bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow Around Marine Propeller: Nonlinear Theory Based on Vector Potential
Authors: Mishkevich Victor
Published: February 2022

A new nonlinear vortex model is proposed to simulate flow around an arbitrarily loaded marine propeller. It uses a continuously distributed vorticity over the blade and hub surfaces, and free vortex: sheets representing the propeller wake. The definition of "nonlinear" implies that there are both load and geometrical nonlinearities: the propeller. load is arbitrary, including static operation; and the thickness of the blades is not small if compared with chord length. As a result, the bound vortices are not perpendicular to the incoming velocity vector but orthogonal to the local vector of resultant velocity (incoming + induced velocities). As for free vorticity, its vector is collinear with the resultant velocity everywhere in the propeller wake. The second nonlinearity leads to the necessity of the distribution of vortices over the blade surface (instead of chord surface). Because vortex singularities are used, the problem is formulated in terms of a vector potential. It is shown here that an additional component of induced velocity (so-called "relative eddy" component) occurs due to the rotation of the blade system. The introduction of this term is illustrated by the example of steady-state propeller motion in an unbounded inviscid fluid.
Reduction of Propeller-Induced Hull Pressure Pulses by Means of Unconventional Propeller Profile Sections
Authors: Praefke Eckhard
Published: February 2022

This report contains the description of a propeller design procedure incorporating the design of new blade profile sections. The aim was to optimize the propeller's cavitation behavior and to lower the propeller-induced vibration excitation in the ship's aftbody without sacrificing the propeller's efficiency or weight. After having extended the design procedure, three model propellers have been designed, built, and tested. It could be verified that the design targets have been met successfully. This progress can be used either to accept more and more unfavorable ship wake distributions without the risk of producing unduely high vibration or - in the case of a favorable ship wake distribution - to maximize the propeller efficiency to a higher degree than before.
I–Thou Communication in Distant Education from the Perspective of Martin Buber’s Philosophy
Authors: Asakavičiūtė Vaida , Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė Živilė , Valantinaitė Ilona
Published: February 2022

The internet space has become one of the essential tools for ensuring continuity of higher education studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Established distance learning is based on virtual communication, which, by replacing the experience of interpersonal communication, raises many discussions about the possibilities of ensuring efficiency and improvement of distance education. The article deals with Martin Buber’s dialogue education attitudes, which have become especially relevant in the current era of the internet when the absolutisation of technologies and media poses many threats to developing interpersonal relationships and spiritual values. In the first part of the article, the relationship is discussed as the basic foundation of education. It is revealed that Buber emphasises the importance and priority of I–Thou relationship over theoretical knowledge in developing a young person. In the context of Buber’s philosophy, the second part of the article examines the problems of exclusion and alienation that arise in distance learning during virtual communication. Thus, the analysis of the article reveals the possibilities of improving distance learning in order to raise the objective, formal and instrumental I–It relationship of teachers and students to the subjective plane of I–Thou communication.
Displacement of east and south-eastern Lithuanian population in 1951–1955
Authors: Stravinskienė Vitalija
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the displacement of East and South-Eastern Lithuanian population to other regions of the country. It tries to answer the following questions: why the process of displacement was carried out in East and South-Eastern Lithuania? What were the motivation arguments of the displaced people for / against the process? And finally, what were the results of the displacement?Similar actions of displacement were organized also in other Soviet republics. In Lithuania, this process was started in the regions that in the opinion of local authorities were not suitable for agriculture, namely in Daugai, Druskininkai, Eišiškės, Pabradė, Švenčionėliai, Trakai, Varėna. In the beginning, approximately 4 600 families were planned to displace. However, notable results were reached only in 1951–1952 when more than 1 100 families were uprooted. From 1953 to 1955, the displacement of people slowed down and finally stopped.The author formulates the following conclusions:In 1951–1955, it was decided to implement the displacement of approximately 24 000 people from Eastern and South-Eastern Lithuania due to difficult economic conditions in this region (poor soil, slow process of collectivization, etc.). However, these plans were not realized in ful for objective and subjective reasons (delay in house building, poor living conditions in the new areas, the lack of manpower in displacement regions or just the reluctance of people to be displaced). Besides, this process was not very important to both the republic and local authorities.The dynamics of the displacement had two phases. In 1951–1952, the process was executed intensively because of fear to be repressed by Soviets and because of expectations to start living in better conditions. During the second phase (1953– 1955) the displacement slowed down. The reasons were the process of citizens’ returning back home, decreased attention from the government, and the more liberal political atmosphere in the USSR.In the light of the other processes of the period, the displacement was estimated as an alternative to Soviet repressions. People of East and South-Eastern Lithuania tried to avoid possible repressions and agreed to move to other living places. Ethnicity made an impact on the process, too. In 1950, Lithuanian authorities had to inform the central government in Moscow about the living conditions of local Poles, and after that they were forced to make decisions which improved the conditions of Poles in East and South-Eastern Lithuania. It was the main reason why the most “Polish” Lithuanian regions (Vilnius, Naujoji Vilnia, Nemenčinė) were not listed as displacement regions.
The resound spelling of the coincidable diphthong [ie] in Lithuanian headlines and Ƶodrodyje toie kningelieie essontiu żodiù of Epitome Historiae Sacrae published by Simonas Daukantas in 1838
Authors: Gudelienė Birutė
Published: February 2022

The usage of the special digraph type appears more various and frequent in Prasma (printed in 1837) than in Ƶodrodis (published a year later). This kind of digraph almost vanished from Daukantas’ dictionaries after 1838. Ƶodrodis is considerable to appear as a transitive work in which the type of characters such as and are used. Daukantas probably was translating Lithuanian headlines of the Publication Epitome Historiae Sacrae somewhat later, just at the same time when northern Samogitians decided to mark [ẹi] mainly by the symbol of the type.
Kinship anthroponym in the namings of the 16th century noblemen of Kaunas region
Authors: Čirūnaitė Jūratė
Published: February 2022

The documents of 1528 and 1567 illustrate that the namings of the nobility of Kaunas region have a patronymic suffix which is not always a patronym (i. e. paternal name). The document (written in 1528) includes 34 namings, 14 of which are, beyond doubt, kinship anthroponyms. The document dating back to 1567 features 6 similar cases, 2 of them being genitive patronyms, which, when used in the third anthroponymic position, present a kinship anthroponym rather than a person’s grandfather’s name. There is a single instance where a kinship anthroponym in the third anthroponymic position is recorded without a patronymic suffix. Kinship anthroponyms used in the second position in the 1528 document can be treated as the first instance of surname recordings. Three out of nine kinship anthroponyms in the names of the nobility (in the document of 1567) can be treated as surnames. There should be more surnames in this document but the standards of naming nobility representatives in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at that time did not allow that (the recording consisted of a personal name + patronymic (i. e. father’s name)), and once a kinship name (kinship anthroponym + kinship toponym) was given at the beginning of the noblemen list, the kinship anthroponym could only be included in exceptional cases. 20 kinship anthroponym counterparts could be found in the namings of the noblemen of Kaunas region (the documents of 1528 and 1567). 17 of them have counterparts in the 1690 document – they had become surnames. (We may presume that they turned into surnames in the 16th century.) It is kinship anthroponyms that are constituents of personal namings, which first turned into surnames in the index of kinship proper names of the noblemen of Kaunas region. Kinship toponyms are not used to form noblemen anthroponyms in the documents of Kaunas region dating back to 1528 and 1567.
Clauses of cause and purpose in the Lithuanian translation (1605) of Ledesma’s catechism
Authors: Judžentis Artūras
Published: February 2022

The article deals with finite subordinate clauses of cause and purpose in the Lithuanian translation (1605) of Ledesma’s catechism. The causal clauses introduced by an archaic subordinator jog are characteristic of the translation under analysis. The clauses with a new subordinator kad are considerably less common. The connective nes is used only sporadically in the translation. Its usage is motivated stylistically and it was probably influenced by the earlier Daukša’s translation. The connective kadangi used in the clauses of cause in modern Lithuanian has not been found in the translation of 1605. The anonymous translation features the prevalence of the dialectal subordinator adunt in the clauses of purpose. The connective idant originated in the dialects other than East Lithuanian and is used three times more rarely than adunt. It became a predominant subordinator in the clauses of purpose in subsequent writings of the eastern variety of old Lithuanian (e. g., in Sirvydas’ Punktai sakymų). The polyfunctional connective kad characteristic of subordinate clauses of modern Lithuanian is used in the clauses of time, condition and cause in the 1605 translation of Ledesma’s catechism. The analysis provided no evidence to conclude that it was more common in clauses of reason than in conditional ones. Furthermore, the connective kadu characteristic of the eastern variety of old Lithuanian writings is used in the clauses of time and conditional clauses in the translation under analysis only. All this seems not to support the idea of Vytautas Ambrazas, according to which connectives, which derived from the stem *ko-, first spread from clauses of time to clauses of reason and only later established their position in conditional and other types of clauses (cf. Ambrazas 2006: 476, 502); instead, it allows us to identify the trend of development of connectives from clauses of time to conditional clauses and reason clauses afterwards (as claimed by Edward Hermann, cf. 1912: 71) or from clauses of time to conditional clauses and reason clauses independently.
Classic Juozas Baltušis versus outsider Icchokas Meras
Authors: Mačianskaitė Loreta
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the paradoxes of positions in the field of literature by Lithuanian writers Icchokas Meras and Juozas Baltušis: their competition in the 1960s and exchange of the outsider and the classic roles in the restored independence era. The focus is made on the best novel of Baltušis Sakmė apie Juzą (Tale of Juza) and its similarities to the novel of Meras Ant ko laikosi pasaulis (What the World Rests Upon), which after Meras’ emigration in 1972 was removed from public libraries of Lithuania and not publicly discussed. It is assumed that the latter novel could have influenced Baltušis’ novel model and poetics, his efforts to enrich social realism with the possibilities of mythologized narrative. Comparing the two novels, their different moral basis is discussed, although the common effort of both writers to create the generalized sense is emphasized. The conclusion is that Meras’ novel belongs to the dynamic and Baltušis’ novel to the static myth model. The tale is considered as a variant of the national character expression and an example of the Lithuanian passion of persistence.
The opinions of Indian dental faculty members on harmonizing manuscript preparation and the submission guidelines of journals
Authors: Praveen Gadde , GVD Harsha , Naidu Swati G , ASD Dharani
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Authors of scholarly writing are underrepresented in discussions about improving the academic publishing system. The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of harmonizing manuscript preparation and the submission guidelines of journals by assessing the opinions of dental faculty members who worked in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1,286 participants from 16 dental schools in Andhra Pradesh was conducted from March 15, 2021 to April 15, 2021. The questionnaire addressed the participants’ demographic details and perspectives on the guidelines for manuscript preparation and the need to harmonize those guidelines with the publication process. The online questionnaire was generated using Google Forms and consisted of six dichotomous, one multiple-choice, and seven Likert scale items. Descriptive statistics were obtained.Results: Of the 894 (69.5%) dental faculty members who responded, 448 (50.1%) were not aware of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ guidelines for manuscript preparation and submission. During the manuscript revision process, 792 (95.5%) had experienced difficulty with the variation in author guidelines for each journal, especially the guidelines for formatting tables, reference style, and citation of references in-text. The idea of a standardized template for manuscript preparation and submission was supported by 800 respondents (86.7%).Conclusion: Dental faculty members in India experienced difficulty in manuscript preparation for medical journals due to the differing editorial policies among journals. Therefore, a standardized template providing uniformity in style and format is needed.
Changes in article share and growth by publisher and access type in Journal Citation Reports 2016, 2018, and 2020
Authors: Kim Sang-Jun , Park Kay Sook
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study explored changes in the journal publishing market by publisher and access type using the major journals that publish about 95% of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) articles.Methods: From JCR 2016, 2018, and 2020, a unique journal list by publisher was created in Excel and used to analyze the compound annual growth rate by pivot tables. In total, 10,953 major JCR journals were analyzed, focusing on publisher type, open access (OA) status, and mega journals (publishing over 1,000 articles per year).Results: Among the 19 publishers that published over 10,000 articles per year, in JCR 2020, six large publishers published 59.6% of the articles and 13 publishers 22.5%. The other publishers published 17.9%. Large and OA publishers increased their article share through leading mega journals, but the remaining publishers showed the opposite tendency. In JCR 2020, mega journals had a 26.5% article share and an excellent distribution in terms of the Journal Impact Factor quartile. Despite the high growth (22.6%) and share (26.0%) of OA articles, the natural growth of non-OA articles (7.3%) and total articles (10.7%) caused a rise in journal subscription fees. Articles, citations, the impact factor, and the immediacy index all increased gradually, and the compound annual growth rate of the average immediacy index was almost double than that of the average impact factor in JCR 2020.Conclusion: The influence of OA publishers has grown under the dominance of large publishers, and mega journals may substantially change the journal market. Journal stakeholders should pay attention to these changes.
Comparing the accuracy and effectiveness of Wordvice AI Proofreader to two automated editing tools and human editors
Authors: Heintz Kevin , Roh Younghoon , Lee Jonghwan
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Wordvice AI Proofreader is a recently developed web-based artificial intelligence-driven text processor that provides real-time automated proofreading and editing of user-input text. It aims to compare its accuracy and effectiveness to expert proofreading by human editors and two other popular proofreading applications—automated writing analysis tools of Google Docs, and Microsoft Word. Because this tool was primarily designed for use by academic authors to proofread their manuscript drafts, the comparison of this tool’s efficacy to other tools was intended to establish the usefulness of this particular field for these authors.Methods: We performed a comparative analysis of proofreading completed by the Wordvice AI Proofreader, by experienced human academic editors, and by two other popular proofreading applications. The number of errors accurately reported and the overall usefulness of the vocabulary suggestions was measured using a General Language Evaluation Understanding metric and open dataset comparisons.Results: In the majority of texts analyzed, the Wordvice AI Proofreader achieved performance levels at or near that of the human editors, identifying similar errors and offering comparable suggestions in the majority of sample passages. The Wordvice AI Proofreader also had higher performance and greater consistency than that of the other two proofreading applications evaluated.Conclusion: We found that the overall functionality of the Wordvice artificial intelligence proofreading tool is comparable to that of a human proofreader and equal or superior to that of two other programs with built-in automated writing evaluation proofreaders used by tens of millions of users: Google Docs and Microsoft Word.
El autor y el intérprete: una mirada contemporánea al proyecto del Biocentro para la Universidad de Frankfurt de Peter Eisenman
Authors: Fraile-Narvaez Marcelo Alejandro
Published: February 2022

El proyecto para el Biocentro de la Universidad de Frankfurt constituye uno de los proyectos más relevantes de la arquitectura contemporánea. Tomado como referente por muchos investigadores de la talla de Charles Jencks o Greg Lynn, algunos lo consideran una prueba tangible del nacimiento de un nuevo paradigma dentro de la arquitectura. Un proyecto que, aunque no construido, ha originado una cantidad proporcional tanto de defensores como de detractores, y ha dejado en el camino que sus ideas influyeran a diversas generaciones de diseñadores.

Y es precisamente en este sentido, y con la suficiente perspectiva histórica para ello, donde se hace necesaria una revisión exhaustiva de los procesos y de los actores que dieron vida al proyecto del biocentro. Un proceso complejo que, a priori, involucraba dos mundos tan contrastantes como lo son el analógico, representado por Peter Eisenman, y el digital, representado por Chris Yessios. 

A partir de estos planteamientos, este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal desentrañar la relevancia de Yessios durante el proceso proyectual que condujo al diseño del biocentro. A través de una investigación arqueológica de la arquitectura generativa, se propone demostrar que la actuación de Yessios parece superar la de mero programador informático, para transformarse, al desarrollar las herramientas y los procesos que posibilitaron su ejecución, en intérprete, pero también en coautor del proyecto.

Se busca identificar la complejidad del programa proyectual, describiendo y analizando la actuación de su autor durante el proceso de gestación de la obra, y la de su intérprete, como ejecutor de los procesos de trabajo, buscando reconocer y comprender sus propias aportaciones al propio sentido de dicha tarea. 

Finalmente, este ensayo no pretende cerrar el debate, sino aportar una nueva.
El potencial de las artes para imaginar otra educación. Aprendiendo de movimientos, posiciones y tránsitos en el caso del I. E. Pepa Colomer
Authors: Herraiz-García Fernando , De Riba Mayoral Silvia , Marchena Ricis Laura
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo invita a pensar en experiencias sobre aprender en las que la praxis artística se sumerge transversalmente dentro de un instituto-escuela, en este caso el I. E. Pepa Colomer; en primer lugar, se presenta brevemente un marco referencial que fundamenta el trabajo en esta línea, poniendo especial atención en la potencialidad de las artes para reimaginar los procesos educativos. Para ello, la noción de imaginación social propuesta por Maxine Greene (1973, 1995) ayuda a pensar las conexiones entre dos mundos aparentemente distantes (Martínez 2020), donde su conjunción permite generar espacios para la transformación y la transgresión política de la educación. De esta forma, las artes favorecen la conexión entre lo individual y lo colectivo, y habilitan capacidades agenciales (Mahlknecht 2017) tanto a estudiantes y docentes como al centro educativo en sí mismo.
En segundo lugar, planteando la necesidad de vincular la educación reglada con la sociedad y la cultura en la que se inscribe, se reflexiona en torno a las posibilidades y las tensiones de las artes para detonar modos de aprender juntas que traspasan las propias aulas y los contenidos disciplinares. Todo ello con el trabajo colaborativo de docentes del I. E. Pepa Colomer y educadoras externas vinculadas con la vida cultural de la ciudad en la que se ubica. Al respecto, la experiencia de la que damos cuenta muestra la confluencia de un proyecto artístico de centro con proyectos externos generados desde entidades culturales que invitan a imaginar modos de aprender colectivos que afectan a la vida tanto dentro como fuera de la comunidad educativa.
Imaginar con Tosquelles
Authors: Subirats Ribas Berta
Published: February 2022

En esta época en la que la Tierra tiene un diagnóstico fatal, vivimos una especie de fin del mundo: el futuro ha quedado reducido a un presente impotente y asfixiante. Hoy es necesario buscar formas de vida y de pensamiento que abran nuevos horizontes de posibilidad, y que vayan más allá de lo que se nos presenta como inapelable. El objetivo de esta investigación no es otro que el de recuperar el testigo de formas de vivir imaginativas en el ámbito terapéutico que funcionan más allá del marco de lo predecible, y entender de qué manera estas se sustentan sobre nociones filosófico-políticas concretas. En concreto, en este artículo veremos cómo Francesc Tosquelles, psicoterapeuta catalán que desarrolló su trabajo en Saint-Alban (Francia), generó un ecosistema, una comunidad de práctica, en la línea de lo que denominamos ecología de la imaginación. Su práctica ejemplifica de qué manera la imaginación es una herramienta política clave para trazar formas de vida colectiva que se distancian de lo establecido por el statu quo. Por último, el presente artículo también pretende señalar las conexiones existentes entre su obra y la de autores de su época, como Minkowski, Arendt y Benjamin, con los que compartió conceptualizaciones filosóficas en torno a las nociones de identidad y tiempo, ideas clave para la disciplina que él acuñó como psicoterapia institucional. Esta corriente concibió la terapia como la tarea colectiva de acompañar al paciente en el proceso imaginativo de tejer el tiempo pasado y el futuro para así dar lugar a la identidad.
Green Investments as Drivers of Sustainable Economic Growth in the EU Countries: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Pimonenko Tetyana , Tambovceva Tatjana , Lyulyov Oleksii , Us Yana
Published: February 2022

This article addresses sustainable economic development under the green investing impact. The authors emphasize that a favorable investment climate attracts green and socially responsible investors contributing to green economic transformation. The research aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis of green transformation to determine the main driving forces and preconditions for sustainable economic growth. The relevance of the decision of the investigated scientific problem is that the green investments contribute to the harmonization of the three main pillars of sustainable development (society, economy, and environment) under the growing burden of climate change. The research object was the EU countries. The analysis covered data from 2014 to 2019 for empirical calculation and from 2000 to 2020 for bibliometric analysis. To achieve the research goal, the study involved the scope of bibliometric and econometric tools. The findings of bibliometric analysis allowed to determine the main driving forces of the economic growth and green investments considered in the literature. The obtained results empirically confirmed and theoretically proved that strengthening and developing sustainable economic performance significantly depends on the success of the green transformation under investments growth. The authors stated the necessity to further explore green investment markets on the national levels to improve the incentive mechanism for developing a green investment market.
Different Models of Career Reinvention and Retooling in The Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Raimi Lukman
Published: February 2022

To contribute to human capital development in readiness for the Post-pandemic era, this paper discusses different models of reinvention/retooling as a resilience strategy in the face of vulnerabilities in the labour market. Using a critical literature review (CLR), this paper discusses different models of career reinvention/retooling, including the imperatives in the Post-pandemic era. At the end of the CLR, three insights emerged. First, the twelve (12) different models of career reinvention/retooling in readiness for the Post-pandemic era are task, position, knowledge, occupation, expertise, technical skills, attitude, brand/value, conceptual skills, competencies, managerial skills and entrepreneurial skills. Second, the different models of career reinvention/retooling are imperative because of environmental factors such as economic recession, pandemic/epidemic organisational downsizing, outsourcing, change management, mergers & acquisitions, the emergence of new technologies, globalisation waves, demographic shifts, climate change, migration, and disruptive business models in the labour market, among others. Third, career reinvention/retooling requires tripartite collaboration from critical stakeholders, particularly governments, employees, and business organisations. The paper concludes with policy, managerial and theoretical implications, and suggestions for future research.
Model for Evaluation of The Successful Medical Device Project
Authors: Semjonova Nadežda
Published: February 2022

General factors, determining success of the business projects, are well described both in papers and textbooks. Still, the weight and relative importance of these factors could vary significantly within the business area, moreover, in some areas, additional factors should be considered, too. The medical devices (MD) sector is a typical example: the MD market is one of the most regulated, which increases MD production costs. Another feature of the MD market is the high role of public and insurance financing. Nevertheless, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) traditionally have played a crucial role in the development of new products in the MD industry. The present paper summarizes the peculiarities of the MD market and proposes a set of parameters that could be used to estimate the success of the investment projects in the MD sector in Latvia. Besides that, the paper reviews possibilities for Latvian entrepreneurs to find financial support for implementation of medical devices projects. At the moment, Latvian Investment Development Agency and state-owned loan company ALTUM are the most promising funding sources for SMEs. On the other hand, only 13 out of 23 crediting institutions and only one leasing company out of 10 have separate programs for SMEs.
Reconsideration of the historical events of 1985 Palace of Justice siege in Colombia
Authors: Cruz Fajardo Yulli Marley
Published: February 2022

The subject of this research is the theme of violence in Colombian art as a reflection of political and social conflicts in the country. Political, economic and social problems in the history of Colombia of the XX century are closely intertwined, resulting in a complicated situation of coups d’état and terror, which affects different types of art in the country and representatives of the cultural elite. The conflict that stretches since the early XX century is reflected in the Colombian architecture and painting. It is depicted as rather conservatism and alienation from the constituency in architecture, and from the critical perspective in painting. The projects of the Palace of Justice are taken as an example of the changes in architecture. Trends in the visual arts are revealed in the works of Beatriz Gonzalez and Doris Salcedo. One of the central events in the political and social history of Colombia of the XX century – 1985 Palace of Justice siege – has found a special place in their art. The novelty of this research lies in using the comparative method of analysis. This is the first Russian-language research to draw the parallel between the architectural changes in the projects of the Palace of Justice in Bogota and the impact of the events of November 6 and 7, 1985 upon Colombian painting based on the works of the two remarkable Colombian artists. It is established that different types of art show different response to the political and social disturbances that take place in the country. This is substantiated by differentiation of the political-social order in various types of art.
A meta-analysis of the association between male dimorphism and fitness outcomes in humans
Authors: Lidborg Linda H , Cross Catharine Penelope , Boothroyd Lynda G
Published: February 2022

Humans are sexually dimorphic: men and women differ in body build and composition, craniofacial structure, and voice pitch, likely mediated in part by developmental testosterone. Sexual selection hypotheses posit that, ancestrally, more ‘masculine’ men may have acquired more mates and/or sired more viable offspring. Thus far, however, evidence for either association is unclear. Here, we meta-analyze the relationships between six masculine traits and mating/reproductive outcomes (96 studies, 474 effects, N = 177,044). Voice pitch, height, and testosterone all predicted mating; however, strength/muscularity was the strongest and only consistent predictor of both mating and reproduction. Facial masculinity and digit ratios did not significantly predict either. There was no clear evidence for any effects of masculinity on offspring viability. Our findings support arguments that strength/muscularity may be sexually selected in humans, but cast doubt regarding selection for other forms of masculinity and highlight the need to increase tests of evolutionary hypotheses outside of industrialized populations.
Pseudohypoxic HIF pathway activation dysregulates collagen structure-function in human lung fibrosis
Authors: Brereton Christopher J , Yao Liudi , Davies Elizabeth R , Zhou Yilu , Vukmirovic Milica , Bell Joseph A , Wang Siyuan , Ridley Robert A , Dean Lareb SN , Andriotis Orestis G , Conforti Franco , Brewitz Lennart , Mohammed Soran , Wallis Timothy , Tavassoli Ali , Ewing Rob M , Alzetani Aiman , Marshall Benjamin G , Fletcher Sophie V , Thurner Philipp J , Fabre Aurelie , Kaminski Naftali , Richeldi Luca , Bhaskar Atul , Schofield Christopher J , Loxham Matthew , Davies Donna E , Wang Yihua , Jones Mark G
Published: February 2022

Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening with downstream activation of mechanosensitive pathways is strongly implicated in fibrosis. We previously reported that altered collagen nanoarchitecture is a key determinant of pathogenetic ECM structure-function in human fibrosis (Jones et al., 2018). Here, through human tissue, bioinformatic and ex vivo studies we provide evidence that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway activation is a critical pathway for this process regardless of the oxygen status (pseudohypoxia). Whilst TGFβ increased the rate of fibrillar collagen synthesis, HIF pathway activation was required to dysregulate post-translational modification of fibrillar collagen, promoting pyridinoline cross-linking, altering collagen nanostructure, and increasing tissue stiffness. In vitro, knockdown of Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH), which modulates HIF activity, or oxidative stress caused pseudohypoxic HIF activation in the normal fibroblasts. By contrast, endogenous FIH activity was reduced in fibroblasts from patients with lung fibrosis in association with significantly increased normoxic HIF pathway activation. In human lung fibrosis tissue, HIF-mediated signalling was increased at sites of active fibrogenesis whilst subpopulations of human lung fibrosis mesenchymal cells had increases in both HIF and oxidative stress scores. Our data demonstrate that oxidative stress can drive pseudohypoxic HIF pathway activation which is a critical regulator of pathogenetic collagen structure-function in fibrosis.
The transcription factor Xrp1 orchestrates both reduced translation and cell competition upon defective ribosome assembly or function
Authors: Kiparaki Marianthi , Khan Chaitali , Folgado-Marco Virginia , Chuen Jacky , Moulos Panagiotis , Baker Nicholas E
Published: February 2022

Ribosomal Protein (Rp) gene haploinsufficiency affects translation rate, can lead to protein aggregation, and causes cell elimination by competition with wild type cells in mosaic tissues. We find that the modest changes in ribosomal subunit levels observed were insufficient for these effects, which all depended on the AT-hook, bZip domain protein Xrp1. Xrp1 reduced global translation through PERK-dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α. eIF2α phosphorylation was itself sufficient to enable cell competition of otherwise wild type cells, but through Xrp1 expression, not as the downstream effector of Xrp1. Unexpectedly, many other defects reducing ribosome biogenesis or function (depletion of TAF1B, eIF2, eIF4G, eIF6, eEF2, eEF1α1, or eIF5A), also increased eIF2α phosphorylation and enabled cell competition. This was also through the Xrp1 expression that was induced in these depletions. In the absence of Xrp1, translation differences between cells were not themselves sufficient to trigger cell competition. Xrp1 is shown here to be a sequence-specific transcription factor that regulates transposable elements as well as single-copy genes. Thus, Xrp1 is the master regulator that triggers multiple consequences of ribosomal stresses and is the key instigator of cell competition.
SARS-CoV2 variant-specific replicating RNA vaccines protect from disease following challenge with heterologous variants of concern
Authors: Hawman David W , Meade-White Kimberly , Archer Jacob , Leventhal Shanna S , Wilson Drew , Shaia Carl , Randall Samantha , Khandhar Amit P , Krieger Kyle , Hsiang Tien-Ying , Gale Michael , Berglund Peter , Fuller Deborah Heydenburg , Feldmann Heinz , Erasmus Jesse H
Published: February 2022

Despite mass public health efforts, the SARS-CoV2 pandemic continues as of late 2021 with resurgent case numbers in many parts of the world. The emergence of SARS-CoV2 variants of concern (VoCs) and evidence that existing vaccines that were designed to protect from the original strains of SARS-CoV-2 may have reduced potency for protection from infection against these VoC is driving continued development of second-generation vaccines that can protect against multiple VoC. In this report, we evaluated an alphavirus-based replicating RNA vaccine expressing Spike proteins from the original SARS-CoV-2 Alpha strain and recent VoCs delivered in vivo via a lipid inorganic nanoparticle. Vaccination of both mice and Syrian Golden hamsters showed that vaccination induced potent neutralizing titers against each homologous VoC but reduced neutralization against heterologous challenges. Vaccinated hamsters challenged with homologous SARS-CoV2 variants exhibited complete protection from infection. In addition, vaccinated hamsters challenged with heterologous SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibited significantly reduced shedding of infectious virus. Our data demonstrate that this vaccine platform can be updated to target emergent VoCs, elicits significant protective immunity against SARS-CoV2 variants and supports continued development of this platform.
Quantitative mapping of keratin networks in 3D
Authors: Windoffer Reinhard , Schwarz Nicole , Yoon Sungjun , Piskova Teodora , Scholkemper Michael , Stegmaier Johannes , Bönsch Andrea , Di Russo Jacopo , Leube Rudolf E
Published: February 2022

Mechanobiology requires precise quantitative information on processes taking place in specific 3D microenvironments. Connecting the abundance of microscopical, molecular, biochemical, and cell mechanical data with defined topologies has turned out to be extremely difficult. Establishing such structural and functional 3D maps needed for biophysical modeling is a particular challenge for the cytoskeleton, which consists of long and interwoven filamentous polymers coordinating subcellular processes and interactions of cells with their environment. To date, useful tools are available for the segmentation and modeling of actin filaments and microtubules but comprehensive tools for the mapping of intermediate filament organization are still lacking. In this work, we describe a workflow to model and examine the complete 3D arrangement of the keratin intermediate filament cytoskeleton in canine, murine, and human epithelial cells both, in vitro and in vivo. Numerical models are derived from confocal airyscan high-resolution 3D imaging of fluorescence-tagged keratin filaments. They are interrogated and annotated at different length scales using different modes of visualization including immersive virtual reality. In this way, information is provided on network organization at the subcellular level including mesh arrangement, density and isotropic configuration as well as details on filament morphology such as bundling, curvature, and orientation. We show that the comparison of these parameters helps to identify, in quantitative terms, similarities and differences of keratin network organization in epithelial cell types defining subcellular domains, notably basal, apical, lateral, and perinuclear systems. The described approach and the presented data are pivotal for generating mechanobiological models that can be experimentally tested.
Sociolinguistics of Youth Activism: Implications for The Future of Political Language
Authors: Fourcade Margot
Published: February 2022

From gun control reforms to climate change protests, today’s young activists have been described as ‘louder and more coordinated than [their] predecessors’ (Marris, 2019: 471). This article looks at the linguistic changes at work behind this description: how does their language make youth activists’ voices grow stronger, and how does it help them discuss, mobilise and organise their campaigns. The article begins with a comparison of the language of youth activists today and that of their predecessors, to better assess the extent and nature of these changes. It then analyses the influence of the internet and social media on the political language of contemporary youth. Finally, it considers reactions to youth activist language and reflects upon its implications on the future of political voices. This article aims to bridge the gap between existing literature in the field, which separately contrasts contemporary youth activists with their predecessors, or examines the impact of the internet and social media on their activities. We propose, instead, that focusing on the language of contemporary youth activists, as a legacy and an evolving creative process, on and offline, will provide a better understanding of their impact on the future of political language. We find a nuanced picture, where the linguistic opportunities offered by the internet and social media increase the reach and organisation of contemporary youth activists, but make them look performative and nonchalant, perhaps because they are considered in the terms of traditional politics.
Women’s Politics of Resistance in Making the Invisible Visible
Authors: Mehdaoui Djamila
Published: February 2022

This paper will endeavour to highlight an in-depth look to the sustained invisibility of the involvement of masses of women in political, historical, and social acts, exploring the philosophical mooring of women as being permanently inferior. The analysis will seek to reflect upon the impact of feminism and post colonialism within issues like the construction of the self. The two approaches will reveal how the degraded image of women is structured by male literary traditions and strengthened by their oppression exercised through patriarchal ideologies. The focus is put also on postcolonial women, who find themselves in front double pronunciation of the sounds of marginalization. This essay argues, in part, that the feminist role contributes in extending the duty of ordinary and subaltern women towards fuller understanding of the self. It also analyzes how feminists contribute to thrive their histories of writing traditions, and widening their involvement in education as a turning point enabling them for self-discovery and definition. These feminists allow their fellows notable insights into their thoughts, visions and actions to mediate their harsh status through significant ideas opposing the process of invisibility, Othering, and the dire circumstances inherent in their societies.This essay asserts further that the types of oppression that haunt women’s narrative of the self also transmits the experiences of many women around the world. However, such social stigmatization push many of them to empower each other and learn from their inherent dilemmas by inserting unique inspirations and strategies to escape approximately all figures of powerlessness.
Aberrant Origin of Obturator Artery- A Case Report
Authors: Upadhayay Parul , Hansdak Ranjeeta , Agarwal Sneh
Published: February 2022

The medial compartment of thigh is nourished by a branch from anterior division of internal iliac artery called Obturator Artery (OA). However, many studies have documented variation in the origin of the artery from other neighboring vessels. Hence, any deviation from the normal pattern should be acknowledged to prevent any injuries during herniorrhaphy or other pelvic procedures. The study was conducted on a pelvis of female cadaver of age 55 years. Length of the artery and its distance from the bifurcation of common iliac artery using the measuring tape were noted. OA was seen to be originating from the inferior epigastric artery bilaterally along with several unusual but significant branches budding from it. The case report shows variant of OA which is of academics interest to students, anatomists, radiologist, general and orthopedic surgeons. Further dissection of more number of pelvic specimens might help to assess the frequency or prevalence of the variation.
ПЛАЗМЕННАЯ СИМФОНИЯ, ИЛИ МАГНИТОГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ВОЛНЫ В КОРОНЕ СОЛНЦА, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Накаряков В.М. , Зимовец И.В. , Анфиногентов С.А.
Published: February 2022

Корона Солнца продолжает оставаться одной из наиболее загадочных областей Солнечной системы. Основной интерес к этой части атмосферы Солнца обусловлен двумя факторами. Во-первых, именно здесь происходят самые энергетически мощные явления в Солнечной системе, в том числе солнечные вспышки и выбросы массы. Во-вторых, солнечная корона – это естественная лаборатория для изучения многообразных процессов в плазменной среде. Прецизионные инструменты, с помощью которых регистрируют солнечное радиоизлучение и невидимое с поверхности Земли ультрафиолетовое и рентгеновское излучение, позволяют наблюдать в короне разнообразные волновые процессы. Эти процессы представляют собой стоячие или бегущие возмущения плазмы и магнитного поля, которое пронизывает корону. Длины наблюдаемых волн обычно превышают тысячу километров, а периоды их колебаний – одну секунду. Наблюдаемые волны относятся к нескольким разным типам, которые предсказывает теория магнитной гидродинамики (МГД). Совокупность этих волн можно представить как своеобразную «музыку», исполняемую солнечной короной. Прослушивание и анализ этой «музыки» позволяет получать крайне важную и зачастую уникальную информацию о физических свойствах плазмы солнечной короны и о протекающих в ней процессах.
The Role of Inhibitors in Ascertaining the Type of Isoenzyme of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and its Clinical Correlations
Authors: Gill Gupreet Singh , Goyal Gitanjali
Published: February 2022

Aims: To estimate the level of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in the serum and to evaluate the role of inhibitors in ascertaining the type of isoenzyme of ALP and further correlation with clinical diagnosis and other biochemical parameters of the patients.

Study Design: Cross Sectional with Diagnostic Accuracy Type

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, October 2017 to October 2018.

Methdology: 250 Patients (143 women and 107 men; age range 19-85 years) with elevated ALP level were enrolled. ALP activity was measured in the serum and isoenzymes were ascertained by using chemical inhibitors i.e. Urea, L-Phenylalanine, Guanidine Hydrochloride, and heat inactivation which inhibit ALP activity. For heat inactivation, serum was incubated at 65°C for 10 minutes. Various other biochemical parameters were estimated for the correlation.

Results: The Mean±SD of ALP level was 373±274 U/L. The percentage of inhibition by Urea, L-Phenylalanine, Guanidine hydrochloride and heat inactivation was 49.5%, 40.5%, 48.6%, and 94.0% respectively in liver disorders, 56.6%, 38.1%, 45.8%, and 89.0% in bone disorders and 29%, 41.6%, 42.8% and 95% in intestinal disorders. The percentage of inhibition in third-trimester pregnant females was 44.4%, 36.8%, 47.1%, and 36.8%, and 51.1%, 47.0%, 50.7%, and 51.2% in preeclampsia. The percentage of inhibition of the Isoenzyme of ALP was according to the type of carcinoma/lymphoma. The correlation of ascertained ALP isoenzyme with AST and ALT is highly significant (P<0.001) in patients of liver diseases. In the patients of Bone disorders the correlation of ALP isoenzyme with Calcium and Phosphorous is also significant (P=0.01 and P=0.01 respectively).

Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of this inhibition method to ascertain isoenzymes in raised ALP level was 82.45% and 66.13% respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.744 which is significant (P<0.0001).
Arylalkalamine N‐acetyltransferase‐1 acts on a secondary amine in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Zhang Lei , Tang Yu , Chen Huaqing , Zhu Xiaojing , Gong Xue , Wang Shouchuang , Luo Jie , Han Qian
Published: February 2022

Arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (aaNAT) in Aedes aegypti is primarily involved in cuticle pigmentation and formation. The reported arylalkylamine substrates are all primary amines. In this study, we report a novel substrate, a secondary amine, of Ae. aegypti aaNAT1. The recombinant aaNAT1 protein exhibited high activity to a secondary amine, epinephrine, which has not been reported for any aaNATs previously. Structure–activity relationship study demonstrated that aaNAT1 has an epinephrine‐binding site, and molecular docking and dynamic simulation showed that epinephrine is quite stable in the active cavity. Further functional studies demonstrated that epinephrine affected mosquito fecundity, egg hatching and development. The new biochemical function of aaNAT1 in metabolizing epinephrine could reduce some negative effects of the compound in the mosquito.