bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EU-US ‘Open Skies’ Agreement: Managing long-term capacity at London Heathrow Airport
Authors: Janic Milan
Published: July 2024

The EU-US ‘Open Skies’ agreement has liberalised the North Atlantic air transport market between the EU and USA. The agreement has effectively licensed the airlines already operating in the market to increase flight frequencies on existing routes, open new ones and also diversify airfares. In addition, the market has been opened to new entrants, particularly long-distance ‘low-cost’ airlines, which will likely follow their predecessor from the 1970s — Sir Freddie Laker's Skytrain. Such traffic growth will have to be accommodated at both EU and US airports. This paper considers the long-term management of airside and landside capacity at London Heathrow Airport, the largest of the five London airports and the most significant on the European side of the EU-US air transport market. The paper considers the prediction of airport demand in terms of the annual number of air transport movements and passenger volumes; elaborates some alternative solutions for providing sufficient airside and landside capacity; and generates scenarios for the long-term matching of these solutions with the predicted demand. The results suggest reasonable solutions for the long-term management of airport capacity to meet the predicted demand (ie until 2030), while keeping noise and air pollution within the prescribed limits.
Award writing under the PWA section 10 procedure
Authors: Kay Anthony
Published: July 2024

This paper, the first in a short series, deals with the structure of awards within the wider context of dispute resolution. This paper sets out the basic requirements for each part of an award.
Key lessons from Hurricane Dorian: The benefits of a flexible top-down storm response
Authors: Aziz Emad
Published: July 2024

In 2019, Hurricane Dorian wreaked widespread havoc across the Province of Nova Scotia, with significant, adverse impacts affecting citizens and government services for a protracted period. This paper describes the challenges faced by the provincial emergency management and business continuity response teams. It argues that storm response requires a flexible top-down approach, with senior leadership delegating responsibility and encouraging locally-driven decision-making. Using examples from Hurricane Dorian, the paper shows that as emergency response and business continuity overlap, response teams must find a balance between the protection of life and property and safeguarding the continuity of business. This can be accomplished through strategic support from senior leadership, the adoption of evolving best practices and competency development through training and realistic exercise scenarios.
Taking risk to the edge of acceptable
Authors: Williamson Steve
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses evolving technology architectures, such as cloud and edge computing, which enable the development of smart systems that interact with their environment and make human-like decisions. These are Internet of Things (IoT) devices with embedded artificial intelligence (AI) functionality. Furthermore, these are relatively quick to build due to the availability of reusable software components and high-availability processing resources. AI simulates a broad range of human specialisations, such as medical diagnosis, driving and speech recognition. The benefits of AI are transformational, but the consequences of failure can be catastrophic. New technologies introduce new threats and the need for new safeguards. The paper analyses the challenge for our industry, which is to enable the benefits of AI, while ensuring risks are maintained at an acceptable level. This can be achieved by adopting a security by design approach to new product development. This is a discipline that helps identify threats and ensures appropriate safeguards are engineered into the product from the start. The paper discusses how, if we are to safely realise the game-changing benefits of AI, security by design will have to become normal practice in product engineering.
Finding financial fraudsters: Quantitative and behavioural finance approaches
Authors: Zask Ezra
Published: July 2024

Financial fraud has been with us since the beginning of recorded history. The motivation of some to gain by bypassing legal and moral codes appears to be hardwired into the human race. This paper underscores that one of the reasons for the repeated success of these schemes is that the rest of us are equally hardwired to trust where we should be sceptical, and to place undue trust in our flawed decision-making processes. This paper presents some tools for analysing whether an investment scheme may be fraudulent. Perhaps more importantly, it points to using the most successful fraud of modern history as an example, the reasons why many do sometimes fall for these schemes. Perhaps the extra vigilance gained from this experience will help to prevent the next Madoff.
Lawful disclosure of administrative data for research purposes in the UK
Authors: Bell Jessica , Wallace Susan E , Mourby Miranda , Gowans Heather , Aidinlis Stergios , Smith Hannah , Kaye Jane
Published: July 2024

The UK government funded the Administrative Data Research Network (ADRN) with the explicit aim of making administrative data available for research; however, the legal framework for doing so is complex and the basis for disclosing these data to third party researchers is not straightforward. This paper critically analyses the legal framework for public authorities to disclose administrative data for the purposes of research, which will change significantly with the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the UK Digital Economy Act 2017 (DEA). Our practical assessment of the new statutory power under the DEA for public authorities to disclose non-identifiable administrative data for research purposes highlights the challenges that may remain for researchers requiring access to linked administrative and health and adult social care data. Our review, in this paper, of the existing regimes for research using linked data is therefore necessary and useful for researchers, public authorities and data protection advisers.
Wealth management advice in the digital age
Authors: Thompson Kendra
Published: July 2024

The wealth management competitive landscape has changed dramatically in recent years, from technology advances to a changing client base. Firms must evolve quickly or could risk losing business. A hybrid wealth management model – one in which clients receive the best of human and digital advisory – could be the answer. Hybrid advice is not only what clients prefer, it is necessary for wealth management firms to deliver at scale for a profit. In short, the hybrid model is essential for the continued survival of wealth management enterprises. When looking to move to a hybrid model, wealth management leaders need to address three main areas of their firm: products and services; organisation and people; and channel interactions and tools.
The evolution of naming rights agreements in the United States
Authors: Mcghee Tim
Published: July 2024

Companies have used naming rights of sports venues in the United States for over a century. Up until approximately 30 years ago, sponsors utilised these investments almost exclusively for building brand awareness. More recently, marketers that have invested in naming rights opportunities have utilised the platform provided by these high-profile venues to create fully integrated marketing programmes. This paper, through several examples as well as a case study, outlines the various objectives a sponsor seeks to achieve through their naming rights agreements. In addition to the significant branding afforded sponsors that affix their name to a venue, naming rights can also provide a showcase for a company’s technology as well as a means to drive significant revenue either directly or indirectly from the rights holder. By tracing the evolution of naming rights sponsorships, a reader can see why they are typically the most expensive marketing expenditure a company will make with a rights holder.
China’s PIPL and DSL: Is China following the EU’s approach to data protection?
Authors: Tan Ziwen , Zhang Channing
Published: July 2024

On 20th August, 2021, China, a market with over one billion consumers, passed the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL), effective as of 1st November, 2021. The PIPL aims to provide individuals with comprehensive sets of data protection rights and will unquestionably impact how businesses ensure compliance in the upcoming years. Not surprisingly, like many other jurisdictions, the PIPL resembles the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to a great extent, but it also diverges from the GDPR in many regards. Therefore, many companies, having already built a GDPRcompliant program, still face the challenge of demonstrating compliance with the PIPL. Also noteworthy is the recently enacted Data Security Law (DSL), a unique law (if not the only one) around the world targeting data security individually. The DSL not only supplements the PIPL, but also has a distinctive aim regarding national security, which exposes companies to obligations beyond those imposed by the PIPL. Furthermore, there is no denying that there are still some ambiguous parts of the PIPL and the DSL. However, China is enacting other laws, industry-specific regulations, guidelines and standards to complement the application of the two laws, which are also worth attention. This paper discusses the material differences between the GDPR and the PIPL (as well as the DSL when applicable) and creates a roadmap to achieve compliance with the PIPL and the DSL.
Land-grant college-admission web pages in the western United States: Analysis of marketing messages for public or private good
Authors: Gardiner Paige
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the marketing messages being communicated to prospective students by marketers at 11 land-grant colleges in the western United States through the collegeadmission web pages. The college-admission web page is an important marketing channel because it acts as the marketing collateral for prospective students to begin their college information search. A qualitative media analysis (QMA) study was conducted recording words and images from the college-admission web pages. Some marketers used words and images that communicated a privategood marketing message depicting the student journey, while others displayed words and images that communicated public-good marketing messages, such as career placement, research projects, faculty projects and the university’s mission. The results showed that marketers used more private-good than public-good marketing messages.
Cutting the cord : How and why HERE Technologies fired their service provider and took real estate in-house (and whether other end users should too)
Authors: Bader Benjamin
Published: July 2024

This case study challenges the traditional model of real estate outsourcing by end users, by providing an alternative approach to the delivery of real estate services by an insourced team. While acknowledging the reasons why end users have historically opted to partner with third parties, this case study outlines the evaluation process and tactical tasks needed to decide and then act on this shift. The case study details the stated up-front objectives and provides learnings from a successful model change. The intention is that other end users will be able to use it as a model for making their own evaluations of feasibility and appropriateness.
Innovative ideas for improving airport community relations
Authors: Sanchez Diana
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on airport strategies for successful community engagement, and goes on to examine what airports can do in this regard, describing youth programmes, encouraging aviation careers, adult outreach and becoming opinion leaders. Tactics may change over time but the basics of communication, transparency, building long-term relationships will always remain the same. The goal is to increase trust and visibility and decrease complaints and the us versus them mentality. The key is to earn enough mutual respect to work together to find common ground. There will always be those that complain, but if enough of the majority can work with the organisation, the benefits will outweigh the costs. In order to accomplish this, it is important for airports to raise their profiles and become participatory members in their communities and offer innovative ways to improve airport community relations. By showcasing the airport as a caring, responsible and trusted member of the community, the aviation industry gains a newfound familiarity among its neighbours. Typically, airports face backlash from their communities due to noise, air pollution and other factors that impact the daily lives of the people who live in close proximity to the airport. Through actions, education and ongoing involvement, airports can influence public opinions and create partnerships with local schools, businesses and community members for the benefit of all parties. Accomplishing this requires the airport to be proactive and collaborate with local leaders, organisations and communities. Once an airport establishes itself as a vested and trusted organisation, it has the chance to thrive and prosper as a respected and valued part of any community. Research also shows that communities thrive when businesses are involved. The paper ends by stressing the importance of good communication.
Case study: How the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is migrating a century’s worth of collections into a media asset management system
Authors: Cadotte Christine , Efrat Rebecca
Published: July 2024

Since 1936, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) has been broadcasting to Canadians from coast to coast. Starting with radio and then expanding to television and digital platforms, the CBC has amassed a large collection of legacy media and is continuously producing more. Out of the desire to consolidate the archival and contemporary content, optimise current workflows and adapt to the shifting technological and media landscape, the media asset management (MAM) project was born. This paper outlines some of the many unique challenges and opportunities that were faced as the CBC implemented a MAM system while continuing to distribute news, current affairs and entertainment content to the Canadian public.
Know your suppliers: A review of ICT supply chain risk management efforts by the US government and its agencies
Authors: Osunji Olatunji
Published: July 2024

Every government and enterprise relies on a network of suppliers spanning the globe. This ecosystem of suppliers has been made more complex by the reliance of organisational processes and services on information and communication technologies (ICT). With the awareness that supply chain is serving as a medium in the cyberattack kill chain, it has become necessary to intensify efforts to mitigate the risks inherent in the supply chain of these technology products and services by striving to know who our suppliers really are. The aim of this paper is to review some of the efforts by the US Government and its agencies in reducing the occurrence and impact of supply chain risk on ICT products and services and how organisations within the private sector can leverage on these efforts to incorporate ICT supply chain into their enterprise risk management strategy with emphasis on knowing who their suppliers are.
Collaborative mobile robots: Bringing greater productivity and flexibility to warehouse operations
Authors: Glynn Fergal , Cook Corey
Published: July 2024

In an increasingly digital world, warehouses need to implement automation in order to reach optimal productivity and customer demand. Customer behaviour changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have only heightened the need for automation, bringing record-breaking, peak-level demands to fulfilment operators at various points throughout 2020. This paper discusses the many benefits of implementing wall-to-wall fulfilment automation, including collaborative mobile robots, into warehouse operations. Most commonly users see greater efficiency, flexibility and workplace morale. The paper also explores a use case of how global security and aerospace company Lockheed Martin greatly improved efficiency in its warehouse and solved major material handling challenges by adding collaborative mobile robots into its fulfilment centre.
Disruptive digital technology adoption in global supply chains
Authors: Sweeney Edward , Taschner Andreas , Grünewald Hazel
Published: July 2024

Businesses need to cope with myriad challenges including increasingly competitive markets and rapid developments in digital technology. The overall aim of the research described in this paper is to generate fresh insights into the impacts of digitalisation on the design and management of global supply chains. It focuses on understanding the current adoption rate of new technologies in global supply chains, identifying perceived opportunities and challenges and clarifying the critical factors driving (and inhibiting) their deployment. The authors administered an online survey with a global sample of respondents from various supply chain functions, resulting in a sample of 142 responses. Significant differences emerged in adoption patterns between companies of different sizes. Moreover, the study pointed to a widening gap (or a ‘digital divide’) between leaders and laggards in terms of technology adoption. Perceived benefits and challenges also differ notably between companies of varying sizes. Adoption patterns are very diverse across specific technologies. The results further suggest that there is a significant correlation between adoption of digital technologies and different dimensions of company performance.
Validation of economic capital models: State of the practice, supervisory expectations and results from a bank study
Authors: Jacobs, Michael
Published: July 2024

A challenge in economic capital modelling within financial institutions is developing a coherent approach to model validation. This has been motivated by rapid financial innovation, developments in supervisory standards (Pillar 2 of the Basel II framework) and the recent financial turmoil. Various practices are surveyed in validating economic capital models, both quantitative and qualitative approaches, and supervisory expectations and concerns regarding this process are discussed. The paper then illustrates several of these approaches (benchmarking, sensitivity analysis and testing for predictive accuracy) utilising data from major banking institutions’ loss experience (from supervisory call reports), and estimates and compares alternative established frameworks for risk aggregation (including alternative copula models). Results suggest that practitioners may want to consider implementing a simple non-parametric methodology (empirical copula simulation (ECS)) in order to quantify integrated risk, in that it is found to be more conservative, as well as more stable than the other models, in a nonparametric bootstrap experiment.
Bridging pre-trade and post-trade processes with the Legal Entity Identifier for a more efficient trade and client life-cycle management
Authors: Tuncer Burcu Mentesoglu , Rowley Clare
Published: July 2024

High reliance of post-trade processes on nonstandardised datasets, different data definitions within the same firm and legacy systems make the post-trading services complex and costly for all market participants. In this paper, we discuss how the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI), a data element that is associated with post-trade process and reporting, has the potential to transform client onboarding and pre-trade activity and as a result improve the whole trade life cycle. We present GLEIF’s new Validation Agent model as a practical solution that allows financial institutions to obtain and maintain LEIs for their clients in cooperation with accredited LEI Issuer Organizations. Once the link is made between the client and the LEI, the financial institutions can more effectively address reporting throughout the trade life cycle, especially in the critical phase of posttrade settlement.
How national CSIRTs leverage public data, OSINT and free tools in operational practices: An empirical study
Authors: Kassim Sharifah Roziah Binti Mohd , Li Shujun , Arief Budi
Published: July 2024

Computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs) have been established at national and organisational levels to coordinate responses to computer security incidents. It is known that many CSIRTs, including national CSIRTs, routinely use public data, open-source intelligence (OSINT) and free tools in their work. The current literature, however, lacks research on how such data and tools are used and perceived by the staff of national CSIRTs in their operational practices. To fill such a research gap, an online survey and 12 follow-up semi-structured interviews with staff of 13 national CSIRTs from Asia, Europe, Caribbean and North America were carried out. The aim was to gain detailed insights on how such data and tools are used and perceived by staff in national CSIRTs. The study was conducted in two stages: first with MyCERT (Malaysia’s national CSIRT) to gain some initial results, and then with 12 other national CSIRTs to expand the results from the first stage. Thirteen participants from MyCERT completed the survey and seven of them took part in a semi-structured interview; 12 participants from 11 other national CSIRTs took the survey and five participants from five national CSIRTs were interviewed. Results from the survey and the interviews led to three main findings. First, the active use of public data, OSINT and free tools by national CSIRT staff was confirmed, eg all 25 participants had used public data for incident investigation. Second, all except two (ie 23 out of 25, 92 per cent) participants perceived public data, OSINT and free tools to be useful in their operational practices. Third, there are a number of operational challenges regarding the use of public data, OSINT and free tools. In particular, there is a lack of standard and systematic approaches on how such data and tools are used across different national CSIRTs. There is also a lack of standard and systematic processes for validating such data and tools. These findings call for further research and development of guidelines to help CSIRTs to use such data and tools more effectively and more efficiently.
Best practices in 3PL and fulfillment contract procurement : A methodological approach to optimising 3PL rates and services
Authors: Givens Steve
Published: July 2024

With the proliferation of online shopping, the e-commerce industry is growing exponentially. As a direct result, third party logistics (3PL) fulfillment support services are rapidly growing and considered a critical part of the customer experience. 3PL fulfillment support services are not only important to completing the last leg of the e-commerce and business-to-business (B2B) transactional process, but also have an impact on customer satisfaction, long-term customer loyalty and the overall brand experience. The 3PL fulfillment market has changed significantly over the last 50 years, and the scope of the support services has also changed throughout the decades. Overall direction of the industry changed forever on 5th July, 1994, when Amazon was founded and began operations. In the late 20th century, online commerce launched a modern-day gold rush and with newfound fortunes to be made, the fulfillment market was flooded with new companies from various industries that all wanted to stake their claims. Today, understanding the 3PL market options, pricing methodologies and service level agreements (SLAs) is critically important to selecting the best 3PL partner to support your current needs and help you scale your business for the future. The 3PL contract optimisation process starts with selecting the right partner, developing the appropriate contract terms and conditions, scope alignment and performance incentives to lay the foundation for a successful partnership. Ongoing contract optimisation requires a formalised process to evaluate performance, review market alternatives and deliver efficiencies. The ideal state of fulfillment services contract optimisation is achieved when the 3PL relationship delivers maximum shareholder value from best-in-class pricing, outstanding service and long-term goal alignment.
Collaboration in isolation: Migrating legacy finding aids during a pandemic
Authors: Gormly Brianna , Lobello Louise
Published: July 2024

This paper describes a project conducted at Franklin & Marshall College Archives and Special Collections (A&SC) to migrate legacy archival finding aids to ArchivesSpace. This project, completed remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, required project team members to address not only user needs for the online discovery of collections, but also the gaps between legacy finding aids and modern archival standards. This paper discusses how these concerns manifested in specific data clean-up issues and the strategies — and compromises — developed to address them. The paper also describes how workflows were developed, implemented and revised in the pandemic context. In particular, it details how the work of both A&SC staff and staff from other library units was leveraged to complete the project successfully. The case study provides insights on successes and lessons learned related to communication in a remote work project. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of the project on work in A&SC today.
Securities Finance: Data applications for beneficial owners
Authors: Damas-Shaw Monica , Pierson Samuel
Published: July 2024

We use the IHS Markit Securities Finance dataset and beneficial owner consulting team to map the evolution of industry practices. Securities lending plays a critical role in global capital markets: the practice is broad, encompassing borrowing securities to cover a failed trade, borrowing to sell short, liquidity and financing. With the number of investors participating in securities lending continuing to increase, there is a need to have guiding principles in place with regard to lending programme controls and the evaluation of performance and risk. Part of the challenge from a beneficial owner’s perspective is being able to access quantitative and qualitative data to properly compare themselves to similar entities in order to make changes to existing parameters and perform a thorough review of their programmes. Having more transparency and a better understanding of the data allows beneficial owners to identify opportunities that may increase the profitability of their programmes, while allowing for changes to programme parameters within their risk/reward appetite. The increased focus on ESG (environment, social and governance) for many beneficial owners has resulted in new evaluations of securities lending programmes as they relate to ESG policies for respective investments. As internal priorities evolve for beneficial owners, regulation has also become an important factor of consideration for securities lending participants. It has affected the complete chain from execution of initial trades to monitoring and reporting. We provide evidence of these changes from academic research, industry working groups as well as the IHS Markit Securities Finance dataset and consulting business.
Using Twitter and other social media platforms to provide situational awareness during an incident
Authors: Tobias Ed
Published: July 2024

The recent use of social media by protesters in Iran, Egypt, Yemen and elsewhere has focused new attention on this communications medium. Government agencies and businesses, as well, are using social media to push information to their stakeholders. Those who are on the front lines of this information revolution, however, realise that social media is most effective when the communication is two-way. Unlike other media, social media allows information sharing. This, in turn, provides emergency managers with new situational-awareness resources when trying to mitigate an incident. As Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Administrator Craig Fugate told Information Week on January 19th, 2011: ‘We can adjust much quicker if we can figure out how to have (a) two-way conversation and if we can look at the public as a resource. The public is putting out better situational awareness than many of our own agencies can.’ This paper provides examples of how social media can be used as a situational-awareness resource and specific ‘tools’ that can be used to assist with this task.
The FRTB: Do not underestimate the standardised approach
Authors: Hortin Nicola
Published: July 2024

There is currently a lot of discussion in the industry about the internal
model-based approach to the FRTB; however, it is important that banks do not
underestimate the challenges of implementing the FRTB standardised method,
particularly as it will impact all institutions including those that adopt
the internal approach. Among the significant changes that are being
introduced by the FRTB is a stricter separation of the trading book and
banking book. Regardless of whether they currently use standardised or
internal models, banks will need to review their portfolios to determine if
existing classifications of instruments and desks as trading book or banking
book are still applicable or whether a revision of desk structure is
required. While doing all of the above, it is important that banks do not
lose sight of the wider context in which the FRTB requirements are being
introduced. The FRTB is just one element in a package of new capital adequacy
rules. The changes that are being made to the capital adequacy rules are so
fundamental and so numerous that, although they are part of Basel III, some
people are now referring to them as ‘Basel IV’.
Tackling the healthcare acquired condition (HAC) of workforce harm: Lessons learned from COVID-19
Authors: Mcgaffigan Patricia , Kingston Mary Beth , Schwich Rev. Kathie Bender
Published: July 2024

Leaders have a duty to ensure the safety and well-being of their most important asset, the workforce. Yet, while providing harm-free, quality care to patients across all settings, the healthcare workforce (HCW) experiences higher rates of occupational harm than do many industries, including those that are typically deemed dangerous. These longstanding and persistent harms are physical, psychological and emotional in nature and have broad consequences not only for the worker but also for patients, families, organisations and the healthcare industry. While attention and action by healthcare leaders to HCW harms has been gaining in recent years, the COVID-19 global pandemic has exponentially magnified workforce safety risks and implications, as well as the critical role and responsibilities of leaders to ensure that workforce safety is urgently and systematically addressed. This paper details the extent, nature and consequences of ‘healthcare acquired conditions’ to the workforce and, elaborates the added impact of the pandemic on harms experienced by the HCW and outlines the critical role and actions for leaders at all levels, in all healthcare settings, to improve the safety and well-being of the HCW. Specific illustrations of lessons learned and paths forward from one major healthcare system for preventing and addressing workforce harm and restoring well-being to the workforce are shared. Additional resources for healthcare leaders are highlighted and provide in-depth perspective on recommendations and tactics for creating a core value of unified safety, where both patients and those who care for them are free from harm and can thrive.
Surplus sacred space: Reflections on the impending glut of US church property
Authors: Reinhard Rick
Published: July 2024

Dramatically more churches will close in the US over the next decade as the numbers of self-identified Christians declines, the COVID-19 pandemic inflicts financial pain and the large number of church buildings become unwieldy. Churches that wish to survive must examine alternate uses for much of their overbuilt real estate. Congregations, developers and municipalities must be ready for how to redevelop empty church sites and how to convert existing churches to mixed use. Municipal agencies and developers must understand how to deal with churches, given the special nature of their mission and their decentralised management structures. This paper discusses how it is in the best interests of churches, developers and communities to plan for alternate uses of church properties. It concludes that collaboration on church redevelopment and repurposing will result in significant benefits for all involved. Brief case studies of four churches are presented, with relevant questions.
Building brand trust and consumer willingness to convert with reception marketing
Authors: Reedy Shannon
Published: July 2024

In the dynamic landscape of marketing, shifts in technology, business and behaviour occur that revolutionise how brands connect with consumers. One example is the concept of Reception Marketing. This paper examines the history of marketing strategies, exploring the consumer and marketplace contexts that catalysed the evolution from interruption-based methods to Permission Marketing, ultimately leading to the emergence of Reception Marketing. By examining the challenges with Interruption and Permission Marketing relative to reaching contemporary audiences, this paper highlights the need for a new approach that aligns with today’s empowered consumer who bridges the information and artificial intelligence (AI) age. The paper introduces and defines Reception Marketing as a strategy that leverages consumer signals to build authentic and consistent connections between brands and consumers, where each is defined relative to their ability to resonate, build brand equity and therefore make consumers more likely to convert. The paper goes on to discuss the important principles of Reception Marketing and its role in shaping the future of marketing strategies, brand-consumer relationships and the state of the Internet at large. The paper also explores how owned asset optimisation (OAO), along with AI and other technologies, enable brands to implement Reception Marketing at scale.
Developing living policy documents that optimise risk taking
Authors: Robert Laurent
Published: July 2024

Far too often, organisations consider the development of policy documents an academic exercise rather than integrating them into a robust risk management arsenal. At their fundamental levels, policies establish what an organisation, such as a financial institution, declares as intent for its beliefs and mission as it pursues its daily operations. By changing how they look at risk within their daily business, banks can steer their policy documents away from setting limits, which means minimising risk, and toward seizing opportunities, which means optimising the risk they take for the best benefit. At a more granular level, as they implement policies and bring them to life in their daily practices, banks should use regulatory input to align and influence the individual steps within their processes and procedures, as they work to build wellmanaged and compliant operations. This paper looks at the need for greater policy transparency, particularly as it addresses resulting risk from the global COVID-19 pandemic and recovery, as well as an expanding focus among customers on social justice. Ultimately, the paper recommends critical strategies that banking leaders should take to avoid adding unintended risk as the organisation develops effective enterprise and business policy documents. When done correctly, building a risk-aware culture, supported by sound policies that all employees embrace, can become an advantage for a bank in a market that has never been more competitive.
The G20 cross-border payments programme: A global effort
Authors: Lammer Thomas , Rice Tara
Published: July 2024

The G20 cross-border payments programme is a globally coordinated endeavour that aims to address long-standing challenges in the cross-border payments market. This paper reviews those challenges and discusses the 19 ‘building blocks' that make up the programme. As the paper describes, each building block will provide notable benefits for cross-border payments; however, due to their interdependencies, the most significant enhancements will only be realised if public authorities and private actors across the globe work together to implement improvements in a coordinated manner. This paper reviews the programme's achievements to date and discusses key findings from related projects that provide useful insights for the programme going forward.
When does a company have the choice to waive its attorney-client privilege in the USA?
Authors: Riefberg Linda , Passavia Christopher
Published: July 2024

When US government enforcement agencies investigate, they often require or pressure parties to waive the attorney-client and work product privileges, but there is no uniform standard regarding when demanding or requesting such waiver is appropriate. Deciding whether to advise your client to waive the privilege can be vexing for counsel. This paper reviews the waiver policies of US federal enforcement agencies overseeing the financial services industry, including the US Department of Justice, Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, as well as certain others. Further, it provides some guidance to parties and counsel regarding when waiver may be necessary or advisable. It concludes with support for a uniform standard that is protective of the attorney-client and work-product privileges, permitting the privilege holder to make a true choice as to whether to waive, free from any obligation or pressure to waive from US agencies.
Measurement and use of cash for payments by half the world’s population
Authors: Khiaonarong Tanai , Humphrey David
Published: July 2024

The use of cash for payments is not well measured. This paper argues that the value of cash withdrawn from automated teller machines (ATMs), or as a share of all payments, provides a more accurate and timely measure of the cash used for payments compared with the standard measure of the value of currency in circulation (CIC), or as a ratio to gross domestic product (GDP). CIC is a stock of cash used for legal payments, hoarding and illegal activities, but lacks a corresponding measure of the velocity or turnover of that cash used for payments. Cash from ATMs is a flow. It reflects both a stock of cash and its velocity and is primarily used for legal transactions. This paper compares these two measures for 14 advanced and emerging market economies, which together account for one-half of the world’s population and two-thirds of world GDP. The time pattern of both measures over 2005–2020 is illustrated graphically. Often, one measure rises while the other falls, or one is stable while the other is not, or both are rising or falling but at different rates. After reaching a peak in cash use between 2005 and 2018, the per capita share of cash withdrawn from ATMs in almost all of our countries begins to fall, consistent with what some merchants report, while CIC keeps rising. A measure of cash from ATMs may better inform monetary policy (demand for money) and regulatory decisions concerning access to and use of cash in a country.
Freiburg: Principles of sustainable urbanism
Authors: Daseking Wulf
Published: July 2024

Freiburg, located in south-west Germany, is often referred to as the ‘greenest city in Europe’. This paper describes how the development of Freiburg since the end of World War II has been based on a shared vision incorporating key principles of sustainable urbanism. Innovations in transport, energy and collaborative planning have helped to create a vibrant and liveable city, with a balanced social mix, good connectivity, high-quality design and a focus on green issues. Freiburg’s forward-thinking policies have resulted in a new, transit-based neighbourhood at Rieselfeld and an attractive, family friendly eco-neighbourhood at Vauban, built through an innovative co-creation process. Cooperation and partnership at municipal and community levels have led to the creation of a thriving city centre and residential neighbourhoods, connected by green fingers to the surrounding countryside.
Activating and driving brand advocacy: Why every brand needs to be talked about
Authors: Thomson Steve
Published: July 2024

Advocacy and word of mouth have been shown to have a significant impact on brand health and growth. The rise of online social media has increased the visibility of conversations and recommendations about brands, and this has led some marketers to assume that increasing a brand's presence in social media is important to driving brand advocacy. In fact, ‘all media are social’, and a more holistic and proactive strategy is likely to be more successful. Real-world advocacy operates on a large scale and for some brands is an untapped opportunity.
Branding and technology: Six innovations that change the game for brand asset management
Authors: Rusch Robin
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on how consumer behaviour can drive innovation in the asset management space by employing advances in technology from artificial intelligence and natural language processing to the popularity of massive open online classes and social media. Digital asset management for brand managers has evolved from basic storage space for brand guidelines and elements, to introducing collaboration tools, to merging external and internal for integrated information feeds and workflow. In thinking about the next stage, managers are looking to innovations in the social web that can be harnessed to create tools for brand management.
Corporate real estate black swan strategies: Beyond probability and resilience
Authors: Higgins David M. , Perera Treshani
Published: July 2024

Corporate organisations operate in a dynamic competitive global environment where real estate decisions form an important part of a successful business operation. Fundamental considerations cover the drivers of possible disruption from core economic activity, structural change and unexpected (black swan) events. With documented increases in the frequency and magnitude of unforeseen, rare and extreme black swan events, this research examines an antifragility corporate real estate strategy that looks beyond likelihood and resilience to opportunities to manage and embrace key adverse known unknown random black swan events. Suggested strategies including modular locational operation units, knowledge sharing and real estate partnerships can form part of an antifragility real estate framework and assist global organisations to succeed where competitors fail in a world affected by increasingly large, highly improbable and unpredictable events.
The new German Ringfencing Act establishing criminal liability of banking and insurance executives for failures in risk management
Authors: Richter Thomas
Published: July 2024

The German parliament recently approved a new law regarding individual criminal liability of banking and insurance executives, which will take effect as of January 2014. Under the new so-called Ringfencing Act (Trennbankengesetz), specific duties and responsibilities for risk management will be imposed on these executives. Failure to comply with these duties will be punishable by a maximum of five years’ imprisonment if it causes a threat to the viability as a going concern of a bank, or insolvency or over-indebtedness of an insurance company. This paper provides a description of the risk management duties and the corresponding criminal penalties. It also discusses the regulatory background and provides an initial assessment of the likely implications for risk management at German financial institutions.
Firearms, brass knuckles… and Instagram: Intended and unintended influence of social media advertising
Authors: Jones Valerie K. , Wang Ming (Bryan)
Published: July 2024

Understanding the influence of social media advertising is critical to brands today. This study explores how Instagram advertising from the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), largely featuring confiscated weapons, influences attitudes towards the brand and, unintentionally, towards gun control. A between-groups online experiment found that brand attitudes were not influenced, but light crime show viewers and video game players exposed to TSA’s Instagram content showed higher support for gun control than heavy violent crime show viewers and video game players. This research provides practical insight into how a government agency brand communicates with the public subject to its services. It also has theoretical implications, extending priming and desensitisation literature in exploring the relationship between violent social media images, prior exposure to violent media and gun control attitudes and, ultimately, suggesting that brand social media content can unintentionally influence attitudes towards social issues.
Effective coordination of cyber incidents: The role of emergency management
Authors: Ramsey Casey
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses how a cyber attack can impact on local government. It walks through the 2020 cyber attack on Hall County, GA and how the County responded. Emphasis is placed on how the local emergency management agency was utilised and designated the lead agency to coordinate the response. The paper explains both why and how emergency management should be involved in the response to such attacks. Finally, the paper reviews the lessons learned and changes made as a result of the attack.
European slot allocation: Current and future regulation
Authors: Giesberts Ludger , Streit Thilo
Published: July 2024

Slots are the fundamental instrument for the distribution of an airport's capacities to air carriers. Facing increasing air traffic, the ‘slot challenge’ is considered the touchstone of the European liberalisation policy. It is thus important to all airlines that the European regulations provide for a system of slot allocation to accommodate the airlines’ interests in keeping valuable slots as well as achieving access to congested airports.This paper focuses on whether and how slots can be traded under the current legal framework.The paper therefore analyses the challenges airlines face with the current system of slot allocation, and how future regulations could solve the scarcity problem. In the first step, it will illustrate the possibilities for transferring slots within the current European legal framework, and show how code-sharing creates a loophole for the airlines.The next part deals with the different possibilities of future slot allocation mechanisms and their advantages and disadvantages for airlines and whether German law is ready for market-based slot mobility. Finally, the paper evaluates the measures for providing more efficient use of scarce airport capacities.
Health and productivity: A question of risk?
Authors: Alker John , Francis Richard
Published: July 2024

The health, wellbeing and productivity agenda is becoming of central importance for the real estate sector. Evidence is growing of the impact of building design and management on the performance of users, although until recently this has not translated into the decisions of investors, developers and occupiers. In large part, this has been because of the difficulty of demonstrating the business case for an individual organisation; however, thanks to a high-level framework proposed by the World Green Building Council, this situation is set to change.
Revitalising marketing’s digital content chain
Authors: Christian Jon
Published: July 2024

New marketing models promise to increase the value of organisations’ fast growing and sometimes voluminous digital marketing assets. Embracing the as-a-service approach enables more collaborative and dynamic ways of working across the value chain, returning benefits in cost, efficiencies and new opportunities.