bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Impact of Neoatherosclerosis on Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Treatment of Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stent Restenosis
Authors: Chen Zhaoyang , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Mintz Gary S. , Noguchi Masahiko , Fujimura Tatsuhiro , Usui Eisuke , Seike Fumiyasu , Hu Xun , Jin Ge , Li Chenguang , Salem Hanan , Fall Khady N. , Shlofmitz Evan , Kirtane Ajay J. , Cao J. Jane , Moses Jeffrey W. , Ali Ziad A. , Jeremias Allen , Shlofmitz Richard A. , Maehara Akiko
Published: September 2022

Background:

Clinical and morphological factors associated with lipidic versus calcified neoatherosclerosis within second-generation drug-eluting stents and the impact of lipidic versus calcified neoatherosclerosis on long-term outcomes after repeat intervention have not been well studied.

Methods:

A total of 512 patients undergoing optical coherence tomography before percutaneous coronary intervention for second-generation drug-eluting stents in-stent restenosis were included. Neoatherosclerosis was defined as lipidic or calcified neointimal hyperplasia in ≥3 consecutive frames or ruptured lipidic neointimal hyperplasia. The primary outcome was target lesion failure (cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, or clinically driven target lesion revascularization).

Results:

The overall prevalence of neoatherosclerosis was 28.5% (146/512): 56.8% lipidic, 30.8% calcified, and 12.3% both lipidic and calcific. The prevalence increased as a function of time from stent implantation: 20% at 1 to 3 years, 30% at 3 to 7 years, and 75% >7 years. Renal insufficiency, poor lipid profile, and time from stent implantation were associated with lipidic neoatherosclerosis, whereas severe renal insufficiency, female sex, and time from stent implantation were associated with calcified neoatherosclerosis. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that female sex and lipidic neoatherosclerosis were associated with more target lesion failure, whereas stent age and final minimum lumen diameter after reintervention were related to lower target lesion failure. Calcified neoatherosclerosis was not related to adverse events after reintervention for in-stent restenosis given a large enough minimum lumen diameter was achieved.

Conclusions:

Lipidic but not calcified neoatherosclerosis was associated with poor subsequent outcomes after repeat revascularization if optimal stent expansion was achieved in lesions with calcified neoatherosclerosis.
Convictions and Penalties among Rescue and Non-rescue Nonhuman-Animal Hoarders
Authors: Willetts Marion C.
Published: September 2022

The overarching purpose of this pilot study was to compare the likelihood of conviction and the imposition of penalties in nonhuman-animal hoarding cases among those affiliated with established animal rescues and those not affiliated. A secondary purpose was to examine what additional characteristics of hoarders and hoarding cases are associated with conviction and penalties. Manifest content coding was conducted on the media reports and court dockets of a convenience sample of 84 animal hoarding cases. The affiliated did not significantly differ from the nonaffiliated with regard to the likelihood of conviction or the imposition of legal penalties upon conviction. A prior history of hoarding and the number of animals involved in a case influenced case outcomes in limited and inconsistent respects; however, a preponderance of nonsignificant findings suggests that much judicial discretion operates in the prosecution of animal hoarding cases.
Summit Diplomacy as Theatre of Sovereignty Contestation
Authors: Ku Minseon
Published: September 2022

The recent revival in the interest in summitry in International Relations scholarship conceptualises it as an elite-centred or foreign policy-focused process targeting foreign governments and publics. This article makes a theoretical intervention on the effects of summitry by foregrounding publics as audiences of international politics who can exercise agency. Because summits are primarily elite-staged performances of Westphalian principles of state sovereignty, they generate a political space for audiences to publicly embrace or contest summitry performances and their meanings of sovereignty. They can do so by co-performing with or by counter-performing elitist summitry performances, which can generate narratives with potential to shape and alter domestic societies in the long run.
Werner Beierwaltes and the Yearning for Transcendence
Authors: Hedley Douglas
Published: September 2022

In this paper we explore some of the key themes in the thought of Werner Beierwaltes. He established a reputation as a scholar of Neoplatonism during a period of great renewal of Neoplatonic studies in the last century, and that esteem was justly deserved. Yet his work was motivated by the faith in Platonism as a living tradition and a resolute conviction that metaphysics is an ineluctable part of the philosophical vocation; and indeed he was irritated by jejune or simplistic critiques of metaphysics. Plotinus was at the centre of his scholarship, which explored the great themes of Neoplatonism through medieval, Renaissance and Idealistic philosophy into the contemporary context. Theology, aesthetics and the question of selfhood or subjectivity were recurrent topics in his writing. The discussion of these problems was fueled by a keen sense of the abiding significance of the Platonic tradition for the most puzzling and urgent intellectual questions.
Going Nuclear, but How? The Netherlands Army and Tactical Nuclear Warfare in Europe, 1953–1968
Authors: Sanders Daan , Hoffenaar Jan
Published: September 2022

In the historiography of nuclear arms in the Cold War the political and military strategic levels are dominant; little attention has been paid to the sub-strategic levels. This is understandable, because most archival material has been destroyed or is still classified. However, it is also remarkable because tactical nuclear weapons (tnw) were a crucial element in nato strategies and because all nato forces had to prepare, down to the lowest levels, to fight a war by nuclear means. Based on previously unused archives, this article analyses how the Dutch army, as an army of a small nato-member state, adapted step by step to the nuclearisation of land warfare in the period 1953 to 1968. Which role were the tnw s assigned in the war plans? But also, how realistic would these plans have been, given the influence of (inter)national political developments, moral and psychological aspects, and military-technical and military-tactical issues?
Engagement in and Interaction with Parliamentary Ecosystems
Authors: Fitsilis Fotis , Todd Bruce Philip
Published: September 2022

This is a report on the 15th Workshop of Parliamentary Scholars and Parliamentarians that took place over the weekend of 30–31 July 2022 in Wroxton, Oxfordshire, in the United Kingdom. Scores of scholars, practitioners, and Members of Parliament (mp s) from around the world gathered once again at the event’s remarkable venue, the Wroxton Abbey, for a two-day practical exchange on issues around parliamentary development and reforms. This time, the Workshop focussed on the state-of-play of and new concepts for strengthening public engagement in the democratic process. Moreover, the greater event constitutes a forum of international professional exchange between parliamentary practitioners and scholars and the sharing of best-practice, with the overall goal of promoting positive change and improvements to the efficiency, transparency, representation and therefore legitimacy of parliaments. The report captures the highlights, lessons-learned, and expectations from a memorable event that set the stage for further research and policy activities.
A willingness-aware user recruitment strategy based on the task attributes in mobile crowdsensing
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Yong , Cheng Wei , Wang Weiguang , Yang Junhua
Published: September 2022

With the powerful sensing, computing capabilities of mobile devices, large-scale users with smart devices throughout the city would be the perfect carrier for the people-centric scheme, namely, mobile crowdsensing. Mobile crowdsensing has become a versatile platform for many Internet of things applications in urban scenarios. So how to select the appropriate users to complete the tasks and ensure the quality of the tasks has been a huge challenge for mobile crowdsensing. In this article, we propose a willingness-aware user recruitment strategy based on the task attributes to solve this problem. First, we divide the whole sensing region based on task attributes by a weighted Voronoi diagram and conduct the assessment about the sub-regions according to several parameters, and then categorize sub-regions as hot regions and blank regions. Moreover, we analyze the influence of user willingness on user recruitment and the task completion rate and assess the coverage ability of the users. Finally, we use the greedy method to optimize the user recruitment for each task to select the most suitable users for the tasks. Simulation results show that the willingness-aware user recruitment approach can significantly improve the task completion rate and achieve higher task coverage quality compared with other algorithms.
E-cigarette addiction and harm perception: Does initiation flavor choice matter?
Authors: Hung Man , Spencer Andrew , Hon Eric S. , Licari Frank W. , Cheever Val Joseph , Moffat Ryan , Goh Clarissa , Raymond Ben , Lipsky Martin S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The 21st century was marked by a dramatic increase in adolescent e-cigarette use in the United States (US). The popularity of non-traditional flavor types, including fruit and pastry, is thought to contribute toward growing product use nationally, leading to a variety of federal and state regulations limiting the use of non-traditional flavors in the US. The relationship between flavor type and increased adolescent use suggests a possible link between flavor use and addiction and harm perception. This study assessed if the flavor type used when initiating e-cigarette use predicted addiction and harm perceptions.

Methods

The study utilized data from the multi-wave youth Population Assessment of Tobacco Health Study. It explored the impact initiating e-cigarette use with traditional versus non-traditional flavor types among cigarette users on the outcome variables: e-cigarette addiction and harm perception. Both e-cigarette addiction and harm perception were measured using self-report, Likert scale questionnaires. Descriptive statistics characterized the study variables and linear regression analyses performed to test whether flavor initiation type is associated with addiction and harm perception.

Results

The study sample consisted of 1,043 youth (weighted N = 1,873,617) aged 12 to 17 years who reported at least one instance of e-cigarette use. After adjusting for age, age of onset, sex, race and annual household income there was no statistically significant difference in addiction levels between those initiating with traditional versus non-traditional flavors (p = 0.294). Similarly, traditional versus non-traditional flavor initiation did not show a statistically significant difference in adolescent e-cigarette harm perceptions (p = 0.601).

Conclusions

Traditionally flavored e-cigarette initiation produces similar risk for addiction and harm perceptions as non-traditionally flavored initiation. These findings suggest that banning non-traditional flavors alone may be ineffective in curbing e-cigarette addiction and harm perception. Additional research is needed to better understand which e-cigarette product characteristics and behaviors may be associated with greater addiction and reduced harm perceptions.
Self-transfers and factors associated with successful tracing among persons lost to follow-up from HIV care, Sheema District, Southwestern Uganda: retrospective medical records review, 2017–2021
Authors: Ssemwogerere Arnold , Kamya Javilla Kakooza , Nuwasasira Lillian , Ahura Claire , Isooba Derrick Isaac , Wakida Edith K. , Obua Celestino , Migisha Richard
Published: September 2022

Background

Due to improved coverage and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), patients are increasingly transferring between ART-providing sites. Self-transfers may constitute a high proportion of patients considered lost to follow-up (LTFU), and if overlooked when reporting patients who have dropped out of HIV care, may result in an incorrect estimation of retention. We determined the prevalence of self-transfers, and successful tracing, and identified associated factors among people living with HIV (PLHIV) LTFU from care at public health facilities in Sheema District, Southwestern Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective medical records review during February and March 2022. We included records of all PLHIV who were LTFU from 2017 to 2021, and who were registered at government-owned ART clinics in Sheema District. LTFU was considered for those who were not taking ART refills for a period of ≥ 3 months. We abstracted demographic and clinical data from medical records at the selected clinics. Participants were traced via phone calls or in-person to ascertain the outcomes of LTFU. We performed multivariate modified Poisson regression to identify factors associated with self-transfer, and successful tracing.

Results

Overall, 740 patients were identified as LTFU from three ART-providing clinics; of these, 560 (76%) were self-transfers. The mean age was 30 (SD ± 10) years, and most (69%, n = 514) were female; the majority (87%, 641/740) were successfully traced. Age (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.25, P = 0.026 for those aged 18–30 years compared to > 30 years), female sex (aPR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.25, P < 0.001), and having WHO clinical stage 1–2 (aPR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.89–3.91, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with self-transfer. Presence of a phone contact in the patient’s file (aPR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.90, P = 0.026) was associated with successful tracing of the patients considered LTFU.

Conclusion

Self-transfers accounted for the majority of patients recorded as LTFU, highlighting the need to account for self-transfers among patients considered LTFU, to accurately estimate retention in care. ART-providing facilities should regularly update contact information for PLHIV to enable successful tracing, in the event that the patients are LTFU. This calls for a health-tracking system that easily identifies self-transfers across ART-providing clinics using unique patient identifiers.
Obesity and critical care nutrition: current practice gaps and directions for future research
Authors: Dickerson Roland N. , Andromalos Laura , Brown J. Christian , Correia Maria Isabel T. D. , Pritts Wanda , Ridley Emma J. , Robinson Katie N. , Rosenthal Martin D. , van Zanten Arthur R. H.
Published: September 2022

Background

This review has been developed following a panel discussion with an international group of experts in the care of patients with obesity in the critical care setting and focuses on current best practices in malnutrition screening and assessment, estimation of energy needs for patients with obesity, the risks and management of sarcopenic obesity, the value of tailored nutrition recommendations, and the emerging role of immunonutrition. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) increasingly present with overweight and obesity that require individualized nutrition considerations due to underlying comorbidities, immunological factors such as inflammation, and changes in energy expenditure and other aspects of metabolism. While research continues to accumulate, important knowledge gaps persist in recognizing and managing the complex nutritional needs in ICU patients with obesity. Available malnutrition screening and assessment tools are limited in patients with obesity due to a lack of validation and heterogeneous factors impacting nutrition status in this population. Estimations of energy and protein demands are also complex in patients with obesity and may include estimations based upon ideal, actual, or adjusted body weight. Evidence is still sparse on the role of immunonutrition in patients with obesity, but the presence of inflammation that impacts immune function may suggest a role for these nutrients in hemodynamically stable ICU patients. Educational efforts are needed for all clinicians who care for complex cases of critically ill patients with obesity, with a focus on strategies for optimal nutrition and the consideration of issues such as weight stigma and bias impacting the delivery of care.

Conclusions

Current nutritional strategies for these patients should be undertaken with a focus on individualized care that considers the whole person, including the possibility of preexisting comorbidities, altered metabolism, and chronic stigma, which may impact the provision of nutritional care. Additional research should focus on the applicability of current guidelines and evidence for nutrition therapy in populations with obesity, especially in the setting of critical illness.
Existence analysis on a coupled multiorder system of FBVPs involving integro-differential conditions
Authors: Samadi Ayub , Mohammadi Jamshid , Mursaleen M.
Published: September 2022

In this research study, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a coupled multiorder system of fractional differential equations involving coupled integro-differential boundary conditions in the Riemann–Liouville setting. The presented results are obtained via classical Banach principle along with Leray–Schauder and Krasnosel’skiĭ’s fixed-point theorems. Examples are included to support the effectiveness of the obtained results.
“Weebles wobble but they also commit to lifelong relationships”: teachers’ transdisciplinary learning in computational play
Authors: Gravel Brian E. , Millner Amon , Tucker-Raymond Eli , Olivares Maria C. , Wagh Aditi
Published: September 2022

Background

Computational approaches in STEM foster creative extrapolations of ideas that extend the bounds of human perception, processing, and sense-making. Inviting teachers to explore computational approaches in STEM presents opportunities to examine shifting relationships to inquiry that support transdisciplinary learning in their classrooms. Similarly, play has long been acknowledged as activity that supports learners in taking risks, exploring the boundaries and configurations of existing structures, and imagining new possibilities. Yet, play is often overlooked as a crucial element of STEM learning, particularly for adolescents and adults. In this paper, we explorecomputational playas an activity that supports teachers’ transdisciplinary STEM learning. We build from an expansive notion of computational activity that involves jointly co-constructing and co-exploring rule-based systems in conversation with materials, collaborators, and communities to work towards jointly defined goals. We situate computation within STEM-rich making as a playful context for engaging in authentic, creative inquiry. Our research asksWhat are the characteristics of play and computation within computational play? And, in what ways does computational play contribute to teachers’ transdisciplinary learning?

Results

Teachers from grades 3–12 participated in a professional learning program that centered playful explorations of materials and tools using computational approaches: making objects based on rules that produce emergent behaviors and iterating on those rules to observe the effects on how the materials behaved. Using a case study and descriptions of the characteristics of computational play, our results show how familiarity of materials and the context of play encouraged teachers to engage in transdisciplinary inquiry, to ask questions about how materials behave, and to renegotiate their own relationships to disciplinary learning as they reflected on their work.

Conclusions

We argue computational play is a space of wonderment where iterative conversations with materials create opportunities for learners to author forms of transdisciplinary learning. Our results show how teachers and students can learn together in computational play, and we conclude this work can contribute to ongoing efforts in the design of professional and transdisciplinary learning environments focused on the intersections of materiality, play, and computation.
Student Motivations and Barriers toward Online and In-Person Office Hours in STEM Courses
Authors: Hsu Jeremy L. , Rowland-Goldsmith Melissa , Schwartz Elaine Benaksas
Published: September 2022

Office hours are one of the most common support mechanisms found in STEM courses. Despite their prevalence, little work has examined student motivations and barriers toward attending office hours. This article explores these student perceptions at a primarily undergraduate institution and also compares student and instructor views of office hours.
Inflammation and Clinical Decline After Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Older Adults With Breast Cancer: Results From the Hurria Older Patients Prospective Study
Authors: Ji Jingran , Sun Can-Lan , Cohen Harvey J. , Synold Timothy , Muss Hyman , Sedrak Mina S.
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE

Older breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of clinical decline after adjuvant chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether inflammatory markers assessed before adjuvant chemotherapy are associated with chemotherapy-induced clinical decline in a population of fit older adults with breast cancer.

METHODS

In a prospective study of women age ≥ 65 years with stage I-III breast cancer treated with chemotherapy, we measured interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) prechemotherapy (T1). We assessed frailty status, using a Deficit Accumulation Index (DAI; categorized as robust, prefrail, and frail), at T1 and postchemotherapy (T2). The population of interest was robust women at T1. The primary outcome was chemotherapy-induced decline in frailty status, defined as decline in DAI from robust (T1) to prefrail or frail (T2). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between inflammatory markers and the primary outcome, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS

Of the 295 robust women at T1, 76 (26%) experienced chemotherapy-induced decline in frailty status, among whom 66% had high IL-6, 63% had high CRP, and 46% had high IL-6 and CRP at T1. After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, women with high IL-6 and CRP had a > three-fold (odds ratio, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.55 to 8.01; P = .003) odds of chemotherapy-induced decline in frailty status compared with women with low IL-6 and CRP.

CONCLUSION

In this cohort of older women with early breast cancer who were clinically fit before chemotherapy initiation, high IL-6 and CRP prechemotherapy were associated with chemotherapy-induced decline in frailty status independent of sociodemographic and clinical risk factors. Further research is needed to examine whether inflammatory markers can inform more personalized approaches to treating older breast cancer survivors.
MRI characteristics and correlation with pathology of an unusual inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder
Authors: Ma Wanling , Huang Xu , Xie Nanai , Tan Qi , Zhang Heng , Zhu Yuhui , Li Xingzhi
Published: September 2022

We report a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder (IMTB) that arises from left posterior bladder wall. The IMTB usually demonstrates slight hypointensity on T1WI, heterogeneous bright hyperintensity on T2WI, hyperintensity on DWI, and no restricted diffusion on ADC map. IMTB exhibits irregular ring enhancement and scatters stripe-like enhancement in central area with progressive and persistent enhancement pattern on CE-MRI. High-contrast multisequence MRI may be a potential technique to distinguish IMTB from other bladder tumors.
Pulmonary metastases from mucinous colorectal cancers and their appearance on CT: a case series
Authors: Jackson Jonathan Ian Fairburn , Au-Yong Iain T H , Higashi Yutaro , Silverman Rafael , Clarke Christopher G D
Published: September 2022

Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma represents a small proportion of all colorectal cancers, characterised by mucinous tumour components. While its pattern of metastatic spread differs from that of conventional colorectal adenocarcinoma, pulmonary metastases are commonly seen in both mucinous and non-mucinous types.

The assessment of pulmonary nodules in the context of malignancy is a commonly encountered problem for the radiologist given the high prevalence of benign pulmonary lesions. Low density of a pulmonary nodule on CT evaluation is one of the recognised and well-documented features of benignity that is used in the radiological assessment of such nodules.

We present three cases of patients with histologically proven mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma with evidence of pulmonary metastases. In all cases, the metastases were of low density on CT and in one case were initially suspected to represent benign hamartomatous lesions.

There has been little documented about the density of mucinous pulmonary metastases on CT. We suspect the low density seen in the metastases in each case is accounted for by their high internal mucinous components.

The cases presented here demonstrate the importance of recognising that mucinous colorectal metastases can be of low density and therefore mimic benign pathology. This review may help the radiologist to consider shorter interval follow-up of such lesions in the context of known mucinous neoplasms, or to investigate for an extrathoracic mucinous carcinoma in the presence of multiple low-density pulmonary nodules.
Molecular phylogeny of Populus (Salicaceae, Salicales) with focus on inter- and intrasectional relationships
Authors: Du Shuhui , Hu Xiaoyan , Yang Yujie , Wang Zhaoshan
Published: September 2022

The relationships among sections and species within each section in the genus Populus have attracted much attention from taxonomists and biologists. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of Populus phylogenetics and discuss the origin of some hybrid species. There has been some controversy surrounding the origin of the genus Populus in North America and subsequent dispersal and differentiation in other parts of the world. We present the most plausible scenario based on phylogenetic analysis and fossil records. Sections Abaso, Turanga and Populus are all monophyletic, whereas sections Aigeiros, Tacamahaca and Leucoidesshow some degree of polyphyly. Sections Abaso and Turanga are relatively primitive lineages in Populus. With the accumulation of sequencing data and new analytical tools, it will be possible to investigate more complicated issues concerning genus Populus within a phylogenetic framework.
STUDY ON THE PENETRATION DEPTH OF SHAPED CHARGE JETS INTO HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE TARGETS
Authors: SHI JIN , XIAO QIANG-QIANG , HUANG ZHENG-XIANG
Published: September 2022

The performance of high-strength concrete in jet penetration was investigated in this paper. The penetration results of the two sizes shaped charge jet penetrating four strength concrete tests were compared. The factors affecting the jet's penetration of concrete were analyzed. It was found that the dynamic impedance played a dominant role in weakening the jet penetration ability, whereas the static impedance of the target had little effect on the penetration depth of the jet. The effect of the target strength showed only a very limited improvement in the ability to resist penetration, although its role was gradually manifested with decreasing penetration speed and increasing compressive strength of the target. A revised and concise penetration depth prediction model was established based on the cavity expansion theory and Forrestal equation. The calculation error of the model is very small and it is suitable for concrete of a variety strengths.
SENSITIVITY STUDY OF X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATING THE MASS AND STRIKING VELOCITY OF EMBEDDED FRAGMENTS IN PLYWOOD RECOVERY MEDIA
Authors: GABRIEL UTA , DESROCHES MATHIEU , BAILLARGEON YVES , PAGEAU GILLES , FRANCUS PIERRE
Published: September 2022

X-ray computed tomography coupled to the automated data analysis tool FragFinder was used to study six targets impacted by 11 different projectiles. Extracted projectile DOP, volumes, and densities provided a sufficient database for predicting impact velocity. The obtained precision is estimated to be in the range of ± 12 % with similar contributions of projectile density (± 2.2 %) and volume (± 2.8 %). The main observed challenges are the necessary high image resolution for small projectiles combined with the generally large size of recovery media (targets) and the presence of certain metals such as Zr, Mo and Pb in projectiles. Their high atomic number and density are causing CT image artefacts and measurement saturation, even at low concentration levels.
MICROSCALE DEPTH OF PENETRATION AND OBLIQUE IMPACT OF UNIDIRECTIONAL GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITES
Authors: S. MEYER CHRISTOPHER , CATUGAS ISABEL G. , GILLESPIE, JR. JOHN W. , HAQUE BAZLE Z. (GAMA)
Published: September 2022

Spacesuits and spacecraft must endure high velocity impacts from micrometeoroids. This work considers the impact of 100 μm diameter projectiles into composite targets at velocities from 0.5 km/s to 2 km/s. This work begins by presenting an energy-based theoretical model relating depth of penetration (DoP) and impact force to impact velocity, characteristic time, and threshold velocity and force. Next, this work compares numerical simulations of normal impact on composites to the theoretical model. Numerical simulations are conducted with LS-DYNA and the well-known composite model, MAT-162. The numerical models consider unidirectional S2-glass fiber reinforced SC-15 epoxy composite laminates. The numerical model shows good correlation with the theoretical model. The numerical model also investigates lateral impact, parallel to the fiber direction, and oblique impact at angles from 30° to 82.5°. This work decomposes oblique impact into normal and lateral components, and compares them with normal and lateral impact results. The results show good correlation of the normal component of oblique results with the theoretical model. This numerical and theoretical study focuses on DoP, velocity, and penetration resistance force as functions of time. The theoretical model and numerical simulations are used to determine new DoP parameters: characteristic time of depth of penetration and threshold impact velocity. These models are a first step in developing the capability to predict DoP for oblique, microscale, high-speed impact on composite materials.
STUDY ON IMPACT INDUCED FRAGMENTATION OF W/ZR ALLOY
Authors: WANG CHUANTING , YANG YIZHE , HE YONG , HE YUAN , GUO LEI , MA YUE , ZHANG ZHENWEI
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the static and dynamic mechanical properties of tungsten-zirconium alloy and the impact crushing law of the material were studied, and the fracture morphology of the recovered samples was observed under scanning electron microscope. The true stress-strain curves under static and dynamic conditions were obtained by quasi-static compression experiment and split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment. It was found that the increase of tungsten content would decrease the plasticity and increase the yield strength of the material. The relationship between the residual mass of tungstenzirconium alloys and the size of the fragments under the impact velocity was obtained by Taylor impact experiment. It was found that the power law distribution theory for brittle materials could also describe the impact fragmentation of binary tungsten-zirconium alloys with non-brittle properties.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUM ALLOY AA2014-T652 UNDER HIGH IMPACT VELOCITY
Authors: ATOUI OUSSAMA , MAAZOUN AZER , MOUMEN ABDELHAFIDH , BELKASSEM BACHIR , PYL LINCY , LECOMPTE DAVID
Published: September 2022

The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of the impact and perforation of a high velocity rigid steel spherical projectile through an Aluminum plate AA2014-T652 using the commercial software LS-DYNA. These numerical investigations are performed in the velocity range from 800 m/s to 1300 m/s. The target plate with a thickness of 15mm and the spherical projectile with a diameter of 10mm are modelled using three-dimensional elements (3D) in a Lagrangian formulation. A hydrostatic tensile stress failure model combined with the Johnson and Cook constitutive model is used to highlight the dynamic failure of the target. The different failure mechanisms observed on the Aluminum plate from the moment of impact to full perforation are discussed. The numerical results based on the crater diameter at the front and rear surface of the plate and the dimensions of the penetration channel are compared to the experimental data available in literature.
RESPONSE OF BRICK MASONRY WALLS TO RPG-7 THREAT
Authors: KREST’AN JAN , RIDKY RADEK , ROLC STANISLAV , BUCHAR JAROSLAV
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with the problem of RPG-7 (rocket propelled grenade) impact on the brick wall with SLAT armour. The scenario when the warhead is deactivated on SLAT armour, continue to move with some reduced velocity and interact with brick masonry wall is solved. The detonation of the explosive without jet formation is also considered. Experimental and numerical study of the brick masonry walls interaction with such was performed. Unreinforced walls and walls reinforced by using of steel add-on plates have been tested. Numerical simulations were carried out to estimate the response and damage of reinforced and unreinforced brick masonry walls subjected to RPG-7 threat based on the transient dynamic finite element program LSDYNA. The numerical simulation was used for the evaluation of the effect of the steel add-on plate thickness on the ballistic resistance of the masonry wall to the RPG -7 threat.
THERMAL ENERGY ANALYSIS OF PROJECTILES DURING RICOCHETING USING A THERMAL CAMERA
Authors: MARASINSKI MARCIN , SZCZUROWSKI KRZYSZTOF , WISNIEWSKI ADAM , BADUROWICZ PRZEMYSLAW , TUSNIO NORBERT , BARTKOWIAK TADEUSZ
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the results of a study of the hazards of ground ignition and/or explosion when various small-calibre projectiles strike various solid materials placed on a test stand in environments at risk of ignition (fire) or explosion (ricochets, projectile penetration of obstacles). For projectile ricocheting tests, the following were used: armour plate, concrete, sidewalk and granite slabs, etc., and various small-calibre projectiles. Projectiles impacts were recorded with a high-speed camera and thermal camera. The ignition capability of solid flammable materials during projectile ricocheting was studied, and the temperatures and surface areas of isotherms were measured as a function of time. From the spherical distribution of thermal energy radiation in space, their volume, mass of air occupying the studied area, masses of projectile disintegrating into fragments (after impact), thermal energy during projectile ricocheting, histograms of area temperatures, temperature, were calculated.
RESEARCH ON DISTRIBUTION OF BEHIND-ARMOR DEBRIS FROM PENETRATION OF TARGET BY EFP WITH DIFFERENT LENGTH-DIAMETER RATIO
Authors: HUANG XUAN-NING , LI WEI-BING , LI WEN-BIN , WANG XIAO-MING , GUO TENG-FEI
Published: September 2022

To research the distribution of behind-armor debris (BAD) of explosively formed penetrator (EFP) more comprehensively, three EFPs with different length-diameter ratio (L/D) were designed, and experimental study on the dispersion characteristics of BAD from EFP penetrating 45# steel target was carried out. The morphology and scattering characteristics of debris cloud after EFP penetrating steel target were observed by X-ray photography and high-speed photography, and BAD were recovered by the method of stacking fiber plates and polystyrene plates. The mass spatial distribution law of projectile material and target material fragments was obtained. Results indicate that the increase in EFP L/D has a greater increase on the normalized axial expansion velocity of debris cloud than the radial expansion velocity. The average mass and perforation area of fragment corresponding to the relative accumulation value of 1/2 both decrease with the increase of the EFP L/D. The increase of EFP L/D mainly enhances the concentration of the EFP fragment mass towards the residual penetrator axis, but has little effect on the target fragment mass, which is basically uniformly distributed along the scattering angle.
PERFORMANCE OF A TANTALUM FOR APPLICATIONS OF EXPLOSIVELY FORMED PROJECTILES
Authors: WANG G. S.
Published: September 2022

The deformation rate of explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) are extremely high, at the strain rate orders of more than a half million strain per second. The deformation occurs often at the magnitude of several hundred percent of strain, and the adiabatic heat is considerable. Challenges for developing a material model suitable for simulations of the projectile lies in the limitation of material testing where the strain rates used often are several orders of magnitude lower than what occurs in EFP projectiles. In this work, an effort is made to establish a dislocation thermal dynamics based model for a batch of tantalum to characterise its material behaviour at extreme strain rate, magnitude, and temperature, based on conventional material test results for both room and elevated temperatures at moderate strain rates. The validation of numerical simulations with this model for the EFP test results shows that there is a potential with the theoretical model based on the dislocation movement for such applications.
CONCRETE CHARACTERIZATION FOR BALLISTIC THREAT
Authors: ABDULHAMID HAKIM , DECONINCK PAUL , MESPOULET JÉRÔME
Published: September 2022

This ongoing study aims at building a robust approach for reliable simulation of concrete behavior under ballistic impact of Kinetic Energy Penetrator (KEP) from concrete characterization to penetration efficiency. The Holmquist-Johnson-Cook concrete (JHC) material model is used combined with advanced capabilities of γ-SPH formulation available in IMPETUS AFEATM software. A common concrete used in building industry is considered for the study (~35MPa compressive strength). To limit the number of tests, only the most relevant data regarding the penetration phenomena have been investigated: quasi-static compression and dynamic oedometric compression tests have been realized. The impact test is conducted on a confined concrete cylinder at hypersonic speed. The test is instrumented to evaluate the model prediction in terms of projectile deceleration and depth of penetration. The numerical simulation results are in good correlation with the tests and higher impact speed up to 900 m/s will be investigated soon.
APPLICATION OF A BUILDING BLOCK APPROACH (BBA) FOR A HIGH STRENGTH STEEL TRIAXIALITY DEPENDENT STRENGTH MODEL CALIBRATION: FROM DATA COLLECTION TO MODEL VALIDATION
Authors: MESPOULET JÉRÔME , ABDULHAMID HAKIM , DECONINCK PAUL
Published: September 2022

This paper details a Building Block Approach (BBA) methodology developed to fit a material model for a High Strength Steel (HSS) faced to blast/ballistic events. This model includes mesh sensitivity, strain rate influence and triaxiality effect on plastic failure. Data collection in different loading conditions in quasi-static and dynamic regimes has been done. A unique set of parameters have been found by an optimization loop that combines both characterization tests and associated numerical simulations. Validation tests on large square clamped plates at two velocities have been performed in different triaxiality conditions using three nose shapes (flat, hemispheric and conical) to confirm the optimized set of parameters at failure initiation and with perforation. Final numerical simulation of the validation tests showed that the final set of parameters brings a very good agreement: less than 5% discrepancy on remaining kinetic energies.
„Przyjaciele polskich książek” i „słudzy doskonałości”
Authors: Solová Regina
Published: September 2022

“FRIENDS OF POLISH BOOKS” AND “SERVANTS OF EXCELLENCE”: TRANSLATORS’ PROFILES IN THE MONTHLY POLAND (1970-1981)

The paper deals with the image of translators in the monthly Poland in the years 1970-1981. Forty articles are analysed with the intention of testing the hypothesis that the promotion of the profiles of translators in the journal was part of a broader campaign launched by the authorities of the Polish People’s Republic to promote the country abroad. The publications in which translators were called “friends of Polish books” and “servants of excellence” were to build a positive image of Poland as a country with an exemplary foreign cultural policy in which translation played an important role. The question to what extent the image-oriented efforts of translators convinced readers about the cultural policy of the Polish People’s Republic remains open.
Robust Team Orienteering Problem with Decreasing Profits
Authors: Yu Qinxiao , Cheng Chun , Zhu Ning
Published: September 2022

This paper studies a robust variant of the team orienteering problem with decreasing profits, where a fleet of vehicles are dispatched to serve customers with decreasing profits in a limited time horizon. The service times at customers are assumed to be uncertain, which are characterized by a budgeted uncertainty set. Our goal is to determine the set of customers to be served and the routes for the vehicles such that the collected profit is maximized; meanwhile, all the planned routes remain feasible for any realization of service times within the uncertainty set. We propose a two-index robust formulation for the problem, which is defined using constraints based on dynamic programming recursive equations and can be directly solved by a general-purpose optimization solver. We also present a route-based formulation for the problem, which is solved by a tailored branch-and-price (B&P) algorithm. To tackle large-size instances efficiently, we further implement a tabu search (TS) algorithm. Numerical tests show that our B&P algorithm can solve most instances with 100 customers to optimality within 30 minutes and that the TS algorithm can find high-quality solutions within a few seconds. Moreover, we find that in most cases, the robust solutions can significantly reduce the probability of deadline violations in simulation tests with only a slight compromise of profit compared with the solutions generated by the deterministic model.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72201267, 72101049, 72122015, 71971154] and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Civil Aviation University of China [Grant 3122022093].

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1240 .
Black Students and the U.S. Anti-Apartheid Movements on Campus, 1976-1985
Authors: Hall Amanda Joyce
Published: September 2022

This essay discusses the Black student anti-apartheid activism on campus from 1976 to 1985, and emphasizes the importance of HBCU’s as early incubators for anti-apartheid activism. It highlights the transnational interconnectedness of African Americans and Africans, referencing African America’s long-standing solidarity with African liberation movements, and suggests this coalition and its results are indicative of the power of previous generations of Black radicalism expressed in Civil Rights, Black Power, and anti-colonialism movements.
From Civil Rights To Black Power: The Hidden History Of Black Community College Activism In Chicago
Authors: Dixon Frederick Douglas
Published: September 2022

During the rise of the Black Power movement, the Afro-American History Club fought for control of Chicago’s Woodrow Wilson Junior College, by challenging the viability of the college’s mostly Eurocentric curriculum for Black students. In doing so, they found themselves in public battles with Chicago’s mayor, Richard J. Daley. As America’s most powerful mayor, Daley controlled the City Colleges of Chicago campuses with a system of political nepotism that fixed Black students at the lowest rung of the educational strata. This chapter critically examines the fight between the Afro-American History Club and “Pharoah” Daley in 1967-1968. Also, it investigates the impact of Daley politics on student activism and protest at Woodrow Wilson Junior College during the growth and development of the Black Power movement.
Internet-based Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depressive symptomatology in individuals with type 1 diabetes (WEB_TDDI1 study): A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Carreira Mónica , Ruiz de Adana María Soledad , Pinzón José Luis , Anarte-Ortiz María Teresa
Published: September 2022

Background

Professionals need adequate tools to help patients with diabetes and depression. Although web programs integrating cognitive-behavioral therapy with diabetes education have shown good results, no similar approach has been performed as yet in Spain. The objective is to develop an Internet-based program for the treatment of mild-moderate depressive symptomatology in individuals with type 1 diabetes (WEB_TDDI1 study) based on Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and assess its results.

Methods

A 2-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Adults with type 1 diabetes and mild-moderate depressive symptoms will be screened to participate in the study and randomly assigned to either the treatment group (TG) that will use a Web-based application for a specific 9-week intervention in depression and type 1 diabetes or the control group (CG) that will be on the waiting list during that time.

Results

Data on the primary variable (depressive symptoms) and secondary variables (treatment-related distress, anxiety, fear of hypoglycemia, quality of life, treatment adherence, coping strategies and glycemic control) will be collected from the TG at the beginning/baseline, at the end of treatment and at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. The CG will be assessed at the beginning and at the end of the TG intervention. On completion of the program by the TG, the treatment will then be carried out in the CG.

Conclusions

The new web application developed is expected to be effective for the treatment of mild-moderate depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 diabetes, reducing depressive symptoms and improving the rest of the analyzed variables.

Trial registration

Registry: NCT03473704 (March 21, 2018); ClinicalTrials.gov.
Same-gender citations do not indicate a substantial gender homophily bias
Authors: Tekles Alexander , Auspurg Katrin , Bornmann Lutz
Published: September 2022

Can the male citation advantage (more citations for papers written by male than female scientists) be explained by gender homophily bias, i.e., the preference of scientists to cite other scientists of the same gender category? Previous studies report much evidence that this is the case. However, the observed gender homophily bias may be overestimated by overlooking structural aspects such as the gender composition of research topics in which scientists specialize. When controlling for research topics at a high level of granularity, there is only little evidence for a gender homophily bias in citation decisions. Our study points out the importance of controlling structural aspects such as gendered specialization in research topics when investigating gender bias in science.