bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Letters from Moscow” by Belgian Journalist Louis Hymans in 1856
Authors: Khorosheva Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

The article analyzed the letters of the Belgian correspondent Louis Hymans, who attended the coronation of Alexander II in 1856. Reportage notes on an important event of national significance, which became evidence of Russia’s readiness to take up the positions lost as a result of the Crimean War in the international arena, not only created a positive image of the country among European readers, but also reflected the cohesion of Russian society and internal stability in the State. The publication of letters in the Belgian newspaper “Le Nord” was one of the ways to strengthen intellectual and political cooperation, in particular with Belgium, as well the transmission of Russia’s interests aimed at restoring global balance.
The Image of Russian Society on the Pages of the Literary and Political Periodical “The Quarterly Review” in 1815—1825
Authors: Eremin Vladimir
Published: January 2025

The period of international political instability in Europe, caused by Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, was ended in 1815. In the process of establishing a new world order, the Russian Empire played one of the leading roles. Meanwhile, Great Britain has also advanced to one of the main positions in world politics. At the same time, the former ally in the anti-French coalition aroused interest among the public in the United Kingdom. Russia was regularly featured in press, including literary and political periodicals, which were of great significance and authority. “The Quarterly Review” was no exception. Most of its authors were Tory supporters, which was reflected in critical articles. Despite the attention of scholars to its intellectual legacy, the number of publications related to Russia, as well as their thematic diversity, allows for the setting of new research tasks. In articles about new books, critics discussed the specific features of Russian society and highlighted the particular situations of different social classes. Readers could learn from periodicals publications about the nature of serfdom, the distinctive features of the nobility, and outstanding representatives of Russian society. All these allowed publicists to discuss not only the uniqueness of the social structure of the Russian Empire, but also its limitations, future development, and to draw general conclusions about the mechanisms of historical development of human societies.
The Russian Empire and Deadly Pathogens: Mobilization of the State Faced with Epidemics at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Mikhel Dmitriy
Published: January 2025

The early twentieth century in Russia was not only a period of tremendous political upheavals, but also a time of desperate struggle for public health and epidemiological security of the country. Soviet historiography's image of a declining empire unable to cope with plague and cholera epidemics does not quite correspond to reality. The Russian Empire was not going to die a natural death and found the strength to meet the challenges posed by the most dangerous infectious diseases. At the same time, Russian public medicine, which emerged in the second half of the 19th century, in which doctors of the Pirogov Society played a major role, was practically incapable of repelling the onslaught of deadly pathogens in the early 20th century. On the contrary, the Imperial administration, which had repeatedly demonstrated its incapacity in this field, was able to mobilize and support the development of the new science of bacteriology at the very beginning of the twentieth century. Just a few years before and immediately after the First Russian Revolution, bacteriology was included in the arsenal of the most important tools used in the interests of public health and epidemiological security in Russia.
Leftist Forces Against OTAN: Anti-OTAN Protests in Spain in 1980—1986
Authors: Kuzina Nataliya
Published: January 2025

The article examines the development of the anti-NATO movement in Spain during the 1980s, exploring its historical roots, political and social preconditions, as well as the roles of various left-wing and environmental organizations in this process. The analysis focuses on the main factors contributing to the rise of anti-NATO sentiments, including anti-American positions, fear of nuclear threats, and the loss of national sovereignty. It emphasizes that the anti-NATO movement in Spain was a continuation of the anti-Franco struggle and was grounded in local and national contexts. The end of Franco’s dictatorship opened new political opportunities for the country but also presented complex challenges both domestically and internationally. One significant internal context was the confrontation with pro-NATO movements, which, amid the ongoing Cold War, accused the USSR of sponsoring anti-NATO protests. The article presents arguments for and against these accusations and assesses their credibility. It is demonstrated that the real role of the USSR was more about supporting international initiatives than directly financing protest movements.
Georgian Marxists between Classism, Nationalism and Westernism
Authors: Shubin Aleksander
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the experience of the Social Democrats in power in the Georgian Democratic Republic in 1918—1921. Arguing both with too categorical criticism and with the apology of the Georgian social democratic experiment, the author concludes that against the background of revolutionary upheavals and civil wars in the territory of the former Russian Empire, the Georgian Democratic Republic (GDR) demonstrated significant political stability, the preservation of limited political pluralism and not the worst socio-economic indicators, successfully she carried out agrarian reform and state regulation of socio-economic relations in industry, which restrained the decline in production, and in some industries, which ensured its growth. Criticizing the Bolsheviks from orthodox Marxist positions, the leader of the Georgian Mensheviks N. Zhordania stated that the Social Democrats themselves could not pursue a proletarian policy, just as the Bolsheviks did the bourgeois revolution without the bourgeoisie. But, unlike the Bolsheviks, the interests of the ruling circles of the GDR turned out to be not socio-modernization, but national-state and cultural-educational aspects. According to the author, a Westernized nationalist intelligentsia came to power in Georgia, which did not have time to transform into a technocracy, bureaucracy or bourgeoisie. Paying tribute to social policy, she sought to create a state space for Georgian culture, which is developing as a European one and is closely linked to the Western-centric world.
Western Thought in the Formation of “Ecosocialism” in Latin America
Authors: Shinkarenko Alexandr
Published: January 2025

The turn of the 20th — 21st centuries had a negative impact on the development of many Latin American countries, bringing political destabilization and economic imbalance among the main participants. The imbalances in development were largely explained by the fact that the countries failed to cope with structural dependence, which was much written about by the “dependentists” led by Raul Prebish. In addition, the region began to face new challenges that required attention and resources. These include, in particular, addressing environmental issues in political discourse. The socio-environmental issues accumulated over many years of exploitation of the rental economy have become a catalyst for the formation of new political actors — social movements that have adopted the practices of the indigenous population of the region aimed at preserving a healthy environment. Against the background of the “left drift”, this process resulted in the emergence of intercultural ecosocialism, which was especially manifested in Bolivia and Ecuador, where environmental sustainability issues influenced the formation of the public agenda. The radical management of natural resources within the framework of ecosocialism as a social project, which it was, was based not only on the Indian traditions of reverence for Mother Nature and harmony with her, but also used the intellectual reserve accumulated by Western thought. For a detailed consideration of the above-mentioned trend, the main stages of the formation of such areas as political ecology and post-development theory, as well as other areas of socio-ecological thought of the 70—80’s were analyzed. The twentieth century. To explain the peculiarities of the functioning of rental economies in the region, the author of the article turned to the center-peripheral model, which is used in the theory of dependent development, as well as in world-system analysis. In general, it is worth emphasizing that the discussions that were conducted within the framework of the approach of the ecosocialists of Ecuador and Bolivia are a challenge to the established economic model in which the environment is overexploited. The experience of the Andean subregion has for a long time demonstrated new interpretations of human and economic development, where along the way the authorities tried to use a more pragmatic approach to environmental rights. The ideas of abandoning the established anthropocentric model in favor of balanced relations between society and the environment continue to find their followers. However, their success depends entirely on the degree of attractiveness of these alternative projects for all participants.
“Initiative for Independent Trade Unions”: An Attempt of a Syndicalist Alternative in East Germany in 1989—1990
Authors: Damier Vadim
Published: January 2025

The article examines the short history of one of the socialist opposition movements in the last months of the existence of the GDR. Unlike other movements, the “Initiative for Independent Trade Unions” sought to build on the East German labor movement and put forward demands aimed directly at improving the living and working conditions of employees and establishing workers' control. Not recognizing the socialist character of the GDR and opposing the capitalist model of West Germany, it advocated a society based on the principles of self-managed socialism. It is fair to say that, despite its precise analysis, relatively clear understanding of the situation and fairly advanced development of an alternative, the Initiative for Independent Trade Unions in the GDR was largely “simply” unlucky. The rapid and turbulent development of events did not leave it enough time to “build up” the necessary mass “base” that could have turned it into a strong player on the socio-political scene. But its experience and developments are still of interest and may still be in demand in the future.
“I Had an Honor to Serve the Army and the Fatherland”: General August Keim and the Pan-Germans
Authors: Turygin Alexander
Published: January 2025

The article examines the life of German General August Keim (1845—1926) from the perspective of his relations with like-minded people from the Pan-German league (of which he was a member from 1908 until the end of his life). The article is based on the general’s lifetime memoirs, which can be translated into Russian as “Experienced and Achieved”, partially introduced into domestic research on historical German studies. Despite the biased attitude towards the memoirs of the military, which the reader expects dry military field reports or complex discussions of tactics and strategy, the memoirs of A. Keim paint a colorful picture of the socio-political life of Germany in the era of Wilhelminism, demonstrating the polished journalistic style and journalistic talent of their author. In addition, the memoirs provide an opportunity to evaluate A. Keim not as “one of the Pan-Germans”, which is typical for the narrative existing in historiography (due to the commonality of views), but as an independent and strong-willed person who had his own opinion in the leadership of the Pan-German league (on the subject of reforming its structure and subordinating it to his own control). The biographical perspective, on the basis of which the article was written, allowed, on the one hand, to analyze the individual life experience of the general, whose interests and intentions went far beyond the professional military activity. On the other hand, his memoirs allowed to structure group behavioral stereotypes of representatives of the middle class, actually excluded from the sphere of political decision-making, who were actively involved in public activities and changed the perception of power, emanating exclusively from the aristocratic elites. A. Keim’s memoirs showed how relevant these aspirations were, and how they, in fact, destroyed the traditional way of life of German society at the turn of the eras. Since the memoirs were completed and published in 1925 (a year before A. Keim’s death), they can be considered not only as a result of the author’s self-identification with a specific period of German history, but also as a source on structural history, linking two different eras (the empire and the republic).
Preserving the Memory of Soviet Assistance in the Spanish Civil War (1936—1939) in the Context of the EU Memorial Policy
Authors: Grantseva Ekaterina
Published: January 2025

The actualization of the problem of historical memory in Spain in the first quarter of the 21st century is due not only to internal reasons, but also to external influence — the formation of the memorial policy of the European Union. The Spanish case is one of the most illustrative examples of the contradictory nature of attempts to create a unified approach to the past. In addition to the internal divisions that have characterized Spanish society for a long time, a controversial issue that reflected differences in the interpretation of the past in the context of pan-European and Spanish historical policies was the topic of Soviet assistance in the Spanish Civil War. The study showed that the Spanish approach to the policy of memory, reflected in the content of the Law on Democratic Memory, is largely due to the approach to the formation of the pan-European policy of memory and European identity. The term “democratic memory” itself is directly related to the key values declared by the European Union. The Spanish historical policy is characterized by the same vices as the pan-European policy of memory — manipulation of facts and unwillingness to talk about the “inconvenient past”. However, Spain's own historical experience, which in the 1930s experienced the tragedy of the civil war, on the fringes of which a battle of ideologies unfolded, does not allow the Spaniards to agree with the provisions of the Resolution of the European Parliament “On the importance of preserving historical memory for the future of Europe”.
Komunikacja skoncentrowana na dziecku. Wystawa „Daniel’s Story” W Muzeum Holokaustu w Waszyngtonie
Authors: Zaborski Marcin
Published: January 2025

Autor analizuje strategię ekspozycyjną wystawy „Remember the Children: Daniel’s Story” prezentowanej w Muzeum Holokaustu w Waszyngtonie. Opowiadając historię fikcyjnej żydowskiej rodziny żyjącej w czasach nazistowskich, ekspozycja omawia najważniejsze fakty dotyczące Zagłady. Z jakich narzędzi korzystają twórcy wystawy, prezentując opowieść o traumatycznej przeszłości? Czy uwzględniają predyspozycje i możliwości emocjonalne dzieci, które są adresatami wystawy? Autor artykułu poszukuje odpowiedzi na te pytania, badając strukturę kompozycyjną wystawy i jej poszczególne elementy.
Od oporu do zaangażowania. Ewolucja amerykańskiego modelu samoregulacji mediów. Wnioski i perspektywy dla mediów w Polsce
Authors: Chlebowski Michał
Published: January 2025

Celem artykułu jest analiza ewolucji stosunku amerykańskich mediów do zagadnienia samoregulacji od rekomendacji przedstawionych przez Komisję ds. Wolności Prasy (Komisję Hutchinsa) do czasów współczesnych. Autor stawia tezę, że pierwotny sceptycyzm mediów wobec mechanizmów samoregulacji stopniowo przyjmuje formę zaangażowania. W procesie badawczym zastosowano metodę analizy zawartości źródeł pierwotnych (prasa amerykańska z lat czterdziestych XX w., raport Komisji), przeglądu systematycznego literatury i analizy danych z organizacji dziennikarskich. Wnioski płynące z badania dotyczą charakteru zmian postawy mediów wobec samoregulacji oraz czynników, które do tych zmian bezpośrednio doprowadziły. Wnioski z niniejszej analizy wpisują się również w szerszą dyskusję na temat potrzeby budowy skutecznego systemu samoregulacji mediów w Polsce.
Wsparcie dla sprawcy przemocy domowej pomocą dla rodziny
Authors: Łuka Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Przemoc domowa dotyka wszystkie osoby systemu rodzinnego. Jedną z osób uwikłanych w to zjawisko jest jego sprawca. Nie ma jednego typu sylwetki takiej osoby, jednak najczęściej wskazuje się pewne cechy, które często charakteryzują taką jednostkę. Zwraca się uwagę na zaburzenia w zakresie kontroli swojego zachowania, emocji, poczucia własnej wartości, tożsamości. Chcąc skutecznie przeciwdziałać zjawisku przemocy należy m.in. podjąć intensywną i skuteczną pracę z jego sprawcami. Prowadzenie różnorodnych programów mających na celu przebudowywanie postaw życiowych sprawców przemocy daje nadzieję na skuteczne powstrzymywanie rozwijania się przemocy domowej.
Reproduction Process As Method of Realization of Economic Independence of Regions of Russia
Authors:   Saratov State University, Fedolyak V. S.
Published: January 2025

The mechanism of regional reproduction, carried out economic the independent regions of Russia, is expounded in the article. Objectivity of its existence is proved in the conditions of market economy. The features of regional reproduction and its likeness are showed with reproduction at the level of other managing subjects.
Stomatognati sistem: Anatomija, fiziologija, razvoj, histologija
Authors: Fekonja Anita
Published: January 2025

Učbenik Stomatognati sistem obsega snov, ki jo študenti Dentalne medicine Medicinske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru obravnavajo v okviru predmeta Morfologija zob (anatomija in fiziologija ustne votline). Stomatognato področje je temeljno področje dentalne medicine, zato je poznavanje anatomije, fiziologije, histologije in razvoja osnovnega pomena pri razumevanju zgradbe ter delovanja stomatognatega sistema. Za lažje razumevanje besedila je učbenik opremljen tudi s slikovnim gradivom. Prav tako so v učbeniku opisani primeri s klinične prakse, ki se navezujejo na obravnavano področje.
Unidades didácticas con realidad aumentada para la enseñanza de la administración
Authors: Díaz Aldana Ana Patricia , Camargo Morales Fabio , Angarita López Jhonn Jairo
Published: January 2025

Unidades didácticas con realidad aumentada para la enseñanza de la administración, es resultado del proyecto de investigación con SGI 2753 titulado “Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales”, el cual ofrece una aproximación general a
tres áreas del Programa de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Facultad Seccional Chiquinquirá (Introducción a la Administración, Fundamentos de Mercadeo y Administración de Personal), como parte del proceso de formación en ciencias administrativas.

La presente investigación, contribuirá de manera general, con los diferentes componentes de enseñanza – aprendizaje, como resultado del proceso científico y las experiencias en el campo administrativo, en el que se orienta el pensamiento crítico en la mente tanto de los estudiantes como de los docentes.

En este sentido, las Unidades Didácticas para la enseñanza de la administración, ostentan un conjunto de herramientas diseñadas, planificadas y organizadas, encaminadas a construir conocimientos para promover aprendizajes significativos durante el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje, para lo cual se proponen modelos constructivistas donde se puede acceder
al saber de forma más dinámica y productiva.

En consecuencia, el estudio realizado refleja la relevancia de la conexión entre la teoría y la praxis, en el que las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, la realidad aumentada y los instrumentos diseñados en las Unidades Didácticas brindan nuevas dinámicas y formas de enseñar y aprender.
Pathogenesis of canine leishmaniasis: diagnostic accuracy and experimental models targeting Leishmania lipid-bound vesicles
Authors: Gabriel Áurea Martins , Galvão Gilvando Rodrigues , Galué-Parra Adan , Neves Casseb Lívia Medeiros , Assunção Pereira Washington Luiz , Pedersen Ketil Winther , Figueira Aguiar Delia Cristina , Gonçalves Evonnildo Costa , da Silva Edilene Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Leishmania parasites often infect different host types over the course of their complex life cycle, and the interspecific correlations exist between traits expressed in natural reservoirs and potential new hosts or vectors. Comparable to other eukaryotes, Leishmania release extracellular vesicles that promote crucial interactions, modulating the subsequent systemic immune response to establish host infection, which seriously affects the health of humans and pets (dogs or cats). Recent studies in endemic areas of Brazil concluded that canine leishmaniases were predominantly due to Leishmania amazonensis and not restricted to Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi). Under these premises, the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis needs improvement, including the identification of the current etiological agent, clinical differential diagnosis, and histopathologic features. The study aims to achieve two main objectives: to present findings on natural canine infections and to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in companion animals. It also seeks to investigate the role of lipids in Leishmania extracellular vesicles (LEVs) in vitro, focusing on the emerging research area that explores the mechanisms and biological aspects of parasite–host interactions. In essence, the study aims to bridge gaps in our understanding of how lipids in LEVs influence parasite–host interactions, while emphasizing the significance of accurate diagnosis in companion animals. Therefore, future studies of parasitology research for both fields are important for advancing diagnostics, prognostics, and treatments, as well as addressing the ongoing global need for prevention, control, elimination, and eradication.
The Cyclic Model of the Universe: Bounded by Planck and Cosmic Scale
Authors: Ladhani Amrit
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a novel cyclic cosmological model characterized by finite Cosmic scales. The model posits that the universe undergoes cyclical epochs of expansion and contraction, bounded by a finite maximum spatial scale. Spacetime is considered to possess intrinsic dynamic properties, where matter accumulation induces spacetime shrinkage and generates potential energy. This stored energy subsequently drives a repulsive force, counteracting gravity and leading to cosmic expansion. The model incorporates fundamental constants to derive Cosmic scale and timescale, and analyzes phase transitions between deceleration and acceleration phases. Mathematical derivations describe expansion and contraction dynamics, including Hubble parameter variations. The model’s predictions will be compared with observational data, such as Type Ia supernovae measurements, to assess its consistency with observed cosmic acceleration without requiring the presence of dark energy.
The Space-Time Membrane Model: Unifying Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity through Elastic Membrane Dynamics
Authors: Swann Paul
Published: January 2025

We propose a Space-Time Membrane (STM) model that treats four-dimensional spacetime as an elastic membrane paired with a hypothetical “mirror” universe on its opposite side. Energy external to the membrane deforms it, producing gravitational curvature akin to General Relativity (GR), while energy distributed uniformly within the membrane remains curvature-neutral. Localised particle excitations manifest as oscillatory modes on one face, partnered with mirror antiparticles on the other. Although the STM model does not claim to replace established quantum field theory (QFT), it offers a complementary route to reconciling gravity and quantum phenomena: deterministic wave interactions can reproduce quantum-like interference and “entanglement analogues,” potentially seeded by small, persistent waves at sub-Planck scales.
A modified elastic wave equation—incorporating tension, bending stiffness, and spatially varying membrane properties—captures weak-field gravitational effects reminiscent of GR. Simultaneously, it supports stable standing waves analogous to quantum interference. Within this picture, photons emerge as “wave-plus-anti-wave” oscillations that remain massless, exhibit correct polarisation states, and respect U(1) gauge symmetry and Lorentz invariance. By tuning intrinsic coupling constants, time-averaged stiffness shifts can align with observed vacuum energy, offering insight into the cosmological constant.
Despite these promising features, the STM model remains speculative. Further theoretical and observational work is needed to clarify its relationship to standard physics and evaluate its quantitative predictions. As a geometric, deterministic perspective, it complements but does not supersede GR or QFT, suggesting pathways for future theoretical investigations and possible analogue experiments.
Is There a Relationship Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors?
Authors: Muluvhu Takalani Clearance , Hashona Tumisang Shadrack , Toriola Abel Lamina , Paul Yvonne , Monyeki Makama Andries
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study explores the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in metro police officers (MPOs) from a municipality in Gauteng province. Methods: A cross-sectional study includes 187 officers (116 males, 71 females) aged 23–63 years. Biochemical profiles, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP) are assessed. CRF is evaluated using a modified Harvard Step Test. Data are analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Results: Of the participants, 42% exhibit poor CRF, 35% are hypertensive, and 61% present with high fasting glucose (FG). Males demonstrate poorer CRF (51%) than females (28%), and 42% of females have very high-risk WC. CRF negatively correlates with BMI, WC, diastolic BP, and triglycerides (TG). Conclusion: Male metro POs reveal lower CRF than females. CRF is inversely associated with abdominal fat, diastolic BP, and TG, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.
Exploring the Prevalence of Learning Disabilities in a Communitysample of Children Using the GreekWeschler Intelligence Scalefor Children (WISC VGR)
Authors: Lioliou Stavroula , Pedioti Nektaria , Vagionaki Kyriaki , Kounali Vasiliki , Bitsakos Nikolaos , Pitsikaki Sofia , Papadakaki Maria
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of learning disabilities (LDs) and the emotional- behavioral difficulties in 208 children from Crete region in Greece, who voluntarily presented and evaluated by a university-based interdisciplinary team of mental health professionals. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition (WISC-V) was used with its 5 primary index scores and the Full scale IQ (Verbal Comprehension Index, VCI; Visual Spatial Index, VSI; Fluid Reasoning Index, FRI; Working Memory Index, WMI; Processing Speed, PCI). Five diagnostic categories were established for the purpose of analysis: (a) no LDs (TD group), (b) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), (c) Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDs), (d) Extremely Low IQ (below 79), and (e) Emotional/Behavioral difficulties. The results revealed 25.5% prevalence of SLDs, 18.75% ADHD, 8.65% severe LDs, 5.29% emotional/behavioral problems, suggesting that 58% of the study population struggle with some kind of difficulty. Statistically significant differences were observed between the “Extremely Low FSIQ” group and the “SLD”, the “ADHD” and the “TD” diagnostic groups in terms of the “VCI”, “FRI” and the “FSIQ” scale (p<.001). Likewise, the “Extremely Low FSIQ” group differed significantly from the “SLD”, and the “TD” groups in terms of the “VSI”, the WMI and the “PSI” (p<.001). “Behavioural/emotional” and “SLD” groups differed in terms of “VCI” and “Full scale IQ” (p<.001). The analysis indicates that children with severe learning difficulties differ from other groups in terms of their cognitive profiles and they need tailor-made educational programs and interventions in the typical classroom. The study offered comparative data from a community sample of children as well as generated initial evidence on the usability and the diagnostic accuracy of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition (WISC-V) from non-clinical settings. Further research is suggested. The present study was funded by the Crete Region; MIS 5162111
Development and Evaluation of a Multiple Detection System for Diagnosing Malaria and Other Blood Parasitic Diseases in Blood and Stool Samples from Humans and Non-Human Primates
Authors: Ceballos-Caro Ángela , Antón-Berenguer Víctor , Lanza Marta , Renelies-Hamilton Justin , Barciela Amanda , Köster Pamela C. , Carmena David , Flores-Chavez Maria , Chanove Emeline , Rubio José Miguel
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Many Tropical diseases such as Malaria, Chagas, Human African Trypanosomiasis, and Lymphatic filariasis coexist in endemic countries, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide, and are recognized as major global vector-borne diseases. Tackle this disease lies in a correct diagnosis, sensitive, specific, and fast. This study aims to describe and validate a new highly sensitive and specific multiple-analysis system that can effectively detect numerous etiological agents in a single test. Methods: A total of 230 human blood samples were evaluated retrospectively for parasite characterization and a total of 58 stool samples from Non-Human Primates (NHP). Results: The analytical specificity of the presented method was 100%, with no unspecific amplifications or cross-reactions with other blood parasitic diseases. The detection limit obtained was between 0.6 to 3.01 parasites/µl for Plasmodium species, 1,8 parasite/ml for Trypanosomatidae, and 2 microfilariae/ml in the case of Filariae. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and kappa coefficient reached almost 100%, except for the sensitivity for Filariae, which dropped to 93,9%, and its NPV to 89.5%. The operational features described a turnaround and a hands-on time notably shorter than the compared methods with a lower cost per essay. Conclusions: This work presents a cost-effective and highly sensitive multiplexed tool (RT-PCR-bp) capable of performing a simultaneous detection for blood parasitic diseases using specific fluorescence probes, enabling the diagnosis of low parasite loads and co-infections.
Association Between Postoperative Interleukin-6 Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Invasiveness of Surgery for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Onda Hidetaka , Kojima Mizuki , Miyake Nodoka , Shigeta Kenta , Tominaga Naoki , Yokobori Shoji
Published: January 2025

Background: Interleukin (IL)-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may reflect postoperative inflammation and affect the outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed CSF IL-6 levels on the first postoperative day in 77 patients with SAH treated by craniotomy or endovascular coiling within 12 h of diagnosis. IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared between treatment groups. Associations with cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcomes were evaluated by multiple regression analysis.
Results: The median IL-6 level in CSF was 10,501 pg/mL [interquartile range 3,037.8, 43,118.5] and was significantly lower in the endovascular group than in the craniotomy group (p < 0.001). In the craniotomy group, the IL-6 level was higher in patients with involvement of the anterior communicating artery than in those with aneurysm at other sites (p = 0.008). Cerebral vasospasm was identified in 13.0% of cases and was associated with elevated IL-6 (p = 0.003). Higher IL-6 levels were correlated with unfavorable outcomes (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Elevated IL-6 levels in CSF on postoperative day 1 were associated with cerebral vasospasm and worse outcomes in patients with SAH. Endovascular treatment resulted in lower IL-6 levels, suggesting that minimally invasive methods may reduce inflammation and improve the prognosis. Regulating IL-6 could be a potential therapeutic strategy in SAH management.
A Qualitative Exploration on Artificial Intelligence and Renewable Energy Integration in Supply Chains
Authors: Roberts Olivia
Published: January 2025

This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within renewable energy supply chains, examining its impact on operational efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. As the world transitions toward sustainable energy sources, the role of AI in optimizing supply chain processes has gained significant attention. Through qualitative research involving in-depth interviews with industry experts, the study identifies key themes related to AI's contributions, including enhanced forecasting accuracy, improved resource allocation, and real-time decision-making capabilities. The findings highlight that AI not only reduces operational costs but also increases the adaptability of supply chains to fluctuations in energy demand and external disruptions. Furthermore, the study emphasizes AI’s role in promoting sustainability by facilitating emissions reductions, waste minimization, and supporting circular economy initiatives. Despite these advantages, challenges such as high implementation costs, lack of standardization, ethical concerns regarding data privacy, and a shortage of skilled personnel persist, potentially hindering widespread adoption. The research underscores the necessity for organizations to proactively address these challenges through strategic investments in training and the establishment of clear standards for AI integration. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into the transformative potential of AI in renewable energy supply chains, suggesting that its successful implementation can lead to significant improvements in operational performance and contribute to a more sustainable energy landscape. By leveraging AI technologies, organizations can enhance their competitiveness while actively participating in the global effort toward a cleaner and more efficient energy future.
Development of SSR Markers and Construction of a Genetic Linkage Map in Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)
Authors: Georgieva Pavlina , Rusanov Krasimir , Rusanova Mila , Kitanova Meglena , Atanassov Ivan
Published: January 2025

In spite of the increasing industrial cultivation of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and developed genomic resources, no genetic map has been reported for lavender or other Lavandula species. Here we present the development of a set of SSR markers and the construction of the first genetic linkage map of L. angustifolia following the genotyping with SSR and SRAP markers of a segregating population obtained by self-pollination of the industrial variety Hemus. The resulting genetic map comprises 25 linkage groups /LGs/ corresponding to the chromosome number of the lavender reference genome. The map includes 375 loci covering a total of 2518,9 cM. The average marker distance in the established map is 7,05 cM. The number of markers on each LG ranges from 9 to 26, with an average number of 15. The orders of SSR loci in most of the LGs aligns well with the order of SSR loci in the reference genome. The overall comparison of the LG maps and reference chromosome sequences shows that the LG maps cover between 49,2% and 99,4% of the chromosome sequences, with an average of 84,4% per chromosome. The PCR amplification of genomic DNA from L. angustifolia var. Hidcote Blue, L. latifolia and the intersectional hybrid L. × heterophylla var. Big Boy James suggests that the developed SSR marker set possesses high intra-species (> 93%) and inter-species (> 78%) transferability and could be successfully applied in various genetic diversity studies, the development of integrated maps and an anchor SSR set for the genus Lavandula.
Selenium Biofortification as a Sustainable Solution to Combat Global Selenium Malnutrition
Authors: Ranawake Lanka , Seneweera Saman , Pathirana Ranjith
Published: January 2025

Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is critical for the maintenance of human health. It has a significant impact on immune function and is effective in the prevention of several metabolic-related illnesses. Furthermore, Se deficiency affects millions worldwide, particularly in regions such as China, Eastern Europe, and Africa. This review examines the current knowledge in Se biofortification, specifically focusing on the Se application to plants and soils, the mechanism of Se uptake and utilization, genetic variation in Se accumulation, and genetic modification to achieve high biofortification targets. Data from many studies show substantial increases in the Se levels in biofortified crops. For instance, foliar application of Se-enriched fertilizers increased Se concentration in wheat by 42-67 µg/kg and in corn by 19-36 µg/kg. Se biofortification in rice showed Se content variations ranging from 5 to 1370 ng/g, with a substantial increase observed from Se-rich soils. The qualitative analysis demonstrates that public health is improved when people have access to fortified cereals and pulses. There are many economic benefits that lead to a reduction in healthcare costs and increased productivity. Despite these promising outcomes, many challenges remain to overcome. Our findings suggest that future research should focus on developing uniform distribution of Se in major agricultural crops, optimizing the bioavailability of the nutrients and developing consumer acceptance. Furthermore, refining biofortification techniques to deliver Se into the edible parts, particularly to the grain in cereals, exploring the genetic basis of Se uptake in crops, and developing public health policies to support widespread adoption is essential. Se biofortification of agriculturally important crops is the main strategy to combat global Se malnutrition, which will have significant economic and health benefits. Continued multidisciplinary research and policy support are essential to realize this target ensuring global food and nutrient security in the long term.
Societies in the Decline of Human Faculty: Epistemology and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Penzance Isaac
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence in the context of human faculty is to consider a labor-specific replacement – however one entirely reliant on the social construct of technology and of a manufactured optimality – that serves a reduction in human actions related to a concept of value, while pushing humanity towards its singular creative trait of the original that has supported the innate development of a biologically unnecessary mode of the society. This article reconceptualises History as the product of a Gramscian Hegemony that composes and must – via Hegelian Dialectics – decompose in accordance with Artificial Intelligence’s diminishing of human surplus value in “repetitive” labour tasks.
Adapting to Extremes: Seasonal Activity Patterns of Captive Arabian Sand Gazelle (Gazella marica) in Qatar
Authors: Mahmood Nima , Khattak Romaan Hayat , Nawaz Muhammad Ali
Published: January 2025

Arabian sand gazelle (Gazella marica) is a native and highly adaptable species of the Arabian Peninsula. Due to drastic population declines the species is enlisted vulnerable globally. Very little is known about the behavioral ecology of this species in captivity, therefore this study was designed to investigate the seasonal variations in the activity patterns of Arabian sand gazelle at Al-Reem Biosphere Reserve, Qatar. Data was collected in two phases i.e. summer (in between September-October, 2021) and winter (in between December 2021–January 2022), for a total of 16 days. Results revealed that feeding and walking (p = 0.001) were the dominant activities in both seasons, yet higher in summer as compared to winter. Likewise standing, laying down and other activities (social interactions, defecating, maintenance, sexual behaviors) were also higher in summer as compared to winter. All these findings suggest that Arabian sand gazelles are adaptable to the harsh environments and confined facilities. However, we strongly recommend a round the year investigation on the impacts of humans, feed types and Arabian oryx on the behavioral activities of Arabian sand gazelles. In addition we suggest studying the behavior ecology of the wild scattered populations of Arabian sand gazelles for better management of captive breeding stocks.
Spatial Gene Expression of Human Coronary Arteries Revealed the Molecular Features of Diffuse Intimal Thickening in Explanted Hearts
Authors: Li Boaz , Leung Samuel , Elishaev Maria , Cheng Wan-Hei , Mocci Giuseppe , Björkegren Johan L.M. , Lai Chi , Singh Amrit , Wang Ying
Published: January 2025

Diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) is a pre-clinical stage of atherosclerosis characterized by thickened intima. The molecular basis of its susceptibility to atherogenesis is unknown, and mechanistic investigations cannot be performed in commonly used mouse models, in which DIT does not exist. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the predominant cell type that occupies the intima and media of DIT. The molecular differences between these two layers may reveal the earliest phenotypic changes in SMCs to promote atherosclerosis. We benchmarked the RNA quality of human coronary arteries from autopsies (n=7) and freshly explanted hearts (n=7) and performed Visium spatial gene expression on tissue sections with DIT. Although autopsy samples met the RNA quality standard for Visium (DV200 ≥ 30%), only arteries from freshly explanted hearts exhibited reliable sequencing performance. Genes enriched in TGF-β-mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix were overrepresented in the intima. SMCs enriched in the intima are dedifferentiated, but unlike those in the atherosclerotic lesions, they are not proinflammatory. Our findings indicate that autopsy samples are not ideal to distinguish subtle differences among cell phenotypes. SMCs in thickened intima may lead to lipid retention but not necessarily the onset of atherosclerosis.
A Novel Digital PCR Assay for Accurate Detection and Differentiation of Focal and Non-Focal Subtypes of MET Amplification in Lung Cancer
Authors: Shek Raymond C.M. , Li Peggy S.N. , Leung Shelley C.M. , Chu H.T. , Hioe F. , Tang Victor W.L. , Lui Y.H. , Lam Larry R.S. , Ng Joshua H.Y. , Wong Raiden T.S. , Yau Miranda C.Y. , Lam Jimmy Y.W. , Siu Gilman K.H.
Published: January 2025

Mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) gene amplification is a critical biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), significantly influencing treatment decisions and prognostic evaluations. However, current detection methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have limitations in speed, cost, and specificity, particularly when distinguishing between focal MET amplification and MET polysomy.
This study introduces a novel digital PCR (dPCR) assay designed not only to detect MET amplification but also to differentiate between its focal and non-focal subtypes. The assay was evaluated against established FISH and targeted NGS panels using 55 NSCLC samples with known MET amplification statuses (26 positive and 29 negative) confirmed by FISH and NGS. The dPCR assay demonstrated high sensitivity (96.0%) and specificity (96.7%), achieving 100% concordance with FISH in differentiating focal MET amplification from MET polysomy. Additionally, the assay exhibited excellent precision, accuracy, and linearity (R² = 1.00) in MET copy number quantification, surpassing NGS in diagnostic performance.
Offering a robust, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to FISH, the dPCR assay significantly reduces turnaround time (3 hours versus 2 days) and provides a quantitative and objective method for MET amplification detection and subtype differentiation. This makes it suitable for clinical laboratories with limited molecular expertise. This study highlights the potential of the dPCR assay to complement existing molecular diagnostic techniques, delivering reliable and actionable results for MET-targeted therapy selection in NSCLC patients and thereby advancing precision oncology.
Psychometric Characteristics of Smartphone-Based Gait Analysis in Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bea Tobias , Chaabene Helmi , Freitag Constantin W , Schega Lutz
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic health conditions frequently result in gait disturbances, impacting quality of life and mobility. Smartphone-based gait analysis has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional methods, offering accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and portability. This systematic review evaluates the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of smartphone-based inertial measurement units for assessing gait parameters in individuals with chronic conditions. Methods: A comprehensive literature search in Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SportDiscus identified 54 eligible studies. Results: Validity was evaluated in 70% of the included studies, with results showing moderate-to-strong associations between smartphone apps and gold-standard systems (e.g., Xsens), particularly for parameters such as gait speed and stride length (e.g., r = 0.42–0.97). However, variability was evident across studies depending on the health condition, measurement protocols, and device placement. Reliability, examined in only 27% of the included studies, displayed a similar trend, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from moderate (ICC = 0.53) to excellent (ICC = 0.95) for spatiotemporal parameters. Sensitivity and specificity metrics were explored in 41% and 35% of the included studies, respectively, with several applications achieving over 90% accuracy in detecting gait abnormalities. Feasibility was rated positively in 94% of the included studies, emphasizing the practical advantages of smartphones in diverse settings. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this systematic review underscore the clinical potential of smartphones for remote and real-world gait analysis, while highlighting the need for standardized methodologies. Future research should adopt a more comprehensive approach to psychometric evaluation, ensuring that reliability aspects are adequately explored. Additionally, long-term studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of smartphone-based technologies in supporting personalized treatment and proactive management of chronic conditions.