bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating How Chinese E-Commerce SMEs Would Adopt AI Live-Streaming via a Dual Analysis
Authors: Pu Luoxi , Radics Robert Istvan , Umar Muhammad , Quan Zhi
Published: August 2024

This study aims to delve into the adoption of AI live-streaming technology by Chinese e-commerce SMEs. We employed a robust analytical approach, synergizing Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). A comprehensive survey was conducted with 260 e-commerce SMEs, examining the key factors that may influence the adoption of AI live-streaming under the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. With this model we evaluated six detailed variables for technological readiness, organizational readiness, and environmental influence. The empirical results reveal that such factors - perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, management support, employee competency, and market trends – may significantly influence the adoption of AI live-streaming in Chinese e-commerce SMEs. The findings help enrich the existing body of knowledge in technology adoption in an increasingly digitalised era.
ANÁLISE DAS PROPRIEDADES DO CONCRETO COM USO DE REJEITO DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO
Authors: Ramos Lucas Thadeu da Silva , Bicalho Ferreira Hélvius de Castro , Mourão André Barroso , Reis Elvys Dias , Jacques Poggiali Flávia Spitale , Morais Ivan Batista
Published: August 2024

Este estudo avaliou as propriedades do concreto com substituição parcial do agregado miúdo por rejeito de minério de ferro (RMF), visando contribuir para a sustentabilidade na construção civil e reduzir o impacto ambiental da mineração. Especificamente, foram investigadas a resistência à compressão (fc), módulo de elasticidade (E), massa específica real (ρreal), absorção de água (Abs) e índice de vazios (ivazios) em amostras com RMF em diferentes teores (30% e 50%) e idades (7, 28 e 150 dias). Foi constatado que 30% de RMF melhoram a fc em até 50% após 150 dias, enquanto 50% de RMF a diminuem, sugerindo que há um limite ótimo para a substituição que beneficia a integridade estrutural. A incorporação de RMF também reduziu o E e a Abs nas amostras com 30% de RMF, indicando que o RMF pode atuar eficientemente como um filler até esse teor de substituição. O estudo sugere que o RMF é uma alternativa viável que pode reduzir a extração de recursos naturais, diminuir os custos de produção e contribuir para a economia circular na construção civil, com potencial para mudanças significativas no consumo de materiais convencionais e na gestão de resíduos de mineração.
COMPARAÇÃO DOS PARÂMETROS DE MODELOS CONSTITUTIVOS MODIFICADOS DE CARREIRA E CHU PARA UHPC ATRAVÉS DE REGRESSÃO NÃO LINEAR
Authors: Endo Guilherme Naoto , Vanderlei Romel Dias
Published: August 2024

O modelo constitutivo Carreira & Chu (1985), que descreve o comportamento tensão por deformação do concreto sob compressão simples, é amplamente empregado em análises de matrizes cimentícias devido à sua simplicidade. No entanto, esse modelo apresenta limitações ao lidar com concretos e argamassas contendo fibras, como é o caso específico do UHPC. Para superar essas limitações, foram propostas alterações do modelo por Ezeldin & Balaguru (1992) e por Mansur et al. (1999). Este estudo tem como objetivo uma abordagem computacional com regressões não lineares, desenvolvidas na linguagem R, e otimização de Leverberg–Marquardt para ajuste dos parâmetros para o comportamento à compressão do UHPC. Os dados utilizados para validação foram provenientes de ensaios à compressão em UHPC com adição de 1% e 2% de fibras metálicas. Os modelos convergiram de maneira satisfatória para os ensaios realizados. O modelo de Mansur et al. (1999) destacou-se principalmente na representação dos comportamentos nos pós-picos.
AVALIAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO DO CONCRETO CONFINADO EM PILARES MISTOS DE AÇO E CONCRETO
Authors: Moura Gustavo Almeida de , Souza Vinícius Gabriel Parolin de , Benedito André Vitor , Moura Vinícius Moura de , Krahl Pablo Augusto , Martins Carlos Humberto
Published: August 2024

Os pilares mistos preenchidos com concreto se destacam na indústria da construção devido às suas vantagens, como alta capacidade de carga e deformação. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o comportamento do confinamento do concreto em pilares mistos sob diferentes condições paramétricas, utilizando-se simulações numéricas pelo software ABAQUS. Observou-se que o concreto confinado aumenta a resistência à compressão do pilar, porém, isso é acompanhado por uma perda de ductilidade à medida que a resistência do concreto aumenta. Também foi observado que pilares com proporções mais esbeltas tendem a apresentar instabilidade global antes que ocorra o confinamento total do núcleo de concreto. Esses resultados destaca-se a importância de considerar tais aspectos no projeto e dimensionamento de pilares mistos, visando-se garantir a segurança e eficiência das estruturas de concreto confinado.
SIMULAÇÃO NUMÉRICA DO COMPORTAMENTO DE CONECTORES DE CISALHAMENTO FORMADOS A FRIO
Authors: Sousa Lívia Cristina Lopes , Lima Jerfson M. , Vieira Gregório Sandro , Bonilla Jorge , Moura Paulo Henrique Roberto , Bezerra Eric Mateus Fernandes
Published: August 2024

O conector de cisalhamento é um dispositivo aplicado na interface aço-concreto de elementos estruturais mistos, com a função de transferir os esforços entre o elemento de aço e o elemento de concreto, e vice-versa. O conector de cisalhamento U constituído por perfil formado a frio é um conector alternativo de baixo custo, entretanto, mais estudos para entendimento do seu comportamento mecânico precisam ser desenvolvidos. Nesse sentindo, esse trabalho tem como objetivo simular numericamente o comportamento mecânico de conectores de cisalhamento em U constituído por perfil formado a frio. O modelo numérico desenvolvido foi validado com ensaios experimentais da literatura. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios e condizentes com os resultados experimentais, indicando que o modelo desenvolvido é capaz de simular o comportamento de conectores de cisalhamento em U com perfil formado a frio.
Application of Additional Materials Palm Shell Ash and Laban Tree Ash in Brick Products Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Putra Gaustama , Prada Harira , Safriza Ima
Published: August 2024

UD. Pak Suandi is one of the UDs that produces and sells bricks. Many factors influence the quality of bricks, namely human resources, composition, and processing of raw materials. Brick making sometimes does not match the desired quality, there are often defects/cracks in the bricks. The method used in this research is the Taguchi method, where Taguchi is used to design efficient and effective experiments in identifying factors that influence brick quality, such as brick compressive strength, as well as to determine optimal settings of production parameters with the aim of maximizing brick quality. The results of this research show that the factors that have a significant influence are factors A (Clay) and D (Laban Tree Ash). The high SNR ANOVA value shows this. The optimal concentration settings are 1.40 kg of Clay, 45 ml of Water, 13 grams of Palm Ash and 14 grams of Laban Tree Ash. Where with the composition design, a compressive strength value of 9.73 MPa is obtained. The compressive strength obtained increased by 6.03 Mpa from the company's standard composition of 3.70 Mpa.
A review of testicular histopathology in nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Mostafa Taymour , Bocu Kadir , Malhotra Vineet
Published: August 2024

One major challenge in male factor infertility is nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), which is characterized by spermatozoa-deficient semen without physical duct blockage. This review offers a thorough overview of the histopathology of the testes in NOA cases, clarifying its complex etiology and emphasizing the possible value of histopathology inspection for both diagnosis and treatment. Variable histopathological findings have been linked to NOA, such as tubular hyalinization, Sertoli cell-only syndrome, hypospermatogenesis, and germ cell arrest. Understanding the pathophysiology and forecasting the effectiveness of treatment are further enhanced by both morphometric and ultrastructural analyses. The potential significance of testicular biopsy in forecasting reproductive outcomes is assessed, especially concerning assisted reproductive technologies like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Besides, testicular microlithiasis, serum hormone profiles, and testicular size are investigated concerning NOA histopathology. It is concluded that understanding the histopathological patterns in NOA is crucial for its accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Further research is still warranted to improve understanding of the complex pathophysiology underlying NOA.
A Pain Physician’s Perspective on Recent Advances in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Management
Authors: Kanthed Pravesh , Barasker Swapnil Kumar , Ravikumar C.M.
Published: August 2024

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent neurological complication linked to diabetes mellitus, exerting a substantial impact on the quality of life for those affected. This review article aims to discuss and review advances in the pain management of patients with DPN. We reviewed recent DPN management literature primarily from PubMed and SCOPUS using specific keywords, focusing on original research and recent advancements. The pathophysiology of DPN involves metabolic and vascular changes in nerve fibers, leading to direct damage and a decrease in their natural repair capacity. Effective glycemic control plays a central role in managing DPN, along with addressing other contributing factors such as comorbidities and lifestyle modifications. Nutraceuticals, including alpha-lipoic acid and Vitamin B12, have shown promising results in some studies. Antineuropathic agents such as calcium channel a2-δ ligands, serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and sodium channel blockers are commonly used in DPN pain management. Topical therapies, including capsaicin and lidocaine patches, have also demonstrated efficacy. Opioids are generally discouraged due to weak evidence and long-term deleterious side effects, along with the risk of addictive potential. Neuromodulation has emerged as a modality in resistant cases not responding to pharmacological management. Individualized treatment plans based on symptomatology, comorbidities, and side effect profiles should be developed for DPN patients. Comprehensive management of DPN involves a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing patient education, regular assessment, and counseling to prevent further damage and complications.
The Superficial Cervical Plexus Block with the Auriculotemporal Nerve Block for Breaking the Refractory Pain Cycle of Malignant Otitis Externa and Skull Base Meningitis
Authors: Ladhad Dharmesh Arvind , Mitragotri Milon Vasant
Published: August 2024

Pain can be a severe and distressing symptom in conditions such as malignant otitis externa (MOE) with the associated skull base meningitis and even more following the debridement surgeries done for the same. It can be refractory to conventional therapies, including weak opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antineuropathic medications. Breaking this cycle of pain is very important in such cases to achieve good pain control and treat the psychological distress of the patient. Since there is a lack of literature for achieving satisfactory pain control in such cases, we successfully adopted a novel approach to break the pain cycle by employing the superficial cervical plexus block and auriculotemporal nerve (ATN) nerve block as the area of pain was in the distribution of these two nerves.
Computed Tomography-Guided Facet Synovial Cyst Aspiration
Authors: Bangar Kashinath S , Page Nivedita Dilip , Bangar Gayatri , Kurhade Varsha
Published: August 2024

Lumbar facet joint cysts are the benign collections of fluid at or around the facet joints, which may lead to pain and radicular symptoms. They may be associated with spinal stenosis, nerve root compression, neurogenic claudication, and many other neurological disturbances, as they can encroach on the adjacent neural foramen. Although the recommended treatment is surgical excision, percutaneous interventions provide an effective, acceptable, and safe alternative that may be considered. Hereby, we present the case of a 78-year-old patient known diabetic, hypertensive, and with deranged renal function, with left-sided L5 radiculopathy due to an L4-5 facet synovial cyst. He was treated through computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous aspiration and got long-term relief. The technique we used was different from the regular facet cyst aspiration, and the precision offered by CT guidance helped us provide optimum treatment leading to long-term relief. Thus, tailor-made treatment options rather than standard protocols for all patients allow a better risk–benefit ratio, in the field of pain management.
Role of Lumbar Sympathetic MIPSI in Linezolid-induced Peripheral Neuropathy with Motor Dysfunction
Authors: Mody Rutvi Manoj , Deshmukh Prakash Rajendra , Godbole Shreyas S. , Ranade Manjiri Neelesh , Kothari Kailash M. , Bhargude Yogita M. , Manjunath K. M.
Published: August 2024

Linezolid is a Class A drug of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis whose use carries a considerable risk of toxicity. In this study, five patients of linezolid-induced peripheral neuropathy (LIPN) showed decreased great toe power in both lower limbs (LLs). The sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in pain and motor dysfunction associated with painful peripheral neuropathy. Therapeutic interventions targeted at the sympathetic nervous system are very uncommon. We have used pain detect score (PDS) for the assessment of neuropathic pain. However, none of the criteria in the PDS questionnaire include motor response, thus in patients with sensory-motor neuropathy, we assessed great toe power, which was 4/5 in all 5 patients before lumbar sympathetic minimally invasive pain and spine intervention (MIPSI). All patients had improved pain symptoms and great toe power 5/5 immediately postprocedure, with no slipping of chappals. Here, we are providing evidence and conclude that lumbar sympathetic MIPSI is an important modality of treatment in patients with LIPN with motor dysfunction.
A Randomized Controlled Study of Epidural Morphine Sulfate-soaked Gelfoam and Morphine Sulfate Instillation in the Management of Postoperative Pain following Lumbar Spinal Fixation Surgery
Authors: Bharadwaj Abhishek , Solanki Rekha Nileshbhai , Thakkar Jayshree , Dey Samarjit
Published: August 2024

Background:

Lumbar spinal fixation surgeries play a pivotal role in addressing pain which can be nociceptive, neuropathic, mixed, and nociplastic; however, these surgeries can also cause significant postoperative pain and discomfort, leading to prolonged hospital stays and delayed return to normal activity.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of the study was to provide effective postoperative analgesia and to compare the analgesic efficacy by application of Gelfoam-soaked morphine sulfate placed in the epidural space and direct instillation of morphine sulfate in the epidural space in patients undergoing lumbar spinal fixation surgery under general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 patients planned for Lumbar spinal fixation surgeries were selected and sorted into two groups of 30 each after a computer-based randomization. In Group G, a 5 cm × 1 cm piece of absorbable gelatin sponge soaked in 5 mg of morphine sulfate diluted in 0.9% normal saline up to 5 mL was placed in the epidural space. In Group I, 5 mg of morphine sulfate diluted in 0.9% normal saline 5 mL was instilled over the intact epidural space. Pulse rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were observed hourly for the first 6 h, then at 2 hourly intervals till 12 h, and at 4 hourly intervals till 48 h. Postoperatively, pain intensity is assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for 24 h, and the time of the first analgesic dose is noted. VAS ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Preoperative instructions were given to the patients about the use of VAS.

Results:

In this study, Group G demonstrated lower postoperative VAS scores and delayed need for rescue analgesia compared to Group I (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001, respectively). Group I had a higher total analgesic requirement (P < 0.0001) and consistently higher heart rates (P < 0.0001) compared to Group G. MAPs were lower in Group G compared to Group I (P < 0.0001). RRs, SpO2, sedation scores, and incidence of nausea and pruritus were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Epidural administration of morphine using Gelfoam as a vehicle for sustained release of morphine is a safe and effective method of postoperative analgesia in lumbar spinal fixation surgeries and results in better hemodynamics, prolonged duration of analgesia, and reduced requirement of rescue analgesics, compared to epidural instillation of morphine.
The role of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (doxycycline) in the treatment of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Mansour Ahmed E. , El Shahawy El-Metwaly L. , Ibrahim Mohamed E. , Shahat Mohammed M. , Younis Dina A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histological pattern used in clinical practice to define a podocytopathy that develops with nephrotic-range proteinuria and segmental obliteration or collapse of glomerular capillary loops with increased extracellular matrix in some glomeruli. The major concerns of idiopathic FSGS are the poor renal prognosis with an absence of response to immunosuppressive therapies or relapses and its recurrence after kidney transplantation in ⁓30–50% of patients, which leads to renal graft failure. The aim of this work is to study the possible role of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (doxycycline) in the treatment of primary FSGS.

Patients and methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 patients with FSGS. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: group 1: patients with FSGS under conventional therapy as a control group. Group 2: patients with FSGS under conventional therapy and doxycycline 100 mg/day for 3 months. Patients were closely monitored for treatment effects and adverse reactions. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters were assessed. Treatment outcomes, including remission of proteinuria and adverse effects, were evaluated.

Results

Group 2 showed significantly lower levels of triglycerides and fasting blood glucose compared with group 1. Doxycycline-related side effects were observed in some group 2 patients. Both groups showed increased hemoglobin levels and decreased C-reactive protein levels at follow-up. Kidney function tests improved in both groups, with group 2 demonstrating superior outcomes. Group 2 showed higher rates of improvement and lower incidence of end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis.

Conclusion

Adding doxycycline to conventional therapy holds promise for treating primary FSGS. Patients receiving combined therapy exhibited enhanced renal function, reduced proteinuria, and better treatment outcomes.
Evaluation of renal resistive index and new biomarkers in post-hepatitis C cirrhosis patients for developing kidney injury
Authors: Tony Effat A.E. , Abozaid Mohamed A.A. , Aziz Amal A. , Abdou Madleen Adel A. , Attia Noha M. , Othman Mostafa H. , Abass Wael A. , Mostafa Mohammad H.
Published: August 2024

Background

In liver cirrhosis, hemodynamic changes in splanchnic and systemic circulations are involved. Indeed, no established laboratory markers for altered renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis were implicated. The duplex Doppler waveform analysis of intrarenal arteriolar vessels is considered a noninvasive estimate of renovascular impedance and renal arterial vasoconstriction. In particular, the renal resistive index (RRI) is considered as the best reliable indicator of renal blood flow in patients with different diseases. The study aimed to evaluate RRI, serum and urinary cystatin C, beta-trace protein, liver fatty acid protein, and kidney injury molecule-I as noninvasive indicators of altered renal hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis with normal urea and creatinine.

Patients and methods

A case–control study included 60 patients with post-hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis and 40 healthy controls. Serum and urinary biomarkers were measured. Renal color Doppler duplex was used to evaluate RRI.

Results

Mean serum and urinary biomarkers in HCV patients were significantly higher than controls. Moreover, the RRI was higher in patients than in controls with P value less than 0.001. Rising levels of urea, high direct bilirubin, and hypoprothrombinemia with high serum kidney injury molecule 1 and RRI were significant independent predictors for subsequent kidney injury.

Conclusion

Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 is a reliable, sensitive, and specific biomarker for the prediction of kidney injury among HCV cirrhotic patients with an obvious superior test performance and specificity to e other biomarkers. An increase in serum kidney injury molecule 1 and RRI were associated with poor prognosis.
Factors Influencing Treatment Delays in Trauma Patients: A Three-delay Model Approach
Authors: Badkur Mayank , Kharkongor Marina , Sharma Naveen , Singh Saurabh , Khera Pushpinder , Puranik Ashok , Rodha Mahaveer Singh
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Identifying factors causing treatment delays is essential for guiding decisions on resource allocation within trauma systems. The three-delay model categorizes delays into: (i) deciding to seek medical care (Phase 1), (ii) recognizing the need for transporting to a medical facility (Phase 2), and (iii) receiving suitable and timely treatment (Phase 3). We seek to investigate factors influencing delays in trauma patients using the three-delay model.

Methods:

We conducted an 18-month prospective observational study at a tertiary hospital, involving consenting adults (age >18 years) admitted for various traumas. We conducted a detailed interview and extracted objective patient data from medical records using a predetermined form. We observed and analyzed factors influencing the duration of the three phases.

Results:

Phase 1 delays were observed in 83 patients, Phase 2 delays in 200 patients, and Phase 3 delays in 233 patients. In Phase 3 delays, a shortage of human resources was the most frequently identified cause of delay, affecting 68 out of 233 patients (29%). In severe trauma cases (injury severity score ≥16), any phase delay showed a significant association with poor outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The three-delay model offers a valuable framework for understanding and pinpointing the factors contributing to delays in both prehospital and inhospital services.
A Review on Iron-Refractory Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Thangavelu Sangeetha , Varsha T. , Mariappan Vignesh , Arumugam Vijaya Anand , Basavaraju Preethi
Published: August 2024

Anemia is a common and predominant blood disorder globally, in which the level of hemoglobin or healthy red blood cells are abnormally lower. The most common type of anemia is iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and the treatment is iron supplementation to the individuals. In some conditions, the iron supplementation does not alter the hemoglobin range, which means the iron given is not taken up by the body of the individual. This condition is found to be iron-refractory IDA (IRIDA). It is the genetic condition, in which the hepcidin, an iron regulatory hormone expression is altered. IRIDA is a rare genetic disorder, which is autosomal recessive in inheritance pattern. Hepcidin alteration blocks the iron absorption, which in turn causes anemic condition. The transmembrane protease serine 6 (TMPRSS6) gene is involved in negative regulation of hepcidin along with the encoding of matriptase-2 enzyme, which is crucial for iron balance in the human body. Matriptase-2 regulates the iron homeostasis by balancing the hepcidin hormone. The genetic polymorphisms in the TMPRSS6 gene result in this a rare type of anemic condition. Therefore, this review particularly focuses on the IRIDA and TMPRSS6 gene, hepcidin, and matriptase-2 enzyme. The review on IRIDA is being found to be important since the clear metabolism of hepcidin and matriptase-2 in iron metabolism are still unclear.
A Comparative Study of Central and Peripheral Arterial Parameters in Hypertensive Patients on Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers
Authors: Rao Kailas Laxman , Hazari Mohammed Abdul Hannan , Tazneem Bachi , Aziz Ahmed Abdul , Mohtesham Asiya , Afreen A. , Priyanka Kethavath
Published: August 2024

Aims:

Untreated or inappropriately managed hypertension (HTN) is a significant risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality due to its complications. For proper management of HTN, timely diagnosis and classification into appropriate category is crucial. According to hypertensive class category, pharmacological therapy can be initiated according to the national or international guidelines. Various antihypertensive medications have differential effects on peripheral and central arterial parameters. Our study was aimed at comparing the effects of two classes of antihypertensive drugs, i.e., angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs).

Materials and Methods:

Hypertensive patients on monotherapy – ARBs (Group 1, n = 35) and CCBs (Group 2, n = 35) – over the age of 18 years, belonging to both genders, were recruited.

Results:

Heart rate and peripheral and central arterial pressures were lower in Group 2 compared to Group 1; ankle brachial index and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were less in Group 1 in comparison with Group 2; but these differences were statistically not significant.

Conclusions:

We conclude that the two groups of drugs were equally effective in blood pressure reduction, both in central and peripheral arteries.
Economical Impact of Integration of Mental Health Services to Primary Care – A Review
Authors: Alrajhi Mahdi Mohammed , Alshahrani Saad Shebnan , Aman Mamdouh Mohammed , Binyamin Dalia Tarek , Alsaadawi Mansour Taysir , Almani Hassan Ahmed , Aldousari Nourah Yousef , Alghamdi Salem Hamdan , Alqahtani Saleh Mohammed
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

There are numerous people all across the world who are struggling with mental health (MH) conditions. There is a growing recognition of the significance of MH as a primary cause of disability with substantial effects on daily functioning. The Ministry of Health’s financial division oversees money with the Ministry of Finance’s approval. Thus, this review explores the economics of integrating MH services in a primary healthcare center (PHC) in Saudi Arabia (SA). The incorporation of MH services into basic medical care is required as it ensures that the general population has access to the necessary MH care and the likelihood of better health outcomes is raised when receiving treatment in PHCs. The majority of funds that are now allocated to the provision of MH care are used to pay the wages of MH professionals and paramedical staff members who are employed in mental hospitals, as well as to invest in the development of infrastructure and education of MH experts. A report found that MH expenditures accounted for 4% of the entire budget for health care. The expenditure for mental hospitals was 22% of the total for MH hospitals. The allocation of funds is integral for the PHCs to perform at their maximum potential in the MH domain. Thus, this review explores the economics of integrating MH services in a PHC in S SA.
Escape Rooms in Medical Education: Unlocking Realistic Simulated Clinical Scenarios Using Interprofessional Education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Joshi Abhishek
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The delivery of medical education is a complex process, considering the vast nature of the syllabus, and multiple competencies are needed to be attained by medical students. Escape rooms are an innovative approach to delivering medical education and provide an enriching learning experience for students. These rooms are designed to replicate clinical scenarios, and they provide a platform for students to apply their theoretical knowledge to clinical practice. The employment of escape rooms in medical education has been linked with multiple merits for the students and helps them to attain multiple competencies. The participants in escape rooms are generally from different disciplines, and as mentioned above, it gives a chance to students from varied disciplines to acknowledge the role of each specialty and understand the need that for successful healthcare delivery, all professionals have to work as a team. In other words, these room offers a wonderful opportunity for students to come out of discipline-level segregation and work together to ensure the delivery of comprehensive healthcare services. In conclusion, escape rooms have the potential to deliver experiential and contextual learning for students from different disciplines. As healthcare delivery is a multidisciplinary approach, there is an immense need to explore the possibility of running escape rooms along with students from other disciplines and together move forward across the complexities of clinical practice.
Integrating Serious Games into the Medical Curriculum: Recognizing Challenges and Exploring Remedies
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Salakay Elisa Nugraha Haryadi , Punit Fulzele
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Medical education is complex in nature, acknowledging the fact that the knowledge base is extremely vast and dynamic, and the number of skills that students must acquire during their period of training is also huge. The introduction of serious games in medical education delivery is actually a response to the ever-changing needs of medical education. In fact, the use of serious games in medical education has transformed the learning process and is an eye-catching illustration of a combination of technology and curriculum to strengthen the overall process of attainment of learning outcomes. Owing to the presence of the game factor, students remain motivated and highly engaged. Although medical educators engage themselves in the process of planning and implementation of such games, they are bound to face some challenges. To address these challenges, we must adopt a multipronged approach, including providing required infrastructure, strengthening faculty development programs, and measures to integrate these games into the existing curriculum. In conclusion, serious games are an effective and engaging addition to the teaching-learning methodologies in medical education. Acknowledging the merits of the same, there is an immense need to identify the potential challenges and then work strategically to overcome them and facilitate learning among medical students.
Estimating the Prevalence of Self-Medication Practices among a Representative Population of Medical Students
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Prabhakar Sujit , Telrandhe Shital
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In the domain of healthcare delivery, self medication (SM) is a widely prevalent form of health seeking behavior.

Objectives:

The current study has been planned with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of SM practices among medical students, and to assess the knowledge pertaining to SM among the study population.

Methods:

A cross sectional descriptive study will be conducted among a representative population of medical students in a rural medical college for a period of two months among 205 students. The data collection tool will be a pilot tested semi-structured questionnaire and will be used after obtaining written informed consent. The statistical analysis will be done using SPSS version 16.

Results:

Results will be presented using descriptive (frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (chi-square test) statistics.

Conclusion:

Considering the rising and alarming trends of antimicrobial resistance, it is our duty that we estimate the prevalence of SM among medical students and accordingly create awareness about not encouraging indiscriminate use of over the counter drugs.
Recurrent Aggressive Cementoblastoma – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Skariah George P. , Sarath S S , Valsaraj Kavya P. , Shahana Sherin , Pathak Abhishek , Basha Syed S.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Cementoblastoma is an odontogenic tumor of benign nature. It is of mesenchymal origin with a relatively low incidence of reappearance. Hereby we present a case report of a 14-year-old male patient with recurrent swelling on the right mandibular posterior region. Despite surgical removal of the tumor mass along with the right first molar, recurrence of the lesion was noticed. Hence, our report gives an insight on the treatment and management of the lesion by en-bloc resection on the right side of the mandible.
Comparative Assessment of the Effectiveness of Carbamazepine and Baclofen in the Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Sangamesh N. C. , Bajoria Atul A. , Mishra Silpiranjan , Behera Sharmila , Sahoo Sanjay K. , Bal Pratik Kumar
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of carbamazepine and baclofen in the medical management of trigeminal neuralgia.

Materials and Methods:

100 trigeminal neuralgia patients were randomly divided into two groups with 50 samples in each. Group A had patients treated with carbamazepine while Group B comprised of patients treated using baclofen. Follow-up was performed on the initial, 15 days, 1 month, and 3 months duration. The data was statistically evaluated.

Results:

Carbamazepine showed a “good response” in 54.39% of patients at initial follow-up, and adverse side effects increased in 20–29.49% of patients from the initial to 3-month duration. On the other hand, baclofen demonstrated a “good response” in 54.45% of patients at initial follow-up. At 800 mg, a “good response” was noted in 87.9% of patients, whereas 16.9% of patients had an “average response” and a “good response” after 1 month. At 3 months, 99.87% of patients showed a “good response.” Both groups showed similar success rates after 3 months.

Conclusion:

Adverse effects incidence and success were similar in both groups.
A Comparative Study on Levels of hs-CRP and Lipid Profile in Prediabetic and Normal Population
Authors: Bains Maneesh , Aloona Satpal , Singh Gurvinder , Bains Rajneesh
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to compare high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid profile levels between prediabetic and normal populations and explore correlations between hs-CRP and lipid profile in prediabetic individuals. The study was conducted among Group A comprising 75 prediabetic individuals, and Group B, which included 75 non-diabetic controls from the general population. Results showed that the mean hs-CRP level in Group A (1.717) significantly exceeded that of Group B (0.917) (p = 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive linear relationships between hs-CRP and lipid profile parameters, indicating that as total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) increased, hs-CRP also increased. A significant negative linear relationship was observed between hs-CRP and HDL. Moreover, a positive linear relationship existed between hs-CRP and glycemic parameters (fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)). It is concluded that elevated hs-CRP, an inflammatory marker, correlated with dysregulated lipid profiles, and glycemic parameters, indicating its potential role in assessing inflammation in prediabetic individuals and its association with dyslipidemia and glucose metabolism.
Comparative Evaluation of Serum Levels of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, and ESR in Chronic Periodontitis Among Smokers, Gutkha Chewers, and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Singh Deepshikha , Gupta Shruti , Goswami Arpita , Das Neelam , Singh Amit K. , Sarkar Saranik
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between periodontal disease severity, cigarette smoking, gutka chewing, and type 2 diabetes mellitus by estimating, correlating, and comparing blood levels of vitamin B12, folic acid, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional research study conducted at Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre in Kanpur involved 240 patients with chronic periodontitis, who also exhibited additional risk factors including smoking, gutkha chewing, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Divided into four groups of 60 individuals each, the study aimed to estimate and correlate blood levels of vitamin B12, folic acid, and ESR. Group I served as the control with chronic periodontitis patients, while Group II comprised chronic periodontitis patients who were smokers, Group III included those who chewed gutkha, and Group IV consisted of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical parameters were assessed, and patients were followed up to track any changes or correlations.

Result:

This research confirmed that low levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid are linked to inflammatory diseases such chronic periodontitis.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that type-2 diabetic and gutka chewer groups exhibited statistically higher periodontal disease severity, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies and elevated ESR compared to smokers and control groups.
Retrospective Review of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy Outcomes in Pediatric Patients: Complications and Recurrence Rates
Authors: Rao P Srinivas Narasinga , Ajmeera Raju Naik , Abhishek M P , Nalini M. Rama , Malik Kirti , Nelson Anish , Tiwari Rahul
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This retrospective review aimed to analyze the outcomes of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T and A) procedures in pediatric patients, focusing on complications and recurrence rates.

Methods:

Medical records of pediatric patients who underwent T and A were retrospectively reviewed. Data on patient demographics, preoperative indications, surgical techniques, intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, and recurrence rates were collected and analyzed.

Results:

A total of 240 pediatric patients were included in the study. Postoperative complications occurred with postoperative bleeding being the most common (5.2%). Other complications included infection (3.1%), respiratory compromise (1.7%), and velopharyngeal insufficiency (0.6%). Recurrence of tonsillitis and adenoiditis was observed in 6.7% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion:

This retrospective review provides valuable insights into the outcomes of T and A procedures in pediatric patients. Postoperative complications, including bleeding and infection, underscore the importance of meticulous surgical technique and postoperative care. Recurrence rates of tonsillitis and adenoiditis highlight the need for long-term follow-up and surveillance in pediatric patients undergoing T and A.
To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Dental Trauma and Its Management among School Teachers
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Khan Mohsin , Awate Shahabaj J. , Chauhan Minal , Kavitake Ranjeet D. , Singh Rudra P.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental traumas, particularly tooth avulsion, represent a significant dental emergency among children, frequently occurring in schools. The knowledge and immediate response of schoolteachers are crucial for the prognosis of such emergencies.

Materials and Methods:

This interventional study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of 248 primary school teachers in Rajasthan, India, regarding dental trauma management. Utilizing a questionnaire-based approach, the study was conducted in three phases: preintervention assessment, an informative 45-minute lecture, and a postintervention follow-up. Statistical significance was set at 5%, and the Chi-square test was employed for analysis.

Results:

The initial survey revealed a lack of knowledge among teachers regarding dental trauma management, with significant improvement observed in the follow-up phase post intervention. Over 90% of participants showed improved knowledge, with statistical significance (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The study highlights a notable deficiency in school teachers’ knowledge on dental trauma management initially, which significantly improved following an oral health promotion intervention. This underscores the effectiveness of educational programs in enhancing the management of dental emergencies by schoolteachers.
Evaluating the Long-Term Effects of Orthodontic Treatment on Facial Esthetics and Aging
Authors: Tanpure Vijaysinh R. , Palagiri Firoz B. , Wajekar Nimish A. , Pathak Snehal S. , Devaki Sathish B. , Shah Mithun J.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic treatment is known to significantly impact facial esthetics, but there is a lack of long-term studies examining its effects, particularly in conjunction with the natural aging process. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the enduring effects of orthodontic treatment on facial esthetics and aging over a 15-year period.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred orthodontic patients aged 12 to 25 at the start of treatment were included. Dental alignment, soft tissue transformations, skeletal changes, and patient-reported outcomes were measured objectively. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare pretreatment and post-treatment measurements.

Results:

Significant improvements were observed across various aspects following orthodontic treatment. Dental alignment showed a marked reduction in crowding, with an average decrease of 5.2 mm. Soft tissue transformations revealed notable advancements in lip positioning, averaging 3.8 mm, along with increased lip thickness. Skeletal changes were relatively modest, characterized by subtle alterations in chin positioning and mandibular angles. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction, reflected by an average score of 9.2 on the satisfaction scale. Despite treatment efficacy, the aging process continued to manifest natural changes in skin elasticity and fat distribution over the 15-year follow-up period. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of orthodontic outcomes and highlight the importance of considering long-term effects on facial esthetics and aging.

Conclusion:

This longitudinal study provides valuable insights into the long-term effects of orthodontic treatment on facial esthetics and aging. It highlights significant improvements in dental alignment and soft tissue transformations, along with sustained patient satisfaction. However, modest skeletal changes and the ongoing aging process emphasize the need for managing patient expectations. These findings can guide practitioners and patients in making informed decisions regarding orthodontic interventions.
Evaluation of Pain and Discomfort Associated with Orthodontic Adjustments
Authors: Mohanty Biswaroop , Chekka Manjunath , Sowmya Cherukupalli , Khurana Rattan , Manga Udayini Monica , Datla Praveen Kumar Varma , Somaraj Vinej
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic treatment is commonly associated with pain and discomfort, impacting patient experience and treatment compliance. Understanding the factors influencing pain perception is crucial for improving pain management strategies during orthodontic adjustments.

Methods:

Pain levels were assessed using a “Visual Analog Scale (VAS)” before and after each adjustment session. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted immediately post-adjustment. Statistical analyses were performed to compare mean pain scores before and after adjustments, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify common themes in qualitative data.

Results:

Quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in mean pain scores following orthodontic adjustments (P < 0.001). Qualitative analysis identified themes related to pain experiences, including anticipation of discomfort, adaptation over time, and coping strategies employed by patients.

Conclusion:

Orthodontic adjustments induce varying levels of pain and discomfort among patients. By integrating quantitative and qualitative assessments, this study provides comprehensive insights into patient experiences during orthodontic treatment, informing strategies for pain management and patient care.
Evaluation of Post-Operative Pain and Healing in Single-Visit versus Multiple-Visit Root Canal Therapy
Authors: Mirza Mubashir Baig , Cherukuri Prasanthi , Mathew Tony , Bagewadi Nagaratna , Krishna Vamshi V , Chohan Hitesh , Thakkar Radhika
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

“Root canal therapy (RCT)” is a common endodontic procedure targeted at preserving teeth compromised by pulp infection. The debate over the optimal number of visits for RCT remains inconclusive, with single- and multiple-visit approaches both being advocated.

Methods:

A prospective research was conducted on 100 subjects undergoing RCT at a tertiary care center. Subjects were randomly ascribed to the single-/multiple-visit group. Post-operative pain was assessed using a “visual analog scale,” and healing outcomes were evaluated through peri-apical radiographs.

Results:

Post-operative pain levels were comparable between the single- and multiple-visit clusters at all time points. However, healing outcomes differed significantly, with a higher percentage of healed cases observed in the single-visit group compared to the multiple-visit group.

Conclusion:

While both single-visit and multiple-visit RCT protocols resulted in similar post-operative pain levels, the single-visit approach demonstrated superior healing outcomes. These findings emphasize the need for personalized treatment approaches based on patient characteristics and clinical considerations in endodontic practice.
Retrospective Analysis of Treatment Outcomes and Survival Rates in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Kukreja Pankaj , Grewal Raman , Tejaswee Annaluru Sri Sasank , Sharma Sanjeev , Maini Anuj Paul , Chandran Thara , Gulia Sunil Kumar
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Because of its high rates of morbidity and death, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses a serious threat to world health. To maximize patient care and direct clinical decision-making, it is important to comprehend treatment results and survival rates.

Methods:

Treatment results and survival rates for OSCC patients treated at a tertiary care facility between 2010 and 2022 were assessed in this retrospective research. Demographic data, tumor features, treatment options, and follow-up results were all included in the data. The relationships between treatment methods and survival rates were evaluated by statistical analysis.

Results:

There were 107 OSCC patients in all. Compared to radiation and chemotherapy, surgery had reduced recurrence rates and greater overall survival rates as the most common treatment option. There were notable variations in survival rates across the various treatment regimens (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Surgery is the mainstay. Adjuvant treatments, however, are complementary in the management of illness. The significance of customized treatment strategies based on unique patient attributes and tumor features is highlighted by this study in order to maximize results for patients with OSCC. To confirm these results and investigate cutting-edge treatment approaches, more investigation is necessary.