bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational interventions to improve student nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, or willingness to work with older people: a systematic review of quantitative findings
Authors: Tao Xingjuan , MacAndrew Margaret , Dahlke Sherry , Butler Jeffrey I. , Rayner Jo , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre , Parker Christina
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this systematic literature review of quantitative findings was to examine the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve gerontological knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to work with older people in baccalaureate nursing students. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in five databases. Quality assessment was conducted using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 papers were included in the review. The overall quality of studies included was moderate. The interventions were classified as education content, simulation or immersion experiences, clinical placement, or a combination of these pedagogical approaches. Majority of studies demonstrated improvement in knowledge and attitudes but there was a limited change in willingness to work with older people. There is insufficient evidence to make recommendations for the most effective educational intervention for enhancing bachelor of nursing students’ willingness to engage in gerontological care.
The impact of using DeepL Translator on Chinese EFL students’ story writing
Authors: Liang Lijin
Published: November 2024

Story writing is a complex task for EFL students. With the rise of various writing assistance tools enabled by the development of AI, it has become crucial to explore how AI-assisted tools can alleviate the challenges students face in story writing. This study investigated the impact of using DeepL Translator, a cutting-edge AI-assisted tool, on Chinese EFL students’ story writing, evaluating both form and content, and analyzing students’ attitudes toward these tools. Based on the translanguaging approach, thirty university students first wrote their stories in Chinese, then drafted them in English. They used DeepL Translator to translate their Chinese stories into English and compared these translations with their original English drafts to create revised versions. Computational analysis and human raters were employed to evaluate students’ writing products. Surveys and interviews were used to obtain students’ attitudes. Results showed significant improvements in linguistic form, including syntactic and lexical complexity, fluency, and accuracy, assessed using the CALF framework. Additionally, content quality was significantly improved. This study also found that DeepL Translator provided significant support for lower proficiency students. Participants expressed overall satisfaction with DeepL Translator despite some challenges. This study highlights the role of AI-assisted tools in language learning and offers practical suggestions for language pedagogy and future research.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) during pregnancy
Authors: Stampini Viviana , Aquino Carmen Imma , Airoldi Chiara , Parini Sara , Surico Daniela , Remorgida Valentino
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Approximately one-third of the global population uses complementary medicine, as yoga and meditation, not endorsed by evidence-based conventional medicine and, with more difficulties in case of pregnancy.

Methods

Our study investigates the prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) usage in Novara (Italy) and its province through a survey to pregnant women at 36 gestational weeks.

Results

The sample consisted of 70 women, average age of 33 years, most Caucasian, highly educated, mostly employed, under private gynecological care, with a prevalence of CAM use of 24.3 % [95 % CI 14.83; 36.01]. Six women (35.3 %) did not inform their healthcare provider of using these medicines, 15 women (88.2 %) express willingness to use complementary medicine in their next pregnancy, while 2 (11.8 %) are uncertain. The study found a significant association between higher education and CAM usage among pregnant women. Other factors, including nationality, occupation, choice of private practice, parity, physical activity, diet, smoking, pregnancy complications, and vaccination status, did not show significant relationships with CAM usage.

Conclusions

Our objective is to delineate the characteristics of CAM users, explore the methodologies and motivations of their usage, and ascertain any correlations with the rejection of conventional vaccination practices. The analyzed population consists of 70 women aged 32.9 years in mean, mostly Caucasian, with a high level of education. Most women are under private gynecological care (84.3 %), half of the participants are experiencing their first pregnancy. Physical activity levels vary, with 34.3 % reporting high activity levels. Regarding diet, 77.1 % consider their eating habits moderately healthy, with a notable portion of smokers women (24.3 %); 20.0 % have experienced pregnancy complications. 17 participants utilized non-conventional or alternative medicine, with a prevalence of 24.3 [95 % CI 14.83; 36.01]. Six women (35.3 %) did not inform their healthcare provider about using CAM. Seven women (46.7 %) claim significant beneficial effects in most cases, while 8 (53.3 %) state this occasionally. Based on their experiences, 15 women (88.2 %) express willingness to use complementary alternative medicine in their subsequent pregnancy, while 2 (11.8 %) are uncertain. Only one person (11.1 %) used this type of therapy as a substitute for conventional treatment, but they informed their attending physician. The study seeks to enhance our understanding of CAM utilization in pregnancy, informing more comprehensive and evidence-based healthcare practices for expectant mothers.
A word order typology of adnominal person
Authors: Höhn Georg F.K.
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates cross-linguistic variation in the expression of adnominal person (pers

n
; cf. English “we linguists”) based on a survey of 114 languages, focusing on word order. Two subtypes are distinguished according to whether pers

n
is expressed by an independent pronoun as in English or by a morphologically dependent marker. Prenominal adnominal pronouns are the most common type of pers

n
marking overall, while the morphologically dependent markers are predominantly postnominal (or phrase-final). The order of pers

n
marking relative to its accompanying noun is shown to interact with head-directionality (VO/OV-order, position of dependent genitives, adpositions) and with the position of demonstrative modifiers (prenominal/postnominal) using generalised linear mixed-effects models. Theoretical implications and possible explanations for deviations are discussed concerning variation in the encoding of pers

n
as head or phrasal modifier and its (lack of) co-categoriality with demonstratives.
Domestic Mobility and Relational Equality
Authors: Lenard Patti Tamara
Published: November 2024

My focus is on how democratic states restrict, constrain and shape the movement of citizens and residents across their territory. My central claim is that a focus on equal relations between them, as relational egalitarians emphasize, can show where restrictions on movement are permissible or problematic. Over the course of the discussion, I offer many examples, as well as four cases in which I assess specific movement-related policies for whether they are violations of relational equality: exclusionary zoning, eminent domain, resettlement of isolated communities and no-fly lists. These analyses are neither extensive nor exhaustive, but I hope they are sufficient to demonstrate that relational egalitarians should be concerned with whether citizens and residents can move freely and to indicate how a relational egalitarian can evaluate movement-related policies as to whether they support or undermine the ability of citizens and residents to interact as social equals.
Paper fingerprint by forming fabric: analysis of periodic marks with 2D lab formation sensor and machine learning for forensic paper-identification
Authors: Jeong Chang Woo , Lee Yong Ju , Chang Shin Yun , Choi Mi Jung , Kim Hyoung Jin
Published: November 2024

Weave and drainage marks on paper surfaces derived from forming fabrics installed in paper machines were examined. Non-destructive differentiation of copy papers from various manufacturers was performed by a 2D Lab Formation Sensor. Individual characteristics such as angles and wavelengths formed by the fabric were selected as parameters for the analysis. These parameters were sampled from a total of 500 papers: 50 sheets of paper from each of the 10 groups by copy paper manufacturers. Using machine learning algorithms such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and naive bayes (NB) models to analyze these parameters allows for the identification of copy paper groups by manufacturers. The NB classifier demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.973 even with a 50 % reduction in input variables. This study shows that periodic marks on paper surfaces can act as important indicators of the forming fabric and the distinct features of a paper-making machine. In general, this paper proposes that the 2D Lab Formation Sensor along with machine learning models can be utilized for non-destructive copy paper categorization. This identification method could be broadened to determine information regarding suspicious documents for forensic identification purposes.
Characterization of sludge from a cellulose pulp mill for its potential biovalorization
Authors: Alves Filipe dos Santos , Condezo Castro Tatiana Aurora , Gonçalves Lindomar Matias , Pedroza Marcelo Mendes , Coutinho de Paula Eduardo , Cardoso Marcelo
Published: November 2024

This study collected sludge samples from the kraft pulp mills of a Brazilian industry and physicochemically characterized them to investigate their biovalorization. The objective was to identify opportunities to produce value-added products, promoting the circular economy and environmentally appropriate destinations. The types of processes and raw materials influence sludge characteristics. The primary sludge was composed mainly of fibers and water, has a slightly alkaline pH, Carbon:Nitrogen (C:N) ratio is high attributed to fibers, and contains calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and organic carbon. The biological sludge was rich in proteins, bacterial cells, and minerals. The analyses revealed functional groups such as hydroxyls and aliphatic methylene, high concentrations of carbon and oxygen, a fibrous and crystalline structure of cellulose in the primary sludge, and dense microparticles in the biological sludge. Thermogravimetry found a mass loss of 11 % and final combustion at 742 °C for the biological sludge. The primary sludge showed a mass loss of 38 % with peaks at 329 and 784 °C, which suggests that the primary sludge could be used as fuel. Potential routes for the use of the primary and biological sludge included its use as agricultural fertilizer, thermal processing, biochar, and production of activated carbon, despite the low calorific values.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПЕРОКСИДНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ БАШКИРСКОГО ЛИПОВОГО МЕДА НА АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ
Authors: М.М. КАНЧУРИНА , Р.Ф. ТАЛИПОВ , Р.Н. КАИПКУЛОВ , Е.С. САЛТЫКОВА , Л.Р. ГАЙФУЛЛИНА , М.Д. КАСКИНОВА
Published: November 2024

Башкирский липовый мед известен не только своим неповторимым ароматом и нежным вкусом, но и лечебными антибактериальными свойствами. Одним из компонентов, отвечающих за бактерицидные свойства меда, является пероксид водорода, который образуется в результате ферментативного окисления глюкозы до глюконовой кислоты под действием вырабатываемого пчелами фермента глюкозооксидазы. В литературе отсутствуют данные об изучении пероксидных антибактериальных свойств башкирского меда. Настоящее исследование посвящено количественному определению содержания пероксида водорода в башкирском липовом меде, собранном из различных природно-сельскохозяйственных зон Республики Башкортостан. Согласно результатам мелиссопалинологического анализа, все изученные 39 образцов меда являются цветочными монофлорными липовыми медами. Концентрация пероксида водорода в них колеблется в пределах 0-51.97 мг/кг•ч. Высокое разнообразие в чувствительности исследованных штаммов условно-патогенных микроорганизмов Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli и Pseudomonas aeruginosa к испытанным образцам липового меда дает основание полагать о наличии как пероксидного, так и непероксидного механизмов антибактериальной активности. Непероксидная антибактериальная активность может быть обусловлена медовыми компонентами пчелиного, растительного и микробного происхождения: органическими кислотами, антимикробными белками и пептидами, а также бактериоцинами.

Bashkir linden honey is known not only for its unique aroma and delicate taste, but also for its medicinal antibacterial properties. One of the components responsible for the bactericidal properties of honey is hydrogen peroxide, which is formed as a result of enzymatic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid by glucose oxidase, the enzyme produced by bees. However, there are no data in the literature on the studies of the peroxide antibacterial properties of Bashkir honey. The present study deals with the quantitative determination of the hydrogen peroxide content in Bashkir linden honey collected from various natural and agricultural zones of the Republic of Bashkortostan. According to the results of the melissopalynological analysis, all the studied 39 honey samples are floral monofloral linden honey. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in all samples ranges within 0-51.97 mg/kg h. The high diversity in the sensitivity of the investigated strains of opportunistic microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the tested samples of linden honey suggests the presence of both peroxide and non-peroxide mechanisms of antibacterial activity. Non-peroxide antibacterial activity can be represented by the honey components of bee, plant and microbial origin: organic acids, antimicrobial proteins and peptides, as well as bacteriocins.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ МЕХАНОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА ПРОЦЕСС ЭТОКСИЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ БЕНЗОЙНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ
Authors: С.Л. ХИЛЬКО , Р.А. МАКАРОВА , Р.Г. СЕМЕНОВА , О.И. НЕВЕЧЕРЯ
Published: November 2024

Изучены закономерности протекания реакции этоксилирования производных бензойной кислоты при взаимодействии с полиэтиленгликолем, осуществляемой методом механохимического твердофазного синтеза в вибрационном аппарате. Проанализированы условия проведения механохимических реакций для увеличения степени превращения исходных реагентов в продукты реакции. Продукты реакции этоксилирования охарактеризованы методами ИК-спектроскопии, кислотно-основного потенциометрического титрования, тензиометрии и дилатационной реологии. Установлено, что степень превращения исходных реагентов в продукты реакции этоксилирования зависит от природы заместителя и его положения в бензольном кольце. Степень превращения в продукты реакции выше в случае орто-замещенных производных бензойной кислоты. Показано, что соли этоксилированных производных бензойной кислоты проявляют выраженные поверхностно-активные свойства на границе раздела "раствор - воздух".

The regularities of ethoxylation of benzoic acid derivatives during interaction with polyethylene glycol through mechanochemical solid-phase synthesis in a vibrating apparatus have been studied. The conditions for carrying out mechanochemical reactions to increase the conversion degree of initial reagents into reaction products are analysed. The products of ethoxylation are characterized by IR spectroscopy, acid-base potentiometric titration, tensiometry, and dilatational rheology. It has been established that the degree of starting reagents conversion into ethoxylation products depends on the nature of the substituent and its position in the benzene ring. The degree of conversion into reaction products is higher for ortho-substituted derivatives of benzoic acid. It is shown that the salts of ethoxylated derivatives of benzoic acid exhibit pronounced surfactant properties at the air - solution interface.
Thrombotic Disorders in the Newborn
Authors: Knopoff Karyssa , Ostilla Lorena , Morocco Perry , Myers Patrick
Published: November 2024

The coagulation and thrombotic systems of an infant are fundamentally different from those of adults and older children. Hemostatic factors have inherently lower circulation levels in infants and are also affected prenatally by conditions of pregnancy. The unique physiology of neonates can contribute to a procoagulant state, which can result in a high level of morbidity and mortality. This review outlines the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management, and etiologies of congenital and acquired forms of thrombotic disorders, with a discussion of the evaluation for hypercoagulation.
Compliance Corner: Incident-to Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2024

This article reviews incident-to policy or incident-to billing, a non-facility billing and payment policy. The following topics are addressed:

What is an incident-to policy? When does an incident-to policy apply? When does incident-to policy not apply? Payer application of incident-to policy
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter
™ December 2024 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2024

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Interventions to Reduce Imaging in Children With Minor Traumatic Head Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lesyk Nick , Kirkland Scott W. , Villa-Roel Cristina , Campbell Sandra , Krebs Lynette D. , Sevcik Bill , Essel Nana Owusu , Rowe Brian H.
Published: November 2024

CONTEXT

Reducing unnecessary imaging in emergency departments (EDs) for children with minor traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) has been encouraged.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to systematically review the effectiveness of interventions to decrease imaging in this population.

DATA SOURCES

Eight electronic databases and the gray literature were searched.

STUDY SELECTION

Comparative studies assessing ED interventions to reduce imaging in children with mTBIs were eligible.

DATA EXTRACTION

Two independent reviewers screened studies, completed a quality assessment, and extracted data. The median of relative risks with interquartile range (IQR) are reported. A multivariable metaregression identified predictors of relative change in imaging.

RESULTS

Twenty-eight studies were included, and most (79%) used before–after designs. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule was the most common intervention (71%); most studies (75%) used multifaceted interventions (median components: 3; IQR: 1.75 to 4). Before–after studies assessing multi-faceted PECARN interventions reported decreased computed tomography (CT) head imaging (relative risk = 0.73; IQR: 0.60 to 0.89). Higher baseline imagine (P < .001) and additional intervention components (P = .008) were associated with larger imaging decreases.

LIMITATIONS

The limitations of this study include the inconsistent reporting of important outcomes and that the results are based on non-randomized studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementing interventions in EDs with high baseline CT ordering using complex interventions was more likely to reduce head imaging in children with mTBIs. Including the PECARN decision rule in the intervention strategy decreased orders by a median of 27%. Further research could provide insight into which specific factors influence successful implementation and sustained effects.
Characteristics of Children Ages 1–17 Who Died of COVID-19 in 2020–2022 in the United States
Authors: Dykstra Heather K. , Pilkey Diane , Tautges Jordan , Schnitzer Patricia G. , Collier Abigael , Kinsman Sara B.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

This study describes characteristics of children ages 1 to 17 years who died of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020 to 2022 and whose deaths were reviewed by child death review (CDR) teams across the United States.

METHODS

We used data in the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System to examine children who died of COVID-19. Deaths were determined because of COVID-19 from death certificates or CDR determinations.

RESULTS

A total of 183 children 1 to 17 years old who died of COVID-19 were reported in the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System. One-third (33%) were 15- to 17-year-olds, and 26% were 1- to 4-year-olds. Fifty-six percent were reported as male, 54% white, 24% Black, and 18% Hispanic ethnicity. Physicians declared cause of death in at least 82% of deaths. More than two-thirds (68%) had a medical condition (excluding COVID-19) at time of death. The most common conditions were nervous system disorders (19%), congenital disorders (14%), obesity (12%), respiratory disorders (12%), and neurodevelopmental disorders (10%). Of children with an underlying condition, 35% had 3 or more conditions. Less than half (42%) had contact with a health care provider within a month of their death; and three-fourths died within 14 days of exposure.

CONCLUSIONS

This study describes the demographics, death investigation findings, and medical conditions of children who died of COVID-19. The results highlight the short timeline between COVID-19 exposure and death. Pandemic planning that prioritizes prevention efforts and timely access to effective medical care may result in saving children’s lives.
Clinical Care of Acne Vulgaris for Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth
Authors: Zimmer Adam , Hodax Juanita K. , Zaenglein Andrea L. , Boos Markus D.
Published: November 2024

Primary care providers have reported feeling ill-equipped to care for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients because of lack of training, and their treatment of acne has been shown to be variable and not standardized. This is an important practice gap, as TGD youth represent a historically underserved population in medicine, despite data suggesting that up to 9.2% of high school–age adolescents identify as TGD. Although needs and expectations for quality health-care in TGD youth do not necessarily differ from their cisgender peers, TGD adolescents have unique considerations in their care and are at risk for negative social and emotional outcomes secondary to minority stress, discrimination, and rejection by peers and family. Acne is estimated to affect approximately 85% of adolescents and is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, and depression. As such, knowledgeable and culturally informed care of acne in TGD adolescents has important implications for quality of life for patients who desire effective treatment. This review article addresses these practice gaps by summarizing an approach to acne evaluation and management with an emphasis on appropriate regimens for TGD youth, and the unique psychosocial and medical considerations for this population.
The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Speaking, 1st Edition. T. M. Derwing, M. J. Munro and R. I. Thomson
Authors: Hammer Kate
Published: November 2024

The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Speaking, 1st Edition. T. M. Derwing, M. J. Munro and R. I. Thomson (2022). Routledge.
Knockdown of DDX3Y alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by regulating NF-κB pathway
Authors: Xu Ying , Gu Xiaofeng , Wu Jian , Lu Wenmin
Published: November 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR), a type of chronic inflammatory disease that exists in the nasal mucosa, significantly impacts the quality of life. DDX3Y gene encodes an RNA helicase belonging to the DEAD-box protein family and is part of the DDX3 subfamily that affects the progression of multiple diseases. However, the specific role and mechanisms of DDX3Y in AR remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of DDX3Y knockdown on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR in mice. We found that DDX3Y is highly expressed in the nasal mucosa of AR mice. Knockdown of DDX3Y in OVA-induced AR mice significantly alleviated nasal manifestations, reduced immunoglobulin E and histamine levels, and improved nasal mucosal histopathology. Additionally, knockdown of DDX3Y suppressed secretion of inflammatory factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation, thereby mitigating local inflammatory responses. These findings suggested that targeting DDX3Y could offer a novel therapeutic strategy for managing AR by modulating the NF-κB pathway.
Gypenosides alleviates HaCaT keratinocyte hyperproliferation and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice
Authors: Liu Tao , He Yuanmin , Liao Yongmei
Published: November 2024

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and chronic immune responses. Gypenosides (Gyp) exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects on different diseases. However, its functioning and mechanism of Gyp on psoriasis remains unknown.
Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of Gyp on psoriasis.
Material and Methods: The impact and mechanism of Gyp on psoriasis in vitro and in vivo were probed through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, hematoxylin and eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay, immunofluorescence, and Western Blotting assays.
Results: Gyp inhibited cell proliferation and the release of inflammatory cytokinesin interleukin (IL-22)-induced spontaneously transformed human aneuploid immortal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). In addition, Gyp demonstrated enhancement in erythema and scaling as well as reductions in the thickness of epidermal layers, release of inflammatory factors, and Ki-67 (a nuclear protein) level in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mice. Mechanistically, Gyp upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression and diminished the level of p-p65/p65 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in skin tissues from IMQ-induced mice and IL-22-induced HaCaT cells, which were reversed with the application of ML385, an inhibitor of Nrf2. In addition, the administration of ML385 reversed decrease in cell viability and reduced the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in IL-22-induced HaCaT cells caused by Gyp.
Conclusion: In summary, Gyp reduced excessive cell growth and inflammation in psoriasis by suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) through activation of Nrf2.
Four-month real-life response to Tezepelumab in patients with multi-failure to other biologics
Authors: Betancor Diana , Bautista Sara , López-Rodríguez Raquel , Valverde-Monge Marcela , Fernández-Nieto Mar , J. Rial Manuel
Published: November 2024

To evaluate the response to Tezepelumab in real clinical practice, we performed an analysis of the clinical, functional, and inflammatory characteristics of 13 patients with severe asthma after completing four doses of Tezepelumab was performed. When comparing clinical parameters such as asthma control test (ACT), FENO value, exacerbations in the last 4 months, blood eosinophils and FEV1%, before receiving Tezepelumab and after four doses of Tezepelumab, statistically significant differences were found in ACT levels (p=0.0072), exacerbations (p=0.018) and FEV1% (p=0.012) before and after four doses of Tezepelumab. No statistically significant differences were found in blood eosinophils or FeNO levels, however, a mean reduction of 102.5±231 cells/mm3 and 14.67±30 ppb, respectively, was observed. Patients with a high T2 profile had significantly higher baseline FeNO (p<0.05), but no significant improvement in lung function or asthma control was observed in this group. Patients with Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) were evaluated separately. There was no difference in ACT, FeNO, or lung function changes after tezepelumab use compared to patients without AERD (all p>0.05). We demonstrated, in a multicenter study, the clinical improvement associated with tezepelumab treatment in severe uncontrolled asthma, independent of inflammatory biomarkers, eosinophilic profile, or previous biological failure.
Safety of immunotherapy with Alternaria alternata glutaraldehyde–polymerized allergen extract in adults and children
Authors: Caballero Raquel , Javaloyes Gracia , Romero Marta , Ángel Rojas Miguel , Del Pozo Sandra , Lara Beatriz , Lara Esther , Grau Alicia , Girón de Velasco Patricia , Casanovas Miguel
Published: November 2024

Background: Allergies to fungi, such as Alternaria alternata, are significant contributors to respiratory conditions like asthma and rhinitis. Immunotherapy with native A. alternata extracts often results in high rates of adverse reactions. This study evaluates the safety of immunotherapy using glutaraldehyde-polymerized A. alternata extracts in both pediatric and adult populations.
Methods: This observational real-world study involved 738 patients (435 children and 303 adults) monosensitized to A. alternata or polysensitized together to other allergens. Patients received personalized immunotherapy containing polymerized A. alternata extract, either alone or in combination with other polymerized allergens. The concentration of each polymerized allergen in the therapeutic vaccine was 10,000 TU/mL. Side reactions were classified and recorded based on immediate and delayed onset, and their severity was graded according to the EAACI guidelines.
Results: All side reactions were expected and related to the intrinsic properties of allergens. The number of injections administered was 7392, with 4137 to children and 3255 to adults. Thirteen relevant local reactions (0.24% in children, 0.09% in adults) and seven systemic reactions (0.09% overall) were observed. Systemic reactions included mild to moderate symptoms, such as mild bronchospasm and rhinitis. Severe reactions were not reported.
Conclusion: Immunotherapy with glutaraldehyde-polymerized A. alternata, alone or in combination with other polymerized allergens, is safe and well-tolerated in both children and adults. The polymerized extracts allow for higher concentrations and faster administration schedules, providing an effective treatment option for patients with fungal allergies, including those polysensitized to multiple allergens.
Allergic contact dermatitis to chlorhexidine in children
Authors: Moral Luis , Moral Alicia , Murcia Laura , Marco Nuria
Published: November 2024

Background: Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine is rare in children. The usefulness of different diagnostic tests for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is unknown.
Objective: We aim to describe a case series of children with hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine and to compare the results of different diagnostic tests.
Patients: Nine children with hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine were included. Only six of these children and their parents consented to a comprehensive allergy assessment, which included the prick test, intradermal test, patch test, and repeated open application test (ROAT).
Results: Seven children (78%) presented symptoms of chlorhexidine hypersensitivity within the first 5 years of life; two of them before the age of 1 year. In four children, the dermatitis lesions were suggestive of wound superinfection. All six children who participated in the comprehensive diagnostic evaluation had negative results on the prick test. The immediate-reading intradermal test was positive in one case and uncertain in two cases. The patch test was positive in five cases, and the ROAT was positive in all six cases when using 2% chlorhexidine alcohol solution.
Conclusion: ACD to chlorhexidine in children appears to be rare and can be difficult to detect. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis when wounds worsen with chlorhexidine. Although the patch test is the most standardized method for detecting ACD, the ROAT with 2% chlorhexidine alcohol solution was the most sensitive test in our patients.
Factors affecting the use of salbutamol before hospital admission in children with asthma exacerbation
Authors: Kulhas Celik Ilknur , Guvenir Hakan , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Yilmaz Topal Ozge , Dibek Misirlioglu Emine , Toyran Muge , Kocabas Can Naci , Civelek Ersoy
Published: November 2024

Background: Early home intervention for asthma exacerbation (AE) in children is associated with more favorable outcomes. Inhaled short-acting beta2 agonists (SABA) are the cornerstones of AE treatment.
Objectives: We aimed to determine what proportion of parents administered salbutamol to their children to treat asthma exacerbation at home, and the factors affecting the decision to administer the medication. Additionally, we also aimed to examine the parents’ level of knowledge regarding salbutamol use.
Methods: Asthma patients who were admitted to pediatric allergy outpatient clinics due to AE were included in the study. Parents’ knowledge related to home salbutamol use was evaluated using a questionnaire. Modified Pulmonary Index Score was used to evaluate AE severity.
Results: The study included 177 children (64.4% males) with a median age of 6.16 years. Of these, 86 patients (48.6%) had not administered salbutamol before hospital admission, and parents of 69 (80%) patients stated that they knew salbutamol should be administered but they did not want to administer it without consulting a doctor. Of the 91 patients who had used salbutamol before hospital admission, 28 (30.7%) had administered the incorrect dose, 2 (2.2%) used the incorrect technique, and 9 (9.9%) had the incorrect dose and incorrect technique. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, history of hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR]: 6.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.07–13.9; P < 0.001), history of more than five exacerbations (OR: 4.51, 95%CI: 1.94–10.48; P < 0.001 ), and presence of sputum (OR: 2.54; 95%CI: 1.10–5.87; P = 0.028) were the main predictors of salbutamol use.
Conclusion: Asthma patients and their parents should be better educated and actively encouraged on the use of SABA at home during an AE.
Effect of electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage combined with local administration of budesonide on the efficacy of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Xu Fengqin , Zhang Qi , Chen Fuzhe
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage combined with local administration of budesonide on the efficacy of treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 100 children with MPP treated at our hospital from April 2022 to April 2024. The patients were divided into an experimental group (50 cases) and a control group (50 cases) based to the treatment method. Both groups received routine treatment, however, the control group was treated with electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage alone, while the experimental group received electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage combined with local administration of budesonide. The efficacy of the two treatments was compared. The experimental group showed a significantly higher overall effective rate than the control group (p<0.05). After treatment, the time for cough relief, lung rales resolution, fever reduction, and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). One week after treatment, the levels of tidal volume, vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). Post-treatment levels of WBC and CRP were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the incidence of complications in the experimental group was lower than in the control group (p<0.05). Electronic fibrobronchoscope alveolar lavage combined with local administration of budesonide improves the efficacy of treatment for children with MPP, enhances clinical indicators, reduces inflammation levels, and has high safety, making it worthy of clinical promotion.
Knockdown of GBP5 alleviates renal damage caused by psoriasis by regulating NF-κB/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Ren Fang , Li Jin , Ni Xingyan , Yuan Hongshan , Yan Wenliang
Published: November 2024

Background: Kidney impairment resulting from psoriasis constitutes a serious complication, affecting the overall well-being of patients and necessitating a thorough comprehension for efficient management. Guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5) is known to play a role in inflammatory responses, but its function in psoriasis remains unclear and warrants investigation in.
Objective: To pinpoint GBP5 as innovative therapeutic target and decipher the underlying mechanisms in kidney impairment resulting from psoriasis.
Methods: Skin samples from psoriatic patients were used to detect GBP5 expression through Immunoblot and qPCR. Hacat cells were treated with TNF-α to construct the psoriasis skin cell model. Edu and CCK-8 assays were performed to confirm the effects on cell viability, ELISA was conducted to confirm the effects on inflammation. H&E staining and PASI scocing were conducted to confirm the effects on renal damage. Immunoblot confirmed the mechanism.
Results: GBP5 was highly expressed in psoriasis skin tissues. Ablation of GBP5 reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-stimulated growth as well as inflammation in human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell. In the imiquimod (IMQ)-stimulated mouse model, GBP5 knockdown alleviated psoriasis symptoms and reduced renal damage. Mechanically, GBP5 depletion suppressed the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (NF-κB/STAT3) axis.
Conclusion: Inhibiting GBP5 can mitigate the renal injury caused by psoriasis through NF-κB/STAT3 axix.
Nasal allergen challenge with Blomia tropicalis in children and adolescents
Authors: Matsumoto Fausto Yoshio , Tranquilini Gonçalves Tessa Rachel , Solé Dirceu , Falbo Wandalsen Gustavo
Published: November 2024

Background: Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is a well-defined phenotype in adults, but still there is little data available on children. This scarcity of data can be partly attributed to the lack of standardized protocols for Nasal Allergen Challenges (NAC) in this demographic.
Methods: 20 controls (control group) and 24 patients (rhinitis group) with allergic rhinitis diagnosis sensitized to Blomia tropicalis (Bt) underwent the NAC with Bt. The acoustic rhinometry was performed after instillation of increasing concentrations of Bt (5,000 BU/mL).
Results: The median reduction in the volume of the nasal cavity in its first five centimeters (V5) by the conclusion of the NAC in the rhinitis group was markedly higher than that observed in the control group, at −22.9% (range: −21.1% to −26.2%) compared to −7.7% (ranging: −4.8% to +12.8%).
Conclusions: Our research demonstrates the efficacy and safety of the NAC protocol utilizing Bt in distinguishing allergic from non-allergic children.
Beta-elemene alleviates cigarette smoke-triggered inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells, and refrains the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Li
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a grievous disease that adversely affects human health and life. β-elemene is a type of sesquiterpenoid extracted from Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) and displays effects on suppressing tumor growth. However, the regulatory impact of β-elemene in COPD development is not reported.
Objective: This study explored the functioning of β-elemene in the progression of COPD.
Material and Methods: The cell survival rate was confirmed through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cell apoptosis was evaluated through flow cytometry. The protein expressions were examined through western blot. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined through the corresponding commercial kits. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β were inspected through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: The study demonstrated that β-elemene exaggerated cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cell line stimulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Oxidative stress was heightened after 5% CSE induction, but this impact was counteracted by β-elemene treatment. In addition, enhancive inflammation induced by cigarette smoke was attenuated by β-elemene treatment. Finally, our results indicated that the triggered the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–protein kinase B–mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway mediated by cigarette smoke was refrained by β-elemene treatment.
Conclusion: It was concluded that β-elemene reduced cigarette smoke-triggered inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cell line, and refrained PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This study proposed that β-elemene could act as a hopeful drug for the treatment of COPD.
Alpha-gal syndrome and treatment of hypovolemic shock
Authors: Özdemir Öner
Published: November 2024

N/A
Yunpi Xiefei Huatan Tang decoction reduces airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthmatic mice through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Du Li , Chen Zhu , Tao Qiong , Yang Jianhui , Chen Na , Wang Qiao
Published: November 2024

Background: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases among children, markedly impairing patient’s health and imposing an increasing burden on the healthcare system. Several traditional Chinese medicines have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating asthma symptoms through studies conducted on animal models. Recent studies have shown that the Yunpi Xiefei Huatan Tang decoction (YPD) exhibits significant therapeutic outcomes in treating phlegm-obstructed pulmonary asthma. However, the precise regulatory effects of YPD on the progression of asthma require additional investigation.
Objective: To explore the functions of YPD in asthma progression.
Material and Methods: The asthma rat model triggered by ovalbumin (OVA) was established successfully. The pathological changes of lung tissues were examined through Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1β were tested through Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Serologic Assay (ELISA). The number of total cells or eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was confirmed through cell counter. The collagen deposition in bronchi was assessed through Masson staining. The protein expressions were measured through western blot.
Results: This study demonstrated that YPD could mitigate airway inflammation in an OVA-triggered asthma rat model. Furthermore, YPD was found to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and suppress the infiltration of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Additionally, the airway remodeling stimulated by OVA could be suppressed following YPD treatment. Finally, it was disclosed that YPD inhibited the wingless-related integration site–beta-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling pathway in the OVA-stimulated asthma rat model.
Conclusion: YPD alleviated airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic mice via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This research offers significant insights into the potential application of YPD in the treatment of asthma.
Effect of anthropometric and kinematic components on drag-flick performance: a study on national field hockey players
Authors:   Lahore College for Women University, Wali Rabia , Zahra Syeda Maryam , Nazeer Muhammad Tahir ,   University of the Punjab
Published: November 2024

The anthropometric and kinematic components have a significant influence on sports performance. This study aimed to quantify the degree to which national elite field hockey players incorporate kinematic skills in penalty corner drag-flick and examine the effect of both genders' anthropometric and kinematic components on the performance of penalty corner drag-flick. A sample of eight male and eight female players was selected from Hockey Clubs in Lahore, Pakistan. Three-dimensional biomechanical analysis was carried out to measure the kinematic variables of the drag-flick performance through the VICON motion capturing system and MATLAB software. The repeated measure of analysis (ANCOVA), Mann-Whitney (U) test, and multiple regression were applied. It was found that the national elite players were not consistent in their performance. They had not much awareness of biomechanical skills, however, male players were more consistent in their performance as compared to female players. Gender had a significant effect on the kinematic components of the drag-flick. The age, height, drag time, left knee and right elbow angles had a significant effect on the performance of female players while the ap-proach distance, drag length, and stance width had a significant effect on the perfor-mance of male players. It was also found that there were significant gender differences in selected kinematic components. It was concluded that drag time and stance width were the most influential kinetic components and that they differed by gender. The players and trainers should pay attention to utilizing the optimum interaction of anthropometric components and kinematic skills for high ball velocity in drag-flick performance.
Investigation of the individual operational resource of the hip joint endoprosthesis
Authors:   Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Belokrylov Nikolay ,   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Scriabin Vladimir ,   Perm Regional Clinical Hospital, Sotin Alexander ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Miller Gelena , Sharova Ludmila , Shmurak Marina
Published: November 2024

In most clinical cases the operational durability of the hip endoprosthesis is limited by physiological changes in the bone tissue accompanied by stability loss of the implant fixa-tion in the bone hole. The problem of the durability of the endoprosthesis structure itself is considered solved, but the existing standards for testing the strength and wear resistance of the implant guarantee its reliability only in a limited period of time. The capabilities of modern diagnostic equipment make it possible to determine individual physiological loads on the hip joint and ensure control over the individual operational resource of the artificial joint. An experimental study of the physical activity parameters of two patients with an in-stalled hip replacement was conducted to determine the real values of the operational loads parameters on the artificial joint. After the operation the patients underwent a course of postoperative rehabilitation, went to work and used the endoprosthesis in the mode of natu-ral daily routine and fulfillment of their professional duties. The study showed the "guaran-teed" operational resource of the endoprosthesis is limited to a 2–5 years period. The pro-posed algorithm for determining individual functional loads on an artificial joint can be used in developing a strategy for postoperative control of the patient, planning the timing of revi-sion intervention, as well as in the development and implementation of personalized proto-cols for preclinical testing of implants.