bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Shaping and Reshaping of the Relationship between Church and State from Late Antiquity to the Present: A Historical Perspective through the Lens of Canon Law
Authors: Eichbauer Melodie H.
Published: April 2022

This essay provides a historical foundation of the Church’s relationship with the State from late antiquity to the present. With such a broad scope, the integral role canon law played in the Church’s history serves as a window through which to view the shaping and reshaping of the Church’s socio-political character vis-à-vis the State. It argues first that between the fourth and fifteenth centuries, canon law intersected at different levels with the secular realm, which, in turn, bolstered the Church’s political authority. Canon law had an outward focus. Second, this essay argues that a reorientation of the relationship between the secular and the sacred, a process that came to fruition with the Reformation, resulted in the progressive stripping of the Church’s socio-political autonomy but also the adaption of the ius commune to suit new purposes. The divesting of its socio-political autonomy, as it is argued lastly, forced the Church to reassess its legal identity and influence. The First Vatican Council followed by the 1917 Corpus iuris Canonici turned reaffirming Catholic ecclesiology. By the Second Vatican Council, however, the Church reemerged on the global stage, having a renewed focus on pastoral care. Its efforts directly targeted social, politic, and economic issues facing society, expanding interfaith dialogue with other religions and missionizing efforts. The 1983 Corpus iuris canonici bears the mark of Vatican II’s renewed emphasis on shepherding its flock through its advocation for justice and equity in contemporary society. It demonstrates that the socio-political influence of the Church’s legal apparatus has not been extinguished despite contemporary canon law no longer possessing the all-encompassing socio-political control it once held. From a historical viewpoint, canon law’s impact on the Western world cannot be ignored: it has shaped legal structures still relevant to this day.
mm-Wave Radar-Based Vital Signs Monitoring and Arrhythmia Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Iyer Srikrishna , Zhao Leo , Mohan Manoj Prabhakar , Jimeno Joe , Siyal Mohammed Yakoob , Alphones Arokiaswami , Karim Muhammad Faeyz
Published: April 2022

A non-contact, non-invasive monitoring system to measure and estimate the heart and breathing rate of humans using a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) mm-wave radar at 77 GHz is presented. A novel diagnostic system is proposed which extracts heartbeat phase signals from the FMCW radar (reconstructed using Fourier series analysis) to test a three-layer artificial neural network model to predict the presence of arrhythmia in individuals. The effect of person orientation, distance of measurement and movement was analyzed with respect to a reference device based on statistical measures that include number of outliers, mean, mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (medAE), skewness, standard deviation (SD) and R-squared values. The individual oriented in front of the radar outperformed almost all other orientations for most distances with an expected d = 90 cm and d = 120 cm. Furthermore, it was found that the heart rate that was measured while walking and the breathing rate which was measured for a motionless individual generated results with the lowest SD and MSE. An artificial neural network (ANN) was trained using the MIT-BIH database with a training accuracy of 93.9 % and an R2 value = 0.876. The diagnostic tool was tested on 15 subjects and achieved a mean test accuracy of 75%.
Acoustic- and Radio-Frequency-Based Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Mohtadifar Masoud , Cheffena Michael , Pourafzal Alireza
Published: April 2022

In this work, a hybrid radio frequency (RF)- and acoustic-based activity recognition system was developed to demonstrate the advantage of combining two non-invasive sensors in Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems and smart assisted living. We used a hybrid approach, employing RF and acoustic signals to recognize falling, walking, sitting on a chair, and standing up from a chair. To our knowledge, this is the first work that attempts to use a mixture of RF and passive acoustic signals for Human Activity Recognition purposes. We conducted experiments in the lab environment using a Vector Network Analyzer measuring the 2.4 GHz frequency band and a microphone array. After recording data, we extracted the Mel-spectrogram feature of the audio data and the Doppler shift feature of the RF measurements. We fed these features to six classification algorithms. Our result shows that using a hybrid acoustic- and radio-based method increases the accuracy of recognition compared to just using only one kind of sensory data and shows the possibility of expanding for a variety of other different activities that can be recognized. We demonstrate that by using a hybrid method, the recognition accuracy increases in all classification algorithms. Among these classifiers, five of them achieve over 98% recognition accuracy.
Circular Economy: Illusion or First Step towards a Sustainable Economy: A Physico-Economic Perspective
Authors: Stephan Gunter
Published: April 2022

“A circular economy is one that is regenerative by design and aims to keep products, components, and materials at their highest utility and value at all times, distinguishing between technical and biological cycles. This new economic model seeks to ultimately decouple global economic development from finite resource consumption”, states the widely used definition of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. This definition conveys two messages. First, it acknowledges that economic activities need natural inputs (energy and material) and generate outputs in the form of waste as well as emissions. Second, it embodies the promise that, through technological innovations, human ingenuity and the market, a full decoupling of the economy from nature can be reached. Obviously both messages are not consistent with each other. Analyzing these issues through the lens of a transdisciplinary approach, which combines insight from thermodynamics with conventional economic theory, is the purpose of this paper. By using such physico-economic perspective, it is argued that not any kind of a circular economy is sustainable. Therefore, indicators are required through which it can be assured that a particular fashion of a circular economy reduces both environmental and social harm.
Monetary Policy and Financial Sustainability in a Two-State Open Economy
Authors: Dai Yuwen
Published: April 2022

Monetary policy and financial sustainability are linked. However, the role of monetary policy and its implementation have come under particular scrutiny after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the 2010 European sovereign debt crisis, where one of the main challenges was financial sustainability. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by improving our understanding of the influence of monetary policy on financial sustainability for a monetary union. To that end, we develop a two-state open economy macroeconomic model, in which the two state economies have the same monetary policy but maintain their fiscal independence. Examples include two countries in the eurozone, two states in the United States, core and periphery countries, etc. The linkages between these two state economies are inter-state trade in goods and inter-state borrowing in bonds. We apply the calibrated model and conduct economic experiments under alternative monetary policy regimes. The model simulation shows that monetary policy is incorrect if inflation differentials persist in a monetary union, and that incorrect monetary policy leads to real interest rates that are too low for high inflation countries, which become indebted after excessive borrowing. This study sheds light on how monetary policy should be implemented if inflation differs in countries within a monetary union. Our findings draw policy implications for those “two-state” economies considering alternative macroeconomic policy regimes to achieve financial sustainability and regional economic integration.
Effectiveness of Public Partnerships in Non-Urban Regeneration Projects in Korea: Seeing through Place-Keeping Theory
Authors: Oh Changsong , Sim Jisoo
Published: April 2022

This study conducted a holistic analysis of selected public-led regeneration projects carried out in different ways in rural and fishing villages in Korea, in line with current trends based on place-keeping theory, which reflects the long-term perspective of the project as a frame. This study identified the mechanisms and characteristics revealed in the planning process of the cases. Through an analysis of the discourse of the governing bodies, it also examined their perceptions and issues regarding the projects, finding that the different objectives of the projects and differences in the members leading the governance had different effects on the planning of the regeneration project. In this process, this study found distorted place-keeping elements: (1) The final design tends to be uniform rather than reflecting regional specificity. (2) As the investment in profit-making facilities was limited to one’s own expense, funding was limited. (3) Asymmetry of partnership occurred due to the local community’s insecurity following the adjustment of the plan. (4) In order to maintain a long-term governance system, a group of regionally friendly and responsible professionals was required.
The Impact of RDP Measures on the Rural Development: The Case of Romania
Authors: Pîrvu Ramona , Dragomir Laurențiu , Budică Bogdan , Bratu Răducu-Ștefan , Dinulescu Sorin , Țenea Lili
Published: April 2022

The goal of this study is to analyze the development of rural areas in Romania on the basis of the absorption of both the European non-reimbursable funds and the national funds for the modernization of the infrastructure of villages and communes. The aim of the article is to carry out thorough empirical research on the process of rural development in Romania as a facet of the EU’s overall rural development. Thus, in order to obtain relevant results in connection with the pursued goal, we will be using hierarchical cluster analysis to observe the effects of the expenses financed through the National Rural Development Program (NRDP) on the development of rural areas. In accordance with the methodological approach of research, our goal is to give a picture of the way in which Romania’s counties (NUTS 3) were clustered at the beginning of the multi-annual planning (2014) as well as at the end of the planning period, in 2020, and to point out a series of practical and concrete aspects generated by the opportunities that the rural areas have had in terms of attracting structural funds. Based on the conducted analysis, we can say that a series of positive aspects can be put in the spotlight as a result of the existence of the European irredeemable funds, which engender positive direct and indirect effects on both the economy and the population’s standard of living.
Optimal Design for a Bivariate Step-Stress Accelerated Life Test with Alpha Power Exponential Distribution Based on Type-I Progressive Censored Samples
Authors: Alotaibi Refah , Mutairi Aned Al , Almetwally Ehab M. , Park Chanseok , Rezk Hoda
Published: April 2022

We consider an optimization design for the alpha power exponential (APE) distribution as asymmetrical probability distributions under progressive type-I censoring for a step-stress accelerated life test. In this study, two stress variables are taken into account. To save the time and cost of lifetime testing, progressive censoring and accelerated life testing are utilized. The test units’ lifespans are supposed to follow an APE distribution. A cumulative exposure model is used to study the impact of varying stress levels. A log-linear relationship between the APE distribution’s scale parameter and stress is postulated. The maximum likelihood estimators, Bayesian estimators of the model parameters based on the symmetric loss function, approximate confidence intervals (CIs) and credible intervals are provided. Under normal operating conditions, an ideal test plan is designed by minimizing the asymptotic variance of the percentile life.
Strategic Investment in Open Hardware for National Security
Authors: Pearce Joshua M.
Published: April 2022

Free and open-source hardware (FOSH) development has been shown to increase innovation and reduce economic costs. This article reviews the opportunity to use FOSH as a sanction to undercut imports and exports from a target criminal country. A formal methodology is presented for selecting strategic national investments in FOSH development to improve both national security and global safety. In this methodology, first the target country that is threatening national security or safety is identified. Next, the top imports from the target country as well as potentially other importing countries (allies) are quantified. Hardware is identified that could undercut imports/exports from the target country. Finally, methods to support the FOSH development are enumerated to support production in a commons-based peer production strategy. To demonstrate how this theoretical method works in practice, it is applied as a case study to a current criminal military aggressor nation, who is also a fossil-fuel exporter. The results show that there are numerous existing FOSH and opportunities to develop new FOSH for energy conservation and renewable energy to reduce fossil-fuel-energy demand. Widespread deployment would reduce the concomitant pollution, human health impacts, and environmental desecration as well as cut financing of military operations.
Breath-Hold Diving-Related Decompression Sickness with Brain Involvement: From Neuroimaging to Pathophysiology
Authors: Sánchez-Villalobos José Manuel , Fortuna-Alcaraz María Lorenza , Serrano-Velasco Laura , Pujante-Escudero Ángel , Garnés-Sánchez Carmen María , Pérez-Garcilazo Jorge Edverto , Olea-González Agustín , Pérez-Vicente José Antonio
Published: April 2022

Central nervous system involvement related to decompression sickness (DCS) is a very rare complication of breath-hold diving. So far, it has been postulated that repeated dives with short surface intervals represent a key factor in the development of breath-holding-related DCS. We report the case of a breath-hold diver who, after repeated immersion, developed DCS with brain involvement. After treatment in a hyperbaric chamber, there was a clinical improvement in the symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed hyperintense lesions in long-time repetition sequences (FLAIR, T2WI) in the left frontal and right temporal lobes. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map were characteristic of vasogenic edema, allowing us to exclude the ischemic nature of the process. These findings, together with the acute clinical presentation, the resolution of lesions in evolutionary radiological controls and the possible involvement of blood–brain barrier/endothelial dysfunction in DCS, could suggest a new form of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)-like presentation of DCS. This would represent a novel mechanism to explain the pathophysiology of this entity. We conducted a literature review, analyzing the pathophysiological and neuroimaging characteristics of DCS in breath-hold diving based on a case of this rare disease.
Environmental Co-Exposure to Potassium Perchlorate and Cd Caused Toxicity and Thyroid Endocrine Disruption in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae (Danio rerio)
Authors: Di Paola Davide , Natale Sabrina , Iaria Carmelo , Crupi Rosalia , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Spanò Nunziacarla , Gugliandolo Enrico , Peritore Alessio Filippo
Published: April 2022

The increasing pollution of aquatic habitats with anthropogenic compounds has led to various test strategies to detect hazardous chemicals. However, information on the effects of pollutants on the thyroid system in fish, which is essential for growth, development, and parts of reproduction, is still scarce. Modified early life-stage tests were carried out with zebrafish exposed to the known thyroid inhibitor potassium perchlorate (0.1, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 5 mM) to identify adverse effects on embryo development. The endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism is one of the key functions of the thyroid gland; in this regard, we examined the co-exposure to potassium perchlorate (KClO4), which could disrupt thyroid function, with cadmium (Cd), a known pro-oxidant compound. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to control KClO4 1 mM and Cd 0.5 μM for 96 h after fertilization (hpf) individually and in combination. The morphological alteration, body length, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression related to thyroid function and oxidative stress, thyroid hormone levels, and malondialdehyde were measured. Significant down-regulation of mRNAs related to thyroid function (thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (THRα), thyroid hormone receptor-beta (THRβ), haematopoietically expressed homeobox (hhex)) and decreased thyroxin (T4) levels were observed after co-exposure to KClO4 and Cd, but this was not observed in the individually treated groups. These results suggest that co-exposure to KClO4 and Cd could affect antioxidant defense mechanisms and potentially normally increase Cd toxicity on mRNA expression, altering the thyroid functions important in zebrafish embryonic developmental stages.
Chemical Mixtures in Household Environments: In Silico Predictions and In Vitro Testing of Potential Joint Action on PPARγ in Human Liver Cells
Authors: Carberry Celeste , Turla Toby , Koval Lauren , Hartwell Hadley , Fry Rebecca , Rager Julia
Published: April 2022

There are thousands of chemicals that humans can be exposed to in their everyday environments, the majority of which are currently understudied and lack substantial testing for potential exposure and toxicity. This study aimed to implement in silico methods to characterize the chemicals that co-occur across chemical and product uses in our everyday household environments that also target a common molecular mediator, thus representing understudied mixtures that may exacerbate toxicity in humans. To detail, the Chemical and Products Database (CPDat) was queried to identify which chemicals co-occur across common exposure sources. Chemicals were preselected to include those that target an important mediator of cell health and toxicity, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), in liver cells that were identified through query of the ToxCast/Tox21 database. These co-occurring chemicals were thus hypothesized to exert potential joint effects on PPARγ. To test this hypothesis, five commonly co-occurring chemicals (namely, benzyl cinnamate, butyl paraben, decanoic acid, eugenol, and sodium dodecyl sulfate) were tested individually and in combination for changes in the expression of PPARγ and its downstream target, insulin receptor (INSR), in human liver HepG2 cells. Results showed that these likely co-occurring chemicals in household environments increased both PPARγ and INSR expression more significantly when the exposures occurred as mixtures vs. as individual chemicals. Future studies will evaluate such chemical combinations across more doses, allowing for further quantification of the types of joint action while leveraging this method of chemical combination prioritization. This study demonstrates the utility of in silico-based methods to identify chemicals that co-occur in the environment for mixtures toxicity testing and highlights relationships between understudied chemicals and changes in PPARγ-associated signaling.
Ecological Impact of End-of-Life-Tire (ELT)-Derived Rubbers: Acute and Chronic Effects at Organism and Population Levels
Authors: Magni Stefano , Tediosi Erica , Maggioni Daniela , Sbarberi Riccardo , Noé Francesca , Rossetti Fabio , Fornai Daniele , Persici Valentina , Neri Maria Chiara
Published: April 2022

Considering the large amount of tires that reach the end of life every year, the aim of this study was the evaluation of both acute and chronic effects of end-of-life-tire (ELT)-derived rubber granules (ELT-dg) and powder (ELT-dp) on a freshwater trophic chain represented by the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the teleost Danio rerio (zebrafish). Adverse effects were evaluated at the organism and population levels through the classical ecotoxicological tests. Acute tests on D. magna and D. rerio revealed a 50% effect concentration (EC50) > 100.0 mg/L for both ELT-dg and ELT-dp. Chronic exposures had a lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of 100.0 mg/L for both ELT-dg and ELT-dp on P. subcapitata grow rate and yield. LOEC decreased in the other model organisms, with a value of 9.8 mg/L for D. magna, referring to the number of living offspring, exposed to ELT-dg suspension. Similarly, in D. rerio, the main results highlighted a LOEC of 10.0 mg/L regarding the survival and juvenile weight parameters for ELT-dg and a LOEC of 10.0 mg/L concerning the survival and abnormal behavior in specimens exposed to ELT-dp. Tested materials exhibited a threshold of toxicity of 9.8 mg/L, probably a non-environmental concentration, although further investigations are needed to clarify the potential ecological impact of these emerging contaminants.
Multipomeron Model with Collective Effects for High-Energy Hadron Collisions
Authors: Kovalenko Vladimir , Feofilov Grigorii , Puchkov Andrei , Valiev Farkhat
Published: April 2022

We propose the generalized multipomeron exchange model for multiparticle production in high-energy proton–proton, proton–nucleus and heavy-ion collisions. For all of these systems, we consider collectivity effects based on the quark–gluon string fusion concept, where new types of particle-emitting sources—strings with higher tension—are produced. We obtained the model parameters using the data on the multiplicity dependence of the mean transverse momentum of charged particles in pp and pp¯ collisions over a wide energy range (from ISR to LHC). We calculated the yields of strange, multi-strange and charm particles as a function of multiplicity for pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC energy and compared the results with the experimental data.
Generalized Darmois–Israel Junction Conditions
Authors: Chu Chong-Sun , Tan Hai-Siong
Published: April 2022

We present a general method to derive the appropriate Darmois–Israel junction conditions for gravitational theories with higher-order derivative terms by integrating the bulk equations of motion across the singular hypersurface. In higher-derivative theories, the field equations can contain terms which are more singular than the Dirac delta distribution. To handle them appropriately, we formulate a regularization procedure based on representing the delta function as the limit of a sequence of classical functions. This procedure involves imposing suitable constraints on the extrinsic curvature such that the field equations are compatible with the singular source being a delta distribution. As explicit examples of our approach, we demonstrate in detail how to obtain the generalized junction conditions for quadratic gravity, F(R) theories, a 4D low-energy effective action in string theory, and action terms that are Euler densities. Our results are novel, and refine the accuracy of previously claimed results in F(R) theories and quadratic gravity. In particular, when the coupling constants of quadratic gravity are those for the Gauss–Bonnet case, our junction conditions reduce to the known ones for the latter obtained independently by boundary variation of a surface term in the action. Finally, we briefly discuss a couple of applications to thin-shell wormholes and stellar models.
COVID Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis in Adolescent Siblings: Does It Run in the Family?
Authors: Moosmann Julia , Gentles Thomas , Occleshaw Christopher , Mitchelson Bryan
Published: April 2022

The development of myocarditis after receiving messenger RNA vaccination against COVID-19 is well documented, particularly in adolescent and young adult males. We report a case of vaccine-associated myocarditis in adolescent brothers following their second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech, Mainz, Germany). This report illustrates the need to better understand the mechanisms leading to myocarditis after mRNA vaccination.
Adjuvant Curdlan Contributes to Immunization against Cryptococcus gattii Infection in a Mouse Strain-Specific Manner
Authors: Oliveira-Brito Patrícia Kellen Martins , de Campos Gabriela Yamazaki , Guimarães Júlia Garcia , Serafim da Costa Letícia , Silva de Moura Edanielle , Lazo-Chica Javier Emílio , Roque-Barreira Maria Cristina , da Silva Thiago Aparecido
Published: April 2022

The low efficacy and side effects associated with antifungal agents have highlighted the importance of developing immunotherapeutic approaches to treat Cryptococcus gattii infection. We developed an immunization strategy that uses selective Dectin-1 agonist as an adjuvant. BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice received curdlan or β-glucan peptide (BGP) before immunization with heat-killed C. gattii, and the mice were infected with viable C. gattii on day 14 post immunization and euthanized 14 days after infection. Adjuvant curdlan restored pulmonary tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) levels, as induced by immunization with heat-killed C. gattii. The average area and relative frequency of C. gattii titan cells in the lungs of curdlan-treated BALB/c mice were reduced. However, this did not reduce the pulmonary fungal burden or decrease the i0,nflammatory infiltrate in the pulmonary parenchyma of BALB/c mice. Conversely, adjuvant curdlan induced high levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased the C. gattii burden in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice, which was not replicated in β-glucan peptide-treated mice. The adjuvant curdlan favors the control of C. gattii infection depending on the immune response profile of the mouse strain. This study will have implications for developing new immunotherapeutic approaches to treat C. gattii infection.
Balancing Benefits and Harms of COVID-19 Vaccines: Lessons from the Ongoing Mass Vaccination Campaign in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Rea Federico , Franchi Matteo , Cereda Danilo , Barone Antonio , Borriello Catia Rosanna , Della Valle Giulia Petra , Ercolanoni Michele , Jara Jose , Preziosi Giuseppe , Maffeo Manuel , Mazziotta Francesco , Pierini Elisabetta , Lecis Francesco , Sanchirico Pierfrancesco , Vignali Francesco , Leoni Olivia , Fortino Ida , Galli Massimo , Pavesi Giovanni , Bertolaso Guido
Published: April 2022

Background. Limited evidence exists on the balance between the benefits and harms of the COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this study is to compare the benefits and safety of mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) and adenovirus-vectored (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccines in subpopulations defined by age and sex. Methods. All citizens who are newly vaccinated from 27 December 2020 to 3 May 2021 are matched to unvaccinated controls according to age, sex, and vaccination date. Study outcomes include the events that are expected to be avoided by vaccination (i.e., hospitalization and death from COVID-19) and those that might be increased after vaccine inoculation (i.e., venous thromboembolism). The incidence rate ratios (IRR) of vaccinated and unvaccinated citizens are separately estimated within strata of sex, age category and vaccine type. When suitable, number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) are calculated to evaluate the balance between the benefits and harm of vaccines within each sex and age category. Results. In total, 2,351,883 citizens are included because they received at least one dose of vaccine (755,557 Oxford-AstraZeneca and 1,596,326 Pfizer/Moderna). A reduced incidence of COVID-19-related outcomes is observed with a lowered incidence rate ranging from 55% to 89% and NNT values ranging from 296 to 3977. Evidence of an augmented incidence of harm-related outcomes is observed only for women aged <50 years within 28 days after Oxford-AstraZeneca (being the corresponding adjusted IRR of 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.6, and NNH value of 23,207, 95% CI 10,274–89,707). Conclusions. A favourable balance between benefits and harms is observed in the current study, even among younger women who received Oxford-AstraZeneca.
Immunoinformatics and Biophysics Approaches to Design a Novel Multi-Epitopes Vaccine Design against Staphylococcus auricularis
Authors: Attar Roba , Alatawi Eid A. , Aba Alkhayl Faris F. , Alharbi Khloud Nawaf , Allemailem Khaled S. , Almatroudi Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Due to the misuse of antibiotics in our daily lives, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major health problem. Penicillin, the first antibiotic, was used in the 1930s and led to the emergence of AMR. Due to alterations in the microbe’s genome and the evolution of new resistance mechanisms, antibiotics are losing efficacy against microbes. There are high rates of mortality and morbidity due to antibiotic resistance, so addressing this major health issue requires new approaches. Staphylococcus auricularis is a Gram-positive cocci and is capable of causing opportunistic infections and sepsis. S. auricularis is resistant to several antibiotics and does not currently have a licensed vaccine. In this study, we used bacterial pan-genome analysis (BPGA) to study S. auricularis pan-genome and applied a reverse immunology approach to prioritize vaccine targets against S. auricularis. A total of 15,444 core proteins were identified by BPGA analysis, which were then used to identify good vaccine candidates considering potential vaccine filters. Two vaccine candidates were evaluated for epitope prediction including the superoxide dismutase and gamma-glutamyl transferase protein. The epitope prediction phase involved the prediction of a variety of B-Cell and T-cell epitopes, and the epitopes that met certain criteria, such as antigenicity, immunogenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity were chosen. A multi-epitopes vaccine construct was then constructed from all the predicted epitopes, and a cholera toxin B-subunit adjuvant was also added to increase vaccine antigenicity. Three-dimensional models of the vaccine were used for downward analyses. Using the best-modeled structure, binding potency was tested with MHC-I, MHC-II and TLR-4 immune cells receptors, proving that the vaccine binds strongly with the receptors. Further, molecular dynamics simulations interpreted strong intermolecular binding between the vaccine and receptors and confirmed the vaccine epitopes exposed to the host immune system. The results support that the vaccine candidate may be capable of eliciting a protective immune response against S. auricularis and may be a promising candidate for experimental in vitro and in vivo studies.
Factors Predicting Rubella Vaccination and Antibody in Pregnant Women in Japan: A Report from Pregnant Women Health Initiative
Authors: Iwata Akiko , Kurasawa Kentaro , Kubota Kazumi , Odagami Mizuha , Aoki Shigeru , Okuda Mika , Miyagi Etsuko
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to identify the factors predicting rubella vaccination status based on self-reported data and the presence of sufficient rubella antibody titers in pregnant women in Japan. We used the results of the nationwide questionnaire survey conducted at obstetric facilities in the Pregnant Women Health Initiative Project (PWHI), with 23 participating hospitals recruiting pregnant women from June 2018–November 2019. We extracted age, the number of deliveries, educational level, household income, pre-pregnancy smoking, and knowledge of rubella from questionnaires and medical records. We analyzed the association of rubella vaccination status and antibodies with each of these factors. We found that the number of previous deliveries, educational level, annual household income, smoking before pregnancy, and knowledge of rubella were factors predicting self-reported rubella vaccination status, while age and the number of previous deliveries were identified as factors predicting the presence of sufficient rubella antibody titers (32 folds or higher). Women considering pregnancy should be immunized against rubella to prevent congenital rubella syndrome in the future. Furthermore, social policies are needed to strongly encourage vaccination, especially for all citizens who were not given the opportunity or missed the chance to be vaccinated against rubella.
Blood Antibody Titers and Adverse Reactions after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination
Authors: Kiewisz Jolanta , Drzyzga Damian , Rozanska Karolina , Krzynowek Emilia , Lukaszuk Krzysztof
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to measure, considering a prior history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (SCV-negative/positive), antibodies titer using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), in a serum of healthcare workers (HCW) who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccines. The local and systemic adverse reactions occurrence was checked with a self-reported questionnaire. A total of 60 SCV-negative HCW showed lower antibody titers than those presented by SCV-positive subjects (n = 7). The highest antibody level was detected 8 days after the second dose of vaccine administration. At the same time, the titer was higher in the SCV2 -positive than the SCV2-negative group and comparable after the first dose in those who became infected to the level after the second dose of those who did not. The local and systemic effects in the SCV2-negative and SCV2-positive groups appeared independent of the vaccine dose. After the second dose, systemic reactions were reported more often than the local adverse effects. Whether no effect was observed or whether the response was local or systemic, the antibody level in a specific group remains constant. These results can be helpful in the improvement of vaccination programs, controlling the occurrence of adverse and long-term effects of the vaccination.
Comparison of the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Various SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines among Healthcare Workers: Are Our White Coat Armies Protected?
Authors: Souan Lina , Sughayer Maher A. , Abualhour Maha M. , Siag Mahmoud , Al-Badr Sara , Al-Atrash Tareq
Published: April 2022

Background: The effective immunization of healthcare workers (HCWs) plays a vital role in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is limited data on the immune response to vaccination among HCWs. We aim to determine seroprevalence rates and neutralizing IgG antibody response to various immunizations among HCWs. Methods: This study was conducted between July and September 2021, in which blood samples were obtained from HCWs and SARS-CoV-2 IgG neutralizing antibodies were measured. Data regarding vaccination status with Pfizer/BioNTech, Sinopharm, or AstraZeneca vaccines, occupation, and prior COVID-19 infection were analyzed. Results: COVID-19 infection post-vaccination was associated with higher mean antibody titers, regardless of vaccine type. Pfizer/BioNTech vaccination produced higher mean antibody titers for HCWs with prior COVID-19 infection (p < 0.00001) than other types of vaccines. Although 96% of HCWs were vaccinated, 3% were seronegative. For HCWs who were seropositive, there were no significant differences between the mean antibody titers when comparing occupations and blood indices. Conclusion: Awareness of the immunity status of HCWs is key to protecting this important group against SARS-CoV-2, especially those without prior COVID-19 infection. Further public health efforts regarding booster vaccination for HCWs are crucial to provide necessary antibody protection.
In Search of a Lost Father: Adrien Proust (1834–1903), An Almost Forgotten Public Health Pioneer
Authors: Lippi Donatella , Varotto Elena , Boccalini Sara , Bechini Angela , Galassi Francesco Maria
Published: April 2022

Objectives: In this communication, we wish to remember the important historical role played by Marcel Proust’s father, the now mostly forgotten Achille-Adrien Proust (1834–1903). Study Design and Methods: His career, scientific interests and, above all, his brilliant intuitions and suggestions in the fight against cholera in the 19th century are recalled. Results and Conclusions: His role in the promotion of a globally effective vision of public hygiene and health is stressed as a bright example for modern physicians fighting contemporary epidemics.
LAS COMPETENCIAS DEL MEDIADOR EN EL PROCESO INTESTAMENTARIO
Authors: Velázquez-Jiménez Bertha
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar las competencias del mediador en materia de sucesión intestamentaria, siendo que para ello es importante analizar las leyes a través del método analógico en lo referente a las actuaciones los mediadores, así como mediante el método exegético y la técnica de investigación documental, basándonos en diferentes autores en materia de mediación familiar y de empresa familiar, siendo tales de auxilio para formar una idea más clara respecto a las actuaciones, derechos y deberes que debe de cumplir un mediador en la materia sucesoria.
Optimalisasi Laba UMKM Melalui Manajemen Keuangan
Authors: Komala Adeh Ratna
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this service is to provide training to manage business profits for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSEs) in the Bandung area as many as 200 participants. The implementation method is carried out virtually via zoom us where at the end of the session participants are given the opportunity to ask questions related to problems in managing finances.  The material provided is related to the stages in managing finances, namely:  separate business capital from own capital, all recorded correctly, financial statements are prepared including statements of financial position, comprehensive income statements, statements of changes in equity and cash flow statements.  This is done so that business operations are well controlled.  This activity is organized by the Accounting Student Association (HMAk UNIKOM). The result of this service is that the participants of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSEs) are greatly helped in managing their business profits. The material presented becomes the basis for participants in improving their business financial records. The participants were also given additional material in using social media to market their products, The conclusion of this activity is very beneficial for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSEs) actors in managing their business finances so that the sustainability of their business is maintained.     

Key words: MSEs, profit optimization, social media
PENDAMPINGAN GERAKAN LITERASI MEDIA PADA CALON PROFESIONAL MUDA MELALUI WEBINAR DAN ONLINE CAMPAIGN CHALLENGE “YUK, BERBAHASA BAIK”
Authors: Sari Retno Purwani , Sabur Andy Jefferson , Azzahra Nabila
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK

Literasi media diargumentasikan mampu meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi sosial para calon profesional muda. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kecakapan mereka mengakses, menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan membuat produk media melalui program pendampingan gerakan literasi media; suatu program yang memanfaatkan kekuatan bahasa dan media untuk mengurangi dampak negatif yang dimilikinya. Program ini dimulai dari bulan Januari sampai Agustus 2021, beranggotakan dosen dan dua orang mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Inggris Universitas Komputer Indonesia. Tahapan pelaksanaan program meliputi: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan pelaporan. Program ini diikuti oleh mahasiswa dan lulusan perguruan tinggi. Produk media yang dihasilkan menandai keberhasilan program ini. Eskpresi bahasa berterima yang diproduksi dan diunggah di media sosial instagram mendapatkan sambutan baik dan memotivasi pengguna internet untuk membuat produknya sendiri. Adapun indikator ketercapaian diindikasikan melalui kemampuan peserta menggunakan bahasa baik dalam produk medianya, dan mempersuasi pengguna lain menanggapi pesan dari produk media tersebut.  

Kata kunci: literasi media, keterampilan komunikasi sosial
PELATIHAN PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI PERKANTORAN MENUJU GAMPONG YANG GOOD GOVERNANCE DI GAMPONG KEUDE JRAT MANYANG KECAMATAN TANAH PASIR KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA
Authors: Rahman Bobby , Akmal M , Rasyidin Rasyidin , Muzaffarsyah Teuku , Zulhilmi Zulhilmi , Rahman Dahlan A
Published: April 2022

The process of administrative services is also less obtained by the community today due to a lack of understanding of technical services by the apparatus in gampong government offices. Service patterns that have not been well organized coupled with the unsanciplined service pattern add dull to the face of service in Gampong Jrat Manyang. This service presents several problem points that arise from partners, namely Gampong Administrative Services that have not been efficient so that basic training of administrative services is needed.. The method of implementation of pre-implementation of activities requires observation of the location of the devotion so that the criteria are obtained that become the basis of community assessment of services such as Tangible. The results showed the core apparatus was very large reaching 60 percent of the total 100 percent. So this percentage shows the interest of gampong government administrators Keude Jrat Manyang as trainees and they are aware that the administrative services carried out so far from efficient.

Key words: service, administration, gampong, good governance
PENGGUNAAN AKUNTANSI DASAR UMKM PADA PEMBUATAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PENGUSAHA SARUNG DI KECAMATAN MAJALAYA KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Bramasto Ari , Harissa Puti , Anggadini Sri Dewi
Published: April 2022

Lack of knowledge of the use of financial statements, difficulties in using financial statement applications, limited product marketing problems. CV. Mekar Jaya, as a form of individual business in Majalaya, Bandung Regency, has experienced these various problems. Whereas the application of accounting in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is recording and decision making as well as long-term planning for MSMEs control tools to avoid spending outside of MSME planning and even to be able to find out debts to other parties. CV. Mekar Jaya are still not able to make their financial statements. The purpose of this Community Service Program is the implementation of orderly administration of MSME Financial Reports. The implementation method to overcome problems is by socializing the benefits and importance of financial reports for CV. Mekar Jaya, training on the use of Excel applications and other alternatives using the LAMIKRO application, assistance every weekend for 2 months so that they can report the Balance Sheet (Financial Position), Profit and Loss Report and Statement of Changes in Capital. The results of these financial statements can be used by CV. Mekar Jaya in making financial decisions, controlling business operational costs, knowing accounts payable, calculating taxes, and so on. Mandatory Outputs are expected by publication on social media, journals, and online news, while additional outputs are submitted in the form of Simple Copyright.

Key words: Financial Statements, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
PROSES PERUBAHAN PROSEDUR KEUANGAN PADA SMK MAHAPUTRA KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Hamdani Deni , Rahayu Sudi
Published: April 2022

Mahaputra Senior hight school is one of education institution with goal for  give for ability of science and for mastery of technology so that in the next hopelly in society can become generation and skilled, creative, inovativ employed. Goal of community service for giving basic science about  finance management with use on line bank system service and making standard operating procedure about online payment.method and solution for problem solving in SMK Mahaputra. Training of community service  doing with implemented training as zoom meeting with student, employed and management of SMK Mahaputra with amount 35 participan. Result of community service hoppely can improving management of SMK Mahaputra as increasing number of SOP and using financial digital system.

Key words:  Bank online, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
A EVOLUÇÃO DAS LEIS TRABALHISTAS NO MUNDO E SEU PARADOXO: SUA HISTÓRIA E SEU PAPEL NA TRANSFORMAÇÃO SOCIAL E DESENVOLVIMENTO NO BRASIL
Authors: GONÇALVES PORTELLA ANDERSON
Published: April 2022

This paper is product of the exercise and application of the theoreticalconceptual content of the MBA in Human Resources Management, perfected over 10 years of professional experience in HR. It presents the author's vision, rescuing a desire to delve into the subject from the Faculty of Economic Sciences, where the labor market and the articles of Prof. Dr. Affonso Celso Pastore instigated to question and evaluate the Brazilian labor market. It discusses the evolution of labor laws, as well as their role in the various epochs of the evolution of society, and the current challenges proposed by the same evolution that created it, that is, a paradox. In addition, it creates an environment conducive to overcoming obstacles and discussing the issue in organizations and in academic society. In this way the obstacles to the sharing of information and knowledge can be reduced, based on the application of literature relevant to the theme presented by the author. Complementing, there is no growth without transformation, breaking paradigms and silos that only serve to prevent society from discussing the issue in an apolitical, scientific way and seeking to find solutions to the problems that present themselves in the current moment of labor relations. The treatment of research as a historical survey using structuralism as a methodological basis will allow us to understand social reality from a considered elementary (or formal) set of relations, in this way the elements of human culture will be understood in the face of its relation with a system or structure. Still as a strategy of action, it will allow to evaluate the theme through interrelated aspects, in the sense of discovering the structures that sustain all the things that human beings do, think, perceive and feel.
TIPOLOGIA DA FISSURAÇÃO EM EDIFICAÇÃO DA ARQUITETURA LUSO-MARANHENSE: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Vieira de Araújo Myrela , Rodrigues de Araújo Netto Raimundo Nonato , Silva de Oliveira Antônio Helson
Published: April 2022

The study aims to identify the types of cracks in masonry and concrete structures of a building located in the São Luís Historic Center in the state of Maranhão, with the objective of defining the causes and treatments of cracks. From the results, it was observed that the causes of cracks in mixed masonry were due to the rot and wear of the wood structure present inside and the disintegration of the coating grout. After the diagnosis in the concrete structures, it was observed that the plaster was made with a porous layer that works supporting the local humidity in which it has a direct contribution to the phenomenon of carbonation in the concrete that led the structure to the ruin process. In this sense, the treatment that must be carried out for masonry is the preventive maintenance of the wood, and concrete, the recomposition of the carbonated layer and structural reinforcement.
Results on Bivariate Modified (p, q)-Bernstein Type Operators
Authors: GÖNÜL BİLGİN Nazmiye , EREN Melis
Published: April 2022

Here, we construct a modification of the (𝑝,𝑞)-Bernstein operators for the two-dimensional case. We study some important properties of these new operators. We estimate the rate of convergence of these operators using modulus of continuity then we give these estimation for functions belonging to class 𝐿𝑖𝑝𝑀(𝛼1,𝛼2).