bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E FITOTERÁPICOS ÚTEIS NA ODONTOLOGIA CLÍNICA: UMA REVISÃO MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBAL MEDICINES USEFUL IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY: A REVIEW
Authors: Junior Jonas Ildefonso , Monteiro Álefe Brito
Published: March 2022

Introdução: o Brasil possui uma grande biodiversidade de plantas medicinaiscom potencial aplicabilidade para a saúde bucal. Objetivo: esta revisãobuscou identificar as principais plantas medicinais e/ou fitoterápicosque podem ou são utilizados na prática odontológica e os seus benefícios.Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa e qualitativa;foram consultados os bancos de dados do Google acadêmico,Scielo e Pubmed e o único critério de elegibilidade foram artigos de pesquisaexperimental e/ou de revisão de literatura que abordassem o temaem questão, sem restrição de língua e tempo. Resultados: sete espéciesforam identificadas com grande potencial de uso na odontologia. Cravo-da-Índia (Syzygium aromaticum), Capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus),Camomila (Matricaria chamomillaI), Malva (Malva sylvestris), Romã(Punica granatum), Unha-de-gato (Uncaria tomentosa) e o Própolis, sãocomumente utilizadas pela medicinal popular e tradicional no alívio outratamento de enfermidades bucais. Vários estudos comprovam a eficáciae os benefícios desses produtos naturais no tratamento de infecções,inflamação e algias, atribuídos aos diversos compostos farmacologicamenteativos presentes em suas folhas, flores, etc. Conclusão: foi possívelidentificar que a prática do uso de compostos de origem natural podeser útil e seguro na clínica odontológica, entretanto nota-se resistênciaou falta de conhecimento por profissionais da área no uso dessa práticacomplementar. Introduction: Brazil has a great biodiversity of medicinal plants with potentialapplicability for oral health. Purpose: This review aim to identifythe main medicinal and/or phytotherapeutic plants that can or are usedin dental practice and its benefits. Methodology: It is a narrative and qualitativereview; the databases of the Google Scholar, Scielo and Pubmedwere consulted and the only eligibility criteria were articles of experimental research and/or literature review that addressed the subject in question,without language and time restriction. Results: Seven species wereidentified with great potential for use in dentistry. Indian Claw (Syzygiumaromaticum), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), Camomile (MatricariachamomillaI), Mallow (Malva sylvestris), Pomegranate (Punica granatum),Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Propolis, are commonly used by popularand traditional medicinal for the relief or treatment of oral diseases.Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy and benefits of these naturalproducts in the treatment of infections, inflammation and allergiesattributed to the various pharmacologically active compounds present intheir leaves, flowers, etc. Conclusion: It was possible to identify that thepractice of the use of compounds of natural origin can be useful and safein the dental clinic, however it is noted resistance or lack of knowledge byprofessionals in the area in the use of this complementary practice.
Spending bill: Increases in SAPT block grant, SOR, NIDA
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2022

The State Opioid Response (SOR) grants going to states received an increase in the final appropriations bill approved by Congress March 11, to $1.525 billion from $1.5 billion. Although called “opioid” grants, this money can be spent on stimulant use disorders as well (see “SAMHSA to write new application for new SOR with stimulants included,” ADAW JAN. 13, 2020; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32587). The SOR grants go to the state alcohol and drug abuse directors: the Single State Authorities (SSAs) who have jurisdiction over the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant.
Medications for OUD, prevention of Rx misuse: SAMHSA grants
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2022

Last week, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) announced the availability of $25.6 million in two grant programs meant to prevent the misuse of prescription drugs and expand access to medications for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Prescription opioid misuse prevention will receive $3 million, and medication treatment for OUD would receive $22.5 million.
Photonic‐Crafting of Non‐Volatile and Rewritable Antiferromagnetic Spin Textures with Drastic Difference in Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Kuo Chang‐Yang , Liou Yi‐De , Hu Zhiwei , Liao Sheng‐Chieh , Tsai Huang‐Ming , Fu Huang‐Wen , Hua Chih‐Yu , Chen Yi‐Chun , Lin Hong‐Ji , Tanaka Arata , Chen Chien‐Te , Yang Jan‐Chi , Chang Chun‐Fu
Published: March 2022

Antiferromagnetic spintronics is an emerging field of non‐volatile data storage and information processing. The zero net magnetization and zero stray fields of antiferromagnetic materials eliminate interference between neighbor units, leading to high‐density memory integrations. However, this invisible magnetic character at the same time also poses a great challenge in controlling and detecting magnetic states in antiferromagnets. Here, two antiferromagnetic spin states close in energy in strained BiFeO3 thin films at room temperature are discovered. It can be reversibly switched between these two non‐volatile antiferromagnetic states by a moderate magnetic field and a non‐contact optical approach. Importantly, the conductivity of the areas with each antiferromagnetic textures is drastically different. It is conclusively demonstrated the capability of optical writing and electrical reading of these newly discovered bistable antiferromagnetic states in the BiFeO3 thin films.
Current and Future Trends for Polymer Micro/Nanoprocessing in Industrial Applications
Authors: Chen Dan , Wang Yunming , Zhou Helezi , Huang Zhigao , Zhang Yun , Guo Chuan Fei , Zhou Huamin
Published: March 2022

Polymers are widely used in optical devices, electronic devices, energy‐harvesting/storage devices, and sensors, owing to their low weight, excellent flexibility, and simple fabrication process. With advancements in micro/nanoprocessing techniques and more demanding application requirements, it is becoming necessary to realize high‐resolution fabrication of polymers to prepare miniaturized devices. This is particularly because conventional processing technologies suffer from high thermal stress and strong adhesion/friction, which can irreversibly damage the micro/nanostructures of miniaturized devices. In addition, although the use of advanced fabrication methods to prepare high‐resolution micro/nanostructures is explored, these methods are limited to laboratory research or small‐batch production. This review focuses on the micro/nanoprocessing of polymeric materials and devices with high spatial precision and replication accuracy for industrial applications. Specifically, the current state‐of‐the‐art techniques and future trends for micro/nanomolding, high‐energy beam processing, and micro/nanomachining are discussed. Moreover, an overview of the fabrication and applications of various polymer‐based elements and devices such as microlenses, biosensors, and transistors is provided. These techniques are expected to be widely applied for multiscale and multimaterial processing as well as for multifunction integration in next‐generation integrated devices, such as photoelectric, smart, and biodegradable devices.
Development and Evaluation of Targeted Optical Imaging Probes for Image‐Guided Surgery in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wu Yue , Wu Haiwei , Lu Xiaoya , Chen Yi , Zhang Xue , Ju Jiandong , Zhang Dongsheng , Zhu Baocun , Huang Shengyun
Published: March 2022

Head and neck cancer is the 7th most common cancer in the world and the primary treatment is surgical resection. Optical probes have shown great potential for application in image‐guided surgery to delineate tumor margins more accurately. Special biomarkers that are aberrant in tumors are considered in tumor‐targeting strategies. Targeted fluorescent probes can enable accurate visualization of tumor margins with appropriate targeting strategies, thereby providing better sensitivity and specificity. In this review, the preclinical evidence on optical probes that have been developed with specific targeting strategies is summarized and challenges in the clinical translation of novel targeted fluorescent probes are discussed.
Measurable microcystin in Ozark streams was rare during summer 2018 baseflow conditions
Authors: Austin Bradley J. , Haggard Brian E.
Published: March 2022

Accelerated eutrophication due to human activity has been linked to an increase in the occurrence of cyanobacteria in freshwater systems. The purpose of this study was to document the occurrence of microcystin, a common cyanotoxin, within northwest Arkansas streams. Twenty streams were sampled from May through October 2018, and water and periphyton samples were analyzed for microcystin and chlorophyll‐a (CHL‐a). Mean microcystin concentrations in water samples were low across sites, ranging from < 0.10 to 0.21 μg L−1. Mean microcystin in the periphyton across sites ranged from 2.6 to 9.9 μg m−2 and were within values observed in the literature. All microcystin concentrations measured in these Ozark streams were well below the current USEPA recreational guidelines of 8.0 μg L−1 and the drinking water guidelines of 0.3 μg L−1 for infants and 1.6 μg L−1 for adults.
Insights into the Effect of Heat Treatment and Carbon Coating on the Electrochemical Behaviors of SiO Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Shuai , Hou Xiaodong , Wang Dongniu , Zuin Lucia , Zhou Jigang , Hou Yong , Mann Michael
Published: March 2022

The use of SiO as an anode material has attracted significant interest due to its high capacity and long cycling life. Many promising approaches, including structural design and carbon coating at high temperatures, effectively improve its intrinsic low electrical conductivity and poor Coulombic efficiency. However, the “heat treatment process‐composition and microstructure‐electrochemical properties” relationship of the SiO anode is not fundamentally understood. Here the structure and composition evolution in amorphous SiO and graphene‐coated SiO is investigated using different heat‐treatment conditions. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure techniques are also employed to analyze the surface and bulk composition change during the initial lithiation process, supplemented by physical or chemical characterization and electrochemical testing. The results reveal the structural transition of SiO during heat treatment, from amorphous to disproportionated hierarchical structure, where the as‐formed dielectric exterior SiO2 shell and interior SiO2 matrix severely polarizes electrodes, hindering the lithiation process. Carbon coating on SiO effectively restricts the growth of the SiO2 shell and facilitates charge transfer, leading to improved electrochemical performance. A schematic model is proposed to reveal the relationship between the treatments, the resultant structural evolutions, and corresponding electrochemical behaviors.
Characterisation of Oreochromis niloticus fish species of Lake Kariba, Zambia, using morphological, meristic and genetic methods
Authors: Makeche Mauris Chinyama , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka , Ndebe Joseph , Mulavu Malala , Khumalo Cynthia Sipho , Simulundu Edgar , Changula Katendi , Chitanga Simba , Mubemba Benjamin , Muleya Walter
Published: March 2022

This study aimed at characterising Oreochromis niloticus fish species of Lake Kariba and was premised on the hypothesis that there are different types of O. niloticus fish species in Lake Kariba. Oreochromis niloticus fish specimens (n = 409) were collected from both culture fisheries (Yalelo fishery, Fwanyanga fishery and Choombwe fishery) and capture fisheries (Siavonga and Sinazongwe) based at Lake Kariba from April to November 2020. All the collected fish samples were used for phenotypic characterisation, while 98 were used for genetic characterisation. A total of 23 morphometric measurements and seven meristic counts were used to generate morphometric data which were analysed using multivariate analysis. In order to delineate the sampled specimens, dendrograms were generated. Further, microsatellite data were generated from 98 samples using a panel of five microsatellite markers and analysed using microsatellite toolkit, GenAIEx, Fstat and LIAN software. Meristic results of culture fisheries showed that the sampled fish could be characterised into two strains, while samples from capture fisheries could be characterised into four strains. On the other hand, morphometric characterisation of fish from both culture and capture fisheries grouped the fish into three strains. In addition, population genetic analysis also showed that aquaculture farmers of Lake Kariba are rearing three populations of O. niloticus, while those from capture fisheries are composed of many distinct variant fish strains but can be roughly grouped into two types of O. niloticus fish species. The population of O. niloticus from the wild are genetically diverse, sub‐structured with an absence of panmixia and are present in all fisheries. In conclusion, the fisheries understudy possessed potentially three strains of O. niloticus segregated in approximately three populations.
Effect of fermented corn protein concentrate on growth performance, haemocyte counts, histological structure of hepatopancreas and intestinal condition of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Novriadi Romi , Herawati Vivi Endar , Prayitno Slamet Budi , Windarto Seto , Mertz Keith , Nguyen Duy Hoa
Published: March 2022

This study evaluated the suitability of commercially produced fermented corn protein concentrate (FCPC) known as MOTIV® (Cargill's IP Product), in replacing fishmeal (FM) and/or poultry by‐product meal (PBM) on growth and health performances of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the use of five iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic diets containing 0% FCPC (control), 7.5% FCPC and 1.5% Krill meal (KM) replacing 9% of FM (FCPC 1), 7.5% FCPC and 1% KM replacing 2% poultry by‐product meal (PBM) and 6.5% FM (FCPC2), 7.5% FCPC replacing 3.5% PBM and 4% FM (FCPC3) and 7.5% FCPC to replace 7.5% PBM (FCPC4) on growth performance, total haemocytes count, lysozyme activity, body composition, resistance on acute salinity change, total number of bacteria and histomorphological condition of the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. At the end of the growth trial, the dietary treatments significantly affect the growth performance of shrimp with better growth obtained in shrimp treated with FCPC 1 and 4 compared to the control treatment. For the non‐specific immune system, the inclusion of FCPC had significantly improved the lysozyme activity of L. vannamei but no significant effect to the total haemocytes counts. Total numbers of bacteria were lower in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed on FCPC diets compared to the control treatment. In addition, FCPC diets increased survivability of shrimp acute salinity stress compared to the control group. Our findings suggested that FCPC could be used as an alternative for a sustainable approach to replace FM and/or PBM in shrimp diets to have better growth as well as enhancing stress resistances and increasing antibacterial responses of shrimp through enhancing the lysozyme activities in L. vannamei
Memristors with Initial Low‐Resistive State for Efficient Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Zhu Kaichen , Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Fahimi Zahra , Xiao Yiping , Wang Tao , Bukvišová Kristýna , Kolíbal Miroslav , Roldan Juan B. , Perez David , Aguirre Fernando , Lanza Mario
Published: March 2022

Memristive electronic synapses are attractive to construct artificial neural networks (ANNs) for neuromorphic computing systems, owing to their excellent electronic performance, high integration density, and low cost. However, the necessity of initializing their conductance through a forming process requires additional peripheral hardware and complex programming algorithms. Herein, the first fabrication of memristors that are initially in low‐resistive state (LRS) is reported, which exhibit homogenous initial resistance and switching voltages. When used as electronic synapses in a neuromorphic system to classify images from the CIFAR‐10 dataset (Canadian Institute For Advanced Research), the memristors offer ×1.83 better throughput per area and consume ×0.85 less energy than standard memristors (i.e., with the necessity of forming), which stems from ≈63% better density and ≈17% faster operation. It is demonstrated in the results that tuning the local properties of materials embedded in memristive electronic synapses is an attractive strategy that can lead to an improved neuromorphic performance at the system level.
High‐performance Sn‐based anode with robust lignin‐derived hard carbon support for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jie , Yin Huanhuan , Wang Ziqi , Gao Jiafeng , Jiang Qiwen , Xu Yutong , Chen Zui
Published: March 2022

Tin anode has great potential for sodium‐ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity, but its tremendous volume expansion during the sodium (de)alloying processes leads to the structural degradation and cycling instability. Herein, we report a new design strategy by using low‐cost enzymatic hydrolysis lignin‐derived hard carbon as an ideal support for Sn particles dispersion. Sn can be uniformly anchored on the robust carbon substrate, to efficiently relieve Sn volume expansion upon cycling. In addition, conductive hard carbon support can facilitate electrons to transfer and further enhance Na+ storage capacity and accelerate facile Na+ diffusion in the Sn/C hybrid anodes. The resultant Sn/C hybrids as anodes deliver high‐rate performance as well as distinguished cycling stability in view of high reversible capacity of 374 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and capacity retention of 91% at 1000 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles, benefiting from high electrical conductivity, highly dispersed Sn particles and suitable pore structure. This work is expected to provide fresh insight into cost‐effective Sn‐based anodes for sodium ion batteries.
Moisture‐induced anti‐plasticization of polylactic acid: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Chen Yu , Tang Tian , Ayranci Cagri
Published: March 2022

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer derived from bio‐renewable resources. The effect of diffused water molecules on the mechanical properties of PLA, before the onset of hydrolytic degradation, has been rarely studied. In this work, PLA fibers produced by melt‐extrusion were conditioned in chambers with different levels of relative humidity (36%, 75%, and 98%), as well as immersed in distilled water. Creep tests were conducted on dry and conditioned samples and creep compliances were extracted. With the increase of moisture content, the decrease in instantaneous elastic compliance, as well as the more flattened curves in the last stage of the creep tests, indicates the existence of water‐bridge‐anti‐plasticization effect. The modified Burgers‐Reimschuessel model developed in our previous work is found to be able to predict the effect of absorbed moisture on the viscoelasticity of PLA. The present work highlights the importance of considering the moisture's anti‐plasticization effect. The proposed methodology can be adopted to evaluate the effect of moisture on the viscoelasticity of PLA for different applications.
ASH1L may contribute to the risk of Tourette syndrome: Combination of family‐based analysis and case–control study
Authors: Liu Wenmiao , Xu Lulu , Zhang Cheng , Shen Lu , Dong Jicheng , Zhang Han , Liu Shiguo , Che Fengyuan , Zheng Xueping
Published: March 2022

Objective

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder caused by various genetic and environmental factors and presents with apparent genetic heterogeneity. As ASH1L potentially contributes to neurodevelopmental diseases, especially in TS, we aim to investigate the susceptibility of ASH1L on TS in the Chinese Han population.

Methods

Three tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs5005770, rs12734374, and rs35615695) in ASH1L were screened in 271 TS nuclear family trios and 337 healthy subjects by the TaqMan assays real time. A case–control study combined with family‐based analysis was applied to study the genetic susceptibility of common variants of ASH1L.

Results

The results revealed a significant over‐transmission of rs35615695 and rs5005770 (for rs35615695, transmission disequilibrium test, χ2 = 57.375, p = .000, HHRR, χ2 = 4.807, p = .028; for rs5005770, HRR, χ2 = 4.116, p = .042, HHRR, χ2 = 8.223, p = .004) in family‐based study. Furthermore, rs5005770 and rs35615695 still remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p < .017). However, the two SNPs (rs5005770 and rs35615695) were found not to be associated with TS in case–control study.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that ASH1L may contribute to TS susceptibility in the Han Chinese population and involved in TS development as a risk factor.
The slope associated with nadir prostate‐specific antigen is prognostically significant in men with hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer after primary androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Zhenhao Zeng , Xiaofeng Cheng , Hao Jiang , Ming Yi , Hongtao Zhang , Wenrui He , Cheng Zhang , Xiaochen Zhou , Gongxian Wang
Published: March 2022

Background

Prognostic indicators based on the initial prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, nadir PSA, and time to PSA nadir were calculated to evaluate prognosis after primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT), as these have been reported in very few studies. We attempted to evaluate the prognostic role of the slope associated with nadir PSA in patients treated with PADT.

Methods

A total of 107 patients who were treated with PADT from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model were used to analyze the prognostic significance of the slope associated with nadir PSA in predicting progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

After PADT, the median follow‐up duration was 40.1 months; 66 patients (61.7%) had disease progression, and 33 patients (30.8%) died. In the univariate analysis, T stage, N stage, nadir PSA, time to PSA nadir, nadir PSA declining slope (nPSA‐DS), nadir PSA percentage declining slope (nPSA‐PDS), and nadir PSA line slope (nPSA‐LS) were significant predictors for PFS and OS. The multivariate analysis showed that a higher nPSA‐DS (> − 0.74) and lower PSA nadir (≤0.16 ng/ml) were independent predictors for prolonged survival. The significance of nPSA‐DS and nPSA was supported by the analysis of nPSA‐DS and nPSA as time‐dependent covariates. The combined analyses demonstrated that patients with a higher nPSA‐DS and lower PSA nadir had the best PFS and OS.

Conclusions

The slope associated with the nadir PSA of nPSA‐DS was a significant independent predictor for patients treated with PADT. Nadir PSA and nPSA‐DS have a synergistic effect on prognosis.
Development of a Novel Supersaturation Monitoring System in Continuous Crystallization of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O
Authors: Tsushima Ippei , Maeda Kouji , Yamamoto Takuji , Ito Kazuhiro , Arafune Koji , Taguchi Syogo , Miki Hideo
Published: March 2022

Continuous crystallization via indirect cooling of potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) was carried out using a draft tube‐type crystallizer with a circulation flow path. The crystallizer was equipped with a newly designed system to monitor the degree of supersaturation in the circulation channel. The average degree of supercooling and growth rate were measured. The crystal growth rates calculated by the population balance model and the supersaturation monitor were different but close. The average supersaturation calculated from the supercooling degree and the solubility data in the literature was 0.19 g per 100 g H2O. This system is also expected to be applied to industrial crystallization where impurities are present.
A universal spray printing strategy to prepare gradient hybrid architectures
Authors: Du Lingyu , Bi Songshan , Hu Yang , Wang Rui , Zhu Jiacai , Zhang Minghui , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: March 2022

Functionally gradient materials (FGMs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique properties and structures. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare scalable FGMs by a universal, cost‐effective, and highly efficient method. Here, a strategy of combining in situ concentration regulation and spraying is developed to fabricate continuously gradient composite films (GCFs), where the component gradient variation can be well controlled. This strategy is universal and versatile, which is beneficial to inducing different components into GCFs with gradient distributions and further constructing them with diverse configurations on various substrates. The gradient design endows the composite films with excellent mechanical strength and gradient electron transport pathways, which ensures that GCFs directly serve as the electrodes in electrochemical devices. As a proof of concept, free‐standing GCFs based on V2O5 nanomaterials are used as cathodes of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The resultant devices deliver superior electrochemical performances in comparison with the counterparts of homogeneous case. Therefore, this universal strategy provides a promising route in the scalable production of FGMs and further extends their applications in various fields.
The clinical utility of extended high‐risk HPV genotyping in risk‐stratifying women with L‐SIL cytology: A retrospective study of 8726 cases
Authors: Tao Xiang , Zhang Huina , Zhang Hao , Xiao Yaoxing , Zhong Fangfang , Zhou Xianrong , Cong Qing , Sui Long , Zhao Chengquan
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The value of extended high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotyping for cervical cancer screening in women with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (L‐SIL) cytology has been recognized, but few studies have investigated this.

METHODS

Women with L‐SIL Papanicolaou results who underwent human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping between October 2017 and October 2021 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were identified. Their HPV results were correlated with immediate histopathologic follow‐up findings.

RESULTS

In total, 8726 women who had L‐SIL cytology and extended HPV genotyping results were analyzed. The overall hrHPV‐positive rate was 84% in women with L‐SIL, and the most prevalent hrHPV genotypes were type 52 (HPV52) (20.7%), HPV53 (15.7%), and HPV16 (14.3%). Single and multiple coinfections of hrHPV genotypes were detected in 57.2% and 42.8% of women with positive hrHPV results, respectively. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ≥2 (CIN2+) was identified in 8.5% of hrHPV‐positive women. The CIN2+ detection rate in women who had multiple hrHPV infections (9.9%) was significantly higher than the rate in those who had infection with a single HPV type (7.2%). The top 5 CIN2+‐associated HPV infections were HPV16 (25.2%), HPV82 (17.8%), HPV33 (16.3%), HPV31 (14.6%), and HPV26 (13.8%). For the composite group with HPV types HPV16, HPV26, HPV82, HPV31, HPV18, HPV33, HPV58, HPV35, HPV52, and HPV51, the risk of CIN2+ was 11.5% and represented 97.1% of all CIN2+ in biopsied, hrHPV‐positive patients. The composite group of 8 remaining HPV genotypes (HPV39, HPV45, HPV53, HPV56, HPV59, HPV66, HPV68, and HPV73) was identified in 29.7% of hrHPV‐positive patients, and the risk of CIN2+ for this composite group was similar to the risk of CIN2+ in hrHPV‐negative patients.

CONCLUSIONS

This large retrospective study in a predominantly unvaccinated cohort demonstrated that extended hrHPV genotyping improves genotype‐specific risk stratification in women with L‐SIL.;
Grid integration of three phase solar powered fault‐tolerant cascaded H‐bridge inverter
Authors: Jami Rajesh , Nakka Jayaram , Pulavarthi Satya Venkata Kishore
Published: March 2022

Grid integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is becoming popular recently due to the merits of stable support to conventional grid, limiting global warming and reduced emissions. However, maintaining capacitor voltage balancing, unity power factor, sinusoidal grid current, and harmonic profile improvement are challenging tasks owing to change in irradiation conditions. Multilevel inverters (MLI) in grid‐connected systems will enhance the system's power quality in terms of voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD). One of the most promising multilevel topologies for renewable energy applications is the cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverter. Since CHB inverters include many components, they have a higher risk of failure, lowering system reliability. Due to the change in irradiation condition, the voltage across the corresponding DC link capacitor may vary. Therefore, the DC‐link capacitor balancing is mandatory and done by an individual control scheme. This paper presents a highly reliable, robust, and modular solar PV‐fed fault‐tolerant CHB inverter with an individual voltage/current control strategy for grid integration. Higher reliability and modularity, power factor correction, and harmonic profile improvement are the main objectives of the proposed system. The proposed system has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and validated with experimental results on the developed prototype for different irradiation conditions.
Rethinking textbooks as active social agents in interpretivist research
Authors: Goh Daeyoung
Published: March 2022

Textbooks are artifacts. They are made, used, interpreted, and understood in a wide range of ways. In this sense, regardless of its theoretical assumptions, textbook analysis is an evolving and pioneering task as textbooks bring about manifold knowledge, relationships, and emotions. When exploring the texts, images, and functions in and beyond the textbooks, researchers would recognize textbooks as interactive subjects in the social world rather than simply as content carriers. Although content analysis has long been employed as a methodology for textbook analysis, there are multiple pathways to investigate textbooks. The paper pays specific attention to interpretivist methodologies that may allow researchers to see the textbooks' interactive performance and impacts on others and researchers themselves. First, the paper reviews and pieces together previously established approaches and orientations of textbook studies. Second, the paper attempts to build a broad framework for analysing textbooks based mainly on Prior's and Cooren's arguments about reconceptualizing documents and texts, respectively. Third, the paper explores the implications of the analysis mentioned earlier and examines two interpretivist research methodologies, including symbolic interactionism and autoethnography, to open up the possibilities of rethinking textbooks as active social agents in human life instead of repositories of information and ideologies.
Social EEG: A novel neurodevelopmental approach to studying brain‐behavior links and brain‐to‐brain synchrony during naturalistic toddler–parent interactions
Authors: Norton Elizabeth S. , Manning Brittany L. , Harriott Emily M. , Nikolaeva Julia I. , Nyabingi Olufemi Shakuur , Fredian Kaitlyn M. , Page Jessica M. , McWeeny Sean , Krogh‐Jespersen Sheila , MacNeill Leigha A. , Roberts Megan Y. , Wakschlag Lauren S.
Published: March 2022

Despite increasing emphasis on emergent brain‐behavior patterns supporting language, cognitive, and socioemotional development in toddlerhood, methodologic challenges impede their characterization. Toddlers are notoriously difficult to engage in brain research, leaving a developmental window in which neural processes are understudied. Further, electroencephalography (EEG) and event‐related potential paradigms at this age typically employ structured, experimental tasks that rarely reflect formative naturalistic interactions with caregivers. Here, we introduce and provide proof of concept for a new “Social EEG” paradigm, in which parent–toddler dyads interact naturally during EEG recording. Parents and toddlers sit at a table together and engage in different activities, such as book sharing or watching a movie. EEG is time locked to the video recording of their interaction. Offline, behavioral data are microcoded with mutually exclusive engagement state codes. From 216 sessions to date with 2‐ and 3‐year‐old toddlers and their parents, 72% of dyads successfully completed the full Social EEG paradigm, suggesting that it is possible to collect dual EEG from parents and toddlers during naturalistic interactions. In addition to providing naturalistic information about child neural development within the caregiving context, this paradigm holds promise for examination of emerging constructs such as brain‐to‐brain synchrony in parents and children.
Status and distribution of jaguarundi in Texas and Northeastern México: Making the case for extirpation and initiation of recovery in the United States
Authors: Lombardi Jason V. , Haines Aaron M. , Watts G. Wesley , Grassman Lonnie I. , Janečka Jan E. , Caso Arturo , Carvajal Sasha , Wardle Zachary M. , Yamashita Thomas J. , Stasey W. Chad , Branney Aidan B. , Scognamillo Daniel G. , Campbell Tyler A. , Young John H. , Tewes Michael E.
Published: March 2022

The jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) is a small felid with a historical range from central Argentina through southern Texas. Information on the current distribution of this reclusive species is needed to inform recovery strategies in the United States where its last record was in 1986 in Texas. From 2003 to 2021, we conducted camera‐trap surveys across southern Texas and northern Tamaulipas, México to survey for medium‐sized wild cats (i.e., ocelots [Leopardus pardalis], bobcats [Lynx rufus], and jaguarundi). After 350,366 trap nights at 685 camera sites, we did not detect jaguarundis at 16 properties or along 2 highways (1050 km2) in Texas. However, we recorded 126 jaguarundi photographic detections in 15,784 trap nights on 2 properties (125.3 km2) in the northern Sierra of Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, México. On these properties, latency to detection was 72 trap nights, with a 0.05 probability of detection per day and 0.73 photographic event rate every 100 trap nights. Due to a lack of confirmed class I sightings (e.g., specimen, photograph) in the 18 years of this study, and no other class I observations since 1986 in the United States, we conclude that the jaguarundi is likely extirpated from the United States. Based on survey effort and results from México, we would have expected to detect jaguarundis over the course of the study if still extant in Texas. We recommend that state and federal agencies consider jaguarundis as extirpated from the United States and initiate recovery actions as mandated in the federal jaguarundi recovery plan. These recovery actions include identification of suitable habitat in Texas, identification of robust populations in México, and re‐introduction of the jaguarundi to Texas.
Altered IgG glycosylation at COVID‐19 diagnosis predicts disease severity
Authors: Vicente Manuel M. , Alves Inês , Gaifem Joana , Rodrigues Cláudia S. , Fernandes Ângela , Dias Ana M. , Štambuk Jerko , Petrović Tea , Oliveira Pedro , Ferreira‐da‐Silva Frederico , Soares Adriana , Seixas Nair , Teixeira Tiago , Malheiro Luis , Abreu Miguel M. , Lauc Gordan , Sarmento e Castro Rui , Pinho Salomé S.
Published: March 2022

The nature of the immune responses associated with COVID‐19 pathogenesis and disease severity, as well as the breadth of vaccine coverage and duration of immunity, is still unclear. Given the unpredictability for developing a severe/complicated disease, there is an urgent need in the field for predictive biomarkers of COVID‐19. We have analyzed IgG Fc N‐glycan traits of 82 SARS‐CoV‐2+ unvaccinated patients, at diagnosis, by nano‐LC‐ESI‐MS. We determined the impact of IgG Fc glyco‐variations in the induction of NK cells activation, further evaluating the association between IgG Fc N‐glycans and disease severity/prognosis. We found that SARS‐CoV‐2+ individuals display, at diagnosis, variations in the glycans composition of circulating IgGs. Importantly, levels of galactose and sialic acid structures on IgGs are able to predict the development of a poor COVID‐19 disease. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that a deficiency on galactose structures on IgG Fc in COVID‐19 patients appears to induce NK cells activation associated with increased release of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, which indicates the presence of pro‐inflammatory immunoglobulins and higher immune activation, associated with a poor disease course. This study brings to light a novel blood biomarker based on IgG Fc glycome composition with capacity to stratify patients at diagnosis.
Modeling the spread of hepatitis C virus amongst people who inject drugs
Authors: Greenhalgh David , Al‐Rashidi Nader
Published: March 2022

This article discusses two models, with two different needle assumptions for the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) between people who inject drugs (PWIDs) who share needles and syringes. Our analysis demonstrates that the basic reproduction number determines how the model behaves. is a crucial threshold parameter which divides two qualitatively different scenarios. It has been shown that if only a disease‐free equilibrium point exists. On the other hand if a unique endemic equilibrium point exists as well as the disease‐free one. The disease‐free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable if otherwise unstable. We look at an approximation to this model by using the fact that the timescale on which the individual PWIDs inject with needles or syringes is much faster than the timescale of epidemiological change. Also, we showed that if the endemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable for our approximation to this model. Additionally, we perform some simulations with realistic parameter values which confirm that if then the solutions to this model tend to this endemic equilibrium value giving a steady‐state nonzero HCV prevalence. With realistic parameter values for both assumptions we find that and the total endemic equilibrium fraction of infectious PWIDs is 0.5348 and the total equilibrium fraction of antibody positive PWIDs is 0.65. The total fraction of infectious needles is 0.275.
The promising solar‐powered water purification based on graphene functional architectures
Authors: Hu Yajie , Yao Houze , Liao Qihua , Lin Tengyu , Cheng Huhu , Qu Liangti
Published: March 2022

Solar‐powered water purification is able to gain freshwater from nonedible water by harnessing inexhaustible and pollution‐free sunlight energy, which is undergoing booming development to address the global water shortage. Due to the fascinating properties, numerous graphene‐based materials were devoted to the solar‐powered system from interfacial solar‐steam generation, towards solar pollutants degradation and even atmospheric water harvesting. Therefore, manipulations on graphene including chemical regulation and structural engineering were first introduced in this review, followed by the recent advancements in three main aspects of graphene‐based solar‐powered water purification concerning rapid steam generation, efficient pollutants degradation and significant atmospheric water harvesting. And the relationships between the designs of the materials with water purification performances were discussed in detail. Finally, a summary of challenges as well as the corresponding possible solutions were also suggested, aiming to provide scientific and technical inspirations to the flourishing solar‐powered water purification based on graphene functional architectures

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Effects of dietary protein level on small intestinal morphology, occludin protein, and bacterial diversity in weaned piglets
Authors: Ren Zhihua , Fan Haoyue , Deng Huidan , Yao Shuhua , Jia Guilin , Zuo Zhicai , Hu Yanchun , Shen Liuhong , Ma Xiaoping , Zhong Zhijun , Deng Youtian , Yao Renjie , Deng Junliang
Published: March 2022

Due to the physiological characteristics of piglets, the morphological structure and function of the small intestinal mucosa change after weaning, which easily leads to diarrhea in piglets. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of crude protein (CP) levels on small intestinal morphology, occludin protein expression, and intestinal bacteria diversity in weaned piglets. Ninety‐six weaned piglets (25 days of age) were randomly divided into four groups and fed diets containing 18%, 20%, 22%, and 24% protein. At 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, changes in mucosal morphological structure, occludin mRNA, and protein expression and in the localization of occludin in jejunal and ileal tissues were evaluated. At 6, 24, and 72 h, changes in bacterial diversity and number of the ileal and colonic contents were analyzed. Results showed that structures of the jejunum and the ileum of piglets in the 20% CP group were intact. The expression of occludin mRNA and protein in the small intestine of piglets in the 20% CP group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. As the CP level increased, the number of pathogens, such as Clostridium difficile and Escherichia coli, in the intestine increased, while the number of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Roseburia, decreased. It is concluded that maintaining the CP level at 20% is beneficial to maintaining the small intestinal mucosal barrier and its absorption function, reducing the occurrence of diarrhea, and facilitating the growth and development of piglets.
Optimized cutoffs of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase‐to‐platelet ratio, aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index, and fibrosis‐4 scoring systems for exclusion of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Li Hu , Wei Li , Tang Qiao , Hu Peng
Published: March 2022

Accurate prediction of the extent of fibrosis is of great clinical importance in patients infected with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to compare the performance of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase‐to‐platelet ratio (GPR), aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) in evaluating liver fibrosis stages and to identify optimized cutoffs to exclude cirrhosis. Consecutive patients with CHB with liver biopsies were enrolled and randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of APRI, FIB‐4, and GPR to distinguish fibrosis stages. New cutoffs with a sensitivity of at least 90% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of more than 95% were identified. A total of 880 individuals were enrolled in this study. The derivation data set consisted of 617 patients, with 82 patients with cirrhosis. In the validation cohort (n = 263), 29 patients had cirrhosis. APRI, FIB‐4, and GPR had comparable diagnostic performance for diagnosing significant fibrosis. GPR outperformed APRI (p < 0.05) in the prediction of cirrhosis. A newly identified GPR score of 0.35 had a sensitivity and NPV of 93.9% and 98.0%, respectively, and misclassified 5 of 82 (6.1%) patients with cirrhosis in the derivation group. All new cutoffs identified in this study also reached our goal in the validation cohort. The new GPR score could rule out a larger proportion of individuals without cirrhosis, and the subgroup analysis showed more stable performance. However, the lower cutoff dose increases the need for further testing compared to the conventional cutoff. Conclusion: A newly identified cutoff for GPR (<0.35) could rule out more patients without cirrhosis compared to APRI and FIB‐4 and have low misclassification rates.
Environmental overlap influences goal‐oriented coding of spatial sequences differently along the long‐axis of hippocampus
Authors: He Qiliang , Starnes Jon , Brown Thackery I.
Published: March 2022

When navigating our world we often first plan or retrieve a route to our goal, avoiding alternative paths to other destinations. Inspired by computational and animal models, we have recently demonstrated evidence that the human hippocampus supports prospective spatial coding, mediated by interactions with the prefrontal cortex. But the relationship between such signals and the need to discriminate possible routes based on their goal remains unclear. In the current study, we combined human fMRI, multi‐voxel pattern analysis, and an established paradigm for contrasting memories of nonoverlapping routes with those of routes that cross paths and must be disambiguated. By classifying goal‐oriented representations at the initiation of a navigational route, we demonstrate that environmental overlap modulates goal‐oriented representations in the hippocampus. This modulation manifest through representational shifts from posterior to anterior components of the right hippocampus. Moreover, declines in goal‐oriented decoding due to overlapping memories were predicted by the strength of the alternative memory, suggesting co‐expression and competition between alternatives in the hippocampus during prospective thought. Moreover, exploratory whole‐brain analyses revealed that a region of frontopolar cortex, which we have previously tied to prospective route planning, represented goal‐states in new overlapping routes. Together, our findings provide insight into the influences of contextual overlap on the long‐axis of the hippocampus and a broader memory and planning network that we have long‐associated with such navigation tasks.
Numerical investigation of ferromagnetic liquid film flow over an unsteady stretching surface in the presence of radiation and aligned magnetic field
Authors: Azghar Pasha B. , Narayana M. , Sowmya G. , Ramachandramurthy V.
Published: March 2022

An investigation of the two‐dimensional unsteady flow of a thin layer of ferromagnetic liquid past a stretching sheet is performed. The flow is exposed to an external magnetic field in the axial direction along with the thermal radiation effect. Relevant Maxwell's equations are considered together with the conservation laws of fluid dynamics to model the problem. The mathematical model is constructed using a system of partial differential equations with relevant boundary conditions, which are transformed into two‐point boundary value problem (BVP) using similarity transformations. The resultant BVP is numerically solved by a shooting technique that involves Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF45) method to integrate the initial value problem and the Newton–Raphson method to refine the guessed initial values. The influence of the dimensionless parameters on the flow and heat exchange characteristics is graphically analyzed. It is found that the thickness of the film increases for higher values of the thermal radiation parameter. The thermal profile shows increasing behavior with the radiation parameter and reverse effect with the Prandtl number.
MHD radiative ohmic heating nanofluid flow of a stretching penetrable wedge: A numerical analysis
Authors: Dharmaiah Gurram , Dinarvand Saeed , Balamurugan K. S.
Published: March 2022

The present numerical investigation has focused on the magnetohydrodynamics flow of a viscous nanofluid over a stretching wedge with the boundary convective conditions, thermal radiation, and ohmic heating. Buongiorno's two‐component nonhomogeneous nanoscale model was used and a dilute nanofluid with spherical type particles is considered. Similarity transformations are used to render the system of governing partial differential equations into a system of coupled similarity equations. The transformed equations are solved numerically with the BVP4C method. Validation of solutions with previous studies based on special cases of the general model is included. The salient features of fluid velocity profile, temperature as well as concentration profiles are discussed in a graphical manner for various values of selected governing factors. The skin friction coefficient, mass, and heat transfer rates are calculated and summarized. It is worthwhile noticing that the validation results exhibit an excellent agreement with already existing reports. The modeling of the present problem is useful in the thermal processing of sheet‐like substances that is a necessary operation in paper procurement, wire drawing, drawing of plastic films, polymeric sheets, and metal spinning.