bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single cell imaging of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase using an irreversible inhibitor
Authors: Turetsky Anna , Kim Eunha , Kohler Rainer H. , Miller Miles A. , Weissleder Ralph
Published: April 2014

A number of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are currently in development, yet it has been difficult to visualize BTK expression and pharmacological inhibition in vivo in real time. We synthesized a fluorescent, irreversible BTK binder based on the drug Ibrutinib and characterized its behavior in cells and in vivo. We show a 200 nM affinity of the imaging agent, high selectivity and irreversible binding to its target following initial washout, resulting in surprisingly high target-to-background ratios. In vivo, the imaging agent rapidly distributed to BTK expressing tumor cells, but also to BTK-positive tumor-associated host cells.
Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of peptides on a hybrid CHCA organic–inorganic matrix
Authors: Fleith Clément , Cantel Sonia , Subra Gilles , Mehdi Ahmad , Ciccione Jeremie , Martinez Jean , Enjalbal Christine
Published: April 2014

We report applications of new hybrid organic–inorganic silica based materials as laser desorption/ionization (LDI)-promoting surfaces for high-throughput identification of peptides.
Mesosilica materials and organic pollutant adsorption: part A removal from air
Authors: Gibson L. T.
Published: April 2014

This tutorial review focuses on the application of mesoporous silica materials, primarily MCM-41 and SBA-15, for the removal of organic pollutants in the vapour phase.
Smart drug delivery systems: from fundamentals to the clinic
Authors: Alvarez-Lorenzo Carmen , Concheiro Angel
Published: April 2014

Smart materials can endow implantable depots, targetable nanocarriers and insertable medical devices with activation-modulated and feedback-regulated control of drug release.
Synthesis and sorption properties of hexa-(peri)-hexabenzocoronene-based porous organic polymers
Authors: Thompson Christina M. , Li Fei , Smaldone Ronald A.
Published: April 2014

In this communication, we report the synthesis of several novel hexa(peri)-hexabenzocoronene containing microporous polymers.
A trinuclear Zn3(OAc)4-3,3′-bis(aminoimino)binaphthoxide complex for highly efficient catalytic asymmetric iodolactonization
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Sugiyama Noriyuki , Masu Hyuma , Kado Sayaka , Yabe Shinnosuke , Yamanaka Masahiro
Published: April 2014

Using a harmony of the tri-zinc atoms, 1 mol% Zn3(OAc)4-3,3′-bis(aminoimino)binaphthoxide catalyzed asymmetric iodolactonization in up to 99.9% ee.
Improved efficiency of bulk heterojunction hybrid solar cells by utilizing CdSe quantum dot–graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Eck Michael , Pham Chuyen Van , Züfle Simon , Neukom Martin , Sessler Martin , Scheunemann Dorothea , Erdem Emre , Weber Stefan , Borchert Holger , Ruhstaller Beat , Krüger Michael
Published: April 2014

The incorporation of nanocomposites from CdSe quantum dots and thiolated reduced graphene oxide into bulk hetrojunction hybrid solar cells increases the power conversion efficiency.
Direct hydrosilylation by a zirconacycle with β-hydrogen
Authors: Yan KaKing , Pindwal Aradhana , Ellern Arkady , Sadow Aaron D.
Published: April 2014

The pendent β-SiH-containing zirconacycle and formaldehyde react to give a direct hydrosilylation product, similarly to the reaction of the non-classical zwitterionic compound.
α MnMoO4/graphene hybrid composite: high energy density supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Ghosh Debasis , Giri Soumen , Moniruzzaman Md. , Basu Tanya , Mandal Manas , Das Chapal Kumar
Published: April 2014

A hydrothermal procedure was employed to synthesize hexahedron shaped MnMoO4 wrapped with graphene exhibiting high energy density and high power density.
Excipient foods: designing food matrices that improve the oral bioavailability of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals
Authors: McClements David Julian , Xiao Hang
Published: April 2014

The oral bioavailability of many lipophilic bioactive agents (pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals) is limited due to various physicochemical and physiological processes. Excipient foods can be designed to improve the oral bioavailability of these bioactive agents.
Magnetically recoverable nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for organic transformations in aqueous medium
Authors: Cheng Tanyu , Zhang Dacheng , Li Hexing , Liu Guohua
Published: April 2014

This review focuses on the development of magnetically recoverable nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for organic transformations in aqueous media.
Distributions of iron, phosphorus and sulfur along trichomes of the cyanobacteria Trichodesmium
Authors: Nuester Jochen , Newville Matthew , Twining Benjamin S.
Published: April 2014

Changes in the elemental composition within trichomes of the nonheterocystous cyanobacteriaTrichodesmiumare potentially related to N2-fixation.
Stereochemistry and miscibility of epoxy resin–poly(trimethylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Chandran Sarath , Antolasic F. , Eichhorn K. J. , Shanks Robert A. , Thomas S.
Published: April 2014

Stereochemistry is proposed to contribute to the miscibility of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), since molecular conformation is one of the determinants of the close packing ability and hence the interactions of such a system.
A used battery supported Ag catalyst for efficient oxidation of alcohols and carbon oxide
Authors: Mao Junjie , Zhao Guofeng , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: April 2014

A used battery supported silver catalyst was successfully synthesized, which showed high catalytic performance for the oxidation of alcohols and CO.
Chemical decomposition of epoxy resin in near-critical water by an acid–base catalytic method
Authors: Liu Yuyan , Kang Hongjun , Gong Xianyun , Jiang Liqin , Liu Yuting , Wu Sonquan
Published: April 2014

Chemical decomposition of an epoxy resin (E-51) cured with methyl tetrahydro phthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) in near-critical water conditions was investigated under different concentrations of acid–base catalyst. The optimal catalytic concentration of H2SO4 catalyst was 0.4 mol L−1, while that of KOH catalyst ranged from 0.5 mol L−1 to 1.0 mol L−1. The decomposition ratio could reach nearly 100%.
Integrated pneumatic micro-pumps for high-throughput droplet-based microfluidics
Authors: Choi Jae-Won , Lee Sangmin , Lee Dong-Hun , Kim Joonwon , deMello Andrew J. , Chang Soo-Ik
Published: April 2014

Droplet-based microfluidic systems have recently emerged as powerful experimental tools in the chemical and biological sciences.
Enhanced polarization of hydroxyapatite using the design concept of functionally graded materials with sodium potassium niobate
Authors: Dubey A. K. , Kakimoto K. , Obata A. , Kasuga T.
Published: April 2014

The present work aims to enhance the electrical activities of hydroxyapatite (HA) without affecting its bioactivity through the development of functionally graded materials (FGM) using biocompatible sodium potassium niobate (NKN) piezoelectrics as an intermediary layer.
Hetero-structured TiO2/SrTiO3 nanotube array film with highly reactive anatase TiO2 {001} facets
Authors: Huang Juan-Ru , Tan Xin , Yu Tao , Zhao Lin , Xue Song , Hu Wen-Li
Published: April 2014

Interest in highly reactive anatase TiO2 with controllable facets has increased rapidly in recent years because its unique properties provide new insights into the interfacial chemistry of TiO2 in applications such as photocatalysis and in its use as an electrode material.
Well-defined carbon polyhedrons prepared from nano metal–organic frameworks for oxygen reduction
Authors: Xia Wei , Zhu Jinghan , Guo Wenhan , An Li , Xia Dingguo , Zou Ruqiang
Published: April 2014

Well-defined porous carbon polyhedrons are synthesized directly from MOF nanocrystals and show high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity in acid media.
Ultrafast chemical dynamic behavior in highly epitaxial LaBaCo2O5+δ thin films
Authors: Wang H. B. , Bao S. Y. , Liu J. , Collins G. , Ma C. R. , Liu M. , Chen C. L. , Dong C. , Whangbo M.-H. , Guo H. M. , Gao H. J.
Published: April 2014

The redox reactions of highly epitaxial LaBaCo2O5+δ (LBCO) thin films exposed to the switching flow of reducing (H2) and oxidizing (O2) gases were examined at various temperatures between 260 and 700 °C. Their electrical resistance was measured using a precise ac bridge measurement system.
Record-high hyperpolarizabilities in conjugated polymers
Authors: Van Cleuvenbergen Stijn , Asselberghs Inge , Vanormelingen Wouter , Verbiest Thierry , Franz Edith , Clays Koen , Kuzyk Mark G. , Koeckelberghs Guy
Published: April 2014

Disubstituted poly(phenanthrene), a conjugated polymer, unexpectedly shows a record-high second-order nonlinear optical response, in absence of donor–acceptor substitution.
Mitochondrial–nuclear genome interactions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Betancourt Angela M. , King Adrienne L. , Fetterman Jessica L. , Millender-Swain Telisha , Finley Rachel D. , Oliva Claudia R. , Crowe David R. , Ballinger Scott W. , Bailey Shannon M.
Published: April 2014

NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) involves significant changes in liver metabolism characterized by oxidative stress, lipid accumulation and fibrogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic defects also contribute to NAFLD. In the present study, we examined whether differences in mtDNA influence NAFLD. To determine the role of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in NAFLD, MNX (mitochondrial–nuclear exchange) mice were fed an atherogenic diet. MNX mice have mtDNA from C57BL/6J mice on a C3H/HeN nuclear background and vice versa. Results from MNX mice were compared with wild-type C57BL/6J and C3H/HeN mice fed a control or atherogenic diet. Mice with the C57BL/6J nuclear genome developed more macrosteatosis, inflammation and fibrosis compared with mice containing the C3H/HeN nuclear genome when fed the atherogenic diet. These changes were associated with parallel alterations in inflammation and fibrosis gene expression in wild-type mice, with intermediate responses in MNX mice. Mice with the C57BL/6J nuclear genome had increased State 4 respiration, whereas MNX mice had decreased State 3 respiration and RCR (respiratory control ratio) when fed the atherogenic diet. Complex IV activity and most mitochondrial biogenesis genes were increased in mice with the C57BL/6J nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or both fed the atherogenic diet. These results reveal new interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and support the concept that mtDNA influences mitochondrial function and metabolic pathways implicated in NAFLD.
Drp1 stabilizes p53 on the mitochondria to trigger necrosis under oxidative stress conditions in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Guo Xing , Sesaki Hiromi , Qi Xin
Published: April 2014

Oxidative-stress-induced necrosis is considered to be one of the main pathological mediators in various neurological disorders, such as brain ischaemia. However, little is known about the mechanism by which cells modulate necrosis in response to oxidative stress. In the present study, we showed that Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1), a primary mitochondrial fission protein, stabilizes the well-known stress gene p53 and is required for p53 translocation to the mitochondria under conditions of oxidative stress. We found that Drp1 binding to p53 induced mitochondria-related necrosis. In contrast, inhibition of Drp1 hyperactivation by Drp1 siRNA reduced necrotic cell death in cell cultures exposed to oxidative stress. Most significantly, we demonstrated that inhibition of Drp1 by the Drp1 peptide inhibitor P110, which was developed recently by our group, abolished p53 association with the mitochondria and reduced brain infarction in rats subjected to brain ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel mechanism of Drp1 hyperactivation in the induction of mitochondrial damage and subsequent cell death. We propose that a Drp1 inhibitor such as P110 is a possible therapeutic agent for diseases in which hyperactivated Drp1 contributes to the pathology.
Analysis of higher harmonic contamination with a modified approach using a grating analyser
Authors: Gupta Rajkumar , Modi Mohammed H. , Kumar M. , Chakera J. A. , Lodha G. S.
Published: April 2014

Soft x-ray spectra of the toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) at the reflectivity beamline of Indus-1 synchrotron source are analyzed for higher harmonic contribution. A diffraction grating of central line spacing 1200 l/mm is used to disperse the monochromatic beam received from TGM to quantify the harmonic contents in the 50–360 Å wavelength range. In order to calculate the harmonic contamination, conventionally the intensity of higher order peak is divided by first order peak intensity of the desired wavelength. This approach is found to give wrong estimate as first order peak itself is overlapped by higher order peaks. In the present study, a modified approach has been proposed to calculate harmonic contamination where the intensity contributions of overlapping orders have been removed from the first order diffraction peak of the desired wavelength. It is found that the order contamination in the TGM spectra is less than 15% in the wavelength range of 90–180 Å. The total harmonic contribution increases from 6%–60% in the wavelength range of 150–260 Å. The critical wavelength of Indus-1 is 61 Å hence the harmonic contamination below 90 Å is significantly low. The results obtained with modified approach match well with those obtained by quantitative analysis of multilayer reflectivity data. The obtained higher harmonics data are used to fit the transmission of aluminum edge filter in the 120–360 Å wavelength range.
An experimental and ab initio study of the electronic spectrum of the jet-cooled F2BO free radical
Authors: Grimminger Robert , Sheridan Phillip M. , Clouthier Dennis J.
Published: April 2014

We have studied the $\tilde B$B̃ 2A1–$\tilde X$X̃ 2B2 laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrum of the jet-cooled F2BO radical for the first time. The transition consists of a strong $0_0^0$000 band at 446.5 nm and eight weak sequence bands to shorter wavelengths. Single vibronic level emission spectra obtained by laser excitation of individual levels of the $\tilde B$B̃ state exhibit two electronic transitions: a very weak, sparse $\tilde B$B̃–$\tilde X$X̃ band system in the 450–500 nm region and a stronger, more extensive set of $\tilde B$B̃ 2A1–$\tilde A$Ã 2B1 bands in the 580–650 nm region. We have also performed a series of high level ab initio calculations to predict the electronic energies, molecular structures, vibrational frequencies, and rotational and spin-rotation constants in the $\tilde X$X̃ 2B2, $\tilde A$Ã2B1 and $\tilde B$B̃ 2A1 electronic states as an aid to the analysis of the experimental data. The theoretical results have been used as input for simulations of the rotationally resolved $\tilde B$B̃ 2A1–$\tilde X$X̃ 2B2 $0_0^0$000 LIF band and Franck-Condon profiles of the LIF and single vibronic level emission spectra. The agreement between the simulations obtained with purely ab initio parameters and the experimental spectra validates the geometries calculated for the ground and excited states and the conclusion that the radical has C2v symmetry in the $\tilde X$X̃, $\tilde A$Ã, and $\tilde B$B̃ states. The spectra provide considerable new information about the vibrational energy levels of the $\tilde X$X̃ and $\tilde A$Ã states, but very little for the $\tilde B$B̃ state, due to the very restrictive Franck-Condon factors in the LIF spectra.
Polydimethyl siloxane wet etching for three dimensional fabrication of microneedle array and high-aspect-ratio micropillars
Authors: Deng Yu-Luen , Juang Yi-Je
Published: April 2014

Among various transdermal drug delivery (TDD) approaches, utilizing the microneedles (MNs) not only can penetrate the skin but also deliver the drug with reduced tissue damage, reduced pain, and no bleeding. However, the MNs with larger height are required to overcome the skin barrier for effective TDD. Unlike 2D patterning, etching polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) micropillars for fabrication of 3D microstructures is presented. The PDMS micropillars were first constructed by casting PDMS on the computer numerical control-machined cylindrical microwells, which then went through etching process to obtain the MNs for subsequent fabrication of polymer MNs or high aspect ratio micropillars.
Design and performance of AERHA, a high acceptance high resolution soft x-ray spectrometer
Authors: Chiuzbăian Sorin G. , Hague Coryn F. , Avila Antoine , Delaunay Renaud , Jaouen Nicolas , Sacchi Maurizio , Polack François , Thomasset Muriel , Lagarde Bruno , Nicolaou Alessandro , Brignolo Stefania , Baumier Cédric , Lüning Jan , Mariot Jean-Michel
Published: April 2014

A soft x-ray spectrometer based on the use of an elliptical focusing mirror and a plane varied line spacing grating is described. It achieves both high resolution and high overall efficiency while remaining relatively compact. The instrument is dedicated to resonant inelastic x-ray scattering studies. We set out how this optical arrangement was judged best able to guarantee performance for the 50 − 1000 eV range within achievable fabrication targets. The AERHA (adjustable energy resolution high acceptance) spectrometer operates with an effective angular acceptance between 100 and 250 μsr (energy dependent) and a resolving power well in excess of 5000 according to the Rayleigh criterion. The high angular acceptance is obtained by means of a collecting pre-mirror. Three scattering geometries are available to enable momentum dependent measurements with 135°, 90°, and 50° scattering angles. The instrument operates on the Synchrotron SOLEIL SEXTANTS beamline which serves as a high photon flux 2 × 200 μm2 focal spot source with full polarization control.
Experimental study of elliptical jet from sub to supercritical conditions
Authors: Muthukumaran C. K. , Vaidyanathan Aravind
Published: April 2014

The jet mixing at supercritical conditions involves fluid dynamics as well as thermodynamic phenomena. All the jet mixing studies at critical conditions to the present date have focused only on axisymmetric jets. When the liquid jet is injected into supercritical environment, the thermodynamic transition could be well understood by considering one of the important fluid properties such as surface tension since it decides the existence of distinct boundary between the liquid and gaseous phase. It is well known that an elliptical liquid jet undergoes axis-switching phenomena under atmospheric conditions due to the presence of surface tension. The experimental investigations were carried out with low speed elliptical jet under supercritical condition. Investigation of the binary component system with fluoroketone jet and N2 gas as environment shows that the surface tension force dominates for a large downstream distance, indicating delayed thermodynamic transition. The increase in pressure to critical state at supercritical temperature is found to expedite the thermodynamic transition. The ligament like structures has been observed rather than droplets for supercritical pressures. However, for the single component system with fluoroketone jet and fluoroketone environment shows that the jet disintegrates into droplets as it is subjected to the chamber conditions even for the subcritical pressures and no axis switching phenomenon is observed. For a single component system, as the pressure is increased to critical state, the liquid jet exhibits gas-gas like mixing behavior and that too without exhibiting axis-switching behavior.
Multifunctional probes for high-throughput measurement of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity at room temperature
Authors: García-Cañadas Jorge , Min Gao
Published: April 2014

An apparatus capable of rapid measurement of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity at room temperature is reported. The novel aspect of this apparatus is the use of 4 multifunctional probes that comprise a junction of two conductors at the tip and serve as both thermocouples and electrical contacts. In addition, one of the probes has a built-in heater that can establish a temperature gradient in the sample for the Seebeck measurement. The technique does not require special sample geometries or preparation of contacts and is suitable for bulk and thin film materials. Together with automated sample stage and data acquisition, the equipment is able to measure both the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity in less than 20 s with good accuracy. Less than 5% and 4% relative errors were found for the measurement of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity, respectively. This makes the apparatus especially useful for high throughput evaluation of thermoelectric materials.
Growth kinetics and mass transport mechanisms of GaN columns by selective area metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Wang Xue , Hartmann Jana , Mandl Martin , Sadat Mohajerani Matin , Wehmann Hergo-H. , Strassburg Martin , Waag Andreas
Published: April 2014

Three-dimensional GaN columns recently have attracted a lot of attention as the potential basis for core-shell light emitting diodes for future solid state lighting. In this study, the fundamental insights into growth kinetics and mass transport mechanisms of N-polar GaN columns during selective area metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on patterned SiOx/sapphire templates are systematically investigated using various pitch of apertures, growth time, and silane flow. Species impingement fluxes on the top surface of columns Jtop and on their sidewall Jsw, as well as, the diffusion flux from the substrate Jsub contribute to the growth of the GaN columns. The vertical and lateral growth rates devoted by Jtop, Jsw and Jsub are estimated quantitatively. The diffusion length of species on the SiOx mask surface λsub as well as on the sidewall surfaces of the 3D columns λsw are determined. The influences of silane on the growth kinetics are discussed. A growth model is developed for this selective area metal organic vapor phase epitaxy processing.
Note: A novel vacuum ultraviolet light source assembly with aluminum-coated electrodes for enhancing the ionization efficiency of photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Zhixiang , Wang Jian , Qiu Keqing , Liu Chengyuan , Qi Fei , Pan Yang
Published: April 2014

A novel vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light source assembly (VUVLSA) for enhancing the ionization efficiency of photoionization mass spectrometer has been described. The VUVLSA composes of a Krypton lamp and a pair of disk electrodes with circular center cavities. The two interior surfaces that face the photoionization region were aluminum-coated. VUV light can be reflected back and forth in the photoionization region between the electrodes, thus the photoionization efficiency can be greatly enhanced. The performances of two different shaped electrodes, the coated double flat electrodes (DFE), and double conical electrodes, were studied. We showed that the signal amplification of coated DFE is around 4 times higher than that of uncoated electrodes without VUV light reflection. The relationship between the pressure of ionization chamber and mass signal enhancement has also been studied.
Electromagnetic energy conversion in downstream fronts from three dimensional kinetic reconnection
Authors: Lapenta Giovanni , Goldman Martin , Newman David , Markidis Stefano , Divin Andrey
Published: April 2014

The electromagnetic energy equation is analyzed term by term in a 3D simulation of kinetic reconnection previously reported by Vapirev et al. [J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 118, 1435 (2013)]. The evolution presents the usual 2D-like topological structures caused by an initial perturbation independent of the third dimension. However, downstream of the reconnection site, where the jetting plasma encounters the yet unperturbed pre-existing plasma, a downstream front is formed and made unstable by the strong density gradient and the unfavorable local acceleration field. The energy exchange between plasma and fields is most intense at the instability, reaching several pW/m3, alternating between load (energy going from fields to particles) and generator (energy going from particles to fields) regions. Energy exchange is instead purely that of a load at the reconnection site itself in a region focused around the x-line and elongated along the separatrix surfaces. Poynting fluxes are generated at all energy exchange regions and travel away from the reconnection site transporting an energy signal of the order of about S≈10−3W/m2.
Photo-induced change of dielectric response in BaCoSiO4 stuffed tridymite
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroki , Moriwake Hiroki , Kuwabara Akihide , Okamura Takuma , Yamamoto Takafumi , Okazaki Ryuji , Itoh Mitsuru , Terasaki Ichiro
Published: April 2014

The photodielectric effect is demonstrated in Mott-insulator BaCoSiO4 with a stuffed-tridymite-type structure under irradiation of visible light at 365 nm. The real part of dielectric permittivity is enhanced by ∼300% with little increase of tan δ in a low-frequency region. Results of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, first-principles calculations and dielectric measurements suggest that the photodielectric effect stems from a response of photo-excited electrons in an unoccupied upper-Hubbard band for 3d-orbitals of cobalt, which have significantly small mobility due to the unique configuration of Co ions in the stuffed-tridymite-type structure.
Strongly enhanced vortex pinning from 4 to 77 K in magnetic fields up to 31 T in 15 mol.% Zr-added (Gd, Y)-Ba-Cu-O superconducting tapes
Authors: Xu A. , Delgado L. , Khatri N. , Liu Y. , Selvamanickam V. , Abraimov D. , Jaroszynski J. , Kametani F. , Larbalestier D. C.
Published: April 2014

Applications of REBCO coated conductors are now being developed for a very wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields and it is not yet clear whether vortex pinning strategies aimed for high temperature, low field operation are equally valid at lower temperatures and higher fields. A detailed characterization of the superconducting properties of a 15 mol. % Zr-added REBCO thin film made by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, from 4.2 to 77 K under magnetic fields up to 31 T is presented in this article. Even at a such high level of Zr addition, Tc depression has been avoided (Tc = 91 K), while at the same time an exceptionally high irreversibility field Hirr ≈ 14.8 T at 77 K and a remarkably high vortex pinning force density Fp ≈ 1.7 TN/m3 at 4.2 K have been achieved. We ascribe the excellent pinning performance at high temperatures to the high density (equivalent vortex matching field ∼7 T) of self-assembled BZO nanorods, while the low temperature pinning force is enhanced by large additional pinning which we ascribe to strain-induced point defects induced in the REBCO matrix by the BZO nanorods. Our results suggest even more room for further performance enhancement of commercial REBCO coated conductors and point the way to REBCO coil applications at liquid nitrogen temperatures since the critical current density Jc(H//c) characteristic at 77 K are now almost identical to those of fully optimized Nb-Ti at 4 K.
Gravity currents propagating up a slope
Authors: Marleau Larissa J. , Flynn Morris R. , Sutherland Bruce R.
Published: April 2014

Bottom propagating gravity currents resulting from full- and partial-depth lock-release experiments are investigated as they approach and then propagate up a rising slope. Consistent with the prediction of a WKB-like theory, the gravity current front decelerates in a nearly uniform manner along the slope as 0.112g′s(D/H)(2 − D/H), in which g′ is the reduced gravity, s is the slope, D is the initial lock-fluid height, and H is the ambient fluid height. The shape of the gravity current as it decelerates over relatively steep slopes is found to be self similar with a nearly linear decrease of the head height between the start of the slope and up to 80% of the distance to the nose. Some deviation from self-similar behaviour is found in cases with small s because of the comparatively large volume of fluid in the gravity current tail that flows downslope while the front continues to advance upwards.
Theoretical investigation of charge accumulation layer on the Bi-induced InAs(111)-(2 × 2) surface
Authors: Özkaya S. , Usanmaz D. , Çakmak M. , Alkan B. , Ellialtıoğlu Ş.
Published: April 2014

Based on pseudopotential method and density functional theory, we have investigated the stability, atomic geometry, and detailed electronic structures for Bi adsorbates on the InAs(111)-(2 × 2) surface with three different sites: (i) T4 (Bi trimer centered on T4 site), (ii) H3 (Bi trimer centered on H3 site), and (iii) T4–H3 (which is formed by trimers with opposite orientations: one centered on a T4 site and the other on a H3). Our total energy calculations suggest that adsorption on the T4–H3 site is the energetically most stable structure among the proposed structures. The electronic band structure calculations reveal the existence of an accumulation layer between InAs(111) surface and Bi adatoms for T4–H3. Charge density difference results indicate significant amount of the charge accumulation on the Bi/InAs interface.
Enhanced photoacoustic detection using photonic crystal substrate
Authors: Zhao Yunfei , Liu Kaiyang , McClelland John , Lu Meng
Published: April 2014

This paper demonstrates the enhanced photoacoustic sensing of surface-bound light absorbing molecules and metal nanoparticles using a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) substrate. The PC structure functions as an optical resonator at the wavelength where the analyte absorption is strong. The optical resonance of the PC sensor provides an intensified evanescent field with respect to the excitation light source and results in enhanced optical absorption by surface-immobilized samples. For the analysis of a light absorbing dye deposited on the PC surface, the intensity of photoacoustic signal was enhanced by more than 10-fold in comparison to an un-patterned acrylic substrate. The technique was also applied to detect gold nanorods and exhibited more than 40 times stronger photoacoustic signals. The demonstrated approach represents a potential path towards single molecule absorption spectroscopy with greater performance and inexpensive instrumentation.
Space-charge waves in magnetized and collisional quantum plasma columns confined in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Bagheri Mehran , Abdikian Alireza
Published: April 2014

We study the dispersion relation of electrostatic waves propagating in a column of quantum magnetized collisional plasma embraced completely by a metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes. The analysis is based on the quantum linearized hydrodynamic formalism of collective excitations within the quasi-static approximation. It is shown when the electronic de Broglie's wavelength of the plasma is comparable in the order of magnitude to the radius of the nanotube, the quantum effects are quite meaningful and our model anticipates one acoustical and two optical space-charge waves which are positioned into three propagating bands. With increasing the nanotube radius, the features of the acoustical branch remain unchanged, yet two distinct optical branches are degenerated and the classical behavior is recovered. This study might provide a platform to create new finite transverse cross section quantum magnetized plasmas and to devise nanometer dusty plasmas based on the metallic carbon nanotubes in the absence of either a drift or a thermal electronic velocity and their existence could be experimentally examined.
Numerical investigation of mid-infrared Raman soliton source generation in endless single mode fluoride fibers
Authors: Liu Lai , Qin Guan-Shi , Tian Qi-jun , Zhao Dan , Qin Wei-Ping
Published: April 2014

We numerically investigate Raman soliton generation in a fluoride photonic crystal fiber (PCF) pumped by 1.93 μm femtosecond fiber lasers in order to get widely tunable laser source in the mid-infrared region. The simulated results show that a continuously tunable range (1.93 ∼ 3.95 μm) over 2000 nm is achieved in 1-m-long fluoride PCF pumped by a 1.93 μm femtosecond fiber laser with a pulse width of 200 fs. The power conversion efficiency is also calculated and the maximum efficiency can be up to 84.27%.
Large electrocaloric effect induced by the multi-domain to mono-domain transition in ferroelectrics
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Man , Zhang Yajun , Shimada Takahiro , Shi San-Qiang , Kitamura Takayuki
Published: April 2014

The electrocaloric properties of multi-domain ferroelectrics are investigated using a phase field model. The simulation results show that the extrinsic contribution from the multi-domain to mono-domain transition driven by temperature significantly enhances the electrocaloric response. Due to the abrupt decrease of polarization in the direction of electric field during the domain transition, a large adiabatic temperature change is achieved for the ferroelectrics subjected to a tensile strain. Furthermore, the domain transition temperature can be tuned by external strains as the phase transition temperature. A compressive strain decreases the domain transition temperature while a tensile strain increases it. The large temperature change associated with the domain transition provides guidance to engineer domain structures by strain to optimize the electrocaloric properties of ferroelectric materials below the Curie temperature.
Reconfigurable and non-volatile vertical magnetic logic gates
Authors: Butler J. , Shachar M. , Lee B. , Garcia D. , Hu B. , Hong J. , Amos N. , Khizroev S.
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we discuss the concept and prototype fabrication of reconfigurable and non-volatile vertical magnetic logic gates. These gates consist of two input layers and a RESET layer. The RESET layer allows the structure to be used as either an and or an or gate, depending on its magnetization state. To prove this concept, the gates were fabricated using a multi-layered patterned magnetic media, in which three magnetic layers are stacked and exchange-decoupled via non-magnetic interlayers. We demonstrate the functionality of these logic gates by conducting atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) analysis of the multi-layered patterned magnetic media. The logic gates operation mechanism and fabrication feasibility are both validated by the MFM imaging results.
Drop splashing on a rough surface: How surface morphology affects splashing threshold
Authors: Kim Hyungmo , Park Usung , Lee Chan , Kim Hyungdae , Hwan Kim Moo , Kim Joonwon
Published: April 2014

We investigate the drop splashing threshold ST of water on a rough surface. Surface roughness has been known to facilitate drop splashing, but a counterexample has been observed. Here, we suggest a possible explanation of how surface morphology affects drop splashing. We focus on the air flow during the splashing event and estimate ST on a rough surface. To demonstrate this effect, experiments using well-designed surfaces were conducted, and the results agree with our relation. This work shows that surface morphology can both suppress and facilitate drop splashing, and presents a method to predict ST on surfaces with different morphologies.
Dynamic separation of nanomagnet sublattices by orientation of elliptical elements
Authors: Yahagi Y. , Berk C. R. , Harteneck B. D. , Cabrini S. D. , Schmidt H.
Published: April 2014

We report the separation of the magnetization dynamics of densely packed nanomagnets depending on their orientation. The arrays consist of interleaved sublattices of identical nickel elliptical disks. By controlling the orientation of the elliptic disks relative to the external field in each sublattice, we simultaneously analyzed the magnetization dynamics in each sublattice using a time-resolved magnetooptic Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) microscopy system. The Fourier spectra showed clearly separated precession modes for sublattices with different orientations. The spectra were shown to be robust against the error in applied field orientation. The sublattice response can be tuned to a single collective frequency by choosing a symmetric field orientation. We analyzed the effect of the interelement coupling with various spacing between nanomagnets and found a relatively weak dependence on dipolar interactions in good agreement with micromagnetic simulations.
Distributed feedback GaSb based laser diodes with buried grating
Authors: Gaimard Q. , Cerutti L. , Teissier R. , Vicet A.
Published: April 2014

We report on the growth, fabrication, and experimental study of distributed feed-back antimonide diode lasers with buried grating. A second order index-coupled grating was defined by interferometric lithography on the top of the laser waveguide and dry etched by reactive ion etching. The grating was then buried thanks to an overgrowth of the top cladding layer using molecular beam epitaxy. The wafer was then processed using standard photolithography and wet etching into 15 μm-wide laser ridges. Single frequency laser emission at a wavelength of 2.2 μm was measured with a side mode suppression ratio of 34 dB, a maximum output power of 30 mW, and a total continuous tuning range of 6.5 nm.
Manipulating the extraordinary acoustic transmission through metamaterial-based acoustic band gap structures
Authors: Aközbek N. , Mattiucci N. , Bloemer M. J. , Sanghadasa M. , D'Aguanno G.
Published: April 2014

We report theoretical predictions and experimental results on the formation of pass bands and stop bands of extraordinary acoustic transmission in multilayer structures based on alternating layers of acoustic metamaterial and air. The metamaterial layers can be made of any acoustically hard material perforated with a two-dimensional array of subwavelength apertures. In this way, it is possible to tailor the density and speed of sound of an otherwise acoustically bulk hard material with fixed properties. The sonic band structure allows transmission passband and stop bandgaps that depend on the layer thicknesses and effective properties of the metamaterials. In addition, we show the existence of resonant tunneling due to the formation of an acoustic passband in a spectral region of low transmission for a single layer. This opens the possibility to engineer different types of phononic materials to manipulate and control acoustic waves.
Precision control of drying using rhythmic dancing of sessile nanoparticle laden droplets
Authors: Sanyal Apratim , Basu Saptarshi , Chowdhuri Subham , Kabi Prasenjit , Chaudhuri Swetaprovo
Published: April 2014

This work analyses the unique spatio-temporal alteration of the deposition pattern of evaporating nanoparticle laden droplets resting on a hydrophobic surface through targeted low frequency substrate vibrations. External excitation near the lowest resonant mode (n = 2) of the droplet initially de-pins and then subsequently re-pins the droplet edge creating pseudo-hydrophilicity (low contact angle). Vibration subsequently induces droplet shape oscillations (cyclic elongation and flattening) resulting in strong flow recirculation. This strong radially outward liquid flow augments nanoparticle transport, vaporization, and agglomeration near the pinned edge resulting in much reduced drying time under certain characteristic frequency of oscillations. The resultant deposit exhibits a much flatter structure with sharp, defined peripheral wedge topology as compared to natural drying. Such controlled manipulation of transport enables tailoring of structural and topological morphology of the deposits and offers possible routes towards controlling the formation and drying timescales which are crucial for applications ranging from pharmaceutics to surface patterning.
Lytic immune synapse function requires filamentous actin deconstruction by Coronin 1A
Authors: Mace Emily M. , Orange Jordan S.
Published: April 2014

Significance

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytolytic effector cells of the innate immune system. They are critical for the control of viral infection and malignancy, and patients with impaired NK cell function have recurrent and often fatal viral infection and malignancy. NK cell cytotoxic function is exerted by secretion of specialized lytic granules. Here, we show that deconstruction of synaptic cortical filamentous (F)-actin by Coronin 1A (Coro1A) is required for NK cell cytotoxicity through the remodeling of F-actin to enable lytic granule secretion. We define this requirement for remodeling using superresolution nanoscopy and Coro1A-deficient NK cells. In addition, we use NK cells from a patient with a rare Coro1A mutation, thus illustrating a critical link between Coro1A function and human health.
Natural insertions in rice commonly form tandem duplications indicative of patch-mediated double-strand break induction and repair
Authors: Vaughn Justin N. , Bennetzen Jeffrey L.
Published: April 2014

Significance

Very short insertions are usually attributable to replication slippage. Another class of longer insertions (>10 bp) creates tandem duplications even in the absence of preexisting repeats. This work provides analysis into the properties and mechanistic implications of such insertion polymorphisms segregating in rice. To our knowledge, this work is the first comprehensive analysis of this major class of natural mutations in any plant. Inspired by the prior experiments of Stéphane Vispé and Masahiko Satoh, we propose a model for how a substantial number of double-strand breaks are created and how they might result in tandem duplications. The model, based on patch-mediated nick repair, is indirectly supported by recently published experiments using a modified CRISPR-associated 9 nicking enzyme.
Structure of a mitochondrial cytochrome
c
conformer competent for peroxidase activity
Authors: McClelland Levi J. , Mou Tung-Chung , Jeakins-Cooley Margaret E. , Sprang Stephen R. , Bowler Bruce E.
Published: April 2014

Significance

Cytochrome
c
is essential to two important biochemical pathways, the electron transport chain and the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The heme crevice loop, which provides the Met80 ligand to the heme cofactor, is the most highly conserved segment of the cytochrome
c
sequence. The dynamics of this loop are likely important for both functions. Cytochrome
c
-mediated peroxidation of cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane is an early signal in apoptosis. We show that mutation of trimethyllysine 72 to alanine in yeast iso-1-cytochrome
c
allows formation of a conformer of the protein with Met80 displaced from the heme and enhances peroxidase activity. Thus, this residue is likely an important modulator of the peroxidase function of cytochrome
c
.
A bottom-up control on fresh-bedrock topography under landscapes
Authors: Rempe Daniella M. , Dietrich William E.
Published: April 2014

Significance

Hilly landscapes are typically mantled with soil and underlain by a weathered bedrock zone that may extend tens of meters beneath the surface before reaching fresh bedrock. The weathered bedrock zone influences water runoff to channels, the chemistry of that water, the rates and processes of erosion, and atmospheric processes due to plant uptake of moisture and return to the atmosphere. However, the spatial pattern of the underlying fresh-bedrock surface is essentially unknown. We present a testable model that predicts hillslope form and the depth to fresh bedrock. The depth increases upslope and depends strongly on the porosity and permeability of the bedrock and the rate of channel incision at the base of the hillslope.
Disruptions of individual and cultural identities
Authors: Pederson Joshua R.
Published: April 2014

For many Americans work plays a prominent role in the construction of one’s identity. However, experiencing job loss or unemployment disrupts a normal progress to living a successful life as outlined by the master narrative of the American Dream. In the present study I explore disruptions to personal identities and cultural narratives by conducting a narrative thematic analysis of stories told by unemployed individuals in online settings. The findings reveal five prominent identities including: (a)victim, (b)redeemed, (c)hopeless, (d)bitter, and (e)entitledanddumbfounded. The individuals performed these identities through telling stories of their disruptions that worked to reflect, construct, disrupt, and counter the master narrative of the American Dream. In this analysis I discuss avenues for exploring how constructions of individual identities disrupt cultural narratives, and the resulting implications for narrative theory.
Mennonite memories of Pelee Island, Ontario, 1925–1950
Authors: Wiebe Natasha
Published: April 2014

Our research team documented the experiences of Russian Mennonite immigrants who settled on Pelee Island in the province of Ontario, Canada, between 1925 and 1950. We collected more than 200 historic photographs from over 60 former islanders or their families; interviewed 8 former residents of the Pelee Mennonite community; and synthesized selected photographs and stories into a virtual museum exhibit. Our experience of asking participants to respond to photographs of the Pelee Mennonite community prompted the provisional framework described in this article. This framework offers 8 possibilities for categorizing the stories that emerge when researchers bring photographs (or other visuals) into the inquiry. This article demonstrates the framework using stories from our Pelee Mennonite inquiry. The framework is a starting point for other researchers to use or further develop as the attention given to the visual in narrative inquiry continues to grow.
Importance of Understanding Landscape Biases in USGS Gage Locations: Implications and Solutions for Managers
Authors: Deweber Jefferson Tyrell , Tsang Yin-Phan , Krueger Damon M , Whittier Joanna B , Wagner Tyler , Infante Dana M , Whelan Gary
Published: April 2014

Flow and water temperature are fundamental properties of stream ecosystems upon which many freshwater resource management decisions are based. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages are the most important source of streamflow and water temperature data available nationwide, but the degree to which gages represent landscape attributes of the larger population of streams has not been thoroughly evaluated. We identified substantial biases for seven landscape attributes in one or more regions across the conterminous United States. Streams with small watersheds (<10 km2) and at high elevations were often underrepresented, and biases were greater for water temperature gages and in arid regions. Biases can fundamentally alter management decisions and at a minimum this potential for error must be acknowledged accurately and transparently. We highlight three strategies that seek to reduce bias or limit errors arising from bias and illustrate how one strategy, supplementing USGS data, can greatly reduce bias.

RESUMEN

la temperatura y flujo de agua son propiedades fundamentales de los ecosistemas fluviales, sobre los cuales se toman diversas decisiones de manejo en cuanto a recursos dulceacuícolos. Los sensores del Estudio Geológico de los Estados Unidos de Norte América (EGEU) son la fuente disponible más importante de datos de flujo de agua y temperatura a nivel nacional, pero el grado al cual los sensores son representativos de los atributos paisajísticos de una población más grande de ríos, no ha sido analizado a profundidad. Se identificaron sesgos sustanciales en siete atributos paisajísticos en una o más regiones a lo largo de las zonas limítrofes de los Estados Unidos de Norte América. Los ríos de cauce pequeño (<10 km2) y aquellos localizados en regiones elevadas no estuvieron adecuadamente representados, y los mayores sesgos se observaron en los sensores que miden la temperatura del agua y en las regiones áridas. Los sesgos tienen el potencial de alterar de manera fundamental las decisiones de manejo, y como mínimo este error tiene que reconocerse de forma precisa y transparente. Se plantean tres estrategias que buscan tanto reducir el sesgo o limitar los errores que surgen de dicho sesgo, como ilustrar cómo una estrategia, suplementando los datos EGEU, puede reducir el sesgo de manera importante.