bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the use of a vibratory jaw crusher with an inclined crushing chamber for processing of brittle materials
Authors: Franchuk V P , Fedoskina O V , Yu Svietkina O , Fedoskin V O , Yerisov M M
Published: November 2023

Obtaining a powder product from brittle materials is associated with significant difficulties: an insufficient number of production capacities as well as with their low efficiency. This indicates relevance and need for research aimed at creating new designs and technological schemes. Glass containers were selected for research from among all types of glass waste. Presented are a structural diagram and description of a horizontal pendulum impact tester, on which studies were carried out on destruction of a bottle by impact load. The impact tester gives an opportunity to determine impact energy, impact speed, acceleration, movement of the impactor. An analysis of the above figures shows that one blow is enough to destroy a bottle. Rational mode is when impact load is distributed along the length of the bottle. This mode can be implemented in a vibratory jaw crusher with an inclined crushing chamber, which includes the following main elements: a passive jaw located on shock absorbers, an active jaw pivotally mounted in the body and connected to it by means of elastic links, a two-shaft inertial vibration exciter. The presented granulometric characteristic of the crushed bottle shows a high efficiency of using a vibratory jaw crusher. The yield of the product sized less than 5.5 mm was 95%, and that sized less than 100 microns - 16%. The crusher has enough parameters to adjust particle size distribution over a wide range.
Implementation of sustainable development approaches by creating the mining cluster: the case of MPP “Inguletskiy”
Authors: Hryhoriev Y , Lutsenko S , Systierov O , Kuttybayev A , Kuttybayeva A
Published: November 2023

The article provides the basic foundations of the implementation of sustainable development approaches in the world society and their interpretation in mining activities. The study also analyzes the regulatory framework and organizational mechanisms for the implementation of these principles in the Ukrainian mining industry. An analysis of the current state of rational subsoil use and solid industrial waste management in Ukraine is given. The concept of a mining cluster and prospects for its formation in the region of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin are substantiated. An algorithm designed to optimize the schedule of mining operations in the mining cluster is described. The Ingulets iron ore deposit was analyzed from the standpoint of integrated development. The reserves of talc shale extracted from the open-pit and stored in a man-made deposit for further sale are separately allocated. The order of mining works for the development of man-made deposits is given.
Development of a method for clusterization of the dissipative structures
Authors: Zakharova L M , Merzlikin A V , Nazimko V V
Published: November 2023

The dissipative structure (DS) may follow irreversible processes, which occur in the open thermodynamic systems passing and transforming a sufficiently intensive flow of energy. DS can be detected as certain patterns of spontaneous organization in space and time. We consider the DS, which transposes during irreversible ground movement due to landslide or ground pressure manifestation. However, DSs may hide under stochastic noise that impedes their detection. We developed a new method for revealing of DSs in such a stochastic environment using a combination of k-mean clustering, Voronyi tessellation, and the optimal schedule of ground movement monitoring. The developed method has been successfully tested in the case of the irreversible ground movement in the vicinity of a longwall face.
Influence of the natural content of mineral impurities and moisture on the manifestation of hazardous properties of coal seams
Authors: Rudniev Ye S , Yu Tarasov V , Brozhko R M , Krapivnyi D I
Published: November 2023

It is not possible to determine the type of coal in terms of reducibility from thermal decomposition without access to air for volatile maters to dry ash-free mass, which provides establishing the ratio between oxygen content and other essential components of organic mass. The hazards of coal mine operations depend to a large extent on the ratio of the main components, both in organic matter and in mineral impurities. Methods for determining the yield of volatile maters make it impossible to assess the effect of the main components of organic matter and mineral impurities on the hazard characteristics of coal seams. The volatile maters index reflects only the sum of the thermal decomposition gases: hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide without considering the ratio between them. The determination of the hazard properties of a seam in relation to metamorphic transformations factor should include a case-by-case examination of the relationship between the major components of fuel both the organic and mineral, including the moisture content, for each coal seams.
Geometrization of Kryvbas iron ore deposits
Authors: Peremetchyk A , Pysmennyi S , Chukharev S , Shvaher N , Fedorenko S , Moraru R
Published: November 2023

Mining and geometrical prediction of iron ore deposit quality indices to solve problems of long-term and current planning intended to provide the most efficient performance of mining enterprises in terms of ore blending quality and increase rationalization of deposit development is an important aspect of geometrization. Investigations carried out to develop a mining-geometrical method for predicting indices of iron ore deposit quality are topical nowadays. The present study aims to enhance the methodology for geometrization of iron ore deposit quality indices for developing a mining-geometrical method of their prediction to provide rational mining. The research methodology consists in mining and geometrical modeling of quality indices and properties of the deposit, thus enabling determination of a certain relationship between components of a mineral, and, thereby, identification of the nature of these components’ location in the mineral. The latter is essential in design, construction and operation of a mineral deposit. The obtained results allow predicting quality indices of the deposit, assessing mineral reserves and consequently planning and optimizing performance of mining enterprises. The developed methods enable increased efficiency of mining iron ore deposits of Kryvbas.
Recognition of mineralogical and technological varieties of iron ore on the basis of ultrasound backscatter spectrograms
Authors: Morkun V , Morkun N , Tron V , Serdiuk O , Bobrov Y , Haponenko A
Published: November 2023

The research is aimed to the analysis and modeling of the process of propagation of ultrasonic waves in iron ore samples to assess its mineralogical varieties. The paper analyzes domestic and foreign experience in modeling of ultrasonic waves propagation; methods of mathematical and computer modeling were used, as well as methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory for analysis of the results. Scientific novelty consists in developing and substantiating a method for recognizing the mineralogical and technological varieties of iron ore of a developed deposit based on spectrograms of a backscattered ultrasonic probing signal. Practical valueconsists in developing a methodology for non-contact non-destructive mineralogical analysis of iron ore to improve the efficiency and quality of its further processing and preparation for metallurgical processing. results. As measurable characteristic estimates of textural and structural features of iron ore varieties the results of spectral analysis of the reversed radiant ultrasonic signal were used. To implement the measurement results classification procedure, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System is used. At the vector of parameters of membership functions of terms of input variables and the vector of coefficients of linear functions in the conclusions of the rules was formed based on the characteristics of the processed ore and the spectrograms of the backscattered ultrasonic signal. The average accuracy of recognition of magnetite, chlorite-carbonate-magnetite, hematite-magnetite, magnetite-cummngtonite-chlorite-siderite mineral varieties of iron ore of the studied deposit was 93%.
Biotechnical approach for a continuous simultaneous increase of indoor and outdoor air quality
Authors: Tkachenko T , Mileikovskyi V , Konovaliuk V , Kravchenko M , Satin I
Published: November 2023

Phytofiltration is the most sustainable way to achieve a better quality of inlet air in buildings in a polluted environment. But they don’t take into account the biorhythms of plants and pollute the inlet air with CO2during breathing only time. We collected and analysed data about the biorhythms of plants. As a result, a new bi-directional phytofilter was offered for cleaning and oxygenation of the inlet ventilation air, and also to protect the environment by cleaning the exhaust air from different pollutants. The device has spaces with shifted illumination rhythms and a valve system. A controller directs the inlet air to the space(s), where plants release CO2. The outlet air runs through other spaces. Literature data show that in the less favourable case, the CO2and oxygen emissions are balanced per day without overall CO2gain to the environment. When plants are growing, they sequestrate CO2to catch greenhouse gas emissions. Either natural light, artificial light, or a combination of the two can be used. While the second option simply demands one plant metabolism type, the first option needs a combination of CAM metabolism and other plants
Assessment of the hydrogeological and ameliorative state of the Kilchen irrigation system territory
Authors: Onopriienko D M , Makarova T K , Hapich H V
Published: November 2023

Climatic changes, physical and moral deterioration of the main funds of land reclamation systems in Ukraine prompt a change in conceptual approaches and reform of the water management system for efficient use of irrigated lands. One of the components of the agricultural hydrotechnical reclamation development is the provision of an appropriate level of ecological and reclamation status of irrigated lands and territories adjacent to irrigation systems (first of all, an open network of canals). The purpose of these studies is to assess the modern technical and hydrogeological-ameliorative state of the Kilchen irrigation system (total area of 35.3 thousand hectares) for a long period of operation of more than 50 years. The main research methods were field diagnostic surveys of the technical conditions of the main structures and elements of the irrigation system (open channels in the earthen channel). The trends of changes in climatic conditions of the territory over the last decade are analyzed. Analytical processing of the stock materials data and field observations of changes in the groundwater level, its chemical composition and mineralization in 24 observation wells along the main channel was carried out. The main chemical composition of groundwater in the research area is characterized as sulfate and sodium-calcium with total mineralization in individual areas from 0.6-0.9 to 1.7-3.5 g/l. According to the known methods of R.O. Bayer and V.A. Kovda calculations of the predicted change in the level and critical depth of groundwater have been performed. The established terms of change vary between 9-11 years, provided that irrigation is intensified and the irrigation system is fully operational. Based on the forecasting results, groundwater mineralization is expected to decrease from 3.5 g/l to 2.27 g/l between 2021 and 2029. It was determined that the level of groundwater above the calculated critical levels in different years occupies from 30.7 to 51.0% of the territory in the area of operation of the Kilchen irrigation system. The reclamation state of part of the irrigated lands in 2021 with a total area of more than 13.000 ha was distributed according to the following criteria: 12.000 ha – favorable, 1.200 ha – satisfactory, about 50 ha – unsatisfactory due to the manifestation of soil salinization processes. As of 2021, of the soils on an area of about 10.000 hectares that were studied, almost 8.500 hectares of soils are non-saline, more than 1.200 hectares are slightly saline, and about 50 hectares are moderately saline. For comparison, in 2003, all soils on the same area were non-saline, which indicates the deterioration of the ecological and melioratic state of the territory and the decrease in the quality of irrigation water.
Extraction of sulfur (IV) oxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon oxide from flue gases using a sorbent under conditions of its mechanical activation
Authors: Kudriavcev S O , Zubtsov Ye I
Published: November 2023

The paper substantiates the feasibility of creating an adsorption technology with controlled activation of the adsorbent for the removal of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon from the flue gases of coal-fired power plants. In laboratory conditions, the effect of mechanical activation on the adsorption capacity of ash was studied. It is shown that the controlled mechanical activation is able to increase the adsorption capacity of ash relative to sulfur dioxide by 2.7 times, to nitrogen oxides by 2.1 times, to carbon monoxide by 5 times or more.
Indicators improvement of territories spatial development
Authors: Sadovyy I I , Stupen N M , Zholamanov K K , Kulbaka O M , Grek M O
Published: November 2023

Land use planning of territorial communities is an important component of creating rational sustainable land use. The key task of planning is to find a balance between the economic and ecological components of land use. The most effective agricultural land on the territory of communities is arable land. Advanced modern software and the remote zoning data amount of land make it possible to conduct a complete analysis of land resources condition. To evaluate project decisions, plan indicators and determine land use trends, it is necessary to use integrated indicators that comprehensively describe spatial characteristics. On the basis of complex numbers, it is offered to use an indicator that consists of the territory assessment arableness and the area of land massifs to the perimeter ratio. For the assessment, a “reference” project is used, which was created taking into account the developed recommendations. The integration of the indicator makes it possible to indirectly evaluate the ecological and economic component of agricultural activity. The use of complex numbers makes it possible to expand the use of analysis tools and the capabilities of computing technology.
Social and environmental features in domestic and international minerals resources classification systems
Authors: Kurylo M , Tkachenko Y , Paiuk S
Published: November 2023

This paper is aimed at a comparison of Ukrainian and international resource classification systems’ fundamental features. As a result, the most common and different features were outlined. The importance of accounting for the social and environmental viability of projects is determined. This study highlights the significance of the harmonization of domestic classification with international standards.
Assessment of environmental risk of water bodies in the conditions of mineral deposits development
Authors: Sherstiuk N P
Published: November 2023

A brief analysis of the mining industry impact on the environment is provided. It is proposed to assess the ecological situation of water bodies on the territory of Iron Ore Dressing Works (GOK) according to the magnitude of ecological risk (e.g. Iron Ore Dressing Works (Northern GOK)). Calculations of ecological risk values based on the content of microcomponents in the water were carried out for man-made (tailings storage) and natural water bodies (the Saksahan river, a pond in the Nedayvoda stream). It was concluded that over time (from 2014 to 2020) the ecological risk of most water bodies is increasing from 0.17 in the Saksahan river to -2.53 in tailings storage. The complex ecological situation on the territory of the Northern GOK proves the need to implement more effective environmental protection measures in order to achieve the criteria of sustainable development.
Innovative technologies for organizing a balanced development of the business ecosystem (in the example of agriculture in Ukraine)
Authors: Skorobogatova N Ye
Published: November 2023

An increase in the population and an increase in the negative impact on the environment requires a review of the business organization model. Particular attention is paid to agriculture, which faces the task of solving the food problem on a global scale. At the same time, this industry is one of the leading polluters of the environment. The analysis of statistical data proves the low level of value added that is created in agriculture. The proposed agribusiness ecosystem model allows for a balanced development of agriculture and related industries based on four areas: economic, social, environmental, and innovative. Innovative solutions for all participants in the business ecosystem are based on the transition to a circular economy model using Industry 4.0 tools at all levels of system management: raw material suppliers, agricultural manufacturers, processors, customers, and government.
Air quality impacts of war detected from the Sentinel-5P satellite over Ukraine
Authors: Davybida L I
Published: November 2023

The general aim of this research is to analyze spatial-temporal changes of air quality, which are the consequences of the military invasion of the Russian on the territory of Ukraine based on open remote sensing data, geoinformation and cloud technologies. The density of NO2, SO2, CO and HCHO as well as the density of O3 and the absorbing aerosol index (AAI) extracted from the Sentinel-5P satellite using Google Earth Engine (GEE) showed reduced emission of primary air pollutants and a high level of atmospheric restoration compared to 2021, the year before the war. At the same time values of the AAI increased significantly, indicating the presence of smoke and dust in the air. Obtained results showed one more aspect of the drastic effect of the war on the economic and social processes and environmental conditions. The consequences of this ecological effect can have a long-term negative impact on the health of populations.
On the coherence of the formation of containing and ore containing Precambrian formations Orikhovo-Pavlograd suture zone of the Ukrainian shield
Authors: Osmachko L S , Verkhovtsev V G , Buglak O V , Farrakhov O V
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the results of detailed geological and structural surveys within the Orikhovo-Pavlograd suture zone of the Ukrainian shield. In the northern part of the Orikhovo-Pavlograd suture zone of the Ukrainian shield, dislocation structures of several generations are identified, which differ from each other in spatial placement and R-T values of material filling. The structures of the first five generations are formed by mineral parageneses from granulite to green shale facies of metamorphism; their age is connected to the time range of 3.6–1.8 billion years. Later dislocation structures are postmetamorphic. At the micro-meso levels of the organization, the selected structures are represented by striation, shale, linearity, cleft, cracks, etc.; at the macro level, they are represented by viscous and brittle faults. Systematized data on the structural and material organization of U-, Th-containing Pivnichno Tersyansk folded shape according to the principle of hierarchy of geological structures. It is shown that this U-, Th-perspective object is a highly ordered propulsion structure. That is, its formation was provoked by Paleoproterozoic displacements and occurred synchronously with the formation of containing geological bodies by turning up existing Precambrian formations with the creation of new structural and material parageneses. An idealized model of forming a single U-, Th-perspective structure is created, this will contribute to the search for uranium-thorium mineralization and the expansion of the mineral resource base of nuclear energy in Ukraine.
Modified assessment methodology ESG competitiveness of enterprises to a new generation of investors
Authors: Tkachenko A , Levchenko N , Pozhuieva T , Sevastyanov R , Levchenko S
Published: November 2023

The article substantiates the expediency of modifying the methodology for assessing business competitiveness in the context of accelerated global ESG integration. The authors propose a system of criteria for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises, taking into account the requirements of the EU Taxonomy, Regulation (EU) 2020/852, the CSRD, and stakeholder requests for information support for assessing ESG risks and ESG competitiveness of enterprises. This system of criteria is based on a cognitive approach. Thanks to the use of modeling and information tools, it is based on a lateral understanding of the clarity of the distinction between the criteria and sub-criteria for assessing the ESG competitiveness indicator and its components. The introduction of a system of criteria for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises will ensure obtaining realistic results and making informed decisions to strengthen the competitive advantages of enterprises for a new generation of “conscious investors”. The author’s own methodology for integral assessment of ESG competitiveness of metallurgical enterprises is proposed. This methodology is based on the synthesis of integral and reference approaches to assessing the homeostasis of competitiveness. It is adapted to the information support of the Management Report prepared in accordance with the GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) and SASB (Sustainability Accounting Standards Board) standards. Its peculiarity is the assessment based on the extended homeostatic plateau of the dynamic system for determining the thresholds of the optimality of the ESG competitiveness indicator of enterprises. This should become the basis for ESG rating and the fundamental basis for determining strategic imperatives for managing the competitiveness of enterprises in the context of global ESG integration.
Land resource management system in the sustainable development context: scientific and practical approaches
Authors: Koshkalda I , Dombrovska O , Stoiko N , Riasnianska A
Published: November 2023

One of the main domestic and foreign policy principles of Ukraine is the preservation of the environment and its components, which is vital for the human existence, his current and future generations. It was found that the amount of land resources available at our disposal is limited, therefore it requires sustainable management. This calls for recognition of raising awareness importance of the rate at which humans are depleting and destroying land resources. This formed a new paradigm about the role and importance of land management and land use. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the spread of soil degradation and pollution, and to identify priority environmental measures in the land management system, specifically offers for land conservation, reduced land areas with the use of pesticides and agrochemicals, which would improve the state of agro and ecosystems, would create conditions for the restoration of biodiversity in the agro sphere, would contribute to the prevention of soil degradation and contamination by chemical substances. Implementation of the provided measures is aimed at improving the quality of the natural environment and human living conditions. The indicators dependence of agricultural land use and production intensification factors was revealed through economic and mathematical modeling.
The predictive and search system of amber (PSSA) and sustainable development of mining areas
Authors: Komliev O , Remezova O , Beidyk O , Spytsyia R , Komlieva M
Published: November 2023

A new (“amber”) branch of the economy is currently developing in Ukraine, which includes the search for, mining and processing of amber. Ukrainian amber is noted for its high quality and is one of the most competitive types of domestic coloured stones on world markets. A significant part of the territory of Ukraine is promising for the discovery of placer deposits of amber, but their industrial development is currently carried out only within the boundaries of “the Pripyat amber-bearing basin” (PAB), which covers the regions of Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr, and Kyiv regions. The development of the “amber” industry of Ukraine caused problems of a production, organizational, socio-economic and environmental nature. They significantly influence the socio-economic development of amber mining areas. These are: 1) lack of a national program for the development of the “amber” industry; 2) its insufficient level compared to the real potential; 3) uncontrolled mining of amber; 4) negative impact on the ecology of the natural environment; 5) socio-economic consequences for the population of amber mining areas. “The predictive and search system for amber” (PSSA) allows solving these problems in a complex manner. The PSSA of Ukraine allows systematic research of “the amber-bearing formation” (AF) developed on its territory. PSSA uses scientific ideas about the origin of amber and the main natural factors of its formation, develops methods and a specific research algorithm. The main goal of PSSA is to identify “amber-bearing objects” (AO) in the geological body of the AF, which may contain high concentrations of amber, the so-called “traps”.
Optimized fuel values for emission reduction
Authors: Walter A , Kubica S , Rocco V
Published: November 2023

Aviation is an integral and vital part of modern society. The growth over the last decades has consequences for greenhouse gas emissions and reducing this through efficiency within the same framework is difficult. Precision flight planning is crucial for reliably and optimized real environment aircraft operation. The presented study gives an overview of the status of the legal requirements for flight planning under the current fuel requirements of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the emerging opportunities for fuel savings. As part of the larger study, planned and actual fuel figures of an international cargo airline were statistically analyzed. The overall analysis showed that there was no significant deviation between planned and consumed fuel. Based on the results, an adjustment of the planned alternative fuel quantity can be considered within the framework of an individual fuel plan. The possible savings potential using the example of Destination Alternate Airport fuel is presented.
Research into the transverse loading of the container with sandwich-panel walls when transported by rail
Authors: Vatulia G L , Lovska A O , Krasnokutskyi Ye S
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of the research into the transverse loading of the container during rail transportation. The peculiarity of the container is its walls made of sandwich panels. Such a solution will help to reduce the dynamic loading on the container in operation and, accordingly, improve its strength. Appropriate calculations have been carried out in order to determine the optimum (minimum) sheet thickness, provided that the permissible deflection in operation is ensured. The transverse loading on the container placed on a flat wagon at the side rolling has been investigated. It is found that the acceleration value obtained is almost 5% lower than that acting on the container of a typical design. The strength of the container with sandwich-panel walls is calculated using the finite element method. The results of the calculation show that the maximum stresses are 6% lower than those occurring in the container of a typical design. The research may be of values for those who develop recommendations for designing advanced modular vehicles and improving the efficiency of transportation.
Energy potential of mining transport at mines of Kyrgyzstan located at high altitude
Authors: Shakenov A , Abdiev A , Stolpovskikh I
Published: November 2023

Review and Justify use of new alternative way of gold ore transportation on high altitude mining operations in Kyrgyzstan in prime purpose of the study. Glaciers of Kyrgyzstan are main source of fresh water supply in Central Asia. Local ecosystem preservation is important part of metal mining in Kyrgyzstan and specific needs of nomads should be taken in the account. Novelty of study is preliminary assessment of mine in Kyrgyzstan for potential gravity energy by loading and dumping point’s GPS coordinates are taken on site and review of appropriate technologies for ore transportation in order to reduce carbon emissions. Aerial ropeway specific energy consumption formula and recuperating ropeway system from previous studies are reviewed and used in study. Improvement of existing mine operations by improving transportation practices should be further studied. The design and maintenance of haul roads may allow to reduce diesel fuel consumption by 10% and more. Preliminary potential energy for recuperation by aerial ropeway application in Jerooy and Jamgyr gold mines of Kyrgyzstan are identified. Energy recuperating aerial ropeway system with fuel cells can be strategically long-term preferred solution for mines in Kyrgyzstan located in high altitude.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of adaptation of the mucosa of the gastric cardia to portal hypertension
Authors: Bondarenko O V , Boiarchuk O D
Published: November 2023

The model of before- and intrahepatic blockage of the portal system was proposed. Modeling of before-hepatic blockage of the portal system after development of toxic liver dystrophy lead to formation of the liver cirrhosis with stable portal hypertension. Gastritis with signs of hyperplastic and atrophy processes of the mucosa, formation of erosia, inflammatory infiltration of intermediate tissue and rebuilding of the glandulae were the basis of morphological changes of gastric mucosa in rats with experimental before- and intrahepatic portal blockage. Transformation of the cardiac mucosa with expressed polymorphism occured in the patients with the portal liver cirrhosis. Dystrophic and necrobiotic changes typical of hepatic gastropathy with signs of acute or chronic gastritis, formation of inflammatory infiltrates and rebuilding of the cardial mucosa into intestinal type were established microscopically. It is possible to believe that a widening of the veins leads to venous hyperemia and stasis in the portal hypertension. Therefore the morphology of the gastric mucosa was disturbed. It was accompanied bythe indurate changes and cellular destruction with erosia formation. These erosia may be a cause of rupture of the gastric mucosa in strong vomiting in Mallory-Weiss syndrome. This hypothesis needs clinic and experimental study in the future.
A compact high gain filtering patch antenna for multiband wireless system
Authors: Ashvanth Balu
Published: November 2023

A novel compact multilayer patch antenna is designed for triple-band operation with filtering characteristics. The multiband antenna with filtering characteristics is necessary to suppress adjacent band interference. Further, it brings higher out-of-band suppression without deteriorating the in-band gain. This filtering antenna offers size compactness, high gain, and high selectivity with reduced interference. On exciting the antenna, the electromagnetic (EM) coupling takes place from feed to patch through the slotted ground. Then the magnetic field reaches its maximum at the middle of the rectangle patch while the electric field reaches its maximum at the edges. These fields couple with the ‘U’ shaped metallic loops and bring field distribution in it and thus contribute to dual-band resonance at 2.45GHz and 4.15GHz. For better impedance matching, the two ‘U’ shaped metallic loops are employed. The additional middle band at 3.25GHz is attained through the employment of a split rectangular ring around the center patch. The bottom ground is etched with a bent horizontal slot to achieve proper positioning of the lower resonance. The modified CRLH feeding structure is adopted in this antenna to realize radiation null between operating bands. The dimension of the CRLH branches decides the positioning of radiation nulls in the spectrum of interest. This null reduces the interband interference and it is an important feature for any multiband communication system. The usage of via between patch and feed increases the electrical length of an antenna and thus provides size miniaturization. Whereas the position of the via in the patch decides the impedance matching. thus multiple iterations of simulation were done to optimize the via position for better impedance matching. The designed antenna has a compact dimension of 0.21λo × 0.21λo. The realized triple bands have −10dB impedance bandwidth of 180MHz (2.31 to 2.49GHz), 350MHz (3.1 to 3.45GHz), and 850MHz (3.6 to 4.45GHz) with a maximum gain of 5.2dB. Thus the multi-layer antenna not only has proven to be multiband but also incorporated filtering characteristics to lessen interband interferences. The proposed antenna would be beneficial in a multiband wireless system that supports services such as Wifi, WiMAX, and 5G. The antenna is the perfect candidate for the unmanned ariel vehicle (UAV) to be used in emergency and military applications.
Density convergence of a fully discrete finite difference method for stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation
Authors: Hong Jialin , Jin Diancong , Sheng Derui
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on investigating the density convergence of a fully discrete finite difference method when applied to numerically solve the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation driven by multiplicative space-time white noises. The main difficulty lies in the control of the drift coefficient that is neither globally Lipschitz nor one-sided Lipschitz. To handle this difficulty, we propose a novel localization argument and derive the strong convergence rate of the numerical solution to estimate the total variation distance between the exact and numerical solutions. This along with the existence of the density of the numerical solution finally yields the convergence of density in

L
1

(

R

)

L^1(\mathbb {R})

of the numerical solution. Our results partially answer positively to the open problem posed by J. Cui and J. Hong [J. Differential Equations 269 (2020), pp. 10143–10180] on computing the density of the exact solution numerically.
Laguerre inequalities and complete monotonicity for the Riemann Xi-function and the partition function
Authors: Wang Larry , Yang Neil
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we find some conditions under which a sequence

{
α
(
n
)
}

\{\alpha (n)\}

will satisfy the Laguerre inequality of any order asymptotically. Using this method, we prove that for any

r
r

and some constant

c
c

, the Maclaurin coefficients

γ
(
n
)

\gamma (n)

of the Riemann Xi-function satisfy the Laguerre inequality of order

r
r

when

n
>
c

r
3

n>cr^3

, which provides a necessary condition for the Riemann hypothesis. We also prove that the partition function satisfies the Laguerre inequality of order

r
≥
5

r\geq 5

when

n
≥
6

r
4

n\geq 6r^4

. As a consequence, it gives an affirmative answer to Wagner’s conjecture on the threshold for the Laguerre inequalities of order no more than

10
10

for the partition function. Moreover, motivated by the study of Craven and Csordas on the complete monotonicity of the Maclaurin coefficients of entire functions in Laguerre-Pólya class, we consider the complete monotonicity of the sequences

{
α
(
n
)
}

\{\alpha (n)\}

. We give the criteria for the asymptotically complete monotonicity of the sequence

{
α
(
n
)
}

\{\alpha (n)\}

and

{
log
⁡
α
(
n
)
}

\{\log \alpha (n)\}

, respectively. With this criteria, we show that

(
−
1

)
r

Δ
r

γ
(
n
)
>
0

(-1)^r \Delta ^r \gamma (n)>0

for

n
>
c

e

r
3

n>ce^{r^3}

and

(
−
1

)

r
−
1

Δ
r

log
⁡
γ
(
n
)
>
0

(-1)^{r-1} \Delta ^r \log \gamma (n)>0

for

n
>
c

r
2

n>cr^2

. Furthermore, we propose some open problems.
Making Good?: A Study of How Senior Penal Policy Makers Narrate Policy Reversal
Authors: Annison Harry , Burke Lol , Carr Nicola , Millings Matthew , Robinson Gwen , Surridge Eleanor
Published: November 2023

This paper provides insights into the predominant styles of political reasoning in England and Wales that inform penal policy reform. It does so in relation to a particular development that constitutes a dramatic, perhaps even unique, wholesale reversal of a previously introduced market-based criminal justice delivery model. This is the ‘unification’ of probation services in England and Wales, which unwound the consequential privatization reforms introduced less than a decade earlier. This paper draws on in-depth interviews with senior policy makers to present a narrative reconstruction of the unification of probation services in England and Wales. Analogies with desistance literature are drawn upon in order to encapsulate the tensions posed for policy makers as they sought to enact this penal policy reform.
CO2 fractional laser-assisted transdermal delivery of silk nanofiber carriers in a rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model
Authors: Yang Yan , Liu Lutong , Wu Xiaojin , Wang Xue , Lu Qiang , Zhang Zhen
Published: November 2023

Background

Hypertrophic scars are skin fibrotic diseases, characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. However, topical drug application for hypertrophic scars are unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to explore the permeability of silk nanofiber hydrogels (SNFs) loaded with rhodamine 6G (R6G) and rhodamine 110 (R110) mediated by CO2 fractional laser irradiation into hypertrophic scar tissues.

Methods

In this work, R6G and R110 were chosen as hydrophilic and hydrophobic model molecules. They were loaded inside SNFs. In vivo rabbit ear hypertrophic scars were treated with CO2 fractional laser irradiation and then R6G/R110-laden SNFs were applied to the scars to evaluate their synergetic effect on drug penetration efficiency. Their permeability was quantified by fluorescence intensity and measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. More specifically, the thermal coagulation zone (CZ) and its surrounding area (peri-CZ) caused by the thermal coagulation of the laser were discussed separately.

Results

Our data indicated that the SNFs promoted the penetration of R6G but not that of R110 in the peri-CZ on day 1 when combined with laser irradiation. Interestingly, both R6G and R110 were abundant in the CZ and remained stable on days 1, 3 and 5. Moreover, rapid re-epithelialization hindered the long-term permeability of both drugs.

Conclusion

Combining CO2 fractional laser irradiation with SNF drug delivery could improve the efficiency of hydrophilic drug delivery within 24 h before total re-epithelialization.
Illegal, Unless: Freezing the Assets of Russia’s Central Bank
Authors: van der Horst Ron
Published: November 2023

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 22 February 2022, the European Union (EU) and states such as Canada, Japan, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America froze assets of the Russian central bank held in their jurisdictions. The sanctions fit in a longer pattern of states freezing assets of foreign central banks, which has been criticized by several states to be incompatible with the law of state immunity. The criticism on these types of sanctions raises the question whether freezing assets of Russia’s central bank complies with the law of state immunity. This article answers this question by investigating whether the law of state immunity is confined to the jurisdiction of courts or if it also applies in the context of executive action. Considering that the law of state immunity also applies to executive action, these sanctioning states (and the EU) violated Russia’s state immunity by freezing assets of Russia’s central bank. These sanctions, however, could be justified as (third party) countermeasures in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Global Holomorphic Intersection Formula and Local Euler Obstructions for Mixed Resultants
Authors: Liao Xia
Published: November 2023

In this short paper we are going to accomplish multiple goals. We will prove a global version of the holomorphic intersection formula due to Dubson, Lê, Ginsburg, Sabbah and Schürmann, derive the local Euler obstruction formula for discriminants as a special case of the holomorphic intersection formula, and finally give a local Euler obstruction formula for mixed resultants.
Tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence
Authors: Jaffe Jerome H
Published: November 2023

Over the past 20 years there has been a major reassessment of the way that the medical and behavioural sciences view the habitual use of tobacco. For more than 400 years there was little question that the use of tobacco could be a habit that is exceedingly persistent and resistant to change, but until recently there was strong reluctance to consider the tobacco habit a form of drug dependence, analogous in most respects to the chronic use of morphine, cocaine, or alcohol. The situation has changed. Prestigious national and international organizations now recognize heavy tobacco use to be a form of dependence (or addiction), a dependence that is the major factor keeping hundreds of millions of people smoking a substance that causes disease and death (Royal College of Physicians 1977; Surgeon General 1979, 1985, 1986; APA 1980, 1987; WHO 1985).
Nicotine intake and its control over smoking
Authors: Russell M A H
Published: November 2023

Since its use began, it has been known that tobacco tends to gain a hold on those who use it. Cigarette smoking, in particular, is highly addictive. Most smokers say they would like to give up, but when they try they usually fail. Yet there has been a resistance to ‘official’ recognition of compulsive tobacco use as an addiction or dependence disorder (Jaffe, chapter 1, this volume). This may have reflected doubts about the role of nicotine as the underlying cause of the addiction. Until recently such doubts were justifiable. The evidence was largely circumstantial and there were important gaps. Although pharmacologists had long ago identified a host of nicotine effects that are potentially rewarding (Murphree and Weyer 1967), intravenous self-administration studies in animals had failed to provide reliable evidence that nicotine could act as a primary reinforcer. In a study in humans, intravenous bolus doses of nicotine failed to affect ongoing smoking behaviour (Kumar et al. 1977), leading the authors to conclude that ‘tobacco smoking is generally regarded as a form of nicotine dependence, but the evidence for this is slender.’ Examples of addictive behaviours without a pharmacological basis, such as compulsive gambling, nail-biting, and the desire for sweet tastes or high-fat foods, fortified doubts about the pharmacological role of nicotine. In a review of the evidence in 1979 it had to be conceded that the case was not proven (Russell 1979).
Designing schools of public health for the United States
Authors: Fee Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

In the late nineteenth century, public health in the United States was institutionalized in city and state health departments, but there were few formal requirements for public health positions, no established career structures, and little job security for health officials. Most public health positions were part-time appointments at nominal salary; many who devoted effort to public health did so on a largely voluntary basis. As Arthur Viseltear has explained, some of the better medical, engineering, and technical schools offered courses in public health, Preventive medicine, and sanitary engineering but there was no standardized system of training and little agreement about the forms of knowledge necessary for public health practice. Most public health officers in the north and east had medical degrees, but some were engineers and others were lawyers, chemists, or biologists.
Preparation for public health practice: into the twenty-first century
Authors: Jefferys Margot , Lashof Joyce
Published: November 2023

Earlier chapters have traced the way in which, in two industrialized nations in the last 150 years, ‘the health of the public’, as opposed to the curative treatment of individuals, came to be seen both as requiring public administrative action and as a subject meriting academic enquiry. They showed how the identification of specific practices, intended to improve the public’s health, led to the creation of occupational roles, which, in the course of time, became formalized. In turn, institutions were designed to prepare recruits for the new tasks and roles as they developed.
Animal models of human sexual behaviour
Authors: Barfield Ronald J
Published: November 2023

Human sexual behaviour is properly studied in humans; however, animal models provide insights and information not easily obtained from studies on people. Basic research with animal model Systems can lead to the discovery of basic principles and mechanisms. For example, the use of the neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine HCL (MPTP), in rodents and primates has proved a useful model System for elucidating possible pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease (Langston et al. 1984). The discovery of such principles and mechanisms can lead to rational thérapies for disorders traced to common mechanisms in humans. Basic research on healthy humans is at best difficult if at ail possible.
Music And Emotion
Authors: Juslin Patrik N , Sloboda John A
Published: November 2023

The position of emotion in music has been a subject of considerable interest and debate. However emotional aspects of music have received surprising little attention in the 45 years since the publication of Leonard Meyer's classic work 'Emotion and meaning in music.' During that time, both 'music psychology' and 'emotion' have developed as lively areas of research, and the time is fitting therefore to try and bring together this multidisciplinary interest and take stock of what we now know about this important relationship. A new volume in the Series in Affective Science, Music and Emotion; Theory and Research brings together leading researchers interested in both these topics to present the first integrative review of this subject. The first section reflects the various interdisciplinary perspectives, taking on board views from philosophy, psychology, musicology, biology, anthropology, and sociology. The second section addresses the role of our emotions in the composition of music, the ways that emotions can be communicated via musical structures, the use of music to express emotions within the cinema. The third section looks at the emotions of the performer - how do they communicate emotion, how does their emotional state affect their own performance. The final section looks at the ways in which our emotions are guided and influenced while listening to music, whether actively or passively. Music and Emotion is a timely book, one that will interest psychologists, musicologists, music educators, and philosophers.
Musicological Approaches To Emotion
Authors: Cook Nicholas , Dibben Nicola
Published: November 2023

Writing about music may well go back as far as writing itself, but to speak of ‘musicology’ before about 1800 is to court anachronism. In the centuries before then, there were in the West two broadly distinct traditions of writing about music: on the one hand more or less practical manuals addressed in general to (and generally by) composers and performers, and on the other hand more or less speculative writings that, to modern eyes, can at times resemble cosmology with a musical vocabulary. The emergence of ‘musicology’ (a term not used in English until the twentieth century, but borrowed from the earlier French term musicologie) can, then, be traced to two circumstances: first, the new relationship between compositional theory and practice that resulted from a general growth in historical awareness and the establishment of a canon of ‘masterworks’; and second, the increasing systematization of what in the course of the nineteenth century became known (especially in Germany) as the human sciences.