bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salvage surgery for advanced non-small cell lung cancer following previous immunotherapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Higuchi Mitsunori , Inomata Sho , Yamaguchi Hikaru , Saito Takuro , Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

Background
The development of systemic chemotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has provided patients with unresectable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) an opportunity to undergo surgical intervention after initial treatment. However, no consensus regarding the indication for salvage surgery in these patients has been reached.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent salvage surgery for advanced NSCLC (cStage IIIA–IVB) after treatment with ICIs from January 2018 to December 2022 at Aizu Medical Center and Fukushima Medical University Hospital. We evaluated the patients’ clinical data, calculated disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and assessed the survival benefit using the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results
Thirteen patients underwent salvage surgery after immunotherapy. All patients achieved downstaging after initial chemotherapy. Eleven patients underwent lobectomy, and one patient underwent extirpation of intra-abdominal lymph nodes. The mean surgery time and intraoperative blood loss were 242.2 minutes and 415.1 g, respectively. The mean drainage period was 4.2 days (range, 2–9 days). Grade ≥ 3 postoperative complications were confirmed in three patients. The 2-year DFS rate was 71.2%, and the 2-year OS rate was 76.2%. A pathological complete response compatible with ypStage 0 was achieved in four (30.8%) patients. Patients with ypStage 0 and I achieved significantly better OS than those with ypStage ≥ II (p = 0.044), and patients without severe complications achieved significantly better DFS and OS than those with severe complications (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusions
Salvage surgery after chemotherapy including ICIs is a feasible and effective treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC, especially those who acquire downstaging to pathological stage 0 or I. However, severe perioperative complications might affect patient survival. A prospective study is urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy of salvage surgery.
Functional connectivity of a coastal landscape for three tidal marsh songbirds: a translocation experiment
Authors: Oakley William F. , Given Aaron M. , Patten Michael A. , Bridge Eli S.
Published: March 2023

Context.
Predicting species’ responses to environmental changes requires assessments of site fidelity as well as an understanding of how individuals move through habitats that may become heterogenous and/or fragmented.
Objectives.
We used translocation experiments to evaluate the functional connectivity of a heterogenous saltmarsh landscape for three coastal marsh songbird species during the non-breeding winter season. We tested whether species differed in their movement abilities and if landcover type and translocation distance had any influence on movement.
Methods.
Over two consecutive winter seasons, we radio-tagged and experimentally translocated Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima; n = 42), Nelson’s Sparrows (A. nelsoni; n = 10), and Saltmarsh Sparrows (A. caudacuta; n = 6) 0.26 – 2.3 km across two different landscape types (i.e., continuous marsh vs. fragmented marsh) and monitored their return success and times.
Results.
Overall return success was high (72% of 57), but we found no clear evidence that return success differed among species or between continuous and fragmented marsh. Return times did not appear to be significantly influenced by species, landscape treatment, or translocation distance.
Conclusions.
Our findings indicate a strong fidelity in all three species of marsh sparrow to wintering home ranges and associated high-tide roost sites. This strong homing instinct may have led to the surprising result that wintering marsh sparrow movements are not significantly impacted by habitat fragmentation.
MSCT Analysis of the Length of Left Main Coronary Artery: Its Relation to Gender, Age, Diameter and Branching Pattern of Left Main Coronary Artery, and Coronary Dominance
Authors: Javed Saeed , Mei Yixuan , Zhang Yi , Liu Cheng , Liu Shuwei
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) aimed to analyse and correlate the length of the left main stem with potentially important clinical parameters that may influence treatment.

Materials and Methods

1500 patients (851 men, 649 women; mean age 57.38 ± 11.03 [SD] years; age range: 5–85 years) who underwent the MSCT scans from September 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively included. Using the syngo.via post-processing workstation, the data was used to generate 3D simulations of a coronary tree. The reconstructed images were then interpreted to assess the morphological features and variants of the coronary arteries. Means ± standard deviations and the percentages were calculated. Chi-square and Pearson correlation statistical data were also reported.

Results

We found a medium LMCA in 1206 (80.4%) cases, a long LMCA in 133 (8.9%) cases, and in 161 (10.7%) cases a short LMCA was observed. The average diameter of LMCA at its midpoint was 4.69 ± 0.74 mm. The most frequent type of division of LMCA was bifurcation in 1076 (71.7%) cases; in 424 (28.3%) of cases, the LMCA was divided into three or more branches. The dominance was right in 1339 (89.3%), left in 78 (5.2%), and co-dominant in 83(5.5%) cases. There was a positive correlation between the length and branching patterns of LMCA, χ2 = 113.993, P = 0.000 (＜0.05). Other variables like sex, age, diameter of LMCA, and coronary dominance did not show any significant correlation.

Conclusion

There is an association between the length of the left main stem and the branching characteristics of the left main stem which may be essential for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery patients.
Towards a major methodological shift in depression research by assessing continuous scores of recurrence of illness, lifetime and current suicidal behaviors and phenome features.
Authors: Maes Michael , Jirakran Ketsupar , Vasupanrajit Asara , Boonchaya-Anant Patchaya , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit
Published: March 2023

Background
The binary major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis is inadequate and should never be used in research.
Aims
The study's objective is to explicate our novel precision nomothetic strategy for constructing depression models based on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), lifetime and current phenome, and biomarker (atherogenicity indices) scores.
Methods
This study assessed recurrence of illness (ROI: namely recurrence of depressive episodes and suicidal behaviors), lifetime and current suicidal behaviors and the phenome of depression, neuroticism, dysthymia, anxiety disorders, and lipid biomarkers (including ApoA, ApoB, free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol) in 67 normal controls and 66 MDD patients. We computed atherogenic and reverse cholesterol transport indices.
Results
We were able to extract one factor from a) the lifetime phenome of depression comprising ROI, and traits such as neuroticism, dysthymia and anxiety disorders, and b) the phenome of the acute phase (based on depression, anxiety and quality of life scores). PLS analysis showed that 55.7% of the variance in the lifetime + current phenome factor was explained by increased atherogenicity, neglect and sexual abuse, while atherogenicity partially mediated the effects of neglect. Cluster analysis generated a cluster of patients with major dysmood disorder, which was externally validated by increased atherogenicity and characterized by increased scores of all clinical features.
Conclusions
The outcome of depression should not be represented as a binary variable (MDD or not), but rather as multiple dimensional scores based on biomarkers, ROI, subclinical depression traits, and lifetime and current phenome scores including suicidal behaviors.
Estrogen suppresses DMRT1 protein expression during ovarian development in the chicken
Authors: Zhao Debiao , Liu Long , Nandi Sunil , McBride Derek , Ioannidis Jason , Yang Xiurong , Gong Daoqing , McGrew Mike J. , Clinton Michael
Published: March 2023

Primary sex determination determines the development of a bipotential gonad as a testis or as an ovary.DMRT1gene is essential for testis development and estrogen has a role in ovariaogenesis. We find that estrogen suppresses DMRT1 protein expression and prevents the sex cord formation in the chicken developing ovary. Our detailed characterisation ofDMRT1expression shows that DMRT1 protein levels are equivalent in male and female gonadal medulla during the bipotential phase of development in the chick. During the differentiation phase, DMRT1 protein levels are gradually reduced in the medulla of the developing ovary, concurrent with FOXL2 expression. Analysis of sex-reversed gonads and mixed-sex chimeric gonads suggests that the reduction in DMRT1 protein (not RNA) expression by estrogen signalling prevents the formation of sex cords in the female gonad medulla. Hence, we hypothesise that estrogen signalling is involved in the feminization of gonad medulla during avian ovariogenesis by suppressing DMRT1 protein expression.
2-Deoxyglucose and hydroxychloroquine HPLC-MS-MS analytical methods and pharmacokinetic interactions after oral co-administration in male rats
Authors: Sun Dongxiao , Kim Sangyub , Karelia Deepkamal , Deng Yibin , Jiang Cheng , Lü Junxuan
Published: March 2023

Our previous work has shown a synergistic tumoricidal action of the hexokinase (HK) inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on HK2-addicted prostate cancers in animal models through intraperitoneal injections. Here we developed high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) methods for 2-DG and clinically favored drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and explored PK interaction of the orally administered drugs in a jugular vein cannulated male rat model, which allowed serial blood collection before and 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after a single gavage dose of each drug alone or simultaneously after appropriate washout periods between the drugs. The results demonstrated a rapid and satisfactory separation of 2-DG standard from common monosaccharides by HPLC-MS-MS multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) and the presence of endogenous “2-DG”. Application of the HPLC-MS-MS 2-DG and HCQ methods to sera samples of 9 evaluable rats showed a peak time (Tmax) of 2-DG of 0.5 h after 2-DG dosing alone or with HCQ and glucose-like PK behavior. With a seemingly bi-modal time course for HCQ, the Tmax for HCQ dosing alone (1.2 h) was faster than that for the combination (2 h; p = 0.013, 2-tailed t-test). After combination dosing, the peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of 2-DG were decreased by 54% (p < 0.0001) and 52%, whereas those for HCQ were decreased by 40% (p = 0.026) and 35%, respectively, compared to single dosing. The data suggest significant negative PK interactions between the two oral drugs taken simultaneously and warrant optimization efforts for the combination regimen.
On the Index of the Octic Number Field Defined by x8+ax+b
Authors: Hamid Ben Yakkou , Boudine Brahim
Published: March 2023

Let K be an octic number field generated by a complex root θ of a monic irreducible trinomial F(x) = x8 + ax + b ∈ Z[x], where a and b are two non-zero rational integers. Let i(K) be the index of K. In this paper, we show that i(K) is either 1 or a power of 2. Further, we give necessary and suffcient conditions depending only on a and b so that 2 is a prime common index divisor of K. In particular, we provide suffcient conditions for which K is non-monogenic. In such a way our results extend a result proved in [H. Ben Yakkou, On monogenity of certain number fields defned by trinomial of type x8 + ax + b, Acta Math. Hungar. 166 (2022), 614-623], when some suffcient conditions of the divisibility of i(K) by 2 are provided.
Effect of sp 3 /sp 2 carbon ratio and hydrodynamic size on the biodistribution kinetics of nanodiamonds in mice via intravenous injection
Authors: Jeong Jiyoung , Jeon Soyeon , Kim Songyeon , Lee Sinuk , Kim Gyuli , Bae Eunsol , Ha Yeonjeong , Lee Seung Whan , Kim Ji-Su , Kim Dong-Jae , Cho Wan-Seob
Published: March 2023

Background: Nanodiamonds have gained a rapidly growing interest in biomedical applications; however, little is known regarding their biokinetics owing to difficulties in measurements and limited synthesis/purification technologies. In this study, we investigated the distribution kinetics of detonation-synthesized nanodiamonds in mice via intravenous injection to evaluate the parameters that determine the behavior of the particles. We prepared two distinctive nanodiamonds that controlled the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio and particle size by coating them with serum proteins. The four control samples were intravenously injected into mice, and tissue distribution and clearance were evaluated at 30 min and 1, 7, and 28 days post-injection.
Results: The sp3/sp2 carbon ratio showed no correlation with the organ distribution of the nanodiamonds. However, hydrodynamic size showed an excellent correlation with organ distribution levels: a negative correlation in the liver and positive correlations in the spleen and lungs. Furthermore, the deposition levels of nanodiamonds in the lung showed a threshold hydrodynamic size limit of approximately 300 nm to prevent pulmonary deposition.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the tissue distribution of nanodiamonds is modulated not by the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio but by the hydrodynamic size, which can provide helpful information for targeting the tissue of nanodiamonds.
Post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) infection and molecular signaling - A quasi-experimental study evaluating a natural supplement
Authors: Sigamani Alben , Naik K Sunil , Kumar Sangeetha Sampath
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim: Long COVID becomes an economic and public health challenge that affects the daily activities and quality of life of millions of COVID-19 survivors. Long COVID symptoms, particularly persistent fatigue, appear to be associated with a chronic state of inflammation. Based on the anti-inflammatory property of Tinospora cordifolia, CelWel has the potential to improve the symptoms of long COVID. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of CelWel in patients with long COVID.
Methods: This was a non-randomized, open-label pilot study with 15 COVID-19-infected male and female subjects who had long COVID symptoms. Subjects were given 0.4 mL of the CelWel supplement 4–6 times per day for 14 days. The severity of long COVID symptoms was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale Questionnaire (FSSQ) and the Yorkshire COVID-19 Rehabilitation Screening Test (C19-YRS) before and after treatment. In addition, plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the post-acute sequelae score of COVID-19 (PASC) were also assessed. Safety parameters such as adverse events, haematology, and serum biochemistry were also evaluated.
Results: Results showed that all COVID-19 survivors had higher FSSQ, C19-YRS, and PASC scores along with elevated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines before treatment. CelWel supplementation for 14 days significantly reduced FSSQ and C19-YRS scores and plasma cytokine and chemokine levels. Furthermore, with CelWel treatment, PASC scores showed a decreasing trend in 11 subjects, while 4 subjects showed a reverse trend. All laboratory safety parameters were within the normal range, and no adverse events were reported during the study period.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the CelWel supplement is a viable and safe option for reducing the severity of symptoms in patients with long COVID.
An insight into the functional genomics and species classification of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae), a haematophagous parasite of the common carp Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Vorel Jiří , Kmentová Nikol , Hahn Christoph , Bureš Petr , Kašný Martin
Published: March 2023

Background
Monogenea (Platyhelminthes, Neodermata) are the most species-rich class within the Neodermata superclass of primarily fish parasites. Despite their economic and ecological importance, monogenean research tends to focus on their morphological, phylogenetic, and population characteristics, while comprehensive omics analyses aimed at describing functionally important molecules are few and far between. We present a molecular characterisation of monogenean representative Eudiplozoon nipponicum, an obligate haematophagous parasite infecting the gills of the common carp. We report its nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, present a functional annotation of protein molecules relevant to the molecular and biochemical aspect of physiological processes involved in interactions with the fish hosts, and re-examinate the taxonomic position of Eudiplozoonspecies within the Diplozoidae family.
Results
We have generated 50.81 Gbp of raw sequencing data (Illumina and Oxford Nanopore reads), bioinformatically processed, and de novo assembled them into a genome draft 0.94 Gbp long, consisting of 21,044 contigs (N50 = 87 kbp). The final assembly represents 57% of the estimated total genome size (~1.64 Gbp), whereby repetitive and low-complexity regions account for ~64% of the assembled length. In total, 36,626 predicted genes encode 33,031 protein-coding transcripts. Homology-based annotation of transcripts and proteins characterises 14,785 (44.76%) molecules. We have detected significant representation of functional proteins and known molecular functions. The numbers of peptidases and inhibitors (579 proteins), characterised GO terms (16,016 unique assigned GO terms), and identified KEGG Orthology (4,315 proteins) acting in 378 KEGG pathways demonstrate the variety of mechanisms by which the parasite interacts with hosts on a macromolecular level (immunomodulation, feeding, and development). Comparison between the newly assembled E. nipponicum mitochondrial genome (length of 17,038 bp) and other diplozoid monogeneans confirms the existence of two distinct Eudiplozoon species infecting different fish hosts: Cyprinus carpio and Carassiusspp.
Conclusions
Although the amount of sequencing data and characterised molecules of monogenean parasites has recently increased, a better insight into their molecular biology is needed. The E. nipponicum nuclear genome presented here, currently the largest described genome within parasitic helminths, represents a milestone in the study of monogeneans and their molecules but further omics research is needed to understand these parasites’ biological nature.
Coated microbubbles exploit shell buckling to swim
Authors: Chabouh Georges , Mokbel Marcel , Elburg Benjamin van , Versluis Michel , Segers Tim , Aland Sebastian , Quilliet Catherine , Coupier Gwennou
Published: March 2023

Cleverly engineered microswimmers show great promise in various biomedical applications. Current realizations are generally
either too slow, hardly manoeuvrable, or non biocompatible. To overcome these limitations, we consider lipid coated microbubbles
that are already approved for clinical use as diagnostic ultrasound contrast agents. Through a combination of experiments
and numerical simulations, we investigate the swimming motion of these microbubbles under external cyclic overpressure.
Reproducible and non-destructive cycles of deflation and re-inflation of the microbubble generate a net displacement, through
hysteretic buckling events. Our model predicts swimming speeds of the order of m/s, which falls in the range of blood flow
velocity in large vessels. Unlike the acoustic radiation force technique, where the displacement is always directed along the
axis of ultrasound propagation, here, the direction of propulsion is controlled in the shell reference frame. This provides a
solution toward controlled steering in ultrasound molecular imaging and drug delivery
Water stress decreases the biocontrol efficacy of a nucleopolyhedrovirus against the fall armyworm on maize
Authors: Real-Santillán Raúl Omar , del-Val Ek , Williams Trevor , Martínez-Castillo Ana Mabel , Gavito Mayra E. , Contreras-Cornejo Hexon Ángel , Díaz Tsiri , García-Gómez Griselda , Larsen John
Published: March 2023

Drought events are expected to limit crop productivity in the context of current climate change. Drought is also likely to affect multitrophic interactions such as those involving plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies. We designed a two-phase experiment to test the effect of water availability and fertilizer treatment on the interaction between maize, the fall armyworm and its nucleopolyhedrovirus pathogen. Low irrigation of maize plants reduced virus efficiency in armyworm control. In addition, the insects did not feed on plants with high water availability and without fertilization. We conclude that water stress and plant nutrition can affect virus performance and thereby affect the efficiency of biological control and pest management, especially as water and nutrient limitation will likely increase under climate change.
Microwave and RF photonic temporal integrator based on a soliton crystal Kerr microcomb
Authors: Moss David
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate a photonic RF integrator based on an integrated soliton crystal micro-comb source. By multicasting and progressively delaying the input RF signal using a transversal structure, the input RF signal is integrated discretely. Up to 81 wavelengths are provided by the microcomb source, which enable a large time-bandwidth product of 81. Our approach also features a high degree of reconfigurability, by simply adjusting the value of dispersion (i.e., the length of dispersive fibre), the integration time window and resolution can be reconfigured to accommodate a diverse range of applications. We employed 13 km of standard single-mode fibre to achieve a large integration time window of ~6.8 ns, a time resolution as fast as ~84 ps, with a broad bandwidth of 11.9 GHz. In addition, we perform signal integration of a diverse range of input RF signals including Gaussian pulses with varying time widths, dual pulses with varying time intervals and a square waveform. The experimental results show good agreement with theory. These results verify our microcomb-based integrator as a competitive approach for RF signal integration with high performance and potentially lower cost and footprint.
Hopfion rings in a cubic chiral magnet
Authors: Kiselev Nikolai , Zheng Fengshan , Rybakov Filipp , Yang Luyan , Blügel Stefan , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal
Published: March 2023

Magnetic skyrmions and hopfions are topological solitons1, well-localized field configurations that have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their unique particle-like properties, making them promising objects for spintronic applications. Skyrmions2,3 are two-dimensional solitons resembling vortex-like string structures that can penetrate an entire sample. Hopfions4-9 are three-dimensional solitons confined within a magnetic sample volume and can be considered as closed twisted skyrmion strings that take the shape of a ring in the simplest case. Despite extensive research on magnetic skyrmions, the direct observation of magnetic hopfions has remained challenging. Here, we present the first direct observations of coupled states of hopfions and skyrmion strings in FeGe plates using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we provide a protocol for nucleating hopfion rings around skyrmion strings in confined samples, which we verify using Lorentz imaging and electron holography. Our results are highly reproducible, in full agreement with micromagnetic simulations, and offer new insight into the diversity of topological solitons in three-dimensional chiral magnets and their potential for practical applications.
CD44v6 downregulation as a prognostic factor for distant recurrence in resected stage I lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Yoshida Chihiro , Kadota Kyuichi , Yamada Kaede , Fujimoto Syusuke , Ibuki Emi , Ishikawa Ryo , Haba Reiji , Yajima Toshiki
Published: March 2023

Background: CD44 and CD44 variant isoforms have been reported as contributing factors to cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to assess whether CD44 and its variant isoforms were correlated with the prognostic factors for distant metastasis in stage I lung adenocarcinomas using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry.
Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 490 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma resected between 1999 and 2016. We constructed tissue microarrays and performed immunohistochemistry for CD44s, CD44v6, and CD44v9. The risk of disease recurrence and its associations with clinicopathological risk factors were assessed.
Results: CD44v6 expression was significantly associated with recurrence. Patients with CD44v6-negative tumors had a significantly increased risk of developing distant recurrence than patients with CD44v6-positive tumors (5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR), 10.7% vs. 4.6%; P = 0.009). However, CD44v6-negative tumors were not associated with an increased risk of locoregional recurrence compared to CD44v6-positive tumors (5-year CIR, 6.0% vs. 4.0%; P = 0.39). The overall survival (OS) of patients with CD44v6-negative tumors was significantly lower than that of patients with CD44v6-positive tumors (5-year OS: 87% vs. 94%, P = 0.016). CD44v6-negative tumors were also associated with invasive tumor size and lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusion: Even in stage I disease, tumors with negative-CD44v6 expression had more distant recurrences than those with positive-CD44v6 expression and were associated with poor prognosis in resected stage I lung adenocarcinomas. Thus, CD44v6 downregulation may be a prognostic factor for distant metastasis in stage I lung adenocarcinomas.
Assessment of the awareness of CPR concepts among medical students in the Syrian Private University.
Authors: Hasan Shahad Al Hattab Al , Zoda Aws , Ruqmani Najwa
Published: March 2023

A cross sectional study was conducted on Syiran Private University students. A questionnaire was used that was created under the supervision of a specialist physician, and filled out by students. When asked if they were able to save a person who had a heart attack outside the scope of health care, 215 students answered yes, at a rate of 47%, while the remaining 241 students answered no, at a rate of 53%.
Do Institutions Control Carbon Emissions Due to Globalization and Growth? Analysis of Saarc and Asean Regions
Authors: Aslam Naveed , Yang Wanping
Published: March 2023

This study looks into how institutions could assist SAARC and ASEAN nations in lowering carbon emissions brought on by globalization and economic growth from 2000 to 2021. For empirical analysis, this study uses Pooled OLS, fixed effect, and random effect models to overcome the endogeneity, two stages least squares (2SLS) instrumental variables are used. This study provides initial evidence in favor of the growth-emission nexus environmental kuznet curve theory. Second, this study also justified the findings of existing studies that globalization increases carbon emissions in both regions. More importantly, this study indicates that institutions can play important role in lowering carbon emissions resulting from globalization and growth. The study recommends that better working institutions can help the government to indicate high carbon emitting units and to formulate environmental regulations for production units for a sustainable environment.
JEL Classification: Q01 E02 F64 N15 N15
Effects of Viscosity Ratio and Surface Wettability on Viscous Fingering Instability in Rectangular Channel
Authors: SINGH AKHILESHWAR , Pandey Krishna Murari , Singh Yogesh
Published: March 2023

This article reports the effects of viscosity ratio and surface wettability on immiscible viscous fingering instability in the rectangular channel. A series of numerical investigations perform at various viscosity ratios (VR), i.e., VR ε (0.0009, 0.5), and, walls wettability (θ) i.e., θ ε (15°, 150°). The volume of fluid model (VOF) is used to capture the propagation of finger-shaped instability on the fluids interface. We find that, at a large viscosity ratio, displacement efficiency will be more. And, necking formation is observed at low VR and it disappears at large VR. A finger-shaped pattern breaks into two parts at wettability, 15° and above this, it does not break. The wettability shifts from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic then necking disappears. Displacement efficiency will be more for superhydrophobic wettability. It is observed that instability shifts the left side when wettability shifts from hydrophilic to hydrophilic. The findings of this article will be relevant to drug delivery, clinical process, and oil recovery.
Netflix impact
Authors: Alkhayat Laila
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Girls in Public School: The American Association of University Women Reports
Authors: Little Priscilla
Published: March 2023

The findings showed a drop-off in girls' self-esteem from elementary school (when 60 % reported high self-esteem) to high school (when 29% reported high self-esteem). . . Additionally the poll found differing levels of self-esteem among girls from different ethnic groups.
Promoting Equity for Girls in Guatemala's Public Primary Education System
Authors: Johnson Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Education for girls in developing countries is not an easy problem to tackle, since it takes money, time, and organization, not to mention support from the government and the immediate community.
Welcome Ground for Women Faculty in Academe: An International Perspective
Authors: Cooper Joanne , Strachan Jane
Published: March 2023

With the continued documentation of a persistent hostile or chilly climate for women in academe (Blum,1991; Cooper, 2002; Curtis, 2005; Glazer-Raymo, 1999), questions arise about whether women faculty canfind a home or welcome ground, both in the United States and around the world (Caplan, 1993; Cooper,Benham, Collay, Martinez-Aleman, & Scherr, 1999). The literature identifies a number of differing ways ofviewing the academy as home. For example, Jane Roland Martin (2000) refers to the academy as "the homeof thought" (p. 41). In discussing this concept, many women academics talk about finding or forging, if not ahome, then welcome ground or a neighborhood. Whatever the term, the connotation is one of a place that isfriendly, rather than hostile; one that counters the chilly climate image that Sandler and Hall (1986) havewritten about.
Race, Gender, and Leadership
Authors: Parker Patricia
Published: March 2023

The preface to Race, Gender, and Leadership boldly declares that "this book takes up the charge putforth by cutting edge leadership scholars to envision new forms of leadership for the 21st century" (p. ix). Akey point of the book is that in criticizing traditional "masculine" forms of leadership and arguing insteadfor an alleged "female advantage" or "feminine leadership" style, feminist scholars have done little morethan perpetuate notions of dualism. Furthermore, the model of feminine leadership portrayed in the popularmedia is based on the experiences of a "select few" predominately white middle-class women. As a result,"The female advantage perspective excludes the experiences of African-American women as well as otherwomen of color and of different class statuses" (p. xv). Most important, it ignores the multiculturalperspective that is essential to understanding and advancing leadership development in an age ofglobalization.
Women, Organizational Development, and the New Science of Happiness
Authors: Milhouse Virginia H.
Published: March 2023

Do people need a lot of money or wealth to be happy? Some social scientists say no. Once people getbeyond having their basic needs met, making more money does little to raise the sense of satisfaction(Diener & Seligman, 2002). What, then, makes people happy? According to a new science of happiness,authentic happiness centers on conditions that enable people to flourish in their lives (Seligman, 2003).When asked what conditions brought them the greatest source of happiness, more than 900 women saidtheir greatest sense of happiness came from their children, religious or spiritual life, family connections andfriendships, contributing to the lives of others, and leisure and holiday time (Diener & Seligman, 2002).Further, research reported in the Miller, Caldwell, and Lawson (2000), the Sloane Business Review (1991),and by the Business Women's Network (2002) reveals that many professional working women, if given theoption, would choose flextime, spending time with family, and helping others over making more money.Other studies show women want friendly and supportive work environments and are, therefore, workingwith organizational leaders to achieve them. In fact, a recent article, The Opt-Out Revolution, reports thatbecause the corporate world has not enabled conditions that help women flourish, many are unhappy andmany others are leaving the traditional corporate world altogether (Belkin, 2003). Thus, while some studiessuggest that women are leaving the workplace only for reasons such as maternity leaves or day careproblems, this paper suggests that although "motherhood" is very important to women, it is not just aboutthis. Social scientists such as Gallos (1989), Ehrenreich (1995), and Hall (1986) say this trend is more aboutconditions that impede women's satisfaction with the workplace. Therefore, this study seeks to know moreabout the conditions which can impede or enhance women's happiness in the workplace.
The Paradox and the Price: A Case study of Female Academic Managers in an Australian Regional University
Authors: Wallace Michelle
Published: March 2023

This case study presents empirical data regarding the experiences of female academic managers in anAustralian regional university. In Australia regional universities are situated in rural towns or cities outsidethe seven state capital cities and the national capital. This study is intended as a basis for further research inrelation to women working in universities and has informed the development of a survey of female middlemanagers in Australian universities, which will be reported in another paper. This case study focuses onfemale academics in front-line roles to more senior management roles in what still remains a maledominatedmanagement context. The study is also set within the context of a number of pressures onAustralian universities, including increased student numbers, decreased government funding, corporatisationand managerialism. The broader restructuring of tertiary education is often accompanied by organizationalrestructuring at institutional level and this is the case in this study. The management lives of a number ofwomen academics, who are front-line and more senior managers, are examined in the context of sectoraland organizational restructuring, the competitive expectations of managing in new times, and in the contextof working in a university in an Australian regional area. Discussion examines human resource developmentpractices and other experiences that have prepared the women for their current roles. Issues surroundingleadership and management styles, workplace culture, work/life balance, and work identity are examined.Conclusions are drawn about the organizational value attributed to the management activities undertaken bythese women, the paradoxes a number identify in their roles, and the price several believe they have paid inundertaking managerial leadership
Encouraging the Productivity of Female Millennial Employees Who Apply Knowledge to Enhance Products and Services
Authors: Paros Amy
Published: March 2023

The almost 20 million female millennial knowledge workers enhance products, services, and customers in American businesses by applying their skillset knowledge. While participative management theories, like William Ouchi's Theory Z, are known to promote employee productivity and loyalty it is noted that they only focus on the majority population. This study looked to extend existing participative management theories to include the female millennial knowledge worker and avoid negative costs associated with poor productivity and turnover. This manuscript highlights key results from a qualitative embedded single-case study that explored the influence participative management techniques had on the turnover and productivity of female millennial knowledge workers. This study extended participative management theory to include the female millennial knowledge worker and noted that managers with female millennial knowledge employees should consider a focus on employee development, timely feedback, and cultivating a positive working environment. Keywords: female, millennial, knowledge worker, participative management, productivity, turnover.
History of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) 1964-1998. Front Matter
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Anniversary supplement issue to the Bovine Practitioner.  Cover, title page, foreword, editorial information.
XVth World Buiatrics Congress. Palma de Mallorca, Spain, October 11-14, 1988
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 15th World Buiatrics Congress, 1988.
1989 22nd Annual Conference. Kansas City, Missouri, November 14-17
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 22nd Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1989.
1994 27th Annual Convention. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 19-22
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 27th Annual Convention of th World Association for Buiatrics, 1994.
1968 1st Annual Convention, Chicago, Illinois, November 24-26
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the first Annual AABP Convention at the LaSalle Hotel, Chicago on November 24-26, 1968.
1975 8th Annual Convention. Atlanta, Georgia, December 10-13.
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 8th Annual Convention of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1975.
IXth World Association for Buiatrics Congress. September 6-9, 1976, Paris, France.
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Descripton of the 9th World Association for Buiatrics Congress, 1976.
1977 10th Annual Convention. St. Louis, Missouri, December 12-15
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 10th Annual Convention of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1977.
Impact of herd additions on bovine leukosis virus infection in a commercial dairy herd.
Authors: DiGiacomo Ronald F. , Studer Erich , Evermann James F. , Huber Nancy L.
Published: March 2023

The introduction of new cattle into an established herd raises the possibility that infection or disease may be either introduced or augmented. Herd additions should be free of infection or disease, or at least have rates which do not exceed those of the herd into which they are introduced. It was reported that the addition of several small herds with prevalences of bovine leukosis virus (BLV) antibodies of 15% to 80%, raised the prevalence of BLV infection in the entire herd from 8% to 23%.' We report the impact of combining two herds, one with a prevalence of BLV antibodies over twice that of the other herd.
Federal regulation of drugs administered through feed
Authors: Graber George
Published: March 2023

It is a pleasure for me to be part of this program on nutrition and nutritional diseases in food animals. Although my formal education was in animal nutrition, it has been very difficult to keep up with new advances. In fact, it has been difficult to maintain a working knowledge in amino acid nutrition, an area I spent many years researching. Therefore, I intend to listen attentively to what is said by others from this podium.
Future of antibiotics and other additives in livestock feed
Authors: Guest Gerald B.
Published: March 2023

My talk this morning will focus on several current issues involving the use of drugs in animal feeds. I will discuss these issues from the FDA perspective and in each case, I will give you my views on the future. My perspective is obviously not the only one and my crystal ball is not always 100% accurate, so when we are into the question and discussion time, I will be interested in your opinions, as well.
Practitioner's use of a rapid progesterone assay in the dairy cow
Authors: Clark B. L. , Biershwal C. J.
Published: March 2023

Milk progesterone analysis has been available on a commercial basis for dairy producers since the early 1970’s. The methods employed at that time were based on Radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. Time required for results using this technique was relatively long which resulted in very little acceptance of the procedure for monitoring reproductive status in cattle. Recently, Enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) techniques have been developed for use with milk and plasma. These tests have shown good specificity and a high correlation with RIA techniques. The advantages of the EIA over current RIA techniques include ease of performing the test, relatively inexpensive equipment required, and rapid results. An EIA for progesterone in milk and plasma (a) has been available in our laboratory since late 1984 and is being used for clinical management of reproduction cases in dairy operations currently participating in our dairy reproductive herd health program.
Managing cows for higher fertility
Authors: Britt Jack H.
Published: March 2023

Good fertility in dairy cows is important for profitable dairying. Fertility can be measured in several ways, but broad simple goals for reproductive performance are best for focusing on overall herd performance. Targets for overall herd reproductive performance are:

1. Al-sired heifers should calve at near 24 months of age.

2. Cows should calve without complications and start cycling by 4 weeks postpartum.

3. Cows should be bred at first and any subsequent heat beyond 50 days postpartum.

4. Calving interval for the herd should be 12 to 13 months.

5. At least 90% of the cows should breed back to produce another calf.
Applying new concepts in managing fertility
Authors: Britt Jack H.
Published: March 2023

During the past few years, research in reproductive physiology and endocrinology has resulted in several new discoveries that have important implications in the management of fertility in dairy cattle. The purpose of this presentation will be to review some of these research findings and to discuss ways that this information might be used for improving reproduction in dairy herds now and in the future.
Prophylactic treatment of feedlot calves at processing with a long-acting oxytetracycline
Authors: Albak C. , Bradstock L. , Cruise L. , Erickson C. , Foulston R. , Horning J. , McCulloch M.
Published: March 2023

Feedlot operators commonly face the highest morbidity and mortality in calves within the first few weeks of their arrival at their feedlots. The objectives of this investigation were to determine whether or not a single injection of sustained action oxytetracycline (oxytet LA) given to all calves at processing is economically beneficial, and second, whether or not this regimen would change the disease and/or death patterns in these animals. 1083 calves between 500 and 800 pounds arriving at a southern Alberta feedlot during November, 1985, were used in this trial. One half of the calves in each truckload (processing group) were given a single prophylactic intramuscular injection of 6 gms of oxytet LA; the other half were not medicated at this time and thus served as control animals.

Treatment rate for the medicated group was 58.7% versus 66.2% for the control group. A mortality of 2.2% was observed in the medicated group, and a significantly higher mortality of 6.0% in the control group. Morbidity occurred earlier and more frequently in the control group. There was a large reduction in average total health cost per head in the medicated group; the net benefit was $16.30 (Can.) per head.
Efficacy of 1α hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis
Authors: Sachs M. , Bar A. , Nir O. , Ochovsky D. , Machnai B. , Meir E. , Weiner B. Z. , Mazor Z.
Published: March 2023

One hundred and seventeen Israeli-Friesian cows from herds with a milk fever incidence of more than 15 percent were injected intramuscularly with either 350 μg 1α hydroxyvitamin D3 (1αOHD3) in propylene glycol or with the vehicle alone, close to calving. If parturition had not occurred within 72 hours a second injection was administered; parturition was induced two days after the second injection if necessary. There were 10 cases of milk fever among 57 control cows as opposed to two cases among the 60 animals treated with 1αOHD3. In an attempt to prolong the effect of the drug, Israeli-Friesian cows were injected intramuscularly with 350 μg 1αOHD3 in either 10 ml propylene glycol or arachis oil. 1αOHD3 in arachis oil did not prolong the effect of the drug. 1αOHD3 in propylene glycol increased plasma calcium concentrations more rapidly than when the drug was administered in oil. Additional cows of the same breed and age were injected intramuscularly with 350 μg 1αOHD3 in propylene glycol. Five of the animals received a second dose four days, and five received a second dose five days after the first injection. Five animals served as uninjected controls. The plasma calcium levels of the injected cows were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of the controls from the second until the 14th day after the first injection. Based on these results 451 Israeli-Friesian cows from herds with a milk fever incidence of more than 15 percent were injected intramuscularly with 1αOHD3 close to calving. If parturtion had not occurred up to 100 hours later, a second injection was administered; parturition was induced two days after the second injection if necessary. There were 27 cases (6 percent) of milk fever among the 451 injected cows. The incidence in 68 animals injected less than one day before calving was 23.5 percent (16 cows). However, a significantly lower incidence (2.9 percent, P<0.01) occurred in the 383 cows which were injected more than one day before calving, with less than four days between the two injections of 1αOHD3, and when parturition occurred not more than four days after the last injection of the drug either with or without induction of parturition.
Highlights of the new Minnesota paratuberculosis rules revised March 17, 1986
Authors: Sherman David M.
Published: March 2023

In March of 1986, new regulations regarding the control of Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis in cattle went into effect in the state of Minnesota. The new regulations contain a number of major changes which will have a significant impact on practitioners and their cattle clients with regard to the diagnosis and control of Johne’s disease. The new regulations are provided here in toto following a summary description of the important highlights.
Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis using a Coulter counter TA II
Authors: Wright C. L. , Taylor C. N.
Published: March 2023

Results of a study to confirm the accepted variation in individual cell count levels, and to observe the changes associated with diagnosed clinical mastitis are discussed with emphasis on the use of total udder milk data, somatic cell content, yield, lactose concn., as a mastitis management tool within a single herd, recorded over a period of time.
Coccidiosis
Authors: Fox James E.
Published: March 2023

The use of decoquinate in the chemotherapy of coccidiosis in cattle is discussed with reference to clinical trials.