bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gross Domestic Problem
Authors: fioramonti lorenzo
Published: January 2021

Gross domestic product is arguably the best-known statistic in the contemporary world, and certainly amongst the most powerful. It drives government policy and sets priorities in a variety of vital social fields - from schooling to healthcare. Yet for perhaps the first time since it was invented in the 1930s, this popular icon of economic growth has come to be regarded by a wide range of people as a ‘problem’. After all, does our quality of life really improve when our economy grows 2 or 3 per cent? Can we continue to sacrifice the environment to safeguard a vision of the world based on the illusion of infinite economic growth?

Lorenzo Fioramonti takes apart the ‘content’ of GDP - what it measures, what it doesn‘t and why - and reveals the powerful political interests that have allowed it to dominate today's economies. In doing so, he demonstrates just how little relevance GDP has to moral principles such as equity, social justice and redistribution, and shows that an alternative is possible, as evinced by the ‘de-growth’ movement and initiatives such as transition towns.

A startling insight into the politics of a number that has come to dominate our everyday lives.
Efecto Bioprotector de Micorrizas Arbusculares en la Reducción de Roya (Hemileia vastatrix) en la Región San Martín
Authors: Vallejos Torres Geomar , Saboya Pisco Anabel , Arevalo Lopez Luis Alberto
Published: January 2021

La roya es un problema generalizado que ha afectado a diferentes países de América Latina, generando pérdidas económicas en los productores cafetaleros. Se evaluó el efecto de los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA), sobre la presencia de roya (Hemileia vastatrix) en plantas de café. Se empleó un Diseño Completamente al Azar con dos factores: fuentes de inóculo  HMA e Inoculación de roya, incluyendo  tratamiento testigos (absoluto e infestado); se usó como sustrato tierra agrícola y arena (2:1); se inoculó plantas de café con 1 500 esporas  de HMA procedente de Rioja, Lamas, Dorado y Huallaga, posteriormente se inóculo con esporas de roya; se evaluaron altura de planta, área foliar, biomasa seca y aérea, incidencia, severidad,  colonización micorrízica y longitud de micelio extraradical. Los resultados mostraron que los tratamientos inoculados con HMA presentaron mejoras incrementos en morfología, micorrización y menor incidencia y severidad a roya.
CREATION OF SETTLEMENT EFFECTIVE PROTECTION FROM WILDFIRES
Authors: КРЕКТУНОВ А.А. , ПАНИН И.А. , ЗАРУБИНА Л.В. , РАХИМЖАНОВ А.Н.
Published: January 2021

В связи с выходом новых правил пожарной безопасности в лесах проанализированы вопросы защиты населения и объектов экономики от природных пожаров. В работе на основании литературных данных и материалов собственных исследований авторов предпринята попытка анализа эффективности спосо- бов обнаружения лесных пожаров, противопожарных профилактических мероприятий и противопожар- ного устройства территории вокруг населенных пунктов и объектов экономики.
Особое внимание уделено необходимости создания вокруг населенных пунктов и объектов экономи- ки такой системы противопожарного устройства, которая обеспечила бы остановку любого природного пожара вне зависимости от его интенсивности и скорости продвижения.
Подчеркивается необходимость укомплектования пунктов сосредоточения пожарного инвентаря и противопожарных формирований всем необходимым оборудованием и инструментами для эффектив- ного тушения лесных пожаров. Отмечается условие обязательного обучения всех лиц, привлекаемых к обнаружению и тушению лесных пожаров, правилам выполнения работ и требованиям санитарной безопасности.

In connection with the release of new ﬁ re safety rules in forests, the issues of population and economic facilities protecting from ﬁ res are analyzed. In this work on the base of literature data and authors own research, an attempt was made to analyze the effectiveness of methods for detecting forest ﬁ res, ﬁ re prevention, preventive measures and ﬁ re – ﬁ ghting equipment of the territory around settlements and economic objects.
Special attention is paid to the need to create such a ﬁ re system around settlements and economic facilities that waned ensure the stop of any natural ﬁ re regardless of its intensity and speed of advance.
The need to equip the ﬁ re ﬁ ghting equipment and ﬁ re ﬁ ghting units with all necessary equipment and tools is emphasized as well for effective extinguishing forest ﬁ res/ The requirements of compulsory training of all reasons involved in detecting and extinguishing forest ﬁ res in the rules for performing work and sanitary safety requirements are noted.
THE ASESSMENT OF THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF AIR TEMPERATURE OF AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE URALS AND WESTERN SIBERIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH-EARLY 21TH CENTURIES WITH THE USE OF REANALYSIS
Authors: ФОМИН В.В. , УНДЕРСКИХ М.Г.
Published: January 2021

Проведен анализ пространственно-временной динамики приземной среднегодовой температуры воздуха на территории Урала и Западной Сибири по данным 92 метеостанций и реанализов ERA-20С и CERA-20С за период с 1961 по 2010 гг. Установлено, что значения коэффициента корреляции за исследуемый временной промежуток между данными инструментальных метеонаблюдений и данными реанализов ERA-20С и CERA-20С лежат в интервалах 0,81–0,97 и 0,86–0,98 соответственно. Данные по температуре воздуха реанализа CERA-20С лучше согласуются со значениями температуры, полученными на метеостанциях, по сравнению с данными реанализа ERA-20C. В южной части района исследований коэффициенты корреляции ниже, чем в регионах, расположенных севернее. В целом данные реанализа CERA-20C целесообразно использовать при проведении исследований, связанных с климатической изменчивостью и региональным изменением климата Урала и Западной Сибири на участках, находящихся на удалении от метеостанций.

The analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the mean annual air temperature in the Urals and Western Siberia on the basis of data of 92 weather stations and reanalysis ERA-20C and CERA-20C for the period from 1961 to 2010 was implemented. It was found that the values of the correlation coeffi cients for the studied time interval between the meteorological data and the data of reanalysis ERA-20C and CERA-20C lie in the intervals
of 0,81–0,97 and 0,86–0,98, respectively. The reanalysis of CERA20C is in better agreement with the data obtained at weather stations compared to the reanalysis of ERA20C. In the southern part of the research area, the correlation coeffi cients are lower than in the regions located to the North. In general, data of the CERA-20C. Reanalysis should be used for studies related to climate variability and regional climate change in the Urals and Western Siberia at sites located at a signifi cant distance from weather stations.
Surveillance et mise en application de la loi par les écogardes dans le Domaine de chasse de la Lwama-Kivu : un outil simple de collecte de données pour l’efficacité des aires protégées dans la conservation de la biodiversité à l’Est de la RD Congo.
Authors: K. Wilondja Benjamin , K. Mubalama Léonard , K. Kasiwa Jean Petit
Published: January 2021

Central Africa has the second largest tropical rainforest in the world. These forests contain a great diversity in terms of their fauna and flora. Despite this diversity, both in forest and savannah areas, several threats weigh on them to the point of making these habitats vulnerable. This is especially the demographic explosion and poverty, the abusive exploitation of natural resources and sometimes the low existence of surveillance personnel of protected areas coupled with the manifest scarcity of funds allocated to the surveillance of their physical integrity.Effective management of DCLK depends on information on legal habitat use by humans, ecological and behavioral needs of key species, and trends in resource availability and ecological processes. To achieve this, a ranger-based surveillance system, using basic protocols for data collection that guide protected area staff in site management was adopted. This program was launched in 2012 and allowed the collection of detailed information on illegal activities, the main species of key flora and fauna of the DCLK. Law enforcement oversight by environmental guards is a simple and cost-effective tool that can be maintained in the DCLK as well as other protected areas in DR Congo with limited external support. It provides fleet managers with information that encourages them to react appropriately to threats weighing on the ecosystem. This information about the distribution of illegal activity determines targeted patrol coverage to address specific threats. The system's bottom-up approach to ranger enforcement includes a strong capacity building component and empowers field staff in park management activities.
Analysis of Full Time Driver Grab Income Comparison and City Minimum Wage (Case Study in Medan City)
Authors: M. Siahaan Audrey , N. Siahaan Mei Diana , H. Sianipar Victor , Simanjuntak Oloan
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the income of fulltime Grab drivers above or below the UMK applicable in Medan City. Based on the attachment to the Decree of the North Sumatra Governor in Decree Number 188.44 / 674 / KPTS / 2019 to determine the Provincial Minimum Wage and become a reference for determining the City Minimum Wage, the 2020 Medan City Minimum Wage is determined based on the Provincial Minimum Wage reference of IDR 3,222,556.This type of research is a case study conducted in the city of Medan. This study uses primary data in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data in the form of regulations on the official Grab website. The questionnaire was given to 60 Grab drivers who were at the grab station. The data analysis method used is descriptive comparative method. The results showed that the net income received by fulltime Grab drivers was above the UMK prevailing in Medan City.
The Role of Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on Work Motivation in a Regional Government Employees
Authors: Junaedi Apid , Sunaryo Widodo , Notosudjono Didik
Published: January 2021

This research is motivated by the idea that the motivation of local government employees is needed to be able to produce service performance to the community in the context of bureaucratic reform to realize good governance. The purpose of this study was tofind the influence of organizational culture and transformational leadership on employee motivation in a regional government, using the path analysis method. The sample in this study was153 echelon IV employees / supervisory officials.The results found the fact that organizational culture has a significant effect on employee motivation. Meanwhile, transformational leadership does not influence employee work motivation.
Reducing the alloy thickness of base metal ceramic restorations
Authors: Le Roux Andre Rayne
Published: January 2021

Reduction in base metal alloy thickness will permit additional porcelain depth and improved aesthetics but unfortunately little information exists regarding the thickness to which base metal alloys may be reduced in comparison to noble metal alloys for metal ceramic restorations. Even with comparison of noble metal alloys the aesthetic benefits are restricted to improving aesthetics in base metal restoration further, since noble metal alloys are generally regarded as providing superior aesthetics to base metal restorative alloys. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether a significant reduction in thickness could be achieved using a base metal alloy as compared to a noble metal alloy and the thickness to which base metal alloy substructures could safely be reduced while still providing the same resistance to fracture of the porcelain. Material and methods: Tensile strength tests (N) of the modulus of rupture of the porcelain were performed on 40 base metal alloy (Wiron 99, Bego, Germany) and 12 noble metal alloy rectangular specimens (5.8 mm wide and 15.0 mm long) bonded to a standardized 1.0 mm thickness of dentine Creation porcelain. The base metal alloy thickness varied in 0.1mm increments from 0.1 to 0.4 mm. The results were compared to 12 noble metal alloy (Bio Y 81, Argen, South Africa) specimens of recommended minimum thickness (0.3 mm). Data for the results was obtained using a universal tensile testing instrument, which was set to operate at a cross head speed of 0.5mm (Instron Mini 44, Instron corporation U.S.A). The applied force (N) that measured the modulus of rupture of each specimen was printed from a computer connected to the Instron Mini 44 that operated on a 95% level of confidence. Instron Agents (Durban, South Africa) performed the calibration and setting up of the machine prior to testing the specimens. Results: The results indicated a permissible 33.33% reduction in the base metal alloy specimens as compared to the noble metal alloy control specimens. This was deduced from the reduction in alloy thickness of up to 0.2 mm for base metal alloy specimens as compared to the 0.3 mm noble metal alloy specimens. The recommended thickness to which the base metal alloys could be reduced without distortion of the alloy was also 0.2 mm. The one-way ANOVA showed a level of significance of (α=05).
Strategi Pembelajaran Partisipatif pada Proses Penyelenggaraan Program Paket C di Kabupaten Wajo
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni , Nasir Muhammad , Herlina Besse
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini menelusuri bagaimana perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi dalam pembelajaran partisipatif pada penyelenggaraan program paket C di Kabupaten Wajo dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif serta metode studi kasus. Adapun teknik dalam mengumpulkan data adalah: observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Analisis data meliputi tahap: koleksi data, penyederhanaan data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa strategi pembelajaran partisipatif pada proses penyelenggaraan program paket C di Kabupaten wajo meliputi: 1) Tahap perencanaan, mengidentifikasi semua unsur-unsur yang menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat/warga belajar baik sebelum dimulai program maupun dalam pelaksanaan program yang menjadi sumber belajar bersama; 2) Tahap pelaksanaan, menyiapkan berbagai materi-materi sesuai dengan kebutuhan warga belajar, materi tentang sejarah, motivasi kehidupan, bahkan pengalaman. Hal ini bertujuan untuk membagun kembali memori warga belajar yang telah diperoleh selama mengikuti program paket C dan menginterpretasikan pengetahuan sebelumnya dan penyelenggara mengaitkan pengalaman peserta paket C dengan pengalamannya sebagai pegetahuan awal; 3)Tahap penilaian, semua yang menjadi sumber belajar bertujuan memotivasi warga belajar untuk melakukan analisis baik kekurangan dan kelebihan dalam pelaksanaan program paket C, baik yang berupa pengalaman terutama terhadap keterampilan yang telah dimiliki di dalam tugas sebenarnya atau dalam dunia kehidupanya.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hasyda Suryadin
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPA pada peserta didik melalui model pembelajaran discovery kelas IV SD Inpres Watumoto. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari beberapa siklus yang saling berkaitan, dan model yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah  model Kemis dan Mc Tagart yang terdiri dari beberapa tahap yakni  perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Dimana tindakan dan pengamatan dilaksanakan secara bersama. Apabila siklus pertama belum mencapai tujuan yang ditargetkan maka dilanjutkan dengan siklus kedua yaitu perbaikan rencana, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD Inpres Watumoto. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian adalah tes dan non tes. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi untuk memperoleh data keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan tes prestasi belajar IPA. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dalam penelitian tindakan kelas bahwa hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa  metode pembelajaran discovery dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar peserta didik, hal ini dilihat dari hasil observasi aktivitas peserta didik siklus I mencapai rata-rata 72,38 dan siklus ke II dengan nilai rata-rata 83,69. Sedangkan test prestasi belajar peserta didik siklus I dengan presentase ketuntasan 60% dan siklus ke II 100% dengan catatan tuntas secara klasikal. Nilai tertinggi yang diperoleh peserta didik adalah 100 dan nilai terendah 70 dengan nilai rata-rata 84,61%. Oleh sebab itu, pelaksanaan penelitian dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran discovery diakhiri pada siklus II. Jadi, melalui penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan menerapkannya metode pembelajaran discovery, terbukti dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas IV yang hasil tes prestasi belajar tuntas atau memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM).
Program Kesehatan Dan Keselamatan Kerja Di Atas Kapal
Authors: Hendrawan Andi
Published: January 2021

Keselamatan kerja telah menjadi perhatian di antara pemerintah dan bisnis sejak lama. Faktor keselamatan kerja menjadi penting karena terkait erat dengan kinerja karyawan dan pada gilirannya pada kinerja perusahaan. Semakin banyak fasilitas keselamatan kerja, semakin sedikit kemungkinan kecelakaan kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di kapal sebagai bagian dari manajemen. Program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, antara lain; penyuluhan, pelatihan, pemeriksaan kesehatan dan alat pelindung diri (APD). Metode penelitian yang digunakan didasarkan pada meta-analisis artikel konseling dan pelatihan yang dilakukan untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang K3. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dicapai dengan penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Peningkatan peng getahuan dan ketrampilan menjadi tujuan utama dalam program pelatihan dan penyuluhan. Pada umunya pada industri perlayaran APD sudah tercukupi dikarena mereka berusaha memenuhi aturan yang sangat ketat
COMPARISON SPIRAL PIPE WITH ROUND PIPE FOR HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER GAS TURBINE
Authors: Thamrin Ismail , Novaldo K
Published: January 2021

The increasing need for energy requires finding alternative energy. Sawdust is wate but can be utilised as alternative energy. The sawdust is used as a boiler fuel called biomass. However, the utilization of sawdust as a boiler fuel is considered less effective. Presumably heat and mass transfer of steam for boiler system using spiral pipes. Since the length of steam distribution becomes long so that the heat transfer from boiler to pipes takes a long time. Thus, this study examines the effect of spiral pipes for the heat transfer process for boilers, where the steam is supplied to rotate the turbines (generate electricity). Based on initially study, the boiler system performance using spiral pipe is better than round pipe.
Cobertura y niveles de intervención de los manglares del Pacífico chocoano
Authors: Klinger Brahan William
Published: January 2021

Los manglares son un grupo de ecosistemas en los que agua, fondo y raíces sirven de soporte a diversas comunidades con diferentes grados de tolerancia a la salinidad. Para determinar la superficie cubierta por este tipo de ecosistemas en los municipios que conforman la costa Pacífica chocoana (Juradó, Bahía Solano, Nuquí, Bajo Baudó y Litoral del San Juan) y establecer los niveles de intervención de los mismos, se utilizaron imágenes de satélite que se corroboraron con trabajo de campo, también dirigido al conocimiento de los grados de intervención que sufre el ecosistema mediante el establecimiento de una calificación de acuerdo con el porcentaje de área afectada. Se encontró que la mayor cobertura de manglares en la costa Pacífica chocoana se encuentra en los municipios del Bajo Baudó y Litoral del San Juan (85%) y que el estado de conservación de los natales es cercano a 73%, aunque en Bahía Solano se presentan altos grados de intervención (100%). Se concluyó que en nueve años transcurridos entre 1997 y 2005, el Pacífico chocoano sufrió una pérdida de 36% de su ecosistema de manglar, que equivale a la desapa- rición 2603.8 ha/año, lo que denota la necesidad de establecer medidas de control que permitan detener el avance del daño.
Caracterización fisicoquímica del aceite de milpesos y evaluación de alternativas tecnológicas para mejorar su aprovechamiento en las comunidades de La Plata, Málaga, Buenaventura
Authors: Arboleda Montaño Nixon
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo registra los principales resultados del estudio de alterna- tivas tecnológicas sostenibles para mejorar los procesos de aprovechamiento de las palmas de milpesos en la comunidad de La Plata, Bahía Málaga, Buenaventura, presentando en primer lugar los principales usos que en la zona estudiada se le da a la palma de milpesos; se establecen las características y usos del aceite de milpesos, tratando fundamentalmente lo relacionado con su composición de los ácidos grasos y sus propiedades físico-químicas; se hace mención al proceso de extracción tradicional de aceite de palma de milpesos, desarrollando sus diez fases; además, se presenta una evaluación de la técnica tradicional de extracción de aceite. Se comparan los métodos físico (con despulpado mecánico y extracción de aceite por prensado) y químico (utilizan- do solvente), para luego realizar una evaluación teniendo en cuenta los factores ambiental, socio-cultural, económico y técnico-operativo; finalmente, se desa- rrolla el método físico (con despulpado mecánico y extracción de aceite por prensado) porque de acuerdo con la evaluación realizada se determinó que es el más apropiado para mejorar el sistema tradicional de extracción de aceite en el área de estudio.
Assimilating synthetic Biogeochemical-Argo and ocean colour observations into a global ocean model to inform observing system design
Authors: Ford David
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A set of observing system simulation experiments was performed.
This assessed the impact on global ocean biogeochemical reanalyses of assimilating chlorophyll from remotely sensed ocean colour and in situ observations of chlorophyll, nitrate, oxygen, and pH from a proposed array of Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats.
Two potential BGC-Argo array distributions were tested: one for which biogeochemical sensors are placed on all current Argo floats and one for which biogeochemical sensors are placed on a quarter of current Argo floats.
Assimilating BGC-Argo data greatly improved model results throughout the water column.
This included surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), which is an important output of reanalyses.
In terms of surface chlorophyll, assimilating ocean colour effectively constrained the model, with BGC-Argo providing no added benefit at the global scale.
The vertical distribution of chlorophyll was improved by assimilating BGC-Argo data.
Both BGC-Argo array distributions gave benefits, with greater improvements seen with more observations.
From the point of view of ocean reanalysis, it is recommended to proceed with development of BGC-Argo as a priority.
The proposed array of 1000 floats will lead to clear improvements in reanalyses, with a larger array likely to bring further benefits.
The ocean colour satellite observing system should also be maintained, as ocean colour and BGC-Argo will provide complementary benefits.
Hydrometeorological dataset of West Siberian boreal peatland: a 10-year record
from the Mukhrino field station
Authors: Dyukarev Egor , Filippova Nina , Karpov Dmitriy , Shnyrev Nikolay , Zarov Evgeny , Filippov Ilya , Voropay Nadezhda , Avilov Vitaly , Artamonov Arseniy , Lapshina Elena
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Northern peatlands represent one of the largest carbon pools in the biosphere but the carbon they store is increasingly vulnerable to perturbations from climate and land-use change. Meteorological observations taken directly at peatland areas in Siberia are unique and rare, while peatlands are characterized by a specific local climate. This paper presents a hydrological and meteorological dataset collected at the Mukhrino peatland, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia, over the period of 8 May 2010 to 31 December 2019. Hydrometeorological data were collected from stations located at a small pine-shrub-Sphagnum ridge and Scheuchzeria-Sphagnum hollow at ridge–hollow complexes of ombrotrophic peatland. The monitored meteorological variables include air temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, incoming and reflected photosynthetically active radiation, net radiation, soil heat flux, precipitation (rain) and snow depth. A gap-filling procedure based on the Gaussian process regression model with an exponential kernel was developed to obtain continuous time series. For the record from 2010 to 2019, the average mean annual air temperature at the site was −1.0 °C, with the mean monthly temperature of the warmest month (July) recorded as 17.4 °C and for the coldest month (January) −21.5 °C. The average net radiation was about 35.0 W m−2, and the soil heat flux was 2.4 and 1.2 W m−2 for the hollow and the ridge sites, respectively. The presented data are freely available through Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/record/4323024, last access: 15 December 2020) and can be used in coordination with other hydrological and meteorological datasets to examine the spatio‐temporal effects of meteorological conditions on local hydrological responses across cold regions.
At which timescale does the complementary principle perform best in evaporation estimation?
Authors: Wang Liming , Han Songjun , Tian Fuqiang
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The complementary principle has been widely used to estimate evaporation
under different conditions. However, it remains unclear at which timescale
the complementary principle performs best. In this study, evaporation
estimations were conducted at 88 eddy covariance (EC) monitoring sites at
multiple timescales (daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly) by using sigmoid
and polynomial generalized complementary functions. The results indicate
that the generalized complementary functions exhibit the highest skill in
estimating evaporation at the monthly scale. The uncertainty analysis shows
that this conclusion is not affected by ecosystem type or energy balance
closure method. Through comparisons at multiple timescales, we found that
the slight difference between the two generalized complementary functions
only exists when the independent variable (x) in the functions approaches 1.
The results differ for the two models at daily and weekly scales. However,
such differences vanish at monthly and annual timescales, with few high x
values occurring. This study demonstrates the applicability of generalized
complementary functions across multiple timescales and provides a reference
for choosing a suitable time step for evaporation estimations in relevant
studies.
Las bebidas carbonatadas, el agua embotellada y las prácticas publicitarias. Incidencia de la comunicación persuasiva en el consumo del agua potable
Authors: Amaya Preciado Renato
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo describe y establece cuáles fueron los principales argumentos usados en campañas de publicidad persuasiva local de Bogotá entre los periodos comprendidos de 1910 a 2010, alrededor del consumo bebidas carbonatadas que influenciaron e incentivaron el consumo de agua en presentación de botella. Para tal efecto, se ilustran en una línea de tiempo los factores  sociales, culturales y publicitarios que marcaron los cambios en el consumo de agua de la llave, vista inicialmente como recurso público, hasta llegar a su consumo preferente en botella aceptado como producto de intercambio comercial.
Análisis de Colombiana: la bebida como representación de un país y una cultura
Authors: Cortés-Pardo Ingrid Paola , Castellanos Ordóñez Germán
Published: January 2021

La publicidad con el propósito de cumplir sus objetivos de branding y de marketing (generar conocimiento, recordación de marca, preferencia de marca e intención de compra) hace uso de una variedad de estrategias; una de ellas es la construcción de marca a través de relatos de territorio. Este es el caso de Colombiana, una bebida gaseosa que nació en 1921 y que ha mantenido esta estrategia durante muchos años. Este artículo presenta el seguimiento a la estrategia de comunicación de la bebida Colombiana a través de su historia, mediante una recopilación de los avisos publicitarios y comerciales de la marca, cruzando esta información con hechos históricos del país. Se encontró evidencia de la influencia que el entorno ha ejercido en la comunicación de la marca, así como su acompañamiento y apoyo a los diferentes momentos que ha vivido el país. Esta estrategia de branding, además de aportar representaciones de aspectos culturales del país, genera un vínculo relacional con la marca y con el espacio geográfico y ancla la narración de marca a una construcción mitológica del país. La estrategia de relato de territorio también ha contribuido a que el consumidor se identifique con valores, costumbres y estilos de vida nacionales representados en la publicidad.
La educación de las Vanguardias: entre el arte y el diseño
Authors: Báscones Reina Noelia
Published: January 2021

El juego del arte. Pedagogías, arte y diseño se presenta como un «relato» que visibiliza la repercusión que han tenido los modelos pedagógicos surgidos en el siglo XIX y sus novedosas pedagogíase indaga sobre las posibles conexiones entre los nuevos modelos pedagógicos, basados en el juego y las enseñanzas del «dibujo para todos» de Jean-Jaques Rousseau y la influencia que estos tuvieron en el origen del arte de vanguardia, la arquitectura y el diseño del pasado siglo.
Diagnóstico de los procesos Pedagógicos llevados a cabo en el Laboratorio de Física referentes a la Electricidad en el contexto Universitario.
Authors: Durán Richar Nicolas , Briceño Jesús Ramon , Materán Iris Naile , Daboin Frank Sinatra
Published: January 2021

El trabajo de investigación que se presenta tuvo como objetivo central Diagnosticar los procesos pedagógicos llevados a cabo por los docentes en la planificación de la asignatura de Laboratorio de Física en los tópicos relacionados con la Electricidad. Esto conlleva a una idea secundaria que es revisar como son estudiados los conceptos junto con diversas teorías fundamentadas en la Electricidad y cómo éstas son implementadas en la Educación Universitaria. La investigación se abordó siguiendo la metodología de proyecto descriptivo, junto con estudio de campo y documental, lo que permitió hacer dicho diagnóstico.  La población de estudio estuvo conformada por cinco (05) profesores del área de Física en una Institución Universitaria del estado Trujillo. La técnica aplicada fue una entrevista semi-estructurada con (09) nueve preguntas abiertas, que sirvió para la verificación del abordaje durante las clases de Laboratorio de Física. Cabe mencionar que se muestra los resultados y análisis más resaltantes de la investigación, donde arrojó diversas perspectivas de abordar un curso de laboratorio siguiendo ciertos parámetros ya predeterminados sin tomar en cuenta la evolución en cuanto a herramientas didácticas y tecnológicas. Para dichos resultados se utilizó la herramienta Tecnológica ATLAS.ti que es para realizar análisis de datos cualitativos.
O contexto formativo no centro de educação infantil: a coordenação pedagógica e as professoras de bebês e crianças muito pequenas
Authors: Ferme Raquel Maria Bortoni , De André Marli Eliza Dalmazo Afonso
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do texto é analisar o trabalho de uma coordenadora pedagógica, reconhecida por sua prática exitosa, em um Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI)/creche da Rede Municipal de São Paulo com especial atenção em sua atuação no contexto formativo junto às professoras da pequena infância. As análises são decorrentes do conjunto de dados produzidos durante a pesquisa realizada para o trabalho final do Mestrado. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais, discussões coletivas, observação e análise de documentos. Os seguintes referenciais teóricos, dentre outros foram consultados: Almeida e Placco (2009), André e Vieira (2010), Almeida (2010), Imbernón (2009). Os resultados obtidos reafirmam a atuação distintiva dessa profissional na formação continuada das professoras para contemplar as especificidades do atendimento a crianças dessa faixa etária.
A CULTURA DO BRINCAR E A PRESENÇA DA MIMESE, DO DESVIO E DA REPETIÇÃO NAS MEMÓRIAS DE INFÂNCIA DE MIGRANTES DE SINOP-MATO GROSSO
Authors: Rohden Josiane Brolo
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho propõe a partir de memórias da infância, numa perspectiva histórico-fenomenológica, oferecer uma reflexão sobre a cultura do brincar e a presença da mimese, do desvio e da repetição nas brincadeiras de infância. Trata-se de implicações construídas em uma pesquisa realizada com narrativas de memórias de migrantes de Sinop-MT, que vivenciaram suas infâncias no processo de colonização da cidade, em especial entre os anos de 1973 a 1986. A intenção é fomentar a discussão de que independente de tempos e espaços, no passado e no presente,  as crianças brincam, aprendem a brincar, inventam, criam e fazem do brincar o verbo do seu viver e, deste modo, quando brincam, criam seus próprios mundos, suas culturas infantis, são autores e autoras das próprias histórias. Contudo, o trabalho estabelece um diálogo entre a ciência e a poesia de Manoel de Barros, uma vez que a literatura do poeta contribui para com um olhar das memórias da infância, enquanto poiesis de vida, enquanto artes de se viver.
The Evaluation of Platelet Volume Indices in Patients with Varicocele
Authors: Yılmaz Mehmet , Karaarslan Mustafa , Ceylan Cavit , Tonyalı şenol
Published: January 2021

Objective: Varicocele is the abnormal venous dilatation and the tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus. Varicocele has been shown to be related with systemic varicosity in some studies. Platelet volume indices have also been reported to increase in vascular disorders. In this study, we aimed to determine if complete blood count (CBC) parameters especially platelet counts and volume indices could be a practical tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of varicocele. Materials and Methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent varicocelectomy due to grade 2 or 3 clinical varicocele were reviewed. Examined parameters included patient demographic characteristics and preoperative CBC parameters [hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW)]. Patients without varicocele, active infection and vascular disorders constituted the control group. Results: The study population consisted of 61 patients with varicocele and 62 control subjects. The mean age of the patients was 28.6 ± 6.2 years. Mean preoperative hemoglobin, WBC, platelet, MPV and PDW were 15.5 ± 1 g/dL, 7.5±1.6 x103 /μL, (236 ± 53.4) x103 /μL, 9.3±1.1 (fL) and 15.2± 3.9 (%), respectively. There was no difference between patients with varicocele and control subjects in terms of age, mean preoperative Hb, WBC and MPV. However, mean preoperative platelet count was significantly lower and mean PDW was significantly higher in varicocele patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found that PDW is significantly higher in varicocele patients compared to controls. Thus, PDW might be a practical tool in the confirmation of varicocele diagnosis and also be utilized at follow-up after varicocelectomy.
The Relation Between BMI and Polypharmacy with Urinary Incontinence in Diabetic Geriatric Patients
Authors: Şahingöz Erdal Gulçin , Erdal Feyzi Sİnan
Published: January 2021

Objective: In our study, we aimed to examine the effects of body mass index (BMI) and multiple drug use on urinary incontinence (UI) in diabetic geriatric patients. Materials and Methods: Our study included 246 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 65 and over who applied to our outpatient clinic between October and December 2019 and remained after the exclusion criteria were applied. The relationship between the frequency of UI and age, diabetes age, HbA1c, BMI, number of drugs and gender was investigated. UI described as any involuntary incontinence complaint. The questionnaire contained socio-demographic questions and the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF). Results: Most (82.2%) of the patients with UI were women. Diabetes age and HbA1c level did not differ significantly between those with and without UI. There was a statistically significant relationship between BMI and the number of drugs used with the indication of UI (Mann-Whitney U; p <0.05). Incontinence was more common in those with high BMI (average BMI 30.27 kg/m2 ). While 47.7% of those with UI were obese patients. The number of drugs used was found significantly higher in those patients with UI (p=0.008). Conclusion: UI causes social isolation, depressive mood and introversion. In our study, we found that obesity and polypharmacy are associated with incontinence and triggered urinary incontinence. This indicates that UI is a problem that needs to be questioned and focused on in this patient population.
Current Approaches in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Karaçetin Didem
Published: January 2021

Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumor in males. Radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and watchful waiting are the main treatment options in localized disease. Radiotherapy together with hormonotherapy is accepted as the standard of care in patients with advanced stages. Surgery or radiotherapy has comparable local control and survival outcomes in localized disease. During recent years a significant reduction in the rate of serious side effects has been achieved due to the development of modern radiotherapy techniques. With the use of these techniques such as Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), high doses can be given safely and the rates of serious short - or long-term side effects have not exceeded 1 percent. Modern radiotherapy techniques allow dose escalation for the target volume, and due to its achievement of sharp dose gradient around the target volume and enable to increase radiation doses homogeneously within the target volume without exceeding the tolerance doses in organs at risk. In the last few years hypofractionation has gained popularity in the curative radiotherapy of prostate cancer
Alternative Treatment Methods for Refractory Overactive Bladder
Authors: Alkış Okan , Aras Bekir , Sevim Mehmet
Published: January 2021

Overactive bladder is a serious condition that can significantly impair quality of life. Antimuscarinic agents are recommended as second-line therapy in patients who do not benefit from behavioral therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy of antimuscarinic agents is limited. Alternative treatment methods to medical treatment have been developed due to its limited effectiveness and frequent side effects. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS), sacral neuromodulation (SNM), intravesical Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT/A) are prominent among these minimally invasive treatment methods in refractory OAB. All these methods have been demonstrated to be effective in the literature. BoNT/A and SNM are more effective, but have been reported to cause more side effects. In refractory OAB, any of these methods can be applied by considering the medical condition and request of the patient.
A collaborative response to equitable food access during COVID-19: Building from Mass in Motion practices
Authors: Etingoff Kim , del Rosario Jessica
Published: January 2021

The Mass in Motion Municipal Wellness and Leadership initiative at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health provides local capacity to implement proven policies and practices creating environments supportive of healthy living, including food access efforts. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Mass in Motion has offered a crucial approach and infrastructure to address local food access needs exacerbated by the pandemic. The core components of Mass in Motion and its resulting impacts demonstrate a best practice approach to responding to immediate food access needs while leveraging long-term sustainable solutions.
A preliminary study evaluating trans-fat content of pastries in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities of Istanbul
Authors: AY Pinar , QUTRANJI Lubna , CETIN Okan , REZAI Esmatullah , FAYAZI Rohullah , GEZER Tanzer , KALYONCU Zeynep Begum , PECE SONMEZ Ummuhan , GUNER Murat , DAGLI Elif
Published: January 2021

Objective: Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) pose several risks to human health. World Health Organization recommends the elimination of
trans-fat consumption through limiting their use as less than 2g/100g fat. In line with this recommendation, Turkey recently passed a
new regulation securing the content of TFAs as less than 2g/100g fat in industrially produced foods. The objective of this study was to
determine the proportion of high TFA (>2 g/100g fat) in pastries among socioeconomically disadvantaged communities of Istanbul
before the regulation was put into force.
Patients and Methods: Eight socioeconomically disadvantaged districts were chosen from Istanbul and from each district three
neighborhoods with the lowest land values were identified. Pastry samples were collected from 72 shops. TFA content was analyzed
at Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Marmara Research Center by the ISO 12966-2:2011 method.
p<0.05 was set as the level of statistical significance.
Results: The median (25th-75th percentile) value of TFAs was 0.19g/100g (0.04g/100g – 0.30g/100g). None of the samples exceeded
the level of 2g/100g. There was no difference in TFA content between the districts (p>0.05).
Conclusion: HOur findings indicate that Turkey could easily comply with the legislative limit of 2%. Still, the compliance should
continuously be evaluated in diverse populations of the country.
Family Violence in the Educational Context: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: García Gerardo Gómez , Santos-Villalba María Jesús , Jiménez Carmen Rodríguez , Fernández María José Alcalá del Olmo
Published: January 2021

Family violence is one of the social problems that most concerns citizens today. Different subtypes of this violence continue to proliferate in the family context such as gender violence and child abuse. However, in recent years there has been an increase in cases of abuse of adolescent children towards their parents, giving rise to the phenomenon of child to parent violence. In order to analyse the scientific productivity of family violence, a bibliometric analysis was carried out. 679 scientific articles published from the date of origin of the subject to 2019 were analysed through the application of various bibliometric indicators. The results showed that the productivity on domestic violence is currently insufficient due to the existence of different types of violence that take place in the family nucleus and whose substantial elements differ from each other. Therefore, the need to continue contributing to research in this area of knowledge is reiterated.
E-BANKING SERVICES KNOWLEDGE AND USAGE, THE CASE OF KORCA CITY, ALBANIA
Authors: Sulillari Junada , Nasto Kostandin
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to realize an analysis of e-banking services in Albania. Through this study we wanted to reveal how much do people in the city of Korca, Albania know about these services and also how much do they use these services. To realize this analysis we have interviewed a part of the people in the city, in order to collect the information we needed. Then we processed the information collected to see some of the elements that dominat-ed in the people that were part of the study. The study revealed that people had no too much information about e-banking services, the information that they had was superficial. Another thing that this study also revealed is about the level of usage of these services from the citizens of Korca. What dominated was the limited usage of some e-banking services. This was related to some factors like the level of the incomes, the status of employment, etc. The main conclusion of the study was that e-banking services were still relative new services, but there was a tendency of increase in them.
EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT HEALTH EXPENDITURES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH SECTOR IN NIGERIA (1979-2017). AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Gwaison Panan Danladi , Maimako Livinus Nkuri
Published: January 2021

Health is a very important aspect of an individual’s wellbeing, and since individuals make a
nation, therefore, healthcare expenditure could be regarded as one of the necessary conditions to
achieving a sustainable long-term economic development. This study examined the effects of government health expenditures on the performance of health Sector in Nigeria. The study employed
expo facto research design. The annual time series data from 1979 to 2017 was used in this study
from Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria and World Development Indicators, 2018.
The pre estimation test like the descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test
Johensen cointegration test and Error correction model test. The OLS estimation technique was
used to determine the coefficient of the variables and test the four hypothesis. The results indicated
that government total health expenditures, capital health expenditure and recurrent health expenditures are positively related to the performance of health sector proxy by life expectancy rate
and statistically insignificant. However capital health expenditure was statistically significant to
life expectancy. The study recommends that more emphasis should be placed on the capital expenditures on health as this will facilitate rapid development of the sector and adequate Machinery
should be put in place by all sectors of government to arrest corruption and penalize those who
divert and embezzle public health fund among other recommendations were made.
– Vi må være åpne for at de kan ha ustabil personlighetsforstyrrelse
Authors: Pileberg Silje
Published: January 2021

Intervju med Anne Brager-Larsen
Agradecimento aos Revisores da RBMFC em 2020
Authors: Mendonça Claunara Schilling , Fontenelle Leonardo Ferreira , Chueiri Patrícia Sampaio , Sarti Thiago Dias
Published: January 2021

A Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (RBMFC) agradece aos Avaliadores  que atuaram como revisores ad hoc durante o ano de 2020, dedicando horas voluntariamente para a emissão de pareceres técnicos sobre manuscritos submetidos a esta revista.
Gardens of the Maya
Authors: Wyatt Andrew R.
Published: January 2021

Houselot gardens are cultivated spaces located adjacent to households and are commonly used to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, and fruits. They function as a primary source of a diverse array of food items, including staples, condiments, medicines, and spices; they provide non-food items as well, such as dyes, construction materials, or ornamental plants; and they provide a supply of food that is sold in local and extra-local markets. The diversity of plants and uses make gardens a fundamental element of household subsistence production.
This chapter investigates the articulation of Maya gardening practices with economic systems, focusing specifically on how changes in the political economy affects household production. We utilize diachronic data from the Pre-Columbian Maya site of Chan, exploring how household gardening practices were affected in a dynamic political landscape from the Middle Preclassic to the Terminal Classic. These data are contrasted with synchronic data from the contemporary village of Lake Mensabak, a Lacandon Maya community going through rapid social and political disruptions. This chapter demonstrates that although houselot gardens are small-scale and household oriented, they reflect changes and upheavals in local, national, and international political economies.