bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of soil properties in an intensively cultivated experimental field
Authors: Gałka Bernard , Kabała Cezary , Karczewska Anna , Sowiński Józef , Jakubiec Justyna
Published: July 2016

The aim of the study was to determine whether long-term intensive cultivation that used variable ploughing and fertilisation technologies and schemes influences the differentiation of soil properties which may impact the results of growing experiments in a relatively small experimental field (0.1 ha). The field under study is located in Wrocław, in an agricultural experimental station that has been operating for more than 60 years. A transformation of rusty gleyic soils (Brunic Gleyic Arenosols) into anthropogenic black earths (Gleyic Phaeozems (Arenic)) was noticed. The content of organic carbon and nitrogen, pH and the content of exchangeable base cations in the plough layer were positively (statistically and spatially) correlated and their increased values were observed in soils with a deeper and darker plough level. The present differentiation of the physical and chemical properties of soils in the experimental field do not result from such primary soil-forming factors as a kind and texture of parent material, topography, moisture regime, or (micro-)climatic conditions, which are not differentiated within the field, but from various intensity of former cultivation on individual sections of the experimental field. The variability cśfficient of the crucial soil properties was found to exceed 30%, which might significantly influence the results of micro-plot vegetation experiments.
Foggy Diaspora: Romanian Women in Eastern Serbia
Authors: Sorescu-Marinković Annemarie
Published: July 2016

Drawing on ethnographic and anthropological research on the Romanian communities in Eastern Serbia, this article seeks to contribute to the global scholarship on diaspora and migration. It reveals interesting differences between the well defined and intensely studied notion of “diaspora” on the one hand, and the understudied, but useful concept of “near diaspora” on the other. First, the presence of Romanians in Eastern Serbia is looked at from a gender perspective, in the wider context of feminization of international migration. Second, the paper argues that the Romanian women in Eastern Serbia adopt the strategy of living in the “social fog”, thus becoming what can be termed “foggy diaspora”.
Digital Natives or Not? How do Romanian Adolescents Cross the Boundaries of Internet Common Use
Authors: Balea Bianca
Published: July 2016

The present paper challenges the dominance of the digital natives’ agenda and turns its attention to the social context in which Internet usage among adolescents occurs. Findings indicate that even when young people are using the Internet with the same frequency, i.e. every day, the differences among them remain significant. Therefore, it can be argued that considering an entire cohort to be similar in terms of Internet use only due its age is a misconception. The way children make use of the Internet and the gratifications they gain after using it depend, as van Dijk (2005) showed, on the quality of access, on the level of skills, and on the personal (e.g. Experience, self-efficacy, confidence) and positional resources (e.g. Age, gender, socio-economic status). Questioning the main determinants that lead to the most advanced way to make use of the Internet, the logistic analysis shows that, in order for a Romanian adolescent to turn into an experienced user once he or she embedded the Internet in his or her everyday life, is a matter of skills, experience, and time online, and is less a matter of socioeconomic background. However, we have to keep in mind the previous path analysis’ findings, which emphasize that online experience, time spent online, self-efficacy, and digital skills are all determined, through direct or indirect effects, by demographic variables (i.e. age, gender and socio-economic status), even when age is held constant (Fizesan [Balea], 2012).
Nationalsozialismus als Antikolonialismus
Authors: Goldenbaum Hans
Published: July 2016

Vorspann

Die Beziehungen zwischen dem Nationalsozialismus und der arabischen Welt werden in den letzten Jahren häufig und vielfach kontrovers diskutiert. Wie kompatibel oder gar verwandt waren die Weltanschauungen des NS-Regimes und der arabisch- nationalistischen und islamistischen Strömungen im Nahen Osten? Inwieweit zogen diese Kräfte an einem Strang? Hans Goldenbaum kommt bei seiner Analyse der arabischsprachigen NS-Rundfunkpropaganda und ihrer Rezeption zu einer differenzierten Sicht. Gestützt auf die umfassende Erschließung neuer Quellen kann er indes klar zeigen, dass es den Berliner Stellen ausschließlich um die Instrumentalisierung arabischer Befindlichkeiten für eigene Interessen ging.
Unexpected Behavior on Nonlinear Tunneling of Chirped Ultrashort Soliton Pulse in Non-Kerr Media with Raman Effect
Authors: Rajan M.S. Mani
Published: July 2016

In this manuscript, the ultrashort soliton pulse propagation through nonlinear tunneling in cubic quintic media is investigated. The effect of chirping on propagation characteristics of the soliton pulse is analytically investigated using similarity transformation. In particular, we investigate the propagation dynamics of ultrashort soliton pulse through dispersion barrier for both chirp and chirp-free soliton. By investigating the obtained soliton solution, we found that chirping has strong influence on soliton dynamics such as pulse compression with amplification. These two important dynamics of chirped soliton in cubic quintic media open new possibilities to improve the solitonic communication system. Moreover, we surprisingly observe that a dispersion well is formed for the chirped case whereas a barrier is formed for the chirp-free case, which has certain applications in the construction of logic gate devices to achieve ultrafast switching.
Head Impact Magnitude in American High School Football
Authors: Schmidt Julianne D. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Mihalik Jason P. , Blackburn J. Troy , Siegmund Gunter P. , Marshall Stephen W.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVES:

To describe determinants of head impact magnitudes between various play aspects in high school football.

METHODS:

Thirty-two high school American football players wore Head Impact Telemetry System instrumented helmets to capture head impact magnitude (linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, and Head Impact Technology severity profile [HITsp]). We captured and analyzed video from 13 games (n = 3888 viewable head impacts) to determine the following play aspects: quarter, impact cause, play type, closing distance, double head impact, player’s stance, player’s action, direction of gaze, athletic readiness, level of anticipation, player stationary, ball possession, receiving ball, and snapping ball. We conducted random intercepts general linear mixed models to assess the differences in head impact magnitude between play aspects (α = 0.05).

RESULTS:

The following aspects resulted in greater head impact magnitude: impacts during the second quarter (HITsp: P = .03); contact with another player (linear, rotational, HITsp: P < .001); initial head impact when the head is struck twice (linear, rotational, HITsp: P < .001); longer closing distances, especially when combined with a 3-point stance or when being struck in the head (linear: P = .03); the 2-point stance (linear, rotational, HITsp: P < .001); and offensive linemen not snapping the ball compared with those snapping the ball (rotational: P = .02, HITsp: P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Preventing head impacts caused by contact with another player may reduce head impact magnitude in high school football. Rule or coaching changes that reduce collisions after long closing distances, especially when combined with the 3-point stance or when a player is being struck in the head, should be considered.
The Female Athlete Triad
Authors: Weiss Kelly Amanda K. , Hecht Suzanne ,   COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS, Brenner Joel S. , LaBella Cynthia R. , Brooks Margaret A. , Diamond Alex , Hennrikus William , LaBotz Michele , Logan Kelsey , Loud Keith J. , Moffatt Kody A. , Nemeth Blaise , Pengel Brooke
Published: July 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed December 2021.

The number of girls participating in sports has increased significantly since the introduction of Title XI in 1972. As a result, more girls have been able to experience the social, educational, and health-related benefits of sports participation. However, there are risks associated with sports participation, including the female athlete triad. The triad was originally recognized as the interrelationship of amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and disordered eating, but our understanding has evolved to recognize that each of the components of the triad exists on a spectrum from optimal health to disease. The triad occurs when energy intake does not adequately compensate for exercise-related energy expenditure, leading to adverse effects on reproductive, bone, and cardiovascular health. Athletes can present with a single component or any combination of the components. The triad can have a more significant effect on the health of adolescent athletes than on adults because adolescence is a critical time for bone mass accumulation. This report outlines the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the triad conditions.
Infectious Complications With the Use of Biologic Response Modifiers in Infants and Children
Authors: Davies H. Dele ,   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Lynfield Ruth , Munoz-Rivas Flor M. , Nolt Dawn L. , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Steinbach William J. , Tan Tina Q. , Zaoutis Theoklis E.
Published: July 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed March 2021.

Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) are substances that interact with and modify the host immune system. BRMs that dampen the immune system are used to treat conditions such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease and often in combination with other immunosuppressive agents, such as methotrexate and corticosteroids. Cytokines that are targeted include tumor necrosis factor α; interleukins (ILs) 6, 12, and 23; and the receptors for IL-1α (IL-1A) and IL-1β (IL-1B) as well as other molecules. Although the risk varies with the class of BRM, patients receiving immune-dampening BRMs generally are at increased risk of infection or reactivation with mycobacterial infections (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria), some viral (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B) and fungal (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis) infections, as well as other opportunistic infections. The use of BRMs warrants careful determination of infectious risk on the basis of history (including exposure, residence, and travel and immunization history) and selected baseline screening test results. Routine immunizations should be given at least 2 weeks (inactivated or subunit vaccines) or 4 weeks (live vaccines) before initiation of BRMs whenever feasible, and inactivated influenza vaccine should be given annually. Inactivated and subunit vaccines should be given when needed while taking BRMs, but live vaccines should be avoided unless under special circumstances in consultation with an infectious diseases specialist. If the patient develops a febrile or serious respiratory illness during BRM therapy, consideration should be given to stopping the BRM while actively searching for and treating possible infectious causes.
Virtual Violence
Authors:   COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA, Christakis Dimitri , Hill David , Ameenuddin Nusheen , Chassiakos Yolanda (Linda) Reid , Corss Corinn , Fagbuyi Daniel , Hutchinson Jeffrey , Levine Alanna , McCarthy Claire , Mendelson Robert , Moreno Megan , Swanson Wendy Sue
Published: July 2016

In the United States, exposure to media violence is becoming an inescapable component of children’s lives. With the rise in new technologies, such as tablets and new gaming platforms, children and adolescents increasingly are exposed to what is known as “virtual violence.” This form of violence is not experienced physically; rather, it is experienced in realistic ways via new technology and ever more intense and realistic games. The American Academy of Pediatrics continues to be concerned about children’s exposure to virtual violence and the effect it has on their overall health and well-being. This policy statement aims to summarize the current state of scientific knowledge regarding the effects of virtual violence on children’s attitudes and behaviors and to make specific recommendations for pediatricians, parents, industry, and policy makers.
Families Affected by Parental Substance Use
Authors: Smith Vincent C. , Wilson Celeste R. ,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION, Ryan Sheryl A. , Gonzalez Pamela K. , Patrick Stephen W. , Quigley Joanna , Siqueira Lorena , Walker Leslie R.
Published: July 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed September 2022.

Children whose parents or caregivers use drugs or alcohol are at increased risk of short- and long-term sequelae ranging from medical problems to psychosocial and behavioral challenges. In the course of providing health care services to children, pediatricians are likely to encounter families affected by parental substance use and are in a unique position to intervene. Therefore, pediatricians need to know how to assess a child’s risk in the context of a parent’s substance use. The purposes of this clinical report are to review some of the short-term effects of maternal substance use during pregnancy and long-term implications of fetal exposure; describe typical medical, psychiatric, and behavioral symptoms of children and adolescents in families affected by substance use; and suggest proficiencies for pediatricians involved in the care of children and adolescents of families affected by substance use, including screening families, mandated reporting requirements, and directing families to community, regional, and state resources that can address needs and problems.
Perspectivas teóricas y evidencia empírica sobre la estructura de la inhibición
Authors: Introzzi Isabel Maria , Canet Juric Lorena , Aydmune Yesica , Stelzer Florencia
Published: July 2016

Desde el punto de vista teórico la inhibición ha sido un mecanismo relevante para explicar cómo las personas seleccionan información relevante y descartan información irrelevante. A su vez, parece estar fuertemente implicada en el dominio y adquisición de competencias sociales, emocionales y comportamentales. De manera inversa,  los fallos en esta habilidad se asocian a diferentes síndromes y a la emergencia de comportamientos no deseados, como por ejemplo el abuso de sustancias, los problemas atencionales, el sobrepeso, entre otros.  Aunque, actualmente existe acuerdo sobre la importancia de la inhibición, existen divergencias en cuanto a su definición conceptual y operativa. Principalmente, existe un fuerte debate en torno a si la inhibición es un constructo unitario o debería fragmentarse en un conjunto de procesos. El objetivo de este  trabajo, es por tanto, describir los hallazgos y posturas más relevantes en relación a las problemáticas en el abordaje del constructo inhibitorio. Para ello, en primer lugar se expondrá una propuesta explicativa del control de la interferencia basada en un enfoque no inhibitorio. En segundo lugar, se describirán los modelos más representativos, de uno, dos y tres factores para finalmente, exponer algunos de los aportes y hallazgos propuestos como principal fuente de evidencia a favor del enfoque fragmentado.
Az interpretatív fenomenológiai analízis (IPA) mint kvalitatív pszichológiai eszköz bemutatása
Authors: Rácz József , Kassai Szilvia , Pintér Judit Nóra
Published: July 2016

Szakirodalmi összefoglaló tanulmányunkban az interpretatív fenomenológiai analízist (IPA) mutatjuk be. A módszert elsősorban kvalitatív pszichológiai kutatásokban alkalmazzák. A tanulmányban összefoglaljuk az IPA fenomenológiai és hermeneutikai alapjait. Kiemeljük az IPA idiográfiai alkalmazását, ami egyben a módszer erőssége: részletgazdag bemutatást tesz lehetővé, kis létszámú, homogén vizsgálati személyek esetén. Ismertetjük azokat a különbségeket, amelyek más fenomenológiai módszerektől megkülönböztetik az IPA-t. Bemutatjuk az IPA alkalmazását: a kutatói kérdés, a mintaválasztás, az interjúkészítés és az interjúátiratok fenomenológiai interpretációjának lépései segítségével. Kitérünk a validitás kérdésére és ismertetjük a módszer gyakorlati korlátait (kis minta) és episztemológiai kockázatait (az interpretációnak nincsenek objektíven ellenőrizhető kritériumai). Végül, néhány IPA-kutatást mutatunk be, ezekkel érzékeltetve a módszer kvalitatív pszichológiai használhatóságát: a krónikus betegség tapasztalatát, a pszichoaktív anyaghasználatot, a függőséget és a felépülést. Az IPA középponti témája az énhez, illetve az identitáshoz való viszonyulás változása.
Csoport, társadalom, politika — Pataki Ferenc szociálpszichológiai munkásságában
Authors: Hunyady György
Published: July 2016

A szociálpszichológia hazai intézményesítésben különösen fontos szerepet játszott Pataki Ferenc, aki 1965-ig a közösségi nevelés kiemelkedő szaktekintélye volt, majd az MTA Pszichológiai Intézetében egy szociálpszichológiai csoport kialakítására vállalkozott. Az ideológiai fenntartásokba ütköző szaktudomány legitimizálásának harcát ő vívta meg, amellett érvelve, hogy a szociálpszichológia művelése teszi teljessé a tudományos társadalomképet és kamatozik a gyakorlatban az emberek és csoportok kapcsolataiban. A hazai tradíciókra építve a csoportpszichológiával kezdte kutatómunkáját, amely a szociális identitás korszerű témájában teljesedett ki. Mint a szociálpszichológia akadémikus képviselője esszéisztikus írásaiban elemző figyelemmel foglalkozott a rendszerváltozás társadalmi atmoszférájával, veszélyes konfliktusaival és politikai fordulataival. Munkásságának záró szakaszán a magyar nemzeti tudat és a hazai demokrácia alapkérdéseit tanulmányozta és világította meg.
Identitás és identitáspolitika Pataki Ferenc munkásságában
Authors: Erős Ferenc
Published: July 2016

Pataki Ferenc szociálpszichológus (1928–2015) életművében kiemelkedő szerepe volt az identitás fogalmát elemző munkáinak. A tanulmány Pataki identitáselméletének élettörténeti, szaktudományos, filozófiai és ideológiai gyökereit vizsgálja, és áttekinti annak alakulását korai írásaitól a közelmúltban megjelent műveiig. A szerző Pataki identitással kapcsolatos munkásságának három aspektusát emeli ki: 1. Közösségi aspektus — a csoportok, közösségek, mozgalmak szerepe az identitás fejlődésében; 2. Élettörténeti aspektus — az identitás narratív szerkezetének jelentősége; 3. Identitáspolitikai aspektus — a kollektív emlékezet feletti uralom megszerzéért folytatott versengés.
TÜRKİYE'DE YAŞAM BOYU EĞİTİM POLİTİKALARI
Authors: MOLLAİBRAHİMOĞLU Melek
Published: July 2016

Bilgi ekonomisi; bilgiyi yoğun olarak bilgi-iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanılmasında merkez olarak gören ekonomidir. Bilgi, insan odaklı olduğundan yeni teknolojilerin buluşuna yardımcı olmakta ve bu özelliğinden ötürü diğer üretim girdilerinden daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bilgi faktörü diğer üretim faktörlerinden de farklıdır. Çünkü bilgi, kullanıldıkça azalmaz ve tükenmez. Bu sebeple bilginin sonu ve sınırları yoktur. Geçmişten günümüze bakıldığında yaşanılan bilgi devrimlerinin sonucu olarak toplumların bilgi toplumuna, ekonominin bilgi ekonomisine dönüşümünü görmekteyiz. Bilgi toplumunu gelişmiş toplum olarak tanımlayabiliriz. Çünkü; toplumun gelişmiş olması bilgiye ve teknolojiye hakim olmaları ile orantılıdır. Bilgi toplumunun oluşması ile eğitim süreklilik kazanmıştır. Yaşam boyu öğrenme, bilgi toplumuna uyumu kolaylaştırır. Bu; teknolojinin eğitimde etkin kullanılması ile mümkündür. Türkiye’de Kalkınma Bakanlığı ve Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı; bilgi toplumunun gerekliliklerini dikkate alarak stratejiler geliştirmekte, araştırma yapmaktadır. Yaşam boyu eğitim için; eğitime yapılan yatırımlar arttırılmalı, bilgisayar kullanımı desteklenmelidir. Eğitimde kadın-erkek eşitliği sağlanmalı, toplum eğitim alanında bilinçlendirilmeli ve güçlendirilmelidir. Endüstrilerin ve iş sektörlerinin başarılı olmaları ve gelişmeleri bilginin yoğunluğu ile doğru orantılıdır. Bilgiye ağırlık veren sektörler daha akılcı ve yenilikçi, daha teknolojik olarak icat yapabilme imkanlarını arttırmaya olanak sağlar. Gelişmiş tüm ülkelerde bilgi ekonomisinin önemi ve duyulan ilgi artmaya devam etmektedir. Çünkü bu ülkelerin ilerleyebilmesinde ki en önemli faktör bilgidir. Ülkeler bu bilgi sayesinde diğer ülkelere karşı üstünlük kazanarak rekabetlerini güçlendirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; bilgi toplumuna, bilgi ekonomisine ve yaşam boyu eğitimin önemine dikkat çekerek, bilgi toplumunun oluşturulması için iyi eğitilmiş bireylerin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktır. Bu ancak yaşam boyu eğitimle mümkündür. Teknoloji geliştirebilecek kuruluşların araştırma ve geliştirme faaliyetleri devlet tarafından desteklenmeli ve toplumun teknoloji kullanımı yaygınlaştırılmalıdır.
Comparison of Oxygen Saturation during Impression Taking before and after Presurgical Orthopedic Therapy in Babies with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Burcu Nur Yilmaz R. , Germeç Çlakan Derya , Adnan Noyan
Published: July 2016

Aim

The objective of this study was to (1) evaluate the oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels during intraoral and extraoral impression taking and (2) compare the SpO2 levels during impression taking before and after presurgical orthopedic therapy (POT) of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Patients and Methods

In our study, 31 babies with CLP before (mean age 7.6 ± 3.2 days) and after (mean age 108.3 ± 24.2 days) POT were monitored, and SpO2 levels were measured under operating conditions before any intervention (T1), after oxygenation (T2), during taking intraoral (T3), and extraoral (T4) impressions with oxygen support and immediately before the discharge from the operating room (T5).

Results

In both groups, statistically significant differences in SpO2 measurements at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 stages were found (P < .01). For the pre-POT measurements, increases in SpO2 levels from T1 to T2 and T4 to T5 (P < .05) and decreases from T2 to T3 and T3 to T4 (P < .01) were noted. Similarly, SpO2 levels decreased significantly from the intraoral (T3) to extraoral (T4) post-POT impression periods (P < .01). Comparisons of pre- and post-POT measurements revealed that the SpO2 level of each time period was higher at the post-POT impression taking except for stages T2 and T5 (P < .01).

Conclusion

The SpO2 values were low at the onset of POT in infants with CLP before any intervention. Oxygen saturation levels may decrease particularly during extraoral impression taking in infants with CLP despite the supplemental oxygen. SpO2 measurements were higher during post-POT intraoral and extraoral impression taking when compared with pre-POT measurements.
Size of Velopharyngeal Structures after Primary Palatoplasty
Authors: Rodrigues Da Silva Ana Flavia , De Cassia Rillo Dutka Jeniffer , Maressa Pereira Do Amaral Adna , De Souza Parico Maíra , Inêcs Pegoraro-Krook Maria
Published: July 2016

Objective

To describe and compare measures of velar length, velar thickness, and depth of the nasopharynx between two groups of patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction after primary palatoplasty: one received the modified Langenbeck procedure and the other the Furlow procedure.

Design

Comparative study involving a convenience sample of videofluoroscopic films established prospectively.

Setting

Surgeries and videofluoroscopic assessments were conducted at a craniofacial center.

Participants

Exams from 90 participants were used: 27 (30%) operated with Furlow and 63 (70%) with Langenbeck. Three speech-language pathologists (SLPs) traced the images of the velopharyngeal port to determine the measures of interest.

Results

Intrajudge agreement for the SLPs ranged between 0.85 and 0.53, while interjudge agreement ranged between 0.44 and 0.51. The overall measure of velar length was significantly larger (P = .042) for the Furlow group (mean = 26.5) than the Langenbeck group (mean = 24.2 mm). There was no significant difference in velar thickness or depth of the nasopharynx between the two procedures. Although no significant difference was found between the current findings and Subtelny's norms for length, thickness, and depth, the patients presented with an overall depth:length ratio (0.89) significantly greater than Subtelny’ ratio (P = .025).

Conclusion

The findings of this study confirmed the hypothesis that patients who underwent surgery with the Furlow technique may present with significantly longer velums than patients who underwent surgery with the Langenbeck procedure. Information regarding velopharyngeal morphology was predictive of velopharyngeal dysfunction for speech for 80% of the participants and can be useful in documenting outcome of treatment.
Remote Digital Preoperative Assessments for Cleft Lip and Palate May Improve Clinical and Economic Impact in Global Plastic Surgery
Authors: Hughes Christopher , Campbell Jacob , Mukhopadhyay Swagoto , Mccormack Susan , Silverman Richard , Lalikos Janice , Babigian Alan , Charles Castiglione
Published: July 2016

Objective

Reconstructive surgical care can play a vital role in the resource-poor settings of low- and middle-income countries. Telemedicine platforms can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of surgical care. The purpose of this study is to determine whether remote digital video evaluations are reliable in the context of a short-term plastic surgical intervention.

Setting

The setting for this study was a district hospital located in Latacunga, Ecuador.

Patients

Participants were 27 consecutive patients who presented for operative repair of cleft lip and palate.

Main Outcome Measures

We calculated kappa coefficients for reliability between in-person and remote digital video assessments for the classification of cleft lip and palate between two separate craniofacial surgeons. We hypothesized that the technology would be a reliable method of preoperative assessment for cleft disease.

Results

Of the 27 (81.4%) participants, 22 received operative treatment for their cleft disorder. Mean age was 11.1 ± 8.3 years. Patients presented with a spectrum of disorders, including cleft lip (24 of 27, 88.9%), cleft palate (19 of 27, 70.4%), and alveolar cleft (19 of 27, 70.4%). We found a 95.7% agreement between observers for cleft lip with substantial reliability (κ = .78, P .01). There was an 82.6% agreement between observers for cleft palate, with a moderate interrater reliability (κ = .55, P = .01). We found only a 47.8% agreement between observers for alveolar cleft with a nonsignificant, weak kappa agreement (κ = .06, P .74).

Conclusions

Remote digital assessments are a reliable way to preoperatively diagnose cleft lip and palate in the context of short-term plastic surgical interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Future work will evaluate the potential for real-time, telemedicine assessments to reduce cost and improve clinical effectiveness in global plastic surgery.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Analysis of Oropharyngeal Airway in Preadolescent Nonsyndromic Bilateral and Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Al-Fahdawi Mahmood Abd , El-Kassaby Marwa Abdelwahab , Farid Mary Medhat , El-Fotouh Mona Abou
Published: July 2016

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the volume, area, and dimensions of the oropharyngeal airway (OPA) in a previously repaired nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) versus bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients when compared with noncleft controls using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Design:

This was a retrospective case-control study.

Setting:

The Cleft Care Center and outpatient clinic that are affiliated to our faculty were the settings for the study.

Participants:

A total of 58 CBCT scans were selected of preadolescent individuals: 14 BCLP, 20 UCLP, and 24 age- and gender-matched noncleft controls.

Variables:

Variables were volume, cross-sectional area (CSA), midsagittal area (MSA), and dimensions of OPA.

Statistical analysis:

One-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used to compare variables. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05.

Results:

UCLP showed significantly smaller superior oropharyngeal airway volume than both controls and BCLP ( P ≤ .05). BCLP showed significantly larger CSA at soft palate plane and significantly larger MSA than both UCLP and controls ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

UCLP patients at the studied age and stage of previously repaired clefts have significantly less superior oropharyngeal airway volume than both controls and BCLP patients. This confirms that preadolescents with UCLP are at greater risk for superior oropharyngeal airway obstruction when compared with those BCLP and controls. Furthermore, BCLP patients showed significantly larger CSA at soft palate plane and MSA than both controls and UCLP patients. These variations in OPA characteristics of cleft patients can influence function in terms of respiration and vocalization.
El (proto) nacionalismo de Maquiavelo y Rousseau y sus repercusiones en la política
Authors: Hermosa Andújar Antonio
Published: July 2016

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos examinar el papel desempeñado por las ideas que acerca del nacionalismo es posible rastrear en las doctrinas políticas de Maquiavelo y Rousseau, incluyendo su repercusión sobre el orden establecido con anterioridad a su elaboración. Como tales repercusiones afectan negativamente a las respectivas teorías de la política y la democracia, llevaremos a cabo también un breve análisis acerca de si el mal aportado en ambas concepciones constituye asimismo un destino prescrito para el nacionalismo
De las transiciones al estancamiento Revisitando la democratización en la obra de Guillermo O’Donnell
Authors: Nieto Diego , Milanese Juan Pablo
Published: July 2016

El presente texto realiza una reconstrucción de las influyentes contribuciones del politólogo Guillermo O’Donnell a los estudios sobre los procesos de democratización. Para ello, discute sus principales elaboraciones analíticas y conceptuales situándolas en el contexto político e histórico en el que se desarrollaron, así como frente a otros adelantos teóricos y discusiones ideológicas que les han seguido. En particular, esta revisión se concentra, primero, en el período de las transiciones a la democracia en América Latina, mostrando cómo los constructos teóricos desarrollados por O’Donnell estaban vinculados a las visiones políticas y los compromisos normativos más amplios de su parte. Tales compromisos se ven reflejados, posteriormente, en los intereses investigativos y apuestas conceptuales del autor durante el período post-transicional, específicamente en sus preocupaciones frente a la democracia delegativa y la accountability horizontal, elementos que ocupan la segunda parte de esta revisión.
Anestesia y manejo perioperatorio del paciente quemado
Authors: Aguilera Castro Fernando
Published: July 2016

Introducción: Los pacientes quemados son un reto para el anestesiólogo, el cirujano plástico y el médico general, quien es el primer implicado en su atención. El manejo especializado y cuidadoso de los pacientes mejora su morbilidad y disminuye su mortalidad. Objetivo: El articulo revisa los retos que enfrenta el anestesiólogo en el paciente con quemaduras como la diicultad para el monitoreo, la vía aérea difícil, las grandes pérdidas sanguíneas, el manejo del dolor y el trabajo en equipo. Se hace una actualización de la literatura y se presenta la experiencia de la Unidad de quemados del Hospital Simón Bolívar de Bogotá. Método: Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográica no sistemática de la literatura actual en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Lilacs y Bireme y se consultaron las estadísticas del servicio de quemados del Hospital. Resultados: Se presentan los datos estadísticos de los últimos 20 años del servicio y se desarrolla el contenido de la revisión en varios apartes incluyendo isiopatología, resucitación inicial, monitoreo, manejo intraoperatorio y manejo del dolor. Conclusión: El manejo anestésico y peri-operatorio del paciente quemado es un reto para el anestesiólogo, el cirujano y el médico tratante, requiriendo un conocimiento básico sobre la isiopatología y el manejo inicial del paciente. Igualmente debemos tener las habilidades necesarias en el manejo de la vía aérea complicada y la hemorragia intraoperatoria. El manejo de estos pacientes en unidades especializadas mejora su mortalidad.
Encíclica LAUDATO SI' “ALABADO SEAS”
Authors: Mejía Naranjo Wilson
Published: July 2016

Sobre el cuidado de casa común, carta enciclica de S.S. Francisco
Reducing pulse vibration of valves under transient conditions
Authors: Kulichkova E. A.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the results of work on reducing vibration of valves under transient conditions. The main parameters that influence the vibroacoustic characteristics of tube fitting in opening and closing of valves are distinguished: actuator types, geometry of the flow area, operating conditions. The process of formation of the dynamic force acting on the closure element of the fitting is examined. Time-dependent characteristics of flow resistance coefficients, flow velocity and dynamic force are given. The possibility of choosing the operating conditions providing minimum vibration of the valves is determined. A new design of the ball valve closure member is proposed. The analysis of the flow area is carried out using methods of numerical simulation. The flow pattern, the presence of reverse-flow areas, formation of eddy flows are shown, the pressure drop and flow resistance coefficient are specified. The results of experimental research of vibration are presented. The level of vibration of valves is shown to decrease under transient conditions, which results in ensuring safe operation of valves, reducing sound emission and improving working conditions of the operating staff. The results of research can be used to develop new designs of valves.
Procedure of estimating characteristics of angular velocity meter using the Kalman filter and Allan variance
Authors: Kutovoy D. A. , Maslova O. I. , Perepelkina S. Y. , Tiunov Y. S. , Fedotov A. A.
Published: July 2016

A procedure of assessing the main characteristics of angular velocity inertial meters of middle and low accuracy classes, including measuring channel noise terms is proposed. The procedure is based on the processing of the meter output information by means of the Kalman discrete filter and the Allan variance method. The characteristics to be estimated are: scale coefficient errors and zero signal shifts, as well as series of standard noise terms. Estimates of the method error level for the procedure under consideration are given on the basis of mathematical simulation of the measurement information and its correction with different estimated errors. An example of approbation of the technique is processing the results of tests conducted for two inertial meters based on different operating principles. One of them is the ADIS16405 device developed by Analog Devices (USA) on the basis of three micromechanical gyroscopes of low- accuracy class and the other is the ВГ910-МК470 device designed by Fizoptika, CJSC (Arzamas city) which consists of one fiber-optic gyroscope of the middle -accuracy class.
Using apriori information in interferometric processing of high resolution sar data
Authors: Ushenkin V. A. , Egoshkin N. A.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents an analysis of approaches to using apriori information on relief to improve the quality of spaceborne SAR data interferometric processing. The impact of relief on geometric matching of SAR images is analyzed and an algorithm of fast and high-precision SAR image matching based on polynomial approximation of relief height impact is proposed. The necessity of perpendicular baseline refinement, given the current accuracy of navigation data, is shown. The need of using reference relief to refine the baseline is also shown. The expediency of baseline refinement before and after phase unwrapping is substantiated. The impact of the steepness of relief slope on the coherence estimation is calculated. The existing methods of phase unwrapping are analyzed and an algorithm of their combining is proposed, based on apriori information on each method. A criterion for selecting areas on the interferogram where the true phase varies greatly from pixel to pixel because of the steep relief slope is presented. Phase to - height conversion is also considered. Using publicly available global low resolution DEMs as apriori information on the relief is proposed.
Tunnel Technique With Collagen Matrix Compared With Connective Tissue Graft for Treatment of Periodontal Recession: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cieślik‐Wegemund Marta , Wierucka‐Młynarczyk Beata , Tanasiewicz Marta , Gilowski Łukasz
Published: July 2016

Background: The aim of this study is to compare efficacy of the tunnel technique for root coverage using collagen matrix (CM) versus connective tissue graft (CTG) for treatment of multiple recessions of Miller Classes I and II over a short period of time.

Methods: Twenty‐eight patients were enrolled in the study. Patients in the control group were treated with the tunnel technique using CTGs, whereas patients in the test group were treated with the tunnel technique using xenogeneic CM. Clinical recordings were obtained at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Percentages of average recession coverage (ARC) and complete recession coverage (CRC) were evaluated 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Results: Significant decreases were recorded in both groups of recession parameters compared with baseline measurements. Mean recession depth (0.21 versus 0.39 mm) and recession area (0.31 versus 0.53 mm2) after 6 months were significantly higher in the test group (P <0.05). Mean keratinized tissue width (KTW) increased at a similar rate in both groups (1.0 versus 0.8 mm for control and test groups, respectively). ARC after 6 months was 95% in the control group and 91% in the test group (P <0.05), and CRC was 71.4% (10/14) in the control group and 14.3% (2/14) in the test group (P <0.05).

Conclusion: Xenogeneic CM combined with tunnel technique leads to satisfactory ARC and increase in KTW similar to CTG, but yields lower unsatisfactory CRC.
A formação de professoras alfabetizadoras
Authors: Aguiar Maria Aparecida Lapa de
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo relaciona-se à pesquisa realizada durante Doutorado que teve como objetivo principal identificar e analisar fatores que condicionam, impactam e intervêm nas escolhas teórico-metodológicas nas práticas de professoras alfabetizadoras. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se pesquisa de campo de caráter etnográfico com três professoras, duas de um Município do Norte de Santa Catarina/Brasil e uma do distrito do Porto/Portugal (no processo de Doutorado Sanduíche). Apresentam-se algumas reflexões sobre a constituição do “ser” professora e o processo formativo dos sujeitos da pesquisa a partir da análise de trechos de entrevistas. Conclui-se que os processos de formação do professor (formalizados e não-formalizados) devem ser avaliados em suas múltiplas determinações. Infere-se que a constituição da profissionalidade docente merece um olhar atento das ciências voltadas para a Educação.
Antropofagia cultural brasileira e educação – contribuições ecologistas para uma pedagogia da “devoração”
Authors: Barcelos Valdo , Silva Ivete Souza da
Published: July 2016

Este texto é o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre as contribuições da Antropofagia Cultural Brasileira, na sua vertente pós-Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922, para a formação de professores (as) em geral e em educação ambiental (EA), em particular. Esta pesquisa se desenvolve há cerca de quatro anos e tem financiamento pela CAPES e pelo CNPq. Na formação de professores (as), em EA, saberes e experiências são um repertório que não pode ser desconsiderado. Na formação de professores não podemos nos basear apenas na transmissão de conhecimentos e de técnicas. Procuramos demonstrar no texto que as idéias que orientaram o pensamento antropofágico constituem-se num chamamento no sentido de mostrar que o processo educativo precisa buscar novos interlocutores. Não é mais aceitável que continuemos repetindo normas, regras e importando modelos sem fazer a sua devida devoração. A antropofagia cultural e a EA têm, ambas, na sua origem, esse compromisso: dialogar com o (a) outro(a) sem, no entanto, abrir mão do seu eu.
Inclusão escolar e formação continuada de professores: relações e contrapontos
Authors: Andrade Simone Giardi
Published: July 2016

A partir de resultados da pesquisa de doutorado da autora, de compreensões sobre a inclusão escolar de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais e a formação continuada de professores, o artigo problematiza e aponta algumas relações entre esses dois conjuntos de processos envolvidos na oferta da educação que pretende ter como referência todos os alunos. A perspectiva de análise valoriza o aspecto associado à inovação: na ação criadora dos profissionais em processos formativos; na pluralidade temática que constitui a complexidade dos fenômenos ligados à mudança da prática pedagógica e às políticas públicas para a educação inclusiva. Identifica especificidades a serem consideradas na oferta da formação continuada que objetiva tornar-se um espaço de sistematização das próprias reflexões e de ativação da criação de oportunidades para ampliar o próprio trabalho.
Corpo e indústria cultural: notas para a compreensão da capoeira na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Mwewa Christian Muleka , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: July 2016

A capoeira se combina – seja na forma de jogo, luta, dança ou mesmo esporte‐espetáculo – com um conjunto de outros elementos da cultura corporal, estruturando‐se dialeticamente nos processos sócio‐históricos. A presente investigação, preliminar, realiza uma interface entre os elementos constitutivos desta manifestação e os pressupostos da teoria crítica. O trabalho de pesquisa tem procurado identificar as diferentes pedagogias existentes no jogo de capoeira, por meio de diversas fontes dos/nos diferentes grupos de capoeira. As análises preliminares indicam as tensões dessa manifestação cultural, localizada entre os ardis reificantes da sociedade administrada e seu potencial pedagógico como expressão do inconformismo cultural.
Currículo e alteridade: a experiência hermenêutica da pesquisa na formação docente
Authors: Miranda José Valdinei Albuquerque
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo procura situar a discussão da formação do professor-pesquisador num horizonte compreensivo, onde questões referentes aos métodos e técnicas de pesquisa, à objetividade e validade científica, abrem espaço para as tematizações referentes ao encontro com a alteridade e à experiência hermenêutica do diálogo com o outro, como elementos essenciais da pesquisa e da própria formação docente no campo educacional. Considera que a realização de uma pesquisa é sempre situada em meio a um processo caracterizado pela familiaridade e pelo estranhamento, que tensiona permanentemente o horizonte compreensivo do professor-pesquisador e o horizonte histórico daquilo que se pretende compreender. É nesse entremeio que a pesquisa em educação se realiza, devendo ser o espaço de formação docente e atuação do professor-pesquisador.
Notas sobre filosofia da educação e filosofia da história em Kant
Authors: Kalsing Rejane Schaefer
Published: July 2016

Sobre a pedagogia, mais conhecida obra do filósofo Immanuel Kant sobre o tema educação, é muitas vezes considerada uma obra do suposto período de senilidade do filósofo, por ter sido publicada um ano antes de sua morte, em 1803. Porém, percebem‐se nela certas idéias que ocorrem também em sua filosofia da história, como, por exemplo, Ideia de uma história universal de um ponto de vista cosmopolita e Início conjectural da história humana. Essas idéias são, entre outras, a evolução do ser humano da animalidade à humanidade; o fato de o ser humano não poder utilizar somente o instinto, necessitando extrair de si mesmo determinadas qualidades, através do exercício de sua razão; a ideia de uma determinação da humanidade ou de um fim mais alto da humanidade, que é a determinação moral. O objetivo do presente artigo é tratar das possíveis relações entre essas três obras.
Energia: um conceito presente nos livros didáticos de Física, Biologia e Química do ensino médio
Authors: Araújo Maria Cristina Pansera de , Nonenmacher Sandra
Published: July 2016

As Ciências da Natureza, como área de conhecimento do Ensino Médio, vem sendo questionadas quanto aos conhecimentos produzidos, aos conceitos abordados durante a vivência escolar e as metodologias de ensino. Propostas metodológicas interdisciplinares envolvendo alguns conceitos científicos são foco de debate em grupos de pesquisa de educação nas ciências. Energia é um tema do ensino de Biologia, Física e Química, cujo significado parece diferenciar-se em cada área, o que pode criar obstáculos epistemológicos na aprendizagem dos estudantes. Para identificar as diferenças, realizou-se uma pesquisa nos seis livros didáticos destas disciplinas mais citados pelos professores de 12 escolas, da microrregião de Ijuí-RS. Essa análise revelou conceituações fragmentadas, diversificadas e distanciadas, como se cada área fosse “dona de uma energia” própria. No contexto mundial, o estudo da energia é fundamental, na Educação Básica, para uma formação cidadã crítica, pois o seu manejo pelos seres humanos precisa considerar os princípios de conservação, transformação e transferência na preservação ambiental. Neste sentido, é preciso ampliar a compreensão conceitual dos estudantes, para que participem de maneira mais ativa na construção de soluções demandadas pelos problemas ambientais.
Participação e controle social no Fundef e no Fundeb
Authors: Bassi Marcos Edgar , Camargo Rubens Barbosa de
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho discute aspectos do controle social realizado pelo Conselho de Acompanhamento e Controle Social (CACS) introduzidos no financiamento da educação nacional, a partir da entrada em vigência do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério (Fundef), em 1998. O trabalho estabelece uma comparação com os dispositivos legais apresentados para a composição e o funcionamento do CACS sob a vigência do novo Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb), a partir de 2007. Examina a legislação pertinente aos dois Fundos da Educação tendo como foco específico os dispositivos conexos colocados ao alcance da participação e controle social, argumentando que o detalhamento e a formalidade dessa legislação, mesmo aprimorados, não são suficientes para impedir que essas medidas sejam burladas nas localidades em que a sociedade civil não esteja organizada e atenta. Acrescenta, ao final, questões provocativas no sentido de indicar um alcance mais eficaz desse tipo de controle social.