bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing the understanding of coastal disturbances with a network‐of‐networks approach
Authors: Myers‐Pigg Allison N. , Moanga Diana , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Ward Nicholas D. , Megonigal J. Patrick , White Elliott , Bailey Vanessa L. , Kirwan Matthew L.
Published: January 2025

Coastal ecosystems are at the nexus of many high priority challenges in environmental sciences, including predicting the influences of compounding disturbances exacerbated by climate change on biogeochemical cycling. While research in coastal science is fundamentally transdisciplinary—as drivers of biogeochemical and ecological processes often span scientific and environmental domains—traditional place–based approaches are still often employed to understand coastal ecosystems. We argue that a macrosystems science perspective, including the integration across distributed research sites, is crucial to understand how compounding disturbances affect coastal ecosystems. We suggest that many grand challenge questions, such as advancing continental‐scale process understanding of extreme events and global change, will only be addressed in coastal ecosystems using a network‐of‐networks approach. We identify specific ways that existing research efforts can maximize benefit across multiple interested parties, and where additional infrastructure investments might increase return‐on‐investment along the coast, using the coastal continental United States as a case study.
Implementation of guideline‐recommended therapies in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction according to heart failure duration: An analysis of 55 581 patients from the Swedish Heart Failure (SwedeHF) Registry
Authors: Shahim Angiza , Linde Cecilia , Savarese Gianluigi , Dahlström Ulf , Lund Lars H. , Hage Camilla
Published: January 2025

Aims

Guidelines recommend immediate initiation of all four class I guideline‐directed medical therapies, renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) or angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI), beta‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) following the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The extent to which this occurs in new‐onset HFrEF is unclear. We assessed guideline‐recommended therapies during the first year following a HFrEF diagnosis.

Methods and results

The Swedish HF Registry was linked to additional national registries. In patients with HFrEF (ejection fraction <40%), clinical characteristics and HF treatment from when they were available and recommended in guidelines were assessed according to time from HF diagnosis (<3, 3 to <6, 6–12 and >12 months). Of 55 581 patients with HFrEF enrolled between 2000 and 2021, 54%, 5.8%, 4.8% and 36% had an HF duration of <3, 3 to <6, 6–12 and >12 months, respectively. Patients with shorter HF duration were younger, had lower New York Heart Association class and had fewer cardiovascular comorbidities. Within 3 months, 3 to <6 months, 6–12 months and >12 months from HF diagnosis, 93%, 92%, 90% and 89% were on RASI or ARNI, 9.8%, 17%, 19% and 22% on ARNI alone, 35%, 43%, 44% and 46% on MRA, 92%, 92%, 92% and 91% on beta‐blockers, and 26%, 30%, 19% and 28% on SGLT2i, respectively. Additionally, 18% received cardiac resynchronization therapy/implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator >12 months after diagnosis.

Conclusions

Most patients received RASI and beta‐blockers in the first months following HFrEF diagnosis. Use of ARNI, MRA and SGLT2i was limited, both in the early and later time periods. Our findings suggest that strategies to improve guideline‐directed use of HFrEF therapies remain urgently needed.
The More I See It the Less I Want It: Sociotropic Corruption and (In)tolerance Towards Corruption in Contexts of Perceived Economic Crisis
Authors: Costa‐Lopes Rui , Do Bú Emerson Araújo , Madeira Filipa , Pinto Isabel R.
Published: January 2025

Whether the widespread perception of corruption is associated with lower or higher tolerance towards corrupt practices remains an important research question. Considering that, in economic downturns, citizens may become particularly sensitive to corruption, this paper goes further by exploring how the relationship between perceived sociotropic corruption and tolerance towards corruption may be moderated by perceptions of economic crisis. Findings from Study 1 with a representative sample of the Portuguese population (N = 1020) indicate that the higher the perceived sociotropic corruption, the lower the tolerance for corruption and that the negative relationship between sociotropic corruption and tolerance for corruption is strengthened by an economic crisis perception. Study 2 (N = 120) experimentally explored these findings and provided preliminary evidence of greater intolerance towards corruption under high sociotropic corruption, especially when the economic crisis perception is salient. These results show how the salience of corruption practices might improve adherence to integrity normative expectations and how contextual factors might impact this process.
Correlation of Total Polyphenol and Flavonoid Content With Antioxidant Activity of Caucasian Bee Honey
Authors: Bozkuş Tuğba Nigar
Published: January 2025

Honey is a natural product gathered by honeybees from the pollen and nectar of various plants and flowers. The homeland of the Caucasian honey bee, which draws attention with its honey production and is one of the most productive bee races known in the world, is Northeastern Anatolia in Türkiye. This study aims to determine and correlate the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 54 honey samples obtained from the most important gene centers of the Caucasian bee in Türkiye. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and ferric reducing antioxidant power of aqueous honey extracts were in the range of 9.95–66.34 mg GA/100 g, 0.76–14.24 mg Q/100 g, 63.00–150.00 mg T/100 g, respectively. All analysis methods of Caucasian bee honey samples showed statistically significant differences according to location. The variation in phenolic content and antioxidant activities in Caucasian bee honey is attributed to the region's specific geographical location and vegetation. Furthermore, a robust and significant correlation was identified between the antioxidant activity of the honey samples and the total levels of polyphenols and flavonoids. Thanks to these features, Caucasian bee honey can be an important nutritional and commercial product.
Extracorporeal Shock Waves Therapy for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Wounds—A Prospective, Monocentric Clinical Trial to Examine the Effect of Shock Waves on Wound Healing
Authors: Landscheidt Kristina , Alabdulmohsen Ahmed , Hübscher Markus , Geber Benjamin , Hernekamp Jochen‐Frederick , Goertz Ole
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The aim of our prospective blinded clinical study was to examine a possible improvement and acceleration of epithelialization by treatment with low‐energy extracorporeal shock waves on skin graft donor and recipient sites in patients with chronic wounds. In addition, several secondary parameters were investigated to evaluate the compatibility of the therapeutic method, its influence on infection occurrence and bacterial colonization.

Materials and Methods

A total of 35 patients were included in the study. Of these, 25 participants were assigned to the verum‐placebo group and 10 to the sham treatment group. The study of the sham control group was done to exclude a possible “remote effect” of the placebo area. Depending on the group, the wound areas were treated with low‐frequency shock waves, placebo, or sham. The examinations were performed immediately on Day 0 after surgical treatment and on Days 5, 7, 9, and 12 after surgery. To record long‐term results, an additional evaluation of the wound situation was performed on Day 90.

Results

Epithelialization was statistically significantly accelerated by shock wave application at both skin graft recipient sites and donor sites (0.86 vs. 0.92, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the risk of wound infection was significantly reduced by using extracorporeal shock waves. Serious side effects were not reported.

Conclusion

A repeated application of ESWT followed by standardized wound care was shown to significantly accelerate the time to re‐epithelialization at the skin graft donor and recipient site compared with re‐epithelialization time in patients of the sham/placebo group.
Current Trends, Spatio‐Temporal Dynamics of Microplastics Research and Global Public Health: A Scientometric Study
Authors: Alvitez Juan , Huarachi Luis , Temoche Abigail , Medina Carlos , Alvitez‐Temoche Daniel , Cabanillas‐Lazo Miguel , Mayta‐Tovalino Frank
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the current trends and spatiotemporal dynamics of microplastic research and public health through a scientometric study from 2019 to 2024.

Methods

An observational and descriptive approach was applied to the published literature on microplastics and public health published in January 2019 and July 2024. A quantitative approach was used to analyze document production, author–country collaborations and thematic evolution. A comprehensive search of the Scopus database was conducted using a combination of keywords related to “microplastics” and “public health.” Papers that explicitly addressed these topics were considered for analysis. SciVal and R studio software were used for the analyses.

Results

Significant growth in paper production was observed, with an increase in international collaboration and a diversity of paper types. The most prominent journals in this field include “Science of the Total Environment” and “Journal of Hazardous Materials”, which lead in terms of academic output and impact. There was an upward trend in the number of publications in the Q1 quartile, reflecting growing interest in this field. Several authors have demonstrated a significant impact on microplastic research and its impact on public health, highlighting the importance of further research in this field. In addition, 156 sources and 259 papers related to microplastics and public health research were identified, reflecting the diversity and richness of research in this field. The thematic evolution showed interesting changes in focus topics over time, highlighting the intersection of microplastics with topics such as “covid‐19” and “public health.”

Conclusions

These findings underscore the relevance and urgency of microplastic and public health research and suggest promising directions for future research. The increasing volume of published research in these fields over time reflects the continuing importance of microplastics research and its impact on public health.
Isosteviol Sodium Promotes Neurological Function Recovery in a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Zhang Tongxia , Zhang Tao , Yu Han , Chi Lingyi
Published: January 2025

Background

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incurable condition that is the largest cause of disability. In previous studies, Isosteviol sodium (STVNa) has been shown to protect rats against acute focal cerebral ischemia; however, the effects of STVNa on SCI recovery in rats remain unknown.

Methods

STVNa was given intraperitoneally after SCI to see if it had any neuroprotective benefits. On Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post‐SCI, functional recovery was measured using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system along with the oblique plate test. Following these evaluations, spinal cord tissues were harvested for analysis. All behavioral testing occurred between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m.

Results

We found that STVNa improved spinal cord functional recovery in rats, as evidenced by enhanced BBB locomotor rating scale, angle of inclination, decreased cavity of spinal cord damage, and neuron death in vivo. In addition, STVNa reduced inflammation in rats following SCI, as demonstrated by a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and interleukin (IL)‐1β. STVNa also reduced oxidative damage in SCI rats by lowering ROS while raising SOD levels.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that STVNa protects SCI rats through a variety of pathways. STVNa, in particular, may benefit the recovery of SCI by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to enhanced locomotor activity in rats with SCI.
Evaluation of transplant pharmacist‐led post‐transplant hyperglycemia service
Authors: Ho Kevin , Cohen Elizabeth , Do Vincent , Girone Gianna , Marvin Jennifer , Belfield Kristen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Uncontrolled post‐transplant hyperglycemia (PTHG) can result in post‐transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), therefore strict control of PTHG is warranted. PTDM affects 10%–40% of transplant recipients and increases morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine if pharmacy‐led management of PTHG through a collaborative practice agreement (CPA) improves glycemic control.

Methods

Retrospective review of adults ≥18 years who received a kidney or liver–kidney transplant between January 2014 and December 2015 and April 2021 and October2022 in the pre‐ and post‐CPA groups, respectively. Inclusion criteria were patients started on any anti‐hyperglycemic agent within 1 month of transplant with 12 months of follow‐up. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, an insulin pump, other organ transplants, or treatment with high‐dose corticosteroids for rejection were excluded.

The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits within 6 months of transplant due to PTHG. Secondary outcomes included hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) <7% and discontinuation of insulin at 6‐ and 12‐month post‐transplant, and time to first documented ambulatory PTHG assessment. Data were reported with descriptive statistics.

Results

Fifty‐one and 53 patients in the pre‐ and post‐CPA groups were included, respectively. Transplant pharmacists followed all patients in the post‐CPA group.

The primary outcome occurred in three patients (5.9%) in the pre‐ and no patients in the post‐CPA groups (p = 0.083), respectively. More patients in the post‐CPA group achieved a HgbA1c <7% at 6 months (31.7% vs. 68.1%; p = 0.007) and 12 months (22.7% vs. 58.3%; p = 0.004) using the last HgbA1c carried forward. More patients in the post‐CPA group discontinued insulin at 12 months (7.1% vs. 30%; p = 0.02) and all anti‐hyperglycemic agents by 6 months (2% vs. 15.1%; p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The transplant pharmacy‐led service increased access to care, numerically reduced hospitalizations and ED visits due to PTHG, achieved more HgbA1c <7%, and had less insulin use at 6‐ and 12‐month post‐transplant.
A comprehensive study on the effect of air gap distances on morphology and gas separation performance of cellulose triacetate/polysulfone dual‐layer hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad Hamad , Yeong Yin Fong , Chew Thiam Leng
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Dual‐layer hollow‐fiber (DLHF) membranes possess various advantages over single‐layer hollow‐fiber (SLHF) membranes, such as use of brittle but high‐performance materials, greater flexibility in the spinning process, improved pressure resistance, and reduced substrate resistance. However DLHF membranes face challenges in the fabrication process. Key spinning parameters of DLHF membranes such as dope flow rate, take‐up speed, coagulant composition, and spinning temperature, are well studied in the literature, but the impact of higher air gap distance on membrane morphology and separation is less explored due to limited fabrication environments. Additionally, using different polymers for the outer and inner layers can reduce costs but often causes delamination, hindering DLHF membrane advancement. In this study, a new combination of cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polysulfone (PSf) polymers was used to fabricate a delamination‐free DLHF membrane by varying the air gap distance in the range of 3–15 cm. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was performed to study its effect on membrane morphology.

RESULTS

The obtained results showed that the DLHF membrane spun at an air gap distance of 9 cm exhibited a CO2 permeability of 17.76 GPU (gas permeation units), and CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity of 12.00 and 17.44, respectively, which were 377.32% and 579.68% higher than that of fibers spun at 3 cm air gap distance.

CONCLUSION

In this study, it can be inferred that 9 cm is the optimum air gap distance of the CTA/PSf DLHF membrane in terms of performance, thus making them a potential polymer combination for future DLHF membrane fabrication and gas separation. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Mechanistic insight into human milk extracellular vesicle‐intestinal barrier interactions
Authors: Luo Xiang , Zhang Yunyue , Ding Ning , Javorovic Jana , Raimi‐Abraham Bahijja Tolulope , Lynham Steven , Yang Xiaoping , Shenker Natalie , Vllasaliu Driton
Published: January 2025

Human milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mother‐to‐baby messengers that transfer biological signals. These EVs are reported to survive digestion and transport across the intestine. The mechanisms of interaction between human milk EVs and the intestinal mucosa, including epithelial uptake remain unclear. Here, we studied the interaction of human milk EVs with the gut barrier components, including intestinal biofluids, enzymes, mucus and epithelium. Additionally, we probed the endocytic mechanisms mediating the EV intestinal uptake. Finally, using proteomic analysis, we determined the existence and identification of proteins enriched in the EV fraction transported across the intestinal epithelium. We show that human milk EVs are largely stable in the biochemical gut barriers and demonstrate high mucus diffusivity. EVs show a high level of epithelial cell uptake (∼70%) and efficient transport across Caco‐2 monolayers. Whilst cell uptake of EVs was mediated by multiple routes, none of the pathway‐specific inhibitors inhibited their epithelial translocation. Proteomic analysis of EVs transported across Caco‐2 monolayers identified 14 enriched EV proteins that may facilitate intestinal transport. These findings significantly expand our understanding of the interactions between human milk EVs and the gut barriers, including their intestinal uptake.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity as a predictor of poor prognosis in advanced biliary tract cancer
Authors: Sugiura Ryo , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Kuwatani Masaki , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Harada Kazuaki , Ohara Masatsugu , Yonemura Hiroki , Nozawa Shunichiro , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: January 2025

Background

High subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity (SATr), an indirect surrogate marker of adipose tissue quality, was associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. The present study aimed to assess the association of SATr with survival outcomes in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC).

Methods

This retrospective, single‐center study included patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC who underwent chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were assessed using the log‐rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model according to the SATr status.

Results

The study cohort included 234 patients, including 38 and 196 patients with high and non‐high SATr, respectively. The median OS durations were 10.5 and 17.4 months (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.19–2.49, p < .01) and the median PFS durations were 4.9 and 8.0 months (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05–2.20, p = .03) in patients with high and non‐high SATr, respectively. By multivariate analysis, high SATr, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio >5, modified Glasgow prognostic score 1–2, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen >5.0 ng/mL were predictors for OS (HR, 1.66, 2.42, 2.00, and 1.56, respectively; p < .05). By multivariate analysis, metastatic disease status, high SATr, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio >5, and modified Glasgow prognostic score 1–2 were independent risk factors for worse PFS (HR, 1.56, 1.56, 1.81, and 1.57, respectively; p < .05).

Conclusions

High SATr was associated with risk of tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with advanced BTC treated by palliative chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy.
Reducing Postoperative Opioid Use: A Comparison of Open Versus Ultrasound‐Guided Regional Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Open Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Mavani Parit T. , Sok Caitlin , Ajay Pranay S. , McPherson Tarrant , Switchenko Jeffrey , Kooby David A. , Shah Mihir M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Opioid crisis is a national issue with significant economic burden and marked increase in opioid‐related deaths, particularly following surgical procedures. Reducing opioid requirements while maintaining effective analgesia is critically challenging, perioperatively. Multimodal drug regimens and guided regional anesthesia (RA) have been adopted to address this issue. We aimed to assess postoperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing open pancreatoduodenectomy based on the routes of RA administration: open versus ultra‐sound guided.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Emory University Saint Joseph's Hospital, encompassing patients who underwent open pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) from 2020 to 2022 who received ultrasound‐guided RA (U‐RA) or open RA (O‐RA). Patient demographics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes, including opioid consumption measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) at 24, 48, and 72 h, were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression identified predictors of postoperative opioid use.

Results

Of 95 patients, 47 met inclusion criteria: 27 received U‐RA and 20 O‐RA. Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics were similar between patients receiving O‐RA and U‐RA. A lower opioid requirement was noted in the O‐RA group compared to the U‐RA group at all time points. (24 h: 6.5 vs. 18, p = 0.004; 48 h: 18 vs. 37, p = 0.001; 72 h: 30.5 vs. 57, p = 0.002). On multivariable analysis, only route of regional anesthesia was independently associated with reduced opioid use across all time points (24 h: mean difference = −5.75, 95% CI: −11.3, −0.18; 48 h: mean difference = −16.95, 95% CI: −27.5, −6.4; 72 h: mean difference = −20.39, 95% CI: −35.4, −5.3) Patient age, gender, race, obesity, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, small pancreatic duct, and pancreatic fistula were not independently associated with opioid use.

Conclusions

O‐RA may offer a better approach than U‐RA in minimizing opioid consumption after open PD. These findings suggest the incorporation of O‐RA for upper abdominal surgeries to decrease the necessity of postoperative opioids.
Adults and Adolescents With Neuroblastoma: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Chidiac Charbel , McDermott Katherine M. , Ramdat Caitlyn , Price Matthew D. , Greer Jonathan B. , Ladle Brian H. , Rhee Daniel S.
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, is rare in adults. This study compares patient characteristics, disease patterns, and treatments among adults, adolescents, and children with neuroblastoma.

Methods

We queried the National Cancer Database (2004–2019) for neuroblastoma cases. Patient and tumor characteristics, treatments, and 5‐year overall survival (5‐OS) were compared between adults (≥ 18 years), adolescents (10–17 years), and children (0–9 years). Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression assessed survival differences.

Results

Among 6350 neuroblastoma patients, 256 (4.0%) were adults, 222 (3.5%) were adolescents, and 5872 (92.5%) were children. Tumors were largest in adolescents (9.7 cm), followed by adults (8.0 cm) and children (6.7 cm) (p < 0.001). Adults were less likely to have tumors in the adrenal glands (34.0% vs. children: 54.7%, adolescents: 43.2%, p < 0.001) and had lower rates of metastasis (10.9% vs. 19.3% and 19.4%, p < 0.001). Compared to children, adults received less chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bone marrow transplants (p < 0.001). 5‐OS was worse in adults (65.8%), followed by adolescents (70.4%) and children (78.2%) (p < 0.001). After adjustment, adults (aHR: 2.27; 95% CI, 1.71–3.01) and adolescents (aHR: 2.02; 95% CI, 1.54–2.64) had higher hazards of death compared to children.

Conclusions

Adults and adolescents with neuroblastoma have distinct clinical features and lower survival than children, underscoring the need for tailored treatment approaches for older patients.

Level of Evidence

III.
Land Use Planning for Land Degradation Neutrality: Reflections and Critical Challenges
Authors: Briassoulis Helen
Published: January 2025

Positing that land use planning (LUP) is both a technical and a political endeavor that should predominantly promote the preservation of the land‐based natural capital, the present study aspires to first, constructively problematize the Scientific Conceptual Framework for Land Degradation Neutrality (SCF‐LDN) approach and second, reveal the challenges of integrating LDN into LUP. This paper comprises four sections. The first briefly outlines and appraises the SCF‐LDN approach and the second presents and deepens into the concept of LDN drawing on the broader concept of neutrality. The third section briefly presents LUP and the SCF‐LDN guidance on LUP for LDN, examines how the SCF‐LDN conception and guidance (LDN concerns for short) can be integrated in each stage of the (formal) LUP process, and identifies the main challenges that arise. A small fifth section sets the key question for LUP. The Conclusions recapitulate the discussion, reflect on the need for complementary and/or alternative socio‐politically situated (context‐ and scale‐sensitive) LUP and other processes to preserve the land‐based natural capital and suggest avenues for future research. The main aim of this paper is to show, through an extensive critical review and an in‐depth methodological analysis of the review outcomes, that land degradation neutrality is not as relevant and well justified in a planning context as often assumed, a problem exacerbated by its ambiguous definition. LDN, as a global requirement, can be retained to serve as a special exercise to support global assessments.
End‐To‐End FRET Enabling Direct Measurement of Oligomer Chain Conformations and Molecular Weight in Reaction Solutions
Authors: Valdez Sara , Ismail Syba , Wang Yuming , Qiang Zhe
Published: January 2025

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an established tool for measuring distances between two molecules (donor and acceptor) on the nanometer scale. In the field of polymer science, the use of FRET to measure polymer end‐to‐end distances (Ree) often requires complex synthetic steps to label the chain ends with the FRET pair. This work reports an anthracene‐functionalized chain‐transfer agent for reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization, enabling the synthesized chains to be directly end‐labeled with a donor and acceptor without the need for any post‐polymerization functionalization. Noteworthily, this FRET method allows for chain conformation measurements of low molecular weight oligomers in situ, without any work‐up steps. Using FRET to directly measure the average Ree of the oligomer chains during polymerization, the chain growth of methyl methacrylate, styrene, and methyl acrylate is investigated as a function of reaction time, including determining their degree of polymerization (DP). It is found that DP results from FRET are consistent with other established measurement methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Altogether, this work presents a broadly applicable and straightforward method to in situ characterize Ree of low molecular weight oligomers and their DP during reaction.
Applying the Social Cognitive Theory to Design a Health Education Program on Weight‐Loss Behaviors Among Police Officers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Esmaeili Alireza , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Rashidi‐jahan Hojat , Rahmati Fatemeh , Lin Chung‐Ying , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: January 2025

Background

Being overweight/having obesity is a prevalent condition not only among the general population but also among individuals with special occupations such as police officers, where fitness is often a necessity. The present study's aim was to assess how much a psychoeducational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) would be helpful for encouraging weight loss behaviors among police officers.

Methods

In a randomized control trial, 102 police officers who were overweight or had obesity voluntarily registered for a weight loss program and were assigned to either an intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group took part in a health education program comprising six face‐to‐face 60–80 minute sessions over a 6‐week period that was designed based on SCT principles. The control group participated in routine worksite health promotion programs comprising weekly one‐hour sessions on lifestyle‐related topics and optional individual nutrition consultations. At baseline and 3 months after the intervention, both groups were examined in terms of SCT's measures and weight control strategies as the primary outcomes, as well as para‐clinical variables such as blood lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) as secondary outcomes. Analysis of covariance was used to assess changes from baseline to follow‐up between groups.

Results

All SCT measures indicated significant improvements among those in the intervention group compared with the control group. Outcome expectancy (F = 445; p < 0.001) and self‐efficacy (F = 366; p < 0.001) were the two most influential factors. Although both intervention and control groups reported significant changes in weight control behaviors, all behavioral scores in the intervention group were considerably greater than those in the controls. The dietary choice component showed the greatest change from baseline to follow‐up (F = 267; p < 0.001). All indices of blood lipid profile also indicated significant improvements in the intervention group compared with the control group. Weight decreased significantly more from baseline to follow‐up among those in the intervention group compared with those in the control group (F = 69.0, p < 0.001). BMI was reduced in the intervention group, while in the control group showed a slight increase (mean difference: −0.4 [CI: −0.4 to −0.3] versus 0.1 [CI: 0.0 to 0.1]).

Conclusions

An education program based on SCT may contribute to weight loss among police officers who are overweight/have obesity. Assessment of the program's effects in other settings and occupational populations is warranted.
Pulmonary Function Testing in Healthy Infants in Rural Bangladesh: Feasibility Study
Authors: Verwey Charl , Sojib HM Golam Kibria , Islam Md Shafiqul , Roy Arunangshu Dutta , Islam MD ASMD Ashraful , Chowdhury Nabidul H. , Czovek Dorottya , Makan Gergely , Ahmed Salahuddin , Baqui Abdullah H. , Hantos Zoltan , McCollum Eric D.
Published: January 2025

Background

Infant pulmonary function testing (iPFT) in low‐ and middle‐income countries is limited. We evaluated the early feasibility of iPFT in rural Bangladesh.

Methods

Experts established an iPFT laboratory at Zakiganj Upazila Health Complex in Sylhet, Bangladesh and trained staff. Infants ≤ 6 months old participating in a cohort study between 2021 and 2022 were eligible for respiratory oscillometry (Osc), tidal breath flow‐volume loops (TBFVL), and sulphur hexaflouride multiple breath washout (MBW) during natural sleep. Participants with a respiratory infection within 4 weeks were not tested. Among the first 25 infants with attempted Osc, TBFVL, or MBW measurements, we report the test proportions meeting international quality standards, measurement averages, and the mean measurement differences between laboratory staff and experts.

Results

Among the first 25 eligible infants with attempted measurements, acceptable Osc measurements were achieved in 88% (22/25), TBFVL in 96% (24/25), and MBW in 88% (22/25). Infants tested by Osc at 2 months were a median (IQR) of 81 days old (73, 85) and tested at 6 months were a median of 194 days old (193, 202); TBFVL/MBW tested infants were a mean 83 days (79, 87). Mean (SD) Osc resistance at 7 Hz was 66.3 (25.2) and 64.0 (22.4) hPa.s.L−1 at 2 and 6 months. At 2 months, TBFVL mean tidal volume/body weight was 7.4 (1.4) mL/kg and MBW mean (SD) lung clearance index was 7.2 (1.0) turnovers. iPFT staff and expert interpretation differences were minimal.

Conclusions

Establishing an iPFT laboratory and performing quality measurements and expert‐level interpretations in rural Bangladesh is feasible.
Facilitators and Barriers for Physiotherapists to Engage in Goal‐Setting With Patients During Their Hospital Stay—An Explanatory Sequential Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Baumbach Linda , Feddern Wiebke , Grube Friederike , König Hans‐Helmut , Hajek André , Klotz Susanne G. R.
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

Goal setting is a key aspect of patient‐centered physiotherapy, helping to motivate patients, align healthcare efforts, prevent oversight, and stop ineffective interventions. This study aims to identify facilitators and barriers for physiotherapists in hospitals to set and document patient treatment goals.

Methods

An explanatory sequential mixed‐methods approach was used. The survey, informed by systematic reviews of factors influencing shared decision‐making and the theoretical domains framework (TDF), included 25 statements to be rated. Two focus groups (n = 8) discussed (1) factors from the survey, (2) the goal‐setting processes, and (3) brainstormed facilitators and barriers for documenting physiotherapy goals.

Results

Survey findings showed mixed opinions but agreement on two factors, which indicate that the goal influences the therapeutic interventions and motivates the therapists. The focus group identified four themes: “Goal,” “Physiotherapeutic Self‐Conception,” “Interprofessionality”, and “Hospital Setting.” Issues included limited space and poor placement in documentation systems, mental rather than written goal conceptualization, and a perceived lack of interest from interprofessional team members, leading to deprioritization by physiotherapists. Finally, joint goal setting was deemed impractical for certain patients.

Discussion

Hospital physiotherapists set treatment goals with their patients. The process is influenced by various factors, including interprofessional dynamics and the hospital setting. The identified themes align with existing literature. Effective documentation of patient‐centered physiotherapy goals in hospitals requires well‐designed tools and interprofessional collaboration. Further, it is crucial to understand professional self‐conception and acknowledge situations where physiotherapists need to set goals independently.
The stereoselective bioactivity and mechanism of indoxacarb against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Guo Haoming , Xiao Nan , Wang Zhixuan , Liang Yabo , Liu Xueke , Wang Peng , Liu Donghui
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Indoxacarb, a type of chiral pesticide, is used to control Lepidoptera insects. Most studies had focused on the environmental behavior and selective toxicity of indoxacarb enantiomers, and the mechanism behind its selective biological activity against target organisms is not well understood.

RESULTS

Spodoptera frugiperda was selected as the target insect. The lethal concentrations (96 h) of indoxacarb enantiomers on S. frugiperda were 2.61 mg/kg (S‐indoxacarb) and 463.52 mg/kg (R‐indoxacarb). S‐Indoxacarb resulted in stronger oxidative damage to S. frugiperda than R‐indoxacarb, and catalase and malondialdehyde were upregulated by 40.46% and 68.64% respectively after treatment with S‐indoxacarb. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase were activated by S‐indoxacarb, increasing by 39.62% and 63.68% respectively. Decarbomethoxyllated JW062 (DCJW), a metabolite of indoxacarb, has insecticidal activity. The concentration of DCJW in the S‐indoxacarb treatment group was 2.73 times that in the R‐indoxacarb treatment group. Molecular docking results demonstrated that S‐indoxacarb could spontaneously bind to metabolic enzymes and be metabolized.

CONCLUSIONS

Enantiomeric bioactivity of indoxacarb enantiomers against on S. frugiperda was observed. S‐Indoxacarb demonstrated remarkable insecticidal efficacy. Upon ingestion by S. frugiperda, it induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, S‐indoxacarb was metabolized to DCJW, which has a significant role in its insecticidal properties. The selective bioactivity of indoxacarb enantiomers in S. frugiperda might be attributed to the enantiomeric metabolites. These findings offer a new perspective on the selective mechanisms of chiral pesticides. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimizing Laccase Production From Halotolerant Enterobacter sp. GR18 for Hydrocarbon Bioremediation
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad , Sepahi Abbas Akhavan , Razavi Mohamad Reza , Saffarian Parvaneh
Published: January 2025

Hydrocarbon contamination, primarily from oil spills and their derivatives, poses significant environmental challenges and has profound impacts on public health and ecosystems. Innovative bioremediation strategies, especially those utilizing laccase enzymes, have emerged as robust and sustainable solutions to degrade these persistent pollutants. This study focused on optimizing laccase production from Enterobacter sp. GR18, isolated from the Grawan mineral spring near Sardasht, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The bacterium was identified through comprehensive biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Advanced methodologies were used to optimize laccase production conditions. The purified laccase enzyme was characterized using SDS‐PAGE. The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources, metal ions, and inducers on enzymatic activity were thoroughly investigated. Structural changes in crude oil samples treated with laccase were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Enterobacter sp. GR18 showed exceptional laccase activity among 33 isolated strains. Glucose and yeast extract were the most effective carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Copper and iron ions significantly enhanced enzyme activity. NMR spectroscopy indicated substantial breakdown of complex hydrocarbons in crude oil samples posttreatment, demonstrating the enzyme's effectiveness in hydrocarbon degradation. This study reveals the potential of Enterobacter sp. GR18 for high laccase production and efficient hydrocarbon degradation under extreme environmental conditions. These findings can catalyze the development of robust and sustainable bioremediation technologies to address hydrocarbon contamination.
Pristine and Alkaline Earth Metal‐Decorated C24N24 Fullerenes as Potential Sensors for Halomethanes: A Comparative DFT Investigation
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Moussa Nayra A. M. , Rady Al‐shimaa S. M. , Mekhemer Gamal A. H. , El‐Tayeb Mohamed A. , Khan Shahzeb , Soliman Mahmoud E. S.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, attempts were made to investigate the adsorption potential of pristine and alkaline earth metal (AEM)‐decorated C24N24 fullerenes toward the halomethanes (XCH3, where X═F, Cl, and Br). By means of DFT calculations, the XCH3⋯C24N24 and ⋯AEM@C24N24 complexes (AEM═Be and Mg) were adequately examined. Upon energetic features, the FCH3⋯Mg@C24N24 complex exhibited the most negative adsorption and interaction energies with values of −21.01 and −22.61 kcal/mol, respectively. From thermodynamic analysis, spontaneous and exothermic natures of XCH3⋯Mg@C24N24 interactions were affirmed, unveiling favorable role of Mg decoration in enhancing the adsorption process. From SAPT analysis, the electrostatic forces dominated the interactions within the XCH3⋯C24N24 and ⋯Be/Mg@C24N24 complexes. Upon FMOs analysis, notable alterations in the distribution of molecular orbitals of studied fullerenes were noticed, indicating the effect of XCH3 adsorption on the electronic features of the studied fullerenes. Further, the Egap values were decreased after the adsorption process which enhanced electrical conductivity of studied fullerens. From DOS plots, the capacity of the C24N24 and Be/Mg@C24N24 to adsorb the XCH3 molecules was affirmed. Solvation energies demonstrated the favorability of the studied adsorption process in the water phase. The present findings established C24N24 and AEM@C24N24 fullerenes as potential effective candidates for detecting halomethanes.
Cost‐Effective RuNi Solid Solutions Prepared by Electrodeposition for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Weng Yibo , Li Qingqing , Li Kaikai
Published: January 2025

The development of efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is crucial for water electrolysis. Currently, Ru‐based catalysts are considered top contenders, but issues with stability, activity, and cost remain. In this work, RuNi alloys possessing a solid solution structure within the Ru lattice are prepared via straightforward electrodeposition on various substrates and assessed as HER catalysts in alkaline media. A RuNi solid solution containing 9.8 at. % Ni deposited on Ti substrate, wherein the Ni content greatly surpasses the solubility limit of Ni in Ru at room temperature, exhibits a considerably low overpotential of 28 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, along with good long‐term stability (less than 100 mV increase in overpotential after 600 h). The enhancement in HER performance results from the increased electron density around Ru atoms due to Ni coordination, which facilitates the desorption of H* from the catalyst surface to produce H2. Concurrently, incorporating Ni reduces the Ru usage, rendering the RuNi alloy a viable cost‐effective HER catalyst for practical applications.
A Highly Ductile Composite of 3D‐Printed Poly(Lactic Acid) With InSe Particles and Flakes as a Filler
Authors: Li Huihui , Yu Zhongliang , Liu Bowen , Gao Yang , Liu Ming , Zhang Jianqi , Ruoff Rodney S. , Wang Bin
Published: January 2025

The biodegradable polymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is brittle. PLA‐based composites reinforced by indium selenide (InSe) particles or flakes are prepared; each is found to have outstanding plasticity. InSe nanosheets are prepared by sonication of solid InSe in N‐methyl pyrrolidone, followed by washing/dispersion in ethanol, and subsequent drying. These InSe nanosheets, or in separate studies InSe particles, are mixed with PLA to make composite materials. The PLA composite materials are 3D‐printed into “dogbone” samples that are tensile‐loaded. The optimum dogbone specimen is 1.5 times stronger and 5.5 times tougher than neat PLA specimens prepared in the same way. To the best of our knowledge, this concurrent improvement in tensile strength and toughness has not been achieved before in PLA with any filler type. Finite element analysis, together with experimental analysis of (i) fracture surfaces, (ii) the PLA crystal structure, and (iii) the internal structure by micro‐CT scanning, suggests that the exceptional mechanical performance is due to the intrinsic properties of InSe and, particularly, the emergence of crack shielding and crack deflection at the interfaces of PLA and InSe flakes. These findings indicate that PLA–InSe composites may offer opportunities to broaden the applications of PLA composites, including as load‐bearing materials.
Evaluation of Daylight Filters for Electroluminescence Imaging Inspections of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: dos Reis Benatto Gisele Alves , Kari Thøger , Del Prado Santamaría Rodrigo , Mahmood Aysha , Stoicescu Liviu , Spataru Sergiu Viorel
Published: January 2025

Outdoor daylight electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) imaging of photovoltaic (PV) modules for defect and fault detection is of significant interest in the Operations & Maintenance industry. In this method, it is aimed to extend inspection hours to daylight, enhance safety compared to traditional nighttime imaging, and maintain the diagnostic accuracy unique to luminescence imaging. In this research, it is suggested that filtering out sunlight is mandatory, although it overlaps with the solar cell luminescence emission range. Moreover, image processing is required for daylight images to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and ensure optimal image quality under varying solar conditions. In this work, the performance of six optical filter configurations is evaluated using the fast Fourier transform image processing method, with image sequences captured indoors under controlled lighting conditions and outdoors in both overcast and sunny environments. In the results, it is indicated that, for the PV modules studied, filters with a transmission bandwidth of 50–300 nm around the EL spectrum peak provide a sufficiently high SNR and image quality for fault detection and quantification comparable to indoor‐quality images. In high‐noise scenarios, such as imaging in bright daylight, filters with narrower bandwidths enable the use of wider lens apertures, resulting in the highest‐quality EL images in this study.
Redefining intelligence: collaborative tinkering of healthcare professionals and algorithms as hybrid entity in public healthcare decision-making
Authors: van Voorst Roanne
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the collaboration between healthcare professionals and algorithms in making decisions within the realm of public healthcare. By extending the concept of ‘tinkering’ from previous research conducted by philosopher Mol (Care in practice. On tinkering in clinics, homes and farms Verlag, Amsterdam, 2010) and anthropologist Pols (Health Care Anal 18: 374–388, 2009), who highlighted the improvisational and adaptive practices of healthcare professionals, this paper reveals that in the context of digitalizing healthcare, both professionals and algorithms engage in what I call ‘collaborative tinkering’ as they navigate the intricate and unpredictable nature of healthcare situations together. The paper draws upon an idea that is increasingly common in academic literature, namely that healthcare professionals and the algorithms they use can form a hybrid decision-making entity, challenging the conventional notion of agency and intelligence as being exclusively confined to individual humans or machines. Drawing upon an international, ethnographic study conducted in different hospitals around the world, the paper describes empirically how humans and algorithms come to decisions together, making explicit how, in the practice of daily work, agency and intelligence are distributed among a range of actors, including humans, technologies, knowledge resources, and the spaces where they interact. The concept of collaborative tinkering helps to make explicit how both healthcare professionals and algorithms engage in adaptive improvisation. This exploration not only enriches the understanding of collaborative dynamics between humans and AI but also problematizes the individualistic conception of AI that still exists in regulatory frameworks. By introducing empirical specificity through ethnographic insights and employing an anthropological perspective, the paper calls for a critical reassessment of current ethical and policy frameworks governing human–AI collaboration in healthcare, thereby illuminating direct implications for the future of AI ethics in medical practice.