bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A light-driven ultrafast sensor based on biocompatible solvatochromic metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Timofeeva Maria , Kenzhebayeva Yuliya , Burzak Nikita , Bazhenova Agniia , Lunev Artem , Novikov Alexander S. , Bondarenko Andrey B. , Shipilovskikh Sergei A. , Dyachuk Vyacheslav A. , Milichko Valentin A.
Published: November 2024

The design of fast, endurant, and biocompatible porous frameworks with solvatochromism, aimed at addressing the multiple visual sensing of chemicals, is demonstrated.
Full-fiber triboelectric nanogenerators with knitted origami structures for high impact resistance intelligent protection fabric
Authors: Wu Guilin , Xu Minjie , Lei Mengdie , Liao Mingmin , Luo Yongyue , OuYang Yiwei , Liu Jize , Cai Guangming
Published: November 2024

An origami-structured knitted protection fabric was fabricated for high impact resistance and triboelectric sensing based on multi-scale structure design-based coaxial torsional full-fiber yarn.
Pressure induced structural, electronic and optical properties of CsPbI3 perovskite
Authors: Saikia Dibyajyoti , Alam Mahfooz , Das Chayan , Betal Atanu , Gandi Appala Naidu , Sahu Satyajit
Published: November 2024

This study presents a first principles density functional theory investigation of the structural and optoelectronic properties of CsPbI3 perovskites under hydrostatic pressure.
Polysulfide-mediating properties of nickel phosphide carbon composite nanofibers as free-standing interlayers for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Belgibayeva Ayaulym , Turarova Gulderaiym , Dangaliyeva Akmaral , Sultanov Fail , Nurpeissova Arailym , Mukanova Aliya , Bakenov Zhumabay
Published: November 2024

NixP/C fiber mat interlayers with tailored surface oxidation layers exhibit strong polysulfide adsorption and catalytic conversion, enhancing lithium–sulfur cell stability by up to 200 cycles at 2C with a discharge capacity of ∼800 mA h g−1.
Regioselective bromination of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines
Authors: Li Yingqian , Liu Yali , Hao Di , Xu Liang , Liu Ping
Published: November 2024

A novel and efficient method for the regioselective bromination of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline using tetrabutylammonium tribromide was developed. A series of highly selective C3-brominated or C1, C3-dibrominated products were obtained in good yields.
A stable dual functional superhydrophobic coating to inhibit Proteus mirabilis colonization, migration, and encrustation formation for urinary catheter applications
Authors: Miao Jiru , Chai Haiyang , Niu Longxing , Ouyang Mi , Wang Rong
Published: November 2024

A superhydrophobic coating with dual functionalities and stabilities against prolonged incubation and various frictions was developed. It exhibited excellent capabilities against Proteus mirabilis colonization, migration, and encrustation formation.
The role of terminal and bridge ligands in the molecular upconversion of lanthanide(iii) 1D coordination polymers
Authors: de Andrade Stefano Angerami , Bispo-Jr Airton Germano , de Alencar Simoni Deborah , Ellena Javier , Honorato de Araujo Neto João , Mazali Italo Odone , Sigoli Fernando Aparecido
Published: November 2024

The upconversion of trivalent lanthanide ions (LnIII) has gained significant attention in recent decades due to its potential applications in energy conversion and biological imaging.
Conductive/non-conductive bi-compartmental architectures for sensing applications
Authors: Yang Yafei , Ma Zhe , Gao Jingxin , Liu Ruotong , Abudusaimaiti Aierpati , Liu Jiguang
Published: November 2024

The bi-compartmental structure with a conductive part on one side and a non-conductive on another side was used to investigate the sensing mechanism of pressure-sensors, disclosing the origin of sensing sensitivity in non-linear curves.
The evolution of coronal shock wave properties and their relation with solar energetic particles
Authors: Jarry Manon , Dresing Nina , Rouillard Alexis P. , Plotnikov Illya , Vainio Rami , Palmroos Christian , Kouloumvakos Athanasios , Vuorinen Laura
Published: November 2024

Context. Shock waves driven by fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are considered to be very efficient particle accelerators and are involved in the production of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. These events cause space weather phenomena by disturbing the near-Earth radiation environment. In past studies, we analysed statistically the relation between the maximum intensity of energetic electrons and protons and the properties of coronal shocks inferred at the point of magnetic connectivity. The present study focuses on a gradual SEP event measured by STEREO-A and -B on 11 October 2013. This event had the interesting properties that it (1) occurred in isolation with very low background particle intensities measured before the event, (2) was associated with a clear onset of SEPs measured in situ allowing detailed timing analyses, and (3) was associated with a fast CME event that was magnetically connected with STEREO-A and -B. These three properties allowed us to investigate at a high cadence the temporal connection between the rapidly evolving shock properties and the SEPs measured in situ.

Aims. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relative roles of fundamental shock parameters such as the compression ratio, Mach number and geometry, in the intensity and composition of the associated SEP event measured in situ.

Methods. We used shock reconstruction techniques and multi-viewpoint imaging data obtained by the STEREO-A and -B, SOHO, and SDO spacecraft to determine the kinematic evolution of the expanding shock wave. We then exploited 3D magneto-hydrodynamic modelling to model the geometry and Mach number of the shock wave along an ensemble of magnetic field lines connected to STEREO-A and -B, also estimating the uncertainties of the shock parameters. Using a velocity dispersion analysis of the available SEP data we time-shifted the SEP time series and analysed the relations between observed SEP properties and the modelled shock properties. We also studied the energy dependence of these relations.

Results. We find a very good temporal agreement between the formation of the modelled shock wave and the estimated release times for both electrons and protons. The simultaneous release of protons and electrons suggests a common acceleration process. This early phase is marked at both STEREOs by elevated electron-to-proton ratios that coincide with the highly quasi-perpendicular phase of the shock. These findings suggest that the rapid evolution of the shock as it transits from the low to the high corona modifies the conditions under which particles are accelerated. We discuss these findings in terms of basic geometry and acceleration processes.
Strong magnetic fields of old white dwarfs are symmetric about the stellar rotation axes
Authors: Bagnulo S. , Landstreet J. D.
Published: November 2024

Many magnetic white dwarfs exhibit a polarised spectrum that periodically varies as the star rotates because the magnetic field is not symmetric about the rotation axis. In this work, we report the discovery that while weakly magnetic white dwarfs of all ages with M ≤ 1 M⊙ show polarimetric variability with a period between hours and several days, the large majority of magnetic white dwarfs in the same mass range with cooling ages older than 2 Gyr and field strengths ≥ 10 MG show little or no polarimetric variability. This could be interpreted as extremely slow rotation, but a lack of known white dwarfs with measured periods longer than two weeks means that we do not see white dwarfs slowing their rotation. We therefore suggest a different interpretation: old strongly magnetic white dwarfs do not vary because their fields are roughly symmetric about the rotation axes. Symmetry may either be a consequence of field evolution or a physical characteristic intrinsic to the way strong fields are generated in older stars. Specifically, a strong magnetic field could distort the shape of a star, forcing the principal axis of maximum inertia away from the spin axis. Eventually, as a result of energy dissipation, the magnetic axis will align with the angular momentum axis. We also find that the higher-mass strongly magnetised white dwarfs, which are likely the products of the merging of two white dwarfs, may appear as either polarimetrically variable or constant. This may be the symptom of two different formation channels or the consequence of the fact that a dynamo operating during a merger may produce diverse magnetic configurations. Alternatively, the massive white dwarfs with constant polarisation may be rotating with periods much shorter than the typical exposure times of the observations.
Nuclear de-excitation line emissions from giant molecular clouds
Authors: Shi Zhaodong , Liu Bing , Yang Rui-zhi
Published: November 2024

Understanding how cosmic rays (CRs) propagate within the giant molecular clouds (GMCs) is critical for studying the dynamics and chemical processes inside the clouds. The flux of low-energy CRs inside the dense cores of GMCs strongly affects the heating and ionization of the gases and further influences the star-forming process. We analytically calculated the CR distribution inside GMCs assuming different diffusion coefficients, and estimated the corresponding nuclear de-excitation line emission and the ionization rate resulting from the interaction between the penetrating CRs and gases. We find that future MeV observations can be used as a unique probe to measure the low-energy CR density in situ and test different CR propagation scenario inside GMCs.
Optimizing redshift distribution inference through joint self-calibration and clustering-redshift synergy
Authors: Zheng Weilun , Chuen Chan Kwan , Xu Haojie , Zhang Le , Song Ruiyu
Published: November 2024

Context. Accurately characterizing the true redshift (true-z) distribution of a photometric redshift (photo-z) sample is critical for cosmological analyses in imaging surveys. Clustering-based techniques, which include clustering-redshift (CZ) and self-calibration (SC) methods–depending on whether external spectroscopic data are used–offer powerful tools for this purpose.

Aims. In this study, we explore the joint inference of the true-z distribution by combining SC and CZ (denoted as SC+CZ).

Methods. We derived simple multiplicative update rules to perform the joint inference. By incorporating appropriate error weighting and an additional weighting function, our method shows significant improvement over previous algorithms. We validated our approach using a DES Y3 mock catalog.

Results. The true-z distribution estimated through the combined SC+CZ method is generally more accurate than using SC or CZ alone. To account for the different constraining powers of these methods, we assigned distinct weights to the SC and CZ contributions. The optimal weights, which minimize the distribution error, depend on the relative constraining strength of the SC and CZ data. Specifically, for a spectroscopic redshift sample that amounts to 1% of the photo-z sample, the optimal combination reduces the total error by 20% (40%) compared to using CZ (SC) alone, and it keeps the bias in mean redshift [Δ͞z/(1+z)]
at the level of 0.003. Furthermore, when CZ data are only available in the low-z range and the high-z range relies solely on SC data, SC+CZ enables consistent estimation of the true-z distribution across the entire redshift range.

Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that SC+CZ is an effective tool for constraining the true-z distribution, paving the way for clustering-based methods to be applied at z ≳ 1.
Change in the growth parameters of soft wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) after pretreatment of seeds with a pulsed magnetic field
Authors: Rodenko N.A. , Blednykh O.V. , Glushchenkov V. A. , Degteva Yu. V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of experimental studies on increasing the growth rates of three varieties of soft wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) after pretreatment of seeds with a pulsed magnetic field (PMF). The pulse effect shape is a damped sinusoid, the effect intensity is induction B = (0.53÷5.21) T, the effect duration is microseconds, the number of pulses n = 3 with an interval between them Δτ= 3 s. Previously, the magnetic field effect with such parameters in crop production has not been studied. The greatest stimulating effect of the magnetic field is observed on wheat sprouts of the Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda variety: a statistically significant increase in the length of the sprouts by 3.4-3.6 times compared with the control. An assumption has been made about the mechanism of such a PMF effect on growth indicators: stimulation of oxidative stress in plants, increase in the concentration of mineral elements in the cell due to changes in membrane permeability. The ways of further research are determined.
Main pests and diseases of soybean of the northern ecotype in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone
Authors: Demyanenko E.V. , Fedorova Z.S. , Trunov V.V.
Published: November 2024

For the first time in the Central Region of the Non-Chernozem zone, the main pathogens affecting soybean varieties of the northern ecotype in this region - downy mildew, fusariosis, and growth retardation virus were studied; the degree of their pathogenicity was established. The species composition of potential soybean pests has been established. The economic threshold of nodule weevil injuriousness has been determined. Studies conducted in soybean crops of the northern ecotype in the conditions of the Kaluga region have established a complex of pests and diseases. The main insect pests of soybeans of the northern ecotype are represented by the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, Thysanoptera. The arachnid class is represented by the red spider. The main pathogens affecting soybean varieties of the northern ecotype are fungi of the genus Fusarium sp., Perono-spora, Ascochyta; viruses – growth retardation virus, Southern Mosaic bean virus, Southern Mosaic Virus, Strawberry wither tip virus.
Adaptation of Giant Miscanthus in North-West Region Conditions
Authors: Abdushaeva Yaroslava M.
Published: November 2024

The introduction of a highly productive species of the giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus L.) with high cellulose content in the stems and the extension of the cultivation boundaries of promising varieties and decorative species is relevant. Miscanthus sinensis is native to the southern Primorsky region. This is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Poaceae family, the Panicoideae subfamily. In many countries, the technology of its cultivation is well developed to preserve slowly renewable forest areas. In the early 2000s, in Russia, there was a strong interest in miscanthus, and a promising species was created — the giant miscanthus, a natural hybrid of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. This hybrid does not form inflorescences and does not produce seeds, it reproduces only vegetatively in the conditions of moderate climate of the European part of Russia. Domestic breeders have created the Kamis variety, which in the conditions of the middle strip of Russia gives stable yields up to 15 tons of air-dry mass per hectare. Experiments have been carried out on fallow land and agricultural land in the Oratai agricultural production cooperative to study the characteristics of growth, development and formation of the crop of above-ground mass of the Kamis variety in agro-ecological conditions of the Novgorod region. The characteristics of plant growth and development have been identified depending on weather and soil conditions. The region has about 600 mm of rainfall, which is a limiting factor for miscanthus plants. The development of superterrestrial organs of giant miscanthus plants and their role in crop formation have been established. The creation of highly productive plantations of the giant miscanthus will increase the number of species in the flora of the Novgorod region as a biologically renewable resource.
The effect of peptides on the sowing qualities of wheat seeds
Authors: Shitikova A.V. , Konstantinovich A.V. , Povarnitsyna A.V.
Published: November 2024

The research was conducted in 2024 in a laboratory experiment at the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (Moscow). The use of a complex of short peptides made it possible to influence the intensity of seed germination, having a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of spring wheat seedlings: the weight of 100 pieces of roots increased when treated with KE dipeptide by 48...245% (by 1.7…4.9 g) compared with the control; when treated with AEDG tetrapeptide by 6…47% (by 3.6..7.3 g). At the same time, a significant increase in root length was noted by 17% (by 1.3 cm) when treated with KE dipeptide at a concentration of 1*10-9 g/l; by 16% (by 1.2 cm) when treated with AEDG tetrapeptide at a concentration of 1*10-12 g/l. The height of the sprout increased with a decrease in the concentration of dipeptide KE by 16..26% (by 1.5..2.4 cm); with the use of tetrapeptide AEDG by 33…35% (by 3.3..2.4 cm). The weight of the sprouts (100 pieces) of the grain increased by 27% (by 1.4..1.6 g) compared with the control (dipeptide KE).
Creation of a new variety of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Olymp for the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tormozin M.A. , Zezin N.N. , Zyryantseva A.A. , Belyaev A.V.
Published: November 2024

The article provides a brief description of a new variety of meadow clover Olymp according to morphological, biological, ecological, and economic traits. The study in competitive variety testing was carried out at the breeding site of the Department of breeding and seed production of perennial grasses of the Ural Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Ural Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of a highly productive new variety of meadow clover Olymp. Breeding work on the variety creation began in 1998. Meadow clover of the Olymp variety was obtained on the basis of hybridization in a greenhouse complex of the following parent forms Ogonek × Ermak (7). The variety is diploid type, single-cut. The average yield of green mass in the Volga-Vyatka region was 5.31 t/ha (+0.23 t/ha to the standard), the maximum was 13.86 t/ha (Kirov region, Zuyevsky state crop testing site, 2022). The dry matter content averaged 25.4%. The average yield of green mass in the West Siberian region was 5.15 t/ha, the maximum was 10.00 t/ha (Novosibirsk region, Maslyaninsky state crop testing site, 2021). The dry matter content averaged 27.0%. The growing season before the first mowing is 69-70 days. The seed productivity of the Olymp variety varies from 0.2 to 0.4 t/ha. According to the results of the state variety testing, it is zoned in two regions of the Russian Federation: Volga-Vyatka and West Siberian. The author’s certificate No. 78781 dated 08.02.2024 and patent No. 13355 dated 08.02.2024 were received.
Anatomical and morphological stem structure for modern medium-sized, intensive varieties of soft spring wheat
Authors: Novokhatin V.V.
Published: November 2024

Medium-sized, lodging-resistant varieties differ from long-stemmed ones by a straw length of 14 cm and by 1.3-1.8 cm of the lower internodes. The shortest supporting internode in the Rang, Troll varieties (5.3-6.7 cm), thickened lower internodes in the Rang, Troll, Grekum 114 varieties (2=2.6-2.8 mm; 3= 3,0-3,2-3,4 mm). Apollo, Rank, and Graecum 114 (14.0-14.3 m2/cm) are marked with specific weight of the straw. In medium-sized varieties, there are more vascular-fibrous bundles in the lower internodes, the following are distinguished: Rang (44.9-46.2 pcs.), Grekum 114 (39.8-42.1), Phoebus (39.4-42.8 pcs.). The diameter of large fibrous vascular bundles is more pronounced in Grekum 114, Lerma Rofo, Chapola (141-144 microns). Varieties with an increased number of vascular fibrous bundles have smaller diameters, which contributes to the flexibility of their stems. Medium-ripened ones have a more complete thickness of the straw and sclerenchymatous ring - 2 m-node = 68-72-82 microns; 3 = 56-62 microns, in high-stemmed ones it is 63 microns and 48-50 microns. The conjugation of the number of vascular-fibrous bundles, their diameters with elements of stem morphology is positive – from a weak to medium degree, more pronounced in stem density (0.553-0.653), other conjugations are practically absent, which makes it possible to combine well-expressed anatomical features with optimal stem morphology parameters in the created genotypes.
Lead-based paint’s impact on certain blood parameters, kidney functions and oxidative stress
Authors: Badri Younes Ammar , Sabah Nasir Afyaa
Published: November 2024

Lead is added to the paint to improve its dryness, durability, and resistance to corrosion in addition to adding color. One recognized occupational toxin is lead Increased exposure to lead can have negative health impacts on the body, such as liver, kidney, and nervous system damage. Anemia, hypertension, and a host of other illnesses can also be brought on by it. Many blood indicators, antioxidants, and kidney function of lead-exposed workers were studied in this study. A control group of forty healthy individuals who were not exposed to lead at work and fifty men between the ages of 18 and 50 who work in paint-related professions were chosen. In comparison to the control group, the results indicated an increase in the number of white blood cells and a reduction in the number of red blood cells. We found no difference in the amount of creatinine in the blood of the workers and the control group, except for a rise in the percentage of urea in the blood of the workers compared to the group that was not exposed when conducting renal functions. The results also revealed a significant rise in the levels of both (MDA and CAT).
MIP 3α in aborted females infected with T.gondii and Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Abdulkadir Naji Murtadha , Jabbar Mushattat Sukayna
Published: November 2024

Investigated was the immune response on Macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha levels in aborted females infected with T.gondii and Cytomegalovirus in infected patients serum. The samples were collected from aborted females from 2023/10/1 to 2024/4/1 than diagnosed in the infection with T.gondii and Cytomeglovirus by detection their IgG and IgM antibodies levels in their serum. The number of females that this study examined was 150, classified into 3 groups, the number for references during study period 30 which are G1, 60 aborted females for unknown reasons as G2 and 60 females infected with T.gondii and Cytomegalovirus as G3. Demonstrated was the significant increase in level of MIP 3α in blood samples in the studied groups of population.
Identification of beta-lactamase genes in Nitrofurantoin-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated from pregnant women using molecular techniques
Authors: Sabah Mahdi Zuhair , Salim Saaid Tuwaij Nabil
Published: November 2024

The predominant infection among pregnant women is urinary tract infection (UTIs), which may lead to various complications. So, this investigation was to detect gram-negative UTIs isolates and beta-lactam resistance genes. The study included 100 (28.57%) inpatient pregnant women and 250 (71.42%) outpatient pregnant women treated at Al-Zahraa teaching hospital for children’s health and maternity, Al-Najaf City, Iraq. Finding showed that The majority of the age group was 31-40 years old which involved 80 (22.85%) growth and 45 (12.85%) no growth. Results also showed the high rate of bacteria among pregnant women in third-trimester was 127 (36.28%). According Kirby-Bauer methods, only 33/150 (22%) of gram-negative isolates were nitrofurantoin-resistant. Results of PCR amplification showed that all 33 out of 33 (100%) gram negative isolates had the ctx-m gene. Additionally, a significant prevalence of AmpC gene was discovered in 32 out of 33 isolates (96.96%). The veb gene, on the other hand, was only detected in P. aeruginosa isolates, with a prevalence of 1 out of 33 (3.03%). The PCR findings revealed the presence of oxa-like 5 genes in 12.12% (4/33) of the isolates. Although oxa-69 was not identified in this study.
New Schiff base and their complexes Mn-(II), Co-(II), Pd-(II): Synthesis, Characterization and Biological activity
Authors: Habeeb Aqbal A. , Sarhan Waleed M.
Published: November 2024

This study reports on the synthesis of novel ligands Schiff bases and their complexes (L, N2) made of 2-aminopyridine and 5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione. The elemental microanalysis, melting point, and spectroscopic methods (FT.IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and TGA curves) were used to characterise the ligands. Certain metal salts [Co(II), Pd(II)] react with these ligands to generate a range of complexes with the general formula [(M) (L) Cl2], where M(II) = Co and Pd.FT.IR, 1HNMR, UV/Visbil spectroscopy, elemental micro analysis (C.H.N.), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, and melting point were used to characterise them. The ligand L complexes are not electrolyte, as shown by the aforementioned measurements, which also suggested the following shape for the produced complexes. The biological efficacy of ligands and complexes was investigated using two kinds of bacteria and one kind of each: With the exception of the [Pd] complex, which has a square planer, all complexes containing the ligand [L] have a tetrahedral octahedral geometry around the metal ion. Measurements of fungus’ molar conductivity also had an impact on the species under investigation.
Antioxidant study and Molecular docking of sugar-triazole derivatives
Authors: Hmeidi Hawraa M.
Published: November 2024

We synthesized a several of sugars-triazole derivatives containing different groups and studied their biological activity with studding molecular docking of these derivatives. To determination antioxidant activity of these derivatives DPPH was used for this purpose. DPPH radicals react with reactive species and scavenging ROS when antioxidant reacted with DPPH radical when donate a hydrogen atom or transfer electron. Molecular docking data of derivatives with spike covid19 (6W41) gives good results can be used in future on how to deal with and treat the virus.
Influence of CMS as a biostimulant on cabbage production (Brassica oleracea var .capitata) under surface irrigation system
Authors: Nofal O.A. , Abo Horish M.A. , Al-Mhameed H.M.
Published: November 2024

At a private farm, Sayed Ramadan in Ayat, Giza governorate, Egypt, two field experiments were conducted in the winter of 2021-2022 and 2022–2023 to investigate the influence of CMS compound on the growth and yield characteristics of cabbage. The nutritional balance attained by spraying CMS compound often resulted in a physiological improvement in the cabbage crop (Brassica oleracea var .capitata)., as evidenced by the crop’s features when compared to the control on clay soil. The application of CMS, as a yeast by product, at a rate of 15 ml/l produced the greatest, head circumference (26.61%) and (22.88%), head weight (119.23%) and (126.45%), SPAD (45.72%) and (12.80%), yield ton/ feddan (39.36%) and (43.10%), N (99.87%) and (21.52%), P (43.33%) and (74.79%), K (81.14%) and (14.55%), Fe (7.19%) and (4.72%), Mn (14.81%) and (32.88%), Zn (25.93%) and (23.93%), in cabbage compared with control in both seasons, respectively. Economically, CMS compound at rate gave the net returns (45439 L.E. /fed) and (56864 L.E. /fed) in the both season respectively compared with control and other treatments.
PCR detection of spreading TEM and CTX-M gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infection
Authors: Ali Hasan Kashkool Duha , Shakir Al-Muhanna Abbas
Published: November 2024

Mostly, urine is devoid of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making it sterile. However, an infection may arise when minuscule organisms, mostly bacteria from the digestive system, attach to the urethral opening and proliferate, leading to infections. This research seeks to identify the B-lactam genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae linked with infections, as well as their resistance to treatments. This inquiry specifically focuses on this aspect. The primary focus of the study was identifying bacterial isolates by established diagnostic methods. The secondary objective was to assess the resistance and sensitivity of antibiotics. Lastly, the study used the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method to ascertain the presence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. Within the period from November 2022 to June 2023, a 540 clinical samples were gathered from patients with urinary tract infections at Al-Hakim General Hospital, Al-Sadr City Hospital, Al-Furate Al-Awsat Hospital, and Al-Zahra Maternity and Children in AL-Najaf governorate. A total of 120 samples were found to be tainted with Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study assessed the sensitivity of the test using the disk diffusion method. The findings indicated that Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited high levels of resistance to a road scope of antibiotics, namely Ampicillin/sulbactam, Ampicillin, and Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid. Additionally, some isolates showed resistance to Cefotaxime. The experiment yielded diverse outcomes for the quinolone, aminoglycoside, and macrolide groups. Among the 120 samples that were examined, 87 of them showed positive results for K. pneumoniae when the PCR technique was used to detect the presence of the blaCTX-M gene. On the other hand, 36 samples tested positive for K. pneumoniae when the blaTEM gene was used. The specimens were obtained from the urine of individuals diagnosed with urinary tract infections.
Status of Malaria Infection in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhejely Amani
Published: November 2024

Malaria generally referred as a vector-borne parasite infection that possess a notable public health challenge in developing countries mainly in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the current status of malaria in different regions of Saudi Arabia, focusing on its epidemiology, transmission, available drugs, vaccines and existing prevention strategies. Highlighting the factors that contribute to the development of disease such as temperature, rainfall, migration along the borders, unhygienic places that are favorable for parasite. Moreover, this review also help to suggest the evaluation of the current medical approaches, anti-malarial drugs and medicinal plant that are used in Saudi Arabia to fight against malaria infection specifically caused by P. falciparum parasite mainly in the border areas.
The live collection of sedentary nematodes of the Laboratory of plant parasitic nematodes of the CP IPEE RAS: The purpose of creation and the guidelines to maintenance
Authors: Butorina Natalia , Plykina Maria , Pustov Nikita , Khudyakova Elena , Ivanov Anton
Published: November 2024

The Collection of sedentary nematodes of the Laboratory of plant parasitic nematodes of the A.N.Severtsov IPEE of the Russian Academy of Sciences was established three years ago in order to maintain cultures of live nematodes, which are harmful agricultural pests. Currently, the Collection contains two species of root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood, 1949 and Meloidogyne hapla, Chitwood, 1949, and four cyst-forming species: Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871, Heterodera filipjevi Stelter, 1984, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952, Globodera rostochiensis Skarbilovich, 1959. The Collection is used as a repository of invasive material necessary for conducting research on plant parasitic nematodes. Materials of the Collection are used for demonstration during practical seminars for students, postgraduates and plant protection specialists. Also, according to the existing agreement, the collection material is intended for exchange with colleagues nematologists from specialized scientific research institutions of the Russian Federation. The present publication contains data on the technical equipment of the climatic room for plants, light and temperature conditions, materials used in the creation of the Collection, the species of nematodes maintained in the Collection and the maintenance guidelines.
Behavioral activity of dairy cows milked in a free traffic automated milking system
Authors: Sharipov Delyus , Yakimov Oleg , Akhmetzyanova Firaya , Kashaeva Aliya , Gasimova Gulshat , Frolov Gennady
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral activity of lactating cows kept in an automatic milking system (AMS) with free cow traffic. Thirty-two lactating Holstein dairy cows (13 primiparous and 19 multiparous) with a lactation number of 1.94 ± 0.2 (mean ± SD), days in milk of 152 ± 13.2 d, and a milk yield of 31.0 ± 1.8 kg/d were enrolled in the study. The cows had access to 2 single-box AMS. Durations of individual acts of behavior was determined by visual observations of individual cows over 3 days and was calculated for each day of observation. Cows spent 280.8 ± 11.2 min/d eating. This eating time was dividing into 9.2 ± 0.4 bouts/d, which lasted 30.7 ± 1.0 min. This accounted for 19.5% of total time spent eating. The cows' lying time was 660.9 ± 27.9 min/d, lying bout frequency was 7.4 ± 0.4 bouts/d, and the lying bout duration was 89.2 ± 23.3 min/bout and accounted for 45.9% of the total time spent lying. The rumination activity time of cows was 508.0±3.6 min/d, the rumination activity bout frequency was 11.9±0.4 bouts/d, and the duration of a rumination activity bout was 39.3 ± 1.0 min. This accounted for 36,2% of total time spent rumination activity. The standing time of cows was 779.1 ± 27.9 min/d or 54.1% of the total time, and the walking time of cows was 10.3 ± 0.5 min/d or 0.7% of the total time. The milking time of cows is 20.49 ± 0.92 min/d (or 1.4% of the total time), milking frequency is 3.2 ± 0.1 times per day, milking bout duration is 5.49 ± 0.92 min/times. These results add to body of literature on cow behavioral activity under AMS conditions.
Intensification of the process of ergosterol accumulation by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by changing the composition of the culture medium and using ultrasound
Authors: Stepanova D.S. , Kalinina I.V. , Fatkullin R.I. , Naumenko N.V.
Published: November 2024

The chemical synthesis of vitamin D2, an important nutrient for living organisms, is complex due to the asymmetric structure of the vitamin molecule. This opens up significant prospects for the development of biotechnological approaches to cyanocobalamin synthesis, which forms the basis of this work. The study considers the possibility of using nutrient media of different compositions, as well as ultrasound exposure to intensify the biosynthesis of ergosterol by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a precursor of vitamin D2. The standard YEPD medium is considered as a nutrient medium, as well as low-carb and sodium nitrate dilution. The modes of ultrasonic exposure varied in power and processing time, 9 variants were evaluated. Together, the intensification of the process of ergosterol biosynthesis by yeast cells can ensure the economic viability, stability, and expediency of its production on an industrial scale. The research results have shown the expediency of the proposed approaches. Thus, the introduction of sodium nitrate into the nutrient medium allowed for an increase in synthesized ergosterol in the yeast biomass by 18.2% compared with the standard medium. Optimization of ultrasonic treatment modes has shown the possibility of achieving the synthesis of ergosterol to a content of 11.82% per dry matter.
Rapid method for the bovine zygotes vitrification
Authors: Makutina V.A. , Isaeva A.G. , Krivonogova A.S. , Petropavlovsky M.V. , Musikhina N.B.
Published: November 2024

For the first time, rapid vitrification method was used for bovine zygotes. According to the results of zygote survival, as well as the rate of embryos cleavage obtained after warming of zygotes cryopreserved by rapid vitrification, no significant differences were found between the modified and standard vitrification methods. Survival rates were similar in both groups (92.0% and 93.0%, respectively). The rate of blastocysts formation was 180.40 ± 6.17 hours in the control group during vitrification of zygotes according to the standard protocol, 179.85 ± 9.12 according to the modified protocol; there were no statistically significant differences between groups. The rapid vitrification method reduce the time oocytes and zygotes are hold at suboptimal temperature and osmolarity, thereby preserving the potential suitability of oocytes for gene editing and long-term cryopreservation in cryobanks.
The combinational ability of genotypes in terms of reproduction in different climatic zones of the Russian Federation
Authors: Mukhtarova O.M. , Amerkhanov Kh.A.
Published: November 2024

This article presents the results of a study of the reproductive characteristics of Holstein cattle bred in four different climatic zones of the Russian Federation: subtropical, temperate continental, sharply continental, and Arctic. The study analyzed a sample of more than 14 thousand first-calf heifers. The main purpose of the work was to study the combinational ability of various lines of the Holstein breed according to key reproduction indicators, such as the age of the first calving, the calving period, the service period, the indifference period, the duration of pregnancy, the coefficient of reproductive ability, the Doha index, and the insemination index. The results of the study showed that the most favorable reproduction indicators were obtained in the III (sharply continental) and IV (Arctic) climatic zones using combinations of lines of bulls and cows V.B.A. x R.S. and R.S. x V.B.A. In general, the state of livestock reproduction in the studied regions is at a good level, as evidenced by the optimal values of the coefficient of reproductive ability, the Doha index and the insemination index. These data emphasize the importance of considering epigenetic factors and phenotypic expression of genotypes in various climatic conditions for the effective use of the genetic potential of Holstein cattle in different regions of Russia.
The effect of coriander and fennel fruits on the productive qualities of laying hens during puberty
Authors: Gavrikov Andrey , Ostrenko Konstantin S.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study was to study the effect of coriander and fennel essential oils on the zootechnical and physiological indicators of productivity of laying hens during puberty, as well as on the health of laying hens against the background of the use of an essential oil supplement. The results of the study showed noticeable changes in the productive indicators of laying hens such as egg production, egg weight, egg composition. In addition, the condition of the animals was considered against the background of the use of the additive by weighing the animals and examining the parameters of the blood cell count. The use of additives of phytogens coriander and fennel by poultry did not reveal a negative effect on the body of laying hens by studying the growth and weight of poultry during the period from the beginning of the experiment and throughout its entire duration.
Histological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract organs of broilers of the Smena 8 and Cobb 500 crosses
Authors: Seryakova Alexandra , Cherepanova Nadezhda , Savchuk Svetlana , Semak Anna , Prosekova Elena
Published: November 2024

A comparative study of the growth patterns of the layers of the digestive tube was conducted in two broiler crosses, Smena 8 and Cobb 500. Histological studies were performed on days 1, 7 and 42. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The size of the layers was measured on sections of the glandular section of the stomach and intestine, and relative values were calculated. In the Smena 8 cross, by the end of the experiment, compared with the daily age, the relative size of the mucous membrane of the glandular section of the stomach (6.1%) and the villi of the proximal part of the cecum (5.9%) decreased, while the relative size of the submucosa of the stomach (2.3%), villi of the duodenum (1.5%) and the muscular membrane of the proximal part of the cecum (7.5%) increased. In the Cobb 500 cross, changes in these structures were in the opposite direction. The villi of the jejunum and proximal part of the cecum increased by 8.2 and 21.6%. In both crosses, the relative size of the crypt layer and the muscular plate of the mucous membrane in the jejunum and proximal part of the cecum decreased. At the age of one week, the submucosa of the glandular part of the stomach in the Cobb 500 cross increased by 9.9%. We assume that better development of the submucosa of the stomach at the beginning of life together with the development of villi of the jejunum and proximal part of the cecum contribute to more effective formation of productive qualities of broilers of the Cobb 500 cross.
Requirements for a cognitive map of the crop production industry during the transition to a single digital economic management platform in agriculture
Authors: Budzko Vladimir , Medennikov Viktor
Published: November 2024

The experience and consequences of developing a unified cognitive map of the crop production industry in the digital era, based on integrated technologies for processing information resources, are considered in this article. It is shown that the traditional approach to designing cognitive maps is not suitable for agriculture, since the map includes a huge number of indicators (946), which change their impact on target settings with great dynamics during the year depending on the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of fields, the type of agricultural technologies in accordance with Liebig's law. The multicriterial nature of the target function of production of agricultural products creates additional difficulties, since it must consider, for example, agronomic and economic profit, product quality, ecosystem constraints. A unified digital platform for agricultural management, generated by an attempt to form a unified crop cognitive map, should form the basis for the effective implementation of precision farming and artificial intelligence in the industry. However, for this, the transition in field experiments should be carried out to comprehensive scientific research consistent with the digital transformation of the industry.
Automated counting of large vertebrate species using AutoML technology
Authors: Sobolevskii Vladislav , Kolpaschikov Leonid , Rosenfeld Sophia , Mikhailov Vladimir
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the presented work is to develop an automation system for synthesizing models of automatic recognition of different animal species in photo and video images. The paper presents a system for recognizing and counting two large vertebrate species - reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and white-cheeked goose (Branta bernicla) on aerial images. The AutoGenNet recognition system is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) of Mask R-CNN architecture using the concept of automatic machine learning (AutoML). The created system is able to automate a number of stages of model creation for recognizing objects in images. In particular, the presented system utilizes transfer learning. This approach significantly reduces the amount of training data required. The CNN model is synthesized automatically based on the images marked up by AutoGenNet system. To learn the Mask R-CNN model and to test the recognition accuracy, we used the images of reindeer herds obtained during aerial surveys in Taimyr and the images of brant goose flocks taken in different regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. On average, the trained software correctly recognised 82% of reindeer on the test array. Correctly recognizable brant geese accounted for 65% across the entire data set tested. Considering that this model of different animal species recognition was created automatically, with minimal involvement of machine learning specialists, this result indicates the successful application of the AutoML approach.
Topical issues of risk assessment of lending to agro-industrial enterprises
Authors: Novikova N.Yu. , Kotova O.V. , Kurdyumov Alexander V. , Lylov Anton S. , Vorotilova O.A.
Published: November 2024

The article outlines the directions of assessing the credit risk of a corporate borrower of the bank, highlights the special importance of lending to agricultural enterprises. The set of credit risk components is analyzed from the perspective of the bank's losses. A variable approach to credit risk assessment using corrective risk factors is described. The essential role of corporate underwriting in the process of credit risk assessment is disclosed.
Problems of assessment and analysis of climate risks in agricultural organizations
Authors: Kolomeeva Elena S. , Babanskaya Anastasia S. , Migunov Rishat A.
Published: November 2024

The ongoing climate change affects all aspects of people's lives. At the same time, agro-industrial organizations, due to the specifics of their activities, are the most exposed to climate risks and must have an effective system for recording and disclosing information, as well as take care of environmental protection. The absence of an effective system for collecting information, assessing, analyzing and adapting to climate risks at the corporate level can significantly worsen the financial position of the organization and its efficiency.
The impact of environmental innovation on the sustainable development of small enterprises
Authors: Khasanova Malika , Baskhanova Maryam , Gazetdinov Shamil
Published: November 2024

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in driving economic growth by not only enhancing economic activities but also promoting equitable development and providing employment opportunities with lower capital needs. Business sustainability requires SMEs to assess themselves, identify improvement opportunities, leverage their strengths, and devise strategies for future organizational development. In India, SMEs often encounter difficulties and may become unsustainable or even cease operations due to factors such as poor management and a shortsighted approach. Therefore, the primary objective of this chapter is to explore whether adopting sustainable models can help SMEs innovate and thrive. This paper aims to discuss various sustainable concepts prevalent in the knowledge world, emphasizing the need and importance of adopting sustainable and innovative approaches for sustained success. Specifically, it seeks to address questions such as: What constitutes innovation for SMEs? How can innovation in SMEs drive growth and sustainability?
The role of sustainable development strategies in reducing socioeconomic disparities in heart health: A biological approach
Authors: Khamchiev Kureysh , Shandaulov Asylbek , Absatirova Venus , Mukhtar Nursulu , Chochaeva Marina
Published: November 2024

This article explores the biological mechanisms through which socioeconomic factors impact heart health and examines how sustainable development interventions can mitigate these effects. Biological pathways linking socioeconomic status to cardiovascular health include stress response, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and access to healthcare interact with these pathways, influencing disease susceptibility and progression. Sustainable development strategies, encompassing policies aimed at promoting equitable access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, can positively impact cardiovascular health. By addressing social determinants of health, such interventions have the potential to mitigate the biological effects of socioeconomic disparities on heart health. This article reviews existing literature on the biological mechanisms linking socioeconomic status to cardiovascular health outcomes and explores the role of sustainable development strategies in reducing these disparities. It underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches that integrate biological, social, and economic perspectives to achieve cardiovascular health equity in the context of sustainable development.