bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Pathways to Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Clyde Danielle , Boland Maria , Brown Leo R. , McCabe Gerard , Cambridge William , Aitken Kerry , Drummond Gillian , Joyce Brian , Beaux Andrew de , Tulloh Bruce , Moussa Osama , Yang Wah , Madhok Brij , Lamb Peter J. , Mahawar Kamal , Robertson Andrew G. N.
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Bariatric surgery is an accepted treatment worldwide for patients with obesity due to its proven metabolic effects. However, there are variations worldwide in clinical criteria that must be met to qualify for surgery. This study aims to explore globally established practice and opinions on preoperative workup for bariatric surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A review of literature and international guidelines was performed by a multidisciplinary team and used to develop an online questionnaire survey. This was distributed to bariatric professionals electronically.

Results:

Two hundred and forty-four bariatric health-care professionals from 224 medical centers across 57 countries completed the survey. The majority of respondents were surgeons (67.2%), and the remainder were other multidisciplinary professionals. Over half of medical centers were public hospitals (50.8%), with most performing over 200 procedures per year (30.3%). Only 68.4% (n = 167) of respondent hospitals used recognized referral guidelines; however, 81.9% felt that there should be written referral criteria (P < 0.001). In 71.3% (n = 172) of respondent units' patients underwent a Medical Weight Management Programme (MWMP) as part of their preparation for surgery. Significant differences were identified worldwide in the criteria used to determine progression to surgery (P < 0.001), time spent in MWMP prior to surgery (P < 0.001), and the roles of members forming the bariatric multidisciplinary team (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:

This study has identified significant variation in global bariatric surgery practices and highlights the responsibility that societies such as the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disease (IFSO) and the Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Society have in promoting universal clinical guidelines.
Kaliszanin z urodzenia. Poezja, wspomnienia i korespondencja Tadeusza Pniewskiego jako źródło edukacji regionalnej
Authors: Śmiecińska Mariola
Published: July 2023

The article discusses the work of Tadeusz Pniewski, which includes: memoirs, letters and poetry. The presented materials can be used in the implementation of regional education, in Polish language and history lessons at all levels of education, using various teaching methods.
Edukacja regionalna w południowo-wschodniej Wielkopolsce na tle zmian w podstawach programowych kształcenia ogólnego
Authors: Molenda Piotr
Published: July 2023

The political transformation of the late 1980s and early 1990s created favourable conditions for the development of activities aimed at the preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage of the regions. Education has an important place in this process. In the south-eastern Greater Poland as early as in the 1980s, initiatives emerged to bring the heritage of small fatherlands closer. Aligned with the 1999’ education reform, regional themes were reflected in the core curriculum for public education. This article presents examples of activities related to the implementation of regional education in the south--eastern Greater Poland. The initiatives taken here are shown against the background of changes related to successive educational reforms. Particular attention was paid to initiatives aimed at preparing teaching materials for regional education. Proposals by cultural institutions and associations to popularise knowledge about the region were also cited. The analysis of the activities leads to the conclusion that the dissemination of this form of education requires not only learning materials adapted to the age of the students, but also the coordination of the efforts and initiatives which are undertaken.
Śladami Wiłkomirskich. W poszukiwaniu spuścizny członków muzycznej rodziny – raport z projektu badawczego
Authors: Celer Bogumiła
Published: July 2023

The report is a description of the research project carried out by the author as part of the scholarship of the Marshal of the Wielkopolska Region. The scholarship program made it possible to carry out queries and access materials expanding knowledge about the musical family of the Wiłkomirski family. The project aimed at merging and describing the heritage dispersed in various institutions will certainly bring a synthetic picture of the artistic, didactic, cultural, social and scientific activities of individual members of the Wilkomirski family, so strongly and emotionally connected with Wielkopolska.
Occupational Therapy in End-of-Life Care
Authors:   , Sudrla Shannon
Published: July 2023

Patients at the end-of-life (EoL) experience functional decline in response to terminal illness and the active dying process, inhibiting participation and engagement in meaningful daily activities. Occupational therapy practitioners (OTP) are equipped to address patients’ occupational needs and desires despite their declining capacities; however, the absence of occupational therapy (OT) services in EoL care leaves patients’ occupational needs unmet, directly affecting their quality of life. The literature demonstrates the need for enhanced education and training among occupational therapy students (OTS) and practitioners to better prepare them to work with terminally ill patients who face progressive functional decline and imminent death. To address this problem, a Guidebook for Occupational Therapy in End-of-Life Care was developed to educate OTS and OTP on the EoL care setting, the need for OT services within this setting, and the role, scope, and delivery of OT services for this population. The purpose of this guidebook is to promote the presence of OTP and enhance the utilization of OT services in EoL care to facilitate occupational participation and engagement, and therefore promote quality of life preceding death. A capstone document consisting of five chapters provides foundational information on OT in EoL care and the methodology for guidebook creation. The development of this capstone and project will expand OT practice and broaden the scope of EoL care to comprehensively meet the needs of terminally ill patients and their families.
Ethnomedicinal Study of Fabaceae Family Plants, Found in The Area of Narmadapuram District of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Dimpla Devi  , Bharti Khare  , Priyanka Tiwari
Published: July 2023

Ethnomedicinal plants have been used in healthcare since ancient times. Studies have been done globally to verify their efficacy and some of the findings have led to the production of plant-based medicines. In this paper, an ethnomedicinal survey of plants of the Fabaceae family found in the Narmadapuram area has been done, in which special emphasis has been given to the current strategic approach to disease prevention. A total of 31 medicinal plant species belonging to 24 genera of the Fabaceae family presented was reported. Medicinal plants play an important role in disease prevention and their promotion and use fit into all existing prevention strategies. However, conscious efforts are needed to properly identify, identify and position medicinal plants in the design and implementation of these strategies. These approaches present interesting and emerging perspectives in the field of medicinal plants. Recommendations are proposed to strategize the future role and place for medicinal plants in disease prevention.
ACEIC: a comprehensive anthropogenic chlorine emission inventory for China
Authors: Li Siting , Liu Yiming , Zhu Yuqi , Jin Yinbao , Hong Yingying , Shen Ao , Xu Yifei , Wang Haofan , Wang Haichao , Lu Xiao , Fan Shaojia , Fan Qi
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Reactive chlorine species play a crucial role as precursors to Cl radicals, which can significantly impact the atmospheric oxidation capacity and influence the levels of trace gases related to climate and air quality. However, their anthropogenic sources remain uncertain and require further investigation. In previous studies, we developed the Anthropogenic Chlorine Emission Inventory for China (ACEIC) for the years 2012 and 2014. This inventory focused solely on the emissions of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine gas (Cl2) from coal combustion and prescribed waste incineration. In the present study, we updated this inventory to include data from a more recent year (2018) and expanded the range of species considered (HCl, fine particulate Cl-, Cl2, and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)) as well as the number of anthropogenic sources (41 specific sources). The emission factors used in this updated inventory were primarily based on localized survey data. The total emissions of HCl, fine particulate Cl-, Cl2, and HOCl in mainland China for the year 2018 were estimated to be 454 (-48 %~45 %), 238 (-59 %~89 %), 17 (-44 %~58 %), and 73 (-44 %~79 %) Gg, respectively. To facilitate analysis, we aggregated the chlorine emissions from various sources into five economic sectors: power, industry, residential, agriculture, and biomass burning. HCl emissions were primarily derived from biomass burning (45 %), industry (35 %), and residential (15 %) sectors. The biomass burning and industry sectors accounted for 78 % and 14 % of the fine particulate Cl- emissions, respectively. Residential and industry sectors contributed 59 % and 31 % of the total Cl2 emissions. HOCl emissions were predominantly from the residential sector, constituting 90 % of the total emissions. Notably, the usage of chlorine-containing disinfectants was identified as the most significant source of Cl2 and HOCl emissions in the residential sector. Geographically, regions with high HCl and fine particulate Cl- emissions were found in northeast China, the North China Plain, and the Sichuan Basin, whereas the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions exhibited elevated levels of Cl2 and HOCl emissions. Regarding monthly variation, emissions of HCl and fine particulate Cl- were relatively higher during early summer (June–July) and October due to intensified agricultural activities, while Cl2 and HOCl emissions were higher in the summer months due to increased demand for water disinfection. This updated inventory contributes to a better understanding of anthropogenic sources of reactive chlorine species and can aid in the formulation of emission control strategies to mitigate secondary pollution in China.
The vulnerability of buildings to a large-scale debris flow and outburst flood hazard chain that occurred on 30 August 2020 in Ganluo, Southwest China
Authors: Wei Li , Hu Kaiheng , Liu Shuang , Ning Nan , Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhang Qiyuan , Rahim Md Abdur
Published: July 2023

Abstract. In mountainous areas, damage caused by debris flows is often aggravated by subsequent dam-burst floods within the main river confluence zone. On 30 August 2020, a catastrophic disaster chain occurred at the confluence of the Heixiluo Gully and Niri River in Ganluo County, Southwest China, that consisted of a debris flow, the formation of a barrier lake and subsequent dam breach that flooded the community. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the damage to buildings resulting from the sequential occurrence of debris flow and dam-burst flood. The peak discharge of the debris flow in the gully mouth reached 1937 m3/s, and the change in the main river channel resulting from the dam-burst flood, which had a peak discharge of 2273 m3/s, resulted in a fourfold increase in the extent of flood inundation compared to an ordinary flood. Three hazard zones were established based on the building damage patterns: (I) primary debris flow burial; (II) secondary dam-burst flood inundation and (III) sequential debris flow burial and dam-burst inundation. Vulnerability curves were developed for Zone (II) and Zone (III) using impact pressures and inundation depths, and a vulnerability assessment chart is presented that contains the three damage categories. This research addresses a gap in the vulnerability assessments of debris flow hazard chains and can support in future disaster mitigation within confluence areas.
Predictors of Customer Satisfaction with Mass Transit Transport Scheme: Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: P. Abude , C.O. Obinna , C.N. Ireneus
Published: July 2023

Most mass transport businesses collapse due to problems ranging from financial impropriety, inadequate government financial support, and lack of qualified staff, among others. These problems manifest in poor service quality and its consequences, such as customer dissatisfaction and switching behaviour. This study investigates the relationship between mass transit service quality and customer satisfaction south-south States of Nigeria by moderating the effect of personal characteristics. To accomplish this, a cross-sectional survey research design was employed, and data was collected from 400 respondents drawn from commuters intercepted at various Mass Transit Parks in selected South-South states in Nigeria. The hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression (MRA) through SPSS version 20. The study results show a significant positive relationship between availability, reliability, staff behaviour, service information about routes and customer satisfaction with mass transportation services quality. The result also showed that personal characteristics of mass transit staff moderate staff behaviour, service information about routes and comfort but do not moderate accessibility, availability and reliability. It was, therefore, recommended that mass transit operators should improve service quality by ensuring that mass transit buses are well maintained and clean, ensure that the buses or vehicles have scheduled time and follow those schedules to avoid passengers getting frustrated due to long waits or delayed movement and also provide the service information about routes to enhance customer satisfaction.
Nanosuspension: A Novel Technology for Drug Delivery
Authors: Ashok Kheradkar Vidya , Ahmed S. Mulla Jameel
Published: July 2023

Nanotechnology includes nanosuspensions. Nanotechnology has become a huge area in the world of medicine. An appealing and promising approach to address the lipophilic like bio-available and poor solvability concerning the pharmaceuticals is nanosuspension. The majority of recently developed medications have poor water solubility. Drug formulation is usually complicated by medicines' limited water solubility. There are numerous standard methods for improving the solubility of pharmaceuticals that are poorly soluble, including Media Milling, Homogenization, precipitation technique, et cetera. A new approach in medication development is the development disintegrable medicinal formulations using nanotechnology. Particle sizes used in nanotechnology range are from 1 to 1000 nm. The increase in dissolving rate that results from drug particle size reduction into the submicron region naturally improves bioavailability. An efficient new method for improving the dissolution of low soluble in water medicines is nanosuspension technology. A nanosuspension improves the safety and effectiveness of a medicine by addressing issues with lipophilic like bio-available and poor solvability, as well as by changing the pharmacokinetics.
A Review on Novel Approach of Gastro-Retentive Oral Drug Delivery System
Authors: Saxena Anamika , Tiwari Gayatri , Bhatt Vikash
Published: July 2023

The primary goal of this review is to examine and test the efficacy of new gastroretentive techniques for dealing with drugs that are without difficulty absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and have very short half-lives that are rapidly removed from the systemic circulation. To have an excellent therapeutic effect, these drugs must be taken frequently. A systematic search and collection of reviewed information from Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to identify studies on current medications. Several methods are used to retain the drug and enhancethe bioavailability, conventional effect versus floating effect. The current approaches of floating drug delivery systems can be used to reduce complex tasks associated with conventional oral dose forms and release the drug at a specific absorption site, which has been shown in these reviews to be effective in targeting drug release at a specific absorption site to improve the bioavailability of a specific drug material. Based on the data presented, the conclusion is that it can also provide local medication delivery in the stomach and proximal small intestine. To achieve the system with the intended activity, it is critical to select the right technology for the right goal via asuitable mechanism of action. These technologies can solve various problems while improving a pharmaceutical dosage form.
Het messenverbod
Authors: Dammers D.J.M. (Dirk) , Timorason A.M. (Aimée)
Published: July 2023

Het messenverbod. Een wetsvoorstel met toegevoegde waarde voor de aanpak van de messenproblematiek onder jongeren?

Door de Minister van Justitie en Veiligheid is in verband met de messenproblematiek onder jongeren een wetsvoorstel ingediend ter wijziging van de Wet Wapens en Munitie inhoudende de invoering van een verbod op de verkoop van bepaalde gebruiksmessen aan minderjarigen en het dragen daarvan in de openbare ruimte. Er kunnen (materieelrechtelijke en formeelrechtelijke) vraagtekens worden geplaatst bij de toegevoegde waarde van dit wetsvoorstel. Interventies vanuit criminologisch perspectief lijken veeleer aangewezen ter oplossing van dit probleem.
Voorkomen door bestraffen. De paradox van een repressieve aanpak van het fenomeen uithalers
Authors: Van der Meij P.P.J. (Patrick)
Published: July 2023

Voorkomen door bestraffen. De paradox van een repressieve aanpak van het fenomeen uithalers

De Rotterdamse haven is sinds jaar en dag een belangrijke invoerplek voor de internationale handel in verdovende middelen. In het nieuws wordt breed uitgemeten hoeveel containers zijn onderschept, maar ondanks die successen bereikt toch een enorme hoeveelheid cocaïne langs die weg de Nederlandse markt. De invoer omvat verscheidene vormen van criminaliteit, die alle onder de noemer van ondermijning worden bestreden. De laatste jaren is veel aandacht gericht op de zogenoemde uithalers, veelal jonge criminelen die zich voor een geringe beloning bereid tonen de verdovende middelen uit de containers te halen en buiten het haventerrein te brengen. Om die vorm van criminaliteit te bestrijden is een nieuwe strafbaarstelling in het leven geroepen, artikel 138aa Sr. Het is echter de vraag of die nieuwe strafbaarstelling voldoende effect sorteert en sterker nog: of de repressieve aanpak van de uithalers niet juist een averechts effect heeft.
Performance of soybean (Glycine max) intercropped with different cereals under varying levels of nitrogen
Authors: LAYEK J , SHIVAKUMAR B G , RANA D S , MUNDA S , K LAKSHMAN , A S PANWAR , DAS A , I RAMKRUSHNA G
Published: July 2023

A field experiment conducted during 2009 and 2010 at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the performance of soybean as influenced by the intercropping of cereals, viz. maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) with 0, 50, 75 and 100% of their respective recommended dose of N (RDN) levels. In all 12 intercropping systems in 2:1 ratio of soybean+ maize, soybean+sorghum and soybean+pearl millet with 4 levels of RDN to cereal component crops along with sole soybean were carried out in a randomized block designand replicated thrice. The performance of soybean was greatly influenced by the intercrops as well as N levels. The sole crop of soybean recorded higher number of branches, drymatter accumulation, root biomass; leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate as compared to soybean grown in intercropping systems. Likewise the yield attributes, yield and harvest index were also higher with sole soybean. Among the intercropping systems, soybean+pearl millet had greater negative impact on performance of soybean as compared to soybean+maize and soybean+sorghum system. The increase in N levels to cereal crops in intercropping systems showed negative impact on the growth and yield attributes, and yield of soybean. The 100% RDN to intercropped cereals had the highest negative effect while the control had the least. The highest gross returns, net returns, B: C ratio and soybean equivalent yield (SEY) were observed under soybean+maize intercropping system along with 100% RDN to intercropped maize in both the years of experimentation. Among the intercropping systems, soybean+maize intercropping systems recorded higher returns and SEY than others.
DUS characterization of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) varieties
Authors: CHOUDHARY B R , PANDEY S , RAO E S , SHARMA S K
Published: July 2023

The present study was carried out for morphological characterization of twelve reference varieties of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) collected from ICAR institutes and SAUs to validate DUS testing guidelines using plant descriptors adopted from the DUS guidelines of PPV and FRA. Among 34 morphological characters studied, 19 were visually assessed and 15 were measured. The fruit shape in longitudinal section was expressed as ovate (MHY 5), elongated globe (Arka Rajhans), oblate (GMM 3, Kashi Madhu) and obovate (Durgapura Madhu). The rind colour of fruit have been grouped as yellow (Kashi Madhu), yellow green (Durgapura Madhu) and orange (Arka Jeet). The sutures on fruit surface were found to be absent in Arka Jeet, MHY 3 and present in Hara Madhu, Kashi Madhu varieties. With respect to netting on fruit surface the varieties have been grouped as absent of netting (Arka Jeet, MHY 5) and moderate netting (RM 50, Punjab Sunehri). The flesh colour was expressed as creamish white (Arka Jeet), grey orange (GMM 3), yellowish green (Durgapura Madhu), green (Hara Madhu) and orange (Kashi Madhu). Under results, no intra-varietal variation was observed for any of the visual characteristics examined. Further, the expression of characters in different varieties remained same for the three consecutive years confirming the uniformity and stability of the varieties for visual characteristics. The varieties were grouped into different categories for each character based on 34 descriptors which may be used as reference varieties. Identified 6 traits as grouping traits, viz. sex expression (at full flowering), fruit shape in longitudinal section, rind colour of fruit, sutures on rind, surface netting of fruit and fruit flesh colour. The morphological characterization of extant varieties was completed to establish distinctness of the candidate variety from all other varieties to utilize these varieties as reference material for protection of other varieties under PPV&FR Act.
Post-harvest physiological deterioration of cassava (Manihot esculenta) - A review
Authors: SARAVANAN RAJU , RAVI VELUMANI , STEPHEN ROY , THAJUDHIN SHERIFF , GEORGE JAMES
Published: July 2023

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a valued root crop grown throughout the tropics for food, feed and biofuel and industrial uses. Fresh cassava roots have short shelf-life due to an endogenous phenomenon called Post-harvest Physiological Deterioration (PPD). The estimated losses fresh cassava roots due to PPD is nearly 1/3rd of total harvest world-wide. PPD symptom starts within 24 hr after harvest, initially as blue black discolouration in the storage parenchyma which quickly spread to entire root. The roots become unfit for consumption within 2-3 days after the harvest in most cases. Several lines of evidence suggest that the PPD of cassava roots is an enzymatic, endogenous oxidative process. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been shown to increase very early during PPD and strongly correlated with the symptoms and also evidenced by the active involvement of key ROS enzymes during PPD. Increase of phenolic compounds in freshly harvested roots (e.g. scopoletin), accumulation of H<sub2O2 and other wound induced changes and inherently low protein content of roots tissue are also implicated for the rapid deterioration. Conventional PPD managements like waxing of fresh cassava roots and polybag storage with suitable fungicides are normally recommended and offer relief to certain extent. Efforts to breed delayed PPD in cassava had met with little success. Several attempts to manipulate the ROS metabolism through recombinant technologies proved little success at field level. Understanding the wound response of cassava roots and its signalling network is essential to evolve strategies to delay the PPD and prolong the shelf-life of fresh cassava roots.
Relative efficiency of sulphur sources at varying rate in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: RAM ASHA , KUMAR DINESH , ANAND ANJALI , SINGH NAIN , PRASAD DASHARATH
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of sulphur fertilization on productivity, economics and nutrient use efficiencies of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system.The results revealed that aerobic rice and wheat both responded to sulphur significantly. Sulphur fertilization in aerobic rice through gypsum @ 30 and 60 kg S/ha and phosphogypsum @ 30 and 60 kg S/ha increased the rice equivalent yield of system by 7.8, 10.6, 7.0 and 9.8 %, respectively, over control (no sulphur in rice). The values for per cent increase in rice equivalent yield of systems was 8.4 and 11.6% for 15 and 30 kg S/ha, respectively, when applied to wheat over the control treatment in wheat. Significant response of S applied to rice was found only up to 30 kg S/ha, except 30 kg S/ha applied through phosphogypsum during 2010-11. In wheat, significant response of S was found only up to 15 kg S/ha during second year. During first year of rice-wheat cropping system, economic optimum dose (EOD) of sulphur was 30 kg S/ha through gypsum to rice and 15 kg elemental S/ha to succeeding wheat, while during second year only 30 kg S/ha through either of the sources to rice was found sufficient for both the crops. The apparent sulphur balances and available sulphur in soil were more in higher doses of S application to both the crops. The partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and crop recovery of applied S were highest with application of 30 kg S/ha in aerobic rice and 15 kg S/ha in succeeding wheat during both the years of experimentation.
Correlation between virulence and antimicrobial resistance to antimicrobial drugs in Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Bibi Nusrat , . Sabahat , Kalim Zahra , Owais Muhammad , Raza Hafiz Ali , Kausar Shaheen
Published: July 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae is accountable for a widespread range of infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, liver abscesses and bacteremia. In addition to susceptible clinical isolates involved in multidrug-resistant (MDR), nosocomial infections and hypervirulent (hvKP) strains have evolved separately in distinct clonal groups. These isolates are spread in various geographical regions globally. However, the virulence of K. pneumoniae is still unknown but the virulence of hvKP is beginning to revealed. The antimicrobial resistance is creating threatened for the treatment of K. pneumoniae. The antimicrobial resistance is usually associated with genetic mobile elements such as plasmids having virulence determinants. A proficient pathogen should be virulent, resistant to antibiotics, and epidemic. However, the interplay between resistance and virulence is poorly understood. Here, we review current knowledge on the topic.
Nicotine-Dependent Risk Of Developing Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zilfyan Arto , Avagyan Stepan
Published: July 2023

For the past twenty years, information concerning the relationship between Parkinson’s disease and the use of tobacco products has appeared in highly respected scientific publications. As a whole, these studies were epidemiological. As a rule, these studies showed that individuals who abused tobacco products for many years and quit smoking only in old age had a significantly increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Only a few studies have attempted to identify the structural-functional relationship between the effects of nicotine on the representative brain areas responsible for the onset of Parkinson’s disease. During prolonged tobacco use, nicotine that enters the brain tissue activates the nicotine-dependent acetylcholine receptors localized in dopaminergic neurons, resulting in the release of dopamine. In this study, we attempted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the onset of Parkinson’s disease in individuals who have quit smoking, i.e. under conditions of nicotine withdrawal in the brain.” In our opinion, the “preventive effect” of nicotine on dopaminergic neurons is realized through four interdependent mechanisms: 1. By the receptor mechanism, due to the nicotine-dependent acetylcholine receptors located on dopaminergic neurons, 2. Due to the balanced release and reuptake of dopamine to dopaminergic neurons, 3. Due to prevention of α-synuclein aggregation and fibrillation process, 4. Due to the inhibitory effect of nicotine on the processes of activating the synthesis of aliphatic polyamines in dopaminergic neurons of the corpus striatum and nucleus caudatum. In cases of nicotine “deficiency”, neurodegenerative disorders pathognomonic for Parkinson’s disease can occur in the brain: 1. The exchange of dopamine and aliphatic polyamines in dopaminergic neurons is disturbed, 2. The processes of transforming native α-synuclein into its aggregated and fibrillar forms are intensified, 3. Ultimately, the intraneuronal dopamine-synuclein complex with a pronounced neurotoxic action spectrum may appear. 4. Older adults, in conditions of abrupt smoking cessation, are recommended to use Eflornithine, as well as a polyamine-free and polyamine-deficient diet.
Developing an English Vocabulary Material Using English Learning Application
Authors: Luthfi Abdillah Muhammad
Published: July 2023

This research focuses on developing English vocabulary material by using English Learning Application at 1st-grade MTs. Mambaus Sholihin Gresik. The material of this product was designed according to the needs and characteristics of the students. With this material, students can learn English vocabulary easily because the application is very practical to use for learning. In this research, the researcher used the approach of Research and development, Research and development is a method used to create some product and then try it to the objective of the study about the effectiveness of the product. The data collection techniques which were used in this research were distributing questionnaires to students and interviewing the teacher. The questionnaires were applied in the needs analysis stage. The students’ characteristics and learning resources were observed by doing a need analysis. The application was effective. Students were able to increase their vocabulary and able to reduce their boredom with learning English. They also believed that the product was useful to assist them in learning vocabulary. The role of the application as a medium for learning vocabulary is very influential, this is because before learning we must pay attention to the motivation and interest of students in learning. The application is proven to be able to overcome student motivation and interest. The improvement, revision, addition, and alteration had been done based on the feedback from the expert and the subjects of the product try-out.
Dampak fluktuasi kurs transaksi atas indeks sektoral di Indonesia
Authors: Rompas Christdeo Deva , Tuhatelu Christian Imanuel Octavianus
Published: July 2023

The tendency of the IDR exchange rate to strengthen against the USD until the end of April 2023 implies conditions for good economic growth in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the exchange rate and sector indices in Indonesia with an observation period from 1 January 2023 to 30 April 2023. This study finds that COMPOSITE, IDXINDUST, IDXPROPERT, IDXFINANCE, and IDXTRANS had a significant non-unidirectional relationship with changes in exchange rates. Other findings also show that IDXINFRA and IDXHEALTH have a significant unidirectional relationship with changes in exchange rates. However, the findings also show that IDXBASIC, IDXCYCLIC, IDXENERGY, IDXNONCYC, and IDXTECHNO tend to be more stable with changes in exchange rates.
Onomastica în paginile Revistei „Arhivele Olteniei” (seria veche)
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor”  din Craiova, al Academiei Române, Nica Burci Iustina
Published: July 2023

The Craiova publication “Arhivele Olteniei” (old series) did not have a special column for toponymy or anthroponymy, but articles whose theme concerned the names of places and people, as well as reviews that signalled the appearance of new works in these fields, have appeared permanently in the pages of the magazine throughout its publication. In addition to these, a series of articles have been published, with a subject that did not address toponymy or anthroponymy topics, but in which we find plenty of information (various lists with names of people or localities, genealogies), useful to the two. In the pages of this paper, we set out to capture the concerns of the scholars and scientists from Oltenia of the first half of the 20th century, regarding the name of the area and to analyse their contributions. There is to be noticed that some problems have been approached with particular meticulousness and that pertinent solutions have been found, other times ideas and explanations have long been outdated. Be that as it may, the studies and articles of toponymy and anthroponymy have perfectly fit the desiderata of the magazine: on the one hand, to bring to light important materials for our past, on the other hand, to make known the cultural and life manifestations of the time.
Probleme juridice și legislative prezentate În paginile Revistei „Arhivele Olteniei” (1922–1943)
Authors:   Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Craiova, Nacu Alexandra
Published: July 2023

: In my article, I want to present some legislative and juridical issues which could be studied observe that a lot of articles with historical, social themes had also included some legislative and juridical issues: historical documents of property, frontiers of Wallachia, institutional development. In the law we always have two main tendencies: the legislation primary texts and the results of their application in society. On this reason, I considered that the articles published in „Arhivele Olteniei” deserve a special attention.
Caracteristici ale ocupaţiei austriece în Oltenia
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor”  din Craiova, Radu Laurențiu
Published: July 2023

For almost two decades, Oltenia was under the domination of the Habsburg Empire, whose expansion into southeastern Europe reached its highest limits under the command of the political and strategic of Prince Eugene of Savoy. Effectively conquered from the end of 1716, Oltenia was rightfully framed within the empire by the treaty of the summer of 1718 and remained under Austrian rule until 1739, the year of the Peace of Belgrade. The incorporation of Oltenia can be considered as a first attempt to integrate a region inhabited almost entirely by Romanians in a political ensemble of multinational nuance, specific to Western Europe. All areas of life (political, social, economic, administrative, legal, military), have undergone transformations, which has led to a permanent confrontation between the local authorities, represented by the nobility and the imperial authorities. In 1739, Oltenia was reintegrated into Wallachia, after two decades in which the Austrian administration experimented with a "model", which would later be taken over by the Phanariot rulers.
Unele aspecte privind propaganda bolșevică prin presa românească interbelică (1919–1939)
Authors:   Universitatea „Ovidius” din Constanța, Cojoc Mariana , Cojoc Marian ,   Universitatea „Ovidius” din Constanța
Published: July 2023

The creation of the Third Communist International (March 2-6, 1919) intensified the process of disseminating anti-national "theses" aimed at the stability and integrity of Europe at the end of the First World War. For Romania, the provinces "pursued" in the communist propaganda act were Transylvania, Basarabia, Bucovina, and Dobrogea. From this point of view, significant, along with the archive documents, are numerous articles published in the press of the time. Thus publications such as "Socialismul", "Înainte", "Scânteia" played an essential role in supporting Bolshevik politics in the interwar period.
Consideraţii privind rolul istoric al aşezămintelor mănăstireşti din Oltenia în opera lui Ion Donat
Authors:   Universitatea din Craiova, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Sociale, Dinulescu Constanțiu
Published: July 2023

In this article we presented an aspect of the historiographical concerns belonging to the historian Ion Donat, namely that of detailing the information regarding a place of worship located on the northwestern edge of the city of Craiova, near Jiu. At the same time, in this context, we presented the battle of Creţeşti-Dolj in 1602, with its implications and meanings for how to obtain the royal seat of Wallachia, in the whirlwind of events after the assassination of Michael the Brave, Oltenia being a region involved in the election of the future leader of the medieval Wallachian state.
Studii și articole din Revista „Arhivele Olteniei” privind Casele Băniei din Craiova
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane, „C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor”, Craiova,  al Academiei Române, Gavrilă-Ciobotea Ion Leone
Published: July 2023

The Baniei House, a monument of medieval architecture and the oldest civil construction in Craiova, was built at the end of the 15th century by the Craiovian boyars, and in 1699 it was rebuilt by the martyred ruler, Constantin Brâncoveanu. Only part of the cellars remain from the original Craioves' construction. In the whirlwind of history, the old foundation has been burned down many times, has passed through different owners and administrations and has "suffered", according to needs, transformations, additions and architectural deletions. Thus, between 1718 and 1739, the Casa Baniei became the seat of the Austrian administration, which fortified it for defence. In 1750, the building was ceded by the ruler Grigore Ghica to the Bishopric of Râmnic. From 1850, the building became the headquarters for various institutions of the city: the Craiova Court, the Frații Buzești High School, the local Seminary, the State Archives. From 1933, the building housed the Oltenia Museum until 1948, when it became the property of the Oltenia Metropolitanate. Since 1966, the old monument of Brancoveneque architecture houses the Ethnography Section of the Oltenia Museum.
Security in Central and Eastern Europe in a period of strategic shocks
Authors: Tálas Péter
Published: July 2023

The study examines the security policy shocks and responses to these shocks in the countries and societies of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region, and how these shocks and responses have changed the relationship of CEE countries with the European Union since 2008. It interprets the financial and economic crisis of 2008, the illegal Russian annexation of Crimea and Russian support for separatism in Eastern Ukraine from 2014, the migration crisis of 2015, the Covid-19 epidemic and the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war in February 2022 as a security shock. It concludes that while CEE countries have improved their crisis management capacity, they often rely more on national solutions than on joint European crisis management actions.
Reforming the Hungarian defense force
Authors: Csiki Varga
Published: July 2023

The modernization of the Hungarian Defense Forces started in the mid2010s after two decades of neglect and underfinancing. The paper maps, explains and assesses the internal drivers of defense modernization within the framework of the Zrínyi Homeland Defense and Armed Forces Development Program, relying on primary open sources on military strategy, planning and budgeting, as well as secondary sources on the implementation of defense modernization, including procurements and the development of the defense industry. As German-Hungarian defense cooperation has become a central element of modernization, now expanding from procurement to joint formations and joint production, a brief case study assessment in the end highlights what is at the core of long-term modernization, where synergies of force development, arms modernization, defense industrial production and international military tasks mutually strengthen each other.
Cliché-ridden Online Danmei Fiction? A Case Study of Tianguan ci fu
Authors: Wang Aiqing
Published: July 2023

Popular literature online is often misconstrued as being cliché-ridden and formulaic, and has thus not attained as much critical attention as ‘serious’ literature. I propound that popular literature published in China’s cyberspace deserves more attention and hermeneutic scrutiny, and I place an emphasis on danmei (耽美) fiction that features male-male romantic and/or erotic relationships and is predominantly published on a female-oriented website called Jinjiang Literature City. In this research, I investigate an online danmei novel entitled Tianguan ci fu (天官赐福) that concerns a homosexual romance against a background of ‘immortality cultivation’ (xiuxian 修仙 or xiuzhen 修真), which had been maintaining the highest ranking on readers’ voting list since its release on Jinjiang Literature City in 2017. I postulate that Tianguan ci fu does not deploy clichéd plots pertaining to quasi-heterosexual relationships, which frequently occur in danmei fiction. Apart from conveying the theme of love, the narrative concerns the complexity of human nature via an array of characters possessing multifaceted personality traits. More significantly, with a setting of mortal and immortal realms, the narrative entails religious ideologies, especially the indigenous Daoist ascension, mortality-immorality polarity and yin-yang integration. Furthermore, ethic-religious Confucian precepts such as benevolence and filial piety are also demonstrated, along with the Sinicised Buddhist creeds of reincarnation and retribution, which embodies the amalgamation of (sub)religions as a preponderant ideal of ‘the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism’ (san jiao he yi 三教合一). Therefore, analysing this exemplary online novel can shed light on (a)theistic attitudes adopted by creators and consumers of Internet danmei literature.
Concept of Monobloc, Traveling Wave, Space Charge Current Limited Linear Accelerator for Radiotherapy in Oncology
Authors: Konoplev Ivan Vasilevich , Dey Sparshita , Zelenkova Marina Nikolaevna
Published: July 2023

The number of cancer cases will grow annually and according to WHO it will reach 25 million cases a year by 2035. Radiotherapy (RT) is a key element for the treatment of the 80 % of the cases [1-3] and its development and accessibility are the main routes for further improvement. At the current moment the large percentage of the negative outcomes of the cancer treatment is attributed to either lack of the RT machines or technical personal capable to maintain it. A modular approach to structure such an equipment is one of the ways to resolve the issues. The aim of the studies is to develop a conceptual design of a single module compact accelerator for medical applications and specifically RT of cancers. Development of such a machine is an important step to resolve the RT availability and challenging task from research and design point of view. The studies carried out using analytical and numerical (CST MW studio) approaches. In this paper the conceptual design of such a monobloc traveling wave (12 GHz) accelerator with the space charge limited electron beam current is presented and discussed. The accelerating section made of set of specially designed cell with average constant accelerating potential around 40 MV/m is demonstrated and its properties are discussed. It is shown that the low-relativistic electron beam can reach energy of 10 MeV on the length of the section less than 30 cm. It is shown that the electron beam capture, modulation and transportation takes place inside the accelerating section with the beam transportation efficiency above 80 %. It is illustrated that the main beam losses are taking place at the initial stage of beam formation and ways to optimise the system and minimise the beam losses are discussed. The results of the studies are compared and good agreement is demonstrated.
Brain areas for reversible symbolic reference, a potential singularity of the human brain
Authors: van Kerkoerle Timo , Pape Louise , Ekramnia Milad , Feng Xiaoxia , Tasserie Jordy , Dupont Morgan , Li Xiaolian , Jarraya Béchir , Vanduffel Wim , Dehaene Stanislas , Dehaene-Lambertz Ghislaine
Published: July 2023

The emergence of symbolic thinking has been proposed as a dominant cognitive criterion to distinguish humans from other primates during hominisation. Although the proper definition of a symbol has been the subject of much debate, one of its simplest features is bidirectional attachment: the content is accessible from the symbol, and vice versa. Behavioural observations scattered over the past four decades suggest that this criterion might not be met in non-human primates, as they fail to generalise an association learned in one temporal order (A to B) to the reverse order (B to A). Here, we designed an implicit fMRI test to investigate the neural mechanisms of arbitrary audio–visual and visual–visual pairing in monkeys and humans and probe their spontaneous reversibility. After learning a unidirectional association, humans showed surprise signals when this learned association was violated. Crucially, this effect occurred spontaneously in both learned and reversed directions, within an extended network of high-level brain areas, including, but also going beyond, the language network. In monkeys, by contrast, violations of association effects occurred solely in the learned direction and were largely confined to sensory areas. We propose that a human-specific brain network may have evolved the capacity for reversible symbolic reference.