bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological and geological soil assessment of the Loshamye Lake catchment area (national park “Smolensk Lakeland”)
Authors: Podlipskiy I I , Zelenkovskiy P S , Dubrova S V , Hohryakov V R
Published: November 2020

The authors conducted the ecological and geochemical study of Lake Loshamye and adjacent territories (national park “Smolensk Lakeland”) to identify the distribution patterns of heavy metals and their associations (Hg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Sr, etc.) in soils of the lake’s catchment area. In 2008, the annual monitoring by the national park revealed abnormally high concentrations of mercury in the water of Lake Loshamye (20 MPC). In subsequent years, the mercury concentration decreased to the minimum natural level. A set of studies in the catchment area and in the lake itself established a probable technogenic source and determined the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the impact. Scientists studied the soil of the catchment area of the lake to verify the version of the pollutant intake from outside. The article presents the results of the study, a set of mathematical methods of information processing. Authors conducted a correlation, factor and cluster analysis to identify patterns of distribution of heavy metals in soils. Peculiarities of the distribution of most elements in the soil today indicate the presence of a low technogenic impact on the soils of the Lake Loshamye basin regarding the formation of low-contrast anomalies Cu, As, Mn, Pb and Cr, Hg. Patterns of the distribution of heavy metals including mercury in soils and their concentration have natural character. The gross mercury content in soils is significantly lower than the MPC (2100 μg/kg), the median of the sample is 42 μg/kg, which practically corresponds to the world Clark of mercury in soils (40 μg/kg). The research results show that the soils of the lake’s catchment area do not bear traces of anthropogenic impact. This suggests that there are no sources of contamination with mercury and other heavy metals in the study area, and this area is not a transit hub for the movement of the pollutant from the outside, and in 2008 there was probably salvo-type pollution directly into the lake’s water.
Forecasting the use of non-stationary waterflooding in the conditions of oil deposits in Western Siberia
Authors: Batalov D A , Soloviev N N , Mukhametshin V Sh , Andreev V E , Dubinskiy G S , Safiullina A R
Published: November 2020

The researchers have developed simplified models of the studied formations in the Langepasneftegaz TPP to forecast the effectiveness of using non-stationary waterflooding with flow control and flow diverting technologies. To increase oil recovery and intensify the influx of oil from the reservoirs, they recommended the integration of technologies. The article shows that complex technologies for impacting oil and gas deposits using non-stationary waterflooding aimed at increasing the oil recovery coefficient and limiting the movement of water in the reservoir while stimulating the bottom-hole zones of the reservoir will significantly increase the efficiency of field development.
The paleoreconstruction of sedimentation conditions at Beshpagirskoe deposit of the Stavropol Krai based on the results of pebble morphology investigation
Authors: Sherstyukov M P , Kerimov A-G G , Saltanova A G , Sokolenko E V , Kerimova E G
Published: November 2020

The morphology of pebbles provides important information for lithological-facial and paleogeographic constructions. The shape of the pebbles carries quite a variety of information about the geological processes of the distant past. Today, there is a large number of foreign and domestic studies devoted to the material and granulometric composition of psephites, while much less attention is paid to the morphological characteristics. Although very often it is the shape of the pebbles that can unambiguously resolve the issues of determining their genesis. Debris shape analysis includes the degree of contour rounding or roundness and the ratio of the three axial dimensions of the pebble: length, width and thickness. Based on the ratio of linear dimensions, judgments were made about the genesis of deposits, the direction of flow, the possibility of redeposition. The most popular are two factors: the shape factor of the fragment and the isometric factor. Conclusions: the end result of the genesis of the pebble material of the Beshpagirskiy quarry is the river alluvium of the ancient river network, subsequently rounded and polished in the coastal delta zone of the Sarmatian Sea. The flat-topped uplift of the Stavropol arch in the middle–upper Sarmatian can be considered the source of the supply of coarse-grained material. The research is of great interest for the search for mineral deposits.
The effects of climate change on the development of phytoplankton in the Uchinsk Reservoir of the Moscow Canal
Authors: Suslov S V , Gruzdev V S , Khrustaleva M A , Boitsenyuc L I
Published: November 2020

In the climate of European Russia, there are significant changes: before the year 2010, the tendency of warm period temperature to drop with a simultaneous increase in precipitation was dominated but nowadays it is dominated a reverse trend to increase average and maximum temperatures, decrease in precipitation, and increase in the number of sunny days. This creates the most favourable conditions for the development of phytoplankton and zooplankton consuming it. Our research exemplified by the Uchinsky Reservoir has established that since 2010 the number of phytoplankton has been increasing multiply with the development of blue-green algae at the end of the warm period, and it adversely affects the quality of water, leading to the development of eutrophication processes. The factors limiting the number of phytoplankton are the development of zooplankton and almost total consumption of ammonium nitrogen by phytoplankton. To manage the development of phytoplankton due to the most favourable climate conditions, a set of measures is required to reduce the intake of biogenic elements into the water of the Reservoir.
Degradation and restoration of mountain pastures
Authors: Bekuzarova S , Kozyrev S , Kozyrev A , Luschenko G , Bekmurzov A
Published: November 2020

The destructions which occur in the mountain phytocenosis reduce the adaptive capabilities of plant formation, as a result their productivity, longevity and resistance to adverse factors decrease. The species previously typical of indigenous communities do not find ecological niches. They are on the verge of extinction. This contributes to the degradation of species composition. Various secondary communities become widespread, the whole complex of existence in which differs from the conditions of indigenous communities. In order to study the state of mountain vegetation, phytocenoses were monitored and assessed, taking into account the presence of leguminous components. Vegetation monitoring was carried with regard to the vertical zonation, where the plant species and their disappearance were determined under the influence of anthropogenic and zoogenic factors. The areas with high degradation were determined, where the amount of plant formation increased and the diversity of valuable grass and bean cultures decreased, depending on anthropogenic factors. It was found that the early spring period nutrition of growing plants with the biological product Nikfan promotes the increase in the fodder mass of plants, ensuring their growth and full development. In our experiments, the doses of the biological product in a concentration of 0.1% were justified, creating favorable conditions for the development and growth rate of crops and beans.
Assessment of the fauna reserve "Bragunsky" in conditions of anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems and measures for its optimization
Authors: Batkhiev A , Avtaeva T , Jamalova M , Saparbayeva L , Kushalieva Sh , Arsanukaev D , Kaimov M
Published: November 2020

The article presents the materials of bioecological studies on the fauna state of biological reserve "Bragunsky", located in the plains of the Chechen Republic, the assessment of the degree of anthropogenic transformation, as a result of increased agricultural and manufacturing activities of the population in some parts of the reserve, the assessment of the current state of landscapes and biotopes, developed under the influence of anthropogenic transformation. The results of a comprehensive survey and inventory of the composition and species distribution of vertebrate and invertebrate animals are described. The article describes the characteristics of ecological and faunal groups, the representation of rare and protected species about anthropogenic changes. We used methods of cartography, multimedia modeling of satellite images, accounting for the number of species and their ecological and faunal analysis. Based on the research, based on the assessment of the results of anthropogenic changes, a justification was made for changing the current boundaries of the reserve, optimizing its territory and removing from the reserve some areas that are most anthropogenically transformed and are not of value for the composition of species and their protection. Practical recommendations are given.
Scientific bases of biodiversity conservation in the conditions of educational and experimental farm of GBPEI “Ufa Forestry Technical College”
Authors: Bilalova E G , Gazieva E M , Aslyamova E R , Ishmuratova M M , Sadykova F V
Published: November 2020

The Article is devoted to the methods of biodiversity conservation in the educational and experimental farm of GBPEI “Ufa Forestry Technical College”, where a collection of resource species of different climatic zones is preserved. The main decorative-deciduous, beautiful-flowering, wild-growing, fruit, medicinal species and families of the collection are presented, their generalized characteristic is given. Some results of studying of features of biology and reproduction at introduction in the open and closed soil in the context of the southern Urals are given.
Flora and vegetation of the Sulem Reservoir (Middle Urals)
Authors: Baktybaeva Z , Yamalov S , Golovanov Y , Gabidullina G
Published: November 2020

The study of biodiversity of anthropogenically disturbed areas is a prerequisite for assessing and predicting species abundance in regions. The present research aims at investigating the aquatic and coastal-aquatic flora and vegetation of the Sulem reservoir, built on the territory of the Visimsky nature reserve. Phytocoenotic material has been processed in accordance with the requirements of ecological-floristic classification of Braun-Blanquet. Flora analysis has been carried out in compliance with standard floristic methods. The study has revealed a variety of vegetation, which has been classified into 2 classes (Potamogetonetea and Phragmito-Magnocaricetea), 5 orders (Potamogetonetalia, Callitricho hamulatae-Ranunculetalia aquatilis, Phragmitetalia, Magnocaricetalia, Oenanthetalia aquaticae), 6 alliances (Nymphaeion albae, Potamogetonion, Ranunculion aquatilis, Phragmition communis, Magnocaricion elatae, Eleocharito Palustris-Sagittarion Sagittifoliae), 20 associations and 2 rankless communities. Communities of associationsElodeetum canadensis, Myriophylletum spicati and Callitrichetum hermaphroditicaeare the most common in the territory under study. Large areas are covered with Sagittario sagittifoliae-Sparganietum emersi, Typhetum latifoliae and Typha intermedia. Communities of associations Potamo crispi-Ranunculetum trichophylli, Potamogetonetum graminei, Potamo natantis–Polygonetum natantis
Typhetum angustifoliae and Sparganietum erecti are less common. Flora of vascular plants include 66 species from 43 genera and 26 families. Cyperaceae (10 species), Poaceae (8 species), Potamogetonaceae (6 species), Ranunculaceae (4 species), and Typhaceae (4 species) are the leading families. Hydrophytes prevail among ecological groups. Eurasian boreal species prevail in the geographical structure of the flora. 2 species listed in the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region include Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith u Nymphaea candida J. Presl.
Current state of biota of the Urus-Martan forest reserve of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Batkhiev A M , Avtaeva T A , Skripchinsky A V , Dzhamalova A Z , Saparbayeva L M , Kushalieva Sh A , Arsanukaev D D , Baisarova Z T
Published: November 2020

The article studies the state of biota in the Urus-Martan forest reserve located in the Chechen Republic, the degree of its anthropogenic transformation as a result of agricultural and production activities. A comprehensive bioecological analysis of flora and fauna was carried out, rare and protected species were assessed in terms of anthropogenic changes in the reserve. The methods of cartography, multimedia modeling of satellite images, accounting for the number of species and ecological-faunistic analysis were used. Changes in the reserve borders optimizing the reserve territory were described. Practical recommendations were provided.
Ecological aspects and analysis of ecotypes of kochia prostrate (Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad)
Authors: Nidyulin V N , Sangadzhieva S A , Staselko E A , Germasheva Yu S , Mushaeva K B
Published: November 2020

Over the past few decades, the state of the land in the arid zones of Russia is developing extremely unfavorably due to irrational pasture use. One of the ways to solve the problem is the development of halophytes in culture to create different varieties (as fodder) and restore saline soils. Halophytes (galos – salt, phyton – plant) is a special group of ecologically and physiologically adapted plant species that are able to maximize their potential in conditions of severe salinity. Halophytes – being useful as fodder, medicinal and oil-bearing plants – have a powerful environment-forming function and the ability to desalt saline soils. One of such halophytes is kochia prostrate. This is a pasture high-protein forage crop that has a number of nutritional properties, is well eaten by many animal species (in particular, cattle and small cattle), and is also promising for use in phytomelioration on natural pastures in arid regions of Eurasia, Africa and America. Fodder based on kochia prostrate is well balanced regarding amino acid composition (lysine, methionine, threonine, etc.), thereby is an excellent fattening feed. Therefore, it is important to understand, from the point of view of selection, on what type of soil will Kochia grow favorably and give the maximum yield for creating new varieties. This article presents the results of comparing the feed and seed productivity of three ecotypes of the xerogalophytic fodder half-shrub of kochia prostrate (Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad).
Assessment and spatial analysis of agricultural land erosion processes in the Samara region
Authors: Samokhvalova E V , Zudilin S N
Published: November 2020

Water and wind erosion of land causes annual damage since it leads to soil degradation and loss of fertility, reducing the economic indicators of agricultural production. Detailed systematization of land resources with an assessment of the scale and level of land degradation provides a basis for ranking areas by relevance and effectiveness of erosion protection. The article assesses the level of degradation of agricultural land in the Samara region by the scale of economic losses under the influence of water and wind erosion of soil with differentiation by administrative districts. The map of eroded lands has been developed. The results of integrated erosion zoning of the territory provide an information basis for identifying priority areas requiring anti-erosion measures, as well as for optimizing the structure of agricultural land use. The main directions of anti-erosion organization of the territory and on-farm land management, depending on the features of the landscape and the nature of damage, have been described.
Formation of an ecological framework of the urban environment in arid conditions
Authors: Amikova E A , Nastinova G E , Sangadjiev M M
Published: November 2020

The article scientifically substantiates the formation of the ecological frame of the urban area in arid conditions. The object of research is the greening system of the city of Elista, the capital of the Republic of Kalmykia. The main methods of the study are analytical, cameral and comparative geographical methods. The study shows that the intensity of traffic, physical, geographical and meteorological conditions and the condition of streets affect the gas content of the city’s air basin. The zones of active pollution by emissions into the air are intersections and stops of public transport. The dust-collecting capacity of leaves of certain types of vegetation does not adequately ensure the sanitary and hygienic state of the city’s atmospheric air. Based on the principle of a systematic approach to the problem, ecological-functional zoning of urban landscapes, as the basis of the ecological framework, has been carried out. The structure and its main elements that can act as "cores" and "corridors" of the ecological framework are presented. The study found that open, unconverted spaces account for about 26% of the city’s area. The implementation of the principles of forming an ecological frame and the broader use of conifers for landscaping in Elista is aimed at solving an urgent problem, namely, improving the ecological situation in the city and providing a favourable, comfortable environment for the population in arid conditions.
Ecological functions of bioindicators in anthropogenic landscapes
Authors: Bekuzarova S A , Khatsaeva F M , Khanieva I M , Vaniev A G , Tomaev V A , Dzampaeva M V , Abaeva A V , Sebetov V Kh
Published: November 2020

Environmental changes under the influence of anthropogenic factors are shown. Ecosystems accumulate toxic substances. A list of plants accumulating heavy metals is given. Using plants as indicators of toxicity, contaminated sites are determined and methods for restoring soil fertility are applied. The doses of introducing zeolite-containing clays together with phytoindicators are justified. The greatest sorption capacity was shown by the ragweed plant. As sorbents for restoring the environment and improving soil fertility, plant wastes, such as corn cobs, sunflower heads, are used. The studies were conducted in various soils of the North Caucasus. Measures to reduce the toxic load on the ecosystem were theoretically and practically justified. The maximum amount of toxic substances accumulates in ragweed. Indicator plants can be widely used in the rehabilitation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and other chemicals.
Studies of the characteristics of compounded pitch by chromatography-mass spectrometry and NMR of carcinogenic activity
Authors: Gorovoy V O , Kolosov A D , Kondrat’ev V V , Doshlov O I
Published: November 2020

The spectral characteristics of coal and oil pitch are compared among themselves. An insignificant contribution of aliphatic functional groups to the total spectrum intensity for coal pitch is noted. Analysis of the obtained 13C NMR spectra showed qualitative structural features of the pitch components, such as the absence of signals in the range of 150-200 ppm, which indicates the absence of carbonyl- and carboxyl-containing fragments in the components of the pitch components. The content of radiocarbon in the samples of oil pitch and carbon nanoparticles was measured.
Reducing emissions of resinous substances in the electrolytic production of aluminum
Authors: Shahrai S G , Kondrat’ev V V , Kolosov A D , Gorovoy V O
Published: November 2020

The analysis of the influence of new technical solutions in the technologies of electrolytic production of aluminum on the quantitative indicators of pollutants in the emissions of anode gases is presented. Describes methods to reduce emissions of resinous substances, including 3,4-benz (a) pyrene. The problem of emission capture during cooling of the pins extracted from the anode is considered in detail. For the first time in the Russian Federation, it was proposed to use environmentally friendly oil pitch, in which 3,4-benz (a) pyrene is practically absent. A variant of collecting tar contaminants by cooling anode pins in an aspirated cartridge is proposed. The new solution reduces tar emissions by an average of 5%.
Using cellular automata in modelling of the fire front propagation through rough terrain
Authors: Pavlova A V , Rubtsov S E , Telyatnikov I S
Published: November 2020

The authors created a cellular automata model simulating the dynamics of a fire source for rough terrain on a triangular grid, including cases of artificial and natural obstacles. The model can be used as a part of a complex of models describing fire propagation and migration of polluting aerosol and gaseous products of combustion in the atmosphere. It is applicable for predicting a possibility of occurrence, intensity, scenario of fire propagation, as well as assessing its impact on environment and also in decision support systems for the prevention of emergency fire situations. For the model description of real settlement areas, we used a digital model of the territory of the Krasnodar Territory built using geographic information systems.
Modeling the optimal route of unmanned systems during the extinguishing of industrial and natural fires
Authors: Sharafutdinov A A , Khairetdinov I A , Krasnov A V , Gazizov A M , Kolesnik A A
Published: November 2020

The scientific relevance of this study lies in the absence of operational principles as well as control algorithms over the group of quadcopters in order to monitor situation during the state of emergency and for application with decision-making system. As a part of the study, models and algorithms were created, which allow the group of quadcopters to undertake concurrent work as well as to ensure mutual coordination. Instructional guidelines were developed on the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles for emergency prevention and mitigation. We thoroughly studied and employed a bidimentional motion simulation of the quadcopter in path and full circle; movement changes of drone population; three-dimentional motion of the group of quadcopters in a predetermined path.
Justifying the duration of operation of a solar and battery-powered sprinkler machine
Authors: Bakirov S M , Ivankina J V , Ziniev Sh Z , Eliseev S S
Published: November 2020

The development of solar energy allows considering a possibility of using solar panels as the main power source for mobile machines. Especially for the machines used in open sunlit spaces, for example, for sprinkler machines. This article discusses a problem of justifying the parameters of a power supply in the form of accumulator batteries charged from solar panels while ensuring the required duration of operation of a sprinkler machine. Studies show that the duration of operation depends on the time of day when a sprinkler machine is started,its accumulator battery parameters, duration of the recovery charge, climatic zone and the area of the solar battery. Dependence of these parameters was found on the duration of operation of the electric drive of the support trolley of one section of the sprinkler machine, and a graphical solution to this problem is provided.
Combined environmentally friendly technology for recycling of coal-water slurries in coal mining
Authors: Osintsev K V , Korabelnikova D P , Bolkov Y S
Published: November 2020

The article shows that coal mining enterprises has environmental problems and energy losses in recycling process. Expediency of heat sources use in order to protect the environment and increasing the efficiency of secondary energy sources use is described in the research. The ways of recycling energy sources in processing plants, as well as prospects for the improvement of modern power plants are investigated. The methods of recycling are presented in the article. The technology of co-combustion of coal-water slurry and biogas is described and developed. It is one of the proposed solutions for recycling of used dispersed materials at processing plants. The results of cluster analysis in determining the basic fossil fuels for the developed installation are given. The prospects for industry development are shown. These prospects are based on the recovery methods at coal preparation plants.
Prerequisites for tourism development in Chechen Republic
Authors: Daukaev A A , Gatsaeva L S , Zaburaeva Kh Sh , Daukaev A A , Gatsaeva S S-A , Gaibarbekov U T
Published: November 2020

The paper is devoted to the development of recreation and ecotourism in the mountainous part of the Chechen Republic. The paper gives definitions of ecotourism. A brief geological and geographical characteristic of the territory is given (a brief history of geological development, a description of low, medium and high mountain ranges) as well as recreational potential assessment. The organization of tourist and recreational activities in the mountainous part of the republic is substantiated on the basis of numerous hydrological objects available here (springs, mountain rivers and streams with clean spring water, mineral and fresh underground water sources, alpine lakes, waterfalls), picturesque landscapes, geological objects, etc. The paper describes tourist routes with the allocation of specific objects (exits to the daylight surface of rocks with paleontological finds, unique hydrological objects, ethnocultural objects – tower complexes), their duration and length. The following routs are described: Benoy; Grozny – Tsesi Gorge; Grozny – Galanchozhsky district; Grozny – Chatoy – Itum Kale – Malchist Gorge. In conclusion, the main directions of tourist recreational framework that will contribute to the sustainable development of the Chechen Republic are highlighted: expansion of the services in the region, investment attraction, jobs creation; promotion of environmental activities; increase of the level of environmental education and general cultural level of tourists and local population, etc.
Assessment of the plantings in small towns of the Oryol region
Authors: Parakhina E A , Silaeva Zh G , Kiseleva L L , Chaadaeva N N
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of total plantations inventory in small towns of the Oryol region. The article studies 41 species of trees and 15 species of shrubs growing in small towns of the Oryol region. The inventory revealed a stability of 120,605 woody plants in town. The diagnosis of the vital state of trees and shrubs presents that the urban tree plantings are weakened. Based on the data obtained there are recommendations proposed for the conservation and reconstruction of tree stands, the expansion of the main assortment of tree species.
Radial growth of artificial forest stands under the aerotechnogenic impact of the Orenburg gas chemical complex
Authors: Ryabinina Z N , Bastaeva G T , Lyavdanskaya O A , Lebedev S V , Kalyakina R G , Ryabuhina M V
Published: November 2020

With extremely low forest cover in the Orenburg region (4.6 %), where the environmental stress factor is particularly acute, forests have exceptional climate control, soil protection, and sanitary and hygiene. The priority area of practice and science is the preservation and growth of the forests of the region, which serves as a kind of framework in stabilizing the environmental situation in the region. The presented work shows the state of forest stands under conditions of anthropogenic impact. The culmination of the current radial growth has been established and the so-called “surge” of the current growth of tree stands has been detected with the accumulation of threshold levels of toxicants in a polluted environment, which subsequently leads to loss of stability and destruction of plantations.
Algorithm for identifying unused agricultural land
Authors: Fedorinov A V , Cherkashina E V , Sorokina O A , Petrova L E , Fomkin I V
Published: November 2020

The article deals with an algorithm for identifying unused agricultural lands for their involvement in economic turnover. The research objects are the Yaroslavl region and the Smolensk region of the Russian Federation, where the share of unused agricultural land makes from 12 to 50 %. The article presents the methods of land inventory aimed at finding out the reasons for land withdrawal from active economic turnover, evaluating cultural and technical condition of land and giving recommendations for the introduction of land into agricultural turnover. The methods of estimating capital costs for involving land in active economic turnover have been suggested.
Methods of analysis and assessment of the efficiency of agricultural land use by agrarian universities
Authors: Shirokorad I I , Pafnutova E G , Fadeeva O M , Oleksenko O M
Published: November 2020

The paper is devoted to the study of the efficiency of the agricultural land use by agrarian universities. The need to consider this topic lies in the fact that agrarian universities, which train personnel for agricultural industries, face a number of problems in ensuring and developing the agricultural production on the basis of their capacity, including land being the main means of production. However, the universities do not have sufficient funds. Their resources are always limited, so, on the one hand, rational savings will allow maintaining the quality of education, but on the other – the absence of supporting measures reduces the possibilities of meeting modern requirements of education. The theoretical significance of the study is to summarize the data on the area of agricultural land and to study the specifics of their functional purpose. During the work, the analysis of the efficiency of agricultural land use was carried out, the indicators of which can be used as a basic element for increasing economic and entrepreneurial activity of universities. Hence, the study proposes a model of planning the maximum (minimum) value of assessing the level of agricultural land use by agrarian universities to ensure proper economic activities, as well as educational, practical and research works. The results of the study can be taken into account in the preparation of promising plans for the development of agrarian education.
Digital land management and land resource data generation
Authors: Papaskiri T V , Semochkin V N , Ananicheva E P , Popova E S , Dronina D A
Published: November 2020

The article deals with issues related to the creation of digital land management, the information basis of which is data obtained by replacing traditional methods of obtaining information with new technologies, including: unmanned aerial vehicles, laser scanning, high-resolution satellite images. New technologies should create a higher level of information support for land management, due to a significant increase in information content and, in accordance with this, taking into account more factors that affect land management decisions. In this regard, the state data Fund formed on the basis of land management documentation should be improved and such modernization should be carried out simultaneously with the technological reequipment of land management, based on network cloud storage of information, big data and blockchain, using modern computer tools.
Use of geoinformation systems based on intellectual technologies in favour of a company
Authors: Khvatish N V , Sokolova T A , Moskvitin G I , Taraskin M M
Published: November 2020

The paper considers the problem of processing information arrays of geographic information systems based on intelligent technologies. The authors note that geoinformatics is not only an area of scientific research, but also a technology for collecting, storing, transforming, displaying and distributing spatially coordinated information, the purpose of which is to solve the problems of inventory, optimization and management of geosystems. Geoinformatics as a field of production includes the production of software and hardware, the creation of databases and control systems. Moreover, the interrelation of cartography and geoinformatics is indicated, which is manifested in the following aspects: thematic and cartographic maps - the main source of spatio-temporal information; the systems of geographical and rectangular coordinates - the basis for the coordinate reference of all information received and stored in the GIS; maps - the main means of geographical interpretation and organization of remote sensing data and other information used in GIS (statistical, analytical, etc.); cartographic analysis - one of the most effective ways to identify geographical patterns, relationships, dependencies in the formation of knowledge bases included in GIS; mathematical-cartographic and computer-cartographic modeling - the main means of converting information in the decision-making process, management of expert reviews, making forecasts of the development of geosystems; a cartographic image - an appropriate form of presenting information to consumers. In order to solve managerial tasks, it is proposed to implement cognitive graphics in geoinformation systems based on artificial intelligence, which accompanies the process of problem solution and decision making on choosing a route based on criteria.
The use of geographical information systems (GIS) for monitoring water bodies
Authors: Khabarova I A , Khvatysh N V , Sokolova T A , Khabarov D A , Valiev D S
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the use of geographical information systems (GIS) for monitoring water bodies. At present, considerable attention is paid to the use of geographic information systems for monitoring water bodies. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the method for applying geographic information systems for effective monitoring of such objects. Theoretical and methodological foundations of development and functioning of geographic information systems of water bodies were analyzed. The regulatory framework for the development of geographic information systems for water bodies was analyzed, and proposals on possible improvements of the mechanism for developing GIS water bodies were made.
Efim Mikhailovich Tschepourkowsky and his contribution to anthropology
Authors: Fando R A
Published: November 2020

The paper is devoted to the biography of an émigré scientist, Efim Mikhailovich Tschepourkowsky. The main stages of his life are described: schooling at progymnasium in Kyiv and gymnasium in Novocherkassk, studies at the Imperial Kharkov University, study visits to the leading European centers for the studies of anthropology, teaching at Moscow University and Far East University, moving to Harbin and working at the Law Faculty, forced emigration to Lithuania and the USA. E.M. Tschepourkowsky’s works are analysed, in particular, his works on geographical variation of the cephalic index and eye/hair color among the Slavs. In his publications, he employed the geographical method to characterise the variation of morphological traits as well as the latest developments in genetics and biometry. Apart from the analysis of morphological features across the governorates, Tschepourkowsky made an interesting comparison of their characters. Naturally, he did not write about it in his scientific papers but described it in his memoirs.
Landscape historical study of the Tract of St. Mary’s Mountain, a historical and cultural monument of Central Russia
Authors: Nizovtsev V A , Erman N M
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a comprehensive landscape and historical study of the historical and cultural monument "The tract of St. Mary’s Mountain". The territory of this monument, located at the crossroads of the main medieval overland roads, is ridden with numerous archaeological sites: ancient settlements, mounds and burial mounds, dating back to the 1st millennium AD, as well as natural monuments. Complex field expeditionary and office landscape-historical studies were carried out, as a result of which the modern landscape structure of the monument was analyzed, and the natural properties of the natural and cultural-historic landscapes of this territory were determined. A large-scale map of conditionally restored landscapes was compiled, and an assessment of the resource base, landscape and environmental conditions of the settlers’ life was completed. A comprehensive spatial and terrain analysis of the archaeological and historical monuments was completed, and retro-reconstructions of the landscape-economic systems of the ancient Russian period were created. As a result of the research conducted, it was established that the settlement systems and environmental management systems were clearly determined by the local landscape structure. The comprehensive studies conducted have made it possible to conclude that the historical and cultural landscape of "The tract of St. Mary’s Mountain" possesses a unique combination of natural and historical objects and is considered a model archeological monument of Ancient Russia, which historians compare with the synchronous monuments of Western and Central Europe of the "take off to the hills" era (11th–12th centuries).
Objects of water use in Sicily in the albums by A.S. Norov and A.D. Chertkov (first half of the 19th century)
Authors: Ozerova N A , Aleksandrovskaya O A , Snytko V A
Published: November 2020

The paper considers the objects of water use depicted in albums and described in notes of Russian travelers A.S. Norov and A.D. Chertkov, who visited Sicily in the 1820s. Among these objects are rivers, springs, fountains, ancient aqueducts, water mills. For A.S. Norov most of the drawings were made by the Russian artist F.M. Matveev, who lived most of his life in Italy. A.D. Chertkov was accompanied by the German artist C.F. Stange. The images in albums help to better represent local household traditions and features of water use and significantly supplement descriptions in texts published by the travelers.
History of chemical mineralogy in Russia (1740-1790)
Authors: Sokolova O A
Published: November 2020

Until the end of the XVIII century, mineralogy as an independent science did not exist. Mineralogy, in essence, was called the science of ore deposits in its modern sense. Then, there was no clear definition of the term "mineral." This concept included not only minerals in the proper sense of the word, but also ores, rocks, and fossils. Due to the low general level of knowledge by the middle of the XVIII century, there was no information on the chemical composition of minerals. Of all the chemical elements in the time of Lomonosov (until 1765), only 17 were known: carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic, silver, tin, antimony, platinum, gold, mercury, lead and bismuth. Later, until 1790, 11 more chemical elements were discovered: nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, manganese, barium, molybdenum, tungsten, tellurium, hydrogen, zirconium, uranium. Lomonosov laid the chemical study of minerals using qualitative and primitive quantitative analyzes. Along with chemical analyzes, physical experiments were carried out to study minerals. The scientist had the idea of synthesizing minerals, artificially obtaining salts, a number of ore and other minerals. Thanks to the efforts of Lomonosov, the first scientific chemical laboratory was built and opened in St. Petersburg. Scientists covered various issues of mineral formation, including deposition methods and sources of mineral matter, and paragenetic associations of minerals.
Chloroquine- and Hydroxychloroquine–Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Nadeem Urooba , Raafey Muhammad , Kim Gene , Treger Jerermy , Pytel Peter , N Husain Aliya , Schulte Jefree J
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To present an index case and review the histologic and electron microscopic findings in chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) myopathy, focusing primarily on cardiomyopathy. CQ and HCQ are antimalarial drugs with disease-modifying activity in rheumatic diseases (DMARD) and now are among the most widely used DMARDs. Although they are rare, severe adverse effects caused mainly by deposition of intracellular metabolites in both cardiac and skeletal muscle have been described. Currently, both CQ and HCQ have been proposed to have efficacy for patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and several large centers in the United States and other countries have started clinical trials.

Methods

A case of HCQ cardiotoxicity diagnosed on an endomyocardial biopsy is presented. A review of the pathology archives was performed to identify additional cases of CQ or HCQ myopathy, and histologic changes were recorded. A brief literature review with an emphasis on pathologic findings in myopathies was performed.

Results

Including the index case, 4 cases of CQ or HCQ myopathy were identified. Light microscopic findings included vacuolated myopathy, and electron microscopic findings included myeloid bodies and curvilinear inclusion bodies.

Conclusion

CQ and HCQ myopathy can present following long-term administration of the drug. The pathologic findings are nonspecific and overlap with other vacuolated myopathies, necessitating careful correlation of the histologic changes with the patient’s medical history.
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors and Insights from Biomarker Measurement in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Ibrahim Nasrien E , Januzzi James L
Published: November 2020

Background

Several large trials have demonstrated cardiac benefits in patients with and without established cardiovascular disease treated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Most recently, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the risk of worsening HF or cardiovascular death was lower among those who received dapagliflozin than among those who received placebo, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. Biomarkers may provide insight into understanding the mechanism of cardiovascular benefit observed in patients receiving SLGT2i. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including improvement in ventricular unloading due to the natriuretic effects, afterload reduction via reduction in blood pressure and improvement in vascular function, improvement in cardiac metabolism and bioenergetics, and reduction in cardiac fibrosis and necrosis, among others.

Content

We discuss several animal and human studies on the effect of SGLT2i on various biomarkers. Modest reduction or blunting of rise over time in concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and reduction in high-sensitivity troponin has been observed in patients receiving SLGT2i. Concentrations of biomarkers such as sST2 and galectin-3 have been unchanged whereas inflammatory markers such as fibronectin 1, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase 7, and tumor necrosis factor-1 are decreased with SGLT2i therapy.

The effect of SLGT2i on various circulating biomarkers allows insight into the understanding of mechanisms of cardiovascular benefits with SGLT2i use. Further studies are needed to understand such mechanisms and to understand how biomarkers can be used for risk prediction and personalization of care in patients receiving SLGT2i.
Long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted versus thoraco-laparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Xiao-Kun , Cong Zhuang-Zhuang , Zhou Hai , Wu Wen-Jie , Qiang Yong , Yi Jun , Shen Yi
Published: November 2020

The long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted McKeown esophagectomy (RAME) compared to thoraco-laparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy (TLME) for the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the number of dissected lymph nodes and long-term survival between RAME and TLME using a propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. A total of 721 patients undergoing minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy at our department from February 2015 to October 2019 were analyzed, including 310 patients in RAME group and 411 in TLME group. The exact numbers of lymph nodes including those among thoracic and abdominal categories as well as those along the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) were all recorded. PSM analysis was applied to generate matched pairs for further comparison. All patients with R0 resection were followed with a strict follow-up period which range from 1 to 56 months. The effect of lymphadenectomy was compared between all patients in unmatched and matched groups. Long-term outcomes consisting of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence rate (including regional recurrence rate, systemic recurrence rate and mediastinal lymph nodes recurrence rate) were compared in R0 resection patients. Finally, 292 patients were identified for each cohort after PSM. RAME was found to yield significantly more left RLN lymph nodes (mean: 2.27 ± 0.90 vs. 2.09 ± 0.79; P = 0.011) and more thoracic lymph nodes (mean: 12.60 ± 4.22 vs. 11.83 ± 3.12, P = 0.012) compared with TLME after PSM analysis. There was no significant difference in the OS and DFS between the RAME and TLME group. Besides, total recurrences were recognized in 33 (11.7%) patients in the RAME group and 36 (12.9%) in the TLME group (P = 0.676). The mediastinal lymph nodes recurrence rate in the RAME group was tended to be lower than that in the TLME group (2.5% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.079). Therefore, RAME might be an alternative approach for the treatment of ESCC with more lymph nodes dissected and similar long-term survival outcomes compared to TLME.
Prognostic value of peak stress cardiac power in patients with normal ejection fraction undergoing exercise stress echocardiography
Authors: Anand Vidhu , Kane Garvan C , Scott Christopher G , Pislaru Sorin V , Adigun Rosalyn O , McCully Robert B , Pellikka Patricia A , Pislaru Cristina
Published: November 2020

Aims 

Cardiac power is a measure of cardiac performance that incorporates both pressure and flow components. Prior studies have shown that cardiac power predicts outcomes in patients with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). We sought to evaluate the prognostic significance of peak exercise cardiac power and power reserve in patients with normal EF.

Methods and results 

We performed a retrospective analysis in 24 885 patients (age 59 ± 13 years, 45% females) with EF ≥50% and no significant valve disease or right ventricular dysfunction, undergoing exercise stress echocardiography between 2004 and 2018. Cardiac power and power reserve (developed power with stress) were normalized to LV mass and expressed in W/100 g of LV myocardium. Endpoints at follow-up were all-cause mortality and diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Patients in the higher quartiles of power/mass (rest, peak stress, and power reserve) were younger and had higher peak blood pressure and heart rate, lower LV mass, and lower prevalence of comorbidities. During follow-up [median 3.9 (0.6–8.3) years], 929 patients died. After adjusting for age, sex, metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved, ischaemia/infarction on stress test results, medication, and comorbidities, peak stress power/mass was independently associated with mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), highest vs. lowest quartile, 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–0.6, P < 0.001] and HF at follow-up [adjusted HR, highest vs. lowest quartile, 0.4, 95% CI (0.3, 0.5), P < 0.001]. Power reserve showed similar results.

Conclusion 

The assessment of cardiac power during exercise stress echocardiography in patients with normal EF provides valuable prognostic information, in addition to stress test findings on inducible myocardial ischaemia and exercise capacity.