bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controversies in Psychiatry: Sleep Markers in Depression-Facts or Artifacts?
Authors: Keshavan Matcheri S , Reyholds Charles F , Ganguli Mary
Published: May 2014

This article is the second in a series called Controversies in Psychiatry. The debate series was held for senior residents in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC). The debates were designed to introduce residents to controversial topics in psychiatry and to allow the residents to observe and participate in live debates between experts.

The speakers in this debate were Matchen S. Keshavan, MD and Charles F. Reynolds III, MD. Mary Ganguli, MD, MPH organized and moderated the debate, and edited the manuscript.
Schizophrenia Diagnosis
Authors: Iqbal Naveed , Schwartz Bruce J , Cecil Alec , Imran Zahid , Canal Constantin
Published: May 2014

The last century has witnessed many attempts to establish schizophrenia as a disease entity
Neurophysiological Approaches to Analyzing Brain Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Javitt Daniel C
Published: May 2014

Major mental illnesses in general, and schizophrenia in particular, are associated with abnormalities of cortical information processing.
Schizophrenia as a Neurobehavioral Disorder
Authors: Merriam Arnold E , Medalia Alice A , Wyszynski Bernard
Published: May 2014

Every symptom seen in schizophrenia is encountered in other primary neurological disorders.
A Selective Review of Recent Advances in the Management of Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Szymanski Sally , Munne Raphael , Gordon Mark Forrest , Lieberman Jeffrey
Published: May 2014

The treatment of the dyskinesia may need to be targeted to the type of movement displayed.
Psychosocial Treatments of Schizophrenia
Authors: Schwartz Bruce J , Cecil Alec , Iqbal Naveed
Published: May 2014

Much progress has been made over the past 10 to 15 years in the understanding of the important role of psychosocial interventions in improving outcomes and preventing relapses.
Benzodiazepine Use at the Medicine/Psychiatry Interface
Authors: Peden James G
Published: May 2014

Psychiatrists and primary care physicians alike are increasingly called upon to manage patients with combined medical and psychiatric problems.
Relationship Between Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors
Authors: Kaye Walter H , Weltzin Theodore , Hsu L K George
Published: May 2014

In anorexics, compulsive behaviors, such as hand-washing, may be present and may justify the additional diagnosis of obsessivecompulsive disorder.
Hypochondriasis: Treatment Strategies
Authors: Fallon Brian A , Klein Brian W , Liebowitz Michael R
Published: May 2014

Given the frequency of this disorder, it is surprising that the research community has largely ignored investigating treatment strategies.
The Family and Cancer
Authors: Meissner W W
Published: May 2014

Despite the basic physical pathology of neoplastic disease, the evidence exists to suggest that it does not evade the reach of psychosomatic influences.
The Profile of Family Interactions
Authors: Howells John G
Published: May 2014

To understand a person's life experience it becomes necessary to identify all his significant interactions (inside and outside his family) and to know the length and quality of each relationship.
Pituitary and Adrenal Changes in Depression
Authors: Krishnan K Ranga Rama
Published: May 2014

Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the HPA abnormalities seen in depression or the relative contribution of each of the different structures involved in the regulation of the HPA axis.
The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Musselman Dominique L , Nemeroff Charles B
Published: May 2014

Corticotropin-releasing factor is the major physiological regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Psychiatric Medication During Pregnancy: Understanding and Minimizing Risks
Authors: Miller Laura J
Published: May 2014

Known risks to the fetus must be weighed against the risks of untreated psychiatric disorders during pregnancy.
The Epidemiology, Attitudes, and Pharmacology of LSD Use in the 1990s
Authors: Gold Mark S
Published: May 2014

Use of LSD, and hallucinogens in general, appears to be increasing, according to surveys of high school students.
MDMA: Its History and Pharmacology
Authors: McDowell David M , Kleber Herbert D
Published: May 2014

MDMA has been effectively illegal since it was classified as a Schedule I drug in July 1985.
Truth Beyond History: Pitfalls and Challenges
Authors: Bourne David J
Published: May 2014

When a patient is involved in litigation, some of the very issues that assist a positive therapeutic relationship can undermine the information that a treating therapist presents to the court.
What is Occupational Therapy's Role in Addressing Sleep Problems among Older Adults?
Authors: Leland Natalie E. , Marcione Nicole , Niemiec Stacey L. Schepens , Kelkar Kaivalya , Fogelberg Don
Published: May 2014

Sleep problems, prevalent among older adults, are associated with poor outcomes and high health care costs. In 2008, rest and sleep became its own area of occupation in the American Occupational Therapy Association's Occupational Therapy Practice Framework. The current scoping review examined a broad context of sleep research to highlight efficacious interventions for older adults that fall within the occupational therapy scope of practice and present an agenda for research and practice. Four sleep intervention areas clearly aligned with the practice framework, including cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, physical activity, multicomponent interventions, and other interventions. Occupational therapy is primed to address sleep problems by targeting the context and environment, performance patterns, and limited engagement in evening activities that may contribute to poor sleep. Occupational therapy researchers and clinicians need to work collaboratively to establish the evidence base for occupation-centered sleep interventions to improve the health and quality of life of older adults.
Pigmented Free-floating Vitreous Cyst
Authors: Caminal-Mitjana José María , Padrón-Pérez Noel , Arias-Barquet Lluís , Caso Marcos Javier Rubio
Published: May 2014

A 45-year-old man presented with a mobile shadow in the central visual field of his left eye for the preceding 4 months. His visual acuity was not affected. Funduscopy showed a brownish, oval-shaped structure floating in the vitreous cavity of the left eye. B-scan ultrasound demonstrated an oval-spherical hypoechogenic structure floating at the posterior pole. The absence of pertinent medical history and normal results from systemic exploration suggested a congenital etiology. The condition was observed regularly without any evidence of change. Differential diagnosis of vitreous cysts is important in order to establish an adequate therapeutic approach.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:e23–e25.]
Influence of native and non-native multitalker babble on speech recognition in noise
Authors: Jain Chandni , Konadath Sreeraj , Vimal Bharathi M. , Suresh Vidhya
Published: May 2014

The aim of the study was to assess speech recognition in noise using multitalker babble of native and non-native language at two different signal to noise ratios. The speech recognition in noise was assessed on 60 participants (18 to 30 years) with normal hearing sensitivity, having Malayalam and Kannada as their native language. For this purpose, 6 and 10 multitalker babble were generated in Kannada and Malayalam language. Speech recognition was assessed for native listeners of both the languages in the presence of native and nonnative multitalker babble. Results showed that the speech recognition in noise was significantly higher for 0 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to -3 dB SNR for both the languages. Performance of Kannada Listeners was significantly higher in the presence of native (Kannada) babble compared to non-native babble (Malayalam). However, this was not same with the Malayalam listeners wherein they performed equally well with native (Malayalam) as well as non-native babble (Kannada). The results of the present study highlight the importance of using native multitalker babble for Kannada listeners in lieu of non-native babble and, considering the importance of each SNR for estimating speech recognition in noise scores. Further research is needed to assess speech recognition in Malayalam listeners in the presence of other non-native backgrounds of various types.
Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on soil quality, organic carbon, and total nitrogen
Authors: Van Eerd Laura L. , Congreves Katelyn A. , Hayes Adam , Verhallen Anne , Hooker David C.
Published: May 2014

Van Eerd, L. L., Congreves, K. A., Hayes, A., Verhallen, A. and Hooker, D. C. 2014. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on soil quality, organic carbon, and total nitrogen. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 303–315. Long-term studies allow for quantification of the effects of crop production practices, such as tillage and crop rotation, on soil quality and soil C and N stores. In two experiments at Ridgetown, ON, we evaluated the long-term (11 and 15 yr) effect of tillage system and crop rotation on soil quality via the Cornell Soil Health Assessment (CSHA) at 0–15 cm and soil organic C (SOC) and total N at 5-, 10-, and 20-cm increments to 120 cm depth. The CSHA soil quality score and SOC and total N were higher with no-till (NT) than fall moldboard plough with spring cultivation (conventional tillage, CT) and rotations with winter wheat [soybean–winter wheat (S-W) and soybean–winter wheat–corn (S-W-C)] compared with rotations without winter wheat. In both long-term trials, NT had ca. 21 Mg ha−1more or 14% higher SOC than CT in the 0- to 100-cm soil profile, a trend which contrasts previous research in eastern Canada. Thus, the two long-term trial results at Ridgetown suggest that to improve soil quality and storage of C and N, growers on clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario should consider adopting NT production practices and including winter wheat in the rotation.
Soil organic carbon and land use: Processes and potential in Ontario’s long-term agro-ecosystem research sites
Authors: Congreves Katelyn A. , Smith Jillian M. , Németh Deanna D. , Hooker David C. , Van Eerd Laura L.
Published: May 2014

Congreves, K. A., Smith, J. M., Németh, D. D., Hooker, D. C. and Van Eerd, L. L. 2014. Soil organic carbon and land use: Processes and potential in Ontario’s long-term agro-ecosystem research sites. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 317–336. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for maintaining a productive agro-ecosystem. Long-term research must be synthesized to understand the effects of land management on SOC storage and to develop best practices to prevent soil degradation. Therefore, this review compiled an inventory of long-term Ontario studies and assessed SOC storage under common Ontario land management regimes via a meta-analysis and literature review. In general, greater SOC storage occurred in no-till (NT) vs. tillage systems, in crop rotation vs. continuous corn, and in N fertilizer vs. no N fertilizer systems; however, soil texture and perhaps drainage class may determine the effects of tillage. The effect on SOC storage was variable when deeper soil depth ranges (0–45 cm) were considered for NT and rotational cropping, which suggests an unpredictable effect of land management on SOC at depths below the plough layer. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to use the presented inventory of nine long-term research sites and 18 active experiments in Ontario to pursue coordinated studies of long-term land management on SOC at depths extending below the plough layer.
Current Strategic Thinking for the Development of a Trivalent Alphavirus Vaccine for Human Use
Authors: Wolfe Daniel N. , Heppner D. Gray , Gardner Shea N. , Jaing Crystal , Dupuy Lesley C. , Schmaljohn Connie S. , Carlton Kevin
Published: May 2014

Vaccinations against the encephalitic alphaviruses (western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) are of significant interest to biological defense, public health, and agricultural communities alike. Although vaccines licensed for veterinary applications are used in the Western Hemisphere and attenuated or inactivated viruses have been used under Investigational New Drug status to protect at-risk personnel, there are currently no licensed vaccines for use in humans. Here, we will discuss the need for a trivalent vaccine that can protect humans against all three viruses, recent progress to such a vaccine, and a strategy to continue development to Food and Drug Administration licensure.
Nine Human Sparganosis Cases in Thailand with Molecular Identification of Causative Parasite Species
Authors: Boonyasiri Adhiratha , Cheunsuchon Pornsuk , Suputtamongkol Yupin , Yamasaki Hiroshi , Sanpool Oranuch , Maleewong Wanchai , Intapan Pewpan M.
Published: May 2014

Human sparganosis is one of the neglected diseases but important food-borne parasitic zoonoses. The disease is caused by larvae (spargana) of diphyllobothriidean tapeworm. Here, we describe nine cases of human sparganosis, caused by Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in a hospital in Thailand during 2001–2012. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of cases were revealed. Diagnosis and identification of causative parasite species was made by histopathological investigations followed by a polymerase chain reaction-based molecular method using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. The DNA samples were extracted from tissues and a partial fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was amplified for the detection of parasitic DNA. Infection could be prevented by increasing activities on health communication by responsible public health agencies.
Perspectiva profesionales para la especialización en enfermería nefrológica
Authors: Crespo Montero Rodolfo , Franco Maldonado Gloria , Novas Ana
Published: May 2014

(RD) 450/2005, de 22 de Abril sobre Especialidades de Enfermería, publicado el 6 de Mayo1, y algunas de las "maldades" clave que contenía este RD; y por las que desde esta tribuna he venido opinando, que la aspiración profesional de la enfermería nefrológica no va a venir por el desarrollo del actual Decreto de especialidades de enfermería. Cuando a la especialidad "hospitalaria" por excelencia, se le denominó Enfermero Especialista en Enfermería Médico-Quirúrgica, los responsables de su redacción (Ministerio de Educación) ya mostraron claramente que no iban a permitir que el tema se le fuera de las manos. En su momento adujeron, que esta denominación era la más homologable respecto a otros países. Nada mas lejos de la realidad, como ya se comentó en una editorial anterior2; era precisamente la denominación menos homologable con las especialidades existentes en el resto de países europeos, tal como pone de manifiesto el Libro Blanco del Titulo de Grado de Enfermería de la ANECA3, en el capítulo análisis de la situación de los estudios en Europa: de 15 países analizados, tan solo Portugal tiene una especialidad de Postgrado con dicha denominación. Con lo único que tenía correspondencia era con la materia Enfermería Médico-Quirúrgica de los planes de estudios de Diplomado en Enfermería, es decir, con las competencias generalistas. Por tanto, se intentaba crear algo así como la enfermera "súper-generalista", y de hecho, la Comisión Nacional de la citada especialidad elaboró un programa formativo, con un itinerario muy intenso, un recorrido por numerosas especialidades hospitalarias, una súper especialidad, que obviamente no llegó a ningún sitio. Por si acaso, del RD 450/2005, desaparecieron las Áreas de Capacitación Específicas, con lo cual se eliminó la posibilidad de desarrollo de Médico-Quirúrgica en diferentes áreas, como si recogía el anterior decreto de especialidades.
Análisis de los factores que influyen en la aparición de complicaciones y supervivencia de los catéteres venosos centrales para hemodiálisis
Authors: Rajoy Fernández Gabriel Eduardo , Rionda Álvarez Mª del Mar , Pérez Rodríguez Carmen Fátima
Published: May 2014

Una de las principales actividades de enfermería nefrológica en las unidades de hemodiálisis, es el cuidado de catéteres venosos centrales mediante el cumplimiento de un protocolo que hace especial hincapié en las medidas universales de asepsia durante su manipulación. Además existen otras variables que pueden infl uir en la aparición de complicaciones del catéter limitando su supervivencia. Objetivo Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar los factores que pudieran infl uir en la aparición de complicaciones del catéter venoso central para hemodiálisis, y valorar las tasas de infección en nuestro centro. Material y método Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de una cohorte, en la Unidad de Diálisis del Hospital Meixoeiro, entre enero de 1991 y octubre de 2012, con una muestra formada por 1231 catéteres. Resultados Fueron implantados 1231 catéteres (1187 temporales y 44 tunelizados tipo Hikman). Los temporales, 78% en femoral, 18% en yugular, y 4 % en subclavia. Los Hikman, 40 en lado derecho y 4 en lado izquierdo. La duración media de los catéteres implantados fue de 17,7 ± 30,8 días (mediana 8 días). 88% no presentaron incidencias durante su colocación. Las principales causas de colocación fueron la IRA (56%) y el fallo de acceso vascular previo (30%). La principal complicación dentro de las causas de retirada fue la obstrucción del catéter (15%), siendo la más grave la infección (6%). De los 1231 catéteres, 70 presentaron un episodio de infección a los 19,1±33,0 días de media, (mediana 12 días)
Estudio de la eficacia del sellado con taurolidina y citrato 4% del catéter
Authors: Redondo Simón Mª del Carmen , González Martínez Mª del Rocío , Ojeda Ramírez Mª Dolores , García Pérez Ana María , Caro Rodríguez Inmaculada , Huerga García Mª Concepción , Gómez Cambronero Marta , Molina Álvarez Mª del Carmen , García Hita Sonia , Valenzuela Rocío , Canovas Padilla Yolanda
Published: May 2014

El uso de catéteres centrales ha aumentando de forma importante a pesar de su mayor morbi-mortalidad en comparación con las FAV. Las principales complicaciones son trombosis, bacteriemia-sepsis y limitación de la efi cacia dialítica disminuyendo la calidad de vida de los pacientes y elevando el coste sanitario. En nuestra unidad, el sellado se realizaba con heparina sódica al 5% y actualmente utilizamos TauroLock™- Hep 500®, compuesta de (ciclo)-taurolidina (agente antimicrobiano biocompatible), citrato al 4% y heparina 500 UI/ml. Objetivo: Comprobar la efi cacia del Taurolock para reducir la incidencia de colonización intraluminal y trombosis al compararla con heparina sódica al 5%. Material y método: Realizamos un estudio observacional longitudinal de cohorte y analizamos colonización intraluminal, trombosis, biofilm y uso de antibioterapia. Resultados: Observamos mejoría en la permeabilidad del catéter, disminución del uso de urokinasa, reducción de sesiones en unipunción y del uso de antibiótico. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra que el sellado del catéter para hemodiálisis con una solución que contiene taurolidina como antimicrobiano puede reducir signifi cativamente la incidencia de sepsis relacionada con el catéter. La taurolidina parece se efectiva y segura y no conlleva riesgos ni efectos secundarios. La adicción de 500 ui de heparina a la solución de sellado junto con citrato al 4% ha disminuido los eventos trombóticos reduciendo el uso de fibrilolíticos y el uso de unipunción totalmente, presentando una mejoría de la efi cacia dialítica.
Percepción y conocimientos de los profesionales sanitarios de una unidad de Nefrología sobre la higiene de manos: estudio comparativo
Authors: Cobo Sánchez José Luis , Pelayo Alonso Raquel , Menezo Viadero Raquel , Incera Setién Mª Elena , Gándara  Revuelta Magdalena , López López Luis Mariano
Published: May 2014

Un conocimiento adecuado sobre la higiene de las manos por parte de los profesionales sanitarios, es el primer paso para la adherencia a cualquier programa de disminución de infección relacionada con la asistencia sanitaria.
Objetivo
Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos y percepciones respecto a la higiene de manos entre los profesionales sanitarios de nuestra unidad de Nefrología, y compararlos con los de otra unidad de nuestro centro (Traumatología).
Material y método
Estudio prospectivo descriptivo comparativo en 69 profesionales sanitarios. Para evaluar los conocimientos y percepciones respecto a la higiene de manos se utilizó un cuestionario de 26 ítems basado en cuestionarios desarrollados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Resultados
73% utiliza regularmente preparados de base alcohólica para higiene de manos (Traumatología 96,9%, p=0,007). 94% piensa que las manos de los profesionales sanitarios cuando no están limpias son la principal
vía de transmisión de gérmenes patógenos (Traumatología: 87,1%, p=NS). 75,7% piensan que el entorno/
superfi cies del hospital es la principal fuente de gérmenes patógenos (Traumatología: 68,8%) y 16% que son los microrganismos ya presentes en el paciente (Traumatología: 25%) (p=NS). Percepciones: 89% consideran alta la repercusión de las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria en el desenlace de la enfermedad (Traumatología: 59,4%, p=0,009).
Respecto a las medidas más efectivas para mejorar la higiene de manos destacan la formación de los profesionales
sanitarios, recibir retroalimentación regularmente sobre cómo realizar la higiene de manos y que exista un preparado de base alcohólica en cada punto de atención.
Conclusiones
Los profesionales sanitarios de Nefrología, al igual que los de Traumatología, en general tienen conocimientos
y percepciones adecuados sobre la higiene de manos.
Nuevas perspectivas de la diálisis peritoneal: ultrafiltración a un paciente con insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria a diuréticos
Authors: Gruat Armangué Francisca , Salillas Adot Esther , Simal Vélez Nieves , Julvé Ibáñez Mª Celia , Andújar Asensio Alex , Argerich González Mª José
Published: May 2014

Una de las particularidades que desarrolla el síndrome cardiorenal (SCR) es un círculo en el que como consecuencia del bajo gasto cardíaco hay alteración en el equilibrio del óxido nítrico y en la liberación de la hormona antidiurética, entre otros; la inducción a la vasoconstricción renal y el aumento en la reabsorción en el túbulo proximal de agua y sodio reduce el aporte de agua y sodio al nivel del túbulo distal, lo que provoca la disminución en la diuresis del péptido natriurético y aumenta la sensibilidad a la acción de la aldosterona (secretada por las glándulas suprarrenales) que actúa en la conservación del sodio y secretando potasio e incrementando la presión sanguínea). Esto explica que en los pacientes con insufi ciencia cardíaca (IC), una de las características más evidentes es la hipervolemia y la retención de sodio. Datos recientes apoyan que, en el SCR, la retención de líquidos, de sodio y la posterior resistencia a los diuréticos, provocan una sobrecarga progresiva del volumen y empeoramiento de la IC, con reducción de gasto cardíaco y mayor disfunción renal. En consecuencia, se genera una situación con mal pronóstico y pocas opciones alternativas.
O método do caso aplicado ao ensino da Biblioteconomia: histórico e perspectivas
Authors: Miglioli Sarah
Published: May 2014

Trata do método do caso como metodologia de ensino. Explica a origem do método do caso e sua aplicação através da revisão de literatura reunindo casos e analisando-os. Descreve os agentes principais do processo: aluno, professor e autor de casos e as características inerentes aos respectivos estatutos. Apresenta a tipologia dos casos e sua aplicação. Aborda a situação do método no Brasil. Descreve como se dá sua aplicação, e as conseqüências positivas para o ensino da disciplina que o utiliza, através do desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades. Revela a importância do método na formação do futuro bibliotecário, desenvolvendo competências que o novo contexto dinâmico da sociedade da informação passa a exigir deste profissional. Enumera fontes de casos na área biblioteconômica existente, trazendo uma visão geral das publicações, exemplo de casos e referências de bancos de casos. Conclui que o método do caso é uma solução coerente e eficaz diante do perfil dinâmico e atualizado solicitado pelo mercado de trabalho atualmente e que pode contribuir para a educação da área, além de comprovadamente ser habilitado e prescritivo a desenvolver as competências do profissional que o mercado tem exigido dentro do novo paradigma da sociedade da informação.
Visualisations en bibliothèques: comment rendre visible l’invisible
Authors: Vaisman Coleta
Published: May 2014

La bibliothèque est une sphère d'informations multidimensionnelle, à la fois abstraite et invisible et dotée de deux caractéristiques fondamentales sémantique et spatiale. Les relations sémantiques entre les données/informations constituent la structure de l'espace, autour d’attributs intrinsèques comme les mots-clés/sujets, les classifications, les hyperliens ou des structures connexes comme les thésaurus et vedettes-matière. Du point de vue des utilisateurs, le système d'informations en bibliothèque est un projet invisible et non transparent, alors que du point de vue du système, l'organisation taxinomique est indispensable voire vitale. La visualisation dans ce contexte se réfère à un processus qui transforme les données structurées invisibles et leurs relations sémantiques en un affichage lisible. Ainsi, le processus s’appuie sur le dessein classificatoire et cartographie les structures conceptuelles du système documentaire afin que d’une part l’utilisateur grâce à ses compétences puisse en extraire un sens que la machine n'aurait pu découvrir (recherche d’information) et que d’autre part le professionnel de bibliothèque puisse engager des actions méta-cognitives sur le traitement de l’information. Les différentes approches (diagramme, arbres, circulaires, cartographiques, en 3D…) sont des tentatives répondant aux problématiques imbriquées de visualisation et de repérage selon le principe de visualisation du focus (vue locale) sur contexte (vue globale) issu de la Gestalt théorie qui démontre que la perception humaine d’une scène est d’abord globale avant de porter son attention aux détails [CAR 99]. Deux dispositifs de médiation documentaire instrumentée initiés de façon concomitante des deux côtés de l’Atlantique illustrent efficacement cette démarche. Aux Etats Unis, la bibliothèque de Seattle a mis ainsi en place un projet d’analyse de données s’appuyant sur la classification Dewey ("Making Visible the Invisible"). S’appuyant sur des indicateurs et à partir de la création de vues d’ensemble, on découvre ce que lisent les lecteurs de la bibliothèque et aussi la manière dont ils lisent. Visual...Catalog, qui est un dispositif de visualisation des synoptiques graphiques développé d’abord à l’université Paris 8, puis à la bibliothèque d’Artois, permet de relier classes, notices et éléments conceptuels RAMEAU afin de visualiser le modèle conceptuel et favoriser une compréhension systémique [CHA 05, PAP 06]. Dans ces deux cas d’expérimentations innovantes, nous montrons comment la visualisation met à jour l’interaction entre le système et le contexte informationnel niveau micro (contenu des documents) et macro, soit les caractéristiques de toute la collection des données, l'interconnexion et l'interdépendance de ses objets. La bibliothèque devient ainsi «un lieu où l'on apprend à apprendre et où s'élabore la transformation de l'information en savoir." (p.67, Rapport mondial de l'Unesco, «Vers les sociétés du savoir», Editions UNESCO, 2005)
Modelo de avaliação de valor e mérito de estoques de informação de bibliotecas universitárias
Authors: Davok Delsi Fries , Garcia Renata Ivone
Published: May 2014

Apresenta Modelo de Avaliação de Valor e Méritode Estoques de Informação (AVMEI), baseado em indicadores estabelecidos nanorma ISO 11.620 e em padrões de qualidade para acervos de bibliotecasuniversitárias recomendados no Instrumento de Avaliação de Cursos de Graduação,do INEP. A operacionalização do AVMEI é exemplificada por meio da avaliação de acervodestinado ao Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Hotelaria do IF-SC. Os resultados indicamque tal acervo apresenta mérito, contudo, não exibe valor, porque osindicadores não revelaram a qualidade expressa nos padrões estabelecidos. O modeloé flexível, podendo ser adequado para avaliar acervos de outros tipos debibliotecas.
E-learning vs. Copyright: o papel da biblioteca da universidade em apoio à professores e alunos
Authors: Muriel-Torrado Enrique , Fernández-Molina J. Carlos
Published: May 2014

O conflito tradicional entre atividades de ensino e regulamentos de direitos autorais foi aumentado e complicado no ambiente digital. Mudanças recentes na legislação não foram adequadas, portanto estão longe de atender às necessidades mínimas de estudantes e professores de educação digital. A biblioteca da universidade, graças à sua posição privilegiada entre fontes de informação e usuários, pode desenvolver uma tarefa essencial de apoiar os membros da comunidade universitária para ajudá-los a enfrentar com êxito a colisão frequente entre seus interesses e os dos detentores de direitos sobre obras intelectuais.
Technical Note: Using DEG CPCs at upper tropospheric temperatures
Authors: Wimmer D. , Lehtipalo K. , Nieminen T. , Duplissy J. , Ehrhart S. , Almeida J. , Rondo L. , Franchin A. , Kreissl F. , Manninen H. E. , Kulmala M. , Curtius J. , Petäjä T.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Over the last few years, several Condensation Particle Counters (CPC) capable of measuring in the sub-3 nm size range have been developed. Here we study the performance of Diethylene glycol (DEG) based CPCs at different temperatures during Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) measurements at CERN. The data shown here is the first set of verification measurements for sub-3 nm CPCs under upper tropospheric temperatures using atmospherically relevant aerosol particles. To put the results in perspective we calibrated the DEG-CPC at room temperature, resulting in a cut-off diameter of 1.4 nm. All diameters refer to mobility equivalent diameters in this manuscript. At upper tropospheric temperatures between −25 °C and −65 °C, we found cut-off sizes in the range of 2.5 and 2.8 nm. Due to low number concentration after size classification, the cut-off diameters have a high uncertainty (±0.3 nm) associated with them. Operating two laminar flow DEG CPCs with different cut-off sizes together with other aerosol instruments, we looked at the growth rates of aerosol population in the CLOUD chamber for particles smaller than 10 nm at different temperatures. A more consistent picture emerged when we normalized the growth rates to a fixed gas-phase sulfuric acid concentration. All of the instruments detected larger growth rates at lower temperatures, and the observed growth rates decreased as a function of temperature, converging with each other at temperatures over 0 °C. The theoretical calculations had a much smaller temperature dependency.
Application of relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) on managed grassland
Authors: Riederer M. , Hübner J. , Ruppert J. , Brand W. A. , Foken T.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Relaxed eddy accumulation is applied for measuring fluxes of trace gases for which there is a lack of sensors fast enough in their resolution for eddy-covariance. On managed grasslands, the length of time between management events and the application of relaxed eddy accumulation has an essential influence on the determination of the proportionality factor b and thereby on the resulting flux. In this study this effect is discussed for the first time. Also, scalar similarity between proxy scalars and scalars of interest is affected until the ecosystem has completely recovered. Against this background, CO2 fluxes were continuously measured and 13CO2 isofluxes were determined with a high measurement precision on two representative days in summer 2010. This enabled the evaluation of the 13CO2 flux portion of the entire CO2 flux, in order to estimate potential influences on tracer experiments in ecosystem sciences and to compare a common method for the partitioning of the net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration based on temperature and light response with an isotopic approach directly based on the isotope discrimination of the biosphere.
Evaluating the potential of large-scale simulations to predict carbon fluxes of terrestrial ecosystems over a European Eddy Covariance network
Authors: Balzarolo M. , Boussetta S. , Balsamo G. , Beljaars A. , Maignan F. , Calvet J.-C. , Lafont S. , Barbu A. , Poulter B. , Chevallier F. , Szczypta C. , Papale D.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. This paper reports a comparison between large-scale simulations of three different land surface models (LSMs), ORCHIDEE, ISBA-A-gs and CTESSEL, forced with the same meteorological data, and compared with the carbon fluxes measured at 32 eddy covariance (EC) flux tower sites in Europe. The results show that the three simulations have the best performance for forest sites and the poorest performance for cropland and grassland sites. In addition, the three simulations have difficulties capturing the seasonality of Mediterranean and sub-tropical biomes, characterized by dry summers. This reduced simulation performance is also reflected in deficiencies in diagnosed light-use efficiency (LUE) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) dependencies compared to observations. Shortcomings in the forcing data may also play a role. These results indicate that more research is needed on the LUE and VPD functions for Mediterranean and sub-tropical biomes. Finally, this study highlights the importance of correctly representing phenology (i.e. leaf area evolution) and management (i.e. rotation–irrigation for cropland, and grazing–harvesting for grassland) to simulate the carbon dynamics of European ecosystems and the importance of ecosystem-level observations in model development and validation.
Direct and indirect effects of vertical mixing, nutrients and ultraviolet radiation on the bacterioplankton metabolism in high-mountain lakes from southern Europe
Authors: Durán C. , Medina-Sánchez J. M. , Herrera G. , Villar-Argaiz M. , Villafañe V. E. , Helbling E. W. , Carrillo P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. As a consequence of global change, modifications in the interaction among abiotic stressors on aquatic ecosystems have been predicted. Among other factors, UVR transparency, nutrient inputs and shallower epilimnetic layers could alter the trophic links in the microbial food web. Currently, there are some evidences of higher sensitiveness of aquatic microbial organisms to UVR in opaque lakes. Our aim was to assess the interactive direct and indirect effects of UVR (through the excretion of organic carbon – EOC – by algae), mixing regime and nutrient input on bacterial metabolism. We performed in situ short-term experiments under the following treatments: full sunlight (UVR + PAR, >280 nm) vs. UVR exclusion (PAR only, >400 nm); ambient vs. nutrient addition (phosphorus (P; 30 μg PL−1) and nitrogen (N; up to final N : P molar ratio of 31)); and static vs. mixed regime. The experiments were conducted in three high-mountain lakes of Spain: Enol [LE], Las Yeguas [LY] and La Caldera [LC] which had contrasting UVR transparency characteristics (opaque (LE) vs. clear lakes (LY and LC)). Under ambient nutrient conditions and static regimes, UVR exerted a stimulatory effect on heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP) in the opaque lake but not in the clear ones. Under UVR, vertical mixing and nutrient addition HBP values were lower than under the static and ambient nutrient conditions, and the stimulatory effect that UVR exerted on HBP in the opaque lake disappeared. By contrast, vertical mixing and nutrient addition increased HBP values in the clear lakes, highlighting for a photoinhibitory effect of UVR on HBP. Mixed regime and nutrient addition resulted in negative effects of UVR on HBP more in the opaque than in the clear lakes. Moreover, in the opaque lake, bacterial respiration (BR) increased and EOC did not support the bacterial carbon demand (BCD). In contrast, bacterial metabolic costs did not increase in the clear lakes and the increased nutrient availability even led to higher HBP. Consequently, EOC satisfied BCD in the clear lakes, particularly in the clearest one [LC]. Our results suggest that the higher vulnerability of bacteria to the damaging effects of UVR may be particularly accentuated in the opaque lakes and further recognizes the relevance of light exposure history and biotic interactions on bacterioplankton metabolism when coping with fluctuating radiation and nutrient inputs.
Continual in situ monitoring of pore water stable isotopes in the subsurface
Authors: Volkmann T. H. M. , Weiler M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Stable isotope signatures provide an integral fingerprint of origin, flow paths, transport processes, and residence times of water in the environment. However, the full potential of stable isotopes to quantitatively characterize subsurface water dynamics is yet unfolded due to the difficulty in obtaining extensive, detailed, and repeated measurements of pore water in the unsaturated and saturated zone. This paper presents a functional and cost-efficient system for non-destructive continual in situ monitoring of pore water stable isotope signatures with high resolution. Automatic controllable valve arrays are used to continuously extract diluted water vapor in soil air via a branching network of small microporous probes into a commercial laser-based isotope analyzer. Normalized liquid-phase isotope signatures are then obtained based on a specific on-site calibration approach along with basic corrections for instrument bias and temperature dependent isotopic fractionation. The system was applied to sample depth profiles on three experimental plots with varied vegetation cover in southwest Germany. Two methods (i.e., based on advective versus diffusive vapor extraction) and two modes of sampling (i.e., using multiple permanently installed probes versus a single repeatedly inserted probe) were tested and compared. The results show that the isotope distribution along natural profiles could be resolved with sufficiently high accuracy and precision at sampling intervals of less than four minutes. The presented in situ approaches may thereby be used interchangeably with each other and with concurrent laboratory-based direct equilibration measurements of destructively collected samples. It is thus found that the introduced sampling techniques provide powerful tools towards a detailed quantitative understanding of dynamic and heterogeneous shallow subsurface and vadose zone processes.
Analyzing runoff processes through conceptual hydrological modelling in the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Dessie M. , Verhoest N. E. C. , Pauwels V. R. N. , Admasu T. , Poesen J. , Adgo E. , Deckers J. , Nyssen J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Understanding runoff processes in a basin is of paramount importance for the effective planning and management of water resources, in particular in data scarce regions of the Upper Blue Nile. Hydrological models representing the underlying hydrological processes can predict river discharges from ungauged catchments and allow for an understanding of the rainfall–runoff processes in those catchments. In this paper, such a conceptual process-based hydrological model is developed and applied to the upper Gumara and Gilgel Abay catchments (both located within the Upper Blue Nile basin, the Lake Tana sub-basin) to study the runoff mechanisms and rainfall–runoff processes in the basin. Topography is considered as a proxy for the variability of most of the catchment characteristics. We divided the catchments into different runoff production areas using topographic criteria. Impermeable surfaces (rock outcrops and hard soil pans, common in the Upper Blue Nile basin) were considered separately in the conceptual model. Based on model results, it can be inferred that about 65% of the runoff appears in the form of interflow in the Gumara study catchment, and baseflow constitutes the larger proportion of runoff (44–48%) in the Gilgel Abay catchment. Direct runoff represents a smaller fraction of the runoff in both catchments (18–19% for the Gumara, and 20% for the Gilgel Abay) and most of this direct runoff is generated through infiltration excess runoff mechanism from the impermeable rocks or hard soil pans. The study reveals that the hillslopes are recharge areas (sources of interflow and deep percolation) and direct runoff as saturated excess flow prevails from the flat slope areas. Overall, the model study suggests that identifying the catchments into different runoff production areas based on topography and including the impermeable rocky areas separately in the modeling process mimics well the rainfall–runoff process in the Upper Blue Nile basin and brings a useful result for operational management of water resources in this data scarce region.
A proposal for a new parametrization of historical intensity data providing a better handling of uncertainties
Authors: Mucciarelli M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In recent times a great deal of research was aimed to the reduction of uncertainties on Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Most attention was paid to the role of Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs), while no studies were devoted to a possible larger source of uncertainties: the historical catalogues of earthquakes. In areas where historical catalogues provide a many centuries long record and surface geology does not permit at the moment to have complete catalogues of seismogenic faults, their use is unavoidable for estimating seismicity rates required for PSHA. Their use is also gaining popularity as an independent tool for the estimation of PSHA (D'Amico and Albarello, 2008) or for their use for validation purposes (Stirling and Petersen, 2006; Mucciarelli et al., 2008). This paper proposes an alternative way for the parametrization of historical macroseismic intensity and then discusses which is the real impact of starting uncertainties in intensities on the final uncertainties on PSHA.
Presentación No.32
Authors: Editora La
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i32.1411 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 32
La Evaluación del Desempeño Docente en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán: Una Experiencia en Construcción
Authors: Chinchilla Bartolomé
Published: May 2014

Este artículo presenta una descripción de los procedimientos desarrollados en la evaluación del desempeño docente por la Dirección de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, como una estrategia de aseguramiento de la mejora de la calidad educativa, producto de ello, se creó el programa de evaluación y mejoramiento de la docencia como una vía fundamental para la atención, estimulación y mejora permanente de las estructuras docentes y académicas de la institución a través de dos ejes fundamentales: La evaluación del desempeño docente. La evaluación de la gestión académica. La iniciativa de organizar de manera sistemática la evaluación del desempeño docente se inspira en propuestas que vienen cobrando importancia en nuestro país y en el ámbito de la Educación Superior Centroamericana. En la UPNFM se establecen tres procedimientos para realizar la evaluación docente: Encuesta de opinión al estudiante, Acompañamiento docente y la Autoevaluación del docente. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i32.1412 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 32; 11-22
La diversidad cultural y las políticas culturales: la distancia entre la intolerancia y la integración
Authors: Fajardo Salinas Delia
Published: May 2014

En este artículo perfilamos la evolución histórica de varias categorías que definen paradigmas sobre las distintas maneras de concebir y tratar con la diversidad cultural en la sociedad, enfocando cómo en el ejercicio de definir dichos paradigmas subyace precisamente una lucha entre grupos o clases sociales políticamente confrontados. La revisión de esta lucha simbólica en la dimensión teórica finaliza con la categoría “intertransculturalidad”, valorada como una propuesta muy atractiva para fundamentar el diseño de políticas educativas orientadas a legitimar y potenciar el desarrollo de la educación intercultural bilingüe. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i32.1413 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 32; 23-40
Los Mendigos del Portal del Señor en “El Señor Presidente” de Miguel Angel Asturias
Authors: Zelaya Matamoros Jenny Margoth
Published: May 2014

A pesar de que el libro “El Señor Presidente” del guatemalteco Miguel Ángel Asturias fue publicado en 1946, o sea hace más de sesenta y cinco años, la similitud con la realidad actual de muchos pueblos latinoamericanos es más que una coincidencia. La novela se enfoca en la entrada a la ciudad: El Portal del Señor, que no es otro que el lugar predilecto de los mendigos para reunirse y dormir. La muerte de uno de los hombres de confianza del Señor Presidente pone en marcha la trama de la novela. Es así que este trabajo tiene la finalidad de brindar al lector una reflexión acerca de los mendigos del Portal del Señor y su rol en la novela, en la cual Asturias muestra la lucha tenaz que se desarrolla entre el pueblo guatemalteco y el dictador. Aunque Asturias selecciona trabajar con los mendigos como fieles representantes del pueblo, no son los únicos que reciben maltratos y muerte. Son un grupo más que marginado, son un grupo que vive con miedo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i32.1414 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 32; 41-52
La Investigación Científica en la Historia y Cultura del Café en el Occidente de Honduras (La pequeña propiedad familiar)
Authors: Ramos Alfonso Carranza , Orellana Peña Jorge Humberto
Published: May 2014

Hablar del occidente de Honduras, es hablar del café, de la historia de su cultivo, que está asociado a la cultura que en su derredor se ha construido durante los últimos 150 años. La economía del café ha impulsado a la región occidental en términos de crecimiento y desarrollo al propiciar los procesos de reinversión más importantes del país, dando origen a la historia de una cultura que hoy constituye la más importante economía de los hondureños, junto con las remesas y la pequeña empresa, pilares en que descansa la paz relativa de esta región y de la nación. Este trabajo, presenta el desarrollo histórico y cultural de uno de los rubros de producción en los cuales se sustenta la economía regional y nacional. El café constituye para 35,000 familias aproximadamente del occidente de Honduras, su forma de vida, con su propia dinámica de reinversión en sus ciclos productivos, con experiencias de diversificación interesantes de estudiar y comprender. Sus plantaciones han sido factor decisivo para aproximarse a mejores condiciones de bienestar, a una mejor distribución del ingreso, acercar oportunidades y posibilidades, a ser parte de ambientes naturales. Las universidades a través de los procesos de vinculación e investigación científica, encontrarán en la historia y cultura del café, interesantes campos de estudio; cadenas de valor, experiencias de éxito, conocimientos locales que permitirán la construcción de aprendizajes y saberes desde dentro, dinámicos y complejos, elementos que proporcionarán nuevas probabilidades para construir nuevos caminos, donde la población sea parte y especialmente, con visiones incluyentes para nuestra sociedad. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i32.1419 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 32; 135-152
Presentación No.33
Authors: Editora La
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i33.1421Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 33