bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da sonolência diurna e qualidade do sono em idosos e sua relação com a qualidade de vida
Authors: Magalhães Anna Carolina Rocha , Duarte Débora de Freitas , Batista Elaine dos Santos , Santos Andreia Moreira da Silva , Souza Juliana Aparecida de , Fernandes Viviane Lemos Silva , Ribeiro Fabiane Alves de Carvalho
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a sonolência diurna e a qualidade do sono em idosos e sua influência na qualidade de vida. Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e descritiva. Para avaliação da sonolência diurna foi utilizada a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE), para avaliação da qualidade do sono, o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP), e para avaliação da qualidade de vida o WHOQOL-BREF. Para analise e interpretação dos resultados os idosos foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a classificação da ESE e do IQSP. Resultados: Foram avaliados 128 idosos. Ao analisar a ESE, 24,2% dos idosos apresentaram uma pontuação igual ou maior a 11 pontos, o que indica Sonolência Diurna Excessiva (SDE). Quando avaliado a qualidade do sono, 69,6% dos idosos apresentaram pontuação superior a 5 no IQSP, o que indica sono ruim ou de má qualidade. Ao comparar através da ESE o grupo de idosos que não apresentaram SDE, com os idosos classificados com SDE, observou-se diferença significativa no domínio psicológico do WHOQOL-BREF, já ao comparar os idosos através do IQPS, houve diferença significativa para os domínios físico e ambiental. Conclusão: A ocorrência de sonolência diurna excessiva e a má qualidade do sono podem provocar impacto na qualidade de vida.
Melacak Otentisitas Hukum Islam Dalam Hadis Nabi (Studi Pemikiran Josepht Schacht)
Authors: Muhtador Mohammad
Published: December 2017

This article researche Joseph Schacht's idea of Islamic law. As an oriental’s, Schacht has competence in studying Islamic law with history perspective. Schacht's study of Islamic law on the basis of skepticism by historical criticism is a collection of analyzes in the study of the hadith of the Prophet. The conclusion is different from other thinkers. Schacht doubts the authenticity of Islamic law as a product of teaching, the article of Islamic law development cannot be separated from the interests of the ruler.
Teori Hudûd Muhammad Syahrur dan Kontribusinya dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an
Authors: Mustaqim Abdul
Published: December 2017

One of the great thinkers in the contemporary era is Muhammad Syahrûr, a Syrian liberal Islamic figure. Through his controversial works, al-Kitâb wal Qur’ân: Qirâ’ah Mu`âshirah, (al-Kitab and al-Qur’an: a Contemporary Reading) Syahrur introduces a new theory of Quranic interpretation, called as the theory of limits. He asserts that the theory of limits is an approach within ijtihad (individual interpretation) to study the muhkamât verses (clear and direct verses of law) of the Qur’an. The term limit (hudûd) used by Shahrur refers to the meaning of “the bounds or restrictions of God which should not be violated, contained in the dynamic, flexible, and elastic domain of ijtihad.”. By using the descriptive-analytical method, the article is talking about the contribution of the theory of limits in qur’anic interpretation that makes significant contributions to the enhancement of Qur’anic studies.
KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MIKROARTHROPODA PADA MIKROHABITAT KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Wahyuni Titik Tri , Widyastuti Rahayu , Santosa Dwi Andreas
Published: December 2017

Acari dan Collembola merupakan mikroarthropoda yang hidup di tanah dan lapisan serasah. Dalam ekosistem mikroarthropoda berperan aktif dalam proses dekomposisi yaitu dalam fragmentasi bahan organik sehingga dapat mempercepat penghancuran bahan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mikroarthropoda pada berbagai mikrohabitat kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu pengambilan sampel, ekstraksi dan identifikasi fauna tanah. Plot pengambilan sampel diambil dengan jarak 50 x 50 m yang terdiri dari 5 titik, setiap titik terdiri dari 11 mikrohabitat. Sampel diambil pada beberapa mikrohabitat kelapa sawit yaitu tanah dengan jarak 0 m; 1 m; 3m dari tanaman kelapa sawit, gawangan kompos, pelepah pada ketinggian 30 cm; 90 cm; 150 cm, epifit pada ketinggian 30 cm; 90 cm; 150 cm dan tonggak. Sampel diambil pada bulan Januari 2014. Ekstraksi mikroarthropoda menggunakan Kempson Extractor, sedangkan identifikasi dilakukan sampai tingkat subordo untuk Acari dan famili untuk Collembola. Kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mikroarthropoda dihitung menggunakan rumus kelimpahan menurut Meyer dan indeks keanekaragaman Shanonn (Shannon’s diversity index). Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mikroarthropoda di berbagai mikrohabitat digunakan analisis sidik ragam satu arah (one-way ANOVA) dan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroarthropoda tertinggi ditemukan pada pelepah dan epifit. Kelimpahan Acari tertinggi ditemukan pada mikrohabitat epifit dengan ketinggian 30 cm yaitu 4,408 individu m-2, sedangkan kelimpahan Collembola tertinggi ditemukan pada mikrohabitat pelepah dengan ketinggian 150 cm yaitu 6,173 individu m-2. Kondisi mikroklimat pada mikrohabitat pelepah dan epifit lebih sesuai untuk kehidupan mikroarthropoda dibandingkan dengan mikrohabitat yang diteliti. Keanekaragaman mikroarthropoda pada mikrohabitat kelapa sawit tergolong rendah berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon.
Kata kunci: Kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, mikroarthropoda, mikrohabitat, kelapa sawit
O ENSINO JURÍDICO NO BRASIL
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigues Neire Cristina , Victor Amaral Antonio Carlos , De Lima Andrade Vanessa
Published: December 2017

O artigo enfoca a questão do ensino jurídico no Brasil, tendo como marco inicial a colonização deste país e a partir daí o incremento que o Direito de fato teve com o passar do tempo. O estudo adequa dessa forma, uma historicidade a respeito desse ensino, sua expansão até a atualidade, e como está atualmente o ensino jurídico no Brasil. O presente artigo será desenvolvido com um conciso histórico do ensino jurídico no Brasil. Após, será apresentado o modelo de ensino dogmático ainda dominante nos dias de hoje e as novas legislações que tentam reverter este quadro. E, por fim, serão apresentados alguns caminhos que podem ser trilhados para se alcançar um ensino que forme profissionais habilitados para garantir a efetividade do Direito na conjuntura social. Palavras chave: Graduação em Direito. Dogmática. Ensino Jurídico. The article focuses on the issue of legal teaching in Brazil, having as an inicial mark the colonization of this country and, from there, the increament that the Law really had over the time. The study thus adapt a historicity about this teaching, its expansion to the present and how the legal teaching is currently in Brazil. This article will be developed with a concise historical history of legal education in Brazil. Afterwards, it will be presented the model of dogmatic teaching still dominant today and the new legislation that tries to reverse this situation. And, finally, some paths will be presented that can be traced to reach an education that will train professionals qualified to guarantee the effectiveness of Law in the social conjuncture. Keywords: Graduation in Law. Dogmatic. Legal Teaching.
Interlayer Properties of In-Situ Oxidized Porous Stainless Steel for Preparation of Composite Pd Membranes
Authors: Furones Laura , Alique David
Published: December 2017

Hydrogen is considered as a real alternative for improving the current energy scenario in the near future and separation processes are a crucial step for the economy of the process in both centralized and distributed production systems. In this context, Pd-based composite membranes appear as an attractive technology trying to reduce the Pd thickness by modifying the commercial supports, mainly formed by metals to fit properly in conventional industrial devices. In most cases, a final calcination step is required and hence, the metallic support can be oxidized. This work analyzes in detail the properties of intermediate layers generated by in-situ oxidation of tubular PSS supports as a crucial step for the preparation of Pd/PSS membranes. The oxidation temperature determines the modification of original morphology and permeability by increasing the presence of mixed iron-chromium oxides as temperature rises. A compromise solution need to be adopted in order to reduce the average pore mouth size and the external roughness, while maintaining a high permeation capacity. Temperature of 600 °C lets to reduce the average pore size from 3.5 to 2.1 μm or from 4.5 to 2.3 μm in case of using PSS supports with 0.1 or 0.2 μm porous media grades, respectively but maintaining a hydrogen permeation beyond targets of United States of America Department of Energy (US DOE). Lower temperatures provoke an insufficient surface modification, while greater values derive in a drastic reduction of permeability. In these conditions, two composite membranes were prepared by ELP-PP, obtaining 14.7 and 18.0 μm thick palladium layers in case of modifying PSS tubes of 0.1 or 0.2 μm media grades, respectively. In both cases, the composite Pd membranes exhibited a hydrogen perm-selectivity greater than 2000 with permeances ranged from 2.83 to 5.84·10−4 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−0.5 and activation energies of around 13–14 kJ mol−1.
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Suppresses Human Herpesvirus 8 Replication and Induces ROS Leading to Apoptosis and Autophagy in Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Tsai Ching-Yi , Chen Chang-Yu , Chiou Yee-Hsuan , Shyu Huey-Wen , Lin Kuan-Hua , Chou Miao-Chen , Huang Mei-Han , Wang Yi-Fen
Published: December 2017

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, has been shown to induce cell death in cancer cells. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive neoplasm caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). In this study, we examined the role of EGCG on PEL cells in cell death and HHV8 replication. We performed trypan blue exclusion assay to assess the cell viability of PEL cells, flow cytometry analysis to examine the cell cycle distribution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caspase-3 activity to assay apoptosis, acridine orange staining to determine autophagy, and immunoblotting to detect the protein levels involved in apoptosis and autophagy as well as mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation upon EGCG treatment. The expression of the HHV8 lytic gene was determined by luciferase reporter assay and reverse transcription-PCR, and viral progeny production was determined by PCR. Results revealed that EGCG induced cell death and ROS generation in PEL cells in a dose-dependent manner. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited the EGCG-induced ROS and rescued the cell from EGCG-induced cell death. Even though EGCG induced ROS generation in PEL cells, it reduced the production of progeny virus from PEL cells without causing HHV8 reactivation. These results suggest that EGCG may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of HHV8 infection and HHV8-associated lymphomas.
Carbapenem Resistance: A Review
Authors: Codjoe Francis , Donkor Eric
Published: December 2017

Carbapenem resistance is a major and an on-going public health problem globally. It occurs mainly among Gram-negative pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, and may be intrinsic or mediated by transferable carbapenemase-encoding genes. This type of resistance genes are already widespread in certain parts of the world, particularly Europe, Asia and South America, while the situation in other places such as sub-Saharan Africa is not well documented. In this paper, we provide an in-depth review of carbapenem resistance providing up-to-date information on the subject.
Comparative Study between Direct and Pseudomorphic Transformation of Rice Husk Ash into MFI-Type Zeolite
Authors: Alyosef Hallah , Roggendorf Hans , Schneider Denise , Inayat Alexandra , Welscher Julia , Schwieger Wilhelm , Münster Tom , Kloess Gert , Ibrahim Suzan , Enke Dirk
Published: December 2017

Pre-shaped mesoporous amorphous rice husk ash (RHA) and MCM-41 derived from RHA as a silica source were transformed into MFI-type zeolites using two different structure-directing agents. Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) was utilized as an alkali source for silica dissolution and structure control during the direct transformation of RHA into zeolite. A monopropylamine (PA)-containing alkaline solution (NaOH) was used for the pseudomorphic transformation of RHA or MCM-41 into zeolite. The hydrothermal conversion of RHA or MCM-41 into MFI-type zeolites was investigated as a function of reaction time at 175 °C. With PA as template, the crystallization took place inside and on the outer surface of RHA or MCM-41 without losing the original shape of the initial silica sources, while TPAOH led to the formation of conventional MFI-type zeolite crystals due to the complete dissolution of RHA. The final products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, and optical emission spectroscopy.
Energetic Di- and Trinitromethylpyridines: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Sun Xiaoyu , Yu Shannan , Bao Lingxiang , Sun Chenghui , Pang Siping
Published: December 2017

Pyridine derivatives based on the addition of trinitromethyl functional groups were synthesized by the reaction of N2O4 with the corresponding pyridinecarboxaldoximes, then they were converted into dinitromethylide hydrazinium salts. These energetic compounds were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray crystallography. These pyridine derivatives have good densities, positive enthalpies of formation, and acceptable sensitivity values. Theoretical calculations carried out using Gaussian 03 and EXPLO5 programs demonstrated good to excellent detonation velocities and pressures. Each of these compounds is superior in performance to TNT, while 2,6-bis(trinitromethyl)pyridine (D = 8700 m·s−1, P = 33.2 GPa) shows comparable detonation performance to that of RDX, but its thermal stability is too low, making it inferior to RDX.
Antinociceptive and Antibacterial Properties of Anthocyanins and Flavonols from Fruits of Black and Non-Black Mulberries
Authors: Chen Hu , Yu Wansha , Chen Guo , Meng Shuai , Xiang Zhonghuai , He Ningjia
Published: December 2017

Anthocyanins and flavones are important pigments responsible for the coloration of fruits. Mulberry fruit is rich in anthocyanins and flavonols, which have multiple uses in traditional Chinese medicine. The antinociceptive and antibacterial activities of total flavonoids (TF) from black mulberry (MnTF, TF of Morus nigra) and non-black mulberry (MmTF, TF of Morus mongolica; and MazTF, TF of Morus alba ‘Zhenzhubai’) fruits were studied. MnTF was rich in anthocyanins (11.3 mg/g) and flavonols (0.7 mg/g) identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tunable ultraviolet/mass single-quadrupole detection (UPLC–TUV/QDa). Comparatively, MmTF and MazTF had low flavonol contents and MazTF had no anthocyanins. MnTF showed significantly higher antinociceptive and antibacterial activities toward Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus than MmTF and MazTF. MnTF inhibited the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phospho-p65 (p-p65) and phospho-IκBα (p-IκBα), and increased interleukin 10 (IL-10). Additionally, mice tests showed that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), rutin (Ru) and isoquercetin (IQ) were the main active ingredients in the antinociceptive process. Stronger antinociceptive effect of MnTF was correlated with its high content of anthocyanins and flavonols and its inhibitory effects on proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway-related proteins.
Application of a General Computer Algorithm Based on the Group-Additivity Method for the Calculation of Two Molecular Descriptors at Both Ends of Dilution: Liquid Viscosity and Activity Coefficient in Water at Infinite Dilution
Authors: Naef Rudolf , Acree William
Published: December 2017

The application of a commonly used computer algorithm based on the group-additivity method for the calculation of the liquid viscosity coefficient at 293.15 K and the activity coefficient at infinite dilution in water at 298.15 K of organic molecules is presented. The method is based on the complete breakdown of the molecules into their constituting atoms, further subdividing them by their immediate neighborhood. A fast Gauss–Seidel fitting method using experimental data from literature is applied for the calculation of the atom groups’ contributions. Plausibility tests have been carried out on each of the calculations using a ten-fold cross-validation procedure which confirms the excellent predictive quality of the method. The goodness of fit (Q2) and the standard deviation (σ) of the cross-validation calculations for the viscosity coefficient, expressed as log(η), was 0.9728 and 0.11, respectively, for 413 test molecules, and for the activity coefficient log(γ)∞ the corresponding values were 0.9736 and 0.31, respectively, for 621 test compounds. The present approach has proven its versatility in that it enabled the simultaneous evaluation of the liquid viscosity of normal organic compounds as well as of ionic liquids.
Recyclable Keggin Heteropolyacids as an Environmentally Benign Catalyst for the Synthesis of New 2-Benzoylamino-N-phenyl-benzamide Derivatives under Microwave Irradiations at Solvent-Free Conditions and the Evaluation of Biological Activity
Authors: Ighilahriz-Boubchir Karima , Boutemeur-Kheddis Baya , Rabia Cherifa , Makhloufi-Chebli Malika , Hamdi Maamar , Silva Artur
Published: December 2017

2-Benzoylamino-N-phenyl-benzamide derivatives (5a–h) were prepared from 2-phenyl-3,1-(4H)-benzoxazin-4-one 3 and substituted anilines 4a–h in the presence of a Keggin-type heteropolyacids series (H3PW12O40·13H2O; H4SiW12O40·13H2O; H4SiMo12O40·13H2O; and H3PMo12O40·13H2O) as catalysts without solvent and under microwave irradiation. We found that the use of H3PW12O40·13H2O acid coupled to microwave irradiation allowed obtaining a high-yielding reaction with a short time. The compound structures were established by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized compounds exhibited an inhibition of the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Central Nervous System: Targeting Principles, Applications and Safety Issues
Authors: D’Agata Federico , Ruffinatti Federico , Boschi Silvia , Stura Ilaria , Rainero Innocenzo , Abollino Ornella , Cavalli Roberta , Guiot Caterina
Published: December 2017

One of the most challenging goals in pharmacological research is overcoming the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) to deliver drugs to the Central Nervous System (CNS). The use of physical means, such as steady and alternating magnetic fields to drive nanocarriers with proper magnetic characteristics may prove to be a useful strategy. The present review aims at providing an up-to-date picture of the applications of magnetic-driven nanotheranostics agents to the CNS. Although well consolidated on physical ground, some of the techniques described herein are still under investigation on in vitro or in silico models, while others have already entered in—or are close to—clinical validation. The review provides a concise overview of the physical principles underlying the behavior of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) interacting with an external magnetic field. Thereafter we describe the physiological pathways by which a substance can reach the brain from the bloodstream and then we focus on those MNP applications that aim at a nondestructive crossing of the BBB such as static magnetic fields to facilitate the passage of drugs and alternating magnetic fields to increment BBB permeability by magnetic heating. In conclusion, we briefly cite the most notable biomedical applications of MNPs and some relevant remarks about their safety and potential toxicity.
Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept
Authors: Göhler Daniel , Große Stephan , Bellendorf Alexander , Falkenstein Thomas Albert , Ouaissi Mehdi , Zieren Jürgen , Stintz Michael , Giger-Pabst Urs
Published: December 2017

Background: The delivery of aerosolised chemotherapeutic substances into pressurised capnoperitonea has been reported to be more effective than conventional liquid chemotherapy for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, recent reports reveal limitations of the currently available technology.

Material and Methods: A novel approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC), called hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT), based on extracavitary generation of hyperthermic and unipolar charged aerosols, was developed. The aerosol size distribution, the spatial drug distribution and in-tissue depth penetration of HINAT were studied by laser diffraction spectrometry, differential electrical mobility analysis, time of flight spectrometry, scintigraphic peritoneography and fluorescence microscopy. All experiments were performed contemporaneous with conventional PIPAC for the purpose of comparison. Furthermore, a first proof of concept was simulated in anesthetised German Landrace pigs.

Results: HINAT provides a nanometre-sized (63 nm) unipolar-charged hyperthermic (41 °C) drug aerosol for quasi uniform drug deposition over the whole peritoneum with significantly deeper drug penetration than that offered by conventional PIPAC.
The Parametric Instability of Alfvén Waves: Effects of Temperature Anisotropy
Authors: Tenerani Anna , Velli Marco , Hellinger Petr
Published: December 2017

We study the stability of large-amplitude, circularly polarized Alfvén waves in an anisotropic plasma described by the double-adiabatic/CGL closure, and in particular the effect of a background thermal pressure anisotropy on the well-known properties of Alfvén wave parametric decay in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Anisotropy allows instability over a much wider range of values of parallel plasma beta (β
∥) when ξ = p
0⊥/p
0∥ > 1. When the pressure anisotropy exceeds a critical value, ξ ≥ ξ* with ξ* ≃ 2.7, there is a new regime in which the parametric instability is no longer quenched at high β
∥, and in the limit β
∥ ≫ 1, the growth rate becomes independent of β
∥. In the opposite case of ξ < ξ*, the instability is strongly suppressed with increasing parallel plasma beta, similarly to the MHD case. We analyze marginal stability conditions for parametric decay in the (ξ, β
∥) parameter space and discuss possible implications for Alfvénic turbulence in the solar wind.
Lactobacillus kunkeei strains decreased the infection by honey bee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Nosema ceranae
Authors: Arredondo D. , Castelli L. , Porrini M.P. , Garrido P.M. , Eguaras M.J. , Zunino P. , Antúnez K.
Published: December 2017

Due to their social behaviour, honey bees can be infected by a wide range of pathogens including the microsporidia Nosema ceranae and the bacteria Paenibacillus larvae. The use of probiotics as food additives for the control or prevention of infectious diseases is a widely used approach to improve human and animal health. In this work, we generated a mixture of four Lactobacillus kunkeei strains isolated from the gut microbial community of bees, and evaluated its potential beneficial effect on larvae and adult bees. Its administration in controlled laboratory models was safe for larvae and bees; it did not affect the expression of immune-related genes and it was able to decrease the mortality associated to P. larvae infection in larvae and the counts of N. ceranae spores from adult honey bees. These promising results suggest that this beneficial microorganism’s mixture may be an attractive strategy to improve bee health. Field studies are being carried out to evaluate its effect in naturally infected colonies.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With the Subretinal Implant Retina Implant Alpha IMS
Authors: Kuehlewein Laura , Kitiratschky Veronique , Gosheva Mariya , Edwards Thomas L. , MacLaren Robert E. , Groppe Markus , Kusnyerik Akos , Soare Cristina , Jackson Timothy L. , Sun Chen-Hsin , Chee Caroline , Sachs Helmut , Stingl Krunoslav , Wilhelm Barbara , Gekeler Florian , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Zrenner Eberhart , Stingl Katarina
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to assess changes in retinal structure and thickness after subretinal implantation of the Retina Implant Alpha IMS (Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging was performed to assess the structure and thickness of the retina anterior to the microphotodiode array preoperatively, within 6 weeks and 6 months ± 1 month after implantation. Thickness measurements were performed using the distance tool of the built-in software. Three thickness measurements were performed in each of the four quadrants of the retina on the microchip within 6 weeks and 6 months ± 1 month after implantation.

RESULTS:

The mean ± standard deviation change in retinal thickness from within 6 weeks to 6 months ± 1 month after implantation in all four quadrants combined was 24 μm ± 68 μm. None of the tested variables (location, time, or their interaction) had a statistically significant effect on the mean retinal thickness (
P
= .961,
P
= .131, and
P
= .182, respectively; n = 19).

CONCLUSION:

The authors report on qualitative and quantitative findings in retinal structure in 27 patients after subretinal implantation of the Retina Implant Alpha IMS using OCT technology. No significant changes of retinal thickness could be observed in a period of 6 months after surgery. With more patients receiving subretinal implants and with advanced OCT technology, the data set will be extended to study possible changes in retinal structure in finer detail.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:993–999.]
A Frag Bag for Efficient Removal of Dislocated Nuclear Material
Authors: Berry Duncan E. , Walter Scott D. , Fekrat Sharon
Published: December 2017

Dislocated nuclear material may be present in the vitreous cavity following complicated cataract surgery, closed globe injury, or spontaneous dislocation of the crystalline lens. The authors report herein a method to remove larger pieces of retained nuclear material during vitrectomy surgery with a retractable basket made from nitinol referred to as the “Frag Bag” (patent pending). Although originally designed for cystoscopic removal of kidney stones, this instrument fits easily through a 23-gauge vitrectomy port. The basket allows for retrieval of larger pieces of retained nuclear material with stabilization of the lens material in the mid-vitreous cavity and softening of the nuclear material to allow efficient and safe removal with the vitreous cutter, away from the retinal surface. Use of the Frag Bag may potentially improve the safety and efficiency of a pars plana lensectomy by obviating the need for a phacofragmatome and decreasing the number of times instruments are brought close to the retinal surface.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:1006–1008.]
Pérdida de ductilidad debido a la descarburación y pérdida de Mn de un acero TWIP de tamaño de grano grosero
Authors: De las Cuevas Fernando , Gil Sevillano Javier
Published: December 2017

Se ha observado una clara transición de la ductilidad a tracción con el tamaño de grano D del orden 15 μm - 20 μm (1,50 μm ≤ D < 50 μm) en un acero TWIP, 22% de Mn, 0,6% de C (% en masa). Este comportamiento es una combinación de un efecto intrínseco del tamaño de grano D en la resistencia y el endurecimiento por deformación del material, con un efecto extrínseco, proceso de descarburación superficial y pérdida de Mn ocurrido durante los tratamientos de recocido a T ≥ 1000 ºC. En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado en profundidad este efecto extrínseco sucedido en el acero TWIP. Se han realizado análisis por GDOES (Espectroscopia Óptica de Descarga Luminiscente) para estudiar cuantitativamente los perfiles de concentración de C y Mn. La profundidad de descarburación superficial se ha modelizado usando la teoría de Birks-Jackson. Se ha observado vía ferritoscopio que, en el volumen descarburizado, coexisten dos microconstituyentes: α’-martensita y γ-austenita. La ductilidad del acero TWIP de tamaño de grano grosero, sometido a altas temperaturas y largos tiempos de recocido, disminuye como consecuencia de la formación de α’-martensita y γ-austenita menos estable con menor energía de defectos de apilamiento, EDA, debido a la pérdida de Mn en el volumen descarburizado.
Implementing Emerging Technologies to Support Work-Integrated Learning in Allied Health Education
Authors: Rao Ganeshan , Shuker Mary-Ann , Loudon Robert
Published: December 2017

The adoption and implementation of new technology to support work-integrated learning (WIL) is often challenging for staff and students. In this chapter, the authors discuss the processes and decisions involved from early piloting to potential institutional adoption of relevant technology (emerging or otherwise) and provide practical tools for the readers' use. The discussion is supported by evidence from allied health programs at a large higher education institution in Australia and identifies issues, controversies, and problems involved in new technology adoption. The importance of clarifying the pedagogical need before looking to technology is reinforced. Guidelines for identifying emerging and/or innovative use of current technologies are described, followed by discussion of considerations for selection of technologies that best align with the educational requirement.
Synthesis of Electrocatalysts for Electrochemistry in Energy
Authors: Marquez Olga , Jairo Márquez P
Published: December 2017

The increasing population demands clean and green energy, encouraging scientists and technologists to make their best effort to develop renewable, available, and low-cost acquisition of non-conventional energy. Researchers in Catalysis and Electrochemistry, working together, have reached good achievements when focused in electrochemistry studies that are under development for alternative, renewable, capture, conversion, storage, supply, uses, and applications of energy. This is called Electrochemistry in energy. The symbiosis Electrochemistry-Catalysis is fundamental in this field for successful results. Important achievements are nowadays found in literature and some of them are reported here with emphasis in the use of electrochemistry for electrosynthesis of the named photoelectrocatalysts. Thus, photoelectrocatalysts, photocatalysts, and catalysts are of importance in many of the aspects involved in the term Electrochemistry in energy. This is such a wide field, with many aspects presented here, that the authors give an appropriate view and pedagogical standpoint for the readers.
Educação e liberdade: a formação do habitus enquanto elemento crítico fundamental à teoria da emancipação
Authors: Platt Adreana Dulcina , Dutra Delamar José Volpato
Published: December 2017

O estudo verifica a caminhada cumulativa do sujeito submetido originalmente ao estado da natureza (hominização) para a condição de ‘ser humano’ constituído por elementos da complexidade instrumental e cognitiva (humanização). A educação se torna o eixo de constituição da hominização para a humanização, por meio dos pressupostos de incorporação do habitus de uma natureza humana. Por meio da Teoria Materialista histórica, descreveremos o habitus enquanto o exercício de práticas reiteradas e incorporadas na formação do sujeito, constituindo-se em uma ‘segunda natureza’. Pela Teoria da Emancipação, descrita em Kant e Horkheimer e Adorno, verificaremos o status de libertação dos sujeitos pela incorporação de uma prática inscrita primariamente no mundo da razão (ética e estética) ou pela ação educacional negativa.
Progressão do conhecimento histórico entre o ensino fundamental e o ensino médio: um olhar sobre o livro didático
Authors: Caimi Flávia Eloisa , Oliveira Sandra Regina Ferreira de
Published: December 2017

O presente estudo aborda o tema da progressão do conhecimento histórico, circunscrevendo-o ao âmbito da transição do ensino fundamental para o ensino médio. Entende-se que a integração dos três níveis de escolarização em uma mesma etapa da educação básica exige que se evoquem critérios de progressão. Com base nesse pressuposto, faz-se uma análise comparada entre oito coleções didáticas de História, com o propósito de investigar as estratégias mobilizadas para garantir a progressão do conhecimento histórico. O foco da análise recai sobre o tema da construção da temporalidade histórica, em virtude da centralidade de tal noção nos processos de ensinar e aprender História. A exposição se organiza em três seções, iniciando com uma breve discussão sobre as características gerais das transições educativas, seguindo com uma revisão da literatura acerca do tema da progressão do conhecimento histórico e finalizando com a abordagem analítica sobre o corpus selecionado. Os resultados preliminares apontam que as obras didáticas tratam a temporalidade histórica predominantemente a partir do tempo físico, repetindo, no ensino médio, praticamente a mesma abordagem desenvolvida no ensino fundamental, o que evidencia limitada preocupação com a progressão e a complexificação do domínio das noções temporais entre os dois segmentos.
A oikonomia nas epístolas de Paulo: notas sobre a “hermenêutica” de Agamben
Authors: Venturini Rafael
Published: December 2017

Acompanhando a reconstrução da origem do conceito teológico de oikonomia, que Giorgio Agamben oferece na obra O Reino e a Glória: Uma Genealogia Teológica da Economia e do Governo: Homo sacer II, 2 (2011), o artigo propõe uma releitura dos trechos nos quais, em suas cartas às igrejas, o apóstolo Paulo utiliza o termo grego. Essa releitura confirma a proposição geral do filósofo italiano, de que a compreensão da oikonomia como uma “administração” dos homens e das coisas, como um paradigma gerencial, não parece ter sofrido alterações semânticas expressivas nos escritos de Paulo e na linguagem corrente entre os cristãos até o fastígio do Império Romano. Não obstante, tal releitura acaba por indicar fragilidades significativas em O Reino e a Glória, as quais podem ser constatadas tanto pelo leitor não especializado como pelos estudiosos de Agamben nos campos da filosofia, da teologia e da economia política. Essas notas sobre a obra de Agamben são, por fim, uma tentativa de estabelecer um diálogo com outros textos recentemente publicados no Brasil sobre o autor.
Homossexualidade: psicanálise, religião e educação
Authors: Do Espirito Santo Eliseu Roque
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a homossexualidade. Destina-se a verificar os esforços da psicanálise clássica para entender e definir o fenômeno da homossexualidade, que para muitos até hoje ainda é cercado por mistério, e entender como o tema é tratado dentro das igrejas cristãs e da escola. O autor conclui que os esforços iniciais da psicanálise clássica para entender o fenômeno da homossexualidade foram destinados a aliviar o sofrimento daqueles que enfrentaram o problema e procuraram ajuda terapêutica. Atualmente, a psicanálise/psicologia tende a ver a homossexualidade como um mero resultado de uma construção social, a fim de classificar os indivíduos. Na esfera religiosa, as igrejas cristãs especificamente, a homossexualidade é vista como pecado e transgressão da lei divina e da natureza. No entanto, os princípios de amor, justiça e graça, juntamente com as necessidades práticas das igrejas tendem a mudar no futuro a perspectiva de igrejas sobre o assunto. A escola é outro espaço na sociedade onde a homossexualidade manifesta-se, seja nos corpos dos sujeitos ou em materiais educativos. Observa-se no Brasil um esforço para tornar a escola um espaço para a discussão de questões de sexualidade e gênero, bem como de reconhecimento da identidade de gênero.
A curadoria da literatura na educação básica: aproximações entre os booktubers e docentes
Authors: Mendonça Guilherme Primo , Menon Maurício Cesar , Oliveira Marilu Martens , Catelão Evandro Melo
Published: December 2017

No estudo aqui apresentado, procuramos relacionar a prática dos booktubers e o exercício da curadoria a ser adotado pelo docente de educação básica, no que tange à literatura. Para tanto, pela pesquisa bibliográfica, aproximamos autores como Candido (2011), e Cortella & Dimenstein (2015) para discutirmos a proteção do direito à literatura pelo professor. Em outro momento, duas análises são realizadas: a primeira contempla considerações — pela análise documental — sobre a composição de canais da plataforma Youtube dedicados à literatura. Na segunda, a qual é guiada pela pesquisa com survey (FONSECA, 2002), analisamos parte de um questionário respondido pelos donos desses canais. Tais análises e pesquisa nos levam a concluir que há abertura para que seja debatida a questão da nomenclatura para os sujeitos que interagem com seu público pela escrita ou por vídeos, e, assim, defender os booktubers também enquanto curadores da literatura. Dessa maneira, o professor seria visto como curador literário e dos canais inseridos no Youtube e os donos desses como curadores literários online.
Physical activity, BMI and metabolic risk in Portuguese adolescents
Authors: Santos Fernanda Karina dos , Gomes Thayse Natacha Queiroz Ferreira , Souza Michele Caroline de , Chaves Raquel Nichele , Santos Daniel Monteiro de Vilhena , Pereira Sara Isabel Sampaio , Borges Alessandra Da Silva , Maia José António Ribeiro
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p103 It has been reported, in the last decades, a significant decrease in physical activity (PA) levels, with a consequent increase in obesity and metabolic risk factors among youth. The aims of this study were to describe PA levels, the prevalence of overweight/obesity and metabolic risk factors, and to examine the association between PA and body mass index (BMI) with metabolic risk among Portuguese youth. The sample comprises 212 Portuguese adolescents (12-16 years old). Height and weight were measured. PA was estimated with the Bouchard questionnaire (3 days recall), as well as with the use of a pedometer (used for 5 consecutive days). Metabolic risk factors comprised fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference. Subjects were classified as normal weight, overweight or obese according to BMI; the maturational status was indirectly estimated with the maturity offset procedure. A continuous metabolic risk score was computed (zMR) and PA values were divided into tertiles. Qui-square test, t-test and ANOVA were used in statistical analyses. SPSS 18.0 and WinPepi softwares were used and p<0.05. A moderate to high prevalence of overweight/obesity and HDL-cholesterol was found, as well as a high prevalence of high blood pressure and low to moderate PA levels among Portuguese youth. The relationship between BMI and zMR showed that obese adolescents have higher zMR when compared to normal weight or overweight adolescents. This finding suggests that increased levels of PA and reduction in the prevalence of overweight/obesity may have a positive role against the development of metabolic risk factors.
Thermoregulation of competitive artistic gymnastic athletes and non-athlete girls exercising in the heat
Authors: Leites Gabriela Tomedi , Sehl Paulo Lague , Cunha Giovani Dos Santos , Detoni Filho Adriano , Meyer Flavia
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n2p143 It’s unclear whether the combination of intense, chronic training and heat exposure during prepubescence improves thermoregulatory responses to exercise in artistic gymnastics athletes. The objective of this study was to compare thermoregulatory and perceptual responses between artistic gymnastics athletes and non-athlete girls while exercising both in heat and thermoneutral conditions. Seven athletes (8.7 ± 1.3 yrs) and 7 nonathletes (9.4 ± 1.5 yrs) cycled for 30 min at load (W) of ~55% VO2peak, on two separate occasions in a randomized order: heat (35˚C, 40% relative humidity) and thermoneutral conditions (24˚C, 50% relative humidity). Rectal temperature, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, thermal comfort and irritability were measured throughout the exercise. Initial rectal temperature was similar between athletes and non-athletes in both heat (37.2 ± 0.4 vs. 37.4 ± 0.2˚C, respectively) and thermoneutral conditions (37.3 ± 0.2 vs. 37.3 ± 0.3˚C). Final rectal temperature was similar between groups (38.0 ± 0.2 vs. 38.2 ± 0.2˚C in heat and 37.8 ± 0.2 vs. 37.9 ± 0.2˚C in thermoneutral conditions). Initial heart rate was lower in athletes in the heat (76 ± 7 vs. 91 ± 11 bpm, P = 0.01); however, throughout cycling, it became similar between groups. Athletes reported similar perceptual responses compared to non-athletes, with the exception of higher thermal comfort in the 10th minute of exercise in thermoneutral conditions (P = 0.003). It was concluded that athletes were similar to non-athletes with respect to thermoregulatory and perceptual responses during 30 min of cycling at similar relative intensities.
Association between private and public places and practice of physical activity in adults
Authors: Nakamura Priscila Missaki , Teixeira Inaian Pignatti , Hino Adriano Akira F , Kerr Jacqueline , Kokubun Eduardo
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p297 There are some studies that showed the relationship between built environment with practice of physical activity during leisure-time and active transportation in the adult population. However, this relationship may be influence by type and intensity of physical activity. The aim of this study was to verify association between public and private places for engaging in different types of physical activity in adults of Rio Claro City, Brazil. Cross sectional study with representative sample of 1588 adults with a mean age of 45.7±17.0 years completed the IPAQ-long form. Geographic Information System data were employed to assess the built environment. The time to different physical activity types were divided in actives (≥10 min/week) and inactive (<10 min/week). Poisson Multilevel Regression Analysis was performed in the Stata version 12.0. After adjusting for confounders, walking during leisure-time was positively associated with São Paulo’s Social Vulnerability Index (SSVI) categories of 1 (PR=2.77) through 5 (PR=1.94) and negatively associated with population density higher than 68 km/m2 (PR=0.70). Vigorous intensity physical activity was negatively associated with distance greater than 596 metes of private places to practice physical activity (PR=0.50). Total leisure time physical activity was positively associated with SSVI 1 (PR=2.48) and 5 (RP=1.89). Moderate intensity physical activity was not associated with built environment factors. There were differents associations between the built environment factors with leisure time PA except to moderate intensity physical activity.
Efeitos do polimento na potência aeróbia máxima em atletas de indoor soccer
Authors: Fortes Leonardo De Sousa , Vianna Jeferson Macedo , Silva Delton Manoel dos Santos , Gouvea Marcio André , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p341 The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of tapering on maximum aerobic power (VO2max) in young male indoor soccer athletes. Participants were 78 athletes aged 12-17 years randomly divided into experimental (EG) and control group (CG). Both groups did the same training planning until the last three weeks (tapering phase). Only EG performed tapering. Tapering lasted three weeks adopting the linear tapering method. VO2max was estimated by Yo-Yo intermittent Recovery Level 1 early in the season and in the last week of each. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted for repeated measures to compare VO2max among groups according to mesocycle. The results presented effect of time (F (4.74)= 42.02, p = 0.01) and group (F (2.76) = 35.87, p = 0.01). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the implementation of the tapering strategy in the last weeks of training is more efficient to improve VO2max than the constant maintenance of loads.
The Influence of Different Performance Level of Fencers on Simple and Choice Reaction Time
Authors: Balkó Štefan , Borysiuk Zbigniev , Šimonek Jaromír
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p391 In many sport disciplines reaction time plays a key role in the sport performance. It is good to point out for example ball games or fighting sports (fencing, karate etc.). The research is focused on detection of the differences in the simple and choice reaction time during visual stimulation among elite, sub-elite fencers and beginners. For the measurement a Fitrosword device and the SWORD software were used. An additional stimulus was added during measuring which should increase the overall number of stimuli, but shouldn’t force fencer to any reaction whatsoever. The results from presented study can be compared with Hicks law. The next focus of the study was to identify the difference in reaction time during two different movement tasks with different complexity movement requirements. The research was built up on a hypothesis that the results will differ among different performance groups of fencers. The difference however was overt among beginners and elite fencers (p = 0.0088, d = 0.5) in reaction time during different movement tasks (direct hit vs. lunge). The results of this research could be useful to trainers for training process organisation and increase the effectivity of muscle coordination during several movements in fencing.
Stability of behaviour patterns in the 200m breaststroke
Authors: Louro Hugo , Silva António J , Campaniço Jorge , Matos Telmo , Conceição Ana
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p401 The aim of this study was to analyse the stability of the breaststroke technique in five elite swimmers in a 200m event using a qualitative analysis. The codification of the behaviour of each swimmer during the execution of 20 cycles was achieved using an ad hoc observational instrument comprised of a system of categories and field formats to detect the behavioural patterns (T-patterns); software was used for identifying the technical behaviour of stable structures. The results showed that the stability behaviour varied depending on the swimmer, as the variations of codes in each round produced distinct configurations to determine the differences between cycles for the same swimmer. It was concluded that the instrument used in this study plays an important role through the existence of stable behaviour in the breaststroke technique. It was also concluded that there are distinct patterns and behaviours between swimmers during each lap of the race.