doped MoS
2
field-effect transistors
Authors: Jang Juntae , Kim Jae-Keun , Shin Jiwon , Kim Jaeyoung , Baek Kyeong-Yoon , Park Jaehyoung , Park Seungmin , Kim Young Duck , Parkin Stuart S. P. , Kang Keehoon , Cho Kyungjune , Lee Takhee
Published: September 2022

Efficient doping for modulating electrical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors is essential for meeting the versatile requirements for future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Because doping of semiconductors, including TMDCs, typically involves generation of charged dopants that hinder charge transport, tackling Coulomb scattering induced by the externally introduced dopants remains a key challenge in achieving ultrahigh mobility 2D semiconductor systems. In this study, we demonstrated remote charge transfer doping by simply inserting a hexagonal boron nitride layer between MoS
2
and solution-deposited n-type dopants, benzyl viologen. A quantitative analysis of temperature-dependent charge transport in remotely doped devices supports an effective suppression of the dopant-induced scattering relative to the conventional direct doping method. Our mechanistic investigation of the remote doping method promotes the charge transfer strategy as a promising method for material-level tailoring of electrical and optoelectronic devices based on TMDCs.
Semirational bioengineering of AAV vectors with increased potency and specificity for systemic gene therapy of muscle disorders
Authors: El Andari Jihad , Renaud-Gabardos Edith , Tulalamba Warut , Weinmann Jonas , Mangin Louise , Pham Quang Hong , Hille Susanne , Bennett Antonette , Attebi Esther , Bourges Emanuele , Leborgne Christian , Guerchet Nicolas , Fakhiri Julia , Krämer Chiara , Wiedtke Ellen , McKenna Robert , Guianvarc’h Laurence , Toueille Magali , Ronzitti Giuseppe , Hebben Matthias , Mingozzi Federico , VandenDriessche Thierry , Agbandje-McKenna Mavis , Müller Oliver J. , Chuah Marinee K. , Buj-Bello Ana , Grimm Dirk
Published: September 2022

Bioengineering of viral vectors for therapeutic gene delivery is a pivotal strategy to reduce doses, facilitate manufacturing, and improve efficacy and patient safety. Here, we engineered myotropic adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors via a semirational, combinatorial approach that merges AAV capsid and peptide library screens. We first identified shuffled AAVs with increased specificity in the murine skeletal muscle, diaphragm, and heart, concurrent with liver detargeting. Next, we boosted muscle specificity by displaying a myotropic peptide on the capsid surface. In a mouse model of X-linked myotubular myopathy, the best vectors—AAVMYO2 and AAVMYO3—prolonged survival, corrected growth, restored strength, and ameliorated muscle fiber size and centronucleation. In a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, our lead capsid induced robust microdystrophin expression and improved muscle function. Our pipeline is compatible with complementary AAV genome bioengineering strategies, as demonstrated here with two promoters, and could benefit many clinical applications beyond muscle gene therapy.
Bayesian analyses of direct radiocarbon dates reveal geographic variations in the rate of rice farming dispersal in prehistoric Japan
Authors: Crema Enrico R. , Stevens Chris J. , Shoda Shinya
Published: September 2022

The adoption of rice farming during the first millennium BC was a turning point in Japanese prehistory, defining the subsequent cultural, linguistic, and genetic variation in the archipelago. Here, we use a suite of novel Bayesian techniques to estimate the regional rates of dispersal and arrival time of rice farming using radiocarbon dates on charred rice remains. Our results indicate substantial variations in the rate of dispersal of rice within the Japanese islands, hinting at the presence of a mixture of demic and cultural diffusion, geographic variations in the suitability of its cultivation, and the possible role of existing social networks in facilitating or hindering the adoption of the new subsistence economy.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Production of Hydrogen Cyanide Leads to Airborne Control of Staphylococcus aureus Growth in Biofilm and
In Vivo
Lung Environments
Authors: Létoffé Sylvie , Wu Yongzheng , Darch Sophie E. , Beloin Christophe , Whiteley Marvin , Touqui Lhousseine , Ghigo Jean-Marc
Published: September 2022

Airborne volatile compounds produced by bacteria are often only considered attractive or repulsive scents, but they also directly contribute to bacterial physiology. Here, we showed that volatile hydrogen cyanide (HCN) released by a wide range of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains controls
Staphylococcus aureus
growth in low-oxygen
in vitro
biofilms or aggregates and
in vivo
lung environments.
Multiple Mechanisms for Copper Uptake by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b in the Presence of Heterologous Methanobactin
Authors: Peng Peng , Gu Wenyu , DiSpirito Alan A. , Semrau Jeremy D.
Published: September 2022

Methanotrophs play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, as well as in future strategies for mitigating climate change through their consumption of methane, a trace atmospheric gas much more potent than carbon dioxide in global warming potential. Copper uptake is critical for methanotrophic activity, and here, we show different approaches for copper uptake.
Complete Genome Sequence of NAH7-Harboring Pseudomonas putida Strain G7
Authors: Varner Paige M. , Gunsch Claudia K.
Published: September 2022

Pseudomonas putida
G7 (111) is an aerobic bacterial species discovered in soil known to harbor the naphthalene-degrading NAH7 plasmid. Here, we report the genome sequence of G7. The genome was assembled by Nanopore sequencing and consisted of a chromosome of 6.4 Mbp with a G+C content of 62.13%.
Draft Genome Sequences of Bacillus velezensis Strains AF_3B and OS2, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain BS9, Bacillus halotolerans Strain A1, and
Bacillus
sp. Strain BS3, Producing Biosurfactants with Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: Farooq Syeda Amna , de Jong Anne , Khaliq Shazia , Kuipers Oscar P.
Published: September 2022

Five environmental
Bacillus
strains were sequenced, of which three were isolated from the rhizosphere of agricultural soil and one each from Attock Oil Refinery and Khewra Salt Mine in Pakistan. The strains can be used for plant growth promotion and biosurfactant activity brought about by secondary metabolites.
Cell Chromatography: Biocompatible Chromatographic Separation and Interrogation of Microbial Cells
Authors: Hazu M. , Ahmed A. , Curry E. , Hornby D. P. , Gjerde D. T.
Published: September 2022

This is the first report of a method for separating microbial cells using chromatography, with full retention of cell viability. Differences in the surface chemistry of microbial cells provides a means of attracting cells to immobilized microbeads.
Erratum to: Characteristics of Vacuolar Inclusions in Coelastrella rubescens Namsu R1 Green Microalgae Cells in Low- and High-Intensity Light
Authors: Zaitseva A. A. , Zaitsev P. A. , Gorelova O. A. , Bakhareva D. A. , Lobakova E. S.
Published: September 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443722330020
Getting to under 1% vertical HIV transmission: lessons from a breastfeeding cohort in South Africa
Authors: Daniels Brodie , Spooner Elizabeth , Coutsoudis Anna
Published: September 2022

We report here on the transmission of HIV in a cohort of breastfeeding infants enrolled in a prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programme at the epicentre of the HIV pandemic. South Africa implemented option B+ for PMTCT in 2015. Between 2013 and 2018, we enrolled 1219 infants born to HIV positive women into a non-inferiority trial assessing the current cotrimoxazole prophylaxis guidelines for HIV-exposed uninfected infants. Breastfeeding mothers and infants were enrolled and followed up at one of two clinics in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal, until 12 months of age. During the study period, 8 infants seroconverted (<1% transmission); these were likely four birth transmissions and four breastfeeding transmissions. It is critical in the post option B era to assess the reasons for vertical transmission of HIV to enable healthcare workers and policy makers to provide strategies to mitigate future infections. This report details the possible contributors to vertical transmission in this cohort and highlights the continued strategies that should be employed to further our goal towards reaching the elimination of mother to child HIV transmission
KT: why it should be ‘hotter’ than it is
Authors: Barwick Melanie
Published: September 2022

Knowledge translation (KT) is a science and a practice, and despite no longer being nascent, it has never achieved ‘hot’ status among STEM fields. Despite 20 years of growing international policy and research attention on reducing the evidence-practice and policy gap, KT and implementation science are not getting the attention they deserve. The ‘hot’ emerging fields are rooted in discovery, but discovery must translate into things we can understand, apply and use. Evidence-based innovations will not reach their potential unless they are accessible, and we can demonstrate how they can be implemented in real-world contexts. Academia has a longstanding laudatory focus on publication at the expense of application and impact, and shifting to a more balanced view is an uphill battle. Our academic institutions and funders, our governments and service provider organisations must put implementation at the forefront of their efforts if we are to realise optimal benefits from our innovations.
Shock-absorbing effect of flooring-adopted mechanical metamaterial technology and its influence on the gait and balance of older adults
Authors: Tatemoto Tsuyoshi , Sugiura Taiki , Kumazawa Nobuhiro , Ii Takuma , Kitamura Shin , Tanabe Shigeo , Hirayama Yosuke , Shimomura Hiroshi , Mizuno Koji , Otaka Yohei
Published: September 2022

Objective

To elucidate the performance of a shock-absorbing floor material with a mechanical metamaterial (MM-flooring) structure and its effect on the gait and balance of older adults.

Methods

The drop-weight impact was applied to evaluate the shock-absorbing performance. The falling weight was adjusted equivalent to the energy exerted on the femur of an older woman when she falls, which was evaluated on the MM-flooring and six other flooring materials.

Nineteen healthy people over the age of 65 years participated in the gait and balance evaluations. The timed up and go and two-step tests were adopted as gait performance tests, and the sway-during-quiet-balance test with force plates and the functional reach test (FRT) were adopted as balance tests. All the participants underwent these tests on the MM-flooring, shock-absorbing mat and rigid flooring.

Results

The shock-absorbing performance test revealed that MM-flooring has sufficient shock-absorbing performance, and suggesting that it may reduce the probability of fractures in the older people when they fall. The results of the gait performance test showed that the participants demonstrated the same gait performance on the MM-flooring and the rigid floor. In the quiet standing test, MM-flooring did not affect the balance function of the participants to the same extent as the rigid floor, compared with the shock-absorbing mat. In the FRT, no significant differences were found for any of the flooring conditions.

Conclusions

MM-flooring has the potential to prevent fractures attributed to falls and does not affect the gait or balance of older adults.
Efficacy of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gadot Ron , Najera Ricardo , Hirani Samad , Anand Adrish , Storch Eric , Goodman Wayne K , Shofty Ben , Sheth Sameer A
Published: September 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established and growing intervention for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TROCD). We assessed current evidence on the efficacy of DBS in alleviating OCD and comorbid depressive symptoms including newly available evidence from recent trials and a deeper risk of bias analysis than previously available. PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically queried using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We included studies reporting primary data on multiple patients who received DBS therapy with outcomes reported through the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Primary effect measures included Y-BOCS mean difference and per cent reduction as well as responder rate (≥35% Y-BOCS reduction) at last follow-up. Secondary effect measures included standardised depression scale reduction. Risk of bias assessments were performed on randomised controlled (RCTs) and non-randomised trials. Thirty-four studies from 2005 to 2021, 9 RCTs (n=97) and 25 non-RCTs (n=255), were included in systematic review and meta-analysis based on available outcome data. A random-effects model indicated a meta-analytical average 14.3 point or 47% reduction (p<0.01) in Y-BOCS scores without significant difference between RCTs and non-RCTs. At last follow-up, 66% of patients were full responders to DBS therapy. Sensitivity analyses indicated a low likelihood of small study effect bias in reported outcomes. Secondary analysis revealed a 1 standardised effect size (Hedges’ g) reduction in depressive scale symptoms. Both RCTs and non-RCTs were determined to have a predominantly low risk of bias. A strong evidence base supports DBS for TROCD in relieving both OCD and comorbid depression symptoms in appropriately selected patients.
Economic analysis of uneven-aged forest management in the southeastern United States
Authors: Susaeta Andres , Sharma Ajay , Klizentyte Kotryna , Adams Damian C.
Published: September 2022

We determine the economic revenues and optimal forest management of uneven-aged loblolly pine, longleaf pine, and slash pine forests considering timber and carbon benefits in the southeastern United States. Our results show that uneven-aged management of southern pines generates positive total revenues, with the exception of those stands managed with high residual basal areas and long cutting cycles. The uneven-aged management of pine forests is economically more attractive with loblolly pine stands than with longleaf pine or slash pine for all cutting cycles and residual basal areas; on average, loblolly pine returns $1389.60·ha−1 more than slash pine and $1500.70·ha−1 more than longleaf pine for all cutting cycles. For uneven-aged loblolly pine forests, our results suggest that landowners should experience highest profits with the shortest viable cutting cycle (10 years) and a medium-high residual basal area (11.5 m2·ha−1). For uneven-aged longleaf pine forests, landowners would be economically better off with a longer cutting cycle (20 years) and a lower residual basal area (6.9 m2·ha−1). Notably, uneven-aged management of longleaf pine and slash pine for timber production becomes unprofitable with low-medium or high residual basal areas (9.2–11.5 m2·ha−1).
Bardeen compact stars in modified f(G) gravity
Authors: Malik Adnan , Ahmad Mushtaq , Al Alwan Basem , Naeem Zahra
Published: September 2022

The goal of this work was to investigate the behavior of charge compact stars in the context of [Formula: see text] theory of gravity, which is one of the most powerful candidates responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe. The salient feature of the current research is the consideration of Bardeen’s model, which describes an exterior space–time and interprets the magnetic monopole arising from gravity collapse caused by some specific conditions of nonlinear electrodynamics. Moreover, we analyzed the structure of the star by using the solution provided by a Finch–Skea-type metric potential. All the physically necessary parameters and characteristics of relativistic spheres are displayed graphically. We further studied the energy density, pressure curves, equation-of-state parameters, anisotropy factor, energy conditions, Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, redshift functions, compactness parameters, adiabatic index, and stability analysis in detail.
Quantum teleportation and thermal entanglement of two-scattering qubit state in graphene lattices
Authors: Mhamdi H. , Jebli L. , Habiballah N. , Nassik M.
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an analytical investigation of the teleportation and the thermal entanglement of two identical qubits in the ground state of graphene lattices. The elastic interaction between the two qubits is considered as a scattering process. The modified Hamiltonian and density matrix of the system were presented. The teleportation and the entanglement of two-qubit system are analyzed through the study of the average fidelity of teleportation [Formula: see text], the concurrence [Formula: see text] and the entanglement of formation [Formula: see text]. The results depend on the temperature [Formula: see text] and also on the parameters of the system as the [Formula: see text] parameter of the interaction potential and [Formula: see text] band parameter. The study shows that the teleportation and the entanglement decrease when the temperature [Formula: see text] increases but they become all the more important as the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increase.
Active Negative Stiffness Regulation and Precision Micro-Vibration Isolation Technology Based on Composite Feedback of Acceleration and Velocity
Authors: Zhao Yamin , Cui Junning , Zou Limin , Jin Mingrui , Cui Rongxian
Published: September 2022

An active negative stiffness regulation and precision micro-vibration isolation technology (ANSVIT) based on composite feedback of acceleration and velocity is proposed to realize the low-frequency isolation of air floating isolators with heavy loads. Adjustable negative stiffness generated by acceleration feedback realizes low-frequency isolation, and absolute velocity feedback is combined to reduce the peak vibration transmissibility and improve isolation performance. The effects of feedback coefficients in the frequency domain are analyzed based on the dynamics model. And the relationship of feedback coefficients that achieves low natural frequency and lower peak vibration transmissibility than passive vibration isolation is derived to guide design. Furthermore, the effects of ANSVIT on vibrations in the low-frequency region, resonance region, and isolation region are investigated numerically in the time domain. Finally, an experimental setup is built, and experiments are conducted. Experimental results show that the introduction of ANSVIT attenuates the natural frequency by 61.54% and achieves lower peak vibration transmissibility and higher vibration level than passive vibration isolation. The promise of the proposed ANSVIT for improving the isolation performance is verified.
3D Vision Using Multiple Structured Light-Based Kinect Depth Cameras
Authors: Kamble Tanaji Umaji , Mahajan Shrinivas Padmakar
Published: September 2022

Real-time 3D scanning of a scene or object using multiple depth cameras is often required in many applications but is still a challenging task for the computer vision community, especially when the object or scene is partially occluded and dynamic. If active depth sensors are used in this case, their resulting depth map quality gets degraded due to interference between active radiations from each depth sensor. Passive 3D sensors like stereo cameras can avoid the issue of interference as they do not emit any active radiation, but they face correspondence problems. Since releasing the commodity depth sensor Microsoft Kinect, researchers are getting more interested in active depth-sensing. However, Kinect sensors have some easily noticeable limitations concerning 3D reconstruction such as: they can provide depth maps for a limited range, their field of view is restricted and holes are observed in the depth map due to occlusion. The above-mentioned limitations can be overcome if multiple Kinect sensors are used simultaneously instead of a single Kinect sensor. Still, the challenge here is to avoid interference between these sensors. We present a comprehensive review of possible solutions to avoid interference between multiple Kinect sensors. Furthermore, we introduce the Kinect technology in detail along with applications where multiple Kinect sensors are used in the literature. We expect that this paper will be helpful to the researchers who want to use multiple Kinect sensors in sharing the workplace in their research.
Dividends on Unearned Shares and Corporate Payout Policy: An Analysis of Dividend Equivalent Rights
Authors: Jia Z. Tingting , Chance Don M.
Published: September 2022

We investigate a little-known executive compensation device called dividend equivalents, which are provisions on some options and performance-based equity awards permitting executives to receive dividends on shares not owned and which they may ultimately never own. We find that up to 30% of sample firms have had this policy. While dividend equivalents may appear to exacerbate agency problems, they have a positive impact on cash holdings and help align incentives — firms with dividend equivalent policies tend to pay dividends, and firms that make dividend equivalent payments tend to pay higher dividends and keep lower excess cash.
Coupled Analysis of Acoustic Space and Thin-Plate Vibrations by a Lumped-Mass Model Using Raviart–Thomas Elements
Authors: Hisano Shotaro , Ishikawa Satoshi , Iwamoto Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Suppression of noise and vibration in machine products is an important problem, and many methods have been studied. In particular, structural–acoustic coupled effects due to the weight reduction of machines cannot be ignored. In structural–acoustic coupled analysis, the finite-element method in which the acoustic space is described by sound pressure and the structure is described by displacement is often used. However, the eigenvalue analysis in that method takes a great deal of computational time because the mass and stiffness matrices are asymmetric. Instead, in this paper, we propose an efficient coupled analysis method for a three-dimensional acoustic space and a two-dimensional thin plate using a lumped-mass model. The proposed modeling method is derived systematically using Raviart–Thomas elements. In addition, we propose a coordinate transformation method that accelerates the calculations by reducing the number of degrees of freedom (DOF). In this way, a symmetric eigenvalue problem with no extra DOF is derived. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by numerical calculations. This analysis method is particularly effective for systems in which the acoustic space contributes to the majority of the DOF, since the acoustic space is sparse owing to the adoption of edge elements.
Recent Advances in Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Cao Jing , Meng Tzee Luai , Zhang Xikui , Gong Na , Karyappa Rahul , Tan Chee Kiang Ivan , Suwardi Ady , Zhu Qiang , Liu Hongfei
Published: September 2022

Ever-increasing performance and functions of electronic systems are pushing the requirements for heat dissipation of devices at an unprecedented pace. To package individual devices (especially those working in high-power mode), research and development of thermal interface materials (TIMs) have accelerated since the beginning of this century. Thermal conduction, mechanical performance, and electrical insulation are the general specifications of interest besides their durability and reliability in developing TIMs. Mechanical performance is crucial in reducing the thermal interface resistance (TIR) between TIM and its bridged surfaces, i.e., between the device and the heat sink. To fill the gaps formed by the hard surfaces for reducing the TIR, TIMs should be “soft” enough upon external pressures. Nevertheless, depending on practical applications, the selection of TIM might release some specifications to guarantee the others. This review summarizes the latest developments of TIMs, addresses their processing methods and heat dissipation performance, highlights their remaining issues, and provides a perspective on their future development.
Two Parametricities Versus Three Universal Types
Authors: Devriese Dominique , Patrignani Marco , Piessens Frank
Published: September 2022

The formal calculus System F models the essence of polymorphism and abstract data types, features that exist in many programming languages. The calculus’ core property is parametricity: a theorem expressing the language’s abstractions and validating important principles like information hiding and modularity.

When System F is combined with features like recursive types, mutable state, continuations or exceptions, the formulation of parametricity needs to be adapted to follow suit, for example using techniques like step-indexing, Kripke world-indexing or biorthogonality. However, it is less clear how this formulation should change when System F is combined with untyped languages, gradual types, dynamic sealing and runtime type analysis (typecase) alongside type generation. Extensions of System F with these features have been proven to satisfy forms of parametricity (with Kripke worlds carrying semantic interpretations of types). However, the relative power of the modified formulations of parametricity with respect to others and the relative expressiveness of System F with and without these extensions are unknown.

In this paper, we explain that the aforementioned different settings have a common characteristic: they do not enforce or preserve the lexical scope of System F’s type variables. Formally, this results in the existence of a
universal type
(note: this is not the same as a
universally-quantified
type). We explain why standard parametricity is incompatible with such a type and how type worlds resolve this. Building on these insights, we answer two open conjectures from the literature, negatively, and we point out a deficiency in current proposals for combining System F with gradual types.
Domain-Specific Architectures: Research Problems and Promising Approaches
Authors: Krishnakumar Anish , Ogras Umit , Marculescu Radu , Kishinevsky Mike , Mudge Trevor
Published: September 2022

Process technology-driven performance and energy efficiency improvements have slowed down as we approach physical design limits. General-purpose manycore architectures attempt to circumvent this challenge, but they have a significant performance and energy-efficient gap compared to special-purpose solutions. Domain-specific architectures (DSAs), an instance of heterogeneous architectures, efficiently combine general-purpose cores and specialized hardware accelerators to boost energy efficiency and provide programming flexibility. Indeed, the hardware, software, and systems aspects in DSAs are highly tailored to maximize the energy efficiency of applications in a target domain. As DSAs and their conceptualization advance rapidly, there is a strong need to understand the research problems that need immediate attention. This article discusses the primary research directions in the design and runtime management of DSAs. Then, it surveys some promising approaches and highlights the outstanding research needs.
Toward Optimal Softcore Carry-aware Approximate Multipliers on Xilinx FPGAs
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Zahir Ali , Shah Syed Ayaz Ali , Reviriego Pedro , Ullah Anees , Ullah Nasim , Khan Adam , Ali Hazrat
Published: September 2022

Domain-specific accelerators for signal processing, image processing, and machine learning are increasingly being implemented on SRAM-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Owing to the inherent error tolerance of such applications, approximate arithmetic operations, in particular, the design of approximate multipliers, have become an important research problem. Truncation of lower bits is a widely used approximation approach; however, analyzing and limiting the effects of carry-propagation due to this approximation has not been explored in detail yet. In this article, an optimized carry-aware approximate radix-4 Booth multiplier design is presented that leverages the built-in slice look-up tables (LUTs) and carry-chain resources in a novel configuration. The proposed multiplier simplifies the computation of the upper and lower bits and provides significant benefits in terms of FPGA resource usage (LUTs saving 38.5%–42.9%), Power Delay Product (PDP saving 49.4%–53%), performance metric (LUTs × critical path delay (CPD) × PDP saving 68.9%–73.1%) and errors (70% improvement in mean relative error distance) compared to the latest state-of-the-art designs. Therefore, the proposed designs are an attractive choice to implement multiplication on FPGA-based accelerators.
Thermoplastic Starch and Graphite Biocomposite Electrode for Electrochemical Catechol Sensor
Authors: de Freitas Amanda de S. M. , Maciel Cristiane C. , Lemes Ana Paula , Ferreira Marystela
Published: September 2022

There is interest in obtaining alternative materials for application in electrochemical sensing. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was used because it is a polymer with high availability and biodegradability, which can be incorporated into graphite (Gr) forming a conductive material. This work describes the characterization of the material produced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The techniques used allowed to show a good interaction between graphite and TPS and confirmed the predicted conductive properties, showing the potential of application as a substrate, in the development of electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical characterization by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) was also carried out, which allowed defining the best proportion of graphite:TPS as the composite of 60:40 w/w. The technique of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine the catechol molecule over a range of 0.1 to 2.0 mmol l−1, showing a linear regression (R2) of 0.9996 and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values equal to 1.85 × 10−6 mol l−1 and 6.18 × 10−7 mol l−1, respectively. The results showed good precision, selectivity, and stability, proving the application as an electrochemical sensor to detect catechol (CC) in contaminated water.
A third somatomotor representation in the human cerebellum
Authors: Saadon-Grosman Noam , Angeli Peter A. , DiNicola Lauren M. , Buckner Randy L.
Published: September 2022

A third somatomotor representation exists in the vermis of the human cerebellum. Evidence for this elusive representation arises specifically from mapping the foot. Separate foot representations distinguish the third from the nearby second somatomotor representation. A third somatomotor representation in the posterior vermis supports a large-scale organization hypothesis in which the cerebellum possesses three sets of roughly homotopic representations of the full cerebrum.
Ionic and morphological contributions to the variable gain of membrane responses in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of mouse primary visual cortex
Authors: Routh Brandy N. , Brager Darrin H. , Johnston Daniel
Published: September 2022

Layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in primary visual cortex scale subthreshold voltage responses with resting membrane potential because RN increases as Vm is depolarized. Here, we uncovered the voltage-dependent contributions of NaP, Kir, and HCN conductances toward this behavior, and we additionally demonstrated that the strength of the RN/Vm relationship is inversely correlated with proximal branching along the apical dendrite.
Leg movements affect speech intensity
Authors: Serré Hélène , Dohen Marion , Fuchs Susanne , Gerber Silvain , Rochet-Capellan Amélie
Published: September 2022

The link between speech and limb motion is an interdisciplinary challenge and a core issue in motor control and language research. Our research aims to disentangle the potential biomechanical links between lower limbs and the speech apparatus, by investigating the effect of leg movements on speech acoustics.
Large-scale intramuscular electrode system for chronic electromyography and functional electrical stimulation
Authors: Holly Nicole L. , Hasse Brady A. , Gothard Katalin M. , Fuglevand Andrew J.
Published: September 2022

To understand how the central nervous system (CNS) enacts movements, it seems important to monitor the activities of the many muscles involved. Likewise, to restore complex movements to paralyzed limbs with electrical stimulation requires access to most limb muscles. Intramuscular electrodes are needed to obtain isolated recordings or stimulation of individual muscles. As such, we developed and tested the stability of large arrays of implanted intramuscular electrodes. We implanted 58 electrodes in 29 upper limb muscles in each of three macaques. Electrode connectors were protected within a skull-mounted chamber. During surgery, wires were tunneled subcutaneously to target muscles, where gold anchors were crimped onto the leads. The anchors were then deployed with an insertion device. In two monkeys, the chamber was fixed to the skull with a titanium baseplate rather than acrylic cement. In multiple sessions up to 15 wk after surgery, electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded while monkeys made the same reaching movement. EMG signals were stable, with an average (SD) coefficient of variation across sessions of 0.24 ± 0.15. In addition, at 4, 8, and 16 wk after surgery, forces to incrementing stimulus pulses were measured for each electrode. The threshold current needed to evoke a response at 16 wk was not different from that at 4 wk. Likewise, peak force evoked by 16 mA of current at 16 wk was not different from 4 wk. The stability of this system implies it could be effectively used to monitor and stimulate large numbers of muscles needed to understand the control of natural and evoked movements.

NEW AND NOTEWORTHY A new method was developed to enable long-lasting recording and stimulation of large numbers of muscles with intramuscular electrodes. Electromyographic signals and evoked force responses in 29 upper limb muscles remained stable over several months when tested in nonhuman primates. This system could be used effectively to monitor and stimulate numerous muscles needed to more fully understand the control of natural and evoked movements.
De novo motor learning of a bimanual control task over multiple days of practice
Authors: Haith Adrian M. , Yang Christopher S. , Pakpoor Jina , Kita Kahori
Published: September 2022

We examine motor learning in a novel task in which participants must use both hands to control an on-screen cursor via a nonintuitive interface. Participants gradually improved their ability to control the cursor over multiple practice sessions, but their control was worse than baseline even after 4 days. These results reveal the timescale and limitations of de novo learning—an important but understudied form of learning.
[Retracted] Automatic Music Classification Model Based on Instantaneous Frequency and CNNs in High Noise Environment
Authors: Lai Wen
Published: September 2022

Automatic music classification has significant research implications because it is the foundation for quick and efficient music resource retrieval and has a wide range of possible applications. In this study, DL is used to extract and categorize musical features, and a DL‐based model for music feature extraction and classification is created. In this study, the instantaneous frequency and short‐time Fourier transform are used to estimate the sine of a mixed music signal. Based on peak‐frequency pairs, the DL algorithm is then used to calculate multiple candidate pitch estimates for each frame, and the melody pitch sequence is then obtained in accordance with the pitch profile duration and continuity characteristics. With this approach, the pitch can be calculated without reference to the fundamental frequency component. A music feature classification approach using spectrogram as input data and CNN as classifier is proposed at the same time in light of CNN’s benefits in image processing. Studies reveal that this model’s categorization and music feature extraction accuracy is as high as 94.18 percent and 95.66 percent, respectively. The outcomes demonstrate the efficiency of this technique for the extraction and classification of musical features. The field of music information retrieval is a good fit for it.
Dynamic Prediction of Internet Financial Market Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Jia Xiaojun , Chen Shan , Li Menggang , Wang Fang
Published: September 2022

P2P lending is an important part of Internet finance, which is popular among users because of its efficiency, low cost, wide range, and ease of operation. The problem of predicting loan defaults is affected by many factors, such as the linear and nonlinear nature of the data itself and time dependence and multiple external factors, which have not been well captured in the previous work. In this paper, we propose a multiattention mechanism to capture the different effects of various time slices and various external factors on the results, introduce ARIMA and LSTM to capture the linear and nonlinear characteristics of the lending data respectively, and establish a Time Series Multiattention Prediction Model (MAT-ALSTM) based on LSTM and ARIMA. This paper uses the Lending Club dataset from the United States to prove that our model is superior to ANN, SVM, LSTM, GRU, and ARIMA models in the prediction effect of MAE, RMSE, and DA.
Safety Production Supervision of Industrial Enterprises Based on Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: September 2022

Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the continuous growth and improvement of the comprehensive strength of our national economy and the continuous improvement of our modern industrial machinery and equipment, the level of safety technology, production level, and quality management level see continuous steady improvement, resulting in the rapid economic growth of chemical industries in China in recent years. In recent years, chemicals have been widely used and demand is increasing. However, the physical properties of some chemical substances are very unstable and vary according to process conditions, making it difficult to control. At the same time, safety issues have become a major “red warning” for industrial enterprises. Various safety incidents have attracted social attention, and the chemical industry has also learned from them, sounding the safety alarm for itself and reviewing its own shortcomings, and taking improvement measures. Therefore, it is obviously necessary to always emphasize the concept of “safety first, prevention first, and comprehensive management” to prevent enterprise safety accidents. It is necessary to regularly investigate and analyze the situation of safety accidents to summarize and continuously improve. This is the most important thing for enterprises to prevent the continuous occurrence of safety accidents in a good and effective way. Regularly analyzing, summarizing, and improving safety issues are the best way to prevent accidents. Deep learning mainly relies on letting computers or other electronic devices perform iterative learning on a large number of data samples according to the rules defined by the program. The computer after learning will have the analysis ability similar to humans, but its analysis ability is limited to the range of the sample data to be learned. Artificial intelligence technology realizes an operation system that simulates human thinking through the definition of algorithms and programs. The use of deep learning and artificial intelligence in industrial enterprise safety production supervision can realize enterprise safety production supervision, early warning, and intelligent operation. Without the security of the production chain, a business cannot develop. Based on the basic theory of safety supervision and early warning in the field of enterprise safety production and related knowledge of artificial intelligence, this paper studies the work safety in the supervision and early warning mechanism abides by the selection principle of the management system, safety production indicators and indicator system, and conducts work based on the production work data of industrial plants. Reasonable safety supervision and early warning mechanism provide technical assistance for effectively controlling safety accidents in production and management measures to improve enterprise safety.