bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined Colloid Preload and Crystalloid Coload Versus Crystalloid Coload During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tawfik Mohamed Mohamed , Tarbay Amany Ismail , Elaidy Ahmed Mohamed , Awad Karim Ali , Ezz Hanaa Mohamed , Tolba Mohamed Ahmed
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND:

The optimal strategy of fluid administration during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery is still unclear. Ultrasonography of the inferior vena cava (IVC) has been recently used to assess the volume status and predict fluid responsiveness. In this double-blind, randomized controlled study, we compared maternal hemodynamics using a combination of 500-mL colloid preload and 500-mL crystalloid coload versus 1000-mL crystalloid coload. We assessed the IVC at baseline and at subsequent time points after spinal anesthesia.

METHODS:

Two hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II parturients with full-term singleton pregnancies scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either 500-mL colloid preload followed by 500-mL crystalloid coload (combination group) or 1000-mL crystalloid coload (crystalloid coload group) administered using a pressurizer. Ephedrine 3, 5, and 10 mg boluses were administered when the systolic blood pressure decreased below 90%, 80% (hypotension), and 70% (severe hypotension) of the baseline value, respectively. The IVC was assessed using the subcostal long-axis view at baseline, at 1 and 5 minutes after intrathecal injection, and immediately after delivery; the maximum and minimum IVC diameters were measured, and the IVC collapsibility index (CI) was calculated using the formula: IVC-CI = (maximum IVC diameter – minimum IVC diameter)/maximum IVC diameter. The primary outcome was the total ephedrine dose.

RESULTS:

Data from 198 patients (99 patients in each group) were analyzed. The median (range) of the total ephedrine dose was 11 (0–60) mg in the combination group and 13 (0–61) mg in the crystalloid coload group; the median of the difference (95% nonparametric confidence interval) was −2 (−5 to 0.00005) mg, P = .22. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the number of patients requiring ephedrine, the incidence of hypotension and severe hypotension, the time to the first ephedrine dose, and neonatal Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes. The maximum and minimum IVC diameters in each group increased after spinal anesthesia and after delivery, and they were larger in the combination group. The IVC-CI after delivery was higher in the crystalloid coload group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The combination of 500-mL colloid preload and 500-mL crystalloid coload did not reduce the total ephedrine dose or improve other maternal outcomes compared with 1000-mL crystalloid coload. The IVC was reliably viewed before and during cesarean delivery, and its diameters significantly changed over time and differed between the 2 groups.
Neuraxial Anesthesia in Children With Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts
Authors: Longhini Anthony B. , Cheon Eric C. , Hajduk John , Bowman Robin , Birmingham Patrick K.
Published: February 2018

Neuraxial anesthesia has been demonstrated to be safe and effective for children undergoing subumbilical surgery. There is limited evidence regarding the safety of neuraxial anesthesia in pediatric patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We evaluated a series of 25 patients with indwelling ventriculoperitoneal shunts for complications within 30 days of any procedure performed with a neuraxial technique. One patient required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision 5 days after a lumbar catheter placement. The neurosurgeon determined the revision to be likely unrelated to the patient’s lumbar catheter. Concerns about the use of neuraxial anesthesia in patients with an indwelling ventriculoperitoneal shunt may be overstated.
Adjustable delivery of pro-angiogenic FGF-2 by collagen-alginate microspheres
Authors: Ali Zaheer , Islam Anik , Sherrell Peter , Le-Moine Mark , Lolas Georgios , Syrigos Konstantinos , Rafat Mehrdad , Jensen Lasse D.
Published: February 2018

Therapeutic induction of blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) in ischemic tissues holds great potential for treatment of myocardial infarction and stroke. Achieving sustained angiogenesis and vascular maturation has, however, been highly challenging. Here we demonstrate that collagen:alginate hydrogels containing therapeutic, pro-angiogenic FGF-2, and formulated as microspheres, is a promising and clinically relevant vehicle for therapeutic angiogenesis. By titrating the amount of readily dissolvable and degradable collagen with more slowly degradable alginate in the hydrogel mixture, the degradation rates of the biomaterial controlling the release kinetics of embedded pro-angiogenic FGF-2 can be adjusted. Furthermore, we elaborate a microsphere synthesis protocol allowing accurate control over sphere size, also a critical determinant of degradation/release rate. As expected, alginate:collagen microspheres were completely biocompatible and did not cause any adverse reactions when injected in mice. Importantly, the amount of pro-angiogenic FGF-2 released from such microspheres led to robust induction of angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos similar to that achieved by injecting FGF-2-releasing cells. These findings highlight the use of microspheres constructed from collagen:alginate hydrogels as a promising and clinically relevant delivery system for pro-angiogenic therapy.
ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated CCCH protein necessary for DNA lesion-induced S-phase arrest
Authors: Noguchi Aya , Adachi Shungo , Yokota Naoto , Hatta Tomohisa , Natsume Tohru , Kawahara Hiroyuki
Published: February 2018

ZFP36L2 promotes the destruction of AU-rich element-containing transcripts, while its regulation and functional significance in cell cycle control are scarcely identified. We show that ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated CCCH protein whose abundance is regulated post-translationally at the respective stages of the cell cycle. Indeed, ZFP36L2 protein was eliminated after release from M phase, and ZYG11B-based E3 ligase plays a role in its polyubiquitination in interphase. Although ZFP36L2 is dispensable for normal cell cycle progression, we found that endogenous ZFP36L2 played a key role in cisplatin-induced S-phase arrest, a process in which the suppression of G1/S cyclins is necessary. The accumulation of ZFP36L2 was stimulated under DNA replication stresses and altered interactions with a subset of RNA-binding proteins. Notably, silencing endogenous ZFP36L2 led to impaired cell viability in the presence of cisplatin-induced DNA lesions. Thus, we propose that ZFP36L2 is a key protein that controls S-phase progression in the case of genome instability.
Exercise Training in “At-Risk” Black and White Women: A Comparative Cohort Analyses
Authors: BOWDON MEGAN , MARCOVITZ PAMELA , JAIN SUSANNA K. , BOURA JUDITH , LIROFF KAITLIN G. , FRANKLIN BARRY A.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Few data on the effect of exercise interventions in black women at risk for cardiovascular disease are available.

Methods

Women ≥18 yr of age without known cardiovascular disease with ≥1 coronary risk factor were enrolled in a community-based exercise program ≥3 d·wk−1 for ≥30 min per session for 6 months. Exercise training intensity ~50% to 80% of functional capacity, using heart rate (HR) and/or rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as the primary intensity modulators. Preconditioning versus postconditioning quality of life assessments (depression and level of daytime sleepiness), dietary fat intake, Duke Activity Status Index score, changes in cardiovascular efficiency (systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), HR, RPE during a standardized submaximal workload), and anthropometric measures, including body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference, were evaluated.

Results

Of 556 volunteers, 143 were excluded, leaving 413 women (222 white, 191 black; mean ± SD age, 61 ± 9 yr) who met compliance criteria. Both groups demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) postconditioning decreases in body mass index, waist circumference, resting SBP/DBP, and total and LDL cholesterol, and reductions in HR, SBP/DBP, and RPE at a fixed submaximal workload, and in fat screener, depression, and sleep scores. Duke Activity Status Index scores increased significantly (P < 0.0001) for both groups, signifying increases in self-reported functional capacity. Although 87 women (21%) experienced a musculoskeletal injury/discomfort during the program, there were no exercise-related cardiovascular events.

Conclusions

A progressive moderate-to-vigorous exercise intervention without preliminary exercise testing elicited comparable improvements in coronary risk factors, anthropometric and quality of life measures, and cardiovascular efficiency in “at-risk” black and white women. These adaptations were achieved at exercise levels below those recommended in contemporary physical activity guidelines.
Predicting Diaphyseal Cortical Bone Status Using Measures of Muscle Force Capacity
Authors: HIGGINS SIMON , SOKOLOWSKI CHESTER M. , VISHWANATHAN MEGHA , ANDERSON JESSICA G. , SCHMIDT MICHAEL D. , LEWIS RICHARD D. , EVANS ELLEN M.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) is often used as a surrogate for the forces applied to bones during physical activity. Although MCSA is a strong predictor of cortical bone status, its use makes assumptions about the relationship between muscle size and force that are inaccurate. Furthermore, to measure MCSA and other muscle force surrogates typically requires expensive and/or radiative laboratory equipment. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether clinical laboratory– and field-based methodologies for measuring muscular force capacity accounted for similar variance in diaphyseal cortical bone status as a commonly used muscular force surrogate, MCSA, at the midtibia in young men and women.

Methods

Healthy young adults (n = 142, 19.7 ± 0.7 yr old, 52.8% female) were assessed via peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the midtibia for cortical bone status and MCSA. Muscle force capacity was measured via Biodex dynamometer, Nottingham leg extensor power rig, and Vertec vertical jump. Regression analysis compared the independent variance predicted by each muscle force measure with that of MCSA, accounting for relevant confounders.

Results

MCSA, knee extension peak torque, and peak anaerobic power from vertical jump were independent predictors of select cortical structural outcomes (cortical thickness and area, periosteal and endosteal circumference, and estimated strength) accounting for up to 78.4% of the variance explained (all P < 0.05). However, cortical volumetric bone mineral density was unrelated to any measure or surrogate of muscle force capacity.

Conclusions

MCSA is a strong independent predictor of cortical bone structure; however, both laboratory- and field-based measures of peak torque and/or peak anaerobic power are promising alternatives, explaining similar and sometimes greater variance than MCSA.
Progress and challenges in TB vaccine development
Authors: Voss Gerald , Casimiro Danilo , Neyrolles Olivier , Williams Ann , Kaufmann Stefan H.E. , McShane Helen , Hatherill Mark , Fletcher Helen A
Published: February 2018

The Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine can provide decades of protection against tuberculosis (TB) disease, and although imperfect, BCG is proof that vaccine mediated protection against TB is a possibility. A new TB vaccine is, therefore, an inevitability; the question is how long will it take us to get there? We have made substantial progress in the development of vaccine platforms, in the identification of antigens and of immune correlates of risk of TB disease. We have also standardized animal models to enable head-to-head comparison and selection of candidate TB vaccines for further development.  To extend our understanding of the safety and immunogenicity of TB vaccines we have performed experimental medicine studies to explore route of administration and have begun to develop controlled human infection models. Driven by a desire to reduce the length and cost of human efficacy trials we have applied novel approaches to later stage clinical development, exploring alternative clinical endpoints to prevention of disease outcomes. Here, global leaders in TB vaccine development discuss the progress made and the challenges that remain. What emerges is that, despite scientific progress, few vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials in the last 5 years and few vaccines in clinical trials have progressed to efficacy trials. Crucially, we have undervalued the knowledge gained from our “failed” trials and fostered a culture of risk aversion that has limited new funding for clinical TB vaccine development. The unintended consequence of this abundance of caution is lack of diversity of new TB vaccine candidates and stagnation of the clinical pipeline. We have a variety of new vaccine platform technologies, mycobacterial antigens and animal and human models.  However, we will not encourage progression of vaccine candidates into clinical trials unless we evaluate and embrace risk in pursuit of vaccine development.
Case Report: Tibial and fibular osteochondroma as an unusual cause of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Authors: Mariúba Jamil Victor de Oliveira , Sobreira Marcone Lima , Yoshida Winston Bonetti , de Oliveira Mariúba Eduardo Savio , Rollo Hamilton de Almeida , Moura Regina , Bertanha Matheus , Jaldin Rodrigo Gibin , Pimenta Rafael Elias Farres , de Camargo Paula Angeleli Bueno , Secondo Mariana Thais Silva
Published: February 2018

Background: Osteochondroma, or osteocartilaginous exostosis, is the most common benign neoplasm of bone, and accounts for 20-50% of all benign tumors. Vascular complications associated with osteochondromas are rare, and include pseudoaneurysm formation, vessel occlusion and vessel displacement. To date, only two cases of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) caused by an isolated fibular osteochondroma have been reported.

Case Report: This report describes a unique case of PAES. A 33-year-old woman had a history of multiple osteochondroma, including of the proximal tibia and fibula on the left, diagnosed at age two years and monitored clinically by an orthopedist. The patient presented at our facility with a one-year history of a progressive intermittent claudication, left-sided toe pain and pallor in cold weather. After a complete evaluation, we diagnosed an arterial occlusion of the left popliteal artery. We tried several attempts of revascularization, by different forms, without success. The case went to amputation surgery.

Conclusion: We consider this an important case because, although the association of osteochondroma and PAES is rare, physicians should consider it early to avoid acute vascular complications. Moreover, to date, we believe this is the first description of a PAES related with multiple osteochondroma.
ДЕЗОРГАНИЗАТОРЫ ВРЕМЕНИ И МОТИВАЦИОННАЯ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТЬ У СОТРУДНИКОВ ПРАВООХРАНИТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНОВ
Authors: Kuzmina Olga Viktorovna
Published: February 2018

Рациональное использование времени является важным показателем успешности работы специалиста. На практике разрабатывается механизмы овладения временной компетентностью, но слабо осуществляется работа по ликвидации дезорганизаторов времени. А дезорганизаторы влияют на силу мотивации, на ценностно-смысловую сферу личности.Цель работы: выделить доминирующие дезорганизаторы деятельности сотрудников правоохранительных органов (управления конвоирования) и установить сваимосвязь мотивационной направленности сотрудников с дезорганизаторами времени и деятельности.Методы и методики исследования. В качестве методов исследования было использовано психологическое тестирование. Диагностика мотивационной направленности осуществлялась с помощью «Методики изучения мотивационного профиля личности» (Ш. Ричи и П. Мартин). Для изучения видов дезорганизаторов и силы их выраженности были применены методика «Анализ жизненных помех» (Л. Зайверг) и «Методика диагностики личностных дезорганизаторов времени» (О.В. Кузьмина).Результаты исследования. Доминирующими дезорганизаторами деятельности сотрудников управления конвоирования выступают дезорганизаторы, связанные с взаимодействиями, осознанием цели своей деятельности, перспектив профессионального развития и недостаточность обратной связи с непосредственным руководителем. Дезорганизаторы имеют корреляционную связь с мотивационной направленностью. Чем сильнее реализуется потребность в четком структурировании работы, тем в меньшей степени проявляются дезорганизаторы, связанные с целеполаганием, и напряженностью. При реализации потребности в признании усиливаются дезорганизаторы, связанные с взаимодействием. Снижение потребности в интересной общественно полезной работе и ощущения востребованности приводит к непониманию целей в жизни, размытость временных и содержательных перспектив.
МНОГОЦЕЛЕВОЙ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ИНДУСТРИИ ТУРИЗМА
Authors: Levchenko Tat’yana Pavlovna , Varenikov Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2018

Говоря об инновациях в организациях индустрии туризма в целом, и в гостиничном бизнесе, в частности, как правило, подразумевают мероприятия системного характера, обладающие качественной новизной, нацеленные на достижение позитивных сдвигов, устойчивого функционирования и динамичного развития. Наряду с общеэкономическими факторами, обусловливающими неравномерность спроса на услуги гостиничного бизнеса, это объясняется и резким возрастанием зависимости их туристско-рекреационных возможностей от инновационного потенциала (ИП), способности адаптироваться к сложной конкурентной среде.В статье рассмотрен многоцелевой подход к исследованию инновационного потенциала организаций индустрии туризма. Его суть заключается в том, что выбор структурных элементов с точки зрения их ценности и значимости (в том или ином сочетании) не может устанавливаться априори, без достаточно объективного их анализа по ряду наиболее важных для достижения поставленных целей критериев. Проведен диагностический анализ и оценка инновационного потенциала нескольких гостиничных организаций с позиций многоцелевого подхода.Цель – обоснование оценки инновационного потенциала организаций индустрии туризма с позиции многоцелевого подхода.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались экономико-математические методы анализа.Результаты: обосновано использование рассматриваемого методического подхода, проведена оценка инновационного потенциала ряда организаций индустрии туризма.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять экономическими субъектами, осуществляющими деятельность в сфере туризма, в частности в гостиничном бизнесе.
РАЗРАБОТКА ИМИТАЦИОНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО РОБОТА ТУР10-К С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПРОГРАММНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА «УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ»
Authors: Chirkov Vadim Vladimirovich , Shevtsov Aleksandr Sergeyevich
Published: February 2018

Манипуляционные роботы представляют собой сложные пространственные механические системы, имеющие пять или шесть степеней свободы, а иногда и больше. Уже только поэтому моделирование движения манипуляционных роботов даже в кинематической постановке является сложной математической задачей. Если от кинематического моделирования движения перейти к динамическому моделированию, учитывающему инерционные свойства объекта моделирования, аналитическое построение математической модели такого сложного объекта, как манипуляционный робот, становится практически невозможным. Поэтому для моделирования сложных механических систем используют специальные компьютерные системы автоматизированного проектирования (САПР), так называемые CAE-системы (computer aided engineering). Целью данной работы стоит построение имитационной модели сложной механической системы, такой как промышленный робот ТУР10-К для получения его динамических характеристик. Разработка подобных моделей позволяет сократить трудоемкость процесса проектирования сложных систем и получить необходимые характеристики.Цель – разработка имитационной модели промышленного робота ТУР10-К и получение динамических характеристик механизма.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовался компьютерный метод моделирования.Результаты: получена имитационная модель робота и его динамические характеристики.Область применения результатов: результаты могут быть использованы при проектировании механических систем и различных имитационных моделей.
Maintaining the Failure of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration: State–Corporate Crime Through Tolerance and Permission
Authors: Gerkin Patrick M. , Doyon-Martin Jacquelynn
Published: February 2018

This research explores the failures of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to effectively protect workers in the United States. Utilizing a secondary analysis of OSHA records, OSHA regulations, and scholarly and journalistic accounts of occupational violence, this research highlights the role of the state in creating and recreating the structure within which work-related health and safety regulations are routinely violated. Although we acknowledge that regimes of permission emerge from state–corporate symbiosis, our purpose here is not to explore the symbiotic nature of the relationship between the state and corporations which has led to the failure to protect workers. Instead, this research seeks to expose the consequences of the symbiosis, a regime of permission that allows corporations to maximize capital accumulation by ignoring health and safety regulations.
Male Republican Prisoners in Northern Ireland: Resistance, Emotions and Homosociality
Authors: Rolston Bill , McKeown Laurence
Published: February 2018

The literature on male imprisonment consistently reveals a particular form of hegemonic masculinity based on competition, dominance and violence, actual or threatened. This article seeks to examine this standard view via the experience of republican politically motivated prisoners in Northern Ireland. It finds evidence of elements of hegemonic masculinity as in other prisons, but alongside this there was an alternative form of hegemonic masculinity, one based on the ability to endure rather than inflict violence. The article also examines the way in which homosociality – male fraternity without homosexual desire – was an integral part of the prison experience and was enhanced by the solidarity among the prisoners; this solidarity was based on both initial political ideology and the collective resistance against the prison system's attempts to break their solidarity. Finally, it also examines the space for emotions and emotional support in the difficult circumstances of violence inflicted by prison officers, an extended “blanket protest” and a harrowing hunger strike.
Julian Assange,
The Wikileaks Files: The World According to US Empire by Wikileaks
Authors: Colvin Naomi
Published: February 2018

None
Behavior of elliptical objects in general theory of relativity
Authors: Nikouravan Bijan , Rawal J.J
Published: February 2018

The simplest solution to Einstein's field equations is the Schwarzschild solution. This solution is not able to describe any non-spherical shaped objects. Some stars and galaxies are ellipsoidal. Consequently, the gravitational field around these objects should be different in comparison with the spherical form. This paper is considering a new line element so that we are able to construct not only spherical objects but also we are able to explain an ellipsoidal object too. This new line element is more accurate and complete than the Schwarzschild line element. In this research, we see that the Schwarzschild line element and its solution is only a part of the whole work, which we have done. For more consideration, we applied this metric to an arbitrary object in the next step. Moreover, we used this line element for the solution of a planetary orbit of an ellipsoid planet by using Einstein’s field equations. These equations used for the exterior solution of an ellipsoidal celestial object.
Predicted Dynamic and Structural Criterion of Evaluation of Gravitational Waves
Authors: Zhussupov M
Published: February 2018

The cosmic (physical) vacuum according to modern data possesses the properties of a material medium. In combination with the celestial bodies, this medium is capable of forming dynamic structures. Presumably, these structures have a wave nature, and in their development, the gravitational waves, emitted by the stars and their planetary systems can take part. It is believed that physical vacuum is almost weightless matter. However, this study postulates its high density, as a condition for adaptation of the fundamental physical laws for different mediums and substances. The product of this density and gravitational constant gives vent to the frequency, which is entitled to the probable frequency of the gravitational wave background of space and equals to .06 Hz (rounded). The supposed spectrum of gravity waves of the solar system could become a model for the spectral analysis of extra-solar systems and the evaluation of habitable planets.
A Class of New Exact Solutions of Navier-Stokes Equations with Body Force For Viscous Incompressible Fluid
Authors: Ahmed Mushtaq , Naeem Rana Khalid , Ali Syed Anwer
Published: February 2018

This paper is to indicate a class of new exact solutions of the equations governing the two-dimensional steady motion of incompressible fluid of variable viscosity in the presence of body force. The class consists of the stream function $\psi$ characterized by equation $\theta=f(r)+ a \psi + b $ in polar coordinates $r$, $\theta$ , where a continuously differentiable function is $f(r)$ and $a\neq 0 , b $ are constants. The exact solutions are determined for given one component of the body force, for both the cases when $f(r)$ is arbitrary and when it is not. When $f(r)$ is arbitrary, we find $a=1$ and we can construct an infinite set of streamlines and the velocity components, viscosity function, generalized energy function and temperature distribution for the cases when $R_{e}P_{r}=1$ and when $R_{e}P_{r}\neq 1$ where $R_{e}$ represents Reynolds number and $P_{r}$Prandtl number. For the case when $f(r)$ is not arbitrary we can find solutions for the cases $R_{e}P_{r}\neq a$ and $R_{e}P_{r}=a$ where $"a"$ remains arbitrary.Â
Charter schools, parent choice, and segregation: A longitudinal study of the growth of charters and changing enrollment patterns in five school districts over 26 years
Authors: Archbald Doug , Hurwitz Andrew , Hurwitz Felicia
Published: February 2018

In 1975, a court-ordered busing program was launched to desegregate the schools of New Castle County, Delaware. It was by many accounts one of the most significant and successful desegregation programs in the nation (Armor & Rossell, 2002; Orfield, 2014; Raffel, 1980). In 1995, the districts of the county were declared “unitary” and the court order was lifted. Shortly thereafter, new policies were enacted allowing school choice, charter schools, and neighborhood attendance zoning. This study draws on primary and secondary data, including geographic, census, and enrollment data, and provides an account of the policy changes and a 26-year longitudinal analysis of changing enrollment trends and patterns. Segregation by race and income among schools accelerated after the policy changes. While the policy changes created greater segregation, enrollment trends varied by district and over time; segregation growth was moderate in two of the districts, small in the others. Our study illuminates the complexity of explaining segregation patterns and disentangling the contributing role of choice, charters, attendance zones, and residential demographics in explaining segregation patterns in school systems.
Problems and solution proposals of cinema education in Turkey
Türkiye’de sinema eğitiminin sorunları ve çözüm önerileri
Authors: Tuğan Nuray Hilal
Published: February 2018

The cinema that emerged in the late 19th century is one of the newest forms of art. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the education of cinema which is a visual arts field in art education. Cinema education in our country started in the middle of the 1970s and took its place in academic education as one of the departments of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Faculty of Communication. However, this binary structure has brought the tendency to treat cinema as a science in the Faculty of Communication and as an art form in Faculty of Fine Arts. In this study, it was tried to show that the lack of the bilateral approach to cinema education was discussed, then cinema was taken as a multidimensional phenomenon and it required an education that was designed to overcome this dual approach. When approaching cinema as a multidimensional phenomenon, it was firstly reached that television and cinema education should be arranged in a way to have a different academic viewpoint, and that the reception of students with cinema education by center examination is counterproductive to the nature of cinema as an art scene.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet19. Yüzyılın sonlarında ortaya çıkan sinema en yeni sanat formlarından biridir. Dolayısıyla görsel bir sanat dalı olan sinemanın eğitimini de sanat eğitimi içerisinde değerlendirmek gerekmektedir. Ülkemizde sinema eğitimi 1970’lerin ortalarında başlamış, günümüze kadar geçen süreçte Güzel Sanatlar Fakültelerinin ve İletişim Fakültelerinin bölümlerinden biri olarak akademik eğitimde yerini almıştır. Ancak bu ikili yapı İletişim Fakülteleri’nde sinemayı bir bilim olarak, Güzel Sanatlar Fakülteleri’nde ise bir sanat formu olarak ele alma eğilimini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada sinema eğitimine söz konusu ikili yaklaşımın eksiklikleri tartışılmış, ardından sinema çok boyutlu bir olgu biçiminde ele alınarak bu ikili yaklaşımı aşacak bir bakış açısıyla oluşturulmuş bir eğitimi gerektirdiği ortaya koyulmuştur.  Sinemaya çok boyutlu bir olgu olarak yaklaşıldığında öncelikle televizyon ve sinema eğitimlerinin birbirinden ayrı akademik bakış açısına sahip olacak şekilde düzenlenmesi gerektiği ve sinema eğitimi veren fakültelere merkezi sınavla öğrenci alımının bir sanat dalı olarak sinemanın doğasına ters düştüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Test-Retest Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Athletic Performance Combine Tests in 6–15-Year-Old Male Athletes
Authors: Gillen Zachary M. , Miramonti Amelia A. , McKay Brianna D. , Leutzinger Todd J. , Cramer Joel T.
Published: February 2018

Gillen, ZM, Miramonti, AA, McKay, BD, Leutzinger, TJ, and Cramer, JT. Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of athletic performance combine tests in 6–15-year-old male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2783–2794, 2018—Athletic performance combine tests are used by high school, collegiate, and professional American football programs to evaluate performance; however, limited evidence is available on performance combine test results in youth athletes. The purposes of this study were to report test-retest reliability statistics and evaluate concurrent validity among combine performance tests in 6–15-year-old male athletes. Sixty-nine young male athletes (mean ± SD; age = 10.9 ± 2.1 years, height = 154.4 ± 13.6 cm, body mass = 46.8 ± 16.0 kg) were divided into 3 age groups: 6–9 years (n = 16), 10–11 years (n = 26), and 12–15 years (n = 27). Participants completed 2 attempts of the vertical jump (VJ), broad jump (BJ), pro-agility (PA), L-cone (LC) drill, and 10-, 20-, 40-yd dashes. The results indicated that the older age groups performed better on most performance assessments compared with the 6–9-year group (p ≤ 0.05). The combine tests demonstrated consistently adequate reliability for all age groups, except for the 10-yd dash, which was deemed unreliable. Evidence of concurrent validity, and possible measurement redundancy were observed in the VJ vs. BJ, PA vs. LC, and 20 vs. 40 yd, but zero- and first-order partial correlations suggested that only the PA and LC were redundant, and the PA may be superior for this age group over the LC. Although the VJ and BJ provide independent performance information regarding lower-body power, questions regarding the redundancy of the 20 vs. 40 yd remain unanswered from a measurement perspective.
Development of Accelerated Durability Tests for Rear Suspension Components under Failure-Correlated Load
Authors: Zhao Li-Hui , Yu Jia-Wei , Chen Tie , Li Jun , Zheng Song-Lin
Published: February 2018

Validation tests are essential for assuring the durability of automotive structures and components. The sporadic nature of mechanical failure requires that durability testing be accelerated to reduce the test time while faithfully replicating the characteristic fatigue damage and failure modes obtained during service. This paper develops accelerated durability tests for the torsion beam axle of a rear suspension under failure-correlated load, where a particular loading input is highly correlated with a characteristic fatigue failure mode and therefore dominates the fatigue damage obtained at a failure location. This study involves several steps. First, the load histories, i.e., the wheel loads and strains at critical regions, are measured on a proving ground. Second, failure locations are identified by critical plane and biaxial ratio analyses of the strain histories and local strain states on the axle. Then, the failure-correlated load is identified by determining the correlation between the absolute maximum principal strain at the failure locations and the corresponding full-wheel loads recorded in the measured load histories. Finally, two accelerated load spectra based on the identified failure-correlated load are developed in either the time domain or the amplitude domain, and the results of the accelerated durability tests are compared with those obtained for durability tests conducted under full-wheel loading. The results show that the failure locations and fatigue lifetimes obtained using the accelerated load spectra coincide with those obtained under full-wheel load conditions, and acceleration factors between 1.75 and 2.85 were observed using the two developed spectra. The proposed methodology is expected to contribute to the development of accelerated durability tests of automotive structures and components subjected to complex multiexternal loads.
Atypical Localization and Dissociation between Glucose Uptake and Amyloid Deposition in Cognitively Normal APOE*E4 Homozygotic Elders Compared with Patients with Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pardo José V. , Lee Joel T. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative*
Published: February 2018

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progresses insidiously over decades. Therefore, study of preclinical AD is critical to identify early pathophysiological changes as potential targets for prevention or treatment. The brain processes at the preclinical stage remain minimally understood. Aside from age, the E4 allele of APOE flags a group at particularly high risk of late-onset AD (LOAD). Studies of these individuals could provide insights about the ontogenesis of AD offering clues for novel treatment strategies. To this end, cognitively normal,APOE*E4homozygotes from the Alzheimer’s Diseases Neuroimaging Research Initiative database (ADNI-LONI) provided fluorodeoxyglucose and amyloid (florbetapir) PET scans (n= 8 and 7, respectively; mean age 76 years). Their scans were compared to those of matched cognitively normal elders who were not E4 carriers. There was dissociation in the distribution between glucose uptake and amyloid deposition in the homozygotes. Peak hypometabolism localized bilaterally along the medial temporal cortex. In contrast, peak amyloid deposition localized principally to the putamen, a finding also seen in preclinical carriers of autosomal dominant AD mutations and preclinical AD associated with Down syndrome. Additional regions of amyloid deposition in homozygotes were medial prefrontal cortices including the anterior cingulate, middle and inferior frontal cortices, and middle and inferior occipital cortices. These findings contrast with those reported for LOAD. These data begin to characterize elders with normal cognition despite high AD risk in comparison to the known phenotypes of patients with LOAD.
A Workforce Survey on Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics
Authors: Bridgemohan Carolyn , Bauer Nerissa S. , Nielsen Britt A. , DeBattista Anne , Ruch-Ross Holly S. , Paul Linda B. , Roizen Nancy
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Developmental-behavioral conditions are common, affecting ∼15% of US children. The prevalence and complexity of these conditions are increasing despite long wait times and a limited pipeline of new providers. We surveyed a convenience sample of the developmental-behavioral pediatric (DBP) workforce to determine current practices, workforce trends, and future needs.

METHODS:

An electronic survey was e-mailed to 1568 members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics and Council on Children with Disabilities, the Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, and the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners Developmental and Behavioral Mental Health Special Interest Group.

RESULTS:

The response rate was 48%. There were 411 fellowship-trained physicians, 147 nonfellowship-trained physicians, and 125 nurse practitioners; 61% were women, 79% were white, and 5% were Hispanic. Physicians had a mean of 29 years since medical school graduation, and one-third planned to retire in 3 to 5 years. Nurse practitioners were earlier in their careers. Respondents reported long wait times for new appointments, clinician burnout, increased patient complexity and up to 50% additional time spent per visit in nonreimbursed clinical-care activities. Female subspecialists spent more time per visit in billable and nonbillable components of clinical care.

CONCLUSIONS:

The DBP workforce struggles to meet current service demands, with long waits for appointments, increased complexity, and high volumes of nonreimbursed care. Sex-based practice differences must be considered in future planning. The viability of the DBP subspecialty requires strategies to maintain and expand the workforce, improve clinical efficiency, and prevent burnout.
A apropriação em El Aleph Engordado
Authors: Capaverde Tatiana Da Silva
Published: February 2018

A reescrita na produção literária contemporânea tem buscado tematizar de forma metaliterária o debate sobre autoria e originalidade, não havendo melhor hipotexto que o nome de autor Jorge Luis Borges e seus textos para promover esse debate. O trabalho proposto analisa a apropriação realizada pelo autor argentino Pablo Katchadjian (1977-) do texto El Aleph de Jorge Luís Borges a fim de apontar a relação intertextual praticada e a ressignificação da autoria provocada pelas alterações propostas. A manipulação de engorde do texto e a apropriação do narrador Borges que ocorrem na narrativa El Aleph Engordado (2009) promovem questionamentos quanto aos desdobramentos autorais (Barthes), à função do autor-leitor crítico (Perrone-Moises) e à relação com a tradição (Hutcheon; Borges), permitindo a abordagem crítica sobre os deslocamentos estéticos e conceituais realizados na apropriação.
Maria dos Prazeres e Noi: à margem
Authors: Mariano Bethânia Martins
Published: February 2018

Espantada com um sonho que teve, que segundo sua interpretação o veredito era de que sua morte estava próxima, Maria dos Prazeres, uma prostituta idosa, brasileira, que mora na Espanha desde jovem, cuida dos detalhes de seu sepultamento e treina seu cachorro Noi para ir visitá-la no túmulo e chorar por ela quando ela finalmente partir. “Maria dos Prazeres” é o sétimo conto da obra Doze contos peregrinos, de Gabriel García Márquez. Nesta obra podemos verificar que as personagens principais são latino-americanas e se encontram, por alguma circunstância, solitárias na Europa, sofrendo alguma desventura, peregrinando entre o velho e novo mundo. A proposta deste artigo é ler este conto considerando que as literaturas que florescem no subdesenvolvimento cultural adquirem lentamente a consciência nacional e universal, apresentando um olhar da margem, excêntrico, e então as literaturas latino-americanas deslocam-se das tradições europeias.
Jorge, Enrique, seus personagens
Authors: Pujol Filho Reginaldo Da Luz
Published: February 2018

Estre trabalho assume seu risco formal assim como o fizeram os autores que o ensejam, Jorge Luis Borges e Enrique Vila-Matas. Podemos dizer que apresentamos uma hipótese fantástica à moda de Borges de Tlon,  Uqbar Orbis Tertius1 e outros contos seus. Quer dizer, propomos relações e proximidades entre Borges e Vila-Matas e o catalão como continuador do argentino, com as ferramentas dos dois: a ficção e o fantástico. O que nos aproxima do outro autor aqui relacionado. Se Vila-Matas já disse que “minha voz é de um ensaísta que utiliza narração como suporte do ensaio”2, nada mais justo que ensaiar sobre ele utilizando a narração. Assim acreditamos refletir sobre entrelaçamentos possíveis entre os autores; a questão da autoria; a questão pós-moderna da apropriação, da citação, do eco. Arriscando na forma, como os dois autores.
Las colonias en los Episodios galdosianos
Authors: Durán Dolores Troncoso
Published: February 2018

Pese a que Galdós nunca llegó a escribir el programado episodio Las colonias perdidas, la referencia a éstas y su significado para la sociedad española del siglo XIX están presentes a lo largo de los Episodios nacionales como muestra este artículo que además de apuntar su detallada localización en los episodios, reflexiona sobre la visión crítica de Galdós con respecto a cómo eran percibidas por sus contemporáneos y por los políticos españolesdecimonónicos en el momento histórico del fin del imperio colonial español.
Josefina Plá e a conformação do conto paraguaio: a desolação de pertencer a dois mundos
Authors: Coelho Maria Josele Bucco
Published: February 2018

Partindo da percepção defendida por Bernd (2012) de que as mobilidades migratórias transculturais exercem uma influência significativa nas práticas literárias, este trabalho busca evidenciar o papel desempenhado pela escritora Josefina Plá (1903-1999) no sistema literário paraguaio, tracejando a importância por ela assumida na conformação da narrativa contemporânea dessa comunidade literária. Por meio da análise do conto Sesenta listas (1981), busca-se esquadrinhar a potência transculturadora/fagocitadora das narrativas de Josefina Plá, ao mesmo tempo em que se faz aflorar a violência engendrada pela colonialidade na comunidadecultural do Atlântico Sul.
Mammalian diversity in the Savanna from Peru, with three new addictions from country
Authors: Medina Cesar Edgardo , Pino Kateryn , Pari Alexander , Llerena Gabriel , Zeballos Horacio , López Evaristo
Published: February 2018

Bahuaja Sonene National Park protects the unique sample of subtropical humid savannas in Peru, which are known as “Pampas del Heath” with 6,136 hectares of area. Many endangered species and/or endemic from savannas occur there, however studies about the diversity of mammals in Pampas del Heath are limited and only three assessments there have been carried out since mid‑1970s. Therefore we surveyed mammals in three habitat types of the Pampas del Heath (savanna, ecotonal area and forest) during late 2011. We used several methods of record for the different mammal groups including 1) capture techniques with mist nets, snap traps, Sherman traps, Tomahawk traps and pitfall traps, 2) and detection techniques direct by means of camera traps, visualization of mammals during long walk, observation of tracks and interviews to local people. Total capture efforts totalized 6,033 trap/nights, 136 mist-net/nights and 108 cameras/nights. Sixty-nine species of mammals were recorded: 33 in savanna, 33 in ecotonal area and 38 in forest. Sixteen species are new records for the Pampas del Heath and three are new records from Peru (Cryptonanus unduaviensis, Rhogeessa hussoni and Rhogeessa io). Analyses on the sampling effort, relative density, diversity and community structure of small mammals were made for the three habitats types. Moreover eight species are Threatened and 24 are listed in CITES. The new records here presented elevated the previous known mammal species richness in Peru from 538 to 541, and show the importance to conduct inventories to describe the biodiversity in remote areas, like the Pampas del Heath.
Bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) diversity in an area of mangrove forest in southern Pernambuco, Brazil, with a new species record and notes on ectoparasites (Diptera: Streblidae)
Authors: Soares Fábio Angelo Melo , Graciolli Gustavo , Ribeiro Carlos Eduardo Borges Pinto , Bandeira Rafael Sales , Moreno José Armando Torres , Ferrari Stephen Francis
Published: February 2018

This study reports the occurrence of bat species and their ectoparasites to a mangrove area of the State of Pernambuco. The bats were captured for seven consecutive months in four mangrove areas. Sampling occurred for 12 consecutive hours each night collection where mist-nets were used. Eighty-three bats of 14 species were captured. Of these, only 53 Phyllostomidae family bats found themselves parasited. We identified seven species of flies of the family Streblidae parasitizing bats. The diversity of bats is H’ = 2.19 for all areas sampled and the prevalence of streblid ranged from 8.3 to 66,6. The mean intensity ranged from one and five. It is reported for the first time the occurrence of Lophostoma brasiliense to the mangrove ecosystem, besides two species of streblid to Pernambuco.
Editorial V. 15 Especial
Authors: REB Equipe
Published: February 2018

Texto do editorial do Volume 15, número Especial Eventos de 2017.O texto apresenta, de forma sintética, as atividades na área de Educação durante a 46a reunião anual da SBBq Brasil.Acesse o texto completo logo abaixo.
Policy Externalities and Banking Integration
Authors: Smolyansky Michael
Published: February 2018

Can policies directed at the banking sector in one jurisdiction spill over and affect real economic activity elsewhere? To investigate this question, I exploit changes in tax rates on bank profits across U.S. states. Banks respond by reallocating small-business lending to otherwise unaffected states. Moreover, counties in non-tax-changing states that have more exposure to treated banks experience greater changes in lending, which in turn impacts local employment. The findings demonstrate that policies aimed at the banking sector in one jurisdiction can impose externalities on other regions. Critically, financial linkages between regions serve as the transmission channel for these policy externalities.
How Have Banks Been Managing the Composition of High-Quality Liquid Assets?
Authors: Ihrig Jane , Kim Edward , Kumbhat Ashish , Vojtech Cindy M. , Weinbach Gretchen C.
Published: February 2018

We study banks' post-crisis liquidity management. We construct time series of U.S. banks’ holdings of high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) and examine how these assets have been managed in recent years to comply with the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) requirement. We find that, in becoming LCR compliant, banks initially ramped up their stock of reserve balances. However, once the requirement was met, some banks subsequently shifted the compositions of their liquid portfolios significantly. This raises the question: What drives the compositions of banks’ HQLA? We show that a risk-return framework can account for a range of potential portfolio compositions depending on banks’ tolerance for interest rate risk. And, our data indicate that banks have indeed adopted a range of portfolio compositions, with some components exhibiting a high degree of daily variance. These findings lead us to conclude that about half of large banks are largely focused on risk-return conside rations in managing the compositions of their HQLA pools while the other half appear bound by other factors. We highlight the importance of our findings for both the transmission and implementation of monetary policy.