bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR STORING AND ANALYZING DATA FROM SATELLITE IMAGES AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Riabyi Myroslav , Honcharuk Yurii , Polishchuk Yuliia
Published: December 2024

An overview of current technologies for storing and analyzing data from satellite imagery and aerial photography is provided. Currently, the processing and aggregation industry is actively developing: new analytical methods are being added, and fundamentally new approaches are being created. To evaluate existing technologies, the article briefly describes the main products on the market, such as EOSDA, Maxar, Google Earth Engine, ArcGIS, and others. To evaluate the strengths and weaknesses, a comparative table was compiled taking into account the factors of autonomy and openness to modifications. The autonomy of geospatial data aggregation and processing is important not only in terms of dependence on third-party computing resources, but is also a key factor for implementation in critical industries. In addition, independence and the ability to be deployed on client hardware require analytical algorithms to use computing resources more economically, which in turn correlates with the quality of data aggregation approaches. Therefore, a key direction on the way to system autonomy is the ability to get rid of unnecessary information before it is processed by more demanding algorithms for searching and identifying objects or spatial patterns. That is why the authors proposed an approach to optimize processing and storage, which will simplify access to analytics results and overall performance. This approach can significantly reduce data storage and access time, while ensuring high accuracy and relevance of information. A method for aggregating aerial photography data into semi-automated panoramic images that remove overlapping neighboring frames using homographic transformations based on special points is proposed. A method for comparing (and searching for coincidences) aerial imagery and similar satellite imagery that approximates data from different sources is also proposed. Given the result, the introduction of machine learning and artificial intelligence methods in geospatial data analysis can be the key to the development of highly automated systems that can adapt and respond to changes in large data streams.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGANISATION'S INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT POLICY
Authors: Kapeliushna Tetiana , Lehominova Svitlana , Muzhanova Tetiana , Tyshchenko Vitalii
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the problem of imperfection of regulatory documents in terms of revision of the main regulatory legal acts, their updating in accordance with changes and trends in the protection of information resources. The author emphasises the need to improve the compliance of organisations with due regard for the active digitisation of services in Ukraine, integration into the global digitalised space, as well as the active use of information and communication technologies, and expansion of the range of services in the field of electronic communications, which are the reasons for new attacks on enterprises. The author emphasises that these trends necessitate strengthening the protection of information flows of organisations (against unauthorised access, leakage of confidential data, loss of information assets, dissemination of intellectual property, dissemination of information constituting a trade secret) on the basis of a reliable regulatory framework. The article provides definitions of the following concepts: “information security policy”, “information security policy”, “bank information security policy”, and the resources that are the objects of dissemination of the organisation’s information security policy are presented. The authors have thoroughly monitored the regulatory and legal documents and identified the main regulatory documents on ensuring information security of organisations, namely: laws, regulations, resolutions, international standards, presidential decrees regulating cybersecurity and information protection of organisations operating in the financial sector. The results of the monitoring of documents and their summary are considered as the basis for the formation of compliance enhancements and the possibility of their implementation in the practical activities of banks in the development of information security management policies by cybersecurity specialists (chief compliance officer (CCO) and chief information security officer (CISO)).
LOW-SPEED HTTP DDOS ATTACK PREVENTION MODEL FOR END USERS
Authors: Ponochovny Petro
Published: December 2024

Slow HTTP DDoS attacks pose a serious threat to information systems and web services because they use sophisticated techniques to exhaust server resources. These attacks specifically target compute resource exhaustion, request throughput, or connection management at the application layer [1]. Biased modeling of such attacks requires a special approach to analyze traffic behavior and request characteristics, allowing anomalies to be detected even with minimal network activity [2], [15]. The main problem with such attacks is that they are difficult to recognize because of their similarity to legitimate traffic. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intelligent systems that can analyze the complex interaction patterns between clients and servers. The proposed model is based on a complex analysis of network activity using a layered threat detection system. The model utilizes machine learning algorithms that adapt to changing attack characteristics and improve the accuracy of detecting subtle anomalies in traffic [3], [13]. This minimizes the number of false positives and allows the system to respond quickly to changes in the attack vector. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, as it can respond to attacks even before the system has exhausted its resources. A feature of this model is its ability to detect early threats with low traffic intensity that do not impose a significant load on network equipment [4]. However, such threats always consume computing power and thus have a devastating impact on services. A unique advantage of this approach is that it can be integrated with existing SIEM systems, allowing for more comprehensive real-time monitoring of network activity. It also opens prospects for the realization of distributed cyber defense systems operating in multi-area networks with high traffic intensity. The proposed model provides high data processing performance through optimization of the classification algorithm and its parallel implementation. The proposed model can be integrated into various cybersecurity systems without significant impact on network performance [5], [6], [14]. The model is promising in the direction of automatic detection of new types of attacks, integration with existing SIEM systems, and faster processing of large amounts of traffic. Furthermore, the versatility of the packet group analysis mechanism allows its extension to other types of DDoS attacks based on the use of low-intensity traffic. This makes it suitable for protecting not only web applications but also other network services such as IoT platforms and cloud infrastructures. The proposed approach provides a basis for the development of intelligent defense systems against DDoS attacks. Its efficiency and adaptability will expand the capabilities of cyber defense systems, increase the resilience of information systems against modern threats, and minimize the negative impact on critical services.
METHOD OF RECOGNITION OF MOVING OBJECTS BASED ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF HAAR CASCADES
Authors: Nazarkevych Mariia , Lytvyn Vasyl , Vysotska Victoria
Published: December 2024

A method of recognition of moving objects in a video stream based on the Haar classification has been developed. When tracking objects, there is a need to identify them and record their direction of movement, speed of movement. The complexity of recognition lies not only in fixing the object and following it, but also in the movement of the camera itself, from which video surveillance is conducted. The Haar method is based on cascade classifiers that quickly highlight regions with a high probability of detecting an object. Haar cascades use a convolution operation, which is formed on the basis of the proportional product of Fourier images of functions. The disadvantages of Haar cascades include the fact that recognition is unstable when lighting changes, unstable with changes in scale and rotation of key frames. When implementing this method, no one changes the backgrounds in the video sequences. This method is very fast to implement, and accordingly the least accurate, compared to SURF and SIFT. However, it is accessible to programming and free to use. The Adaboost classifier was used to apply Haar Cascades. This algorithm selects a small number of significant features from a larger set to provide an effective result. Adaboost is an ensemble learning method that belongs to the category of boosting algorithms, which allows combining decision tree models with a small depth to create a strong model capable of providing high accuracy of classification or regression. In addition to object recognition, a machine learning method based on supervised methods was implemented to implement object location prediction and object identification. The training sample included military vehicles btr, bmp, tank, car and howitzer. It is planned to use random forest, SVM, gradient boosting and neural networks algorithms for object identification. The metrics of machine learning results are considered, in particular, the accuracy, completeness, F1-score, Kappa coefficient, and error matrix. The developed models are evaluated. In the future, it is planned to improve the methods that have been started.
ANALYSIS OF SECURITY INCIDENT INVESTIGATION TECHNOLOGI AT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Authors: Kozachok Valerii , Drapatyi Mykhailo
Published: December 2024

This article aims to analyze and review modern technologies used in the investigation of security incidents at critical infrastructure facilities. Research and implementation of the latest strategies and approaches in this area can contribute to increasing the level of protection of important systems, as well as to the detection and response to new cyber threats, while maintaining the reliability of the functioning of society as a whole. Today, the urgent issue of the security industry is to address the state of information security of critical infrastructure objects with the effective application of appropriate measures to maintain it in proper condition. The information space, resources, infrastructure and technologies significantly affect the level of potential of the state and its armed forces. Today, more than ever, the information component in the strategy of ensuring the national and military security of the state has come to the fore [1], [2]. The study and implementation of technological trends of cyber protection in the sector of critical infrastructure allows to respond to the complexity of modern cyber threats and ensures an increase in the security of systems in real time.
Systems of basic tillage and weed infestation of the spring barley crops
Authors: Perfilyev Nikolai Vasilievich , Vyushina Olga Anatolievna
Published: December 2024

In the course of research the influence of duration of exposure to different tillage systems on the weed infestation of crops and yield of spring barley was determined. Stationary field experiments were carried out in the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of Federal State Institutions Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen Oblast. Observations (2018-2022) were carried out in the 7th rotation of grain-fallow crop rotation: complete fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley. The following systems of basic tillage were compared: moldboard, nonmoldboard, combined, differentiated, sweep and shallow systems. The soil of the experimental plot is dark gray forest soil, heavy loamy, typical for the zone by its characteristics. A mixture of preparations against dicotyledonous and cereal weeds was applied as a general background. Prolonged (during 35 years) application of basic tillage systems of different intensities in cereal crops in grain and fallow crop rotation using a mixture of herbicides against mixed type of weeding contributed to the formation of low and medium degree of weed infestation, mainly annual small-seeded weeds. At the same time, the indicator of total damage (the mass of weeds is 1.13–4.47 % of the biomass of cultivated plants) was low. The moldboard system of basic tillage proved to be the most effective in combating weeds. The highest weed infestation was observed in the nonmoldboard system (243.3 pcs./m2): in spring – 1.8 times more by number, in autumn - 4 times more by weight in comparison with the moldboard tillage system. When cultivating cereals in crop rotation with the use of complex chemicalization means, the possibility of using resource-saving tillage systems is justified by maintaining a low level of weed infestation and its harmfulness, the absence of negative impact on yield.
Development of ploughshares for tractors of drawbar category 5
Authors: Boykov Vasiliy Mikhailovich , Startsev Sergey Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

An increase in the productivity of plowing units is achieved by increasing the speed and changing the width of the plow. The growth of the first parameter is limited by the permissible range of movement speed, and the increase in the width of the plow is limited by the traction properties of the tractor and the dimensions of the plow. Consequently, it is possible to increase productivity if the procedure of basic tillage is fundamentally improved due to new processes of interaction of the working bodies of tillage implements with the soil layer. The analysis of the obtained theoretical dependencies allows the K-701 tractor to operate with wide-cut plows relative to the PNL-8-40 plow. Ploughs of the brands PBS-(8+1)L, PBS-8U, PBS-8M, PBS-9, PBS-16-38L with a plow width 3.6–6.0 m allow the turning procedure of basic tillage to a depth of 0.15–0.3 m with a capacity of 2.3–3.8 ha/h and fuel consumption of 13–15 kg/ha, when meeting the established agrotechnical requirements. A description of the design features of general-purpose ploughshares for aggregation with tractors of drawbar category 5 is presented.
Calculation of convective drying parameters taking into account the object kinetics
Authors: Zakhakhatnov Viktor Glebovich , Levinsky Vasily Nikolaevich
Published: December 2024

When drying agricultural products, drying modes are determined based on the quality of the dried product and energy consumption is taken into account in the second place. As a rule, quantitative assessment of the effect of drying modes on energy consumption is not carried out. Traditional methods of calculating drying plants involve determining the total amount of evaporated moisture under the assumption of its uniform intake. During natural drying process, moisture release does not occur uniformly and depends on the drying stage. The amount of moisture released per unit of time can be calculated from the drying curve based on experimental data. This article presents the results of assessing the effect of the temperatures of the air supplied and removed from the drying zone on the specific heat consumption produced using the traditional calculation method. Thus, when the air heating temperature in the heater is from 20 to 60 °C, the temperature of the air removed from the drying zone is reduced from 55 to 35 °C, the specific heat consumption is reduced by 4.5 times, when heated to 90 °C – by 1,6 times. To account for the effect of uneven moisture release during drying, a technique based on step-by-step calculation of the moisture released along the drying curve and subsequent calculation of heat and air consumption is proposed. Calculations performed for drying carrots to 18 % with an initial humidity of 83 % show that in the initial period, the consumption of heat and air is 3 times higher than that at the end. Obviously, not taking into account the uneven release of moisture during drying in the initial period can lead to condensation of moisture on the material dried in the chamber, which increases the drying time, and at the end of drying – to overconsumption of heat.
Ecological plasticity of sunflower varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the Lower Volga region according to the characteristics of “oilseed yield” and “fat content”
Authors: Gudova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Lekarev Andrey Vladimirovich , Polevaya Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

To obtain high yields and other economically valuable traits, varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops must be characterized by high adaptability, which ensure full use of climatic and soil resources. The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Federal Agricultural Research Center for South-East Region in   2020-2023. The objects of the research were 22 sunflower genotypes bred by the center. The purpose of the research is to study the ecological plasticity of sunflower varieties and hybrids based on the traits of “oilseed yield” and “seed fat content”. As a result of the research, it was found out that, on average, the oilseed yield varied in the range of 2.21-3.00 t/ha. High yield (over 2.75 t/ha) had the variety Saratovsky 21 and simple hybrids PG 26?966, PG 32?935, PG 32?966, PG 16or.?50, PG 16u.?966. According to fat content (over 50.0%) with a minimum and maximum range of 38.8–54.1%, the varieties and hybrids Saratovsky 20, Saratovsky 21, YuV 1071 and hybrids PG 32?966, PG 3116?966, PG 16or.?966, PG 16u.?966 were distinguished. The regression coefficient bi varied from –0.40 to 4.44 for the “yield” feature and 0.48–1.96 for the “fat content” feature. Simple hybrids PG 3116?931 and PG 32?Cher.66 (bi >1) belong to the highly plastic intensive type according to the “yield” trait, and PG 26?931, PG 26?934, PG 26?50 – according to the “seed fat content” trait.
Some physicochemical parameters of mountain-forest brown soils
Authors: Rzaeva Afag Latiagaevna , Mammadzade Vafa Telmanovna
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive studies have been carried out on some physico-chemical indicators of mountain-forest brown soil (using the example of the Aghsu district). The humus content, carbonate content, and reaction of the aqueous solution (pH) soil samples selected from natural biotopes (forest, natural cenoses) and cereal agrocenoses were comparatively determined. The dynamics of changes in these indicators for individual layers of the studied cenoses was established and characteristic differences were analyzed. Physico-chemical analyzes of soil samples from natural and cultivated biotopes of mountain-forest brown soil showed some differences between them. It has been established that the total humus content in natural cenoses (virgin soils, forest) varies in individual layers 2.48 (0-10), 2.12 (10-20) and 1.91% (20-30 cm), respectively, between and 5.84-5.20-3.0%. In grain agrocenoses, this indicator varies between 3.13 (0-10), 2.71 (10-20) and 2.24% (20-30 cm). The reaction of the aqueous solution in soil samples from different cenoses varies between 7.31-7.40-7.60; 7.65-7.79-7.82; and 7.54-7.68-7.93. Similarly, the carbonate content also varies within the range of 7.68-20.15%. The amount of absorbed bases was 39.08 mg-equ in layer 0–25 cm, 38.76 mg-equ  in layer 22–37 cm and 38.86 mg-equ in layer 37–90 cm and gradually increased to 46.10 mg-equ. There were 48.58   and 38.40 mg-equ. The conducted soil studies can be used as literary material for the protection of soil resources in Azerbaijan, improvement of the current ecological state of lands used in agriculture, and environmental assessment.
Comparative effectiveness of chemotherapy according to COP protocols in canine large cell lymphomas
Authors: Kruchinina Victoria Sergeevna , Salautin Vladimir Vasilievich , Gorinsky Vitaly Ivanovich , Salautina Svetlana Evgenievna
Published: December 2024

The article presents data from a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of chemotherapy using Low-dose COP and High-dose COP protocols for large cell lymphoma in dogs. Both treatment regimens include the use of the drugs vincristine, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone, but differ in the frequency and dosage of the drugs. The use of chemotherapy according to the Low-dose COP protocol causes more inconveniences and difficulties, including frequent visits by the owners of the veterinary clinic, as well as the likelihood of hemorrhagic cystitis. Chemotherapy according to the High-dose COP protocol showed the best effectiveness in large-cell lymphoma in dogs, since we noted a long period of remission and relief of metastasis formation processes. In addition, when using this chemotherapy tactic, the appearance of side symptoms was not noted.
Polymorphism of beta-lactoglobulin and prolactin genes in Russian meat merino sheep and its effect on dairy productivity
Authors: Surov Alexander Ivanovich , Omarov Arslan Akhmetovich , Karpova Ekaterina Dmitrievna , Evlagina Daria Dmitrievna
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of genotyping of Russian meat merino sheep (n = 30) by productive marker genes: beta-lactoglobulin (?-LG) and prolactin (PRL). The research was performed by PCR-PDRF in the laboratory of Immunogenetics and DNA technologies of VNIIOK – branch of the North Caucasian FNAC. According to the results of the molecular genetic analysis, it was found that the polymorphism of the ?-LG and PRL genes in this sample is represented by two alleles: ?-LGA, ?-LGB and PRLA, PRLB. The absence of individuals carrying homozygous ?-LGAA and PRLAA genotypes was revealed. It was found that sheep carriers of heterozygous ?-LGАВ and PRLАВ genotypes outperformed their peers with homozygous ?-LGВB and PRLВB genotypes in milk yield, but at the same time they were inferior in fat and protein content. The variability of the dairy productivity of sheep of different genotypes in the beta-lactoglobulin and prolactin genes indicates the possibility of breeding work aimed at increasing this indicator for the above genes.
Molecular diagnostics for detection of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) using RT-PCR
Authors: Pukhaev Andrey Robertovich , Doguzova Nino Nodarovna
Published: December 2024

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is a pathogen that can cause great economic damage to agriculture. Potatoes infected with PSTVd are stunted in growth, and over time the plants become dwarf. In potato plants, the number of stems decreases, the leaves extend from the stem at right angles (symptoms of “Gothic”). The leaves become smaller and become sickle-shaped and ivy-leafed. Tubers of infected potato plants are significantly reduced in size and deformed. They acquire an elongated fusiform or pear-shaped (dumbbell-shaped) shape. The number of tubers themselves decreases. During storage, diseased tubers are often affected by various types of rot. Visual identification of diseased plants and tubers is possible only when affected by a severe strain and at later stages of disease development. Not all tubers of infected plants exhibit all or even any of the listed symptoms; the disease may be asymptomatic. Therefore, it is very important to identify the disease at an early stage. Detection of this pathogen is carried out in laboratory conditions using the PCR method. Currently, due to the lack of effective methods for treating potatoes from PSTV, PCR methods for diagnosing the viroid are of great importance to prevent its further spread. For the first time in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, molecular diagnostics of PSTVd, the causative agent of potato disease, was carried out. Detection at the early stages of infestation is of great importance to prevent crop losses.
Analysis of the genetic profile of Hereford cattle of different selections for key genes CAPNI, CAST, LEP and MSTN
Authors: Basonov Orest Antipovich , Sudakova Anastasia Vyacheslavovna , Mitkina Svetlana Yurievna
Published: December 2024

The study of the genetic structure of Hereford cattle and the identification of polymorphism of key genes associated with economically valuable traits is of great importance for the development of effective breeding programs to improve animal productivity. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the genetic characteristics of Hereford cattle with an emphasis on the key genes CAPN1, CAST, LEP and MSTN affecting meat qualities. It is shown that the Hereford breed is distinguished by a certain spectrum of genetic variants in the structure of these genes. Reliable associations of individual genotypes with growth rate, meat productivity indicators such as slaughter yield, carcass weight and beef quality were established. The results demonstrate the significant potential for using molecular genetic markers based on gene polymorphism in breeding work with Hereford cattle to improve its breeding and productive qualities. Intrabreed differences in the frequency of allelic variants in the loci of the CAPN1, CAST, LEP and MSTN genes were revealed. In loci 530 and 316 of the CAPN1 gene, the most common homozygous genotypes were CC (0.73) and GG (0.69). For the CAST gene, heterozygous genotypes CG (0.50) and AG (0.49) prevailed in loci 282 and 2959. For the LEP gene, heterozygous genotypes CT were most common in loci 528 (0.53) and 73 (0.84). For the MSTN gene (locus F94L), most animals were homozygous for the wild-type allele CC, and heterozygous genotypes CA were recorded only in single individuals. The frequency of genotypes and alleles in different age and sex groups (cows, bulls and heifers) was also assessed.
Selection of the layout scheme and power calculation of a self-propelled flax ribbon wrapper on an electric drive
Authors: Romanenko Vladislav Yurievich , Solovyov Sergey Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

The article provides a brief historical analysis of the development of electrified agricultural units. The relevance of the consideration of this issue is shown. The constructive scheme of the projected self-propelled electrified wrapper for flax ribbons is given. A block diagram has been developed showing the interaction between the electrical and mechanical elements of the flax wrapper. A list of these elements is provided. The energy calculation of the self-propelled unit was carried out. It has been established that the estimated power required for the movement of a self-propelled electrified flax ribbon wrapper is 1.33 kW. The idling power of the working bodies is 0.88kW, and the estimated working power is 1.99kW. Thus, the total design capacity of the wrapper is 3.32kW.
The effect and aftereffect of mineral fertilizers on spring soft wheat in a long-term experiment on the southern chernozem of the Povolzhye steppe zone
Authors: Pronko Viktor Vasilievich , Zhuravlev Dmitry Yurievich , Yaroshenko Tatiana Mikhailovna , Klimova Nadezhda Fedorovna , Kulikova Valentina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

In a long-term stationary experiment on the Southern Chernozem of the Volga steppe, the ninth rotation of the six-field grain-pair crop rotation is being completed. The experimental material accumulated over these years (1968 – 2023) made it possible to identify the features of the action and aftereffect of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers on spring wheat (the third field of crop rotation). It was found out that the highest grain yield increases from the direct action of fertilizers were obtained in conditions of a humidified growing season. In arid conditions, the effect of fertilizers decreased. Increasing the nitrogen dose from N60 to N80-90 was ineffective. It is also proved that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied under the previous crop (winter wheat) had a positive aftereffect on spring wheat. The amount of increases also depended on the moisture availability of the growing season. The hydrothermal conditions of May and June play an important role in the formation of the grain harvest of spring wheat in the arid chernozem steppe.
Improvement of methods of cultivation of hemp of the Central Russian ecotype
Authors: Bakulova Irina Vladimirovna , Pluzhnikova Irina Ivanovna , Kriushin Nikolai Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

The article shows the results of research for 2020-2023 on leached chernozem to improve the techniques of cultivation of a drug-free variety of cultivated hemp Nadezhda. The influence on the growth, development and productivity of the culture of seed treatment before sowing and fertilizing plants during the growing season with different methods of sowing and seeding rates (wide-row seeding method with seeding rates of 0.9 million/ha, 1.2 million/ha, 1.5 million/ha and an ordinary seeding method with seeding rates of 2.0 million/ha) was analyzed. It was found out that when sowing with a row spacing of 45 cm (wide-row sowing), the seed yield was 1.17 -1.57 t/ha, when sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm (ordinary sowing) 0.60 -1.24 t/ha. The use of non-root treatment Humate+7 increased the yield of seeds (an increase from 9.7 to 16.7%) compared with the control, regardless of the method of sowing. The oil content of the variants is high, from 31.45 to 33.02%, the effect of non-root top dressing Humate +7 is significant, the increase was 0.34-1.6%, oils from 1 hectare were collected from 0.41 - 0.52 t/ha when sowing with row spacing of 45 cm, with an ordinary sowing method 0.34 - 0.50 t/ha. The protein content in hemp seeds is 25.47% with an ordinary sowing method, 25.74% with a wide-row sowing method, thickening of sowing leads to a decrease in protein by 0.27-1.6%. With the wide-row sowing method, the seeds were large, from 17.0 to 18.29 g, with the ordinary sowing method, the mass of 1000 seeds decreased to 16.7 - 17.58 g.
Rhaponticum repens: prevalence, harmfulness, control measures (review)
Authors: Silaev Alexey Ivanovich , Polyakov Sergey Sergeevich , Dubrovin Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

Among the vast variety of weed flora, the Rhaponticum repens occupies one of the dominant positions due to its extremely high aggressiveness and harmfulness. It is shown that at present this plant is widely represented on all continents where agriculture is developed. It grows in both cultivated and uncultivated lands. It causes significant damage to crops of almost all agricultural crops, reduces yields, and depletes the soil. In addition, it is a poisonous plant that poses a threat to human and animal health. Therefore, the fight against Rhaponticum repens is one of the priority tasks of agriculture. In the historical aspect, the formation and development of techniques and methods of its suppression, including economic, agrotechnical and chemical measures, are considered.
Distribution and semiotics of follicular cysts ovaries in cows
Authors: Semivolos Alexander Mefodievich , Semivolos Sergei Aleksandrovich , Kalyuzhny Ivan Isaevich , Volodina Marina Aleksandrovna , Terentyev Andrey Anatolievich
Published: December 2024

Among dysfunctional ovarian disorders, follicular cysts are quite widespread. In 13.73% of cows, cysts of follicular origin and in 1.2% of cases of luteal origin were marked. Transrectal studies found out that follicular cysts were located mainly on the right ovary (63.15%). Of the 57 registered follicular ovarian cysts, 78.95% were single and 21,05% were multiple (multicameral). The peak of the appearance of follicular cysts was noted in July -August: 18.3  and 11.4 %, respectively. Ovarian cysts were recorded significantly less frequently in January (5.7%), November (6.2%) and December (6.3%). A clear pattern has been established between an increase in milk production and an increase in the occurrence of follicular ovarian cysts in cows.
The influence of bull fathers on the protein content in the milk of daughters of the Brown Swiss breed
Authors: Sysoinkova Diana Vyacheslavovna , Prishchep Elena Aleksandrovna , Gerasimova Alla Sergeevna
Published: December 2024

The protein-milk index is the level of energy supply to the cow and at the same time a unique scale of the energy level of the entire herd. Manufacturers that increase the mass fraction of protein in daughters' milk have been identified. Their widespread use determines the intensity of the improvement of domestic livestock in protein content. The research was carried out in a breeding reproducer for breeding brown Swiss cattle of the SEC "Suvorovsky" of the Smolensk region. The data of the primary zootechnical accounting of cows of the first calving and their mothers for 2014-2021 using the SELEX farm program are analyzed. The daughters of bulls were divided according to the protein content of their mothers (the average protein from the worst is below 3.2%, the average is 3.2-3.40%, the best is 3.41% and higher). An increase in the milk productivity of offspring in comparison with mothers, depending on the linear affiliation, was revealed. The daughters of the Meridian 90827 genealogical group and the Laddy 125640 line showed the maximum difference with the productivity of mothers in milk yield (1038, 1288 kg), in the Amur 3033 line in fat content in milk (0.44%), in the Laddy 125640 line – protein (0.3%). In the daughters of the producer bull, Fason 2655, the protein content in milk increased by 0.12%, in the daughters of Vigor 3697 – by 0.30%. Their mothers had an average protein in milk below 3.2%. Correlation coefficients in 58.3% of bulls between the protein content of daughters and their mothers are positive.
The influence of spatial heterogeneity of the properties of agricultural fields on productivity
Authors: Zhuravleva Larisa Anatolievna , Aldiab Anas , Grepchuk Yuri Nikolaevich
Published: December 2024

The use of differentiated technologies in crop production ensures maximum yield while minimizing environmental impact and significant resource savings. To optimize technological impacts, it is necessary to know the distribution of soil properties and their variability in space and time. The purpose of the work is to assess the variability of soil characteristics and the impact on crop yields. The article presents studies of the variability of soil properties, the unevenness of soil moisture during the operation of wide-range sprinkler equipment and the influence of spatial heterogeneity of properties and the use of differentiated technologies on crop yields.
Analysis of the agrophytocenoses infestation in the conditions of Saratov Zavolzhye
Authors: Sergeeva Irina Vyacheslavovna , Shevchenko Ekaterinа Nikolaevna , Ponomareva Albina Leonidovna , Letuchy Aleksandr Vadimovich , Gulina Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2024

The article presents three-year results of studies of weed infestation in spring crops of stationary crop rotation on the territory of the UNPO “Povolzhye” located in the Engels district of the Saratov region. As part of the work, a survey of a seven-field crop rotation with an area of 28 hectares was carried out using the route-reconnaissance method. The abundance of weeds in crops was assessed by eye and estimated by a six-point Drude scale. A detailed soil characteristic is presented with a description of the granulometric and chemical composition, the lowest moisture capacity and the thickness of the humus horizon. In accordance with the data from the UNPO “Povolzhye” weather station, a detailed description of the weather conditions for the growing seasons of 2021-2023 in the Engels region is provided. In the study area, 25 weeds were detected, and not a single crop was identified in the crop rotation in which all types of weeds were detected. In crops of cultivated plants, a different number of species of weeds were identified: in crops of chickpeas - 17, in crops of durum wheat - 14, in crops of millet - 13, in crops of annual sunflower - 11, in crops of common barley - 10. At the same time Amaranthus retroflexus L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) ?. L?ve, Chenopodium album L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey were noted in all crops. To determine the level of relationship between the species composition of weeds in different crop rotation, the S?rensen coefficient was used: the value of this indicator varied from 0.77 (weeds in annual sunflower and millet crops) and 0.74 (weeds in annual sunflower crops and chickpeas crops) to 0.40 (weeds of chickpeas and common barley, durum wheat and common barley). Thus, using the example of weed infestation of agricultural crops as part of a seven-field crop rotation, possible directions for changes in the species composition of weeds, which are elements of the restoration and preservation of relationships between different species in the agrophytocenosis, have been identified.
Multilocation studies of the effect translocation 4AS.4AL-7S#2S on productivity and grain quality of spring bread wheat
Authors: Sibikeev Sergey Nikolaevich , Beketova Gulnara Adiyatovna , Ilyina Tamara Fedorovna , Sergeev Valeryi Veniaminovich , Fitileva Zulfia Ernazarovna , Druzhin Alexandr Evgenievich , Andreeva Lyubov Vladimirovna
Published: December 2024

One of the problems in the breeding of bread wheat for resistance to the causative agent of leaf rust is the lack of effective resistance genes. One of these genes is the Lr28 gene transferred from Aegilops speltoides to translocation 4AS.4AL-7S#2S (Lr28- translocation). Despite its effectiveness, it is rarely used in practical breeding. The main reason for this is the lack of prebreeding studies and identification of the Lr28 translocation effect on grain yield and the bread making quality. This article presents the results of studying the agronomic value of 4AS.4AL-7S#2S translocation on  spring bread wheat line-analogous cultivar Saratovskaya 68 during 2021-2023 in four geographical locations: fields at the Institute in the breeding crop rotation of the FCAR of the South-East in Saratov, experimental farm of the FCAR of the South-East in Saratov, fields of breeding crop rotation of the Krasnokutsk breeding experimental stations branch of the FCAR of the South-East and fields of breeding crop rotation of the Ershovskaya experimental station of irrigated agriculture branch of the FCAR of the South-East. The research included the study of the elements of productivity of the main ear, yield and grain quality. The obtained data were subjected to ANOVA analysis. The results of studies on the effect of Lr28 translocation show that this translocation has either a neutral or positive effect on grain productivity. At the same time, there is a sufficient level of drought resistance. For bread wheat plants with the translocation under study, the critical period is the period of grain filling. In severe droughts during this period (GTC 0.1; 0.2; 0.5) the line with 4AS.4AL-7S#2S translocation reduces grain productivity. The line analogous C68Lr28 with Lr28 translocation did not differ for grain protein content from the cultivar- recipient Saratovskaya 68. For gluten content at all points of the research, the C68Lr28 line was on the same level as both the cultivar-recipient Saratovskaya 68 and the cultivar-standard Saratovskaya 76. According to the indicators of the alveograph (P, P/L, W), the line with 4AS.4AL-7S#2S translocation decreased elasticity (P), the ratio of elasticity to extensibility (P/L), an increase in the strength of flour (W) was noted. In terms of the volume of experimental loaves and according to the general baking assessment, the C68Lr28 line exceeded the Saratovskaya 68 recipient cultivar.
Experience of cultivating dark purple onion at the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute
Authors: Tukhvatullina Lenvera Akhnafovna , Abramova Larisa Mikhailovna
Published: December 2024

Allium atropurpureum have been studied: features of development from seeds, phenology, morphometry, reproductive activity at a young generative age. In the wild flora, it is found in Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Balkan Peninsula and Northwestern Turkey. Generative phase is reached 5–6 years after sowing. Annually blooms and fruits, seasonal development is stable, the rhythm of development is ephemeroid. The vegetation begins in the 1st–2nd decade of April. It blooms at the end of May –first half of June (23.05–12.06). Flowering lasts an average of 15 days. Fruiting occurs in July. The growing season lasts an average of 100 days. Average values of morphometric parameters during the study years: height of the stem – 56.3±7.24 cm (42.3–76.0 cm), thickness of the stem – 0.5±0.07 cm (0.3–0.6 cm); leaf length – 22.2±1.06 cm (19.4–24.5 cm), leaf width – 2.5±0.27 cm (1.8–3.1 cm); umbel diameter – 5.8±0.40 cm (4.7–6.6 cm), umbel height – 3.8±0.23 cm (3.1–4.1), flower diameter – 1.5±0.08 cm (1.3–1.6 cm). Average reproductive indicators: number of flowers is 42.6±7.67 pcs. (28.5–64.4 pcs.), number of fruits – 29.2±6.08 pcs. (19.0–46.7 pcs.), seed formation – 68.3 % (60.4–74.4 %), real seed production – 160.7±43.68 pcs, (74.0–282.2 pcs.), number of seeds in the fruit – 5.1±0.49 pcs. (3.8–5.9 pcs.), germination of the seeds – 52.0 % (38.1–59.3 %), potential seed production – 425.8±76.7 pcs. (285.0–644.2 pcs.), productivity ratio – 36.0 % (25.8–43.0 %). Reproduction is by seed and vegetative. The absolute weight of the seeds is 1.8 g, it forms an average of 20.2±1.73 pcs. (15–25 pcs.) of ratoons.
Modernization of the powertrain of the tracked skidder
Authors: Dobretsov Roman Yurievich , Chajkin Alexander Pavlovich , Voinash Sergey Aleksandrovich , Zagidullin Ramil Ravilievich , Sokolova Viktoriia Aleksandrovna , Korol Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

A way to increase the maneuverability of the chassis of a forest tracked vehicle through the use of on-board reverse gearboxes is proposed. As an example, one of the possible kinematic schemes of such a gearbox is considered. The principles of composing kinematics equations and determining the values of internal gear ratios characterizing the planetary gear mechanism are shown. It is proposed to use technologies tested in tank construction in the manufacture of such mechanisms.
Biochemical analysis of sweet pepper hybrids
Authors: Grigoreva Lyudmila Viktorovna , Al'hadzhemi Ahssan Dakhel Ridha , Nedaiborshch Julija Nikolaevna
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the results of biochemical analysis of sweet (or salad) pepper hybrids. The studies were conducted in experimental plots of the educational and research greenhouse farm “ROSHCHA” of Michurinsk State Agrarian University. The object of the study is sweet (or salad) pepper hybrids varieties such as Zvezda Vostoka (Star of the East), Knyaz' Igor', Marshal, Fel'dmarshal Suvorov and Belyy Naliv. During results analysis, standard methods for determining the biochemical composition of vegetable raw materials were used. The experimental design included three factors: sweet pepper hybrids; application of the complex water-soluble fertilizer Fertika at NPK 6.4:11:31 dose, which was compared with the control watering; two sowing dates for pepper seeds. Based on the research results, hybrids with a high amount of dry matter were identified: Marshal (41.95%), Knyaz' Igor' (41.07%), and Fel'dmarshal Suvorov (41.84%). The studied hybrids slightly exceeded the average data of the amount of total sugar and acidity of pepper fruits. The exception was Fel'dmarshal Suvorov hybrid, whose characteristics were slightly higher than that of the other variants. The application of Fertika fertilizer in the experiment increased the dry matter and sugar content in the fruits. All variants of the studied hybrids exceeded the physiological norm of ascorbic acid consumption (100 mg/day for an adult) several times. The highest content of ascorbic acid was noted during the first planting of hybrid Marshall and Belyy Naliv. When planting the crop for the second time, the indicator significantly decreased and the maximum content was noted in Fel'dmarshal Suvorov hybrid. Having also analyzed the vitamin composition of the studied hybrids, we came to the conclusion that it is recommended to grow the following sweet pepper hybrids with a high content of dry matter and biologically active substances: Marshal, Fel'dmarshal Suvorov, and Knyaz' Igor'. They are suitable for consumption both fresh and processing condition.
Management of the technological process of sunflower production
Authors: Letuchiy Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Pshentsova Anna Igorievna , Mineeva Larisa Nikolaevna , Eryushev Mikhail Vladimirovich , Bazhina Elena Vitalievna
Published: December 2024

The article examines the influence of various methods of basic tillage on sunflower yields in the Volgograd region. When cultivating crops, tillage is the main agrotechnical measure, since it has a direct effect on increasing plant yields. The result of the conducted field experience showed that the combined tillage of PSCHK-3.8 to a depth of 30–32 cm during sunflower cultivation allowed to increase yields and reduce weed infestation. The performed economic calculation allows to recommend agricultural producers to carry out combined tillage.
Variability of arabinoxylan content in anatomical parts of winter rye grain during the ripening period
Authors: Ponomareva Mira Leonidovna , Ponomarev Sergey Nikolaevich , Gilmullina Lilia Firdavisovna , Mannapova Gulnaz Suleymanovna
Published: December 2024

The accumulation of total arabinoxylans (TAX) and water soluble arabinoxylans (WSAX) in different parts of the grain was analysed in six winter rye cultivars (Tatarskaya 1, Radon, Pamyati Kunakbaeva and Ogonek, Podarok, Marusenka), three of which were high- and three low pentosans. The highest accumulation of WSAX was observed in the shells (33.49-42.78%). The maximum accumulation of WSAX was observed in the endosperm (61.9-74.3%), while in the embryo and the shells (seed coat and pericarp) the water-soluble fraction represented only one tenth of the total arabinoxylan content. A significant spatial heterogeneity of water-soluble and total AXs in morpho-structural parts of the grain was demonstrated, and statistical differences between the winter rye varieties studied were revealed, as well as a different course of their formation during grain maturation. After reaching physiological maturity, the amount of WSAX remains constant. The localisation of AXs in different grain tissues was the most important source of variation in their amount for both TAX and WSAX. The different accumulation scenario of TAX and WSAX in cereal tissues of low and high pentosans varieties is probably related to the time of their accumulation or to the activities of endogenous cereal enzymes or their inhibitors.