bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Experience of State and Private Support for Public Art on the Example of the USA
Authors: Kartseva Ekaterina A.
Published: May 2022

The article examines the experience of direct and indirect state support for public art in the United States of America. The Russian model of culture financing differs from the Anglo-American one, but, despite completely different historical background and traditions, modern Russia seeks to be integrated into the creative economy, where the difference in approaches to cultural policy is offset by involvement in global processes. The United Nations declared 2021 the International Year of the Creative Economy for Sustainable Development. The agenda of the Government of the Russian Federation include the development of creative industries in the country. Public art is an effective method of building a city’s creative ecosystem.

The goals of mass agitation and propaganda were the backbone for the alternative concept of decorating public spaces that existed in the USSR, but, despite the unique system of training artistic personnel and the achievements of Soviet art historians and artists, this approach needs to be rethought in the current cultural environment. The visual culture of urban spaces today receives additional incentives due to the needs of sustainable urban development. At the same time, the search for optimal approaches to the dialogue on this matter between the authorities, the art community, and citizens has been at the stage of self-determination in recent years.

The article aims to study the features of support for public art in the United States. The article includes an overview of key American scientific publications on the topic and official materials of the National Endowment for the Arts, the “Art in Architecture” program of the General Services Administration of the US, the governments of the city departments of culture of New York, Chicago, San Jose, data from non-profit organizations and professional associations.

Formulated in the conclusions of the article, the management decisions, methods and tools for the public art development, based on the American experience, can be considered as recommendations for the development of public art projects in our country.
Intangible Cultural Heritage: Conceptual Approaches to the Phenomenon Definition
Authors: Kuptsova Irina A. , Sazonova Veronika A.
Published: May 2022

The article considers the main conceptual approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of intangible cultural heritage in contemporary humanitarian knowledge, in the international institutional and legal discourse of UNESCO, in Russian legislation and cultural policy. Despite the widespread use of the term “intangible cultural heritage” in international cultural practice in the interpretation of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, national approaches to understanding and theoretical justification of this concept in all three of the above directions differ at the level of fundamental foundations.

Structural changes in the Russian cultural sphere and the transition to sustainable development strategies using the potential of intangible cultural heritage led to the transformation of practical aspects of its protection and representation. In this regard, the issues of determining the intangible component of culture and improving the terminological base are an urgent area of research from both theoretical and practical points of view. The article analyzes the main stages of the formation of the term “intangible cultural heritage” in UNESCO’s international activities, the most significant directions of this discourse, its understanding in Russian normative and legal practice (in matters of defining and typologizing heritage, the relationship between its material, spiritual, contextual, spatial and landscape components, authenticity and integrity), as well as its impact on cultural policy and practice of protecting such heritage. In addition, the authors highlight the content and functional approaches to the determination of this phenomenon in social and humanitarian knowledge, examine the basis of the criteria of authenticity, and offer an author’s definition of intangible cultural heritage.
The School of Selected Students in the System of French Academic Art Education of the 18th Century
Authors: Agratina Elena E.
Published: May 2022

For the first time in Russian historiography, the article reconstructs the history of the School of Selected Students, established in 1747 as an additional link of academic art education. The article uses cultural-historical and socio-psychological approaches. The author refers to the numerous sources of the 18th—19th centuries stored in the National Library of France (Paris): treatises devoted to upbringing and art education in France in the 18th century, protocols of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, correspondence of the directors of the French Academy in Rome with the directors of royal buildings. Currently, the National Library of France is actively working on digitizing these and other materials, making them available to researchers around the world. Despite the fact that these sources are generally well known to the world scientific community, they have been extremely rarely referred by Russian researchers, and never in the context considered by the author.

The School existed for only 28 years and was a unique pedagogical experiment aimed at preparing the most talented (selected) young artists (laureates of the Prix de Rome) to enter the French Academy in Rome and, in the long term, at forming the elite of the art world.

In order to review the School of Selected Students in the system of French academic art education, the author solves the following research tasks: consistently reconstructs all the circumstances of the School’s foundation and organization, reveals its creators’ intentions, and also explains the position of its opponents, who, with their constant attacks, created a tense discussion field around the existence of this educational institution. In addition, the article identifies the names of major artists who left the School of Selected Students; examines its internal structure, charter, features of the educational process; defines the circle of people who were engaged in teaching; establishes which books were available to students. The author pays attention to the School’s everyday life: the relationship between students and mentors, discipline, daily routine, financial difficulties. The results obtained allow us to conclude that this experiment was successful, and explain why the School of Selected Students was closed without having existed for 30 years, despite the obvious successes of its graduates.
“Construction and Decorative Art” Magazine: A Forgotten Word in the Russian Artistic Criticism of the Early 20th Century
Authors: Medovarov Maksim V.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the history of the Moscow magazine “Construction and Decorative Art”, which played a significant role in Russian art criticism in 1903, despite its short (within six months) existence. This topic needs to be addressed due to the small number of comprehensive studies in the field of Russian art criticism of the early 20th century. On the basis of archival materials of censorship, the article reconstructs the creation circumstances of two homogeneous magazines (“Architecture and Decorative Art”, renamed “Free Art”, and “Construction and Decorative Art”) and their actual transformation into one press organ. There is examined the rapprochement of the architects Vasily Borin and Leonid Betelev with the scandalous journalist Alexey Filippov, their struggle for the permission to publish a new Moscow magazine about art in 1900—1902, the patronizing attitude of the Main Directorate for Press Affairs and the Moscow Governor-General to the new initiative of Filippov. The author introduces into scientific circulation important recorded sources related to the transfer of the rights to publish the magazine to Vasily Borin, and his attempt to pass off the former magazine of Filippov and Betelev as his own (hitherto non-existent) magazine “Free Art”. The article analyzes three issues of the illustrated magazine “Construction and Decorative Art” published in 1903. Basing on the data on the magazine’s format and prices, the author concludes that the publication turned out to be expensive and, therefore, unprofitable. The article pays particular attention to the views of Borin and Filippov on the development of contemporary art, Art Nouveau, and the activities of the artists of the group “Mir Iskusstva” (“World of Art”). In the context of a meaningful analysis of the magazine’s articles, there is discussed the honoring of the architect Nikolai Nikitin in connection with his anniversary. The author poses the question of how the issues of “Free Art” at the end of 1903 should be assessed. There are analyzed the causes for the mysterious closure of both the magazines in 1904—1905, which was not formalized in accordance with the law.
Efficiency of Arbitrary and Semi Arbitrary Markers for assessing Genetic Diversity in Natural Populations of Tecomella Undulata- An Important Timber yielding Tree Species of Rajasthan
Authors: Meena D. , Kant T.
Published: May 2022

The genetic variability and relationships among one twenty Tecomella undulata individuals representing twelve natural populations of Rajasthan were analyzed using ten RAPD and twenty-two ISSR markers. RAPD markers were found to be more efficient than the ISSR assay in respect to polymorphism detection, as they detected 96.10% polymorphism as compared to 91.02% for ISSR markers. But, multiplex ration (MR), heterozygosity (h), marker index (MI), average PIC value, resolving power (RP), total number of genotype specific marker loci, H, I, Ht, Hs and GST were more for ISSR than RAPD markers. Further, the dendrogram constructed based on the ISSR marker was able to segregate the twelve populations much clear and distinct as compared to RAPD markers. Data obtained in the present study supports ISSR markers as robust marker system suitable for genetic diversity studies and is also equally effective for characterization of the populations of Tecomella undulata from different geographical regions.
Phylogenetic characterization of Avian orthoavulavirus 1 clinical isolates reveals circulation of sub-genotypes II, VII.2 and XXI.1.1 in northern and southern, Philippines
Authors: Tolentino Jarel Elgin M. , Angeles Jorge Gil C. , Galay Remil L. , Umali Dennis V.
Published: May 2022

Newcastle disease (ND) is a disastrous and highly contagious viral disease that infects most species of wild and domestic birds worldwide. It is caused by Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV- 1) formerly known as Newcastle disease virus and characterized as an enveloped, negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to kingdom Orthornavirae, phylum Negarnaviricota, class Monjiviricetes, order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae and subfamily Avulavirinae. In the Philippines, the nature and molecular characteristic of this disease agent are poorly understood. This study is aimed to characterize AOAV-1 clinical isolates in different infection times and farm locations in the Philippines using nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Nucleotide sequencing of six field isolates revealed an amino acid sequence of 112RRQKRF117 indicating velogenic strains while the other two isolates revealed an amino acid sequence of 112GRQGRL117 indicating lentogenic strains. Phylogenetic analysis was done by comparing the detected viral isolates to 57 reference strains representing different genotypes and sub-genotypes of AOAV-1. Analysis of the phylogenetic tree showed that lentogenic AOAV-1 field isolates clustered to class II, genotype II and velogenic AOAV-1 field isolates clustered to class II, genotype VII, sub-genotype VII.2 and class II, genotype XXI, sub- genotype XXI.1.1. The circulation of class II, genotype VII, sub-genotype VII.2 (formerly known as sub-genotypes VIIa, VIIi, VIIh) was previously reported in the Philippines while the presence of class II, genotype II and class II, genotype XXI, sub-genotype XXI.1.1 isolates was reported here. The results from our analysis suggest the diversity of sub-genotypes of AOAV-1 strains circulating in the Philippines.
Plasma protein precipitation and comparative analysis of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) samples using SDS-PAGE
Authors: Bindu J. , Bhat Deepa , Apoorva M. , Akshatha T.S. , Harika S. , Bhavana V. , Nitin K.R. , Divyashree L. , Aruna N. , Nataraj Raghu
Published: May 2022

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive hereditary disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene leading to the production of abnormal haemoglobin-S which causes normal blood cells to ‘sickle’ by facilitating the polymerization of deoxygenated sickle haemoglobin. The condition imparts acute chest syndrome, vasoocclusive crisis, chronic haemolysis, pulmonary hypertension, edema and splenic sequestration in SCD individuals. Blood plasma from six patients diagnosed with SCD was collected, proteins were precipitated by acetone/TCA method and quantified through standard procedures. The quantified proteins were subjected to electrophoresis for the separation of proteins to observe the differences across protein band pattern in each sample.
Capsaicin in hot chili peppers as a potent free radical scavenger: An in vitro approach
Authors: Kalaiyarasi D. , Manobharathi V. , Mirunalini S.
Published: May 2022

In humans, countless chronic conditions are connected with the accumulation of free radicals. Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and reduce their effect. The hunt for natural antioxidants of plant provenance becomes an urgent primary concern. So, the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Capsaicin by using various in vitro assays such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS●+), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and reducing power. The findings from this study indicated that Capsaicin exhibited significant inhibition of free radical which was calculated as IC50 value compared with standard ascorbic acid. IC50 values of capsaicin and ascorbic acid were found to be 44.12μg/mL and 42.52μg/mL in DPPH radical assay, 39.89μg/mL and 37.75μg/mL in ABTS●+ radical assay, 43.65μg/mL and 48.33μg/mL in hydroxyl radical assay, 39.79μg/mL and 42.16μg/mL in superoxide anion radical assay, 31.37μg/mL and 30.90μg/mL in hydrogen peroxide radical assay, 43.30μg/mL and 42.45μg/mL in nitric oxide radical assay and 39.33μg/mL and 38.79 μg/mL in reducing power assay respectively. Therefore, capsaicin might be a good plant-based pharmaceutical product recommended as a potential antioxidant for various oxidative degenerative diseases and often serve as an effective radical scavenger or blocker.
Genetic diversity and populations structure of the endangered species Cunninghamia konishii Hayata in Vietnam using SSR molecular markers
Authors: Mai Phuong Pham , Dinh Duy Vu
Published: May 2022

Cunninghamia konishii Hayata is an endangered species and mainly distributed in four provinces (Ha Giang, Son La, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An) of Vietnam. Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to analyze 88 wild C. konishii trees from four populations. The data shows medium PIC value (0.412), 2.219 number of alleles per locus, 1.845 number of effective alleles and 100% polymorphic loci proportions. The moderate levels of genetic diversity level within the populations with 0.423 mean value of observed and 0.427 mean value expected heterozygosity. The moderate genetic differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.356) indicated low gene flow (Nm = 0.814). Populations in Central Vietnam (PH and XL) had a higher level of genetic diversity than the populations in Northern Vietnam (HSP and XN). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed high genetic variation within the population (76%) compared to among the population (24%). There was clear evidence of a bottleneck of C. konishii. Genetic structural analysis based on the Bayesian method divided the targeted population into two main groups related to gene flow among different areas. These results will set a preliminary genetic basis for the conservation and management of the endangered species C. konishii.
In vitro anti-cancerous activity of 2-tridecanone extracted from Ruta chalepensis
Authors: Vellaian Sathish , Shanmugam Kowsalya , Subramaniam Umavathi
Published: May 2022

Plants are rich source of therapeutic compounds that have tremendous applications in pharmaceutical industry. In recent years, cancer is a serious concern and large number of patients die due to cancer illnesses in spite of several interventions available. Development of effective and side effects lacking anticancer therapy is the trending research direction in healthcare pharmacy. The current investigation was carried out to confirm the outcomes of the methanolic extract of Ruta chalepensis leaves (Rutaceae) which inhibit the breast carcinoma cancer cell lines. R. chalepensis extract was carried out for the anticancerous activity for MCF–7 cells after treatment with various concentrations (0.1-1 mg/ml) of R. chalepensis extract for 48 hrs. The IC50 value of R. chalepensis extract on MCF-7 cells was determined by MTT assay as 493 ± 15.2 and 696.6 ± 11.5 μg/ml, respectively. The morphological changes that occurred in apoptotic cell were also perceived through Acridine Orange/ Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) staining and this helped in deducing that the cell death observed was not due to necrosis, but due to apoptosis. The methanolic extract of R. chalepensis and 2-Tridecanone used at concentration of 0.5 mg/ml decreased the percentage of viable cells in MCF-7 cells; the percentage of apoptotic cells has increased to 42.46 and 46.68% for MCF -7 cells respectively compared to untreated cells. However, treatment of R. chalepensis and 2- Tridecanone significantly increased apoptosis as compared with control cells. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis used different concentrations of methanol and chloroform in 1:4 rations. Using the Rf formula, the present investigation on R. chalepensis was carried out and different compounds were identified such as alkaloids, flavonoids, ketones, sterols, phenols, amino acid and tannin among ketones. The FT-IR analysis obtained with the reference chart revealed the presence of ketones to identify the functional groups. In this investigation, isolation of 2-Tridecanone from R. chalepensis extracts was analyzed for GCMS analysis. MS analysis revealed the presence of 2–Tridecanone compound. The HPLC analyses to purified classes of increasing polarity.
The aftermath of fireworks prohibition on Diwali festival due to COVID-19 situation: A case study of the air quality of metropolitan cities of India
Authors: Nagda Chirmaie , Kumar Kapil , Jhala Lalit Singh , Chouhan Chandrapal Singh , Rathore Devendra Singh
Published: May 2022

Diwali is a festival of joy and happiness celebrated by displaying extensive fireworks across India for a week. In the present scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic, to curtail the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere for better health, a ban on fireworks during the Diwali festival was imposed by many State Governments of India. This study aimed to investigate the prohibition of fireworks on concentrations of air pollutants during the Diwali festival in metropolitan cities of India. For this study, eight major metropolitan cities- Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Jaipur and Lucknow and air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2 and O3) were taken and compared with the data of Diwali festival 2019. The analysis suggested that PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, which were released from the bursting of firecrackers, were reduced on Diwali days in all the eight cities in 2020 in comparison to Diwali day of 2019. On the other hand, O3 was increased because of a reduction in NO concentration, which decreased the intake of O3. Overall, the ban improved the air quality of the different cities across India.
Synthesis and Characterization of Azo, Bis-Benzylidene and Pyranone based Polymers for NLO Application
Authors: Ravula Sampath , Sahoo Bijaya Ketan , Kolli Balakrishna
Published: May 2022

Various Azo, Bis-benzylidene and Pyranone based polymers were synthesized. Structurally, the polymers differ from each other by their alkyl chain moieties attached to their monomeric units. Structural characterization was made by NMR and IR, thermal stability was measured by thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From analysis of the characterization data, it was found that the Bis-benzylidene pyranone polymers are thermally stable up to 250 oC. These polymers were soluble in high polar solvents. Bis-benzylidene and pyranone based polymers were found to be completely soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) whereas azo based polymers were partially soluble in THF.
Studies on the corrosion inhibition properties of mimosa pudica on aluminium in alkaline medium
Authors: Brindha D. , Venkatraman B.R.
Published: May 2022

In the present work, the effect of Mimosa pudica leaves extract on the corrosion of aluminium in 1N NaOH was studied using weight loss measurements and electrochemical techniques such as Tafel Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. A maximum inhibition efficiency of 78% is observed at 1.2g/L of inhibitor concentration which was found to be consistent across all the methods employed. The temperature dependency inhibitive properties of the selected inhibitor were studied in the range 303- 333K. The adsorption behavior of the inhibitor on the surface of aluminium was studied by fitting Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the nature of adsorption was found to be physisorption. Metallurgical microscopic analysis of the aluminium surface with and without the inhibitor further validated the results.
GIS based approach for the assessment of water quality of the biodiversity heritage site of India - the Ameenpur lake, Hyderabad
Authors: Srinidhi N.S. , Madhusudhana Reddy P. , Anji Reddy M.
Published: May 2022

Ameenpur Lake, the Biodiversity Heritage Site of India is the first urban lake to be given the status of a heritage site by the National Biodiversity Authority of India in the year 2016. In the present study, the water quality of Ameenpur Lake has been carried out using GIS technology. The water samples were collected during Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon and Post-Monsoon seasons of the year 2019-20 and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Sulphates, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Fluorides, Phosphates, Nitrates, Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biological Oxygen Demand in the laboratory using American Public Health Association1 standard methods for water and wastewater treatment. Obtained results were compared with Bureau of Indian Standards. The results indicate that lake water is slightly alkaline in nature and most of the parameters were exceeding the permissible limits in all the three seasons. Statistical analysis has been used to calculate the correlation coefficient of different parameters. The correlation matrix shows that total alkalinity has significant correlation with calcium and magnesium, EC with chlorides, nitrates and fluorides, total hardness with calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates and total alkalinity and bicarbonates with calcium.
Design and synthesis of iron(II) complexes with Schiff bases derived from 6-aminopenicillanic acid and heterocyclic aldehydes
Authors: Sengar S. , Singh S.K. , Gupta M.K.
Published: May 2022

The reaction of iron (II) acetate with Schiff bases derived from the condensation reaction of benzaldehyde or indole-3-carboxaldehyde with (2S,5R,6R)-6-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1azabi cyclo[3.2.0] hepta -ne-2-carboxylic acid (6- Aminopenicillanic Acid) in 1:1 molar ratio gave a new series of iron(II) complexes. The coordination bond formation behaviour of Schiff bases with iron atom has been characterised by elemental analysis, conductance measurements, molecular weight determinations, IR, UV and 1H NMR spectral studies.
In vitro anticancer activity studies of Aspergillus terreus on uterine cervix Cancer cells
Authors: Rajitha P.B. , Prabhu Ashwini , Naik Prashantha
Published: May 2022

The exploration of new anticancer agents is in high demand owing to limitations of conventional therapies. This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Aspergillus terreus ethyl acetate extract on uterine cervix cancer cells. Secondary metabolites were extracted from broth cultures and total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocaltiu method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. The cytotoxic activity of the fungal extract was assessed using Methyl ThaizolylTetazolium bromide (MTT) assay on HeLa cells. Morphological changes in HeLa cells upon treatment with the extract were determined. The effect of the fungal extract on cell cycle arrest was evaluated using flow cytometry. The extract showed a significant free radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic content was found to be 16.76 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram dry weight of the extract. The extract exhibited a cytotoxic effect on the HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 92.68 μg/mL. Cell cycle analysis revealed that A. terreus induced G0/G1 arrest confirming its anticancer activity. Results of the present investigation revealed that crude extract of the A. terreus possesses potential anticancer properties.
Use of Herbal indicator from Bixa orellana seed in Volumetric Analysis
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Bhandari Ranu
Published: May 2022

Bixa orellana is a neotropical fast growing perennial tree of great agro industrial value because its seeds have a high carotenoid content, mainly bixin. It is currently used as a natural pigment in the food, in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and it is commercially known as annatto. Its famous name is “Urucum”, used by indigenous communities in Brazil and other tropical countries for several biological applications, which indicate its potential use as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical products. Annatto has traditionally been used for diabetes and snakebites. Annatto has recently been used as an ingredient in weight-loss products. It is used as folk medicine in the form of decoctions, tea and juices for the treatment of common infections. This species is used in production of phytochemicals like flavonoid, sterols, tannins, bisulphate and essential oil.
Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality using Multivariate Statistics of Physico-chemical Parameters to establish Baseline Level around proposed Jaitapur Nuclear Power Plant (JNPP), India
Authors: Shinde R.D. , Burungale S.H. , Supale A.R. , Chikode P.P. , Sabale S.R.
Published: May 2022

This study illustrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques to provide straightforward data interpretation as well as valuable insights of datasets to get better information about the water quality and helps to design monitoring networks for effective management of available water resources. In this study, Multivariate statistical analysis, Cluster analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, Water Quality Index and Piper diagram are used to analyze the water data and to prepare the baseline of water parameters around the proposed JNPP. Piper diagram indicates that the primary salinity ("non-carbonate alkali") exceeds 50 % which means that the chemical properties of water are dominated by alkalies and strong acids. Water quality indices indicate that water is non-polluted and fully fit for drinking purposes. Principal component analysis and factor analysis applied for water parameters point towards the common source of minerals and high level of dissolved organic matter. Trace metal analysis shows significant but little participation of zinc, copper, nickel, iron and barium in water quality. The baseline developed and the data obtained will be useful for the water quality analysis after post-plant operation in this region.
Eco-friendly and Efficient Synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-Benzo[d]imidazoles by using Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Patil Sachin V. , Nagargoje Deepak R.
Published: May 2022

We are herein reporting a new ecofriendly, convenient and facile method for the synthesis of 2-aryl-1- arylmethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles using sodium hypochlorite. Various imidazole derivatives were prepared from reaction of o-phenylenediamine with substituted aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes in aqueous ethanol at ambient temperature in one step with good to excellent yield. Easy reaction conditions, use of aqueous medium, easy isolation and purification of products make this method superior to other known methods.
FEATURES OF MEASURING THE DIAMETERS OF FOCUSED BEAMS OF HIGH-POWER LASER RADIATION
Authors: Андреев П.А. , Мануйлович И.С. , Сидорюк О.Е.
Published: May 2022

Описан метод измерения диаметра сфокусированного пучка мощного лазерного излучения, который может применяться в индустриальных и биомедицинских технологиях, основанных на взаимодействии интенсивного лазерного излучения с веществом. Предложенный подход основан на анализе треков, наблюдаемых при прохождении лазерного излучения через оптические элементы из материалов с наличием слабого, но заметного рассеяния. В качестве них могут быть успешно использованы образцы наноструктурированных стеклокерамик СО-115М (Astrositall), Zerodur, или Cleaceram.Показано, что математическая обработка регистрируемых цифровых изображений может рассматриваться аналогом стандартизованной методики, в которой измерение диаметра лазерного пучка основано на перемещении перпендикулярно его оси узкой щелевой диафрагмы с анализом интенсивности проходящего излучения. Отличительной особенностью предложенного способа является отказ от процедуры сканирования. Пошаговый сбор данных заменен одномоментной регистрацией аналогичного распределения значений сигналов в последовательности пикселей каждой строки фотоприемной матрицы, фиксирующей картину бокового рассеяния. Результатом является повышение точности измерений в силу исключения факторов нестабильности во времени как интенсивности лазерного излучения, так и пространственного положения сфокусированного пучка.

A method for measuring the diameter of a focused beam of high-power laser radiation is described, which can be used in industrial and biomedical technologies based on the interaction of intense laser radiation with matter. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of tracks observed when laser radiation passes through optical elements made of materials with weak but noticeable scattering. Samples of nanostructured glass ceramics SO-115M (Astrositall), Zerodur, or Cleaceram can be successfully used as them.It is shown that the mathematical processing of the recorded digital images can be considered an analogue of the standardized technique, in which the measurement of the laser beam diameter is based on the movement of a narrow slit diaphragm perpendicular to its axis with the analysis of the intensity of the transmitted radiation. At the same time, a distinctive feature of the proposed method is the rejection of the scanning procedure. Step-by-step data collection is replaced by one-step registration of a similar distribution of signal values in the sequence of pixels of each row of the photodetector matrix, which records the side scatter pattern. The result of this is an increase in the measurement accuracy due to the elimination of the instability factors in time of both the laser radiation intensity and the spatial position of the focused beam.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE REACTIVITY OF THE SYSTEM ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND PERIPHERAL TONE ON ADRENALINE AFTER 10 DAYS OF ADAPTATION TO THE COLD
Authors: Ананьев В.Н. , Прокопьев Н.Я. , Ананьев Г.В. , Семизоров Е.А. , Ананьева О.В. , Гуртовой Е.С.
Published: May 2022

В данной работе проведен анализ адренореактивности системного артериального давления и периферической реактивности артерий задней конечности кролика на различные дозы адреналина после адаптации животных к холоду в течение десяти дней. Наши исследования доказали, что после адаптации к холоду повышение артериального давления на возрастающие дозы адреналина снижается. Напротив, сокращение артерий после холода было больше, чем в контроле. Проведенное исследование показало, что реактивность артериального давления изменяется противоположно реактивности периферических артерий при действии холода. Это может внести существенный вклад в механизмы анализа действия различных лекарственных препаратов, действующих на адренергические рецепторы сердечно сосудистой системы при адаптации организма к холоду.

In this paper, the analysis of the adrenoreactivity of systemic blood pressure and peripheral reactivity of the arteries of the rabbit’s hind limb to various doses of adrenaline after animals adapt to the cold for ten days was carried out. Our studies have proven that after adapting to the cold, the increase in blood pressure decreases with increasing doses of adrenaline. On the contrary, the contraction of the arteries after the cold was greater than in the control. The study showed that the reactivity of blood pressure changes in contrast to the reactivity of peripheral arteries under the action of cold. This can make a significant contribution to the mechanisms of analysis of the action of various drugs acting on the adrenergic receptors of the cardiovascular system when the body adapts to cold.
ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ УРОВНЯ СФОРМИРОВАННОСТИ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ «4К» У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Authors: Байназарова Т.Б. , Турарбек С. , Жазыкбекова Е.Е. , Абдрасил Г.Б. , Сыздыкбаева А.Д.
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматривается феномен компетенций «4К». Авторы проанализировали исследования современных лидеров образования на примере Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона (Гонконг, Южная Корея, Сингапур, Япония) по выявлению ведущих компетенций (навыков) 21 века, таких как: разные виды базовых грамотностей, компетенции «4К» и качества характера для успешности в изменяющемся и динамичном мире. Определены структурные компоненты компетенций «4К»: креативность, критическое мышление, коммуникация, кооперирование. Критическое мышление определено как система суждений, которую применяют для анализа вещей и информации, интерпретации явлений, оценки событий, а также для последующего составления объективных выводов. Креативность рассмотрена как умение нешаблонно мыслить, находить новые решения, генерировать идеи для понимания и видения вещей свежим взглядом. Коммуникация как умение задавать и отвечать на вопросы, умение обращаться за разъяснением того, что оказывается непонятным, умение разъяснить свои идеи и предложения. Кооперация как готовность работать в команде, умение встраивать свою индивидуальную часть работы в общую работу группы. Проанализировано педагогическое условие для формирования компетенций «4К» в виде разработок креативных заданий. Представлена методика оценивания уровня сформированности компетенции «4К» у детей дошкольного возраста на примере видов деятельности (включение в деятельность, участие в решении, презентация результатов) при организации проектной деятельности в ОУД. Методика оценивания включает характеристику уровней сформированности (1-4) компетенции «4К» у детей дошкольного возраста.
ЗАРОЖДЕНИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНОВ ВЛАСТИ В СУЛТАНАТЕ ОМАН
Authors: Евдокимов Ю.И.
Published: May 2022

Мировой опыт постепенного вовлечения граждан в систему управления обществом и принятия государственных решений подвигает современные монархии к созданию коллективных и коллегиальных органов для ослабления напряженности в отношениях между властью и подданными с целью сохранения важнейших властных полномочий правящей династии. Таким путем в создании осовремененной политической системы можно считать обнародование монархом конституции, документально закрепляющей его власть, и создание законодательно-совещательных органов на основе национальных традиций с включением элементов современного парламента.
Langue, État, Nation: le modèle politique
Authors: Auroux Sylvain
Published: May 2022

L’originalité des théories juridiques et politiques occidentales tient essentiellement aux conceptions contractualistes, elles-mêmes issues des interprétations consensualistes du droit développées au 16ème siècle. Nos organisations démocratiques et notre conception de l’État en sont profondément imprégnées. Le Contrat Social de Rousseau est un ouvrage fondateur dont les principes mêmes n’ont pu être remis en cause par les théoriciens de la nation au 19ème siècle. L’État ainsi conçu comme une entité abstraite de construction conventionnelle et reposant sur le consentement individuel ; il s’oppose aux conceptions organicistes de la nation, telles que l’Europe les a connues à partir du romantisme allemand. Nous retrouvons facilement cette opposition dans les théories linguistiques. Il en résulte chez les contractualistes un rapport à la langue qui n’est susceptible de soutenir ni le nationalisme, ni le racisme linguistique.
Le problème de la langue et de la nation albanaise (19ème-20ème siècle)
Authors: Samara Miço
Published: May 2022

Jusqu’à présent il n’y a pas encore eu d’étude particulière, au plan théorique et pratique, sur les rapports réciproques entre la langue et la nation albanaise, sur les facteurs objectifs et subjectifs, politiques, sociaux et culturels (intérieurs et extérieurs), qui aille dans le sens d’une telle corrélation, ainsi que sur la spécificité de cette corrélation.

Ces problèmes seront traités dans cet exposé en les reprenant par période historiques : 1) durant la Renaissance albanaise (19ème siècle), 2) après la proclamation de l’Indépendance (1912), 3) après la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale (pendant le régime communiste) et 4) aujourd’hui, après l’établissement de la démocratie pluraliste en Albanie.
Trubetzkoy, Jakobson et la France, 1919-1939
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Claude
Published: May 2022

Jean-Claude CHEVALIER (CNRS-URA 381) : «Trubetzkoy, Jakobson and France, 1919-1939»

As soon as he started working in Bulgaria, Trubetskoy was welcome in the Société de linguistique de Paris by Meillet ; thanks to him, Trubetzkoy was to publish many papers in French in the Société and in the Revue des Etudes slaves, etc. He enjoyed a great scientific prestige in France until his death. On the other hand, the reception Jakobson got in France, from 1926 on, was more suspicious, and became later clearly hostile. Nonetheless, L. Tesnière, a specialist of the Slovene language, a Professor of the Faculty of Arts in Strasbourg, established strong and confiding links with Jakobson. Both linguists exchanged theirs books and reviews. They kept friendly relationships till 1940 and later on.
L'influence de Husserl en Russie au début du XXème siècle et son impact sur les émigrés russes de Prague
Authors: Dennes Maryse
Published: May 2022

Maryse DENNES (University of Bordeaux III) : «Husserl's influence in Russia in the Beginning of the XXth Century and on the Russian Emigrés in Prague»

In Russia, in the beginning of the twentieth century, Husserl’s work influenced some Russian philosophers who would later be in Prague (N. Losskij, B. Jakovenko). At Moscow university, R. Jakobson studied the «Logical researches» at first, then he met G. Špet, the leader of the Russian phenomenologic school. Špet's contribution to the activities of the Moscow Linguistic Circle was of main importance for Russian linguists who would later participate to the Prague Linguistic Circle (R. Jakobson, P. Bogatyrev). Considering the influence of phenomenology in Russia, we can also mention the importance of Baxtin's and Tynjanov's thoughts for the work of the Prague Linguist Circle.
Des éléments systémiques qui sautent les barrières des systèmes
Authors: Sériot Patrick
Published: May 2022

Patrick SÉRIOT, Univ. of Lausanne : «Systemic Elements Jumping across the Limits between Systems»

If language is «a system where everything is linked», the elements of the system can exist only inside the system. As their existence is only oppositive, they cannot materialize to jumping across the limits of the system.

It is therefore interesting that in the 1920' and 1930' two founders of phonology, R. Jakobson and N. Trubetzkoy, constantly strove to bring to the fore such «phonological unions of languages», where intrasystemic characteristics link several languages, which are not cognate, but geographically neighbouring.

The main point of this paper is that this lag between systemic principles and the claim that systemic characteristics can materialize to such an extent that they can pass from one system to another, can he understood only by reference to philosophical and epistemological problems, which include the biological conceptions of this period, the common ideological («eurasianist») conceptions in the Russian emigration, and, finally, the reception of romantic scientific theories (Naturphilosophie) in the Russian culture.
Jakobson and Bohemia / Bohemia and the East
Authors: Toman Jindřich
Published: May 2022

Jindřich TOMAN, Univ. du Michigan, Ann Arbor : «Jakobson et l'Ouest / la Bohème et l'Est»

On s'intéressera ici à un aspect crucial de l'idéologie culturelle de Jakobson : sa tentative pour intégrer les Tchèques dans le domaine culturel du monde slave oriental. C'est dans cette optique qu'on rend compte ici du livre de Jakobson de 1943 : La sagesse des anciens Tchèques. On en discute les principaux arguments, et retrace leur évolution à la fois dans l'œuvre de Jakobson et dans l'historiographie tchèque contemporaine.

On passe également en revue les réactions contemporaines à ce texte. On s'intéresse en particulier à la façon dont Jakobson entend la fonction du langage littéraire et certaines notions liées, comme celle de démocratie «intuitive» des anciens Slaves. Ceci nous conduit à la représentation jakobsonienne des Allemands, et à son interprétation de l'histoire allemande.

On n'a pas encore entrepris une étude précise de La sagesse, malgré son importance politique dans les années de sa publication. Outre combler une lacune, cette communication vise à s'interroger sur le concept de «savoir» tel qu'il est utilisé dans le Cercle linguistique de Prague.
Résumés des articles
Authors: Anonyme
Published: May 2022

(on trouvera ici un résumé anglais des articles en français, et, inversement, un résumé français des articles en anglais)
La langue comme système émergent
Authors: Berthoud Anne-Claude
Published: May 2022

Les idées que je me propose de développer dans cet ouvrage consacré à notre collègue Mortéza Mahmoudian s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une réflexion plus large conduite lors d’un débat organisé conjointement par le Conseil de la Science et de l’Académie des Sciences Humaines en novembre 1997, débat portant sur le thème « Les sciences humaines à l’horizon du 21e siècle ».

Il s’agit pour moi d’imaginer les grands défis auxquels les sciences humaines devront répondre demain face aux profondes mutations et inversions qui se préparent – celles notamment de nouveaux rapports entre systèmes et usages – et de montrer les apports et réponses possibles des sciences du langage à ces inversions. Je tenterai ici d’étayer ces réponses dans le métalangage qui est le nôtre et à partir des présupposés que partagent aujourd’hui certains adeptes de la pragmatique.
Identification et représentation de soi par le langage : cas de ayneha « j 'ai dit que… »
Authors: Niandou Chaïbou
Published: May 2022

Le présent article représente la partie introductive d’un travail de thèse que nous menons sur l’étude des variations linguistiques et culturelles et les degrés d’intercompréhension dans la communauté que nous appelons Ayneha.

L’histoire ou l’imaginaire des sociétés composites est une problématique à la fois complexe et fondamentale qui a longtemps préoccupé des chercheurs en histoire, ethnologie ou anthropologie. Aujourd’hui force est de constater que les informations fournies ne satisfont pas la plupart des sujets constituant la population de cette communauté. Le linguiste pourrait-il apporter sa pierre à la construction de l’édifice ? C’est dans cette optique que nous avons voulu diriger cet article.
On Roots and Rhizomes : The Private and the Public in the Soviet 1930s
Authors: Lahusen Thomas
Published: May 2022

The present article attempts to investigate how the categories of public and private were recontextualized during the social and political upheaval of the Soviet 1930s in a series of diaries, written by ordinary people, men and women, workers, peasants, students, a housewife and activist, members of the intelligentsia, and even a first secretary of the Soviet Writers’ Union.
Les voyelles d’aperture moyenne en français du Québec
Authors: Martina Pierre
Published: May 2022

Nous présenterons ici les résultats d’une recherche conduite au cours des dernières années à l’Université Laval de Québec. Notre objectif était de connaître la structure et le fonctionnement phonologique et phonétique du système vocalique moyen actuel du français du Québec.
Biographie de Mortéza Mahmoudian
Authors: Anonyme
Published: May 2022

Biographie de Mortéza Mahmoudian
L'impersonnel et le personnel indéfini, le traitement du «sujet», en particulier dans les phrases infinitives du russe contemporain
Authors: Fontaine Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

J. Fontaine porte son attention sur les rapports entre la notion de personnel et celle de possessif, dans les propositions infinitives en russe, « à une place syntaxiquement marquée mais sémantiquement aléatoire ».
De la phrase impersonnelle au syntagme nominal
Authors: Karolak Stanislaw
Published: May 2022

Les contributions convergentes de S. Karolak, T. Muryn & B. Wydro illustrent, en l’appliquant chacune à des faits particuliers (énoncés athématiques, préfixes modaux du type il se peut, il est possible, phrases en il y a), une position théorique commune, qui présente trois caractéristiques saillantes : (i) elle attribue aux régularités du niveau sémantique un rôle déterminant dans la structure des énoncés ; (ii) elle pose en principe que tout énoncé, par nécessité logique, a une structure binaire sujet + prédicat ; (iii) elle s’appuie sur une conception de la vérité comme accord entre la réalité et le discours d’un locuteur universel idéalement objectif.
Les propositions impersonnelles vues par les représentants du courant psychologique en Russie (A.A. Potebnja et D.N. Ovsjaniko-Kulikovskij)
Authors: Kokochkina Elena
Published: May 2022

La fin du XIXe siècle se marque, dans la linguistique en Russie, par un intérêt accru pour la syntaxe. Parmi les problèmes qui restent irrésolus, celui du statut grammatical des propositions impersonnelles s’avère être un des plus importants et met dans l’embarras plusieurs chercheurs, écrit Klassovskij (1815-1877) dans son livre Nerešennye voprosy v grammatike [Questions irrésolues dans la grammaire]. Il faut comprendre qu’en effet, cette question ne constitue qu’un aspect d’un problème plus grand, qui est celui du statut logique et grammatical du sujet et celui du statut de la proposition en général.
La longue aventure de l'impersonnel
Authors: Rousseau André
Published: May 2022

A. Rousseau suit le devenir des constructions impersonnelles à la trace de l’indo-européen jusqu’aux langues indo-européennes attestées. Il tente de reconstituer les configurations casuelles qu’elles ont successivement incarnées, et les processus analogiques de régularisation ou de réanalyse auxquels elles ont vraisemblablement donné lieu à plusieurs reprises.
Des verbes avalents aux constructions sans prime actant : Etudes sur des exemples serbocroates et leurs équivalents français
Authors: Točanac Dušanka
Published: May 2022

D. Točanac explore les possibilités de la grammaire de dépendance et de la théorie de la valence de Tesnière pour mettre en évidence la structure actantielle de différentes constructions impersonnelles en serbo-croate et les fonctions qui en découlent.