bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interconnected Realities: Exploring the Interplay of LGBTQI Policies, Investor Behavior, ROI, Population Dynamics, Climate Change, and Africa's Firms
Authors: Ngunjiri Ndirangu
Published: March 2024

This study examines the intricate connections among LGBTQI legislation, investor conduct, return on investment (ROI), and demographic trends in African businesses. We examine the historical progression of LGBTQI rights in Africa, closely analyzing its influence on the legal framework and public reception. The paper examines the existing LGBTQI policies in African companies and assesses their possible impact on investor trading behavior. The analysis takes into account both positive and negative factors that impact ROI, including enhanced employee engagement and possible expenses associated with implementation. This analysis examines the correlation between LGBTQI policies and climate change, with a focus on promoting inclusion to support the development of resilient and adaptive organizations. An analysis is conducted on population dynamics, which include demographic shifts, urbanization, and migration trends, to determine their impact on the development of LGBTQI inclusion and legislative reforms. The objective of this study is to provide a thorough comprehension of these intricate relationships, enlightening stakeholders about the consequences for Africa's economic, social, and demographic future.
Development and Validation of the Deenz Neurodiversity Scale (DNS-32) for Assessing Neurodivergent Traits in College Students.
Authors: Dar Deen Mohd
Published: March 2024

Introducing the Deenz Neurodiversity Scale (DNS-32), a groundbreaking instrument designed to assess neurodivergent traits in college students. Developed and validated in a robust sample of 302 students, comprising 104 females and 199 males, the DNS-32 aims to provide a comprehensive measure of traits associated with dyslexia, dyspraxia, ADHD, and autism inclination. Results reveal significant correlations between the DNS-32 total score and established measures of neurodivergent traits, affirming its validity and reliability. High internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and exploratory factor analysis further underscore the scale's psychometric integrity. With 32 meticulously crafted items spanning these domains, the DNS-32 sets a new standard for comprehensive assessment in neurodiversity research. The scale not only sheds light on the diverse cognitive profiles present within college populations but also promises to inform targeted interventions and promote inclusivity. Its potential to catalyze societal understanding of neurodiversity marks a pivotal advancement in the field.
A new innovative method for evaluating monarchies (crowns): A cost‒benefit analysis via social and mass media in a commonwealth country
Authors: Jozaghi Ehsan , Jozaghi Pouria
Published: March 2024

Background: In recent years, there has been opposition to the value of constitutional monarchies around the world. Some have argued that monarchies are no longer relevant in the 21st century. Others have argued that queens and kings are unelected and undemocratic and inadvertently symbolize past histories of colonialism.
Methods: In this evaluation, using the social media coverage of the head of the commonwealth (“the royal family”) on YouTube and X (formerly Twitter) as a proxy for its popularity, the economic benefits of the royal household are estimated versus the cost using mathematical models. Moreover, newspaper discussions of the royal family in Canada via the Canadian Newsstream database are used in the cost‒benefit ratio of the model.
Results: Based on conservative estimations, the cost-to-benefit ratio of the head of the commonwealth in Canada alone is 7.443 trillion:1. Based on the social media baseline estimates, on YouTube, there were 6,953 videos, which generated a total of 2.58 billion views. On X, there were 108,750 posts, 83.992 billion views, 32.610 million comments, 129.326 million reposts and 1.146 billion likes. In newspaper coverage in Canada since 1970, among the total articles, there were 1.868 million newspaper articles, 2,596 magazine articles, and 551,066 other articles, demonstrating the level of outreach in every Canadian household. The royal family, as the head of the commonwealth, has possibly reached billions worldwide as a positive force for the common good of humanity and generated a quadrillion dollars in direct and indirect economic benefits for global and local economies since the inception of faster modes of communications and transportation after WWII.
Conclusion: The value that monarchies add to nations and the world as institutions is unparalleled. In some countries, the national unity of different nations/regions/lands/provinces/ territories, the fragile balance of confederations, and the constitution are directly linked to the continuity of the crown. It is recommended that countries that revolted or voted against the monarchy in the past (e.g., Iran and Greece) reinstate the institution. Countries that are currently governed by some form of monarchy should not only maintain these institutions due to their extreme cost-effectiveness, cost-benefits, intangible benefits, efficiency, and superiority to other governing systems but also establish the supreme council of a king and queen and their representatives to give greater voice and urgency to issues facing humanity.
Trial registration: Not applicable
WITHDRAWN: Design and control of a mobile robot following the desired Trajectory using an adaptive sliding mode approach
Authors: LIU YONGQIU , Zhong Shaohui , MUSTAFA KAINAT , Aslam Sheraz , Daraz Amil
Published: March 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Spatio-temporal dynamics monitoring of surface water bodies in Nhat Le River Basin, Vietnam, by Google Earth Engine
Authors: Minh Vu Anh , Quang Dinh Nhat , Tinh Nguyen Xuan , Ribbe Lars
Published: March 2024

Consistent monitoring of surface water dynamics is essential for water resources, flood risk management, and addressing the challenges posed by climate change, urbanization. Nhat Le River Basin witnesses significant and noticeable dynamics in surface water on a yearly basis due to water-related disasters like floods and droughts. This article presents the first comprehensive study to systematically map and analyse the long-term (2016–2022) spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water in the Nhat Le River Basin of Vietnam, utilizing Sentinel-1 data. The results reveal that the optimal threshold for separating water from non-water pixels is −19 dB, with an overall accuracy of 0.93–0.94 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.77–0.82. Through quantitative analysis, the study characterizes seasonal and interannual variations in the surface water extent, contributing to an enhanced understanding of flood patterns and associated risks in a data-scarce region. Our analysis reveals the Kien Giang river delta as the most flooding-vulnerable sub-region, underscoring the importance of targeted risk management and adaptation planning in this area. A Google Earth Engine Tool is developed for automatic detecting, monitoring, and accessing the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water in Nhat Le River Basin over the period 2016–2022 and is available on GitHub (https://github.com/MinhVu25/Surface_Water_Dynamics_2023).
Magnetic MoS2/Fe3O4 composite as an effective activator of persulfate for the degradation of tetracycline: performance, activation mechanisms and degradation pathways
Authors: Zhang Lanhe , Zhang Qi , Chen Tengyue , Wang Changyao , Xiao Chuan , Guo Jingbo , Pang Xiangrui , Liu Shuhua
Published: March 2024

The activated persulfate (PS) process could produce sulfate radical (SO4·-) and rapidly degrade organic pollutants. The application of Fe3O4 as a promising PS activator was limited due to the rapid conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+ on its surface. Mo4+ on MoS2 surface could be used as a reducing site to convert Fe3+ to Fe2+, but the separation and recovery of MoS2 was complex. In this study, MoS2/Fe3O4 was prepared to accelerate the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle on Fe3O4 surface and achieved efficient separation of MoS2. The results showed that MoS2/Fe3O4 was more effective for PS activation compared to Fe3O4 or MoS2, with a removal efficiency of 91.8% for 20 mg·L−1 tetracycline (TC) solution under the optimal conditions. Fe2+ and Mo4+ on MoS2/Fe3O4 surface acted as active sites for PS activation with the generation of SO4•−, •OH, •O2−, and 1O2. Mo4+ acted as an electron donor to promote the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling and thus improved the PS activation capability of MoS2/Fe3O4. The degradation pathways of TC were inferred as hydroxylation, ketylation of dimethylamino group and C-N bond breaking. This study provided a promising activated persulfate-based advanced oxidation process for the efficient degradation of TC by employing MoS2/Fe3O4 as an effective activator.
Etnografía Multiespecies: teoría, técnicas y desafíos actuales
Authors: Arias Henao Juan David , Roca-Servat Denisse
Published: March 2024

Vivimos en una crisis de múltiples dimensiones que pone en riesgo la continuidad de la vida humana, pero también su interrelación con otras especies. Esta situación exige experimentar con herramientas teóricas y planteamientos metodológicos que permitan repensar la relación ser humano-naturaleza. Una de estas novedosas herramientas es la Etnografía Multiespecies, sobre la cual se han desarrollado diversos estudios desde hace poco más de una década, la mayoría de ellos en la academia anglosajona, y en menor medida en América Latina. A partir de un análisis de literatura académica, en este trabajo se plantea el objetivo de identificar sus técnicas y aspectos teóricos, al tiempo que se señalan sus desafíos actuales. Uno de los principales hallazgos es que la etnografía ha sido pensada principalmente para investigar humanos; sin embargo, la entrada de animales, plantas, microorganismos y algunos dispositivos biotecnológicos al primer plano de las etnografías multiespecies, está animando nuevos debates sobre la importancia de repensar aquello que se denomina «humanidad» y «naturaleza». De igual modo, si bien se encuentra un marco teórico y conceptual multiespecies cada vez más robusto, aún queda espacio para profundizar en nuevos planteamientos metodológicos.
HAND2-AS1 Promotes Ferroptosis to Reverse Lenvatinib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by TLR4/NOX2/DUOX2 Axis
Authors: Song Zheng , Zhang Yu , Luo Wei , Sun Chao , Lv Caihong , Wang Sihao , He Quanwei , Xu Ran , Bai Zhaofang , Chang Xiujuan , Yang Yongping
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Lenvatinib resistance causes less than 40% of the objective response
rate. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic targets to reverse the lenvatinib resistance
for HCC. HAND2-AS1 is a critical tumor suppressor gene in various cancers.

Methods:

Here, we investigated the role of HAND2-AS1 in the molecular mechanism of lenvatinib
resistance in HCC. It was found that HAND2-AS1 was lowly expressed in the HepG2 lenvatinib
resistance (HepG2-LR) cells and HCC tissues and associated with progression-free intervals
via TCGA. Overexpression of HAND2-AS1 (OE-HAND2-AS1) decreased the IC50 of lenvatinib
in HepG2-LR cells to reverse lenvatinib resistance. Moreover, OE-HAND2-AS1 induced intracellular
concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid ROS and decreased the ratio of glutathione
to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) to promote ferroptosis.

Results:

A xenograft model in which nude mice were injected with OE-HAND2-AS1 HepG2-LR
cells confirmed that OE-HAND2-AS1 could reverse lenvatinib resistance and decrease tumor formation
in vivo. HAND2-AS1 promoted the expression of ferroptosis-related genes (TLR4, NOX2,
and DUOX2) and promoted ferroptosis to reverse lenvatinib resistance by increasing TLR4/
NOX2/DUOX2 via competing endogenous miR-219a-1-3p in HCC cells. Besides, patients
with a low HAND2-AS1 level had early recurrence after resection.

Conclusion:

HAND2-AS1 promotes ferroptosis in HCC cells and reverses lenvatinib resistance
by regulating TLR4/NOX2/DUOX2 axis. It suggested that HAND2-AS1 may be a potential therapeutic
target and an indicator of early recurrence for HCC.
Magnetic Resonance Images Segmentation of Multifidus based on Dense-unet
and Superpixel
Authors: Xu Rui , Guo Xin , Wang Zimin , Guan Tingqiang , Zhou Yue
Published: March 2024

Background::

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common clinical condition causing lower back and leg pain. Accurate segmentation of the lumbar discs is
crucial for assessing and diagnosing LDH. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reveal the condition of articular cartilage. However, manual
segmentation of MRI images is burdensome for physicians and needs to be more efficient.

Objective::

In this study, we propose a method that combines UNet and superpixel segmentation to address the problem of loss of detailed information in the
feature extraction phase, leading to poor segmentation results at object edges. The aim is to provide a reproducible solution for diagnosing patients
with lumbar disc herniation.

Methods::

We suggest using the network structure of UNet. Firstly, dense blocks are inserted into the UNet network, and training is performed using the
Swish activation function. The Dense-UNet model extracts semantic features from the images and obtains rough semantic segmentation results.
Then, an adaptive-scale superpixel segmentation algorithm is applied to segment the input images into superpixel images. Finally, high-level
abstract semantic features are fused with the detailed information of the superpixels to obtain edge-optimized semantic segmentation results.

Results::

Evaluation of a private dataset of multifidus muscles in magnetic resonance images demonstrates that compared to other segmentation algorithms,
this algorithm exhibits better semantic segmentation performance in detailed areas such as object edges. Compared to UNet, it achieves a 9.5%
improvement in the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and an 11.3% improvement in the Jaccard Index (JAC).

Conclusion::

The experimental results indicate that this algorithm improves segmentation performance while reducing computational complexity.
Protective Effect of Natural Plant Products against the Rotenone-induced
Neurotoxicity
Authors: Subhan Iqra , Siddique Yasir Hasan
Published: March 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive
degeneration of the neurons and function of the nervous system. These diseases typically result
in a decline in cognitive, motor, or sensory functions and often lead to disability in many cases.
Rotenone is a naturally occurring compound isolated from the roots and stems of several plants
that induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting the mitochondrial complex I resulting in the generation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced the ROS generation. Natural plant products can
play an important role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focusses on
the therapeutic potential of natural products and their bioavailability to exert neuroprotective
effects against the neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent Stressful Experiences and Electronic Nicotine Product Use
Among Young Adults
Authors: Gherghe Anda , Fahey Kalina M.L. , Cservenka Anita
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective:

The goal of the current study was to examine how
specific recent stressors are related to electronic nicotine product use among young adults.
Despite increases in electronic nicotine product use among adults, stressors shaping the use
of these products remain largely unknown. The current study examined the types and average
severity of stressors endorsed between young adults with past 30-day electronic nicotine
product use and young adults with no lifetime use, as well as the association between
frequency of recent electronic nicotine product use and average severity of stressors.

Methods:

175 current electronic nicotine product users and 333 lifetime abstainers of electronic
nicotine products and cigarettes reported recent stressful experiences that occurred
in the past six months, as well as lifetime and past 30-day substance use. Chi-square, independent
samples t-test, and regression analyses were performed.

Results:

There were no significant group differences in the primary type of stressor experienced
(p = 0.320) or average stress of the three recent stressful experiences reported (p =
0.246). There was no significant relationship between electronic nicotine product use and
average stress of the three recent stressful experiences, controlling for demographic and
substance use covariates (p = 0.150). Both current electronic nicotine product users and
lifetime abstainers endorsed school, family, and romantic relationship stressors most frequently
as their top stressors.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine group differences in specific
stressor categories and perceived stress between current electronic nicotine product
users and lifetime abstainers of these products. Given the novel assessment of stressor
types, the current study provides a critical starting point for research on this timely topic.
In addition, due to the high overlap between stress and nicotine use, future studies should
investigate different populations of electronic nicotine product users and other methods to
assess stressful experiences.
Sorgo forrajero Corpoica JJt-18 :boletín técnico
Authors: Bernal R Jaime , Rincón Castillo Álvaro , Guevara Elsa Judith , Hernández Ruby Stella , Flórez Díaz Hernando
Published: March 2024

La base de la alimentación de los bovinos son los forrajes, constituyéndose en la forma más económica para la producción de carne y leche. Es por ello que CORPOICA, el CIAT, y el ICRISAT introdujeron accesiones de sorgo forrajero, de alta capacidad de macollamiento y tallo dulce, procedente del programa de mejoramiento genético del sorgo para las regiones semiáridas, investigando así los sorgos dulces mediante la evaluación de variedades en diferentes regiones del país, cuyos resultados permiten entregar a la producción ganadera del país el primer sorgo forrajero para la suplementación animal. Oferta tecnológica Variedad de Sorgo dulce forrajero JJT-18 Tecnología para la producción de carne de calidad en sistemas de producción ganaderos de la Orinoquia Gestión del pastoreo y la suplementación estratégica para incrementar la producción de leche en sistemas silvopastoriles en el sur del departamento del Atlántico.
Exploring the Design of Upper Limb Strength Training Through High-Intensity Interval Training Combined With Exergaming: Usability Study
Authors: Lin Shu-Cheng , Lee Jing-Yu , Yang Yong , Fang Chu-Chun , Fang Hsiao-Lin , Hou Tien-Hung
Published: March 2024

Background

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular exercise strategy in modern society, with the Tabata training method being the most popular. In the past, these training methods were mostly done without equipment, but incorporating exergaming into the training may provide a new option for muscle training.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the differences in upper limb muscle activation using an HIIT program combined with exergaming.

Methods

A total of 15 healthy male participants were recruited for the study, and the differences in muscle activation were compared between push-ups and exergaming (Nintendo Switch Ring Fit Adventure with the Ring-Con accessory) during HIIT. Prior to the tests, participants underwent pretests, including maximal voluntary contractions of various muscle groups, maximal push-up tests, and maximal movement tests using the exergaming device. The push-up and exergaming tests were conducted on separate days to avoid interference, with a warm-up period of 5 minutes on a treadmill before testing. Muscle activation in the lateral and anterior portions of the deltoid muscle, the sternal and clavicular heads of the pectoralis major muscle, and the latissimus dorsi muscle were measured during the maximal voluntary contractions and single-round tests for each exercise mode. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the variations in muscle activation observed across the 2 distinct modes of exercise, specifically push-ups and exergaming.

Results

In exergaming, the number of repetitions for push-ups was significantly fewer than for single-site exercises across both exhaustive (mean 23.13, SD 6.36 vs mean 55.67, SD 17.83; P=.001; effect size [ES]: 2.43) and single-round (mean 21.93, SD 7.67 vs mean 92.40, SD 20.47; P=.001; ES: 4.56) training. Heart rate differences were not significant (all P>.05), yet exergaming led to better muscle activation in specific muscle groups, particularly the right anterior deltoid (mean 48.00%, SD 7.66% vs mean 32.84%, SD 10.27%; P=.001; ES: 1.67) and right pectoralis major (sternal head: mean 38.99%, SD 9.98% vs mean 26.90%, SD 12.97%; P=.001; ES: 1.04; clavicular head: mean 43.54%, SD 9.59% vs mean 30.09%, SD 11.59%; P=.002; ES: 1.26) during exhaustive training. In single-round training, similar patterns were observed with the anterior deltoid (mean 51.37%, SD 11.76% vs mean 35.47%, SD 12.72%; P=.002; ES: 1.30) and pectoralis major (sternal head: mean 53.27%, SD 10.79% vs mean 31.56%, SD 16.92%; P=.001; ES: 1.53; clavicular head: mean 53.75%, SD 13.01% vs mean 37.95%, SD 14.67%; P=.006; ES: 1.14). These results suggest that exergaming may be more effective for targeted muscle activation.

Conclusions

In conclusion, HIIT can increase muscle activation in the upper extremities and can be incorporated into exergaming strategies to provide a fun and engaging way to exercise.
Architecture and Development Framework for a Web-Based Risk Assessment and Management Platform Developed on WordPress to Address Opioid Overdose (Preprint)
Authors: Kazemi Alireza , Boyd Marisha , Choi Fiona , Tai Andy Man Yeung , Tsang Vivian WL , To Tam , Kim Jane , Jang Kerry , Shams Farhud , Schreiter Stefanie , Cabanis Maurice , Krausz Reinhard Michael
Published: March 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The number of overdose-related fatalities continues to reach historic levels across Canada, despite ongoing efforts by authorities. To reduce mortality, a clinical trajectory ranging from preventative measures to crisis intervention, skill training to treatment, and risk assessment to risk management needs to be supported. The web-based Risk Assessment and Management Platform (RAMP) was developed to realize this concept and to empower people who use drugs through an integrated tool that allows them to better understand and manage their risk of overdose. This paper outlines the architecture and development of RAMP, which is built on the WordPress platform. WordPress components are mapped onto a 3-tier architecture that consists of presentation, application, and database layers. The architecture facilitates the development of a modular software that includes several features that are independent in functionality but interact with each other in an integrated platform. The relatively low coupling and high coherence of the features may reduce the cost of maintenance and increase flexibility of future developments. RAMP’s architecture comprises a user interface, conceptual framework, and backend layers. The RAMP front end effectively uses some of the WordPress’ features such as HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript to create a mobile, friendly, and scalable user interface. The RAMP backend uses several standard and custom WordPress plug-ins to support risk assessment and monitoring, with the goal of mitigating the impacts and eliminating risks together. A rule-based decision support system has been hard-coded to suggest relevant modules and goals to complement each user’s lifestyle and goals based on their risk assessment. Finally, the backend uses the MySQL database management system and communicates with the RAMP framework layer via the data access layer to facilitate a timely and secure handling of information. Overall, RAMP is a modular system developed to identify and manage the risk of opioid overdose in the population of people who use drugs. Its modular design uses the WordPress architecture to efficiently communicate between layers and provide a base for external plug-ins. There is potential for the current system to adopt and address other related fields such as suicide, anxiety, and trauma. Broader implementation will support this concept and lead to the next level of functionality.
Natural Language Processing vs Diagnosis Code-Based Methods for Postherpetic Neuralgia Identification: Development and Validation in Real-World Data (Preprint)
Authors: Zheng Chengyi , Ackerson Bradley , Qiu Sijia , Sy Lina S , Daily Leticia I. Vega , Song Jeannie , Qian Lei , Luo Yi , Ku Jennifer H. , Cheng Yanjun , Wu Jun , Tseng Hung Fu
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Diagnosis codes and prescription data are used in algorithms to identify postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a debilitating complication of herpes zoster (HZ). Because of the questionable accuracy of codes and prescription data, manual chart review is sometimes used to identify PHN in electronic health records (EHR), which can be costly and time-consuming.

OBJECTIVE

To develop and validate a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for automatically identifying PHN from unstructured EHR data. To compare its performance with that of code-based methods.

METHODS

This retrospective study used EHR data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California, a large integrated healthcare system that serves over 4.8 million members. The source population included members aged ≥50 years who received an incident HZ diagnosis and accompanying antiviral prescription between 2018-2020 and had ≥1 encounter within 90-180 days of the incident HZ diagnosis. The study team manually reviewed the EHR and identified PHN cases. For NLP development and validation, 500 and 800 random samples from the source population were selected, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), F-score, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of NLP and the code-based methods were evaluated using chart-reviewed results as the reference standard.

RESULTS

The NLP algorithm identified PHN cases with 90.9% sensitivity, 98.5% specificity, 82.0% PPV, and 99.3% NPV. The composite scores of the NLP algorithm were 0.89 (F-score) and 0.85 (MCC). The prevalences of PHN in the validation data were 6.9% (reference standard), 7.6% (NLP), and 5.4-13.1% (code-based). The code-based methods achieved 52.7-61.8% sensitivity, 89.8-98.4% specificity, 27.6-72.1% PPV, and 96.3-97.1% NPV. The F-scores and MCCs were ranged between 0.45-0.59 and 0.32-0.61, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The automated NLP-based approach identified PHN cases from the EHR with good accuracy. This method could be useful in population-based PHN research.
Mobile Apps for the Personal Safety of At-Risk Children and Youth: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Bowen-Forbes Camille , Khondaker Tilovatul , Stafinski Tania , Hadizadeh Maliheh , Menon Devidas
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Personal safety is a widespread public health issue that affects people of all demographics. There is a growing interest in the use of mobile apps for enhancing personal safety, particularly for children and youth at risk, who are among the most vulnerable groups in society.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore what is known about the use of mobile apps for personal safety among children and youth identified to be “at risk.”

METHODS

A scoping review following published methodological guidelines was conducted. In total, 5 databases (Scopus, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, Compendex, and Inspec Archive) were searched for relevant scholarly articles published between January 2005 and October 2023. The gray literature was searched using Google and Google Scholar search engines. The results were reported using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. For summarizing the features and users’ experiences of the apps, a published framework for evaluating the quality of mobile health apps for youth was used.

RESULTS

A total of 1986 articles were identified, and 41 (2.1%) were included in the review. Nine personal safety apps were captured and categorized into 4 groups based on the goals of the apps, as follows: dating and sexual violence prevention (n=4, 44% of apps), bullying and school violence prevention (n=2, 22% of apps), self-harm and suicide prevention (n=2, 22% of apps), and homeless youth support (n=1, 11% of apps). Of the 41 articles, 25 (61%) provided data solely on app descriptions and features, while the remaining 16 (39%) articles provided data on app evaluations and descriptions. Outcomes focused on app engagement, users’ experiences, and effectiveness. Four articles reported on app use, 3 (75%) of which reported relatively high app use. Data on users’ experience were obtained from 13 studies. In general, participants found the app features to be easy to use and useful as educational resources and personal safety tools. Most of the views were positive. Negative perceptions included redundancy of app features and a lack of usefulness. Five apps were evaluated for effectiveness (n=2, 40% dating and sexual violence prevention; n=2, 40% self-harm and suicide prevention; and n=1, 20% bullying and school violence prevention) and were all associated with a statistically significant reduction (P=.001 to .048) in harm or risk to participants at the 95% CI.

CONCLUSIONS

Although many personal safety apps are available, few studies have specifically evaluated those designed for youth. However, the evidence suggests that mobile safety apps generally appear to be beneficial for reducing harm to at-risk children and youth without any associated adverse events. Recommendations for future research have been made to strengthen the evidence and increase the availability of effective personal safety apps for children and youth.
Electronic Health Record Data Quality and Performance Assessments: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Penev Yordan P. , Buchanan Timothy R. , Ruppert Matthew M. , Liu Michelle , Shekouhi Ramin , Guan Ziyuan , Balch Jeremy , Ozrazgat-Baslanti Tezcan , Shickel Benjamin , Loftus Tyler J. , Bihorac Azra
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have an enormous potential to advance medical research and practice through easily accessible and interpretable EHR-derived databases. Attainability of this potential is limited by issues with data quality and performance assessment.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to streamline the current best practices on EHR Data Quality and Performance assessments as a replicable standard for researchers in the field.

METHODS

PubMed was systematically searched for original research articles assessing EHR data quality and/or performance from inception until May 7, 2023.

RESULTS

Our search yielded 26 original research articles. Most articles suffered from one or more significant limitations, including incomplete or inconsistent reporting (30%), poor replicability (25%), and lacking generalizability of results (25%). Completeness (81%), Conformance (69%), and Plausibility (62%) were the most cited indicators of Data Quality, while Correctness/Accuracy (54%) was most cited for Data Performance, with context-specific supplementation by Recency (27%), Fairness (23%), Stability (15%), and Shareability (8%) assessments. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques including natural language data extraction, data imputation, and fairness algorithms were demonstrated to play a rising role in improving both dataset quality and performance.

CONCLUSIONS

This review highlights the need for incentivizing data quality and performance assessments and their standardization. The results suggest utility of the adoption of AI-based techniques for enhancing data quality and performance to unlock the full potential of EHRs to improve medical research and practice.
A Novel Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Generative AI Tool (Socrates 2.0) to Facilitate Socratic Dialogue: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Held Philip , Pridgen Sarah A , Chen Yaozhong , Akhtar Zuhaib , Amin Darpan , Pohorence Sean
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital mental health tools, designed to augment traditional mental health treatments, are becoming increasingly important due to a wide range of barriers to accessing mental health care, including a growing shortage of clinicians. Most existing tools use rule-based algorithms, often leading to interactions that feel unnatural compared with human therapists. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution for the development of more natural, engaging digital tools. In this paper, we detail the development of Socrates 2.0, which was designed to engage users in Socratic dialogue surrounding unrealistic or unhelpful beliefs, a core technique in cognitive behavioral therapies. The multiagent LLM-based tool features an artificial intelligence (AI) therapist, Socrates, which receives automated feedback from an AI supervisor and an AI rater. The combination of multiple agents appeared to help address common LLM issues such as looping, and it improved the overall dialogue experience. Initial user feedback from individuals with lived experiences of mental health problems as well as cognitive behavioral therapists has been positive. Moreover, tests in approximately 500 scenarios showed that Socrates 2.0 engaged in harmful responses in under 1% of cases, with the AI supervisor promptly correcting the dialogue each time. However, formal feasibility studies with potential end users are needed.

OBJECTIVE

This mixed methods study examines the feasibility of Socrates 2.0.

METHODS

On the basis of the initial data, we devised a formal feasibility study of Socrates 2.0 to gather qualitative and quantitative data about users’ and clinicians’ experience of interacting with the tool. Using a mixed method approach, the goal is to gather feasibility and acceptability data from 100 users and 50 clinicians to inform the eventual implementation of generative AI tools, such as Socrates 2.0, in mental health treatment. We designed this study to better understand how users and clinicians interact with the tool, including the frequency, length, and time of interactions, users’ satisfaction with the tool overall, quality of each dialogue and individual responses, as well as ways in which the tool should be improved before it is used in efficacy trials. Descriptive and inferential analyses will be performed on data from validated usability measures. Thematic analysis will be performed on the qualitative data.

RESULTS

Recruitment will begin in February 2024 and is expected to conclude by February 2025. As of September 25, 2024, overall, 55 participants have been recruited.

CONCLUSIONS

The development of Socrates 2.0 and the outlined feasibility study are important first steps in applying generative AI to mental health treatment delivery and lay the foundation for formal feasibility studies.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/58195
The Rutgers Omnibus Study: Protocol for Quarterly Web-Based Surveys to Promote Rapid Tobacco Research (Preprint)
Authors: Bover Manderski Michelle T , Young William J , Ganz Ollie , Delnevo Cristine D
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Rapid and flexible data collection efforts are necessary for effective monitoring and research on tobacco and nicotine product use in a constantly evolving marketplace. The Rutgers Omnibus Survey (1) provides timely data on awareness and use of new and emerging tobacco products among adults in a rapid manner, (2) provides a platform for measurement experiments to help develop and refine measures of tobacco use that reflect the current marketplace, and (3) generates pilot data for grant applications and scientific manuscripts.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to document the first 2 years of the Rutgers Omnibus Study through the reporting of methodology, fielding summaries, and sample characteristics.

METHODS

Launched in February 2022 and fielded quarterly thereafter, we survey convenience samples of 2000 to 3000 US adults aged 18-45 years recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) using the MTurk Toolkit by CloudResearch. The questionnaire includes core and rotating modules and is designed to take approximately 10 minutes to complete through Qualtrics. The fielding duration is approximately 10 days per wave. Each wave includes both unique and repeating participants, and responses can be linked across waves by an anonymous ID.

RESULTS

Sample sizes ranged from 2082 (wave 8, December 2023) to 2989 (wave 1, February 2022), and the 8-wave longitudinal dataset included 10,334 participants, of whom 2477 had 3 or more data points. The cost per complete at each wave was low, ranging from US $2.46 to US $3.27 across waves. Key demographics were consistent across waves and similar to that of the general population, while tobacco product trial and past–30-day use were generally higher.

CONCLUSIONS

The Rutgers Omnibus Study is a quarterly survey that is effective for rapidly assessing the use of emerging tobacco and nicotine products and can also be leveraged to conduct survey experiments, generate pilot data, and address both cross-sectional and longitudinal research questions.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/58203
ADVANCEMENTS IN MICRONEEDLE TECHNOLOGY: COMPREHENSIVE INSIGHTS INTO VERSATILE DRUG DELIVERY MECHANISMS
Authors: SEKAR LOKESWAR , SEENIVASAN RAAGUL , REDDY M. VIVEK , VARMA K. DILEEP , AHMED SYED SUHAIB , PACHIYAPPAN JEY KUMAR , GANESH GNK
Published: March 2024

Microneedle-based transdermal medication administration is a revolutionary drug delivery technique that has advantages over parenteral and oral drug delivery systems. They are convenient, painless, safe, and effective. Due to the skin’s stratum corneum layer, the majority of drugs only have a limited impact, which constitutes a thickness of about 10 to 15 µm and acts as a barrier for molecules to reach the site of action, allowing just a few molecules to pass through. To overcome this, many researchers have concentrated on using microneedles to bypass the stratum corneum barrier. The main goal of microneedles is to get the drug into the epidermis without disrupting nerve endings. Micron-sized channels created by the skin layer being broken by microneedles transport the medication directly to the epidermis or higher dermis, avoiding the barrier layer and into the systemic circulation. As a result, the microneedle can improve transdermal drug delivery. Microneedles are fabricated in different forms, such as “Solid Microneedles,” “Coated Microneedles,” “Dissolving or Biodegradable Microneedles,” “Hollow Microneedles” and Hydrogel-forming Microneedles, through the use of components including polymers, polysaccharides, silicon, and metals. Micromolding, laser cutting, dip coating, 3D printing and its techniques are just a few of the processes used to make microneedles. Recently, microneedles have become popular for delivering drugs, genes, proteins, RNA and vaccines, demonstrating significant therapeutic effects. A variety of nano-carriers, along with different delivery methods, assist in emphasizing the use of microneedles in the meantime.
FORMULATION, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF NANOSUSPENSIONS-LOADED VORICONAZOLE TO ENHANCE SOLUBILITY
Authors: AL-EDRESI SARMAD , ABDUL-HASAN MAZIN THAMIR , HADI SALAL YASMIEN ABDUL
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study aimed to enhance the solubility of voriconazole (VRZ) via loading to nanosuspensions using solvent/anti-solvent technique. The optimisation of independent variables (polymer concentrations) was carried out to achieve the desired particle size and maximise the percentage of entrapment efficiency (EE %) and drug loading (DL %) using design-expert®software.
Methods: Design-Expert® software, version 13, was used to design and optimise nanosuspensions-loaded VRZ using 23 factorial designs. Concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamers were selected as independent variables to achieve ideal particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficacy (EE %) and drug loading (DL %). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and saturated solubility were used to assess the lyophilized nanoparticles. The compatibility between the drug and the polymers was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Results: The particle size, PDI, EE %, and DL % were in the range of 15.6–145.6 nm, 0.010-0.120, 55.9 %-91.9 %, and 6.68-36.76 %, respectively. The saturated solubility of nanosuspensions-loaded VRZ (NS-VRZ) relative to free VRZ was increased tenfold in DW and twelvefold in PBS (pH 7.4). DSC thermogram confirmed the incorporation of VRZ in the nanosuspensions. The AFM of NS-VRZ validated spherical tiny particle size with a smooth surface. There is no chemical interaction between VRZ and the polymers, according to an FTIR investigation.
Conclusion: The solubility of VRZ was successfully enhanced by loading to nanosuspensions. The solvent/anti-solvent technique was proven to be cost-effective, easy to operate and suitable for the preparation of NS-VRZ using Design-Expert®software.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF GELLAN GUM/GLYCOL CHITOSAN BASED BAICALEIN HYDROGEL FOR WOUND HEALING
Authors: BAVISKAR KIRAN D. , LODHI SANTRAM
Published: March 2024

Objective: The present work was emphasized on preparation, characterization and evaluation of baicalein loaded hydrogel to promote healing of wounds.
Methods: Baicalein loaded hydrogel was developed using Gellan gum and Glycol chitosan polymers. Prepared hydrogels were characterized for various parameters like Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), swelling property, entrapment efficiency, rheology and drug release. Wound healing study was investigated by using incision dead space wound models. Healing effect was assessed by measurement of tensile strength, collagen content, hydroxyproline content, protein content and antioxidant status.
Results: The percent entrapment efficiency of optimized hydrogel found to be 89.78±2.07 which resulted in controlled release of drug 85.03% in 12 h. The significant increased level of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was noticed in dead space wound model. The tensile strength study shows increase in collagen synthesis due to treatment with Baicalein loaded hydrogel. The higher collagen content, better granulation, increase in tensile strength was noticed. Histopathological examination also confirmed higher degree of re-epithelialization and enhanced cutaneous wound repair.
Conclusion: In conclusion, biodegradable Baicalein loaded hydrogel might have high potential for wound healing with improved oxidative status and extended release of Baicalein.
DEVELOPMENT OF A REFERENCE SAMPLE FOR RAPID ANALYSIS OF AN ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF MEDICINAL PLANT RAW MATERIALS
Authors: GAIDASHEV IVAN A. , SYROESHKIN
Published: March 2024

Objective: Development and validation of a technique for preparation of a reference sample for elemental microanalysis using the XRF technique in terms of repeatability, reproducibility, and optimization of the technique for rapid determination of the elemental composition of medicinal plants based on X-ray fluorescence analysis.
Methods: Samples: fresh shoots of Kalanchoe daigremontiana, ready reference sample "Birch Leaf" LB-1 (A. P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia), and IAEA reference sample SRM 2976 (IAEA, MEL, Monaco). The dispersed fraction was analyzed using a Master Sizer 2000 instrument (Malvern Panalytical, Worcestershire, UK). Elemental analysis using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer EDX-7000 Shimadzu (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), GZ-AAS using an Agilent instrument, model 240Z AA instrument (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, USA) with electrothermal atomization and Zeeman background correction, and ICP-MS using an Agilent 7500 CE instrument (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, USA).
Results: By the LALLS method, they were separated by the maximum distribution, which was 63 microns, and a minor fraction of 39 microns. This indicates sufficient homogeneity in the sample. Further, homogeneity was proved by the XRF method by measuring six independent samples obtained by the quartering method. Also, the elemental composition of the reference samples was determined: completely dried, homogenized before sifting, and homogenized after sifting. Further, the obtained reference sample of K. daigremontiana was compared with reference samples: IAEA SRM 2976 and "birch leaf methods: ICP-MS, GZ-AAS, XRF.
Conclusion: The reference sample will allow for rapid analysis of medicinal plant raw materials. Standardization of medicinal plants by the content of microelements will allow observing species differences as well as adjusting the concentrations of microelements for therapeutic purposes using medicinal plants.
LC-MS/MS-BASED QUANTITATIVE PROFILING OF PAPAIN ENZYME IN CARICA PAPAYA L.: METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
Authors: C. CHANDAN , AGALAVE RUSHIKESH SHIVAJI , TYAGI TANIYA , SINGH ADITYA KUMAR , J. RAMESH , KUMAR G. PHANI , B. V. SUSHMA , M. R. JEYAPRAKASH
Published: March 2024

Objective: To develop and validate a sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantifying the Papain enzyme in Carica papaya L. plant extracts.
Methods: As an internal standard (IS), Papain was procured. A gradient-based LC-MS/MS method was developed using the Quasar C18, 150 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 µm column; the drug separation was accomplished using a gradient elution mode with a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid in water (A) and a 98:2% ratio of formic acid in acetonitrile (B). The mobile phase was injected with a volume of 10 µl at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min.
Results: Matrix-matched calibration adhering to SANCO guidelines was employed for accurate quantification, covering a concentration range of 1 to 2000 ng/ml. The method's selectivity and linearity were confirmed with an R2 correlation value of 0.990. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined as 170.5 ng/ml and 516.8 ng/ml, respectively. The developed LC-MS/MS method demonstrated robust analytical performance, providing a solid basis for quantifying Papain enzyme levels in Carica papaya L. plant extracts. The matrix-matched calibration approach, with a well-defined standard calibration curve, showcased the method's selectivity and linearity. The LOD and LOQ values further underscored the method's sensitivity.
Conclusion: This study successfully establishes and validates a gradient-based LC-MS/MS method for accurate quantification of Papain enzyme levels in Carica papaya L. plant extracts. The demonstrated precision, accuracy, and sensitivity support the reliability of this analytical approach, offering a valuable tool for future investigations into the biological effects of Papain.