bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape configuration of mental targets representation as a holistic measure in a 3D real world pointing test for spatial orientation
Authors: Gerb J. , Brandt T. , Dieterich M.
Published: November 2023

Deficits in spatial memory are often early signs of neurological disorders. Here, we analyzed the geometrical shape configuration of 2D-projections of pointing performances to a memorized array of spatially distributed targets in order to assess the feasibility of this new holistic analysis method. The influence of gender differences and cognitive impairment was taken into account in this methodological study. 56 right-handed healthy participants (28 female, mean age 48.89 ± 19.35 years) and 22 right-handed patients with heterogeneous cognitive impairment (12 female, mean age 71.73 ± 7.41 years) underwent a previously validated 3D-real-world pointing test (3D-RWPT). Participants were shown a 9-dot target matrix and afterwards asked to point towards each target in randomized order with closed eyes in different body positions relative to the matrix. Two-dimensional projections of these pointing vectors (i.e., the shapes resulting from the individual dots) were then quantified using morphological analyses. Shape configurations in healthy volunteers largely reflected the real-world target pattern with gender-dependent differences (ANCOVA area males vs. females F(1,73) = 9.00, p 3.69 × 10−3, partial η2 = 0.10, post-hoc difference = 38,350.43, pbonf=3.69 × 10−3**, Cohen’s d 0.76, t 3.00). Patients with cognitive impairment showed distorted rectangularity with more large-scale errors, resulting in decreased overall average diameters and solidity (ANCOVA diameter normal cognition/cognitive impairment F(1,71) = 9.30, p 3.22 × 10−3, partial η2 = 0.09, post-hoc difference = 31.22, pbonf=3.19 × 10−3**, Cohen’s d 0.92, t 3.05; solidity normal cognition/cognitive impairment F(1,71) = 7.79, p 6.75 × 10−3, partial η2 = 0.08, post-hoc difference = 0.07, pbonf=6.76 × 10−3** Cohen’s d 0.84, t 2.79). Shape configuration analysis of the 3D-RWPT target array appears to be a suitable holistic measure of spatial performance in a pointing task. The results of this methodological investigation support further testing in a clinical study for differential diagnosis of disorders with spatial memory deficits.
Unravelling the genome of the brackish water malaria vector Anopheles aquasalis
Authors: Alencar Rodrigo Maciel , Sepulveda Cesar Camilo Prado , Martinez-Villegas Luis , Bahia Ana Cristina , Santana Rosa Amélia , de Souza Igor Belém , D’Elia Gigliola Mayara Ayres , Duarte Ana Paula Marques , de Lacerda Marcus Vinicius Guimarães , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Secundino Nágila Francinete Costa , Pimenta Paulo Filemon Paolucci , Koerich Leonardo Barbosa
Published: November 2023

Malaria is a severe public health problem in several developing tropical and subtropical countries. Anopheles aquasalis is the primary coastal malaria vector in Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands, and it has the peculiar feature of living in water with large changes in salinity. Recent research has recognised An. aquasalis as an important model for studying the interactions of murine and human Plasmodium parasites. This study presents the complete genome of An. aquasalis and offers insights into its evolution and physiology. The genome is similar in size and gene content to other Neotropical anophelines, with 162 Mb and 12,446 protein-coding genes. There are 1387 single-copy orthologs at the Diptera level (eg. An. gambiae, An. darlingi and Drosophila melanogaster). An. aquasalis diverged from An. darlingi, the primary malaria vector in inland South America, nearly 20 million years ago. Proteins related to ion transport and metabolism belong to the most abundant gene families with 660 genes. We identified gene families relevant to osmosis control (e.g., aquaporins, vacuolar-ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPases, and carbonic anhydrases). Evolutionary analysis suggests that all osmotic regulation genes are under strong purifying selection. We also observed low copy number variation in insecticide resistance and immunity-related genes for all known classical pathways. The data provided by this study offers candidate genes for further studies of parasite-vector interactions and for studies on how anophelines of brackish water deal with the high fluctuation in water salinity. We also established data and insights supporting An. aquasalis as an emerging Neotropical malaria vector model for genetic and molecular studies.
Reappraisal of clinical trauma trials: the critical impact of anthropometric parameters on fracture gap micro-mechanics—observations from a simulation-based study
Authors: Roland Michael , Diebels Stefan , Orth Marcel , Pohlemann Tim , Bouillon Bertil , Tjardes Thorsten
Published: November 2023

The evidence base of surgical fracture care is extremely sparse with only few sound RCTs available. It is hypothesized that anthropometric factors relevantly influence mechanical conditions in the fracture gap, thereby interfering with the mechanoinduction of fracture healing. Development of a finite element model of a tibia fracture, which is the basis of an in silico population (n = 300) by systematic variation of anthropometric parameters. Simulations of the stance phase and correlation between anthropometric parameters and the mechanical stimulus in the fracture gap. Analysis of the influence of anthropometric parameters on statistical dispersion between in silico trial cohorts with respect to the probability to generate two, with respect to anthropometric parameters statistically different trial cohorts, given the same power assumptions. The mechanical impact in the fracture gap correlates with anthropometric parameters; confirming the hypothesis that anthropometric factors are a relevant entity. On a cohort level simulation of a fracture trial showed that given an adequate power the principle of randomization successfully levels out the impact of anthropometric factors. From a clinical perspective these group sizes are difficult to achieve, especially when considering that the trials takes advantage of a „laboratory approach “, i.e. the fracture type has not been varied, such that in real world trials the cohort size have to be even larger to level out the different configurations of fractures gaps. Anthropometric parameters have a significant impact on the fracture gap mechanics. The cohort sizes necessary to level out this effect are difficult or unrealistic to achieve in RCTs, which is the reason for sparse evidence in orthotrauma. New approaches to clinical trials taking advantage of modelling and simulation techniques need to be developed and explored.
Eco-friendly cellulose hydrogels as controlled release fertilizer for enhanced growth and yield of upland rice
Authors: Abg Ahmad Dayang Fazirah Binti , Wasli Mohd Effendi , Tan Cindy Soo Yun , Musa Zaki , Chin Suk-Fun
Published: November 2023

The effect of urea-loaded cellulose hydrogel, a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on growth and yield of upland rice were investigated in upland rice. As with the initial research, nitrogen (N) treatments were applied as CRF treatments; T2H (30 kg N ha−1), T3H (60 kg N ha−1), T4H (90 kg N ha−1), T5H (120 kg N ha−1) and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) at 120 kg N ha−1 RDF (T6U) in split application and T1 (0 N) as control. Results from this study indicated that applying CRF at the optimum N rate, T4H resulted in maximum grain yield, increasing by 71%. The analysis of yield components revealed that higher grain yield in T4H CRF was associated with an increase in panicle number and number of grains per panicle. Maximum grain N uptake of 0.25 g kg−1 was also observed in T4H CRF. In addition, T4H CRF recorded the highest harvest index (HI) and N harvest index (NHI) of 45.5% and 67.9%, respectively. Application of T4H CRF also recorded the highest N use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE), 52.6% and 12.8 kg kg−1, respectively. Observations show that CRF with only 75% N applied (T4H) in soil improved grain yield when compared to CRF with 100% N and 100% RDF in farmers’ conventional split application. This suggested that CRF with a moderate N application might produce the highest potential yield and improved N efficiencies while enhancing crop production and further increase in N supply did not increase yield and N efficiencies. The results suggest that the application of T4H CRF for upland rice would enhance HI, N efficiencies and improve the yield of upland rice. Also, all growth parameters and yield were positively influenced by the application of CRF as a basal dose compared to split application of conventional urea fertilizers.
Impact of acute kidney injury and renal recovery status in deceased donor to kidney transplant outcome: results from the Thai national transplant registry
Authors: Larpparisuth Nuttasith , Nivatvongs Supanit , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Lumpaopong Adisorn , Pongskul Cholatip , Skulratanasak Peenida
Published: November 2023

The influence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal recovery in deceased donor (DD) on long-term kidney transplant (KT) outcome has not previously been elucidated in large registry study. Our retrospective cohort study included all DDKT performed in Thailand between 2001 and 2018. Donor data was reviewed case by case. AKI was diagnosed according to the KDIGO criteria. Renal recovery was defined if DD had an improvement in AKI to the normal or lower stage. All outcomes were determined until the end of 2020. This study enrolled 4234 KT recipients from 2198 DD. The KDIGO staging of AKI was as follows: stage 1 for 710 donors (32.3%), stage 2 for 490 donors (22.3%) and stage 3 for 342 donors (15.6%). AKI was partial and complete recovery in 265 (17.2%) and 287 (18.6%) before procurement, respectively. Persistent AKI was revealed in 1906 KT of 990 (45%) DD. The ongoing AKI in DD significantly increases the risk of DGF development in the adjusted model (HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.44–1.99; p < 0.001). KT from DD with AKI and partial/complete recovery was associated with a lower risk of transplant loss (log-rank P = 0.04) and recipient mortality (log-rank P = 0.042) than ongoing AKI. KT from a donor with ongoing stage 3 AKI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause graft loss (HR 1.8; 95% CI 1.12–2.88; p = 0.02) and mortality (HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.09–4.41; p = 0.03) than stage 3 AKI with renal recovery. Persistent AKI, but not recovered AKI, significantly increases the risk of DGF. Utilizing kidneys from donors with improving AKI is generally safe. KT from donors with persistent AKI stage 3 results in a higher risk of transplant failure and recipient mortality. Therefore, meticulous pretransplant evaluation of such kidneys and intensive surveillance after KT is recommended.
Construction of Mn–N–C nanoparticles with multienzyme-like properties and photothermal performance for the effective treatment of bacterial infections
Authors: Ding Yong , Yang Xiao-Chan , Yu Ya-Ya , Song Sheng-Nan , Li Bo , Pang Xue-Yao , Cai Jian-Jian , Zhang Chun-Huan , Huang Shan , Xia Ya-Mu , Gao Wei-Wei
Published: November 2023

In this work, novel Mn–N–C NPs were developed for antibacterial therapy with a photothermal-enhanced synergistic enzymatic mechanism. The bactericidal rate was 99.3% against MRSA and 98.7% against AREC, with a high wound healing efficiency.
Perylene diimide-based radical anions for the rapid detection of picomolar H2O2 in an aqueous medium
Authors: Kaur Navdeep , Sardana Sagar , Mahajan Aman , Kumar Subodh , Singh Prabhpreet
Published: November 2023

A stable radical anion with t1/2 = 96 minutes in 50% water is characterized using EPR, CV, I–V, optical, SEM and AFM techniques, and developed as an assay for the rapid detection of 26.6 pM H2O2.
DMSO–KOH mediated stereoselective synthesis of Z-enamides: an expeditious route to Z-enamide bearing natural products
Authors: Bhat Showkat Ahmad , Ahmed Qazi Naveed , Bhat Khursheed Ahmad
Published: November 2023

An efficient strategy towards stereoselective amidation of alkynes is reported.
Unlocking the reactivity of diazo compounds in red light with the use of photochemical tools
Authors: Orłowska Katarzyna , Łuczak Klaudia , Krajewski Piotr , Santiago João V. , Rybicka-Jasińska Katarzyna , Gryko Dorota
Published: November 2023

The red light-irradiation of structurally diversified diazoalkanes gives access to reactive intermediates via direct photolysis and via photosensitization or photoredox approaches.
Thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of mixed-cation halide perovskites
Authors: Chen Zicong , Yang Zhenyu , Du Shijie , Lin Dabin , Zhang Fangteng , Zeng Youjun , Liu Guanyu , Nie Zhaogang , Ma Lin
Published: November 2023

Thermal decomposition properties of mixed cation organic–inorganic halide perovskites were investigated via thermal analysis coupled with FTIR spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), revealing the influence of cation ratios on the thermal stability of perovskites.
Designing drugs and chemical probes with the dualsteric approach
Authors: Zha Jinyin , He Jixiao , Wu Chengwei , Zhang Mingyang , Liu Xinyi , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2023

Dualsteric modulators are praised for a balance of potency and selectivity, overcoming drug resistance, function bias, and an easy scheme for partial agonist. It could also be used to design fluorescent tracers and study protein conformations.
Polystyrene microplastics interaction and influence on the growth kinetics and metabolism of tilapia gut probiotic Bacillus tropicus ACS1
Authors: Athulya Pazhamthavalathil Anil , Chandrasekaran Natarajan , Thomas John
Published: November 2023

Polystyrene microplastics affects the growth kinetics and cell viability of Bacillus tropicus ACS1, a probiotic isolated from tilapia gut. It induced oxidative stress and influenced the EPS production of the bacteria under in vitro conditions.
Predictive binary mixture toxicity modeling of fluoroquinolones (FQs) and the projection of toxicity of hypothetical binary FQ mixtures: a combination of 2D-QSAR and machine-learning approaches
Authors: Chatterjee Mainak , Roy Kunal
Published: November 2023

We have developed conventional and machine learning-based mixture QSAR models from the toxicity data of the binary mixtures of fluoroquinolones in E. coli.
Status and challenges for CO2 electroreduction to CH4: advanced catalysts and enhanced strategies
Authors: Li Bingkun , Liu Lu , Yue Mingzhu , Niu Qingman , Li Min , Zhang Tianyu , Xie Wenfu , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2023

Sustainable energy-powered carbon dioxide (CO2) electroreduction into methane (CH4) under ambient conditions holds great promise for achieving carbon neutrality and mitigating environmental pollution.
Catalytic depolymerization of polyester plastics toward closed-loop recycling and upcycling
Authors: Weng Yujing , Hong Cheng-Bin , Zhang Yulong , Liu Haichao
Published: November 2023

Catalytic depolymerization of polyester plastics toward closed-loop recycling and upcycling
Denitrogenation and desulfurization of model oil through adsorption process using one-pot-synthesized reusable CYCU-3@Al2O3 composites
Authors: Fu Hongchen , Zuhra Zareen , Ali Shafqat , Zhou Yunshan , Zhang Lijuan , Duan Xiaoya , Zhao Zipeng
Published: November 2023

The as-synthesized CYCU-3@Al2O3 composites were used for the removal of SCCs and NCCs from model oil and showed excellent adsorption performances and recyclability.
Highly active low-temperature HCHO oxidation of mesoporous Pt/CeO2 derived from Pt/CeBDC
Authors: Shi Kangzhong , Lv Shenjie , Hua Zelin , Ruan Chenxuanzhi , Liu Xingpei , Wu Nanhua , Mao Changjie , Li Licheng
Published: November 2023

Two reaction steps of HCHO oxidation on Pt/CeO2(MOF) are accelerated by reactive oxygen species to enhance the catalytic performance.
Phasor-FLIM-guided unraveling of ATRA supramolecular organization in liposomal nanoformulations
Authors: Bernardi Mario , Vernizzi Michael , Baraldi Laura , Balog Sandor , Bassanetti Irene , Sgarbi Elisa , Fornasari Luca , Arrigoni Chiara , Cardarelli Francesco
Published: November 2023

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to study the supramolecular organization of liposomal all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), exploiting its intrinsic fluorescence as signal and phasor transformation as a fit-free analytical tool.
Cu(ii) salts as terminal oxidants in visible-light photochemical oxidation reactions
Authors: Lutovsky Grace A. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: November 2023

A review of new oxidative photocatalytic methods enabled by the use of copper(ii) salts as convenient, earth-abundant, cost-effective terminal oxidants.
Developing and optimizing novel Cr3+-activated inorganic NIR phosphors by combining triple-objective optimization and crystal field engineering
Authors: Jiang Lipeng , Jiang Xue , Yang Mei , Zhao Xinpeng , Wang Changxin , Gao Panpan , Su Yanjing
Published: November 2023

A novel approach combining TOO and CFE for new NIR phosphors development was proposed. Under the guidance of this strategy, LaGa0.5Sb1.5O6:Cr3+ with wavelengths longer than 850 nm and balanced performance was discovered.
Divergent synthesis of nitrocyclopropanes and isoxazoline N-oxides from nitro compounds and vinyl sulfonium salts
Authors: Ushakov Pavel Yu. , Golovanov Ivan S. , Ioffe Sema L. , Tabolin Andrey A.
Published: November 2023

A divergent approach toward polysubstituted nitro cyclopropanes and isoxazoline N-oxides is controlled by the choice of base and solvent.
Self-assembled boron nitride nanosheet-based aerogels as support frameworks for efficient thermal energy storage phase change materials
Authors: Xu Lanshu , Ding Yujie , Wang Laishun
Published: November 2023

Phase change materials (PCMs) based on boron nitride nanosheet aerogels as support frameworks are efficient in thermal energy storage.
Heterologous expression of the cryptic mdk gene cluster and structural revision of maduralactomycin A
Authors: Schwitalla Jan W. , Le Ngoc-Thao-Hien , Um Soohyun , Schalk Felix , Brönstrup Mark , Baunach Martin , Beemelmanns Christine
Published: November 2023

After conducting an in silico analysis of the cryptic mdk cluster region and performing transcriptomic studies, an integrative Streptomyces BAC Vector containing the mdk gene sequence was constructed and heterologous expression yielded the angucyclic product seongomycin.
Design, synthesis and in silico evaluation of newer 1,4-dihydropyridine based amlodipine bio-isosteres as promising antihypertensive agents
Authors: Takkar Priya , Singh Bholey , Pani Balaram , Kumar Rakesh
Published: November 2023

This research encompasses the strategic design, synthesis, and computational assessment of a novel series of 1,4-dihydropyridine based scaffolds with the objective of developing promising antihypertensive agents.
The state of Fe3+ in the C–F–A–S–H system with varying Fe/Si and Ca/Si ratios
Authors: Fang Yuan , Zhuang Kunde , Cui Hongzhi , Zhang Zuhua , Wang Aoxuan , Wang Chenman , Zheng Dapeng , Wang Xianfeng
Published: November 2023

Synthetic CaO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (C–F–A–S–H) gels with Fe/Si and Ca/Si ratios in the ranges 1/8–1/4 and 1.0–2.0, respectively, are investigated to reveal the coordination, location, and doping configuration of Fe3+.
Industrial-scale efficient alkaline water electrolysis achieved with sputtered NiFeV-oxide thin film electrodes for green hydrogen production
Authors: Ha Quoc-Nam , Yeh Chen-Hao , Gultom Noto Susanto , Kuo Dong-Hau
Published: November 2023

To mitigate electrocatalyst peel-off under high current conditions, sputtering technology is employed to craft bifunctional electrocatalyst films, specifically ternary NiFeV-oxide films with varied V compositions for enabling comprehensive alkaline water splitting in industrial applications.
3D nanostructured conductive PANI/MXene hydrogels for durable aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yalei , Song Jun , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: November 2023

PANI/MXene hydrogels show a three-dimensional (3D) network structure of MXene nanosheets interconnected with PANI chains through hydrogen bond interactions, thus greatly improving the electrochemical reactivity and stability.
Advanced engineering strategies for Li2S cathodes in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Gao Guowei , Yang Xiaochen , Bi Jingxuan , Guan Wanqing , Du Zhuzhu , Ai Wei
Published: November 2023

This review comprehensively explores the diverse strategies of Li2S engineering and examines potential avenues for enhancing structural stability and electrochemical performance.
Skin-inspired environment-tolerant organohydrogel sensors with balanced mechanical and electrical properties for human motion and physiological signal monitoring
Authors: Zhang Wenshuai , Xu Lingxiao , Lv Cui , Sun Peipei , Shi Lei
Published: November 2023

A skin-inspired inner–outer synergistic strategy was proposed for preparing environment-tolerant organohydrogel sensors, where trade-off effects and synergistic effects co-contributed to their balanced comprehensive performances.
Voice Discrimination in Quiet and in Background Noise by Simulated and Real Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Levin Michal , Zaltz Yael
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Cochlear implant (CI) users demonstrate poor voice discrimination (VD) in quiet conditions based on the speaker's fundamental frequency (
f
o
) and formant frequencies (i.e., vocal-tract length [VTL]). Our purpose was to examine the effect of background noise at levels that allow good speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) on VD via acoustic CI simulations and CI hearing.

Method:

Forty-eight normal-hearing (NH) listeners who listened via noise-excited (
n
= 20) or sinewave (
n
= 28) vocoders and 10 prelingually deaf CI users (i.e., whose hearing loss began before language acquisition) participated in the study. First, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that yields 70.7% correct SRT was assessed using an adaptive sentence-in-noise test. Next, the CI simulation listeners performed 12 adaptive VDs: six in quiet conditions, two with each cue (
f
o
, VTL,
f
o
+ VTL), and six amid speech-shaped noise. The CI participants performed six VDs: one with each cue, in quiet and amid noise. SNR at VD testing was 5 dB higher than the individual's SRT in noise (SRTn +5 dB).

Results:

Results showed the following: (a) Better VD was achieved via the noise-excited than the sinewave vocoder, with the noise-excited vocoder better mimicking CI VD; (b) background noise had a limited negative effect on VD, only for the CI simulation listeners; and (c) there was a significant association between SNR at testing and VTL VD only for the CI simulation listeners.

Conclusions:

For NH listeners who listen to CI simulations, noise that allows good SRT can nevertheless impede VD, probably because VD depends more on bottom-up sensory processing. Conversely, for prelingually deaf CI users, noise that allows good SRT hardly affects VD, suggesting that they rely strongly on bottom-up processing for both VD and speech recognition.
Clinical Supervision Postpandemic: Providing a Continuity of Care and Supervision Using Zoom in the University Clinic Setting
Authors: Bitetti Dana , Santarlas Amanda , Costello-Yacono Maureen
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the shift to telepractice by university clinics. Supervision then occurred through Zoom or other videoconferencing platforms. Although clinics have returned to in-person services, the use of telepractice still continues as a preferred form of service delivery for many clients. However, providing both telepractice and in-person supervision in one university clinic can present many challenges. This article describes how one pro bono university clinic is resolving supervisor observation issues and space limitations by implementing a cohesive, low-cost Zoom observation system that is used with both in-person and telepractice clients.

Method:

The history of the previous observation system is provided along with the factors that necessitated the shift to the videoconferencing platform. The authors describe the configuration of the clinic rooms, the equipment needed to implement a similar observation system, and recommendations for getting started. This article also discusses the benefits and challenges of using the Zoom observation system for supervision with graduate student clinicians and their clients.

Conclusion:

The information is relevant to programs seeking to implement an effective low-cost observation system for training graduate students in a university clinic.
Device-Assisted Therapy for Lingual Function Rehabilitation: A “How To” Guide for Clinicians
Authors: Kallambettu Veena , Kaval Farah , Krekeler Brittany N.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Lingual function rehabilitation is a frequently targeted area of exercise-based dysphagia treatment. This tutorial aims to provide a detailed guideline for clinicians on how to apply currently available evidence for implementation of lingual rehabilitation exercises both with and without device-assisted modalities.

Method:

We provide a detailed review of existing definitions of lingual function parameters (e.g., strength and endurance) with currently available normative values for clinical reference. Guidelines are also provided on how to use available lingual manometry (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and Tongueometer) to aid in both assessment and treatment. With respect to determining exercise targets based on the lingual function assessment, we review the importance of leveraging principles of exercise physiology into the rehabilitation planning. Strategies for incorporating exercise physiology principles into strength and endurance training are provided along with a case example illustrating these concepts.

Conclusions:

This tutorial serves as a framework for clinical implementation of comprehensive lingual function assessment and rehabilitation. Considerations regarding barriers in access to equipment and clinical advocacy are also discussed.
MSCAReg‐Net: Multi‐scale complexity‐aware convolutional neural network for deformable image registration
Authors: Yu Hu , Zheng Qiang , Hu Fang , Ma Chaoqing , Wang Shuo , Wang Shuai
Published: November 2023

Deep learning‐based image registration (DLIR) has been widely developed, but it remains challenging in perceiving small and large deformations. Besides, the effectiveness of the DLIR methods was also rarely validated on the downstream tasks. In the study, a multi‐scale complexity‐aware registration network (MSCAReg‐Net) was proposed by devising a complexity‐aware technique to facilitate DLIR under a single‐resolution framework. Specifically, the complexity‐aware technique devised a multi‐scale complexity‐aware module (MSCA‐Module) to perceive deformations with distinct complexities, and employed a feature calibration module (FC‐Module) and a feature aggregation module (FA‐Module) to facilitate the MSCA‐Module by generating more distinguishable deformation features. Experimental results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed MSCAReg‐Net over the existing methods in terms of registration accuracy. Besides, other than the indices of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and percentage of voxels with non‐positive Jacobian determinant (), a comprehensive evaluation of the registration performance was performed by applying this method on a downstream task of multi‐atlas hippocampus segmentation (MAHS). Experimental results demonstrated that this method contributed to a better hippocampus segmentation over other DLIR methods, and a comparable segmentation performance with the leading SyN method. The comprehensive assessment including DSC, , and the downstream application on MAHS demonstrated the advances of this method.
Gas rotation and dark matter halo shape in cool-core clusters of galaxies
Authors: Bartalesi T. , Ettori S. , Nipoti C.
Published: November 2023

Aims.We study the possibility that the gas in cool-core clusters of galaxies has non-negligible rotation support, the impact of gas rotation on mass estimates from current X-ray observations, and the ability of forthcoming X-ray observatories to detect such rotation.

Methods.We present three representative models of massive cool-core clusters with a rotating intracluster medium (ICM) in equilibrium in cosmologically motivated spherical, oblate, or prolate dark matter halos, represented by physical density–potential pairs. In the models, the gas follows a composite-polytropic distribution, and has rotation velocity profiles consistent with current observational constraints and similar to those found in clusters formed in cosmological simulations. We show that the models are consistent with available measurements of the ICM properties of the massive cluster population: the thermodynamic profiles, the shape of the surface brightness distribution, the hydrostatic mass bias, and the broadening of X-ray emitting lines. Using the configuration for the microcalorimeter onboard the XRISM satellite, we generated a set of mock X-ray spectra for our cluster models, which we then analyzed to make predictions about the rotation speed that will be obtained with such an instrument. We then assessed what fraction of the hydrostatic mass bias of our models could be accounted for by detecting the rotation speed with XRISM spectroscopy over the range (0.1 − 1)r500, sampled with three nonoverlapping pointings.

Results.Current data leave room for rotating ICM in cool-core clusters, with peaks in the rotation speed as high as 600 km s−1. We show that such rotation, if present, will be detected with upcoming X-ray facilities such as XRISM and that 60 − 70% of the hydrostatic mass bias due to rotation can be accounted for using the line-of-sight velocity measured from X-ray spectroscopy with XRISM, with a residual bias smaller than 3% at an overdensity of 500. In this way, XRISM will allow us to pin down any mass bias of a different origin from the rotation.
Cosmological parameters derived from the final Planck data release (PR4)
Authors: Tristram M. , Banday A. J. , Douspis M. , Garrido X. , Górski K. M. , Henrot-Versillé S. , Hergt L. T. , Ilić S. , Keskitalo R. , Lagache G. , Lawrence C. R. , Partridge B. , Scott D.
Published: November 2023

We present cosmological parameter constraints using maps from the last Planck data release (PR4). In particular, we detail an upgraded version of the cosmic microwave background likelihood, HiLLiPoP, that is based on angular power spectra and relies on a physical modeling of the foreground residuals in the spectral domain. This new version of the likelihood retains a larger sky fraction (up to 75%) and uses an extended multipole range. Using this likelihood, along with low-ℓ measurements from LoLLiPoP, we derived constraints on ΛCDM parameters that are in good agreement with previous Planck 2018 results, but with smaller uncertainties by 10% to 20%. We demonstrate that the foregrounds can be accurately described in the spectral domain, with a negligible impact on ΛCDM parameters. We also derived constraints on single-parameter extensions to ΛCDM, including AL, ΩK, Neff, and ∑mν. Noteworthy results from this updated analysis include a lensing amplitude value of AL = 1.039 ± 0.052, which is more closely aligned with theoretical expectations within the ΛCDM framework. Additionally, our curvature measurement, ΩK = −0.012 ± 0.010, is now fully consistent with a flat universe and our measurement of S8 is closer to the measurements derived from large-scale structure surveys (at the 1.5σ level). We also added constraints from PR4 lensing, making this combination the most tightly constrained data set currently available from Planck. Additionally, we explored the addition of baryon acoustic oscillation data, which tightens the limits on some particular extensions to the standard cosmology.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Visceral Vein Thrombosis: An Update Based on the Revised AWMF S2k Guideline
Authors: Mühlberg Katja S.
Published: November 2023

Splanchnic or visceral vein thromboses (VVTs) are atypical thrombotic entities and include thrombosis of the portal vein, hepatic veins (Budd-Chiari syndrome), mesenteric veins, and splenic vein. All VVTs have in common high 30-day mortality up to 20% and it seems to be difficult to diagnose VVT early because of their rarity and their wide spectrum of unspecific symptoms. VVTs are often associated with myeloproliferative neoplasia, thrombophilia, and liver cirrhosis. VVT is primarily diagnosed by sonography and/or computed tomography. In contrast to venous thromboembolism, D-dimer testing is neither established nor helpful. Anticoagulation is the first-line therapy in patients with stable circulation and no evidence of organ complications. Anticoagulation improves significantly recanalization rates and stops the progress of thrombosis. Low-molecular-weight heparin, vitamin K antagonists, as well as direct-acting oral anticoagulants are possible anticoagulants, but it is noteworthy to be aware that all recommendations supporting the off-label use of anticoagulants are based on poor evidence and consist predominantly of case series, observational studies, or studies with small case numbers. When choosing a suitable anticoagulation, the individual risk of bleeding and thrombosis must be weighted very carefully. In cases of bleeding, bowel infarction, or other complications, the optimal therapy should be determined on a case-by-case basis by an experienced multidisciplinary team involving a surgeon. Besides anticoagulation, there are therapeutic options including thrombectomy, balloon angioplasty, stenting, transjugular placement of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, liver transplantation, and ischemic bowel resection. This article gives an overview of current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Handchirurgie bei entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen
– ein Update
Authors: Gaulke Ralph
Published: November 2023

Die peripheren Gelenke an Händen und Füßen sind bei
entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen und hier insbesondere bei der
rheumatoiden Arthritis und bei Arthritis psoriatica sehr häufig von der
Entzündung betroffen. Neben den Gelenken sind besonders die
Entzündungen der Sehnenscheiden zu beachten, da diese unbehandelt zu
einer Durchwanderung der Sehne führen können welche dann
Defektrupturen bedingen. Die Rekonstruktion dieser langstreckig
geschädigten Sehnen ist aufwendig und die Ergebnisse sind schlechter als
die der Tenosynovialektomie. Sollte eine ansonsten wirksamer Basistherapie an
einzelnen Gelenken der Hand nicht zu einer Beruhigung der Entzündung
führen, so ist die operative Synovialektomie zum Gelenkserhalt
indiziert. Da neben den Gelenken der Hand auch häufig Destruktionen mit
Bewegungseinschränkungen am Schulter- und Ellenbogengelenk auftreten,
sollte bei Destruktionen im Handgelenk nicht generell eine komplette Arthrodese
durchgeführt werden, so lange noch Gelenkkompartimente erhalten sind. Es
bestehen zahlreiche Möglichkeiten durch karpale Teilarthrodesen die
Schmerzen zu nehmen, das Handgelenk zu stabilisieren und eine Restbeweglichkeit
zu erhalten. Für instabile und destruierte Fingergrundgelenke ist der
Swanson-Spacer weiterhin der Goldstandard. Für die Fingermittelgelenke
steht mittlerweile seit mehreren Jahren ein Oberflächenersatz zur
Verfügung, welcher eine gute Osteointegration zeigt und damit die
stielgeführten Prothesen, die in der Regel nicht einheilen oder
gehäuft zu periprothetischen Frakturen führen, abgelöst
hat. Die Operation sollte an der entzündlich-rheumatisch
veränderten Hand streng aber dennoch konsequent und ohne zeitliche
Verzögerung gestellt werden, um so viele Gelenke wie möglich zu
erhalten. Da viele Destruktionen und Fehlstellungen
entzündlich-rheumatischer Genese radiologisch posttraumatischen und
degenerativen Veränderungen ähneln, aber dennoch
unterschiedlicher chirurgischer Therapie bedürfen, sollten diese dem
orthopädischen Rheumatologen zugeführt werden, um das
bestmögliche Ergebnis zu erzielen und Folgeoperation möglichst
zu vermeiden.
The Influence of Hyperglycemia on Liver Triglyceride Deposition in
Partially Pancreatectomized Rats
Authors: Bai Xiu-Ping , Li Ting-Ting , Guo Lai-Li , Wang Jing , Dong Feng
Published: November 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes always coexist. The relationship of
fatty liver and hyperglycemia is not clear. We studied the influence of
hyperglycemia on triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the liver and explored its
possible mechanisms. SD rats were divided into three groups: Group A (sham
operation control), Group B (partially pancreatectomized rats), and Group C
(partially pancreatectomized rats treated with insulin). At 4 weeks after
surgery, pancreatic weights and liver TG contents were measured. Serum
biochemical parameters were determined, and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT)
were performed. The gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding
protein1c (SREBP-1c), carbohydrate regulatory element-binding protein (ChREBP),
fatty acid synthase(FAS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), and
fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was determined by real-time PCR. Compared
with Group A, postprandial glucose increased significantly; the concentrations
of insulin and C-peptides, pancreatic weights and serum FGF21 levels were
decreased, liver TG was increased significantly in Group B, and insulin
treatment improved these changes. Compared with Group A, the gene expressions of
FGF21, CPT-1 and FAS in the liver were decreased in Group B (all
p<0.05). Compared with Group B, the gene expressions of FGF21, FAS,
ChREBP, SREBP-1c and CPT-1 in the liver in Group C were all increased
significantly (p<0.05, respectively). Hyperglycemia induced by partial
pancreatectomy could lead to increased liver TG. Insulin treatment could
decrease glucose levels and improve fatty liver, and genes related to lipid
metabolism may play a role in this process.
Does Chronic Subjective Tinnitus Affect Cognitive Performance In Adults with Hearing Thresholds of 25 dB and Less Between 0.5-4 kHz
Authors: Deniz-Sakarya Merve , Çinar-Satekin Merve , Yaldız Zahide Ç.B. , Tokgoz-Yilmaz Suna
Published: November 2023

Background In literature, the cognitive performance results of normal hearing individuals with tinnitus are inconsistent. It also differs in the control of other factors that may affect cognition.

Purpose This study aimed to determine the differences in attention and memory performance between normal hearing individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus and age–sex–education-matched healthy controls.

Study Sample Normal hearing individuals with subjective chronic tinnitus between 18 and 55 years of age, who have normal cognitive abilities (tinnitus group, n = 30) and age–sex-matched normal hearing individuals without tinnitus who have normal cognitive abilities (control group, n = 30) were included in this study.

Data Collection The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test measured participants' general cognitive screening, and depressive symptoms were measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Tinnitus Handicap Inventory was used to determine the tinnitus handicap levels. Attention performance was evaluated with Stroop Test-TBAG Form, and short-term and working memory performances were evaluated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R)-Digit Span Test.

Results The tinnitus and control groups' depressive symptom scores were similar concerning the BDI (p = 0.90). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups according to the completion time of the five sections of the Stroop Test, the number of errors and corrections of the Stroop 5 test, and the (WAIS-R)-Digit Span Test scores (p > 0.05).

Conclusion In our study, the Stroop Test and Digit Span Test performances of individuals with tinnitus and normal hearing were similar to the control group. Despite previous studies claiming an effect of tinnitus on cognition, our contrary findings are discussed in the light of other demographic, audiological, and psychological measurement variables, especially hearing loss.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Academic Attributes of the Presidents of the North American Skull Base Society
Authors: Plute Tritan , Bin-Alamer Othman , Mallela Arka N. , Zenonos Georgios A. , Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Couldwell William T. , Snyderman Carl H. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam
Published: November 2023

Objectives Our objective was to elucidate the demographic, academic, and career attributes of North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) presidents and determine how leadership of this society has changed over time.

Design Thirty-one NASBS presidents have served between 1990 and 2021. Demographic and scholarly variables were recorded from publicly available sources. To determine how trends in NASBS presidents have changed over time, linear and logistic regressions were conducted on continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Setting Virtual setting was used for this study.

Participants There were no active participants in the study.

Main Outcome Measures Academic metrics of NASBS presidents were the main outcome measure.

Results NASBS presidents had a mean age of 53.3 ± 6.1 years at election and were all male. The most common institution at which former presidents trained (n = 4) and practiced (n = 3) was the University of Pittsburgh. Otolaryngologists comprised 41.9% (n = 13) of the cohort, neurosurgeons made up 38.8% (n = 12), and the remaining 19.3% (n = 6) were from other specialties. NASBS presidents from neurosurgery (p = 0.033) and other specialties (p = 0.014) were more likely to hold the rank of chair compared with those from otolaryngology. Over time, there has been a linear increase in years of research experience at the time of election (p = 0.048). There remains a lack of diversity of gender and race.

Conclusion NASBS presidents have demonstrated increased research activity over time, favoring long-term academic careers. Knowledge of these trends and attributes, which demonstrate an increase in skull base literature, growth of the NASBS, and a need for increased diversity in the field, is important for stewarding the future of the NASBS and promoting equity.
Consecutive Ireland–Claisen Enyne-Metathesis Strategy Enables Rapid Assembly of Cyclic Imine Core Cyclohexene Motif
Authors: Lee Hye Joon , Gladfelder Joshua , Zakarian Armen , Kandiyal Priya
Published: November 2023

An efficient strategy for rapid assembly of the complex substituted cyclohexene core that is present in several cyclic imine marine toxins is presented. Several of these toxins, including pinnatoxin A and recently discovered portimine A, have been the focus of much attention due to their fascinating biological activities. We demonstrate that the substituted cyclohexene-diene motif, which is a challenging feature to access synthetically, can be prepared through a stepwise Ireland–Claisen rearrangement/enyne metathesis procedure beginning from chiral esters. This approach enables a divergent strategy that can be implemented in syntheses of cyclic imines or derivatives thereof.
Gender Differences in Quality-of-Life Outcome in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Tumlin Parker , Al-Asadi Zayd , Turner Meghan , Ramadan Hassan H. , Makary Chadi A.
Published: November 2023

Background Prior studies showed that female patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) suffer a worse disease-specific quality of life (QoL).

Goal The aim of this study is to investigate gender differences in sinonasal QoL outcomes in patients requiring endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries (EESBS).

Methods Cross-sectional analysis of patients presenting to our clinic from August 2020 to December 2022 with skull base tumors, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, or Grave's orbitopathy (for orbital decompression) was performed. Baseline and postsurgical QoL were measured using the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Patients' demographics and comorbidities were reviewed. Patients with concomitant CRS were excluded.

Results Eighty-six patients were included (54 with skull base tumors, 17 Grave's orbitopathy, and 15 spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea). The mean age of the patients was 52 years (range: 12.4–81.5 years), and 51.6% of the patients were females. There was no age difference between female and male patients. Smoking history, asthma, and allergic rhinitis were also similar between the two groups. Female patients had a significantly higher incidence of depression (58.3 vs. 32.4%, p = 0.018) and migraine (50.0 vs. 21.6%, p = 0.007). Female patients had a significantly worse overall SNOT-22 scores at baseline (33.6 vs. 18.2, p = 0.001), at the 3-month follow-up (29.7 vs. 15.5, p = 0.002), and at the 6-month follow-up (33.5 vs. 14.9, p = 0.005). This worse QoL was seen mainly in the ear/facial, sleep, and psychological domains. Linear regression of the SNOT-22 scores and its subdomains adjusting for comorbidities showed that migraine was found to be the most significant determinant of gender differences in the QoL.

Conclusion Female patients who undergo EESBS show higher overall SNOT-22 scores secondary to higher incidence of migraine.
PhI(OAc)2-Promoted Regioselective Cycloaddition of N-Aminopyridinium Ylides with Electron-Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Wang Junlei , Chen Guiling , Shi Chengcheng , Li Hongqing , Huang Binbin , Xie Qinglin , Gao Guocheng , Li Yanan , Du Haijun , Cai Xiaohua
Published: November 2023

Herein, we report a regioselective cycloaddition strategy of N-aminopyridinium ylides with electron-deficient alkenes, in the presence of a hypervalent iodine reagent, PhI(OAc)2. A variety of multifunctionalized pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine architectures were smoothly afforded by the reactions of pyridine-, quinoline-, and isoquinoline-based N-ylides with diverse alkenes with or without a halogen atom adjacent to the electron-withdrawing group (EWG) under facile conditions.
Artificial Intelligence in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Espinosa Reyes Jorge Alberto , Puerta Romero Mauricio , Cobo Roxana , Heredia Nicolas , Solís Ruiz Luis Alberto , Corredor Zuluaga Diego Andres
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology that is evolving rapidly and is changing the world and medicine as we know it. After reviewing the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews, there is no article related to this topic in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. The objective of this article was to review the literature regarding AI applications in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery.

A systematic review of the literature about AI in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery using the following keywords: Artificial Intelligence, robotics, plastic surgery procedures, and surgery plastic and the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, BVS, and LILACS. The inclusion criteria were articles about AI in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Articles written in a language other than English and Spanish were excluded. In total, 17 articles about AI in facial plastic met the inclusion criteria; after eliminating the duplicated papers and applying the exclusion criteria, these articles were reviewed thoroughly. The leading type of AI used in these articles was computer vision, explicitly using models of convolutional neural networks to objectively compare the preoperative with the postoperative state in multiple interventions such as facial lifting and facial transgender surgery.

In conclusion, AI is a rapidly evolving technology, and it could significantly impact the treatment of patients in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Legislation and regulations are developing slower than this technology. It is imperative to learn about this topic as soon as possible and that all stakeholders proactively promote discussions about ethical and regulatory dilemmas.