bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Ultra-Wide Band to Analyze Soccer Performance through Load Indicators during a Full Season: A Comparison between Starters and Non-Starters
Authors: Reche-Soto Pedro , Rojas-Valverde Daniel , Bastida-Castillo Alejandro , Gómez-Carmona Carlos D. , Rico-González Markel , Palucci Vieira Luiz H. , Paolo Ardigò Luca , Pino-Ortega José
Published: December 2022

The objectives of this study are: (1) to compare match load demands through load indicators between starters and substitutes, and (2) analyze the degree of correlation in the variables analyzed in this investigation. Twenty-two semi-professional soccer players were analyzed during a full season’s 38 official matches. Participants were assigned to two different groups according to their participation in the game: (a) starting-up players (≥90 min played) vs. substitute players (≥45 min played in the second half). Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann–Whitney U test to conduct pairwise comparison and Spearman correlation to demands correlation in each group. Significant differences in both absolute and relative variables in player load (P, p < 0.01; p < 0.01), metabolic power (MP, p < 0.01; p = 0.15), equivalent distance index (EDI, p = 0.87; p < 0.01), dynamic stress load (DSI, p < 0.01; p = 0.977), energy expenditure (EE, p < 0.01; p < 0.01), high metabolic load events (HMLE, p < 0.01; p < 0.01), and high metabolic load distance (HMLD, p < 0.01; p = 0.09). Overall, high direct correlations in the starting-up group in absolute and relative demands of PL, PM, HMLD, EE, and DSL were found, as well as high inverse correlation in the substitute group in all variables, excluding DSL and HMLD. In conclusion, the absolute differences found suggested a different training load management during training sessions.
Cooperative Roundabout Control Strategy for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Wang Chaojie , Wang Yu , Peeta Srinivas
Published: December 2022

Intersections in the urban network are potential sources of traffic flow inefficiency. Existing intersection control mostly adopts the “cross” flow pattern model, while the use of the roundabout circular flow pattern is rather sparse. Connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies can enable roundabouts to better compete with traditional intersection designs in terms of performance. This study proposes a roundabout control strategy for CAVs to enhance intersection performance while ensuring vehicle safety. A hierarchical framework is developed to decouple the flow-level performance objective and vehicle-level safety constraints to achieve computational tractability for real-time applications. It entails developing a roundabout flow control model to optimize merge-in flows, a merge-in decision model to generate vehicle passing sequence from the optimal flows, and a virtual platoon control model to achieve safe and stable vehicle operations in a circular roundabout platoon. The performance of the proposed roundabout control strategy is illustrated through numerical studies and compared to existing intersection control methods. Its stability and safety characteristics are also demonstrated.
Analysis and Prediction of Grind-Hardening Surface Roughness Based on Response Surface Methodology-BP Neural Network
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Wang Guicheng , Shen Chungen
Published: December 2022

Surface morphology and surface roughness are very important properties used to assess the quality of grind-hardening surfaces. In this study, grind-hardening tests for 42CrMo steel were designed using the response surface methodology to reveal the surface morphological characteristics of the grind-hardening surface and the effects of grinding parameters on its roughness. The results showed considerable grinding damage in both the cutting-in and cutting-out areas of the grind-hardened surface, while the middle area was more stable. More specifically, the cutting-in area showed much bonding and damage, while the cutting-out area showed more microcracks. Under the conditions of this test, the surface roughness tended to increase with the increase in cutting depth and workpiece feed speed. The effect of grinding line speed on the grind-hardening surface roughness was not significant. The significance of the effects of grinding parameters on surface roughness ranked as: cutting depth > workpiece feed speed > grinding speed. In turn, a response surface methodology-BP neural network prediction model for the surface roughness of grind-hardening was developed, whose feasibility and validity were confirmed by the experimental results. The model achieved surface roughness prediction of the grind-hardening process with a mean relative error of 2.86%.
Hybrid Cooperative Spectrum Sharing Protocols Based on OMA and NOMA in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Li Suoping , Li Hongli , Yang Qian , Gaber Jaafar
Published: December 2022

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), the performance of the primary users (PUs) may suffer adverse effects from the secondary users (SUs) if the spectrum of PUs is haphazardly shared with SUs. In this paper, we propose a hybrid cognitive cooperative protocol based on orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) that improves spectrum utilization by allowing the SUs opportunistic access to the spectrum of the Pus, while guaranteeing the performance of the PU. Specifically, the system can switch between non-cognitive transmission mode, underlay OMA mode, and overlay OMA/NOMA mode, according to the automatic repeat request (ARQ) feedback of PU. The SU has the opportunity to acquire the spectrum to activate the underlay OMA and overlay OMA/NOMA modes only if it listens to the acknowledge (ACK) or negative acknowledge (NACK) feedback from the PU. In order to describe the switching between these three switching modes, a Markov model is developed to analyze the corresponding steady-state probabilities and end-to-end outage probabilities. So, we derive closed-form expressions for the throughput of PU and SU to investigate the spectrum utilization. Numerical and simulation results show that the proposed hybrid cooperative cognitive protocol outperforms the pure OMA hybrid cooperative cognitive protocol.
Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and Depression in Australian Population Aged 16–85 Years
Authors: Felmingham Ty , Islam Fakir M. Amirul
Published: December 2022

Globally, it is estimated that 5% of adults suffer from depressive disorder. The current study aimed to investigate the association of sociodemographic factors with depression from the Australian national survey data. The analysis utilized the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing data upon 8841 participants aged 16 to 85 years. The outcome measures were lifetime depression and depression symptoms in the 12 months prior to the survey. Analytical techniques included binary logistic regression technique. The prevalence of lifetime depression was 15.2% (18.2% in females vs. 11.5% in males, p < 0.001) and a 12-month depression was 6.1% (7.4% in females vs. 4.5% in males, p < 0.001). For every year increase of age, there was a 1% decrease in the odds of lifetime depression and a 2% decrease of 12-month depression. There was a 20% less chance for lifetime depression and 33% less chance for 12-month depression for the fifth quintile compared to the first quintile of household income. Level of education was not significant. Depression is more common in younger aged people in Australian population, and significantly higher among females, and in people with low socioeconomic status. Appropriate intervention programs need to be conducted among this specific group.
A Citizen-Sensing System for Measuring Urban Environmental Quality: A Case Study Carried out in Taiwan
Authors: Chung Chia-chun , Jeng Tay-sheng
Published: December 2022

Urban planning is usually dependent on urban analysis and tends to use data from sensor networks collected over a long period time. However, in recent years, due to increased urbanization and the rapid growth of transport, a gap has developed between urban environments and citizen feelings. Rebuilding urban infrastructure or making urban planning changes require a lot of time and resource costs. The hardware in a city cannot be easily changed, but citizen activities change all the time. Distributing city space according to a software-based recommendation, such as arranging different locations for citizen activities or traffic, is a method that can be implemented to improve city environments and to avoid resource waste. In this paper, citizens were used as sensors to extract environmental information collected using a social network service (SNS), and the information was analyzed to turn subjective feelings into objective environmental phenomena. The research focused on how to collect citizens’ feelings regarding urban environments and to develop a citizen-sensing system to bridge the gap between citizen feelings and sensor networks. The results prove that citizens who sense the city environment create small-sized data that are suitable for small-scaled, high-density cities.
Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Flexible Caudal Fin
Authors: Khin May Hlaing Win , Obi Shinnosuke
Published: December 2022

A 3D fluid–structure coupled simulation of a square flexible flapper, the basic model of a caudal fin, is performed to visualize the flow field around the caudal fin. A plate immersed in a water tank is driven to oscillate vertically by its leading edge. A quantitative analysis of the thrust generated by the plate, which is difficult to explore experimentally, is performed over a range of non-dimensional flapping frequencies 0.93 <f*< 1.47 to explore the mechanism of thrust generation in more detail. Comparisons are made between three different flapping frequencies around the structural resonance. Numerical results at different flapping frequencies provide a reasonable estimate of the trailing edge amplitude and phase lag of the motion of the plate’s leading and trailing edges. The pressure distribution and deformation of the plate are analyzed to estimate the time evolution of the maximum and minimum thrust generation during the flapping period. Variations in pressure distribution on the plate surface are mainly due to the displacement of the trailing edge relative to the leading edge. Thrust is mainly provided by the pressure difference at the trailing edge. The maximum thrust was found to correspond to the maximum relative deformation of the trailing edge. The optimum frequency f* = 1.2 corresponding to the maximum thrust generation does not coincide with the structural resonance frequency, but remains at a frequency slightly higher than the resonance. These results indicate that the relative deformation of the plate plays an important role in the estimation of the flow field and the associated thrust generation. The numerical results may provide new guidelines for the design of robotic underwater vehicles.
IRS, LIS, and Radio Stripes-Aided Wireless Communications: A Tutorial
Authors: Gashtasbi Ali , da Silva Mário Marques , Dinis Rui
Published: December 2022

This is a tutorial on current techniques that use a huge number of antennas in intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), large intelligent surfaces (LIS), and radio stripes (RS), highlighting the similarities, differences, advantages, and drawbacks. A comparison between IRS, LIS, and RS is performed in terms of the implementation and capabilities, in the form of a tutorial. We begin by introducing the IRS, LIS, and RS as promising technologies for 6 G wireless technology. Then, we will look at how the three notions are applied in wireless networks. We discuss various performance indicators and methodologies for characterizing and improving the performance of IRS, LIS, and RS-assisted wireless networks. We cover rate maximization, power consumption reduction, and cost implementation concerns in order to take advantage of the performance increase. Furthermore, we extend the discussion to some cases of emerging use. In the description of the three concepts, IRS-assisted communication was introduced as a passive system, considering the capacity/data rate, with power optimization being an advantage, while channel estimation was a challenge. LIS is an active component that goes beyond massive MIMO; a recent study found that channel estimation issues in IRS had improved. In comparison to IRS, capacity enhancement is a highlight, and user interference showed a trend of decreasing. However, power consumption due to utilizing power amplifiers has restrictions. The third technique for increasing coverage is cell-free massive MIMO with RS, with easy deployment in communication network structures. It is demonstrated to have suitable energy efficiency and power consumption. Finally, for future work, we further propose expanding the conversation to include some cases of new uses, such as complexity reduction; design and simulation with LDPC code could be a solution to decreasing complexity.
Arbitrary Sampling Fourier Transform and Its Applications in Magnetic Field Forward Modeling
Authors: Dai Shikun , Zhang Ying , Li Kun , Chen Qingrui , Ling Jiaxuan
Published: December 2022

Numerical simulation and inversion imaging are essential in geophysics exploration. Fourier transform plays a vital role in geophysical numerical simulation and inversion imaging, especially in solving partial differential equations. This paper proposes an arbitrary sampling Fourier transform algorithm (AS-FT) based on quadratic interpolation of shape function. Its core idea is to discretize the Fourier transform integral into the sum of finite element integrals. The quadratic shape function represents the function change in each element, and then all element integrals are calculated and accumulated. In this way, the semi-analytical solution of the Fourier oscillation operator in each integral interval can be obtained, and the Fourier transform coefficient can be calculated in advance, so the algorithm has high calculation accuracy and efficiency. Based on the one-dimensional (1D) transform, the two-dimensional (2D) transform is realized by integrating the 1D Fourier transform twice, and the three-dimensional (3D) transform is realized by integrating the 1D Fourier transform three times. The algorithm can sample flexibly according to the distribution of integrated values. The correctness and efficiency of the algorithm are verified by Fourier transform pairs. The AS-FT algorithm is applied to the numerical simulation of magnetic anomalies. The accuracy and efficiency are compared with the standard Fast Fourier transform (standard-FFT) and Gauss Fast Fourier transform (Gauss-FFT). It shows that the AS-FT algorithm has no edge effects and has a higher computational speed. The AS-FT algorithm has good adaptability to continuous medium, weak magnetic catastrophe medium, and strong magnetic catastrophe medium. It can achieve the same as or even higher accuracy than Gauss-FFT through fewer sampling points. The AS-FT algorithm provides a new means for partial differential equation solution in geophysics. It successfully solves the boundary problems, which makes it an efficient and high-precision Fourier transform approach with promising applications. Therefore, the AS-FT algorithm has excellent advantages in solving partial differential equations, providing a new means for solving geophysical forward and inverse problems.
Study on the Performance of Foam Concrete Prepared from Decarburized Fly Ash
Authors: Guo Yuanxin , Xu Chenyang , Hu Zhenwen , Wang Liang , Yue Gongbing , Zheng Shidong , Li Qiuyi , Wang Peihan
Published: December 2022

Although the energy structure has been gradually enriched in recent years, China, as the world’s largest producer and consumer of coal, still accounts for more than 50% of resources. Therefore, in this paper, the high carbon fly ash raw ash (HCFARA) was mechanically activated, and the flotation was treated to obtain decarburized fly ash (DFA) with a loss on ignition of 1.18%, water demand ratio of 101% and strength activity coefficient of 74.5%. With the exception of for water demand ratio, the rest meet the national requirements for the use of Class I fly ash. The foam concrete was prepared by partially replacing cement with decarburized fly ash in different proportions and at different water-to-cement ratios (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) in order to study its dry density, porosity, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The results show that the porosity of foam concrete grows with the increase in water-to-cement ratio and fly ash replacement rate. In addition, the dry density and thermal conductivity of the prepared foam concrete can meet the requirements of A05 grade foam concrete (Density less than 500 kg/m3, thermal conductivity less than 0.12 W/(m·k)). The compressive strength can meet the requirements of C0.3 grade foam concrete (Minimum use standard).
Chin Morphology in Relation to the Skeletal Pattern, Age, Gender, and Ethnicity
Authors: Okumura Yuka , Koizumi So , Suginouchi Yuki , Hikita Yu , Kim Yong-Il , Adel Mohamed , Nadim Mohamed , Yamaguchi Tetsutaro
Published: December 2022

Chin morphology is visually impactful and significantly influences harmonious facial appearance. Therefore, it is important to know the morphological characteristics of the chin in relation to gender and skeletal pattern when performing an orthodontic and surgical orthognathic treatment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between chin size, skeletal pattern, age, gender, and ethnicity. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography images of 208 participants (males: 90, females: 118; 63 Koreans and 145 Egyptians), aged 18 years and older, were used to evaluate the size of the chin in linear dimension, volume, and skeletal pattern. The larger the vertical skeletal pattern, the larger the chin volume and the smaller the width (p < 0.01). In the anteroposterior skeletal pattern, Class III showed a larger volume than that of Class II and Class I (p < 0.01). There was no significant association between age and any of the chin-related measurements. Regarding gender, all measurements of chins were larger for men than for women (p < 0.01). In terms of ethnicity, Koreans had larger chin volumes than Egyptians p < 0.01). Chin volume was related to population, sex, anteroposterior skeletal pattern, and vertical skeletal pattern, indicating the combined effects of various factors.
Errors concerning Statistics and Probability in Spanish Secondary School Textbooks
Authors: Rico Nuria , Ruiz-Hidalgo Juan F.
Published: December 2022

Textbooks are considered essential, providing a hierarchical organisation of knowledge, forging the intellectual scaffolding of students and teachers alike, and playing a crucial role in compulsory education. In this paper we discuss, by means of a content analysis, the systematic errors detected in the presentation of questions related to statistics and probability in Spanish secondary school textbooks on mathematics. We found some errors appear systematically in the texts, and the most common are: faulty differentiation between quantitative and qualitative variables, between discrete and continuous variables and between randomness and determinism, confused examples for the bar charts, uncritical choice for graphic representations, inaccuracies in specific vocabulary, and ignoring prior probabilities and a poor consideration about representativeness. We classify the observed errors considering that some of these errors arise from the inherent difficulty of the content and others arise from differences between mathematical and statistical thinking as well as from judgments based on heuristic rules. Knowing the existence of these errors and the reasons why they occur are key points to make them disappear from statistical lessons and to help citizens achieving true statistical literacy.
Comparison of Weighted/Unweighted and Interpolated Grid Data at Regional and Global Scales
Authors: Wei Rui , Li Yuxin , Yin Jun , Ma Xieyao
Published: December 2022

Uniform grid data are widely used in climate science and related interdisciplinary fields. Such data usually describe the hydrometeorological states averaged over uniform latitude–longitude grids. While these data have larger grid areas in the tropics than other high-latitude regions, less attention has been paid to the areal weights of these grid data. Here, we revisited two methods available for processing these uniform grid data, including weighted sample statistics and grid interpolation. The former directly considers the grid area differences using geodetic weights; the latter converts the uniform grids to equal-area grids for conventional data analysis. When applied to global temperature and precipitation data, we found larger differences between weighted and unweighted samples and smaller differences between weighted and interpolated samples, highlighting the importance of areal weights in grid data analysis. Given the different results from various methods, we call for explicit clarification of the grid data processing methods to improve reproducibility in climate research.
Quantifying the Source Contributions to Poor Atmospheric Visibility in Winter over the Central Plains Economic Region in China
Authors: Du Huiyun , Li Jie , Chen Xueshun , Yang Wenyi , Wang Zhe , Wang Zifa
Published: December 2022

The Central Plains Economic Region (CPER) is one of the most polluted regions in China. Air pollution has caused visibility degradation due to the light extinction of fine particles (PM2.5). However, the source of light extinction and visibility degradation is still unclear. In this study, the nested air quality prediction model system coupled with an online tracer-tagging module has been used to quantify the contribution of emission sectors and regions to visibility degradation. The light extinction coefficients were well reproduced over CPER. The results showed that resident-related emissions, traffic and industry were the main sectors of visibility degradation over CPER, contributing 55~62%, 10~28%, and 9~19%, respectively. The contribution of local emissions and regional transport was also investigated, and the results showed that regional transport dominated the light extinction (56~68%), among which transport within Henan province contributes significantly (12~45%). Sensitivity tests showed that the reduction in the resident-related sector was more effective than that of the industry sector. Emission control of 40% in resident-related, industry, and traffic sectors over the whole region can achieve the goal of good visibility. This study will provide scientific suggestions for the control strategies development to mitigate visibility degradation over CPER.
Comparison of the Three Approaches for Determining Ammonia Emissions in the Intensive Breeding of Fattening Pigs with Respect to the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Case Study for the Czech Republic
Authors: Kunes Radim , Havelka Zbynek , Olsan Pavel , Dolan Antonin , Stehlik Radim , Petrovic Bojana , Smutny Lubos , Bartos Petr , Xiao Maohua , Kriz Pavel , Cerny Pavel
Published: December 2022

This study compares three approaches in the monitoring of ammonia (NH3) emissions from intensive breeding of fattening pigs in relation to compliance with the standards arising from the requirements of Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) used in the Czech Republic. The first approach was based on the determination of NH3 emissions calculation by measurement using reduced sampling days focused on the final fattening phase. The second approach was based on the determination of NH3 emissions calculation by measurement respecting the Best Reference Document for Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pig (BREF IRPP) and relevant best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU. The third approach was based on estimation by using emission factors respecting BREF IRPP and Methodological Instruction of the Air Protection Department of the Czech Republic. The results show that the determined emission factors in the Czech Republic may not always reflect the actual production of NH3 emissions even when reduced by the applied BAT. Determination of NH3 emissions calculation by measurement respecting BREF IRPP represents the predominant phases of fattening (refinement) and microclimatic conditions; however, it is time and money-consuming.
Amended Criteria for Testing the Asymptotic and Oscillatory Behavior of Solutions of Higher-Order Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Almarri Barakah , Masood Fahd , Moaaz Osama , Muhib Ali
Published: December 2022

Our interest in this article is to develop oscillation conditions for solutions of higher order differential equations and to extend recent results in the literature to differential equations of several delays. We obtain new asymptotic properties of a class from the positive solutions of an even higher order neutral delay differential equation. Then we use these properties to create more effective criteria for studying oscillation. Finally, we present some special cases of the studied equation and apply the new results to them.
The Effect of Short-Wavelength White LED Illumination throughout the Night on the Milk Fatty Acid Profile of High-Yielding Dairy Cows
Authors: Asher Aviv , Fialko Matan , Fares Florin , Moallem Uzi , Yaacoby Shamai , Gutman Roee
Published: December 2022

Fatty acid levels in milk vary between day and night milking. Many dairy cows are still kept under white light-emitting diode (W-LED) illumination throughout the night, although it is known to disrupt endogenous circadian rhythms. We investigated the effects of whole-night W-LED illumination (125 lux) on milk yield and circadian composition, compared to a natural light–dark (LD) cycle of 10 h light. Mid–late lactation cows (n = 34) that were exposed to natural LD cycle showed circadian variation in milk fat composition, characterized by higher health-promoting monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 24.2 ± 0.4 vs. 23.2 ± 0.4 g/100 g fat, p < 0.001) and lower saturated fatty acid levels (71.2 ± 0.4 vs. 72.5 ± 0.4, p < 0.001) at 13:30 h (day milk) than at 03:30 h (night milk). Compared to natural LD (n = 16), W-LED (n = 18) did not affect milk production or milk fat yields, yet abolished the milking time variation in milk fat composition towards a less healthy fatty acid profile. This lowered MUFA levels of day milk (23.8 ± 0.4 vs. 26.7 ± 0.4, p < 0.01). Therefore, W-LED has no commercial advantage over the tested natural LD cycle, and conversely, even shows circadian disruption. Accordingly, a natural LD cycle of 10 h light is preferable over W-LED from the perspective of cost savings, the cows’ well-being, and preserving the natural milk fat profile, as the nutritional value of the day milk is slightly higher.
Elevated TAF12 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Glioma Patients: Evidence from Bioinformatic and Immunohistochemical Analyses
Authors: Guo Xiaodi , Chen Jiamin , Fang Aizhong , Ji Qiang , Chen Feng , Zhou Xingang , Li Xinyi , Li Wenbin
Published: December 2022

TATA box-binding protein-associated factor 12 (TAF12) has been identified as an oncogene in choroid plexus carcinoma, but its role in glioma is poorly understood because of a lack of previous studies. This study investigated the relationship of TAF12 expression with the clinicopathologic features of glioma cases, as well as its prognostic value and biological function, using large-scale databases and clinical samples. TAF12 mRNA expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of glioma cases were assessed in three public databases, and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore the prognostic value and biological functions of TAF12 in glioma. High TAF12 expression was commonly associated with reduced survival time and poor clinical indexes, including higher World Health Organization grade, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 expression, and 1p19q non-codeletion status (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high TAF12 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for glioma patients (hazard ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.68, p < 0.001). Functional enrichment analysis revealed involvement of TAF12 in immune and inflammatory responses in glioma. Also, expression of several immune checkpoint molecules was significantly higher in samples with high TAF12 expression. TAF12 is a potential independent prognostic factor for glioma, and these findings provide a foundation for further investigation of the potential role of TAF12 in immunotherapy.
Enteric Neuromyopathies: Highlights on Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Authors: Bianco Francesca , Lattanzio Giulia , Lorenzini Luca , Mazzoni Maurizio , Clavenzani Paolo , Calzà Laura , Giardino Luciana , Sternini Catia , Costanzini Anna , Bonora Elena , De Giorgio Roberto
Published: December 2022

Severe gut motility disorders are characterized by the ineffective propulsion of intestinal contents. As a result, the patients develop disabling/distressful symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting along with altered bowel habits up to radiologically demonstrable intestinal sub-obstructive episodes. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a typical clinical phenotype of severe gut dysmotility. This syndrome occurs due to changes altering the morpho-functional integrity of the intrinsic (enteric) innervation and extrinsic nerve supply (hence neuropathy), the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) (mesenchymopathy), and smooth muscle cells (myopathy). In the last years, several genes have been identified in different subsets of CIPO patients. The focus of this review is to cover the most recent update on enteric dysmotility related to CIPO, highlighting (a) forms with predominant underlying neuropathy, (b) forms with predominant myopathy, and (c) mitochondrial disorders with a clear gut dysfunction as part of their clinical phenotype. We will provide a thorough description of the genes that have been proven through recent evidence to cause neuro-(ICC)-myopathies leading to abnormal gut contractility patterns in CIPO. The discovery of susceptibility genes for this severe condition may pave the way for developing target therapies for enteric neuro-(ICC)-myopathies underlying CIPO and other forms of gut dysmotility.
GTP-Binding Protein 1-Like (GTPBP1l) Regulates Vascular Patterning during Zebrafish Development
Authors: Lo Yi-Hao , Huang Yi-Shan , Chang Yu-Chiuan , Hung Pei-Yu , Wang Wen-Der , Liu Wangta , Urade Ritesh , Wen Zhi-Hong , Wu Chang-Yi
Published: December 2022

Genetic regulation of vascular patterning is not fully understood. Here, we report a novel gene, gtpbp1l (GTP-binding protein 1-like), that regulates vascular development in zebrafish. Amino acid sequence comparison and a phylogenetic study showed that gtpbp1l is conserved in vertebrates. Gtpbp1l mRNA is expressed in the vasculature during embryogenesis. Knockdown of gtpbp1l by morpholino impairs the patterning of the intersegmental vessel (ISV) and caudal vein plexus (CVP), indicating the role of gtpbp1l in vasculature. Further apoptosis assays and transgenic fish tests suggested that vascular defects in gtpbp1l morphants are not due to cell death but are likely caused by the impairment of migration and proliferation. Moreover, the altered expression of vessel markers is consistent with the vascular defects in gtpbp1l morphants. Finally, we revealed that gtpbp1l is regulated by VEGF/notch and BMP signaling. Collectively, these findings showed that gtpbp1l plays a critical role in vascular patterning during zebrafish development.
Prothrombin Time-International Normalized Ratio Predicts the Outcome of Atrial Fibrillation Patients Taking Rivaroxaban
Authors: Chao Tze-Fan , Chan Yi-Hsin , Tsai Pei-Chien , Lee Hsin-Fu , Chang Shang-Hung , Kuo Chi-Tai , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Chen Shih-Ann , Yeh Yung-Hsin
Published: December 2022

Background: Although direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are considered to be safe, over or under anticoagulation and increased bleeding or thromboembolic risk are still considered individually. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (PT-INR) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ratio, and the risks of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (IS/SE) and major bleeding among AF patients taking rivaroxaban or dabigatran. Methods: This multi-center cohort study in Taiwan included 3192 AF patients taking rivaroxaban and 958 patients taking dabigatran for stroke prevention where data about PT-INR and aPTT were available. Results: For patients treated with rivaroxaban, a higher INR level was not associated with a higher risk of major bleeding compared to an INR level < 1.1. The risk of IS/SE was lower for patients having an INR ≥ 1.5 compared to those with an INR < 1.1 (aHR:0.57; [95%CI: 0.37–0.87]; p = 0.01). On-label dosing of rivaroxaban and use of digoxin were independent factors associated with an INR ≥ 1.5 after taking rivaroxaban. For patients taking dabigatran, a higher aPTT ratio was not associated with a higher risk of major bleeding. The risk of IS/SE was lower for patients having an aPTT ratio of 1.1–1.2 and 1.3–1.4 than those with an aPTT ratio < 1.1. Conclusions: In AF patients, rivaroxaban with an INR ≥ 1.5 was associated with a lower risk of IS/SE. PT-INR or aPTT ratios were not associated with bleeding events for rivaroxaban or dabigatran. INR may help predict the outcome of AF patients who take rivaroxaban.
Periostin as a Biomarker in the Setting of Glomerular Diseases—A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Pană Nicolae , Căpușă Cristina
Published: December 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent and potential progressive condition with life-threatening consequences. Glomerular diseases (glomerulopathies) are causes of CKD that are potentially amenable by specific therapies. Significant resources have been invested in the identification of novel biomarkers of CKD progression and new targets for treatment. By using experimental models of kidney diseases, periostin has been identified amongst the most represented matricellular proteins that are commonly involved in the inflammation and fibrosis that characterize progressive kidney diseases. Periostin is highly expressed during organogenesis, with scarce expression in mature healthy tissues, but it is upregulated in multiple disease settings characterized by tissue injury and remodeling. Periostin was the most highly expressed matriceal protein in both animal models and in patients with glomerulopathies. Given that periostin is readily secreted from injury sites, and the variations in its humoral levels compared to the normal state were easily detectable, its potential role as a biomarker is suggested. Moreover, periostin expression was correlated with the degree of histological damage and with kidney function decline in patients with CKD secondary to both inflammatory (IgA nephropathy) and non-inflammatory (membranous nephropathy) glomerulopathies, while also displaying variability secondary to treatment response. The scope of this review is to summarize the existing evidence that supports the role of periostin as a novel biomarker in glomerulopathies.
Pediatric Population with Down Syndrome: Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Their Assessment Using Omics Techniques—Review
Authors: Hetman Marta , Barg Ewa
Published: December 2022

People with Down syndrome (PWDS) are more at risk for developing obesity, oxidative stress disorders, metabolic disorders, and lipid and carbohydrate profile disorders than the general population. The presence of an additional copy of genes on chromosome 21 (i.e., the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) and gene coding for the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzyme) raises the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of disorders in metabolic processes and biochemical pathways, theoretically protective factors (low homocysteine level, high SOD1 level) do not fulfil their original functions. Overexpression of the CBS gene leads to the accumulation of homocysteine—a CVD risk factor. An excessive amount of protective SOD1, in the case of a lack of compensatory increase in the activity of catalase and peroxidase, leads to intensifying free radical processes. The occurrence of metabolic disorders and the amplified effect of oxidative stress carries higher risk of exposure of people with DS to CVD. At present, classic predispositions are known, but it is necessary to identify early risk factors in order to be able to employ CVD and obesity prophylaxis. Detailed determination of the metabolic and lipid profile may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CVD.
Effects of Gaze Stabilization Exercises on Gait, Plantar Pressure, and Balance Function in Post-Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhao Ruoxin , Lu Jun , Xiao Yue , Liu Xinrong , Wang Yu , Xu Guangxu
Published: December 2022

This study aims to explore the effects of gaze stabilization exercises (GSEs) on gait, plantar pressure, and balance function in post-stroke patients (≤6 months). Forty post-stroke patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The experimental group performed GSEs combined with physical therapy, while the control group only performed physical therapy, once a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to test the balance function and the risk of falling, which was the primary outcome. The Timed Up and Go test (TUGT) evaluated the walking ability and the fall risk. The envelope ellipse area and the plantar pressure proportion of the affected side were used to measure the patient’s supporting capacity and stability in static standing. The anterior–posterior center of pressure displacement velocity was used to test the weight-shifting capacity. Compared to the control group, the swing phase of the affected side, swing phase’s absolute symmetric index, envelope ellipse area when eyes closed, and TUGT of the experimental group had significantly decreased after GSEs (p < 0.05); the BBS scores, TUGT, the anterior–posterior COP displacement velocity, and the plantar pressure proportion of the affected side had significantly increased after 4 weeks of training (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GSEs combined with physical therapy can improve the gait and balance function of people following stroke. Furthermore, it can enhance the weight-shifting and one-leg standing capacity of the affected side, thus reducing the risk of falling.
Depression-Associated Negr1 Gene-Deficiency Induces Alterations in the Monoaminergic Neurotransmission Enhancing Time-Dependent Sensitization to Amphetamine in Male Mice
Authors: Kaare Maria , Jayaram Mohan , Jagomäe Toomas , Singh Katyayani , Kilk Kalle , Mikheim Kaie , Leevik Marko , Leidmaa Este , Varul Jane , Nõmm Helis , Rähn Kristi , Visnapuu Tanel , Plaas Mario , Lilleväli Kersti , Schäfer Michael K. E. , Philips Mari-Anne , Vasar Eero
Published: December 2022

In GWAS studies, the neural adhesion molecule encoding the neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) gene has been consistently linked with both depression and obesity. Although the linkage between NEGR1 and depression is the strongest, evidence also suggests the involvement of NEGR1 in a wide spectrum of psychiatric conditions. Here we show the expression of NEGR1 both in tyrosine- and tryptophan hydroxylase-positive cells. Negr1−/− mice show a time-dependent increase in behavioral sensitization to amphetamine associated with increased dopamine release in both the dorsal and ventral striatum. Upregulation of transcripts encoding dopamine and serotonin transporters and higher levels of several monoamines and their metabolites was evident in distinct brain areas of Negr1−/− mice. Chronic (23 days) escitalopram-induced reduction of serotonin and dopamine turnover is enhanced in Negr1−/− mice, and escitalopram rescued reduced weight of hippocampi in Negr1−/− mice. The current study is the first to show alterations in the brain monoaminergic systems in Negr1-deficient mice, suggesting that monoaminergic neural circuits contribute to both depressive and obesity-related phenotypes linked to the human NEGR1 gene.
Association of Elevated Serum Uric Acid with Nerve Conduction Function and Peripheral Neuropathy Stratified by Gender and Age in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Chen Lingli , Lou Min
Published: December 2022

Background: The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between SUA level and DPN and evaluate the effects of SUA level on nerve conduction function via electromyography in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), stratified by gender and age. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 647 inpatients with T2DM from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between February 2017 and October 2020. The diagnosis of DPN was confirmed according to the Toronto Expert Consensus. Clinical data, SUA level, and nerve conduction parameters were obtained from electronic medical records. Results: A total of 647 patients with T2DM were included, and 471 patients were diagnosed with DPN. The level of SUA was higher in the DPN group than in the Non-DPN group (330.58 ± 99.67 vs. 309.16 ± 87.04, p < 0.05). After adjustment, a higher SUA level was associated with the presence of DPN [odds ratio (OR) 1.003, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.001–1.005; p = 0.017]. The area under the curve for the prediction of DPN was 0.558 (95% CI, 0.509–0.608; p = 0.022), and the optimized cut-off of SUA level was 297.5 µmol/L. The SUA > 297.5 µmol/L level was independently associated with DPN in the male subgroup (OR 2.507, 95% CI, 1.405–4.473; p = 0.002) rather than in the female subgroup. Besides, SUA > 297.5 µmol/L was independently associated with DPN in the younger subgroup (age < 65 years) (OR 2.070, 95% CI, 1.278–3.352; p = 0.003) rather than in the older subgroup. In multiple linear regression analysis, SUA was significantly correlated with certain nerve conduction study parameters in the all patients group, and was also observed in the male and younger subgroups. Conclusions: Elevated SUA was independently associated with poorer nerve conduction functions, and hyperuricemia was also significantly associated with a higher risk of developing DPN in T2DM patients, especially in male and younger patients.
Mental Health Outcomes among Electricians and Plumbers in Ontario, Canada: Analysis of Burnout and Work-Related Factors
Authors: Bani-Fatemi Ali , Sanches Marcos , Howe Aaron S. , Lo Joyce , Jaswal Sharan , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin
Published: December 2022

(i) Background: Working in the electrical and plumbing sectors is physically demanding, and the incidence of physical injury and work disability is high. This study aimed to assess the mental health and well-being of skilled trades workers working in the electrical and plumbing sectors; (ii) Methods: Forty participants completed an online survey assessing burnout, work-related factors, and mental health issues. Data were analyzed to determine the association between demographics, the availability, and importance of work-related factors, and burnout using a two-sample Mann–Whitney U test; (iii) Results: Our findings showed that among the work-related factors, workplace safety, family commitments, income and benefits, and full-time employment opportunities might be crucial factors to keep study participants working at their current position. Financial support for external training, which was found to be the most important factor in preventing colleague-related burnout, was available to the satisfaction of approximately 50% of the participants; (iv) Conclusion: Work-related factors such as workplace safety and the availability and support for external training may be protective against all types of burnout among this population. Future studies may consider a larger sample size with a more diverse group of participants and perform an intersectional analysis to incorporate minority identities in the analyses.
Study on the Properties and Benefits of a Composite Separator Layer in Airport Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Lu Hang , Zhao Ce , Yuan Jie , Yin Wei , Wang Yanhai , Xiao Rui
Published: December 2022

A composite separator layer in Portland cement concrete pavement, formed by a lower bearing layer and micro surfacing, was seldom used in airport pavement, but it has great application potential. This paper studied the properties of the composite separator layer and its benefits for pavement. The basic properties investigated in the study were resilient modulus and interlayer property between the separator layer and concrete. The resilient modulus of the micro surfacing was tested to calculate the modulus of the whole separation layer. The interlayer shearing test was done on core specimens using a self-developed facility that can apply load in the normal direction. Shearing test results show that temperature affects the shape of the shearing curve and normal stress linearly affects the stable shear force. Additionally, an in-situ erosion test was carried out to prove the anti-scouring property of the separator layer. Furthermore, a finite element model (FEM) model was established to study the influence of the composite separator layer. The FEM employed the modulus test results and the measured interlayer characteristic. The interlayer characteristic was simplified into a two-stage constitutional model. Monitored data on the mechanical response of the pavement structure in an airport validated the FEM model. Results show that the separator layer reduces the chance of contraction crack under the sudden temperature drop in the concrete slab before sawing. FEM results show that though the separator layer slightly increases the tensile stress of concrete, the tensile stress is greatly reduced if the slab develops voids in the future. The most significant benefit of the separation layer is it reduces the chance of void occurrence so that the lifespan of pavement with a separator layer is improved compared to regular pavements which frequently have voids beneath the slab. With the finite element model results and cumulative fatigue life equations, the separator layer was estimated to elongate the pavement service life for years, depending on the time voids appear.
Decision-Making Framework for Construction Clients in Selecting Appropriate Procurement Route
Authors: Bolomope Muhammed , Amidu Abdul-Rasheed , Ajayi Saheed , Javed Arshad
Published: December 2022

Procurement decision-making is a crucial determinant of project success. Although several objective, stage-based models have been proposed to guide clients’ procurement choices, little emphasis has been made on the subjective nature of construction clients. Recognizing the role of clients’ experiences in justifying procurement routes, this study develops a decision-making framework that is capable of guiding construction clients in making informed procurement choices. Adopting a mixed-method approach, comprising semi-structured interviews and multi-objective optimization, relevant procurement options were appraised based on clients’ specifications and project deliverables. The lived experiences of construction clients and the importance they attach to pre-defined selection rating criteria were subsequently evaluated, using a template that enables clients to prioritize procurement methods for different project types. The resultant framework offers a holistic, practical, and collaborative procurement selection process that promotes the efficient delivery of construction projects by reducing the cost overrun and delays associated with uninformed client decisions in construction procurement.
RKIP: A Pivotal Gene Product in the Pathogenesis of Cancer
Authors: Bonavida Benjamin
Published: December 2022

Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), previously known as a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP), was cloned by Yeung et al [...]