bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untargeted lipidomics analysis in women with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive study
Authors: Bertran Laia , Capellades Jordi , Abelló Sonia , Aguilar Carmen , Auguet Teresa , Richart Cristóbal
Published: May 2024

There is a phenotype of obese individuals termed metabolically healthy obese that present a reduced cardiometabolic risk. This phenotype offers a valuable model for investigating the mechanisms connecting obesity and metabolic alterations such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Previously, in an untargeted metabolomics analysis in a cohort of morbidly obese women, we observed a different lipid metabolite pattern between metabolically healthy morbid obese individuals and those with associated T2DM. To validate these findings, we have performed a complementary study of lipidomics. In this study, we assessed a liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer untargeted lipidomic analysis on serum samples from 209 women, 73 normal-weight women (control group) and 136 morbid obese women. From those, 65 metabolically healthy morbid obese and 71 with associated T2DM. In this work, we find elevated levels of ceramides, sphingomyelins, diacyl and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and phosphoethanolamines in morbid obese vs normal weight. Conversely, decreased levels of acylcarnitines, bile acids, lyso-phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylinositols, and phosphoethanolamine PE (O-38:4) were noted. Furthermore, comparing morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO, a distinct lipid profile emerged, featuring increased levels of metabolites: deoxycholic acid, diacylglycerol DG (36:2), triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphoethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, and lyso-phosphatidylinositol LPI (16:0). To conclude, analysing both comparatives, we observed decreased levels of deoxycholic acid, PC (34:3), and PE (O-38:4) in morbid obese women vs normal-weight. Conversely, we found elevated levels of these lipids in morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO. These profiles of metabolites could be explored for the research as potential markers of metabolic risk of T2DM in morbid obese women.
Quantifying fire-induced changes in ground vegetation using bitemporal terrestrial laser scanning
Authors:   School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland, Tienaho Noora , Saarinen Ninni , Yrttimaa Tuomas , Kankare Ville , Vastaranta Mikko
Published: May 2024

Forest fires pose a significant threat to forest carbon storage and sinks, yet they also play a crucial role in the natural dynamics of boreal forests. Accurate quantification of biomass changes resulting from forest fires is essential for damage assessment and controlled burning evaluation. This study utilized terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to quantify changes in ground vegetation resulting from low-intensity surface fires. TLS data were collected before and after controlled burnings at eight one-hectare test sites in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) dominated boreal forests in Finland. A surface differencing-based method was developed to identify areas exposed to fire. Validation, based on visual interpretation of 1 × 1 m surface patches (n = 320), showed a recall, precision, and F1-score of 0.9 for the accuracy of identifying burned surfaces. The developed method allowed the assessment of the magnitude of fire-induced vegetation changes within the test sites. The proportions of burned 1 × 1 m areas within the test sites varied between 51–96%. Total volumetric change in ground vegetation was on average –1200 m³ ha-1, with burning reducing the vegetation volume by 1700 m³ ha-1 and vegetation growth increasing it by 500 m³ ha-1. Substantial variations in the volumetric changes within and between the test sites were detected, highlighting the complex dynamics of surface fires, and emphasizing the importance of having observations from multiple sites. This study demonstrates that bitemporal TLS measurements provide a robust means for characterizing fire-induced changes, facilitating the assessment of the impact of surface fires on forest ecosystems.
Revolutionizing Anticoagulation
Authors: Stibbs Peter , Tomara Oso , Wong James , White Benjamin
Published: May 2024

This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic rationale for targeting FXI and FXII, pivotal preclinical studies, and the outcomes of clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of these innovative anticoagulants. We delve into the comparative advantages over existing anticoagulants, discuss potential applications in clinical practice, including the prophylaxis and treatment of DVT and PE, and highlight the implications for patients with contraindications to current therapies. Moreover, we explore ongoing challenges, such as the need for extensive clinical trials to establish long- term safety profiles, strategies for managing bleeding complications, and the integration of these agents into clinical guidelines. In concluding, we project the future landscape of anticoagulation therapy, emphasizing the transformative potential of FXI and FXII inhibitors in offering a more tailored, safer approach to thromboprophylaxis. This exhaustive review aims to equip clinicians and researchers with a detailed understanding of the current state of FXI and FXII inhibition and its promising horizon in anticoagulation therapy.
Inter-relação entre síndrome metabólica e periodontite: revisão de literatura e perspectivas futuras
Authors: Hernandes Ana Carolina Punhagui , Sávio Débora de Souza Ferreira , Milleto Nathália Marensi , Nassar Raquel de Souza Franco , Messora Michel Reis , Furlaneto Flávia Aparecida Chaves
Published: May 2024

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é reunir evidências científicas sobre a inter-relação entre a periodontite (PE) e a síndrome metabólica (SM). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas buscas na base de dados PubMed no período entre 2008 e 2024 utilizando a seguinte estratégia de busca: “metabolic syndrome” OR “syndrome X” AND “periodontitis” OR “periodontal diseases”. RESULTADOS: A busca resultou em um total de 66 artigos, sendo 20 deles selecionados. Posteriormente, mais 4 artigos foram incluídos por meio de busca complementar na lista de referências dos artigos selecionados. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se afirmar que há uma associação entre a PE e a SM e, também, uma inter-relação bidirecional entre a PE e alguns componentes da SM, como hiperglicemia, obesidade e dislipidemia. A PE e a SM compartilham o mesmo perfil inflamatório e os mesmos fatores de risco. Futuros ensaios longitudinais e intervencionistas com metodologias bem delineadas são necessários para melhor elucidar os efeitos da SM no início e na progressão da PE, bem como os impactos da PE e do tratamento periodontal nas alterações metabólicas e inflamatórias sistêmicas em indivíduos com SM. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Síndrome metabólica. Síndrome metabólica X. Periodontite. Doenças periodontais.
Case Repor Case Report and X t and X-ray Microtomography and Scanning Electr aphy and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Teeth with Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Authors:   Department of Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, rwippelm@hotmail.com, W. Marinoni Rodrigo , G. Silva Thiago ,   Department of Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, tgs04@hotmail.com, S. Benato Leonardo ,   Department of Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, lsbenato@gmail.com, M B Rumbelsperger Anelize ,   Department of Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, anelize.bahniuk@ufpr.br, Adilson Soares de Lima Antonio ,   Department of Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, aas.lima@ufpr.br
Published: May 2024

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a genetic disease characterized by producing morphological and structural changes in tooth enamel. Objective: To highlight the morphological changes observed in teeth with hypocalcified AI based on scanning electron microscopy and microtomography analysis. Case report: An adult male had teeth seriously compromised by hypocalcified AI. The treatment plan involved removal of third molars followed by restorative and prosthetic treatment. After extraction, the teeth were analyzed by SEM and X-ray microtomography (microCT). Teeth with AI revealed the presence of microfractures arranged from the outer surface to the center of the enamel. Microfractures had a cracked or “cracked ground” pattern. SEM confirmed the presence of microfractures and distortion in the orientation of the enamel prisms in some regions. Conclusion: Teeth of patients with hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta IIIA subtype show significant structural changes that are closely related with the ease of fractures.
Measure the Readiness of Food MSME System to Save Food System through the Market System During Pandemic COVID-19 (Case Study: SME Snack Food Cluster in Temanggung Regency)
Authors: Hutama Surya Tri Esthi Wira , Hadi Muhammad Indra , Wijaya Holi Bina
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the global economy, especially for businesses. One of the business actors and sectors that are most directly affected are the MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) actors. MSMEs have a vital role in this situation because they can directly affect local villages' food systems and economic movement. One of them is the production of snacks, namely the business activity of processing raw materials (commodities) into food products up to the marketing stage. Snack SMEs are expected to adapt during a pandemic, considering that food is a crucial need quickly. The location studied in this study is Temanggung Regency as a district with high local potential and running many micro and small businesses such as snack food MSMEs in Central Java, Indonesia. This research aims to measure the readiness and adaptation so that snack MSMEs can survive. The analysis method is carried out with a market system framework approach starting from raw materials, processing, and marketing stages. The data of this study were obtained from primary data collected through interviews and questionnaires of MSME cluster actors in Temanggung District. This study indicates that the readiness of business actors with a new market system framework through the use of technology in SME snacks makes business actors survive in the era of the COVID19 pandemic.
Molecular Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Its Complexes with Curcumin and Nicotinamide in Drug Delivery Applications: Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Study
Authors: Afiyah Luthfiyah Hana , Hudiyanti Dwi , Djunaidi M. Cholid , Prasasti Vivitri Dewi , Hildayani Suci Zulaikha , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: May 2024

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs) is a chitosan-derived compound usually used as a carrier matrix in drug delivery systems. There are three types of CMCs based on the location of carboxyl group substitution: N-CMCs, O-CMCs, and N,O-CMCs. The ability of CMCs as a carrier is related to the ability of CMCs to interact with drug molecules. In this work, curcumin and nicotinamide were used as drug models. The ability of CMCs to interact with drug models can be observed by the amount of interaction energy generated when CMCs interact with curcumin and nicotinamide. The purpose of this study is to determine the interaction energy generated when CMCs interact with curcumin and nicotinamide using molecular docking and molecular dynamic methods. The results showed the interaction energy between O-CMCs, N-CMCs, and N,O-CMCs (2 and 3 monomers) with curcumin and nicotinamide, respectively, ranged from -17.08 to -13.37 and -12.05 to -11.00 Kj/mol. Conformational changes in molecular dynamic simulations affect bond-free energy, RMSD, and potential energy complex values.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Kepundung Fruit Peel (Baccauera Racemose) and Their Application in Mercury Detection Using Digital Image Colorimetric Methods
Authors: Habibie Irhas Anugrahadi , Ningsih Apriliya , Kusuma Yogi Dian , Wardani Riska Sukma , Rismawati Dhity , Murniati Murniati
Published: May 2024

Mercury is a dangerous and toxic metal, thus necessitating an analytical method to ascertain its presence. Traditional methods for mercury analysis often involve costly instruments and specialized expertise. However, the Digital Image Colorimetry (DIC) method is an alternative for mercury detection due to its speed, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. This research aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Kepundung fruit peel (Baccaurea racemosa) extract as a mercury detector. Baccaurea racemosa has secondary metabolite compounds that can act as natural reducing agents (bioreductors) in synthesizing silver into nanoparticles. AgNPs were optimized and characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, PSA, and XRD instruments. Mercury detection was explained using RGB Detector and ImageJ. The research results revealed that the optimal conditions for synthesizing AgNPs involved a concentration of 1% extract and a pH of 7. The properties of the AgNPs included a maximum absorption at wavelengths of 400-450 nm, an average particle size of 122.7 nm, a face-centered cubic crystal structure, and characteristic functional groups at wavenumbers of 3453 cm-1, 1700-1600 cm-1, and 1445 cm-1. These spectral features suggested the presence of phytochemical compounds serving as bioreductants. Optimal results for mercury detection were achieved using Whatman paper no. 41 at pH 7. Mercury was detected successfully, whereas Pb2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+ ions were not detected. The validation test obtained a LoD of 0.099 ppm, a LoQ of 0.330 ppm, and a coefficient value (R2) of 0.997, indicating good measurement linearity. Further research can be developed to increase the sensitivity of mercury detection with lower concentrations and extend its application to environmental samples.
Optimization of Chitosan-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Membrane Modification with PVA to Increase Creatinine and Urea Permeation Efficiency
Authors: Annisa Riska Nurfirda , Lusiana Retno Ariadi , Gunawan Gunawan , Muhtar Hasan
Published: May 2024

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modified chitosan-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) membrane has been successfully fabricated and used as a dialysis membrane. This research aims to examine the manufacturing process, characterization, and dialysis performance of CMC and PVA-modified chitosan membranes. The membrane used the phase inversion method in acetic acid solvent with 5 CS:CMC: PVA dope compositions. Based on FTIR data, the modification process did not produce new spectra. Furthermore, the interaction produces a membrane with higher physical characteristics in terms of porosity, swelling, water uptake, hydrophilicity, and pH resistance values, which increase by 1.5–115%. Meanwhile, chitosan modification makes the membrane structure different from the original, requiring a longer degradation time. The modification also increased the permeation ability of urea by 17–65% and creatinine permeation by 20–62%. Membranes have the ability to be used more than once.
Perfiles clínicos, bioquímicos y moleculares de tres neonatos de Sri Lanka con déficit de piruvato carboxilasa
Authors: Jasinge Eresha , Fernando Mihika , Indika Neluwa-Liyanage Ruwan , Ratnayake Pyara Dilani , Gamaathige Nalin , Ratnaranjith Ratnanathan , Schroeder Sabine , Jones Patricia , Volha Skrahina , Jayasena Subhashinie , Gunaratna Anusha Varuni , Ekanayake Asitha Niroshana Bandara , Rolfs Arndt
Published: May 2024

Objetivos

La piruvato carboxilasa (PC), una enzima mitocondrial, cataliza la conversión de piruvato, producto final de la glucólisis, en oxaloacetato, un intermediario del ciclo del ácido tricarboxílico. El déficit de piruvato carboxilasa, un trastorno raro, se manifiesta en tres fenotipos clínicos y bioquímicos: tipo de inicio neonatal (tipo A), tipo de inicio infantil (tipo B) y un tipo benigno (tipo C).

Caso clínico

Presentamos el caso de tres neonatos de Sri Lanka, incluidos dos hermanos, de dos familias no emparentadas, con déficit de piruvato carboxilasa (DPC). Los tres desarrollaron dificultad respiratoria en las primeras horas de vida. Los dos hermanos presentaron las alteraciones bioquímicas típicas del tipo B. El tercer neonato presentaba niveles normales de citrulina y lisina, niveles moderados de lactato, lesiones quísticas paraventriculares, deformidades óseas y una nueva variante homocigótica sin sentido c.2746G>C [p.(Asp916His)] en el gen PC, indicativos bioquímicos de DPC tipo A.

Conclusiones

Nuestros hallazgos indican la urgencia de realizar estudios analíticos en los neonatos que presenten taquipnea con acidosis metabólica concomitante, dado que la identificación temprana es crucial para el manejo del paciente y la prestación de consejo genético a la familia. Son necesarios más estudios para identificar los síntomas y alteraciones bioquímicas concurrentes en los diferentes fenotipos de déficit de piruvato carboxilasa.
Capacidad de detección de sobrecrecimiento bacteriano o metanogénico intestinal de los test de aliento para intolerancia a lactosa y fructosa en población adulta
Authors: Laserna Mendieta Emilio José , Martín Dominguez Verónica , Pérez Lucendo Irene , Granero Cremades Inmaculada , Ferreirós Martínez Raquel , Álvarez Malé Tomás , Sanz De Benito María Ángeles , Santander Cecilio
Published: May 2024

Objetivos

Los test de aliento espirado (TAE) son la principal herramienta diagnóstica en la evaluación de la malabsorción/intolerancia a fructosa (IF) y lactosa (IL) y para la detección del sobrecrecimiento bacteriano o metanógenico intestinal (SCBI/SCMI). En ocasiones, los TAE-IF/IL muestran hallazgos sugerentes de la presencia de SCBI o SCMI, pero los estudios que evalúan la fiabilidad de éstos son escasos. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la sensibilidad y especificidad de los TAE-IF/IL en la detección de SCBI y la concordancia en la identificación de SCMI.

Métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo donde se seleccionaron entre 652 TAE realizados mediante cromatografía de gases aquellos TAE-IF/IL y TAE-SCBI hechos en un mismo paciente en un plazo máximo de 6 semanas.

Resultados

Se encontraron 146 TAE de 67 pacientes adultos que cumplieron el criterio de selección. La especificidad para la detección de SCBI fue mejor para el TAE-IL que para TAE-IF (93,8 vs. 72,7 %). La sensibilidad fue más alta para el TAE-IF (60,0 vs. 28,6 %), porque se observó un mayor porcentaje de IF que de IL entre los pacientes con SCBI positivo (70 vs. 29 %). Para SCMI, la concordancia fue del 100 % para TAE-IL y hubo un 27 % de falsos negativos en TAE-IF.

Conclusiones

Los hallazgos de SCBI o SCMI encontrados en el TAE-IL son altamente concordantes con los obtenidos en la prueba TAE-SCBI, mientras que los TAE-IF presentan en torno a un 27 % de falsos positivos en la detección de SCBI y otro 27 % de falsos negativos en la identificación de SCMI.
A novel numerical approach to solutions of fractional Bagley-Torvik equation fitted with a fractional integral boundary condition
Authors: Aljazzazi Mazin , Maayah Banan , Djeddi Nadir , Al-Smadi Mohammed , Momani Shaher
Published: May 2024

In this work, we present a sophisticated operating algorithm, the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method, to investigate the approximate numerical solutions for a specific class of fractional Begley-Torvik equations (FBTE) equipped with fractional integral boundary condition. Such fractional integral boundary condition allows us to understand the non-local behavior of FBTE along with the given domain. The algorithm methodology depends on creating an orthonormal basis based on reproducing kernel function that satisfies the constraint boundary conditions so that the solution is finally formulated in the form of a uniformly convergent series in

ϖ

3

[

a
,
b

]

{\varpi }_{3}\left[a,b]

. From a numerical point of view, some illustrative examples are provided to determine the appropriateness of algorithm design and the effect of using non-classical boundary conditions on the behavior of solutions approach.
Torus bundles over lens spaces
Authors: Wang Oliver H.
Published: May 2024

Let p be an odd prime and let

ρ
:

ℤ
/
p

→

GL
n

⁡

(
ℤ
)

{\rho:\mathbb{Z}/p\rightarrow\operatorname{{GL}}_{n}(\mathbb{Z})}

be an action of

ℤ
/
p

{\mathbb{Z}/p}

on a lattice and let

Γ
:=

ℤ
n

⋊
ρ

ℤ

/
p

{\Gamma:=\mathbb{Z}^{n}\rtimes_{\rho}\mathbb{Z}/p}

be the corresponding semidirect product.
The torus bundle

M
:=

T
ρ
n

×

ℤ
/
p

S
ℓ

{M:=T^{n}_{\rho}\times_{\mathbb{Z}/p}S^{\ell}}

over the lens space

S
ℓ

/
ℤ
/
p

{S^{\ell}/\mathbb{Z}/p}

has fundamental group Γ.
When

ℤ
/
p

{\mathbb{Z}/p}

fixes only the origin of

ℤ
n

{\mathbb{Z}^{n}}

, Davis and Lück (2021) compute the L-groups

L
m

〈
j
〉

⁢

(

ℤ
⁢

[
Γ
]

)

{L^{\langle j\rangle}_{m}(\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma])}

and the structure set

𝒮

geo
,
s

⁢

(
M
)

{\mathcal{{S}}^{{\rm geo},s}(M)}

.
In this paper, we extend these computations to all actions of

ℤ
/
p

{\mathbb{Z}/p}

on

ℤ
n

{\mathbb{Z}^{n}}

.
In particular, we compute

L
m

〈
j
〉

⁢

(

ℤ
⁢

[
Γ
]

)

{L^{\langle j\rangle}_{m}(\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma])}

and

𝒮

geo
,
s

⁢

(
M
)

{\mathcal{{S}}^{{\rm geo},s}(M)}

in a case where

E
¯

⁢
Γ

{\underline{E}\Gamma}

has a non-discrete singular set.
Geometric approach to the Moore–Penrose inverse and the polar decomposition of perturbations by operator ideals
Authors: Chiumiento Eduardo , Massey Pedro
Published: May 2024

We study the Moore–Penrose inverse of perturbations by a proper symmetrically-normed ideal of a closed range operator on a Hilbert space. We show that the notion of essential codimension of projections gives a characterization of subsets of such perturbations in which the Moore–Penrose inverse is continuous with respect to the metric induced by the operator ideal. These subsets are maximal satisfying the continuity property, and they carry the structure of real analytic Banach manifolds, which are acted upon transitively by the Banach–Lie group consisting of invertible operators associated with the ideal. This geometric construction allows us to prove that the Moore–Penrose inverse is indeed a real bianalytic map between infinite-dimensional manifolds. We use these results to study the polar decomposition of closed range operators from a similar geometric perspective. At this point we prove
that operator monotone functions are real analytic in the norm of any proper symmetrically-normed ideal. Finally, we show that the maps defined by the operator modulus and the polar factor in the polar decomposition of closed range operators are real analytic fiber bundles.
Self-creation Without Natural Limits? On a Certain Blindness in Richard Rorty’s Anti-authoritarian Pragmatism
Authors: Müller Martin
Published: May 2024

This article argues that Richard Rorty’s philosophy has a blind spot regarding our relationship with nature. It examines his distinct version of pragmatism to find ways to address this shortcoming. Rorty’s antirepresentational “pragmatism as anti-authoritarianism” and its anthropocentric character are discussed. His linguistic instrumentalism is problematized since it entails an unapologetic Baconian view of knowledge as power and nature as a manipulable object. While Rorty’s Darwinian image of the human being somewhat relativizes this Baconian humanism, it does not address the dependence of the human species on its natural environment. According to the romantic dimension in Rorty, the human being is rather exalted, and the imperative of infinite self-creation ignores natural limits. However, there are valuable resources in Rorty’s philosophy that can limit this imperative and his instrumentalism. For instance, Rorty’s anti-authoritarianism reminds us of the moral responsibility of choice about (our) nature. Furthermore, his inclusivist ethic of solidarity implies the potential extension beyond the human species. Lastly, his notion of philosophy as cultural politics could foster democratic discussion on the pressing issues of technological advance.
Some observations on ℐ-statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of complex uncertain variables defined by Orlicz functions
Authors: Tripathy Binod Chandra , Kişi Ömer , Das Birojit
Published: May 2024

In this research article, we introduce

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

-statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of complex uncertain variables in five different aspects of
uncertainty, namely: in mean, in measure, in distribution, in almost sure, and in uniformly almost sure. We also explore the connection between

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

-statistically
pre-Cauchy sequences and

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

-statistically
convergent sequences using complex uncertain variables. Additionally, we initiate the study of

ℐ

{\mathcal{I}}

-statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of
complex uncertain variables through Orlicz functions.
“Eish it’s getting really interesting”: borrowed interjections in South African English
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka , Mabena Mampoi Irene
Published: May 2024

This article offers a descriptive account of seven interjections, eish, yho, tjo, sho, hayi, hau, and mxm, which are adopted from different local South African languages into South African English. It investigates the frequencies, orthography, syntactic position, collocational forms and discourse-pragmatic roles of these seven interjections, through the lens of pragmatic borrowing and postcolonial corpus pragmatics. The data were retrieved from the South African segment of the Global Web-based English corpus and underwent quantitative and qualitative analysis. The findings indicate that the interjections are all emotive interjections, which mostly express negative emotions, except hayi, which is a phatic interjection that is largely used to show disapproval of some information. All the interjections favour clause-initial position except mxm, which is a loan interjection that represents the kiss-teeth or suck-teeth oral gesture that is common in some parts of Africa and the Caribbean. The article affirms that these loaned interjections accentuate the distinction of South African English from other varieties of English.
The role of organic rice farm income on farmer household welfare: Evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Al Qudsi Muhammad Fahmi Faruqi , Rahmawati Nur , Rozaki Zuhud , Kamarudin Mohd Fauzi
Published: May 2024

The study aims to know the farmer’s income from organic rice farming and farmer household income, to determine the welfare of farmer households. This research was conducted by data collection from 70 farmers’ households. The data analysis was used for the estimation of the farmer household income exchange rate and good service ratio. The results showed that the farmers are not yet prosperous. Further analysis to determine the role of organic rice farming for farming households has received less attention from researchers. Regarding this study, on-farm income derived from organic rice farming has a role as income contribution about 34.71% on the welfare of farmer households, classified as moderate.
Preparation of composite based on MXene-Ti3C2 and coconutshell-derived activated carbon for desalination of brackish water
Authors: Thom Nguyen Thi , Ha Hoang Thai , Thu Vu Thi , Nam Pham Thi , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Thanh Dinh Thi Mai , Shuib Raa Khimi , Lam Tran Dai
Published: May 2024

MXenes is a new two-dimensional material which is gaining more attention in recent years for applications in catalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. In this study, MXene-Ti3C2 is synthesized from precursor MAX-Ti3AlC2 via etching method and then combined with coconutshell-derived activated carbon to provide a highly conductive and porous composite. The composite will be later employed as electrode materials in capacitive deionization for water desalination. The results have shown an increase in specific capacitance by 3.7 times in the composite (0.5 wt% MXene-Ti3C2) when compared with pure activated carbon. These promising results have proved the possibility to use MXenes-based composites for desalination and other treatment techniques for salted water.
Where are the missing boatyards? Steaming pits as boat building sites in the Nordic Bronze Age
Authors: Ling Johan , Fauvelle Mikael , Austvoll Knut Ivar , Bengtsson Boel , Nordvall Linn , Horn Christian
Published: May 2024

The boat stands out as a prominent symbol of the Nordic Bronze Age, depicted at thousands of rock art sites and on several metal objects throughout Scandinavia. Paradoxically, direct evidence of these boats is scarce, and the locations where boats were constructed remain largely elusive. In this paper, we put forth the proposition that many ostensibly mislabelled cooking pits along the coast might actually be remnants of steaming pits employed in boat building. By drawing on analogous parallels from ethnography and examining three Bronze Age cases from the western coast of Sweden and Eastern Norway, we hypothesize that sizable pits near the sea, characterized by fire-cracked stones and charcoal, are indicative of prehistoric boat building sites. Additionally, these results align with a broader objective of our paper, aiming to challenge the prevailing terrestrial narrative in archaeology, which has impeded the interpretive potential for comprehending maritime societies throughout prehistory.
Investigation of structural properties of Nd3+ doped ZnO to produce capable dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Anthony Dass Abi Belvia , Singarayar Bharathi Bernadsha , Subban Senthil
Published: May 2024

In this present work we report the impact of employing the neodymium (Nd) to influence the structure and morphology of ZnO. To discern the efficiency of Nd doped ZnO in DSSCs, its properties are investigated. Undoped ZnO and Nd doped ZnO were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. Structural and morphological studies of the obtained samples were collected through XRD and HR-TEM. The change in the bandgap is observed from UV analysis due to the introduction of Nd ions on the surface of ZnO. Comparing to undoped ZnO, Nd doped ZnO sample exhibits better results. Dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using N719 dye, redox electrolyte and counter electrode (platinum). The efficiencies of undoped and doped DSSCs were calculated. After the fabrication and simulation of DSSCs, the outcomes and efficiencies of the undoped and neodymium doped ZnO solar cells were studied to choose the better anode to fabricate dye sensitized solar cells.
Concentrator photovoltaic module based on silicon photoconverters
Authors: Chernenko V. V. , Kostylyov V. P. , Korkishko R. М. , Dvernikov B. F. , Pekur D. V. , Kolomzarov Yu. V. , Kornaga V. І. , Sorokin V. М.
Published: May 2024

The task of reducing the cost of an energy unit obtained by the photovoltaic method remains relevant. One of the effective methods of reducing the production cost of energy units is to use installations that concentrate solar irradiation. In this study, the authors develop design and technological solutions and use silicon backside contact photoconverters with a rear placement of the collector p–n-junction and both contact electrodes to make a solar photovoltaic module of the required size. This photovoltaic module with front surface dimensions of 0.42×0.05 m2 is intended for use in a solar power plant with the parabola-cylindrical concentrator. The first stage of experimental and theoretical research of photovoltaic characteristics of the solar module is carried out in the conditions of unconcentrated and weakly concentrated solar irradiation. It is established that the used solar photoconverters have fairly low values of the series resistance and the solar photovoltaic module has a sufficiently high efficiency of the photovoltaic conversion. It is planned to further test the developed solar module in the conditions of natural sunlight irradiation concentrated 20-fold, which will allow determining the ways to improve its characteristics.
Influence of the content of impurities and structural defects on the properties of the Cd0.9Mn0.1Te:V-based detector
Authors: Kondrik O. I. , Solopikhin D. А.
Published: May 2024

The paper highlights the results of quantitative studies of the influence of the content of impurities and structural defects on the electrophysical and detector properties of Cd0.9Mn0.1Te:V — resistivity and concentrations of free charge carriers, life time of nonequilibrium charge carriers τ, charge collection efficiency η. The optimal ranges of energy change and deep donor concentration, which ensure a high-resistive state and acceptable values of τ and η, are established. The authors study the compensation of cadmium vacancies with vanadium admixture.
Biophysics of Frequency-Dependent Variation in Paresthesia and Pain Relief during Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Rogers Evan R. , Capogrosso Marco , Lempka Scott F.
Published: May 2024

The neurophysiological effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic pain are poorly understood, resulting in inefficient failure-prone programming protocols and inadequate pain relief. Nonetheless, novel stimulation patterns are regularly introduced and adopted clinically. Traditionally, paresthetic sensation is considered necessary for pain relief, although novel paradigms provide analgesia without paresthesia. However, like pain relief, the neurophysiological underpinnings of SCS-induced paresthesia are unknown. Here, we paired biophysical modeling with clinical paresthesia thresholds (of both sexes) to investigate how stimulation frequency affects the neural response to SCS relevant to paresthesia and analgesia. Specifically, we modeled the dorsal column (DC) axonal response, dorsal column nucleus (DCN) synaptic transmission, conduction failure within DC fiber collaterals, and dorsal horn network output. Importantly, we found that high-frequency stimulation reduces DC fiber activation thresholds, which in turn accurately predicts clinical paresthesia perception thresholds. Furthermore, we show that high-frequency SCS produces asynchronous DC fiber spiking and ultimately asynchronous DCN output, offering a plausible biophysical basis for why high-frequency SCS is less comfortable and produces qualitatively different sensation than low-frequency stimulation. Finally, we demonstrate that the model dorsal horn network output is sensitive to SCS-inherent variations in spike timing, which could contribute to heterogeneous pain relief across patients. Importantly, we show that model DC fiber collaterals cannot reliably follow high-frequency stimulation, strongly affecting the network output and typically producing antinociceptive effects at high frequencies. Altogether, these findings clarify how SCS affects the nervous system and provide insight into the biophysics of paresthesia generation and pain relief.
Physical and sensing characterization of nanostructured Ag doped TiO2 thin films
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Masan, Iraq, Sada M.  S. , Jasim R. I. ,   Department of Physics, College of Scienc, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Saleh A. M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Masan, Iraq, Hussein K. N. ,   Department of Radiology, Al-Manara College for Medical Science, Iraq, Habubi N. F. ,   Department of Radiation and Sonar Technologies, Alnukhba, University College, Iraq, Chiad S. S. ,   Department of Physics, College of Scienc, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq
Published: May 2024

On glass substrates, silver (Ag) doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) films at varied levels of concentrations (0, 2, and 4) % wt were synthesized by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). As per the X-ray diffraction pattern, the only phases present in the sample were anatase and rutile TiO2. Using AFM, it was discovered that the TiO2 thin films were smooth and compact; however, the surface roughness increases as the dopant amount decreases. SEM images display TiO2 films. Surface transformation is evident with uniform spherical nanograins after Ag doping. The optical characteristics of wavelength range (300-900) nm have been investigated using absorbance and transmittance spectra. The results revealed that the films have a 65-75 % transmittance in VIS-NIR spectra for all films. The allowable direct electronic transitions have (3.15-3.25) eV energy gaps. At 250 ppm, the NH3 gas sensor exhibited increased resistance, indicating heightened sensitivity. Sensitivity decreases with concentration increases to 0 %, 2 %, and 4 % of Ag for NH3 gas. Reduction observed: 18.4% to 4.6% (50 ppm), 20.7% to 6.8% (150 ppm), and 25.9% to 8.2% (250 ppm).
Synthesis of zinc oxide thin films by spray pyrolysis technique
Authors:   Department of Physics, Sengunthar Engineering College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India, Sudha M. , Madhan A.B. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Navalar Nedunchezhiyan College of Engineering, Tholudur, Tamil Nadu, India, Geetha E. ,   Department of Medical Electronics, Sengunthar Engineering College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India, Satheeskumar R. ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2024

The economic spray pyrolysis process were used to prepare Zinc oxide thin films. Ahigh - quality thin film is obtained by optimizing factors that include concentration, flow rate, nozzle to substrate distance. The temperature is differed between 350˚C to 450˚C. The structural and optical qualities were studied through physical investigation. According to XRD, the films have a hexagonal crystal structure. A scanning electron microscope reveals the material’s uniform deposition &adhesion across a glass substrate. A direct band gap of about 2.4 to 2.6 eV was obtained for different temperatures.
Simulation of sodium diborate glass containing lead and cadmium oxides for radiation shielding applications
Authors:   Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Damoom M. M. , Alhawsawi A. M. ,   Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Banoqitah E. ,   Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Moustafa E. B. ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Sallam O. H. ,   Nuclear and Radiological Safety Research Center (NRSRC), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt, Hammad A. H. ,   Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Published: May 2024

Sodium diborate glasses containing cadmium and lead oxides were fabricated by the melt annealing technique. Lead oxide was introduced at the expense of cadmium oxide to enhance its elastic and shielding properties. The density of the lead-free glass increased from 2.137 g/cm3 to 3.330 g/cm3 after replacing cadmium oxide with lead oxide. The density values were used to investigate the elastic properties of glass using the MakishimaMackenzie model. In addition, the Phy-X/PSD code was used to simulate the shielding properties of such glasses at different photon energies ranging from 0.005 to 15 MeV.
A case of diabetic striatopathy due to uncontrolled type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cheneler M L , Qureshi K , Bahrami C
Published: May 2024

Hemichorea–hemiballismus (HCHB) syndrome is a syndrome characterized by choreic movements which are irregular, nonrepetitive, and random movements, and ballismus which are spontaneous and violent movements. HCHB syndrome with a metabolic cause is a rare presentation that can be precipitated by uncontrolled diabetes. Presented here is a case of HCHB syndrome with right-sided neuroimaging findings and contralateral chorea due to uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. This patient was found to be obtunded with a blood glucose of greater than 500 mg/dL by EMS. After the administration of insulin, she was able to answer clarifying questions of noncompliance with her antihyperglycemic medications. She had a computed tomography without contrast of the head which showed hyperdense lesions in the right caudate nucleus and putamen consistent with HCHB syndrome. She was started on treatment for nonketotic hyperglycemia with insulin. As her mentation improved, she was able to cooperate with physical examination, which revealed irregular and violent movements in the left upper and lower extremities. Her hemichorea and hemiballismus improved with strict glycemic control, and she was able to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility for further rehabilitation. She would later have repeated hospitalizations for poor glycemic control, and repeat neuroimaging would reveal the resolution of hyperdensities after 4 months. HCHB syndrome due to uncontrolled diabetes has been termed diabetic striatopathy and is characterized by poor glycemic control, unilateral striatal hyperdensity on CT imaging, and contralateral choreic movements. Diabetic striatopathy remains a poorly understood disease, and the exact pathophysiologic mechanism has not been definitively elucidated.

Learning points

Diabetic striatopathy is a relatively new term for metabolic etiology of hemichorea–hemiballismus syndrome and was coined in 2009.

The triad for diabetic striatopathy is poor glycemic control, unilateral striatal hyperdensity on CT imaging, and contralateral choreic movements.

Multiple etiologies have been suggested for the cause of diabetic striatopathy including petechial hemorrhage, mineral deposition, myelin destruction, and infarction with reactive astrocytosis; however, the exact mechanism has yet to be determined.

Antidopaminergic medications may be used to control the choreic movements of diabetic striatopathy; however, the mainstay of treatment is glycemic control, often with insulin therapy.
Wet Fibre Surface – Does it Behave Like a Gel?
Authors:   VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Ketola Annika E. , Leppänen Miika ,   University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Turpeinen Tuomas ,   VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Papponen Petri ,   University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Sundberg Anna ,   Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Arstila Kai ,   University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Retulainen Elias ,   VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
Published: May 2024

The physico-chemical characteristics of wet fibre surfaces and their role in fibre bonding and paper properties have been under debate and research for decades. The gel-likeness of the fibre surfaces has been addressed in many studies but has not been explicitly demonstrated. In this study, the structure of wet beaten kraft pulp fibre surface and its similarity with microfibrillated cellulose (CMF) was shown using helium ion microscopy (HIM) imaging. Beaten kraft fibres and CMF were dried using two mild drying methods to preserve the delicate fibrillated structures. The fibre surface had a strong resemblance with gel-like CMF material. The amount of external fibrillation varied along the fibre length and was often shown to extend tens of micrometers from the fibre surface. The gel-like behaviour of wet fibrillated material was demonstrated using rheological tests. The examined CMF and CNF samples with solids contents of 1.97% and 1.06%, respectively, showed gel-like behaviour. A low gelling point suggests that fibrillated fibre surfaces have the ability to transfer forces at very low consistencies, and that the ability increases as a power function of the solids content. This is assumed to play a remarkable role in increasing inter-fibre adhesion and in transmitting inter-fibre forces within consolidating webs, whether arising from external tensions or internal drying stresses.
Highly Carboxylated Pulps – A New Approach
Authors:   McMaster University, Pelton Robert , Zhang Hongfeng ,   McMaster University, Wu Xiao ,   McMaster University, Moran-Mirabal Jose ,   McMaster University, Bicho Paul ,   Canfor Pulp, Burnaby, BC, Canada, Doherty Erin A.S. ,   Solenis LLC, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, Riehle Richard J. ,   Solenis LLC, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, Borkar Sachin ,   Solenis LLC, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
Published: May 2024

The export of market kraft pulp is a significant part of the Canadian forest products industry. Although northern softwood kraft pulps are premium products in the international pulp marketplace, there is interest in producing truly specialty pulps whose properties extend beyond the physical and chemical property boundaries of current pulping and bleaching operations. Whereas the pulping and bleaching literature has for decades focused on improving pulp properties, we know of only a few examples of post-bleaching fiber modification in pulp mills. Instead, the pulp producers leave it to papermakers to tune paper properties with chemical additives in the papermaking processes. Most papermill fiber chemical treatments including sizing additives, dry strength resins, and wet strength resins, involve interactions with the exterior surfaces of pulp fibers. We propose that market pulp mills producing dry, or nearly dry, pulp offer a unique opportunity to influence fiber surface properties by fixing reactive polymers onto fiber surfaces when the pulp is heated on pulp drying machines. The objective of the work described herein was to develop new approaches to modify pulp fiber surfaces at the end of the pulp mill bleaching processes through polymer grafting. This contribution covers the highlights of recent publications [1-4].
Micro Fibrillated Cellulose (MFC) Films on Metal Surfaces as a Substrate for Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) Experiments
Authors:   Institute of Solid State Physics, CD-Laboratory for mass transport through paper,Graz University of Technology, Austria, Henögl E. M. , Petschacher P. ,   Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Austria, Scheiber S. ,   Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Austria, Haberl V. ,   Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Austria, Schennach R. ,   Institute of Solid State Physics, CD-Laboratory for mass transport through paper, Graz University of Technology, Austria
Published: May 2024

In recent years the application of paper for packaging has been growing steadily. Food packaging underlies special scrutiny, as the package has to prevent the escape of aroma molecules at the one hand and prevent the contamination of the packaged good with unwanted substances on the other hand. For the transfer of organic molecules from the packaging to the food and vice versa one has to look at volatile organic molecules. For transport of such molecules through the porous structure of paper the interaction of the molecules with the surface of the paper fibers plays an important role.