bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sparsely‐deployed relay node assisted routing algorithm for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Tian Rui , Zhang Baoxian , Li Cheng , Ma Jian
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we study the issue of routing in a vehicular ad hoc network with the assistance of sparsely deployed auxiliary relay nodes at some road intersections in a city. In such a network, vehicles keep moving, and relay nodes are static. The purpose of introducing auxiliary relay nodes is to reduce the end‐to‐end packet delivery delay. We propose a sparsely deployed relay node assisted routing (SRR) algorithm, which differs from existing routing protocols on how routing decisions are made at road intersections where static relay nodes are available such that relay nodes can temporarily buffer a data packet if the packet is expected to meet a vehicle leading to a better route with high probability in certain time than the current vehicles. We further calculate the joint probability for such a case to happen on the basis of the local vehicle traffic distribution and also the turning probability at an intersection. The detailed procedure of the protocol is presented. The SRR protocol is easy to implement and requires little extra routing information. Simulation results show that SRR can achieve high performance in terms of end‐to‐end packet delivery latency and delivery ratio when compared with existing protocols. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duality covariant multi-centre black hole systems
Authors: Bossard Guillaume , Katmadas Stefanos
Published: August 2013

Abstract

We present a manifestly duality covariant formulation of the composite nonBPS and almost-BPS systems of multi-centre black hole solutions in four dimensions. The method of nilpotent orbits is used to define the two systems in terms of first order flow equations that transform covariantly under the duality group. Subsequently, we rewrite both systems of equations in terms of real, manifestly duality covariant, linear systems of Poisson equations. Somewhat unexpectedly, we find that the two systems are naturally described by the same equations involving space dependent abelian isometries that are conjugate to T-dualities by similarity transformations.
BPS states and their reductions
Authors: Agarwal Prarit , Amariti Antonio , Mariotti Alberto , Siani Massimo
Published: August 2013

Abstract

We develop a method to identify the BPS states in the Hilbert space of a supersymmetric field theory on a generic curved space which preserves at least two real supercharges. We also propose a one-to-one map between BPS states in d-dimensional field theories and states that contribute to the supersymmetric partition function of a corresponding (d − 1)-dimensional field theory. As an application we obtain the superconformal index on rounded and squashed three spheres, and we show a natural reduction of the respective indices to the three-dimensional exact partition functions. We discuss the validity of the correspondence both at the perturbative and at the non-perturbative level and exploit the idea to uplift the computation of the exact supersymmetric partition function on a general manifold to a higher dimensional index.
Tracheal Stenting has Minimal Impact on Survival in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Rajeev Parameswaran , Ezzat Tarek , Slade Mark , Sadler Gregory Paul , Mihai Radu
Published: August 2013

Background

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer and it has an extremely poor prognosis. Rapid airway compromise is the main cause of death in patients with ATC.

Methods

The present study is based on a retrospective review of clinical data of patients with ATC treated over the last decade in a tertiary referral center.

Results

Between January 1998 and December 2010, 31 patients (13 males: 18 females) with a mean age of 74 years (range: 54–90 years) had a diagnosis of ATC made on fine‐needle aspiration (n = 29) or biopsy (n = 2). Eight patients underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection, and five patients had attempted surgery but the procedure was abandoned because of inoperability. Airway compromise was clinically apparent in 11 patients. Five patients had tracheal stents inserted, with a median survival of 2 months (range: 1–36 months). In the whole cohort, 29 patients died of the disease, with a mean survival of 7 months (range: 1–36 months).

Conclusions

Survival of patients with undifferentiated thyroid cancer is severely compromised by airway obstruction. Palliation with tracheal stenting can rescue catastrophic airway obstruction but offers minimal survival benefit.
Pollution‐related changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense profile in the blood of white stork Ciconia ciconia chicks from different regions of Poland
Authors: Tkachenko Halyna , Kurhaluk Natalia
Published: August 2013

Changes in the lipid peroxidation and oxidatively modified protein levels as well as the antioxidant defense system in the blood of white stork (Ciconia ciconia) chicks were analyzed during their development in nests in polluted and control environments. The control, relatively pure, environment was the village of Kłopot, with no industrial plants within a radius of 150 km. Blood samples were also collected in two polluted areas, including (1) the suburban village of Czarnowo, located 20 km from the city of Zielona Góra (southwestern Poland) and (2) an area near the town of Głogów, where a large copper smelter is situated. The effects of various ecological threats from different environments tended to initiate oxidative stress and decrease total antioxidant capacity. The initiation of lipid peroxidation and increases in the levels of carbonyl derivatives of oxidative amino acids were observed in the plasma of chicks from polluted areas. Plasma catalase and the selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase activities of erythrocytes were significantly higher in chicks from polluted areas than in those from control areas. Oxidative stress and components of the antioxidant defense system, especially glutathione peroxidase activity, can be used as indicators of oxidative stress, which was found to be greater in the polluted areas (near the Głogów copper smelter). Research into oxidative stress biomarkers can aid assessments of the conditions of birds, and points to a positive association with miscellaneous environmental loads.
Axis I psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents and young adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome
Authors: Ousley O.Y. , Smearman E. , Fernandez-Carriba S. , Rockers K.A. , Coleman K. , Walker E.F. , Cubells J.F.
Published: August 2013

Background

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) associates with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and other psychiatric disorders, but co-occurrence of diagnoses are not well described.

Methods

We evaluated the co-occurrence of SSDs, ASDs and other axis I psychiatric diagnoses in 31 adolescents and adults with 22q11DS, assessing ASDs using either stringent Collaborative Program for Excellence in Autism (ASD-CPEA) criteria, or less stringent DSM-IV criteria alone (ASD-DSM-IV).

Results

Ten (32%) individuals met criteria for an SSD, five (16%) for ASD-CPEA, and five others (16%) for ASD-DSM-IV. Of those with ASD-CPEA, one (20%) met SSD criteria. Of those with ASD-DSM-IV, four (80%) met SSD criteria. Depressive disorders (8 individuals; 26%) and anxiety disorders (7; 23%) sometimes co-occurred with SSDs and ASDs. SSDs, ASDs, and anxiety occurred predominantly among males and depression predominantly among females.

Conclusions

Individuals with 22q11DS can manifest SSDs in the presence or absence of ASDs and other axis I diagnoses. The results suggest that standard clinical care should include childhood screening for ASDs, and later periodic screening for all axis I diagnoses.
Addressing unmet need for long‐acting family planning in Ethiopia: Uptake of single‐rod progestogen contraceptive implants (Implanon) and characteristics of users
Authors: Asnake Mengistu , Henry Elizabeth G. , Tilahun Yewondwossen , Oliveras Elizabeth
Published: August 2013

Objective

To describe women who accept single‐rod progestogen contraceptive implants (Implanon; N.V. Organon, Oss, Netherlands) from community health workers in Ethiopia and to assess whether community‐based provision addresses unmet need for contraception.

Methods

Women who accepted Implanon during training events in 4 regions were asked about their characteristics and use of family planning. They were compared with implant users nationally and women with unmet need in the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Differences between groups were tested using 2‐sample comparisons of proportions and means.

Results

On average, Implanon acceptors were younger and had more years of education and fewer children than implant users nationally. Almost one‐quarter (22.9%) of all participants had never used contraception before; this was slightly higher among women who chose Implanon (23.1% vs 16.4%; P = 0.04). Acceptors were also less likely than non‐acceptors to be using contraception (70.8% vs 77.3%; P < 0.05) but all women interviewed were more likely to be using contraception than the rural population. Women who accepted Implanon were younger but more educated than women with unmet need for contraception in the 2005 DHS.

Conclusion

Provision of Implanon at the community level through community health workers is effective in reaching women with the greatest need for contraception.
Tell them you are planning for the future: Gender norms and family planning among adolescents in northern Uganda
Authors: Adams Melissa K. , Salazar Elizabeth , Lundgren Rebecka
Published: August 2013

Objective

To understand how social norms about gender and reproduction shape fertility desires and use of family planning among adolescents in post‐conflict northern Uganda.

Methods

A study was conducted in 2 post‐conflict districts in north‐central Uganda. Life histories were collected from 40 adolescents (20 males, 20 females). In‐depth interviews were conducted with 40 individuals (20 males, 20 females) who were identified as significantly influencing the lives of adolescents in research areas. Data were analyzed through inductive and deductive approaches, facilitated by the qualitative software program ATLAS.ti (v.5.6).

Results

Rigid gender norms and post‐conflict economic realities create an environment in which young people struggle to bridge the gap between idealized and experienced gender roles. Social changes brought about by the conflict, combined with cultural values and gender norms, strongly influence fertility desires and contraceptive use. Despite support for smaller, spaced families, gendered barriers to adolescent use of family planning and access to services are significant, even among married couples.

Conclusion

The increased recognition of the determining influence of gender on adolescent reproductive health provided by studies such as this can encourage greater investment in gender transformative interventions with the potential to significantly improve sexual and reproductive health across the life course.
Religious leaders gain ground in the Jordanian family‐planning movement
Authors: Underwood Carol , Kamhawi Sarah , Nofal Ahmad
Published: August 2013

Objective

To assess the effect of a training program designed to enhance the role of Muslim religious leaders (RLs) in promoting family welfare, including reproductive health generally and family planning more specifically.

Methods

A panel study design was utilized; 136 and 115 RLs completed the self‐administered questionnaires at baseline (pre‐training) and endline (6 months post‐training), respectively. Scales were generated to assess RLs' knowledge of the number of family‐planning methods deemed to be acceptable according to Islamic teachings (9 methods, Cronbach α = 0.85), attitudes toward family planning (7 statements, Cronbach α = 0.67), and preaching and/or counseling on family‐planning topics (7 topics, Cronbach α = 0.85).

Results

Linear regressions controlling for sex, age, and educational attainment showed that, on average, RLs cited more methods deemed acceptable according to Islamic teachings (β = 1.381; P < 0.001), expressed more positive attitudes toward family planning (β = 0.514; P < 0.05), and preached and/or counseled on family‐planning topics more frequently at endline compared with baseline (β = 0.965; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Culturally appropriate training for RLs can lead to a deeper understanding of, and appreciation for, reproductive health and family planning, with the effects manifesting as increased preaching and/or counseling about these important topics.
Effect of post‐menstrual regulation family‐planning service quality on subsequent contraceptive use in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Nahar Quamrun , Marions Lena , Oliveras Elizabeth
Published: August 2013

Objective

To determine whether the quality of post‐menstrual regulation family‐planning services (post‐MRFP) affected contraceptive use at 3‐month follow‐up.

Methods

915 women who received post‐MRFP in 2 public and 1 NGO clinics in a district in Bangladesh were interviewed to obtain information on service quality and other characteristics. Quality was scored based on 21 items and the score divided into 3 categories: low (0–6); medium (7–11); and high (12–21). Three months after menstrual regulation, 902 of the women were interviewed at their residence or a clinic and contraceptive status was recorded. Adjusted odd ratios (aORs) for using contraception were calculated via multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Contraceptive use was positively correlated with the level of service quality, with 78% use among women who received the lowest‐quality care and 92% use among women who received the highest‐quality care. The aOR for contraceptive use was 1.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–2.93) among women who received moderate‐quality services and 3.01 (95% CI, 1.43–6.37) among women receiving high‐quality services compared with those who received poor‐quality services.

Conclusion

Good‐quality post‐MRFP increases contraceptive use, at least in the short term.
Reproductive health laws and fertility decline in Ghana
Authors: Finlay Jocelyn E. , Fox Ashley M.
Published: August 2013

Background

An unresolved debate in demography concerns the causal sequence between the supply of contraception and the demand for smaller families in fertility decline. Through a mixed‐methods approach, we explored the effect of a sudden increase in access to legal abortion on subsequent fertility decline when Ghana's criminal code was amended in 1985.

Methods

Using Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys, we constructed a panel of women aged 15–34 years and undertook a spline regression analysis to examine the effect of legal changes in 1985 and fertility decline controlling for social determinants of fertility. In addition, we conducted 17 key informant interviews (KIIs) to understand the reasons for the legal change and competing explanations for fertility decline.

Results

Multivariate results indicated that the timing of the liberalization of the abortion law coincided with the onset of Ghana's fertility decline. The KIIs indicated that the reasons for the liberalization of reproductive health laws were in response to famine and physician advocacy.

Conclusions

While the timing of the abortion law liberalization coincided with the fertility decline in Ghana, we are unable to decouple the effect of the legal change from the effects of a severe famine that affected the region at the same time. Further research on documented and undocumented abortion in Ghana should be conducted to validate the contribution of legal abortion to fertility decline.
There are some questions you may not ask in a clinic: Providing contraception information to young people in Kenya using SMS
Authors: Vahdat Heather L. , L'Engle Kelly L. , Plourde Kate F. , Magaria Loice , Olawo Alice
Published: August 2013

Objective

To evaluate the acceptability, information access, and potential behavioral impact of providing contraception information via text message on mobile phones to young people in Kenya.

Methods

Three methods of data collection were implemented during the 17‐month pilot period for the Mobile for Reproductive Health (m4RH) program in Kenya: automatic logging of all queries to the m4RH system; demographic and behavior change questions sent via short message service protocol (SMS) to everyone who used m4RH during the pilot period; and telephone interviews with a subset of m4RH users.

Results

During the pilot period, 4817 unique users accessed m4RH in Kenya. Of these, 82% were 29 years of age and younger, and 36% were male. Condom and natural family‐planning information was accessed most frequently, although users queried all methods. One in 5 used the m4RH system to locate nearby clinics. Respondents liked the simple language and confidentiality of receiving health information via mobile phone, and reported increased contraceptive knowledge and use after using m4RH.

Conclusion

Providing contraception information via mobile phone is an effective strategy for reaching young people. More research is needed to learn how to link young people to youth‐friendly services effectively.
Minimally Invasive Fixation for Proximal Humeral Fracture: A Review on the use of T2 Proximal Humeral Nail
Authors: Iris Ngai Sze-Ling , Ka-Chun Ip , Kin-Bong Lee , Wan-Yiu Shen , Ben Chan
Published: August 2013

Objective and methodology

A retrospective review of the outcome of patients who had proximal humeral fracture treated with T2 Proximal Humeral Nail from January 2007 to March 2011 was conducted. The demographics, union rate, and complications were reviewed. The patient outcome was assessed with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and Constant-Murley score.

Results

Thirty-two cases of traumatic proximal humeral fractures were included. The average follow-up period was 14.7 months. All fractures healed with an average of 3.97 months. The average forward flexion and lateral abduction of shoulder was 132° and 123°, respectively. The postoperative average Constant-Murley score was 67 (48-80) and ASES score was 82.9 (73-100). There was one case of avascular necrosis of humeral head. Six cases of minor screw complications required removal of screws later. No wound infection or neurovascular injury was found.

Discussion and conclusion

With the proper surgical technique high union rate, good functional recovery, and low complication rate can be achieved by using T2 Proximal Humeral Nail in managing traumatic proximal humeral fracture.
Intertrochanteric Fracture after Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty Managed with a Reconstruction Nail
Authors: Jason Chow , Peter Kilby , Richard Freihaut
Published: August 2013

Periprosthetic fractures after hip resurfacings are rare occurrences that can pose a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. With hip resurfacings becoming more common, the prevalence of these fractures is likely to increase because these patients are usually younger and more active. We report a case of traumatic periprosthetic proximal femur fracture treated with a reconstruction intramedullary nail technique.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. CONSTRUYAMOS LTDA.
Authors: Borrero Silvio , Leal Márquez Diana B. , Gutiérrez Ortíz Gloria Milena , Rentería Mauricio , Fierro Carlos Enrique
Published: August 2013

When Danielle Villota accepted her new position as Administrative Manager at Construyamos Ltda., she thought she had the necessary competencies for such a responsibility. She did not foresee, though, how difficult it would be for her to perform, given the multiple problems faced by this young organization. What she thought would be just a professional challenge, turned out to be a conflicting struggle for power that jeopardized the organization’s survival. Before being ready for it, Danielle would have to make drastic decisions to try and solve her own situation as well as her company's.
LA TASA DE CAMBIO ¿ES GERENCIABLE?
Authors: Ramírez Elbar , Cajigas Romero Margot , Lozano Reyes Fanor
Published: August 2013

The paper titled “Exchange rate: is it manageable” defines exchange rate as the price of a currency in function of another, thereby noting the influence it has on setting prices in the markets. Fixed, variable and managed exchange systems are used for guiding the exchange policies and forecasting exchange rates based on an analytical review of 10 determining factors. This tool enables administrators to forecast exchange rates and make decisions about their business operations with a management vision.
MEDICIÓN EN LEAN MANUFACTURING: RELACIONES ENTRE ACTIVIDADES LEAN Y MÉTRICAS LEAN (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Manotas Duque Diego Fernando , Rivera Cadavid Leonardo
Published: August 2013

Lean Manufacturing was developed by Toyota Motor company to address their specific needs in a restricted market in times of economic trouble. These concepts have been studied and proven to be transferrable and applicable to a wide variety of industries. This paper aims to integrate a set of metrics that have been proposed by different authors in such a way that they are consistent with the different stages and elements of Lean Manufacturing implementations. To achieve this, two frameworks for Lean implementations are presented and then the main factors for success are used as the basis to propose metrics that measure the advance in these factors. A tabular display of the impact of “Lean activities” on the metrics is presented, proposing that many a priori assumptions about the benefits on many different levels of improvement should be accurate. Finally, some ideas for future research and extension of the applications proposed on this paper are presented as closing points.
EMPAREJAMIENTO ENTRE DESEMPLEADOS Y VACANTES PARA CALI: UN ANÁLISIS CON DATOS DE PANEL
Authors: Mora John James , Santacruz José Alfonso
Published: August 2013

This paper discusses the process of matching job openings and unemployed individuals in the city of Santiago de Cali using panel data from 1994 to 2000 and data from the Public Service of Employment of SENA.  The results show increasing returns in the matching function with regard to the performance areas under the coding used by the National Classification of Occupations.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. LANZAMIENTO DE SUPERMERCADOS CHEAP EN VENEZUELA
Authors: Colmenares D. Oscar A. , Saavedra José Luis
Published: August 2013

The present case of study rises in the context of food retail distribution in Venezuela in 2005-2007 years, which had shown diverse mutations and changes due to socioeconomic conditions of the country and the global trends. The international chain of Supermarkets Cheap, of Thai origin, is a retail distribution company of products of massive consumption. Cheap was interested in launching commercial operations in Latin America and they took Venezuela as a pilot country. For it, they want to develop a net of shops with brand and own concept adapted to the characteristics and requirements of the local market. In this respect, it must diagnose the business scene, analyze the current market and design a plan of action to achieve their aims.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. RESTRUCTURACIÓN A TRES BANDAS
Authors: López Avila César Omar , Turbay Varona María Virginia , Zúñiga Molano César Augusto , Zapata Trujillo Federico
Published: August 2013

Te case describes the situation ICOBANDAS S. A., a Colombian Company, founded in 1973, producer and seller of transporting and transmission bands, the company is well known for the excellent quality of their products and technical assistance, raising good recognition and participation in the domestic and Latin America market, the firm is suffers by various factors in the nineties, takes a great pushing it to a signing of an agreement Corporate Restructuring, as a unique alternative. For analysts, an agreement Restructuring (Law 550/99) not be the salvation of any organization if not combined with different management tools, the case leaves the reader the task of conducting a comprehensive analysis (macroeconomic, financial, administrative, logistical, human capital, among others) to raise the strategy leading to submit a solution that minimizes the risk and benefits stake holders.
STOCK SPLITS EN LA BOLSA DE VALORES DE LIMA: ¿AFECTAN EL RENDIMIENTO Y LA LIQUIDEZ DE LOS TÍTULOS?
Authors: Fuenzalida Darcy , Mongrut Montalvan Samuel , Nash Mauricio
Published: August 2013

In well-developed capital markets there is evidence of positive abnormal returns and increased stock liquidity around the announcement date of a stock split. The first phenomenon is due to the fact that a stock split is associated with a forthcoming dividend distribution, while the increased stock liquidity is explained by a diminution in the stock price. In this work, the event study methodology is used in order to verify both phenomenons in a 20 stock splits sample that were accomplished during 1994-2004 years at the Lima Stock Exchange. In contrast with previous studies, it is not found a positive abnormal return associated with the studied stock splits, but it is found an increase in stock liquidity in the days following the stock splits. The results indicate that stock splits do not seem to carry valuable information to the market. This is consistent with the lack of a firm dividend policy in Peru and with an overwhelming presence of institutional investors who are better interested in liquidity and the risk of their investments.
EL CONCEPTO DE PODER Y SU INTERPRETACIÓN DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DEL PODER EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES
Authors: Garcia Vargas Óscar Humberto
Published: August 2013

Across the time, it seems that most of the attention in management thinking has been in how to administrate the organizations, in which an objective view of the reality is needed in order to understand the behavior of the company collaborators. This article pretends to offer a new point of view in which not only the realities of the management in organizations are taken into account but the power is seen as a key factor that explains the behavior of these collaborators, what leads the introduction of the commonly known concepts of the exercise of the power in the organizations. This document makes a theoretical review of the expositions realized by different recognized authors in this field, at the same time that proposes the power and its interpretation from the exercise of the power in the organization as a subject of discussion and further study.
PERCEPCIÓN DEL CRECIMIENTO Y LA DIVERSIFICACIÓN EN EMPRENDIMIENTOS BOGOTANOS: PARA REFLEXIONAR
Authors: Sepúlveda Calderón María del Pilar , Vaca Vaca Patricia , Fracica Naranjo Germán
Published: August 2013

This article has its origin in the research "The entrepreneur in Bogotá and its action". The objective of the research is to study the entrepreneur founder based in Bogota, from the dynamics of the interrelationships between the entrepreneur itself, his family, and work; all this interactions in a given context. For this study six categories are defined, but this article focuses on one: the employer’s perceptions of its business growth according to the stage where the company is located. The conclusions are interesting because it shows how the feelings, needs, perceptions and motivations of the entrepreneur are transformed with the growth of the company; each stage demands a new management style.
DIRECCIONAMIENTO ESTRATÉGICO APOYADO EN LAS TICs
Authors: Aguilera Castro Adriana , Riascos Erazo Sandra Cristina
Published: August 2013

The strategic direction should be a continuous process that supports the long-term goals mapped out within companies, a process which involves the implementation of a strategic plan that is recognized, understood and accepted by the staff responsible for implementation. In addition, this plan should take into account the company as a whole and its relationship with the environment, in this regard support the information technology and communications is vital. The objective of this research and the main expected result is to identify the ICT tools that support the strategic management process; in this sense the methodology meets the criteria for basic research as a first theoretical approach.
CONOCIMIENTO E INNOVACIÓN EN LOS PROCESOS DE TRANSFORMACIÓN ORGANIZACIONAL: EL CASO DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES BANCARIAS EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Murillo Vargas Guillermo
Published: August 2013

This article reviews the knowledge and innovation of organizational transformation processes in the banking system in Colombia and their impact on work practices and new forms of sector grouping. It starts from a conceptual review of knowledge and innovation, and discusses a wide range of issues from philosophical to economic and administration issues. Then it deals with the main aspects that have had an impact on the financial sector in Colombia, considering theoretical concepts and discussing the characteristics of creativity and innovation, national innovation systems, and lastly, organizational transformation processes in the financial sector in Colombia. Conclusions are discussed in the light of organizational transformations, including a series of recommendations.
SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE GESTIÓN PARA EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS
Authors: López Rodríguez Alba Ligia
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study of a theoretical and practical reference framework (first and second stages) to accomplish the research objective in the third stage, which involves devising an approach for an Integrated Management System for Tourism Companies. The approach is focused on SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) which are linked with the production chain as a strategy that contributes to the development and sustainability of a world-class tourist destination. The project is discussed using the descriptive method. It starts with an analysis of the public policy of the Colombian government, studies and experiences in foreign countries, guidelines issued by international organizations, and a study conducted in two different tourist destinations.
¿QUÉ TAN BUENOS SON LOS PATRONES DEL IGBC PARA PREDECIR SU COMPORTAMIENTO? UNA APLICACIÓN CON DATOS DE ALTA FRECUENCIA
Authors: Alonso Cifuentes Julio César , García Juan Carlos
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the usefulness of performance trends for forecasting the future performance of the IGBC (Colombian exchange market index). To this end, 18 different specifications of the GARCH-M model and high frequency data were used. The models in review considered the leverage, day-of-the-week, hour-of-the-day, and day-hour effects. 115 different forecasts for the next 10 minutes were assessed for each of the 18 models, using descriptive statistics and the Granger's and Newbold (1977) and Diebold's and Mariano (1995) tests. The best model was found to be the one that does not consider the day-hour effect on the mean or the variance
DIVIDENDOS POTENCIALES Y FLUJOS DE CAJA REALES EN VALORACIÓN. UN ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Vélez Pareja Ignacio , Magni Carlo Alberto
Published: August 2013

Practitioners and most academics in valuation include changes in liquid assets (potential dividends) in the cash flows. This widespread and wrong practice is inconsistent with basic finance theory. We present economic, theoretical, and empirical arguments to support the thesis. Economic arguments underline that only flows of cash should be considered for valuation; theoretical arguments show how potential dividends lead to contradiction and to arbitrage losses. Empirical arguments, from recent studies, suggest that investors discount potential dividends with high discount rates, which means that changes in liquid assets are not value drivers. Hence, when valuing cash flows, we should consider only actual payments.
VALORACIÓN POR LOS ANALISTAS FINANCIEROS DE LA INFORMACIÓN DE LAS EMPRESAS DIVULGADA A TRAVÉS DE INTERNET
Authors: Alonso Almeida María del Mar
Published: August 2013

Financial analysts are responsible for conducting a thorough detailed review of a company in order to get a real accurate picture of the value of the company. The use of Internet technology enables companies to make a large amount of information available to anyone who is interested anywhere in the world at a low cost. Yet not all information has the same relevance when it comes to company valuation. This article analyzes and demonstrates the value of information made available to financial analysts on the Internet using a Delphi analysis. As a result an index was obtained which measures usefulness of information.
INFLUENCIA DE LA DEUDA CON EL PUBLICO Y LA CONCENTRACIÓN DE LA PROPIEDAD EN LA TRANSPARENCIA DEL MERCADO DE CAPITALES CHILENO
Authors: Azúa Álvarez Digna , Pizarro Torres Verónica , Silva Palavecinos Berta , Diaz Riffo Paola
Published: August 2013

This study examines the impact of debt in bonds and the concentration of ownership on the transparency of information in Chilean companies. The suggested hypotheses point out that the debt in bonds and the concentration of ownership should have a significant effect on the transparency of information. To prove these hypotheses, an econometric model was used based on information made available by Chilean corporations showing debt in bonds from 2001 to 2005.  The results show that only the variables related to the concentration of ownership behave as expected.
¿CÓMO SON LOS CONSUMIDORES DEL MERCADO DE LAS MAYORÍAS EN VENEZUELA? : UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL PERFIL PSICOGRÁFICO
Authors: Puente Castro Raquel , López Di Blasi Sabina
Published: August 2013

This investigation thoroughly dis­cusses a profile of low-income con­sumers based on an understanding of their environment, everyday life, values, aspirations, and the dynamics of their purchasing and consumption habits. An ethnographic study of households was conducted in which sixty eight interviews were carried out among consumers at low socio­economic levels in Venezuela. The main findings underline the fact that there are differences that would al­low segmentation of these consumers into two groups - “I’m not doing bad and I’m improving” and “I’m not do­ing well, and I can’t see a way out of this”. Despite these differences, both groups share important similarities in relation to such values as family, solidarity, and honesty, and the con­viction that success comes through education and work
ASOCIACIÓN SIGNIFICATIVA ENTRE LOS MODOS DE CONVERSIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO Y LOS MODELOS DE DECISIÓN EN LAS MIPYMES DE CALI-COLOMBIA
Authors: González González Patricia
Published: August 2013

The article seeks to determine the degree of significant existing asso­ciations between the generation of knowledge regarding tacit-explicit knowledge conversion and rational, political, and anarchic process-based decision-making models. To this end, a survey was conducted among 270 managers of micro, small, or medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) registered with the Cali Chamber of Commerce. The methodology involved using a chi-square test to establish associa­tion levels based on an analysis of dichotomous contingency tables. The results obtained made it possible to conclude that there are significant as­sociations between the conversion of knowledge and decision-making mod­els in the companies under review.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. LLEGÓ LA ESCASEZ Y MANDÓ A PARAR
Authors: López Andrés , Restrepo Neira Davidia , De la Cruz Wilson Yhovanni , Orrego Ortiz Sigifredo
Published: August 2013

The primary objective of this case study is to discuss how a company can address environmental concerns raised by regional environmental regulatory authorities using a stra­tegic plan based on ecoefficiency and industrial ecology for the purpose of ensuring the future sustainable de­velopment of the company. It places emphasis on the fact that, despite be­ing the most important tactical asset in the operations of most companies, water resources are ignored and seen as inexhaustible. It is intended as a wake-up call for top management of­ficials to realize that there is a need for a conceptual change because en­vironmental department managers in many companies do not receive the necessary support for implementing new environmentally friendly tech­nologies.
GESTIÓN POR COMPETENCIAS EN INSTITUCIONES SANITARIAS: CLAVES DE LA DIRECCIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA (ESPAÑA)
Authors: Vivas López Salvador , Fernández Guerrero Rafael
Published: August 2013

This work is aimed at analyzing the key factors to personnel manage­ment at complex organizations, such as healthcare institutions, which provide public services. To this end, it employs one of the newest develop­ments in the field of human resource management as a theoretical frame­work, namely, competency-based management. It is also intended to shed light on the application of these personnel management proposals to organizations in the healthcare sys­tem in Valencia. It used a research methodology based on an in-depth review of various cases of both public and private hospitals in the com­munity of Valencia, Spain, in order to create new theoretical constructs in this field.
OTRA CIUDAD DETRÁS DE LA LADERA: ESTUDIO SOBRE UN PROGRAMA SOCIOECONÓMICO DE LA FUNDACIÓN CARVAJAL EN CALI
Authors: Barón Porras Luis Fernando , Otálora Sevilla Lady Maritza , Loaiza Quintero Luis Alfredo
Published: August 2013

This article presents the develop­ments of an intervention program in the mountain slope area surrounding Cali. The program was designed and executed based on the development and knowledge of the community on the part of the Carvajal Founda­tion. The concepts of social capital and empowerment were used for demonstrating new local and urban development processes and their contribution to a new idea of city in Cali. The program was assessed using methodologies developed by the Inter American Institute for Social Development and Forum Solint. The document provides tools for: dealing with the establishment of new human settlements in the city; designing development strategies; and for for­mulating and implementing public policies for territorial zoning and citizen participation.
MARCAS DE EXPERIENCIA: MARCANDO LA DIFERENCIA
Authors: Fernández Sabiote Estela , Delgado Ballester María Elena
Published: August 2013

In a race to differentiate their offeringsfrom those of others, companiesare now focusing on creating customer experiences. This has led toa new broader vision of branding, which leads to a more experiential lway of marketing brands. The objectiveof this research is to provide empirical evidence of the importanceof companies having an experiential brand. Based on the study by Brakus Schmitt y Zarantonello (2009), their brand experience scale was adapted to the context of consumption in Spain and Spanish brands. To this end, a questionnaire was used for gathering 278 observations of 15 different brands in 11 product categories. This research study shows that, in comparison to less experiential brands, those brands perceived as more experiential are related to higher levels of brand equity, customer-brand identification, and word of mouth.
METODOLOGÍA PARA DETERMINAR LA CAPACIDAD INSTALADA EN UN PROGRAMA ACADÉMICO (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Manyoma Velásquez Pablo César , Orejuela Cabrera Juan Pablo , Gil González Cristiam Andrés
Published: August 2013

Measuring capacity is a major problem, especially in service organizations because of its complexity and the lack of research on this topic at these kinds of organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss a methodology for measuring the capacity of an university by focusing on an academic unit. To this end, this research study determines the available capacity of an academic program and the use of resources by a typical student, and then the relation between these two aspects. The proposal is validated for an undergraduate program, generating a fairly good estimate of the number of students who can be served at any given time.
HERRAMIENTA DE ANÁLISIS MULTI-CRITERIO COMO SOPORTE PARA EL DISEÑO DEL PROGRAMA SOCIAL DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
Authors: Galarza Molina Sandra Lorena , Torres Andrés , Méndez Fajardo Sandra , Pérez Muzuzu Blanca Cecilia
Published: August 2013

This document aims to develop a multi-criteria analysis tool as support for the selection of the target community of the social outreach program (PROSOFI, because of its Spanish acronym) of the School of Engineering at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá (PUJB). This tool uses multi-criteria analysis (MCA) based on decision models that provide different possible solutions. For evaluating each of the multiple alternatives (19 urban districts and 2 towns), seven criteria were proposed, including, location, marginality, and unsatisfied basic needs, among others. Both alternatives and weighting factors were defined based on the participatory work of the School. The results show that communities which are most likely to be selected are Usme and Ciudad Bolivar.
Estudio de los gastos de I+D: un análisis empírico en el sector del automóvil
Authors: Duarte Atoche Teresa , Pérez López José Ángel , Camúñez Ruiz José Antonio
Published: August 2013

La diferencia existente entre la información económico-financiera que divulgan las empresas y las necesidades informativas de los usuarios, han sido motivo de preocupación e interés creciente en el ámbito académico. La mayoría de las investigaciones sostienen que dicha diferencia viene explicada en gran medida por los activos intangibles desarrollados internamente, entre ellos los gastos de I+D. Actualmente sigue teniendo gran interés pues los organismos emisores de normas internacionales se encuentran en un proceso de armonización, en aras de revestir de utilidad de los actuales sistemas contables. El presente trabajo de investigación trata de contrastar la relevancia y fiabilidad de la información sobre I+D, para ello, emplea, como función base, el modelo de Ohlson (1995). Los resultados rechazan la relevancia de los gastos de I+D corriente para valorar a las compañías cotizadas
Canales de distribución y estrategias de comercialización para la flor colombiana en los Estados Unidos: un marco conceptual
Authors: Salom Serna Luis Felipe , Sepúlveda Calderón María del Pilar
Published: August 2013

El floricultor colombiano no puede desconocer los cambios en tendencias de consumo ni la consolidación del canal retail en su mercado principal, USA. El cuál generará un alto impacto en las características del negocio y el papel de los jugadores en la cadena de suministros. El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio utilizando casos múltiples, es presentar un marco de oportunidades para fortalecer la comercialización de la flor y estructurar canales de distribución acordes a las necesidades del consumidor norteamericano y a los cambios en los hábitos de compra. Las conclusiones, proponen las acciones a emprender por las empresas floricultoras estudiadas a fin de incrementar su competitividad y resolver su dilema actual: contraer oferta para mejorar el precio de venta o incrementar demanda.
Wavepackets in the velocity field of turbulent jets
Authors: Cavalieri André V. G. , Rodríguez Daniel , Jordan Peter , Colonius Tim , Gervais Yves
Published: August 2013

We study the velocity fields of unforced, high Reynolds number, subsonic jets, issuing from round nozzles with turbulent boundary layers. The objective of the study is to educe wavepackets in such flows and to explore their relationship with the radiated sound. The velocity field is measured using a hot-wire anemometer and a stereoscopic, time-resolved PIV system. The field can be decomposed into frequency and azimuthal Fourier modes. The low-angle sound radiation is measured synchronously with a microphone ring array. Consistent with previous observations, the azimuthal wavenumber spectra of the velocity and acoustic pressure fields are distinct. The velocity spectrum of the initial mixing layer exhibits a peak at azimuthal wavenumbers $m$ ranging from 4 to 11, and the peak is found to scale with the local momentum thickness of the mixing layer. The acoustic pressure field is, on the other hand, predominantly axisymmetric, suggesting an increased relative acoustic efficiency of the axisymmetric mode of the velocity field, a characteristic that can be shown theoretically to be caused by the radial compactness of the sound source. This is confirmed by significant correlations, as high as 10 %, between the axisymmetric modes of the velocity and acoustic pressure fields, these values being significantly higher than those reported for two-point flow–acoustic correlations in subsonic jets. The axisymmetric and first helical modes of the velocity field are then compared with solutions of linear parabolized stability equations (PSE) to ascertain if these modes correspond to linear wavepackets. For all but the lowest frequencies close agreement is obtained for the spatial amplification, up to the end of the potential core. The radial shapes of the linear PSE solutions also agree with the experimental results over the same region. The results suggests that, despite the broadband character of the turbulence, the evolution of Strouhal numbers $0. 3\leq St\leq 0. 9$ and azimuthal modes 0 and 1 can be modelled as linear wavepackets, and these are associated with the sound radiated to low polar angles.
Writing, printing, speaking: Rhesus blood-group genetics and nomenclatures in the mid-twentieth century
Authors: BANGHAM JENNY
Published: August 2013

In the 1940s and 1950s, British and American journals published a flood of papers by doctors, pathologists, geneticists and anthropologists debating the virtues of two competing nomenclatures used to denote the Rhesus blood groups. Accounts of this prolonged and often bitter episode have tended to focus on the main protagonists' personalities and theoretical commitments. Here I take a different approach and use the literature generated by the dispute to recover the practical and epistemic functions of nomenclatures in genetics. Drawing on recent work that views inscriptions as part of the material culture of science, I use the Rhesus controversy to think about the ways in which geneticists visualized and negotiated their objects of research, and how they communicated and collaborated with workers in other settings. Extending recent studies of relations between different media, I consider the material forms of nomenclatures, as they were jotted in notebooks, printed in journals, scribbled on blackboards and spoken out loud. The competing Rhesus nomenclatures had different virtues as they were expressed in different media and made to embody commitments to laboratory practices. In exploring the varied practical and epistemic qualities of nomenclatures I also suggest a new understanding of the Rhesus controversy itself.