bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for safe and optimum neck dissection: a review article
Authors: Murchite Sheetal A. , Gowtham Thakut , Kadiyal Abhinandan Milind , Gaikwad Vaishali Vinayak , Tiwari Ashutosh
Published: March 2021

Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The single most important factor affecting prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma is the status of the cervical lymph nodes. Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes reduces the 5-year survival rate by 50% compared with that of patients with early-stage disease. The American cancer society reports that 40% of patients with squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity and pharynx present with regional metastases to the cervical lymph nodes. This activity presents the steps for safe and optimum neck dissection. Objectives of the study were to identify the anatomical structures in neck dissection, review the complications of head and neck surgery and summarize the importance of care coordination and to improve outcomes for patients undergoing head and neck surgery.
Notas de país sobre la situación fiscal y de la deuda pública en el Cono Sur
Authors: Feal Zubimendi Soledad , Hernaiz Daniel , Miller Sebastián , Rodrigues Bastos Fabiano , Rossi Junior José Luiz , Sánchez Gabriel , Schijman Agustina
Published: March 2021

Este documento describe la situación fiscal y de la deuda pública en los países del Cono Sur: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay. Se presta especial atención a los impactos del brote de COVID-19 a partir de los primeros meses de 2020 y a las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos para enfrentar la pandemia y sus efectos sobre la producción, el consumo y las cuentas públicas. También se consideran las perspectivas de crecimiento de los países y se hacen recomendaciones de política para cada uno de ellos.
Comparison between time-domain and spectral-domain OCT in the detection of retinal nerve fiber layer defects in glaucoma patients
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University, Kim’s Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Seoul 07301, Republic of Korea, Chung Jae Keun
Published: March 2021

AIM: To compare, using the instruments’ built-in normative databases, the sensitivities of time-domain optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT) and spectral-domain OCT (Spectralis OCT) in the detection of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects in patients with glaucoma.
METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of 35 patients with open angle glaucoma were included. A total of 69 hemiretinas with photographically identified RFNL defects were analyzed using the fast RNFL scan of Stratus OCT and the circle scan in Spectralis OCT. The OCT parameters were evaluated at 5% and 1% abnormality levels using the instruments’ built-in normative databases. The diagnostic sensitivity of each parameter was compared between the two devices.
RESULTS: The Spectralis OCT detected RNFL defects within each quadrant more frequently than the Stratus OCT at both the 5% (79.7% vs 63.8%, P=0.01) and 1% (56.5% vs 40.6%, P=0.01) abnormality levels. At the 1% abnormality level, the sensitivity was significantly higher in the standard sector of Spectralis OCT than in the clock-hour sector of the Stratus OCT (68.1% vs 39.1%, P<0.01).
Songwriter i tradycje literackie. O twórczości Adama Sikorskiego
Authors: Cybulski Marcin
Published: March 2021

Artykuł poświęcony został Adamowi Sikorskiemu jako autorowi słów do piosenek lubelskiego zespołu rockowego Budka Suflera. W tekście przedstawiony został krótki rys biograficzny bohatera artykułu, podjęto także próbę uwypuklenia cech konstytutywnych jego stylu, na które składają się: głęboka erudycja autora, jego fascynacja polskim romantyzmem i modernizmem, egzystencjalna sytuacja podmiotu lirycznego czy motyw wizji lat dziecięcych jako krainy spokoju, beztroski i ładu.
Decyma barokowych przekładów pieśni o marności świata (inc.: „Cur mundus militat sub vana gloria”). Studium źródłoznawcze
Authors: Grześkowiak Radosław
Published: March 2021

Artykuł zawiera edycję dziesięciu przekładów hymnu o inc.: „Cur mundus militat sub vana gloria”, przypisywanego Jacopone da Todi (ok. 1236-1306), które powstały w latach 1647-1747. Ich autorami są Jan Libicki (zm. 1670), Symeon z Połocka (1629-1680), Wespazjan Kochowski (1633-1700) oraz twórcy anonimowi.
Comparação entre modelos de estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência no município de Iraí/RS
Authors: Vigne Charles Kalton
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a comparação dos resultados obtidos através da utilização de seis métodos de estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência com os resultados do método FAO Penman-Monteith. Empregou-se para este estudo uma série de dados meteorológicos de 26 anos obtidos de uma estação do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia localizada no município de Iraí, localizado no norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A comparação se deu através de regressões lineares, coeficiente de correlação, índice de Willmot, índice de desempenho e erro padrão de estimativa. Todos os métodos tiveram classificação “Bom” ou “Muito Bom”. Comparados aos resultados de outros autores em outras localidades, os desempenhos apresentaram uma significativa variação, enquanto que os valores de erro padrão de estimativa mostraram-se semelhantes. O pior coeficiente de desempenho foi obtido para o método de Hamon, enquanto que o método de Hargreaves-Samani obteve os melhores resultados. Este método, embora superestime os valores de evapotranspiração de referência na área de estudo, mostra-se o mais adequado em substituição ao método FAO Penman-Monteith na ausência de dados.
Inventory, colony fluctuation, and wasp nesting social habits in IFSULDEMINAS - Machado Campus
Authors: Fortes Elenice Aparecida , Fortes Alice dos Reis , De Almeida Letícia Cruz , Fernandes Lêda Gonçalves
Published: March 2021

Social wasps offer important ecosystem resources as biological control and pollination. Many species are synanthropic, however, there are still few studies of these insects in anthropized environments. The objective of this study was to verify the richness, colony fluctuation, and preferential substrates for social wasp nesting at IFSULDEMINAS Campus Machado. Four censuses/inventories were carried out from November 2015 to June 2016, and the active collection method with an entomological net was used for wasp collection. The specimens found were assembled, identified, and deposited in the collection of the entomology laboratory of the institution. In total, 20 species of social wasps were registered, from which the genera Polybia, Polistes, and Mischocyttarus showed a greater richness of species. The number of colonies increased from November to March, decreasing in June. Mischocyttarus cassununga R. von Ihering (1903) had more abundance of colonies in all months evaluated. Broadly, the genera Mischocyttarus and Polistes presented nesting preference for the building substrate, while the genus Polybia presented preference for the vegetation substrate. Machado Campus has a diversity of environments that contributes to the establishment of social wasp colonies. Therefore, it is essential to disseminate this information and environmental education actions to the community to demonstrate the importance of these insects for the ecosystem and the need for environmental conservation to guarantee their ecosystem services.
Folha de Rosto
Authors: Agrogeoambiental Revista
Published: March 2021

Folha de Rosto
Estrés, ansiedad y factores asociados en mujeres adolescentes embarazadas y no embarazadas en Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Bonilla-Sepúlveda Óscar Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Comparar el grado de ansiedad y estrés en dos grupos poblacionales de mujeres adolescentes y su asociación con el embarazo. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico en 125 adolescentes embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital General de Medellín (Colombia) y 124 adolescentes no embarazadas estudiantes del Colegio Jorge Eliécer Gaitán de Medellín (Colombia). Las participantes respondieron la encuesta de Hamilton para ansiedad y de Holmes y Rahe para estrés psicosocial. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 17 años (rango intercuartil o RIC=2) en las embarazadas y 13.5 (RIC=2) en las estudiantes. En las embarazadas, la prevalencia de ansiedad fue del 68% y de estrés del 73.6%, mientras que en el grupo de no embarazadas la prevalencia de ansiedad fue del 64% (OR=1.2. IC95% 0.20-2.09. p=0.5) y la de estrés fue del 40% (OR=4.18; IC95% 2.37-7.41; p=<0.01). Hubo asociación entre tener una prueba positiva para ansiedad y malas relaciones familiares, consumo de alcohol e inicio de vida sexual, mientras que hubo asociación entre test positivo para estrés y ser menor de 15 años, tener malas relaciones familiares, malas relaciones de pareja, consumo de alcohol, inicio de vida sexual y familiares con enfermedad mental. Conclusiones: No hay mayor prevalencia de ansiedad en las madres adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital General de Medellín en comparación con las adolescentes no embarazadas del Colegio Jorge Eliécer Gaitán de Medellín (Colombia). Se encontró más estrés entre las adolescentes embarazadas. Se evidenciaron como factores asociados las malas relaciones familiares, el consumo de alcohol y el inicio de vida sexual, tanto para la ansiedad como para el estrés.
Argentine Concordat as an International Agreement Regulating the Law of Patronage
Authors: Osuchowska Marta Zuzanna
Published: March 2021

In the history of relations between the Argentinean government and the Holy See, two ideas are permanently intertwined: signing the Concordat and defending national patronage. The changes that occurred in the 1960s indicated that exercising the right of patronage, based on the principles outlined in the Constitution, was impossible, and the peaceful establishment of the principles of bilateral relations could only be indicated through an international agreement. The Concordat signed by Argentina in 1966 removed the national patronage, but the changes to the content of the Constitution were introduced only in 1994. The aim of the study is to show the concordat agreement concluded in 1966 by Argentina with the Holy See as an example of an international agreement. The main focus is the presentation of concordat standards for the institution of patronage. Due to the subject and purpose of the study, the work uses methods typical of social sciences in the legal science discipline. The dogmatic-legal method is the basis for consideration of the Concordat as a source of Argentine law, and as an auxiliary method, the historical-legal method was used to show the historical background of the presented issue.
Evaluation of original historical clones of hops (Humulus lupulus L.)
Authors: Nesvadba Vladimír , Charvátová Jitka , Henychová Alena , Patzak Josef
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to compare yield and technological parameters of Czech historical hop clones, which were grown in our current climatic conditions. The highest yields from the selected original hop clones were found in “Úštěcký smetaňák” (1.93 t/ha), “Dubský zeleňák” (1.80 t/ha) and “Hřebčí chmel” (1.51 t/ha), which is probably caused by a genetic difference from Saazer hop. On the contrary, a low yield of hops was recorded in “Mastýřovický” (0.50 t/ha). In terms of brewing parameters, the highest contents of valuable alpha acids were detected in Osvald’s clones no. 147 a/I (3.88% w/w), no. 86 (3.71% w/w) together with no. 114 (3.45% w/w), while the lowest level (1.05% w/w) was found in “Hřebčí chmel” and “Úštěcký smetaňák”. The highest contents of essential oils were measured in Osvald’s clone no. 147 a/I (0.77% w/w), “Žatecká populace” (0.68% w/w) and Osvald’s clone no. 126 (0.65% w/w). Vice versa, the clones “Mastýřovický” (0.35% w/w), “Hřebčí chmel” (0.35% w/w) and “Tršický” (0.31% w/w.) exhibited the lowest contents. The evaluated hops displayed a relatively balanced composition of essential oils with the exception of “Dubský zeleňák”, which has an extremely low ratio of farnesene (4.35% rel.), but also a high ratio of selinene (8.95% rel.). Osvald’s clone no. 124b and 126 is genetically identical with the variety of Fuggle. The results show that clones “Hřebčí chmel”, “Úštěcký smetaňák” and “Dubský zeleňák” are different from other clones.
Impact of the year of graduation on the positioning of nutrition professionals regarding the vegetarian diet Impacto do ano de formacilo no posicionamento dos profissionais de nutricao face a dieta vegetariana
Authors: Ambrósio Aline , Vasconcelos Letícia , Raposo Marta , Ferreira-Pêgo Cíntia
Published: March 2021

The adoption of a vegetarian diet increased over the years. In Portugal, is estimated that 1.2% of the population follows this food pattern. A cross-sectional study was carried out, including a final sample of 74 nutrition professionals to assess their position concerning the vegetarian diet (VD) according to their year of graduation (YG). The results analyses demonstrated that 23 nutrition professionals graduated between 1980 and 2009; and 51 between 2010 and 2019. There were statistically significant differences regarding the possibility of keeping a VD throughout life, since 81.1% of the participants consider it possible, most of them belonging to the group who graduated after 2009. As for supplements, 13% of the nutrition professionals who graduated until 2009 believe it possible to adhere to a VD without resorting to supplements, however, the percentage increases significantly to 39.2% in nutrition professionals trained after 2009. The percentage of nutrition professionals that approved the adherence of athletes to VD increased statistically in recent years, however, most believe this adherence is only possible with the use of supplements. Adherence to VD has increased over the past few years, however, the opinion of nutrition professionals is not unanimous regarding its safety, effectiveness in weight loss, and use of supplementation.
Herpetiform dermatitis (Clinical case)
Authors: Sousa Bruno , Tavares Nelson
Published: March 2021

A 44-year-old female teacher was referred to the Nutrition Consultation for Dermatology for a gluten-free diet. She had experienced a cluster of red and intensely itchy blisters at the cutaneous level for approximately six months. After a study by Dermatology, a herpetiform dermatitis was diagnosed. While waiting for the Nutrition Consultation, she removed the gluten from her diet and saw improvements in symptoms. Awaiting Gastroenterology Consultation.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for excess weight and diabetes: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Yang Wah , Zhu Shaihong , Cheng Zhong , Zhang Nengwei , Wu Liangping , Chen Yi , Yang Jingge , Yu Shuqing , Yang Tengfei , Ding Ding , Waggoner Jason R. , Schwiers Michael L. , Fegelman Elliott J. , Wang Cunchuan
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aims of this study were to better understand the outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in patients across multiple hospitals in China along with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the potential preoperative predictors of diabetes outcomes after RYGB. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in Chinese patients who underwent laparoscopic RYGB at five Chinese hospitals from April 2009 to December 2014 and returned for follow-up approximately one-year post-surgery. The STROCSS guideline checklist was applied. Results: In total, 130 patients underwent RYGB: 85 males and 45 females; age, 43.4 ± 11.3 years; and preoperative body mass index (BMI), 33.1 ± 9.0 kg/m2. Of those, 103 (79.2%) had T2DM duration of 6.6 ± 4.7 years and pre-RYGB HbA1c of 8.1 ± 1.9%. Among the patients with T2DM, glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) increased from 28.7% before surgery to 79.3% at 12 months post-procedure, with a concurrent reduction in the use of anti-hyperglycemic agents, including a reduction in insulin requirement from 55.4% to 27.0%. The percentage of excess weight loss was -42.8 ± 44.2%. Among 71 patients with T2DM and data about remission status, 14 (19.7%) achieved T2DM remission at 12 months post-surgery. Age and duration of T2DM were lower in the remission group, while baseline BMI and weight were higher compared with the non-remission group. Conclusion: RYGB may be effective for weight loss and T2DM control in Chinese patients, and outcomes are consistent with the literature in Western populations. Younger patients with T2DM and with a higher BMI pre-surgery and shorter duration of T2DM were more likely to achieve T2DM remission.
Prisoners’ right to vote in Uganda: Comment on Kalali Steven v Attorney General and the Electoral Commission
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: March 2021

Article 59 of the Constitution of Uganda (1995) provides for the right to vote. Although the Constitution does not prohibit prisoners from voting, the Uganda Electoral Commission has never made arrangements for prisoners to vote. On 17 June 2020, in the case of Kalali Steven v Attorney General and the Electoral Commission, the Ugandan High Court held that prisoners and Ugandans in the diaspora have a right to vote and that the Electoral Commission should put in place arrangements for them to vote. Uganda will have elections in 2021. The purpose of this article is to suggest practical ways in which the Electoral Commission can comply with the High Court judgement. It is argued, inter alia, that there is no need for legislation to be enacted or amended to give effect to the High Court judgment.
Evaluation of Cloud 3D Printing Order Task Execution Based on the AHP-TOPSIS Optimal Set Algorithm and The Baldwin Effect
Authors: ZHANG Chenglei , ZHANG Cunshan , ZHUANG Jiaojiao , HAN Hu , YUAN Bo , LIU Jiajia , ZHUANG Shenle , LI Ronglan
Published: March 2021

Focusing on service control factors, rapid changes in manufacturing environments, the difficulty of resource allocation evaluation, resource optimization for 3D printing services (3DPSs) in cloud manufacturing environments and so on, an indicator evaluation framework is proposed for the cloud 3D printing (C3DP) order task execution process based on a Pareto optimal set algorithm that is optimized and evaluated for remotely distributed 3D printing equipment resources. Combined with the multi-objective method of data normalization, an optimization model for C3DP order execution based on the Pareto optimal set algorithm is constructed with these agents' dynamic autonomy and distributed processing. This model can perform functions such as automatic matching and optimization of candidate services, and it is dynamic and reliable in the C3DP order task execution process based on the Pareto optimal set algorithm. Finally, a case study is designed to test the applicability and effectiveness of the C3DP order task execution process based on the analytic hierarchy process and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (AHP-TOPSIS) optimal set algorithm and the Baldwin effect.
Quantitative Analysis of Waiting Length and Waiting Time for Frame Construction Work Activities using a Queue Model; Focusing on Korean Apartment Construction
Authors: Kim Jin-Won , Ham Nam-Hyuk , Kim Jae-Jun
Published: March 2021

The frame construction of an apartment complex that consists of multiple buildings encounters various uncertainties, owing to the complex relationships among units of work. Currently, the period of such a construction is calculated based on the number of floors of the highest building in the complex. This study quantitatively analyzes an apartment frame construction period using a queue model and evaluates the validity of the estimated period. In this regard, a methodology is proposed for analyzing the construction period by applying the concept of a customer and a server. A case study on the duration of an apartment frame construction is conducted with Korea Land and Housing Corporation, which has supplied the largest number of apartments in South Korea. It was found that the stable state of a queue system was observed when the rate of server utilization was applied to the basement and aboveground floors. However, a stable state was not reached on the ground floor. This study includes non-working days in its calculation and quantitatively analyzes uncertainty factors during construction. Therefore, the findings can be practically utilized to quantitatively plan the durations of work units in an apartment frame construction.
COVID-19 and Health Information Seeking Behavior: Digital Health Literacy Survey Amongst University Students in Pakistan
Authors: Zakar Rubeena , Iqbal Sarosh , Zakar Muhammad Zakria , Fischer Florian
Published: March 2021

Amid to the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health literacy (DHL) has become a significant public health concern. This research aims to assess information seeking behavior, as well as the ability to find relevant information and deal with DHL among university students in Pakistan. An online-based cross-sectional survey, using a web-based interviewing technique, was conducted to collect data on DHL. Simple bivariate and multivariate linear regression was performed to assess the association of key characteristics with DHL. The results show a high DHL related to COVID-19 in 54.3% of students. Most of the Pakistani students demonstrated ~50% DHL in all dimensions, except of reliability. Multivariate findings showed that gender, sense of coherence and importance of information were found to be significantly associated with DHL. However, a negative association was observed with students’ satisfaction with information. This led to the conclusion that critical operational and navigations skills are essential to achieve COVID-19 DHL and cope with stress, particularly to promote both personal and community health. Focused interventions and strategies should be designed to enhance DHL amongst university students to combat the pandemic.
Non- and Quasi-Equilibrium Multi-Phase Field Methods Coupled with CALPHAD Database for Rapid-Solidification Microstructural Evolution in Laser Powder Bet Additive Manufacturing Condition
Authors: Nomoto Sukeharu , Segawa Masahito , Watanabe Makoto
Published: March 2021

Solidification microstructure is formed under high cooling rates and temperature gradients in powder-based additive manufacturing. In this study, a non-equilibrium multi-phase field method (MPFM), which was based on a finite interface dissipation model proposed by Steinbach et. al., coupled with a CALPHAD database was developed for a multicomponent Ni alloy. A qua-si-equilibrium MPFM was also developed for comparison. Two-dimensional equiaxed micro-structural evolution for the Ni (Bal.)–Al–Co–Cr–Mo–Ta–Ti–W–C alloy was performed at various cooling rates. The temperature–γ fraction profiles obtained under 10^5 K/s using non- and qua-si-equilibrium MPFMs were in good agreement with each other. Over 10^6 K/s, the differences between non- and quasi-equilibrium methods grew as the cooling rate increased. The non-equilibrium solidification was strengthened over a cooling rate of 10^6 K/s. Colum-nar-solidification microstructural evolution was performed under cooling rates from 5×10^5 K/s to 1×10^7 K/s at various temperature gradient values under the constant interface velocity (0.1 m/s). The results showed that as the cooling rate increased, the cell space decreased in both methods, and the non-equilibrium MPFM agreed well with experimental measurements. Our results show that the non-equilibrium MPFM can simulate solidification microstructure in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing.
Reuse of Barley Straw for Handmade Paper Production
Authors: Román Gutiérrez Alma Delia Delia , Hernandez Avila Juan , Vargas M. Antonia Karina , Cerecedo Saenz Eduardo , Salinas-Rodríguez Eleazar
Published: March 2021

Usually in the manufacture of beer by fermentation of barley, in both industrialized and developing countries significant amounts of organic solid waste are produced from barley straw. These possibly have an impact on the carbon footprint with an effect on global warming. According to this, it is important to reduce environmental impact of these solid residues, and an adequate way is the recycling using them as raw material for the elaboration of handmade paper. Therefore, it is required to manage this type of waste by analyzing the environmental impact, and thus be able to identify sustainable practices for the treatment of this food waste, evaluating its life cycle, which is a useful methodology to estimate said environmental impacts. It is because of this work shows the main results obtained using the life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology, to evaluate the possible environmental impacts during the waste treatment of a brewery located in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The residues evaluated were barley straw, malt residues and spent grain, and at the end, barley straw was selected to determine in detail its environmental impact and its reuse, the sheets analyzed presented a grammage that varies from 66 g/m2 and 143 g/m2, resistance to burst was 117 to 145 kpa, with a crystallinity of 34.4% to 37.1%.
Spaghetti Breaking Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Xiang , Dai Yuanfan , Sun Bohua
Published: March 2021

Why are pieces of spaghetti generally broken into three to ten segments instead of two as one thinks? How can one obtain the desired number of fracture segments? For these problems, in this paper a strand of spaghetti is considered an elastic rod, and the finite-element software ABAQUS is used to simulate the detailed fracture dynamics of the elastic rod. By changing the size (length and diameter) of the rod, the relevant data on the fracture limit curvature and the number of fractured segments of the elastic rod are obtained. The ABAQUS simulation results confirm the scientific judgment of B. Audoly and S. Neukirch (Fragmentation of rods by cascading cracks: Why spaghetti does not break in half. Phys Rev Lett 95: 095505). Using dimensional analysis to fit the finite-element data, two relations of the elastic rod fracture dynamics are obtained: (1) the relationship between the fracture limit curvature and the diameter, and (2) the relationship between the number of fracture segments and the diameter-length ratio. Results reveal that when the length is constant, the larger the diameter (the smaller the diameter-length ratio D/L), the smaller the limit curvature; and the larger the diameter-length ratio D/L, the fewer the number of fractured segments. The relevant formulations can be used to obtain the desired number of broken segments of spaghetti by changing the diameter-to-length ratio.
What should we know about antibacterial therapy for respiratory infections in children. The right start ensures a successful finish
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, Mosсow, Russian Federation, Nikolaeva S.V. , Usenko D.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, Mosсow, Russian Federation, Shabalina S.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, Mosсow, Russian Federation, Feklisova L.V. ,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khlypovka Yu.N. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, Mosсow, Russian Federation,   Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gorelov A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, Mosсow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Despite significant public health efforts, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are still very common among children. Most ARIs (both mono- and mixed forms that became more frequent recently) are caused by viruses. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in patients with ARIs leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance, which is a highly relevant problem now. Administration of antibiotics requires an individual approach and better knowledge of practitioners regarding the problem of antibiotic resistance. Since clinical manifestations of upper respiratory tract infections (that represent a large proportion of all ARIs in children) include both general intoxication symptoms (fever, decreased appetite, weakness, and fatigue) and local symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat increasing during swallowing, and cough) and the most common pathogens causing ARIs are viruses, local anti-inflammatory and bactericidal agents in the form of gargles or tablets for resorption are preferable. Key words: respiratory infections, children, mixed infection, Faringosept
De cuenca endorreica a exorreica: Registro neogeno-cuaternario de los paleovalles incididos en el tramo final del río Ebro (Cadenas Costeras Catalanas, Margen continental catalán, NE de Iberia)
Authors: Arasa Tuliesa Alvaro , Cabrera Lluis
Published: March 2021

La evolución de las cuencas sedimentarias endorreicas hacia la apertura de sus redes de drenaje al mar abierto es uno de los procesos geológicos de mayor interés, debido a que está relacionado con la evolución del relieve. Este relieve, a su vez, es el resultado de la estrecha interacción entre procesos tectónicos y dinámicos superficiales de erosión, transporte y sedimentación. La apertura de la red de drenaje del río Ebro al Mediterráneo ha sido objeto de un intenso debate al cual han contribuído estudios realizados tanto en las zonas actualmente emergidas como en la vecina plataforma continental. La zona del Bajo Ebro, caracterizada por la repetida incisión de los sucesivos paleovalles del Ebro, se sitúa en una zona crítica para esta evolución, entre el dominio de la cuenca del Ebro y el Mediterráneo NW. El conocimiento geológico de esta zona es significativo para la resolución de este tema. El proceso de apertura del drenaje del Ebro estuvo controlado y modulado por la convergencia de factores regionales y locales entre los que destacan: el levantamiento isostático del NE de Iberia desde el Oligoceno superior-Mioceno inferior, la estructuración extensional de las Cadenas Costeras Catalanas en la zona del tramo final del Bajo Ebro y los cambios del nivel del mar Mediterráneo desde el Mioceno a la actualidad. Entre estos últimos, cabría destacar los asociados al tránsito Serravaliense-Tortoniense inferior y a la crisis del Messiniense que reconfiguraron el antiguo drenaje del Ebro, capturado por procesos de erosión remontante.
Secondary Osseous Integration of Cementless Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty After Internal Fixation of a Felix Type IIIB Fracture
Authors: Afghanyar Yama , Kutzner Karl Philipp , Drees Philipp , Schneider Michael
Published: March 2021

Case:

A 76-year-old man presented with periprosthetic tibial plateau fracture (TPF), with a completely loosened tibial component 3 weeks after cementless unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Internal fixation by buttress plating was performed, and the tibial component was retained and left in situ primarily as a spacer. Revision was planned after fracture consolidation, but at 3 months, the patient was able to walk without support, without pain, and with full range of motion. At 1 year, he is free of complaints. The initial loosened tibial component reintegrated.

Conclusion:

Internal fixation combined with preserving the loosened tibial component may be a treatment option for TPF involving a cementless UKA.
A New Computational Fluid Dynamics Model To Optimize Sucker Rod Pump Operation and Design
Authors: Jalikop Shreyas V. , Scheichl Bernhard , Eder Stefan J. , Hönig Stefan
Published: March 2021

Artificial lift systems are widely used in oil production, of which sucker rod pumps are conceptually among the simpler ones. The reciprocating movement of the plunger triggers the opening and closing of two ball valves, allowing fluid to be pumped to the surface. Their built-in ball valves are subject to long-time erosion and fail as a consequence of this damage mechanism. Understanding the principal damage mechanisms requires a thorough examination of the fluid dynamics during the opening and closing action of these valves.

In this article, we present a fluid-structure interaction model that simultaneously computes the fluid flow in the traveling valve (TV), the standing valve (SV), and the chamber of sucker rod pumps during a full pump cycle. The simulations shed light on the causes of valve damage for standard and nonideal operating conditions of the pump. In particular, our simulations based on real pump operating envelopes reveal that the so-called “midcycle valve closure” is likely to occur. Such additional closing and opening events of the valves multiply situations in which the flow conditions are harmful to the individual pump components, leading to efficiency reduction and pump failure. This mechanism, hitherto unreported in the literature, is believed to constitute the primary cause of long-term valve damage.

Our finite element method-based computational-fluid-dynamics model can accurately describe the opening and closing cycles of the two valves. For the first time, this approach allows an analysis of real TV speed versus position plots, usually called pump cards. The effects of stroke length, plunger speed, and fluid parameters on the velocity and pressure at any point and time inside the pump can thus be investigated. Identifying the damage-critical flow parameters can help suggest measures to avoid unfavorable operating envelopes in future pump designs.

Our flow model may support field operations throughout the entire well life, ranging from improved downhole pump design to optimized pump operation or material selections. It can aid the creation of an ideal interaction between the valves, thus avoiding midcycle valve closure to drastically extend the mean time between failures of sucker rod pumps. Finally, our simulation approach will speed up new pump component development while greatly reducing the necessity for costly laboratory testing.
Poroelastoplastic Modeling of Complex Hydraulic-Fracture Development in Deep Shale Formations
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Zeng Qingdong , Yao Jun
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we propose a hydromechanical model to simulate hydraulic fracture propagation in deep shale formations. The Drucker-Prager plasticity theory, Darcy’s law, Reynolds lubrication theory, and Kirchoff’s laws are adopted to describe the plastic deformation, matrix flow, fracture flow, and wellbore flow, respectively. A global embedded cohesive zone model is constructed to achieve the free evolution of hydraulic fractures and the characterization of natural fractures. The finite element method (FEM) and finite volume method (FVM) are used for the spatial discretization of the stress field and pressure field. On the basis of Newton-Raphson iteration, fixed-stress iteration, and Picard iteration, a mixed numerical scheme is built up to solve the strong nonlinear coupling problem. The proposed model is verified against several reference cases and experimental results. Finally, some numerical cases are carried out to investigate the influences of rock properties, natural fracture distribution, and fracturing fluid properties on the complex hydraulic fracture development. The results show that rock plasticity leads to a decrease in stimulated fracture area, an increase in average fracture width, and an increase in propagation pressure. As the cluster number increases, the adverse effect of rock plasticity on multiple hydraulic fracturing in deep shale formations increases significantly. In addition, appropriate optimization of cluster spacing could weaken the adverse effect of rock plasticity on fracturing treatment to a certain extent by using the stress interference effect.
ALAD Expression and Prognostic Value in Multiple Human Cancers: A Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Chen Quan , Jiang Chao , Li Jing , Li Peiqiong , Yin Yekui , liu Qingnan , Zhao Xiaohui
Published: March 2021

Background

δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is a kind of metalloenzyme, which can catalyze δ-aminolevulinic acid to synthesize bilirubin. However, the expression level, prognostic role, biological function and mechanism of action of ALAD in a variety of human tumors are still not clear.
Methods
GEPIA Online (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn) website was used for mRNA analysis of ALAD in multiple human solid tumors. NCBI/GEO database and UALCAN website (http://ualcan.path.uab.edu) were used to analyze the ALAD mRNA expression in breast cancer and lung cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis from HPA database was used to detect the protein expression of ALAD in different human tumors. Kaplan-Meier plotter database (http://kmplot.com/analy sis/) was used to evaluate the prognostic value of ALAD expression in different human tumors. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis were used for ALAD enrichment analysis and signal pathway analysis.
Results

Analyzed by GEPIA, UALCAN online website and GEO analysis in multiple human tumors, the results showed that ALAD mRNA expression is significantly down-regulated and positively correlated with the overall survival (OS) time of different cancer patients. Besides, the expression of ALAD protein is always none or low in multiple solid tumors. In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that ALAD may play an anti-tumor role in many directions, and GSEA further found that the overexpression of ALAD is negatively correlated with cell cycle signal pathway and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway.
Conclusions

In conclusion, our study demonstrated for the first time that ALAD is downregulated in multiple human cancers and ALAD low expression is associated with worse overall survival of different cancer patients. Furthermore, we showed that ALAD low expression is associated with tumor cell cycle process and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ALAD may be a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of multiple human tumors.
Time-frequency equivalence using chirp signals for frequency response analysis
Authors: Suresh Resmi , Rengaswamy Raghunathan
Published: March 2021

Frequency response analysis (FRA) of systems is a well-researched area. For years, FRA has been performed using input signals, which are a series of sinusoids or a sum of sinusoids. This results in large experimentation time, particularly when the system has to be probed at lower frequencies. In this work, we describe a previously unknown time-frequency duality for linear systems when probed through chirp signals. We show that the entire frequency response can be extracted with a single chirp signal by extending the notion of instantaneous frequency to both the input and output signals. It is surprising that this powerful result had not been uncovered given that FRA has been used in multiple disciplines for more than hundred years. This result has the possibility of completely revolutionizing methods used for frequency response analysis. Simulation studies that support the main result are described. While this result is of relevance in multiple areas, we demonstrate the potential impact of this result in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Clinical and sociodemographic variables as risk factors for suicidal behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder: a restrospective study.
Authors: Alberdi-Paramo Iñigo , Montero-Hernández Germán , Sáiz-González María Dolores , Díaz-Marsá Marina , Carrasco-Perera José Luis
Published: March 2021

Background: Suicidal behavior (SB) is nuclear in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). It is considered a symptom clinically relevant and with an important prognostic value. The literature describes different variables related to SB in BPD such as impulsivity, aggressiveness or hopelessness. There are not hardly any studies focused on the role of sociodemographic variables and their specific relationship with SB in BPD. The objective of this work is to identify which clinical and sociodemographic parameters could act as markers of suicide risk in BPD. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study was conducted of a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD. The analysis of the association between variables was carried out with a multivariate negative binomial logistic regression model. Results: SB is related to the number of siblings with statistical significance. Likewise, a greater number of suicide attempts is significantly associated with female gender, parenthood, permanent work, sick leaves and the number of previous hospital admissions. Both the presence of SB and a greater number of suicide attempts are significantly related to history of trauma in childhood and to the score in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Conclusions: These parameters could act as risk factors for SB in BPD. The role of these variables could be the subject of further research projects in order to identify them in clinical practice.
High-quality genome assembly-based and functional analyses reveal the pathogenesis mechanisms and evolutionary landscape of wheat sharp eyespot Rhizoctonia cerealis
Authors: Lu Lin , Guo Feilong , Zhang Zhichao , Pan Lijun , Hao Yu , Zhu Xiuliang , Yu Jinfeng , Ye Wenwu , Zhang Zengyan
Published: March 2021

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important staple crops. The necrotrophic binucleate fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent for the devastating disease wheat sharp eyespot and additional diseases of other agricultural crops and bioenergy plants. In this study, we present the first high-quality genome assembly of R. cerealis Rc207, a highly aggressive strain isolated from wheat. The genome encodes expand and diverse sets of virulence-related proteins, especially secreted effectors, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), metalloproteases, Cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and secondary metabolite-associated enzymes. Many of these genes, in particular those encoding secretory proteins and CYP450, showed markedly up-regulation during infection in wheat. Of 831 candidate secretory effectors, ten up-regulated secretory proteins, such as CAZymes, metalloproteases and antigens, were functionally validated as virulence factors required for the fungal infection in wheat. Further intra-species and inter-species comparative genomics analyses showed that repeat sequences, accounting for 17.87% of the genome, are the major driving force for the genome evolution, and frequently intraspecific gene duplication contributes to expansion of pathogenicity-related gene families. This is the first genome-scale investigation elucidating the pathogenesis mechanisms and evolutionary landscape of R. cerealis. Our results provide essential tools for further development of effective disease control strategies.
Metronidazole enhances steatosis-related early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis in high fat diet-fed rats through DNA double-strand breaks and modulation of autophagy
Authors: Eguchi Ayumi , Mizukami Sayaka , Nakamura Misato , Masuda Sousuke , Murayama Hirotada , Kawashima Masashi , Inohana Mari , Nagahara Rei , Kobayashi Mio , Yamashita Risako , Uomoto Suzuka , Makino Emi , Ohtsuka Ryoichi , Takahashi Naofumi , Hayashi Shim-Mo , Maronpot Robert R , Shibutani Makoto , Yoshida Toshinori
Published: March 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a hepatic disorder with deposition of fat droplets, and has a high risk of progression to steatosis-related hepatitis and irreversible hepatic cancer. Metronidazole (MNZ) is an antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent widely used to treat patients infected with anaerobic bacteria and intestinal parasites; however, MNZ has also been shown to induce liver tumors in rodents. To investigate the effects of MNZ on steatosis-related early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis, male rats treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine following 2/3 hepatectomy at week 3 were received a control basal diet, high fat diet (HFD), or HFD containing 0.5% MNZ. The HFD induced obesity and steatosis in liver, accompanied by altered expression of Pparg and Fasn, genes related to lipid metabolism. MNZ increased nuclear translocation of lipid metabolism-related transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in hepatocytes, together with altered liver expression of lipid metabolism genes (Srebf1, Srebf2, Pnpla2). Furthermore, MNZ significantly increased the number of preneoplastic liver foci, accompanied by DNA double-strand breaks and late-stage autophagy inhibition, as reflected by increased levels of γ-H2AX, LC3, and p62. Therefore, MNZ could induce steatosis-related hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing DNA double-strand breaks and modulating autophagy in HFD-fed rats.
Assessment of Different Methods in Analyzing Motor Vehicle Emission Factors
Authors: Gao Chengkang , Na Hong-ming , Song Kaihui , Xu Qing-jiang
Published: March 2021

To explore the emission characteristics of vehicle’s pollutants is of great significance to prevent and control the diffusion of pollutants. Limited by geographic location and economic condition, the models- and guidelines-based studies on vehicle’s emission factor have become more concerned measures than the actual measurement. By analyzing the actual operating conditions of motor vehicles, this study obtain the emission factors of typical pollutants from different motor vehicles by adopting international vehicle emission (IVE) model and guideline method, respectively. Furthermore, the resulting emission factors by the above methods were compared and analyzed with on-road method. The results show that: (1) the emission factors of vehicle pollutants change regularly with velocity, emission standard and accumulated mileage. Taking CO as an example, its emission factor shows a downward trend with the increase of velocity and emission standard, and an upward trend with the increase of accumulated mileage; (2) Compared with the actual measurement, the vehicle emission factor obtained by the guideline method has a large error, while the IVE model is close to the actual.
Experience of temporary discharge from the inpatient palliative care unit: A nationwide post-bereavement survey for end-of-life cancer patients
Authors: Sekimoto Go , Aso Sakiko , Hayashi Naoko , Tamura Keiko , Yamamoto Chieko , Aoyama Maho , Morita Tatsuya , Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Tsuneto Satoru , Shima Yasuo , Miyashita Mitsunori
Published: March 2021

Background: Some patients admitted to an inpatient palliative care unit (PCU), and who were discharged temporarily to home, later died at the PCU. The experiences of these patients and their families during temporary discharge are unclear.Methods: This study was part of a nationwide post-bereavement survey, the Japan Hospice and Palliative Care Evaluation 3 study. We sent questionnaires to the bereaved relatives of cancer patients who died in a PCU in 2018.Results: Of the 968 questionnaires sent, 571 (59%) were analyzed. Sixteen percent of the patients experienced temporary discharge from the PCU. Seventy-two percent of the bereaved family reported that the patients said, “I am happy to be discharged to home.” Between 22% and 37% of the patients reported an improvement in their condition after discharge. Family caregivers’ recognition of the better quality of the patient’s life at home and hospital doctors’ assurances of re-hospitalization whenever necessary, were significantly associated with positive experiences of temporary discharge.Conclusion: Bereaved family members recognized temporary discharge as a positive experience for both the patient and the family. Appropriate home palliative care and discharge planning contribute to positive experiences after discharge.