bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Intravenous Methadone and Ketamine Combination versus Intravenous Morphine and Ketamine Combination for Post-Operative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Fracture Surgery
Authors: Wadhwa Anupama
Published: June 2021

Background: Pain management for lower extremity fracture surgeries can be challenging. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of ketamine and methadone are more effective than ketamine and morphine to reduce postoperative pain and morphine requirements in patients undergoing lower extremity fracture surgery. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients 18-65 years of age, ASA class I-III, were enrolled in this study, which scheduled for elective lower extremity orthopedic surgery involving fracture of femur or tibia were recruited for the study. Thirty-eight randomized to the Methadone group and 37 randomized into the Morphine group. Participants were randomized to either one of the two groups: methadone (2ug/kg fentanyl, 0.2 mg/kg ketamine and 0.2 mg/kg methadone IV) versus control (2 ug/kg fentanyl, 0.2mg/kg ketamine and 0.2 mg/kg morphine IV). The primary outcome was total morphine equivalent (MEQ) during the first 24 and 48 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores in PACU, at 24 and 48 hours, as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results: There was no difference in intraoperative consumption of fentanyl between the Methadone group 360mcg and Morphine group 344mcg. In the first 24 hours postoperatively, the Methadone group consumed less MEQ compared with the Morphine group (36.1 mg vs 54.8 mg, p=0.0072), showed lower pain scores than the Morphine group (p=0.0146), and experienced more nausea and vomiting than the Morphine group. There were no differences in sedation in both groups. Conclusion: The intraoperative use of intravenous methadone significantly reduced post-operative opioid requirement in patients undergoing lower extremity fracture surgery. The results also demonstrated the methadone group had a higher rate of PONV.
Hepatitis B Knowledge, Attitude and Vaccination Status among Nurses of Tamale Central Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Rauf Alhassan Abdul
Published: June 2021

Background: In our healthcare setting transmission of hepatitis B is a big challenge to handle for both patients and healthcare providers especially those in frequent contact with blood. Objectives: To determine Hepatitis B knowledge, attitude, and vaccination status among nurses of Tamale Central Hospital. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 20. Bivariate analysis was done using chi-square to determine the relationships. Results: The study recorded a response rate of 92.5%. Majority (59.6%) had high, 36.4% had moderate and 4.0% had low knowledge hepatitis B. Hepatitis knowledge level was associated with: age X2 (4) = 17.789, P= 0.001, sex, X2(2) = 13.203, P = 0.001, educational level, X2(6) = 17.552, P = 0.007, nursing category, X2(4) = 19.226, P = 0.001, and duration of nursing practice X2(2) = 19.492, P ≤ 0.001. About 42.9% had positive attitude toward hepatitis B prevention and attitude level towards hepatitis B was associated with: marital status X2(1) = 11.090, P = 0.001, residential address X2 (2) = 11.411, P = 0.003 and duration of nursing practice X2(1) = 4.769, P = 0.029. About 84.8% of nurses started vaccination against hepatitis B and 77.3% completed at least three doses of the vaccination. The only factor with a statistically significant relationship with vaccination completeness status was respondent marital status X2(1) = 8.063, P = 0.005. Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge of hepatitis B was very good. And more than half of the nurses had a negative attitude towards hepatitis B prevention. In terms of vaccination more than three-fourth of them started and completed three doses of hepatitis B vaccination.
The Effect of non-Surgical Periodontal Treatments on the Severity of Arthritis Rheumatoid
Authors: Atabati Elham
Published: June 2021

Background: periodontal disease with alveoli bone degeneration and losing teeth is seen in many people, including those with arthritis rheumatoid. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatments on the severity of arthritis rheumatoid. Methods: this randomized control clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients who concurrently had arthritis and mild to moderate periodontitis. Patients divided into three groups of 20 subjects (group C had tooth cleaning and antibiotic therapy, group B had only tooth cleaning and group A was control). DAS28 questionnaire was filled out for all three groups at the beginning of the study. After ending the treatment and improvement, patients were examined in days 45 and 90 in terms of improvement indicators for arthritis rheumatoid. Data were finally analyzed by SPSS18. Results: the highest reduction rate of ESR, DAS28, CRP and RF was in different time periods in tooth cleaning intervention +antibiotic group and then, teeth cleaning group. The lowest reduction was seen in control group. RF, CRP and DAS28 indices showed significant differences in different time periods in tooth cleaning group and tooth cleaning+ antibiotic group (P<0.05). Conclusion: non-surgery periodontal treatment and RA indices, without considering the medicines used for treatment, had positive effect on the treatment of this disease.
The Sleep Modeling in the Human Organism
Authors: Vincze Janos
Published: June 2021

There are three alternating states of vigilance throughout our lives: wakefulness, NREM, and REM sleep. We usually yawn before falling asleep. Yawning is an ancient reaction, an instinctive action, manifested in a person by drowsiness or boredom. Yawning is often associated with the need for stretching. Yawning is a less strong territorial reflex. During deep sleep muscular tone is sharply reduced. Relaxation of the muscles and the lowering of their tone, howeever, are not constant and necessary components of sleep. Analysis of EEG recordings soon revealed that sleep is by no means a uniform process, but can be divided into at least two sharply separated states: one is characterized by slow waves in the EEG that are completely separate from the activity of wakefulness: this so-called slow wave sleep; the other is the so-called paradoxical sleep. Hypnopedia, as a discipline, deals with the input of fixed information introduced during the period of natural sleep, also known as sleep learning. Our hypnopedia researches was a pleasant surprise, because they were able to reproduce texts they did not know with an efficiency of approx. 25%.
ENSINO DE NANOCIÊNCIA E NANOTECNOLOGIAS NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Carlos Alberto da Silva Júnior , Cristhian Rafael Lopes Francisco , Dosil Pereira de Jesus , Rosiane Lopes da Cunha
Published: June 2021

A Nanociência e a Nanotecnologia (N&N) estão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano e têm se destacado em diversas áreas científicas e tecnológicas. A integração desta temática na educação possibilita o desenvolvimento de abordagens interdisciplinares numa diversidade de assuntos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão da literatura nacional quanto à produção científica no ensino de N&N. Dentre outros aspectos relevantes, este tipo de análise bibliométrica torna-se meritória na idealização e na implementação de novas políticas públicas. Neste contexto, é importante destacar que a utilização da perspectiva Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade-Ambiente (CTSA) auxilia no desenvolvimento social, crítico e científico dos discentes. Metodologicamente a seleção documental, de caráter qualitativo, foi realizada em obras publicadas entre 2006 e agosto de 2020, coletados através das bases de dados SciELO, Google Acadêmico e Web of Science. No total, oito trabalhos foram selecionados, os quais atendiam aos critérios de seleção da pesquisa. Em geral, infere-se que há pesquisas que propõem atividades extracurriculares e experimentos na síntese de nanopartículas, bem como outras que realizam a análise de conteúdo do discurso, tanto de discentes quanto de docentes, por meio de questionários. Concluiu-se que a abordagem de N&N no ensino ainda é escassa no Brasil. Sendo assim, faz-se necessário que mais estudos sejam concretizados para embasar essa crescente temática. Palavras-Chave: Ensino de nanotecnologia, nanociência, nanopartículas, revisão sistemática, CTSA.
AULA OU BRINCADEIRAS? A UTILIZAÇÃO DE JOGOS DIDÁTICOS PARA O ENSINO DE EVOLUÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO FILOGENÉTICA DE VERTEBRADOS
Authors: Wallace Figuerêdo Barboza , Dan Vitor Vieira Braga
Published: June 2021

A Teoria da evolução é a base do ensino de Biologia, incorporando a ideia de que todos os organismos do planeta, incluindo espécies extintas e os seres humanos, compartilham ancestrais comuns em algum nível do passado da Terra. Isto tornou a sistemática filogenética uma ferramenta para a análise de padrões evolutivos dos seres vivos que se conectam ao longo de sua história, bem como, subsidiou a classificação dos seres vivos. Porém, é uma das principais dificuldades levantadas pelos alunos ao estudar Biologia, devido a grande diversidade de organismos estudados e a quantidade de termos técnicos a eles associados. Acredita-se que a implantação de novas práticas educativas pode auxiliar o processo ensino-aprendizagem de Biologia. O objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver e aplicar jogos didáticos como ferramentas inovadoras no ensino do conteúdo de Vertebrados e sua classificação. O presente estudo foi aplicado em uma turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola Estadual de Referência em Ensino Médio que ainda não haviam vivenciado esse conteúdo. Com intuito de ministrar uma aula usando metodologias inovadoras através de atividades lúdicas para o ensino do conteúdo de vertebrados, foi aplicado como plataforma de aula três jogos didáticos. Um dia após a aula, foi aplicado um questionário de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, usando questões de múltipla escolha, questões abertas e de verdadeiro ou falso abordando o conteúdo “Vertebrados”. Desta forma, avaliaram-se os conhecimentos dos alunos e como o jogo didático pôde ter influenciado no processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Baseado nos dados obtidos observou-se que, apesar do preconceito inicial externalizado, os alunos obtiveram bons resultados com a aplicação do jogo, levando em conta que ainda não haviam visto o conteúdo, e que o jogo didático surtiu efeito positivo no processo ensino aprendizagem baseado nas colocações feitas pelos discentes que gostaram da metodologia.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA COBERTURA VEGETAL NO PROCESSO DE EROSÃO E DEGRADAÇÃO DO SOLO NO ENSINO DA GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Leonardo Nogueira de Sá , João Paulo Angelo Leite , Gilson Brandão da Rocha Filho
Published: June 2021

O solo é algo extremamente necessário para todos os seres vivos do planeta, pois o mesmo permite a manutenção do ecossistema terrestre. Devido ao solo, as plantas absorvem seus nutrientes para sobreviverem no qual o mesmo é essencial para o nascimento e crescimento das plantas, assim como, os seres vivos dependem dele indiretamente para sobreviverem. A referente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a importância da cobertura vegetal para o meio ambiente, tanto para nós seres humanos como para os solos de maneira geral, destacando as formas de degradação do solo e expor aos discentes a sua importância. Diante disso, é necessário um cuidado especial, poluir o solo e o desmata-lo prejudica o seu desenvolvimento, assim como, a fauna e flora de uma região. O solo desprotegido pode sofrer com as ações de desestruturação e desagregação ocasionada pela exposição direta aos raios solares, assim como os impactos das gotas de chuva resultando em erosões. É notório que a cobertura vegetal mantém a sustentabilidade da terra e mantém a umidade do solo, ajudando na decomposição e aumentando a matéria orgânica e nutrientes da terra. O solo serve como proteção e moradia para inúmeras espécies de animais e microrganismos, e a partir dele que os vegetais se desenvolvem fornecendo fonte de energia a toda a cadeia alimentar, garantindo a sobrevivência de diversas espécies. O solo é um componente da paisagem de grande valor para a existência dos seres vivos, porém o ensino deste assunto não vem recebendo a devida importância nas escolas e pouco abordado. Esse estudo tem um enorme valor, pois além de desenvolver o aprendizado sobre a importância dos solos, promove a conservação.
TECNOLOGIA DIGITAL NA EDUCAÇÃO: O USO DE SMARTPHONES EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Hêza Ariadne Dos Santos Souza , Luiza Carla Carvalho Siqueira
Published: June 2021

A Ciência permite a apreensão do mundo, proporcionando o aparecimento de novas tecnologias que contribuem no desenvolvimento político, social e econômico de uma sociedade. Para isso é necessário repensar a forma tradicional de ensinar, no cenário escolar os dispositivos móveis com conexão sem fio, como os smartphones, trazem novas possibilidades na educação. Pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas para demonstrar como as tecnologias digitais podem ser utilizadas na escola, a fim de motivar e viabilizar melhores resultados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. A educação é sem dúvidas uma ferramenta indispensável para a formação de cidadãos, pois é por meio desta que se adquire conhecimento. Diante da necessidade de implementação de ferramentas que visem facilitar a aprendizagem, este estudo tem como objetivo validar o impacto de uma proposta de uso de smartphones em sala de aula no rendimento dos estudantes. Este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, de natureza aplicada do tipo exploratória, dois questionários foram desenvolvidos e aplicados: um para os discentes e um outro para o docente. Ambos foram aplicados via aplicativo multiplataforma de mensagens. Os resultados obtidos mostram o perfil dos alunos bem como suas afinidades com o uso de dispositivos móveis e seu uso no cotidiano, com diversas finalidades desde o entretenimento até estudo. Ao passo que o professor demostra as vantagens e desvantagens dessas ferramentas quanto ao seu uso, bem como a relação da utilização de tais dispositivos e recursos necessários. Concluindo que é perceptível que os smartphones são um dos elementos que vêm sendo inseridos mais cedo e estão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano de crianças e adolescentes. Eles apresentam grande potencial de apoio ao ensino e aprendizagem, pela mobilidade e disponibilidade para busca e acesso a informações e materiais multimidiáticos disponíveis na internet, contudo essa alternativa é pouco aproveitada por estudantes e professores nas escolas brasileiras.
Structure and expression analysis of TaGW5 in common wheat
Authors: Ding Puyang , Ma Jian , Yang Yujie , Luo Wei , Zou Yaya , Li Ting , Mu Yang , Tang Huaping , Lan Xiujin
Published: June 2021

OsGW5 (OsGSE) regulates cell proliferation and is involved in regulating grain size and thousand-grain weight in rice. Our knowledge about its wheat ortholog TaGW5 is limited. In the present study, we characterized the structure and expression of TaGW5 at molecular level in wheat and predicted the cis-elements and transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) of its promoter. The GW5 orthologs in barley (HvGW5), rice (OsGW5), Triticum turgidum L. (TtGW5) and Brachypodium distachyon (BdGW5) were also identified for comparative analyses. TaGW5 was mapped onto the short arms of group 1 chromosomes (1AS, 1BS, and 1DS). Multiple alignments indicated GW5 possesses three exons and two introns in all the analyzed species except for rice and the exon-intron junction composed of exon 2 and intron 2 was highly conserved. GW5 has a conserved domain (DUF 4005) and two neighboring IQ domains and was mainly expressed in wheat young spikes, in barley immature inflorescences and in rice anthers. Drought, heat and biotic-stress treatments had no significant effects on HvGW5 and TaGW5 expression. Significant correlation between the expression patterns of predicted transcription factor ABF2 and OsGW5 was also detected. Taken together, these results broaden our understanding of GW5 in wheat, barley and rice and will be helpful for further manipulating GW5 and uncovering its roles in plants
ammistability: R package for ranking genotypes based on stability parameters derived from AMMI model
Authors: Ajay B. C. , Aravind J. , Fiyaz R. Abdul
Published: June 2021

Selection of genotype for target environment is affected by genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) and AMMI model is widely used tool to analyse GEI. AMMI does not quantify stability measure making it difficult to rank genotypes. To overcome this lacuna AMMI model output is used to quantify stability measures and rank genotypes. Of several stability measures available in literature, only AMMI stability value (ASV) is implemented in package ‘agricole’ and others have not been implemented in any other R packages. ‘ammistability’ uses output from ‘AMMI’ function in ‘agricolae’ package and computes various stability parameters for AMMI model. Further, genotypes are ranked on the basis of simultaneous selection of yield and stability (SSI). Package also helps to study association among several stability measures.
De novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of the codon usage bias of the MADS-box gene family in Cymbidium kanran
Authors: Yang Boyun , Luo Huolin , Tao Yuan , Yu Wenjing , Luo Liping
Published: June 2021

Cymbidium kanran is an important commercially grown member of the Chinese orchid family. However, little information regarding the molecular biology of this species is available. In this study, the C. kanran root, shoot, stem, leaf, and flower transcriptomes were sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq 4000 system, which resulted in 8.9 Gb of clean reads that were assembled into 74,620 unigenes, with an average length and N50 of 983 bp and 1,640 bp, respectively. The screening of seven databases (NR, NT, GO, KOG, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, and InterPro) for similar sequences resulted in the functional annotation of 49,813 unigenes. Additionally, 173 MADS-box genes, which help to control major aspects of plant development, were identified and their codon usage bias was analyzed. Only 26 genes had a low ENC (less than or equal to 35), suggesting the codon usage bias was weak. Base mutations were the major determinants of codon usage, although natural selection pressure also influenced codon usage bias. Moreover, 22 optimal codons were identified based on ΔRSCU, and 20 codons ended with A/U. The results of this study provide the foundation for the molecular breeding of new varieties
Gpc-B1 mediated grain protein enhancement in wheat is compatible with high grain weight at moderated yield thresholds
Authors: Singh Charan , Srivastava Puja , Sharma Achla , Kaur Harinderjeet , Sohu V. S. , Bains N. S.
Published: June 2021

A set of 94 BC2F7 lines (BC RILs), selected for presence of Gpc-B1 gene from the cross Glupro/3*PBW568 were evaluated for morpho-physiological characters including yield and its components, grain protein content, grain zinc and iron concentration for two seasons. Gpc-B1 mediated grain protein enhancement as influenced by combination of other agronomic traits was studied through inter-trait correlations. Grain protein content was positively correlated with plant height (r=0.552**, 0.676**) and 1000-grain weight (r=0.257**, 0.287**) in both years. Lines with high yield conferring combinations of yield components showed lower grain protein content. The results showed that there were no constraints for combining grain weight with Gpc- B1 mediated proteins enhancement provided yield moderation can be exercised. Grain protein contents showed significant and positive correlation with grain zinc (0.557**, 0.764**) and iron concentration (0.542**, 0.595**) indicating that Gpc-B1 mediated enhancement in protein content and not just presence of Gpc-B1 was necessary. Zinc and iron concentration were also positively associated with each other (0.567**, 0.648**).
A genome-wide resource of intron spanning primers compatible for quantitative PCR and intron length polymorphism in rice
Authors: Sonah Humira , Ram Hasthi , Singh Bikram Pratap , Katara Jawaharlal , Chopra Radha , Kumar Pankaj , Jaiswal Rajdeep , Geetika Geetika , Deshmukh Rupesh
Published: June 2021

Whole genome sequence availability in rice has provided several advantages for genomics as well as other omics assisted applications. Genome-wide molecular markers are one of such availability that has exceptional importance in modern plant breeding. In the present study, a resource of intron-spanning primers (ISPs) was developed using whole genome sequence information of two rice subspecies, japonica (cv. Nipponbare) and indica (cv. 93-11). The ISPs were designed in a way that the PCR using a cDNA template will yield 60 to 100 base pair size amplicon ideal for the quantitative PCR analysis. Whereas, PCR using genomic DNA will amplify the introns, which are more prone to sequence variation. The sequence variation in the intron serves as an excellent marker resource. The application of ISPs was demonstrated by characterizing 12 diverse rice cultivars. A total of eight out of ten ISPs were found to be polymorphic. The resource will be helpful for the rice molecular biologist and breeder community.
Karyomorphological studies in three species of the genus Phlogacanthus Nees occurring in Assam
Authors: Das Bandana Nabis , Boro Neetumalata
Published: June 2021

The genus Phlogacanthus Nees belonging to the family Acanthaceae is an important ethnomedicinal genus of North Eastern part of India. The present study was undertaken to study the karyomorphology in the genus Phlogacanthus Nees comprising of three species of this taxon from Assam viz., Phlogacanthus thrysiflorus Nees, Phlogacanthus curviflorus (Wall.) Nees and Phlogacanthus jenkinsii C.B. Clarke. The amitotic preparations were done following the standard procedure for preparing of chromosomes. Cytotaxonomical features and karyomorphology were studied karyotype and counting of P. curviflorus and P. jenkinsii have been done.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of potato germplasm for potato cyst nematode resistance
Authors: Sudha R. , Mhatre Priyank Hanuman , Lekshmanan Divya K. , Venkatasalam E. P. , Bairwa Aarti , Bhardwaj Vinay , . Dalamu , Sharma Reena
Published: June 2021

Potato cyst nematode (PCN) is considered to be the most devastating pest causing major yield losses in potato worldwide. Resistant potato cultivars would be the most effective strategy to control PCN however, they may not posses enough resistance to all pathotypes of PCN. Therefore breeding programme should focus on developing varieties with horizontal resistance which can be achieved by using parental lines with multiple resistant genes. Hence, the present study was conducted to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of parental lines against PCN and also an attempt was made to find out the pollen viability of the parental lines to improve the breeding efficiency. Sixty six genotypes were screened phenotypically as well as genotypically against PCN. Out of which, 54 lines were found phenotypically resistant to G. rostochiensis, 48 to G. pallida and 44 to both the species of PCN. The same set of parental lines was also validated using linked molecular markers. In molecular characterization, the markers linked with H1 gene (TG689 and 57R) were found in majority of the parental lines screened. Marker SPUD 1636 linked to GPa5 QTL was positive for three genotypes whereas HC marker (GPaVvrn QTL) was positive for 30 parental lines. TG432 linked to Grp1 gene is positive for 27 parental lines whereas the marker Gro 1-4-1 is not amplified in any of the screened parental lines. Pollen viability of parental lines varied from 15.8 to 93.6%. The results of the study will facilitate breeding of novel resistant varieties by efficient selection of ideal male parent with good pollen potential and multiple resistance to several PCN pathotypes.
Cloning and abiotic stress responsive expression analysis of Arginine decarboxylase genes in contrasting rice genotypes
Authors: Thomas Sini , Krishna G. K. , Yadav Pragya , Pal Madan
Published: June 2021

Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) is the first enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis in plants, an important mediator of abiotic stress tolerance. Two genes OsADC1 and OsADC2 were found to be differentially expressed under various abiotic stresses namely salinity, drought, low temperature and high temperature. Significant differences in gene expression were found among contrasting rice genotypes Nerica-L-44 (NL44; tolerant) and Pusa Sugandh 2 (PS2; sensitive). Among the homologs, OsADC2 was induced frequently in abiotic stresses with a higher transcript level than OsADC1. When the stress dependent gene expression was estimated relative to control conditions, PS2 showed a significant and higher level of induction. The estimation of relative gene expression between genotypes for each stress in all shoot tissues showed significantly higher level of expression in NL44 than PS2. In roots, the stress induced expression was higher in the sensitive genotype PS2. Construction of phylogenetic tree provided an insight on the evolution of OsADC gene from lower to higher organisms. The OsADC2 gene was found to be highly diverged from OsADC1 as well as from the counterparts of related and distant taxa. The analysis of amino acid sequence identified the conserved substrate binding, cofactor binding and dimerisation domains essential for enzyme activity.
AMMI and GGE biplot analysis to evaluate the phenotypic stability of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of peanut under mid-season water stress conditions
Authors: Ajay B. C. , Chikani B. M. , Gor H. K. , Lal Chuni
Published: June 2021

In a two-year experiment 186 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from TAG-24 and TMV-2NLM cross were grown under water stress (WS) and without water stress (WWS) to identify stable high yielding genotypes and genotypes with high WUE using SLA, SCMR or WSD under drought. Genotypes PBS-40107, PBS-40110, PBS-40114, PBS-40117, PBS-40152, PBS-40159 and PBS-40521 had high yield under both WS and WWS conditions. Mean values for SCMR and WSD increased under WS whereas SLA, HI, PY and KY increased under WWS condition. Genotypes PBS-40616 and PBS-40110 were identified as stable high yielders by AMMI, GGE and simultaneous selection index (SSI) and could be cultivated under drought stress and alternatively could be used in breeding programs.
Variation for seed protein and ODAP content in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) germplasm collections
Authors: Rajendran Karthika , Sarker Ashutosh , Singh Murari , El-Moneim Ali M. Abd , Nakkoul Hani
Published: June 2021

Development of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) varieties with low seed anti-nutritional factor, β-N-Oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP) content but with high seed protein content would be beneficial for human consumption. In this study, a total of 702 germplasm accessions, from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria, were grouped into seven sets of trials based on their origin, and evaluated for seed ODAP content and seed protein content at two experimental sites, Tel Hadya and Breda over eight years. Significant genotypic differences were found for both the traits in all the germplasm sets except for seed ODAP content in BANG1 and ETH1. The effects associated with genotype × year within locations interactions were larger than genotypic effects for seed protein content in all the germplasm sets except ICARDA and for seed ODAP content in all the sets except ICARDA and PAK. The highest range was found for seed protein content (28.82-30.72%) in ICARDA germplasm set and for seed ODAP content in ETH2 (0.32-0.47%) and PAK (0.38-0.53%) germplasm sets. On the basis of best linear unbiased predictor values, new promising sources with low seed ODAP content such as ILG468, ILG1934, ILG1950 and ILG1951 and for high protein content such as ILG311, ILG670, ILG688, ILG691 and ILG708 and were identified for future grass pea breeding.
Physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional quality analysis of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes
Authors: Wadbok Rani , Noren S. K. , Mayank Rai , Wricha Tyagi , Khanna V. K.
Published: June 2021

Aromatic rice constitutes a small but an important sub-group of rice. These are rated best in quality and fetch much higher price than high quality non-aromatic rice in international market. In spite of their importance, pace of improvement of this group of rice has been rather slow. Quality rice are characterized by not only aroma but also by several other traits like grain length and width, elongation after cooking, amylose content, gelatinization temperature etc. Grain quality in rice is very difficult to define with precision as preferences for quality vary from country to country and region to region in a country. The concept of quality varies according to the ways of preparations for which the grains are to be used. Although some of the quality characteristics desired by grower, miller and consumer may be the same, yet each may place different emphasis on various quality characteristics of rice. Physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional quality of 32 genotypes of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) were analysed. A total of ten quality parameters related to grain were estimated and three nutritional estimation were also carried out using standard protocols. Maximum variations among the genotypes were observed for amylose content (AC), kernel length (KL), gel consistency (GC), carbohydrate content (CC) and protein content (PC). AC ranged from 2.97% to 20.60%, GC from 20.31 mm to 86.49 mm, CC from 29.83% to 82.18% and PC from 2.35% to 11.69%. In terms of nutritional quality analysis, Ja-Pnah (82.18%) followed by IC-465275 (81.55%) recorded the highest carbohydrate content. CT3-D-4 (11.69%) recorded the highest protein content whereas IC 137342 (0.99%) recorded the highest fat content. The promising genotypes identified in this study by emphasizing upon genotypes for various grain quality and nutritional traits can be utilized according to the choice of the breeder in further improvement of aromatic rice.
Molecular diversity analysis and DNA fingerprinting of cotton varieties of India
Authors: Santhy V. , Meshram M. , Santosh H. B. , Kranthi K. R.
Published: June 2021

Genetic diversity was assessed in 48 popular varieties of tetraploid cotton from each cultivated zone of India using 68 SSR markers distributed across linkage groups. The markers produced a total of 144 alleles with an average of 2.19 per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.04 to 0.57 with a mean of 0.23 indicating lesser diversity in the studied material. Jaccard’s similarity index based neighbourhood joining cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into three major clusters, each of which was further classified into sub-groups. Inconsistencies were observed between the clusters and known pedigree of the cultivars. A narrow genetic base was also revealed among the cotton cultivars. The SSR markers revealed a genetic similarity of 73% among the varieties studied. The DNA fingerprint developed using a selected set of 14 markers showed a probability of identical match of 2.47×10-3 with high goodness of fit (r2=0.86). The identified markers have great potential in DNA fingerprinting in cotton which in future could be integrated with DUS data descriptors for effective cultivar identification and differentiation.
Deciphering the unique SNPs among leading Indian tomato cultivars using double Digestion Restriction Associated DNA sequencing
Authors: Bodanapu Reddaiah , Vasudevan Sreehari V. , Chakravartty Navajeet , Lalam Krishna , Lekkala Sivarama Prasad , Kuriakose Boney , Bhanot Chetan , Kokkonda Navitha , Thomas George , Gupta Saurabh , Lachagari Vijaya Bhasker Reddy
Published: June 2021

World-wide grown and consumed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is used as model crop for newcultivar and fruit development. Genetic and genomic studieson Indian tomato cultivars will provide an insight that will enable development of breeding strategies and crop improvement. The present study aims to identifythe high quality common and unique SNPs and INDELs, present in 9 different Indian tomato cultivars using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). A total of 36.8 million raw reads were generated for selected cultivars and an average of 94% high-quality reads of each were uniquely aligned to the reference tomato genome (SLv3.0). Out of 6,957 SNPs and188 INDELs, we found 1,165 SNPs and 68 INDELs in genic regions. The genetic relationship among these cultivars suggested 4well-differentiated groups of cultivars. Similarly, 7 and 33 SNPs were identified in chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of tomato. SNPs markers were identified for common and specific genes associated with different pathways and their gene ontology (GO) annotated. These SNPs/INDELs could be useful as markers for variety identification for genetic purity analysis. Findings from this work will be useful to the research community, particularly, plant breeders, as a resource for SNP marker development.
Genetic analysis for resistance to leaf curl disease in Chilli Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) under specific situations
Authors: Maurya Pradeep Kumar , Srivatstava Arpita , Mangal Manisha , Talukdar Akshay , Mondal Bikash , Solanki Vikas , Khar Anil , Kalia Pritam
Published: June 2021

Leaf curl is a serious viral disease of chilli caused by a group of bigomoviruses dominated by chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLcv). With the aim to study the mode of inheritance of the ChiLcv disease resistance, a resistant genotype DLS-Sel.10 was crossed with a susceptible genotype Phule Mukta and F1, F2, B1 and B2 generations were developed. The parents along with the segregating generations were screened under natural conditions as well as challenged inoculation with viruliferous whiteflies carrying predominant ChiLcv.PCR amplification of viral genome-specific marker confirmed the presence of virus in all the tested plants however, only susceptible plants produced symptoms. The F1 plants showed susceptibility under both natural and challenged inoculation conditions indicating that the resistance is of recessive nature. On Chi-square test, it was found that susceptible and resistant plants of the two F2populations segregated in a ratio of 3 susceptible : 1 resistant plants and the B2 population derived from DLS-Sel.10/Phule Mukta//DLS-Sel.10 segregated in a ratio of 1 resistant : 1 susceptible plant suggesting that the Chilcv is goverened by a single recessive gene. The findings of this study will help in breeding for ChiLcv resistance in Chilli.
Evaluation of influence of different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on efficiency of hairy root induction in Rauwolfia serpentina
Authors: Bhagat Pratima , Verma Sachin Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar , Aseri Gajendra Kumar , Khare Neeraj
Published: June 2021

An improved protocol was established for hairy root induction in Rauwolfia serpentina using two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes MTCC 532 and 2364. Hairy root induction efficiency was standardized based on infection time, co-cultivation period, OD600 and acetosyringone concentration. Higher transformation efficiency was established using MTCC 532 (31%) and MTCC 2364 (24%) with 30 min infection time, 72 h co-cultivation period and 0.6 OD600. Transformation efficiency was further enhanced to 55 % with 125 μM acetosyringone. MTCC 532 was proven a better strain over the MTCC 2364 in all the tested factors. Putative transgenic hairy roots were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using rolA specific primers. Biomass of randomly selected 5 hairy root lines was also significantly enhanced. No significant difference of growth was recorded among the lines except line no 4. In the present study, an enhanced system for Agrobacterium rhizogenesmediated hairy root culture was established which offer an effective means to attain improved transformation efficiency and ultimately beneficial for the industrial scale in vitro production of the secondary metabolite.
Genetic insights into fatty acid components of traditional Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces from Chhattisgarh
Authors: Sahu Parmeshwar K. , Mondal Suvendu , Sharma Deepak , Sao Richa , Kumar Vikash , Das Bikram K.
Published: June 2021

Knowledge about the contents and type of fatty acids (FAs) in rice bran is beneficial, particularly from a nutritional and health standpoint. An experiment was conducted to assess the genetic variability and diversity for FA components in 215 rice landraces during kharif 2015 and kharif 2016 by following the RCB design with two replications. Palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) were the major fatty acids ranging from 12.59% to 20.25%, 37.60% to 49.17% and 31.55% to 44.67%, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in all the FA components except for linolenic acid. Results showed that environmental factors play a significant impact on the expression of FA contents. Fatty acid components showed intermediate to low genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, intermediate to high heritability and low to moderate genetic advance as percent of the mean. Oleic acid content was negatively correlated with palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linoleic acid contents. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis discriminated the 215 rice landraces into five main groups with a major contribution of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid contents. Landraces Kadamphool, Ratanchudi and Bathrash possessed the highest amount of oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio. Information generated through this study will be functionally useful in developing rice varieties having high-quality bran oil.
Morphological and molecular characterization of teosinte derived maize population
Authors: Kumar Amarjeet , Singh N. K. , Adhikari Sneha , Joshi Anjali
Published: June 2021

Germplasm enhancement seems to be an essential part of a breeding programme to improve resiliency, adaptability and productivity of the crops. To develop and diversify the maize germplasm, teosinte a wild relative of maize was integrated in crossing programme and BC1F4 lines were developed. Five BC1F4 lines along with teosinte and maize inbred DI-103 were characterised using quantitative characters and molecular markers. Morphological characterization was done with the help of visual parameters and quantitative traits and for molecular characterization fifty six SSR markers were used. SSR data were analysed with the help of software Mapmaker and twelve linkage groups were generated. Maximum allelic contributions from parent teosinte were found in the introgressed line AM-5 (53.4%) followed by AM-12 (48.9 %), whereas, least contribution of 34.1 % was found in AM-7. The maximum genetic distance among the introgressed lines was observed between AM-2 and AM-9 (0.75) followed by AM-2 and AM-7 (0.70), AM-7 and AM-9 (0.70). The maximum number of cob was found in AM-5 (5.00) followed by AM-2 (4.00). Grain yield per plant was found highest for AM-2 (100.00 g) followed by AM-12 (80.00 g), while, least value was observed for AM-7 (42.00 g). The results indicated differential parental contributions which leads to diversification in the progenies derived from diverse crosses in maize and further opined that such crosses seems to be essential for creating adapted germplasm to whom breeders are looking for.
R1-nj expression in parental inbreds as a predictor of amenability of maize hybrids to R1-nj-based doubled haploid development
Authors: Khulbe R. K. , Pattanayak A. , Panday Vivek
Published: June 2021

The current method of doubled haploid (DH) development in maize involves in vivo production of haploids using R1-njbased haploid inducer lines that upon use as male render a small fraction of seed in the pollinated female ears haploid. Identification of haploid seed relies on R1-nj marker expression in the endosperm and embryo, and the degree of its expression determines efficiency of DH development process. In the present study, R1-nj expression in the endosperm was characterized in crosses of CIMMYT’s R1-nj-based haploid inducer TAILP1 with a set comprising 18 early maturity hybrids and their 23 parental inbreds. Kernel colour inhibition was observed only in a small proportion of the hybrids and inbreds. Comparison of R1-nj expression in the hybrids and their parental inbreds revealed a distinct pattern, which may be useful in identifying source populations and/or determining parental constituents for synthesizing source populations with predicted amenability to doubled haploid development using R1-nj-based haploid inducers. However, deviation from the pattern was noted in hybrids involving inbreds with higher degree of colour inhibition, which suggests complex nature of R1-nj phenotype expression and necessitates further investigation involving larger sets of germplasm for dissecting the role of maternal and paternal genetic factors in determining R1-nj phenotype expression. The hybrids found exhibiting complete kernel anthocyanin expression in present study can be used directly as source populations for DH development using R1-nj based haploid inducers. Besides, since the inbreds used in the study have originated from and/or are accessible to CGIAR/NARS maize breeding programmes, the information on their kernel anthocyanin expression can be helpful in selection of source populations or generating new source populations amenable for DH development using R1-nj based haploid inducers.
Evaluation of activation tagged rice mutants for variability in response to Meloidogyne graminicola under challenged inoculation
Authors: Hatzade Bhupal , Sreevathsa Rohini , Kumar Udaya , Rao Uma
Published: June 2021

Activation tagging is one of the most preferred strategies
in functional genomics. The major advantage of the
technique is the development of variability to a particular
character(s) in a single genetic background based on the
site of T-DNA integration. The understanding of resistance/
susceptibility mechanism portrayed by the mutants and
identification of the genes responsible for the respective
trait has always been a lucrative option for crop
improvement. In rice, Meloidogyne graminicola has
emerged as one of the major nematode pests and a main
constraint for yield losses. The activation tagged rice
mutants developed depicted a range of phenotypic
variations with respect to panicles, height, flowering time,
seed colour etc. Further, evaluation of the response of
selected 16 activation tagged rice mutants to deliberate
challenging with M. graminicola under pot culture studies
showed a large variation in the ability of the nematode to
infect these mutants. Among them, five mutants (lines 8, 9,
10, 11 and 15) portrayed a resistant response by producing
least number of galls ranging from 1.5 to 2.6 galls per plant
whereas wild type and other mutants were moderately
susceptible (5 to 8.10 galls per plant) to M. graminicola.
Corroborately, the multiplication factor of M. graminicola in
resistant mutants was significantly less ranging from 0.64
to 1.71 as against 6.36 to 17.43 in wild type and other
susceptible mutants due to reduction in total endoparasites
and nematode fecundity. This variability towards the
nematode challenge can be very useful in deciphering the
molecular mechanisms of underlying responses, which can
be exploited for breeding resistant rice varieties against
this serious pest.
Deploying inter-specific recombinant inbred lines to map QTLs for yield-related traits in soybean
Authors: . Yashpal , Rathod D. R. , Chandra Subhash , Kumar Anil , Yadav Raju Ratan , Talukdar Akshay
Published: June 2021

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and analyses were conducted for yield and six yield-related traits in soybean using 184 inter-specific recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross involving wild type (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) accession DC2008-1 and cultivated (Glycine max L. Merr.) variety DS9712. A Linkage map of 1639.55 cM length was constructed with 167 SSR markers (65.65% polymorphism) with an average marker interval of 9.82 cM. Using three years phenotypic data 34 QTLs were mapped for 7 traits using Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping approach. The number of QTLs mapped for a trait varied from year to year, however, QTLs for days-to-50% flowering (qDFF5), 100-seed weight (qHSW9-1, qHSW9-2 and qHSW19) and yield (qYLD17) were mapped consistently over the three years of testing. Identified QTLs were validated through single marker analysis in 92 germplasm lines. The study demonstrated the potential of wild type soybean to harness QTLs for yield-related traits. The identified QTLs could be utilized for genetic improvement of soybean through molecular breeding.
Identification of QTLs for seed viability in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill]
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Talukdar Akshay , Yadav Raju R. , Poonia Shatakshi , Ranjan Rumesh , Lal S. K.
Published: June 2021

Soybean seed loses viability rapidly during ambient storage in tropical and sub-tropical climate. Understanding genetic mechanisms would enable enhancing storage life of seeds through breeding approach. In this study, attempt was made to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling viability of seeds using an inter-specific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and SSR markers. Significant variation was observed among the RILs for seed viability after one and two years of ambient storage. RILs with more than 90% seed viability after two years of storage were identified. Genetic polymorphism among the RILs was very high (52.9%). Two QTLs viz., qSv2.1 and qSv14.1 were mapped on Chromosomes, 2 and 14 after one year of storage that explained 10.65% and 5.35% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Two more QTLs viz., qSv2-1 and qSv14-1 were mapped for seed viability after two years of storage of which qSv2.1 (PVE=6.0%) was consistent and the qSv14.1 (PVE=8%) was novel. QTL and linked markers identified in the study would be useful in soybean breeding for enhancing seed viability during ambient storage.
Significance of seed trichome micro-morphology in systematic treatment of Abelmoschus-Hibiscus complex
Authors: Patil Pravin , Malik S. K. , Bhat K. V.
Published: June 2021

Indian sub-continent is rich in genetic diversity of various species of genus Abelmoschus and Hibiscus. Several of these species exist in wild, semi-wild and cultivated forms due to favorable eco-geographical conditions. Seed morphology (especially trichome structure) of Malvaceae members is known to be diverse, but variation patterns have never been critically studied in these complex genera. In the present paper usefulness of this important character for the generic differentiation between Abelmoschus (13 species) and Hibiscus (10 species) using scanning electron microscopy of seed has been described. Primary generic differentiation has been derived using basic seed trichome morphology i.e. unicellular (un-fused) and multi-cellular (fused) which was spiral or non–spiral, spread evenly or localized in all the studied taxa. The presence of unicellular and un-fused trichomes on seed coat surface in the Abelmoschus species provides an additional and significant micro-morphological differentiation to delineate the boundaries between genus Abelmoschus and Hibiscus.