bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glass Microfiber Interlayer for Polysulfide Retention in Lithium‐sulfur Cathodes
Authors: Jahan Georgina , Motevalian Saeme , Hamal Dambar , Awadallah Osama , Claus Ana , Rodrigues de Oliveira Natalia , Safa Meer , El‐Zahab Bilal
Published: October 2024

In this study, a glass microfibers interlayer (GMI) was used at the interface of the cathode and electrolyte in lithium‐sulfur batteries to prevent polysulfides loss from the cathode which contributes to capacity and coulombic efficiency fades during cycling. The interlayer's performance was evaluated using full‐cell studies and various visual experiments at commercially relevant sulfur areal loadings. Cells with sulfur loading of 4 mg cm−2 consistently had initial capacities exceeding 1200 mAh g−1 and reached a stable performance at around 900 mAh g−1 after 2 cycles at 2.23 mA cm−2. After 200 cycles the capacity retention remained robust at 95 %, marking an average decay rate of only 0.016 % per cycle. Cathodes with 2.8 mg cm−2 at 1.57 mA cm−2 rate and cathodes with 2 mg cm−2 at 3.3 mA cm−2 high rate exhibit improved rate capability and excellent stability over 400 cycles and 500 cycles respectively with 20 % more capacity retention than non‐GMI cells. Post‐failure analyses of the cell components revealed the GMI's role in controlling the concentration of soluble polysulfides at the anode and a suitable candidate that can be used alone or in tandem with other approaches to help overcome one of the major problems in lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Use of metakaolins from Eseka and Dibamba‐Cameroon as an optimization additive of CEM I Portland cement mortar
Authors: Tchamba Arlin Bruno , Esunsen Jongie Placide , Kanouo Nguo Sylvestre , Duna Linda Lekuna , Dikwa Jérôme , Mbessa Michel , Gnamsi Guy Molay Tchapga , Mimpouo Blaise , Bwemba Charles , Nkeng George Elambo
Published: October 2024

The present study deals with two kaolins from Eseka and Dibamba‐Cameroon to determine their potential suitability as additive of CEM I 42.5R and to optimize the properties of cement in the sense to promote low‐carbon cement. X‐ray diffractometry was used to establish the mineralogical composition of two kaolins. X‐ray fluorescence was carried out to determine the chemical composition of kaolins and cement. Fine metakaolin powders obtained at 700°C were used as additive in CEM I 42.5R. Furthermore, consistency, setting time, water absorption, compressive and flexural test, and shrinkage test were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was carried out to evaluate the microstructure variation. The substitution of CEM I with metakaolin resulted in a considerable increase in compressive and flexural strength from days 7 to 28 at optimum value. The compressive and flexural strengths at 28 days at optimum value of metakaolin increase to 52% and 44%, respectively, explaining the equilibrium oxides in the cement. The maximum values of strength with 20 wt.% MK1 and 30 wt.% MK2 at 7, 14, and 28 days appear in both cases when the ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 is between 2.8 and 2.9. The silica modulus and alumina modulus of cement–metakaolin improved when metakaolin was added. The properties of cement were optimized with a 52% increase in compressive strength at 28 days.
Simultaneous Hydrogenation of an Insulated Diarylacetylene Dimer Incorporated as Axle Molecules in a Cyclodextrin‐Based [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane
Authors: Tsuda Susumu , Yano Yumeki , Yamaguchi Masaki , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Nishiyama Yutaka
Published: October 2024

The [c2]daisy chain rotaxane is an attractive interlocked molecule for the development of functional materials because of its unique mechanical properties that respond to various external stimuli, resulting in extension and contraction motions along the molecular axis. The synthesis of several ‘impossible’ [2]rotaxanes that do not exhibit obvious binding motifs between their axle and wheel moieties has been achieved through further chemical modification of their axle moieties within pre‐prepared [2]rotaxanes. However, no ‘impossible’ [c2]daisy chain rotaxane has been synthesized using similar strategies until now. In this study, we investigated the hydrogenation of diarylacetylene moieties within a permethylated α‐cyclodextrin (PM α‐CD)‐based [c2]daisy chain rotaxane using Pd/C or Pd/CaCO3 under hydrogen. A new [c2]daisy chain rotaxane featuring two diarylethane moieties was successfully synthesized through the simultaneous full hydrogenation of the insulated diarylacetylene moieties under optimized conditions. The new rotaxane is classified as an ‘impossible’ [c2]daisy chain rotaxane due to the lack of obvious binding motifs between diarylethane and the PM α‐CD. This work demonstrates for the first time that the insulated axle moieties of [c2]daisy chain rotaxanes can undergo novel chemical modifications using a synthetic strategy employing transition metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation, which can potentially advance the development of nanoarchitectures with functional interlocked molecules.
Microscale heat and mass transfer characteristics of CO2 flooding in nanotubes of tight oil reservoirs
Authors: Wang Rui
Published: October 2024

The mechanism of heat and mass transfer in tight oil reservoirs after CO2 injection is complex. In this paper, first, a CO2 transfer model within microscale adjacent nanotubes in tight oil reservoirs is established. Then, the typical heat and mass transfer characteristics of microscale CO2 in tight oil reservoirs is analyzed, and the influence of grid density on the calculation results is discussed. Finally, the influence of thermal conductivity of tight oil reservoirs on CO2 physical properties parameters is revealed. Results show that: (a) From the inlet end of the thick nanotube to the outlet of the nanotube, the pressure of CO2 drops from 3.5 to 3.3697 MPa. (b) When the mesh length is equal to 5 nm, the CO2 pressure in the thin nanotube drops from 3.5 to 3.3329 MPa, and the CO2 pressure in the thick nanotube drops from 3.5 to 3.2018 MPa. (c) Organic amines react with CO2 to form salts, which can seal high permeability layers and cracks, but there is a risk of environmental pollution.
A chronicle of titanium niobium oxide materials for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries: From laboratory to industry
Authors: Peng Cancan , Liang Suzhe , Yu Ying , Cao Longhao , Yang Chao , Liu Xiaosong , Guo Kunkun , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Wang Changhong
Published: October 2024

Titanium niobium oxide (TiNbxO2 + 2.5x) is emerging as a promising electrode material for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its exceptional safety characteristics, high electrochemical properties (e.g., cycling stability and rate performance), and eco‐friendliness. However, several intrinsic critical drawbacks, such as relatively low electrical conductivity, significantly hinder its practical applications. Developing reliable strategies is crucial to accelerating the practical use of TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based materials in LIBs, especially high‐power LIBs. Here, we provide a chronicle review of the research progress on TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based anodes from the early 1950s to the present, which is classified into early stage (before 2008), emerging stage (2008–2012), explosive stage (2013–2017), commercialization (2018), steady development (2018–2022), and new breakthrough stage (since 2022). In each stage, the advancements in the fundamental science and application of the TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based anodes are reviewed, and the corresponding developing trends of TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based anodes are summarized. Moreover, several future research directions to propel the practical use of TiNbxO2 + 2.5x anodes are suggested based on reviewing the history. This review is expected to pave the way for developing the fabrication and application of high‐performance TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based anodes for LIBs.
3D LVCN: A Lightweight Volumetric ConvNet
Authors: Lu Xiaoyun , Zhou Chunjie , Liu Shengjie , Li Jialong
Published: October 2024

In recent years, with the significant increase in the volume of three‐dimensional medical image data, three‐dimensional medical models have emerged. However, existing methods often require a large number of model parameters to deal with complex medical datasets, leading to high model complexity and significant consumption of computational resources. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a 3D Lightweight Volume Convolutional Neural Network (3D LVCN), aiming to achieve efficient and accurate volume segmentation. This network architecture combines the design principles of convolutional neural network modules and hierarchical transformers, using large convolutional kernels as the basic framework for feature extraction, while introducing 1 × 1 × 1 convolutional kernels for deep convolution. This improvement not only enhances the computational efficiency of the model but also improves its generalization ability. The pro‐posed model is tested on three challenging public datasets, namely spleen, liver, and lung, from the medical segmentation decathlon. Experimental results show that the proposed model performance has in‐creased from 0.8315 to 0.8673, with a reduction in parameters of approximately 5%. This indicates that compared to currently advanced model structures, our proposed model architecture exhibits significant advantages in segmentation performance.
Size Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Surface Plasmon Resonance Assays for DNA Hybridization
Authors: Li Zhen , Yan Deming , Dong Tianbao , Han Chaowei , Jiang Meng , Kang Qing , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Yanhui , Guo Wenjuan , Zhou Feimeng
Published: October 2024

Recent advancements in signal amplifiers, such as biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have improved the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) performance. However, the correlation between the sizes of DNA−Au conjugates and the SPR chips remains elusive. We investigated how the size of AuNPs functioned with DNA detection probes (D−AuNPs) affect SPR signals in sandwich DNA hybridization assays. The effects of three sizes (5, 13, and 29 nm) of D−AuNPs with an equal surface probe density were systematically compared to delineate the relationship between signal amplification and steric hindrance. Sporadically adsorbed target DNA on sparse capture probe‐coated chips led to a growth of signal amplification with larger D−AuNPs. In contrast, on dense capture probe‐coated SPR chips, when the target DNA concentration was above 1.5 nM, the medium‐sized 13 nm AuNPs displayed 1.7‐ and 1.3‐fold enhancement factors than 5 nm and 29 nm ones, respectively. Our results indicate the steric hindrance disturbs the capture of D−AuNPs on dense target DNA‐modified chips, rendering the surface density of captured D−AuNPs a determining factor of the sensor response. Alternatively, the sensor sensitivity to D−AuNP surface density is crucial on chips with sparse target DNA. These insights should stimulate and guide future research on surface functionalization toward SPR sensors and AuNPs.
Unveiling the Inhibitory Effect of Magnolol in the Aggregation of Human Calcitonin (hCT): A Comprehensive In‐Silico Study
Authors: Jhawar Mira , Paul Sandip
Published: October 2024

Amyloid fibril formation by some peptides leads to several neurogenetic disorders. This limits their biological activity and increases cytotoxicity. Human calcitonin (hCT), 32 residue containing peptide, known for regulating calcium and phosphate concentration in the blood tends to form amyloids in aqueous medium. Polyphenols are very effective in inhibiting fibril formation. As part of our research, we have taken Magnolol (Mag), which is extracted from the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis. To evaluate its effectiveness as an inhibitor in preventing hCT aggregation, we conducted an all‐atom classical molecular dynamics simulation with varying concentrations of Mag. In presence of Mag, hCT maintains its helical conformation in higher order. Magnolol primarily interacts with hCT via van der Waals interaction. Asp15 residue of hCT, resides in the amyloid region (D15FNKF19) forms strong hydrogen bonding interaction with Mag. Moreover, aromatic residues of hCT interact with Mag through π‐π stacking interactions. Our work gives insights into the molecular mechanism of Magnolol in the inhibition of hCT fibril formation to use it as a potential candidate for medicinal purpose.
A Switchable Linear Regulator Implemented in GaAs pHEMT for WiFi Application
Authors: Gong Tingwei , Cheng Zhiqun , Le Chao , Ni Zhekan , Xuan Xuefei , Zheng Bangjie , Wang Junqiang
Published: October 2024

Compared to silicon‐based complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), second‐generation semiconductor materials, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT), offer significant advantages for radio frequency (RF) applications. As communication systems become more functional, designing highly integrated on‐chip transceiver systems presents a substantial challenge, where the voltage regulator as part of the power management module is indispensable. Due to lattice defects and other issues, achieving P‐channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) in GaAs pHEMT is difficult, necessitating new circuit architectures to fulfill traditional linear regulator functions. To realize wireless fidelity (WiFi) transceiver systems on chip (SoC) using compound semiconductors for superior RF performance, this paper proposes a switchable linear regulator based on a 0.25 μm GaAs pHEMT process. The proposed linear regulator consumes a quiescent current of 440 μA in no‐load conditions and regulates a 5 V supply voltage down to 2.6 V output voltage. Measured results indicate that the designed linear regulator features a current load capacity of 20 mA, a load regulation rate of 5.8 mV/mA, and a line regulation rate of 1.8 mV/V. The proposed linear regulator circuit has been applied to WiFi transceiver systems, occupying a chip area of 0.054 mm2.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel Indole‐Based small molecules as sirtuin inhibitors with anticancer activities
Authors: Binarci Busra , Kilic Ensar Korkut , Dogan Tunca , Cetin Atalay Rengul , Kahraman Deniz Cansen , Nacak Baytas Sultan
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, driven mainly by chronic hepatitis infections and metabolic disorders, which highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 are crucial in HCC pathogenesis, making it a promising drug target. Indole‐based molecules show potential as therapeutic agents by interacting with key proteins like sirtuins involved in cancer progression. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel indole‐based small molecules and investigated their potential sirtuin inhibitory action and anticancer activity on HCC cell lines. Four of the twenty‐eight tested small molecules on different cancer types were selected (4 g, 4 h, 4o, and 7j) based on their structure–activity relationship and studied on a panel of HCC cell lines. Compounds had active drug‐target interactions with SIRT1 or SIRT2 based on DEEPScreen DTI predictions and docking studies which confirmed that 4o, 4 g, and 7j were most potent in their interaction with SIRT1. Compound 4 g caused the highest sirtuin activity inhibition in vitro and induced G1 arrest and apoptosis in HCC cell lines.
Activation of Alkenes via Chalcogen Bond: Chalcogen⋅⋅⋅π Bond Catalyzed the Diels‐Alder Reaction of 2‐Vinylindoles
Authors: Zhao Chang , Wang Mengmeng , Zeng Yanli
Published: October 2024

Chalcogen bond catalysis is a promising catalytic strategy, characterized by its environmental friendliness, relatively inexpensive cost, and similar reactivity to transition metal catalysis. Experimental results suggest that the S⋅⋅⋅π and Se⋅⋅⋅π bonds can efficiently drive the vinyl‐indole‐based Diels‐Alder reaction (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 9395–9400). In this work, chalcogen bond catalysis in the Diels‐Alder reaction between 2‐vinylindoles is investigated based on density functional theory. For this reaction, the Te⋅⋅⋅π bond catalysis is as an alternative catalytic strategy. The Diels‐Alder reaction catalyzed by chalcogen bond is stepwise and involves two steps: the carbon–carbon bond formation process and the cyclization process. The cyclization process is the rate‐determining step. From the perspective of energy decomposition analysis, the electrostatic interaction is the main factor to cause Se⋅⋅⋅π bond catalysis, the polarization interaction is the main factor to cause Te⋅⋅⋅π bond catalysis. Additionally, this catalytic reaction involves the endo pathway and exo pathway. The Gibbs free energy barrier values of the endo pathway are lower than those of the exo pathway, which facilitates the formation of the endo product. This study will provide a valuable perspective on the application of chalcogen bond in the activation of alkenes.
Banana slice drying using waste heat from an air conditioner for enhancing performance and sustainability
Authors: Murugesan Ganesh Karthikeyan , Murugesan Chandrasekar , Tamilkolundu Senthilkumar
Published: October 2024

As waste heat dryers (WHD) exhibit conservation of energy with environmental and economic benefits, the direct use of waste hot air rejected from the outdoor unit of a window air conditioning (AC) unit for drying banana slices is demonstrated experimentally in the present research work. For this purpose, a drying chamber was directly coupled to an AC unit (AC‐WHD) and analyzed its performance during banana slice drying by revisiting the concepts of generalized drying curve and drying performance index (DPI). The experimental data set of moisture content ratio obtained with AC‐WHD matched well with the generalized drying curve and the DPI value was found to be 0.999. It was found that the waste air supplied by the AC unit to the drying chamber was hot (≈ 50°C) and 28% dry, which aided the drying process. The thermodynamic performance of AC‐WHD was also evaluated using warm and wet exergy to provide insight into the mechanism of AC‐WHD drying. The exergy based sustainability index was higher while the exergetic destruction coefficient and environmental impact factor were lower for AC‐WHD when compared to literature values of the solar drying method. The findings of this research work indicate the practicality of coupling AC units with dryer units to address sustainable development goals (SDG).
Incorporation of trace metals in Hanford waste boehmite mineral phases and dissolution rate impacts
Authors: Westesen Amy M. , Lumetta Gregg J. , Peterson Reid A.
Published: October 2024

Data from radioactive Hanford tank waste samples was analyzed to assess whether trace metals present were incorporated into the bulk boehmite matrix or were simply intermingled with the bulk material and subsequent impacts to the boehmite dissolution rate. Results suggest that chromium is primarily blended into the bulk boehmite, with a small fraction present on the surface of the solids. However, increasing the level of chromium incorporation 30‐fold decreased the dissolution rate of boehmite by only 8%, suggesting incorporation of chromium into these samples had a minimal impact on the dissolution rate. Iron was also found to be incorporated in the boehmite solids. Silicon appears to be simply intermingled and not blended into the boehmite crystals.
Seismic analysis of bridge with buckling‐restrained brace posttensioned concrete pier
Authors: Upadhyay Anurag , Pantelides Chris P.
Published: October 2024

A two‐span bridge built with a two‐column pier consisting of unbonded posttensioned precast concrete columns and a buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) is analyzed using a three‐dimensional nonlinear numerical model. Seismic damage to the pier is eliminated through rocking of the posttensioned columns and seismic energy dissipation by the BRB. The numerical model is calibrated with experimental results of posttensioned columns and BRB structural elements. Seismic assessment of the bridge pier is performed using the ratio of BRB axial force to base shear as the parameter of interest. Limits for the seismic performance of the bridge pier are established by means of nonlinear static analysis using OpenSees. Bidirectional ground motions are used to perform probabilistic hazard analysis through nonlinear time history simulations. Three damage limit states are defined in this research: the activation point of posttensioning bars, the maximum base shear capacity or onset of concrete spalling, and collapse defined as the state at 20% loss of maximum base shear capacity. The analysis results are formulated into fragility curves for the three damage states as well as the residual drift. The fragility curves could be used for preliminary seismic bridge design. The analysis shows that the BRB dissipates significant seismic energy and the posttensioned concrete columns reduce residual displacements so that the bridge pier can remain functional after severe earthquakes. The fragility approach for designing bridge piers constructed with posttensioned concrete columns and BRB elements is a significant improvement over conventional seismic bridge design and can contribute to functional recovery after severe earthquakes.
Botnets Unveiled: A Comprehensive Survey on Evolving Threats and Defense Strategies
Authors: Asadi Mehdi , Jamali Mohammad Ali Jabraeil , Heidari Arash , Navimipour Nima Jafari
Published: October 2024

Botnets have emerged as a significant internet security threat, comprising networks of compromised computers under the control of command and control (C&C) servers. These malevolent entities enable a range of malicious activities, from denial of service (DoS) attacks to spam distribution and phishing. Each bot operates as a malicious binary code on vulnerable hosts, granting remote control to attackers who can harness the combined processing power of these compromised hosts for synchronized, highly destructive attacks while maintaining anonymity. This survey explores botnets and their evolution, covering aspects such as their life cycles, C&C models, botnet communication protocols, detection methods, the unique environments botnets operate in, and strategies to evade detection tools. It analyzes research challenges and future directions related to botnets, with a particular focus on evasion and detection techniques, including methods like encryption and the use of covert channels for detection and the reinforcement of botnets. By reviewing existing research, the survey provides a comprehensive overview of botnets, from their origins to their evolving tactics, and evaluates how botnets evade detection and how to counteract their activities. Its primary goal is to inform the research community about the changing landscape of botnets and the challenges in combating these threats, offering guidance on addressing security concerns effectively through the highlighting of evasion and detection methods. The survey concludes by presenting future research directions, including using encryption and covert channels for detection and strategies to strengthen botnets. This aims to guide researchers in developing more robust security measures to combat botnets effectively.
Credentialing care: COVID‐19 and the bureaucratization of doulas
Authors: Block Ellen , Johnson Searcy Julie , Castañeda Angela N.
Published: October 2024

Doulas in the United States offer embodied, informational, and continuous one‐on‐one care to birthing people. Doulas have historically sought certification to gain knowledge through training and to gain legitimacy for healthcare providers and clients. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, hospitals required doulas to provide proof of certification. The COVID‐19 pandemic, and the proliferation of state‐sponsored doula programs, has sparked a shift in how doulas are viewed and regulated, enabling new forms of bureaucratic oversight and control. Based on participant observation, surveys, and semi‐structured interviews, we examine the connection between certification and care including motivations doulas have for certification, the perceived value of certification, certification as a form of gatekeeping, and increased bureaucratization of doulas. Using a critical feminist approach, we argue that increased bureaucratization and surveillance of doulas has not improved standards of care or led to more equitable access. Indeed, doulas provide a window into the negative impact of bureaucratization on care. While some of these negative impacts are byproducts of policies intended to increase oversight and access to doula care, we argue that increased bureaucratization and surveillance of doulas is also intended to act as a gatekeeping mechanism demonstrating how policies contribute to uneven reproduction.
Multi‐Objective Optimization and Experimental Research of Ship Form Based on Improved Bare‐Bones Multi‐Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Baoji , Lai Yuyang , Fang Liqiao
Published: October 2024

Ship form optimization poses a complex and high‐dimensional engineering challenge. Therefore, when conducting multi‐objective optimization research of ship forms, traditional intelligent optimization algorithms are prone to falling into local optima solution and difficult to converge. In order to effectively improve the diversity and convergence performance of the algorithm, this paper improves the bare‐bones multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (BBMOPSO) algorithm by dynamically adjusting the local and global search step sizes, and verifies the algorithm's reliability through standard function testing. Then, a multi‐objective optimization design framework with high efficiency and high integration is constructed. Taking DTMB 5512 as the research case, Free Form Deformation (FFD) method is used for hull deformation, and the proposed algorithm is used for multi‐objective optimization of resistance performance and motion response. Ship model tests were conducted on the DTMB 5512's original hull. And the numerical simulations were compared with the ship model tests. Finally, under the constructed multi‐objective optimization design framework, satisfactory solutions were obtained through the improved algorithm, which confirms the effectiveness and practicality of the improved algorithm. The results show that the algorithm improved in this paper can provide some theoretical basis and technical support for green ship design and low‐carbon shipping.
Exploring the integration of InSAR data into climate‐driven creep models to assess slow‐moving landslide dynamics
Authors: Marte Roman , Keuschnig Markus , Neureiter Patrik , Ramoser Hannes , Valentin Gerald
Published: October 2024

The deformation behavior of slow‐moving large landslides is often governed by rainfall characteristics. Based on observational data such as precipitation, deformation measurement, and pore water pressure measurements in the slip zone, in many cases a strong correlation between strong rainfall events, a time‐delayed increase of pore water pressures in the slip zone, and, simultaneously to this, an increase of the deformation rate of the landslide can be found. Based on such detailed data, calculation models, which couples the relation between rainfall characteristics and the development of pore water pressures in the slip zone on one hand and the deformation behavior of the slope on the other, can be developed and be used for a better understanding and a prediction of deformation behavior of such slow‐moving landslides. Climate change issues will lead to a change in rainfall frequency and magnitude and annual temperature distribution characteristics in several regions worldwide, which will also lead to changes in the deformation behavior of such large landslides. In this contribution, satellite‐based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data are discussed to be used as source for deformation measurements as bases for prediction models describing the rainfall‐triggered deformation behavior of slow‐moving landslides.
Examining the link between gut microbiota and periodontitis in East Asians using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Xia Yu , Wu Yadong , Yin Xinhai , Song Jukun
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study explores the possible connection between periodontitis and gut microbiota in East Asians, a relationship that has been largely unexplored until now.

Methods

Using publicly available genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR). We analyzed GWAS summary statistics to assess if gut microbiota could causally influence periodontitis risk. We applied methods such as MR‐Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighting, and simple MR, and conducted sensitivity analyses to confirm our findings.

Results

Utilizing the Inverse‐Variance Weighted approach, we identified potential causal relationships between 17 host‐genetically influenced gut microbiota characteristics and periodontitis, including Granulicatella adiacens, Bilophila wadsworthia, and Thermosinus. Specifically, G. adiacens was linked to an increased risk of periodontitis (odds ratios [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02−1.15, p = 0.0004), while B. wadsworthia was linked to a decreased likelihood of tooth loss (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96−0.99, p = 0.0005). No evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed across sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

This study reveals a causal relationship between specific microorganisms and periodontitis in the Asian population, shedding light on the influence of gut microbiota on periodontitis.
Association between depression and adherence to upper limb exercises among community‐dwelling stroke survivors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gnanaprakasam Alexander , Solomon John M. , Roy Ajit Kumar , Deshmukh Anagha Srikant , Karthikbabu Suruliraj
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Upper limb recovery after stroke tends to be slower and incomplete. Participation in motor rehabilitation and exercise adherence are crucial to improve motor recovery. However, post‐stroke depression (PSD) could impede active participation in exercises. Therefore, this study investigates the association between depression and exercise adherence among community‐dwelling stroke survivors.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 215 stroke survivors undergoing motor rehabilitation between February 2021 and January 2023. Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and Stroke‐Specific Measure of Adherence to Home‐based Exercises (SS‐MAHE) were measured to assess depression symptoms and exercise adherence, respectively. Fugl‐Meyer Assessment‐Upper Extremity (FMA‐UE) was administered to identify the influence of impairment on these factors. Chi‐square and multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the relationships between these measurements.

Results

Using the Chi‐square test, the PHQ‐9 was significantly associated with SS‐MAHE (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with moderate depression had lower odds of exercise adherence (OR:0.69, 95%CI:0.56, 0.85, p < 0.01) compared to those with no depression. Type of exercises such as movement‐based (OR:2.00, 95%CI:1.80, 2.24, p < 0.001) and task‐based exercises (OR:1.80, 95%CI:1.53, 2.13, p < 0.001), had higher adherence odds compared to those not exercising. Severe impairment (FMA‐UE) was significantly associated with lower exercise adherence (OR:0.71, 95%CI:0.54, 0.94, p < 0.05) and an increased risk of minimal depression (RR:11.09, 95%CI:1.17, 105.04, p < 0.05) compared to mild impairment.

Conclusions

PSD significantly impacts exercise adherence, with moderate depression notably reducing adherence rates. Incorporating mental health support into stroke rehabilitation could improve exercise adherence and potentially enhance upper limb motor recovery outcomes.
High‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on a double‐spiral zigzag‐origami structure for continuous sensing and signal transmission in marine environment
Authors: Jiang Yang , Chen Pengfei , Han Jiajia , Liang Xi , Ming Yutong , Liu Shijie , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: October 2024

With the rapid evolution of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, big data, robotics, and novel materials, the landscape of global ocean science and technology is undergoing significant transformation. Ocean wave energy stands out as one of the most promising clean and renewable energy sources. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a cutting‐edge technology for harnessing such random and ultra‐low frequency energy toward blue energy. A high‐performance TENG incorporating a double‐spiral zigzag‐origami structure is engineered to achieve continuous sensing and signal transmission in marine environment. Integrating the double‐spiral origami into the TENG system enables efficient energy harvesting from the ocean waves by converting low‐frequency wave vibrations into high‐frequency motions. Under the water wave triggering of 0.8 Hz, the TENG generates a maximum peak power density of 55.4 W m−3, and a TENG array with six units can generate an output current of 375.2 μA (density of 468.8 mA m−3). This power‐managed TENG array effectively powers a wireless water quality detector and transmits signals without an external power supply. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable and renewable energy technologies for oceanic applications and open new pathways for designing advanced materials and structures in the field of energy harvesting.
A longitudinal study of adolescent pathways differentiating suicide ideation and attempt in early adulthood
Authors: Morneau‐Vaillancourt Geneviève , Orri Massimiliano , Ouellet‐Morin Isabelle , Geoffroy Marie‐Claude , Boivin Michel
Published: October 2024

Objective

Suicide ideation and attempt are leading risk factors for mortality in young adults. However, the adolescent risk factors distinguishing suicide ideation from attempt in young adults remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine the extent to which within‐person stability and change in depressive symptoms, school difficulties, and peer victimization from ages 12 to 17 were differentially associated with later suicide ideation and attempt from ages 20 to 23.

Method

The study included 1647 participants from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD; 52% female). Participants reported on their depressive symptoms, school difficulties, and peer victimization at ages 12, 13, 15, and 17, and on suicide ideation and attempt at ages 20 and 23. Data were collected in the Province of Quebec, Canada, between 2010 and 2021.

Results

Results indicated that 11% (N = 121) and 8% (N = 86) reported suicide ideation and attempt, respectively, between ages 20 and 23. A random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel model showed that within‐person increases in depressive symptoms during adolescence were related to both suicide ideation and attempt, whereas within‐person increases in school difficulties and peer victimization were for the most part related to suicide attempt only. Within‐person stability in depressive symptoms from ages 12 to 17 years were also related to suicide attempt, and not ideation. However, this association was only marginally significant.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that experiencing unusual rises in school difficulties and peer victimization during adolescence, as well as depressive symptoms persisting over time, may distinguish young adults who think about suicide from those who attempt suicide.
Prospective associations between heterogeneous sleep profiles and depressive symptoms in adolescents: The mediating role of coping styles
Authors: Xie Zhaoyang , Bi Kaiwen , Feng Ningning , Ji Xiaoqing , Liu Yifan , Lam Hodar , Yu Hanlu , Cui Lijuan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Extant literature has linked sleep disturbance to depressive symptoms. However, the coexistence of naturally occurring sleep profiles among adolescents and the prospective associations between sleep profiles and depressive symptoms remain poorly understood. This study aims to uncover sleep patterns in Chinese adolescents based on a comprehensive set of sleep features (e.g., latency, daytime dysfunction, etc.) derived from the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and investigate the relationship between these profiles and subsequent depressive symptoms mediated by positive and negative coping styles.

Methods

Five thousand five hundred five adolescents from Shandong province, China, enrolled (Mage = 16.83 years; 49.9% girls) in a two‐wave longitudinal study (T1 in August 2023; T2 in February 2024). Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify adolescent sleep patterns. Mediation and sensitivity analyses were used to examine prospective associations between sleep patterns, coping styles, and depressive symptoms.

Results

Four qualitatively distinct sleep profiles emerged: Healthy Sleepers (18.9%), Latency but Functioning Sleepers (13.6%), Efficient but Dysfunctional Sleepers (57.5%), and Medicated Maladaptive Sleepers (10.0%). Using the Healthy Sleepers as a reference group, Latency but Functional Sleepers, Efficient but Dysfunctional Sleepers, and Medicated Maladaptive Sleepers all predicted subsequent depressive symptoms through positive coping styles rather than negative coping styles. The relative indirect effects were 0.19, 0.19, and 0.32, respectively.

Conclusions

The study underscored that adolescents exhibit distinct sleep patterns, and specific sleep profiles may be prospectively associated with depressive symptoms mediated by positive coping styles.
Serum Lipid Profile and Electrolytes Reference Intervals for Apparently Healthy Children and Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Ousman , Kassaw Melkitu , Befekadu Endalkachew , G/Egzeabher Letebrhan , Tolcha Yosef , Challa Feyissa , Kebede Adisu , Ashebir Genet , Meles Mehari , Hassen Fatuma , Zerfu Biruk , Abera Dessie , Belay Abiy , Aboneh Fikirte , Hailu Daniel , Abebe Workabeba , Desta Kassu , Wolde Mistire , Tsegaye Aster
Published: October 2024

Background

Accurate reference intervals generated from an apparently healthy population and stratified by crucial variables such as age and gender are required to guarantee appropriate interpretation of test results. Since there were no local reference intervals in the study area, the present study aimed to establish reference intervals on serum lipid profiles and electrolytes for children and adolescents in Addis Ababa.

Methods

This community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from April to October 2019. Laboratory analysis was performed using the automatic biochemical analyzer Cobas 6000 (c501) from Roche. According to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, reference intervals for lipid profile and electrolyte tests for apparently healthy children and adolescents were established. We used a non‐parametric method to calculate the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles with a 90% confidence interval.

Results

In children, the reference intervals for serum potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in mmol/L were 4.37–5.20, 137–145.50, 101.90–107.90, 2.34–2.70, 0.74–0.97, and 1.42–1.85, respectively; and for total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, and high‐density lipoprotein, the respective values were 100.76–171.70, 44.16–126.36, 60.60–105.60, and 31.60–53.70 in mg/dL, for both genders. For adolescents, the reference intervals were 4.03–5.58, 137–146, 98.90–120.90, 2.39–2.70, 0.73–0.96, and 0.96–1.80 for serum potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in mmol/L, respectively; and 97.20–189.10, 40.50–143.60, 41.70–120.90, and 21.30–57.0 in mg/dL for total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, and high‐density lipoprotein, respectively, for both genders.

Conclusion

The established reference intervals in the current study revealed that both the lower and upper limits contradicted the manufacturer values as well as the available literature. The study also discovered significant gender differences in reference values for TC, TG, LDL‐C, potassium, phosphate, and chloride in the adolescent age groups.
Dynamic Ultrasound Assessment for Diagnosis of Pseudo‐Patellar Clunk Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Carlson Steven R. , Klein Gregg R. , Cherian Chris
Published: October 2024

Patellar clunk syndrome (PCS) is a complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) leading to audible and palpable clunking of the patellofemoral joint as the knee is extended out of deep flexion. While historically a clinical diagnosis, some cases require further workup and imaging. Here, we demonstrated the utility of dynamic ultrasound assessment for a patient with clunking after TKA and identified a variant of PCS that is not well described in the literature. Therefore, this case provides considerations for the workup of post‐TKA knee clunking while illustrating unique findings that may contribute to a more challenging diagnosis.
Prognostic significance of plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load in immunocompetent patients with CMV pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aydın Güçlü Özge , Demirdöğen Ezgi , Kazak Esra , Acet Öztürk Nilüfer Aylin , Yıldız Merve Nur , Terzi Orkun Eray , Görek Dilektaşlı Aslı , Ursavaş Ahmet
Published: October 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia, often presented as pneumonitis, is characterized by respiratory failure and large interstitial infiltrates visible on chest radiographs. This retrospective cohort study investigates the predictive significance of plasma CMV DNA load on the short‐ and long‐term mortality among immunocompetent patients diagnosed with CMV pneumonia. The study included 61 immunocompetent patients suspected of having CMV pneumonia, treated with intravenous ganciclovir after positive CMV DNA results from bronchoalveolar lavage or plasma. Our multivariate Cox regression analysis identified several independent predictors of mortality. Having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) significantly increased the risk of in‐hospital mortality (HR: 7.27, 95% CI: 1.62–32.52, p = 0.009), as did shorter durations of antiviral therapy (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.97, p = 0.005) and higher CMV DNA levels (>3870 IU/mL; HR: 9.63, 95% CI: 2.32–39.98, p = 0.002). High CMV DNA levels (>5154 IU/mL) were also predictors of 30‐day mortality (HR: 9.39, 95% CI: 2.20–40.01, p = 0.002). For 1‐year mortality, the presence of IPF (HR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.08–8.06, p = 0.034), hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) (HR: 4.30, 95% CI: 1.57–11.78, p = 0.005), shorter duration of total antiviral therapy (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99, p = 0.010), and higher CMV DNA levels (>327 IU/mL) (HR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.33–8.47, p = 0.010) were identified as independent determinants. The study reveals that IPF increases short and long‐term mortality risks, while HP increases long‐term mortality. Extended antiviral treatment duration results in a 10% reduction in in‐hospital mortality for each additional day of treatment. Furthermore, elevated viral loads are associated with higher mortality rates, highlighting the necessity for careful monitoring.
A novel variant BCL11B mutation in a pediatric patient with difficult‐to‐treat eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Day Nikita Lalchandani , Carlson Lauren P. , Buendia Matthew A. , Hiremath Girish
Published: October 2024

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immunoinflammatory disease of the esophagus attributable to a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. While several genetic risk variants have been linked with EoE, we report a novel association between B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B genetic mutation in a child with dysmorphic facies, developmental delays, atopic comorbidities, and difficult‐to‐treat EoE. After a prolonged course of EoE and multiple esophagogastroduodenoscopies with biopsies, this patient achieved clinical and histologic remission on a combination of swallowed topical steroids and high‐dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. However, her EoE relapsed when we attempted to wean her off PPI, and it was finally controlled after adding PPI back to her regimen. This report underscores the importance of genetic testing in patients with unusual clinical features and difficult‐to‐treat EoE. Relevant to real‐world clinical practice, this case also raises the question of the treatment goals in children with EoE and underlying genetic mutation(s).
Meckel's diverticulum: A challenging diagnosis
Authors: Kaihlanen Kathryn , Phen Claudia , Sengupta Anita , Diesen Diana , Fernandes Neil J. , Rojas Isabel
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This single‐center, cross‐sectional study aims to elucidate the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and outcomes in a subset of pediatric patients with atypical and/or challenging presentations of Meckel's diverticulum.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center cross‐sectional study on children diagnosed with Meckel's diverticulum at Children's Health in Dallas, Texas between 2010 and 2022. We identified 11 patients aged 0–17‐years‐old with confirmed Meckel's diverticulum who presented with atypical symptoms and/or a challenging diagnostic course. Patient demographics, symptoms at presentation, diagnostic workup, time to diagnosis, management, and outcomes were collected. Descriptive statistics were utilized.

Results

Eleven patients (n = 8, 73% male) were included in the study with an average age of 10.5 years (range: 1–17 years). The mean time interval from initial presentation of symptoms to diagnosis was 8 months (range: 0–33 months). Barriers to diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum identified in our study included atypical presentations, negative or nonconfirmatory Meckel scan results, negative surgical findings, and competing differential diagnoses.

Conclusion

Meckel's diverticulum is a challenging diagnosis and should be considered even if initial evaluation is negative as certain patients exhibit atypical presentations that necessitate surgical intervention for diagnosis.
Role of gastric ultrasound in pediatric Menetrier's disease: Report of two cases
Authors: Pellegrino Francesco , Opramolla Anna , Pizzol Antonio , Rigazio Caterina , Giugliano Laura , Pinon Michele , Calvo Pier Luigi
Published: October 2024

Menetrier's disease (MD) is a protein‐losing gastropathy characterized by acute generalized edema due to hypoalbuminemia. MD is rare in childhood, and it is commonly associated with cytomegalovirus infection. We reported two children, who presented with a history of generalized edema after some days of abdominal pain and diarrhea. Laboratory tests showed hypoalbuminemia with no proteinuria. Thoracic and abdominal ultrasound (US) revealed respectively pleural and pericardial effusion and ascites. A specific gastric echography showed gastric wall thickening (>3 mm) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed prominent folds in the gastric body and fundus, with a subsequent histological confirmation of Menetrier diagnosis. They were discharged after several albumin infusions. A US follow‐up confirmed the remission of the disease after 1 and 6 months. Gastric US revealed accurate in the diagnosis of this rare condition and in its follow‐up. avoiding a second endoscopy in the short term.