bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Differences between Alibaba's Domestic and Overseas Operations
Authors: Guo Chenye , Wang Siqi
Published: January 2024

Alibaba, the largest e-commerce enterprise in China, has a significant global influence beyond its domestic operations. The company's efficiency is mainly attributed to its extensive technology and logistics infrastructure which facilitates the association of a multitude of suppliers and clients. Alibaba's globalization strategy promotes the world economy and enhances global trade through efficient business tools. The company's domestic and international operations differ for several reasons, such as market conditions, consumer behavior, industry competitiveness, cultural disparities, and legal constraints. Alibaba possesses a strong business model and significant experience within the local market; nevertheless, it requires adjusting its tactics and business models to address the diverse obstacles and opportunities present in the international market. The differences between Alibaba's domestic and overseas operations arise due to varying market environments, cultural disparities, industry competition, legal constraints, and diverse consumer behaviors. However, it encounters intense rivalry from domestic firms and a challenging business environment in foreign markets, particularly in the West. In light of these challenges, it is imperative to innovate and adapt the business model while comprehending and accommodating the local norms and regulations, and to tailor fitting strategies and business models to cater to varying consumer demands.
The Strategy of Consumption Patterns in The Realm of Elegance: A Case Study of Blue Bottle Coffee
Authors: Xu Jiajin
Published: January 2024

Over the last two years, Shanghai, China, has seen an increase in the number of upmarket coffee shops. This study seeks to identify the inherent variables that contribute to the popularity of these institutions, identify their flaws, and ultimately make specific recommendations. This research focuses on the iconic brand Blue Bottle Coffee, digging into its brand narrative and aesthetic design while applying psychological and marketing insights to examine and interpret consumer behavior. This study successfully reveals the logic behind the brand's meteoric surge in popularity through a rigorous analysis of social identity, environmental quality, and added value. It provides a holistic understanding of the phenomenon by combining knowledge from these three facets. This study adds to the larger conversation on customer preferences and brand success in Shanghai's changing coffee shop ecosystem. The major goal of this article is to provide coffee brand operators with novel ideas and new perspectives. This is accomplished through a thorough examination of Blue Bottle Coffee's marketing strategies, design, and concepts. This research seeks to provide not only practical ideas for coffee brand operators but also to contribute to the extension and application of theoretical knowledge in the fields of consumer psychology and marketing design.
Risk Management Strategies for Financial Derivatives: Addressing Systemic and Operational Challenges
Authors: Xie Yuhang
Published: January 2024

With the increasing prosperity of social and economic construction in the new era, the risk management of financial derivatives is a hot issue in the current financial market. Through in-depth research on this topic, we can better understand and deal with the various risks brought by financial derivatives. Exploring the efficacy of risk management of financial derivatives and proposing corresponding enhancement measures is the aim of this study. To accomplish this objective, the research adopts the literature analysis method, firstly expounds the concept of financial derivatives and analyzes the types of financial derivatives and conducts a comprehensive risk assessment on the risk management of financial derivatives. First, Systemic risk, caused by market volatility and information asymmetry, can have a considerable effect on the whole financial system. Second, operational risk mainly comes from market participants' bad decisions, technical errors and imperfect internal controls, which can trigger a chain reaction in financial markets. To address these issues, this study presents a set of measures aimed at enhancing the situation. This includes strengthening risk management awareness of financial derivatives, establishing a risk management framework, and strengthening monitoring and reporting mechanisms. Adopting the aforementioned prudent strategies can mitigate the vulnerabilities associated with the financial derivatives market, guarantee the smooth functioning of the financial system, and offer investors a more secure and dependable investment milieu.
Research on the option pricing of Amazon and Google based on B-S model and Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Wang Xuanhao
Published: January 2024

The emergence of financial derivatives has helped people to effectively hedge the risks present in the financial markets while giving them the ability to make leveraged investments in the financial markets. Although derivatives did not originate in the financial market, it still has a huge role in the financial market so far. In recent years, science and technology innovation is known as a growing concern for governments due to factors such as environmental issues. In this paper, we choose to study the financial derivative, European call option pricing problem of technology-based companies AMZN and GOOGL. In this paper, the European call options of these two companies are priced by using the BSM model, and the results predicted by the BSM model are improved by using Monte Carlo Simulation. Ultimately, the paper finds that Monte Carlo Simulation prices European call options on technology-based firms nearly three times higher than those priced by the BSM model. The results suggest that using a single model to price European call options on technology-based firms is inaccurate. The purpose of this paper is to help investors in pricing European call options on technology-based firms and to warn investors about the inaccuracy of a single option pricing model.
Evaluating the Veracity of the Laffer Curve in Flat-Income-Tax Economies
Authors: Wu Jinglei
Published: January 2024

The Laffer Curve is a concept that postulates a concave downward curve, representing the relationship between a country’s tax rates and tax revenue. This theory proposes that an increase in tax rates would initially raise the government’s tax revenue to a certain threshold, and further hikes in tax rates beyond this threshold would result in a decline in total tax revenue. This paper aims to empirically evaluate the validity of the Laffer Curve theory within nations with a flat income tax system. By establishing a quadratic model accounting for the changes in income tax rates and tax revenue of eleven nations, this paper has found that only one of them verifies the Laffer Curve theory. The discrepancy is further analyzed, and the limitations of the model are identified, with further research suggestions in later sections.
International Experience of Civil Aviation Service Quality Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Lili , Gao Junbo , Huang Yujun , Kou Xi , Yang Junjie , Chen Jianping , Liang Lei
Published: January 2024

Civil aviation service quality evaluation research plays a crucial role in improving the travel experience of passengers and increasing the market competitiveness of civil aviation transport enterprises. There have been relatively abundant relevant theoretical research results, but combined with the practical application, there are still areas that need further exploration and improvement. Based on the development of the connotation of service quality evaluation, this paper reviews the research on civil aviation service quality evaluation in terms of the development history, index system, index weights, methods and models of service quality evaluation, and finds that there are obvious differences in service quality evaluation research in terms of methods and other aspects. According to the results, the international experience of civil aviation service quality evaluation can provide a reference for the construction of China's civil aviation service quality evaluation system.
RMB/USD Exchange Rate Forecasting and Analysis by SES and ARIMA Model
Authors: Zhang Ruimin
Published: January 2024

The RMB/USD exchange rate is important in the worldwide financial sector. Predicting the future RMB/USD exchange rate is critical in such circumstances. Forecasting the RMB/USD exchange rate effectively can assist people in analyzing the economic situation and avoiding financial dangers. This research proposes two statistical models, Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES) model and Autoregressive Integrated Moving (ARIMA) model, for forecasting the RMB/USD exchange rate, and then discovers a better model for forecasting exchange rates. To find a better model, forecast value with accuracy, and uncertainty and model limitation are compared. We find that although SES model shows a better accuracy, the residual check and uncertainty shows ARIMA is a better forecast. Moreover, ARIMA is more complex and has relatively less limitations for RMB/USD exchange rate. Thus, Autoregressive Integrated Moving model is a better forecast compared with Simple Exponential Smoothing model.
Exploring The Potential of Graphene and Gallium Nitride: Novel Semiconductor Materials in The Modern Era
Authors: Xiao Bowen
Published: January 2024

This article presents an in-depth exploration of two cutting-edge semiconductor materials: graphene and gallium nitride. It examines their structural characteristics, applications, and future potential in the context of advancing science and technology. Graphene, a remarkable material, exhibits exceptional theoretical properties, making it a versatile contender for a wide range of applications. Gallium nitride, on the other hand, finds its strength in power and wireless base stations, offering distinct advantages in specific domains. One common challenge faced by both materials is their high production cost, complexity, and limited output. However, it is foreseeable that ongoing research will overcome these hurdles, propelling graphene, and gallium nitride into the forefront of technological innovation. As science and technology continue to progress, these two materials are poised to play increasingly significant roles across various industries. Their remarkable attributes and evolving feasibility will likely draw greater attention from researchers and industry stakeholders alike, shaping the technological landscape of the future. This article's comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the potential of graphene and gallium nitride, offering a foundation for further research and development in the field of semiconductor materials.
Financial Analysis on United Airlines Holdings, Inc.
Authors: Li Zeran
Published: January 2024

This report provides a comprehensive financial analysis of United Airlines Holdings, Inc. (UAL) for the fiscal year 2022. In 2022, UAL demonstrated a robust financial performance, through notable improvements in liquidity, profitability, and solvency indicators. The analysis reveals that UAL sustained strong liquidity, benefiting from increased cash flow and enhanced current ratios. The company's profitability metrics exhibited substantial growth, driven by effective cost management and revenue optimization. Additionally, this study shows that UAL prudently managed its debt load, reinforcing solvency ratios, however, they should keep improving their debt management in the following years. In the recent dynamic aviation industry landscape, UAL exhibited adaptability and strategic acumen, with a focus on sustainable growth. This report also emphasizes UAL's competitive positioning and resilience in a challenging market environment in comparison with its four peers. This financial analysis offers valuable insights for investors and stakeholder, underscoring UAL's solid financial foundation, strategic adaptability, and a promising and positive financial prospect in the airline industry.
Index Model with Modern Portfolio Theory and its Application to Find Optimal Portfolio in the American Stock Market
Authors: Chen Zhaochun
Published: January 2024

A crucial framework in financial science, the Index Model and Modern portfolio theory provide investors with a scientifically sound method of asset allocation. This study applies solver tables for data manipulation and computing to an empirical analysis of the theory in the setting of the American stock market. Based on predetermined criteria, 10 well-known stocks from various industries were chosen, IM will use these optimization inputs to discover the regions of acceptable portfolios for the various five situations of the extra limitations after calculating the necessary optimization inputs for the entire Index Model according to the month and everyday observations. The definition of the efficient frontier and identification of the portfolio with the highest Sharpe ratio and lowest variance under five distinct restrictions were made possible thanks to the help of the Solver table. The results of the empirical investigation support the relevance of the index model and portfolio theory in the American financial market by demonstrating its applicability and usefulness for global investors. According to the results, investors are encouraged to diversify their portfolios in accordance with the efficient frontier's rules in order to maximize profits while minimizing risks.
Research on the Consumer Behavior Characteristics and Digital Marketing Strategy of Gucci
Authors: Wang Ruochen
Published: January 2024

The arrival and end of COVID-19 accelerated the development of the global digital field. For the fashion industry, Gucci, as an established luxury brand, has captured the digital marketing trend and the consumer behavior, psychology, and pain points of young consumers in the digital era. Gucci’s digital marketing strategy is mainly reflected in social software and social media. The brand uses well-known social media apps to increase product awareness and exposure. Then, Gucci leverages the “celebrity culture” of young, top-ranking celebrities in social media to endorse and promote its products to generate awareness of the product online quickly and consumer identification with the brand. Ultimately, the digital marketing broadcasting advantage improves the brand effect and performance and stimulates purchasing power. However, Gucci’s digital strategy also has limitations, namely, digital marketing makes the brand neglect the importance of balancing “classic” and “trendy,” as well as Gucci’s excessive pursuit of “youthfulness” fashion symbols. Therefore, this article will take Gucci as a classic case to analyze how Gucci has used a digital marketing strategy to capture the psychological and behavioral characteristics of consumers in the brand, as well as the potential pitfalls of this strategy in the brand’s operation.
Analyzing the Adoption, Features, and Hurdles of VIE Models in the Internet and Finance Sectors
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Zhuang Jianda
Published: January 2024

In China in the past few years VIE structure into the Chinese market, in China many foreign country restrictions and their own lack of development in the industry development, at the same time because of foreign investors to let China's relatively backward industries to provide technical and financial support, China's rapid development, but in recent years also exposed some shortcomings, such as tax evasion and legal non-certification and other issues, but also proved that the VIE structure in different industries, both advantages and disadvantages. The following is an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using VIE structure in Internet and financial industries. We used to find the leading companies in some industries to make comparisons in order to find out the crisis and opportunities of VIE structure in different industries, and we summarized the crises and opportunities in different industries to find out the similarities and differences, and we put forward our own viewpoints according to their crises.
Progress in the study of anti-tumor drugs targeting mitochondria
Authors: Hu Yi , Pei Ruocheng , Tao Tao , Wang Shuping
Published: January 2024

Cancer poses a significant yet concealed threat to human health, necessitating the prompt pursuit of efficacious anti-tumor tactics. Mitochondria, functioning as a intracellular energy generator, participate in numerous vital physiological processes and serve as pivotal determinants in the proliferation and metabolism of tumor cells. Consequently, targeting of mitochondria is deemed a burgeoning and auspicious anti-tumor strategy that can leverage the highly negative electrical characteristics of the mitochondrial inner membrane to selectively aim at tumor cells via specific targets. Moreover, targeting of mitochondria has the potential to decrease the emergence of tumor drug resistance and partially surmount the multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumors that arise from conventional chemotherapy, thereby augmenting the effectiveness of conventional drugs. The aim of this manuscript is to examine the design principles and mechanisms of action of targeted mitochondrial antitumor drugs, and to introduce innovative and efficacious mitochondria-targeted adjuvant combination therapy strategies in cancer chemotherapy, with the intention of furnishing a point of reference for the advancement of mitochondria-targeted drugs.
Solar Energy Adoption on Local Economic Growth: A Linear Regression Study
Authors: Li Zonghan
Published: January 2024

The transition to solar energy adoption emerges as a dual solution for climate change and economic growth. This study comprehensively explores the intricate relationship between solar adoption and regional economies, focusing on key players like China, the EU, and the US. Notably, positive correlations between solar adoption, GDP growth, and employment rates are illuminated. However, certain gaps exist in understanding the potential impacts on wages and consumption patterns within these economies. Employing a comprehensive index and rigorous regression models, this study provides robust evidence that underlines the significant economic benefits associated with solar energy adoption. Such findings hold valuable implications for policymakers and stakeholders committed to sustainable growth. By leveraging the untapped potential of solar energy, nations can tailor strategies that not only contribute to environmental preservation but also spur economic prosperity. In conclusion, this study reinforces the interconnectedness between solar energy integration and regional economic performance. By recognizing the complex interplay between these factors, policymakers are better equipped to steer their countries towards a more sustainable and economically resilient future. The insights gained contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding renewable energy adoption, emphasizing its role in shaping prosperous and ecologically balanced societies.
Enhancing Option Pricing Accuracy through Empirical Performance: A GARCH-Based Approach to Refining Volatility Assumptions in the Black-Scholes Model
Authors: Tong Tianyu
Published: January 2024

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into enhancing the precision of option pricing by refining the volatility assumption of the Black-Scholes (BS) model through the incorporation of the GARCH model. This study uses a methodical approach that includes rigors comparative analysis, Monte Carlo simulations, and historical data calibration. The findings indicate that, when the GARCH model is combined with the conventional BS model using implied volatility, the RMSE is reduced by about 3.3%. The slight autocorrelation in the sample data's inherent constraints, however, mitigate this improvement. This study emphasizes the significance of model assumption revision for capturing changing market dynamics, making a significant contribution to the conversation on improving option pricing accuracy. This study also acts as a crucial resource for academics and industry professionals navigating the complexity of option pricing and volatility modelling.
Analysis of Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy during Covid-19 Crisis---an Australian perspective
Authors: Hu Yutong
Published: January 2024

The outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in 2020 has emerged as a significant global epidemic, representing a profound disaster. All nations encounter a shift towards crisis management frameworks, exhibiting variable levels of success in limiting the spread of the virus and mitigating economic repercussions. This is by far the most far-reaching public health event of the 21st century on a global scale, with immeasurable research significance from immunological, economic, and sociological perspectives. For the continent of Australia, which is alone in the ocean, the Australian community could not carry the blow once the epidemic exploded across the country. So, as early as the 20th of March, Australia quickly declared a "border closure", banning all non-Australian citizens and non-permanent residents from entering the country. Moreover, with regard to the movement of persons, production activities and control of cases and close contacts in the region, each oblast has adopted restrictive measures of varying degrees, depending on the severity and development of the outbreak. The special geographical conditions and the policy of a completely closed borderline allow us to value the effectiveness of the Australian government's and banks' response to the stimulus provided by the COVID-19 policy directly by removing most of the external conditions from the equation.
Analysis of Netflix’s Strategic Issues, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Li Xuanxuan
Published: January 2024

Netflix has revolutionized the over-the-top media landscape since it is an evolution from a DVD rental service to a global streaming behemoth. With a valuation exceeding $200 billion and an enormous subscriber base, the company has fundamentally altered the way we consume and produce content. Nevertheless, in an ever-changing digital entertainment ecosystem, Netflix confronts a myriad of strategic issues that challenge it is market dominance. Firstly, Netflix faces fierce competition from an expanding list of streaming services like Amazon Prime, Disney+, HBO Max, and Apple TV+. Each competitor brings it is unique content library and technological advancements, chipping away at Netflix’s early-adopter advantage. Secondly, the ballooning costs of original content production further strain it is financials. As consumers demand high-quality, diverse content, Netflix must invest heavily in both licensing existing properties and developing new ones. Regulatory challenges present another hurdle, significantly as Netflix expands globally. Different countries have varying censorship laws, data protection regulations, and even tax laws affecting digital services. Navigating this complex regulatory landscape is crucial for sustained growth. Furthermore, global expansion introduces the challenge of catering to diverse audience preferences, requiring a more localized approach to content curation and customer engagement. In light of these challenges, this essay aims to offer a comprehensive strategic roadmap for Netflix, addressing aspects such as content diversification, regulatory adaptability, technological innovation, user experience improvements, ethical data utilization, and sustainability.
Exploring Pinduoduo: Unveiling the Dynamics and Innovation in China’s E-commerce Industry
Authors: Ma Yufeng
Published: January 2024

This paper takes an in-depth look at Pinduoduo, a high-profile emerging giant in China’s e-commerce space. It dissects its unique business model and compelling growth story, including social e-commerce, rural e-commerce promotion, and internationalization. An in-depth study of Pinduoduo provides an understanding of the characteristics and success factors of this emerging e-commerce platform. It highlights the dynamics and innovations in China’s e-commerce industry. Its success story has inspired more innovation and competition, positively impacting consumers, businesses and the entire e-commerce ecosystem. In the e-commerce space, different business models and market segments have the opportunity to succeed, creating more possibilities and opportunities for the continued growth and development of the e-commerce industry. Although Pinduoduo still faces challenges in terms of profitability, its active exploration of new profit models and areas, such as value-added services, demonstrates its confidence in continued growth in the future. As such, Pinduoduo’s success and development provide useful experience and inspiration for e-commerce in China and offer a positive outlook for the industry’s future development.
Analysis of influencing factors of urban residents' physical health based on logistic regression method
Authors: Zhou Chengxian , Zhang Zhiqi , Xian Kaiwen
Published: January 2024

This article aims to conduct an in-depth study of residents' eating habits, lifestyles and their close connection with physical health to provide a strong scientific basis to deal with the increasing problem of chronic diseases in society. In order to solve this problem, this article uses a variety of sophisticated data analysis methods and models to explore the following core issues. Firstly, the credibility and validity of the research data were ensured by conducting reliability and validity tests on the questionnaire data; secondly, in the data processing, manual judgment and statistical principle judgment were used to identify and process outliers, thereby The quality of the data was improved; then, the logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship and degree of correlation between the hypertension prevalence data and various indicators, and to explore in depth whether these factors were significantly related to the occurrence of chronic diseases. Finally, by comparing the research results, this article summarizes the connection between diet structure, lifestyle and other related factors and common chronic diseases, providing strong support for improving the health status of residents, which is an important contribution of this study.
Positive and negative emotional changes in newly recruited nurses within one year: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zheng Qin , Li Zhe , Du Jiwe
Published: January 2024

Aims and objectives: To explore changes in positive and negative emotions among newly recruited nurses within one year of their employment. Background: New nurses often suffer great emotional shock during the period of adaptation. However, few studies have examined the positive and negative emotions of newly employed nursing staff (new graduated nurses and nurses had previous working experience) in the first year of their employment. Design: This study was a cross-sectional and partly prospective. Methods: This study examined a series of different emotions among newly employed nurses when they joined the hospital and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from a tertiary hospital in China. A self-designed questionnaire was used to measure their emotional changes. Results: The emotional changes of nurses (N=172) within one year of employment have stages. The proportion of nurses with positive emotions decreased within 3 months of employment, increased after 3 months of employment, and gradually stabilized after 6 months of employment (p> 0.05).As a whole, the negative emotions of new nurses gradually eased with the extension of employment time, and the proportion of nurses with mild negative emotions increased within 3 months of employment, while the proportion of nurses with negative emotions decreased significantly within 3-6 months of employment (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a significant stage difference in the positive and negative emotional responses of newly hired nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: Our study indicates that during the 3-6 months of their employment is the best time to intervene the emotional changes of newly recruited nurses. Nurse managers and head nurses must work together to support newly employed nurses in individualized emotional management, doing so to improve the nursing staff retention rate and reduce levels of negative emotions.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Consumers’ Behavior: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Xiaohang
Published: January 2024

The Covid-19 epidemic has had a significant impact on the economies of various countries around the world. Almost all industries, including the consumer sector, are facing unprecedented difficulties. this study mainly focuses on the changes in consumer behavior during the epidemic. By observing the changes in consumer focus in recent years and utilizing various data to support the discussion, and borrowing theories such as total demand and total supply from economics, the paper analyzes and demonstrates the changes in consumer behavior, their causes and impacts. The research results found that Covid-19 can change consumers' consumption psychology, methods, and objects, and changes in consumer behavior may have a certain negative impact on China's economy and society. Based on the analysis of the trend of consumer behavior changes by exploring changes in consumer behavior, the paper provides feasible solutions, which may promote the economic development and reduce the burden brought by the epidemic.
The Evolution and Practice of Offshore Wind Energy in China
Authors: Jiang Jinhua
Published: January 2024

Offshore wind power stands as a notable exemplar of environmentally friendly energy sources. Among global players, China emerges as a trailblazer in the realm of offshore wind energy, as evidenced by its remarkable aggregate capacity. This exposition delves into China's ongoing strides in offshore wind energy by dissecting its facets in terms of policy orientation, natural endowments, demographic dynamics, technological prowess, substantial investments, and pivotal subsidies. The elucidation of natural resources, population dynamics, fiscal commitments, and supportive subsidies serves to unveil the rationale underpinning China's resolute commitment to fostering this burgeoning industry. Through an insightful exploration of policy frameworks and technological innovations, this article cogently illustrates the trajectory of China's progress, delineating the present state of the offshore wind energy sector within its boundaries. Leveraging a tapestry of official governmental policies and pertinent scholarly literature, the narrative succinctly encapsulates the present developmental panorama and pragmatic implementation of offshore wind energy initiatives in China. It unequivocally asserts that China's endeavors in offshore wind energy are characterized by meticulous planning and a strong governmental mandate, thus positioning the industry for a promising trajectory of growth and advancement in the foreseeable future.
Research on Nvidia Investment Strategies and Analysis
Authors: Chen Shujie
Published: January 2024

Under the background of macroeconomic factors such as the global economic downturn and imperfect trade policies, sound investment decisions and risk management are all important. This research paper takes Nvidia as an investment sample for investors to conduct a comprehensive analysis and complete overview. Based on an analysis of Nvidia’s annual reports and market value from 2021 to 2023, the study found that Nvidia has shown amazing income growth and profitability, solidifying what is happening as a precursor in the advancement and semiconductor industry. This shows significant growth potential in investment return. The organization's predominance in GPUs, artificial intelligence, and data centers adds to its venture appeal. Moreover, the paper also compared and discussed various investment strategies such as hedging and diversification strategies, which provide investors with more financial risk avoidance suggestions. All in all, Nvidia's investment potential is promising, but investors should assess their risk tolerance and employ risk mitigation strategies to navigate the dynamic tech landscape.
Comparison And Analysis of Treatment Strategies for Radius Fractures: Internal Fixation Surgery Versus External Plaster Fixation Treatment
Authors: Liu Ruotong
Published: January 2024

One of the most frequent forms of fractures is the radius fracture. This kind of fracture would have a significant negative impact on people's lives. There has been ongoing debate regarding the treatment options for radius fractures. This article conducts a comparative analysis of two treatment approaches for radius fractures: internal fixation surgery and non-surgical external plaster fixation treatment. This article provides a comprehensive elucidation and analysis of the principles, actual treatment outcomes, and various factors associated with these two treatment approaches. It separately outlines the treatment principles and real-world results for each of the two treatment methods, concluding with a summary and comparison. When viewed from a singular perspective, both treatment approaches demonstrate reasonable and excellent treatment outcomes. However, when these two approaches are compared, this article finds that surgical internal fixation typically outperforms non-surgical cast external fixation in a broader range of evaluations.
Analysis of bond immunization strategies based on duration model
Authors: He Yaqing , Wang Sidi
Published: January 2024

Due to the rapidly expanding bond market and the growing variety of bond types, investors must take on a lot of risks in the investing market. As a result, this article explains and examines how to benefit from the duration matching immunization method, namely the maturity immunity of bond portfolio to ensure return, in order to get consistent profit income and prevent interest risk. The investment portfolio is developed to determine the matching analysis of maturity and yield and maturity and investment cycle after the screening phase of the bond market. It is proposed and the flaws are highlighted in accordance with the interest rate fluctuations of the bond market with the maturity immunization portfolio, in order to give investors pertinent recommendations on how to maintain the stability of income and mitigate the loss of interest rate change.
Research on the Optimization of Multibeam Bathymetry Survey Line Layout Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Xiao Yingminhui
Published: January 2024

Multibeam bathymetry systems are widely used in water depth measurement, and their principle is based on the propagation characteristics of sound waves in water. The system has multiple advantages, such as high resolution, high accuracy, wide measurement range, automated mapping, and high efficiency. This study is based on the propagation characteristics of sound waves in water and utilizes a multibeam bathymetry system for water depth measurement, focusing on key issues such as coverage width, survey path, and seawater depth. Based on a two-dimensional plane model, the direction of the emitted beams from the measurement vessel and the relationship with seafloor slope angles are considered. The key parameter calculation model of the multibeam bathymetry system is established using the sine theorem and cosine theorem. To enhance the analysis accuracy, the calculation model is extended to three dimensions, incorporating more factors that have a significant impact on the measurement, such as the slope angle along the survey lines and changes in water depth. In practical applications, the survey lines are set to run in a north-south direction, and a greedy algorithm is used to ensure complete coverage of the measurements. Taking into account the complex seafloor topography, the fitted lines are used to represent the seafloor slopes. The multi-objective programming model is transformed into an unconstrained single-objective programming problem for further optimization. By solving the problem using simulated annealing algorithm, the optimized solution provides specific values for the spacing between adjacent survey lines, total track length, missed coverage rate of the surveyed area, and duplicate measurement coverage, enabling the optimal utilization of multibeam bathymetry systems in oceanic surveys.
The Effect of ESG Performance On Firm Value
Authors: Chi Cheng , Xu Haohan , Yu Zixuan
Published: January 2024

ESG is an acronym for Environmental, Social and Governance. Its goal is to evaluate the company's efforts to advance social and environmental benefits as well as the quality of corporate governance. Corporate ESG performance is highlighted in both Western and Chinese markets, which has a substantial impact on firm value. This paper selected NIO, a representative company of the Chinese new energy sources automobile industry as a research case to analyze the impacts of its ESG performance on firm value. ESG performance was proven to positively affect company share prices and to both reflect and affect a company's financial performance. Additionally, this report offered suggestions for improving NIO's ESG performance in terms of corporate governance and product quality. This research made a novel suggestion that the effect of ESG on business value depended not only on the firm's own ESG performance but also on the ESG performance of its rival companies.
The impact of digital financial inclusion on innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Zhao Chenxi
Published: January 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)account for 95.68% of China's enterprise households and are important contributors to national development. The introduction of more policies aimed at the development of SMEs has demonstrated the importance of SMEs in terms of policy and strategy. Enterprise innovation is an extremely important part of enterprise development, but compared with medium and large enterprises, SMEs are vulnerable to financial constraints due to their single product, insufficient guarantees, and unbalanced allocation of external financial resources, resulting in a lack of funds to invest in enterprise innovation, which makes it difficult for them to realize their own development. Digital financial inclusion (DFI) is an emerging financial model based on new technology, DFI can improve those financial individuals and groups that are constrained in traditional finance. DFI can make it easier for people and businesses to access financial services through digital technology. In this paper, we use the DFI index of Peking University from 2011 to 2020, as well as the enterprise data of CSMAR to data analyze the impact of DFI on SMEs' innovation. The paper first uses a fixed-effects model for this purpose, and then takes financing cost as a mediating variable to analyze the channels of influence. The regression results show that DFI has an important role in promoting SME innovation, and that DFI can promote SMEs innovation by reducing the cost of financing.
A Brief Comparison Between Tesla and NIO In the Electric Vehicle Industry
Authors: Li Jinshuo
Published: January 2024

In response to the pressing global issue of climate change and the growing emphasis on transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs), this research undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of two prominent players in the EV industry, Tesla and NIO. The study primarily centers on evaluating various dimensions of these two companies, encompassing their developmental trajectories, market shares, technological innovations, policy support, sustainability endeavors, brand images, and future outlook. The research methodology involves a mixed-method approach, integrating elements of literature review, case analysis, and statistical data analysis. This approach ensures a well-rounded investigation into the subject matter. Tesla, with its longer history and a more extensive global manufacturing presence, has established a dominant position within the electric vehicle market. Notable strengths include its unwavering commitment to technological innovation, resulting in significant market share, substantial delivery volumes, and robust revenues. Additionally, Tesla's brand recognition sets it apart as an industry leader. Conversely, NIO, though a relative newcomer, has carved out a niche primarily in the Chinese EV market. Despite financial challenges and limited international reach, NIO has exhibited promise through its innovative products and governmental support in China. Tesla is poised to continue expanding globally and pushing the boundaries of EV technology. Its strong brand image and emphasis on innovation are key assets. NIO aims to enhance its international competitiveness and further innovate its product offerings. Its success in the Chinese market, coupled with ongoing technological advancements, positions it for future growth.
The Impact of Public Debt on Economic Growth
Authors: Fan Haoxuan
Published: January 2024

One of the main areas of inquiry nowadays is how government debt influences the growth of the economy. Researchers have come to different conclusions regarding the manner in which public debt consequences growth in the economy. As a result, this essay examines how public debt affects an economy or a group of economies' ability to grow. The paper examines the effect of the federal debt on commercial growth by compiling and evaluating relevant research from 2018 to 2023. Threshold is a crucial piece of reference information for examining the process by which public debt has influenced expansion in the economy. The objective is to evaluate the consequence of debt incurred by governments on the development of the economy, determining whether it is favorable or adverse. If the ratio of debt to GDP falls below a certain threshold, it indicates that the public economy is positively contributing to economic growth. A higher threshold value also suggests that the economy can handle additional public responsibilities, increasing the likelihood of popular support for economic expansion. This implies that there exists a complex and nonlinear relationship.
Changes and Impact of Monetary Policy in the United States: Quantitative Easing and Federal rate hikes
Authors: Chen Zhihao
Published: January 2024

In response to the 2008 financial crisis, marked by the collapse of Wall Street giants like Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, the U.S. faced significant economic challenges. Traditional monetary policy tools proved ineffective as interest rates neared the Zero Lower Bound. Consequently, the Federal Reserve implemented Quantitative Easing (QE) as an unconventional measure to stimulate financial markets. This policy was executed in four phases, and by the end of the fourth round, U.S. inflation rates surpassed the 2022 target. Elevated inflation impacted living standards, prompting the FED to introduce interest rate hikes in 2022 to control it. Supply chain disruptions were a major contributor to this inflation spike. This paper uses qualitative and statistical methods to explore QE and the subsequent FED rate hikes. It emphasizes that QE essentially expanded the FED's Balance Sheet and uses visual data like graphs to illustrate the FED's actions since 2022. The article provides a comprehensive view of U.S. monetary policy adaptations during and after the financial crisis. The first three QE rounds addressed the 2008 crisis aftermath, while QE4 combated the economic fallout of COVID-19. The 4 rounds of QE and the last 2 years of Fed rate hikes have been generally successful. Both monetary policies have had some proven effect on the US economy. However, by critical thinking, QE has potential downsides, like fostering economic bubbles and inflation.  And the Fed's repeated interest rate hikes have led to the problem of bank failure. Therefore, the Fed's monetary policy choices, especially unconventional ones like QE, require weighing benefits against potential risks.
EDITORIAL
Authors: GLOCALISM
Published: January 2024

The United Nations Climate Dictionary states that “climate change is the defining issue of our times”. According to this Dictionary, we are facing a global crisis which “refers to the serious problems that are being caused, or are likely to be caused, by changes in the planet’s climate, including weather extremes and natural disasters, ocean acidification and sea-level rise, loss of biodiversity, food and water insecurity, health risks, economic disruption, displacement and even violent conflict”. These changes affect health, ability to grow food, housing, safety and work. In one word: the entirety of life as lived by both humans and non-humans in the world. The global nature of this condition, however, does not mean that every population is affected in the same way or at the same time. Some communities across the world have already been damaged by the consequences of the environmental crisis, while others will likely be affected in the future. Those who are not currently directly affected by these changes will still be affected indirectly. In other words, since the environmental crisis is a global phenomenon, it also produces global consequences, such as increasing migration.
INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM: ASCENDANCY OF HEGEMONIC CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL MULTICULTURALISM
Authors: FAROOQI SNA
Published: January 2024

Through this study researcher wants to find relationship between two dependent variables, i.e., hegemonic culture and international multiculturalism with that of independent variable, i.e. Indian higher education system. Since it becomes very important to know what effect multiculturalism and hegemonic culture have on our higher education system so that we can have more culturally responsive classroom practices in place. For this research, data was collected from university level teachers working at various positions like Professors, Associate professors, and Assistant professors. Full-time college faculty members made up the bulk of the data collecting samples. The information was gathered using a survey.

All dependent variables i.e., hegemonic culture (0.010), international multiculturalism (0.02) have significant positive impact on the independent variable i.e., Indian Higher Education system, it was also observed that hegemonic culture (0.010) have the least impact on Indian higher education system.

We see CRT in educational environments as all about leveraging diverse ethnic groups’ culture and experiences to educate more effectively. A culturally responsive classroom must allow children to keep maintaining both their academic success and their cultural identity. This research contributes towards a theoretical framework which is based on CFA Modelling of construct variables. In this we try to find out relationship between dependent variables like hegemonic culture, what is the role of an experienced teacher in facilitating culturally diverse classrooms and international multiculturalism on independent variable i.e., Indian higher education system.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND INDUCED MARGINALIZATION: PERSPECTIVES
Authors: PAUL TM DERRY
Published: January 2024

The global arena of international relations is placing increasing importance on the subject of climate change. The disruptions in natural weather patterns are giving rise to a wide array of challenges in ecological, sociopolitical, and economic systems. This piece of writing investigates the concept of marginalization brought about by the effects of climate change. The analysis adopts a multi-faceted approach, utilizing the framework of climate justice. The primary focus lies in understanding how climate-induced marginalization impacts a nation’s social structure, especially affecting disadvantaged communities. Following that, the conversation delves into making a comparison among different countries, examining their contributions to climate change and the subsequent difficulties they encounter. The article also underscores the insufficiencies in international frameworks aimed at mitigating climate change, underscoring the lack of accountability during their development. Additionally, the problem of climate-induced marginalization is evaluated in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals, and suggestions are put forth to effectively tackle this issue.