bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOTORS: Multi-Objective Task Offloading and Resource Scheduling Algorithm for Heterogeneous Fog-Cloud Computing Scenario
Authors: Shukla Prashant , Pandey Sudhakar
Published: July 2023

Along with the rising popularity of pay-as-you-go cloud services, many businesses and communities are deploying their business or scientific workflow applications on cloud-based computing platforms. The primary responsibility of cloud service providers is to reduce the monetary cost and execution time of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud services. The majority of current solutions for cost and makespan reduction were developed for conventional cloud platforms and are incompatible with heterogeneous computing systems (HCS) having service-based resource management approaches and pricing models. Fog-cloud infrastructures (FCI) have emerged as desirable target areas for workflow automation across several fields of application. In heterogeneous FCI, the execution of workflows involving tasks having different properties, might influence the performance in terms of resource usage. The primary goal of this research is to efficiently offload the computational task and optimally schedule the workflow in such diverse computing environment. In this article, we present a novel strategy for building an environment that includes techniques for offloading and scheduling while balancing competing demands from the user and the resource providers. In order to address the issue of uncertainty, our approach incorporates a fuzzy dominance-based task clustering and offloading technique. To construct a suitable execution sequence of tasks that helps to limit the precedence relationship, by preserving dependency constraints amongst the tasks, a novel algorithm for tasks segmentation is employed. To simplify the problem of the complexity, a hybrid-heuristics based on Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for resource scheduling algorithm is used. The multi-objective optimization using three competing objectives are taken into consideration for investigation in heterogeneous FCI. The fitness function derived includes minimization of makespan and cost along with maximization of resource utilization. We performed experimental research using five workflow datasets in order to investigate and verify the efficacy of our proposed technique. We contrasted our proposed strategy with the primary, closely comparable strategies. Extensive testing using scientific workflows confirms the effectiveness of our offloading approach. Our solution provided a substantially better cost-makespan tradeoffs, while achieving significantly less energy consumption and can execute marginally quicker than the existing algorithms.
Automated Lung Cancer Detection using Histopathological Images
Authors: Ji Jie , Zhang Weifeng , Dong Yuejiao , Lin Ruilin , Geng Yiqun , Hong Liangli
Published: July 2023

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of all cancer deaths. Assessment of histopathological images by a pathologist is the gold standard for lung cancer diagnosis. However, the number of qualified pathologists is too small to meet the substantial clinical demands. This study aimed to develop an automated lung cancer detection framework using while-slide histopathology images. Methods The algorithm development consisted of the data splitting, data preprocessing, deep learning models development, training and inference processes. Two different U-Net variants (U-Net and U-Net++) with two different encoders (ResNet34 and DenseNet121) were selected as base models, and two loss functions including dice loss and weighted binary cross entropy loss were used during training. Unweighted average was used to combine results of multiple base models. Results On the test dataset, the ensemble model using 5X magnification and 512X512 patches obtained an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and dice similarity coefficient of 0.934, 0.877, 0.948, 0.840, respectively. Except for the specificity of 10X magnification being slightly higher than that of 5X magnification, no matter what model type, encoder, loss function and performance metric were used, the performances of using the 5X magnification outperformed those of using the 10x and 20x magnifications. Conclusions This algorithm achieved satisfactory results. Moreover, extensive experiments indicated that using 5X magnification 512X512 patches is a good choice in automated lung cancer detection. In the future, after improving the generalizability of this framework in real clinical settings, this framework can be used to assist histologists in their daily work.
Assessing change in syntactic features of Hebrew written by native Arabic speakers: a longitudinal study
Authors: Henkin Roni , Gafter Roey , Abu-Rabiah Eihab
Published: July 2023

Much of the theorization in Second Language Acquisition is based on findings in unrelated language dyads, with English as L1 or L2. We focus on two closely related languages, Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the majority language in Israel, taught in Arab minority schools mostly by L1 Arabic-speaking teachers. We explore the persistence of very common syntactic errors in Hebrew of Arab high-school students, and the correlation between persistence, interference and developmental errors. From a longitudinal corpus of Hebrew essays written by 22 Arab 11th graders, and a year later in 12th grade, the six most frequent syntactic error categories were isolated. Statistical analysis showed interference to be involved in the vast majority of the errors that also persisted most, whereas almost all the improvement over the year was in developmental errors with no interference. This contradicts a common claim that interference, initially predominant, decreases over time with relation to developmental errors. We found prepositions to be particularly problematic, especially in errors involving interference, but these were no more persistent than others. We conclude that more research on syntactic interference in the acquisition of closely related languages would benefit SLA theory, as our findings differ from many typically attested patterns.
Cranberry Effects 0.05% on the Dental Biofilme of Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Barreto Jeisielle Alves da Anunciação , Trindade Karina Melo , Barrientos Marcia Otto , Ramos Souza e Souza Samia
Published: July 2023

In this study we investigated the effectiveness of a 0.05% cranberry gel formulation in controlling microbial biofilm on dental surfaces of individuals with disabilities. The study included 26 individuals with disabilities. Using revealing pads, the microbial biofilm of the index tooth surfaces was stained. This staining was performed before and after application of a 0.05% cranberry gel formulation, which was applied for 7 to 15 days. The microbial biofilm differences found in all stages were described as mean and standard deviation and statistically evaluated. The biofilm control evaluated before the intervention with cranberry 0.05% showed an average of 1.76 ± 0.70. The formulated gel generated a positive mean drop to 0.98 ± 0.55 (p< 0.001). Cranberry gel 0.05% showed statistically significant improvements in microbial biofilm control.
Why Do Subsidiaries Divest? The Role of Subsidiary Performance, Slack Resources, and Sunk Costs
Authors: Chen Lu-Jui  , Lee Wen-Ruey  , Hsu Yu-Hsuan
Published: July 2023

Subsidiaries are important in the global strategy of multinational enterprises (MNEs). However, in the face of uncertainty and competition, the decision to divest a subsidiary from a market becomes a critical decision for MNEs. This study suggests that the factors for divesting subsidiaries are related not only to the performance of the subsidiary but also to slack resources and sunk costs. It analysed 254 subsidiaries in Taiwan and found that the better the subsidiary’s performance is, the less it would decide to divest from the market. Additionally, it was found that the subsidiary with slack resources would be a moderating variable with a positive impact. In addition, the presence of sunk costs reinforces the positive effect of slack resources on the relationship between subsidiary performance and the non-divestment of the subsidiary. Overall, this study points to the significance of subsidiary performance on decision-making and explains the influence of slack resources and sunk costs.
Processing of ore from the Nud II deposit by the method of low-temperature roasting with ammonium sulfate
Authors: Goryachev A. A. , Makarov D. V. , Potapov S. S. , Belyaevskiy A. T. , Semushin V. V. , Kompanchenko Alena A.
Published: July 2023

The Murmansk region has a significant amount of sulfide copper-nickel raw materials. Deposits of the Nud massif associated with Monchepluton are promising for processing. The Nud II deposit cut-off grade ore with an initial Ni content of 0.45 % and Cu of 0.39 % has been chosen as the research object. During the research, the ore was mixed with ammonium sulfate, grinded, and the mixture was roasted in a muffle furnace with static air atmosphere. The roasted mixture was leached in heated distilled water with constant stirring. The maximum metals recovery was achieved when crushing to a fraction of –40 µm, the ratio of ore : ammonium sulfate is equal to 1 : 7, roasting temperature 400 °C, roasting duration 300 min. In the mixture roasted at these parameters, reflexes of copper and nickel sulfates were recorded by the x-ray phase analysis (XRD) method. At the stage of water leaching, the maximum recovery was: Ni – 79.1 %, Cu – 75.8 %.
Changes of inorganic nitrogen compounds concentration in a mining enterprise wastewater by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Shcheglov G. А.
Published: July 2023

Wastewater contamination by nitrogen compounds is a serious problem for the mining, industrial and utility companies. Nitrogen can enter quarry effluent when explosives containing ammonium nitrate are used in blasting operations. This nitrogen pollution of water leads to environmental damage and human disease, companies that exceed the legal limits for nitrogen pollution are subject to fines. Nitrogen is removed from wastewater by biological methods, but their efficiency is low in the Northern regions of Russia due to climatic factors that hinder the vital activity of organisms. Therefore, it is essential to develop wastewater treatment technologies for the removal of nitrogen compounds. This study focuses on the ability of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to absorb and utilize various inorganic nitrogen compounds in mining effluents using the example of effluents from the "Karelsky Okatysh" mine and tailings dam (Kostomuksha, Republic of Karelia). Concentrations of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite in water and microalgal biomass in water samples have been investigated. A novelty of the study is the evaluation of pollutant concentrations in parallel experiments with different cultivation conditions. It has been found that when Chlorella vulgaris is cultivated at 26 °C, aeration and artificial light, the concentration of ammonium decreases. These results show the promising application of bioreactor technologies for the treatment of ammonium polluted wastewater.
Dark matter bound states: A window into the early universe
Authors: Smirnov Juri
Published: July 2023

Despite significant experimental sensitivity to point-like, weakly interacting particles at the electroweak mass scale, dark matter has not been found yet. This could hint at a more complex dark sector with multiple states or composite dark particles, much like the complexity of the standard model. Currently, our experimental sensitivity to such scenarios is limited by a lack of theoretical understanding. The investigation of Dark Matter systems with unstable or stable bound states provides a playground that leads to the development of important tools needed for the understanding of dark sectors with complex phenomena and allows to experimentally test well-motivated DM scenarios.
Dark matter searches and energy accumulation and release in materials
Authors: Pereverzev Sergey
Published: July 2023

Efforts to identify dark matter by detecting nuclear recoils produced by dark matter particles reveal low-energy backgrounds of unknown origin in different types of detectors. In many cases, energy accumulation and delayed burst-like releases of stored energy could provide an explanation. These dynamics follow Prigogine’s ideas on systems with energy flow and the general Self-Organized Criticality scenario. We compare these models with properties of excess backgrounds in cryogenic solid-state detectors, relaxation processes in glasses and crystals, our observations of delayed luminescence in NaI(Tl), and make predictions for more phenomena present in these systems and in superconducting photon detectors and qubits. Experiments to create accurate phenomenological models are needed.
DELight: A Direct search Experiment for Light dark matter with superfluid helium
Authors: von Krosigk Belina , Eitel Klaus , Enss Christian , Ferber Torben , Gastaldo Loredana , Kahlhoefer Felix , Kempf Sebastian , Klute Markus , Lindemann Sebastian , Schumann Marc , Toschi Francesco , Valerius Kathrin
Published: July 2023

To reach ultra-low detection thresholds necessary to probe unprecedentedly low Dark Matter masses, target material alternatives and novel detector designs are essential. One such target material is superfluid ^44He which has the potential to probe so far uncharted light Dark Matter parameter space at sub-GeV masses. The new “Direct search Experiment for Light dark matter”, DELight, will be using superfluid helium as active target, instrumented with magnetic micro-calorimeters. It is being designed to reach sensitivity to masses well below 100 MeV in Dark Matter-nucleus scattering interactions.
The Scintillating Bubble Chamber Experiment
Authors: Broerman Ben
Published: July 2023

The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration is combining the well-established liquid argon and bubble chamber technologies to search for low-mass, GeV-scale dark matter. Liquid-noble bubble chambers benefit from the excellent electron-recoil insensitivity inherent in bubble chambers with the addition of energy reconstruction provided from the scintillation signal for background rejection. The projected sensitivity with a quasi-background-free 10-kg-year exposure at a 100 eV nuclear recoil threshold is approximately 10^{-43} cm−43cm^2$ for a 1 GeV/c^22 dark matter mass.
Exploring Sonic Worlds
Authors: McAuliffe Sam , Devenish Louise
Published: July 2023

This paper develops the idea of ‘instrumentality’ to explore how the use of diverse tools or instruments involved in new music have the potential to (re)frame our engagement with the world. It will be argued that the choice of instrumental tools and how they are used in performance can not only enrich creative processes and outcomes for the artist but can also alter the audience’s relationship to the world by encouraging a conceptual engagement with one or more of its aspects. We are specifically interested in exploring this potential when interdisciplinary or intermedial approaches are taken to develop and realise new musical works. Drawing on Martin Heidegger’s concepts of ‘revealing’ and ‘unconcealment’, and using contemporary work entitled Alluvial Gold as a case study, this paper interrogates the way in which new instrumental practices offer a renewed engagement with the world.
Women’s role in effective business management: A comparative analysis
Authors: Pula Fellanze , Tafa Saranda , Ukmata Sanaja Linda
Published: July 2023

Considering the intensification of feminization in the labor market and the fact that the behavior of a woman and a man differ significantly in terms of content and factors that shape it, recent studies show that women play an increasingly important role in business management. This study aims to analyze women’s role in effective business management through a comparative analysis. This analysis is based on five components of effective business management: human resource management, business operations, strategic management, financial management, and marketing management. Fifty women and fifty men from Kosovo who manage businesses took part in the survey. Based on the results of the study, mainly the t-tests, there is a statistically significant difference between women and men in business management, where women were found to perceive the components of business management more successfully than men. Women demonstrate better results in human resources management, business operations, strategic management, financial management, and marketing management. Therefore, more women should be placed in leadership structures of different departments, depending on their specialization.
Mediating impact of the protection and exploitation of intellectual property rights of local intellectual property on tourism development: An empirical study in Central Vietnam
Authors: Tran Viet Long , Phan Thanh Hai
Published: July 2023

After the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry encounters opportunities and challenges worldwide, including limited tourism resources, while considering intellectual property aspects such as place names, natural resources, traditional knowledge, and regional cultural heritage. This topic research is limited in Vietnam, especially quantitative one. Thus, this study aims to determine the impact of local intellectual assets (LIAs) on tourism development through the mediation of protection and exploitation activities of local intellectual assets. The data for the study were collected through interviews with 296 individual business households in Central Vietnam. The study utilized the SPSS and AMOS 25 software as research tools, and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to test the hypotheses. The research results indicate that local intellectual assets, consisting of reputation, specialties, traditional knowledge, and folk culture, directly and statistically significantly affect the residents’ perception and the local government’s support. Furthermore, through these two factors, local intellectual assets indirectly and statistically significantly affect protecting and exploiting local intellectual assets and the development of tourism activities. The study’s findings also provide a basis for local authorities and businesses to propose policy implications and management strategies that pay more attention to the issue of local intellectual assets and the protection and exploitation of local intellectual assets to serve tourism development.
The export-economic growth nexus: The case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ouassaf Saidi , Guendouz Abdelkrim , Khababa Nourredine
Published: July 2023

Export strategies are the means by which the country can dispose of its domestic production surpluses to bridge successive deficits in national balances of payments and achieve economic growth. These strategies are of particular importance to the economy of Saudi Arabia, as it has opted in the last decade to diversify its economy and migrate gradually away from an economy heavily reliant on oil exports. Given the importance of diversifying the economy, this study aims to examine the relationship between exports and economic growth in the Saudi Arabian economy. The multivariate Granger Causality Test and cointegration, which is the most common model, was used in examining the short-term and long-term patterns of exports, non-oil exports, GDP, GDP per capita, and government spending from 1991 to 2016. The findings support a long-standing connection involving Saudi exports and the country’s rate of economic expansion. Unidirectional causality exists between exports, non-oil exports, and economic growth expansion, which means the growth rate rises as exports grow. In addition, the findings revealed the presence of bidirectional causality between the variables. Indeed, export promotion strategies are imperative to fulfill Saudi Arabia’s aspiration of robust and long-term economic growth.
AcknowledgmentThe authors acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Faisal University (KFU) in Saudi Arabia for the financial support provided under (Grant No. 186183).
Using Grapevine Water Status Measurements for Irrigation Scheduling of Table Grapes - A Review
Authors: Howell C.L. , Myburgh P.A.
Published: July 2023

Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource, so agriculture competes with urban and industrial needs for water. The production of table grapes with high export potential is the objective of South African producers. Growth, production, ripening aspects and quality parameters of table grapes can potentially be manipulated by means of irrigation. Consequently, it is an important management practice to help ensure economically viable table grape production. The objective for optimum irrigation scheduling should be to combine soil and plant water status measurements to calibrate grapevine water potential against reliable soil water monitoring instruments. Considering previously reported literature, poorer vegetative growth was related to lower levels of leaf water potential (YL). Given that berry size is a crucial aspect for yield as well as quality, it was evident that low levels of water potential can restrict berry development, thereby reducing berry size. Bunch mass was lower where there were lower levels of YL, pre-dawn leaf water potential (YPD) and total diurnal water potential (YTot). Poorer yield was generally related to lower levels of YL experienced throughout the season. However, lower levels of YL in the post-veraison period did not affect grapevine yield. The juice TSS did not respond to levels of YL but juice total titratable acidity (TTA) was related to lower levels of YL. Grape colour was affected where wet soil conditions induced higher levels of YL as well as where dry soil conditions induced lower levels of YL.
Winery on-site assessment of grapevine bunch rot: In pursuit of sustainable practices: Winery On-site Assessment of Grapevine Bunch Rot
Authors: Cornelissen R.J. , Aleixandre-Tudo J. L. , Nieuwoudt H.H.
Published: July 2023

Producer wineries are responsible for the processing of 75% of South Africa’s annual wine grape production. Characteristic to producer wineries is the processing of large volumes of wine grapes, thus incorporating enormous variability in grape quality, which include the presence of grapevine bunch rots. Grapevine bunch rots are detrimental to grape and wine quality. This review begins with the authors bringing background on the industrial situation at producer wineries. A section follows where the economic effect of rot infection on wine production is written about. Two principal reasons why rot infections are inevitably part of grape production are discussed. Challenges for producer wineries in terms of accurate rot assessment is set out. The last part of the review focusses on the quest for sustainable assessment of grapevine bunch rot infections under industrial conditions. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) could provide a sustainable option for objective assessment of rot infection on-site at producer wineries. However, even with the availability of plenty of spectroscopic methods, as well as demonstrated potential of IR spectroscopy for rapid assessment of grapevine bunch rot infections, these methods are yet to be applied routinely under industrial conditions.
Phylogeny of Holocacista capensis (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) from Vineyards and Natural Forests in South Africa Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes
Authors: Steyn L.A.I. , Karsten M. , Malan A.P. , Wang H.-L. , Addison P.
Published: July 2023

In South Africa, the family Heliozelidae in the order Lepidoptera is restricted to four known species. The grapevine leaf miner, Holocacista capensis, feeds between the epidermal layers of a grapevine leaf, predominantly along the leaf margin. A final instar larva will descend from the blotch mine/gallery to attach its cocoon casing (constructed from the epidermal layers of the mined gallery) to any object below the infested leaf. Five monophyletic clades and a polyphyletic group have been identified within the Heliozelidae, using a mitochondrially encoded gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and a nuclear gene, histone 3 (H3). An exploratory study of the genetic diversity within H. capensis populations was conducted using these genes. The phylogenetic analyses of COI indicate that H. capensis that are currently being collected from South Africa fall within three clades/haplotypes, of which one is well supported and contains only one species from Gauteng, and one has three specimens from two different areas in the Western Cape province, while 80% belong to haplotype 1 (H1). The current study can be used as a starting point for future DNA-based studies aimed at gaining insight into possible patterns of diversity in H. capensis to confirm switching from native to commercial grapevine hosts. However, more samples need to be collected from different areas in South Africa.
Training as A Growth Strategy for Trade SMEs in The Veracruz-Boca Del Río Conurbated Area
Authors: Uscanga-Martínez Roque , Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: July 2023

This research shows, based on the statistics, that the main entities that generate employment are small and medium-sized enterprises; the survey of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) serves as sustenance added to those generated by the National Micro-business Survey (ENAMIN ). In the context of training, the results of this study reflect that training for workers is not a priority. Consequently, they do not have it, even though it is regulated as a worker's right by the Ley Federal del Trabajo and an obligation for the business sector. The result shows the companies' conformity with the duality of the benefit of training since this fundamental part that could allow them to achieve greater competitiveness in the market is not found in their planning.
Management of Productive Zakat Management of Mustahic Welfare in Baznas Gorontalo District
Authors: Alamri Annisa Rizqa , Igrisa Jenal , Purnama Desca Thea , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Marini Marini , Harahap Reiki Nauli , Adha Nurul
Published: July 2023

Study this intended to analyze and describe productive zakat management to the well-being of Mustahik at Baznaz Gorontalo Regency. Problem-related to well-being Mustahik is interesting for research because Welfare is a condition that is the hope of every citizen. However, not all citizens quickly get Welfare, especially Mustahik. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis and data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results from the survey are organizing zakat BAZNAS Gorontalo Regency, namely by forming sub-sectors to support operational running management zakat, namely the zakat collection unit (UPZ), which is responsible for collecting zakat from muzak and implementing it as in the distribution and utilization of productive zakat in management, namely the distribution is uneven because the people in Gorontalo Regency have different economic conditions. Novelty in this research is that we found Supervision in the direction of zakat is carried out by forming an internal audit unit to oversee the work system implemented by each implementing area.
Las actitudes hacia la asignatura del Control de la Calidad y su relación con el aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - 2020
Authors: Tarazona Reyes Gladys Marina
Published: July 2023

En la investigación “Las actitudes hacia la asignatura del Control de la Calidad y su relación con el aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina – 2020”. El tipo de investigación es no experimental. El objetivo de la investigación es establecer la relación que existe entre las actitudes hacia la asignatura del Control de la Calidad con el aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 2020. Los resultados de confiabilidad y validez resulto satisfactorio con el Alfa de Cronbach y el Análisis Factorial (KMO), así mismo coinciden con la idea de que las actitudes, creencias, opiniones y la predisposición en los estudiantes hacia determinadas asignaturas tienen que ser positivas para lograr un aprendizaje significativo. La conclusión es que las actitudes hacia la asignatura del Control de la Calidad no tienen relación significativa con el aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 2020. El coeficiente de correlación es de -0,29, aun nivel de significancia de 0,05.
Fundamentals of p – n Junction
Authors: Roy Sunipa , Ghosh Chandan Kumar , Dey Sayan , Kumar Pal Abhijit
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, fundamentals of the p – n junction, electric field across the
junction, equilibrium carrier concentration on each side, etc., have been briefly
discussed. Expression of built-in potential in terms of carrier density has been derived.
Magnitudes of the current under zero, forward, and reverse biased conditions have
been calculated. Unlike a resistor, p – n junction corresponds to static, dynamic and
average ac resistance, and they have been briefly discussed here along with protocol
to examine their values. These p – n junctions also exhibit capacitance, namely
transition capacitance and diffusion capacitance. Herein, these parameters and their
relevance in current-voltage characteristics of p – n junction and applicational aspects
have been elaborated.
Junction Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Roy Sunipa , Kumar Ghosh Chandan , Dey Sayan , Kumar Pal Abhijit
Published: July 2023

FET is a resistor whose resistance value is controlled by the potential
applied to the control terminal termed as Gate. The conducting region is called a
channel which may be either p type or n type based on the substrate used. The channel
conductivity mainly depends on the gate region. I-V characteristics are expressed in
a detailed manner with necessary equations. JFET parameters are another crucial
factor to understand its characteristics. The small signal model of JFET is illustrated
in a very lucid manner.
Oxidation
Authors: Roy Sunipa , Kumar Ghosh Chandan , Dey Sayan , Kumar Pal Abhijit
Published: July 2023

This chapter introduces the readers to the oxidation process focusing on
silicon. It establishes the importance of oxidation in a silicon process and discusses
the thermal oxidation process and its growth mechanism in depth. Towards the end,
a detailed discussion on the oxide film characterization and its properties is provided.
After reading this chapter, the readers are expected to have a sound knowledge of the
oxidation process as a whole and its significance in the silicon processing industry.
Lithography
Authors: Roy Sunipa , Kumar Ghosh Chandan , Dey Sayan , Kumar Pal Abhijit
Published: July 2023

A few lithography techniques have been developed in the past few decades
with improvements in lens systems and advanced radiation sources for exposure, such
as photons, X-rays, electrons, ions, and neutral atoms. With each type of exposure
source, the instrumental details significantly change. However, the fundamental
principle behind the lithographic approaches remains the same. Photolithography is
the most intensive technique in microelectronic fabrication, especially for the bulk
production of integrated circuits (ICs). Below the different types of lithography
techniques are described in detail.
Metallic and Non-Metallic Quantum Dots as Potent Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Khayal Areeba , Ahmed Kabirun , Kumar Sahoo Amaresh , Palashuddin Sk Md
Published: July 2023

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a critical public health
issue worldwide, which demands the development of novel therapeutic agents as viable
alternatives to antibiotics. The advent of nanoscience and technology offers the
synthesis of several potential anti-microbial agents that are effective against both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. One such nanoscale material that
fascinated researchers due to its unique optoelectronic properties is Quantum Dots
(QDs). Moreover, these are found to be highly bactericidal, even against resistant
bacterial infections. Thus, a significant number of researches have been going on
globally to employ QDs as potent bactericidal agents alone or in combination with
antibiotics. Studies demonstrated that intracellular uptakes of QDs elevate the level of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cells, which turns-on cascades of intracellular
events that cause damage to DNA and proteins. However, the inherent reactive nature
of these metallic and semiconductor QDs raises huge concern for translational research
as these are found to be cytotoxic and non-biocompatible. Moreover, the human body
does not have a proper sequester mechanism to remove these metallic ions from the
body, which limits its direct applications. Recent progress in this line of interest has
focused on developing non-metallic quantum dots, such as carbon dots (CQDs) and
Black Phosphorus quantum dots (BP QDs) which showed less toxicity and
immunogenicity suitable for real-life applications. Therefore, in the present chapter, we
are going to discuss the recent development of bactericidal QDs and various types of
surface functionalization illustrated recently to increase biocompatibility.
Probiotics-based Anticancer Immunity In Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjan , Dhobi Mahaveer , Dewanjee Saikat
Published: July 2023

The gut microbiota is composed of commensal bacteria and other
microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome plays a
significant role in orchestrating human homeostasis via modulation of key steps
involving metabolism, inflammation and probably the most important of all, immunity.
As far as renal carcinoma is concerned, the diversity of the gut microbiome is a vital
risk factor in the onset and progression of renal cancer. Since probiotics have the
potential to positively amend the composition of gut microbiota, they have gained
increasing medical significance. The development of targeted immunotherapies has
changed the scenario of clinical management of renal carcinoma, but their use has been
hampered by increased host refractoriness and adverse effects. Recent studies show
that gut microbiota is involved in modulating the response to immunotherapy and the
host's susceptibility to dose-limiting adverse effects. Hence, manipulation of the gut
microbiome by probiotics is fast emerging as a feasible mechanism to improve
responsiveness to immunotherapy. In this chapter, we discuss the available evidence of
the potential role of modulation of microbiota by probiotics in the management of renal
carcinoma.
Probiotics as Adjuvants in Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Prakash Francis Arul , Nandakumar Selvasudha , Ahuja Alka , Abhukhader Majed , Unnikrishnan Meenakshi Dhanalekshmi
Published: July 2023

Cancer is a multifactorial disease and is the second leading cause of death
globally. The strength of the immune system is critical to fighting against cancer. It has
been documented that probiotics play a crucial role in successfully preventing and
treating several forms of cancer through microbiota and immunological modulation.
Probiotics-related research has gained attention due to its ability to modulate cancer via
different pathways like downregulation of oncogene expression, inhibition of kinases,
induction of autophagy, reactivation of tumor suppressors, etc. Probiotics are used as
an adjuvant in anticancer therapy because of their unique properties. It helps the human
immune system function at its best to detect and kill the cells that can become
cancerous. Administering a healthy or immune-potentiating probiotic as an
immunotherapy adjuvant is a more practical way to deal with several diseases in
clinical settings. Apart from direct anticancer effects, microbiome-derived products,
especially metabolites, directly affect cancer cells and indirectly act as signals for
immunomodulatory action. Probiotics can efficiently produce or release
compounds/metabolites with anticarcinogenic activity. Some studies have shown that
combining anticancer drugs with probiotics can reduce the harmful effects of
chemotherapy while also improving the therapeutic impact. Despite all these concepts
and proofs, the regulation of microbial intake as a medication category poses a
therapeutic challenge, and the data are still limited. The viability of probiotics as
adjuvants offering advantages by targeting cancer and reducing anticancer side effects,
particularly in cancer patients, needs to be investigated further.
Future Challenges in Probiotics-based Anticancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Abu Khader Majed , Unnikrishnan Meenakshi Dhanalekshmi
Published: July 2023

Anticancer immunotherapy is a promising approach to the treatment of
cancer. Probiotics have been introduced as a potential candidate to contribute to the
success of the anticancer immunotherapy approach. However, current and future
challenges in probiotics-based anticancer immunotherapy should be addressed to allow
better utilization and understanding of the limitations of the use of probiotics in such an
approach. This chapter highlights the safety issues related to probiotics use in human
subjects, such as adverse effects, bacteremia and risk-benefits analysis. It also briefly
discusses the status of the use of probiotics in human clinical trials to assess the
therapeutic effects of probiotics in the anticancer immunotherapy approach. More
human clinical trials are needed and should follow the principles of Good Clinical
Practice (GCP), with methodologies and end-points, useful to define outcomes by
considering their physiological and clinical meaning. Challenges related to the
properties of different probiotic species, their viability, and their strain-specific
therapeutic effects have been highlighted. It also spotlights the contemporary state of
personalized treatment for cancer patients using selected probiotic strains individually
and/or in combination. Careful consideration should be given to these issues in the use
of probiotic supplements in anticancer immunotherapy in clinical practice in the future.
Islamic Philanthropy-Based Green Economy Assistance to Build Post-Pandemic Resilience
Authors: Latifah Eny , Fithrotin Fithrotin , Farokhah Fiqih Aisyatul
Published: July 2023

The focus of the post-pandemic government is to pay attention to the process of economic revival and development that still pays attention to environmental impacts in order to be able to build self-resilience with natural phenomena experienced by many countries, including Indonesia. Efforts to build resilience using the basis of Islamic philanthropy through zakat, infaq, shadaqah and waqf instruments by paying attention to the sustainability of the green economy are one way out in order to realize economic sustainability. There needs to be assistance to the community in seeking self-defense by implementing a green economy on the basis of Islamic philanthropy including assistance to educational institutions, Islamic financial institutions, and religious socio-economic institutions through socialization of saving natural resources in the use of existing facilities at their respective institutions after pandemic
ASSESSING CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS IN POTENTIAL HAZARD NATURAL GAS PIPELINE FAILURE
Authors:   PT. Pustek E&T, Hasnan Ahmad , Darmawan Zefry , Iskandar Ade , Aswin Aswin
Published: July 2023

Increased energy demand in Indonesia is accompanied by increasing demand for natural gas, where in the next 50 years natural gas is predicted to be the number one energy source in Indonesia, pipeline is the cheapest way to distribute natural gas, in this way, length of pipeline infrastructure will increase year by year. it is still very much needed by both the household, industry, and power plants. The longer the pipeline, the risk of pipeline failure also increases, it is necessary to understand what factors have the most influence on pipeline failure, the method used is to create a factor matrix from a modified Muhlbauer, MICMAC is used to test the strength of the relationship between significant factors causing the potential hazard of pipeline failure. based on their influences and dependencies. The value of the dependency relationship between factors is determined from discussions with several pipeline experts in Indonesia, who work in related fields, the result is that there are three main factors that contribute major potential hazards, without being influenced by other factors, that is determining safety factors in the design process, depth pipeline and the existence of SOP in the pipeline system. One factor, namely depth, can be eliminated because there are government regulations requiring natural gas pipelines to be buried in the ground at a certain depth.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM USING ADAPTIVE SIMULATED ANNEALING
Authors:   Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Pamungkas Prayoga , Zahabiyah Rifdah , Shabrina Nadiah ,   Strategic Supply Chain Management, Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Published: July 2023

Road transport is a major CO2 emission contributor globally. To tackle the challenge of reducing world carbon emissions, alternative technologies for the automobile industry are widely researched. The automotive industry has started to shift from Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs), where EVs are the future of the automotive industry in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. EV manufacturers are continuously looking for opportunities to optimize the supply chain processes, aiming for supply chain resilience. In this study, we present an Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) to achieve the best decision, which is an extension of the traditional Vehicle routing problem (VRP) which in particular finding the shortest route for electric vehicles. The objective function is to find the best travel route that minimizes travel distance. Each route serves a set of customer nodes that starts and ends at a given depot node. We take battery capacity and charging stations as the constraints. In addition, the use of homogenous fleets and single depot are considered in this paper. A hybrid metaheuristic approach is used to find the best solution with the Adaptive Simulated Annealing algorithm. The use of adaptive in simulated annealing generates a higher probability of finding the best operators, which results in better solutions. A comparison of results from various metaheuristic methods is also presented in this paper to get the best method for the EVRP based on a benchmark dataset. This paper ends with recommendations for creating a routing plan that is resilient to disruptions to distribution.
ONLINE PARTIAL DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT FOR CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE OF HV POWER CABLES IN RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Endharta Alfonsus , Kim Jongwoon , Kim Yongseon
Published: July 2023

Partial discharge (PD) measurement as one of well-known method to evaluate the condition of high voltage (HV) power cables has been studied over many decades. Cable insulation failure could result in a power outage, which could then cause a loss of service in the transportation system and even dangerous events like fire accidents. It is of a great interest to railway infrastructure operators to monitor and identify the cable faults before any possible accident occurs. The paper focuses on the diagnostic problem to detect the HV cable fault based on the Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) patterns. Classification models, such as Random Forest and Convolutional Neural Network, are considered to classify the pattern of PRPD based on the mostly occurring PD types in HV cables, such as corona, surface, and void patterns. Experiments are performed and the PRPD data from the experiments are collected. The optimal model is applied in the online monitoring program which will be used continuously to evaluate the cable condition and arrange the optimal schedule for maintenance. According to the analysis, both algorithm perform well in the PRPD pattern categorization, with accuracy up to 83.45%. This indicates that due to the more effective behavior, PD assessment with PD sensors is preferable.
STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT BASED ON BUSINESS COMMERCIAL INTEGRATING CO-CREATION PROCESS TO GUIDE PSS TRANSITION
Authors: Dyah Widha , Himawan Rakhmat , Ardianwiliandri Raditya
Published: July 2023

Product-Service System (PSS) is considered as a promising solution for manufacturing industry to address environmental and economic issues simultaneously. Despite the potential benefit, PSS uptake across industries is hardly found. This research aims to draw current state of manufacturing industry upon theoretical framework of PSS typology to get insights of the gap in between. The study exhibits PSS level assessment indicated by key character identified from the various literature of PSS typology. The study also introduces co-creation process as a strategy to increase system capability within PSS framework. Manufacturing companies are selected from various source of literature and article in PSS discussion to exercise PSS assessment. The evaluation of PSS current practice reveals that commercial based transaction (B2B and B2C) play a significant role to determine the suitable development strategy for PSS transition. Furthermore, the type of business commercial also determines the customer involvement level in co-creation process. A framework to guide PSS transition based on the business commercial is established, comprehends the type of value proposition, suitable business strategy, network configuration, and co-creation level.
use of Partial Least Squares to define the Characteristics in the Environment of Higher Education Institutions and their Effects on Entrepreneurial Academic Education, a case study: Torreon, Mexico
Authors: Gonzalez Flores Karen Miriam
Published: July 2023

Because university incubators have a favorable effect on student’s entrepreneurial intents, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are essential to the delivery of entrepreneurship education. By analyzing the perceptions of students who received master diploma in management-business fields in Torreon, Mexico in 2021, the aim of the research is to identify the internal and external aspects of the HEI environment and their impact on entrepreneurial education using Partial Least Squares methodology with the help of the SmartPLS software, 156 responses from the statistical tool provided 120 responses. Three of the original hypotheses were confirmed, while four variables—two associated with HEI ecosystem external factors and two with entrepreneurial education elements—had to be removed since they were not accepted. The findings will lead to a better comprehension of the elements influencing master students' entrepreneurial perspective to create stronger relationship with elements of the HEI ecosystem.
Mérnöktanár-képzés – Taneszközök kiválasztása
Authors: Nagyné Kondor Rita
Published: July 2023

A mérnöktanár-képzésből kerülnek ki a szakképzés leendő tanárai. A diákoknak a tanulás javítása érdekében megfelelő oktatási eszközökre van szükségük, melyek elősegítik az interakciót és ösztönző tanulási környezetet biztosítanak.  Jelen cikk a leendő mérnöktanárok taneszköz választásával és használatával foglalkozik a szakképző iskolákban folytatott tanítási gyakorlat után.