bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights
Authors: LAST PETER R. , NAYLOR GAVIN J.P. , MANJAJI-MATSUMOTO B. MABEL
Published: July 2016

The higher-level taxonomy of the stingrays (Dasyatidae) has never been comprehensively reviewed. Recent phylogenetic studies, supported by morphological data, have provided evidence that the group is monophyletic and consists of four major subgroups, the subfamilies Dasyatinae, Neotrygoninae, Urogymninae and Hypolophinae. A morphologically based review of 89 currently recognised species, undertaken for a guide to the world’s rays, indicated that most of the currently recognised dasyatid genera are not monophyletic groups. These findings were supported by molecular analyses using the NADH2 gene for about 77 of these species, and this topology is supported by preliminary analyses base on whole mitochondrial genome comparisons. These molecular analyses, based on data generated from the Chondrichthyan Tree of Life project, are the most taxon-rich data available for this family. Material from all of the presently recognised genera (Dasyatis, Pteroplatytrygon and Taeniurops [Dasyatinae]; Neotrygon and Taeniura [Neotrygoninae]; Himantura and Urogymnus [Urogymninae]; and Makararaja and Pastinachus [Hypolophinae]), are included and their validity largely supported. Urogymnus and the two most species rich genera, Dasyatis and Himantura, are not considered to be monophyletic and were redefined based on external morphology. Seven new genus-level taxa are erected (Megatrygon and Telatrygon [Dasyatinae]; Brevitrygon, Fluvitrygon, Fontitrygon, Maculabatis and Pateobatis [Urogymninae], and an additional three (Bathytoshia, Hemitrygon and Hypanus [Dasyatinae]) are resurrected from the synonymy of Dasyatis. The monotypic genus Megatrygon clustered with ‘amphi-American Himantura’ outside the Dasyatidae, and instead as the sister group of the Potamotrygonidae and Urotrygonidae. Megatrygon is provisionally retained in the Dasyatinae pending further investigation of its internal anatomy. The morphologically divergent groups, Bathytoshia and Pteroplatytrygon, possibly form a single monophyletic group so further investigation is needed to confirm the validity of Pteroplatytrygon. A reclassification of the family Dasyatidae is provided and the above taxa are defined based on new morphological data.
A review of species of the genera Protapalochrus Erichson and Paratinoides L. Medvedev (Coleoptera, Malachiidae)
Authors: TSHERNYSHEV SERGEI E.
Published: July 2016

The species of the genera Protapalochrus Evers, 1987 and Paratinoides L. Medvedev, 1964 are reviewed. A new subgenus, Protapalochrus (Latapalochrus) Tshernyshev, subgen. n. with type species P. puncticollis (Wittmer, 1970) is proposed. P. arcticus (L. Medvedev, 1958) comb. n. is transferred from Paratinoides L. Medvedev. Two species, Apalochrus chamaeleon Evers, 1971 syn. n. and Troglocollops eversi Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1988 syn. n. are synonymized under P. puncticollis. The status and position of Apalochrus chamaeleon var. chamaeleonoides Evers, 1971 is discussed. Figures of male external appearance, special structures, genitalia, and distribution map for species are given, and a key to all species of the genus Protapalochrus is provided.
Vulykhia, a new generic replacement name for Concavites Bondarenko & Minzhin 1981 (Anthozoa: Heliolitoidea) non Jeannet 1951 (Cephalopoda: Ammonitida)
Authors: DOWELD ALEXANDER B.
Published: July 2016

The genus Concavites was established by Bondarenko & Minzhin (1981: 110) for fossil Upper Ordovician heliolitoids (Anthozoa) from Mongolian Altaj (Western and Eastern Mongolia, Central Eurasia), Kazakhstan (Northern Tien Shan) and Australia (Gondwana). However, the name is preoccupied by Concavites Jeannet (1951: 34), a fossil ammonite (Cephalopoda: Ammonitida: Oppeliidae), in current use (Arkell & al. 1957).
Description of the female of Catocala toropovi Saldaitis et al. 2014 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , SALDAITIS AIDAS , CHEN LIUSHENG
Published: July 2016

Catocala toropovi Saldaitis, Kons & Borth, 2014 was recently described from the valleys of the Ili and Charyn rivers in southeast Kazakhstan. This species is similar to C. repudiata Staudinger, 1888 and C. optima Staudinger, 1888, but differs on morphological as well as genetic characters (Saldaitis et al. 2014). Catocala toropovi was described based on male specimens, as females were unknown at the time. During studies of Lepidoptera in Xinjiang Province, China, two females of C. toropovi were collected, and this paper provides a brief description and analysis of the female of this species.
Impacts of Local Soil Moisture Anomalies on the Atmospheric Circulation and on Remote Surface Meteorological Fields during Boreal Summer: A Comprehensive Analysis over North America
Authors: Koster Randal D. , Chang Yehui , Wang Hailan , Schubert Siegfried D.
Published: July 2016

A series of stationary wave model (SWM) experiments are performed in which the boreal summer atmosphere is forced, over a number of locations in the continental United States, with an idealized diabatic heating anomaly that mimics the atmospheric heating associated with a dry land surface. For localized heating within a large portion of the continental interior, regardless of the specific location of this heating, the spatial pattern of the forced atmospheric circulation anomaly (in terms of 250-hPa eddy streamfunction) is largely the same: a high anomaly forms over west-central North America and a low anomaly forms to the east. In supplemental atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, similar results are found; imposing soil moisture dryness in the AGCM in different locations within the U.S. interior tends to produce the aforementioned pattern, along with an associated near-surface warming and precipitation deficit in the center of the continent. The SWM-based and AGCM-based patterns generally agree with composites generated using reanalysis and precipitation gauge data. The AGCM experiments also suggest that dry anomalies imposed in the lower Mississippi River valley have remote surface impacts of particularly large spatial extent, and a region along the eastern half of the U.S.–Canadian border is particularly sensitive to dry anomalies in a number of remote areas. Overall, the SWM and AGCM experiments support the idea of a positive feedback loop operating over the continent: dry surface conditions in many interior locations lead to changes in atmospheric circulation that act to enhance further the overall dryness of the continental interior.
Abating inequalities? Job quality at the intersection of class and gender in Finland 1977–2013
Authors: Mustosmäki Armi , Oinas Tomi , Anttila Timo
Published: July 2016

Globalization with its many side-effects on working life is seen to pose accentuated risks especially for women and low skilled workers – resulting in increasing polarization of job quality. In contrast to “universal theories”, institutional theories claim changes in work life might vary according to the institutional and cultural frameworks which mediate the global pressures of change. This study analyses job quality trends in Finland at the intersection of class and gender. The results, based on the Finnish Quality of Work Life survey (1977–2013), find no clear evidence of polarization. In line with the institutional theory’s prediction of a low risk of polarization in coordinated and inclusive Nordic countries, improvements have occurred for blue-collar workers in terms of autonomy and opportunities for development at work, reducing the gap between social classes. Furthermore, the negative sides of work life, such as insecurity and time pressures have become common experiences regardless of social class. The ‘welfare state paradox’ hypothesis on the comparative disadvantage of women in higher positions in the labour market does not gain support in 2013: the upper-white collar women have attained roughly similar levels of job quality to their male counterparts.
From ontological security to cultural trauma
Authors: Zhukova Ekatherina
Published: July 2016

Using the example of the Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe, this article analyses a unique mechanism regarding the transformation of ontological security into ontological insecurity and then cultural trauma. It demonstrates how, from ontological security constructed by the Soviet ideology, Chernobyl moved to ontological insecurity understood as a breakdown in the established beliefs. By blaming the Soviet system in a public sphere, ontological insecurity was transformed into a cultural trauma. The article then presents a comparative analysis of Belarus and Ukraine in their construction of two types of cultural traumas: continuous; and retrospective. In the years 1986–1991, a continuous trauma took place in the form of protests against the established political system. After the directly affected countries received their independence in 1991, a retrospective trauma occurred in the form of recollection of what happened in Chernobyl. The official Belarus media understood the Soviet Union as its golden age and controlled most of the media space; fewer attempts were made to construct the Soviet state as a Chernobyl perpetrator. The official Ukraine media did not consider the Soviet past as its golden age and had a more pluralistic media; there were more instances in which it criticised the Soviet state for irresponsibility.
Dust Library of Plasmonically Enhanced Infrared Spectra of Individual Respirable Particles
Authors: Luthra Antriksh , Ravi Aruna , Li Sirui , Nystrom Steven V. , Thompson Zechariah , Coe James V.
Published: July 2016

This work characterizes collections of infrared spectra of individual dust particles of ∼4 µm size that were obtained from three very different environments: our lab air, a home air filter, and the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center event. Particle collection was done either directly from the air or by placing dust powder from various samples directly on the plasmonic mesh with 5 µm square holes as air is pumped through the mesh. This arrangement enables the recording of “scatter-free” infrared absorption spectra of individual particles of size comparable to the probing wavelengths whose vibrational signatures are otherwise dominated by scattering and dispersive line shape distortions. The spectra are sensitive to the amounts of various infrared active components and analysis using a Mie–Bruggeman model for mixed composition particles provides volume fractions of the components. Inhalation of dust particles of ∼4 µm size has significant health consequences as these are among the largest inhaled into people's lungs. The chemical composition of ∼4 µm respirable particles is of great interest from health, atmospheric, and environmental perspectives as different environments may pose different hazards and spectroscopic challenges.
Automated Text Data Mining Analysis of Five Decades of Educational Leadership Research Literature
Authors: Wang Yinying , Bowers Alex J. , Fikis David J.
Published: July 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the underlying topics and the topic evolution in the 50-year history of educational leadership research literature. Method: We used automated text data mining with probabilistic latent topic models to examine the full text of the entire publication history of all 1,539 articles published in Educational Administration Quarterly ( EAQ) from 1965 to 2014. Given the computationally intensive data analysis required by probabilistic topic models, relying on high-performance computing, we used a 10-fold cross-validation to estimate the model in which we categorized each article in each year into one of 19 latent topics and illustrated the rise and fall of topics over the EAQ’s 50-year history. Findings: Our model identified a total of 19 topics from the 1965 to 2014 EAQ corpus. Among them, five topics—inequity and social justice, female leadership, school leadership preparation and development, trust, and teaching and instructional leadership—gained research attention over the 50-year time period, whereas the research interest appears to have declined for the topic of epistemology of educational leadership since the 2000s. Other topics waxed and waned over the past five decades. Implications: This study maps the temporal terrain of topics in the educational leadership field over the past 50 years and sheds new light on the development and current status of the central topics in educational leadership research literature. More important, the panoramic view of topical landscape provides a unique backdrop as scholars contemplate the future of educational leadership research.
PIN1 Suppresses the Hepatic Differentiation of Pulp Stem Cells via Wnt3a
Authors: Kim H.J. , Cho Y.A. , Lee Y.M. , Lee S.Y. , Bae W.J. , Kim E.C.
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to investigate the role of PIN1 on the hepatic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its signaling pathway, as well as the potential therapeutic effects of hDPSC transplantation and PIN1 inhibition on CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride)–induced liver fibrosis in mice. The in vitro results showed that hepatic differentiation was suppressed by infection with adenovirus-PIN1 and promoted by PIN1 inhibitor juglone via the downregulation of Wnt3a and β-catenin. Compared with treatment with either hDPSC transplantation or juglone alone, the combination of hDPSCs and juglone into CCl4-injured mice significantly suppressed liver fibrosis and restored serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and ammonia. Collectively, the present study shows for the first time that PIN1 inhibition promotes hepatic differentiation of hDPSCs through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, juglone in combination with hDPSC transplantation effectively treats liver fibrosis, suggesting that hDPSC transplantation with PIN1 inhibition may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver injury.
Riding la Bestiá
Authors: Buchanan Lisa Brown , Hilburn Jeremy
Published: July 2016

In this mixed methods study, we examined the responses of 82 preservice teachers to the acclaimed documentary Which Way Home, a film that profiles unaccompanied adolescents who hitchhiked the train system of Central America and Mexico en route to the United States. Using pre- and post-surveys ( n = 82) and focus group interviews ( n = 13), we found that preservice teachers intellectually grappled with immigration counter-stories and demonstrated two shifts in their thinking about immigration and their future teaching. Nested in the frameworks of critical race methodology and Freire’s critical consciousness model, this study illustrates one approach to exploring immigration.
Engaging and Working in Solidarity With Local Communities in Preparing the Teachers of Their Children
Authors: Zeichner Ken , Bowman Michael , Guillen Lorena , Napolitan Kate
Published: July 2016

This article analyzes a programmatic effort in teacher education, “The Community Teaching Strand” (CTS), to engage local community members as mentors of teacher candidates (TCs) in two postgraduate teacher preparation programs in a large research university. Three different conceptions of the nature and purpose of teacher–family–community relations frame the analysis: involving families and communities, engaging families and communities, and working in solidarity with families and communities. Three primary research questions are explored in this article: What do TCs learn through their participation in the CTS? To what extent and how do TCs bring community teaching into their classrooms during the program and as first-year teachers? What programmatic features encouraged and/or constrained TC learning from the community mentors? After describing Mountain City’s “Community Teaching Strand,” the article identifies a set of TC learning and practice outcomes as well as a number of tensions that arose in the programs in the attempt to implement engagement and solidarity approaches to working with families and communities. Finally, the implications of this work for teacher education are discussed.
Reflexes Inhibited by a Prepulse
Authors: Nishiyama Ryoji , Iso Hiroyuki
Published: July 2016

Prepulse inhibition refers to the inhibition of the startle reflexes by a weak stimulus (prepulse) that precedes a strong startle stimulus (pulse). Previous findings suggest that prepulse intensity affects prepulse inhibition amplitude and that prepulse inhibition amplitudes vary across onset intervals between the prepulse and pulse. However, evidence regarding the effect of startle stimulus intensity is still inconclusive, especially due to variations between prepulse inhibition scores calculated by using percentage-type and difference-type formulas. Moreover, the combined effect of startle stimulus and prepulse intensities across onset intervals remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the combined effect as well as the influence of startle response amplitudes on the formulae used for the calculation. The results suggest that startle stimulus intensity could potentially affect results of percentage-type formulae for calculating prepulse inhibition over a wide range of lead intervals. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that a combination of strong startle stimulus intensities and weak prepulse intensities could not induce prepulse inhibition at long onset intervals (1000 ms and 2000 ms).
Influence of Posturographic Protocol on Postural Stability Sways During Bipedal Stance After Ankle Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Sadowska Dorota , Krzepota Justyna
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to analyze the persistence of exercise-induced changes in postural stability and to verify if they last long enough to be captured by two sequential posturographic tests. The study, including 12 healthy young men ( M age = 20.7 year, SD = 0.7), comprised two sessions (Sessions I and II). Each session included one physical exercise, along with two posturographic measurements taken prior to and after the effort, respectively. During Session I, open-eye test was followed by closed-eye test. This order was reversed during Session II, when closed-eye test was followed by open-eye test. The physical exercise protocol included repeated standing dual-heel raise until refusal. Regardless of the test order, markedly stronger effects of exercise-induced fatigue were documented during the first posturographic measurement. Only one reliable posturographic measurement can be taken if the fatigue protocol results in a short-term disruption of postural stability. The adverse effects of exercise-induced fatigue may no longer be observed during the subsequent test. As a result, the extent of post-exercise changes in postural stability may be underestimated leading to erroneous conclusions.
Les jeux vidéo comme instruments de techno-transe
Authors: Triclot Mathieu
Published: July 2016

This article aims to reopen the genealogy of video games, studying the similarities they share with what the author calls ‘techno-trance devices’. These devices, which are contemporary to the first video games in the early 1960s, rely on the creative hijacking of laboratory instruments. They share numerous technical and media properties with video games. Moreover, there are some records of these techno-trance devices being used during religious practices at the time, which might lead to speculation of a latent trance influence in video games as apparatuses. These shared properties between video games and these devices, derived from counterculture, are thus studied through the prism of trance and the debates it fostered in anthropology.
A new generalization of the Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting method for solving the continuous Sylvester equation
Authors: Khojasteh Salkuyeh Davod , Bastani Mehdi
Published: July 2016

The two-parameter generalized Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting (TGHSS) iteration method is applied to solve the continuous Sylvester equation [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The matrix-vector form of the equation is considered to present convergence properties of the TGHSS method. Some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. Comparison with other methods is also included.
Guidance and control of a planar robot manipulator used in an assembly line
Authors: Özkan Bülent
Published: July 2016

Robot manipulators have been successfully utilized in assembly lines within the last few decades. In order to increase productivity and diminish costs, they have been enrolled at several stages of automation, including transportation, welding, mounting and quality control processes of the components that are assembled to construct the entire system. In this study, an unusual method is proposed to make the robot manipulators and moving belts serve accordingly in an efficient manner. To this extent, the motion of a two-link robot manipulator is planned in a continuous fashion by the use of a proper guidance law compatible with the uninterrupted movement of the moving belt upon which the components are placed by means of the manipulator. For this purpose, a control system is built for the manipulator based on its dynamic modelling by regarding the PI (proportional plus integral) control law in accordance with the linear homing guidance law. Moreover, engagement geometry is constructed. Having performed computer simulations, it is observed that the tip point of the manipulator can catch the slot on the belt at speeds from 0.5 to 2.5 m/s for different initial positions and speeds of the tip point from 5.0×10−5 to 0.5 m/s.
Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Mental Health Problems in College Students
Authors: Levin Michael E. , Haeger Jack A. , Pierce Benjamin G. , Twohig Michael P.
Published: July 2016

There are significant challenges in addressing the mental health needs of college students. The current study tested an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), web-based self-help program to treat a broad range of psychological problems students struggle with. A sample of 79 college students was randomized to web-based ACT or a waitlist condition, with assessments at baseline and posttreatment. Results indicated adequate acceptability and program engagement for the ACT website. Relative to waitlist, participants receiving ACT improved on overall distress, general anxiety, social anxiety, depression, academic concerns, and positive mental health. There were no between-group effects on eating concerns, alcohol use, or hostility, or on some key ACT process of change measures. ACT participants improved more on mindful acceptance and obstruction to valued living, both of which mediated treatment outcomes. Results are discussed in the context of lessons learned with the website prototype, and areas for further research are presented.
Surgical resection of a huge ruptured mature mediastinal teratoma
Authors: Acharya Metesh Nalin , De Robertis Fabio , Popov Aron-Frederik , Anastasiou Nikolaos
Published: July 2016

Usually slow-growing and benign, mature mediastinal teratomas are rare clinical entities. They may be complicated by rupture into the pleural or pericardial spaces, lungs, or bronchi. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice and is usually curative. We report the unusual case of a 24-year-old woman presenting 15 weeks postpartum with a huge ruptured mature mediastinal teratoma superinfected with Mycobacterium avium. Catastrophic bleeding from the superior vena cava was encountered on mobilization of adhesions attached to it, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support for control. Histopathological examination confirmed a 12.0 × 7.8 × 4.5-cm differentiated teratoma without malignant transformation.
Relationships Between Ethnic Identity, Ethnic Attitudes, and Acculturative Stress in Tunisian Individuals in Early and Middle Adolescence
Authors: Musso Pasquale , Inguglia Cristiano , Lo Coco Alida
Published: July 2016

Framed from an integrative approach, the current article examined the associations between ethnic identity exploration (EIE), ethnic identity commitment (EIC), and acculturative stress by investigating the mediating role of ethnic attitudes (i.e., in-group favoritism and out-group derogation) in these relationships. Additionally, the moderating role of age was analyzed. A multiple-group path analysis was performed on data collected from 256 Tunisians in early and 248 in middle adolescence living in Italy, which is an interesting and understudied immigrant group characterized by similarities and differences with the host population. In younger adolescents, EIE and EIC were indirectly and positively related to acculturative stress via the mediating role of in-group favoritism and out-group derogation. In older adolescents, EIE was related to higher levels of EIC, which, in turn, was predictive of acculturative stress. The findings are discussed in light of the theoretical framework, research context and limitations, and implications for practice are presented.
Preoperative prediction of suboptimal resection in advanced ovarian cancer based on clinical and CT parameters
Authors: Son Hye Min , Kim See Hyung , Kwon Bo Ra , Kim Mi Jeong , Kim Chan Sun , Cho Seung Hyun
Published: July 2016

Background

Cytoreduction is important as a survival predictor in advanced ovarian cancer.

Purpose

To determine the prediction of suboptimal resection (SOR) in advanced ovarian cancer based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) parameters.

Material and Methods

Between 2007 and 2015, 327 consecutive patients with FIGO stage III–IV ovarian cancer and preoperative CT were included. During 2007–2012, patients were assigned to a derivation dataset ( n = 220) and the others were assigned to a validation dataset ( n = 107). Clinical parameters were reviewed and two radiologists assessed the presence or absence of tabulated parameters on CT images. Logistic regression analyses based on area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were performed to identify variables predicting SOR, and generated simple score using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

There was no statistical difference in patients’ characteristics in both datasets, except for residual disease ( P = 0.001). Optimal resection improved from 45.0% (99/220) in the derivation dataset to 64.4% (69/107) in the validation dataset. Logistic regression identified that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-performance status (ECOG-PS 2), involvements of peritoneum, diaphragm, bowel mesentery and suprarenal lymph nodes, and pleural effusion were independent variables of SOR. Overall AUROC for score predicting SOR was 0.761 with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 70.6%, 73.2%, 68.7%, and 91.9%, respectively. In the derivation dataset, AUROC was 0.792, with sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 74.3%, and AUROC of 0.758 with sensitivity of 69.2% and specificity of 72.8% in the validation dataset.

Conclusion

CT may be a useful preoperative predictor of SOR in advanced ovarian cancer.
Renal contrast microangiography with synchrotron radiation: a novel method for visualizing structures within nephrons in vivo
Authors: Miya Ken , Matsushita Shonosuke , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Tokunaga Chiho , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Mizutani Taro , Hiramatsu Yuji
Published: July 2016

Background

No non-invasive method of observing renal microcirculation in vivo has been established as yet. Although angiography is considered to be ideally suited for the purpose, conventional X-rays cannot be used to image structures smaller than 100 µm.

Purpose

To develop a method for visualizing the renal arterioles, glomeruli, and proximal tubules of rats in vivo making use of synchrotron radiation.

Material and Methods

Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and a catheter was inserted via laparotomy into the abdominal aorta with its tip placed above the renal arteries. The rats were paralyzed with a neuromuscular blocking agent and mechanically ventilated. An inorganic iodine contrast medium was injected via the catheter. The SR derived X-rays transmitted through the subjects were recorded with a CCD camera. Two-dimensional images with a pixel size of 9 µm were obtained. The exposure time was fixed at 50 ms, with a maximum acquisition rate of three images/s.

Results

Renal arterioles as small as 18 µm in diameter, glomeruli with an average diameter of 173 ± 21 µm, as well as proximal tubules, were clearly visualized. In addition, glomerular density at the peripheral renal cortex was measurable.

Conclusion

Rat renal microcirculation could be successfully observed in real-time, without exteriorization of the kidney in this study.
Effects of background music on socially reinforced problem behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Lanovaz Marc J. , Huxley Sarah C.
Published: July 2016

Prior research has shown that background music may be effective at reducing problem behaviors maintained by non-social (sensory) reinforcement in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, no study has examined the effects of background music on socially-reinforced problem behaviors, which are also common in this population. Thus, the purpose of our study was to extend previous research by examining the effects of background music on engagement in problem behaviors maintained by social reinforcement in children with ASD. Following a music preference assessment and a functional analysis, we used an alternating-treatment design to examine the effects of background music on problem behaviors in three children with ASD. Background music produced clear reductions in problem behaviors for one participant and marginal reductions in a second participant. Albeit preliminarily, our results indicate that background music may reduce engagement in problem behaviors maintained by access to other socially-mediated reinforcers.
New strategy for testing new high nitrogen bearing steel for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Belfiore Nicola Pio , Arcobello Varlese Francesca , Battistella Fabio , Blass Toni , Cabral Ana Maria , Diehl Volkher , Gonzalez Garcia José Ramón , Gorjão Paula F. , Holweger Walter , Kohlhepp Matt , Christiansen Thomas Lundin , Ritzenhoff Roman , Stocchi Domenico , Trojahn Werner , Dahl Kristian Vinter
Published: July 2016

This article presents some results obtained during the first stage of the European Union project titled “STEELWIND,” a part of which has been dedicated to roller–race contact dynamics. Contact has been modeled qualitatively using viscous-elastic friction, in the sliding regions, and hysteresis-modified Hertzian pressure in the whole contact zone. Slip and stick areas are detected within the contact area where the sliding velocity may have both opposite directions parallel to the entraining velocity. Considering the complexity of the hybrid rolling–sliding–sticking conditions, the developed model, although simplified, can be helpful to develop a sliding–rolling test by means of a standard reciprocator stand, where nonsymmetrical and mobile configurations of the testing race samples are introduced.
The added value of an electronic monitoring and alerting system in the management of medication-overuse headache: A controlled multicentre study
Authors: Tassorelli Cristina , Jensen Rigmor , Allena Marta , De Icco Roberto , Katsarava Zaza , Miguel Lainez J , Leston Jorge A , Fadic Ricardo , Spadafora Santiago , Pagani Marco , Nappi Giuseppe ,   the COMOESTAS Consortium
Published: July 2016

Background

Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a chronic disabling condition associated with a high rate of relapse.

Methods

We evaluated whether the adoption of electronic-assisted monitoring, advice and communication would improve the outcome over a follow-up of 6 months in a controlled, multicentre, multinational study conducted in six headache centres located in Europe and Latin America. A total of 663 MOH subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups: the Comoestas group was monitored with an electronic diary associated with an alert system and a facilitated communication option, and the Classic group with a paper headache diary.

Results

We observed a significantly higher percentage of overuse-free subjects in the Comoestas group compared with the Classic group: 73.1 vs 64.1% (odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.09, p = 0.046). The Comoestas group performed better also regarding the number of days/month with intake of acute drugs and the level of disability [Migraine Disability Assessment Score: Comoestas group – 42.5 ± 53.6 (35.5–49.3) and Classic group – 27.5 ± 56.1 (20.6–34.3) ( p < 0.003)].

Conclusion

The adoption of the electronic tool improved the outcome of patients suffering from MOH after withdrawal from overused drugs. Information and communication technology represents a valid aid for optimizing the management of chronic conditions at risk of worsening or of relapsing.

Trial registration

The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT02435056).
Hidden Stages of Cognition Revealed in Patterns of Brain Activation
Authors: Anderson John R. , Pyke Aryn A. , Fincham Jon M.
Published: July 2016

To advance cognitive theory, researchers must be able to parse the performance of a task into its significant mental stages. In this article, we describe a new method that uses functional MRI brain activation to identify when participants are engaged in different cognitive stages on individual trials. The method combines multivoxel pattern analysis to identify cognitive stages and hidden semi-Markov models to identify their durations. This method, applied to a problem-solving task, identified four distinct stages: encoding, planning, solving, and responding. We examined whether these stages corresponded to their ascribed functions by testing whether they are affected by appropriate factors. Planning-stage duration increased as the method for solving the problem became less obvious, whereas solving-stage duration increased as the number of calculations to produce the answer increased. Responding-stage duration increased with the difficulty of the motor actions required to produce the answer.
Free vibration analysis of embedded functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite conical/cylindrical shells and annular plates using a numerical approach
Authors: Ansari R , Torabi J , Faghih Shojaei M
Published: July 2016

Free vibration analysis of embedded functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) conical, cylindrical shells and annular plates is carried out using the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) method. Pasternak-type elastic foundation is taken into consideration. It is assumed that the functionally graded nanocomposite materials have the continuous material properties defined according to extended rule of mixture. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory, the energy functional of the structure is calculated. Applying the generalized differential quadrature method and periodic differential operators in axial and circumferential directions, respectively, the discretized form of the energy functional is derived. Based on Hamilton’s principle and using the VDQ method, the reduced forms of mass and stiffness matrices are obtained. The comparison and convergence studies of the present numerical method are first performed and then various numerical results are presented. It is found that the volume fractions and functionally grading of carbon nanotubes play important roles in the vibrational characteristics of FG-CNTRC cylindrical, conical shells and annular plates.
Finite element modeling of cable galloping vibrations. Part II: Application to an iced cable in 1:2 multiple internal resonance
Authors: Foti Francesco , Martinelli Luca
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to validate the finite element formulations proposed in a companion paper for the study of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of cable structures. A well-known suspended cable in multiple 1:2 “internal resonance” conditions is herein considered. A uniform ice deposit, along the length of the cable, makes it prone to galloping vibrations under a steady wind flow. Different modeling strategies, relying on different assumptions regarding both the mechanical model as well as the aerodynamic response, are investigated and compared with results coming from analytical, semi-analytical and numerical models from the literature. The role of torsional and flexural stiffness terms, and of the initial undeformed configuration, is critically assessed. The results obtained show the significant effect coming from the adoption of a beam finite element formulation that includes the effect of torsional rotation in the evaluation of the aerodynamic loads.
Lipid dynamics in blended wheat and non-wheat flours breadmaking matrices: Impact on fresh and aged composite breads
Authors: Collar Concha , Conte Paola
Published: July 2016

The use of pseudocereals, legumes and ancient grains for breadmaking applications is receiving particular attention since they involve nutrient dense grains with proven health-promoting attributes. Dilution up to 45% of the basic wheat flour matrix by accumulative ternary addition of teff, green pea and buckwheat flours did significantly impact both the extractability and distribution of lipid subfractions in composite flours, doughs and breads, and induced differentiated dynamics in lipid binding along breadmaking. During mixing, a preferential covalent lipid binding to the inside part of the starch granules takes place at the expenses of both accessible free lipids and lipids initially bound non-covalently to the gluten/non-gluten proteins and to the outside part of the starch granules. During fermentation and later baking a preferential lipid binding to the gluten/non-gluten proteins and to the outside and inside starch granules takes place at the expenses of both a free lipid displacement and a bound lipid translocation to new protein and starch active sites. It can be noticed that the larger the accumulation of both protein- and starch-bound lipids over fermentation and baking, the higher physic-chemical and sensory profiles, and the slower starch hydrolysis, firming and retrogradation kinetics of composite breads were obtained.
What hostile and benevolent sexism communicate about men’s and women’s warmth and competence
Authors: Ramos Miguel , Barreto Manuela , Ellemers Naomi , Moya Miguel , Ferreira Lúcia
Published: July 2016

Ambivalent sexism theory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) distinguishes between two interrelated forms of sexism: Hostile and benevolent. Although this theory motivated a large body of work examining how endorsement of these views impacts on social interactions and women’s performance, no research has yet examined what these forms of sexism are seen to communicate about men and women. We report three studies examining the image that benevolent and hostile sexist messages are seen to describe (Studies 1 and 2) and prescribe for men and women (Study 3). Results show that both benevolent and hostile sexism were seen to convey that women are and should be less competent than men. Additionally, benevolent sexism was seen as describing and prescribing women to be warmer than did hostile sexism. Across all studies men and women agreed about what the messages communicate about men and women. We discuss the implications of these results for the understanding of how stereotypical beliefs are perpetuated.
Research Note: On the magnitude of error in the calculation of mean room surface exitance
Authors: Duff JT
Published: July 2016

Two formulae currently exist for calculating mean room surface exitance. This research note explains and demonstrates that one of these formulae is erroneous under certain conditions and stresses that the alternative expression should generally be used for computing mean room surface exitance.
A History of the Academy of Human Resource Development
Authors: Watkins Karen E.
Published: July 2016

The Problem

As the founders of the Academy of Human Resource Development [AHRD] begin to retire, the story of the evolution of this academic field has not been captured.

The Solution

This issue looks at the early beginnings of an academic emphasis in human resource development (HRD) and the professional association they formed to support and enhance academic programs from the voices of those who have played key roles in the founding of the Academy.

The Stakeholders

What is important to practitioners to know is that this association is part of a larger process of professionalization and certification of practitioners in the field. These efforts have the potential to ensure that all who practice in HRD are recognized as professionals with a unique body of knowledge. For scholars, theory development in HRD has been a significant thrust of several of the scholars included in this issue, and some of the articles proposed have the potential to identify areas where we need to encourage new theory development. Practitioners will find a thread that connects the mission of the AHRD to advance the profession through research with the way HRD professionals are educated at the institutions offering these degrees. At the same time, in the reciprocal and reflexive nature of this field, practice also helps shape the research agenda.
Light and the City: Breast Cancer Risk Factors Differ Between Urban and Rural Women in Israel
Authors: Keshet-Sitton Atalya , Or-Chen Keren , Yitzhak Sara , Tzabary Ilana , Haim Abraham
Published: July 2016

Women are exposed to indoor and outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) in urban and rural environments. Excessive exposure to hazardous ALAN containing short wavelength light may suppress pineal melatonin production and lead to an increased breast cancer (BC) risk. Our objective was to address the differences in BC risks related to light exposure in urban and rural communities. We examined indoor and outdoor light habits of BC patients and controls that had lived in urban and rural areas in a 5-year period, 10 to 15 years before the time of the study. Individual data, night time sleeping habits and individual exposure to ALAN habits were collected using a questionnaire. A total of 252 women (110 BC patients and 142 controls) participated in this study. The sample was divided to subgroups according to dwelling area and disease status. Age matching was completed between all subgroups. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for urban and rural women separately, using binary logistic regression. OR results of urban population (92 BC patients and 72 control) revealed that BC risk increases with daily use of cellphone (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.01-4.49, P < .05) and residence near strong ALAN sources (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.99-2.30, P < .06). Nevertheless, BC risk decreases if a woman was born in Israel (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.21-0.93, P < .03), longer sleep duration (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.53-1.05, P < .1), and reading with bed light illumination before retiring to sleep (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.96, P < .02). Furthermore, in the rural population (18 BC patients and 66 control) BC risk increases with the number of years past since the last menstruation (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03-1.22, P < .01). However, BC risk decreases with longer sleep duration (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.24-1.14, P < .1), reading with room light illumination before retiring to sleep (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.29-1.06, P < .07), and sleeping with closed shutters during the night (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.41-1.04, P < .08). These data support the idea that indoor and outdoor nighttime light exposures differ between urban and rural women. Therefore, we suggest that women can influence BC risk and incidence by applying protective personal lighting habits. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to strengthen the results.
Doxorubicin resistance mediated by cytoplasmic macrophage colony-stimulating factor is associated with switch from apoptosis to autophagic cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Mengxia , Zhang Hailiang , Tang Fan , Wang Yuhua , Mo Zhongcheng , Lei Xiaoyong , Tang Shengsong
Published: July 2016

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a vital factor in maintaining the biological function of monocyte–macrophage lineage. It is expressed in many tumor tissues and cancer cells. Recent findings indicate that macrophage colony-stimulating factor might contribute to chemoresistance, but the precise mechanisms are unclear. This study was to explore the effect of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the possible mechanism. In the study, the human breast cancer cells, MCF-7, were transfected with macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We document that cytoplasmic macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces doxorubicin resistance and inhibits apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Further studies demonstrated that cytoplasmic macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated apoptosis inhibition was dependent on the activation of PI3K/Akt/Survivin pathway. More importantly, we found that macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced autophagic cell death in doxorubicin-treated MCF-7 cells. Taken together, we show for the first time that macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced doxorubicin resistance is associated with the changes in cell death response with defective apoptosis and promotion of autophagic cell death.
A Descriptive Model of Computer Code Trustworthiness
Authors: Alarcon Gene M. , Militello Laura G. , Ryan Patrick , Jessup Sarah A. , Calhoun Christopher S. , Lyons Joseph B.
Published: July 2016

Trust and trustworthiness judgments have been studied in the context of social, business, and romantic relationships as well as between humans and automation. This article extends the prior research to explore how programmers assess code for trustworthiness when asked to reuse existing computer code. We used cognitive task analysis methods to explore experienced programmers’ first-person perspectives on code reuse. We elicited specific cues and strategies used to assess trustworthiness in real-world scenarios. Using qualitative analysis techniques, we grouped cues into three trustworthiness factors: performance, transparency, and reputation. We also identified environmental factors that influence acceptable levels of trust, including customer needs and requirements, organizational resources and constraints, and consequences of failure. We propose a descriptive model based on these findings. These findings have important implications for organizations that intend to reuse, adapt, and extend code over time. Writing code with the factors such as reputation, transparency, and performance in mind will increase the likelihood that it will be trusted in the near term and be reusable in the future. Furthermore, this research provides an important foundation for future studies exploring trusting behaviors, individual differences, and the ability to detect malicious code.