bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Final Results from the CARINA Project on Crack Initiation and Arrest of Irradiated German RPV Steels for Neutron Fluences in the Upper Bound
Authors: Hein H. , Keim E. , Schnabel H. , Barthelmes J. , Eiselt Ch. , Obermeier F. , Ganswind J. , Widera M.
Published: May 2014

Comprehensive crack initiation and crack arrest tests were performed, up to neutron fluences far beyond the end of life range, on irradiated original reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel specimens from German pressurized water reactors (PWR). The neutron fluences applied to the specimen materials under light water reactor conditions were between 5.44 × 1018n/cm2 and 7.67 × 1019n/cm2 (E > 1 MeV) with a neutron flux from 2.64 × 1010n/cm2s to 2.55 × 1012n/cm2s. The objective was to extend the already existing experimental database to reach a final comparative assessment of both the RTNDT and the RTT0 (Master Curve) concepts for proof of sufficient margin against RPV brittle fracture and to assess the impact of important factors such as neutron flux, manufacturing effects and specific irradiation effects such as late blooming effects. The test data show that most of the measured fracture toughness data are enveloped by the “lower bound” ASME KIc-curve for crack initiation and that the RTT0 concept compared to the RTNDT concept leads to lower reference temperatures for the base materials. However, for the weld materials, the general trend of RTNDT > RTT0 is less or not at all pronounced. It was also found that the measured ΔT41 and ΔT0 data show a good correlation and that the RTT0 of heat affected zone (HAZ) materials is lower compared to the base materials. Finally, the applicability of both the RTNDT and the Master curve concepts for crack arrest was confirmed, except the alternative use of RTT0 for indexing of the KIa fracture toughness curve could not be confirmed by the measured data. The application of a so-called duplex specimen geometry for crack arrest testing led to essential improvements; however, further optimizations of the specimens’ fabrication process are still recommended. Finally, the complete database is assessed with respect to benefits for future RPV safety analyses.
Comparison of Charpy V-Notch-Energy-Based Embrittlement Trend Curves Developed in the United States
Authors: Erickson Marjorie
Published: May 2014

Charpy V-notch energy (CVE) versus temperature data obtained from the U.S. light water nuclear reactor fleet are used to track irradiation damage to reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials. This data is typically fit using a hyperbolic tangent (tanh) function to determine the temperature at which the mean CVE is equal to 30 ft-lb (41 J); the information used in tracking irradiation embrittlement. EricksonKirk [EricksonKirk, M. T., “Technical Basis for Revision of Regulatory Guide 1.99: NRC Guidance on Methods to Estimate the Effects of Radiation Embrittlement on the Charpy V-Notch Impact Toughness of Reactor Vessel Materials,” ADAMS ML081120289, U.S. NRC Draft Report, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 2007] and others recently developed an alternative strategy for fitting the CVE versus temperature data in which they identified a single CVE versus temperature relationship that appears to well represent the behavior of a very wide variety of ferritic steels for temperatures at and below the fracture mode transition temperature. This Charpy “master curve” equation was developed in a manner consistent with that used to define a fracture toughness transition reference temperature as described in ASTM E1921 [1] with specimens exhibiting significant ductility excluded. The newly defined TCVE was used to develop an embrittlement trend curve (FIT 6) to predict irradiation damage in RPV steels and was demonstrated to predict that data reasonably well. Predictions of embrittlement behavior made using this embrittlement trend curve (ETC) were recently compared to predictions made using other trend curves developed using the U.S. light water reactor fleet [“Radiation Embrittlement of Reactor Vessel Materials,” Regulatory Guide 1.99, Revision 2, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 1988; ASTM E900-02: Standard Guide for Predicting Radiation-Induced Transition Temperature Shift in Reactor Vessel Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007; and Alternate Fracture Toughness Requirements for Protection against Pressurized Thermal Shock Events,” NRC Regulation 10CFR50.61a, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 2010]. Comparisons were made using the entire data set as well as on subsets of the data (BWR versus PWR data, specific product forms, high copper versus low copper, etc.). These comparisons demonstrate that although Fit 6, 10CFR50.61a, and ASTM E900 all predict the data fairly well, some curves are better at predicting various aspects of the data than others. The strengths and weaknesses of each curve are discussed in detail.
Validation of Six Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Estrogen-Induced Mammary Cancer in the Rat and Assessment of Their Relevance to Breast Cancer Risk in Humans
Authors: Colletti John A , Leland-Wavrin Kristin M , Kurz Scott G , Hickman Maureen Peters , Seiler Nicole L , Samanas Nyssa Becker , Eckert Quincy A , Dennison Kirsten L , Ding Lina , Schaffer Beverly S , Shull James D
Published: May 2014

When treated with 17β-estradiol, female ACI rats (Rattus norvegicus) rapidly develop mammary cancers that share multiple phenotypes with luminal breast cancers. Seven distinct quantitative trait loci that harbor genetic determinants of susceptibility to 17β-estradiol−induced mammary cancer have been mapped in reciprocal intercrosses between susceptible ACI rats and resistant Brown Norway (BN) rats. A panel of unique congenic rat strains has now been generated and characterized to confirm the existence of these quantitative trait loci, designated Emca3 through Emca9, and to quantify their individual effects on susceptibility to 17β-estradiol−induced mammary cancer. Each congenic strain carries BN alleles spanning an individual Emca locus, introgressed onto the ACI genetic background. Data presented herein indicate that BN alleles at Emca3, Emca4, Emca5, Emca6, and Emca9 reduce susceptibility to 17β-estradiol−induced mammary cancer, whereas BN alleles at Emca7 increase susceptibility, thereby confirming the previous interval mapping data. All of these Emca loci are orthologous to regions of the human genome that have been demonstrated in genome-wide association studies to harbor genetic variants that influence breast cancer risk. Moreover, four of the Emca loci are orthologous to loci in humans that have been associated with mammographic breast density, a biomarker of breast cancer risk. This study further establishes the relevance of the ACI and derived congenic rat models of 17β-estradiol−induced mammary cancer for defining the genetic bases of breast cancer susceptibility and elucidating the mechanisms through which 17β-estradiol contributes to breast cancer development.
Essential Domains ofSchizosaccharomyces pombeRad8 Required for DNA Damage Response
Authors: Ding Lin , Forsburg Susan L
Published: May 2014

Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad8 is a conserved protein homologous to S. cerevisiaeRad5 and human HLTF that is required for error-free postreplication repair by contributing to polyubiquitylation of PCNA. It has three conserved domains: an E3 ubiquitin ligase motif, a SNF2-family helicase domain, and a family-specific HIRAN domain. Data from humans and budding yeast suggest that helicase activity contributes to replication fork regression and template switching for fork restart. We constructed specific mutations in the three conserved domains and found that both the E3 ligase and HIRAN domains are required for proper response to DNA damage caused by a variety of agents. In contrast, mutations in the helicase domain show no phenotypes in a wild-type background. To determine whether Rad8 functionally overlaps with other helicases, we compared the phenotypes of single and double mutants with a panel of 23 nonessential helicase mutants, which we categorized into five phenotypic groups. Synthetic phenotypes with rad8∆ were observed for mutants affecting recombination, and a rad8 helicase mutation affected the HU response of a subset of recombination mutants. Our data suggest that the S. pombe Rad8 ubiquitin ligase activity is important for response to a variety of damaging agents, while the helicase domain plays only a minor role in modulating recombination-based fork restart during specific forms of replication stress.
A Roadmap for Functional Structural Variants in the Soybean Genome
Authors: Anderson Justin E , Kantar Michael B , Kono Thomas Y , Fu Fengli , Stec Adrian O , Song Qijian , Cregan Perry B , Specht James E , Diers Brian W , Cannon Steven B , McHale Leah K , Stupar Robert M
Published: May 2014

Gene structural variation (SV) has recently emerged as a key genetic mechanism underlying several important phenotypic traits in crop species. We screened a panel of 41 soybean (Glycine max) accessions serving as parents in a soybean nested association mapping population for deletions and duplications in more than 53,000 gene models. Array hybridization and whole genome resequencing methods were used as complementary technologies to identify SV in 1528 genes, or approximately 2.8%, of the soybean gene models. Although SV occurs throughout the genome, SV enrichment was noted in families of biotic defense response genes. Among accessions, SV was nearly eightfold less frequent for gene models that have retained paralogs since the last whole genome duplication event, compared with genes that have not retained paralogs. Increases in gene copy number, similar to that described at the Rhg1 resistance locus, account for approximately one-fourth of the genic SV events. This assessment of soybean SV occurrence presents a target list of genes potentially responsible for rapidly evolving and/or adaptive traits.
Identification of a Novel Strong and Ubiquitous Promoter/Enhancer in the SilkwormBombyx mori
Authors: Tsubota Takuya , Uchino Keiro , Suzuki Takao K , Tanaka Hiromitsu , Kayukawa Takumi , Shinoda Tetsuro , Sezutsu Hideki
Published: May 2014

Transgenic techniques offer a valuable tool for determining gene functions. Although various promoters are available for use in gene overexpression, gene knockdown, and identification of transgenic individuals, there is nevertheless a lack of versatile promoters for such studies, and this dearth acts as a bottleneck, especially with regard to nonmodel organisms. Here, we succeeded in identifying a novel strong and ubiquitous promoter/enhancer in the silkworm. We identified a unique silkworm strain whose reporter gene showed strong and ubiquitous expression during the establishment of enhancer trap strains. In this strain, the transposon was inserted into the 5′UTR of hsp90, a housekeeping gene that is abundantly expressed in a range of tissues. To determine whether the promoter/enhancer of hsp90 could be used to induce strong gene expression, a 2.9-kb upstream genomic fragment of hsp90 was isolated (hsp90P2.9k), and its transcriptional activation activity was examined. Strikingly, hsp90P2.9k induced strong gene expression in silkworm cell cultures and also strongly induced gene expression in various tissues and developmental stages of the silkworm. hsp90P2.9k also exhibited significant promoter/enhancer activity in Sf9, a cell culture from the armyworm, suggesting that this fragment might possibly be used as a gene expression tool in other Lepidoptera. We further found that 2.0 kb of hsp90P2.9k is sufficient for the induction of strong gene expression. We believe that this element will be of value for a range of studies such as targeted gene overexpression, gene knockdown and marker gene expression, not only in the silkworm but also in other insect species.
Species-Level Deconvolution of Metagenome Assemblies with Hi-C–Based Contact Probability Maps
Authors: Burton Joshua N , Liachko Ivan , Dunham Maitreya J , Shendure Jay
Published: May 2014

Microbial communities consist of mixed populations of organisms, including unknown species in unknown abundances. These communities are often studied through metagenomic shotgun sequencing, but standard library construction methods remove long-range contiguity information; thus, shotgun sequencing and de novo assembly of a metagenome typically yield a collection of contigs that cannot readily be grouped by species. Methods for generating chromatin-level contact probability maps, e.g., as generated by the Hi-C method, provide a signal of contiguity that is completely intracellular and contains both intrachromosomal and interchromosomal information. Here, we demonstrate how this signal can be exploited to reconstruct the individual genomes of microbial species present within a mixed sample. We apply this approach to two synthetic metagenome samples, successfully clustering the genome content of fungal, bacterial, and archaeal species with more than 99% agreement with published reference genomes. We also show that the Hi-C signal can secondarily be used to create scaffolded genome assemblies of individual eukaryotic species present within the microbial community, with higher levels of contiguity than some of the species’ published reference genomes.
Genetic Control of Maize Shoot Apical Meristem Architecture
Authors: Thompson Addie M , Crants James , Schnable Patrick S , Yu Jianming , Timmermans Marja C P , Springer Nathan M , Scanlon Michael J , Muehlbauer Gary J
Published: May 2014

The shoot apical meristem contains a pool of undifferentiated stem cells and generates all above-ground organs of the plant. During vegetative growth, cells differentiate from the meristem to initiate leaves while the pool of meristematic cells is preserved; this balance is determined in part by genetic regulatory mechanisms. To assess vegetative meristem growth and genetic control in Zea mays, we investigated its morphology at multiple time points and identified three stages of growth. We measured meristem height, width, plastochron internode length, and associated traits from 86 individuals of the intermated B73 × Mo17 recombinant inbred line population. For meristem height-related traits, the parents exhibited markedly different phenotypes, with B73 being very tall, Mo17 short, and the population distributed between. In the outer cell layer, differences appeared to be related to number of cells rather than cell size. In contrast, B73 and Mo17 were similar in meristem width traits and plastochron internode length, with transgressive segregation in the population. Multiple loci (6−9 for each trait) were mapped, indicating meristem architecture is controlled by many regions; none of these coincided with previously described mutants impacting meristem development. Major loci for height and width explaining 16% and 19% of the variation were identified on chromosomes 5 and 8, respectively. Significant loci for related traits frequently coincided, whereas those for unrelated traits did not overlap. With the use of three near-isogenic lines, a locus explaining 16% of the parental variation in meristem height was validated. Published expression data were leveraged to identify candidate genes in significant regions.
Genome-Wide Estimation of Linkage Disequilibrium from Population-Level High-Throughput Sequencing Data
Authors: Maruki Takahiro , Lynch Michael
Published: May 2014

Rapidly improving sequencing technologies provide unprecedented opportunities for analyzing genome-wide patterns of polymorphisms. In particular, they have great potential for linkage-disequilibrium analyses on both global and local genetic scales, which will substantially improve our ability to derive evolutionary inferences. However, there are some difficulties with analyzing high-throughput sequencing data, including high error rates associated with base reads and complications from the random sampling of sequenced chromosomes in diploid organisms. To overcome these difficulties, we developed a maximum-likelihood estimator of linkage disequilibrium for use with error-prone sampling data. Computer simulations indicate that the estimator is nearly unbiased with a sampling variance at high coverage asymptotically approaching the value expected when all relevant information is accurately estimated. The estimator does not require phasing of haplotypes and enables the estimation of linkage disequilibrium even when all individual reads cover just single polymorphic sites.
Introduction: Islamic Law in South-East Asia
Authors: Hooker MB.
Published: May 2014

In this paper the author confines herself to a specific set of material so as to narrow the issue. All too often this is not done and, as a consequence, argument very quickly degenerates into generalities, mostly driven by personal and/or political bias. Such is illustrated in Ahmad's discussion of Western feminist comment on Islam, Muslim women and human rights where, in quite influential books, we find a combination of inappropriate theory with no understanding of fiqh. The theory looks convincing to a Western reader because it is Western. The insidious nature of the assumptions involved is demonstrated in Ahmad's discussion of Iranian and Malaysian Muslim feminist writings in which we can find an "internalised orientalism". All that this means is that Western feminist theory has set the agenda and determines the method of argument, a position which is not acceptable.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i1.636
Public Faces of Sharī’ah in Contemporary Indonesia: Towards a National Madhhab
Authors: Hooker MB. , Lindsey Tim
Published: May 2014

The thesis of this article that all faces and expressions of shari'ah in Indonesia must be read together and that together they point to a debate about Islamic law that, while fragmented, might be said to be peculiar to Indonesia. Can they be made to amount to assonance or is dissonance the characteristic of this Madhhab Nasional Shari'ah Republik Indonesia? And if dissonance is the defining characteristic, is that necessarily a bad thing? We will suggest some answers to these questions in the conclusion to this article.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i1.637
Islamic Banking in Malaysia: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Borhan Joni Tamkin
Published: May 2014

This paper will discuss the historical development of establishment of Islamic banking in Malaysia, their operations and application of Islamic Commercial Law's principles in the Malaysian Islamic banking system. This paper will also elaborates the challenges and some issues which are being faced by Malaysian Islamic banking system and its prospects in the future.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i2.630
Al-Islām wa al-Mar’ah: Qaḍīyat al-Mar’ah ‘inda al-Dārisīn bi al-Jamī’at al-Islāmīyah al-Ḥukūmīyah bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Jahroni Jajang
Published: May 2014

The article's main aim is to map the development of gender discourse in IAIN throughout Indonesia. As is known, the discourse on gender only emerged and began to develop in lndonesia in the early 1990s. Yet, IAIN is not only involved in this movement but also plays a very important role in directing the movement. Many IAIN figures are influential gender activists in lndonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i2.632
Antara Hitam dan Putih: Penghulu pada Masa Kolonial Belanda
Authors: Fauzia Amelia
Published: May 2014

As indicated in the title, this book describes position of the pangulu as a social phenomenon in the period of Dutch colonial administration when many social and religious changes took place. There are three main focuses of the book in describing the role of the pangulu; first, to examine their history and structure in the colonial government; second, to describe their conflicting roles as Islamic leaders and as colonial government officials; and third, to understand how pangulu interacted with Islamic reformism and the nationalist movement.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i2.634
Outlines of the Strategic Plan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta: Heading towards becoming a Research University by the Year 2007
Authors: Azra Azyumardi
Published: May 2014

What is meant by the term Research University? Essentially, a Research university is a university based upon a research tradition. The implications are broad, being that the university must have the capabilities and facilities to support the strengthening of this research tradition. In realizing these aspirations, there is a need to identify how prepared the university is to begin developments in the areas of academic, financial and administrative, institutional, and student affairs. This is necessary to obtain an objective evaluation of the actual capacity of the institution in the above four areas.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i2.635
Mapping Radical Islam in Indonesia
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: May 2014

This paper focuses on the emergence of groups that, according to their followers, want to apply Islamic teachings comprehensively (kaffah) and wholeheartedly. These groups have been variously described as fundamentalist, extremist, radical, and militant. Of course, they do not apply these labels to themselves. The labeling of certain groups has resulted in them gaining negative or pejorative images. It is important to note that the label "fundamentalism" initially applied to Christian-Protestant groups, actually has a neutral meaning. It refers to groups that attempt to return to their basic religious foundations.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i3.622
Sha’ā’ir Qirā’ah Rawātib al-Ḥaddād fī Indūnīsīyā: Dirāsah Tamhīdīyah
Authors: Abdillah Aam
Published: May 2014

This article aims to provide a picture of the traditions of one of the ratib developed by the tariqah followers, namely ratlb al-Haddad, which is often linked to one of the authors and Sufi from Hadrami, Sayyid 'Abd Allah ibn 'Alwt al-Hnddad. In the Indonesian Muslim community, the tradition of rending ratib al-Haddad is believed to have its roots in the tenchings of 'Alawiyyah order. In several regions, such as Bekasi, West Jvan and in the Betawi community, for example, the reading of ratibib al-Haddad has become a tradition that is passed down from one generation to the next, and which is included on various occasions, such as major Islamic days of remembrance, and other religions celebrations.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i3.626
Sufism and the "Modern" in Islam
Authors: Wahid Din
Published: May 2014

At a time when the popular imagination outside the Muslim world has been captured by images of Muslim "fundamentalists" terrorising the "West" and when predominantly Muslim countries themselves are under a variety of political pressures to express solidarity with narrowly legalistic lslam, it is timely to reappraise the actual variety of Islamic religiosity active in the lives of ordinary Muslims. Considerable effort is now being made by scholars, governments and private risk assessment agencies, to identify the social spaces occupied by intolerant, exclusivist expressions of Islam deriving from narrowly legalistic understandings of Islam. However, less energy is being directed towards identifying the contemporary modalities of liberal, non-exclusiuist modes of lslamic religiosity.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i3.628
The Fragmentation of Religious Authority: Islamic Print Media in Early 20th Century Indonesia
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: May 2014

Aside from the scarcity of historical sources, it is not the intention of this article to determine when the pesantren -or pesantren like institutions, namely surau in West Sumatra and dayah in Aceh- began to exist. Here, the main concern is that in the nineteenth century the pesantrens were established as the educational institutions of Indonesian Muslims. Dutch statistical sources from this period recorded that there were about fifteen thousands (15,000) pesantrens in Java and Madura, and about twenty-three thousand (23,000) santris (the students of pesantren) (van den Berg 1886: 518-9).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i1.652
On the Genesis of Intellectual Crossroads: Early Fragmentation in the Formation of Modern Indonesian Intelligentsia
Authors: Latif Yudi
Published: May 2014

This article is an inter-textual analysis of the early colonial and capitalist driven implantation of a western education system and its subsequent influence on the way of thought of the East Indies new elite. Such a feature will be juxtaposed with the impacts of the deepening penetration of colonialism and capitalism on the continuity and discontinuity of historical Islam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i1.653
In Search of Principles of Good Governance: Lesson Learned from a Series of Workshops on "Islamic Western Dialogues on Governance Values"
Authors: Ropi Ismatu
Published: May 2014

In the Indonesia context, issues of good governance have also been an unflagging national agenda. Despite recognition of the importance of good governance, public discourse on this issue has not gained as much attention as it should within this newly democratic country. Following the downfall of the New Order government in 1998,Indonesia has faced the task of rebuilding a social and political system responsive to the changing expectations of the Indonesian people, embodied in the new animating spirit popularly known as Reformasi. This paradigm of reform refers to the wish to see democratic ideals permeate the lives of all Indonesians.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i1.657
Mafhūm Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā’ah ‘Inda Jam’īyah Nahḍah al-‘Ulamā’
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Tolchah
Published: May 2014

this article deals with one of the basic pillars of traditionalist Islam in Indoneisa, ahlussunah waljama'ah (Ar. ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama'ah, meaning people of the sunnah and the [orthodox] community). it was first advocated in Indonesia by the leading 'ulama of the pesantrens, and then appeared as a key religious principle for Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), an institution of 'ulama in Indonesia established in 1926.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i1.648
Literal Translation, Sacred Scripture and Kitab Malay
Authors: Riddell Peter G.
Published: May 2014

The study of Malay dialects was a specialist concern during the period of Dutch colonization of Indonesia and British colonization of the Malay peninsular. In recent times, the Malaysian National Language Council, the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, and its Indonesian counterpart, the Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa (PPPB), have devoted considerable resources to the study of Malay dialectology. Such dialect studies have necessarily had a geographical focus, by way of descriptive grammars of Malay dialects spoken in particular areas. Examples are the studies of Pontianak Malay (Kamal et. al' 1986) and Palembang Malay (Aliana et. al. 1987) published by the PPPB.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.672
Uṣūl al-Madhāhib al-Ṣūfīyah al-Muḥaddathah bi Indūnīsīyā: Mulāhaẓat ‘alā Kitāb Itḥāf al-Dhākī li al-Shaykh Ibrāhīm al-Kurānī
Authors: Fathurahman Oman
Published: May 2014

The present article is a philological study of one of the most important works of lbrahim al-Kurani, written in Malay-Indonesian context, that is Ithaf al-Zaki bi Sharh al-Tuhfah al-Mursalah Ila Ruh al- Nabi. Looking at the title, one can see that Ithaf al-Zaki -two of the manuscripts of which were found in the library of Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyyah, Cairo- is a commentary of the Tuhfah al-Mursalah Ila Ruh al-Nabi of al-Burhanpuri. As is mentioned above, this particular work of al-Burhanpuri had raise controversy not only among the Malay-Indonesian Muslim scholars, but also in the Muslim world in general.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.676
Al-Shaykh Muḥammad Zain Shukrī: Imtidād al-Turāth al-Fikrī li ‘Ulamā’ Fālimbānj fī al-Qarn al-‘Ishrīn al-Mīlādī
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: May 2014

This present article, which was written to try to fill the gap, discusses a figure, namely K.H.M. Zen Syukri, who was one of the productive and influential religious scholars in Palembang at the beginning of the 20th century. Issues such as his biography and religious thoughts, his activities and roles in the spheres of education, dakwah (missionary) and in that of socio-politics are discussed. But more specifically, the article is concerned with the role of K.H.M. Zen Syukri in the development of the Sammaniyyah Order in South Sumatera.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.677
Teologi Reformis, Rasional dan Neo-Modern dalam Konteks Pertarungan Wacana Teologi Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Hara Abubakar Eby
Published: May 2014

Fauzan Saleh's book, on Islamic theological discourses in Indonesia shows the dynamism of Islamic thoughts and practices in Indonesia. From Saleh's description, we may conclude that there have been efforts among Moslem theologians to reform Islamic theological thoughts so that they can cope with progress and modernity. The book focuses on three main modern theological trends: reformist, rationalist and neo-modernist discourses. The reformist was represented by two organizations: Muhammadiyah and Persatuan Islam (Persis), which attempted to purify Islamic teachings among Indonesian Moslems. For the theologians from these organizations, some practices and teachings of Islam adopted by Moslems did not reflect the true spirits of Islam, and were heavily influenced by local traditions such as Hinduism.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.678
The Politic of Salt, not the Politics of Lipstick: Mohammad Hatta on Islam and Nationalism
Authors: Ali-Fauzi Ihsan
Published: May 2014

This article will try to show that Hatta was consistently a religious nationalist, but one who also rejected the idea of an Islamic state. Born in a devout Muslim family, Hatta grew and had always been a devout Muslim in his entire life. But his being a devout Muslim had never been a problem for him to be an astute proponent of Indonesian nationalism. If anything, it even encouraged his nationalist stand. When Indonesia's independence was still in its early stage of preparation in the 1940s, he made it clear that he accepted Pancasila as the basis of the future state, particularly when the "Belief in God" was finally put as the first principle of this state's basis.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i2.667
Irsā al-Usus al-‘Ilmīyah li al-Dirāsat al-Islāmīyah: al-Taṭawwur al-Akādīmī li al-Jāmi’at al-Islāmīyah al-Ḥukūmīyah wa al-Ma’āhid al-Islāmīyah al-Ḥukūmīyah al-‘Ulyā bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Jabali Fuad
Published: May 2014

in the past, the main purpose of IAIN was "simply" as a missionary institution, responsible for the dissemination of the Islamic religion throughout the community. However, as it developed, besides remaining as an institute for propagating missionary works, IAIN has also played an increasingly bigger role as an academic institution in the arena of Islamic higher education. Due to this, the oreinetation, efforts and responsibility of IAIN have shifted noticeable into the realm of academia and knowledge building.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i2.668
Gender in the Eyes of the Indonesian Muslim Organizations
Authors: Ropi Ismatu
Published: May 2014

Needles to say that there are numerous Muslim organizations all over Indonesia, and therefore, some limitation is a necessity. The following qualifications are used to select which of them are to be included: (1) they must be well established and enjoyed a high community support, and (2) act as centers of religious values production and reproduction, especially for the surrounding community. Thus only Muslim organizations with real mass support and strong networks, as well as with real contributions in shaping the Muslims minds and attitudes, will be studied. Using the criteria, besides PERTI, NU and Muhammadiyah mentioned before, thirteen organizations are selected including PERSIS, DDI (Darul Dakwah wa lrryad), Nahdlatul Wathan, and al-Washliyah. Some of these organization are strong only outside Java sucb as PERTI in West Sumatera, al-Washliah in North Sumatera and DDI in South Sulawesi. It is only natural that the research also put great emphasis on Muslims traditions outside Java.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i2.671
Fatwas on Inter-faith Marriage in Indonesia
Authors: Ali Muhamad
Published: May 2014

This article presents a study on the fatwas (legal opinion) concerning inter faith marriage in Indonesia. The fatwas under the discussion are those issued by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) in post-Independence Indonesia. Those fatwas are of special significance, both in terms of Islamic legal discourses and -perhaps more importantly- Muslims' perceptions and attitudes towards other religious communities in Indonesia. Issued by authoritative bodies of Indonesian Islam, more in particular the NU, the fatwas could be said as presenting the voices of Indonesian Muslims in their encounters with the issues of religious tolerance and plurality.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i3.658
Islam as an Ideology: The Political Thought of Tjokroaminoto
Authors: Melayu Hasnul Arifin
Published: May 2014

There are two reasons why Tjokroaminoto maintained a cooperative attitude toward the Dutch. First, he was more inspired by the fear of government retaliation than by conviction; at that time, based on Article 111 of the ordinance of 1854, the Dutch government forbade any political association. Second, this attitude could not be separated from the political environment created by the Dutch government. A moderate attitude shown by Governor General Idenburg created a sympathetic attitude among the S.I. leaders toward the Dutch.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i3.659
New Lights on the Life and Works of Shaikh Dawud al-Fattani
Authors: Rahman Mohd. Zain Abd.
Published: May 2014

Shaykh Dawud al-Fattani is one of the most prominent scholars among the Muslims of the Malay region. His thoughts serve as a legacy for the generation of our modern time, while his works are the source of knowledge that will last forever. His full name, according to Wan Mohd. Shaghir Abdullah, is Wan Dawud bin Van Abdullah bin Wan Idris bin Wan Abu Bakr bin Wan Ismail (Tok Kaya Pandak) bin Andi Faqih Ali Datok Maharajalela. However, Shaykh Dawud, in his writing introduced himself as Shaykh Dawud bin 'Abd Allah bin ldits al-Jawi al-Fattani al-Malayuwi. He is also known as Shaykh Dawud bin Abdullah bin Senik Faftani. Above all, he is better known among the Malays as Tok Shaykh Dawud Fattani or Shaykh Dawud Patani.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i3.660
Iḥtifālāt Arūha bi Jazīrah Hārūkū bu Mālūkū al-Wusṭā: Ṣūrah li al-Takayyuf bayn al-Islām wa al-Thaqāfah al-Mahallīyah
Authors: Husain Hamadi B.
Published: May 2014

Artikel ini menyuguhkan satu kajian tentang proses penerjemahan atau kontekstualisasi Islam dalam terma-terma budaya lokal di Indonesia. Pembabasan artikel ini difokuskan pada apa yang disebut sebagai upacara aroha, yang berkembang di kalangan Muslim di pulau Haruku, Maluku. Melalui upacara ini, baik, unsur Islam dan budaya lokal pra-Islam tampak lebur menjadi satu sistem kepercayaan dan praktek keagamaan masyarakat. Begitu pula melalui upacara aroha ini, pemaknaan masyarakat terhadap ajaran Islam dilakukan dalam kerangka sistem budaya yang telah berakar kuat dalam masyarakat Haruku.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i3.661
Kashf al-Niqāb ‘an Ramz al-Muqāwamah al-Thaqāfīyah: Ṣirā’ bayn al-Muslimīn wa al-Nubalā’ fī Risalatay Dārmūgandul wa Gātūlūshū
Authors: Ali Mochamad
Published: May 2014

The discussion of this article is devoted to delineating the differences and even conflicting characteristics between these two sorts of the Japanese literature. Embedded within the two mentioned social and cultural groups of the Javanese, the priyayi and the santri, the two Javanese literature presented the discourses which are not only different but also disagreement between each other. In the nineteenth century Java, and also the Indonesian archipelago at large, due to the Dutcb colonial government, these mentioned two social and cultural of the Javanese developed into respectively distinct and even conflicting groups.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i3.662
Indonesian Fundamentalism?
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: May 2014

Islam in Southeast Asia provides an example of how a religion develops within a community with a wide variety of ethnic groups. Instead of pushing the local cultures and traditions aside, Islam opens up itself to them and incorporates them into the web of universal Islam. Now one can see the difference of Islamic expressions in Melayw, Aceh, Bugis, Banten, Java, Bugis, Sunda, Patani, Mindanau, Brunai, etc.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i3.664
Súlyos septicus állapotot okozó Fournier-gangraena kezelésével szerzett tapasztalataink
Authors: Lukász Péter , Ecsedy Gábor , Lovay Zoltán , Nagy István , Kári Dániel , Vörös Attila , Ender Ferenc
Published: May 2014

Absztrakt

A Fournier-gangraena egy ritka, necrotizáló, gyorsan tovaterjedő fasciitis, amely beszűri a genitáliát, a perineumot, majd innen kiindulva felfelé, az alhasra és lefelé, a combok felé is terjed. Súlyos, életet veszélyeztető septicus állapot alakulhat ki néhány nap alatt. Kórházunk sebészeti osztályán 2007–2011 között 7 Fournier-gangraenás beteget kezeltünk. Az eredményes kezelés feltétele a korai diagnózis, a sürgős sebészi feltárás, necrectomia, progresszió esetén ismételt intervenciók, célzott antibiotikus therapia és intenzív osztályos kezelés volt. Az alkalmazott kezelés ellenére két beteget septicus állapot miatt elveszítettünk.
Does the Use of Particulate Bone Graft Increase the Incidence of Postoperative Infection in Surgery for Craniosynostosis?
Authors: Muzaffar Arshad R. , Nguyen Thuan B. , Baker Lynette , Warren Abby J.
Published: May 2014

Objective

The use of particulate bone graft (PBG) has become an accepted technique for filling cranial defects created during cranial vault expansion for craniosynostosis. However, the use of PBG may be a risk factor for postoperative infection. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of postoperative infection in patients who received particulate bone graft (PBG+) with that in patients who did not (PBG–).

Design

An Institutional Review Board–approved, retrospective, cohort study of consecutive patients was performed. Twenty-seven consecutive patients in the PBG– group were compared with 21 consecutive patients in the PBG+ group. The two cohorts were assessed for incidence of surgical-site infection.

Results

Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact probability test. Surgical site infection occurred in none of the PBG– patients (0%) versus one of the PBG+ patients (4.76%). This difference in infection rates between the two cohorts was not statistically significant ( P = .4375).

Conclusions

Although there may be concern that PBG could serve as a facilitative medium for bacterial growth, this study demonstrates no statistically significant increase in infection rates with its use. Particulate bone grafting of cranial defects resulting from cranial vault expansion in craniosynostosis remains a useful and valuable technique.
Adsorption behaviour of sulfate in early cement hydration
Authors: Ma Ying , Qian Jueshi , Shen Yan , Jia Xingwen
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates the adsorption behaviour of sulfate on calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel, which is significantly related to cement hydration and delayed ettringite formation. Aqueous sulfate solution from cement paste and prepared calcium-silicate-hydrate samples are used to take other ions and cement hydration into account. The effects of gypsum content, temperature and alkalinity on dissolution and adsorption behaviours of sulfate in cement paste are studied. The results show that higher gypsum content leads to more sulfate ions adsorbed on samples. Sulfate adsorption on calcium-silicate-hydrate samples increases with temperature elevation, which is in agreement with both Divet's and Škapa's results, which used relatively simple calcium-silicate-hydrate–sulfates systems. Higher alkalinity is unfavourable for sulfate ions adsorbed on calcium-silicate-hydrate samples. An alternative opinion was given by Divet and Randriambololona whose result is complex and not representative owing to the adsorption behaviour of sodium ions being neglected.
Electromagnetic techniques in geoenvironmental engineering
Authors: Wagner Norman , Scheuermann Alexander
Published: May 2014

The interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter is sensitive to various temporal and spatial scales. This allows probing the dynamics and structure of molecular processes at interfaces, macroscopic structural states of porous materials as well as altering of rock formations in the subsurface. Hence, high-frequency (radio to microwave) electromagnetic sensing techniques offer the possibility to monitor variations of soil physical state parameters, for example, the volume fraction of free pore water, with high spatial (from centimetre to kilometre) and temporal (from seconds to years) resolution. Against this background, these techniques become increasingly used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering in order to quantitatively explore and examine soil both in laboratory and field investigations.
An interdisciplinary assessment of climate engineering strategies
Authors: Cusack Daniela F , Axsen Jonn , Shwom Rachael , Hartzell-Nichols Lauren , White Sam , Mackey Katherine RM
Published: May 2014

Mitigating further anthropogenic changes to the global climate will require reducing greenhouse‐gas emissions (“abatement”), or else removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and/or diminishing solar input (“climate engineering”). Here, we develop and apply criteria to measure technical, economic, ecological, institutional, and ethical dimensions of, and public acceptance for, climate engineering strategies; provide a relative rating for each dimension; and offer a new interdisciplinary framework for comparing abatement and climate engineering options. While abatement remains the most desirable policy, certain climate engineering strategies, including forest and soil management for carbon sequestration, merit broad‐scale application. Other proposed strategies, such as biochar production and geological carbon capture and storage, are rated somewhat lower, but deserve further research and development. Iron fertilization of the oceans and solar radiation management, although cost‐effective, received the lowest ratings on most criteria. We conclude that although abatement should remain the central climate‐change response, some low‐risk, cost‐effective climate engineering approaches should be applied as complements. The framework presented here aims to guide and prioritize further research and analysis, leading to improvements in climate engineering strategies.
A Modified Surgical Technique for Root Coverage With an Allograft: A 12‐Month Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ayub Lauro G. , Ramos Umberto D. , Reino Danilo M. , Grisi Márcio F.M. , Taba Mário , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Palioto Daniela B. , Novaes Arthur B.
Published: May 2014

Background: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study is to investigate whether a modified surgical technique could provide better results for root coverage and greater amounts of keratinized tissue (KT) with the acellular dermal matrix graft (ADMG).

Methods: Fifteen bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions (GRs) were selected. The recessions were treated and assigned randomly to the test group (TG), and the contralateral recessions were assigned to the control group (CG). The ADMG was used in both groups with differences in the graft positioning between them. The following clinical parameters were measured before the surgeries and after 12 months: 1) probing depth; 2) relative clinical attachment level; 3) GR; 4) thickness of KT (TKT); and 5) KT width. A new parameter, the GR area (GRA), was measured in standardized photographs using a special device and software.

Results: There was no significant difference between groups in KT width and TKT parameters at the 12‐month postoperative period. However, there was a significant difference between the gains in GR (ΔGR) and GRA (ΔGRA), favoring the TG after 12 months. The TG presented ΔGR = 3.04 ± 0.29 mm and ΔGRA= 38,919 ± 9,238 pixel square values (pix2), and the CG presented ΔGR= 2.61 ± 0.41 mm and ΔGRA= 22,245 ± 9,334 pix2 (P <0.05 and <0.001, respectively).

Conclusions: Both techniques were successful. The TG treatment was more effective in reducing GR and GRA. The flap and graft position may be of importance in root coverage procedures outcome.
Crop Diversification, Tillage, and Management System Influence Spring Wheat Yield and Water Use
Authors: Lenssen A. W. , Sainju U. M. , Jabro J. D. , Iversen W. M. , Allen B. L. , Evans R. G.
Published: May 2014

Depleted soil quality, decreased water availability, and increased weed competition constrain spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains. New management systems are necessary for improved crop productivity. The objective of our study was to compare productivity and soil water use of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in four crop rotations (continuous wheat, wheat–pea [Pisum sativum L.], wheat–forage barley [Hordeum vulgaris L.]–pea, and wheat–forage barley–corn [Zea mays L.]–pea) in two tillage (tilled and no‐till) and management systems (conventional and ecological). Conventional management included recommended seed rates, early planting date, and broadcast N fertilization. Ecological management included variable seed rates, delayed planting, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height. Spring wheat in diversified rotations averaged 35 mm greater preplant soil water content, 37 mm greater water use, 0.8 kg ha−1 mm−1 greater water use efficiency, and 473 kg ha−1 and 817 kg ha−1 greater grain and biomass yields than continuous wheat. Wheat in conventional management averaged 28 fewer heads m−2, 4 additional seed head−1, and 2 mg seed−1 heavier seed weight than wheat under ecological management, resulting in 644 kg ha−1 greater yield. Wheat under ecological management used 8 mm more water, but water use efficiency was 2.6 kg ha−1 mm−1 greater under conventional management. Postharvest soil water content was similar among rotations, tillage, and management systems, suggesting that wheat uses most available soil water. Spring wheat in diversified rotations planted early in the season is more resilient and should confer greater production stability than continuous wheat systems planted late.
Evaluation of Genomic Selection Training Population Designs and Genotyping Strategies in Plant Breeding Programs Using Simulation
Authors: Hickey John M. , Dreisigacker Susanne , Crossa Jose , Hearne Sarah , Babu Raman , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Grondona Martin , Zambelli Andres , Windhausen Vanessa S. , Mathews Ky , Gorjanc Gregor
Published: May 2014

Genomic selection offers great potential for increasing the rate of genetic improvement in plant breeding programs. This research used simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies for genotyping and phenotyping to enable genomic selection in early generation individuals (e.g., F2) in breeding programs involving biparental or similar (e.g., backcross or top cross) populations. By using phenotypes that were previously collected in other biparental populations, selection decisions could be made without waiting for phenotypes that pertain directly to the selection candidate to be collected, a process that would take at least three growing seasons. If these phenotypes were collected in biparental populations that were closely related to the selection candidates, only a small number of markers (e.g., 200–500) and a small number of phenotypes (e.g., 1000) were needed to achieve effective accuracy of estimated breeding values. If these phenotypes were collected in biparental populations that were not closely related to the selection candidates, as many as 10,000 markers and 5000 to 20,000 phenotypes were needed. Increasing marker density beyond 10,000 markers did not show benefit and in some scenarios reduced the accuracy of prediction. This study provides a guide, enabling resource allocation to be optimized between genotyping and phenotyping investment dependent on the population under development.