bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The socio-colonial history of Surinamese surnames applied to a validated surname list to identify ancestry in health research
Authors: Brewster Lizzy M. , Ishwardat Avinash , Damsteegt Theo , van Montfrans Gert A.
Published: April 2024

Around half of the population of Suriname, who are mainly of African and South Asian descent, migrated to the Netherlands at the end of the previous century, where they face higher perinatal and maternal mortality and up to 5 years lower life expectancy than European-Dutch. Analyses by ancestry are needed to address these inequalities, but the law prohibits registration by ancestry. Therefore, a list of Surinamese surnames was compiled and validated to identify the largest groups, African-Surinamese or South Asian-Surinamese ancestry in health research. A complete database of Surinamese surnames was provided by the National Population Registry of Suriname. Surname recognition by researchers of Surinamese ancestry was used. Disagreement was resolved using historical registers and through discussion. The list was further validated against contemporary lists of Surinamese surnames with self-defined ancestry, obtained during population and clinical studies in Suriname and the Netherlands. All 71,529 Surinamese surnames were encoded, as African-Surinamese (34%), South Asian-Surinamese (18%), Brazilian or other Iberian (17%), Indonesian-Surinamese (13%), Chinese-Surinamese (5%), First Nation (2%), and other (10%). Compared to self-defined ancestry, South Asian-Surinamese surname coding had 100% sensitivity, 99.8% specificity, and 99.9% accuracy. For African-Surinamese, who may have Dutch surnames, these values depended on geocoding. With a known Surinamese origin, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were, respectively, 97.3%, 100%, and 98.6%, but without this information, there was interference of African-Surinamese with European-Dutch surnames in the Dutch validation sample. In conclusion, the Surinamese Surname List has a high accuracy in identifying persons of Surinamese ancestry. This quick, inexpensive, and nonintrusive method, which is unaffected by response bias, might be a valuable tool in public health research to help address the profound health disparities by ancestry.
Reframing the Lives of Gelasius II, Calixtus II and Honorius II in the Context of the 1130 Schism
Authors: VENEZIANI ENRICO , RENZI FRANCESCO
Published: April 2024

During the 1130 schism, the Anacletian Cardinal Pandulf wrote three Lives of Gelasius II, Calixtus II and Honorius II. Historiography has usually read these Lives literally, as biographies. However, if they are considered in the light of the context in which they were written, our working hypothesis is that Pandulf created these Lives in order to support Anacletus and delegitimate his enemies. They therefore function as propaganda rather than as biographies. In this article passages from each Life will be presented that are significant in reading these works from the point of view of an Anacletian supporter in the context of the schism.
Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) siamensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea): a new nematode in Naja kaouthia from Thailand
Authors: Charoennitiwat Vachirapong , Chaisiri Kittipong , Kanjanapruthipong Tapanee , Ampawong Sumate , Chanhome Lawan , Vasaruchapong Taksa , Thaenkham Urusa , Ratnarathorn Napat
Published: April 2024

A comprehensive investigation, incorporating both morphological and molecular analyses, has unveiled the existence of a hitherto unknown nematode species, Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) siamensis sp. nov., residing in the intestine of the monocled cobra, Naja kaouthia, in the central region of Thailand. This study integrates morphological characteristics, morphometric examination, scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analysis (COI, 18S rRNA and ITS1 genes). The findings place the newly described species within the subgenus Ophidiocapillaria, elucidating its distinctive characteristics, including a frame-like proximal spicule shape, approximate lengths of 19 000 and 22 500 μm with approximate widths of 90 and 130 μm for males and females, 39‒45 stichocytes, elevated lips without protrusion, a dorsal bacillary band stripe with an irregular pattern of bacillary cells and evidence of intestinal infection. These features serve to differentiate it from other species within the same subgenus, notably Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae De, 1998, a species coexisting P. siamensis sp. nov. in the monocled cobra from the same locality. This study addresses the co-infection of the novel species and P. najae within the same snake host, marking the second documented instance of a paracapillariid species in the monocled cobra within the family Elapidae. The genetic characterization supports the formal recognition of P. siamensis sp. nov. as a distinct species, thereby underscoring its taxonomic differentiation within the Capillariidae family. This research identifies and characterizes the new nematode species, contributing valuable insights into the taxonomy of this nematode.
Transnational Chinese literature and Sinopolyphony
Authors: Zhang Yinde
Published: April 2024

The unprecedented power of China and its cultural expansion are increasing the need to examine its hegemonic impact in the field of literature. The new concept of ‘sinophone’, inspired by postcolonial criticism, reveals vigorous protests against Mainland’s centrality by advocating Chinese Diaspora literature, which has been too long relegated to a peripheral status. This study seeks to reconsider such debates through investigations of historical reasons, ideological issues, and perspectives they have widened. The sinophone literature is thus set up as a creative space, denationalized as well as transnationalized. Denying both the weight of the matrix and the chimerical archipelago, it follows the poetics of relation, the intermixture, and the Open.
Food and beverage selection in children’s sports arenas in Norway: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Garnweidner-Holme Lisa , Frivold Yngvild , Max Gigja , Fjæra Kristin , Fostervold Mathisen Therese , Myhrstad Mari Charlotte Wik
Published: April 2024

Objective:

To assess the selection of foods and beverages in children’s sports arenas in Norway.

Design:

A cross-sectional study design with a digital questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. Moreover, Pearson’s χ2 tests examined the factors that could aid in distinguishing clubs with healthy or unhealthy consumables.

Setting:

Children’s sports clubs in Norway.

Participants:

Representatives from 301 children’s sports clubs in Norway answered the questionnaire between September and November 2021.

Results:

In total, 89·4% of the participating sports clubs (n 301) offered soda drinks with sugar. Most of the sports clubs (88 %) reported to offer batter-based cakes such as pancakes and waffles and 63·8 % offered cakes. Furthermore, 47·5% sold hot dishes with processed meat, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. More than 80% of the sports clubs offered sweets and snacks, while 44·5% did not offer fruits, vegetables and/or berries. Notably, the important factors that distinguished sports clubs with healthier food selections from those with unhealthier selections were the presence of guidelines for the food offered and purchase agreements with food suppliers.

Conclusions:

Educational, governmental guidelines for the promotion of healthy eating and establishing agreements with suppliers of healthier foods could help to overcome barriers to unhealthy food selection.
Simulated Abrupt Shifts in Aerobic Habitats of Marine Species in the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Fröb Friederike , Bourgeois Timothée , Goris Nadine , Schwinger Jörg , Heinze Christoph
Published: April 2024

The physiological tolerances of marine species toward ambient temperature and oxygen can jointly be evaluated in a single metric: the metabolic index. Changes therein characterize a changing aerobic habitat tailored to species‐specific thermal and hypoxia sensitivity traits. If the geographical limits of marine species as indicated by critical thresholds of the metabolic index shift abruptly in response to ocean warming and deoxygenation, aerobic habitat could potentially be lost abruptly. Here, we assess the spatio‐temporal detectability of abrupt shifts in potential habitats for selected marine species within the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5–8.5 (SSP5‐8.5) scenario run with the fully coupled Norwegian Earth System Model version 2 (NorESM2‐LM). We use an environmental time series changepoint detection routine and analyze the number and timing of these abrupt changes over the past, present and future. We construct nine ecophysiotypes with low, medium, and high resting vulnerability to hypoxia and sensitivity of hypoxia vulnerability to temperature, respectively, with six different thresholds for minimal oxygen demand. For all ecophysiotypes with positive temperature sensitivity to hypoxia, the volume of non‐viable habitat in the upper ocean expands between 1850 and 2100. Changepoints in the metabolic index are detected in 49.0 ± 9.2% of the volume that eventually becomes non‐viable for all ecophysiotypes over the course of the 21st century. More than 75% of these abrupt shifts occur in response to warming close to the surface, while at depth, the abrupt shifts driven by changes in oxygen partial pressure become more important, with potentially severe consequences for marine species, populations, and ecosystems.
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase-1 (WARS-1) depletion and high tryptophan concentration lead to genomic instability in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Izadi Mahmoud , Ali Tayyiba Akbar , Shurrab Farah M. , Aharpour Ebrahim , Pourkarimi Ehsan
Published: April 2024

The fidelity of translation is ensured by a family of proteins named aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), making them crucial for development and survival. More recently, mutations in the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1) have been linked to various human diseases, from intellectual disability to various types of cancer. To understand the function of WARS1, we investigated the effect of WARS-1 depletion during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle in the developing germline of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and demonstrated the role of WARS-1 in genome integrity. wars-1 knockdown results in cell cycle arrest of the mitotically active germ cells. Such mitotic arrest is also associated with canonical DNA damage-induced checkpoint signaling in mitotic and meiotic germ cells. Significantly, such DNA checkpoint activation is associated with the morphological anomalies in chromatin structures that are the hallmarks of genome instability, such as the formation of chromatin bridges, micronuclei, and chromatin buds. We demonstrated that knocking down wars-1 results in an elevation of the intracellular concentration of tryptophan and its catabolites, a surprising finding emphasizing the impact of cellular amino acid availability and organismal/individual dietary uptake on genome integrity. Our result demonstrates that exposing C. elegans to a high tryptophan dosage leads to DNA damage checkpoint activation and a significant increase in the tryptophan metabolites. Targeting tryptophan catabolism, the least utilized amino acid in nature, can be important in developing new cancer therapeutic approaches. All in all, we have strong evidence that knocking down wars-1 results in defects in genomic integrity.
Evaluation of phthalate migration potential in vacuum-packed
Authors: Alak Gonca , Köktürk Mine , Atamanalp Muhammed
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the presence and migration of PAEs in packaging materials and consumer products has become a serious concern. Based on this concern, the aim of our study is to determine the possible migration potential and speed of PAEs in benthic fish stored in vacuum packaging, as well as to monitor the storage time and type as well as polyethylene (PE) polymer detection.As a result of the analysis performed by µ-Raman spectroscopy, 1 microplastic (MP) of 6 µm in size was determined on the 30th day of storage in whiting fish muscle and the polymer type was found to be Polyethylene (PE) (low density polyethylene: LDPE). Depending on the storage time of the packaging used in the vacuum packaging process, it has been determined that its chemical composition is affected by temperature and different types of polymers are formed. 10 types of PAEs were identified in the packaging material and stored flesh fish: DIBP, DBP, DPENP, DHEXP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP, DNOP, DINP and DDP. While the most dominant PAEs in the packaging material were determined as DEHP, the most dominant PAEs in fish meat were recorded as BBP and the lowest as DMP. The findings provide a motivating model for monitoring the presence and migration of PAEs in foods, while filling an important gap in maintaining a safe food chain.
A novel magnetic compression technique for establishment of a vesicovaginal fistula model in Beagle dogs
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Zhuang Yingying , Mao Jianqi , Shen Linxin , Lyu Xin , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiaopeng
Published: April 2024

Vesicovaginal fistula lacks a standard, established animal model, making surgical innovations for this condition challenging. Herein, we aimed to non-surgically establish vesicovaginal fistula using the magnetic compression technique, and the feasibility of this method was explored using eight female Beagle dogs as model animals. In these dogs, cylindrical daughter and parent magnets were implanted into the bladder and vagina, respectively, after anesthesia, and the positions of these magnets were adjusted under X-ray supervision to make them attract each other, thus forming the structure of daughter magnet-bladder wall-vaginal wall-parent magnet. Operation time and collateral damage were recorded. The experimental animals were euthanized 2 weeks postoperatively, and the vesicovaginal fistula gross specimens were obtained. The size of the fistula was measured. Vesicovaginal fistula was observed by naked eye and under a light microscope. Magnet placement was successful in all dogs, and remained in the established position for the reminder of the experiment. The average operation time was 14.38 min ± 1.66 min (range, 12–17 min). The dogs were generally in good condition postoperatively and were voiding normally, with no complications like bleeding and urine retention. The magnets were removed from the vagina after euthanasia. The vesicovaginal fistula was successfully established according to gross observation, and the fistula diameters were 4.50–6.24 mm. Histological observation revealed that the bladder mucosa and vaginal mucosa were in close contact on the internal surface of the fistula. Taken together, magnetic compression technique is a simple and feasible method to establish an animal model of vesicovaginal fistula using Beagle dogs. This model can help clinicians study new surgical techniques and practice innovative approaches for treating vesicovaginal fistula.
Performance of SOBA-AD blood test in discriminating Alzheimer’s disease patients from cognitively unimpaired controls in two independent cohorts
Authors: Chen Amy , Shea Dylan , Daggett Valerie
Published: April 2024

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) toxic oligomers are critical early players in the molecular pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have developed a Soluble Oligomer Binding Assay (SOBA-AD) for detection of these Aβ oligomers that contain α-sheet secondary structure that discriminates plasma samples from patients on the AD continuum from non-AD controls. We tested 265 plasma samples from two independent cohorts to investigate the performance of SOBA-AD. Testing was performed at two different sites, with different personnel, reagents, and instrumentation. Across two cohorts, SOBA-AD discriminated AD patients from cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects with 100% sensitivity, > 95% specificity, and > 98% area under the curve (AUC) (95% CI 0.95–1.00). A SOBA-AD positive readout, reflecting α-sheet toxic oligomer burden, was found in AD patients, and not in controls, providing separation of the two populations, aside from 5 SOBA-AD positive controls. Based on an earlier SOBA-AD study, the Aβ oligomers detected in these CU subjects may represent preclinical cases of AD. The results presented here support the value of SOBA-AD as a promising blood-based tool for the detection and confirmation of AD.
Numerical analysis of underground tunnel deformation: a case study of Midroc Lega-Dembi gold mine
Authors: Jilo Nagessa Zerihun , Assefa Siraj Mulugeta , Assefa Eleyas
Published: April 2024

Undertakings in underground mining are often complicated, particularly in situations where geotechnical conditions are not favorable. This study investigates the collapse of tunnels at the Lega-Dembi gold mine in Southern Ethiopia, an area characterized by weak talc formations. The persistent deformation of tunnels poses a threat to the safety of workers and mining operations. In this study, a numerical method that combines continuum and discontinuum approaches is employed to analyze tunnel failures. Additionally, the study evaluates the effect of geotechnical parameters on tunnel deformation, considering various support systems. The results indicate that a combination of rock bolts and shotcrete is effective in mitigating tunnel deformation. Furthermore, the study identifies the geological strength index and unconfined compressive strength as the most influential parameters on tunnel deformation. The findings also suggest appropriate support systems for managing underground instability and enhancing safety measures in weak geological formations.
Enhancement of solar evacuated tube unit filled with nanofluid implementing three lobed storage unit equipped with fins
Authors: Mousavi S. M. , Sheikholeslami M.
Published: April 2024

This study discusses an evacuated tube collector-type solar water heater (ETCSWH) using a phase change material (PCM) chamber with fins, nanofluid, and nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM). First, the charging phenomena in a horizontal triplex tube heat exchanger (TTHX) equipped with fins, natural convection, and an ETCSWH system without PCM is simulated to validate the solution. The impact of adding fins and nanoparticles with a volume fraction of 3% of Al2O3 and Cu to paraffin wax and water-based fluid, respectively, on the unit's efficiency has been examined. The proposed system for the PCM melting process, heat storage, fluid flow behavior in the system, and velocity distribution and temperature contour in the storage tank and three parts of the absorber tube have been evaluated using ANSYS FLUENT software in a three-dimensional and transient simulation. The results show that Case 8 has improved by 39.7% compared to Case 1 and Case 4 by 5.2% compared to Case 1 within 4 h of the melting process. Also, Case 8 with a 43% and 6.4% shorter melting time than Cases 1 and 5 has the best performance and the greatest heat transfer rate. The productivity of the ETCSWH system is considerably enhanced by the use of fins, NEPCM, and nanofluid.
The burden of diabetes and hypertension on healthy life expectancy in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Zakiul , Sheoti Isna Haque
Published: April 2024

Diabetes and hypertension are among the leading causes of death in Bangladesh. This study examined hypertension, diabetes, and either or both, free life expectancy, to measure the effect of the diseases on the overall health of individuals in Bangladesh with regional variations. We utilized data from Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics 2018 for mortality and Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 for diabetes and hypertension. The Sullivan method was employed to estimate age-specific hypertension and diabetes-free life expectancy. Altogether, 10.3% of the people aged 18–19 years lived with either diabetes or hypertension. The hypertension-free life expectancy was 40.4 years, and the diabetes-free life expectancy was 53.2 years for those aged 15–19. Overall, individuals would expect to spend 38.7% of their lives with either of the diseases. Females suffered more from hypertension and males from diabetes. Still, females suffered more from the aggregate of both. Rural people had more diabetes and hypertension-free life expectancy than those of urban. Individuals of Mymensingh had the highest life expectancy free of both diseases compared to other divisions of Bangladesh. Diabetes and hypertension affect a considerable proportion of the life of the population in Bangladesh. Policy actions are needed to guide the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both diseases, specifically focusing on women and urban populations. Widespread health-enhancing actions need to be taken to diminish the effect of these two diseases in Bangladesh.
Clinical performance and utility of a noninvasive urine-based methylation biomarker: TWIST1/Vimentin to detect urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Zhang Chanchan , Xu Xiaohong , Wang Tao , Lu Yan , Lu Zhiheng , Wang Tuantuan , Pan Zhiwen
Published: April 2024

Traditional clinical modalities for diagnosing bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remain limited due to their invasive nature, significant costs, discomfort associated with cystoscopy, and low sensitivity to urine cytology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify highly sensitive, specific, and noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of this neoplasm. Hypermethylated TWIST1/Vimentin promoter may be a noninvasive biomarker using urine sample. We assessed the TWIST1/Vimentin promoter methylation status in urine samples using the Methylated Human TWIST1 and Vimentin Gene Detection Kit (Jiangsu MicroDiag Biomedicine Co., Ltd., China). The samples were collected from five groups: group 1 consisted of patients with BUC, group 2 contained other patients with urologic tumors, group 3 consisted of patients with benign diseases (e.g., urinary tract infections, lithiasis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia), Group 4 included UTUC (upper tract urothelial carcinoma) patients and group5 comprised healthy individuals. The study encompassed 77 BUC patients, and we evaluated the degree of methylation of the TWIST1/Vimentin gene in their urine samples. Notably, TWIST1/Vimentin positivity was significantly elevated in comparison to groups 2, 3 and 5 (all p < 0.001) at a rate of 77.9%, but no significant difference was observed when compared to group 4. In the relationship between TWIST1/Vimentin methylation and clinicopathological features of BC patients from our center, we found there was no significant association between TWIST1/Vimentin status and proteinuria and/or hematuria, and hypermethylation of TWIST1 / VIM genes was found in both high and low tumor grade and in both non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (stages Tis, Ta, or T1) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stage T2 or above). In the multivariable analysis for cancer detection, a positive TWIST1/Vimentin methylation were significantly linked to a heightened risk of BC. Moreover, TWIST1/Vimentin promoter methylation demonstrated an ability to detect BUC in urine samples with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 83%. Our findings reveal that hypermethylation of the TWIST1/Vimentin promoter occurs in bladder urothelial carcinoma, and its high sensitivity and specificity suggest its potential as a screening and therapeutic biomarker for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
Research on the coordinated development between land urbanization and population urbanization in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Hangli Zhao , Xinnan Ai
Published: April 2024

The coordinated development of land urbanization and population urbanization is crucial for the advancement of new urbanization. The study applied the entropy weight method and coupling coordination degree model, taking Shaanxi—a province in China characterized by a moderate pace of economic development and volume, along with distinct geographic and demographic features within its region—as the subject. It assessed the coordination conditions of these two types of urbanization from both macro and micro scales during the years 2010–2022. Utilizing the Analytic Network Process (ANP), the study ranked and analyzed the causes of issues stemming from uneven development, thus connecting a crucial link from theoretical analysis to decision-making implementation. The results showed that: (1) The province's land urbanization index was between 0.075 and 0.203, whereas the population urbanization index ranged from 0.221 to 0.408, with the development of the former significantly lagging behind the latter. (2) The coupling degree between land and population urbanization ranged from 0.835 to 0.854, with a coordination degree between 0.148 and 0.306. This indicated that a close connection had been formed between the two, yet a benign coupling relationship had not been established, displaying a spatial distribution characterized by "high in the middle, low in the north and south". (3) The limitation on further urban expansion was identified as the primary issue to be addressed (with a weight of 0.324), followed by insufficient infrastructure (with a weight of 0.261). The extent of ecological environmental damage was comparatively lower (with a weight of 0.225), and the degree of social injustice was the lowest (with a weight of 0.191). Therefore, to alleviate the problems associated with the imbalanced development between land urbanization and population urbanization, measures such as optimizing land spatial layout, enhancing urban ecological service functions, and strengthening the central cities' radiating effect should be implemented.
Optimizing ultrashort pulse in fiber laser based on artificial intelligence algorithm
Authors: Han Xiaoxiang , Huang Zhiting , Yue Jun , Li Jun , Yan Xiang’an , Xia Yanwen , Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Haiyang , Xia Caijuan , Zhang Yusheng
Published: April 2024

Ultrashort pulses, characterized by their short pulse duration, diverse spectral content, and high peak power, are widely used in fields including laser processing, optical storage, biomedical sciences, and laser imaging. The complex, highly-nonlinear process of ultrashort pulse evolution within fiber lasers is influenced by numerous aspects such as dispersion, loss, gain, and nonlinear effects. Traditionally, the split-step Fourier transforms method is employed for simulating ultrashort pulses in fiber lasers, which involves traversing multiple parameters within the fiber to attain the pulse’s optimal state. The simulation is a significantly time-consuming process. Here, we use a neural network model to fit and predict the impact of multiple parameters on the pulse characteristics within fiber lasers, enabling parameter optimization through genetic algorithms to determine the optimal pulse duration, pulse energy, and peak power. Integrating artificial intelligence algorithms simplifies the acquisition of optimal pulse parameters and enhances our understanding of multiple parameters’ impact on the pulse characteristics. The investigation of ultrashort pulse optimization based on artificial intelligence holds immense potential for laser design.
Acceleration of daily land temperature extremes and correlations with surface energy fluxes
Authors: Huntingford Chris , Cox Peter M. , Ritchie Paul D. L. , Clarke Joseph J. , Parry Isobel M. , Williamson Mark S.
Published: April 2024

Assessment of climate reanalysis data for land (ECMWF Re-Analysis v5; ERA5-Land) covering the last seven decades reveals regions where extreme daily mean temperatures are rising faster than the average rate of temperature rise of the 6 months of highest background warmth. However, such extreme temperature acceleration is very heterogeneous, occurring only in some places including regions of Europe, the western part of North America, parts of southeast Asia and much of South America. An ensemble average of Earth System Models (ESMs) over the same period also shows acceleration across land areas, but this enhancement is much more spatially uniform in the models than it is for ERA5-Land. Examination of projections from now to the end of the 21st Century, with ESMs driven by the highest emissions Shared Socio-economic Pathway scenario (SSP585) of future changes to atmospheric greenhouse gases, also reveals larger warming during extreme days for most land areas. The increase in high-temperature extremes is driven by different processes depending on location. In northern mid-latitudes, a key driver is often a decrease in the evaporative fraction of the available energy, consistent with soil drying. By contrast, the acceleration of high-temperature extremes in tropical Africa is primarily due to increased available energy. These two drivers combine via the surface energy balance to equal the sensible heat flux, which we find is often strongly correlated with the areas where the acceleration of high-temperature extremes is largest.
Resilience to periodic disturbances and the long-term genetic stability in Acropora coral
Authors: Thomas L. , Şahin D. , Adam A. S. , Grimaldi C. M. , Ryan N. M. , Duffy S. L. , Underwood J. N. , Kennington W. J. , Gilmour J. P.
Published: April 2024

Climate change is restructuring natural ecosystems. The direct impacts of these events on biodiversity and community structure are widely documented, but the impacts on the genetic variation of populations remains largely unknown. We monitored populations of Acropora coral on a remote coral reef system in northwest Australia for two decades and through multiple cycles of impact and recovery. We combined these demographic data with a temporal genetic dataset of a common broadcast spawning corymbose Acropora to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of connectivity underlying recovery. Our data show that broad-scale dispersal and post-recruitment survival drive recovery from recurrent disturbances, including mass bleaching and mortality. Consequently, genetic diversity and associated patterns of connectivity are maintained through time in the broader metapopulation. The results highlight an inherent resilience in these globally threatened species of coral and showcase their ability to cope with multiple disturbances, given enough time to recover is permitted.
Soluble individual metal atoms and ultrasmall clusters catalyze key synthetic steps of a natural product synthesis
Authors: Rodríguez-Nuévalos Silvia , Espinosa Miguel , Leyva-Pérez Antonio
Published: April 2024

Metal individual atoms and few-atom clusters show extraordinary catalytic properties for a variety of organic reactions, however, their implementation in total synthesis of complex organic molecules is still to be determined. Here we show a 11-step linear synthesis of the natural product (±)-Licarin B, where individual Pd atoms (Pd1) catalyze the direct aerobic oxidation of an alcohol to the carboxylic acid (steps 1 and 6), Cu2-7 clusters catalyze carbon-oxygen cross couplings (steps 3 and 8), Pd3-4 clusters catalyze a Sonogashira coupling (step 4) and Pt3-5 clusters catalyze a Markovnikov hydrosylilation of alkynes (step 5), as key reactions during the synthetic route. In addition, the new synthesis of Licarin B showcases an unexpected selective alkene hydrogenation with metal-free NaBH4 and an acid-catalyzed intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis as the last step, to forge a trans-alkene group. These results, together, open new avenues in the use of metal individual atoms and clusters in organic synthesis, and confirm their exceptional catalytic activity in late stages during complex synthetic programmes.
Transition metal-based electrocatalysts for alkaline overall water splitting: advancements, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Lakhan Muhammad Nazim , Hanan Abdul , Hussain Altaf , Ali Soomro Irfan , Wang Yuan , Ahmed Mukhtiar , Aftab Umair , Sun Hongyu , Arandiyan Hamidreza
Published: April 2024

This review has examined the advancements and challenges in the development of transition metal-based electrocatalysts for the alkaline water splitting reaction in the last decade.
Diverse structural reactivity patterns of a POCOP ligand with coinage metals
Authors: Ghosh Moushakhi , Parvin Nasrina , Panwaria Prakash , Tothadi Srinu , Bakthavatsalam Rangarajan , Therambram Arshad , Khan Shabana
Published: April 2024

Herein, we report an interesting coordination pattern of a POCOP-based pincer ligand towards various coinage metals, displaying a variety of distinct structural architectures and photophysical properties.
Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications
Authors: Young Olivia M. , Xu Xin , Sarker Sunandita , Sochol Ryan D.
Published: April 2024

This Tutorial Review highlights strategies for leveraging the micron-to-submicron-scale additive manufacturing technique, “direct laser writing”, to enable 3D microfluidic technologies.
Rh(ii)-catalysed N2-selective arylation of benzotriazoles and indazoles using quinoid carbenes via 1,5-H shift
Authors: Sarkar Souradip , Bhunya Sourav , Pan Subarna , Datta Arnadeep , Roy Lisa , Samanta Rajarshi
Published: April 2024

An efficient Rh(ii)-catalyzed N2-selective arylation of benzotriazole and indazole is developed using diazonaphthoquinone. The reaction proceeds via nucleophilic addition of the N2 (of the 1H tautomer) center to quinoid-carbene followed by a 1,5-H shift.
Fluorogenic cell surface glycan labelling with fluorescence molecular rotor dyes and nucleic acid stains
Authors: Koçak Alen , Homer Amal K. , Feida Antonia , Telschow Florian , Gorenflos López Jacob L. , Baydaroğlu Cihan , Gradzielski Michael , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Alexiev Ulrike , Seitz Oliver
Published: April 2024

Covalent labelling of sialic acids on live cell surfaces or mucin with fluorescence molecular rotors enables wash-free imaging and provides information about changes occurring to cell surfaces.
Towards molecular alloys: computational and experimental studies on (p-NCC6F4CNSeSeN)x(p-NCC6F4CNSSN)1−x
Authors: Wehelie Asli M. , Watanabe Lara K. , Zhang Bin , Nikoo Sahar , Rawson Jeremy M.
Published: April 2024

Computationally, doping of the Se/N radical p-NCC6F4CNSeSeN (2) into the organic magnet, p-NCC6F4CNSSN (1β) should enhance the magnetic ordering temperature but, experimentally, doping of 1 with 2 from solution affords the alternative polymorph, 1α.
Controllable synthesis and morphology-dependent light emission efficiency of Zn2GeO4 nanophosphors
Authors: Tinoco Miguel , Lendínez José Miguel , González-Calbet José M. , Méndez Bianchi , Ramírez-Castellanos Julio , Hidalgo Pedro
Published: April 2024

The hydrothermal synthesis of short Zn2GeO4 nanorods for light-emitting applications is reported, with structural, morphological and luminescence characterization, allowing correlation of the optoelectronic properties with the morphological aspects.
Photophysicochemical and electrochemical properties of pyrene–BODIPY platforms
Authors: Ömeroğlu İpek , Köksoy Baybars , Öztürk Dilek , Salah Lubna , Maksheed Saad , Durmuş Mahmut
Published: April 2024

The photochemical, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of novel BODIPY compounds substituted with iodine or pyrene groups at the 2-, 6-, or 8-positions (meso) were thoroughly investigated.
Comprehensive laboratory constraints on thermal desorption of interstellar ice analogues
Authors: Kruczkiewicz F. , Dulieu F. , Ivlev A. V. , Caselli P. , Giuliano B. M. , Ceccarelli C. , Theulé P.
Published: April 2024

Context. Gas accretion and sublimation in various astrophysical conditions are crucial aspects of our understanding of the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium. To explain grain growth and destruction in warm media, ice mantle formation and sublimation in cold media, and gas line emission spectroscopy, astrochemical models must mimic the gas--solid abundance ratio. Ice-sublimation mechanisms determine the position of snow lines and the nature of gas emitted by and locked inside planetary bodies in star-forming regions. To interpret observations from the interplanetary and extragalactic interstellar mediums, gas phase abundances must be modelled correctly.

Aims. We provide a collection of thermal desorption data for interstellar ice analogues, aiming to put constraints on the trapping efficiency of water ice, as well as data that can be used to evaluate astrochemical models. We conduct experiments on compact, amorphous H2O films, involving pure ices as well as binary and ternary mixtures. By manipulating parameters in a controlled way, we generate a set of benchmarks to evaluate both the kinetics and thermodynamics in astrochemical models.

Methods. We conducted temperature-programmed desorption experiments with increasing order of complexity of ice analogues of various chemical compositions and surface coverages using molecular beams in ultrahigh vacuum conditions (1 × 10−10 hPa) and low temperatures (10 K). We provide TPD curves of pure ices made of Ar, CO, CO2, NH3, CH3OH, H2O, and NH4+HCOO−, their binary ice mixtures with compact amorphous H2O, ternary mixtures of H2O:CH3OH:CO, and a water ice made in situ to investigate its trapping mechanisms.

Results. Each experiment includes the experimental parameters, ice desorption kinetics for pure species, and the desorption yield (gas--solid ratio) for ice mixtures. From the desorption yields, we find common trends in the trapping of molecules when their abundance is compared to water: compact amorphous water ices are capable of trapping up to 20% of volatiles (Ar, CO, and CO2), ~3% of CH3OH, and ~5% NH3 in relation to the water content within the ice matrix; ammonium formate is not trapped in the water ice films, and compact amorphous water ice formed in situ has similar trapping capabilities to a compact amorphous water ice deposited using molecular beams.

Conclusions. Deposited or formed in a very compact structure, amorphous water ice of less than 100 layers cannot trap a large fraction of other gases, including CO and CO2. These desorption yields offer insights into the availability of species that can react and form interstellar complex organic molecules during the warm-up phase of ice mantles. Furthermore, in order to be reliable, gas-grain astrochemical models should be able to reproduce the desorption kinetics and desorption yield presented in our benchmark laboratory experiments.
Constraining f(R) gravity with cross-correlation of galaxies and cosmic microwave background lensing
Authors: Kou Raphaël , Murray Calum , Bartlett James G.
Published: April 2024

We look for signatures of the Hu-Sawicki f(R) modified gravity theory proposed to explain the observed accelerated expansion of the Universe in observations of the galaxy distribution, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and gravitational lensing of the CMB. We study constraints obtained using observations of only the CMB primary anisotropies before adding the galaxy power spectrum and its cross-correlation with CMB lensing. We show that cross-correlation of the galaxy distribution with lensing measurements is crucial in order to break parameter degeneracies, placing tighter constraints on the model. In particular, we set a strong upper limit on log|fR0|<  − 4.61 at 95% confidence level. This means that while the model may explain the accelerated expansion, its impact on large-scale structure closely resembles general relativity (GR). This analysis is the first to make use of the galaxy clustering, CMB lensing, and their cross-correlation power spectra to constrain Hu-Sawicki f(R) gravity. Restricting the analysis to the linear regime, we place a robust constraint that is competitive with other cosmological studies whilst using fewer probes. This study can be seen as a precursor to cross-correlation analyses of f(R) gravity and can be repeated with next-stage surveys, which will benefit from lower noise and hence probe smaller potential deviations from GR.
Optimizing substitution of two products model for exponentially increasing demand under inflation and shortages
Authors: Ambedkar Gurudatt Rao , Singh Chaman , Sarkar Biswajit
Published: April 2024

This study addresses the limited attention given to product substitution in inventory models. Incorporating product substitution is crucial for determining reorder points, and safety stock, enabling businesses to optimize inventory levels, reduce costs, and maintain customer satisfaction. This study introduces an economic order quantity model tailored to an inflationary environment with shortages and one-way substitution between two deteriorating product types. Through comprehensive testing, this study evaluates the model under various substitution scenarios, including partial substitution. Findings highlight the significance of product substitution in inventory management, allowing businesses to optimize inventory levels, manage costs, and ensure customer satisfaction in dynamic environments with inflation and fluctuating product availability. This model provides the firm with the necessary information to determine the optimal ordering quantity of both products to optimize total benefit and enhance supply chain efficiency. The model demonstrates substantial cost advantages, with partial substitution resulting in an average cost reduction of approximately 9% compared to no substitution and about 45% compared to full substitution. Numerical experiments validate the applicability of the proposed model.
Subtyping of Cushing’s Syndrome: A Step Ahead
Authors: Tizianel Irene , Barbot Mattia , Ceccato Filippo
Published: April 2024

Cushing’s Syndrome (CS) is a rare disease due to chronic endogenous cortisol
secretion. In recent years, new developments have broadened the spectrum of
differential diagnosis, traditionally categorized as adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)-dependent and ACTH-independent forms. Moreover, increased awareness of
the detrimental effects of cortisol on cardiometabolic health and the risk of
cardiovascular events lead to increased diagnosis of mild forms, especially in
the context of adrenal incidentalomas.

This review provides an up-to-date narrative of the most recent literature
regarding the challenges of CS diagnosis. After the description of the
diagnostic tools available, the functional non-neoplastic hypercortisolism
(formerly known as pseudo-Cushing state) is characterized, followed by the
subtyping of the different conditions of hypercortisolism, including the
differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent forms and the management of adrenal
hypercortisolism, with peculiar attention to the new genetic classification of
adrenal CS, mild autonomous cortisol secretion, and bilateral adrenal
adenomas.
Discovery of Novel N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Sirtuin-1
Authors: Lipson Victoria V. , Yaremenko Fedyr G. , Vakula Volodymyr M. , Kovalenko Svitlana V. , Kyrychenko Alexander V. , Desenko Sergiy M. , Borysko Petro О. , Zozulya Sergiy O.
Published: April 2024

SIRT1 enzyme is a key family member of Silent Information Regulators (Sirtuins), which catalyze the deacetylation of proteins. Therefore, developing new SIRT1 inhibitors has potential application in treating cancer disease and age-related metabolic disorders. In this study, we synthesized a series of N-acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives and performed high-throughput screening of their inhibitory activity against the recombinant SIRT1 protein by a luminescent assay. Using in silico screening, we identified a new NAH derivative that features both selectivity and a high binding affinity towards the active pocket of SIRT1 that are comparable to known inhibitors such as Ex527 and Sirtinol. Such high binding affinity makes the new derivatives promising alternatives to the available inhibitors and holds promise for developing better-targeted drugs against SIRT1 activity.
Transumbilical Arterial Access for Embolization of a Hepatic Vascular Tumor in a Critically Ill Premature Neonate
Authors: Khoury Joe , Yeisley Christopher D.
Published: April 2024

Catheter-based interventions are relatively rare in the neonate population but serve as an invaluable tool in managing many pathologies. Here we present a case report of a neonate with a vascular hepatic tumor managed by embolization via transumbilical access. In neonates, the small size of the common femoral artery makes cannulation difficult and is thought to increase the risk of catheter-associated thrombosis and ischemia. Often, these patients reside in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and already have an umbilical artery catheter (UAC) in place, which can be used as an effective alternative route of vascular access to carry out life-saving interventions.
Chinese online nationalism as imaginary engagement: an automated sentiment analysis of Tencent news comments on the 2012 Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands incident
Authors: Zhang Qiaoqi , Wang Cheng-Jun
Published: April 2024

How does Tencent—a leading Chinese Internet enterprise—frame news to regulate popular nationalism? To address this problem, we applied the automated sentiment analysis program to more than 500,000 news comments on the Tencent news website during the 2012 Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands incident. The results show that audiences’ online nationalism is significantly influenced by Tencent news, user engagement, and emotions. First, contrary to using stimulative nationalist narratives in the early stages of the incident, the platform shifts to restrictive nationalist narratives to prevent online nationalism from endangering social governance; second, restrictive news can decrease popular nationalism compared with stimulative news; third, users’ love, anger, and disgust emotion can increase their support for China, while the happiness emotion has the opposite effect. Online nationalism, as imaginary engagement, arises from the collusion among platforms, the government, and audiences, contributing to maintaining the government’s legitimacy. The computational approach promises to shed light on nationalism research.
Sleep-stage dependence and co-existence of cardio-respiratory coordination and phase synchronization
Authors: Ma Yaopeng J. X. , Zschocke Johannes , Glos Martin , Kluge Maria , Penzel Thomas , Kantelhardt Jan W. , Bartsch Ronny P.
Published: April 2024

Interactions between the cardiac and respiratory systems play a pivotal role in physiological functioning. Nonetheless, the intricacies of cardio-respiratory couplings, such as cardio-respiratory phase synchronization (CRPS) and cardio-respiratory coordination (CRC), remain elusive, and an automated algorithm for CRC detection is lacking. This paper introduces an automated CRC detection algorithm, which allowed us to conduct a comprehensive comparison of CRPS and CRC during sleep for the first time using an extensive database. We found that CRPS is more sensitive to sleep-stage transitions, and intriguingly, there is a negative correlation between the degree of CRPS and CRC when fluctuations in breathing frequency are high. This comparative analysis holds promise in assisting researchers in gaining deeper insights into the mechanics of and distinctions between these two physiological phenomena. Additionally, the automated algorithms we devised have the potential to offer valuable insights into the clinical applications of CRC and CRPS.