bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mittag‐Leffler stability and synchronization of discrete‐time quaternion valued delayed neural networks with fractional order and its application
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wang Guanglan , Sha Chunlin , Cao Jinde
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses the problem of Mittag‐Leffler stability and synchronization for discrete‐time fractional‐order delayed quaternion valued neural networks (DTFODQVNN). Firstly, a criterion is achieved to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point (EP) of DTFODQVNN through applying Brouwer's fixed‐point theory. Secondly, based on a Lyapunov function and a new discrete fractional inequality, the stability condition is established by employing a linear matrix inequality approach. In addition, by constructing a proper controller, drive–response synchronization is investigated by means of deploying Lyapunov direct method (LDM). Finally, two examples with simulations test the correctness of the acquired results. Moreover, image encryption is considered as an application based on the chaotic DTFODQVNN.
On the Cauchy problem for acoustic waves in hereditary fluids: Decay properties and inviscid limits
Authors: Chen Wenhui
Published: May 2024

This paper considers the viscous/inviscid Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equations with memory of type I in the whole space
. For one thing, associating with a new condition on initial data, we derive the optimal
estimates and the optimal leading term of the acoustic velocity potential for large time, where we analyze different contributions from viscous, thermally relaxing, as well as hereditary fluids on large time asymptotic behavior for the acoustic waves models. For another, by using the multiscale analysis and energy methods in the Fourier space, we demonstrate the
inviscid limits (i.e., as the diffusivity of sound tends to zero), which match our Wentzel‐Kramers‐Brillouin (WKB) expansion of the solution. Finally, we give a further application of our results on large time behavior for the nonlinear Jordan‐MGT equation in viscous hereditary fluids.
Effect of polymer crosslinking to the failure behavior of thermoplastic composite remelting interface: Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental verification
Authors: Dai Guangming , Zhan Lihua , Zhu Jingguo , Huang Minghui , Zhang Dechao
Published: May 2024

The forming interface is the weak link of thermoplastic composite complex structures. To explore the effect of polymer crosslinking on the failure behavior of thermoplastic composite remelting interface using “Preforming + Remelting bonding” process, the all‐atom models of different types of interfaces were established, and a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted on the uniaxial tensile failure process of the remelting interface. The failure behavior of the remelting interface with different preforming processes was tested to verify the correctness of MD simulation, and the influencing mechanism of polymer crosslinking reactions in the preforming stage to the remelting interface properties was clarified. The results showed that the yield stress of the uncrosslinked interface reaches 283.2 MPa and 16.0% and 50.6% higher than that of the unilateral and bilateral crosslinked interfaces respectively. The polymer crosslinking reaction during the preforming stage will reduce the interlaminar bonding performance. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the uncrosslinked interface is 87.46 MPa and 7.21% and 27.36% higher than that of the unilateral and bilateral crosslinked interface respectively, and only 3.95% lower than that of the non‐remelting sample formed by standard process. This research provides a new approach for predicting and analyzing the effect of polymer crosslinking on remelting interface properties of thermoplastic composite using “Preforming + Remelting bonding” process.

Highlights

The failure behavior of different thermoplastic composite remelting interfaces was studied.

MD simulation was conducted on the uniaxial tensile failure process of the remelting interface.

The influencing mechanism of polymer crosslinking reactions in the preforming stage to the remelting interface properties was clarified.

It is effective to explore the failure mechanism of thermoplastic remelting interface by MD simulation.
Brennstoffzellen der nächsten Generation
Authors: Klose Carolin , Breitwieser Matthias , Koch Susanne , Muenchinger Andreas
Published: May 2024

Brennstoffzellen lassen sich in Hoch‐ und Niedertemperaturtypen aufteilen. Letztere vertragen schnelle Lastwechsel und eignen sich daher für den mobilen Bereich. Ihr Herzstück ist die Membran‐Elektroden‐Einheit. Die Membran muss mehrere anspruchsvolle Anforderungen zugleich erfüllen. Sie muss einerseits die beiden Elektroden und damit Halbreaktionen der „kalten Knallgasreaktion“ gasdicht gegen Wasser‐ und Sauerstoff trennen. Andererseits muss sie als Elektrolyt Protonen leiten können, dazu Wasser als Reaktionsprodukt. Sie muss starken chemischen und mechanischen Belastungen standhalten, ohne schnell zu altern. Etabliert haben sich Membranmaterialien aus Perfluorsulfonsäuren (PFAS). Allerdings ist die Fluorchemie umweltbelastend und wird nur von wenigen Herstellern beherrscht. Der zweite Nachteil: PFAS‐Membranen erlauben nur Betriebstemperaturen unterhalb von 100 °C, was den Wirkungsgrad senkt. Eine vielversprechende Alternative bieten Kohlenwasserstoff‐Membranen. Sie versprechen verbesserte Wirkungsgrade, sind potenziell kostengünstiger und umweltfreundlicher in der Herstellung. Allerdings ist es noch eine Herausforderung, eine ausreichende Lebensdauer zu erreichen. Die aktuellen Fortschritte könnten eine Kommerzialisierung von fluorfreien Membran‐Elektroden‐Einheiten in naher Zukunft ermöglichen.
Intelligent fault diagnosis of machinery based on hybrid deep learning with multi temporal correlation feature fusion
Authors: Lv Yaqiong , Zhang Xiaohu , Cheng Yiwei , Lee Carman K. M.
Published: May 2024

With the advent of intelligent manufacturing era, higher requirements are put forward for the fault diagnosis technology of machinery. The existing data‐driven approaches either rely on specialized empirical knowledge for feature analysis, or adopt single deep neural network topology structure for automatic feature extraction with compromise of certain information loss especially the time‐series information's sacrifice, which both eventually affect the diagnosis accuracy. To address the issue, this paper proposes a novel multi‐temporal correlation feature fusion net (MTCFF‐Net) for intelligent fault diagnosis, which can capture and retain time‐series fault feature information from different dimensions. MTCFF‐Net contains four sub‐networks, which are long and short‐term memory (LSTM) sub‐network, Gramian angular summation field (GASF)‐GhostNet sub‐network and Markov transition field (MTF)‐GhostNet sub‐network and feature fusion sub‐network. Features of different dimensional are extracted through parallel LSTM sub‐network, GASF‐GhostNet sub‐network and MTF‐GhostNet sub‐network, and then fused by feature fusion sub‐network for accurate fault diagnosis. Two fault diagnosis experimental studies on bearings are implemented to validate the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed MTCFF‐Net. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model is superior to other comparative approaches.
Deploying a Dipole Electric Field at the CsPbI3 Perovskite/Carbon Interface for Enhancing Hole Extraction and Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Zhang Qixian , Liu Huicong , Wei Xiaozhen , Song Yongfa , Lv Chunyu , Li Weiping , Zhu Liqun , Lan Yisha , Du Yujiang , Wang Kexiang , Yin Penggang , Lin Changqing , Lin Zedong , Bai Yang , Chen Qi , Yang Shihe , Chen Haining
Published: May 2024

Carbon‐based CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells without hole transporter (C‐PSCs) have achieved intense attention due to its simple device structure and high chemical stability. However, the severe interface energy loss at the CsPbI3/carbon interface, attributed to the lower hole selectivity for inefficient charge separation, greatly limits device performance. Hence, dipole electric field (DEF) is deployed at the above interface to address the above issue by using a pole molecule, 4‐trifluoromethyl‐Phenylammonium iodide (CF3‐PAI), in which the ─NH3 group anchors on the perovskite surface and the ─CF3 group extends away from it and connects with carbon electrode. The DEF is proven to align with the built‐in electric field, that is pointing toward carbon electrode, which well enhances hole selectivity and charge separation at the interface. Besides, CF3‐PAI molecules also serve as defect passivator for reducing trap state density, which further suppresses defect‐induced non‐radiative recombination. Consequently, the CsPbI3 C‐PSCs achieve an excellent efficiency of 18.33% with a high VOC of 1.144 V for inorganic C‐PSCs without hole transporter.
Heterogeneous MoS2 Nanosheets on Porous TiO2 Nanofibers toward Fast and Reversible Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhu Keping , Gao Songwei , Bai Tonghua , Li Huaike , Zhang Xuefeng , Mu Yue , Guo Wei , Cui Zhiming , Wang Nü , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2024

2D layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has garnered considerable attention as an attractive electrode material in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), but sluggish mass transfer kinetic and capacity fading make it suffer from inferior cycle capability. Herein, hierarchical MoS2 nanosheets decorated porous TiO2 nanofibers (MoS2 NSs@TiO2 NFs) with rich oxygen vacancies are engineered by microemulsion electrospinning method and subsequent hydrothermal/heat treatment. The MoS2 NSs@TiO2 NFs improves ion/electron transport kinetic and long‐term cycling performance through distinctive porous structure and heterogeneous component. Consequently, the electrode exhibits excellent long‐term Na storage capacity (298.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 over 1100 cycles and 235.6 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 over 7200 cycles). Employing Na3V2(PO4)3 as cathode, the full cell maintains a desirable capacity of 269.6 mAh g−1 over 700 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. The stepwise intercalation‐conversion and insertion/extraction endows outstanding Na+ storage performance, which yields valuable insight into the advancement of fast‐charging and long‐cycle life SIBs anode materials.
Promoting CO Electroreduction to C2+ Oxygenates by Distribution of Water Dissociation Sites
Authors: Yang Chao , Yan Yaqin , Hu Yuncheng , Chen Yangshen , Guan Anxiang , Hu Cejun , Zhang Lijuan , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: May 2024

The electrocatalytic CO2 or CO reduction reaction is a complex proton‐coupled electron transfer reaction, in which protons in the electrolyte have a critical effect on the surface adsorbed *H species and the multi‐carbon oxygenate products such as ethanol. However, the coupling of *H and carbon‐containing intermediates into C2+ oxygenates can be severely hampered by the inappropriate distributions of those species in the catalytic interfaces. In this work, the controlled distribution of highly dispersed CeOx nanoclusters is demonstrated on Cu nanosheets as an efficient CO electroreduction catalyst, with Faradaic efficiencies of ethanol and total oxygenates of 35% and 58%, respectively. The CeOx nanoclusters (2−5 nm) enabled efficient water dissociation and appropriate distribution of adsorbed *H species on the Cu surface with carbon‐containing species, thus facilitating the generation of C2+ oxygenate products. In contrast, pristine Cu without CeOx tended to form ethylene, while the aggregated CeOx nanoparticles promoted the surface density of *H and subsequent H2 evolution.
Influence of Furnace Pressure on the Growth Characteristic of Oxide Film on Piercing Plug Steel
Authors: Lu Lei , Tian Qingchao
Published: May 2024

Different oxidation processes are carried out by using 20Cr2Ni4 piercing plug steel to study the influence of furnace pressure on the growth characteristic of oxide film in high‐temperature C2H5OH–H2O atmosphere. The results show that oxide film under different processes shows clearly two layers. The inner film is porous with the main constituents of FeO and Fe3O4 while the outer film is dense with large bubbles. The elemental Ni aggregates as a dot‐like substance in the inner oxide, where the enrichment of Cr lags behind the frontier boundary of Ni distribution. It is found that the thickness of the oxide film shows a parabolic relationship with product of the square root of oxidation time and furnace pressure. High furnace pressure can keep the pressure balance of the bubbles to swell to sufficient size, but may cause cracking during the relief process of pressure.
Machine learning prediction of hypertension and diabetes in twin pregnancies using characteristics at prenatal care entry: a nationwide study
Authors: Mustafa H. J. , Kalafat E. , Prasad S. , Heydari M. ‐H. , Nunge R. N. , Khalil A.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To develop a prediction model for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes (GDM) in twin pregnancies utilizing characteristics at the prenatal care entry level.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study using the US national live birth data between 2016 and 2021. The association of all prenatal candidate variables with HDP and GDM was tested with uni‐ and multi‐variable logistic regression analyses. Prediction models were built with generalized linear models using the logit link function and classification and regression tree approach (XGboost) machine learning (ML) algorithm. Performance was assessed with repeated 2‐fold cross‐validation and performance metrics we considered were area under the curve (AUC). P value <0.001 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 707,198 twin pregnancies were included in the HDP analysis and 723,882 twin pregnancies for the GDM analysis. The incidence of HDP and GDM significantly increased from 12.2% in 2016 to 15.4% in 2021 and from 8.1% in 2016 to 10.7% in 2021, respectively. Factors that increase the risk of HDP in twin gestations are maternal age <20, age≥35, infertility, prepregnancy DM, non‐Hispanic Black population, obesity, and those with Medicaid insurance (p<0.001). Factors that more than doubled the risk are obesity class II and III (p<0.001). Factors that increase the risk of GDM in twin gestations are age <25, age≥30, history of infertility, prepregnancy hypertension, non‐Hispanic Asian population, non‐US nativity, and obesity (p<0.001). Factors that more than doubled the risk are maternal age ≥ 30 years, non‐Hispanic Asian, and class I, II, and III maternal obesity ( p<0.001). For both HDP and GDM, the performance of the ML and logistic regression model was mostly similar with negligible difference in terms of all tested performance domains. The AUC of the final ML model for HDP and GDM were 0.62±0.004, and 0.67±0.004, respectively.

Conclusions

The incidence of HDP and GDM in twin gestations is increasing. The predictive accuracy of the machine learning model for both HDP and GDM in twin gestations is similar to that of the logistic regression model. Both models had modest performance, well‐calibrated, and neither had a poor fit.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Gluonic contributions to semi-inclusive DIS in the target fragmentation region
Authors: Chen Kai-Bao , Ma Jian-Ping , Tong Xuan-Bo
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study one-loop contributions to semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering in the target fragmentation region for a polarized lepton beam and nucleon target. Complete one-loop results at leading twist are derived, with a particular focus on the gluonic channel. It shows that four structure functions are generated uniquely by the gluon fracture functions starting at one-loop. Additionally, we obtain two structure functions associated with the longitudinal polarization of the virtual photon, and they are contributed by both gluon and quark channels. By combining existing twist-3 results, all eighteen structure functions for the studied process are predicted in terms of fracture functions convoluted with perturbative coefficient functions.
Improving the five-point bootstrap
Authors: Poland David , Prilepina Valentina , Tadić Petar
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We present a new algorithm for the numerical evaluation of five-point conformal blocks in d-dimensions, greatly improving the efficiency of their computation. To do this we use an appropriate ansatz for the blocks as a series expansion in radial coordinates, derive a set of recursion relations for the unknown coefficients in the ansatz, and evaluate the series using a Padé approximant to accelerate its convergence. We then study the 〈σσϵσσ〉 correlator in the 3d critical Ising model by truncating the operator product expansion (OPE) and only including operators with conformal dimension below a cutoff ∆ ⩽ ∆cutoff. We approximate the contributions of the operators above the cutoff by the corresponding contributions in a suitable disconnected five-point correlator. Using this approach, we compute a number of OPE coefficients with greater accuracy than previous methods.
An Observational Case Study of a Radiation Fog Event
Authors: Gandhi Arun , Geresdi István , Gyöngyösi András Zénó , Tordai Ágoston Vilmos , Torma Péter , Rehak András , Bíró-Szilágyi Mariann , Horvath Gyula , Ferenczi Zita , Imre Kornélia , Lázár István , Peterka András , Weidinger Tamás
Published: May 2024

A micrometeorological fog experiment was carried out in Budapest, Hungary during the winter half year of 2020–2021. The field observation involved (i) standard meteorological and radiosonde measurements; (ii) surface radiation balance and energy budget components, and (iii) ceilometer measurements. 23 fog events occurred during the whole campaign. Foggy events were categorized based on two different methods suggested by Tardif and Rasmussen (2007) and Lin et al. (2022). Using the Present Weather Detector and Visibility sensor (PWD12), duration of foggy periods are approximately shorter (~ 9%) compared to ceilometer measurements. The categorization of fog based on two different methods suggests that duration of radiation fogs is lower compared to that of cloud base lowering (CBL) fogs. The results of analysis of observed data about the longest fog event suggest that (i) it was a radiation fog that developed from the surface upwards with condition of a near neutral temperature profile. Near the surface the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent momentum fluxes remained smaller than 0.4 m2 s–2 and 0.06 kg m–1 s–2, respectively. In the surface layer the vertical profile of the sensible heat flux was near constant (it changes with height ~ 10%), and during the evolution of the fog, its maximum value was smaller than 25 W m–2, (ii) the dissipation of the fog occurred due to increase of turbulence, (iii) longwave energy budget was close to zero during fog, and a significant increase of virtual potential temperature with height was observed before fog onset. The complete dataset gives an opportunity to quantify local effects, such as tracking the effect of strengthening of wind for modification of stability, surface layer profiles and visibility. Fog formation, development and dissipation are quantified based on the micrometeorological observations performed in suburb area of Budapest, providing a processing algorithm for investigating various fog events for synoptic analysis and for optimization of numerical model parameterizations.
Corticosterone after early adolescent stress prevents social avoidance, aversive behavior, and morphine-conditioned place preference in adulthood
Authors: Vanderhoof Samantha O. , Vincent Carly J. , Beaver Jasmin N. , Latsko Maeson S. , Aguilar-Alvarez Ricardo , Jasnow Aaron M.
Published: May 2024

Rationale

Stress during childhood or adolescence increases vulnerability to psychiatric disorders in adults. In adult rodents, the delayed effects of stress can increase anxiety-like behavior. These effects, however, can be prevented with post-stress administration of corticosterone (CORT). The effectiveness of CORT in preventing adolescent stress-induced emotional behavior alterations in adulthood has yet to be investigated.

Objectives

Here, we investigated the interactions between early adolescent stress and exogenous corticosterone on adult social, aversive, and drug-seeking behavior in mice, which are translationally related to symptoms associated with psychiatric and substance abuse disorders.

Methods and results

A single administration of CORT in drinking water (400ug/mL) for 24 h after social defeat or context fear conditioning prevents defeat-induced social avoidance, alters fear processing, prevents adolescent stress-induced anhedonia, and prevents stress-potentiated morphine place preference in adulthood. Exogenous CORT did not immediately prevent stress-induced potentiation of morphine conditioned-place preference in adolescents but did so in adult mice. However, when administered to adolescent mice, CORT also prevented the incubation of morphine-conditioned place preference into adulthood. Lastly, exogenous CORT administration blunted endogenous corticosterone but was unrelated to freezing behavior during a fear test.

Conclusions

This is the first demonstration of adolescent post-stress CORT promoting socio-emotional resilience and preventing drug-seeking behavior. Our data suggest elevated corticosterone after a stress experience promotes resilience for at least 40 days across the developmental transition from adolescence to adulthood and is effective for socio-emotional and drug-seeking behavior. These results are critical for understanding how adolescent stress impacts emotional and drug-seeking behavior into adulthood.
Marine Fungal Diversity and Dynamics in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea)
Authors: Banchi Elisa , Manna Vincenzo , Muggia Lucia , Celussi Mauro
Published: May 2024

Fungi contribute to different important ecological processes, including decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling, but in the marine environment the main factors influencing their diversity and dynamics at the spatial and temporal levels are still largely unclear. In this study, we performed DNA metabarcoding on seawater sampled monthly over a year and a half in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea), targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the 18S rRNA gene regions. The fungal communities were diverse, very dynamic, and belonged predominantly to marine taxa. Samples could be clustered in two groups, mainly based on the high (> 30%) or low relative proportion of the ascomycetes Parengyodontium album, which emerged as a key taxon in this area. Dissolved and particulate organic C:N ratio played important roles in shaping the mycoplankton assemblages, suggesting that differently bioavailable organic matter pools may be utilized by different consortia. The proportion of fungal over total reads was 31% for ITS and 0.7% for 18S. ITS had the highest taxonomic resolution but low power to detect early divergent fungal lineages. Our results on composition, distribution, and environmental drivers extended our knowledge of the structure and function of the mycobiome of coastal waters.
In Vivo Comparison of the Efficacy and Duration of Local Antibiotics on Smooth, Textured and Polyurethane Implant Surfaces
Authors: Karakas Ebubekir , Ayhan M. Suhan , Karasu Oguzhan , Kocak Ceren Ozkul , Yalinay Meltem
Published: May 2024

Background

Capsular contracture is one of the most common complications after breast surgery involving silicone implants. The most likely cause of this condition is biofilm formation. In this study, the efficacy of local antibiotherapy against biofilm formation on implant surfaces was investigated.

Methods

Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups. Three pockets were created on the dorsum of each rat, and 1 × 2 cm implant surface samples from smooth, polyurethane and textured implants were randomly placed into pockets. All samples were inoculated with staphylococcus epidermidis. In groups 1-2-3, inoculated samples were placed into the pockets and removed after 1, 6 and 24 h, respectively. In groups 4-5-6, inoculated samples immersed with rifamycin were placed and removed after 1, 6 and 24 h, respectively. Bacterial load was measured with plate count method.

Results

Bacterial load was lower in groups 4-5-6 than in groups 1-2-3 (p < 0.05). In groups 4-5-6, bacterial load was lower for polyurethane than for textured surfaces at all time points (1, 6 and 24 h; p < 0.05). Again, in groups 4-5-6, bacterial load was lower for smooth than for textured surfaces at 24 h (p < 0.05). In groups 4-5-6, bacterial load was lower for polyurethane than for smooth surfaces at all time points, but difference was not statistically significant (1, 6 and 24 h; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results suggest that local antibiotic therapy was effective in reducing the bacterial load on all surfaces. The effectiveness of local rifamycin on the polyurethane surface was higher, and the duration of activity was longer than other surfaces.

No Level Assigned

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Patientenorientierte Optimierung der Versorgungsqualität in der ambulanten spezialfachärztlichen Versorgung (ASV) in einem tertiären rheumatologischen Zentrum
Authors: Ibishi Vlora , Kiltz Uta , Tsiami Styliani , Wessels Michael , Baraliakos Xenofon
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Die Anpassung von Strukturen und Prozessen der Behandlungsabläufe kann zur Steigerung der Patientenzufriedenheit beitragen und steht im Fokus einer patientenorientierten Qualitätssicherung.

Ziel

Es erfolgte die Identifizierung der Patientenzufriedenheit sowie der Bedürfnisse, Erwartungen und Präferenzen hinsichtlich der Versorgung und daraus ableitend die Formulierung von Handlungsempfehlungen zur Optimierung der Versorgungsqualität eines großen tertiären rheumatologischen Zentrums.

Material und Methode

Im Rahmen eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes wurden halbstrukturierte Patienteninterviews und ein Fokusgruppeninterview bestehend aus Ärzt:innen in rheumatologischer Weiterbildung (ÄiWB) in der ambulanten spezialfachärztlichen Versorgung (ASV) durchgeführt. Es wurden die Qualitätsdimensionen nach Donabedian erfasst. Das Datenmaterial wurde anhand der inhaltlich-strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse (QIA) nach Kuckartz mit der Auswertungssoftware MAXQDA ausgewertet und analysiert.

Ergebnisse

Mittels 12 Patienteninterviews und einer Fokusgruppe aus 3 ÄiWB wurden auf Grundlage der Struktur‑, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität Handlungsempfehlungen zur Optimierung der Versorgungsqualität abgeleitet. Es erwies sich Optimierungsbedarf im Bereich des Personalmanagements, der internen Praxisabläufe, der Praxisausstattung und der Behandlungsabläufe in der ASV-Ambulanz.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Ergebnisse aus den Patienteninterviews und der Fokusgruppe zeigten die Aspekte mit Optimierungsbedarf auf. Die Methodik und Ergebnisse dieser Studie können als Anhaltspunkt für Analysen anderer rheumatologischer Kliniken dienen, um im Rahmen des patientenorientierten Qualitätsmanagements und der kontinuierlichen Weiterentwicklung die Versorgungsqualität zu verbessern.
Exposome on skeletal muscle system: a mini-review
Authors: Purcaro Cristina , Marramiero Lorenzo , Santangelo Carmen , Bondi Danilo , Di Filippo Ester Sara
Published: May 2024

Exposomics is an ever-expanding field which captures the cumulative exposures to chemical, biological, physical, lifestyle, and social factors associated with biological responses. Since skeletal muscle is currently considered as the largest secretory organ and shows substantial plasticity over the life course, this reviews addresses the topic of exposome and skeletal muscle by reviewing the state-of-the-art evidence and the most intriguing perspectives. Muscle stem cells react to stressors via phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and tuberous sclerosis 1, and are sensible to hormetic factors via sirtuin 1. Microplastics can delay muscle regeneration via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and induce transdifferentiation to adipocytes via nuclear factor kappa B. Acrolein can inhibit myogenic differentiation and disrupt redox system. Heavy metals have been associated with reduced muscle strength in children. The deep study of pollutants and biological features can shed new light on neuromuscular pathophysiology. The analysis of a time-varying and dynamic exposome risk score from a panel of exposure and phenotypes of interest is promising. The systematization of hormetic factors and the role of the microbiota in modulating the effects of exposure on skeletal muscle responses are also promising. The comprehensive exposure assessment and its interactions with endogenous processes and the resulting biological effects deserve more efforts in the field of muscle health across the lifespan.
Rates of interlock screw back-out are high with the retrograde femoral nailing advanced system for distal femur fractures
Authors: Bhale Rahul , Campbell Sean T. , Fitzpatrick Ellen , Soles Gillian , Lee Mark , Saiz Augustine M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The retrograde femoral nailing advanced (RFNA) system (DePuy synthes) is a commonly used implant for the fixation of low distal femur and periprosthetic fractures. There is concern that the rate of distal interlock screw back-out may be higher for the RFNA compared to other nails (ON). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of interlock screw back-out and associated screw removal for RFNA versus ON, along with associated risk factors.

Methods

A retrospective comparative study of patients who underwent retrograde nailing for a distal femur fracture at an academic level one trauma center was performed. The incidence of distal interlock screw back-out and need for screw removal were compared for RFNA versus a propensity score matched cohort who received other nails.

Results

One hundred and ten patients underwent retrograde nailing with the RFNA for a distal femur fracture from 2015 to 2022 (average age: 66, BMI: 32, 52.7% smokers, 54.5% female, 61.8%). There was a significantly higher rate of interlock back-out in the RFNA group compared to the ON (27 patients, 24.5% vs 12 patients, 10.9%, p = 0.01), which occurred 6.3 weeks postoperatively. Screw removal rates for back-out were not significantly different for the RFNA group versus ON (8 patients, 7.3% vs 3 patients, 2.7%, p = 0.12).

Conclusion

In this retrospective comparative study of distal femur fractures treated with retrograde nailing, the RFNA implant was associated with an increased risk of distal interlock screw back-out compared to other nails.
Linking Post-fire Tree Density to Carbon Storage in High-Latitude Cajander Larch (Larix cajanderi) Forests of Far Northeastern Siberia
Authors: Alexander H. D. , Paulson A. K. , Loranty M. M. , Mack M. C. , Natali S. M. , Pena H. , Davydov S. , Spektor V. , Zimov N.
Published: May 2024

With climate warming and drying, fire activity is increasing in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) forests underlain by continuous permafrost in northeastern Siberia, and initial post-fire tree demographic processes could unfold to determine long-term forest carbon (C) dynamics through impacts on tree density. Here, we evaluated above- and belowground C pools across 25 even-aged larch stands of varying tree densities that established following a wildfire in ~ 1940 near Cherskiy, Russia. Total C pools increased with increased larch tree density, from ~ 9,000 g C m−2 in low-density stands to ~ 11,000 g C m−2 in high and very high-density stands, with increases most pronounced at tree densities < 1 stem m−2 and driven by increased above- and belowground (that is, coarse roots) and live and dead (that is, woody debris and snags) larch biomass. Total understory vegetation and non-larch coarse root C pools declined with increased tree density due to decreased shrub C pools, but these pools were relatively small compared to larch biomass. Fine root, soil organic matter (OM), and near surface (0–30 cm) mineral soil (MS) C pools varied little with tree density, although soil C pools held most (18–28% in OM and 44–51% in MS) C stored in these stands. Thus, if changing fire regimes promote denser stands, C storage will likely increase, but whether this increase offsets C lost during fires remains unknown. Our findings highlight how post-fire tree demographic processes impact C pool distribution and stability in larch forests of Siberian permafrost regions.
Janus kinase inhibitor overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer in C57BL/6 J mice
Authors: Du Wan-Ying , Masuda Hiroki , Nagaoka Koji , Yasuda Tomohiko , Kuge Komei , Seto Yasuyuki , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Nomura Sachiyo
Published: May 2024

Background

Cancer immunotherapy aims to unleash the immune system’s potential against cancer cells, providing sustained relief for tumors responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While promising in gastric cancer (GC) trials, the efficacy of ICIs diminishes in the context of peritoneal dissemination. Our objective is to identify strategies to enhance the impact of ICI treatment specifically for cases involving peritoneal dissemination in GC.

Methods

The therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1, CTLA4 treatment alone, or in combination was assessed using the YTN16 peritoneal dissemination tumor model. Peritoneum and peritoneal exudate cells were collected for subsequent analysis. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and bulk RNA-sequence analyses were conducted to evaluate the tumor microenvironment (TME). A Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) was introduced based on the pathway analysis results.

Results

Anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 combination treatment (dual ICI treatment) demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in certain mice, primarily mediated by CD8 + T cells. However, in mice resistant to dual ICI treatment, even with CD8 + T cell infiltration, most of the T cells exhibited an exhaustion phenotype. Notably, resistant tumors displayed abnormal activation of the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway compared to the untreated group, with observed infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and Tregs in the TME. The concurrent administration of JAKi rescued CD8 + T cells function and reshaped the immunosuppressive TME, resulting in enhanced efficacy of the dual ICI treatment.

Conclusion

Dual ICI treatment exerts its anti-tumor effects by increasing tumor-specific CD8 + T cell infiltration, and the addition of JAKi further improves ICI resistance by reshaping the immunosuppressive TME.
Modular language product lines: concept, tool and analysis
Authors: de Lara Juan , Guerra Esther , Bottoni Paolo
Published: May 2024

Modelling languages are intensively used in paradigms like model-driven engineering to automate all tasks of the development process. These languages may have variants, in which case the need arises to deal with language families rather than with individual languages. However, specifying the syntax and semantics of each language variant separately in an enumerative way is costly, hinders reuse across variants, and may yield inconsistent semantics between variants. Hence, we propose a novel, modular and compositional approach to describing product lines of modelling languages. It enables the incremental definition of language families by means of modules comprising meta-model fragments, graph transformation rules, and rule extensions. Language variants are configured by selecting the desired modules, which entails the composition of a language meta-model and a set of rules defining its semantics. This paper describes: a theory for checking well-formedness, instantiability, and consistent semantics of all languages within the family; an implementation as an Eclipse plugin; and an evaluation reporting drastic specification size and analysis time reduction in comparison to an enumerative approach.
‘The Discipline of Steel’: Technical Knowledge in the Coordinative Practices of Steelmaking
Authors: Schmidt Kjeld
Published: May 2024

This is a study of the cooperative work of making steel in a contemporary steel plant. The study is, first of all, a study of the coordinative practices of a cooperative ensemble of operators controlling a time-critical transformation process, while spatially dispersed at different work stations across the plant, working under quite different and varying local constraints and requirements, with only rudimentary means of ongoing communication. Their individual and local contributions to the overall effort must be minutely synchronized to meet the strict temporal requirements of the operation as a whole. These challenges notwithstanding, the operators manage to act concertedly to produce quality steel and to do so routinely. The question is, how do they manage to do that? As the workers in the setting generally are not able to coordinate their cooperative effort discursively, it is analytically both feasible and necessary to foreground and identify the knowledge of metallurgy of steel and of the plant that enables them, as they go about their own local activities, to apprehend the problems and intentions of their colleagues as reflected in the changing state of the technical processes. The underlying thesis of the study is that in order to answer the general question of how workers engaged in cooperative work are able to heed the activities of their colleagues, and to do so routinely, we are well advised to ‘take the concept of practice seriously’.
A Novel Experimental Approach to Identifying the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Loneliness
Authors: Zagic Dino , Rapee Ronald M. , Wuthrich Viviana M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Current models of loneliness emphasise the role of maladaptive cognitions in causing and/or maintaining loneliness. However, standardised paradigms to experimentally examine the role of maladaptive cognition in loneliness are lacking, making it difficult to establish causality. This paper tested a mock online chat paradigm designed to induce changes in negative affect (loneliness, depression, and anxiety), and strength of belief in lonely thoughts, by manipulating comparative and normative fit.

Methods

Participants (N = 59) were randomised into either the loneliness arm (i.e., loneliness induction chat followed by a social connectedness induction chat), or the social connectedness arm (i.e., two separate social connectedness induction chats), and subsequently completed outcome measures.

Results

The experimental paradigm significantly and specifically increased lonely affect; however, this was associated with non-significant changes in strength of belief in lonely thoughts. The social connectedness induction chat led to significant reductions in broad negative affect for both groups, with these effects accruing across chats for participants in the social connectedness arm.

Conclusion

Experimentally manipulating comparative and normative fit to either emphasise differences or similarities between an individual and group members is an effective paradigm for increasing lonely affect or decreasing general negative affect, respectively.
Pedagogical and communicative resilience before industry 4.0 in higher education in translation and interpreting in the twenty-first century
Authors: García-Santiago Lola , Díaz-Millón Mar
Published: May 2024

Industry 4.0 technological resources are tools used in everyday lives. In Higher Education, instructors need to recognize the value of these information and communication tools (ICTs) and integrate them to support teaching in any field of knowledge. In this study, the evolution of the use of technological resources in Translation & Interpreting education has been analyzed through a diachronic analysis. Taking as an example the innovative teaching macro-project Aula.Int (University of Granada), we have studied some of the most relevant technological resources that have been used to support translation training since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The ACOT model was used to determine the degree of appropriation of each information and communication resource. The results show that translation educators have proven to be resilient to the rapid emergence of technological resources, which, in many cases, have been continuously implemented to support teaching.
The effect of aerogel glazing on daylight and heat gain in school buildings in hot and dry climate
Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz Farouk , Amir Amira Ahmed , Ragab Ayman
Published: May 2024

Nanomaterial technology involves the fabrication and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, which can result in novel properties and applications. Aerogel is a nanomaterial that has remarkable properties such as high thermal resistance and optical clarity. These features make it a suitable material for glazing windows in school buildings located in hot and arid regions, where daylighting and thermal performance are important design criteria. This study aims to evaluate the performance of aerogel-glazed windows in classrooms with different orientations and compare them with conventional windows. The study uses Design-Builder software to simulate the daylighting and thermal performance of the classrooms with aerogel-glazed windows in different orientations. The findings show that aerogel glazing on the northern and southern façades reduces heat gain from windows by 7.46 and 26.88%, respectively. East and west orientations should be avoided due to extreme solar heat gain through exterior windows. Investigated glazing systems meet the LEED V4 spatial daytime autonomy (sDA) standards for regularly occupied floor areas, with an acceptable sDA of  ≥ 55% for all building orientations. The northern façade exhibited the most favorable results, preserving nearly 69.52% of spatial daylight autonomy and an average daylight factor of 2.65%. The northern orientation also had the highest useful daylight illuminance of 89.6%. Aerogel glazing is an effective building insulation technology that balances classroom window-specific heat gain with daylight in hot dry locations.
Electronic nose based on Pd- and Pt-incorporated ZnO nanowires: a case study
Authors: Sinju K. R. , Khan Nida , Debnath Anil K. , Ramgir Niranjan S.
Published: May 2024

Effect of incorporation of sensitizers namely palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) on the gas-sensing behaviour of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires has been studied. The specificity achieved is further studied and demonstrated for its efficacy towards the simultaneous detection of multiple gases employing the developed sensors in an electronic nose configuration. Incorporation of salt solutions containing the desired sensitizer concentration in the starting reaction mixture of hydrothermal growth has been effectively used to achieve heterostructure ZnO nanowires. Pd and Pt gets incorporated as PdO and metallic Pt, in the host matrix resulting in the formation of random heterojunctions namely p–n junction and Schottky junctions. Consequently, an increase in the work function as studied using Kelvin probe studies is observed. Utilizing statistical implements namely principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) the discrimination of three gases namely H2, H2S and NO2 has been successfully accomplished. 3D PCA discriminates the three gases successfully with first three components exhibiting a percentage of variance of 42.32, 33.26 and 24.20%, respectively. A reasonable discrimination of H2, H2S and NO2, grouped into three clusters as evident from HCA dendrograms, was achieved using utilizing Ward’s method and Euclidian distance metric approach.
Sample-Adaptive Classification Inference Network
Authors: Yang Juan , Zhou Guanghong , Wang Ronggui , Xue Lixia
Published: May 2024

Existing pre-trained models have yielded promising results in terms of computational time reduction. However, these models only focus on pruning simple sentences or less salient words, while neglecting the treatment of relatively complex sentences. It is frequently these sentences that cause the loss of model accuracy. This shows that the adaptation of the existing models is one-sided. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a sample-adaptive training and inference model. Specifically, complex samples are extracted from the training datasets and a dedicated data augmentation module is trained to extract global and local semantic information of complex samples. During inference, simple samples can exit the model via the Sample Adaptive Exit Mechanism, Normal samples pass through the whole backbone model before inference, while complex samples are processed by the Characteristic Enhancement Module after passing through the backbone model. In this way, all samples are processed adaptively. Our extensive experiments on classification tasks datasets in the field of Natural Language Processing demonstrate that our method enhances model accuracy and reduces model inference time for multiple datasets. Moreover, our method is transferable and can be applied to multiple pre-trained models.
Bifurcation analysis of a two infection SIR-SIR epidemic model with temporary immunity and disease enhancement
Authors: Aguiar M. , Steindorf V. , Srivastav A. K. , Stollenwerk N. , Kooi B. W.
Published: May 2024

In this paper we study a two infection SIR-SIR compartmental model, considering biological features described in dengue fever epidemiology. Due to a progressive loss of protective antibodies there is waning immunity in the first infection stage and disease enhancement or protection effects by the second infection stage. Bifurcation analysis reveals two codim-2 bifurcations as organizing centers. The unfolding of a cusp bifurcation describes the transition of the disease-free equilibrium into an endemic equilibrium by varying a parameter. These equilibria allow an analytical solution with explicit expressions which allow for a full geometrical interpretation of the occurring bifurcations related to stationary dynamics. A Bogdanov-Takens point is the starting point in the parameter space where oscillatory endemic dynamics occurs including a homoclinic connection. These findings bring additional insights on biological mechanisms able to generate rich and complicated dynamical behavior in simple epidemic models that are, so far, largely unexplored.
On effective irrationality exponents of cubic irrationals
Authors: Badziahin Dzmitry
Published: May 2024

We provide an upper bound for the effective irrationality exponents of cubic algebraics x with the minimal polynomial $$x^3 - tx^2 - a$$

x
3

-
t

x
2

-
a

. In particular, we show that it becomes non-trivial, i.e. better than the classical bound of Liouville, in the case $$|t| > 19.71 a^{4/3}$$

|
t
|
>
19.71

a

4
/
3

. Moreover, under the condition $$|t| > 86.58 a^{4/3}$$

|
t
|
>
86.58

a

4
/
3

, we provide an explicit lower bound for the expression ||qx|| for all large $$q\in \mathbb {Z}$$

q
∈
Z

. These results are based on the recently discovered continued fractions of cubic irrationals and improve the currently best-known bounds of Wakabayashi.