bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jacques Brault et la parole inaccomplie des déshumanisés
Authors: Watteyne Nathalie
Published: September 2015

Quelle est la légitimité de la parole d’un poète lorsqu’il aborde le thème du génocide dans son œuvre? À quel travail de mémoire nous convie-t-il quand il évoque son mal moral et notre dignité perdue face à un tel non-sens? Du recueil Mémoire (1965) à l’essai Chemins perdus, chemins trouvés (2012), Jacques Brault élabore une poétique où le négatif trouve place dans le travail de composition, et s’interroge en 1989 sur l’affirmation d’Adorno selon laquelle “Écrire un poème après Auschwitz est barbare” ( Prismes 23). Il marque son engagement envers notre condition historique par un témoignage in absentia , non pas au sens juridique de witness , mais en tant que geste de testimony . Cet article étudie la prise en compte de la parole empêchée des êtres déshumanisés et les formes d’adresses aux disparus, qui assignent à la mémoire dans l’œuvre ce que Ricœur appelle une “fonction véritative” ( La Mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli 7).
Fostering the Pluralism Orientation of College Students through Interfaith Co-curricular Engagement
Authors: Rockenbach Alyssa N. , Mayhew Matthew J. , Morin Shauna , Crandall Rebecca E. , Selznick Ben
Published: September 2015

Innovative approaches aimed at helping students engage with diversity abound in higher education institutions, but an understanding of effective practice in the realm of religious and worldview diversity is limited. Based on data collected from 13,776 college students attending 52 institutions across the country, this study employs multilevel modeling to examine how informal interactions with peers of diverse worldviews and participation in interfaith activities relate to pluralism orientation. The analyses reveal that student characteristics, measures of campus climate, and both formal and informal interfaith engagement relate to pluralism orientation given controls for institution-level differences. Some relationships in the model are conditional on student religion/worldview.
(Re)Examining the role of family and community in college access and choice: A metasynthesis
Authors: Mwangi Chrystal A. George
Published: September 2015

Using meta-synthesis, this study analyzes higher education literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of nonparent family and community (NPFC) members such as siblings, extended family, fictive kin, and peers in college access and choice. Findings revealed the diverse familial and community networks of today’s college going students as well as NPFC members’ multifaceted forms of support to both students and parents. Students who received support from NPFC members developed a sense of responsibility to be an educational role model and source of college knowledge in their families and communities.
Resource Geopolitics: Cold War Technologies, Global Fertilizers, and the Fate of Western Sahara
Authors: Camprubí Lino
Published: September 2015

When, after years of geological and geophysical exploration, a phosphate mine was discovered at Bu-Craa in 1964, Western Sahara received renewed geopolitical attention. Several countries competing for the control of the world fertilizer market, including Morocco, Spain, France, and the United States, developed diverging strategies to gain control of the mineral. After intense negotiations revolving around the materiality of mining technologies and involving reserve estimations, sabotage, and flexing of diplomatic muscles, Morocco took over the Spanish colony in 1975. While this secured Morocco’s place in the world market, it condemned the local population to exile and domination. This article explores three technological stages of the exploitation of phosphate in Western Sahara that underpin the geopolitical history. This perspective yields new visions of cold war technology and postcolonial markets.
London’s Water Supply before 1800 and the Roots of the Networked City
Authors: Tomory Leslie
Published: September 2015

The New River Company was founded in London in the early seventeenth century to provide water for its inhabitants through a network of pipes. Although it grew slowly at first, after 1660 the company began to take on tens of thousands of customers. The company’s rapid expansion caused it serious problems in distribution, forcing it to re-evaluate its strategy for distributing water. Relying on the recommendations of Christopher Wren and others, the company reorganized its network by adopting a host of technological and business measures. In doing so, it was forced to work increasingly by designing individual components in light of their effects on the whole network. This integrated design stabilized the infrastructure sufficiently to allow its further growth in the eighteenth century. In the early nineteenth century, London’s water supply infrastructure explicitly became a model for water networks and other kinds of large-scale urban infrastructure elsewhere in the world.
Microlessons: Toward a History of Information-Age Cuisine
Authors: Cooper Ken
Published: September 2015

This essay proposes that critiques of the industrial food system have not kept pace with its rapid transformation through information technologies, and returns to the emergence of microwave cooking during the 1970s for an illustrative case study. Not just the appliances but also their related cookbooks were produced by corporations heavily invested in electronics. Peculiar convergences suggest that a more encompassing approach to the new cuisine is imperative if we are to understand its complex ecology and phenomenology. In deference to a term from one such cookbook published by General Electric, my history is organized around eight related “Microlessons”—each an invented culinary technique, procedure, or adaptation responding to challenges posed by the new technology—that in hindsight are difficult to confine under the rubric of food studies. The aim is to articulate a new perspective on the post -industrial food system and its many consequences.
Optimization of Single- and Dual-Color Immunofluorescence Protocols for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Archival Tissues
Authors: Kajimura Junko , Ito Reiko , Manley Nancy R. , Hale Laura P.
Published: September 2015

Performance of immunofluorescence staining on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissues is generally not considered to be feasible, primarily due to problems with tissue quality and autofluorescence. We report the development and application of procedures that allowed for the study of a unique archive of thymus tissues derived from autopsies of individuals exposed to atomic bomb radiation in Hiroshima, Japan in 1945. Multiple independent treatments were used to minimize autofluorescence and maximize fluorescent antibody signals. Treatments with NH3/EtOH and Sudan Black B were particularly useful in decreasing autofluorescent moieties present in the tissue. Deconvolution microscopy was used to further enhance the signal-to-noise ratios. Together, these techniques provide high-quality single- and dual-color fluorescent images with low background and high contrast from paraffin blocks of thymus tissue that were prepared up to 60 years ago. The resulting high-quality images allow the application of a variety of image analyses to thymus tissues that previously were not accessible. Whereas the procedures presented remain to be tested for other tissue types and archival conditions, the approach described may facilitate greater utilization of older paraffin block archives for modern immunofluorescence studies.
Ingmar Bergman, Swedish sexploitation and early Swedish porn
Authors: Larsson Mariah
Published: September 2015

This article discusses intertextual relations between Ingmar Bergman films and four films from the Swedish history of late 1960s and 1970s sexploitation and pornography. Although Bergman played a significant role in the liberalization of film censorship in Sweden in the 1960s and was known for the beautiful actresses of his films, that he demonstrably inspired film-makers operating in what is usually regarded as the complete opposite of art cinema is not so widely known. In the films Jag – en oskuld/Inga (1968), Thriller – en grym film/Thriller – A Cruel Picture (1974), Justine och Juliette/Justine and Juliette (1975) and Fäbodjäntan/Come Blow the Horn (1978) there are several intertextual relations, both deliberate allusions and more implicit and unintended connections. These relations may have an impact on how we regard both the role of Bergman and the directors of sexually explicit films in the particular context of Sweden in the 1960s and 1970s.
How creative are SMEs? An organizational routines’ perspective
Authors: Appiah Gloria
Published: September 2015

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are perfect exemplars of creative organizations partly because they have fewer corporate rules and regulations that hinder creative behaviors of individual employees. Yet, we know very little of the actual processes SMEs employ in their creative endeavours. This appears to reflect the general state of creativity research where emphasis is usually placed on antecedents and outcomes of creativity with relatively less attention on how organizations actually organize their creative activities. This article takes a step towards addressing this paucity in creativity research by suggesting organizational routines as an analytical tool to explore the processes of creativity in small software firms. The article argues that routines offer an entry point to understanding SMEs when conceptualized as systemic blueprints that are capable of explaining observable and sometimes latent behaviours of organizational actors’. A suite of methodologies that could be employed by researchers adopting a routines’ perspective in exploring organizational phenomenon are also identified.
A broadened innovation support for mutual benefits: Academic engagement by universities as part of technology transfer
Authors: Jonsson Lars , Baraldi Enrico , Larsson Lars-Eric
Published: September 2015

While the spin-out funnel has received professional support to enhance its effects in most western universities, much less attention has been paid to the possibility to enhance the effects of academic engagement (i.e. publications, meetings and collaborative research among others) in the knowledge exchange activities of universities. By using the case of Uppsala University as a reference, the aim of this paper is to describe how a holistic organization for innovation support can be managed to create mutual benefits both for the external organizations, the society, the university itself as well as its faculties. Four key elements seem to be of importance to the effectiveness of the support organization: (1) the alignment with selected goals and activities of the university; (2) the recruitment strategy, with innovation support officers possessing double competences; (3) building trust, among all stakeholders and (4) the introduction of specific tools to enhance the effects of academia-industry interactive activities.

We conclude that a holistic approach provides many benefits for the university as well as for the external organizations involved. An important finding is that the commercialization funnel and academic engagement are not two separate tracks but actually seem to lever each other’s so that commercialization seems to be important to build trust and stimulate the academic engagement as well as for embedding the university innovation support units in the industrial network, and the later may result in concrete commercialization projects. Our results also indicate that this broader strategy for innovation support seems to appeal better to the fields of humanities and social science compared to traditional tech-transfer. Still, many results need to be codified, and more research is needed to fully understand the impact of academia-industry interactions over time.
The effect of audit firm tenure in artificial rotation on audit quality
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Apriyanto Harun Pamungkas , Nurdiono Nurdiono , Suwardi Eko
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to examine the effect of auditor tenure in artificial rotation on audit quality. Tenure shows the relationship between the audit firms and a client that is measured in years. Artificial rotation of auditor (audit firm) indicates a condition that, conceptually, there has been a change of auditors leading to the auditor relationship with the client to be disconnected, whereas substantive auditor-client relationship is ongoing. Formally, the auditor does not violate the rules and is still able to audit for the same client. Yet, in the long-term, it could affect the audit quality. The longer auditor tenure, the closer auditor-client relationship is. Thus, the auditor accommodates the interests of the client at the client's financial statements, including the practice of discretionary accruals as a proxy for audit quality. The samples were selected by purposive sampling method of the companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from the year 2002-2010, with multiple linear regression approach. It shows that tenure, and total assets do not affect the quality of the audit while the size of the audit firm, and debt statistically have significant effect on audit quality. Future studies may extend the period of observation, and using other audit quality measures, such as fraud, and the propensity of auditor to issue going concern opinion..
Ocular surgical models for immune and angiogenic responses
Authors: Inomata Takenori , Mashaghi Alireza , Di Zazzo Antonio , Dana Reza
Published: September 2015

Corneal transplantation serves as a reproducible and simple surgical model to study mechanisms regulating immunity and angiogenesis. The simplicity of the model allows for systematic analysis of different mechanisms involved in immune and angiogenic privilege and their failures. This protocol describes how to induce neovessels and inflammation in an actively regulated avascular and immune-privileged site. This involves placing intra-stromal corneal sutures for two weeks, disrupting the privileges, and performing corneal transplantation subsequently. Privileged and non-privileged recipient responses to donor cornea can be compared to identify key immunological mechanisms that underlie angiogenesis and graft rejection. This protocol can also be adapted to the growing repertoire of genetic models available in the mouse, and is a valuable tool to elucidate molecular mechanisms mediating acceptance or failure of corneal graft. The model could be used to assess the potential of therapeutic molecules to enhance graft survival in vivo.
Design and Optimization Method of a Two-Disk Rotor System
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Zheng Longxi , Mei Qing
Published: September 2015

An integrated analytical method based on multidisciplinary optimization software Isight and general finite element software ANSYS was proposed in this paper. Firstly, a two-disk rotor system was established and the mode, humorous response and transient response at acceleration condition were analyzed with ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of the two-disk rotor system were achieved. On this basis, the two-disk rotor model was integrated to the multidisciplinary design optimization software Isight. According to the design of experiment (DOE) and the dynamic characteristics, the optimization variables, optimization objectives and constraints were confirmed. After that, the multi-objective design optimization of the transient process was carried out with three different global optimization algorithms including Evolutionary Optimization Algorithm, Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm and Pointer Automatic Optimizer. The optimum position of the two-disk rotor system was obtained at the specified constraints. Meanwhile, the accuracy and calculation numbers of different optimization algorithms were compared. The optimization results indicated that the rotor vibration reached the minimum value and the design efficiency and quality were improved by the multidisciplinary design optimization in the case of meeting the design requirements, which provided the reference to improve the design efficiency and reliability of the aero-engine rotor.
Chest Pain in Children With Suspected Type I Fibrillinopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Rodríguez-González Moisés , Matamala-Morillo Miguel Ángel , Segado-Arenas Antonio , Marín-Iglesias M del Rosario , Lechuga-Sancho Alfonso M.
Published: September 2015

Chest pain is the second most common reason for referral to a pediatric cardiologist, because cardiovascular-related disorders are a major concern for children and their families when seeking medical attention. On the rare occasions when pediatric chest pain is a result of severe heart disease, it is usually associated with well-known cardiovascular risk factors such as fibrillinopathies. Type 1 fibrillinopathies are heritable disorders caused by mutations in the fibrillin genes that lead to a broad spectrum of connective tissue phenotypes ranging from Marfan syndrome, at the most severe end, to patients displaying mild marfanoid features, or milder Marfan (MM). We report the case of an adolescent patient with MM and suspected acute coronary syndrome, with chest pain and electrocardiographic changes suggestive of myocardial ischemia. Despite the low risk of coronary or aortic dissection/aneurysm in MM, these possibilities should be tested. Once they are ruled out, mitral valve prolapse should be considered as the main cause of chest pain with ischemic-like changes in the inferior electrocardiogram leads. We emphasize that clinical and echocardiographic follow-up over years is warranted in the pediatric population to ensure that the aortic root does not show progressive dilatation or a tendency to dissect. Finally, genotyping is clinically indicated for early and complete diagnosis in patients with MM as well as de novo Marfan syndrome to take advantage of educational and clinical programs for young carriers of the mutation.
Temporary Retrograde Occlusion of High-Flow Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula
Authors: Gause Colin D. , Glenn Ian , Liu Michael , Seifarth Federico G.
Published: September 2015

This report describes a temporary retrograde occlusion technique for control of a high-flow tracheo-esophageal fistula in a critically ill, premature infant born at 29 weeks’ gestational age, with a diagnosis of type C (Gross) esophageal atresia and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). This procedure is a useful bridging maneuver before definitive surgical correction for extremely low birth weight, unstable neonates with tracheo-esophageal fistula who are suffering from associated malformations.
Fruit Consumption by Youth in the United States
Authors: Herrick Kirsten A. , Rossen Lauren M. , Nielsen Samara Joy , Branum Amy M. , Ogden Cynthia L.
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVES:

To describe the contribution of whole fruit, including discrete types of fruit, to total fruit consumption and to investigate differences in consumption by sociodemographic characteristics.

METHODS:

We analyzed data from 3129 youth aged 2 to 19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2012. Using the Food Patterns Equivalents Database and the What We Eat in America 150 food groups, we calculated the contribution of whole fruit, 100% fruit juices, mixed fruit dishes, and 12 discrete fruit and fruit juices to total fruit consumption. We examined differences by age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, and poverty status.

RESULTS:

Nearly 90% of total fruit intake came from whole fruits (53%) and 100% fruit juices (34%) among youth aged 2 to 19 years. Apples, apple juice, citrus juice, and bananas were responsible for almost half of total fruit consumption. Apples accounted for 18.9% of fruit intake. Differences by age were predominately between youth aged 2 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years. For example, apples contributed a larger percentage of total fruit intake among youth 6 to 11 years old (22.4%) than among youth 2 to 5 years old (14.6%), but apple juice contributed a smaller percentage (8.8% vs 16.8%), P < .05. There were differences by race and Hispanic origin in intake of citrus fruits, berries, melons, dried fruit, and citrus juices and other fruit juices.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings provide insight into what fruits US youth are consuming and sociodemographic factors that may influence consumption.
Введение программ прикладного бакалавриата в российскую систему образования: зачем и как?
Authors: Chugunov Dmitry , Vasilev Kirill , Froumin Isak
Published: September 2015

Внедрение новых технологий в производство вызвало изменения на рынке труда: возникновение и рост спроса на одни профессии и исчезновение других. Существующая система среднего профессионального образования не справляется с задачей подготовки кадров по специальностям, объединяющим освоение практических навыков и теоретическое обучение. Рассматривается опыт зарубежных стран по созданию практикоориентированных программ профессионального обучения, обосновывается необходимость введения аналогичных программ в российскую систему образования и анализируются варианты их внедрения.
Казахстанский опыт реформирования высшего образования
Authors: Smirnova Vera
Published: September 2015

С начала 1990-х годов Республика Казахстан проводит реформу высшей школы. Основные ее направления аналогичны российским: введение единого тестирования при поступлении в вузы, укрупнение университетов, передача части функций по обеспечению страны специалистами с высшим образованием частным учебным заведениям, сокращение бюджетных мест в государственных вузах, внедрение кредитных технологий в учебный процесс. И эти преобразования в республике практически уже завершены. Опыт их осуществления и результаты могут оказаться интересными и полезными для России.
Индивидуально-психологические предикторы в лонгитюдных исследованиях образовательных и профессиональных карьер
Authors: Popov Dmitry , Tyumeneva Yulia , Kuzmina Yulia
Published: September 2015

Представлены первые результаты Мониторинга образовательных и трудовых траекторий выпускников школ и вузов, начатого Государственным университетом — Высшей школой экономики в 2009 г. С целью определить индивидуальные характеристики, наилучшим образом предсказывающие изменения в образовательной и профессиональной траектории, опрошены студенты выпускных курсов высших учебных заведений двух регионов РФ. Выделены группы учащихся, которые с наибольшей вероятностью сменят образовательную и профессиональную карьеру, начатую в вузе. Обсуждается значимость отобранных независимых переменных в отношении двух основных причин изменения траектории: неуверенности в профессиональной карьере на последнем году обучения и низких академических достижений студентов. Рассматриваются перспективы начатого исследования. 2009 г. С целью определить индивидуальные характеристики, наилучшим образом предсказывающие изменения в образовательной и профессиональной траектории, опрошены студенты выпускных курсов высших учебных заведений двух регионов РФ. Выделены группы учащихся, которые с наибольшей вероятностью сменят образовательную и профессиональную карьеру, начатую в вузе. Обсуждается значимость отобранных независимых переменных в отношении двух основных причин изменения траектории: неуверенности в профессиональной карьере на последнем году обучения и низких академических достижений студентов. Рассматриваются перспективы начатого исследования.
Обучение наблюдением: cтуденты в исследовательском процессе
Authors: Kordonsky Simon , Plusnin Juri , Morgunova Oksana
Published: September 2015

Представлено обоснование новой образовательной технологии в области государственного и муниципального управления, основанной на методологии непосредственного наблюдения и описания местных управленческих практик студентами, систематически не подготовленными к научной деятельности (методология «наивного» наблюдателя). Использование такого подхода позволяет решать, по мнению авторов, одновременно две задачи: учебно-методическую и научную. Студенты ведут наблюдения и делают описания фактов российской провинциальной жизни без какой-либо интерпретации, что позволяет приобрести компетенции практического муниципального управления и получить картину социальной жизни, близкую к реальности и отличную от интерпретационных схем социологов и журналистов, на основе которых власть обычно и принимает управленческие решения и разрабатывает проекты социальных преобразований.
Suprimento global de serviços de conhecimento e inovação: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Swirski de Souza Yeda , Gavronski Iuri , Jacobus Artur
Published: September 2015

O suprimento global de serviços de conhecimento e inovação (GSKSI) tem sido objeto de vários estudos em uma ampla gama de áreas, incluindo a estratégia e gestão internacional, geografia econômica, comportamento organizacional, gestão de operações, entre outros. Os objetivos deste trabalho são dois: a) produzir um resumo de estudos GSKSI e b) fornecer uma agenda de pesquisa para GSKSI. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura acadêmica e descobriu que, além de ensaios, relatórios e trabalhos teóricos, estudos empíricos sobre GSKSI são distribuídos em quatro categorias principais: gestão estratégica e internacional; tecnologia e gestão da inovação; trabalho, comportamento organizacional e recursos humanos; e gestão de operações. Nosso artigo contribui de duas maneiras únicas: ao fornecer uma análise quantitativa da literatura e uma avaliação qualitativa dos resultados de estudos anteriores.
Analysis of the impact of studies published by Internext - Revista Eletrônica de Negócios Internacionais
Authors: González-Valiente Carlos Luis
Published: September 2015

This is a citation analysis of the journal InternexT-Revista Eletrônica de Negócios Internacionais to determine the impact caused by studies published from 2006 to 2013. The software Publish or Perish (PoP) was used, which retrieves articles and citations from the Google Scholar database. Among the indicators applied were: distribution of authors per article, citations per year, citation versus self-citation, citable journals versus non-citable documents, citation of the journal versus uncited documents, co-word analysis and h-index. 131 articles were obtained with a total of 153 citations received until June 2014. The articles tend to have multiple authors and an upward trend in citations was detected. The levels of self-citation were very low and most of the citing sources are Brazilian journals. There were more uncited than cited articles and those published during the first years (2006-2008) caused a larger impact.  The most cited articles are related to the topics of internationalization theory and strategy, transaction analysis and corporative governance. The h-index according to PoP is 6 and the g-index is 9.
Dynamics of an upland stream fish community over 40 years: trajectories and support for the loose equilibrium concept
Authors: Matthews William J. , Marsh‐Matthews Edie
Published: September 2015

Previous theoretical models and empirical studies suggested that communities can exist in a “stochastic” or “loose” equilibrium, diverging transiently but eventually returning toward earlier or average structure, in what we call here the “loose equilibrium concept” (LEC). We sampled the fish communities at 12 local stream reaches spaced broadly throughout a relatively undisturbed watershed in the Ozark Mountains of northern Arkansas, USA, in 11 surveys from 1972 to 2012 at a scale of decades, and at a subset of five of these local sites in a total of 16 surveys, allowing tests of the LEC at different spatial and temporal scales. Multivariate analyses of the dynamics of communities over the 40‐year period provided support for the LEC at both “global” and “local” scales within the watershed. At the broadest spatial scale, core species numerically dominated the community, and most common species remained so across all decades. In spite of two extraordinary floods, and interannual variation in abundance of some species, the 12‐site and five‐site global communities and eight of 12 local communities repeatedly returned toward average positions in multivariate space. Trajectories of the global and local fish communities varied relative to model hypothetical trajectories that were based on gradual vs. saltatory changes, and prevalence of returns toward average community structure. Beta diversity among sites was variable across time, but beta partitioning consistently showed that pure spatial turnover dominated over nestedness, because many common species were consistently distributed either upstream or downstream. This study suggests that vertebrate communities in relatively undisturbed environments may display dynamics consistent with the LEC. The LEC, combined with quantification of community trajectory patterns, can help to clarify whether systems are moving about within ranges of conditions that reflect expected noise, or, conversely, have moved so far out of previous bounds, as a result of climate change or human intervention, that they are permanently changed or “novel.”
Multigrid Methods in Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Fogwell T. W. , Brakhagen F.
Published: September 2015

The equations we solve are those for incompressible two phase flow in two dimensions. We use two general techniques, both using multigrid, one called IMPES and the other called the simultaneous solution (SS) method. The problem is discretized by the standard finite difference method with reflection boundary conditions. The standard multigrid method will fail because of the large jump discontinuities in the coefficients. The difference operator itself is used for the interpolation operator as originally proposed by Alcouffe, Brandt Dendy, and Painter. Although the finite difference operator on the finest grid has a five point star, the operators on the coarser grids all have nine point stars. For relaxation steps we use point, line and alternating line Gauss Seidel methods. With the W-cycles we use, the algorithm exhibits the usual multigrid efficiency. The average error reduction factor per work unit ranges from 0.25 to 0.6.

The system we use in the simultaneous solution method is symmetric. The finite difference discretization of the system leads to a symmetric, bloc-pentadiagonal system where the blocks are 2×2 submatrices. The off-diagonal blocks are diagonal matrices. The Discretization is backward in time with explicit mobilities. The scheme is unconditionally stable. We use a generalization of the interpolation procedure we use for the IMPES method applied to systems, which was originally proposed by Dendy. The coarse grid operator is still the Galerkin approximation. The interpolation and restriction operators, however, consist of submatrices. The relaxation is done by collective point, line or alternating line Gauss Seidel methods. The convergence of this multigrid method seems to be about the same as for the IMPES method. Because of the large accumulation term which appears on the coarser grids (not found with the IMPES method), the coarsest grid must be taken find enough to assure that the operator equation is nonsingular. This seems to impose no practical restriction on the method. We are currently testing different more efficient methods of obtaining the coarse grid operators. These promise to save much computational effort over the Galerkin approximation, particularly in three dimension.
Detection, Occurrence and Fate of Emerging Contaminants in Agricultural Environments
Authors: Snow Daniel D. , Cassada David A. , Bartelt–Hunt Shannon L. , Li Xu , D'Alessio Matteo , Levine Rachel , Zhang Yun , Sallach J. Brett
Published: September 2015

A total of 43 papers published in 2014 were reviewed ranging from detailed descriptions of analytical methods, to fate and occurrence studies, to measuring and predicting biological effects for a wide variety of emerging contaminants likely to occur in agricultural environments. New methods and studies on veterinary pharmaceuticals, natural and synthetics steroids, and antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural environments continue to expand our knowledge base on the occurrence and potential impacts of these compounds. This review is divided into the following sections: Introduction, Analytical Methods, Occurrence and Fate, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Risk Assessment.
Disinfection Processes
Authors: Munakata Naoko , Kuo Jeff
Published: September 2015

A review of the literature published in 2014 on topics relating to disinfection processes is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: disinfection methods, disinfection byproducts, and microbiology and microbial communities.
Gaseous Emissions from Wastewater Facilities
Authors: Koh Sock‐Hoon , Shaw Andrew R.
Published: September 2015

A review of the literature published in 2014 on topics relating to gaseous emissions from wastewater facilities is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: odorant emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from WWTPs; gaseous emissions from wastewater collection systems; physiochemical odor/emissions control methods; biological odor/emissions control methods; odor characterization/monitoring; and odor impacts/risk assessments.
Agricultural Waste
Authors: Shu Huajie , Zhang Panpan , Chang Chein‐Chi , Wang Renqing , Zhang Shuping
Published: September 2015

The management and disposal of agricultural waste are drawn more and more attention because of the increasing yields and negative effects on the environment. However, proper treatments such as converting abundant biomass wastes into biogas through anaerobic digestion technology, can not only avoid the negative impacts, but also convert waste into available resources. This review summarizes the studies of nearly two hundred scholars from the following four aspects: the characterization, reuse, treatment, and management of agricultural waste.
Chemical Waste and Allied Products
Authors: Hung Yung‐Tse , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Yusoff Mohd Suffian , Kamaruddin Mohamad Anuar , Yeh Ruth Yu‐Li , Liu Lian‐Huey , Huhnke Christopher Robert , Fu Yen‐Pei
Published: September 2015

This review of literature published in 2014 focuses on waste related to chemical and allied products. The topics cover the waste management practices, hospital waste, pesticide waste, chemical wastewater, pesticide wastewater and pharmaceutical wastewater. The other topics include aerobic treatment, anaerobic treatment, sorption and ozonation.
Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms
Authors: Mearns Alan J. , Reish Donald J. , Oshida Philip S. , Ginn Thomas , Rempel‐Hester Mary Ann , Arthur Courtney , Rutherford Nicolle , Pryor Rachel
Published: September 2015

This review covers selected 2014 articles on the biological effects of pollutants and human physical disturbances on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due in part to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (ballast water and ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g.some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). Please use keyword searching of the text to locate related but distributed papers. Use this review only as a guide and please consult the original papers before citing them.
Analysis of MBOAT family reveals the diversity of MBOAT1 amplification in Solanaceae
Authors: Wang Peng , Gai Jiangtao , Xu Shitao , Chen Zhenxi , Luo Zhaopeng , Cao Zhenmu , Jin Lifeng , Li Feng
Published: September 2015

Genes containing an MBOAT (membrane-bound O-acyltransferase) domain form a
large gene family in plants whose members play important roles in plant
triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Among these genes, most belong to the MBOAT1
subfamily. Here we describe the identification and analysis of MBOAT genes
in Solanaceae. Through data mining of four sequenced genomes of Solanaceae,
we identified 52 MBOAT members. The MBOAT genes fell into four distinct
groups, with MBOAT1 subfamily genes accounting for about half of the total
number of genes. Several MBOAT1 genes were present in the genomes of hot
pepper, tomato and potato, whereas only one was identified in Nicotiana
benthamiana. Most of tomato MBOAT1 genes were localized in chromosomes in
the form of clusters, which is the same in potato, indicating that the
population of MBOAT1 members was mainly the result of tandem duplication.
Some tomato MBOAT1 genes were not expressed, and all MBOAT1 genes were
devoid of introns and were significantly shorter than other MBOAT members
were. While average pairwise Ka/Ks values were significantly lower within
the MBOAT1 subfamily, some MBOAT1 genes showed signs of positive selection.
Evaluation of Medical students perception on Personal Drug Selection for improving prospective Medical Education: A situational Analysis from Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Banerjee I , Saha A , Sathian B , Roy B , Banerjee I
Published: September 2015

Background: Personal (P) drug selection is an important part of the pharmacology teaching and learning session. Most of the textbooks that are commonly followed by the medical schools of Nepal merely tell about the concepts of P drug selection. P drug selection lets students to think and make decisions about the drugs prescribed. The main objective of the study was to find the Medical students perspective of P- Drug selection from a medical college of Nepal.Methods: This cross sectional questionnaires based study was carried out at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal from July 2008- July 2013. Chi square test and Odds Ratio were used for analytical purpose. Questionnaire validation tests showed that the Alpha Cronbach was 0.72.Results: P drug selection is an important part of MBBS curriculum, which was reflected by 74.9% of the medical students. Most of the students, around 82% responded that P drug is for a disease and 85% students felt that time should be increased for the exercise. Around 90.1% students felt that P drug selection gives knowledge of the full chapter and 90.1% of the students found it difficult to find out the cost of the drugs from different brands.Conclusion: The overall views of medical students on P drug selection were positive. The teaching and learning activity of P Drug Selection needs improvement in certain areas. In this exercise a student learns the rationale drug usage for a particular disease objectively and in an unbiased manner. With proper amendments in the teaching and learning methodology of P drug selection students can think and make decisions about the prescription writing, furthermore can reduce the chances of irrational prescribing by the future doctors.  Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.3(2) 2014: 89-93
Sutureless hemorrhoidectomy vs open hemorrhoidectomy: a prospective study in a regional hospital of Western Nepal
Authors: Ghimire P , Gurung NV , Upadhaya PK , Shrestha S , Gurung A , Poudel SR
Published: September 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to compare sutureless Hemorroidectomy with Conventional Open Hemorrhoidectomy in terms of safety and clinical efficacy.Method: A prospective analytical study of 60 operated patients (a nonrandomized cohort) was carried out by following up from admission to 1 month period after hospital discharge in between July, 2013 to February, 2014 in Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Demographic data, clinical data, mean operation time, duration of hospital stay, number of parenteral analgesic injections and post-operative complications between the two groups were recorded and analyzed.Result: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, duration of symptoms, grade of the hemorrhoid(s), or number of hemorrhoids resected. The mean operating time for LigaSure sutureless hemorrhoidectomy was significantly shorter than that for the Open hemorrhoidectomy (P < 0.001). Patients treated with the LigaSure technique had less blood loss, a better pain score (P < 0.001), less parenteral analgesic requirement (P < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (P < 0.001), and early return to work (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Sutureless Technique is safe and effective as compared to Conventional Open Hemorrhoidectomy for grade III and IV hemorrhoids.Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.3(2) 2014: 121-123
Characterization and Stabilization of Quarry Byproducts for Sustainable Pavement Applications
Authors: Mwumvaneza Vincent , Hou Wenting , Ozer Hasan , Tutumluer Erol , Al-Qadi Imad L. , Beshears Sheila
Published: September 2015

Increased emphasis in the construction industry on sustainability and recycling requires production of aggregate gradations with lower dust and smaller maximum sizes, leading to increased amounts of quarry byproducts (QB). Constituted of particles usually less than ¼ in. in size, QB is the residue deposit from the production of required grades of aggregate often stockpiled in excess quantities. This paper provides findings of an industry survey of Illinois aggregate producers on the annual production rate, excess QB generated, and the current application areas of QB. The current uses of QB in Illinois were limited to applications with low amounts of QB, and, therefore, excessive amounts of QB may remain in the stockpiles. A detailed laboratory study conducted to characterize the engineering properties of QB materials produced in the primary, secondary, and tertiary aggregate production stages examined aggregate gradation, shape characteristics, and mineralogical analysis. Differences in shape and gradation of QB materials produced in each crushing stage were observed. Strength tests, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and direct shear, were conducted. Because the UCS for QB materials is very low, chemical admixtures such as portland cement and Class C fly ash were used to improve their strength properties. In general, treated QB materials were 10 to 30 times stronger than the virgin QB samples. In the case of 10% Class C fly ash-treatment, UCS values achieved were as high as 340 psi. Such significant increases observed in the strength of stabilized QB materials may indicate suitability of QB for sustainable pavement applications.
Performance Comparison of Recycled Pavement Foundation Layers
Authors: Becker Peter J. , White David J. , Vennapusa Pavana K. R. , White Christianna I. , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2015

This paper describes results from a study comparing the performance of side-by-side test sections of pavement foundation layers constructed with on-site recycled materials and surfaced with hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Test sections included recycled materials blended with subgrade to create a mechanically stabilized subgrade layer and recycled materials placed in an overexcavated subgrade layer. In situ falling weight deflectometer (FWD), dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), and laboratory freeze–thaw tests were used to assess the performance of the test sections, in comparison with a control section where recycled materials were not used. Field testing was conducted at seasonal intervals over 2 years after construction, and the results were statistically analyzed with two-tailed Welch's t-tests to account for unequal variances. Findings indicated that test sections with on-site recycled materials provided improved support conditions for the pavements during both before and after freeze–thaw conditions, when compared with the control section. FWD and DCP test results indicated that recycled material blended with sub-grade showed more thaw-weakening compared with recycled material alone. Laboratory freeze–thaw test results corroborated the comparisons observed in the field test results. Correlations between FWD test measurements on the foundation layer and on the pavement yielded a statistically significant regression relationship, which indicated the importance of support conditions on the surface layer performance. Analysis of bid prices to construct the test sections indicated no statistical evidence to suggest that the unit costs for the test sections were different from one another.
Framing the decision-making model of the Chinese business with Feng-Shui concept
Authors: Chen Kou-Huang , Chang William Li , Chih I-Liang , Liao Chin-Nung
Published: September 2015

Abstract Feng-Shui has greatly impacted Chinese society andoften influences business decisions. This paper develops a decision making framework for Chinese businesses that follows the principles of Feng-Shui. This paper contributes to the academic literature by introducing a conceptual decision making model that includes a worldview, a strategy for risk avoidance and considering the environment impact, and a way to enhance the understanding of the impacts of Feng-Shui theory on Chinese business operations.
Knowledge sharing in a multi-nationality workforce: Examining the factors that influence knowledge sharing among employees of diverse nationalities
Authors: Al-Qadhi Yaser Hassan , Md Nor Khalil , Ologbo Andrew C. , Knight Michael B.
Published: September 2015

Abstract Knowledge sharing has been described as a key aspect of knowledge management. Most previous studies have examined knowledge sharing among employees from the same nationality but studies on knowledge sharing among multi-nationalities employees is rare. This study investigated factors that influence knowledge sharing among employees of diverse nationality in a multinational setting. The survey method via the use of the questionnaire was employed to collect data from 189 employees working with a multinational organization in Saudi Arabia. The data was analysed using the structural equation modelling (smart PLS). The result indicated that trust and management support are significant factors that influence knowledge sharing among employees of multi-nationality. This paper concludes that factors that affect knowledge sharing could differ in an organization with diversity of employees. Employees’ diverse culture, languages, beliefs, and experiences could affect the knowledge sharing process especially in a multi-nationalities organization. The implications of the findings were discussed.
The influence of the human resources business culture on organizational innovation: Comparative study from Canadian and Russian enterprises based in China
Authors: Pedyash Denis , Shi Chunsheng , Belov Alexey V.
Published: September 2015

Abstract The paper illustrates adoption of innovation, Competitive Intelligence and Business Intelligence in unit of organizational structure. In practice, occurs a problem of administration, such as position allocation, assignment to positions, as well as arises a question: which of researched organizational structure unit is responsible for adaptation of decision making in cross-cultural environment. In the period of 2012–2014 the authors had been researching problems and experience of organization structure in Russian industrial enterprises based in China. The paper helps to understand, which of the positions (in this article we are talking about positions, related to innovation decision making, BI and CI) in international corporations are optimal for Canadian applicants, and which position are more suitable for Chinese employees. For more detailed review, it was decided to compare Canadian and Russian industrial enterprises, carrying on economical and business activity in China.