bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Pesawaran
Authors:   Universitas Saburai, Parela Epi , Susilo A.W. Siswo ,   STIE Krakatau
Published: November 2023

Keberadaan sumber daya manusia dalam suatu organisasi merupakan aset yang berharga bagi organisasi itu sendiri. Keberhasilan suatu organisasi ditentukan dari kualitas orang-orang yang berada di dalamnya. Sumber daya manusia akan bekerja secara optimal jika organisasi dapat mendukung kemajuan karir mereka dengan melihat apa sebenarnya kompetensi mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan motivasi kerja terhadap kualitas SDM pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Pesawaran. Adapun jenis Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model penelitian Explanatory. Penelitian ini menggunakan 36 responden penelitian. Ada tiga variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 2 (dua) Variabel bebas (X1 dan X2) dan 1 (satu) variabel terikat dimana pengembangan sumber daya manusia (X1) dan Motivasi Kerja (X2) sebagai variabel bebas dan kualitas SDM (Y) sebagai variabel terikat. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data ditemukan jawaban hipotesis yakni sebagai berikut; terdapat pengaruh Pengembangan SDM (X1) terhadap kualitas SDM (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh (R2 ) sebesar 44,6%. Terdapat pengaruh Motivasi Kerja (X2) terhadap kualitas SDM (Y) dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 33,93%. Terdapat pengaruh pengembangan sumber daya manusia (X1) dan motivasi kerja (X2) secara bersama-sama terhadap kualitas SDM (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 53,3%.
Pengembangan Karir Dan Motivasi Kerja Serta Implikasinya terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Studi Kasus pada Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Way Kanan)
Authors:   STIE Krakatau, Chairani Rifda , Pradana M. Rafieq Adi ,   STIE Krakatau
Published: November 2023

Pengembangan karir adalah proses peningkatan kemampuan kerja individu yang dicapai dalam rangka mencapai karir yang diinginkan. Motivasi keja adalah dorongan yang berasal dari diri pegawai. Kinerja adalah hasil kerja baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengembangan karir dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Tenaga Kerja danTtransmigrasi Kabupaten Way Kanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Explanatory Penelitian ini menggunakan 36 responden penelitian. Ada tiga variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 2 (dua) Variabel bebas (X1 dan X2) dan 1 (satu) variabel terikat dimana Pengembangan karir (X1) dan Motivasi kerja (X2) sebagai variabel bebas dan Kinerja Pegawai (Y) sebagai variabel terikat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan jawaban hipotesis yakni sebagai berikut; terdapat pengaruh pengembangan karir (X1) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh (R-square) sebesar 33,9%. Terdapat pengaruh motivasi kerja (X2) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 30,8%. Terdapat pengaruh pengembangan karir (X1) dan motivasi kerja (X2) secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 35,1%.
Trois objectifs principaux de la négritude
Authors:   Professeur retraité, BIMWENYI KWESHI Oscar
Published: November 2023

L’examen de la production discursive des écrivains de la « négritude » permet de dégager trois principaux objectifs que ces auteurs recherchaient. D’abord et fondamentalement ils relèvent le défi culturel lancé au monde noir et tendant à éliminer le nom propre, l’identité culturelle négro-africaine. Ensuite ils élèvent une protestation véhémente contre l’ordre colonial et luttent pour l’émancipation de leurs peuples opprimés. Enfin ils lancent un appel à un remaniement des relations entre les peuples pour qu’advienne non « une civilisation universelle» - extension d’une civilisation régionale, imposée par la force - mais « une civilisation de l’Universel », envisagée comme l’Aufhebung de toutes les civilisations concrètes et particulières. Mais avant de regarder d’un peu plus près cette triple thématique, un mot suffira sur l’événement même de la naissance de la « négritude » et sur ses trois fondateurs, autour de deux revues lancées par des étudiants noirs de Paris en 1932 et en 1934, Légitime défense et L’étudiant noir.
A Internet como ferramenta e recurso pedagógico
Authors: Saraiva Silvimeire Araujo , Lima Presleyson Plínio de , Moraes Leonardo Silva , Sousa Maria Aparecida de Moura Amorim , Oliveira Maria Novanês de , Gomes Sarah Medeiros Souto
Published: November 2023

Este artigo examina profundamente o impacto da Internet na educação, destacando suas potencialidades transformadoras e delineando áreas cruciais para futuras pesquisas e aprimoramentos. Inicialmente, contextualiza-se a importância da tecnologia na educação, reconhecendo-a como uma força transformadora que amplia horizontes educacionais e prepara alunos para os desafios da sociedade contemporânea. A evolução do papel da Internet como ferramenta pedagógica é discutida, desde suas primeiras manifestações até as complexas plataformas educacionais online disponíveis hoje, ressaltando as oportunidades e desafios associados a essa transformação. Foi explorada a necessidade de competências digitais para professores e alunos, reconhecendo que a educação eficaz na era digital demanda uma compreensão profunda das tecnologias disponíveis e sua aplicação pedagógica, destacando-se ainda a importância do desenvolvimento profissional contínuo dos educadores para enfrentar desafios e explorar plenamente as possibilidades oferecidas pela Internet. Aplicações práticas na sala de aula, com a apresentação de diversas plataformas e estratégias pedagógicas que demonstram como a Internet pode ser um recurso dinâmico e interativo, também foram objeto de exposição. Destacaram-se ainda exemplos de sucesso, evidenciando a variedade de abordagens que podem ser adotadas para enriquecer a experiência educacional. Abordou-se os desafios e o futuro da educação online, reconhecendo que, embora a Internet ofereça oportunidades sem precedentes, também apresenta obstáculos significativos. Foram discutidas tendências futuras, como inteligência artificial, realidade virtual e gamificação, indicando um futuro promissor e dinâmico para a educação online, bem como sugestões para futuras pesquisas, enfatizando a importância de explorar as implicações pedagógicas e sociais da integração da Internet. O artigo espera contribuir para o diálogo contínuo sobre o papel da Internet na educação, destacando áreas-chave para avanços e melhorias.
Deriving Objective Probability of Detection for Missing-Person Search: Validating Use of Effective Sweep Width and Associated Mathematical Models
Authors: Chiacchia Kenneth , Houlahan Heather
Published: November 2023

Effective sweep width (W) promises objective probability of detection (POD) values for guiding missing-person search efforts. However, methods for measuring W produce large uncertainties. Also, models for generating POD from W have not been validated for ground-based search. The authors applied least-square fits of POD data collected in the field for air-scent dog teams as well as human searchers using the two most prevalent models to derive W values. The method routinely fits the data to an R-square of .8 with more statistical power than previous methods, and appears to be detector-agnostic. The authors present recommendations for optimizing its use in the field.
Postmortem submersion intervals in the River Thames
Authors: Greatbatch Ian , Livingstone David , Hunter Gordon , Saunderson Yvonne
Published: November 2023

This paper catalogues a dataset drawn from Metropolitan Police records in the period 2004-2015 regarding drowning victims recovered from a tidal stretch of the River Thames and provides a comparative study with a similar dataset from the time period 1956-1959 by the County of London (Western District), H.M. Coroner of that time, Gavin Thurston, from the information gathered in his professional role. In addition to drawing comparisons between these time periods the paper draws inferences regarding the Post-Mortem Submersion Interval (PMSI) and proposing further study required. Both datasets show a significant bias towards male subjects counter to other comparable data in the literature. This bias is even more pronounced in the 2004-2015 period where additionally there are significantly more incidents during Full Moon Lunar Phase. Some weak seasonal trends were observed regarding equinoctial peaks but these were not statistically significant. There are few clear trends observable in factors that might influence Post-Mortem Submersion Interval although there was a weak and counter-intuitive inverse relationship between clothing weight and time in water. KEY WORDS: PMSI, Drowning, GIS
Intestinal Enzyme Activity and Enzyme Producing Microbial Flora in Relation to Feeding Behaviour in Some Brackishwater Teleosts
Authors: Rani Sudesh , Garg S. K. , Sabhlok V. P. , Bhatnagar Anita
Published: November 2023

Estimation of digestive enzyme activity, isolation and enumeration of aerobic microbial flora from the gastrointestinal tract of five brackishwater fish species (Mugil cephalus, Liza macrolepis, Mugil Lade, Chanos chanos, Lates calcarifer and Oreochromis mossambicus) of different feeding habits were carried out. The herbivorous (M. cephalus, C. chanos, M. Lade and L. macrolepis) and omnivorous (0. mossambicus) showed marked protease activity, whereas moderate protease activity was recorded in carnivorous L. calcarifer. In the herbivorous and omnivorous fish species the concentration of amylase was moderate to high. A very weak amylase activity was recorded in L. calcarifer. Cellulase activity has been found to be more pronounced in C. chanos, whereas, 0. mossambicus, M. cephalus, M. fade and L. macrolepis showed only moderate cellulase activity. Cellulase activity was weak in L. calcarzfer. Proteolytic, amylolytic, lipolytic and cellulolytic microflora were identified from the culture plates using selective media. The isolates were qualitatively screened on the basis of their extracellular enzyme producing ability. The selected isolates were further quantitatively assayed for protease, amylase and cellulase activities. Proteolytic activity was high in 0. mossambicus, whereas the activity of amylase and cellulase was high in the gastrointestinal tract of C. chanos. Protease activity was exhibited by almost all the bacterial isolates. Maximum activity of protease was exhibited by an isolate from L. macrolepis, followed by an isolate from L. calcartfer. Isolates isolated from 0. mossambicus and C. chanos exhibited high cellulase and amylase activity. Study indicated a distinct microbial source of the digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and cellulase) apart from endogenous sources in fish gut.
Changes in the Serum Enzymes of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes) Treated With Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Das B. K. , Pattanaik P. , Mishra B. K. , Murjani G. , Dey R. K.
Published: November 2023

No Abstract
Rearing of Rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.) in Bamboo Frame Polyhouse Pond in Winter Season
Authors: Mohapatra B. C. , Sharma K. K. , Sarkar B. , Mallick A. , Patnaik P. , Majhi D.
Published: November 2023

Rohu, Labeo rohita was reared in polyhouse and open-air experimental ponds at CIFA farm complex, Bhubaneswar during 2nd December, 2007 to 10th March, 2008. The even span bamboo framed structure (12 x 8 m) with central height 2.7 m and lateral height 1.5 m was erected over one pond of 10 x 6 m and over it 250 micron LDPE sheet was spread to give greenhouse effect in pond. The monitored water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, free carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrite and total alkalinity were found to be similar in both the control and polyhouse ponds, and were in acceptable range for the fish culture. However nitrate and plankton were recorded more in polyhouse pond water than the control during experimentation. The mean growth of rohu was 76.67 g over the initial of 75.83 g and percentage increment was 101.11 in polyhouse pond during the rearing period. In open-air pond the growth was 28.33 g over the initial with percentage increment of 37.15. The study revealed that the plastic covered pond could maintain the water temperature 5.2 - 7.0°C higher over the open-air pond during the winter season.
On-Farm Trial to Study the Efficacy of Formulated Feed For Fingerlings of Labeo rohita in a Monoculture System
Authors: Radheyshyam  , Sarkar S. K. , Sarkar S. , Verma J. P. , Chattopadhyay D. N. , Mukhopadhyay P. K.
Published: November 2023

Four prepared ponds (0.05 ha each) were stocked with rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings (av. wt 12.81 g; av. length 44.9 mm) at 5000/ha. In ponds I ad 2, the fish were fed with formulated feeds I (rice bran 35; groundnut cake 25; roasted soybeanmeal 25; fishmeal 7; sunflower oil 5; cod liver oil 2 and vitamin-mineral premix1 %) and 2 (rice bran 42; groundnut cake 25; roasted soybeanmeal 25; fishmeal 7 and vitamin-mineral premix1 %), respectively, whereas in Pond 3, a conventional feed consisting of 1 : l mixture of rice bran and groundnut cake (Feed 3) was used. Pond 4 served as control with no exogenous feed. The highest growth and survival could be recorded with Feed 1, followed by Feed 2, Feed 3 and control. In the presence of existing natural food in ponds, feed conversion ratios were 1.96, 1.69 and 1.62 for feeds 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The proximate composition of the harvested fish fillets showed that fish on Feed I maintained relatively higher carcass protein than others; the fatty acid profile of fillet lipid also showed a fairly good balance of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids compared to other groups indicating the effectiveness of Feed I over others.
A Note on Artificial Propagation of a Teleost, Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton)
Authors: Gupta S. D. , Reddy P. V. G. K. , Rath S. C. , Dasgupta S. , Sahoo S. K. , Sar U. K.
Published: November 2023

No abstract.
Effect of Feeding Rate on the Growth Performance of Channa punctatus (BLOCH) Requirements for Their Growth Fry, and Protein and Energy Maintenance and Maximum
Authors: Panda S. , Mishra K. , Samantaray K.
Published: November 2023

Effect of feedin g rate on the growth, and protein and energy requirements for maintenance and maximum growth of Channa punctatus fry was studied. Fry' of average weight 0.58 ± 0 . 8 g (mean ±_S.D), in random duplicate groups were fed a diet having 45% crude protein and 432 kcal digestible energy at feeding rates equaling to 5, 6,7,8, 9 and 10% of body weight. The growth and body protein increased linearly up to a feeding level of 40.5 g/(kg BW.d) (r=0.97) and 388.8 kcal energy /(kg BW.d) (r=0.87) i.e. up to a feeding rate of 9% of body weight. Regressing growth rate back to zero weight gain, the protein and energy requirements for maintenance worked out to be 3.03 g protein and 16.44 kcal energy /(kg BW.d). Except moisture, the carcass composition of the fry was found to be affected by varying feeding rates. While no consistent change was observed in body ash content, the body protein content increased linearly with increase in feeding level up to 9% of body weight (40.5 g protein and 388.8 kcal energy/(kg BW.d), but fat content decreased marginally. Regressing protein and energy intake back to zero increase in body protein predicted that 1.75 g protein/(kg BW.d) and 24.07 kcal energy /(kg BW.d) were required to maintain constant body protein.
Changes in the Profiles of Cortisol and Carbohydrates during Osmotic Adjustments in an Air-Breathing Catfish, Clarias batrachus in Higher Salinities
Authors: Parwez I. , Nayyar M. , Sherwani F. A. , Parwez H.
Published: November 2023

The present study on the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus suggests that the ambient salinities have profound effects on carbohydrate metabolism and the corticosteroid, principally the cortisol as evidenced from the changes in the profiles of plasma cortisol and glucose including liver and muscle glycogen contents. Transfer of the catfish to higher salinities reveals a synchronous elevation of plasma glucose and cortisol, though with small lag period, which suggests that cortisol stimulates glucose elevation. Further, the increase in plasma cortisol results in a concomitant decline in the liver glycogen and vice versa suggesting thereby a more pronounced catabolic effect of cortisol.
Massimo Bontempelli e Lirica italiana
Authors: Del Gatto Antonella
Published: November 2023

The essay focuses on the characteristics of the Italian literary anthology Lirica italiana (1943), both within Bompiani’s “Pantheon” series, and against the backdrop of the extremely complex sociopolitical situation and the literary criticism of the time. Editor Massimo Bontempelli’s operation is crucial not only for the cultural and pedagogical function assigned to the anthological genre, but also for his critical vision: by proposing his own lyric canon, Bontempelli problematizes the notion of “classic”, its translatability and transmission. In re-reading works of the past, Bontempelli is both conservative and innovative, yet always bearing in mind contemporary readers amid the hardships of the war: while showcasing his aesthetics, he is also sending them a political message of hope and solidarity.
Emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 NSP10 highlight strong functional conservation of its binding to two non-structural proteins, NSP14 and NSP16
Authors: Wang Huan , Rizvi Syed R A , Dong Danni , Lou Jiaqi , Wang Qian , Sopipong Watanyoo , Su Yufeng , Najar Fares , Agarwal Pratul K , Kozielski Frank , Haider Shozeb
Published: November 2023

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 protects its RNA from being recognized by host immune responses by methylation of its 5’ end, also known as capping. This process is carried out by two enzymes, non-structural protein 16 (NSP16) containing 2’-O-methyltransferase and NSP14 through its N7 methyltransferase activity, which are essential for the replication of the viral genome as well as evading the host’s innate immunity. NSP10 acts as a crucial cofactor and stimulator of NSP14 and NSP16. To further understand the role of NSP10, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of >13 million globally collected whole-genome sequences (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2 obtained from the Global Initiative Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and compared it with the reference genome Wuhan/WIV04/2019 to identify all currently known variants in NSP10. T12I, T102I, and A104V in NSP10 have been identified as the three most frequent variants and characterized using X-ray crystallography, biophysical assays and enhanced sampling simulations. In contrast to other proteins such as spike and NSP6, NSP10 is significantly less prone to mutation due to its crucial role in replication. The functional effects of the variants were examined for their impact on the binding affinity and stability of both NSP14-NSP10 and NSP16-NSP10 complexes. These results highlight the limited changes induced by variant evolution in NSP10 and reflect on the critical roles NSP10 plays during the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. These results also indicate that there is limited capacity for the virus to overcome inhibitors targeting NSP10 via the generation of variants in inhibitor binding pockets.The SARS-CoV-2 proteins have constantly been evolving. These variants assist the virus to survive, adapt and evade the host immune responses. While the main focus has been on structural proteins like Spike, there is very limited structural and functional information on the effects of emerging mutations on other essential non-structural viral proteins. One such protein is NSP10, an essential cofactor for NSP14 and NSP16. This study demonstrates that NSP10 is more resistant to genetic variations than other SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins and that the presence of mutations conserve structural and dynamic changes in NSP10. The effects of naturally occurring mutations reflect the evolutionary relationship between structurally conserved essential cofactors, their function and the role they play in the survival of the virus.
Inhibitory CCK+ basket synapse defects in mouse models of dystroglycanopathy
Authors: Jahncke Jennifer N. , Miller Daniel S. , Krush Milana , Schnell Eric , Wright Kevin M.
Published: November 2023

Dystroglycan (Dag1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that links the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in
Dag1
or the genes required for its glycosylation result in dystroglycanopathy, a type of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by a wide range of phenotypes including muscle weakness, brain defects, and cognitive impairment. We investigated interneuron (IN) development, synaptic function, and associated seizure susceptibility in multiple mouse models that reflect the wide phenotypic range of dystroglycanopathy neuropathology. Mice that model severe dystroglycanopathy due to forebrain deletion of
Dag1
or
Pomt2
, which is required for Dystroglycan glycosylation, show significant impairment of CCK
+
/CB1R
+
IN development. CCK
+
/CB1R
+
IN axons failed to properly target the somatodendritic compartment of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in synaptic defects and increased seizure susceptibility. Mice lacking the intracellular domain of Dystroglycan have milder defects in CCK
+
/CB1R
+
IN axon targeting, but exhibit dramatic changes in inhibitory synaptic function, indicating a critical postsynaptic role of this domain. In contrast, CCK
+
/CB1R
+
IN synaptic function and seizure susceptibility was normal in mice that model mild dystroglycanopathy due to partially reduced Dystroglycan glycosylation. Collectively, these data show that inhibitory synaptic defects and elevated seizure susceptibility are hallmarks of severe dystroglycanopathy, and show that Dystroglycan plays an important role in organizing functional inhibitory synapse assembly.
Pulsed ultrasound promotes secretion of anti-inflammatory extracellular vesicles from skeletal myotubes via elevation of intracellular calcium level
Authors: Yamaguchi Atomu , Maeshige Noriaki , Noguchi Hikari , Yan Jiawei , Ma Xiaoqi , Uemura Mikiko , Su Dongming , Kondo Hiroyo , Sarosiek Kristopher , Fujino Hidemi
Published: November 2023

The regulation of inflammatory responses is an important intervention in biological function and macrophages play an essential role during inflammation. Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and releases various factors which mediate anti-inflammatory/immune modulatory effects. Recently, the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a large variety of cells are reported. In particular, EVs released from skeletal muscle are attracting attention due to their therapeutic effects on dysfunctional organs and tissues. Also, ultrasound (US) promotes release of EVs from skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated the output parameters and mechanisms of US-induced EV release enhancement and the potential of US-treated skeletal muscle-derived EVs in the regulation of inflammatory responses in macrophages. High-intensity US (3.0 W/cm
2
) irradiation increased EV secretion via elevating intracellular Ca
2+
level without negative effects. Moreover, US-induced EVs suppressed expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors in macrophages. miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-206-3p and miR-378a-3p were especially abundant in skeletal myotube-derived EVs. In this study we demonstrated that high-intensity US promotes the release of anti-inflammatory EVs from skeletal myotubes and exert anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages.
Gle1 is required for tRNA to stimulate Dbp5 ATPase activity in vitro and to promote Dbp5 mediated tRNA export in vivo
Authors: Rajan Arvind Arul Nambi , Asada Ryuta , Montpetit Ben
Published: November 2023

Cells must maintain a pool of processed and charged transfer RNAs (tRNA) to sustain translation capacity and efficiency. Numerous parallel pathways support the processing and directional movement of tRNA in and out of the nucleus to meet this cellular demand. Recently, several proteins known to control messenger RNA (mRNA) transport were implicated in tRNA export. The DEAD-box Protein 5, Dbp5, is one such example. In this study, genetic and molecular evidence demonstrates that Dbp5 has a function in pre-tRNA export that is separate from the canonical tRNA export factor Los1.
In vivo
co-immunoprecipitation data further shows Dbp5 is recruited to tRNA independent of Los1, Msn5 (another tRNA export factor), or Mex67 (mRNA export adaptor), which contrasts with Dbp5 recruitment to mRNA that is abolished upon loss of Mex67 function. However, as with mRNA export, overexpression of Dbp5 dominant-negative mutants indicates a functional ATPase cycle and that binding of Dbp5 to Gle1 is required by Dbp5 to direct tRNA export. Biochemical characterization of the Dbp5 catalytic cycle demonstrates the direct interaction of Dbp5 with tRNA (or double stranded RNA) does not activate Dbp5 ATPase activity, rather tRNA acts synergistically with Gle1 to fully activate Dbp5. These data suggest a model where Dbp5 directly binds tRNA to mediate export, which is spatially regulated via Dbp5 ATPase activation at nuclear pore complexes by Gle1.
The white-footed deermouse, an infection-tolerant reservoir for several zoonotic agents, tempers interferon responses to endotoxin in comparison to the mouse and rat
Authors: Milovic Ana , Duong Jonathan V. , Barbour Alan G.
Published: November 2023

The white-footed deermouse
Peromyscus leucopus
, a long-lived rodent, is a key reservoir for agents of several zoonoses, including Lyme disease. While persistently infected, this deermouse is without apparent disability or diminished fitness. For a model for inflammation elicited by various pathogens, the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to compare genome-wide transcription in blood by
P. leucopus
,
Mus musculus
and
Rattus norvegicus
and adjusted for white cell concentrations. Deermice were distinguished from the mice and rats by LPS response profiles consistent with non-classical monocytes and alternatively-activated macrophages. LPS-treated
P. leucopus
, in contrast to mice and rats, also displayed little transcription of interferon-gamma and lower magnitude fold-changes in type 1 interferon-stimulated genes. This was associated with comparatively reduced transcription of endogenous retrovirus sequences and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors in the deermice. The results reveal a mechanism for infection tolerance in this species and perhaps other animal reservoirs for agents of human disease.
Major patterns in the introgression history of Heliconius butterflies
Authors: Thawornwattana Yuttapong , Seixas Fernando A. , Yang Ziheng , Mallet James
Published: November 2023

Gene flow between species is an important evolutionary process that can facilitate adaptation and lead to species diversification. It also makes reconstruction of species relationships difficult. Here, we use the full-likelihood multispecies coalescent (MSC) approach to estimate species phylogeny and major introgression events in
Heliconius
butterflies from whole-genome sequence data. We obtain a robust estimate of species branching order among major clades in the genus, including the “melpomene-silvaniform” group, which shows extensive historical and on-going gene flow. We obtain chromosome-level estimates of key parameters in the species phylogeny, including species divergence times, present-day and ancestral population sizes as well as the direction, timing, and intensity of gene flow. Our analysis leads to a phylogeny with introgression events that differ from those obtained in previous studies. We find that
H. aoede
most likely represents the earliest-branching lineage of the genus and that “silvaniform” species are paraphyletic within the melpomene-silvaniform group. Our phylogeny provides new, parsimonious histories for the origins of key traits in
Heliconius
, including pollen feeding and an inversion involved in wing pattern mimicry. Our results demonstrate the power and feasibility of the full-likelihood MSC approach for estimating species phylogeny and key population parameters despite extensive gene flow. The methods used here should be useful for analysis of other difficult species groups with high rates of introgression.
Experience Shapes Chandelier Cell Function and Structure in the Visual Cortex
Authors: Seignette Koen , Jamann Nora , Papale Paolo , Terra Huub , Porneso Ralph P. O. , de Kraker Leander , van der Togt Chris , van der Aa Maaike , Neering Paul , Ruimschotel Emma , Roelfsema Pieter R. , Montijn Jorrit S. , Self Matthew W. , Kole Maarten H. P. , Levelt Christiaan N.
Published: November 2023

Detailed characterization of interneuron types in primary visual cortex (V1) has greatly contributed to understanding visual perception, yet the role of chandelier cells (ChCs) in visual processing remains poorly characterized. Using viral tracing we found that V1 ChCs predominantly receive monosynaptic input from local layer 5 pyramidal cells and higher-order cortical regions. Two-photon calcium imaging and convolutional neural network modelling revealed that ChCs are visually responsive but weakly selective for stimulus content. In mice running in a virtual tunnel, ChCs respond strongly to events known to elicit arousal, including locomotion and visuomotor mismatch. Repeated exposure of the mice to the virtual tunnel was accompanied by reduced visual responses of ChCs and structural plasticity of ChC boutons and axon initial segment length. Finally, ChCs only weakly inhibited pyramidal cells. These findings suggest that ChCs provide an arousal-related signal to layer 2/3 pyramidal cells that may modulate their activity and/or gate plasticity of their axon initial segments during behaviorally relevant events.
Affinity-tagged SMAD1 and SMAD5 mouse lines reveal transcriptional reprogramming mechanisms during early pregnancy
Authors: Liao Zian , Tang Suni , Nozawa Kaori , Shimada Keisuke , Ikawa Masahito , Monsivais Diana , Matzuk Martin M.
Published: November 2023

Endometrial decidualization, a prerequisite for successful pregnancies, relies on transcriptional reprogramming driven by progesterone receptor (PR) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-SMAD1/SMAD5 signaling pathways. Despite their critical roles in early pregnancy, how these pathways intersect in reprogramming the endometrium into a receptive state remains unclear. To define how SMAD1 and/or SMAD5 integrate BMP signaling in the uterus during early pregnancy, we generated two novel transgenic mouse lines with affinity tags inserted into the endogenous SMAD1 and SMAD5 loci (

Smad1
HA/HA

and

Smad5
PA/PA
)

. By profiling the genome-wide distribution of SMAD1, SMAD5, and PR in the mouse uterus, we demonstrated the unique and shared roles of SMAD1 and SMAD5 during the window of implantation. We also showed the presence of a conserved SMAD1, SMAD5, and PR genomic binding signature in the uterus during early pregnancy. To functionally characterize the translational aspects of our findings, we demonstrated that SMAD1/5 knockdown in human endometrial stromal cells suppressed expressions of canonical decidual markers (
IGFBP1, PRL, FOXO1)
and PR-responsive genes (
RORB
,
KLF15)
. Here, our studies provide novel tools to study BMP signaling pathways and highlight the fundamental roles of SMAD1/5 in mediating both BMP signaling pathways and the transcriptional response to progesterone (P4) during early pregnancy.
Dynamics of transcriptional programs and chromatin accessibility in mouse spermatogonial cells from early postnatal to adult life
Authors: Lazar-Contes Irina , Arzate-Mejia Rodrigo G , Tanwar Deepak K , Steg Leonard C , Uzel Kerem , Feudjio Olivier Ulrich , Crespo Marion , Germain Pierre-Luc , Mansuy Isabelle M
Published: November 2023

In mammals, spermatogonial cells (SPGs) are undifferentiated male germ cells in testis that are quiescent until birth and then self-renew and differentiate to produce spermatogenic cells and functional sperm from early postnatal life throughout adulthood. The transcriptome of SPGs is highly dynamic and timely regulated during postnatal development. We examined if such dynamics involves changes in chromatin organization by profiling the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility of SPGs from early postnatal stages to adulthood in mice using deep RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and computational deconvolution analyses. By integrating transcriptomic and epigenomic features, we show that SPGs undergo massive chromatin remodeling during postnatal development that partially correlates with distinct gene expression profiles and transcription factors (TF) motif enrichment. We identify genomic regions with significantly different chromatin accessibility in adult SPGs that are marked by histone modifications associated with enhancers and promoters. Some of the regions with increased accessibility correspond to transposable element subtypes enriched in multiple TFs motifs and close to differentially expressed genes. Our results underscore the dynamics of chromatin organization in developing germ cells and complement existing datasets on SPGs by providing maps of the regulatory genome at high resolution from the same cell populations at early postnatal, late postnatal and adult stages collected from single individuals.
Dynamics of transcriptional programs and chromatin accessibility in mouse spermatogonial cells from early postnatal to adult life
Authors: Lazar-Contes Irina , Tanwar Deepak K. , Arzate-Mejia Rodrigo G. , Steg Leonard C. , Feudjio Olivier Ulrich , Crespo Marion , Germain Pierre-Luc , Mansuy Isabelle M.
Published: November 2023

In mammals, spermatogonial cells (SCs) are undifferentiated male germ cells in testis quiescent until birth that self-renew and differentiate to produce spermatogenic cells and functional sperm across life. The transcriptome of SCs is highly dynamic and timely regulated during postnatal development. We examined if such dynamics involves changes in chromatin organization by profiling the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in SCs from early postnatal stages to adulthood in mice using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq. By integrating transcriptomic and epigenomic features, we show that SCs undergo massive chromatin remodeling during postnatal development that correlates with distinct gene expression profiles and transcription factors (TF) motif enrichment. We identify genomic regions with significantly different chromatin accessibility in adult SCs that are marked by histone modifications associated with enhancers and promoters. Some of the regions with increased accessibility correspond to transposable element subtypes enriched in multiple TFs motifs and close to differentially expressed genes. Our results underscore the dynamics of chromatin organization in developing germ cells and the involvement of the regulatory genome.
FBXO24 modulates mRNA alternative splicing and MIWI degradation and is required for normal sperm formation and male fertility
Authors: Li Zhiming , Liu Xingping , Zhang Yan , Li Yuanyuan , Zhou Liquan , Yuan Shuiqiao
Published: November 2023

Spermiogenesis is a critical, post-meiotic phase of male gametogenesis, in which the proper gene expression is essential for sperm maturation. However, the underFlying molecular mechanism that controls mRNA expression in the round spermatids remains elusive. Here, we identify that FBXO24, an orphan F-box protein, is highly expressed in the testis of humans and mice and interacts with the splicing factors (SRSF2, SRSF3, and SRSF9) to modulate the gene alternative splicing in the round spermatids. Genetic mutation of FBXO24 in mice causes many abnormal splicing events in round spermatids, thus affecting a large number of critical genes related to sperm formation that were dysregulated. Further molecular and phenotypical analyses revealed that FBXO24 deficiency results in aberrant histone retention, incomplete axonemes, oversized chromatoid body, and abnormal mitochondrial coiling along sperm flagella, ultimately leading to male sterility. In addition, we discovered that FBXO24 interacts with MIWI and SCF subunits and mediates the degradation of MIWI via K48-linked polyubiquitination. Furthermore, we show that FBXO24 depletion could lead to aberrant piRNA production in testes, which suggests FBXO24 is required for normal piRNA counts. Collectively, these data demonstrate that FBXO24 is essential for sperm formation by regulating mRNA alternative splicing and MIWI degradation during spermiogenesis.
Defective mesenchymal Bmpr1a-mediated BMP signaling causes congenital pulmonary cysts
Authors: Luo Yongfeng , Cao Ke , Chiu Joanne , Chen Hui , Wang Hong-Jun , Thornton Matthew E. , Grubbs Brendan H. , Kolb Martin , Parmacek Michael S. , Mishina Yuji , Shi Wei
Published: November 2023

Abnormal lung development can cause congenital pulmonary cysts, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. Although the cystic lesions are believed to result directly from disrupted airway epithelial cell growth, the extent to which developmental defects in lung mesenchymal cells contribute to abnormal airway epithelial cell growth and subsequent cystic lesions has not been thoroughly examined. In the present study, we dissected the roles of BMP receptor 1a (Bmpr1a)-mediated BMP signaling in lung mesenchyme during prenatal lung development and discovered that abrogation of mesenchymal
Bmpr1a
disrupted normal lung branching morphogenesis, leading to the formation of prenatal pulmonary cystic lesions. Severe deficiency of airway smooth muscle cells and subepithelial elastin fibers were found in the cystic airways of the mesenchymal
Bmpr1a
knockout lungs. In addition, ectopic mesenchymal expression of BMP ligands and airway epithelial perturbation of the Sox2-Sox9 proximal-distal axis were detected in the mesenchymal
Bmpr1a
knockout lungs. However, deletion of Smad1/5, two major BMP signaling downstream effectors, from the lung mesenchyme did not phenocopy the cystic abnormalities observed in the mesenchymal
Bmpr1a
knockout lungs, suggesting that a Smad-independent mechanism contributes to prenatal pulmonary cystic lesions. These findings reveal for the first time the role of mesenchymal BMP signaling in lung development and a potential pathogenic mechanism underlying congenital pulmonary cysts.
Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in all non-mammals
Authors: Billman Zachary P. , Kovacs Stephen B. , Wei Bo , Kang Kidong , Cissé Ousmane H. , Miao Edward A.
Published: November 2023

Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing programmed lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA. Here, we perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the gasdermin family and focus on the first gene amplification event that gave rise to mammal
GSDMA-D
by studying GSDMA in non-mammal species including amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Remarkably, GSDMA in numerous bird species contains the canonical caspase-1 cleavage site YVAD in the linker. We show that GSDMA from birds, amphibians, and reptiles are all cleaved by caspase-1. Thus, GSDMA was originally cleaved by the host-encoded protease caspase-1. In mammals the caspase-1 cleavage site in GSDMA is disrupted; instead, a new protein, GSDMD, is the target of caspase-1. Mammal caspase-1 uses exosite interactions with the GSDMD C-terminal domain to confer the specificity of this interaction, whereas we show that bird caspase-1 uses a stereotypical tetrapeptide sequence to confer specificity for bird GSDMA. Our results reveal an evolutionarily stable association between caspase-1 and the gasdermin family, albeit a shifting one. Caspase-1 repeatedly changes its target gasdermin over evolutionary time at speciation junctures, initially cleaving GSDME in fish, then GSDMA in amphibians/reptiles/birds, and finally GSDMD in mammals.We demonstrate that amphibians, reptiles and birds engage pyroptosis using caspase-1 and GS-DMA, filling an evolutionary gap in which caspase-1 cleaves GSDME in fish and GSDMD in mammals.
Values behind Metaphors
Authors: Vainik Ene , Paulsen Geda
Published: November 2023

This study is a values-driven approach to figures of speech, depicting language and its standardisation. We explore a discourse about the modernisation of linguistic norms that took place in Estonian public media in 2020–2022 and reached the point of being labelled a crisis. The debate took place mostly in the form of opinion-writing texts, expressing the writers’ subjective perspectives. During the discussions, two parties with different outlooks on language and language planning issues emerged, representing the dichotomy of liberal and conservative value models. The focus of the study is on the interplay between values and patterns of figurative thought, as metaphors were extensively used to strengthen the arguments of both sides. The analysis, based on the theoretical-methodological means of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Figurative Framing, Metaphor Scenario Analysis, Systemic Functional Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis, revealed that the opposing parties favoured certain metaphors when depicting language. As a side issue, we also address the dynamics of power relations through the language crisis discourse.
The prevalence and common risk indicators of root caries and oral health service utilization pattern among adults, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Weixing , Zhu Tianer , Zhang Denghui
Published: November 2023

Background

Root caries is a prevalent oral health concern among adults, yet there remains a need for a comprehensive understanding of its occurrence and associated risk indicators. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of root caries and to determine significantly associated indicators with it among adults.

Methods

The residents aged 35–74 years old were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in which dental examination were taken and structured questionnaires were collected in Zhejiang Province, China. All data were recorded in an electronic system and analyzed.

Results

The prevalence of decayed and filled root caries in 1,076 respondents was 31.9%. Elder age, greater attachment loss, and exposed root surface were associated with higher odds of incidence for decayed/filled roots and decayed roots. In the last 12 months, 27.4% of adults with decayed or filled roots and 23.2% of others utilized oral health services. Carious adults who had a very poor/poor oral health status were 2.905 times likely to report dental visits. People with sound roots who were female (OR = 2.103, P < 0.001), perceived their oral health status as moderate (OR = 1.802, P = 0.015), or poor/very poor (OR = 4.103, P < 0.001) were more likely to visit a dentist in the past 12 months.

Conclusions

Age, attachment loss and root exposure were most significantly associated with the prevalence of root caries. Individuals who recognize their poor or very poor oral health status should feel encouraged to make use of oral health services.
Tensile Characteristics of Rubber Material of Firefighting Supplies According to Test Piece Shape
Authors: Kim Jong-Sang , Han Yong-Taek
Published: November 2023

Currently, rubber materials are widely utilized in firefighting supplies. They are utilized as rubber packing, such as air respirators, rubber bands, such as pipe windows, and rubber packing, such as fire extinguishers. EPDM initially utilized the rubber packing material, but because of aging and curing, it is difficult to maintain air tightness in the cracked gap; therefore, it has been replaced with NBR and utilized until now. In addition, among the material's physical properties, tensile properties are required, and the form usually adopted as a tensile test specimen is generally an aging form. However, rubber utilized in firefighting supplies employs rubber packing or rubber ring products. Currently, tensile tests are conducted by manufacturing a sample as a dumbbell from a separately manufactured sample without conducting a tensile test with a rubber ring-type specimen. Furthermore, questions often arise about the tensile properties of rubber rings. Therefore, this study tested the tensile properties with a ring-shaped specimen. In KS M ISO 37, it is generally known that an annular-type test piece is desirable for tensile strength measurement. An annular-type test piece has a lower value than an annular-type test piece, and an annular test piece with an elongation rate is almost the same value as an annular-type test piece. Therefore, the test was conducted to find the difference between the test piece as a dumbbell and the actual ring-shaped specimen. As a result of the tensile test, the tensile strength was found to be lower in the range of 11.8-15.5% in the ring-shaped test piece than in the age-shaped test piece, and the elongation rate was lower in the range of 4.1-40.1% than in the age-shaped test piece. This is thought to be because the stress of the stretched high-ring-shaped specimen is not equal to the cross-sectional area of the specimen. However, the tensile property value of the rubber material was satisfied with both types of test pieces with the reference value required for approval.
Risk-informed Emergency Response Training for Backdraft in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Kim Mihyun , Kim Wonkook , Kim Hongki , Kim Jungman , Yoon Sunhong , Choi Jangwon , Kim Heemoon
Published: November 2023

Research has been conducted for developing fire evacuation and response training programs for nuclear power plant (NPP) application. Among numerous fire scenarios that may occur in an NPP environment, three different points of origin for a fire were selected for the program based on a risk-informed approach: switchgear room, main control room, and safety injection pump room. Fire outcomes were predicted for these scenarios via numerical modeling and the results were incorporated into the newly developed fire evacuation and response training program for the APR1400, Korea’s next-generation NPP model. The switchgear room fire scenario was found to have the most potential for backdraft to occur during manual fire response following automatic gaseous fire suppression system activation. The emergency response manual does discuss this possible backdraft occurrence; however, the guidance to avoid injuries is qualitative, such as to be cautious of backdrafts and wait a sufficient amount of time after opening a door before entering the. In this study, backdraft phenomenon that may occur from a switchgear room fire was numerically examined using the recent version of the Fire Dynamics Simulator to develop an appropriate timeline to be implemented in the fire evacuation and response training program. Based on the findings, the following guidance is provided: (1) backdraft can only occur when the fire originates in the space near the door; (2) wait at least 10 minutes after opening the door before entering the room; (3) watch for rapid smoke production, as this may be an antecedent phenomenon of backdraft; and (4) when smoke production increases rapidly, leave the room as soon as possible to avoid being caught within the deflagrating flames from a backdraft.
Apropiación cultural del patrimonio indígena selk’nam
Authors:   , Araya Fuentes Beatriz Macarena
Published: November 2023

Actualmente, podemos observar una tendencia importante al gusto por las culturas indígenas y su patrimonio. Esto lo podemos ver en el uso que se le da en palabras y símbolos de restaurantes, actividades educativas, objetos o souvenires. Según Young, no todas esas apropiaciones son negativas, y se observa que otorgan nuevos significados y realidades, pero, sabiendo que esas características provienen de un grupo en específico: ¿A quién le pertenece esos elementos y prácticas culturales? El caso de la cultura Selk’nam es particularmente interesante debido a la amplitud del fenómeno de apropiación, como también debido al proceso de reaparición de personas que dicen serlo, agrupación representada por la Corporación Selk’nam Chile que se enfrenta a la idea instalada de su extinción como también al fenómeno de apropiación de una cultura indígena, que, como la mayoría, ha sido históricamente excluida.