bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Strategy towards the Multigram Synthesis of Uncommon Hexaarylbenzenes
Authors: Lungerich Dominik , Reger David , Hölzel Helen , Riedel René , Martin Max M. J. C. , Hampel Frank , Jux Norbert
Published: March 2016

A novel rational synthetic pathway—the “functionalization of para‐nitroaniline” (FpNA)—provides substituted hexaarylbenzenes (HABs) with uncommon symmetries that bear up to five different substituents, fully avoiding regioisomeric product distributions during the reactions. 4‐Nitroaniline is functionalized by a cascade of electrophilic halogenations, Sandmeyer brominations, and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions, leading to 26 substitution geometries, of which 18 structures are not available by the current established techniques. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this method is applicable to the bulk production of such systems on a multigram scale. Regarding optoelectronic properties, we demonstrate how highly functionalized HABs can show strong luminescent behavior, making these molecules very attractive to organic electronic devices.
Cyclic Amine/Borane Lewis Pairs by the Reaction of N,N‐Diallylaniline with Lancaster′s H2B‐C6F5 Reagent
Authors: Wang Tongdao , Liu Lei , Grimme Stefan , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: March 2016

Twofold hydroboration of N,N‐diallylaniline with the C6F5BH2⋅SMe2 reagent gave the respective hetero‐bicyclo[3.3.0]octane and hetero‐methylbicyclo[3.2.0]heptane compounds 4 and 5 as the major products, both showing strong internal N‐B amine Lewis base/borane Lewis acid adduct formation. A DFT analysis indicated their formation (and that of a small amount of several isomeric five‐membered heterocyclic products) under thermodynamic control. Compound 5 underwent fragmentation with propene liberation to form compound 7 with a formal N=B bond at 100 °C. This product was also obtained from the isomer 4 at much higher temperature (300 °C).
Projecting Risk: The Importance of the HCR‐20 Risk Management Scale in Predicting Outcomes with Forensic Patients
Authors: Vitacco Michael J. , Tabernik Holly E. , Zavodny Denis , Bailey Karen , Waggoner Christina
Published: March 2016

The present study evaluates data from 116 forensic inpatients who underwent violent risk assessments, which included the Historical, Clinical, Risk‐20 (HCR‐20), from 2006 to 2013 as part of an opportunity to be conditionally discharged from state forensic facilities. Of the 116 inpatients, 58 were never released, 39 were released and returned to a hospital, and 19 were released and never returned. Results from analyses of variance and multinomial logistic regression found the risk management (R) scale of the HCR‐20 successfully predicted group membership in that higher scores were associated with a greater likelihood of not being released from a forensic facility or returning to a forensic facility after release. The results of this study indicate that clinicians should consider community‐based risk variables when evaluating forensic patients for potential return to the community. This research demonstrates that clinicians failing to fully consider dynamic risk factors associated with community integration jeopardize the quality and thoroughness of their violence risk assessment with regards to readiness for release. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation and identification of candidate protein elicitors from the cultivation medium of Leptosphaeria maculans inducing resistance in Brassica napus
Authors: Nováková Miroslava , Kim Phuong Dinh , Šašek Vladimír , Burketová Lenka , Jindřichová Barbora , Šantrůček Jiří , Valentová Olga
Published: March 2016

The Dothideomycete Leptosphaeria maculans, a worldwide fungal pathogen of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), secretes a broad spectrum of molecules into the cultivation medium during growth in vitro. Here, candidate elicitor molecules, which induce resistance in B. napus to L. maculans, were identified in the cultivation medium. The elicitation activity was indicated by increased transcription of pathogenesis‐related gene 1 (PR1) and enhanced resistance of B. napus plants to the invasion of L. maculans. The elicitation activity was significantly lowered when the cultivation medium was heated to 80°C. Active components were further characterized by specific cleavage with the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and proteinase K and with glycosidases α‐amylase and β‐glucanase. The elicitor activity was eliminated by proteolytic digestion while glycosidases had no effect. The filtered medium was fractionated by either ion‐exchange chromatography or isoelectric focusing. Mass spectrometry analysis of the most active fractions obtained by both separation procedures revealed predominantly enzymes that can be involved in the degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. This is the first study searching for L. maculans‐specific secreted elicitors with a potential to be used as defense‐activating agents in the protection of B. napus against L. maculans in agriculture. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:918–928, 2016
Atomic‐Scale Insight on the Increased Stability of Tungsten‐Modified Platinum/Carbon Fuel Cell Catalysts
Authors: Willinger Elena , Yi Youngmi , Tarasov Andrey , Blume Raoul , Massué Cyriac , Girgsdies Frank , Querner Claudia , Schwab Ekkehard , Schlögl Robert , Willinger Marc‐Georg
Published: March 2016

The limited stability of carbon‐supported Pt catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction is a key obstacle for their commercial application in fuel cells. Here we report on the properties of a tungsten‐modified Pt/C catalyst that shows enhanced stability under potential cycling conditions compared to a reference Pt/C catalyst. Although routine structural investigation by XRD and TEM show an inhomogeneous distribution of tungsten species on the modified catalyst surface, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy points to an overall changed catalytic behavior of Pt nanoparticles. Aberration‐corrected atomic‐scale imaging reveals the presence of homogeneously dispersed tungsten atomic species that decorate the surface of the carbon support and the Pt nanoparticles. The presented results demonstrate that detailed and localized imaging at the atomic scale is essential for the identification of the relevant species amongst spectator phases and thus, for the understanding of the improved integral behavior of a modified catalyst.
Ultrasmall Platinum Nanoparticles on Fe3O4: A Low‐Temperature Catalyst for the Preferential Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Lopez Angela , Larrea Ane , Sebastian Victor , Calatayud M. Pilar , Irusta Silvia , Santamaria Jesus
Published: March 2016

Preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in H2‐rich stream is critical to the production of clean H2 for H2‐based fuel cells. A low‐temperature fuel‐cell start up is desirable for transportation applications. However, few catalysts are able to provide the required sustained activity at near‐room‐temperature conditions. The development of highly active and selective PROX catalysts is highly desirable but has been proven to be extremely challenging. Pt nanoparticles with a size of (1.2±0.1) nm were synthesized in situ on 32 nm magnetite nanoparticles, which were previously deposited on alumina supports. The resulting catalyst was found to be highly active towards the preferential oxidation of CO in a H2‐rich reformate stream and gave 100 % CO conversion at 25 °C with a weight hourly space velocity of 0.5 mL min−1 mg−1 and an oxygen excess factor (λ) of 2.
Synchronizing Substrate Activation Rates in Multicomponent Reactions with Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts
Authors: Aguirre‐Díaz Lina María , Iglesias Marta , Snejko Natalia , Gutiérrez‐Puebla Enrique , Monge M. Ángeles
Published: March 2016

A study on the influence of the cation coordination number, number of Lewis acid centers, concurrent existence of Lewis base sites, and structure topology on the catalytic activity of six new indium MOFs, has been carried out for multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The new indium polymeric frameworks, namely [In8(OH)6(popha)6(H2O)4]⋅3 H2O (InPF‐16), [In(popha)(2,2′‐bipy)]⋅3 H2O (InPF‐17), [In3(OH)3(popha)2(4,4′‐bipy)]⋅4 H2O (InPF‐18), [In2(popha)2(4,4′‐bipy)2]⋅3 H2O (InPF‐19), [In(OH)(Hpopha)]⋅0.5 (1,7‐phen) (InPF‐20), and [In(popha)(1,10‐phen)]⋅4 H2O (InPF‐21) (InPF=indium polymeric framework, H3popha=5‐(4‐carboxy‐2‐nitrophenoxy)isophthalic acid, phen=phenanthroline, bipy=bipyridine), have been hydrothermally obtained by using both conventional heating (CH) and microwave (MW) procedures. These indium frameworks show efficient Lewis acid behavior for the solvent‐free cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds, the one pot Passerini 3‐component (P‐3CR) and the Ugi 4‐component (U‐4CR) reactions. In addition, InPF‐17 was found to be a highly reactive, recyclable, and environmentally benign catalyst, which allows the efficient synthesis of α‐aminoacyl amides. The relationship between the Lewis base/acid active site and the catalytic performance is explained by the 2D seven‐coordinated indium framework of the catalyst InPF‐17. This study is an attempt to highlight the main structural and synthetic factors that have to be taken into account when planning a new, effective MOF‐based heterogeneous catalyst for multicomponent reactions.
Controlling the Direction of the Molecular Axis of Rod‐Shaped Binuclear Ruthenium Complexes on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ozawa Hiroaki , Kosaka Kazuma , Kita Tomomi , Yoshikawa Kai , Haga Masa‐aki
Published: March 2016

We report the synthesis of a mixed‐valence ruthenium complex, bearing pyrene moieties on one side of the ligands as anchor groups. Composites consisting of mixed‐valence ruthenium complexes and SWNTs were prepared by noncovalent π–π interactions between the SWNT surface and the pyrene anchors of the Ru complex. In these composites, the long axis of the Ru complexes was aligned in parallel to the principal direction of the SWNT. The optimized conformation of these complexes on the SWNT surface was calculated by molecular mechanics. The composites were examined by UV/Vis absorption and FT‐IR spectroscopy, XPS, and SEM analysis. Furthermore, their electrochemical properties were evaluated. Cyclic voltammograms of the composites showed reversible oxidation waves at peak oxidation potentials (Epox) = 0.86 and 1.08 V versus Fc+/Fc, which were assigned to the RuII‐RuII/RuII‐RuIII and the RuII‐RuIII/RuIII‐RuIII oxidation events of the dinuclear ruthenium complex, respectively. Based on these observations, we concluded that the electrochemical properties and mixed‐valence state of the dinuclear ruthenium complexes were preserved upon attachment to the SWNT surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure‐Induced Phase Transition of SnH4: A New Layered Structure.
Authors: Zhang Huadi , Jin Xilian , Lv Yunzhou , Zhuang Quan , Li Ying , Bao Kuo , Li Da , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: March 2016

A new phase of SnH4 with C2/m symmetry is predicted by first‐principle calculations using the Vienne ab initio simulation package (VSAP code) at pressures <400 GPa.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Crystal Structure of SrLa(FeTi)O6 and BaLa(FeTi)O6 Perovskites by Rietveld Refinement.
Authors: Shankar Uma , Agarwal Puneet Kumar , Pandey Rishikesh , Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: March 2016

Polycrystalline SrLa(FeTi)O6 (I) and BaLa(FeTi)O6 (II) are prepared by ball milling and calcinination of appropriate mixtures of BaCO3, Fe2O3, TiO2, SrCO3, and La2O3 (staged heating at 1000, 1200, and 1300 °C, 6 h per stage).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Characterization of Two Alkaline and Transition Metal Orthoborates, LiMBO3 (M: Zn, Cd).
Authors: Chen Xuean , Wang Kun , Chang Xinan , Xiao Weiqiang
Published: March 2016

Single crystals of LiZnBO3 (I) and LiCdBO3 (II) are prepared by firing Li2CO3 (LiBO2), ZnO (CdO), H3BO3 and Bi2O3 in the molar ratios of Li:Zn:B:Bi = 2:1:6:4 and 2:5:4:4, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast Ion Conduction in Garnet‐Type Metal Borohydrides Li3K3Ce2(BH4)12 and Li3K3La2(BH4)12.
Authors: Brighi M. , Schouwink P. , Sadikin Y. , Cerny R.
Published: March 2016

Li3K3Ce2(BH4)12 and Li3K3La2(BH4)12 are prepared by ball milling appropriate amounts of LiBH4, KBH4, and CeCl3 or LaCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Superconductivity of a Double‐Perovskite Bi Oxide.
Authors: Kumada Nobuhiro , et al.
Published: March 2016

KBa3 (Bi0.89Na0.11)4O12 is prepared by under hydrothermal conditions using NaBiO3, Ba(OH)2, and KOH in a 1:1:120 molar ratio in H2O (autoclave, 260 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Activity of Transition‐Metal (Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel) Phosphates for Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Solution.
Authors: Zhan Yi , Lu Meihua , Yang Shiliu , Xu Chaohe , Liu Zhaolin , Lee Jim Yang
Published: March 2016

Mn3PO4·3H2O, Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O, Co3(PO4)2·4H2O, and 4NiHPO4·Ni3 (PO4)2·22H2O with high surface areas are prepared by precipitation from transition metal sulfate solutions via addition of a 0.1 M phosphate buffer at ambient conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Direct Decomposition of Nitric Oxide by Microwave Catalysis over BaMeO3 (Me: Mn, Co, Fe) Mixed Oxides at Low Temperature under Excess Oxygen.
Authors: Xu Wentao , Cai Jinjun , Zhou Jicheng , Ou Yingpiao , Long Wei , You Zhimin , Luo Yushang
Published: March 2016

BaMO3 (M: Mn, Co, Fe) mixed oxide NOx decomposition co‐catalysts are prepared by sol gel reaction of an aqueous M(NO3)2 solution with citric acid and ethylene glycol is given (80 °C) followed by calcination in air (1.
ChemInform Abstract: New Niobium Selenites, ANbO(SeO3)2 (A: Na, K, Rb, and Cs): Effect of Alkali Metal Cation Size on the Dimensionality and Intraoctahedral Distortion.
Authors: Kim Youngkwon , Kim Bongsu , Ok Kang Min
Published: March 2016

Single crystals of MNbO(SeO3)2 (M: Na, K, Rb, Cs) are grown by solid state reaction of M2CO3 and Nb2O5 in a reactive SeO2 flux (evacuated silica tubes, 400 °C, 3 d; cooling to 25 °C at a rate of 6 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Assembly of a Zinc‐Templated Bifunctional Organocatalyst in the Presence of Water for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Serra‐Pont Anna , Alfonso Ignacio , Jimeno Ciril , Sola Jordi
Published: March 2016

A novel zinc‐templated complex, assembled from ZnCl2, picolinamide, and an unsymmetrical thiourea, efficiently catalyzes the asymmetric aldol reaction of ketones with aromatic aldehydes in wet THF as the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylation of Silyl Enol Ethers Derived from Ketones and α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Liang Xiao , Wei Kun , Yang Yu‐Rong
Published: March 2016

A bimetallic Ir/Sc‐catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution of silyl enol ethers derived from ketones with allyl alcohols is developed using a BINOL‐derived phosphoramidite as chiral ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Sulfinamide Bisphosphine Catalysts: Design, Synthesis, and Application in Highly Enantioselective Intermolecular Cross‐Rauhut—Currier Reactions.
Authors: Zhou Wei , Su Xiao , Tao Mengna , Zhu Chaoze , Zhao Qingjie , Zhang Junliang
Published: March 2016

The synthesis of novel chiral sulfinamide bisphosphine catalysts, so called Wei‐Phos catalysts, is developed and their utility for the cross‐Rauhut—Currier reaction of enediones of type (I), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) with α,β‐unsaturated ketones (II) is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Cyanation of Aromatic Tertiary Amines Using Ferricyanide as a Non‐Toxic Cyanide Source.
Authors: Nauth Alexander M. , Otto Nicola , Opatz Till
Published: March 2016

Aromatic tertiary amines, mostly isoquinoline derivatives and analogous N‐heterocycles, are treated with the non‐toxic agent (II) under conditions A) or B) to produce the desired N‐aminonitrile compounds as amino acid precursors and as building blocks of complex nitrogen heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Assisted α‐Allylation of Enals and Enones with Alcohols.
Authors: Mastandrea Marco Michele , Mellonie Niall , Giacinto Pietro , Collado Alba , Nolan Steven P. , Miscione Gian Pietro , Bottoni Andrea , Bandini Marco
Published: March 2016

The intermolecular α‐allylation of oxazolidinone derived allenamides with diaryl substituted allylic alcohols is optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of C(sp3)—H Bonds of α‐Cyano Aliphatic Amides.
Authors: Reddy M. Damoder , Watkins E. Blake
Published: March 2016

The arylated products can be easily converted into pharmacologically interesting α,α‐dialkylated acid or β‐amino acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental and Computational Evidence for KOt‐Bu‐Promoted Synthesis of Oxopyrazino[1,2‐a]indoles.
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Hassanzadeh‐Soureshjan Rasoul , Saeedi Mina , Ariafard Alireza , BabaAhmadi Rasool , Ranjbar Parviz Rashidi , Shafiee Abbas
Published: March 2016

Oxopyrazino[1,2‐a]indole derivatives are prepared via a two‐step synthetic procedure including an Ugi‐four‐component reaction followed by transition metal‐free intramolecular hydroamination of the adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Gold—N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for the Catalytic Homogeneous Acid‐ and Silver‐Free Hydration of Hydrophilic Alkynes.
Authors: Ibrahim Houssein , de Fremont Pierre , Braunstein Pierre , Thery Vincent , Nauton Lionel , Cisnetti Federico , Gautier Arnaud
Published: March 2016

Water‐soluble gold(III/I) N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes behave as efficient catalysts for the regioselective hydration of terminal alkynes towards ketones in neat water.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Amidation of Aniline Derivatives with 1,1‐Dichloro‐2‐nitroethene in Water.
Authors: Zhu Fengjuan , Tian Xue , Shao Xusheng , Li Zhong
Published: March 2016

An efficient direct amidation protocol for anilines is established using 1,1‐dichloro‐2‐nitroethene (DCNE).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Strecker Reaction of Aldimines Using Potassium Cyanide Catalyzed by a Recyclable Macrocyclic V(v) Salen Complex.
Authors: Saravanan S. , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Jakhar Ajay , Ansari Amamudin , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Kumar Gaurav
Published: March 2016

The title reaction affords α‐aminonitriles in good yields with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Iridium‐Catalyzed Reactivity of CO2 with Secondary Amines and Hydrosilanes.
Authors: Julian Alejandro , Polo Victor , Jaseer E. A. , Fernandez‐Alvarez Francisco J. , Oro Luis A.
Published: March 2016

The fac‐coordinated complex (IRC) is found to be an effective catalyst precursor for the solvent‐free synthesis of silyl carbamates from reaction of aliphatic secondary amines with CO2 and HSiMe(OSiMe3)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl: Air Stable Catalyst for Microwave Assisted Intermolecular [2 + 2 + 2] Co‐Trimerization Involving Propargyl Halides.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Sreevani Gaddamedi
Published: March 2016

A simple and atom economic route for the synthesis of benzyl halide derivatives in a single step in acetonitrile is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldol Reactions of Ketone Donors with Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ketone Acceptors Catalyzed by 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) for Concise Access to Aryl‐ and Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Tertiary Alcohols.
Authors: Zhang Dongxin , Tanaka Fujie
Published: March 2016

Different types of reactants are investigated to produce the desired target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aminoxylation of Different Types of Hydrocarbons with TEMPO: A Concise Route to N‐Alkoxyamine Derivatives.
Authors: Li Linyi , Yu Zhengwei , Shen Zengming
Published: March 2016

Mild conditions are elaborated which allow the preparation of the title compounds as efficient agents in organic/biological chemistry and material science.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Silyl Ketene Acetal‐Formation Mukaiyama—Mannich Additions to Imines Mediated by Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Authors: Downey C. Wade , Ingersoll Jared A. , Glist Hadleigh M. , Dombrowski Carolyn M. , Barnett Adam T.
Published: March 2016

Thioesters, esters, N‐arylamides and ketones react successfully with N‐arylimines if a Tms‐O‐Tf/trialkylamine mixture is used.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyanamides from Isoselenocyanates Promoted by Recyclable Ionic Liquid‐Supported (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene.
Authors: Li Xue , Huang Yingyi , Gan Bin , Mi Zhisheng , Xie Yuanyuan
Published: March 2016

The one‐pot synthesis of various cyanamides involves a deselenisation mediated by an ionic liquid‐supported hypervalent iodine(III) reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Reductive Amination of Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Ambica Ambica , Khajuria Rajni , Saini Yeshwinder , Kapoor Kamal K.
Published: March 2016

Secondary and tertiary aromatic amines are synthesized by metal‐free one‐pot reductive amination of various aldehydes with primary aromatic amines using benzaldehyde/o‐phenylenediamine as reducing system.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Amides: A Straightforward Method for the Construction of C(sp3)—N Amide Bonds from Aldehydes.
Authors: Xu Peng , Han Fu‐She , Wang Yan‐Hua
Published: March 2016

An optimized one‐pot sequence A)—B) is developed for a broad spectrum of primary aromatic amides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Multipathway Coupled Domino Strategy: I2‐Mediated Oxidative Thionation for Direct Synthesis of Thiobenzamides from Miscellaneous Substrates.
Authors: Li Hong‐Zheng , Xue Wei‐Jian , Yin Guo‐Dong , Wu An‐Xin
Published: March 2016

Various thiobenzamides are directly synthesized from multiform substrates benzylamines, benzylamines/aldehydes, and N‐alkyl benzylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Approach for the Synthesis of N‐Aryl Sulfoximines via Aryne Intermediate.
Authors: Aithagani Sravan Kumar , Dara Saidulu , Munagala Gurunadham , Aruri Hariprasad , Yadav Mahipal , Sharma Shweta , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Singh Parvinder Pal
Published: March 2016

The mild reaction conditions allow an access to a broad spectrum of title compounds, highly functionalized subunits for various applications in organic synthesis, within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Novel 1′H‐Spiro[indene‐2,2′‐quinazoline]‐1,3,4′(3′H)‐trione Derivatives.
Authors: Sadat‐Ebrahimi Seyed Esmail , Irannezhad Soroor , Moghimi Setareh , Yahya‐Meymandi Azadeh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: March 2016

The title compounds are prepared by reaction of ninhydrin with aminobenzamides in moderate to good yields using ferric chloride as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroquinone—Pyrrole Dyads with Varied Linkers.
Authors: Huang Hao , Karlsson Christoffer , Stroemme Maria , Sjoedin Martin , Gogoll Adolf
Published: March 2016

The electronic properties of a series of pyrroles functionalized in 3‐position with p‐dimethoxybenzene via various linker are deduced.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Selective Aerobic Oxidative C3‐Cyanation of Indoles with DMF.
Authors: Xiao Jing , Li Qiang , Chen Tieqiao , Han Li‐Biao
Published: March 2016

A copper‐mediated aerobic oxidative cyanation of indole C—H bonds at the C3 position, using cheap and safe DMF as the sole CN source is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Atmospheric Oxygen Mediated Synthesis of Pyrazole under Visible Irradiation.
Authors: Yadav Snehlata , Rai Pratibha , Srivastava Madhulika , Singh Jaya , Tiwari Kamla Prasad , Singh Jagdamba
Published: March 2016

An eco‐efficient, clean, and photoredox catalyzed synthesis of highly functionalized pyrazole derivatives in good to excellent yields is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of N‐Substituted‐[1,2,4]triazoles and 1,2,4‐Triazole[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines.
Authors: Reddy Ch. Sanjeeva , Rao L. Sanjeeva , Sunitha B. , Nagaraj A.
Published: March 2016

New series of the title compounds are prepared and screened for their antibacterial activity against four human pathogenic bacteria, E.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Based Furopyran‐3‐ones: Synthesis via a Rare Carbonyl Nucleophilic 1,2‐Migration Induced by TMSOTf and Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Liu Hong‐Min , et al.
Published: March 2016

Mechanistic key step in the preparation of compounds (V) is a ring expansion involving a nucleophilic 1,2‐migration of a keto‐carbonyl.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnO Nanoparticles: An Efficient Green Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3‐Formyl Benzopyranones Chalcones by Claisen—Schmidt Reaction under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Chand Subhash , Sandhu Jagir S.
Published: March 2016

The protocol is simple, rapid, and environmentally benign.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of 4‐Arylquinolines via Intramolecular Cyclization of Allylamines and Ketones.
Authors: Wei Wen‐Tao , Cheng Ya‐Juan , Hu Yu , Chen Yan‐Yan , Zhang Xue‐Jing , Zou Yong , Yan Ming
Published: March 2016

In most cases, the title reaction yields the expected products under the mild conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naphtho‐Fused Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Through Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Saini Hitesh Kumar , Kaswan Pinku , Pericherla Kasiviswanadharaju , Kumar Anil
Published: March 2016

A copper‐catalyzed one‐pot tandem protocol is developed for the synthesis of naptho‐fused imidazopyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one via One‐Pot Biginelli Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Peng Huan , Hu Yulin , Xing Rong , Fang Dong
Published: March 2016

The efficient one‐pot three‐component reactions of various aromatic aldehydes, acetoacetate, and urea are catalyzed by novel heteropolyanion‐based ionic liquids.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dicarbonylation of Indoles Toward Solvatochromic Fluorescent Indole‐Substituted Quinoxalines.
Authors: Zhang Zeguang , Dai Zhihong , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: March 2016

The title reaction, in which α‐hydroxyketones serve as dicarbonylative reagents, is widely compatible with various functional groups, offering a straightforward access towards heterocycle‐substituted quinoxalines in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 1] vs [4 + 2]: Catalytic Intramolecular Coupling Between Cyclobutanones and Trisubstituted Allenes via C—C Activation.
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Dong Guangbin
Published: March 2016

The title reaction under either conditions A) or B), carried out with allenes containing an N‐Tos function, leads to formation of a [4.2.1]‐bicyclic nitrogen heterocycle with 2 quaternary carbon centers.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Crotophorbolone.
Authors: Asaba Taro , Katoh Yuki , Urabe Daisuke , Inoue Masayuki
Published: March 2016

The tricyclic crotophorbolone (I) is constructed by coupling of simple fragments.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Polyoxoniobates Decorated and Stabilized via Transition Metal Cations or Clusters
Authors: Wu Hong‐Li , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Li Yang‐Guang , Wang Xin‐Long , Wang En‐Bo
Published: March 2016

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Disclosing the Multi‐Faceted World of Weakly Interacting Inorganic Systems by Means of NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rocchigiani Luca , Macchioni Alceo
Published: March 2016

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Highlights in Mixed‐Coordinate Oligophosphorus Chemistry
Authors: Donath Maximilian , Hennersdorf Felix , Weigand Jan J.
Published: March 2016

Review: [167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cyanation Reactions
Authors: Kurono Nobuhito , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: March 2016

Review: 193 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoxazole — A Basic Aromatic Heterocycle: Synthesis, Reactivity and Biological Activity
Authors: Rajput S. S. , Patel S. N. , Jadhav Nilesh B.
Published: March 2016

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Selenium‐Containing 5‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Rafique Jamal , Canto Romulo F. S. , Saba Sumbal , Barbosa Flavio A. R. , Braga Antonio L.
Published: March 2016

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of β‐CD in Water as Supramolecular Catalysis
Authors: Srivastava Madhulika , Rai Pratibha , Singh Jaya , Yadav Snehlata , Tripathi Bhartendu Pati , Singh Jagdamba
Published: March 2016

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Substituted Ephedrines as Chiral Auxiliaries in Enantioselective Alkylation Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Cruz Alejandro , Padilla‐Martinez Itzia Irene , Bautista‐Ramirez Maria Esther
Published: March 2016

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Coombs John R. , Morken James P.
Published: March 2016

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of Design of Experiments (DoE) Reaction Optimization and Solvent Selection in the Development of New Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Murray Paul M. , Bellany Fiona , Benhamou Laure , Bucar Dejan‐Kresimir , Tabor Alethea B. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: March 2016

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Directed Dynamic Chirality Inversion in Functional Self‐Organized Helical Superstructures
Authors: Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Li Quan
Published: March 2016

Review: recent developments in the rational design of chiral guests with the capability for light‐directed chirality inversion of CLCs; 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrocoupling Routes to Element—Element Bonds Catalyzed by Main Group Compounds
Authors: Melen Rebecca L.
Published: March 2016

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline Earths as Main Group Reagents in Molecular Catalysis
Authors: Hill Michael S. , Liptrot David J. , Weetman Catherine
Published: March 2016

Review: [147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of the Synthesis of Acyclic and Cyclic Oxime Ethers
Authors: Mirjafary Zohreh , Abdoli Morteza , Saeidian Hamid , Kakanejadifard Ali , Farnia S. Morteza F.
Published: March 2016

Review: [257 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Radical Cation Mediated Cleavage of Catharanthine Leading to the Vinblastine Type Alkaloids: Implications for Total Synthesis and Drug Design
Authors: Alehashem Maryam Sadat , Lim Chuan‐Gee , Thomas Noel F.
Published: March 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Structure Guided Drug‐Discovery Approach Towards Identification of Plasmodium Inhibitors
Authors: Aneja Babita , Kumar Bhumika , Jairajpuri Mohamad Aman , Abid Mohammad
Published: March 2016

Review: 212 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Protected Diphosphenes
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki
Published: March 2016

Review: [31P NMR spectroscopic data, X‐ray results, preparative methods, and complex formations, theoretical calculations on (E)‐Mes*P=PMes*; 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Resurgence of the Highly Ylidic N‐Heterocyclic Olefins as a New Class of Organocatalysts
Authors: Crocker Reece D. , Nguyen Thanh V.
Published: March 2016

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photodynamic Activity of Fullerenes and Other Molecules Incorporated into Lipid Membranes by Exchange
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi
Published: March 2016

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Update of Biocatalytic Selective Acylation and Deacylation of Monosaccharides
Authors: Iribarren Adolfo M. , Iglesias Luis E.
Published: March 2016

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Piezo‐Phototronic‐Effect‐Enhanced Light‐Emitting Diodes and Pressure Imaging
Authors: Pan Caofeng , Chen Mengxiao , Yu Ruomeng , Yang Qing , Hu Youfan , Zhang Yan , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: March 2016

Review: [86 refs.
Robust prediction of the cumulative incidence function under non‐proportional subdistribution hazards
Authors: Liu Qing , Tang Gong , Costantino Joseph P. , Chang Chung‐Chou H.
Published: March 2016

Prediction of a cause‐specific cumulative incidence function (CIF) for data containing competing risks is of primary interest to clinicians when making treatment decisions for patients given their prognostic characteristics. The Fine–Gray regression model is widely used to incorporate multiple prognostic factors, yet it is not applicable when the assumption of proportional subdistribution hazards (PSH) does not hold. In this study we investigate the properties of the partial‐likelihood estimator from the Fine–Gray model under non‐proportionality and propose a robust risk prediction procedure that is not sensitive to the assumption and is more favourable in practice because it bypasses the complicated modelling of time‐varying covariate effects. We evaluate the prediction performance of our procedure in simulations and demonstrate an application in predicting the absolute risk of locoregional recurrence for breast cancer patients, given a set of prognostic factors in which not all of them satisfy the PSH assumption. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 127–141; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Kernel density estimation with Berkson error
Authors: Long James P. , El Karoui Noureddine , Rice John A.
Published: March 2016

Given a sample from we construct kernel density estimators for , the convolution of with a known error density . This problem is known as density estimation with Berkson error and has applications in epidemiology and astronomy. Little is understood about bandwidth selection for Berkson density estimation. We compare three approaches to selecting the bandwidth both asymptotically, using large‐sample approximations to the , and at finite samples, using simulations. Our results highlight the relationship between the structure of the error and the optimal bandwidth. In particular the results demonstrate the importance of smoothing when the error term is concentrated near 0. We propose a data‐driven bandwidth estimator and test its performance on NO exposure data. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 142–160; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Consistent two‐stage multiple change‐point detection in linear models
Authors: Jin Baisuo , Wu Yuehua , Shi Xiaoping
Published: March 2016

A two‐stage procedure for simultaneously detecting multiple change‐points in linear models is developed. In the cutting stage, the change‐point problem is converted into a model selection problem so that a modern model selection method can be applied. In the refining stage, the change‐points obtained in the cutting stage are finalized via a refining method. Under mild conditions, consistency of the number of change‐point estimates is established. The new procedure is fast and accurate, as shown in simulation studies. Its applicability in real situations is demonstrated via well‐log and ozone data.The Canadian Journal of Statistics44: 161–179; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Hayashi Tomohiro , Hasegawa Takuya , Kanzaki Hideaki , Funada Akira , Amaki Makoto , Takahama Hiroyuki , Ohara Takahiro , Sugano Yasuo , Yasuda Satoshi , Ogawa Hisao , Anzai Toshihisa
Published: March 2016

Aims

Altered thyroid hormone metabolism characterized by a low triiodothyronine (T3), so‐called low‐T3 syndrome, is a common finding in patients with severe systemic diseases. Additionally, subclinical thyroid dysfunction, defined as abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal thyroxine (T4), causes left ventricular dysfunction. Our objective was to identify the prevalence and prognostic impact of low‐T3 syndrome and subclinical thyroid dysfunction in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods and results

We examined 274 ADHF patients who were not receiving thyroid medication or amiodarone on admission (70 ± 15 years, 156 male), who underwent thyroid function tests. Euthyroidism was defined as TSH of 0.45 to 4.49 mIU/L; subclinical hypothyroidism as TSH of 4.5 to 19.9 mIU/L; and subclinical hyperthyroidism as TSH < 0.45 mIU/L, with normal free T4 level for the last two. Additionally, low‐T3 syndrome was defined as free T3 < 4.0 pmol/L among euthyroidism subjects. On admission, 188 patients (69%) showed euthyroidism, 58 (21%) subclinical hypothyroidism, 5 (2%) subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 95 (35%) low‐T3 syndrome. Cox proportional hazards models revealed that higher TSH, but not free T3 and free T4, was independently associated with composite cardiovascular events, including cardiac death and re‐hospitalization for heart failure. Indeed, subclinical hypothyroidism was an independent predictor (hazard ratio: 2.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.44 to 3.67; P < 0.001), whereas low‐T3 syndrome and subclinical hyperthyroidism were not.

Conclusions

Subclinical hypothyroidism on admission was an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in ADHF patients, suggesting a possible interaction between thyroid dysfunction and the pathophysiology of ADHF.
Vibration Modeling of PEM Fuel Cell for Prediction of Cell Number Effects by Experimental Data
Authors: Imen S. J. , Shakeri M.
Published: March 2016

One of the most important challenges in increasing the performance, reliability and lifetime of fuel cells is the mechanical load effects that occur on real applications. Therefore, the vibration model of fuel cell that predicts the behavior of various fuel cell layouts is very useful. The fuel cell is made up of different adjacent layers that may have semi opposite mechanical properties. This special structure leads to occurrence of non‐linear behavior of fuel cell under dynamic mechanical vibrations and so, a black box method is selected for modeling of its vibration behavior. In this study, the mechanical load experiments in various shape and axes were applied on five layouts of proposed fuel cell and the vibration of its body measure by some accelerometers. The NNARXM neural network is created and trained with the experimental data of three layouts of the fuel cell. Then, the prediction error of this neural network, validated with the two other experimental data of fuel cell layouts, by correlation coefficients and histogram of prediction errors. Neural network validation shows the well prediction of both untrained layout and suitable estimation for any desired layout.
Post‐sensitization administration of non‐digestible oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V reduces allergic symptoms in mice
Authors: van Esch Betty C. A. M. , Abbring Suzanne , Diks Mara A. P. , Dingjan Gemma M. , Harthoorn Lucien F. , Vos A. Paul , Garssen Johan
Published: March 2016

To support dietary management of severe cow's milk allergic infants, a synbiotic mixture of non‐digestible oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V (B. breve) was designed from source materials that are completely cow's milk‐free. It was investigated whether this specific synbiotic concept can reduce an established food allergic response in a research model for hen's egg allergy. Mice were orally sensitized once a week for 5 weeks to ovalbumin (OVA) using cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. Non‐sensitized mice received CT in PBS only. Sensitized mice were fed a control diet or a diet enriched with short‐chain‐ (scFOS) and long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (lcFOS), B. breve or scFOSlcFOS + B. breve for 3 weeks starting after the last sensitization. Non‐sensitized mice received the control diet. Anaphylactic shock symptoms, acute allergic skin responses and serum specific IgE, mMCP‐1 and galectin‐9 were measured upon OVA challenge. Activated Th2‐, Th1‐cells and regulatory T‐cells were quantified in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and cytokine profiles were analyzed. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured in ceacal samples. The acute allergic skin response was reduced in mice fed the scFOSlcFOS + B. breve diet compared to mice fed any of the other diets. A reduction in mast cell degranulation (mMCP‐1) and anaphylactic shock symptoms was also observed in these mice. Unstimulated splenocyte cultures produced increased levels of IL10 and IFNg in mice fed the scFOSlcFOS + B. breve diet. Correspondingly, increased percentages of activated Th1 cells were observed in the spleen. Allergen‐specific re‐stimulation of splenocytes showed a decrease in IL5 production. In summary; post‐sensitization administration of scFOSlcFOS + B. breve was effective in reducing allergic symptoms after allergen challenge. These effects coincided with changes in regulatory and effector T‐cell subsets and increases in the SCFA propionic acid. These results suggest immune modulatory benefits of dietary intervention with a unique combination of scFOSlcFOS + B. breve in established food allergy. Whether these effects translate to human applications is subject for ongoing clinical studies.
Intrapolyp steroid injection for nasal polyposis: Randomized trial of safety and efficacy
Authors: Kırıs Muzaffer , Muderris Togay , Yalçıner Gökhan , Bercin Sami , Sevil Ergun , Gul Fatih
Published: March 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Local and systemic steroid treatment is the mainstay of therapy for nasal polyposis. This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intrapolyp steroid injection on nasal polyposis and to compare the outcomes with short‐term oral steroid treatment.

Study Design

Prospective, randomized, controlled endoscopic clinical trial.

Methods

Ninety patients with nasal polyps were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day, tapering by 5 mg/day, for 2 weeks, or to receive intrapolyp steroid injection (40 mg/mL triamcinolone, 1 mL) for up to five times with intervals of 1 week. Both groups received fluticasone propionate nasal drops twice daily for 12 weeks after initial treatment. Total nasal symptoms scores and total nasal polyp scores of both groups were evaluated before and 3 and 6 months after treatment, whereas computed tomography (CT) scores were evaluated before and 6 months after treatment. Also, plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels of the patients in the intrapolyp steroid injection group were evaluated before, during, and after treatment.

Results

A total of 211 injections were given to 45 patients, and no serious complications were observed. Both groups showed significant decrease in symptom score, polyp score, and CT score (P > 0.001), with no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). Plasma cortisol and ACTH levels of the injected patients were in normal limits before treatment, 1 week after the first injection, and 1 week after the last injection.

Conclusion

Intrapolyp steroid injection appears to be an effective and safe method for treatment of nasal polyps, with comparable results to oral short‐term steroid treatment.

Level of Evidence

1b. Laryngoscope, 126:1730–1735, 2016
Does residual wall size or technique matter in the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum?
Authors: Shah Rupali N. , Slaughter Keimun A. , Fedore Lauren W. , Huang Benjamin Y. , Deal Allison M. , Buckmire Robert A.
Published: March 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

We aimed to compare three surgical techniques (open approach for diverticulectomy with cricopharyngeal myotomy [OA], endoscopic laser‐assisted diverticulotomy [ELD], and endoscopic stapler‐assisted diverticulotomy [ESD]) for treatment of Zenker's diverticulum with regard to validated swallowing outcomes, radiographic outcomes, complications, and revision rates. We statistically analyzed whether the size of residual postoperative party wall or the specific surgical technique correlates with swallowing outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review and radiographic study analysis.

Methods

A retrospective chart review and radiographic analysis of preoperative and postoperative contrast swallow studies were conducted on patients undergoing surgery for Zenker's diverticulum between 2002 and 2014 at our institution. A follow‐up validated swallowing outcome questionnaire, the Eating Assessment Tool‐10, was administered to measure and compare patients' symptomatic outcomes.

Results

Seventy‐three patients were reviewed and grouped according to technique. Median follow‐up was 1.6 years. ESD resulted in a significantly larger residual party wall than ELD and OA but yielded comparative swallowing outcomes. OA had the highest complication rate and ESD had the highest revision rate. There were no revisions after ELD nor OA.

Conclusions

Despite the predictably larger residual postoperative party wall following ESD, this technique produced statistically comparable swallowing outcomes. Given its low complication rate and comparable results, ESD should be considered first line therapy for medically high‐risk patients with Zenker's diverticulum, while acknowledging a higher risk of symptom recurrence. ELD, with its slightly greater risk profile but low recurrence rate, is well suited for most in revision cases. OA may best be reserved for those patients in whom endoscopic approach is not feasible.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 126:2475–2479, 2016
Improvement of toughness and shear properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites
Authors: Khashaba U.A.
Published: March 2016

In this work, Epocast 50‐A1/946 epoxy have been modified with different weight percentages (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.1, 1.25, and 1.5 wt%) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Because of Epocast epoxy was primarily developed for joining and repairing of composite aircraft structural components, the optimum weight percentage of MWCNTs must be determined based on trade‐offs between the optimum tensile, in‐plane shear and toughness properties of the developed MWCNTs‐composites, which is the objective of this study. The effect of MWCNTs on the toughness and in‐plane shear was studied using single‐edge notch tension and Iosipescu shear tests, respectively. The experimental results showed that the composite materials with 0.75 wt% MWCNTs has the highest improvement in the in‐plane shear properties compared to the neat epoxy. While the maximum improvements in the tensile and toughness properties were observed at 0.5 wt% MWCNTs. Eleven models were selected from an extensive literature survey, for predicting the in‐plane shear moduli of the developed MWCNTs‐composites. The modified rule of mixture can effectively predict the in‐plane shear moduli of the composites with MWCNTs up to 0.75 wt%. While the nonlinear behavior of the modified Halpin–Tsai model with exponential shape function is the closest to the experimental results up to 1.5 wt% MWCNTs. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:815–825, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mechanistic study of ring‐opening copolymerization of ɛ‐caprolactam with epoxide: Development of novel thermosetting epoxy resin system
Authors: Kudo Hiroto , Buya Kentaro
Published: March 2016

We investigated the mechanism of the ring‐opening copolymerization of ɛ‐caprolactam (ɛ‐CL) with glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) to afford poly(ɛ‐CL‐co‐GPE) as a model reaction of the thermal curing of certain epoxy resins with ɛ‐CL. The reaction of ɛ‐CL and GPE proceeded efficiently in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) at 170°C for 2 h. The monomer reactivities r1 of ɛ‐CL and r2 of GPE calculated according to the Fineman‐Ross method and the Kelen‐Tüdös method were 0.58 and 5.52, respectively. These values indicate that poly(ɛ‐CL‐co‐GPE) has a pseudo‐block gradient copolymer. Based on these results, we examined the thermal curing reactions of certain epoxy resins with ɛ‐CL. The corresponding novel cured products were obtained quantitatively, and each of them showed a high glass transition temperature and high thermal stability, presumably due at least in part to a pseudo‐block gradient primary structure resembling that of poly(ɛ‐CL‐co‐GPE). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2220–2228