bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric characterisation of the complex polyploid genome of Saccharum officinarum and modern sugarcane cultivars
Authors: Metcalfe Cushla J. , Li Jingchuan , Giorgi Debora , Doležel Jaroslav , Piperidis Nathalie , Aitken Karen S.
Published: December 2019

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a globally important crop for sugar and bioenergy production. Its highly polyploid, complex genome has hindered progress in understanding its molecular structure. Flow cytometric sorting and analysis has been used in other important crops with large genomes to dissect the genome into component chromosomes. Here we present for the first time a method to prepare suspensions of intact sugarcane chromosomes for flow cytometric analysis and sorting. Flow karyotypes were generated for two S. officinarum and three hybrid cultivars. Five main peaks were identified and each genotype had a distinct flow karyotype profile. The flow karyotypes of S. officinarum were sharper and with more discrete peaks than the hybrids, this difference is probably due to the double genome structure of the hybrids. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to determine that at least one allelic copy of each of the 10 basic chromosomes could be found in each peak for every genotype, except R570, suggesting that the peaks may represent ancestral Saccharum sub genomes. The ability to flow sort Saccharum chromosomes will allow us to isolate and analyse chromosomes of interest and further examine the structure and evolution of the sugarcane genome.
Caspase-3 knockout inhibits intervertebral disc degeneration related to injury but accelerates degeneration related to aging
Authors: Ohnishi Takashi , Yamada Katsuhisa , Iwasaki Koji , Tsujimoto Takeru , Higashi Hideaki , Kimura Taichi , Iwasaki Norimasa , Sudo Hideki
Published: December 2019

Approximately 40% of people under 30 and over 90% of people 55 or older suffer from moderate-to-severe levels of degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) disease in their lumbar spines. Surgical treatments are sometimes effective; however, the treatment of back pain related to IVD degeneration is still a challenge; therefore, new treatments are necessary. Apoptosis may be important in IVD degeneration because suppressing cell apoptosis inside the IVD inhibits degeneration. Caspase-3, the primary effector of apoptosis, may be a key treatment target. We analyzed caspase-3’s role in two different types of IVD degeneration using caspase-3 knockout (Casp-3 KO) mice. Casp-3 KO delayed IVD degeneration in the injury-induced model but accelerated it in the age-induced model. Our results suggest that this is due to different pathological mechanisms of these two types of IVD degeneration. Apoptosis was suppressed in the IVD cells of Casp-3 KO mice, but cellular senescence was enhanced. This would explain why the Casp-3 KO was effective against injury-induced, but not age-related, IVD degeneration. Our results suggest that short-term caspase-3 inhibition could be used to treat injury-induced IVD degeneration.
Cervicomedullary angle as an independent radiological predictor of postoperative neurological outcome in type A basilar invagination
Authors: Guo Xiang , Han Zhao , Xiao Jiajia , Chen Qunxiang , Chen Fei , Guo Qunfeng , Yang Jun , Ni Bin
Published: December 2019

To propose an independent radiological index to evaluate surgical outcomes of A type basilar invagination, a retrospective study was conducted to compare the clinical outcome between procedures 1 and 2 by applying intraoperative consistent traction and manual reduction. Moreover, the atlantodental interval (ADI), cervicomedullary angle (CMA), bilateral sagittal inclination of atlantoaxial joint (SIAA) were measured and compared to pre-operation. Postoperatively, only these patients undergoing procedure 2 achieved significant neurological improvement. The ADIs and the SIAAs decreased in both groups, these differences are statistically significant between pre- and post- operation. For postoperative CMAs, only these patients undergoing modified surgery gained significant improvement of angle with mean 141°. We concluded that the CMA or SIAA could be a radiological predictor to evaluate surgical outcome in BI, among which the CMA is a more independent and easily measurable predictor that is closely correlated with satisfactory neurological improvements. Moreover, procedure 2 with intraoperative resistant cranial traction and manual reduction can help us achieve a good CMA.
CF-PA2Vtech: a cell-free human protein array technology for antibody validation against human proteins
Authors: Morishita Ryo , Sugiyama Shusei , Denda Miwako , Tokunaga Soh , Kido Kohki , Shioya Ryouhei , Ozawa Satoshi , Sawasaki Tatsuya
Published: December 2019

Antibodies are widely used for the detection of specific molecules such as peptides, proteins, and chemical compounds. The specificity of an antibody is therefore its most important feature. However, it is very difficult to confirm antibody specificity. Recently, we made a human protein array consisting of 19,712 kinds of recombinant human proteins produced by a wheat cell-free protein production system. Here, we demonstrate a novel protein array technology for antibody validation (CF-PA2Vtech). Full-length human cDNAs were fused to N-terminal FLAG-GST and then synthesized by the wheat cell-free system. To construct a 20 K human protein array, about 10 to 14 kinds of human proteins were mixed and captured in each well by glutathione-conjugated magnetic beads in 12 plates or one plate with 384- or 1536-well format, respectively, using a strong magnetic device. Using this protein array plate, commercially available anti-HA or anti-PD-1 antibody reacted to 13 or three human proteins, respectively. The cross-reactivity of these proteins was also confirmed by immunoblotting. These proteins have a similar epitope, and alanine mutations of these epitope candidates dissolved the reactivity. These results indicated that CF-PA2Vtech is very useful for validation of antibodies against human protein.
Agreement and Precision Analyses of Various Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Formulae in Cancer Patients
Authors: Chancharoenthana Wiwat , Wattanatorn Salin , Vadcharavivad Somratai , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Leelahavanichkul Asada
Published: December 2019

The accuracy of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in cancer patients is very important for dose adjustments of anti-malignancy drugs to reduce toxicities and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the performance of eGFR equations, including their bias, precision, and accuracy, was explored in patients with varying stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) who needed anti-cancer drugs. The reference glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was assessed by the 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) plasma clearance method in 320 patients and compared with the GFRs estimated by i) the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, ii) the unadjusted for body surface area (BSA) CKD-EPI equation, iii) the re-expressed Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation with the Thai racial factor, iv) the Thai eGFR equation, developed in CKD patients, v) the 2012 CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C, vi) the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and vii) the Janowitz and Williams equations for cancer patients. The mean reference GFR was 60.5 ± 33.4 mL/min/1.73 m2. The bias (mean error) values for the estimated GFR from the CKD-EPI equation, BSA-unadjusted CKD-EPI equation, re-expressed MDRD study equation with the Thai racial factor, and Thai eGFR, 2012 CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin-C, Cockcroft-Gault, and Janowitz and Williams equations were −2.68, 1.06, −7.70, −8.73, 13.37, 1.43, and 2.03 mL/min, respectively, the precision (standard deviation of bias) values were 6.89, 6.07, 14.02, 11.54, 20.85, 10.58, and 8.74 mL/min, respectively, and the accuracy (root-mean square error) values were 7.38, 6.15, 15.97, 14.16, 24.74, 10.66, and 8.96 mL/min, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated GFR from the BSA-unadjusted CKD-EPI equation demonstrated the least bias along with the highest precision and accuracy. Further studies on the outcomes of anti-cancer drug dose adjustments using this equation versus the current standard equation will be valuable.
Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Features of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A New Perspective
Authors: Chen Tianjiao , Chang Xiaoyan , Lv Ke , Wang Yong , Fu Xianshui , Tan Li , Gui Yang , Zhou Tongtong , Chen Xueqi , Jiang Yuxin
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to illustrate our specific findings for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) lesions on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In this study, 21 patients at our hospitals with pathologically proven ICC and CEUS data were retrospectively enrolled. General clinical data of the patients, and features of lesions on conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound were recorded. Two experienced radiologists retrospectively reviewed all images by consensus. On gray-scale sonography, hypoechoic, isoechoic and hyperechoic lesions accounted for 85.7%, 9.5% and 4.8%, respectively, of all lesions. Hypovascular patterns were found for 95.2% of the lesions on color Doppler flow imaging. During the arterial phase of CEUS, heterogeneous hyperenhancement, homogeneous hyperenhancement, rim-like hyperenhancement, isoenhancement and hypoenhancement were observed for 61.9%, 19.0%, 9.5%, 4.8%, 4.8% of the lesions, respectively. During the portal venous and late phases, 85.7% and 95.2% of the lesions, respectively, exhibited hypoenhancement. In addition, 66.7% of the ICC lesions exhibited washed-out interiors but little decrease in enhancement at the periphery during the portal venous phase, resulting in the formation of a hyperenhanced peripheral rim. In conclusion, the rim sign in the portal venous phase of CEUS could help diagnose ICC. This trait could be related to the infiltrating growth pattern of ICC.
A Long Short-Term Memory neural network for the detection of epileptiform spikes and high frequency oscillations
Authors: Medvedev A. V. , Agoureeva G. I. , Murro A. M.
Published: December 2019

Over the last two decades, the evidence has been growing that in addition to epileptic spikes high frequency oscillations (HFOs) are important biomarkers of epileptogenic tissue. New methods of artificial intelligence such as deep learning neural networks can provide additional tools for automated analysis of EEG. Here we present a Long Short-Term Memory neural network for detection of spikes, ripples and ripples-on-spikes (RonS). We used intracranial EEG (iEEG) from two independent datasets. First dataset (7 patients) was used for network training and testing. The second dataset (5 patients) was used for cross-institutional validation. 1000 events of each class (spike, RonS, ripple and baseline) were selected from the candidates initially found using a novel threshold method. Network training was performed using random selections of 50–500 events (per class) from all patients from the 1st dataset. This ‘global’ network was then tested on other events for each patient from both datasets. The network was able to detect events with a good generalisability namely, with total accuracy and specificity for each class exceeding 90% in all cases, and sensitivity less than 86% in only two cases (82.5% for spikes in one patient and 81.9% for ripples in another patient). The deep learning networks can significantly accelerate the analysis of iEEG data and increase their diagnostic value which may improve surgical outcome in patients with localization-related intractable epilepsy.
Parkinson’s disease recovery by GM1 oligosaccharide treatment in the B4galnt1+/− mouse model
Authors: Chiricozzi Elena , Mauri Laura , Lunghi Giulia , Di Biase Erika , Fazzari Maria , Maggioni Margherita , Valsecchi Manuela , Prioni Simona , Loberto Nicoletta , Pomè Diego Yuri , Ciampa Maria Grazia , Fato Pamela , Verlengia Gianluca , Cattaneo Stefano , Assini Robert , Wu Gusheng , Alselehdar Samar , Ledeen Robert W. , Sonnino Sandro
Published: December 2019

Given the recent in vitro discovery that the free soluble oligosaccharide of GM1 is the bioactive portion of GM1 for neurotrophic functions, we investigated its therapeutic potential in the B4galnt1+/− mice, a model of sporadic Parkinson’s disease. We found that the GM1 oligosaccharide, systemically administered, reaches the brain and completely rescues the physical symptoms, reduces the abnormal nigral α-synuclein content, restores nigral tyrosine hydroxylase expression and striatal neurotransmitter levels, overlapping the wild-type condition. Thus, this study supports the idea that the Parkinson’s phenotype expressed by the B4galnt1+/− mice is due to a reduced level of neuronal ganglioside content and lack of interactions between the oligosaccharide portion of GM1 with specific membrane proteins. It also points to the therapeutic potential of the GM1 oligosaccharide for treatment of sporadic Parkinson’s disease.
Mesoporous silica based recyclable probe for colorimetric detection and separation of ppb level Hg2+ from aqueous medium
Authors: Das Trisha , Singha Debdas , Pal Ananya , Nandi Mahasweta
Published: December 2019

Functional mesoporous silica probes, MCM-TFM and SBA-TFM, have been synthesized with varying pore sizes and having S-donor sites judiciously selected to bind soft metal centers. The soft S-donor centers are contributed by the thiol functional groups that are introduced into the silica matrices by functionalization with tris(4-formylphenyl)amine followed by 2-aminothiophenol. The materials rapidly and selectively detect Hg2+ colorimetrically and the change in color profile can be perceived through bare eyes. The probes can decontaminate the pollutant heavy metal from aqueous medium at ppb level and the materials are recyclable and reusable for several separation cycles.
Low temperature-calcined TiO2 for visible light assisted decontamination of 4-nitrophenol and hexavalent chromium from wastewater
Authors: Ali Mohamed Eid M. , Assirey Eman A. , Abdel-Moniem Shimaa M. , Ibrahim Hanan S.
Published: December 2019

In the present study, alkaline hydrothermally treated titania nanoparticles (TiO2-HT) are prepared and followed by calcination at different low temperatures to improve TiO2 activity under visible light. The prepared photocatalysts (PCs) are characterized by different tools. TiO2-HT is scrutinized for decontamination of para-nitrophenol (PNP) and hexavalent chromium ions (Cr6+ ions) under simulated sunlight. TiO2-HT-300 and TiO2-HT-400 PCs have nanosized particle with large surface area of 148 and 116.26 m2/g, respectively. Additionally, XRD and FTIR proved formation of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2. The different calcined TiO2-HT materials show lower adsorption capacity for PNP and Cr6+ ions. TiO2-HT-300 and HT-TiO2-400 PCs have higher reduction rate of PNP than that of uncalcined temperature titania (HT-TiO2-U) powder. Complete conversion of PNP is achieved at natural pH after 180 min over TiO2-HT-300. As well, TiO2-HT-300 exhibits a superior photocatalytic removal of Cr6+ ions. The enhanced photocatalytic efficacy is ascribed to the synergism between higher surface area and particle size (quantum effect) of TiO2-HT-300. As results, HO· radicals are the main key active species for the photocatalytic degradation of PNP over TiO2- HT-300 PC but contribution of O2– and h+ holes is minor. The used method for preparation of TiO2-HT-300 reduces the cost preparation as well as environmental impact reduction. Finally, low temperature-calcined TiO2 is promising visible light active and an efficient photocatalyst with lower environmental impact for detoxification of PNP and Cr6+ ions from water.
Crop production kept stable and sustainable with the decrease of nitrogen rate in North China Plain: An economic and environmental assessment over 8 years
Authors: Liu Zheng , Yu Ningning , Camberato James J. , Gao Jia , Liu Peng , Zhao Bin , Zhang Jiwang
Published: December 2019

In pursuit of maximum grain yield farmers in the North China Plain usually apply excessive N fertilizer, resulting in wasted resources and environmental pollution. To assess the economic and environmental performances of different nitrogen rates will be conductive to sustain cleaner crop production. An 8-year field experiment was carried out with four treatments, N0 (0 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and summer maize), N1 (168 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and 129 kg ha−1 for summer maize), N2 (240 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and 185 kg ha−1 for summer maize) and N3 (300 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and summer maize), on the double cropping at Dawenkou research field (36°11’N, 117°06’E), Shandong Province, China. The crop production, soil physical-chemical parameters, and greenhouse gas emission are measured and the economic and environmental performances are assessed. The optimal nitrogen rate obtained the highest grain yield of summer maize in 4 of 8 year and was equivalent to conventional N rate in the other years. The nitrogen partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of optimal nitrogen rate was 63% and 58% higher than that of conventional nitrogen rate. The optimal nitrogen rate effectively decreased soil bulk density and increased weight percentage of water-stable aggregate and activities of urease and invertase compared to conventional nitrogen rate, which improved soil productivity. The fertilizer nitrogen loss and global warming potential of optimal nitrogen rate reduced by 76% and 35% compared to conventional nitrogen rate. The annual greenhouse gas intensity of optimal nitrogen rate decreased by 14–35% compared to others. The net ecosystem economic budget under optimal nitrogen rate is 252–604 $ ha−1 yr.−1 higher than other addition levels. The optimal nitrogen rate produces more grains and obtains higher economic and environmental benefits.
Multiple incursion pathways for Helicoverpa armigera in Brazil show its genetic diversity spreading in a connected world
Authors: Arnemann Jonas Andre , Roxburgh Stephen , Walsh Tom , Guedes Jerson , Gordon Karl , Smagghe Guy , Tay Wee Tek
Published: December 2019

The Old World cotton bollwormHelicoverpa armigerawas first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that theH.armigeraspread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central BrazilianH.armigeramtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic and gene flow patterns of this dispersive pest in the agricultural landscape of South America. We show that the spatial distribution ofH.armigeramtDNA haplotypes and its inferred gene flow patterns in the southwestern region of South America exhibited signatures inconsistent with a single incursion hypothesis. Simulations on spatial distribution patterns show that the detection of rare and/or the absence of dominant mtDNA haplotypes in southernH.armigerapopulations are inconsistent with genetic signatures observed in northern and central Brazil. Incursions ofH.armigerainto the New World are therefore likely to have involved independent events in northern/central Brazil, and southern Brazil/Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay. This study demonstrates the significant biosecurity challenges facing the South American continent, and highlights alternate pathways for introductions of alien species into the New World.
DNA Methylation Activates TP73 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Yao Zhixing , Di Poto Cristina , Mavodza Grace , Oliver Everett , Ressom Habtom W. , Sherif Zaki A.
Published: December 2019

The complexity of TP73 expression and its functionality, as well as the role of TP73 in tumorigenesis, unlike its cousin TP53, which is an established tumor suppressor, have remained elusive to date. In this study, we isolated two stem cell lines (HepCY & HepCO) from normal young and old human liver tissues. We determined TP73 expression in HepCY and HepCO, hepatocellular cancer (HCC) cell lines (HepG2, SNU398, SNU449 and SNU475), gastrointestinal cancer (GI) cell lines (Caco2 and HCT116) and normal skin fibroblasts cell line (HS27). Immunohistochemical analyses of TP73 expression was also performed in non-cancerous and adjacent cancerous liver tissues of HCC patients. The results show that TP73 expression is exclusive to the cancer cell lines and not the adjacent normal liver tissues. Moreover, methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing studies revealed that TP73 promoter is activated only in cancer cell lines by DNA methylation. Furthermore, ChIP assay results demonstrated that a chromosomal networking protein (CTCF) and tumor protein p53 (TP53) bind to TP73 promoter and regulate TP73 expression. Our observations demonstrate that a positive correlation in tumorigenesis exists between TP73 expression and DNA methylation in promoter regions of TP73. These findings may prove significant for the development of future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Valorization of Uncharred Dry Leaves of Ficus benjamina towards Cr (VI) removal from Water: Efficacy Influencing Factors and mechanism
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti S. , Watwe Varuna S. , Hipparge Abubakar J. , Sayyad Sana I. , Sonawane Rutika A. , Kulkarni Sunil D.
Published: December 2019

The potential of uncharred biomaterial derived from dry leaves of Ficusbenjamina (Family: Moraceae,local name: Weeping Fig) plant to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous samples was investigated. In the present work, treatment of dilute acids was used for activating the adsorption centres on the biomass instead of cumbersome charring process. The plant material was characterized using FT-IR, FE-SEM and EDX. Various influencing factors such as pH of equilibrating solution, contact time, Cr (VI) concentrations, adsorbent dose and temperature were optimized to obtain maximum sorption efficacy. The interactions among the biomaterial and Cr (VI) in water were studied by fitting the sorption data in four different adsorption isotherms. The data fitting and experimental evidences indicated formation of monolayer of Cr(VI) over the biomass surface. The process followed pseudo-second order kinetics and was thermodynamically spontaneous under laboratory conditions and reached equilibrium in 24 hours. Maximum adsorption capacity of 56.82 mg/g was obtained at the pH 2 when the concentration before adsorption was 200 mg L−1 of Cr(VI) with 24 hours of equilibration time and 2.50 g L−1 of dose of biomaterial at room temperature. The sorption efficiency was found to be better than many charred bio-based materials.
Differences in lung cancer characteristics and mortality rate between screened and non-screened cohorts
Authors: Wu Fu-Zong , Kuo Pei-Lun , Huang Yi-Luan , Tang En-Kuei , Chen Chi-Shen , Wu Ming-Ting , Lin Yun-Pei
Published: December 2019

Screening programs for lung cancer aim to allow diagnosis at the early stage, and therefore the decline in mortality rates. Thus, the aim of this retrospective cohort study was to the comparison of screened and non-screened lung cancer in terms of lung cancer characteristics, overdiagnosis and survival rate. A retrospective study in which 2883 patients with 2883 lung cancer diagnosed according to the hospital-based lung cancer register database between 2007 and 2017. A comparison was performed in term of clinical characteristics and outcomes of lung cancer between the screened and non-screening patient groups. 2883 subjects were identified (93 screened and 2790 non-screened). Screened group patients were younger (59.91 ± 8.14 versus 67.58 ± 12.95; p < 0.0001), and were more likely to be female than non-screened group (61.3% versus 36.8%; p < 0.0001). The screened group showed significantly better outcomes in overall mortality than the non-screened group (10.75% versus 79.06%; <0.0001). In a Cox proportional hazard model, lung cancer in the screened group proved to be an independent prognostic factor in lung cancer subjects. Our findings point to the improved survival outcome in the screened group and might underline the benefit of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening program in Asian populations with the high prevalence of non–smoking-related lung cancer. Further study aimed at the LDCT mass screening program targeting at light smokers and non-smoker outside of existing screening criteria is warranted.
Molecule-gated surface chemistry of Pt nanoparticles for constructing activity-controllable nanozymes and a three-in-one sensor
Authors: Gao Min , An Pengli , Rao Honghong , Niu Zhengrong , Xue Xin , Luo Mingyue , Liu Xiuhui , Xue Zhonghua , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: December 2019

A new surface chemistry-based modulation for constructing activity-controllable Pt nanoparticle nanozymes and their application in the development of a triple signal readout-based three-in-one sensor for Cu2+ determination.
Rational modulation of coumarin–hemicyanine platform based on OH substitution for higher selective detection of hypochlorite
Authors: Lan Jin-Shuai , Liu Li , Zeng Rui-Feng , Qin Yan-Hong , Liu Yun , Jiang Xiao-Yi , Aihemaiti Ayinazhaer , Ding Yue , Zhang Tong , Ho Rodney J. Y.
Published: December 2019

A NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe was developed to quantitate arthritis-dependent HOCl production in vivo with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Correction: Fluorescence imaging of a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer cells using a peptide-functionalized fluorogenic 2D material
Authors: Dou Wei-Tao , Liu Li-Fang , Gao Jie , Zang Yi , Chen Guo-Rong , Field Robert A. , James Tony D. , Li Jia , He Xiao-Peng
Published: December 2019

Correction for ‘Fluorescence imaging of a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer cells using a peptide-functionalized fluorogenic 2D material’ by Wei-Tao Dou et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 13235–13238.
Toward greener methods of producing branched metal nanostructures
Authors: Regulacio Michelle D. , Yang Da-Peng , Ye Enyi
Published: December 2019

This review highlights the use of biogenic resources (i.e., plant extracts, microorganisms, and biomolecules) as green reagents for the production of technologically promising branched metal nanomaterials.
Electrokinetic power generation in conical nanochannels: regulation effects due to conicity
Authors: Qian Fang , Zhang Wenyao , Huang Deng , Li Wenbo , Wang Qiuwang , Zhao Cunlu
Published: December 2019

Electrokinetic power generation in a conical nanochannel is investigated and a variety of regulation effects in electrokinetic power generation are discovered.
New aspects of C2 selectivity in electrochemical CO2reduction over oxide-derived copper
Authors: Shah Aamir Hassan , Wang Yanjie , Hussain Sajjad , Akbar Muhammad Bilal , Woldu Abebe Reda , Zhang Xuehua , He Tao
Published: December 2019

Persistent Cu2O on ODCu plays an important role in C2 product selectivity due to its interactions with CO2RR intermediates.
An insight into the corrosion of alkali aluminoborosilicate glasses in acidic environments
Authors: Stone-Weiss Nicholas , Youngman Randall E. , Thorpe Ryan , Smith Nicholas J. , Pierce Eric M. , Goel Ashutosh
Published: December 2019

Sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses with wide-ranging compositions and structures corrode according to remarkably similar mechanisms in acidic environments.
Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations, and reactivity study of a nitrido-bridged dimeric vanadium(iv) complex
Authors: Lugosan Adriana , Cundari Thomas , Fleming Kristin , Dickie Diane A. , Zeller Matthias , Ghannam Jack , Lee Wei-Tsung
Published: December 2019

Synthesis and characterization of a rare nitrido-bridged vanadium(iv) dimer complex via both VIII–N2 and VIII–N3 activation by chemical reduction.
Stereochemistry of coordination polyhedra vs. single ion magnetism in penta- and hexacoordinated Co(ii) complexes with tridentate rigid ligands
Authors: Brachňaková Barbora , Matejová Simona , Moncol Ján , Herchel Radovan , Pavlik Ján , Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Ruben Mario , Šalitroš Ivan
Published: December 2019

Three pentacoordinated and one hexacoordinated Co(ii) based single ion magnets were prepared and their structural, static and dynamic magnetic properties were analysed in detail.
Synthetic fungal multifunctional cellulases for enhanced biomass conversion
Authors: Brunecky Roman , Subramanian Venkataramanan , Yarbrough John M. , Donohoe Bryon S. , Vinzant Todd B. , Vanderwall Todd A. , Knott Brandon C. , Chaudhari Yogesh B. , Bomble Yannick J. , Himmel Michael E. , Decker Stephen R.
Published: December 2019

Synthetic multifunctional enzymes exhibit superior performance to their non-multifunctional enzyme components and exhibit novel cellulose deconstruction mechanisms.
POP-Pd(ii) catalyzed easy and safe in situ carbonylation towards the synthesis of α-ketoamides from secondary cyclic amines utilizing CHCl3 as a carbon monoxide surrogate
Authors: Islam Sk Safikul , Riyajuddin Sk , Molla Rostam Ali , Yasmin Nasima , Ghosh Kaushik , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: December 2019

POP-palladium(ii) was synthesized for the in situ carbonylation of aryl iodides and secondary cyclic amine to the respective α-ketoamides.
Strong metal–support interactions between palladium nanoclusters and hematite toward enhanced acetylene dicarbonylation at low temperature
Authors: Wei Xuemei , Ma Zhanwei , Lu Jinzhi , Mu Xinyuan , Hu Bin
Published: December 2019

A four-fold increase in palladium-based acetylene dicarbonylation activity was obtained at low temperature due to the strong metal–support interaction between Pd and the earth-abundant α-Fe2O3 material.
Iron-catalyzed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of in situ generated N-ylides with alkynes or olefins: access to multi-substituted/polycyclic pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Zhou Kai , Bao Ming , Huang Jingjing , Kang Zhenghui , Xu Xinfang , Hu Wenhao , Qian Yu
Published: December 2019

An iron-catalyzed three-component reaction of benzimidazoles with diazoacetates and electron-deficient alkynes or alkenes that delivers multi-substituted pyrroles, pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles and pyrrolo[1,2-a] quinoxalinones has been reported.
Sheath-less high throughput inertial separation of small microparticles in spiral microchannels with trapezoidal cross-section
Authors: Al-Halhouli Ala'aldeen , Albagdady Ahmed , Dietzel Andreas
Published: December 2019

This work is the first to focus and recover 2 from 5 μm and 2 from 10 μm particles in spiral channels in a sheath-less flow device, which reduces the overall complexity of the system and allows for higher throughput.
High ion adsorption densities of site-selective nitrogen doped carbon sheets prepared from natural lignin
Authors: Ishii Yosuke , Ishigame Koki , Kido Yusuke , Kato Yuichiro , Yamamoto Kengo , Sagisaka Kento , Hattori Yoshiyuki , Al-zubaidi Ayar , Kondo Kohei , Kawasaki Shinji
Published: December 2019

Carbon fibers and sheets were prepared from jet-milled natural chitin and cellulose samples, and from natural lignin sample using ice-templating technique, respectively.
Phase manipulation of topologically engineered AB-type multi-block copolymers
Authors: Li Sai , Tao Wei , Gao Ke , Athir Naveed , Li Fanzhu , Chen Yulong , Liu Jun , Zhang Liqun , Tsige Mesfin
Published: December 2019

Recent advances in the fundamental understanding of the ordered phases of multi-block copolymers (MBCPs) at the molecular level have attracted considerable scientific interest in recent years.
Correction: Potassium 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenolate: a novel hit exhibiting quorum-sensing inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa via LasIR/RhlIR circuitry
Authors: Shah Mayank D. , Kharkar Prashant S. , Sahu Niteshkumar U. , Peerzada Zoya , Desai Krutika B.
Published: December 2019

Correction for ‘Potassium 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenolate: a novel hit exhibiting quorum-sensing inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa via LasIR/RhlIR circuitry’ by Mayank D. Shah et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 40228–40239.
Borane-induced ring closure reaction of oligomethylene-linked bis-allenes
Authors: Tao Xin , Škoch Karel , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: December 2019

The borane induced cyclization of the bis-allene followed by reaction with two molar equivalents of allene gives the functionalized decalin product.
ATP-fuelled self-assembly to regulate chemical reactivity in the time domain
Authors: Cardona Maria A. , Prins Leonard J.
Published: December 2019

The addition of ATP under dissipative conditions to a complex mixture causes the transient upregulation of hydrazone-bond formation.
Fluorogenic Trp(redBODIPY) cyclopeptide targeting keratin 1 for imaging of aggressive carcinomas
Authors: Subiros-Funosas Ramon , Ho Vivian Cheuk Lam , Barth Nicole D. , Mendive-Tapia Lorena , Pappalardo Morena , Barril Xavier , Ma Ruoyu , Zhang Cheng-Bin , Qian Bin-Zhi , Sintes Miquel , Ghashghaei Ouldouz , Lavilla Rodolfo , Vendrell Marc
Published: December 2019

Trp(redBODIPY) is the first red-emitting Trp-based amino acid for the preparation of fluorogenic peptides with retention of target binding affinity.
Hydrophosphination of boron–boron multiple bonds
Authors: Stennett Tom E. , Jayaraman Arumugam , Brückner Tobias , Schneider Lea , Braunschweig Holger
Published: December 2019

Compounds containing boron–boron double and triple bonds are shown to undergo uncatalysed hydrophosphination reactions with diphenylphosphine.
Eco-friendly quantum dots for liquid luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Liu Xin , Luo Bing , Liu Jiabin , Jing Dengwei , Benetti Daniele , Rosei Federico
Published: December 2019

Eco-friendly Cu doped Zn–In–Se QDs for liquid luminescent solar concentrators can provide a platform of more efficient and environmentally friendly solar energy harvest systems.
Partial sulfuration-induced defect and interface tailoring on bismuth oxide for promoting electrocatalytic CO2reduction
Authors: Yang Xuxiao , Deng Peilin , Liu Dongyu , Zhao Shuang , Li Dan , Wu Hu , Ma Yaming , Xia Bao Yu , Li Mingtao , Xiao Chunhui , Ding Shujiang
Published: December 2019

Defect and interface engineering is a powerful strategy to tune the electronic structure and adsorption behavior of electrocatalysts, boosting the performance of the electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction (eCO2RR).
Highly efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light emitting diodes based on tercarbazole donor and boron acceptor dyads
Authors: Karthik Durai , Ahn Dae Hyun , Ryu Jae Hong , Lee Hyuna , Maeng Jee Hyun , Lee Ju Young , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: December 2019

Two new blue TADF emitters, 3CzTB and M3CzB, for application in highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes are reported.
Dynamic air gap asymmetry fault detection in single‐sided linear induction motors
Authors: Faiz Jawad , Ghods Mehrage , Tajdyni Armin
Published: December 2019

Single‐sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) are used in maglev levitation systems for propelling purpose. The reasons for such usages are their capability in direct drive applications with very good dynamic performance, high reliability and high flexibility in trajectory generation. High‐performance requirements of the machine demand a high saliency ratio resulting in small air gap length along the direct axis. Therefore, the air gap symmetry in the primary side and consequently the air gap asymmetry fault diagnosis is essential for the system maintenance. In this study, the air gap asymmetry fault in a SLIM is diagnosed. Since the precise definition of the air gap asymmetry fault and fault severity has not been so far introduced in the relevant literature, they are given here. The proposed fault index is the amplitude of the sideband components of the current with a particular frequency pattern. First, mathematical analysis of magnetic field is proposed, then, fast Fourier transform is applied to the current waveform in the SLIM. The spectrum of the SLIM current in the healthy and faulty cases under different loads is obtained. Time‐stepping finite element method is applied to simulate the healthy and faulty motor. Experimental results are verified by the introduced theoretical index.
Optimal placement of DG units for the enhancement of MG networks performance using coalition game theory
Authors: Karimizadeh Karvan , Soleymani Soodabeh , Faghihi Faramarz
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the continuous growth of energy demand micro‐grid (MG) networks that use as distributed energy source. MGs are usually installed at locations, where access to the power grid is not economical due to the far distance and losses. To cost reduction in MG networks, it is necessary to optimize placement of distributed generation (DG) units in MG networks. In this study, the optimal allocation of DG units using craziness‐based particle swarm optimization (CRPSO) algorithm based on the game‐theoretic formulation strategy was proposed to decrease power supply costs. The objective function of optimization comprises of the cost of buying power, power loss, communication and load shedding. Load shedding is considered so that the cost of operation of MGs declined. The optimization includes the size, site and the optimal order of joined DG units (wind turbine and photovoltaic) in test system. The novelty of this research is that it determines the order of joined DG units in the coalition when the arrangement of seller MG after DG unit's placement is reshaped. The simulation results in the modified IEEE 33 buses system validated through the MATLAB. The simulation results show the reduction in the costs of operation and rise in the sellers' profit.
Study of the influence of disintegrated biomass of chlorella sorokiniana on the state of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kuznetsova Tatiana , Ivanchenko Olga , Kiseleva Anastasia , Le Huong Thao
Published: December 2019

The physiological state of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast used in fermentation plants is strongly influenced by various stress factors, “stimulants” and top dressing. Effective yeast activation reduces the time it takes to prepare the finished product and increase its quality. Chlorella sorokiniana is a fast-growing microalgae, its biomass is a promising source of protein, carbohydrates, antioxidants, vitamins, magnesium and other components. Its cells have a powerful cell membrane, so the necessary step is the disintegration of the microalgae biomass. Ultrasonic, microwave disintegration methods, as well as mechanical using a high-speed homogenizer were used. When introducing disintegrated biomass at a concentration of 20 mg%, the most effective option compared to the control (without additives) was the use of microwave disintegration: an increase in ethanol-forming ability (by 43.5%), a visible degree of fermentation (by 39.2%), and yeast concentration cells in the population (by 31.0%). Ultrasonic and mechanical disintegration of microalgae biomass is less effective. Thus, the use of Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae as a source of valuable components is a promising way of activating the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, which requires additional research in the development of technology for preliminary disintegration and complex processing of introduced biomass.
Allyl type monomers for hard surface coating protection
Authors: Popova Larisa , Tsyrulnikova Anzhelika , Vershilov Sergey , Bazarnova Julia , Aronova Ekaterina , Osetrova Ludmila
Published: December 2019

Based on the unsaturated derivatives of polyfluoroalkanols chemical products are used to protect solid and fibrous materials surface from the effects of water, oils and other pollutants. A method for obtaining allyl ethers of polyfluoroalkanols (polyfluoroalkoxypropenes) is based on the Williamson ether reaction. This method is a heterophase process. The use of solvents to improve mass transfer requires complementary measures to ensure industrial and environmental safety. It is more preferable to obtain the target ethers in water with PTC. A series of experiments using different chain length polyfluoroalkanols was studied by GLC. Kovats retention indexes of the target ethers were determined. It was found that in the case of lower homologues (CF3CH2OH, (CF3)2CHOH, HCF2CF2CH2OH), the addition of 5-15 vol.% 1,4-dioxane as a solubilizer provides a high yield of products. The application of PTC (tetrabutylammonium bromide) is indispensable for using polyfluoroalkanols with a longer carbon chain (C≥5). PTC invariably provides the almost complete conversion of polyfluoroalkanols. The decomposition process of TBAB becomes noticeable (GLC method) upon completion of the main reaction. Polyfluoroalkoxypropenes form azeotrope with water, which can be used in the work up process.
Features of the choice of power unit for electric tricycle
Authors: Stakhin Dmitry , Goncharov Kirill
Published: December 2019

The article considers the bolide Shell Eco Marathon, which main operating purpose is to cover the maximum distance with the minimum fuel consumption. With the aim of providing the bolide with technical and operational indicators, it is appropriate to solve the problem of decreasing the bolide’s mass, the air drag coefficient, and also the choice of the economic power plant. The basic formulas for the engine traction-dynamic calculation are presented. Due to the results of the calculation, the conclusion about profitability of the power plant is made. There is also a description of the principle of the electric engine and its main advantages comparing to the internal combustion engines.
Efficiency of a submersible plunger pump linear motor
Authors: Chirkov D.A. , Timashev E.O.
Published: December 2019

Modern oil extracting has difficulties with extraction at depths exceeding 2 kilometers from mid and low debit wells. Traditional way for extraction from mid and low debit wells (pumping unit) is unacceptable for this task, because of rod column break hazard. Meanwhile, submersible electrical centrifugal pumps that are usually used for oil extracting from big depth have very low efficiency on low debit wells. Due to that, a new class of oil extraction equipment has appeared—submersible plunger pumps. Their world-leading manufacturer is China. The biggest progress in submersible plunger pump linear drive research was reached in Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Although efficiency of this type of pumps on low debit wells is much higher than centrifugal pumps have, it is still very low and does not exceed 30%. Thus, efficiency improvement of gaining popularity submersible plunger pumps is an important task not only for oil extraction but also for energy saving. Major power loss happens in windings of submersible linear motors. Because of that, first step of pump efficiency improvement is improvement of linear drive efficiency. Motor design optimization allows to significantly raise its efficiency to 50%. Higher efficiency could be reached by optimizing motor operation algorithm and using better materials.
Structure of road soil cement compositions modified by complex additive based on organosilicon compounds and electrolytes
Authors: Mavliev Lenar , Vdovin Evgenii
Published: December 2019

The complex introduction of organosilicon compound (octyltriethoxysilane) and electrolyte (sodium hydroxide) maximizes the frost resistance and strength of soil cement. However, the effect of complex additive based on octyltriethoxysilane and sodium hydroxide on the soil cement structure has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the phase composition of hydrated newgrowths and soil minerals in soil cement with optimal content of complex additives. The study was conducted by methods of complex thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy. On the XRD pattern of the sample with and without complex additive, we marked identical peaks of soil minerals, unhydrated cement clinker minerals and hydrated newgrowths. In the result of differential thermal analysis, we determined that soil cement with complex additive is characterized by the smaller amount of free calcium hydroxide formed, as well as saturation of the soil complex with sodium ions. In the soil cement sample with complex additive, we observe a smaller amount of coagulated soil aggregates in comparison with the sample without an additive. Complex additive contributes to the formation of a more dense and uniform structure of soil cement, reduces the amount of adsorption water associated with clay minerals, reduces the formation of free calcium hydroxide, which increases the physicomechanical properties of the resulting material.
Furnaces with vortex burning for burning of wood waste and coal
Authors: Zhukov Evgenii , Menyaev Konstantin , Taymasov Dmitry
Published: December 2019

The paper presents use of wood waste as fuel in industrial thermal power plants. The paper proposes methods of disposal of low calorific fuels produced from waste. The results of physical experiments and numerical simulations showed possible effective application of wood waste as fuel in industrial thermal power plants. The presented boilers are of superior environmental performance as they are equipped with fuel circulation system. The boilers make rational use of wood waste and lower coal consumption in small and medium-sized thermal power plants. New technology is tested in an operating facility.
Log mining and knowledge-based models in data storage systems diagnostics
Authors: Uspenskij Mikhail B.
Published: December 2019

Modern data storage systems have a sophisticated hardware and software architecture, including multiple storage processors, storage fabrics, network equipment and storage media and contain information, which can be damaged or lost because of hardware or software fault. Approach to storage software diagnostics, presented in current paper, combines a log mining algorithms for fault detection based on natural language processing text classification methods, and usage of the diagnostic model for a task of fault source detection. Currently existing approaches to computational systems diagnostics are either ignoring system or event log data, using only numeric monitoring parameters, or target only certain log types or use logs to create chains of the structured events. The main advantage of using natural language processing method for log text classification is that no information of log message structure or log message source, or log purpose is required if there is enough data for classificator model training. Developed diagnostic procedure has accuracy score comparable with existing methods and can target all presented in training set faults without prior log structure research.
Balancing fittings in a water heating system
Authors: Averyanova Olesya , Amelina Aleksandra , Amelin Pavel , Makeeva Aleksandra , Manovitskij Sergej , Ivanov Ernest
Published: December 2019

Energy conservation and improving energy efficiency are priority areas for the development of the global economy. The need to increase the energy efficiency of the engineering equipment of buildings is due to both the requirements to reduce the energy consumption of buildings in general, and the increase in the proportion of energy-consuming climate systems used in modern construction. In large modern office, hotel and residential complexes to achieve the greatest energy efficiency it is necessary to use various technical solutions. The main element of an energy-efficient heating system is regulation. Balancing devices allow to not only balance and tune the system at any time of operational period but also serve as stop valves during reparation and diagnostics. Determination of energy savings bases on the average value heat consumption before and after modernization, depending on the type of installed valves or their combination. The focus of the work is hydraulic calculation of the heating system the authors conduct research on the effect of differently balancing fittings on the hydraulics of the heating system.