bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect Addition of Octadecylamine Modified Clay (ODA-MMT) to Polylactide/Polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) Blend
Authors: Hairaldin Siti Zulaiha , Wan Yunus Wan Md Zin , Ibrahim Nor Azowa
Published: October 2011

In this study, Octadecylamine Modified montmorillonites (ODAMMT) were used to prepare polylactide/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) clay nanocomposites. PLA and PCL were blend using an internal mixer by melt blending method. The other sample was blend with natrium monmorillonite (NaMMT) and Octadecylamine modified monmorillonite to produce PLA/PCL-NaMMT and PLA/PCL-ODAMMT. To characterize the polymer nanocomposite, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and SEM analysis were conducted. Comparison of morphology were made up between neat PLA/PCL, PLA/PCL with presence of of montmorillonite and octadecylamine modified monmorillonite respectively based on SEM micrograph. The number-average diameter was calculated for PLA/PCL, PLA/PCL-NaMMT, and PLA/PCL-ODAMMT.
The Fabrication of Ag Islands on AlN/GaN/AlN/Si(111) by Using Thermal Evaporator and Thermal Annealing Methods
Authors: Yusoff Mohd Zaki Mohd , Mahyuddin А. , Zainuriah Hassan , Haslan Abu Hassan , Abdullah Mat Johar , Yusof Yushamdan
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we studied growth of AlN/GaN/AlN on Si (111) by using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) system. The structural and optical characteristics of the sample have been investigated by using high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). PL spectrum of the sample has shown sharp and intense band edge emission of GaN with the absence of yellow emission band, indicating good crystal quality of the sample. The silver (Ag) metal contact was then deposited on the sample followed by thermal treatment at 500°C and 700°C, respectively. Treated sample at 700°C showed good spherical Ag islands on sample compared to the treated sample at 500°C. The effect of Ag islands on the electrical characteristics of sample was also examined by using I-V measurement. The results showed that the treated sample at 700°C has decreased the photo-current of Schottky diode.
Rectifying Behavior of Aligned ZnO Nanorods on Mg0.3Zn0.7O Thin Film Template
Authors: Muhamad Salina , Abu Bakar Suriani , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Ahmad Rafidah , Rusop Mohamad
Published: October 2011

Rectifying behavior more than 3 orders of aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown on Mg0.3Zn0.7O thin film template using chemical bath deposition method was observed, giving a barrier height of 0.75 eV, and the ideality factor achieved was almost 6, which was analyzed using thermionic emission theory. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images revealed that the grown ZnO was in hexagonal shape, uniformly distributed and in vertically aligned form. The crystallinity of the sample being studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), where the highest peak was found at (002) phase, confirming that high crytallinity of ZnO was attained. The effect of metal/semiconductor junction between metal and aligned ZnO nanorods was discussed in further details.
Two Steps Synthesis of Quaternary Metal Titanate of Ba2NiTi5O13 and Characterization
Authors: Ker Yin Chew , Mohamad Abu Bakar
Published: October 2011

Quaternary metal oxide of Ba2NiTi5O13 was synthesized by using two-step sol-gel method. Excess of titanium dioxide obtained from the first step of sol-gel synthesis, were subsequently reacted in second step of sol-gel synthesis in order to produce Ba2NiTi5O13 monoclinic phase. Calcination temperature of 900 °C for as long as 8 hours was needed for obtaining pure phase of Ba2NiTi5O13. Homogenous micron sized particles of Ba2NiTi5O13 with average size of 0.10 μm and narrow distribution were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Besides, porous structures can also be seen distributed across the surface of the particles of Ba2NiTi5O13 particles. Characterization of monoclinic phase of Ba2NiTi5O13 was described based on the investigations of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA).
Effect of Cao from Different Sources on the Nanostructured Cordierite
Authors: Norfadhilah Ibrahim , Mohamad Hasmaliza , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Banjuraizah J.
Published: October 2011

Cordierite was synthesized via glass-route using mineral and pure oxide material. Kaolin, talc, dolomite, magnesia, alumina, silica, and calcium oxide were mixed and melted. CaO from mineral and pure oxide was added in order to investigate the properties of each material in cordierite system. Sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and dilatometer testing. The result showed that when 5wt% CaO from mineral (C5 Min) was added and sintered at 900°C, α-cordierite exist as major phase and anorthite as a minor phase. While for a sample consists of 5wt% CaO from pure oxide (C5 Ox), α-cordierite was present as major phases, µ-cordierite and anorthite as minor phases. Crystallite sizes of each material were in nanorange and crystallite size of C5 Ox was less than C5 Min.
Analyses of Heavy Metal Content in Different Particles Size of Centella asiatica
Authors: Borhan M.Z. , Ahmad R. , Rusop Mohamad , Abdullah Saifollah
Published: October 2011

Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) are the heavy metal and categorized as high toxicity compound. This element can be found in the animal and plant from bio accumulation mechanism. This bio accumulation will lead to the toxicity when its concentration surpasses regulated value. Centella asiatica is a plant belonging to the Umbelliferae family, hydrocotyle order, which has been used for curing of venous ulcers and venous hypertension for its activity on connective tissue metabolism and endothelial integrity. This plant also widely used in formulation of drugs and cosmetic. In order to produce high quality herbal product, the characterization and standardization of heavy metal content using modern technique must be carried out. Centella asiatica nanopowders were produced at different grinding condition and analyzed for As content using ICP-OES (Optima 7300 DV, Perkin Elmer). The confirmations of size were carried out using nanoZeta Sizer S (Malvern Instrument) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. The results obtained show that As, Cd and Pb presence in all type of grinding below the acceptable daily intake by the world health organization (WHO).
Preparation of Palm Oil Based Carbon Nanotubes at Various Ferrocene Concentration
Authors: Azmina M. S. , Abu Bakar Suriani , Falina A.N. , Salina M. , Rosly J. , Rusop M.
Published: October 2011

In this work, different ferrocene concentration (1.0-8.0 wt%) of bio-hydrocarbon palm oil precursor were utilized to investigate its effect on the characteristics of the produced carbon nanotubes (CNT). The palm oil-ferrocene mixture was vaporized at 450°C and pyrolyzed at 800°C for 30 min time in argon ambient. The CNT were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis. The analysis confirmed different diameter and morphologies of CNT were formed when different ferrocene concentration were used. FTIR spectra show the prominent peak at ~1445, 1736, 2851 and 2925 cm-1 that are identified as CNT and C–Hx respectively.
Characterization of ZnS Nanoparticles Using MPA as Capping Agents
Authors: Rosli Siti Azlina , Zubir Z. A. , Aziz N.M.A.
Published: October 2011

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous solution precipitation using MPA as capping agents were reported. The 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was used as the capping agent to control the size of the ZnS nanoparticles. We found that the particles size of ZnS using MPA as capping agent was less than 10nm; ranging from 6-8 nm in size and sphere in shape using TEM measurements. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence and optical absorption were collected using Spectrofluorometer. As the results, the emission band for photoluminescence spectra was blue (~ 425 nm) appeared for samples before refluxed. For samples which were refluxed for 7 hours, the photoluminescence consists of a peak at 385 nm.
New Effective Catalytic Materials Based on Modified Heterosubstituted Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Savilov Serguei V. , Ivanov Anton S. , Suslova Evgeniya V. , Egorov Alexander V. , Antonov Petr E. , Lunin Valery V.
Published: October 2011

Present work deals with development of the synthetic procedures for nitrogen and phosphorous substituted multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by pyrolytic technique followed by surface modification by cobalt nanoparticles and utilization of the composite obtained in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. It is shown that heterosubstitution in CNT structure changes the electron capacity and acid-based properties of the system, allow effectively stabilize metal nanoparticles of 2-4 nm size and yields to thermally stable and effective catalyst for cobalt FT synthesis.
A Study of the Nanostructure of the Cellulose of Acacia mangium Wood by X-Ray Diffraction and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Tamer Tabet A. , Abdul Aziz Fauziah , Shahidan Radiman
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop practical and reliable small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction methods to study the nanostructure of the wood cell wall and to use these methods to systematically study the nanostructure of Acacia mangium wood grown in Sabah, Malaysia. Methods to determine the microfibril angle (MFA) distribution, the crystallinity of wood, and the average size of cellulose crystallites were developed and these parameters were determined as a function of the tree age and the distance from pith towards the bark. The mean MFA in Acacia mangium increases rapidly as a function of the number of the year and after the 7th year-old it varies between 6° and 10°. The thickness of cellulose crystallites for Acacia mangium appears to be constant as a function of the tree age after 10-year-old. The obtained mean value is 3.20 nm. The size of the cellulose crystallites was also quite constant after 11 year-old. The maximum value of the width of the crystallites for Acacia mangium was 2.34 nm at the pith region, while the minimum value was 0.290 nm at the bark region. The mass fraction of crystalline cellulose in wood is the crystallinity of wood and the intrinsic crystallinity of cellulose. The crystallinity of wood increases from the 3nd year-old to the 10th year-old from the pith and is constant after the 10th year.
Synthesis and Physical Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Coated by Conducting Polypyrrole
Authors: Bahrami Afarin , Talib Z.A. , Yunus W. Mahmood Mat , Behzad Kasra , Soltani Nayereh
Published: October 2011

This study describes the preparation of polypyrrole multiwall carbon nanotube (PPy/MWNT) composites by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. Various ratios of functionalized MWNTs are dispersed in the water, and PPy are then synthesized via in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization on the surface of the carbon nanotubes. The morphology of the resulting complex nanotubes (MWNT-PPY) was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The conductivity of each composite showed a maximum in the temperature scale of 120 – 160 °C and then decreased dramatically with the increase of temperature. The resultant PPy/MWNT nanotubes enhanced electrical conductivity and thermal stability of nanocomposite compared to PPy which was strongly influenced by the feed ratio of pyrrole to MWNTs.
Study on Controlled Size, Shape and Dispersity of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Synthesized via Seeded-Growth Technique for Immunoassay Labeling
Authors: Siti Rabizah Makhsin , Khairunisak Abdul Razak , Abdul Aziz Azlan , Noordin Rahmah
Published: October 2011

This study describes the formation of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a simple seeded-growth technique. The size and surface morphology of AuNPs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to determine the wavelength and absorption of AuNPs. In the seed stage, the effect of trisodium citrate volume was studied. The size of AuNPs at seed stage was varied from 15 to 40 nm with decreasing volume of trisodium citrate. In the growth stage, the effects of seed solution volume and concentration of hydroxylamine were studied. The size of AuNPs produced became larger when the amount of seed solution was reduced. This approach was beneficial to produce AuNPs with the size range from 15 to 150 nm. The increase of hydroxylamine concentration increased the size of AuNPs. However, after the concentration of hydroxylamine reached supersaturation condition (3 M NH2OH.HCl), the AuNPs formed in a bulk and clusters. Selected sizes of AuNPs were then conjugated to antibody and proved by testing on the immunoassay test strip. The observation using naked eyes for the appearance of red lines on the immunoassay test strip showed that AuNPs were successfully conjugated to antibody and specifically bound to the antigen drawn on the strip assay by tested with positive and negative serum of the disease.
Effect of Sonochemical Duration on the Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Nanowires
Authors: Suhaizam S. , Taufiq-Yap Y.H. , Wong Y. C.
Published: October 2011

Nanowires V2O5 was synthesized by sonochemical pretreatment using NaNO3 in several durations (30 – 120 min). XRD patterns of the sonicated V2O5 gave similar structure with a pure V2O5 phase without the presence of other diffraction peaks which attributed to any different phases. Prolonged the duration of sonication also has led to an increased in the intensity peaks of the diffraction peaks, which indicate relatively high crystallinity. TEM micrographs show that after 120 min pretreatment, nanowires V2O5 with much smaller diameter (~10 – 15 nm) was produced and has explained the main factor for the decrement in the crystallite sizes of the sonicated V2O5 found in the XRD data. The TEM micrographs also show that the sonicated V2O5 formed bulk of nanowires V2O5 when the duration of sonication was prolonged. The high energy of ultrasonic pretreatment induced the self-assembled phenomenon which caused the nanowires V2O5 to agglomerate and formed bundle.
The Effect of CeO2 and Fe2O3 Dopants on Ni/ Alumina Based Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane to Hydrogen
Authors: Sivasangar S. , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin
Published: October 2011

Methane reforming is the most feasible techniques to produce hydrogen for commercial usage. Hence, dry reforming is the environment friendly method that uses green house gases such as CO2 and methane to produce fuel gas. Catalysts play a vital role in methane conversion by enhancing the reforming process. In this study Ni/γ-Al2O3 was selected as based catalyst and CeO2 and Fe2O3 dopants were added to investigate their effect on catalytic activity in dry reforming. The catalysts synthesized through wet impregnation method and characterized by using XRD, TEM and SEM-EDX. The catalytic tests were carried out using temperature programmed reaction (TPRn) and the products were detected by using an online mass spectrometer. The results revealed that these dopants significantly affect the catalytic activity and selectivity of the catalyst during reaction. Hence, Fe2O3 doped catalyst shows higher hydrogen production with stable catalytic activity.
Template Sol-Gel Synthesis of Phosphorescent Mesoporous Silica Film Nanocomposites Using an Amphiphilic Gold (I) Pyrazolate Complex
Authors: Lintang Hendrik O. , Kinbara Kazushi , Aida Takuzo
Published: October 2011

Herein novel mesoporous silica film nanocomposites are successfully synthesized by using phosphorescent columnar assembly of an amphiphilic trinuclear gold (I) pyrazolate complex [Au3Pz3] as a functional template in the sol-gel synthesis. By controlling the molar ratios of silica source tetrabutylorthosilicate (TBOS) to [Au3Pz3] in an acidic aqueous alcohol solution from 60:1 to 20:1, highly ordered phosphorescent nanocomposites can be fabricated with hexagonal [Au3Pz3]/silicahex and lamellar [Au3Pz3]/silicalam silicates.
Fabrication of the Composite Ceramic Material ACS
Authors: Sun De Ming , Xu Chong Hai , Yang Liu Bo , Li Jing
Published: October 2011

Based on the theory of thermodynamics, the chemical compatibility of the possible composition system of ceramic material Al2O3/Cr3C2/SiC (for short ACS) was analyzed. The results show that no chemical reaction could take place under 1800°C through Cr3C2, SiC and Al2O3. And it was tested by the fabrication of the Al2O3/Cr3C2/SiC composite with the hot pressing sintering technique. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of ACS are super than the Al2O3 ceramic.
Expressions of Parts Information in Collaborative Design
Authors: Feng Xiang Zhong
Published: October 2011

In collaborative design, it is very important to effectively express complex parts information. In this paper, the several expressions for parts information are analyzed, the expressions are parts information expressions of geometry-oriented model, the multi-view expressions of parts information, the exchange of parts information between heterogeneous systems, and share of parts information geographically distributed. And the expressions are used to describe the parts information.
Study on Treatment Technology of Mature Landfill Leachate
Authors: Bai Xuan , Hu Xiao Min , Shan Ming Jun , Pan Da Wei , Wang Yan Qiu , Lv Yan Li
Published: October 2011

An energy saving processes was developed on the treatment of mature landfill leachate. The process adopted biochemical and physicochemical process to deal with COD and NH3-N which were the main pollutant indexes according to the characteristics of mature landfill. The experimental wastewater was from leachate pond of Anshan Yang’eryu landfill. The principle and course of simultaneous nitrogen removal and degradation of organic pollutants were elucidated. For the treated landfill leachate by the process, COD and TN removal rates reached over 95% and 65%, respectively, reaching the first class standard of “Sewage Comprehensive Discharging Standard”(GB8978-1996) for china.
Synthesis and Activity Determination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Derived from αs1-Casein Protein
Authors: Ren Ya Lin , Cong Yan Jun , Chen Cun She
Published: October 2011

A lot of peptides were synthesized on the basis of the sequence of αs1-casein. These tri-peptides with the characteristics of low toxicity and high biological activity will be applied to screen a new type of antihypertensive drug. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) with the better biological activity were screened and their structure-activity relationship was studied. The method of Fmoc solid-phase synthesis had been used to synthesize tri-peptides, and the principle, species, steps of which had been introduced respectively. HPLC assay was applied to screen the activity of ACEI by detecting the concentrate of hippuric acid, which can correspond with the inhibitory activity of tri-peptides. The results showed that the tri-peptides containing hydrophobic amino acid or praline had higher inhibition activity, and the same to the one that containing an aromatic amino acid in N-terminal.
Propagation of SH Wave in Composites with Parallel Cylindrical Nanoholes
Authors: Qiang Fang Wei , Wei Pei Jun , Liu Xi Qiang
Published: October 2011

The effective propagation constants of coherent elastic SH wave in composites with random distributed parallel cylindrical nanoholes in host material are studied. The surface elastic theory is used to consider the surface stress effects and to derive the nontraditional boundary condition on the surface of nanoholes. The plane wave expansion method is applied to obtain the scattering waves from the individual cylindrical nanohole. The multiple scattering effects are taken into consideration by the configuration averaging of random distributed scatterers. The effective velocity and attenuation of coherent SH wave are numerically evaluated. The influence of surface stress is discussed based on the numerical results.
Enology Characteristics of Yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora uvarum Selected for Chinese Original Wine
Authors: Liu Tian Ming , Wang Hui Hui , Wang Ke , Wang Hui , Zhao Xiu Bao , Tang Yu Qi
Published: October 2011

The enology characteristics were studied by three yeast strains of pure and mixed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae QM, ZYFJQ and Hanseniaspora uvarum YQY with Cabernet sauvignon grape,respectively, while the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC212 was made as a control, in order to screen excellent yeast strains or the combination of those for the original wine. Chemical indices of the wines by three stiains were analyzed including ethanol, total acidity, volatile acidity and residual reducing sugar. Flavor compounds in wines and in must were extracted by dichloromethane and identified by GC–MS.The results showed that the chemical indices of the wine from selected strains could satisfy with the demand of Chinese national standard, and the volatiles were mainly the 2-phenylethanol, which shaped the main characteristics of wine aroma components. yeast strain QM and YQY got the best balance between acetate and alcohols. The best volatiles of wine was obtained from the mixed fermentations than from the pure or from the control ones. ndigenous yeast strains from grape played an important role on the types and amounts of flavor compounds in mixed culture fermentation. The yeasts could have potential applications to the original winemaking.
Synthesis of Yb/Er Doped NaYF4 Nanoparticles with Intense Green up-Conversion Emission
Authors: Li Fu Sen , Chen Yang
Published: October 2011

The luminescent rare-earth nanomaterials have great potential in the biological and biomedical applications due to their unique optical characteristics. An infrared-to-visible up-conversion NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+nanoparticle was synthesized by hydrothermal method. More intense green up-conversion luminescence was obtained due to using citrate as a chelator. Different sizes of up-conversion particles (UCNPs) in the range of 40 to 1000 nm were available by adjusting the molar ratio of fluoride to Ln3+. The UCNPs were coated by silica and functionalized with amino groups for a conjugation with biomolecules. The UCNPs prepared might be promising for bioassay, bioimaging and diagnostics, especially in vivo environment and living cells.
Preparation of Sea Buckthorn Oil-Plga Microspheres via the Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation Process Coupling Ultrasonic Treatment
Authors: Li Chong Da , Li Lin , Liu Guo Qin , Han Li Juan
Published: October 2011

The optimal preparation conditions of sea buckthorn oil-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were studied via the emulsion-solvent evaporation process coupling ultrasonic treatment, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the emulsifier, PLGA as the wall material, a mixture of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate as the oil phase. The research discussed the effects of the PVA concentration, the PLGA dosage, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on comprehensive quality index (S) of sea buckthorn oil-PLGA microspheres. The orthogonal experimental design L9(34) with the factor analysis was applied to optimize preparation conditions. The experimental date showed that the optimal technology preparation conditions for sea buckthorn oil-PLGA microspheres were as follows: the concentration of PVA 0.125 g/ml, PLGA loading 125 mg, ultrasonic time 10 min, and ultrasonic power 180W. It resulted in sea buckthorn oil-PLGA microspheres that were in more regular and smaller shape, and with a better comprehensive quality index.
Prediction of the Deterioration Depth of Concrete by Accelerating Calcium Leaching Test
Authors: Cheng An , Chao Sao Jeng , Lin Wei Ting , Chang Jia Liang
Published: October 2011

The concrete is a solid and porous composite materials, when the concrete exposure to moisture environment for a long-term, the pore water will penetrate into concrete cause hydration products leaching. Leaching of calcium ions increase in porosity and resulting in harmful ions ingress into concrete to reduce strength and durability of concrete. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of water-binder ratio on calcium ion leaching behavior of cement-based material. The ammonium nitrate solution was used to accelerate leaching process. Leaching duration was 56 days, 91 days and 140 days, respectively. The leaching depth and compressive strength were measured. The results showed that leaching resistance increased with a decrease in water/binder ratio. The leaching depth showed that leaching behavior of the specimens without minerals admixtures can be divided into two stages, the first stage was leaching of calcium hydroxide and than the C-S-H gel were leaching.
Optimization of the Medium Composition of Lactobacillus Rhamnous NCU239
Authors: Xiong Tao , Huang Yin , Xie Ming Yong
Published: October 2011

MRS culture medium was used as the basic medium for optimizing the fermented condition of Lactobacillus. rhamnosus. The four significant factors (beef extract, tween-80, peptone, diammonium citrate) were screened from these components by using a Plackeet-Burman design. Steepest ascent path was adopted to approach the optimal region, and then the Central Composite Design was used to determine the optimal levels of the main factors. Considering the fit model, cost and operation, the optimal conditions were determined as follows: beef extract 2.6%, tween-80 0.3%, peptone 2%, diammonium citrate 0.4%, with other components remaining the same, 3% inoculation, 18h culture at 37¡æ.Under such conditions, the experimental value of cell concentration were 3.54×109cfu/ml and 2.19-fold live bacteria counts in MRS-based culture medium, showing no difference with predicted value 3.68×109cfu/ml.
Antifungal Activities of Four Cedar Foliage Oils to Wood Stain or Decay Fungi
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Shu Jun , Freitag Camille , Morrell Jeff J. , Karchesy Joe J.
Published: October 2011

Antifungal activities of essential oils have been extensively studied and these materials have the potential to replace synthetic biocides. In this study, the chemical composition of Leyland cypress (× Cupressocyparis leylandii), Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) foliage oils were determined and their antifungal activities on wood were analyzed. GC-MS analysis showed that monoterpenoids represented more than 90 percent of the oils except Port Orford cedar oil, where monoterpenoids comprised only one third of the oil. Cedar oils were reduced the growth of selected mold fungi and were capable of some inhibition of decay fungi, but could not completely protect wood from stain or decay fungi.
Experimental Study on Ultra-Structure and Frictional Properties of Zaocys Dhumnades’s Ventral Scale
Authors: Zhang Zhan Li , Ding Jian Ning , Yang Ji Chang
Published: October 2011

The ultra-structures of Zaocys dhumnades’s ventral scale surface were observed by the AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), at the same time, the frictional properties between ventral scale and the stainless steel ball under different load, different velocity and different lubrication condition were investigated by mode UMT-2 of Universal Micro Materials Tester. The results show that ultra-structure of Zaocys dhumnades’s ventral scale surface is comprised of periodically arrayed micro-fibers and micro-pits, there are micro-pits at its bottom. The frictional resistance on the ventral scale surface is low under the dry friction, whose average frictional coefficient is 0.064, and the friction coefficient increases under the water or oil lubrication, while it decrease with load and velocity increase under different conditions. The reasons of the low friction resistance of ventral scale are its surface ultra-structure, hydrophobic and lower shearing strength. The investigative results provide theoretical proof of reducing adhesion and resistance for frictional surface of bionics fabrication.
Strategic Environmental Assessment and Research of Ecotourist Construction of Agricultural City-Taking the Green Agricultural City of Suihua as an Example
Authors: Zhou Jia , Chang Lin Na , Gao Dan
Published: October 2011

This paper, according to the characteristics of the strategic environmental assessment of ecotourism, constructs the approach system of the strategic environmental assessment of ecotourism, that is, (a) identifying the environmental influence by listing; (b) making assessment of the value of ecotourist resources through the approaches of multilayer analysis and obscure overall judgment integration; (c) making prediction of the environmental influence through the analysis of bearing capacity and adopting this method to conduct practical research of ecotourist planning of Suihua in Heilongjiang Province.
Selection and Application of Materials for Node Landscapes of Highway Exampled by Northeast Area of China
Authors: Wang Bo , Meng Xiang Bin
Published: October 2011

Currently the landscape design of highway in China is a focus; besides the landscapes along highway, the selection on construction materials for node landscapes of highway entrance, exit, viewing platform, service area and etc. is quite important, which is also a key point if the landscape engineering succeeds. By taking the actual projects in northeast area of China, the paper, under the particular climate characteristics of the area, adopts multiple research approaches and integrates cutting-edge material science to discuss the approach and principle of selection and application of materials for node landscapes of highway, which is rather instructive to the selection on materials for landscapes in other similar areas with the same latitude or climate characteristics.
Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on the Growth and Qualities of Bunching Onion
Authors: Liu Hou Cheng , Li Jun Ling , Song Shi Wei , Sun Guang Wen , Chen Ri Yuan
Published: October 2011

Effects of nitrogen and sulphur [N3.75S0.35 (N 3.75 mmol/L, S 0.35mmol/L), N3.75S4.2(N 3.75 mmol/L, S 4.2mmol/L), N7.5S1.4(N 7.5 mmol/L, S 1.4mmol/L), N22.5S0.35(N 22.5 mmol/L, S 0.35mmol/L)] on the growth and quality of in bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L. var. caespeitosum Makino) were studied in hydroponics, in which the solution was Hoagland's. The results showed that the growth of bunching onion in N7.5S1.4 treatment was better than in other treatments. With nitrogen increasing, the growth of bunching onion enhanced at the same sulphur level, and the growth of bunching onion enhanced by sulphur increase at the same nitrogen level. Concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid in N7.5S1.4 treatment were highest. With nitrogen and sulphur increasing, concentration of soluble protein and nitrate in bunching onion increased. While concentration of soluble sugar decreased with nitrogen increased.
Study of Multi-Agent Based Integratable Manufacturing Execution System Model
Authors: Li Fan
Published: October 2011

Manufacturing Execution System (MES) has significantly evolved into more powerful and integrated software applications. However, MES applications still fall short of adding decision-making tools capabilities in adaptive manufacturing. On the base of analyzing the deficiencies of the traditional MES, this paper proposes the model of MES based multi-agent and the Contract Net based mechanism of cooperation planning. In the process of communication among multi-agents, strategy agent cooperates with schedule agent so as to realize dynamic and adaptive scheduling. Finalay, system framework based on CORBA and Multi-Agent System was put forward.
Study on the Development and Application of Automobile Transmission Design Expert System
Authors: Zou Nai Wei , Yu Xiu Min
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the development of transmission design expert system base on MATLAB. It is discussed in detail that the establishment of expert system knowledge base， input and output (I/O) interface， material database and parameter database. In the part of the knowledge base, such as modeling of transmission design calculation, building of material database and parameter database are expounded detailedly. The I/O interface is built with MATLAB “Graphical User Interface (GUI)” technology, which is good at organizing knowledge, so ensure the consistency and rationality between I/O interface and knowledge base. Furthermore, the I/O interface makes the communication between the subsystems more convenience. Finally, with the help of expert system, a (4 + 1) gears Manual Transmission is designed, The result shows that the transmission expert system can shorten automobile transmission design calculating time and improve the calculation precision.
Oxidation Behavior of K38 Superalloy with Different Amounts of Yttrium Addition at 1173K in Air
Authors: Yu Ping , Shi Long , Wang Wen , Wang Fu Hui
Published: October 2011

The oxidation behavior of K38 alloy with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5wt% yttrium concentrations has been investigated during exposures in air at 1173K for 100 hours. The results indicated that Cr2O3 and TiO2 scale mainly formed on the surface of the alloy without yttrium. Yttrium addition promoted the selective oxidation of aluminum and reduced the internal oxidation. The alloy with 0.1 wt.% yttrium addition exhibits excellent oxidation behavior among the four types of the alloys for its decreasing the oxidation rate and forming more continuous and compact Al2O3 scales. Yttrium-rich phase formed in the alloy with 0.5wt.% yttrium, result in a negative effect on the oxidation resistance of cast alloys.
Extraction of Collagen from Fish Scales with Papain under Ultrasonic Pretreatment
Authors: Zeng Jiang Nan , Jiang Bo Quan , Xiao Zheng Qiang , Li Shu Huan
Published: October 2011

The extraction of collagen from fish scales with papain under ultrasonic pretreatment was conducted in this paper. The effects of the ultrasonic pretreatment time, the ratio of papain to fish scales, the extraction temperature and the extraction time on the extraction rate of collagen were investigated by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, respectively. The results showed that the optimum conditions for collagen extraction from fish scales were: ultrasonic pretreatment time 4min, ratio of papain to fish scales 4%, temperature 60°C and extraction time 5h. Under the optimum conditions the extraction rate of collagen reached 90.7%.
Design of a Novel Oceanic Oscillating Power Generation System
Authors: Qin Kan , Luo Kai , Li Dai Jin , Li Miao , Hu Feng
Published: October 2011

Oscillating Power Generation; Oceanic Wave Energy; Simulation and Testing Abstract: A new kind of oscillating power generation device utilizing ocean waves has been designed and developed. The basic composition and scheme of conversion devices has been introduced, with the structure design being completed. Theoretical basis of the system has been analyzed and verified by test. Theory and test shows that the load voltage is 1.5V under the condition that the pendulum moves at a frequency of 0.5Hz. Power efficiency of the device is good, while structure reliability is high, and it possesses a roomy future.
Effect of Steroidal Saponins and Flavonoid from Fructus tribuli on Growth of Lactobacillus brevis
Authors: Miao Zong Cheng , Zhang Yong Ming , Wang Deng Wu , Ma Su De , Li Zhong Jin
Published: October 2011

Effect of steroidal saponins and flavonoid from Fructus tribuli on growth of Lactobacillus brevis was studied by measuring the optical density at 600nm and pH using De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth as the control. The addition (mg/ml) of steroidal saponins was 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50, and the addition (mg/ml) of flavonoid was 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30. Results were as follows: The additions of steroidal saponins and flavonoid had a significant promotion on the growth of Lactobacillus brevis. The optimum concentrations of steroidal saponins and flavonoid were 0.20mg/ml and 0.15mg/ml respectively.
Chloride Ions Penetration Resistance of New-Old Concrete
Authors: He Zhi Min , Liu Jun Zhe
Published: October 2011

By use of ASTM C1202, this paper studied the influence of mineral admixtures on the chloride ions penetration resistance of the new-old concrete compound system. The results indicate that the performance of new-old concrete exert significant influence on the new-old concrete compound system. The addition of mineral admixtures improve the permeability properties of new-old concrete. Adding fly ash(FA) require a relatively longer time to get its beneficial effect. When 30% weight of cement is replaced by 10% FA and 20% ground blast furnace slag(GGBFS), the inclusion of 30% mineral admixtures significantly improve the chloride ions penetration resistance properties of the new-old concrete compound system at 28 days and 180 days.
Treatment of Raw Water with Ultrafiltration Membrane/PAC
Authors: Yang Yi Xin , Liu Wen Jun
Published: October 2011

Raw water of Yellow River was treated by ultrafiltration process (UF) combined with powdered activated carbon (PAC) in this study. Experimental results showed that UF is a perfect physical sieving barrier to remove turbidity and algae from water, which is far superior to conventional filter bed. UF is inefficient to dissolved organic matter removal because of its large molecular weight cut-off. Combination of PAC with ultrafiltration membrane can effectively increase the removal rate of CODMn, TOC and UV254.
Strength-Based Appropriateness of Sawdust Concrete for Rigid Pavement
Authors: Ogundipe O.M. , Jimoh Y.A.
Published: October 2011

This paper presents the mechanical properties of sawdust concrete and its application as criteria for rigid pavement works. Sawdust concrete with nominal mixes 1:1:2, 1:1½:3, 1:2:4, 1:3:6, and 1:4:8 (1 part cement to 1, 1½, 2, 3 or 4 parts fine sand to 2, 3, 4, 6 or 8 parts sawdust) with 0.60 water-cement ratio were produced and cast into cubes, beams and cylindrical shape for the compressive, flexural and split tensile strength tests, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio tests. The derived values were compared with the Nigerian and British Ports Association standards/codes for rigid pavements. The slump values for all fresh mixes ranged between 0.10-0.20mm which indicated low workability, while their strength increased with maturity. Only nominal concrete mixes 1:1:2 and 1:1½:3 possessed adequate compressive and flexural strengths for rigid pavement works. Hence, they were recommended as sawdust concrete rigid pavement surfacing, cement bounded base or sub-base materials.
Effect of Oil Contamination on Particle Size Distribution and Plasticity Characteristics of Lateritic Soil
Authors: Ijimdiya Thomas Stephen
Published: October 2011

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the effect of oil contamination on the particle size distribution and plasticity characteristics of lateritic soil. The soil was artificially contaminated with a maximum 6 % oil content by weight of dry soil. The results show that there was a substantial reduction in the amount of fines content with higher amounts of oil in the soil matrix. The percentage of fine fraction in the natural soil was 86.9 % and on contamination with maximum 6 % oil content by weight of dry soil at optimum moisture content (OMC) the fine fraction reduced to 1.4 %. The plasticity index decreased from 16.0 to 8.5 % when contaminated with 6 % oil content by weight of dry soil. The plasticity modulus (PM), plasticity product (PP), the shrinkage modulus (SM) and the grading modulus (GM) decreased with increasing amounts of oil content.
Finite Element Analysis of Vertical Stress's Effect on Seismic Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Masonry Walls
Authors: Wu Hui Ge , Zhao Jun , Gu Jie
Published: October 2011

Non-linear analysis of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block masonry composite wall with reinforced concrete (RC) core columns has been conducted using finite element software ABAQUS. First, the numerical results from finite element analysis were verified with laboratory results of full-scale AAC masonry wall specimens. Effects of vertical stress on seismic performance were investigated. The analysis indicates that lateral load capacity of the wall is affected by the openings greatly and increased with the increase of vertical stress. The effect of vertical stress on the wall without openings is more obvious than that with openings.
Comparison of Blind Detection of Liquefaction by Suzuki and SY Methods
Authors: Sun Rui , Tang Fu Hui , Chen Long Wei
Published: October 2011

To mitigate liquefaction hazard, real-time liquefaction monitoring technique is investigated. And the reverse liquefaction detection method from seismic records is the key point. The existing methods are limited and the reliability requires test. In 2011, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 struck in New Zealand's South Island. Serious liquefaction phenomena were reported, which provides an opportunity to verify the existing liquefaction detection methods. Twenty-seven acceleration records within 50km to the epicenter are selected to perform a blind detection for existing two methods, including Suzuki and Sun-Yuan method. The blind detection results indicate that Sun-Yuan method obtains correct results for three known liquefied sites, and both method are correct for a reported non-liquefied site. The number of identically detected results is 22 by two methods. The identified results will be verified by actual observation for the 23 sites excluding 4 confirmed sites.
Simplified Design Approach for Large-Space Grid Structure Considering Fire Conditions
Authors: Yang Hai Yong , Bai Yin , Shi Yong Jiu , Wang Yuan Qing
Published: October 2011

It is important and necessary to establish fire-resisting design approach for large-space grid structures. In terms of establishing finite element analysis models, main influencing factors on mechanical performances of grid structure under fire conditions were determined. Based on numerical calculation and comparison analysis on ordinary sandwich plate analogy method considering the effect of fire, a simplified design approach named modified sandwich plate analogy method for calculating maximum displacement of grid structures under fire conditions is given. It gives guidance for structural fire-resisting designers.
The Anti-Seismic Performance of the Viscous Damper and E Shaped Steel Bearing
Authors: Kong Ling Jun , Chen Yan Bei , Ning Xiang Liang , Jiang Qi Bin
Published: October 2011

To study the anti-seismic performance of the viscous damper and the E shaped steel bearing on the continuous girder bridge, two models of the Taibai bridge located in Xi’an are analyzed by the nonlinear time-history method and the Midas/Civil software, considering the interaction between pile and soil. The related data are obtained through the two computational models. The results show that the bending moments and shear forces of the bottom of the fixed pier are reduced and it is effective to reduce the displacements of the top of the fixed pier and the end of the girder. And, the viscous damper and the E shaped steel bearing form the large hysteresis loops, dissipate the earthquake energy and reduce the earthquake response of the bridge.
The Influence of Size Effect on High-Volume Fly-Ash Concrete’s Carbonation Resistance Performance
Authors: Liu Li Fang , Niu Xiao Xia , Yu Wang , Liu Xiao Man
Published: October 2011

using fixed concrete slump method,the carbonation resistance of concretes with high-volume fly-ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag had been studied, and make an approach to size- effect .The results show that the more fly-ash joined in,the more carbonation depth is deeper . The carbonation resistance of concretes with high-volume fly-ash and ggbs is better than only with high-volume fly-ash’s. Size effect on carbonation depth of concretes is also important . Carbonation depth will become deeper as soon as the block size improving .and the early improvement is bigger than the late .The more concretes with high-volume fly-ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,the size-effect on carbonation depth of concretes will be more evident.
Structure Design of Suspend-Dome Structure of Pingshan Basketball Gymnasium for Universiade 2011 Shenzhen
Authors: Wu Bing , Meng Mei Li , Fu Xue Yi , Sun Can , Feng Ye Wen
Published: October 2011

The suspend-dome structure is designed for the steel roof of Pingshan Basketball Gymnasium for Universidad 2011 Shenzhen, the overlapping diameter is 72m, supporting by 24 RC columns evenly distributed along the periphery. The following analyses were carried out: the design criterion of the suspend-dome; the linear and nonlinear buckling analysis; the detail analysis of the complex key joint, the arrangement analysis of the suspending chord and the prestressed cable; the construction stage modeling and construction scheme analysis. The key issues and relevant construction method were summarized, which could be used as reference in the similar design.
Fire Smoke Simulation Analysis of the Flow Characteristics in Huge Building
Authors: Xu Chan Juan , Zhang Shu Ping , Zhang Jing Jing
Published: October 2011

To a large comprehensive convention center as an example, this paper analyses the flow characteristics of fire smoke of the main hall and the feasibility for sharing space as "Quasi safety zone". First, the fire scenario was identified through the fire hazard analysis, then, set a model and take a simulation analysis by fire simulation software FDS, based on this fire scenario which have been established. At last, draw conclusions according to the smoke flow properties.
An Effective Way to Improve Bidding Quality — Initial Analysis of Bidding
Authors: Wang Shan Ju
Published: October 2011

The engineering pricing model has changed a lot since the implementation of pricing norms, especially the advocacy of unit price contract in the revised norms. It greatly affected the cost of the project's completion by the accuracy of comprehensive unit-price. This has brought great challenges to the bid evaluation. The experts of initial analysis of bidding identify problems analyze the reasons and give professional guidance by the check and analysis to bidding documents. This work can give advance to the bidding experts and owner; also can improve the quality of bid evaluation. The initial analysis of bidding is the trend of bidding evaluation in the future.
Influence Analysis of Reservoirs on River Health
Authors: Sun Xue Lan , Hu Chun Hong , Xie Jing Qi
Published: October 2011

Based on the current situation of the Lower Yellow River channel, this paper analyses the factors affecting river health, points out that river channel health is the foundation and key to river health. It evaluates the Yellow River's downstream channel health using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and gets the conclusion that the Yellow River's downstream channel health has deteriorated in 50 years and has improved in the beginning of this century. This paper analyses and points out that the reservoir to regulate natural flow-sediment process is the primary means that the human impact on river health. The regulation of reservoir has duality that "excessive" regulation will seriously damage river health and "moderate" regulation can better maintain and restore river health. Coordination of flow-sediment relationship is the key to maintaining the health of the Lower Yellow River.
Research Review of Dynamic Characteristics of Saturated Sand Pebble Soil
Authors: Wu Shi Yuan , Zhu Lin
Published: October 2011

Sand pebble soil has a wide distribution, and its dynamic characteristics under dynamic loads become an important issue in engineering field. This paper takes a review at research progresses made on saturated sand soil under dynamic loads from 1970’s, and focuses on the progresses made on theoretical research, verification experiments in dynamic deformation and dynamic strength of saturated sand pebble soil under dynamic loads, and future research directions are proposed.