bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth in Vegetable Production and its Decomposition in Karnataka
Authors: Zainab Bi Afrin
Published: May 2021

Vegetables are important constituents of Indian agriculture and nutritional security. Along with health benefits, vegetables help in flourishing countries economy, as it provides a great opportunity for income and employment generation for the farming sector. The study has an objective to understand the extent of growth each vegetable experiencing and to derive the major factor for the growth in Karnataka, utilizing time-series data. The total area showed an increasing trend over the period with about 40 % increase in a span of two decades. However, figures for increased production were more appealing than its area, as it has shown 60 % increase. Total production of vegetables in Karnataka has increased from 42 lakh tonnes in 1998-99 to 68 lakh tonnes in 2018-19, with an annual growth rate of 3.9 %. The highest growth in production was observed in onion (7.5% annually) followed by tomato and cole crops. The area effect was the most responsible factor for increasing production of tomato, onion, guards, cole crops and other vegetables group. Thus, in effect for overall vegetables, it is 66 % of the total increased production effect. However, for potato and leafy vegetables, only yield effect was found to be positively contributing to the production.
Economic Impact of Practicing IPM And INM Technology in Paddy (Basmati) Crop in Haryana
Authors: Sehal Mohit
Published: May 2021

The research work was carried out with the objective to estimate the cost and returns in cultivation of paddy (basmati) in IPM-INM and CPM farms in Haryana. Information was extracted from 120 farmers by using well-structured interview schedule through survey method. Firstly four districts was purposively selected then one block was selected randomly from each district and from each block, 20 IPM-INM farmers and 10 CPM farmers were surveyed. The overall findings revealed that the total cost of cultivation for IPM-INM technology in paddy (` 110574ha-1) was somewhat greater than CPM paddy (` 106456 ha-1), the per quintal cost of production of IPM-INM paddy (` 2197) which was lower as compared to its CPM (` 2300), mainly due to higher productivity of IPM-INM (50.33 q/ha) paddy than the CPM (46.29 q/ha). The gross returns from IPM-INM and CPM farm was estimated to ` 138854 and ` 127927 per hectare respectively. As indicated by B:C ratio over variable cost of 2.73:1 for IPM-INM and 2.45:1 for CPM. Therefore, the cultivation of paddy was found to be more profitable with the adoption of IPM-INM technology, which is sustainable in every aspect.
Analysis of Total Factor Productivity of Pigeon Pea (Red Gram) in North-Eastern Karnataka, India
Authors: Suresh K.
Published: May 2021

The present paper explores the growth of total factor productivity of red gram crop in North-Eastern Karnataka. The cost of cultivation data of red gram crop for the period 1990-91 to 2012-13 was used for estimation of Total Factor Productivity. It was found that TFP of red gram crop has substantially increased in North Eastern Dry Zone and the mean TFP index recorded for the entire 23 year period was 1.92. TFP of red gram during the period has registered a growth rate of 5.14 percent per annum implying that change in output growth is due to the factors such as research, extension, soil types, rainfall and infrastructure facilities, etc. In the case of North-Eastern Transitional Zone, the TFP index registered fluctuations over 23 year period and there was no substantial growth in TFP. The total factor productivity estimate of red gram crop shows that there was significant growth in TFP in North-Eastern Dry Zone compared to North-Eastern Transitional Zone.
Self-Reliant Farming and Employment Opportunities for Migrant Workers Relating COVID-19 Post-Pandemic
Authors: Mandal Krishna Gopal
Published: May 2021

There has been an unprecedented crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The human witnessed significant changes in all spheres of activities in the society. There was complete, partial or intermittent lockdown all over the world to contain this infectious virus. People confined themselves mostly at home, and about 60% of economic activities was disrupted. The growth in the economy slowed down. Millions of international and internal migrant workers returned to their place of origin and again resuming works. To return to the economic normalcy, challenges would be to cope up with problems of migrant workers, protecting their livelihoods and providing income through employment to avert destabilizing effects. There is a need for strategic approaches and effective policies to strengthen self-sufficiency and self-reliance among returnees, and the farmers with the support of the Government and other agencies. Thus, attempts have been made in this paper to make an account on the migrant workers, to elucidate the COVID-19 impacts on them, to appraise major strategies and policy recommendations to strengthen self-reliant farming, rural development and re-employment.
Analysis of Temperate Fruits Production in Himachal Pradesh: A comparative study of different blocks of district Shimla
Authors: Kumar Sikander
Published: May 2021

Being a principal factor of production land occupies an important position in agriculture production and plays a key role in determining resource efficiency therefore,t he study was conducted to understand temperate fruits productivity of the different blocks of district Shimla in order to reveal the resource efficiency picture of different blocks. For studying resource efficiency, one has taken land as the main and principal resource and data of 10 years (2008-2018) for 10 Blocks being collected and analyzed with the help of regression and percentage method. It was found that in Almonds, Apricot, Cheery and Pears production at blocks Rampure and Jubbal & Kotkhai are showing the highest average and per hectare productivity however the coefficient value of land concerned blocks Narkand,Rohru, Mashobra, and Jubbal & Kotkhai is showing the highest land productivity for Almonds, Apricot, Cherry and Pears production, therefore, reveals the production and efficiency status of difference blocks of Shimla District.
Retention of a Brightness Discrimination Task in Paramecia, P. caudatum
Authors: Mingee Catherine M
Published: May 2021

Previous research into the possibility of learning in paramecia in this laboratory has shown that these organisms can learn to go to and remain in a specific location based on cathode shock reinforcement. The present experiment was designed to determine whether paramecia could retain (remember) the learned brightness discrimination task. The results indicate that the retention interval for this task in paramecia is shorter than 1 minute. It is possible that paramecia can remember this task for longer than a second but shorter than the 1-minute interval that was used during test. It is also possible that remembering for more than a few seconds requires a nervous system, which paramecia do not have.
DoGreat Grey Owls Comprehend Means–end Relationships?
Authors: Obozova T.A. , Zorina Z.A.
Published: May 2021

Cognitive abilities of the Great Grey Owl (Strix nebulosa) were tested with a means–end problem. Owls were presented the single baited string task and the string discrimination task. Our results suggest that owls failed to comprehend the physics underlying the object relationships involved in the tasks presented
The Use of a Five Factor Model in Equine Personality Research
Authors: Kristiansen Rachel E. , Kuczaj II Stan A.
Published: May 2021

In order to test the validity of a Five Factor Model of personality on horses, a questionnaire was replicated from a previous study, with an added option of don’t know to the traditional 5-point Likert scale. Raters responded to seventeen items of the 60-item scale with don’t know responses greater than 10% of the time and these seventeen items were subsequently removed from the study. A Principal Components Analysis was used with the remaining items, resulting in eight factors: Neuroticism, Active, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness, Social Extraversion, Temperamental, and Disciplined. These components correspond well to the five components extracted in the original study, indicating good reliability of the scale. However, 17 items from the original questionnaire were deemed irrelevant by raters, indicating a threat to validity. Though the remaining items were able to be used in analyses, further studies should examine if these are in fact the most effective items to use in the investigation of equine personality.//
Where has all our research gone? A 20-year assessment of the peer-reviewed wildlife conservation literature
Authors: Cronin Drew T. , Owens Jake R. , Choi Halle , Hromada Steven , Malhotra Rumaan , Roser Faith , Bergl Richard A.
Published: May 2021

We conducted a review of the wildlife conservation literature to identify broad trends in the publishing record and focal areas of research over the past 20 years. A total of 5,853 papers were reviewed with an emphasis on decadal changes between 1993, 2002, and 2012. For each paper we identified the journal and common keywords, and also determined the research scope, conservation issues and applications, and geographic focus. We found that both the numer of journals publishing in the field, as well as the number of published articles, has increased significantly over time. The proportional contribution of the most prominent journals in the field has decreased over time, but not the importance of the articles within those journals. Previously reported biases in the literature towards mammlas and birds persisted in our study, leaving large proportions of globally threatened taxa (e.g. amphibians) underrepresented. There was als a disparity in the number of publications from particular geographic regions, however the proportional contribution of under-represented geographic regions (e.g. Central & South America) increased over time. Finally, using the prevalence of keywords, we identified wildlife/adaptive management, hunting/bushmeat, and human wildlife conflict as contemporary (1998-2012) research priorities. The persistence of biases towards charismatic taxa can hinder conservation efforts, and we suggest that researchers refocus their efforts towards vulnerable regions and taxa in order to better address conservation priorities.
Future Directions in Comparative Psychology: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Miller Lance J. , Hill Heather M.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this special issue is to highlight the publication trends regarding research in today’s field of comparative psychology. A survey was conducted to determine the research priorities of institutions and researchers currently pursuing research with animals. Over 200 responses were received from 28 different countries representing scientists from many different backgrounds and institutions. Top priorities for research interests were clearly divided by the setting in which scientists conducted their research with animals. Experts from the fields identified as the most important future research topics on comparative psychology were invited to review their respective fields for publication trends over the last 20 years. The results of their significant efforts and the importance of continuing research in comparative psychology are presented and addressed in this special issue. We hope that this information will not only guide research within these fields but also identify potential overlap between zoos/aquariums and academic institutions to further collaboration within the field.
Behavioral Variability in the Service of Constancy
Authors: Bell Heather C.
Published: May 2021

From a stimulus-response (S-R) point of view, or even with an intermediate step, involving cognition (S-O-R), the existence of behavioral variablity in organisms, even under tightly controlled experimental conditions, suggests that 1) the relevant inputs to the system have not been fully characterized, 2) even the most minute difference in system inputs can produce vastly variable behavioral output, or 3) that behavior is fundamentally variable. Any of these possibilities leads to the conclusion that precise behavioral prediction, at any given moment, is virtually impossible. One can, however, re-conceptualize the challenge of understanding behavior such that it involves not what the organism will do from moment to moment, but what the characteristics of the system that governs the behavior of the organism are. In this paper, I outline a closed-loop cybernetic approach to understanding behavior, for which behavioral variability is actually a requirement. Findings are presented from a series of experiments across species, and using computer simulations, that support a cybernetic interpretation of behavior. I argue that behavioral variability provides adaptive advantages to organisms – regardless of whether that variability is produced by noise, or is actively generated by nervous systems. Finally, I discuss some ideas from embodied cognition that impose constraints on the variability of behavior.
Modulation of Variation by Response-Reward Spatial Proximity
Authors: Leising Kenneth J. , Ruprecht Chad M. , Stahlman W. David
Published: May 2021

There has been a recent surge in the experimental investigation of the control of behavioral variability. Currently, it is understood that variability in behavior is predictably modulated by reinforcement parameters (e.g., a probability of reward delivery and reward magnitude). In two experiments, we investigated how spatial proximity between response and reward locations impacts the production of behavioral variability in both response rate and lever press duration. Rats were trained to lever press on two levers in a standard operant chamber that only differed from one another in their proximity to a food niche (i.e., Near vs. Far); a second experimental factor, the probability of reward, was signaled by an auditory cue. In Experiment 1, trials with a high-probability stimulus terminated with reward on 100% of trials, while trials with a low-probability stimulus terminated with reward 25% of the time. We conducted a similar procedure in Experiment 2, but reduced the likelihood of reward on low-probability trials to 10%; additionally, we collected data in a post-acquisition extinction test. Overall, reduced proximity and probability increased variation of response rate, whereas only the probability factor affected lever press duration. Proximity also interacted with probability to influence variation in response rate. These findings extend the factors modulating behavioral variability to include the spatial proximity between a response and reward.
Variability of manual dexterity performance in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Kaeser Mélanie , Chatagny Pauline , Gindrat Anne-Dominique , Savidan Julie , Badoud Simon , Fregosi Michela , Moret Véronique , Roulin Christine , Schmidlin Eric , Rouiller Eric M.
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study was to quantify the inter-individual and intra-individual variability of manual (digits) skill in adult macaque monkeys, over a motor learning phase and, lateron, when motor skills were consolidated. The hypothesis is that several attributes of the stable manual dexterity performance can be predicted from learning characteristics. The behavioral data were collected from 20 adult Macaca fascicularis, derived from their dominant hand, defined as the hand exhibiting a better performance than theother. Two manual dexterity tasks were tested: (i) the modified Brinkman board task, consisting in the retrieval of food pellets placed in 50 slots ina board, using the precision grip (opposition of the thumb and index finger);(ii) the reach and grasp drawer task, in which the grip force and the load force were continuously monitored while the monkey opened a drawer against a resistance, before grasping a pellet inside the drawer. The hypothesis was verified for the performance of manual dexterity after consolidation, correlated with the initial score before learning. Motor habit, reflected by the temporal order of sequential movements executed in the modified Brinkman board task, was established very early during the learning phase. As mostly expected, motor learning led to an optimization of manual dexterity parameters, such as score, contact time, as well as a decrease in intra-individual variability. Overall,the data demonstrate the substantial inter-individual variability of manual dexterity in non-human primates, to be considered for further pre-clinical applications based on this animal model.
Understanding and Assessing Emotions in Marine Mammals Under Professional Care
Authors: Delfour Fabienne , Charles Aviva
Published: May 2021

In the last 30 years, concerns about animal emotions have emerged from the general public but also from animal professionals and scientists. Animals are now considered as sentient beings, capable of experiencing emotions such as fear or pleasure. Understanding animals’ emotions is complex and important if we want to guarantee them the best care, management, and welfare. The main objectives of the paper are, first, to give a brief overview of various and contemporary assessments of emotions in animals, then to focus on particular zoo animals, that is, marine mammals, since they have drawn a lot of attention lately in regards of their life under professional care. We discuss here 1 approach to monitor their emotions by examining their laterality to finally conclude the importance of understanding animal emotion from a holistic welfare approach.
Redefining the Relationship Between National Law and European Law
Authors: Mathieu Bertrand
Published: May 2021

Relations between European legal orders and national legal orders present specificities that call into question the principles dictating how states are governed. As the scope of European activities expands, whether it is the European Union or Council of Europe, the potential for conflict is created. In this context, it is important to redefine these relationships and create regulatory mechanisms. This article aims to suggest avenues in this direction.
Food Sovereignty: Is There an Emerging Paradigm in V4 Countries for the Regulation of the Acquisition of Ownership of Agricultural Lands by Legal Persons?
Authors: Csirszki Martin Milán , Szinek Csütörtöki Hajnalka , Zombory Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

This study aims to provide an overview of regulation with regard to the acquisition of ownership of agricultural lands by legal persons in four countries: Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, and the Czech Republic. Each state is analysed in separate chapters. The frame of reference for this research is food sovereignty; therefore, regulation in the respective countries is examined in light of this paradigm. Research has shown that even in a group of such closely related countries, there are significant differences in the scrutinised legal regulation. At the end of the study, a conclusion is drawn in light of food sovereignty.
The Current State of Recodification Works of Slovak Private Law and Its Perspectives
Authors: Dulaková Jakúbeková Denisa
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the current state of the ongoing process of private law recodification in the Slovak Republic. Despite the efforts promised by every new government, to this day, none of them have achieved a recodification of civil law that would ultimately result in unambiguous treatment of, in particular, the so-called questions of values, nor have any of them seen through the creation of a codex, which has long been required. The need for recodification first became apparent even before the November 1989 Revolution. The focus of the expert public post-revolution was on filling the legal vacuum that came about through the abolition of the Economic Code and the Code of International Trade and on substituting them with a new and equivalent legal regulation. Due to time constraints and the urgent need for a solution to the given situation, the country failed to adopt a single universal regulation for private law; instead, the so-called major amendment of the previous Civil Code was adopted. This state has since prevailed; thus, Slovakia’s legal system is still subject to a Civil Code from 1964, amended on several occasions, as well as the Commercial Code from 1991. This is despite the numerous attempts to recodify private law, the last attempt having been introduced to the public at the end of 2018. The form of this reform was, however, surprising. Slovakia saw a change in governments in 2020, and the new government has, to date, declared other priorities in the domain of justice. It is, therefore, difficult to say whether the new government will adopt the ambition to recodify private law and, if so, to what extent it will succeed in completing this goal.
Luminescence Studies of Transition Metal (Cu+ and Ag+ Ions) Activated Alkali Zinc Mixed Phosphate
Authors:   Department of Physics, Kirti M. Doongursee College, Dadar, Mumbai- 400028, India, Jog Milind
Published: May 2021

Because of the importance of inorganic phosphates in the solid-state lighting industry, KZnPO4 doped with some transition metal dopant ions like Cu+ and Ag+ ions were prepared by low-cost co-precipitation method at room temperature followed by annealing at a high temperature around 6500C. The prepared phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction. In the case of a Photoluminescence study for KZnPO4 doped with Cu+, the emission was observed at 425 nm, which corresponds to the emission of Cu+ ion. In the case of Ag+ doped KZnPO4, weak emission was observed at 420 nm, which is assigned to the emission of Ag+ ions. CIE chromaticity coordinate of KZnPO4 doped with Cu+ and Ag+ ions phosphor was also evaluated via using OSRAM SYLVANIA color calculator and colour purity of concentration was nearly 95% of Cu+ and Ag+ ions. The obtained outcomes revealed that the prepared phosphor shows potential application in the field of solid-state lighting.
Application of Criminal Substitution Fines in the Form of Confiscation ofthe Convicted’s Assets in Taxation Crimes
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, RS. Fatmawati Street, South Jakarta City, 12450, Yuhandri Iwan
Published: May 2021

The Law on General Provisions and Procedures for Taxation (UU KUP) does not regulate the confiscation of convicted assets in lieu of fines as well as criminal confinement in lieu of fines. This led to a different opinion among the judges in handing down the verdict, thus causing legal uncertainty. The method used in this writing uses a type of normative legal research, with a statute approach and case approach, using primary legal materials, by collecting data on a library research basis, then analyzed using qualitative methods. Judges in imposing criminal substitute fines in the field of taxation there are two different opinions in the court's decision, namely: First, the verdict that directly substantiates the seizure of criminal property if the convicted does not pay the fine; Second, directly subsiste the confinement in lieu of fines if the convict does not pay the fine, without confiscating the property of the convicted. Criminal confinement in lieu of fines refers to Article 30 and Article 31 of the Penal Code (KUHP).
VULNERABILIDAD DE PADECER DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN LA COMUNIDAD DE JOA
Authors: Placencia López Barbara Miladys , Hernández Escobar Arturo , Fienco Bacusoy Augusto Rafael , Reyes Chele Allison Vanessa
Published: May 2021

La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ECNT) que tiene una alta prevalencia en el mundo, los inadecuados estilos de vida y el autocuidado de la población son factores que inciden negativamente en esta problemática. El presente estudio se desarrolló en la comunidad de Joa perteneciente al cantón Jipijapa-Manabí-Ecuador, tuvo como propósito determinar la vulnerabilidad de padecer diabetes tipo 2 en la población adulta en las edades comprendidas entre 20 y 60 años de edad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, y de análisis a personas con riesgo de padecer diabetes en usuarios de 20 años en adelante, se realizó una encuesta para la recogida de información, se midió, además, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la glucemia. La hipertensión y la diabetes son las enfermedades que más afectan a la comunidad objeto de estudio, y los riesgos de padecer diabetes se relacionaron con los valores de glucemia por encima de los valores normales, la obesidad y la falta de ejercicios físicos, alteraciones que afectaron en mayor porcentaje al género femenino, sumado a la notable afectación económica existente para el adecuado cuidado de la salud.
Sampling methods for cryptographic tests
Authors: Marinakis George
Published: May 2021

Modern cryptographic algorithms have an enormous key diversity, therefore the procedures for the testing of the algorithm strength for all the keys, will take practically an infinite time. To avoid this, the sampling method must be used, in which a much smaller number n of the total key combinations N is tested, and then the performance of the algorithm for all the keys is calculated with a predefined sampling error. For each sampling key n, a cipher output (sample) is produced and the critical questions are how many samples must be tested and how large must be the size of each sample. The general rule is that, the sampling error is decreased as the number of the samples is increased. But since the tests must be executed in an acceptable time, the above rule should be considered together with some additional factors, such as the type of the cryptographic cipher, the kind and the size of the plain information and the available computer power. In this study the interrelations of all the above factors are examined and applicable solutions are proposed.

Keywords: Cryptography, Data encryption, Communication security, Computer security, Data security, Information security.
Validation and standardization of the Plutchik suicide risk
scale in the civil population and active police in Colombia
Authors: Olivella-López Giselle , Ramírez Ospina Diana Carolina , Avendaño Bertha Lucía , Cudris-Torres Lorena , Medina-Pulido Pedro L.
Published: May 2021

Instrumental type study, whose objective was to determine and describe the psychometric characteristics of the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale (PSRS) (1), in the version translated and validated in Spain (2).

Estudio de tipo instrumental, cuyo objetivo: fue determinar y describir las características psicométricas de la Escala de Riesgo de Suicidio de Plutchik (PSRS) (1), en la versión traducida y validada en España (2).
Psychological impact of labor mobbing in an automotive company in Guanajuato Mexico
Authors: Vaca Rico Nancy Alejandra , Gutiérrez-García Raúl A.
Published: May 2021

The mobbing is a problem of social relevance that has been increasing, given the evidence regarding the consequences and psychosocial risks, problems in interpersonal relationships and of a family, work nature, and organizations.

El mobbing (acoso) es un problemad e relevancia social que ha ido en aumento, dada la evidencia respecto a las consecuencias y riesgos psicosociales, problemas en las relaciones interpersonales y de índole familiar, laboral y organizacional.
Emotional responses, caring, self-care, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Ortega-Aponte Diana , Rozo-Sánchez Astrid , Rivera-Porras Diego , García- Echeverri Mabel , Pérez-Reyes Ginna
Published: May 2021

Currently, the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and the various measures to stop the contagion has developed multiple crises in society. The work environment has been transformed, occupational diseases have increased, therefore, it was decided to analyze the information published on the current problem and it was found that according to statistics, depressive, panic, and stress disorders have increased, due to social isolation, the change in routine and new ways of exercising job responsibilities, leading to a decrease in people’s psychological well-being.

Actualmente la pandemia ocasionada por el COVID-19y las diversas medidas para detener el contagio han desarrollado múltiples crisis en la sociedad.
Más de mil millones de dosis de vacunas anti-COVID-19 han sido administradas en 4 meses. Un logro asombroso y sin precedentes en el mundo
Authors: Cruz Lillia
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo fue realizado utilizando como fuente de información el explorador de datos sobre COVID-19 disponible en https://ourworldindata.org (1).
NURSES’ PERCEPTION OF THEIR COMPETENCIES IN THE PROVISION OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE: A CASE OF LOITOKITOK SUB-COUNTY HOSPITAL
Authors: Wanjiru Muchene , Ntoiti Peter , Gathigia Ruth
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ self-evaluation of their competencies in the care of psychiatric patients at Loitoktok Sub-County Referral Hospital. 

Methodology: A cross-sectional study, employing census survey of all the 41 eligible nurses working in the hospital was done. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Informed voluntary consent and all other ethical clearances were obtained.  The data obtained was analyzed using SPPS version 20.

Findings: Majority of nurses were from maternity department. On gender aspect, female nurses were more than male nurses. Most nurses had strong perceived competency in provision of psychiatric care especially in the area of therapeutic communication. The perceived competency did not significantly differ across the nurses’ qualification, neither did it significantly vary from one department to another. However, the study revealed significant variation in perceived competency across the various years of experience. Moreover, the perceived competency in conducting psychiatric assessment had a significant influence on the ability to provide psychiatric care. Likewise, the perceived intervention competency had an influence on the ability to provide care. However, there was no relationship between perceived communication competency and ability to provide psychiatric care.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: There is need for  regular assessment of nurses’ competencies to form need based capacity building, especially for nurses with more than four years’ experience; and exploring opportunities of encouraging nurses to seek assistance with competencies they have deficiencies in.
HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS’ FACTORS INFLUENCING TRAUMA CARE PREPAREDNESS IN ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF SELECTED HOSPITALS IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Okwiri Dinnah , Okoth John , Sum Tecla
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to determine health care provider factor influencing trauma care preparedness among health care providers working in accident and emergency department of the selected hospitals.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional Analytic study. Census sampling was used to select General Practitioner hospitals. Systematic sampling technique was used to choose study participants from 11 selected hospitals. The study participants were 183 health care providers (Doctors, Clinical Officers and Nurses) working in the selected hospitals’ accident and emergency departments.  Data was collected using structured questionnaires and observation checklists. Data was analyzed using statistical package for Social Science software version 22.0. Inferential statistics were used to test the strength of association. 

Findings; Health care providers’ factors that influenced trauma care preparedness were; specific training on trauma care (p=0.002), attending Continuing medical education (p=0.0008) and duration when last update was received (p= 0.04). 

Unique contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: Trauma related training, trauma related continuing medical education and duration when last trauma update was received influence trauma. Health care providers working in accident and emergency department should undergo trauma related training and get frequent updates on trauma care.
Franco da Rocha e publicação de suas idéias: uma análise do meio social na explicação etiológica da loucura
Authors: Ribeiro Paulo Silvino
Published: May 2021

Este artigo é resultante de um estudo acerca das relações e contribuições do pensamento médico (do último quartel do século XIX) com o processo de institucionalização das Ciências Sociais no Brasil. Mais especificamente trata-se de uma reflexão sobre o trabalho intelectual e político de um dos nomes mais importantes da história da psiquiatria e do alienismo brasileiro, Dr. Francisco Franco da Rocha. A análise de sua produção intelectual permite o dimensionamento de sua contribuição enquanto representante da possível produção de um pensamento médico acerca da realidade social brasileira. Na esteira do desenvolvimento da medicina psiquiátrica no Brasil parece brotar uma peculiar análise social empreendida por Franco da Rocha. Ao final deste breve trabalho, desvela-se uma originalidade na fala do “Pinel Paulista” o qual, ao esboçar sua explicação da etiologia social da loucura, faz uso de um senso crítico quanto aos contornos da estrutura social que vê, ao mesmo tempo em que destaca suas escolhas teóricas, as quais não necessariamente reproduziam os discursos hegemônicos de seu tempo.
As relações Brasil-França na criação do Instituto Butantan
Authors: Dias Carlos Eduardo Sampaio Burgos
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo traçar uma relação entre as ciências produzidas no Brasil e as ciências produzidas na França, buscando compreender os sentidos da colonização do pensamento civilizatório francês a partir da Proclamação da República. Ainda busca identificar, a partir desse fato, a criação do Instituto Serumtherápico do Estado de São Paulo, mais tarde Instituto Butantan, de modo a buscar semelhanças e características com os principais produtores de ciência, dentre eles a França e o Instituto Pasteur. Tem como referencial teórico o livro de Caio Prado Júnior, “A formação do Brasil Contemporâneo”, onde a principal discussão abordada pelo autor coloca o sentido da colonização no Brasil na formação histórica do país até o que o autor chama de Brasil Contemporâneo que tem como ponto de partida a Proclamação da República, sem negar os acúmulos histórico-sociais que culminaram nessa data.
História e Teoria Social, de Peter Burke
Authors: Alves Olga Sofia Faberge
Published: May 2021

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Farmacêuticos paulistas e as práticas de cura populares (1892-1930)
Authors: Kanikadan Paula Yuri Sugishita , Marques Maria Cristina da Costa
Published: May 2021

As práticas de cura populares foram um recurso muito procurado no primeiro período republicano paulista. Tais práticas começaram a sofrer regulamentações quando farmacêuticos envolveram-se no controle da fabricação e do comércio de medicamentos. Leis e atos normativos passaram a emergir como forma de conter homens comuns e até mesmo farmacêuticos que praticavam a cura popular. Neste misto de práticas caseiras e científicas é que os farmacêuticos começaram a ganhar espaço na saúde pública da República Velha, e acabaram se fortalecendo como classe profissional na “carona” que tomaram para combater as práticas de cura populares.
Museu de Saúde Pública “Emílio Ribas”
Authors: Senne Catia Alves de , Urzua Flavia Andréa Machado
Published: May 2021

Entrevista com Jandira Lopes de Oliveira, nascida em 1949, em São Paulo, no bairro do Sumaré. Historiadora e diretora do Museu de Saúde Pública Emílio Ribas por mais de vinte anos, de 1981 a 2007. Foi uma das responsáveis pela criação do Museu Histórico do Instituto Butantan.
Mulheres, cuidados e reforma psiquiátrica brasileira: um protagonismo (oculto) na assistência psiquiátrica
Authors: Passos Rachel Gouveia
Published: May 2021

Aproximando-se, preliminarmente, de experiências maternalistas de hoje, o presente artigo propõe-se a tensionar o debate com foco nos cuidados ofertados pela proteção social primária, indicados pelos cuidados prestados pelas mulheres aos usuários da saúde mental.
Nascimento e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação na América Latina: uma Visão Histórica
Authors: Baiardi Amilcar
Published: May 2021

Os sistemas nacionais de ciência e tecnologia não nasceram espontaneamente nos países da América Latina. Eles foram induzidos por forças externas e por forças internas. As forças externas seriam as sugestões e condicionamentos estabelecidos pelas agências das Nações Unidas, e também os resultados de acordos de cooperação internacional, inclusive no campo da segurança entre blocos de nações. Como forças internas mencionam-se a mobilização das comunidades científicas, a vontade política de governantes e dirigentes partidários e também algumas pressões exercidas pelas classes empresariais. Na América Latina os sistemas nacionais de ciência e tecnologia não são implantados de forma completa, não apresentando, entre eles, uma sincronia de nascimento e construção. Da mesma forma, foram diferentes as vicissitudes e os arranjos de implantação, o que faz com que eles funcionem de modo desigual no conjunto de nações latino-americanas.
Instituto de Higiene (1918-1929) no estado de São Paulo – a atuação de Geraldo Horácio de Paula Souza e Mário da Costa Galvão
Authors: Correia Luciana Cristina
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como intuito colocar em relevo as atividades realizadas e preconizadas do Instituto de Higiene de São Paulo, por meio da análise: da tese “Inspecção Sanitaria de Mogy das Cruzes”, escrita por Mário da Costa Galvão em 1922 e, defendida na cadeira de Higiene da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo; da defesa da necessidade de uma especialização em higiene para médicos, que iria além dos ensinos adquiridos na disciplina de higiene oferecida durante os cursos de medicina em geral, promovida por Geraldo Horácio de Paula Souza, descritas no relatório de atividades do Instituto de Higiene escrito em 1926, para o secretário dos Negócios do Interior, e em um texto de 1929, com o título “Instituto de Hygiene de S. Paulo”. E por fim, analisamos o regulamento do Curso de Especialização em Higiene e Saúde Pública para Médicos de 1928, concretização das idéias de Paula Souza, a respeito de uma formação especializada para sanitaristas.
Surgimento do ensino veterinário na Bahia e suas condicionantes
Authors: Silva Guilherme Augusto Vieira da , Baiardi Amilcar
Published: May 2021

O presente ensaio procura narrar os principais fatos históricos relacionados com o surgimento do ensino veterinário na Bahia, seja do ponto de vista da formação da comunidade científica e da construção institucional, como da influência dos fatores infra-estruturais e super-estruturais, que condicionaram o mesmo processo. A Bahia é retardatária em relação a outros estados brasileiros no que concerne à criação do ensino veterinário de nível superior. Em que pese houvesse intenção de criá-lo no fim do século XIX, somente setenta anos depois isto de fato se verifica, dentro de um processo de prosperidade e modernização que o estado foi palco, na passagem de uma economia agrário-exportadora para uma economia industrial, cujo marco foi a descoberta e a exploração de petróleo a partir de 1950.
Nos tempos de Capanema*, a saúva e os direitos de monopólio
Authors: Costa Edilaine Vieira
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar sete processos de Embargos e duas Queixas Criminais que fazem parte do acervo histórico do Museu do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, nos quais atuou como suplicante um grande cientista brasileiro, Guilherme Schüch Capanema (Barão de Capanema), buscando impedir a comercialização ilegal de um invento de sua autoria, o qual ficou muito famoso à época, pois foi largamente usado no combate às formigas saúvas que arrasavam as plantações do país, principalmente as cafeeiras.
Medicina Social e Saúde Coletiva
Authors: Cordeiro Hésio
Published: May 2021

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História Social dos trabalhadores do Instituto Butantan: ASIB – Associação dos Servidores do Instituto ButantanEntrevista de Antônio Carlos Barbosa
Authors: Dias Carlos  Eduardo  Sampaio  Burgos , Silva Douglas Cristiano Afonso da
Published: May 2021

A entrevista de Antônio Carlos Barbosa é peça-chave do projeto de pesquisa História Social dos trabalhadores do Instituto Butantan (IBu). Este projeto visa investigar as formas de organização dos trabalhadores da instituição e sua relação com a história da instituição, dando voz a sujeitos nem sempre valorizados pela própria história.
Crônicas Subversivas de um cientista, de Luiz Hildebran-do Pereira da Silva
Authors: Marques Cristiano Correa de Azevedo
Published: May 2021

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Implementation of Simple Additive Weighting in Providing Micro Business Loans at Bank Mandiri Pematangsiantar
Authors: Sitanggang Sahat Sonang , Sirait Erwin
Published: May 2021

Banks are institutions and institutions that are organizations and institutions in Indonesia and have an important role in the sustainability of the Indonesian economy. Bank Mandiri is one of the banks that provides micro business credit facilities to the business world. The higher the public's interest in getting micro business credit, the banks need software to help determine who is entitled to credit. In order to produce a proper feasibility analysis, a method of decision-making in overcoming these problems is needed so that determining who is entitled to receive credit is not too long and efficient in reducing credit risk. Problems arise in the decision-making process for granting micro-business loans, namely the inaccuracy of micro-business credit recipients. The above problems can be resolved by building a Decision Support System which can assist decision makers in assessing and selecting micro business loans using variables: Income, Collateral, Loan Limit, Installments, Length of Business, Number of Dependents. The system built by applying the Simple Additive Weighting method is known as the method of adding weight. The Simple Additive Weighting method requires a decision matrix normalization process  to a scale that can be compared with all available alternative ratings. This will be a reference in ranking and consider the advantages and disadvantages of applying for a credit loan in order to find the desired candidate. From the test results using 10 data samples, it was obtained that the first rank was received credit on behalf of A5 with a value of 9.33, and the last rank was on behalf of A6 with a value of 6.4. and very helpful in solving problems faced by Bank Mandiri Pematangsiantar.
Hemoptysis Hospital Based Study, At AL- Kindy Teaching Hospital
Authors: Fadel Baker , Sajid Ali , Luaibi Emad kareem
Published: May 2021

Background: Expectoration of blood that originated in the lungs or bronchial tubes is a frightening symptom for patients and often is a manifestation of significant and possibly dangerous underlying disease. Tuberculosis was and still one of the common causes followed by bronchiactasis , bronchitis, and lung cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study is to find the frequency of causes of respiratory tract bleeding in 100 patients attending alkindy teaching hospital.Type of the study: : Prospective descriptive observational study Methods of a group of patients consist of one hundred consecutive adult patients, with Lower respiratory tract bleeding are studied. History, physical examination, and a group of selected investigations performed, including complete blood examination and blood film, PT, PTT, sputum direct gram and AFB stain, cytology ,chest radiography, CT scan, and bronchoscopy when indicated.Results: pulmonary tuberculosis, acute bronchitis, lung carcinoma, and bronchectiasis are the major causes of hemoptysis in our study with 27%, 23%, 23%, 20% respectively. Of the included patients 63% were males, specially age 41-60, while 37% were females. The primary malignancy is more common than secondary cancer, and that squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcioma, are the most common.Conclusions: Tuberculosis is the main cause of lower respiratory tract bleeding, followed by lung carcinoma bronchitis, and bronchiactesis. Most of the patients are males and in middle age , sever bleeding is not common and squamous cell carcinoma is commonest cause regarding malignancies followed by adeno carcinoma
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FAIRTRADE NETWORK TO CRITICALPERFORMATIVITY IN COFFEE PRODUCER COOPERATIVES
Authors: Cezar Layon Carlos , Rosa Alexandre Reis
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze the influence of the Fairtrade network formation and articulation process on the critical performativity of coffee producer cooperatives. The study is based on a qualitative, exploratory, and interpretative approach based on the triangulation of semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and documents for the construction of the case study carried out in a cooperative of Conilon coffee producers. The main results indicate that the insertion of the cooperative in the network promoted by Fairtrade allowed an expansion of its way of acting without the loss of identity, resisting the numerous pressures exerted by the other members, from democratic mechanisms that became engines to boost the critical performance of the organization. From the investigation, it is believed that the article advances in the discussion of critical performativity, showing that in alternative organizations such as cooperatives, this proposal challenges the proposition of simply questioning discourses and managerial practices, requiring a pragmatic intervention for the transformation of organizational reality.
BUILDING THE FAIRTRADE COFFEE MARKET IN BRAZIL:PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Alvarenga Rafael Pazeto , Arraes Nilson Antonio Modesto
Published: May 2021

This article aims to characterize the actions aimed at the Brazilian Fairtrade certified coffee market. It achieves this objective by describing the strategies aimed at the internal market of the stakeholders of Fairtrade certified coffee in Brazil. This is done in a scenario where there is: i) insufficient research that addresses the Brazilian Fairtrade coffee market; ii) increased consumption of specialty coffees in Brazil; iii) saturation of the external market for certified Fairtrade coffee. To this end, the article was designed by applying interviews and questionnaires to the main stakeholders of Fairtrade certified coffee in Brazil. The lack of collective strategies for publicizing Fairtrade coffee in Brazil is the main obstacle to the consumption of the product in the domestic market.
Development of the composition for biosecurity of textile materials
Authors: Ongabekova A. P. , Kalzhan G. E. , Burkitbay A.
Published: May 2021

This work provides for the development of a new composite composition based on substances such as copper sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, benzoin and salicylic acid, intended for the biosecurity of cotton and combined fabrics. The advantages of using a new composite composition are the availability of the drugs used, as well as the simplicity of the technological process. This effective composite compound, developed for antimicrobial treatment of textile materials, is relatively cheap, environmentally safe, and resistant to wet processing. According to the results of the study, it was found that the cotton and combined fabrics presented by the compositions have good antimicrobial properties, as well as are resistant to the effects of microorganisms during consumption.
Study antimicrobial properties of hemp materials modified by copper nanoparticles
Authors: Tausarova B. R. , Sharipbek A. M.
Published: May 2021

Optimal conditions for the processing of hemp materials with copper nanoparticles have been developed. The antibacterial properties of hemp materials modified by copper nanoparticles have been investigated. It has been shown that hemp materials modified by copper nanoparticles have antibacterial activity to bacteria and mold fungi E-Coli, Pennicillium brevi.