bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMAGE OF "FOREIGN HOMELAND" IN RAINER RILKE’S AND MARINA TSVETAEVA’S POETRY
Authors: Vasileva Svetlana , Amelina Anastasiia
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the image of a “foreign homeland” illustrated by the example of the poetic heritage of Rainer Rilke and Marina Tsvetaeva. The the concept of “homeland” is defined, and the features of the adaptation process in a new cultural and social environment are identified. The attitude of both poets to their homeland are studied via the analysis of their poetry. Rilke and Tsvetaeva were the representatives of different mentalities, who were not only interested in German and Russian cultures, respectively, but also considered themselves part of them. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that the understanding of the homeland is connected not only with its elevation, but also with the acceptance of all realities, both positive and negative, in the context of time, as well as the social, cultural and political situation. Rilke’s and Tsvetaeva’s perception of their “spiritual homeland” was one-sided and focused only on the positive perception, since the poets “poetized” Russia and Germany not paying attention to reality. Thus, it can be said that the poets failed to fully comprehend their contradictory “spiritual homelands”, which were in the very center of the social chaos and social upheavals of the early XX century.
Application of the Web 2.0 Technologies Podcast and Vidcast for Formation and Development of Listening Comprehension Skill in an Extended Englishtraining Course in Eighth Grade
Authors: Hristov Rumen
Published: December 2021

Low levels of listening comprehension skills in English is observed in many students. As a specific method, which can both cover mobile technologies and combine them with training, is the application of technology for podcasting and vidcasting/vodkasting. Podcasts and podcasts can provide authentic, up-to-date and easily accessible material, making them extremely useful when learning foreign languages. Their application makes learning freer and independent by introducing more interesting elements; gives greater freedom and independence to participants in the lesson. Students can listen to the material on the bus or while going to the gym.
Bringing Play Therapy Online: Children Counseling During Lockdown
Authors: Chibisova Marina
Published: December 2021

The article presents a personal reflection of transition from regular therapy to online work including three main spheres of change: technology, therapeutic boundaries, tools and instruments. Examples of efficient practices are given; several cases are described.
School-Director’s Role in The Pedagogical Team Conflict Management
Authors: Ivanov Ivaylo
Published: December 2021

The proposed publication investigated the professional profile of the educational manager. Attention is drawn to the types of conflicts, emerging between pedagogical professionals. The peculiarities of a relationship between school-director and pedagogues are examined.
Application of Problem Situations for the Development of Learning Skills in the Study of Natural Sciences
Authors: Slavova Margarita , Slavchev Angel
Published: December 2021

The problem situation is one of the ways to form general learning skills in the study of natural sciences. It provides an opportunity to apply the individual approach, choosing a path for making a final decision and full personal development of the student.
This article reviews the nature of the problem situation and learning skills, presents a classification of species and offers an example of use in teaching biology and health education - 7th grade to develop the skill of comparison.
The article aims to guide teachers in the logical structure for creating a problem situation and the requirements for the content of individual elements. An option for linking it with a specific educational content is also shown.
Music Collection in a Digital Environment
Authors: Dimitrov Milen
Published: December 2021

The expansion of the scope and application of music and computer technologies in education is one of the current problems which academic training of students in pedagogical programs is facing. The focus of the article is the an attempt to apply a computer program for notation in the construction of an instrumental music collection intended for local use by students at the Faculty of Pedagogy of Trakia University.
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AND NOTES ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE PROFESSION OF MOUNTAIN GUIDE AND ALPINISM
Authors: Dimitrov T.
Published: December 2021

In its essence, a man is a discoverer and researcher. His irresistible desire for knowledge gives birth to progress, and he the thirst to master the secrets of nature. The process of conquering the mountains is long and continuous. A major stage in the development of alpinism was the climbing of Mont Blanc in 1776 by the physician Michelle-Gabriel Pacar and the mountain shepherd and crystal collector Jacques Balma, who was also his guide during the climbing. With this significant climbing, only one stage of exploring the mountains ends. The importance of mountain guides, being professionals, for the development of alpinism, driven by the desires of their clients and scientific and educational purpose is huge. They lay the foundations of modern techniques and methods in alpinism, and create functional equipment for mountain climbing.
THE PLAY MOTOR ACTIVITY IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL - IMPLEMENTATION AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Ivanova V.
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE: The research is provoked by the problems that accompany the implementation of play activities in the forms of motor training in primary school.
METHODS: A survey is conducted among teachers teaching the subject "Physical Education and Sports" in I - IV grade.
RESULTS: The analysis of the answers of the respondents reveals negatives that hinder the effective pedagogical process.
CONCLUSIONS: The following problems are pointed out as the most significant: the insufficient number or technical malfunction of the sports equipment, tools, equipment; limited working space - both outdoors and indoors; the lack of clear guidelines and specific guidelines for planning and implementation of educational content in physical education, including games, especially - sports; unclear criteria and standards for assessing the success and progress of students in the game activities; the lack of guidelines for working with students with special educational needs or health problems; insufficient proposed forms, such as seminars, training courses, etc. to acquaint the primary teachers with novelties in the educational process in Physical Education and Sport.
The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines
Authors: Cherniuk Volodymyr , Hnativ Roman , Kravchuk Oleksandr , Orel Vadym , Bihun Iryna , Cherniuk Matvii
Published: December 2021

Most production technologies require a uniform flow path of liquid from pressure distribution pipelines. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to introduce polymer additives into the liquid flow or to use converging distribution pipelines with a continuous longitudinal slot in the wall. To reduce the uneven operation of the distribution pipeline during discrete liquid dispensing, it is proposed to use cylindrical output rotary nozzles with a lateral orthogonal entry of the jet into the nozzle. The problem is the lack of methods for accurate hydraulic calculation of the operation of distribution pipelines. Adequate calculation methods are based on differential equations.
Finding the exact solution of the differential equation of fluid motion with variable path flow rate for perforated distribution pipelines is urgent, because it still does not exist. The available calculation methods take into account only the right angles of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline. These methods are based on the assumption that the coefficient of hydraulic friction and the coefficient of resistance of the outlets are constant along the flow. A calculation method is proposed that takes into account the change in the values of these resistance coefficients along the distribution pipeline. The kinematic and physical characteristics of the flow outside the distribution pipeline are also taken into account. The accuracy of calculating the value of the flow rate of water distributed from the distribution pipeline has been experimentally verified. The error in calculating the water consumption by the method assuming that the values of the resistance coefficients are unchanged along the distribution pipeline reaches 18.75 %. According to the proposed calculation method, this error does not exceed 6.25 %. However, both methods are suitable for the design of pressure distribution pipelines, provided that the jet separation angles are straight.
Taking into account the change from 90° to 360° of the angle of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline will expand the scope and accuracy of calculation methods.
Comparative assessment of the effect of the degree of grinding of vegetables (carrots) on the yield of juices and puree
Authors: Aliyev Shakir , Khalilov Musfiq , Saidov Rasim , Mammadov Gabil , Allahverdiyeva Gahira
Published: December 2021

Some vegetables and fruits are indispensable for the production of a wide range of food, juice and confectionery products, because of their chemical composition and biochemical properties. One of the factors hindering their widespread use in the food industry is the insufficient study of their functional and probiotic properties in the mentioned technological areas. The mechanical properties (approximated dependence, standard deviation, and limit stresses) of the carrot varieties Nantes-5 NABA and Chantenay-2461 intended for juice production have been studied. The enzymatic hydrolysis parameters have been determined based on the parameters of the optimal effect of enzyme preparations. As a result of experimental studies, by determining the extreme loads of squeezing and crushing carrots, the power consumption for grinding carrots was determined.
The structure of the carrot pulp was revealed. The highest juice out yield put was observed in the Nantes-5 NABA variety. To increase the juice yield from the pulp, maceration was applied and parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis were determined. Complex two-stage mechanical grinding allowed the production of juice with high organoleptic properties. Antioxidant activity was determined before and after the maceration of carrots. The mode and parameters of the juice production technology were corrected during the research.
Ready-made pulpy juice samples were tasted and evaluated. The safety of carrot puree during storage has been verified by analytical research data.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Flapless Ridge Preservation Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ng Ethan , Tay John Rong Hao , Lai Clement Wei Ming , Yeo Alvin , Lim Lum Peng , Ong Marianne Meng Ann
Published: December 2021

Although the efficacy of ridge preservation is well documented, there is a lack of robust evidence regarding the influence of different surgical techniques. Flapless approaches are thought to be better at preserving soft tissue architecture and have been suggested for mild to moderate defects. This review investigates the efficacy of different flapless techniques for ridge preservation in mild to moderate defects with <50% buccal bone loss. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to obtain relevant articles published in English from 1974 to December 2019. The primary outcome was horizontal and vertical hard tissue dimensional changes. Soft tissue changes were evaluated as a secondary outcome. The Bio-Col technique, subperiosteal tunnel technique, and hard tissue with autogenous soft tissue graft/collagen matrix technique were identified. Eight studies were included, and quantitative analyses were performed for 4 studies for the primary outcome variables. The meta-analysis revealed significant reductions for horizontal changes (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 2.56 mm, 95% CI [2.18, 2.95]), vertical mid-buccal (WMD = 1.47 mm, 95% CI [1.04, 1.90]), and vertical mid-lingual (WMD = 1.28 mm, 95% CI [0.68, 1.87]) in favor of flapless ridge preservation techniques. Subgroup analysis based on technique suggests minimal hard tissue differences. The efficacy of flapless ridge preservation techniques on soft tissue changes was inconclusive. In conclusion, flapless ridge preservation techniques are effective for mild to moderate defects. The technique or material used to close the extraction socket does not seem to significantly affect hard tissue changes, while the effect on soft tissue changes warrants further investigation.
Optimal design of multiple dependent state repetitive group sampling plan for Inverse Power Lomax distribution
Authors: ASHRAF Rabia , SAEED Nadia , SALEEM Kanwal , ASLAM Muhammad
Published: December 2021

A sampling plan named as Multiple Dependent State Repetitive Group Sampling (MDSRGS) plan is introduced for a time-truncated life test given that the underlying distribution of the product's lifetime is Inverse Power Lomax distribution (IPLD). The proposed sampling plan is developed with the help of two already developed sampling plans (MDS and RGS). The two-point approach OC function known as the producer's risk and customer's risk is used to determine the parameters of the proposed plan. An optimization method is used for different values of customer's risk and producer's risk, for static values of experiment termination ratio and mean ratio, to find out plan parameters (minimum size of the sample, the number of acceptance and rejection, and the number of successive lots). Tables are created for different known values of shape parameters of Inverse Power Lomax distribution. The efficiency of the proposed MDSRGS plan is examined by conducting a comparative study. To accompany the results, graphs are also used for visualizing the average sample and acceptance probabilities with the specific mean ratio. Two real-life applications are also incorporated to demonstrate the operating procedure of the proposed plan.
A multi-objective programming approach to Weibull parameter estimation
Authors: KOÇAK Emre , DEMİR YURTSEVEN Ecem , ÖRKCÜ H. Hasan
Published: December 2021

Weibull distribution is widely used in various areas such as life tables, failure rates, and definition of wind speed distribution. Therefore, parameter estimation for the Weibull distribution is an important problem in many real data applications. The least square (LS), the weighted least square (WLS) and the maximum likelihood (ML) are the most popular methods for the parameter estimation in the Weibull distribution. In this study, based on the LS, WLS and ML estimation methods, a multi-objective programming approach is proposed for the parameter estimation of two-parameter Weibull distribution. This new approach evaluates together LS, WLS and ML methods in the estimation process. NSGA-II method, which is a multi-objective heuristic optimization method, is used to solve the proposed multi-objective estimation model. To evaluate the applicability and performance of the proposed approach, a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study based on deficiency criteria and a real data application are designed. The results illustrated that the proposed multi-objective programming approach provides quite accurate parameter estimates for the two parameter Weibull distribution with respect to deficiency criteria.
MORPHOLOGY OF SOILS IN ALASKA, USA
Authors: Haggard B. , Weindorf D.
Published: December 2021

Three field tours were undertaken across Alaska from 2005-2007 in an effort to better document the diversity of soils and associated features contained therein. Input and interactions between the UDSA-NRCS, soil science academicians, and consulting soil scientists were vital to describing the soils observed. Specifically, ice lenses and veins in soils were observed in situ in permafrost throughout mid to northern Alaska. Excavation pits and cores taken along the Dalton Highway from Fairbanks to Deadhorse, AK were prime examples of permafrost, wet soils, etc. On the Arctic North Shore, polygon soil formation was documented in association with large ice wedges. Melting of the exposed permafrost was noted along the shoreline. Detailed soils mapping was performed in the Salcha-Big Delta agricultural region with a wide variety of soil classifications observed.
Precision Tillage: Online variation of tillage depth
Authors: Walther S. , Schüle T. , Köller K.
Published: December 2021

Precision Farming equipment is more and more common on modern, large scale farm enterprises. With basic equipment being available, an important condition for the use of site-specific approaches is given. Site-specific approaches may help to increase the efficiency of a farm enterprise, as well as may help to achieve certain, predefined goals. A site-specific tillage strategy focusing on soil conservation was developed and evaluated. Online inclination data and local available biomass, calculated from yield maps, was used to compute necessary working depth for each unit area of a site. A control-unit controlling an electronic valve for two hydraulic cylinders fitted with displacement transducers and an on-board computer system implemented the calculated working depth online. While working precision was excellent, the time span require to switch between two working depths can be optimized.
THE EFFECT OF IGNORING THE FORECAST OF DANGEROUS SPECIES DEVELOPMENT AGROTIS SEGETUM DEN ET SCHIFF ON A SWEET CORN
Authors: Timuş Asea , Derjanschi Valeriu
Published: December 2021

Agrotis segetum Den et Schiff species harms every year different agricultural crops from R.Moldova. Chemical preparations used against this species, are applied with great infringements of the recommendation. The forecast of development of this species including other harmful insects, is ignored by agricultural manufacturers, thus this insect has formed immunity to different chemical preparations. It occurs because of absence in the country of corresponding laws conducting and observance the rules of plant protection.
NO –TILLAGE SYSTEM USE FOR THE CROSS – BREED VINEYARD
Authors: Sarpe Nicolae
Published: December 2021

Worldwide, the no-tillage system is used for the corn, soy, wheat, barley etc. on a surface that exceeded in 2006 over 162 million – the record being held by the United States of America. On the second place, there is Brazil, followed by Argentina.

Many authors, especially from France, studied the no-tillage system for vineyard and they obtained results similar to those obtained when using the classical technology as regards the grapes yield . As a consequence, the biggest vine surfaces with no-tillage system are in France.

In our country, the no-tillage system for the noble was less studies – such experiments vineyard being carried out in the Stefanesti Site – Arges, Bistrita Site and the Institute in Fundulea.

The first results obtained for the cross-breed vine are described in the report.
RESEARCHES REGARDING SELECTIVENESS AND EFFICACY OF THE ROUNDUP READY HERBICIDE APPLIED TO THE DEKALB-493 CORN PR CROSS-BREED MODIFIED BASED ON THE GENETIC ENGINEERING
Authors: Sarpe Iulian , Bodescu Floarea , Sarpe N.
Published: December 2021

Creating the corn, soybean, sugar beet, rape breed that resist the glyphosat represents a real SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION of the 20th century. Many authors as Weels, Rasche, Timmerman say the genetically modified plants represent no risk for the environment and for the human and animal health.

In 2006, around 2 million ha were cultivated with genetically modified plants and no mortal case was found because of the genetically modified corn or soybean use.

The European Union does not agree that genetically modified corn or soybean should be cultivated, but it imports genetically modified soy or corn grouts from the USA to breed the animals. It is an inexplicable paradox.

The results of the experiments with Dekalb 493 PR hybrid are presented in the report and they are concerned with the selectiveness, efficacy and production of bobs. Also, the report mentions the timing and the optimum proportion for the Round up Ready herbicide to be used for the fighting of the annual and perennial weed, including Sorghum halepense.
INFLUENTA FRECVENTEI TUNDERII ASUPRA CRESTERII UNOR AMESTECURI DE GAZON
Authors: Stoian Adriana , Moisuc A. , Sarateanu Veronica
Published: December 2021

Turf is defined after the Encyclopedic Dictionary (1996) as “the short and dense grass cultivated in parks, in green areas that is watered and mowed often to be maintained green”. In fact turf is more than grass – the texture, the aspect and the colour, also the practical value of the turf varies depending by the used species (Courtier 2002). The lawn is the main part of the garden for many amateurs because is a green carped that offers the perfect background for trees and ornamental plants. More than that, there is estimated that 60 m2 of turf is producing the oxygen necessary for one person per one day (Giuchici 2004).
Fertilisation Practices in Oilseed Rape in Romania
Authors: Halmajan H. V. , Nastase D. , Vasile Gina , Paun V. , Stoian F. , Gidea M.
Published: December 2021

Fertilisation practices are not yet a key point in oilseed rape production in Romania. There are many factors influencing the current state of affairs, but one of the most important is the lack of information for Romanian farmers regarding specific influence of each fertiliser on oilseed rape yield. An experiment conducted under the field conditions at SCDA Braila has revealed that both fertilizes, nitrogen and phosphorus have to be used in order to produce the highest yields. The highest yields were obtained using 80 kg P2O5 /ha and 100 to 200 kg N/ha. When nitrogen or phosphorus fertilisers were missing, the lowest yields were obtained. Nitrogen is the most important fertiliser for oilseed rape. According to the experiment conducted in Murgeanca (Ialomita County) and to many field observation in the last few years, the role of sulphur in oilseed rape fertilisation practices has to be reconsidered by the Romanian farmers. Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur fertilisers have to be use together in order to produce the highest yields in oilseed rape. In high pH soils, the highest yields were obtained using ammonium sulphate applied before sowing.
EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON ISOPEROXIDASE PATTERN AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN GERMINATING WHEAT SEEDS
Authors: Babeanu Cristina , Ciobanu Georgeta
Published: December 2021

The objective of the study was to investigate the changes in growth parameters and in enzyme activities during wheat seed germination, in laboratory conditions, in presence of different amounts of cadmium excess. Two varieties of wheat were studied (Triticum aestivum L.cv. Boema and cv. Simnic 30) in order to select plants which are tolerant to cadmium stress. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase, soluble peroxidase, isoperoxidase and catalase, enzymes involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, were measured. Obtained results show cadmium induced changes in investigated enzyme activities and illustrate that cadmium uptake was positively correlated with some enzyme activities and negatively correlated with other ones. It is reasonable to think that enzyme stimulation plays a role in the cellular protection against metal toxicity, but it cannot be excluded that in some cases the increased enzyme activity might represent a toxic effect. Measurement of oxidoreductase activity, especially peroxidase and specific change in the isoperoxidase pattern, might be used as biomarkers to asses the phytotoxicity for wheat grown on cadmium contaminated media.
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF SINIGRIN GLUCOSINOLATE FROM BRASSICA NIGRA AND ARMORACIA RUSTICANA
Authors: Stoin D , Radu F. , Dogaru D.
Published: December 2021

The objectives of research activities aimed natural substances with antibiotic activity, come from spontaneous flora (horseradish and black mustard), which used in the shape of standardized extracts as food additives, to replace in a near future, the compounds obtained through chemical synthesis. Such compound is glugosinolate sinigrin, an exceptional source of enzymatic inductors with active microbiologic role.

In various temperature conditions (65-100°C),various solvents extraction (distillated water, methanol, ethanol, mixture: ethanol:water (1:1), methanol:water (1:1), purification by ionic exchange chromathography (DEAE Sephadex A-50), extraction time: 3-4 hours, a sinigrin purity of 98.01-99.11% and an efficiency of 82.85-83.62%, respectively has been obtained.
THE BIOLOGICAL CYCLE OF THE PLUM MEALY APHID (Hyalopterus pruni Geoffr.) ON THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM S.D. BANU MĂRĂCINE, CRAIOVA
Authors: Ţucă O. , Mitrea I , Stan C.
Published: December 2021

The plum mealy aphid Hyalopterus pruni Geoffr. is one of the main pest of the plum orchard at the S. D. Banu Maracine. An important link for controling this pest is the knowledge of the biological cycle, in order to establish the best moment for the treatments.

The plum mealy aphid is an migratory species, with an holocyclic, dioecious development. This species produce damages in the plum orchard from Europe, Asia and northern Africa. The main host plant is the plum tree or other species belonging to the Prunus genra and as secondary host the plum mealy aphid prefere different graminaceae species as: Phragmites, Calamagrostis, Agrostis, etc.

The research regarding the biology and ecology of the plum mealy aphid has been made at the Didactical Station Banu Maracine, Craiova, in a plum orchard, Stanley variety.

During the 3 years of research the period for layings eggs has oscilated between 23 days in 2004 and 31days in 2002.The development of the fundatrix, has been framed between 24 days in 2004 and 29 days in 2003. In 2002 the development of the fundatrix has been completed after 26 days.

During the climatic conditions of 2002-2004, there has been developed 4 generations of wingless aphid (2002 and 2004), respectively 5 generations in 2003. These 4, 5 generations have phased from the second or third decade of April untill the second half of July.

From our observations regarding the development on the secondary host plants, it come out that the first generation has completed it development, function the climatic conditions, in 7 to 11 days. There has been phased 8-9 generations of winged and wingless form, untill September and even October. The last generation has ensured the appearance of the sexuparae form, which has migrated in the plum orchard and give birth to the sexuale forms.

The laying of hibernating eggs, begun in October, phasing to the first decade of November.
A MATHEMATICA L MODEL TO DETERMINE OPTIMAL DOSES OF QUANTITATIVELY LIMITED CHEMICAL FERTILISERS
Authors: Sala F. , Boldea M. , Anghel C. , Radulov Isidora
Published: December 2021

Starting from the differential equation (1)) and solving it results in academic dependence of yield on a single fertiliser (relation 2). Generalising in two variables we get the relation (4). We determine the constants of the initial conditions and compare with experimental data (Fig. 1 – Fig. 4). We determine the optimal solutions for the different values of the sum of the two fertilisers (N and P); results (table 2 and fig. 5.) facilitate the reading of the optimal shares of quantitatively limited fertiliser doses.
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL FERTILIZED WITH GREEN MANURE
Authors: Samuel Alina Dora , Domuţa C.
Published: December 2021

Agricultural practices that improve agricultural sustainability are needed particularly for brown luvic soil. Soil enzyme activities can provide information on how soil management is affecting the processes in soil such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Soil enzyme activities (actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) were determined in the 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm layers of a brown luvic soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment with different types of green manure. It was found that each activity decreased with increasing sampling depth. It should be emphasized that green-manuring of maize led to a significant increase in each of the five enzymatic activities determined. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities showed the order: lupinus + rape + oat > lupinus > vetch + oat + ryegrass > lupinus + oat + vetch > unfertilized plot. This order means that by determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. There were significant correlations of soil enzyme activities with physical properties.
EVOLUTION TENDENCIES OF SOME HYDRO -CLIMATIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DESERTIFICATION RISK IN THE PLAIN OF BANAT
Authors: Popa Veronica , Borza I.
Published: December 2021

The studied hydro -climatic factors tendency that influencing the desertification risk, are the annual temperature average, the annual amount of precipitations, rivers’annual flows and of piezometric levels from three drillings, all of them from representative points from the Plain of Banat. From the analysis it can be drawn the conclusion of a general aridization tendency.
THE LINK BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND THE OIL CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTED SOIL
Authors: Sabău N. C.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of researches regarding oil polluted soils, that took place at the Agricultural Research and Development Station in Oradea, from 1993 to 2002.

The experimental device was made out of 1 m² micro parcels, spread out in a random order in a Latin square; these parcels were polluted under control with petroleum from Suplacu de Barcău, Bihor County, with the following concentrations: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 % petroleum on the ploughed layer, with 4 repetitions.

The experience was set out on a luvosoil and the soil was cultivated with millet, a plant which is considered to be tolerant to soil pollution, in the first 3 years, and with spring wheat in the last 7 years of research.

The results of the research have shown that the yield losses are proportional with the petroleum concentration, and had a descending evolution. For instance, in the case of the 1% pollution, losses are insignificant after 7 years of crops.
THE MODERNIZATION OF THE SPRAYING MACHINES
Authors: Drocas I , Molnar A. , Ranta O. , Marian O.
Published: December 2021

In order to reduce the environmental pollution, to increase the operators security and to follow the EU regulation it is a necessity to adapt and modernize the Romanian spraying machines. Within this paper there are identified the ways to improve a Romanian tractor mounted spraying machine. The main way to improve the quality of spraying is to mount on the main machine the following equipments: main tank washing recipient, hand washing tank, mixer for the active substance, foam marker for the treated surface and control unit to maintain the quantity of spaying amount per hectare automatically. By mounting these equipments on the main machine it is possible to ensure the right quantity of sprayed substance per hectare, even though the speed (or the rpm of the motor) of the tractor is increasing or decreasing. This fact ensures the avoidance of the mistreated surfaces and the increase of the safety for the operator.
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES IN THE POTATO CROP WITHIN THE APUSENI MTS. AREA
Authors: Mărghitaş Marilena , Rusu M. , Toader C. , Rusu Mihaela , Moldovan Lavinia
Published: December 2021

The paper emphasizes the study of nutritional deficiencies, in the case of the potato crop on a brown acid soil (Districambosoil), which is representative for the mountain area. The study was conducted with the help of a differentiated fertilization system, in the characteristic damp and cool weather conditions of the Apuseni Mts
CURCULIO GLANDUM, A PEST WHICH REDUCES THE QUALITY OF THE SEED AT QERCUS PETRAEA IN HILLY TREE FROM O.S. ALMAŞ, D.S. ZALĂU
Authors: Oltean I. , Stana A.
Published: December 2021

Phytopatologic pests, besides the vegetative organs of the forestry species they can also attack their generative organs: flowering buds, flowers, fruit and seeds. Although these pasts usually don’t produce debilitation and tree dryness, it presents, in certain situations, a highly economical importance. They can affect in a smaller or bigger quantity and seed quality, fact which also determines the perturbation of the natural regeneration process of the trees, resinous, and deciduous. When the conditions of development are favorable, these pests can destroy up to 70-90% from the seed production, and sometimes is affected only the quality, meaning the faculty and germinative energy of the seeds
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AT MITOCHONDRIAL DNA LEVEL IN SOME ROUMANIAN PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS ACCESSIONS
Authors: Botez C. , Florian V. , Oroian I. , Morar G. , Lucaci Meda
Published: December 2021

Analysis of secondary molecular polymorphism at the level of amplified mitochondrial DNA, digested by restriction enzymes (CAPS markers), revealed genetic differentiation among ten Phytophthora infestans accessions. Mitochondrial DNA was amplified with four pairs of primers (H1,H2,H3 and H4) and after that the products of amplification were digested with Hha I (for H1 products of amplification), Msp I (for H2 products of amplification) and Eco R I (for H3 and H4 products of amplification) restriction enzymes. On this basis we have established that the ten Phytophthora infestans accessions belongs to two haplotypes, one accession belongs to Ia haplotyp and the others belong to IIa haplotype.
30 YEARS OF RESEARCHES IN THE DOMAIN OF REFARMING THE DEGRADED TERRAINS RESULTED FROM THE SURFACE MINE EXPLOITATIONS FROM TRANSYLVANIA
Authors: Blaga Gh. , Bunescu V. , Dumitru M. , Nastea M. , Rauta E. , Vilian R. , Catinas Ioana , Clapa Doina , Pacurar I. , Paulette Laura , Blaga L. , Drasan M. , Marginean Mihaela , Buta M. , Oprea V.
Published: December 2021

The present writing presents a synthesis of the results obtained in the recultivation of the degraded terrains by the surface mining exploitation from Transylvania, approaching the following aspects: a)The soils affected by the surface mining exploitation from Transylvania. b)The leveled sterile pits that had as target the recultivation (Entiantrosoils).c)Results obtained in the experimental fields placed on the sterile pits(entiantrosoils). d)Aspects regarding the economical efficiency of the measures taken regarding the recultivation. e)Aspects regarding some pedogenetical processes that take place in the Entiantrosoils.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF "POPULATIA DE CLUJ " OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. CULTIVATED AT CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: Duda M. M. , Socaciu Carmen , Vârban D. I. , Marian O. , Preda Dumitriţa
Published: December 2021

In this paper there are presented several results regarding the chemical composition of the prime vegetal matter at "Populaţia de Cluj" of Melissa officinalis cultivated in Cluj-Napoca. The culture from which the samples were taken for analyze is ecological. There were achieved 3 extracts: 1. prime dry vegetal matter 10% in ethylic alcohol 35%; 2. prime dry vegetal matter 10% in propilenglicol: water 1:1 and 3. prime dry vegetal matter 10% in tap water with boiling for 10 minutes. Compared with watered extracts and (3) and alcoholic (1), propilengliceric extract (2) allows the obtained of a more concentrated bioactive compound from phenolic acids class, in flavonoids and chlorophylls.

The identification of phytoactive compounds was made with the help of spectrophotometer method UV-VIS, the specific maximum being marked.
HPLC ASSESSMENT OF VIOLAXANTHIN CYCLE’S FUNCTION UNDER EXCESSIVE LIGHT IN MOUGEOTIA SP. ALGAE
Authors: Muntean E. , Bercea V. , Dragoş N. , Muntean Nicoleta
Published: December 2021

The protective function of xanthophyll cycle was investigated in the green algae Mougeotia sp. Agardt (AICB 560) originating from the collection belonging to Institute of Biological Research Cluj Napoca, using excessive light. High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze carotenoids involved in violaxanthin cycle in this matrix. Separations were performed on an Agilent 1100 system, using a Nucleosil 120-5 C18 column and the following mobile phases: A - acetonitrile : water (9 : 1) and B - ethyl acetate. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1 ml/ min. and the solvent gradient was as follows: from 0 to 20 min. - 10% to 70% B, then from 20 to 30 min. - 70% to 10% B. Chromatographic analysis demonstrated a particular behavior of AICB 560 under intense illumination: the major de-epoxidation product is not zeaxanthin, but antheraxanthin. More than that, the illumination conditions affect the whole carotenoid biosynthesis, starting with the violaxanthin cycle’s pigments precursor: b-carotene.
STUDY REGARDING THE CARBONATICAL SOILS FROM THE TRANSYLVANIAN DEPRESSION FORMED ON THE EOCINICAL DEPOSITS OF NUMULITS
Authors: Pacurar I. , Bunescu V. , Darja M. , Clapa Doina , Holonec L. , Oprea V.
Published: December 2021

The Căpuşului hills are in the Transilvanian depression a trully ”geologycal eocenic golf” with a rich fossilifeuros fauna (Gryphaea eszerházy, G. gigantica, Turrietella imbricataria, Corbula gallica, Cepatia cepacea, Rotularia spirulaea) and also nummulitus species.

The pedogenetic cover is constituted by sedimental deposits (clays, marls, limestones, gritsones). Also the pedogentic cover is represented by preluvisoils, luvisoils, eutricambisoils, clay cernozems.

The relief characteristics are the Nummulites perforatus, N. fabianii and N. striatus who are the basically substrates from the acrobatically soils.

The Transylvanian Depression is considered to be a true "geological eocenical gulf", is remarked through the conservation of a highly rich fossil fauna.

Under the geological aspect, on a crystalline base is revealed the whole series of eocenical formations (striped clays, clays and limestone with "numuliti"), oligocenical (carbonatical clays, sands, sand stones and quaternary deposits) (Posea, 1978; Pop, 2001). These sedimentary deposits lay down from the half of the inferior Miocen and finished during the Panonian's end have constituted the parenthal material for the actual pedogenetical cover.

A special characteristic of the landscape (with heights of 600-800m), from the outskirts of the Depression (the Huedin Depression, the Paniceni High hills, the Capus and Savadisla Corridor) is the fact that at the surface coating begin to appear "numulits" (Nummulites perforatus, N. fabianii, N. striatus), close to the localities Capusul mic, Leghia, Savadisla, Aghires, Manastireni, Cluj-Calvaria, Vlaha), deposits on which carbonatical soils are formed.

If we view this are from the climate's point of view this area belongs to the Dfbk (Koppen) climatical province. The climate is a temperate continental of high hills, with forest. At Cluj-Napoca the average annual precipitations reach 613mm, the average annual temperature has a value of 8.3 degrees C, and the aridity indicator "De Martonne" has the value of 33.7.

According to the climate conditions the studied area belongs to the level of oak (Quercus petraea) and the area of mezofilical oaks. (Quercus robur) Generally the areas of forest are mixed with those of pasture or agricultural crops.

Because of the diversity of the ecological conditions the soil cover is extremely different, being constitueted of preluvosoils, luvosoils, eutricambosoils, cernosioms, carbonatical soils. (Blaga 1981, Bunescu &co 2005).
STUDY REGARDING THE SITUATION OF THE TERRAINS AFECTED BY DIFFERENT FORMS OF EROSION IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN HILLOCK AREA
Authors: Pacurar I. , Darja M. , Clapa Doina , Taut I. , Covrig I. , Oprea V. , Buta M.
Published: December 2021

The Transylvanian hillock area includes the Transylvanian Depression, as a major unit formed from the Transylvanian Plateau, as a central unit and the hills from the basis of the mountains, (Somesene, Feleacului, Bistritei, Nasaudului, Suplacului Hills, and the Somesean, Tarnave and Purcaret, Plateaus as slide units (1,2). From the administrative point of view this area belongs to the counties Cluj, Salaj, Maramures, Alba, Mures and Bistrita-Nasaud.

Taking into consideration the predominate hillock character of the relief the cambisoils are dominant (24.49%), especially districambosoils, luvosoils, (23.43%), represented through preluvosoils, luvosoils and aluvosoils especially in the Muresului and Somesului watersides.

A large number of areas are occupied by regosoils, gleisoils and stagnosoils.

The main restrictions which affect the quality of the soils in this area are: erosion through different ways of manifestation (of surface, of depth, sliding), the exceeding of water (gleisation) or water from precipitation (stagnogleisation).

From the altitude’s point of view 400-600m, with winded plateaus and peaks, affected by different slope processes, and wet cold valleys, affected by processes of gleisation and stagnogleisation.
BIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE GRASSLANDS OF THE MEŞENDORF ECOLOGICAL FARM (BRAŞOV COUNTY, ROMANIA)
Authors: Groza G. , Beldean Monica , Mihai G.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of the botanical and phytosociological study on the natural grasslands of the Meşendorf mixed ecological farm (Transylvanian Natural Product). Floristic researches show a high floristic and phytosociological biodiversity, determined by pedo-climatic and microstational factors. The flora includes 329 species of cormophytes belonging to 111 genera of 37 botanical families. The vegetation of the grasslands comprises 12 plant associations, of which the phytocoenoses of the Festucetum pratense association are dominant. The quantitative studies performed evidence the dominance of good and very good fodder species.
THE EFFECT OF SOME GROWTH STIMULATORS AND INHIBITORS ON SEED GERMINATION OF PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM
Authors: Popa Ana – Maria , Trofin Alina , Leonte C.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this work is to pinpoint the influence of some growth regulators, stimulators and inhibitors (the Na salt of 2-Cl, 4-sulfonamido phenoxy -acetic acid, the Na salt of 4-Cl, 2-sulfonamido phenoxy -acetic acid and 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy – acetic acid) on the process of germination of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L., var. Botosani). The substances have a large area of action, there effects being felt both on entire plants and on certain parts and tissues, thus regulating some important metabolic process. The stimulation and inhibition of growth regulators on germination depend on utilized variant of treatment.
Antifeedant effect of NeemAzal-T/S on the caterpillars of Lymantria dispar L..
Authors: Fora C. G. , Lauer K. F. , Fora Corina Alina
Published: December 2021

The objective of laboratory trial presented in this paper were to establish in what measure the NeemAzal-T/S (1% azadirachtin A) insecticide has effect on feeding of Lymantria dispar caterpillars, when it is applied as emulsion of 5%, 10%, 20% and 20% emulsion mixed with 0.1% raps oil or with 1% Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai. Antifeedand effect was evident after 72 hours of feeding whit treated leafs, moment which marked by entering of many caterpillars in lethargic state. The antifeedant index (AFI) increased (0.59-0.98) in the same time with increasing concentration of NeemAzal emulsion, and being accentuated by raps oil and Bta added in emulsion. If the application of these emulsions contributes at decreasing of leaf feeding with 74.3-99.3%, we can affirm that the azadirachtin, the active complex of the insecticide, can be utilized in the aim of deciduous forests protection against the gypsy moth.
COMPLEX OBSERVATIONS ON THE ALCHEMILLA GLABRA SPECIES
Authors: Boruz Violeta
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the characterization of the species Alchemilla glabra Neygenf. from the taxonomic, chorologic, ecologic, coenologic and even blastogenic point of view.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.
Authors: Vârban D. I. , Duda M. M. , Vârban Rodica , Tofana Maria
Published: December 2021

Rosemary was used since ancient times as medicinal plant, ritual and seasoning. Rosemary volatile oil is obtained from branches with leaves and flowers, harvested all year round. The greatest production were obtained at the planted variant 70 cm x 70 cm. The duration of rooting is low with six days in the case of water usage and with 10 days in the case of perlit usage. The highest content in volatile oil was obtained at the planting variant 70x70 cm and 100x100 cm and with the smallest density.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAYS AND PLANTING DISTANCES UPON THE MAIN BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF FREE VIRUSES HOP MINIBUDS
Authors: Vârban Rodica
Published: December 2021

To plant at the permanent plot hop minibuds have to accomplish certain conditions of quality. In this paper it was followed the influenced of some technological factors upon the mai qualitative parameters of hop minibuds (distance and planting method)
NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Gorghiu Laura Monica , Dumitrescu Crinela , Olteanu R. L. , Jipa S.
Published: December 2021

It is well known that the security of food costumers is assured not only by looking up to the standards and technological conditions of preparation but also by using of packages with high durability, stabilized with antioxidants biologic accepted. Due to this reason, in the last decades, the preparation technologies of food products were oriented to obtain more natural products. At the same time, the production of the food packages was oriented to achieve more ecological packages with a higher durability by using of different natural compounds with antioxidant capacity like additives.

The paper presents a study on the antioxidant effect of different natural compounds (vitamins, flavonoids) in the thermal oxidation process of polymeric materials. The obtained results prove that vitamins C and E could be an ecological alternative for the stabilization of polymers used like packages in food production. At the same time, the vegetal polyphenols (flavonoids) could be also used as stabilizers of polymers used in the manufacturing of the food packages.
NATIONAL TRENDS ON AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION: CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Authors: Jäntschi L. , Bolboacă Sorana D. , Stoenoiu Carmen E.
Published: December 2021

Staring from descriptive data on crop production and cultivated area at national level during on fifteen years, the aim of this study is to reveal the trends on crops cultivation. The cluster analysis reveals linkages between crops classes as well as between different crops, which can be partly assigned to crops rotation. Time series analysis reveals dramatically reducing of production of some crops, such as flax, hemp, and sugar beet, and increasing of production, such at sunflower, and increasing of productivity, such at potatoes and field vegetables.