bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arabis columnalis, a new synonym of Turritis glabra L. (Brassicaceae), and lectotypification
Authors: SON DONG CHAN , CHANG KAE SUN , CHOI KYUNG , JI SEONG-JIN , KIM YOON-YOUNG
Published: August 2018

Arabis columnalis Nakai (1914: 271) was described by Nakai (1914) as endemic to Korea, based on a single gathering (T. Nakai 401) collected in Jirisan (Mt.) in South Korea (Fig. 1). In the protologue, Nakai (1914) mentioned that A. columnalis is different from A. perfoliata Lamarck (1783: 219) in having perennial roots of cylindrical shape. The latter binominal is a superfluous illegitimate name for Turritis glabra Linnaeus (1753: 666) (ICN Art. 11.3; McNeill et al. 2012) and hence is necessarily conspecific with T. glabra (Zhou et al. 2001, Warwick et al. 2006, Chang et al. 2014).
Nomenclatural corrections in Aizoon subg. Namibiana (Aizooideae: Aizoaceae)
Authors: KLAK CORNELIA , BRUYNS PETER V.
Published: August 2018

The recent study by Klak et al. (2017) showed that the species of the genera Galenia Linnaeus (1753: 359), and Plinthus Fenzl (1839: 51) should be referred to Aizoon Linnaeus (1753: 488) (Aizooideae Spreng. ex Arn., Aizoaceae Martinov). In its new circumscription, Aizoon is recognized by capsules with reduced expanding tissue, and leaves and/or stems covered by silvery hairs or hair-like to rounded papillae (see Klak et al., 2017).
Multidecadal Trends in Thickness Temperature, Surface Temperature, and 700-hPa Temperature in the Mount Fuji Region, Japan, 1965–2016
Authors: Tsutsumi Yukitomo
Published: August 2018

In studies of global warming, increases in tropospheric temperature as well as increases in surface temperature have attracted attention. Simulations of trends in these two temperatures appear to differ from trends in observations by surface sites, radiosondes, and satellites. Moreover, observation errors such as uncertainties in measurement precision and calibration, environmental changes, and the reorganization of network sites hamper the ability to quantify these influences on temperature trends. This paper presents multidecadal (1965–2016) trends in lower-tropospheric temperature for south-central Japan derived from thickness temperature, a measurement based on pressure data from exactly known altitudes at the summit of Mount Fuji (3776 m) and surrounding meteorological sites. The resulting trend is compared with the trends in surface temperature and in the temperature at 700 hPa measured by radiosonde. Although surface temperature increased faster than tropospheric (thickness) temperature in the study area for the 1965–2016 period, tropospheric temperature increased faster than surface temperature after 1985. Additionally, it is found that radiosonde data are not appropriate for determining the temperature trend at constant altitudes because atmospheric warming raises the altitude of the pressure levels.
Response to Lynch: Fuller Transformed—Back to the USSR
Authors: Remedios Francis , Dusek Val
Published: August 2018

Remedios’s and Dusek’s response to Lynch’s review is that Lynch misreads Fuller on knowledge and misdirects his criticism of Fuller’s turn to agency.
Sliding mode learning control of uncertain nonlinear systems with Lyapunov stability analysis
Authors: Kayacan Erkan
Published: August 2018

This paper addresses the Sliding Mode Learning Control (SMLC) of uncertain nonlinear systems with Lyapunov stability analysis. In the control scheme, a conventional control term is used to provide the system stability in compact space while a type-2 neuro-fuzzy controller (T2NFC) learns system behaviour so that the T2NFC completely takes over overall control of the system in a very short time period. The stability of the sliding mode learning algorithm has been proven in the literature; however, it is restrictive for systems without overall system stability. To address this shortcoming, a novel control structure with a novel sliding surface is proposed in this paper, and the stability of the overall system is proven for nth-order uncertain nonlinear systems. To investigate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed learning and control algorithms, the simulation studies have been carried out under noisy conditions. The simulation results confirm that the developed SMLC algorithm can learn the system behaviour in the absence of any mathematical model knowledge and exhibit robust control performance against external disturbances.
Design and Construction of the World’s First Full-Scale Electrically Conductive Concrete Heated Airport Pavement System at a U.S. Airport
Authors: Abdualla Hesham , Ceylan Halil , Kim Sunghwan , Mina Mani , Cetin Kristen S. , Taylor Peter C. , Gopalakrishnan Kasthurirangan , Cetin Bora , Yang Shuo , Vidyadharan Akash
Published: August 2018

Airport agencies spend millions of dollars to remove ice and snow from airport pavement surfaces to achieve accessible, safe, and sustainable operations during the winter. Electrically conductive concrete (ECON) based heated pavement system (HPS) has gained attention as a promising alternative technology for preventing snow and ice accumulation by maintaining pavement surface temperatures above the freezing point. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the world’s first full-scale ECON-based HPS at a U.S. airport. Two ECON slabs were designed and constructed in the General Aviation (GA) apron at the Des Moines International Airport (DSM), Iowa in 2016. Systematic design components were identified, and construction procedures were developed and implemented for ECON-based HPS. Using collected sensor data, the performance of the constructed and remotely-operated ECON slabs was evaluated under real weather conditions at DSM in the 2016–2017 winter season. The results demonstrate that ECON-based HPS have promising deicing and anti-icing capacities, promising to provide uniform heat distribution and prevent snow and ice accumulations on the entire area of application under various winter weather conditions, including extreme cold weather (i.e., arctic blasts).
Strengthening Nutrition-Specific Policies for Adolescents in Indonesia: A Qualitative Policy Analysis
Authors: Soekarjo Damayanti D. , Roshita Airin , Thow Anne-Marie , Li Mu , Rah Jee Hyun
Published: August 2018

Background:

There is a growing recognition of the importance of adolescent health and well-being. Yet, little attention has been paid to adolescent nutrition, and few policies and programs are targeting to improve adolescent nutrition in Indonesia.

Objective:

This analysis aimed to identify (1) the extent to which adolescents are considered in nutrition policy in Indonesia and (2) opportunities to improve nutrition policy content to effectively target adolescents.

Methods:

We collected data on policy content through a desk review of national and subnational level nutrition-specific strategic plans, laws, regulations, and program guidelines. We then conducted 74 key informant interviews with policy makers and program experts in health, education, and related sectors using semistructured interview guides based on policy theory to examine policy context and implementation. The policy content and interview data were analyzed using thematic synthesis and narrative analysis.

Results:

Currently, 2 nutrition-specific policies and programs are designed to improve adolescent nutrition in Indonesia, one focusing on iron–folic acid supplementation for adolescent girls and another on obesity prevention and management in schools. These programs are yet to be implemented at scale. Overall, adolescent nutrition is not yet considered a priority in the national development agenda. An opportunity exists to improve action on adolescent nutrition in Indonesia through scaling up of district-level policies and through improving coordination mechanisms across sectors.

Conclusions:

Few policies and programs exist to support adolescent nutrition in Indonesia. Coordinated efforts across relevant sectors and levels of government should be made to mainstream adolescent nutrition into relevant policies.
A Brief Computer-Based Sexual Assault Risk Reduction Program: A Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy Pilot Study
Authors: Newins Amie R. , White Susan W.
Published: August 2018

Sexual victimization among college women is a common problem, necessitating the development of risk reduction programs that are both effective and acceptable to this population. Computer-based programs may be a cost- and time-effective option. This pilot study sought to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a computer-based risk reduction program. A total of 136 collegiate women were randomly assigned to receive either a computer-based risk reduction program or an educational program about campus resources (active control condition). Measures included predicted use of resistance techniques, risk detection, and acceptability of the program. No participants dropped out of the study, and acceptability ratings were generally high. Women reported learning new material from the program, preferring the computer-based program to large-group programs, and believing that other undergraduate women would benefit from the program. Furthermore, women reported they did not experience significant emotional disturbance due to the material. In addition, postintervention, the risk reduction program group had significantly better risk detection compared with the control group. The control group evidenced a reduction in predicted use of assertive resistance between pre- and postintervention assessments, while the risk reduction program group did not. Given preliminary support for the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a brief, computerized risk reduction program, further research on computerized, online risk reduction programs, such as the one in this study, appears warranted.
Special Education Teachers’ Perceptions of Students’ With Disabilities Ability, Instructional Needs, and Difficulties Using Visual Representations to Solve Mathematics Problems
Authors: van Garderen Delinda , Scheuermann Amy , Poch Apryl L.
Published: August 2018

In this article, we present findings that examined special education teachers’ perception of students’ with disabilities ability, instructional needs, and difficulties for using visual representations (VRs) as a strategy to solve mathematics problems. In addition, whether these perceptions differed by instructional grade or setting currently teaching was examined. Survey data from 97 in-service teachers revealed, regardless of instructional setting or grade level taught, that they believe students with disabilities have the ability to learn about and use VRs and need to be taught to use VRs. Furthermore, the special education teachers perceived students with disabilities to have difficulty with all aspects related to using VRs in mathematical problem-solving. Implications for teacher training and development are provided.
Nonlinear adaptive power tracking control of variable-speed wind turbines
Authors: Gámez Manuel , Peñaloza Ollin
Published: August 2018

Various power control strategies in variable-speed wind turbines assume that the whole system parameters are known and accurate wind speed measurements are available, which is not necessarily satisfied in practice. In this article, two nonlinear adaptive control strategies, which are independent on the knowledge of the system parameters and the wind speed measurements, are proposed for power regulation and tracking, in variable-speed wind turbines. One of these strategies does not even require the rotor acceleration, differently from other works. Both control strategies are formally proven by the Lyapunov method. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers is illustrated using the FAST wind turbine simulator under a turbulent wind profile.
Incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 3-year follow-up cohort
Authors: Monção C S A , Martins L N , Penteado M P S , Reis R C P , Santos F M M , Lanna C C D , Ribeiro A L , Telles R W
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the incidence and variability of traditional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in a cohort of lupus patients and to investigate if prednisone use predicts an increase in the number of risk factors.

Methods

A total of 151 women, 37.8 ± 11.1 (mean ± SD) years old at baseline, were reevaluated after a median period of 39 (interquartile range 36.5–42.0) months. The cumulative incidence of traditional risk factors, the incidence rate (with 95% confidence interval) of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and the frequency of the risk factors’ disappearance were calculated. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Framingham risk score (FRS) were computed. Logistic regression was used to investigate if maximum or cumulative prednisone dose used during follow-up predicted an increase in the cardiometabolic risk factors’ number.

Results

The cumulative incidence of risk factors varied from 39.1% (abdominal obesity) to zero (smoking), and the incidence rate varied from 133.2 (87.8–178.6) per 1000 person-years (dyslipidemia) to 10.4 (1.3–19.5) per 1000 person-years (diabetes). The cumulative incidence for MetS was 18.8%, and 11.7% of 143 patients with low FRS at baseline (T1) were classified in the high-risk category at the end of the study (T2). Dyslipidemia was the most variable risk factor, with 43.5% disappearance at T2. The maximum prednisone dose used during follow-up was borderline ( p = 0.050) for prediction of an increase in the number of cardiometabolic risk factors in an adjusted model for antimalarial use, modified Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and age.

Conclusion

The authors described high incidence and variability of CAD risk factors in female lupus patients, with higher prednisone dose being borderline for an increase in the number of cardiometabolic risk factors.
Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of twice-daily famciclovir administration on infectious upper respiratory disease in shelter-housed cats
Authors: Cooper Ann E , Thomasy Sara M , Drazenovich Tracy L , Kass Philip H , Potnis Sanskruti S , Leutenegger Christian M , Maggs David J
Published: August 2018

Objectives

In humans with herpetic disease, early or pre-emptive famciclovir therapy reduces disease duration and severity. This prospective, masked, placebo-controlled study tested therapeutic and prophylactic effects of two famciclovir doses given to cats for 7 days following shelter entry.

Methods

Cats were assigned to prophylactic or therapeutic study arms based on clinical evidence of herpetic disease at study entry. Cats in the therapeutic arm received no treatment (n = 19), placebo (lactose; n = 18) or famciclovir at ~30 (n = 21) or ~90 mg/kg (n = 20) PO q12h for 7 days. Cats in the prophylactic arm received no treatment (n = 25) or famciclovir at ~30 (n = 28) or ~90 mg/kg (n = 27) PO q12h for 7 days. Disease scores, body weight, conjunctival feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) shedding, and adoption rates were recorded on days 1 (admission), 8 (end of therapy) and 15 (1 week after cessation of therapy).

Results

No significant differences in clinical scores were observed among groups in the prophylactic or therapeutic arms at any of the three time points. However, within the therapeutic arm, viral shedding on day 8 was significantly higher in cats receiving no treatment than in those receiving ~30 or ~90 mg/kg famciclovir, and this effect persisted 1 week after famciclovir was stopped (day 15) only in cats receiving ~30 mg/kg, although this approached significance in cats receiving ~90 mg/kg. No significant differences in adoption rates were detected among groups in either arm throughout the study.

Conclusions and relevance

Although we did not demonstrate a statistically or clinically significant effect of famciclovir administration upon clinical signs of infectious upper respiratory disease or adoption, when it was administered at ~30 or ~90 mg/kg q12h for 1 week famciclovir reduced conjunctival FHV-1 shedding. This suggests a potential role in interrupting the infectious cycle within a shelter population; however, cost in time and resources, and stress and pathogen transmission induced by oral administration should be considered.
Modulation of Innate Defensive Responses by Locus Coeruleus-Superior Colliculus Circuit
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Liping
Published: August 2018

Among key survival circuits, defensive response circuits are one of the most intensively studied. A consensus is emerging that multiple, independent circuitries are involved in different conditioned and unconditioned defensive responses. Investigating these well-conserved defensive responses would help us to decipher the basic working mechanism of the brain at a circuitry level and thus shed light on new diagnoses and treatments for neural diseases and disorders. We showed that the visually evoked innate defensive response was modulated by a locus coeruleus-superior colliculus (LC-SC) projection. Our work demonstrates that as conserved and instinctive as the survival circuits are, they are flexible and subject to fine-tuned modulation by experience or internal states of the animals. Here, we provide more data to further discuss the possible downstream mechanisms of the LC-SC pathway for this important modulation of the defensive response, the wide range of flight latency between individual flight responses, and the interpretations of our data with additional statistical analysis.
Legitimate bilingual competence in the making: Bilingual performance and investment of Korean-English bilinguals
Authors: Choi Lee Jin
Published: August 2018

Because global migration and mobility have increasingly blurred boundaries, questions of authenticity have become more complex than ever, and the issue of what constitutes “real” versus “fake” language practices and language users has become increasingly important. The newly emerging images of imposters associated with bilingualism and transnationalism have put bilingual and multilingual language users in a fragile position, where bilingual displays can summon the damaging image of inauthentic bilingualism and frame them as imposters who try to articulate their alleged modernity by mimicking other “reals.” Focusing on the issue of authenticity, this ethnographic study explores how Korean-English bilinguals navigate and respond to the newly emerging images of imposters associated with bilingualism and transnationalism. In particular, I examine the case of 20 South Korean graduate students in the USA who have both advanced English language proficiency and native Korean language proficiency. Because they are in a relatively advantageous position in being able to flexibly use both the Korean and English languages and to employ a variety of linguistic resources, their bilingual practices and performance provide an excellent example of the ways in which bilingual language users locate their social positioning through the selective production of ideological representations or language registers associated with images of inauthentic bilingualism. The findings highlight the agentive role of bilingual and multilingual language users in participating in the reconfiguration of what counts as legitimate bilingual competence and performance, and in making a very calculative investment in distancing themselves from particular types of language registers, language competences, and models of personhoods associated with inauthentic Korean-English bilinguals. These findings present a challenge to traditional research in the fields of second language studies, and applied linguistics, and urges researchers to look at the actual language practice of bilingual users who actively participate in the process of developing sense-making discourses.
“Expensive” people: Consumer citizenship and the limits of choice in neoliberal publics
Authors: Gent Whitney
Published: August 2018

In a context of neoliberalism, decisions made for a “public” good are often articulated as what makes the most financial sense, and citizenship is exercised as a matter of consumer choice. Neoliberal theory positions choice as an unmitigated good, and as universally available when markets are deregulated and goods and services are privatized. Examining rhetorics of choice, however, illuminates the often-invisible power relations that shape choice, and makes visible the ways in which choice is conditioned by inequality. This essay attends to the cost–benefit analysis used to promote the spread of Housing First, an approach to addressing chronic homelessness in the United States. It argues that a neoliberal discourse of choice reconfigures possibilities for rhetorical citizenship by constructing “good” and “bad” consumer citizen subjectivities, constraining agency for “expensive” people while concentrating responsibility for public decision-making among “taxpayers.” These discourses thus limit membership to neoliberal publics to people with access to private resources.
Identification and characterization of mushroom body neurons that regulate fat storage in Drosophila
Authors: Al-Anzi Bader , Zinn Kai
Published: August 2018

Background

In an earlier study, we identified two neuronal populations, c673a and Fru-GAL4, that regulate fat storage in fruit flies. Both populations partially overlap with a structure in the insect brain known as the mushroom body (MB), which plays a critical role in memory formation. This overlap prompted us to examine whether the MB is also involved in fat storage homeostasis.

Methods

Using a variety of transgenic agents, we selectively manipulated the neural activity of different portions of the MB and associated neurons to decipher their roles in fat storage regulation.

Results

Our data show that silencing of MB neurons that project into the α’β’ lobes decreases de novo fatty acid synthesis and causes leanness, while sustained hyperactivation of the same neurons causes overfeeding and produces obesity. The α’β’ neurons oppose and dominate the fat regulating functions of the c673a and Fru-GAL4 neurons. We also show that MB neurons that project into the γ lobe also regulate fat storage, probably because they are a subset of the Fru neurons. We were able to identify input and output neurons whose activity affects fat storage, feeding, and metabolism. The activity of cholinergic output neurons that innervating the β’2 compartment (MBON-β’2mp and MBON-γ5β’2a) regulates food consumption, while glutamatergic output neurons innervating α’ compartments (MBON-γ2α’1 and MBON-α’2) control fat metabolism.

Conclusions

We identified a new fat storage regulating center, the α’β’ lobes of the MB. We also delineated the neuronal circuits involved in the actions of the α’β’ lobes, and showed that food intake and fat metabolism are controlled by separate sets of postsynaptic neurons that are segregated into different output pathways.
Germs of thrones - spontaneous decolonization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) in Western Europe: is this myth or reality?
Authors: Davido Benjamin , Moussiegt Aurore , Dinh Aurélien , Bouchand Frédérique , Matt Morgan , Senard Olivia , Deconinck Laurene , Espinasse Florence , Lawrence Christine , Fortineau Nicolas , Saleh-Mghir Azzam , Caballero Silvia , Escaut Lelia , Salomon Jérome
Published: August 2018

Background

In France, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) are considered as Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) bacteria. Their management requires reinforcement of hospital’s hygiene policies, and currently there is few consistent data concerning the spontaneous decolonization in XDR colonized patients. Our aim is to study the natural history of decolonization of XDR carriers over time in a hospital setting in a low prevalence country.

Material and methods

Retrospective multicenter study over 2 years (2015–2016) in 2 different tertiary care hospital sites and units having an agreement for permanent cohorting of such XDR carriers. We gathered the type of microorganisms, risk factors for colonization and rectal swabs from patient’s follow-up. We also evaluated patient care considering isolation precautions.

Results

We included 125 patients, aged 63+/−19y, including 72.8% of CRE (n = 91), 24.8% of VRE (n = 31) and 2.4% (n = 3) co-colonized with CRE and VRE. CRE were mainly E. coli (n = 54), K. pneumoniae (n = 51) and E. cloacae (n = 6). Mechanisms of resistance were mainly OXA-48 (n = 69), NDM-1 (n = 11), OXA-232 (n = 8) and KPC (n = 3).

Prior antibiotic therapy was reported in 38.4% (n = 48) of cases. Conversely, 17.6% (n = 22) received antibiotics during follow-up.

Spontaneous decolonization occurred within the first 30 days in 16.4% (n = 19/116) of cases and up to 48.2% after day-90 with a median follow-up of 96 days (0–974).

We estimated that XDR carriage was associated with a larger care burden in 13.6% (n = 17) of cases, especially due to a prolongation of hospitalization of 32.5 days (15–300).

Conclusions

Our study shows that spontaneous decolonization is increasing over time (up to 48.2%). We can regret that only few patients underwent screening after 1 year, emphasizing the need for more monitoring and prospective studies.
Deprescribing antipsychotics: a guide for clinicians
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Cahill John Daniel , Miller Rebecca
Published: August 2018

Polypharmacy and the risks of long term use of antipsychotic medications point toward the need for identifying practices for deprescribing in psychiatry. The following article gives a brief overview of key points around deprescribing antipsychotic medications in psychiatry, including identifying risks and benefits, considerations around timing, and steps involved.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•

Be able to define the concept of deprescribing as it relates to antipsychotic medications

•

Know how to perform a risk–benefit analysis for a patient on antipsychotic medication

•

Be able to identify the key steps involved in deprescribing antipsychotic medications

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
Fragility Functions for RC Shear Wall Buildings in Australia
Authors: Hoult Ryan , Goldsworthy Helen , Lumantarna Elisa
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the development of analytical fragility functions for reinforced concrete shear wall buildings in Australia. A building stock for the city of Melbourne is used in conducting an assessment of these types of structures. The assessment uses the best information available for selecting the building parameters applicable to the low-to-moderate seismic region, site soil class, expected earthquake ground motions, and site response. The capacity spectrum method is used to derive vulnerability functions for low-, mid-, and high-rise reinforced concrete shear wall buildings. Although there is a paucity of earthquake damage data available in Australia, some comparisons are made using the results from the fragility functions derived here to the damage data from the Newcastle earthquake in 1989.
Effects of organism and substrate size on burial mechanics of English sole,Parophrys vetulus
Authors: Corn Katherine A. , Farina Stacy C. , Summers Adam P. , Gibb Alice C.
Published: August 2018

Flatfishes use cyclic body undulations to force water into the sediment and fluidize substrate particles, displacing them into the water column. When water velocity decreases, suspended particles settle back onto the fish, hiding it from view. Burial may become more challenging as flatfishes grow because the area to be covered increases exponentially with the second power of length. In addition, particle size is not uniform in naturally occurring substrates, and larger particles require higher water velocities for fluidization. We quantified the effects of organism and particle-size scaling on burial behavior of English Sole, Parophrys vetulus. We recorded burial events from a size range of individuals (5-32 cm TL), while maintaining constant substrate grain-size. Larger fish used lower cycle frequencies and took longer to bury, but overall burial performance was maintained (∼100% coverage). To test the effect of particle size on burial performance, individuals of similar lengths (5.7-8.1 cm TL) were presented with different substrate sizes (0.125–0.710 mm). Particle size did not affect cycle frequency or time to burial, but fish did not achieve 100% coverage with the largest particles because they could not fluidize this substrate. Taken together, these results suggest that both body size and substrate grain size can potentially limit the ability of flatfishes to bury: a very large fish (>150 cm) may move too slowly to fluidize all but the smallest substrate particles and some particles are simply too large for smaller individuals to fluidize.
Establishing sharp and homogeneous segments in the hindbrain
Authors: Wilkinson David G.
Published: August 2018

Studies of the vertebrate hindbrain have revealed parallel mechanisms that establish sharp segments with a distinct and homogeneous regional identity. Recent work has revealed roles of cell identity regulation and its relationships with cell segregation. At early stages, there is overlapping expression at segment borders of the Egr2 and Hoxb1 transcription factors that specify distinct identities, which is resolved by reciprocal repression. Computer simulations show that this dynamic regulation of cell identity synergises with cell segregation to generate sharp borders. Some intermingling between segments occurs at early stages, and ectopic egr2-expressing cells switch identity to match their new neighbours. This switching is mediated by coupling between egr2 expression and the level of retinoic acid signalling, which acts in a community effect to maintain homogeneous segmental identity. These findings reveal an interplay between cell segregation and the dynamic regulation of cell identity in the formation of sharp patterns in the hindbrain and raise the question of whether similar mechanisms occur in other tissues.
Is there a common alpha-efficiency in polymineral samples measured by various infrared stimulated luminescence protocols?
Authors: Schmidt Christoph , Bösken Janina , Kolb Thomas
Published: August 2018

Dating of polymineral silt-sized samples by use of post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) protocols at elevated temperature has recently gained attraction due to assumed lower rates of anomalous fading. The α-efficiency (or a-value) associated with the pIRIR signals as an integral part of age calculation has, however, not yet been sufficiently constrained. Here we present a set of 65 a-values determined for 47 samples collected across Europe with two different IRSL protocols in two laboratories. By testing the basic preconditions for application of the single-aliquot regeneration (SAR) procedure to constrain a-values and by comparing SAR results to a-values obtained by multiple-aliquot protocols, we demonstrate that SAR-derived a-values are reliable for the majority of samples. While aliquot size and signal resetting mode prior to α-regeneration do not appear to affect the resulting a-value, we detected significant differences in mean a-values measured in the two laboratories. For the pIRIR290 signal, a-values average to 0.085 ± 0.010 (Bayreuth) and 0.101 ± 0.014 (Cologne), while a modified SAR protocol yields 0.081 ± 0.008 (Bayreuth). Whereas provenance-specific differences in a-values might be masked by overall scatter, systematic offsets between laboratories are attributed to technical issues such as heater and source calibration. Based on the present data set, use of the same routine dating equipment is strongly advised for both dose and a-value measurements.
Early Targeting of L-Selectin on Leukocytes Promotes Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury, Implicating Novel Mechanisms of Pathogenesis
Authors: McCreedy D. A. , Lee S. , Sontag C. J. , Weinstein P. , Olivas A. D. , Martinez A. F. , Fandel T. M. , Trivedi A. , Lowell C. A. , Rosen S. D. , Noble-Haeusslein L. J.
Published: August 2018

L-selectin, a lectin-like receptor on all leukocyte classes, functions in adhesive and signaling roles in the recruitment of myeloid cells from the blood to sites of inflammation. Here, we consider L-selectin as a determinant of neurological recovery in a murine model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal cord-injured, L-selectin knock-out (KO) mice (male) showed improved long-term recovery with greater white matter sparing relative to wild-type (WT) mice and reduced oxidative stress in the injured cord at 72 h post-SCI. There was a partial and transient reduction in accumulation of neutrophils in the injured spinal cords of KOs at 24 h post-injury. To complement these findings with KO mice, we sought a pharmacologic means for lowering L-selectin levels. We found that diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), induced the shedding of L-selectin from the cell surface of myeloid subsets, specifically neutrophils and non-classical monocytes, in the blood and the injured spinal cord. Diclofenac administration to injured WT mice enhanced neurological recovery to a level comparable to that of KOs but did not improve recovery in KOs. While diclofenac treatment had no effect on myeloid cell accumulation, there was a reduction in oxidative stress at 72 h post-SCI. These findings implicate L-selectin in secondary pathogenesis beyond a role in leukocyte recruitment and raise the possibility of repurposing diclofenac for the treatment of SCI.
Forecast landslide activity in the zones of technogenic geochemical anomalies of urban areas based on remote sensing data
Authors: Mokritskaya T. P. , Dovganenko D. A.
Published: August 2018

The analysis and forecast of landslide activity on the territories of cities is an actual task. Remote sensing methods are successfully used to solve a whole range of tasks: from classification to modeling. The possibilities of interpreting data are expanding. The processing involves standard methods of statistical research, methods of theories of fuzzy sets, pattern recognition, and others. This paper describes the experience of involving the method of grouping arguments into a prediction model. Firstly, an irregular time series of values of reflection coefficient on areas of active development of the landslide process is investigated. According to the results of the prognosis, it is proved that in the nearest future changes in solar activity (11 - year cycle) will not lead to activation of the process. Secondly, the forecast of the activation of the landslide process under the influence of man-made factors was fulfilled. The connection between the content of readily soluble salts in the pores of forest soils of the aeration zone and the values of the coefficient of reflection and. The model extends the possibilities of using the method of group consideration of arguments for mapping zones of landslide activity in sections of man-made geochemical anomalies. The analysis of the model shows that the connection is. In the future it is possible to determine certain values of salt content and values of reflection coefficients, which will be indicators of the probability of activating the landslide process in other conditions.
Ecological-hydrogeological history of the development of the coal industry in the Western Donbas under the influence of a complex of technogenic factors
Authors: Yevgrashkina G. P. , Marchenko V. K. , Tkachenko I. O. , Korol O. I. , Masenko A. V.
Published: August 2018

The Western Donbas is a mining-manufacturing region of Ukraine with a potential for increasing coal extraction in the following years. The operation of mines is followed by intense water drainage of highly mineralized ground water which accumulates in tailing ponds, which were built in the ravines without barriers screening the water-containing rocks. The problem of rational usage and protection from contamination and exhaustion of all types of water sources available for practical usage is relevant for the studied region, and all around the world. The development of a fundamental scientific solution to this problem was started in 1986, when a constantly operating mathematical model (COMM) of the changes in hydrogeological conditions of the Western Donbas was developed. The authors were the Pavlohrad Geological-Survey Expedition (PGSE), the Dnipropetrovsk Affiliate of the Institute of Mineral Resources (DAIMR) and the Department of Geology and Hydrogeology of O. Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University. It is a regional, multi-functional, constantly improved hydrogeological project limited in space but without a time limit. The COMM of the Western Donbas, along with the most obvious advantages, has one disadvantage. In spite of its small scale (1:100000) , it provides only a general characteristic of technogenic changes in the ground water regime of the territory and cannot constitute a single scientific basis for developing nature-protection hydrogeologic measures. Therefore,it has been supplemented with mathematical models of the territories adjacent to the local objects of technogenic impact on the ground water. This includes tailing ponds, tailing dams, mining dumps and mine drainage. The first three types of technogenic objects have already been sufficiently studied and described in scientific publications (Eugrashkina , 2011 ; Eugrashkina , 2012; Eugrashkina , 2013; Eugrashkina, 2013). This paper focuses on the mathematical models, changes in hydrogeological conditions under the impact of the fourth factor mine drainage. The first three factors contaminate ground water, the fourth causes decreases in the operational reserves as a result of flow of the fresh water from the upper horizons to the productive dried-out layer.
Екологічні ризики розвитку туризму на прикладі Донбасу
Authors: Zavarika G. M.
Published: August 2018

Проаналізовано екологічні ризики розвитку туризму на прикладі Донбасу в умовах конфліктного періоду, що вкрай актуально для України. Методикадослідження полягає у поєднанні емпіричних (спостереження, порівняння) та теоретичних (систематизація та класифікація) методів наукового пізнання. У процесі написання статті також застосовано історичний метод та узагальнення отриманих результатів. Особливе значення має аналіз впливу зовнішніх і внутрішніх чинників на екологічний стан. Надано характеристику впливу конфлікту на довкілля. Оцінено види можливих ризиків створення конкурентних умов розвитку туризму, а саме екологічних, для поліпшення інвестиційної привабливості регіону. Проаналізовано та визначено екологічні ризики конфлікту, які згруповано у дев’ять найменувань. Установлено, що для нормалізації екологічного стану регіону необхідно розробити значну кількість заходів задля збереження екосистем території. Узагальнено і доповнено особливості екологічного стану в період конфлікту та його впливу на туризм із точки зору суспільної географії. Доведено необхідність відновлення миру, розвитку системи екологічного моніторингу, в тому числі з використанням супутникових даних дистанційного зондування Землі та залученням впливових міжнародних партнерів із метою розвитку туризму.
HYDROGEN-OXYGEN STEAM GENERATOR FOR A CLOSED HYDROGEN COMBUSTION CYCLE
Authors: Aminov R. Z. , Egorov A. N.
Published: August 2018

The paper analyzes the problems of combustion hydrogen in an oxygen medium for produce high-temperature steam that can be used to produce electricity at various power plants. For example, at the nuclear power plants, the use of a H2-O2 steam generator as part of a hydrogen energy complex makes it possible to increase its power and efficiency in the operational mode due to steam-hydrogen overheating of the main working fluid of a steam-turbine plant. In addition, the use of the hydrogen energy complex makes it possible to adapt the nuclear power plants to variable electric load schedules in conditions of increasing the share of nuclear power plants and to develop environmentally friendly technologies for the production of electricity. The paper considers a new solution of the problem of effective and safe use of hydrogen energy at NPPs with a hydrogen energy complex.

Technical solutions for the combustion of hydrogen in the oxygen medium using direct injection of cooling water or steam in the combustion products have a significant drawback – the effect of “quenching” when injecting water or water vapor which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of recombination during cooling of combustion products that is expressed in an increase fraction of non-condensable gases. In this case, the supply of such a mixture to the steam cycle is unsafe, because this can lead to a dangerous increase in the concentration of unburned hydrogen in the flowing part of the steam turbine plant. In order to solve this problem, the authors have proposed a closed hydrogen cycle and a hydrogen vapor overheating system based on it, and carried out a study of a closed hydrogen combustion system which completely eliminates hydrogen from entering the working fluid of the steam cycle and ensures its complete oxidation due to some excess of circulating oxygen.

The paper considers two types of hydrogen-oxygen combustion chambers for the system of safe generating of superheated steam using hydrogen in nuclear power plant cycle by using a closed system for burning hydrogen in an oxygen medium. As a result of mathematical modeling of combustion processes and heat and mass transfer, we have determined the required parameters of a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator taking into account the temperature regime of its operation, and a power range of hydrogen-oxygen steam generators with the proposed combustion chamber design.
CHRONOLOGY AND CAUSE OF MASS MORTALITY EVENT ON FISH IN THE LOWER PART OF YAMAIMA RIVER, MIMIKA REGENCY, PAPUA
Authors: Husnah Husnah , Umar Chairulwan , Rais Aroef Hukmanan
Published: August 2018

Mass mortality events (MMEs) on fish tend to increase recently both for cultured and wild fish both in coastal and inland waters. The MMEs on wild fish are mostly unknown. Mass mortality events on wild fishes of Mimika estuary, Papua have been recorded since long time ago and limited information was provided due to its remote area. A rapid appraisal study of mass mortality event (MME) of wild fishes chronology and cause was conducted in Yamaima river to Tifuka Estuary, Papua Province a week after the MME in April 2016. Seven sampling sites were selected. Two activities were conducted during the field survey: interview with the local people to get information on the chronology of the MME and collecting primary data on aquatic environment quality and fish samples. The occurance of goldstripe sardine inYamaima river and Tifuka estuary were triggered by the present of strong El Nino with ONI value more than 0.5oC in the ocean and atmosphere above Equator Pasific. Water quality at MME site was similar with remaining schooling fish and Tifuka estuary sites. Concentration of heavy metals in the sediment tend to decreased along with the distance from the MME site. Mass mortality of goldstripe sardinella could relate to oxygen suffocation as a result of disorentation movement of the fish shoals inaccordance with low tide and new moon phase. The number of the death goldstripe sardinella was estimated 200,000 fish with the weight of 18 tons. To mitigate MMEs in the future, efforts should be done such as: routine early detection of El Nino pattern and its effect on salinity and water temperature raising by placing key water quality parameter buoy in the mouth river of Papua and to set net or stack of logs in the cape area of west tailing levee Yamaima river to prevent the entrapment of migrating small pelagic fish specialy in the closed water area.
TRANSFORMATION OF PERSON AND SOCIETY IN THE ANTHROPOTECHNICAL TURN: EDUCATIONAL ASPECT
Authors: Vashkevich V. N. , Dobrodum O. V.
Published: August 2018

Introduction. Anthropotechnical turn in culture is based on educational practices that characterize a person as a subject and at the same time as an object of educational and corrective influence. Theoretical basis. We use the method of categorical analysis, which allows revealing the main outlook potentials of anthropotechnical turn as an essential transformation of modern socio-culture. Originality. For the first time, we conducted a categorical analysis of the glossary of anthropotechnical turn as dialectic of active and passive in the personal and social modes such as education. Conclusions. The anthropotechnical turn of modern socio-culture means the actualization of the dialectic of active and passive in the process of socialization and formation of a person in a modern society. The world-view potential of the anthropotechnical turn is producing a new maxim and stratagem of person's behaviour through the formation of a new way of self-identification and self-esteem. The modern educational system, given the theory of anthropotechnical rotation, should change the content of timological energies from obedience to self-actualization and self-improvement. A prerequisite for this task is the change in the motivation of the education sector and the improvement of the social status of the teacher as an intellectual and leader of opinion. The analysis of the specificity of the information society and its determinatory impact on the individual provides grounds for identifying modern culture as a culture of lost opportunities. Thus, the main cause of disorientation and ignorance of a person is not the lack of information, but the lack of motivation. Therefore, the fundamental principles of anthropotechnical turn are productive in solving pressing problems of our time.
L. N. TOLSTOY IN SEARCH OF SPIRITUAL SENSE OF HUMAN
Authors: Gromov V. E.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. To turn to the diaries and journalistic works by Leo Tolstoy, to study the content and method of his religious and ethical search. To doubt the faithfulness of his interpretation of the evangelical message of Christ. Theoretical basis. The author proceeded from the necessity of a dialectical understanding of the concepts of nonviolence, mercy, justice and a cultural-historical focus on the possibilities of society in realizing the spirituality principles. Originality. The author focuses on the unilateral nature of the methodology that Leo Tolstoy uses to deny violence, as well as on the ambiguous role of Tolstoy's ideology in the morality of society. Conclusions. The spiritual activities an individual person is able to do and that are instructive for society from the point of view of its moral influence may not be sufficient means for educating moral responsibility in a society as a whole. Tolstoy's methodological approach to justifying the absoluteness of nonviolence principle is one-sided and not productive for a true interpretation of the spiritual nature of the Christ’s message about love and mercy.