bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the Research Progress of Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Method
Authors: Wen Zhenwei , Pan Zhongtai
Published: July 2021

Remote sensing image change detection is the detection process of determining the surface change area and change feature type for the same image area from multiple time series remote sensing data. It is the core technical means of land use change detection and land cover change detection, and it is also the key research field of remote sensing applied science. In view of the problems of time-consuming, labor-intensive, and low detection accuracy in the past image change detection methods, researchers in related fields have proposed more and more cutting-edge remote sensing image change detection methods. This article first describes the development of remote sensing image change detection methods, then explains the conventional processing flow of change detection and the conventional methods of change monitoring, and finally discusses the research progress of more mainstream change detection methods.
The Combination of Computer Multimedia Technology and College English Teaching
Authors: Jiang Ting
Published: July 2021

College English is very important for college students, it is an compulsory course for them. If teachers are still based on the traditional teaching methods, and do not effectively apply new technology to promote the innovation and reform of college English teaching, it will lead to low efficiency of college English teaching. What is worse, it will affect the quality of English teaching. In this case, college English teachers need to master the main application characteristics of multimedia technology and the effective method to combine college English and computer multimedia technology. Our teachers should try our best to give full play to the advantages of computer multimedia technology during college English teaching. In this process, it is necessary to study and analyze the existing problems and deficiencies of college English teaching, and understand the specific development of computer multimedia technology. Only in this way can we take effective measures to promote the combination of computer multimedia technology and college English teaching, and improve the level of college English teaching.
Design and Implementation of “multi survey integration” Management Service Platform
Authors: Su Xiaoxia , Cheng Xiaojun , Wang Baoguo
Published: July 2021

Many cities have carried out the construction of “multi survey integration” management service platform, which implement the requirements of the state council on the sharing and utilization of surveying and mapping results involved in the approval of engineering construction projects, and promote the implementation of the reform of “multi survey integration”. The platform realize the standardization, flow and informatization of “multi survey integration” management, reduce the burden of enterprises and improve the approval efficiency. This paper expounds the construction idea, system architecture, function design and key technology of the “multi survey integration” management service platform in detail, and realizes the design idea discussed in this paper through the construction of the “multi survey integration” management information system platform in Jiangxi Province. The establishment of the system realizes the online entrustment and management of the “multi survey integration” project in Jiangxi Province, the management and sharing of surveying and mapping results The functions of supervision of surveying and mapping units and projects, quality inspection and audit of surveying and mapping results provide information support for the steady progress of the “multi survey integration” reform.
Research on Building Height Extraction Method from High-resolution Image
Authors: Tang Hao , Du Linlin , Wang Chun , Li Pengfei , Ge Shuangquan , Meng Dezhuang
Published: July 2021

In recent years, there are many researches on calculating the height of buildings by extracting the shadow of buildings, but this method is difficult to be realized in the case of dense buildings or complex ground. To solve this problem, we can use the side information of the building to retrieve the height of the building. In this paper, Otsu Algorithm and LVQ neural network are used to extract the side information of buildings from high-resolution remote sensing images, calculate its length, and then calculate the height of the building according to the physical model of imaging. Compared with the measured building height, the calculation results of this method can meet the accuracy requirements of building height calculation, and this method can complement the results of shadow extraction method. Finally, the height information of most buildings in the area can be obtained.
Research on location method based on monocular vision
Authors: Chen Hao , Lin Meian , Xue Lixia , Gao Tian , Zhu Haojie
Published: July 2021

Monocular vision based positioning method is easy to operate and has a wide application prospect. The monocular vision ranging method proposed in this paper can get the position of the target object from the camera and the angle away from the camera, so as to achieve accurate positioning. In addition, the world coordinate system can be constructed, so that the distance between two or more target objects can be obtained, and the accuracy is high.
Impact of resolution of DEM on the calculation of design floods in a small mountainous basin
Authors: Labat Marija Mihaela , Aleksić Milica , Hlavčová Kamila , Földes Gabriel
Published: July 2021

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a powerful tool for representing the surface of a particular area of interest. The containing data in the DEM is used for determining the characteristics of the surface. The main factor regarding the quality of such data is the resolution of the DEM. In this paper, the authors focus on the impact of the resolution of the two DEMs that were used to calculate a design flood in the Boca River basin. The Boca River basin is a small mountainous catchment located in the Low Tatras National Park in Slovakia. The authors have used digital elevation models of the Boca River basin with a 20 x 20 m and 1 x 1 m resolution of the raster and the S- JTSK coordinate system. The DEMs were downloaded from the Basic Database for GIS (ZBGIS®) which is a part of the spatial database of the cadastral information system in Slovakia. The design values of short-term rainfalls from actual observations from the Kráľová Lehota - Čierny Váh climatological station and the Corine Land Cover land use map for 2018 were used as an input for the calculation of the design floods. The design floods (Qn)were estimated for the return period (N) of 10, 20, 50 and 100 years, using the Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number method, and ArcGIS software and raster tools. The peak design floods were estimated by calculating the time concentration, the maximum potential river basin retention, the design rainfall intensity, the depth of the runoff, and the volume of the flood wave. The aim of the paper was to compare the results of these calculations when the two different quality resolution DEMs are used. The results show that the design floods calculated using the more precise DEM with a 1 x 1 m raster were lower by 3.9% than the design floods calculated using the DEM with the 20 x 20 m raster.
Regulations and methods for disposal of waste drilling fluid
Authors: Sui Dianjie , Zhan Mingwang , Sui Dianxue , Zhao Fulei
Published: July 2021

With the emphasis on environmental protection, drilling process in the disposal of waste drilling fluid is also more and more attention by drilling people in recent years. Based on the current development status of waste drilling fluid disposal method in home and start from waste drilling fluids of the China, this paper discussed respectively of the processing method of based waste drilling fluid in the disposal of waste drilling fluids, and the field application situation. It is more convenient to choose the disposal method of abandoned drilling fluid which is suitable for a certain area, and it will be helpful to the field work.
Research on Main Controlling Factors of Fracturing Reformation of Ancient Sandstone Horizontal Wells in Jingbian Gas Field
Authors: Xu Tonghao , Gong Yufeng , Jin Min
Published: July 2021

From 2015 to 2019, a total of 7 wells in the Shan 28 well area of the Jingbian gas field used pumped bridge plug staged fracturing technology. The average test gas daily gas production rate is 8.13×104m3/d, and the average unblocked flow rate is 46.06×104m3/d, Demonstrating the superiority of the staged fracturing reconstruction process of pumping bridge plugs, However, due to the short time of using the pumped bridge plug staged fracturing process, the main controlling factors of fracturing reformation are not clear, resulting in a large gap between the gas production effect of the reformed well and the expected. Therefore, based on the site construction parameters, this paper uses single factor analysis and grey correlation analysis methods to determine the main control factors for fracturing reformation of the ancient sandstone horizontal well in the Jingbian gas field. Research shows that the length of gas layer, liquid type, average sand ratio, and sand volume are the main factors affecting the open flow and daily gas production of horizontal wells. The research results in this paper have certain guiding significance for the effective development of ancient sandstone horizontal wells.
Construction of green development index system of China inter provincial mining industry
Authors: Huang Jie , Yue Peng
Published: July 2021

The green development index of China inter provincial mining industry is put forward in this paper, and its background significance is analyzed. Based on the concept of combining green and development, the index system framework is constructed from four aspects of resource saving, environment-friendly, structure optimization and management strengthening. Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process are used to calculate the index weight, and the index standardization and index calculation method are proposed. The index system can evaluate the level of green development of China inter provincial mining industry, and objectively show the differences in time and space of green development of mining industry. It is of great significance to promote the green development of mining industry and accelerate the construction of green mine.
Application of multi-source information intelligent early warning system for coal and gas outburst
Authors: Che Yuheng
Published: July 2021

The construction and application of a multi-source information comprehensive early warning system for coal and gas outburst in Xinjing Mine is described. First of all, through a large number of statistical analysis work of mine gas dynamic phenomenon, master the internal laws and characteristics of coal and gas outburst events in Xinjing mine, and use scientific reasoning and analysis methods to establish a multi-source information alarm index system in line with the actual situation of the mine. Secondly, design a professional and efficient early warning data chain structure. Finally, from the information collection end, professional analysis subsystem, the intelligent early warning system is built in three aspects of database to realize the online monitoring, intelligent identification and real-time early warning of prominent hazards. The overall accuracy of the early warning system in Xinjing Mine test period is over 91%, the overall false alarm rate of no outburst danger is less than 9%, and there is no occurrence of the phenomenon of no outburst danger, so the system has a high accuracy of early warning.
Shandong Special Product—Optimization of Phytic Acid Extraction Technology from Weixian Radish and Antioxidant Activity Research
Authors: Yancun Yang , Lei Yuan , Mingzhu Li , Cuiping Li
Published: July 2021

In this experiment, Weixian radish, a specialty of Shandong, was used as raw material, and single factor and orthogonal test methods were used. The extraction process conditions of phytic acid were studied and optimized, and its antioxidant activity was studied. The results of the study showed that the phytic acid in Weixian radish was the optimal condition for the extraction of phytic acid from Weixian radish at the extraction time of 30 minutes, temperature of 25°C, and material-to-liquid ratio of 1:55, and had the greatest impact on the extraction of phytic acid is the temperature. The second was the material-to-liquid ratio, and finally the extraction time. The content of phytic acid extracted under optimal conditions was 0.1276mg/g. The scavenging rate of phytic acid extract under the optimal conditions to DPPH free radical was 30.63%. The .OH radical scavenging rate was 83.12%, the FRAP value was 3.853μmol/L, and the antioxidant effect was significant.
Study on Influencing Factors of Millet Product Consumption Behavior of Residents in Hebei Province-Based on the Perspective of Planned Behavior Theory
Authors: Meng Liu , Hairong Dong , Shuo Cui , Yina Yang , Guomei Zhang
Published: July 2021

As a product with both nutritional value and health function, millet products are favored by more and more consumers. Hebei Province is one of the important provinces whose residents produce millets and consume millet products. And it is of great significance for leading the development of local millet industry to study behavior in millet products consumption. Therefore, this study is based on the survey results of 440 residents in Hebei Province. At the same time, under the guidance of planned behavior theory, this paper analyzes the factors affecting the consumption behavior of millet products of residents by the Binary Logistic model. The results show that: urban and rural residents’ awareness of millet products’ nutritional and health functions, texture, appearance quality, promotion of millet products, product prices, knowledge of millet products, consumers’ gender, age and residence, etc., all have a significant impact on residents’ millet product consumption behavior. Accordingly, this article proposes countermeasures and suggestions for the high-quality development of the millet industry in Hebei Province from the aspects of increasing the research and development of high-yield and high-quality millet varieties, supporting the development of millet deep processing enterprises, and promoting the development of diversified functional millet products.
Sorption Ability of Soil Improvers Based on Sapropel and Biochar to Mineral Fertilizer Nutrients
Authors: Skrylnyk Ievgen , Hetmanenko Viktoriia , Xiao Yidong , Kutova Anzhela , Artemieva Katerina , Zheng Yu , Shi Renkun
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of soil improvers based on sapropel and biochar to adsorb macronutrients of mineral fertilizer. The composition of soil improvers varied in the volume ratio of sapropel and biochar. Sequential three-stage irrigation of various mixtures of sand and soil improvers after the application of mineral fertilizer was carried out using the column system. The content of mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the filtrate and the initial mixtures was analyzed. The data on the dynamics of leaching out of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen from different mixtures (sand + soil amendment + mineral fertilizer) indicated that the most intensive leaching of NO3–N and NH4 – N occurred after the first irrigation. Increasing of sapropel content in the composition of soil improvers was correlated with the resistance to leaching out of mineral nitrogen from mixtures after irrigation. The ability of soil improvers to fix phosphorus increased in mixtures with the highest input of sapropel. Intensive leaching of potassium from soil improvers under irrigation was observed. Soil improvers with content of 90% of sapropel and 10% of biochar in case of its application into the sand in ratio 4:1 had the best sorption characteristic.
Study on Antioxidant Activity of Anthemis nobilis Extract in Liquid
Authors: Yue LiHong , Wang Shuo , Xie YuXuan , Hou ZhenZhen , Liu Lu , Zhang YueHua
Published: July 2021

The chamomile Anthemis nobilis dried flowers was selected as experimental material, and the active ingredients of Anthemis nobilis were extracted with water to determine the ability to remove DPPH and study the antioxidant capacity of Anthemis nobilis aqueous extracts. Single factor variable method, orthogonal experimental method and response surface method were used to select the optimum time, temperature and material/liquid ratio of chamomile. It achieves the maximum DPPH clearance. The experimental results showed that the time was 140 min. Temperature is set to 30°C; when the ratio of feed to liquid was set at 1:20, the DPPH clearance rate of the effective components in Anthemis nobilis water immersion solution reached a maximum of 96.79%.
Effect of microwave-assisted drying methods on the physicochemical properties of beetroots
Authors: Liu Yan , Sabadash Sergey , Duan Zhenhua
Published: July 2021

In this study, fresh beetroots were dried by five different microwave-assisted drying methods, including high-power microwave drying followed by low-power microwave drying (HMD—LMD), high-power microwave drying followed by hot-air drying (HMD—HD), hot-air drying followed by low-power microwave drying (HD—LMD), high-power microwave drying followed by vacuum drying (HMD—VD), and vacuum drying followed by low-power microwave drying (VD—LMD). After drying, moisture content, color, and rehydration ratio as well as betalains and total phenolic contents of the dried beetroots were investigated. The drying time of each microwave-assisted drying method was also investigated. As for drying time, HMD—LMD lasted 46.0 min compared to VD—LMD which lasted 308.0 min. HD—LMD took 185.0 min less than HMD—HD (230.0 min) and HMD—VD (265.0 min). The beetroots obtained by VD—LMD showed the best color appearance, the highest betalain content and total phenolic content, but its drying time was the longest and rehydration ratio was the lowest. The beetroots obtained using HD—LMD showed the highest rehydration ratio. Considering physicochemical properties of dried beetroots and economics, HD—LMD is a recommended and suitable drying method.
Effect of a chitosan-alginate bilayer coating incorporated with lysozyme on quality of refrigerated turbot fillets
Authors: Li Qiuying , Zhang Jingyang , Zhang Dongdong , Sun Tong
Published: July 2021

Preservation properties of chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (ALG) coatings are widely investigated, but their bilayer composite coating application to fish preservation is limited. The aim of present study was to evaluate the quality changes in 4°C turbot fillets treated with a bilayer coating based on lysozyme-CS (LZ-CS) coating layer and ALG coating layer. Changes in total viable counts (TVC), texture profiles, and physiochemical indexes including pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and K value were examined. The results indicated that bilayer coating was more effective than LZ-CS and ALG monolayer coatings in preservation of turbot fillets. The bilayer coating significant inhibited the increase of TVC, pH, TVB-N, and K value, and maintained better texture characteristics of turbot fillets during storage. Therefore, the bilayer coating on the turbot is more superior to monolayer coatings, which would have potential applications on fish preservation.
Effects of LED Light Withering on the Quality of White Tea
Authors: Mu Lidan , Li Tianyu , Tang Jiaojiao , Liu Liping , Wang Ruifang
Published: July 2021

Fresh leaves were used to evaluate the effects of LED light on the main contents of white tea during the withering process. According to the results, the content of tea water extract was increased by LED light withering; tea polyphenols in blue light group was the lowest compared to other treatments; amino acids in red-light group was the highest. LED light withering had obvious effect on the appearance, aroma and taste of white Tea. The tea in red and blue light treatments had natural shape, dark green color, fresh aroma, mellow taste, and in the red-light treatment had flower fragrance; however, the tea in the green light treatment had pure aroma and mellow taste; the sensory evaluation results showed that the quality of the light group was better than that of the control group, and the sensory quality of the comprehensive evaluation was the best.
Free radical scavenging ability of soybean milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum YS4 isolated from yak yoghurt in vitro
Authors: Long Xingyao , Li Qin , Zhao Xin
Published: July 2021

The free radical scavenging ability of Lactobacillus plantarum YS4 isolated from naturally fermented yak yoghurt was tested in vitro. DPPH radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine radical), ABTS radical (2,2-diazo-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazol-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical) and hydroxyl radical were detected in vitro. The results showed that the DPPH free radical, ABTS free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging abilities of soybean milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum YS4 were stronger than those fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and the free radical scavenging ability of soybean milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum YS4 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus was better than that of unfermented soybean milk.
Sentiment analysis based on food e-commerce reviews
Authors: Zhang Suoxiang
Published: July 2021

Customer feedback is of great significance for food manufacturers such as wine to improve product quality. With the increase of consumer users, user feedback collection and classification methods in the traditional food industry have become very time-consuming. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a method of embedding TD-IDF weighted Word2vec word vector into a bidirectional long and short-term memory network based on the attention mechanism.
Spatiotemporal analysis of global food system robustness
Authors: Wang Shuai , Su Wingting , Dai Ke
Published: July 2021

In the context of the rapid development of the world economy, world food security is still not guaranteed as it should be. Thus, a more rational model is urgently in need. We think that a robust food system should have better efficiency, profitability, sustainability, and fairness, so we selected 18 three-tier indicators and four secondary indicators closely related to the impact factors. Then, we use AHP and correlation analysis to put forward the FSRI model, which has the function of describing the composition of food system and evaluating the robustness of food system. We use spatial auto-correlation analysis to compare the differences in values, geospatial distribution, etc. of the food system before and after optimization. Then, through Grey-Verhulst M model, it is predicted that by 2027, FSRI will grow by 44.56 percent, and optimized systems will be implemented to help achieve the United Nations Millennium Goal of eliminating hungry people by 2030.
Pruning during June promoting blueberry branches growth and Flower Buds formation
Authors: Xie Yongdong , Kang Xiaoru , Liu Ji , Zhu Jiaweng , Guo Qiliang , Wang Xun
Published: July 2021

In this experiment, the growth status and flower bud differentiation of blueberry plants were studied after pruning the second or third buds at the top of the sprouting branches in the northern highbush blueberry cultivar ‘Brigitta’ in southwestern China. The results showed that there was no significant change in the content of ethylene among the five endogenous hormones, but top pruning had a significant effect on the content of the other four hormones, which indicated that top pruning could affect flower bud differentiation by regulating the content of endogenous hormones. The number of florets per panicle was significantly increased, which signified more fruits per panicle, and increased fruit yield.
Fault Structure Interpretation Based on Deep Learning—Risk Assessment of Agricultural Geological Disaster
Authors: Yao Pei , Cremilda Samuel Jofrisse
Published: July 2021

China is a large agricultural country, shouldering the heavy responsibility of agricultural production, facing great pressure and challenges under the influence of geological disasters. Frequent agricultural geological disasters have a serious impact on people’s agricultural production and life. The complex geological structure of agricultural production areas, especially the wide distribution and large number of regional fault structures, especially the lack of popularization of geological disaster knowledge among rural residents, is also an important cause of geological disasters. Fault interpretation is the core of complex structure interpretation. The efficiency and degree of interpretation directly affect the progress of agroecological hazard risk assessment.
Effects of different formulations of fertilization on Fruit quality of ‘Phoenix Plum’
Authors: Yang Youting , Gong Yan , Zhou Zhiyang , Gao Yifei , Jiang Xinyao , Han Yan , Deng Lili , Ma Mengmeng , Tang Xiaoyu , Xu Man , Zhang Yue , Xiong Bo
Published: July 2021

Using 5-year-old ‘Phoenix plum’ as experimental material, the effects of different formula fertilization on the fruit quality of ‘Phoenix plum’ were studied. The results showed that compared with the control, the appearance quality and internal quality of the fruit treated with formula 2 were better than those of the control, and the comprehensive quality of the fruit treated with formula 2 was the best. Therefore, using formula 2 to treat ‘Phoenix plum’ can effectively improve the fruit appearance quality and internal quality of ‘Phoenix plum’, which can be popularized in the cultivation area.
Evaluation and Reconstruction of World Food Security System
Authors: Zhang Yiting , Jiang Yexuan , Wei Lingyi
Published: July 2021

Recent events have shown that there are big loopholes in the global food system. In order to analyze the pros and cons of the existing model, we have analyzed the evaluation and construction of the food system according to the following logical thinking to highlight the sustainability and fairness of the food security system. Firstly, this thesis uses the Entropy Weighting Method to evaluate, compare and analyze food security in each country, for the convenience of the model, we randomly sampled the top 73 countries in the world’s comprehensive strength rankings and selected 33 samples. According to the four goals we are going to discuss: efficiency, profitability, sustainability, and fairness. 14 specific secondary indicators are selected. Combined with the DEA model, we further scored the preliminary model. Secondly, we select the United States and China as representatives and bring them into the model for calculation. It is found that the improvement of the model makes developed countries no longer have an advantage in comprehensive scores. It can also indicate that in the current food system, developed countries are more concerned about efficiency and profitability, which to some extent leads to weaker sustainability and fairness.
Ecological Benefit Evaluation of Grassland Agriculture in Ecological Fragile Areas—A Case Study in Dingxi, Gansu Province
Authors: pei-han WU , Hui Long Lin
Published: July 2021

Dingxi City of Gansu Province is a typical ecological fragile area and a famous poverty-stricken city in China. Because of its harsh natural environment and traditional farming ideas, economic development there has been slow. With the implementation of “Agricultural Supply-side Reform” in China, some regions have developed grassland agricultural production mode (GAPM) by introducing grass into fields, but there are still many regions that conform to traditional cultivated land agricultural production mode (CLAPM). In order to find out the suitable agricultural production mode for Dingxi City, two production modes, GAPM and CLAPM there were studied. This study used opportunity cost method and alternative engineering method to compare the ecological benefits of the two production modes. The results showed that the values of GAPM to provide products, conserve soil, regulate climate, sequestrate carbon and product oxygen were 479.31 yuan / mu,483.51 yuan / mu,1.94 yuan / mu,394.6 yuan / mu, and 393 yuan / mu respectively, better than CLAPM. Therefore, GAPM in Dingxi City has been effective, indicating a new suitable industrial mode for Dingxi city and other regions with the same requirement of agricultural industry updating.
Construction of Simplified Traceability System of Agricultural Products Based on Android
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Chen Dandan , Zhang Jiantao , Hu Feng , Zheng Guoqing
Published: July 2021

The complex agricultural supply chains make it difficult to validate whether agricultural products meet the quality standards. In the supply chain of agricultural products, traceability system is an effective means to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. In this study, an easy-to-use simplified traceability system of agricultural products (STSAP) for small and medium-sized enterprises was constructed based on Android. The proposed STSAP provided a high level of traceability and had the characteristics of friendly interfaces, simple operation, and automatic generation of traceability files. STSAP consisted of six functional modules: account management, site management, planting materials management, agricultural activity management, processing management, and traceability files management. These modules recorded soil fertility, crop growth stages, fertilization, irrigation, and pesticide application. Thus, this study helps farmers improve agricultural production and helps consumers trace production processes and transaction records.
Fine-Grained Image Classification on Agricultural Pest Larvae
Authors: Cheng Zekai , Xia Wan
Published: July 2021

Pest management is an essential part of the growth of crops. Accurately identifying the types of pests in the early stage is conducive to formulating targeted prevention and control measures to reduce pests’ impact on grain production. In order to identify the pests in the larval stage as early as possible, in this paper, we compare the conventional classification model and the fine-grained classification model and construct a fine-grained image classification model that can be used to classify the larvae of crop pests, which improves the ability to identify pests in the larval stage. Experiments show that our optimized fine-grained classification model surpasses the general convolution image classification model on the fine-grained agricultural pest datasetAgrFIP20.
Analysis of Genome Characteristics of Helianthus annuus J-01 Chloroplast
Authors: Ma Jun
Published: July 2021

Helianthus annuus J-01 was sequenced using a high-throughput sequencing platform, and the structural characteristics of the whole chloroplast genome sequence were analyzed. The results showed that the H. annuus J-01 chloroplast genome, like most higher plants, has a typical circular double-stranded tetrad structure. The chloroplast genome size is 151142bp, GC content is 38.99%, and a total of 127 genes have been annotated, including 84 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. A total of 18 genes in the H. annuus J-01 chloroplast genome contain introns, of which ycf3 and clpP genes contain 2 introns. In protein-coding genes, leucine is the amino acid with the highest codon encoding rate, and the amino acid with the lowest encoding rate is cysteine. The A/T content of the third codon is 69.32%, and the third codon of the H. annuus J-01 chloroplast genome coding gene prefers to use A/T.
The effects of PBB153 on the levels of E2, T and Vtg in zebrafish
Authors: Longfei Zhang , Mengyuan Wang , Di Wu , Youqiong Cai , Yongfu Shi
Published: July 2021

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are a class of industrial chemicals with the characteristics of persistent organic pollutant, which can cause pathological effects on the endocrine system such as the thyroid and adrenal glands. At the present study, the experiment was designed to obtain the effects of PBB153 on the levels of E2, T and Vtg in zebrafish. The zebrafish were exposed to increasing concentrations of PBB153 solution (0, 0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L) for 21 days. The results showed that PBB153 had a certain inhibitory effect on the secretion of E2, T and Vtg in zebrafish. However, there are relatively few studies on the harm of PBBs and others environmental chemical pollutants to the endocrine system of aquatic organisms, and further research is needed.
Effects of Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizer and Microbial Fertilizer on the Chemical Components Contents of Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Ya’nan Ruan , Zuoxin Tang , Zebin Chen , Tiyuan Xia
Published: July 2021

[Objective] To determine the effect of microbial fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer on the chemical composition content of flue-cured tobacco leaves. [Method] Before planting the flue-cured tobacco, the local conventional fertilizer varieties and microbial fertilizer were applied to tobacco pond annular hole according to the conventional dosage. The experiment has four groups with different treatments, namely T1: without any fertilization; T2: 4 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, applying humic acid organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with 50 g/plant when planting tobacco; T3: reducing the total amount of conventional fertilization by 50%, and applying 80 g/plant of microbial fertilizer; T4: applying only 80 g/plant of microbial fertilizer. The trial adopted a randomized block design, with 3 replicates for each treatment. After the tobacco leaves were harvested and cured at the maturity stage, 5 kg of the lower (X2F), middle (C3F) and upper (B2F) first-cured samples were taken for chemical composition determination and analysis. [Results] The results show that T3 treatment can effectively increase the total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, and chlorine content in X2F, C3F, and B2F grade tobacco leaves, which ratios are between 20.10% ∼ 21.03% and 18.90% ∼ 19.90%, 2.68% ∼ 3.26%, 2.28% ∼ 3.15%, 2.21% ∼ 2.50%, 0.56% ∼ 0.72%, meeting the production standards of high-quality tobacco. Secondly, T4 treatment can significantly improve the sugar-alkali ratio, nitrogen-alkali ratio, and potassium-chloride ratio of X2F grade tobacco leaves, and it can improve the sugar-nitrogen ratio of C3F and B2F grade tobacco leaves, but the effect is not significant; T3 treatment has a significant effect on B2F grade tobacco. The nitrogen-nitrogen ratio of tobacco leaves has a significant effect on improving the sugar-nine ratio, potassium-chloride ratio and the sugar-nitrogen ratio of X2F ∼ B2F grade tobacco leaves, but the effect has not reached a significant level. [Conclusion] Microbial fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer can improve the content of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco. On the whole, the application effect of T3 treatment is better, that is, the application effect of 80 g/plant microbial fertilizer and 50% reduction of conventional chemical fertilizer is more ideal.
Quality Analysis of Coffee Bean Treated by Sunning and Water Washing processing
Authors: Pan Tianyu , Nian Yuxin , Xiang Rong , Jia Ru , Liu Liping , Wang Ruifang
Published: July 2021

The quality of coffee bean determines the evaluation of coffee cup. The Coffea arabica was selected for initial processing and cup quality analysis by sun and water washing treatment, respectively. The results showed that the caffeic acid was bright in cyclic washing treatment, the balance was the best in washing processing, the mellow in semi-washing was better, but the comprehensive quality of sunning was the best. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the production and processing of Yunnan coffee.
Production and characterization of a novel beverage from maize silk through fermentation with kombucha consortium
Authors: Zhiwen Wang , Yijiao Sun , Xianhua Mao , Kai Liu , Fahu Yuan
Published: July 2021

Maize silk was taken as raw material, boiled, cooled and fermented by kombucha fungus to prepare maize silk kombucha beverage. The inoculation amount, initial sugar content and fermentation temperature of kombucha were selected as the influencing factors, and the total acid content of kombucha beverage was taken as the response value. Based on the single factor test, the Box-Benhnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation process. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: kombucha fungus inoculation amount of 17%, initial sugar content of 18%, fermentation temperature of 30 °C, the total acid content of Kombucha beverage was 4.85 g/dL, which was basically consistent with the predicted value of the model.
Technology and principles of asphalt paving
Authors: Andryukhov N M , Pavlov S A
Published: July 2021

The use of high quality equipment in the construction of asphalt pavements is one of the ways to get financial profit from the further use of the developed roadbed. Taking into account the peculiarities of delivery of asphalt mixture to the object of construction, its storage, moving into the hopper of the paver, can significantly reduce the phenomenon of segregation of the mixture, both fractional and temperature. Attention paid to the process of surface formation by the paver, docking with arriving dump trucks, prevents the appearance of defects in the laid layer: joints, potholes, irregularities. The analysis of negative phenomena that may arise in the technology of paving, made by the authors, gives the reader an opportunity to understand how technologically precise the process of building roads should be.
Implementation of FPGA-based camera video adapter for vehicle identification tasks based on EUR 13 classification
Authors: Ilyukhin A V , Seleznev V S , Antonova E O , Abdulkhanova M Y , Marsova E V
Published: July 2021

This article describes the first stage of the research work on the development of FPGA-based cameras for vehicle identification tasks being widespread in automated points of weight and dimensional control. Since FPGA represents an alternative to conventional processors, which features the ability to perform multiple tasks in parallel, a camera equipped with FPGA will be able to perform vehicle detection and identification functions simultaneously. Thus, the camera will perform not only the transmission of the image but also the transmission of the processing result, after which the server will only need to confirm or deny the results of the camera operation, which will significantly reduce the processing time of images from all automated points of weight and dimensional control. A simple VGA port board, a program of a static image for displaying it on a monitor in 640x480 resolution, and a program for a pixel counter were implemented in the development phase. EP4CE6E22C8 is used as FPGA, which power is more than enough to achieve the result.
The additive manufacturing in road construction as factor of its sustainability in conditions of climate change and hydrological catastrophe
Authors: Suetina T A , Koroteev D D , Koreneva A I , Huang Jueru
Published: July 2021

The necessity for technology incorporation has appeared in the construction sector a long time ago. A challenging area in the field of construction touches upon design, build, operation, maintenance, reconstruction and include all the steps of a process. This paper calls into the question of additive manufacturing (AM) application in the construction sector, especially road construction, describing the AM implementation. The model-driven methodology is critical to the success of manufacture. Key challenges that face construction 3D-printing are presented and discussed. The aim of this article was to show exhaustively realistic prospect of AM in road construction as factor of its sustainability, in particular in conditions of climate change and hydrological catastrophe. Furthermore, the experimental simulation was conducted to enable clean insights into the AM process. These insights could be fundamental to further experimental investigations with an eye to estimate the use of traditional already well-established construction materials. The presented opportunities elucidate the demand for on- and off-site CAD integration. The conducted experiment demonstrated all steps of AM.
Processing of expert information for anti-pollution systems research
Authors: Reznik A M , Pogodin A V , Logacheva N V
Published: July 2021

The introduction in Russia of the Euro-5 standard and the tightening of rules on emissions of harmful substances has resulted in an overdue improvement in the methods and algorithms of calculation and design of toxicity decreasing systems to enhance the functioning of devices of these systems. Despite widespread methods of simulation and computer modelling for the study and testing of the proposed organizational and technical measures, it is relevant to assess the increase of exhaust recirculation motor units with the help of experimental studies. The purpose of the study is to evaluate emissions of harmful substances of the car exhaust and suggest an experimental device based on the apparatus and methodology for analysis of carbonyl compounds and volatile organic compounds. In assessing of the effectiveness of reducing the toxicity, significant attention is paid to methods of experimental studies. As an indicator of the effectiveness in reducing the toxicity of motor units, the volume of emissions of harmful substances was selected. The choice of the components of the experimental system for the automated processing of the environmental inspection results of motor vehicles was substantiated. These components are: software tools that implement the conduction of the test by a cold start of the engine and chassis dynamometer settings, as well as monitoring the progress of the experiment; interactive systems to transmit information between the posts of ecological police, private persons and legal entities, companies for the maintenance of vehicles.
Changing the spatial structure of the rocker arm of the tipping mechanism in a garbage truck
Authors: Andryukhov N M , Pavlov S A , Mikhailov K D
Published: July 2021

Building a model of spatial structure of the rocker arm and its design optimization are related to the problem of excess weight of the rocker arm in the garbage tipping system. The simulation was aimed at producing a structure where stresses are minimized. The body of the rocker arm model was determined using the Equivalent Static Load Method (ESL). Based on the simulation, the design of the rocker arm was developed. The weight of the improved rocker arm was reduced by 10.8 kg while maintaining the level of stress produced by loads.
Engine performance, emissions characteristics of the compression ignition engine using HHO gas (Brown’s gas)
Authors: Quynh Nguyen Thin , Dunin Andrey Y. , Duc Le Hoai , Shatrov Mikhail G.
Published: July 2021

HHO gas (Brown’s gas) has recently been used as a new source of energy. The study presents the experimental results at 50% of the accelerator pedal when installed hydroxy (HHO) gas generator on 490 QZL diesel engines. HHO gas was provided into the engine manifold. Comparing the experimental results found that: the economic, technical and exhaust emissions of the diesel engine was improved. The brake power index increased by 2.8% in average compared to pure diesel and 4.2% was the percentage of the maximum engine power increasing at 2200 rpm. Especially, the amount of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) in pure diesel was always higher than one in diesel with HHO gas, which was 13.7% in average. At 1800 rpm, the difference of the minimum value of BSFC in two cases was 12.6%. The HC and CO emissions value reduced by 7.7% and 19.8% in average, respectively, while NOx increased by 13.3% in average compared to pure diesel.
Dynamic tests in real vehicle conditions
Authors: Aleksandrov Anton V , Dolgov Ivan A , Morozkin Timofey V , Tsoriev Alan K , Konyushkov Dmitriy S.
Published: July 2021

The report is devoted to the problem of building feedback with the car during its operation. It analyzes the problems that require feedback from the vehicle, clarifies the reasons why insufficient attention is paid to this issue, and discusses methods for obtaining the most informative data at the lowest cost. When working on the report, the authors relied on the results of their professional activities, which consists in the development and application in practice of diagnostic techniques for automobile internal combustion engines. The least costly and technically easy to implement is getting data from the engine management system controller. To increase the information content of such data, it is required to organize their correct processing and cataloging. You can get information about the progress of the working process in the engine cylinders by means of indication-direct or indirect. The implementation of direct indication is laborious and costly, therefore, with the help of direct indication, the authors of the report develop an indirect indication method based on the analysis of changes in the instantaneous crankshaft speed obtained as a result of processing the signal from the crankshaft position sensor. A promising complex of feedback with a car during operation should receive most of the data on engine operation from the ECM, but to calculate the generated torque, the complex must register a signal from the crankshaft position sensor using an ADC.
Factors affecting the formation of the established deceleration of two-wheeled vehicles
Authors: Brylev I S , Evtyukov S A , Blinder M M , Cherepnina T Y , Rogov V R
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess the factors that influence the formation of braking parameters for two-wheeled vehicles, specially bicycles, on dry and wet asphalt. Braking tests were carried out to determine deceleration using a decelerometer model “LWS-2MC” on dry and wet asphalt. Depending on the type of braking system, the method of braking, the mass of the two-wheeled vehicle and the cyclist, as well as the suspension design, graphs were built and regression equations were obtained. A quantitative assessment is given to the factors influencing the formation of the established deceleration and the deceleration rise time of a two-wheeled vehicle during emergency braking.
Computer materials science of electrical construction composite materials with specified properties
Authors: Ilyukhin A V , Zaripova I I , Abdulkhanova M Y , Marsova E V
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to computer materials science of electrical construction composite materials for obtaining materials with specified properties. The idea, principles and distinctive features of computer materials science are given. An approach to solving a number of problems is described, which makes it possible to fully take into account the presence of random elements that are present in the process of forming composite materials. Implementation of algorithms is implemented, in which results obtained in previous stages affect progress of algorithms execution in subsequent stages. The radar absorbing material is considered in detail using the example of radar absorbing concrete. It has been proved that with multi-factor dependence, it is possible to optimize the composition only using an automated computer system that calculates the composition of the concrete mixture. One possible computer material science problem has shown that in order to increase absorption efficiency, it is necessary to substantially increase the effective absorption volume, which can be achieved by increasing the non-conductive layers in order to reduce the through conductivity of the radar absorbent concrete, i.e., as if to break the material into a large number of small electromagnetic screens. In this case, the volume of interaction of the material with the electromagnetic field extends deep into the material and is made commensurate with the size of the sample. In conclusion, a possible list of tasks and directions for the development of computer materials science is presented.