bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemetaan Mangrove Kepulauan Lease, Provinsi Maluku Menggunakan Data Multi-Temporal Dan Multi-Sensor Citra Satelit Landsat
Authors: Wouthuyzen Sam , Ahmad Fasmi
Published: October 2019

Mangrove Mapping of The Lease Islands, Maluku Province Using Multi-Temporal And Multi-Sensor Of Landsat Satellite Images. Mangrove mapping in the Lease Islands, Maluku Province has been done, but using only a single date satellite image. Therefore, it is difficult to know the dynamics of their changes.  The aim of this study is to map mangroves every 5 year (1985-2015) using multi-sensors (MSS, TM, ETM+ and OLI) of Landsat and field data. Supervised classification using maximum likelihood was used for classifying mangrove and other habitats, and counting their areas. Results showed that mangrove in the Saparua and Nusalaut Islands, consisted of 22 and 13 species, respectively, with the longest distribution along the cost line of Tuhaha Bay due to freshwater supplay from the surrounding river, while the rest are grown in the hardy reef flat substrates. The mean overall acurracies of the maps was good enough (74.7%), except for one Landsat-5 TM and Landat-8 OLI because of the influences of cloud cover or haze.  During 30 years, the areas of mangrove are relatively stable since they are protected by local wisdom called "Kewang". The highest bias of 11.4% that made the areas of mangrove increase or decrease was not due to the utilization or conversion of mangrove, but mainly due to the influences of cloud cover/haze and the geometric differences among Landsat sensors. In the near future, the OBIA method should be try, because it seems to be able to produce mangrove maps with better accuracy.
Grouping of Meroplankton Habitat in Jakarta Bay and Seribu Island
Authors: Puspasari Reny , Aisyah Aisyah
Published: October 2019

Jakarta Bay is an estuarine ecosystem and facing the small island groups of Seribu Island.  Jakarta Bay is known as nursery ground for many marine biotas, determined by numerous numbers of meroplankton. The distributions of meroplankton are highly influence by environmental conditions of Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands.  This research objective was to analyze the habitat preferences of some meroplankton groups such as shrimp, mollusk, crab and fish larvae in Jakarta Bay and Southern Seribu Islands. Fish larvae sampling was conducted in 13 stations that categorized into estuarine and small island stations in Jakarta Bay and Southern Seribu Island, combination of seven estuarine stations and six small island stations. The results found that there was a variation on the distribution and composition of meroplankton in sampling area.  There were six groups of marine meroplankton, namely shrimps, mollusk, crabs, fish, jelly fish and squid larvae in Jakarta Bay and Seribu Island. The abundance of shrimp, mollusk and fish larvae is higher in April than August. The abundance of crab larvae is higher in August than April, while the others are found in small number both in April and August.  Shrimps, fish and mollusks larvae have no specific preferences in habitat used, however they mostly used small island stations as their habitat compare to estuary, which has high temperature and salinity
Komunitas Makroalga di Perairan Tayando-Tam, Maluku Tenggara
Authors: Dwimayasanti Rany , Kurnianto Dedy
Published: October 2019

Community of Macroalgae in Tayando-Tam Waters, Southeast Maluku. Macroalgae is one of the most important economically valuable resources to be developed for food and medicine. This study aims to determine the structure of macroalgae communities by examining the diversity, density, dominance and environmental conditions of its waters. The research was conducted in Tayando-Tam waters, Southeast Moluccas at five stations in September 2015. The study was conducted by transect along 200 meters from the coast to the open shore, observation stations in 50x50 cm quadrant size. The macroalgae community in Tayando-Tam waters is generally in good condition although there is one station that has a moderate dominance value due to a current limiting factor. The macroalgae obtained in five stations are 37 species, dominated by Acanthophora muscoides species, Hypnea spinella, and Halimeda opuntia. Water conditions are still in the optimal range for macroalgae growth.
Abrasi dan Sedimentasi Pantai di Kawasan Pesisir Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Hasanudin Muhammad , Kusmanto Edi
Published: October 2019

Coastal Abrasion and Sedimentation Kota Bengkulu Coast Area. Coastal environment of Kota Bengkulu is typified by strong wave energy, which caused coastal abrasion and sedimentation. This paper intends to discuss the abrasion and sedimentation processes in the coastal area of Kota Bengkulu. Bathymetry survey has been employed to measured the depth of ocean floor, together with turbidity of water, and tide and wave currents. The erosion in the coastal Kota Bengkulu occurred as a result of the strong waves which hit coastal cliffs intensively and high rainfall conditions that weaken the bond-forming material at the foot of the cliff coast. On the other hand, sedimentation occured due to the supply of sediment from the collapsed material of the coastal cliffs that are transported by the current in the Coastal Waters of Kota Bengkulu together with Jenggalu River and Air Bengkulu River.
Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pencemaran Timbal (Pb) Pada Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) di Perairan Cilincing Pesisir DKI Jakarta
Authors: Simbolon Anna Rejeki
Published: October 2019

Health Risk Assessment of Lead (Pb) Pollution in Green Mussel (Perna viridis) at Cilincing Waters, DKI Jakarta Littoral. Cilincing waters is one of the river estuaries on the coast of DKI Jakarta with increasing industrial and community activities. These activities certainly produce waste that contains heavy metal lead and into the water. Water pollution will affect the health of humans who interact directly or indirectly in these waters. Green mussel (Perna viridis) is one of the dominant benthic biota in Cilincing Waters and becomes one of the food for the people of DKI Jakarta. Green mussels exposed to lead metals at a certain concentration will adversely affect human health. So that required analysis of water pollution to health risks that may occur. This study aims to analyze the health risks of pollution, especially lead metals found in green mussel against humans. The research was conducted in Cilincing Coastal Waters of DKI Jakarta, from September to December 2017 by using survey method to determine the condition of existing environment. Parameters analyzed included Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Pb metal in water, sediment and green mussels. Health risk analysis of lead metal pollution is carried out using the SEDISOIL risk analysis model. This study shows that the concentrations of Pb metal in sediments and green mussels have been above the quality standard so that green mussels from that area are not feasible for consumption by the community. This is evident from the health risk (RQ) noses that have exceeded each sample location
Produktivitas Primer Perairan Kolong Bekas Tambang Bauksit di Kota Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Apriadi Tri , Putra Risandi Dwirama , Idris Fadhliyah
Published: October 2019

Primary Productivity on Abandoned Bauxite Mining Pits of Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands. The abandoned bauxite mining pits in Bintan Island have a good opportunity to be developed, especially as an aquaculture area. The objective of this study was to determine the primary productivity of the waters, phytoplankton ecological index, and physical and chemical parameters of the bauxite post-mining ponds in Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands. The study was conducted in April-August 2018 in two bauxite post-mining ponds (station 1 and 2) in Senggarang, Tanjungpinang City. The parameters observed were the abundance and ecological index of phytoplankton, aquatic primary productivity, physical and chemical parameters of the waters, and nutrients, N and P. From the study it was found that there were three phytoplankton divisions, consisted of three classes and eight genera. Mougeotia sp. was the dominant species of phytoplankton. The abandoned bauxite mining pits were classified as labile and the phytoplankton communities were under environmental stress due to the dominance of certain species. The abandoned bauxite mining pits were classified as young (inundation <5 years), low primary productivity, as well as oligotrophic waters. Net primary productivity in station 2 was higher than station 1, i.e. 1,23 mgC L-1 day-1 and 0,25 mgC L-1 day-1, respectively. The physical and chemical parameters of the bauxite post-mining ponds studied met the quality standards for freshwater aquaculture activities, except for pH and ammonia.
The Impact of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes on Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Henry Linda
Published: October 2019

The growing global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has led to the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, the presence of obesity and T2DM has been shown to increase the likelihood of adverse outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. In a study by Harris et al., a combination of obesity and T2DM was associated with an increased risk for higher liver stiffness, as measured by transient elastography. It is possible that public health and clinical intervention targeting these components of metabolic syndrome can lead to improved outcomes of subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and other chronic liver diseases.
Cold Snare Polypectomy in Patients Taking Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Randomized Trial of Discontinuation of Thienopyridines
Authors: Won Ma Dae , Kim Joon Sung , Ji Jeong-Seon , Kim Byung-Wook , Choi Hwang
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a safe and effective method for removing polyps ≤10 mm. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of clinically significant bleeding and thromboembolic events after CSP between stopping and continuing thienopyridines in patients taking dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

METHODS:

The study was a single-center, noninferiority, and randomized controlled study involving patients who received colonoscopy from October 2015 to October 2016. Patients receiving DAPT with polyps ≤10 mm were randomly assigned to either the DAPT group (patients continued DAPT) or the aspirin group (patients discontinued thienopyridines for 1 week). Primary outcome was clinically significant bleeding. Secondary outcomes included intraprocedural bleeding, nonsignificant hematochezia, and occurrence of thromboembolic events.

RESULTS:

Forty-two patients with 104 eligible polyps were allocated to the DAPT group, and 45 patients with 101 eligible polyps were allocated to the aspirin group. Patient demographic characteristics including size, location, shape, and pathology of the removed polyps were similar in the 2 groups. Intraprocedural bleeding and nonsignificant hematochezia rates were also similar between the 2 groups (4.8% vs 2.2%, P = 0.608; 19.0% vs 8.9%, P = 0.170). No thromboembolic event occurred in either group. Only 1 patient (2.4%) in the DAPT group showed clinically significant bleeding. No significant bleeding was found in the aspirin group.

DISCUSSION:

Clinically significant bleeding rate after CSP for polyps ≤10 mm in patients continuing to take DAPT was 2.4%. Therefore, CSP is a safe method for removing small polyps even in patients taking DAPT (ClincialTrials.gov number, NCT02865824).
Mechanisms of the effects of fenfluramine on type II diabetes mellitus in combination with obesity
Authors: Balabolkin M. I. , O.M. Novikov O. M.
Published: October 2019

With obesity-related diabetes, it is possible to use biguanides, which have a slight anorectic effect. The presence of side effects in biguanides often complicates their long-term use, especially in elderly patients who have a history of chronic diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys, and liver. In such cases, it is advisable to prescribe anorectic drugs that simultaneously affect carbohydrate metabolism.One of these drugs is p-ethyl-a-methyl-3-fluoromethylphenethylamine hydrochloride (minifage, ponderal), which has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. Fenfluramine reduces the supply and synthesis of monoamines (5-hydroxytryptamine) in the diencephalic regions of the brain, due to which there is a decrease in food requirements and a decrease in body weight.A number of researchers have shown that the hypoglycemic effect of the drug occurs due to peripheral action. Fenfluramine affects the extraneuronal oxidation of monoamins and reduces the level of tryptophan in the blood. T. Pssquire in experiments on rats confirmed that this effect of the drug is achieved by improving the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin, especially muscles.Some researchers observed a decrease in plasma fatty acids and cholesterol levels during treatment with ferfluramine.However, the issue of the effect of the drug on the residual secretion of the C-peptide of b-cells of the pancreas during treatment with fenfluramine is not covered in the literature available to us.In our study, 26 patients with obesity (the control group consisted of 18 healthy subjects who had previously impaired glucose tolerance) showed that fenfluramine restores phase I of insulin secretion on the background of an intravenous load with glucagon or glucose, and compensation for diabetes mellitus during treatment fenfluramine is apparently associated not only with a direct stimulating effect on the -cells of the islets of Langerhans but also with its peripheral effect.
Diabetes mellitus epidemiology in Daghestan
Authors: Abusuyev S. A. , Khachirov J. G. , Akhmedkhanov A. A.
Published: October 2019

The authors analyze the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Daghestan, a republic with various climatic and geographic zones, whose population belongs to a great variety of ethnic groups, over 1987-1991. The findings evidence a lower prevalence of this condition in Daghestan than in other regions, but there is a trend to an annual increment in the morbidity, mostly at the expense of Type II diabetes. The urban residents of Daghestan more often develop the disease, may be due to the fact that wine-making industry is concentrated mainly in town. In the country diabetes mellitus in more incident on the planes, less incident in the foothills, and still less incident in the mountains. The highlanders, when they come to the planes, develop diabetes mellitus as frequently as the residents of the planes. Of the ethnic groups the Russians suffer from the disease most frequently, then come the Kumyks, Lakts, Darghines, Lezghines, Aguls, Tabasaranes; the Avares and Rutules are the least frequent among the diabetics. Preventive measures should be concentrated mostly in towns and on the planes. These specific features of diabetes mellitus epidemiology should be taken into consideration when organizing a net of endocrine service.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of microcorticotropinomas
Authors: Serpukhovitin S. Yu. , Trunin Yu. K. , Arapova S. D.
Published: October 2019

Microsurgical selective removal of hypophyseal adenomas is more and more frequently used in the treatment of Icenko-Cushings disease of late. This permits complete cure of approximately 90 % of the patients. Ten patients with this disease, induced by corticotropinoma, were observed. The hormonal methods, as well as computer-aided tomography and NMR tomography, were used to diagnose the condition. A high resolving power of these methods for the diagnosis of this disease is noteworthy. The authors describe the method for microadenoma detection during the operation and present the data of hormonal studies after selective adenomectomy. They emphasize that in cases when clinical data are supported by the hormonal and x-ray findings that confirm the presence of a microcorticotropinoma in Icenko-Cushings disease transsphenoidal adenomectomy must be the method of choice for the treatment of such patients.
Relationship between chorionic gonadotropin immunomodulating effects and the initial functional activity of the splenocytes mediating the adoptive immune response
Authors: Shirshev S. V. , Kevorkov N. N.
Published: October 2019

CBA and (СВАхC57BL/6) F1 male mice were used in experiments. One hour incubation of splenocytes with chorionic gonadotropin in doses 10 or 50 MU/ml statistically significantly reduced the count of antibody-producing cells detectable in the syngeneic transfer system. Addition of conA or recombinant human interleukin 2 to the splenocyte culture did not alter the processes of the formation of antibodyproducing cells. Addition of chorionic gonadotropin simultaneously with conA resulted in discontinuation of the immunosuppression induced by a low hormone dose, whereas 50 MU/ml of chorionic gonadotropin in the presence of conA had a marked immunodepressant effect. Combination of interleukin 2 with chorionic gonadotropin lead either to immunosuppression cessation (10 MU/ml) or to more than twofold stimulation of the adoptive immune response (50 MU/ml). Voltaren a cycloxygenase inhibitor, was used in some experiments to elucidate the degree of endogenic prostaglandin relationships with the mechanisms of chorionic gonadotropin immunomodulating effects. Cycloxygenase activity was found to be related to the immunosuppressive effect of chorionic gonadotropin low dose, whereas the costimulating effect of a high dose of the hormone in the presence of interleukin 2 was unrelated to endogenic prostaglandin synthesis.
Some characteristics of the thyroid status in children and adolescents living in one of the Kaluga regions contaminated with radionuclides
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Tsyb A. F. , Matveyenko Ye. G. , Omelchenko V. N. , Borovikova M. P. , Peterkova V. A. , Tyulpakov A. N. , Kandror V. I. , Goncharov N. P. , Parshin V. S. , Mischenko В. P. , Semicheva T. V. , Buraya T. L. , Stepanenko V. F.
Published: October 2019

Thyroid status was examined in 9294 children living in the Ulyanov district of the Kaluga region contaminated with radionuclides. Thyroid size and structure were assessed using ultrasonic examination, its function was characterized based on thyrotropin and free thyroxin measurements. Specific autoimmunity was evaluated from assays of antibodies to microsomal antigen and thyroglobulin. The resultant values were assessed with due consideration for the individual dose of 131I absorbed by the thyroid. Thyroid enlargement was detected in 29.2 %, nodular goiter in 0.79 % of the examinees. A reliable positive correlation was found between the degree of thyroid enlargement and 131I absorbed dose. Functional parameters (thyrotropin and free thyroxin) were within the normal range, no correlation was detected between hormonal parameters, thyroid size, and 94 absorbed dose. Antibodies to microsomal antigen were detected in 4.3 %, to thyroglobulin in 7.2 %, to both in 2.8 % of the examinees, this being within the normal range in the population; but a relationship was detected between antibody production and absorbed dose of 131I. Hence, though no noticeable changes in the thyroid status were detected 5 years after the accident in the population examined, the revealed correlations between thyroid enlargement, presence of antithyroid antibodies, and 131I dose may be indicative of a possible growth of thyroid morbidity.
Репрезентация практик потребления алкоголя в виртуальных социальных сетях
Authors: Белова Юлия Юрьевна , Фадеева Ирина Михайловна
Published: October 2019

Виртуальные социальные сети мгновенно реагируют на происходящие в обществе процессы, в них отражаются актуальные практики поведения людей, в том числе по отношению к употреблению алкоголя. Обсуждение процесса алкоголепотребления в социальных сетях характеризуется экспрессивной коммуникацией, особенно в комментариях интернет-пользователей.

Цель исследования состоит в выявлении смысловой структуры репрезентации повседневного потребления алкоголя в дискурсе виртуальных социальных сетей. С помощью качественного анализа комментариев пользователей социальных сетей определены ведущие смысловые модели репрезентации, отражающие доминирующие практики повседневного потребления алкоголя. В ходе исследования проанализировано 10195 комментариев, опубликованных 9 000 российскими пользователями популярных социальных сетей: «ВКонтакте», «Одноклассники», Facebook, Google+, Instagram, — за период с 16 марта по 16 апреля 2018 г. Для отбора комментариев использовалась информационно-аналитическая система «Медиалогия».

По результатам исследования сделан вывод о наличии множественности смысловых моделей репрезентации повседневного потребления алкоголя, отраженных в пространстве социальных сетей. Они позволили выделить основные алкогольные дискурс-практики и социокультурные черты потребления алкоголя, маркеры его общественной нормативности.

Исследование показало, что обсуждение потребления алкоголя в социальных сетях репрезентирует следующие социокультурные смыслы: социальная нормативность, доступность, обыденность, стереотипизированность, стандартизация, сакральность, социокультурная укорененность. Многообразие проалкогольного контента в социальных сетях свидетельствует о высокой значимости этого феномена в социальном пространстве и представлениях людей, указывает на наличие социокультурных характеристик современной интернет-коммуникации, в рамках которой формируются свой метаязык и соответствующие смыслы, требующие изучения на междисциплинарном уровне.

Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых-кандидатов наук (проект МК-6274.2018.6).

Авторы признательны руководителю отдела маркетинга компании «Медиалогия» М. Мачерет за важные консультации и комментарии по методике работы с сервисом.
Использование интернета и культурное потребление в странах Европы: сравнительный анализ
Authors: Корсунова Виолетта Игоревна , Волченко Олеся Викторовна
Published: October 2019

В работе анализируется связь между онлайн- и офлайн-практиками культурного потребления в странах Европы. Существует множество исследований, рассматривающих связи между использованием интернета и офлайн-жизнью пользователей, однако их результаты разнятся: с одной стороны, интернет воспринимается как «заместитель», вытесняющий традиционные формы социальных взаимодействий; c другой стороны, в ряде работ показывается, что, напротив, интернет положительно связан с социальной активностью, разнообразием форм досуга и является одной из составляющих нового культурного капитала. Вместе с тем в существующей литературе недостаточно изучена связь между онлайн-практиками досуга и соответствующими традиционными практиками досуга. В данной статье на примере культурных практик посещения кинотеатров, концертов и оперы рассматривается эффект использования интернета в культурных целях. В частности, проанализирована связь между использованием интернета для скачивания/просмотра фильмов, а также скачивания/прослушивания музыки и соответствующих офлайн-практик. На данных Евробарометра 79.2 (2012-2013 гг.) установлена положительная связь между офлайн-практиками и соответствующими практиками онлайн. В то же время данная связь оказывается зависимой от иных характеристик, таких как возраст, размер населенного пункта и уровень развития страны.

Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в результате проведения исследования в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ) и с использованием средств субсидии в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5-100».
Международные оценки перспектив технологии блокчейн и смарт-контрактов в научно-образовательной среде: возможности и ограничения
Authors: Бычкова Ольга Викторовна , Евсеева Ирина Константиновна , Малюшкин Роман Вячеславович
Published: October 2019

В статье рассматриваются возможности и перспективы использования технологии блокчейн и смарт-контрактов в науке и образовании. Тема вызывает споры среди специалистов: одни убеждают в эффективности предлагаемых решений, тогда как другие указывают на отрицательные последствия и препятствия к введению новой технологии. Авторы анализируют предварительные экспертные точки зрения на варианты использования блокчейна и смарт-контрактов в научно-образовательной деятельности. Исследование основано на материалах экспертных интервью со специалистами из Австрии, Великобритании, Ирландии, Нидерландов и США, имеющими опыт в сфере применения указанных технологий к научным, образовательным и социальным проектам. В заключении обсуждаются возможные барьеры на пути внедрения блокчейна и смарт-контрактов в России.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ) в рамках научного проекта «Сетевые договоры (смарт-контракты) как способ регулирования и организации научной деятельности» (№ 18-29-16184). Авторы выражают благодарность Лилии Земнуховой и Николаю Руденко (ЕУСПб) за участие в сборе эмпирических данных, на которых основана статья.
«Студент» или «молодой ученый»: мнения научных руководителей о предпочтительной модели аспирантской подготовки в российских университетах
Authors: Малошонок Наталья Геннадьевна
Published: October 2019

Вступивший в силу в 2013 г. Федеральный закон «Об образовании в Российской Федерации» присвоил российской аспирантуре статус третьей ступени образования, обозначив начало ее перехода к модели структурированных аспирантских программ. Несмотря на то, что данный переход отражает глобальные тренды в области подготовки аспирантов, общественно-политическая дискуссия разворачивается вокруг необходимости возврата к старой модели подготовки научно-педагогических кадров. Таким образом, аспирантура находится в ситуации выбора продолжать ли развитие в соответствии со статусом ступени образования или возвращаться к советской модели. Статья посвящена изучению мнений научных руководителей аспирантов о предпочтительной модели аспирантуры в современном российском вузе. Обсуждаются две модели аспирантских программ, модель «наставничества», соответствующая российской аспирантуре до 2012 г., и модель структурированных программ, отличие которых проявляется в трех основных характеристиках: (1) объем учебной нагрузки; (2) отслеживание прогресса аспиранта; (3) формируемые навыки. Исследование имеет смешанный дизайн, для сбора данных использовались полуструктурированные интервью и онлайн-опрос. Научных руководителей спрашивали о том, как должна выглядеть идеальная аспирантура в соответствии с перечисленными четырьмя характеристиками. Проведены 24 полуструктурированных интервью и опрос 166 человек — научных руководителей в двух российских университетах. Результаты исследования выявили неоднородность мнений научных руководителей о предпочтительной для России модели аспирантуры. Большинство респондентов склоняются к тому, что идеальная аспирантура может сочетать в себе черты модели «наставничества» и структурированных программ, либо затрудняется дать ответ относительно того, какая модель окажется лучше для российской аспирантуры. Результаты исследования могут быть объяснены наблюдающейся «аномией» в сфере аспирантской подготовки, обусловленной незавершенностью переходного периода и неопределенностью стратегических приоритетов российской аспирантуры.
Профессия «социолог»: история вопроса о профессиональном стандарте
Authors: Рыбакова Ольга Викторовна
Published: October 2019

Рассматривается история разработки национального стандарта профессии «Социолог: специалист по фундаментальным и прикладным социологическим исследованиям».  Представлены этапы переосмысления профессиональным сообществом квалификационных требований к деятельности социологов. Проводится анализ дискуссий о критериях качества исследовательского процесса и его результатов, начиная с 1970-1980-х гг. по сегодняшний день;  рассмотрены причины трансформации вопроса качества из методологического дискурса  в нормативно-правовой.
Статья будет полезна руководителям и специалистам исследовательских компаний,  преподавателям и студентам социологической, экономической, гуманитарных специальностей, разработчикам  ФГОС по специальности «социология», руководителям предприятий — заказчикам социологических и маркетинговых исследований.
Увлекательное путешествие по социологии религии. Рец. на кн.: Островская Е.А. Социология религии: введение. СПб.: Петербургское Востоковедение. 2018. 320 с.
Authors: Трофимов Сергей Викторович
Published: October 2019

Рецензия знакомит читателя с новой книгой известного российского социолога Е.А. Островской «Социология религии: введение», вышедшей в свет в 2018 г. в издательстве «Петербургское востоковедение» . Книга подробно и увлекательно описывает основные классические и современные концепции религии, принятые в социологии, каким образом социологические методы позволяют исследовать проявления религии в повседневной жизни, как устроены религиозные организации и как религия трансформируется в медиапространстве. Книга предназначена для самого широкого читателя, а уровень изложения и полнота освещаемого материала удовлетворят самого искушенного читателя.
Findings of metabolic bone disease in infants with unexplained fractures in contested child abuse investigations: a case series of 75 infants
Authors: Miller Marvin , Stolfi Adrienne , Ayoub David
Published: October 2019

Background

Infants who present with multiple unexplained fractures (MUF) are often diagnosed as victims of child abuse when parents deny wrongdoing and cannot provide a plausible alternative explanation. Herein we describe evidence of specific and commonly overlooked radiographic abnormalities and risk factors that suggest a medical explanation in such cases.

Methods

We evaluated such infants in which we reviewed the radiographs for signs of poor bone mineralization. We reviewed medical, pregnancy and family histories.

Results

Seventy-five of 78 cases showed poor bone mineralization with findings of healing rickets indicating susceptibility to fragility fractures that could result from a wide variety of causes other than child abuse. We found risk factors that could explain the poor bone mineralization: maternal and infant vitamin D deficiency (VDD), decreased fetal bone loading, prematurity and others. Most infants had more than one risk factor indicating that this bone disorder is a multifactorial disorder that we term metabolic bone disease of infancy (MBDI). Maternal and infant VDD were common. When tested, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were often elevated, indicating metabolic bone disease.

Conclusions

Child abuse is sometimes incorrectly diagnosed in infants with MUF. Appreciation of the radiographic signs of MBDI (healing rickets), risk factors for MBDI and appropriate laboratory testing will improve diagnostic accuracy in these cases.
Asemic typography in kinetic design
Authors: Betancourt Michael
Published: October 2019

Asemic typography offers an opportunity to consider the distinction between typography in its traditional role for graphic design and how the addition of motion changes its engagement and audience comprehension for motion graphics. These differences enable a consideration of the specific problematics created by chronological development on-screen as a formal differentiator between static and kinetic typography.
Chemical constituents from Penianthus camerounensis Dekker (Menispermaceae)
Authors: Tabekoueng Georges Bellier , Mvot Akak Carine , Langat Moses K. , Azebaze Anatole Guy Blaise , Waffo Alain François Kamdem , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Vardamides Juliette Catherine
Published: October 2019

The phytochemical study of the roots, leaves and twigs of Penianthus camerounensis Dekker (Menispermaceae) has led to the isolation and the characterization of 20 compounds. A ceramide, camerounamide (1), and a furoclerodanediterpenoid, camerounin (2), have not been described previously, while the compounds xylopic acid (3), syringaresinol (4), iso-propylmethylcyclohexa-1,4-diol (5), 1-(28-hydroxyoctacosanoyl)glycerol (6), scoparone (7), friedelin (8), friedelanol (9) and betulinic acid (10) are being reported for the first time from the genus Penianthus alongside 10 known compounds (11–20). Chemical structures were determined using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, MS and chemical analysis. Their chemotaxonomic importance is discussed.
Magnesium Ferrite (MgFe2O4) Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Antibiotics Degradation
Authors: Becker Anna , Kirchberg Kristin , Marschall Roland
Published: October 2019

Removal of drug residuals in waste water by easy-separable catalysts is of fundamental interest for clean water provision by photocatalytic water remediation. Here, we present our studies to use the ferrimagnetic earth-abundant absorber MgFe2O4, prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis, for the photocatalytic removal of methylene blue and tetracycline from model solutions under dark and sunlight conditions. The surface of MgFe2O4 has a strong influence on the tetracycline removal, while more than 75% tetracycline degradation can already be achieved in 2 h with unmodified MgFe2O4. Using surface-modified MgFe2O4 nanoparticles, the adsorption of tetracycline is even more pronounced, however goes in line with release of the surface capping agent.
Differential Adaptation in Azimuth and Elevation to Acute Monaural Spatial Hearing after Training with Visual Feedback
Authors: Zonooz Bahram , Van Opstal A. John
Published: October 2019

Sound localization in the horizontal plane (azimuth) relies mainly on binaural difference cues in sound level and arrival time. Blocking one ear will perturb these cues, and may strongly affect azimuth performance of the listener. However, single-sided deaf listeners, as well as acutely single-sided plugged normal-hearing subjects, often use a combination of (ambiguous) monaural head-shadow cues, impoverished binaural level-difference cues, and (veridical, but limited) pinna- and head-related spectral cues to estimate source azimuth. To what extent listeners can adjust the relative contributions of these different cues is unknown, as the mechanisms underlying adaptive processes to acute monauralization are still unclear. By providing visual feedback during a brief training session with a high-pass (HP) filtered sound at a fixed sound level, we investigated the ability of listeners to adapt to their erroneous sound-localization percepts. We show that acutely plugged listeners rapidly adjusted the relative contributions of perceived sound level, and the spectral and distorted binaural cues, to improve their localization performance in azimuth also for different sound levels and locations than those experienced during training. Interestingly, our results also show that this acute cue-reweighting led to poorer localization performance in elevation, which was in line with the acoustic–spatial information provided during training. We conclude that the human auditory system rapidly readjusts the weighting of all relevant localization cues, to adequately respond to the demands of the current acoustic environment, even if the adjustments may hamper veridical localization performance in the real world.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Are all GLP-1 agonists equal in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Nauck Michael A , Meier Juris J
Published: October 2019

GLP-1, a peptide hormone secreted from the gut, stimulating insulin and suppressing glucagon secretion was identified as a parent compound for novel treatments of diabetes, but was degraded (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) and eliminated (mainly by kidneys) too fast (half-life 1–2 min) to be useful as a therapeutic agent. GLP-1 receptor agonist has been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes since 2007, when exenatide (twice daily) was approved in 2007. Compounds with longer duration of action (once daily, once weekly) and with increasingly better efficacy with respect to glycaemic control and body weight reduction have been developed, and in a recent ADA/EASD consensus statement, were recommended as the first injectable diabetes therapy after failure of oral glucose-lowering medications. Most GLP-1 receptor agonists (lixisenatide q.d., liraglutide q.d., exenatide q.w., dulaglutide q.w., albiglutide q.w., semaglutide q.w., all for s.c. injection, and the first oral preparation, oral semaglutide) have been examined in cardiovascular outcomes studies. Beyond proving their safety in vulnerable patients, most of whom had pre-existing heart disease, liraglutide, semaglutide, albiglutide, and dulaglutide reduced the time to first major adverse cardiovascular events (non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke, cardiovascular death). Liraglutide, in addition, reduced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. It is the purpose of the present review to describe clinically important differences, regarding pharmacokinetic behaviour, glucose-lowering potency, effectiveness of reducing body weight and controlling other cardiovascular risk factors, and of the influence of GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in patients either presenting with or without pre-existing cardiovascular disease (atherosclerotic, ischemic or congestive heart failure).
Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte Sostenible (DOTS). Una prospectiva para Colombia
Authors: Quintero González Julián Rodrigo
Published: October 2019

De la relación territorio-transporte surge el concepto de Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte (DOT) como un modelo de planeación urbana y territorial en torno a los sistemas de transporte. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto formular las estrategias de un Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte Sostenible (DOTS) para Colombia. La metodología toma como punto de partida la valoración de las políticas públicas con relación a los sistemas de transporte urbano alternativo en el país y utiliza como base los postulados internacionales para el establecimiento de las áreas en las que debe desplegarse el DOTS. Los resultados plantean como áreas estratégicas a la política pública, el territorio y el ambiente, la movilidad y la accesibilidad urbanas, el urbanismo, la economía y la sociedad. Se concluye que la capacidad de transformación urbana que posee el transporte trasciende a la planeación e implementación del DOTS, para lo cual se requiere de políticas públicas integrales.
Dispersão e mobilidade urbana no Brasil: estudo de um aglomerado urbano
Authors: Cordovil Fabíola Castelo de Souza , Barbosa Leonardo Cassimiro
Published: October 2019

Analisamos as tendências da cidade contemporânea, de expansão e dispersão aliadas à mobilidade urbana, em um aglomerado urbano brasileiro, localizado no noroeste do Paraná, Brasil. Abordamos conceitos de cidade difusa, de dispersão e de fragmentação urbana refletindo sobre as tendências de conformação regional e o papel da mobilidade urbana. Para tanto, investigamos a história da formação do território, analisamos mapeamentos de uso do solo, os eixos regionais e dados de população, de frota e de deslocamento populacional. Observamos que o município polo concentra as atividades econômicas e os movimentos pendulares, cada vez mais dependentes do transporte individual de passageiros. Com a instalação de grandes polos de atração em áreas periféricas, a partir de fluxos regionais que produzem novas centralidades, percebe-se a tendência de abandono do forte caráter polarizador para relações de fluxos mais horizontais.
Energy use pattern and greenhouse gas emission in systems for greenhouse vegetable production
Authors: Nourani A. , Bencheikh A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Algeria has experienced a notable agricultural development driven by a prosperity in market gardening in plastic greenhouses due of the favorable climatic conditions and the government’s policy. For that, a survey has been conducted in order to determine the energy use pattern for greenhouse vegetable production, also to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission for this system of production in Biskra province, Algeria. The results revealed that the total energy required for vegetable protected production is 119.68 GJ per hectare where the infrastructure was the highest energy consumer followed by the electricity and fertilizers with a share of 22%, 20% and 19%, respectively. The energy use efficiency (energy ratio) was calculated as 0.82, showing the inefficiency use of energy in the protected vegetable production. The inputs of farmyard manure, followed by infrastructure and electricity in greenhouse vegetable production generated the highest proportion of gas emissions with values 35%, 33% and 23%, respectively. According to these results, management of electricity and diesel fuel consumption are possible using solar energy to decrease total GHG emission in greenhouse vegetable production in Biskra province.
Survival of the fittest: the choice between local and imported rice consumption in Delta central agricultural zone, Delta state, Nigeria
Authors: Gbigbi T.M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This study analyzes the determinants of rice consumption preference for local or imported type in Delta State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify the socio-economic characteristics of rice consumers, ascertain the forms rice is prepared and consumed by respondents, examine the factors influencing rice consumption preference, and identify reasons for household’s preference for local or imported rice consumption in the study area. Primary data were collected from households using a structured questionnaire. The multistage procedure was used to select 200 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. The result revealed that 69% of female were more involved in rice consumption preference than their male counterparts. The mean age was 42 years and the respondents can read and write. About 56.4% were married and the average household size was seven persons. The average monthly income of respondents was N 22372.50 (62.84 USD). The results also show that 44% of households preferred their rice being consumed as white rice and stew. The major reasons for the choice in rice type were because of its availability, cleanliness, taste and swelling capacity. The factors that influence rice consumption pattern were gender, age, price per kg of rice, household size, educational level and income level. It is recommended that the farmers should be encouraged to process their grains in a manner that they will be clean.
Gender analysis of educational inequality among rural children of school-age in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde R.O. , Omoniwa A.E. , Ukemenam M.N.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Educational inequality has been accepted widely as an indicator of wellbeing. However, in most developing countries, very little attention has been paid to it. This article examined the gender differences in educational inequality among rural children of school-age in Kwara state, Nigeria. Using a three-stage random sampling technique, 200 rural households were sampled for data collection. Analytical tools used are descriptive statistics, the Gini-coefficient and the Ordinary Least Square regression analysis. The result of the analysis showed educational inequality for boys and girls was 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. Educational inequality among children of school-age was significantly determined by the age of household heads, education status of the household heads, marital status, main occupation of the household head, household size, dependency ratio, farm size, cost of schooling, average time spent by children in farm work and asset-base of the households. It was therefore recommended that strategies that will promote mothers’ education be put in place as well as the provision of accessible credit schemes. This can help in the hiring of labour for farm and non-farm businesses thereby increasing production, while providing the household with more funds to enroll their children in schools.
Revisiting Counting Solutions for the Global Cardinality Constraint
Authors: Lo Bianco Giovanni , Lorca Xavier , Truchet Charlotte , Pesant Gilles
Published: October 2019

Counting solutions for a combinatorial problem has been identified as an important concern within the Artificial Intelligence field. It is indeed very helpful when exploring the structure of the solution space. In this context, this paper revisits the computation process to count solutions for the global cardinality constraint in the context of counting-based search. It first highlights an error and then presents a way to correct the upper bound on the number of solutions for this constraint.
Succession process and spatial expansion of old urban central zones: Shanghai, China
Authors: Yang Junyan , Shi Beixiang , Shi Yi
Published: October 2019

As the size and population of a city continue to increase, the old urban central zone undergoes constant spatial expansion and structural evolution, which show different characteristics and corresponding patterns in different stages. However, how does this process happen, what factors affect it and what characteristics does it have in different stages? These problems are related to the mechanism of urban spatial growth and succession. This study focuses on the old urban central zone called People's Square Central Zone of Shanghai, China as a case study to examine the succession process from its formation up to now. This paper defines the boundary of the urban central area and hard cores (display central business characteristics in its purest form) in different periods through the Public Service Facility Index Method (defining the boundaries of the central area with the intensity of public service facilities), and makes a comparative study of its spatial structure. The old urban central zone evolved from a single-core expansion to circle-core differentiation and then multi-core development and its structural changes were theoretically reconstructed, while also analysing its typical spatial expansion patterns. Understanding the rules and characteristics of the succession process can be useful for future renovations of old urban central zones.
Erken evre uterin serviks kanserli hastalarda pelvik ve paraaortik lenf nodu metastazlarının saptanmasında 18F-FDG PET / BT'nin tanısal değerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: TAŞ Mustafa , YAVUZ Adem , KAYA Eser , ÖZÇELİK Bülent
Published: October 2019

ÖZET

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, erken evre
uterin serviks kanserli hastalarda pelvik ve paraaortik lenf nodu
metastazlarının saptanmasında 18F-florodeoksiglukoz Pozitron Emisyon
tomografisi / Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (PET/BT) 'nin tanısal değerini
belirlemekti.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Radikal histerektomi ve sistemik
pelvik ve paraaortik lenf nodu diseksiyonu öncesi PET/BT görüntülemesi yapılan
erken evre uterin serviks kanserli 18 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Lenf
nodlarının histopatolojik değerlendirmesi tanısal standart olarak kabul edildi
ve PET/BT bulguları histopatolojik bulgularla karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: 18 hastadan
toplam 807 (577 pelvik - 230 paraaortik) lenf nodu örneklendi ve histopatolojik
incelemede 5 (% 28) hastada 10 (%1,2) nod (8 pelvik - 2 paraaortik) pozitif
bulundu. Genel nod bazlı PET/BT'nin duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif prediktif
değer (PPV), negatif prediktif değer (NPV) ve doğruluğu sırasıyla % 10 (1/10),
% 100 (797/797), %100 (1/1) % 99 (797/806) ve % 99 (798/807) idi.

Genel
hasta bazlı PET/BT'nin duyarlılık, özgüllük, PPV, NPV ve doğruluğu sırasıyla
%20 (1/5), %100 (13/13), % 100 (1/1), % 76 (13/17),  %78 (14/18) idi.

Sonuç: Erken evre uterin serviks
kanserli hastaların yönetiminde, mikrometastatik lenf nodu olan hastaların PET
/ BT'de yanlış negatif olarak rapor edilebileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken
evre uterin serviks kanseri; preoperatif 
FDG PET/BT; pelvik ve paraaortik lenf nodu metastazı.