bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connectivity-preserving distributed algorithms for removing links in directed networks
Authors: Gusrialdi Azwirman
Published: September 2022

This article considers the link removal problem in a strongly connected directed network with the goal of minimizing the dominant eigenvalue of the network’s adjacency matrix while maintaining its strong connectivity. Due to the complexity of the problem, this article focuses on computing a suboptimal solution. Furthermore, it is assumed that the knowledge of the overall network topology is not available. This calls for distributed algorithms which rely solely on the local information available to each individual node and information exchange between each node and its neighbors. Two different strategies based on matrix perturbation analysis are presented, namely simultaneous and iterative link removal strategies. Key ingredients in implementing both strategies include novel distributed algorithms for estimating the dominant eigenvectors of an adjacency matrix and for verifying strong connectivity of a directed network under link removal. It is shown via numerical simulations on different type of networks that in general the iterative link removal strategy yields a better suboptimal solution. However, it comes at a price of higher communication cost in comparison to the simultaneous link removal strategy.
PELOPS AND MYRTILOS: REASSESSING THE EKPHRASIS IN STATIUS, THEBAID 6.283–5
Authors: Tang Henry Ka Chun
Published: September 2022

This article argues for an alternative interpretation of the ekphrasis of Pelops and Myrtilos among Adrastus’ parade of ancestral images in lines 6.283–5 of Statius’ Thebaid. The majority of scholarly readings believe that the scene described in these lines alludes to the mythical chariot-race between Pelops and Oenomaus. Using a combination of visual, intertextual and intratextual evidence, this article suggests that these lines more likely refer to a later part of the myth—Pelops’ murder of Myrtilos, as the former hurls the latter into the Myrtoan sea from a flying chariot. This paper concludes by exploring what implications this alternative reading has for our understanding of Statius’ use of ekphrasis as a narrative technique and, more specifically, its significance on our reading of the ekphrasis of Adrastus’ ancestral images.
‘WHAT SAID THIS RUDE ANTIQUE’: VICTORIAN RECEPTION OF ROMAN GLASS
Authors: Wiltshire Roswyn
Published: September 2022

Artefact collections are a key means for many people to interact with classical antiquity. The physicality of objects easily appeals to the imagination, evoking associations between the object and the viewer's experiences. Reception of artefacts is thus multilayered, even regarding what may seem to be very simple objects, such as ancient glass vessels uncovered and collected around the middle of the nineteenth century. Drawing on research into the Damon Collection (Canterbury Museum, New Zealand) this study explores Victorian reception of Roman glass, demonstrating the many and often complex ways in which objects of utilitarian origin in classical antiquity gained new meaning and surprising popularity among a broad public. Glass vessels were receptacles for ideas and the imagination, from adventure to questions of religion and empire. In particular, vessels identified as ‘lachrymatories’ became a very personal empathetic link to the classical past, with influence on popular imagination enduring to the present day.
Armenians, Jews, and Humanitarianism in the ‘Age of Questions’, 1830–1900
Authors: Johnston Jean-Michel , Steinberg Oded Y.
Published: September 2022

Go to Armenia, and you will not find an Armenian. They, too, are an expatriated nation, like the Hebrews…The Armenian has a proverb: ‘In every city of the East I find a home.’ They are everywhere; the rivals of my people, for they are one of the great races, and little degenerated: with all our industry, and much of our energy…

Benjamin Disraeli, Tancred; or, The new crusade (1847)
Understanding guilt-related interpersonal dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder through computational modeling of two social interaction tasks
Authors: Xiao Fan , Zhao Jiahui , Fan Lejia , Ji Xinlei , Fang Shulin , Zhang Panwen , Kong Xinyuan , Liu Qinyu , Yu Hongbo , Zhou Xiaolin , Gao Xiaoxue , Wang Xiang
Published: September 2022

Background

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a high-prevalence personality disorder characterized by subtle but stable interpersonal dysfunction. There have been only limited studies addressing the behavioral patterns and cognitive features of OCPD in interpersonal contexts. The purpose of this study was to investigate how behaviors differ between OCPD individuals and healthy controls (HCs) in the context of guilt-related interpersonal responses.

Method

A total of 113 participants were recruited, including 46 who were identified as having OCPD and 67 HCs. Guilt-related interpersonal responses were manipulated and measured with two social interactive tasks: the Guilt Aversion Task, to assess how anticipatory guilt motivates cooperation; and the Guilt Compensation Task, to assess how experienced guilt induces compensation behaviors. The guilt aversion model and Fehr–Schmidt inequity aversion model were adopted to analyze decision-making in the Guilt Aversion Task and the Guilt Compensation Task, respectively.

Results

Computational model-based results demonstrated that, compared with HCs, the OCPD group exhibited less guilt aversion when making cooperative decisions as well as less guilt-induced compensation after harming others.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that individuals with OCPD tend to be less affected by guilt than HCs. These impairments in guilt-related responses may prevent adjustments in behaviors toward compliance with social norms and thus result in interpersonal dysfunctions.
From Laslett to Waldmann: The Case for Reconsidering Strauss on Locke
Authors: Behnegar Nasser , Stauffer Devin , Major Rafael , Nadon Christopher
Published: September 2022

The denial of Locke's debt to Hobbes has long been characteristic of many scholars of Locke influenced by the Cambridge School. Peter Laslett was the first to argue for this view, and he did so in conscious opposition to Leo Strauss and his interpretation of Locke. The recent discovery by Felix Waldmann of a memoir that confirms Locke's deep interest in Hobbes as well as his prudent concealment of that interest has undermined Laslett's case against Strauss. Waldmann's discovery, moreover, comes in the wake of other historical work, by Jeffrey Collins and others, that has provided further grounds for abandoning the Cambridge view of Locke. These developments have yet to lead to a serious reengagement with Strauss's interpretation of Locke, but they should, because his controversial claim about Locke's debt to Hobbes has been vindicated.
Health and safety regulations and stock returns: evidence from the 1974 Swedish legislative lottery
Authors: Siming Linus
Published: September 2022

This article provides causal evidence on a long-standing controversy in the finance and labour literature, namely, whether better health and safety in the working environment is in the best interests of firm owners. While, on the one hand, an influential strand of the literature argues that improvements in workers’ health and safety provision can increase costs and harm the market value of equity, another well-consolidated strand of the literature argues that such improvements can reduce costs and create shareholder value. It is empirically challenging to study the relation between the work environment and equity value due to their endogenous relation. To overcome this challenge, I utilize a historic natural experiment that uniquely isolates the effects of mandated investments in health and safety provision on firm market value: on 27 March 1974, the Swedish hung parliament drew a lottery ticket to decide on a legislative proposal that mandated companies to improve their employees’ work environment. The lottery resulted in the approval of the proposal. I find that this outcome led to an immediate and sizable decrease in the market value of Swedish companies that persisted for several days.
Securities trading in an emerging market: Indonesia, 1890s–1940s
Authors: van der Eng Pierre
Published: September 2022

This article analyses trends in the development of the stock exchange in Jakarta between its stepwise institutionalisation since 1898 and its closure in 1942. The article contributes to literature on the significance of stock markets in the process of mobilising external capital for investment by private enterprise in emerging economies. It finds that the brokers participating in the stock exchange traded shares and bonds of companies operating in Indonesia and registered in Indonesia or in the Netherlands. Many of these securities were also traded on the much larger stock exchange in Amsterdam. Although formally independent, both securities markets were integrated. Based on estimates of relatively high market capitalisation during 1901–40, the article concludes that the Jakarta and Amsterdam stock exchanges together contributed significantly to the mobilisation of private investment and the development of private enterprise in Indonesia.
In vivo study of a reserved atrial septal puncture area patent foramen ovale occluder
Authors: Jiang Haibin , Cao Suyan , Wang Renrong , Wang Shuya , He Ziqian , Xu Xin , Yang Chengjian , Liu Xiaoxiao
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

After patent foramen ovale interventional closure, puncture of the interatrial septum through the occluder is difficult but sometimes needed for further interventional treatment. This paper presents findings from an in vivo experimental study of a reserved atrial septal puncture area patent foramen ovale occluder.

Materials and methods:

A patent foramen ovale model was established in canines using trans-septal puncture of the fossa ovale and high-pressure balloon dilation. Then, patent foramen ovale closure was performed with a reserved atrial septal puncture area and all canines were raised for 3 months. Then, the occluder was crossed and left atrial angiography was performed on the septal area with the occluder. Finally, DSA angiography, echocardiography, and histology were used to evaluate the performance and feasibility of the reserved atrial septal puncture area.

Results:

A patent foramen ovale model was successfully established in 10 canines using the atrial septal puncture method. The average diameter of the patent foramen ovale was 3.77 ±0.19 mm, and the patent foramen ovale was successfully closed in all canines using a reserved atrial septal puncture area. As assessed using transoesophageal echocardiography, the new occluder exhibited an ideal position and was occluded entirely without a residual shunt intraoperatively and postoperatively. A 100% success rate of atrial septum puncture was achieved across the new occluder. The occluders were completely endothelialised 3 months post-implantation.

Conclusions:

The reserved atrial septal puncture area was effective in patent foramen ovale closure and exhibited positive sealing performance and biological compatibility. Trans-septal puncture was feasible and effective after reserved atrial septal puncture area patent foramen ovale closure.
Lasting impact on health from natural disasters, potential mechanisms and mitigating effects
Authors: Dhamija Gaurav , Sen Gitanjali
Published: September 2022

Exposure to extreme shocks in early life is found to have a lasting impact in adulthood. Exploiting the variation in exposure measured by age and intensity of an earthquake, we evaluate the impact of a 7.7 MW earthquake in Gujarat, India, on the health stock of children who were in utero or below three years. Using the India Human Development Survey data from 2004–05 and earthquake intensity data, we find an affected girl child to be shorter by at least 2.5 cm at the age of 3–6 years. The earthquake seems to have destroyed the household infrastructures and health facilities, affecting the expecting mothers and newborn children. The households using services to meet nutritional needs of children and pregnant women seem to be least affected. Our findings recommend faster reconstruction activities and highlight the importance of universal healthcare and nutritional delivery services to mitigate the impacts of early-life shocks.
Child, would you sacrifice yourself? A study on the Foreign Language Effect in children
Authors: Fernández-Sanz Celia , Romero-Rivas Carlos , Rodriguez-Cuadrado Sara
Published: September 2022

The moral foreign-language effect (M-FLE) translates into more utilitarian choices, even when given the option of self-sacrifice. We explore the M-FLE in 85 children, who were presented with seven moral dilemmas varying in utilitarianism, aversiveness, and whether they allowed the option of self-sacrifice; 42 answered to the dilemmas in their native language (Spanish), and 43 in a foreign language (English). Participants were more utilitarian and willing to sacrifice themselves when using their foreign language. Educational and developmental implications are discussed, especially in the context of bilingual education.
With status decline in sight, voters turn radical right: how do experience and expectation of status decline shape electoral behaviour?
Authors: Im Zhen Jie , Wass Hanna , Kantola Anu , Kauppinen Timo M.
Published: September 2022

We distinguish between the experience and expectation of subjective status decline in relation to electoral behaviour. Studies often link support for radical parties, especially radical right ones, to voters’ experience of status decline. A few other studies argue that voters’ expectation of status decline also triggers radical right support. Without precise measures of both perceptions, it has been difficult to distinguish which (or both) is most relevant for radical right support in Western Europe and the USA. Using survey data from 2018 (n = 4,076) and 2020 (n = 2,106) in Finland, we could precisely measure and distinguish between voters’ experience and expectation of status decline. Descriptively, voters who have experienced status decline have low income, whereas voters who expect status decline have (lower)middle income. Using multivariate analyses, we find that voters who expect status decline consistently prefer radical right parties more than voters who expect status improvement. However, there is no robust evidence of radical right support among voters who have experienced status decline. These findings suggest that the expectation, not experience, of status decline drives radical right support. If these expectations trigger radical right support in Nordic welfare states, they may be even more pertinent in less comprehensive welfare states.
Case Studies on the Day‐to‐Day Variability in the Occurrence of Post‐Sunset Equatorial Spread F
Authors: Olugbon B. , Oyeyemi E. O. , Kashcheyev A.
Published: September 2022

The occurrence of post‐sunset equatorial spread F (ESF) is well understood to be associated with the evening pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE). Earlier studies have shown that when large datasets are examined, there is a significant correlation between the occurrence of post‐sunset ESF and the evening PRE. However, this correlation is much lower when the events are examined on a day‐to‐day basis. This has led to the emergence of suggestions that the PRE may not be a necessary condition for the occurrence of post‐sunset ESF. This study presents the results of the occurrence of post‐sunset ESF using data obtained from the Lowell Digisonde at Ilorin, Nigeria (ILR; 4.68°E, 8.50°N; Dip latitude −1.25°), spanning May–September 2019. In this interval, data was available on 124 days and, of this number, post‐sunset ESF occurred on 99 days (79.8%). Of the 99 days for which post‐sunset ESF was observed, two events for which the evening PRE was absent were investigated in detail. Analysis of Digisonde data for these two selected events showed modulation of the bottomside F‐layer plasma in the evening sector by wave structures. Spectral analysis of Global Positioning System Total Electron Content from multiple ground stations across Nigeria showed the appearance of wave structures, consistent with standing waves, in the ionosphere. The results presented show that standing waves are a possible mechanism for the generation of post‐sunset ESF, even in the absence of the PRE.
Holocene Marine Tephra Offshore Ecuador and Southern Colombia: First Trench‐to‐Arc Correlations and Implication for Magnitude of Major Eruptions
Authors: Bablon Mathilde , Ratzov Gueorgui , Nauret François , Samaniego Pablo , Michaud François , Saillard Marianne , Proust Jean‐Noël , Le Pennec Jean‐Luc , Collot Jean‐Yves , Devidal Jean‐Luc , Orange François , Liorzou Céline , Migeon Sébastien , Vallejo Silvia , Hidalgo Silvana , Mothes Patricia , Gonzalez Miguel
Published: September 2022

Tephra layers preserved in marine sediments are strong tools to study the frequency, magnitude and source of past major explosive eruptions. Thirty‐seven volcanoes from the Ecuadorian and Colombian arc, in the northern Andes, experienced at least one eruption during the Holocene. The volcanic hazard is therefore particularly high for the populated areas of the Andes and in particular cases for the coastal region, and it is crucial to document such events to improve hazard assessment. The age and distribution of deposits from major Holocene eruptions have been studied in the Cordillera, but no descriptions of distal fallouts have been published. In this study, we focused on 28 Holocene tephra layers recorded in marine sediment cores collected along the northern Ecuador—Southern Colombia margin. New lithological, geochemical and isotope data together with 14C datings on foraminifers allow us to determine the age and volcanic source of marine tephra, and to propose a first land‐sea correlation of distal tephra fallouts. We show that at least seven explosive eruptions from Guagua Pichincha, Atacazo‐Ninahuilca, Cotopaxi, and Cerro Machín volcanoes left tephra deposits recorded in marine cores over 250 km away from their source. Volume estimates of emitted tephra range between 1.3 and 6.0 km3 for the tenth century Guagua Pichincha, ∼5 ka Atacazo‐Ninahuilca, ∼6.7 and ∼7.9 ka Cotopaxi events, suggesting that they were eruptions of Volcanic Explosivity Index of 5. The distribution of these deposits also brings new constraints for a better evaluation of the volcanic hazard in Ecuador.
Evaluation of the Proton Contamination to MeV Electrons by Solar Proton Events Based on CSES Observations
Authors: Zhang Zhenxia , Li Xinqiao , Wang Lu , Zhima Zeren , Shen Xuhui , Yuan Shigeng , An Zhenghua , Xu Yanbing , Liang Xiaohua , Zhang Dali , Wang Ping , Wen Xiangyang
Published: September 2022

The high energy particle package (HEPP) onboard the China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) consists of three subsystems: HEPP‐H, HEPP‐L, and HEPP‐X. HEPP‐H and HEPP‐L detect 0.1–55 MeV electrons and 2–230 MeV protons. HEPP‐X is used to monitor 0.9–35 keV solar X‐rays. The primary objective of this study is to present the measurement techniques and instrument parameters, show the main features of particle observations recorded by these instruments and evaluate the proton contamination to MeV electrons. Based on CSES observation, we report a typical solar X‐ray and solar proton event and compare with observations from Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) satellite. Based on the observations of solar proton events, we put forward one method to evaluate the proton contamination level using comparatively pure proton samples on high L‐shells where the proton flux is near zero at quiet time. The percentage of protons that are mistakenly identified to be electrons by HEPP‐H is estimated to be approximately 0.022%. The proton contaminations only contribute no more than 10% of the total observed electron populations at L = 4 with energy range 8–9 MeV in the outer radiation belt region. Therefore, we conclude that the on‐orbit performance of HEPP instrument has satisfyingly met the design expectations by providing plenty of high‐quality high energy particle observation data and reference for scientific uses in the fields of space weather research and natural hazard monitoring.
Long‐Term Variation of Lunar Semidiurnal Tides in the MLT Region Revealed by a Meteor Radar Chain
Authors: Luo Jiahui , Gong Yun , Ma Zheng , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Qihou , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming , Li Guozhu
Published: September 2022

We present a study on the long‐term variation of lunar semidiurnal (LSD) tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The study is based on a meteor radar chain along ∼120°E meridian, which consists of five stations located at Mohe (MH, 53.5°N, 122.3°E), Beijing (BJ, 40.3°N, 116.2°E), Wuhan (WH, 30.5°N, 114.6°E), Sanya (SY, 18.3°N, 109.6°E), and Ledong (LD, 18.4°N, 109.0°E), respectively. Using the Lomb‐Scargle spectral analysis and least squares fitting method, strong quarter‐annual oscillations in the LSD are found at the three midlatitude stations and their magnitudes are comparable. The LSD magnitudes exhibit clear seasonal and latitudinal differences. The monthly mean magnitudes of LSD reach the maximum in January at all five stations but in other seasons they behave differently at different stations. Besides, the effects of polar vortex weakening (PVW) and quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) phases on the LSD are discussed. Based on the 12 PVW events, our study observes that the enhancement of the LSD is not always related to the commencements of PVW events. The enhancements of the LSD during the easterly QBO phase are generally stronger than those enhancements during the westerly QBO phase in the MLT region. The easterly QBO phase could modulate the mesospheric zonal mean zonal winds at low latitudes during the PVWs, which is in favor of amplifying the LSD. Our results suggest that the QBO phase is an important factor in enhancing the LSD in the MLT region during PVW events.
Near‐Surface Hydrology and Soil Properties Drive Heterogeneity in Permafrost Distribution, Vegetation Dynamics, and Carbon Cycling in a Sub‐Arctic Watershed
Authors: Shirley Ian A. , Mekonnen Zelalem A. , Wainwright Haruko , Romanovsky Vladimir E. , Grant Robert F. , Hubbard Susan S. , Riley William J. , Dafflon Baptiste
Published: September 2022

Discontinuous permafrost environments exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity at scales too small to be driven by weather forcing or captured by Earth System Models. Here we analyze effects of observed spatial heterogeneity in soil and vegetation properties, hydrology, and thermal dynamics on ecosystem carbon dynamics in a watershed on the Seward Peninsula in Alaska. We apply a Morris global sensitivity analysis to a process‐rich, successfully tested terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM), ecosys, varying soil properties, boundary conditions, and weather forcing. We show that landscape heterogeneity strongly impacts soil temperatures and vegetation composition. Snow depth, O‐horizon thickness, and near‐surface water content, which vary at scales of O(m), control the soil thermal regime more than an air temperature gradient corresponding to a 140 km north–south distance. High shrub productivity is simulated only in talik (perennially unfrozen) soils with high nitrogen availability. Through these effects on plant and permafrost dynamics, landscape heterogeneity impacts ecosystem productivity. Simulations with near‐surface taliks have higher microbial respiration (by 78.0 gC m−2 yr−1) and higher net primary productivity (by 104.9 gC m−2 yr−1) compared to runs with near‐surface permafrost, and simulations with high shrub productivity have outlying values of net carbon uptake. We explored the prediction uncertainty associated with ignoring observed landscape heterogeneity, and found that watershed net carbon uptake is 60% larger when heterogeneity is accounted for. Our results highlight the complexity inherent in discontinuous permafrost environments and demonstrate that missing representation of subgrid heterogeneity in TEMs could bias predictions of high‐latitude carbon budget.
Association between Interleukin-17F 7488A/G and 7383A/G polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Abd Almonaem Eman Rateb , Shaheen Ashraf Mohamed , Abdelrahman Amira M. N. , Hassan Waleed A. , Daay El Khair Noha Mohamed , Abdel Haie Omima Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Background

Interleukin-17F (IL-17F), one of the cytokines, is crucial in the pathophysiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Therefore, we aimed to determine the relation between IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F 7383A/G single-nucleotide polymorphisms and JIA susceptibility and to explain their impact on the disease activity.

Methods

Genomic DNA of 70 patients with JIA and 70 age and sex-matched controls were extracted and typed for IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F 7383A/G single-nucleotide polymorphisms, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method, and compared between patients and controls.

Results

When compared to AA participants, children with the AG genotype of the IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F 7383A/G polymorphisms showed a substantially greater risk of JIA. Furthermore, children with the G allele were 2.8 folds more likely to have JIA than the A allele for IL17F 7488A/G polymorphism and 3.72 folds for IL17F 7383A/G polymorphism. Children with AG genotype of IL17F 7383A/G polymorphism were far more likely to have high activity JIA.

Conclusions

The G allele of both IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F7383 A/G polymorphisms is associated with increased JIA susceptibility, and JIA at High Disease Activity was more likely to develop in AG subjects of the IL17F 7383 A/G polymorphism.

Impact

The relationship between Interleukin-17F 7488A/G and 7383A/G polymorphisms and risk for JIA has not been recognized before.

Impact of Interleukin-17F 7488A/G and 7383A/G genotypes on JIA disease activity.

The G allele of both IL17F 7488A/G and IL17F7383 A/G polymorphisms are associated with increased JIA susceptibility.

AG genotype of Interleukin-17F 7383 A/G polymorphism compared to AA patients, had a higher probability of developing JIA at a High Disease Activity (HDA) level.
Histone methyltransferase MLL1 drives renal tubular cell apoptosis by p53-dependent repression of E-cadherin during cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhang Chunyun , Guan Yingjie , Zou Jianan , Yang Xu , Bayliss Georgia , Zhuang Shougang
Published: September 2022

Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase that interacts with WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) to regulate cell survival, proliferation, and senescence. The role of MLL1 in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that MLL1, WDR5, and trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4me3) were upregulated in renal tubular cells of cisplatin-induced AKI in mice, along with increased phosphorylation of p53 and decreased expression of E-cadherin. Administration of MM102, a selective MLL1/WDR5 complex inhibitor, improved renal function and attenuated tubular injury and apoptosis, while repressing MLL1, WDR5, and H3K4me3, dephosphorylating p53 and preserving E-cadherin. In cultured mouse renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) exposed to cisplatin, treatment with MM102 or transfection with siRNAs for either MLL1 or WDR5 also inhibited apoptosis and p53 phosphorylation while preserving E-cadherin expression; p53 inhibition with Pifithrin-α lowered cisplatin-induced apoptosis without affecting expression of MLL1, WDR5, and H3K4me3. Interestingly, silencing of E-cadherin offset MM102’s cytoprotective effects, but had no effect on p53 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that MLL1/WDR5 activates p53, which, in turn, represses E-cadherin, leading to apoptosis during cisplatin-induced AKI. Further studies showed that MM102 effectively inhibited cisplatin-triggered DNA damage response (DDR), as indicated by dephosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad-3 related (ATR) proteins, dephosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 and 2 (Chk1 and Chk2); depression of γ-H2AX; and restrained cell cycle arrest, as evidenced by decreased expression of p21 and phospho-histone H3 at serine 10 in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we identify MLL1 as a novel DDR regulator that drives cisplatin-induced RPTC apoptosis and AKI by modulating the MLL1/WDR5-/ATR/ATM-Chk-p53-E-cadherin axis. Targeting the MLL1/WDR5 complex may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of AKI.
TREM2/β-catenin attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis to promote bacterial clearance of pyogenic bacteria
Authors: Wang Yi , Cao Can , Zhu Yanting , Fan Huifeng , Liu Qiaojuan , Liu Yiting , Chen Kang , Wu Yongjian , Liang Siping , Li Meiyu , Li Lexi , Liu Xi , Zhang Yuanqing , Wu Chenglin , Lu Gen , Wu Minhao
Published: September 2022

Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is considered a protective factor to protect host from bacterial infection, while how it elicits this role is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that deficiency of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) significantly enhanced macrophage pyroptosis induced by four common pyogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. TREM2 deficiency also decreased bacterial killing ratio of macrophage, while Caspase-1 or GSDMD inhibition promoted macrophage-mediated clearance to these bacteria. Further study demonstrated that the effect of TREM2 on macrophage pyroptosis and bacterial eradication mainly dependents on the activated status of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, as the key downstream of TREM2, β-catenin phosphorylated at Ser675 by TREM2 signal and accumulated in nucleus and cytoplasm. β-catenin mediated the effect of TREM2 on NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophage pyroptosis by reducing NLRP3 expression, and inhibiting inflammasome complex assembly by interacting with ASC. Collectively, TREM2/β-catenin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome to regulate macrophage pyroptosis, and enhances macrophage-mediated pyogenic bacterial clearance.
Long read genome assemblies complemented by single cell RNA-sequencing reveal genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of yak
Authors: Gao Xue , Wang Sheng , Wang Yan-Fen , Li Shuang , Wu Shi-Xin , Yan Rong-Ge , Zhang Yi-Wen , Wan Rui-Dong , He Zhen , Song Ren-De , Zhao Xin-Quan , Wu Dong-Dong , Yang Qi-En
Published: September 2022

Wild yak (Bos mutus) and domestic yak (Bos grunniens) are adapted to high altitude environment and have ecological, economic, and cultural significances on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Currently, the genetic and cellular bases underlying adaptations of yak to extreme conditions remains elusive. In the present study, we assembled two chromosome-level genomes, one each for wild yak and domestic yak, and screened structural variants (SVs) through the long-read data of yak and taurine cattle. The results revealed that 6733 genes contained high-FST SVs. 127 genes carrying special type of SVs were differentially expressed in lungs of the taurine cattle and yak. We then constructed the first single-cell gene expression atlas of yak and taurine cattle lung tissues and identified a yak-specific endothelial cell subtype. By integrating SVs and single-cell transcriptome data, we revealed that the endothelial cells expressed the highest proportion of marker genes carrying high-FST SVs in taurine cattle lungs. Furthermore, we identified pathways which were related to the medial thickness and formation of elastic fibers in yak lungs. These findings provide new insights into the high-altitude adaptation of yak and have important implications for understanding the physiological and pathological responses of large mammals and humans to hypoxia.
Neolithic culinary traditions revealed by cereal, milk and meat lipids in pottery from Scottish crannogs
Authors: Hammann Simon , Bishop Rosie R. , Copper Mike , Garrow Duncan , Greenwood Caitlin , Hewson Lanah , Sheridan Alison , Sturt Fraser , Whelton Helen L. , Cramp Lucy J. E.
Published: September 2022

Cereal cultivation in Britain dates back to ca. 4000 BCE, probably introduced by migrant farmers from continental Europe. Widespread evidence for livestock appears in the archaeozoological record, also reflected by ubiquitous dairy lipids in pottery organic residues. However, despite archaeobotanical evidence for domesticated plants (such as cereals), organic residue evidence has been near-absent. Our approach, targeting low-abundance cereal-specific markers, has now revealed evidence for cereals (indicating wheat) in Neolithic pottery from Scottish ‘crannogs’, dating to ca. 3600 – 3300 BCE. Their association with dairy products suggests cereals may have been regularly prepared together as a milk-based gruel. We also observed a strong association between the occurrence of dairy products and smaller-mouthed vessels. Here, we demonstrate that cereal-specific markers can survive in cooking pots for millennia, revealing the consumption of specific cereals (wheat) that are virtually absent from the archaeobotanical record for this region and illuminating culinary traditions among early farming communities.
Hydrogen production from the air
Authors: Guo Jining , Zhang Yuecheng , Zavabeti Ali , Chen Kaifei , Guo Yalou , Hu Guoping , Fan Xiaolei , Li Gang Kevin
Published: September 2022

Green hydrogen produced by water splitting using renewable energy is the most promising energy carrier of the low-carbon economy. However, the geographic mismatch between renewables distribution and freshwater availability poses a significant challenge to its production. Here, we demonstrate a method of direct hydrogen production from the air, namely, in situ capture of freshwater from the atmosphere using hygroscopic electrolyte and electrolysis powered by solar or wind with a current density up to 574 mA cm−2. A prototype of such has been established and operated for 12 consecutive days with a stable performance at a Faradaic efficiency around 95%. This so-called direct air electrolysis (DAE) module can work under a bone-dry environment with a relative humidity of 4%, overcoming water supply issues and producing green hydrogen sustainably with minimal impact to the environment. The DAE modules can be easily scaled to provide hydrogen to remote, (semi-) arid, and scattered areas.
Molecular insights into antibody-mediated protection against the prototypic simian immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Zhao Fangzhu , Berndsen Zachary T. , Pedreño-Lopez Nuria , Burns Alison , Allen Joel D. , Barman Shawn , Lee Wen-Hsin , Chakraborty Srirupa , Gnanakaran Sandrasegaram , Sewall Leigh M. , Ozorowski Gabriel , Limbo Oliver , Song Ge , Yong Peter , Callaghan Sean , Coppola Jessica , Weisgrau Kim L. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Nedellec Rebecca , Voigt Thomas B. , Laurino Fernanda , Louw Johan , Rosen Brandon C. , Ricciardi Michael , Crispin Max , Desrosiers Ronald C. , Rakasz Eva G. , Watkins David I. , Andrabi Raiees , Ward Andrew B. , Burton Dennis R. , Sok Devin
Published: September 2022

SIVmac239 infection of macaques is a favored model of human HIV infection. However, the SIVmac239 envelope (Env) trimer structure, glycan occupancy, and the targets and ability of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to protect against SIVmac239 remain unknown. Here, we report the isolation of SIVmac239 nAbs that recognize a glycan hole and the V1/V4 loop. A high-resolution structure of a SIVmac239 Env trimer-nAb complex shows many similarities to HIV and SIVcpz Envs, but with distinct V4 features and an extended V1 loop. Moreover, SIVmac239 Env has a higher glycan shield density than HIV Env that may contribute to poor or delayed nAb responses in SIVmac239-infected macaques. Passive transfer of a nAb protects macaques from repeated intravenous SIVmac239 challenge at serum titers comparable to those described for protection of humans against HIV infection. Our results provide structural insights for vaccine design and shed light on antibody-mediated protection in the SIV model.
On the origin of elasticity and heat conduction anisotropy of liquid crystal elastomers at gigahertz frequencies
Authors: Cang Yu , Liu Jiaqi , Ryu Meguya , Graczykowski Bartlomiej , Morikawa Junko , Yang Shu , Fytas George
Published: September 2022

Liquid crystal elastomers that offer exceptional load-deformation response at low frequencies often require consideration of the mechanical anisotropy only along the two symmetry directions. However, emerging applications operating at high frequencies require all five true elastic constants. Here, we utilize Brillouin light spectroscopy to obtain the engineering moduli and probe the strain dependence of the elasticity anisotropy at gigahertz frequencies. The Young’s modulus anisotropy,E||/E⊥~2.6, is unexpectedly lower than that measured by tensile testing, suggesting disparity between the local mesogenic orientation and the larger scale orientation of the network strands. Unprecedented is the robustness ofE||/E⊥to uniaxial load that it does not comply with continuously transformable director orientation observed in the tensile testing. Likewise, the heat conductivity is directional,κ||/κ⊥~3.0 withκ⊥= 0.16 Wm−1K−1. Conceptually, this work reveals the different length scales involved in the thermoelastic anisotropy and provides insights for programming liquid crystal elastomers on-demand for high-frequency applications.
O-GlcNAcylation enhances CPS1 catalytic efficiency for ammonia and promotes ureagenesis
Authors: Soria Leandro R. , Makris Georgios , D’Alessio Alfonso M. , De Angelis Angela , Boffa Iolanda , Pravata Veronica M. , Rüfenacht Véronique , Attanasio Sergio , Nusco Edoardo , Arena Paola , Ferenbach Andrew T. , Paris Debora , Cuomo Paola , Motta Andrea , Nitzahn Matthew , Lipshutz Gerald S. , Martínez-Pizarro Ainhoa , Richard Eva , Desviat Lourdes R. , Häberle Johannes , van Aalten Daan M. F. , Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
Published: September 2022

Life-threatening hyperammonemia occurs in both inherited and acquired liver diseases affecting ureagenesis, the main pathway for detoxification of neurotoxic ammonia in mammals. Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible and nutrient-sensitive post-translational modification using as substrate UDP-GlcNAc, the end-product of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. Here we show that increased liver UDP-GlcNAc during hyperammonemia increases protein O-GlcNAcylation and enhances ureagenesis. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation on specific threonine residues increased the catalytic efficiency for ammonia of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in ureagenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAcase, the enzyme removing O-GlcNAc from proteins, resulted in clinically relevant reductions of systemic ammonia in both genetic (hypomorphic mouse model of propionic acidemia) and acquired (thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure) mouse models of liver diseases. In conclusion, by fine-tuned control of ammonia entry into ureagenesis, hepatic O-GlcNAcylation of CPS1 increases ammonia detoxification and is a novel target for therapy of hyperammonemia in both genetic and acquired diseases.
Multistability and anomalies in oscillator models of lossy power grids
Authors: Delabays Robin , Jafarpour Saber , Bullo Francesco
Published: September 2022

The analysis of dissipatively coupled oscillators is challenging and highly relevant in power grids. Standard mathematical methods are not applicable, due to the lack of network symmetry induced by dissipative couplings. Here we demonstrate a close correspondence between stable synchronous states in dissipatively coupled oscillators, and the winding partition of their state space, a geometric notion induced by the network topology. Leveraging this winding partition, we accompany this article with an algorithms to compute all synchronous solutions of complex networks of dissipatively coupled oscillators. These geometric and computational tools allow us to identify anomalous behaviors of lossy networked systems. Counterintuitively, we show that loop flows and dissipation can increase the system’s transfer capacity, and that dissipation can promote multistability. We apply our geometric framework to compute power flows on the IEEE RTS-96 test system, where we identify two high voltage solutions with distinct loop flows.
Small-molecule ionic liquid-based adhesive with strong room-temperature adhesion promoted by electrostatic interaction
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Wenxiang , Zhang Yan , Wei Qiang , Han Fei , Dong Shengyi , Liu Dongqing , Zhang Shiguo
Published: September 2022

Low-molecular-weight adhesives (LMWAs) possess many unique features compared to polymer adhesives. However, fabricating LMWAs with adhesion strengths higher than those of polymeric materials is a significant challenge, mainly because of the relatively weak and unbalanced cohesion and interfacial adhesion. Herein, an ionic liquid (IL)-based adhesive with high adhesion strength is demonstrated by introducing an IL moiety into a Y-shaped molecule replete with hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions. The IL moieties not only destroyed the rigid and ordered H-bonding networks, releasing more free groups to form hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) at the substrate/adhesive interface, but also provided electrostatic interactions that improved the cohesion energy. The synthesized IL-based adhesive, Tri-HT, could directly form thin coatings on various substrates, with high adhesion strengths of up to 12.20 MPa. Advanced adhesives with electrical conductivity, self-healing behavior, and electrically-controlled adhesion could also be fabricated by combining Tri-HT with carbon nanotubes.
Determining levels of linguistic deficit by applying cluster analysis to the aphasia quotient of Western Aphasia Battery in post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Yan Zhijie , Wei Dongshuai , Xu Shuo , Zhang Jingna , Yang Chunsheng , He Xinyuan , Li Chong , Zhang Yongli , Chen Mengye , Li Xiaofang , Jia Jie
Published: September 2022

The aphasia quotient of Western Aphasia Battery (WAB-AQ) has been used as an inclusion criterion and as an outcome measure in clinical, research, or community settings. The WAB-AQ is also commonly used to measure recovery. This study aimed to quantitatively determine levels of the linguistic deficit by using a cluster analysis of the WAB-AQ in post-stroke aphasia (PSA). 308 patients were extracted from the database. Cutoff scores are defined by mean overlap WAB-AQ scores of clusters by systematic cluster analysis, the method of which is the farthest neighbor element, and the metrics are square Euclidean distance and Pearson correlation, performed on the full sample of WAB-AQ individual subitem scores. A 1-way analysis of variance, with post hoc comparisons conducted, was used to determine whether clusters had significant differences. Three clusters were identified. The scores for severe, moderate, and mild linguistic deficit levels ranged from 0 to 30, 30.1 to 50.3, and 50.4 to 93.7, respectively. For PSA, the cluster analysis of WAB-AQ supports a 3-impairment level classification scheme.
Effect of artifacts upon the pressure reactivity index
Authors: Rozanek Martin , Skola Josef , Horakova Lenka , Trukhan Valeriia
Published: September 2022

The pressure reactivity index (PRx) is a parameter for the assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation, but its calculation is affected by artifacts in the source biosignals—intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial blood pressure. We sought to describe the most common short-duration artifacts and their effect on the PRx. A retrospective analysis of 935 h of multimodal monitoring data was conducted, and five types of artifacts, characterized by their shape, duration, and amplitude, were identified: rectangular, fast impulse, isoline drift, saw tooth, and constant ICP value. Subsequently, all types of artifacts were mathematically modeled and inserted into undisturbed segments of biosignals. Fast impulse, the most common artifact, did not alter the PRx index significantly when inserted into one or both signals. Artifacts present in one signal exceeded the threshold PRx in less than 5% of samples, except for isoline drift. Compared to that, the shortest rectangular artifact inserted into both signals changed PRx to a value above the set threshold in 55.4% of cases. Our analysis shows that the effect of individual artifacts on the PRx index is variable, depending on their occurrence in one or both signals, duration, and shape. This different effect suggests that potentially not all artifacts need to be removed.
Effective nonlinear responses of three-phase magnetoelectric composites
Authors: Lin Chien-hong , Liu Fang-Yu
Published: September 2022

A computational method, dubbed simplified unit-cell micromechanics model, is generalized and applied to establish the effective nonlinear responses of three-phase magnetoelectric composites that are composed of two distinct magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases embedded in elastic polymer matrices. The nature of nonlinear constitutive behavior of each constituent is expected to significantly influence the overall responses of the composites. To obtain the effective nonlinear responses, a mathematical linearization is first introduced to perform the constitutive linearization for the nonlinear materials, and the resulting constitutive equations are then unified and nested into the micromechanics model followed by iterations in order to minimize errors from the linearization process. For the purpose of comparison, we also reformulate the well-established Mori–Tanaka micromechanics model insofar as its mathematical structure is aligned with that of the simplified unit-cell model. Numerical results are first validated against limited experimental measurements available in literature. Parametric studies are then conducted in order to reveal the effect of phase constitutive laws, volume fractions, and geometries on the overall nonlinear responses of there-phase magnetoelectric composites. The contributions of this work complement those of earlier studies that prevalently devoted to two-phase magnetoelectric composites and linear magneto-electro-elastic coupled responses only.
The effect of the association between CETP variant type and alcohol consumption on cholesterol level differs according to the ALDH2 variant type
Authors: Yoo Min-Gyu , Yun Ji Ho , Koo Soo Kyung , Lee Hye-Ja
Published: September 2022

Alcohol consumption is associated with a high increased lipid profile and this association may depend on genetic risk factors. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of genetic variation associated with alcohol consumption on lipid profiles using data from two Korean population studies. We performed a genotype association study using the HEXA (n = 51,349) and KNHANES (n = 9158) data. Genotype analyses of the two sets of Korean population data showed associations of increased total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol with CETP rs708272. The HEXA and KNHANES populations revealed differences in HDL cholesterol according to the presence of CETP rs708272, independent of ALDH2 rs671 and alcohol consumption. In contrast, total cholesterol levels were associated with alcohol consumption and ALDH2 rs671 in men with CETP rs708272 (CT and TT genotypes). Furthermore, in drinkers with ALDH2 rs671 (GA and AA genotypes), higher total cholesterol was associated with the CETP rs708272 TT minor homozygous genotype based on both HEXA and KNHANES data. Our findings demonstrated that alcohol consumption and genetic variation in either CETP or ALDH2 may be associated with cholesterol levels. We hope these findings will provide a better understanding of the relationship between alcohol consumption and cholesterol according to each individual’s genetic background.