bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Perilaku Pengobatan Dan Aktivitas Fisik Dalam Brief Counseling Farmasis Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin
Authors: Aryzki Saftia , Ayuchecaria Noverda
Published: December 2022

Background : Hypertension is a non-communicable disease. As many as 1 billion people in the world or 1 in 4 adults suffer from this disease. In fact, it is estimated that the number of people with hypertension will increase to 1.6 billion by 2025. Patient behavior by implementing controlled patient blood pressure will help achieve the success of patient therapy. Research Purposes: The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the level of treatment behavior with physical activity in hypertensive patients at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study using two groups with the method of taking the sample by using a simple random sampling method that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample in this study was 60 samples with 30 samples in the control group and 30 samples in the intervention group. This research was conducted at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Ulin Hospital from March-June 2020. The data collection technique used in this study was a behavioral level questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and blood pressure questionnaires taken from medical records. Results: The results of the normality test indicate that the data is not normally distributed, so a non-parametric test will be carried out, namely the Spearman Correlation test. The results of the Spearman Correlation test between treatment behavior and physical activity after giving treatment had a correlation relationship with the category quite strong and the significance result was 0.006 (p <0.05). This means that there is a strong relationship between treatment behavior and physical activity for hypertensive patients. Conclusion: treatment behavior with physical activity after treatment has a correlation with the category is quite strong and the result is a significance of 0.006 (p <0.05).Keywords : Medication Behavior, Patient Activity, Hypertension, Relationship
Analisis Rhodamin B Dalam Lipstick Di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara
Authors: Tangkas Hansel Hens , Putri Trias S. , Aisyah Syarifah S. , Hairunnisa Hairunnisa , Oktavia Helda , Purnamasari Indah , Salbiah Siti , Rahmadani Rahmadani
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Rhodamin B merupakan zat warna sintesis yang umumnya digunakan sebagai zat warna kertas, tekstil atau tinta yang menyebabkan iritasi pada saluran pernapasan dan bila digunakan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kanker dan kerusakan hati dalam tubuh. Penggunaan Rhodamin B pada waktu yang lama akan terjadi bahaya akut jika tertelan dan mengakibatkan muntah yang menimbulkan iritasi pada saluran pencernaan dan menimbulkan gejala keracunan.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya lipstick yang mengandung Rhodamin B.

Metode: Metode penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dan penelitian kuantitatif dengan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS.

Hasil: Sampel lipstik terbukti secara kualitatif mengandung rhodamin B dengan fase gerak dan fase diam etanol 70%: ammonia: etil asetat (5:2,5:12,5) dan silika gel 254 nm. Dengan nilai RF sebesar 0,57 Pada penelitian kuantitatif, kadar rhodamin B ditemukan berjumlah 2,598 mg/L.

Kesimpulan: Dibuat lipstick yang beredar di kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara terbukti mengandung rhodamin B.
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Minum Obat Anti Tuberkulosis Pasien di Puskesmas Sungai Tabuk 1 Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Wahyuni Desi , Kurniawati Darini , Hidayah Nurul
Published: December 2022

Ketidak tahu pasien terhadap ketentuan dan lamanya pengobatan secara teratur untuk mencapai kesembuhan sebagai akibat tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat yang rendah. Proses kesembuhan pasien tuberculosis cepat terwujud, jika kerja sama antara pasien dan keluarganya dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan, khususnya dokter harus terjalin dengan baik.
Pengaruh Efek Samping Obat Terhadap Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Pada Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner Di Rsud Brigjend H.Hasan Basry Hulu Sungai Selatan
Authors: Lathifah Nur , Yuwindry Iwan , Zulfadhilah Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan suatu keadaan yang disebabkan oleh penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah jantung. PJK merupakan penyakit kardiovaskular penyebab terbanyak kasus kematian diseluruh dunia 45% dari 9,4 juta kematian disebabkan oleh PJK. Kasus PJK di Indonesia mencapai 1,2 juta kasus penderita dan mengalami peningkatan menjadi 2,7 juta orang yang mengalami PJK. Adanya Efek samping obat PJK dan putusnya terapi obat merupakan salah satu fakor risiko terjadinya kegagalan pengobatan.

Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh efek samping obat terhadap kepatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien PJK di RSUD Brigjend H.Hasan Basry Hulu Sungai Selatan.

Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan observasional analitik dengan desain Cross Sectional dan jenis Purposive Consecutive  Sampling. Periode sampling selama 4 minggu dengan sampel 50 responden penderita PJK. Analisis data menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Spearman Rho. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Naranjo untuk efek samping obat dan MMAS-8 untuk kepatuhan.

Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada korelasi yang terjadi antara variabel efek samping obat PJK dengan kepatuhan penggunaan obat yang menunjukan adanya pengaruh dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001 dan koefisien korelasi 0,470 yang memiliki arah korelasi positif dengan kekuatan hubungan sedang.

Simpulan: adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengaruh efek samping obat PJK terhadap kepatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien PJK di RSUD Brigjend H.Hasan Basry Hulu Sungai Selatan.
BARRIER DAN SELF-EFFICACY APOTEKER DALAM PROMOSI KESEHATAN DI FASILITAS KESEHATAN TINGKAT PERTAMA KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Mardiati Nurul , Munajad Elsa , Hidayati Rahmi
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang:  Promosi kesehatan lebih memfokuskan pada menjaga dan meningkatkan derajat kesejahteraan daripada mengembalikan kesehatan akibat dari sakit atau kecelakaan. Barrier adalah hambatan atau kendala yang dialami oleh apoteker dalam melaksanakan promosi kesehatan,  sementara itu pada Self- efficacy ataupun keyakinan diri merupakan suatu perilaku positif orang yang percaya akan keahlian dirinya untuk meningkatkan evaluasi positif, baik terhadap diri sendiri maupun lingkungan.

Tujuan: Riset ini bertujuan guna mengetahui gambaran Barrier, serta Self- efficacy dalam promosi kesehatan dan hubungan antara Barrier serta Self- efficacy dalam melakukan promosi kesehatan.

Metode: Riset ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional serta Responden dipilih dengan memakai metode purposive sampling ialah dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada 20 orang Apoteker.Hasil:  Sebagian besar apoteker yaitu 13 orang (65%)  memiliki barrier  yang tinggi dalam promosi kesehatan di FKTP Kota Banjarbaru. Barrier tinggi dalam kurangnya waktu (70 %) dan tidak adanya pedoman standar bagi apoteker (65 %). Mayoritas apoteker juga memiliki self-efficacy yang tinggi yaitu 12 orang (60%). Terdapat hubungan antara barrier dan self-efficacy dalam melaksanakan promosi kesehatan yang dilakukan oleh apoteker yang bekerja di FKTP Kota Banjarbaru.

Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara Barrier dan Self-efficacy dalam melaksanakan promosi kesehatan.
Penentuan Nilai Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) Dan Uji Karakteristik Sifat Fisik-Kimia Sediaan Nanoherbal Bedak Dayak
Authors: Nugroho Wahyu , Ayuchecaria Noverda , Aryzki Saftia
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Salah satu produk kearifan lokal yang banyak digunakan masyarakat dayak untuk mengurani efek buruk sinar matahari adalah bedak dayak atau bedak dingin.  Berbahan dasar beras yang dicampur dengan beberapa herbal lokal, bedak dayak dimanfaatkan untuk merawat kesehatan dan kecantikan kulit. Bedak dayak memiliki potensi untuk menjadi alternatif untuk melindungi kesehatan kulit dari ancaman radiasi sinar UV ini. Pada penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan telah berupa sediaan nanopartikel. Pemanfaatan teknologi di bidang nano material diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kinerja bioaktivitasnya dan kenyamanan pemakaian jika dibandingkan dengan bedak dayak konvensional

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas tabir surya dan karakteristik fisik-kimia sediaan nanoherbal bedak dayak.

Metode: Uji aktivitas tabir surya dilakukan secara in vitro dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Penentuan nilai sun protection factor (SPF) dibaca pada panjang gelombang 290-320nm. Selain itu dilakukan juga uji karakteristik fisika-kimia sediaan meliputi organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar dan daya lekat.

Hasil: Hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai SPF sediaan bedak dayak berukuran nanopartikel pada konsentrasi 200 dan 400 ppm berada pada kategori perlindungan minimal (nilai SPF 1-4) sedangkan untuk konsentrasi 600ppm keduanya berada pada kategori perlindungan sedang (nilai SPF 4-6).  Hasil uji karakteristik orgoleptis dan homogenitas tidak mengalami perubahan hingga hari ke 14. Uji pH menunjukkan hasil 5,87. Uji daya sebar tanpa beban menunjukan diameter rata-rata sebesar 2,47 cm dan daya lekat 2,33 detik.

Kesimpulan:Nilai SPF yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi 400ppm berada di kategori perlindungan sedang. Sediaan memenuhi persyaratan organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar dan daya lekat
Impact analysis on adaptive reuse of obsolete ecclesiastical cultural heritage
Authors: Sedova Anastasiia
Published: December 2022

Today, many churches all around the world are in various states of disrepair, which would be an irreparable loss. This research paper examines the new, mixed or extended adaptive use of underutilised and abandoned ecclesiastical cultural heritage with specific reference to human-centred impact analysis and the creation of added value. Sixty-five (65) international case studies are analysed to explore creative holistic solutions to re-integrating underutilised and disused religious assets back into contemporary urban and rural landscapes. The case study analysis encompasses: ecclesiastical stakeholder valorisation; forms of obsolescence; dimensions of adaptability; interpretation of complex value relationships and human-centred impact analysis. The case study findings indicate that sensitive adaptive reuse of obsolete religious structures to Post Religious Uses has the potential to encourage positive inflows of investment capital with corresponding positive impacts on the economic values attached to new and extended uses in addition to spiritual, cultural, social, environmental and economic values for society. The research proves that churches which are brought back into the contemporary urban fabric of communities has the potential to yield benefits that contribute to sustainable development and contribute to cultural capital.
Evaluation of a rumen modifier to limit pellet intake in beef brood cows
Authors: Gleason Claire B. , Wilson T. Bain , Mercadante Vitor R. G. , White Robin R.
Published: December 2022

Winter supplementation of gestating beef cows is often necessary to ensure energy and protein requirements remain satisfied. However, it is difficult to prevent over- or under-consumption by individual animals fed in a group. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake limiting effects of 3 levels of tea saponin (TS) on pelleted feed consumption when compared with a TS-free control treatment. Commercial beef cows in late gestation (n = 24) were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments delivered via a pelleted feed supplement: 0% (A), 0.16% (B), 0.32% (C), or 0.64% (D) TS on a dry matter basis. Cows were assigned so that initial mean body weights and body condition scores were similar among treatment groups. Supplement was delivered once daily via Calan gates at a rate of 2.5% of BW for 42 days. Refusals were collected daily to calculate intake. Treatment differences were observed for pellet DMI, cow BW, and cow BCS (P < 0.0001). Cow hay intake, calf birth weight, and calf weaning weight were unaffected by treatment (P > 0.05). Dry matter intake of pellets as a percent of BW (DMIBW) was significantly different for all treatments (P < 0.0001) with intake declining as TS content increased. Considerable variability in DMIBW of all treatments was observed from day 0 to 15 but intakes plateaued between 1.75 and 2.5% DMIBW for the remainder of the trial with Treatment D intake remaining noticeably lower than the other treatments. Treatment D was found to be successful at limiting pellet intake to an average DMIBW of 1.51%. This study concluded that short-term pellet intake can be limited by inclusion of TS, highlighting it as a potential intake limiter product for beef cattle producers.
Effects of fermentation medium on cigar filler
Authors: Wen Cai , Wanrong Hu , Pinhe Li , Jie Liu , Qianying Zhang , Quanwei Zhou , Cheng Luo , Dongliang Li
Published: December 2022

The addition of medium during industrial fermentation can improve the quality of cigar tobacco leaves after agricultural fermentation. In this study, the cigar filler tobacco “Brazilian Frogstrips YA14” was used as the test material to determine the contents of main chemical components in cigar tobacco leaves after fermentations with the additions of water (control group) and a medium (test group), and the changes in the community structure and abundances of bacteria on tobacco leaves during the fermentation process were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows: 1) During the fermentation process, the protein content of tobacco leaves fluctuated slightly, basically stabilized at 19%–20%. 2) Under the impact of the medium, the total content of main amino acids in tobacco leaves showed a downward trend, and the difference of which between the control group and the test group was the most obvious on the fourth day of fermentation. 3) The change trend of the content of petroleum ether extract in cigar leaves for the control group was not obvious, and the content of petroleum ether extract in the tobacco leaves for the test group decreased by 12.4% under the impact of the medium. 4) After fermentation, the relative content of saturated fatty acids for the control group and the test group all increased, while the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids all decreased. 5) After the addition of the medium, the diversity of bacteria on tobacco leaves changed significantly, the number of OTUs in tobacco leaves increased, and the bacterial community structure changed. This research indicates that after adding the medium to ferment cigar filler, the changes of bacterial community and dominant bacterial group on cigar tobacco leaves have impacts on the contents of chemical components in tobacco leaves, and the fermentation with the addition of medium has a positive effect on improving the quality of tobacco leaves.
Development of novel polymeric nanoagents and their potential in cancer diagnosis and therapy runing title: Polymeric nanoagents for cancer theranostics
Authors: Huang Ge , Li Qian , Li Longyan , Wang E.
Published: December 2022

Cancer has been one of the leading factors of death around the world. Cancer patients usually have low 5-year survival rates and poor life quality requiring substantial improvement. In clinic, the presenting diagnostic strategies lack sensitivity with only a small proportion of patients can be accurately identified. For diagnosed patients, most of them are at the advanced stages thus being delayed to receive treatment. Therefore, it is eager to investigate and develop highly effective and accurate techniques for cancer early diagnosis and individualized therapy. Various nanoplatforms are emerging as imaging agents and drug carriers for cancer theranostics recently. Novel polymeric nanoagents, as a potent exemplar, have extraordinary merits, such as good stability, high biosafety and high drug loading efficacy, showing the great prospect for cancer early diagnosis and precise treatment. Herein, we review the recent advances in novel polymeric nanoagents and elucidate their synthesis procedures. We further introduce the applications of novel polymeric nanoagents in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics, as well as associated challenges and prospects in this field.
Methods for determining the CO2 removal capacity of enhanced weathering in agronomic settings
Authors: Almaraz Maya , Bingham Nina L. , Holzer Iris O. , Geoghegan Emily K. , Goertzen Heath , Sohng Jaeeun , Houlton Benjamin Z.
Published: December 2022

Recent analysis by the IPCC suggests that, across an array of scenarios, both GHG emissions reductions and various degrees of carbon removal will be required to achieve climate stabilization at a level that avoids the most dangerous climate changes in the future. Among a large number of options in the realm of natural climate solutions, atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via enhanced silicate weathering (EW) in global working lands could, in theory, achieve billions of tons of CO2 removal each year. Despite such potential, however, scientific verification and field testing of this technology are still in need of significant advancement. Increasing the number of EW field trials can be aided by formal presentation of effective study designs and methodological approaches to quantifying CO2 removal. In particular, EW studies in working lands require interdisciplinary “convergence” research that links low temperature geochemistry and agronomy. Here, drawing on geologic and agronomic literature, as well as demonstration-scale research on quantifying EW, we provide an overview of (1) existing literature on EW experimentation as a CO2 removal technique, (2) agronomic and geologic approaches to studying EW in field settings, (3) the scientific bases and tradeoffs behind various techniques for quantifying CO2 removal and other relevant methodologies, and (4) the attributes of effective stakeholder engagement for translating scientific research in action. In doing so, we provide a guide for establishing interdisciplinary EW field trials, thereby advancing the verification of atmospheric CO2 in working lands through the convergence of geochemistry and agronomy.
How are schools implementing a universal social–emotional learning program? Macro- and school-level factors associated with implementation approach
Authors: Thierry Karen L. , Page Amanda , Currie Cailin , Posamentier Jordan , Liu Yangyang , Choi Jane , Randall Haleigh , Rajanbabu Poojashree , Kim Tia E. , Widen Sherri C.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

For universal SEL programs to contribute to positive learning environments, all school staff must be involved in implementing the program (CASEL, 2020). The first aim of the current study was to examined school/district- and macro-level factors associated with two approaches to SEL program implementation observed in schools: (1) classroom teachers as instructors of SEL lessons (i.e., teacher-facilitated) or (2) school counselors as instructors of SEL lessons (i.e., counselor-facilitated). A second aim was to examine the SEL provider’s perception of the context of counselor-facilitated implementation in schools.

Methods

Public elementary and middle schools in the U.S. (N = 6,657), that adopted the Second Step digital program in the 2021-22 school year, were identified as utilizing teacher- or counselor-facilitated implementation using usage records. Predictor variables, namely support for SEL (i.e., state plans to utilize federal funding for SEL programs or access to systemic SEL consultation) and state adoption of stand-along K-12 SEL standards/competencies, were obtained from publicly available data sources. To evaluate the second aim, interviews were conducted with Second Step client support staff (N = 5), each representing hundreds of schools utilizing a counselor-facilitated implementation approach.

Results

A Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis indicated that schools in states with support for SEL (i.e., plans to utilize federal funding for SEL programs or access to systemic SEL consultation) were more likely to use teacher-facilitated implementation than schools without support (OR = 1.64, p < .01, CI = 1.15 – 2.34). Schools in states that were early adopters of stand-alone K-12 SEL standards/competencies tended to be more likely than those without K-12 SEL standards/competencies to use teacher-facilitated implementation (OR = 1.70, p = .06, CI = 1.00 – 2.95). A qualitative study involving iInterviews with Second Step staff who support hundreds of schools utilizing counselor-facilitated implementation identified other potential factors motivating counselors as facilitators, including low SEL buy-in and limited staff capacity. Although this approach has challenges, it could be a pathway to teacher-facilitated implementation over time.

Discussion

Taken together, findings indicate promising strategies for the promotion of more schoolwide use of SEL programs.
High prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with a first episode of acute ischemic stroke. Impact on disability and death
Authors: Canillas Lidia , Soriano-Varela Agnes , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Broquetas Teresa
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and it is associated with an increased risk of overall mortality being cardiovascular disease the most common cause of mortality. Strategies are needed to identify high risk groups for NAFLD to improve screening approaches. Moreover, there is a lack of information about the prevalence of NAFLD on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and the influence of NAFLD on the prognosis of the stroke. The aim of the study was to define the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with a first episode of AIS and the secondary aims were to evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD at different ages and its impact on the severity and prognosis of the AIS.

Materials and methods

Observational study including consecutive patients admitted for the first AIS from January 2005 to May 2018. Patients with harmful alcohol intake, other liver diseases and malignancies were excluded. Sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and blood test at admission were reviewed. NAFLD and liver fibrosis were assessed with the serological scores Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and Fibrosis-4 respectively. NAFLD was defined by a FLI>60. Stroke severity and prognosis were evaluated with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale respectively in patients aged from 40 to 79 years old.

Results

We included 1601 patients, 52.4% were female and median (IQR) age of 77 (66 – 83) years. The 41% of the total cohort had a FLI>60 with different prevalence according to age in decades: in 30-39 years: 35.7%; in 40-49: 47.5%; in 50-59: 51.1%, in 60-69: 56%, in 70-79: 41.4%; in 80-89: 34.9% (p<0.001). The presence of NAFLD did not impact on the severity or the prognosis of stroke. However, patients with NAFLD were younger than those without NAFLD (74 vs. 78; p<0.001).

Conclusion

Presence of NAFLD did not impact on disability and death after the stroke. However, patients with a first episode of stroke showed a high prevalence of NAFLD, especially at intermediate ages, and therefore, screening for NAFLD should be advisable.
Glucagon-like peptide-2 protects the gastric mucosa via regulating blood flow and metabolites
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ning Jing , Hao Xinyu , Han Xiurui , Fu Wei , Gong Yueqing , Meng Qiao , Ding Shigang , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Refractory peptic ulcers lead to perforation and hemorrhage, which are fatal. However, these remain a therapeutic challenge. Gastric mucosal blood flow is crucial in maintaining gastric mucosal health. It’s reported that Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), a gastrointestinal hormone, stimulated intestinal blood flow. However, the direct role of GLP-2 in gastric mucosal blood flow and metabolites remain unclear. Here, we speculated that GLP-2 might protect the gastric mucosa by increasing gastric mucosal blood flow and regulating metabolites. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of GLP-2 in gastric mucosal lesions and its underlying mechanism.

Methods

We analyzed endogenous GLP-2 during gastric mucosal injury in the serum. Rats were randomly divided into two groups, with 36 rats in each group as follows: (1) normal control group (NC1); (2) ethanol model group (EC1); rats in EC1 and NC1 groups were intragastrically administered ethanol (1 ml/200 g body weight) and distilled water (1 ml/200 g body weight). The serum was collected 10 min before intragastric administration and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after intragastric administration. Furthermore, additional male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, with six rats in each group as follows: (1) normal control group (NC); (2) ethanol model group (EC); (3) 10 μg/200 g body weight GLP-2 group (GLP-2). Rats in the NC and EC groups were intraperitoneally injected with saline. Those in the GLP-2 group were intraperitoneally injected with GLP-2. Thirty minutes later, rats in the EC and GLP-2 groups were intragastrically administered ethanol (1 ml/200 g body weight), and rats in the NC group were intragastrically administered distilled water (1 ml/200 g body weight). After the intragastric administration of ethanol for 1 h, the animals were anesthetized and gastric mucosal blood flow was measured. Serum were collected for ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) metabolomics.

Results

There were no significant change in endogenous GLP-2 during gastric mucosal injury (P<0.05). Pretreatment with GLP-2 significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions by improving the gastric mucosal blood flow, as examined using a laser Doppler flow meter, Guth Scale, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and two-photon microscopy. UPLC-MS/MS analyses showed that GLP-2 also maintained a steady state of linoleic acid metabolism.

Conclusions

Taken together, GLP-2 protects the gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced lesions by improving gastric mucosa blood flow and affecting linoleic acid metabolism.
Genetically predicted C-reactive protein mediates the association between rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial subluxation
Authors: Yuan Jiaqin , Xiong Xiaoqin , Zhang Bin , Feng Qingyuan , Zhang Jinglin , Wang Wenting , Tang Jia
Published: December 2022

Objective

Investigating the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) and identifying and quantifying the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a potential mediator.

Methods

Using summary-level data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of genetically predicted rheumatoid arthritis (14,361 cases, and 43,923 controls) and AAS (141 cases, 227,388 controls) was performed. Furthermore, we used two-step MR to quantitate the proportion of the effect of c-reactive protein-mediated RA on AAS.

Results

MR analysis identified higher genetically predicted rheumatoid arthritis (primary MR analysis odds ratio (OR) 0.61/SD increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36-1.90) increased risk of AAS. There was no strong evidence that genetically predicted AAS had an effect on rheumatoid arthritis risk (OR 1.001, 95% CI 0.97-1.03). The proportion of genetically predicted rheumatoid arthritis mediated by C-reactive protein was 3.7% (95%CI 0.1%−7.3%).

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study identified a causal relationship between RA and AAS, with a small proportion of the effect mediated by CRP, but a majority of the effect of RA on AAS remains unclear. Further research is needed on additional risk factors as potential mediators. In clinical practice, lesions of the upper cervical spine in RA patients need to be given more attention.
Mechanotransduction regulates inflammation responses of epicardial adipocytes in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Liu Xiaoliang , Liu Lei , Zhao Junfei , Wang Hua , Li Yifei
Published: December 2022

Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by secreting various bioactive products to mediate the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence shows that adipose tissue disorders contribute to several kinds of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the adipose tissue would present various biological effects depending on its tissue localization and metabolic statuses, deciding the individual cardiometabolic risk. Crosstalk between adipose and myocardial tissue is involved in the pathophysiological process of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction/atherosclerosis. The abnormal distribution of adipose tissue in the heart might yield direct and/or indirect effects on cardiac function. Moreover, mechanical transduction is critical for adipocytes in differentiation, proliferation, functional maturity, and homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, understanding the features of mechanotransduction pathways in the cellular ontogeny of adipose tissue is vital for underlining the development of adipocytes involved in cardiovascular disorders, which would preliminarily contribute positive implications on a novel therapeutic invention for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of mechanical stress in cardiac adipocyte homeostasis and its interplay with maintaining cardiac function.
Behavioral factors to modulate immunotherapy efficacy in cancer
Authors: Jongerius C. , Vermeulen L. , van Egmond M. , Evers A. W. M. , Buffart L. M. , Lenos K. J.
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies, are used to (re)activate the immune system to treat cancer. Despite promising results, a large group of patients does not respond to checkpoint inhibition. In the vulnerability-stress model of behavioral medicine, behavioral factors, such as stress, exercise and classical pharmacological conditioning, predict cancer incidence, recurrence and the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments. Given the important role of the immune system in these processes, certain behavior may be promising to complement immune checkpoint inhibition therapy. Here, we discuss the preliminary evidence and suitability of three behavioral mechanisms, i.e. stress modulation, exercise and classical pharmacological conditioning for the benefit of immunotherapy. It is crucial to study the potential beneficial effects of behavioral strategies that support immunotherapeutic anti-tumor effects with rigorous experimental evidence, to exploit behavioral mechanisms in improving checkpoint inhibition efficacy.
Pharmacological potential of Sargassum sp. of west coast of Maharashtra Kunkeshwar, India
Authors: Abdi Gholamreza , Karande Vanita Chandrashekhar , Mohammed Arifullah , Abbasi Tarighat Maryam , Wen Goh Khang , Abdul Kari Zulhisyam , Seong Wei Lee , Ahmad Mohd Zain Muhammad Rajaei , Mohammadi Mehdi , Ee Lee Gaik , Barwant Mukul M.
Published: December 2022

A promising plant group that is important in medicine is the seaweed. In this investigation, we have focused on the pharmacological prospects of brown algae (Sargassum sp). Nutraceuticals refer to products that may combine pharmacological and nutrition. We have collected the plant material close to Kunkeeshwar in Sindhudurg, Maharashtra’s western coast. We focused on the Physicochemical Attributes of Sargassum sp., and the study found that the ash value (41 ± 0.67), moisture content (1.33 ± 0.038), alcohol-soluble extractive value (1.5 ± 0.030), moisture content (1.33 ± 0.038), and total cash value (41 ± 0.67) are all stated in (%).The GCMS findings, which demonstrate that a total of 25 chemicals were discovered in the aqueous extract of Sargassum sp., also represent their nutritional profile. All of these substances have chromatograms that can be observed.1-Hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane is the substance with the second-largest retention duration and relative areas, followed by n-hexadanoic acid. The presence of ocladecanoic acid was later determined. The explanation for how the activity is concentration-dependent is pharmacological activity, particularly antioxidant activity as shown by the DPPH assay.2μg/mL is -1545.4 ± 0.05. as a minimum. and at (32 g/mL is 7.67 ± 0.05) is the highest. The antifungal activity of Candida albicans (12.8 mm) and Aspergillus niger (14.4 mm) both exhibit zone inhibition when tested against two distinct pathogen however, the antibacterial activity of three different bacteria demonstrates that Staphylococcus aureus (12 mm), Bacillus subtilis (10 mm), Proteus mirabilis (12.8 mm), and Escherichia. coli are all zone inhibited (13mm). Brown algae offer the greatest potential for human health nutrition, while pharmacological analysis is helpful for therapeutic application, according to the overall analysis.
Development of a model for predicting the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gu Yu-Feng , Chen Long , Qiu Rong , Wang Shu-Hong , Chen Ping
Published: December 2022

Background

Several models have been developed to predict the severity and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to identify potential predictors and construct a prediction model for COPD severity using biochemical and immunological parameters.

Methods

A total of 6,274 patients with COPD were recruited between July 2010 and July 2018. COPD severity was classified into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify predictors of COPD severity. The predictive ability of the model was assessed by measuring sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and concordance.

Results

Of 6,274 COPD patients, 2,644, 2,600, and 1,030 had mild/moderate, severe, and very severe disease, respectively. The factors that could distinguish between mild/moderate and severe cases were vascular disorders (OR: 1.44; P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR: 1.83; P < 0.001), plasma fibrinogen (OR: 1.08; P = 0.002), fructosamine (OR: 1.12; P = 0.002), standard bicarbonate concentration (OR: 1.09; P < 0.001), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (OR: 1.09; P < 0.001), age (OR: 0.97; P < 0.001), eosinophil count (OR: 0.66; P = 0.042), lymphocyte ratio (OR: 0.97; P < 0.001), and apolipoprotein A1 (OR: 0.56; P = 0.003). The factors that could distinguish between mild/moderate and very severe cases were vascular disorders (OR: 1.59; P < 0.001), HDL (OR: 2.54; P < 0.001), plasma fibrinogen (OR: 1.10; P = 0.012), fructosamine (OR: 1.18; P = 0.001), partial pressure of oxygen (OR: 1.00; P = 0.007), plasma carbon dioxide concentration (OR: 1.01; P < 0.001), standard bicarbonate concentration (OR: 1.13; P < 0.001), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (OR: 1.16; P < 0.001), age (OR: 0.91; P < 0.001), sex (OR: 0.71; P = 0.010), allergic diseases (OR: 0.51; P = 0.009), eosinophil count (OR: 0.42; P = 0.014), lymphocyte ratio (OR: 0.93; P < 0.001), and apolipoprotein A1 (OR: 0.45; P = 0.005). The prediction model correctly predicted disease severity in 60.17% of patients, and kappa coefficient was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.33–0.37).

Conclusion

This study developed a prediction model for COPD severity based on biochemical and immunological parameters, which should be validated in additional cohorts.
Clinical presentation of acute primary angle closure during the COVID-19 epidemic lockdown
Authors: Zhou Li , Wu Shaoqun , Wang Yong , Bao Xianyi , Peng Tingting , Luo Wenjing , Ortega-Usobiaga Julio
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the clinical presentation of acute primary angle closure (APAC) during the COVID-19 epidemic lockdown in Wuhan.

Methods

Consecutive patients seeking APAC treatment at the Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital during the 76 days (January 23–April 8, 2020) when the lockdown policy was implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic were compared to those during the same period the following year (January 23–April 8, 2021), when the lockdown policy was not implemented. The cohorts were compared to assess demographic variables and clinical presentations.

Results

A total of 54 patients (64 eyes) were included in the 2020, compared with 46 patients (51 eyes) in the 2021. Demographic factors were similar between the groups. Significantly more patients developed blindness in the 2020 cohort (21.87%) than in the 2021 cohort (7.84%). Patients in the 2020 showed a longer time from symptom to treatment (241.84 ± 211.95 h in 2020 vs. 121.53 ± 96.12 h in 2021; P = 0.001), higher intraocular pressure at presentation (52.63 ± 12.45 mmHg in 2020 vs. 45.16 ± 9.79 mmHg in 2021; P = 0.001), larger pupil diameter (5.47 ± 1.62 mm in 2020 vs. 4.33 ± 1.27 mm in 2021; P = 0.001), and more glaucomatous optic neuropathy diagnoses [20/64 eyes (31.25%) in 2020 vs. 7/51 eyes (13.73%) in 2021; P = 0.03].

Conclusion

The time between the onset of APAC symptoms and its treatment during the COVID-19 epidemic lockdown was significantly prolonged, which increased the blindness rate of APAC patients.
Association between respiratory diseases and molar-incisor hypomineralization: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Né Yago Gecy de Sousa , Frazão Deborah Ribeiro , Lopes Géssica de Oliveira , Fagundes Nathália Carolina Fernandes , Souza-Rodrigues Renata Duarte , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia , Maia Lucianne Cople , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: December 2022

The molar-incisor permineralização (MIH) is a qualitative enamel developing abnormality involving the occlusal and/or incisal third of one or more molars or permanent incisors, caused by systemic factors. Several systemic disorders and environmental factors, such as respiratory diseases, have been reported as probable causes of MIH. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate whether respiratory diseases and MIH are associated. The searches were carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. The acronym PECO was used, in which the P (population) was humans in permanent dentition stage; (E-exposure) molar-incisor hypomineralization; (C-comparison) reference population and (O - outcome) respiratory diseases. After the search retrieval, the duplicates were removed, and the articles were evaluated by title and abstract; then, the papers were read and thoroughly assessed. After selection, the risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the level of evidence. Three thousand six hundred and sixty six were found through the searches. After exclusion by duplicates, title, abstract, and full-reading, 13 articles remained. The articles included in this review evaluated the association of MIH with asthma, tonsilitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Most reports showed a low risk of bias. When exploring through GRADE, a very low level of evidence was found. We observed that the included studies showed that children with MIH had more respiratory diseases than the group that did not have MIH.

Systematic review registration

https://osf.io/un76d.
Three year results of Blessed: Expanded access for DeltaRex-G for an intermediate size population with advanced pancreatic cancer and sarcoma (NCT04091295) and individual patient use of DeltaRex-G for solid malignancies (IND# 19130)
Authors: Chawla Sant P. , Wong Steven , Quon Doris , Moradkhani Ania , Chua Victoria S. , Brigham Don A. , Reed Rebecca A , Swaney William , Hall Frederick L. , Gordon Erlinda M.
Published: December 2022

Background: Innovative treatments are urgently needed for metastatic cancer. DeltaRex-G, a tumor-targeted retrovector encoding a dominant-negative/cytocidal cyclin G1 (CCNG1 gene) inhibitor construct—has been tested in over 280 cancer patients worldwide in phase 1, phase 2 studies and compassionate use studies, demonstrating long term (>10 years) survivorship in patients with advanced cancers, including pancreatic cancer, osteosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, breast cancer, and B-cell lymphoma.

Patient and Methods: Endpoints: Survival, response, treatment-related adverse events. Study one is entitled “Blessed: Expanded Access for DeltaRex-G for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer and Sarcoma (NCT04091295)”. Study two is entitled “Individual Patient Use of DeltaRex-G for Solid Malignancies (Investigational New Drug#19130). In both studies, patients will receive DeltaRex-G at 1-3 x 10e11 cfu i.v. over 30–45 min, three x a week until significant disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or death occurs.

Results: Seventeen patients were enrolled, nine sarcoma, two pancreatic adenocarcinoma, one non-small cell lung cancer, two breast carcinoma, one prostate cancer, one cholangiocarcinoma and one basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. Three patients were enrolled in Study 1 and 14 patients were enrolled in Study 2. Twelve of 17 enrolled patients were treated with DeltaRex-G monotherapy or in combination with United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cancer therapies. Five patients died before receiving DeltaRex-G. Efficacy Analysis: Of the 12 treated patients, 5 (42%) are alive 15–36 months from DeltaRex-G treatment initiation. Two patients with early-stage HR + HER2+ positive or triple receptor negative invasive breast cancer who received DeltaRex-G as adjuvant/first line therapy are alive in complete remission 23 and 16 months after DeltaRex-G treatment initiation respectively; three patients with metastatic chordoma, chondrosarcoma and advanced basal cell carcinoma are alive 36, 31, and 15 months after DeltaRex-G treatment initiation respectively. Safety Analysis: There were no treatment-related adverse events reported.

Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggest that 1) DeltaRex-G may evoke tumor growth stabilization after failing standard chemotherapy, 2) DeltaRex-G may act synergistically with standard chemotherapy/targeted therapies, and 3) Adjuvant/first line therapy with DeltaRex-G for early-stage invasive carcinoma of breast may be authorized by the USFDA when patients refuse to receive toxic chemotherapy.
Flexibility of in vitro cortical circuits influences resilience from microtrauma
Authors: Adegoke Modupe A. , Teter Olivia , Meaney David F.
Published: December 2022

Background

Small clusters comprising hundreds to thousands of neurons are an important level of brain architecture that correlates single neuronal properties to fulfill brain function, but the specific mechanisms through which this scaling occurs are not well understood. In this study, we developed an in vitro experimental platform of small neuronal circuits (islands) to probe the importance of structural properties for their development, physiology, and response to microtrauma.

Methods

Primary cortical neurons were plated on a substrate patterned to promote attachment in clusters of hundreds of cells (islands), transduced with GCaMP6f, allowed to mature until 10–13 days in vitro (DIV), and monitored with Ca2+ as a non-invasive proxy for electrical activity. We adjusted two structural factors–island size and cellular density–to evaluate their role in guiding spontaneous activity and network formation in neuronal islands.

Results

We found cellular density, but not island size, regulates of circuit activity and network function in this system. Low cellular density islands can achieve many states of activity, while high cellular density biases islands towards a limited regime characterized by low rates of activity and high synchronization, a property we summarized as “flexibility.” The injury severity required for an island to lose activity in 50% of its population was significantly higher in low-density, high flexibility islands.

Conclusion

Together, these studies demonstrate flexible living cortical circuits are more resilient to microtrauma, providing the first evidence that initial circuit state may be a key factor to consider when evaluating the consequences of trauma to the cortex.
Detection of pulmonary embolism severity using clinical characteristics, hematological indices, and machine learning techniques
Authors: Su Hang , Han Zhengyuan , Fu Yujie , Zhao Dong , Yu Fanhua , Heidari Ali Asghar , Zhang Yu , Shou Yeqi , Wu Peiliang , Chen Huiling , Chen Yanfan
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a cardiopulmonary condition that can be fatal. PE can lead to sudden cardiovascular collapse and is potentially life-threatening, necessitating risk classification to modify therapy following the diagnosis of PE. We collected clinical characteristics, routine blood data, and arterial blood gas analysis data from all 139 patients.

Methods

Combining these data, this paper proposes a PE risk stratified prediction framework based on machine learning technology. An improved algorithm is proposed by adding sobol sequence and black hole mechanism to the cuckoo search algorithm (CS), called SBCS. Based on the coupling of the enhanced algorithm and the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), a prediction framework is also proposed.

Results

To confirm the overall performance of SBCS, we run benchmark function experiments in this work. The results demonstrate that SBCS has great convergence accuracy and speed. Then, tests based on seven open data sets are carried out in this study to verify the performance of SBCS on the feature selection problem. To further demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the SBCS-KELM framework, this paper conducts aided diagnosis experiments on PE data collected from the hospital.

Discussion

The experiment findings show that the indicators chosen, such as syncope, systolic blood pressure (SBP), oxygen saturation (SaO2%), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), and others, are crucial for the feature selection approach presented in this study to assess the severity of PE. The classification results reveal that the prediction model’s accuracy is 99.26% and its sensitivity is 98.57%. It is expected to become a new and accurate method to distinguish the severity of PE.
Linking the gut microbiome to microglial activation in opioid use disorder
Authors: Antoine Danielle , Venigalla Greeshma , Truitt Bridget , Roy Sabita
Published: December 2022

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a physical and psychological disorder globally prevalent today that has resulted in over 107,000 drug overdose deaths in 2021 in the United States alone. This manuscript reviews the potential relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD), a prevalent subset of SUD, and the microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), as they have been found to become significantly more activated during opioid exposure. The inflammatory response mediated by the microglia could contribute to the pathophysiology of SUDs, in particular OUD. Further understanding of the microglia and how they respond to not only signals in the CNS but also signals from other areas of the body, such as the gut microbiome, could explain how the microglia are involved in drug use. Several studies have shown extensive communication between the gut microbiome and the microglia, which may be an important factor in the initiation and development of OUD. Particularly, strategies seeking to manipulate and restore the gut microbiome have been shown to reduce microglial activation and attenuate inflammation. In this review, we discuss the evidence for a link between the microglia and OUD and how the gut microbiome might influence microglial activation to drive the disorder and its associated behaviors. Understanding this connection between microglia and the gut microbiome in the context of drug use may present additional therapeutic targets to treat the different stages of drug use.