bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemoradioimmunotherapy of inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: immunological rationale and current clinical trials establishing a novel multimodal strategy
Authors: Käsmann Lukas , Eze Chukwuka , Taugner Julian , Roengvoraphoj Olarn , Dantes Maurice , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Schiopu Sanziana , Belka Claus , Manapov Farkhad
Published: July 2020

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have dramatically changed the landscape of lung cancer treatment. Preclinical studies investigating combination of ICI with radiation show a synergistic improvement of tumor control probability and have resulted in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. For advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), targeting immune checkpoint pathways has proven to be less toxic with more durable treatment response than conventional chemotherapy. In inoperable Stage III NSCLC, consolidation immune checkpoint inhibition with the PD-L1 inhibitor durvalumab after completion of concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy resulted in remarkable improvement of progression-free and overall survival. This new tri-modal therapy has become a new treatment standard. Development of predictive biomarkers and improvement of patient selection and monitoring is the next step in order to identify patients most likely to derive maximal benefit from this new multimodal approach. In this review, we discuss the immunological rationale and current trials investigating chemoradioimmunotherapy for inoperable stage III NSCLC.
The involvement of human organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in drug-herb/food interactions
Authors: Ali Youmna , Shams Tahiatul , Wang Ke , Cheng Zhengqi , Li Yue , Shu Wenying , Bao Xiaofeng , Zhu Ling , Murray Michael , Zhou Fanfan
Published: July 2020

Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are important transporter proteins that are expressed at the plasma membrane of cells, where they mediate the influx of endogenous and exogenous substances including hormones, natural compounds and many clinically important drugs. OATP1A2, OATP2B1, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 are the most important OATP isoforms and influence the pharmacokinetic performance of drugs. These OATPs are highly expressed in the kidney, intestine and liver, where they determine the distribution of drugs to these tissues. Herbal medicines are increasingly popular for their potential health benefits. Humans are also exposed to many natural compounds in fruits, vegetables and other food sources. In consequence, the consumption of herbal medicines or food sources together with a range of important drugs can result in drug-herb/food interactions via competing specific OATPs. Such interactions may lead to adverse clinical outcomes and unexpected toxicities of drug therapies. This review summarises the drug-herb/food interactions of drugs and chemicals that are present in herbal medicines and/or food in relation to human OATPs. This information can contribute to improving clinical outcomes and avoiding unexpected toxicities of drug therapies in patients.
Effect of relaxation therapy on benzodiazepine use in patients with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuaki , Takeuchi Takeaki , Koyama Akiko , Hiiragi Miki , Suka Shunsuke , Hashizume Masahiro
Published: July 2020

Background

The change in the benzodiazepine (BZD) use of patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) following the application of relaxation therapy were examined.

Methods

Of the 221 outpatients with MUS using BZD, 42 received relaxation therapy. Change in BZD use was compared using a relaxation group (n = 42) and a control group that had 84 MUS patients whose baseline was matched by optimal matching algorithms. Logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the effect of BZD-dependent factors on the BZD dose of the relaxation group.

Results

Compared with the control group, the number of patients who decreased the amount of BZD and the number of patients whose subjective symptoms of MUS improved were significantly higher in the relaxation group (p < 0.05). In addition, a factor that made it difficult to reduce the BZD of MUS patients who had undergone relaxation was a long history of BZD use, for more than 6 months (odds ratio, 0.06, 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.36).

Conclusions

Relaxation therapy for patients with MUS may help reduce BZD use; however, early intervention is important to prevent BZD dependence.
An explanatory model of factors enabling sustainability of let’s talk in an adult mental health service: a participatory case study
Authors: Allchin Becca , O’Hanlon Brendan , Weimand Bente M. , Boyer Fran , Cripps Georgia , Gill Lisa , Paisley Brooke , Pietsch Sian , Wynne Brad , Goodyear Melinda
Published: July 2020

Background

While effective interventions have been developed to support families where a parent has a mental illness in Adult Mental Health Services, embedding and sustaining them is challenging resulting in families not having access to support. This study developed an explanatory model of influencers that had enabled sustainability of the Let’s Talk intervention in one service.

Methods

A participatory case study was used to build an explanatory model of sustainability at the service using theoretical frameworks. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected about practitioner’s practice and the organisation’s implementation process and capacity to support practice. A local research group worked with the researcher using a transforming data approach through description, analysis and interpretation.

Results

Influencers were grouped into four major categories: (1) External social, political and financial context, (2) Resources, (3) Prior organisational capacity and (4) Sustainability Factors. The last category, Sustainability factors, was divided into three subcategories: (4.1)Practitioner (4.2) Organisation and (4.3) Parent-Client. These categories form part of an explanatory model for the key influencers of continued practitioner practice and organisational capacity to support practice.

Conclusions and implications for practice

In this case study, the pre-existing organisational context along with practitioner, organisation and parent-client factors operated together to influence sustainability. The results suggest that sustainability is more likely to be supported by both linking Let’s Talk to existing organisational identity, capacity, structures and relationships and by supporting mutual adaptations to improve the fit. Additionally, by understanding that setbacks are common and ongoing adjustments are needed, implementers are able to have realistic expectations of sustainability.
A single, shared origin for all three coronary arteries from the right coronary cusp: a case report
Authors: Nesheiwat Zeid , Eid Joseph , Soni Ronak , Harnish Paul , Sabbagh Ebrahim , Eltahawy Ehab
Published: July 2020

Background

Anomalous coronary arteries occur in less than 1% of the population and have been implicated in sudden cardiac and exercise-related death. The most common variant involves the left circumflex artery arising from a separate ostium than the left coronary artery. This case demonstrates a rare variation in which all three coronary arteries arise from a shared, single, ostium originating from the right coronary cusp.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 63-year-old Caucasian man with a history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation who presented for syncope. Inpatient ischemic workup, including coronary angiography, demonstrated a rare coronary anomaly which included all three coronary arteries arising from a shared, single, ostium originating from the right coronary cusp. Our patient was treated conservatively with an option for coronary bypass if symptomatic.

Conclusion

Surgical management is indicated in high-risk patients, but the optimal management for a nonmalignant, shared origin for all three coronary arteries has not been explored in detail.
Putative anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles of the natural tissue guardian methyl palmitate against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats
Authors: Hamed Ahmed B. , Mantawy Eman M. , El-Bakly Wesam M. , Abdel-Mottaleb Yousra , Azab Samar S.
Published: July 2020

Background

Myocardial injury is considered as a worldwide main cause of morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the probable cardioprotective activity of the naturally occurring endogenous fatty acid ester methyl palmitate (MP) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury in rats and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The study was carried out in two consecutive sets of experiments; the first set screened the cardioprotective dose of MP in ISO-intoxicated rats. In the second set, forty male Sprague Dawley rats received either MP (150 mg/kg, p.o) three times/week for 2 weeks and/or 2 consecutive doses of ISO separated by 24 h (85 mg/kg, s.c) on the 13th and 14th days. Different cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Furthermore, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels were determined. For detection of apoptosis, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3 were estimated. To assess inflammation, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. Meanwhile, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected immunohistochemically.

Results

Pretreatment with MP significantly ameliorated the cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress markers. It also markedly elevated eNOS content, decreased apoptotic marker expression, and mitigated TLR-4 activation and other inflammatory markers. Electrocardiography and histopathological examination also confirmed the cardioprotective effect of MP.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicated that MP possesses a potent cardioprotective activity against ISO-induced myocardial injury through its significant antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatation activities.

Graphical abstract
Zasada laickości V Republiki Francuskiej i jej implikacje prawno-polityczne
Authors: Szczepankiewicz-Rudzka Ewa
Published: July 2020

The Secularity Principle of the Fifth French Republic and Its Legal and Political Implications The aim of this article is to analyze two aspects of the French principle of the secular state. The article outlines the characteristics of the normative legitimacy of the separation of church and state, focusing on the documents that introduce and specify this principle. It also presents political aspects of the separation of church and state, especially the evolution of its implementation, which has changed along with the dynamics of the social and political context. The presented argumentation will serve to prove the thesis that the French concept of laïcité is not a clear and uniform political principle since its versions may significantly differ.
Liquid crystal lens with doping of rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hsu Che Ju , Singh Bhupendra Pratap , Antony Mareena , Selvaraj Pravinraj , Manohar Rajiv , Huang Chi Yen
Published: July 2020

A 4 mm-aperture hole-patterned liquid crystal (LC) lens has been fabricated using a LC mixture, which consisted of rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and nematic LC E7, for the first time. The TiO2 NP dopant improves the addressing and operation voltages of the LC lens significantly because it strengthens the electric field surrounding the TiO2 NP and increases the capacitance of lens cell. Unlike the doping of common colloidal NPs, that of rutile TiO2 NPs increases the phase transition temperature and birefringence of the LC mixture, thereby helping enhance the lens power of LC lens. In comparison with a pure LC lens, the TiO2 NP-doped one has approximately 50% lower operation voltage because of the strengthened electric field around the NPs and has roughly 2.8 times faster response time because of the decreased rotational viscosity of the LC mixture and the increased interaction between the LC molecules by the NP dopants. Notably, the doping of rutile TiO2 NPs improves the operation voltage, tunable focusing capability, and response time of LC lens simultaneously. Meanwhile, this method does not degrade the focusing and lens qualities. The imaging performances of TiO2 NP-doped LC lens at various voltages are demonstrated practically by tunable focusing on three objectives at different positions. These results introduce NP in the application of LC lenses.
Enhancement of spontaneous emission of semiconductor quantum dots inside one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystals
Authors: Dovzhenko Dmitriy , Martynov Igor , Samokhvalov Pavel , Osipov Evgeniy , Lednev Maxim , Chistyakov Alexander , Karaulov Alexander , Nabiev Igor
Published: July 2020

Controlling spontaneous emission by modifying the local electromagnetic environment is of great interest for applications in optoelectronics, biosensing and energy harvesting. Although the development of devices based on one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystals with embedded luminophores is a promising approach for applications, the efficiency of the embedded luminophores remains a key challenge because of the strong quenching of the emission due to the contact of the luminophores with the surface of porous silicon preventing the observation of interesting light–matter coupling effects. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an increase in the quantum dot (QD) spontaneous emission rate inside a porous silicon microcavity and almost an order of magnitude enhancement of QD photoluminescence intensity in the weak light–matter coupling regime. Furthermore, we have demonstrated drastic alteration of the QD spontaneous emission at the edge of the photonic band gap in porous silicon distributed Bragg reflectors and proved its dependence on the change in the density of photonic states.
Photoacoustically assisted material ejection from fused SiO2 following UV nanosecond laser ablation
Authors: Lü Tao , Shao Jianli , Meng Jiuling , Jiang Yong , Qiu Rong
Published: July 2020

When an ultraviolet nanosecond laser focuses on the rear surface of a fused

S
i
O

2

sample through its front surface, two internal shock waves (SWs) generating from the rear surface propagate toward the front surface. These SWs are derived as the consequence of different physical processes giving rise to ablation particles. They will induce micro-ejection particles from the existing micro-crater sculpted by the laser at the front surface, if their intensities are higher than the yield strength of the material. Atomistic simulations reveal the formation mechanism of shock-induced ejection from the ablated defects. Photoacoustically assisted material ejection has been theoretically and experimentally verified.
A Novel Approach to Dilation of Complete Colorectal Anastomotic Stricture Using Transillumination
Authors: Nasir Umair M. , Rodgers Brandon , Choi Catherine , Panchal Dayna , Salimi Qasim , Ahlawat Sushil
Published: July 2020

Colorectal anastomotic strictures are a well-known complication of low anterior resection. Depending on their location, strictures are amendable to different forms of endoscopic intervention. However, all endoscopic interventions are contingent on passing a guidewire across the anastomotic stricture. We present the case of a patient with a complete anastomotic stricture that could not be traversed by conventional endoscopy and the unique method by which a lumen was created in the anastomotic strictures that allowed for a guidewire to be passed across.
Переход к взрослой жизни молодых людей, имеющих опыт институциональной заботы
Authors: Чернова Жанна Владимировна , Шпаковская Лариса Леонидовна
Published: July 2020

Цель статьи — реконструировать траектории перехода, характерные для взросления выпускников детских домов в российском контексте. Социальная политика, создавая условия доступа к услугам государственных структур и ресурсам, формирует нормативное представление о поведении молодых людей в соответствии с их возрастом. В современных обществах происходят дестандартизация и дефрагментация разворачивания биографических событий в жизни молодых людей, а индивидам приписывается активная роль в совершении жизненно важных выборов и принятии биографических решений.
В статье используется концепция режима перехода как совокупности институтов социальной политики и культурных нормативных предписаний, задающих условия и модели взросления. Для преодоления разрыва между структурным уровнем и индивидуальным биографическим уровнем перехода к взрослой жизни выпускников детских домов используется концепция резильентности, позволяющая учесть социетальный контекст и индивидуальные особенности взросления.
Эмпирическая база исследования включает биографические интервью с выпускниками детских домов, экспертные интервью, а также материалы тематических блогов и форумов. На основе анализа собранных эмпирических данных проанализированы типичные траектории перехода к взрослой жизни: движение вперед, адаптация и скатывание, а также выделены факторы резильентности, способствующие попаданию на ту или иную жизненную траекторию. В статье показано, как специфика понимания взрослости и особенности нормативного перехода к взрослой жизни фактически становятся структурными ограничениями, которые помещают выпускников в рамки стандартизированного перехода, характерного для индустриального общества, и не оставляют шансов для гибких индивидуализированных и пролонгированных переходов, типичных для современной молодежи (прежде всего представителей среднего класса, обладающих таким страхующим механизмом, как семья; их переход рассматривается как культурная норма взросления). Стандартизированная, нормативная модель перехода, предписываемая выпускникам детских домов, противоречит современной тенденции плюрализации жизненных стилей молодежи.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в ходе проведения исследования (№ 20-01-005) в рамках Программы «Научный фонд Национального исследовательского университета “Высшая школа экономики” (НИУ ВШЭ)» в 2020—2022 гг. и в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5—100», а также при поддержке Благотворительного Фонда «Арифметика добра».
Миграционные намерения молодежи с миграционным бэкграундом и без: российский случай
Authors: Рочева Анна Леонидовна , Варшавер Евгений Александрович
Published: July 2020

Стабильная благоприятная демографическая ситуация предполагает, что привлеченные в страну мигранты хотят остаться, а местное население не намеревается уезжать. В статье предпринимается попытка оценить, насколько разные сегменты самой миграционно подвижной группы — молодежи — склонны рассматривать Россию как страну для будущей жизни. В фокусе внимания следующие группы молодежи 18—30 лет, проживающие в России: (1) работающие мигранты, (2) иностранные студенты, (3) мигранты второго и полуторного поколения из Средней Азии, а также (4) местная молодежь. На основании опроса (N = 1143), проведенного в 2020 г. с помощью таргетинга в социальной сети «ВКонтакте», авторы рассматривают, во-первых, миграционные намерения разных групп молодежи в пятилетней перспективе, во-вторых, факторы, связанные с планами жить через пять лет в России или в другой стране, в-третьих, условия, при которых не собирающиеся через пять лет жить в России готовы изменить планы.
Жить в России через пять лет планируют около половины иностранных студентов, работающих мигрантов и местной молодежи, а также две трети мигрантов второго и полуторного поколения. Результаты исследования подтверждают предположения, что «объективные» экономические показатели благосостояния, такие как размер заработной платы, менее значимы для миграционных планов работающей молодежи, чем показатели «субъективные», такие как удовлетворенность доходом, экономическим положением или работой в целом. Фактор, «выталкивающий» из России молодежь независимо от ее рода занятий и миграционного бэкграунда, — ощущение правовой незащищенности. Кроме того, для каждой группы весомы свои факторы. Для иностранных студентов это привязанность к родной стране и уверенность в трудоустройстве в России, для студентов из числа местной молодежи и мигрантов второго и полуторного поколения — наличие связей с людьми, живущими в России или других странах, для работающих мигрантов — привязанность к родной стране, а для работающих респондентов из числа местной молодежи и мигрантов второго и полуторного поколения — мнение, что в другой стране они были бы более состоятельными.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-78-00019).
Gradient estimate of a variable power for nonlinear elliptic equations with Orlicz growth
Authors: Liang Shuang , Zheng Shenzhou
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we prove a global Calderón-Zygmund type estimate in the framework of Lorentz spaces for a variable power of the gradients to the zero-Dirichlet problem of general nonlinear elliptic equations with the nonlinearities satisfying Orlicz growth. It is mainly assumed that the variable exponents p(x) satisfy the log-Hölder continuity, while the nonlinearity and underlying domain (A, Ω) is (δ, R
0)-vanishing in x ∈ Ω.
DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTIC POINTS OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS USING MULTI-START OPTIMIZATION WITH A WAVELET TRANSFORM
Authors: Shcherbakova Galina Y. , Krylov Viktor N. , Plachinda Olha E.
Published: July 2020

The description of the main steps of the method for determination ofthe coordinates of the extremumsof non-stationary periodic signals is given. This method is based on multi-start optimization using the wavelet transform. The main steps of the base form of multi-start optimization methodwith using the wavelet transform are given. The results of investigation of noise stability and error for the search of extremumsof asymmetric and multi-modal test functions for such method are given. The main stepsof extremumsearch by such method in new method for determination ofthe coordinates of the extremum of non-stationary periodic signals are implemented.This method is implemented for automated electrocardiograms(ECG)diagnostic systems in tele-medicine. This method allowed us to determine characteristic fragments coordinates for electrocardiogram.The procedure for esti-mation of the characteristic fragmentscoordinatesand intervals between them is based on this multi-start optimization method with using the wavelet transform. The main steps of thisprocedure are described. The error inestimatingtheduration of theintervalsbetween ECG characteristic fragmentswas estimated and the noise immunity of such estimation with increasing the noise level was evaluated. The relative error in estimationofthe intervalsduration between characteristic fragments was less than 4% in the case of the signal-to-noise ratio in amplitude up to 10. These results allowrecommendingthe developed method for implementationin in-formation technologies for automated decision support systems, including telemedicine,in condition ofincreasing noise level in ECG signals. Forfurther research,it is planned to develop a methodology for estimationthe remaining parameters of characteristic fragments and complexes in ECG, reducing the edge effects during the estimation of the extremums coordinates.
APPLICATION OF CONVERGENT APPROACH IN STRATEGIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kadykova Iryna M. , Khvostichenko Viktor V. , Khudiakov Illia O.
Published: July 2020

Thearticleisdedicatedtotheproblemofintegration of project, strategic and cognitive management in the system of interactions of the management subject and the heterotropicenvironment. The place of convergence in strategic developmentprojects management is considered through the prism of cognitive approach.Main multidisciplinary approaches are defined in the field of open nonlinear systems of “subject-environment” interactions management. Issues of the place of intentions, goal setting and their interconnections were considered in the context of the project approach. Relevance of convergency of strategic, cognitive and project approach from the perspective of strategic projects management was justified. Connections of cognitive knowledge obtaining processes and project integration management during the realization of the lifecycle were identified. Relevant approaches to convergency issues were analyzed and theoretical justifications of influence of correspondence of competencies of the project team on the system’s strategic development was developed. Key elements of the system of interactions of the management subject from the position of cognitive, strategic and project management were described. Base interconnections of modern epistemologicaldirections of the modern management field were formalized. Multidisciplinary connections were considered that highlight the change of paradigm of complex nonlinear systems management, its adaptation to the conditions of the sixth technological mode –NBIC-convergence. Issue of concept of system’s strategic development as a complex of formalization processes and realization of management approaches for successful realization of projects was considered. Aparticular attention the authors pay to research of knowledge management in the integrated system of project team management. A concept of development of intellectual capital through the system of experience accumulation new ideas, initiative, innovations generation of intentions, goal setting and result during acquiring new valuables by the subject of project management.
Implementation of Discovery Learning Model Based on Calor Characteristic Bricks Mixed by (Durio Zibethinus) and Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Skin to Improve Students’ Cognitive Learning Outcomes
Authors: Mayub A. , Suryani E. , Farid M.
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the cognitive learning outcomes of students through learning the Discovery Learning model that uses practicum material bricks mixed by durian and coconut skin. The briquettes were implemented as practicum materials on temperature and heat learning in the Discovery Learning model to improve learning outcomes of KIR students in SMP N 15 Kota Bengkulu. Bomb Calorimeter in Chemical Laboratory Basic Science UNIB was used to determine the calorific value of briquette variations in the mixture of durian and coconut shell skin. The characteristics of briquette were carried out in the Science Laboratory. The instrument used in learning implementation was a multiple-choice test form that has been validated. Result of learning implementation showed that students’ cognitive learning outcomes increased after Discovery Learning model was implemented. The N-gain value was 0.78 in the high group, 0.57 in the medium group, and 0.53 in the low group.
Protein Interactions of the Mechanosensory Proteins Wsc2 and Wsc3 for Stress Resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Vélez-Segarra Vladimir , González-Crespo Sahily , Santiago-Cartagena Ednalise , Vázquez-Quiñones Luis E , Martínez-Matías Nelson , Otero Yamirelis , Zayas Julián J , Siaca Rafael , del Rosario Jeanmadi , Mejías Inoushka , Aponte José J , Collazo Noelani C , Lasso Francisco J , Snider Jamie , Jessulat Matthew , Aoki Hiroyuki , Rymond Brian C , Babu Mohan , Stagljar Igor , Rodríguez-Medina José R
Published: July 2020

Antifungal drug discovery and design is very challenging because of the considerable similarities in genetic features and metabolic pathways between fungi and humans. However, cell wall composition represents a notable point of divergence. Therefore, a research strategy was designed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms for maintaining fungal cell wall integrity, and to identify potential targets for new drugs that modulate the underlying protein-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study defines roles for Wsc2p and Wsc3p and their interacting protein partners in the cell wall integrity signaling and cell survival mechanisms that respond to treatments with fluconazole and hydrogen peroxide. By combined genetic and biochemical approaches, we report the discovery of 12 novel protein interactors of Wsc2p and Wsc3p. Of these, Wsc2p interacting partners Gtt1p and Yck2p, have opposing roles in the resistance and sensitivity to fluconazole treatments respectively. The interaction of Wsc2p with Ras2p was confirmed by iMYTH and IP-MS approaches and is shown to play a dominant role in response to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Consistent with an earlier study, Ras2p was also identified as an interacting partner of Wsc1p and Mid2p cell wall integrity signaling proteins. Collectively, this study expands the interaction networks of the mechanosensory proteins of the Cell Wall Integrity pathway.
Review: The risk of contracting anthrax from spore-contaminated soil – A military medical perspective
Authors: Finke Ernst-Jürgen , Beyer Wolfgang , Loderstädt Ulrike , Frickmann Hagen
Published: July 2020

Anthrax is an infectious disease of relevance for military forces. Although spores of Bacillus anthracis obiquitously occur in soil, reports on soil-borne transmission to humans are scarce. In this narrative review, the potential of soil-borne transmission of anthrax to humans is discussed based on pathogen-specific characteristics and reports on anthrax in the course of several centuries of warfare. In theory, anthrax foci can pose a potential risk of infection to animals and humans if sufficient amounts of virulent spores are present in the soil even after an extended period of time. In praxis, however, transmissions are usually due to contacts with animal products and reported events of soil-based transmissions are scarce. In the history of warfare, even in the trenches of World War I, reported anthrax cases due to soil-contaminated wounds are virtually absent. Both the perspectives and the experience of the Western hemisphere and of former Soviet Republics are presented. Based on the accessible data as provided in the review, the transmission risk of anthrax by infections of wounds due to spore-contaminated soil is considered as very low under the most circumstance. Active historic anthrax foci may, however, still pose a risk to the health of deployed soldiers.
Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the aroma volatiles, polyphenols contents, and antioxidant activity of post-harvest ripening peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit
Authors: Tang J. , Zhang W. , Liu R. , Liao Q. , Jiang P. , Li Z. , Lan J.
Published: July 2020

Peach is a perishable fruit that quickly loses its aroma and bioactive components during storage. In this article, we evaluated the effect of treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the quality of stored peaches depending on shelf-life temperature. Ethylene production and aroma content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Polyphenol levels were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the antioxidant capacity of peach samples was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2?-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. We found that treatment with 1-MCP could delay the ripening process and reduce the decay of peach fruit depending upon shelf-life temperature. Furthermore, treatment with 1-MCP efficiently delayed climacteric ethylene production, maintained high levels of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity and characteristic lactones, including ?-decalactone, ?-decalactone, ?-octalatone, jasmine lactone and ? dodecalactone. Moreover, treatment with 1-MCP also helped maintain high levels of chlorogenic acid, L epicatechin, catechin, quercetin-3-rutinoside and neochlorogenic acid, as well as high antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis showed that treatment with 1-MCP during the second week of storage coincided with activity of lactones, poly-phenols and antioxidants, which was consistent with changes in phytochemicals. These results revealed that treatment with 1-MCP offers potential as a preservation strategy for maintaining the flavour and nutritional quality of peach fruit under shelf-life conditions.
Frecuencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de anorexia y bulimia en un colegio de Lima, 2017
Authors: Gomez Sanchez Pilar , Gutierrez Katherine , L Gutierrez Ericson
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es determinar la frecuencia de factores de riesgo para desarrollar anorexia y bulimia en alumnos de 3° y 4° de secundaria de una institución educativa de San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima. Para este propósito, se realizó un estudio transversal. Luego, se aplicó un instrumento validado denominado “factores de riesgo de Anorexia y Bulimia (FRAB)” a los alumnos, durante el mes de octubre del 2017. En el estudio se incluyeron un total de 100 alumnos, del cual el 67% fueron mujeres. El 21% de los alumnos, presentaron un mayor riesgo de presentar anorexia y bulimia en comparación con los demás alumnos del plantel. Los principales factores de riesgo fueron conductas influidas por la familia y los pares (25%), actitudes irracionales (22%) y autoestima (22%). En conclusión, la frecuencia de riesgo para presentar anorexia y bulimia en general fue del 21%, los principales factores de riesgo identificados fueron conductas influidas por la familia y los pares, actitudes irracionales y autoestima.
Validez de constructo y confiabilidad de un instrumento para evaluar la atención a la diversidad estudiantil en danza
Authors: Avila García Yeny , Herrera Meza Sergio Raúl
Published: July 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar el estudio de validez de constructo y confiabilidad del instrumento CEADED que evalúa la atención a la diversidad entre estudiantes de danza a nivel universitario. Se realizó un estudio instrumental con base en los siguientes pasos: 1) analizar la validez de constructo mediante el empleo del análisis factorial; y 2) analizar la confiabilidad del instrumento. Se aplicó el instrumento a una muestra de 453 estudiantes de carreras profesionales en danza procedentes de diversas universidades de México, y se realizó el análisis factorial mediante el método de extracción de factorización de ejes principales iterado con rotación Oblimin Directo. El análisis factorial mostró ocho factores que explicaron el 65.260 % de la varianza y la confiabilidad fue de un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.957.
A Retrospective Comparison of Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia Provided for Uncooperative Healthy Patients and Patients with Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Ciftci Volkan , Yazicioglu İffet
Published: July 2020

Background/Objective: This retrospective comparative analysis evaluates the patterns of dental treatment undertaken on uncooperative healthy and special health care needs patients with respect to different age categories. Study design: This study reviewed the data from 342 patients (205 male and 137 female), between the ages of 1 and 12 at the time of the treatment, who had received comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia in the operating rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University from January 2016 through December 2018. Patient records were divided into two groups according to the patient’s medical and mental conditions. SHCN patients (272 patients) with at least one type of mental, medical or physical disability were assigned to Group S and uncooperative healthy patients (70 patients) were assigned to Group H. Treatment modalities of restorative procedures, number of extracted teeth, pulp therapy, and other dental procedures were compared between these groups with respect to eruptional stages in the dentition (<6 years and 6–12 years) Results: There was no significant difference between groups H and S in terms of the mean duration of dental treatment among age categories in both groups. The mean number of extracted teeth was significantly greater in Group S. The mean number of teeth treated by restorative procedures in groups H and S were 4.40 and 4.40, respectively, showing no significant difference. Conclusions: Comparison of two different groups, with patients who have received comprehensive dental treatment in an operating room, revealed that the number of teeth extracted was significantly higher for the SHCN patients. On the basis of our results, it was concluded that medical and mental conditions affect dental treatment modalities. Preventive treatment strategies are particularly required for patients with SHCN and it is important to educate patients and their parents/caregivers on the importance of home dental care.
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE
Authors: Jean-Pierre Johanne , De Finney Sandrina , Blanchet-Cohen Natasha
Published: July 2020

This special issue aims to explore Canadian pedagogical and curricular practices in child and youth care and youth work preservice education with an emphasis on empirical and applied studies that centre students’ perspectives of learning. The issue includes a theoretical reflection and empirical studies with students, educators, and practitioners from a range of postsecondary programs in Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. The empirical articles use various methodologies to explore pedagogical and curricular approaches, including Indigenous land- and water-based pedagogies, ethical settler frontline and teaching practices, the pedagogy of the lightning talk, novel-based pedagogy, situated learning, suicide prevention education, and simulation-based teaching. These advance our understanding of accountability and commitment to Indigenous, decolonial, critical, experiential, and participatory praxis in child and youth care postsecondary education. In expanding the state of knowledge about teaching and learning in child and youth care, we also aspire to validate interdisciplinary ways of learning and knowing, and to spark interest in future research that recognizes the need for education to be ethical, critically engaged, creatively experiential, and deeply culturally and environmentally relevant.
POISED TO ADVOCATE
Authors: Jean-Pierre Johanne , Hassan Sabrin , Sturge Asha , Gharabaghi Kiaras , Lewis Megan , Bailey Jonathan , Panitch Melanie
Published: July 2020

Advocacy is an integral part of child and youth care workers’ roles and a significant component of child and youth care politicized praxis and radical youth work. Drawing from the qualitative data of a mixed-methods study conducted in 2019 at a Canadian metropolitan university, this study seeks to unpack how the pedagogy of the lightning talk can foster advocacy skills to effectively and spontaneously speak out with and on behalf of children, youth, and families in everyday practice when an unforeseen systemic challenge or barrier arises. A purposive sample of 70 undergraduate students was recruited in two child and youth care courses, both of which required students to present a lightning talk. Participants completed an online questionnaire with closed-ended and open-ended questions in order to share their perspectives of the pedagogy of the lightning talk. The findings show that the lightning talk fosters twenty-first century and metacognitive skills and, most importantly, advocacy skills.
Microbiota intestinal humana y dieta
Authors: Padrón Pereira Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2020

La dieta es un factor que impulsa la composición y el metabolismo de la microbiota intestinal (M-I), y los macronutrientes ejercen un gran impacto en la (M-I). Los carbohidratos no digeribles pueden producir marcados cambios en la (M-I), las fibras dietéticas son los principales impulsores de la composición y función de la (M-I), permiten estimular el predominio de una (M-I) capaz de utilizar estos sustratos como fuente de energía, pero estos efectos dependen tanto del tipo de fibra como de la composición inicial de la (M-I) de un individuo. El metabolismo proteico por la (M-I) da como resultado productos adicionales, algunos de los cuales son potencialmente dañinos para la salud del huésped. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes y Actinobacteria son los tres filos principales que habitan en el intestino grueso humano. El género Bacteroides se asocia con dietas basadas en carne, las familias Ruminococcaceae y Lachnospiraceae con dietas ricas en polisacáridos complejos de plantas y el género Prevotella con dietas altas en azúcar pero bajas en grasas y proteínas. La dieta puede usarse para modular la composición y el metabolismo de la (M-I). Una estrategia dietética para modular (M-I) es el consumo de fibra dietética y prebióticos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir conocimiento sobre la (M-I), orientado hacia un uso de la dieta para proporcionar beneficios a la salud humana.
New types of tourism and tourism marketing in the post-industrial world
Authors: Árva László , Deli-Gray Zsuzsa
Published: July 2020

At the end of the 20th century in the most developed countries economy and society went through profound transformation. The emerging post-industrial society can be characterised by the dominance of service industry, more leisure time of the population, higher disposable income and more conscious consumers. These conscious consumers are more and more quality orientated and reject undifferentiated mass products. New customers of tourism and hospitality industry are not only more affluent – so less price conscious – and more quality orientated but they are also seeking activity, participation, fantasy, and experience. These new types of tourists are interested rather in aesthetic aspects of life and are seeking highly differentiated, personalised experience. In the following article the authors, professors of the French ESSCA business school overview theoretical aspects of new, post-Fordist tourism demand and present examples of the new tourism and hospitality products having emerged in the developed countries during the last years.
Roteiro geoecológico na escola
Authors: Cristiano Samanta da Costa , Silva Júlia Pires da , Cunha Ícaro Aronovich da , Dalpiaz Maurício de Melo
Published: July 2020

O Roteiro Geoecológico descrito neste artigo percorre três Unidades de Conservação da Costa de Araranguá, com painéis interpretativos implantados em 2017, atualmente em fase de reforma. Painéis são importantes aliados na educação científica. Apresenta-se a experiência de dois cursos voltados aos professores da educação básica local, com parte teórica e saída de campo, além do preenchimento de formulários Google, que compõem a base de dados para a cocriação de novos conteúdos e layout dos painéis. Observou-se o desconhecimento dos docentes acerca de instrumentos de conservação e divulgação da natureza local; a principal dificuldade para saídas de campo é o transporte. A participação dos docentes na cocriação do roteiro e a articulação de transporte pelo Departamento de Turismo do município podem estimular os docentes a efetuar saídas de campo em suas práticas docentes, e assim contribuir para a formação de cidadãos críticos e ativos para a conservação da natureza local.
A possível fonte da seta do tempo causal em explicações geo-históricas
Authors: Kravitz Gadi , Caxito Fabrício de Andrade
Published: July 2020

Meu argumento neste artigo será que a natureza, em geral, e a natureza humana, em particular, sugere que, em princípio, é possível derivar a seta do tempo causal de diversas outras setas físicas do tempo na natureza que parecem ser fenômenos unidirecionais e irreversíveis. Um argumento mais concreto será que a suposição de uma seta do tempo causal a qual geólogos recorrem em todas as explicações geohistóricas aparentemente se origina de setas do tempo geohistóricas escondidas em processos físico-geológicos unidirecionais e irreversíveis. Eu irei ilustrar esta afirmação com alguns exemplos de explicações geohistóricas na teoria da Tectônica de Placas, a maioria das quais é baseada em processos geológicos e físicos irreversíveis. Meu argumento final é mais amplo, de natureza epistemológica, segundo o qual a suposição de uma seta do tempo causal utilizada em explicações lógico-causativas no dia a dia e na ciência aparentemente é “derivada” de certa forma da seta do tempo geohistórica. Eu irei basear este argumento na relação causal e na influência mútua que ocorre na natureza entre processos geohistóricos e evolutivos em animais, incluindo processos de desenvolvimento do cérebro e da mente humana. Deste argumento reducionista, bem integrado no quadro da Epistemologia Evolutiva, é possível derivar uma grande quantidade de argumentos naturalísticos de acordo com os quais, em princípios, as leis da física geohistórica podem ser reduzidas às leis da lógica e da causalidade.
Bayés’ Syndrome – A Comprehensive Short Review
Authors: Murariu Emma , Frigy Attila
Published: July 2020

Prediction and early detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) remain a permanent challenge in everyday practice. Timely identification of an increased risk for AF episodes (which are frequently asymptomatic) is essential in the primary and secondary prevention of cardioembolic events. One of the noninvasive modalities of AF prediction is represented by the electrocardiographic P-wave analysis. This includes the study and diagnosis of interatrial conduction block (Bachmann`s bundle block). Bayés’ Syndrome (named after its first descriptor) denotes the association between interatrial conduction defect and supraventricular arrhythmias (mainly AF) predisposing to cardioembolic events. Our short review presents an update of the most important data concerning this syndrome: brief history, main ECG features, pathophysiological background and clinical implications.
Microstructure and Composition Evolution of a Fused Slurry Silicide Coating on MoNbTaTiW Refractory High-entropy Alloy in High-temperature Oxidation Environment
Authors: Han Jiesheng , Su Bo , Meng Junhu , Zhang Aijun , Wu Youzhi
Published: July 2020

The poor oxidation resistance of refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) is a major obstacle for their use in high-temperature engineering applications. Anti-oxidation coating technology is an effective method for improving the oxidation resistance. In this paper, the Si-20Cr-20Fe coating was prepared on MoNbTaTiW RHEA by a fused slurry method. The microstructural evolution and compositions of the silicide coating under high-temperature oxidation environment were studied. The results show that the silicide coating could effectively prevent the oxidation of the MoNbTaTiW RHEA. The initial silicide coating had a double-layer structure; a high silicon-content layer mainly composed of MSi2 as the outer layer and a low silicon-content layer mainly contained M5Si3 as the inner layer. Under high-temperature oxidation conditions, the silicon element diffused from the silicide coating to the RHEA substrate while the oxidation of the coating occurred. After oxidation, the coating was composed of an outer oxide layer and an inner silicide layer. The silicide layer moved toward the inside of the substrate, led to the increase of its thickness. Compared with the initial silicified layer, its structure did not change significantly. The structure and compositions of the oxide layer on the outer surface strongly depended on the oxidation temperature. This paper provides a strategy for protecting RHEAs from oxidation at high-temperature environments.