bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Continued Fraction Encoding and Labeling Scheme for Dynamic XML Data
Authors: Jiang Yi , Zhang Hong Bo , Lin Fan
Published: February 2011

We present a new efficient XML encoding and labeling scheme for dynamic XML document called CFE (Continued Fraction-based Encoding) which labels nodes with continued fractions in this paper. CFE has three important properties which form the foundations of this paper. The experimental results show that CFE provides fairly reasonable XML query processing performance while completely avoiding re-labeling for updates.
Contactless Measurement of the Strain in Microcantilever Based on Position Sensitive Detector
Authors: Pan Hai Bin , Yu Lian He , Cheng Guang Gui , Fan Hui Juan
Published: February 2011

We report on a novel method for measurement of the strain in microcantilever, and a contactless measurement system for strain in microcantilever is designed and implemented based on position sensitive detector (PSD) using optical lever method. To verify the validity and accuracy of the results from measurement, a finite element model of the uniform strength microcantilever has been developed to simulate mechanical behavior in microcantilever based on finite element method (FEM). The results show that results obtained from FEM and measurement based on PSD show excellent agreement. This work has provided a novel and more effective method for measurement of the strain in microcantilever.
Evolutionary Algorithm with PID Control System for Central Air-Conditioning Energy Saving
Authors: Lin Fan , Zeng Wen Hua , Jiang Yi , Liang Qi
Published: February 2011

Central air-conditioning energy saving under the control of the process of multi-parameter is a typical time-varying systems and nonlinear complex systems. In this paper, we analyzed and studied the process-oriented control system for central air-conditioning energy saving algorithm and architecture, and used evolutionary algorithm and PID control strategy to improve the existing control system. The new system makes the control system to achieve better function control and energy saving.
A Fast Mode Decision Algorithm from MPEG-2 to H.264 Transcoding
Authors: Xiang Jian Hua , Li Jun Li , Lou Yang , Jiang Gang Yi
Published: February 2011

In order to reduce the complexity of MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding, an efficient fast mode decision algorithm is proposed. We apply machine learning principles by building a decision tree (the relationship between the information gathered during the MPEG-2 decoding stage and the H.264 coding modes of MBs) enabling the development of very low complexity transcoding mechanism. The decision tree is used to determine the coding modes of the P-frames MBs of the output H.264 encoded video sequences. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can dramatically reduce the transcoding time, with high quality and high coding efficiency of image.
Accurate 3D Tool Swept Volume Generation Method for 5-Axis NC Machining Simulation
Authors: Shao Zhi Xiang , Guo Rui Feng , Li Jie , Peng Jian Jun
Published: February 2011

Presented in this article is a new accurate tool swept volume generation algorithm based on a generalized cutter for five-axis NC simulation and verification. Based on the surface envelope theory and the differential geometry, using analytical method, the strict deduction process of critical curve equation and swept envelope equation for generalized cutter are given. The motion feature of the cutter in five-axis machining is analyzed and the moving frame is established; Then, the detailed solving method of the cutter’s velocity is presented. Further, the accurate swept volume expression method and generation algorithm for generalized cutter are achieved. At last, the correctness and efficiency of the algorithm is verified by a fillet-end cutter’s experimental result.
Control Hopf Bifurcations Based on Center Manifold
Authors: Zhu Geng Jun , Xiao Yun Shi , Cai Xiu Shan
Published: February 2011

The stabilization problem of nonlinear systems with Hopf bifurcations is studied in this paper. The link between a feedback law and a center manifold is obtained. By choosing a feedback law that stabilizes the dynamics of a center manifold, then it can stabilize the full order system. The simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.
The Prediction of the Earthquake Trend in Taiwan and Sichuan Region Based on the Neutral Network Model and Seismic Change Rate
Authors: Li Wei , Huang Shao Ying , Qiu Jian Feng , Wang Xing Chang
Published: February 2011

We recently proposed a technique able to analyze the trend of the seismic activity by combining neural network model and seismic factors. In this paper, a variation of seismicity was introduced to reflect the corresponding vary of the frequency of earthquake. This variation was used as the precursor of future moderate earthquake. The time intervals of earthquake will be obtained through training the neural network. Then we judge the occurrence of strong earthquakes according to the time intervals. Finally, some statistical researches were made by using the method for the earthquake catalog in Sichuan and Taiwan in China. Through this above, we verify the validity of this method and state the general steps of this method.
A New Feeding Device of Electrospinning Design for the Micro-Structure of Bone Scaffold Prototyping
Authors: Wang Qiang Gao , Liu Yuan Yuan , Liu Da Li , Jing Chang Juan , Hu Qing Xi
Published: February 2011

In order to solve the problem that bone cells can not adhere to the pore wall, the paper introduces a new method that combines RP method with electrostatic spinning method is used for the preparation of a comprehensive new bone scaffold technology, and pays close attention on the automatic control of process parameters, the feeding speed. According to the model of feed speed and the diameter of nano-fibers, a theoretical guidance is given to the real-time control of feed speed, and a new feeding device, including the configuration software iFIX, a microcontroller, a sensor and stepping motor, is presented. It can give a real-time effective control of the feed speed, which provides a theoretical and technological basis for the quality of scaffolds prototyping.
Effect of Fiber Surface Treatment on Interfacial Mechano-Electric Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Jiang Cui Xiang , Li Rui , Mo Ji Yun , Zhong Dong Wang
Published: February 2011

The effect of carbon fiber surface treatment on interfacial mechano-electric properties of carbon fiber reinforced concrete is studied by single fiber pull-out testing. As-received carbon fiber is with poor surface polarity, and the fiber-matrix interface bonding strength is low. Surface treatment of the carbon fiber improves both the interfacial bonding strength and the interfacial ductility. The interfacial bonding force and interfacial resistance increased linearly with increasing displacement until the fiber-matrix debonding was completed. The superior interfacial mechanical properties can help improve the strain-sensing ability relates to the better repeatability and reliability. But the sensitivity decreases to some extent.
Design an Optimizing Cooperative Particle Swarm Application
Authors: Su Ching Long , Su Yann Yean
Published: February 2011

study seeks to solve the optimization problem of different engineering designs by using nonlinear mixed integer programming mode. In the past, this type of engineering design optimization problem has been widely studied and discussed. They are usually solved through mathematical programming method or heuristics. However, there are more constraints and more constraints that cannot be satisfied. In solving this type of problems, we used a penalty guided cooperative particle swarm optimization to avoid the disadvantage of decreased efficiency from the increase of search spatial dimension and to raise the efficiency. In resolving the problems of five engineering design problems, including system reliability design and machine parts design problem, the data from the study indicate that the solutions from cooperative particle swarm optimization are equal or better than the best-known solutions from past literature. Thus, the results of this study show that cooperative particle swarm optimization is another effective method to find solutions to optimization problems.
The Research of Super-Heavy CNC Machine Accuracy Reliability Based on Multi-Body Kinematics
Authors: Hu Zhan Qi , Xie Ya Fei , Liu Jin Chao
Published: February 2011

In order to solve the key technical problem in maintenance and repairing of heavy CNC machine tools, the concept of precision reliability and its forecasting module are proposed. The method is especially used for researching of reliability of heavy machine tools of which the samples are not enough for statistical methods. Firstly, spatial error module is established for a type of super heavy mill &boring machine tool based on multy-body kinematics. Then, the effect of wearing amount of kinematic pair of machine tools on machining precision is researched. Therefore forecasting modules for maintenance period and premature wearing of heavy CNC machine tools are built up. The method proposed can be used in calculating for maintenance period of heavy machine tools, analyzing for source of machining errors, and optimal design for total life of CNC machine tools. It can also be used in research of reliability for similar product of single piece or small batch.
State of Charge (SOC) Estimation of Ni-MH Battery Based on Least Square Support Vector Machines
Authors: Wu Xuan , Mi Lin , Tan Wei , Qin Jia Lei , Zhao Meng Na
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a new method to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of Ni-MH battery pack in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The proposed method establishes the relationship of the SOC to the battery’s voltage, current and temperature by using least square support vector machines (LS-SVM). According to the nonlinear characteristics of a battery pack system, the nonlinear SVM with polynomial kernel are developed for the estimation of the SOC with LS-SVM algorithm. To be more efficient in application, this method is also simplified in this paper. The results have conformed that the proposed method is able to estimate the SOC of Ni-MH battery with high accuracy and noise tolerating ability.
The Smart Three-Phase Electric Meter Based on ENC28J60 and MSP430F149
Authors: Zhou Wen Hua , Chen Xiao Long
Published: February 2011

The electric meter is a direct tool by which power enterprise charges for electricity Tariff. This paper describes software and hardware designs of MSP430F149 SCM as the core control processor and smart remote transmission three-phase electric meter with the use of power collection special chip CS5460A to complete power measurement. This instrument integrates data monitoring and measurement of the power with LCD. And it can realize the functions of data remote transmission through communication connection between ENC28J60 chip and main controller and easily of real-time monitoring, data collection, system monitoring. This electric meter has some advantages such as powerful function, low cost, strong disturb-resistant ability, etc. and can meet the management requirement of the electricity energy intelligence, which is one of the main development trend in the future. This smart power data collection system will get a good application in the power industry informatization process .
Multi-Objective Forecast Track Based on Kalman-Camshift Algorithm
Authors: Qu Ju Bao , Qu Chao Ran , Wang Shu Juan
Published: February 2011

In carries on the multi-objective movement track, because often the goal covers, factors and so on merge, separation to cause the track defeat. Proposed with the dynamic background modeling technology and the RGB three channel chromatic aberration law gain target complex group, then uses the Kalman filter forecast movement goal initial parameter, uses the improvement the Camshift algorithm to iterate gradually again approaches each goal exact location, has realized to the multi-objective auto-adapted tracks. The massive experiments indicated that this algorithm robustness is good, auto-adapted ability.
Preparation and Characterization of Organic Modified Sepiolite Sorbent by Microwave Radiation
Authors: Ma Song Jiang , Wu Nian Fen , Li Fang Wen , Yang Juan , Fu Mei Ling , Jia Hai Wu , Xiao Jing
Published: February 2011

Based on the pretreatment including acidification, purification and sodium ion exchange, the crude sepiolite was modified by microwave radiation-wet process and CTAB as modifier. The orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the modification process. Then the crude sepiolite and modified sepiolite were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TG-DSC and BET. The results showed that the optimum modification process parameters included CTAB dosage (1.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC)), microwave radiation time (4 minutes), ethanol concentration (50%/V:V) and radiation power (800W). Compared with crude sepiolite, oil removal rate from steel rolling wastewater increased from 41.34% to 96.78% with modified sepiolite prepared at the best process. Characteristic peaks of organic functional groups, enlarged interlayer distance (0.007nm larger than crude sepiolite), enhanced hydrophobicity, amplified specific surface area (104.4m2/g) and mesopore volume had been received from above characterization methods after modification. All of the above had proved that CTAB was successfully grafted onto sepiolite.
Simulation Research on Phase Change Materials Using in Floor Heating
Authors: Qiu Lin , Huang Li , Zou Yue
Published: February 2011

Analysis the action and function of phase change material (PCM) in building energy storage, and numerical simulation the heat storage and heat release process of heating floor filled PCM packed module by using the FLUENT software, discussion and analysis the relation of temperature distribution with energy storage and discharge time, the effects of PCM in transfer heat, stabilizing temperature changes rate and adjust floor surface temperature in energy storage floor heating are provided.
The Identification of TP Chromatic Aberration by Using Nearly Equivalent NN Model
Authors: Huang Chih Chien , Huang Du Jou , Chen Yu Ju , Wang Shu Ming T. , Hwang Rey Chue
Published: February 2011

This paper presents the chromatic aberration identification of touch panel (TP) decoration film by using nearly equivalent neural network (NN) model. This model is expected to adequately catch the complex relationship between the chromatic aberration and its possible influencing factors during the evaporation process of TP decoration film. Then, an intelligent estimator for the chromatic aberration of TP film could be developed automatically. Based on this estimator, the technician could set the control parameters of evaporation process in advance and make the quality of chromatic aberration of TP could meet the customer’s required.
An Efficient Contact Analysis for Roller Chain
Authors: Hu Sheng Hai , Guo Bin , Deng Kun Xiu , Xu Peng
Published: February 2011

A main reason that leads to the complex dynamic behaviors of roller chain is the impact during engagement. In this paper, a contact analysis methodology is proposed to study the complex dynamic behaviors of roller chain efficiently. Considering the actual tooth profile, a detection algorithm of roller-sprocket contact was presented. Multi-body dynamics was used to analyze the contact kinematics relationships for purpose of simulating the impact between roller and sprocket precisely. Based on Hertz contact theory, a non-linear contact model of roller-sprocket is developed. Introducing the model to the numerical simulation of a roller chain system, the results validate the effectiveness of the model.
Research on Micro Gear Design for WEDM
Authors: Ye Tie Li , Hu Ke Wei , An Lu Ling
Published: February 2011

WEDM (Wire Electrical Discharge Machining) is an effective method for machining micro gears. In this paper, aiming at WEDM characteristics, the gear design method is discussed. Based on gear meshing theory, the gear tooth profiles are generated. Mesh interference and wire path for WEDM algorithms are presented. Micro gear CAD/CAM software is developed whose functions include gear modeling, interference judgment and wire path generation. Finally a pair of micro gears is manufactured to verify the work in this paper. With the above method, the constraints on some gear parameters can be eliminated and the micro gear design is made more flexible.
The Design of Carton Samplemaker’s Embedded Numerical Control System Based on Windows CE
Authors: Liu Jian Qun , Xu Dong , Wu Ji Rong , Li Xiao , Huang Jian
Published: February 2011

In this paper, a new embedded numerical control (ENC) system for carton samplemaker based on Windows CE is presented. The hardware design of ENC system based on ARM9 processor S3C2440A and motion control chip MCX314As is discussed principally. Besides, the device driver of MCX314As is developed by using stream interface driver model under Windows CE operating system. Furthermore, the software structure of the ENC system is introduced, and the way how to utilize multi-thread technology to realize the real-time control of the carton samplemaker is also discussed in detail. The system is proved to be good at dealing with multiple tasks processing, real-time and reliability of motion control.
Synthesis and Characterization of SAR/SiO2 Hybrid Materials with High Thermal Stability
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Jia , Wang Can Feng , Huang Fa Rong , Du Lei
Published: February 2011

A silicon-containing arylacetylene resin, poly[(dimethylsilyl)eneethynylene phenyleneethynylene] with methoxy silyl terminal group (abbreviated MSAR) was synthesized. The resin and tetraethoxysilane (abbreviated TEOS) were used to prepare silicon-containing arylacetylene resin (abbreviated SAR) /SiO2 hybrid materials by a sol-gel method. Both the curing process of the xerogel and thermal properties of the hybrid materials were studied by FT-IR, DSC and TGA. The thermogravimetric analysis of the hybrid materials showed that Td5 (temperature of 5% weight loss) was 696°C and char yield was 92.1% at 800°C in nitrogen. A Si-C-O ceramic residue was obtained in high yield(86.8%) by sintering up to 1450°C in nitrogen.
Analysis of Dynamic Response of Mine Rescue Chamber under Axial Impact Load
Authors: Song Ming , Ge Shi Rong , Fang Hai Feng
Published: February 2011

In order to research the problem of rescue chamber colliding with the tunnel wall. The theoretical model of rescue chamber has been formed, based on the principle of energy conservation, by using theories of plates and shells, large deformed plate and shell, and by analysis of dynamic response of mine rescue chamber under axial impact load. This model includes initial velocity, contact force deformation energy and shell deformation. Dytran software was applied to build the finite element model of the rescue chamber contacting the rigid plate. Through comparison emulation result and theoretical analysis result, this model is proved to be highly reliable. The theoretical calculation and the simulation indicated that there were obvious relationships among the ability of the mine rescue chamber under axial impact load with the thickness, depth of flat spherical shells. If the thickness or depth increases, then the chamber could stand more. It is also confirmed that increasing the depth of flat spherical shells can minish the impact force for making impact process abate, which provides a basis for the research of rescue chamber.
The Design of VIS for Henan Institute of Engineering
Authors: Fu Xiao Fang
Published: February 2011

Since its establishment, Henan Institute of Engineering (HNIE) has not systemically given integral image designing. With the advent of the Information Age, the institute urgently needs to provide the integral visual vision, Based on the existing logo of HNIE, we design Visual Identity System including fundamental part and applied part, so as to integrate and unify the image of the institute.
A Study on the Living Environment Design of Low-Carbon Urban Communities
Authors: Fang Mao Qing
Published: February 2011

The "low-carbon" concept has won support from many countries once it was raised. Based on the study of the low-carbon urban communities, this paper gives an introduction to the current problems in designing living environment in China, as well as the design principles of people's living environment in ecological, economical, cultural and artistic aspects. By giving examples and analysis on design examples home and abroad, this paper also elaborates on the future development of the design of people's living environment.
Radial Electromagnetic Force Wave Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Ma Cong Gan , Zuo Shu Guang , He Rong , He Lv Chang
Published: February 2011

In this paper, Radial Electromagnetic Force Wave, which causes the magnetic noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor used in the electric vehicles of the Shanghai Expo, is studied by programming with ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). The magnetic properties such as magnetic induction, magnetic field, magnetic flux density between the stator and the rotor are researched at no load and three-phase voltage load. Then all of the data is combined with Maxwell’s equations to calculate the space distribution and time distribution of radial electromagnetic force wave. Finally, it is made a main conclusion that main frequencies of radial electromagnetic force wave at the 3-phase voltage load are 200*k Hz (k=1, 2, 3…) and the corresponding levels are 3*k (k=1, 2, 3…).What’s more, it is also concluded that the radial electromagnetic force wave gain at Level 9 and 600 Hz reaches the peak.
Node Importance Assessment of Traffic Complex Network Based on C-Means Clustering
Authors: Wang Li , Wei Lu , Zhang Yong Zhong , Li Zheng Xi
Published: February 2011

Hub nodes of urban traffic complex network are very important for region traffic signal control. Traditionally, region traffic signal control system like SCOOT/SCATS use traffic flow, vehicle queue and distance between junctions as reference in sub-control-area selection practice, in which process engineers’ experience should play importance roles. In this paper, node degree, node betweeness and high peak hour traffic flow are selected as indexes for traffic network node importance assessment. Moreover, C-Means clustering is applied to analysis which junction could be act as a hub node for regional traffic control. To test the effectiveness of this method, urban network around Chang’an Street in Beijing including almost fifty nodes, China is used as trail field. Data result shows Changchunjie, FuyoujieNankou and Hepingmen junction have high clustering characteristics when clustering number are 3, 4 and 5. And the clustering center shows very similar prosperities with real hub node in practice. In conclusion, the multi-index and clustering analysis could provide theoretical support for urban traffic complex network hub node assessment.
Development of Processing Maps for DC Cast Modified and Unmodified Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys
Authors: He Ke Zhun , Yu Fu Xiao , Zhao Da Zhi , Zuo Liang
Published: February 2011

The hot deformation behavior of DC cast phosphorous modified and unmodified hypereutectic Al-Si alloys was studied in the temperature range of 400-500 °C and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s-1. Processing maps were developed to evaluate the efficiency of the hot deformation and to identify the instability region. The results show that the peak stresses of the unmodified alloy are higher than that of the modified alloy at the strain rate of 1 s-1 and temperatures of 400 and 440 °C. The maximum power dissipation efficiencies for both the alloys are in the region of T=480-500 °C and =0.01-0.1 s-1. The flow instabilities for both the alloys occur in regions of high strain rate about 1 s-1 and temperature about 400 and 500 °C. The instability region area of the unmodified alloy is larger than that of the modified alloy. In addition, the primary Si cracking frequencies of the unmodified alloy are higher than that of the modified alloy when compared at the same deformation rate and temperature. The coarser primary Si particles of the unmodified alloy cause higher stress concentration around them when deformed at low temperature and high strain rate.
The Influence of Preheating on Automated Fiber Placement Speed
Authors: Li Yue Hua , Fu Hong Ya , Shao Zhong Xi
Published: February 2011

The influence of preheating adopted and preheating unadopted on manufacturing speed during the automated fiber placement process has been analyzed. According to Fourier heat equation and assuming the towpreg with uniform material properties, a heat transfer model of towpreg has been established. The boundary conditions and initial conditions of this model at different stages have been given based on energy exchange principle. The research chooses thermoplastic composite APC-2(carbon/PEEK) as the towpreg material and utilizes the finite element method to investigate the temperature history of the fiber placement process. Since fiber placement speed is related with the response time of temperature, it can be obtained by the temperature history. Finally, the results demonstrate preheating can significantly improve the fiber placement speed.
The Adsorption Properties of Cu and Ni on the Ceria(111) Surface
Authors: Lu Zhan Sheng , Yang Zong Xian , Hermansson Kersti
Published: February 2011

First-principles electronic structures calculations of the adsorption properties of Cu and Ni on the ceria(111) surface are presented. The adatoms (Cu, Ni) are adsorbed strongly at the hollow site on the CeO2(111) support. Metal induced gap states (MIGS) appear in the O2p-Ce4f gaps and the Cu and Ni adatoms are oxidized to Cu+ and Ni+ mainly by their next nearest neighbor Ce ion, which experiences a conversion of Ce4+→Ce3+. The bonding mechanisms for the Cu-ceria(111) and Ni-ceria(111) systems are proposed.
A Study of Logo Design for Products Marketed Online Using Computer Graphing Software
Authors: Lin Rui Lin
Published: February 2011

The purpose of this study is to help the Digital Opportunity Center (DOC) located in Chushang, Central Taiwan. With the concept of social service network, using the design principles of knowledge innovation, combining the information technology advantage of computer graphing software, the teacher and students from the Department of Commercial Design of a technology university were commissioned to perform logo design for the products from the Digital Opportunity Center, so that with the integration of local resources, the local culture and features could be developed to give life to the traditional industries with new styles.
An Improved Routing Algorithm in Intermittently Connected Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Qi Lie , Pan Ying Jun , Yan Hui Feng , Li Xin , Zhu Meng Wei
Published: February 2011

This paper analyzes the principle and performance of routing algorithm in intermittently connected sensor networks, and proposes an enhanced routing algorithm, which is named Transmission Probabilities Routing (TPR).TPR chooses the next-hop node to forward packets according to the forward-probability, which is calculated by contact-frequency and contact-duration. Simulation results indicate that TPR can obviously improve the performance of networks, compared to PROPHET and Epidemic.
Unequal Deformation Characteristics of In-Plane Roll-Bending of Strip with Considering Spread Effects
Authors: Li Zhi Jun , Yang He , Li Heng , Gu Rui Jie
Published: February 2011

The spread contributes to the material flow significantly in the in-plane roll-bending of strip and affects the forming precision of the process. To realize precision forming, the unequal deformation characteristics considering spread effects are addressed by employing finite element simulation. The results show that: (1) the rolling pressure is nonuniformly distributed along the ring width with the maximum value occurs near but not at the outer rim of the formed ring part; (2) there is a spreading region near the outer rim, and the spread becomes larger with an increase in average reduction; (3) the nonlinear elongation of the strip along the width direction induces the inner radius to vary at a quadratic law with increasing average reduction. The inner radius reaches a minimum value of 34.1mm with an average reduction of 25.2%.
Kinematic Analysis and Simulation of the Translational Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Xu Dong Tao , Sun Zhi Li , Shi Jia Lian
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a novel, precision, maneuverable, 3-DOF translational parallel mechanism. The mechanism’s important feature is that all of the kinematic joints are the revolute joints. The paper derives the mechanism’s kinematic forward solution and inverse solution by using of coordinate transformation elimination method and vector method, and establishes proper kinematic modeling. Kinematic simulation is carried out by ADAMS virtual prototyping software. The operating data is obtained, it verifies the correctness of solving the forward and inverse solution, and solve the question of choices for many results during the theoretical solution. This technique can provide a useful tool in the design of kinematic trajectory of the parallel mechanism’s end-effector and the kinematic analysis of other parallel mechanism.
Biosorption of C. I. Reactive Red 2 by Immobilized Fungal Biomass
Authors: Zhang Li Fang , Wang Min
Published: February 2011

The biosorption of C. I. Reactive Red, from aqueous solutions by calcium alginate immobilized Penicilium sp. biomass was studied in a batch system. The effects of solution initial pH, temperature, NaCl concentration and initial dye concentration on dye biosorption were investigated. In batch experiments, the dye removal efficiency decreased with increase in solution pH, and the maximum dye biosorption of immobilized biomass was 93.20% at pH 2. In the contrary, the percentage of dye removal was increased in the dye biosorption with the increasing temperature in studied temperature. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to experimental equilibrium data and the Langmuir model better described the equilibrium dye uptake than the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum dye uptake was obtained as 120.48mg/g. The results indicate that the immobilized Penicilium sp. biomass can be used as an effective biosorbent to removal C. I. Reactive Red from aqueous solution.
The Creep Behaviour of Extruded Mg-5Li-3Al-1.5Zn-2RE Alloy
Authors: Li Ting Qu , Liu Yong Bing , Cao Zhan Yi , Cheng Li Ren , Jiang Dong Mei
Published: February 2011

The Mg-5Li-3Al-1.5Zn-2RE (LaPrCe) alloy was prepared by hot-chamber extrusion process after casting. The alloy consists of α-Mg solid solution and intermetallic phases (Al11RE3 phase and Al2RE phase). The microstructural analysis of the alloy reveals the correlation between microstructure and creep properties. The stress exponent of n varies from 4.25 to 6.23, and the activation energy varies from 104 to 134 kJ/mol. There is a transition between dislocations climb dominated creep mechanism and dislocation creep controlled by non-basal planes slip. Tensile creep tests were combined with detailed transmission electron microscopy in order to characterize the Al11RE3 phase, which had thermal stability at 448K during the creep test. The dislocations pinned and cross-slip dislocations were observed.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Lost Foam Casting AZ91D Alloy Produced with Mechanical Vibration
Authors: Li Ji Qiang , Fan Zi Tian , Dong Xuan Pu , Liu Wen , Li Xianyi
Published: February 2011

Mechanical vibration was introduced into the solidification in order to overcome the defects of coarse microstructure and low mechanical properties of the AZ91D magnesium alloy via lost foam casting（LFC）. The microstructure with fine uniform dendrite grains were achieved with mechanical vibration, which was mainly attributed to the cavitation and the melts flow induced by the mechanical vibration. The mechanical vibration has strong influence on the mechanical properties of AZ91D alloy. With application of mechanical vibration, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the AZ91D alloy increase 23% and 26%, resepectively.
Isomerization of α-Pinene Catalyzed by Polyaniline with Different Morphologies
Authors: Jia Qing Ming , Shan Shao Yun , Jiang Li Hong , Wang Ya Ming
Published: February 2011

Polyaniline with different morphologies doped by sulfuric acid were prepared using rapid mixture method. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that morphologies of polyaniline can be changed from unequal particles to nanowires with increasing the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium peroxydisulfate. The isomerization of -pinene were regarded as the goal reactions to study the effects of morphologies of polyaniline on the catalytic activities. The results proved that morphologies of polyaniline have a little effect on selectivity, but obviously affect the conversion rate of -pinene. The polyaniline nanowires hold the best catalytic activity among polyaniline with the three kinds of morphologies. The thermal behaviour of PANI was also investigated in detail by using a dynamic rate mode of thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) in inert atmosphere, and the results show that the polyaniline wires have good thermal stability.
Simulation of Temperature Field in Selective Laser Sintering on PA6/Cu Composite Powders
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li De Ying , Qiu Bin , Zhao Long Zhi
Published: February 2011

The 3D transient finite element model in selective laser sintering is established based on ANSYS. The load of moving heat source at different time and locations are achieved by APDL and “element birth/death” technique, and the influence of convection, radiation, latent heat of phase change and thermal physical properties on temperature are taken into account. The temperature field distribution on time in forming process and temperature gradient distributions of pool cross-section are selectively studied, to provide theoretical basis for reasonable process parameters. The SLS experiment on PA6/Cu composite powders is carried out to verify the accuracy of simulation results.
Effect of Mg-Nd Master Alloys on Ignition-Proof Performance of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zhao Wen Min , Zhao Yang , Wang Zhi Feng , Li Yong Yan , Ding Jian , Xue Hai Tao
Published: February 2011

This paper studied the effect of Mg-Nd alloys on the ignition-proof performance of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The results showed that 0.5%Nd decreased the ignition point of alloy for about 20°C, but the ignition point could been multiplied with the adding of Nd element. When the content of Nd reached 5%, the ignition point increased about 40°C compared with AZ91D alloy. The ignition point reduced after the addition of 0.5%Nd can be attributed to the decrease of the solidus temperature and liquidus temperature. The further analysis indicated Nd and Al formed Al3Nd first, which consumed the content of Nd, so that the alloy didn’t have enough Nd to form Nd2O3 to protecting the alloy. The EDS analysis indicated when the addition of Nd reached 5%, competent Nd2O3 could be formed and compact oxide film which consisted of Nd2O3, MgO and Al2O3 was formed to prevent alloys from oxidation and combustion.
Experimental Study on Effects of Steel Fiber Volume on Mechanical Properties of SFRC
Authors: Mansour Farnoud Rahimi , Parniani Sasan , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal
Published: February 2011

In recent years, considerable interest has developed in using fibers to increase the load-carrying capacity of concrete members. Fibers significantly reduce the brittleness of concrete and improve its engineering properties, such as tensile, flexural, impact resistance, fatigue, load bearing capacity after cracking and toughness. However, studies on the exact amount of influence are very limited. Among fibers, steel fibers are one of the most popular and widely used types of fibers in both research and practice. Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) has been used increasingly in recent years and has a lot of applications. Previous researchers have mentioned that using fiber as 0.5 – 2.5 % of the volume of concrete can significantly improve the concrete properties. The purpose of this paper is firstly to investigate the effects of fiber volume on the compressive, splitting, and flexural behaviors of SFRC, and secondly to compare modes of failure. Variable items are the steel fiber volume fraction and the curing day. A series of 108 specimens (cube, cylinder and prism) with four different steel fiber volumes are used by a ratio of 0, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5%. All specimens are cured in a water tank for 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively to provide same conditions. Hooked-ended steel fibers with a length of 30mm and a diameter of 0.75 mm are used.
Effect of CeO2 on the Electrical Properties of Ta2O5-Doped TiO2 Capacitor-Varistor Ceramics
Authors: Wang Tian Guo , Qin Qun , Zhang Wen Jun
Published: February 2011

TiO2 varistors doped with 0.1 mol% Ta and different concentrations of CeO2 were obtained by ceramic sintering processing at 1400 °C. The effect of CeO2 on the nonlinear electrical behavior and dielectric properties of the Ta2O5-doped TiO2 ceramics were investigated. The nonlinear current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics of TiO2 are examined when doped with small quantities (0.1-0.9 mol%) of CeO2. It is found that CeO2 affects the electrical properties and the dielectric properties of the TiO2-based varistors. The samples have the nonlinear coefficients (α) values of (3.0-5.0), breakdown voltages (10-30 V/mm) and ultrahigh dielectric constants which is up to 105. A small quantities of CeO2 can improve the nonlinear properties of the samples significantly. It was found that an optimal doping composition of 99.4 mol% TiO2 - 0.1 mol% Ta2O5 - 0.30 mol% CeO2 was obtained with low breakdown voltage of 14.2 V/mm, high nonlinear constant of 4.5 , an ultrahigh electrical permittivity of 8.381.22×105 (measured at 1 kHz) and low tanδ of 0.32, which is consistent with the highest grain boundary barriers of the ceramics. The theory of defects in the crystal lattice was introduced to explain the nonlinear electrical behavior of the CeO2-doped TiO2-based varistor ceramics.
Synthesis and Phase Transformation of Calcium Phosphate Prepared from Chicken Eggshells and Ammonium Phosphate
Authors: Pankaew Piyapong , Hoonnivathana Ekachai , Limsuwan Pichet , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai
Published: February 2011

Material that shows hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate phases is called biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). In present work, biphasic calcium phosphate was prepared and characterized for future applications on the utilization of bioactivity of HAp and resorbability of β-TCP properties. It was simply synthesized by precipitation method using eggshell as the calcium source (Ca) in the form of calcium nitrate and ammonium phosphate as the phosphate source (P) to obtain biphasic calcium phosphate. The prepared BCP powders and crystal structure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinements and Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) techniques. The results indicate that BCP was observed at the calcining temperature of 800 oC and above. Furthermore, the crystallinity of BCP increases with increasing temperature from 800 - 1200 oC. The phase fraction of β-TCP is enhanced with pH of a solution from 8.6-10.6 and decrease with the temperature range of 800 - 1200 oC. The formation of BCP arises from its non-stoichiometric composition of materials such as variation of synthesis parameters.
Preparation and Characterization of Tellurium Nano-Particles by Long Pulsed Laser Ablation
Authors: Phae-Ngam Wuttichai , Kosalathip Voravit , Kumpeerapun T. , Limsuwan Pichet , Dauscher A.
Published: February 2011

A long pulsed laser ablation with a moving target at high speed technique was applied to prepare tellurium nanoparticles from a tellurium target under argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of the moving speed of the target on the size, morphology and crystallographic structure of the nanoparticles was investigeated. The results show that for the target moving at high speed without burning of the target the production of isolated nanoparticles is obtained. The diameter of the nanoparticles is ranging from 30 to 200 nm.
Synthesis, Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Honeycomb Supported Pt-Pd-Rh Composite Catalyst for the Decomposition of Gaseous Ammonia to Nitrogen
Authors: Hung Chang Mao
Published: February 2011

The behavior of the ammonia (NH3) oxidation was by selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) over a honeycomb supported Pt-Pd-Rh composite catalyst in a tubular fixed-bed flow quartz reactor (TFBR) at 673 K. A honeycomb Pt-Pd-Rh composite catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with aqueous solutions of H2PtCl6, Pd(NO3)3 and Rh(NO3)3 that were coated on cordierite cellular ceramic materials. The catalysts surface properties were characterized using OM. The experimental results show that contaminants crystal aggregation phases and washcoat loss from high initial concentration of NH3 may be responsible for the deactivation of the catalysts. In addition, the catalytic redox behavior was determined by cyclic voltammetric (CV), which showed that the catalytic behavior is related to the metal oxide properties of the catalyst.
Photocatalytic Activity against Penicillium Expansum of Ag-Doped TiO2/SnO2/SiO2
Authors: Yaithongkum Jularat , Kooptarnond Kalayanee , Sikong Lek , Kantachote Duangporn
Published: February 2011

The effect of 0.1-1 mol%Ag doping on crystallite size, morphology, photocatalytic and fungal growth suppression activities of TiO2/SnO2/SiO2 nano-composite powders were investigated. The powder was synthesized by sol-gel method and studied for physicochemical properties by XRD, spectrometric techniques, FTIR, SEM, EDX and BET. The anatase structure was formed after calcination at 500oC. Photocatalytic activities towards Penicillium expansum growth suppression correlated to the amount of sliver doped in TiO2/SnO2/SiO2 nano-composite powder under ultraviolet radiation. Ag 1.0mol% doped in TiO2/SiO2/SnO2 composite has a significant effect on antifungal behaviour. It could completely kill Penicillium expansum within one day of photacatalytic treatment under UV irradiation.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Textures of Hot-Extruded Ni47Ti44Nb9 Shape Memory Alloy Tubes
Authors: Yan Ying , Jin Wei , Li Xiao Wu
Published: February 2011

Microstructures and textures of the hot forged bar and hot-extruded tubes of Ni47Ti44Nb9 alloy as well as influence of heat treatment on them were studied in order to obtain a desired preferred orientation along the tube radial direction. The results show that B2 phase in hot-extruded tubes has a fine fibred shape and the main texture components are close to γ-fibre. Many fine recrystallized grains are formed for tubes heat treated at 600°C and γ-fibre is enhanced, which is beneficial to improving shape memory performances along the tube radial direction. Grain growth occurs at 850°C, and strong texture components deviate from γ-fibre.
Cathodic Protection Performance of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ga-Mn Sacrificial Anode
Authors: Huang Yan Bin , Song Gao Wei , Ding Hua Dong , Liu Xue Bin , Shao Xin Hai
Published: February 2011

The solubility and cathodic protection performance of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ga-Mn sacrificial anode in natural corrosion and self-discharge experiment was studied using electrochemistry impedance spectrum technology, weight-loss measurement and SEM. The results show that the corrosion rate of 7A52 was decreased under the protection of sacrificial anodes in the self-discharge experiment, and sacrificial anodes dissolved uniformity due to the effect of active location, the corrosion products are easy to shed. Only location corrosion occurs on the sacrificial anode’s surface which is influenced by corrosion products and oxide film in natural corrosion experiment.
Fracture and Deformation of Extended-Chain Crystals in Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)/Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate Blends Crystallized at High Pressure
Authors: Lu Jun , Tian Jiao Jiao , Zhang Dao Peng , Huang Rui
Published: February 2011

With a combination of three-dimensional crystal ordering and long-chain molecular orientational ordering, the extended-chain crystals of polymers are ideal system for the studies on low-dimensional physics, and have potential applications as functional components. In this study, poly (ethylene terephthalate) / bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PET/BAPC) blend samples were prepared with solid phase forming technique under high pressure, and extended-chain single crystals with large c-axis thickness were formed within a relative short time. The fracture and deformation behaviors of the grownup crystals were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Morphological observation showed that most of the extended-chain crystals were endowed with perfect appearance after the sample fracture. However, there were still a few crystals fractured apart, along or perpendicularly to their c-axis direction, or with cohesive fracture surfaces. Fractured spherulites with extended-chain lamellae as substructures were also disclosed in extended-chain crystals with AFM. Furthermore, the parallel lamellae deformed and changed their striation direction during the crystal growth, as was observed on a kind of extended-chain crystals grown in a PET oligomer and BAPC blend (PETO/BAPC). This study may be instructive to the improvement of the separation technique of such single crystals, so as to hasten their real applications.
Research on the Properties of Rheology of Ni/TiO2 Group ER Fluid
Authors: Tan Suo Kui , Song Xiao Ping , Qiao Li , Guo Hong Yan , Ji Song , Zhao Hong
Published: February 2011

By means of mechanical properties test，the relationship among shear ratio, concentration and electric field, magnetic field ,electromagnetic field on the Ni/TiO2 group electrorheological fluid properties have been analyzed. It is found that with increasing shear ratio，the property of electrorheological fluid increased for same composition ER, but there is a critical value. With increasing concentration，the property of electrorheological fluid increased for same shear ratio. Coupling electromagnetic field makes the properties improve.
Fuzzy Logic Predictive Model of Tool Wear in End Milling Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Azmi A.I. , Lin Richard , Bhattacharyya Debes
Published: February 2011

This paper presents development of tool wear prediction models in end milling of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. Adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed to accurately predict the amount of tool wear as a function of spindle speed, feed rate and measured machining forces. End milling experiments were performed with K20 tungsten carbide end mill cutter under dry condition in order to gather all experimental data. Results show that ANFIS is capable of estimating tool wear with excellent accuracy in the highly nonlinear region of tool wear and the machining forces relationships. Statistical analyses of the two tool wear-machining force ANFIS models reveal that the tool wear-feed force relationship has better predictive capability compared to that of the tool wear-cutting force relationship.