bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-signal bladder urine at T1-weighted MR imaging performed 1–7 days after a prior gadolinium-enhanced MRI: prevalence and correlation with renal function
Authors: Foran Paul , Hwang Sinchun , Mazaheri Yousef , Panicek David M.
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of high-signal bladder urine at T1 weighted MRI performed 1–7 days after injection of gadolinium-based contrast material and to assess for correlation with altered renal function.

Methods:

The study group consisted of 267 patients who underwent MRI that included the bladder 1–7 days after a prior gadolinium-enhanced MRI. A control group consisted of 200 patients who underwent pelvic MRI and had not received gadolinium-based contrast material within the prior month. One reader recorded the relative T1 weighted signal intensity of bladder urine and calculated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for each patient. A positive scan was defined as one with bladder urine T1 weighted signal higher than that of muscle.

Results:

25 (9%) of 267 study group scans were positive; this included 68% ( n = 19) of scans obtained 12–24 h after gadolinium-based contrast material administration, 21% ( n = 3) after 25–36 h, 7% ( n = 2) after 37–48 h, and 3% ( n = 1) after 49–72 h. No positive scan occurred after 72 h or in the control group. Mean eGFR in positive scans obtained more than 36 h after gadolinium-based contrast material administration was significantly lower than in negative scans in the same timeframe (37 vs 76 ml/min, respectively; p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

High T1 weighted signal in bladder urine occasionally is present on MRI performed up to 3 days after gadolinium-based contrast material administration, presumably reflecting residual excreted gadolinium-based contrast material. When visible more than 36 hours after gadolinium-based contrast material administration, such increased signal is associated with low eGFR.

Advances in knowledge:

Increased signal is occasionally present in bladder urine at MRI performed up to 3 days after gadolinium-based contrast material administration. When higher signal is visible more than 36 hours after contrast administration, it is associated with decreased eGFR.
Biometric identification of newborns and infants by non-contact fingerprinting: lessons learned
Authors: Saggese Steven , Zhao Yunting , Kalisky Tom , Avery Courtney , Forster Deborah , Edith Duarte-Vera Lilia , Almada-Salazar Lucila Alejandra , Perales-Gonzalez Daniel , Hubenko Alexandra , Kleeman Michael , Chacon-Cruz Enrique , Aronoff-Spencer Eliah
Published: May 2019

Despite years of effort, reliable biometric identification of newborns and young children has remained elusive. In this paper, we review the importance of trusted identification methods, the biometric landscape for infants and adults, barriers and success stories, and we discuss specific failure modes particular to young children. We then describe our approach to infant identification using non-contact optical imaging of fingerprints. We detail our technology development history, including Human-Centered Design methods, various iterations of our platform, and how these iterations addressed failure modes in the identification process. We close with a brief description of our clinical trial of newborns and infants at an urban hospital in Mexico and report preliminary results that show high accuracy, with matching rates consistent with acceptable field-performance for reliable biometric identification in large populations.
"What is the best method of family planning for me?": a text mining analysis of messages between users and agents of a digital health service in Kenya
Authors: Green Eric P , Whitcomb Alexandra , Kahumbura Cynthia , Rosen Joseph G , Goyal Siddhartha , Achieng Daphine , Bellows Ben
Published: May 2019

Background: Text message-based interventions have been shown to have consistently positive effects on health improvement and behavior change. Some studies suggest that personalization, tailoring, and interactivity can increase efficacy. With the rise in artificial intelligence and its incorporation into interventions, there is an opportunity to rethink how these characteristics are designed for greater effect. A key step in this process is to better understand how users engage with interventions. In this paper, we apply a text mining approach to characterize the ways that Kenyan men and women communicated with the first iterations of askNivi, a free sexual and reproductive health information service. 

Methods: We tokenized and processed more than 179,000 anonymized messages that users exchanged with live agents, enabling us to count word frequency overall, by sex, and by age/sex cohorts. We also conducted two manual coding exercises: (1) We manually classified the intent of 3,834 user messages in a training dataset; and (2) We manually coded all conversations between a random subset of 100 users who engaged in extended chats. 

Results: Between September 2017 and January 2019, 28,021 users (mean age 22.5 years, 63% female) sent 87,180 messages to askNivi, and 18 agents sent 92,429 replies. Users wrote most often about family planning methods, contraception, side effects, pregnancy, menstruation, and sex, but we observed different patterns by sex and age. User intents largely reflected the marketing focus on reproductive health, but other topics emerged. Most users sought factual information, but requests for advice and symptom reports were common. 

Conclusions: Young people in Kenya have a great desire for accurate and reliable information on health and wellbeing, which is easy to access and trustworthy. Text mining is one way to better understand how users engage with interventions like askNivi and maximize what artificial intelligence has to offer.
Time for complete transparency about conflicts of interest in public health nutrition research
Authors: Hennessy Marita , Cullerton Katherine , Baker Phil , Brown Amy , Crawley Helen , Hayes Catherine , Kearney Patricia M. , Kelly Colette , McKee Martin , Mialon Melissa , Petticrew Mark , Rundall Patti , Trickey Heather , White Martin , Redsell Sarah
Published: May 2019

We are a group of researchers and academics with decades of experience in the protection and promotion of public health. We are writing to raise our concerns about how conflicts of interest are reported in public health nutrition research. We highlight examples of why it is important to accurately declare such conflicts, as well as providing examples of situations in which conflicts of interest have been inadequately reported. We call on researchers, and others, to be transparent about conflicts of interest in research. Journal editors in particular have an important responsibility in fully understanding how conflicts of interest can impact on research findings and interpretations. They need to agree and adopt clear guidelines on conflicts of interest and ensure that authors abide by these to facilitate trust in the scientific process and the credibility of published articles.
Balancing Openness and Prioritization in a Two-Tier Internet
Authors: Nault Barrie R. , Zimmermann Steffen
Published: May 2019

The open internet is plagued by congestion that restricts the development of sophisticated internet-based services. Broadband and edge providers have proposed a two-tier internet with a fee-based fast lane that coexists with the open internet. This requires a restriction of internet openness, also known as network neutrality, in the fast-lane internet. Opponents of a two-tier internet believe it would hinder innovation and cause underinvestment in the open internet. The challenge is for policy to balance a fee-based fast lane with the viability of the open internet. We find that edge providers with greater bandwidth requirements per unit of output convert to the fast lane and that the fast lane can drive innovation from edge providers with high bandwidth requirements. The broadband provider chooses fixed fee pricing for the fast lane but has no incentive to increase internet capacity as long as the open internet is not monetized. With no investments in internet capacity, all edge providers of the open Internet and their end users are worse off with a two-tier internet. To maintain quality-of-service in the open internet and to increase social welfare, a two-tier internet has to be coupled with policy whereby a portion of broadband provider profit is invested in internet capacity.
Numéro 147 - mai 2019
Authors: Doepke Matthias , Zilibotti Fabrizio
Published: May 2019

Selon l’analyse économique du rôle des parents dans l’éducation des enfants, plus les inégalités de revenu sont élevées dans un pays, plus les parents essayeront de pousser leurs enfants à devenir des champions. Cela explique pourquoi les parents sont très impliqués dans la vie de leurs enfants en Chine alors que les parents sont bien plus détendus avec leurs enfants aux Pays-Bas et en Suède. L’inégalité croissante des revenus peut aussi conduire à des divergences d’éducation parentale entre les familles riches et pauvres dans une société, ce qui met en péril la mobilité sociale et l'idéal d'égalité des chances pour tous.

 

Les auteurs de ce numéro de Regards économiques sont les coauteurs du livre Love, Money, and Parenting: How Economics Explains the Way We Raise Our Kids publié chez Princeton University Press en 2019.
PEMBUATAN PROTOTIPE PENGERING BATUBARA UNTUK MENGURANGI MOISTURE CONTENT PADA PLTU
Authors: Mangestiono Wiji
Published: May 2019

Wiji Mangestiono, in paper prototype development of coal dryer to reduce moisture content on power plant explain that the percentage of coal use in the power industry in Indonesia has increased during the period of the last ten years. This policy is taken by the government by at least two considerations, namely: the higher world oil prices so that the price of electricity per kwh increase in addition Indonesia itself is the world's largest coal producer with serial number to six so that the transfer of fuel oil to the coal is considered very right. There is a fundamental problem that must be observed that coal mining in Indonesia in general have a low- rank quality with sub - categories butuminus and lignite which has a low calorific value (below 6100 kcal / kg ) and moisture content (moisture content) relatively high (40%). This is exacerbated by the way the coal deposit which is usually placed on the page (coal yard). Low-rank coal with pores relatively greater will more easily absorb water during the rainy season so that the moisture content will be even greater. The use of coal in Rembang reached 1.3 million tons / year. Heat loss due to the use of coal with a high moisture content reaches 300 billion kcal per year or equivalent to coal with a calorific value of 50 thousand tons or the equivalent of cash also 30 billion rupiah. After observing the phenomenon in Rembang the researchers plan to create a prototype coal heaters with a capacity of 100 kg / hour in the hope of getting a concept to eliminate or minimize heat loss as described. Heating devices planned screw -shaped drum with a player in it which serves stirring granulated coal. The hot air is taken from the flue gas is sprayed into the drum. The independent variable of this study is the screw rotational speed and the speed and temperature of the hot air flow. Coal is expected after discharge from the dryer may have a water content below 10 % as high quality coal (anthrasit). Keyword : coal, moisture content, dryers
SENSOR FIBER OPTIK BF4R SEBAGAI PENDETEKSI WARNA PADA ALAT PENSORTIR BOBBIN BENANG BERBASIS PLC OMRON CP1E-N 30 DRA DAN SCADA
Authors: Fasila Akbar Tandu , Winarno Heru
Published: May 2019

Akbar Tandu Fasila, Heru Winarno, in this paper explain that in the modern era, the progress of technology is very important in their daily lives, particularly in the industrial sector. Changes to automated manual system is very developed in order to achieve the maximum point of production and reduce the level of error that often occur in manual systems. It also affects the yarn spinning industry yanl, g now utilize the tools pensortir menerapkkan yarn bobbins with pneumatic system, PLC and SCADA. Planning tool making this sort can not be separated from the fiber optic sensor for identifying the color on each bobbin thread through the intensity of light that is captured by a fiber optic sensor tersbut. The workings of the system works and consists of two cylinders Pneumatic that serves as the actuator, two sensors fiber optics for detecting the light intensity on the bobbin thread, one unit PLC OMRON CP1E-N 30 DRA as the main controller systems, and SCADA as the monitoring system works. Keywords: Bobbin Thread, PLC, SCADA, Fiber Optic Sensor.
WATTMETER DIGITAL DENGAN MIKROKONTROLER DAN ARDUINO UNO 2
Authors: Yulian Eki , Sasmoko Priyo
Published: May 2019

Eki Yulian, Arkhan Subari in this paper explain that Power consumption in boarding houses still can not be monitored , so that power usage bill payments based solely on electrical equipment used in the room . This would be detrimental to the owner of the boarding when the power consumption is too large . But tenants boarding can also be harmed if rarely use electricity must still pay the electric bill to the owner of the boarding.Thus making the tool use of electricity for the purposes of calculating a dorm room at the end of the project , expected to assist in completing the problem. In this tool using optocoupler sensor mounted on a disc kwh meter analog and microcontroller will process the data readings from sensors optocoupler . The output of this tool will appear on an LCD (liquid circuit display) . Where is the data to be displayed is the amount of power usage and costs to be paid . In addition , the tool uses the SMS facility for monitoring power use. Thus the cost paid by the tenant to the boarding room owner would be more in line with the use of electricity in use by tenants boarding. Keywords :optocoupler sensor, microcontroller , SMSDAFTAR PUSTAKAAndrianto, Heri. 2008. Pemrograman Mikrokontroler AVR ATMEGA 16 Menggunakan Bahasa C (CodeVisionAVR). Informatika: BandungBejo, Agus. 2008. C & AVR.  Graha Ilmu: YogyakartaFidzon, Adil. 2011. Miniatur Sistem Parkir Mobil Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega8535. Undip : SemarangHardika,  Doni.  2012. Pembuatan Aplikasi Mikrokontroler ATmega8535 Dalam Otomasi Alat Pencacah Permen Skala Home Industri. Undip : SemarangFrank D, Peetruzella. 1996. Elektronika Industri. Andi : YogyakartaMalvino, A.P. 1996. Prinsip-prinsip Elektronika (terjemahan Hanapi Gunawan). Erlangga: JakartaM.C, Sharma. 1993. Praktikal Music dan Sound Circuit. Halaman 123 : New DelhiPratama, LiusWeny. 2009. Sistem Absensi Otomatis Pengunjung Perpustakaan Dengan Menggunakan Radio Frequency Identification. Laporan Tugas Akhir Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya : PalembangSudjadi. 2005. Teori dan Aplikasi Microcontroller. Graha Ilmu : YogyakartaSumanto, MA. 1984. Mesin Arus Searah. Andi Offset : YogyakartaTurbian, K. 1973. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations. 4th. Ed. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.Wardana, E.K. 2013. Pintu Pengaman Untuk Ruang Penyimpanan Dokumen Menggunakan RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Berbasis Mikrokontroler Atmega16. Undip:SemarangWardani, dkk. 2008. Teknik Menulis Karya Ilmiah. Universitas Terbuka : JakartaWardhana, Lingga. 2006. Mikrokontroler AVR seri ATMEGA Simulasi, Hardware, dan Aplikasi. Andi : Yogyakarta
OTOMATISASI PENGATUR SUHU DAN WAKTU PADA PENYANGRAI KOPI ( ROASTER COFFEE ) BERBASIS ATMEGA 16 PADA TAMPILAN LCD ( LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY )
Authors: Ristiawan Masde , Ariyanto Eko
Published: May 2019

Masde Ristiawan, Eko Ariyanto Roasting is one of the most important processes in processing coffee beans. So it takes an automatic coffee roaster machine that can support the home roasting process. Basically, this coffee roaster is a heating device, the temperature is regulated following the input setpoint. The heating process is produced by electric heating elements which are controlled by the relay. The temperature sensor used is K type MAXX 6675 Thermocouple. The minimum system of ATmega 16 is used as the overall system control, Users can monitor temperature values and timers, which are displayed via the LCD display. In roasting coffee, roasting weight and temperature are very influential in the length of roasting time. Maximum capacity of 350 gram coffee roasters. To roast coffee with a weight of 100 grams at a temperature of 100 ° C it takes 34 minutes for light maturity and a temperature of 130 ° C with the same weight takes 18 minutes. Keywords : Thermocouple, Relay, Temperature, Sistem Minimum ATmega 16, LCD, Roaster Coffee.ReferencesSutanto, N. (2012). Rancang Bangun Coffee Producting Machine. Surabaya: Universitas Wijaya Putra.Wijaya, A. (2011). Rancang Bangun Alat Pemanas dan Pengaduk Terintergrasi dengan Temperatur dan Kecepatan Terkendali Berbasis Mikrokontroler. Depok : Universitas Indonesia.Perdana, Y. (2012). Rancang Bangun Alat Penyangrai Kacang Tanah dengan Penggerak Motor DC Berbasis Mikrokontroler AT89s51. Jakarta: Universitas Negeri Jakarta.Kurniawan, R. (2014). Sistem Pengendalian Suhu Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Logic Pada Tungku Mesin Penyangrai Kopi. Jember : Universitas Jember.Amiq, B. (2015). Rancang Bangun Alat Penyangrai Kopi Semi Otomatis dengan Kapasitas 5Kg. Surabaya: Universitas Negeri Surabaya.Hartanto, S. (2012). Prototipe Pintu Bendungan Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega 16. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.Kholatingulloh, T. (2015). Otomatisasi Pengatur Suhu dan Waktu Pada Oven Listrik Berbasis arduino yang ditampilkan pada LCD. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.
PENGATURAN PERGESERAN SUDUT FASA 120º SEBAGAI PEMBANGKIT GELOMBANG KOTAK PADA INVERTER TIGA FASA
Authors: Septiana Adella Wulan , Setiono Iman
Published: May 2019

Adella Wulan Septiana, Iman Setiono in this paper explain that Three phase electricity is widely used in large and home industries. However, not all industries or electricity users can enjoy three-phase resources because the installation is quite expensive. So that the use of a single phase to three phase electric converter is needed. One alternative that can be done is by making an inverter. The inverter is a hardware device that functions to convert direct current (DC) voltage into alternating current (AC) voltage. From the 220 VAC voltage enter the step up transformer then to the rectifier circuit so that the voltage generated is 380V. Then IC 555 is used as a box wave generator with a frequency output of 322.7 Hz. Then the output goes into the IC 74175 flip-flop circuit as a phase shift that produces three outputs, where each output has a high and low value with a frequency of 53.8 Hz. Output from rectifier and 74175 is used as input for IGBT drivers. Keywords: three phase electricity, shift register, flip-flop 74175, inverter.ReferencesAfrizal, Mokhamad Asrul & Ainur Rofiq. Perencanaan dan Pembuatan Modul Inverter 3 Phase sebagai Suplai Motor Induksi pada Penngembangan Modul Praktikum Pengemudi Listrik. Proyek Akhir D3 Teknik Elektro Industri. Surabaya: Politeknik Negeri Surabaya Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.Agus Cahya & Dedid Cahya. Rancang Bangun Inverter 3 Fasa untuk Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Induksi. Proyek Akhir Teknik Elektronika. Surabaya: Politeknik Negeri Surabaya Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.Agus                Rusdiyanto           & Bambang Susanto. Perancangan Inverter Sinusoida 1 Fasa dengan Aplikasi Pemrograman Rumus Parabola dan Segitiga sebagai Pembangkit Pulsa PWM. http://www.telimek.lipi.go.id/xdata/docs/BS18.pdf.Erfan, JC. 2016. Inverter 3 Fasa 220 Volt dengan Output Sinusoidal Frekuensi 50 Hz menggunakan Arduino dengan Teknik Direct Synthesis. Tugas Akhir S1 Teknik Elektro. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
DESKRIPSI TEKNIS PENGENDALI TINGGI MUKA CAIRAN INDUSTRI METODE FLOATLESS OMRON 61F
Authors: Tadeus Dista Yoel , Setiono Iman
Published: May 2019

Device for controlling liquid/water level using the floatless method uses the character of liquid conductivity as an electric current carrying medium. Excitation voltage is generated by the controller and passed to the electrode through an insulated conductor cable. The electrode is submerged in a tank or liquid storage vessel and directly becomes the lower limit and upper limit of the liquid level. Omron 61F is one of the industry-standard floatless control devices that is simple, compact and relatively inexpensive and easily available on the market. Some applications for controlling liquid levels such as water supply and drainage can be done easily and simple wiring. Omron 61F provides a variety of controller types that are tailored to the application conditions and the type of liquid used, ranging from purified clean water, dirty water, salt water, to several types of acidic liquids.
Pengaruh Lidokain Intravena Terhadap Kadar Superoxide Dismutase I (SOD1) Dan Gambaran Histopatologi Jantung Kelinci Pada Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury Model
Authors: Lutfi Haris , Istanto Widya , Harahap Mohammad Sofyan
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang: Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) adalah kerusakan jaringan yang disebabkan oleh kembalinya pasokan darah ke jaringan setelah periode iskemia atau kekurangan oksigen. Salah satu pilihan terapi untuk mencegah cedera jaringan adalah dengan meningkatkan antioksidan alami yang berada di dalam sel seperti superoxide dismutase (SOD).Tujuan : Membuktikan pengaruh lidokain intravena terhadap kadar Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD J) dan gambaran histopatologi jantung kelinci pada myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury model.Metode : Penelitian menggunakan 16 ekor kelinci lokal jantan, berumur 1 - 2 tahun, berat badan 1.5 - 2,5 kg. Penelitian menggunakan 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (KK) terdiri dari 8 ekor kelinci yang diberikan perlakuan myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury. Kelompok perlakuan (KP) terdiri 8 ekor kelinci mendapatkan perlakuan myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury dan diberikan lidokain 2% i.v dengan dosis 1.5 mg/kg/jam secara kontin>ii dari awal sampai akhir prosedur. Kadar SOD1 diperiksa dengan metode EL1SA sedangkan histopatologi jaringan diperiksa menggunakan mikroskop kemudian hasilnya dihitung dengan persamaan regresi linier. Hasil : Kadar SOD1 didapatkan nilai p = 0,009. karena p < 0.05 maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Untuk gambaran histopatologi didapatkan nilai p = 0,323, karena p >0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan tidak bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar SOD1 jantung kelinci pada myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury yang diberikan lidokain dibandingkan dengan kelinci yang tidak mendapat lidokain. Sedangkan untuk gambaran histopatologi terdapat perbedaan tidak bermakna pada kelinci myocardial ischemic reperfusion injwy yang diberikan lidokain dibandingkan dengan kelinci yang tidak mendapat lidokain.
Perbandingan Pemberian Deksametason Intravena dan Lidokain Spray pada Kejadian Nyeri Tenggorok Paska Ekstubasi
Authors: Setiawan Chandra Tirta , Sutiyono Doso
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang: Nyeri tenggorok merupakan salah satu komplikasi paska intubasi endotrakeal tersering, terjadi pada 30-70% pasien paska intubasi endotracheal. Hal ini disebabkan karena inflamasi dari mukosa trakea. Deksametason dan lidokain dipercaya bisa menekan inflarnasi pada mukosa trakea paska intubasi endotrakhea. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas deksametason iv untuk mencegah nyeri tenggorok dibandingkan dengan lidokain spray. Metode: Penelitian jenis uji klinis acak tersamar ganda. Sampel penelitian 58 orang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok 1 (Kl) diberikan dexametasone i.v 10 mg sebelum intubasi, kelompok 2 (K2) diberikan spray lidokain pada pipa endotrakea sepanjang 15 cm dari ujung distal. Kejadian nyeri tenggorok dinilai pada jam ke-1, ke-6 dan ke-24 paska ekstubasi.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan tidak bermakna kejadian nyeri tenggorok pada kedua kelompok pada jam ke-1, ke-6 dan ke-24 (p=0,078, p=l,0, p=l,0). Terdapat perbedaan tidak bermakna kejadian suara serak pada kedua kelompok pada jam ke-1, ke-6 dan ke-24 (p=0,091,p=l,0, p=l,0) Simpulan: Pemberian deksametason i.v pre induksi untuk mencegah nyeri tenggorok pada pasien anestesi umum dengan intubasi endotrakhea tidak lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan lidokain spray.
Pengaruh Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Terhadap Angka Kejadian Aritmia dan Acute Kidney Injury Pada Pasien Dewasa Pasca Operasi Bedah Jantung
Authors: Fachrian Dedy , Harahap Mohamad Sofyan
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang : Cedera reperfusi (IRI) akibat klem aorta saat operasi jantung mengakibatkan kematian kardiomiosit, gangguan fungsi kontraktilitas jantung, aritmia, dan kematian. Penggunaan CPB juga memicu terjadinya acute kidney injury (AKI) yang prevalensinya mencapai 30%. Salah satu pencegahannya adalah mempersiapkan miokardium terhadap efek buruk dari klem aorta. Mempersiapkan (preconditioning) miokardium ini pada dasarnya adalah untuk meningkatkan stimulasi dari mekanisme kardioprotektif bawaan melalui tindakan pemberian iskemia yang tidak mematikan secara periodik. Pemberian iskemik pada otot rangka lengan atau tungkai dengan menggunakan manset bertekanan secara periodik dan durasi yang singkat dapat memberikan proteksi pada miokardium dan ginjal dari IRI. Hal ini diharapkan dapat mencegah aritmia dan AKI setelah operasi jantung.Tujuan : Mengetahui apakah RIPC dapat mencegah aritmia dan Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) pada pasien setelah operasi bedah jantung dengan klem aorta dan menggunaan mesin CPB.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan jenis uji klinis acak terkontrol. Sampel sebanyak 30 pasien yeng terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (K) 15 subjek dan perlakuan (P) 15 subjek. Kelompok perlakuan setelah dilakukan induksi anestesi dan sebelum dilakukan sternotomi akan diberikan prosedur RIPC yaitu dengan melakukan pengembangan manset pada salah satu lengan atas sampai 200 mmHg dan dipertahankan selama 5 menit kemudian manset di kempiskan dan hal ini dipertahankan sampai 5 menit. Siklus ini kemudian diulangi lagi sehingga lama prosedur ini memakan waktu selama 20 menit. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol manset dipasang pada salah satu lengan atas subjek dan dibiarkan tidak dikembangkan selama 20 menit. Selama operasi lama tindakan ligasi aorta diukur dan jika lama ligasi aorta lebih dari 20 menit maka penelitian dilanjutkan tetapi jika lama ligasi aorta kurang dari 20 menit maka subjek penelitian di drop out dari penelitian. Setelah dilakukan pembukaan ligasi aorta, pemantauan akan adanya aritmia dimulai sampai 24 jam kedepan. Setelah operasi selesai dan pasien di transfer ke ICU, pada perawatan jam ke 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 dan 72 jam perawatan dilakukan pemantauan produksi urine dan pengambilan sampel darah dan diperiksa kadar serum kreatinin.Hasil : Aritmia didapatkan pada 11 subjek kontrol dan 2 subjek perlakuan dengan Atrial Fibrilasi merupakan jenis aritmia yang paling banyak didapatkan yaitu 9 subjek pada kontrol dan 1 subjek pada perlakuan. AKI didapatkan pada 11 subjek kontrol dan 1 subjek perlakuan. Pada uji Mann-Whitney didapatkan penurunan angka kejadian aritmia pada kelompok perlakuan yang berbeda bermakna (p=0,01) serta penurunan angka kejadian AKI pada kelompok perlakuan yang berbeda bermakna (p=0,04).Kesimpulan : Tindakan RIPC dengan 2 siklus iskemia dan reperfusi pada kelompok perlakuan terbukti menurunkan angka kejadian aritmia dan AKI pasca operasi jantung secara bermakna dibanding kelompok kontrol.
Manajemen Transfusi Perioperatif Pada Pasien Bedah Jantung Dewasa dengan Mesin Pintas Jantung Paru
Authors: Widyapuspita Ornella , Boom Cindy Elfira
Published: May 2019

Transfusi darah umum dilakukan pada pasien bedah jantung, mencakup 10-20% dari total transfusi darah yang diberikan. Diperkirakan 60-70% pemberian transfusi terjadi selama periode perioperatif. Pemintasan jantung paru menggunakan mesin pintas jantung paru/ cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machine merupakan teknik penting yang telah digunakan selama lebih dari 60 tahun. Mesin ini membantu dokter bedah jantung mendapatkan area kerja yang tidak bergerak dan bersih. Dalam konteks koagulasi, pemakaian mesin CPB akan mengakibatkan timbulnya anemia hemodilusi akibat priming, sehingga seringkali memerlukan transfusi darah.Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan keterkaitan antara transfusi alogenik terkait dengan peningkatan morbiditas seperti infeksi, cidera ginjal akut, reaksi hemolitik akut, reaksi alergi, cidera paru, kelebihan cairan, dan peningkatan mortalitas.Pemberian transfusi alogenik dapat dikurangi dengan protokol transfusi restriktif, penggunaan metode autotransfusi, pemberian eritropoetin (EPO), antiplatelet, dan antifibrinolitik. Manajemen transfusi yang tepat dan rasional selama periode perioperatif bedah jantung dapat menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas secara signifikan.
PENENTUAN PRIORITAS PENANGANAN BANJIR GENANGAN BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KERAWANAN MENGGUNAKAN TOPOGRAPHIC WETNESS INDEX Studi Kasus di DAS Solo
Authors: Miardini Arina , Saragih Grace Serepina
Published: May 2019

The increasing frequency of flood events is an indication of the failure of watershed management. Natural resource utilization activities in the Solo watershed tend to be intensive from upstream to downstream, cause a decrease in the carrying capacity of the watershed. To restore the carrying capacity of the watershed, efforts are needed to monitor and evaluate watersheds. The initial stage that needs to be done is to ensure the accuracy of the flood-prone areas by determining priority areas. The purpose of the study is to determine the flood-prone areas in the Solo watershed based on the level of flood vulnerability. Flood vulnerability is influenced by topographic conditions. The Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) method was used to determine the flood-prone areas. The high TWI value indicates that the area has high flood vulnerability and is associated with flat topography with high flow density. This method is based on raster data was derived from DEM 30 m data which is reduced to slope through spatial analysis tools and the accumulation flow is analyzed using Watershed Delineation Tools (WDT). Based on the results of the analysis, the priority of flood handling is determined in the criterion-very vulnerable area with TWI 11.65-38.30 identified as 387098.23 ha (39.68%). Flood handling in the Solo watershed is prioritized on 1) Bojonegoro Regency covering 105215.13 ha, 2) Ngawi (56810.68 ha), 3) Madiun (44102.06 ha), 4) Tuban covering an area of 43072.06 ha, and 5) Ponorogo (35853.62 ha).
Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Akibat Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit: Dampak Sosial, Ekonomi dan Ekologi
Authors: Amalia Rizka , Dharmawan Arya Hadi , Prasetyo Lilik Budi , Pacheco Pablo
Published: May 2019

Perkebunan kelapa sawit berdampak negatif pada aspek-aspek lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi komunitas lokal. Melalui peningkatan system tata kelola perkebunan kelapa sawit maka dapat mengurangi dampak negatif tersebut. System tata kelola seperti sertifikasi dan standar-standar keberlanjutan diinisiasi oleh produser, distributor, pemerintah, akademisi, pasar internasional dan LSM. Sistem tata kelola ini dapat mencakup skala global atau nasional. Indonesia telah mengimplementasikan system tata kelola yang berskala global dan nasional namun belum semua perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan smallholder mengimplementasikanya. Oleh karena itu, sistem tata kelola tersebut belum berhasil menurunkan dampak negatif ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Konflik sosial masih sering terjadi akibat dari kebakaran hutan dan pencemaran lingkungan. Di Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit terjadi secara cepat dimana ekspansi tersebut ada yang tidak menerapkan sistem tata kelola perkebunan kelapa sawit. Menggunakan metode survey dan wawancara mendalam, penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur dampak ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit pada kerentanan ekologi, sosial dan ekonomi.  Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa (1) RSPO dan ISPO belum bisa menekan laju deforestasi akibat ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit; (2) Walaupun RSPO dan ISPO diimplementasikan, masih tetap terjadi konflik sosial dan kerentanan ekonomi pada komunitas lokal.
KOMPARASI NILAI EKONOMI AIR IRIGASI DARI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI BERHUTAN DAN TIDAK BERHUTAN
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto
Published: May 2019

Many forest areas in Indonesia are converted to other uses. This will impact on the hydrological conditions and the economic value of the water yield. This research applied unit analysis of Sub watersheds, with and without forest cover, Sub DAS Banjaran (forested) and Sub CAS Cangkok (not forested). Desk analysis was conducted to know land use, collecting rainfall data, instantaneous debit measurement to know the discharge of both rivers during the dry season, survey of 15 farmers using irrigation water from Sub watershed of Banjaran and 15 peasants who use irrigation water from Cangkok Sub watershed. Farmers were interviewed about the factors of production and production of rice crops to determine the economic value of water from the two sub watersheds. The results of the study show that: 1). rainfall in Baturraden is quite high (4,302 mm) but for May, July, August and September deficits for rice crops, 2). The forested sub-watershed in Baturraden is better able to regulate the water system than the non-forested sub-watershed, either quality, quantity or continuity, 3). The economic value of water for irrigation from the forested sub-watershed is Rp. 1,270,-/m3 whereas from non-forested sub-watersheds Rp. 373.5,-/m3, and 4). The economic value of water from a forested sub-watershed is Rp. 7,792,720,-/ha/year while those from non-forested sub-watersheds Rp. 2,291,796,-/ha/year. The existence of Baturraden forest is very important to the watershed ecosystem. Forested watershed was a higher economic value of water than non-forested ones so it must be conserved by involving the water user communities.
KUALITAS DIET DAN DAYA TAHAN (ENDURANCE) ATLET BULUTANGKIS REMAJA DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Sahara Mailina Prima , Widyastuti Nurmasari , Candra Aryu
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang: Prestasi olahraga bulutangkis cenderung menurun beberapa tahun terakhir. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi adalah daya tahan (endurance). Kualitas diet akan mempengaruhi daya tahan (endurance) sehingga seseorang dapat melakukan pekerjaan secara efektif dan efisien dalam waktu yang lama tanpa menimbulkan kelelahan yang berlebihan. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas diet dan daya tahan atlet bulutangkis remaja di Kota SemarangMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional. Subjek adalah 60 atlet bulutangkis usia 12-18 tahun. Variabel perancu adalah aktivitas fisik dan persen lemak tubuh subjek. Pengukuran daya tahan dengan metode Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu kebiasaan makan yang diambil menggunakan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) dan data aktivitas fisik menggunakan Physical Activity Quistionnaires for Adolescent (PAQ-A). Kualitas diet dinilai menggunakan kuisioner Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I). Data antropometri meliputi tinggi badan, berat badan, dan persen lemak tubuh. Uji kenormalan data dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan  analisis data dengan uji korelasi Rank Spearman.Hasil: Terdapat 1,7% subjek yang memiliki kualitas diet baik. Sebagian besar atlet memiliki daya tahan yang cukup (35%). Persen lemak tubuh subjek sebagian besar tergolong optimal (61,7%). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kualitas diet dan daya tahan (endurance) (r = 0,122, p=0,353). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan daya tahan (endurance) (r = 0,209, p= 0,109). Ada hubungan antara persen lemak tubuh dan daya tahan (endurance) ( r = -0,480, p=0,0001). Simpulan: Kualitas diet yang baik akan meningkatkan daya tahan (endurance), namun bersifat lemah dan secara statistik tidak berhubungan. Persen lemak tubuh yang optimal berkontribusi penting dalam menjaga daya tahan (endurance) atlet. Faktor perancu aktivitas fisik tidak mempengaruhi daya tahan (endurance).
New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Mazurová Yvona
Published: May 2019

The use of transplantation (TR) of fetal neural tissue as a therapeutic method started much later in patients suffering from Huntington’s disease (HD) than in those with Parkinson’s disease. The clinical trial, following a wide range of animal experiments (neurotoxic models and newly also transgenic mice), includes about 30 HD patients until now. Because of limited use of the human fetal tissue by ethical and technical concerns, there is necessity to search for the alternative sources for neural grafting. The first attempt with xenotransplantation (in 12 HD patients) and with TR of encapsulated genetically modified cells (in 6 HD patients) was performed, but no appreciable improvement of status in any of those patients was noted. Since no effective pharmacological treatment of HD is available, the TR of fetal neural tissue is now the only therapeutic approach which provides a reduction of symptoms in most of grafted patients. The possibilities are enormous offered by neural stem cells, optionally by embryonic stem cells, which could be expanded in cultures, cloned or genetically modified and then grafted into the patient’s brain. On the other hand, the neural progenitor and stem cells, normally present within the subependymal layer of the lateral brain ventricles also in adulthood, might be induced to become an endogenous source of glia and neurons participating in the brain’s repair.
Electrophysiological Testing of Dyslexia
Authors: Kuba Miroslav , Szanyi Jana , Gayer David , Kremláček Jan , Kubová Zuzana
Published: May 2019

We enlarged our previous study (Kubová Z. et al. Physiol Res 1995;44:87-89) giving an evidence about magnocellular pathway involvement (delayed motion-onset visual evoked potentials (M-VEPs)) in 70% of dyslexic children. In the new group presented here, only 48% of 25 dyslexics displayed prolonged latencies of cortical responses to motion stimuli. However, there was no correlation of this defect with the used quantification of the reading skills (reading quotients). No significant EEG frequency spectrum changes were found. 10 subjects from the former group, who were re-examined 4 years after the previous study at the mean age of 14 years, exhibited significant shortening of the M-VEP latencies compared to the original values. Also in control subjects a distinct improvement in magnocellular pathway function was proved (in M-VEP re-examination after 4 years). These results document rather late maturation of the magnocellular pathway, which is evident mainly in dyslexic children. In both groups of dyslexics an effect of colour in moving stimuli was also tested to verify the reported effect of light wavelengths onto the magnocellular pathway function. However, no latency differences among grey, green, pink, yellow and blue stimuli were observed.
Does Occupational Deregulation Affect In-Company Vocational Training? – Evidence from the 2004 Reform of the German Trade and Crafts Code
Authors: Runst Petrik , Thomä Jörg
Published: May 2019

The European Commission actively evaluates occupational entry restrictions in all member states. This has attracted a growing interest among scholars of the German crafts sector as it is governed by an idiosyncratic national set of rules. We estimate the effects of the deregulation of the German Trade and Crafts Code in 2004 on the overall vocational training levels in affected crafts trades. We employ Difference-in-Differences regressions as well as Synthetic Control Methods on data for the entire population of the German crafts sector. We provide evidence that the overall effect of the reform on vocational training levels was negative. While we cannot comprehensively rule out all potential confounding factors, we address competing explanations related to demand shocks, recession effect, and migration. In addition, there is evidence that the overall deregulation effects can be decomposed into a sunk-cost-channel and a firm size channel.
Etiology of primary adrenal insufficiency in children: a 29-year single-center experience
Authors: Wijaya Melati , Huamei Ma , Jun Zhang , Du Minlian , Li Yanhong , Chen Qiuli , Chen Hongshan , Song Guo
Published: May 2019

Background

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children is a rare condition and potentially lethal. The clinical characteristics are non-specific. It may be manifested as a chronic condition or crisis. The etiologies of PAI in children are different from the adult population. Therefore, diagnostic investigation becomes challenging.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted at The First Affiliated Sun Yat Sen University Pediatric Endocrine unit between September 1989 and July 2016.

Results

A total of 434 patients (237 males, 197 females) were identified as having PAI. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was the most frequent etiology (83.4%, n = 362, male:female = 174:188), of which 351 (97.2%) were 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH) CAH. Non-CAH etiology accounted for 11.3% (n = 49, male:female = 47:2), of which 46 (93.9%) were of non-autoimmune. The etiologies of the 49 cases were adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD; n = 22), X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenital (X-AHC; n = 20), autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS; n = 3), triple A syndrome (n = 2), steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) gene mutation (n = 1) and adrenalectomy (n = 1). The etiology was not identified for 23 patients (5.3%, male:female =16:7). Clinical symptoms were in accordance with the incidence of genital ambiguity (42.6%), digestive symptoms (vomiting and diarrhea) (35.5%), failure to thrive (26.5%), gonadal-associated symptom (premature puberty, sexual infantilism and amenorrhea) (21.2%), hyperpigmentation (9.7%), adrenal crisis (AC; 4.1%), neurological symptoms (3.2%), fatigue (2.5%) and prolonged jaundice (2.1%). Through physical examination, 58.5% were found to have hyperpigmentation.

Conclusions

This study spanned 29 years at our institution. The etiology of PAI in children was mostly of congenital forms, which exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical characteristics. For etiological diagnosis, chromosomal karyotyping is recommended for female phenotype patients.
Early puberty in end stage renal failure and renal transplant recipients
Authors: Avnon Ziv Carmit , Tzvi-Behr Shimrit , Ben-Shalom Efrat , Rinat Choni , Becker-Cohen Rachel , Levy-Khademi Floris , Goichberg Jenny , Hirsch Harry J. , Frishberg Yaacov
Published: May 2019

Background

Delayed puberty and hypogonadism are common in children with chronic kidney disease and in renal transplant recipients, but precocious puberty has rarely been reported in these populations. We describe six girls with precocious and/or early-onset, rapidly progressive puberty before and following renal transplantation.

Methods

Of 112 children under the age of 18 years (67 boys, 45 girls) who received renal transplants between 2010 and 2018, six girls presented with precocious or rapidly progressive early puberty at ages 6–7/12, 7–2/12, 7–4/12, 8, 8–8/12 and 8–11/12 years. Clinical evaluation included measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), Tanner staging and bone age assessment. Gonadotropin responses to intravenous gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or intramuscular triptorelin acetate were determined.

Results

Tanner breast stage 3 was noted at 2–6 years following renal transplantation in five girls, four with preserved kidney function. One girl began puberty before renal transplantation. Peak luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were 6.5, 20.2, 7.83, 19.1, 9 and 2.2 mIU/mL and 13, 8.3, 8.01, 7.5, 8.1 and 7.7 mIU/mL, respectively. Treatment with an intramuscular slow-release formulation of triptorelin acetate every 4 weeks slowed progression of breast development.

Conclusions

Although delayed puberty is more common in children with renal disease, precocious puberty can also be seen. Evaluation of growth and puberty by a pediatric endocrinologist should be part of the routine care for all children following kidney transplantation.
Synthesis and structural characterization of the complexes of 2-(menthoxycarbonyl)ethyltin chloride
Authors: Lin Yichao , Guo Minghui , Liu Jin , Tian Laijin , Liu Xicheng
Published: May 2019

The complexes of 2-(menthoxycarbonyl)ethyltin chloride, MenOCOCH2CH2SnCl3⋅L (Men = Menthyl, L = benzyl phenyl sulfoxide (bpSO),1; 2,2’-bipyridine (bpy),2; 1,10-phenanthroline (phen),3) and [MenOCOCH2CH2SnCl2(OCH3)]2(4), have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H,13C and119Sn) spectra. The crystal structures of1,3and4have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The tin atoms in1-4are all hexa-coordinated. The tin atom in1adopts a distorted [CSnCl3O2] octahedral geometry with an oxygen atom of the ligand and an intramolecular coordination of the oxygen atom from the carbonyl group to the tin atom. Complex3possesses a distorted [CSnCl3N2] octahedral geometry with two nitrogen atoms of a chelating phen ligand. The carbonyl oxygen atom of the ester moiety is not coordinating. Compound4is a centrosymmetric dimer with a four-membered Sn2O2ring, and the tin atom has a distorted [CSnCl2O3] octahedral geometry with an intramolecular C=O→Sn coordination and intermolecular methoxy bridging.
An Improved Ping-Pong Protocol Using Three-Qubit Nonmaximally Nonorthogonal Entangled States
Authors: Kaur Hargeet , Kumar Atul
Published: May 2019

We analyse the ping-pong (PP) protocol [K. Bostrom and T. Felbinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 187902 (2002)] using different sets of partially entangled three-qubit states. Interestingly, our results show that the partially entangled nonorthogonal three-qubit states are more useful as resources in comparison to three-qubit maximally entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. The properties of orthogonal set of partially entangled states as resources for PP protocol, however, are similar to that of maximally entangled GHZ states – both the states are not preferable due to the vulnerability towards eavesdropping. On the other hand, partially entangled nonorthogonal basis set holds importance for transferring two-bit information, one each from a sender, to a single receiver. The protocol is further analysed for various eavesdropping attacks, and the results are compared with the use of two shared Bell pairs for two-bit information transfer. Surprisingly, the use of partially entangled nonorthogonal set of states is found to offer better qubit efficiency and increased security, as against the use of two separate maximally entangled Bell states with orthogonal basis. In addition, we also propose a mixed-state sharing protocol to further enhance the security of the PP protocol.
A Clustering Algorithm for Block-Cave Production Scheduling
Authors: Farshad Nezhadshahmohammad  , Yashar Pourrahimian
Published: May 2019

Production scheduling is one of the most important steps in the block-caving design process. Optimum production scheduling could add significant value to a mining project. The goal of long-term mine production scheduling is to determine the mining sequence, which optimizes the company’s strategic objectives while honouring the operational limitations over the mine life. Mathematical programming with exact solution methods is considered a practical tool to model block-caving production scheduling problems; this tool makes it possible to search for the optimum values while considering all of the constraints involved in the operation. This kind of model seeks to account for real-world conditions and must respond to all practical problems which extraction procedures face. Consequently, the number of subjected constraints is considerable and has tighter boundaries, solving the model is not possible or requires a lot of time. It is thus crucial to reduce the size of the problem meaningfully by using techniques which ensure that the absolute solution has less deviation from the original model. This paper presents a clustering algorithm to reduce the size of the large-scale models in order to solve the problem in a reasonable time. The results show a significant reduction in the size of the model and CPU time. Application and comparison of the production schedule based on the draw control system with the clustering technique is presented using 2,487 drawpoints to be extracted over 32 years.