bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of WAAM components
Authors: Sommer K. , Pfennig A. , Sammler F. , Heiler R.
Published: January 2025

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a process enabling the deposition of components with complex geometries while using high deposition rates. The WAAM process is associated with specific thermal process conditions resulting in inhomogeneities in the microstructure and thus, anisotropic properties within a component.

Using a WAAM component made of high-alloy steel 1.4370 as an example, correlations between the microstructural gradients and the mechanical properties will be studied based on hardness measurements. To this end, the phases and characteristic features present in the microstructure will be linked to hardness profiles measured in different regions of the WAAM component.
Failure analysis of LCF cracked medium-voltage switch bellows
Authors: Fischer B. , Giller M. , Neidel A.
Published: January 2025

Three cracked spring bellows used for medium voltage switches were subjected to materialographic examinations. They were installed in switches that were tested in the test facility performing simulated switching cycles and failed prematurely. The number of load cycles until crack initiation is not known. However, it was well under 10,000. The cause of the crack was low-cycle fatigue (LCF) induced by wall thinning wear resulting from a relative movement between the bellow and the inner polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sleeve. Hot cracking characteristics or evidence of other fracture mechanisms were not found.
Evaluación del crecimiento y abscisión de cultivares de pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum L) cultivados en hidroponía con diferentes soluciones nutritivas
Authors: Guerrero Mosqueda Viridiana , Romero Jaimes Anahí , Campos Canchola Diego , Bustos Hernández Rodrigo , Sosa Morales María Elena , Núñez Palenius Héctor Gordon
Published: January 2025

El cultivo hidropónico de pimiento morrón es crucial para maximizar el rendimiento y la calidad en entornoscontrolados. Sin embargo, se necesita identificar las combinaciones óptimas de variedades de pimiento ysoluciones nutritivas. Para ello se evaluó el efecto de tres soluciones nutritivas (Vegetativa, Generativa,Balance) sobre el crecimiento de cuatro variedades de pimiento morrón (Viper EZ, Ocelot, Presley, Triple 5)en un sistema hidropónico, empleando un diseño experimental completamente al azar con tres réplicas. Elexperimento se realizó en invernaderos de la Universidad de Guanajuato, utilizando sistemas hidropónicos.Las mediciones incluyeron el diámetro del tallo, la altura y el número de hojas. Se midieron altura, diámetrodel tallo y número de hojas a los 5, 12 y 19 días después del trasplante. Los resultados obtenidos durante los19 días después de la trasplantación, fueron que el tratamiento "Viper EZ+Vegetativa" tuvo la mayor alturasuperando significativamente a otras combinaciones. En cuanto el diámetro del tallo y el número de hojas nohubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamiento aplicados.
Determinación del Nivel de Cultura del Agua en la población estudiantil de la ENMS Pénjamo
Authors: Prado Martínez Jesús Daniel , Alcocer Zaragoza Jacqueline , Gómez Delgado Danna , Juárez Cisneros Jairo Martín , Herrera Ramírez Eva Evelin Yael , García González Mario Oleg , Moreno Frías María del Carmen
Published: January 2025

Introducción: La Cultura del Agua es un conjunto de valores, actitudes, costumbres y hábitos que son transmitidos a un individuo o una sociedad para crear una conciencia responsable sobre el uso racional, la importancia del agua para el desarrollo de todo ser vivo, la disponibilidad del recurso en su entorno y las acciones necesarias para obtenerla, distribuirla, desalojarla, limpiarla y reutilizarla.Metodología: Se seleccionaron alumnos de los diferentes semestres de la Escuela de Nivel Medio Superior de Pénjamo, se aplicó el instrumento validado para medir el nivel de cultura del agua, a través de un formulario de Forms, una vez obtenidos los datos se analizaron a través de medidas de tendencia central y frecuencias.Resultados: Participaron un total de 148 alumnos, 18 de los participantes (12.1%) obtuvieron un nivel adecuado, solo 3 participantes (2%) obtuvieron un nivel bajo y 127 participantes (85.9%) obtuvieron un excelente nivel de cultura del agua.Conclusión: El nivel de cultura del agua en los alumnos de la Escuela de Nivel Medio Superior de Pénjamo es excelente, independientemente del grado académico que estén cursando.
Agenda de género en las elecciones presidenciales y de la gubernatura de Guanajuato 2024
Authors: Góngora Cervantes Vanessa , Cadena Sánchez María Concepción , Hernández Vázquez Dulce María , López García Azael , Rocha Vargas Leticia Nohemí , Son Gonón Dominga Teresa
Published: January 2025

El 2024 fue un año crucial en los procesos electorales pues por primera vez en la historia se eligió a la primera mujer como presidenta de México y, en el caso de Guanajuato, una gobernadora. En este sentido, durante el proceso electoral 2023-2024 se estuvo realizando una investigación dirigida a analizar la agenda de género electoral de las candidatas y el candidato a la presidencia de la República, así como de las tres candidatas a la gubernatura de Guanajuato. En la literatura de políticas públicas se sostiene que las campañas electorales son “ventanas de oportunidad” para el posicionamiento de temas (issues), problemas públicos definidos y sus respectivas propuestas de soluciones, que, muchas veces, no tienen la posibilidad de entrar a la agenda gubernamental por resistencias sistémicas o es un momento crítico para grandes virajes de sentido de las políticas públicas. La investigación partió del supuesto de que la problemática de género sería prioritaria en la agenda electoral presidencial y para la gubernatura de Guanajuato, por el número inédito de mujeres participantes y además se abordarían problemas públicos y soluciones que se habían ausentado en campañas previas referentes a la temática de género. Para ello, se diseñó una investigación que contempló el análisis de las plataformas electorales oficiales, notas periodísticas de medios nacionales y locales, así como de lo dicho en los debates oficiales organizados por los organismos electorales y organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Las conclusiones preliminares de la investigación indican que hay una mayor presencia de la agenda de género en las propuestas de las candidatas y candidatos respecto a campañas anteriores, pero no llega a ser el tema que marcó las elecciones. Se apuesta a la vaguedad del tratamiento de los temas de género sin llegar a propuestas concretas, además de que se evaden temas polémicos como el aborto. Los principales temas de la agenda de género abordados tanto en campaña presidencial como a la gubernatura del Estado de Guanajuato son violencia de género y cuidados, pero también se observa la priorización de soluciones de corte asistencial, dado el carácter que imprimió a toda la campaña el seguimiento de los programas sociales de la administración federal de Andrés Manuel López Obrador: en el caso de las presidenciales, las dos candidatas propusieron apoyos directos a mujeres, así como la candidata electa a la gubernatura de Guanajuato, su propuesta por excelencia fue la "tarjeta rosa".
Efecto de la cobertura del suelo para el control de malezas sobre el desarrollo del maíz.
Authors: Granados Pérez Laura Edith , Pérez Lazaro Jesús , González Orosco Ambe Andarani , Delgado Ramírez Alfonso Francisco , Rodriguez Gutierrez Jazmin , Tirado Pérez Karina Yesenia , Salas-Araiza Manuel Darío , Guzmán-Mendoza Rafael
Published: January 2025

EL maíz es uno de los cultivos más importantes en México y el mundo, para su producción se hace uso de insumos agroquímicos como los herbicidas, pues las malezas son capaces de disminuir sensiblemente la producción. Desafortunadamente, estos insumos de control tienen efectos dañinos sobre la salud humana y el ambiente y son ampliamente usados en zonas agrícolas importantes como el Bajío Guanajuatense. Se estableció un experimento con distintos tratamientos para el control de malezas, con el fin de evaluar el desarrollo vegetativo y productivo de un cultivo de maíz de temporal. Los tratamientos mostraron diferencias significativas, las plantas bajo cobertura de paja crecieron más que el resto de los tratamientos. No hubo diferencias significativas en las variables de producción (peso en gr de mazorca y grano). Al no haber diferencias en los rendimientos y un mayor crecimiento vegetativo en las plantas de maíz en condiciones de cobertura de paja, este tratamiento tiene el potencial de ser usado para el control de malezas sin afectar el rendimiento, considerando, además, los beneficios a la salud, al ambiente y a los gastos por la compra y aplicación de herbicidas.
Elaboración de películas de almidón con partículas de Cu/TiO2-ZrO2 para la reducción de nitroarenos
Authors: Alcocer-Flores Cristian , Guzmán-Castro Eduardo , Segoviano-Morales Luis Eduardo , González-Rodríguez Valeria Estefania , Jiménez-Martínez Hugo Josué , Cevada-Ayala Marcos David , Rangel-Porras Gustavo , Quiroga-Almaguer Adán Ulises
Published: January 2025

El presente proyecto consistió en la elaboración de catalizadores de cobre soportados en óxidos mixtos de TiO2-ZrO2 e inmovilizados en películas poliméricas de almidón. Dichos materiales fueron usados en la reacción de reducción de nitroarenos presentes en medio acuoso a amino compuestos. Lo anterior con la finalidad de su posible aplicación en la remediación de sistemas acuáticos contaminados. La reducción química de nitrofenol sobre catalizadores de cobre se ha reportado anteriormente por el grupo de trabajo; sin embargo, una de las principales dificultades es que los polvos obtenidos quedan dispersados o suspendidos en la solución del medio, dificultando en ocasiones el seguimiento de la reacción, así como su posterior separación, la cual se realiza por centrifugación. Por lo anterior, se ha planteado la necesidad de inmovilizar dichos polvos en una matriz polimérica, por lo que se probaron las películas de almidón, proveniente de maíz o plátano. Los materiales fueron caracterizados por técnicas de difracción de rayos-X, microscopía electrónica de barrido, espectroscopía infrarroja y análisis termogravimétrico.
Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la clasificación automática de imágenes médicas
Authors: Guzman Loreto Gustavo Rafael , Durán Reyes Esther , Robles Sauceda Carlos Abraham , Gonzales Guzman Leonardo , Tavera Rocha Christian Agustín , Guzman Cabrera Rafael
Published: January 2025

En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un clasificador automático para imágenes de ultrasonido mamario, diferenciando entre tejidos benignos, malignos y normales. Utilizando una base de datos pública, se mejoraron las imágenes mediante ecualización del histograma, y se emplearon segmentaciones expertas para aislar los tumores. Características clave como la irregularidad de la forma y las microcalcificaciones fueron cuantificadas y usadas en un algoritmo de mínimos cuadrados para la clasificación. Los resultados sugieren explorar clasificadores más avanzados y mejorar la segmentación para reducir errores.
Oportunidades de ahorro y uso eficiente de energía eléctrica en edificios antiguos e históricos
Authors: Martínez Patiño Jesús , Ruelas Cárdenas Itzel Alejandra , Servín Montenegro Martha Naomi , Landeros Salazar Karla Mónica
Published: January 2025

Los edificios antiguos pueden tener la característica de ser históricos por una o múltiples situaciones, por lo que, en su análisis de consumo de energía eléctrica y propuesta de ahorro y uso eficiente de la electricidad, es necesario tener en cuenta estas dos condiciones: antiguo e histórico. Este análisis energético debe considerar vejez de la instalación eléctrica y de los equipos-dispositivos que consumen electricidad, por lo que se percibe un potencial de reducción de este energético. A través del presente trabajo se abordan las características de este tipo de inmuebles y las áreas de mejora en el ámbito eléctrico, cuidando de manera especial las condiciones de infraestructura, diseño arquitectónico y, en determinados casos, bienes de arte al interior de los edificios antiguos e históricos. Con el caso de estudio se realizan propuestas de mejora que logran alcanzar porcentajes de reducción de electricidad, además de mejorar la seguridad eléctrica del inmueble.
Búsqueda de nuevos compuestos con actividad fungicida contra Candida spp.
Authors: Rodríguez-Rivas Ariadna Paola , Salgado-Rodriguez Andrea Jackeline , Vázquez-González Karol Elizabeth , Gómez-Gaviria Manuela , Mora-Montes Héctor Manuel
Published: January 2025

En los últimos años, las infecciones fúngicas han aumentado de forma alarmante, tanto en incidencia como en gravedad. De las más de 150 especies de Candida, menos de 10 son responsables de infecciones importantes en humanos. La capacidad de Candida para alternar entre formas de pseudohifas e hifas verdaderas está estrechamente relacionada con su potencial patógeno. Aunque existe una gama de medicamentos antifúngicos para el tratamiento de la candidiasis, las especies de relevancia clínica han demostrado ser resistentes a estos, dificultado su tratamiento. Dentro de los mecanismos de resistencia más conocidos se encuentran mutaciones en el gen ERG11, sobreexpresión de bombas de eflujo, modificaciones en la biosíntesis de esteroles y alteraciones en los glucanos de la pared celular. Teniendo en cuenta esta información, es necesario continuar con la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para tratar la candidiasis. En este trabajo, se analizó la susceptibilidad y resistencia de 10 especies de Candida al ponerse en interacción con siete compuestos con posible actividad antifúngica. Utilizando el ensayo de microdilución para levaduras M27-A3 se encontró que los diferentes compuestos analizados resultaron tener un efecto negativo sobre el crecimiento de la mayoría de las especies estudiadas, excepto C. guilliermondii. Estos resultados sugieren que los compuestos ITX-1, JOD-1, JOD-2, JOD-3, EGL-7, AAP-8 y CON-11 podrían tener un gran potencial terapéutico contra Candida spp.
Detección de Listeria spp. en leche mediante un método de amplificación isotérmica
Authors: Mendoza Valerio Angela P. , Martínez Zavala Sheila A. , Barboza Corona José E.
Published: January 2025

La Listeriosis es una enfermedad transmitida por alimentos (ETA) causada por Listeria monocytogenes que puede provocar grandes cuadros clínicos. Los alimentos contaminados incluyen leche sin pasteurizar, carne y pescado crudos. En México, la falta de estadísticas limita el control epidemiologico, a diferencia de Estados Unidos, donde la listeriosis es la tercera causa de muerte por ETA, subrayando la necesidad de detección eficaces. Los métodos tradicionales requieren hasta 4 días para obtener resultados, mientras que técnicas moleculares como la PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) y LAMP (amplificación isotérmica mediante bucle) ofrecen resultados rápidos y específicos. En este trabajo se desarrolló un método de detección visual basado en LAMP para la detección de L. monocytogenes y L. innocua en leche utilizando oligonucleótidos que amplifican para la región V2-V3 del ADNr 16S. La amplificación se realizó utilizando el reactivo WarmStart Colorimetric (New England Biolabs), se determinó que la temperatura óptima de reacción es 64.1°C, y la detección puede ser visualizada desde los 60 min. Al desarrollar curvas de calibración para L. monocytogenes y L. innocua e inocular artificialmente con 1X109 UFC/mL leche pasteurizada y cruda, se detectó la presencia de Listeria spp. utilizando como templado un protocolo de extracción sencillo basado en la disrupción celular por ebullición.
Convertidor electrónico de potencia universal para redes eléctricas inteligentes
Authors: Lozano García José Merced , Campos Bustamante Eduardo , Vázquez Conejo Daniela , Zendejas Lerma Vianey Guadalupe , Dzul Pacheco José Miguel , Oros Barrón Antonio , Vargas Silva Ana Alejandra
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se presenta el análisis operativo de un convertidor matricial (CM) trifásico capaz de realizar de manera independiente y simultánea operaciones de rectificación, inversión, conversión y acondicionamiento de energía, sin modificar su topología. Mediante simulaciones dinámicas realizadas con la herramienta Simulink del software Matlab®, se determinaron las condiciones bajo las cuales el CM es capaz de operar con distintas configuraciones de fuentes de energía en CA y CD, para suministrar energía a cargas alternas y de corriente directa, abarcando las configuraciones posibles de conversión de energía, de ahí el término de convertidor universal. El desarrollo de un convertidor que en una misma topología maneje los distintos tipos de conversión de energía puede derivar en un ahorro considerable, además de facilitar la implementación de control dentro de las redes eléctricas inteligentes. Para evaluar la efectividad de la estrategia de modulación vectorial empleada en el CM se implementaron distintos casos de estudio, simulando la inclusión de fuentes renovables de energía como paneles fotovoltaicos (fuentes en CD) y aerogeneradores (fuentes en CA), para el suministro de cargas de nivel residencial. A partir de los resultados generados es posible verificar el buen desempeño del convertidor implementado.
Preparation and characterization of the nanoparticles of pure zinc sulfide (ZnS NPs) and doped with silver (ZnS:Ag NPs) by green method using ascorbic acid
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Ulwali R. A. , Abbas N. K. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2025

Pure zinc sulfide nanoparticles and doped with silver (0.5,1,1.5,2.5, and 3.5) % wt. were
prepared by green method. The structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction
technology(XRD). The diffraction patterns showed the particles were crystalline and had a
zinc-blend structure with different average grain size. The surface topography was
investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), it was found the shape is
spherical and had different nanosized. Chemical purity was studied using Energy Dispersive
X-ray Spectroscopy(EDX), the results showed the appearance of basic elements (Zn, S) and
silver. The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) showed functional
groups belonging to ascorbic acid, zinc, and sulfur. The topography and surface roughness
were studied using an Atomic Force Microscope, it was found the particles have spherical
shapes, roughness values, and various average grain sizes. The optical properties were
studied using ultraviolet -visible light spectroscopy (UV-Vis), where the absorption
spectrum showed strong distortions towards the ultraviolet region and a large value of
optical energy gap compared with raw material.
Pressure induced structural, anisotropy and thermal characteristics of MgIn2S4
Authors:   Yancheng KinderGarten Teachers College, Yancheng, 224051, China, Pu L. M. , Pei S. G. ,   Yancheng KinderGarten Teachers College, Yancheng, 224051, China, Tang X. H. ,   Yancheng KinderGarten Teachers College, Yancheng, 224051, China, Yin Z. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China, Hou H. J. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China, Guo H. L. ,   College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408000, Chongqing, China
Published: January 2025

The structural parameter, elastic anisotropy, and thermal properties of cubic MgIn2S4 under
pressures is examined using first principles techniques. The determined lattice constant
exhibits a high level of concurrence with the values reported in existing literature. Based
on the mechanical characteristics, there is an observed enhancement in both ductility and
anisotropy of MgIn2S4 under increased pressure. The investigation focuses on the thermal
characteristics, encompassing the impact of temperature and pressure on key parameters
such as Debye temperature, Grüneisen constant et al.
Study of CdSe thin films using the spectroscopic ellipsometry method
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, AZ-7000, Azerbaijan, Ibrahimova L.N. , Ahmadova Kh. N. ,   c Institute of Physics, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ-1143, Azerbaijan, Aliyev M. E. ,   Nakhchivan State University, Nakhchivan, AZ-7012, Azerbaijan, Aliyev Y.I. ,   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Baku, AZ-1000, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2025

In this research, we investigated the optical properties of CdSe thin films on glass substrates
using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The samples were analysed using an M-2000 rotation
compensator spectroscopic ellipsometer at room temperature, covering a photon energy
range of 1.5-7.0 eV. We used an appropriate dispersion model to obtain the spectral
dispersion of the optical constants. We calculated the thickness, dielectric permittivity (real
and imaginary parts), refraction, and extinction coefficients of the thin layers. The results
showed high transparency that varied with the size of the CdSe thin films. Additionally, we
determined the bandgap width for samples with thicknesses of 350 nm and 400 nm, which
were produced using the chemical deposition method.
Influence of neodymium doping on radiation shielding properties of yttrium lead borotellurite glass system
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, 35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia, Nasuha M. R. S. , Azhan H. ,   Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka Branch, Jasin Campus, 77300 Merlimau, Melaka, Malaysia, Hasnimulyati L. ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia, Razali W. A. W. ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia, Norihan Y. ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

The need for effective shielding materials has grown as radiation-based technologies have
been more widely used. Glasses doped with rare earth elements like neodymium oxide, are
promising candidates due to their enhanced radiation attenuation properties. Using Phy-X
software, this research examines how neodymium oxide doping affects the shielding
properties of yttrium lead borotellurite glass. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous
structure, while density measurements showed increased density with neodymium oxide
addition. The Phy-X software calculated radiation shielding parameters for gamma energies
from 10⁻³ to 10⁵ MeV. The results demonstrate that neodymium oxide improves gamma
irradiation attenuation and enhances the glass system's radiation shielding capabilities.
Sensing of nanostructured CdS thin films via several solution concentrations
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Jasim R. I. , Hadi E. H. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Mansour A. A. ,   Ministry of Education, Directorate of Education Baghdad Governorate, Al-Karkh third, Iraq, Hussein S. A. ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Manara College for Medical Science, Iraq, Chiad S. S. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Habubi N. F. ,   Department of Radiology Technologies, Al-Nukhba, University College, Baghdad 10013, Iraq, Kadhim Y. H. ,   Department of Optics Techniques, College of Haelth and Medical Techniques, AL-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq, Jadan M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Published: January 2025

Using chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods and various molarities, nanostructured CdS
thin films were developed. XRD assured that these films were cubic polycrystalline,
containing larger grains as the solution's concentration of cadmium ions increased.
Dislocation density values dropped from 79.32 to 62.90 as a result, nevertheless. Also, the
strain is lowered from 30.88 to 27.50. AFM results demonstrate that these films suffer a
decrease in the value of average particle size, root mean square, and roughness with the
molarity concentration. SEM images show CdS thin films at various molarities (0.10, 0.15,
0.20) M, indicating reduced grain size with increased concentration. The optical
characteristics indicate a large band gap decreases from 2.46 eV to 2.34 eV and a high
transmittance in the visible portion of the spectrum of more than 97.5%. The Refractive
Index value changed from 3.23 to 3.11 as the content of cadmium ions increased. CdS films
show p-type behavior, reducing resistance with NO2 gas, influenced by molar concentration.
The sensitivity of CdS films to NO2 shows a decrement with increased molar concentrations.
Simulated radiation shielding parameter for energy 1 keV-100 GeV of lead-free borotellurite based glass for nuclear medicine application
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Pusat Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia, Rozi N. F. , Hasnimulyati L. ,   Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Pusat Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia, Azuraida A. ,   Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

This paper studies on the theoretical ionizing radiation shielding parameter for the glass of
{[(TeO2)0.7 (B2O3)0.3]0.7 [ZnO]0.3}1-x {CeO2}x by using two software; WinXCOM and PhyX software, which investigate the ability of cerium oxide. The investigation revealed that
the 5CeZBTe glass sample, which included the greatest concentration of CeO2 (0.05 mol),
showed the greatest linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and least values in Half Value
Layer (HVL) and Mean Free Path (MFP). These results suggest that 5CeZBTe glass has
significant potential as an alternative to traditional lead-based radiation shielding, offering
a safer environment for both patients and healthcare professionals in medical settings.
The effect of aluminum doping on nanostructured CdS: optical, structural and sensing characterization
Authors:   Department of Optometry, Technical Medical Institute - Al-Mansur, Middle Technical University, Iraq, Shakir H. R. , Chichan O. A. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Iraq., Sada M.  S. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Masan, Iraq., Hussein S. A. ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Manara College for Medical Science, Iraq, Chiad S. S. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Habubi N. F . ,   Department of Radiation and Sonar Technologies, Alnukhba University College, Iraq, Kadhim Y. H. ,   Department of Optics Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, AL-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq, Jadan M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Published: January 2025

CdS, and CdS: Al were grown onto glass bases via Chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). XRD
analysis of CdS films indicates a polycrystalline hexagonal structure with a predominant
orientation of the (101) plane. The strain decreased from 28.55 to 25.66, and the grain size
of undoped CdS films was around (13.51–12.14) nm as Al content rose. According to the
results of AFM, CdS, CdS:2% Al, and CdS:4% Al all exhibit smooth surfaces with
decreasing particle size in the range of (78.46), (69.75), and (42.20) nm, respectively. The
root-mean-square roughness values for CdS and CdS:4% Al were 12.41 nm and 3.38 nm.
According to AFM image, the surface roughness of CdS to CdS:4% Al were (9.74-5.16)
nm. SEM images depict CdS films transitioning from flat islands (Undoped CdS) to uniform
spherical nano-grains with Al doping. The result shows a decrease in absorption coefficient
as Al content increased. The optical bandgap increased from (2.35-2.51) eV after doping.
Results show that the extinction coefficient and refractive index are influenced by Al
content. CdS film detects NO2 gas by resistance increase, impacted by Aluminum doping.
Sensitivity decreases with an increase in Al doping in CdS films.
Effect of lead and zinc composition on the optical and structural characteristics of PbZnS thin films fabricated by spray pyrolysis
Authors:   Engineering of Physics Department, Gaziantep University, 27200 Gaziantep/Turkey, Çelik S. , Temiz M. ,   University of Selcuk Karapınar Aydoganlar Vocational School, 42400 Konya/Turkey
Published: January 2025

In this study, PbZnS thin films with varying concentrations of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were
successfully produced using the spray pyrolysis method. The structural, optical and surface
properties of the films were systematically investigated as a function of the Pb/Zn ratio. Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films, showing a
cubic zinc blende structure with improved crystallinity as Pb content increased. Initially,
with the increase in Pb concentration, larger crystallite sizes and decreased microstress were
observed, but with the increase of Pb addition, the formation of secondary phases and the
emergence of lattice distortions caused a decrease in grain size and an increase in
microstress. Optical measurements showed a tunable bandgap in the range of 3.25 eV to
1.30 eV as Pb content increased. The narrowing of the bandgap is attributed to the lower
energy gap of PbS compared to ZnS, which allows for enhanced absorption of longerwavelength light, especially in the visible and near-infrared regions. These findings
highlight the potential of PbZnS thin films for optoelectronic applications, where the ability
to tune the bandgap and enhance absorption through compositional adjustments is crucial
for optimizing device performance. The surface morphology of the PbZnS thin films was
analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images showed notable
changes in grain size and surface roughness as Pb content increased, with larger grains and
a more distinct surface structure observed in films with higher Pb concentrations. This work
demonstrates the versatility of spray pyrolysis in fabricating thin films with controllable
properties, offering valuable insights for future applications in energy conversion
technologies, including solar cells and photodetectors.
Affordable excellence: unveiling the potential of graphitic carbon-based counter electrodes for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors:   Department of Physics, Dhanauri P.G. College, Dhanauri, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 247667, India, Sharma N. , Mittal M. ,   Department of Physics, Dhanauri P.G. College, Dhanauri, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 247667, India, Saini A. ,   Department of Chemistry, Dhanauri P.G. College, Dhanauri, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 247667, India, Singh P. ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad 201206, India, Kumari A. ,   Department of Physics, S. V. College, Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh State University, Aligarh, 202140, India, Kumar A. ,   Department of Physics, Government College for Women, Badhra, Charkhi Dadri, Haryana 127308 (India), Jangra P. K. ,   Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women, Badhra, Charkhi Dadri, Haryana 127308, India, Tiwari P. ,   Department of Physical Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India, Choudhary S. ,   Department of Physics, Constituent Government Degree College, Richha Baheri, Bareilly, 243201, India, Verma A. S. ,   Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
Published: January 2025

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative energy
technology due to their minimal material requirements and straightforward production
process, enabling efficient performance even under low-light conditions. Traditionally,
high-performance DSSCs utilize platinum as the counter electrode. However, the high cost
of platinum necessitates the development of more affordable counter electrodes that can
match or surpass platinum-based counter electrodes (CEs) in conversion efficiency. This
study investigates the synthesis and application of various cost-effective counter electrodes,
including candle flame carbon soot, pencil lead graphite, and CS-coated PLG, in highefficiency DSSCs. For comparison, a platinum-based counter electrode is used as a
benchmark. The working electrode comprises TiO2 on Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide
substrates. The DSSCs fabricated with counter electrodes such as PLG, CS, and CS-coated
PLG exhibit efficiencies of approximately 6.2%, 3.5%, and 8.5%, respectively, compared
to 10.8% for the Pt-based counter electrode. Reduced series resistance contributes to an
improved Fill Factor and increased conversion efficiency. Furthermore, impedance
spectroscopy reveals higher capacitance at the CE/electrolyte interface, enhancing charge
collection efficiency and electron lifetime. Thus, the potential for significant improvement
in conversion efficiency makes low-cost PLG and carbon-based electrodes a highly
attractive alternative to Pt-based electrodes.
Properties regulation of carbon paper through incorporating lignin-based carbon nanofibers
Authors:   a School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China, Dai J. H , Shen C. H. ,   a School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China, Tian Q. Q. ,   Hangzhou Kewan New Materials Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311300, China, Liu X. G ,   a School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China, Gao S. M. ,   a School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China, Li J. ,   a School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China, Tong X. ,   a School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Published: January 2025

Carbon paper is commonly used as one of the electrode materials in batteries, where its main
function is to serve as a conductive material, providing a channel for electron transport, and
also helping to improve the conductivity and stability of the battery. Therefore, it is
necessary to study how to improve the performance of carbon paper. This study aims to
enhance the performance of carbon paper used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
(PEMFCs) by incorporating lignin-based carbon nanofibers (CNFs). We investigated the
effects of different process flows, papermaking methods, and the addition amount of ligninbased carbon fibers on the performance of carbon paper. The research indicates that using
the wet papermaking method and the process of electrospinning, impregnation and hot
pressing, addition of lignin nanofibers, pre-oxidation, impregnation and hot pressing, and
carbonization can yield carbon paper with the best overall performance. The tensile strength
is 9.4 mPa, the flexural strength is 390 mPa, the air permeability is 1320 L/m²/s, and the
resistivity is 15 mΩ/cm. This significantly improves its mechanical strength, air permeability,
and electrical conductivity, making it a promising material for PEMFCs.
Study regarding the compatibility between cellulose acetate (CA) and ZnO nanoparticles in polymeric membrane structures using functionalized m-phenylenediamine
Authors:   Petroleum-Gas University of Ploieşti, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Ploieşti, Băjan M. , Cursaru D. L. ,   Petroleum-Gas University of Ploieşti, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Ploieşti
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effects of functionalized m-phenylenediamine (m-PDA-f) on the
structure of cellulose acetate (CA) polymeric membranes enhanced with zinc oxide
nanoparticles (ZnO). The membranes were prepared by dissolving cellulose acetate in an
aprotic solvent, followed by a phase inversion process. The addition of m-PDA-f facilitates
the formation of bridges between the cellulose acetate and ZnO nanoparticles. This is
confirmed by FTIR analysis, which reveals a shift in the wavenumber of 3 to 5 cm⁻¹,
highlighting an increase in the number of hydrogen bonds formed. Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) confirms the enhanced stability of the membranes, with a significant
increase in the thermal decomposition temperature: from 235 °C for pure cellulose acetate
to 285 °C for the composite containing ZnO and the functionalized polymer. Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals lower enthalpy values for the membranes where mPDA-f is present alongside ZnO. Furthermore, the best hydrophilicity was observed in the
CA – m-PDA-f – ZnO membranes, exhibiting a contact angle of 34 degrees for water
droplets, compared to 51 degrees for the membrane without the functionalized polymer.
This demonstrates an increase in compatibility between the polymer and the nanomaterial
through the formation of additional stable bonds.
Synthesis and characterization of Cu2O and CuO nanoparticles in distilled water using electrochemical process
Authors:   Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand, Krobthong S. , Umma K. ,   Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand, Rungsawang T. ,   Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand, Mirian T. ,   Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand, Wongrerkdee S. ,   Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand, Nilphai S. ,   Physics Program, Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Roi Et Rajabhat University, Roi Et 45120, Thailand, Hongsith K. ,   Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Choopun S. ,   Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Tak, Tak 63000, Thailand, Wongrerkdee S. ,   Faculty of Education, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit 53000, Thailand, Raktham C. ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand, Pimpang P.
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of metal oxide semiconductors has garnered considerable attention due to
their wide-ranging applications in fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, and
photovoltaics. This study presents the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in
distilled water through a two-probe electrochemical process at varying applied voltages.
The synthesized copper oxide NPs exhibited a color spectrum from light to dark brown,
suggesting the formation of copper oxide in the distilled water. Preliminary observations
utilizing the Tyndall effect with a red laser light confirmed the colloidal nature of the
solution. Photoluminescence emissions highlighted the semiconducting properties of the
synthesized copper oxide NPs. The copper oxide NPs exhibited small size into quantum
dots (QDs) at lower applied voltages, whereas higher voltages produced larger sizes. The
appearance of ring-like patterns suggested a polycrystalline structure, which was further
corroborated by selected area electron diffraction analysis, confirming the crystalline
structure of Cu2O at low voltages and CuO at higher voltages. This study, therefore,
demonstrates a straightforward method for synthesizing copper oxide using a two-probe
electrochemical process, with the potential to produce QD and NP structures by
modulating the applied voltage
The green combustion technique for synthesizing CuO nanoparticles with an extract from Azadirachta indica seeds: potential anticancer and photocatalytic studies using organic dye
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, BIST, Chennai-73, Tamil Nadu, India, Kalaivani P. , Mathubala G. ,   Professor and Head, Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, BIST, Chennai-73, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: January 2025

The present study highlights the biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles employing an A. indica
seed extract and copper sulphate solution by combustion technique. The extract's
phytocomponents facilitated the reduction process and the formation of copper oxide
nanoparticles (CuONPs). TEM, SEM, FTIR, X-ray diffractometry, XPS, and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy were used to analyse the pure CuONPs. X-ray diffractometers
characterized the CuONPs produced, demonstrating a 12 nm mean particle size. Cu-O
stretching vibration bands were detected at 532 cm−1 in the FT-IR spectrum. In UV-vis, the
CuO nanoparticles' optical band gaps were at 2.75 eV, with a maximum absorption
wavelength of 232 nm. SEM and HRTEM were used to examine the CuONPs; they
displayed spherical and undefined shapes with mean sizes of 17.4 nm. The pollution dye
rhodamine B was used to test the CuONPs photocatalytic activity. In the presence of
sunlight, a remarkable 85% degradation efficiency was attained in 60 minutes, and a
degradation constant of k (0.9194 min-1) was observed. This suggests that Azardirachta
indica seed extract-derived green-synthesized CuONPs have potential uses in
photocatalysis. Furthermore, in the MTT assay method against human renal
adenocarcinoma cancer cells, the CuO NPs showed strong anticancer activity, with 5 mg/mL
as the lowest IC50 value. This novel green method has demonstrated copper oxide
nanoparticle synthesis is a very successful and cost-effective pollutant adsorption technique
for treating wastewater.
The co-modification of C3N4 by Pt single atom and cluster improves the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering and Transportation, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China, Wu C. Q. , Ni G. H. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering and Transportation, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China, Zhang X. Q ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China, Yan W. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China
Published: January 2025

Photocatalytic hydrogen production is a kind of green hydrogen production technology.
C3N4 semiconductor photocatalysis has attracted researchers' attention because of its nontoxic, harmless, and low-cost advantages. However, the low activity and carrier separation
efficiency of the C3N4 photocatalyst are still unsatisfactory. In this study, the original C3N4
catalyst for H2 production was improved by incorporating Pt single atoms and clusters as
cocatalysts in a simple oil bath. The catalyst with the best activity, Pt/C3N4-7, exhibited a
hydrogen production performance of 28.2 mmol/g/h, with an apparent quantum yield of 21.2%
at a wavelength of 420 nm. It is 282 times and 3 times that of the original C3N4 and Pt
nanoparticles-modified C3N4, respectively. The excellent electrical conductivity of Pt
enhances the electron transfer between the triazine rings in C3N4 and the absorbance.
Reducing carrier recombination and improving interlayer electron transfer significantly
improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.
Tailoring the optoelectronic properties of BBi alloys: a computational study of BBi1-xPx and BBi1-xAsx
Authors:   UDERZA Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of El-Oued, Algeria, Meneceur R. , Boukhari A. ,   UDERZA Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of El-Oued, Algeria, Megdoud Y. ,   Institute of Sciences, University Center of Tipaza, Algeria, Tairi L. ,   Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O. Box 64, Cheraga16014 Algiers, Algeria, Benkrima Y. ,   Ecole Normale Superieure de Ouargla 30000 Algeria
Published: January 2025

This study conducted on BBi, BP, and BAs, along with their ternary alloys BBi1−x Px and
BBi1-xAsx, utilizes the density functional theory. This method is chosen for its ability to
accurately assess the fundamental properties of materials. Particularly, the analysis
incorporates the (mBJ) Method and the WC-GGA Approximation for correlation potential
[37]. Throughout the investigation, the zinc blende phase consistently emerges as the most
stable structure. This finding underscores the stability and prevalence of this crystal structure
across the studied alloys. The structural parameters exhibit a subtle deviation from linear
Vegard’s law. Ground state parameters for these materials are found to be in close with
both existing theoretical predictions and experimental observations. This agreement
ascertains the accuracy of the computational approach used in this study. The study also
systematically calculates and analyzes optical properties concerning incident photon energy,
and provides insights into how these materials interact with light, which is essential for
various applications ranging from optoelectronics to photovoltaics.
Modification in the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by H ions implantation on TiO2 photoanode
Authors:   Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan, Irfan M. , Khan M. I. ,   Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan, Ikram-ul-Haq I ,   Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan, Ahmad I. ,   Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA, Shahid W. ,   Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan, Ahmad I. ,   Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Moussa Ihab M. ,   Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia, Mumtaz S. ,   Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
Published: January 2025

The sol-gel approach was utilized to synthesize the pure TiO2 films. Hydrogen ions are
irradiated on these synthesized films with a flow rate of 2x1013, 2x1014 and 2x1015 ionscm-2, and the beams are accelerated at 700 KeV. The XRD analysis confirmed the
tetragonal structure of TiO2. The high grain size is observed at 2x1014 ions/cm2
. UVvisible spectroscopy showed that films are highly transparent to visible light and hydrogen
ions produces a red shift in the absorbance peak. The low value of Eg is observed at 2x1014
ions/cm2
. The calculated value of conduction band edges gave suitable information of the
behavior of free charge carriers in the solar cells. PL analysis showed that the
recombination rate reduced, which will enhance the dye-sensitized solar cells' efficiency.
DSSCs have been prepared with these films. The EIS results indicate the resistance in the
transportation of charges across the interfaces reduces. Via current voltage J-V analysis,
open circuit voltage Voc, short circuit current density Jsc and fill factor FF were improved
with the H-irradiation process at 2x1014 ions/cm2 fluence rate, resulting in maximum
photoconversion efficiency of 4.05%.