bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência do tratamento de superfície na resistência adesiva
Authors: Cardoso Paula C. , Colle Ana Elise R. , Baratieri Luiz Narciso , Monteiro Junior Sylvio
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a resistência adesiva de reparos em compósitos, utilizando diferentes tratamentos de superfície. Quarenta corpos de prova de resina composta (Filtek Supreme, 3M-Espe) foram envelhecidos artificialmente e divididos em quatro grupos (n=10): Grupo 1 (controle) - resina composta+ sistema adesivo + resina composta; Grupo 2 – resina composta + ranhuras com ponta diamantada grossa (nº 2135 – KG Sorensen) + sistema adesivo + resina composta; Grupo 3 - resina composta + orifícios com ponta diamantada grossa (nº 1031 – KG Sorensen) + sistema adesivo + resina composta; Grupo 4 - resina composta + jateamento com óxido de alumínio + sistema adesivo + resina composta. Após a realização dos tratamentos superficiais, foi aplicado o adesivo conforme as instruções do fabricante e confeccionado um cilindro de resina composta com auxílio de uma matriz de Teflon (2,1mm de diâmetro). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a ciclagem térmica e em seguida armazenados por 24 horas a 37ºC. O teste de cisalhamento foi realizado na máquina Instron com velocidade de 1 mm/min. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e Tukey.(5%)Resultados: Os valores médios em MPa (±DP) foram: G1 - 14,7 (±5,0)B; G2 - 24,1 (±5,4)A; G3 - 15,61 (±3,24)B; G4 - 17,99 (±9,03)A,B. ANOVA mostrou diferença significante entre os grupos analisados (0,0059), apresentando o grupo 2 os maiores valores de resistência de união ao cisalhamento. Concluiu-se que as ranhuras realizadas como tratamento superficial em resina composta nanoparticulada aumentou a resistência de união ao cisalhamento.
Surface roughness of glazed feldspar, alumina, and zirconia-based ceramics
Authors: Kantorski Karla Z. , Valandro Luiz Felipe , Scotti Roberto , Bona Álvaro D. , Bottino Marco Antonio
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the mean surface roughness (Ra) of feldspar-, alumina-, and zirconia-based ceramics, testing the hypothesis that the feldspathic ceramics have lower average surface roughness (Ra) than the ceramics used for infrastructure. Eight disk specimens (5mm in diameter; 2mm in thickness) of each ceramic material were fabricated according to the manufacturer’s specifi cations: V7-feldspathic veneer ceramic (Vita VM7); VA-feldspathic veneer ceramic (Vitadur-α); IA-slip casted, glass-infi ltrated alumina-based ceramic (Vita In-Ceram Alumina); IZS-slip casted, glass-infi ltrated zirconia-reinforced alumina-based ceramic (Vita In-Ceram Zirconia); IZB-dry-pressed block ofglass-infi ltrated zirconia-reinforced alumina-based ceramic (Vita In-Ceram Zirconia 2000 for Cerec InLab). All materials were glazed as recommended by the manufacturer. Four Ra readings (Mitutoyo SJ 400) per specimen were performed, averaging the value per specimen (n=8). Ra values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). V7 showed the lowest mean Ra value (0.43±0.07 μm) compared to the other ceramics. There were no statistical differences between the mean Ra values of VA (0.94±0.2 μm), IA (0.7±0.13 μm), IZS (0.98±0.3 μm) and IZB (0.75±0.4 μm). The testing hypothesis was partially accepted. V7 showed a smoother ceramic surface than the VA. There were no statistically differences between the mean Ra value of the high crystalline content ceramics (IA, IZS, IZB).
Biocompatibility of anionic collagen matrices and its influence on the orientation of cellular growth.
Authors: Buchaim Rogério L. , Goissis Gilberto , Andreo Jesus Carlos , Roque Domingos D. , Roque José S. , Buchaim Daniela V. , Rodrigues Antonio C.
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to analyze the biocompatibility of anionic collagen matrices, the local bone response following implantation in surgically-created bone defects, and also the influence of the collagen fiber orientation on the neoformed osseous tissue. Seventy two rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used in this experiment. The animals were divided into four experimental groups: Group 1 (control), without implants; Group 2, pericardium medullar implants 12 hours; Group 3, medullar implants of tendon 24 hours, with the long axis of collagen fibers oriented parallel to the long axis of the tibia; and Group 4, medullar implants of tendon 24 hours, with the long axis of collagen fibers perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia. After the experimental surgery, the evolution of the repair process was microscopically evaluated at 7, 15, and 30 days post-surgery. The results demonstrated that the mplanted matrices are biocompatible and act as a scaffold inducing bone formation, mainly in the Group 4 animals. At first, cellularity follows the arrangement of collagen fibers, later obtaining a multidirectional growth.
Autopercepção das condições de saúde bucal de idosos do município de Araraquara – SP
Authors: Henriques Cristiane , Júnior Rodolpho T. , Loffredo Leonor C. M. , Montandon Andréia A. B. , Campos Juliana A. D. B.
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a saúde bucal e a autopercepção de 61 idosos atendidos na FOAR/UNESP, no ano de 2001. Para avaliação da autopercepção utilizou-se o Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) e o questionário proposto por Silva & Castellanos Fernandes14 (2001) (S&CF). Um examinador realizou exame clínico e adotou-se (0) para ausência e (1) para presença de problemas periodontais ou cárie radicular e, quando da presença de próteses (0) para não funcionais e (1) para funcionais. Realizou-se análise descritiva das variáveis. Testou-se a reprodutibilidade da autopercepção pela estatística Kappa (ê). Os pacientes foram agrupados em autopercepção “ótima”, “regular” e “ruim” e a associação com doença periodontal, cárie radicular e uso de prótese foi realizada pelo teste de qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher, com significância de 5%. A maioria dos idosos afirmou nunca ter sofrido limitações devido a seus dentes, gengivas ou próteses, entretanto, o Índice GOHAI global foi de 27,77, característico de uma autopercepção ruim. Observou-se que 56% dos idosos apresentaram doença periodontal, 38% cárie radicular e 92% dos idosos eram usuários de próteses não funcionais. Houve baixa concordância entre os diferentes métodos de avaliação (ê = 0,087) e associação não-significativa entre o índice GOHAI e doença periodontal (÷2=0,856; p=0,5133), cárie radicular (÷2=0,002; p=0,9636) e o uso de próteses (Exato de Fisher: p=0,3286). As condições de saúde bucal apresentaram-se insatisfatórias e a autopercepção mostrou-se ruim, com associação não-significativa com as variáveis clínicas doença periodontal, cárie radicular e uso de prótese.
Efeitos da terapia de reposição hormonal com raloxifeno e risedronato na reparação óssea de ratas com osteopenia
Authors: Sousa Aretha G. V. , Alves Levy A. C. , Rocha Rosilene F. , Moraes Mari Eli L. , Carvalho Valéria A. P.
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi de analisar radiograficamente os efeitos do risedronato e do cloridrato de raloxifeno na reparação óssea de ratas osteopênicas. Utilizou-se cinqüenta ratas divididas em cinco grupos de 10 animais cada: (I) SHAM, (II) ovariectomizadas (OVZ), (III) OVZ e tratadas com risedronato 1mg/kg/dia, (IV) OVZ e tratadas com raloxifeno 1mg/ kg/dia e (V) OVZ e tratadas com raloxifeno 3mg/kg/dia . Após trinta dias da ovariectomia executaram-se lesões ósseas de 3 mm de ∅?nas tíbias direitas. Após 7 e 28 dias de tratamento as ratas foram sacrificadas e as tíbias avaliadas quanto à densidade radiográfica da região de reparação do defeito ósseo por meio do sistema digital RVG Trophy e programa Image Tool 2.03. Os dados da análise da densidade óptica radiográfica foram submetidos à ANOVA e Teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). Os resultados mostraram que aos 28 dias os grupos I e V apresentaram valores de densidade mineral óssea superiores e estatisticamente significantes em relação aos grupos II e IV e semelhantes ao grupo III. Além disso, o grupo III obteve densidade mineral óssea estatísticamente superior ao grupo II e semelhante ao grupo IV. Concluiu-se que o raloxifeno na dose de 3mg/kg/dia e o risedronato na dose de 1mg/kg/dia, aceleraram o processo de reparação óssea, apresentando efeito semelhante ao grupo SHAM. O efeito do raloxifeno na reparação óssea mostrou-se dose-dependente.
Effect of Different Immediate Implant Loading Protocols on Peri-implant Soft Tissue Health
Authors: Refaie Ashraf , Zohdy Maged , Aboelfadl Ahmad , Wahsh Marwa
Published: December 2021

Objective:This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effect of immediate loading on peri-implant soft tissue health using three protocols: i) Immediate functional loading using polymer infiltrated ceramic (PIC) material (IFLV). ii)Immediate functional loading using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) followed by delayed functional loading using PIC material (IFLP). iii) Immediate non-functional loading using PMMA followed by delayed functional loading using PIC material (INFLP). Material & Methods: 30 Implants were placed in the upper premolar area and divided randomly according to the immediate loading protocol. In the control group (INFLP), CAD/CAM PMMA crowns were placed out of occlusion for 3 months, and then replaced by CAD/CAM VITA ENAMIC crowns in functional occlusion. For (IFLV) group, CAD/CAM VITA ENAMIC crowns were immediately loaded in functional occlusion; while in (IFLP) group, CAD/CAM PMMA crowns were placed in functional occlusion for 3 months, and then replaced by CAD/CAM VITA ENAMIC crowns. Modified pink esthetic score (MPES) and probing depth were used for evaluation of peri-implant soft tissue at base line and follow up periods. Results: INFLP showed higher MPES results compared to IFLV and IFLP. Moreover, the INFLP probing depth at 3 months showed higher results compared to the other groups. Conclusions: Immediate non-functional loading showed the best outcomes. However, peri-implant soft tissue health of the immediate functional loading using the PIC crown material was clinically acceptable.Key WordsPolymer infiltrated ceramics, immediate dental implant loading, peri-implant soft tissue health.
Social Manufacturing: from the theory to the practice
Authors: Mariani Zanella Renata , Morosini Frazzon Enzo , Retto Uhlmann Iracyanne
Published: December 2021

Goal: This scientific research article focuses on understanding the new manufacturing paradigm of Industry 4.0 called social manufacturing. The study aims to consolidate the concept of social manufacturing by characterizing and evaluating its theoretical potential, identifying its main practical trends, and correlating its state-of-the-art with its state-of-the-practice.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The first step was the consolidation of the concept of social manufacturing through bibliographic analysis. Then, real-world cases were identified and classified under the optics of social manufacturing to define the current practice. Lastly, confronting the concept of social manufacturing with existing methods depicted a clear panorama, including academic and practical opportunities.
Results: The results show a trend towards social manufacturing. New challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, are pushing forward social collaboration initiatives related to manufacturing. The most advanced conceptualized stage occurs theoretically, as mass individualization is still not a reality. New scenarios of limited resources and challenging environments such as the COVID-19 pandemic will impose the broader dissemination and application of mass customization concepts, practices, and tools.
Practical implications: New scenarios of limited resources and challenging environments such as the COVID-19 pandemic impose the broader dissemination and application of mass customization concepts, practices, and tools.
Limitation of the investigation: This research only considered articles published in English. Practices were analyzed using third-party content available.
Originality/Value: The term social manufacturing in the literature has yet to be consolidated. In addition, no comparison between theory and practice was available.
Book review of: Becker, Frank; Harwardt, Darius; Wala, Michael (Hg.) (2020): Die Verortung der Bundesrepublik. Ideen und Symbole politischer Geographie nach 1945.
Authors: Strubelt Wendelin
Published: December 2021

Book Review
Constructing meaning in a different language: the case of doctoral
students in a French University
Authors: Canollari-Baze Albana , David Gaby
Published: December 2021

Drawing from a constructivist approach, this qualitative research
presents results of teaching the Doctoral English Course (DEC) at the Center
for Languages (CDL), University Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis. The DEC aims
to train doctoral candidates in the practice of scientific communication in
English. By allowing students to (re)think and approach their thesis in
English, concrete research methods and tools to produce results related to
their research were provided. The analysis explored students’ experiences on
classroom activities and their reflections at the end of the course.
Students reflected on meaningful experiences, collaborative learning, and
impact of the process in developing their research. Overall, the study
offers insightful contributions on the way rethinking in a different
language influenced the way scientific meaning is reconstructed.
Interaction games to boost students’ engagement in foreign language
virtual exchanges: the case of virtual worlds and
video-communication
Authors: Canto Silvia , Jauregi-Ondarra Kristi
Published: December 2021

Game-based learning is gaining popularity in language education. For the
present study, three games were developed with a central focus on
intercultural interaction to be played internationally in dyads or small
groups using Video-Communication (VC) tools or a Virtual World (VW). The
interactions were carried out in Spanish as a Lingua Franca (LF) between 32
university students over a period of three weeks. Different sources of data
were gathered in order to study how games, played in an intercultural
setting in VWs and VC, influence or not key affective variables in language
learning. Initial results of the final questionnaires show that the
interaction games did boost students’ engagement in virtual exchanges, but
results were more promising for the VC than the VW condition.
Context, method, and theory in CALL research articles
Authors: Choubsaz Yazdan , Jalilifar Alireza , Boulton Alex
Published: December 2021

This paper is an initial report of the data analysis phase of a larger
study that traces the evolution of Computer Assisted Language Learning
(CALL). All published Research Articles (RAs) from four major CALL journals
– ReCALL, CALL, Language Learning & Technology (LL&T) and CALICO
Journal – from the very first issues to the end of 2019 were downloaded,
sorted, and checked to form the final corpus of 426 highly cited RAs. The
trends and themes (research contexts, research participants, and theoretical
and methodological considerations of the RAs) were all recorded to see how
CALL has evolved over time. Primary findings indicate that empirical studies
where learners are physically or virtually involved in the process of
technology-mediated language instruction dominate the field of CALL
research. Authors resort to both quantitative and qualitative methodologies
for data collection and analysis, though mixed-methods has gained more
weight in the past two decades. Sociocultural theory stands over and above
other theories in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) to frame CALL studies.
The paper discusses these issues, and problems detected.
The affective benefits of speech recognition systems on pronunciation
monitoring
Authors: Chujo Junko
Published: December 2021

This research aimed to investigate the effects of pronunciation
monitoring on learners’ affective factors through self-monitoring activities
using speech recognition systems. The effect of a specifically designed
pronunciation activity for Japanese university students was analyzed. The
worksheet form of the activity was based on the use of speech recognition
systems such as Siri and Google apps. A special focus was placed on the
development of students’ affective phase toward English and pronunciation
learning. The research concluded that the activity had a positive impact for
increasing awareness of, interest in, and motivation toward pronunciation
improvement and it highlighted the important role of teaching pronunciation
in English oral communication skills in the limited English exposure of the
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context.
Machine translation literacy: a panorama of practices at Swiss
universities and implications for language teaching
Authors: Delorme Benites Alice , Cotelli Kureth Sara , Lehr Caroline , Steele Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

This short paper presents the quantitative results of an online survey
of Swiss university students and staff on their use of Machine Translation
(MT). The analysis of the 3,713 responses throws light on the context,
purposes, degree of successive revisions, and ethical considerations
surrounding the use of MT. With regards to language teachers and students,
the quantitative data allows us to draw three preliminary conclusions: MT is
a well-established but unspoken practice in Swiss universities, MT is not
seen as an alternative to language learning, and MT is seen and already
being used as a tool to improve language skills.
Pedagogical experiences in a virtual exchange project using
high-immersion virtual reality for intercultural language learning
Authors: Jauregi-Ondarra Kristi , Gruber Alice , Canto Silvia
Published: December 2021

Social Virtual Reality (VR) applications enable real-time interpersonal
conversation and allow users to perform activities together. They have the
potential of changing the ways learners practise speaking a foreign
language. Following a previous study (Jauregi Ondarra, Gruber, & Canto,
2020), we designed the present study to explore how presence, immersion, and
interactivity affect overall social experience. Students from Germany and
the Netherlands engaged in High-immersion VR (HiVR) virtual exchange
sessions, using Spanish as a lingua franca at A2 level. International dyads
carried out four interaction tasks in AltspaceVR, using head-mounted
devices. To examine students’ HiVR virtual exchange experiences, different
sources of data were gathered: questionnaires, reflection diaries,
recordings, and focus group interviews. The preliminary results, based on
the surveys and reflection journals, show that students liked to use a
social VR app to communicate in the target language with peers from other
countries, as they felt completely immersed and co-present in the social
interactive VR space. This might enhance engagement and lower anxiety
levels.
Using Moodle Quiz to respond to emergency: a case study with a tertiary
L2 French teacher
Authors: Papadima-Sophocleous Salomi , Antoniou Savvi
Published: December 2021

This short paper reports on the case of a tertiary level French language
practitioner self-training in using Moodle Quiz during the Covid-19 pandemic
online emergency remote teaching (Hodges et al., 2020). As no teacher
training program included a topic such as ‘how to deal with the pandemic’,
switching to online teaching was done under emergency conditions (MacIntyre,
Gregersen, & Mercer, 2020). The practitioner had taken advantage of the
situation and explored ways of self-training. She took advantage of Moodle
Quiz (MQ) affordances. She experimented with different ways MQ could be used
to construct a diverse number of quiz activities, embedded with audio and
video, infused with elements of constructivism, and aiming at catering for
the aims and expected outcomes of the specific students and course.
Self-training helped the practitioner face the challenges of online
emergency teaching as she developed knowledge, skills, and experiences
necessary for creating online interactive activities.
Reflections on 21st century skill development using interactive posters
and virtual reality presentations
Authors: Warrick Andrew , Woodward Heather
Published: December 2021

In this preliminary research study, Japanese university students created
two dimensional (2D) interactive posters and 360° Virtual Reality (VR)
presentations using Thinglink software. Students can use Thinglink software
to annotate images with photos, videos, and descriptions. Researchers
explore the extent to which students believed that creating and presenting
their VR and interactive poster presentations improved their 21st century
skills of critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity.
They thought that creating them helped to develop their communication and
creativity skills, and to a lesser extent, their collaboration and critical
thinking skills. Researchers consider other avenues and recommend
improvements for task design to help students develop collaboration and
critical thinking skills.
KARAKTERISTIK KALSIUM DARI TULANG IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) YANG DIEKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN HCl
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Rohmeita Diandela , Legowo Anang M
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: Tulang ikan bandeng merupakan limbah dari industri perikanan yang belum bisa dimanfaatkan dengan baik serta berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Tulang ikan bandeng mengandung mineral yang tinggi, terutama mineral kalsium. Kandungan kalsium yang tinggi dalam tulang ikan berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kalsium alternatif. Namun untuk melepaskan ikatan kalsium dan kolagen diperlukan perlakuan khusus. Perlakuan yang dapat dilakukan adalah perendaman dengan HCl disertai suhu yang tinggi. Ekstraksi dengan HCl mampu memutuskan ikatan kalsium dan kolagen serta meningkatkan ketersediaan kalsium dalam produk yang dihasilkan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kadar air, rendemen, kelarutan dalam asam dan air, kadar kalsium serta derajat putih kalsium dari tulang ikan bandeng yang diekstraksi dengan konsentrasi larutan HCl yang berbeda.Metode: Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Percobaan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 perlakuan berupa ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl berbeda pada suhu 85° C yang meliputi T1(0,5N), T2 (1N), T3 (1,5N), dan T4 (2N). Analisis data yang digunakan merupakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata.Hasil: Hasik penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap rendemen, kelarutan dalam asam dan air, serta derajat putih, sedangkan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air. Kadar kalsium produk turun seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi HCl.Simpulan: Perlakuan ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl 0,5 N memberikan hasil terbaik dengan rendemen dan kadar kalsium tertinggi, derajat putih yang tinggi, kadar air yang rendah serta kelarutan dalam asam dan air yang baik. Kata kunci: Kalsium, HCl. Tulang Ikan, Ikan Bandeng
HUBUNGAN DISFAGIA DENGAN MALNUTRISI PADA LANJUT USIA : STUDI LITERATUR
Authors: Safira Nur Laila , Probosari Enny , Candra Aryu , Ayustaningwarno Fitriyono , Rahadiyanti Ayu
Published: December 2021

Background: Dysphagia can lead to a decrease in nutritional status and increased risk of malnutrition in the elderly. The incidence of dysphagia often undetected, especially among the elderly in the community, causes the prevalence of the elderly at risk of dysphagia in the elderly to increase.Objective: The aims of this literature study was to review the latest research related to dysphagia with malnutriton in the elderly. Method: The search for 2011 – 2021 English-language articles was carried out on the PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and ResearchGate databases using the keyword Dysphagia AND (Nutritional Status OR Malnutrition) AND Elderly and it was found  that 16 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria, including articles with elderly subjects aged ≥65 years in the community, a minimum sample of 50 respondents, a cross sectional and prospective cohort study, analyzed the relationship between variables, and data collection using valid instruments by a trained people.Result: Dysphagia independently had a significant relationship with nutritional status in elderly, could reduce oral food intake and lead to decrease in nutritional status due to nutrient deficiency. It was known that differences in instruments, characteristics and number of samples as well as the timing of malnutrition can affect the relationship between variables. Other factors such as teeth condition, body composition and tongue pressure might also be associated with dysphagia and malnutrition. Conclusion: The existence of a relationship between the two variables found in most of the studies indicates that dysphagia is an important factor that can lead to malnutrition in elderlyKeywords: Elderly; Dysphagia; Malnutrition
Zanikanie formantów rodzinnych w gwarach a nietypowe problemy badawcze współczesnej dialektologii (na przykładzie wsi poddukielskich w Beskidzie Niskim)
Authors: Kurek Halina
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu są nietypowe problemy badawcze, na które od przełomu wieków XX i XXI natrafiają współcześni badacze języka mówionego wsi. W opisie przemian językowych społeczności wiejskich muszą oni bowiem uwzględniać zarówno przeobrażenia dokonujące się w gwarach, jak i w języku ogólnopolskim, ponieważ przedmiotem ich analiz staje się substandard wiejski, dodatkowo nieustannie modyfikowany przez polszczyznę medialną i wzorce angloamerykańskie. Nietypowe problemy badawcze pokazuję na przykładzie zanikających „formantów rodzinnych”, czyli przyrostków służących w gwarach do tworzenia nazw żon, synów i córek, zebranych we wsiach poddukielskich w Beskidzie Niskim. Materiał obejmujący cały wiek XX i początek wieku XXI zawiera też przykłady wskazujące na zjawisko odfleksyjniania imion i nazwisk w substandardzie wiejskim w strukturach składniowych typu: imię + od + gen. sg. nazwiska // imienia // przezwiska ojca lub matki.
Badania leksyki gwarowej w dobie przemian i globalizacji
Authors: Jelonek Tomasz
Published: December 2021

Główny cel artykułu stanowi próba zarysowania problemów związanych z gromadzeniem leksyki gwarowej w dobie przemian językowo-kulturowych i globalizacji. W opracowaniu wykorzystano m.in. wnioski z eksploracji terenowej, którą autor prowadzi od roku 2011 w gminie Wręczyca Wielka na północy województwa śląskiego w powiecie kłobuckim. W pierwszej części tekstu omówiono pokrótce wpływ przemian cywilizacyjno-kulturowych i procesów globalizacyjnych na słownictwo mieszkańców współczesnej wsi. Przybliżono także specyfikę badań terenowych z pierwszej połowy XX w. W drugiej części przedstawiono natomiast trudności, na jakie napotyka współczesny badacz gwar. Zaproponowano również kilka rozwiązań metodologicznych, które mogą ułatwić gromadzenie materiału leksykalnego.
O gwarowej artystycznej metaforze niekonwencjonalnej na przykładzie poezji Podhala
Authors: Mlekodaj Anna
Published: December 2021

W gwarowej poezji Podhala obok nurtu ludowego wyodrębnił się także nurt zindywidualizowanej liryki, prezentującej subiektywną wizję świata, przefiltrowaną przez wrażliwość poety. Teksty należące do tego nurtu cechuje niekonwencjonalna metaforyka, polegająca na zastosowaniu figur stylistycznych świadomie i twórczo modyfikujących konwencje ludowego stylu artystycznego lub też inspirujących się innymi wzorcami. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza czterech przykładów niekonwencjonalnych metafor gwarowych o różnym stopniu złożoności. Wszystkie zostały zaczerpnięte z tekstów współczesnych poetów Podhala. W nawiązaniu do interakcyjnej teorii metafory M. Blacka zostaną omówione przekształcenia semantyczne, którym poddano poszczególne wyrażenia gwarowe w celu wydobycia z nich nowych znaczeń.
BODYTUNE: Multi Auscultation Device – Personal Health Parameter Monitoring at Home
Authors: Salvi Rutuja , Fuentealba Patricio , Henze Jasmin , Burmann Anja , Spiller Moritz , Hellwig Stefan , Faldemolaei Niki , Boese Axel , Illanes Alfredo , Friebe Michael
Published: December 2021

Auscultation methods allow the non-invasive diagnosis of pathological conditions (e.g., of the lung, heart or blood vessels) based on sounds that the body produces (e.g., breathing, heartbeat, swallowing or the blood flow). Through regular homebased examinations and Big Data combined with Machine learning techniques like Deep Learning, these could help detect diseases in an early stage, thus preventing serious health conditions and subsequently ensuring optimal therapy through continuous monitoring. This paper presents BODYTUNE, a novel inexpensive multi-auscultation system that aims at providing a tool for establishing a baseline of audio signal derived classification parameters that could be used for the self-monitoring of personal health for everybody through the analysis of deviations from that baseline. In the future, Big Data analysis could additionally lead to prediction and early detection of disease events.
Micro-Physiological-Systems enable investigation of hypoxia induced pathological processes in human aortic valve cells and tissues
Authors: Winkelkotte Maximilian , Schmieder Florian , Behrens Stephan , Salminger Dominic , Jannasch Anett , Matschke Klaus , Tugtekin Sems- Malte , Sonntag Frank , Dittfeld Claudia
Published: December 2021

Aortic valve (AV) stenosis is characterized by tissue fibrosis and calcification. Fibrous thickening can result in reduced tissue oxygen supply leading to pathological valvular interstitial cell (VIC) differentiation and calcification. Static 2D VIC cultures and animal models are limited in the ability to reflect human AV calcification. Culturing of VICs in micro-physiological-systems (MPS) in a pulsatile flow and the establishment of a modular AV tissue incubation chamber (TIC) are new approaches to evaluate pathophysiological processes of AV disease. Therefore, a MPS able to adjust hypoxic conditions was applied for VIC culture. A significant increase of mRNA-expression of EGLN1 and HIF1α- regulated LDHA and HIF1α nuclear localisation were proven under hypoxia. AV tissue culture was established within a TIC and viability was monitored by Resazurin-reduction in the incubation medium and visualized by LDH-activity in tissue cryosections. Viability was compared between fluid and static incubated tissues revealing an advantageous effect of the fluidic assay condition. Consecutively, the application of MPS in AV research allows i) the investigation of VIC cultures with efficient oxygen regulation and ii) the culture of porcine or human AV tissues preserving viability and specifically reflecting in vivo parameters. These methods open up new possibilities beyond static 2D culture and facilitate a reduction of animal experiments in AV research.
A method for image-guided positioning of cochlear specimens in insertion test benches using 3D printed stands
Authors: Rau Thomas S. , Cramer Jakob , Zuniga M. Geraldine , Böttcher Georg , Lenarz Thomas
Published: December 2021

Cochlear implants include an electrode array (EA) which needs to be inserted into the cochlea. Insertion tests using artificial cochlear models (ACM) or ex vivo specimens are widely used methods during EA development to characterize EA design properties, including insertion forces. Measured forces are directly linked to the orientation of the cochlear lumen with respect to the insertion axis of the test bench. While desired insertion directions in ACM experiments can be predefined by design, specimens are individually shaped and the cochlear lumen is embedded invisibly. Therefore, a new method for accurate, individual specimen positioning is required. A key element of the proposed method is a customizable pose setting adapter (PSA) used to adjust the specimen’s fine positioning. After rigid fixation of the specimen to a holder featuring spherical registration markers and subsequent cone beam computed tomography the desired insertion direction is planned. The planned data is used to calculate the individual shape of the PSA. Finally, the PSA is 3D printed and mounted between force sensor and specimen holder to correctly align the specimen to the test bench’s insertion axis. All necessary hard- and software have been developed including the specimen holder, a software for registration and trajectory planning, and a custom Matlab script whose output drives a parametric CAD file of the PSA. Positioning accuracy was determined in a first trial using 10 virtual trajectories and was found to be 0.23 ± 0.12 mm and 0.38 ± 0.17°. The presented stereotactic positioning procedure enables high repeatability in future ex vivo insertion experiments due to accurate, image-guided control of the insertion direction.
Hybrid handheld gamma-ultrasound prototype for radioguided surgery: initial results
Authors: Pashazadeh Ali , Fomanka Lauretta Nana , Boese Axel , Friebe Michael
Published: December 2021

We have witnessed impressive advances in preoperative imaging of cancer and the development of dualmodality scanners. However, there is a need for a scanner with functional and anatomical imaging capability suitable for surgical settings and radioguided surgery. The current paper introduces a handheld gamma-ultrasound scanner prototype and illustrates the initial result of testing its very first version. The result of the testing was promising and encouraging in continuing the further development of the prototype.
Balanced Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross- Validation for Microsleep Classification
Authors: Pauli Martin Patrick , Pohl Constantin , Golz Martin
Published: December 2021

Inter-individual differences in the feature distribution of electroencephalograms (EEG) during microsleep (MS) raise questions about the generalizability of the methodology, because methodology should have the same validity for subjects to be included in the analysis in the future as for subjects included so far. We address this question using leave-one-subject- out cross-validation (LOSO CV) to simulate inclusion of test data from future subjects. Investigations are based on EEG of 70 subjects across four studies conducted in our driving simulation lab. 9,297 MS and 10,264 counter-examples of sustained attention (SA) were included in the analysis. Three variants of sample balancing are compared: (1) none, (2) overall balancing, and (3) between-subjects balancing. Resulting classification accuracies range from 80% to 100% for 67 subjects, but for 3 subjects they are at 66.5%, 73.1%, 78.3%. Averaged across subjects, accuracies were (1) 90.2%, (2) 90.2% and (3) 89.1%. Thus, balancing might not be essential if LOSO CV is performed over a sufficiently large number of subjects. Results of standard CV must be regarded as optimistically biased.
The Digital Twin: Modular Model-Based Approach to Personalized Medicine
Authors: Gaebel Jan , Keller Johannes , Schneider Daniel , Lindenmeyer Adrian , Neumuth Thomas , Franke Stefan
Published: December 2021

To overcome obstacles and complexity of decision making in clinical oncology, we propose an integrated clinical decision support approach; the Digital Twin. We analyse the reasons for frustration in applying clinical decision support and provide a multi-levelled approach to implementing a flexible system to support and strengthen clinical decisions. Describing medical patterns and contexts with Resource Description Framework (RDF) allows for standardised way of connecting medical knowledge and processing modules. Having flexible web-based interfaces integrated a multitude of heterogeneous data processing systems to either make clinical data available altogether, or provide calculations and assessments. Transition of the Digital Twin to clinical practice promises effective assistance and safer clinical decisions.
Generating adversarial images to monitor the training state of a CNN model
Authors: Ding Ning , Möller Knut
Published: December 2021

Deep neural networks have shown effectiveness in many applications, however, in regulated applications like automotive or medicine, quality guarantees are required. Thus, it is important to understand the robustness of the solutions to perturbations in the input space. In order to identify the vulnerability of a trained classification model and evaluate the effect of different perturbations in the input on the output class, two different methods to generate adversarial examples were implemented. The adversarial images created were developed into a robustness index to monitor the training state and safety of a convolutional neural network model. In the future work, some generated adversarial images will be included into the training phase to improve the model robustness.
Development and verification of a test rig for inactivation of bacteria and (corona-) viruses by UVC air disinfection systems
Authors: Knaus Johannes , Vatter Petra , Hessling Martin
Published: December 2021

The ongoing coronavirus pandemic spreads through airborne transmission and is therefore difficult to contain. However, coronaviruses are highly sensitive to UVC, so UVC air disinfection systems should be able to inactivate the virus. Unfortunately, so far there are only few possibilities to test the reduction of airborne viruses or other pathogens. A special test rig, which mainly consisted of a nebulizer and an airflow system, was developed to determine the antiviral and antibacterial efficiency of UVC air disinfection systems. In the assessment of such an UVC air disinfection system with nebulized Staphylococcus carnosus and a sampling period of 30 minutes, a mean bactericidal reduction of 3.70 log10 (99.98 %) was determined. For antiviral irradiation of the coronavirus surrogate phi6 a mean viral load reduction of 1.18 log10 (93.40 %) was observed after a sampling period of 10 minutes. Therefore, mobile UVC air disinfection systems could be applied in hospitals, retirement and nursing homes.
Generation of surgical reports using keyword-augmented next sequence prediction
Authors: Bieck Richard , Wildfeuer Valentina , Kunz Viktor , Sorge Martin , Pirlich Markus , Rockstroh Max , Neumuth Thomas
Published: December 2021

The documentation of a surgical procedure remains a time-consuming task that surgeons must incorporate into their daily routine. However, since a surgical report should be produced immediately after the operation with all impressions of the procedure in mind, a means of automation assistance should be provided. We, therefore, propose a method that generates surgical reports based on keywords stated during the procedure. Our report generation is based on a sequence-tosequence model that is trained on sentence pairs of two consecutive sentences in a surgical report. The known sentence is augmented with a keyword based on the following surgical action to be documented and is then passed into a language model to generate the next sentence. In this way, the complexity of predicting a vast number of possible surgical report phrasings is reduced to a next sentence prediction task. For the language model, an encoder-decoder structure was used with bidirectional 2-layer Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) units for both components and an attention layer between input and output sentences. The training data consisted of 50 ear-,nose- and throat surgery (ENT) reports with 1500 sentences. The model training was performed in a k-fold cross-validation study with k = 10 and cross-entropy loss as the objective function. The generated reports were investigated using NIST, ROUGE, and METEOR metrics. Additionally, three medical experts identified the report content regarding plausibility and text errors. The trained models reached an accuracy of 0.82 for the next sentence predictions. The generated reports show consistent sentence structures and keyword correspondence for about 70 % of provided keyword sequences. The NIST, ROUGE, and METEOR metrics reached 0.65, 0.71, and 0.64, respectively. The model underperformed for not yet known keyword sequences and shows signs of overfitting when keyword sequences deviate from the baseline of the training set. Our approach for the keyword-augmented generation of surgical reports shows the potential of reducing the text generation complexity by providing a sequence of anchor words. However, the automated generation of surgical reports remains a difficult task due to individual report phrasings and the high variance in keyword sequences.
Application of an Ultrashort-pulsed Laser for Generation of Super-hydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Zahedi Ali , Jauch Christian , Azarhoushang Bahman
Published: December 2021

Hydrophobic surfaces have gained a vast attention in different fields of biomedical applications over the last few years. Laser treatment has been shown as a promising technology for the generation of functional, inter alia, superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study a picosecond Yb-YAG laser was assigned for the generation of superhydrophobic characteristics on a steel alloy with application in surgical instrumentation. Regarding the ablation energy threshold of about 6 μJ for the given pulse width and laser beam characteristics and by assigning a suitable combination of microstructure kinematics and laser processing conditions a persistent hierarchical pattern is mapped over the laser-radiated surfaces. The average measured contact angle on the laserradiated surfaces was about 150°, which indicates their superhydrophobic properties.
Avoiding non-linearity of optically pumped magnetometer MEG within an actively shielded two-layer mu-metal room
Authors: Sander Tilmann H. , Marhl Urban , Jazbinšek Vojko
Published: December 2021

Some optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) sensors available for biomagnetic investigations have a linear range limited to +- 1 nT due to the specific properties of their open loop operation. In a two-layer magnetically shielded room of type Ak3b/Vacoshield Advanced with an external active compensation we studied how much sensor movement is allowed until amplitudes exceed the linearity range. Intentional movements were performed by a subject wearing an OPM-MEG sensor array. It was found that movements of 8 cm did yield non-linear amplitudes, but a reduction of the movement in half already preserves linearity. Despite movements, the heartbeat was found to generate a periodic signal, although the generating mechanism could not be identified so far.
Use of a trained denoising autoencoder to estimate the noise level in the ECG
Authors: Samann Fars , Schanze Thomas
Published: December 2021

Noise level estimation plays an important role in many applications of signal and image processing, like denoising, compression and detection. Recently, deep neural networks have also been increasingly used for this purpose. In this paper, we develop an effective algorithm of noise level estimation of ECG segments based on trained denoising autoencoder (DAE) with a statistical thresholding method. An important observation is that a well-trained DAE model provides a clean representation of the corrupted training dataset. Two identical cascaded trained DAE models are considered to estimate the statistical properties, e.g., mean and standard deviation, from the trained DAE outputs after applying noise free aligned and jittered training dataset respectively. Two statistical thresholds are calculated from these statistical properties to classify whether the ECG segment is noise-free or jittered or noisy segment. The accuracy of the proposed method is quite promising in classifying and estimating unknow noise level.
Quantification of noncircular stent expansion after TAVR into a pathological annulus and its impact on paravalvular leakage
Authors: Borowski Finja , Kaule Sebastian , Oldenburg Jan , Öner Alper , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Stiehm Michael
Published: December 2021

Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may suffer severe clinical complications, caused by paravalvular leakage (PVL) which is defined as leakage between TAVR and aortic annulus. PVL is often facilitated by a severely calcified annulus. This limits the expansion of a self-expandable TAVR stent. To assess TAVR performance in terms of leakage, measurement of regurgitation fraction in a pathophysiological annulus is recommended according to ISO 5840. For this purpose, a configuration of a circular annulus with a calcification nodule has been proposed in the recently published ISO 5840. The impact of the proposed pathophysiological annulus model on the expansion of self-expandable TAVR stents and on the regurgitation fraction was investigated in this study. For this purpose, two commercially available selfexpandable TAVRs (Evolut R and Portico) were implanted in a calcified annulus model. Circular expansion of the TAVR stents was investigated based on μCT scans of the implanted TAVR. The calcification-induced area in which retrograde flow can occur during diastole was detected. These results were then compared with the experimentally determined regurgitation fraction obtained from pulse duplicator tests. The results of the μCT scans showed a continuous leakage area in the region of the annulus for the Evolut R compared to a locally larger leakage area of the Portico, which, however, reattaches to the annulus in the distal inflow region. The hydrodynamic measurements confirmed a smaller leakage in the pathological annulus for the Portico. In summary, it can be assumed that a continuous leakage area in the TAVR stent inflow region encourages the PVL of TAVR.
Accuracy measurement of HoloLens2 IMUs in medical environments
Authors: Matyash Ivan , Kutzner Robin , Neumuth Thomas , Rockstroh Max
Published: December 2021

As augmented reality devices become more available, collaborative work in the augmented space is expected to increase. Knowing the position of participants allows for realistic interaction rather than passive participation. The HoloLens 2’s camera and IMUs fuse data to locate the device. In this paper, accuracy and repeatability of the HoloLens2 position finding was analysed to provide a quantitative measure of pose repeatability and deviation from a path while in motion. Deviation from a circular path was found to be below 5 mm per 628 mm travelled.
Investigation of biocompatible Parylene as triboelectric layer for wearable energy harvesting
Authors: Selbmann Franz , Baum Mario , Bobinger Marco , Gottwald Markus , Wiemer Maik , Kuhn Harald
Published: December 2021

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are energy converters or energy harvesters that convert mechanical motion into electrical energy on the basis of their material properties. A particular advantage of the TENG is its ability to convert small, low-frequency and random mechanical movements that are relevant for body movements and wearable applications. Within the presented study, different Parylene types were analysed as the dielectric material in TENG and found to be promising with respect to providing high output voltages and powers, respectively. Besides the verification of the usability of Parylene for TENG and its superior triboelectric properties, also significant differences were found between the Parylene types.
The In Situ Human Dental Implantome: A First Appraisal
Authors: Sowislok Andrea , Weischer Thomas , Jennissen Herbert P.
Published: December 2021

Protein adsorption is the first fundamental interaction between the human body and a foreign surface. The sum of all proteins in this adherent proteinaceous layer comprises the implant proteome. The in situdental implant proteome (implantome) was eluted from four implants of two wettabilities after a 2-min dipping in the humor operationis of maxillar tooth sockets. A mean number of 2056 different polypeptides per implant were identified according to the Xcorr method (Xcorr score ≥ 1.5, n ≥ 2 peptides). In the top 12 proteins comprising ca. 47% of the total abundance, cell-free hemoglobin (26.7%) was the most abundant, followed by fibrinogen (6.4%) and serum albumin (1.8%) with additional 1,800 lower abundance polypeptides, which contained ca. 34 salivary and a similar number of autoimmunogenic polypeptides. Selective enrichment of cell-free hemoglobin on the implant vs. albumin was estimated to 270 fold