bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Deployment Challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks at Signalized Intersections
Authors: Azpilicueta Leyre , López-Iturri Peio , Aguirre Erik , Martínez Carlos , Astrain José , Villadangos Jesús , Falcone Francisco
Published: July 2016

With the growing demand of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for safer and more efficient transportation, research on and development of such vehicular communication systems have increased considerably in the last years. The use of wireless networks in vehicular environments has grown exponentially. However, it is highly important to analyze radio propagation prior to the deployment of a wireless sensor network in such complex scenarios. In this work, the radio wave characterization for ISM 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) deployed taking advantage of the existence of traffic light infrastructure has been assessed. By means of an in-house developed 3D ray launching algorithm, the impact of topology as well as urban morphology of the environment has been analyzed, emulating the realistic operation in the framework of the scenario. The complexity of the scenario, which is an intersection city area with traffic lights, vehicles, people, buildings, vegetation and urban environment, makes necessary the channel characterization with accurate models before the deployment of wireless networks. A measurement campaign has been conducted emulating the interaction of the system, in the vicinity of pedestrians as well as nearby vehicles. A real time interactive application has been developed and tested in order to visualize and monitor traffic as well as pedestrian user location and behavior. Results show that the use of deterministic tools in WSN deployment can aid in providing optimal layouts in terms of coverage, capacity and energy efficiency of the network.
Passive Resistor Temperature Compensation for a High-Temperature Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Yao Zong , Liang Ting , Jia Pinggang , Hong Yingping , Qi Lei , Lei Cheng , Zhang Bin , Li Wangwang , Zhang Diya , Xiong Jijun
Published: July 2016

The main limitation of high-temperature piezoresistive pressure sensors is the variation of output voltage with operating temperature, which seriously reduces their measurement accuracy. This paper presents a passive resistor temperature compensation technique whose parameters are calculated using differential equations. Unlike traditional experiential arithmetic, the differential equations are independent of the parameter deviation among the piezoresistors of the microelectromechanical pressure sensor and the residual stress caused by the fabrication process or a mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients. The differential equations are solved using calibration data from uncompensated high-temperature piezoresistive pressure sensors. Tests conducted on the calibrated equipment at various temperatures and pressures show that the passive resistor temperature compensation produces a remarkable effect. Additionally, a high-temperature signal-conditioning circuit is used to improve the output sensitivity of the sensor, which can be reduced by the temperature compensation. Compared to traditional experiential arithmetic, the proposed passive resistor temperature compensation technique exhibits less temperature drift and is expected to be highly applicable for pressure measurements in harsh environments with large temperature variations.
Localisation of Sensor Nodes with Hybrid Measurements in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Salman Naveed , Kemp Andrew , Mihaylova Lyudmila
Published: July 2016

Localisation in wireless networks faces challenges such as high levels of signal attenuation and unknown path-loss exponents, especially in urban environments. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes solutions to localisation problems in noisy environments. A new observation model for localisation of static nodes is developed based on hybrid measurements, namely angle of arrival and received signal strength data. An approach for localisation of sensor nodes is proposed as a weighted linear least squares algorithm. The unknown path-loss exponent associated with the received signal strength is estimated jointly with the coordinates of the sensor nodes via the generalised pattern search method. The algorithm’s performance validation is conducted both theoretically and by simulation. A theoretical mean square error expression is derived, followed by the derivation of the linear Cramer-Rao bound which serves as a benchmark for the proposed location estimators. Accurate results are demonstrated with 25%–30% improvement in estimation accuracy with a weighted linear least squares algorithm as compared to linear least squares solution.
Fiber Optic Sensors for Temperature Monitoring during Thermal Treatments: An Overview
Authors: Schena Emiliano , Tosi Daniele , Saccomandi Paola , Lewis Elfed , Kim Taesung
Published: July 2016

During recent decades, minimally invasive thermal treatments (i.e., Radiofrequency ablation, Laser ablation, Microwave ablation, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ablation, and Cryo-ablation) have gained widespread recognition in the field of tumor removal. These techniques induce a localized temperature increase or decrease to remove the tumor while the surrounding healthy tissue remains intact. An accurate measurement of tissue temperature may be particularly beneficial to improve treatment outcomes, because it can be used as a clear end-point to achieve complete tumor ablation and minimize recurrence. Among the several thermometric techniques used in this field, fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have several attractive features: high flexibility and small size of both sensor and cabling, allowing insertion of FOSs within deep-seated tissue; metrological characteristics, such as accuracy (better than 1 °C), sensitivity (e.g., 10 pm·°C−1 for Fiber Bragg Gratings), and frequency response (hundreds of kHz), are adequate for this application; immunity to electromagnetic interference allows the use of FOSs during Magnetic Resonance- or Computed Tomography-guided thermal procedures. In this review the current status of the most used FOSs for temperature monitoring during thermal procedure (e.g., fiber Bragg Grating sensors; fluoroptic sensors) is presented, with emphasis placed on their working principles and metrological characteristics. The essential physics of the common ablation techniques are included to explain the advantages of using FOSs during these procedures.
Design of a Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Method Used for an Automatic Bearing Tracking System
Authors: Guo Feng , Liu Huawei , Huang Jingchang , Zhang Xin , Zu Xingshui , Li Baoqing , Yuan Xiaobing
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we introduce a sub-band direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method suitable for employment within an automatic bearing tracking system. Inspired by the magnitude-squared coherence (MSC), we extend the MSC to the sub-band and propose the sub-band magnitude-squared coherence (SMSC) to measure the coherence between the frequency sub-bands of wideband signals. Then, we design a sub-band DOA estimation method which chooses a sub-band from the wideband signals by SMSC for the bearing tracking system. The simulations demonstrate that the sub-band method has a good tradeoff between the wideband methods and narrowband methods in terms of the estimation accuracy, spatial resolution, and computational cost. The proposed method was also tested in the field environment with the bearing tracking system, which also showed a good performance.
Design and Field Experimentation of a Cooperative ITS Architecture Based on Distributed RSUs
Authors: Moreno Asier , Osaba Eneko , Onieva Enrique , Perallos Asier , Iovino Giovanni , Fernández Pablo
Published: July 2016

This paper describes a new cooperative Intelligent Transportation System architecture that aims to enable collaborative sensing services. The main goal of this architecture is to improve transportation efficiency and performance. The system, which has been proven within the participation in the ICSI (Intelligent Cooperative Sensing for Improved traffic efficiency) European project, encompasses the entire process of capture and management of available road data. For this purpose, it applies a combination of cooperative services and methods for data sensing, acquisition, processing and communication amongst road users, vehicles, infrastructures and related stakeholders. Additionally, the advantages of using the proposed system are exposed. The most important of these advantages is the use of a distributed architecture, moving the system intelligence from the control centre to the peripheral devices. The global architecture of the system is presented, as well as the software design and the interaction between its main components. Finally, functional and operational results observed through the experimentation are described. This experimentation has been carried out in two real scenarios, in Lisbon (Portugal) and Pisa (Italy).
An Improved Otsu Threshold Segmentation Method for Underwater Simultaneous Localization and Mapping-Based Navigation
Authors: Yuan Xin , Martínez José-Fernán , Eckert Martina , López-Santidrián Lourdes
Published: July 2016

The main focus of this paper is on extracting features with SOund Navigation And Ranging (SONAR) sensing for further underwater landmark-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). According to the characteristics of sonar images, in this paper, an improved Otsu threshold segmentation method (TSM) has been developed for feature detection. In combination with a contour detection algorithm, the foreground objects, although presenting different feature shapes, are separated much faster and more precisely than by other segmentation methods. Tests have been made with side-scan sonar (SSS) and forward-looking sonar (FLS) images in comparison with other four TSMs, namely the traditional Otsu method, the local TSM, the iterative TSM and the maximum entropy TSM. For all the sonar images presented in this work, the computational time of the improved Otsu TSM is much lower than that of the maximum entropy TSM, which achieves the highest segmentation precision among the four above mentioned TSMs. As a result of the segmentations, the centroids of the main extracted regions have been computed to represent point landmarks which can be used for navigation, e.g., with the help of an Augmented Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF)-based SLAM algorithm. The AEKF-SLAM approach is a recursive and iterative estimation-update process, which besides a prediction and an update stage (as in classical Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)), includes an augmentation stage. During navigation, the robot localizes the centroids of different segments of features in sonar images, which are detected by our improved Otsu TSM, as point landmarks. Using them with the AEKF achieves more accurate and robust estimations of the robot pose and the landmark positions, than with those detected by the maximum entropy TSM. Together with the landmarks identified by the proposed segmentation algorithm, the AEKF-SLAM has achieved reliable detection of cycles in the map and consistent map update on loop closure, which is shown in simulated experiments.
Piezoresistive Membrane Surface Stress Sensors for Characterization of Breath Samples of Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Lang Hans , Loizeau Frédéric , Hiou-Feige Agnès , Rivals Jean-Paul , Romero Pedro , Akiyama Terunobu , Gerber Christoph , Meyer Ernst
Published: July 2016

For many diseases, where a particular organ is affected, chemical by-products can be found in the patient’s exhaled breath. Breath analysis is often done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, but interpretation of results is difficult and time-consuming. We performed characterization of patients’ exhaled breath samples by an electronic nose technique based on an array of nanomechanical membrane sensors. Each membrane is coated with a different thin polymer layer. By pumping the exhaled breath into a measurement chamber, volatile organic compounds present in patients’ breath diffuse into the polymer layers and deform the membranes by changes in surface stress. The bending of the membranes is measured piezoresistively and the signals are converted into voltages. The sensor deflection pattern allows one to characterize the condition of the patient. In a clinical pilot study, we investigated breath samples from head and neck cancer patients and healthy control persons. Evaluation using principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a clear distinction between the two groups. As head and neck cancer can be completely removed by surgery, the breath of cured patients was investigated after surgery again and the results were similar to those of the healthy control group, indicating that surgery was successful.
Modeling and Assessment of GPS/BDS Combined Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Chen Junping , Wang Jungang , Zhang Yize , Yang Sainan , Chen Qian , Gong Xiuqiang
Published: July 2016

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique enables stand-alone receivers to obtain cm-level positioning accuracy. Observations from multi-GNSS systems can augment users with improved positioning accuracy, reliability and availability. In this paper, we present and evaluate the GPS/BDS combined PPP models, including the traditional model and a simplified model, where the inter-system bias (ISB) is treated in different way. To evaluate the performance of combined GPS/BDS PPP, kinematic and static PPP positions are compared to the IGS daily estimates, where 1 month GPS/BDS data of 11 IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations are used. The results indicate apparent improvement of GPS/BDS combined PPP solutions in both static and kinematic cases, where much smaller standard deviations are presented in the magnitude distribution of coordinates RMS statistics. Comparisons between the traditional and simplified combined PPP models show no difference in coordinate estimations, and the inter system biases between the GPS/BDS system are assimilated into receiver clock, ambiguities and pseudo-range residuals accordingly.
Ectromelia Virus Disease Characterization in the BALB/c Mouse: A Surrogate Model for Assessment of Smallpox Medical Countermeasures
Authors: Garver Jennifer , Weber Lauren , Vela Eric , Anderson Mike , Warren Richard , Merchlinsky Michael , Houchens Christopher , Rogers James
Published: July 2016

In 2007, the United States– Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued guidance concerning animal models for testing the efficacy of medical countermeasures against variola virus (VARV), the etiologic agent for smallpox. Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is naturally-occurring and responsible for severe mortality and morbidity as a result of mousepox disease in the murine model, displaying similarities to variola infection in humans. Due to the increased need of acceptable surrogate animal models for poxvirus disease, we have characterized ECTV infection in the BALB/c mouse. Mice were inoculated intranasally with a high lethal dose (125 PFU) of ECTV, resulting in complete mortality 10 days after infection. Decreases in weight and temperature from baseline were observed eight to nine days following infection. Viral titers via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and plaque assay were first observed in the blood at 4.5 days post-infection and in tissue (spleen and liver) at 3.5 days post-infection. Adverse clinical signs of disease were first observed four and five days post-infection, with severe signs occurring on day 7. Pathological changes consistent with ECTV infection were first observed five days after infection. Examination of data obtained from these parameters suggests the ECTV BALB/c model is suitable for potential use in medical countermeasures (MCMs) development and efficacy testing.
SPECT/CT study of bronchial deposition of inhaled particles
Authors: Ilic Vesna , Dunet Vincent , Le Pape Alain , Buchs Mikael , Kosinski Marek , Delaloye Angelika Bischof , Gerber Stefan , Prior John
Published: July 2016

Aims: Vaccination by aerosol inhalation can be used to efficiently deliver antigen against HPV to mucosal tissue, which is particularly useful in developing countries (simplicity of administration, costs, no need for cold chain). For optimal immunological response, vaccine particles should preferentially be delivered to proximal bronchial airways. We aimed at quantifying the deposition of inhaled particles in central airways and peripheral lung, and to assess administration biosafety. Participants, methods: 20 healthy volunteers (13W/7M, aged 24±4y) performed a 10-min free-breathing inhalation of 99mTc-stannous chloride colloid aerosol (450 MBq) in a buffer solution without vaccinal particles using an ultrasonic nebulizer (mass median aerodynamic diameter 4.2 μm) and a double mask inside a biosafety cabinet dedicated to assess environmental particle release. SPECT/CT and whole-body planar scintigraphy were acquired to determine whole-body and regional C/P distribution ratio (central-to-peripheral pulmonary deposition counts). Using a phantom, SPECT sensitivity was calibrated to obtain absolute pulmonary activity deposited by inhalation. Results: All participants successfully performed the inhalation that was well tolerated (no change in pulmonary peak expiratory flow rate, p = 0.9). It was environmentally safe (no activity released in the biosafety filter.) 1.3±0.6% (range 0.4–2.6%) of the total nebulizer activity was deposited in the lungs with a C/P distribution ratio of 0.40±0.20 (range 0.15–1.14). Conclusion: Quantification and regional distribution of inhaled particles in an aerosolized vaccine model is possible using radioactive particles. This will allow optimizing deposition parameters and determining the particles charge for active-particles vaccination.
Direct vs. indirect effects of whole‐genome duplication on prezygotic isolation inChamerion angustifolium: Implications for rapid speciation
Authors: Husband Brian C. , Baldwin Sarah J. , Sabara Holly A.
Published: July 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The depiction of polyploid speciation as instantaneous implies that strong prezygotic and postzygotic isolation form as a direct result of whole‐genome duplication. However, the direct vs. indirect contributions of genome duplication to phenotypic divergence and prezygotic isolation are rarely quantified across multiple reproductive barriers.

METHODS:

We compared the phenotypic differences between diploid and both naturally occurring and synthesized tetraploids (neotetraploids) of the plantChamerion angustifolium. Using this information and additional published values for this species, we compared the magnitude of isolation (ecological, flowering, pollinator, and gametic) between diploids and natural‐occurring tetraploids to that between diploids and neotetraploids.

KEY RESULTS:

Differences among ploidy cytotypes were observed for eight of 12 vegetative and reproductive traits measured. Neotetraploids resembled diploids but differed from natural tetraploids with respect to four traits, including flowering time and plant height. Diploid–neotetraploid (2x–4xneo) experimental arrays exhibited lower pollinator fidelity to cytotype and seed set compared with 2x–4xnatarrays. Based on these results and published evidence, reproductive isolation between diploids and neotetraploids across all four life stages averaged 0.48 and deviated significantly from that between diploids and natural tetraploids (RI = 0.96).

CONCLUSIONS:

Genome duplication causes phenotypic shifts and contributes directly to prezygotic isolation for some barriers (gametic isolation) but cannot account for the cumulative isolation from diploids observed in natural tetraploids. Therefore, conditions for species formation through genome duplication are not necessarily instantaneous and selection to strengthen prezygotic barriers in young polyploids is critical for the establishment of polyploid species in sympatry.
HOW SPIRALS AND GAPS DRIVEN BY COMPANIONS IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS APPEAR IN SCATTERED LIGHT AT ARBITRARY VIEWING ANGLES
Authors: Dong (董若冰) Ruobing , Fung (馮澤之) Jeffrey , Chiang (蔣詒曾) Eugene
Published: July 2016

Direct imaging observations of protoplanetary disks at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths have revealed structures of potentially planetary origin. Investigations of observational signatures from planet-induced features have so far focused on disks viewed face-on. Combining 3D hydrodynamics and radiative transfer simulations, we study how the appearance of the spiral arms and the gap produced in a disk by a companion varies with inclination and position angle in NIR scattered light. We compare the cases of a 3M
J and a 0.1M
⊙ companion, and make predictions suitable for testing with Gemini/GPI, Very Large Telescope/NACO/SPHERE, and Subaru/HiCIAO/SCExAO. We find that the two trailing arms produced by an external perturber can have a variety of morphologies in inclined systems—they may appear as one trailing arm; two trailing arms on the same side of the disk; or two arms winding in opposite directions. The disk ring outside a planetary gap may also mimic spiral arms when viewed at high inclinations. We suggest potential explanations for the features observed in HH 30, HD 141569 A, AK Sco, HD 100546, and AB Aur. We emphasize that inclined views of companion-induced features cannot be converted into face-on views using simple and commonly practiced image deprojections.
POPULATION PROPERTIES OF BROWN DWARF ANALOGS TO EXOPLANETS*
Authors: Faherty Jacqueline K. , Riedel Adric R. , Cruz Kelle L. , Gagne Jonathan , Filippazzo Joseph C. , Lambrides Erini , Fica Haley , Weinberger Alycia , Thorstensen John R. , Tinney C. G. , Baldassare Vivienne , Lemonier Emily , Rice Emily L.
Published: July 2016

We present a kinematic analysis of 152 low surface gravity M7-L8 dwarfs by adding 18 new parallaxes (including 10 for comparative field objects), 38 new radial velocities, and 19 new proper motions. We also add low- or moderate-resolution near-infrared spectra for 43 sources confirming their low surface gravity features. Among the full sample, we find 39 objects to be high-likelihood or new bona fide members of nearby moving groups, 92 objects to be ambiguous members and 21 objects that are non-members. Using this age-calibrated sample, we investigate trends in gravity classification, photometric color, absolute magnitude, color–magnitude, luminosity, and effective temperature. We find that gravity classification and photometric color clearly separate 5–130 Myr sources from >3 Gyr field objects, but they do not correlate one to one with the narrower 5–130 Myr age range. Sources with the same spectral subtype in the same group have systematically redder colors, but they are distributed between 1 and 4σ from the field sequences and the most extreme outlier switches between intermediate- and low-gravity sources either confirmed in a group or not. The absolute magnitudes of low-gravity sources from the J band through W3 show a flux redistribution when compared to equivalently typed field brown dwarfs that is correlated with spectral subtype. Low-gravity, late-type L dwarfs are fainter at J than the field sequence but brighter by W3. Low-gravity M dwarfs are >1 mag brighter than field dwarfs in all bands from J through W3. Clouds, which are a far more dominant opacity source for L dwarfs, are the likely cause. On color–magnitude diagrams, the latest-type, low-gravity L dwarfs drive the elbow of the L/T transition up to 1 mag redder and 1 mag fainter than field dwarfs at M

J
but are consistent with or brighter than the elbow at M

W1 and M

W2. We conclude that low-gravity dwarfs carry an extreme version of the cloud conditions of field objects to lower temperatures, which logically extends into the lowest-mass, directly imaged exoplanets. Furthermore, there is an indication on color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs; such as M

J
versus (J–W2)) of increasingly redder sequences separated by gravity classification, although it is not consistent across all CMD combinations. Examining bolometric luminosities for planets and low-gravity objects, we confirm that (in general) young M dwarfs are overluminous while young L dwarfs are normal compared to the field. Using model extracted radii, this translates into normal to slightly warmer M dwarf temperatures compared to the field sequence and lower temperatures for L dwarfs with no obvious correlation with the assigned moving group.
TRANSIT TIMING OBSERVATIONS FROM KEPLER. IX. CATALOG OF THE FULL LONG-CADENCE DATA SET
Authors: Holczer Tomer , Mazeh Tsevi , Nachmani Gil , Jontof-Hutter Daniel , Ford Eric B. , Fabrycky Daniel , Ragozzine Darin , Kane Mackenzie , Steffen Jason H.
Published: July 2016

We present a new transit timing catalog of 2599 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs), using the PDC-MAP long-cadence light curves that include the full 17 quarters of the mission (ftp://wise-ftp.tau.ac.il/pub/tauttv/TTV/ver_112). The goal is to produce an easy-to-use catalog that can stimulate further analyses of interesting systems. For 779 KOIs with high enough S/N, we derived the timing, duration, and depth of 69,914 transits. For 1820 KOIs with lower SNR, we derived only the timing of 225,273 transits. After removal of outlier timings, we derived various statistics for each KOI that were used to indicate significant variations. Including systems found by previous works, we have detected 260 KOIs that showed significant TTVs with long-term variations (>100 days), and another 14 KOIs with periodic modulations shorter than 100 days and small amplitudes. For five of those, the periodicity is probably due to the crossing of rotating stellar spots by the transiting planets.
L'intonation du français L3 : le cas de locuteurs de norvégien L1 et d'anglais L2
Authors: Bordal Steien Guri , Lyche Chantal
Published: July 2016

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux contours de finalité d'énoncés déclaratifs produits par des locuteurs norvégiens dont le français est la L3 et l'anglais la L2. Le norvégien a la particularité de présenter un contour intonatif montant dans ce contexte. Nous montrons que les apprenants norvégiens tendent à transférer ce contour en français mais que le fait d'avoir acquis le contour descendant de l'anglais peut, dans certains cas, faciliter son acquisition en français.
Democracia, escala y participación. Reflexiones desde las instituciones participativas brasileñas
Authors: Avritzer Leonardo , Ramos Alfredo
Published: July 2016

Existe un planteamiento generalizado dentro de la teoría democrática, especialmente en la teoría participativa, según el cual, a menor escala (entendida como tamaño del territorio o nivel administrativo), mayores posibilidades de desarrollar procesos participativos de mayor calidad. Para contestar dicha perspectiva, comparamos dos tipos de Instituciones Participativas en Brasil (Consejos y Conferencias Nacionales) en municipios de diferente tamaño y en diferentes niveles administrativos. La hipótesis del texto es que son los niveles intermedios los que presentan una mayor calidad democrática.
Juger et estimer la valeur d'autrui : des biais de jugement aux compétences sociales
Authors: Dépret Éric , Filisetti Laurence
Published: July 2016

Juger et estimer la valeur d'autrui est un acte éminemment social qui constitue une question complexe et fascinante pour les psychologues sociaux. L'objectif de cet article est de passer en revue de manière aussi synthétique que possible les contributions majeures des recherches en psychologie sociale au problème du jugement social, afin de dégager des pistes de réflexion et d'action pour le professionnel, essentiellement dans le domaine scolaire. Nous montrons, dans un premier temps, en quoi les psychologues sociaux mettent en garde l'évaluateur contre les nombreux biais socio-cognitifs et socio-affectifs qui affectent ses jugements d'autrui. Nous suggé­rons, dans un second temps, que bien que les psychologues sociaux se soient essentiellement penchés sur la source du jugement, il est utile de prendre en compte la cible du jugement et l'interaction entre la cible et la source. À ce propos, la notion de compétence sociale nous semble essentielle. Elle ouvre une voie vers une meilleure compréhension des processus du jugement social, notamment dans le domaine scolaire.
Difficultés de réinsertion sociale des traumatisés crâniens graves : une altération des auto-présentations normatives
Authors: Joly-Pottuz Barbara , Desrichard Olivier , Carbonnel Serge
Published: July 2016

Les troubles cognitifs résultant d'un traumatisme crânien grave (T.C.G.) retentissent sur l'adapta­tion sociale et professionnelle des victimes. L'objectif de ce travail est de mettre en évidence et d'analyser les troubles fonctionnels responsables des problèmes d'insertion rencontrés par les traumatisés crâniens graves (patients T.C.G.). Nous émettons l'hypothèse que les difficultés rencontrées par ces patients proviennent d'une perception altérée des normes situationnelles et par conséquent d'une mise en œuvre défaillante des comportements adéquats à adopter.Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié les capacités des patients T.C.G. à manipuler les stratégies d'auto-présentation en fonction de la désirabilité sociale d'un certain type de réponse (norme d'internalité) et de la nature des consignes administrées. Nous avons utilisé le questionnaire de « locus of control» de Dubois (1985) avec le paradigme d'auto-présentation (donner une bonne image de soi ou une mauvaise image de soi). Nous avons également utilisé le paradigme de « la petite annonce », les sujets devaient répondre à un questionnaire en orientant leurs réponses de manière à obtenir successivement deux postes bien différenciés (animateur et archiviste). Les tests d'intelligence sociale élaborés par O'Sullivan et Guilford (1978) ont complété notre protocole afin de mesurer les capacités des patients T.C.G. à reconnaître la structure des situations sociales. Les résultats mettent en évidence les difficultés rencontrées par les patients T.C.G. pour mettre en place les stratégies d'auto-présentation qui leur permettraient de s'adapter à une norme. Par exemple, ils présentent une perception altérée de la désirabilité du registre explicatif interne et des difficultés pour adapter leurs réponses en fonction des caractéristiques des postes à pourvoir. En raison des déficits des fonctions exécutives (touchant les activités d'analyse de la demande, de planification, de contrôle...), de l'anosognosie et des déficits métacognitifs, les traumatisés crâniens graves sont en échec pour analyser correctement les situations sociales et pour fournir un comportement adapté.
Effet de contexte, valeur d'internalité et jugement scolaire
Authors: Bressoux Pascal , Pansu Pascal
Published: July 2016

La présente étude examine comment les enseignants de C.E.2 construisent le jugement qu'ils portent sur la valeur scolaire de leurs élèves (8-9 ans). Il était demandé, d'une part, aux enseignants de porter des jugements concernant la valeur scolaire de leurs élèves (en mathématiques et en français) et, d'autre part, aux élèves de répondre à un questionnaire d'intemalité selon trois consignes (spontanée, de manière à se faire bien voir, de manière à se faire mal voir). Les résultats montrent premièrement un effet de contexte : plus le niveau global de la classe est élevé, plus le jugement est sévère. Ce résultat confirme l'idée selon laquelle le jugement que l'enseignant porte sur un élève ne se fonde pas uniquement sur le niveau individuel des perfor­mances de cet élève, mais également sur le niveau des autres élèves de la classe. Deuxièmement, les résultats montrent que les jugements des enseignants sont influencés par des valeurs normatives comme l'intemalité. Plus précisément, les jugements des enseignants sont influencés par la connaissance que les élèves ont de la norme d'internalité (i.e., lorsqu'il s'agit de se faire bien voir). Ces résultats nous conduisent à discuter la notion de clairvoyance normative.
Sectoral Polyarchy
Authors: Bishop Dan
Published: July 2016

In 1956 Dahl proposed that modern westernised democratic capitalist societies would ultimately evolve into a state of polyarchy, wherein interest groups, compensating for a lack of effective representation would ultimately subsume Government. Whilst Dahl postulated that this would happen at a state level, he was considering the phenomena from the perspective of social groups rather than from Government. Different sectors within a state are subject to different pressures, and consequently it is contended that some are closer to a transition to polyarchy than others. The defence sector is a case in point, and already exhibits many of the characteristics of polyarchy. This chapter will consider the reasons for this, its implications, and potential solution, focussing on issues of competition and risk. Given the UK defence sector unique position in relation to the United States and The European Union it will serve as the barometer for the polyarchic state in this discussion.
Critical Raw Materials and UK Defence Acquisition
Authors: Powell-Turner Julieanna , Antill Peter D.
Published: July 2016

This chapter examines the factors which could affect future critical raw material availability for UK defence, focusing on the availability of rare earth elements (REE). These include tighter regulatory policy and its enforcement, export policies, promoting greater efficiency in resource use, efforts to mitigate resource depletion and more efficient resource extraction while reducing its associated environmental impact. There is also the effect these factors might have on global supply chains, the impact on material insecurity and how this may exacerbate the issue of their use in UK defence acquisition. While this chapter looks at the issues and vulnerabilities surrounding the availability of REE, underlying this is the increasing vulnerability of military supply chains in an increasingly globalised world.
An Online Marketing Strategies Assessment for Companies in Airlines and Entertainment Industries in Malaysia
Authors: Nathan Robert Jeyakumar , Chiun Desmond Chong Fook , Suki Norazah Mohd
Published: July 2016

In promoting tourism, businesses in entertainment industry should provide e-commerce to their potential customers. Amongst the businesses in entertainment that are engaged in e-commerce include Sunway Lagoon, Golden Screen Cinemas (GSC), Escape-Room and KidZania. Hence, this chapter presents an evaluation of online marketing strategies and tools used by airlines industries like Malaysia Airlines System (MAS), Firefly, AirAsia, and Malindo Air, besides entertainment industries such as Sunway Lagoon, Golden Screen Cinemas (GSC), Escape-Room and KidZania. This research noted that websites need to be more interactive, enable customers to interact and socialize among each other through membership management and additional value-added information. Website with graphics and hyperlinks are not persuasive enough, website should improve with additional suggestions or ‘show more' features to invite customer perform additional clicks and explore to the website. Most of the website offers membership to its customer. This, this membership function should be fully utilized.
Students' Acceptance of YouTube for Procedural Learning
Authors: Lim Wen Ying , Chew Yuin Xian , Chan Cyn Ye , Leow Shyir Khie , Rozlan Siti Badriyah Mohamad , Yong William Junior
Published: July 2016

This research investigates students' acceptance of YouTube for procedural learning. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data based on sample of 240 respondents who pursuing studies in a public higher learning institution in Federal Territory of Labuan, Malaysia. Results revealed that there is connection between content richness, task-technology fit, YouTube self-efficacy and vividness and behavioral intention to use YouTube. Results may enhance the intentions of users on browsing YouTube for more procedural learning. YouTube can enlarge the functions as a mass-oriented means for procedural learning to increase the perceived usefulness of YouTube and improve the users' behavioral intention to browse YouTube. The role of this study is important to dedicate the YouTube users for the procedural learning in their education tasks. This study is to integrate the TAM with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness to have an effect on the activity intention of users.
Military Geography Research Notes
Authors: Fleming Steven Douglas
Published: July 2016

Military Geography is a subject that has interested many people for centuries. Military professionals, academics and historians have studied the impacts of physical and human landscapes on military operations in great detail. Today, interfacing with geographic information science and technology, applied geospatial research and the follow-on implementations thereof have greatly impacted the full range of military and homeland security operations. Complex uses of geospatial applications across many domains, in both the physical and social sciences, have become increasingly necessary. These include rapid data collection from disparate satellite, aerial, and terrestrial collection platforms, coupled with human intelligence, with follow-on injection into data bases registered to different security levels. Responsive data distribution from which integrated automated and manual geospatial analysis has also been conducted. Products generated from these data, systems and applications have enabled multiple services and agencies to “see” terrain as a common operating picture (COP).
Protein Motif Comparator using PSO K-Means
Authors: R. Gowri , Rathipriya R.
Published: July 2016

The main goal of this paper is to compare the motif information extracted from clusters and biclusters of the protein using Motif Comparator. The clusters and biclusters are obtained using the PSO k-means algorithm. The functions of the proteins are preferably found from their motif information. The Motif Comparator is used to detect the clusters and biclusters, to locate the Significant Amino Acids present, to find the highly homologous cluster. The motif information acquired is based on the structure homogeneity of the protein sequence. The homogeneity is evaluated based on their secondary structure similarity of the protein.
An Experience of Running a MOOC on Information Technology
Authors: Dagiene Valentina , Rutkauskiene Danguole , Gudoniene Daina
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with designing and running a massive open online course (MOOC) used in Lithuanian course “Information technologies” for learners of all levels. The main problem of this course relates to lack of qualified and experienced teachers who could have time for providing a high-quality massive open online course for learners. The results of the experience provided on a national level can be used for planning, designing and running various MOOCs on different subjects and aimed at different societies. The presented quantitative research on the basis of respondents' answers to a survey questions can help designers and teachers to improve their courses.
Diagnosis of Liver Disease by Using Least Squares Support Vector Machine Approach
Authors: Singh Aman , Pandey Babita
Published: July 2016

A healthy liver leads to healthy life. In India, as well as in other parts of the world, liver disease is one of the principle areas of concern in medicine. For this study, diagnosis of liver disease is performed by deploying classification methods include linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), feed-forward neural network (FFNN) and support vector machine (SVM) based approaches. Experimental results concluded that SVM based approaches outperformed all other classification methods in terms of diagnostic accuracy rates. Furthermore, least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) with gaussian radial basis kernel function based machine learning approach had emerged as the as the best predictive model by reducing inefficiencies caused by false diagnosis. LSSVM also performed better than linear SVM, polynomial SVM, quadratic SVM and multilayer perceptron SVM despite the uneven variance in attribute values in the health examination data.
Lessons from the Design of Three Educational Programming Environments
Authors: Kölling Michael
Published: July 2016

Educational programming systems are booming. More systems of this kind have been published in the last few years than ever before, and interest in this area is growing. With the rise of programming as a school subject in ever-younger age groups, the importance of dedicated educational systems for programming education is increasing. In the past, professional environments were often used in programming teaching; with the shift to younger age groups, this is no longer tenable. New educational systems are currently being designed by a diverse group of developing teams, in industry, in academia, and by hobbyists. In this paper, the author describes his experiences with the design of three systems—Blue, BlueJ, and Greenfoot—and extract lessons that he hopes may be useful for designers of future systems. He also discusses current developments, and suggests an area of interest where future work might be profitable for many users: the combination of aspects from block-based and text-based programming. The author briefly presents his work in this area—frame-based editing—and suggest possible future development options.
Dealing with Dangerous Data: Part-Whole Validation for Low Incident, High Risk Data
Authors: Chua Cecil Eng Huang , Storey Veda C.
Published: July 2016

In certain situations, syntactically valid, but incorrect, data entered into a database can result in near-immediate, catastrophic financial losses for an organization. Examples include: omitting zeros in prices of goods on e-commerce sites; and financial fraud where data is directly entered into databases, bypassing application-level financial checks. Such “dangerous data” can, and should, be detected, because it deviates substantially from the statistical properties of existing data. Detection of this kind of problem requires comparing individual data items to a large amount of existing data in the database at run-time. Furthermore, the identification of errors is probabilistic, rather than deterministic, in nature. This research proposes part-whole validation as an approach to addressing the dangerous data situation. Part-whole validation addresses fundamental issues in database management, for example, integrity maintenance. Illustrative and representative examples are first defined, and analyzed. Then, an architecture for part-whole validation is presented and implemented in a prototype to illustrate the feasibility of the research.
RENEWABLE ENERGY CONTENT OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS (FAME) AND GLYCEROL
Authors: Toscano Giuseppe , Duca Daniele
Published: July 2016

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and glycerol produced by transesterification reaction contain atoms that in the reagents belong to methanol and, therefore, are not renewable. A method to evaluate the content of the renewable and non-renewable energetic fraction, released during their combustion, was 52 Fig. 2 - Correlation between EFNR and NCM of FAME. Fig. 3 - Correlation between NCM and NS. Fig. 4 - Correlations between EFNR and NS. 07_Toscano(541)_47 26-01-2010 9:35 Pagina 52 developed using a thermochemical criteria, based on bond dissociation energies and the knowledge of the molecular structure of the reagents and the products. Results show that the fraction of non-renewable energy in the most diffused FAME is lower than 1% depending on the lengths of the carbonaceous methyl esters. Meanwhile, the energetic supply for the GL of this fraction is about 1.6%. The data reported in this document can be used to develop a criteria that corrects the fiscal mechanism aspects of some renewable energy products.
Can Time of Implant Placement influence Bone Remodeling?
Authors: Rafael Caroline Freitas , Passoni Bernardo , Araújo Carlos , de Araújo Maria A , Benfatti César , Volpato Claudia
Published: July 2016

Since the alveolar process is tissue “dental dependent,” after the extraction of the dental element, this process suffers some degree of atrophy during the healing process, which can be reduced with the installation of immediate implants, aiming to maintain the original bone architecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the time of implant placement on bone formation around them. Seven dogs were selected and randomly divided into two groups: Group 1, where implants were placed immediately after extraction of two lower premolars without flap elevation, and group 2, where implants were delayed by 4 months after extractions. Each group received 14 implants, and 4 months after the second surgery, the samples were processed and analyzed histomorphometrically. A mean average analysis and the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05) were performed. The buccal bone–implant contact (BIC) mean average was found larger in immediate implants (42.61%) compared with delayed implants (37.69%). Group 1 had statistically higher outcomes in bone formation and BIC on the buccal bone wall. It was concluded that performing immediate implants with the palatal approach technique and leaving a buccal GAP enables a higher or at least equal rate to BIC and bone area around them, when compared with delayed implants.

Actually, the patients and dentists want to do a shorter treatment with satisfactory results, but it is necessary to understand whether different times of implant placement can influence the results and longevity of the treatment.

How to cite this article

Rafael CF, Passoni B, Araújo C, de Araújo MA, Benfatti C, Volpato C. Can Time of Implant Placement influence Bone Remodeling? J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):270-274.
Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Novel Zirconia-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan H , Anil Sukumaran , Bhandi Shilpa H , Chalisserry Elna P , Almuhaiza Mohammed , AlZailai Abdulaziz M
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The purpose of thisin vitrostudy is to compare the compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) of the zirconia-reinforced restorative material (Zirconomer®) with conventional glass ionomers (Fuji 1X) and amalgam.

Materials and methods

Specimens (n = 120) were fabricated from silver amalgam, reinforced glass ionomer cement (GIC) (glass ionomer, Fuji 1X GC Corp.), and zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer (Zirconomer, Shofu Inc.) for testing the CS and DTS. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by a Tukeypost hoctest.

Results

Both CS and DTS were found to be significantly higher for the zirconia-reinforced GIC and silver amalgam compared with GIC (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

A newer class of restorative material like Zirconomer helps to overcome the potential hazard of mercury, but retains the strength and durability of amalgam as well as the sustained high-fluoride release of GICs. Furthermore, long-term studies are required to confirm its use as an alternative to the currently available posterior restorative material.

How to cite this article

Chalissery VP, Marwah N, Almuhaiza M, AlZailai AM, Chalisserry EP, Bhandi SH, Anil S. Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Novel Zirconia-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):394-398.