bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Booklet Tumbuhan Paku di Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin Sebagai Bahan Pengayaan Mata Kuliah Taksonomi Tumbuhan
Authors: Muswita Muswita , Yelianti Upik , Kusuma Lia , Intan Amita
Published: March 2020

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The research aims to develop and determine the feasibility of Ferns booklets in Tahura STS. This type of research is Research and Development research using ADDIE learning design models. The booklet that was developed contains 42 types of Ferns that grow in Tahura STS, consisting of 14 types of epipitic Ferns and 28 types of terrestrial Ferns. The booklet that was developed contains scientific names, pictures, classifications and descriptions of ferns that grow in Tahura STS. Validation of media experts was carried out twice with a final score of 85.71% with the category "Very Good". Content expert validation was carried out twice with a final score of 92.8% in the "Very Good" category. Thus the product developed is worth testing. The percentage of small group trials on booklets was 89.6% in the "very good" category. The percentage of large group trials on booklet results was 90.9% in the "very good" category. The lecturer's response to the booklet of Ferns in Tahura STS was 83.9% in the "very good" category. Based on the validation of the experts and the results of small and large group trials and lecturer responses it can be concluded that the booklet of Ferns in Tahura STS is suitable to use as an enrichment for Plant Taxonomy courses.

Keywords: booklet, enrichment material, Ferns.

Abstrak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengetahui kelayakan booklet tumbuhan paku di tahura STS. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian Research and Development dengan menggunakan model desain pembelajaran ADDIE. Booklet yang dikembangkan memuat 42 jenis paku yang tumbuh di Tahura STS, terdiri dari 14 jenis paku epipit dan 28 jenis paku teresterial. Booklet yang dikembangkan memuat nama ilmiah, gambar, klasifikasi dan deskripsi dari tumbuhan paku yang tumbuh di Tahura STS. Validasi ahli media dilakukan sebanyak dua kali dengan nilai akhir 85,71% dengan kategori “Sangat Baik”. Validasi ahli materi dilakukan sebanyak dua kali dengan nilai akhir 92.8% dengan kategori “Sangat Baik”. Dengan demikian produk yang dikembangkan layak untuk diujicobakan. Persentase ujicoba kelompok kecil terhadap booklet sebesar 89,6% dengan kategori “sangat baik”.  Persentase ujicoba kelompok besar terhadap booklet hasil sebesar 90,9% dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Respon dosen terhadap booklet tumbuhan paku di Tahura STS sebesar 83,9% dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Berdasarkan validasi ahli media dan hasil ujicoba kelompok kecil dan besar serta respon dosen dapat disimpulkan booklet tumbuhan paku di Tahura STS layak digunakan sebagai vahan pengayaan mata kuliah taksonomi tumbuhan.

Kata kunci: booklet, bahan pengayaan, tumbuhan paku.
Impact of procurement professionalization on the efficiency of public procurement
Authors: Wibowo Riyadi
Published: March 2020

Each year the central and regional governments spend up to 1,000 trillion rupiahs for procurement of goods and services. In the past, government procurement of goods and services was exposed to leakage and corruption. If the leak is 30 percents, it means that the lost cost of 250 trillion rupiahs. Procurement professionals are key to addressing this problem. By enhancing procurement skills to employees implementing Procurement Services Unit (PSU), Procurement professionals aim to improve the efficiency of procurement of government goods and services, ensure timely availability of goods and services, and provide public services as planned. Through budget efficiency and savings, more and more quality goods and services will be earned so that they have a positive impact on economic growth. The Six Sigma approach with DMAIC stage series (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) is used as a reference to measure and analyze the effect of acquiring skills improvements. Observation 43 Pilot PSUs earned a budget efficiency of 14% or equivalent to 58 trillion rupiahs accumulated during the 2012-2017 period.
Analisa beban kerja operator pada Departemen Painting sheetmetal manufactur dengan menggunakan NIOSH discomfort survey
Authors: Chin Jacky , Herlina Herlina , Iridiastadi Hardianto
Published: March 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keluhan-keluhan yang dialami oleh operator, menganalisa besar usaha yang dibutuhkan, menganalisa resiko yang terjadi, mengusulkan rencana improvement untuk area departemen painting dengan mendesain alat dan elemen kerja yang disesuaikan dengan data antropometri pekerja se-Jawa Barat. Untuk mendapatkan tujuan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map dan penilaian skala BORG Rating of Perceived Exertion untuk mendapatkan persepsi subyektif dari para operator bagian loading/unloading departemen painting di sheetmetal manufaktur. Besar resiko proses lifting part didapat melalui perhitungan menggunakan persamaan NIOSH discomfort survey. Subjeknya adalah operator loading dan unloading departemen painting dan box panel yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah box panel standar ukuran 600*400*200mm. Dari hasil pengolahan data, diketahui bahwa para operator mengalami keluhan berupa sakit, nyeri, ketidaknyamanan, dan kesemutan terbanyak pada bagian leher, pundak dan pinggang sementara besar usaha yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat part body menurut para operator adalah agak berat, untuk part pintu dan baseplate adalah sangat ringan. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, menurut NIOSH Discomfort Survey, para operator beresiko mengalami cedera pada punggung bagian bawah. Dengan menggunakan dimensi antropometri pekerja se-Jawa Barat, diusulkan sebuah alat improvement berupa meja conveyor. Dasar pemilihan meja conveyor ini adalah faktor biaya yang cukup murah, dan waktu yang cukup singkat pembuatannya.
Perancangan model integrasi manajemen operasi pelayanan tanker menggunakan metode soft system methodology
Authors: Fatahillah Fuad , Saryanto Saryanto , Hasibuan Sawarni
Published: March 2020

These study aims are to design a management model of integrated tanker shipping operations to create the best coordination of the parties involved in tanker shipping operations. The implementation of this model is expected to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and optimization of tanker shipping operations management in decision making appropriate and timely. The method used is the Soft System Methodology (SSM). Data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), In-Depth Interview (IDI) from experts. Human Activity System (HAS) mapping is done with analysis techniques using CATWOE analysis (Customer, Actor, Transformation, World view, Owner, Environment constraint), the model is designed through the SSM Learning Model which aims to design a Conceptual Model (CM). The management concept model of integrated tanker shipping operations has the implication of minimizing and eliminating cost losses due to claims so that it can reduce the cost of transporting fuel oil significantly so as to provide added value to the Government in carrying out the obligation to supply fuel at affordable economic prices throughout the Indonesian Unitary Territory.
Perancangan alat body protector pencak silat perkembangan motorik anak usia 10-16 tahun
Authors: Fransisco Rio , Kusmindari Ch Desi
Published: March 2020

Body protector digunakan untuk melindungi diri dari serangan lawan. Body protector biasanya digunakan untuk melindungi tubuh bagian depan, melindungi alat kemaluan, dan melindungi alat gerak. Body protector ini merupakan perlengkapan wajib ketika berlatih ataupun bertanding pencak silat. Body protector dikhususkan untuk melindungi dada dan perut pesilat. Bahan body protector ini biasanya terbuat dari bahan oscar. Di bagian dalamnya terdapat spon yang berfungsi untuk menahan serangan agar tidak langsung mengenai dada ataupun perut pesilat yang bisa berakibat fatal. Bagian dalam body protector juga diberi selang yang lentur, sehingga memudahkan dalam bergerak dan melesatkan serangan. Body protector ini dapat digunakan untuk dewasa profesional juga bagi pemula body protector silat juga tidak hanya diperuntukkan bagi orang dewasa, sudah tersedia body protector khusus anak metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD) dan dinilai menggunakan perhitungan House Of Quality (HOQ). Maka dari perhitungan tersebut akan diperoleh 11 atribut tertinggi urutan prioritas kebutuhan konsumen
Analisa pemilihan supplier dengan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process: Kasus Perusahaan Otomotif di Sunter
Authors: Sambudi Estu Adi
Published: March 2020

The selection of a competent supplier is the one important factor to be able to compete with other companies. PT. XYZ, a company located in Sunter, is engaged in automotive manufacturing. In the period of 2017 PT. XYZ has several lines stop due to several factors, such as the delivery of raw materials which is often late, resulting in the availability of raw materials on the production line is less, incompatibility the goods compared to the specifications. Eight of them are stamping suppliers. The purpose of this study is to design an AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) model that can be used to determine the criteria and the score of that, also determine the alternative suppliers which are the main priority in selecting supplier stamping.  Based on the data processing using the AHP method, obtained 5 criteria, Quality, price, delivery, capability, and service. The highest criteria’s value is quality with score 30%. While the priority of stamping supplier is PT C (12,49) and PT E is the supplier which is not prioritized because it is in the lowest position (5,68).
Surveillance of mosquito larvae in various microhabitats in a University Campus in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Amusan Babatunde , Ogbogu Sylvestre
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Mosquitoes are potentially regarded as one of the most deadly animals in the world as they are known to vector a number of vital diseases. The faunistic composition and prevalence of these mosquitoes are dependent on the characteristics of the larvae habitats. Objective: In this study we surveyed the mosquito larvae in relation to the characteristics of their various microhabitats with the aim of determining how the habitats influence the composition, abundance and distribution of the mosquito larvae on Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile - Ife campus. Methods: We did mosquito larvae sampling monthly between 07: 00 and 10:00 for six months (August, 2017 - January, 2019) using standard dipping method. The various microhabitats sampled included; ground pools, discarded containers, drainage channels and tree holes in each of the study sites. Results: We identifies seven species distributed in three genera as following; Anopheles sp. (Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus); Aedes sp. (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus); Culex sp (Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex poicilipe). Culex was the dominant and most abundant genera as it accounted for 48% of the entire collection. Mosquito larvae were significantly (p<0,05) more abundant in the dry season than in the wet season. The highest abundance of mosquitoes was recorded in Akintola Hall as it accounted for 50,1% of the entire collection. Findings in this study also revealed that drainage channels in the study sites accounted for the highest abundance of mosquitos. A total of 277 ind. were collected in the various drainage channels in the study sites and this represented 45% of the entire collection while Leaking pipes and Ground pools accounted for 89 (15%) and 87 (14%) individuals respectively. We collected majority of the mosquitoes near dwellings thus suggesting that the species identified in this study have affinity for humans and their dwellings. Conclusion: We suggest that un-kept drainage channels, leakages and discarded domestic containers littered around the study sites are possible contributing factors to the enormous breeding sites available to mosquitoes. Elimination of such breeding sites can effectively mitigate the survival and prevalence of mosquitoes in the area.
Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatic Lipogenesis: Role in Hepatosteatosis and Diabetes
Authors: Viscarra Jose , Sul Hei Sook
Published: March 2020

Hepatosteatosis, which is frequently associated with development of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, manifests when triglyceride (TG) input in the liver is greater than TG output, resulting in the excess accumulation of TG. Dysregulation of lipogenesis therefore has the potential to increase lipid accumulation in the liver, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recently, efforts have been made to examine the epigenetic regulation of metabolism by histone-modifying enzymes that alter chromatin accessibility for activation or repression of transcription. For regulation of lipogenic gene transcription, various known lipogenic transcription factors, such as USF1, ChREBP, and LXR, interact with and recruit specific histone modifiers, directing specificity toward lipogenesis. Alteration or impairment of the functions of these histone modifiers can lead to dysregulation of lipogenesis and thus hepatosteatosis leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Exercise Combats Hepatic Steatosis: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Authors: Thyfault John P. , Rector R. Scott
Published: March 2020

Hepatic steatosis, the excess storage of intrahepatic lipids, is a rampant clinical problem associated with the obesity epidemic. Hepatic steatosis is linked to increased risk for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and advanced liver disease. Accumulating evidence shows that physical activity, exercise, and aerobic capacity have profound effects on regulating intrahepatic lipids and mediating susceptibility for hepatic steatosis. Moreover, exercise can effectively reduce hepatic steatosis independent of changes in body mass. In this perspective, we highlight 1) the relationship between obesity and metabolic pathways putatively driving hepatic steatosis compared with changes induced by exercise; 2) the impact of physical activity, exercise, and aerobic capacity compared with caloric restriction on regulating intrahepatic lipids and steatosis risk; 3) the effects of exercise training (modalities, volume, intensity) for treatment of hepatic steatosis, and 4) evidence for a sustained protection against steatosis induced by exercise. Overall, evidence clearly indicates that exercise powerfully regulates intrahepatic storage of fat and risk for steatosis.
Stress-Induced Translational Regulation Mediated by RNA Binding Proteins: Key Links to β-Cell Failure in Diabetes
Authors: Good Austin L. , Stoffers Doris A.
Published: March 2020

In type 2 diabetes, β-cells endure various forms of cellular stress, including oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, secondary to increased demand for insulin production and extracellular perturbations, including hyperglycemia. Chronic exposure to stress causes impaired insulin secretion, apoptosis, and loss of cell identity, and a combination of these processes leads to β-cell failure and severe hyperglycemia. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses in β-cells promises to reveal new therapeutic opportunities for type 2 diabetes. In this perspective, we discuss posttranscriptional control of gene expression as a critical, but underappreciated, layer of regulation with broad importance during stress responses. Specifically, regulation of mRNA translation occurs pervasively during stress to activate gene expression programs; however, the convenience of RNA sequencing has caused translational regulation to be overlooked compared with transcriptional controls. We highlight the role of RNA binding proteins in shaping selective translational regulation during stress and the mechanisms underlying this level of regulation. A growing body of evidence indicates that RNA binding proteins control an array of processes in β-cells, including the synthesis and secretion of insulin. Therefore, systematic evaluations of translational regulation and the upstream factors shaping this level of regulation are critical areas of investigation to expand our understanding of β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes.
Remnants of the Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Chait Alan , Ginsberg Henry N. , Vaisar Tomas , Heinecke Jay W. , Goldberg Ira J. , Bornfeldt Karin E.
Published: March 2020

Diabetes is now a pandemic disease. Moreover, a large number of people with prediabetes are at risk for developing frank diabetes worldwide. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even with statin treatment to lower LDL cholesterol, patients with diabetes have a high residual CVD risk. Factors mediating the residual risk are incompletely characterized. An attractive hypothesis is that remnant lipoprotein particles (RLPs), derived by lipolysis from VLDL and chylomicrons, contribute to this residual risk. RLPs constitute a heterogeneous population of lipoprotein particles, varying markedly in size and composition. Although a universally accepted definition is lacking, for the purpose of this review we define RLPs as postlipolytic partially triglyceride-depleted particles derived from chylomicrons and VLDL that are relatively enriched in cholesteryl esters and apolipoprotein (apo)E. RLPs derived from chylomicrons contain apoB48, while those derived from VLDL contain apoB100. Clarity as to the role of RLPs in CVD risk is hampered by lack of a widely accepted definition and a paucity of adequate methods for their accurate and precise quantification. New specific methods for RLP quantification would greatly improve our understanding of their biology and role in promoting atherosclerosis in diabetes and other disorders.
Energy Regulation Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential of Asprosin
Authors: Hoffmann Jennifer G. , Xie Wei , Chopra Atul R.
Published: March 2020

Genetic studies of patients with neonatal progeroid syndrome led to the discovery of the novel fasting-induced, glucogenic, and orexigenic hormone named asprosin, the C-terminal cleavage product of profibrillin. Upon secretion, asprosin travels to the liver, where it exerts a glucogenic effect through OR4M1, an olfactory G-protein–coupled receptor. It also crosses the blood-brain barrier to stimulate appetite-modulating neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, exerting an orexigenic effect via an as yet unidentified receptor. Specifically, it stimulates appetite by activating orexigenic AgRP neurons and inhibiting anorexigenic POMC neurons. Studies have also focused on the therapeutic potential of inhibiting asprosin for treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, both of which are characterized by high levels of circulating asprosin. It has been shown that anti-asprosin monoclonal antibodies reduce blood glucose, appetite, and body weight, validating asprosin as a therapeutic target. Current work aims to uncover key features of the asprosin biology such as the identification of its neuronal receptor, identification of the secretion mechanism from adipose tissue, and development of anti-asprosin monoclonal antibodies as diabetes and obesity therapies.
Establishment and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Early Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 20 Cohorts
Authors: Jiang Wenhui , Wang Jingyu , Shen Xiaofang , Lu Wenli , Wang Yuan , Li Wen , Gao Zhongai , Xu Jie , Li Xiaochen , Liu Ran , Zheng Miaoyan , Chang Bai , Li Jing , Yang Juhong , Chang Baocheng
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Identifying patients at high risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) helps improve clinical outcome.

PURPOSE

To establish a model for predicting DKD.

DATA SOURCES

The derivation cohort was from a meta-analysis. The validation cohort was from a Chinese cohort.

STUDY SELECTION

Cohort studies that reported risk factors of DKD with their corresponding risk ratios (RRs) in patients with type 2 diabetes were selected. All patients had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 mg/g at baseline.

DATA EXTRACTION

Risk factors and their corresponding RRs were extracted. Only risk factors with statistical significance were included in our DKD risk prediction model.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Twenty cohorts including 41,271 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in our meta-analysis. Age, BMI, smoking, diabetic retinopathy, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, UACR, and eGFR were statistically significant. All these risk factors were included in the model except eGFR because of the significant heterogeneity among studies. All risk factors were scored according to their weightings, and the highest score was 37.0. The model was validated in an external cohort with a median follow-up of 2.9 years. A cutoff value of 16 was selected with a sensitivity of 0.847 and a specificity of 0.677.

LIMITATIONS

There was huge heterogeneity among studies involving eGFR. More evidence is needed to power it as a risk factor of DKD.

CONCLUSIONS

The DKD risk prediction model consisting of nine risk factors established in this study is a simple tool for detecting patients at high risk of DKD.
PENGABDIAN KEPADA KELOMPOK PETERNAK SAPI DI TPA ALAK, KELURAHAN MANULAI II, KECAMATAN ALAK, KOTA KUPANG, NTT
Authors: Detha Annytha -
Published: March 2020

Jumlah peternak yang memelihara ternak di TPA Alak yang berlokasi di Kelurahan Manulai II, Kecamatan Alak, Kota Kupang, NTT semakin hari terus meningkat. Alasan peternak membiarkan sapi memakan sampah di TPA Alak karena di sekitar daerah tersebut sangat sulit untuk mendapatkan pakan sapi saat musim kemarau panjang. Beberapa kajian menyebutkan kondisi ini tidak saja menimbulkan efek toksik dan penyakit pada ternak, tetapi juga berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi daging sapi dari sapi yang dipelihara di TPA Alak akibat keberadaan logam berat dalam sampah. Logam berat mampu terakumulasi dalam jaringan (daging) sehingga dapat menimbulkan penyakit pada manusia yang mengkonsumsi daging tersebut. Menoleh dari hasil kajian analisis situasi, dapat diidentifikasi masih  kekuatan/potensi yang dimiliki mitra yaitu sumberdaya manusia, lahan dan ketersediaan ternak, sesungguhnya kelompok peternak sapi di TPA Alak masih memungkinkan untuk tetap menyediakan sapi sehat dan peningkatan produktivitas peternakan yang berdampat peningkatakan ekonomi peternak. Namun oleh karena adanya kelemahan dan belum adanya pengetahuan yang baik dalam pemeliharaan yang baik dan ketrampilan pembuatan pakan yang minim, maka usaha pemeliharaan sapi oleh peternakan di sekitar wilayah Alak ini berpotensi menimbulkan bahaya laten baik bagi ternak sapi yang dapat mengancam penurunan populasi ternak, maupun bagi manusia yang mengkonsumsi daging sapi tersebut yang dapat menimbuklan potensi keracunan dan penyakit berbahaya lainnya. Pelatihan dilakukan untuk mengarahkan peternak dapat berupaya menyediakan pakan lokal yang sehat dengan memanfaatkan bahan dasar lokal yang tersedia di sekitar tempat tinggal seperti rumput dan jerami dalam rangka meningkatkan penyediaan pakan yang baik oleh peternak sehingga peternak tidak alagi memelihara ternaknya di TPA Alak. Kegiatan pendampingan dilakukan sebagai sarana percontohan dalam rangka mengarahkan peternak untuk dapat melihat hasil pakan yang dapat dimanfaatkan serta dapat meningkatkan minat dan ketertarikan dari peternak lain dalam kelompok peternak di TPA Alak. Kegiatan monitoring dan evaluasi dilakukan untuk menjamin keberlanjutan program yang telah dilakukan serta mengevalusi kemajuan yang ada. Luaran yang dihasilkan berupa peningkatan kesadaran agar peternak meningkatkan mutu pola pemeliharaan untuk tidak lagi memelihara ternak di TPA Alak, namun secara swadaya membuat pakan silase yang berbahan baku lokal sehingga mudah diperoleh dan harga terjangkau sehingga mampu meningkatkan produktivitas peternakan oleh mitra maupun kelompok ternak di TPA Alak.
The Treatment of Hospital Wasterwater Electrocoagulation Using Iron Electrodes: Analysis by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: M. Yusuf Darmadi , Lubis, Mirna Rahmah , Adisalamun Adisalamun
Published: March 2020

Hospital wastewater basically contains organic materials and inorganic materials. Levels of these materials can be determined by testing of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The hospital wastewater treatment proposed in this research is the electrocoagulation treatment using electrodes Fe-Fe and uses the response surface method for optimizing the response variable. Referring to this resea rch, the result shows that the relationship between the process variables and the TSS is significantly influential. As the contact time (15, 30, and 45 minutes) is longer and the voltage (6, 9, and 12 volts) is higher, the percentage reductions of TSS increase. However, the electrolyte solution (0–1 M) has little influence/significance to a response variable of TSS. The highest percentage of TSS reduction is at the contact time 30 minutes and 12 volts, which declined at contact time 45 minutes. The model recommended is a quadratic form with a low error less than 1.6%. In such a way, the optimum condition is at contact time 36 minutes, voltage 12 volts, and the electrolyte (NaCl) concentration 0.1 M. The reduction percentage is TSS 72.45%.
Selective Reduction of High Alumina-Lateritic Nickel Ore (0.5 Ni-44Fe-16Al2O3)
Authors: Nurjaman Fajar , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Karo Karo Pulung , Ginting Ediman , Shofi Achmad , Handoko Anton Sapto
Published: March 2020

In this present study, the effect of reductant dosage, temperature and holding time on selective reduction process of high alumina-lateritic nickel ore have been investigated clearly. The lateritic nickel ore was reduced with 5 until 15 wt. % anthracite and 10 wt. % sodium sulfate at reduction temperature of 950ºC, 1050ºC and 1150°C for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Magnetic separation process was then conducted to separate the concentrate and tailing. The analysis of reduced nickel ore is performed by the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Secondary Electron Microscopy. The optimal process resulted from the reduction of nickel ore with 10 wt. % anthracite at the temperature of 1050°C for 120 minutes which resulted in 0.84% nickel in concentrate. The troilite was not found in reduced ore. The iron grade increased along the increased of reduction temperature. The longer of holding time in selective reduction process increased the nickel grade but it decreased the iron grade.
Activation of Cement Clinker as Catalysts for Transesterification Reaction of Palm Oil Off Grade to Biodiesel
Authors: Putri Karina Octaria , Miftahudin Dhani Nur , Helwani Zuchra , Bahri Syaiful
Published: March 2020

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a heterogeneous solid base which is generally used as a catalyst in making biodiesel. It is mainly obtained from cement clinker and activated through calcination method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using cement clinker catalyst on the yield of the biodiesel. A batch reactor with a condenser was used in making the biodiesel under favorable conditions such as calcination temperatures of 700 °C, 750 °C and 800 °C, time of 5, 6 and 7 hours, and catalyst concentration of 1%-w, 2%-w, and 3%-w oil. The analysis involved X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for catalysts and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The catalyst calcination temperature determined the optimum conditions. From this study, the conditions necessary for transesterification reaction include the mole ratio of methanol/oil of 6 to 1, the temperature of 70 °C for 2 hours and 700 °C for 5 hours, and catalyst dosage of 2% by weight. Under these conditions, the yield of the biodiesel was 84.26%. Additionally, at the calcination temperature of 800 °C for 7 hours and catalyst dosage of 3% by weight, the yield of the biodiesel was 76.84%. CaO, SiO2, 2CaO.SiO2 and 3CaO.SiO2 were found in the catalyst through XRD analysis. The specific surface areas of the catalyst were 25,497 m2/g (700 °C/5 hours) and 35,879 m2/g (800 °C/7 hours) through BET analysis. According to the GC-MS analysis, the main components of the biodiesel include methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, and methyl stearate.
Designing Model for Truck Assignment Problem in Beef Delivery Using DBSCAN Algorithm
Authors: Paduloh Paduloh
Published: March 2020

In beef route delivery, many logistics companies have problems in making delivery plans correctly. Most logistics companies have a limited number of trucks, but there are shipping schedules, locations and volumes of demand is not fixed, in addition to returning products with various reasons that must be collected. Therefore the purpose of this study is to assign trucks to fulfill all beef delivery activities at a minimum cost. One reason for research on truck assignments in beef delivery is the high cost of shipping because it uses cold chains. This study uses the DBSCAN method to obtain density values based on customer distance to the central warehouse and the number of delivery requests, the data used in this study is the data of product delivery to customers for 6 months. Clustering research results using DBSCAN show the maximum values for epsilon 0.7 and Minpoints 2 are 3 clusters with 6 noises. with these results divided of trucks based on clusters is 2 trucks for the area of Banten, 7 trucks for the area of Jakarta, Bogor, and Bekasi, 2 trucks for Malang, and Surabaya. And 1 truck for the Bali area and noise or non-permanent delivery. Keywords: Truck assignment, DBSCAN, algorithm, beef delivery.
Base Flow Index of Way Seputih River at Buyut Udik
Authors: Kusumastuti Dyah Indriana
Published: March 2020

One of river flow components considered in watershed management is baseflow, the main contributor to the river flow during dry season. Ratio between baseflow to total flow is called Base Flow Index (BFI). In fact, BFI can be used as an indcator how good the catchment hydrology is. The purpose of this study is to analyze BFI of Way Seputih river at Hydrometry Station Buyut Udik. The method includes Recursive Digital Filter (RDF) method, which utilizes constant recession of hydrographs in displaying the ratio of baseflow from continuous discharge during periods when there is no direct runoff. Daily discharge data from Way Seputih river at Buyut Udik recorded from 1973 to 2006 is used. The result shows that yearly BFI values range from 0.142 to 0.487 and there is a decrease trend of yearly BFI over time. This result is confirmed by yearly average discharges which tend to decrease over time. These are effected by land cover degradation in Way Seputih catchment and  this should be a concern for authorities to improve land and water conservation in Way Seputih catchment so that river flow could be maintained throughout the year. Keywords: base flow index, baseflow, dry season
SEGMENTAL AND SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONETICS OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Steriopolo Olena
Published: March 2020

The article is dedicated to the study of the current state of segmental and suprasegmental phonetics and phonology of the Ukrainian language reviewed from the recent comparative investigations. In the focus of the research there is the analysis of phonemes’ syntagmatics and paradigmatics as well as the survey of the word stress realizations and the peculiarities of Ukrainian intonation as contrasted to German.
The phonetical and phonological peculiar features of sound system and structural types of syllables in Ukrainian are also analyzed. Besides, Ukrainian word stress and intonation are studied as well as the phonetic realization of Aesop’s fable “The Sun and the Wind”.
The research has been focused on the functioning of phonemes in the strong and weak position, in stressed and unstressed syllables. The typological discrepancies on the segmental and suprasegmental levels have been made distinct. The peculiarities of transcribing and transliterating Ukrainian texts in German have also been studied. The following conclusions have been arrived at. Ukrainian intonation differs from German intonation by the melody of interrogative sentences.
The most relevant words in the utterance, the so-called semantic centres, are tonically realized at the highest pitch level with the subsequent fall, the intensity is maximum. The semantic centre in the Ukrainian texts under investigation is in the final part of the utterances, while in spontaneous speech the position of the centre may vary.
LINGUISTIC SPECIFICITY OF ENGLISH AND CHINESE OFFICIAL PAPERS AND BUSINESS STYLE
Authors: Stoianova Tetiana
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the linguistic characteristics of official business style documents in English and Chinese. The relevance of the topic is explained by the growing pace of globalization, which requires the correct and accurate formation of international documents. The study is based on a comparison of stylistic and grammatical characteristics and rules for the composition of the text of an official business document, in particular declarations, conventions and resolutions in both languages. Consideration of the concepts of an international organization, an international document, a regulatory agreement, etc., allowed the exploration of the essence and importance of such institutions as the UN and UNESCO, which directly create the declarations, conventions and resolutions that are considered in the article. A review of existing studies on the functional styles of both languages revealed the features of the formation of the official business style of the English and Chinese languages, and their influence on the features of the formation of official business documents. Familiarization with the latest work of scientists has allowed us to obtain more accurate and relevant research results. The purpose, aim and basic features of the regulatory documents of the Chinese and English languages do not differ, however, certain speech differences are traced. The main differences of the Chinese official business style are explained by the influence of the linguistic and cultural features of this language, which include morphological features, rules for loan words formation in the Chinese language, and some grammatical features that are presented in the article. The main reason for the changes and the formation of the modern official business language was the transition from Wenyang to Baihua, but with the preservation of a significant number of Wenyang clericalism. The article presents and analyzes examples of the English and Chinese parts of documents, which made it possible to conduct a quantitative analysis and generalize the features of documents of both languages at the syntactic level in the form of a table.
LINGUACULTURAL ASPECT OF TEMPORAL NOMINATIONS
Authors: Shapoval Anna
Published: March 2020

Analysis of linguocultural aspect of temporal nominations is impossible without involving the problems of hrononymic lexics. Chrononyms is an important information resource of a certain linguaculture, some distinctive peculiarities of conceptual picture of the world. The aim of the experimental analysis is a complex examination of the linguacultural aspect of temporal nominations that function in Chinese and Turkish languages reflecting the concepts of the world. The research was based on the material of the novels “Imperial woman” by Pearl Buck and “Roxolana” by Pavlo Zagrebelniy.
The analysis of recent scientific publications allowed us to come to the conclusion that the investigation of hrononymic lexics can involve different theoretical and practical principles.
Being guided by the existing classifications of chrononyms (N. Podolskaya, M. Torchinsky, S. Remmer) the linguocultural features of the following types of temporal chrononymic lexical units were identified and studied in the research: georthonyms, dynastic chrononyms, tumultonyms, parsonyms and mensonyms.
The results of the research demonstrate that not all lexical units of temporal denotation chosen from the above mentioned novels refer to the class of chrononyms. The group under investigation includes the following lexemes: nominations of the lunar calendar, nominations of the solar calendar, nominations of mixed calendar and temporal slots denoting day and night.
The basic system of chronology in the linguiacultures under analysis is the dominance of the lunar calendar nominations (Chinese picture of the world — 51,0 %, Turkish — 40,4 %). In the analyzed works the nominations of the solar calendar are used less often in the Chinese picture of the world; the usage of this unit reaches 20 %, and this phenomenon is historically conditioned. Mixed calendar nominations (21 % of temporal units) are rather common, solar calendar nominations are refined by the monthly calendar; it can be explained by the fact that the Chinese mind is conservative towards the new temporal system. In the Turkish picture of the world 45 % of temporal vocabulary belongs to the solar calendar since in the sixteenth century only a lunar calendar operated in the Ottoman Empire. It should be mentioned that significant place in the temporal vocabulary of “Roxolana” is conditioned by the influence of the linguistic personality of the author, who was a Ukrainian.
HOUSES’ PROPER NAMES IN THE SPHERE OF CITY TOPONIMICS: A PRAGMATIC ASPECT
Authors: Boeva Evelina
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the ongoing linguistic problem — the phenomenon of modern houses nomination, which is directly related to the phenomenon of naming, as one of the components of an advertising strategy. Modern advertising is a part of popular culture; it gives information about the individual needs of people, based not only on the information about the product, but also on the demonstration of the benefits that the buyer will receive by purchasing a particular product. The relevance of the problem is tied to the active use of modern language, advertising, marketing technologies in almost all spheres of human activity. The aim of the article is the implementation of a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative study of the Odessa’s oikodomonyms, taking into account their structural and semantic features; the selection of criteria, principles and motives for modern houses nomination. The linguistic status of oikodomonyms in the onomastic space has been determined, the use of appropriate terminology has been justified, and the basic structural and semantic models of oikodomonyms have been identified. The oikodomonyms are mainly formed by onymization, transonymization, which is structurally represented by one-component, two-component and multicomponent (descriptive) constructions, among which the first two types are productive. The substantive model of the oikodomonyms’ nomination is more productive (approximately 57.4 %) than the adjective (approximately 31.48 %). The proper names, which are the names of the houses, have been classified by the author of the article into neutral and connotative. The oikodomonyms as the connotative markers of the onomastic system are based on the associative connections with architectural features, exterior, size of houses, location etc.
LINGUOSTYLISTIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH HUMOROUS FANTASY NOVELS AND THEIR UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION
Authors: Velychenko Olena , Fonar Liudmyla
Published: March 2020

The relevance of an article is based on the need for a thorough study of means of linguostylistic actualization of English humor in modern fantasy literature and features of its rendering in Ukrainian translations, taking into account pragmatic and cross-cultural components. This is due to the popularity of the fantasy genre among a readership, and therefore requires the study of the features and problems of adequate translation of foreign fantasy novels by Ukrainian specialists, who often have difficulties translating author neologisms (occasionalisms) and proper names of fantasy creatures and characters. Increased interest in translation studies in many aspects of fantasy issues is evidenced by the recent emergence of a large number of works that reveal different aspects of humor. However, despite the interest in the subject, there is a small amount of exploration that addresses the issues of rendering humor and comic occasionalisms as units of linguostylistics in fantasy books in the English-Ukrainian translation.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the linguostylistic specificity of translation of the humorous fantasy “Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them” from English into Ukrainian. The paper presents an analysis of the research material for the purpose of establishing the linguostylistic essence of J. K. Rolling’s occasionalisms, as well as the specifics of their interpretation, taking into account difficulties and cases of incompatibility of translation of the original due to various types and causes of complete and partial loss of sense of the original source. The basis for a comprehensive study of linguistic problems of author’s word-formation and translation analysis of tactics and operations involved in implementing a strategy of communicative-equal translation and adequate rendering of humorous fantasy in a pair of typologically different languages English-Ukrainian has been improved.
MODELS OF TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE IN MACHINE TRANSLATION: PRAGMATIC ASPECT
Authors: Hrushko Svitlana
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is to study problems of translation equivalence in machine translation, which is based on a sequence of invariable actions (algorithms) with a text to identify linguistic equivalents in a pair of languages at a given direction of translation by means of a computer, in respect of the pragmatic aspect.
Translation equivalence is understood as a specific type of equivalence, which is fundamentally different from other types, since it does not correlate with the phenomena that have a special place in the structure of a language, but the phenomena that currently exist in a language correlation or are equivalent to the text content. The translation is formalized, but allows getting an idea of the text content at the introductory level, since it is not an accurate, adequate translation, but performs the function of rendering basic information. Machine translation is not able to render nuances of an original text, not only at the lexical level. When translating, it is necessary to take peculiarities of syntax and semantics into account. Adequate computer translation is almost impossible in this case. This fact is recognized by all scholars who study possibilities of this type of translation only when rendering main content of a document without taking language nuances and features into account.
Machine translation can be carried out on a basis of the translation equivalence (objective and dynamic) model. The model in terms of linguistic technology provides an optimal solution of problems of independent linguistic description and algorithm.
The system of translation equivalence, which can be implemented within the model of translation equivalence, allows providing sufficient quality of machine translation at the pre-editing stage. When creating a machine translation program, in addition to solving linguistic problems, a program of their implementation is also necessary, since a translation program is a tool for studying and finding information in a foreign language, and the prospects of a machine translation are related to the further development of translation theory and practice in general.
GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES OF BRITISH NOVEL TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN
Authors: Savchenko Yevheniia , Haishun Anhelina
Published: March 2020

One of the most important tasks of the translator is to achieve the equivalence of the translation text. As a result, translators are forced to use various transformations, in particular grammatical ones. The study of grammatical transformations is also important from the point of view of identifying linguistic equivalence, the originality of the English literary language, its inherent characteristics. All of the above determines the relevance of the paper topic.
The aim of the work is to study the basic principles of the functioning of grammatical transformations in the British novel translation into Ukrainian.
The study is based on the continuous sampling method, translation and comparative method, transformational analysis, descriptive and quantitative methods and interpretive analysis methods.
It was found that morphological transformations were carried out using full, zero, partial translations, functional substitution (correspondence), assimilation, conversion and antonymic translation in the conditions of similarity of forms. The morphological transformations in the conditions of form discrimination were carried out using zero translation, functional substitution, conversion, expansion and contraction. The syntactic transformations at the level of word combinations were carried out using a full translation, such types of partial translation as contraction, expansion and transposition, functional substitution, translation commentary or descriptive translation. The syntactic transformations at the sentence level were carried out using zero translation, functional substitution, transposition, expansion, contraction, antonymic translation, addition, omission.
Such transformations most often complement each other, thereby compensating a certain loss of information in a certain extent through the restructuring of the original text. Each such transformation is directed, first of all, to an adequate way of transferring the initial information in forms that are acceptable for the cultural tradition and the target language.
«Historia de la literatura ilustrada española del siglo XIX», de Raquel Gutiérrez Sebastián, José María Ferri Coll y Borja Rodríguez Gutiérrez (eds.)
Authors: Cuvardic García Dorde
Published: March 2020

Reseña del libro Historia de la literatura ilustrada española del siglo XIX (Santander-Santiago de Compostela, Editorial de la Universidad de Cantabria-Servizo de Publicacións da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2019), de Raquel Gutiérrez Sebastián, José María Ferri Coll y Borja Rodríguez Gutiérrez (eds.)