bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of four apicultural products for hive colonization by honey bees (Apis mellifera adansonii) (Hymenoptera: apidae) and pre-colonization pests.
Authors:   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, Babarinde SA , Olaleke SA , Adebayo TA , Olaifa JI , Akinyemi AO ,   Osun State University, Nigeria
Published: January 2022

Four apicultural products (honey, bee wax, slum gum and propolis) were evaluated for their potentials to attract the African honey bee ( Apis mellifera adansonii ) colony into artificial hives and their effect on infestation by apicultural insect pests. Ten grammes each of propolis, bee wax and slum gum and 10 ml of honey were applied at the flight entrance, walls of the hives and on the top bars. Data were collected on type and number of pre -colonization pests, hive colonization, colony weight gain, weight of matured harvested combs and weight of extracted honey from the harvested combs. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using analysis of variance and means were separated with Tukeys’ HSD at 5% level of probability. Slum gum -baited hives were the first to be colonized (10 days post hive installation) (DPI), followed by bee wax (26.5 DPI). Bee wax however had the highest percentage hive colonization (66.67%) which was not significantly (P>0.05) different from 33.33% observed in other apicultural products. Weight gain on weekly basis did not follow a regular pattern for 2- 10 weeks after colonization (WAC); but at 12 -16 WAC, hives baited with bee wax had the highest weekly weight gain. In terms of total harvest, the performance of the different baiting materials was as follows: slum gum > bee wax > honey > propolis. However, percentage honey yield was highest in hives bai ted with bee wax and lowest in propolis -baited hives. The two pests encountered at the pre- colonization stage were waiver ant ( Oecophylla longinuda ) and sugar ant ( Camponotus consobrinus ). O. longinuda was significantly (P<0.05) highest (17.33) in honey baited hives than any other baiting material at 2 DPI. Slum gum and honey attracted more sugar ants at 2- 4 DPI than bee wax. At 3 DPI, O. longinuda was significantly (P<0.05) higher in slum gum than bee wax; but the later performed better with significantly lower level of pre -colonization pest infestation.
Effects of sucrose and vegetable oil on properties of native cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch-based edible films
Authors:   University Nangui Abrogoua (former University of Abobo-Adjamé), Côte d’Ivoire, Nindjin C , Beyrer M ,   University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Switzerland, Amani GN ,   University Nangui Abrogoua (former University of Abobo-Adjamé), Côte d’Ivoire
Published: January 2022

Biopolymer films and coatings from polysaccharides, proteins and lipids, formulated either with one or more components have the potential to control mass transfer and thus extend food shelf life. Due to the increase in the price of starches from traditional sources (such as corn), native or modified cassava starch has been recently considered as an economic alternative for the food industry. In this study, the effects of sucrose and vegetable oil as natural, cheaper and available plasticizer and moisture barrier material, on optical, mechanical and water barrier properties of cassava starch-based films were analyzed. Visual appearance and the polarized light microscopy data revealed that oil made the film opaque, and larger oil droplets were formed as sucrose content increased. The modification of the starch network, when sucrose was used at higher concentrations (15-20%), in combination with oil, weakened mechanical and water barrier properties. The behaviour of sucrose added to aqueous starch solution, in combination with oil, favored a development of larger droplets observed by polar microscopy, and which made the film matrix discontinuous and irregular. The heterogeneity of the film structure made the composite films fragile and facilitated water vapor diffusion. However, the film formulations containing low sucrose concentration (≤ 10 %) and an oil content of 10%, significantly reduced water vapor permeability, in comparison to film without oil. The formulations of composite film with low content of sucrose (≤ 10 %) showed smaller lipidic droplets and a structure more homogeneous by polar microscopy. Film thickness increased with total solid content in film matrix, and this effect was significantly pronounced as higher sucrose content (15-20%) was present with added vegetable oil. In addition to the linking with total solid content, this study revealed that, the thickness of films depends on reordering of molecular chains to form a more compact matrix in composite starch films, and this results in further increase film thickness. The composite films, thicker than the film control, were less cohesive due to less affinity between matrix components, and this resulted in anti-plastifiant behaviour of sucrose. Thus, sucrose used at higher levels, in combination with oil, induced negative effects on mechanical and water barrier properties of polysaccharide film. This study revealed the impact of the nature of molecular interactions on the structural characteristics and functional properties of composite matrix.
Międzynarodowe standardy praktyki zawodowej audytu wewnętrznego – uwagi o ich wdrażaniu w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Walenia Alina
Published: January 2022

Celem artykułu jest ocena stosowania Międzynarodowych standardów praktyki zawodowej audytu wewnętrznego w procesie organizacji i czynnościach audytowych w jednostkach sektora finansów publicznych. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie wybranej grupy standardów, szczególnie istotnych w procesie sprawności i efektywności czynności audytowych. Wprowadzone standardy wyznaczają ramowe zasady wykonywania i upowszechniania szerokiego zakresu usług audytu wewnętrznego, przysparzających organizacji wartości dodanej. Ponadto celem standardów jest stworzenie podstaw do oceny działalności audytu wewnętrznego, a tym samym przyczynienie się do usprawniania procesów i działalności operacyjnej organizacji. Audyt wewnętrzny jest jednym z kluczowych elementów niezbędnych do właściwego zarządzania organizacją, w tym jednostką sektora finansów publicznych. Według definicji The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) audyt wewnętrzny jest niezależną działalnością doradczą i weryfikującą, której celem jest usprawnienie operacyjne organizacji i wniesienie do niej wartości dodanej. Audyt wewnętrzny wspomaga organizację w osiąganiu jej celów poprzez systematyczne i metodyczne podejście do oceny i doskonalenia procesów zarządzania ryzykiem i organizacją oraz kontroli.
Engaging Technology: A Missing Link in the Sociological Study of Human Knowing and Acting
Authors: Prus Robert , Mitchell Richard G.
Published: January 2022

Whereas technology has been the focus of much discourse in both public theatres and sociological arenas, comparatively little attention has been given to the study of the ways that people actually deal with technology as realms of human knowing and acting.Working from a symbolic interactionist perspective (Mead 1934; Blumer 1969) and drawing on classical Greek scholarship as well as some interim sources, this paper addresses technology as a humanly engaged process.Attending to human group life as "something in the making" and focusing on the activities entailed in encountering, using, developing, promoting, obtaining, and resisting instances of technology, this paper outlines a research agenda intended to foster situated (i.e. ethnographic) examinations of technologically-engaged, humanly enacted realities. It also serves as a reference point for assembling and comparing studies of the technology process that deal with this set of activities.
Somnium Taruffi
Authors: Tuzet Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Il lavoro presenta e discute dialogicamente l’ultimo libro di Michele Taruffo, Verso la decisione giusta (2020), concentrandosi soprattutto sui temi della verità, del ragionamento probatorio e della “decisione giusta” per come intesa da Taruffo. In particolare, vengono poste in luce alcune differenze nei modi di intendere questi temi e viene suggerito che, fra le varie dimensioni della decisione giudiziale, non può essere trascurata quella retorica. Il lavoro è diviso in sezioni che grosso modo corrispon-dono alle parti del libro e si sviluppa in forma di dialogo sulla base di un singolare sogno (“Somnium Taruffi”) le cui figure citano letteralmente i passi del libro in questione.
Razones epistémicas y no epistémicas en la admisión de la prueba testifical en el proceso Penal Peruano
Authors: Limay Chavez Raquel
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo se enfoca en el análisis de las razones epistémicas y no epistémicas de las reglas de admisión de la prueba testimonial en el Código Procesal Penal de 2004. Las primeras atienden al reconocimiento del principio de relevancia como criterio rector de admisión probatoria, que implica que se incorpore todo testimonio que contribuya al esclarecimiento de los hechos. Las segundas, orientadas a la protección de valores distintos que se constituyen en la base para excluir testimonios relevantes, serán evaluadas a fin de determinar si están adecuadamente justificadas. Se plantea una propuesta de regulación de la prueba testimonial acorde a los fines epistémicos de la prueba.
Pericia genética: valoración y fiabilidad de la prueba de ADN en criminalística y en el Proceso Penal
Authors: Flores Clavo Rene , Paredes Miranda Brando Javier
Published: January 2022

Con el avance de los años, los procedimientos para la extracción de la huella de ADN se han ido uniformizando y detallando cada vez más en cuanto a su obtención, siendo que este tipo de prueba se ha eregido como una de las principales dentro del proceso desplazando, muchas veces en su utilización, a la prueba testimonial.No obstante, resulta importante verificar si la legislación actual ha ido avanzando acorde a los pasos de la ciencia y sobre todo analizar cuestiones en torno a su fiabilidad para probar determinados hechos delictivos.A continuación, se presenta una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva de carácter cualitativo en donde intentaremos hacer evidente la importancia de las pruebas de ADN y de la genética forense en materia del proceso penal. La ciencia avanza cada vez más y con ello también las técnicas que se usan en el análisis de la prueba de ADN, incorporándose así metodologías especializadas en la investigación de delitos. Los tribunales han reconocido que las pruebas de ADN pueden ser más confiables que los testigos presenciales, por lo tanto, todos estos avances hacen que los artículos de revisión sean necesarios e importantes para que podamos tener una valoración más precisa de lo que se presenta en una pericia genética.
Genetic Variation Studies for Flower Production, Abscission and Pollen Load in Advanced Lines of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Authors: . Mahmadshafi , Muniswamy S. , Khan Hasan , Girish G. , Ravikumar R. , Suma T.C.
Published: January 2022

Background: Flower bud/s, flower/s and fruit/pod/s abscission is one of the momentous bottlenecks in pulses in general and pigeonpea in particular, resulting in poor reproductive efficiency. Abscission occurs both before and after fertilization. Knowledge on nature and extent of genetic variation available in the genotypes help breeders for planning breeding programmes to identify genotypes that retain maximum flowers hence increase pod set. Methods: A total of 19 advanced stabilized breeding lines including 2 local checks (GRG-811 and TS-3R) were evaluated in randomized block design (RBD) with two replications in rain fed and irrigated condition at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Kalaburagi, during kharif 2018. Genetic variation for flower production, abscission and pollen load were studied and interpreted. Result: The genotypes viz., RIL-63, RIL-59, GRG-152 and KRG-224 showed good number of pods set per plant in rainfed condition and 3 Genotypes WRP-R-29-4, KRG-224 and ICPL-15017 in irrigated condition. The genotype KRG-224 Sets more pods under both conditions. Pollen grains load was more in undropped flower compared to dropped flower.
Expectations and Experience: Creating an Effective Remote Summer Undergraduate Research Program
Authors: Wimberly-Young Elizabeth , Morales Vanessa C. , Weaver Kathleen F.
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and the migration to online learning have presented unique challenges to undergraduate research, reducing opportunities to participate in highimpact practices, including in-person summer research programs. To mitigate some of these effects, Loyola Marymount University adapted its summer undergraduate research program, traditionally held as a six-week program on campus, to a remote structure. This article describes methods for migrating an existing program online and utilizes a mixed-methods approach to analyze student satisfaction and self-perceived changes in transferable knowledge and life skills and confidence in research ability. The data supported the hypothesis that a virtual summer research program can provide meaningful student research experiences, supportive relationships with faculty mentors, and an increase in students’ desire to pursue research opportunities in the future.
Modal Sosial dalam Pengelolaan Ekowisata Kampung Blekok di Desa Klatakan Kecamatan Kendit Kabupaten Situbondo
Authors: Rahmaniyah Nur Lailatur , Rokhani Rokhani
Published: January 2022

Klatakan village has a tourist spot-based ecotourism sector which is Blekok village. Blekok Village is managed by the Environmental Service Department of Situbondo, tourism awareness group, and village government. It is also supported by the local community and other parties. Thus, it shows  a cooperation among themselves which social capital is needed, like networks, trust, and social norms in managing Blekok Ecotourism village. The aim of this research is to describe the meaning and the types of social capital in managing Blekok ecotourism village. The method used in determining area of this research was purposive method. This research was a qualitative case study. In determining the research informants, purposive sampling method was used. Data were collected by interviews, observation, and documentation which were analyzed by the Miles and Huberman methods. The results of this research are: 1) Cooperation network of Tourism Awareness Group, Environmental Service, Village Government, community and outside parties; 2) Written norms in the form of income sharing, rental rates, prohibition of plastic waste, prohibition of selling the same product, period of support. Unwritten norms consist of exemption from entry ticket fees for employees and the Klatakan community, cleanliness, prohibition of selling expensive products, rules for working hours, distribution of parking fees, meeting attendance, being on time; 3) Trust goes well. However, there are still concerns because it is prone to fraud. The hope is to be more advanced, increase human resources, support in the form of facilities, play an active role, and can improve the economy. Interactions are work coordination, mutual assistance, communication, and job evaluation. Types of Social Capital are divided into 3, namely: 1) Bonding in the form of Mutual Value, kinship, and tolerance; 2) Bridging in the form of a Tourism Awareness Group bridging the community with outsiders, the Environment Service bridging the Tourism Awareness Group with outsiders; 3) Linking in the form of cooperation between the management and external parties.

Keywords : Ecotourism, Kampung Blekok (Blekok Village), Social Capital, Types of Social capital
Keikutsertaan Program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) di Pekon Tulung Agung Kecamatan Gadingrejo Kabupaten Pringsewu
Authors: Suari Maria Ditha Ayu , Gultom Dame Trully , Gitosaputro Sumaryo
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to : 1) knowing the adoption rate of the AUTP Program, 2) analyzing factocrs that affect the adoption rate of the AUTP Program, 3) knowing the obstacles faced by farmers in adopting the AUTP Program.  This study uses a survey methods on farmers who are members of farmers group and follow the AUTP Program.  Respondents to this study numbered 39 farmers.  Data analysis methods use descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.  The results of this study show that the adoption rate of the AUTP Program in Pekon Tulung Agung, Gadingrejo District, Pringsewu Regency belongs to the low category for the growing season indicators included, while for indicators of the area of insured land is still in the moderate category, factors that have a real effect on the adoption rate of the AUTP Program include the level of complexity of the AUTP Program, the social environmental influence of farmers, and the role of the extension as a facilitator.  The obstacles faced by farmers in adopting the AUTP Program lie at the time of registration and filing of claims.

Keyword: Adaption rate, AUTP Program
Indonesia’s National Strategic Project, Displacement, and the New Poverty
Authors: Aji Sekar Banjaran , Khudi Achmad Firas
Published: January 2022

The Government of Indonesia initiated the National Strategic Project comprising a wide range of infrastructure programs across the nation in 2016. The project is indicated by a set of supporting regulations and funding schemes. One of the project's supporting laws is Presidential Decree No. 56/2017 on the mitigation of land procurement social impact. This study seeks to examine the impacts of Indonesia's national strategic project, focusing on socio-economic deprivations and suggesting relevant policy frameworks for the displaced population regarding their well-being and human rights. The desk review of displacement status and human rights will provide an analysis of displacement people's socio-economic condition and fundamental rights of displaced people from a selected district in which displacement has been occurring since 2016. The case study of the chosen community will elucidate the causes and consequences of this displacement case. We will utilize both qualitative and quantitative data taken from official government reports and affected residents.
A novel neuroprotective cholinesterase-monoamine oxidase inhibitor for treatment of dementia and depression in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Yuqiang , Youdim Moussa B. H.
Published: January 2022

The current novel therapeutic approach suggests that multi-targeted compounds, with diverse biological activities but a single set of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, will be significantly more advantageous in the treatment of the complex pathology of Parkinson’s diseases (PD) than traditional therapies. This review introduces a novel cholinesterase (ChE)-monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, namely MT-031, which was designed by amalgamating the propargyl moiety of the irreversible selective MAO-B inhibitor and neuroprotective/neurorestorative anti-Parkinsonian drug, rasagiline, into the methylamino position of the ChE inhibitor anti-AD drug, rivastigmine. MT-031 possesses neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, anti-depressant, and anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, these findings suggest that MT-031 may be a potential treatment for combating PD and associated dementia and depression.
The Market Impact of New Auditing Standards in China
Authors: Wu Xiancong , Skolnik Richard , Luo Hongxiu
Published: January 2022

To improve audit reports' transparency and information content, China implemented new auditing standards in 2017.  The standards, which include disclosing key audit matters, were applied to A+H share companies in 2017 and A-share companies in 2018.  This paper uses A+H-share companies as the experimental group and A-share companies as the control group and applies the difference-in-differences method to test the market response to the new auditing standards.  We find a statistically significant positive cumulative abnormal return (CAR) during the report release event window for the A+H share companies.  The results indicate a greater investor reaction to the release of audit reports under the new standards implying that the audit reforms enhanced the information of the reports.  Furthermore, the positive CAR indicates that the reports reassured investors that the audit did not reveal significant problems or that existing weaknesses were addressed.  We also found a statistically insignificant difference in the volatility of stock prices during the event window for the experimental and control group.
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI GAME INDONESIA UNTUK PERMAINAN FIRST PERSON SHOOTER (FPS) 3D MULTIPLAYER “CODE TO SHOOT” MENGGUNAKAN UNITY NETWORK (UNET) BERBASIS MOBILE
Authors: Ramadhan Ibnu , Purwanto Agung , Nurahman
Published: January 2022

Bermain game adalah salah satu cara untuk menghilangkan kebosanan atau menghibur diri. Saat ini sudah banyak pula variasi game yang diproduksi oleh para developer. Salah satu game yang sedang banyak berkembang dan diminati saat ini adalah FPS multiplayer dengan basis mobile. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh dalam hal ini adalah besarnya ketergantungan masyarakat sekarang terhadap smartphone (ponsel pintar). Namun kebanyakan game yang beredar hanya berisi hiburan semata. Atas dasar inilah penulis bermaksud untuk menyisipkan unsur budaya lokal yang akan diangkat ke dalam game tersebut yaitu budaya lokal suku Dayak Kalimantan Tengah yang penulis anggap cukup bagus untuk diangkat menjadi sebuah game multiplayer dengan menggunakan fitur Unity Network. Proses pembuatan game menggunakan bahasa pemrograman C# serta beberapa software pendukung yaitu Unity, Blender, Visual Studio serta Android Studio untuk pembu-atan game, object design dan user interface. Pada game ini juga dapat di manfaatkan sebagai penyampaian unsur budaya lokal suku Dayak Kalimantan Tengah.
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI MOBILE UNTUK SISTEM KASIR RUMAH MAKAN DI KOTA SAMPIT MENGGUNAKAN FIREBASE REALTIME DATABASE
Authors: Kurniawati  , Bachtiar Lukman
Published: January 2022

Trend masyarakat yang sedang berkembang sekarang yaitu mereka cenderung lebih tertarik terhadap teknologi yang dapat memberikan kemudahan, baik dalam penerapannya maupun penggunaannya. Salah satu contoh teknologi informasi yang diperlukan zaman sekarang adalah sistem kasir. Sistem kasir merupakan sebuah teknologi informasi yang dapat melakukan perhitungan total belanjaan secara cepat dan akurat serta bisa menampilkan laporan penjualan. Sistem ini biasanya diterapkan pada sebuah toko retail, rumah makan dan lainnya serta dapat diterapkan dalam basis desktop, web maupun mobile. Meskipun teknologi ini sudah lama ditemukan, namun faktanya masih banyak toko-toko atau rumah makan yang belum menerapkan teknologi ini dalam kegiatan bisnis mereka terutama di kota Sampit. Proses pembuatan aplikasi ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java serta beberapa software pendukung yaitu Android Studio, BlueStack serta Firebase Console yang digunakan untuk pembuatan program, database dan user interface.
European Union – China in the Changing World Composition
Authors: Danilin I. , Kvashnin Y. , Kislitsyn S. , Kobrinskaya I. , Lomanov A. , Utkin S.
Published: January 2022

By 2021, the nature of the key factors that will determine the dynamics of the EU–China relations in the medium term has become clearer. The pandemic accelerated many ongoing processes in the world, revealed “weak points” in national and regional economies and security, and exposed the true intentions of international actors. The authors proceed from the working hypothesis that an ideologized rigid approach with elements of pragmatism will dominate in the EU–China relations in the post-crisis period. The balance in the formula of these relations “partner, competitor, rival” will significantly depend on the position of the United States, as well as the European Union’s compliance with the “bloc discipline”. Competition in the field of technology will be of key importance, but the struggle for political and ideological leadership in the changing world order will also become more acute. The political response of the EU and China to technological challenges will represent a mix of protectionism and neo-techno-nationalism. Politicians in the European Union feel that toughness toward Beijing is well received by the voters. At the same time, the EU member states diverge in their approaches to China, although the efforts are made to harmonise policies both in the European Union and in the transatlantic community. In its turn, the PRC feels more confident in the technological and political competition. The pace of China catching up with the technological abilities of the EU is impressive, though significant gaps remain. Beijing does not have intentions of de-coupling from the West and keeps a strong interest in being present in the EU markets, but it becomes more selective with regard to foreign investments at home. Meanwhile, the global shift of world politics to Asia will require adjustment on the part of the European Union. A possible approach already tested in expert discussions is further engagement with trading partners and blocs in the region, especially the newly established Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. The EU–China relations and their influence, in particular, on Russia were the subject of case study organized by the Center for Situational Analysis of IMEMO RAN. For details see: Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, 2021, no. 2. (Available at: https:// www.afjournal.ru/index.php?page_id=464#).
Method of composition justification of reference materials of motor fuels performance properties
Authors: Shatalov K. V. , Vlasenkova L. A.
Published: January 2022

At present, there are practically no reference materials for values characterizing the beneficial effect of the use of petroleum products, which reduces the efficiency of the metrological assurance processes for petroleum products testing. In particular, certification by the method of monitoring technical characteristics is an ineffective procedure for a number of motor sets and benches. It is necessary to assess the stability of such testing equipment relative to the s TABLE characteristics of any substance or material.

Reference materials of motor fuels performance properties must comply with the requirements for the adequacy of the chemical composition of RM and motor fuels and guaranteed reproducibility of the values during the subsequent manufacture of a new batch of the reference material. In addition, reference materials should reproduce the values characteristic of a particular brand of commercial motor fuel or production technology.

It was necessary to develop a method for justification of the composition of reference materials of motor fuels performance properties to meet the above requirements. The method includes the following stages: determination of the characteristic hydrocarbon composition of commercial motor fuels, selection of individual hydrocarbons of various groups, verification of their composition and basic physical and chemical properties, study of the most characteristic values of the investigated performance property and establishment of requirements for a possible measurement range of the certified value, measurement of the certified value for each individual hydrocarbon to be added to the composition of the reference material, development of a mathematical model «The composition of the mixture of individual hydrocarbons - The value of the motor fuel performance property» using experimental planning methods, calculation of the values of the concentrations of individual hydrocarbons in the mixture, providing the required certified value, experimental verification of the value of the certified characteristic of the performance property for the mixture with calculated values of the concentrations of individual hydrocarbons, correction of the calculated concentrations of individual hydrocarbons.

The efficiency of the developed method is shown by the example of justification of the reference material composition of jet fuel chemical stability.
Study of long-term stability of reference materials of soils
Authors: Stupakova G. A. , Ignatyeva E. E. , Dengina S. A. , Shchipletsova T. I. , Mitrofanov D. K. , Vetrova E. I. , Kholiaeva O. V.
Published: January 2022

The author’s article presents information on the study of the stability of main indicators of fertility (mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, organic matter) in different types of soil. Experiments were carried out on state reference materials selected in different soil-climatic zones, within 12-30 years since the date of reference material certification. It has been established that different types of soil preserve sufficient stability of the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, organic matter in reference material provided that reference materials were kept in storage in dry room in removal from the installations that create vibration, with the lack of vapor steams and the relative humidity of the air not higher than 70 %.

The results of the studies of stability of main characteristics of soil fertility (mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, organic matter) allow us to recommend a guaranteed storage period of reference materials of soils certified for these indicators during 10 years.
Application of direct and indirect methods for determining the mass fraction of the main component in flotation potassium chloride
Authors: Sobina E. P. , Sobina A. V. , Shimolin A. Yu. , Tabatchikova T. N. , Lebedeva E. L. , Migal’ P. V. , Krasheninina M. P.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the comparison of two approaches to determining the purity of metal salts on the example of a complex in composition object - flotation potassium chloride. The results of determining the mass fraction of the main component (potassium chloride) in flotation potassium chloride obtained by direct (using the coulometric titration method with correction for anions titrated with the determined chloride ion and an excess of cations) and indirect (according to the scheme 100% minus the amount of impurities with regard to their species) methods. It is shown that direct and indirect methods give well consistent results: (96.08 ± 0.17) % and (96.11 ± 0.12) %, respectively. Also, the measurement results obtained using the standard installations considering the uncertainty are well consistent with the certified value of the mass fraction of potassium chloride (96.11 ± 0.11) %, obtained based on an interlaboratory experiment in laboratories that perform measurements in accordance with GOST 20851.3. The feature of the direct and indirect methods implemented in this work is the construction of a model of the chemical composition of the analysed object based on a priori and experimental data using two basic principles when summing up the content of impurities: the conditions of material balance and the principle of electroneutrality.
The Spermidine Synthase Gene SPD1: A Novel Auxotrophic Marker for Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii Designed by Enhanced CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing
Authors: Freudenberg Robert A. , Wittemeier Luisa , Einhaus Alexander , Baier Thomas , Kruse Olaf
Published: January 2022

Biotechnological application of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii hinges on the availability of selectable markers for effective expression of multiple transgenes. However, biological safety concerns limit the establishment of new antibiotic resistance genes and until today, only few auxotrophic markers exist for C. reinhardtii. The recent improvements in gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 allows directed exploration of new endogenous selectable markers. Since editing frequencies with CRISPR/Cas9 techniques are often low, the Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery protocol was strategically optimized by applying nitrogen starvation to the pre-culture, increasing editing frequencies from 10% to 66% after pre-selection. Probing the essential polyamine biosynthesis pathway, the spermidine synthase gene (SPD1) is shown to be a potent selectable marker with versatile biotechnological applicability. Very low levels of spermidine (0.75 mg/L) were required to maintain normal mixotrophic and phototrophic growth in newly designed spermidine auxotrophic strains. Complementation of these strains with a synthetic SPD1 gene was achieved when the mature protein was targeted to either the cytosol or the chloroplast. This work highlights the potential of new selectable markers for biotechnology as well as basic research and proposes an effective pipeline for the identification of new auxotrophies in C. reinhardtii.
The Appetite of Patients 12 Months After Intensive Care Unit Discharge is Associated with Depression
Authors: Unoki Takeshi , Sasaki Aki , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Uemura Sakura , Tsujimoto Takahiro , Yamaguchi Takako , Shiba Yuko , Hino Mayumi , Kuribara Tomoki , Fukuda Yuko , Nagao Takumi , Kitayama Mio , Shirasaka Masako , Satoi Yosuke , Haruna Junpei , Masuda Yoshiki
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Appetite loss is common in older patients and an independent risk factor for sarcopenia, which is associated with high mortality. However, few studies have explored the phenomenon of appetite loss after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, we aimed to describe the prevalence of appetite loss and the relationship between appetite loss and depression in patients living at home 12 months after intensive care. We conducted a post hoc analysis, which was a published ambidirectional study examining post-intensive care syndrome at 12 months after discharge. We included patients aged > 65 years. The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) were used for the analysis. Descriptive statistics and a multilevel generalized linear model were used to clarify the relationship between appetite loss and depression. Data from 468 patients were analyzed. The defined appetite loss was 25.4% (95%CI, 21.5–29.4). High severity of depression was an independent factor for high probability of appetite loss (OR, 1.2; 95%CI, 1.14–1.28; p=0.00). Poor appetite is common 12 months after intensive care and is associated with the severity of depression.
Low-Content Pre-Emulsified Safflower Seed Oil Enhances the Quality and Flavor of the Nemipterus virgatus Surimi Gel
Authors: Song Chunyong , Lin Yufeng , Hong Pengzhi , Liu Huanming , Zhou Chunxia
Published: January 2022

Surimi-based products occupy an important position in the aquatic product processing industry. To enhance the quality and flavor of surimi-based products, the effects of pre-emulsified safflower seed oil on the texture, water-holding capacity (WHC), microstructure, and flavor of Nemipterus virgatus surimi gel was evaluated. The texture and whiteness of gel were improved, and the WHC increased (P < 0.05) as the content of safflower seed oil increased up to 2 mL per 100 g surimi. Furthermore, the drops of pre-emulsified safflower seed oils with an average diameter of less than 0.10 μm were evenly distributed in gel matrix. Microstructure and infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that low-content pre-emulsified safflower seed oil acted as filler particles to occupy void spaces, resulting in gel exhibiting a dense network structure. Volatile analysis showed the gel containing pre-emulsified oil enriched volatile compounds, mainly resulting from oxidation and decomposition of oils by the activation of lipoxygenase, which synergistically contributes to unique flavors of gel. Consequently, low-content pre-emulsified safflower seed oil can used to enhance the quality and flavor of N. virgatus surimi-based products. These findings are especially relevant to the current growing interest in low-fat and high-protein diets.
3D Printed Poly(?-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comparative Study on Composite Preparation by Melt Blending or Solvent Casting Techniques and Influence of Bioceramic Content on Scaffold Properties
Authors: Biscaia Sara , Branquinho Mariana V. , Alvites Rui D. , Fonseca Rita , Sousa Ana Catarina , Pedrosa Sílvia Santos , Caseiro Ana R. , Guedes Fernando , Patrício Tatiana , Viana Tânia , Mateus Artur , Maurício Ana C. , Alves Nuno
Published: January 2022

Bone tissue engineering has been developed in the past decades, with the engineering of bone substitutes on the vanguard of this regenerative approach. PCL based scaffolds are fairly applied for bone regeneration, and several composites have been incorporated, as to improve the devices’ mechanical properties and tissue ingrowth. In this study, HA was incorporated on PCL based scaffolds with two different proportions, 80:20 and 60:40. Devices were produced with two different techniques, SC and MB, and further investigated with regards to their mechanical characteristics and in vitro cytocompatibility. Results show the MB devices to present more promising mechanical properties, along with the incorporation of HA. The latter is also related to an increase in osteogenic activity and promotion. Overall, this study suggest PCL:HA scaffolds to be promising candidates for bone tissue engineering, particularly when produced by the MB method.
Tics and Emotions
Authors: Leisman Gerry , Sheldon Dana
Published: January 2022

Tics can be associated with neurological disorders and are thought to be the result of dysfunctional basal ganglia pathways. In Tourette Syndrome (TS), excess dopamine in the striatum is thought to excite the thalamo-cortical circuits, producing tics. When external stressors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, more dopamine is produced, furthering the excitation of tic-producing pathways. Emotional processing structures in the limbic are also activated during tics, providing further evidence of a possible emotional component in motor ticking behaviors. The purpose of the review is to better understand the relationship between emotional states and ticking behavior. We found support for the notion that premonitory-sensory phenomena (PSP), sensory stimulation, and other environmental stressors that impact the HPA-axis can influence tics through dopaminergic neurotransmission. Dopamine plays a vital role in cognition and motor control, and is an important neurotransmitter in the pathophysiology of other disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which tend to be comorbid with ticking disorders and are thought to use similar pathways. It is concluded that there is an emotional component to ticking behaviors. Emotions primarily involving anxiety, tension, stress, and frustration have been associated with exacerbated tics, with PSP contributing to these feelings.
Applying the FAIR4Health Solution to Identify Multimorbidity Patterns and Their Association With Mortality Through a Frequent Pattern Growth Association Algorithm
Authors: Carmona-Pírez Jonás , Poblador-Plou Beatriz , Poncel-Falcó Antonio , Rochat Jessica , Alvarez-Romero Celia , Martínez-García Alicia , Angioletti Carmen , Almada Marta , Gencturk Mert , Sinaci Anil , Ternero-Vega Jara Eloisa , Gaudet-Blavignac Christophe , Lovis Christian , Liperoti Rosa , Costa Elisio , Parra-Calderón Carlos Luis , Moreno-Juste Aida , Gimeno-Miguel Antonio , Prados-Torres Alexandra
Published: January 2022

The current availability of electronic health records represents an excellent research opportunity on multimorbidity, one of the most relevant public health problems nowadays. However, it also poses a methodological challenge due to the current lack of tools to access, harmonize and reuse research datasets. In FAIR4Health, a European Horizon 2020 project, a workflow to implement the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles on health datasets was developed, as well as two tools aimed at facilitating the transformation of raw datasets into FAIR ones and the preservation of data privacy. As part of this project, we conducted a multicentric retrospective observational study to apply the aforementioned FAIR implementation workflow and tools to five European health datasets for research on multimorbidity. We applied a federated frequent pattern growth association algorithm to identify the most frequent combinations of chronic diseases and their association with mortality risk. We identified several multimorbidity patterns clinically plausible and consistent with the bibliography, some of which were strongly associated with mortality. Our results show the usefulness of the solution developed in FAIR4Health to overcome the difficulties in data management and highlight the importance of implementing a FAIR data policy to accelerate responsible health research.
Effects of Apple Vinegar Addition on Aerobic Deterioration of Fermented High Moisture Maize Using Infrared Thermography as an Indicator
Authors: Agma Okur Aylin , Gozluklu Kerem , Okur Ersen , Okuyucu Berrin , Koc Fisun , Ozduven Mehmet Levent
Published: January 2022

This study was carried out to determine the effects of apple vinegar and sodium diacetate addition on the aerobic stability of fermented high moisture maize grain (HMM) silage after opening. In the study, the effect of three different levels (0, 0.5, 1.0%) of apple vinegar (AV) and sodium diacetate (SDA) supplementation to fermented HMM at two different storage conditions (27-29°C, 48% Humidity; 35-37°C, 26% Humidity) were investigated. The material of the study was fermented rolled maize grain with 62% moisture content stored for about 120 days. Silage samples were subjected to aerobic stability test with 3 replicates for each treatment group. Wendee and microbiological analyses were made at 0, 2, 4, 7, and 12 days. Meanwhile, samples were displayed in the T200 IR brand thermal camera. According to the thermogram results, 1% SDA addition positively affected HMM silages at the second and fourth days of aerobic stability at both storage conditions (p<0.05). Aerobic stability and infrared thermography analysis indicated that 1% AV, 0.5%, and 1% SDA additions to HMM silages had promising effects. Due to our results, we concluded that thermal camera images might be used as an alternative quality indicator for silages in laboratory conditions.
Poor Agreement Between Next-Generation DNA Sequencing and Bacterial Cultures in Orthopaedic Trauma Procedures
Authors: Natoli Roman M. , Marinos Dimitrius P. , Montalvo Ryan N. , Degani Yasmin , Ochenjele George , Griffith Cullen , Ding Anthony , Gitajn I. Leah , Manson Theodore T. , Johnson Aaron J. , Kjellerup Birthe Veno , Harro Janette M. , Joshi Manjari , O’Toole Robert V.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) detects bacteria-specific DNA corresponding to the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and can identify bacterial presence with greater accuracy than traditional culture methods. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to compare the results from bacterial culture and NGS in order to characterize the potential use of NGS in orthopaedic trauma patients.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was performed at a single academic, level-I trauma center. Three patient groups were enrolled: (1) patients undergoing surgical treatment of acute closed fractures (presumed to have no bacteria), (2) patients undergoing implant removal at the site of a healed fracture without infection, and (3) patients undergoing a first procedure for the treatment of a fracture nonunion who might or might not have subclinical infection. Surgical site tissue was sent for culture and NGS. The proportions of culture and NGS positivity were compared among the groups. The agreement between culture and NGS results was assessed with use of the Cohen kappa statistic.

Results:

Bacterial cultures were positive in 9 of 111 surgical sites (110 patients), whereas NGS was positive in 27 of 111 surgical sites (110 patients). Significantly more cases were positive on NGS as compared with culture (24% vs. 8.1%; p = 0.001), primarily in the acute closed fracture group. No difference was found in terms of the percent positivity of NGS when comparing the acute closed fracture, implant removal, and nonunion groups. With respect to bacterial identification, culture and NGS agreed in 73% of cases (κ = 0.051; 95% confidence interval, −0.12 to 0.22) indicating only slight agreement compared with expected chance agreement of 50%.

Conclusions:

NGS identified bacterial presence more frequently than culture, but with only slight agreement between culture and NGS. It is possible that the increased frequency of bacterial detection with molecular methods is reflective of biofilm presence on metal or colonization with nonpathogenic bacteria, as culture methods have selection pressure posed by restrictive, artificial growth conditions and there are low metabolic activity and replication rates of bacteria in biofilms. Our data suggest that NGS should not currently substitute for or complement conventional culture in orthopaedic trauma cases with low suspicion of infection.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
ENDOPARASITES INFECTION IN BLOOD COCKLE (Anadara granosa) IN ACEH BESAR WATERS, INDONESIA
Authors: Putra Dedi Fazriansyah , Ramadina Suci , Mellisa Siska , Abdullah Abbas Muhammadar , He he Xiao
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate the type, prevalence, and intensity of endoparasites infecting the organs of blood cockles (Anadara granosa) in the waters of Aceh Besar, Indonesia. A purposive sampling method was conducted from March to August 2020 consisting of two sampling sites, namely the waters of Ujung Pancu and Krueng Raya. Endoparasite identification and analysis was carried out at the Parasite Laboratory of the Fish Quarantine Center, Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products in Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar. The results showed that there were two types of endoparasites living in the blood cockles: namely, Perkinsus sp., which belong to the group Protozoa, and Spiroxys sp. of the Nematode class. The prevalence levels of Perkinsus sp. was 73.33% and were found in the waters of Ujung Pancu; while the lowest prevalence level was 20% in blood cockles that were infected with Spiroxys sp., which were found both in Ujung Pancu and Krueng Raya. The highest intensity level was infections of Perkinsus sp. with a value of 89 ind/species in the Krueng Raya site. The lowest intensity value was infections of Spiroxys with a value of 2 ind/species in Krueng Raya and 2.3 ind/species in Ujung Pancu
Assessing the Relationship Between Traditional Citation-based Metrics and New Metrics (Altmetrics / Dimensions / Number of Tweets) in COVID-19 & Eye Research
Authors: Celebi Ali Riza Cenk , Bulut Erkan , Koprubasi Sumeyra , Dokur Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Background: Traditional peer-reviewed publications are the most common forums for disseminating scientific information. With the rising popularity of social media, altmetric studies have gained importance in the assessment of impact values of scientific research. In the framework of COVID-19 and eye research, this study aimed to compare activity on new metrics with traditional bibliometric systems using highly cited publications. Methods: Using the term "COVID-19 & Eye," data from articles in last one year (March 2020 to April 2021) were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database. Author name, publication year, major topic, study type, journal name, journal impact factor, H-index, total citation number (TCN), Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), number of tweets (NT) and Dimensions score were studied in the top 100 cited articles list (T100 list). The bibliometric data was visualized using the VOSviewer software. For analysis, the Spearman correlation test and descriptive statistics were used. Results: In our WoS search, we found 720 articles with the term "COVID-19 & Eye". The mean TCN and AAS in T100 list were 22.51±62.41 and 299.11 ±2406.74, respectively. Total citation number showed moderate positive correlation with AAS and strong positive correlation with NT and Dimensions score (r=0.427, r=0.806, r=0.877, respectively, p=0.001 for all). Journal impact factor and H-index showed substantial significant positive correlations with AAS and NT. Conclusion: AAS, particularly Twitter and Dimensions score have a substantial positive correlation with traditional bibliometric data of COVID-19 and eye research.