bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of the Diamond Saw Blade Cutting Granite Based on LS-DYNA
Authors: Zhao Min , Lang Xi Ying , Qi Feng Lian , Lei Dong Liang
Published: October 2011

The process of cutting granite material is simulated with using analysis of LS-DYNA finite element. The stress, strain and cutting force of a diamond saw blade are analyzed when cutting granite materials. Then the stress-strain distribution and cutting force curve of the diamond saw blade can be got in the process of cutting granite materials and a conclusion of the change rule of the cutting force is also obtained. When the diamond saw blade just contacts the workpiece, the cutting force rises gradually and after entering the certain cutting depth, the cutting force fluctuates in a very small range. Through the simulation, the theory of FEM model to calculate granite materials cutting force is obtained. By changing the parameters of the diamond saw blades, the influence of all parameters on cutting force of diamond saw blade is analyzed .A diamond saw blade's structure is optimized, when the parameters of saw blades is suitably selected. The processing performance of a diamond saw blade is improved further, and the result has important practical significance to process the granite material.
Preparation of Magnetic Chitosan/Iron (II, III) Oxide Microspheres and Application in Adsorption of Cr (VI)
Authors: Hu Bing , Li Jin Lei
Published: October 2011

In this study,the chitosan (CS) -iron (Ⅱ,Ⅲ) oxide magnetic microspheres were prepared by crosslinking and coprecipitating with carbamide solution as precipitated agent.,and characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR ). The adsorption performance of the magnetic microspheres for remove Cr (VI) from aqueous solution was investigated.The experimental results demonstrated that the optimum of pH,time for adsorption of Cr (VI) was 3.3,120min at 25°C,respectly.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposite Ni-Al2O3 Thin Films by Ultrasonic-Electrodeposition Technology
Authors: Wang Jin Dong , Xia Fa Feng
Published: October 2011

Nanocomposite Ni-Al2O3 thin film containing nanosized Al2O3 particles had been grown on steel substrate by ultrasonic-electrodeposited technology. The optimum technological parameters of nanocomposite Ni-Al2O3 thin films were obtained by experiments and analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis was utilized to detect the crystalline and amorphous characteristics of Ni-Al2O3 thin films. The surface morphology and metallurgical structure were analysed by high resolution transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope. The test results showed that nanocomposite Ni-Al2O3 thin films prepared by proper ultrasonic-electrodeposited method consist of nanometer-sized Al2O3 particles and nickel grains. And the Al2O3 nanoparticles and Ni grains diameters in thin films are about 40nm and 80nm, respectively.
The Design of Smart Home Security Alarm Monitoring Based on Jess
Authors: Gong Yuan Peng , Ding Xiang Qian , Wang Xiao Dong , Yu Meng
Published: October 2011

With the continuous progress and development of society , people's incomes increase greatly, and more attention is paid to improve the safety of their living conditions as well as the reliability of life quality. An expert system of Security Alarm Monitoring for Smart Home filed based on JESS is demonstrated in this paper, according to the tendency development of security market worldwide and the deep-level development of security technology. The security system proposed in the paper is based on the knowledge of Expert System, Embedded Technology and Wireless Sensor Technology.etc. It mainly includes Access Control Subsystem, Steal Precaution Subsystem, Fire alarm subsystem, Gas Leak Subsystem. etc. The expert system based on Jess rules engine is developed by Java. It is able to detect whether the family members and family situation in a safety state according to the various scenes within a family, then make timely reaction to non-security state and take appropriate measures to ensure security at home guided by a set of procedural rules .The effectiveness and feasibility of this system has be proved by the simulation results.
The Identified Method of Accident-Prone Section Based on Principal Component-Gray Clustering Analysis
Authors: Liu Jin Jiang , He Mei , Xu Hong Ke , Wang Qi , Yang Yong Mei
Published: October 2011

In order to study the rapid and efficient identified method of accident-prone section in montane highway, the method of principal component - gray clustering analysis has been proposed. By deep analysis of the characteristics of accident-prone section, the identified indexes of accident-prone section have been screened out, the reducing dimensionality of principal component analysis and incomplete information processing of gray clustering analysis have been organically integrated, and the clustering weight coefficients are creatively determined based on the information content. Based on data investigation and treatment, using the identified method of principal components - gray clustering analysis, the security level of sections is achieved by programming. The results show that this identified method has high precision and convenience in aspects of aggregative indicators selected and clustering value calculated. The identified method can effectively identify the security level of accident-prone section, and divide the section security level into 4-grade. Aiming at the identified results, the security measures are further researched. So the identified method has practical value.
A Network Coding Based Rate Adaptive Protocol for Wireless Mesh Network
Authors: Wang Jia Chen , Fu Min Cang
Published: October 2011

In this paper, TRANC-a transmission rate adaption network coding protocol for wireless mesh network is proposed. We investigate the interaction between network coding and transmission rate adaption in wireless mesh network. Traditional network coding schemes either assume a fixed transmission rate and do not consider the impact of using diverse rates on the performance of the network, which limits the performance of the wireless networks. each node makes the routing decision based on the link quality, making full use of the transmission capacity of idle nodes in the network, which effectively reduces the communication costs between nodes, as well as the probability of packet duplication. Simulations show that TRANC can effectively improve network throughput with a lower end to end delay.
Research on Computer Radiation Security
Authors: Li Ping , Guo Dong Yang , Liu Ying , Li Jun Li , Li He Yan
Published: October 2011

In view of the electromagnetic information leakage of information security implication, the time-frequency characteristics of radiation signal from LCD display with a resolution of 1280×1024 through simulation is analyzed in this paper. The design and measurement of the shielding box is given. A USA military standard testing is made, which shows that the designed shielding box is less than the overall emission of radiation 35 dBμV/m and with a proper increase In protection radius, the amount of its radiation emission can be reduced to 20 dBμV/m or less, lower than the 20 dBμV/m of the ambient noise thus meeting the information security requirements.
An Numeric Method on the Third Order Term of KDV Equation
Authors: Tian Yi Min
Published: October 2011

Numeric scheme and numeric result was in this paper. First, We proposes a kind of explicit - implicit difference scheme to solve the initial and boundary value questions of the third order term of KDV equation here,and so we can solve the problem that the additional boundary values must be given first for present difference schemes when we try to realize the calculation by then., second, numeric experiment results was given ay the end of this article.
Analysis of Factors on Nan Pu Oilfield’s Weak Gel Flooding
Authors: Gu Jian Wei , Wu Mei
Published: October 2011

There are lots of factors effect on weak gel flooding.This paper based on the conceptual model by changing the model parameters and using orthogonal design to analyze the effects of different factors on weak gel flooding. The descending order of influence is slug size, flooding time, oil-water viscosity ratio, permeability range, concentration of polymer, slug combination and polymer-cross linker ratio.
Current Situation Analysis and Strategy Research of Environmental Protection Equipment Industry in China
Authors: Guo Wei , Xu Hong , Yang Tong , Wang Yi
Published: October 2011

In recent years, environmental protection equipment industry has developed rapidly in china, but there are still many problems to be solved. This article discusses the concept and characteristics of environmental protection equipment industry, present situation of environmental protection equipment industry development and factors restrict the development of China's environmental protection equipment industry, in the end, some suggestions will be made for the environmental protection equipment industry.
Experimental Study of the Asphalt Concrete Entrucking Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Hu Yong Biao , Tian Ming Rui
Published: October 2011

The traditional process of asphalt concrete entrucking operation is analyzed, and the machine vision technology is applied to study the method of auto-entrucking. In experiment, the height and the repose angle of asphalt concrete stack in the van are detected through image processing and camera calibration, and their empirical expression is established by regression analysis to describe the variation rules of the repose angle. Also, some principal problems to be solved in the application are simply discussed. Finally, the stacks volume of three typical operating states are calculated, and the experimental results indicate that the relative error do not exceed 8.957%, which show that the proposed method can lay the basis for the model of stack volume and the displacement calculation of the truck further.
Fundamental Tribology Knowledge Serve Modeling and Knowledge Resource Units Construction
Authors: Xi Wen Kui , Yuan Xiao Yang , Jia Qian
Published: October 2011

Knowledge-intensive is a significant feature of the modern service-oriented industrial structure, and knowledge service is a main part of knowledge science. With research practices and accumulations in the field of tribological knowledge acquisition of turbine, automobile engines and other complex mechanical systems, construction of knowledge base and cooperation with enterprises in chain of “University-Industry-Research”, based on the understanding and experience of conceptual contents and features of tribology, knowledge service and resource unit and other concepts in the process of utilization, this paper studied the expression of modeling knowledge in the process of basic tribological knowledge service, construction of knowledge unit based on knowledge base and the driving force of knowledge acquisition and knowledge flow.
A Modified Incremental Support Vector Machine for Regression
Authors: Wang Jian Guo , Cheng Liang Wu , Zhang Wen Xing , Qin Bo
Published: October 2011

support vector machine (SVM) has been shown to exhibit superior predictive power compared to traditional approaches in many studies, such as mechanical equipment monitoring and diagnosis. However, SVM training is very costly in terms of time and memory consumption due to the enormous amounts of training data and the quadratic programming problem. In order to improve SVM training speed and accuracy, we propose a modified incremental support vector machine (MISVM) for regression problems in this paper. The main concepts are that using the distance from the margin vectors which violate the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition to the final decision hyperplane to evaluate the importance of each margin vectors, and the margin vectors whose distance is below the specified value are preserved, the others are eliminated. Then the original SVs and the remaining margin vectors are used to train a new SVM. The proposed MISVM can not only eliminate the unimportant samples such as noise samples, but also preserved the important samples. The effectiveness of the proposed MISVMs is demonstrated with two UCI data sets. These experiments also show that the proposed MISVM is competitive with previously published methods.
Optimal Guidance Law Design for Interception of Ballistic Missiles during the Boost Phase
Authors: Zhou Wei Wen , Liang Xiao Geng
Published: October 2011

An optimal guidance law for interception of ballistic missile during the boost phase is presented in this paper. The kinematics characteristics of tactical missile during its boost phase are analyzed firstly. Then based on the kinematics given and assumption, the relative kinematics equations between target and missile are established. Optimal guidance law via LQ optimization is derived under the specified cost function. The time-to-go estimation method is also given in the paper. In the end of this paper, simulation is executed and the results validate that the deduced guidance law satisfy the direct hit index.
Region Connecting Based Pavement Image Cracks Extraction
Authors: Song Bei Bei , Wei Na
Published: October 2011

The pavement image has three features: the background has similar statistical properties; cracks have less brightness than the background; cracks are connected to linear structure with much bigger area than impurities in the same image. Using these features, we present an algorithm comprising of image segment, breaking region connecting, and acreage comparison to extract pavement crack. Firstly, image segmentation using k-means clustering is implemented, and then the region with the minimum mean gray value is set as the initial extracted crack. The eight-connectivity cracks with small area are excluded to suppress interference and improve detection accuracy rate. Secondly, the minimum distance of every two non-connected crack regions is computed. When the distance is smaller than a given threshold, connect the two regions in the shortest possible path. Finally, morphology method is adopted to extract skeleton. Experimental results testify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in extracting pavement image cracks.
Research of Adaptive Extracting Algorithm Facing Blade Crack Image
Authors: Wen Li Min , Wen Chang Bao , Li Yan Ming
Published: October 2011

RT（X-Radiography Testing） is a very import inspection method for detecting engine blade crack, and the defect is identified by person distinguishing the film for traditional RT. The traditional method is involved in high mistake and missed examining rate and low efficiency. It is great significance to blade integrity and flight safety that the crack can be quickly distinguished. In the paper, adopting a adaptive segmenting algorithm based on OTSU to quickly distinguish the crack on the blade image, and it can definite the threshold facing different gray image, and can reliably inspect the cracks which detection rate was 98%. The recognition accuracy for crack can reach 0.16mm Simulation result verify that the method is very effective on adaptively segmenting the blade image according to the threshold for crack inspection
A New Hybrid Collaborative Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Yin Chun Xia , Peng Qin Ke
Published: October 2011

Considering the inaccuracy of the traditional similarity method in the k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), we put forward a hybrid algorithm crossing the principal components analysis (PCA) and KNN via a fresh hybrid way. The algorithm makes use of differences in the contribution rates of features mined by PCA to build the similarity model of users. The experiment results argue that the fresh hybrid algorithm makes personalized recommendations very effective.
Risk Evaluation Study on Communication Network Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Lan Yun , Liu Sheng Peng , Sun Hai Zhong , Su Ke Yun
Published: October 2011

A risk index system influencing network reliability is built up, based on the overall analysis on the reliability risk factors of communication network. In order to provide theoretical and data foundations for the planning and business management of the whole network, DEMATEL method is applied to obtain main factors influencing network reliability, and then the network reliability risk is quantified by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm.
Scene Retrieval Approach Based Dynamic Bayesian Networks
Authors: Xiao Qin Kun , Hu Xiao Xia , Gao Song
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a new materials image retrieval methodology based on dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is proposed to overcome certain drawbacks inherited in previously proposed CBIR methods. Firstly, the DBN structure and initial parameters is constructed according to the prior knowledge. Secondly, a training phase is conducted for updating DBN parameters through using the feedback information. The training cycles can be stopped until the retrieval accuracy is adequately high. Experimental results on 10,000 images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Streetlight Monitoring System for Energy Saving Based on GSM Network
Authors: Pei Yan Ming , Liu Yun Hong
Published: October 2011

This streetlight monitoring system is aimed at preventing unnecessary energy wastage by applying the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) technology. This system consists of two parts: the monitoring centre and the terminal nodes. The Siemens TC35 GSM module is used to send and receive short messages and it is installed in the monitoring centre and each streetlight. ATmega168 is used to determine whether or not it is necessary for the streetlights to be turned on, and then it executes commands from the control centre. When the sky is bright enough for drivers, the streetlights will automatically turn off. Also, if some streetlights are broken down, the TC35 GSM module will send an alarm short message to the monitoring centre and maintenance personnel will repair the lights as soon as possible. Thus, maintenance personnel will no longer have to make time-consuming visits to check up on the function status of every streetlight. All information is presented in the monitoring computer which is programmed in LabVIEW. The workman can easily turn on or off any streetlight by clicking on the screen.
Study on an Integrated Development Environment for PAC with Complete Intellectual Property
Authors: Yu Ji Quan , Qian Wan Tao , He Xin Gang
Published: October 2011

PAC(programmable automation controller) is a new trend of the industrial controller, but for now, most IDEs(integrated development environment) are still providing the PLC mode for users, which can not take full advantage of the PAC. Further more, in China, there is still not such IDE with complete intellectual properties for PACs designed by Chinese companies. For above purposes, the CHD-PACIDE was implemented which supported the ARM cortex-Mx series microcontrollers. This IDE consists of three layers, interface layer, data management layer and kernel layer, which managed functional modules respectively. Based on a C-like language Engineer C defined by our research team, the interface layer provided the structural graphical input mode and the text input mode for users to edit their code. The data management layer used the XML with specified format manage the flow of data. The kernel layer had two parts which were implemented in the IDE and the debug microcontroller stm8s, this layer can be used to debug user’s code through the Jtag port under the Coresight debugging structure of ARM. This IDE could be updated easily by adding the specific XML file for the new microcontroller used by the specific PAC.
Study on Discreted Fifth-Order CNN Hyper-Chaos Synchronization Reduced Order Observer
Authors: Xu Jie , Chang Juan , Zhang Lian , Sun Yong
Published: October 2011

Secure communication with the hyper-chaos synchronization approach is the popular investigation. In this paper the fifth-order Cellular Neural Networks(CNN) hyper-chaos equation of continuous time was discreted. The innovation was that the synchronization of the hyper-chaos system was realized with the discreted reduced order state observer. Finally, the system stabilizing to zero after fugacious transition and achieving synchronization were validated by simulations, which showed the algorithm’s availability.
Deform Performance of Spring Vibration Isolating Turbine–Generator Foundation under Strong Earthquake Actions
Authors: Qu Tie Jun , Wang Xian Yun , Meng De Ying , An Dong
Published: October 2011

Large turbine–generator foundation can reduce the vibration in an effective way by mounting vibration isolating springs when the equipments are operating. But under strong earthquake actions, the research of seismic behavior is presently limited to theoretical calculation and there are no test results or observation data. In this paper, 1:10 spring vibration isolating foundation model is made to carry out a pseudo–dynamic seismic test. This paper also analyzes the deform distribution of column and spring of turbine–generator foundation under horizontal earthquake actions. The test results show that because of the spring of column top, deform distribution of foundation has changed; column top displacement of each column is different; spring can regulate the internal force of the column and these springs are also able to resist horizontal earthquake action when they are reducing the vibration of the equipments.
Failure Modes of Serially Isolated System under Large Deformation
Authors: Du Yong Feng , Lin Zhi Dan , Zhu Qian Kun
Published: October 2011

This paper investigates the failure modes of serially connected isolation system that the rubber bearing connected with the basement column, under large deformation. Base on Haringx theory and Timoshenko beam modal, the geometrically non-linear equations of serially connected isolation system with one end clamped and the other glided, subjected to a terminal force, are formulated. By using differential quadrature element method (DQEM), the non-linear equations are solved numerically and the configurations of the deformed column are presented. The results show that the large deformation of serially connected isolation system mainly occurred in the rubber bearings. The buckling of rubber bearing is the main failure mode of the serially connected isolated system.
Tower Atmosphere Characteristic of Advection Fog
Authors: Wang Zhao Yu , Wu Bin Gui , Huang He
Published: October 2011

Using the profile data observed by the Tianjin 250m Meteorological Tower, vertical distribution characteristic of meteorological elements in the advection fog on Feb. 13, 2006 has been analyzed. The results show that the meteorological elements distribution of the fog is distinct from known fog structure. The lower atmosphere state gradually became moist unstable which the temperature decreased at wet-adiabatic lapse rate and humidity increased obviously in 250m companied with the process of the low level jet stream. During the fog continuance, there is a temperature inversion layer in the surface layer and double-deck strong inversion structure at upper layer of the tower. The inversion layers disappeared in the surface layer and weaken at upper layer of the tower and humidity decreases rapidly after the fog. In addition, the wind shear is not obvious in horizontal and is remarkable in vertical during the advection fog developing. The fog dissipates from the top down.
A Primary Probe on the County Cultural Facility’s Suitability Indicator System in Eastern Northwest China — Case Analysis on Chengcheng County, Shaaxi Province
Authors: Yang Hui , Huang Ming Hua , Wang Yang , Yu Yang
Published: October 2011

In relation to comprehensive living standard and public interests, urban cultural facility poses major influence on urban life. Compared with urban cultural facility, county cultural facility is the vinculum linking the cultural undertakings between urban and regional area, which requires rational guidance to break through the gap between urban and rural development. This thesis observed the current situation of cultural facility in Chengcheng County of Shaanxi Province, finding that the particularity of county cultural facility development and the inconsistency between supply and demand have exceeded the capacity of present development criterion. The in-depth analysis on Chengcheng County’s cultural facility is based on the influential observation of indicator system, standing on a wider perspective in consideration with resident’s demand, probing the suitable indicator system of cultural facility in Chengcheng County in consistency with the developing feature and trend combing with national standard and developing situation.
Research on Real-Time Estimation of Fatigue Life for Quayside Container Crane
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Xiong
Published: October 2011

Analysis of real-time measuring data of stress points layouted on the quayside container crane, a new technology of real-time fatigue life estimation for quayside container crane is presented in this paper based on the study of feature of crane’s structure and theories of fatigue danmage. This technology can real-time estimate quayside container crane’s total fatigue life and remaining life at any moment in whole process from it put into use to the last scrap stage,the estimation is more credible and more accurate, and it provides a basis for structure maintenance, strengthening and rehabilitation.Compared with traditional structural fatigue life estimation, this new technology reduces downtime, creates greater economic benefits for the enterprise and has great application value.
Trend Prediction of Hydraulic Liquid Leakage Based on ES-LSSVM
Authors: Wu Zhi Yong , Xu Zeng Bing , Gao Ming
Published: October 2011

A novel prediction method which combined evolutionary strategy with least-square support vector machine is presented and applied to the trend prediction of hydraulic liquid leakage in this paper. In order to improve the prediction performance, the evolutionary strategy is employed to optimize the internal parameters of least-square support vector machine. Through the experiment study, the result validated the effectiveness of the prediction method, and it is also demonstrated that the method is able to do the short-term fault prediction for the hydraulic system.
Vibration Carpet Value in Classification and Evaluation of the Motor Condition
Authors: Yin Yin An , Hu Xiong
Published: October 2011

According to the quayside container crane, the pitch angle of the front crossbeam only can be used to classify the states of the whole crane into operating and non-operating. The Vibration Carpet Value (VCV）is presented in this paper. By means of VCV, the motor states including working and non-working can be correctly classified. Based on the classified result, by the methodology of Wavelet Packet Quantization Analysis Technique based on EMD, the real-time monitoring and evaluation of the motor condition are more correct and effective.
Fabrication of ZnO Nanostructures with Self-Cleaning Functionality
Authors: Ying Kok Kuan , Ng Inn Khuan , Saidin Nur Ubaidah , Bustamam Farah Khuwailah Ahmad
Published: October 2011

The science of biomimicry has served as a fusion point between nature and technology where one could adopt nature’s best solution for human’s use. Lotus leaf, for example, possesses self-cleaning capability due to the unique physical and chemical properties of its surface structural features. In this work, we aimed to mimic these features on glass surface using ZnO nanostructures to achieve the self-cleaning functionality. A series of ZnO films were electrochemically deposited on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) conducting glass substrates from different aqueous electrolytes at systematically varied deposition potentials and electrolyte conditions. The surface morphology, density, orientation and aspect ratio of the ZnO micro/nanostructures obtained were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZnO ranging from two dimensional plate-like to one-dimensional needle-like micro/nanostructures were observed. Results from these studies show that lower electrolyte concentrations tend to favor one-dimensional growth of ZnO nanostructures that self-assembled into micron-size flower-like clusters at higher deposition temperatures. The ZnO-modified hierarchical dual-structured surface exhibits superhydrophobic property with water contact angle as high as 170o.
Effect of R.F Power to the Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Md Sin Nor Diyana , Musa M.Z. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: October 2011

The effect of radio frequency (R.F) power to the properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering is presented. This project has been focused on electrical, optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films. The effect of variation R.F power at 100 watt ~ 400 watt on the ZnO thin films has been investigated. The thin films were examined using current-voltage (I-V) measurement, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM). ZnO thin films were prepared at room temperature in pure argon atmosphere by a R.F magnetron sputtering using ZnO target. I-V measurement indicates that at 300 watt R.F power show the highest conductivity. All films have showed high UV absorption properties using UV-VIS spectrophotometer (JASCO 670). Highly oriented ZnO thin films [002] direction was obtained by using Rigaku Ultima IV. The root means square (rms) roughness for ZnO thin film were about (<2nm) was measured using AFM (Park System XE-100). Keywords-ZnO thin films, R.F power, electrical properties, optical properties, structural properties
Optical and Structural Properties of MEH-PPV: ZnO Nanocomposites
Authors: Nurul Zayana Yahya , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop
Published: October 2011

Thin films of conducting unsaturated polymer of red color poly [2-methoxy-5(2’-ethyl hexyloxy)-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) containing different weight percent of ZnO nanoparticles were deposited by spin coating techniques. The MEH-PPV: ZnO solutions were spin coated onto 2 × 2 cm glass substrates. The spun MEH-PPV: ZnO thin films were used for investigating the optical properties by using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometer (UV-Vis). The structural properties of the thin films were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For MEH-PPV: ZnO nanocomposites, the UV-Vis absorption bands increases and showing slight blue shift compared to the pure MEH-PPV. The optical bandgap of MEH-PPV: ZnO nanocomposites slightly decrease when the amount of ZnO nanoparticles increase. ZnO nanoparticles apparently no effect on conjugation segments of MEH-PPV. From the SEM images of MEH-PPV: ZnO nanocomposites, it can be seen that ZnO nanoparticles form agglomerated regions.
Properties of Amorphous Silica Entrapped Isoniazid Drug Delivery System
Authors: Hajarul Azwana Ab Wab , Nor Dyana Zakaria , Abdul Aziz Azlan , Khairunisak Abdul Razak
Published: October 2011

This work describes the properties of silica drug delivery system (DDS) produced using micelles entrapment approach. Isoniazid, which is a water soluble drug for tuberculosis was used in the system. The effects of synthesis parameters were systematically studied such as synthesis temperature (38-70°C), amount of butanol co-solvent (6-18 ml), and amount of Si organic precursor (2-8 ml). From transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, the size of DDS could be tuned from 21-104 nm by changing the reaction temperature. The increase of butanol co-solvent enlarged the size of DDS in the range of 40-94 nm. A similar trend was observed for DDS with increasing organic Si precursor whereby the particle size could be tuned from 40-132 nm. However, at high organic Si precursor of > 2 ml, a bimodal structure of DDS was observed. Stability study in biological media at 37°C of selected sample showed that the produced DDS had acceptable degree of agglomeration.
Optical and Electrical Characteristic of Layer-by-Layer Sol-Gel Spin Coated Nanoparticles ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Shariffudin Shafinaz , Farah Farliana Samat , Herman Sukreen Hana , Rusop Mohamad
Published: October 2011

Transparent nanoparticles ZnO thin films have been deposited on glass substrates using sol-gel spin coating technique. 0.35M sol were prepared by dissolving zinc acetate dehydrate in 2-methoxyethanol with monoethanolamine as the stabilizer. In this paper, a novel method called layer-by-layer is introduced, where the thin film is not only dried after each layer is spin-coated, but also directly annealed at 500°C to improve the electrical and optical properties of the films. Samples without annealing were also prepared as the reference sample. ZnO thin films were characterized using current-voltage measurement, UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that layer-by-layer ZnO thin films have lower resistivity compared to the reference samples with a maximum value of 0.77Ω.cm for ZnO films deposited with 2 layers. Transmittance spectra show that the films were transparent in the visible range above 400nm with range of 86%-98% for the layer-by-layer ZnO films. The optical band gaps were between 3.2 to 3.3eV for both layer-by-layer and the reference samples. PL spectra indicate that layer-by-layer method improves the crystallinity of the films.
Ultraviolet Sensing by Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Rashid Affa Rozana Abdul , Menon P. Susthitha , Arsad N. , Shaari S.
Published: October 2011

We report the fabrication and characterization of an ultraviolet photoconductive sensing by using Al-doped ZnO films. Undoped ZnO, 1 at.% and 2 at% of Al were prepared on quartz glass by sol gel method with annealing temperature of 500°C for 1 hour. The presence of spherical shaped nanoparticles were detected for undoped ZnO by using FESEM. The absorption edge shifted to a lower wavelength by doping with Al and excitonic peak can be observed. The band gap values increased by adding Al. I-V curves reveal an ohmic line and improvement in electrical conductivity when the samples are illuminated by ultraviolet (UV) light with a wavelength of 365 nm. At 1 at.% of Al, the film have a larger increment in photocurrent response when illuminated with UV light compared to undoped ZnO and 2 at.% Al. The thin films have a longer recovery time than response time.
Role of Carbon Source in the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes via Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Fatiha Ismail , Nor Aziah Buang , Othman Muhammad Zamir
Published: October 2011

Development of technology in synthesizing a novel nanoscale material has been the main concern in the current material science. This study investigates the effect of two different carbon sources on the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. Two types of carbon source i.e. acetylene gas and ethanol liquid were used for the synthesis of CNTs. The catalysts used in the synthesis of CNTs were formulated from nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and praseodymium (Pr) using the wet impregnation method. The as-synthesized CNTs obtained were characterized using field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The analysis result confirmed that the prepared catalysts were active for the production of CNTs. TEM analysis revealed that different morphologies of CNTs were formed when different carbon source was used. FE-SEM micrographs confirmed that acetylene proficient in producing multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ethanol in producing heterojunctions CNTs with diameter range of 60 to 120 nm and 10 to 40 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, TGA analysis revealed thermal stability of each type of CNTs at different temperature of decomposition. Generally, this research has successful produced different types of CNTs when different carbon source is used.
Influence of Organo-Clay on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of O-Muscovite/PP Layered Silicate Nanocomposite
Authors: Ahmad Rasyid Mohd Fadli , Hazizan Md Akil , Sharif Jamaliah Mohd
Published: October 2011

O-Muscovite/PP Layered Silicate Nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding using different filler content. Muscovite was organomodified with Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide (CEDAB). The thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites, based on polypropylene (PP) filled by organo-clay (O-Muscovite), were studied in order to clarify the effect of O-Muscovite on the O-Muscovite/PP layered silicate nanocomposites by WAXD, TEM and DSC analyses. XRD indicated that O-Mica layers were intercalated and dispersed into polypropylene. Analysis of test data shows that, addition of organo-clay improved mechanical properties of O-Mica/PP nanocomposites. With the incorporation of 5 wt% O-Mica (optimal filler loading) into polypropylene Izod impact increased to 23%. The DSC analyses have shown that the influence of organo-clay on the thermal properties of material was significant in composites with O-Mica as fillers, compared to virgin PP. The enhancements of properties can be caused by the formation of intercalated and exfoliation nanocomposite structure at this clay content and stronger interaction of O-Mica with polymer matrix. At a higher filler loading, degradation in mechanical properties maybe attributes to the formation of agglomerated clay tactoids. O-Muscovite/PP Layered Silicate Nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding using different filler content. Muscovite was organomodified with cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB). The thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites, based on polypropylene (PP) filled by organo-clay (O-Muscovite), were studied in order to clarify the effect of O-Muscovite on the O-Muscovite/PP layered silicate nanocomposites by WAXD, TEM and DSC analyses. XRD indicated that O-Mica layers were intercalated and dispersed into polypropylene. It was found that the mechanical and thermal properties of organo-clay nanocomposite possess better properties as compared to the unmodified clay nanocomposites. The reason was partly due to the formation of intercalated and exfoliation nanocomposite structure at this clay content and stronger interaction of O-Mica with polymer matrix.
Effect of Particle Sizes on Rate Sensitivity and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Silica (PP/Sio2) Nanocomposites
Authors: Mohd Firdaus Omar , Hazizan Md Akil , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: October 2011

Filler-related characteristic such as particle size, shape and geometry are essential factors that need to be considered during the evaluation of the material’s performance especially in the area of particle filled composites. However, there is limited number of works are reported on this particular issue under high strain rate condition. Based on this concern, the paper presents an experimental results on the effect of particle sizes towards rate sensitivity and dynamic compressive properties of polypropylene/silica nanocomposites across strain rate from 10-2 to 10-3 s-1. The composite specimens were tested using universal testing machine for static loading and a compression split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus for dynamic loading. Results show that, the stiffness and strength properties of polypropylene/silica nanocomposites were affected by the size of silica particles. However, the magnitudes of changed are somehow different between micro and nanosizes. On the other hand, particle size also plays a major contribution towards sensitivity of the polypropylene/silica nanocomposites where the smaller the reinforcement sizes, the less sensitive would be the composites. Overall, it is convenience to say that the particle size gives significant contribution towards rate sensitivity and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene/silica nanocomposites.
Structural and Thermal Behaviors of Iron-Filled Align Carbon Nanotubes Formulated by Two-Stage Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Shamsudin Muhammad Salleh , Abdullah Saifollah , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop
Published: October 2011

Finding on the one-dimensional purified aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNT) was prepared using botanical hydrocarbon: camphor powder in a two-stage catalytic chemical vapor deposition will be presented. For the first time, the hydrocarbon source and catalyst were patterned in different alumina boats in the system. The growth of ACNT has achieved free standing formation with higher aspect ratio. In contrast, unpurified carbon nanotubes have some drawbacks and require some treatments to fully utilize their capabilities in various applications. The results reveal that the crystallinity and purity of functionalized align carbon nanotubes was increased after wet-chemical technique and heat treatment process. In this paper, the results provide evidence showing that it was in good agreement with the field emission scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman and thermogravimetric analysis.
Fabrication of LP Gas Leakage Detector Systems Based on Modified Nanostructured ZnO Thin Film
Authors: Yuliarto Brian , Silvia Mardiana , Iqbal Muhammad , Nugraha Nugraha
Published: October 2011

The liquid petroleum (LP) gas leakage detector was successfully fabricated using modified nanostructured ZnO thin film as the sensitive layer. The detector consists of ZnO sensitive layer, a heater, a comparator, a transistor, an LED and a buzzer. The detector has the switch system where the comparator can change the current through the LED and buzzers when the LP gas is detected. The ZnO thin films were fabricated by sol gel method using chemical bath deposition technique at moderate temperature on an alumina substrate with electrode contacts. This sensors system allows us to produce LP gas sensor with a relatively low-cost procedure. The detector was tested with the LP gas leakages and had shown good response values as measured at the operational temperature of 200o C.
Large-Area Synthesis and Microstructural Investigations of Silicon Nanowires and Te/Bi2Te3-Si Core-Shell Structures
Authors: Ng Inn Khuan , Ying Kok Kuan , Abidin Siti Salwa Zainal , Saidin Nur Ubaidah , Choo Thye-Foo
Published: October 2011

Large-area randomly-oriented silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were synthesized using Au-coated p-type Si (100) substrates via the solid-liquid-solid (SLS) process under different growth conditions. Microstructural studies on the NWs produced showed that straight crystalline nanowires of large aspect ratios were generally obtained at a growth temperature of 1000°C along with some worm-like amorphous structures. Large-area vertically aligned silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays on p-type (001) Si substrates were also synthesized in an aqueous solution containing AgNO3 and HF by self-selective electroless etching. Diameters of the SiNWs produced from both methods varied from 50 nm to 350 nm and their lengths generally extended from several to approximately a few tens of µm depending on the growth conditions used. Te-Si and Bi2Te3-Si core-shell structures were subsequently obtained via galvanic displacement of SiNWs in acidic HF electrolytes containing HTeO2+ and Bi3+/HTeO2+ ions. The reactions were basically a nanoelectrochemical process due to the difference in redox potentials between the materials. The modified SiNWs of core-shell structures had roughened surface morphologies and, therefore, higher surface-to-bulk ratios compared to unmodified SiNWs. They should have potential applications in sensors, photovoltaic and thermoelectric nanodevices. Microstructural studies on the SiNWs and core-shell structures produced are presented using various microscopy, diffraction and probe-based techniques for characterization.
Effect of Electrolyte Composition in Electrochemical Synthesis of Self-Organized Tio2 Nanotubes
Authors: Ying Chin Lim , Zainal Zulkarnain , Hussein Mohd Zobir , Tan Weetee
Published: October 2011

In this paper, self-organized TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) were synthesized by electrochemical anodization in different electrolytes comprising acidic fluorinated aqueous electrolyte and organic neutral electrolyte. The structural, morphological and composition of TNT were characterized with XRD, FESEM and EDX. Compared with aqueous electrolyte, much smoother tubes with an increase of over 30 times in nanotube length can be obtained by anodization in organic electrolyte. Besides the high aspect ratio, variation of nanotube length within the array could be observed. Interestingly, under the same heat treatment condition, choice of electrolyte has an influence on the crystalline structure of TNT.
Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates for Nickel Nanowires Array Fabrication
Authors: Saidin Nur Ubaidah , Ying Kok Kuan , Ng Inn Khuan
Published: October 2011

This paper reports on the process developed to fabricate anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates suitable for the fabrication of nanowires arrays. Anodization process has been used to fabricate the AAO templates with pore diameters ranging from 15 nm to 30 nm. Electrodeposition of parallel arrays of high aspect ratio nickel nanowires were demonstrated using these fabricated AAO templates. The nanowires produced were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the orientations of the electrodeposited nickel nanowires were governed by the deposition current and electrolyte conditions.
Excitonic Contribution of Nanosilicon on Light Emitting Properties
Authors: Ghoshal Sib Krishna , Sahar M.R. , Rohani M. Supar
Published: October 2011

A phenomenological model is developed by integrating the effect of excitonic energy states, localized surface states and quantum confinement (QC) to obtain an analytical expression for the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) intensity. We calculate the binding energy of strongly confined excitons in silicon (Si) quantum dots (QD) having sizes 1 to 7.75 nm to examine its contribution on optical band gap and electronic properties. The band gap with excitonic contribution is found to decrease as much as 0.23 eV for the smallest dot. The effect of exciton states explains almost accurately the experimental PL data. Our model provides the mechanism for controlling the PL intensity through fitting parameters. Huge excitonic effects, which depend strongly on QD size and shape, characterize the optical spectra. The results for the size dependence of the optical band gap, the PL intensity, and oscillator strength are presented the role excitonic effects on optical and electronic properties are discussed.
Effect of Surfactant on Characteristics of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN)
Authors: Kullavadee Karn Orachai , Uracha Ruktanonchai , Smith Siwaporn Meejoo
Published: October 2011

SLN have shown a great promise as an alternative drug carrier for intravenous and dermal applications. This work focuses on the basic properties of drug-free Compritol® ATO 888 based SLN systems by using cationic surfactant (CPC) and nonionic surfactant (Tween 80). Effects of surfactant on the physical properties of SLNs were investigated in the absence of model drug to avoid the interaction between drug and surfactant. These SLN samples have different particle size, zeta potential and morphology. DSC was used to quantify the crystallinity of SLN systems. It was found that %RI of both SLNs was similar, indicating that types of surfactant did not affect on crystallization of solid lipid. Spherical-like particle was observed with SLN-C, while rod-like particle was found with SLN-T. The results demonstrated that surfactant plays an important role on SLN physical characteristics.