bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring user confidence in social media security and privacy
Authors: Gilman Ranogajec Mirna , Badurina Boris
Published: October 2021

In today’s Information society it is an everyday scenario to be a part of an online community such as social media. Participation has become almost mandatory to the point of acting as a virtual extremity to one’s physical environment. This virtual extremity is the individual’s window to the outside world and vice versa. The process of being a part of social media has become very easy and user friendly where one is only a few private information entries away from communicating and connecting with the rest of the world. From the user’s perspective it may be a small price considering what it is gained from joining an online community, but with the rise of social networking platforms, arise privacy concerns regarding social networking services. It is questionable how many social media users consider the information they upload or post about online whether it’s their location, hobbies, employment places, age or any other private information. How many users actually read security and privacy terms when first registering for a social media account? What private information are individuals comfortable with entering and sharing on social networking sites? More and more loopholes are being found in social media frameworks that may compromise user’s privacy or that can be misused in a way that was not intended by the user. In 2010, the Google CEO Eric Schmidt was even quoted “… If we look at enough of your messaging and your location, and use artificial intelligence, we can predict where you are going to go.” (Snickars, Pelle, Vonderau, 2012). That line alone raised a lot of concerns and questions about how exactly is the information users put online being used.
Stream-based explainable recommendations via blockchain profiling
Authors: Leal Fátima , Veloso Bruno , Malheiro Benedita , Burguillo Juan C. , Chis Adriana E. , González-Vélez Horacio
Published: October 2021

Explainable recommendations enable users to understand why certain items are suggested and, ultimately, nurture system transparency, trustworthiness, and confidence. Large crowdsourcing recommendation systems ought to crucially promote authenticity and transparency of recommendations. To address such challenge, this paper proposes the use of stream-based explainable recommendations via blockchain profiling. Our contribution relies on chained historical data to improve the quality and transparency of online collaborative recommendation filters – Memory-based and Model-based – using, as use cases, data streamed from two large tourism crowdsourcing platforms, namely Expedia and TripAdvisor. Building historical trust-based models of raters, our method is implemented as an external module and integrated with the collaborative filter through a post-recommendation component. The inter-user trust profiling history, traceability and authenticity are ensured by blockchain, since these profiles are stored as a smart contract in a private Ethereum network. Our empirical evaluation with HotelExpedia and Tripadvisor has consistently shown the positive impact of blockchain-based profiling on the quality (measured as recall) and transparency (determined via explanations) of recommendations.
Effect of supervised exercise training on exercise capacity, pulmonary function and growth differentiation factor 15 levels in patients with interstitial lung disease: A preliminary study
Authors: Alyami Rahmah Mohammad , Alhowikan Abdulrahman Mohammed
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease is characterized by exertion dyspnea, exercise limitation and reduced quality of life. The role of exercise training in this diverse patient group is unclear. The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-sensitive circulating factor that regulates systemic energy balance and could be a possible biomarker in interstitial lung disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of supervised exercise (endurance and resistance) training (SET) on exercise capacity, pulmonary function parameters and GDF15 levels in patients with interstitial lung disease (PwILD). METHODS: In this non-randomized case-control trial, the experimental group comprised of 10 PwILD (7 women and 3 men) while the control group consisted of of 18 apparently healthy participants s 11 women and 7 men). All subjects completed an 8-week supervised exercise training program, at a rate of twice a week. Dyspnea was evaluated using the Shortness of Breath Respiratory Questionnaire. Exercise capacity was measured using the 6-min walk test while the heart rate (HR) was monitored before and after the exercise training. GDF15 levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS: PwILD had significantly shorter 6-min walk distance than the control subjects at both the 1st and the 15th visit. However, both groups improved significantly in this test. The change (pre to post-exercise) in HR value was smaller in PwILD compared to the controls. Moreover, PwILD had higher Shortness of Breath Respiratory Questionnaire score than controls. The mean pre and post GDF15 values in both groups remained statistically unchanged. However the GDF15 values of the PwILD patients were significantly higher compared to the controls with respect to pre and post exercise training respectively. CONCLUSION: Supervised exercise training did not affect GDF15 levels in both patient and control groups but its values in PwILD were significantly higher compared to those of controls (p⩽0.05). The exercise capacity and dyspnea in these patients improved after exercise training program.
The association of lower trunk muscle strength with low back pain in elite lightweight judokas is dependent on lumber spine abnormalities
Authors: Okada Takashi , Iwai Kazunori , Hakkaku Takayoshi , Nakazato Koichi
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:

Lumbar radiological abnormalities (LRA) and trunk muscle weakness are major causes of the low back pain (LBP). We reported that the prevalence of LRA was approximately 90% in middle- and heavyweight-judokas, independent to the occurrence of LBP. However, the trunk muscle weakness, especially the rotators, plays a key role in occurrence of LBP in heavyweight judokas.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the trunk muscle strength (TMS) and LRA impact on LBP occurrence in lightweight judokas.

METHOD:

The strength of the trunk extensors, flexors, and rotators was measured in 32 lightweight male judokas. LBP and LRA were identified using a questionnaire, X-ray, and MRI.

RESULTS:

The occurrence rate of LBP and LRA were 40.6% and 62.5%, respectively, without any significant correlation. Among judokas without LRA, TMS of those with LBP were significantly lower than those without LBP ([Formula: see text] 0.05, the extensor; 60[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.38, 90[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 0.78, and 120[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 0.37, flexor; 60[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.48, dominant rotator; 60[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.66, and 90[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.87, non-dominant rotator; 90[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 0.17, and dominant/non-dominant rotator ratio; 90[Formula: see text]/s: ES [d] [Formula: see text] 1.55). Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between LBP severity and TMS ([Formula: see text] 0.05, the extensor; 90[Formula: see text]/s: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.63, dominant rotator; 90[Formula: see text]/s: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.648, and dominant/non-dominant rotator ratio; 90[Formula: see text]/s: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.621) in judokas without LRA.

CONCLUSION:

Weak trunk musculature may be a co-factor in the occurrence of LBP in lightweight judokas without LRA.
Digital communication in Swiss cities: A closer look at the low adoption and usage of social media platforms in a technologically advanced and innovative country
Authors: Mabillard Vincent , Zumofen Raphaël , Keuffer Nicolas
Published: October 2021

While a vast majority of local governments in Europe are communicating on social media, the situation differs in few states. Although Switzerland is often depicted as a technological advanced and innovative country, cities are still largely resisting the temptation to share information on social media platforms. In this study, we rely on a survey distributed to the communication managers of all cities over 10,000 inhabitants in Switzerland to uncover the reasons explaining this behavior. This approach is preferred to understand what motivates or prevents cities from communicating on social media, focusing mainly on perceptions of risks related to these platforms. Results indicate that some factors identified in the literature on public sector organizations slow down the social media adoption and usage at the local level; but interestingly, the conservative approach to social media preferred by numerous cities also plays a major role in explaining cities’ absence on these platforms.
Effects of High Definition-Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Local GABA and Glutamate Levels Among Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Lengu Ketrin , Ryan Shannon , Peltier Scott J. , Tyszkowski Troy , Kairys Anson , Giordani Bruno , Hampstead Benjamin M.
Published: October 2021

Background: Prior research, primarily with young adults, suggests transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects are driven by the primary excitatory and/or inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. Objective: We examined the neurometabolic mechanisms of tDCS in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We used data from a double-blind, cross-over, randomized controlled trial (NCT01958437) in 32 older adults to evaluate high definition (HD)-tDCS-induced changes in glutamate and GABA via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Participants underwent MRS following two counterbalanced HD-tDCS sessions (one active, one sham) that targeted the right superior parietal cortex (center anode at P2) and delivered 2mA for 20 minutes. Results: Relative to sham, and when co-varying for MRS voxel overlap and right superior parietal volume, active HD-tDCS significantly increased GABA and decreased the ratio of glutamate to GABA. No changes were observed in a left prefrontal control MRS voxel. Although we did not find a significant correlation between strength of delivered current (measured via MRI-based computational modeling) and neurometabolite change, there was a robust positive relationship between the volume of right superior parietal cortex and neurometabolite change. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings of increased GABA and reduced glutamate/GABA ratio raise the possibility that (HD-)tDCS effects differ by age. Moreover, age- and disease-related regional brain volume loss may be especially important to consider when planning future studies. Replication would emphasize the importance of developing population-specific tDCS parameters that consider structural and physiologic changes associated with “normal” and pathological aging.
Automatic Prediction of Cognitive and Functional Decline Can Significantly Decrease the Number of Subjects Required for Clinical Trials in Early Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Shafiee Neda ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Dadar Mahsa , Ducharme Simon , Collins D. Louis
Published: October 2021

Background: While both cognitive and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data has been used to predict progression in Alzheimer’s disease, heterogeneity between patients makes it challenging to predict the rate of cognitive and functional decline for individual subjects. Objective: To investigate prognostic power of MRI-based biomarkers of medial temporal lobe atrophy and macroscopic tissue change to predict cognitive decline in individual patients in clinical trials of early Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Data used in this study included 312 patients with mild cognitive impairment from the ADNI dataset with baseline MRI, cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β, cognitive test scores, and a minimum of two-year follow-up information available. We built a prognostic model using baseline cognitive scores and MRI-based features to determine which subjects remain stable and which functionally decline over 2 and 3-year follow-up periods. Results: Combining both sets of features yields 77%accuracy (81%sensitivity and 75%specificity) to predict cognitive decline at 2 years (74%accuracy at 3 years with 75%sensitivity and 73%specificity). When used to select trial participants, this tool yields a 3.8-fold decrease in the required sample size for a 2-year study (2.8-fold decrease for a 3-year study) for a hypothesized 25%treatment effect to reduce cognitive decline. Conclusion: When used in clinical trials for cohort enrichment, this tool could accelerate development of new treatments by significantly increasing statistical power to detect differences in cognitive decline between arms. In addition, detection of future decline can help clinicians improve patient management strategies that will slow or delay symptom progression.
Disclosing Genetic Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease to Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: Findings from the Study of Knowledge and Reactions to APOE Testing (SOKRATES II)
Authors: Largent Emily A. , Bhardwaj Twisha , Abera Maramawit , Stites Shana D. , Harkins Kristin , Lerner Alan J. , Bradbury Angela R. , Karlawish Jason
Published: October 2021

Background: Current practice guidelines recommend against Apolipoprotein E (APOE) testing. However, advances in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research and care may soon change this. Objective: To examine longitudinally the experience of learning an APOE result and, if an ɛ4 carrier, taking a disease-specific treatment to reduce one’s risk of AD. Methods: Fifty ɛ4 carriers and 20 non-carriers completed semi-structured interviews 3 months and 15 months after APOE disclosure. Results: Individuals generally understand their APOE results. While non-carriers felt relief, ɛ4 carriers often described themselves as disappointed by their result but nevertheless glad to know. Carriers expressed concerns about stigma and discrimination, including in the workplace. Carriers adopted new health behaviors at higher rates than non-carriers and revised their future plans to account for their increased risk of AD. Individuals participating in research were hopeful that their participation would help them or others; individuals who learned they were at increased risk for AD but who could not participate in research were disappointed. Conclusion: Providers disclosing APOE results should be sensitive to how APOE results shape emotions, self-perceptions, and attitudes about memory; raise concerns about stigma and discrimination in personal and professional relationships; influence health behaviors and decision-making; and can have follow-on effects on family members.
Sleep Characteristics and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Without Dementia: The CABLE Study
Authors: Fu Yan , Wang Zuo-Teng , Qu Yi , Wang Xiao-Tong , Ma Ya-Hui , Bi Yan-Lin , Dong Qiang , Tan Lan , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: October 2021

Background: The associations between sleep characteristics and cognition are complicated. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies have been proven to be associated with sleep characteristics. Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations between sleep characteristics and cognitive function and examine the roles of AD pathologies in modulating the association of sleep duration with cognition. Methods: A total of 974 participants who had measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), total tau proteins (T-tau), cognitive function, and sleep characteristics were included from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and Lifestyle (CABLE) study. Linear regression analyses were utilized to explore the associations of sleep characteristics with cognition. Non-linear regression analyses were utilized to explore the associations of sleep habits with cognition. Causal mediation analyses were conducted to explore the mediation effects of AD pathologies on cognition. Results: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) total score was significantly negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (p = 0.0176). Long latency (p = 0.0054) and low efficiency (p = 0.0273) were associated with cognitive impairment. Habitual nap behavior was associated with lower MoCA scores (p = 0.0045). U-shaped associations were observed between sleep habits (bedtime and nocturnal sleep duration) and cognition. A causal mediation analysis indicated that P-tau/Aβ42 mediated the association of sleep duration with cognition. Conclusion: These findings showed sleep characteristics were associated with cognitive functions. Sleep habits (duration, bedtime) had U-shaped associations with cognition. AD core pathologies might partially mediate the influence of sleep duration on cognitive impairments.
Deep learning for detecting logic-flaw-exploiting network attacks: An end-to-end approach
Authors: Zou Qingtian , Singhal Anoop , Sun Xiaoyan , Liu Peng
Published: October 2021

Network attacks have become a major security concern for organizations worldwide. A category of network attacks that exploit the logic (security) flaws of a few widely-deployed authentication protocols has been commonly observed in recent years. Such logic-flaw-exploiting network attacks often do not have distinguishing signatures, and can thus easily evade the typical signature-based network intrusion detection systems. Recently, researchers have applied neural networks to detect network attacks with network logs. However, public network data sets have major drawbacks such as limited data sample variations and unbalanced data with respect to malicious and benign samples. In this paper, we present a new end-to-end approach based on protocol fuzzing to automatically generate high-quality network data, on which deep learning models can be trained for network attack detection. Our findings show that protocol fuzzing can generate data samples that cover real-world data, and deep learning models trained with fuzzed data can successfully detect the logic-flaw-exploiting network attacks.
Finite-time Synchronization of fractional-order complex-valued fuzzy cellular neural networks with time-varying delays
Authors: Jin Wenbin , Cui Wenxia , Wang Zhenjie
Published: October 2021

Finite-time synchronization is concerned for the fractional-order complex-valued fuzzy cellular neural networks (FOCVFCNNs) with leakage delay and time-varying delays. Without using the usual complex-valued system decomposition method, this paper designs the different forms of the controllers by using 2-norm. And we construct the appropriate Lyapunov functional and apply inequality analytical techniques, some new sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure finite-time synchronization of the FOCVFCNNs. The upper bound of setting-time function is obtained. Finally, numerical examples are examined to illustrate the effectiveness of the analytical results.
Managing consistency and consensus measures and adjustment strategies in group decision making with probabilistic linguistic preference relations
Authors: Liang Pei , Hu Junhua , Chin KwaiSang
Published: October 2021

The use of probabilistic linguistic preference relations (PLPRs) in pairwise comparisons enhances the flexibility of quantitative decision making. To promote the application of probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) and PLPRs, this paper introduces the consistency and consensus measures and adjustment strategies to guarantee the rationality of preference information utilized in the group decision making process. First of all, a novel entropy-based similarity measure is developed with PLTSs. Hereafter an improved consistency measure is defined on the basis of the proposed similarity measure, and a convergent algorithm is constructed to deal with the consistency improving process. Furthermore, a similarity-based consensus measure is developed in a given PLPR, and the consensus reaching process is presented to deal with the unacceptable consensus degree. The proposed consistency improving and consensus reaching processes follow a principle of minimum information loss, called a local adjustment strategy. In particular, the presented methods not only overcome the deficiencies in existing studies but also enhance the interpretation and reduce the complexity of the group decision making process. Finally, the proposed consistency measure and improving process, as well as consensus measure and reaching process are verified through a numerical example for the medical plan selection issue. The result and in-depth comparison analysis validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Robot path planning based on genetic algorithm with hybrid initialization method
Authors: Zhang Zhaojun , Lu Rui , Zhao Minglong , Luan Shengyang , Bu Ming
Published: October 2021

The research of path planning method based on genetic algorithm (GA) for the mobile robot has received much attention in recent years. GA, as one evolutionary computation model, mimics the process of natural evolution and genetics. The quality of the initial population plays an essential role in improving the performance of GA. However, when GA based on a random initialization method is applied to path planning problems, it will lead to the emergence of infeasible solutions and reduce the performance of the algorithm. A novel GA with a hybrid initialization method, termed NGA, is proposed to solve this problem in this paper. In the initial population, NGA first randomly selects three free grids as intermediate nodes. Then, a part of the population uses a random initialization method to obtain the complete path. The other part of the population obtains the complete path using a greedy-related method. Finally, according to the actual situation, the redundant nodes or duplicate paths in the path are deleted to avoid the redundant paths. In addition, the deletion operation and the reverse operation are also introduced to the NGA iteration process to prevent the algorithm from falling into the local optimum. Simulation experiments are carried out with other algorithms to verify the effectiveness of the NGA. Simulation results show that NGA is superior to other algorithms in convergence accuracy, optimization ability, and success rate. Besides, NGA can generate the optimal feasible paths in complex environments.
Robust minimum cost consensus models with aggregation operators under individual opinion uncertainty
Authors: Wei Jinpeng , Qu Shaojian , Jiang Shan , Feng Can , Xu Yuting , Zhao Xiaohui
Published: October 2021

Individual opinion is one of the vital factors influencing the consensus in group decision-making, and is often uncertain. The previous studies mostly used probability distribution, interval distribution or uncertainty distribution function to describe the uncertainty of individual opinions. However, this requires an accurate understanding of the individual opinions distribution, which is often difficult to satisfy in real life. In order to overcome this shortcoming, this paper uses a robust optimization method to construct three uncertain sets to better characterize the uncertainty of individual initial opinions. In addition, we used three different aggregation operators to obtain collective opinions instead of using fixed values. Furthermore, we applied the numerical simulations on flood disaster assessment in south China so as to evaluate the robustness of the solutions obtained by the robust consensus models that we proposed. The results showed that the proposed models are more robust than the previous models. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of uncertain parameters was discussed and compared, and the characteristics of the proposed models were revealed.
A hybrid machine learning approach of fuzzy-rough-k-nearest neighbor, latent semantic analysis, and ranker search for efficient disease diagnosis
Authors: Jha Sunil Kumar , Marina Ninoslav , Wang Jinwei , Ahmad Zulfiqar
Published: October 2021

Machine learning approaches have a valuable contribution in improving competency in automated decision systems. Several machine learning approaches have been developed in the past studies in individual disease diagnosis prediction. The present study aims to develop a hybrid machine learning approach for diagnosis predictions of multiple diseases based on the combination of efficient feature generation, selection, and classification methods. Specifically, the combination of latent semantic analysis, ranker search, and fuzzy-rough-k-nearest neighbor has been proposed and validated in the diagnosis prediction of the primary tumor, post-operative, breast cancer, lymphography, audiology, fertility, immunotherapy, and COVID-19, etc. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with single and other hybrid machine learning approaches in terms of accuracy, analysis time, precision, recall, F-measure, the area under ROC, and the Kappa coefficient. The proposed hybrid approach performs better than single and other hybrid approaches in the diagnosis prediction of each of the selected diseases. Precisely, the suggested approach achieved the maximum recognition accuracy of 99.12%of the primary tumor, 96.45%of breast cancer Wisconsin, 94.44%of cryotherapy, 93.81%of audiology, and significant improvement in the classification accuracy and other evaluation metrics in the recognition of the rest of the selected diseases. Besides, it handles the missing values in the dataset effectively.
Interaction of cisplatin anticancer drug with C20 bowl: DFT investigation
Authors: Ghiasi Reza , Valizadeh Alireza
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the cisplatin (anticancer drug) interaction with C20 bowl and C20H10(Bowl) molecule including hydrogen-saturated with using mPW1PW91 functional. The stability of the various isomers of drug interaction with C20 bowl was investigated. The interaction energy values were estimated in these systems. Changes in the structural parameters and the frontier orbital energy and HOMO-LUMO gap values were evaluated. Charge transfer between fragments were shown with electrophilicity-based charge transfer (ECT). The Octanol–water partition coefficient (log P) and molecular volume (Vm) of these drug precursor molecules were studied. Also, Pt-C bond characterizations were illustrated using QTAIM analysis. The results showed that C20 bowl can be a promising nanocarrier for cisplatin anticancer drug.
The contrasting human gut microbiota in early and late life and implications for host health and disease
Authors: Skillington O. , Mills S. , Gupta A. , Mayer E.A. , Gill C.I.R. , Del Rio D. , O’Riordan K.J. , Cryan J.F. , Ross R.P. , Stanton C.
Published: October 2021

The gut microbiota plays a significant role in health and development from birth and continues to affect several processes throughout life and into old age. During both infancy and old age, the trajectory of the gut microbiota changes with contrasting consequences at both stages for the host. The infant gut is unstable, and colonization is influenced by a variety of perinatal and postnatal factors. Many of these factors can contribute to an altered microbiota profile in infancy which can be associated with negative consequences later in life such as allergies, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The late-life gut microbiota is influenced by physiological changes within the host, illness, diet and lifestyle that impact its composition and functionality. Indeed, reduced microbial diversity, loss of beneficial microorganisms and increased pathobionts are key signatures of the elderly microbiome. Such changes have been associated with degenerative diseases including inflammaging, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and increased risk of infection with Clostridioides difficile. Here, we examine early- and late-life factors that contribute to contrasting gut microbiota disturbances and the consequences associated with these disruptions. Finally, we provide compelling evidence of nutritional and probiotic/prebiotic interventions that may help alleviate the effects of gut microbiota changes into old age.
Transition from survey to sensor-enhanced official statistics: Road freight transport as an example
Authors: Klingwort Jonas , Burger Joep , Buelens Bart , Schnell Rainer
Published: October 2021

Capture-recapture (CRC) is currently considered a promising method to integrate big data in official statistics. We previously applied CRC to estimate road freight transport with survey data (as the first capture) and road sensor data (as the second capture), using license plate and time-stamp to identify re-captured vehicles. A considerable difference was found between the single-source, design-based survey estimate, and the multiple-source, model-based CRC estimate. One possible explanation is underreporting in the survey, which is conceivable given the response burden of diary questionnaires. In this paper, we explore alternative explanations by quantifying their effect on the estimated amount of underreporting. In particular, we study the effects of 1) reporting errors, including a mismatch between the reported day of loading and the measured day of driving, 2) measurement errors, including false positives and OCR failure, 3) considering vehicles reported not owned as nonresponse error instead of frame error, and 4) response mode. We conclude that alternative hypotheses are unlikely to fully explain the difference between the survey estimate and the CRC estimate. Underreporting, therefore, remains a likely explanation, illustrating the power of combining survey and sensor data.
The presence of herpesviruses in malignant but not in benign or recurrent pleomorphic adenomas
Authors: Jauhiainen Maria K. , Xu Man , Pyöriä Lari , Atula Timo , Aro Katri , Markkanen Anttoni , Haglund Caj , Hagström Jaana , Mäkitie Antti A. , Söderlund-Venermo Maria , Sinkkonen Saku T.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:

The etiology of salivary gland tumors is mainly unknown. The anatomical location of the salivary glands, with the mucosal pathway to the oral cavity and its rich microbiome, raises the question of potential viral background.

OBJECTIVE:

This study focuses on the potential presence of herpes-, polyoma- and parvoviruses in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CaxPA).

METHODS:

Thirty different viruses were analyzed by PCR-based assays in 68 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded salivary gland tumors (25 PA, 31 RPA and 12 CaxPA).

RESULTS:

Virus DNA was detected altogether in 19/68 (28%) tumor samples. Human herpesviruses 6B and 7 (HHV-6B and HHV-7) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were frequently and almost exclusively found in CaxPA (5/12, 7/12, and 3/12, respectively). Within the 7 CaxPA that were virus-positive, 3 samples contained 3, and 1 sample even 4, different viruses. Infrequent viral positivity was shown for parvovirus B19 and cutavirus, as well as Merkel cell and Malawi polyomaviruses.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our unexpected finding of herpesvirus DNA almost exclusively in CaxPA tissues deserves further in-depth studies.
Understanding the link between audience engagement metrics and the perceived quality of online news using machine learning
Authors: Sotirakou Catherine , Trilling Damian , Germanakos Panagiotis , Sinis Dimitrios Alexandros , Mourlas Constantinos
Published: October 2021

This article aims to explain the perceived quality of online news articles. Discovering which elements of a news story influence readers’ perceptions could drive online popularity, which is the paramount factor of digital news readership. This work explores an approach to use tree-based machine learning algorithms to address this problem based on selected characteristics, which measure engagement, drawn from prior research mostly developed by communication scientists. A proposed extended model is used to examine the association between the engagement features and perceived quality concerning all the articles depending mainly on their genre. To demonstrate the capacity of using predictive analytics to facilitate journalistic news writing the proposed methodology is applied on a novel data set with 200K articles in total constructed from a blog site. The results of phase A, indicate interesting correlations between the features and the perceived quality of the articles. In stage B, the paper seeks to extract a set of rules that can be used as guidelines for authors in the writing of their next articles, indicating the probability of popularity that their articles may gain if these rules are taken into consideration.
Explaining Courage in Ethical Decision-making by Nursing Managers: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors:   Department of Oprating Room, Nursing School of Brojen, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrehkord, Iran., Roshanzadeh Mostafa , Vanaki Zohreh ,   Department of Nursing, School of Medicin, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Sadooghiasl Afsaneh ,   Department of Nursing, School of Medicin, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Tajabadi Ali ,   Department of Emergency of Medicine, School of Paramedical, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Mohammadi Somayeh ,   Department of Nursing, Nursing School of Brojen, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrehkord, Iran.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Ethical decision-making by nursing managers is influenced by various essential factors, such as courage, without which it is impossible to act on them. Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing managers about courage in ethical decision-making. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted in Iran by a qualitative content analysis approach in 2018. Nineteen nurse managers were selected purposefully from hospitals in Tehran and Shahrekord cities. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews, and after transcription, they were analyzed according to the Graneheim and Lundman method. Results: Based on data analysis, we extracted 2 categories (obligation, decisiveness) and 8 subcategories (clearness in expressing decisions, the ability of the manager to make decisions in critical and complex situations, authority/decision-making as a religious responsibility, follow the decision process, being responsible, making compensatory decisions, making preventive decisions). Conclusion: The findings showed that managers who are committed to ethical decision-making have enough assertiveness to make the decisions. Educating, empowering, and sensitizing managers and enhancing their insight into ethical issues through problem-solving and role-playing techniques can play an essential role in promoting their commitment and responsibility.
A importância da governança corporativa e controles internos nas organizações
Authors: Correia Priscila de Oliveira , Lopes Paulo Fernando Pereira , Victorino Junior Delmir
Published: October 2021

Frente ao contexto econômico e político atual é de extrema importância que se conheça as modificações que estão incidindo na estrutura e na organização das instituições, pois é através dos seus mecanismos de atuação que se fundamenta toda a sua existência dentro de um mercado. Diante destes fatos enfatiza-se que, a governança corporativa é de extrema importância para o equilíbrio destas dificuldades, bem como nas tomadas de decisões dos gestores e das contas, como método ou mecanismo para impulsionar e controlar possíveis prejuízos financeiros oriundos de conflitos de interesses entre administradores e administrados. Desse modo, o tema do presente estudo é importância da governança corporativa nas organizações. Como problema de pesquisa tem-se a seguinte questão: as empresas tendem a buscar novas técnicas administrativas de modo a gerir de forma mais eficaz seus procedimentos. Dessa forma, qual a importância da governança corporativa e controles internos nas organizações? O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender a importância das boas práticas de Governança nas organizações tratando, em especial, da importância dos controles internos tanto contábeis quanto financeiros, visa ainda, retratar a relação de poder nas organizações e sua relação com a governança. Pode-se concluir que a cada dia, observam-se instituições buscando melhorias em seu desempenho e funcionamento econômico, sendo com isto cada vez mais eficiente e eficaz. Assim, a governança pode ser entendida como um sistema pelo qual as empresas são dirigidas e monitoradas, envolvendo os relacionamentos entre os escalões competentes e demais partes interessadas portanto, esta demanda de uma intensa definição de responsabilidade e compreensão dos relacionamentos entre as partes interessadas da organização, bem como aos responsáveis por administrar seus recursos e produzir seus resultados.
Influência de selante de superfície na cor de resinas compostas nanohíbrida, nanoparticulada e bulk fill
Authors: Morais Keyla Mízia de Barros , Moraes Bhárbara Karinne dos Santos , Frangoso Larissa Silveira de Mendonça
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A estabilidade de cor das resinas compostas ainda é limitada e as restaurações estão sujeitas à ação de várias substâncias com capacidade de pigmentação. A aplicação de selante de superfície vem sendo utilizada como forma de aumentar a estabilidade de cor e a longevidade das restaurações. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de um selante de superfície na estabilidade de cor de resinas compostas nanohíbrida, nanoparticulada e bulk fill. Material e método: As resinas compostas utilizadas foram divididas em seis grupos: G1 – resina composta Empress Direct sem aplicação do selante de superfície; G2 – resina composta Empress Direct com aplicação do selante de superfície; G3 – resina composta Filtek™ Z350 XT sem aplicação do selante de superfície; G4 – resina composta Filtek™ Z350 XT com aplicação do selante de superfície; G5 – resina composta Filtek™ Bulk Fill sem aplicação do selante de superfície e G6 – resina composta Filtek™ Bulk Fill com aplicação do selante de superfície.  Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) 1 fator, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e t de Student. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos G1 E G2 e os grupos G3 e G4 (p<0,05) e ausência de diferença significativa entre os grupos G5 e G6 (P>0,05). Conclusão: Baseado nos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que a aplicação do selante de superfície foi capaz de reduzir o manchamento das resinas compostas Empress Direct e Filtek™ Z350 XT. Porém, para resina composta Filtek™ Bulk Fill a aplicação do selante de superfície não foi capaz de reduzir o manchamento.
Depressão na terceira idade: a contribuição do enfermeiro para a recuperação dos idosos depressivos na atenção básica
Authors: Silva Jardeane Santos , Queiroz Patrícia dos Santos Silva , Medeiros Felype Hanns Alves de , Junior Francisco Alves Lima , Tourinho Erika Ferreira
Published: October 2021

Os idosos depressivos necessitam de cuidados que vão além das expressões físicas e biológicas. Diante do exposto, o presente artigo tem como questão norteadora: Como o enfermeiro pode ajudar na recuperação dos idosos depressivos? O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em analisar na literatura a contribuição do enfermeiro para a recuperação dos idosos depressivos na Atenção Básica. O presente trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica desenvolvida através do método da Pesquisa Narrativa. Para coletar os dados foi realizada uma investigação nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados Bibliográficos Especializada na Área de Enfermagem e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos publicados no período de 2015 a 2021 na língua portuguesa. Foram excluídos durante a busca: produções duplicadas e textos que não estavam disponíveis na íntegra. Quanto aos resultados, evidenciou-se que conhecer os fatores de riscos associados a depressão e a realização de estratégias preventivas no âmbito da atenção primária favorece aos enfermeiros estratégias para assegurar o envelhecimento ativo e a promoção da saúde mental da população idosa, auxiliando no processo de recuperação. Conclui-se que as estratégias utilizadas pelo enfermeiro são de suma importância na recuperação do paciente, pois a sua função diante da depressão dos idosos se baseia na orientação acerca da importância do uso de medicamentos, esclarecimentos de dúvidas deste público e atender suas demandas com carinho e atenção.
Abuso sexual infantil: o posicionamento de docentes quanto à problemática frente aos seus alunos
Authors: Gonçalves Natamy de Almeida , Dias Camila Santos
Published: October 2021

O abuso sexual é um fenômeno social que necessita de uma atenção refinada por se tratar de um assunto complexo que gera sofrimento a muitas crianças, adolescentes e famílias. Considerando que a escola é um contexto importante para a criança e o adolescente, e que está envolvida no processo de formação de identidade e aspectos que perpassam pelo desenvolvimento biopsicossocial do aluno, tal instituição tem o importante papel de colaborar para a proteção deste. A partir de tais considerações, esta pesquisa apresenta a seguinte questão norteadora: os professores têm o conhecimento necessário sobre o abuso sexual e suas responsabilidades quanto ao tema no contexto escolar de modo a estarem preparados para identificar, prevenir ou conduzir famílias às medidas necessárias? Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer e discutir sobre o posicionamento de professores com relação à prevenção, suspeita e identificação do abuso sexual infantil, no contexto escolar. Então, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Mérito Científico da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, via Plataforma Brasil e da emissão do Parecer Consubstanciado do CEP de nº1.511.605, foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa, aplicada e empírica, com técnica de levantamento e, para a análise dos dados coletados foram utilizadas a técnicas de análise de conteúdo e de análise temática, aplicando a Entrevista como um instrumento de coleta de dados, analisando de forma crítica a realidade apresentada e contribuindo cientificamente para o desenvolvimento de novas visões sobre a presente problemática. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os professores têm pouca apropriação do que é o abuso sexual infantil e sobre suas responsabilidades quanto a tal violência. Além disso, sentem-se despreparados para o enfrentamento do problema, não possuem formação adequada para tal e não têm respaldo de formação continuada que lhes proporcionem preparo para isto. Concluiu-se, então, que é necessário que haja a capacitação dos professores, e que o psicólogo escolar/educacional pode fazer intervenções significativas com toda a equipe escolar, como também trabalhar com a comunidade, dando orientações a pais e familiares para que eles possam corroborar para o combate a tão repudiável crime.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEMS OF COMPRESSOR-PUMPING AND REFRIGERATION UNITS SUPPLYING LIQUID CO2 AND NH3 TO THE UNIT FOR CARBAMIDE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Lavrenchenko G.K. , Hrudka B.H.
Published: October 2021

Carbon dioxide is used in large volumes to produce urea, a highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer. It is compressed in a multistage compressor to a pressure of 15 MPa and fed to the urea synthesis unit. The specific energy consumption for the compression of carbon dioxide by a compressor reaches 0.16 kWh/kg. It may be more profitable to use in the system of compressor-pumping and refrigeration units. They can be used to liquefy carbon dioxide and compress it to pressure 15 MPa before feeding it to the synthesis of urea. In the simplest scheme, an ammonia compression refrigeration machine (ACRM) is included in the system to improve efficiency. The specific energy consumption in such a system for the liquefaction and compression of CO2 is 0.118 kWh/kg. In case of replacement of the ACRM with an absorption refrigeration machine, unit costs can be reduced to 0.09 kWh/kg. These two systems can be used to increase urea production or to ensure stable operation of the units during the summer period of their operation. The analysis showed that further improvement of the technological scheme of the entire system will completely abandon the use of the compressor method of compression of CO2 to pressure 15 MPa before its supply to the urea synthesis unit. To do this, you need to include an additional absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine in the system. In this scheme, the compressor-pumping unit will provide the simultaneous supply of liquid carbon dioxide and ammonia for the synthesis of urea with a pressure of 15 MPa. To increase the daily production of urea from 1400 to 2000 tons, it is necessary to increase the feed liquid CO2 in the amount of 62 t/hour and liquid NH3 — 47.5 t/hour. Bibl. 14, Fig. 3.
Social Politics and Criminal Politics of Covid-19 Response: Case in Indonesia
Authors: Faozi Safik , Sudiyatno Bambang , Handoko Widiyanto Tri
Published: October 2021

The handling of COVID-19 is a social policy to protect the public from the spread of COVID-19 which has endangered the safety of life and the survival of the community, nation, and state. This social policy can be carried out through rational and total efforts to tackle the spread of COVID-19. Enforcement of the rule of law by imposing sanctions for violators is an implementation of criminal political efforts. The integration of the response is carried out by rationally integrating penal and penal approaches that are based on social protection, such as the use of media to build public awareness, involvement of networks of strategic figures, science-based control management, use of information technology to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and the provision of direct assistance. integrated cash, as well as the application of criminal sanctions that function as a subsidiary.
Evaluation of Green Alternatives for Blockchain Proof-of-Work (PoW) Approach
Authors: Miraz Mahdi H. , Excell Peter S. , Sobayel Khan
Published: October 2021

Following the footprints of Bitcoins, many other cryptocurrencies were developed mostly adopting the same or similar Proof-of-Work (PoW) approach. Since completing the PoW puzzle requires extremely high computing power, consuming a vast amount of electricity, PoW has been strongly criticised for its antithetic stand against the notion of green computing. Use of application-specific hardware, particularly application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) has further fuelled the debate, as these devices are of no use once they become “legacy” and hence obsolete to compete in the mining race, thus contributing to electronics waste. Therefore, this paper surveys the currently available alternative approaches to PoW and evaluates their applicability - especially their appropriateness in terms of greenness.