bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraneural Injection of ATP Stimulates Regeneration of Primary Sensory Axons in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Wu Dongsheng , Lee Sena , Luo Juan , Xia Haijian , Gushchina Svetlana , Richardson Peter M. , Yeh John , Krügel Ute , Franke Heike , Zhang Yi , Bo Xuenong
Published: December 2017

Injury to the peripheral axons of sensory neurons strongly enhances the regeneration of their central axons in the spinal cord. It remains unclear on what molecules that initiate such conditioning effect. Because ATP is released extracellularly by nerve and other tissue injury, we hypothesize that injection of ATP into a peripheral nerve might mimic the stimulatory effect of nerve injury on the regenerative state of the primary sensory neurons. We found that a single injection of 6 μl of 150 μmATP into female rat sciatic nerve quadrupled the number of axons growing into a lesion epicenter in spinal cord after a concomitant dorsal column transection. A second boost ATP injection 1 week after the first one markedly reinforced the stimulatory effect of a single injection. Single ATP injection increased expression of phospho-STAT3 and GAP43, two markers of regenerative activity, in sensory neurons. Double ATP injections sustained the activation of phospho-STAT3 and GAP43, which may account for the marked axonal growth across the lesion epicenter. Similar studies performed on P2X7 or P2Y2 receptor knock-out mice indicate P2Y2 receptors are involved in the activation of STAT3 after ATP injection or conditioning lesion, whereas P2X7 receptors are not. Injection of ATP at 150 μmcaused little Wallerian degeneration and behavioral tests showed no significant long-term adverse effects on sciatic nerve functions. The results in this study reveal possible mechanisms underlying the stimulation of regenerative programs and suggest a practical strategy for stimulating axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInjury of peripheral axons of sensory neurons has been known to strongly enhance the regeneration of their central axons in the spinal cord. In this study, we found that injection of ATP into a peripheral nerve can mimic the effect of peripheral nerve injury and significantly increase the number of sensory axons growing across lesion epicenter in the spinal cord. ATP injection increased expression of several markers for regenerative activity in sensory neurons, including phospho-STAT3 and GAP43. ATP injection did not cause significant long-term adverse effects on the functions of the injected nerve. These results may lead to clinically applicable strategies for enhancing neuronal responses that support regeneration of injured axons.
Conditional Deletion of Hippocampal CA2/CA3a Oxytocin Receptors Impairs the Persistence of Long-Term Social Recognition Memory in Mice
Authors: Lin Yu-Ting , Hsieh Tsan-Yu , Tsai Tsung-Chih , Chen Chien-Chung , Huang Chiung-Chun , Hsu Kuei-Sen
Published: December 2017

Oxytocin (OXT) receptors (OXTRs) are prominently expressed in hippocampal CA2 and CA3 pyramidal neurons, but little is known about its physiological function. As the functional necessity of hippocampal CA2 for social memory processing, we tested whether CA2 OXTRs may contribute to long-term social recognition memory (SRM) formation. Here, we found that conditional deletion ofOxtrfrom forebrain (Oxtr−/−) or CA2/CA3a-restricted excitatory neurons in adult male mice impaired the persistence of long-term SRM but had no effect on sociability and preference for social novelty. Conditional deletion of CA2/CA3aOxtrshowed no changes in anxiety-like behavior assessed using the open-field, elevated plus maze and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. Application of a highly selective OXTR agonist [Thr4,Gly7]-OXT to hippocampal slices resulted in an acute and lasting potentiation of excitatory synaptic responses in CA2 pyramidal neurons that relied onN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity. In addition,Oxtr−/−mice displayed a defect in the induction of long-term potentiation, but not long-term depression, at the synapses between the entorhinal cortex and CA2 pyramidal neurons. Furthermore,Oxtrdeletion led to a reduced complexity of basal dendritic arbors of CA2 pyramidal neurons, but caused no alteration in the density of apical dendritic spines. Considering that the methodologies we have used to deleteOxtrdo not rule out targeting the neighboring CA3a region, these findings suggest that OXTR signaling in the CA2/CA3a is crucial for the persistence of long-term SRM.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOxytocin receptors (OXTRs) are abundantly expressed in hippocampal CA2 and CA3 regions, but there are little known about their physiological function. Taking advantage of the conditionalOxtrknock-out mice, the present study highlights the importance of OXTR signaling in the induction of long-term potentiation at the synapses between the entorhinal cortex and CA2 pyramidal neurons and the persistence of long-term social recognition memory. Thus, OXTRs in the CA2/CA3a may provide a new target for therapeutic approaches to the treatment of social cognition deficits, which are often observed in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Proliferating NG2-Cell-Dependent Angiogenesis and Scar Formation Alter Axon Growth and Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
Authors: Hesp Zoe C. , Yoseph Rim Y. , Suzuki Ryusuke , Jukkola Peter , Wilson Claire , Nishiyama Akiko , McTigue Dana M.
Published: December 2017

Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a centralized fibrotic scar surrounded by a reactive glial scar at the lesion site. The origin of these scars is thought to be perivascular cells entering lesions on ingrowing blood vessels and reactive astrocytes, respectively. However, two NG2-expressing cell populations, pericytes and glia, may also influence scar formation. In the periphery, new blood vessel growth requires proliferating NG2+pericytes; if this were also true in the CNS, then the fibrotic scar would depend on dividing NG2+pericytes. NG2+glial cells (also called oligodendrocyte progenitors or polydendrocytes) also proliferate after SCI and accumulate in large numbers among astrocytes in the glial scar. Their effect there, if any, is unknown. We show that proliferating NG2+pericytes and glia largely segregate into the fibrotic and glial scars, respectively; therefore, we used a thymidine kinase/ganciclovir paradigm to ablate both dividing NG2+cell populations to determine whether either scar was altered. Results reveal that loss of proliferating NG2+pericytes in the lesion prevented intralesion angiogenesis and completely abolished the fibrotic scar. The glial scar was also altered in the absence of acutely dividing NG2+cells, displaying discontinuous borders and significantly reduced GFAP density. Collectively, these changes enhanced edema, prolonged hemorrhage, and impaired forelimb functional recovery. Interestingly, after halting GCV at 14 d postinjury, scar elements and vessels entered the lesions over the next 7 d, as did large numbers of axons that were not present in controls. Collectively, these data reveal that acutely dividing NG2+pericytes and glia play fundamental roles in post-SCI tissue remodeling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by formation of astrocytic and fibrotic scars, both of which are necessary for lesion repair. NG2+cells may influence both scar-forming processes. This study used a novel transgenic mouse paradigm to ablate proliferating NG2+cells after SCI to better understand their role in repair. For the first time, our data show that dividing NG2+pericytes are required for post-SCI angiogenesis, which in turn is needed for fibrotic scar formation. Moreover, loss of cycling NG2+glia and pericytes caused significant multicellular tissue changes, including altered astrocyte responses and impaired functional recovery. This work reveals previously unknown ways in which proliferating NG2+cells contribute to endogenous repair after SCI.
The Hidden Genomic and Transcriptomic Plasticity of Giant Marker Chromosomes in Cancer
Authors: Macchia Gemma , Severgnini Marco , Purgato Stefania , Tolomeo Doron , Casciaro Hilen , Cifola Ingrid , L’Abbate Alberto , Loverro Anna , Palumbo Orazio , Carella Massimo , Bianchini Laurence , Perini Giovanni , De Bellis Gianluca , Mertens Fredrik , Rocchi Mariano , Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana
Published: December 2017

Neocentromeres contribute to cancer progression by mitotically stabilizing acentric chromosomes containing amplified oncogenes. Macchia et al. show that...

Genome amplification in the form of rings or giant rod-shaped marker chromosomes (RGMs) is a common genetic alteration in soft tissue tumors. The mitotic stability of these structures is often rescued by perfectly functioning analphoid neocentromeres, which therefore significantly contribute to cancer progression. Here, we disentangled the genomic architecture of many neocentromeres stabilizing marker chromosomes in well-differentiated liposarcoma and lung sarcomatoid carcinoma samples. In cells carrying heavily rearranged RGMs, these structures were assembled as patchworks of multiple short amplified sequences, disclosing an extremely high level of complexity and definitely ruling out the existence of regions prone to neocentromere seeding. Moreover, by studying two well-differentiated liposarcoma samples derived from the onset and the recurrence of the same tumor, we documented an expansion of the neocentromeric domain that occurred during tumor progression, which reflects a strong selective pressure acting toward the improvement of the neocentromeric functionality in cancer. In lung sarcomatoid carcinoma cells we documented, extensive “centromere sliding” phenomena giving rise to multiple, closely mapping neocentromeric epialleles on separate coexisting markers occur, likely due to the instability of neocentromeres arising in cancer cells. Finally, by investigating the transcriptional activity of neocentromeres, we came across a burst of chimeric transcripts, both by extremely complex genomic rearrangements, and cis/trans-splicing events. Post-transcriptional editing events have been reported to expand and variegate the genetic repertoire of higher eukaryotes, so they might have a determining role in cancer. The increased incidence of fusion transcripts, might act as a driving force for the genomic amplification process, together with the increased transcription of oncogenes.
Epidemiology, incidence and mortality of oral cavity and lips cancer and their relationship with the human development index in the world
Authors: Siakholak Fariba Ramezani , Ghoncheh Mahshid , Pakzad Reza , Gandomani Hamidreza Sadeghi , Ghorat Fereshteh , Salehiniya Hamid
Published: December 2017

Introduction: According to the importance of knowledge about incidence and mortality of oral cavity and lip cancer in health planning, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the incidence and mortality rate of oral cavity and lip cancer and its relation with the Human Development Index in the world in 2012.

Methods: The study was conducted based on data from the world data of cancer and the World Bank (including the HDI and its components). Data about the age-specific incidence and mortality rate (ASR) for every country in 2012 were getting from the global cancer project. To analyze data, correlation tests between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components were employed with a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software.

Results: In 2012, 300373 cases of oral cavity and lip cancer and 145353 cases of death from it have occurred in the world. A positive correlation of 0.221 was seen between the standardized incidence rate of oral cavity and lip cancer and HDI but this correlation was not statistically significant (p=0.114). On the other side, a correlation of 0.295 was seen between the standardized mortality rate of oral cavity and lip cancer with HDI that this correlation was statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The incidence and mortality of oral cavity cancer is high in the Asian countries especially south eastern of Asia. Performing preventive plans in high incidence and mortality rate regions and also obtaining etiological studies in these regions is recommended for diagnosing the causes of high incidence and mortality rates.
Lactobacillus reuteri to Treat Infant Colic: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Sung Valerie , D’Amico Frank , Cabana Michael D. , Chau Kim , Koren Gideon , Savino Francesco , Szajewska Hania , Deshpande Girish , Dupont Christophe , Indrio Flavia , Mentula Silja , Partty Anna , Tancredi Daniel
Published: December 2017

CONTEXT:

Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 has shown promise in managing colic, but conflicting study results have prevented a consensus on whether it is truly effective.

OBJECTIVE:

Through an individual participant data meta-analysis, we sought to definitively determine if L reuteri DSM17938 effectively reduces crying and/or fussing time in infants with colic and whether effects vary by feeding type.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched online databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Cochrane), e-abstracts, and clinical trial registries.

STUDY SELECTION:

These were double-blind randomized controlled trials (published by June 2017) of L reuteri DSM17398 versus a placebo, delivered orally to infants with colic, with outcomes of infant crying and/or fussing duration and treatment success at 21 days.

DATA EXTRACTION:

We collected individual participant raw data from included studies modeled simultaneously in multilevel generalized linear mixed-effects regression models.

RESULTS:

Four double-blind trials involving 345 infants with colic (174 probiotic and 171 placebo) were included. The probiotic group averaged less crying and/or fussing time than the placebo group at all time points (day 21 adjusted mean difference in change from baseline [minutes] −25.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): −47.3 to −3.5]). The probiotic group was almost twice as likely as the placebo group to experience treatment success at all time points (day 21 adjusted incidence ratio 1.7 [95% CI: 1.4 to 2.2]). Intervention effects were dramatic in breastfed infants (number needed to treat for day 21 success 2.6 [95% CI: 2.0 to 3.6]) but were insignificant in formula-fed infants.

LIMITATIONS:

There were insufficient data to make conclusions for formula-fed infants with colic.

CONCLUSIONS:

L reuteri DSM17938 is effective and can be recommended for breastfed infants with colic. Its role in formula-fed infants with colic needs further research.
The influence of aging on the effectiveness of heat stress in preventing disuse muscle atrophy
Authors: Kataoka H , Nakano J , Kondo Y , Honda Y , Sakamoto J , Origuchi T , Okita M
Published: December 2017

This study examined the aging effect on disuse muscle atrophy prevention using heat stress. Wistar rats aged 7 and 60 weeks were divided into three groups as follows: control, immobilized (Im), and immobilized and heat stressed (ImH). Heat stress was given by immersing the hindlimbs in hot water (42 °C) for 60 min, once in every 3 days and the gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles were extracted after 14 days. Muscle-fiber types were classified using ATPase staining. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was assessed through Western blotting. In GAS muscle of both groups and SOL muscle of 7-week-old rats, the fiber diameter of each muscle type in the ImH group significantly increased compared with that in the Im group. However, this could not be observed in the SOL muscle of the 60-week-old rats. The increased percentage of type-I fibers and variability of types I and II muscle-fiber diameter were evident in the SOL muscle of the 60-week rats. HSP70 was significantly elevated in the ImH group compared with in the Im group in both muscle types of both age groups. Thus, effectiveness of heat stress in the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy appears unsatisfactory in aging muscle fibers.
The effect of nasal provocation with a single-dose allergen on the physical and cognitive performance of patients with ragweed allergy
Authors: Tokodi M , Csábi E , Kiricsi Á , Kollár E , Molnár AH , Rovó L , Bella Z
Published: December 2017

Purpose

This study aims to compare the impact of active allergic rhinitis on physical and cognitive abilities of trained allergic athletes to untrained allergic patients.

Methods

Cognitive, respiratory, and fitness functions were assessed before and after allergen exposure. Participants in both groups were provoked intranasally with ragweed allergen.

Results

The group of athletes revealed significantly higher average values in peak inspiratory flow and fitness index before and after provocation. In neuropsychological assessments, athletes performed significantly better after allergen provocation in complex working memory capacity. Due to single acute allergen exposure, the size of the nasal cavity and nasal inspiratory peak flow significantly decreased in both groups. The physical performance of both groups did not change after provocation. Executive functions and complex working memory capacity of athletes significantly improved resulting from provocation.

Conclusions

A single-shot allergen in high dose might cause an increase in mental concentration, which was more pronounced in the group of athletes. This study indicates that acute exposure to allergen cannot affect the physical performance and may result in increased mental focus in patients with allergy notwithstanding the declining respiratory functions.
Environmental enrichment improved cognitive deficits more in peri-adolescent than in adult rats after postnatal monosodium glutamate treatment
Authors: Madhavadas S , Subramanian S , Kutty BM
Published: December 2017

Exposure to enriched environment (EE) is known to promote sensory, cognitive, and motor stimulation with intensified levels of novelty and complexity. In this study, we investigated the positive regulatory effect of short-term exposure to EE on establishing functional recovery in monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obese rats. Unless treated, MSG rats exhibited peripheral insulin resistance, cognitive deficits, and a reduction in the total hippocampal volume with decreased neuron count in the DG, CA3, and CA1 subfields. These MSG rats were exposed to short-term EE for 15 days for a period of 6 h/day, beginning either at 45 or at 75 days of age. EE exposure has improved insulin sensitivity, yielded a significant increase in total hippocampal volume along with increase in neuron number in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus in both age groups. However, as assessed by radial arm maze task, which relies upon the positive reinforcement to test spatial memory, and the Barnes maze task, which utilizes an aversive learning strategy, a complete recovery of cognitive function could be achieved in 2-month-old rats only and not among 3-month-old rats, thus highlighting the importance of critical window period for EE interventions in restoring the memory functions. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of EE paradigm in prevention of cognitive disorders.
«Отелло» Сергея Юткевича в контексте мировой киношекспирианы
Authors: Гайдин Борис Николаевич
Published: December 2017

Статья посвящена первой цветной экранизации «Отелло» У. Шекспира в мире — одноименного фильма режиссера С. И. Юткевича (1955). Автор предлагает свою версию того, почему работа советского режиссера не так часто попадает в поле исследований западных шекспироведов и киноведов в отличие от «Гамлета» и «Короля Лира» Г. М. Козинцева.

Статья подготовлена на основе доклада автора на круглом столе «Шекспир на советском экране» в рамках IX конференции Европейской шекспировской исследовательской ассоциации «Шекспир и европейские театральные культуры: (ан)атомизация текста и сцены» (Shakespeare and European Theatrical Cultures: AnAtomizing Text and Stage; 27–30 июля 2017 г., Гданьск, Польша).
Основные направления развития законодательства России о долевом участии в строительстве
Authors: Красавцева Наталия Георгиевна
Published: December 2017

Статья посвящена анализу основных направлений развития российского законодательства о долевом участии в строительстве. В сложившейся социально-экономической ситуации, при которой наблюдается снижение реальных доходов населения, представляется в основном неблагоприятный сценарий развития данного направления рынка строительства жилья.
XIV Международная научная конференция «Высшее образование для XXI века: проблемы воспитания»
Authors: Ламажаа Чимиза Кудер-ооловна
Published: December 2017

В статье представлен обзор работы XIV Международной научной конференции «Высшее образование для XXI века: проблемы воспитания», которая прошла 14-16 декабря 2017 г. в Московском гуманитарном университете. Представлены основные тезисы докладов пленарного заседания конференции, основные сведения о научном форуме.
Организационно-методическое и информационное сопровождение процесса преподавания прикладных экономических дисциплин в образовательных организациях высшего и среднего профессионального образования
Authors: Косорученко Татьяна Викторовна
Published: December 2017

В статье рассматриваются вопросы организационно-методического и информационного сопровождения процесса преподавания прикладных экономических дисциплин в свете изменений законодательства России об образовании, а также необходимости применения новых образовательных технологий.
Учебная экскурсия как современная форма интерактивного занятия
Authors: Воронина Алла Валентиновна , Маранян Мария Сергеевна
Published: December 2017

В статье рассмотрена реализация внеурочной деятельности в колледже МосГУ студентами 3 курса специальности «Туризм», разобраны современные формы интерактивного занятия на примере учебной экскурсии в виде ролевой и деловой игры в г. Коломну, описан процесс учебной экскурсии, которую подготовили студенты при помощи преподавателей, проанализирована проведенная совместная работа.
«Тридцать лет и три года»: о хронологии раннего славянского историописания
Authors: Алексеев Сергей Викторович
Published: December 2017

В статье рассматривается вопрос о происхождении хронологии ранних славянских исторических сочинений: «Болгарской апокрифической летописи», первых русских летописей, «Летописи попа Дуклянина». Показывается как «подражательный» характер хронологических схем ранней истории по отношению к библейской и византийской хроникальной традиции, так и тесная их связь с фольклорными числовыми формулами. В связи с этим указывается на крайнюю условность конкретных дат, в том числе содержащихся в русском летописании.
Столыпинское дежавю генерала Врангеля
Authors: Алешкин Петр Федорович , Васильев Юрий Альбертович
Published: December 2017

В статье указывается, что последний Верховный правитель белого движения генерал П. Н. Врангель подвергал резкой критике просчеты А.В. Колчака и А.И. Деникина в отношении аграрной реформы. Врангель предпринял попытку решительного поворота в решении земельного вопроса с целью привлечения на свою сторону крестьянства, преимущественно средних и зажиточных слоев.

Программа Врангеля, походившая на столыпинскую, была направлена на преодоление отжившего помещичьего землевладения и создание условий для развития капиталистических отношений в деревне. Утверждается, что одновременно земельная реформа Врангеля являлась симбиозом столыпинской реформы и преобразований Александра II.    
Acute necrotizing gastritis with gangrenous stomach
Authors: Prajapati Devendra K. , Rampal Kapil , Prajapati Jyoti M.
Published: December 2017

Acute necrotizing gastritis with gangrene of the stomach wall is a rarely encountered condition. This often a fatal condition if is attributed to vascular occlusion, chemical and mechanical injuries or infectious etiologies. We review the available literature with a case of acute necrotising gastritis with unknown etiology. Case was managed successfully with emergency partial gastrectomy.
Challenge and management outcome of panfacial fractures in Sohag University hospital, Egypt
Authors: Abdelrahman Tarek Elsayed Ftohy , Abdelmaaboud Ahmed , Hamody Ahmed
Published: December 2017

Background: panfacial fractures resembles a therapeutic challenge to maxillofacial surgeons This study was carried out to determine the etiology, injury characteristics and management outcome of pan facial fractures at Sohag university hospital.Methods: A retrospective hospital based study of panfacial fractures patients was carried out at Sohag university hospital from January 2010 to December 2016. Data was collected and analyzed using SPPS.Results: 200 Panfacial Trauma Patients were analysed. Males to females by a ratio of 24:1. Their ages ranged from 13 to 63 years with a mean of 30±12 years Most injuries were due to road traffic accidents (78%), and by falling from height in 12%. Mandibular fractures were the most common type of injuries. Open reduction and internal fixation by using plates and screws was the commonest surgical technique, used in 97.8% of cases. The most common complications were limited mouth opening, malocclusion. The mean duration of hospital stay was 11.13±2.23 days.Conclusions: Road traffic accident (RTC) was the most common cause of panfacial injuries in our locality and the young adult males were the most commonly affected victims. The majority of maxillofacial fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation.
Clinical study of surgical jaundice: an institutional experience
Authors: Padhy Biren , Murmu Dasarathi , Samal Debasish , Jha Sonal
Published: December 2017

Background: Patients with surgical jaundice need quick and precise diagnosis for the presence of an obstruction in the biliary tract, to establish the level and nature of the lesion. The importance of history and clinical examination in arriving at a correct pre-operative diagnosis needs to be emphasized. Present study attempts to determine the various causes, age and sex pattern in extra hepatic obstructive jaundice.Methods: 100 patients with surgical jaundice were studied at IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India during the period from September 2015 to September 2017 who were diagnosed by investigation like ultrasonography and liver function test.Results: 76% of patients were between the age group of 50-80 years, there was a slight male predominance in 53.33%, malignant cause for surgical jaundice constituted in 66.67% with carcinoma head of pancreas the commonest cause in 33.33%, benign cause for surgical jaundice constituted in 33.33%, with choledocholithiasis the commonest cause in 23.33%.Conclusions: Most common age group seen in surgical jaundice was between 50-80 years. The sex ratio is near equalizing. Most common cause of surgical jaundice was carcinoma head of pancreas and choledocholithiasis.
Benign liver tumors in children-single centre experience
Authors: Gontumukkala Chalapathi , Teja Ravi , G. Rajeev Kumar , J. Veera Swamy
Published: December 2017

Background: To assess the incidence and management of benign liver tumors.Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who were admitted with benign liver tumors in a Medical College Hospital in southern part of India during the period of 2006 to 2016 were analyzed.Results: We have treated a total of 10 cases of benign liver tumors during the period of 2006 to 2016. The mean age of presentation was 2.1 year. Seven of the ten cases were haemangiomas, two babies had mesenchymal hamartomas, one had focal nodular hyperplasia. Of the seven babies with haemangiomas, four had focal, two had diffuse involvement of liver, one baby had giant haemangioma. Three of the 4 babies with focal haemangiomas regressed during follow up, one baby lost follow up. One of the two babies with diffuse haemangioma developed high output cardiac failure but responded to digoxin, diuretics and steroids and now under follow up. The new born baby with giant haemangioma involving left lobe of liver also had high output heart failure which was refractory to medical therapy and required left lobectomy. Two babies had large mesenchymal hamartomas involving right lobe required surgical resection. One patient with focal nodular hyperplasia was managed conservatively. Mean follow up was 36 months. There were no deaths.Conclusions: Benign liver tumors are rare, most of them are haemangiomas. Only few of them require surgery. Large mesenchymal hamartomas can be promptly treated by resection with minimal mortality.
Hospital based study to evaluate subclinical hypothyroidism in post-menopausal women
Authors: V. Shruthi Kamal , S. Rajesh , S. Reshma
Published: December 2017

Background: Very few studies have assessed prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in postmenopausal women. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in postmenopausal women.Methods: Hospital based cross - sectional study carried out at Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, during the period of August 2016 to October 2016. Seventy-five women in General Surgery ward/OPD were included in the study. Subjects included in the study were postmenopausal age group between 45 to 85 years, provided they fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. History was noted, serum Thyroid function test was done. Results were noted and analyzed.Results: Out of 75 subjects, 21.3% of postmenopausal women were having subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusions: Prevalence of Subclinical hypothyroidism is high among postmenopausal women, which leads to overt hypothyroidism. Therefore, routine screening and treatment of this condition is must among postmenopausal women to prevent complications of subclinical hypothyroidism.
Role of staple line fixation during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Elbalshy Mohammed A. , Fayed Asem M. , Abdelshahid Moharm A. , Alkhateep Yahia M.
Published: December 2017

Background: Although sleeve gastrectomy provides a technically simple procedure with minimal effect on digestive tract it deprives the stomach of its ligaments of fixation which results in impairment of gastric functions, vomiting, axial gastric rotation in addition to bleeding or leakage from the stable line. Objective of present study is the effect of stable line fixation during sleeve gastrectomy.Methods: This is a prospective randomized study using closed envelop method carried on 100 patients with morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) they were divided into two groups each is 50 patient group A underwent classic (LSG) with no fixation and group (B) with staple line fixation.Results: Patients were 68 females and 32 males with a mean age of 32.2±5.7 years, mean (BMI) 48.9±8.6kg/m2. postoperative vomiting, gastric axial rotation, impaired gastric emptying all were significantly higher in group A. Although both staple line bleeding and leakage were higher in the group A, but it was not statistically significant. Also, the operative time was shorter in the group A, but it was not significant.Conclusions: staple line fixation should be a step during sleeve gastrectomy as it regains the stomach its ligaments of fixation anatomically and so functions better less vomiting, less gastric axial rotation, better gastric emptying in addition to decreasing staple line bleeding and leakage with minimal effect on operative time.
Acute intestinal obstruction: small intestine vs. large intestine: an analysis
Authors: Sharma Latika , Srivastava Harshit , Pipal Dharmendra Kumar , Kothari Saurabh , Dhawan Rohit , Purohit Poojan M.
Published: December 2017

Background: Bowel obstruction is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen and also a common surgical emergency.The causes of IO vary significantly depending on geographical location. The aim of this study was to identify the etiology, clinical presentation, management and outcomes of patients with acute mechanical IO presenting in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Hospital and Mathura Das Mathur Hospital (associated with Dr. SN Medical College), Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 100 patients with acute intestinal obstruction were admitted and evaluated. Blood routine, X-Ray abdomen, USG abdomen and CECT (if required) were done. A pre-operative diagnosis was made. Intra-operative findings and Post-operative complications were noted and follow up was done till the patient was discharged from the hospital.Results: A total of 69 male and 31 female patients, presented with acute mechanical IO during the period of the study. Mean patient age was 48.5 years with peak incidence in those aged 31-45 years. The foremost signs and symptoms were abdominal distension (88%), obstipation (87%), abdominal pain (81%) and nausea/ vomiting (47%). Adhesions and bands (29%), hernia (13%), neoplasm (9%) and pseudo-obstruction (8%) were the leading causes of intestinal obstruction. The sensitivity of X-ray and USG in present study was 67% and 75% respectively. Most common complication associated was wound infection (17%) followed by paralytic ileus (7%) and respiratory tract infections (6%). Late presentation was associated with poor prognosis. 4 patients expired before surgery. Post-operative mortality was associated with 6 patients and was more common in cases which presented with gangrenous bowel.Conclusions: The most common causes of IO in this study were adhesions and bands, hernia, neoplasm and pseudo-obstruction. Presence of bowel gangrene was associated with higher morbidity and mortality.
Prospective randomized comparative study of skin adhesive glue (2- methyl -2- cyanopropionate or cyanoacrylate) versus conventional skin suturing by suture material/skin stapler in clean surgical cases
Authors: Pawar Arjun A. , Joshi Mohan A. , Gadhire Meenakshi , Shotriya Raghav , Phad Bankat , Singh Jaskaran
Published: December 2017

Background: To compare cosmetic appearance of skin closure wound by three methods -sutures, staples and skin adhesive glue. Traditional skin closure using sutures causes more pain, infection, needs its removal, time consuming and leaves behind bad scar. Nowadays, good cosmetic appearance of operated site is appealing among patients. Surgeons are looking for faster, comfortable and cosmetically best technique for skin closure. Newer techniques need to be evaluated which are better than suture and staples. 2-octylcyanoacrylate is easier to use, flexible, water resistant, pain free sealed skin closure without its need for removal and has better cosmesis.Methods: This study is conducted from July 2010 to April 2013 in 90 patients at LTMG Hospital. Wounds of clean surgeries closed with suture material, skin staples and skin adhesive glue were studied in 30 patients each. Patients were randomized using standardized methods. Patients followed up over period of 28 days and their scars were assessed according to the modified Hollander cosmesis scale(MHCS) and cosmetic visual analogue scale(VAS). Patient allotment was done using random number table.Results: Mean MHCS score for skin adhesive group on day 7 was 4.83 which was significantly more than 3.90for suture and 3.97 for stapler. Mean VAS score for skin adhesive group on day 7 was 67.67 which was significantly more than 61.67 for suture and stapler each. Mean MHCS and VAS score for skin adhesive group on day 7, 14 and 28 were significantly more than suture and stapler groups.Conclusions: Octylcyanoacrylate can be used for skin closure in clean elective surgeries with better cosmetic outcome as compared to staples and sutures.
A comparative study of three-dimensional mesh (3D mesh) and polypropylene mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs in adults
Authors: Rashid Tajamul , Reshi Farooq Ahmad , Mir Iqbal Saleem , Bhat Suhail Nazir , Nazir Irfan , Viqar Sheikh , Hajini Mudasir Farooq , Akbar Aftab
Published: December 2017

Background: Polypropylene mesh gives risk of recurrence, owing to overall decrease in the size of mesh and increased subjective foreign body feeling from contracture and scarring. An anatomically contoured 3D mesh for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair often requires no fixation, with minimal risk of postoperative pain and recurrence rate.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study conducted over a period of 2.5 years. The study enrolled 60 patients, 30 patients in each group. The end points of the study were mesh fixation time, post-operative pain, seroma formation, hospital stay, chronic groin pain, sensory impairment, and cost and affordability. Follow up period was 18 months.Results: The mesh fixation time was less in 3D mesh, 10.6±4.31 minutes (p value- 0.0002). The incidence of severe immediate postoperative pain was higher in polypropylene mesh 10% (p value of 0.612). The postoperative seroma was less in 3D mesh, 3.3% (p value of 1.00). The mean hospital stay was shorter in 3D, 1.7±0.69 days (p value–0.005). Postoperative sensory impairment was more in polypropylene mesh, 6.6% (p value-1.00). The incidence of chronic groin pain was less in 3D (p value- 0.612). We found a higher recurrence rate at 18 months in both groups (p-value-1.00).Conclusions: The use of three-dimensional mesh for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is a safe and viable option. It offers many advantages in terms of less fixation time, shorter hospital stays, decreased chronic groin pain and morbidity. Elimination of tacks and shorter hospital stay may reduce the cost of 3D mesh.
Comparative evaluation of sublay versus onlay meshplasty in incisional and ventral hernias
Authors: Dhaigude B. D. , Sugunan Aneesh , Pancbhai S. V. , Francis Merry , Patel Keyur , Metta Vipul
Published: December 2017

Background: Hernia derived from the Latin word, is a protrusion of a viscus or part of a viscus through an abnormal opening in the walls of its containing cavity. Objectives of present study were to evaluate sublay Vs onlay meshplasty in incisional and ventral hernia and to compare and determine duration of operation and hospital stay, post-operative complications and recurrences.Methods: The study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, DPU University, for a period of 2 years (from July 2015 - September 2017) and is a prospective and comparative randomized type of study using 100 cases (Group A Onlay and Group B Sublay - 50 each). The study was approved by the Institute’s Ethics Committee.Results: 100 patients were operated in our study. In group B, the mean operative time [70.72±18.56], and in group A mean operative time (50.96±12.61). The duration of hospital stay was an of average 7.62±1.78 days in group B, and an average hospital stay of 8.84±1.89 in group A. Suture site infection was18%. group A (26%) and group B (12%). Seroma was seen in 5 patients, group A (8 %) and in group B (2%). Flap necrosis was 8% in group A and in 6% in group B. 10 patients had wound dehiscence, group A (14%) and group B (6%). 4 patients were reported with mesh infection (6%) in group A and (2%) in group B. Recurrence was 1% group A.Conclusions: Sublay meshplasty is good alternative to onlay meshplasty that may be applicable to all forms of ventral and incisional hernias. The mesh related complication rate and recurrence was found to be minimal.
A clinical study of free T3 in breast cancer and benign breast tumours
Authors: A.C. Senthil Kumar , S. Reshma
Published: December 2017

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of Free T3 in women with breast cancer or benign breast tumours, and to analyse a possible relationship between FT3 and these two groups of breast diseases with emphasis to laboratory findings.Methods: Free T3 levels of 87 women hospitalized were prospectively analyzed, using an Post hoc Tukey HSD for normally distributed continuous data, chi-square test for comparison.Results:There was no significant association of Free T3 levels in breast cancer and benign breast tumours.Conclusions: The association between free T3 and breast tumors was evaluated in this study. Free T3 values were not statistically significant in patients with breast cancer and benign breast tumors depicting there is no association of Free T3 and risk of breast carcinoma. However, these data must be confirmed in large patient cohorts and long duration follow-up.
Laparoscopic gastric plication: towards standardization
Authors: Monem Ibrahim Ahmed Abdel , Elgeidie Ahmed , Gadelhak Nabil
Published: December 2017

Background: Laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) is a restrictive bariatric procedure which was found to be safe, effective and economic as well. However, it hasn't a good reputation among some bariatric surgeons due to some reasons; the most important of them is lack of standardization.  Objective of the present stud was to study propose a standardized technique for LGP aiming at a better outcome.  Setting. Settings: University-affiliated hospital.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent LGP by the proposed technique., using seromuscular bites with non-absorbable thread, adoption of the four-bite technique, and calibration using bougie.Results: Eighty-eight consecutive morbidly obese patients had been operated by the proposed standardized technique of LGP between March 2010 and September 2014. There were 19 men and 69 women, with a mean age of 30.3 years and a mean BMI of 36.7kg/m2 (range 32-51kg/m2). The most frequently reported complication was prolonged early postoperative nausea/vomiting occurred in 5 of 88 (5.7%) patients. Weight regain was reported in one patient who was treated with conversion of LGP to laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass. Hospital stay was prolonged for a mean of 6.0 (3 -10 days). Postoperative follow-up period ranged from 2 to 38 months with a mean of 15 months. Percentage of excess weight loss was 38.2%, 52.0%, and 63.1% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively.Conclusions: The proposed technique of LGP would help in standardization of the procedure in order to improve the outcome; however, the clinical application of this proposed standardized technique should be tested by future studies.
Post-operative wound complications following emergency and elective abdominal surgeries
Authors: Dhaigude B. D. , Shree Shilpi , Shah Priti , Francis Merry , Patel Keyur , Metta Vipul
Published: December 2017

Background: The post-operative wound complications can be defined as any negative outcome as perceived either by the surgeon or by the patient. Objectives were to study the early and late post-operative wound complication of patients undergoing emergency and elective abdominal surgery, to find out and compare the incidence of post-operative wound complications following emergency and elective abdominal surgery and to find out and compare the factors associated with wound complications following elective and emergency abdominal surgery.Methods: The study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, DPU University, for a period of 2 years (from July 2015-September 2017) and is a prospective type of study using 100 cases (Group A: Elective and Group B: Emergency abdominal surgeries –50 each). The study was approved by the Institute’s Ethics Committee.Results: 100 patients were operated in our study. The type of collection from surgical site was seropurulent in 4 (8%) patients and purulent in 1 (2%) patient of Group A whereas it was seropurulent in 5 (10%) patients and purulent in 1 (2%) patient of Group B. The type of collection in Closed Suction Drain was Serous in 12 (24%) patients, Serosanguineous in 10 (20%) patients and Seropurulent in 1 (2%) patient of Group A whereas it was Serous in 13 (26%) patients, Serosanguineous in 10 (20%) patients and Seropurulent in 1 (2%) patient of Group B. The post-operative hospital stay for majority of the patients in Group A was ≤10 days (82%) while it was 11-14 days for Group B (54%).Conclusions: Possible complications following elective surgery and those following urgent/emergency surgery, a debatable issue was the possibility of significant differences between them. The emergency laparotomies are also more common than elective laparotomies especially at peripheral centers. These findings suggest that wound complications do occur in elective abdominal surgeries. These can be reduced to a certain extent by careful case selection, improving Hb levels prior to surgery, using adequate prophylaxis and better surgical practices.
Efficacy of intralesional bleomycin in treatment of lymphangiomas in children: an observational study
Authors: Ainippully Arun M. , P. Ranjit , V. Arun Preeth , S. Prathap
Published: December 2017

Background: Lymphangioma, a benign slow growing tumor of lymphatic vessels, common to the pediatric age group usually presents as swelling with cosmetic deformity. Commonly affecting the head and neck region it may present with compressive symptoms like airway obstruction or dysphagia. Previously surgical excision was the treatment of choice but it involves significant risks and so sclerotherapy has gained popularity. We conducted this prospective observational study to hava a quantitative analysis of the effect of intralesional bleomycin in reducing the size of lymphangiomas in children in our setup.Methods: This observational study was conducted in the paediatric surgery department between 2014 and 2016. A total of 34 children who presented with swellings which were diagnosed to be lymphangiomas based on clinical and sonological basis were included in the study and underwent intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy. Details like dimensions of the lesion before and after the treatment, ultrasound measurement, residual size, characteristic of the cyst like presence or absence of septation, micro or macrocytic were recorded along with demographic details like age and sex. Outcome after 4 weeks was evaluated and classified into 3 groups as in excellent response, good response or poor response. Statistical analysis was done using R statistical software.Results: Of the 34 patients 59% were males. The median age was 18 months with inter-quartile range 4-36 months. 88% of patients had macrocystic lesions. 4 weeks after bleomycin sclerotherapy excellent response was seen in 23 (68%) of the patients, good in 8 (26%) and poor in 3 (9%) of the patients. There was statistically significant association between post procedure swelling, type of cysts and presence of septations and the number of sittings required to the outcome (p value <0.05).Conclusions: Present study shows that intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy is very effective in the treatment of lymphangiomas in children, with macrocystic lesions showing a significantly better response.
Incidence, clinical manifestations and outcome of TUR (transurethral resection) syndrome in patients undergoing TURP under spinal anaesthesia: results from clinical observations in a cohort of 50 patients at a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: George Christina , Haque Parvez David , Mammen Kim J.
Published: December 2017

Background: ‘TUR syndrome’ is clinically detectable in 2% of patients undergoing an otherwise safe operation. Currently, spinal anaesthesia is the most widely anaesthetic technique for TURP as it is easier to detect signs of TUR syndrome in an awake patient. This study aimed at looking at the clinical spectrum and outcomes of TUR syndrome in patients undergoing TURP under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: This clinical study was conducted over a period of 6 months in the departments of anesthesiology and urology at the Christian medical college and hospital Ludhiana in a cohort of 50 male patients electively admitted for TURP under spinal block belonging to ASA I or II groups. Patients received intermittent irrigation with 1.5% glycine, and monitored for TUR symptoms and electrolyte estimations perioperatively.Results: In our study the incidence of TURP syndrome was 10 %. Under spinal block clinical manifestations along with serum sodium values monitored perioperatively helped diagnose and manage the patients. All patients successfully completed resection, with no mortality related to TURP syndrome.Conclusions: In patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate under spinal anaesthesia, monitoring clinical symptoms for the rare TURP syndrome and additional serum sodium levels act as an adjunct in diagnosis. In both situations diagnosis and early intervention prevents extreme neurological symptoms and reduces mortality.