bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel pedagogical tool for simultaneous learning of plane geometry and R programming
Authors: Briz-Redón Álvaro , Serrano-Aroca Ángel
Published: April 2018

Programming a computer is an activity that can be very beneficial to undergraduate students in terms of improving their mental capabilities, collaborative attitudes and levels of engagement in learning. Despite the initial difficulties that typically arise when learning to program, there are several well-known strategies to overcome them, providing a very high benefit-cost ratio to most of the students. Moreover, the use of a programming language usually raises the interest of students to learn any specific concept, which has caused that many teachers around the world employ a programming language as a learning environment to treat almost every possible topic. Particularly, mathematics can be taught and learnt while using a suitable programming language. The R programming language is endowed with a wide range of capabilities that allow its use to learn different kind of concepts while programming. Therefore, complex subjects such as mathematics could be learnt with the help of this powerful programming language. In addition, since the R language provides numerous graphical functions, it could be very useful to acquire simultaneously basic plane geometry and programming knowledge at the undergraduate level. This paper describes the LearnGeom R package, a novel pedagogical tool, which contains multiple functions to learn geometry in R at different levels of difficulty, from the most basic geometric objects to high-complexity geometric constructions, while developing numerous programming skills.
On ‘lost’ indigenous etymological origins with the specific case of the name Ameiva
Authors: Angeli Nicole Frances
Published: April 2018

Modern biology builds upon the historic exploration of the natural world. Recognizing the origin of a species’ name is one path to honor the historic exploration and description of the natural world and the indigenous peoples that lived closely with organisms prior to their description. While digitization of historic papers catalogued in databases such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) allows for searching of the first use and origin of names, the rapid pace of taxonomic publishing can occlude a thorough search for etymologies. The etymological origin of the genus nameAmeivais one such case; while unattributed in multiple recent works, it is of Tupí language origin. The first description was in theHistoriae Rerum Naturalium Brasiliaeby George Marcgrave (1648).Ameivawas the name used by Marcgrave’s Amerindian hosts in 17thcentury Dutch Brazil, where local people spoke the now extinct language Tupí. The Tupí origin was not lost, however, until as recently as the 2000s. Herein, the pre- and post-Linnaean use of the nameAmeivais traced and when the name is attributed to the Tupí language and to Marcgrave through time it is noted. The opportunity to discover and/or recover etymological origins, especially names from extinct and indigenous languages, provides insight into the early Western sciences. Careful study of etymology by naturalists is consistent with the idea that science is an evolving process with many predecessors to appreciate.
Molecular and morphological differentiation of Secret Toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalus mystaceus, with the description of a new subspecies from Iran (Reptilia, Agamidae)
Authors: N. Solovyeva Evgeniya , N. Dunayev Evgeniy , A. Nazarov Roman , Rajabizadeh Mehdi , Poyarkov Jr. Nikolay A.
Published: April 2018

The morphological and genetic variation of a wide-ranging Secret Toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalusmystaceus that inhabits sand deserts of south-eastern Europe, Middle East, Middle Asia, and western China is reviewed. Based on the morphological differences and high divergence in COI (mtDNA) gene sequences a new subspecies of Ph.mystaceus is described from Khorasan Razavi Province in Iran. Partial sequences of COI mtDNA gene of 31 specimens of Ph.mystaceus from 17 localities from all major parts of species range were analyzed. Genetic distances show a deep divergence between Ph.mystaceuskhorasanus ssp. n. from Khorasan Razavi Province and all other populations of Ph.mystaceus. The new subspecies can be distinguished from other populations of Ph.mystaceus by a combination of several morphological features. Molecular and morphological analyses do not support the validity of other Ph.mystaceus subspecies described from Middle Asia and Caspian basin. Geographic variations in the Ph.mystaceus species complex and the status of previously described subspecies were discussed.
A review of the genus Takecallis Mastumura in Korea with the description of a new species (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
Authors: Lee Yerim , Lee Seunghwan
Published: April 2018

The aphid genus, Takecallis Mastumura, 1917, was reviewed from Korea. Four species, T.alba Y. Lee, sp. n., T.arundicolens (Clarke), T.arundinariae (Essig), and T.taiwana (Takahashi), are recognized in Korea and morphological and molecular evidence are presented. Species descriptions and illustrations are given for the four species. A key to Korean species and the results of COI sequence analyses are also provided.
La marque territoriale, outil de différenciation pour l’attractivité ? Étude empirique auprès de décideurs d’entreprise
Authors: Vuignier Renaud
Published: April 2018

L’existence d’un « effet marque territoriale » dans le processus du choix d’implantation d’entreprises est souvent attendue, mais rarement étudiée empiriquement. Cette contribution analyse et discute l’adéquation entre les stratégies de place branding et le processus de décision des entreprises. D’une part, l’étude de la perception des décideurs d’entreprise (n=30) révèle un léger effet joué par la marque territoriale, secondaire par rapport aux facteurs d’attractivité traditionnels. D’autre part, en interrogeant des responsables d’agences de promotion économique et des experts (n=13), cette recherche aborde les questions de positionnement multiple et de multiscalarité à travers le cas d’un canton suisse.
Entretenir un rapport mobilisé à sa condition sociale en milieu populaire
Authors: Siblot Yasmine
Published: April 2018

Résumé Nombre de travaux ont mis en lumière les processus de démobilisation politique au sein des classes populaires, tandis que d'autres se centrent sur les pratiques des militants les plus expérimentés. Ils laissent ainsi dans l'ombre des individus ou groupes de milieu populaire s'attachant à défendre leur situation matérielle mais aussi à valoriser leur statut social, sans avoir d'importantes ressources militantes. Ce type de dispositions et pratiques constitue ce que l'on propose d'appeler un rapport mobilisé à sa condition sociale. L'article montre que prendre en compte un tel rapport à sa condition éclaire les conditions de l'engagement syndical ordinaire et de sa pérennité. Il repose sur une enquête ethnographique auprès de déléguées d'atelier d'une blanchisserie hospitalière, où le personnel est majoritairement féminin et composé de migrantes. Dans ce contexte, les fondements de la pratique et de la sociabilité syndicales, qui renvoient au type de rapport mobilisé que ces femmes entretiennent à leur condition, sont triples : un rapport revendicatif aux institutions, la lutte contre la déconsidération du travail ouvrier et l'affirmation d'une respectabilité populaire féminine reposant sur des valeurs domestiques mais aussi sur un attachement à l'emploi salarié.Mobilization for One's Social Value and Trade Unionism Among the Working ClassesThe Case of Women Working in an Industrial LaundryMany researches have underlined the growing distance between the working classes and politics, while others focus on much experienced activists. The situations in between remain less studied. Nevertheless, many groups or persons among the working classes aim to improve materially and symbolically their social status, without being activists. We call in this paper this kind of practices and dispositions a rapport mobilisé à sa condition sociale. Taking into account theses practices and dispositions helps to understand the social conditions of ordinary commitment into trade unions. It is based on a field survey in the trade union of a laundry employing immigrant women. Their commitment in the union relies on the attachment to manual work and to public institutions but also on the fact that the sociability in the union strengthens their respectability of women, both as mothers and as workers.
L’éditorial de La Nación du 23 novembre 2015 : récit, impact, incidence
Authors: Guillemont Michèle
Published: April 2018

Dans la nuit qui suivait la victoire électorale de l’Alliance Cambiemos aux élections présidentielles argentines de 2015 et de son candidat Mauricio Macri, le journal La Nación consacrait son éditorial, intitulé « No más venganza », à l’opportunité qu’offrait le changement politique à la tête de l’État pour en « finir avec les mensonges sur les années 70 », « les violations actuelles des droits de l’Homme » et la « honte nationale » que constituait l’emprisonnement d’accusés, de personnes mises en examen ou suspectées de « délits commis durant les années de la répression subversive » malgré leur « grand âge ». Nous nous proposons d’analyser ce texte et d’en indiquer l’impact et les incidences plus d’une année après les réactions de rejet qu’il avait provoquées.
Récits et mémoire de la rébellion au Venezuela : le « Caracazo » (1989-1992)
Authors: Bohórquez Douglas
Published: April 2018

À partir de récits-témoignages et de récits littéraires, cet article étudie un des événements politiques et sociaux les plus importants des dernières décennies au Venezuela : l’insurrection populaire connue sous le nom de « Caracazo », survenue le 27 février 1989 et qui a eu un grand retentissement dans des soulèvements militaires ultérieurs, comme celui du 4 février 1992 dirigé par Hugo Chávez Frías, tournant décisif de l’histoire politique de ce pays.L’étude de plusieurs récits de différents énonciateurs permet d’interpréter deux formes différentes de mémoire : la mémoire sensible, liée à la douleur, la tristesse, la perte, le déchirement, et la mémoire politique, à travers des récits qui soulignent l’impact social de cette rébellion. L’étude porte sur la version narrative proposée par Hugo Chávez Frías dans Los cuentos del arañero, mise en face de récits de journalistes dont certains ont été témoins des faits ; de courts récits presque tous consultables en ligne. Ils sont ensuite confrontés à des récits littéraires de la même période, point de départ de la façon qu’a la littérature d’assumer la mémoire de cet événement.
L’insurrection du langage dans J’attends la nuit pour te rêver, Révolution
Authors: Houdayer Marie
Published: April 2018

Nivaria Tejera (Cienfuegos, Cuba, 1929 - Paris, 6/01/2016) a collaboré à Orígenes (la revue dirigée par José Lezama Lima), où sont publiés ses premiers poèmes et des extraits d’un roman sur la dictature de Fulgencio Batista. Après le triomphe de la Révolution que Nivaria Tejera soutient à ses débuts, elle s’exile à Paris où elle publie en 1997 Espero la noche para soñarte, Revolución, qui clôt une trilogie de l’oppression entamée avec la publication d’un premier roman sur la guerre civile espagnole en 1958.L’écriture de l’exil assumée comme un défi frontal au régime comme à toute forme de pouvoir repose sur la déconstruction des frontières génériques (récit/autobiographie/autofiction/témoignage), la déconstruction du langage même (poétique et métaphorique), une recherche expérimentale visant à mieux réduire le discours officiel.
El clamor de las voces silenciadas : Expresiones del testimonio desde el afecto y la solidaridad
Authors: Gómez Francisco Vicente
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo analiza dos rasgos del relato de la memoria, su condición escritural y su vocación testimonial, en dos textos contemporáneos: El olvido que seremos del escritor colombiano Héctor Abad Faciolince, y las Cartas a Ellacuría del jesuita español Jon Sobrino. La condición escritural sitúa al relato memorialístico cara a cara con el discurso de la historia. La vocación testimonial, particularmente cuando el testimonio se hace desde las víctimas, reivindica la necesidad para el sujeto moderno de este tipo de narración, junto a la que hace la historia. A la dimensión cognoscitiva del discurso de la historia, los relatos memorialísticos incorporan la dimensión ética de la necesidad de responsabilizarse en ella, y la política de actuar en ella.
« Dejar de recordar no puedo ». La poésie de la mémoire de Tino Villanueva entre intimisme et réalisme
Authors: Vives Simorra Daniel
Published: April 2018

Dans l’œuvre de Tino Villanueva (1941, San Marcos, Texas, États-Unis), le lyrisme raffiné est inséparable d’un réalisme de la mémoire où la vie quotidienne des populations mexicaines-américaines au sud des États-Unis dans les années 50-60 retrouve une existence poétique. Dès Hay otra voz Poems (1972) et dans l’œuvre ultérieure des années 80-90 (Shaking Off the Dark, Crónica de mis años peores, Escena de la película Gigante / Scene from the movie Giant), nombreux sont les textes qui évoquent l’enfance dans les « barrios » du Texas, les conditions précaires de la vie familiale et plus généralement celle des « minorités » chicanas soumises à un ostracisme anglo, très souvent nourri d’un racisme inavoué ou même ostensible. Sans préjudice porté à une écriture authentiquement poétique, cette omniprésence du souvenir offre ainsi un « vérisme » inédit qui redonne une existence subjective aux conditions familiales, socio-économiques, politiques, linguistiques que connurent ces communautés. On commente également la présence laissée dans cette œuvre par la « Renaissance chicana » des années 60 (« Renacimiento chicano » dont Tino Villanueva fut l’un des principaux représentants) avec ses révoltes, ses utopies, son activisme, son fragile multilinguisme (le code-switching, le changement de code) qui, sous sa forme la plus radicale et systématisée, ne pouvait conduire qu’à une impasse. Dans les travaux récents de Villanueva, on peut observer une évolution dans la pratique du bilinguisme poétique ainsi que dans la compréhension de la « subalternité » chicana. À cet égard, on tente quelques incursions et commentaires dans les dernières publications bilingues de l’auteur: Primera causa. First cause (1999), So spoke Penelope /Así habló Penélope (2013).
Memoria sin ficción ¿Tengo derecho a preguntar?
Authors: Podestá Miguel G.
Published: April 2018

Mi proyecto de escritura sobre la memoria de Ayacucho se desarrolla desde la perspectiva de alguien que busca una recuperación de su identidad andina. Con el objetivo de construir un personaje de no ficción recolecté numerosos testimonios representativos de la población de Ayacucho, foco de la lucha armada emprendido por el Partido Comunista Peruano Sendero Luminoso entre 1980 y 2000. Campesinos, artistas, traficantes de droga, asesinos y gente ordinaria me permitieron retratar la historia del estado de violencia que ha golpeado a la región. Mi proyecto se inscribe dentro del deber nacional de Memoria y en la consolidación de nuestra identidad cultural. En Europa busco exiliados desde mi perspectiva de inmigrante.
Risk stratification in laminopathies and Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Authors: Fayssoil Abdallah
Published: April 2018

Laminopathies are genetic disorders due to gene mutation encoding for proteins of the nuclear envelope. Patients are at risk of conduction defect, arrhythmia, sudden death and heart failure. The authors summarize predictive factors for cardiac events reported in the literature in this group of disease.
Stroke networks and telemedicine: An Italian national survey
Authors: Bernetti Laura , Nuzzaco Graziamaria , Muscia Francesco , Gamboni Alessio , Zedde Marialuisa , Eusebi Paolo , Zampolini Mauro , Corea Francesco
Published: April 2018

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death. Nowadays, clinical benefits of stroke units and thrombolysis in ischemic stroke are evidence-based. Also the benefit of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke has been established. Telemedicine has been used to improve access to care by allowing a neurologist at a remote location to interact with the patient and their family members. Prior studies have shown that the use of telemedicine for acute ischemic stroke is not only safe and effective, but it also increases the utilization of tPA, improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the diffusion of telemedicine in Italian stroke networks with an online questionnaire to assess: type of stroke care setting, Volume of thrombolysis- thrombectomy/year, access to stroke care between different hospitals, the presence of imaging sharing protocols within the network or patients dispatchment screening; type of network solutions. We have interviewed 24 Italian neurologists, working in large urban areas, from north southward, including Italian islands. In particular, these neurologists represented 14 different regions and 20 countries. A majority of neurologists replying to the survey (47.83%) worked in large general hospitals or smaller general hospitals (26%) and a smaller number of physicians (17.3%) were committed in University Hospital or (8.7%) independent foundation hospitals. The 60.87% of stroke networks involved in the survey had a low thrombolysis/year volume while the 30.43% had a thrombolysis/year volume above 100. According to the survey a local stroke network was established in 87.50% of cases. In the 45.83% of cases, the hospitals care is not homogeneous within the network. A network for the consultation of neuroimaging between hospitals is available in 33.33% of cases. Whitin those describing an active network for Teleconsult the 57.14% used personal devices, while only the 25 % use professional teleconference system, and in 25% of cases used medical devices. Our findings demonstrated a relevant diffusion of Teleconsult in Italian stroke networks. The systems adopted are mostly individual solutions not integrated in protocolled pathways. These findings may encourage a systematization of Telemedicine medical curricula to increase larger access to neurological consults.
Casselman’s Basis of Iwahori Vectors and Kazhdan–Lusztig Polynomials
Authors: Bump Daniel , Nakasuji Maki
Published: April 2018

A problem in representation theory of $p$-adic groups is the computation of the Casselman basis of Iwahori fixed vectors in the spherical principal series representations, which are dual to the intertwining integrals. We shall express the transition matrix $(m_{u,v})$ of the Casselman basis to another natural basis in terms of certain polynomials that are deformations of the Kazhdan–Lusztig R-polynomials. As an application we will obtain certain new functional equations for these transition matrices under the algebraic involution sending the residue cardinality $q$ to $q^{-1}$. We will also obtain a new proof of a surprising result of Nakasuji and Naruse that relates the matrix $(m_{u,v})$ to its inverse.
Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil and gas station in northwest China for 1 year
Authors: Zheng Huang , Kong Shaofei , Xing Xinli , Mao Yao , Hu Tianpeng , Ding Yang , Li Gang , Liu Dantong , Li Shuanglin , Qi Shihua
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Oil and natural gas are important for energy supply around the world. The exploring, drilling, transportation and processing in oil and gas regions can release a lot of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To understand the VOC levels, compositions and sources in such regions, an oil and gas station in northwest China was chosen as the research site and 57 VOCs designated as the photochemical precursors were continuously measured for an entire year (September 2014–August 2015) using an online monitoring system. The average concentration of total VOCs was 297 ± 372 ppbv and the main contributor was alkanes, accounting for 87.5 % of the total VOCs. According to the propylene-equivalent concentration and maximum incremental reactivity methods, alkanes were identified as the most important VOC groups for the ozone formation potential. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that the annual average contributions from natural gas, fuel evaporation, combustion sources, oil refining processes and asphalt (anthropogenic and natural sources) to the total VOCs were 62.6 ± 3.04, 21.5 ± .99, 10.9 ± 1.57, 3.8 ± 0.50 and 1.3 ± 0.69 %, respectively. The five identified VOC sources exhibited various diurnal patterns due to their different emission patterns and the impact of meteorological parameters. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models based on backward trajectory analysis indicated that the five identified sources had similar geographic origins. Raster analysis based on CWT analysis indicated that the local emissions contributed 48.4–74.6 % to the total VOCs. Based on the high-resolution observation data, this study clearly described and analyzed the temporal variation in VOC emission characteristics at a typical oil and gas field, which exhibited different VOC levels, compositions and origins compared with those in urban and industrial areas.
Source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols in Xi’an, China: insights from a full year of measurements of radiocarbon and the stable isotope 13C
Authors: Ni Haiyan , Huang Ru-Jin , Cao Junji , Zhang Ting , Wang Meng , Meijer Harro A. J. , Dusek Ulrike
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Xi’an, China are investigated based on one-year radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope measurements. The radiocarbon results demonstrate that EC is dominated by fossil sources throughout the year, with a mean contribution of 83 ± 5 % (7 ± 2 µg m−3). The remaining 17 ± 5 % (1.5 ± 1 µg m−3) is attributed to biomass burning, with higher contribution in the winter (~ 24 %) compared to the summer (~ 14 %). Stable carbon isotopes of EC (δ13CEC) are enriched in winter (−23.20 ± 0.35 ‰) and depleted in summer (−25.94 ± 0.46 ‰), indicating the influence of coal combustion in winter and liquid fossil fuel combustion in summer. By combining radiocarbon and stable carbon signatures, relative contributions from coal combustion and liquid fossil fuel combustion are estimated as 45 % (29–58 %, interquartile range) and 31 % (18–46 %) in winter, respectively, whereas in other seasons more than one half of EC are from liquid fossil combustion. In contrast with EC, the contribution of non-fossil sources to OC is much larger, with an annual average of 54 ± 8 % (12 ± 10 µg m−3). Clear seasonal variations are seen in OC concentrations both from fossil and non-fossil sources, with maxima in winter and minima in summer, because of unfavourable meteorological conditions coupled with enhanced fossil and non-fossil activities in winter, mainly biomass burning and domestic coal burning. δ13COC exhibited similar values with δ13CEC, and showed strong correlations (r2 = 0.90) in summer and autumn, indicating similar source mixtures with EC. In spring, δ13COC is depleted (1.1–2.4 ‰) compared to δ13CEC, indicating the importance of secondary formation of OC (e.g., from volatile organic compound precursors) in addition to primary sources. Modelled mass concentrations and source contributions of primary OC are compared to the measured mass and source contributions. There is strong evidence that both secondary formation and photochemical loss processes influence the final OC concentrations.
Modelling studies of HOM and its contributions to growth of new particles:
comparison of boreal forest in Finland and polluted environment in China
Authors: Qi Ximeng , Ding Aijun , Roldin Pontus , Xu Zhengning , Zhou Putian , Sarnela Nina , Nie Wei , Huang Xin , Rusanen Anton , Ehn Mikael , Rissanen Matti P. , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Boy Michael
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Highly oxygenated multifunctional compounds (HOM) play a key role in the growth of new particles during new particle formation (NPF) events, but their quantitative roles in different environments of the globe haven’t been well studied yet. In this study, the HOM concentrations and NPF events at a remote boreal forest site in Finland (SMEAR II) and a sub-urban site in the polluted eastern China (SORPES) were simulated with the MALTE-BOX model, and their roles in NPF at the two distinctly different environments are discussed. We found that sulfuric acid and HOM organonitrate concentrations in the gas phase are significantly higher but other HOM monomers and dimers from monoterpene oxidation are lower at SORPES compared to SMEAR II. The model can simulate the NPF events at SMEAR II with a good agreement but underestimate the growth of new particles at SORPES, indicating a dominant role of sulfuric acid and HOM originated from oxidation of aromatics in the polluted environment. This study highlight the needs of molecular-scale measurements in improving the understanding of NPF mechanisms in the polluted areas like eastern China.
Direct measurements of NO3-reactivity in and above the boundary layer of a mountain-top site: Identification of reactive trace gases and comparison with OH-reactivity
Authors: Liebmann Jonathan M. , Muller Jennifer B. A. , Kubistin Dagmar , Claude Anja , Holla Robert , Plaß-Dülmer Christian , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We present direct measurements of the summertime, total reactivity of NO3 towards organic trace gases, kOTGNO3, at a rural mountain site (988 m a.s.l.) in southern Germany in 2017. The diel cycle of kOTGNO3 was strongly influenced by local meteorology with reactivity high during the day (values of up to 0.3 s-1) but usually close to the detection limit (0.005 s-1) at night when the measurement site was in the residual layer/free troposphere. Daytime values of kOTGNO3 were sufficiently large that the loss of NO3 due to reaction with organic trace gases competed with its photolysis and reaction with NO. Within experimental uncertainty, monoterpenes and isoprene accounted for all of the measured NO3-reactivity. Averaged over the daylight hours, more than 25 % of NO3 was removed via reaction with biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), implying a significant daytime loss of NOx and formation of organic nitrates due to NO3 chemistry. Ambient NO3 concentrations were measured on one night and were comparable to those derived from a stationary state calculation using measured values of kOTGNO3. We present and compare the first simultaneous, direct-reactivity measurements for the NO3 and OH radicals. The decoupling of the measurement site from ground level emissions resulted in lower reactivity at night for both radicals, though the correlation between OH- and NO3-reactivity was weak as would be anticipated given their divergent trends in rate constants with many organic trace gases.
Information content in reflected signals during GPS Radio Occultation observations
Authors: Aparicio Josep M. , Cardellach Estel , Rodríguez Hilda
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The possibility of extracting useful information about the state of the lower troposphere from the surface reflections
that are often detected during GPS radio occultations (GPSRO) is explored. The clarity of the reflection is
quantified, and can be related to properties of the surface and the low troposphere. The reflected signal is often clear
enough to show good phase coherence, and can be tracked and processed as an extension of direct non-reflected GPSRO
atmospheric profiles. A profile of bending angle vs. impact parameter can be obtained for these reflected signals,
characterized by impact parameters that are below the apparent horizon, and that is a continuation at low altitude of the
standard non-reflected bending angle profile. If there were no reflection, these would correspond to tangent altitudes
below the local surface, and in particular below the local mean sea level. A forward operator is presented, for the
evaluation of the bending angle of reflected GPSRO signals, given atmospheric properties as described by a numerical
weather prediction system. The operator is an extension, at lower impact parameters, of standard bending angle operators,
and reproduces both the direct and reflected sections of the measured profile. It can be applied to the assimilation of
the reflected section of the profile as supplementary data to the direct section. Although the principle is also applicable
over land, this paper is focused on ocean cases, where the topographic height of the reflecting surface, the sea
level, is better known a priori.
A novel semi-direct method to measure OH reactivity by chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (CIMS)
Authors: Muller Jennifer B. A. , Elste Thomas , Plass-Dülmer Christian , Stange Georg , Holla Robert , Claude Anja , Englert Jennifer , Gilge Stefan , Kubistin Dagmar
Published: April 2018

Abstract. An operational chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CIMS) for hydroxyl radical (OH) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration measurements was adapted to include observations of OH reactivity, which is the inverse of OH lifetime, for long-term monitoring at the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) site Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), Germany. OH measurement using CIMS is achieved by reacting OH with SO2, leading to the production of H2SO4 which is then detected. The adaptation for OH reactivity consists of the implementation of a second SO2 injection, at a fixed point further down flow in the sample tube to detect the OH decay caused by reactions with OH reactants present in the sample. The method can measure OH reactivity between below 1 and 40 s−1 with the upper limit due to the fixed positioning of the second SO2 injection. To determine OH reactivity from OH concentration measurements, the reaction time between the two titration zones and OH wall losses in the sample tube need to be determined accurately through OH reactivity calibration. Potential measurement artefacts as a result of HOx recycling in the presence of NO have to be considered. Therefore NO contamination from gases used in instrument operation must be minimised and ambient NO must be measured concurrently to determine the measurement error. This CIMS system is shown here to perform very well for OH reactivity below 15 s−1 and NO concentrations below 4 ppb, both values that are rarely exceeded at the MOHp site. Thus when deployed in suitable chemical environments, this method can provide valuable continuous long-term measurements of OH reactivity. The characterisation utilises results from chamber, laboratory and modelling studies and includes the discussion and quantification of sources of uncertainties.
Quantifying the relationship between the plasmapause and the inner boundary of small-scale field-aligned currents, as deduced from Swarm observations
Authors: Heilig Balázs , Lühr Hermann
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a statistical study of the equatorward boundary of
small-scale field-aligned currents (SSFACs) and investigates the relation
between this boundary and the plasmapause (PP). The PP data used for
validation were derived from in situ electron density observations of NASA's
Van Allen Probes. We confirmed the
findings of a previous study by the same authors obtained from the
observations of the CHAMP satellite SSFAC and the NASA IMAGE satellite PP
detections, namely that the two boundaries respond similarly to changes in
geomagnetic activity, and they are closely located in the near midnight MLT
sector, suggesting a dynamic linkage. Dayside PP correlates with the delayed
time history of the SSFAC boundary. We interpreted this behaviour as a direct
consequence of co-rotation: the new PP, formed on the night side, propagates
to the dayside by rotating with Earth. This finding paves the way toward an
efficient PP monitoring tool based on an SSFAC index derived from vector
magnetic field observations at low-Earth orbit. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (plasmasphere)
Exploring seasonal and regional relationships between the
Evaporative Stress Index and surface weather and soil moisture
anomalies across the United States
Authors: Otkin Jason A. , Zhong Yafang , Lorenz David , Anderson Martha C. , Hain Christopher
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This study uses correlation analyses to explore relationships between the satellite-derived Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) – which depicts standardized anomalies in an actual to reference evapotranspiration fraction – and various land and atmospheric variables that impact evapotranspiration. Correlations between the ESI and forcing variable anomalies calculated over sub-seasonal time scales were computed at weekly and monthly intervals during the growing season. Overall, the results revealed that the ESI is most strongly correlated to anomalies in soil moisture and 2-m dew point depression. Correlations between the ESI and precipitation were also large across most of the U.S.; however, they were typically smaller than those associated with soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit. In contrast, correlations were much weaker for air temperature, wind speed, and radiation across most of the U.S., with the exception of the south-central U.S. where correlations were large for all variables at some point during the growing season. Together, these results indicate that changes in soil moisture and near-surface atmospheric vapor pressure deficit are better predictors of the ESI than precipitation and air temperature anomalies are by themselves. Large regional and seasonal dependencies were also observed for each forcing variable. Each of the regional and seasonal correlation patterns were similar for ESI anomalies computed over 2-, 4-, and 8-wk time periods; however, the maximum correlations increased as the ESI anomalies were computed over longer time periods and also shifted toward longer averaging periods for the forcing variables.
ERA-5 and ERA-Interim driven ISBA land surface model simulations: Which one performs better?
Authors: Albergel Clement , Dutra Emanuel , Munier Simon , Calvet Jean-Christophe , Munoz-Sabater Joaquin , de Rosnay Patricia , Balsamo Gianpaolo
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) recently released a first 7-year segment of its latest atmospheric reanalysis: ERA-5 over 2010–2016. ERA-5 important changes relative to ERA-Interim former atmospheric reanalysis include a higher spatial and temporal resolution as well as a more recent model and data assimilation system. ERA-5 is foreseen to replace ERA-Interim reanalysis and one of the main goals of this study is to assess whether ERA5 can enhance the simulation performances with respect to ERA-Interim when it is used to force a Land-Surface-Model (LSM). To that end, both ERA-5 and ERA-Interim are used to force the ISBA (Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere) LSM fully coupled with the Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) scheme adapted for the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques) continental hydrological system within the SURFEX (SURFace Externalisée) modelling platform of Météo-France. Simulations cover the 2010–2016 period at half a degree spatial resolution. ERA-5 impact on the ISBA LSM with respect to ERA-Interim is assessed over a data-rich area: North America. A comprehensive evaluation of ERA-5 impact is conducted using remote sensing and in-situ observations covering a substantial part of the land surface storage and fluxes. The remote sensing observations include: (i) satellite-driven model estimates of land evapotranspiration, (ii) upscaled ground-based observations of gross primary productivity, (iii) satellite derived estimates of surface soil moisture as well as (iv) satellite derived estimates of Leaf Area Index. The in-situ observations cover (i) soil moisture, (ii) turbulent heat fluxes and Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), (iii) river discharges and (iv) snow depth. ERA-5 leads to a consistent improvement over ERA-Interim as verified with the use of these 8 independent observations of different land status and of the model simulations forced by ERA-5 when compared with ERAInterim.. This is particularly evident for the land surface variables linked to the terrestrial hydrological cycle while variables linked to vegetation are less impacted. Results also indicate that while precipitation provides, to a large extend, improvements in surface fields (e.g. large improvement in the representation of river discharge and snow depth), the other atmospheric variables play an important role, contributing to the overall improvements. These results highlight the importance of enhanced meteorological forcing quality provided by the new ERA-5 reanalysis, which will pave the way for a new generation of land-surface developments and applications.
The influence of diurnal snowmelt and transpiration on hilllslope
throughflow and stream response
Authors: Woelber Brett , Maneta Marco P. , Harper Joel , Jencso Kelsey G. , Gardner W. Payton , Wilcox Andrew C. , López-Moreno Ignacio
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Daily stream flow and groundwater dynamics in forested subalpine catchments during spring are to a large extent controlled by hydrological processes that respond to the day-night energy cycle. Diurnal snowmelt and transpiration events combine to induce pressure variations in the soil water storage that are propagated to the stream. In headwater catchments these pressure variations can account for a significant amount of the total pressure in the system and control the magnitude, duration, and timing of stream inflow pulses at daily scales, especially in low flow systems. Changes in the radiative balance at the top of the snowpack can alter the diurnal hydrologic dynamics of the hillslope-stream system with potential ecological and management consequences. We present a detailed hourly dataset of atmospheric, hillslope, and streamflow measurements collected during one melt season from a semi-alpine headwater catchment in western Montana, US. We use this dataset to investigate the timing, pattern, and linkages among snowmelt-dominated hydrologic processes and assess the role of the snowpack, transpiration, and hillslopes in mediating daily movements of water from the top of the snowpack to local stream systems. We found that the amount of snowpack cold content accumulated during the night, which must be overcome every morning before snowmelt resumes, delayed water recharge inputs by up to 3 hours early in the melt season. These delays were further exacerbated by multi-day storms (cold fronts), which resulted in significant depletions in the soil and stream storages. We also found that both diurnal snowmelt and transpiration signals are present in the diurnal soil and stream storage fluctuations, although the individual contributions of these processes is difficult to discern. Our analysis showed that the hydrologic response of the snow-hillslope-stream system is highly sensitive to atmospheric drivers at hourly scales, and that variations in atmospheric energy inputs or other stresses are quickly transmitted and alter the intensity, duration and timing of snowmelt pulses and soil water extractions by vegetation, which ultimately drive variations in soil and stream water pressures.
The value of satellite remote sensing soil moisture data and the DISPATCH algorithm in irrigation fields
Authors: Fontanet Mireia , Fernández-Garcia Daniel , Ferrer Francesc
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Soil moisture measurements are needed in a large number of applications such as climate change, watershed water balance and irrigation management. One of the main characteristics of this property is that soil moisture is highly variable with both space and time, hindering the estimation of a representative value. Deciding how to measure soil moisture before undertaking any type of study is therefore an important issue that needs to be addressed correctly. Nowadays, different kinds of methodologies exist for measuring soil moisture; Remote Sensing, soil moisture sensors or gravimetric measurements. This work is focused on how to measure soil moisture for irrigation scheduling, where soil moisture sensors are the main methodology for monitoring soil moisture. One of its disadvantages, however, is that soil moisture sensors measure a small volume of soil, and do not take into account the existing variability in the field. In contrast, Remote Sensing techniques are able to estimate soil moisture with a low spatial resolution, and thus it is not possible to apply these estimations to agricultural applications. In order to solve this problem, different kinds of algorithms have been developed for downscaling these estimations from low to high resolution. The DISPATCH algorithm downscales soil moisture estimations from 40 km to 1 km resolution using SMOS satellite soil moisture, NDVI and LST from MODIS sensor estimations. In this work, DISPATCH estimations are compared with soil moisture sensors and gravimetric measurements to validate the DISPATCH algorithm in two different hydrologic scenarios; (1) when wet conditions are maintained around the field for rainfall events, and (2) when it is local irrigation that maintains wet conditions. Results show that the DISPATCH algorithm is sensitive when soil moisture is homogenized during general rainfall events, but not when local irrigation generates occasional heterogeneity. In order to explain these different behaviours, we have examined the spatial variability scales of NDVI and LST data, which are the variables involved in the downscaling process provided by the MODIS sensor. Sample variograms show that the spatial scales associated with the NDVI and LST properties are too large to represent the variations of the average water content at the site, and this could be a reason for why the DISPATCH algorithm is unable to detect soil moisture increments caused by local irrigation.
Combination of UAV and terrestrial photogrammetry to assess rapid glacier evolution and map glacier hazards
Authors: Fugazza Davide , Scaioni Marco , Corti Manuel , D'Agata Carlo , Azzoni Roberto Sergio , Cernuschi Massimo , Smiraglia Claudio , Diolaiuti Guglielmina Adele
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Tourists and hikers visiting glaciers all year round face hazards such as
sudden terminus collapses, typical of such a dynamically evolving
environment. In this study, we analyzed the potential of different survey
techniques to analyze hazards of the Forni Glacier, an important geosite
located in Stelvio Park (Italian Alps). We carried out surveys in the
2016 ablation season and compared point clouds generated from an unmanned aerial
vehicle (UAV) survey, close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser
scanning (TLS). To investigate the evolution of glacier hazards and evaluate
the glacier thinning rate, we also used UAV data collected in 2014 and a
digital elevation model (DEM) created from an aerial photogrammetric survey
of 2007. We found that the integration between terrestrial and UAV
photogrammetry is ideal for mapping hazards related to the glacier collapse,
while TLS is affected by occlusions and is logistically complex in glacial
terrain. Photogrammetric techniques can therefore replace TLS for glacier
studies and UAV-based DEMs hold potential for becoming a standard tool in
the investigation of glacier thickness changes. Based on our data sets, an
increase in the size of collapses was found over the study period, and the
glacier thinning rates went from 4.55 ± 0.24 m a−1 between 2007
and 2014 to 5.20 ± 1.11 m a−1 between 2014 and 2016.
Evaluating the impact of clinical librarians on clinical questions during inpatient rounds
Authors: Brian Riley , Orlov Nicola , Werner Debra , Martin Shannon K. , Arora Vineet M. , Alkureishi Maria
Published: April 2018

Objective: The investigation sought to determine the effects of a clinical librarian (CL) on inpatient team clinical questioning quality and quantity, learner self-reported literature searching skills, and use of evidence-based medicine (EBM).Methods: Clinical questioning was observed over 50 days of inpatient pediatric and internal medicine attending rounds. A CL was present for 25 days and absent for 25 days. Questioning was compared between groups. Question quality was assessed by a blinded evaluator, who used a rubric adapted from the Fresno Test of Competence in Evidence-Based Medicine. Team members were surveyed to assess perceived impacts of the CL on rounds.Results: Rounds with a CL (CLR) were associated with significantly increased median number of questions asked (5 questions CLR vs. 3 NCLR; p<0.01) and answered (3 CLR vs. 2 NCLR; p<0.01) compared to rounds without a CL (NCLR). CLR were also associated with increased mean time spent asking (1.39 minutes CLR vs. 0.52 NCLR; p<0.01) and answering (2.15 minutes CLR vs. 1.05 NCLR; p=0.02) questions. Rounding time per patient was not significantly different between CLR and NCLR. Questions during CLR were 2 times higher in adapted Fresno Test quality than during NCLR (p<0.01). Select participants described how the CL’s presence improved their EBM skills and care decisions.Conclusions: Inpatient CLR were associated with more and improved clinical questioning and subjectively perceived to improve clinicians’ EBM skills. CLs may directly affect patient care; further study is required to assess this. CLs on inpatient rounds may be an effective means for clinicians to learn and use EBM skills.
An historical overview of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, 1985–2015
Authors: Speaker Susan L.
Published: April 2018

The National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NNLM), established as the Regional Medical Library Program in 1965, has a rich and remarkable history. The network’s first twenty years were documented in a detailed 1987 history by Alison Bunting, AHIP, FMLA. This article traces the major trends in the network’s development since then: reconceiving the Regional Medical Library staff as a “field force” for developing, marketing, and distributing a growing number of National Library of Medicine (NLM) products and services; subsequent expansion of outreach to health professionals who are unaffiliated with academic medical centers, particularly those in public health; the advent of the Internet during the 1990s, which brought the migration of NLM and NNLM resources and services to the World Wide Web, and a mandate to encourage and facilitate Internet connectivity in the network; and the further expansion of the NLM and NNLM mission to include providing consumer health resources to satisfy growing public demand. The concluding section discusses the many challenges that NNLM staff faced as they transformed the network from a system that served mainly academic medical researchers to a larger, denser organization that offers health information resources to everyone. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Is there a place for undergraduate and graduate students in the systematic review process?
Authors: Wissinger Christina L.
Published: April 2018

Systematic reviews are a well-established and well-honed research methodology in the medical and health sciences fields. As the popularity of systematic reviews has increased, disciplines outside the sciences have started publishing them. This increase in familiarity has begun to trickle down from practitioners and faculty to graduate students and recently undergraduates. The amount of work and rigor that goes into producing a quality systematic review may make these types of research projects seem unattainable for undergraduate or graduate students, but is this an accurate assumption? This commentary discusses whether there is a place for undergraduate and graduate students in the systematic review process. It explains the possible benefits of having undergraduate and graduate students engage in systematic reviews and concludes with ideas for creating basic education or training opportunities for researchers and students who are new to the systematic review process.
Trip and Trip Pro
Authors: Fox Lynne M.
Published: April 2018

The Trip database began more than twenty years ago in an effort to simplify searching for clinically relevant, high-quality, evidence-based information.