bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented reality technology in tourism and hospitality research: a review from 2010 to 2024
Authors: Jalilvand Mohammad Reza , Ghasemi Hamed
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Augmented reality (AR) is revolutionizing the tourism and hospitality industry by offering immersive experiences as well as creating more engaging, informative and accessible travel experiences that attract tourists from around the globe. From virtual tours and immersive historical site recreations to navigation assistance and cultural education, AR technology is transforming the way we explore and interact with the destinations. This study aims to identify benefits, risks, tools and techniques of AR in the tourism and hospitality literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a systematic literature review to answer six research questions. The authors also identified 33 primary studies, dated from January 2010 to February 2024 and coded them via a thematic analysis. Related studies were obtained through searching in Web of Science and Scopus.

Findings

The results identified nine themes for benefits, eight themes for risks/disadvantages and four tools and applications-related themes. Through the thematic analysis, the major benefits of AR in the tourism and hospitality were found to be differentiated travel experiences, improved performance of tourism value chain, more effective marketing efforts of tourism businesses, enhanced tourists’ engagement, enhanced performance of tourism destinations, stimulated behavioral intentions, tourist empowerment and providing more value, interactivity and integrity. Furthermore, eight risks were identified: physical, privacy and security, social, service failure, technical, psychological, managerial, information and knowledge gaps. The authors also recognized four tools and applications-related themes, namely, AR-enabled tools, AR applications, AR-enabled apps and AR-based techniques.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review provides the first systematic exploration of the existing literature on usage of AR in the context of tourism and hospitality value chain.
Unlocking data’s potential: navigating the challenges of data-driven innovation for start-ups
Authors: Jøranli Ingvild , Breunig Karl Joachim
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Data-driven innovation is a key pillar for economic development in the 21st century, accordingly the role and value of data in developing new products, services and business models has gained attention. The study aims to identify three important factors explaining the challenges faced by young entrepreneurial firms when seeking to use public data in their business development.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents the user journeys of five data-driven start-ups in the capital region of Norway aiming to use public data in their business development process. Multiple methods for data collection were used, such as interviews, observations and secondary data.

Findings

The study reveals how differences in culture, communication and work methods across stakeholders and sectors affect and delay the process of gaining access to data. Moreover, how various forms of knowledge are expressed differently throughout the user journeys of the start-up firms, with stronger dependency on explicit and codified in early phase, and tacit and experience-based knowledge in later stages, each stage relating to the maturity of the entrepreneurial ecosystem for data-driven innovation. Therefore, the ecosystem for data-driven innovation may be further developed through arenas for collaboration that simplify the process for access to – and use of public data.

Originality/value

The study reveals how young entrepreneurial firms identify opportunities whilst simultaneously facing substantial barriers when they seek to take advantage of publicly available data and transforming them into value creating activities. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of data-driven innovation by exploring the user journeys of start-up firms and identifying the challenges they face when utilizing public data, highlighting the importance of a mature ecosystem, collaboration for market development and the evolving role of tacit and experience-based knowledge throughout the business development process.
Language, disciplinarity and identity: an autoethnography of an international interdisciplinary doctoral student
Authors: Yu Chengyuan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

While higher education has been encouraging interdisciplinary research, few studies have been conducted to understand how interdisciplinarity shapes the identity construction of scholars, especially doctoral students who may already strive to socialize into academia.

Design/methodology/approach

Therefore, this study adopts the approach of autoethnography to analyze my lived experience of developing disciplinary literacy and constructing interdisciplinary identity as a Chinese international doctoral student at a North American university. Communication theory of identity (CTI) is the theoretical framework through which I understand the negotiation among my personal, enacted, relational and communal identities while communicating my research through diverse literacy practices.

Findings

This autoethnography reveals that interdisciplinary doctoral students can flexibly use discursive resources from different disciplines and literacy practices in both English and their first language to dynamically create interdisciplinary identities communicable to different discourse communities. Their identities in different disciplines can develop simultaneously, rather than suppressing one for the development of the other as they do interdisciplinary research.

Originality/value

This study first extends current scholarly discussion of disciplinary literacy to a less-investigated setting, i.e. doctoral education in higher education. Second, it adds an additive and current layer of interdisciplinarity to the existing understanding of international doctoral students’ identity construction. Third, it helps to understand how the development of disciplinary literacy can facilitate disciplinary identity construction and how disciplinary identity construction can facilitate the development of disciplinary literacy.
Intergroup revenge and forgiveness as reactions to negative reciprocity
Authors: Tripathi Rama Charan , Dwivedi Vaibhav , Kumar Rashmi
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand factors that explain the use of revenge and forgiveness by Hindu and Muslim group members in reaction to the rival group’s negative reciprocal behaviour based on norms of negative reciprocity.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants from Hindu (n = 175) and Muslim (n = 134) groups in India were presented with two norm-violating situations. Situation 1 involved an intergroup episode and Situation 2 involved an inter-community episode. Their own group members had engaged in the violation of the norms of the other group to which the rival group members had responded negatively. Participants anticipated the likelihood of their group members using revenge or forgiveness in response to the other group’s negative reaction. These reactions were predicted by religious, political and cultural identities, fraternalistic relative deprivation (FRD), relative power, anger and hate, and perception of the appropriateness of their reaction.

Findings

Social identities predicted intergroup revenge and forgiveness differently for the two groups in the two situations. The stronger religious identity of Muslims, not of Hindus, reduced the likelihood of their using revenge but increased it for forgiveness in both situations. Political identity associated positively with forgiveness in Situation 2 for both groups. Cultural identity predicted the likelihood of Muslims opting for forgiveness in both situations. FRD was not a significant predictor of revenge or forgiveness for Muslims. In the case of Hindus, it reduced the likelihood of their engaging in forgiveness in Situation 2. Relative power associated positively with the likelihood of Muslims, not Hindus, using revenge in both situations. Anger increased the possibility of Hindus reacting in revenge, as well as, forgiveness in the two situations. Anger did not predict revenge for Muslims but it related negatively with forgiveness in the two situations. Stronger hate was associated with revenge for Muslims. The choice of using revenge or forgiveness by own group members was positively predicted by the norms of negative reciprocity for both Hindus and Muslims.

Research limitations/implications

The study used a convenience sample of young people which reduces the generalizability of the findings.

Social implications

The findings of this study have implications for designing interventions for resolving intergroup conflicts in various social settings.

Originality/value

The paper adds to the norm violation theory of intergroup relations by focusing on counter-reactions and the understanding of the dynamics of intergroup conflicts.
Path analysis reveals combined winter climate and pollution effects on the survival of a marine top predator
Authors: Layton‐Matthews Kate , Erikstad Kjell Einar , Sandvik Hanno , Ballesteros Manuel , Hodges Kevin , Mesquita Michel D. S. , Reiertsen Tone K. , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Bustnes Jan Ove
Published: August 2024

Marine ecosystems are experiencing growing pressure from multiple threats caused by human activities, with far‐reaching consequences for marine food webs. Determining the effects of multiple stressors is complex, in part, as they can affect different aspects of biological organisation (behaviour, individual traits and demographic rates). Determining the combined effects of stressors, through different biological pathways, is key to predict the consequences for the viability of populations threatened by global change.

Due to their position in the food chain, top predators such as seabirds are considered more sensitive to environmental changes. Climate change is affecting the prey resources available for seabirds, through bottom‐up effects, while organic pollutants can bioaccumulate in food chains with the greatest impacts on top predators. However, knowledge of their combined effects on population dynamics is scarce.

Using a path analysis, we quantify the effects of climate change and pollution on the survival of adult great black‐backed gulls, both directly and through effects of individuals' body mass.

Warmer ocean temperatures in gulls' winter foraging areas in the North Sea were correlated with higher survival, potentially explained by shifts in prey availability associated with global climate change. We also found support for indirect negative effects of organochlorines, highly toxic pollutants to seabirds, on survival, which acted, in part, through a negative effect on body mass.

The results from this path analysis highlight how, even for such long‐lived species where variance in survival tends to be limited, two stressors still have had a marked influence on adult survival and illustrate the potential of path models to improve predictions of population variability under multiple stressors.
Perceptions of the social status hierarchy and its cultural and economic sources
Authors: BREYER MAGDALENA
Published: August 2024

This paper applies a conjoint experiment to assess the sources of contemporary social status hierarchies in Western Europe. Social status has become a popular concept in political science to explain resentment against economic and cultural transformations. However, we do not know whether cultural sources like race and gender have an independent causal effect on social status perceptions. Furthermore, these characteristics may be more contested between societal subgroups and thus have a weaker stratifying effect than income or occupation. This study employs an innovative conjoint experiment, conducted in Switzerland, to systematically assess the multidimensional sources of status. The design asks respondents to place profiles with randomized criteria and thus captures intersubjective status perceptions. In contrast to evaluating one's own placement on the social status hierarchy, placing others provides more accurate insights about the structural force of social status. The results show that both economic and cultural sources strongly shape social status, with occupation, race/ethnicity and income being most important. Furthermore, different subgroups agree on the hierarchy no matter their own status. This study helps to understand the structural roots of political resentment by showing that both cultural and economic inequalities are recognized.
Comparative study of gastrointestinal tract size in three parent breeds for the production of dual‐purpose organic chickens
Authors: Neuhaus N. , Lierz M. , Möller Palau‐Ribes F.
Published: August 2024

An alternative to culling male hatchlings of layers is breeding dual‐purpose chickens. One breeding objective is the ability to digest low‐quality feed. Certain measurements of the gastrointestinal tract may be useful indicators of this ability. The present study compared the gastrointestinal tract of adult hens of two layer‐type breeds (White Rock (WR), New Hampshire (NH)) and the meat‐type ÖTZ (Ökologische Tierzucht gGmbH) Bresse Gauloise (BR), used for the production of dual‐purpose organic chickens. Flocks had the same housing and feeding conditions. At slaughter at 19 months, the body weight and gastrointestinal organs of 134 hens (51 WR, 55 NH and 28 BR) were measured. The muscle thickness of the proventriculus and ventriculus and the length and width of the duodenum, jejunoileum, caeca and colorectum were measured and variances between the groups were analysed using a one‐factor covariance analysis. Significant differences between the breeds were found in total intestine length and the lengths and/or widths of single gastrointestinal segments. For example NH showed the highest mean total intestinal length and BR showed the lowest mean (NH: 186.73 cm, WR 185.86 cm, BR 157.91 cm; p = 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the gastrointestinal tract size of adult female layer‐ and meat‐type chicken breeds kept under the same feeding and housing conditions. Given the possible relationship between intestinal length parameters and chicken performance, measurement of the gastrointestinal tract may be a simple, quick and inexpensive additional method to help select layer‐, meat‐type and dual‐purpose chickens suitable for organic production when a selection process using genetic markers is not possible.
Editorial: The future of managing drug induced liver injury
Authors: Nicoll Amanda
Published: August 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Conlon et al papers. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18160
Political backlash and consumer boycotts: Evidence from the NFB relocation and movie demand in Canada
Authors: Gil Ricard , Xing Jingyi
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the announcement in 1952 of a change in Canadian cultural policy, namely the reorganization of the National Film Board (NFB) and the move of its headquarters from Ottawa to Montréal, on movie demand. Using weekly box office revenue data for a subsample of movie theatres in Toronto and Montréal from 1945 to 1955, we estimate the impact of this policy change with a triple difference estimator and find that the NFB headquarters move in Canada was followed by a decrease in movie attendance for movies produced in anglophone countries and an increase in movie attendance for French movies in Montréal. We complement our analysis with Odesi public poll Canadian data from 1949 to 1959 and find that poll respondents from Quebec held a more negative opinion about the decisions of the Canadian government and the tide of Americanization, relative to respondents elsewhere, and that their opinion deteriorated further after the relocation announcement and the relocation itself took place. This finding is consistent with our hypothesis that the relocation of NFB headquarters caused political backlash and triggered a boycott against anglophone, especially American, movies in Quebec.
Gender‐specific prognosis models reveal differences in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients between sexes
Authors: Xu Penglei , Liu Yuchun , Wang Junjie , Zhang Anke , Wang Kaikai , Wang Zefeng , Fang Yuanjian , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jianmin
Published: August 2024

Background

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a severe stroke subtype. Our study aims to develop gender‐specific prognostic prediction models derived from distinct prognostic factors observed among different‐gender patients.

Methods

Inclusion comprised SAH‐diagnosed patients from January 2014 to March 2016 in our institution. Collected data encompassed patients' demographics, admission severity, treatments, imaging findings, and complications. Three‐month post‐discharge prognoses were obtained via follow‐ups. Analyses assessed gender‐based differences in patient information. Key factors underwent subgroup analysis, followed by univariate and multivariate analyses to identify gender‐specific prognostic factors and establish/validate gender‐specific prognostic models.

Results

A total of 929 patients, with a median age of 57 (16) years, were analyzed; 372 (40%) were male, and 557 (60%) were female. Differences in age, smoking history, hypertension, aneurysm presence, and treatment interventions existed between genders (p < 0.01), yet no disparity in prognosis was noted. Subgroup analysis explored hypertension history, aneurysm presence, and treatment impact, revealing gender‐specific variations in these factors' influence on the disease. Screening identified independent prognostic factors: age, SEBES score, admission GCS score, and complications for males; and age, admission GCS score, intraventricular hemorrhage, treatment interventions, symptomatic vasospasm, hydrocephalus, delayed cerebral ischemia, and seizures for females. Evaluation and validation of gender‐specific models yielded an AUC of 0.916 (95% CI: 0.878–0.954) for males and 0.914 (95% CI: 0.885–0.944) for females in the ROC curve. Gender‐specific prognostic models didn't significantly differ from the overall population‐based model (model 3) but exhibited robust discriminative ability and clinical utility.

Conclusion

Variations in baseline and treatment‐related factors among genders contribute partly to gender‐based prognosis differences. Independent prognostic factors vary by gender. Gender‐specific prognostic models exhibit favorable prognostic performance.
Trends in toxicological findings in unintentional opioid or stimulant toxicity deaths in Québec, Canada, 2012–2021: Has Québec entered a new era of drug‐related deaths?
Authors: Do Uyen , Perron Paul‐André , Bruneau Julie , Larney Sarah
Published: August 2024

Introduction

We aimed to describe rates and toxicological findings of unintentional opioid and stimulant toxicity deaths, 2012–2021.

Methods

The dataset included accidental deaths determined by the Coroner to be due to opioids or stimulants. We calculated annual crude mortality rates and described combinations of drugs identified in toxicological examinations of these deaths. We described temporal trends in the detection of specific opioids, stimulants, benzodiazepines (including novel benzodiazepines), gabapentinoids and z‐drugs in deaths due to opioids and stimulants.

Results

Mortality rates increased over time, reaching their peak in 2020 and remaining high in 2021. In deaths due to opioids, there was a decline in the proportion of deaths involving pharmaceutical opioids after 2019, and a corresponding increase in the proportion of deaths with fentanyl detected. Benzodiazepines were often present in deaths due to opioids, with novel benzodiazepines increasing rapidly from 2019 onwards. Cocaine was the most frequently detected drug in deaths due to stimulants, but amphetamine/methamphetamine was detected in around half of all stimulant deaths from 2016 onwards.

Discussion and Conclusions

Despite availability of a multitude of overdose prevention interventions, mortality rates due to drug toxicity have increased in Québec. Toxicological findings of these deaths suggest concerning shifts in the illicit drug market, with Québec potentially having entered a new era of elevated overdose mortality. Intervention scale‐up is essential, but unlikely to be sufficient, to reduce drug‐related mortality. Policy reform to address the root causes of drug toxicity deaths, including an unpredictable drug supply, strained health systems and socio‐economic precarity, is essential.
Specific ion effects of H+‐base cation coupling on permanently charged soil aggregation
Authors: Liu Dian , Liu Xinmin , Tian Rui , Zhang Yekun , Feng Bo , Guo Xiaomin , Li Hang
Published: August 2024

The accumulation of excessive H+ can cause soil acidification and then affect the aggregation and dispersion of soil particles through changes in pH as well as electrolyte type and concentration. In this study, dynamic light scattering (DLS) technology was employed to investigate the aggregation kinetics of soil particles in several base cation solutions at different pHs. The results showed that, (1) specific ion effects of base cations were observed in aggregation rates, critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) and activation energies for soil particle aggregation at different pHs; (2) H+ enhanced the aggregation rate, but reduced the CCC values and activation energies of the base cations, and then greatly promoted soil particle aggregation; (3) H+ strongly decreased specific ion effects of base cations on the aggregation rates, CCCs and activation energies for soil particle aggregation. The analyses of those differences related to soil aggregation kinetics in different base cation solutions at different pHs revealed that, the lower the pH, the weaker the electric field strength, and therefore the weaker the polarization of base cations and surface O‐atoms would be. Moreover, H+ reduced the charge density for soil particle aggregation, which was the main source for decreasing the electrostatic repulsive energy for soil particle aggregation at different pHs. The study improves our understanding of soil acidification effects on soil particle aggregation and aggregate stability.
On the Morality of Enjoying Simulated Rape with Robots and by Other Fictional Means
Authors: Young Garry
Published: August 2024

I argue that there is no morally relevant difference, based solely on motivation for enjoyment, between enjoying simulated rape with a sexbot compared to other media. In defence of this claim, I distinguish between two types of enjoyment – enjoyment qua simulation and enjoyment qua substitution – and further claim that each type of enjoyment shares corresponding similarities with either idle or surrogate fantasies. Given this, the enjoyment of one's rape fantasy is, I contend, immoral if one enjoys qua substitution one's surrogate fantasy about (for example) sexualized enslavement and rape, but not if one enjoys qua simulation one's idle fantasy about the same sexualized enslavement and rape. I therefore conclude that whether one's enjoyment is immoral depends on the motivation for the enjoyment and the type of fantasy one creates to procure it (where the motivation for enjoyment and fantasy share the same desire), and not the media used to facilitate one's fantasy and subsequent enjoyment.
Are job characteristics associated with patient (de)humanization through the mediation of health providers’ well‐being?
Authors: Capozza Dora , Colledani Daiana , Falvo Rossella
Published: August 2024

Healthcare professionals tend to assign a lower human status to patients. We hypothesized that two mindsets are responsible for this attribution: burnout (emotional exhaustion) and work engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption in one's work). We predicted that exhaustion is negatively related to patient humanizing perceptions (Hypothesis 1), whereas engagement is positively related to them (Hypothesis 2). In addition, we formulated hypotheses on the relationship between job characteristics and humanity perceptions. Based on the Job Demands‐Resources theory, we predicted that resources (e.g., performance feedback) are positively related to humanizing perceptions being positively linked to work engagement (Hypothesis 3a) and negatively linked to exhaustion (Hypothesis 3b). For demands (e.g., work overload), in contrast, they should be negatively related to humanizing perceptions, being positively linked to exhaustion (Hypothesis 4a) and negatively linked to work engagement (Hypothesis 4b). To test the hypotheses, we conducted an online survey. Participants were physicians and nurses (N = 302); a questionnaire was used. The mediation model was estimated by applying path analysis with observed variables. Findings supported the prediction that reduced humanizing perceptions are associated with care providers’ exhaustion (Hypothesis 1). No association was found between humanity perceptions and work engagement. For job aspects, resources were linked to higher humanizing perceptions through the mediation of lower exhaustion (Hypothesis 3b), whereas demands were linked to lower humanizing perceptions through the mediation of higher exhaustion (Hypothesis 4a). Findings suggest that appropriate manipulations of demands and resources may increase patient humanization and improve the therapeutic relationship.
On fraud and certification of green production
Authors: Arguedas Carmen , Blanco Esther
Published: August 2024

We present a novel model of fraud and certification in green production. We focus on settings where firms decide between a green or a standard version of a product together with an advertising strategy that can include fraud. In addition, green firms can choose to certify their production to guarantee the truthfulness of their claims. This results in four production‐advertising possibilities (standard, genuine green, fraudulent green, and certified green), by which we provide new insights about the prevalence of fraud and certification. We characterize the perfect Bayesian equilibrium of the resulting game for given green production costs, certification costs, and consumers' willingness to pay for standard production, and we perform comparative statics for the main parameters of the resulting game. We find that changes in certification and green production costs affect consumers' beliefs differently, whereby increases in certification and decreases in green production costs can broaden the likelihood of fraud. These novel results are robust to different market structures and question the general desirability of public subsidies for promoting green production without accompanying certification.
New report of the rare Sciadonus alphacrucis Melo et al., 2022 (Teleostei, Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae), DNA barcoding, and range extension in the western South Atlantic
Authors: dos Reis Júnior Marcos Roberto , Caixeta Heloisa De Cia , Oliveira Claudio , Melo Marcelo Roberto Souto de
Published: August 2024

Sciadonus alphacrucis Melo, Gomes, Møller & Nielsen, 2022 is a rare deep‐sea species, previously known from only two specimens collected off São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, in the western South Atlantic. Herein, we report a new specimen of S. alphacrucis collected on the continental slope off Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, thereby extending its known distribution by 420 km. Additionally, we provide the new meristic and morphometric data, the molecular identification using sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), an updated distribution map, and a discussion of troglomorphic traits.
Fusarium graminearum effector FgEC1 targets wheat TaGF14b protein to suppress TaRBOHD‐mediated ROS production and promote infection
Authors: Shang Shengping , He Yuhan , Hu Qianyong , Fang Ying , Cheng Shifeng , Zhang Cui‐Jun
Published: August 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat globally. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between F. graminearum and wheat remain unclear. Here, we identified a secreted effector protein, FgEC1, that is induced during wheat infection and is required for F. graminearum virulence. FgEC1 suppressed flg22‐ and chitin‐induced callose deposition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in Nicotiana benthamiana. FgEC1 directly interacts with TaGF14b, which is upregulated in wheat heads during F. graminearum infection. Overexpression of TaGF14b increases FHB resistance in wheat without compromising yield. TaGF14b interacts with NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (TaRBOHD) and protects it against degradation by the 26S proteasome. FgEC1 inhibited the interaction of TaGF14b with TaRBOHD and promoted TaRBOHD degradation, thereby reducing TaRBOHD‐mediated ROS production. Our findings reveal a novel pathogenic mechanism in which a fungal pathogen acts via an effector to reduce TaRBOHD‐mediated ROS production.
In vivo assembly of bacterial partition condensates on circular supercoiled and linear DNA
Authors: Alaoui Hicham Sekkouri , Quèbre Valentin , Delimi Linda , Rech Jérôme , Debaugny‐Diaz Roxanne , Labourdette Delphine , Campos Manuel , Cornet François , Walter Jean‐Charles , Bouet Jean‐Yves
Published: August 2024

In bacteria, faithful DNA segregation of chromosomes and plasmids is mainly mediated by ParABS systems. These systems, consisting of a ParA ATPase, a DNA binding ParB CTPase, and centromere sites parS, orchestrate the separation of newly replicated DNA copies and their intracellular positioning. Accurate segregation relies on the assembly of a high‐molecular‐weight complex, comprising a few hundreds of ParB dimers nucleated from parS sites. This complex assembles in a multi‐step process and exhibits dynamic liquid‐droplet properties. Despite various proposed models, the complete mechanism for partition complex assembly remains elusive. This study investigates the impact of DNA supercoiling on ParB DNA binding profiles in vivo, using the ParABS system of the plasmid F. We found that variations in DNA supercoiling does not significantly affect any steps in the assembly of the partition complex. Furthermore, physical modeling, leveraging ChIP‐seq data from linear plasmids F, suggests that ParB sliding is restricted to approximately 2 Kbp from parS, highlighting the necessity for additional mechanisms beyond ParB sliding over DNA for concentrating ParB into condensates nucleated at parS. Finally, explicit simulations of a polymer coated with bound ParB suggest a dominant role for ParB‐ParB interactions in DNA compaction within ParB condensates.
Spinoza's theory of attributes
Authors: Salgado Borge Antonio
Published: August 2024

Any account of Spinoza's understanding of attribute must be able to satisfy his definition criterion; that is, it must coherently accommodate the elements involved in his definition of attribute as “what the intellect perceives of a substance as constituting its essence” (E1d4). But this is not enough. There are several available readings that satisfy this criterion and are mutually incompatible. To know what Spinoza means we must supplement his definition criterion with a criterion aiming at consistency with other principles in his system. With the definition and consistency criteria in the backdrop, the aim of this paper is to offer a critical overview of the current state of the debate on Spinoza's theory of attributes.
Comparison of computer‐assisted sperm analysis and smartphone‐applied sperm analysis for evaluation of frozen–thawed bull semen
Authors: Baştan İlktan
Published: August 2024

This study aims to compare the efficacy of computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and smartphone‐applied sperm analysis (SASA) in assessing the quality of frozen–thawed bull semen. A total of 75 straws (n = 75) semen samples were used from different production batches of five Holstein bulls. The semen analyses were conducted in three groups: Group I (CASA‐37°C), semen samples were evaluated using the CASA system at 37°C (n = 25); Group II (SASA‐25°C), semen samples were assessed using the SASA system at a temperature of room heat (25°C) (n = 25); and Group III (SASA‐37°C), semen samples were evaluated using the SASA system at 37°C (n = 25). The frozen–thawed bull semen samples were analysed in terms of total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), immotile, velocity average path (VAP), velocity curve linear (VCL), velocity straight line (VSL) and sperm concentration. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of spermatozoa concentration (p > .05). However, significant differences among the groups were observed for total motile spermatozoa values (p < .001). Values of progressive motile spermatozoa were lower in Group I and Group II compared to Group III (p < .001). The immotile spermatozoa values were significant between the groups (p < .001) and were found to be proportional to total motile spermatozoa values. Additionally, the VAP, VCL and VSL values were comparable between Group II and Group III, but lower when compared to Group I. In conclusion, the results of the study demonstrate that the Sperm Cell™ system can accurately analyse the concentration of frozen–thawed bull semen. The analyses performed at room temperature indicate a parallelism between the PM value and CASA results. However, it is thought that SASA devices require a series of standardization studies in different semen extenders, different sample concentrations and different animal species, analogous to the standardization evolution process of CASA devices in semen analysis.
Low‐dose intravitreal injection of 4 mg preservative‐free gentamicin and superficial lamellar keratectomy combined with modified Gundersen grafts to control chronic heterochromic iridocyclitis and secondary keratitis in horses
Authors: Charnock Lauren N. , McMullen Richard J.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To describe a combined treatment approach for heterochromic iridocyclitis and secondary keratitis (HIK) in horses.

Animal Studied

A total of 15 horses (16 eyes).

Procedures

Sixteen eyes from 15 horses (mean age 14.1 years, range 6–26 years) received low‐dose (4 mg) intravitreal preservative‐free gentamicin injection (IVGI) and modified Gundersen grafts with standing sedation and local anesthesia following a clinical diagnosis of HIK. Additional therapies of suprachoroidal triamcinolone (8 mg) injection, episcleral bromfenac implants, and suprachoroidal cyclosporine implants were performed in individual cases. Leptospira titers were also reported when available.

Results

The most frequent ophthalmic findings were pigmented keratic precipitates (n = 15/16 eyes, 94%), corneal edema (n = 14/16 eyes, 88%), and pigmented cells suspended in the anterior chamber (n = 7/16 eyes, 44%). Postoperative treatment generally consisted of topical and systemic NSAIDs, topical antibiotics, and a topical mydriatic agent. Complications included persistent corneal edema (7/16, 44%), corneal ulceration (6/16, 38%), graft failure requiring revision (2/16, 13%), stromal abscess (1/16, 6%), surgery site infection (1/16, 6%), and suspected retinal degeneration following IVGI (1/16, 6%). One case was enucleated 6 months after treatment (1/16, 6%). Of the 12 eyes with at least 3 months of post‐treatment follow‐up, 10 were comfortable and visual with static or improved symptoms of HIK.

Conclusions

This multimodal treatment approach aims to address both the anterior uveitis and endothelial decompensation frequently seen in horses with HIK. The surgery can be performed under standing sedation. Continued evaluation and long‐term follow‐up is necessary in all horses with HIK.
A new species of Typhlodromips De Leon and a complementary description of T. quaesitus (Wainstein & Beglyarov) (Mesostigmata, Phytoseiidae) from Russia
Authors: Khaustov Vladimir , Döker Ismail , Joharchi Omid , Khaustov Alexander
Published: August 2024

A new species, Typhlodromips coniferaphilus sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on females collected from various conifers in the Altai Republic and Sakhalin Island, Russia. Moreover, a complementary description of T. quaesitus (Wainstein & Beglyarov) is provided based on females and males collected from various angiosperm plants in the Sakhalin Island, Russia.
The interferon γ pathway enhances pluripotency and X-chromosome reactivation in iPSC reprogramming
Authors: Barrero Mercedes , Lazarenkov Aleksey , Blanco Enrique , Palma Luis G. , López-Rubio Anna V. , Bauer Moritz , Bigas Anna , Di Croce Luciano , Sardina José Luis , Payer Bernhard
Published: August 2024

Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires activation of the pluripotency network and resetting of the epigenome by erasing the epigenetic memory of the somatic state. In female mouse cells, a critical epigenetic reprogramming step is the reactivation of the inactive X chromosome. Despite its importance, a systematic understanding of the regulatory networks linking pluripotency and X-reactivation is missing. Here, we reveal important pathways for pluripotency acquisition and X-reactivation using a genome-wide CRISPR screen during neural precursor to iPSC reprogramming. In particular, we discover that activation of the interferon γ (IFNγ) pathway early during reprogramming accelerates pluripotency acquisition and X-reactivation. IFNγ stimulates STAT3 signaling and the pluripotency network and leads to enhanced TET-mediated DNA demethylation, which consequently boosts X-reactivation. We therefore gain a mechanistic understanding of the role of IFNγ in reprogramming and X-reactivation and provide a comprehensive resource of the molecular networks involved in these processes.
KAT2A and KAT2B prevent double-stranded RNA accumulation and interferon signaling to maintain intestinal stem cell renewal
Authors: Nguyen Mai-Uyen , Iqbal Jahangir , Potgieter Sarah , Huang Winston , Pfeffer Julie , Woo Sean , Zhao Caifeng , Lawlor Matthew , Yang Richard , Rizly Rahma , Halstead Angela , Dent Sharon , Sáenz José B. , Zheng Haiyan , Yuan Zuo-Fei , Sidoli Simone , Ellison Christopher E. , P. Verzi Michael
Published: August 2024

Histone acetyltransferases
KAT2A
and
KAT2B
are paralogs highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but their functions are not well understood. In this study, double knockout of murine
Kat2
genes in the intestinal epithelium was lethal, resulting in robust activation of interferon signaling and interferon-associated phenotypes including the loss of intestinal stem cells. Use of pharmacological agents and sterile organoid cultures indicated a cell-intrinsic double-stranded RNA trigger for interferon signaling. Acetyl-proteomics and sequencing of immunoprecipitated double-stranded RNA were used to interrogate the mechanism behind this response, which identified mitochondria-encoded double-stranded RNA as the source of intrinsic interferon signaling.
Kat2a
and
Kat2b
therefore play an essential role in regulating mitochondrial functions and maintaining intestinal health.
Oncogenic transcription factors instruct promoter-enhancer hubs in individual triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Jingru , Zhou Yeqiao , Tzelepis Ilias , Burget Noah G. , Shi Junwei , Faryabi Robert B.
Published: August 2024

Sequencing-based mapping of ensemble pairwise interactions among regulatory elements support the existence of topological assemblies known as promoter-enhancer hubs or cliques in cancer. Yet, prevalence, regulators, and functions of promoter-enhancer hubs in individual cancer cells remain unclear. Here, we systematically integrated functional genomics, transcription factor screening, and optical mapping of promoter-enhancer interactions to identify key promoter-enhancer hubs, examine heterogeneity of their assembly, determine their regulators, and elucidate their role in gene expression control in individual triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Optical mapping of individual
SOX9
and
MYC
alleles revealed the existence of frequent multiway interactions among promoters and enhancers within spatial hubs. Our single-allele studies further demonstrated that lineage-determining SOX9 and signaling-dependent NOTCH1 transcription factors compact
MYC
and
SOX9
hubs. Together, our findings suggest that promoter-enhancer hubs are dynamic and heterogeneous topological assemblies, which are controlled by oncogenic transcription factors and facilitate subtype-restricted gene expression in cancer.
Mobilization of isotopically heavy sulfur during serpentinite subduction
Authors: Schwarzenbach Esther M. , Dragovic Besim , Codillo Emmanuel A. , Streicher Linus , Scicchitano Maria Rosa , Wiechert Uwe , Klein Frieder , Marschall Horst R. , Scambelluri Marco
Published: August 2024

Primitive arc magmas are more oxidized and enriched in sulfur-34 (
34
S) compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts. These findings have been linked to the addition of slab-derived volatiles, particularly sulfate, to arc magmas. However, the oxidation state of sulfur in slab fluids and the mechanisms of sulfur transfer in the slab remain inconclusive. Juxtaposed serpentinite and eclogitic metagabbro from the Voltri Massif (Italy) provide evidence for sulfur mobilization and associated redox processes during infiltration of fluids. Using bulk rock and in situ δ
34
S measurements, combined with thermodynamic calculations, we document the transfer of bisulfide-dominated,
34
S-enriched fluids in equilibrium with serpentinite into adjacent metagabbro. We argue that the process documented in this study is pervasive along the subduction interface and infer that subsequent melting of these reacted slab-mantle interface rocks could produce melts that display the characteristic oxygen fugacity and sulfur isotope signatures of arc magmas worldwide.
AlphaFold accelerated discovery of psychotropic agonists targeting the trace amine–associated receptor 1
Authors: Díaz-Holguín Alejandro , Saarinen Marcus , Vo Duc Duy , Sturchio Andrea , Branzell Niclas , Cabeza de Vaca Israel , Hu Huabin , Mitjavila-Domènech Núria , Lindqvist Annika , Baranczewski Pawel , Millan Mark J. , Yang Yunting , Carlsson Jens , Svenningsson Per
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing protein structure prediction, providing unprecedented opportunities for drug design. To assess the potential impact on ligand discovery, we compared virtual screens using protein structures generated by the AlphaFold machine learning method and traditional homology modeling. More than 16 million compounds were docked to models of the trace amine–associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), a G protein–coupled receptor of unknown structure and target for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. Sets of 30 and 32 highly ranked compounds from the AlphaFold and homology model screens, respectively, were experimentally evaluated. Of these, 25 were TAAR1 agonists with potencies ranging from 12 to 0.03 μM. The AlphaFold screen yielded a more than twofold higher hit rate (60%) than the homology model and discovered the most potent agonists. A TAAR1 agonist with a promising selectivity profile and drug-like properties showed physiological and antipsychotic-like effects in wild-type but not in TAAR1 knockout mice. These results demonstrate that AlphaFold structures can accelerate drug discovery.
Dendritic spine head diameter predicts episodic memory performance in older adults
Authors: Walker Courtney K. , Liu Evan , Greathouse Kelsey M. , Adamson Ashley B. , Wilson Julia P. , Poovey Emily H. , Curtis Kendall A. , Muhammad Hamad M. , Weber Audrey J. , Bennett David A. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Gaiteri Christopher , Herskowitz Jeremy H.
Published: August 2024

Episodic memory in older adults is varied and perceived to rely on numbers of synapses or dendritic spines. We analyzed 2157 neurons among 128 older individuals from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. Analysis of 55,521 individual dendritic spines by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and nested model cross-validation revealed that the dendritic spine head diameter in the temporal cortex, but not the premotor cortex, improved the prediction of episodic memory performance in models containing β amyloid plaque scores, neurofibrillary tangle pathology, and sex. These findings support the emerging hypothesis that, in the temporal cortex, synapse strength is more critical than quantity for memory in old age.
Tracking surface charge dynamics on single nanoparticles
Authors: Dagar Ritika , Zhang Wenbin , Rosenberger Philipp , Linker Thomas M. , Sousa-Castillo Ana , Neuhaus Marcel , Mitra Sambit , Biswas Shubhadeep , Feinberg Alexandra , Summers Adam M. , Nakano Aiichiro , Vashishta Priya , Shimojo Fuyuki , Wu Jian , Vera Cesar Costa , Maier Stefan A. , Cortés Emiliano , Bergues Boris , Kling Matthias F.
Published: August 2024

Surface charges play a fundamental role in physics and chemistry, in particular in shaping the catalytic properties of nanomaterials. However, tracking nanoscale surface charge dynamics remains challenging due to the involved length and time scales. Here, we demonstrate time-resolved access to the nanoscale charge dynamics on dielectric nanoparticles using reaction nanoscopy. We present a four-dimensional visualization of the spatiotemporal evolution of the charge density on individual SiO
2
nanoparticles under strong-field irradiation with femtosecond-nanometer resolution. The initially localized surface charges exhibit a biexponential redistribution over time. Our findings reveal the influence of surface charges on surface molecular bonding through quantum dynamical simulations. We performed semi-classical simulations to uncover the roles of diffusion and charge loss in the surface charge redistribution process. Understanding nanoscale surface charge dynamics and its influence on chemical bonding on a single-nanoparticle level unlocks an increased ability to address global needs in renewable energy and advanced health care.
Supplemental Material: Stratigraphic record of tectonic and climatic impact on orogenic growth: An example from the Hexi Corridor Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Pan Baotian , Zhang Jian , al. et
Published: August 2024

The detailed zircon age and heavy mineral datasets of MH drill core and potential source area samples. Figure S1: Concordia plots for detrital zircons from the MH drill core and strata surrounding the Yumu Shan.