bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biogeochemical contrast between different latitudes and the effect of human activity on spatio-temporal carbon cycle change in Asian river systems
Authors: Nakayama Tadanobu
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Recent research has shown inland water may play some role in carbon cycling, although the extent of its contribution has remained uncertain due to limited amount of reliable data available. In this study, the author applied an advanced model coupling eco-hydrology and biogeochemical cycle (NICE-BGC) to regional-continental scales, which incorporates complex coupling of hydrologic-carbon cycle and interplay between inorganic and organic carbon. The author evaluates latitudinal effect and human impact on hydrologic and carbon cycles between boreal Ob River, temperate Yangtze River, and subtropical Mekong River basins in Asia by using different resolutions of river network data. The model simulated more heterogenous distributions of water and carbon flux in the finer river network data in these regions, and helped to identify some hot spots on a regional scale. Then, the model was extended to continental scale at 1° × 1° resolution with a time step of Δt = 1 day to evaluate seasonal and diurnal variations in carbon flux parameters. The model result showed there is a seasonal variability of horizontal transport and vertical fluxes among boreal, temperate, and tropical regions and among each continent, which reflects seasonal variations of biologic and hydrologic processes there. The result showed CO2 evasion increases and sediment storage decreases in nighttime, particularly clearly seen temporarily in summer in Yangtze River, which implied some hot spots and hot moments in the day-night difference of vertical fluxes in regional scale. These results emphasize the important role of Asian river systems on global carbon cycle, and the further need to improve the resolution of simulation, to implement carbon observation network, and to apply satellite data in the higher-resolution.
EcoGEnIE 0.1: Plankton Ecology in the cGENIE Earth system model
Authors: Ward Ben A. , Wilson Jamie D. , Death Ros M. , Monteiro Fanny M. , Yool Andrew , Ridgwell Andy
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We present an extension to the cGENIE Earth System model that explicitly accounts for the growth and interaction of an arbitrary number of plankton species. The new package (ECOGEM) replaces the implicit, flux-based, parameterisation of the plankton community currently employed, with explicitly resolved plankton populations and ecological dynamics. In ECOGEM, any number of plankton species, with ecophysiological traits (e.g. growth and grazing rates) assigned according to organism size and functional group (e.g. phytoplankton and zooplankton) can be incorporated at run-time. We illustrate the capability of the marine ecology enabled Earth system model (EcoGENIE) by comparing results from one configuration of ECOGEM (with eight generic phytoplankton and zooplankton size classes) to climatological and seasonal observations. We find that the new ecological components of the model show reasonable agreement with both global-scale climatological and local-scale seasonal data. We also compare EcoGENIE results to a the existing biogeochemical incarnation of cGENIE. We find that the resulting global-scale distributions of phosphate, iron, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity and oxygen are similar for both iterations of the model. A slight deterioration in some fields in EcoGENIE (relative to the data) is observed, although we make no attempt to re-tune the overall marine cycling of carbon and nutrients here. The increased capabilities of EcoGENIE in this regard will enable future exploration of the ecological community on much longer timescales than have previously been examined in global ocean ecosystem models and particularly for past climates and global biogeochemical cycles.
Global assessment of land cover changes and rural-urban interface in Portugal
Authors: Tonini Marj , Parente Joana , Pereira Mario
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The wildland-/rural-urban interface (WUI/RUI) is a particularly important aspect of the fire regime. In Mediterranean basin most of the fires in this pyro region are caused by humans and the risk and consequences are particularly high due to the close proximity to population, human infrastructures and urban areas. Population increase, urban growth and the rapid changes in land use incurred in Europe over the last 30 years has been unprecedented, especially nearby the metropolitan areas, and some of these trends are expected to continue. Associated to high socioeconomic development, Portugal experienced in the last decades significant land cover/land use changes (LCLUC), population dynamics and demographic trends in response to migration, rural abandonment, and ageing of rural population. This study aims to assess the evolution of RUI in Portugal, from 1990 to 2012, based on LCLUC providing also a quantitative characterization of forest fires dynamics in relation to the burnt area. Obtained results disclose important LCLUC which spatial distribution is far from uniform within the territory. A significant increase in artificial surfaces is registered nearby the main metropolitan communities of the northwest and littoral-central and southern regions, whilst the abandonment of agricultural land nearby the inland urban areas leads to an increase of uncultivated semi-natural and forest areas. Within agricultural areas, heterogeneous patches suffered the greatest changes and are the main contributors to the increase of urban areas. Moreover these are among the LCLU classes with higher burnt area, reasons why heterogeneous agricultural areas have been included in the definition of RUI. Finally, the mapped RUI’s area, burnt area and burnt area within RUI allow to conclude that, form 1990 to 2012 in Portugal, RUI increased more than two thirds and total burnt area decreased one third. Nevertheless, burnt area within RUI doubled, which emphasize the significance of RUI for land and fire managers. This research provides a first quantitative global assessment of RUI in Portugal and presents an innovative analysis on the impact of land use changes on burnt areas.
The modelled liquid water balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Steger Christian R. , Reijmer Carleen H. , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Recent studies indicate that the surface mass balance will dominate the Greenland Ice Sheet's (GrIS) contribution to 21st century sea level rise. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the liquid water balance (LWB) of the ice sheet and its response to increasing surface melt. We therefore analyse a firn simulation conducted with the SNOWPACK model for the GrIS and over the period 1960–2014 with a special focus on the LWB and refreezing. Evaluations of the simulated refreezing climate with GRACE and firn temperature observations indicate a good model–observation agreement. Results of the LWB analysis reveal a spatially uniform increase in surface melt (0.16 m w.e. a−1) during 1990–2014. As a response, refreezing and run-off also indicate positive changes during this period (0.05 and 0.11 m w.e. a−1, respectively), where refreezing increases at only half the rate of run-off, implying that the majority of the additional liquid input runs off the ice sheet. This pattern of refreeze and run-off is spatially variable. For instance, in the south-eastern part of the GrIS, most of the additional liquid input is buffered in the firn layer due to relatively high snowfall rates. Modelled increase in refreezing leads to a decrease in firn air content and to a substantial increase in near-surface firn temperature. On the western side of the ice sheet, modelled firn temperature increases are highest in the lower accumulation zone and are primarily caused by the exceptional melt season of 2012. On the eastern side, simulated firn temperature increases are more gradual and are associated with the migration of firn aquifers to higher elevations.
Avaliação da área de disposição final de resíduos sólidos no município de Goiânia – GO
Authors: Amaral Ana Karolyna Nunes , Costa Frederick Douglas Rodrigues , Ribeiro Noely Vicente
Published: November 2017

ResumoA correta disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos tem sido uns dos principais desafios encontrados pelos governantes do território brasileiro nas últimas décadas. Devido as pressões por parte do governo federal, os lixões estão em processo de extinção e estes vêm sendo substituídos por aterros sanitários, que é a forma ambientalmente mais adequada de dispor os resíduos. Porém, o funcionamento e a operacionalidade dos aterros sanitários deixam a desejar em alguns aspectos se observadas as exigências legais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo, avaliar a adequabilidade da disposição dos resíduos sólidos na cidade de Goiânia – GO. O método utilizado para realizar, avaliação foi o Índice de Qualidade de Aterro de Resíduos (IQR). O resultado final da classificação do aterro foi de 6,00 encontrando-se em condições inadequadas de atuação.Palavras-Chave: Aterro Sanitário. Lixo. Índice de Qualidade de Aterro de Resíduos. Impacto Ambiental. AbstractThe correct final disposition of urban solid waste has been one of the main challenges that were found by the government of the Brazilian territory in the last decades. Due to the pressure by the federal government, the garbage dumps are in the process of extinction and they have substituted by sanitary embankments, which are a better way to waste disposition. However, the working and operation of the sanitary embankments have a lack of fulfillment of the legal requirements. This work has the objective of evaluate the better way of sanitary waste disposition on the Goiania-GO city, using like an instrument of evaluation the Index of Quality of Waste Landfill (IQR). The result of the embankment classification was 6,00, which was found inadequate.Keywords: Sanitary Embankment, Trash, Index of Quality of Waste Landfill, Environmental Impact. ResumenLa correcta disposición final de residuos urbanos ha sido uno de los principales desafíos encontrados por los gobernantes del territorio brasileño en las últimas décadas. Debido a las presiones por parte del gobierno federal, los basureros están en proceso de extinción y estos han sido sustituidos por terraplenes sanitarios, lo cual es una forma ambientalmente más adecuada de disposición de residuos. Sin embargo, el funcionamiento y operación de los terraplenes sanitarios no siempre cumplen, en algunos aspectos, las exigencias legales. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar la forma más adecuada de la disposición de residuos sanitarios en la ciudad de Goiânia-GO, utilizando como instrumento de evaluación el Índice de Calidad de Terraplén de Residuos (IQR). El resultado final de la clasificación del terraplén fue de 6,00 el cual se encuentra en condiciones inadecuadas de operación.Palabras clave: Terraplén Sanitário, Basura, Índice de Calidad de Terraplén de Residuos, Impacto Ambiental.
Towards a simple and secure method for binary cryptography via linear algebra
Authors: Alcantara Licinius Dimitri Sá de
Published: November 2017

A simple and secure binary matrix encryption (BME) method is proposed and formalized on a linear algebra basis. The developed cryptography scheme does not require the idealization of a set of complex procedures or the generation of parallel bit stream for encryption of data, but it only needs to capture binary data sequences from the unprotected digital data, which are transformed into encrypted binary sequences by a cipher matrix. This method can be performed on physical or application layer level, and can be easily applied into any digital storage and telecommunication system. It also has the advantage that the encrypted data length is not increased, which avoids additional burden for data storage and transmission. In order to validate the presented methodology, a GNU Octave program code was written to encrypt and decrypt data files.
Mecanismo de controle e gerência de segurança para ambientes colaborativos
Authors: De Souza Maykon Chagas , Silva Jucélio Jair , Wangham Michelle Silva
Published: November 2017

As organizações virtuais (OVs) permitem a formação de ambientes colaborativos com regras e políticas específicas para permitir o acesso dos pesquisadores aos recursos disponibilizados pelas OVs. Nestes ambientes, o modelo de identidades federadas oferece ao usuário autenticação única (SSO) e federada. As OVs podem ser formadas por domínios heterogêneos (instituições) que ultrapassam o escopo de uma única Federação; para isto, é necessário o estabelecimento das relações de confiança entre os domínios das diferentes Federações. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um mecanismo de controle e gerência de segurança para ambientes colaborativos (GSOV) responsável por prover o estabelecimento das relações de confiança entre os domínios administrativos que estão em diferentes federações e que contribui com a autenticação e autorização dos usuários da OV.
PRODUTIVIDADE CIENTÍFICA ACERCA DA NEOPLASIA MALIGNA BUCAL E DA REABILITAÇÃO BUCAL: UMA ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Authors: Fernandes Marta Regina Chaves Camilo , Da Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra , De Souza Jully Hannay Santos , De Lima Larissa Chaves Morais , Santos Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira , De França Inácia Sátiro Xavier
Published: November 2017

Analisar resultados da recuperação de artigos sobre a temática neoplasia bucal e reabilitação bucal, publicados entre os anos de 1990 e abril de 2016, identificar a dispersão das publicações, examinar o padrão de autoria e citações na base de dados Scopus, a partir das Leis de Bradford e Lotka. Estudo bibliométrico, com abordagem descritiva e quantitativa. Realizada análise de artigos publicados em periódicos indexados na base de dados Scopus, utilizando-se os termos Mouth Neoplasms e Mouth Rehabilitation. Foram recuperados 28 artigos originais, publicados em 18 revistas, com distribuição irregular no período estudado. No momento da análise, identificou-se 222 citações com média de oito por documento. Medicina e odontologia se destacaram com publicações na temática. A Alemanha foi o país com maior produção científica. O estudo evidencia um quantitativo discreto de publicações e revela um campo que necessita do engajamento da enfermagem.
Um mundo sem animais, ou a rota da nossa desconexão
Authors: Aparicio Miguel
Published: November 2017

No tempo do Antropoceno, uma nova excepcionalidade humana emerge de forma crítica: não aquela que atribui aos humanos uma condição de excelência, posição isolante em relação aos demais habitantes da Terra. Trata-se, agora, da excepcionalidade que faz dos humanos os viventes mais poderosamente capazes de alterar o equilíbrio termodinâmico do planeta, dissolvendo assim as fronteiras entre geologia e história. De forma disruptiva, os humanos nos tornamos vetor de alteração climática e de mudanças ambientais irreversíveis em âmbito planetário, numa escala de impactos que nenhum outro vivente atingiu. Os animais da terra estão entre os seres mais atingidos pelas transformações do planeta, muitos deles estão extinguindo-se numa escala e ritmo inéditos. O desaparecimento de espécies animais levanta perguntas definitivas sobre o mundo em que vivemos e sobre a nossa própria condição humana. Este ensaio segue esta trilha inquietante sob a inspiração do pensamento de Derrida, Agambem, Haraway e de alguns povos indígenas da Amazônia ocidental.
Sua doação é meu negócio: Uma etnografia em um empreendimento de Crowdfunding brasileiro.
Authors: Scoz Pasteur de Faria Louise
Published: November 2017

Viver os sonhos. Mudar o mundo. Fazer acontecer. Expressões impregnadas de moralidade e subjetividade passaram a compor a gramática das paisagens empresariais contemporâneas, associadas fortemente à uma idéia de inovação como um fluxo contínuo e criativo de idéias, coisas e pessoas que colocam "o novo” em movimento. Falar em inovação pode parecer, muitas vezes, parte de uma narrativa dispersa e desincorporada que reifica noções de eficácia, produtividade e racionalidade econômica. Isso, no entanto, não conduz a uma reflexão densa a respeito dos modos através dos quais a economia é pensada, feita e imaginada no curso da vida. A partir de uma etnografia de um empreendimento de tecnologia crowdfunding brasileiro, busco apreender os modos através dos quais essa gramática da inovação é agenciada e suas implicações econômicas, políticas e subjetivas.
Amor de Pessoa: ficção, escrita antropológica e amor no diálogo epistolar entre Fernando Pessoa e Ofélia Queiroz
Authors: Mangabeira Clark
Published: November 2017

O objetivo desse ensaio é estabelecer um diálogo interdisciplinar entre teorias da ficção, a antropologia das emoções – especialmente sobre a categoria amor – e a escrita antropológica a partir da análise da troca de cartas amorosas entre Fernando Pessoa e Ofélia Queiroz. A categoria amor é eleita como o catalisador da análise, sendo pensada em termos de ficção e realidade em uma unidade paradoxal de existência. As cartas, enquanto diálogo, são o aporte para uma reflexão sobre a escrita e o fazer antropológico, atrelado à noção de ficção não como sinônimo de invenção, mas como uma categoria de cognição teórica e pragmática.
Corpo sem classe:elegância natural e teatralidade elegante
Authors: Brito de Lima Silva Joana
Published: November 2017

O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar, a partir de publicações sobre elegância em portais de internet brasileiros e franceses, um controvertido processo de ensino-aprendizagem: na teoria, afirma-se que, independentemente da classe social, a essência elegante se manifestaria nas escolhas feitas de acordo com um referencial de medida certa; na prática, exige-se uma sabedoria prévia para ser elegante, que expresse naturalidade. Eis o ponto da controvérsia: como agir naturalmente quando se interioriza um roteiro para encenar o papel de pessoa elegante? Assim, o artigo discute as contradições e consequências dessa reificação da elegância; isto é, como a teatralidade da conduta transforma-se numa naturalidade encenada: de um lado, o corpo de classe (socializado na classe alta) expressa o papel de membro da elite legitimamente elegante, de outro, um corpo sem classe (fora da elite) segue o mesmo script, na tentativa de encenar a elegância pré-fabricada e comercializada pelas mídias especialistas no assunto.
Pleomorphic liposarcoma of the chest wall: A case report
Authors: McConnell Delandy H.Y. , Michel David St. , Shienbaum Alan J. , Nayar Amrit , Roy Darshan
Published: November 2017

Liposarcomas represent the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma. Liposarcoma is sub-classified into dedifferentiated, myxoid, pleomorphic, and unspecified types, with the pleomorphic form being the most rare. The most common locations of this tumor are the popliteal fossa, retroperitoneum, neck and genitourinary system. Primary axillary, chest wall and intrathoracic origin of this lesion is extremely rare with few studies available to guide treatment. This study describes the wide surgical excision of a pleomorphic liposarcoma of the chest wall, which was successfully resected after obtaining magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic angiogram, and positron emission tomography scan. We also describe how the definitive diagnosis was established by histopathologic analysis.
Positions and Preferences: Faculty Goes for Lifelong Learning, a View from Turkey
Authors: Haseski Halil İbrahim , Odabaşı Hatice Ferhan
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate academicians’ lifelong learning positions and preferences. The research was designed as survey research. The participants consisted of 230 academicians from Faculty of Education of Anadolu University in Turkey. Data was collected using a survey form which had items about the factors that affect lifelong learning process of academicians. It was found that lifelong learning survey scores of participants vary according to their departments, branches, ages, seniorities, genders and academic titles. It was also found that academicians of education faculty mainly participate in scientific and teaching activities in lifelong learning.
Cognitive Diagnostic Research on Chinese Students’ English Listening Skills and Implications on Skill Training
Authors: Chen Huilin , Chen Jinsong
Published: November 2017

By analyzing the test data of 2718 secondary school students in Guangzhou China on 15 listening items from Guangzhou English Achievement Examination (2015) through G-DINA model, the study explored the relationships among the listening comprehension skills. Based on the test specifications and listening skill taxonomies in existence, 5 experts in language skills and language testing conducted item content analysis independently for the 15 listening items, defined 5 listening attributes, and constructed the Q-matrix. After analyzing latent classes and their posterior probabilities, the study discovered the relationship among the listening skills. According to the listening skill relationship, the study provides insights on the sequence of listening skill training. The efficiency of training may be improved when closely related listening skills are instructed and practiced at the same time. The study also demonstrates that the compensatory and saturated G-DINA model caters to the characteristics of listening comprehension skills and can be applied to tests involving highly interactive and hierarchical skills.
A Phenomenological Study: The Impacts of Developing Phonetic Awareness through Technological Resources on English Language Learners’ (ELL) Communicative Competences
Authors: Fabre-Merchan Paolo , Torres-Jara Gabriela , Andrade-Dominguez Francisco , Ortiz-Zurita Ma. Jose , Alvarez-Munoz Patricio
Published: November 2017

Throughout our experience within the English Language Teaching (ELT) field and while acquiring a second language in English a Foreign Language (EFL) and English as a Second Language (ESL) settings, we have noticed that one of the main perceived challenges for English Language Learners (ELLs) is to effectively communicate. Most of the time, this issue comes from the concern or fear to mispronounce any word, considering that English manages some variations on its phonetic alphabet, which differs from other languages. Therefore, it becomes necessary for ELLs the acquisition of English phonemic awareness to improve their pronunciation, fluency, and confidence when orally communicating in English. Basing on the interlanguage hypothesis, phonemic awareness, English phonology theories, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and resources, this study aims to analyze: a.) to what extend does phonemic awareness development influence on students’ communication skills? b.) How effective is the implementation of technology to develop phonemic awareness? To do so, a phenomenological study, based on the constructivism epistemology, was conducted including a deep revision of the existed literature, various studies previously applied, and the researchers’ experience within the teaching and professional field to examine the impacts of developing phonetic awareness through technological resources on English language learners’ (ELL) communicative competences.
Effects of Electronic Reading Environments’ Structure on L2 Reading Comprehension
Authors: Al-Seghayer Khalid
Published: November 2017

This study examines the effects of an electronic reading environment’s structure on second language (L2) reading comprehension. In particular, this study explores whether clarifying the underlying structure of an electronic text, along with the ways in which its units or nodes are organized and interrelated results in better comprehension as well as whether L2 reading proficiency affects the comprehension of electronic text. In this study, 40 English as a second language (ESL) learners, grouped into proficient and less-proficient groups based on their scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language’s (TOEFL’s) Reading section, were asked to read two electronic texts using computerized programs classified as either “well structured” or “less structured.” To assess the efficacy of each type of reading environment, two tests—a multiple-choice test and a mapping of main ideas and details (MOMID) test—were developed and administered to the participants after they read each text. The results of these tests were analyzed using a paired-samples t-test and a two-way (proficiency level by computerized reading program) mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that well-structured electronic texts can aid ESL readers in developing a more coherent mental representation of the electronic texts’ content, thereby increasing their reading comprehension. Furthermore, well-structured electronic texts are more helpful for less-proficient readers than for more-proficient readers. These findings have significant pedagogical and technological implications for L2 reading instructors and instructional designers.
La enseñanza de la arquitectura en primer año: estudios comparados
Authors: Albornoz Cristina , Mejía Claudia , Restrepo Fabio , Villazón Rafael , Saga Manuel
Published: November 2017

Esta comunicación hace parte del proyecto de investigación: “La enseñanza de la arquitectura en primer año”, adelantado por el grupo de investigación en Arquitectura, Ciudad y Educación -ACE, del programa de Arquitectura de la Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá-Colombia. El proyecto se origina a partir del compromiso
con la educación en arquitectura y en particular con la formación en la etapa inicial, primer año o ciclo básico. Plantea la revisión de planes de estudio en diversas escuelas con el propósito de analizar los contenidos (proyectuales, históricos, técnicos, urbanísticos), las metodologías de transmisión de conocimiento y proponer un modelo de enseñanza que permita orientar estrategias aplicables en diversos planes curriculares, además de construir un material de referencia útil sobre educación en arquitectura.
Esta comunicación se centra en la apertura de cuatro temáticas transversales que permiten orientar la discusión a problemáticas comunes susceptibles de ser verificadas en las diferentes áreas de conocimiento en que se compartimentan los programas de arquitectura, en particular en primer año de formación.

The following proposal is part of the research project: “First Year Architectural Education”, lead by the research group in Architecture, City and Education-ACE, of the Architecture program at Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá-Colombia. The project emerges from the commitment to education in architecture and in particular with the training in the initial stage: the first year. The project intends to review curricula at various schools, extract their contents (architectural design, history, construction and urbanism related) and their methodologies of knowledge transfer,
in order to propose a teaching model that suggests strategies applicable in various curricula, as well as to contribute knowledge on architectural education.
This paper focuses on the proposals of four cross-subjects or common problems in different knowledge areas in which architecture teaching use to be divided,
especially in its first year.
Innovations of architectural studies at Kaunas University of Technology
Authors: Kamičaitytė-Virbašienė Jūratė , Lim Tea , Zaleckis Kęstutis
Published: November 2017

During the last decade in the context of the desired results of architectural studies described in European directive 2013/55/EU the following problems and challenges in the field of learning quality at KTU could be observed: the lack of study process flexibility; the lack of students’ ability to integrate knowledge gained from different study subjects; the lack of analytical and communication skills, etc. Having in mind three basic elements, like systematicity, integrity, and flexibility, we are gradually improving architectural studies by trying to integrate related study subjects and put stronger emphasis on architectural design and urban planning study modules; to develop study results which are directly related with the precise skills necessary for architect; to seek for the new study methods, etc. We also state that even small improvements of the study methods can lead to the efficient solution of these problems. Our solutions are unusual and innovative in the context of East European traditional learning of architecture. The aim of the paper is to review the experience of solving the mentioned problems in KTU by improving study aims, results, methods, and curriculum of the first cycle study program.
Aprendiendo a pensar con las manos: estrategias creativas de aprendizaje en Arquitectura
Authors: Alba-Dorado María Isabel
Published: November 2017

Every project comes into existence through a handmade object. When designing, our hands act as tools that move between the worlds of matter and thought, making it possible to work with our ideas, clarifying them and fixing them up into
something buildable. From the drawing, the performing of sketches, models, collages ... we can travel that road made by ideas to enter a world of physical reality through a process in which the actions of thinking, drawing and building
continually succeed each other. This article tries to explore the role of our hands when designing in order to learn more about the process of creating the architectural project and the way it is generated, to finally speak about issues
interesting for us concerning the way they are taught.

Todo proyecto comienza a existir a través de un objeto realizado con las manos. Al proyectar nuestras manos actúan como herramientas que se mueven entre el mundo de la materia y el pensamiento, haciendo posible el trabajo con nuestras ideas, precisándolas y fijándolas hasta convertirlas en algo construible. A partir del dibujo, de la realización de bocetos, croquis, maquetas, collages… nos es posible recorrer ese camino que hacen las ideas hasta incorporarse al mundo de la realidad física a través de un proceso en el que las acciones de pensar, dibujar y construir se suceden continuamente. Este artículo trata de profundizar en el papel que juegan nuestras manos a la hora de proyectar con el objetivo de conocer más acerca del proceso de creación del proyecto de arquitectura y de cómo éste se genera para, en último término, pronunciarnos acerca de cuestiones que nos interesan en relación con su docencia.
Aplicación de la metodología ABP en las asignaturas Construcción I-II
Authors: Lizundia Iñigo , Etxepare Lauren
Published: November 2017

This paper explains the way in which matters Construction-I and Construction-II have been given, in the Degree of Architecture of the Higher Technical School of Architecture in San Sebastian, during 2015-16, by using for the first time a Project Based Learning (PBL) active methodology. The methodology was implemented during the first four-month period in matter Construction-I, within the framework of the "training program of professors in active teaching methodologies ERAGIN" by the University of the Basque Country. At the conclusion, after an analysis of the
developed work and taking into account the good performance results, teachers decided to continue applying the PBL methodology in matter Construction-II, in the second four-month period, making some minor adjustments in order to correct mistakes and to optimize its application. The final result was positive, and the experience will be useful to make a future common design of both matters, based on the same methodology.

El artículo expone el modo en el que se han impartido las asignaturas Construcción-I y Construcción-II, de 3er curso del Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura de la ETSA de Donostia-San Sebastián (EHU/UPV), durante el curso 2015-16, utilizando por 1ª vez la metodología activa ABP (Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos). Su implantación en Construcción-I durante el 1er cuatrimestre del curso se realizó en el marco del “Programa de formación del profesorado en metodologías activas de enseñanza ERAGIN” de EHU/UPV. A su conclusión, tras un análisis del trabajo desarrollado y los buenos resultados obtenidos, se decidió continuar con la metodología PBL en la asignatura Construcción II del 2º
cuatrimestre realizando una serie de pequeños cambios para corregir errores y optimizar su aplicación. Los resultados finales han sido también muy positivos y la experiencia servirá para realizar un diseño unificado de ambas asignaturas basado en la misma metodología en los próximos cursos.
Inmersión en el proyecto arquitectónico: ideación, debate y construcción
Authors: Carbajal-Ballell Rodrigo , Rodrigues-De-Oliveira Silvana
Published: November 2017

This teaching methodological proposal aims to involve the first year students in the real complexity of architectural design, taking the three-dimensional model as a vehicle for learning. Expanding the scale of the model into a living space, the
project reaches its target creating a place that can be explored and recognized in all its complexity. Ideation, debate and construction are essential operations in the proyectual creation process. Reflecting, exchanging ideas and defending them, finding new relationships and references, learning the material, its qualities and construction systems, are all recurring actions that occur simultaneously for the project development. Teaching this process as scheduled and directed procedure has been the main goal of this educational project implemented for five years, that is: systematizing the process from the initial stage of analysis and conception to the construction of two temporary/ephemeral exhibition pavilions, at the Higher Technical School of Architecture, Universidad de Sevilla in April 2015.

Esta propuesta metodológica pretende favorecer la inmersión del alumno de primer curso en la realidad del proyecto arquitectónico, tomando como vehículo de aprendizaje la maqueta. Dilatando su escala hasta construir un espacio habitable, el proyecto alcanza su objetivo conformando un espacio que podrá ser recorrido y reconocido en toda su complejidad. La ideación, el debate y la construcción son operaciones esenciales del proceso de creación proyectual. Reflexionar, intercambiar ideas y defenderlas, buscar nuevas relaciones y referencias, producir intercambios, conocer los materiales, sus cualidades y sistemas constructivos, son acciones, todas ellas, recurrentes y simultaneas en la elaboración del proyecto. Enseñar esta realidad como un procedimiento creativo, pautado y dirigido, ha sido el objetivo de este proyecto docente aplicado durante cinco años, sistematizar el proceso, desde su fase inicial de análisis e ideación hasta la construcción de dos pabellones expositivos, de carácter efímero, en la Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de Sevilla, el resultado.
Concurso de ideas y construcción de un espacio escénico efímero en el Solar Corona de Valencia, o como aprender “haciendo”
Authors: Navarro-Morcillo Jesús , Bosch-Roig Luis , Carratalá-Collado Diego , Ferrer-Ribera Carmen , Lizondo-Sevilla Laura , López-Collado Sara
Published: November 2017

The aim of this communication is to present the experience of innovation called "Ideas and construction contest of a ephemeral stage in the Solar Corona of Valencia", from the point of view of planning, development and results. It is a 10
weeks learning activity, carried out in the course 2015-16, in the subjects of Project 2, Project 3, Project 4 and Project 5, in the Workshop 2 belonging to the Architectural Design Department at the Polytechnic University of Valencia. In the
activity participated 476 students and 20 teachers. Surveys and evaluation results indicate a good result of the implementation of innovation. Thus, a higher percentage of attendance at classes, a higher degree of approved subjects and greater satisfaction of students and teachers involved was achieved.

El objeto de la comunicación es presentar la experiencia de la innovación denominada “Concurso de ideas y construcción de un espacio escénico efímero en el Solar Corona de Valencia”, desde el punto de vista de la planificación, desarrollo y resultados. Se trata de una actividad formativa de 10 semanas de duración, llevada a cabo en el curso 2015-16 en las asignaturas de Proyectos 2, Proyectos 3, Proyectos 4 y Proyectos 5, en el Taller 2 del Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, en la que participaron un total de 476 alumnos y 20 profesores. Los resultados de la evaluación y las encuestas indican un buen resultado de la puesta en marcha de la innovación. Así pues, se consiguió un mayor porcentaje de asistencia a las clases, un mayor grado de aprobados en las asignaturas y una mayor satisfacción de los estudiantes y profesores implicados.
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Ginger Spiced Yoghurt
Authors: Moyouwou Amadou Njoya , Abah Richard Ejoh , Caroline Waingeh Nain , Hélène Imele , Kelly Ndombow Yakum , Jules-Roger Kuiate
Published: November 2017

The physicochemical and sensory properties of ginger spiced yoghurt were investigated in the present study. Four yoghurt samples: A, B, C and D were prepared by addition of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (W/V) of ginger powder. Physicochemical properties of yoghurt samples determined at day 0 included pH, titratable acidity, dry matter, ash, fat and non-fat solid (NFS). The pH and titratable acidity were also evaluated during 30 days of storage at refrigerated conditions (4 – 6°C). The sensory attributes assessed were colour, odour, taste, texture and overall acceptability. From the results, ginger powder did not affect (P>0.05) the pH and titratable acidity of yoghurt but increased (P≤0.05) the dry matter, fat, NFS and ash content especially when spiced at 1% and 1.5% level. The spiced yoghurt did not show significant changes (P>0.05) in titratable acidity during storage as opposed to the unspiced yoghurt that increased (P<0.05) with storage time. The pH values of spiced yoghurt were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by storage contrary to the unspiced yoghurt. At the end of storage, the unspiced yoghurt presented the lowest (P≤0.05) pH and the highest (P≤0.05) titratable acidity. Results of sensory evaluation revealed the low appreciation of the spiced yoghurt with an increase in the proportion of ginger powder. However, yoghurt with 0.5% ginger powder was appreciated equally (P>0.05) with the unspiced sample. Spicing yoghurt with ginger powder therefore has positive effect on its physicochemical properties and shelf –life. The yoghurt spiced with 0.5% ginger powder could therefore be recommended.
Effect of Lifestyle on Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Presenting at Doctors Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Imdad Seema , Mehmood Alvi Farrakh , Kousar Naheeda , Shuja Fatima
Published: November 2017

Objectives: To study the effect of lifestyle on coronary artery disease and to identify the strength of association between coronary artery disease and lifestyle factors among patients belonging to upper class of Lahore.
Method: Seventy-two cases and 72 controls were recruited using convenient purposive sampling technique. Dietary pattern, activity level and socio-demographic profile were assessed with well-designed interview questionnaire.
Results: According to statistical analysis of dietary factors, consumption of red meat, bakery products, restaurant food, fast food, soft drinks showed significant association with disease, whereas role of fruits and vegetables was found protective. Use of desi ghee had no significance in causing CAD in current study. Results of BMI and hip-waist ratio showed insignificance. Activity level was also insignificant while smoking and stress were significant. In socio demographic profile, sex of the respondents showed that 68.1% were male and 31.9% were females having CAD, so it was also statistically significant that heart diseases were more in males. Married individuals also showed significant result.
Conclusion: According to results, consumption of red meat, bakery products, restaurant food, fast food, soft drinks showed significant association with disease, whereas role of fruits and vegetables was found protective. Whole wheat, desi ghee had no significance in causing CAD in current study. Results of BMI and hip-waist ratio showed insignificance. Activity level was also insignificant while smoking and stress was found to be associated. In socio demographic profile male sex, married individuals showed significant relation with CAD. Education, family type and income had no relation with heart disease in this study.
Otoferlin acts as a Ca2+ sensor for vesicle fusion and vesicle pool replenishment at auditory hair cell ribbon synapses
Authors: Michalski Nicolas , Goutman Juan D , Auclair Sarah Marie , Boutet de Monvel Jacques , Tertrais Margot , Emptoz Alice , Parrin Alexandre , Nouaille Sylvie , Guillon Marc , Sachse Martin , Ciric Danica , Bahloul Amel , Hardelin Jean-Pierre , Sutton Roger Bryan , Avan Paul , Krishnakumar Shyam S , Rothman James E , Dulon Didier , Safieddine Saaid , Petit Christine
Published: November 2017

Hearing relies on rapid, temporally precise, and sustained neurotransmitter release at the ribbon synapses of sensory cells, the inner hair cells (IHCs). This process requires otoferlin, a six C2-domain, Ca2+-binding transmembrane protein of synaptic vesicles. To decipher the role of otoferlin in the synaptic vesicle cycle, we produced knock-in mice (Otof Ala515,Ala517/Ala515,Ala517) with lower Ca2+-binding affinity of the C2C domain. The IHC ribbon synapse structure, synaptic Ca2+ currents, and otoferlin distribution were unaffected in these mutant mice, but auditory brainstem response wave-I amplitude was reduced. Lower Ca2+ sensitivity and delay of the fast and sustained components of synaptic exocytosis were revealed by membrane capacitance measurement upon modulations of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, by varying Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+-channels or Ca2+ uncaging. Otoferlin thus functions as a Ca2+ sensor, setting the rates of primed vesicle fusion with the presynaptic plasma membrane and synaptic vesicle pool replenishment in the IHC active zone.
Male sex pheromone components in Heliconius butterflies released by the androconia affect female choice
Authors: Darragh Kathy , Vanjari Sohini , Mann Florian , Gonzalez-Rojas Maria F. , Morrison Colin R. , Salazar Camilo , Pardo-Diaz Carolina , Merrill Richard M. , McMillan W. Owen , Schulz Stefan , Jiggins Chris D.
Published: November 2017

Sex-specific pheromones are known to play an important role in butterfly courtship, and may influence both individual reproductive success and reproductive isolation between species. Extensive ecological, behavioural and genetic studies of Heliconius butterflies have made a substantial contribution to our understanding of speciation. Male pheromones, although long suspected to play an important role, have received relatively little attention in this genus. Here, we combine morphological, chemical and behavioural analyses of male pheromones in the Neotropical butterfly Heliconius melpomene. First, we identify putative androconia that are specialized brush-like scales that lie within the shiny grey region of the male hindwing. We then describe putative male sex pheromone compounds, which are largely confined to the androconial region of the hindwing of mature males, but are absent in immature males and females. Finally, behavioural choice experiments reveal that females of H. melpomene, H. erato and H. timareta strongly discriminate against conspecific males which have their androconial region experimentally blocked. As well as demonstrating the importance of chemical signalling for female mate choice in Heliconius butterflies, the results describe structures involved in release of the pheromone and a list of potential male sex pheromone compounds.
Coimmunoprecipitation of reversibly glycosylated polypeptide with sucrose synthase from developing castor oilseeds
Authors: Fedosejevs Eric T. , Liu Leo N.C. , Abergel Megan , She Yi‐Min , Plaxton William C.
Published: November 2017

The sucrose synthase (SUS) interactome of developing castor oilseeds (COS; Ricinus communis) was assessed using coimmunoprecipitation (co‐IP) with anti‐(COS RcSUS1)‐IgG followed by proteomic analysis. A 41‐kDa polypeptide (p41) that coimmunoprecipitated with RcSUS1 from COS extracts was identified as reversibly glycosylated polypeptide‐1 (RcRGP1) by LC‐MS/MS and anti‐RcRGP1 immunoblotting. Reciprocal Far‐western immunodot blotting corroborated the specific interaction between RcSUS1 and RcRGP1. Co‐IP using anti‐(COS RcSUS1)‐IgG and clarified extracts from other developing seeds as well as cluster (proteoid) roots of white lupin and Harsh Hakea consistently recovered 90 kDa SUS polypeptides along with p41/RGP as a SUS interactor. The results suggest that SUS interacts with RGP in diverse sink tissues to channel UDP‐glucose derived from imported sucrose into hemicellulose and/or glycoprotein/glycolipid biosynthesis.
IMF Control of Alfvénic Energy Transport and Deposition at High Latitudes
Authors: Hatch Spencer M. , LaBelle James , Lotko William , Chaston Christopher C. , Zhang Binzheng
Published: November 2017

We investigate the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle ϕIMF on high‐latitude inertial Alfvén wave (IAW) activity in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere transition region using Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) satellite observations. We find evidence that negative IMF Bz coincides with nightside IAW power generation and enhanced rates of IAW‐associated electron energy deposition, while positive IMF Bz coincides with enhanced dayside wave and electron energy deposition. Large (
 nT) negative IMF By coincides with enhanced postnoon IAW power, while large positive IMF By coincides with enhanced but relatively weaker prenoon IAW power. For each ϕIMF orientation we compare IAW Poynting flux and IAW‐associated electron energy flux distributions with previously published distributions of Alfvénic Poynting flux over ∼2–22 mHz, as well as corresponding wave‐driven electron energy deposition derived from Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global MHD simulations. We also compare IAW Poynting flux distributions with distributions of broad and diffuse electron number flux, categorized using an adaptation of the Newell et al. (2009) precipitation scheme for FAST. Under negative IMF Bz in the vicinity of the cusp (9.5–14.5 magnetic local time), regions of intense dayside IAW power correspond to enhanced diffuse electron number flux but relatively weaker broadband electron precipitation. Differences between cusp region IAW activity and broadband precipitation illustrate the need for additional information, such as fields or pitch angle measurements, to identify the physical mechanisms associated with electron precipitation in the vicinity of the cusp.