bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Conduct and Results of CLEAR Outcomes Trial
Authors: Singh Abhayjit , Laffin Luke J. , Sarraju Ashish , Michael Lincoff A. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Bloedon LeAnne , Sasiela William J. , Li Na , Robinson Paula , Kelly Stephanie , Mason Denise , Nissen Steven E.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted clinical research. CLEAR Outcomes investigated the effect of bempedoic acid (BA) versus placebo in 13 970 patients with statin intolerance and high cardiovascular (CV) risk. BA reduced the risk of the primary endpoint (composite of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or coronary revascularization) by 13%. CLEAR Outcomes began before and continued for 2.7 years after the start of the pandemic.

Methods

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patient disposition, adverse events, and major adverse CV events (MACE) in CLEAR Outcomes was assessed.

Results

Rates of severe infection, hospitalization, or first MACE associated with a positive COVID‐19 test were low and balanced between treatment groups. Rates of all‐cause death, non‐CV death, and undetermined death increased in the pandemic period compared with the pre‐pandemic period, while rates of CV death with a known etiology remained stable. A sensitivity analysis excluding undetermined deaths occurring after the onset of the pandemic from the CV death designation yielded hazard ratios of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76–0.93) for the primary endpoint and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.76–1.16) for the secondary endpoint of CV death, compared with 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79–0.96) and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.88–1.24), respectively, in the original analysis.

Conclusion

The CLEAR Outcomes trial continued uninterrupted throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic. Certain trial endpoints may have been impacted by the pandemic. Specifically, the classification of undetermined deaths as CV deaths may have attenuated the effect of BA on key efficacy endpoints.
Assessment of temporal and spatial variations of water quality parameters in the Zarafshan River basin
Authors: Shoergashova Shobegim , Liu Tie , Ibrokhimova Nigora , Latisheva Liliya , Karimov Bakhtiyor
Published: July 2024

River ecosystems in Central Asia face significant stress from environmental changes and pollution. This study assesses temporal and spatial variations in water quality parameters within the Zarafshan River Basin using retrospective data and field measurements. Water quality indicators, including electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium nitrogen (N‐NH4), nitrite nitrogen (N‐NO2), nitrate nitrogen (N‐NO3), temperature (T), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and discharge, were analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA, with the Mann–Kendall (MK) test detecting trends over time. Obtained results indicate significant seasonal effects with elevated TSS during summer, increasing sediment load and changing aquatic habitats. The strong inverse correlation (–0.89) between DO and N‐NH4 signifies ecological challenges particularly in low DO concentrations during summer (3.25 mg L–1). Long‐term analysis identifies Navoiazot chemical factory as a major pollution hotspot. Spatial analyses based on extended sampling have revealed the Siab and Dargom canals and Samarkand City as major pollution sources of elevated N‐NO2 and COD, respectively. Trends at various gauging stations (MK‐test) show increasing EC (τ = 0.72) and N‐NH4 (τ = 0.46) levels, with decreasing TSS, N‐NO3, T, and COD levels over time. Recommendations include targeted measures to reduce pollution at the Navoiazot factory and downstream, introducing sustainable agriculture practices, increasing public awareness for environmental conservation, and improving urban wastewater treatment to meet water quality requirements for different users.
Estimating oncologist variability in prescribing systemic cancer therapies to patients in the last 30 days of life
Authors: George Login S. , Duberstein Paul R. , Keating Nancy L. , Bates Benjamin , Bhagianadh Divya , Lin Haiqun , Saraiya Biren , Goel Sanjay , Akincigil Ayse
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Clinical guidelines and quality improvement initiatives have identified reducing the use of end‐of‐life cancer therapies as an opportunity to improve care. We examined the extent to which oncologists differed in prescribing systemic therapies in the last 30 days of life.

Methods

Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data, we identified patients who died of cancer from 2012 to 2017 (N = 17,609), their treating oncologists (N = 960), and the corresponding physician practice (N = 388). We used multilevel models to estimate oncologists’ rates of providing cancer therapy for patients in their last 30 days of life, adjusted for patient characteristics and practice variation.

Results

Patients’ median age at the time of death was 74 years (interquartile range, 69–79); patients had lung (62%), colorectal (17%), breast (13%), and prostate (8%) cancers. We observed substantial variation across oncologists in their adjusted rate of treating patients in the last 30 days of life: oncologists in the 95th percentile exhibited a 45% adjusted rate of treatment, versus 17% among the 5th percentile. A patient treated by an oncologist with a high end‐of‐life prescribing behavior (top quartile), compared to an oncologist with a low prescribing behavior (bottom quartile), had more than four times greater odds of receiving end‐of‐life cancer therapy (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 4.00–4.89).

Conclusions

Oncologists show substantial variation in end‐of‐life prescribing behavior. Future research should examine why some oncologists more often continue systemic therapy at the end of life than others, the consequences of this for patient and care outcomes, and whether interventions shaping oncologist decision‐making can reduce overuse of end‐of‐life cancer therapies.
Facilitating giant panda crossings of national highway in Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park amid human activities
Authors: Zhang Hu , Shi Zongkun , Feng Bin , Liu Ying , Tang Zhuo , Dong Xin , Gu Xiaodong , Qi Dunwu , Xu Weihua , Zhou Caiquan , Zhang Jindong
Published: July 2024

As human activities continue to expand, wildlife persistence faces escalating threats from roads. In Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park, the local giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are divided into two population groups along the National Highway G350 (NHG). Therefore, selecting suitable areas to help those giant pandas communicate across the NHG is necessary. In this research, we evaluated the presence of human activities and simulated their absence to analyze how they affect the giant panda's habitat in Wolong. Subsequently, based on the kernel density estimation (KDE) for giant pandas and the main human distribution locations, we selected suitable areas for the population link between the two road sections on the NHG. We simulated the absence of human activities on the two road sections to compare changes in the habitat suitability index (HSI) and connectivity value (CV) relative to their presence. We aimed to carefully select the area for future giant panda corridor plans and simulate whether eliminating human activities will significantly improve the HSI and CV of the area. Our results show that: (1) Human activities presence has led to subtle changes in the landscape pattern of suitable habitats and a decrease in Wolong by 78.76 km2 compared to their absence. (2) Human activities presence significantly reduced HSI and CV in the 1000 m buffer along the NHG compared to their absence. (3) The HSI and CV of the 1000 m buffer in the simulated absence of human activities for the two road sections were significantly higher than their presence. This research identified the optimal road section for crossing the NHG to link giant panda population groups and habitats in Wolong. These insights are significant for formulating conservation decisions and corridor plans and for promoting wildlife conservation in reserves amid high levels of human activity.
A Review on Recent Advances and Perspectives in Hydrogel Polymer Electrolytes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Radjendirane Aakash Carthick , sha Faisal M. , Ramasamy Senthilkumar , Rajaram Rajamohan , Angaiah Subramania
Published: July 2024

In comparison with solid polymer electrolytes, hydrogel polymer electrolytes are now a potentially suitable candidate for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Generally, a hydrogel is mainly composed of a hydrophilic polymer network with a high water absorption propensity and the distinctive properties of being soft and wet, becoming a gel and solid polymer electrolyte in terms of ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. All these unique characteristics of electrolytes combine with an appropriate anode and cathode materials to deliver high safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, and excellent electrochemical performance in ZIB. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive overview on the development of hydrogel electrolytes for ZIBs available. Therefore, this study focuses on the most recent breakthroughs in hydrogel‐based polymer electrolytes for ZIBs. Further, a brief explanation of various types of hydrogel electrolytes as well as the electrochemical performance of different polymer‐based electrolytes arediscussed. Finally, the challenges of hydrogel electrolytes for currently established Zn‐ion batteries and the future research directions towards the high‐performance flexibile ZIBs are explored.
Assessing the isotopic biases of soil water from cryogenic water extraction in different soil types in China
Authors: Zhao Pei , Yang Weige , Sun Xiangyang
Published: July 2024

The utilization of deuterium (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios in cryogenically extracted water from soil samples is a widely employed method in hydrological and ecological research. Nevertheless, an increasing body of research indicates that cryogenic water extraction (CWE) leads to δ2H depletion in soil water. To investigate the widespread existence of this phenomenon, samples from eight physicochemically distinct soils in China underwent rehydration with a reference water at five different water contents and were subsequently extracted using CWE. In comparison to the reference water, significant and inconsistent δ2H depletion was observed in all eight soil samples. The δ18O bias also exhibited variation, ranging from enrichment to depletion. Generally, Z score assessments indicated unacceptable results for all soils. Water content emerged as the most influential variable affecting both δ2H and δ18O biases, while soil properties had different impacts on these biases. Source water, as calculated by a linear regression model, revealed that the isotopic composition of extracted soil water differed from that of the reference water. The cryogenic extraction error in soil water could not solely attributed to fractionation processes during the extraction but resulted from the release of tightly bound soil water into the reference water. Using the influencing factors, correction models for δ2H and δ18O biases by CWE were developed. By these models, the δ2H and δ18O biases were mostly successful corrected. High soil water extraction efficiency (e.g., 99%) was recommended to minimize isotopic biases. These efforts necessitate further testing, particularly in ecohydrological studies involving isotope measurements of soil water through CWE.
Variable soil moisture responses to rainfall events in fields under different management practices
Authors: Ljutic Amila , Moore Jack , Ali Genevieve , Van Eerd Laura , Macrae Merrin L. , Wagner‐Riddle Claudia
Published: July 2024

Soil moisture response to rainfall is a key factor that dictates how well a landscape can support crop growth as well as its susceptibility to water runoff and leaching, however, few studies have investigated how agricultural management impacts this important soil function. This study compares two common agricultural soil treatments (cover crops and soil compaction) and their soil moisture response to rainfall in comparison to a control. In a humid temperate climate during March to November, individual rainfall events were delineated over two growing seasons and corresponding soil moisture responses were identified using in situ soil moisture sensors at four soil depths (20, 30, 40, and 60 cm). Results suggest that hydrological responses differed with both event type and management treatment. Not all rainfall events triggered a response: those that triggered responses at shallower soil depths were typically characterized by higher total event rainfall, and higher maximum and average rainfall intensity. In contrast, rainfall events triggering responses at deeper soil depths were characterized by longer event duration as well as higher 10‐day antecedent rainfall (AR). Soil moisture responses for the cover crop treatment were characterized by relatively lower initial and peak soil moisture at shallower depths but higher values at 60 cm depth, whereas soil moisture responses for the control and compacted soil treatments demonstrated the opposite. Matrix flow was most often generated for rainfall events with high magnitude and was not preferentially associated with any particular soil treatment. However, specific conditions were needed to generate vertical preferential flow, namely high total event rainfall for both horizons, or high AR for preferential flow in the Ap horizon, or high rainfall intensity for preferential flow in the Bt horizon. Our findings demonstrate the potential for detailed event‐based soil water process analysis using high‐frequency, multi‐depth soil moisture data.
Therapeutic efficacy of Strobilanthes urticifolia‐infused pectin/polyacrylic acid hydrogel for targeted hepatorenal fibrosis mitigation: A multifaceted biomaterial approach
Authors: Masood Nosheen , Hameed Hajra , Tariq Muhammad , Ahmed Rashid , Khalid Mehwish , Latief Noreen , Hasan Anwarul
Published: July 2024

Pectin/polyacrylic acid (PPAA) hydrogel is a unique and versatile biomaterial with applications in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, and agriculture, owing to its tailored properties and multifunctional attributes. This study aims to harness the therapeutic potential of Strobilanthes urticifolia extract within a PPAA hydrogel matrix to attenuate liver and kidney fibrosis through targeted and sustained delivery of biologically active substances. PPAA hydrogel was prepared by free radical polymerization, followed by its porosity and swelling determination. The results depicted the porous nature of PPAA hydrogel and improved swelling properties at pH 7.4, confirming its drug delivery promise. The polyphenolic‐enriched S. urticifolia extracts of leaf and flower were loaded onto PPAA hydrogel, and the loading efficiency was 87% (leaf) and 62.5% (flower). Moreover, slow‐release studies showed controlled and prolonged release of polyphenols for 7 days. The polyphenolic‐enriched hydrogel's microstructure was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM results revealed a highly porous structure of polyphenol enriched PPAA hydrogel, while FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups such as OH group of carboxylic acid, aliphatic CH2 stretching due to acrylic acid grafting with pectin, CO stretching due to acid linkage with pectin, CH of aromatic ring, and CH of carboxylate salt in PPAA hydrogel. TGA of PPAA hydrogel showed its stability up to 488°C. Additionally, the S. urticifolia extract loaded PPAA hydrogel displayed significant antibacterial properties and minimum inhibitory concentrations against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In vivo studies carried out on rats demonstrated that polyphenolic enriched PPAA hydrogel significantly attenuates liver and kidney fibrosis. Therefore, it is concluded from the present study that loading of polyphenolic enriched extract from leaves and flower of S. urticifolia enhanced the biomedical applications of PPAA hydrogel.

Research Highlights

The PPAA hydrogel developed in this study exhibits a highly porous structure and improved swelling properties at physiological pH (7.4), making it an excellent candidate for drug delivery systems.

S. urticifolia extracts, rich in polyphenols, were successfully incorporated into the PPAA hydrogel with high loading efficiencies of 87% for leaf and 62.5% for flower extracts.

Loading of polyphenolic enriched extracts of S. urticifolia onto PPAA enhanced its biological activities such as antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and reno‐protective activities as depicted by in vitro and in vivo studies.
Searching for drivers of the patchy distribution of sympatric deposit‐feeding sea cucumbers: A multi‐scale monitoring study
Authors: Pierrat Joséphine , Urbistondoy Léa , Modi Alexandre , Viramoutou Betsy , Frouin Patrick
Published: July 2024

Three sea cucumber species, Holothuria atra, Holothuria leucospilota, and Stichopus chloronotus, are patchily distributed within the coral reefs of Reunion Island, exhibiting locally high densities (> 1 ind m−2). Previous studies stated that these sympatric species have thrived for almost four decades; however, factors involved in their distribution and spatiotemporal dynamics are not well understood yet. The aims of this study are to analyze the fine‐scale spatiotemporal dynamics of these sympatric species and identify the key sedimentary factors (substrate composition and cover) involved in their distribution. Sea cucumber populations and sedimentary factors were monitored along back‐reef and shore‐to‐ocean gradients during four consecutive seasons. Meanwhile, feeding behavior was assessed by measuring motility and excretion rates. Each species presents its own dynamic between the beginning and the end of the monitoring: increase of density for H. leucospilota, stability for H. atra, and decrease for S. chloronotus. Distribution of H. atra was closely related to substrate organic features (high organic matter, chlorophyll a, and ∂13C), H. leucospilota with the occurrence of seagrass and S. chloronotus with none. Results on feeding behavior showed that S. chloronotus emerges as a specialist while the two others appear to be generalists. Conspecific attraction or recruitment pattern may drive the high‐density patchy distribution of both Holothuria species, while the drastic decrease of S. chloronotus could be linked to unstudied factors related to predation or climate change. Water flow regime could also have a significant effect on the patchy distribution of these species, therefore, further studies should pay particular attention to this factor.
75‐4: Late‐News Paper: Metalens‐Integrated Augmented Reality (AR) Waveguides for Eye‐tracking: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Chuang I-Hsuan , Yu Peichen , Weng Chih-Wei , Hu Chao-Chang
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate a proof‐of‐concept metalens‐integrated AR waveguide for imaging and eye‐tracking. The 4.5 mm metalens is stacked onto a diffractive exit‐pupil‐expander structure to provide aberration‐free imaging. The combined system achieves a 17×16.8‐degree field of view and an 11×9 mm eye box, currently limited by the waveguide's architecture and efficiency.
76‐4: Implementing a Photo‐detectable AM‐LED Display Using Discrete ICs
Authors: Joung Yu-Seong , Jeong Won-Been , Ko Myeong-Jin , Kim Jong-In , Park Hyun-Sun , Kim Jung-Hyun , Lee Seung-Woo
Published: July 2024

An AMLED display featuring photodetection is implemented by using discrete ICs. For pixel driving, a PDIC (pixel driving IC) is presented. The size of PDIC was 400×800 μm 2 . For photosensing, a charge integrator is used. For both emitting and sensing LEDs, the proposed circuit comprises PDIC, switches, CI, and control signals. It is verified that the implemented AMLED display can distinguish photocurrents caused by the reflected lights from the colored objects depending on the color combinations of emitting and sensing LEDs.
83‐3: Inverse Design of Liquid Crystal Phase Modulators for 2D/3D Switchable Display Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Qian , Tang Mingyuan , Sun Changli , Lu Jiangang
Published: July 2024

The fringe field effect in liquid crystal (LC) devices can cause pixel crosstalk issues. Therefore, LC devices with multiple electrode structures require multiple calibrations to achieve an approximate distribution of the target phase modulation. At the same time, optical inverse design based on data‐driven algorithms is also a highly popular topic. This article introduces a deep‐learning approach to realize inverse phase modulation in LC devices. By adopting the deep learning method for inverse phase modulation in LC devices, can effectively alleviate the problems caused by fringe field effects and achieve more precise and accurate phase modulation distribution.
91‐4: Temperature Compensation Study of Micro‐LED by Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Chen Peixuan , Liu Yiting , Lyu Bojia
Published: July 2024

Micro‐LED is a new display technology that offers advantages such as high brightness, high contrast, and low power consumption. However, the performance of Micro‐LED is greatly affected by temperature, leading to color shift easily. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning‐based approach for achieving global compensation, which exhibits advantages including high compensation accuracy, good smoothness, and strong generalization performance. Experimental validation using both measured and simulated data demonstrates that the proposed method achieves a single‐pixel single‐color(R) brightness prediction accuracy of 1% and the brightness prediction of multi‐pixel single‐color(R) also exhibits high accuracy. Consequently, the proposed method enables global brightness compensation and color shift compensation in Micro‐LED.
93‐5: Late‐News Paper: Highly Stretchable Display with Serpentine‐shaped Design and Intrinsically Stretchable Materials
Authors: Yoon Jangyeol , Kim Seongwon , Seo Woosuk , Lee Gyujeong , Shin Heonjung , Hong Jong-Ho , Kim Yongjo , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2024

Stretchable displays based on conventional materials exhibit a trade‐off relationship between the pixel density and the stretchability. In this paper, we have demonstrated overcoming the technological limitations of stretchable displays through the optimization of serpentine‐shaped bridge design and the application of stretchable metal electrodes. The application of stretchable electrodes has increased stretchability by over 30% without compromising pixel density.
P‐5: 27‐inch Ultra‐Narrow‐Border LCD with a Two‐Stage Output Gate Driver Circuit
Authors: Sun ZhiXin , Wang Xu , He XiaoJin , Tan ZhiWei , Zhou Hang
Published: July 2024

A two‐stage output gate driver circuit with a clock‐controlled inverter is proposed and investigated. High and low voltage switching of inverter diminishes the positive bias stress of amorphous silicon TFTs in the circuit. The design of one cell with two‐stage output reduces the number of blocks in the gate driver circuit by half. This circuit was successfully developed for a 27‐inch LCD product with a 1.88 mm border.
P‐33: Differences in Visual Comfort of Smartphones between Comfortable and Uncomfortable Luminance
Authors: Wu Chenyu , Tu Yan , Wang Lili , Liu Xin , Jia Linyu , Zheng Binyi , Liu Jie
Published: July 2024

Differences in visual comfort between comfortable and uncomfortable luminance were explored on a smartphone. The results revealed that tiny changes in CFF and microsaccade parameters (pupil diameter, amplitude, and peak velocity) were presented at the comfortable luminance, inducing less eye discomfort. Particularly, CFF is an effective indicator of visual comfort and fatigue.
P‐44: A Smart Eye Tracking System Based on Linear Array Sensors
Authors: Jin Xin , Gao Chao , Zhou Xinhe , Ma Tao , Zhao Haolin , Zhou Zhou , Su Kuiren , Liu Xiaolin , Wang Kai
Published: July 2024

Eye tracking as an important human‐machine interface plays avital role in immersive displays such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). Different from near infrared (NIR) camerabased methods, the proposed corneal reflection method based on principle of eyeball co‐vision takes advantage of using eye‐safe 940‐ nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and dual‐column linear array sensor (DCLAS) to obtain coordinates of the eyeball's moving positions through detecting its reflected light. The DCLAS not only delivers high sensitivity at eye‐safe NIR wavelength, but also has high spatial resolution for position accuracy and wide dynamic range to suppress ambient light influence. Together with low power consumption, good wearability, low data redundancy and simple computing algorism, a great promise can be made to enable smart eye tracking for AR/VR.
P‐48: Evaluation of Field of View in Optical See‐through Near Eye Displays
Authors: Mou Xi , Peng Xiaopeng , Wang Jianping
Published: July 2024

See‐through near‐eye displays, such as head‐mounted displays and augmented reality glasses, integrate physical environment with virtual digital contents to form a cohesive world that combines both realities. Field‐of‐view (FOV) is a critical parameter determines the optical performance of these displays. Here we evaluate the see‐through FOV of an optical see‐through near eye display. The evaluation is based on the standardized Michelson contrast method, which provides a unified metric for the measurement of see‐through FOV in near‐eye displays.
P‐58: Novel Defect Data Augmentation in Display Manufacturing Process
Authors: Hahn Jungsuk , Na Taewoon , Lee Kowoon
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose novel defect data augmentation procedure to overcome imbalanced class in development of machine learning models for display manufacturing process. As the amount of defective samples is extremely small compared to that of good samples, it causes severe overfitting and poor performance of models. In addition, numeric or tabular data augmentation is not suitable by GAN or VAE algorithms and its accuracy or similarity is lower than that of image augmentation. To settle this problem, we utilize both over and under sampling, and introduce anomaly score to figure out which process or equipment is in anomaly state. Kernel function or XAI algorithms are also utilized to discover effective features which differentiates defective samples and normal samples. After these process, we use to CT‐GAN to increase the number of defect datasets. In this way, we have demonstrated the enhanced the performance of GAN algorithm in tabular and numeric data.
P‐97: Improved Electrical Performance and Realiability of a‐IGZO TFT by N2O Plasma Treatment Optimization
Authors: Kim Hyojung , Sung Hyesun , Shim Seungbo , Lee Dooyoul
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the abnormal reliability degradations observed under positive bias temperature stress (PBTS) in a‐IGZO TFTs treated by N2O plasma treatment and proposes a solution according to the presence of N2O plasma in the subsequent postprocess. In mass manufacture of a‐IGZO TFTs, N2O plasma is usually completely removed during the subsequent post‐plasma treatment processes. However, we maintained the presence of N2O plasma and analyzed its effect on device performance and reliability. While a‐IGZO TFTs fabricated with N2O plasmaremoved during the post‐process exhibited non‐ideal negative Vth shifts under PBTS, the devices fabricated with N2O plasma present during post‐processing showed superior electrical performance and reliability, avoiding the non‐ideal Vth shift phenomenon. This study shows that maintaining N2O plasma during the post‐process is an effective method for ensuring device reliability as well as improved performance of a‐IGZO TFTs in mass production.
P‐101: Zero‐cost solution for TFT Panel non‐film surface strength improvement
Authors: Wen Huiming , Xiang Lei , Wang Guangjun , Xiong Yong , Gao Caiyong , Liu Bo , Huang Jian , Tan Luolin
Published: July 2024

The market demand for strength of display screens is constantly increasing, and solutions for slimming or polishing display screens can cost millions of dollars per year. This article provides a solution without increasing costs by upgrading the materials, specifications, and maintenance methods of ESC (Electrostatic Chuck) used for dry etching.
P‐238: Late‐News Poster: Novel Method for Fast Assessment of Surface Conditions of Nano‐Thin Films
Authors: Jeong Do-Young , Kang Chang-Soo , Han Kwan-Young
Published: July 2024

In this study, we developed a method for measuring and evaluating the surface of Nano thin films used for displays. In this device, the contact angle of the surface is measured by dividing the entire area within 10″ by the desired ratio, and the Nano thin film state of the surface is verified by obtaining surface energy at high speed.
P‐240: Late‐News Poster: Smoke‐Anti‐Reflection Films for Display Visibility Improvement: Ambient Contrast Ratio Consideration
Authors: Tachikawa Takashi , Isshiki Masanobu , Takemoto Kazuya
Published: July 2024

We have demonstrated the novel concept of smoke‐anti‐reflection (smoke‐AR) films, which enhance visibility of display under ambient light. The displays with the newly developed smoke‐AR film had approximately 40% higher ambient contrast ratio than that with a conventional clear AR film. The smoke‐AR film is particularly beneficial for display applications that require visibility under strong lighting.
P‐243: Late‐News Poster: Polarization state maps measurement of optical components using a fourier optic based conoscope
Authors: Collomb-Patton Véronique , Leroux Thierry
Published: July 2024

Polarization states out of SiO2 waveplates and LYOT depolarizers are measured using a Fourier angular system. We show that the measurements perfectly match the theory of birefringence at any incident angle. The equipment can furthermore be used to obtain a cartography of the polarization states out of VR optical systems.
P‐145: Distinguished Poster: The Impact of Packaging Film Structure on the Color Seam of Mini LED Display
Authors: Yang Zezhou , Jin Liangliang , Zhao Le , Ma Ruoyu , Zhang Shubai , Sun Wenjia , Li Jiaxin , Li Yueqiao , Guan Jun , Chen Xiangyi , Shi Lingyun
Published: July 2024

When viewing the Mini LED display screen from a large angle, the color seam appearing at the edge of the module can disrupt the uniformity of the entire screen's bright state. This paper studies the formation mechanism of color seam and solves the problem by optimizing the packaging film structure.
P‐148: TBP Assisted Synthesis of High Concentration Quasi‐Type II CdSe/CdS Dot‐in‐Rods Nanocrystals and its Chirality Study
Authors: Ling Jiaxin , Zhou Ziming , Lin Zhiqin , Chen Liguo , Duan Xijian , Zhao Bingxin , Zhou Binqian , Cheng Simin , Sun Yijing , Li Yiwen , Cheng Jiaji , Xu Bing , Tang Haodong , Hao Junjie
Published: July 2024

We present a novel TBP assisted synthesis method for green emission CdSe/CdS DRs, which exhibit ligand‐induced chiral activity no less than red‐emitting, the CD g‐factor can reach 1.3× 10‐3 , coupling with excellent CPL activity (glum 5 × 10‐4 ). This achievement will lay the foundation for the realization of full‐ color CPL.
P‐151: The Optimization of Quantum‐Dots Color Filter for Flexible Display Applications
Authors: Zhao Bingxin , Li Depeng , Hao Junjie , Li Shang , Bai Xue , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a flexible and uniformly‐dispersed quantum dot (QD) color filter (QDCF) fabricated for micro‐LED by photolithography. We studied the condition of PET films and concentration of QDs, the optimized QDCF exhibited high quantum yield (QY) up to over 70%, and a high optical density (OD) over 1.2. The QY increased and then decreased with the increase of the concentration.
P‐212: Novel Stacked OLED and Pixel Design for Enhanced Lifetimes and Improved PPI
Authors: Yuan Can , Wan Xiang , Wang Xinxin , Liu Xiuting , Zhang Xiangze , Yuan Zhidong , Cheng Xuelian , Li Yongqian , Yu Jianwei
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we proposed a novel stacked OLED device, which consists of a single layer of RGB units stacked vertically together. In the stacked OLED display, the pixel aperture ratio is about triple of traditional displays. The color gamut with DCI‐P3 (CIE1931) of the stacked device reaches 99% without color filter. In addition, we explored a pixel circuit suitable for the device, which theoretically improves the lifetime of the device by about 300% in this drive mode.
P‐216: The Status and Trend of Narrow‐bezel OLED Display
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Liu Guiqi , Du Lingxiao , Zhang Meng , Li Junfeng
Published: July 2024

With the development of display technology, the terminal customer has put forward higher panel specification requirements. As a result, smart phone's panel size becomes bigger and bigger, as well as the screen ratio, which lead to sharp decrease in panel border size. While limited by the space and module structure, how to accomplish narrow bezel is always a hot topic in OLED field. During the past two years, panel makers used LIPO（Low injection pressure overmolding） technology to make border narrower, and this become standard configuration settings. However, LIPO accounts for little proportion in total panel and module border, it is the reduction for the space between the shell and module. In this paper, we analyze the trend of narrow bezel development, and introduce some new methods which may be used in future, hoping to provide some helpful reference to OLED panel narrow bezel design.
Validation of predicted individual treatment effects in out of sample respondents
Authors: Kuhlemeier Alena , Jaki Thomas , Witkiewitz Katie , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Van Horn M. Lee
Published: July 2024

Personalized medicine promises the ability to improve patient outcomes by tailoring treatment recommendations to the likelihood that any given patient will respond well to a given treatment. It is important that predictions of treatment response be validated and replicated in independent data to support their use in clinical practice. In this paper, we propose and test an approach for validating predictions of individual treatment effects with continuous outcomes across samples that uses matching in a test (validation) sample to match individuals in the treatment and control arms based on their predicted treatment response and their predicted response under control. To examine the proposed validation approach, we conducted simulations where test data is generated from either an identical, similar, or unrelated process to the training data. We also examined the impact of nuisance variables. To demonstrate the use of this validation procedure in the context of predicting individual treatment effects in the treatment of alcohol use disorder, we apply our validation procedure using data from a clinical trial of combined behavioral and pharmacotherapy treatments. We find that the validation algorithm accurately confirms validation and lack of validation, and also provides insights into cases where test data were generated under similar, but not identical conditions. We also show that the presence of nuisance variables detrimentally impacts algorithm performance, which can be partially reduced though the use of variable selection methods. An advantage of the approach is that it can be widely applied to different predictive methods.
A Bimetallic Electro‐Sensitizer Improves ROS Therapy by Relieving Autophagy‐Induced ROS Tolerance and Immune Suppression
Authors: Xu Qinqin , Wang Manchun , Zhang Fengling , Chen Gui , Shu Zhilin , Li Lei , Zhang Fang , Wang Yu , Wang Yongxia , Duan Xiaohui , Yu Meng
Published: July 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent monotherapy usually demonstrates poor therapeutic outcomes, due to the accompanied activation of protective autophagy in tumor cells, which results in ROS tolerance and immune suppression. In this study, a bimetallic electro‐sensitizer, Pt‐Ir NPs is constructed, loaded with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (Pt‐Ir‐CQ NPs), to enhance the effectiveness of electrotherapy by inhibiting autophagy and activating anti‐tumor immune responses. This novel electrotherapy platform demonstrates unique advantages, particularly in the treatment of hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors. First, the electro‐sensitizer catalyzes water molecules into ROS under electric field, achieving tumor ablation through electrotoxicity. Second, the incorporated CQ inhibits the protective autophagy induced by electrotherapy, restoring the sensitivity of tumor cells to ROS and thereby enhancing the anti‐tumor effects of electrotherapy. Third, Pt‐Ir‐CQ NPs enhance the functionality of antigen‐presenting cells and immunogenic cells through inhibiting autophagy, synergistically activating the anti‐tumor immune responses along with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect induced by electrotherapy. This study provides a novel approach for the effective ablation and long‐term inhibition of solid tumors through flexible modulation by an exogenous electric field.
Unveiling the Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activity in Ru‐Fe2O3/CoS Heterojunction Catalysts
Authors: Chen Xue , Kong Yilin , Yin Hongfei , Yang Xiaoyong , Zhao Qiuyu , Xiao Dongdong , Wang Zhili , Zhang Yongzheng , Xue Qikun
Published: July 2024

The development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial to meet the practical demand for water splitting. In this study, an effective approach is proposed that simultaneously enhances interfacial interaction and catalytic activity by modifying Fe2O3/CoS heterojunction using Ru doping strategy to construct an efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution catalyst. The unique morphology of Ru doped Fe2O3 (Ru‐Fe2O3) nanoring decorated by CoS nanoparticles ensures a large active surface area and a high number of active sites. The designed Ru‐Fe2O3/CoS catalyst achieves a low OER overpotential (264 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 and demonstrates exceptional stability even at high current density of 100 mA cm−2, maintaining its performance for an impressive duration of 90 h. The catalytic performance of this Ru‐Fe2O3/CoS catalyst surpasses that of other iron‐based oxide catalysts and even outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art RuO2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation as well as experimental in situ characterization confirm that the introduction of Ru atoms can enhance the interfacial electron interaction, accelerating the electron transfer, and serve as highly active sites reducing the energy barrier for rate determination step. This work provides an efficient strategy to reveal the enhancement of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution activity of heterojunction catalysts by doping engineering.
Coffee‐Ring Mediated Thinning and Thickness‐Dependent Dewetting Modes in Printed Polymer Droplets Coupled with Assembly of Quantum Dots for Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Torun Ilker , Huang Conan , Kiremitler N. Burak , Kalay Mustafa , Shim Moonsub , Onses Mustafa Serdar
Published: July 2024

Molecular transport processes in printed polymer droplets hold enormous importance for understanding wetting phenomena and designing systems in applications such as encoding, electronics, photonics, and sensing. This paper studies thickness‐dependent dewetting modes that are activated by thermal annealing and driven by interfacial interactions within microscopically confined polymeric features. The printing of poly(2‐vinylpyridine) is performed in a regime where coffee‐ring effects lead to strong thinning of the central region of the deposit. Thermal annealing leads to two different modes of dewetting that depend on the thickness of the central region. Mode I refers to the formation of randomly positioned small features surrounded by large hemispherical ones located along the periphery of the printed features and occurs when the central regions are thin. Observed at large central thicknesses, Mode II mediates significant molecular transport from edges toward the center of the printed droplet with thermal annealing and forms a hemispherical feature from the initial ring‐like deposit. The selective adsorption of red, green, and blue emitting quantum dots over the poly(2‐vinylpyridine) results in photoluminescent patterns. The selective assembly of photoluminescent quantum dots over patterned surfaces leads to deterministic and stochastic features beneficial to creating security labels for anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Collaborative Responses to Grand Challenges: The Case of La Scuola Open Source
Authors: Coco Nunzia
Published: July 2024

In an era marked by economic, financial, and health-related crises, the concept of “grand challenges” has gained prominence, signifying complex issues with global repercussions that demand innovative solutions. This chapter explores the potential of cooperative initiatives and open innovation strategies as novel approaches to addressing these challenges. Drawing on a case study of “La Scuola Open Source,” a cooperative project situated in a socially challenged context, the chapter delves into the dynamics of crowdsourcing as a strategy to navigate societal transformations. The study highlights the pivotal role played by open practices and design-driven methodologies in nurturing a profound sense of community belonging and drive a community-driven initiative to a formalized cooperative entity. The study provides valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers in the field of social innovation, particularly those striving to address pressing grand societal challenges.
Reception and Perspectives of Experts and Cooperative Members on Austrian Cooperatives During the Corona Crisis: A Qualitative and Quantitative Survey
Authors: Balk Anselm , Schaffhauser-Linzatti Michaela
Published: July 2024

This two-stage study examines the perception and perspectives of experts and cooperative members on Austrian cooperatives during the Corona crisis. For this purpose, a Delphi study among experts and an online survey among members of cooperatives were conducted. The findings show that the members and experts perceive cooperatives as well positioned to meet current and future challenges. The most significant potential is seen in the agricultural and energy sectors. However, the members urge that the values traditionally ascribed to cooperatives, such as participation, promotion of the members, and democracy, should be further implemented within their cooperative and better communicated to the public. If this happens, they see a legal form well suited to underpin its advantages, for example concerning the increasing importance of sustainability issues. Members are ambivalent about digitalization. They welcome integrating digital tools if they help improve the efficiency of cooperative’s administration and business operations. However, when it comes to digital decision-making processes or general meetings, members are reluctant because they fear that this reduces direct contact between members. For them, digital tools should primarily be used as a supplement.
Changing the Mindset: Cooperatives and Complexity—Looking into the Future
Authors: Novkovic Sonja
Published: July 2024

The chapter highlights the nature of the cooperative enterprise model, its inherent feature to form purpose-driven complex networks, and its potential to impact the socio-economic transformation required for a sustainable system. We revisit the sources of unsustainability identified in the 1970s and explore what role cooperatives can play in setting the stage for the needed transformation. The cooperative model offers the radical imagination required for system transformation—a different mindset placing the enterprise firmly in the social sphere of influence and concern.
Balancing Flexibility and Stability: Leveraging Cooperatives for Organizational Resilience
Authors: Isenring Kata
Published: July 2024

This chapter provides an overview of recent developments in resilience research in organization and management studies, with a particular focus on cooperatives. The chapter highlights the importance of moving away from understanding resilience as a defensive and reactive measure and emphasizes the need for organizations to proactively design their capabilities to anticipate and respond effectively to adverse events while reducing overall vulnerability. Cooperatives, owing to their democratic principles, shared ownership, and community engagement, have developed organizational traits that foster resilience. The chapter presents three cases of the cooperative logics that demonstrate how organizations have leveraged their historical and structural factors to build problem-solving and adaptive capabilities that enable them to anticipate and respond effectively to adverse events while reducing overall vulnerability. The chapter concludes by discussing how decision makers across various organizational contexts can gain insights into how to balance flexibility and stability and develop their own resilience-enhancing logics and practices by examining the experiences of cooperatives.
Determination and Application of Excavation Footage in the Shallow-Buried Biased Section of the North-South Road Tunnel in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Zhang Lu , Feng Hao , Du Yunfeng , Tao Jian , Lun Kangbao
Published: July 2024

When constructing tunnels in soft rock, improper excavation footage selection can cause instability and collapse. Using Xie Jiajie’s shallow tunnel surrounding rock pressure model, this study expands from 2D to 3D. A formula is deduced to calculate the excavation footage in soft rock, ensuring stability. This formula is used to analyze the excavation footage of Kyrgyzstan's north-south Yueling tunnel using the step method, and combined with numerical simulation analysis, the optimal excavation footage is obtained, which provides a reference for tunnel construction.
Investigation and Analysis of Service Performance of Cable Arch Bridge Structure Under Accidental Lateral Load
Authors: Gao Shilong , Kai Zhuang , Li Tianchong , Sun Wei
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the response behavior of such structures under unexpected lateral impact loads, and quantitatively studies the impact of vibration caused by impact on driving performance, pedestrian comfort, and other aspects. Based on parameter analysis methods, explore the impact of impactor quality and speed on the above behavior. The simulation results indicate that as the mass and speed of the impact body increase, the discomfort of driving increases, which is unacceptable to pedestrians.
Study on the Force Transmission Mechanism of Steel-Concrete Composite Segments in Irregular Single-Tower Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Xinqiang , Xie Haihui , Ye Musheng , Zhang Haiyang , Chu Genfa , Xuan Fei
Published: July 2024

In response to the complex stress distribution challenges in the steel-concrete composite segments of hybrid beam cable-stayed bridges, this study focuses on the steel-concrete composite segments of the Dianbu River Bridge in Anhui Province. A comprehensive spatial model of the entire bridge was established using ABAQUS for an overall static analysis. The analysis aimed to elucidate the stress distribution within the composite segments, including the concrete, steel plates, and rear compression plates, and to identify the specific load-bearing pathways within the structure. The results of the analysis indicate that the primary load-bearing pathways traverse the steel transition segments, the steel plates of the composite segments, the concrete of the composite segments, and the concrete transition segments, by bidirectional load transfer principles. The construction method of the steel-concrete composite segments of the bridge tower is deemed to be rational, ensuring structural safety and reliability.