bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Теоретическая база исследования интеграционного потенциала торговли
Authors: Панюкова Вероника Васильевна
Published: May 2016

В условиях турбулентности рынка и трансформации подходов к формированию торговой политики проблема формирования и дальнейшего развития интеграционного потенциала торговых организаций является ключевой как для органов власти, так и для самих торговых организаций. Автором определены основные черты интеграционного потенциала торговли, проанализированы факторы, непосредственно влияющие на рост интеграционного потенциала. Обозначены угрозы, с которыми может столкнуться руководство торговых организаций в условиях возрастания интеграционного потенциала торговой отрасли.
Корпоративная социальная ответственность в торговом бизнесе
Authors: Иванов Геннадий Геннадьевич , Майорова Елена Александровна
Published: May 2016

Эффективная реализация концепции корпоративной социальной ответственности способствует улучшению экономических результатов работы торговой организации, что обусловлено в первую очередь формированием устойчивой положительной репутации, которая для хозяйствующего в торговле субъекта во многом определяется мнением о нем покупателей. В этой связи цель настоящей статьи – определить, какие составляющие корпоративной социальной ответственности розничных торговых организаций являются для покупателей наиболее (наименее) значимыми. В результате проведенного исследования (опроса) было выявлено, что наиболее существенной с точки зрения покупателей составляющей социальной ответственности торговли является высокое качество реализуемых товаров и оказываемых услуг, а также справедливая политика в сфере управления трудовыми ресурсами. Наименее важным признаком социально ответственных розничных торговых организаций, по мнению покупателей, выступает благотворительная работа.
Выявление причинно-следственной связи между государственными расходами и общественно желаемыми результатами
Authors: Белев Сергей Геннадьевич , Тищенко Татьяна Владимировна
Published: May 2016

Данная статья посвящена проблеме выявления причинно-следственной связи между государственными расходами и общественно желаемыми результатами (эффектами). В рамках этой работы представлен анализ преимуществ и недостатков экспериментальных и псевдоэкспериментальных методов количественной оценки эффективности государственных расходов (поиск паро-соответствия, разность-разностей, разрывный дизайн). Кроме того, представлены примеры внедрения данных методов в практику государственного управления в США и Великобритании при оценке эффективности государственных расходов.
Анализ и моделирование рынка труда г. Сочи в постолимпийский период
Authors: Копырин Андрей Сергеевич
Published: May 2016

Статья посвящена рассмотрению возможных сценариев развития рынка труда города Сочи в постолимпийский период. На основе построенной имитационной модели социально-демографической системы муниципального образования проведен сценарный анализ ключевых показателей исследуемой области. Представлены возможные прогнозы занятости, численности населения и других индикаторов рынка труда. Статья может быть полезна всем, кто работает на рынке города-курорта Сочи, а также интересующимся проблемами системных дисбалансов рынка труда.
Влияние реаллокации занятых в неформальном секторе экономики на эффективность труда в регионах РФ
Authors: Воронина Светлана Владимировна
Published: May 2016

В статье исследуется влияние роста численности занятых в неформальном секторе экономики на агрегированную производительность труда в субъектах РФ. Выявлено, что в большинстве регионов имеет место реаллокация между занятыми в формальном и неформальном секторах, вследствие чего, меняется и производительность труда. Определены регионы, в которых неформальный сектор выполняет «донорскую» функцию по отношению к формальному. Отмечается положительный эффект от реаллокации тогда, когда институты рынка труда способствуют созданию более производительных рабочих мест. Исследование может быть интересно специалистам в области государственного регулирования рынка труда, а также широкому кругу заинтересованных лиц.
Влияние интеграции на повышение конкурентоспособности предпринимательских структур в рамках стабилизации современной российской экономики
Authors: Корнеев Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: May 2016

В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы повышения конкурентоспособности отечественных предпринимательских структур в рамках решения задачи конкурентного импортозамещения и роли внутриэкономической интеграции в этом процессе. Целью исследования является выявление, анализ и систематизация особенностей интеграционных процессов предпринимательских структур, оказывающих влияние на повышение их конкурентных преимуществ, а как следствие, на конкурентоспособность российской экономики при реализации задачи импортозамещения. Для достижения данной цели использованы эмпирические и общелогические методы исследования. В процессе исследования проанализированы и обобщены: взгляды отечественных и зарубежных научных исследователей и специалистов по вопросам интеграции, как действенного механизма повышения конкурентоспособности предпринимательских структур, а также отдельные статистические материалы по данному вопросу. В результате исследования установлена и обоснована взаимосвязь повышения конкурентоспособности предпринимательских структур с внутренними интеграционными процессами в экономике. Обозначены и представлены в виде блоков конкурентные преимущества интегрируемых предпринимательских структур. Предложены меры по использованию преимуществ внутренней интеграции для решения задачи конкурентного импортозамещения, а также широкое применение внутренней экономической интеграции на основе финансово-промышленных (сельскохозяйственных) кластеров, как наиболее перспективной её формы. Результаты работы могут быть использованы как теоретическая основа при разработке моделей экономической интеграции отечественных предпринимательских структур, а также для дальнейшего исследования теоретических основ и подходов управления конкурентоспособностью предпринимательских структур на основе их интеграции.
Концептуальные основы разработки стратегии пространственного развития в муниципальном образовании
Authors: Антипин Иван Александрович , Казакова Наталья Викторовна
Published: May 2016

В статье поднимается вопрос о необходимости учета пространственных факторов при формировании документов стратегического планирования. Представлены и обоснованы методологические особенности разработки стратегии пространственного развития. Отражена взаимосвязь стратегического и территориального планирования на примере города Екатеринбурга. Результаты выполненного исследования будут полезны органам регионального и муниципального управления при разработке основ стратегии пространственного развития, а также могут занять должное место в структуре научного знания в области региональной и муниципальной экономики.
The Apothecary by M. Meloy
Authors: Tan Maria
Published: May 2016

Meloy, Maile. The Apothecary. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 2011. Print.A recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, Los Angeles-based Maile Meloy is an acclaimed author of novels and short stories for adults. In 2007, she was named one of Granta’s 21 Best Young American Novelists. With The Apothecary, Ms. Meloy makes her entrance into book writing for a young adult audience.The Apothecary won the 2011 E.B. White Read-Aloud Award, Middle Reader category (coincidentally, the other winner that year was Wildwood, a book written by the author’s brother). Publishers Weekly, the Chicago Public Library, and Booktrust in the UK all declared The Apothecary as one of the best children’s books of 2011. Set in the mid-1900s, The Apothecary is a work of historical fiction that that takes place during the Cold War era. Fourteen-year-old Janie Scott is followed home from school one day by US Marshals, then her parents suddenly decide to move the family to London. Uprooted from her home in Hollywood, Janie receives an unusual cure for homesickness from the local apothecary. She meets Benjamin, the apothecary’s son, who takes a dim view of his father’s drug store and is much more interested in becoming an agent of the Secret Intelligence Service than aspiring to the profession of apothecary.In a cloak and dagger turn of events, Benjamin’s father is kidnapped and Janie and Benjamin are entrusted with protecting the Pharmacopeia, a book containing alchemical recipes. Along the way, they connect with a young pickpocket named Pip - the intrepid trio search for Benjamin’s father, outmaneuvering Russian spies, and playing a critical role in averting nuclear disaster. The themes of espionage, magic and mystery, with hints of romance will engage a range of readers. Ian Schoenherr’s black and white illustrations herald the start of each chapter and complement Meloy’s sombre and suspenseful tale.Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Maria TanMaria is a Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta’s H. T. Coutts Education Library. She enjoys travelling and visiting unique and far-flung libraries. An avid foodie, Maria’s motto is, “There’s really no good reason to stop the flow of snacks”.
Today is the Day by E. Walters
Authors: Aitken Leslie
Published: May 2016

Walters, Eric.  Today is the Day.  Illus. Eugenie Fernandes.  Toronto: Tundra Books, a division of Random House of Canada, 2015.Eric Walters, who has written a wealth of realistic fiction for Canadian children, now takes young audiences into the realm of fictionalized reality.  The decision to fictionalize is warranted; the unvarnished truths with which he deals are stark enough for an adult’s comprehension, let alone that of a child. A former teacher and social worker, Walters established The Creation of Hope, a foundation which runs an orphanage in the Mbooni district in Kenya.  He works with hundreds of children who have lost parents to a wide variety of causes including HIV/AIDS.  Children arrive at his orphanage because any extended family members whom they might have are too impoverished or frail to provide for them.  Today is the Day is set in the orphanage.Walters’ gift as a writer is the ability to create a positive, hopeful and believable moment in a harsh reality.  His young protagonist, Mutanu, has awakened to a day of celebration, a day when all one hundred fifteen young residents of the orphanage would receive gifts and treats and visits from extended family.  Even more exciting than these events for Mutanu and each of fifteen others, this day, July 12, was to be declared their official birthday.  Such were the circumstances of their early lives that no record of their birth exists. Now, for the very first time, Mutanu’s “… coming into the world was not forgotten but was a cause for joyous celebration.”Eugenia Fernandes’ illustrations convey the expansiveness and beauty of the Kenyan landscape, the humbleness and simplicity of the orphanage.  Her line drawings are generally realistic in perspective, whimsical in content.  Her color palette is cheerful and sunlit.  In large part, her work creates the mood of hopefulness in this book.Extensive end notes explain the purpose and setting of the Creation of Hope foundation and, as well, provide photographs of the orphanage.  The background to this story is explained, and we are introduced to the real Mutanu and some of her friends. There is no direct appeal for funds in the book itself; however, the publisher’s notes indicate that “A contribution to The Creation of Hope will be made by the author and publisher based on sales of this book in Canada.”  It seems a worthy cause.Highly Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Leslie AitkenLeslie Aitken’s long career in librarianship involved selection of literature for school, public, special and academic libraries.  She was a former Curriculum Librarian at the University of Alberta.
Unexpected relationships between vine vigor and grape composition in warm climate conditions
Authors: Bonilla Irene , Martínez De Toda Fernando , Martínez-Casasnovas José Antonio
Published: May 2016

Aim: The purpose of the research was to link vigor with grape composition in a climate change scenario.

Methods and results: This work presents a 4-year study (from 2010 to 2013) in a non-irrigated Tempranillo vineyard located in La Rioja (Spain). It is based on the acquisition of multi-spectral imagery at véraison and a subsequent zoning in two different vigor zones based on NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). All parameters related to vigor showed significant differences within the zones (total shoot length, leaf area, pruning weight). Unexpectedly, the content in anthocyanins was found to be higher in the highest vigor zone in most of the years of study, a point particularly discussed in this work.

Conclusion: Climatic conditions may affect considerably bunch microclimate and disturb the biosynthetic pathways of major grape components, leading to maturation mismatches. In hotter years, high vigor vines may favor anthocyanin accumulation through shading and protecting effects in the bunch area.
Significance and impact of the study: Many studies have shown a negative relationship between vigor and grape anthocyanins, but in the present research the opposite trend was observed in hot years.
The impact of cluster thinning on fertility and berry and wine composition of 'Blauer Portugieser' (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevine variety
Authors: Reščič Jan , Mikulič-Petkovšek Maja , Štampar Franci , Zupan Anka , Rusjan Denis
Published: May 2016

Aim: Two different yield reductions based on cluster thinning (CT) were performed to determine their impact on vine growth, yield, and grape and wine composition of 'Blauer Portugieser' grapevine variety.

Methods and results: Two levels of cluster thinning (limited CT1 – 20-30 % and severe CT2 – 40-50 % cluster reduction) were applied at the pea-size berry (BBCH 75) phenological stage in 2007, 2008 and 2011. The potential impact of CT was determined by measurements of vine growth and fertility potential, berry weight, berry colour, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH and total phenolics. Additionally, for the first time, individual phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in berry skin and wine by HPLC-MS. In general, CT of 'Blauer Portugieser' significantly decreased titratable acidity in grape and wine, and increased pH and chromatic parameters in grape and alcohol content and volatile acidity in wine. A significant decrease in yield per vine (of 0.92 kg of grape/vine), together with an increase in soluble solids (of 2.8 °Brix) in grape and pH and total extract content in wine was only observed in severe CT (CT2). Furthermore, CT2 significantly increased the content of total anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids, but not total flavanols, in grape and wine. CT2 significantly increased the content and proportion of p-coumaroyl pentose in grape and wine, catechin in grape, epicatechin in wine, quercetin-3-glucuronide (the main flavonol in 'Blauer Portugieser') in grape and wine, the content of myricetin-3-glucoside in grape, and the content of 3-glucosides of laricitrin, myricetin and quercetin in wine. Finally, CT2 increased the content and the proportion of 3-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin and peonidin but decreased the proportion of malvidin-3-glucoside in grape and wine.

Conclusion: A significant impact on yield and grape and wine composition was observed, particularly in the CT2 treatment, in which the yield loss was compensated by higher contents of soluble solids in grape, alcohol in wine, and phenolic compounds in grape and wine.

Significance and impact of the study: The present study is the first report on the impact of different levels of cluster thinning on yield and grape and wine composition of 'Blauer Portugieser' variety. Grape and wine composition has been evaluated with an emphasis on a detailed profile of individual and total phenolic contents. The results are undoubtedly useful for winegrowers, who, until now, lacked technological guidelines to optimize 'Blauer Portugieser' yield and wine quality.
Potential of landrace winery by-products (Vitis vinifera L.) as a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties
Authors: Garau Maria Carme , González-Centeno María Reyes , Luna Joana Maria , Negre Antoni , Rosselló Carmen , Femenia Antoni
Published: May 2016

Aim: To evaluate the potential of the main winery by-products – pressed pomaces, fermented pomaces and stems –, derived from minor grape varieties (Escursac, Gorgollassa and Sabater as red varieties, Giró ros and Quigat as white varieties) native to the Balearic Islands (Spain), as raw material for the production of phenolic concentrates with antioxidant properties.

Methods and results: Total phenolics, tannins and anthocyanins, as well as antioxidant capacity of winery by-products were spectrophotometrically evaluated and compared to those of Cabernet sauvignon and Chardonnay varieties. In general, stems presented higher average total phenolic (5.57 ± 1.25 g/100 g dm) and total tannin (10.26 ± 2.10 g/100 g dm) contents than the corresponding pomaces, with the landrace variety Escursac being that which exhibited the highest values (p < 0.05). For pomaces, those sampled after the fermentation process presented larger amounts of polyphenols than those collected just after the pressing process, and the fermented pomaces from the autochthonous varieties Escursac and Sabater were those with the highest potential.

Conclusion: The present research demonstrated that landrace minor varieties denoted similar, or even higher, phenolic and antioxidant potential than the reference grape varieties. The characterization performed might be the basis for their integrated use and revalorization as promising sources of phenolic concentrates, despite not having still undergone the selection process that the traditional grape varieties have been subjected to as a result of decades of intensive production.

Significance and impact of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of winery by-products from grape varieties native to the Balearic Islands are examined. Due to the increasing use of these minor grape varieties in winemaking, the phenolic characterization of their by-products is of great interest for the wine sector, which could exploit these underutilized resources more efficiently and extensively so as to support sustainable agricultural production.
Certified clone and powdery mildew impact rotundone in red wine from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Duras N
Authors: Geffroy Olivier , Yobrégat Olivier , Dufourcq Thierry , Siebert Tracey , Serrano Eric
Published: May 2016

Aim: Few recent studies have been investigating the effect of clone on aroma compounds. The aim of this research work was to study the impact of certified clones from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Duras N on grape quality and rotundone, a sesquiterpene responsible for peppery aroma which has been reported recently in red wines made from this cultivar.

Methods and results: The experimental site consisted of four consecutive rows, each row planted with one of the four certified clones of Duras N (554, 555, 627 and 654). For each clone, measurements were replicated on three experimental units per row. Each experimental unit consisted of twelve continuous vines. Rotundone concentration was measured in wines prepared by microvinification techniques (1-L Erlenmeyer flasks). For both vintages of study, rotundone concentrations were significantly higher in wines from clones 554 and 654 in comparison with clone 555, while clone 627 showed an intermediate level. In 2014, differences in powdery mildew (PM) severity on clusters were identified between the four clones and a positive logarithmic correlation (r2 = 0.58) was reported on the experimental site between rotundone in wines and PM severity on grapes.

Conclusion: Our results found differences in rotundone concentrations in wines made from the four Duras N certified clones. The results also suggested that grapevine defence response to PM could enhance rotundone production in berries. Clonal differences in susceptibility to biotic stress, such as PM, might explain the differences observed in rotundone concentrations between the four studied clones.

Significance and impact of the study: Our results may assist grape growers to produce high quality wines with a desired aroma attribute made from Duras N. One should consider planting clone 554 in order to promote high levels of rotundone in wines made from this cultivar.
Regional-scale analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: the case of Burgundy vineyards
Authors: Bouffaud Marie-Lara , Bernaud Eric , Colombet Annie , Van Tuinen Diederik , Wipf Daniel , Redecker Dirk
Published: May 2016

Aim: To improve knowledge of arbuscular fungal communities for a sustainable management in vineyards.

Methods and results: In 16 plots across Burgundy under contrasted soil properties and agricultural practices, we assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity in vine roots, using pyrosequencing of ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS). AMF sequences could be retrieved from all plots across Burgundy, both in organic and in conventional vineyards with high chemical inputs. Sequences from the survey were almost exclusively affiliated to molecular taxa in the Glomerales, including six “core species” found in all plots, corresponding to 77% of all sequences, suggesting a relatively low species diversity in vine roots. A large part of the molecular taxa had no close similarity to previously-reported sequences.

Conclusion: AMF diversity observed in vine roots was relatively low and a significant proportion of molecular taxa shared between the sites. Nevertheless, some differences in the AMF community composition were observed between the plots.
Significance and impact of the study: This is the first large-scale study of AMF diversity in French vineyards using high-throughput sequencing, which will contribute to a better understanding of ecology of these fungi in vine roots, thus providing essential knowledge for future applications in sustainable agriculture in vineyards
Net Returns from Segregating Dark Northern Spring Wheat by Protein Concentration during Harvest
Authors: Long Dan S. , McCallum John D. , Martin Charles T. , Capalbo Susan
Published: May 2016

In‐line, optical sensing has been developed for on‐combine measurement and mapping of grain protein concentration (GPC). The objective of this study was to estimate changes in costs and net returns from using this technology for segregation of the dark northern spring (DNS) subclass of hard red wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by GPC. Site‐specific GPC and yield data were obtained from 21 DNS wheat fields in northern Montana over 11 yr (1994–2004). Several hundred measurements of GPC were obtained within each field by means of whole grain spectroscopy. A calculator was built to predict the best economic point at which to segregate grain into two bins and define the protein level and quantity of each volume of grain. Partial budget analysis was used to estimate net returns and determine if segregating wheat was more profitable than bulking wheat in one bin. Segregation consistently increased the value of each megagram of grain if the GPC of a field was below the upper limit of a price schedule and also did not coincide with a price step. Added income was insufficient to offset costs of segregation based on 21‐yr (1994–2014) average market prices. Costs could be offset in years when prices were sharply higher than average 21‐yr prices. These results suggest that grain segregation may be profitable under certain conditions. Further refinements to the technique are needed to reduce equipment costs and benefit the producer.

Core Ideas

New optical sensors are potentially useful for segregating grain by protein content during harvest.

Segregating grain may increase profitability if added income exceeds added costs.

Profits are possible under the right circumstances.
Solubility of Iron, Manganese, and Magnesium Sulfates and Glucoheptonates in Two Alkaline Soils
Authors: Shaddox Travis W. , Unruh J. Bryan , Kruse Jason K. , Restuccia Natasha G.
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas

Iron, Mn, and Mg solubility decreased in as short a time as 1 h.

Mg declined only by 10% in 3 wk, but Fe was 93% or more insoluble in 1 h.

Glucoheptonate did not increase solubility compared with sulfate in alkaline soils.

Sulfate and glucoheptonate forms of Fe, Mn, and Mg are commonly applied to horticultural and agricultural crops. Once these metals enter the soil solution, their solubility may be limited. Glucoheptonate may prolong soil solubility, but its influence in alkaline soils has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the solubility of Fe, Mn, and Mg sulfates and glucoheptonates in two alkaline soils. A Tavares sand (a hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamment) and a Fuquay loamy sand (a loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Plinthic Kandiudult) were incubated with soluble Fe, Mn, or Mg applied as either the sulfate or the glucoheptonate. At 1 h, 4 h, 1 d, and 1, 2, and 3 wk, soils were extracted with 0.01 mol L−1 CaCl2 and analyzed for Fe, Mn, or Mg. At 1 h, approximately 98 and 93% of applied Fe was insoluble in the Tavares sand and Fuquay loamy sand, respectively. The greatest differences between soils occurred with Mn solubility, with 54 and 20% rendered insoluble in Tavares sand and Fuquay loamy sand, respectively, at 1 h. Soluble Mg declined at 1 h by 10%, with no further reductions throughout the 3‐wk incubation. Soil applications of Fe as sulfate or glucoheptonate should be avoided. Applications of Mn sulfate or glucoheptonate may lead to increased soil solubility immediately following the application but may rapidly decline. Magnesium, however, remains soluble for as much as 3 wks. Glucoheptonate did not increase the solubility of Fe, Mn, or Mg compared with sulfate in either soil.
Newer Oral Anticoagulants: Stroke Prevention and Pitfalls
Authors: Patel Anand , Goddeau Jr Richard P. , Henninger Nils
Published: May 2016

Warfarin is very effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, its use is limited due to fear of hemorrhagic complications, unpredictable anticoagulant effects related to multiple drug interactions and dietary restrictions, a narrow therapeutic window, frequent difficulty maintaining the anticoagulant effect within a narrow therapeutic window, and the need for inconvenient monitoring. Several newer oral anticoagulants have been approved for primary and secondary prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. These agents have several advantages relative to warfarin therapy. As a group, these direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), which include the direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, and the factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban), are more effective than dose adjusted warfarin for prevention of all-cause stroke (including both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke), and have an overall more favorable safety profile. Nevertheless, an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (with the exception of apixaban), increased risk for thrombotic complication with sudden discontinuation, and inability to accurately assess and reverse anticoagulant effect require consideration prior to therapy initiation, and pose a challenge for decision making in acute stroke therapy.
Thermal conditions for stopping pyrolysis of forest combustible material and applications to firefighting
Authors: Zhdanova Alena , Kuznetsov Geniy , Legros Jean , Strizhak Pavel
Published: May 2016

Five models describing heat transfer during evaporation of the water sprayed over the forest to stop fires and to cool down the pyrolysis of the bio- top layer are established and investigated by a parametric approach. It aims to improve the understanding of the behaviour and the properties of the forest combustible material. A mathematical description of forest combustible material surfaces (needles of pine and fir-tree, leaves of birch) is established. The characteristic time, td, to cool down the forest combustible material layer below the temperature of the onset of the pyrolysis is the important parameter investigated in the present work. The effective conditions were determined allowing to reach the shortest td and the lowest consumption of e. g. water to be dropped.
Fulminant spinal cord compression caused by postradiation inflammatory pseudotumor with rapid response to steroids: case report
Authors: Verla Terence , Thomas Jonathan G. , Thomazy Vilmos , Fuller Gregory N. , Shaibani Aziz , Omeis Ibrahim
Published: May 2016

Radiation therapy continues to play an extremely valuable role in the treatment of malignancy. The effects of radiation therapy on normal tissue can present in a delayed fashion, resulting in localized damage with pseudomalignant transformation, producing a compressive effect on the spinal cord or exiting nerve roots. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and the subsequent fibrotic response can result in the development of an inflammatory pseudotumor (benign tumor-like lesion) with subsequent mass effect. Herein, the authors present a rare case of inflammatory pseudotumor with fulminant cervicothoracic cord compression, developing 7 years after radiation therapy for breast cancer. The lesion recurred following resection but subsequently displayed complete and rapid resolution following steroid therapy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have reported such an incident.
Phosphorus Bioavailability: A Key Aspect for Conserving this Critical Animal Feed Resource with Reference to Broiler Nutrition
Authors: Li Xiuhua , Zhang Dagong , Yang Tsung , Bryden Wayne
Published: May 2016

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element, and the majority of animal feed phosphate is derived from phosphate rock that is a non-renewable resource. Current global P reserves may be depleted in 50–100 years. This poses the challenge of securing future P supply for the global animal feed industries. Currently, nutritionists formulate diets with substantial safety margins to guarantee that animals do not become P deficient. Excessive dietary P concentrations increase, not only the cost of diets, but also P excretion and pollution of the environment. We contend that understanding P bioavailability is central to the sustainable use of this mineral in animal agriculture. Poultry accounts for approximately 50% of animal feed phosphate consumption worldwide and for this reason we use the meat chicken or broiler as a case study to explore the nuances of P bioavailability. We conclude that, to tackle the challenge of dietary P bioavailability, cooperative research on a global scale is needed to standardise measurement procedures in order to produce a robust and reliable database which can be used by nutritionists to formulate diets to meet the bird’s P requirements precisely. Achievement of this goal will assist endeavours to sustain the global supply of phosphorus.
Numerical Modeling of Variable Fluid Injection-Rate Modes on Fracturing Network Evolution in Naturally Fractured Formations
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Xiao , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2016

In this study, variable injection-rate technology was numerically investigated in a pre-existing discrete fracture network (DFN) formation, the Tarim Basin in China. A flow-stress-damage (FSD) coupling model has been used in an initial attempt towards how reservoir response to variable injection-rates at different hydraulic fracturing stages. The established numerical model simultaneously considered the macroscopic and microscopic heterogeneity characteristics. Eight numerical cases were studied. Four cases were used to study the variable injection-rate technology, and the other four cases were applied for a constant injection-rate in order to compare with the variable injection-rate technology. The simulation results show that the variable injection-rate technology is a potentially good method to a form complex fracturing networks. The hydraulic fracturing effectiveness when increasing the injection-rate at each stage is the best, also, the total injected fluid is at a minimum. At the initial stage, many under-fracturing points appear around the wellbore with a relatively low injection-rate; the sudden increase of injection rate drives the dynamic propagation of hydraulic fractures along many branching fracturing points. However, the case with decreasing injection rate is the worst. By comparing with constant injection-rate cases, the hydraulic fracturing effectiveness with variable flow rate technology is generally better than those with constant injection-rate technology. This work strongly links the production technology and hydraulic fracturing effectiveness evaluation and aids in the understanding and optimization of hydraulic fracturing simulations in naturally fractured reservoirs.
Physico-Chemical and Structural Interpretation of Discrete Derivative Indices on N-Tuples Atoms
Authors: Martínez-Santiago Oscar , Marrero-Ponce Yovani , Barigye Stephen , Le Thi Thu Huong , Torres F. , Zambrano Cesar , Muñiz Olite Jorge , Cruz-Monteagudo Maykel , Vivas-Reyes Ricardo , Vázquez Infante Liliana , Artiles Martínez Luis
Published: May 2016

This report examines the interpretation of the Graph Derivative Indices (GDIs) from three different perspectives (i.e., in structural, steric and electronic terms). It is found that the individual vertex frequencies may be expressed in terms of the geometrical and electronic reactivity of the atoms and bonds, respectively. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that the GDIs are sensitive to progressive structural modifications in terms of: size, ramifications, electronic richness, conjugation effects and molecular symmetry. Moreover, it is observed that the GDIs quantify the interaction capacity among molecules and codify information on the activation entropy. A structure property relationship study reveals that there exists a direct correspondence between the individual frequencies of atoms and Hückel’s Free Valence, as well as between the atomic GDIs and the chemical shift in NMR, which collectively validates the theory that these indices codify steric and electronic information of the atoms in a molecule. Taking in consideration the regularity and coherence found in experiments performed with the GDIs, it is possible to say that GDIs possess plausible interpretation in structural and physicochemical terms.
The Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Duration on the Surface Micromorphology, Roughness, and Wettability of Dental Ceramics
Authors: Ramakrishnaiah Ravikumar , Alkheraif Abdulaziz , Divakar Darshan , Matinlinna Jukka , Vallittu Pekka
Published: May 2016

The current laboratory study is evaluating the effect of hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the surface characteristics of five silica-based glass ceramics. Changes in the pore pattern, crystal structure, roughness, and wettability were compared and evaluated. Seventy-five rectangularly shaped specimens were cut from each material (IPS e-max™, Dentsply Celtra™, Vita Suprinity™, Vita mark II™, and Vita Suprinity FC™); the sectioned samples were finished, polished, and ultrasonically cleaned. Specimens were randomly assigned into study groups: control (no etching) and four experimental groups (20, 40, 80 and 160 s of etching). The etched surfaces’ microstructure including crystal structure, pore pattern, pore depth, and pore width was studied under a scanning electron microscope, and the surface roughness and wettability were analyzed using a non-contact surface profilometer and a contact angle measuring device, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Tukey’s test. The results showed a significant change in the pore number, pore pattern, crystal structure, surface roughness, and wettability with increased etching duration. Etching for a short time resulted in small pores, and etching for longer times resulted in wider, irregular grooves. A significant increase in the surface roughness and wettability was observed with an increase in the etching duration. The findings also suggested a strong association between the surface roughness and wettability.
Improving the Photocurrent in Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells by Employing Alloy PbxCd1−xS Quantum Dots as Photosensitizers
Authors: Yuan Chunze , Li Lin , Huang Jing , Ning Zhijun , Sun Licheng , Ågren Hans
Published: May 2016

Ternary alloy PbxCd1−xS quantum dots (QDs) were explored as photosensitizers for quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Alloy PbxCd1−xS QDs (Pb0.54Cd0.46S, Pb0.31Cd0.69S, and Pb0.24Cd0.76S) were found to substantially improve the photocurrent of the solar cells compared to the single CdS or PbS QDs. Moreover, it was found that the photocurrent increases and the photovoltage decreases when the ratio of Pb in PbxCd1−xS is increased. Without surface protecting layer deposition, the highest short-circuit current density reaches 20 mA/cm2 under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2). After an additional CdS coating layer was deposited onto the PbxCd1−xS electrode, the photovoltaic performance further improved, with a photocurrent of 22.6 mA/cm2 and an efficiency of 3.2%.
L’image de la famille italienne dans la littérature socio-anthropologique anglo-américaine et européenne (1950-1970)
Authors: Mirizzi Ferdinando , Martinez Odile
Published: May 2016

Entre les années 1950 et le début des années 1970, s’élabore une image stéréotypée de la famille italienne – famille repliée sur elle-même, fondée sur le familialisme, la suprématie masculine, la possession jalouse, la revendication de l’honneur, la légitimation de la vengeance – en particulier dans les régions du Sud étudiées par des chercheurs américains et anglais, mais aussi originaires d’autres pays européens. L’article reconstitue le cadre dessiné par ces travaux, au sein desquels se signale la recherche d’Edward C. Banfield à Chiaromonte, en Basilicate, avec la très célèbre notion de familialisme amoral qui a contribué de façon déterminante à faire de la famille méridionale un prototype et un stéréotype ethnique.
Les badanti roumaines en Italie
Authors: Bezzi Cristina , Papa Cristina , Martinez Odile
Published: May 2016

Cet article entend questionner les différentes pratiques d’assistance mises en œuvre par plusieurs badanti [auxiliaires de vie] roumaines interviewées au cours d’une recherche menée dans le Trentin. On verra que pour cette forme de care , la proximité physique n’est pas indispensable et qu’il n’y a pas incompatibilité entre pratique de l’assistance au sein d’une famille italienne et circulation de l’assistance au sein de la famille d’origine.
Les débuts de « 10/18 » (1962-1968) : « une petite révolution dans l’édition française »
Authors: Sorel Patricia
Published: May 2016

Créée chez Plon par Paul Chantrel, avec la collaboration de Michel-Claude Jalard, et publiée par l’UGE, la collection « 10/18 » naît en mai 1962, neuf ans après le lancement par Hachette du « Livre de poche ». Dans un marché du poche en plein essor, cette nouvelle collection se distingue par son format – qui lui donne son nom –, la sobriété de sa couverture, et surtout par une ligne éditoriale audacieuse. « 10/18 » se veut une collection de poche qui ne soit pas un simple réceptacle du roman mais des textes les plus importants dans des domaines aussi divers que la littérature classique, la philosophie, les sciences humaines et sociales, la politique ou la religion. Des accords passés avec les Éditions de Minuit permettent de surcroît à « 10/18 » de publier des titres du Nouveau Roman, qui vont alors atteindre des tirages inédits. En 1964 est créée, avec Jean-Edern Hallier et Dominique de Roux, « L’Herne 10-18 » qui a pour dessein de publier des œuvres inédites d’écrivains au début de leur carrière. En 1966 et 1967, la collection s’ouvre à l’histoire de l’art avec la « Collection d’art Unesco 10/18 ». Le catalogue de « 10/18 » est ainsi pour le moins éclectique : le général de Gaulle voisine avec Machiavel, Baudelaire avec Mao Tsé-toung, Michel Butor avec sainte Thérèse d’Avila. Par ses choix éditoriaux, « 10/18 » s’adresse à un lectorat restreint, constitué essentiellement d’universitaires. Ce pari ambitieux, celui de publier des textes difficiles à un prix modique, n’ira pas sans difficultés et c’est une collection en net déclin que reprendra, en 1968, Christian Bourgois.
Semidefinite Optimization Estimating Bounds on Linear Functionals Defined on Solutions of Linear ODEs
Authors: Zhou Guangming , Deng Chao , Wu Kun
Published: May 2016

In this paper, semidefinite optimization method is proposed to estimate bounds on linear functionals defined on solutions of linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with smooth coefficients. The method can get upper and lower bounds by solving two semidefinite programs, not solving ODEs directly. Its convergence theorem is proved. The theorem shows that the upper and lower bounds series of linear functionals discussed can approach their exact values infinitely. Numerical results show that the method is effective for the estimation problems discussed. In addition, in order to reduce calculation amount, Cheybeshev polynomials are applied to replace Taylor polynomials of smooth coefficients in computing process.
Integrable Couplings of the Boiti-Pempinelli-Tu Hierarchy and Their Hamiltonian Structures
Authors: Zhang Huiqun , Zhou Yubin , Xu Junqin
Published: May 2016

Integrable couplings of the Boiti-Pempinelli-Tu hierarchy are constructed by a class of non-semisimple block matrix loop algebras. Further, through using the variational identity theory, the Hamiltonian structures of those integrable couplings are obtained. The method can be applied to obtain other integrable hierarchies.
Differential Quadrature Analysis of Moving Load Problems
Authors: Wang Xinwei , Jin Chunhua
Published: May 2016

The differential quadrature method (DQM) has been successfully used in a variety of fields. Similar to the conventional point discrete methods such as the collocation method and finite difference method, however, the DQM has some difficulty in dealing with singular functions like the Dirac-delta function. In this paper, two modifications are introduced to overcome the difficulty encountered in solving differential equations with Dirac-delta functions by using the DQM. The moving point load is work-equivalent to loads applied at all grid points and the governing equation is numerically integrated before it is discretized in terms of the differential quadrature. With these modifications, static behavior and forced vibration of beams under a stationary or a moving point load are successfully analyzed by directly using the DQM. It is demonstrated that the modified DQM can yield very accurate solutions. The compactness and computational efficiency of the DQM are retained in solving the partial differential equations with a time dependent Dirac-delta function.
Composition and oxidation state of sulfur in atmospheric particulate matter
Authors: Longo Amelia F. , Vine David J. , King Laura E. , Oakes Michelle , Weber Rodney J. , Huey L. Gregory , Russell Armistead G. , Ingall Ellery D.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The chemical and physical speciation of atmospheric sulfur was investigated in ambient aerosol samples using a combination of Sulfur Near-Edge X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (S-NEXFS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy. These techniques were used to determine the composition and oxidation state of sulfur in common primary emission sources and ambient particulate matter collected from the greater Atlanta area. Ambient particulate matter samples contained two oxidation states: S0 and S+VI. Individual particles (> 1 μm) contain S0 in 95 % of the individual aerosol particles analyzed. Linear combination fitting revealed that S+VI in ambient aerosol was dominated by ammonium sulfate as well as metal sulfates. The finding of metal sulfates provides further evidence for acidic reactions that solubilize metals such as iron during atmospheric transport. Emission sources including biomass burning, coal fly ash, gasoline, diesel, volcanic ash, and aerosolized Atlanta soil, and the commercially available bacterium Bacillus subtilis contained only S+VI. A commercially available Azotobacter vinelandii sample contained approximately equal proportions of S0 and S+VI. S0 in individual aerosol particles most likely originates from primary emission sources such as aerosolized bacteria or incomplete combustion.
Assessment of Glacier Area Change in the Tekes River Basin, Central Tien Shan, Kazakhstan Between 1976 and 2013 Using Landsat and KH-9 Imagery
Authors: Usmanova Zamira , Shahgedanova Maria , Severskiy Igor , Nosenko Gennady , Kapitsa Vassiliy
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Changes in glacierized area in the Kazakhstani sector of the Tekes River basin were assessed using Landsat and KH-9 imagery from 2013, 1992 and 1976. Between 1992 and 2013, the combined area of 118 glaciers declined from 121.4 ± 9.2 km2 to 105.0 ± 5.5 km2. The total area loss was 16.4 ± 5.9 km2 or 13.5 ± 7.5 %. The rate of area reduction was 0.78 km2 a-1 or 0.64 % a-1. This rate is lower than in other regions of northern Tien Shan because of the presence of several large glaciers in the sample. The combined glacier area in 2013 exceeds the combined glacier area reported by the RGI5.0/GAMDAM inventories for 1999–2003 by 24 % because the latter did not include glacierized areas on slopes exceeding 40° and a number of small glaciers. Changes in the recession rates between 1976, 1992 and 2013 were examined using a sub-sample of 28 glaciers which occupied 61% of the total glacierized area in 1992 and 64 % in 2013. These glaciers lost 8.3 ± 5.6 % in the 1976–1992 period, 8.4 ± 5.9 % in the 1992–2013 period and 16.0 ± 5.8 % between 1976 and 2013. The recession rates were 0.52 ± 0.35 % a-1 in 1976–1992 and 0.40 ± 0.28 % a-1 in 1992–2013 and although they appear to indicate a slow down in the glacier recession, the change in the retreat rates is within the uncertainty of measurement. The relative reduction in glacier area in the sub-sample is lower than for the basin as a whole because of a larger size of glaciers. Temperature increase was observed in all seasons reaching 0.18 °C per 10 years in summer and 0.39 °C per 10 years in autumn in the 1947–2015 period. Precipitation exhibited strong variability declining between 1952 and 1977 and then increasing until 2000s with a number of dry years in the 2010s. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of annual precipitation in the 1952–1977 and 1977–2015 periods. Combined with the nearly steady recession rates, this suggests that it is an increase in summer, late spring and early autumn temperature that drives glacier retreat.
Integrating Psychology and Philosophy: A Brief Analysis of The Blessing of a Skinned Knee
Authors: Hu Yali
Published: May 2016

A brief analysis of The Blessing of a Skinned Knee gives a glimpse of beliefs and practices cherished by the family that attempts to employ Jewish teachings to raise children. The child nurturing and rearing practices are in a degree enlightening and supplementing the existing literature in education. Prevention with the inspiration from time-tested lessons of philosophy drawn from Judaism and psychology theory could bring about a marked positive impact on child rearing. Three cornerstone principles of Jewish living—moderation, celebration and sanctification are frames of reference in developing philosophy of cultivating children. Moderation helps achieve the balance between what parents ought to do and what they should let go and tells priorities and values that make peace of mind accessible in the materialistic, anxious and highly competitive world. Gratitude is the most valuable character trait children need, for being grateful and celebrating what they are granted by life, they will always see the most beautiful world and stay with the most peaceful mind, both of which are essential to the pleasure of life. Sanctification indicates that all daily enterprises are holy and therefore demand devotion and commitment.