bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: controversies in iron supplementation
Authors: Modott Maria Teresa C. F. , Modott Cauê C. , Marcelino Mônica Y. , Oliva Taís B. de , Dias Daniel S. , Dias Flávia N. B. , Rodrigues Natália Pavoni , Modott Waldir P.
Published: January 2016

The gestational period is associated with a series of physiological and anatomical modifications, such as changes in the hematological, respiratory and cardiovascular system. In addition to functional modifications, anemia due to iron deficiency stands out as one of the most common complications of pregnancy and depending on severity can cause harm to mother and/or fetus. The administration of iron for pregnant women, with or without a previous diagnosis of anemia, is a common practice in obstetrics. Although there’s no evidence about the benefits of prophylactic iron supplementation for pregnant women, this approach appears as an appropriate procedure, since it reduces the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy and after childbirth. However, there are reports in the literature that describe the harmful aspects of indiscriminate use of iron during pregnancy. Thus, this literature review intend to present the main aspects of hematological changes that takes place during pregnancy, particularly iron deficiency anemia, to show advantages and disadvantages of iron supplementation, and to guide the obstetrician to perform a more accurate diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. This literature also intend to propose a consistent alternative of iron supplementation for pregnant women, minimizing the undesirable risks of excess or deficiency of this supplementation.
Tecendo Literatura: Entre Vozes e Olhares
Authors: Ramos Isaac Almeida
Published: January 2016

RESENHA: COELHO, Nelly Novaes; CUNHA, Maria Zilda da; BASEIO, Maria Auxiliadora Fontana (orgs.). Tecendo literatura: entre vozes e olhares. São Paulo: Humanitas, 2014. 542 páginas . (A primeira parte da resenha foi publicada na Literartes n. 3, 2014.)
José Roberto Torero: carreira multifacetada e presença marcante na literatura infantil
Authors: Valenzuela Sandra Trabucco , Guimarães Lourdes Maria de
Published: January 2016

Entrevista com José Roberto Torero, por Sandra Trabucco Valenzuela e Lourdes Guimarães. Torero é um  autor de literatura reconhecido por seu trabalho direcionado tanto ao público infantil como adulto. É também cineasta, diretor e roteirista de cinema e televisão.

 

 
Tendências da literatura juvenil contemporânea: os temas fraturantes na obra de Ana Saldanha
Authors: Ramos Ana Margarida , Fonseca Ana Daniela
Published: January 2016

Pretende-se, neste estudo, proceder à análise das representações das temáticas e universos fraturantes na obra narrativa juvenil de Ana Saldanha, autora portuguesa contemporânea de reconhecido mérito. Ao longo de quase duas décadas de atividade literária, os seus livros apresentam uma visão crítica da sociedade urbana atual, dando voz aos principais problemas e tensões dos destinatários preferenciais das suas obras, centrados no universo juvenil. O romance Para maiores de dezasseis (2009) ilustra bem as tendências recentes da produção literária da autora ao recriar o processo de construção de identidade de uma adolescente com problemas que se torna vítima fácil de um efebófilo.
“Me escreva tão logo possa”: percursos epistolares
Authors: Pereira Patrícia Regina Cavaleiro
Published: January 2016

Resenha: “Me escreva tão logo possa”: percursos epistolares, com base na obra organizada por Marcos Antonio de Moraes, intitulada Antologia da carta no Brasil: me escreva tão logo possa (São Paulo: Moderna/Salamandra, 2005).

 

 
Noite e linguagem na criação artística e literária
Authors: Brotto Beatriz Alves de Abreu Mancuso
Published: January 2016

Por meio do conceito heideggeriano do “sendo” da obra e do embate entre Mundo/ Terra, e dos escritos de Hannah Arendt sobre o intelecto que deseja apreender o que é dado aos sentidos, este artigo se propõe a analisar poemas, citações de quadros e músicas criados sob a égide do ambiente noturno, com o propósito de estabelecer o vínculo entre a noite, a linguagem e os ânimos humanos.
A (de)formação literária no ensino médio: a literatura mesmo em perigo
Authors: Gleria Erico
Published: January 2016

Pensando em um fenômeno perceptível nas aulas de literatura no ensino médio, onde se nota um desgaste no trato com o texto literário, fez-se necessário repensarmos o papel de dois agentes envolvidos diretamente: aluno e professor. De um lado, há alunos desinteressados para com a literatura, de outro, temos professores que, muitas vezes, desconhecem até mesmo o sentido do termo. Temos então a escola no centro das nossas observações.
Da leitura às releituras: um relato de experiência sobre literatura oral e experimentação multissemiótica
Authors: Medeiros Juliana Pádua Silva
Published: January 2016

O presente artigo é um relato de experiência que tem por objetivo discorrer sobre literatura oral e experimentação multissemiótica a partir das aulas de Língua Portuguesa do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, no Colégio São Domingos, em 2013. A proposta, que urdiu recepção e produção, foi lançada com base na obra Quem conta um conto aumenta um ponto. Nesse processo de (re)leituras, outras narrativas foram desdobrando-se, evidenciando uma pluralidade de modos, semioses, olhares e experiências.
The effect of powdered juice on human dental enamel dissolution
Authors: Ferreira Stella da Silva , Da Cruz Débora Perroni , Youssef Michel Nicolau , Hernandez Rocio del Pilar Benzedu , Aoki Idalina Vieira , Sobral Maria Angela Pita
Published: January 2016

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dissolution potential of an artificial powdered juice in human dental enamel. Methods: Three commercially available beverages were tested by first evaluating the pH and the titratable acidity. After this, 40 enamel specimens were individually immersed in the respective solutions for 120 min (n = 8) as follows: C+: distilled water (positive control); TAN: artificial powdered orange juice; DEL: natural orange juice, CC: Coca-Cola and C-: citric acid solution 1% (negative control). At the end, each solution was analyzed for the amount of calcium (Ca) released and the data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p <0.05). Results: All solutions had low pH values. The C- group had the highest titratable acidity, followed by DEL, TAN and CC. TAN (0,92)a resulted in a lower release of Ca, being statistically similar to C+ group (0,46)a, while CC (6,32)c resulted in the higher release of calcium, followed by C- (4,17)bc and DEL (3,13)b groups. Relevance: The artificial powdered juice tested, although acid and high titratable acidity caused no enamel dissolution.
Outcome of Apparently Unexplained Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Herman Adam R.M. , Cheung Christopher , Gerull Brenda , Simpson Christopher S. , Birnie David H. , Klein George J. , Champagne Jean , Healey Jeffrey S. , Gibbs Karen , Talajic Mario , Gardner Martin , Bennett Matthew T. , Steinberg Christian , Janzen Mikyla , Gollob Michael H. , Angaran Paul , Yee Raymond , Leather Richard , Chakrabarti Santabhanu , Sanatani Shubhayan , Chauhan Vijay S. , Krahn Andrew D.
Published: January 2016

Background—

The Cardiac Arrest Survivors with Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry (CASPER) enrolls patients with apparently unexplained cardiac arrest and no evident cardiac disease to identify the pathogenesis of cardiac arrest through systematic clinical testing. Exercise testing, drug provocation, advanced cardiac imaging, and genetic testing may be useful when a cause is not apparent.

Methods and Results—

The first 200 survivors of unexplained cardiac arrest from 14 centers across Canada were evaluated to determine the results of investigation and follow-up (age, 48.6±14.7 years, 41% female). Patients were free of evidence of coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, or evident repolarization syndromes. Advanced testing determined a diagnosis in 34% of patients at baseline, with a diagnosis emerging during follow-up in 7% of patients. Of those who were diagnosed, 28 (35%) had an underlying structural condition and 53 (65%) had a primary electric disease. During a mean follow-up of 3.15±2.34 years, 23% of patients had either a shock or an appropriate antitachycardia pacing from their implantable cardioverter defibrillator, or both. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator appropriate intervention rate was 8.4% at 1 year and 18.1% at 3 years, with no clear difference between diagnosed and undiagnosed subjects, or between those diagnosed with a primary electric versus structural pathogenesis.

Conclusions—

Obtaining a diagnosis in previously unexplained cardiac arrest patients requires systematic clinical testing and regular follow-up to unmask the cause. Nearly half of apparently unexplained cardiac arrest patients ultimately received a diagnosis, allowing for improved treatment and family screening. A substantial proportion of patients received appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy during medium-term follow-up.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00292032.
Low-Salt Diet and Circadian Dysfunction Synergize to Induce Angiotensin II–Dependent Hypertension in Mice
Authors: Pati Paramita , Fulton David J.R. , Bagi Zsolt , Chen Feng , Wang Yusi , Kitchens Julia , Cassis Lisa A. , Stepp David W. , Rudic R. Daniel
Published: January 2016

Blood pressure exhibits a robust circadian rhythm in health. In hypertension, sleep apnea, and even shift work, this balanced rhythm is perturbed via elevations in night-time blood pressure, inflicting silent damage to the vasculature and body organs. Herein, we examined the influence of circadian dysfunction during experimental hypertension in mice. Using radiotelemetry to measure ambulatory blood pressure and activity, the effects of angiotensin II administration were studied in wild-type (WT) and period isoform knockout (KO) mice (Per2-KO, Per2, 3-KO, and Per1, 2, 3-KO/Per triple KO [TKO] mice). On a normal diet, administration of angiotensin II caused nondipping blood pressure and exacerbated vascular hypertrophy in the Period isoform KO mice relative to WT mice. To study the endogenous effects of angiotensin II stimulation, we then administered a low-salt diet to the mice, which does stimulate endogenous angiotensin II in addition to lowering blood pressure. A low-salt diet decreased blood pressure in wild-type mice. In contrast, Period isoform KO mice lost their circadian rhythm in blood pressure on a low-salt diet, because of an increase in resting blood pressure, which was restorable to rhythmicity by the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan. Chronic administration of low salt caused vascular hypertrophy in Period isoform KO mice, which also exhibited increased renin levels and altered angiotensin 1 receptor expression. These data suggest that circadian clock genes may act to inhibit or control renin/angiotensin signaling. Moreover, circadian disorders such as sleep apnea and shift work may alter the homeostatic responses to sodium restriction to potentially influence nocturnal hypertension.
Rnd3/RhoE Modulates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling by Stabilizing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α and Regulates Responsive Cardiac Angiogenesis
Authors: Yue Xiaojing , Lin Xi , Yang Tingli , Yang Xiangsheng , Yi Xin , Jiang Xuejun , Li Xiaoyan , Li Tianfa , Guo Junli , Dai Yuan , Shi Jianjian , Wei Lei , Youker Keith A. , Torre-Amione Guillermo , Yu Yanhong , Andrade Kelsey C. , Chang Jiang
Published: January 2016

The insufficiency of compensatory angiogenesis in the heart of patients with hypertension contributes to heart failure transition. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α–vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF1α–VEGF) signaling cascade controls responsive angiogenesis. One of the challenges in reprograming the insufficient angiogenesis is to achieve a sustainable tissue exposure to the proangiogenic factors, such as HIF1α stabilization. In this study, we identified Rnd3, a small Rho GTPase, as a proangiogenic factor participating in the regulation of the HIF1α–VEGF signaling cascade. Rnd3 physically interacted with and stabilized HIF1α, and consequently promoted VEGFA expression and endothelial cell tube formation. To demonstrate this proangiogenic role of Rnd3 in vivo, we generated Rnd3 knockout mice. Rnd3 haploinsufficient (Rnd3
+/−
) mice were viable, yet developed dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure after transverse aortic constriction stress. The poststress Rnd3
+/−
hearts showed significantly impaired angiogenesis and decreased HIF1α and VEGFA expression. The angiogenesis defect and heart failure phenotype were partially rescued by cobalt chloride treatment, a HIF1α stabilizer, confirming a critical role of Rnd3 in stress-responsive angiogenesis. Furthermore, we generated Rnd3 transgenic mice and demonstrated that Rnd3 overexpression in heart had a cardioprotective effect through reserved cardiac function and preserved responsive angiogenesis after pressure overload. Finally, we assessed the expression levels of Rnd3 in the human heart and detected significant downregulation of Rnd3 in patients with end-stage heart failure. We concluded that Rnd3 acted as a novel proangiogenic factor involved in cardiac responsive angiogenesis through HIF1α–VEGFA signaling promotion. Rnd3 downregulation observed in patients with heart failure may explain the insufficient compensatory angiogenesis involved in the transition to heart failure.
Angiotensin II Regulation of Proliferation, Differentiation, and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Seungbum , Zingler Michael , Harrison Jeffrey K. , Scott Edward W. , Cogle Christopher R. , Luo Defang , Raizada Mohan K.
Published: January 2016

Emerging evidence indicates that differentiation and mobilization of hematopoietic cell are critical in the development and establishment of hypertension and hypertension-linked vascular pathophysiology. This, coupled with the intimate involvement of the hyperactive renin–angiotensin system in hypertension, led us to investigate the hypothesis that chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion affects hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulation at the level of the bone marrow. Ang II infusion resulted in increases in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (83%) and long-term HSC (207%) in the bone marrow. Interestingly, increases of HSCs and long-term HSCs were more pronounced in the spleen (228% and 1117%, respectively). Furthermore, we observed higher expression of C–C chemokine receptor type 2 in these HSCs, indicating there was increased myeloid differentiation in Ang II–infused mice. This was associated with accumulation of C–C chemokine receptor type 2
+
proinflammatory monocytes in the spleen. In contrast, decreased engraftment efficiency of GFP
+
HSC was observed after Ang II infusion. Time-lapse in vivo imaging and in vitro Ang II pretreatment demonstrated that Ang II induces untimely proliferation and differentiation of the donor HSC resulting in diminished HSC engraftment and bone marrow reconstitution. We conclude that (1) chronic Ang II infusion regulates HSC proliferation, mediated by angiotensin receptor type 1a, (2) Ang II accelerates HSC to myeloid differentiation resulting in accumulation of C–C chemokine receptor type 2
+
HSCs and inflammatory monocytes in the spleen, and (3) Ang II impairs homing and reconstitution potentials of the donor HSCs. These observations highlight the important regulatory roles of Ang II on HSC proliferation, differentiation, and engraftment.
Antiaging Gene Klotho Deficiency Promoted High-Fat Diet–Induced Arterial Stiffening via Inactivation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Lin Yi , Chen Jianglei , Sun Zhongjie
Published: January 2016

Klotho was originally discovered as an aging-suppressor gene. The objective of this study is to investigate whether klotho gene deficiency affects high-fat diet (HFD)–induced arterial stiffening. Heterozygous
Klotho
-deficient (
KL
+/−
) mice and
WT
littermates were fed on HFD or normal diet. HFD increased pulse wave velocity within 5 weeks in
KL
+/−
mice but not in wild-type mice, indicating that klotho deficiency accelerates and exacerbates HFD-induced arterial stiffening. A greater increase in blood pressure was found in
KL
+/−
mice fed on HFD. Protein expressions of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα), phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) were decreased, whereas protein expressions of collagen I, transforming growth factor-β1, and Runx2 were increased in aortas of
KL
+/−
mice fed on HFD. Interestingly, daily injections of an AMPKα activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-3-ribonucleoside, abolished the increases in pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, and blood glucose in
KL
+/−
mice fed on HFD. Treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-3-ribonucleoside for 2 weeks not only abolished the downregulation of phosphorylated AMPKα, phosphorylated eNOS, and Mn-SOD levels but also attenuated the increased levels of collagen I, transforming growth factor-β1, Runx2, superoxide, elastic lamellae breaks, and calcification in aortas of
KL
+/−
mice fed on HFD. In cultured mouse aortic smooth muscle cells, cholesterol plus KL-deficient serum decreased phosphorylation levels of AMPKα and LKB1 (an important upstream regulator of AMPKα activity) but increased collagen I synthesis, which can be eliminated by activation of AMPKα by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-3-ribonucleoside. In conclusions,
Klotho
deficiency promoted HFD-induced arterial stiffening and hypertension via downregulation of AMPKα activity.
Elevated Testosterone Reduces Uterine Blood Flow, Spiral Artery Elongation, and Placental Oxygenation in Pregnant Rats
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Kathirvel , Mishra Jay S. , Chinnathambi Vijayakumar , Vincent Kathleen L. , Patrikeev Igor , Motamedi Massoud , Saade George R. , Hankins Gary D. , Sathishkumar Kunju
Published: January 2016

Elevated maternal testosterone levels are shown to cause fetal growth restriction, eventually culminating in sex-specific adult-onset hypertension that is more pronounced in males than in females. In this study, we tested whether uteroplacental and fetoplacental disturbances underlie fetal growth restriction and if these changes vary in male and female placentas. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with vehicle (n=16) or testosterone propionate (0.5 mg/kg per day from gestation day 15–19; n=16). On gestation day 20, we quantified uterine artery blood flow using microultrasound, visualized placental arterial network using x-ray microcomputed tomography, determined fetoplacental hypoxia using pimonidazole and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and used Affymetrix array to determine changes in placental expression of genes involved in vascular development. Plasma testosterone levels increased 2-fold in testosterone-injected rats. Placental and fetal weights were lower in rats with elevated testosterone. Uterine artery blood flow was lower, and resistance index was higher in the testosterone group. Radial and spiral artery diameter and length, the number of fetoplacental arterial branches, and umbilical artery diameter were reduced in the testosterone group. In addition, markers of hypoxia in the placentas and fetuses were elevated in the testosterone group. The magnitude of changes in placental vasculature and hypoxia was greater in males than in females and was associated with sex-specific alteration of unique sets of genes involved in angiogenesis and blood vessel morphogenesis. The results demonstrate that elevated testosterone during gestation induces a decrease in uterine arterial blood flow and fetal sex–related uteroplacental vascular changes, which may set the stage for subsequent sex differences in adult-onset diseases.
Learning Temporal Statistics for Sensory Predictions in Aging
Authors: Luft Caroline Di Bernardi , Baker Rosalind , Goldstone Aimee , Zhang Yang , Kourtzi Zoe
Published: January 2016

Predicting future events based on previous knowledge about the environment is critical for successful everyday interactions. Here, we ask which brain regions support our ability to predict the future based on implicit knowledge about the past in young and older age. Combining behavioral and fMRI measurements, we test whether training on structured temporal sequences improves the ability to predict upcoming sensory events; we then compare brain regions involved in learning predictive structures between young and older adults. Our behavioral results demonstrate that exposure to temporal sequences without feedback facilitates the ability of young and older adults to predict the orientation of an upcoming stimulus. Our fMRI results provide evidence for the involvement of corticostriatal regions in learning predictive structures in both young and older learners. In particular, we showed learning-dependent fMRI responses for structured sequences in frontoparietal regions and the striatum (putamen) for young adults. However, for older adults, learning-dependent activations were observed mainly in subcortical (putamen, thalamus) regions but were weaker in frontoparietal regions. Significant correlations of learning-dependent behavioral and fMRI changes in these regions suggest a strong link between brain activations and behavioral improvement rather than general overactivation. Thus, our findings suggest that predicting future events based on knowledge of temporal statistics engages brain regions involved in implicit learning in both young and older adults.
Does Cleveland Know the Secret to Building Wealth without Gentrification?
Authors: Alperovitz Gar
Published: January 2016

The following is an interview with historian, political economist, activist, and writer Gar Alperovitz from City by City: Dispatches from the American Metropolis, a collection of essays on American cities, written by the people who live in them.
Eminent Domain: Building Toward Worker Cooperatives in the United States
Authors: Ranis Peter
Published: January 2016

This article deals with the major challenges to the development of cooperatives owing to the retreat of the state in intervening on behalf of the public good. Cooperatives represent a clear response to unemployment and poverty within the liberal capitalist economies. Cooperatives represent a re-envisioning of work organization, democratic procedures, the reality of employee self-management, the fostering of community and political outreach that combine to provide an alternative to the hierarchical private firm’s place in the economy and society.

The potential uses of eminent domain to meet this socio-economic challenge in the United States represent viable public policies that can provide workers with the legitimacy to own and run their own enterprises. Eminent domain, a legal process, has a basis in public policy, which includes the powers to tax and spend, to zone for economic purposes, to impose environmental regulations, and to avoid neighborhood blight. Worker control requires the implementation of eminent domain on behalf of workers for the clear benefit of economic development, social justice and worker autonomy.
The Decline of Industrial Detroit
Authors: Hammer Frank
Published: January 2016

An interview with Frank Hammer, former President of Local 909 of the United Automobile Workers (uaw) in Michigan, usa, conducted by Marek Hrubec, Director and Senior Research Fellow of the Centre of Global Studies at the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. Hammer worked for 32 years at General Motors, and retired in 2007. At present he organizes the Autoworker Caravan, an advocate association of retired and active autoworkers.
Auto De(con)struction: The Spatial Fixes and Racial Repercussions of Detroit’s Deindustrialization
Authors: Shor Fran
Published: January 2016

The history of Detroit’s deindustrialization is intimately connected to the long dislocation in the auto industry. This article highlights how the spatial fixes endemic to capital determined the parameters of that deindustrialization through several key moments. In particular, the role of black autoworkers and Detroit residents contending with such spatial fixes will be examined
Xyloselinum laoticum (Umbelliferae), a new species from Laos, and taxonomic placement of the genus in the light of nrDNA ITS sequence analysis
Authors: Pimenov Michael G , Degtjareva Galina V. , Ostroumova Tatiana A. , Samigullin Tahir H. , Averyanov Leonid V.
Published: January 2016

A new species of Xyloselinum, X. laoticum, endemic to the Vientiane province of Laos, is described and illustrated. Similar to two previously described species of Xyloselinum from limestone ridges of Northern Vietnam, the new species is subshrub with 2–3 pinnatisect leaves having petiolulate basal segments and broadly lanceolate terminal segments, solitary or binary mericarp vallecular vittae, almost flat on the commissural side endosperm. The new species is more closer to X. vietnamense than to X. leonidii. Xyloselinum laoticum differs from X. vietnamense in irregularly toothed or laciniate terminal leaf segments without bladders on lower surface, solid (not fistulose) petioles, globose umbels and umbellets, almost glabrous (not densely covered by scattered short prickles) pedicels, always entire bracteoles, and conical (not shortly conical) stylopods. It is supported by the nrDNA ITS data that Xyloselinum is treated as an independent genus and placed in Selineae Clade together with some S and E Asian genera separated from Peucedanum s.l. or Ligusticum/Selinum complex.
A new species of Gryllotalpa mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Gryllotalpinae) from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: TAN MING KAI , KAMARUDDIN KHAIRUL NIZAM
Published: January 2016

A new species of Gryllotalpa mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) is described from Bukit Larut, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia: Gryllotalpa permai sp. n. Acoustic analysis of the male calling songs were also provided for Gryllotalpa permai sp. n. and the morphologically similar Gryllotalpa fulvipes.
Description of two final stadium Onychogomphus larvae from Thailand (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: CHAINTHONG DAMRONG , BOONSOONG BOONSATIEN
Published: January 2016

The final stadium larvae of Onychogomphus castor Lieftinck and O. duaricus Fraser are described and illustrated for the first time based on reared specimens from Thailand. The taxonomic characteristics of the larvae of the genus Onychogomphus are discussed and summarized. The larva of O. castor differs from other Southeast Asian species in having distinct mid-dorsal spines on S2–9, divergent wing pads reaching S5, and lateral spines on S6–9. The larva of O. duaricus has a weakly swollen third antennal segment, with short blunt mid-dorsal spines on S2–9, divergent wing sheaths reaching the middle of S4, and lateral spines present on S7–9.
Two new species of Eustigmaeus Berlese (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) from Brazil, with a key to the American species
Authors: PAKTINAT-SAEIJ SAEID , BAGHERI MOHAMMAD , CASTRO TATIANE M.M.G. DE , MORAES GILBERTO J. DE
Published: January 2016

Two new species of Eustigmaeus, E. piracicabensis Paktinat-Saeij & Bagheri sp. nov., and E. oliveirai Paktinat-Saeij & Bagheri sp. nov., are described based on females collected from soil, humus and moss in the São Paulo state, Brazil. Also, a key to the American Eustigmaeus species is provided.
Gymnotus refugio, a new and endangered species of electric fish of the Gymnotus pantherinus species-group from southern Brazil (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae)
Authors: GIORA JULIA , MALABARBA LUIZ ROBERTO
Published: January 2016

Gymnotus refugio, new species, is described from coastal rivers of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states, Brazil. It is diagnosed from most species of the Gymnotus pantherinus species-group by the coloration pattern, further differing from G. pantherinus and G. capitimaculatus on the basis of morphometric and meristic characters. The new species represents the most meridional record of the G. pantherinus species-group.
Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part VI. Status of Protoscydmus and
Euconnus subgenera Neonapochus, Paranapochus, and Filonapochus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: January 2016

Examination of the type species of the genus Protoscydmus (Borneo) and subgenera of Euconnus: Neonapochus (Europe) and Paranapochus (Madagascar, Oriental) revealed that these taxa do not differ in any important characters from Euconnus (Napochus). Consequently, Protoscydmus, Neonapochus, and Paranapochus are placed as junior synonyms of Napochus, and Euconnus (Napochus) sabahensis (Franz) is placed as a new combination (ex Protoscydmus). Filonapochus (Madagascar) is maintained as a separate subgenus of Euconnus; it also belongs to taxa similar to Napochus.
Ciliate protozoa of the forestomach of llamas (Lama glama) from locations
at different altitude in Argentina
Authors: CUCCHI MARÍA CERÓN , MARCOPPIDO GISELA , DEKKER ANNA , FONDEVILA MANUEL , FUENTE GABRIEL DE LA , MORICI GABRIEL , CRAVERO SILVIO
Published: January 2016

This study describes the diversity and concentration of the protozoal population from the forestomach of llamas in Argentina at three altitudinal locations. Protozoal diversity was studied in samples from eight llamas from Hurlingham (Buenos Aires, 43 m altitude), four from Tilcara (Jujuy, 2465 m altitude) and six llamas from Cieneguillas (Jujuy, 3800 m altitude). The total concentrations of protozoa in the forestomach contents were 7.9, 9.1 and 4.1 cells x 104 ml-1 in Hurlingham, Tilcara and Cieneguillas, respectively (P>0.05). Entodinium spp. represented 97.9, 92.3 and 71.4% of the protozoal community in Hurlingham, Tilcara and Cieneguillas, respectively, and the remaining protozoa belonged to the Eudiplodinium genus. Entodinium spp. were identified as E. caudatum (mostly morphotype dubardi), E. longinucleatum, E. parvum, E. bovis, E. exiguum, E. dubardi, and a minor presence of E. bimastus (in three animals) and E. ovibos (in one animal). In regards to the rest of protozoal species, Eudiplodinium maggii is the first reported host record for the genus in llamas. This species was present in the forestomach of 14 out of 18 llamas tested, and in one case it was the unique protozoal species. The vestibuliferids, Dasytricha and Isotricha were absent from the forestomach of llamas. Similarly, other species such as those from the Caloscolex genus, Diplodinium cameli and Entodinium ovumrajae, commonly found in Old World Camelids, were also absent from llamas.
Alburnoides diclensis (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae), a new species of cyprinid fish from the upper Tigris River, Turkey
Authors: TURAN DAVUT , BEKTAŞ YUSUF , KAYA CÜNEYT , BAYÇELEBİ ESRA
Published: January 2016

Alburnoides diclensis sp. n. is described from the Tigris River drainages (Persian Gulf basin) in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is distinguished by a combination of the following characters (none unique to the species): a poorly developed ventral keel between pelvic and anal fins, completely scaled or rarely without one scale in front of anus; head short (length 24–27% SL), its upper profile markedly convex on level of nostril; mouth terminal, with marked chin; lips equal to or upper lip slightly longer than lower lip; snout with rounded tip, its length equal to or greater than eye diameter but smaller than interorbital distance; body moderately deep (depth at dorsal-fin origin 25–30% SL); anal-fin depth 1.2–1.4, mean 1.3 times in HL; 48–53 lateral-line scales, 12½–15½ branched anal-fin rays; 41–42 total vertebrae, comprising 20–21 abdominal and 20–21 caudal vertebrae.
A new species of the subterranean genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from a cave spring in northern Florida, USA
Authors: HOLSINGER JOHN R. , SAWICKI THOMAS R.
Published: January 2016

A relatively large, distinct new species of the subterranean amphipod crustacean genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) measuring 13 mm in length is described from Skipper Spring, a cave spring in the northwestern “panhandle” of Florida, USA. This is the first species of the genus described from the state of Florida where it is described from only 3 females. A fourth much smaller specimen of this species was collected from nearby Miller’s Crossing Spring on Holmes Creek. All other stygomorphic amphipod species recorded from the state of Florida have been in the genus Crangonyx.
The Relation of Perceived and Objective Environment Attributes to Neighborhood Satisfaction
Authors: Lee Suzanna M. , Conway Terry L. , Frank Lawrence D. , Saelens Brian E. , Cain Kelli L. , Sallis James F.
Published: January 2016

There is growing evidence that communities can be designed to support physical activity, but it is important to understand whether neighborhood features related to health are also considered satisfactory by residents. The study aimed to determine if there is an association between perceived and objective neighborhood environment variables and neighborhood satisfaction. Adults ( N = 1,726) were recruited from neighborhoods in two regions of the United States selected to vary on walkability and income. Perceived neighborhood environment was assessed using a validated scale, objective measures were constructed using geographic information system (GIS), and satisfaction was assessed using a 17-item survey. Participants reported greater satisfaction when they perceived their neighborhood as having greater pedestrian/traffic safety, crime safety, attractive aesthetics, access to destinations, diversity of destinations, park access, and lower residential density. Objective measures were not significant. The discrepant findings between perceived and objective environmental measures indicate that neighborhood satisfaction is a complex construct.
Governing metropolitan climate-energy transition: A study of Lyon’s strategic planning
Authors: Rocher Laurence
Published: January 2016

Given that in-depth place-specific studies are needed for a better understanding of the role of cities in coping with climate change and implementing the energy transition, this paper, based on the case of Lyon (France), brings empirical evidence of how climate and energy are being governed at a city level. A comprehensive understanding of this is achieved with emphasis put on the modes of governing enacted by the local authority, as well as the positioning of the city at broader scales. The framing and localising processes involved in the policy-making process are at the core of this analysis, with a particular focus on two interrelated questions: how are climate and energy making their way as new urban issues that call for specific responses, and how do they reinforce – and are they also reinforced by – metropolitan-wide governance in a context of institutional change?
Model Similarity, Model Selection, and Attribute Classification
Authors: Ma Wenchao , Iaconangelo Charles , de la Torre Jimmy
Published: January 2016

Selecting the most appropriate cognitive diagnosis model (CDM) for an item is a challenging process. Although general CDMs provide better model-data fit, specific CDMs have more straightforward interpretations, are more stable, and can provide more accurate classifications when used correctly. Recently, the Wald test has been proposed to determine at the item level whether a general CDM can be replaced by specific CDMs without a significant loss in model-data fit. The current study examines the practical consequence of the test by evaluating whether the attribute-vector classification based on CDMs selected by the Wald test is better than that based on general CDMs. Although the Wald test can detect the true underlying model for certain CDMs, it is yet unclear how effective it is at distinguishing among the wider range of CDMs found in the literature. This study investigates the relative similarity of the various CDMs through the use of the newly developed dissimiliarity index, and explores the implications for the Wald test. Simulations show that the Wald test cannot distinguish among additive models due to their inherent similarity, but this does not impede the ability of the test to provide higher correct classification rates than general CDMs, particularly when the sample size is small and items are of low quality. An empirical example is included to demonstrate the viability of the procedure.
Televising South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission: what liveness tells us about the commission; what the commission tells us about liveness
Authors: Evans Martha
Published: January 2016

Contrary to existing scholarship on the broadcasting of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, this article argues that the televising of hearings did not constitute a ‘media event’, as defined by Dayan and Katz. Based on a qualitative analysis of the only two live broadcasts, a glance at viewership statistics and discussions with media personnel, the article attempts to uncover what media events can tell us about the Commission and what the Commission can tell us about the media events. The article argues that the South African Broadcasting Corporation’s (SABC) decision to ‘go live’ – with the opening hearing and the broadcasting of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela’s testimony – demonstrates the ways in which the controversial amnesty provision provided loopholes that altered the original expectations of the Commission’s work over time, leading to the African National Congress’s (ANC) eventual dissociation from it. Additionally, the article argues that complex, unpredictable and contested content – usually the subject of national commissions of inquiry – is unsuited to the media event genre.
Calculability as Politics in the Construction of Markets: The Case of Socially Responsible Investment in France
Authors: Giamporcaro Stéphanie , Gond Jean-Pascal
Published: January 2016

This article examines some of the processes by which power constitutes calculability and, in so doing, shapes the construction of markets. We combine insights from performativity studies about calculability with Lukes’ ‘radical view of power’ to investigate how multiple facets of power are mobilized to influence the creation and activities of calculative agencies in the process of market construction. An in-depth longitudinal study of the French socially responsible investment market shows how organizations acting as calculative agencies become sites of power through calculability. We identify how power is exercised over, through and against these calculative agencies by a variety of actors in order to build their position in the socially responsible investment market. Our results complement the broader question of the ‘government of economic life’ by showing how micro-level power games interact with the macro-politics of market building through calculative agencies. In so doing, our article sheds light on neglected aspects of the changing geopolitics of calculative power in market construction and suggests approaching ‘calculability as politics’ when studying the construction of markets.
Articulating Globalization: Exploring the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) Terrain
Authors: Chatterjee Suparna
Published: January 2016

Notwithstanding the ‘yawns of familiarity’ that globalization produces in some circles, there is little doubt that ‘globalization’ continues to provide direction and momentum to much of the present social and political configurations. With this in mind, the present study attempts to come to terms with globalization in one particular site: the much acclaimed bottom/base of the pyramid (BOP) approach. Employing Stuart Hall’s notion of articulation, I examine some of the ‘foundational’ BOP texts to understand how and to what ends globalization is constituted within the BOP project. Extrapolating from themes like markets, capitalism, poverty, and technology, the article attempts to highlight what remains unsaid and inexplicit about ‘globalization.’ At one level, the article explores the ‘metapragmatics of globalization’ (how account/talk about global phenomenon are put to use in different contexts), and, at another level, it offers a critical examination of some of the underlying themes of the BOP proposition. Broadly, the article argues that despite its commitment to contesting dominant forms of globalization, the BOP project shows solidarity with a remarkably reductive view of globalization, and in so doing becomes complicit in maintaining status quo thereby re-inscribing (unwittingly) long standing patterns of marginalization. In the spirit of ‘hermeneutics of emergence,’ the article calls for greater self-reflexivity within the BOP domain which, among other things, would help problematize its central themes and ideas in ways that are, perhaps, more adequate to thinking about the fraught relationship between business and poverty.
Dominant Cognitive Frames and the Innovative Power of Social Networks
Authors: D’Andreta Daniela , Marabelli Marco , Newell Sue , Scarbrough Harry , Swan Jacky
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we illustrate the link between social network structures, dominant cognitive frames on network purpose and the innovative power of a network, through a mixed-method comparative analysis of two knowledge translation networks (KTNs) in the English National Health Service (NHS). Our findings illustrate several challenges for networked forms of organization linked to different manifestations of social networks (centralized/decentralized) and dominant cognitive frames (polarizing/loosely clustered). Our paper contributes a better understanding of how dominant frames on network purpose emerge alongside the development of network structure itself, and explores how this interplay between dominant frames and social networks impacts upon the collaborative work that supports the network’s innovative power.
Antipsychotic drug-like facilitation of latent inhibition by a brain-penetrating neurotensin-1 receptor agonist
Authors: Feifel D , Shilling PD , Fazlinejad AA , Melendez G
Published: January 2016

Latent inhibition (LI) is a measure of cognitive gating and refers to reduced conditioned learning when there is pre-exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS) before it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (US). Dysregulation of LI is associated with some neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, and the ability to facilitate LI in rodents is a reasonably good predictive test for antipsychotic drugs. Converging evidence supports neurotensin-1 receptor (NTS1) agonists as novel drugs for schizophrenia. Therefore, we investigated the ability of a brain-penetrating, selective NTS1 agonist, PD149163, to facilitate LI in heterozygous Brattleboro rats, a strain that exhibits naturally low LI. Conditioned taste aversion to flavored water (FW; 0.1% saccharin) was induced by pairing it with malaise-inducing injections of lithium chloride (LiCl). Prior to LiCl–FW pairing, rats received subcutaneous injections of saline, or PD149163 (100 µg/kg or 200 µg/kg). Half the rats in each drug group had been allowed to drink FW the day before the LiCl–FW pairing (pre-exposed rats). Two days after pairing, the amount of FW each rat consumed was recorded. LI, defined as significantly greater FW drinking in the pre-exposed group compared with the non pre-exposed group, was exhibited only among rats that received 200 µg/kg of PD149163. These results further support NTS1 agonists as potentially novel drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Le deuil originel et métaphorique : état de l’art et voies de recherche en comportement du consommateur
Authors: Plaud Cécile , Urien Bertrand
Published: January 2016

Nous étudions l’impact du deuil consécutif à la mort d’un proche (le deuil originel), et le deuil consécutif à toute perte significative (le deuil métaphorique) sur les comportements de consommation. Nous évoquerons la singularité du processus de décision de consommation en situation de deuil, et proposerons d’utiliser un nouveau cadre théorique, permettant de renouveler les interprétations relatives à l’incidence du deuil originel sur les comportements de consommation. Nous montrerons, par ailleurs, comment le deuil métaphorique permet de comprendre, de façon alternative, certaines réactions du consommateur aux stratégies d’abandon de marque, ou d’analyser différemment les processus d’acculturation. Nous ouvrons ainsi de nouvelles voies de recherche sur la relation à la marque ou à l’enseigne, ainsi que sur l’ethnicité. Pour réaliser cet agenda de recherche, nous présentons une revue de littérature sur le concept de deuil, en anthropologie, psychologie et sociologie, proposons une définition de ce concept et identifions les principaux modèles théoriques s’y référant. Une réflexion sur les conditions d’opérationnalisation de ces futures recherches et de nouveaux outils méthodologiques sont enfin proposés.
Dual fluorescent N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-based conjugates for passive tumor targeting with reduction-sensitive drug release: Proof of the concept, tumor accumulation, and biodistribution
Authors: Studenovský Martin , Heinrich Anne-Kathrin , Lucas Henrike , Mueller Thomas , Mäder Karsten , Etrych Tomáš
Published: January 2016

In the field of drug delivery, many different carrier systems have been described to date, including nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, and water-soluble polymer conjugates, where the active compound could be either incorporated non-covalently or linked to its carrier by a degradable chemical bond. In this study, we synthesized, characterized, and investigated the in vivo fate of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-based polymer conjugates with a drug model bound via a disulfide bond, which is frequently cited in the literature as being completely stable in the bloodstream but readily cleaved after cell internalization. The concept was based on a “dual” labeling of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers with two different fluorescent dyes, where the first dye was linked via a disulfide bond, thus representing a model drug, while the second dye was attached as an amide and served as a label for the polymer carrier. Two conjugates, differing in their molecular weights (30 and 104 kDa), were examined using a multispectral optical imaging technique in athymic nude mice inoculated with HT-29 and DLD-1 human colon carcinoma xenografts. Additionally, necropsied organs and tumors were examined ex vivo to obtain more detailed information about polymer and model drug biodistribution. In vivo results confirmed preferential tumor accumulation for both conjugates. Moreover, different fluorescence patterns for the polymer and drug model were observed in both mice and necropsied tumors, indicating tumor-specific “drug” release.