bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composição dos cigarros de tabaco e de Cannabis e suas possíveis ações na gênese do câncer de pâncreas
Authors:   , Cruz Sérgio Paiva da
Published: July 2022

O câncer de pâncreas tem alto nível de mortalidade, sendo a sétima causa de morte por câncer em todo o mundo. Esta doença possui péssimo prognóstico, com sobrevida em cinco anos próxima de 9%, devido aos sintomas se manifestarem frequentemente em estágios avançados quando não há chances de cura. Os principais fatores de riscos são a idade avançada, tabagismo, histórico familiar ou predisposição hereditária, obesidade, fatores dietéticos, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de longa data e condições inflamatórias do pâncreas, como pancreatite crônica. O tabagismo é, provavelmente, o principal fator de risco ambiental para a gênese do câncer de pâncreas. Outra droga psicoativa com processo de uso semelhante ao tabaco convencional é a Cannabis, mais conhecida no Brasil como maconha. Tendo em vista, que a composição do cigarro convencional é semelhante à do cigarro de Cannabis, pode-se supor que a presença de inúmeros componentes comuns entre esses cigarros poderia acarretar problemas de saúde similares. Por isso, o objetivo dessa revisão comparar os dados presentes na literatura quanto aos componentes do cigarro de tabaco e de Cannabis e suas possíveis ações no desenvolvimento do câncer de pâncreas. Dentre as substâncias presentes na fumaça do cigarro de tabaco com potencial cancerígeno comprovado para humanos destacam-se os derivados da nicotina, principalmente o NNK (Nitrosamina Cetônica derivada da Nicotina), os PAHs (Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos Policíclicos), o cloreto de vinil, além de metais tóxicos. Pode-se, ainda, inferir que a ausência dos derivados da nicotina nos cigarros de Cannabis levariam a um risco diminuído para o câncer de pâncreas. Entretanto, a presença de outros componentes e a maior retenção de partículas tóxicas pelo sistema respiratório de seus usuários e a falta de controle na produção da Cannabis podem diminuir essa vantagem. Podemos concluir que o tabagismo é o principal fator evitável de risco para a gênese do câncer de pâncreas e a possível causa do aumento do câncer de pâncreas verificado nos últimos 30 anos. A descoberta dos mecanismos de ação, no nível celular, de componentes específicos de ambas as drogas será crucial para que se possa garantir qual delas seria mais efetiva na indução destapatologia. Enquanto isto, os efeitos deletérios do ponto de vista social nos locais onde se optou pela liberação do uso recreativo da Cannabis, devem ser levados em consideração para o desenvolvimento de estratégias mais seguras para as decisões da sociedade em relação ao tema.
Evangélicos e o dispositivo urbano neoliberal
Authors: Leonardi Bricalli Iafet
Published: July 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados parciais de uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento sobre as relações entre as igrejas evangélicas das favelas e periferias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o neoliberalismo. O objetivo é conhecer o papel desempenhado por estas igrejas na governamentalidade neoliberal. Para tanto, a religião é interpretada como um fenômeno de legitimação do poder (Durkheim, Berger, Bourdieu e Weber) e o neoliberalismo como uma forma de governo dos indivíduos (Foucault e Dardot e Laval). O artigo utiliza-se ainda de alguns dados preliminares de uma etnografia que venho conduzindo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e de dados secundários provenientes de outras publicações. Os resultados parciais indicam que algumas igrejas evangélicas são parte de um conjunto heterogêneo e articulado de governamentalidades que tenho chamado de dispositivo urbano neoliberal e que inclui modos de subjetivação, militarização, remoção de favelas, tráfico de drogas e milícias.
Fotografias das viagens de campo do IBGE na Revista Brasileira de Geografia (1939-1968)
Authors: D'Assunção dos Santos Lara
Published: July 2022

Esta pesquisa se dedica ao estudo das fotografias das expedições, excursões e trabalhos de campo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) que circularam na Revista Brasileira de Geografia (RBG) entre 1939 e 1968. O objetivo dos trabalhos de campo consistia em identificar aspectos da realidade brasileira até então desconhecidos, atividade realizada por meio dos métodos de pesquisa utilizados por instituições e sociedades geográficas internacionais. Os resultados foram publicados na RBG, representante das novas metodologias geográficas do IBGE, que estavam ancoradas em diferentes tipos de imagens, como fotografias, mapas e croquis que revelavam os processos de ocupação do território brasileiro. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise quantitativa de todas as fotografias e imagens a fim de identificar os momentos em que o IBGE utilizou as fotografias com mais veemência entrelaçando-os à história do Brasil, do instituto e da geografia.
Parauapebas em dois tempos:
Authors: Kzam Athila
Published: July 2022

Esta é uma breve exposição particular de uma nota de pesquisa que reúne uma revisão bibliográfica, trabalhos de campo exploratórios e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em Parauapebas, sudeste do estado do Pará, com um intervalo de 15 anos entre elas. O relato expõe impressões e reflexões, desenvolvidas com base em perspectivas teóricas e evidências empíricas dessa porção do espaço geográfico amazônico, fortemente influenciada pela mineração na Serra dos Carajás.
Complete blood count and some cytokines levels for COVID- 19 in diabetic patients
Authors: Al-Rasheed Agharid A. , A. Mustafa Mohammed , T. Ahmed Marwa
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is now a worldwide pandemic. The researchers are trying to find more about this virus in terms of diagnosis and management. Many researchers reported that the routine complete blood count is one of the main analyses to be performed for the patients as part of the confirmation test for the disease. We aim to find more about the complete blood count (CBC) of patients infected with COVID-19 and to see whether the results would show any significant differences regarding age and gender. A group of 95 diabetic patients with confirmed COVID-19 was admitted to the Salah El- Deen Hospital in Tikrit City, Iraq. The cases were collected and analyzed from January to December 2020. CBC analysis showed a significant difference in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBC), Platelets (PLT), and its parameters (PDW & MPV) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in diabetic patients infected with COVID-19. Cytokines levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) were all elevated and IL-6 is believed to be a reliable biomarker for COVID-19 detection.
Impact of deposition and diagenesis on quality of sandstone reservoirs: A case study in Cuu Long basin, offshore Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Trung Son
Published: July 2022

Sandstone reservoirs are major reservoirs in siliciclastic rocks worldwide. A good understanding of the development of internal rock properties is, therefore, extremely important, especially in terms of porosity and permeability (which indicate reservoir storage and flow capacity), which are controlled by mineral compositions, rock textures, and diagenetic processes. This paper studied formations E and F in three wells in the Cuu Long basin to better define the impacts of not only depositional characters but also diagenetic overprints on porosity and permeability (poroperm). Core samples were analysed via thin section observations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations, capillary pressure (Pc) and helium porosity - permeability measurements together with petrophysical evaluation.

Formation E was deposited in a fluvial - lacustrine environment that is characterised by claystone/shale interbedded with sandstone, with reduced depositional permeability in finer-grained intervals. XRD and SEM analyses indicate rock quality in the sandstone reservoirs was influenced by a variety of authigenic minerals, such as carbonate cements, quartz overgrowths, zeolites, and laumontite clays, which all tend to reduce poroperm. Whereas, formation F was deposited in a higher energy setting. This was mostly a braided channel environment indicated by a blocky shape in the wireline across the sandy interval and typically good primary porosity and permeability. In formation F, the reservoir quality is strongly controlled by diagenetic evolution. Pore throats in the E and F sandstones are reduced in size by intense compaction and a combination of pore-filling minerals including calcite cements, authigenic clays, and quartz overgrowths, leading to a negative relationship with poroperm. However, this negative relationship is not as clear in the formation E.
INVESTIGANDO GEOMETRIA ESPACIAL ATRAVÉS DA REALIDADE AUMENTADA
Authors: Magalhães Lima Elielson , Ferro Eloíse Karola Cavalcante , Assis Wilma Rejane Rodrigues de , Nascimento César de Oliveira , Oliveira Júnior Jalon Saturnino de
Published: July 2022

Este artigo descreve a observação da aprendizagem da geometria espacial por meio do aplicativo de realidade aumentada Geometrix, e tem como objetivo verificar o quão o uso da tecnologia impacta no aprendizado de geometria espacial. Historicamente existem evidências que alunos têm dificuldades na aprendizagem sobre geometria espacial, com isso, buscou-se uma alternativa tecnológica digital por meio de um aplicativo de realidade aumentada, chamado Geometrix. Foi observada de maneira objetiva a aprendizagem de 72 alunos voluntários, divididos em dois grupos de uma escola da rede pública municipal, localizada no município de Arapiraca, Alagoas. A partir disso, foi feita uma comparação entre os grupos: um com o uso do aplicativo de realidade aumentada e o outro não. Observou-se durante o processo de intervenção que o grupo que utilizou o aplicativo Geometrix apresentou um número significativo de acertos em comparação com o que não utilizou. Este, por sua vez, apresentou dificuldades em entender e realizar a atividade na qual tinham que identificar faces, vértices e arestas em figuras tridimensionais impressas, desse modo fica evidente que a utilização do aplicativo de realidade aumentada contribui significativamente para o aprendizado de geometria espacial.
A EFICÁCIA DAS DECISÕES DO TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS
Authors: Dos Santos Bonfilho Kayles Henrique , Alves de Oliveira Elimeire
Published: July 2022

RESUMO: O Tribunal de Contas, conforme preceito constitucional, possui autonomia na sua incumbência de exercer o controle externo da gestão financeira do Poder Executivo, se caracterizando como uma importante ferramenta para evitar a malversação dos recursos públicos federais. No entanto, ainda sofre algumas interferências do Poder Legislativo, quando este, ao concluir um processo de julgamento das contas, pode simplesmente ignorar o Parecer Prévio emitido pelo Tribunal. Desta forma, o presente artigo firma seu entendimento acerca da eficácia das decisões das Cortes de Contas, não importando a qual ente político pertence, graças ao princípio da simetria,  tendo em vista a necessidade precípua de proteger a sociedade de lesões orçamentárias causadas pelos agentes públicos. Assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é demostrar a importância de uma maior autonomia ao Tribunal de Contas, como forma de garantir uma efetiva independência em relação aos Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário, possibilitando decisões realmente eficazes em relação à problemática que o Estado enfrenta, por não ter, de fato,  Tribunais de Contas com efetivo caráter autônomo.
Social Determinants of Alcohol Use Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Among Sexual Minority Males During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alibudbud Rowalt
Published: July 2022

he COVID-19 pandemic magnified the mental health disparities between sexual minorities and the Filipino population. This study explored the mental health disparities experienced by sexual minorities, which remains unexplored. The study utilized self-administered survey forms to explore the extent and social determinants of an alcohol use disorder, depression, and anxiety among Filipino sexual minority males during the pandemic. A total of 220 participants were recruited in October 2020. They were composed of adult Filipino cisgender males with non-heterosexual orientation from Metro Manila. The results showed significant rates of risk for alcohol use disorder, depression, and anxiety at 36.4%, 9.5%, and 26.4%, respectively. Age (OR=0.886, p=.025), homosexual orientation (OR=0.035, p=.033), bisexual orientation (OR= 0.009, p=.011), and living with relatives (OR=0.162, p=.006) were also significantly associated with depression. Age (OR=0.866, p=<.001) was significantly associated with anxiety. Moreover, compared with the general population during the pandemic, Filipino sexual minorities’ risk for alcohol use disorder was higher than depression and anxiety. These disparities were significantly associated with age, sexual orientation, and living arrangements. The findings suggest comorbidities of an alcohol use disorder, depression, and anxiety among Filipino sexual minorities that can be addressed through cost-effective online treatment modalities, information-education campaigns, integration of mental health into educational curriculums, the institution of policies that bar discrimination against sexual minorities, and initiatives to strengthen family support groups.
Species Composition and DNA Barcoding of Hemipteran Assemblages Throughout Paddy Growing Seasons
Authors: Yaakop Salmah , Sabri Suliza , Kamaruddin Nur ‘Aimi Kamalia , Norizam Norlaila Nabila , Mohammed Muhamad Azmi
Published: July 2022

Hemipterans are the diverse, abundant, and important pests in the paddy ecosystem due to their piercing and sucking mouthparts that feed on the crop causing significant losses in rice yields. Despite their important roles in the paddy ecosystem, the information on DNA barcode, diversity, and species richness has been occasionally discussed. This study aimed to measure its abundance, species richness, and barcode hemipteran species from the paddy ecosystem. Active sampling was used with two different sampling arrangements in the paddy ecosystem in Sabak Bernam, Selangor, for two different seasons. Hemipterans were collected and identified up to species level morphologically prior to DNA barcoding. The richness and the abundance of species were measured along with the paddy growth phases (vegetative, reproductive, and mature). A total of 2,167 individuals of seven hemipteran species (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Leptocorisa oratorius, Nephotettix virescens, Cofana spectra, Sogatella furcifera, Scotinophara coarctata, and Graptostethus sp.) were successfully collected with Shannon-Diversity Index (H’ = 0.4572), Margalef richness index (D = 0.7811), and Evenness Index (E = 0.2257). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) for species diversity in both seasons. The highest abundance of hemipteran was during the maturity stage (1,543 individuals), followed by the reproductive (591 individuals) and vegetative stages (33 individuals). This study observed a significant difference between the paddy growth for both seasons (p < 0.05). Five hemipteran species namely C. lividipennis, L. oratorius, N. virescens, C. spectra, and S. furcifera, were successfully barcoded with Leptocorisa, the dominant genus. Outcomes from this study suggested that different hemipteran management approaches must be developed to cater to different hemipteran species at different paddy growth stages for a successful and sustainable paddy growing practice in Malaysia.
Fuzzy C-means Clustering and Pseudo-coloring-based Pest detection of Ripe-Fruit Health Monitoring System using 2-D Aggrotech Images
Authors: Tungo Ayush Kumar , Padhan Rishita , Pradhan Tanaya Priyadarshini , Dehury Mandakini , Jena Roshan Kumar
Published: July 2022

Fruits are the gift of almighty to nature. Fresh fruit promote good health and having rich source of micronutrients, vitamins and fiber value. But due to its high sugar level on ripping stage different type of pest are attracted by its smell and effects on harvesting. This paper focuses on identification of the pest on ripe fruits using Fuzzy C Means (FCM) clustering for segmentation and simultaneously highlights the segmented insects with Pseudo-coloring using Pseudo-color image processing techniques. IoT integrated Drone based images are inputted as the dataset to perform detection of pest on fruit monitoring system. Before clustering-based segmentation the images undergo preprocessing stage for tone correction and noise removal. Hybrid FCM with Pseudo-color image processing method supersedes many segmentation algorithms by performance.
The “Theory of Kim Il-sŏng the Impostor”:
Authors: Tertitskiy Fyodor
Published: July 2022

This is a historiographical study of the ‘theory of Kim Il-sŏng the impostor’ – a concept which existed in South Korean academic community in the second half of the 20th century. It claimed that the man who at the time ruled North Korea was not the same person as the Manchurian guerrilla of the 1930s, but rather a fraudster who stole his name. This article shows the roots of this urban legend: it mostly originated from the fact that, indeed, had several other people used the alias ‘Kim Il-sŏng’ as well. For decades this theory had a substantial influence on the South Korean perception of the North, partially thanks to the efforts of one South Korean academic, who made the support of this theory the central point of his entire research career. Even when it was rejected by the academic community is was still supported by a number of die-hard South Korean conservatives. The story of this hypothesis proves that urban legends usually are a twisted reflection of real facts, that a disproved hypothesis can still persist if it fits ideological preferences of a certain group, and that support of just one academic for a theory proven false can increase its period of survival for decades.
ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PACOTI ESTUARY, NORTHEAST BRAZIL
Authors: MEDEIROS DE CARVALHO ALEXANDRE , CLAUDINO-SALES VANDA , GLEIDSON DA COSTA GASTÃƒO FRANCISCO , TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA MILIANA , DE SOUSA AGUIAR ELAINE , MARIA PATRÍCIO SOUSA DEBORA , DE SOUZA PINHEIRO LIDRIANA
Published: July 2022

The problem of anthropogenic occupation on the banks of estuaries and rivers has been a factor of concern and frequently addressed around the world. In the State of Ceará, this problem has been persistent, despite the reasonable environmental legislation dealing with this issue. Along the Pacoti River Estuary, this problem was addressed in this study and added to the analysis of the wind action in the evolution of this coastal environment. Thus, direct and indirect methods were applied, mainly based on field work and remote sensing based in the use of tools from a GIS platform. The results show persistent and continuous participation of aeolian activity, notably dunes migration, in the evolution process of this estuary. Additionally, human interference over 63 years, whether in the form of exploitation of natural resources and/or urban occupation on the banks of the estuary and in the possible area of "‹"‹expansion of this environment, has produced serious environmental damage and restricted the natural area of this important coastal ecosystem. This process of environmental degradation was largely accelerated from the occupation of the area to the east of the estuary by the Beach Park development, and to the west by the Alphaville Residential Condominium.
RIVER GEOMORPHOLOGY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TACTILE TEACHING RESOURCES FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS/ GEOMORFOLOGIA FLUVIAL E A ELABORAÇÃO DE RECURSOS DIDÁTICOS TÁTEIS PARA DISCENTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL
Authors: OLIVEIRA SANTOS KAROLINE , CRISTIANE TORRES ELOIZA
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho apresenta possibilidades de ensino-aprendizagem para discentes com deficiência visual, com foco em conteúdos de geomorfologia fluvial, por meio da elaboração de recursos táteis inclusivos. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, cursos no Centro de Apoio Pedagógico (CAP) na área da deficiência visual, da cidade de Londrina (PR), além de práticas e contato direto com pessoas com deficiência visual. Os conceitos de geomorfologia fluvial estão presentes tanto na formação inicial do profissional de Geografia, quanto na educação básica-regular. Devido à importância e complexidade, é preciso pensar formas práticas e lúdicas, de realizar a transposição didática destes conceitos e conteúdos para todos os discentes.
GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE HUMID TROPICS - BRAZIL`S SOUTHEAST/ GEOMORFOLOGIA DOS TRÓPICOS ÊMIDOS - SUDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: MENDES DA SILVA TELMA
Published: July 2022

Os trópicos úmidos brasileiros caracterizam-se por médias anuais de temperaturas em torno de 25ºC e de índices pluviométricos entre 1.250 mm a 2.000 mm e ocorrem, principalmente, no litoral oriental do Brasil. Tais características climáticas se associam a acelerados mecanismos de meteorização de rochas, solos e, consequentemente, levando à remoção intensa de material de superfície e/ou subsuperfície. A paisagem resultante associa-se a processos de intensa (re)modelagem do relevo, revelando feições típicas com espessas coberturas de material intemperizado, topos arredondados e vales fluviais encaixados em setores altimetricamente mais elevados. Feições de "Mares de Morros", p.ex., são constantemente citadas como resultante da morfodinâmica desses ambientes tropicais, em que a elevada umidade define o principal, e mais importante, input de energia na geração do reafeiçoamento acelerado da paisagem.
Comparative Bony Union Time Analysis of Dynamic Hip Screw and Proximal Femoral Plate Implants
Authors: Nauman Manzoor  , Ali Shami  , Muhammad Hanif  , Badar Munir  , Muhammad Zeeshan Aslam  , Waqas Ahmad Rao  , Ali Akhtar
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the comparative and effective applicability of the Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS), and proximal femoral plate (PFP) in terms of the rapid bony union and complications for treating unstable pertrochanteric fractures.
Methodology: This comparative study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad during a period of 8 months from August 2016 to April 2017. Patients ages of 45 to 90 years, with close fresh unstable pertrochanteric fractures (one week) and of either gender were included. All the patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group A underwent PFP treatment and patients of group B underwent DHS treatment. Patients were followed up after 6 weeks and then every 2 weekly afterwards for a total period of 3 months for assessment of bony union both clinically and radiologically. The data was collected on a pre-structured Performa, and analysis was done using SPSS version 26.
Results: A total of 84 patients were analysed, and average age of the patients in the PFP group was 66.57 Â± 11.71 years and in the DHS group was 70.14 Â± 9.03 years. Females were found in majority in both groups. No union was found till six weeks in both groups, while on 2nd month followup, union was found significantly high 19.0% in cases of the PFP group, compared to the 2.4% in the DHS group (p-0.014). On 2.5th months the union rate was significantly higher 59.5% in the PFP group, compared to the 7.1% DHS group (p-0.014), while on the 3rd month followup the union was almost in all cases in both groups (p-0.557) and the overall average union duration was significantly lower in PFP group compared to the DHS (p-0.001).
Conclusion: The proximal femoral plate technique for treating unstable pertrochanteric fractures was observed to be more effective in terms of significant rapid bony union with minimum complications compared to the Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS).
Association of Skeletal Muscle Strength and Body Fat Distribution on Pulmonary Functions
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mohammed Alhowikan
Published: July 2022

Objectives: The body's muscle strength and fat distribution are essential for a normal, healthy life.  This study aimed to assess a link between pulmonary function tests, upper and lower extremity muscular strength, and body fat distribution in Saudi males.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of physiology at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 106 participants were invited, ranging from 20-47 years old. The participants were divided into three groups, with ages ranging from 20-29 years old, 30-39 years old, and 40–47 years old. The handgrip and thigh muscle strength was assessed using isometric dynamometry. Pulmonary function tests were performed according to the American Thoracic Society's guidelines and recommendations.
Results: There was no significant difference between the three age groups in upper and lower limb muscle strength. The handgrip strength was stable from 20 to 47 years, ranging from 37 to 39. The thigh muscle strength was not affected by age among the three age groups. Skinfold measurement of the upper body showed no significant differences in biceps and triceps. However, skinfold measurements of subscapular and supra iliac were different significantly.
Conclusion: There was no association between the age groups in upper and lower limbs muscle strength. It’s suggested that further large studies will be conducted to explore the findings and reach better conclusions.
Determine the Severity of Acute Respiratory Infections by Using Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS) in Children Visiting Federal Govt. Polyclinic hospital, Islamabad
Authors: Naveed Ashraf  , Naveed Butt  , Kaneez Fatima  , Atiqa Minhas  , Rabia Tabasum  , Shahzad Munir  , Amna Gul  , Maham Zahid
Published: July 2022

Objective:Â To determine the severity of acute respiratory infections in children by using Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS).
Methodology:Â ThisÂ descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at the outpatient and emergency paediatric department of the Federal Govt. Polyclinic hospital, Islamabad, from October 2017 to December 2019.Â One hundred and seventeenÂ children with acute respiratory infections were enrolled in the study by a non-probability sampling technique. Epidemiologic variables of interest included age, sex, and breastfeeding or not. Clinical variables of interest included respiratory rate, use of accessory respiratory muscle, wheeze on auscultation, and oxygen saturation at room air. Â PRESS assessed tachypnea, wheezing, accessory muscle use, SpO2 and feeding difficulties with each component given a score of 0 or 1, and the total score were categorized as a mild(0-1), moderate (2-3) or severe(4-5).
Results: Out of 117 children, 98 (83.8%) belonged to the age group > 2 monthsâ€“ 12 months, while 19 (16.2%) belonged to the age group > 12 monthsâ€“ 24 months. Among them, 17 (14.5%) were mild, 53 (45.3%) were moderate, and 47 (40.2%) were severe according to their severity of respiratory distress. The hospitalization rate for moderate infection was 84.9% while 100% for severe infection and none of the patient with mild infection was hospitalized (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Early assessment by simple bedside technique will help in managing the respiratory distress according to its severity, reducing the undue investigation and improving the outcome of illness. Moreover it can be easily administered at primary health care facilities for triage of pediatric patients with respiratory distress.
A Comparison of Three Different Trunk Injection Systems for use with Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Fuchs A.D.
Published: July 2022

The development of Plant Growth Regulators and various trunk injection systems with which to introduce the chemicals into the trees has given the Utility Arborist another tool to use in their vegetation management programs. This report compares the efficiency of three different injection systems used under actual field conditions and alternate crew labor assignments. A discussion of actual test results, as well as methodology, potential problems, and specific characteristics of the injection systems will also be presented in this report.
Systemic Chemical Control of Sycamore Anthracnose
Authors: Himelick E.B. , Neely Dan
Published: July 2022

The American sycamore, ultimately a very large tree, is extensively planted in urban areas throughout most of the United States. Anthracnose is an endemic fungus disease that frequently causes serious defoliation and disfigurement of the sycamore. The symptoms and cycle of this disease are discussed, and results are given for 4 years of field studies involving its control through the use of systemic fungicides.
Pin Oak and Silver Maple Chlorosis Treatment with Ferric Ammonium Citrate Solution
Authors: Harrell Mark O. , Pierce Philip A. , Mooter David P.
Published: July 2022

Trunk injections of a commercially available ferric ammonium citrate solution were found to be effective in correcting chlorosis of pin oak and silver maple. Two previously evaluated treatments for chlorosis of pin oak were tested again for comparison. Trunk injections of manganese sulfate, a fungicide, and an N-P-K fertilizer were also tested on silver maple, but did not improve foliage color.
Ozone Tolerance in New Jersey Field-Grown Eastern White Pine
Authors: Eberhardt J. , Brennan E. , Kuser J. , Harkov R.
Published: July 2022

To determine the response of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) to ambient ozone pollution, a test plot of 1,200 trees (5-7 years old) representing 63 seed sources was evaluated for ozone-induced needle injury in New Brunswick, New Jersey. A subset of trees from 19(1984) and 27 (1985, 1986) selected seed sources was treated with an antioxidant N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]-N' phenylurea, or left untreated to compare the relative injury in O3-protected and unprotected needles. During the growing season, the national ambient air quality standard O, of 0.12 ppm was exceeded for 43 hrs in 1985, 25 hrs in 1984, and 12 hrs in 1986. Symptoms generally attributed to ozone pollution such as chlorotic mottling and tipburn were observed on 28% to 36% of the trees in a varying number of seed sources, depending on the year. The frequency of each type of symptom and the age of needle affected varied from year to year, but the amount of injury was always low, affecting a maximum of 5 to 10% of the needle area. There was evidence that the observed injury symptoms might not have all been O3-induced. Antioxidant treatment did not reduce the incidence or severity of injury; the occurrence of injury to white pine did not coincide with injury to Og-sensitive Bel W3 tobacco; and mite feeding and water stress were implicated as possible causes of the observed mottling and tip necrosis. The results are contrary to the more widely held view that eastern white pine is sensitive to O3 pollution. Support could be found in the literature for the position that white pine is not sensitive to O3 perse at concentrations that occur in the northeastern U.S.
Management Influences on Growth of TransplantedMagnolia grandiflora
Authors: Hensley David L. , McNiel Robert E. , Sundheim Richard
Published: July 2022

Container-grownMagnolia grandiflorawere planted in spring and fall with or without hardwood mulch and a complete fertilizer. Fertilizer was placed either in the bottom of the planting hole, mixed with the backfill, or surface applied after planting. Growth measurements were made during 3 seasons. Height growth was not influenced by planting date but was reduced the first season as a result of mulching. After 22 months, however, mulched plants were significantly larger than controls. Fertilization at planting resulted in significant height increases at every evaluation, but fertilizer location was not a factor. Spring planting, mulching, and fertilization resulted in significant increases in stem diameter. Spring planting, mulching and soil incorporation of fertilizer resulted in significantly more branches per plant during the third season.
Wound Closure Rates on Trees
Authors: Neely Dan
Published: July 2022

The amount of trunk growth on ten species of plantation-grown trees differed among and between species. Wound closure rates on these trees correlated positively with trunk growth and varied between species and between years. More callus was produced around large wounds than around small wounds on the same tree. Callus growth at the periphery of the wound was greater than the radial growth of the stem. Closure rate on slow-growing trees within a species was greater per unit of radial growth than on the fast-growing trees. Significant variability in wound closure rates was found within a population, a finding that suggests that plant breeders may be able to select for plants with this attribute.
Extensible Model for Turkish Single Document Summarization
Authors: Turan Metin , Pek Mesut
Published: July 2022

The development of Automatic Text Summarization systems with the help of a computer is one of the most challenge for two decades. The amount of information currently available and the time problem of those who need information reveal the importance of such summaries.

Generally, successful summaries are produced by people. However, it is obvious that human resources will not be enough to summarize the daily flow of information. Today, work is focused on designing and improving systems that automatically extract the abstract from the text.

In this study, a summarization system based on a parametric method has been proposed and implemented. It summarizes a single Turkish text. The compression ratio of the summary can be determined by the user. The system also offers title and keyword support to the user. The evaluation reveals an average model, however the hardness of Turkish language considered it is promising.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Sawachh Bharat Abhiyan among People Living in Urban Area of Sasaram, Rohtas with a View to Develop Information Booklet.
Authors: Shubham Kumar  , Shalu Bhardwaj  , Siddharth Singh  , Kumud Tiwari
Published: July 2022

Swachh Bharat Mission was launched by our Hon. Prime Minister, ShriNarendraModi on October 2, 2014 with Mahatma Gandhi as the inspiration, to create a clean India of his dream by 2019, on his 150th birth anniversary. The basic objective is to create sanitation facilities for all and eliminate completely the unhealthy practice of open defecation. This study is conducted to assess knowledge, regarding Swachh Bharat Abhiyan among urban people. Methods: descriptive suvey research study was conducted among 60 subjects of urban area with self-structured questionnaire in order to assess their knowledge, regarding Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. Data entry and analysis was carried out in Microsoft excel. Results: Percentage wise distribution of people in relation to their age group indicated 24(40%) of them belong to 25-35 years of age, 20(33.33%) of them belong to 35-45years,16(26.6%) of them belong to 55 years and above. Percentage wise distribution of people Gender depicts majority of them are 46(76.6%) belong to male, 14(23.33%) belongs to female .Percentage wise distribution of people in religion indicate 35(58.3%) of them belongs to Hindu and 25(41.6%) of them belongs to Muslim. Percentage wise distribution of people in marital status indicate 48(80%) of them belongs to married and 12(20%) of them belongs to unmarried and 0(0%) of them belongs to divorced. Percentage wise distribution of people in educational status indicate 6(10%) of them belongs to no formal education and 4(6.6%) of them belongs to primary education 27(45%) of them belongs to secondary education 23(38.3%) of them belongs to graduate. In our study, it was found 55(91.66%) people know about how the waste materials are collected 5(8.33%) people don’t know about it .47(78.33%) people know Sewage is mainly generated from which of these and 13(21.66%) don’t know about it.21(35%) people know about what are the factors that affect health and 39(65%) people don’t know about it.
Análisis constructivo y reconstrucción digital 3D de las ruinas del Antiguo Palacio de Verano de Pekín (Yuanmingyuan): el Pabellón de la Paz Universal (Wanfanganhe)
Authors: Chen Yan , Del Blanco García Federico Luis
Published: July 2022

La destrucción del Antiguo Palacio de Verano de Pekín tras el saqueo de las tropas franco-británicas en 1860 ha supuesto una pérdida inestimable en la historia de la arquitectura, calificado por varios autores como una de las maravillas de la arquitectura china.El artículo presenta la reconstrucción virtual y análisis geométrico del Pabellón de la Paz Universal del Antiguo Palacio, con unas características únicas en la arquitectura tradicional china tanto en su forma como en la combinación de los elementos estructurales de madera. Actualmente tan solo se conserva la plataforma de cimentación.Para la consecución de una reconstrucción rigurosa y precisa, se ha acudido a las fuentes originales de China y del Museo de la Ciudad Prohibida, traduciendo los antiguos textos del chino de la dinastía Qing y recopilando la documentación original existente. Los resultados incluyen nueva documentación inédita del proyecto.La reconstrucción del Pabellón de la Paz pretende continuar los esfuerzos realizados por la “Mission Palais d’Eté” (Misión del Palacio de Verano) entre 1983 y 1985, llevada a cabo por la cooperación de investigadores y arquitectos franceses y chinos. Recientemente, la institución “Cooperans” ha retomado las investigaciones sobre el Antiguo Palacio de Verano para fortalecer los vínculos culturales entre Europa y China.La reconstrucción digital del proyecto permite visualizar, analizar y entender un proyecto del que tan solo se conservan ruinas. Mediante la documentación de los restos de las antiguas ruinas y la exportación a sistemas de realidad virtual del pabellón Wanfanganhe, se establece un vínculo entre la arquitectura china y los usuarios interesados, suprimiendo las barreras lingüísticas. El proceso de la medición, modelado 3D y la traducción de los elementos fundamentales de la arquitectura tradicional china ha sido llevado a cabo con precisión para generar un modelo que represente una parte inolvidable de la historia china.
Data-driven conservation actions of heritage places curated with HBIM
Authors: Saricaoglu Tugba , Saygi Gamze
Published: July 2022

Digital surveying tools provide a highly accurate geometric representation of cultural heritage sites in the form of point cloud data. With the recent advances in interoperability between point cloud data and Building Information Modelling (BIM), digital heritage researchers have introduced the Heritage/Historic Information Modelling (HBIM) notion to the field. As heritage data require safeguarding strategies to ensure their sustainability, the process is closely tied to conservation actions in the architectural conservation field. Focusing on the intersection of the ongoing trends in HBIM research and the global needs for heritage conservation actions, this paper tackles methodological pipelines for the data-driven management of archaeological heritage places. It illustrates how HBIM discourse could be beneficial for easing value-based decision-making in the conservation process. It introduces digital data-driven conservation actions by implementing a novel methodology for ancient building remains in Erythrae archaeological site (Turkey). The research ranges from a) surveying the in-situ remains and surrounding stones of the Heroon remains with digital photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning to b) designing a database system for building archaeology. The workflow offers high geometric fidelity and management of non-geometric heritage data by testing out the suitability and feasibility for the study of material culture and the physical assessment of archaeological building remains. This methodology is a fully data-enriched NURBS-based (non-uniform rational basis spline) three-dimensional (3D) model—which is integrated and operational in the BIM environment— for the holistic conservation process. Using a state-of-the-art digital heritage approach can be applied from raw data (initial stages) to decision-making about an archaeological heritage site (final stages). In conclusion, the paper offers a method for data-driven conservation actions, and given its methodological framework, it lends itself particularly well to HBIM-related solutions for building archaeology.
Ancient restorations: computer-based structural approach for the identification and reinterpretation of the Medracen’s constructive sequence
Authors: Amokrane Lamia , Kassab Tsouria , Monjo-Carrio Juan
Published: July 2022

This paper addresses the importance of a structural approach for identifying and interpreting building chronology, as well as for the establishment of historical stratigraphy. Through structural analyses, carried out on the oldest extant royal mausoleum in North Africa, the Medracen (4th-3rd century BC), located in eastern Algeria, it has been possible to identify building sequences and structural characteristics; a reinterpretation of its constructive sequence within a specific historical context was also suggested. A static linear Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was performed on a simplified 3D model conceived with solid elements to assess the structural behaviour of the structure under the effect of its self-weight and to identify, consequently, its construction sequence. The equilibrium approach was effective in identifying the structure’s geometry. Results show that Medracen’s ancient restoration was a strengthening intervention strategy and had a symbolic aim related to the function of the funerary building. Restoration works, consisting of repairing specific parts of the building and adding an external cladding, as a whole architectural entity, contributed to reducing the effect of tensile stress, therefore, stabilizing the inner core. Besides, this same action was a means for the Numidian elite to transform an ancient monumental burial (sepulchrum) into a monument (monumentum) with cultural significance likely to convey socio-political messages relating to power and sovereignty. Therefore, we can speak of an “evolutionary restoration” that reflects the ambitions of the Numidian elite to become part of the Mediterranean orbit.
Seis tareas urgentes para 1985
Authors: El Editor
Published: July 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 40, No. 435-436, 1985: 1-16.
¡El diario de hoy vs. Duarte!
Authors: O. M. G.
Published: July 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 40, No. 435-436, 1985: 85-87.
Hacia dónde va Nicaragua en 1985
Authors: R. C.
Published: July 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 40, No. 435-436, 1985: 88-91.
Marketing implications of hip-hop culture in the greater Durban area
Authors:   , Hawkins Raymond Hilary
Published: July 2022

Hip-Hop culture has created a lot of interest and controversy around the world. Most people have used and engaged in debates without having a clear understanding of it. Although there are numerous articles to be found on Hip-Hop culture, very little research has been done on this particular topic. The confusion that surrounds Hip-Hop culture highlights the need for marketers to conduct more research on this particular area. This particular study was conducted within the South African marketplace, in four Durban areas using a quantitative research method. The sample for the study was supposed to consist of 400 hundred respondents, but only 350 respondents were selected using a convenience sampling. Respondents were required to complete a six paged questionnaire with the interviewer's assistance. The main objective of the research was to identify and analyze the marketing implications of Hip-Hop culture in the greater Durban area. The results revealed that 60% of the respondents are strongly committed to Hip-Hop culture and they are brand fanatics. Therefore, this seeks to say, that marketers need concentrate on promoting Hip-Hop products and services. And is the high time to know the Hip-Hop culture's needs and wants.
Pengaruh Keteladanan Dan Kedisiplinan Guru Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Santri Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Kampus 7 Kalianda Lampung Selatan
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto Adi Kusumah , Ahmad Fauzan  , Achi Rinaldi
Published: July 2022

Dalam dunia pendidikan keteladanan dan kedisiplinan guru mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam menciptakan karakter peserta didik. Peran tersebut begitu nampak pada pola pendidikan pesantren seperti di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Kampus 7. Dimana peserta didik (santri) berada di asrama bersama guru-gurunya selama 24 jam, sehingga apa yang dilihat, didengar, dan dikerjakan oleh santri dari gurunya merupakan unsur-unsur dalam pembentukan karakter santri. Untuk itu penulis mencoba mengkaji fenomena yang terjadi di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Kampus 7, yang mana keteladanan dan kedisiplinan guru sudah baik akan tetapi karakter santri khususnya santri kelas 1 masih kurang. Hal inilah yang menarik perhatian penulis untuk meneliti lebih lanjut. Dari uraian diatas, maka dapat dirumuskan masalah penelitian sebagai berikut : (1) Apakah terdapat pengaruh keteladanan guru terhadap pembentukan karakter santri Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Kampus 7? (2) Apakah terdapat pengaruh kedisiplinan guru terhadap terhadap pembentukan karakter santri Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Kampus 7? (3) Apakah terdapat pengaruh keteladanan dan kedisiplinan guru secara bersama-sama terhadap pembentukan karakter santri Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Kampus 7?

            Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:(a).Mengetahui pengaruh Keteladanan Guru di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan karkter santri di PMDG Kampus 7 Kalianda Lampung Selatan.(b)Mengetahui pengaruh Kedisiplinan Guru dalam  mempengaruhi pembentukan karakter santri di Pondok Modern Darsussalam Gontor Kampus 7 Kalianda Lampung Selatan.(3) Mengetahui pengaruh Keteladanan Guru dan Kedisiplinan Guru Secara bersama-sama terhadap pembentukan karakter santri Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Kampus 7 Kalinda Lampung Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 161 peserta didik dan sample penelitian sebanyak 148 peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan angket kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data dan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana dan regresi linier berganda.

            Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pengaruh Variabel X1 Keteladanan Guru memeliki pengaruh sebesar (0,511) 51,1% terhadap Variabel Y Pembentukan Karakter Santri, Pengaruh Variabel X2 Kedisiplinan Guru memeliki pengaruh sebesar (0,391) 39,1% terhadap Variabel Y Pembentukan Karakter Santri, maka Pengaruh Keteladanan Guru dan Kedisiplinan Guru memiliki pengaruh sebesar (0,552) 55,2% Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Santri.

 

Kata Kunci : Keteladanan Guru, Kedisiplinan Guru, Karakter Santri
Editorial Vol. 2 Núm. 2
Authors: Aparicio Gómez Oscar Yecid
Published: July 2022

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Reflexiones sobre la enseñanza de la Física y la Química
Authors: Benvenuto Pérez Edgardo Remo
Published: July 2022

Para la enseñanza de la Química y Física, en cualquiera de los niveles educativos, hay que tomar en consideración, en mi opinión, dos cuestiones fundamentales:  la aptitud de los estudiantes y profesores y la calidad de los libros de texto. Durante años he estado trabajando en algo a lo que denomino Proyecto Aptitud. Este proyecto es una propuesta pedagógica para la selección, secuencia, calidad y cantidad de los contenidos de asignaturas de Ciencias Naturales, en especial de la Física y la Química.
Using meta-analysis to explore the transferability of education mid-range theories to Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria and Niger: Final academic report – Evidence synthesis
Authors: Higgins Steve , Dobson Emma , Kay Jonathan , Okwen Patrick
Published: July 2022

Our project sought to recontextualise a popular evidence portal from the English education system to Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria. The Teaching and Learning Toolkit is a resource that summarises the global evidence for 30 different pedagogical approaches in plain language so that it can inform the decisions of school leaders in England. This paper shares the evidence synthesis for the project.