bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitude about Emergency Management of Avulsed Tooth Amongst Paramedical Students of Visnagar, Gujarat: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Fernandes Shoba , Shah Heli , Bafna Yash , Patel Dharati , Mistry Harsh , Shah Kavya
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Dental trauma has emerged as a significant aspect of dental public health. Traumatized teeth require early and appropriate treatment, which frequently relies on the competence of the dentists, doctors, and nurses who provide the primary care. Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of paramedical students about the emergency management of avulsed tooth. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey consisting of 17 questions was designed and circulated among 365 paramedical students (nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy) of Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India, to assess their knowledge and attitude about the emergency management of avulsed tooth. Descriptive statistics were applied by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: Total 260 (71.23%, mean age of 23 years) students responded, with 71 students from Physiotherapy, 106 from Nursing and 83 from Pharmacy. A total of. 178 (68.46%) students comprehend the meaning of avulsion. While 193 (74.23%) students had knowledge that tooth re-implantation is possible. Of all the respondents, 192 students (73.84%) were familiar about the benefit of mouth guards for prevention of sports injury and 125 students (48.07%) opined that it is very important to be acquainted with emergency management of dental trauma. Conclusion: Though the paramedical students had good understanding about tooth avulsion, they were unaware about the emergency management of the situation. This warrants the need of incorporating training programmes dedicated to the subject in their curriculum.
Comparative Estimation of Arginine Content in Peanuts: An Analytical Study
Authors: Voleti Archana , Bandaru Narasinga Rao , Sethumadhavan K
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Arginine is an amino acid that has several positive effects on human health and peanut seeds are the richest source of it. Peanuts are the store houses loaded with proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, fiber and other phytochemicals. It has been shown that the intake of arginine at the concentration of 3-6 g/day has been found to improve the cardiovascular system, reduce intestinal permeability and activate the immune system that aids in early recovery of tuberculosis patients. Aim: To evaluate the variation of arginine content in raw, boiled, soaked, soaked and boiled type of peeled and unpeeled peanuts. Materials and Methods: The analytical study on various groups of peanuts (raw, boiled, soaked, soaked and boiled peanuts of both peeled and unpeeled varieties) was conducted at Gayatri Vidya Parishad Institute of Health Care and Medical Technology at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, in December 2019. The arginine content was estimated in peanut seeds using the Sakaguchi method by Spectrophotometry at wavelength of 520 nm. Descriptive statistics were done for all 12 groups and were represented with mean, standard deviation and standard error. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Post-hoc Tukey’s were applied to find statistical significance. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used for analysis. Results: Concentration of arginine was recorded for each type in triplicate considering the mean. The raw soaked peeled peanuts had the lowest concentration of arginine (31.82 µg/g) and the soaked boiled for 15 minutes, unpeeled peanuts had the highest amount of arginine (1438.18 µg/g). Significant difference was found among the twelve groups by using ANOVA test p<0.001. Soaked and boiled 15 min peeled peanuts, soaked unpeeled, soaked and boiled 15 min unpeeled and soaked and boiled 30 min unpeeled were significantly different when compared to the remaining groups using Post hoc Tukey’s test p<0.05. Conclusion: Soaked, boiled and unpeeled peanuts were the best types with the highest amounts of arginine which could be chosen as adjuvant nutritional therapeutic supplement to aid in the recovery of certain diseases.
PROBLEMATIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, KNOWLEDGE OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS AND HEALTH RISKS AMONG FUTURE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN IFAKARA, MOROGORO REGION, TANZANIA
Authors: Kureh Theophilus Gbednet , Frugence Jacquiline Mkisa , Liseki Jacquiline , Morolahun Ebenezer Abimbola , Lubomba Witness
Published: December 2022

Aims

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorder, drinking attitude, knowledge of standard drinks and health risks associated with alcohol consumption among health science students in Ifakara town, Morogoro region in Tanzania.

Design

This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted between June and October 2020 among 372 medicine and allied health students. Participants were selected from the study institutions using random sampling. Results were presented by descriptive statistics, chi- square (χ2) test for associations and logistics regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence (CI) for alcohol use disorder among participants.

Results

The prevalence of alcohol consumption is 39.2% with males accounting a higher prevalence among drinkers (63.7%). Ages 21-25 accounted for the highest drinking prevalence (65.8% of drinkers). There were associations between drinking and gender (p=0.002), institution of study (p=0.000) and course of study (p=0.000). Ever drinkers were about 41% of respondents. The median age of first consumption is 20.0 (IQR: 17-22). The prevalence rates of AUD (AUDIT score greater than 8) is 16.4%. Women were significantly less likely than men to report AUD (OR=0.22, 95% CI (0.11-0.47), p<0.05). Over 60% of participants did not know the number of standard drinks in commonly sold alcoholic beverages in Tanzania.

Conclusion

The prevalence of alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking is high among health sciences students. There is also a poor knowledge of standard drinks and recommended drinking limits.
Challenges Faced by the Retailers in Selling the Selected Carbonated Dairy Drink in Anand City, Gujarat
Authors: Navyasree P. , Prajapati M. R. , Mahera A. B.
Published: December 2022

Carbonated drinks or frizzy drinks are beverages that contain dissolved carbon dioxide. These are the packaged drinks that are available in bottles, cans, and PET bottles without any alcohol content. This industry has been experiencing paramount changes regarding product innovations, variations, and offerings. To create a wider penetration of carbonated beverages and sustaining the customer base, companies have been using a variety of strategies. This study was conducted to identify the problems faced by the retailers in selling the selected carbonated dairy drink in Anand city, Gujarat. Primary data was collected with the help of collecting the information from 60 retailers of different general stores, parlors, bakeries and petty shops using purposive sampling method in order to analyze and interpret the information. According to the findings of the study conducted, using the percentage and tabular analysis, it was observed that 41.67 percent of the respondents felt that the price of the carbonated dairy beverages are higher than the other competitive carbonated drinks. 30 percent of the retailers gave their feedback of better service as there was replacement of the old stock and the company was resolving the issues as per the need. 20 percent of the respondents felt that the quality of the selected carbonated dairy drink was good. Only 8.33 percent respondents reported that there was better supply. So, the data depicted that the retailers were not so satisfied with the selected carbonated dairy beverage products. About 55 percent of the retailers were not satisfied with the marketing and promotional strategies of carbonated dairy drinks. The results clearly represented that the retailers expect more promotional activities from the companies, draw suitable marketing strategies, attract the new customers by creating the awareness, retain and nurture the existing ones and target the potential ones to increase the sales revenue and maximize the profit.
Assessment of the Level of Awareness of Health Hazards and Practices of Waste Scavengers in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Patrick Nwosu Osita , Stanley Herbert O. , Eyinna Douglass
Published: December 2022

Waste scavengers in developing countries are informal actors in the recycling of tons of waste generated in urban centers. These scavengers are often poor and uneducated persons who may be ignorant or too poor to mind the hazards of their profession. The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness of health hazards associated with waste scavenging among scavengers in Enugu, Nigeria, as well as assess their attitude towards health hazard and safety. Three hundred and ninety-five (395) waste scavengers were picked via multistage and random sampling technique from the three senatorial zones in Enugu State and administered close ended questionnaire. Results showed 72.7% poor level of awareness of health hazards among waste pickers and 63.6% poor level of attitude towards precautionary measures to health hazard and safety. There is a positive relationship between level of education, marital status and awareness of health hazards, and between age, religion, level of education, marital status, income and attitude towards health hazards and safety. As a recommendation, waste scavenger should be educated to appreciate the real dangers of their occupation and to change their work attitude, in other to safeguard their health.
Empirical Study of Timber Trade in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Shobika R. , Selvanayaki S. , Parthiban K. T. , Raj S. Varadha , Priyanka V.
Published: December 2022

This paper is an attempt to assess the major tree species that are being traded in the state and a comparison of domestic and import prices of the most preferred species has been done. India is one of the top producers of tropical logs in the world; on the other hand it is also among the largest consumer of wood products. It is also among the top importing countries of tropical woods since it cannot match its own demand for wood products with domestic supplies (ITTO, 2015). Tamil Nadu has more than 500 small scale timber industries, with majority of them being unorganized. The price had also been fluctuating between domestic and imported wood based on their requirement, quality, size and other parameters. Forty sample respondents were selected through snow ball sampling technique and initial references were drawn from Consortium of Industrial Agroforestry (CIAF) operating at Forest College and Research Institute (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University), Mettupalayam. The price variability between domestic and imported teak was evaluated using bivariate correlation analysis. It could be found that there was significant positive correlation between the price of country teak and Ecuador teak, country teak and African teak which implied that if there is increase in price of country teak, there will be increase in price of either Ecuador or African teak and vice-versa.
State of Food Security and Hunger in Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Bhaba Datta
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to assess the current status and trend of food security and hunger in Nepal. Methodologically, the paper uses a descriptive research design; for this, secondary sources of data were intensively reviewed, and it draws an insightful conclusion from a variety of literature. Collected data were presented and interpreted using descriptive statistical tools such as tables, figures, percentages, and trend lines. The paper’s scope is limited to the Nepalese context. Professional ethics, a minimum similarity index, and authenticity in data have been taken as ethical considerations. Around half of the households (48.2 percent) have access to food security over the course of the year in Nepal. The urban area is more secure than the rural, and the position of the Terai region is better than that of the hill and mountain regions in terms of food security status. In terms of food security and severe food insecurity, Gandaki Province performed well, while Karnali Province performed poorly. The fight against hunger has mostly stagnated internationally in recent years. The GHI score for 2022 is moderate, although at 19.1, it only slightly deviates from the 16.4 score in 2014, the 20.8 score in 2019, and the 19.5 score in 2020. Nepal's global hunger index trend is shifting from a serious to a moderate position. This paper suggests exploring future food security strategies and reducing the intensity of hunger through further research. This study would stimulate public interest in policy advocacy, which might result in widespread favorable policy initiatives for more in-depth discussions and the implementation of development strategies in developing countries like Nepal.
Site-specific Nutrient Management in Maize Tract of Khammam-based on STCR and Targeted Yield Approach
Authors: Pandit V. B. , Anjaiah T. , Devi M. Uma , Neelima T. L. , Chary D. Srinivasa
Published: December 2022

Soil variability is major factor behind the less yield, higher cost of cultivation and minimum profit. Geostatistics, principal component analysis and Fuzz C mean cluster algorithms are used to check soil spatial variability and help in reduction of spatial variability by diving field in to different management zone. Spatial variability of soil of Telangana was measured and also developed eight management zones for four ha using geostatistical analysis, Principal component analysis and Fuzz C mean cluster algorithm. Using above information, Field experiments were conducted at Khammam, Telanagana during rabi-2021 to demonstrate SSNM technique on farmer field using soil test crop response and targeted yield concept in maize crop. In this study, there are three treatments used: Treatment -1: - Fertilizer application based on eight soil sample testing, Treatment- 2: - Fertilizer application based on one soil sample testing, and Treatment -3: - Farmer fertilizer practices. The study concluded that grain yield over farmer fertilizer practices was highest in treatment -1 followed by treatment -2. Maximum gross return and gross return per ha over farmer fertilizer practice were observed in treatment -1 (Rs. 170170 and Rs. 26180.00 respectively) followed by treatment -2 (Rs. 157080 and Rs. 13090.00 respectively).
Determinants of Psychiatric Disorders among Residents of an Old Peoples’ Home in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyewole Adeoye , Olowokandi Olufunmilayo
Published: December 2022

Background: There are many challenges facing old people’s home care services in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, with rates of functional impairment in older populations exceeding those in other parts of the globe. The prevalence of mental illness especially among the elderly has been projected to increase significantly in the years ahead. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with psychiatry disorders among inmates of old people home in Nigeria.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design conducted among eighty-five respondents from inmates of old people’s homes, in Yaba, Lagos, selected using a purposive non-probability sampling technique. The instruments used include Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and SCID-II Sociodemographic data were obtained via questionnaire and participation was by informed consent.

Results: Of the total respondents, 38.8% were between the age category of 75-84 years. Only 2(2.4%) still had a spouse, 23(27.1%) were divorced and 58(68.2%) were widowers. Also, only 18(21.2%) had a personal source of income while most 76(89.4%) depend on financial support with the majority 36(42.4%) mainly from family and voluntary donations. It was observed that 75.3% had psychiatric morbidity among which 48.2% had Dementia, 16.5% had Schizophrenia and only 10.6% were diagnosed with Depression.

Conclusion: This study lends credence to the fact that aging brings with it certain health challenges that may affect their well-being, especially in developing countries where socioeconomic ado poses significant setbacks in the care of the elderly. In view of the challenges identified among the residents of the old people’s home in Yaba; it is pertinent that efforts must be geared towards the establishment of qualitative medical facilities, especially for those with recognized physical or mental health challenges and poor socioeconomic status to cushion the effect of Mental illness.
Nutritional Psychiatry Integrated Framework: Exploration of Nutrition and Co-occurring Bipolar Disorder and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Cuthrell Kimberly Morton
Published: December 2022

Nutritional psychiatry advancements are needed in understanding the effects of food nutrients on co-occurring psychiatric conditions particularly bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Food nutrients contribute to the increase and decrease of symptoms in psychiatric conditions. Bipolar disorder and PTSD are frequently co-occurring and significantly impact moods, how the brain processes information, and psychological stressors. Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and PTSD experience increased risks of suicide and are more likely to have unhealthy dietary habits. Understanding the appropriate nutrients to consume and avoid may contribute to promising outcomes for psychiatric conditions. Advancements in awareness of food nutrition are necessary to manage not only psychiatric conditions but also medical conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids, minerals (magnesium and zinc), pro-biotics, B vitamins, vitamins C and D, large neutral amino acids, specifically tryptophan and tyrosine, and branched-chained amino acids, antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables, and fatty acids have been linked to improved outcomes in the management of bipolar disorder and PTSD symptoms. Foods associated with poor prognosis have been linked to caffeine, alcohol, sugar, salt, processed foods, and artificial additives. This research contributes to the body of literature by exploring a link between food nutrients and bipolar disorder and PTSD because no known study has explored a co-occurring treatment intervention for such psychiatric conditions, and introduces the Nutritional Psychiatry Integrated Framework (NPIF)with a patient-centered focus which makes this research compelling. Advancements in understanding the effects of nutritional psychiatry associated with symptoms of bipolar disorder and PTSD may introduce innovative dietary and psychological treatment approaches.
Synthesis of p-Aminophenol from p-Nitrophenol Using CuO-Nanoleaf/g-Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Sudarsono Didik , Rismana Eriawan , Slamet Slamet
Published: December 2022

The CuO-nanoleaf/g-Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized through wet chemical impregnation and had promising catalytic activity in reducing p-Nitrophenol (PNP) into p-Aminophenol (PAP). The synthesis was conducted in situ with Ethylene Glycol as a stabilizer agent of the CuO-nanoleaf structure and g-Al2O3 as catalyst support with high adsorption ability. Furthermore, the crystal phase, morphology, element composition, and specific surface area were investigated by X-Ray Diﬀraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption, respectively. The XRD pattern showed the crystal phase of CuO and g-Al2O3 in the composite, and the morphology was successfully reported using FESEM. The increase in the specific surface area of the catalyst indicates that the CuO material was well composited in g-Al2O3. The catalyst has good activity in reducing PNP to PAP with 93.53% PNP conversion within 4 min. In addition, the reduction reaction of PNP with excess NaBH4 could be categorized as pseudo-first order kinetic with a constant rate of 0.6935 min−1 for CuO-nanoleaf/g-Al2O3 catalyst. The loading catalyst and temperature reaction effect on PNP conversion were also investigated. The results showed that 94.18% PNP conversion was obtained within only 2.5 min under the optimized conditions. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Preliminary validity of the Draw a Shape Test for upper extremity assessment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Graves Jennifer S. , Ganzetti Marco , Dondelinger Frank , Lipsmeier Florian , Belachew Shibeshih , Bernasconi Corrado , Montalban Xavier , van Beek Johan , Baker Michael , Gossens Christian , Lindemann Michael
Published: December 2022

Objective

To validate the smartphone sensor‐based Draw a Shape Test – a part of the Floodlight Proof‐of‐Concept app for remotely assessing multiple sclerosis‐related upper extremity impairment by tracing six different shapes.

Methods

People with multiple sclerosis, classified functionally normal/abnormal via their Nine‐Hole Peg Test time, and healthy controls participated in a 24‐week, nonrandomized study. Spatial (trace accuracy), temporal (mean and variability in linear, angular, and radial drawing velocities, and dwell time ratio), and spatiotemporal features (trace celerity) were cross‐sectionally analyzed for correlation with standard clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging (normalized brain volume and total lesion volume) disease burden measures, and for capacity to differentiate people with multiple sclerosis from healthy controls.

Results

Data from 69 people with multiple sclerosis and 18 healthy controls were analyzed. Trace accuracy (all shapes), linear velocity variability (circle, figure‐of‐8, spiral shapes), and radial velocity variability (spiral shape) had a mostly fair/moderate‐to‐good correlation (|r| = 0.14–0.66) with all disease burden measures. Trace celerity also had mostly fair/moderate‐to‐good correlation (|r| = 0.18–0.41) with Nine‐Hole Peg Test performance, cerebellar functional system score, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, partial correlation analysis related these results to motor impairment. People with multiple sclerosis showed greater drawing velocity variability, though slower mean velocity, than healthy controls. Linear velocity (spiral shape) and angular velocity (circle shape) potentially differentiate functionally normal people with multiple sclerosis from healthy controls.

Interpretation

The Draw a Shape Test objectively assesses upper extremity impairment and correlates with all disease burden measures, thus aiding multiple sclerosis‐related upper extremity impairment characterization.
Effects of Unit Cell Topology on the Mechanical Properties of Porous Tantalum Structures via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Li Hejie , Yang Gaolin , Lv Shuaijie , Zhou Qing , Fan Lisha , Liu Rong , Yao Jianhua , Tong Peijian
Published: December 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) of porous tantalum scaffolds receives extensive attention because the demands for tantalum implants grow rapidly. Understanding the effects of unit cell topology on the mechanical properties of porous tantalum scaffold structures is critical for durable implant design, but it is still lacking. Herein, porous tantalum structures with two types of unit cells (body‐centered cubic [BCC] and body‐centered cubic deformation [BCC‐D]) are additively manufactured with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The geometric characteristics and mechanical properties of the manufactured structures are comparatively studied. It is found that the mechanical properties of BCC porous tantalum in the building and horizontal directions are discovered to be nearly identical, with elastic modulus and yield strength of nearly 1.9 GPa and 56 MPa, respectively. Unit cell topology dominates the mechanical anisotropy and compressive failure mode of porous tantalum. The mechanical properties of the BCC‐D topology are anisotropic, and the fracture morphology indicates that it is a cleavage fracture and a minor ductile fracture. The capacity to finely control the mechanical properties of porous tantalum structure through unit cell topology is prominent for optimizing implant structure for personalized medical care.
Annealing‐Free Thioantimonate Argyrodites with High Li‐Ion Conductivity and Low Elastic Modulus
Authors: Jung Wo Dum , Kim Ji‐Su , Kim Young Jung , Jeong Hyeseong , Han Daseul , Nam Kyung‐Wan , Ahn Docheon , Kwon Deok‐Hwang , Jung Hun‐Gi , Lee Jong‐Ho , Kim Hyoungchul
Published: December 2022

Although Li‐ion superconducting sulfides have been developed as solid electrolytes (SEs) in all‐solid‐state batteries, their high deformability, which is inherently beneficial for room‐temperature compaction, is overlooked and sacrificed. To solve this dilemmatic task, herein, highly deformable Li‐ion superconductors are reported using an annealing‐free process. The target thioantimonate, Li5.2Si0.2Sb0.8S4Br0.25I1.75, comprising bimetallic tetrahedra and bi‐halogen anions is synthesized by two‐step milling tuned for in situ crystallization, and exhibits excellent Li‐ion conductivity (σion) of 13.23 mS cm−1 (averaged) and a low elastic modulus (E) of 12.51 GPa (averaged). It has a cubic argyrodite phase of ≈57.39% crystallinity with a halogen occupancy of ≈90.67% at the 4c Wyckoff site. These increased halogen occupancy drives the Li‐ion redistribution and the formation of more Li vacancies, thus facilitating Li‐ion transport through inter‐cage pathway. Also, the facile annealing‐free process provides a unique glass‐ceramic structure advantageous for high deformability. These results represent a record‐breaking milestone from the combined viewpoint of σion and E among promising SEs. Electrochemical characterization, including galvanostatic cycling tests for 400 h, reveals that this material displays reasonable electrochemical stability and cell performance (150.82 mAh g−1 at 0.1C). These achievements shed light on the synthesis of practical SEs suffice both σion and E requirements.
Intracellular pH Sensor Based on Heteroleptic Bis‐Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex Embedded into Block‐Copolymer Nanospecies: Application in Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Shakirova Julia R. , Baigildin Vadim A. , Solomatina Anastasia I. , Aghakhanpour Reza Babadi , Pavlovskiy Vladimir V. , Porsev Vitaly V. , Tunik Sergey P.
Published: December 2022

Herein, a novel pH‐responsive phosphorescent probe based on cyclometalated iridium(III) complex is reported. To prevent oxygen quenching of phosphorescence and to improve the probe biocompatibility, the complex is covalently conjugated with a water‐soluble block‐copolymer that also increases its pH sensitivity. The resulting polymeric nanoprobe demonstrates a strong response of the phosphorescence lifetime onto pH variations in physiological range. Cellular experiments with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO‐K1) cells show the predominant internalization of the probe in acidified cell compartments, endosomes and lysosomes. The analysis of phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data confirms applicability of the sensor for monitoring of intra‐ and extracellular pH in cell cultures.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Mediated Exciton Effect in Hierarchical BiOBr Enables Dichotomy of Energy Transfer and Electron Transfer in Photocatalysis
Authors: Shen Zirong , Luo Zehua , Chen Junying , Li Yingwei
Published: December 2022

Using solar energy through green and simple artificial photosynthesis systems are considered as a promising way to solve the energy and environmental crisis. However, one of the important primary steps of photosynthesis, i.e., energy transfer, is long being ignored especially in inorganic semiconducting systems due to the small exciton binding energies. Herein, the simultaneous interrogation of the charge transfer and energy transfer steps in a photoexcitation process is proposed by utilizing few‐layered nanosheet‐assembled hierarchical BiOBr nanotubes with rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) as efficient multifunctional photocatalysts. Benefiting from the integrated 1D/2D structure and abundant OV defects, the excitonic effect strikes a delicate balance in the optimized BiOBr photocatalyst, showing not only improved charge carrier separation and transfer but also enhanced exciton generation. As a result, the hierarchical BiOBr nanotubes exhibit high efficiency toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction with an impressive CO evolution rate of 135.6 µmol g−1 h−1 without cocatalyst or photosensitizer. The dominant reactive oxygen species of singlet oxygen (1O2) are discriminated for the first time, which originated from an energy transfer process, with electrophilic character, whereas the minor effect of superoxide anion radical (•O2−) with a nucleophilic rate‐determining step in the photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of sulfides.
Reprocessable and Chemically Recyclable Hard Vitrimers Based on Liquid‐Crystalline Epoxides
Authors: Trinh Thi En , Ku Kyosun , Yeo Hyeonuk
Published: December 2022

The rapid increase in demand for recyclable and reusable thermosets has necessitated the development of materials with chemical structures that exhibit these features. Thus, functional mesogenic epoxide monomers bearing both ester and imine groups that can be vitrimerized and recycled are reported herein. The compounds show mesophase characteristics at 100–200 °C and can be converted into hard epoxides by a common curing reaction. The obtained hard epoxides have high isotropic thermal conductivity (≈0.64 W m−1 K−1), which is derived from their highly ordered microstructures. The cured products can be easily reprocessed through imine metathesis and transesterification, and decomposed products can be obtained through imine hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions and subsequently be re‐cured. Surprisingly, recycled materials can be repeatedly reprocessed or chemically decomposed. The reprocessed materials retain the properties of their pristine counterparts, and the recycled products preserve the advantages of the hard thermosets without alteration to any of their unique properties. A dehydration reaction occurs between the residual hydroxyl groups during the re‐hardening, which dramatically increases the glass transition temperature by ≈60 °C. These reprocessable and recyclable vitrimers demonstrate the effectiveness and environmental friendliness of the molecular design strategy reported herein.
Epoxidation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes Triggered by Visible‐Light‐Driven Phenol Photooxidation for the Synthesis of Epoxy Dienone Products
Authors: Péault Louis , Rochelle Servane , Planchat Aurélien , Nun Pierrick , Le Grognec Erwan , Coeffard Vincent
Published: December 2022

This article describes a synthesis of epoxy dienone products starting from para‐substituted phenols bearing an electron‐deficient alkene at the meta position. This one‐pot photooxygenation/epoxidation transformation takes place at room temperature using catalytic amounts of Rose Bengal and cesium carbonate upon green light irradiation. This reaction provides access to a range of functionalized epoxy dienone products with diastereoisomeric ratios ranging from 4:1 to >12:1. DFT calculations and mechanistic experiments revealed that this reaction would proceed through singlet oxygen‐mediated photooxidation of phenols followed by an intramolecular oxygen atom transfer on the alkene side arm.

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A Hybrid SARIMA‐LSTM Model for Air Temperature Forecasting
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Yang Ning
Published: December 2022

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of air temperature forecasting, a temperature prediction model based on the hybrid SARIMA (seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average)‐LSTM (long short‐term memory) model is constructed. First, this method decomposes the temperature series into three series of trend, seasonal, and residual through seasonal‐trend decomposition procedure based on Loess decomposition method. It establishes SARIMA to predict the trend and seasonal series and extracts the linear information contained in the time series to the maximum extent. Then, the LSTM model is used to fit the residual series and the hidden nonlinear information is further extracted. Finally, the prediction results of two parts are added in series to obtain the prediction result of the final hybrid model. Three indexes, namely, root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error are evaluated to calculate the prediction accuracy about single models including ARIMA, SARIMA, and LSTM and the hybrid models ARIMA‐LSTM and SARIMA‐LSTM. Also the Kupiec index is used to show tail performance. The empirical results show that the SARIMA‐LSTM combination model is more accurate than the single prediction methods and other combination model. Its accuracy increases by 10.0–27.7%.
Scandium Nitride as a Gateway III‐Nitride Semiconductor for both Excitatory and Inhibitory Optoelectronic Artificial Synaptic Devices
Authors: Rao Dheemahi , Pillai Ashalatha Indiradevi Kamalasanan , Garbrecht Magnus , Saha Bivas
Published: December 2022

Traditional computation based on von Neumann architecture is limited by time and energy consumption due to data transfer between the storage and the processing units. The von Neumann architecture is also inefficient in solving unstructured, probabilistic, and real‐time problems. To address these challenges, a new brain‐inspired neuromorphic computational architecture is required. Due to the absence of resistance–capacitance delay, high bandwidth, and low power consumption, optoelectronic artificial synaptic devices are highly attractive. Yet, stable, scalable, and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible materials exhibiting both inhibitory and excitatory optoelectronic synaptic functionalities have not been demonstrated. Here, epitaxial CMOS‐compatible scandium nitride (ScN) optoelectronic artificial synaptic devices that emulate both inhibitory and excitatory biological synaptic activities are presented. The negative and positive persistent photoconductivity of undoped and magnesium‐doped ScN is equated to the inhibitory and excitatory synaptic plasticity, respectively, which leads to functionalities like learning–forgetting, frequency‐selective optical filtering, frequency‐dependent potentiation and depression, Hebbian learning, and logic‐gate operations. Temperature‐dependent photoresponse and photo‐Hall measurements reveal that scattering of photogenerated carriers from charged defect centers results in negative photoconductivity in undoped degenerate ScN. This work opens up the possibility of utilizing a group‐III epitaxial semiconducting nitride material with inhibitory and excitatory optoelectronic synaptic functionalities for practical neuromorphic applications.
Fabrication of a Hole‐Type Vertical Resistive‐Switching Random‐Access Array and Intercell Interference Induced by Lateral Charge Spreading
Authors: Kim Seung Soo , Yong Soo Kyeom , Kim Jihun , Choi Jin Myung , Park Tae Won , Kim Hyun Young , Kim Hae Jin , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: December 2022

A hole‐type vertical structure is adopted to fabricate a vertically stacked resistive switching random access memory (ReRAM) array. The vertical configuration is more advantageous in lowering the process cost and increasing integration density than the horizontal configuration. However, the memory cells constituting the hole‐type vertical‐ReRAM (V‐ReRAM) array can be short‐circuited if a middle electrode is introduced to stack a rectifying element onto the memory layer. Thus, a self‐rectifying Pt/Ta2O5/Al‐doped HfO2/TiN ReRAM is adopted in this study to prevent the sneak‐current and short‐circuit issues for efficient operation in vertical crossbar array configuration. A two‐ or three‐layer stacked V‐ReRAM is fabricated, and its electrical characteristics are evaluated. High switching uniformity and sufficiently large memory window and rectification ratio are acquired. The low operation power and high switching uniformity render this V‐ReRAM array suitable for high‐capacity storage devices. However, the on‐state data retention needs improvement. Detailed investigation of the three‐layer stacked device identifies that lateral charge spreading between neighboring cells in the V‐ReRAM causes such a problem, which can be mitigated by increasing the intercell distance.
Printing of Nano‐ to Chip‐Scale Structures for Flexible Hybrid Electronics
Authors: Christou Adamos , Ma Sihang , Zumeit Ayoub , Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: December 2022

Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) offers potential for fast computation and communication needed in applications such as human–machine interfaces, electronic skin, etc. FHE typically comprises devices that can vary from nano‐ to chip scale, and their integration using a common process is often challenging. Herein, a printed electronics route is presented to integrate the ultrathin chips (chip‐scale) and nanowires (NWs)‐based electronic layers (nanoscale) on the same substrate. The fabrication process is categorized into three stages: i) direct transfer printing of ultrathin chips (UTCs), ii) contact printing of nanoscale structures, and iii) metal printing using the direct ink write (DIW) method to define electrodes/interconnects. The UTC printing process is carefully optimized by studying the performance of transistors present on them. Electrical data collected from 14 transistors located on 3 different chips show negligible variation in performance after they are transfer printed—thus confirming the efficacy of the printing technique. The superior grade quality of ZnO‐NWs‐based electronic layers printed on the same substrate is also demonstrated by constructing UV photodetectors using DIW printing. The photodetectors show high responsivity (≈2 × 107 A W−1) and specific detectivity (≈5 × 1015 Jones) at a low UV intensity of 0.5 µW cm−2.
Molecular Catalyst with Near 100% Selectivity for CO2 Reduction in Acidic Electrolytes
Authors: Jiang Zhan , Zhang Zisheng , Li Huan , Tang Yirong , Yuan Yubo , Zao Jie , Zheng Hongzhi , Liang Yongye
Published: December 2022

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) in an acidic medium is conducive to the efficient utilization of CO2 by preventing the formation of carbonate/bicarbonate. However, acidic media are more favorable for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), resulting in unsatisfactory CO2RR selectivities. It is demonstrated that the molecularly dispersed electrocatalyst of β‐tetra methoxy‐substituted nickel phthalocyanine on carbon nanotubes (NiPc‐OMe MDE) can efficiently catalyze CO2RR in acidic media (pH 2 to 0.47) with Faradaic efficiencies of CO >98% over a wide range of current densities from −50 to −400 mA cm−2. It is found that the superior selectivity performance can be attributed to the presence of potassium ions, the high preference of CO2RR over HER on the active site, and few side reaction sites. The study illuminates the potential of molecular electrocatalysts for selective and rapid reduction of CO2 in acid media.
Recent Advances in Enzyme‐Based Biomaterials Toward Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Qi , Luo Zheng , Wu Yun-Long , Li Zibiao
Published: December 2022

Diabetic wound, also known as diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), is a form of chronic lesion that disrupts the patient's lifestyle and, in severe cases, may be fatal. Recent endeavors utilizing enzymes, particularly nanozymes in conjunction with other materials, have revealed the potential to treat diabetic wounds. Herein, the rational structural design of enzyme‐based biomaterials is summarized after presenting the types and processes of enzymes employed in diabetic wound healing, with the goal of better understanding the interaction between enzymes and other biological materials. The importance of enzyme catalytic activity, coupled with new therapeutic treatment strategies, is emphasized in the use of enzyme‐based biomaterials for diabetic wound healing. This review represents the most recent development in enzyme‐based biomaterials innovation for diabetic wound healing applications, and it can be used as a reference to guide other regenerative biomedicines from nanoenzyme biomaterials.
Interplay of the Staggered and Three‐Body Interaction Potentials on the Quantum Phases of a Spin‐1 Ultracold Atom in an Optical Lattice
Authors: Nabi Sk Noor
Published: December 2022

The interplay of the staggered and the three‐body interaction potentials on the quantum phases of a spin‐1 Bose Hubbard model using a mean field approximation (MFA) is studied. In the antiferromagnetic (AF) case, a smaller value of the staggered potential (SP) results in the charge and the spin density wave ordering along with the Mott insulator (MI) and the staggered superfluid (SSF) phases. While the competition between two types of the potential leads to the stabilization of the higher order MI and charge density wave (CDW) phases with increasing three‐body interaction strength. Further, the spin eigenvalue and nematic order parameters are calculated to scrutinize the spin singlet‐nematic formation in the MI and the CDW phases and spin population fractions to analyze the nature of the SSF phase. A signature of the spin density wave (SDW) pattern is also observed in the gapped phase lobes. In case of a purely three‐body interaction, the third and higher order insulating lobes become dominant with increasing staggered potential strength. Subsequently, all MFA phase diagrams are then nicely corroborated with the analytical results obtained using a perturbative expansion corresponding to the AF and ferromagnetic cases.
Pure Isotropic Proton NMR Spectra in Solids using Deep Learning
Authors: Cordova Manuel , Moutzouri Pinelopi , Simões de Almeida Bruno , Torodii Daria , Emsley Lyndon
Published: December 2022

The resolution of proton solid‐state NMR spectra is usually limited by broadening arising from dipolar interactions between spins. Magic‐angle spinning alleviates this broadening by inducing coherent averaging. However, even the highest spinning rates experimentally accessible today are not able to completely remove dipolar interactions. Here, we introduce a deep learning approach to determine pure isotropic proton spectra from a two‐dimensional set of magic‐angle spinning spectra acquired at different spinning rates. Applying the model to 8 organic solids yields high‐resolution 1H solid‐state NMR spectra with isotropic linewidths in the 50–400 Hz range.
Fluorogenic Granzyme A Substrates Enable Real‐Time Imaging of Adaptive Immune Cell Activity
Authors: Cheng Zhiming , Thompson Emily J , Mendive‐Tapia Lorena , Scott Jamie I , Benson Sam , Kitamura Takanori , Senan‐Salinas Ana , Samarakoon Youhani , Roberts Edward W , Arias Maykel A , Pardo Julian , Galvez Eva M , Vendrell Marc
Published: December 2022

Cytotoxic immune cells, including T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, are essential components of the host response against tumors. CTLs and NK cells secrete granzyme A (GzmA) upon recognition of cancer cells; however, there are very few tools that can detect physiological levels of active GzmA with high spatiotemporal resolution. Herein, we report the rational design of the near‐infrared fluorogenic substrates for human GzmA and mouse GzmA. These activity‐based probes display very high catalytic efficiency and selectivity over other granzymes, as shown in tissue lysates from wild‐type and GzmA knock‐out mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the probes can image how adaptive immune cells respond to antigen‐driven recognition of cancer cells in real time.
Tidal deformability of magnetized strange stars
Authors: López Pérez Samantha , Manreza Paret Daryel , Pérez Martínez Aurora
Published: December 2022

We explore the effects of the magnetic field on the gravitational wave signal of a binary system of neutron stars. First, we find the mass–radius relations for strange stars (SSs) and compare them with the theoretical and observational constraints from recent literature. Finally, we calculate the tidal deformability of magnetized SSs and constrain some parameters of our model.
Nudging green food: The effects of a hedonic cue, menu position, a warm‐glow cue, and a descriptive norm
Authors: Reinholdsson Tommy , Hedesström Martin , Ejelöv Emma , Hansla André , Bergquist Magnus , Svenfelt Åsa , Nilsson Andreas
Published: December 2022

Meat consumption is associated with both public health risks and substantial CO2 emissions. In a large‐scale field‐experiment, we applied four nudges to the digital menus in 136 hamburger restaurants. The nudges promoted vegetarian food purchases by either (1) changing the menu position of vegetarian food, or aligning vegetarian food with (2) a hedonic, taste‐focused nudge, (3) the warm‐glow effect, or (4) a descriptive social norm. These nudges were thus aimed to shift salience toward a certain goal or the salience of a specific alternative. Vegetarian food purchases were measured in two datasets analyzing if nudges affected customers' “route” to ordering vegetarian food (29,640 observations), and the total number of vegetarian food sold during the intervention (346,081 observations). Results showed that the position nudge affected customers route to buying vegetarian food. More specifically, making the “green category” more accessible made more customers order through that category. Interestingly, this did not affect the total number of vegetarian sales. However, results indicate that nudges that utilize the salience of goals, in particular hedonic goals, may have an overall positive effect on total vegetarian sales.
Controlled Production of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol in Cell Suspensions of Lepechinia meyenii Treated with Different Elicitors and Biosynthetic Precursors
Authors: Villa‐Ruano Nemesio , Hernández‐Silva Néstor , Varela‐Caselis Jenaro Leocadio , Alberto‐Ramirez‐Garcia Sergio , Mosso‐González Clemente
Published: December 2022

Lepechinia meyenii is a medicinal plant specialized in the biosynthesis of different types of antioxidants including the diterpenes carnosic (CA) acid and carnosol (CS). Herein we present the results of plant tissue culture approaches performed in this medicinal plant with particular emphasis on the generation and evaluation of a cell suspension system for CA and CS production. The effect of sucrose concentration, temperature, pH, and UV‐light exposure was explored. In addition, diverse concentrations of microbial elicitors (salicylic acid, pyocyanin, Glucanex, and chitin), simulators of abiotic elicitors (polyethylene glycol and NaCl), and biosynthetic precursors (mevalonolactone, geranylgeraniol, and miltiradiene/abietatriene) were evaluated on batch cultures for 20 days. Miltiradiene/abietatriene obtainment was achieved through a metabolic engineering approach using a recombinant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results suggested that the maximum accumulation (Accmax) of CA and CS was mainly conferred to stimuli associated with oxidative stress such as UV‐light exposure (Accmax, 6.2 mg L−1) polyethylene glycol (Accmax, 6.5 mg L−1) NaCl (Accmax, 5.9 mg L−1) which simulated drought and saline stress, respectively. Nevertheless the bacterial elicitor pyocyanin was also effective to increase the production of both diterpenes (Accmax, 6.4 mg L−1). Outstandingly, the incorporation of upstream biosynthetic precursors such as geranylgeraniol and miltiradiene/abietatriene, generated the best results with Accmax of 8.6 and 16.7 mg L−1, respectively. Optimized batch cultures containing 100 mg L−1 geranylgeraniol, 50 mg L−1 miltiradiene/abietatriene (95 : 5 %) and 5 g L−1 polyethylene glycol treated with 6 min UV light pulse during 30 days resulted in Accmax of 26.7 mg L−1 for CA and 17.3 mg L−1 for CS on days 18–24. This strategy allowed to increase seven folds the amounts of CA and CS in comparison with batch cultures without elicitation (Accmax, 4.3 mg L−1).