bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Trends in Domestic and International AI chips
Authors:   Korean Institute of Smart Media, Kim Hyun Ji , Yoon Se Young , Seo Hwa Jeong
Published: April 2024

Recently, large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT have been developed, and as AI is used across various industrial fields, attention is focused on AI chips (semiconductors). AI chips refer to chips designed for calculations for AI algorithms, and many companies at domestic and abroad, such as NVIDIA, Tesla, and ETRI, are developing AI chips. In this paper, we survey research trends on nine types of AI chips. Currently, many attempts have been made to improve the computational performance of most AI chips, and semiconductors for specific purposes are also being designed. In order to compare various AI semiconductors, each chip is analyzed in terms of operation unit, speed, power, and energy efficiency. We introduce currently existing optimization methodologies for AI computation. Based on this, future research directions for AI semiconductors are presented in this paper.
Korean Facial Expression Emotion Recognition based on Image Meta Information
Authors:   Korean Institute of Smart Media, Moon Hyeong Ju , Lim Myung Jin , Kim Eun Hee , Shin Ju Hyun
Published: April 2024

Due to the recent pandemic and the development of ICT technology, the use of non-face-to-face and unmanned systems is expanding, and it is very important to understand emotions in communication in non-face-to-face situations. As emotion recognition methods for various facial expressions are required to understand emotions, artificial intelligence-based research is being conducted to improve facial expression emotion recognition in image data. However, existing research on facial expression emotion recognition requires high computing power and a lot of learning time because it utilizes a large amount of data to improve accuracy. To improve these limitations, this paper proposes a method of recognizing facial expressions using age and gender, which are image meta information, as a method of recognizing facial expressions with even a small amount of data. For facial expression emotion recognition, a face was detected using the Yolo Face model from the original image data, and age and gender were classified through the VGG model based on image meta information, and then seven emotions were recognized using the EfficientNet model. The accuracy of the proposed data classification learning model was higher as a result of comparing the meta-information-based data classification model with the model trained with all data.
The Use of Guanfacine to Mediate Anxiety-related Reactivity and Reduce Associated Agonistic Behavior in Two Pigtail Macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Authors: Hopper Lydia M , Allen Jaclyn V , Huynh Vivian , Painter Melissa C , Izzi Jessica , Hutchinson Eric K
Published: April 2024

Guanfacine, an α2 adrenoceptor agonist, has been used to successfully treat self-injurious behavior in nonhuman primates, including macaques (Macaca mulatta) and baboons (Papio anubis). It does so by facilitating a correction to the dopaminergic system that mediates a reduction in impulsivity and reactivity. Given this, we assessed the potential efficacy of guanfacine to treat socially directed agonistic behavior in primates with an apparent reactive behavioral phenotype. We present data from 2 pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina): an intact adult male housed in a breeding group, and an experimentally naive adult female living in a research setting with her social partner. Baseline behavioral assessments suggested that both macaques showed extreme responses to external stressors that triggered them to aggress social partners often leading to wounding that required veterinary intervention. Both animals were tracked during the course of 1 y. Once treated regularly with guanfacine, both animals showed significant reduction in their agonistic behavior and the rate at which they wounded other animals. Indeed, in the year since the female has been treated with guanfacine she has never wounded her cagemate. By collecting regular and detailed behavioral observations on the male in the breeding colony, we were able to identify triggers for his aggression and to track the behavioral changes evidenced after guanfacine treatment. These data supported our hypothesis that his aggression reflected extreme reactivity to external stressors, rather than general anxiety. Importantly, we saw only a limited and short-lived reduction in the male’s affiliative behavioral rates, and thus guanfacine had no sedative effect, but did successfully reduce his reactivity and resultant agonism and wounding.
The danger of infrared laser radiation to the organ of vision
Authors: Paltsev Yurij P. , Pokhodzey Larisa V. , Zheltov Georgij I.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The article tells about the widespread use of infrared lasers in the fields of human activity. The constantly increasing power of laser installations leads to an increased risk to the health of large groups of workers. Current hygiene standards do not provide adequate eye protection from the harmful effects of this factor.
The study aims are a scientific justification for improving the maximum permissible level (MPL) of infrared laser radiation.
Materials and methods. To generalize and systematize the results of experimental studies and mathematical modeling to determine the threshold values of the harmful effects of infrared laser radiation on eyeball tissue, the authors used analytical methods.
Results. Far infrared laser radiation can pose a danger not only to the cornea, but also to the retina. One of the important indicators affecting the depth of penetration of laser radiation into the structures of the eye and the severity of lesions is the absorption coefficient of the medium. Based on mathematical modeling of the thermochemical destruction of eye tissues, the researchers determined the threshold values of the harmful effects of far-infrared laser radiation, confirmed by the results of experimental studies. The scientists justified the need to introduce a higher coefficient of hygienic reserve in determining the maximum permissible level and recommended new proposals for the hygienic regulation of far-infrared laser radiation.
Conclusion. The introduction of new maximum permissible levels will provide more reliable eye protection from far infrared laser radiation.
Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics committee.
Smoking and determination of workworthiness in industrial enterprises of the highlands
Authors: Strizhakov Leonid A. , Brimkulov Nurlan N. , Babanov Sergey A.
Published: April 2024

The formation of an evidence base for regulatory documents in the field of preliminary and periodic medical examinations is one of the urgent tasks of occupational health in the coming years. In the process of transition to a risk-based approach in occupational health, including in determining suitability for work, objective verification of risk is necessary, and the decision on suitability should be made on its basis. Suitability for work in the unique conditions of the highlands remains one of the least studied topics, since there are only isolated observational studies, the results of which are also not taken into account in the traditional approach of determining suitability. The article provides a brief overview of the association of smoking with various outcomes when working in the highlands. Smoking significantly worsens the prognosis of all outcomes studied in these studies, including even the likelihood of quitting work. The article concludes that it is necessary to plan studies of various outcomes, which can be used as a basis for supplementing and changing the regulatory framework for conducting medical examinations of employees. Particular attention is paid to the need to take into account, among other risk factors, a comprehensive risk assessment when determining suitability for work in mining in the highlands.
Ethics. The study did not require permission.
Reasoning about people reduces class differences in tests of cognitive aptitude
Authors: Fendinger Nicholas , Dittmann Andrea G. , Knowles Eric
Published: April 2024

Class differences in aptitude testing are often attributed to working-class deficiencies in cognitive skills. The present research challenges this deficit narrative in the context of logical reasoning. We argue that, rather than being culture-neutral, reasoning tests often privilege middle-class norms and provide a poor match to cultural competencies promoted in working-class contexts. We evaluate this hypothesis in two pre-registered experiments on logical deduction (N = 990) and data from an international study of mathematical reasoning (N = 158,216). In Studies 1 and 2, reframing an abstract task to recruit social-cognitive skills (social inference and theory of mind) reduced differences in performance between working- and middle-class adults. In Study 3, questions higher in social-relational content (mentions of people) yielded smaller class gaps among eighth-grade students from 46 countries—an effect most pronounced in highly unequal countries. Our results support a cultural-psychological account of reasoning performance, highlight working-class strengths in social reasoning, and support inclusive approaches to testing.
Direct ink writing with dental composites: A paradigm shift toward sustainable chair-side production
Authors: Tseng Po-Chun , Shieh Dar-Bin , Keßler Andreas , Kaisarly Dalia , Rösch Peter , Kunzelmann Karl-Heinz
Published: April 2024

(Accepted manuscript)Objectives: To evaluate the dimensional accuracy of occlusal veneers printed using a novel direct ink writing (DIW) system and a clinically approved dental composite.Methods: A novel three-dimensional printer was developed based on the extrusion-based DIW principle. The printer, constructed primarily with open-source hardware, was calibrated to print with a flowable resin composite (Beautifil Flow Plus). The feasibility of this technology was assessed through an evaluation of the dimensional accuracy of 20 printed occlusal veneers using a laboratory confocal scanner. The precision was determined by pairwise superimposition of the 20 prints, resulting in a set of 190 deviation maps used to evaluate between-sample variations.Results: Without material waste or residuals, the DIW system can print a solid occlusal veneer of a maxillary molar within a 20-minute timeframe. Across all the sampled surface points, the overall unsigned dimensional deviation was 30.1 ± 20.2 µm (mean ± standard deviation), with a median of 24.4 µm (interquartile range of 22.5 µm) and a root mean square value of 36.3 µm. The pairwise superimposition procedure revealed a mean between-sample dimensional deviation of 26.7 ± 4.5 µm (mean ± standard deviation; n = 190 pairs), indicating adequate precision. Visualization of the deviation together with the nonextrusion movements highlights the correlation between high-deviation regions and material stringing.Significance: This study underscores the potential of using the proposed DIW system to create indirect restorations utilizing clinically approved flowable resin composites. Future optimization holds promise for enhancing the printing accuracy and increasing the printing speed.
The Replication Database: Documenting the Replicability of Psychological Science
Authors: Röseler Lukas , Kaiser Leonard , Doetsch Christopher Albert , Klett Noah , Seida Christian , Schütz Astrid , Aczel Balazs , Adelina Nadia , Agostini Valeria , Alarie Samuel , Albayarak-Aydemir Nihan , Aldoh Alaa , Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Azevedo Flavio , Baker Bradley James , Barth Charlotte Lilian , Beitner Julia , Brick Cameron , Brohmer Hilmar , Chandrashekar Subramanya Prasad , Chung Kai Li , Cockcroft Jamie Philip , Cummins Jamie , Diveica Veronica , Dumbalska Tsvetomira , efendic emir , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Evans Thomas Rhys , Feldman Gilad , Fillon Adrien Alejandro , Förster Nico , Frese Joris , Genschow Oliver , Giannouli Vaitsa , Gjoneska Biljana , Gnambs Timo , Gourdon-Kanhukamwe Amélie , Graham Christopher James , Hartmann Helena , Haviva Clove , Herderich Alina , Hilbert Leon Paul , Holgado Darias , Hussey Ian , Ilchovska Zlatomira , Kalandadze Tamara , Karhulahti Veli-Matti , Kasseckert Leon , Klingelhöfer-Jens Maren , Koppold Alina , Korbmacher Max , Kulke Louisa , Kuper Niclas , LaPlume Annalise Aleta , Leech Gavin , Lohkamp Feline , Lou Nigel Mantou , Lynott Dermot , Maier Maximilian , Montefinese Maria , Meier Maria , Moreau David , Mrkva Kellen , Nemcova Monika , Oomen Danna , Packheiser Julian , Pandey Shubham , Papenmeier Frank , Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Pavlov Yuri G. , Pavlović Zoran , Pennington Charlotte Rebecca , Pittelkow Merle-Marie , Plomp Willemijn , Plonski Paul E. , Pronizius Ekaterina , Pua Andrew A. , Pypno-Blajda Katarzyna , Rausch Manuel , Rebholz Tobias R. , Richert Elena , Röer Jan Philipp , Ross Robert M , Schmidt Kathleen , Skvortsova Aleksandrina , Sperl Matthias F.J. , Tan Alvin Wei Ming , Thürmer J. Lukas , Tołopiło Aleksandra , vanpaemel wolf , Vaughn Leigh Ann , Verheyen Steven , Wallrich Lukas , Weber Lucia , Wolska Julia , Zaneva Mirela , Zhang Yikang
Published: April 2024

In psychological science, replicability—repeating a study with a new sampleachieving consistent results (Parsons et al., 2022)—is critical for affirming the validity of scientific findings. Despite its importance, replication efforts are few and far between in psychological science with many attempts failing to corroborate past findings. This scarcity, compounded by the difficulty in accessing replication data, jeopardizes the efficient allocation of research resources and impedes scientific advancement. Addressing this crucial gap, we present the Replication Database (https://metaanalyses.shinyapps.io/replicationdatabase/), a novel platform hosting 1,239 original findings paired with replication findings. The infrastructure of this database allows researchers to submit, access, and engage with replication findings. The database makes replications visible, easily findable via a graphical user interface, and tracks replication rates across various factors, such as publication year or journal. This will facilitate future efforts to evaluate the robustness of psychological research.
Urbanization vs climate drivers: investigating changes in fluvial floods in Poland
Authors: Venegas Cordero Nelson , Mediero Luis , Piniewski Mikolaj
Published: April 2024

Fluvial floods are one of the most severe natural hazards. Changes in flood behaviour result from an interplay of climatic and human factors. Urbanization, with increasing land imperviousness, is the most critical human factor. This study investigates the effect of urbanization vs climate drivers on river floods in Poland, using the paired catchment approach. We used daily river flow data from 1975 to 2020 for four selected urban catchments and their non-urban counterparts as well as extreme precipitation, soil moisture, and snowmelt data generated from the process-based SWAT model. Changes in impervious areas were assessed using two state-of-the-art Copernicus products, revealing a consistent upward trend in imperviousness across all selected urban catchments. We employed a range of statistical methods: the Pettitt test, the Mann Kendall (MK) multitemporal test, the Poisson regression test, multi-temporal correlation analysis and multiple linear regression to assess changes in the magnitude and frequency of floods and flood drivers. The MK test results showed a contrasting behaviour between urban (increases) and non-urban (no change) catchments for three of four analysed catchment pairs. Flood frequency increased significantly in only one urban catchment. Multiple regression analysis revealed complex that non-urban catchments consistently exhibited stronger relationships between floods and climate drivers than the urban ones, although the results of residual analysis were not statistically significant. In summary, the evidence for the impact of urbanization on floods was found to be moderate. The results emphasize the importance of considering both hydrometeorological and human-induced factors when assessing river flood dynamics in Poland.
Late Holocene relative sea-level records from coral microatolls in Singapore
Authors: Tan Fangyi , Horton Benjamin , Lin Ke , Li Tanghua , Quye-Sawyer Jennifer , Lim Joanne , Peng Dongju , Aw Zihan , Wee Shi Jun , Yeo Jing Ying , Haigh Ivan , Wang Xianfeng , Aung Lin Thu , Mitchell Andrew , Sarkawi Gina , Li Xinnan , Tan Nurul Syafiqah , Meltzner Aron
Published: April 2024

Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) data are important to understand the drivers of RSL change, but there is a lack of precise RSL records from the Sunda Shelf. Here, we produced a Late Holocene RSL reconstruction from coral microatolls in Singapore, demonstrating for the first time the utility of Diploastrea heliopora microatolls as sea-level indicators. We produced 12 sea-level index points and three marine limiting data with a precision of < ± 0.2 m (2σ) and < ± 26 yrs uncertainties (95% highest density region). The data show a RSL fall of 0.31 ± 0.18 m between 2.8 kyrs BP and 0.6 kyrs BP, at rates between -0.1 ± 0.3 mm/yr and -0.2 ± 0.7 mm/yr. Surface profiles of the fossil coral microatolls suggest fluctuations in the rate of RSL fall: 1) stable between 2.8 and 2.5 kyrs BP; 2) rising at ~1.8 kyrs BP; and 3) stable from 0.8 to 0.6 kyrs BP. The microatoll record shows general agreement with published, high-quality RSL data within the Sunda Shelf. Comparison to a suite of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models indicate preference for lower viscosities in the mantle. However, more high quality and precise Late Holocene RSL data are needed to further evaluate the drivers of RSL change in the region and better constrain GIA model parameters.
Loss of resources and gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic: A three-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Lelonek-Kuleta Bernadeta , Bartczuk Rafał Piotr
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims: This study is based on the Conservation of Resources theory and investigates theimpact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated resource loss on gambling behaviour among Polishgamblers.Methods: The study surveyed 585 individuals engaged in land-based gambling before the pandemic.Participants completed computer-assisted web interviews, responding to questions regarding land-basedand online gambling frequencies, the Problem Gambling Severity Index, and the Inventory of Loss ofResources in Pandemics.Results: The findings revealed significant shifts in gambling behaviour due to pandemic-relatedrestrictions. Land-based gambling declined during lockdowns and the third wave of the study, whileonline gambling surged as gamblers transitioned from land-based venues. Gamblers tended to return toland-based options as restrictions eased. Over consecutive waves, participants reported decreasingresource loss levels. Significantly, resource loss was influenced by gambling frequency rather than viceversa.Discussion: Both types of gambling experienced parallel declines at the beginning of the pandemic, whichsubsided as the new situation became normalised. Players engaging more in gambling experienced moresignificant resource losses during the pandemic. Those with more resources at the pandemic's onsetadapted more readily, whereas individuals with limited resources faced resource loss.Conclusions: Even with stable gambling levels, heavy gamblers at baseline were at higher risk for issues.The dynamics between resource loss and gambling and problem gambling supported the resource lossspiral concept.
Unexpected sounds induce a rapid inhibition of eye-movement responses
Authors: Vasilev Martin R. , Ozkan Zeynep Gunes , Kirkby Julie A , Nuthmann Antje , Parmentier Fabrice B. R.
Published: April 2024

Unexpected sounds have been shown to trigger a global and transient inhibition of motor responses. Recent evidence suggests that eye movements may also be inhibited in a similar way, but it is not clear how quickly unexpected sounds can affect eye-movement responses. Additionally, little is known about whether they affect only voluntary saccades or also reflexive saccades. In this study, participants performed a pro-saccade and an anti-saccade task while the timing of sounds relative to stimulus onset was manipulated. Pro-saccades are generally reflexive and stimulus-driven, whereas anti-saccades require the generation of a voluntary saccade in the opposite direction of a peripheral stimulus. Unexpected novel sounds inhibited the execution of both pro- and anti-saccades compared to standard sounds, but the inhibition was stronger for anti-saccades. Novel sounds affected response latencies as early as 150 ms before the peripheral cue to make a saccade, all the way to 25 ms after the cue to make a saccade. Interestingly, unexpected sounds also reduced anti-saccade task errors, indicating that they aided inhibitory control. Overall, these results suggest that unexpected sounds yield a global and rapid inhibition of eye-movement responses. This inhibition also helps suppress reflexive eye-movement responses in favour of more voluntarily-generated ones.
The Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation
Authors: Sanders Steven Michael , Garcia-Aguilera Claudia , Borgonana Nicholas C. , Sy John , Comoglio Gianna , Schultz Olivia A. M. , Goldman Jacqueline A.
Published: April 2024

The present study sought to develop and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS). Following scale development best practices, a thorough review of the literature and existing measures was conducted. Next, a qualitative inquiry using a grounded theory approach was used to develop a data-driven definition of toxic masculinity and 165 proposed instrument items. These items were reviewed and modified with input from content experts (N = 6). The initial 108 items (i.e., the TMS108) were administered to a preliminary sample (N = 683) of White undergraduate men. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure (i.e., Masculine Superiority, Gender Rigidity, Emotional Restriction, Repressed Suffering, Domination and Desire). Item analysis yielded a 35-item five factor survey (TMS35) that was administered to a second novel sample (N = 408) of White undergraduate men. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated inadequate fit for the 35-item scale; however, fit was improved by reducing scale length to 28 items loading onto 4 factors (TMS28; removal of the Domination and Desire factor). Internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity were explored with this sample. The TMS28 demonstrated strong positive correlations with related measures (e.g., CMNI, MRNI) and strong negative correlation with a diametrically opposed measure (i.e., LFAIS). Additionally, the TMS28 demonstrated strong adequate internal consistency for the scale overall (α = .93) and for the five subscales (i.e., α = .87-.94). Future directions and implications for the instrument are discussed.
Provincial and connector qualities of somatosensory brain network hubs in bipolar disorder
Authors: Klahn Anna Luisa , Thompson William Hedley , Momoh Imiele , Abe Christoph , Liberg Benny , Landén Mikael
Published: April 2024

Brain network hubs are highly connected brain regions serving as important relay stations for information integration. Recent studies have linked menta disorders to impaired hub function. Provincial hubs mainly integrate information within their own brain network while connector hubs share information between different brain networks. This study used a novel time-varying analysis to investigate whether hubs aberrantly follow the trajectory of other brain networks than their own. The aim was to characterise brain hub functioning in clinically remitted bipolar patients. We analysed resting-state fMRI data from 96 euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and 61 healthy control individuals. We characterized different hub qualities within the somatomotor network. We found that the somatomotor network comprised mainly provincial hubs in healthy controls. Conversely, in bipolar disorder patients, hubs in the primary somatosensory cortex displayed weaker provincial and stronger connector hub function. Furthermore, hubs in bipolar disorder showed weaker allegiances with their own brain network and followed the trajectories of the limbic, the salience, the dorsal attention, and the frontoparietal network. We suggest that these hub aberrancies contribute to previously shown functional connectivity alterations in bipolar disorder and may thus constitute the neural substrate to persistently impaired sensory integration despite clinical remission.
Studying the Influence of Single Social Interactions on Approach and Avoidance Behavior – A Multimodal Investigation in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Gado Sabrina , Gamer Matthias
Published: April 2024

When studying spontaneous or learned emotional responses to social stimuli, research has traditionally relied on simplified stimuli repeatedly presented on a computer screen in standardized laboratory environments. While these studies provided important insights into social perception and cognition, their restricted ecological validity may impede the extrapolation of findings to everyday social contexts. Here we developed a novel immersive virtual reality scenario that permits the examination of social approach- and avoidance behavior under naturalistic circumstances while at the same time maintaining full experimental control. Using a combination of a social conditioning procedure with a social approach-avoidance test, we conducted two experiments (both with N = 48 female participants) to investigate how individuals differing in trait social anxiety adapt their behavior after a single encounter with an either friendly or unfriendly virtual agent. In addition to overt approach and avoidance behavior, we acquired subjective ratings, eye-tracking data and autonomic responses. Overall, we observed significant effects of the social conditioning procedure on autonomic responses and participants’ exploration behavior. After initial hypervigilance, participants exhibited avoidance of social threats as indicated by a higher interpersonal distance and decreased visual attention towards the negatively conditioned virtual agent in the test phase. We found no association between hypervigilance and trait social anxiety, but observed higher fear ratings and enhanced avoidance of social threats in participants with elevated anxiety levels. Altogether, this study demonstrates the potential of immersive virtual environments for examining social learning processes under conditions resembling real-life social encounters.
Scaling crowdsourcing interventions to combat partisan misinformation
Authors: Pretus Clara , Gil-Buitrago Helena , Cisma Irene , Hendricks Rosamunde Cecilie , Villarreal Daniela Lizarazo
Published: April 2024

Partisan misinformation hijacks people’s right to make decisions based on accurate information, posing a threat to democracy and liberal values. Current interventions to counter misinformation are less effective when it comes to politically polarizing content, especially among extreme partisans who share the most misinformation. A new line of research suggests that crowdsourcing interventions, or using laypeople’s judgments to help people spot misinformation, provide an additional layer of content moderation that can help overcome these limitations. We present a model that explains when crowdsourcing interventions will be successful based on three factors: trust in fact-checking sources, dissonance with previous beliefs, and crowd size. These three factors are often at odds in politically polarized social media environments, leading to less effective fact-checking. Based on this model, we discuss how crowdsourcing interventions could be scaled in a way that is ethical and leverages artificial intelligence to connect people with neighboring communities outside their ideological echo chambers. Finally, we propose venues for future research in the field of crowdsourcing interventions that lie at the intersection between individual-level and system-level solutions to partisan misinformation.
What We Owe the Present: The Perceived Morality of Longtermism and Helping Distant Future People
Authors: Law Kyle Fiore , Syropoulos Stylianos , Young Liane , O'Connor Brendan Bo
Published: April 2024

The increasingly influential longtermism philosophy advocates prioritizing resource allocations to relatively larger future populations to maximize utilitarian gains. Yet, emerging research seeking to promote long-term intergenerational concern has overlooked a key impediment which likely constrains intergenerational attitudes: human moral psychology. We investigate moral judgments and social consequences of altruistic tradeoffs in generational closeness for gains in welfare, finding the ethical principles of longtermism are misaligned with folk moral intuitions. Four US Prolific samples (N=2,306) reveal that altruists who prioritize future welfare over generational closeness are perceived as less moral and face social repercussions in both attitudes and behavior. Nonetheless, strong intergenerational concern can mitigate these negative judgments. As society grapples with near-term and long-term challenges, these insights help reconcile prevailing debates in psychological, philosophical, and public discourse, emphasizing key features decision-makers and policymakers should consider when weighing the immediate and future needs of society.
Mirror Self-Recognition in ni-Vanuatu Toddlers
Authors: Petrović ǈubica
Published: April 2024

The Mirror Self-Recognition (MSR) test is the most commonly used assessment for capturing the onset of objective self-awareness in infancy, i.e., the ability to think about oneself. Among Western urban samples, 18 months marks the onset of this ability, and the majority of infants pass the MSR test by 24 months. Studies conducted with non-Western rural samples, however, show that passing rates are significantly lower in this age group. The developmental trajectory of self-recognition outside of the urban Western context is currently unknown.The current study was conducted in Tanna, Vanuatu, a small-scale island society located in the South Pacific. Fifty-five children aged 17 – 36 months were recruited. Children’s spontaneous reactions to the mirror were observed during a familiarization phase. Then, children received a modified, culturally sensitive version of the MSR test. Finally, a leg-recognition task that generates equivalent performance among Western toddlers was administered.In this thesis, my goal was to identify the developmental trajectory of self-recognition among Tannese children. In order to go beyond the pass-fail distinction, I present the behavioral and emotional responses shown in front of the mirror, explore age-related changes and discuss similarities and differences between behaviors observed in our sample and ones previously described in Western literature. In addition, I explore the validity of the MSR test in this sociocultural environment by examining the associations between children’s performance on the MSR test, the leg-recognition test, and their self-aware responses in front of the mirror, such as grooming and embarrassment.Results reveal that ni-Vanuatu toddlers pass the MSR test at 24 months at the earliest and that the success rates increase with age. The repertoire of children’s reactions to the mirror resembles those found among Western samples. The most common responses include various contingency testing behaviors, observed at all ages. Finally, children’s performance on the MSR test, the leg- recognition test, and their display of grooming and embarrassment are associated, which supports the hypothesis that the MSR test, when implemented using a culturally sensitive procedure, is a valid measure of objective self-awareness in this the context of Tanna, Vanuatu.
Diseño del servicio de Gestión de Datos de Investigación en la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas: propuesta desde el Sistema de Bibliotecas
Authors:   Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Chisaba-Pereira Cristian-Alejandro
Published: April 2024

Research data management has involved early and immediate actions in higher education institutions in Colombia and around the world. In August 2022, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia published the National Open Science Policy, in which its goals and strategies express the implementation of research data management services and data repository. This research defines the research data management service at the Francisco José de Caldas District University, a public university with a population of about 28,000 students and more than 200 research groups. Through the TOPE reference methodology (Tecnology, Organization, People, Environment) an urgent need to define policies, training and accompanying strategies for the management of research data was identified, as well as support for research bodies and libraries within the institution; the diagnosis of research data published by researchers of the institution allowed to identify 599 datasets published in the last 12 years in different repositories as Mendeley Data, Zenodo, SiB Colombia - GBIF Colombia for, finally, define, using the Business Process Management Notation methodology, the approach of the institution-wide research data management service. This research poses a scenario of response to national policy and establishes new routes aimed at developing a level of maturity at the institutional level regarding the management of research data in an open science context.
NEW HORIZONS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BASED ON MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Hudz O. Ye.
Published: April 2024

The article specifies the attributes of digital transformation, defines the role of modern technologies for post-war reproduction, outlines the specifics, characteristic features, key tasks and trends of managing domestic enterprises based on modern technologies of digital transformation, reveals new horizons of opportunities and problems of managing enterprises based on modern technologies of digital transformation, which will allow enterprises to optimize their business processes and harmonize business combinations, effectively manage data and ensure the effectiveness of communications and interactions between employees, which in the strategic future will be able to radically increase their competitiveness and justified measures for the introduction of modern technologies in enterprise management. In particular, it was emphasized that when implementing modern technologies of digital transformation, it is important to take into account the resource and time needs and capabilities of the enterprise, to ensure the stability, reliability, and safety of their use, to increase the digital competence of the staff and to analyze the benefits and losses from the implementation of modern technologies of digital transformation and to determine their optimal spectrum taking into account resource and time constraints. In general, for the period of recovery and post-war economic development, the introduction of modern technologies of digital transformations in the management of enterprises is an important component of the success of modern business, since their development will help enterprises to store, process and share important data in a safe and effective way, helps enterprises to understand their activities on at a deeper level, which helps to make informed decisions and predict future trends, allows enterprises to collect and analyze data from various sources, providing increased efficiency and optimization of business processes, helps enterprises to perform routine tasks automatically, reducing costs and increasing productivity, serves as tools for improvement training, process visualization and increased user engagement. Thanks to the use of modern technologies of digital transformations, enterprises can improve the efficiency of management, coordination of interactions, efficiency and competitiveness of the enterprise.
DIGITALIZATION OF TRADE IN UKRAINE: TECHNOLOGIES, FORMS, PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Guseva O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the current problems of digitization of trade in Ukraine. It is determined that an important feature of the present is the rapid increase in digital gaps, which pose a risk of lagging behind developing countries. It is noted that the issues of improving the theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of trade digitalisation are very relevant, especially for countries that currently need to accelerate digital development. The typology of the most common trade enterprises in terms of on-line and off-line formats is summarized. An overview of the main technologies and features of digitalization of the trade sphere was conducted. The analytical review of modern technologies and features of digitalisation allowed the authors to summarise the factors that ensure the progressive development of enterprises and justify the goals of trade digitalisation. A triadic conceptual scheme was built to determine the scale of digitalization of trade enterprises. It should be based on 3 parameters. the level of digitization of business processes (or state management processes) depending on the complexity of tasks; the level of implementation of digital technologies of industries 3.0 and 4.0; the level of coverage of all spheres of the economy with digitalization tools. Effective forms of digitization of trade in relation to established goals are proposed. The assessment showed that the highest scale of digitization in the country is currently in the sphere of trade and the IT sphere. At the end of 2023, there is a recovery of volumes almost to the level of the beginning of 2022, which is definitely a positive trend. The key problem of digitization of trade in Ukraine is that most enterprises lack a structured strategy for digitization (digital transformation) of business. The conclusions will allow enterprises to pay attention to and focus their activities on measures that will improve the integrated management of enterprises through the introduction of integrated software products.
MODERN PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Yevtushenko N. O.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the substantive characteristics of the concept of “quality”, the quality management model in accordance with the cycle of continuous improvement and the justification on this basis of a set of principles for enterprise quality management. It established that quality understood as a process of continuous improvement, a way of doing business in Ukraine, when it is necessary to be better in relation to others, and not just to have products of better quality. Modern practice of trade relations includes the customer checking and assessing the supplier’s existing quality management system, which considered by the customer as an additional guarantee of the stability of the quality of supplies. In this sense, the quality system must comply with the international standards ISO 9000. The quality pyramid presented in accordance with quality standards and consumer properties: quality, enterprise quality, work quality, product quality. Key aspects of quality presented in accordance with international experience. It established that the main role and responsibility in the quality management system belongs to the top management of the enterprise, for which it is important to involve each employee in work on quality issues and carry out activities to improve the qualifications of personnel. To solve the problem of ensuring the quality of products (services), it is necessary to purposefully manage the process of formation and quality, taking into account a set of interrelated technical, organizational, economic, and social factors. It proven that effective quality management based on Edward Deming's cycle of continuous improvement, when the emphasis is not on increasing profits, but on constantly improving the quality of products and services. The set of quality principles formed by foreign scientists studied. Modern principles of quality management, which are basic and comprehensive customer-oriented rules, selected and described.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IN TIMES OF WAR
Authors:   National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, Kyiv, Lazorenko L. V.
Published: April 2024

The article reveals the essence of social responsibility of business as a whole and defines its features in the conditions of war. Social responsibility of enterprises in any conditions is an important component of their activities. Socially responsible organizations contribute to the development of society, demonstrate respect for their staff, care about the environment and evaluate the impact of the results of their activities on the development of the country as a whole. A high level of manifestation of social responsibility of enterprises, organizations and institutions of any sphere contributes to the improvement of their financial results, since such organizations form their significant image both in Ukraine and in the world, which contributes to further successful business, increasing competitiveness and efficiency through the formation and retention of a significant customer base and respect from partners, and even competitors; implementation of effective management and proper control. All this is really relevant, but for peacetime. During the war, there is no room place for doubts and excuses from conducting a socially oriented business, since only business structures will be able to keep the country's economy at the required level and contribute to its further development Social responsibility is no longer an option, not the prerogative of big businesses, and not a way to improve reputation. This is an integral part of the company, which is the guarantor of the future of Ukraine. The directions of social responsibility of individual business companies in the conditions of martial law, including Myronivska Hliboproduct and Kredobank JSC. The enterprises that are most socially responsible in the conditions of war and provide various assistance to society, the state, individual citizens and the Armed Forces of Ukraine are identified. The directions of social responsibility of business in modern conditions are analyzed, the main of which are assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine; employee support; support of the population; responsibility to the budget and volunteering. During the war, and especially in the post-war period, one of the main areas of social responsibility of business should be the investment activities of those companies that are able to provide it.
DIAGNOSTICS OF EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL IN IT COMPANIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Holoborodko A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the diagnosis of labor potential on the example of the IT enterprise "Sigma Software" in the conditions of digitalization. "Sigma Software" LLC is one of the leading IT consulting companies in Ukraine, which is based on the creation of full-cycle IT products and promoting the development of the Ukrainian IT ecosystem. The investigated enterprise functions effectively in the market of IT companies, thanks to the optimal balanced financial policy of the enterprise and systematic, flexible management. The company develops an integrative policy by expanding the network in different countries of the world, increasing the number of employees and current projects of the company. The study is aimed at determining the key aspects of the labor potential, its effectiveness and interaction with the factors of digital transformation in the context of the modern IT sector. A comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of labor potential is used, focusing on the competencies, skills and motivation of employees. The study takes into account the peculiarities of the development of the IT industry, in particular the impact of rapidly changing technologies and requirements for the qualifications of specialists. The authors of the article analyze the impact of digitalization on the labor potential of the enterprise, taking into account the latest technologies, changes in organizational structures and approaches to personnel management. It has been proven that the labor potential in the conditions of digitalization is one of the key resources of the enterprise, which forms innovations and administers the implementation of digitalization in the enterprise's activities, which contributes to the efficiency and productivity of economic activity. The progressive development of "Sigma Software" LLC is achieved thanks to the support and improvement of the quality competencies of the labor potential in various areas of programming and software development through the implementation of comprehensive programs of training, training and internships. The company has an open culture of cooperation and communication, which stimulates the exchange of ideas and promotes collective creativity for making relevant and effective management decisions. The management of the enterprise is focused on the desire to maintain its creative and innovative potential, developing new approaches and technologies.