bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource theory of Kirkwood-Dirac imaginarity
Authors: Fan Yajing , Guo Zhihua , Liu Yan , Cao Huaixin
Published: July 2024

As an extension of classical probability distribution, the Kirkwood-Dirac distribution (KDD) was discussed by Kirkwood in 1933 and Dirac 1945, independently. Recently, it has been proved that nonclassical values (negative and non-real values) of the KDD have the ability of outperforming their classical counterparts in quantum computation, quantum measurement and so on. In this work, by dividing quantum states into KD-real (KD-free) and KD-imaginary (KD-resource) ones based on the KDD of a state, we establish a resource theory for KD-imaginarity with respect to a pair of bases (A, B), called the resource theory of Kirkwood-Dirac imaginarity. This theory is different from the resource theory of imaginarity of quantum states with respect to one basis A, where the free states are those that have real density matrices under the basis A.
Analytic soliton solutions to the shallow water dispersive long gravity wave equations: the first integral approach in nonlinear physics
Authors: Hussain Jobayer , Akbar M Ali , İlhan Onur Alp
Published: July 2024

In this article, we investigate the (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long water wave equation and the (1+1)-dimensional Phi-four equation, which describe the behavior of long gravity waves with small amplitudes, long wave propagation in oceans and seas, coastal structures and harbor design, effects of wave motion on sediment transport, quantum field theory, phase transitions of matter, ferromagnetic systems, liquid-gas transitions, and the structure of optical solitons. We use the first integral technique and obtain new and generic solutions for the models under consideration. By setting definite values for the associated parameters, various types of richly structured solitons are generated. The solitons include kink, flat kink, bell-shaped, anti-bell-shaped, and singular kink formations. These solutions allow for a profound understanding of the behavior and properties of the phenomena, offering new insights and potential applications in the associated field. The first integral technique is simpler, directly integrates the models, and the solutions offer clear insights into the underlying phenomena without requiring intermediate steps, making it widely applicable to various other models, including nonlinear equations and those that are challenging to solve using other standard techniques.
Nonreciprocal single-photon scattering mediated by a driven Λ-type three-level giant atom
Authors: Zhang Xiaopei , Li Haozhen , Zeng Ran , Hu Miao , Xu Mengmeng , Zhou Xuefang , Lan Yang , Xia Xiuwen , Xu Jingping , Yang Yaping
Published: July 2024

A waveguide-QED with giant atoms, which is capable of accessing various limits of a small one, provides a new paradigm to study photon scatterings. Thus, how to achieve nonreciprocal photon transmissions via such a giant atom setup is highly desirable. In this study, the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering characteristics of a double-driven Λ-type three-level giant atom, where one of the transition couples to a 1D waveguide at two separate points, and the other is driven by two coherent driving fields, are investigated. It is found that a frequency-tunable single-photon diode with an ideal contrast ratio can be achieved by properly manipulating the local coupling phases between the giant atom and the waveguide, the accumulation phase between the two waveguide coupling points, the Rabi frequencies and phase difference of the two driven fields. Compared to the previous single driving schemes, on the one hand, the presence of the second driving field can provide more tunable parameters to manipulate the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering behavior. On the other hand, here perfect nonreciprocal transmission for photons with arbitrary frequencies is achievable by tuning the driving phases while the two driving fields keep on turning, which provides an alternative way to control the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering. Furthermore, the results reveal that both the location and width of each optimal nonreciprocal transmission window is also sensitive to the driving detuning, and a single-photon diode with wide or narrow bandwidth can be realized based on demand. These results may be beneficial for designing nonreciprocal single-photon devices based on a double-driven giant atom setup.
Building imaginary-time thermal field theory with artificial neural networks*
Authors: Xu 徐 Tian 田 , Wang 王 Lingxiao 凌霄 , He 何 Lianyi 联毅 , Zhou 周 Kai 凯 , Jiang 姜 Yin 寅
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach in quantum field theories to estimate actions using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The actions are estimated by learning system configurations governed by the Boltzmann factor,

, at different temperatures within the imaginary time formalism of thermal field theory. Specifically, we focus on the 0+1 dimensional quantum field with kink/anti-kink configurations to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. Continuous-mixture autoregressive networks (CANs) enable the construction of accurate effective actions with tractable probability density estimation. Our numerical results demonstrate that this methodology not only facilitates the construction of effective actions at specified temperatures but also adeptly estimates the action at intermediate temperatures using data from both lower and higher temperature ensembles. This capability is especially valuable for detailed exploration of phase diagrams.
Albedo of crops as a nature-based climate solution to global warming
Authors: Lei Cheyenne , Chen Jiquan , Ibáñez Inés , Sciusco Pietro , Shirkey Gabriela , Lei Ming , Reich Peter , Robertson G Philip
Published: July 2024

Surface albedo can affect the energy budget and subsequently cause localized warming or cooling of the climate. When we convert a substantial portion of lands to agriculture, land surface properties are consequently altered, including albedo. Through crop selection and management, one can increase crop albedo to obtain higher levels of localized cooling effects to mitigate global warming. Still, there is little understanding about how distinctive features of a cropping system may be responsible for elevated albedo and consequently for the cooling potential of cultivated lands. To address this pressing issue, we conducted seasonal measurements of surface reflectivity during five growing seasons on annual crops of corn-soybean–winter wheat (Zea mays L.- Glycine max L. Merrill—Triticum aestivum L.; CSW) rotations at three agronomic intensities, a monoculture of perennial switchgrass, and perennial polycultures of early successional and restored prairie grasslands. We found that crop-species, agronomic intensity, seasonality, and plant phenology had significant effects on albedo. The mean ± SD of albedo was highest in perennial crops of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum; 0.179 ± 0.04), intermediate in early successional crops (0.170 ± 0.04), and lowest in a reduced input corn systems with cover crops (0.154 ± 0.02). The strongest cooling potentials were found in soybean (−0.450 kg CO2e m−2 yr−1) and switchgrass (−0.367 kg CO2e m−2 yr−1), with up to −0.265 kg CO2e m−2 yr−1 of localized climate cooling annually provided by different agroecosystems. We also demonstrated how diverse ecosystems, leaf canopy, and agronomic practices can affect surface reflectivity and provide another potential nature-based solution for reducing global warming at localized scales.
Sea-ice-loss slowdown modulates the sea surface salinification in the Kara–Laptev Seas since the 2008 summer
Authors: Yi Daling Li , Fan Ke , He Shengping , Wang Peng
Published: July 2024

Recent studies have revealed the slowed Arctic sea-ice loss, but its climate effect on the ocean system remains unclear. By examining reanalysis datasets, we illustrate a paradoxical regime shift characterized by sustained ice loss and surface salinification in the Kara–Laptev Seas (KLS) during boreal summer since 2008. A notable phase transition from surface freshening during one period (1997–2008) with rapid sea-ice melting to salinification during another period (2009–2020) with gentle sea-ice melting has been identified in the KLS. Using a mixed-layer salinity budget, we characterized quantitatively the role of ice melting in driving salinification across different seas. We show that the salinification observed post-2008 mainly arises from the weakened summer sea-ice-ocean freshwater input, particularly the localized reduction in ice volume during June–August. This recent salinification in the KLS likely maintains a relatively stable state in the thinner seasonal sea-ice prevailing in the new Arctic.
Dietary Anion Cation Difference in Ration of Transition Cows Kept under KPSBU and KPBS Cooperative Administration
Authors: Despal  , Genuisty H , Jelita E , Farras M N , Afifa N , Martha R. , Harahap A E , Anzhany D. , Rosmalia A , Afnan I M
Published: July 2024

Transition dairy cows often suffer from hypocalcemia metabolic disorders, commonly known as milk fever. The disorder can be mitigated through DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference) management. DCAD -50 mEq/kg in close-up cow’s ration facilitates Ca bone mobilization, while +50 mEq/kg in fresh cows supports the cow’s health. An explorative study has been conducted to monitor DCAD management of transition cows kept under KPSBU and KPBS cooperatives administration. Thirty dairy farmers in each area were observed for their cows’ DCAD status and performances. Descriptive and correlative statistics were used to characterize averages, ranges, and links between DCAD status and the cow’s performance. The results indicated that Napier grass and concentrate were used as the primary ration with an average proportion of 48% and 52%, respectively. Meanwhile, tofu waste and agriculture by-products were used as complementary feeds. The average ration contains 35% DM, 6.07% ash, 11% CP, 26.17% CF, 52.41% TDN. Only 43.75% in KPSBU and 86.67% in KPBS of pre-partum cows have negative DCAD, while 46.67% and 18.75% of post-partum cows in the consecutive area have positive DCAD. The average milk production was 17 and 14.67 l/day in KPSBU and KPBS, respectively. The occurrence of prepartum metabolic disorder cases was considerably high in both areas, but the post-partum incidence was found more often at KPSBU than at KPBS (46.67% vs 26.67%). The study concludes that the mismanagement of DCAD and feeding prepartum leads to a higher prevalence of metabolic disorders in transition cows and needs to be addressed seriously.
Yield Response and Nutrient Uptake of Shallots by Giving Ameliorants and Actinobacteria in Water Saturated Cultivation in Tidal Land
Authors: Haitami A. , Ghulamahdi Munif , Sopandie Didy , Susila Anas Dinurrohman , Lestari Yulin
Published: July 2024

The development of shallots in tidal land needs to be carried out considering the availability of land and the demand for shallots, which continues to increase, so it is necessary to develop suboptimal land. Adaptive shallot varieties and soil and water management are key to agricultural cultivation in tidal swamps. This research aimed to elucidate the production of Shallot of the Bima Brebes, Batu Ijo, and SS Sakato varieties through water-saturated cultivation in tidal land. This research was conducted in the tidal area of Mulyasari Village, Tanjung Lago District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, from April to June 2023. This study used a 2-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is the use of varieties (V): the Bima Brebes variety, the Batu Ijo variety, and the SS Sakato variety. The second factor was the applications of ameliorants and actinobacteria by coating (A): without ameliorants, actinobacteria, actinobacteria + manure, actinobacteria + manure + dolomite. The treatment combinations totalled 12 and were repeated three times, so there were 36 experimental units. The highest shallot productivity was obtained in treating actinobacteria + chicken manure + dolomite for the Bima Brebes variety, namely 8.42 tonnes/ha. Providing actinobacterial-enriched ameliorant affects the nutrient uptake of N, P, and K. Fe and Al can be chelated by providing actinobacterial-enriched ameliorant so that shallots can produce quite good production in tidal fields with water-saturated cultivation varieties.
The potential of velvet bean tempe to improve hematology and serum biochemical profiles in experimental rats
Authors: Damayanti A F , Astawan M , Wresdiyati T , Sardjono R E
Published: July 2024

In Indonesia, tempe is the second largest source of protein after rice. The main raw material for tempe is soybean, of which 70% is still obtained through imports. This has encouraged the necessity to explore Indonesia’s indigenous legume products. Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.) contains several bioactive components, is rich in minerals, and is composed of essential and non-essential amino acids, as well as essential and non-essential fatty acids. This study aimed to explore the potential of velvet beans as a substitute ingredient in tempe production. Parameters of serum biochemical profile and blood hematology of rats were used as scientific evidence that can support the purpose of this study. Protein quality was analyzed using the growth method in experimental rats. Three types of tempe were used as protein sources, namely soybean tempe (SBT), velvet bean tempe (VBT), and velvet bean-soybean combination tempe (VB-SBT). Protein quality analysis results show that VB-SBT has FCE, growth rate, and NPR values that were as good (p>0.05) as SBT. Analysis results of serum biochemical and hematological profiles indicate no abnormalities in rats fed with VB-SBT. These results suggest that the substitution of soybean with velvet bean can be applied in the tempe production process.
Rainfall anomaly response to ENSO and IOD teleconnections in the CORDEX-SEA simulations
Authors: Aminoto T , Faqih A , Koesmaryono Y , Dasanto B D
Published: July 2024

This study aims to assess the relationships between rainfall anomalies in Southeast Asia region and ENSO-IOD teleconnections in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment–Southeast Asia (CORDEX-SEA) multi-model simulations. The assessment process employed various statistical parameters, including standard deviation ratio, correlation, wavelet, and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The method involved a statistical comparison of Niño3.4 index measured from the models to the observations, spatial correlation of simulated precipitation anomalies with Niño3.4 index measured from the observations and from the models, and correlation between the first leading principal component of Niño3.4 with rainfall time-series. The same procedures were applied for IOD index. ERA5 and GPCP rainfall, and COBE sea-surface temperature datasets were used as references of comparison. The results showed that SEA rainfall anomalies in most CORDEX-SEA models displayed a varied response to Niño3.4 and IOD index. NorESM1-d model followed by GFDL-b exhibited the highest similarity to references (ERA5 and GPCP) in capturing SEA rainfall-Niño3.4/IOD connectivity.
The application of local probiotics on the organoleptic qualities of fermented sausages made from a combination of beef and jack bean flour
Authors: Lukman G L M , Arief I I , Wiryawan I K G , Budiman C , Abidin Z , Akbar M P R
Published: July 2024

Fermented sausage is produced from beef and jack bean flour. Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 was employed as a starter culture. This study aimed to assess the organoleptic properties and physical attributes of fermented sausages. Three replications of a completely randomized design were employed in this study. Fermented sausages were divided into two groups: P0 as a control (without starter culture) and P1 with 5% L. plantarum IIA-1A5. Examination of the physical properties of the fermented sausage samples, including emulsion stability, pH, aw, and water absorption capacity. The organoleptic qualities of the fermented sausage sandwiches were evaluated in terms of color, aroma, texture and taste. The study findings demonstrated that the addition of 5% L. plantarum IIA-1A5 influenced pH value and water absorption capacity without altering other physical and organoleptic properties.
A Survey of Digital Nudges for Fostering Responsible Consumption Behavior in Indonesia Digital Services
Authors: Asfarian A , Ramadhan D A , Sukmasetya P , Byputra F , Siregar R S , Ridha A , Kusumah F S F
Published: July 2024

Digital nudging is a promising method to promote responsible consumption habits in Indonesian society. This research aims to address a significant gap in knowledge about the adaptation and successful use of nudging techniques. This survey covers 15 of Indonesia’s most commonly used digital services, such as super applications, transport and navigation, shopping, food and drink, and grocery. The study identifies 16 digital nudges in these services, showing a notable trend in environmental efforts in the super app. These digital services include carbon offsetting, electric vehicle usage, recycling services, and reducing single-use cutlery. The study examines social responsibility methods on different platforms, such as promoting paperless transactions, environmental initiatives, and encouraging donations for social causes. The survey suggests incorporating digital nudges in transport, navigation services, shopping, and food and drink. This indicates a need for more implementation of digital nudges or a potential area for advancement in specific industries. Digital platforms are increasingly incorporating sustainability and social responsibility into their operations. The report ends with suggestions for future research, namely focusing on categorizing digital nudges, quantifying their utilization, and evaluating their influence on user behaviour.
Investigating Interest in Applying Computer Science for Agriculture Digitalization using the Individual Interest Questionnaire: A Survey to Computer Science Student
Authors: Asfarian A , Ridha A , Ramadhan D A , Giri E P , Sukmasetya P
Published: July 2024

This study explores how computer science students might utilize their talents to digitize the agriculture sector, aiming to enhance sustainable output and eliminate hunger. This study comprehensively analyzes 126 undergraduate students at IPB University using the Individual Interest Questionnaire technique. The poll showed that students have a modest interest in agriculture (rated 3.31 out of 5.00). However, their involvement with agricultural themes outside the classroom, like reading or viewing relevant media, is far below. Students are enthusiastic about case studies involving the application of computer science in agriculture in academic contexts (3.05). However, they are less interested in agriculture as a personal or career option (2.31 and 2.50, respectively). The results indicate that although computer science is appreciated in the digitalization of agriculture, students are more inclined towards academic curiosity rather than personal passion or professional aspirations in agriculture. The survey shows that students have a reasonable interest in agricultural issues, although participation in extracurricular agriculture-related activities may be significantly increased. The report suggests strategies for increasing involvement in higher education, such as introducing agri-tech courses, collaborating with industry, encouraging research, organizing contests, and promoting the integration of computer science with agriculture.
Effect of Cupric-Doped SrTiO3 Films on Optical Properties Using Spectrophotometry Method
Authors: Santi M A , Har N P , Jenie R P , Siskandar R , Syafutra H , Pratama E , Negara T P , Setiawan A A , Alatas H , Irzaman
Published: July 2024

Film Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) doping cupric (Cu2+) with various concentrations (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) was successfully synthesized using the Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method. The films were deposited above the Si type-p (1 0 0) substrate in five layers using a spin-coating technique (3000 rpm, for 60 s) at a concentration of 2 M. The annealing process was held at 850 °C for 8 hours with a temperature increase rate of 1.67 °C/min for crystallization, and the optical properties were characterized using spectrophotometric methods. The results of FTIR with the Kramers-Kroning quantitative method showed a decrease in the wavenumber of the phonon vibration mode Transverse Optic (TO), Longitudinal Optic (LO), and the intersection of the real and imaginary dielectrics, which showed a red shift with increasing Cu concentration. The optical properties of SrTiO3 films doped with Cu indicate their potential for applications in visible light photoconduction, such as light sensors.
Isolation of monosodium L-glutamate from chicken feather as a sweet sauce flavor
Authors: Wahdi E , Sjarief R , Mulatsih S , Tanjung D
Published: July 2024

Chicken feathers have a high protein content and glutamic acid that have the potential as a savory flavor (umami) in foodstuffs. The objective of this research is to isolate glutamic acid from chicken feathers to enhance the flavor of sweet sauce. Fifty grams of chicken feathers were hydrolyzed in 1000 ml NaOH 1.0%. The resulting hydrolysate underwent two treatments: 200 ml hydrolysate added with 100 ml keratinase 1% (P1) and 200 ml hydrolysate added with 100 ml pineapple extract (P2). Both treatments were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. A total of 300 ml products from both treatments were added to a mixture containing 750 g/l palm sugar, 25 g/l NaCl, and 37.5 g/l spices, then cooked for 10 minutes at 100°C. The resulting sauce was analyzed for glutamic acid content using HPLC method. The research indicated that 16.8% yield of glutamic acid can be isolated from hydrolyzed chicken feathers. Sweet sauce products P1 and P2 contain glutamic acid at 0.30% and 0.39%, and monosodium L-glutamate at 0.04% each. In conclusion, 16.8% glutamic acid can be extracted from chicken feathers and this product has proven to be suitable as a savory (umami) flavor enhancer for sweet sauce.
Quantification of Water Balance of Terraced Paddy Field in Northern Bali by Using Remote Monitoring
Authors: Saptomo S K , Setiawan B I , Arif C , Purwanto M Y J , Shinogi Y , Kubota J
Published: July 2024

This study is part of a sustainable water management research project, which explores how to manage water and land resources in a holistic way and enhance the interactions between humans, water and land. The objective of this research is the quantification of water balance in a terraced paddy field in mid-stream Saba Watershed, situated in the northern Bali, Indonesia, by using internet of things based remote monitoring. Observation was conducted by implementing monitoring system of weather, soil and water environment at a terraced paddy field. Water balance components values were determined by carefully analyzing observation data including soil moisture, rainfall, evapotranspiration, water level or water table, and then used to determined losses through seepage and percolation. Further, by examining the water balance and field data visually observed by remote camera data of site activity, the annual water balance quantity and water productivity of the site was estimated. The water balance components of rainfall, net Q, percolation, ET and field water storage change are : 7061mm, 2215mm, 7456mm, 1761mm and 60mm. Using 3 definitions for water productivity, the values are 0.887 kg/m3 (ET based), 0.230 kg/m3 (net Q based) and 0.145 kg/m3 (net Q + rainfall based).
Evaluation of Secang Wood Extract on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Food Supplement from Tuna Eyes Oil Emulsion
Authors: Sinulingga F , Trilaksani W , Safitri U D , Riyanto B , Fauziah S , Utami R
Published: July 2024

Fish oil from tuna processing by-products such as eyes is a major source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, ensuring the preservation of fish oil from oxidation in food necessitates the inclusion of antioxidants. Secang wood is well-known for its potent antioxidant properties. This study uses a mixture design method to evaluate food supplements made from tuna eye oil and secang wood extract. The research encompasses an examination of secang wood, tuna eye, tuna oil properties, and formulation characteristics optimized through mixture design. The analysis uncovered that tuna eyes oil contains an impressive 32.12% of DHA. Extract from the secang wood demonstrates an antioxidant activity of 5.08±0.21 ppm and a total phenol value of 2165.80±0.14 mg GAE/g. The ideal formulation consists of 39.98% tuna eyes oil, 21.68% secang wood, and 38.33% guar gum, resulting in a peroxide value inhibition of 63.72%. The most favorable pH and viscosity levels are attained at 3.10 and 478.76 cPs, respectively, with laboratory results closely matching at 3.27±0.9 for pH, 479±2.83 cPs for viscosity, and a DHA content of 5.63%. Notably, a 0.8% concentration of secang extract exhibits superior peroxide value inhibition compared to 0.2% ascorbic acid, highlighting its potential to enhance the quality of emulsion food supplements.
Optimization of pulsed electric field design for seafood products with salting process
Authors: Darmawan A , Wulandari N , Nurjanah S , Tri Sugiarto A , Kusumaningrum H D
Published: July 2024

Optimization of pulsed electric field (PEF) design is required for each type of seafood sample processed by the salting process. In this study, the design of the pulsed electric field used the trial and error method to determine the electric field generated by the electrodes to obtain valid values. The appropriate size and design of the components were also determined to meet sufficient reliability. The device was tested for conductivity in salt solutions of 5% (m/v) low, 15% (m/v) medium, and 20% (m/v) high and compared with aquades. The results showed that the salt content affected the conductivity measured at the cathode with a test time of 10 seconds to 30 seconds for each salt content. Reliability tests showed that the ignition coils and transistors used at the time of stage 2 design can operate properly for up to 100 minutes. However, if used for up to 120 minutes, it is damaged, so an evaluation is carried out to get a good PEF final design. The final design has a simple size and electrical output of 50 kV with a frequency of 10-1000 Hz.
Optimization of Chlorophyll Extraction from Dried Spirulina platensis Using Low Power Microwave Assisted Extraction Method
Authors: Orthesin N , Hidayat I T , Wahyuni W T , Syafitri U D , Herbani Y , Sari Y W
Published: July 2024

Chlorophyll extraction using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has several advantages such as fast, cost-effective, and able to result higher chlorophyll yield than any other extraction methods. Despite its numerous advantages, MAE method still suffers from a drawback related to the excessive heat generated by high power, leading to potential damage and a degradation chlorophyll yield. This research was conducted to evaluate the optimum formulation parameters for chlorophyll extraction using the Low Power Microwave Assisted Extraction (LP-MAE) method. The chlorophyll of dried Spirulina platensis was extracted following the I-optimal design. Extraction parameters to be optimized include the solvent type, soaking time, the power of microwave irradiation, and the solid-to-solvent ratio. The response parameters to be evaluated include the yield, viscosity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). We found that the highest yield of 5045.7 μg chlorophyll/g biomass was obtained from 90% methanol extraction following 1 h of soaking, irradiation power of 40 W for 5 mins, at the ratio of 1:20 (m/v). Under this condition, we observed that the viscosity of the solution was 7.6 x 10−3 Nms−2, and the total dissolved solid was 32 ppmml−1. In conclusion, chlorophyll is very susceptible to high temperatures, can be extracted using the Low Power Microwave Assisted Extraction (LP-MAE) method.
Automation of bull semen analysis through the development of a modular open technology device for cryopreservation
Authors: Prabaswara I D G W , Aryawan P O W , Haikal M , Akbar I , Jannah N , Ulum M F
Published: July 2024

Bull semen quality analysis is an important step before processing frozen semen for artificial insemination. Transportation from the shelter to the laboratory can reduce semen quality and kill the spermatozoa. This study aimed to develop a prototype that can automatically analyse bull semen quality using a modular open-technology device with multi-digital sensors that is comparable to standard laboratory measurements. The prototype components consisted of the following: (1) input: syringe as the semen container to be tested, do-it-yourself (DIY) water level sensor for volume measurement, Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) sensor for viscosity measurement, pH sensor for pH value measurement, and Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) for colour measurement; (2) process: Arduino Mega 2560 as a microcontroller; and (3) output: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 16x2 for displaying the measurement. The results showed that the coefficients of determination for the volume, TDS, and pH sensors were 1, 0.9993, and 0.9987, respectively. Data from the TDS and LDR sensor calibration results showed three viscosity levels (low: 300-599 ppm, moderate: 600-999 ppm, and high: 1.000-1.400 ppm) and three colour quality values (cloudy white: 40-59 Ω, milky white: 60-89 Ω, and creamy white: 90-130 Ω). The device developed was able to analyse semen quality in less than 5s and was displayed on an LCD screen.
Physical and chemical properties of boba beverages as a source of fiber made from red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii)
Authors: Amini R , Palupi E , Ekayanti I
Published: July 2024

One-third of the global population is overweight or obese due to excessive calorie intake. A viable solution to addressing this issue involves boosting the consumption of high-fiber foods. This can lead to prolonged satiety, reducing the individuals of frequent food consumption. This study introduced a novel high-fiber food option: boba made from red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii). The study investigated both the processing methodology of the red seaweed boba and its corresponding physical and chemical attributes. These included aspects such as color, viscosity, total phenol content, nutrient composition, shelf-life estimation, and microbial content analysis. These aspects were analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, a comparison of nutritional content with the Daily Dietary Recommendation, and microbiological tests. The total phenolic content of the developed boba was 79.8 mg.GAE/g, and it content high-fiber which contributing 36% of the recommended daily fiber intake for individuals aged 16-64 yo. Microbial content in the beverage is primarily responsible for its limited shelf-life (predicted at 26 hours). Nevertheless, the beverage could be well accepted as an alternative high-fiber food option.
Machine Learning Model to Determine Dominant Features in Palm Kernel Cake Quality
Authors: Irfansyah P , Purwanto Y A , Wijaya S H
Published: July 2024

Palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of palm oil production, has the potential to serve as a cost-effective alternative to traditional feed ingredients such as soybeans, owing to its nutritional value and affordability. However, its quality can vary significantly, impacting its suitability for different livestock. This study aims to develop a machine learning model to identify the dominant features influencing PKC quality using data from proximate analysis. Our model utilizes feature selection techniques and machine learning algorithms with a decision tree to determine the critical factors affecting key quality parameters, such as fat, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and ash. We explore the relationship between these features and PKC suitability for different animal diets. Our novel approach sheds light on the intricate factors governing PKC quality, enabling improved processing and utilization of this valuable resource.
Composite flour with modified cassava-chicken feet flour: impact on baking quality, texture, and sensory evaluation of gluten-free cupcakes
Authors: Hastati D Y , Nuraeni A , Febrinda A E , Listiasari F R , Kuntari W
Published: July 2024

Mocaf is the product of cassava flour modification through fermentation with lactic acid bacteria, is whiter, and contains less protein than cassava flour. Mocaf can be prepared from various cassava and has great potential as a wheat flour substitute. This study aims to obtain ready-to-cook composite flour based on mocaf and chicken feet flour. The chicken feet flour was used as a source of protein. Before mixing with all ingredients, the mocaf was heated with variation conditions, i.e., oven drier 125±1 °C for 30 min; microwave 50 ±1 °C for 20 sec; and pressure cooker 5-10 psi for 5 min. The synergetic effect of mocaf and chicken feet flour revealed an increased protein of 9.1 %. The overall acceptability score of the panelist’s acceptance for cupcakes made with microwave heat-treated mocaf flour was 7.35 compared to 6.90 for the control. The cupcakes’ density was 0.49 ± 0.06 mg/cm3, whereas the control cupcakes yielded little volume and dense textures. The best results suggested a composite flour of chicken feet flour with heat-treated mocaf in the microwave for 20 sec at 50 ±1 °C. This study presents an environmentally sustainable method for increasing the protein content of mocaf by utilizing underutilized high protein-based sources.
Algorithm Design for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sprayer using Pulse Width Modulation for Precision Farming
Authors: Sebayang B A , Solahudin M , Supriyanto
Published: July 2024

Fertilizer and pesticide are the common materials used in agriculture productions. Application of pesticide in open field cultivations using hand sprayer is thought for humans to be precise and causes the toxicity potential for operators. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with the precision spraying system are important as a cutting-edge technology to cope with this problem. However, there are still limitations UAV based sprayer with ability to adapt with the doze precisely based on the recommendations. The purpose of this study was to develop the design of algorithms for UAV sprayer using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). The accuracy of the spraying location and dose given is based on the treatment map. Artificial intelligence is used as a tool to translate land condition maps into treatment maps. The Kriging function in the smart map module in QGIS is used to produce a land conditions map into a treatment map with a grid size according to the working width of the sprayer. The result of this research is a smart spraying concept guided by a treatment map in Geo-Tiff format which has latitude, longitude and spray dose information stored in single band data.
Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin into Aromatic Monomers over Ru-Ni/TiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Idrus A , Rahmandari S , Ramadhoni B F , Maryati Y , Dwiatmoko A A , Agustian E , Widjaya R R
Published: July 2024

Lignin, a natural hydrocarbon polymer, can be converted into aromatic monomers via catalytic depolymerization. This study focuses on the lignin depolymerization into aromatic monomers through hydrogenolysis using bimetallic Ru-Ni supported on TiO2. TiO2 synthesis involves the hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide followed by modification with H3PO4:HNO3. TiO2 was impregnated with Ru and Ni at various ratios (5:0, 4:1, 2.5:2.5, 1:4, and 0:5). The characterization was performed using NH3 Temperature-Programmed Desorption (NH3–TPD), N2 physisorption, XRF, XRD, H2–TPR, and SEM analyses. XRD confirmed the presence of anatase TiO2 at 2θ = 25.28°, 38.02°, and 38.33°, while Ru was dispersed in TiO2, as supported by the SEM and XRF results. N2 physisorption showed a decrease in the surface area by 20.1–40.3 m2/g, with mesoporous characteristics (pore size: 1.7-24.4 nm) after impregnation. NH3-TPD results indicate that the metals ratio influences the acidity of the catalyst. GC-MS analysis of the depolymerization reaction for aromatic monomers showed optimal results over the Ru4Ni1/TiO2 catalyst, demonstrating selectivity and yield of 42.2% and 71 mg/g, respectively. This study highlights a promising avenue for lignin depolymerization through efficient catalyst design and process optimization.
Looking at the potential of HSP70 gene sequence in the germplasm of Indonesian green jungle fowl
Authors: Ulfah M , Alfiyan A , Perwitasari-Farajallah D , Farajallah A
Published: July 2024

It has long been known that the concentration of intracellular heat shock proteins will increase following stressful conditions, whether physical stress (heat, pH, osmotic), infection/infestation with parasitic organisms, or stress via neural pathways. The research aimed to characterize the Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) 70 gene in green jungle fowl (GJF) as a basis for germplasm sources in developing chickens resistant to heat stress. The sequence read archive (SRA) of GJF deposited in GenBank originating from Blora (Central Java), Banyuwangi (East Java), and Madura is called SRA data was compiled and aligned to the complete HSP70 gene from broiler chickens. The HSP70 gene segment in GJF is 2320 bp consisting of ‘5UTR (110 bp), CDS (1905 bp/635 aa) and 3’UTR (305 bp). The 5’UTR heterozygous condition was found in GJF Madura and Blora, each at one base position out of 110 bases, while the 3’UTR was found in GJF Madura and Blora also at four base positions out of 305 bases. Two differentiating bases exist between broiler chickens and GJF in the UTR area. Heterozygous conditions in the CDS area have 45 sites (from 1905 bp). The HSP70 sequence found in Indonesian green jungle fowl germplasm, especially in the gene control segments (5’UTR and 3’UTR), revealed promising therapeutic and agronomic potential.
An Artificial Neural Network Model for Predicting the Growth of Lettuce Crops in Hydroponic System with Root Zone Cooling
Authors: Ruslan  , Suhardiyanto H , Supriyanto
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to develop an artificial neural network model for predicting the growth of lettuce grown hydroponically. The model was developed using parameters including root zone temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, nutrient concentration, nutrient acidity, solar radiation, leaf area, and leaf number to estimate fresh weight in the next two days. The result of this study was an artificial neural network model with 13 hidden layers, 100 iterations of epoch, coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.93, and root mean squared error of 3.72 gram. This research concluded that the model performs well in predicting lettuce growth using fresh weight development during cultivation.
Analysis of Compliance with Green Building Based on Greenship of Existing Building: Case Study of Delta Building
Authors: Chadirin Y , Anwar M K , Fadillah R
Published: July 2024

Green building, as a sustainable building, has significant role in conserving the environment surrounding the campus by conserving water, improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and improving efficiency in the use of natural resources. Implementing green building principles into daily operation and maintenance of building can be significant contribution to mitigate the global warming effects. The objective of this study is to analyze the alignment of the Delta Building with the greenship standards for existing buildings, version 1.1, as set forth by green building council Indonesia. This standard was used as a rating tool to conduct an assessment that containing 6 categories. The Delta Building has implemented green building in 6 categories of greenship and resulted in 43 of 117-point. The point of acquisition of each category is as follows: appropriate site development (ASD) contributed 7 of 16-point, efficiency, and energy conservation (EEC) contributed 19 of-36point, water conservation (WAC) contributed 2 of 10-point, material resources and cycle (MRC) contributed 2 of 12-point, indoor health and comfort (IHC) contributed 11 of 20-point and building environment and management (BEM) contributed 2 of 13-point. Performance of WAC, MRC and BEM should be improved by building manager to increase point and elevate the rating.
Combining ability and heterosis of tropical maize under acidic soil conditions
Authors: Zendrato Y M , Suwarno W B , Marwiyah S
Published: July 2024

The selection of inbred lines by combining abilities is an essential step for developing maize hybrids under abiotic stress. This research aimed to estimate the combining ability and heterosis of tropical maize under acidic soil conditions. Six inbred parental lines were crossed using the incomplete half-diallel mating design method Griffing II and evaluated using an augmented RCBD with three blocks and six hybrid checks replicated across blocks. The results revealed that combining ability variances affect all traits of maize, except GCA in grain yield. P13, P42, and L15 tended to have the best GCA in agronomic and yield components. Meanwhile, SCA of L152 x L26 (G03), L15 x B4B (G05), L26 x P13 (G08), and P42 x L15 (G10) had a significant effect on yield and several agronomic traits, followed by high positive heterosis of the hybrids. Similar to combining ability, selection based on MGIDI suggested that L152 × L26 (G03) and L15 × B4B (G05) were the best hybrids, determined by grain yield and six other traits. These findings can be used in maize breeding programs to tolerate acidic soil conditions.
Sajira Flash Flood at January 2020: Analysis Its Prolonged Impact on Family Life Aspects
Authors: Sunarti E , Safitri N A , Fitriyah A F
Published: July 2024

Flash floods in Sajira Subdistrict, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, on January 1, 2020, had a negative impact on the lives of survivor families. This study aims to elaborate on economic pressure, food coping strategies, and subjective well-being in Sajira flash flood survivor families living in two temporary shelters with different environmental conditions (DBM=Desa Bungur Mekar is better than DP=Desa Pajagan). This study was conducted 15 months after the disaster using a cross-sectional design with a retrospective approach. The sampling frame was an intact survivor’s family, with the wife as the respondent. Sixty families were purposively selected for this study. Until 15 months post-disaster, survivor families were still living in temporary shelters. The results showed that families in DBM shelters had lower objective economic pressure and higher subjective well-being than those in DP shelters. Families in DBM shelters had fewer food coping strategies than those in DP shelters. Objective economic pressure, food coping strategies, family residence, wife’s years of education, and the number of family dependents influence the family’s subjective well-being. The condition of shelters can be used as a predictor of socioeconomic conditions and family welfare so that they can be used as a basis for handling disaster assistance.
Role of entrepreneurial ecosystems to productive entrepreneurship
Authors: Tapsi S A , Baga L M , Feryanto
Published: July 2024

The interplay among business owners and their environment shapes an entrepreneurial ecosystem that supports a successful business. This study proposes to identify essential entrepreneurial ecosystem elements and to analyze the dependency between entrepreneurial ecosystems and productive entrepreneurship in different categories of regions. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was imitated to observe scientific articles that related to research questions. Primarily, the articles have been published with an h-index to the obey robustness method that was sourced from Scopus, Google Scholar, Emerald, and ProQuest. Various sources have been used to avoid bias. The results show that the most essential elements of entrepreneurial ecosystems are culture, finance, and networks. Then, this study confirmed that entrepreneurial ecosystems influenced productive entrepreneurship directly and indirectly. The mediation variables are entrepreneurial attitudes and innovations. Given the findings, achieving productive entrepreneurship can strengthen entrepreneurial ecosystems through entrepreneurial culture, convenient access to finance, and building networking. Moreover, supporting systems to implement entrepreneurial attitudes and innovations are needed for intercession toward productive entrepreneurship.
Empowering Environmentally Friendly Farmer Communities: Social Innovation to Support Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Firmansyah A , Sumardjo  , Fatchiya A , Sadono D
Published: July 2024

This study aims to 1) analyze social innovations in empowering environmentally friendly farmer communities in Karawang Regency. 2) analyze the impact of environmentally friendly farmer communities on social, economic, and ecological aspects. 3) Analyzing the determining factors of program success. This research employs the social innovation analysis method through a combination of qualitative methods complemented by quantitative data, encompassing the fulfillment of community needs, the novelty element as a solution to community problems, the presence of social change, and the enhancement of community capacity. The study is situated in Plawad Village, Karawang Regency, and its findings reveal that social innovation positively impacts social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The program’s success is attributed to the participatory empowerment model, which influences the planning, implementation, execution, monitoring, and evaluation stages. Additionally, the capacity of change agents plays a pivotal role in cultivating community awareness, serving as a catalyst for the sustainability of this environmentally friendly agriculture.
Ecotourism: An alternative solution for socio-ecological crisis in Pahawang Island, Indonesia
Authors: Kristianto B , Novindra  , Sapanli K
Published: July 2024

Pahawang Island is one of the islands in Lampung Province that has high biodiversity but is very vulnerable to environmental issues. Pahawang Island has experienced severe ecological degradation due to exploitative and destructive economic activities that damaged its mangrove and coral reef ecosystems. Restoring the mangrove and coral reef ecosystems of Pahawang Island can be accomplished through ecotourism. The purpose of this study is to determine the economic value of ecotourism activities in Pahawang. The method used to analyze the economic value of Pahawang ecotourism is the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM). According to the findings of the analysis, Pahawang tourist attraction has an economic valuation of IDR 2,206,325,761.07 per year. This value indicates that this island has benefits as a producer of tourism services, where these benefits can be felt sustainably if the existence of the Pahawang tourist attraction area is maintained by preserving the various potential tourism resources within it, both natural, environmental, human as well as socio-cultural resources of the community.