bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of seismic refraction tomography for detecting a hidden potential fault
Authors: Rinaldi Victor
Published: July 2024

Seismic refraction technique is an increasingly useful geophysical tool for geotechnical studies in civil engineering work including the mapping of different soil formation of subsoil and detection of the bed rock. Additionally, wave velocity is a key parameter which correlates directly with significant geotechnical parameters of soils and rocks. Today, the evolution of the measurement technique in the field and the data processing allows to obtain tomographic images which increases its potential for applications to evaluate structuration of rock mass. This work describes the basic principles of seismic tomography and a case history of an application in civil works used to evaluate the foundation conditions of a site were a new structure for a spillway for the Gatun lake, north Panama, was projected. The study allowed to detect a destructured band sector in the bedrock which was covered by more modern sediments and vegetation just in the site of interest for the foundation of a project. The magnitude of the destructured bedrock forced to relocate the structure.
Lévy flights, optimal foraging strategies, and foragers with a finite lifespan
Authors: Dipierro Serena , Giacomin Giovanni , Valdinoci Enrico
Published: July 2024

In some recent work, we have introduced some efficiency functionals to account for optimal dispersal strategies of predators in search of food. The optimization parameter in this framework is given by the Lévy exponent of the dispersal of the predators. In this paper, we apply our model to the case of foragers with finite lifetime (i.e., foragers which need to eat a certain amount of food in a given time, otherwise they die). Specifically, we consider the case in which the initial distribution of the forager coincides with a stationary distribution of the targets and we determine the optimal Lévy exponent for the associated efficiency functional. Namely, we show that if the Fourier transform of the prey distribution is supported in a sufficiently small ball, then the optimizer is given by a Gaussian dispersal, and if instead the Fourier transform of the prey distribution is supported in the complement of a suitable ball, then the ballistic diffusion provides an optimizer (precise conditions for the uniqueness of these optimizers are also given).
Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Preoperative Irradiation on Early Complications in Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Hwang Ji Won , Kim Su Min , Park Jin-Woo , Woo Kyong-Je
Published: July 2024

Background Impact of previous radiation therapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on early complications in direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction has not been elucidated. This study investigated whether DTI reconstruction is viable in patients with NACT or a history of preoperative chest wall irradiation.

Methods Medical records of breast cancer patients who underwent nipple-sparing or skin-sparing mastectomy with DTI breast reconstruction from March 2018 to February 2021, with at least 1 year of follow-up in a single tertiary center, were reviewed. Demographic data, intraoperative details, and postoperative complications, including full-thickness necrosis, infection, and removal, were reviewed. Risk factors suggested by previous literature, including NACT and preoperative chest wall irradiation histories, were reviewed by multivariate analysis.

Results A total of 206 breast cancer patients were included, of which, 9 were bilateral, 8 patients (3.9%) had a history of prior chest wall irradiation, and 17 (8.6%) received NACT. From 215 cases, 11 cases (5.1%) required surgical intervention for full-thickness necrosis, while intravenous antibiotics or hospitalization was needed in 11 cases (5.1%), with 14 cases of failure (6.5%) reported. Using multivariable analysis, preoperative irradiation was found to significantly increase the risk of full-thickness skin necrosis (OR = 12.14, p = 0.034), and reconstruction failure (OR = 13.14, p = 0.005). NACT was not a significant risk factor in any of the above complications.

Conclusion DTI breast reconstruction is a viable option for patients who have received NACT, although reconstructive options should be carefully explored for patients with a history of breast irradiation.
Identifying orientation-dependent optical properties of single-crystalline β-Ga2O3 films
Authors: Upadhyaya Kishor , Gudelli Vijay Kumar , Ogieglo Wojciech , Alamoudi Hadeel , Alreshidi Fatimah , Roqan Iman S.
Published: July 2024

We explore the effect of crystallographic anisotropy on the optical properties of high-quality β-Ga2O3 thin films by conducting experimental measurements and theoretical simulations. High resolution x-ray diffraction measurements confirm the high-quality and the single crystalline quality, ruling out the effect of defects for all films. Raman spectra reveal the presence of anisotropy, as evident from a stronger Bg(2) mode related to GaIO4 chain libration in (100) orientation. Conversely, a stronger Ag(10) mode corresponding to tetrahedral bonds is evident in the (010) orientation, while it is suppressed in the (100) orientation. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra indicate the presence of intrinsic impurity-related emissions in the ultraviolet and blue regions for all films. An anisotropic bandgap is observed, wherein the lowest bandgap value is related to the (010) oriented sample. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements confirm different refractive indices and extinction coefficient values depending on crystallographic orientation, which are in good agreement with the theoretical values obtained by density functional theory, confirming the anisotropic characteristics. The theoretical calculations of charge density show that the strength of covalent bonding depends on the β-Ga2O3 orientation, while experimental findings demonstrate that as the covalent bonding character increases, the film bandgap and the refractive index decrease. The anisotropy of β-Ga2O3 with respect to the crystal orientation leads to variations in the extinction coefficient, refractive index, and bandgap energy.
Spectroscopic evidence of spin-state excitation in d-electron correlated semiconductor FeSb
2
Authors: Li Huayao , Wang Guohua , Ding Ning , Ren Quan , Zhao Gan , Lin Wenting , Yang Jinchuan , Yan Wensheng , Li Qian , Yang Run , Yuan Shijun , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Wang Zhenxing , Zhang Xiaoqian , Wray L. Andrew , Dong Shuai , Qian Dong , Miao Lin
Published: July 2024

Iron antimonide (FeSb
2
) has been investigated for decades due to its puzzling electronic properties. It undergoes the temperature-controlled transition from an insulator to an ill-defined metal, with a cross-over from diamagnetism to paramagnetism. Extensive efforts have been made to uncover the underlying mechanism, but a consensus has yet to be reached. While macroscopic transport and magnetic measurements can be explained by different theoretical proposals, the essential spectroscopic evidence required to distinguish the physical origin is missing. In this paper, through the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic multiplet simulations, we have observed the mixed spin states of 3
d
 6
configuration in FeSb
2
. Furthermore, we reveal that the enhancement of the conductivity, whether induced by temperature or doping, is characterized by populating the high-spin state from the low-spin state. Our work constitutes vital spectroscopic evidence that the electrical/magnetical transition in FeSb
2
is directly associated with the spin-state excitation.
The choroid plexus maintains adult brain ventricles and subventricular zone neuroblast pool, which facilitates poststroke neurogenesis
Authors: Taranov Aleksandr , Bedolla Alicia , Iwasawa Eri , Brown Farrah N. , Baumgartner Sarah , Fugate Elizabeth M. , Levoy Joel , Crone Steven A. , Goto June , Luo Yu
Published: July 2024

The brain’s neuroreparative capacity after injuries such as ischemic stroke is partly contained in the brain’s neurogenic niches, primarily the subventricular zone (SVZ), which lies in close contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Despite the wide range of their proposed functions, the ChP/CSF remain among the most understudied compartments of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report a mouse genetic tool (the ROSA26iDTR mouse line) for noninvasive, specific, and temporally controllable ablation of CSF-producing ChP epithelial cells to assess the roles of the ChP and CSF in brain homeostasis and injury. Using this model, we demonstrate that ChP ablation causes rapid and permanent CSF volume loss in both aged and young adult brains, accompanied by disruption of ependymal cilia bundles. Surprisingly, ChP ablation did not result in overt neurological deficits at 1 mo postablation. However, we observed a pronounced decrease in the pool of SVZ neuroblasts (NBs) following ChP ablation, which occurs due to their enhanced migration into the olfactory bulb. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke, NB migration into the lesion site was also reduced in the CSF-depleted mice. Thus, our study establishes an important role of ChP/CSF in regulating the regenerative capacity of the adult brain under normal conditions and after ischemic stroke.
Plume-scale confinement on thermal convection
Authors: Noto Daisuke , Letelier Juvenal A. , Ulloa Hugo N.
Published: July 2024

Despite the ubiquity of thermal convection in nature and artificial systems, we still lack a unified formulation that integrates the system’s geometry, fluid properties, and thermal forcing to characterize the transition from free to confined convective regimes. The latter is broadly relevant to understanding how convection transports energy and drives mixing across a wide range of environments, such as planetary atmospheres/oceans and hydrothermal flows through fractures, as well as engineering heatsinks and microfluidics for the control of mass and heat fluxes. Performing laboratory experiments in Hele-Shaw geometries, we find multiple transitions that are identified as remarkable shifts in flow structures and heat transport scaling, underpinning previous numerical studies. To unveil the mechanisms of the geometrically controlled transition, we focus on the smallest structure of convection, posing the following question: How free is a thermal plume in a closed system? We address this problem by proposing the degree of confinement

Λ

—the ratio of the thermal plume’s thickness in an unbounded domain to the lateral extent of the system—as a universal metric encapsulating all the physical parameters. Here, we characterize four convective regimes different in flow dimensionality and time dependency and demonstrate that the transitions across the regimes are well tied with

Λ

. The introduced metric

Λ

offers a unified characterization of convection in closed systems from the plume’s standpoint.
Generation of macroscopic entanglement in ensemble systems based on silicon vacancy centers
Authors: Wu 武 Jian-Zhuang 建壮 , Xi 奚 Ying 滢 , Li 李 Bo-Ya 博雅 , Lu 芦 Lian-E 连娥 , Ma 马 Yong-Hong 永红
Published: July 2024

Entanglement in macroscopic systems, as a fundamental quantum resource, has been utilized to propel the advancement of quantum technology and probe the boundary between the quantum and classical realms. This study focuses on a unique hybrid quantum system comprising of an ensemble of silicon vacancy (SiV) centers coupled to phononic waveguides in diamond via strain interactions. By employing two sets of time-dependent, non-overlapping driving fields, we investigate the generation process and dynamic properties of macroscopic quantum entanglement, providing fresh insights into the behavior of such hybrid quantum systems. Furthermore, it paves the way for new possibilities in utilizing quantum entanglement as an information carrier in quantum information processing and quantum communication.
Biogeography: A Case in Spatial Distribution Pattern of 21 Pinus thunbergii Populations in Japan
Authors: Mukasyaf Aziz Akbar
Published: July 2024

Biogeography is study of spatial distribution of organisms that has always been a source of fascination for naturalists, ecologists, and scientists. Evaluating genetic differentiation at various spatial scales provides valuable biogeographical insights relate to genetic structure of the species within the populations. The Expressed Sequence Tag - Simple Sequence Repeat, EST-SSR, marker used in these studies to gain insights into the efficiency of this marker. The objective of these studies was to provide a deeper understanding of the genetic diversity, structure, and phylogeographic history of this species, thus filling an important knowledge gap in the field of forest genetics and biogeography. According to historical context that cultivation and domestication of P. thunbergii have been taking place for centuries. Consequently, the spatial distribution pattern of 21 P. thunbergii populations cannot be divorced from the influence of human activities. It is provides valuable information about the factors that have led to the observed distribution pattern. Genetic differentiation has revealed distinct differences between two predecessor clusters, West-South Ward and East-North Ward. These clusters may hold insights into the biogeographical history of P. thunbergii in Japan, shedding light on its evolutionary past and how it has adapted to its environment over time.
Towards adaptive watershed management: a new era of watershed management in the Anthropocene
Authors: Malawani Mukhamad Ngainul , Rhosadi Iwan , Rachmadan Firdaus Alif , Handayani Tiara
Published: July 2024

The main objective of watershed management is to conserve land and forest. However, the paradigm of watershed management has also changed and shifted to address the existing challenges. In particular, since the Anthropocene, watershed management has become a critical topic of attention as human pressures to environment have increased. The alternative is to defend against the escalating pressures or to adapt further. Three goals can be considered as the key pillars of watershed management: biodiversity protection, land preservation, and climate change adaptation. The ultimate objective is to achieve healthy watershed. The various approaches in watershed management can be categorized into three main groups: fragmented, integrated, and comprehensive watershed management. The highest level is the adaptive approach, which promotes flexibility, learning and adjusting. However, up to now not many have adopted this approach for watershed management. Indonesia might be entered the decentralization stage, and with a little improvement it can achieve the adaptive approach. We also suggest that an adaptive approach needs to be promoted in watershed management, especially during the current era, i.e., the Anthropocene. Accordingly, quality assurance cycles such as PDCA (plan-do-check-action) can be applied in the adaptive approach. This cycle can be applied to prepare the further management by adjusting and adapting previous management to improve the quality and sustainability of the next watershed management programs.
Land Use Change Analysis and Remote Sensing-Based Spatial Evaluation In Kendal District, Indonesia in 2015 and 2020
Authors: Wardana K. , Jumadi J.
Published: July 2024

Land use change in Kendal District, Indonesia, has become a crucial issue in spatial management. The mismatch between land use and spatial planning is one of the problems that often occurs. Limited land and rapid population growth have driven significant changes in land use, especially in the industrial sector, so an evaluation is needed by comparing actual land use in the area with the applicable Spatial Plan. This research aims to analyze land use change between 2015 and 2020 in Kendal District. Based on quantitative approaches and descriptive analysis, secondary data and interpretation of remote sensing imagery are used to understand land change. The results show that there were significant changes in spatial planning and land use in 2015 and 2020, so these results can make an important contribution to the government in regional planning and sustainable urban development. Changes in land use in Kendal Regency have not been in accordance with the Spatial Pattern Plan Map of the Kendal area. This is because changes will continue to occur, so changes in land use will also continue to change. It is not surprising that changes have not occurred significantly or in accordance with the planned pattern.
The Potential of Community Forest Development through Agroforestry Pattern of Medicinal Plants on Marginal Land in Lombok Tengah, Indonesia
Authors: Nada Firda Maftukhakh Hilmya , Samawandana Gipi , Nandini Ryke
Published: July 2024

Lombok Tengah Regency has community forest areas that have the potential to be developed. Current conditions show that many community forests in Lombok Tengah have been developed on marginal land and generally have not implemented intensive land management practices. Thus, land productivity has not been achieved optimally. Improving the quality of marginal land requires intensive land management practices to achieve a balance of ecological, social, and economic functions. The agroforestry pattern is an effort that can be implemented to increase the land productivity of community forests in Lombok Tengah. Agroforestry is a land management system that has great potential to be developed in community forests because it can improve ecological, social, and economic functions. However, not all farmers know the appropriate pattern to increase the productivity of their land. The study aims to determine appropriate land management patterns to be developed in community forests in Lombok Tengah. The method is a focus group discussion (FGD) with 40 farmers in Emboan, Mangkung Village, Lombok Tengah Regency. The study results showed that 78% of farmers in Emboan choose an agroforestry pattern with medicinal plants, especially rhizome types. In comparison, 22% of farmers choose to plant multi-purpose tree species (MPTS) and food crops. Ginger/jahe (Zingiber officinale), galangal/lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), and lemongrass/serai (Cymbopogon citratus) are the most suitable medicinal plants based on biophysical and socio-economic conditions to be developed on community forest in Emboan, Mangkung Village, Lombok Tengah Regency.
Relationship of Road Infrastructure to Economic Inequality in Central of Java
Authors: Kusumawardani S , Kiat U E I
Published: July 2024

Economic inequality is a evidence of income inequality between per capita in a region. Many factors, one of which is due to destitute road conditions in connecting between regions. Therefore, three objectives in this study: knowing the impact of road infrastructure on the level of Groos Domestic Product; knowing the level of economic inequality; and analyze the relationship of road infrastructure to the level of economic inequality in Central Java. The research method is a regression analysis with using Eviews 9. GDP per capita acts as a dependent variable. Meanwhile number of people experiencing poverty, length of road, number of vehicles, and government spending are independent variable. The best test model is Fixed Effect Model, after testing Chow and Hausman Test. The results is the number of people experiencing poverty had no significant (negative) effect on GDP per capita in Central Java. Meanwhile, the others variable have no impact on the GDP per capita of Central Java. The results it was obtained that the level of economic inequality in 2018 to 2021 is influenced by GDP per capita and the number of people experiencing poverty.
Assessment of Variables in Fruit Product Safety Procedures in Surabaya City Modern Retail
Authors: Widayanti Sri , Santoso Wahyu , Mubarokah
Published: July 2024

Public health problems with food contamination, both microbial and chemical, continue to be a challenge for the food industry. Therefore, it is crucial for modern retail outlets to keep their fresh food in a safe-to-eat condition. The research objective is to analyze various factors in fruit product safety procedures at modern retail in the city of Surabaya. The research sample was deliberately determined to consist of Distributor and Logistics Managers from each supermarket and hypermarket, quality control staff and fresh food staff, totaling 50 samples. The capacity to identify the procedures for ensuring food safety at their places of employment was the criterion used to select each respondent. The data analysis method uses a factor analysis approach and is supported by IBM SPSS Ver. software. 23. The research parameters are based on the Guidance on Hygiene and Safety in the Food Retail Sector Sector as a standard from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Result show that there are 5 main components that have gone through a reduction process and have been assessed properly. The five factors are the factors of ‘Storage’, ‘Proper Cleaning and Sanitation’, ‘Pest Control’, ‘Incoming Material Inspection’ and ‘Product Traceability’. This study discovered that in order to guarantee quality assurance for food goods, modern ritel in Surabaya must emphasize storage, good cleaning and sanitation, pest control, inspection of incoming materials, and product tracking.
Leading Commodity of Beef Cattle in West Java Province
Authors: Perwitasari F.D , Suhartanto B. , Ngadiyono N. , Kusumastuti T.A. , Putra A. R. S. , Suwignyo B. , Widiati R.
Published: July 2024

Determining development priorities for a base commodity will make it easier for local governments to plan and make regional development policies. That is why this research aims to identify priority areas that have comparative and competitive advantages. This research method uses surveys and secondary data. The data used in this research is panel data. Panel data is a combination of time series data and cross-section data. Location selection using purposive sampling. Data analysis uses shift-share analysis and LQ (Location Question) analysis. This research shows that beef cattle have superior areas in 16 sub-districts in Zones I and II (Klassen Typology), while Zone III is a prospective area. Zone I, I, and III development strategy is: 1. Focusing development on cattle base areas, 2. Sustainable availability of feed, both forage and concentrate feed, which has good quantity and quality. 3. Local government policies. 4. Development of livestock farmer groups to increase knowledge and attitudes towards technology. 5. There are supporting institutions that work together, especially marketing institutions. Recommendations require further research on the macro and micro potential of the region.
The Impact of Sustainable Technology Adoption on Coffee Farming in Tana Toraja, Indonesia: A Call for Comprehensive Support
Authors: Sunanto  , Yuniarsih E.T. , Hanifa AP , Basir Nappu M. , Herniwati  , Salim  , Andriani Ida , Syamsuri Riswita , Rahmatiah
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the potential incorporation of sustainable technology to enhance the production and income of coffee farmers in Tana Toraja Regency, Indonesia. Employing a survey methodology, the research was conducted from January to December 2019 in the Lembang Pemanukan area of the Gandang Batu Silanan District within Tana Toraja Regency. The respondents, totaling 30 farmers, were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The results of the investigation reveal that the implementation of sustainable technology leads to a significant increase in both coffee production levels and the income of the farmers. Nevertheless, factors such as land constraints and production expenses impact the rate of technology adoption. Despite the high level of farmer acceptance, complete optimization is impeded by these challenges. In the study, it is emphasized how important it is to give farmers new motivation and offer them all the assistance they need to adopt sustainable technology. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of enhancing access to resources and markets to further augment productivity and income. The research also highlights the significance of crafting sustainable agricultural models tailored to local circumstances and resource availability. In conclusion, this research illustrates the favorable influence of technology adoption in coffee farming in Tana Toraja and advocates for comprehensive assistance to maximize its potential.
Structure of Agroforestry Farmers’ Household Income: Findings from the Kendeng Mountains Area, Indonesia
Authors: Santosa Fajar Julian , Padmaningrum Dwiningtyas , Widiyanto  , Rubiyanto Cahyo Wisnu , Purwanto Danang , Kusuma Wardani Raden Roro Ilma
Published: July 2024

Agroforestry systems have received much attention as sustainable land use practices that integrate agricultural crops and forest crops by local people to maximize the income structure. However, often the structure of household income who adopted this system is volatile and unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to examine the income structure of farmer households that rely on agroforestry systems and explore factors that influence agroforestry income. We used variables of age, education, land area, number of activities of non-agroforestry, number of cultivated plants, and institutional participation. This study used survey techniques and in-depth interviews to collect data in Tegaldowo Village which was chosen based on the agroforestry potential of the surrounding villages in the Kendeng Mountains region. We interviewed 34 households selected from the population by random sampling, then we analyzed all informations by using descriptive and regression analysis. The analysis results showed that agroforestry income contributes 57.4% of the total household income approximately 25,071,029 IDR (1,729 USD) per household per year. In addition, non-agroforestry income contributed 4.2% of total household income consisting of 14% paddy field farming, skilled labor 842%, public workers 9.9%, traders 0.8%, employee 8.7%, remittances 0.8%, and other income 3.6%.
Study of Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed Breeding Based on Farmer Groups in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Surdianto Y , Sutrisna N , Nurawan A , Hamdani K K , Wiratno W , Erythrina E , Sugandi D
Published: July 2024

The study was conducted in Sukanagara Village, Padaherang District, Pangandaran Regency, Indonesia, from July to December 2021. This study consisted of three activities, namely: (1) demonstration of technology for rice seed production covering an area of 10 ha; (2) capacity building of farmers through technical guidance; and (3) initiation of farmer group-based rice seed production system. The objectives of this study were to: (1) produce certified rice seeds; (2) improve the capacity of farmers on rice seed production technology; (3) growing farmer groups for rice seed breeders. The data collected were: (a) the characteristics of the study site and the number of certified rice seeds were analyzed descriptively, (b) farmer capacity before and after technical guidance was analyzed by comparing changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills of farmers before and after the technical guidance. The results of the study reported: (1) The demonstration of rice production technology produced 10 tons of certified rice seeds for each Inpari 32 and 42 varieties; (2) Farmers’ capacity for rice seed production technology increases after technical guidance, and (3) Rice seed breeding based on farmer groups through a systems approach and technological and institutional assistance by officers were successfully formed.
Ensuring Community Development Sustainability on Biodiversity Park Development Plan
Authors: Supyandi D , Suhendi R N , Fauzannara A
Published: July 2024

The development of biodiversity parks is increasingly being encouraged as an ex-situ effort to conserve biodiversity in Indonesia. One of the cities that are attempting to build this biodiversity park is Cimahi City in West Java. The development of the biodiversity park will not only be related to bio-physical environment aspects, but also includes other aspects including social, economic, cultural and policy. This article aims to describe the local community’s perception of the development of a biodiversity park, and to assess the community’s readiness in its development. The study that underlies the writing of this article was carried out by applying qualitative cum quantitative design by conducting a survey of 100 community members, conducting in-depth interviews with a number of resource persons and conducting field observations. The results of the study show that because of their ignorance, most of the community members perceive that the construction of the biodiversity park has no risk in their lives. This is supported by measuring the level of community readiness for the construction of a biodiversity park which is in the denial/resistance stage. The communities have no motivation to act on issues and feel that there is nothing they need to do and they should not do anything. Therefore, to ensure the sustainability of the biodiversity park in this location, the proponent (Environment Office of Cimahi City) must conduct intensive socialization, involve local communities in every stage of development, make community members part of the management of the biodiversity park, and as carefully as possible identify various business opportunities and potentials that can be done by the affected community in the location in order to make them be independent.
Factors Determining Knowledge Acquisition in Livestock Waste Management Training Held by Animal Husbandry Training Centre at Songgoriti, Batu - Indonesia
Authors: Indrarosa Dwita , Mariyono Joko , Santoso Siswanto Imam , Sutaryo
Published: July 2024

The livestock industry plays a substantial role in the Indonesian economy as the industry provides a significant share of the country’s national income. The industry also engages labour in rural and sub-urban areas since traditional smallholder livestock dominates the industry in the country. One problem in the smallholder livestock is the inadequate capacity of farmers leading to mediocre livestock management, generating polluting waste and low income. A special training curriculum for smallholder farmers is expected to improve farmer capacity. Animal Husbandry Training Centre at Songgoriti regularly holds special training in waste management for smallholder livestock farmers. This study aimed to analyse the training outcome and factors influencing knowledge attainment resulting from the training. The training outcome was measured using incremental knowledge related to training subjects. Socio-demographic-economic characteristics of training participants were considered the determinants of training outcomes. The analysis employed a multiple regression model. Data were compiled from the training centre’s reports and documentation of training held in 2021 and 2022. The results show that the training outcome was apparent. Some participants showed good knowledge acquisition, and some others did not. The starting point of existing knowledge mattered. Some socio-demographic-economic characteristics significantly determined incremental knowledge acquisition. The study suggests training participants should be grouped based on the knowledge baseline. The advanced participants are separated from the usual ones whenever possible to reach high training outcomes.
Agritourism Development through Leveraging Financial Support within the 4As Framework
Authors: Yusuf E. S. , Wulandari S , Syukur M.
Published: July 2024

Financing is a crucial issue in agritourism development. Financial considerations play a significant role in the successful implementation and long-term sustainability of agritourism ventures. This research focuses on understanding the financial challenges that arise within each component of the 4As framework. The research methodology used is a literature study. This study emphasizes the financial challenges that emerge within each component of the 4As framework. Key financial factors for sustainable agritourism includes infrastructure investment, eco-friendly planning, cost management, effective marketing, training, and environmental preservation. Developing and managing attractions requires financial investment in creating and promoting unique experiences while ensuring cultural sustainability and integrity. Access involves infrastructure development and maintenance, transportation costs, and the need to reach remote rural areas. Providing adequate amenities requires financial resources for facility development, maintenance, and visitor service management. Ancillary services pose financial barriers in terms of initial investment, operational costs, and balancing authenticity with visitor expectations. Innovative financial approaches and support mechanisms are needed to foster agritourim development. These include accessing funding opportunities, exploring public-private partnerships, leveraging community-based tourism models, and volunteer tourism. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of financial support programs through government grants and subsidies, incubators and accelerators programs, and tourism development funds.
Market Integration and Price Transmission of Grain And Rice In Jepara Regency
Authors: Wulandari Tri , Ekowati Titik , Komalawati
Published: July 2024

Jepara is one of the rice-producing centers in Central Java. The price of rice in Jepara always experiences an increase, which is not always the same as changes in the price of grain at the producer level. The differences in price movements in the market vertically indicate the need to study integration analysis and vertical price transmission. This study aims to analyze the market integration and price transmission of grain and rice between producers and consumer in Jepara Regency. The data used is secondary data in the form of daily data on the real price of dry unhusked rice harvested at the farm level, the price of rice at the mill level and the price of rice at the consumer level in Jepara Regency from 2020 to 2022 from the Office of Agriculture and Plantation of Central Java Province and the Food Security and Agriculture Service, Jepara Regency. Data was analysed using the VECM (Vector Auto Correction Model). The results showed that there was a vertical price asymmetry in the short and long term between the price of grain at the producer level (GKP), the price of milled rice (BMP), the price of wholesale rice (HBG) and the price of retail rice (BME) in Jepara Regency. Price formation at the consumer or retail level is influenced by the price of rice at the wholesale level and the price of grain at the farm level. The price of grain at the farm level also affects the price of rice at the milling level and the wholesale level but not vice versa. Thus, it can be concluded that grain producers are the determinants of rice prices in Jepara Regency.
Farmers’ Preferences on the Quality of Local Garlic Varieties from Bali Indonesia
Authors: Khaririyatun Nur , Yusuf  , Silitonga Tulus Fernando , Kurniawan Helmi , Jayanti Hadis
Published: July 2024

The objective of this research was to identify local varieties of garlic that are preferred by customers. The research was conducted in Tabanan Bali from July to October 2021. The methodology was used a combination of demonstration plots and Participatory Research. In the demonstration plot, local varieties of garlic were planted, consisting of 4 varieties of local garlics from Indonesia, namely Kesuna Kayu, Sangga Sembalun, Lumbu Putih, and Lumbu Kuning. The demonstration plot was created for an observation plot for garlics customers, including farmers, traders, and housewives. They participated in implementing Participatory Research to determine their preferences for local garlic varieties of garlic in the demonstration plot. Respondents who participated in this preference test included 28 farmers, 4 traders, and 12 housewives. Each respondent assesses the preference for the predetermined attributes. Farmers assessed garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, cloves size, cloves shape, bulbs colour, aroma, skin thickness outside bulbs, harvest time and production/yield. Traders assess garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, clove size, clove shape, clove colour, clove diameter, aroma, skin thickness outside bulbs, easy to peel and easy to grind (to make pasta). Housewives’ consumers assessed garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, clove size, clove shape, clove colour, aroma, easy to peel, and easy to grind (to make pasta). Rating based on the Likert scale, namely: like very much (score 5), like (score 4), normal (score 3), do not like (score 2), and really do not like (score 1). Based on the results of data analysis, the results obtained are: Kesuna Kayu, as a local Balinese variety, is the first ranked (4.19), followed by Sangga Sembalun (3.81), Lumbu Kuning (3.38), and Lumbu Putih (3.17), respectively.
Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises of Banana Processed Products Based on Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts
Authors: Prasetyo Agus Subhan , Sumekar Wulan , Prima Ari , Aulia Anisa Nurina , Firdauzi Annisa , Kurniasari Dwiya Anela
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to study the sustainability of SMEs of banana processing products based on economic, social, and environmental impacts using the Triple Bottom Line concept. This study used a case study approach; the number of respondents was 160 from Mekarsari SMEs. The results show that all processed banana products are feasible because the R/C ratio value is more than 1. The added value produced by the four products is high because the added value ratio of the four products is above 40%. Business sustainability is assessed from the Triple Bottom Line aspect. The economic aspect has shown the sustainability of its business economically, as seen from the increase in sales. The social aspect of Mekarsari SMEs can create new jobs by empowering the community. The environmental aspect shows that Mekarsari SMEs can produce innovations by managing their product waste. The banana processing products in the Mekarsari SMEs are sustainable based on economic, social, and environmental aspects.
Enhancement of Production and Food Security Through Sustainable Shallot Cultivation
Authors: Dewi Triyani , Yustika Rahmah D , Arianti Forita D
Published: July 2024

Increasing food production and security has become the main focus in facing global challenges. In this context, cultivating shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) with a sustainable approach is critical to meeting sustainable food needs. Shallot is one of the horticultural crops that contribute significantly to farmers’ food needs, income, economy, and food supply in Indonesia. However, conventional shallot cultivation practices often face problems such as soil degradation, ecosystem damage, and dependence on synthetic chemicals. Therefore, sustainable shallot cultivation is vital to increase productivity, yield quality, and environmental sustainability. This article provides information and examines a sustainable systems approach in shallot cultivation involving organic farming practices, efficient water management, integrated weed control, and biological protection against diseases and pests. The use of varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests, as well as adaptive to climate change, are also important factors in sustainable shallot cultivation. In this case, technology and innovation in plant breeding can provide solutions to produce more resilient and productive shallot varieties. Sustainable shallot cultivation offers economic benefits for farmers and maintains environmental sustainability and food availability for the community. Therefore, collaboration between the government, farmers, research institutions, and the private sector is key in encouraging the adoption of sustainable practices in shallot cultivation.
Sorghum Seed Vigor as Affected by Storage Duration
Authors: Arief R , Wahyuni S , Giamerti Y , Fatmawati  , Nur Susilawati P , Widiastuti M L , Djaya E
Published: July 2024

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) was primarily used as food and feed in Indonesia. Although it has spread in many locations, productivity remains low because of a low emergence percentage and poor stand establishment. One of the most critical elements contributing to this low output is seed vigor. Farmers typically preserve their seed for the following season. Sorghum seed is typically stored in standard storage facilities and other types of warehouses. Environmental factors influencing seed quality in storage include seed viability at harvest, initial seed moisture content, mechanical damage during seed processing, packaging material, temperature and humidity in storage, and biochemical injury of seed tissue. The effect of the storage period on sorghum seed will be discussed in this research.
Performance test and economic analysis of paddy direct seed planter modified pulled by tractor (amator) in tidal swamp, South Sumatra
Authors: Herwenita  , Suprihatin A , Raharjo B , Maryana Y E , Yustisia  , Hutapea dan Y
Published: July 2024

Lack of labor is another obstacle to the characteristics of the tidal swamp land itself so that the use of agricultural equipment and machinery such as Amator can be used as solution. This paper aims to analyze the use of the amator in terms of technical and economic aspects of the equipment so that it is known whether it is efficient and profitable for farmers. Data collection was carried out through observation of equipment performance tests in the field and key informant interviews. This research was carried out in Sri Katon Village, Air Salek District, Banyuasin Regency. The data observed are technical performance including work capacity and work efficiency, as well as economic analysis in the form of basic costs and break-even point of using equipment. The results of the performance test show that the amator has a high efficiency (87.52%) with an effective working capacity value of 0.6244 ha hr−1 (1.6012 hr ha−1). The basic cost incurred for the use of the amator is IDR 193.145 ha−1 with a BEP of 16,8 ha yr−1. The use of amator with seeds only 35 kg ha−1 can save planting costs of IDR 200,000 ha−1 compared to the farmer practice.
Application of Aloe vera addition and different storage time on goat’s milk yogurt with Spirulina platensis to total lactic acid, pH value, viscosity, and antioxidant activity
Authors: Pratiwi L W , Pramono Y B , Hartanto R , Nawangsari D N
Published: July 2024

Goat milk has begun to be popular with Indonesian people, so it has high prospects for development, because of its higher production, and relatively easy maintenance compared to cow’s milk. This study aims to examine the application of Aloe vera (AV) addition and different storage time on goat’s milk yogurt with Spirulina platensis on total lactic acid (TLA), pH value, viscosity, and antioxidant activity. The research design used a completely randomized factorial design with 3 replications each (3×3×3). The first factor was the addition of AV (A0: 0%, A1: 5%, A2: 10%). The second factor was storage time (B0: 0 days, B1: 8 days, B2: 16 days). Data on TLA, pH value, and viscosity were processed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Antioxidant activity was analyzed descriptively. The statistical analysis of TLA, pH value, and viscosity yielded significant results on storage time. The use of higher concentrations of AV increased antioxidant activity, and the longer it was stored, the less. Yogurt with 10% AV can be consumed for up to 8 days. Yogurt with the addition of AV up to the highest concentration of 10% can be used because it produces the most antioxidants compared to 0% and 5%, but the storage time is still safe for use up to 8 days because the TLA is still less than 2%.
Aromatherapy Candles Made From Sweet Orange Fruit Essential Oil With A Different Ratio Of Stearin And Paraffin
Authors: Susilawati Y , Hamzah F , Harun N , Pramana A , N Hasnah AR
Published: July 2024

Today’s sweet orange peels can be a valuable waste if used properly. It is known that there is a chemical compound of essential oil that has high economic value in orange peel called limonene, which has a distinctive fresh aroma. Aromatherapy candles are a diversification of candle products that contain essential oils. This study aims to get the best comparison of the quality of stearin and paraffin wax based on SNI 06-0386-1989. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) with five treatment variations and three replications. The treatment used was a ratio of stearin and paraffin with a ratio of stearin:paraffin of 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20. Data analysis used ANOVA with Duncan’s new multiple range test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the ratio of stearin and paraffin had a significant effect on the melting point test, burn time test, air bubbles, and overall acceptance. The best treatment was a ratio of 50:50 with a melting point test value of 57.90°C, a burn time test of 4.40 hours, a slightly concave normal air bubble test, and overall acceptance of like criteria with a score of 4.2.
Optimizing the production process of biscuit industry as an approach to strengthening the local agricultural sector which reduce vulnerability of the global food crisis case study: analysis of waste in coconut biscuit industry with the DMAIC method
Authors: Pramono Y B , Utami A R
Published: July 2024

The local biscuit industry as a potential partner in the agricultural sector continues to grow rapidly. The development of local industries, including the coconut biscuit industry, must be continuouslyoptimized as an approach to empowering local agricultural sector that indirectly play a role in reduce vulnerability of the global food crisis. This makes the industry continue to try to find and adopt efficient and effective ways to increase product value and expand market share, one of the ways is the application of lean manufacturing. In this article, a case study is used in the coconut biscuit industry using the DMAIC analysis method and several tools such as VALSAT, fishbone diagrams and FMEA. Based on the analysis conducted, it is known that in the coconut industry there are several wastes such as unnecessary motion, defects and rework, and waiting with non-value added (NVA) activities for 784s. Therefore, further analysis is carried out regarding the proposed improvements that might be implemented. Some of the suggestions for improvement that can be given are the preparation of a buffer tank that is integrated with aload cell and transfer using a piping system, determine standardization of temperature and treatment of ovens as well as stipulation of work instructions and briefings during the initial process of the production line, analysis and evaluation of capacity, line layout, and lifetime on sugar water silo pumps and adjustments size and maintenance of dough tubs so as to reduce waste and NVA in the production process area.
Examples of étale extensions of Green functors
Authors: Lindenstrauss Ayelet , Richter Birgit , Zou Foling
Published: July 2024

We provide new examples of étale extensions of Green functors by transferring classical examples of étale extensions to the equivariant setting. Our examples are Tambara functors, and we prove Green étaleness for them, which implies Tambara étaleness. We show that every

C
2

C_2

-Galois extensions of fields gives rise to an étale extension of

C
2

C_2

-Green functors. Here we associate the constant Tambara functor to the base field and the fix-Tambara functor to the extension. We also prove that all

C
n

C_n

-Kummer extensions give rise to étale extensions for arbitrary finite

n
n

. Étale extensions of fields induce étale extension of

G
G

-Green functors for any finite group

G
G

by passing to the corresponding constant

G
G

-Tambara functors.