bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
19.4: Simulation and Analysis of Edge Ghosting for Microcapsule E‐Paper Based on Particles Dynamics
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Liu Guangyou , Yang Mingyang , Zou Guowei , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: October 2022

A model of particles dynamics of electrophoretic display was established to simulate the distribution of charged particles, edge ghosting effect with different thicknesses, dielectric constants of back binder layer. Reflectivities corresponding to particles distributions were simulated, which evaluated the extent of edge ghosting. The model can suggest the best values of the above parameters.
25.2: High Detectivity Perovskite‐IGZO Phototransistor with Tunable Photoconductive Gain
Authors: Wu Xiaoqing , Chen Tong , Zhou Hang
Published: October 2022

Organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite is a highly light sensitive photodetector material(1), which has competitive advantages of low cost, wide and adjustable light absorption range. However, due to its solubility in polar solvent, its fabrication is not compatible with conventional photolithography process, which limits its application as pixel element in high‐resolution image sensors. Therefore, the patterning of perovskite turns out to be a key issue for practical application of perovskite photodetectors in the field of image sensor(2). In this study, we report a Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskite ‐ indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) phototransistor, and their patterning techniques. A patterned quasi‐2D perovskite layer is deposited on the channel region of IGZO thin film transistor (TFT), which enables ultralow off‐state dark currents of 10−11 A and a high responsivity of 103.5 A/W under 400 nm light illumination with tunable photoconductive gain.
27.1: POB technology applied in Mini LED backlight
Authors: Ji Honglei , Li Pengfei
Published: October 2022

Today, with the rapid development of Mini LED backlight technology, what kind of technology can meet the needs of consumers, while the cost is controllable and can be accepted by the industry? POB are definitely such an option. POB do not require special transfer equipment at first and can be processed using current SMT machines. POB is superior to COB and COG in terms of stability, operability and process difficulty. Although there are certain technical bottlenecks, POB can be regarded as a technical form that gives consideration to both performance and cost in the terminal market. This paper hopes to objectively analyze the characteristics, status and future development direction of POB technology from the perspective of industrial chain.
33.2: A Tunable Filter with Single Layer Twist Structure Liquid Crystals
Authors: Gao Yao , Ding Weiping , Lu Jiangang
Published: October 2022

A bandwidth tunable filter and a multi‐pitch filter based on twist structure liquid crystals (LCs) were proposed. The LC filters can be fabricated by multiple templating and refilling process, which shows large bandwidth and good extensibility. The bandwidth of the twist structure LC filter can be tuned from 111 nm to 244 nm with central wavelength shift of 16 nm. Furthermore, the bandwidth can be broadened to a great extent theoretically by the simple fabrication process. Three‐pitch twist structure LC filter was obtained, and the pitch number can be increased by utilizing multiple templating technique. The fabricated tunable twist structure LC filters show a potential application in optical communication device and spectral systems.
53.1: Invited Paper: Process optimization of passive matrix GaN Micro‐LED displays
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Nie Junyang , Chen Kongjie , Jiang Bingxin , He Shuang , Yang Tianxi , Sun Jie , Su Anjun , Chen Nianrui , Zhou Jun , Guo Tailiang , Yan Qun
Published: October 2022

A passive matrix (PM) blue Micro light‐emitting diode (LED) device with 300 μm pixel size and 7/10/15/20/30/50/100 μm luminous area is designed. The 1 μm thick insulating layer composed of SiO2 is grown in four steps, which improves the quality of the insulating layer and reduces the risk of electrical leakage. The thick metal is used as the p lines and the n lines. The non‐conductive GaN is left as the structure underneath the p lines to alleviate the breakage of the p lines to improve the reliability of the device. The optimized technology is used to fabricate the micro‐display, and the optical and electrical characterization is carried out. Besides, we realize the character display. With no additional manufacturing process, this work will contribute to the implementation of highly reliable PM Micro‐LED display technology.
P‐1.9: Effect of wavelength on photoresponse characteristics of amorphous InZnO thin film transistors
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhou Xiaoliang , Huang Tengyan , Chen Jie , Tang Fanyou , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: October 2022

The steady‐state and dynamic photoresponse characteristics of amorphous InZnO thin‐film transistors (a‐IZO TFTs) under illumination with different wavelengths (λ) were investigated. It is observed that the steady‐state responsivity (R) decreases exponentially with the increase of λ, accompanied by a slower increasing rate of photoresponse current (Iph) with illumination time. Besides, for the λ of 525 nm, which is nearly the cutoff wavelength estimated from the steady‐state photoresponse characteristics, obvious Iph can be gradually observed when the a‐IZO TFT is illuminated for longer than 80 s with the power density of 250 μW/cm2. It is inferred that the difference between the steady‐state and dynamic photoresponse characteristics of the a‐IZO TFT for λ of 525 nm is caused by the slow generation rate of ionized oxygen vacancies under illumination.
P‐2.12: Application status and prospect of mixed reality in medical surgery
Authors: Zhao Sensen , Wang Lijun , Song Jianwen
Published: October 2022

The full text illustrates the specific application progress and application results of mixed reality technology in medical surgery by cite the case of the combination of mixed reality and medical surgery, and points out that mixed reality technology plays an important auxiliary role in medical surgery and can help accurate surgery. Positioning, precise operation, shortening the operation time, reducing blood loss and so on. Based on the above advantages, the application prospect of mixed reality technology in the field of medical surgery is very broad, and more and more scientific researchers are required to explore this aspect

Mixed reality technology can assist doctors in surgical operations, and has the main advantages of accurate positioning, precise operation, shortening the operation time, and reducing blood loss. More and more scientific researchers are required to continue to research and develop more applications that assist medical operations to proceed smoothly.
P‐3.9: An Approximating natural light LCD Technology
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Huiyan , Geng Shixin , Liang Fuxue , Liu Miao , Qin Xuefei , Wang Bochang , Bu Zhanchang , Cai Site , Shao Xibin
Published: October 2022

This paper described an approximating natural light LCD. With transparent polymer optical materials, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), through the high temperature tensile make the arrangement of molecular reorientation in materials, forming the anisotropy, and have the properties of birefringence. It has higher phase retardation, its main optical axis with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer of polarizer in a particular angle, N multiple wavelengths of linear polarized from LCD can be converted to the circularly polarized light, approximating to natural light. The linear polarized degree of polarization can be improved to 3.4 % (approximating natural light pol.) from 99 %(normal pol.).
P‐12.12: Increasing the Rewriting Speed of Optically Driving Liquid Crystal Display by RM257Doping
Authors: Lin Chao , Sun Jiatong
Published: October 2022

The optically driving liquid crystal display (ODLCD) can realize the display function by changing the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules inside by exposing to the polarized blue light, which has the advantages of low power consumption, non‐contact alignment, easy to fabricate. However, a big issue arises in response time, i.e., rewriting time of the ODLCD. The rewriting time for the ODLCD depending on doping with RM257 was studied. RM257was cured perpendicular to the substrates by applying voltage across the sample that forming a net‐like structure inside liquid crystal 5CB.Among the 9 different RM257 concentrations, 5% RM257 in the mixturewasfound to be the optimal and the minimum rewriting time of 4s had been reached.
P‐14.2: Facile Patterning of Silver Nanowire with Invisible Effect for Naked Eyes via Ink‐jet Printing
Authors: Lu Hao , Gong Youyou , Luo Qingyun , Qiu Zhiguang , Zhu Simu , Yang Boru
Published: October 2022

The sliver nanowire electrode has high conductivity and excellent mechanical flexibility, which has been considered to be the candidate material to replace ITO. However, haze is its major issue making the patterns visible. In this paper, we demonstrated an invisible patterning method based on ink‐jet printing and partial etching. Eventually, we applied the film to fabricate liquid crystal display (LCD) prototype, and obtained relatively good response time performance.
P‐16.6: Optimizing Methods of Improving Black Uniformity for Automotive Displays
Authors: Xiang Xi , Zuo Xiongcan , Pu Lian , Feng Yuanming , Wang Chao , Yu Xinbo
Published: October 2022

In automotive display field, it requires higher black luminance uniformity because of the high brightness, large size of panel which shows mostly black background. In this paper, we analyzed and classified the types of light leakage in black picture, found the key factor of influencing the black luminance uniformity, and optimized the black uniformity performance from the aspects of design and materials finally obtained the high black uniformity value for LCD panels in TLCM.
Facile synthesis of two‐dimensional PA‐Ag@C film for highly sensitive SERS detection
Authors: Li Anqi , Xin Xiaoli , Zhang Tingting , Xu Tao , Li Luo , Liu Chang , Li Weihua , Li Jiansheng , Li Yi , Lu Rui
Published: October 2022

In this study, the surface of polyamide (PA) films are electrostatically deposited with the carbon‐coated silver (Ag@C) nanoparticles, resulting in a two‐dimensional (2D) PA‐Ag@C film substrate. The TEM images demonstrate that the nanoparticles were successful synthesized. By adjusting the pH of the system, the core–shell structure and the 2D SERS substrate work together to improve the sensitivity, stability, and repeatability of the substrate to be used in complex real‐world water samples. The SERS enhancement effect and substrate uniformity were determined using rhodamine 6G (R6G), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG). The results indicate that the 2D PA‐Ag@C film substrate in this study has the optimal Raman effect at a system pH of 6. Under ideal pH conditions, the R6G detection limit (LOD) is as low as 10−10 M (D2 attenuation), and the Raman signal intensity deviation of the same substrate is maintained within 9.49%. Overall, the Raman signal of probe molecule on the fabricated PA‐Ag@C film possesses excellent sensitivity, repeatability, and stability.
The effect of electrophoretic deposition p‐aminobenzenesulfonamide grafted CNT on mechanical properties of carbon fiber filled polyamide 6 composite
Authors: He Yichuan , Liu Yang , Li Bin , Dong Yuncheng , Wang Shiguo
Published: October 2022

The surface treatment of carbon fiber is carried out by electrophoretic deposition of p‐aminobenzenesulfonamide grafted carbon nanotube (CNT), and it is used as a reinforcement of polyamide 6. The monofilament tensile test and XPS were used to study the effect of p‐aminobenzenesulfonamide concentration on the tensile strength and surface functional groups of carbon fiber monofilaments. The results show that the higher the p‐aminobenzenesulfonamide concentration, the greater the decrease in the mechanical properties of carbon fibers, and the greater the content of oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface. It is preferred that carbon fiber and thermoplastic polyamide 6 with higher retention rate of monofilament tensile strength and rich oxygen‐containing functional group content are made into composite materials, and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) is evaluated.
Dose finding studies for therapies with late‐onset toxicities: A comparison study of designs
Authors: Barnett Helen , Boix Oliver , Kontos Dimitris , Jaki Thomas
Published: October 2022

An objective of phase I dose‐finding trials is to find the maximum tolerated dose; the dose with a particular risk of toxicity. Frequently, this risk is assessed across the first cycle of therapy. However, in oncology, a course of treatment frequently consists of multiple cycles of therapy. In many cases, the overall risk of toxicity for a given treatment is not fully encapsulated by observations from the first cycle, and hence it is advantageous to include toxicity outcomes from later cycles in phase I trials. Extending the follow up period in a trial naturally extends the total length of the trial which is undesirable. We present a comparison of eight methods that incorporate late onset toxicities while not extensively extending the trial length. We conduct simulation studies over a number of scenarios and in two settings; the first setting with minimal stopping rules and the second setting with a full set of standard stopping rules expected in such a dose finding study. We find that the model‐based approaches in general outperform the model‐assisted approaches, with an interval censored approach and a modified version of the time‐to‐event continual reassessment method giving the most promising overall performance in terms of correct selections and trial length. Further recommendations are made for the implementation of such methods.
Reliability Analysis of a Novel Measurement System for Quantifying Human Skin Color
Authors: Chen Chien-Chung , Chung Cheng-Yin , Chiu Yi-Wen , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Tse Ling-Shan , Wu Ching-Ying , Hwang Shang-Jyh , Lin Ming-Yen
Published: October 2022

Background

Precision is crucial in determining the appropriate procedure for implementing further trials. We conducted a study to explore the reliability of a novel measuring system for human skin color.

Methods

The novel skin color measuring system was used to capture the skin color of four volunteers (2 males and 2 females) from the same location on each subject by the same operator. The measurement was repeated for different poses and instrument factors (camera and shooting protocol) in the red, green, and blue (RGB) system. The average color depth in each image was calculated and converted from 0 to 255. The spread of measures and the Bland-Altman plot was displayed to determine each variance source's random error, with the interclass correlation coefficients applied to reflect the reliability.

Result

The RGB color depth in the experiment ranged from 190, 152, and 122 to 208, 170, and 142. The 95% confidential interval of the differences from the means in RGB colors for the different protocols were ±2.8, ±2.6, and ±2.1, respectively. The largest variation in the replicate trials was observed when subjects were in a supine position (standard deviation: 2). The interclass correlation coefficients were greater than 90%, suggesting that the developed system is highly precise.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the developed device could stably and reliably detect human skin color across different common sources of variation, and thus could be applied clinically to explore relationships between health/disease and skin color changes.
Information overload's double‐edged sword effect on sense of safety: Examining the moderating role of hypervigilance
Authors: Zhang Wen , You Yue , Wang Lei , Liu Wei , Zhang Xichao
Published: October 2022

Since the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak, long‐term overlooked motives concerning a sense of safety have become a primary concern. People's sense of safety largely depends on the information they receive. Indeed, a tsunami of information about the virus has been disseminated by all forms of media to people's electronic devices, thus permeating their lives. This study proposed that the over‐abundance of information, known as information overload, could endanger individuals' sense of safety by increasing their rumination about COVID‐19. However, it could also enhance their sense of safety by increasing their positive attitudes toward COVID‐19 precautions. Furthermore, we proposed that individuals' hypervigilance could strengthen the relationship between information overload and rumination about COVID‐19 and attitudes toward COVID‐19 precautions. We tested these hypotheses using a cross‐sectional survey study (N = 403) in February 2021 and a diary study (N = 98) in July 2021 in China. The results of both studies support the dual mediating paths of the relationship between information overload and sense of safety. We also found that hypervigilance moderated the relationship between information overload and rumination about COVID‐19. Overall, our study offers insights into how social media may influence people's sense of safety and how individual differences in hypervigilance play a role in the process.
On‐Chip Investigation of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction of 2D Materials
Authors: Qi Junlei , Wang Wenbin , Li Yihan , Sun Yamei , Wu Zongxiao , Bao Kai , Wang Lingzhi , Ye Ruquan , Ding Mengning , He Qiyuan
Published: October 2022

The on‐chip electrocatalytic microdevice (OCEM) is an emerging platform specialized in the electrochemical investigation of single‐entity nanomaterials, which is ideal for probing the intrinsic catalytic properties, optimizing performance, and exploring exotic mechanisms. However, the current catalytic applications of OCEMs are almost exclusively in electrocatalytic hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions with minimized influence from the mass transfer. Here, an OCEM platform specially tailored to investigate the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at a microscopic level by introducing electrolyte convection through a microfluidic flow cell is reported. The setup is established on gold microelectrodes and later successfully applied to investigate how Ar‐plasma treatment affects the ORR activities of 2H MoS2. This study finds that Ar‐plasma treatment significantly enhances the ORR performance of MoS2 nanosheets owing to the introduction of surface defects. This study paves the way for highly efficient microscopic investigation of diffusion‐controlled electrocatalytic reactions.
Highly Dispersed Ru–Co Nanoparticles Interfaced With Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Polyhedron for High Efficiency Reversible Li–O2 Battery
Authors: Tong Zhen , Lv Chao , Zhou Yao , Zhang Peng‐Fang , Xiang Cheng‐Cheng , Li Zhen‐Gang , Wang Zhen , Liu Zong‐Kui , Li Jun‐Tao , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: October 2022

The lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery with high energy density of 3860 Wh kg−1 represents one of the most promising new secondary batteries for future electric vehicles and mobile electronic devices. However, slow oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution (ORR/OER) reaction efficiency and unstable cycling performance restrain the practical applications of the Li–O2 battery. Herein, Ru‐modified nitrogen‐doped porous carbon‐encapsulated Co nanoparticles (Ru/Co@CoNx–C) are synthesized through reduction of Ru on metal–organic framework (MOFs) pyrolyzed derivatives strategies. Porous carbon polyhedra provide channels for reactive species and stable structure ensures the cyclic stability of the catalyst; abundant Co–Nx sites and high specific surface area (353 m2 g−1) provide more catalytically active sites and deposition sites for reaction products. Theoretical calculations further verify that Ru/Co@CoNx–C can regulate the growth of Li2O2 to improve reversibility of Li–O2 batteries. Li–O2 batteries with Ru/Co@CoNx–C as cathode catalyst achieve small voltage gaps of 1.08 V, exhibit excellent cycle stability (205 cycles), and deliver high discharge specific capacity (17050 mAh g−1). Furthermore, pouch‐type Li–O2 batteries that maintain stable electrochemical performance output even under conditions of bending deformation and corner cutting are successfully assembled. This study demonstrates Ru/Co@CoNx–C catalyst's great application potential in Li–O2 batteries.
Self‐Driven Ultrafast Response Photodetector Based on Graphene/Water/Silicon Structure
Authors: Yan Yanfei , Lu Yanghua , Liu Chang , Yu Xutao , Wang Can , Yang Renyu , Lin Shisheng
Published: October 2022

The graphene/water/semiconductor structure can convert kinetic energy into direct current output using the polarization principle, showing its unique physical characteristics and superior performance in the power generation direction. Herein, a photodetector application is developed based on the structure and reveals the physical mechanism of the displacement current caused by the polarization of more water molecules induced by silicon upon excitation under illumination. Furthermore, the research uses a graphene/water/silicon heterojunction as a self‐driven photodetector with a wide response band contains from ultraviolet to visible light, the photodetector has a high sensitivity to the incident light of 635 nm with a responsivity of 433.46 mA W−1and detectivity as 1.57 × 1012 Jones. Moreover, the photodetector based on graphene–water–Si has an ultrafast response speed, with a typical rise/fall time of 564/766 ns. The photodetector remains substantial stable while sealed with polymethyl methacrylate after storage in air for 1 month. These results imply that graphene/water/silicon heterojunctions may have great potential for practical applications as high‐performance self‐driven photodetectors.
Relationship among Extrusion Conditions, Cell Morphology, and Properties of Starch‐Based Foams—A Review
Authors: Dircio‐Morales Marco Antonio , Fonseca‐Florido Heidi Andrea , Velazquez Gonzalo , Ávila‐Orta Carlos Alberto , Ramos‐De Valle Luis Francisco , Hernández‐Gámez Francisco , Rivera‐Salinas Jorge Enrique , Soriano‐Corral Florentino
Published: October 2022

Environmental impact concern of conventional polymer foams has attracted considerable interest for the development of natural‐based polymer foams. Starch is a biopolymer that is gaining acceptability due to its renewability, availability, environmental biodegradation, and low cost. Extrusion is particularly desirable to produce starch‐based foams because it can produce a homogeneous mixing, high heat transfer, high pressure, reduction of the residence time, and low production costs. This review explains the transformation of starch during the foam processing and their relationship with extrusion conditions such as water content, barrel temperature, screw configuration and speed, die temperature, and die dimensions and how all these factors impact on the cell morphology, apparent density, expansion ratio, and final properties of starch‐based foams. The strategies to reduce water sensitivity are described, as well as the effect of amylose content and the addition of additives to improve the starch‐based foams performance as alternative for expanded polystyrene. The extrusion processing conditions can be controlled to obtain the desirable properties for specific applications such as cushioning, packaging, and loose‐fill, among others. Also, a brief look at the starch‐based foams trends, challenges, and perspectives are also discussed.
Impact of crumb rubber particle size on the mechanical and microstructure properties of rubberized concrete
Authors: Mo Jinxu , Ren Fengming , Tian Shiyu , Wang Qing , Ho Johnny Ching Ming
Published: October 2022

Crumb rubber (CR) concrete (CRC) characterized with high ductility and environment friendliness, has recently been studied widely in the field of green concrete. Generally, high volume fraction of CR in cementitious system leads to low strength. However, the effect of CR particle size has not been concluded yet. This paper focuses on the impact of CR size on the mechanical and microstructure properties of CRC. Two novel substitution approaches of CR for natural fine aggregate are adopted. In total, 10 groups are designed and experimentally tested for their workability in fresh state and mechanical properties in hardened state. Brittleness coefficient, fineness modulus, and micro‐morphology of CRC were analyzed and discussed. Results show that as size of CR decreases, workability improves significantly, apparent density and strength exhibit a firstly decrease and then increase trend, with the lowest value obtained around 1.18 mm CR size. The brittleness of concrete was significantly improved in the presence of CR, and the improvement was more significant for smaller‐sized CR. Weak ITZs between CR particles and interfacial porosity are the main reasons for the sharp strength deterioration. Crack arresting effect of CR makes the crack propagation path more tortuous, and smaller particle‐sized CR exhibits greater capability.
Partnering with Families to Use Screen Time for Supporting Early Language and Literacy
Authors: Tatar Burcu H. , Gerde Hope K.
Published: October 2022

Young children's engagement with digital tools (e.g., tablets, smartphones, ebooks/storyapps, and mobile apps) is increasing globally. This is inevitable in our digital world. Even though children primarily use digital technology for entertainment purposes, these tools offer valuable learning opportunities too. Importantly, adults can provide and engage children with digital tools that support and enhance their language and early literacy skills. This article identifies the ways teachers can guide families to select quality digital media and interact with their young children as they use digital technologies to support children's language, reading, and writing development. The authors encourage teachers to engage families as their partners in children's learning within digital spaces. Example family handouts support teachers to connect with families about using technology in ways that promote children's language and literacy development.
The physiological dissimilarities of Holstein dairy cows with different milk yields
Authors: Dong Jianan , Liu Yongjun , Li Songze , Sun Zhe , Chen Xue , Wang Duojia , Qin Guixin , Zhang Xuefeng , Aschalew Natnael Demelash , Wang Tao , Zhen Yuguo
Published: October 2022

Background

Even if breed, parity, dietary and environmental management are same, dairy cows still have notable differences in milk yield that may be underpinned by physiologic differences.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the physiological dissimilarities of dairy cows with different milk yields.

Methods

Thirty cows were sorted into high milk‐yielding cows (group H: 58.93±2.31 kg/day), moderate milk‐yielding cows (group M: 44.99±0.54 kg/day), and low milk‐yielding cows (group L: 24.99±6.83 kg/day) according to milk yield. Blood was collected and serum parameters were assessed. Rumen fluid was collected for the evaluation of rumen fermentation parameters (RFPs) and bacterial community composition (BCC).

Results

Serum prolactin, growth hormone, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulin A and non‐esterified fatty acid had a significantly positive correlation with milk yield (p < 0.05), whereas serum glucagon and total antioxidant capacity had a significantly negative correlation with milk yield (p < 0.05). The concentration of valeric acid and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen fluid in group H was significantly lower than that in group L (p < 0.05). The concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid in group H was significantly lower than that in groups M and L (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Prevotella_1, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Christensenellaceae_R‐7_group, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcus_2 were negatively correlated with milk yield, whereas the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG‐001, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Shuttleworthia and Dialister were positively correlated with milk yield (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study indicates that dairy cows with different milk yields have clear divergence in serum indicators, RFPs, BCC and rumen microbial metabolism.
Prevalence of helminth and protozoan infections in pet birds of Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Bayzid Mohammad , Yasir Hasib Farazi Muhammad , Hasan Tanjila , Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul , Masuduzzaman Mohammad , Hossain Mohammad Alamgir , Alim Mohammad Abdul
Published: October 2022

Background

Parasitic diseases such as helminths and protozoa are considered one of the major impediments in the rearing of pet birds. The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of helminths and protozoal infections in different captive pet birds in Chattogram metropolitan area, Bangladesh.

Methods

A total of 549 pooled faecal and 311 individual blood samples were collected from different species of pet birds during June 2019 to May 2020. The faecal samples were examined following routine microscopic tests to identify the eggs and oocysts of helminths and protozoan parasites, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the haemoprotozoan parasites.

Results

The prevalence of helminth infestations in pet birds was 8.01% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.88–10.61), where infestation caused by nematodes was the highest (7.47%, CI: 5.41–10). Ascaridia and Capillaria spp. infestations were the commonest helminths recorded in different groups of pet birds. The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoal infections was 11.11% (CI: 8.61–14.04) in pet birds. The most commonly occurring protozoal infections were Eimeria spp. (7.83%, CI: 5.73–10.41) followed by Isospora spp. (2.91%, CI: 1.67–4.69). The overall prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites was 2.25% (CI: 0.91–4.58) in different groups of pet birds. The highest prevalence was recorded in Plasmodium spp. (1.29%, CI: 0.35–3.26) followed by Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus spp.

Conclusions

The data generated in this study are the first of its type, which would be beneficial to the veterinary practice, aviculturists, pet bird owners and breeders in Bangladesh to respond appropriately for the prevention and control of the disease.
On uniqueness theorems for the inverse problem of electrocardiography in the Sobolev spaces
Authors: Kalinin Vitaly , Shlapunov Alexander , Ushenin Konstantin
Published: October 2022

We consider a mathematical model related to reconstruction of cardiac electrical activity from ECG measurements on the body surface. An application of recent developments in solving boundary value problems for elliptic and parabolic equations in Sobolev type spaces allows us to obtain uniqueness theorems for the model. The obtained results can be used as a sound basis for creating numerical methods for non‐invasive mapping of the heart.
“Philosophysics” at the University of Vienna: The (Pre-)History of Foundations of Quantum Physics in the Viennese Cultural Context
Authors: Del Santo Flavio , Schwarzhans Emanuel
Published: October 2022

Vienna today is one of the capitals of research on foundations of quantum physics. We reconstruct the development of modern physics in Vienna, with a focus on foundations of quantum mechanics (FQM), which is a sub-field of quantum mechanics. We show that the influence of Erwin Schrödinger and, in more recent years, the initiatives of Anton Zeilinger—the two main intuitive reasons—cannot alone account for today’s outstanding research landscape on FQM in Vienna. We highlight four additional factors that played a crucial role in the development of foundational research in Vienna: 1) the Viennese heritage of the cultural golden age just before World War II; 2) the long-lasting institutional connection between the faculty of physics and philosophy; 3) a rise of several initiatives that gave forum to the interplay of physics and philosophy; and 4) the influence of several external scholars in the Viennese scientific landscape. Our analysis is informed by interviews with the most pertinent scientists, a detailed survey of the relevant social networks, and review of the main primary literature.
Comparison of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on platelet function and prognosis in unstable angina
Authors: Li Chun , Liu Ming , Chen Weixiang , Jiang Tingbo , Ling Lin
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to compare the effects of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on platelet function, cardiovascular prognosis, and bleeding in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Methods

Patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled (January 2018–December 2019). In total, 212 patients were treated with ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) and 210 patients were treated with clopidogrel (75 mg once daily). Thromboelastography and light transmission aggregometry were used to measure the platelet aggregation rate (PAR). High-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and heart-type fatty acid–binding protein (h-FABP) were measured to assess myocardial injury after PCI. Cardiovascular prognosis and bleeding events were evaluated in hospital and 12 months after discharge.

Results

The PAR was significantly slower with ticagrelor (P < 0.001). hs-TnT, NT-proBNP, CRP, and h-FABP increased after compared with before PCI in both groups (P < 0.05). hs-TnT (P < 0.001) and h-FABP (P < 0.001) increased more significantly with clopidogrel. The in-hospital and 12-month major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rates were not significantly different between the two groups. The in-hospital total bleeding event rate was higher with ticagrelor (P < 0.05). Minor bleeding and total bleeding were more frequent at the 12-month follow-up in the ticagrelor group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Ticagrelor was more effective in suppressing the PAR than clopidogrel and reduced PCI-induced myocardial injury in patients with unstable angina pectoris. However, it increased in-hospital and 12-month bleeding events and had no benefit on in-hospital and 12-month MACEs.
The efficacy and safety of intralesional Candida vaccine versus topical diphencyproprobenone in immunotherapy of verruca vulgaris: A randomized comparative study
Authors: EL-Komy Mohamed H. M. , Shamma Shahenda Gamal , Bedair Nermeen Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

Various therapeutic options are available for verruca. While physical destruction may be associated with scarring, immunotherapy may be effective in treating warts through stimulating body immune response. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy, safety, and outcome of Candida antigen vs diphencyprone (DPCP) in the treatment of warts. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to receive either intralesional Candida antigen every 3 weeks or weekly DPCP application. Both treatments were applied only to the mother wart. Lesions’ clearance and associated side effects were observed up to 4 weeks after treatment. Two blinded physicians evaluated photos of warts before and 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Both modalities granted wart clearance and/or improvement with no statistically significant difference; however, Candida antigen was significantly better in clearing adjacent untreated warts (p = 0.046). Fewer side effects were observed among the Candida antigen group. The response was duration associated in the Candida groups only. Intralesional Candida antigen injection and DPCP treatments for warts yielded improvement with superiority of Candida injection in eradicating distant lesions and fewer side effects. A shorter wart duration may be associated with a better therapeutic response with Candida antigen.
Verifying OpenJDK’s LinkedList using KeY (extended paper)
Authors: Hiep Hans-Dieter A. , Maathuis Olaf , Bian Jinting , de Boer Frank S. , de Gouw Stijn
Published: October 2022

As a particular case study of the formal verification of state-of-the-art, real software, we discuss the specification and verification of a corrected version of the implementation of a linked list as provided by the Java Collection Framework.
The Lack of Alterations in Metabolites in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala, but Their Associations with Autistic Traits, Empathy, and Personality Traits in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Shirayama Yukihiko , Matsumoto Kazuki , Osone Fumio , Hara Akira , Guan Siqing , Hamatani Sayo , Muneoka Katsumasa , Sato Koichi , Okada Akihiro , Yokokawa Tokuzou
Published: October 2022

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has shown inconsistent alterations in brain metabolites of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated brain metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala of 24 drug-naive adults with ASD and no intellectual disability and 24 non-ASD control subjects, using 3 T 1H-MRS. Adults with ASD showed no significant differences from control in glutamate, glutamate plus glutamine, N-acetylaspartate, glycerophosphorylcholine plus phosphorylcholine, creatine plus phosphocreatine, or myo-inositol in either region. However, ASD subjects did show significant correlations of localized brain metabolites with autistic traits, empathy deficits, and personality traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. These findings should be taken as preliminary or exploratory.
Limitations of the Wasserstein MDE for univariate data
Authors: Yatracos Yannis G.
Published: October 2022

Minimum Kolmogorov and Wasserstein distance estimates, $$\hat{\theta }_{MKD}$$

θ
^

MKD

and $$\hat{\theta }_{MWD},$$

θ
^

MWD

,

respectively, of model parameter, $$\theta (\in \Theta ),$$

θ
(
∈
Θ
)
,

are empirically compared, obtained assuming the model is intractable. For the Cauchy and Lognormal models, simulations indicate both estimates have expected values nearly $$\theta ,$$

θ
,

but $$\hat{\theta }_{MKD}$$

θ
^

MKD

has in all repetitions of the experiments smaller SD than $$\hat{\theta }_{MWD},$$

θ
^

MWD

,

and $$\hat{\theta }_{MKD}$$

θ
^

MKD

’s relative efficiency with respect to $$\hat{\theta }_{MWD}$$

θ
^

MWD

improves as the sample size, n,  increases. The minimum expected Kolmogorov distance estimate, $$\hat{\theta }_{MEKD},$$

θ
^

MEKD

,

has eventually bias and SD both smaller than the corresponding Wasserstein estimate, $$\hat{\theta }_{MEWD},$$

θ
^

MEWD

,

and $$\hat{\theta }_{MEKD}$$

θ
^

MEKD

’s relative efficiency improves as n increases. These results hold also for stable models with stability index $$\alpha =.5$$

α
=
.
5

and $$\alpha =1.1.$$

α
=
1.1
.

For the Uniform and the Normal models the estimates have similar performance. The disturbing empirical findings for $$\hat{\theta }_{MWD}$$

θ
^

MWD

are due to the unboudedness and non-robustness of the Wasserstein distance and the heavy tails of the underlying univariate models.Theoretical confirmation is provided for stable models with $$1<\alpha <2,$$

1
<
α
<
2
,

which have finite first moment. Similar results are expected to hold for multivariate heavy tail models. Combined with existing results in the literature, the findings do not support the use of Wasserstein distance in statistical inference, especially for intractable and Black Box models with unverifiable heavy tails.
The Role of Civil Society in the Labour Market Integration of Migrants in Europe: An Introduction
Authors: Baglioni Simone , Calò Francesca , Numerato Dino
Published: October 2022

This paper serves as an introduction to a special issue that discusses the role of civil society in the labour market integration of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in six European countries: the Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland and the UK. The paper presents a typology of civil society’s involvement in migrant labour integration—a policy-contested field—based on the relationship between non-profit and public sector organisations. Such ideal-type models are traditional public administration delivery, co-management, co-production with a partial or non-existent role for public sector organisations, and full co-production. In the six countries covered by the special issue, the existing relationship between the public sector and the civil society sector is affected by the specific social, cultural and economic contexts that underpin both their labour markets and welfare states. Although one model predominates in each of the six countries, in different ways and with different mechanisms, in all of them there is a trend towards the development of coproduction whereby the state plays either a central or a residual role.
Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM): new tricks of the trade
Authors: Steinmetz Holger , Block Jörn
Published: October 2022

Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) has become a widespread approach to meta-analyze the evidence in a field and to test a (theoretical) multivariate model based on aggregated data. This editorial presents new tricks of the trade and discusses current issues surrounding MASEM that in our view are either insufficiently recognized in the MASEM literature or present new developments. The editorial is organized in three parts, in which we discuss (a) the goals and causal underpinnings of a MASEM, (b) new possibilities to analyze effect size heterogeneities through moderator variables and (c) the use of statistical tests and p values.
Artifacts classification and apnea events detection in neck photoplethysmography signals
Authors: García-López Irene , Pramono Renard Xaviero Adhi , Rodriguez-Villegas Esther
Published: October 2022

The novel pulse oximetry measurement site of the neck is a promising location for multi-modal physiological monitoring. Specifically, in the context of respiratory monitoring, in which it is important to have direct information about airflow. The neck makes this possible, in contrast to common photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing sites. However, this PPG signal is susceptible to artifacts that critically impair the signal quality. To fully exploit neck PPG for reliable physiological parameters extraction and apneas monitoring, this paper aims to develop two classification algorithms for artifacts and apnea detection. Features from the time, correlogram, and frequency domains were extracted. Two SVM classifiers with RBF kernels were trained for different window (W) lengths and thresholds (Thd) of corruption. For artifacts classification, the maximum performance was attained for the parameters combination of [W = 6s-Thd= 20%], with an average accuracy= 85.84%(ACC), sensitivity= 85.43%(SE) and specificity= 86.26%(SP). For apnea detection, the model [W = 10s-Thd= 50%] maximized all the performance metrics significantly (ACC= 88.25%, SE= 89.03%, SP= 87.42%). The findings of this proof of concept are significant for denoising novel neck PPG signals, and demonstrate, for the first time, that it is possible to promptly detect apnea events from neck PPG signals in an instantaneous manner. This could make a big impact in crucial real-time applications, like devices to prevent sudden-unexpected-death-in-epilepsy (SUDEP).
Photoluminescent Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings Containing YAG: Ce Produced on 1050 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Settimi Alessio Giorgio , Pezzato Luca , Longato Alessandro , Brunelli Katya , Martucci Alessandro , Gross Silvia , Dabalà Manuele
Published: October 2022

In this work, we investigated the possible incorporation of YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet)-Ce particles into plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings on 1050AA (aluminum alloy) in order to endow the surface with photoluminescent properties. Different treatment times and current modes (direct or pulsed) were tested as PEO process parameters using as electrolyte a silicates-containing solution. The microstructure of the samples was characterized by SEM and XRD measurements, the corrosion properties were determined by EIS tests, whereas the photoluminescence was evaluated with a proper spectrometer. The concentration of the YAG-Ce particles incorporated in the PEO coating was strongly influenced by the current mode, and in particular, it was higher with pulsed current mode. A higher content of YAG-Ce particles results in a better corrosion resistance and photoluminescent effect. PEO process in pulsed unipolar mode using an electrolyte containing YAG-Ce particles resulted an effective way to produce samples of 1050AA with a surface characterized by photoluminescent properties.
Bioprocessing of pineapple waste biomass for sustainable production of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity
Authors: Rivera Anna María Polania , Toro Cristina Ramírez , Londoño Liliana , Bolivar German , Ascacio Juan Alberto , Aguilar Cristóbal Noe
Published: October 2022

The effect of temperature, moisture content and pH during solid-state fermentation (SSF) of MD2 pineapple peel withRhizopus oryzae(MUCL 28168) was evaluated on the release of bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity. Applying a central composite design, it was found that temperature had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the total phenolic content and DPPH antioxidant activity while for the ABTS radical elimination activity, the factor that presented a significant effect was the pH (p < 0.05); as this factor increases, the antioxidant activity enhances. The optimal conditions for fermentation process were 80% of moisture content, pH 5.5, temperature 37.3 °C and 24 h of process to maximize phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and cinnamic acid were identified in the extracts by HPLC analysis. These results permit to conclude that SSF of pineapple peel is an effective bioprocess for the release of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity.

Graphical abstract
Young Adults’ Understanding of Sexual Competence: A Qualitative Study with German University Students
Authors: Tomaszewska Paulina , Schuster Isabell , Krahé Barbara
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Handling sexual interactions in a competent manner is a key skill for young adults, which is linked to positive aspects of sexual and general well-being. Several research conceptualizations of sexual competence have been proposed in the literature, but little is known about how young adults define sexual competence and what consequences they consider low sexual competence may have.

Methods

In this qualitative study conducted in 2019, 571 university students (365 women, 206 men) from Germany with a mean age of 22.6 years provided open-ended answers to two questions: (Q1) What do you consider to be sexual competence? (Q2) What consequences can low sexual competence have? Combining thematic analysis and qualitative content analysis, responses were coded into 264 categories that were then condensed into 30 latent themes, with 14 themes referring to Q1 and 16 themes referring to Q2. All categories showed strong inter-coder agreement.

Result

Participants defined sexual competence in a multi-faceted way and in partial overlap with research definitions. Gender differences emerged in four themes (needs/desires, communication, skills/abilities, and setting boundaries/limits). Participants’ statements about the consequences of low sexual competence corresponded closely with their definitions of sexual competence. Gender differences emerged in five themes (risk of sexual victimization and sexual aggression, problems in sexual communication, problematic [sexual] risk behavior, negative influence on [sexual] satisfaction, and lack of skills).

Conclusions and Policy Implications

The implications of the findings for research conceptualizations of sexual competence, for designing interventions to promote sexual competence, and for policy measures designed to reduce sexual aggression are discussed.