bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics and instabilities of falling liquid film over a non-uniformly heated inclined wavy bottom
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanghasri , Mukhopadhyay Asim
Published: July 2020

Hydrodynamics and instabilities of a thin viscous liquid film flowing down an undulated inclined plate with linear temperature variation have been investigated. Using the long-wave expansion method, a non-linear evolution equation for the development of the free surface is derived under the assumption that the bottom undulations are of moderate steepness. A normal mode approach has been considered to take into account the linear stability of the film to investigate both the spatial and temporal instabilities, while the method of multiple scales is used to obtain the Ginzburg–Landau-type worldly equation for studying the weakly non-linear stability solutions. The numerical study has been carried out in python with a newly developed library Scikit–FDif. The entire investigation is done for a general bottom profile followed by a case study with a sinusoidal topography. The case study reveals that the Marangoni effect destabilizes the film flow throughout the domain, whereas the bottom steepness ζ gives a dual effect for the linear stability. In the “uphill” portion, an increase in ζ stabilizes the flow, and in the “downhill” portion, an increase in ζ gives a destabilizing effect. Furthermore, a weakly non-linear study shows that both supercritical and subcritical solutions are possible for the system. It is noted that the unconditional stable region decreases and all the other region increases in the “downhill” portion in comparison with the “uphill” portion for a fixed set of parameters. The stability analysis of a truncated bimodal system is investigated. The spatial uniform solution of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation for sideband disturbances has also been discussed. Numerical simulation indicates that a different kind of finite-amplitude permanent wave exists. The amplitudes and the phase speeds of the wave are dependent on thermocapillary as well as the bottom steepness.
General design of 3D piecewise homogeneous illusion devices with arbitrary shapes
Authors: Yang Chengfu , Huang Ming , Yang Jingjing , Li Tinghua , Pu Tongzheng , Mao Fuchun
Published: July 2020

In this work, a general method is presented for the design of arbitrarily shaped 3D illusion devices with piecewise homogeneous parameters based on geometric divisions and linear coordinate transformations. Three illusion devices that can reshape the sizes or positions of the wrapped objects are demonstrated, namely, shrinking, amplifying, and shifting devices. The shrinking device can shrink a larger object into a smaller one with different material parameters, whereas the amplifying device can enlarge a smaller object into a larger one, and a shifting device can generate a new image with an identical size but located at a different position. In addition, based on the presented shrinking device, a perfect 3D invisibility cloak is achieved by shrinking the wrapped object to sufficiently small dimensions as compared to the operating frequency. An electromagnetic concentrator is also obtained by replacing the coated object of the amplifying device with a compression medium. The presented design approach can be easily extended to the design of other electromagnetic devices and even to other physical fields. It is believed that the presented piecewise homogeneous devices are more practicable in reality and can accelerate the potential applications of illusion devices in both military and commercial fields.
Gradient spin echo enhanced proton precession magnetometer: A novel system for field gradient measurement
Authors: Sarreshtedari Farrokh , Mahboubian Faeze , Sardari Mohammad Hadi
Published: July 2020

A gradient spin echo enhanced proton precession magnetometer is a novel system, which can measure the first order gradient of the background field in addition to the magnetic field. The system includes a conventional proton precession magnetometer equipped with a Maxwell coil pair and electronics, which allow us to conduct the gradient spin echo experiment. In the gradient spin echo process, based on the background gradient field, the switching gradient field, and the switching reversal time, the spin echo signal forms at a theoretically predictable time. The important advantage of this approach is that in contrast to conventional proton gradiometers, which measure the magnetic field difference between two different points, the gradient spin echo enhanced proton magnetometer measures the field gradient at the same position where the magnetic field is being measured. It is shown that by using this system, the background gradient field is measured with an average root mean square error of 0.02 µT/m for gradient fields in the range of −0.25 µT/m to +0.25 µT/m. By optimization of this system, the mentioned error could be significantly decreased, and the instrument could be used for many different applications.
Thermokinetic transport of dilatant/pseudoplastic fluids in a hydrophobic patterned micro-slit
Authors: Nayak A. K. , Haque A. , Weigand B. , Wereley Steve
Published: July 2020

The flow enhancement and convective heat transfer along with entropy generation analysis are studied numerically in a micro-slit with alternating hydrodynamic slip patches. The advances in molecular simulations and micro-scale experiments confirmed that the slip of fluid on the solid surfaces occurred at small scale flows and the traditional no-slip boundary conditions cannot be applicable for the flow simulation at the micro- and nano-scale. The coupled Poisson–Boltzmann–Navier–Stokes equations dealing with an external electric potential are involved for the flow enhancement and entropy generation analysis of non-Newtonian fluids in a micro-slit with periodic slips. From the finite volume simulation, it is observed that the drag force effect is very strong along the wall for the transportation and mixing of fluids. This effect is found to be minimized by imposing periodic hydrophobic slippage along the boundary. An additional pressure gradient is generated by imposing electrokinetic pumping, resulting in a higher velocity gradient in the flow direction in the presence of viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects. The results are predicted in terms of the flow enhancement factor (Ef) (which provides maximum species transport), the average heat transfer rate (Nu), and the average entropy generation due to fluid friction, heat transfer, and Joule heating effects. The advantages and disadvantages of utilizing slip conditions are discussed, which has large scale applications on drug delivery and DNA analysis and sequencing, since cell damage due to pumping will be minimized.
Development of front-end waveform digitizer for filter-fluorescer x-ray diagnostic in Shenguang laser facility
Authors: Yin Weigang , Chen Lian , Li Feng , Jin Ge
Published: July 2020

The filter-fluorescer x-ray diagnostic (FFLEX) in the Shenguang (SG) laser facility has been upgraded to infer the time-resolved behavior of hot electrons in inertial confinement fusion experiments. It significantly increases the bandwidth and anti-interference ability requirements of readout electronics. The current readout method is difficult to meet these requirements. A dedicated front-end waveform digitizer (DFWD) for the FFLEX is presented in this paper. It is very convenient to be installed in the front-end detectors of the FFLEX, and so the DFWD could be shielded as well as detectors. The test results show that it works well in the front-end environment. Compared with the existing system, the DFWD can minimize the impact of radiation on signal measurement and significantly improve the accuracy of the status and time-trend diagnosis of hot electrons.
Thermal interfaces in dynamic compression experiments
Authors: Hartsfield T. M. , La Lone B. M. , Stevens G. D. , Veeser L. R. , Dolan D. H.
Published: July 2020

Temperature is a difficult thermodynamic variable to measure in dynamic compression experiments. Optical pyrometry is a general-purpose technique for measuring temperature from a radiant surface, but that surface is often the interface between distinct materials with temperatures that vary spatially along the loading direction. This leads to a fundamental problem: how does the measured interface temperature relate to this temperature profile along the compression axis? Numerical analysis of loading history and thermal diffusion at these interfaces shows that seemingly subtle changes in experiment geometry can lead to very different temperature profiles. We compare these results to laboratory temperature measurements of shock-compressed tin.
A microcantilever of self-suspended carbon nanotube forest for material characterization and sensing applications
Authors: Hassan Mohab O. , Nojeh Alireza , Takahata Kenichi
Published: July 2020

This paper reports a laterally suspended microcantilever made entirely of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forest. The CNTs in a 1-mm-long cantilever, patterned using a post-growth microplasma technique, are preserved in their original alignment and structure, and are self-suspended only due to their entwined arrangement and internal interactions. This pure CNT forest cantilever is electrostatically actuated to characterize its resonance using a laser Doppler vibrometer, revealing a resonant frequency and quality factor of 7.95 kHz and 51.3, respectively, at room temperature. The measurement result fitted to a free vibrating microcantilever model indicates that the CNT forest, an anisotropic bulk material, has an in-plane Young's modulus of 3.8 MPa, which matches well with previously reported levels of the modulus. A preliminary test of the cantilever as a resonant-mode sensing device shows real-time temperature tracking, suggesting the device's potential for not only temperature sensing but also other sensing applications.
Direct observation of ferrimagnetic ordering in inverse Heusler alloy Mn2CoAl
Authors: Chen Zhendong , Liu Wenqing , Chen Peng , Ruan Xuezhong , Sun Jiabao , Liu Ruobai , Gao Cunxu , Du Jun , Liu Bo , Meng Hao , Zhang Rong , Xu Yongbing
Published: July 2020

Compensated ferrimagnetic Heusler compounds with high spin polarization and a low net magnetic moment are strategically important materials for spin-logic and further energy-efficient spintronic applications. However, the element-resolved magnetic ordering of these compensated ferrimagnets remains an open issue. Here, we report a direct observation of the spin and orbital moments of the B2 phase Mn2CoAl thin film using the synchrotron-based x-ray magnetic circular dichroism technique. An ferrimagnetic ordering between Mn and Co elements and a compensated-ferrimagnet-like small net magnetic moment of only 0.34 μB/f.u. were observed unambiguously in B2 Mn2CoAl. Antiparallel coupling between Mn and Co is attributed to the mixture of the Mn(B) and Al occupation in the B2 phase Mn2CoAl lattice. This work demonstrates great potential of the compensated ferrimagnetic half-metallic inverse Heusler compounds Mn2CoAl for spintronic applications.
French subject island constraint?
Authors: Winckel Elodie , Abeillé Anne
Published: July 2020

We present new experimental results (corpora and experiments) showing that extraction out of subject, compared
with extraction out of object, obeys a pragmatic constraint and not a syntactic constraint. We show how such a constraint can be
formalized in an HPSG grammar of French which views relative clauses, wh-questions and
it-clefts as different constructions.
Making the most of your applied linguistics conference experience
Authors: De Costa Peter I.
Published: July 2020

There are numerous decisions and considerations to take into
account when preparing for and attending academic conferences. This chapter
lays out these considerations, detailing a number of concrete, recommended
actions seeking to help junior scholars make the most of these important –
and sometimes stressful – events.
Fast mixed integer optimization (FMIO) for high dose rate brachytherapy
Authors: Antaki Majd , L Deufel Christopher , Enger Shirin A
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this work was to develop an efficient quadratic mixed integer programming algorithm for high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatment planning problems and integrate the algorithm into an open-source Monte Carlo based treatment planning software, RapidBrachyMCTPS. The mixed-integer algorithm yields a globally optimum solution to the dose volume histogram (DVH) based problem and, unlike other methods, is not susceptible to local minimum trapping. A hybrid linear-quadratic penalty model coupled to a mixed integer programming model was used to optimize treatment plans for 10 prostate cancer patients. Dose distributions for each dwell position were calculated with RapidBrachyMCTPS with type A uncertainties less than 0.2% in voxels within the planning target volume (PTV). The optimization process was divided into two parts. First, the data was preprocessed, in which the problem size was reduced by eliminating voxels that had negligible impact on the solution (e.g. far from the dwell position). Second, the best combination of dwell times to obtain a plan with the highest score was found. The dwell positions and dose volume constraints were used as input to a commercial mixed integer optimizer (Gurobi Optimization, Inc.). A penalty-based criterion was adopted for the scoring. The voxel-reduction technique successfully reduced the problem size by an average of 91%, without loss of quality. The preprocessing of the optimization process required on average 4 s and solving for the global maximum required on average 33 s. The total optimization time averaged 37 s, which is a substantial improvement over the ∼15 min optimization time reported in published literature. The plan quality was evaluated by evaluating dose volume metrics, including PTV D
90, rectum and bladder D
1cc
and urethra D
0.1cc
. In conclusion, fast mixed integer optimization is an order of magnitude faster than current mixed-integer approaches for solving HDR brachytherapy treatment planning problems with DVH based metrics.
Patient-specific CT calibration based on ion radiography for different detector configurations in 1H, 4He and 12C ion pencil beam scanning
Authors: Gianoli Chiara , Göppel Maximilian , Meyer Sebastian , Palaniappan Prasannakumar , Rädler Martin , Kamp Florian , Belka Claus , Riboldi Marco , Parodi Katia
Published: July 2020

The empirical conversion of the treatment planning x-ray computed tomography (CT) image to ion stopping power relative to water causes dose calculation inaccuracies in ion beam therapy. A patient-specific calibration of the CT image is enabled by the combination of an ion radiography (iRad) with the forward-projection of the empirically converted CT image along the estimated ion trajectories. This work investigated the patient-specific CT calibration for list-mode and integration-mode detector configurations, with reference to a ground truth ion CT (iCT) image. Analytical simulations of idealized carbon ion and proton trajectories in a numerical anthropomorphic phantom and realistic Monte Carlo simulations of proton, helium and carbon ion pencil beam scanning in a clinical CT image of a head-and-neck patient were considered. Controlled inaccuracy and noise levels were applied to the calibration curve and to the iRad, respectively. The impact of the selection of slices and angles of the iRads, as well as the choice of the optimization algorithm, were investigated. Accurate and robust CT calibration was obtained in analytical simulations of straight carbon ion trajectories. Analytical simulations of non-straight proton trajectories due to scattering suggested limitations for integration-mode but not for list-mode. To make the most of integration-mode, a dedicated objective function was proposed, demonstrating the desired accuracy for sufficiently high proton statistics in analytical simulations. In clinical data the inconsistencies between the iRad and the forward-projection of the ground truth iCT image were in the same order of magnitude as the applied inaccuracies (up to 5%). The accuracy of the CT calibration were within 2%–5% for integration-mode and 1%–3% for list-mode. The feasibility of successful patient-specific CT calibration depends on detector technologies and is primarily limited by these above mentioned inconsistencies that slightly penalize protons over helium and carbon ions due to larger scattering and beam spot size.
Resistivity of REBCO tapes in overcritical current regime: impact on superconducting fault current limiter modeling
Authors: Riva N , Sirois F , Lacroix C , de Sousa W T B , Dutoit B , Grilli F
Published: July 2020

A detailed knowledge of the resistivity of high-temperature superconductors in the overcritical current regime is important to achieve reliable numerical simulations of applications such as superconducting fault current limiters. We have previously shown that the combination of fast pulsed current measurements and finite element analysis allows accounting for heating effects occurring during the current pulses. We demonstrated that it is possible to retrieve the correct current and temperature dependence of the resistivity data points of the superconductor material. In this contribution, we apply this method to characterize the resistivity vs. current and temperature of commercial REBCO tapes in the overcritical current regime, between 77 and 90 K and in self-field conditions. The self-consistency of the overcritical resistivity model

ρ

O
C

(
I
,
T
)

is verified by comparing DC fault measurements with the results of numerical simulations using this model as input. We then analyze by numerical simulation to what extent using the

ρ

O
C

(
I
,
T
)

model instead of the widely used power-law model

ρ

P
W
L

(
I
,
T
)

affects the thermal and electrical performance of the tapes in the practical case of a superconducting fault current limiter. A remarkable difference is observed between the measured overcritical current resistivity model

ρ

O
C

(
I
,
T
)

and the power-law resistivity model

ρ

P
W
L

(
I
,
T
)

. In particular, the simulations using the power-law model show that the device quenches faster than with the overcritical resistivity model. This information can be used to optimize the architecture of the stabilizer in superconducting fault current limiters.
Evaluating physical changes of iron oxide nanoparticles due to surface modification with oleic acid
Authors: Rosales S , Casillas N , Topete A , Cervantes O , González G , Paz J A , Cano M E
Published: July 2020

The physical characterization of a colloidal system of superficially modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is presented. The system consists of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (OAMNP) suspended in water. A structural analysis is carried out by using standard physical techniques to determine the diameter and shape of the MNPs and also the width of the coating shell. The colloidal stability and the polydispersity index of this ferrofluid are determined by using Zeta potential measurements. Additionally, the magnetic characterization is conducted by obtaining the DC magnetization loops, and the blocking temperatures are determined according to the ZFC–FC protocol. Finally, the values of power absorption density P of the ferrofluid are estimated by using a magneto-calorimetric procedure in a wide range of magnetic field amplitude H and frequency f. The experimental results exhibit spherical-like shape of OAMNP with (20 ± 4) nm in diameter. Due to the use of coating process, the parameters of the magnetization loops and the blocking temperatures are significantly modified. Hence, while the uncoated MNPs show a blocking state of the magnetization, the OAMNP are superparamagnetic above room temperature (300 K). Furthermore, the reached dependence P versus f and P versus H of the ferrofluid with coated MNPs are clearly fitted to linear and quadratic correlations, respectively, showing their accordance with the linear response theory.
Tuning magnetic anisotropy by interfacial engineering in La2/3Sr1/3Co1 – xMnxO2.5 + δ/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/La2/3Sr1/3Co1 – xMnxO2.5 + δtrilayers*
Authors: Huang Hai-Lin , Zhu Liang , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jin-E , Han Fu-Rong , Song Jing-Hua , Chen Xiaobing , Chen Yuan-Sha , Cai Jian-Wang , Bai Xue-Dong , Hu Feng-Xia , Shen Bao-Gen , Sun J-Rong
Published: July 2020

Grouping different oxide materials with coupled charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom together to form heterostructures provides a rich playground to explore the emergent interfacial phenomena. The perovskite/brownmillerite heterostructure is particularly interesting since symmetry mismatch may produce considerable interface reconstruction and unexpected physical effects. Here, we systemically study the magnetic anisotropy of tensely strained La2/3Sr1/3Co1 – x
Mn
x
O2.5 + δ
/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/La2/3Sr1/3Co1 – x
Mn
x
O2.5 + δ
trilayers with interface structures changing from perovskite/brownmillerite type to perovskite/perovskite type. Without Mn doping, the initial La2/3Sr1/3CoO2.5 + δ
/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/La2/3Sr1/3CoO2.5 + δ
trilayer with perovskite/brownmillerite interface type exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the maximal anisotropy constant is 3.385 × 106 erg/cm3, which is more than one orders of magnitude larger than that of same strained LSMO film. By increasing the Mn doping concentration, the anisotropy constant displays monotonic reduction and even changes from perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to in-plane magnetic anisotropy, which is possible because of the reduced CoO4 tetrahedra concentration in the La2/3Sr1/3Co1 – x
Mn
x
O2.5 + δ
layers near the interface. Based on the analysis of the x-ray linear dichroism, the orbital reconstruction of Mn ions occurs at the interface of the trilayers and thus results in the controllable magnetic anisotropy.
Influence of transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn) doping on magnetism of CdS
Authors: Suo Zhongqiang , Dai Jianfeng , Gao Shanshan , Gao Haoran
Published: July 2020

The influence of transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn) doping at different distances on the magnetism of CdS is studied by using generalized gradient approximation combined with Hubbard U in the VASP package. The results show that the doping systems are more stable, easy to form, and the wurtzite structure of CdS is not changed. It is found that the systems are antiferromagnetic (AFM) when nearest neighbor doping, which is attributed to the direct charge transfers between two impurity ions. The systems are ferromagnetic (FM) when the doping distance increases further, since the double exchange interactions are observed among the 3d orbital of the transition metal, the Cd-5s and the S-3p orbitals are at conduction band minimum. We also found that the total magnetic moment of each ferromagnetic system increases with the order of SC to Mn-doping, the spin polarizability of Cr-doping system is 100%. The estimated Curie temperature indicates that the Cr- and Mn-doped CdS in this paper can achieve room-temperature ferromagnetic characteristics, especially the Cr doping is the most prominent. And TM-doping does not destroy the semiconductor characteristics of the system. Therefore, the TM-doped CdS can be used as an ideal dilute magnetic semiconductor functional material.
Does the Inion OTPSTM absorbable plating system induce higher foreign-body reaction than titanium implants? An experimental randomized comparative study in rabbits
Authors: Chalidis Byron , Kitridis Dimitrios , Savvidis Panagiotis , Papalois Apostolos , Givissis Panagiotis
Published: July 2020

Hardware removal after complete fracture healing is a laborious and traumatic procedure that bears the risks of refracture, infection, and soft tissue damage. Absorbable materials for fracture fixation have the advantage of eliminating the need for removal; however, they may stimulate a considerable inflammatory response. For that reason, we compared in a prospective randomized experimental animal model study the incidence of foreign-body reactions between Inion OTPSTM absorbable plate implants, consisting of carbon trimethylene, L-polylactic acid, and D, L-polylactic acid, and conventional titanium plates. Seventy rabbits were equally divided into two groups. Titanium (Group A) or absorbable (Group B) plates and screws were implanted in the femoral shaft of the rabbits. Wound reaction and laboratory tests including white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) values were measured and compared at different time points. Radiographs and histological analysis of tissue samples from all animals were also used to identify potential foreign-body reactions. WBC showed normal values in both groups. In Group A, ESR levels were higher at all time points but CRP values were normalized at 3 weeks postoperatively. In Group B, ESR and CRP levels reached a peak at 3 weeks and were above normal values throughout the whole experiment (p < 0.001). Radiologic examination revealed periosteal thickening and surrounding sclerosis in 23 out of 35 animals of Group B (66%). All Group A animals had normal radiographic findings. Histopathology showed a typical non-specific foreign-body reaction in all animals in Group B (100%) but none in Group A. However, only four of them (11.8%) developed non-infected wound complications and showed significantly elevated CRP and ESR values (p = 0.054). Although Inion OTPSTM Biodegradable Plating System stimulates a foreign-body reaction, only a small but not negligible percentage of almost 12% may lead to wound problems. However, this difference compared to titanium plates was of borderline not statistically significant. Future studies should focus on the development of absorbable implants with improved biocompatibility aiming to further decrease the potential of foreign-body reaction and eliminate the need for additional reoperative procedures.
NASA’s carbon monitoring system (CMS) and arctic-boreal vulnerability experiment (ABoVE) social network and community of practice
Authors: Brown Molly E , Cooper Matthew W , Griffith Peter C
Published: July 2020

The NASA Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) and Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) have been planned and funded by the NASA Earth Science Division. Both programs have a focus on engaging stakeholders and developing science useful for decision making. The resulting programs have funded significant scientific output and advancements in understanding how satellite remote sensing observations can be used to not just study how the Earth is changing, but also create data products that are of high utility to stakeholders and decisions makers. In this paper we focus on documenting thematic diversity of research themes and methods used, and how the CMS and ABoVE themes are related. We do this through developing a Correlated Topic Model on the 521 papers produced by the two programs and plotting the results in a network diagram. Through analysis of the themes in these papers, we document the relationships between researchers and institutions participating in CMS and ABoVE programs and the benefits from sustained engagement with stakeholders due to recurring funding. We note an absence of policy engagement in the papers and conclude that funded researchers need to be more ambitious and explicit in drawing the connection between their research and carbon policy implications in order to meet the stated goals of the CMS and ABoVE programs.
Reliable inkjet printing of chondrocytes and MSCs using reservoir agitation
Authors: Dudman Joseph P R , Ferreira Ana Marina , Gentile Piergiorgio , Wang Xiao , Ribeiro Ricardo Da Conceicao , Benning Matthew , Dalgarno Kenneth W
Published: July 2020

Drop-on-demand (DoD) inkjet printing has been explored for a range of applications, including those to selectively deposit cellular material, due to the high accuracy and scalability of such systems when compared with alternative bioprinting techniques. Despite this, there remain considerable limitations when handling cell suspensions due to the agglomeration and sedimentation of cells during printing, leading to a deterioration in jetting performance. The objective of this work was to design and assess the effectiveness of a custom agitation system to maintain cellular dispersion within the ink reservoir during printing. The cell printing performance of an inkjet printer was assessed with and without the use of a custom agitation system, with biological characterisation performed to characterise the impact of the agitator on cellular viability and function. Cell printing performance was retained over a 2 h printing period when incorporating an agitated reservoir, with a gradual reduction in performance observed under a non-agitated configuration. Cell assays indicated that the agitation process did not significantly affect the viability, metabolic activity or morphology of the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) or chondrocyte cell types. This study therefore provides a new methodology to increase process reliability within DoD printing platforms when jetting cellularised material.
Thioflavin T as a noncovalent reporter for a label-free, non-enzymatic, catalytic DNA amplifier
Authors: Damase Tulsi R , Islam Md Mamunul , Shipley Mason , Allen Peter B
Published: July 2020

DNA-DNA reactions can be monitored with a label-free fluorogenic reaction. Guanosine-rich, single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides bind to thioflavin-T (ThT) and enhance the fluorescence of the dye. We discovered a novel DNA sequence that produces fluorescence upon binding to ThT. We denote this oligonucleotide ThTSignal. We use ThTSignal as a label-free reporter for the activity of several designed DNA-DNA reactions (DNA circuits). The DNA circuits conditionally produce the ThTSignal oligonucleotide by association or by liberating the ThTSignal oligonucleotide from double-stranded DNA. This strategy offers label-free, cost-effective, fluorogenic detection of the molecular beacon reaction, split reporter reaction, one-step strand displacement reaction, and the entropy-driven amplifier reaction (a catalytic DNA circuit).
Electronic properties and crystal structures of double-perovskites, Ba2BiIIIBiVO6,Ba2PrBiO6, and Ba2PrSbO6: First-principles study
Authors: Nishidate Kazume , Adiko Achy , Matsukawa Michiaki , Taniguchi Haruka , Sato Arisa , Matsushita Akiyuki , Tanibayashi Satoru , Hasegawa Masayuki
Published: July 2020

In recent experiments, a significant band gap widening was observed when Sb was substituted for Bi in the double-perovskite Ba2PrBiO6. In this work, we study a series of double-perovskites, Ba2BiIIIBiVO6, Ba2PrBiO6, and Ba2PrSbO6 using the first-principles density functional theory with the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid functional to investigate the substitution effect on the structural and electronic properties. We find that the two topmost valence bands are disappeared on the substitution of PrIII for BiIII, and the two bottommost conduction bands are disappeared on the substitution of SbV for BiV, causing the significant band gap widening. Further, our calculation suggests that the Ba2PrPrBiO6 is a possible candidate as a source of the PrIV signal observed in the experiment. We find that the B-site disordering atomic configuration, Ba2
B″V
B′IIIO6, are restored to those of the original structures. On the other hand, our results also suggest the importance of the partial B-site disorder to explain the experimentally observed band gaps.
Study on the hygrothermal aging behavior and diffusion mechanism of Ti/CF/PMR polyimide composite laminates
Authors: Hu Yubing , Liu Cheng , Wang Chen , Fu Xuelong , Zhang Yanan
Published: July 2020

A series of hygrothermal aging experiments were performed on Ti/CF/PMR polyimide (TCPP) composite laminates in this work in order to verify the moisture diffusion characteristics and diffusion mechanism of the laminate. The specimens were subjected to various hygrothermal aging parameters, specifically 70 °C/95RH%, 85 °C/75RH%, 85 °C/85RH% and 90 °C/95RH%. The results illustrate that the temperature affected the diffusion rate of water molecules in the composite laminates, and the relative humidity determined the saturated moisture absorption rate. For the orthogonally laminated TCPP composite laminates, two equations have been obtained to predict the saturated moisture absorption and diffusion rate of water molecules of the prepreg layer. Additionally, the moisture absorption as a function of time has been expressed for the prepreg layer.
Corrigendum: Towards highly efficient thin-film solar cells with a graded-bandgap CZTSSe layer (2020 J. Phys. Energy 2 025004)
Authors: Ahmad Faiz , Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Anderson Tom H , Monk Peter B
Published: July 2020

Typographical errors in our recently published paper (Ahmad et al. 2020 J. Phys.: Energy
2 025004) are corrected.
Cell degradation quantification—a performance metric-based approach
Authors: Zhang Yulun , Wang Qiang , Liaw Boryann , Nagpure Shrikant C , Dufek Eric J , Dickerson Charles C
Published: July 2020

A safe and reliable battery operation needs effective diagnostic tools. A quantitative failure analysis (FA) to enable cell qualification and quantify its effectiveness for reliable and safe operation of rechargeable Li batteries (RLB) is shown here. The method can identify and quantify potential failure based on the state of charge (SOC) under any operating conditions. A precise and accurate electrochemical analytic diagnosis (eCAD) of 14 rechargeable Li || NMC-622 cells of the same build are used as an example. The FA by eCAD can quantitatively decipher good, bad and ugly cells in cycle aging. The cell qualification is based on thermodynamic SOC, not experimental conditions. The method provides a quantitative failure mode and effect analysis to reveal diverse ‘dead Li’ formation that affects the reversibility of the Li anode and charge retention in the cell. This cell qualification method highlights the potential to improve cell quality for safe operation, with strong implications for early fault detection, FA, risk mitigation, state estimation and life prediction for reliable and safe RLB operations.
Deep learning of interface structures from simulated 4D STEM data: cation intermixing vs. roughening

∗
Authors: Oxley M P , Yin J , Borodinov N , Somnath S , Ziatdinov M , Lupini A R , Jesse S , Vasudevan R K , Kalinin S V
Published: July 2020

Interface structures in complex oxides remain an active area of condensed matter physics research, largely enabled by recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Yet the nature of the STEM contrast in which the structure is projected along the given direction precludes separation of possible structural models. Here, we utilize deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) trained on simulated 4D STEM datasets to predict structural descriptors of interfaces. We focus on the widely studied interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3, using dynamical diffraction theory and leveraging high performance computing to simulate thousands of possible 4D STEM datasets to train the DCNN to learn properties of the underlying structures on which the simulations are based. We test the DCNN on simulated data and show that it is possible (with >95% accuracy) to identify a physically rough from a chemically diffuse interface and create a DCNN regression model to predict step positions. We quantify the applicability of the model to different thicknesses and the transferability of the approach. The method shown here is general and can be applied for any inverse imaging problem where forward models are present.
The Loss of Sociality Is Accompanied by Reduced Neural Investment in Mushroom Body Volume in the Sweat Bee Augochlora Pura (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Pahlke Sarah , Seid Marc A , Jaumann Sarah , Smith Adam
Published: July 2020

Social behavior has been predicted to select for increased neural investment (the social brain hypothesis) and also to select for decreased neural investment (the distributed cognition hypothesis). Here, we use two related bees, the social Augochlorella aurata (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) and the related Augochlora pura (Say), which has lost social behavior, to test the contrasting predictions of these two hypotheses in these taxa. We measured the volumes of the mushroom body (MB) calyces, a brain area shown to be important for cognition in previous studies, as well as the optic lobes and antennal lobes. We compared females at the nest foundress stage when both species are solitary so that brain development would not be influenced by social interactions. We show that the loss of sociality was accompanied by a loss in relative neural investment in the MB calyces. This is consistent with the predictions of the social brain hypothesis. Ovary size did not correlate with MB calyx volume. This is the first study to demonstrate changes in mosaic brain evolution in response to the loss of sociality.
Practical considerations in prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Smith Kelly , Krajewski Kristin C , Krajewski Michael P
Published: July 2020

Purpose

There are increasing reports in the literature of high rates of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism (VTE) among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of these abnormalities is continually evolving, but these conditions may pose a risk to patients with COVID-19 beyond the risk typically seen in critically ill patients.

There are currently no widely accepted evidence-based guidelines regarding specifics related to treatment and prevention of COVID-19–related coagulopathies. Areas of management requiring clinical equipoise include agent selection and dosing, continuation vs interruption of home oral anticoagulant therapy during hospital admission, and postdischarge VTE prophylaxis. Clinicians may wish to consider use of a stratified, 3-tiered approach of low-intensity anticoagulation, intermediate-intensity anticoagulation, and therapeutic-dose anticoagulation. Patients can be categorized by tier depending on their risk factors for VTE, acuity of illness, and laboratory values such as D-dimer level.

Conclusion

Practical guidance on anticoagulation considerations and dosing suggestions are provided to assist clinicians faced with challenging anticoagulation-related situations in caring for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 until formal evidence-based guidelines become available.
Combined Effects of Physical Behavior Compositions and Psychosocial Resources on Perceived Exertion Among Eldercare Workers
Authors: Januario Leticia Bergamin , Stevens Matthew L , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Holtermann Andreas , Karstad Kristina , Hallman David M
Published: July 2020

Objectives

High perceived physical exertion is common in eldercare workers and a strong predictor for impaired health. However, little is known on how physical behaviors at work associate with physical exertion in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the composition of physical behaviors at work is associated with perceived physical exertion in nursing home eldercare workers, and the extent to which these associations are modified by psychosocial resources.

Methods

Our population consisted of 399 female eldercare workers from 126 wards in 20 different nursing homes. We evaluated time spent in physical behaviors at work [sitting, standing still, light activities (LAs), and moderate to vigorous activities (MVAs)] using triaxial accelerometers worn, on average, for three working days. We accounted for inherent codependency between the behaviors using compositional data analysis. We used multilevel linear mixed regression models to determine associations between the behaviors and perceived exertion, measured on a numeric rating scale (0–10), and included interactions between each behavior and psychosocial resources (influence at work, social support, and quality of leadership) to determine a possible moderating effect of resources. Regression results were illustrated using isotemporal substitution.

Results

Sitting was negatively (β: −0.64; P < 0.01) while MVA was positively (β: 0.95; P = 0.02) associated with perceived exertion. According to isotemporal substitution, replacing 30 min of MVA by sitting would, for an average worker, be associated with a decrease in physical exertion by −0.14 on the 0–10 scale. Job resources marginally moderated the association between LA and exertion. Thus, among workers with low influence and low social support, we found a positive association between LA and exertion, while that was not found for workers with medium or high influence and support (interactions for influence and support: P = 0.08 and P = 0.10).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that reallocating time from MVA to sitting can mitigate perceived physical exertion in eldercare workers. More time in LA increased physical exertion only for workers with low psychosocial resources, supporting a positive effect of a better psychosocial work environment in elderly care.
Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty With the Novel Hyaluronic Acid Filler VYC-25L: Results Using a Nasal Grid Approach
Authors: Bertossi Dario , Malchiodi Luciano , Albanese Massimo , Nocini Riccardo , Nocini Pierfrancesco
Published: July 2020

Background

Nonsurgical aesthetic treatment of the nose is becoming increasingly popular. VYC-25L is a novel hyaluronic acid product with the high G’ and cohesivity required of a nasal filler.

Objectives

The authors sought to assess the safety and efficacy of VYC-25L for treatment of the nose utilizing a previously published, grid-based protocol.

Methods

This was a retrospective, single-center analysis of data from adult patients undergoing treatment of the nose with VYC-25L between February and April 2019 utilizing the grid system as the reference for injection quantity and sequencing. Specific procedures included correction of inadequate projection, deep glabella treatment, correction of a nasal hump, and adjustment of the nasolabial angle and columella. Patients were followed-up for 6 to 9 months.

Results

A total of 61 patients were included in the analysis (mean age, 32 ± 3 years; n = 45 females [74%]). At 2 weeks posttreatment, a high degree of defect correction was confirmed based on independent evaluation, with all patients scoring 9 or 10 on a 10-point visual analog scale. Fifty-nine of 61 patients (97%) self-assessed the degree of correction as “adequate.” Results were stable at 3- and 6-month follow-up visits. Complications recorded were bruising (n = 15, 25%), asymmetry (n = 2, 3%), and hematoma (n = 1, 2%). All resolved rapidly. There were no cases of infection, bumps, or skin necrosis.

Conclusions

VYC-25L is safe and efficacious for treatment of the nose, with high levels of patient satisfaction. It has potential to be a valuable tool in nonsurgical rhinoplasty.

Level of Evidence: 4
Squamous Cell Carcinoma as a Result of Likely Industrial Grade Ruptured Poly Implant Prosthèse Silicone Buttock Implants
Authors: Camacho Juan P , Obaíd Miguel , Bustos Camilo , Calderón Wilfredo , Lombardi Juan J , Subiabre Rodrigo , Guler Kenneth , Correa Francisca
Published: July 2020

The Poly Implant Prosthèse (PIP) implants were withdrawn from the market in 2010 due to the use of a nonmedical grade silicone filler. In 2012, the French medical authorities and the International Confederation of Societies of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery recommended the extraction of PIP implants. However, during the duration of this scandal, each country in the world did not agree with a uniform procedure, and this rule was not implemented in its entirety. Although laboratory test results on PIP implants were negative for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, there are many reports in the literature of several complications associated with PIP implants, including high rupture rates and the fact that they are 3 to 5 times more likely to produce local tissue reactions. On the other hand, the development of more strange and worse prognosis complications, such as the development of squamous carcinoma associated with the use of silicone implants (not necessarily related to PIP implants), is less known. To date, only 6 cases have been reported, and all are related to breast augmentation. The authors made the first report of primary gluteal squamous cell cancer related to rupture and delayed removal of PIP silicone buttock implants.

Level of Evidence: 5
The Cellular basis of loss of smell in 2019-nCoV-infected individuals
Authors: Gupta Krishan , Mohanty Sanjay Kumar , Mittal Aayushi , Kalra Siddhant , Kumar Suvendu , Mishra Tripti , Ahuja Jatin , Sengupta Debarka , Ahuja Gaurav
Published: July 2020

A prominent clinical symptom of 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is hyposmia/anosmia (decrease or loss of sense of smell), along with general symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, fever and cough. The identity of the cell lineages that underpin the infection-associated loss of olfaction could be critical for the clinical management of 2019-nCoV-infected individuals. Recent research has confirmed the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as key host-specific cellular moieties responsible for the cellular entry of the virus. Accordingly, the ongoing medical examinations and the autopsy reports of the deceased individuals indicate that organs/tissues with high expression levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and other putative viral entry-associated genes are most vulnerable to the infection. We studied if anosmia in 2019-nCoV-infected individuals can be explained by the expression patterns associated with these host-specific moieties across the known olfactory epithelial cell types, identified from a recently published single-cell expression study. Our findings underscore selective expression of these viral entry-associated genes in a subset of sustentacular cells (SUSs), Bowman’s gland cells (BGCs) and stem cells of the olfactory epithelium. Co-expression analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and protein–protein interaction among the host and viral proteins elected regulatory cytoskeleton protein-enriched SUSs as the most vulnerable cell type of the olfactory epithelium. Furthermore, expression, structural and docking analyses of ACE2 revealed the potential risk of olfactory dysfunction in four additional mammalian species, revealing an evolutionarily conserved infection susceptibility. In summary, our findings provide a plausible cellular basis for the loss of smell in 2019-nCoV-infected patients.
Proteomic and metabolomic analyses uncover sex-specific regulatory pathways in mouse fetal germline differentiation†
Authors: Hayashi Yohei , Mori Masaru , Igarashi Kaori , Tanaka Keiko , Takehara Asuka , Ito-Matsuoka Yumi , Kanai Akio , Yaegashi Nobuo , Soga Tomoyoshi , Matsui Yasuhisa
Published: July 2020

Regulatory mechanisms of germline differentiation have generally been explained via the function of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulation; however, little is known regarding proteomic and metabolomic regulation and their contribution to germ cell development. Here, we conducted integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses of fetal germ cells in mice on embryonic day (E)13.5 and E18.5 and demonstrate sex- and developmental stage-dependent changes in these processes. In male germ cells, RNA processing, translation, oxidative phosphorylation, and nucleotide synthesis are dominant in E13.5 and then decline until E18.5, which corresponds to the prolonged cell division and more enhanced hyper-transcription/translation in male primordial germ cells and their subsequent repression. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and one-carbon pathway are consistently upregulated in fetal male germ cells, suggesting their involvement in epigenetic changes preceding in males. Increased protein stability and oxidative phosphorylation during female germ cell differentiation suggests an upregulation of aerobic energy metabolism, which likely contributes to the proteostasis required for oocyte maturation in subsequent stages. The features elucidated in this study shed light on the unrevealed mechanisms of germ cell development.