bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental management in tourism
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Nianko Viktoriia , Apelt Halyna , Zhumbei Marianna , Oliinyk Natalia
Published: July 2021

Environmental management is used as a management system for various types of activities that can cause damage to nature, it promotes the creation and development of environmentally friendly industrial activities, as well as promotes the development of environmental culture among citizens. Environmental management is an important component of the management of a modern enterprise, allowing you to achieve balance in the system of relations “nature-production activity». The development of tourism based on the extraction of maximum profit has led to the emergence of various environmental, economic and social problems in tourist areas. The development of green tourism helps to reduce the level of negative impact of tourism on the natural environment. Agrotourism, in addition to environmental problems, allows us to solve a number of socio-economic problems in rural areas. Agrotourism contributes to the formation of a harmonious relationship between man and nature
Environmental awareness of generation “Z” as a trend in the development of modern hotel business enterprises
Authors: Vorontsova Galina , Vorontsova Anna , Sandrina Victoria , Klein Ekaterina , Skobeltcyna Anna
Published: July 2021

This article covers the analysis of the influence of the pandemic on the development of hospitality facilities in St. Petersburg, determination of their development trends, identification of needs of Generation Z as a growing segment of hotel services consumers, consideration of the essence of the notion “environmental awareness” in the hospitality industry, mechanisms of its formation in Generation Z and practical approaches to eco-projects implementation in the industry.
Analysis of the prospects for sustainable development of rural and ecological tourism in Russia on basis of global experience
Authors: Petrova Marina V.
Published: July 2021

The goal of research was the carrying-out of analysis of the rural and ecological tourism in Russia and the determination of the prospects for the transition to sustainable tourism development based on the experience of foreign countries and areas of the world. Based on the author’s own data, as well as expert assessments, an analysis of the prospects and opportunities for the development of rural tourism in Russia was carried out. In the course of the research performance, the necessity of the diversification of Russia rural economy was substantiated, which will contribute to the creation of conditions for alternative employment of the population in non-agricultural sectors, in particular, in rural tourism. As the result, recommendations were elaborated for the transition to sustainable tourism development in rural areas of Russia.
Evaluation of sustainable tourism practices in the state of Bihar, India
Authors: Singh Ajit Kumar , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar , Tyagi Priyanka
Published: July 2021

The impact of tourism on the local community and environment has raised the concern of the sustainability of tourist destinations. Therefore, in the year 1998, the World Tourism Organization (WTO) [1] enriched the concept of sustainable tourism by defining it as “tourism development that can meet the demand of both tourists and host communities while preserving, and improving the opportunity for future development”. This paper tends to explore the current condition of sustainable tourism in Bihar. Primary data are collected from the ten major tourist destinations of the state, i.e., Patna, Gaya, Bodhgaya, Rajgir, Nalanda, Raxaul, Munger, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, and Bhagalpur. The finding of this paper supports that sustainable practices at tourist places of Bihar are not significantly full fill the tourist expectations. Also, most people think that the state government is not taking the necessary steps and initiatives for the sustainable development of tourism in Bihar. This research paper’s findings help tourism stakeholders understand the current conditions of sustainable tourism in the state and help them reframe their policies and strategies for the overall development of the tourism sector.
The role of ecological tourism in achieving sustainable development goals in the EAEU
Authors: Vyazovskaya Veronika , Falchenko Oksana , Savelyeva Irina , Pankova Ekaterina , Molina Almanza Luis Cesar
Published: July 2021

The authors propose to consider certain aspects of sustainable tourism development and assess their contribution to the development of the economies of the EAEU countries. The article provides an assessment of the development of ecological tourism in the EAEU countries, based on existing indicators, including evaluation of the level of competitiveness of tourism, the development of special protection conservation areas, data on environmental education and tourism activities on the territory of the state wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. The authors draw conclusions about the need to create a unified policy and regulatory framework for the development of ecological tourism in the EAEU, to work out a system of indicators and to create tourism assessment methodology for sustainable development. Besides, it is important to introduce a set of measures for information, marketing and staffing to develop ecotourism in the EAEU countries. Competitiveness in ecotourism remains low.
Methodology for assessing the executives’ performance ensuring the healthcare companies sustainable development
Authors: Kulkova Inna , Mikhaylova Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

The article presents the methodological tools for the evaluation the executives’ performance ensuring the companies’ sustainable development: the essence and the quantitative assessment concept of the organizational leaders’ performance; the performance conceptual apparatus features and assessment. The performance evaluation concept is proposed on the basis of various management theories combining, taking into account the stage of the organization’s life cycle. The performance evaluation stages are shown in five blocks. An indicative approach is used to assess performance, it is quantified as an indicator which integrates particular performance indicators that characterize the goals achievement for the main managing parameters (finance, patient relations, business processes, staff training and growth, and corporate management). The indicative approach features to the integrated commercial organization heads performance assessment are shown using commercial healthcare company as an example. The lifecycle stage is reflected by modification the number, composition, weights and standards value of assessment indicators. The necessity of BSC building is justified as a reflection of the social orientation and the profit generation sustainable development for the medical organization.
Transformation of the management model of a petrochemical enterprise in the context of industry 4.0 challenges
Authors: Shinkevich Alexey , Barsegyan Naira , Petrov Vladimir , Klimenko Tatyana
Published: July 2021

The need to restructure, redesign or develop a management model on a scientific basis at domestic petrochemical enterprises in the context of the challenges of industry 4.0 and the prospects of industry 5.0, the transition to new management standards, the lack of qualified managers determine the importance and relevance of the problem of choosing the optimal organizational structure of enterprise management that contributes to the most effective achievement of goals. When designing and evaluating the effectiveness of organizational management structures, modeling was used using the production function, which takes into account the indicators of the use of human and material capital in the organization of production. The article summarizes the research and development that allows us to assess the current level of development of organizational structures of petrochemical enterprises in domestic and foreign science and practice. It is proposed to calculate the ranges of indicators of the effectiveness of the management system, depending on the type of organizational structure of management. As a hypothesis, it is noted that with organic types of organizational structures, the level of resource saving is higher than with divisional OSU, the level of resource efficiency of which, in turn, is higher than with mechanistic OSU. The scientific results presented in the study are of significant importance in the context of the implementation of projects on strategies for the development of organizational structures of petrochemical enterprises.
The institutional environment of extractive industries as a driver of sustainable development in resource-driven economies
Authors: Knysh Valentin , Ponomarenko Tatiana
Published: July 2021

Many resource-driven economies (RDE) of low- and middle-income countries are in captivity of the “resource curse”, which is usually associated with the presence in the country of natural reserves of metals, minerals, oil, gas. For several decades, macroeconomic and institutional theories have differently explained why resource dependence in most countries leads to weak economic growth and poverty. Numerous hypotheses and econometric studies expand knowledge about the phenomenon of the resource curse, but the problem for many countries with RDE remains unresolved. In the last 7-8 years prevails the opinion that mining can help countries with RDE to enter the trajectory of sustainable growth. But for this it is necessary to improve the quality of national institutions. It remains unclear how to stimulate a positive transformation of the institutional environment of a resource-dependent economy. The idea of the work is to focus on changing the institutional environment of the extractive industries, and not on the country’s economy as a whole. This approach has been little studied, but its application in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, 2015-2030) can help increase the contribution of the extractives sector to the sustainable development of a country with RDE and low or middle income. Institutionalization of international sectoral initiatives, introduction of international standards and best practices into the institutional environment of the national extractives sector will have a stimulating effect. For responsible investors, the environmental dimension of sustainability is becoming increasingly important.
Improving the financial stability of economic entities in the agricultural sector
Authors: Chernyakov Michail M. , Chernyakova Maria M. , Gromov Sergei S. , Mukhtorzada Saidmukhtori S.
Published: July 2021

The article analyses the financial stability of the Russian agrarian sector in Russia with consideration of regional characteristics of development in the context of digitalisation. A comprehensive system of absolute and comparative assessment of the agricultural industry stability was developed to test the hypothesis of its dependence on risks. An author’s methodology for assessing agricultural risks of the digital economy was developed. A set of measures is proposed to improve the financial sustainability of agricultural production in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Evolution of auditor’s report in the focus of sustainable development of socio-economic systems
Authors: Amanzholova Bibigul , Khomenko Elena , Imansakipova Alina , Kulekeshova Aisulu
Published: July 2021

The article presents two focuses on the study of the evolution of the audit report. The first is the study of the audit report as an indicator characterizing the sustainability of such a socio-economic system as audit. The second is the study of the audit report as a factor contributing to the growth of trust and increase the information value of reporting for the sustainable development of both separate economic entities and socio-economic systems. The authors established a framework for the functioning of audit as a socio-economic system, which allowed assess the sustainability of this system in dynamics. Based on the analysis of statistical information the authors formulated the proposals on some key matters of the Russian audit. The first is the necessity to clarify the subject and scope of audit activities, taking into account the current needs of audit services consumers and analysis of practice. The second is the possibility of expanding the format of the audit report on the financial statements for different groups of audited entities. The third is the expansion of the practice of performing the audit engagements on non-financial reporting. The authors recognized the evolution of standards, but at the same time, they raised the question of the need to study the effects of changes in the regulation of the audit report. The authors' approach to the audit report investigation launched the prospects for further research. They covers analysis of the contradictions between the audited entity requirements and stakeholders requirements for the audit report; and assessment of the impact of audit report under the standard form on the satisfaction of various groups of the financial statements users, taking into account the considerable differences and contradictions in their requirements.
Economic security in the management system of environmental sustainability of investment processes
Authors: Popov Alexey
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to current issues of economic security of economic entities in strengthening environmental sustainability in the implementation of investment activities. The generalized experience of global and local ecological problems demands careful planning and introduction of ecological actions which are formed at a design stage. The author discusses the basic contents of the section “Environment protection” of the design documentation allowing to level threats to ecological safety during construction and operation of an object of investments. The author reviews methods to assess the environmental and economic efficiency of investment projects, the main complexity of which is the allocation of the influx of funds as a result of increased environmental responsibility of business entities. The author justifies the inclusion of the environmental goodwill indicator in the balanced scorecard used to comprehensively assess the activities of enterprises, which will more fully disclose information about the company environmental policy, having a direct impact on financial performance, the improvement of which will ensure economic security and sustainable development.
New fat ingredients in confectionary for a healthy diet
Authors: Baranova Zinaida , Nikonovich Sergey , Tarasenko Natalia , Baranova Elena , Kucherova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

An important segment of the functional food market is products of the confectionery industry covered with chocolate or confectionery glaze for a healthy diet. The selection of high-quality and technological fat ingredients for the glaze for such products is often difficult due to the specific properties of the functional ingredients in the glaze composition. An additional source of concern is the realization that there are a limited number of vegetable oils and fats in nature that have optimal crystallization and melting characteristics. Therefore they must be subjected to modification processes, such as hydrogenation, to form the hardness and main rheological characteristics of the future fat base. Such processes can negatively affect the consumer properties of the ready-made glaze, due to the formation of trans-isomers of fatty acids. A technology for the production of new fat ingredients by a combined method has been developed. On the basis of the obtained cocoa butter substitutes of non-tempered mixed type, which do not contain trans-isomers of fatty acids, and have optimal characteristics of crystal formation, experimental batches of confectionery glaze were produced and a set of indicators that form the consumer properties of the ready-made product was investigated. The result of the study was practical recommendations for the use of confectionery glazes based on the developed fat ingredients.
The use of celery stalks powder of infrared drying in bakery products
Authors: Kopylova Anastasiia V. , Motovilov Oleg K. , Sapozhnikov Aleksandr N. , Levin Timofey A. , Rybakolnikova Inna Y.
Published: July 2021

Celery stalks are a source of useful nutritional substances. However, their shelf-life is short, so processing them into the powder of infrared (IR) drying is the optimal way to keep their useful properties. Using celery stalks in powder form can prolongate their shelf-life and introduce them into bakery products formulations. Thus, bakery products range will expand, what contributes to the aims of bakery enterprises sustainable development. The paper shows the research results in the development of new bakery production using celery stalks powder of IR-drying. The experiments showed that the celery stalks powder slightly changes carrying out the technological process, and the bakery product has got high sensory characteristics and nutritional value. So, the developed technology can be implemented practically.
Formation of intellectual and pedagogical competence of postgraduates in the conditions of a steadily developing innovative educational environment
Authors: Kachalov A.V. , Kachalov D.V. , Kachalova L.P. , Kolmogorova I.V. , Kolosovskaya T.A.
Published: July 2021

The article substantiates the need for the formation of the intellectual and pedagogical competence of postgraduates of future university teachers in the conditions of a sustainable innovative educational environment. The essential characteristic of intellectual and pedagogical competence, its components, including the ability to apply the acquired knowledge for the effective implementation of the process of teaching and upbringing of students, the ability to innovative pedagogical activity are revealed. The relevance of the problem of the formation of this competence at the scientific and pedagogical level is due to the need to select the content of educational disciplines of the pedagogical cycle, based on the requirements of the professional activity of a teacher, a teacher-researcher with a focus to new social demands, that determine the goals of sustainable development of higher education. In a professionally oriented aspect, the formation of the intellectual and pedagogical competence of postgraduates is directly dependent on the ability to implement educational programs, to apply modern technologies and methods of teaching and educating students, on the readiness for pedagogical activity as a teacher, teacher-researcher, which entails the need to master intellectual and pedagogical knowledge and skills, projected on the solution of professional tasks, that constantly arise in the educational process.
Analysis of the representation of key topics of sustainable development in subject educational standards of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya Lada , Korotenko Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Education for Sustainable Development is an area of activity that aims at fostering responsible members of society. The very process of personality formation within the educational environment cannot be divorced from the use of standardized technologies, procedures, techniques and teaching methods, the designation of significant areas of knowledge and the developed methods for assessing the results of the development of competencies. Subject standards, as part of the country’s educational standard, are designed to coordinate the process of assimilating meaningful information, developing skills and acquiring skills to meet the needs of representatives of the current generation, without putting at risk the capacity of generations to come in meeting their own requirements. The study analyzes the current educational standards of the Kyrgyz Republic from the point of view of comparing the approaches of standard environmental education and Education for Sustainable Development. The features of the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach in the study of economic, social and environmental aspects are revealed. Steps are proposed to improve subject standards in order to ensure both information sufficiency and the formation of behavioral practices consistent with the key accents reflected in the conventions on climate change, combating desertification and biodiversity.
Digital education prospects after COVID 19
Authors: Dragunova Evgeniia , Sokolova Anna
Published: July 2021

The article describes the transformation of higher education during and after the pandemic. Digital Education is examined as one of the ways that can ensure the achievement of sustainable development goals. Not only positive features of digital education but also obstacles on the way to its development and implementation are considered. It’s determined how much the scientific community is interested in the subject of digital education. There has been analyzed the sentiment of blogosphere visitors who create and discuss the content related to the topic of digital education. The analysis identifies that negative posts are associated with the topic of digital security and the risk of digital addictions. In addition, this article presents the results of Internet-based testing of students that reveal the level of digital literacy and readiness to work in a digital environment. The problems students face are mainly related to aspects such as “digital content creation skills” and “digital security”. Also, the analysis of the frequency of interaction with gadgets and the risk of student digital addiction is carried out. It’s revealed that some of the respondents have a risk of internet addiction and a high level of nomophobia.
Immer wieder anders
Authors: Zander Andrea
Published: July 2021

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser!

Haben Sie auch gerade einen oder sogar mehrere Patienten mit einer distalen Radiusfraktur in Behandlung? Erfahren Sie dabei erneut, wie unterschiedlich, wie langwierig, ja wie frustrierend auch manchmal die Rehabilitation dieser Patienten ist? Ich erlebe das fast täglich in meinem handtherapeutischen Alltag. Jeder Patient ist dabei eine neue Herausforderung! Sehen Sie, und deshalb haben wir unsere neue Ausgabe diesem Thema gewidmet.
Virtuelles DAH-Symposium
Authors: Zander Andrea
Published: July 2021

Daumenkunstgelenke, PIP-Gelenkersatz und Radiusfraktur: Die virtuelle Zusammenkunft der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Handchirurgie (DAH) vom 7.–8. Mai 2021 hatte einiges zu bieten.
Die distale Radiusfraktur – Klassifikation, Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Maegele Marc
Published: July 2021

Seit gut 15 Jahren gilt die winkelstabile palmare Plattenosteosynthese als Standardverfahren der operativen Versorgung nach distaler Radiusfraktur. Ein primär nichtoperatives Vorgehen kann jedoch durchaus eine sinnvolle und effektive Therapieoption darstellen. Anfänglich nicht erkannte oder nicht ausreichend adressierte Begleitverletzungen führen zu Instabilitäten bis hin zum karpalen Kollaps mit Panarthrose und beeinflussen das Behandlungsergebnis signifikant.
Die Befunderhebung der radialen Handgelenkseite
Authors: Rebsamen Amisha , Pasternak Itai
Published: July 2021

Rhizarthrose, De-Quervain- oder Wartenberg-Syndrom: Pathologien der radialen Handgelenkseite sind nicht immer einfach voneinander abzugrenzen. Die Fähigkeit der spezifischen Palpation und Testung der verschiedenen anatomischen Strukturen ist für eine präzise Untersuchung deshalb essenziell.
Die Verantwortung der Gegner
Authors: Risse Ludger
Published: July 2021

„Wenn du nicht mit am Tisch sitzt, stehst du vielleicht auf der Speisekarte.“ Diese Erkenntnis ist vielfach zitiert, beispielsweise von Andreas Westerfellhaus. Und leider steht die Pflege in Deutschland derzeit auf der Speisekarte, etwa beim Thema Pflegekammer!
Gemeinsam für die Pflege #KAP – Konzertierte Aktion Pflege
Authors: Girts Sabine , Lange Jette
Published: July 2021

Im Jahr 2019 startete die Konzertierte Aktion Pflege (KAP) unter der Federführung des Bundesgesundheits-, des Bundesfamilien- und des Bundesarbeitsministeriums gemeinsam mit den Ländern und allen relevanten Akteuren im Pflege- und Gesundheitswesen. Der Bundesverband Pflegemanagement ist im Dachgremium sowie in vier Arbeitsgruppen der KAP vertreten.
Mass-Like Fat at the Medial Midfoot: A Common Pseudolesion
Authors: Strickland Colin D. , Patten Luke W. , Durst Michael J. , Merkle Alexander N.
Published: July 2021

Background Fatty masses are common and may be encountered in the foot and ankle. In some cases, normal subcutaneous fat may be mistaken for a discrete mass.

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the common finding of prominent subcutaneous fat at the medial midfoot resembling a lipoma and to determine the prevalence of this pseudolesion by applying a series of potential size cutoff criteria.

Materials and Methods Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively evaluated 91 sequentially performed magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the ankle to measure fat resembling a discrete lipoma at the medial midfoot. Each blinded reader measured the largest area of continuous subcutaneous fat in orthogonal axial, coronal craniocaudal, and coronal transverse dimensions. Patient age, sex, and study indications were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with R and SAS 9.4 software

Results A discrete fatty pseudolesion as defined by measuring at least 1 cm in all planes by measurements of at least two of three readers was present in 87% of cases (79 of 91). When a size criterion of 1.5 cm was used, a pseudolesion was documented in 14% of cases (13 of 91). There was a significant correlation between larger pseudolesion size and female sex in the axial plane; however, there was no correlation in the coronal craniocaudal and coronal transverse dimensions.

Conclusions Subcutaneous fat at the medial midfoot often has a mass-like appearance that could be mistaken for a lipoma. It is important to recognize this pseudolesion variant and not to confuse the imaging appearance for a discrete mass.
Birmingham Intervention Tent Technique (BITT): A Technical Note
Authors: Rajakulasingam R. , Kho J. , Almeer G. , Azzopardi C. , James S. L. , Botchu R.
Published: July 2021

Objective We describe a novel and safe CT biopsy technique that we have termed the “Birmingham intervention tent technique (BITT).” This technique is ideal for biopsying osseous lesions where a direct approach is not possible due to difficult positioning.

Methods The BITT uses a plastic surgical forceps clamp attached at an angle to the biopsy needle, creating a tent shape. The finger rings of the forceps is stabilized on the table.

Results In our institution, we have already used the BITT successfully in over 10 cases.

Conclusion The BITT is an inexpensive and reproducible technique.
Sniffing out danger: rapid antipredator training of an endangered marsupial
Authors: Taylor Rachel , Coetsee Amy L. , Doyle Rebecca E. , Sutherland Duncan R. , Parrott Marissa L.
Published: July 2021

Globally, predator aversion training has assisted naive prey species to learn to evade introduced predators, improving translocation success. Eastern barred bandicoots (Perameles gunnii; hereafter ‘bandicoot’) are extinct on mainland Australia due to habitat loss and introduced predators, and are the focus of a long-term captive breeding and reintroduction program. Our trials showed that captive bandicoots failed to recognise cat (Felis catus) scents as belonging to a predator, suggesting prey naivety towards cats. We trialled five stimuli to elicit short-term fear behaviour in bandicoots. An automatic compressed air spray and automatic bin lid were most effective. We coupled these stimuli with cat urine during predator aversion training and presented them to bandicoots on three occasions. Bandicoots learnt to avoid the area containing cat urine, suggesting bandicoots are capable of learning new behaviours rapidly. Six trained and five untrained captive bandicoots where released onto Summerland Peninsular, Phillip Island (with cat densities at 1.1 cats/km2). Both had high survival and recapture rates 7 months after release. Training endangered species to avoid introduced predators could assist with long-term species recovery.
Audit Forum: Lessons From Previous FDA Observations – Drugs
Authors: Moldenhauer Jeanne
Published: July 2021

Reviewing previous FDA Inspection Findings (FDA-483s) and Warning Letters can provide useful information in preparing for audits and regulatory inspections at your facility. While it can be difficult to find specific FDA-483s on the Internet, there is data published by FDA of the specific types of drug, device, and biologics inspections observations for each year. This data is provided in Excel spreadsheets by FDA. It can be useful to re-organize the information into more useful formats for analysis. By year, there is a table of the number of observations in each major category.
Myosin light chain kinase-driven myosin II turnover regulates actin cortex contractility during mitosis
Authors: Taneja Nilay , Baillargeon Sophie M. , Burnette Dylan T.
Published: July 2021

The actin cortex drives cell shape changes. Here we report that myosin light chain kinase regulates myosin II turnover at the cortex, cortex tension, and membrane blebbing during mitosis.
4. The Personal and Property Consequences of Marriage and Civil Partnership
Authors: Lowe N V , Douglas G
Published: July 2021

This chapter discusses the key personal legal consequences of marriage and civil partnership. These include the use of surname, sexual intercourse, evidence in legal proceedings, contracts, torts, criminal law, and citizenship and right to live in the UK. It then turns to the implications of marriage on general property law, covering the modern law and reform proposals.
8. Parents and Guardians
Authors: Lowe N V , Douglas G
Published: July 2021

This chapter focuses on the fundamental legal status and one that is critical to family law, namely that of parenthood. It also discusses guardianship which, as it has now been developed, is a status akin to parenthood acquired through formal testamentary or judicial appointment by which appointed persons replace deceased parents for certain purposes during the child's minority.
10. What is Parental Responsibility?
Authors: Lowe N V , Douglas G
Published: July 2021

This chapter discusses the meaning of parental responsibility. It covers the international acceptance of the concept of parental responsibility; contexts in which parental responsibility is relevant; what parental responsibility comprises; liability for children's acts; and liability for interference with parents' and children's rights.
12. The Welfare Principle
Authors: Lowe N V , Douglas G
Published: July 2021

This chapter is concerned with the welfare principle, which the courts are called upon to apply when determining any question concerning a child's upbringing or the administration of his property. This is governed by Section 1 of the Children Act 1989. The discussions cover the paramountcy of the child's welfare; criticisms of the welfare principle; the importance of an ongoing relationship with both parents after family separation; delay prima facie prejudicial to the child's welfare; and the provision that the court ‘shall not make the order or any of the orders unless it considers that doing so would be better for the child than making no order at all’.
15. Children and Local Authorities
Authors: Lowe N V , Douglas G
Published: July 2021

This chapter explains the basic legal framework and provisions for local authorities to provide services for families. It covers the general role of the courts and local authorities; an overview of the development of local authority powers; the current law; general duty of local authority to children in need; specific duties and powers; accommodating children in need; and secure accommodation.
21. Financial Obligations to Members of the Family
Authors: Lowe N V , Douglas G
Published: July 2021

A legal obligation to provide financial support for another member of the family, often referred to as ‘family solidarity’ in civil law systems, may be seen as the most tangible recognition of the moral ties created by family relationships. This chapter begins with a brief review of the historical development of the law, including the role of the welfare state. It then considers mechanisms whereby family members can seek support from each other, namely through private agreements, court orders, and finally under the child support scheme.
23. Financial Remedies:
Authors: Lowe N V , Douglas G
Published: July 2021

Most of the legislation governing the financial arrangements on the ending of a marriage dates back over 40 years, when attitudes and economic and social factors affecting marriage were very different. This chapter examines courts' attempts to keep the law in step with societal changes through case-law. It considers how the orders made by the courts are enforced or altered in the light of subsequent events, and what provision can be made for spouses who are divorced abroad and may have been unable to receive appropriate financial protection in those proceedings. It concludes by discussing proposals for thoroughgoing reform of this area of law.
25. Inheritance and Intestacy
Authors: Lowe N V , Douglas G
Published: July 2021

When a person dies, there are various legal consequences, the most important of which will concern the status of any partner, if the deceased was married or had a civil partnership, and the distribution of any property the deceased owned. This chapter first considers the rare situation where a person's death must be legally presumed so that a spouse or civil partner can regard her or himself as free to remarry, and relatives can deal with his or her estate. It then examines the law concerning succession.
Assessment of Financial Conflicts of Interest Related to the Use of Dermal Substitutes in Burn Management
Authors: Radparvar Jacob , Tian Tina , Karamchandani Manish , Aalberg Jeffrey , Driscoll Daniel , Homsy Christopher , Chatterjee Abhishek
Published: July 2021

This study aims to systematically review the accuracy of the self-reporting of conflicts of interest (COIs) among studies related to the use of dermal substitute products in burn management and evaluate factors associated with increased discrepancies. To do so, a literature search was done to identify studies investigating the use of dermal substitutes in burn management published between 2015 and 2019. Industry payments were collected using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database. Declared COIs were then compared with the listed payments. Studies and authors were considered to have a COI if they received payments totaling more than $100 for each company. A total of 51 studies (322 authors) were included for analysis. Forty studies and 104 authors received at least one payment from the industry. Of these studies, 38 (95%) studies and 91 (88%) authors were found to have a COI discrepancy. From 2015 to 2019, 1391 general payments (totaling $1,696,848) and 108 research payments (totaling $1,849,537) were made by 82 companies. When increasing the threshold on what would be considered an undisclosed payment, the proportion of authors with discrepancies gradually decreased, from 88% of authors with undisclosed payments more than $100 to 27% of authors with undisclosed payments more than $10,000. Author order, journal impact factor, and study type were not significantly associated with increased risk of discrepancy. We found that the majority of studies investigating the use of dermal substitute products for burn management did not accurately declare COI, highlighting the need for a uniform declaration process and greater transparency of industry sponsorship by authors when publishing peer-reviewed burn surgery research papers.
Transparency, Contracting Frictions, and Trade: Evidence across Firms
Authors: Fisman Raymond , Hardy Eric , Mityakov Sergey
Published: July 2021

Firms engage in off-the-books activities to avoid taxes and government oversight. We conjecture, however, that hidden transactions also increase a firm’s opacity, which leads to ex ante contracting frictions that may be particularly costly when trading partners have little legal recourse for contract abrogation. We study these tradeoffs using Russian firm- and transaction-level data. Consistent with hidden transactions leading to higher contracting frictions, we show that firms with more off-the-books activities tend to be in low contract intensity industries and are less likely to participate in import/export transactions. Conditional on engaging in international trade, off-the-books firms are more likely to trade in homogeneous products in which quality is easier to identify (JEL D22, D23, D73, F14).
Mixed Amphetamine Salts Without a Mood Stabilizer for Treating Comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar Disorder: Two Case Reports
Authors: Armstrong Cody , Kapolowicz Michelle R
Published: July 2021

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often comorbid in patients and can have significant overlap in symptoms. Because of this common comorbidity and often overlapping symptoms, accurate diagnoses can be difficult. The standard treatment for these comorbid disorders is a mood stabilizer with the possibility of adding a psychostimulant. However, research suggesting treatment for comorbid disorders with a psychostimulant without a mood stabilizer is lacking. Here, we present two cases where mixed amphetamine salts, which are traditionally avoided in those with BD, were effectively used without a mood stabilizer to treat comorbid BD and ADHD in both patients. The outcome of this case series serves to motivate future investigations which are needed to validate treatment with a psychostimulant without a mood stabilizer for the treatment of comorbid BD and ADHD.
Tidal disruption event discs are larger than they seem: removing systematic biases in TDE X-ray spectral modelling
Authors: Mummery Andrew
Published: July 2021

The physical sizes of tidal disruption event (TDE) accretion discs are regularly inferred, from modelling of the TDEs X-ray spectrum as a single-temperature blackbody, to be smaller than the plausible event horizons of the black holes which they occur around – a clearly unphysical result. In this Lltter, we demonstrate that the use of single-temperature blackbody functions results in the systematic underestimation of TDE accretion disc sizes by as much as an order of magnitude. In fact, the radial ‘size’ inferred from fitting a single-temperature blackbody to an observed accretion disc X-ray spectrum does not even positively correlate with the physical size of that accretion disc. We further demonstrate that the disc-observer inclination angle and absorption of X-ray photons may both lead to additional underestimation of the radial sizes of TDE discs, but by smaller factors. To rectify these issues, we present a new fitting function which accurately reproduces the size of an accretion disc from its 0.3−10 keV X-ray spectrum. Unlike traditional approaches, this new fitting function does not assume that the accretion disc has reached a steady-state configuration, an assumption which is unlikely to be satisfied by most TDEs.
Les inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine ou de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline pendant la grossesse : les effets cliniques chez les nourrissons et les enfants
Authors: Hendson Leonora , Shah Vibhuti , Trkulja Sandra
Published: July 2021

Le présent document de principes fournit des conseils sur la surveillance, les soins et le suivi des nouveau-nés exposés in utero à des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine ou de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline. La dépression et l’anxiété sont courantes pendant la grossesse et la période postnatale. Bien qu’il y ait des risques à prendre des médicaments pendant la grossesse, la dépression et l’anxiété non traitées ou traitées insuffisamment comportent aussi des risques pour le nouveau-né. Le tiers des nouveau-nés exposés in utero à des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine ou de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline présente un syndrome d’inadaptation néonatale, mais il est généralement léger et autorésolutif. Les faibles taux de ces médicaments excrétés dans le lait maternel n’empêchent pas l’allaitement. Dans de rares cas, l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire persistante du nouveau-né et les cardiopathies congénitales sont associées à l’exposition à ces médicaments in utero. Les publications scientifiques ne s’entendent pas toutes sur l’évolution neurodéveloppementale de ces enfants, notamment pour ce qui est du trouble du spectre de l’autisme et du trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité. Ces incohérences découlent probablement d’autres facteurs (génétique, dépression de la mère, mode de vie, autres problèmes de santé), plutôt que de l’exposition in utero à des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine ou de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline. Les professionnels de la santé et les parents devraient être rassurés : en général, des mesures non pharmacologiques suffisent pour traiter le syndrome d’inadaptation néonatale, et le risque de graves effets indésirables découlant de l’exposition à ces médicaments in utero est faible.
A global pandemic Covid-19: the UK tax consequences of restrictions on movement and how the costs of ongoing government support will be funded by UK taxpayers in the long term
Authors: Brassey John , Burns Rosalind
Published: July 2021

The impacts of Covid-19 have been felt across the globe. Governments have grappled to try and contain the virus, restricting movement to protect their people and trying to protect their economy. Funding the support packages and the long-term effects of this pandemic will come from taxation. The UK government recently announced its latest budget, but was it as expected? It was widely speculated that there would be an increase in Capital Gains Tax but, with no mention in the Chancellor’s speech, is there still a risk of an imminent increase? Is there anything that can be done now in anticipation?
Modernizing the PA and NP workforce
Authors: McGrath Bridget A. , Saltzman Jina , Cardin Tracy , Callender Brian
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been exceptionally disruptive to healthcare delivery, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of our healthcare system. Though systems will continue to improvise in the short term to provide essential patient care, thoughtful consideration should be given to a long-term approach to improve healthcare delivery. Policy makers, legislators, and healthcare system leaders have the opportunity to reflect on lessons learned during this time and update outdated and detrimental restrictions affecting healthcare providers who have been vital to the pandemic response. This article focuses on lessons learned about the use of physician assistants and NPs, who have been readily deployed during this time.
Association between nuclear factor of activated T cells C2 polymorphisms and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors
Authors: Kim Woorim , Kim Hyun Jeong , Trinh Nga Thi , Yeon Ha Rim , Kim Joo Hee , Choi In Ah , Kim Hyoun-Ah , Jung Ju-Yang , Lee Kyung Eun
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Nuclear factor of activated T cells C2 (NFATC2) is known as a member of the transcription family and enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) synthesis in human T cells at the gene transcription level. Although NFATC2 has a potential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression and treatment, no study has investigated the association between NFATC2 gene polymorphisms and response status in RA patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors. This study aimed to examine the effects of polymorphisms in NFATC2, a TNF-α transcription factor, on response to TNF-α inhibitors.

Methods

This prospective observational study was performed in two centers. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated. Good responders were defined as patients with disease activity score (DAS)28 ≤3.2 after 6 months of treatment. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms and response to the treatment. To test the model’s goodness of fit, a Hosmer–Lemeshow test was performed.

Results

This study included 98 patients, among whom 46 showed favorable responses to the treatment. Patients with hypertension revealed an approximately three-fold lower response to TNF-α inhibitors compared to those without hypertension (23.5 vs. 76.5%; P = 0.049). After adjusting for covariates, C allele carriers of NFATC2 rs3787186 exhibited approximately three-fold lower rates of treatment response compared to those with TT genotype (P = 0.037). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed that the fitness of the multivariable analysis model was satisfactory (χ2 = 9.745; 8 degrees of freedom; P = 0.283).

Conclusion

This study suggested an association between the C allele of rs3787186 and treatment response in RA patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors.
In-Person Versus Telehealth for Concussion Clinical Care in Adolescents: A Pilot Study of Therapeutic Alliance and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Elbin R. J. , Stephenson Katie , Lipinski Damon , Maxey Kristin , Womble Melissa N. , Reynolds Erin , Covert Kayla , Kontos Anthony P.
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To conduct a pilot study of caregiver ratings of therapeutic alliance and patient satisfaction outcomes between telehealth and in-person concussion clinical care in male and female adolescent athletes.

Setting:

Outpatient neuropsychology concussion clinic.

Participants:

Fifteen patients (aged 15.40 ± 1.35 years; 33% female) with a concussion and their accompanying caregivers (n = 15; 87% female) were randomly assigned to an in-person clinic visit and 15 patients (aged 15.13 ± 1.25 years; 40% female) with a concussion and their accompanying caregivers (n = 15; 73% female) were randomly assigned to a telehealth clinic visit.

Design:

A prospective, randomized design.

Main Measures:

Therapeutic alliance and patient satisfaction scores.

Results:

Therapeutic alliance scores were not significantly different for patients in the in-person or telehealth setting, and caregiver therapeutic alliance scores were significantly higher for the in-person condition than for the telehealth condition. There were no significant differences between in-person and telehealth session satisfaction scores for patients on depth, smoothness, positivity, arousal, and bad-good outcomes. Patient and caregiver satisfaction with the clinical setting was high (ie, General Endorsement).

Conclusion:

Telehealth is feasible for assessing and interpreting clinical concussion examination, interview, and neurocognitive findings, which are perceived by patients and their caregivers to be comparable with in-person care. Positive satisfaction scores also serve to reinforce the need for healthcare providers to seek ways to actively engage with patients and their caregivers through elements of communicative skills such as active listening, building patient rapport, encouraging patient autonomy, and providing an adequate amount of time for interaction and questions. Telehealth for concussion care is increasing in implementation across health systems, and demand is likely to grow in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic and advances in telehealth delivery.