bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Correlation Between the Serum Squamous Carcinoma Antigen and the Prognosis of Recurrent Cervical Squamous Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yan , Cui Tong , Du Lili , Xu Xiaoqin , Tian Baoguo , Sun Ting , Han Cunzhi , Zhao Xianwen , Jing Jiexian
Published: July 2016

Background

To explore the relationship of the serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC‐Ag) with the pathologic characteristics, occurrence, and prognosis of cervical squamous carcinoma.

Methods

The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to determine the serum SCC‐Ag levels for the patients, which included 424 pretreatment patients and 500 cases after treatment.

Results

(a) Pretreatment SCC‐Ag levels of patients were related to clinical stages, lymphatic metastasis, and myometrial invasion, (b) within a median follow‐up of 54 months, 180 recurrences (36%) and 102 disease‐associated deaths (20.4%) were recorded, 161 recurrent patients showed elevated SCC‐Ag levels (161/180, 89.4%), and 60 of them (37.3%) had a significant increase in SCC‐Ag serum levels before clinical manifestation of relapse. The lead time ranged between 1 and 5 months (median: 2.3 months). The total survival rates were 23.4% and 17.8% for 3‐year and 5‐year period, respectively, and (c) clinical stages, the site of recurrence, and SCC‐Ag levels after treatment were closely related with recurrent patients' survival time (P < 0.01~<0.005). Multivariate analysis indicated that the clinical stages and SCC‐Ag levels of recurrent patients were independent prognostic factors (P < 0.05˜0.01).

Conclusion

Serum SCC‐Ag level was an important predictor for the cervical squamous carcinoma recurrence and prognosis.
Highly Efficient Ultrasonic‐Assisted CuCl‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions in Water: Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives Linked with 1,2,3‐Triazole Moiety
Authors: Li Xu , Chen Xiaolan , Jiang Yuqin , Chen Senshen , Qu Lingbo , Qu Zhibo , Yuan Jinwei , Shi Hanyu
Published: July 2016

By introducing ultrasound irradiation into “on water” CuCl‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition, the reaction efficiencies were notably promoted toward a wide variety of applicable azides and alkynes at room temperature, and a series of coumarin derivatives linked with 1,2,3‐triazole moiety were synthesized using the optimized conditions.
Biosurfactant/s from Lactobacilli species: Properties, challenges and potential biomedical applications
Authors: Satpute Surekha K. , Kulkarni Gauri R. , Banpurkar Arun G. , Banat Ibrahim M. , Mone Nishigandha S. , Patil Rajendra H. , Cameotra Swaranjit Singh
Published: July 2016

Lactic acid bacteria are generally believed to have positive roles in maintaining good health and immune system in humans. A number of Lactobacilli spp. are known to produce important metabolites, among which biosurfactants in particular have shown antimicrobial activity against several pathogens in the intestinal tract and female urogenital tract partly through interfering with biofilm formation and adhesion to the epithelial cells surfaces. Around 46 reports are documented on biosurfactant production from Lactobacillus spp. of which six can be broadly classified as cell free biosurfactant and 40 as cell associated biosurfactants and only approximately 50% of those have reported on the structural composition which, in order of occurrence were mainly proteinaceous, glycolipidic, glycoproteins, or glycolipopeptides in nature. Due to the proteinaceous nature, most biosurfactant produced by strains of Lactobacillus are generally believed to be surlactin type with high potential toward impeding pathogens adherence. Researchers have recently focused on the anti‐adhesive and antibiofilm properties of Lactobacilli‐derived biosurfactants. This review briefly discusses the significance of Lactobacilli‐derived biosurfactants and their potential applications in various fields. In addition, we highlight the exceptional prospects and challenges in fermentation economics of Lactobacillus spp.‐derived biosurfactants’ production processes.
Successful detection of foreign inserts in transgenic rice TT51‐1 (BT63) by RNA‐sequencing combined with PCR
Authors: Li Yunjing , Li Jun , Wu Yuhua , Cao Yinglong , Li Jun , Zhu Li , Li Xiaofei , Huang Shunmou , Wu Gang
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

As event‐specific sequence information for most unauthorised genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is currently still unavailable, detecting unauthorised GMOs remains challenging. Here, we used insect‐resistant rice TT51‐1 as an example to develop a novel approach via detecting GMOs by RNA‐seq (sequencing) and PCR. RNA‐seq of TT51‐1 generated 4.8 million (M) 21‐nt cDNA tags. Alignment to the Oryza sativa subsp. japonica reference genome revealed 24 098 unmapped tags. Foreign tags from the nopaline synthetic enzyme gene (NOS) terminator and insect‐resistant genes were then identified by searching against the NCBI VecScreen and NT databases.

RESULTS

To further isolate foreign DNA sequences, putative NOS terminator and insect‐resistant gene tags were combined and used directly as primer pairs for long‐range PCR, producing a 5016‐bp fragment. The inserted DNA sequence of TT51‐1 has been submitted to a database, and thus, similarity analysis using the database could identify a test sample.

CONCLUSION

The novel approach has a great potential for application to the detection and identification of unauthorised GMOs in food and feed products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Propagation and filtering of elastic and electromagnetic waves in piezoelectric composite structures
Authors: Tallarico Domenico , Movchan Natalia , Movchan Alexander , Camposaragna Michele
Published: July 2016

In this article, we discuss the modelling of elastic and electromagnetic wave propagation through one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional structured piezoelectric solids. Dispersion and the effect of piezoelectricity on the group velocity and positions of stop bands are studied in detail. We will also analyse the reflection and transmission associated with the problem of scattering of an elastic wave by a heterogeneous piezoelectric stack. Special attention is given to the occurrence of transmission resonances in finite stacks and their dependence on a piezoelectric effect. A two‐dimensional doubly periodic piezoelectric checkerboard structure is subsequently introduced, for which the dispersion surfaces for Bloch waves have been constructed and analysed, with the emphasis on the dynamic anisotropy and special features of standing waves within the piezoelectric structure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe defect in mitochondrial complex I assembly with mitochondrial DNA deletions in ACAD9‐deficient mild myopathy
Authors: Fragaki Konstantina , Chaussenot Annabelle , Boutron Audrey , Bannwarth Sylvie , Cochaud Charlotte , Richelme Christian , Sacconi Sabrina , Paquis‐Flucklinger Veronique
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase 9 (ACAD9) has a role in mitochondrial complex I (CI) assembly. Only a few patients who carry ACAD9 mutations have been reported. They mainly present with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, although a minority have only mild isolated myopathy. Although the secondary factors influencing disease severity have not been elucidated, conservation of CI assembly and residual enzymatic activity have been suggested as explanations for the mild phenotypes associated with ACAD9 mutations. Methods: We report a novel homozygous ACAD9 mutation (c.1240C>T; p.Arg414Cys) in a 34‐year‐old woman who presented with non‐progressive myopathy. Results: We show that this ACAD9 mutation led to a severe defect in CI assembly in the patient's muscle. Furthermore, the impact of CI deficiency is confirmed by accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions. Conclusion: Our data suggest that a major defect of CI assembly is not responsible for a severe phenotype. Muscle Nerve 55: 919–922, 2017
The Culture of Agreement Making in Solomon Islands
Authors: Foukona Joseph D. , Timmer Jaap
Published: July 2016

Current growing interest in mining in Solomon Islands warrants critical reflection on the centrality of natural resources in the post‐colonial formation of state‐society interactions, in particular, as they have been shaped by decades of forestry resources extraction. Since independence in 1978 waves of Malaysian, Taiwanese, Korean, Australian and Japanese investors have developed natural resource extraction projects. Not only have these projects been poorly regulated, they have entwined politicians, leaders and landholders with the state as an economic agent with its own base of economic power. As a result, wealth in Solomon Islands is highly politicised and dependent on the bargaining position of the state and foreign investors (Bennett 1987, 2002). Instead of looking at the failures of the state, as is common in political science approaches to Solomon Islands, we draw on case studies in forestry, mining, and customary land dealings on the island of Malaita and on the Weathercoast of Guadalcanal to highlight the kinds of social networks that enable agreements over the use of natural resources. Challenging common assumptions about the division between state and society, we show that leaders in rural regions of Solomon Islands behave like landlords, that brokers from the communities see themselves as actors equalling the state, and that the state performs like a capitalist actor.
Coral Roads and their Sorcery: Lost Authority and Spectral Commodification in Buka
Authors: Oppermann Thiago Cintra
Published: July 2016

Sorcery in Buka, Autonomous Region of Bougainville, is understood as reprehensible in most present contexts, but it is also believed to have once played a constructive role in maintaining social order. This mytheme is important both to the analysis of how traditional systems of sorcery come to be rearticulated in postcolonial contexts, and as a means of understanding how villagers conceptualise social order itself. Here, an analysis of the selective means by which vernacular forms of sorcery are assimilated to the Tok Pisin term poisen is presented together with an examination of the history of institutions of social control in which sorcery is remembered ‐ and forgotten ‐ to have played key roles. In the past, sorcery would have been gavman blong peles, a ‘village government’, a power over and from people, accumulated by the hierarchical integration of lineages within houses known as tsuhana. Sorcery has been privatized and commodified, slipping out of control of traditional authorities, who now pursue a strategy of achieving power over land. Power from people entails, in the Buka context, sorcery or other forms of internalised violence; power over land entails the assertion exclusivist genealogical claims. The pursuit of such claims is mediated by courts, and frequently creates rifts in communities. Sorcery, once freed from its role as government, returns to haunt traditional authorities as the spectre of their former power, and as the spectre of resistance to their current power: to the extent that they emphasize the historical role of poisen, the more they are suspected of it; imagined as the anarchy of jealousies, poisen multiplies in proportion to their success in parlaying forms of traditional authority into economic and political advantage.
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane/Ag nanoparticle composites
Authors: Han Wen‐Song
Published: July 2016

The hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane (HWPU)/Ag nanocomposites were prepared by incorporation of silver sol into the HWPU. Formation of Ag nanoparticles in different generation hyperbranched polyesters was confirmed by UV–vis spectra, particle size distribution, and transmission electron microscope. The structures and properties of HWPU and its nanocomposites were measured with X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis, etc. SEM images revealed that the Ag nanoparticles were well dispersed in the HWPU matrix with an increasing of generation number. The DMA analysis results showed that the HWPU/Ag nanocomposites had higher glass transition temperature and dynamic storage modulus than that of pure HWPU, especially incorporation of Ag nanoparticles protected by the third generation polyester. Incorporation of Ag nanoparticles into HWPU not only increased the mechanical properties but also enhanced thermal properties. Furthermore, the Young's modulus, tensile strength, and the initial decomposition temperature of HWPU/Ag nanocomposites are increased with increase in generation number. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1967–1977, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparison of global horizontal irradiance forecasts based on numerical weather prediction models with different spatio‐temporal resolutions
Authors: Lorenz Elke , Kühnert Jan , Heinemann Detlev , Nielsen Kristian Pagh , Remund Jan , Müller Stefan C.
Published: July 2016

In the framework of the IEA SHC Task 46 “Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting” we compare solar global horizontal irradiance forecasts based on numerical weather predictions for a variety of different models. These include direct model output of several numerical weather prediction models, a rapid update cycle model assimilating satellite derived cloud products as well as radar data, the multi model ensemble prediction system GLAMEPS, and two MOS systems. In order to allow for a transparent and comparable analysis of the different methods we have set up a joint, consistent framework of evaluation. As a basis for the comparisons we have compiled a common data set of hourly measured solar irradiance values for Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland. Local and regional forecasts are analyzed with respect to different properties. In particular we show that spatial and temporal averaging effects have a strong impact on the root mean square error when comparing solar irradiance forecasts of numerical weather prediction models with different output resolutions. Furthermore, we investigate a new approach to evaluate the models' ability to represent and forecast solar irradiance and cloud variability. The benefit of high resolution mesoscale models in this respect is demonstrated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OpenSlice: Quantitative data sharing from HyperPeaks to global ion chromatograms (GICs)
Authors: Askenazi Manor , Fenyö David
Published: July 2016

Data sharing in the field of MS has advanced greatly thanks to innovations such as the standardized formats, data repositories, and publications guidelines. However, there is currently no data sharing mechanism that enables real‐time data browsing and deep linking on a large scale: unrestricted data access (particularly at the quantitative level) ultimately requires the user to download a local copy of the relevant data files (e.g., in order to generate extracted ion chromatograms [XICs]). In this technical resource, we present a set of technologies (collectively termed OpenSlice) that enable the user to quantitatively query hundreds of hours of proteomics discovery data (i.e., nontargeted acquisition) in real time: the user is able to effectively generate XICs for arbitrary masses on the fly and across the entire dataset (so‐called global ion chromatograms), interacting with the results through a very intuitive browser‐based interface. A key design consideration underlying the OpenSlice approach is the notion that every aspect of the acquired data must be accessible through a RESTful uniform resource locator based application programming interface, up to and including individual chromatographic peaks (hence HyperPeaks). A publicly accessible demonstration of this technology based on the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium CompRef dataset is made available at http://compref.fenyolab.org.
Superconductivity‐enhanced nematicity and “s+d” gap symmetry in Fe(Se1−xSx)
Authors: Wang Liran , Hardy Frédéric , Wolf Thomas , Adelmann Peter , Fromknecht Rainer , Schweiss Peter , Meingast Christoph
Published: July 2016

Superconducting iron chalcogenide FeSe has the simplest crystal structure among all the Fe‐based superconductors. Unlike other iron pnictides, FeSe exhibits no long‐range magnetic order accompanying the tetragonal‐to‐orthorhombic structural distortion, which raises the fundamental question about the role of magnetism and its associated spin fluctuations in mediating both nematicity and superconductivity. The extreme sensitivity of FeSe to external pressure suggests that chemical pressure, induced by substitution of Se by the smaller ion S, could also a be good tuning parameter to further study the coupling between superconductivity and nematicity and to obtain information on both the Fermi‐surface changes and the symmetry of the superconducting state. Here, we study the thermodynamic properties of Fe() for three compositions, , 0.08, and 0.15, using heat‐capacity and thermal‐expansion measurements. With increasing S content, we observe a significant reduction of the tetragonal‐to‐orthorhombic transition temperature . However, this suppression of is counterintuitively accompanied by an enhancement of the orthorhombic distortion below , which clearly indicates that superconductivity favors the nematic state. In parallel, the superconducting transition temperature is sizeably enhanced, whereas the increase of the Sommerfeld coefficient is quite moderate. In the limit, an unusually large residual density of states is found for indicative of significant substitution‐induced disorder. We discuss these observations in the context of “” superconducting‐state symmetry.
Retrieval of ozone profiles from geostationary infrared sounder observations using principal component analysis
Authors: Jindal P. , Shukla M. V. , Sharma S. K. , Thapliyal P. K.
Published: July 2016

The present work proposes a novel method to derive vertical profiles of ozone from infrared measurements on board geostationary sounders. The methodology is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and has been applied over a large geographical region from 45°S to 45°N. It has been found that the first two principal components (PCs) together explain 71% of the total variance of the ozone profiles and are statistically significant and quite stable. Therefore, an algorithm for the retrieval of the first two PCs has been proposed. The magnitude of the retrieval error using PCA is significantly smaller than the variance of the dataset in the atmospheric layer from 200.0 to 5.0 hPa, indicating that the skill of the new algorithm is very high. The new algorithm was applied to the sounder observations from GOES‐13 (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) and INSAT‐3D (Indian National Satellite) for the validation study. The validation of GOES‐13 retrieved profiles with the ozonesonde has shown that the algorithm is working better in the stratosphere than in the troposphere. Furthermore, the GOES‐13 retrieved ozone was also compared with the SBUV/2 (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet) ozone. Overall the %RMSD (percentage root‐mean‐square deviation) values were within 30%. However, the values were within 10% above 20 hPa for most of the cases. The comparison of INSAT‐3D retrieved profiles with SBUV/2 and OMPS (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite) profiles have shown results almost similar to GOES‐13. The ozone values retrieved by using the existing algorithms and the algorithm presented in this work have been compared. It is found that the ozone retrieval has improved significantly with the algorithm presented in this work.
Unusual presentation of pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma
Authors: Oi Ryoko , Saji Hisashi , Marushima Hideki , Maeda Ichiro , Takagi Masayuki , Nakamura Haruhiko
Published: July 2016

Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare malignant tumour with histological features similar to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A close association is known to exist between pulmonary LELC and Epstein–Barr virus infection in Southeast Asian countries. We report a 69‐year‐old man with pulmonary LELC arising from a thin‐walled cavity with a smooth inner surface and characterized by an unexpectedly rapid progression.
Evolutionary clues in lncRNAs
Authors: Nitsche Anne , Stadler Peter F.
Published: July 2016

The diversity of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the human transcriptome is in stark contrast to the sparse exploration of their functions concomitant with their conservation and evolution. The pervasive transcription of the largely non‐coding human genome makes the evolutionary age and conservation patterns of lncRNAs to a topic of interest. Yet it is a fairly unexplored field and not that easy to determine as for protein‐coding genes. Although there are a few experimentally studied cases, which are conserved at the sequence level, most lncRNAs exhibit weak or untraceable primary sequence conservation. Recent studies shed light on the interspecies conservation of secondary structures among lncRNA homologs by using diverse computational methods. This highlights the importance of structure on functionality of lncRNAs as opposed to the poor impact of primary sequence changes. Further clues in the evolution of lncRNAs are given by selective constraints on non‐coding gene structures (e.g., promoters or splice sites) as well as the conservation of prevalent spatio‐temporal expression patterns. However, a rapid evolutionary turnover is observable throughout the heterogeneous group of lncRNAs. This still gives rise to questions about its functional meaning. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1376. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1376

This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA

RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing

RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
Long-term outcomes of slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated with in situ pinning
Authors: de Poorter Jolanda J. , Beunder Tom J. , Gareb Barzi , Oostenbroek Hubert J. , Bessems Gert H. J. M. , van der Lugt Joris C. T. , Maathuis Patrick G. M. , van der Sande Michiel A. J.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the commonest hip disorder in adolescents. In situ pinning is commonly performed, yet lately there has been an increase in procedures with open reduction and internal fixation. These procedures, however, are technically demanding with relatively high complication rates and unknown long-term outcomes. Nevertheless, reports on long-term results of in situ fixation are not equivocal. This study evaluates the possible higher risk of worse outcome after in situ pinning of SCFE.

Methods

All patients treated for SCFE with in situ fixation between 1980 and 2002 in four different hospitals were asked to participate. Patients were divided into three groups, based on severity of the slip. Patients were invited to the outpatient clinic for physical examination and X-rays, and to fill out the questionnaires HOOS, EQ5D, and SF36. ANOVA and chi-squared tests were used to analyze differences between groups.

Results

Sixty-one patients with 78 slips filled out the questionnaires. Patients with severe slips had worse scores on HOOS, EQ5D, and SF36. 75 % of patients with severe slips had severe osteoarthritis, compared to 2 % of mild and 11 % of moderate slips.

Conclusion

Hips with mild and moderate SCFE generally had good functional and radiological outcome at a mean follow-up of 18 years, and for these hips there seems to be no indication for open procedures. However, severe slips have a significantly worse outcome, and open reduction and internal fixation could therefore be considered.
Quality control of subgrade soil using intelligent compaction
Authors: Barman Manik , Nazari Moeen , Imran Syed Asif , Commuri Sesh , Zaman Musharraf , Beainy Fares , Singh Dharamveer
Published: July 2016

Intelligent Compaction (IC) of subgrade soil has been proposed to continuously monitor the stiffness of subgrade during its compaction. Modern IC rollers are vibratory compactors equipped with (1) an onboard measuring system capable of estimating the stiffness of the pavement material being compacted, (2) Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor to precisely locate the roller, and (3) an integrated mapping and reporting system. Using IC, the roller operator is able to evaluate the entire subgrade and address deficiencies encountered during compaction. Continuous monitoring of quality during construction can help build better quality and long-lasting pavements. However, most of the commercially available IC rollers report stiffness in terms of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specified indicator, known as Intelligent Compaction Measurement Value (ICMV). Although useful, additional tests are required to establish the correlation between these ICMV values and the resilient modulus of subgrade (Mr). Since the mechanistic design of the pavement is performed usingMr, it is important to know if the designMris achieved on the entire subgrade during compaction. This paper presents a systematic procedure for monitoring the level of compaction of subgrade in real time using intelligent compaction (IC). Specifically, the Intelligent Compaction Analyzer (ICA) developed at the University of Oklahoma was used for estimating the modulus of the subgrade. Results from two demonstration studies show that the ICA is able to estimate subgrade modulus with an accuracy that is acceptable for quality control activities during the construction of pavements.
Education in Disaster Management: What Do We Offer and What Do We Need? Proposing a New Global Program
Authors: Khorram-Manesh Amir , Lupesco Olivera , Friedl Tom , Arnim Gotz , Kaptan Kubilay , Djalali Ahmadreza R. , Foletti Marco , Ingrasia Pier Luigi , Ashkenazi Michael , Arculeo Chris , Fischer Philipp , Hreckovski Boris , Komadina Radko , Voigt Stefan , Carlström Eric , James James ,   for the DITAC (Disaster Training Curriculum) partners
Published: July 2016

Objective

Although there is a significant willingness to respond to disasters, a review of post-event reports following incidents shows troubling repeated patterns with poorly integrated response activities and response managers inadequately trained for the requirements of disasters. This calls for a new overall approach in disaster management.

Methods

An in-depth review of the education and training opportunities available to responders and disaster managers has been undertaken, as well as an extensive review of the educational competencies and their parent domains identified by subject matter experts as necessary for competent performance.

Results

Seven domains of competency and competencies that should be mastered by disaster mangers were identified. This set of domains and individual competencies was utilized to define a new and evolving curriculum. In order to evaluate and assess the mastery of each competency, objectives were more widely defined as activities under specific topics, as the measurable elements of the curriculum, for each managerial level.

Conclusions

This program enables interagency cooperation and collaboration and could be used to increase and improve decision-makers’ understanding of disaster managers’ capabilities; at the strategic/tactical level to promote the knowledge and capability of the disaster managers themselves; and as continuing education or further career development for disaster managers at the operational level. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:854–873)
THE USE AND ABUSE OF HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE IN THEAPOLOGYOF LUCIUS APULEIUS
Authors: Israelowich Ido
Published: July 2016

TheApologyof Apuleius is a rare example of a complete forensic speech in Latin from the High Roman Empire. The prosecution on the charge ofmagiaof a renownedrhetorin the court of a Roman proconsul, who might himself have been a distinguished Stoic philosopher, offers modern scholars a remarkable opportunity to observe an encounter between scholarship and legal practice. Apuleius arrived in the city of Oea en route to Alexandria as part of a life of learning and travel. While visiting Oea, Apuleius met his old schoolfriend Sicinius Pontianus, who encouraged him to wed his recently widowed mother Aemilia Pudentilla. The reason for this unusual request was Pontianus' wish that his mother would not marry someone unsuitable. Apuleius agreed and the marriage took place. However, it left Sicinius Aemilianus, a brother of Pudentilla's first husband, and Herennius Rufinus, Pontianus' father-in-law, aggrieved and they decided to pursue Apuleius through the courts. TheApology, which Apuleius later published as a record of his defence, has long attracted scholarly interest. Two commentaries have been published, the literary aspects analysed and the authenticity of the speech scrutinized.
Gif Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
Authors: Delibrias G. , Guillier M. T. , Labeyrie J.
Published: July 2016

The C14 dating laboratories of Saclay (Saclay I, 1964 and Saclay II, 1965) and Gif (Gif-sur-Yvette, 1966) have joined together under the name of Gif C14 Dating Laboratory. The first series of dating results appears here with code designation Gif, Sa now being obsolete.
Geological Survey of Canada Radiocarbon Dates V
Authors: Dyck W. , Lowdon J. A. , Fyles J. G. , Blake W.
Published: July 2016

Both the 2-L counter, described in GSC I, and the 5-L counter (GSC IV) were operated routinely during the past year. Approximately one-half of the determinations reported here were obtained from each counter. The 5-L counter was operated mainly at 1 atm.

For more than a year, age calculations have been carried out monthly by an I.B.M. 1620 computer. If the background, standard, and sample counts during a month conform to statistical laws, they are entered on sheets together with their respective counting times and sample identifications and sent to the computing center for processing.
Gif-Sur-Yvette Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I
Authors: Coursaget J. , Le Run J.
Published: July 2016

The following list shows the age measurements carried out from 1958 to March 1963 at the Radiocarbon Laboratory at Gif-sur-Yvette, This laboratory has been replaced by a new one whose first measurements are also given in this volume.

It was equipped with 2 proportional counters similar to those used in Saclay laboratory and operating with 1 atm of pure CO2. These counters were shielded by 15 cm lead, 5 cm iron and 1.5 cm of mercury.

Data have been calculated on the basis of a C14 half-life of 5570 yr, in agreement with the decision of the Fifth Radiocarbon Dating Conference. As a modern carbon standard, wood taken from old furniture was used. This standard was found equivalent to 95% of the activity of the NBS oxalic acid, if a 2% Suess-effect is adopted for this wood.
Louvain Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IV
Authors: Gilot E. , Ancion N. , Capron P. C.
Published: July 2016

The following list covers most of the samples measured at the Louvain C14 laboratory since the last list (Louvain III).

The method is essentially the same as the one used for the work described in the previous lists. A CH4 proportional counter, 0.6 L volume, operating at 3 atm pressure, is used. Equipment and counting techniques have been described in Louvain I. Dates are computed on the basis of the Libby half-life, 5570 yr, and the zero of the age scale is A.D. 1950. Ages are quoted with 1σ experimental error, which includes the counting variations of the sample as well as that of the background and the contemporary standard. As modern standard we now use NBS oxalic-acid standard or wood taken from A.D. 1870 to A.D. 1900 tree rings. No differences between the two standards have been observed.
University of Rome Carbon-14 Dates IV
Authors: Alessio M. , Bella F. , Bachechi F. , Cortesi C.
Published: July 2016

The list includes age measurements carried out from December 1964 to October 1965. As in the previous list (Rome III) the samples dated are almost all of archaeological interest and are drawn from Italian and some European and Asiatic territories.
Gakushuin Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI
Authors: Kigoshi Kunihiko
Published: July 2016

This list of dates is a continuation of Gakushuin V. Instruments and techniques are essentially the same as those used for Gakushuin III, IV and V.
Groningen Radiocarbon Dates VII
Authors: Vogel J. C. , Waterbolk H. T.
Published: July 2016

In late 1962 the old radiocarbon laboratory in Groningen was demolished and new dating equipment was erected in an underground cellar specially built for the purpose.
Hannover Radiocarbon Measurements IV
Authors: Geyh M. A.
Published: July 2016

This date list covers a selection of C14results of archaeologic, hydrologic and speleologic samples that have been investigated in the period from March 1963 until July 1966. Dates of geologic samples will be presented in the following list.
RIKEN Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III
Authors: Yamasaki Fumio , Hamada Tatsuji , Fujiyama Chikako
Published: July 2016

The C14 dates given below are a continuation of the work presented in our previous list (RIKEN II), and have been obtained by counting CO2 at ca. 2 atm pressure in a 2.7 L stainless steel counter. Results obtained during 1966 are described.
Arizona Radiocarbon Dates VIII
Authors: Haynes C. Vance , Grey Donald C. , Long Austin
Published: July 2016

The carbon isotopic analyses reported here covers the period since the last list (Haynes et al., 1967) until summer 1969. All results relating to secular C14 fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 are now published separately (Damon et al., 1970). Sample preparation and counting procedures remain essentially unchanged since completion of our conversion to CO2 in 1960. All δC13 values are reported relative to PDB and all C14 dates, unless otherwise noted, are based on the 5568 year half-life, but are not corrected for C13 content. 0.95 NBS oxalic acid activity is our routine standard periodically monitored for isotopic fractionation.
Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique Radiocarbon Dates II
Authors: Dauchot-Dehon M. , Heylen J.
Published: July 2016

The method used was described in R., 1968, v. 10, p. 29–35. The counter is the same (M.B.L.E. Houtermans and Oeschger) but the electronic apparatus is new; all is transistorized and the installation operates in preset time. The counter is filled at a pressure of 600 to 1000 mm Hg; sample, modern reference, and background are counted at the same pressure and reduced to standard conditions: 760 mm Hg, 20°C. Atmospheric pressure and temperature are measured at each filling. Samples are counted for 20 hours at one month intervals and a third time if measurements do not agree within two standard deviations. Age calculations are based on a contemporary value equal to 0.95 of activity of NBS oxalic acid standard and 5570 yr for the half-life of C14, 1950 used as reference year. Errors quoted include the standard deviations of the count rates for unknown sample, modern and background; no corrections are made for isotopic fractionation.
Vienna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates II
Authors: Felber Heinz
Published: July 2016

Measurements have continued with the same proportional counter system, the same procedure in sample pretreatment, methane preparation and measurement, and the same age calculation using a half-life of 5568 ± 30 yr as described previously (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 298–318).
University of Michigan Radiocarbon Dates XIV
Authors: Crane H. R. , Griffin James B.
Published: July 2016

The following is a list of dates obtained since the compilation of List XIII (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 161–180). The method is essentially the same. Two CO2–CS2Geiger counter systems were used. Equipment and counting techniques have been described elsewhere (Crane, 1961). Dates and estimates of error in this list follow the practice recommended by the International Radiocarbon Dating Conferences of 1962 and 1965, in that (a) dates are computed on the basis of the Libby half-life, 5570 yr; (b) A.D. 1950 is used as the zero of the age scale; and (c) the errors quoted are the standard deviations obtained from the number of counts only. In Michigan date lists up to and including VII, we quoted errors at least twice as great as the statistical errors of counting in order to take into account other errors in the over-all process.
Isotopes' Radiocarbon Measurements X
Authors: Buckley James , Isotopes Teledyne
Published: July 2016

The measurements presented below were made during 1970–71 by techniques described in R., 1968, v. 10, p. 246, and 1970, v. 12, p. 87. Errors associated with the de Vries effect and the uncertainty of the half-life are not included. In November 1971 a new low level, quartz-lined 1/2L counter designed by M. Stuiver was put into operation. It has allowed routine measurements with the samples representing 500mg to 1g pure carbon.
National Taiwan University Radiocarbon Measurements II
Authors: Hsu Yuin-Chi , Chou Muh-Chen , Hsu Yi-Chuan , Lin Song-Yun , Lu Shih-Chong
Published: July 2016

The C14 dates given below have been obtained by counting CO2 at 2 atm pressure in a 1 L proportional counter. Details of procedure are given in our previous list (R., 1970, v. 12, p. 187–192). Radiocarbon dates in this list are based on 95% of activity of NBS oxalic acid as the modern standard and were calculated using 5570 yr as the half-life of C14. Errors quoted with the dates are standard deviation originating from the statistical nature of radioactive disintegration process. Results obtained during 1970 and 1971 are described here.
Cairo Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I
Authors: Nakhla Shawki M , Mohammed Ferial M
Published: July 2016

The Organisation of Egyptian Antiquities believes that Egypt should play an important role in current international research in the field of radiocarbon dating of archaeologic samples. Thus, such a laboratory was established within the Center of Research and Conservation of Antiquities, CRCA, Cairo.
Institute of Geological Sciences Radiocarbon Dates V
Authors: Welin E , Engstrand L , Vaczy S
Published: July 2016

This date list was compiled by the Institute of Geological Sciences (UK) incorporating data supplied under contract by E Welin, Radioactive Dating Laboratory, Stockholm. Unless otherwise stated, age figures are in14C years before ad 1950. The half-life of14C is taken as 5568 years and the error, based on counting statistics of sample, background, and modern, is given as one standard deviation. Correction for13C/12C fractionation has been made.
Harwell Radiocarbon Measurements I
Authors: Otlet R L , Slade B S
Published: July 2016

The Low-level Measurements Laboratory at AERE, Harwell was set up some years ago principally to measure natural levels of tritium in water for hydrologic applications. The measurement of 14C in groundwater carbonates was a logical development from this work. In the period 1971–73 the measurement system has been extended to include archaeologic samples and this is the first list of dates for samples submitted during that period.
Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements V
Authors: Evin J , Marien G , Pachiaudi Ch
Published: July 2016

This list includes most of the samples measured from June 1972 to December 1973 and some other results as yet unpublished.
University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates XII
Authors: Bender Margaret M , Bryson Reid A , Baerreis David A
Published: July 2016

Procedures and equipment of the laboratory have been described in previous date lists. Wood, charcoal, and peat samples are pretreated with dilute NaOH and dilute H3PO4before conversion to the counting gas methane; marls and lake cores are treated with acid only. Very calcareous materials are treated with HCl instead of H3PO4.
US Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Radiocarbon Measurements I
Authors: Pearson F J , Bodden Martha
Published: July 2016

The Water Resources Division of the US Geological Survey has operated a low-level tritium laboratory since the late 1950's. In 1970, 14C-measuring facilities were added to that laboratory to provide analyses of ground water and other carbonates, primarily for research and field projects of the Division.
Texas A & M University Radiocarbon Dates III
Authors: Lindau C W , Sackett W M , Poag C W
Published: July 2016

This date list is composed of the ages of tests of fossil populations of the foraminiferal species, Amphistegina gibbosa, and algal nodules collected from submerged banks in the N Gulf of Mexico. A Shipek grab sampler was used to collect the Amphistegina gibbosa and a few of the algal nodule samples. Algal nodules from the West Flower Garden Bank were obtained from cores at various intervals as indicated in Sec III.
British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII
Authors: Burleigh Richard , Hewson Andrew , Meeks Nigel
Published: July 2016

The following list consists entirely of dates for archaeologic samples from the British Isles measured since about mid-1970 up to June 1974*. The dates were obtained by liquid scintillation counting of benzene using a Model 3315 Packard Tricarb Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer. In general, procedures are as described in the previous date list (R, 1971, v 13, p 157; see also Burleigh, 1972). However, data processing was improved by means of a real-time link with a Hewlett Packard 2100A computer having 32K of core, which accepts readings from the counter at the end of each individual counting period. The computer monitors the accumulated sample counts and reports when the statistical error terms of these have reached previously chosen limits; final dates are then obtained on supplying the appropriate benzene sample weights and isotopic fractionation values. The system maintains a permanent record of all the data obtained from measurement of samples and reference standards and gives warning of any serious changes in counter performance. A full description of the capabilities of this system is given elsewhere (Hall and Hewson, in press). Finally, improvements were made to the bomb used for initial combustion of sample materials (Burleigh, 1974) and a new, stainless-steel, lithium reaction furnace (similar to that described by Polach and Stipp, 1967) was recently installed.
Washington State University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II
Authors: Sheppard J C , Chatters R M
Published: July 2016

This list of radiocarbon age measurements is for the period 1972–1974. Most of the samples are of archaeologic interest. The pretreatments of samples used are basically those described by Ralph and Michael (1971). All samples were converted to methane using the method developed by Fairhall, Schell, and Takashima (1961) and counted in .5L counting tubes at 2 to 4atm of pressure. The WSU Radiocarbon Laboratory has been relocated to the basement of Dana Hall (three stories) and additional shielding has been added. The backgrounds of the counting tubes are .90 counts/min and have an atmospheric pressure dependence of –.035 counts/min/cm Hg.
Radiocarbon Dates of the Institute of Archaeology III
Authors: Dolukhanov P M , Semyontsov A A , Svezhentsev Yu S , Timofeyev V I , Romanova Ye N , Malanova N S
Published: July 2016

This list contains radiocarbon dates of archaeologic samples of wood, charcoal, and peat measured between 1967 and 1973, analyzed by the Laboratory of the Institute of Archaeology, Leningrad Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences. The samples measured include charcoal from cultural strata and hearths, wood from kurgans and cultural strata, peat, etc, coll from various archaeologic sites by Soviet scientists, as well as a series from Dashly site, Afghanistan.
Vienna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates VII
Authors: Felber Heinz
Published: July 2016

Measurements have continued with the same proportional counter system, pretreatment procedure, methane preparation and measurement, and calculation, as described previously (R, 1970, v 12, p 298-318). Uncertainties quoted are single standard deviations originating from standard, sample, background counting rates and half-life. No13C/12C ratios were measured.
University of Lund Radiocarbon Dates IX
Authors: Håkansson Sören
Published: July 2016

Most of the 14C measurements reported here were made between October 1974 and October 1975. Equipment, measurement, and treatment of samples are the same as reported previously (R, 1968, v 10, p 36-37) except for bone samples (see below).
Tartu Radiocarbon Dates VI
Authors: Ilves E
Published: July 2016

The present list includes 35 dates of geologic samples analyzed at the Geobiochemical Laboratory of the Institute of Zoology and Botany, Academy of Sciences, Estonian SSR. Benzene synthesized from wood dating from 1850 ± 10 yr served as a reference standard. All radiocarbon dates have been calculated using 5568 ± 30 yr before ad 1950 as the half-life of 14C.
Riken Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IX
Authors: Yamasaki Fumio , Hamada Chikako , Hamada Tatsuji
Published: July 2016

The 14C dates given below are continued from our previous list (R, 1974, v 16, p 331-357), and results obtained mainly during 1972-73 are described. A 2.7L stainless steel counter and a 3.3L copper counter are used as previously, yielding background counting rates of 3.9 and 5.6cpm, respectively, when filled with dead CO2 at ca 1.7atm. Dates have been calculated on the basis of the 14C half-life of 5568 ± 30 yr and 95% of NBS oxalic acid is modern standard. Errors (± 1σ) include standard deviations for sample counts, background and modern standard, that of half-life, and, also, effective standard deviations for reading of filling pressure and temperature. No correction has been made for any of the samples in this list.
University of Miami Radiocarbon Dates VIII
Authors: Piepgras D , Stipp J J
Published: July 2016

The following radiocarbon measurements are a partial list of projects and samples dated since January 1975. The technique used is described in R, v 16, pp 402-408 and R, v 18, pp 210-220. Dates are calculated using 14C half-life of 5568 yr and errors are reported as one-standard deviation.
Institut Fondamental D'Afrique Noire Radiocarbon Dates II
Authors: Diop Cheikh Anta
Published: July 2016

Treatment of samples and counting equipment have remained essentially the same as described previously (R, 1974, v 16, p 404-306). Sample CO2 is used to fill a 1.2L steel proportional counter at 740mmHg.
Florence Radiocarbon Dates III
Authors: Azzi C M , Bigliocca L , Gulisano F
Published: July 2016

This list comprises age measurements carried out from January 1976 to July 1976. Dated samples are all of archaeologic interest, from Italian territory. Pretreatment of samples, production of purest CO2 and counting techniques have been described elsewhere (Azzi, 1972; Azzi et al, 1973; Azzi et al, 1974). Ages of samples are calculated using the conventional half-life of 5570 ± 30 yr and refer to 1950. Errors are stated in terms of one standard deviation of counting statistics.
Antwerp University Radiocarbon Dates II
Authors: Vanhoorne R , Van Strydonck M
Published: July 2016

The following list contains most of the measurements made during 1976, since our last list (R, 1976, v 18, p 151-160). Wood and charcoal samples were prepared as previously described (R, 1976, v 18, p 151). Peat samples were treated with cold N/10 NaOH and hot N/10 HCl, washed and dried.
Harwell Radiocarbon Measurements II
Authors: Otlet R L
Published: July 2016

Since publication of Harwell I (R, 1974, v 16, p 178-191) the laboratory has been officially set up to operate a commercial radiocarbon dating service. To accommodate an increased number of samples the combustion and benzene synthesis rigs have been rebuilt as simultaneously-operated twin-line systems.