bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a prospective observational cohort study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Amel Beshir , Mohammed Fewzia Shikur , Zewdu Feleke Tilahun , Nigusse Shimelis Doni , Hailemichael Yohannes , Cherkose Teklu , Alemu Abebaw Yeshambel , Molla Eshetu , Bobosha Kidist , Yardley Vanessa , Mosweu Iris , Kaba Mirgissa , Pitt Catherine , Allen Elizabeth , Lambert Saba Maria , Marks Michael , Walker Stephen L. , Gadisa Endalamaw ,   SHARP collaboration
Published: December 2024

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a skin neglected tropical disease, with an estimated 40,000 new cases each year in Ethiopia. CL causes ulcers, nodules, and plaques on the skin, and in some instances the destruction of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and cartilage. Some CL lesions may heal spontaneously, whilst other lesions may require therapies which are associated with discomfort, adverse effects, prolonged treatment, and a frequent lack of a complete response. Scarring, a sequela of CL, causes permanent disfigurement and is associated with stigma linked with a reduction in health-related quality of life. The choice of treatment for CL is based upon factors including the causative species; the number, extent, size, and location of lesions; and the availability of treatments. The development of robust evidence for CL treatment is hindered by a lack of validated and appropriate outcome measures and few data to support hypothesis-generation and trial design. There is a paucity of prospective data with well-defined treatment outcomes for CL caused by L. aethiopica. Aim The overall aim of this study is to improve the understanding of the health and economic burden of CL. Methods We have designed an observational, multi-centre cohort study to examine treatment outcomes for CL in Ethiopia which includes clinical outcomes, laboratory outcomes, patient reported outcome measures, scar assessments and cost effectiveness. We aim to recruit up to 750 participants across two hospital sites. We present here the protocol for this cohort study with a 12-month follow up period for each participant. Conclusions These data will inform the design of randomized controlled trials to evaluate new treatment strategies, with appropriate economic evaluations. This will help improve evidence-based guidelines and support evidence-led policy decisions, not only in Ethiopia but also globally.
The influence of advertising and the significance of electronic marketing on the market of veterinary drugs of Ukraine
Authors: Lysyansky Serhiy
Published: December 2024

The article considers the possibility of using modern approaches to conducting business in the field of sales of veterinary drugs due to the use of innovative approaches in the marketing management system during the organization, formation, development and expansion of the enterprise. The use of elements of digital technology and e-commerce for the sale of veterinary drugs contribute to reducing costs and time spent on disseminating information about products and services, advertising, and customer feedback.
The analysis of modern approaches to advertising products of market leaders showed that social networks have become one of the most effective content marketing channels.
Marketers use them to identify the preferences of network users and to solve the tasks of placing advertisements and creating influence groups.
Attracting customers through social networks is much more economical compared to using traditional means of advertising, which explains the increasing popularity of this type of advertising among marketers. The analysis of ways of searching for products among consumers in social networks confirmed that the launch of targeted advertising is an effective way of familiarizing interested consumers with innovative products. Targeted advertising allows you to direct advertising messages to specific groups of consumers who have already shown interest in similar services or have a need for similar drugs. The launch of targeted advertising helps to increase the attention of consumers to drugs, means and services, and also creates an incentive for joint experience and exchange of information with other people.
Economic aspects of the process of development and production of brewing grains of yarago barley
Authors: Ponomarova Maryna , Derevyanko Iryna
Published: December 2024

The article defines the economic aspects of the process of development and production of grain of brewing varieties of spring barley, conducted research and study of different varieties of barley to determine their ability to form stable grain crops with brewing qualities, which is an important task for increasing the productivity of agriculture and meeting the needs of the brewing industry. This process will allow you to identify the most promising barley varieties for your region and for the production of malt and beer according to the requirements of the brewing industry. Spring barley is of great importance for Ukraine and the world grain market. It is among the top ten world leaders in terms of cultivated area and production. Increasing the yield of this crop can significantly improve agricultural productivity and provide quality raw materials for the brewing industry. The quality of the barley grain is critical for the production of malt and, accordingly, beer. The brewing industry is very demanding on raw materials, so increasing the yield and quality of this grain can ensure high-quality malt and beer. In Ukraine and the world, there is an increase in the demand for beer, which encourages the growth of production. The high yield of spring barley can contribute to this process.
Studying the productivity of different varieties in local conditions is a key stage in improving agriculture. They make it possible to determine the most effective varieties for a specific region. The presence of many local varieties developed in Ukraine can facilitate the adaptation of this crop to local conditions and contribute to stable crop cultivation in different regions of the country. On the other hand, foreign varieties can also make a valuable contribution to the cultivation of barley in Ukraine, especially if they have special qualities or characteristics that can be useful for local conditions or to meet the demand for certain types of products, such as malt or fodder. This variety of varieties is important for the development of agriculture and for ensuring the sustainability of the production of Ukrainian farmers. Depending on the conditions and the goals of economic policy, various development strategies aimed at supporting intensive or extensive economic growth can be chosen.
Signs of recognition of a problem and insolvent bank
Authors: Khodakevich Serhii , Shchehliuk Maksym , Ozadovskyi Oleksii , Stryzhak Artur
Published: December 2024

One of the most critical tasks of a bank is to ensure its viability. However, not all banks demonstrate the ability to function stably under conditions of socio-economic uncertainty, such as the Covid pandemic or wars. Consequently, banks find themselves in crisis situations and/or go bankrupt. In economic literature, there has long been a debate about the identity of the concepts of a «problem bank,» «insolvent bank,» and «bankruptcy.» However, many issues remain contentious to this day. This article aims to shed light on these problematic aspects and explore solutions considering global experience. Unlike other economic activities, banking has its own specificity linked to risks that directly affect the solvency of banks and significantly complicate the formalization of problems, insolvency, and bankruptcy. Attention is drawn to the absence of clear definitions of these concepts in legislative acts. There are only criteria for categorizing a bank into one category or another, which are grouped in the study according to certain criteria. However, the question of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) having extended powers regarding the recognition of a bank’s problematic status for other reasons is disputed. The recognition of a bank as problematic is a banking secret, unlike insolvency. In matters of recognizing a bank as problematic and regulating insolvency, administrative powers are divided between the NBU and the Deposit Guarantee Fund (FGVFO). The study presents the algorithm of actions of FGVFO when receiving a decision from the NBU to classify a bank as problematic. The presence of financial asymmetry is identified as a cause of insolvency, where insolvency is interpreted as the inability to pay debts. However, it is noted that a more critical issue should be the disruption of the bank’s operations or a deterioration in the financial condition of the banking institution, which prevents the bank from functioning as a financial intermediary. Such a situation already poses a corresponding societal threat. The procedure for recognizing insolvency is subject to certain subjectivity. In case insolvency cannot be resolved, FGVFO takes the authority to withdraw the bank from the market. Emphasis is placed on the duality of recognizing a bank as insolvent: as a measure of influence and the actual recognition of the bank’s bankruptcy situation, with the application of liquidation procedures. World experience in addressing these issues is also discussed.
A Model Recording Ultra-Weak Electromagnetic Radiation from Metals and Semiconductors
Authors:   Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology Baltiyskaya st., Moscow, Russisa, A.P Batyanov
Published: December 2024

In previous work, the question of a possible analogy of the physical
processes of generation of ultra-weak electromagnetic radiation in
biological and inorganic systems was considered [1]. The effect
of ultra-weak electromagnetic radiation (UWER) from metals and
semiconductors in a model system of light insulation of the studied
samples in a hollow resonator emitter (SGK) is shown.
Machine Learning-Driven Evaluation of Pramipexole and Aripiprazole as Augmentation Therapies in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors:   Neuroscience, Institute of Psychopathology, Rome, Italy, Filippis Rocco de , Foysal Abdullah Al ,   Computer Engineering (AI), University of Genova, Italy
Published: December 2024

Background
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) presents a significant clinical challenge, often requiring augmentation strategies.
Pramipexole and aripiprazole are two such agents used to augment antidepressant therapy. However, their comparative
efficacy remains under-researched.
Objective
This case report aims to evaluate the efficacy of pramipexole compared to aripiprazole as augmentation therapy in
treatment-resistant depression.
Methods
Two patients with TRD were treated with pramipexole or aripiprazole augmentation. Clinical assessments were conducted
using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), and the Beck
Depression Inventory (BDI) before and after the treatment.
Results
Pramipexole showed greater efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms and improving overall functioning compared to
aripiprazole. HDRS, CGI-S, and BDI scores decreased more significantly in the patient treated with pramipexole.
Conclusion
Pramipexole appears to be a more effective augmentation agent than aripiprazole in the treatment of TRD. These findings
suggest pramipexole could be considered a preferred option for managing TRD.
Self-regulated growth of galaxy sizes along the star-forming main sequence
Authors: Jain Shweta , Tacchella Sandro , Mosleh Moein
Published: December 2024

We present a systematic analysis of the spatially-resolved star formation histories (SFHs) using Hubble Space Telescope imaging data of ∼997, intermediate redshifts 0.5≤z≤2.0 galaxies from GOODS-S field, with stellar mass range 9.8≤logM⋆/M⊙≤11.5. We estimate the SFHs in three spatial regions (central region within the half-mass radii R50s, outskirts between 1−3R50s, and the whole galaxy) using pixel-by-pixel spectral-energy distribution (SED) fitting, assuming exponentially declining tau model in individual pixels. The reconstructed SFHs are then used to derive and compare the physical properties such as specific star-formation rates (sSFRs), mass-weighted ages (t 50), and the half mass-radii to get insights on the interplay between the structure and star-formation in galaxies. The correlation of sSFRs ratio of the centre and outskirts with the distance from the main sequence (MS) indicates that galaxies on the upper envelope of the MS tend to grow outside-in, building up their central regions, while those below the MS grow inside-out, with more active star-formation in the outskirts. The findings suggest a self-regulating process in galaxy size growth when they evolve along the MS. Our observations are consistent with galaxies growing their inner bulge and outer disc regions, where they appear to oscillate about the average MS in cycles of central gas compaction, which leads to bulge growth, and subsequent central depletion possibly due to feedback from the starburst resulting in more star formation towards the outskirts from newly accreted gas.
Substantiation of the Parameters of Nature-like Technical Systems for Intra-soil Treatment of Horticultural Plantings
Authors:   FGBNU FNATS VIM, Fedorenko V.F.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of the study and substantiation of the innovative nature-like physical principles and parameters of technical systems implemented in accordance with modern concepts of plant physiology, production processes in horticulture, based on the concept of symbiosis of plants and soil microorganisms, the paradigm of creating optimal conditions for the preservation and development of the biocenoses formed in the root layers of the soil due to subsoil treatment, loosening, aeration with pulses of compressed air by immersing pneumatic hydrodrills into the soil, subsequent irrigation, application of fertilizers and hydrogel.
Results of Experimental Studies of a Disk Working Body in a Soil Channel
Authors:   Kazan State Agrarian University, Yarullin F.F. , byatov R.I. ,   Kazan State Agrarian University, Abdullin R.F. ,   Kazan State Agrarian University, Khaziev A.A. ,   Kazan State Agrarian University
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of experimental studies of a rotary disk soil-cultivating working body in a soil channel which revealed the dependences of the draught resistance of the disk working body on the angle of attack, the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation to the horizon and the depth of soil cultivation. The optimal (providing minimum draught resistance) values of the angle of attack and the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation to the horizon were determined.
¿Cuál debe ser la finalidad de una ley de defensa de la libre competencia?: A propósito de lo establecido en la Ley Orgánica de Regulación y Control del Poder de Mercado del Ecuador
Authors: Gómez-Apac Hugo
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo toma postura sobre cuál debería ser la finalidad de una ley de defensa de la libre competencia, que es proteger el proceso competitivo (y no a los competidores) debido a que este genera eficiencias económicas en el mercado que mejoran el bienestar de los consumidores. Asimismo, se analiza el objetivo de la ley de competencia del Ecuador, la cual, luego de haber sido modificada el año 2023, establece que su propósito es la protección del bienestar general a través de la eficiencia económica.
La imperiosa necesidad de un Código Contencioso Administrativo en Ecuador
Authors: Villacreses-Valle Jaime Andrés
Published: December 2024

En el presente trabajo se expone el origen del contencioso administrativo, objetivo de su creación, principios que informan al proceso, destacar su especialidad por los temas que se conocen y resuelven, revisar cómo se debe garantizar la tutela judicial efectiva, la tendencia de abandonar la jurisdicción revisora del acto administrativo hacia la justicia plenaria y universal o justicia protectora y la regulación del contencioso administrativo en el Ecuador y qué debe considerarse para la promulgación de un Código Contencioso Administrativo.
Service life of buildings subject to carbonation-induced corrosion in Hong Kong: field investigation, case studies and recommendations
Authors: Chen Lijie , Zhong Ying , Zhang Yi , Su Ray Kai Leung
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the service life modelling of Hong Kong buildings subject to carbonation-induced corrosion. The provisions on the design parameters of carbonation-induced corrosion in Hong Kong standards at different periods are summarised. Data from field investigations concerning carbonation-induced corrosion are presented, including in relation to cover thickness, cement content, chloride content, carbonation coefficient and deterioration state. Two case studies concerning residual service life modelling and performance-based service life design are presented using practical equations proposed by a novel service life model, CECP-SAM. To achieve service lives of 50 years and 75 years, deemed-to-satisfy limitations on design parameters, considering the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), are provided. The results indicate a decreasing year-on-year trend in the carbonation coefficients of existing buildings. It is unnecessary to consider the chloride effect for the internal components of buildings constructed after 1965. Rather, additional attention should be paid to carbonation-induced corrosion, especially in old buildings with a high water/cementitious ratio and new buildings with PFA and GGBS substitutions.
Propágulos de Mangue Vermelho: Solução baseada na natureza (SbN) para a recuperação de manguezais da ilha de Cotijuba, Pará, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Palmira Francisca Gonçalves , Botelho Isabelle Cristine da Silva Sousa , Mattos Josiane da Silva Sousa
Published: December 2024

Os manguezais desempenham um papel vital para o meio ambiente e para as comunidades costeiras, funcionando como barreiras naturais contra a erosão e promovendo serviços ecossistêmicos. Na ilha de Cotijuba, o processo de erosão é agravado pela remoção da vegetação nativa, exigindo medidas eficientes para conter o avanço dessa degradação. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o potencial dos propágulos de Rhizophora mangle (mangue vermelho) como uma Solução Baseada na Natureza – SbN para conter a erosão, recuperar as áreas degradadas e proteger o modo de vida local, a partir de um projeto desenvolvido em duas comunidades rurais da ilha. Esse projeto vem sendo desenvolvido com o envolvimento dos moradores, em um esforço coletivo inspirado na Ciência Cidadã, no qual dois grupos de 35 participantes coletaram e plantaram mais de mil propágulos em áreas críticas dessas comunidades. Os resultados do monitoramento regular revelaram uma taxa de sobrevivência de 97% atribuída à adaptação natural das estruturas, à resistência dos manguezais e à riqueza de nutrientes do estuário. Apesar disso, observou-se crescimento desigual das plantas, sendo importante o uso de viveiros de mudas e o aprimoramento dos indicadores de monitoramento para maximizar o sucesso do projeto. Concluiu-se que, além do potencial da espécie em recuperar as áreas degradadas, o projeto a educação ambiental dos participantes. No entanto, o futuro da iniciativa depende do contínuo apoio e financiamento para qualificar o monitoramento, expandir e replicar essas soluções em outras áreas igualmente ameaçadas da ilha.
A prática de atividades físicas como suporte terapêutico em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Pacheco Nathalia Cassiane dos Santos , Carmo Paula Rebeca Costa do , Barbosa Gleiser Barroso , Viana Joaquim Albuquerque , Boaventura Alessandra Bárbara César de Freitas
Published: December 2024

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma condição do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizada por dificuldades na comunicação social e pela presença de padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamento e interesses, com ampla variabilidade em gravidade e manifestações clínicas. Por sua vez, o exercício físico desempenha um papel essencial na promoção da saúde, contribuindo para o bem-estar físico e mental, além de prevenir doenças crônicas. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do exercício físico no tratamento dos sintomas do TEA em pacientes pediátricos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, analisando artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2024, disponíveis nas bases de dados SciELO, BVS, PubMed e EBSCOhost. No total, foram incluídos sete estudos na revisão. Esses ensaios evidenciaram benefícios das atividades físicas no perfil metabólico, na função executiva, nas habilidades motoras, na qualidade do sono e na função cognitiva das crianças com TEA. Os resultados apontam uma influência positiva de diferentes modalidades de exercício físico sobre os déficits psicomotores associados ao transtorno. Contudo, o pequeno tamanho das amostras e as limitações na descrição dos métodos de randomização representam obstáculos à confiabilidade dos achados, ressaltando a necessidade de estudos futuros com amostras mais robustas.
Developing Student Teachers’ Innovative Minds as a Tool for Enhancing the Art of Teaching
Authors: Mwamakula Frank
Published: December 2024

Teaching is a multifaceted activity dependent on many variances. Developing teachers’ innovation, competences and creativity take a vital position for effective teaching. On the contrary, limited investment on innovative teaching would harm the young generation by producing dormant and inactive learners. Such individuals would be unable to cope with and manage the knowledge learning and application in digital era. Failure to embrace innovation in education would also produce students with inability to tackle challenges in their future workplaces and insufficient skills to adapt diverse situations in life. This systematic review study explored how teacher educators develop student teachers’ innovative minds as a tool for enhancing the art of teaching. The study reviewed thirty (30) articles published within recent ten (10) years (2013-2023). The findings show that in the digitalized 21st century’s teaching and learning, innovation takes an important role of turning classrooms into mind operating industries to be implemented in daily practices. Innovative teaching works as a tool for developing the 4Cs - critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity for sustainable professional development. Teacher educators in teacher training colleges and universities are charged with the responsibility of developing and nurturing student teachers’ innovative teaching. In learning to teach, student teachers need to be equipped with innovative minds considerate to teaching as a complex-dynamic process. Teachers are heterogeneous and their art of teaching is unique, flexible and dependent on own set of professional learning, practices and operation of things, behaviour, judgements and experiences. Innovative teaching responds to the nature of learners, teaching and learning environment, validity and applicability of the content to learners and entire community. Thus, the study is a tool for teacher educators, teachers and student teachers to develop and implement creative or innovative competences in their classes. The study has implications on refinement of teacher training curricula to incorporate continuing innovative inputs to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Also, training of active student teachers with inquisitive minds, life-long motivation, commitment, and well-informed to deliver efficient learning outcomes.
The Multi-Level Perspective on Sustainability Transitions: Background, overview, and current research topics
Authors: Geels Frank
Published: December 2024

This chapter describes the conceptual backgrounds, current debates, and future research topics with regard to the Multi-Level Perspective, which is one of the central frameworks in sustainability transitions research. It shows how the MLP spans multiple social science dichotomies (e.g., stability-change, agency-structure, behaviour-technology) by combining insights from evolutionary economics, sociology of innovation, and (neo)institutional theory. It describes the MLP’s three analytical levels (radical niche-innovations, incumbent socio-technical systems, exogenous landscape developments) and how these interact through four different phases (experimentation, stabilisation, diffusion, institutionalisation). The conceptual ideas are empirically illustrated with an empirical case study of the German electricity transition (1986-2022). The chapter also describes further thematic developments such as the articulation of four kinds of socio-technical transition pathways (substitution, transformation, reconfiguration, and de-alignment and re-alignment) and the elaboration of various actor roles and agentic processes across different dimensions. The chapter ends by identifying seven current research topics: 1) niche-regime interaction, 2) regime destabilisation, decline, and phase-out, 3) diffusion and acceleration, 4) multi-system interaction, 5) whole system reconfiguration, 6) incumbent reorientation, 7) trade-offs between the speed and depth of change.
Explorative transition governance: Understanding by engaging in transitions in the making
Authors: Hebinck Aniek , Loorbach Derk
Published: December 2024

Transition governance, a field within sustainability transitions research, explores how societal transitions can be accelerated towards just and sustainable futures. This chapter presents the explorative and engaged approach to transition governance, which supports societal actors in navigating the complex and uncertain dynamics of ‘transitions in the making.’ A key feature of explorative transition governance is the interplay between analytical and action-oriented, transdisciplinary approaches. The chapter begins by outlining the background and diversity of analytical approaches to understanding how actors interact within transition dynamics, ranging from strategies of resistance to strategies for transformation. It introduces the X-curve framework, an analytical tool that enables identification of the actors and roles required in the twin dynamics of build-up and phase-out. Followed by introduction of the transformative and transdisciplinary approaches that have emerged under the umbrella term Transition Management: a cyclical approach based on strategic, tactical, operational and reflexive activities for social learning in applied multi-actor settings. These include transition arenas, reflexive monitoring, back-casting and transition experiments. Finally, the chapter reflects on the challenges and opportunities for advancing explorative transition governance amidst growing resistance to and need for transformative change.
Measures and Technologies for a Low-Carbon Zambian Energy System
Authors: Chitandula Albert , Abuzayed Anas , Nyoni Kumbuso Joshua , Solà Vilalta Albert , Maliye Ruth L , Kabala Edna , Cheelo Caesar
Published: December 2024

This report delves into the essential technologies and strategies that Zambia can adopt to transition towards a sustainable, low-carbon energy future. It is the second in a series of three reports and explores the intersection of technology, policy, and investment, providing a roadmap for reducing emissions while maintaining economic growth and improving energy security. The report acknowledges the significant challenges that lie ahead. Financing remains a major barrier, with limited access to capital for large-scale renewable projects and carbon removal initiatives. Additionally, the technical capacity to implement and maintain new technologies is still developing, requiring targeted training and knowledge transfer initiatives. With the right mix of policy incentives, technological investments, and international collaboration, Zambia could potentially position itself as a leader in low-carbon development within the region, while simultaneously achieving its climate goals and improving energy security.
Towards a critical study of temporalities in sustainability transitions: speed, duration, acceleration, and timescapes
Authors: Delina Laurence
Published: December 2024

Accelerating sustainability transitions is essential for tackling complex sustainability challenges, particularly in light of the ambitious climate targets set by the 2015 Paris Agreement. This chapter explores the multifaceted relationship between time and sociotechnical change within sustainability transitions, highlighting the urgent need for immediate action across energy systems, agriculture, and manufacturing to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. The analysis demonstrates that accelerating transitions not only addresses climate change but also fosters innovation, social equity, and economic resilience. However, the implications of time—characterised by pace, speed, and acceleration—demand critical examination, as they can lead to unequal resource allocation and the marginalisation of vulnerable populations. The chapter discusses how different stakeholders advocate for varying timescales and technologies based on their interests, underscoring the political nature of sustainability transitions. It also introduces the concept of timescapes, which reflects the dynamic interplay of temporal dimensions that influence transition processes. Furthermore, the chapter reviews historical energy transitions to illustrate the complexities of speed, duration, and acceleration, emphasising the need for interdisciplinary approaches to understand these temporalities. By addressing the political underpinnings and social dynamics of sustainability transitions, the chapter aims to foster transparency, equity, and justice in climate action. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on the integration of diverse methodologies and the critical examination of temporal frameworks within sustainability transition studies, ultimately contributing to more effective and inclusive policies for sustainable futures.
Multi-system dynamics in sustainability transitions: Introduction and outlook
Authors: Dahl Andersen Allan , Markard Jochen
Published: December 2024

Although it is well-known that major technological change can impact multiple socio-technical systems and their patterns of interaction, the issue of multi-system dynamics in transitions has until recently not attracted much attention. For new sustainability transition phenomena such as decarbonization efforts across various systems or circular economy initiatives that involve entire value chains, it is vital to better understand the ways, in which multiple systems interact and shape each other’s transitions. The goal of this chapter is to provide overview and orientation for a rapidly emerging topic by taking stock of the current state of knowledge. We review contributions from three main conceptual frameworks in transition studies: the technological innovation systems approach, the multi-level perspective, and deep transitions. On that basis, we discuss similarities, differences, and open issues to identify a future research agenda for the emerging area of multi-system dynamics in transitions.
Influence of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices (IYCF) on Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-59 Months in Moheshkhali, Cox’sbazar, Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Masum M Abdullah Al , Ahmed Taslima , Islam Dilshad , Zohra Sadia Tuz
Published: December 2024

Background: This study addresses the critical issue of malnutrition among under-five children in Moheshkhali, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Despite the alarming rates of stunting, wasting, and underweight in this region, there is a significant lack of localized data on socioeconomic factors, IYCF practices, and overall health status. Understanding these variables is essential for developing effective interventions. Methods: The research involved a cross-sectional study design, where anthropometric measurements were conducted to assess the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months. Maternal education, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were also evaluated to explore their impacts on child nutrition. Data were analyzed using standard statistical methods to draw correlations and identify trends. Results: The findings revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children, with notable gender disparities in stunting and underweight. The analysis indicated a strong relationship between maternal health indicators—particularly BMI—and child nutritional outcomes. Moreover, inadequate adherence to IYCF practices was observed, with many mothers failing to implement optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding strategies. Conclusion: The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at improving maternal education and IYCF practices in Moheshkhali. A multi-sectoral approach involving government and non-government organizations is essential to address the malnutrition crisis effectively. Investing in preventive measures and promoting healthy feeding practices are crucial for ensuring the well-being of both mothers and their children.
EL SISTEMA JURÍDICO CASTELLANO Y SU TRANSFORMACIÓN EN LA EDAD MODERNA TEMPRANA: UN ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO APROXIMATIVO
Authors: Restrepo Zapata Juan David
Published: December 2024

Durante la Edad Moderna temprana, la Corona de Castilla, inextricablemente vinculada al proceso de la Reconquista de la península ibérica y al descubrimiento de América, se enfrentó a múltiples desafíos, entre ellos, la formalización de un gobierno imperial, el surgimiento de la vertiente protestante y las tensiones con el Reino de Francia. Este contexto histórico planteó la necesidad de establecer un sistema jurídico que se adaptara tanto a las demandas de la Corona, a las de sus súbditos y a la de los nativos americanos. Para abordar este desafío, la Corona de Castilla emprendió la transformación del derecho peninsular medieval, previamente centrado en las Siete Partidas de Alfonso X, y configuró su sistema y aparato institucional hacia un modelo de monarquía poliédrica. Este artículo se propone analizar, desde una perspectiva hermenéutico-explicativa, los recursos utilizados por la Corona para legitimar su presencia en el globo, así como las permanencias y cambios implementados en el derecho para administrar territorios con nuevas dificultades y características particulares en el contexto conocido hasta entonces.
The study of halogen effect on the reactivity of the serine-targeting covalent warheads
Authors: Gai Conghao , Zhang Ya , Zhang Shihao , Hu Xueyan , Song Yun-Qing , Zhuang Xiaoyu , Chai Xiaoyun , Zou Yan , Ge Guang-Bo , Zhao Qingjie
Published: December 2024

Halogens favorably contributes to the drug potency and metabolic stability via electrostatic interactions. Herein, the halogen effects on the reactivity of the halogenated 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenones as serine-targeting covalent warheads were investigated. Our results showed that introducing halogen atoms, especially Cl or Br, into the phenyl scaffold would influence the electron density around the ring, which led to different time-dependent inhibition response to the target serine hydrolase (hCES1A). Co-crystallography analysis not only verified that halogenated molecules preferred to form covalent adducts, but also provided the conformational information for the design of covalent inhibitors targeting to hCES1A protein for the treatment of drug-induced acute enteritis.
Traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular disease: efficacy and safety
Authors: Lin Youwei , Han Yuanshan , Wang Yuhong
Published: December 2024

In China and other Asian nations, traditional medicine has long been utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). While Chinese authorities have incorporated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment experiences as a supplementary guide for CVD, its international recognition remains limited due to a scarcity of high-quality and reliable randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evidence. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical outcomes with TCM for CVD after the recent publication of large trials adding >20,000 individuals to the published data. Here, we systematically reviewed 55 published RCTs (modified Jadad scores > 4) in the past 20 years, involving a total of 36,261 patients. In most studies, TCM has been associated with significant improvements in alternative endpoints such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure. A total of 19 trials reported on primary outcomes such as cardiovascular events and death events. During the follow-up period, some Chinese patent medicines can effectively reduce the “hard” endpoints of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, the overall trend of cardiovascular outcomes is lower. The risk of adverse effects was not significantly increased compared to the control group, suggesting its potential as an alternative approach for primary and secondary prevention of CVD based on the available evidence.
Correlation between admission blood glucose, fibrinogen, and slow blood flow during primary PCI for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Zufei Wu , Wentao Su , Chen Shi , Xu Bai Da , Zong Gang Jun , Wu Gang-Yong
Published: December 2024

Backgroud

Coronary slow flow (CSF) is a common phenomenon of coronary microcirculation dysfunction, and is closely related to elevated blood glucose and fibrinogen (FIB) levels. However, whether immediate blood glucose and FIB levels affect coronary blood flow during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear.

Objective

To explore the correlation between admission blood glucose (ABG), fibrinogen (FIB) and slow blood flow during primary PCI for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

A total of 497 patients who underwent coronary angiography in the cardiology department of the 904th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force from December 2018 to December 2022 due to STEMI were selected consecutively, and then were divided into two groups based on whether slow blood flow occurred during primary PCI: slow blood flow group (n = 117) and control group (n = 380). Detecting the ABG, FIB and other indicators of patients in each group, and using logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to analyze independent risk factors for slow blood flow during primary PCI, and further evaluating the prognosis of patients.

Results

The levels of ABG and FIB in patients with slow blood flow were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that FIB and ABG were independent risk factors for slow blood flow during primary PCI (both P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that ABG, FIB, and their combination all had predictive value for slow blood flow during primary PCI (all P < 0.05), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the combined indicator was higher than that of any single indicator, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). KM curve analysis suggested that the prognosis of patients in slow blood flow group were poor.

Conclusion

Both elevated ABG and FIB could predict slow blood flow during primary PCI, and the diagnostic value of the combined indicator was superior to that of any single indicator, which could be used for the evaluation of slow blood flow during primary PCI, so as to evaluate the prognosis of patients with STEMI.
Analysis of genetic sandbodies and coal seams with coal-bearing of Middle-Lower Jurassic in the Junggar Basin
Authors: Zongquan Yao , Wei Wang , Yong Wang , Zongrui Xie , Xingtao Yang , Fan Yang , Qihao Zhou
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The sediment genetic mechanisms have always been an important branch of the “source-sink” system, and it is also a research hotspot.

Methods

Conglomerate, sandstone, and coal are developed of Middle-Lower Jurassic in the Junggar Basin, and the genetic mechanism is not clear, which restricts further exploration of oilfield. Based on the core carefully, test data, and outcrop sections, Badaowan and Xishanyao formations are analyzed.

Results

Five types of conglomerate lithofacies and sandstone lithofacies, two kinds of mudstone lithofacies, and one type of coal are identified. Based on the structural-genetic mechanism, the debris flow and traction current with conglomerate are developed, and a method of the semi-quantitative identifying index is proposed based on the sedimentary sequence of lithological characteristics, MPS/BTh, and grain size characteristics as the identification criteria. Depending on fluvio-delta, the genetic bodies of the distribution channel, subaqueous distribution channel, mouth bar, braided channel, and overbank sandstone are divided.

Discussion

By integrating structural, paleoclimatic, and sedimentary environment, it was observed that coal in the Badaowan Formation has the characteristics of continuous and stable distribution of thick layers, whereas multiple sets of discontinuous and instable distribution are observed in the in Xishanyao Formation. Finally, the filling model is established, and the superposition and distribution of sandbodies are clarified.
Malaria parasite burden and heterogeneity of risk factors among Central African Republic refugees: a cross-sectional study in the Gado-Badzere refugee camp in Eastern Cameroon
Authors: Nematchoua Weyou Zidedine , Djemna Djieyep Felicite , Ning Teh Rene , Lontsi-Demano Michel , Dieng Cheikh Cambel , Bamou Roland , Lo Eugenia , Kuokuo Kimbi Helen , Ule Ngole Sumbele Irene
Published: December 2024

Background

Refugees are vulnerable populations especially in malaria endemic areas where the disease claims many lives and constitutes an emerging challenge for humanitarian response. This study assessed how the influx and settlement of Central African Republic (CAR) refugees influences malaria burden in the Gado-Badzere refugee camp, Eastern Cameroon.

Methods

A cross-sectional malariometric survey was conducted between November 2022 and October 2023 in 324 households comprising 1,304 individuals aged 1 month and above. Malaria parasite burden was determined using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and Giemsa-stained microscopy. Demographic characteristics, malaria risk factors, treatment-seeking behaviors and costs to cure malaria were assessed using semi-structured questionnaires.

Results

Of the 1,304 participants, 525 (40.3%) were malaria parasite positive with moderate geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) of 1100 parasites/μl of blood. Plasmodium falciparum was the main species (99.8%), with mixed P. vivax infections (0.2%). Insecticide treated net (ITN) ownership was 53.7%, but its utilization was significantly low (22.4%) (P < 0.001). Reason for no ITN ownership was net damaged (74.7%). Net insufficiency (77.8%) accounted for non-frequent ITN use. Mean expenditure to treat malaria in the hospital was higher (USD 13.64 ± 8.67) than auto-medication (USD 1.13 ± 1.18). Significantly, malaria parasite prevalence and risk were higher for 0-5 years age (43.7%, OR = 1; P = 0.02), residents of sector 8 (49.2%, OR = 2.53; P < 0.001) of the camp, non-frequent ITN users (41.7%, OR = 2.08; P < 0.001), people living around stagnant water (44.4%, OR = 1.55; P < 0.001) and during the rainy season (43.5%, OR = 1.31; P = 0.02). The GMPD/µl was significantly higher in the 0-5 years age group (1456, P < 0.0001), inhabitants of sector 9 (1626, P = 0.04) and participants living around stagnant water (2097, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

The malaria burden in CAR refugees may represent the reservoir for malaria transmission, especially with the circulation of P. vivax. The improper use of ITNs could be ameliorated through sensitization. Seasonal chemoprevention mainly during the rainy season and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) might be implemented for effective malaria control in refugee settings.
Abnormal microRNA expression profile at early stages of gestation in pregnancies destined to develop placenta previa
Authors: Hromadnikova Ilona , Kotlabova Katerina , Krofta Ladislav
Published: December 2024

Background

Placenta previa is the abnormal implantation of the placenta into the lower segment of the uterus, is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as placenta accreta spectrum disorders, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, fetal growth restriction, prematurity, stillbirth and neonatal death, thrombophlebitis, and septicemia. The aim of the study was to assess retrospectively how the later onset of placenta previa affects the microRNA expression profile in the whole peripheral blood during the first trimester of gestation.

Methods

Regarding the occurrence of the association between aberrant microRNA expression profiles at early stages of gestation and later onset of various pregnancy-related complications, we selected for the study pregnancies developing placenta previa as the only pregnancy-related disorder. In total, 24 singleton pregnancies diagnosed with placenta previa that underwent first-trimester prenatal screening and delivered on-site within the period November 2012–May 2018 were included in the study. Overall, 80 normal pregnancies that delivered appropriate-for-gestational age newborns after completing 37 weeks of gestation were selected as the control group based on the equality of the length of biological sample storage.

Results

Downregulation of multiple microRNAs (miR-20b-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-342-3p, and miR-574-3p) was observed in pregnancies destined to develop placenta previa. The combination of seven microRNAs (miR-130b-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-342-3p, and miR-574-3p) showed the highest accuracy (AUC 0.937, p < 0.001, 100.0% sensitivity, 83.75% specificity) to differentiate, at early stages of gestation, between pregnancies with a normal course of gestation and those with placenta previa diagnosed in the second half of pregnancy. Overall, 75% of pregnancies destined to develop placenta previa were correctly identified at 10.0% FPR.

Conclusion

Consecutive large-scale analyses must be performed to verify the reliability of the proposed novel early predictive model for placenta previa occurring as the only pregnancy-related disorder.