bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indole-3-Carbinol: Occurrence, Health-Beneficial Properties, and Cellular/Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Amarakoon Darshika , Lee Wu-Joo , Tamia Gillian , Lee Seong-Ho
Published: March 2023

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a bioactive phytochemical abundant in cruciferous vegetables. One of its main in vivo metabolites is 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), formed by the condensation of two molecules of I3C. Both I3C and DIM alter multiple signaling pathways and related molecules controlling diverse cellular events, including oxidation, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunity. There is a growing body of evidence from both in vitro and in vivo models that these compounds possess strong potential to prevent several forms of chronic disease such as inflammation, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, and osteoporosis. This article reviews current knowledge of the occurrence of I3C in nature and foods, along with the beneficial effects of I3C and DIM concerning prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases, focusing on preclinical studies and their mechanisms of action at cellular and molecular levels.
Banff 2016 Global Assessment and Quantitative Scoring for T Cell-Mediated Liver Transplant Rejection are Interchangeable
Authors: Eghtedari Maryam , McKenzie Catriona , Tang Lauren C. Y. , Majumdar Avik , Kench James G.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Histopathological assessment of liver biopsies is the current “gold standard” for diagnosing graft dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT), as graft dysfunction can have nonspecific clinical presentations and inconsistent patterns of liver biochemical dysfunction. Most commonly, post-LT, graft dysfunction within the first year, is due to acute T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) which is characterised histologically by the degree of portal inflammation (PI), bile duct damage (BDD), and venous endothelial inflammation (VEI). This study aimed to establish the relationship between global assessment, which is the global grading of rejection using a “gestalt” approach, and the rejection activity index (RAI) of each component of TCMR as described in revised Banff 2016 guidelines. Methods. Liver biopsies (n = 90) taken from patients who underwent LT in 2015 and 2016 at the Australian National Liver Transplant Unit were identified from the electronic medical records. All biopsy slides were microscopically graded by at least two assessors independently using the revised 2016 Banff criteria. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS v21. A Fisher–Freeman–Halton test was performed to assess the correlation between the global assessment and the RAI scores for each TCMR biopsy. Results. Within the cohort, 60 (37%, n = 164) patients underwent at least 1 biopsy within 12 months after LT. The most common biopsy outcome (total n = 90) was acute TCMR (64, 71.1%). Global assessment of TCMR slides strongly positively correlated with PI (

p

value <0.001), BDD (

p

value <0.001), VEI (

p

value <0.001), and total RAI (

p

value <0.001). Liver biochemistry of patients with TCMR significantly improved within 4 to 6 weeks post-biopsy compared to the day of the biopsy. Conclusion. In acute TCMR, global assessment and total RAI are strongly correlated and can be used interchangeably to describe the severity of TCMR.
Intussusception in a 4-Year-Old Male Due to Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Al-Taher Raed , Alabadla Abdallah , Al-Halaseh Salameh , Saleh Ghasaq
Published: March 2023

Intussusception is the invagination of a proximal bowel segment into a distal segment causing bowel obstruction, especially in children. In some cases, it can be caused by a pathological lead point, such as Burkitt lymphoma. Burkitt lymphoma has several patterns of clinical presentations, such as jaw or facial bone tumor in the endemic form, in contrast to an abdominal presentation most often with massive disease and ascites. We describe a case of a 4-year-old male who presented bowel obstruction. Using X-ray and ultrasound findings, ileocecal intussusception was then diagnosed. Resection and anastomosis was performed after multiple trials of failed hydrostatic reduction. On the pathology report of the resected segment, Burkitt lymphoma was found to be the cause and chemotherapy was initiated. The patient is doing well and is following up every 6 months for 2 years. A pathological lead point, especially Burkitt lymphoma, should be suspected in patients with failed conservative treatment, and prompt diagnosis of the pathology should be performed to prevent further sequela of the disease.
The Oxidative Stability of Chia Seed Oil Enriched with Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Extracts
Authors: Kiani Aliabadi Fatemeh , Ahmadi Dastgerdi Asiye , Tabatabaeian Nimavard Javad
Published: March 2023

Oxidative stability of chia seed oil enriched with oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium) extracts at different concentrations (600, 1200, and 1800 ppm) was evaluated under accelerated oxidation conditions for 5 days. The total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of oregano extract were higher than the yarrow extract. With decreasing concentrations of extracts and increasing time, the oxidative stability of chia seed oil decreased significantly (

p
<
0.05

). At the first day, the acid value of chia seed oil did not show a significant difference, and the highest acid value was related to the control sample at the end of the storage period. The oil containing 1200 and 1800 ppm of oregano extract had the lowest acid, peroxide, anisidine, and Totox values. In the rancimat, the highest oxidative stability index (OSI) was shown in the sample containing 1800 ppm oregano extract, followed by yarrow extract. Our findings showed the potential of oregano and yarrow extracts by improving the oxidative stability of chia seed oil, especially at 1200 and 1800 ppm. At similar concentrations, oregano extract was more successful than yarrow extract in reducing the oxidation rate.
Properties of Univalence for a New General Integral Operator Defined as a Joint Extension of Two Known Integral Operators
Authors: Breaz Nicoleta
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we consider a new general integral operator, defined as a joint extension of two already known integral operators, and prove some univalence properties for this operator. Some other well-known operators are mentioned as particular cases of our general operator, and known results are outlined also as particular cases of our results.
A Systematic Review of Self-Management Interventions for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Iizawa Masami , Hirose Lisa , Nunotani Maya , Nakashoji Mikiko , Tairaka Ai , Fernandez Jovelle
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Previous studies have reported the effectiveness of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) self-management. However, it is unclear which types of self-management interventions are effective. We conducted a systematic literature review to clarify the status and efficacy of self-management interventions for IBD. Methods: Searches were performed in databases including Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library. Randomized, controlled studies of interventions in adult human participants with IBD involving a self-management component published in English from 2000 to 2020 were included. Studies were stratified based on study design, baseline demographic characteristics, methodological quality, and how outcomes were measured and analyzed for statistically significant improvements in outcomes, such as psychological health, quality of life, and healthcare resource usage. Results: Among 50 studies included, 31 considered patients with IBD and 14 and 5 focused on patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, respectively. Improvements in an outcome were reported in 33 (66%) studies. Most of the interventions that significantly improved an outcome index were based on symptom management and many of these were also delivered in combination with provision of information. We also note that among effective interventions, many were conducted with individualized and patient-participatory activities, and multidisciplinary healthcare practitioners were responsible for delivery of the interventions. Conclusion: Ongoing interventions that focus on symptom management with provision of information may support self-management behavior in patients with IBD. A participatory intervention targeting individuals was suggested to be an effective intervention method.
Air versus Gas Tamponade for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Hung-Ju , Tsai Yu-Lin , Hsiao Chung-Hao , Chang Chia-Jen
Published: March 2023

Background: Air tamponade’s effectiveness in treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to review the surgical outcomes between air and gas tamponade after vitrectomy for RRD. Method: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were reviewed. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42022342284). The primary outcome was the primary anatomical success after vitrectomy. The secondary outcome was the prevalence of postoperative ocular hypertension. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Results: Ten studies involving 2,677 eyes were included. One study was randomized, and the others were non-randomized. The primary anatomical success after vitrectomy was not significantly different between the air and gas groups (odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–1.48). The risk of ocular hypertension was significantly lower in the air group (OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.09–0.24). The certainty of evidence regarding air tamponade having a comparable anatomical outcome and lower frequency of postoperative ocular hypertension in treatment of RRD were low. Discussion: The current evidence base for tamponade selection in treatment of RRD has several major limitations. Further appropriately designed studies are needed to guide tamponade selection.
Urea Reduction in Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality Risk
Authors: Chávez-Íñiguez Jonathan S. , Maggiani-Aguilera Pablo , González-Barajas David , Rizo-Topete Lilia , Galindo Pablo , Rifkin Brian , Chávez-Alonso Gael , Martínez-Aguilar Alma I. , Pérez-Hernández Cristina , Hernández-Morales Karla , Camacho-Guerrero Jahir R. , Pérez-Venegas Miguel A. , Oseguera-González Alexa N. , Murguia-Soto Cesar , Navarro-Blackaller Guillermo , Medina-González Ramón , Alcantar-Vallin Luz , Renoirte-López Karina , García-García Guillermo
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Urea is a toxin present in acute kidney injury (AKI). We hypothesize that reduction in serum urea levels might improve clinical outcomes. We examined the association between the reduction in urea and mortality. Methods: Patients with AKI admitted to the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. We create 4 groups of urea reduction ratio (UXR) stratified by their decrease in urea from the highest index value in comparison to the value on day 10 (0%, 1–25%, 26–50%, and >50%), or at the time of death or discharge if prior to 10 days. Our primary endpoint was to observe the association between UXR and mortality. Secondary observations included determination of which types of patients achieved a UXR >50%, whether the modality of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) effected changes in UXR, and if serum creatinine (sCr) value changes were similarly associated with patient mortality. Results: A total of 651 AKI patients were enrolled. The mean age was 54.1 years, and 58.6% were male. AKI 3 was present in 58.5%; the mean admission urea was 154 mg/dL. KRT was started in 32.4%, and 18.9% died. A trend toward decreased risk of death was observed in association with the magnitude of UXR. The best survival (94.3%) was observed in patients with a UXR >50%, and the highest mortality (72.1%) was observed in patients achieving a UXR of 0%. After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, CKD, antibiotics, sepsis, hypovolemia, cardio-renal syndrome, shock, and AKI stage, the 10-day mortality was higher in groups that did not achieve a UXR of at least 25% (OR: 1.20). Patients achieving a UXR >50% were most likely initiated on dialysis due to a diagnosis of the uremic syndrome or had a diagnosis of obstructive nephropathy. Percentage change in sCr was also associated with increased mortality risk. Conclusions: In our retrospective cohort of AKI patients, the percent decrease in UXR from admission was associated with a stratified risk of death. Patients with a UXR >25% had the best associated outcomes. Overall, a greater magnitude in UXR was associated with improved patient survival.
Evolution of Local Circuit Neurons in Two Sensory Thalamic Nuclei in Amniotes
Authors: Pritz Michael B.
Published: March 2023

Local circuit neurons are present in the thalamus of all vertebrates where they are considered inhibitory. They play an important role in computation and influence the transmission of information from the thalamus to the telencephalon. In mammals, the percentage of local circuit neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus remains relatively constant across a variety of species. In contrast, the numbers of local circuit neurons in the ventral division of the medial geniculate body in mammals vary significantly depending on the species examined. To explain these observations, the numbers of local circuit neurons were investigated by reviewing the literature on this subject in these two nuclei in mammals and their respective homologs in sauropsids and by providing additional data on a crocodilian. Local circuit neurons are present in the dorsal geniculate nucleus of sauropsids just as is the case for this nucleus in mammals. However, sauropsids lack local circuits neurons in the auditory thalamic nuclei homologous to the ventral division of the medial geniculate body. A cladistic analysis of these results suggests that differences in the numbers of local circuit neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of amniotes reflect an elaboration of these local circuit neurons as a result of evolution from a common ancestor. In contrast, the numbers of local circuit neurons in the ventral division of the medial geniculate body changed independently in several mammalian lineages.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Parenchymal Hematoma in Ischemic Stroke Patients after Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Zhang Xiaohao , Gong Pengyu , Chen Shuaiyu , Wan Ting , Wang Xiaoke , Wang Meng , Zhou Junshan , Xie Yi , Jiang Teng
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) may result in parenchymal injury and therefore worsen the outcomes of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine whether ED could predict parenchymal hematoma (PH) in ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods: Patients with large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation and treated with EVT were prospectively enrolled from 2 stroke centers. Serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, soluble E-selectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were tested and summed to a standardized score to reflect the levels of ED. PH was diagnosed according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Results: Of the 325 enrolled patients (mean age, 68.6 years; 207 men), 41 (12.6%) developed PH. Patients with PH had higher concentrations of soluble E-selectin, vWF, and ED sum score. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, pretreatment Alberta stroke program early computed tomography score, and other potential confounders, the increased ED burden was associated with PH (odds ratio, 1.432; 95% confidence interval, 1.031−1.988; p = 0.032). Similar significant results were found in the sensitivity analysis. The multiple-adjusted spline regression model showed a linear association between the total ED score and PH (p = 0.001 for linearity). Adding the ED score to the conventional model significantly improved the risk prediction of PH (net reclassification improvement = 25.2%, p = 0.001; integrated discrimination index = 2.9%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that ED might be related to PH. Introducing the ED score could increase the reliability of the PH risk model for stroke patients treated with EVT.
Colour image steganography through channel transformation approach
Authors: Neginal Jyoti , Fatima Ruksar
Published: March 2023

The interest in information security strategies is expanding due the quick expansion in the use of media content and transmission over the web employments. Accordingly, there is a need of special embedding procedure for steganography. The creator presents an original reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithm for colour pictures that further develops the inserting execution by applying a channel transformation function and a versatile expectation blunder extension prediction error expansion structure. The proposed calculation will bring the first colour picture with no information misfortune from the inserted picture (which is unique in addition to target picture). The evaluation is done here at the zero for the given base place for the histogram that marginally changes the pixel esteems for inserting the information. It can insert more information when contrasted with the majority of the current data hiding calculations. A hypothetical confirmation and various examinations state that the embedding capability of the proposed model which consistently is further noteworthy in comparison with other reversible data hiding techniques. The calculation has been applied to a wide scope of various colour pictures effectively. Some exploratory outcomes are introduced to show the legitimacy of the calculation.
Early prediction of diabetes diagnosis using hybrid classification techniques
Authors: Srinivasan Lakshmi , Verma Reshma , Dakshinamurthy Nandeesh Mysore
Published: March 2023

Diabetes can be mentioned as one of the most lethal and constant sicknesses that may cause an arise in the glucose levels. Design and development of performance efficient diagnosis tool is important and plays a vigorous role in initial prediction of disease and help medical experts to start with suitable treatment or medication. The insulin produced by pancreases in the subject’s body will be affected leading to several dysfunctionalities to various body organs such as kidney, heart eyes and nervous system with their normal functionalities. Hence, preliminary stage detection with proper care and medication could reduce the risk of these problems. In the area of medicine to discover patient’s data as well as to attain a predictive model or a set of rules, classification techniques have been continuously used. This study helped diagnose diabetes by selecting three important artificial intelligence techniques namely the optimal decision tree algorithm model, Type-2 fuzzy expert system and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system which is modified. In the present research work, a hybrid model is proposed in order to improve the classification prediction and accuracy. The Pima Indian diabetes dataset from machine learning repository dataset was used to carry out validation and predication of the model accuracy.
Face mask detection and counting using you only look once algorithm with Jetson Nano and NVDIA giga texel shader extreme
Authors: Fahd Al-Selwi Hatem , Hassan Nawaid , Ab Ghani Hadhrami Bin , Binti Amir Hamzah Nur Asyiqin , Bin Abd. Aziz Azlan
Published: March 2023

Deep learning and machine learning are becoming more extensively adopted artificial intelligence techniques for machine vision problems in everyday life, giving rise to new capabilities in every sector of technology. It has a wide range of applications, ranging from autonomous driving to medical and health monitoring. For image detection, the best reported approach is the you only look once (YOLO) algorithm, which is the faster and more accurate version of the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. In the healthcare domain, YOLO can be applied for checking the face mask wearing of the people, especially in a public area or before entering any closed space such as a building to avoid the spread of the air-borne disease such as COVID-19. The main challenges are the image datasets, which are unstructured and may grow large, affecting the accuracy and speed of the detection. Secondly is the portability of the detection devices, which are generally dependent on the more portable like NVDIA Jetson Nano or from the existing computer/laptop. Using the low-power NVDIA Jetson Nano system as well as NVDIA giga texel shader extreme (GTX), this paper aims to design and implement real-time face mask wearing detection using the pre-trained dataset as well as the real-time data.
Memory aware optimized Hadoop MapReduce model in cloud computing environment
Authors: Sontakke Vaishali , R. B. Dayananda
Published: March 2023

In the last decade, data analysis has become one of the popular tasks due to enormous growth in data every minute through different applications and instruments. MapReduce is the most popular programming model for data processing. Hadoop constitutes two basic models i.e., Hadoop file system (HDFS) and MapReduce, Hadoop is used for processing a huge amount of data whereas MapReduce is used for data processing. Hadoop MapReduce is one of the best platforms for processing huge data in an efficient manner such as processing web logs data. However, existing model This research work proposes memory aware optimized Hadoop MapReduce (MA-OHMR). MA-OHMR is developed considering memory as the constraint and prioritizes memory allocation and revocation in mapping, shuffling, and reducing, this further enhances the job of mapping and reducing. Optimal memory management and I/O operation are carried out to use the resource inefficiently manner. The model utilizes the global memory management to avoid garbage collection and MA-OHMR is optimized on the makespan front to reduce the same. MA-OHMR is evaluated considering two datasets i.e., simple workload of Wikipedia dataset and complex workload of sensor dataset considering makespan and cost as an evaluation parameter.
Deep learning based slope erosion detection
Authors: Esquina Limão Caio Henrique , Alves de Araújo Thabatta Moreira , Lisboa Frances Carlos Renato
Published: March 2023

Being increasingly present at the most diverse structure health monitoring (SHM) scenarios, many high-performance artificial intelligence techniques have been able to solve structural analysis problems. When it comes to image classification solutions, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) deliver the best results. This scenario encourages us to explore machine learning techniques, such as computer vision, and merge it with different technologies to achieve the best performance. This paper proposes a custom CNN architecture trained with slope erosion images that showed satisfactory results with an accuracy of 96.67%, enabling a precise and improved identification of instability indicators. These instabilities, when detected in advance, prevent disasters and enable proper maintenance to be carried out, given that its integrity directly affects structures built around and above it.
Discrete separation of patients’ profiles for chronical obstructive pulmonary disease context-aware healthcare efficient systems
Authors: Mcheick Hamid , Diab Farah
Published: March 2023

According to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are shortness of breath, coughing, and sputum production. Many studies estimate that COPD will become the third-leading cause of death worldwide by 2030 (WHO,2008). Pervasive healthcare systems cover healthcare issues, including chronic diseases; they help patients to manage their own health information and healthcare services at any time and in any place. We developed a COPD healthcare system based on a combination of the parameters of patients. The main goal is to avoid the severe phases of the disease by monitoring them. This combination of risk factors provides in total 600 profiles from data, with 88.5% accuracy. However, many studies have focused on and shown the issues of the effectiveness and accuracy of these systems. The problem is to i apply a new classification model to detect the severe phases of the disease early. Therefore, Instead of working on COPD parameters, we design and validate a profile-based classification model of patients. This model will facilitate the building of a rule-based framework. In addition, the accuracy of our extended COPD system is improved using the classification and separation of patients’ profiles.
Definiendo la comunicación organizacional desde el Sur: en búsqueda de perspectivas latinoamericanas
Authors: Donoso Consuelo Vásquez , Velásquez Lissette Marroquín , Ojeda Griselda Guillén , Robles María de Jesus Montoya , Lima Gabriela Rabello de
Published: March 2023

Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es retratar el campo de la comunicación organizacional latinoamericana. Para eso, adoptamos una perspectiva ascendente y situada que considera las percepciones y realidades vividas por las personas investigadoras latinoamericanas, especialistas en comunicación organizacional. El estudio se basa en una encuesta realizada a personas investigadoras de 14 países de América Latina. Se enfoca en las definiciones de comunicación organizacional y el posicionamiento de estas personas académicas con respecto a la existencia de perspectivas latinoamericanas de la comunicación organizacional.
A Mulher Preta com Deficiência: impactos da intersecção
Authors: Menezes Shirley Aparecida Rocha
Published: March 2023

Este artigo busca compreender as intersecções da mulher preta com deficiência no mercado de trabalho, por meio da metodologia crítico-metodológica baseada na interseccionalidade e em vivências no mercado de trabalho de pessoas com deficiência em perspectiva interseccional racial. A Lei de Cotas completou 31 anos em 2022, o que traz à tona a reflexão sobre sua aplicação no Brasil, em especial com intersecções entre raça, gênero e deficiência. É notável a escassez de estudos sobre a temática, o que evidencia que as “minorias” são invisibilizadas para manutenção de poder e controle social.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BANKİNG SYSTEM LIBERALITY LEVEL
Authors: SULTANOV Orhan
Published: March 2023

The main goal of this research is to create an economic model, more specifically an index that considers characteristics of the latest prudential innovations and changes and allows scholars and practitioners to assess the level of government intervention in the commercial banking system at the global level. Regulatory instruments that allow central banks to intervene to the monetary system and fully or partially determined by the central banks are taken as the object of the study. The subject of the research involves the assessment of government intervention or regulatory intervention in the commercial banking system. An entirely new methodology and results of comparative analysis presented so that academicians and policymakers may use or comment on further study.
The Determinants of Terrorist Listing
Authors: Lee Chia-yi , Tominaga Yasutaka
Published: March 2023

Terrorist designation has increasingly become an important counterterrorism tool used by intergovernmental organizations and state governments. This article examines the determinants of terrorist listing and argues that terrorist listing is driven by security as well as political concerns. While countries tend to designate groups that pose a greater security threat, terrorist listing can also be influenced by interstate relationships including alliance ties and state rivalry. We test these arguments using a dataset on 35 countries that currently maintain their own lists of designated terrorist organizations. Our findings show that governments are more likely to list groups that have a record of attacking their domestic interests. Domestic groups are more likely to be designated than foreign groups. Moreover, countries are more likely to designate groups that are designated by their allies, even when these groups do not pose a direct threat. Our study contributes to the literature on terrorism and more broadly international security by systematically examining the determinants of terrorist designation and explaining the heterogeneity of terrorist lists across countries.
Give My Child a Label: Strategies of Epistemic Corroboration in Case-Building within Child Mental Health Assessments
Authors: O’Reilly Michelle , Kiyimba Nikki , Lee Victoria , Hutchby Ian
Published: March 2023

Child mental health services are in rising demand, but increasingly overstretched and difficult for families to access. This article examines rhetorical techniques used by parents seeking a mental health diagnosis for their child. Using recordings of consultations from a child mental health clinic (UK) with 28 families, analysis focuses on the use of ‘epistemic corroboration’, a strategy by which third-party candidate diagnoses are reported to support the parents’ case. That is, parents draw upon the expertise of non-present professional persons to strengthen their proposed diagnostic claims. Conversation analysis shows how this epistemic corroboration is reported by parents and received by mental health practitioners. Conclusions illustrate that mental health diagnosis for children is actively pursued by parents as they navigate labelling. This has implications for understanding the dilemmas created for families of possible medicalisation of their child to achieve the levels of support being sought.
Self and Perceived Others’ Views of Aging and Their Association with Mental Health in the Second Half of Life
Authors: Palgi Yuval
Published: March 2023

This study focuses on the concepts of subjective age and subjective nearness-to-death (views-of-aging) and examines the association between individuals’ chronological age, self, and others’ perceptions of these variables and mental health. A total of 267 participants aged 40–95  M = 64.33 provided sociodemographic information and filled out scales assessing self and others’ views-of-aging, depressive symptoms, and their well-being. After controlling for covariates, age was not related to the dependent variables, whereas young/far from death self, and perceived others’ views-of-aging was related to better mental health. The interaction between young age and young/far from death perceived others’, but not self, views-of-aging was associated with lower depressive symptoms and higher well-being. Finally, the interaction between young/far from death self and perceived others’ views-of-aging was associated with lower depressive symptoms but not with well-being. These findings provide an initial glance at the complex relations between two types of personal views-of-aging and emphasize the importance of how individuals appraise others’ perceptions of their own aging process and life expectancy.
Gravity flow sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary model of the 1st member of the Tengger formation in Saihantala depression (Erlian Basin, China)
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Ren Hongyan , Zhou Hongfeng , Ji Youliang , Wu Wanglin , Zhou Yong , Tang Lin , Guo Ruijing , Yang Dongji , Pang Chuanmeng , Sun Jia , Guo Shanshan , Gao Chenxi , Ma Zhengtao , Liu Xiaoyu
Published: March 2023

Based on core, well-logging and seismic data, the gravity flow characteristics and sedimentary model of the 1st member of the Tengger formation in the eastern steep slope belt of the Sai-4 tectonic belt in the Saihantala depression (Erlian Basin, China) have been systematically studied; further, the sublacustrine fan sedimentary model in the study area has been established. The main types of gravity flow identified in the study area are sandy debris flow deposits and turbidity flow deposition. Affected by paleo-geomorphology, provenance and other factors, sublacustrine fans in the eastern steep slope zone are formed by gravity flows from different periods. The sublacustrine fan is divided into three subfacies: inner-fan, mid-fan and outer-fan. The subfacies can be subdivided into six types of microfacies: main channel, levee of main channel, distributary channel, inter-channel, levee of distributary channel and terminals. The formation of the sublacustrine fan is caused by steep slopes and triggered by earthquakes. The sedimentary model of the sublacustrine fan and its sedimentary characteristics provide a foundation for exploring and developing oil and gas in the study area.
The experiences of family members witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative in hospital: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Pettifer Annie , Hughes Sean
Published: March 2023

Background:

The optimal management of diminishing drinking at the end of life is contentious. Clinicians and family members may understand the phenomenon differently and hold divergent priorities regarding care. Family members can be distressed by diminishing drinking and its management, particularly when in a hospital environment.

Aim:

To explore the experiences of family members when witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative.

Design:

A narrative inquiry methodology, derived from pragmatism.

Setting and participants:

Thirteen recently bereaved family members were recruited through the bereavement services of three UK hospitals. Inclusion criteria included having an adult relative who died in hospital of any diagnosis more than 48 hours from admission and who had had noticeable diminishing drinking.

Findings:

Participants experienced diminishing drinking as an unfolding process that was part of overall decline. They all believed it to be detrimental. Three groups of responses were identified: promoting, accepting and ameliorating. Supportive measures included offering equipment to support drinking, staff being present and communicating about expectations and care management aims.

Conclusions:

There is potential to improve family members’ experiences through re-conceptualisation of diminishing drinking aligned to their experiences, supporting family members by listening to their experiences with insight and strengthening their agency within the management of their relatives with diminishing drinking.
Geographies of gender and sexuality I: Engaging the shift towards Southern urbanism
Authors: Tucker Andrew
Published: March 2023

Geographers working on sexuality - and specifically of relevance to this report, scholars working on non-heternormative sexualities - have come to understand the need to engage with the urban South, culminating in acknowledgement of the benefits of engagements with Southern urbanism literature. I summarise how very recent sexualities scholarship is starting to signal direct connections with some of the broader interests of Southern urbanism. Such scholarship, I argue, has more in common with some of the empirical and theoretical interests of Southern urbanism than existing interests of the geographies of sexualities literature. I also consider how such emergent scholarship can potentially enrich interests of the geographies of sexualities literature in new and exciting ways.
A Survey to Assess Primary Care Physician Awareness of Complications Following Critical Illness
Authors: Liou Ashley , Schweickert William D. , Files D. Clark , Bakhru Rita N.
Published: March 2023

Background: Survivors of critical illness are at risk for post-intensive care syndrome (PICS, comprised of physical dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress). Their family members and caregivers are at risk for PICS-F (PICS-family, comprised of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress). PICS and PICS-F are increasingly recognized in critical care; however, the awareness among primary providers of the domains and the terms of PICS/PICS-F is unknown. Objectives: To determine current practice patterns and knowledge among primary care physicians in regards to patients recovering from critical illness; to determine barriers to care of post-critically ill patients. Methods: A paper and electronic survey were developed and randomly distributed to a subset of North Carolina primary care physicians. Survey questions consisted of the following domains: demographics, current practice, barriers to providing care, knowledge of common issues/complications following critical illness, and interest in changing care for survivors of critical illness. Results: One hundred and ninety-six surveys were delivered and 77 completed surveys (39% response rate) were analyzed. Respondents confirmed significant barriers to care of post-critically ill patients including lack of awareness of PICS/PICS-F terminology, insufficient time to spend with patients, and inadequate education of patients/families about recovery after critical illness. Fifty-seven percent of respondents thought a specialized transitional post-ICU clinic would be helpful. Sixty-two percent reported feeling comfortable caring for patients after a critical illness and 75% felt they were aware of common problems encountered after critical illness. However, 84% also thought more education about PICS/PICS-F would be helpful as would a list of common problems seen after critical illness (91%). Conclusions: Significant gaps and barriers to providing optimal post-ICU care by PCPs exist. Providers identified time constraints and educational gaps as domains needing attention. Dedicated post-ICU clinics might provide a bridge to transition care post-critical illness back to primary care providers.
Development and psychometric assessment of self-reported patient medication safety scale (SR-PMSS)
Authors: Qin Ning , Duan Yinglong , Shi Shuangjiao , Li Xiao , Liu Haoqi , Zheng Feng , Zhong Zhuqing , Xiang Guliang
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

Patient medication safety can affect their clinical outcomes and plays an important role in patient safety management. However, few tools have been developed to assess patient medication safety. This study aimed to develop and validate the self-reported patient medication safety scale (SR-PMSS).

Methods:

We developed SR-PMSS guided by the Donabedian Structure-Process-Outcome framework and used psychometric methods to test its validity and reliability.

Results:

A total of 501 patients with an average age of 56.81 ± 14.47 were enrolled in this study. The SR-PMSS consisted of 21 items and 5 factors. The content validity was good with item-level content validity index (CVI) > 0.78, average scale-level CVI (S-CVI) > 0.9, and universal agreement S-CVI > 0.8. Exploratory factor analysis extracted a five-factor solution with eigenvalues > 0.1, explaining 67.766% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit, acceptable convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The Cronbach’s α coefficient for SR-PMSS was 0.929, the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.855, and the test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.978.

Conclusions:

The SR-PMSS was a valid and reliable instrument with good reliability and validity to evaluate the level of patient medication safety. The target users of the SR-PMSS are all people who are taking or have used prescription medications. The SR-PMSS can be used by healthcare providers in clinical practice and research to identify patients at risk for medication use and intervene with them to reduce adverse medication events and provide support for patient safety management.

Plain Language Summary

SR-PMSS – a self-reported tool to assess patient medication safety Medication therapy was the most common and frequent treatment method to prevent and cure diseases. Medication safety issues may occur in the process of medication use. Patient medication safety can affect their clinical outcomes and plays an important role in patient safety management. However, there are few tools to assess patient medication safety currently, and most of them focused on medication safety related to hospitals or healthcare workers. We developed the self-reported patient medication safety scale (SR-PMSS) guided by the Donabedian Structure-Process-Outcome framework. Then, we conducted a two-round expert consultation, clarity verification, and item simplification to determine the final version of the scale. The SR-PMSS consisted of 21 items and 5 factors and it had good validity and reliability. The target users of the SR-PMSS are all people who are taking or have used prescription medications. Healthcare providers can use the SR-PMSS in clinical practice and research to identify patients at risk for medication use and intervene with them to reduce adverse medication events and provide support for patient safety management.
Digital health literacy and well-being among university students: Mediating roles of fear of COVID-19, information satisfaction, and internet information search
Authors: Chen Sheng-Chih , Hong Nguyen Nhi Thi , Lin Cheng-Yu , Huy Le Duc , Lai Chih-Feng , Dang Loan T. , Truong Nguyen L. T. , Hoang Nhi Y. , Nguyen Thao T. P. , Phaṇ Tan N. , Dadaczynski Kevin , Okan Orkan , Duong Tuyen Van
Published: March 2023

Background

Digital health literacy (DHL) enables healthy decisions, improves protective behaviors and adherence to COVID-19 measures, especially during the era of the “infodemic”, and enhances psychological well-being.

Objective

We aimed to explore the mediating roles of fear of COVID-19, information satisfaction, and the importance of online information searching on the association between DHL and well-being.

Methods

A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among 1631 Taiwanese university students, aged 18 years and above, from June 2021 to March 2022. The collected data include sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, social status, and financial satisfaction), the importance of online information searching, information satisfaction, fear of COVID-19, DHL, and well-being. A linear regression model was utilized to investigate factors associated with well-being, followed by a pathway analysis to assess the direct and indirect relationship between DHL and well-being.

Results

The scores of DHL and overall well-being were 3.1 ± 0.4 and 74.4 ± 19.7, respectively. Social status (B = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73–3.07, p < 0.001), DHL (B 0.29, 95% CI 0.10–0.49, p < 0.001), importance of online information searching (B = 0.78, 95% CI 0.38–1.17, p < 0.001), and information satisfaction (B = 3.59, 95% CI 2.22–4.94, p < 0.001) were positively associated with well-being, whereas higher fear of COVID-19 scores (B = −0.38, 95% CI −0.55-(−0.21), p < 0.001) and female (B = −2.99, 95% CI −5.02–0.6, p = 0.004) were associated with lower well-being, when compared with lower fear scores and male, respectively. Fear of COVID-19 (B = 0.03, 95% CI 0.016–0.04, p < 0.001), importance of online information searching (B = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.05, p = 0.005), and information satisfaction (B = 0.05, 95% CI 0.023–0.067, p < 0.001) were significantly mediated the relationship between DHL and well-being.

Conclusion

Higher DHL scores show direct and indirect associations with higher well-being scores. Fear, importance of online information searching, and information satisfaction significantly contributed to the association.
Serial Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy After Unifocalization and Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot With Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals
Authors: Wise-Faberowski Lisa , Long Jin , Ma Michael , Nadel Helen R. , Shek Jennifer , Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Martin Elisabeth , Hanley Frank L. , McElhinney Doff B.
Published: March 2023

Background

In patients with tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs), pulmonary blood supply is highly variable. Our approach to this condition emphasizes complete unifocalization of the pulmonary circulation, incorporating all lung segments and addressing stenoses out to the segmental level. Post-repair, we recommend serial lung perfusion scintigraphy (LPS) to assess short-term changes in pulmonary blood flow distribution.

Methods

We reviewed post-discharge and follow-up LPS performed through three years post-repair and analyzed serial changes in perfusion, risk factors for change, and the relationship between LPS parameters and pulmonary artery reintervention.

Results

Of 543 patients who had postoperative LPS results in our system, 317 (58%) had only a predischarge LPS available for review, while 226 had 1 (20%) or more (22%) follow-up scans within three years. Overall, pulmonary flow distribution prior to discharge was balanced, and there was minimal change over time; however, there was considerable patient-to-patient variation in both metrics. On multivariable mixed modeling, time after repair ( P = .025), initial anatomy consisting of a ductus arteriosus to one lung ( P < .001), and age at repair ( P = .014) were associated with changes on serial LPS. Patients who had follow-up LPS were more likely to undergo pulmonary artery reintervention, but within that cohort, LPS parameters were not associated with reintervention risk.

Conclusion

Serial LPS during the first year after MAPCAs repair is a noninvasive method of screening for significant post-repair pulmonary artery stenosis that occurs in a small but important minority of patients. In patients who received follow-up LPS beyond the perioperative period, there was minimal change over time in the population overall, but large changes in some patients and considerable variability. There was no statistical association between LPS findings and pulmonary artery reintervention.
When and Why Do Innovation Policies Change? A Performance Feedback Perspective
Authors: Zhao Lingjuan , Hui Kent Ngan-Cheung , Xiong Feng , Xia Yuxin
Published: March 2023

National innovation is important for driving a country’s long-term economic growth and identifying social problem solutions. However, while some countries maintain favorable policies for promoting innovation, some seem to fall behind. In addition, a country’s innovation policies may change over time. In this study, we examine when and why policy-makers change innovation policies. Specifically, we draw on performance feedback theory to theorize how aspirations for national innovation may affect a country’s innovation policies. Based on the data of member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), we find that when national innovation output is below the level of aspiration, policy-makers improve policies to attract private R&D investment (expand public R&D investment) if national private R&D investment (national public R&D investment) is also below the aspiration levels. However, the shortfalls in national private or public R&D investment alone do not motivate policy-makers to take any action. Such findings provide strong implications for policy-makers and innovators in both the private and public sectors.
Spatial and Sociodemographic Vulnerability: Quantifying Accessibility to Health Care and Legal Services for Immigrants in California, Arizona, and Nevada
Authors: Roubenoff Ethan , Slootjes Jasmijn , Bloemraad Irene
Published: March 2023

Nonprofits provide a range of human and social services in the United States, producing what some call the delegated welfare state. The authors aim to quantify inequities in nonprofit service provision by focusing on two types of vulnerabilities: spatial and socio-demographic. Specifically, the authors develop a service accessibility index to identify mismatch between population demand and locational supply of nonprofits. The authors apply the index to an original data set of more than 1,500 immigrant-serving legal and health organization in California, Nevada, and Arizona. The authors find that immigrants living in rural areas are underserved, especially in access to justice, compared with those in metropolitan areas but that residents of smaller cities have better access, especially to health services, than those in larger cities. The service accessibility index not only brings such inequities into relief but raises critical questions about the determinants and consequences of service-access variability, for vulnerable immigrants and others dependent on the nonprofit safety net.