bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘No-one is free from parliament’: the worship and doctrine measure in parliament, 1974
Authors: White Gavin
Published: March 2016

In retrospect, we may agree that the prayer book crisis of 1927 and 1928 was not as critical as it seemed at the time, but it did leave unfinished business for a future generation. The draft prayer book of the Church of England had been rejected by parliament, and if any saner revision of that church’s worship proved acceptable to the church it would still have to be approved by parliament.

Gregory Dix, who worried about these things more than was good for him, expressed a common opinion in 1945. He felt that any return to parliament would be fatal, since ‘the debate would inevitably circle around’ the real presence in the eucharist, and instead he suggested that the church should ‘not directly challenge parliament at all’ but quietly institute a new book backed by about seven bishops at ‘a moment when parliament was pre-occupied’. This was not done. By the time the Church of England had some idea of how it wanted to pray, the debate about real presence was almost irrelevant. Furthermore, bishops were no longer the natural people to put forward a new book, though some of them did not know it. What was actually done was to slip in alternative series of eucharistic rites by liturgical scholars whose work was in fact revised at a more popular level. Their series 1, giving what so many were supposed to have wanted in 1927, was almost totally ignored. It proved something of a surprise to everyone that an overwhelming majority of parishes preferred series 2 and then series 3, despite or because of their uninspired prose. If the 1662 book of common prayer was almost totally abandoned in many areas, this was neither intended nor expected.
Modern Spain: the project of a national Catholicism
Authors: Lannon Frances
Published: March 2016

The inseparability of national identity and Catholicism in modern Spain has never been more pugnaciously and confidently affirmed than in the provocative hyperbole of Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo. ‘Spain, evangeliser of half the globe; Spain, hammer of heretics, light of Trent, sword of Rome, cradle of Saint Ignatius . . .; that is our greatness and our unity: we have no other’. This uncompromising statement undoubtedly owes some of its stridency to the age of the author when he wrote it—he was twenty-five—and something to his abiding convictions and temperament. But one does not have to search very assiduously this most famous defence of catholic orthodoxy as the source of Spanish grandeur in order to realise that Menéndez y Pelayo’s fervour and language are both sharpened by nostalgia. Volumes six and seven of his history of Spanish heterodoxy which trace the history of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries constitute one long lament for lost catholic unity, lost cultural homogeneity and, lost with them, an irretrievable simplicity and clarity of national self-definition. When he wrote his eloquent and audacious lament in the early 1880s he was well aware that the uniformity of religious belief which he had unhesitatingly discerned beneath minor, and usually imported, heterodoxy in earlier Spanish history already belonged irrecuperably to the past. Moreover, he found himself as many lesser followers were also to do in the uncomfortably Canute-like position of opposing the uncontrollable while asserting an ideal which had to be articulated as a series of negative and necessarily unsatisfactory defensive reactions.
Religion and national identity in Yugoslavia
Authors: Alexander Stella
Published: March 2016

Religion in Yugoslavia is a divisive, not a unifying force. The country is a federation of republics inhabited by six different nationalities which are historically identified with three great religious confessions, catholicism, orthodoxy, and islam. The pattern is complex and dense, the assumptions and reflex actions of the human beings who make up these communities are deeply rooted in centuries of history, and nationalism and religion are proving tougher than ideology. My paper therefore must start by describing this mixture, this macédoine, if one may borrow a culinary expression which itself derives from one of the component territories of these lands.
The case of Berengar of Tours
Authors: Gibson Margaret
Published: March 2016

For he called pope Leo IX not pontifex but pompifex and pulpifex; the Roman Church a council of vanity, the church of the malignant; and the Apostolic See the seat of Satan.’ This hostile epitaph, and more in the same vein, was written in 1088, the year that Berengar died. They are perhaps unequal crimes: to call even a scion of the German aristocracy ‘not pope but a maker of pomp’ or (worse still) ‘pulp’, and to reject the entire Roman Church as an institution. The charges are based on Lanfranc’s indictment of twenty-five years before: that Berengar had ignored the judgements of pope and council and despised the testimony of the faithful throughout the ages, saying that in himself and his followers only was the true Church to be found on earth.
Viri religiosi and the York election dispute
Authors: Baker Derek
Published: March 2016

Any discussion of the conciliar assemblies and decisions of the Church is likely to consider things from the centre—to enumerate those present, to distinguish the issues, arguments, and protagonists, and to emphasize the final decisions. Perhaps, indeed, to over-emphasize them, for there is a tendency to assume that what was decreed at Rome was rapidly implemented in the provinces. Often, of course, this was the case, and the speed with which the decisions of the Third Lateran Council were disseminated is striking testimony to the ability of the twelfth-century Papacy to publicize its policies. The Papacy developed rapidly, however, in the middle years of the twelfth century, and it is dangerous to assume that what was true of the pontificate of Alexander III can also be applied to that of Innocent II. It may therefore be useful to look closely at a major provincial dispute from the first half of the twelfth century, and to attempt to determine how decisively regional practice was affected by papal decrees in one particular instance.
The Byzantine reaction to the Second Council of Lyons, 1274
Authors: Nicol Donald M.
Published: March 2016

On Friday 6 July 1274 the reunion of the Greek and Roman Churches was solemnly proclaimed at the Second Council of Lyons. It was a great occasion, and an occasion of great rejoicing for Pope Gregory X who had convened the assembly. In some ways the Greeks, or the Byzantines, had responded to his invitation rather more satisfactorily than his own people. For of the thirteen crowned heads of western Europe who had been invited to attend only one had found it possible to accept. But the Byzantine Emperor from distant Constantinople had sent his own representative in the person of his Grand Logothete George Akropolites; and with him had come a former Patriarch of Constantinople, Germanos, and the Metropolitan of Nicaea, Theophanes. The Council had opened at Lyons in May 1274. But the Byzantine legates had been delayed by shipwreck on their long journey, and it was not until 24 June that they reached their destination. They were welcomed with the kiss of peace by the Pope and all his cardinals and presented the sealed documents that they had brought with them from the Emperor Michael Palaiologos and from the Byzantine clergy.
The Representation of the universitas fidelium in the councils of the conciliar period
Authors: Gill Joseph
Published: March 2016

The Council of Pisa was the fruit of a long period of gestation. Intermittently over centuries canonists had discussed where in various contingencies the supreme authority in the Church lay—with the pope, the cardinals, the universitas fidelium in a general council. Twice in the fourteenth century theory was nearly tested by practice, when Philip the Fair opposed Boniface VIII and when Louis of Bavaria faced John XXII. The final challenge was given by the Great Schism. Begun in 1378 it dragged on for decades, causing irreparable damage to Christian Europe. Neither of the rival ‘popes’ showed any genuine goodwill to end it. So others, particularly in France, lent a hand. When Benedict XIII in Avignon refused the via cessionis (abdication) and paid only lip-service to the via discussionis, the court of Paris withdrew its obedience and the theologians of the French universities justified the royal action.
Nicholas Ryssheton and the Council of Pisa, 1409
Authors: Harvey Margaret
Published: March 2016

In November 1408 Henry IV finally decided that England would support the Council of Pisa, called by the cardinals in defiance of the rival popes in the Great Schism. The decision seems to have met little opposition, but it must have involved at least some readjustment of ideas for Englishmen. There were of course good traditional arguments in favour of the Council, and we know now that the Government had not always taken a rigidly pro-Roman stand in moves to end the Schism, but Henry’s English ecclesiastical contemporaries at least had been used to a policy which supported the Roman pope and which insisted that if a Council were called, only their pope (Gregory XII) could call it. In accepting Pisa they were accepting a Council which would proceed whether or not he supported it, and a policy knowingly designed to secure his removal, with or without his consent.
Some aspects of English representation at the Council of Basle
Authors: Schofield A. N. E. D.
Published: March 2016

In several papers already published I have attempted to provide an account of English relations with the Council of Basle and of the English role within the Council; in the course of these studies I have also tried to identify as many as possible of the Englishmen who can be traced at Basle during this period. There is room, however, for a few further observations, and I trust that these will prove a useful supplement to my earlier work.

Of the two delegations that went to the Council from England, the first arrived early in 1433 and stayed only a few months, the second went in 1434 and was present for about a year until mid-1435. Both were despatched from England as the result of missions from the Council to this country led by Gerardo Landriani, the Bishop of Lodi. On each occasion the king’s council resolved to send representatives to Basle and the Convocation of Canterbury then decided likewise.
King James I’s call for an ecumenical council
Authors: Patterson W. B.
Published: March 2016

King James I was not, in the commonly accepted view, a reconciler of religious differences. Yet there is considerable evidence from the first years of his reign in England—the very period of the Hampton Court Conference, which established for him a reputation of intolerance—that James was actively interested in reconciling religious differences. Surviving documents reveal, moreover, that he had a plan for attaining this objective, the essential feature of which was a proposal that an ecumenical council be convened, representing both Rome and the major Reformation traditions.
ON THE DYNAMIC EFFICIENCY OF BALANCED GROWTH PATHS IN AN ENDOGENOUS GROWTH SETTING
Authors: Del Rey Elena , Lopez-Garcia Miguel-Angel
Published: March 2016

In overlapping-generations economies with life-cycle saving and exogenous growth, the laissez-faire equilibrium balanced growth path fails in general to achieve optimality, but is dynamically efficient if the marginal product of physical capital is greater than the growth rate of the economy. In this paper, we accommodate the concept of dynamic (in)efficiency in an overlapping-generations economy with endogenous growth due to human capital accumulation. We show that the condition that the marginal product of physical capital is larger than the growth rate of the economy is necessary but no longer sufficient for the dynamic efficiency of the laissez-faire equilibrium balanced growth path.
-INDISTINGUISHABILITY ON EIGENVARIETIES
Authors: Ludwig Judith
Published: March 2016

In this article, we construct examples of$L$-indistinguishable overconvergent eigenforms for an inner form of$\text{SL}_{2}$.
Great Mysteries of the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Sitnov Mikhail , Merkin Viacheslav , Raeder Joachim
Published: March 2016

Workshop on Magnetotail Reconnection Onset and Dipolarization Fronts; Laurel, Maryland, 16–18 September 2015
Glacial Meltwater Features Depend on Glacier Type and Location
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: March 2016

With climate change, some glaciers will melt faster than others, altering the proportions of nutrients in meltwater and changing downstream ecosystems.
Effect of theory of mind and peer victimization on the schizotypy–aggression relationship
Authors: Lam Bess Y H , Raine Adrian , Lee Tatia M C
Published: March 2016

Prior longitudinal studies have established the relationship between schizophrenia and violence. However, previous studies on aggression and schizotypal personality are scarce. The present study examines whether peer victimization mediates the relationship between schizotypy and reactive-proactive aggression, and whether theory of mind (ToM) moderates this mediation. Schizotypy, peer victimization, reactive-proactive aggression, and ToM were assessed in 237 undergraduates. Peer victimization mediated the relationship between schizotypy and reactive aggression. ToM moderated this mediation effect; although peer victimization partially explains the schizotypy–aggression relationship, higher ToM skills weakened the detrimental effect of schizotypy on peer victimization which in turn reduces reactive aggression. In contrast, the moderated mediation was not significant for the proactive aggression model. Findings help delineate the underlying mechanism of the relationship between schizotypy and aggression. It is suggested that aggression could be reduced by enhancing ToM skills, thereby reducing peer victimization and the resultant schizotypy.
Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid
Authors: Collado Maria Carmen , Rautava Samuli , Aakko Juhani , Isolauri Erika , Salminen Seppo
Published: March 2016

Interaction with intestinal microbes in infancy has a profound impact on health and disease in later life through programming of immune and metabolic pathways. We collected maternal faeces, placenta, amniotic fluid, colostrum, meconium and infant faeces samples from 15 mother-infant pairs in an effort to rigorously investigate prenatal and neonatal microbial transfer and gut colonisation. To ensure sterile sampling, only deliveries at full term by elective caesarean section were studied. Microbiota composition and activity assessment by conventional bacterial culture, 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, quantitative PCR, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the placenta and amniotic fluid harbour a distinct microbiota characterised by low richness, low diversity and the predominance of Proteobacteria. Shared features between the microbiota detected in the placenta and amniotic fluid and in infant meconium suggest microbial transfer at the foeto-maternal interface. At the age of 3–4 days, the infant gut microbiota composition begins to resemble that detected in colostrum. Based on these data, we propose that the stepwise microbial gut colonisation process may be initiated already prenatally by a distinct microbiota in the placenta and amniotic fluid. The link between the mother and the offspring is continued after birth by microbes present in breast milk.
Hybrid metamaterial switching for manipulating chirality based on VO2 phase transition
Authors: Lv T. T. , Li Y. X. , Ma H. F. , Zhu Z. , Li Z. P. , Guan C. Y. , Shi J. H. , Zhang H. , Cui T. J.
Published: March 2016

Polarization manipulations of electromagnetic waves can be obtained by chiral and anisotropic metamaterials routinely, but the dynamic and high-efficiency modulations of chiral properties still remain challenging at the terahertz range. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a new scheme for realizing thermal-controlled chirality using a hybrid terahertz metamaterial with embedded vanadium dioxide (VO2) films. The phase transition of VO2 films in 90° twisted E-shaped resonators enables high-efficiency thermal modulation of linear polarization conversion. The asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized wave and circular dichroism simultaneously exhibit a pronounced switching effect dictated by temperature-controlled conductivity of VO2 inclusions. The proposed hybrid metamaterial design opens exciting possibilities to achieve dynamic modulation of terahertz waves and further develop tunable terahertz polarization devices.
Velocity distribution in active particles systems
Authors: Marconi Umberto Marini Bettolo , Gnan Nicoletta , Paoluzzi Matteo , Maggi Claudio , Di Leonardo Roberto
Published: March 2016

We derive an analytic expression for the distribution of velocities of multiple interacting active particles which we test by numerical simulations. In clear contrast with equilibrium we find that the velocities are coupled to positions. Our model shows that, even for two particles only, the individual velocities display a variance depending on the interparticle separation and the emergence of correlations between the velocities of the particles. When considering systems composed of many particles we find an analytic expression connecting the overall velocity variance to density, at the mean-field level, and to the pair distribution function valid in the limit of small noise correlation times. Finally we discuss the intriguing analogies and main differences between our effective free energy functional and the theoretical scenario proposed so far for phase-separating active particles.
Selector-free resistive switching memory cell based on BiFeO3 nano-island showing high resistance ratio and nonlinearity factor
Authors: Jeon Ji Hoon , Joo Ho-Young , Kim Young-Min , Lee Duk Hyun , Kim Jin-Soo , Kim Yeon Soo , Choi Taekjib , Park Bae Ho
Published: March 2016

Highly nonlinear bistable current-voltage (I–V) characteristics are necessary in order to realize high density resistive random access memory (ReRAM) devices that are compatible with cross-point stack structures. Up to now, such I–V characteristics have been achieved by introducing complex device structures consisting of selection elements (selectors) and memory elements which are connected in series. In this study, we report bipolar resistive switching (RS) behaviours of nano-crystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) nano-islands grown on Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrates, with large ON/OFF ratio of 4,420. In addition, the BFO nano-islands exhibit asymmetric I–V characteristics with high nonlinearity factor of 1,100 in a low resistance state. Such selector-free RS behaviours are enabled by the mosaic structures and pinned downward ferroelectric polarization in the BFO nano-islands. The high resistance ratio and nonlinearity factor suggest that our BFO nano-islands can be extended to an N × N array of N = 3,740 corresponding to ~107 bits. Therefore, our BFO nano-island showing both high resistance ratio and nonlinearity factor offers a simple and promising building block of high density ReRAM.
Soil warming enhances the hidden shift of elemental stoichiometry by elevated CO2 in wheat
Authors: Li Xiangnan , Jiang Dong , Liu Fulai
Published: March 2016

Increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and associated soil warming along with global climate change are expected to have large impacts on grain mineral nutrition in wheat. The effects of CO2 elevation (700 μmol l−1) and soil warming (+2.4 °C) on K, Ca and Mg concentrations in the xylem sap and their partitioning in different organs of wheat plant during grain filling were investigated. Results showed that the combination of elevated [CO2] and soil warming improved wheat grain yield, but decreased plant K, Ca and Mg accumulation and their concentrations in the leaves, stems, roots and grains. The reduced grain mineral concentration was attributed to the lowered mineral uptake as exemplified by both the decreased stomatal conductance and mineral concentration in the xylem sap. These findings suggest that future higher atmospheric [CO2] and warmer soil conditions may decrease the dietary availability of minerals from wheat crops. Breeding wheat cultivars possessing higher ability of mineral uptake at reduced xylem flux in exposure to climate change should be a target.
Integrating computational and chemical biology tools in the discovery of antiangiogenic small molecule ligands of FGF2 derived from endogenous inhibitors
Authors: Foglieni Chiara , Pagano Katiuscia , Lessi Marco , Bugatti Antonella , Moroni Elisabetta , Pinessi Denise , Resovi Andrea , Ribatti Domenico , Bertini Sabrina , Ragona Laura , Bellina Fabio , Rusnati Marco , Colombo Giorgio , Taraboletti Giulia
Published: March 2016

The FGFs/FGFRs system is a recognized actionable target for therapeutic approaches aimed at inhibiting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. We previously identified a non-peptidic compound (SM27) that retains the structural and functional properties of the FGF2-binding sequence of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a major endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. Here we identified new small molecule inhibitors of FGF2 based on the initial lead. A similarity-based screening of small molecule libraries, followed by docking calculations and experimental studies, allowed selecting 7 bi-naphthalenic compounds that bound FGF2 inhibiting its binding to both heparan sulfate proteoglycans and FGFR-1. The compounds inhibit FGF2 activity in in vitro and ex vivo models of angiogenesis, with improved potency over SM27. Comparative analysis of the selected hits, complemented by NMR and biochemical analysis of 4 newly synthesized functionalized phenylamino-substituted naphthalenes, allowed identifying the minimal stereochemical requirements to improve the design of naphthalene sulfonates as FGF2 inhibitors.
Global spatial ecology of three closely-related gadfly petrels
Authors: Ramos Raül , Ramírez Iván , Paiva Vitor H. , Militão Teresa , Biscoito Manuel , Menezes Dília , Phillips Richard A. , Zino Francis , González-Solís Jacob
Published: March 2016

The conservation status and taxonomy of the three gadfly petrels that breed in Macaronesia is still discussed partly due to the scarce information on their spatial ecology. Using geolocator and capture-mark-recapture data, we examined phenology, natal philopatry and breeding-site fidelity, year-round distribution, habitat usage and at-sea activity of the three closely-related gadfly petrels that breed in Macaronesia: Zino’s petrel Pterodroma madeira, Desertas petrel P. deserta and Cape Verde petrel P. feae. All P. feae remained around the breeding area during their non-breeding season, whereas P. madeira and P. deserta dispersed far from their colony, migrating either to the Cape Verde region, further south to equatorial waters in the central Atlantic, or to the Brazil Current. The three taxa displayed a clear allochrony in timing of breeding. Habitat modelling and at-sea activity patterns highlighted similar environmental preferences and foraging behaviours of the three taxa. Finally, no chick or adult was recaptured away from its natal site and survival estimates were relatively high at all study sites, indicating strong philopatry and breeding-site fidelity for the three taxa. The combination of high philopatry, marked breeding asynchrony and substantial spatio-temporal segregation of their year-round distribution suggest very limited gene flow among the three taxa.
Stimulus-dependent synchronization in delayed-coupled neuronal networks
Authors: Esfahani Zahra G. , Gollo Leonardo L. , Valizadeh Alireza
Published: March 2016

Time delay is a general feature of all interactions. Although the effects of delayed interaction are often neglected when the intrinsic dynamics is much slower than the coupling delay, they can be crucial otherwise. We show that delayed coupled neuronal networks support transitions between synchronous and asynchronous states when the level of input to the network changes. The level of input determines the oscillation period of neurons and hence whether time-delayed connections are synchronizing or desynchronizing. We find that synchronizing connections lead to synchronous dynamics, whereas desynchronizing connections lead to out-of-phase oscillations in network motifs and to frustrated states with asynchronous dynamics in large networks. Since the impact of a neuronal network to downstream neurons increases when spikes are synchronous, networks with delayed connections can serve as gatekeeper layers mediating the firing transfer to other regions. This mechanism can regulate the opening and closing of communicating channels between cortical layers on demand.
Enhanced all-optical modulation in a graphene-coated fibre with low insertion loss
Authors: Zhang Haojie , Healy Noel , Shen Li , Huang Chung Che , Hewak Daniel W. , Peacock Anna C.
Published: March 2016

Graphene is a highly versatile two-dimensional material platform that offers exceptional optical and electrical properties. Of these, its dynamic conductivity and low effective carrier mass are of particular interest for optoelectronic applications as they underpin the material’s broadband nonlinear optical absorption and ultra-fast carrier mobility, respectively. In this paper, we utilize these phenomena to demonstrate a high-speed, in-fibre optical modulator developed on a side-polished optical fibre platform. An especially low insertion loss (<1 dB) was achieved by polishing the fibre to a near atomically smooth surface (<1 nm RMS), which minimized scattering and ensured excellent contact between the graphene film and the fibre. In order to enhance the light-matter interaction, the graphene film is coated with a high index polyvinyl butyral layer, which has the added advantage of acting as a barrier to the surrounding environment. Using this innovative approach, we have fabricated a robust and stable all-fibre device with an extinction ratio as high as 9 dB and operation bandwidth of 0.5 THz. These results represent a key step towards the integration of low-dimensional materials within standard telecoms networks.
Switching between cis and trans anions of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole: a molecular rotation perturbed by chemical stabilization
Authors: Sahu Saugata , Das Minati , Krishnamoorthy G.
Published: March 2016

The unstable cis-anion which is prone to rotation (to form trans-anion) was obtained by proper stabilization.
Highly photoluminescent nitrogen-rich carbon dots from melamine and citric acid for the selective detection of iron(iii) ion
Authors: Liu Shaoqing , Liu Ruili , Xing Xia , Yang Chongqing , Xu Yi , Wu Dongqing
Published: March 2016

A hydrothermal strategy towards nitrogen-rich carbon dots with a high quantum yield of ∼42% has been successfully developed by using melamine and citric acid as the precursors.
Multicolor ELISA based on alkaline phosphatase-triggered growth of Au nanorods
Authors: Li Yanyan , Ma Xiaoming , Xu Zhengming , Liu Meihua , Lin Zhenyu , Qiu Bin , Guo Longhua , Chen Guonan
Published: March 2016

In this work, seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs) is demonstrated for multicolor biosensing for the first time.
Differently sized magnetic/upconversion luminescent NaGdF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals: flow synthesis and solvent effects
Authors: Jiao Mingxia , Jing Lihong , Liu Chunyan , Hou Yi , Huang Jiayi , Wei Xiaojun , Gao Mingyuan
Published: March 2016

Monodisperse magnetic/upconversion luminescent NaGdF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals were flow synthesized using a low boiling point solvent-mediated strategy.
A low-energy chilled ammonia process exploiting controlled solid formation for post-combustion CO2capture
Authors: Sutter Daniel , Gazzani Matteo , Mazzotti Marco
Published: March 2016

A new ammonia-based process for CO2capture from flue gas has been developed, which utilizes the formation of solid ammonium bicarbonate to increase the CO2concentration in the regeneration section of the process. Precipitation, separation, and dissolution of the solid phase are realized in a dedicated process section, while the packed absorption and desorption columns remain free of solids. Additionally, the CO2wash section applies solid formation to enable a reduction of the wash water consumption. A rigorous performance assessment employing the SPECCA index (Specific Primary Energy Consumption for CO2Avoided) has been implemented to allow for a comparison of the overall energy penalty between the new process and a standard ammonia-based capture process without solid formation. A thorough understanding of the relevant solid–solid–liquid–vapor phase equilibria and an accurate modeling of them have enabled the synthesis of the process, and have inspired the development of the optimization algorithm used to screen a wide range of operating conditions in equilibrium-based process simulations. Under the assumptions on which the analysis is based, the new process with controlled solid formation achieved a SPECCA of 2.43 MJ kgCO2−1, corresponding to a reduction of 17% compared to the process without solid formation (with a SPECCA of 2.93 MJ kgCO2−1). Ways forward to confirm this significant improvement, and to increase the accuracy of the optimization are also discussed.
K2CO3-promoted formation of aryl esters from primary aryl amides by the acyl–acyl exchange process
Authors: Bian Yongjun , Qu Xingyu
Published: March 2016

A new acyl–acyl exchange reaction has been developed for the formation of aryl esters from primary aryl amides. The reaction could occur under mild reaction conditions with catalytic quantities of K2CO3, and could afford moderate to good yields of the desired products.
A biocatalytic approach to capuramycin analogues by exploiting a substrate permissive N-transacylase CapW
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Jin Yuanyuan , Cai Wenlong , Green Keith D. , Goswami Anwesha , Garneau-Tsodikova Sylvie , Nonaka Koichi , Baba Satoshi , Funabashi Masanori , Yang Zhaoyong , Van Lanen Steven G.
Published: March 2016

The synthesis of 43 capuramycin analogues via a one-step aminolysis reaction.
A molecular receptor for zwitterionic phenylalanine
Authors: Herrero Francisco Gómez , Rubio Omayra H. , Monleón Laura M. , Fuentes de Arriba Ángel L. , Rubio Luís Simón , Morán Joaquín R.
Published: March 2016

Extraction of zwitterionic phenylalanine from water to chloroform has been achieved with a chiral apolar benzofuran receptor.
Dual-functional α-NaYb(Mn)F4:Er3+@NaLuF4nanocrystals with highly enhanced red upconversion luminescence
Authors: Xu Xia , Zhang Peng , Yuan Qinghai , Lei Pengpeng , Dong Lile , Wang Zhuo , Liu Xiuling , Song Shuyan , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: March 2016

Excellent dual-functional nanoprobes α-NaYb(Mn)F4:Er3+@NaLuF4UCNPs for efficientin vivoNIR-to-red UCL deep tissue and CT imaging.
Electrochemistry and structure of Li-rich cathode composites: Li1.26Fe0.22Mn0.52O2in situ integrated with conductive network-graphene oxide for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Yujuan , Wang Yang , Ji Changwei , Zhao Zongkui , Lv Zhi
Published: March 2016

Novel designed graphene oxide integrated Li rich cathode composites obtained by an in situ method.
Microstructures, mechanical and tribological properties of VN films deposited by PLD technique
Authors: Guo Hongjian , Li Bo , Wang Jianyi , Chen Wenyuan , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Wenzhen , Jia Junhong
Published: March 2016

Consistent stoichiometric FCC structured vanadium nitride films were fabricated by plused laser deposition technique at room temperature and 300 °C, and their microstructures, mechanical and tribological properties were investigated.
Alkynylation/dearomatizative cyclization to construct spiro[5.5]undecanes
Authors: Shao Jidong , Li Liqi , Zhang Jie , Hu Jingping , Xue Jijun , Li Ying
Published: March 2016

A one-pot process to construct spiro[5.5]undecanes.
Catalytic performance and deoxygenation path of methyl palmitate on Ni2P/SiO2 synthesized using the thermal decomposition of nickel hypophosphite
Authors: Guan Qingxin , Han Fei , Li Wei
Published: March 2016

Catalytic performance and deoxygenation path of methyl palmitate on Ni2P/SiO2 catalysts were systematically studied in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor.
High transparency and toughness PMMA nanocomposites toughened by self-assembled 3D loofah-like gel networks: fabrication, mechanism, and insight into the in situ polymerization process
Authors: He Huiwen , Chen Si , Bai Jun , Zheng Haiming , Wu Bozhen , Ma Meng , Shi Yanqin , Wang Xu
Published: March 2016

Novel transparent PMMA composites were toughened with 3D loofah-like gel networks obtained via in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate gel with POSS-based supramolecular POSS-Lys(BOC) gelators.
Bionanocomposite from self-assembled building blocks of nacre-like crystalline polymorph of chitosan with clay nanoplatelets
Authors: Sarin Sergey , Kolesnikova Sophia , Postnova Irina , Ha Chang-Sik , Shchipunov Yury
Published: March 2016

Films containing a new crystalline polymorph are prepared by a one-pot technique combining the formation of building blocks of clay nanoplatelets with chitosan macromolecules and their evaporation-induced self-assembly.
Infiltration of VOPcPhO into porous alumina template grown by in situ method
Authors: Mohd Halizan Muhammad Zharfan , Ahmad Makinudin Abdullah Haaziq , Supangat Azzuliani
Published: March 2016

In this study, the fabrication of in situ anodic alumina template (AAO) directly onto glass substrate is realized by varying stirring speeds and molarity of phosphoric acid.
A 3D graphene-supported MoS2 nanosphere and nanosheet heterostructure as a highly efficient free-standing hydrogen evolution electrode
Authors: Wang Xuewan
Published: March 2016

A free-standing electrocatalytic electrode was synthesized by uniformly depositing cross-distributed MoS2 nanospheres and nanosheets on a 3D graphene foam, which exhibited superior performance for hydrogen evolution.
A facile way to fabricate pH-sensitive charge-conversion polymeric nanoparticles with tunable pH conversion point
Authors: Cai Guoqiang , Mao Congxing
Published: March 2016

pH-Sensitive charge-conversion polymeric nanoparticles could significantly enhance drug bioavailability due to improved tumor cell internalization.
Translation of P = kT into a pictorial external representation by high school seniors
Authors: Matijašević Igor , Korolija Jasminka N. , Mandić Ljuba M.
Published: March 2016

This paper describes the results achieved by high school seniors on an item which involves translation of the equationP=kTinto a corresponding pictorial external representation. The majority of students (the classes of 2011, 2012 and 2013) did not give the correct answer to the multiple choice part of the translation item. They chose pictorial representations of the other gas laws (P=k/V, orV=kT) instead. Failure to choose the correct answer was surprising considering that the symbol for volume was absent which should have been the key clue. Through the analysis of students' explanations (the classes of 2011 and 2012) and interviews (the class of 2013) we considered the reasoning applied by students who chose the correct answer or distractors for the multiple choice part of the item. Among the students who answered correctly there were explanations which contained misconceptions. Several factors that lead to the unsuccessful translation between external representations have been discovered. Students interpreted the change in one quantity based on the notation for the change in another one because of deep rooted cognitive schemas about changing two quantities (volume and pressure, pressure and temperature, temperature and volume), without consideration that for such changes to be valid for gases all three quantities need to be considered for a certain amount of substance. Those cognitive schemas interfered with mathematical reasoning,i.e.students possessed limited understanding of the equations.
Supercapacitive hybrid materials from the thermolysis of porous coordination nanorods based on a catechol porphyrin
Authors: Jin Shangbin , Hill Jonathan P. , Ji Qingmin , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: March 2016

Synthesis of a series of porous coordination polymers with nanorod morphology constructed from a catechol-substituted porphyrin is reported. Thermolysis of these materials yields supercapacitive materials with high capacitances and excellent cycling properties.
A triboelectric textile templated by a three-dimensionally penetrated fabric
Authors: Liu Lianmei , Pan Jian , Chen Peining , Zhang Jing , Yu Xinghai , Ding Xin , Wang Bingjie , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng
Published: March 2016

Novel flexible triboelectric textiles are created from commercially available fabrics with a three-dimensionally penetrated structure through a neat solution process. They efficiently convert mechanical energy from human motions into electric energy. A peak power density of 153.8 mW m−2 with an open-circuit voltage of 500 V is generated.
Plasmonic substrates comprising gold nanostars efficiently regenerate cofactor molecules
Authors: Sánchez-Iglesias Ana , Barroso Javier , Solís Diego M. , Taboada José M. , Obelleiro Fernando , Pavlov Valeri , Chuvilin Andrey , Grzelczak Marek
Published: March 2016

Gold nanostars as a photocatalyst perform better than rods and cubes.
The first visually observable three-mode antibiotic switch and its relative 3D printing assisted applications
Authors: Liu Miaoxing , Fang Fang , Song Xiangwei , Yu Fen , Li Fengshun , Shi Xiaotong , Xue Chaowen , Chen Tingtao , Wang Xiaolei
Published: March 2016

To regulate antibiotic treatments, the first visible three-mode antibiotic switch with residual removable characteristics was realized in this report.
Functionalizable and electrically conductive thin films formed by oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) from mixtures of 3-thiopheneethanol (3TE) and ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT)
Authors: Goktas Hilal , Wang Xiaoxue , Boscher Nicolas D. , Torosian Stephen , Gleason Karen K.
Published: March 2016

Tuning the optoelectronic properties and the density of hydroxyl pendant groups of 3-thiopheneethanol-co-ethylenedioxythiohene produced via an oxidative chemical vapor deposition technique.
Self‐consumption and storage as a way to facilitate the integration of renewable energy in low voltage distribution networks
Authors: Camilo Fernando M. , Castro Rui , Almeida Maria Eduarda , Pires Victor Fernão
Published: March 2016

Photovoltaic microgeneration (μG) located near the domestic consumers is expected to increase more in the future. Known issues regarding high μG penetration are voltage rise and reverse power flow. The concept of self‐consumption and storage is emerging as a way to improve network power supply quality and to facilitate the integration of small renewable energy sources in low voltage networks. This paper intends to give a further contribution by assessing the improvements provided by allowing domestic clients to consume and store the energy they produce. The tool at hand to study the situation is the unbalanced three‐phase load flow algorithm, based on the power summation technique, improved with the capability of explicitly compute the neutral voltages. The behaviour of a test radial distribution grid is assessed in different operating conditions, namely winter/summer, μG penetration level and μG operating mode. Voltage profile, active power flow in the service transformer and losses are monitored. The results suggest that self‐consumption with storage operating mode is a promising solution. Voltage excursions above normal grid voltage operating limits were not observed, the situation of reverse active power flow does not occur and the power losses are reduced.
Model predictive control‐based operation management for a residential microgrid with considering forecast uncertainties and demand response strategies
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Rui , Zhang Tao , Liu Yajie , Guo Bo
Published: March 2016

This study proposes a model predictive control (MPC)‐based home energy management system for residential microgrid (RM) in which all related information such as the time‐varying information of the load demand, electricity price and renewable energy generations, are all taken into account. A novel finite‐horizon mixed‐integer linear programming problem is iteratively formulated to investigate the optimal control actions of the RM under an MPC framework. Three case studies are conducted to discuss the technical and economic impacts of the responsive electrical and thermal loads, plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles, and electrical and thermal energy storage units. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach when forecasts of related information are imperfect.
Performance of a lead–carbon negative electrode based on a Pb–C electrodeposited porous graphite/Pb conductive net skeleton
Authors: Zheng Shuohang , Jia Guanglou , Xue Wenjing , Huang Bing , Chen Jian , Wang Jian
Published: March 2016

A novel Pb‐electrodeposited porous graphite (PG)/Pb conductive net skeleton was prepared by electroplating. The PG/Pb was also used as a negative electrode to study its electrochemical performance. The morphologies of skeleton and negative electrode were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectrometry. Results showed that the skeleton and electrode had a three‐dimensional porous structure and that the lead‐based active material evenly covered the surface, which can improve electrochemical performance. Cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge tests were then performed to study electrochemical performance. Results showed markedly restrained hydrogen evolution and a wide working‐potential range (−1.05 to −1.3 V versus Hg/Hg2SO4). The PG, which had a high specific surface area and increased capacitance, acted as a buffer and enforced the charge and discharge acceptance, thereby enabling the electrode to discharge 271, 103 and 48 s at current densities of 3.4, 8.6 and 17.2 A/g, respectively. After 50 cycles, specific capacity almost did not decrease, which effectively restrained the irreversible sulphation and improved battery capacity and lifespan. The prepared electrode had excellent electrochemical performance and can be used as a novel negative electrode in lead‐acid batteries.
Vein‐like directional transport platform of water on open aluminiuml substrate
Authors: Zheng Huanxi , Huang Shuai , Liu Jiyu , Chen Faze , Yang Xiaolong , Liu Xin , Sun Jing , Xu Wenji
Published: March 2016

In this work, a way to achieve effective directional transport of water on superhydrophobic surface is presented. An aluminium (Al) superhydrophobic surface was prepared by chemical etching method. After being treated by cold nitrogen plasma jet, a superhydrophilic track pattern corresponding to the mask was then fabricated. The vein‐like structure of the liquid transport platform was composed of a trunk and several branches, both having wedge angles. Driven by surface tension, water droplets at any location of the dripping area can be transported against gravity. This method is reusable and could be widely used in the directional transportation and water recycling.
Large-scale magnetic field generation by asymmetric laser-pulse interactions with a plasma in low-intensity regime
Authors: Gopal K. , Gupta D. N. , Kim Y. K. , Hur M. S. , Suk H.
Published: March 2016

We propose a way to enhance the strength of self-generated magnetic field from laser-plasma interactions by incorporating the combined role of pulse asymmetricity and plasma inhomogeneity. The pulse asymmetry combined with the plasma inhomogeneity contributes for strong nonlinear current within the pulse body; consequently, a stronger magnetic field can be produced. The nature of self-generated magnetic field is “Quasistatic” that means the self-generated magnetic field varies on the time scale of the period of laser radiation. Our results show that the magnetic-field generated by a temporally asymmetric laser pulse is many-folds higher than the magnetic-field generated by a symmetric laser pulse in plasmas. The present study predicts the generation of magnetic field of the order of 15 T for the laser intensity of ∼1014 cm−2. Our study might be applicable to improve the accelerated bunch quality in laser wakefield acceleration mechanism.
Long path-length experimental studies of longitudinal phenomena in intense beams
Authors: Beaudoin B. L. , Haber I. , Kishek R. A. , Bernal S. , Koeth T. W.
Published: March 2016

Intense charged particle beams are nonneutral plasmas as they can support a host of plasma waves and instabilities. The longitudinal physics, for a long beam, can often be reasonably described by a 1-D cold-fluid model with a geometry factor to account for the transverse effects. The plasma physics of such beams has been extensively studied theoretically and computationally for decades, but until recently, the only experimental measurements were carried out on relatively short linacs. This work reviews experimental studies over the past five years on the University of Maryland Electron Ring, investigating longitudinal phenomena over time scales of thousands of plasma periods, illustrating good agreement with simulations.
A polarizable continuum model for molecules at spherical diffuse interfaces
Authors: Di Remigio Roberto , Mozgawa Krzysztof , Cao Hui , Weijo Ville , Frediani Luca
Published: March 2016

We present an extension of the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) to simulate solvent effects at diffuse interfaces with spherical symmetry, such as nanodroplets and micelles. We derive the form of the Green’s function for a spatially varying dielectric permittivity with spherical symmetry and exploit the integral equation formalism of the PCM for general dielectric environments to recast the solvation problem into a continuum solvation framework. This allows the investigation of the solvation of ions and molecules in nonuniform dielectric environments, such as liquid droplets, micelles or membranes, while maintaining the computationally appealing characteristics of continuum solvation models. We describe in detail our implementation, both for the calculation of the Green’s function and for its subsequent use in the PCM electrostatic problem. The model is then applied on a few test systems, mainly to analyze the effect of interface curvature on solvation energetics.
A hybrid Rayleigh-Taylor-current-driven coupled instability in a magnetohydrodynamically collimated cylindrical plasma with lateral gravity
Authors: Zhai Xiang , Bellan Paul M.
Published: March 2016

We present an MHD theory of Rayleigh-Taylor instability on the surface of a magnetically confined cylindrical plasma flux rope in a lateral external gravity field. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability is found to couple to the classic current-driven instability, resulting in a new type of hybrid instability that cannot be described by either of the two instabilities alone. The lateral gravity breaks the axisymmetry of the system and couples all azimuthal modes together. The coupled instability, produced by combination of helical magnetic field, curvature of the cylindrical geometry, and lateral gravity, is fundamentally different from the classic magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability occurring at a two-dimensional planar interface. The theory successfully explains the lateral Rayleigh-Taylor instability observed in the Caltech plasma jet experiment [Moser and Bellan, Nature 482, 379 (2012)]. Potential applications of the theory include magnetic controlled fusion, solar emerging flux, solar prominences, coronal mass ejections, and other space and astrophysical plasma processes.