bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Organic Aerosol During Photochemical Aging of Cooking and Burning Emissions
Authors: Xu Weiqi , Li Zhijie , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Jinjian , Karnezi Eleni , Lambe Andrew T. , Zhou Wei , Sun Jiaxing , Du Aodong , Li Ying , Sun Yele
Published: July 2023

Photochemical aging is a key atmospheric processing, yet the changes in physicochemical properties of organic aerosol (OA) during photochemical aging of primary emissions from cooking and burning are less understood. Here we conducted 12 burning (straw, wood, and coal) and cooking experiments to characterize the evolution of size distributions, volatility, and glass transition temperature (Tg) from fresh smoke to aged OA with an equivalent photochemical age of ∼1.5 days using an oxidation flow reactor‐thermodenuder‐aerosol mass spectrometer system. The mass spectra of OA showed significant changes during photochemical aging, for example, the rapid degradation of m/z 60 for straw and wood burning OA, and the large increase in f44 (fraction of m/z 44 in OA) for all OA. The contributions of non‐volatile compounds to the total OA in aged burning OA (1.6%–5.3%) decreased considerably compared with those in fresh burning smoke (2.3%–17.1%), suggesting that photochemical aging of primary emissions for ∼1.5 days produced more volatile secondary OA (SOA). Consistently, the pronounced formation of SOA below 150 nm was observed, and it showed more volatile properties than aged large particles. The Tg of OA under dry conditions (Tg,org) was estimated based on volatility distributions, and the results showed increased Tg,org during photochemical aging of biomass burning and coal combustion emissions, while decreased Tg,org for aged cooking OA. Overall, our results illustrate the different changes in size distributions, volatility, and Tg,org through photochemical aging of different primary emissions, which in turn affect their impacts on radiative forcing and human health.
Pine Maximum Latewood Density in Semi‐Arid Northern China Records Hydroclimate Rather Than Temperature
Authors: Yang Bao , He Minhui , Yang Liu , Wang Feng , Ljungqvist Fredrik C.
Published: July 2023

Long records of tree‐ring maximum latewood density (MXD) measurements in conifers have been successfully employed to reconstruct summer temperature changes globally. Yet, the potential of MXD as a proxy in semi‐arid, low‐latitude regions for reconstructing either temperature or hydroclimate variability remains largely unexplored. Here, we developed a MXD data set of Chinese pine from semi‐arid northern China, and investigated its sensitivity to different climate variables. We found that the annual self‐calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index from previous August to current July displays the strongest influence on the MXD variation. The entire MXD chronology (covering 1736–2020) is highly consistent with nearby tree‐ring‐based annual precipitation and drought reconstructions at decadal timescales, confirming a temporally stable hydroclimate signal in our MXD record. In particular, the rapid wetting trend during the 2010–2020 period is well captured by the MXD data. This novel study has wide implications for future use of tree‐ring density data to reconstruct past climate changes globally.
Recent advances in metasurface design and quantum optics applications with machine learning, physics-informed neural networks, and topology optimization methods
Authors: Ji Wenye , Chang Jin , Xu He-Xiu , Gao Jian Rong , Gröblacher Simon , Urbach H. Paul , Adam Aurèle J. L.
Published: July 2023

As a two-dimensional planar material with low depth profile, a metasurface can generate non-classical phase distributions for the transmitted and reflected electromagnetic waves at its interface. Thus, it offers more flexibility to control the wave front. A traditional metasurface design process mainly adopts the forward prediction algorithm, such as Finite Difference Time Domain, combined with manual parameter optimization. However, such methods are time-consuming, and it is difficult to keep the practical meta-atom spectrum being consistent with the ideal one. In addition, since the periodic boundary condition is used in the meta-atom design process, while the aperiodic condition is used in the array simulation, the coupling between neighboring meta-atoms leads to inevitable inaccuracy. In this review, representative intelligent methods for metasurface design are introduced and discussed, including machine learning, physics-information neural network, and topology optimization method. We elaborate on the principle of each approach, analyze their advantages and limitations, and discuss their potential applications. We also summarize recent advances in enabled metasurfaces for quantum optics applications. In short, this paper highlights a promising direction for intelligent metasurface designs and applications for future quantum optics research and serves as an up-to-date reference for researchers in the metasurface and metamaterial fields.
Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons in brain physiology and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hijazi Sara , Smit August B. , van Kesteren Ronald E.
Published: July 2023

Fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are inhibitory interneurons with unique morphological and functional properties that allow them to precisely control local circuitry, brain networks and memory processing. Since the discovery in 1987 that PV is expressed in a subset of fast-spiking GABAergic inhibitory neurons, our knowledge of the complex molecular and physiological properties of these cells has been expanding. In this review, we highlight the specific properties of PV neurons that allow them to fire at high frequency and with high reliability, enabling them to control network oscillations and shape the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of memories. We next discuss multiple studies reporting PV neuron impairment as a critical step in neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Finally, we propose potential mechanisms underlying PV neuron dysfunction in AD and we argue that early changes in PV neuron activity could be a causal step in AD-associated network and memory impairment and a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis.
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 expression is associated with symptom severity in patients with PTSD in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Cosentino Livia , Witt Stephanie H. , Dukal Helene , Zidda Francesca , Siehl Sebastian , Flor Herta , De Filippis Bianca
Published: July 2023

Traumatic events may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with higher prevalence in women. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) increase PTSD risk in adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in PTSD pathogenesis and a mutation in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) in mice provide susceptibility to PTSD-like alterations, with sex-dependent biological signatures. The present study examined whether the increased risk of PTSD associated with ACE exposure is accompanied by reduced MECP2 blood levels in humans, with an influence of sex. MECP2 mRNA levels were analyzed in the blood of 132 subjects (58 women). Participants were interviewed to assess PTSD symptomatology, and asked to retrospectively report ACE. Among trauma-exposed women, MECP2 downregulation was associated with the intensification of PTSD symptoms linked to ACE exposure. MECP2 expression emerges as a potential contributor to post-trauma pathophysiology fostering novel studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying its potential sex-dependent role in PTSD onset and progression.
A tailored phase I-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) survey to capture the patient experience of symptomatic adverse events
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Helena J. , Liu Zhihui , Watson Geoffrey A. , Veitch Zachary W. , Shepshelovich Daniel , Spreafico Anna , Abdul Razak Albiruni R. , Bedard Philippe L. , Siu Lillian L. , Minasian Lori , Hansen Aaron R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Patient perspectives are fundamental to defining tolerability of investigational anti-neoplastic therapies in clinical trials. Phase I trials present a unique challenge in designing tools for efficiently collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) given the difficulty of anticipating adverse events of relevance. However, phase I trials also offer an opportunity for investigators to optimize drug dosing based on tolerability for future larger-scale trials and in eventual clinical practice. Existing tools for comprehensively capturing PROs are generally cumbersome and are not routinely used in phase I trials.

Methods

Here, we describe the creation of a tailored survey based on the National Cancer Institute’s PRO-CTCAE for collecting patients’ perspectives on symptomatic adverse events in phase I trials in oncology.

Results

We describe our stepwise approach to condensing the original 78-symptom library into a modified 30 term core list of symptoms which can be efficiently applied. We further show that our tailored survey aligns with phase I trialists’ perspectives on symptoms of relevance.

Conclusions

This tailored survey represents the first PRO tool developed specifically for assessing tolerability in the phase I oncology population. We provide recommendations for future work aimed at integrating this survey into clinical practice.
Thromboxane biosynthesis in cancer patients and its inhibition by aspirin: a sub-study of the Add-Aspirin trial
Authors: Joharatnam-Hogan Nalinie , Hatem Duaa , Cafferty Fay H. , Petrucci Giovanna , Cameron David A. , Ring Alistair , Kynaston Howard G. , Gilbert Duncan C. , Wilson Richard H. , Hubner Richard A. , Swinson Daniel E. B. , Cleary Siobhan , Robbins Alex , MacKenzie Mairead , Scott-Brown Martin W. G. , Sothi Sharmila , Dawson Lesley K. , Capaldi Lisa M. , Churn Mark , Cunningham David , Khoo Vincent , Armstrong Anne C. , Ainsworth Nicola L. , Horan Gail , Wheatley Duncan A. , Mullen Russell , Lofts Fiona J. , Walther Axel , Herbertson Rebecca A. , Eaton John D. , O’Callaghan Ann , Eichholz Andrew , Kagzi Mohammed M. , Patterson Daniel M. , Narahari Krishna , Bradbury Jennifer , Stokes Zuzana , Rizvi Azhar J. , Walker Georgina A. , Kunene Victoria L. , Srihari Narayanan , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Meade Angela , Patrono Carlo , Rocca Bianca , Langley Ruth E.
Published: July 2023

Background

Pre-clinical models demonstrate that platelet activation is involved in the spread of malignancy. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing whether aspirin, which inhibits platelet activation, can prevent or delay metastases.

Methods

Urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (U-TXM), a biomarker of in vivo platelet activation, was measured after radical cancer therapy and correlated with patient demographics, tumour type, recent treatment, and aspirin use (100 mg, 300 mg or placebo daily) using multivariable linear regression models with log-transformed values.

Results

In total, 716 patients (breast 260, colorectal 192, gastro-oesophageal 53, prostate 211) median age 61 years, 50% male were studied. Baseline median U-TXM were breast 782; colorectal 1060; gastro-oesophageal 1675 and prostate 826 pg/mg creatinine; higher than healthy individuals (~500 pg/mg creatinine). Higher levels were associated with raised body mass index, inflammatory markers, and in the colorectal and gastro-oesophageal participants compared to breast participants (P < 0.001) independent of other baseline characteristics. Aspirin 100 mg daily decreased U-TXM similarly across all tumour types (median reductions: 77–82%). Aspirin 300 mg daily provided no additional suppression of U-TXM compared with 100 mg.

Conclusions

Persistently increased thromboxane biosynthesis was detected after radical cancer therapy, particularly in colorectal and gastro-oesophageal patients. Thromboxane biosynthesis should be explored further as a biomarker of active malignancy and may identify patients likely to benefit from aspirin.
Changes in serum albumin concentrations over 7 days in medical inpatients with and without nutritional support. A secondary post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Boesiger Fabienne , Poggioli Alessia , Netzhammer Claudine , Bretscher Céline , Kaegi-Braun Nina , Tribolet Pascal , Wunderle Carla , Kutz Alexander , Lobo Dileep N. , Stanga Zeno , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp
Published: July 2023

Background

Serum albumin concentrations are frequently used to monitor nutritional therapy in the hospital setting but supporting studies are largely lacking. Within this secondary analysis of a randomized nutritional trial (EFFORT), we assessed whether nutritional support affects short-term changes in serum albumin concentrations and whether an increase in albumin concentration has prognostic implications regarding clinical outcome and response to treatment.

Methods

We analyzed patients with available serum albumin concentrations at baseline and day 7 included in EFFORT, a Swiss-wide multicenter randomized clinical trial that compared individualized nutritional therapy with usual hospital food (control group).

Results

Albumin concentrations increased in 320 of 763 (41.9%) included patients (mean age 73.3 years (SD ± 12.9), 53.6% males) with no difference between patients receiving nutritional support and controls. Compared with patients that showed a decrease in albumin concentrations over 7 days, those with an increase had a lower 180-day mortality [74/320 (23.1%) vs. 158/443 (35.7%); adjusted odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.90; p = 0.012] and a shorter length of hospital stay [11.2 ± 7.3 vs. 8.8 ± 5.6 days, adjusted difference −2.2 days (95%CI −3.1 to −1.2)]. Patients with and without a decrease over 7 days had a similar response to nutritional support.

Conclusion

Results from this secondary analysis indicate that nutritional support did not increase short-term concentrations of albumin over 7 days, and changes in albumin did not correlate with response to nutritional interventions. However, an increase in albumin concentrations possibly mirroring resolution of inflammation was associated with better clinical outcomes. Repeated in-hospital albumin measurements in the short-term is, thus, not indicated for monitoring of patients receiving nutritional support but provides prognostic information.

Trail Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02517476.
Perinatal depression and mental health uptake referral rate in an obstetric service
Authors: Tato Fernandes Francisca , de Almeida Ana Beatriz , Fernandes Mónica , Correia Rosa , Magalhães Rui , Buchner Graça , Braga Jorge , Freitas Paula
Published: July 2023

Perinatal depression is an important indicator of mothers’ mental health. Studies have been carried out to identify and characterize women at risk of such affective disorder. The aim of this study is to assess mothers’ adherence to our perinatal depression screening and eventual follow-up by a multidisciplinary team, including mental health and obstetrics professionals. Ultimately, a risk profile for the uptake rate of referral was described to psychological support. Pregnant women from a maternity of a tertiary center with on-site assessment and treatment (n = 2163) were included in this study. The identification of women at risk for depression was based on a two-question screening and the EPDS scale. Demographic and obstetric data were obtained from medical records. The number of screening evaluations, the uptake referral rate and the compliance to treatment were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to predict a risk profile for adherence. Among 2163 enrolled in the protocol, 10.2% screened positive for depression. Of these, 51.8% accepted referral for mental health assistance. 74.9% were compliant to Psychology appointments and 74.1% to Psychiatry appointments. Women who had a previous history of depression were more likely to accept referral for mental health support. With this study, we were able to understand the behaviour of this population towards the screening protocol we offer. Women with a previous history of depression are more likely to accept mental health assistance.
Screening of lactic acid bacteria with anti-adipogenic effect and potential probiotic properties from grains
Authors: Seo Min Ju , Won Sung-Min , Kwon Min Ju , Song Ji Hyeon , Lee Eun Bee , Cho Jun Hyeong , Park Kye Won , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: July 2023

A total of 187 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from four types of grains collected in South Korea. The bacterial strains were assigned as members of Levilactobacillus brevis, Latilactobacillus curvatus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactococcus taiwanensis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Weissella paramesenteroides based on the closest similarity using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strains belonging to the same species were analyzed using RAPD-PCR, and one or two among strains showing the same band pattern were selected. Finally, 25 representative strains were selected for further functional study. Inhibitory effects of lipid accumulation were observed in the strains tested. Pediococcus pentosaceus K28, Levilactobacillus brevis RP21 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RP12 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and did not show cytotoxicity in C3H10T1/2 cells at treatment of 1–200 μg/mL. The three LAB strains decreased significantly expression of six adipogenic marker genes, PPARγ, C/EBPα, CD36, LPL, FAS and ACC, in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. The three strains survived under strong acidity and bile salt conditions. The three strains showed adhesion to Caco-2 cells similar to a reference strain LGG. The resistance of the three strains to several antibiotics was also assessed. Strains RP12 and K28 were confirmed not to produce harmful enzymes based on API ZYM kit results. Based on these results, strains K28, RP21 and RP12 isolated from grains had the ability to inhibit adipogenesis in adipocytes and potentially be useful as probiotics.
Spontaneous and information-induced bursting activities in honeybee hives
Authors: Doi Itsuki , Deng Weibing , Ikegami Takashi
Published: July 2023

Social entrainment is important for functioning of beehive organization. By analyzing a dataset of approximately 1000 honeybees (Apis mellifera) tracked in 5 trials, we discovered that honeybees exhibit synchronized activity (bursting behavior) in their locomotion. These bursts occurred spontaneously, potentially as a result of intrinsic bee interactions. The empirical data and simulations demonstrate that physical contact is one of the mechanisms for these bursts. We found that a subset of honeybees within a hive which become active before the peak of each burst, and we refer to these bees as "pioneer bees." Pioneer bees are not selected randomly, but rather, are linked to foraging behavior and waggle dancing, which may help spread external information in the hive. By using transfer entropy, we found that information flows from pioneer bees to non-pioneer bees, which suggest that the bursting behavior is caused by foraging behavior and spreading the information through the hive and promoting integrated group behavior among individuals.
Randomness assisted in-line holography with deep learning
Authors: Manisha  , Mandal Aditya Chandra , Rathor Mohit , Zalevsky Zeev , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2023

We propose and demonstrate a holographic imaging scheme exploiting random illuminations for recording hologram and then applying numerical reconstruction and twin image removal. We use an in-line holographic geometry to record the hologram in terms of the second-order correlation and apply the numerical approach to reconstruct the recorded hologram. This strategy helps to reconstruct high-quality quantitative images in comparison to the conventional holography where the hologram is recorded in the intensity rather than the second-order intensity correlation. The twin image issue of the in-line holographic scheme is resolved by an unsupervised deep learning based method using an auto-encoder scheme. Proposed learning technique leverages the main characteristic of autoencoders to perform blind single-shot hologram reconstruction, and this does not require a dataset of samples with available ground truth for training and can reconstruct the hologram solely from the captured sample. Experimental results are presented for two objects, and a comparison of the reconstruction quality is given between the conventional inline holography and the one obtained with the proposed technique.
Environment assisted quantum model for studying RNA-DNA-error correlation created due to the base tautomery
Authors: Ghasemi Fatemeh , Tirandaz Arash
Published: July 2023

The adaptive mutation phenomenon has been drawing the attention of biologists for several decades in evolutionist community. In this study, we propose a quantum mechanical model of adaptive mutation based on the implications of the theory of open quantum systems. We survey a new framework that explain how random point mutations can be stabilized and directed to be adapted with the stresses introduced by the environments according to the microscopic rules dictated by constraints of quantum mechanics. We consider a pair of entangled qubits consist of DNA and mRNA pair, each coupled to a distinct reservoir for analyzing the spreed of entanglement using time-dependent perturbation theory. The reservoirs are physical demonstrations of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm and surrounding environments of mRNA and DNA, respectively. Our predictions confirm the role of the environmental-assisted quantum progression of adaptive mutations. Computing the concurrence as a measure that determines to what extent the bipartite DNA-mRNA can be correlated through entanglement, is given. Preventing the entanglement loss is crucial for controlling unfavorable point mutations under environmental influences. We explore which physical parameters may affect the preservation of entanglement between DNA and mRNA pair systems, despite the destructive role of interaction with the environments.
Synthesis, characterization, and nonlinear optical properties of copper (II) ligand Schiff base complexes derived from 3-Nitrobenzohydrazide and benzyl
Authors: Tahmasbi Ayub , Jafari Akbar , Nikoo Abbas
Published: July 2023

A new series of Cu (II) complexes were prepared using Schiff base ligand of N–N′-(1,2-diphenyl ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-Nitrobenzohydrazide). The prepared ligand and Cu (II) complex were characterized using various physicochemical investigations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), $${}^{13}C$$

13

C

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), $${}^{1}H$$

1

H

NMR, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Z-Scan technique (Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties). In addition, the prepared samples have been examined for their NLO characteristics with the help of the Density Functional Theory calculations which proved that the Cu (II) Complex is more polarized than Ligand. According to XRD and FESEM results, the nanocrystalline nature of the samples is confirmed. The metal-oxide bond assigned in the functional studies by FTIR. Magnetic studies demonstrate weak ferromagnetic and paramagnetic nature for Cu (II) complex and diamagnetic nature for the ligand, respectively. DRS spectrum exhibited higher reflectance for Cu (II) than the ligand. The band gap energies of the synthesized samples were estimated by employing the Tauc relation and Kubelka–Munk theory on reflectance data and found to be 2.89 eV and 2.67 eV for Cu (II) complex and ligand, respectively. Extinction coefficient and refractive index values were calculated using the Kramers–Kronig method. The z-scan technique was applied to estimate the NLO properties by a 532 nm Nd:YAG laser.
On viscoelastic drop impact onto thin films: axisymmetric simulations and experimental analysis
Authors: Rezaie M. R. , Norouzi M. , Kayhani M. H. , Taghavi S. M. , Kim Mirae , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the effect of fluid elasticity on axisymmetric droplets colliding with pre-existing liquid films, using both numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical simulations involve solving the incompressible flow momentum equations with viscoelastic constitutive laws using the finite volume method and the volume of fluid (VOF) technique to track the liquid’s free surface. Here, the Oldroyd-B model is used as the constitutive equation for the viscoelastic phase. Experiments are also performed for dilute viscoelastic solutions with 0.005% and 0.01% (w/w) polyacrylamide in 80:20 glycerin/water solutions, in order to ensure the validity of the numerical solution and to investigate the elasticity effect. The formation and temporal evolution of the crown parameters are quantified by considering the flow parameters, including the fluid’s elasticity. The results indicate that the axisymmetric numerical solutions reasonably agree with the experimental observations. Generally, the fluid’s elasticity can enlarge the crown dimension at different thicknesses of the fluid film. Moreover, at intermediate values of the Weissenberg number, the extensional force in the crown wall can control the crown propagation. Furthermore, the results reveal that the effects of the Weber number and the viscosity ratio on this problem are more significant at higher values of the Weissenberg number.
SCOPE: predicting future diagnoses in office visits using electronic health records
Authors: Mukherjee Pritam , Humbert-Droz Marie , Chen Jonathan H. , Gevaert Olivier
Published: July 2023

We propose an interpretable and scalable model to predict likely diagnoses at an encounter based on past diagnoses and lab results. This model is intended to aid physicians in their interaction with the electronic health records (EHR). To accomplish this, we retrospectively collected and de-identified EHR data of 2,701,522 patients at Stanford Healthcare over a time period from January 2008 to December 2016. A population-based sample of patients comprising 524,198 individuals (44% M, 56% F) with multiple encounters with at least one frequently occurring diagnosis codes were chosen. A calibrated model was developed to predict ICD-10 diagnosis codes at an encounter based on the past diagnoses and lab results, using a binary relevance based multi-label modeling strategy. Logistic regression and random forests were tested as the base classifier, and several time windows were tested for aggregating the past diagnoses and labs. This modeling approach was compared to a recurrent neural network based deep learning method. The best model used random forest as the base classifier and integrated demographic features, diagnosis codes, and lab results. The best model was calibrated and its performance was comparable or better than existing methods in terms of various metrics, including a median AUROC of 0.904 (IQR [0.838, 0.954]) over 583 diseases. When predicting the first occurrence of a disease label for a patient, the median AUROC with the best model was 0.796 (IQR [0.737, 0.868]). Our modeling approach performed comparably as the tested deep learning method, outperforming it in terms of AUROC (p < 0.001) but underperforming in terms of AUPRC (p < 0.001). Interpreting the model showed that the model uses meaningful features and highlights many interesting associations among diagnoses and lab results. We conclude that the multi-label model performs comparably with RNN based deep learning model while offering simplicity and potentially superior interpretability. While the model was trained and validated on data obtained from a single institution, its simplicity, interpretability and performance makes it a promising candidate for deployment.
Fe–Mn nanocomposites doped graphene quantum dots alleviate salt stress of Triticum aestivum through osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant defense
Authors: Haydar Md Salman , Ali Salim , Mandal Palash , Roy Debadrita , Roy Mahendra Nath , Kundu Sourav , Kundu Sudipta , Choudhuri Chandrani
Published: July 2023

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of graphene quantum dots (GQD) and its nanocomposites on germination, growth, biochemical, histological, and major ROS detoxifying antioxidant enzyme activities involved in salinity stress tolerance of wheat. Seedlings were grown on nutrient-free sand and treatment solutions were applied through solid matrix priming and by foliar spray. Control seedlings under salinity stress exhibited a reduction in photosynthetic pigment, sugar content, growth, increased electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation, whereas iron-manganese nanocomposites doped GQD (FM_GQD) treated seedlings were well adapted and performed better compared to control. Enzymatic antioxidants like catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and NADPH oxidase were noted to increase by 40.5, 103.2, 130.19, and 141.23% respectively by application of FM_GQD. Histological evidence confirmed a lower extent of lipid peroxidation and safeguarding the plasma membrane integrity through osmolyte accumulation and redox homeostasis. All of these interactive phenomena lead to an increment in wheat seedling growth by 28.06% through FM_GQD application. These findings highlight that micronutrient like iron, manganese doped GQD can be a promising nano-fertilizer for plant growth and this article will serve as a reference as it is the very first report regarding the ameliorative role of GQD in salt stress mitigation.
Elevated glutamate impedes anti-HIV-1 CD8 + T cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Wang You-Yuan , Zhen Cheng , Hu Wei , Huang Hui-Huang , Li Yan-Jun , Zhou Ming-Ju , Li Jing , Fu Yu-Long , Zhang Peng , Li Xiao-Yu , Yang Tao , Song Jin-Wen , Fan Xing , Zou Jun , Meng Si-Run , Qin Ya-Qin , Jiao Yan-Mei , Xu Ruonan , Zhang Ji-Yuan , Zhou Chun-Bao , Yuan Jin-Hong , Huang Lei , Shi Ming , Cheng Liang , Wang Fu-Sheng , Zhang Chao
Published: July 2023

CD8 + T cells are essential for long-lasting HIV-1 control and have been harnessed to develop therapeutic and preventive approaches for people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). HIV-1 infection induces marked metabolic alterations. However, it is unclear whether these changes affect the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Here, we show that PLWH exhibit higher levels of plasma glutamate than healthy controls. In PLWH, glutamate levels positively correlate with HIV-1 reservoir and negatively correlate with the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Single-cell metabolic modeling reveals glutamate metabolism is surprisingly robust in virtual memory CD8 + T cells (TVM). We further confirmed that glutamate inhibits TVM cells function via the mTORC1 pathway in vitro. Our findings reveal an association between metabolic plasticity and CD8 + T cell-mediated HIV control, suggesting that glutamate metabolism can be exploited as a therapeutic target for the reversion of anti-HIV CD8 + T cell function in PLWH.
Pathways analysis to reducing aircraft emissions for China-Foreign routes
Authors: Cui Qiang , Lei Yi-lin
Published: July 2023

The rapid development of the aviation industry significantly impacts global climate change. The carbon Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) are considered two essential ways for the aviation industry to reduce emissions. This paper uses China-foreign routes, the fastest growing region in the world, as an example to calculate the actual emissions (CO2, CO, HC, NOx, SO2, and PM2.5), calculate the Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Concentration (CDEC) using the Aviation FAIR-GWP concentration method, to compare the role of the ETS and SAFs in controlling emissions until the year 2100. The results show that SAFs are more effective in controlling the pollutant emissions of the aircraft than ETS, as ETS mainly covers CO2 and ignores other greenhouse gases. However, the best way is to combine SAFs and ETS; the combined effect is much better than SAFs alone or ETS alone. The research results provide systematic suggestions for the aviation industry to reduce emissions effectively.
Disparate genetic divergence patterns in three corals across a pan-Pacific environmental gradient highlight species-specific adaptation
Authors: Voolstra Christian R. , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Armstrong Eric J. , Mitushasi Guinther , Porro Barbara , Oury Nicolas , Agostini Sylvain , Boissin Emilie , Poulain Julie , Carradec Quentin , Paz-García David A. , Zoccola Didier , Magalon Hélène , Moulin Clémentine , Bourdin Guillaume , Iwankow Guillaume , Romac Sarah , Banaigs Bernard , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , de Vargas Colomban , Douville Eric , Flores Michel , Furla Paola , Galand Pierre E. , Gilson Eric , Lombard Fabien , Pesant Stéphane , Reynaud Stéphanie , Sullivan Matthew B. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Thomas Olivier P. , Troublé Romain , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Wincker Patrick , Planes Serge , Allemand Denis , Forcioli Didier
Published: July 2023

Tropical coral reefs are among the most affected ecosystems by climate change and face increasing loss in the coming decades. Effective conservation strategies that maximize ecosystem resilience must be informed by the accurate characterization of extant genetic diversity and population structure together with an understanding of the adaptive potential of keystone species. Here we analyzed samples from the Tara Pacific Expedition (2016–2018) that completed an 18,000 km longitudinal transect of the Pacific Ocean sampling three widespread corals—Pocillopora meandrina, Porites lobata, and Millepora cf. platyphylla—across 33 sites from 11 islands. Using deep metagenomic sequencing of 269 colonies in conjunction with morphological analyses and climate variability data, we can show that despite a targeted sampling the transect encompasses multiple cryptic species. These species exhibit disparate biogeographic patterns and, most importantly, distinct evolutionary patterns in identical environmental regimes. Our findings demonstrate on a basin scale that evolutionary trajectories are species-specific and can only in part be predicted from the environment. This highlights that conservation strategies must integrate multi-species investigations to discern the distinct genomic footprints shaped by selection as well as the genetic potential for adaptive change.
Multi-energy calibration for determining critical metals in nickel-metal hydride battery residues by microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Authors: Cruz Kaíque A. M. L. , Donati George L. , Rocha Fábio R. P. , Hespanhol Maria C.
Published: July 2023

The feasibility of multi-energy calibration for determination of critical metals (Ce, La, Ni, Co, and Mn) in nickel–metal hydride battery wastes by MIP-OES is demonstrated.
Designing a vehicle-free anti-bacterial topical hydrogel from Fmoc-diphenylalanine
Authors: Roy Nabanita , Datta Hemanta Kumar , Roy Rajdip , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: July 2023

A supramolecular synthon-based salt formation strategy has been employed to afford an anti-bacterial topical hydrogel from Fmoc-diphenylalanine (FmocFF).
Recent progress in the synthesis and physical properties of 2D ternary TMDC-based vertical heterostructures
Authors: An Qin , Zhang Teyang , Chen Fei , Su Weitao
Published: July 2023

This review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis of 2D ternary TMDC-based vertical heterostructures via three strategies and the novel physical properties.
Design and characterization of antithrombotic ClEKnsTy-Au nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents
Authors: Xie Chen , Zhang Lin
Published: July 2023

AuNP-Cl was designed as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic reagent targeting collagen, which was prepared by coupling ClEKnsTy with AuNPs and experimentally proved to be effective.
A neural network potential energy surface for the Li + LiNa → Li2 + Na reaction and quantum dynamics study from ultracold to thermal energies
Authors: Buren Bayaer
Published: July 2023

An improved fundamental invariant neural network (FI-NN) approach for representing a potential energy surface (PES) involving permutation symmetry is introduced in this work.
Revisiting the potential-energy surface of CnBe3n+2H2n+22+ (n = 2–4) clusters: are planar pentacoordinate carbon structures the global minima?
Authors: Inostroza Diego , Vásquez-Espinal Alejandro , Leyva-Parra Luis , García-Argote Williams , Cerón María Luisa , Yañez Osvaldo , Tiznado William
Published: July 2023

The potential energy surface (PES) of the CBe5H5+ and CnBe3n+2H2n+22+ (n = 2–4) clusters was investigated via various exploration strategies.
The treatment of dispersion terms for solution systems
Authors: Fang De-Cai , Liu Si-Cong , Liu Dan-Yang , Zhu Xin-Rui
Published: July 2023

The solvent–solute dispersion should be calculated together with the solute dispersion for the solution system, in which the newly generated solute–solute dispersion energy only half belongs to the solute molecule.
Luminescent solar concentrators for building integrated photovoltaics: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Richards Bryce S. , Howard Ian A.
Published: July 2023

Semi-transparent luminescent solar concentrators are a promising building integrated photovoltaic technology. But what are the main bottlenecks restricting performance and what stands in the way to commercialisation and market penetration?.
A review of II–VI semiconductor nanoclusters for photocatalytic CO2 conversion: synthesis, characterization, and mechanisms
Authors: Li Kai , Ge Junjun , Li Enhao , Li Zhe , Wang Hua , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Yang , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: July 2023

In this review, we briefly overview the syntheses, compositions, growth mechanisms, and performance improvement strategies of typical II–VI MSCs. Recent advances on the application of II–VI MSCs in photocatalytic CO2 reduction are introduced.
Ultrafast electronic, infrared, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Cu(i) phosphine diimine complexes
Authors: Appleby Martin V. , Cowin Rory A. , Ivalo Iona I. , Peralta-Arriaga Samantha L. , Robertson Craig C. , Bartlett Stuart , Fitzpatrick Ann , Dent Andrew , Karras Gabriel , Diaz-Moreno Sofia , Chekulaev Dimitri , Weinstein Julia. A.
Published: July 2023

The study aims to understand the role of the transient bonding in the interplay between the structural and electronic changes in heteroleptic Cu(i) diimine diphosphine complexes.
Biological lipid hydration: distinct mechanisms of interfacial water alignment and charge screening for model lipid membranes
Authors: Saak Clara-Magdalena , Dreier Lisa B. , Machel Kevin , Bonn Mischa , Backus Ellen H. G.
Published: July 2023

Counterions in solution and within a lipid monolayer differently neutralise charge- and dipole-induced water orientation.
Microfluidic device with reconfigurable spatial temporal gradients reveals plastic astrocyte response to stroke and reperfusion
Authors: Reed-McBain Catherine A. , Turaga Rithvik V. , Zima Seth R. T. , Abizanda Campo Sara , Riendeau Jeremiah , Contreras Guzman Emmanuel , Juang Terry D. , Juang Duane S. , Hampton David W. , Skala Melissa C. , Ayuso Jose M.
Published: July 2023

Novel microphysiological platform permitting spatial temporal gradients reveals astrocyte placticity.
A microfluidic chip for geoelectrical monitoring of critical zone processes
Authors: Rembert Flore , Stolz Arnaud , Soulaine Cyprien , Roman Sophie
Published: July 2023

A flow-through microfluidic channel is equipped with miniaturized electrodes to investigate calcite dissolution. Microscale visual detection aids in the interpretation of spectral induced polarization (SIP) monitoring.
Generation of multicellular tumor spheroids via 3D cell culture utilizing a hydrogel comprising chitosan and allylthiourea
Authors: Yadav Paramjeet , Afgan Shere , Singh Virendra , Pal Krishtan , Jaiswal Sheetal , Kumar Rajesh , Koch Biplob
Published: July 2023

The chitosan–allyl thiourea hydrogel demonstrates remarkable cell viability, enabling the formation of multicellular tumor spheroids. Moreover, it exhibits the ability to self-heal within a mere hour at room temperature.
Recognition of naphthoflavones by calix[4]pyrrole[2]phenanthrene
Authors: Zeng Fei , Tang Lin-Li , Ding Man-Hua
Published: July 2023

A new kind of expanded calix[4]pyrrole named calix[4]pyrrole[2]phenanthrene 1 was synthesized and its complexation with naphthoflavone was studied.
A focus on 1-azahomocubane: the new kid on the block
Authors: Elgindy Cecile , Levin Mark D.
Published: July 2023

A highlight of the first synthesis of 1-azahomocubane and initial studies of this molecule (https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC00001J), presenting opportunities for nitrogen scanning of strained hydrocarbon molecules.
Short- and long-term warming events on photosynthetic physiology, growth, and yields of field grown crops
Authors: Bernacchi Carl J. , Ruiz-Vera Ursula M. , Siebers Matthew H. , DeLucia Nicholas J. , Ort Donald R.
Published: July 2023

Global temperatures are rising from increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere associated with anthropogenic activities. Global warming includes a warmer shift in mean temperatures as well as increases in the probability of extreme heating events, termed heat waves. Despite the ability of plants to cope with temporal variations in temperature, global warming is increasingly presenting challenges to agroecosystems. The impact of warming on crop species has direct consequences on food security, therefore understanding impacts and opportunities to adapt crops to global warming necessitates experimentation that allows for modification of growth environments to represent global warming scenarios. Published studies addressing crop responses to warming are extensive, however, in-field studies where growth temperature is manipulated to mimic global warming are limited. Here, we provide an overview of in-field heating techniques employed to understand crop responses to warmer growth environments. We then focus on key results associated with season-long warming, as expected with rising global mean temperatures, and with heat waves, as a consequence of increasing temperature variability and rising global mean temperatures. We then discuss the role of rising temperatures on atmospheric water vapor pressure deficit and potential implications for crop photosynthesis and productivity. Finally, we review strategies by which crop photosynthetic processes might be optimized to adapt crops to the increasing temperatures and frequencies of heat waves. Key findings from this review are that higher temperatures consistently reduce photosynthesis and yields of crops even as atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, yet potential strategies to minimize losses from high-temperature exist.
Calcium signalling components underlying NPK homeostasis: potential avenues for exploration
Authors: Pahuja Sonam , Bheri Malathi , Bisht Diksha , Pandey Girdhar K.
Published: July 2023

Plants require the major macronutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for normal growth and development. Their deficiency in soil directly affects vital cellular processes, particularly root growth and architecture. Their perception, uptake and assimilation are regulated by complex signalling pathways. To overcome nutrient deficiencies, plants have developed certain response mechanisms that determine developmental and physiological adaptations. The signal transduction pathways underlying these responses involve a complex interplay of components such as nutrient transporters, transcription factors and others. In addition to their involvement in cross-talk with intracellular calcium signalling pathways, these components are also engaged in NPK sensing and homeostasis. The NPK sensing and homeostatic mechanisms hold the key to identify and understand the crucial players in nutrient regulatory networks in plants under both abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss calcium signalling components/pathways underlying plant responses to NPK sensing, with a focus on the sensors, transporters and transcription factors involved in their respective signalling and homeostasis.
Reconstitution of ATP-dependent lipid transporters: gaining insight into molecular characteristics, regulation, and mechanisms
Authors: Herrera Sara Abad , Günther Pomorski Thomas
Published: July 2023

Lipid transporters play a crucial role in supporting essential cellular processes such as organelle assembly, vesicular trafficking, and lipid homeostasis by driving lipid transport across membranes. Cryo-electron microscopy has recently resolved the structures of several ATP-dependent lipid transporters, but functional characterization remains a major challenge. Although studies of detergent-purified proteins have advanced our understanding of these transporters, in vitro evidence for lipid transport is still limited to a few ATP-dependent lipid transporters. Reconstitution into model membranes, such as liposomes, is a suitable approach to study lipid transporters in vitro and to investigate their key molecular features. In this review, we discuss the current approaches for reconstituting ATP-driven lipid transporters into large liposomes and common techniques used to study lipid transport in proteoliposomes. We also highlight the existing knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the activity of lipid transporters, and finally, we address the limitations of the current approaches and future perspectives in this field.
Language-Specific Dual-Task Effects After Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salis Christos , Jarrar Rawand , Murray Laura L.
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The dual-task paradigm has been frequently used to examine stroke-related deficits because it samples behavioral performance under conditions of distraction similar to functioning in real-life environments. This original systematic review synthesizes studies that examined dual-task effects involving spoken language production in adults affected by stroke, including transient ischemic attack (TIA) and poststroke aphasia.

Method:

Five databases were searched (inception to March 2022) for eligible peer-reviewed articles. The 21 included studies reported a total of 561 stroke participants. Thirteen studies focused on single word production, for example, word fluency, and eight on discourse production, for example, storytelling. Most studies included participants who had suffered a major stroke. Six studies focused on aphasia, whereas no study focused on TIA. A meta-analysis was not appropriate because of the heterogeneity of outcome measures.

Results:

Some single word production studies found dual-task language effects whereas others did not. This finding was compounded by the lack of appropriate control participants. Most single word and discourse studies utilized motoric tasks in the dual-task condition. Our certainty (or confidence) assessment was based on a methodological appraisal of each study and information about reliability/fidelity. As 10 of the 21 studies included appropriate control groups and limited reliability/fidelity information, the certainty of the findings may be described as weak.

Conclusions:

Language-specific dual-task costs were identified in single word studies, especially those that focused on aphasia as well as half of the nonaphasia studies. Unlike single word studies, nearly all studies of discourse showed dual-task decrements on at least some variables.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23605311