bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of tropical forage grass development pattern through the morphogenetic and structural characteristics
Authors: Rodrigues Carlindo Santos , Nascimento Júnior Domicio do , Silva Sila Carneiro da , Silveira Márcia Cristina Teixeira da , Sousa Braulio Maia de Lana , Detmann Edenio
Published: April 2011

An experiment was carried out with the objective to evaluate growth pattern of tropical forage grass under free growth by using morphogenetic and structural characteristics with the expectation of using this study for forage grass evaluation protocol. The experimental area was established with two cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Mombaca and Aruana), a hybrid cultivar of P. maximum Jacq. and P. Infestum BRA-7102 (Massai), two cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf (Marandu and Xaraes) and Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora Beauv.) and jaragua grass (Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf.). The grasses were planted in 1.0-m² experimental units with 24 plants arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Growth pattern of the grasses was evaluated through mass development, tiller mortality, development stage and leaf longevity. Development patterns differed significantly among groups of grasses, indicating that the same available resources can be used in different manners by grasses from the same genus and/or species.
Influência da massa corporal sobre a aptidão física em adolescentes: estudo a partir de escolares do ensino fundamental e médio de Sorocaba/SP
Authors: Conte Marcelo , Gonçalves Aguinaldo , Aragon Flávio Ferrari , Padovani Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2011

Reconhecendo a exposição a riscos à saúde a que adolescentes obesos estão submetidos e a necessidade da produção de estudos, os quais relacionem excesso de peso corporal e capacidade física durante a puberdade, configura-se como objetivo da presente comunicação explorar as relações entre o sobrepeso e a aptidão física dos alunos de ensino fundamental e médio de escola particular paulista. Trata-se de estudo de coorte, considerando como variável independente o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e como dependentes a resistência muscular localizada (RML) abdominal, força de membros inferiores (MMII), flexibilidade e agilidade. Os dados de interesse foram colhidos em duas oportunidades (no início de dois anos letivos subseqüentes), segundo testes específicos. Foi realizada análise multivariada dos perfis médios, complementada com a construção dos intervalos de confiança simultâneos, ao nível de 5% de significância. Constatou-se prevalência de 21,42% de sobrepeso e associação deste com: i) em meninos, menores RML abdominal e força de MMII e não evolução nas médias de agilidade; ii) em meninas, menor RML abdominal e agilidade, no início do período considerado. Ao se compararem os resultados entre os dois momentos de avaliação, notou-se que: i) a agilidade, das meninas com peso corporal adequado diminuiu significantemente; ii) a RML abdominal, mesmo do grupo masculino com sobrepeso, aumentou; e iii) a agilidade, somente em meninos com IMC inferior, melhorou. Verificaram-se, também entre o sexo masculino, médias de RML abdominal, força de MMII e agilidade significantemente maiores que as do grupo feminino. Nesse sentido, revela-se que a prescrição da atividade física para adolescentes deve realmente ser específica segundo composição corporal e sexo.
Accessibility of discoursal data in critical genre analysis: international commercial arbitration practice
Authors: Bhatia Vijay K.
Published: April 2011

Critical genre analysis, especially targeting specific professional practices, crucially depends on the availability of discursive data from the professional practice under investigation, which is not always easily accessible. In this paper, I take up a typical example of this kind of difficulty focusing on an international initiative, in which I have been involved for the last several years, with collaboration from more than twenty research teams from as many countries. By drawing on discoursal data (narrative, documentary and interactional), it is possible to look at the motivations for interdiscursive processes and procedures. However, the so-called duty to strict confidentiality observed and practiced in international arbitration practice makes it difficult to get access to data from arbitration practice and thus to undertake such critical genre-based interdisciplinary research. In this paper, I will focus on some of the important issues involved in this study of professional practice and discuss implications of this generally assumed requirement of confidentiality, and its implications for research in and development of the institution of arbitration. I also propose alternatives to collection of data from arbitration practice to make such research possible.
Formação docente no trabalho com gêneros textuais na graduação em letras: construindo a relação entre a aprendizagem e o ensino em aulas de línguas
Authors: Castro Solange Teresinha Ricardo de
Published: April 2011

Este artigo discute o processo de (re)constituição das representações sobre ensinar e aprender línguas, como práticas sócio-histórico-culturais, de futuros professores, em uma aula de Inglês de um curso de graduação em Letras, como visto nos relatos reflexivos por eles escritos. Fundamenta-se teoricamente na perspectiva sócio-histórico-cultural, e tem na Linguística Sistêmico Funcional seu instrumento de análise. Os resultados revelam o processo de (re)constituição das representações e valorações dos futuros professores sobre ensinar e aprender línguas, a partir da análise de sua própria aprendizagem à luz das situações de sala de aula vivenciadas, como um processo mediado continuadamente por suas avaliações dessas situações, de seus participantes, e de si próprios. O trabalho oferece contribuições para a compreensão de pesquisadores e formadores sobre o processo de formação docente em aulas de línguas.
Mercury accumulation and metallothionein expression from aquafeeds by Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 under intensive aquaculture conditions
Authors: Soares TM. , Coutinho DA. , Lacerda LD. , Moraes MO. , Rebelo MF.
Published: April 2011

This study describes the accumulation of Hg and metallothionein gene expression in Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 with aquafeeds as the major source of Hg. Trials were conducted under controlled conditions in experimental tank facilities with high (indoor tanks) and low (outdoor tanks) Hg aquafeeds concentrations. Aquafeeds were the sole source of Hg for the shrimps and concentrations varied from 5.4 to 124 ng.g-1 d.w.. In the three animal fractions analysed; muscle (6,3 - 15,9 ng.g-1); hepatopancreas (5,1 - 22,0 ng.g-1) and exoskeleton (3,0 - 16,2 ng.g-1), Hg concentrations were significantly lower in the outdoor trials submitted to Hg-poor aquafeeds. Maximum shrimp muscle Hg concentrations were low (36.4 ng.g-1 w.w.) relative to maximum permissible concentrations for human consumption and Hg content in muscle and hepatopancreas were significantly correlated with Hg content in aquafeeds. Highest Hg concentrations in the exoskeleton of animals exposed to Hg-richer aquafeed, suggested that a detoxification mechanism is taking place. On the other hand the metallothionein suffered no variation in its relative expression in any of the experiments, meaning that the contact with feed containing the observed Hg concentrations were not sufficient to activate gene transcription. It was not possible, under the experimental design used, to infer Hg effects on the biological performance of the animals.
Suporte familiar nas epilepsias
Authors: Alonso Neide Barreira , Muszkat Regina Silvia Alves , Yacubian Elza Márcia Targas , Caboclo Luís Otávio Sales Ferreira
Published: April 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: Na abordagem de pacientes com epilepsia, particularmente aqueles com crises refratárias ao tratamento clínico, raramente os aspectos relacionados ao suporte familiar desse pacientes são contemplados. Neste artigo nós discutimos conceitos fundamentais como família e suporte familiar e a importância desses conceitos no tratamento multidisciplinar de pessoas com epilepsia. METODOLOGIA: As escalas para mensuração do suporte familiar são discutidas, destacando-se os principais aspectos abordados em cada uma das escalas. CONCLUSÃO: O uso rotineiro dessas escalas permitiria uma análise objetiva do funcionamento e suporte familiar de pacientes com epilepsia, devendo por isso ser objeto de futuros estudos, que enriqueceriam a compreensão do impacto das epilepsias sobre a família, bem como possibilitariam a intervenção precoce nas famílias disfuncionais, com melhora da qualidade de vida.
Panorama do princípio da legalidade no direito penal Alemão vigente
Authors: Giacomolli Nereu José , Silva Pablo Rodrigo Alflen da
Published: April 2011

O artigo analisa o princípio da legalidade penal desde a perspectiva alemã. Nesse sentido, com base em um método comparado, desenvolve um panorama dos aspectos legais, dogmáticos e jurisprudenciais relacionados a este princípio. Com isso, tem por objetivo proporcionar ao público brasileiro uma visão geral acerca do princípio, no que diz respeito à sua previsão legal e à sua estruturação dogmática, tal como delineada pela literatura jurídico-penal alemã, bem como à sua aplicabilidade no âmbito judicial alemão. Sobretudo no tocante a este último aspecto, pretende-se apresentar o modelo alemão como um exemplo a não ser seguido, face a sua atual orientação no sentido de flexibilização do princípio da legalidade.
A influência da perda bilateral do primeiro molar inferior permanente na morfologia dentofacial: um estudo cefalométrico
Authors: Normando David , Cavacami Cristina
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVO: avaliar as alterações cefalométricas em pacientes com perda bilateral do primeiro molar inferior permanente. MÉTODOS: foram analisadas 68 telerradiografias laterais de pacientes de consultórios particulares. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos pareados quanto ao sexo e idade - 34 indivíduos sem perdas (grupo controle) e 34 com perda bilateral do primeiro molar inferior permanente (grupo com perda). Foram excluídos da amostra pacientes que haviam perdido outros dentes que não o primeiro molar inferior, casos de agenesia e pacientes com menos de 16 anos de idade. Buscou-se avaliar somente indivíduos que tivessem relatado a perda há pelo menos 5 anos. RESULTADOS: demonstraram que a perda bilateral do primeiro molar inferior permanente leva ao suave fechamento do ângulo GnSN (P=0,05), um giro anti-horário do plano oclusal (P=0,0001), uma suave diminuição da altura facial anteroinferior (P=0,05), uma acentuada inclinação lingual (P=0,04) e retrusão dos incisivos inferiores (P=0,03). Por outro lado, a perda bilateral do primeiro molar inferior permanente não foi capaz de influenciar a relação maxilomandibular no sentido anteroposterior (P=0,21), a quantidade de mento (P=0,45), a inclinação dos incisivos superiores (P=0,12) e a posição anteroposterior dos incisivos superiores (P=0,46). CONCLUSÃO: a perda bilateral dos primeiros molares inferiores é capaz de produzir alterações marcantes no posicionamento dos incisivos inferiores e no plano oclusal, além de uma suave redução vertical da face
An Investigation into the Morphometric Developments of the Maxillary and Mandibular Arches during the Fetal Period
Authors: Esenlik Elçin , Şener Emine Hilal , Koçer Gúlperi Şanli , Malas Mehmet Ali
Published: April 2011

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the developments, morphometric features, and shapes of the maxillary and mandibular arches during the prenatal period in a large series of fetal material.

Methods

The study was carried out on 225 human fetuses aged between 8 and 40 weeks of gestation. General, extraoral, and intraoral parameters were taken from each fetus. The width and depth measurements and the shapes of the maxillary and mandibular arches were achieved using the casts obtained. The arches were categorized according to the shapes of the anterior and posterior regions of the arches.

Results

Palatal and mandibular indices did not change during the prenatal period. Maxillary arch measurements were greater than the mandibular measurements. Moreover, width measurements of both arches were greater than the depth measurements during fetal life. We found that the frequencies of triangular maxillary and mandibular arches were highest in the first and second trimesters; whereas, the square model became more frequent in the third trimester and at full term. Classification of the arches according to their posterior regions showed that the tips of the arches shifted medially toward the term. There were significant correlations between width and depth parameters of the arches and extraoral parameters.

Conclusion

Data obtained in the study would be useful for clinicians by presenting an objective scale related to the prenatal period as well as being helpful in assessing the development of this region, identifying the anomalies and pathologies, and assisting treatment.
Robust Methods for Measurement of Leaf-Cover Area and Biomass from Image Data
Authors: Lati Ran Nisim , Filin Sagi , Eizenberg Hanan
Published: April 2011

Leaf-cover area is a widely required plant development parameter for predictive models of weed growth and competition. Its assessment is performed either manually, which is labor intensive, or via visual inspection, which provides biased results. In contrast, digital image processing enables a high level of automation, thereby offering an attractive means for estimating vegetative leaf-cover area. Nonetheless, image-driven analysis is greatly affected by illumination conditions and camera position at the time of imaging and therefore may introduce bias into the analysis. Addressing both of these factors, this paper proposes an image-based model for leaf-cover area and biomass measurements. The proposed model transforms color images into an illumination-invariant representation, thus facilitating accurate leaf-cover detection under varying light conditions. To eliminate the need for fixed camera position, images are transformed into an object–space reference frame, enabling measurement in absolute metric units. Application of the proposed model shows stability in leaf-cover detection and measurement irrespective of camera position and external illumination conditions. When tested on purple nutsedge, one of the world's most troublesome weeds, a linear relation between measured leaf-cover area and plant biomass was obtained regardless of plant developmental stage. Data on the expansion of purple nutsedge leaf-cover area is essential for modeling its spatial growth. The proposed model offers the possibility of acquiring reliable and accurate biological data from digital images without extensive photogrammetric or image-processing expertise.
Biological Suppression of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) in an Eastern Nebraska Soil
Authors: Okalebo Jane , Yuen Gary Y. , Drijber Rhae A. , Blankenship Erin E. , Eken Cafer , Lindquist John L.
Published: April 2011

Weed-suppressive soils contain naturally occurring microorganisms that suppress a weed by inhibiting its growth, development, and reproductive potential. Increased knowledge of microbe–weed interactions in such soils could lead to the identification of management practices that create or enhance soil suppressiveness to weeds. Velvetleaf death and growth suppression was observed in a research field (fieldA) that was planted with high populations of velvetleaf, which may have developed via microbial mediated plant–soil feedback. Greenhouse studies were conducted with soil collected fromfieldA(soilA) to determine if it was biologically suppressive to velvetleaf. In one study, mortality of velvetleaf grown for 8 wk insoilAwas greatest (86%) and biomass was smallest (0.3 g plant−1) in comparison to soils collected from surrounding fields with similar structure and nutrient content, indicating that suppressiveness ofsoilAwas not likely caused by physical or chemical factors. WhensoilAwas autoclaved in another study, mortality of velvetleaf plants in the heat-treated soil was reduced to 4% compared to 55% for the untreated soil, thus suggesting that suppressiveness ofsoilAis biological in nature. A third set of experiments showed that suppressiveness to velvetleaf could be transferred to an autoclaved soil by amending the autoclaved soil with untreatedsoilA; this provided additional evidence for a biological basis for the effects ofsoilA.The suppressive condition in these greenhouse experiments was associated with high soil populations of fusaria.Fusarium lateritiumwas the most frequently isolated fungus from roots of diseased velvetleaf plants collected fromfieldA, and also was the most virulent when inoculated onto velvetleaf seedlings. Results of this research indicate that velvetleaf suppression can occur naturally in the field and thatF. lateritiumis an important cause of velvetleaf mortality infieldA.
Modelling the response of Lechago earth and rockfill dam
Authors: ALONSO E.E. , OLIVELLA S. , SORIANO A. , PINYOL N.M. , ESTEBAN F.
Published: April 2011

Lechago dam (Teruel, Spain) is a 40 m high zoned earth and rockfill dam sitting on soft continental deltaic deposits. A relatively narrow central clay core is stabilised by wide rockfill shoulders. The dam was well instrumented and continuous records of stress development, pore-water pressures and vertical displacements are available for the construction period. Compaction conditions were followed by means of laboratory and in situ control tests. Core clay material was investigated by means of tests performed on compacted specimens of tertiary clays. Rockfill samples were excavated in outcrops of highly fractured Cambrian quartzitic shale. A testing programme on compacted rockfill gravels was conducted under relative humidity control in a large-diameter oedometer and triaxial cells. A coupled finite-element model has been developed to analyse the tests performed and dam behaviour during construction. Model predictions, essentially based on laboratory tests, are compared with measurements during construction. The predicted response of the dam under an assumed programme of impounding is also given. In the future, once impounding occurs, it will be possible to compare these predictions with actual dam performance. The paper provides an integrated description of the dam design, construction and early behaviour. It presents a procedure to interpret available data (laboratory as well as in situ data) on compacted materials from the perspective of modern constitutive models. It also provides an evaluation of the capabilities of advanced numerical tools to reproduce the measured dam behaviour.
Briefing: Risk management critical to Crossrail’s success
Authors: Morgan Terry
Published: April 2011

With a positive outcome from the UK government’s 2010 comprehensive spending review, the Crossrail cross-London railway project has started awarding its main construction contracts. The author explains how risk management has already benefited the project and why its adoption by the supply chain is critical.
The Spiritual Framework of Coping through the Voices of Cancer Survivor Narratives
Authors: Stewart Katie A.
Published: April 2011

Gall et al. (2005) developed a framework for spirituality by adapting and applying the transactional model of stress and coping, which is an interactive and fluid process spurred by a stressor involving spiritual appraisal, person factors, spiritual connections, spiritual coping behavior, and meaning-making impacting well-being. The components of the framework are examined through five cancer survivor narratives. The results showed that the components of the framework were experienced by the survivors, for example, various spiritual problem-solving styles were used, indication of spiritual connections to nature, others, and the transcendent. Meaning-making was common as they faced the life-threatening disease which often altered their worldview. The spirituality of the participants is reflected in the spiritual framework and the framework embraces these survivor experiences. This study has limitations due to its qualitative nature and small sample size.
McDonaldization, Islamic Teachings, and Funerary Practices in Kuwait
Authors: Iqbal Zafar
Published: April 2011

Drawing on George Ritzer's sociological concept of McDonaldization, this article explores the transformation of burial practices in Kuwait. It is argued that traditional, religious, and private ways of dealing with death have been modernized using the fast-food model of McDonald's. This article examines Islamic teachings on burial and how that model has been applied to the traditional Muslim funerary services, including cemetery management, grave excavation, funeral prayers, burial, and condolences, to make them more efficient vis-à-vis more profitable. Based on personal observations and random interviews, the study finds that the state bureaucracy in Kuwait has made burial rituals more efficient, standardized, calculable, and controlled. Furthermore, several associated irrationalities are also considered. Findings suggest that some individuals may not be happy with these changes but there is no popular resistance to McDonaldization of the burial practices, probably due to the authoritarian and welfare nature of the State of Kuwait.
Health Care Network Formation and Policyholders' Welfare
Authors: Bardey David , Bourgeon Jean-Marc
Published: April 2011

We develop a model in which two insurers and two health care providers compete for a fixed mass of policyholders. Insurers compete in premium and offer coverage against financial consequences of health risk. They have the possibility to sign agreements with providers to establish a health care network. Providers, partially altruistic, are horizontally differentiated with respect to their physical address. They choose the health care quality and compete in price. First, we show that policyholders are better off under a competition between conventional insurance rather than under a competition between integrated insurers (Managed Care Organizations). Second, we reveal that the competition between a conventional insurer and a Managed Care Organization (MCO) leads to a similar equilibrium than the competition between two MCOs characterized by a different objective, i.e. private versus mutual. Third, we point out that the ex ante providers' horizontal differentiation leads to an exclusionary equilibrium in which both insurers select one distinct provider. This result is in sharp contrast with frameworks that introduce the concept of option value to model the (ex post) horizontal differentiation between providers.
Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibodies Correlate with Clinical Status in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Hofstra Julia M. , Beck Laurence H. , Beck David M. , Wetzels Jack F. , Salant David J.
Published: April 2011

Background and objectives

Circulating autoantibodies against the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) were recently identified in the majority of patients in the United States with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN). The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of anti-PLA2R in a separate, European cohort of iMN patients and to correlate the presence of anti-PLA2R with clinical parameters reflective of disease activity.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Anti-PLA2R levels were blindly assessed by a Western blot immunoassay in 54 serum samples from 18 patients with iMN collected in various stages of clinical disease. Anti-PLA2R levels were correlated with other clinical parameters.

Results

77.8% of iMN patients in our cohort had antibodies reactive with human PLA2R. The antibody levels in these patients correlated strongly with both clinical status and proteinuria (r = 0.73, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The role of PLA2R as a major antigen in iMN was confirmed in an independent, European patient cohort, and levels of circulating anti-PLA2R revealed a strong correlation with clinical disease activity. We propose that detection and measurement of these autoantibodies may provide a tool for monitoring of disease activity and treatment efficacy.
Local pseudo-BCK algebras with pseudo-product
Authors: Ciungu Lavinia
Published: April 2011

Pseudo-BCK algebras were introduced by G. Georgescu and A. Iorgulescu as a generalization of BCK algebras in order to give a corresponding structure to pseudo-MV algebras, since the bounded commutative BCK algebras correspond to MV algebras. Properties of pseudo-BCK algebras and their connections with other fuzzy structures were established by A. Iorgulescu and J. Kühr. The aim of this paper is to define and study the local pseudo-BCK algebras with pseudo-product. We will also introduce the notion of perfect pseudo-BCK algebras with pseudo-product and we will study their properties. We define the radical of a bounded pseudo-BCK algebra with pseudo-product and we prove that it is a normal deductive system. Another result consists of proving that every strongly simple pseudo-hoop is a local bounded pseudo-BCK algebra with pseudo-product.
Regular elements in generalized hermitian algebras
Authors: Foulis David , Pulmannová Sylvia
Published: April 2011

A generalized Hermitian (GH) algebra is a special Jordan algebra that is at the same time a spectral order-unit space. In this paper we characterize the von Neumann regular elements in a GH-algebra, relate maximal pairwise commuting subsets of the algebra to blocks in its projection lattice, and prove a Gelfand-Naimark type representation theorem for commutative GH-algebras.
A uniqueness result related to certain non-linear differential polynomials sharing the same 1-points
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Bhattacharjee Pranab
Published: April 2011

The purpose of the paper is to study the uniqueness of meromorphic function when certain non-linear differential polynomials share the same 1-points. As a consequence of the main result we improve and supplement the following recent result: [LAHIRI, I.—PAL, R.: Nonlinear differential polynomials sharing 1-points, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 43 (2006), 161–168].
On some new generalized difference sequence spaces on seminormed spaces defined by a sequence of Orlicz functions
Authors: Bektaş Çiğdem
Published: April 2011

In this paper we define the sequence space ℓ
M(Δυm, p, q, s) on a seminormed complex linear space, by using a sequence of Orlicz functions. We study some algebraic and topological properties. We prove some inclusion relations involving ℓ
M(Δυm, p, q, s). spaces
A Voronovskaya-type formula for SMK operators via statistical convergence
Authors: Aral Ali , Duman Oktay
Published: April 2011

In this paper, we obtain a statistical Voronovskaya-type theorem for the Szász-Mirakjan-Kantorovich (SMK) operators by using the notion of A-statistical convergence, where A is a non-negative regular summability matrix.
Convergence rates of the LIL for random fields in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Fu Ke-Ang , Yang Xiao-Rong
Published: April 2011

Considering the positive d-dimensional lattice point Z
+d (d ≥ 2) with partial ordering ≤, let {X
k: k ∈ Z
+d} be i.i.d. random variables taking values in a real separable Hilbert space (H, ‖ · ‖) with mean zero and covariance operator Σ, and set $$
S_n = \sum\limits_{k \leqslant n} {X_k }
$$, n ∈ Z
+d. Let σ
i2, i ≥ 1, be the eigenvalues of Σ arranged in the non-increasing order and taking into account the multiplicities. Let l be the dimension of the corresponding eigenspace, and denote the largest eigenvalue of Σ by σ
2. Let logx = ln(x ∨ e), x ≥ 0. This paper studies the convergence rates for $$
\sum\limits_n {\frac{{\left( {\log \log \left| n \right|} \right)^b }}
{{\left| n \right|\log \left| n \right|}}} P\left( {\left\| {S_n } \right\| \geqslant \sigma \varepsilon \sqrt {2\left| n \right|\log \log \left| n \right|} } \right)
$$. We show that when l ≥ 2 and b > −l/2, E[‖X‖2(log ‖X‖)d−2(log log ‖X‖)b+4] < ∞ implies $$
\begin{gathered}
\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \searrow \sqrt {d - 1} } (\varepsilon ^2 - d + 1)^{b + l/2} \sum\limits_n {\frac{{\left( {\log \log \left| n \right|} \right)^b }}
{{\left| n \right|\log \left| n \right|}}P\left( {\left\| {S_n } \right\| \geqslant \sigma \varepsilon \sqrt 2 \left| n \right|\log \log \left| n \right|} \right)} \hfill \\
= \frac{{K(\Sigma )(d - 1)^{\frac{{l - 2}}
{2}} \Gamma (b + l/2)}}
{{\Gamma (l/2)(d - 1)!}} \hfill \\
\end{gathered}
$$, where Γ(·) is the Gamma function and $$
\prod\limits_{i = l + 1}^\infty {((\sigma ^2 - \sigma _i^2 )/\sigma ^2 )^{ - {1 \mathord{\left/
{\vphantom {1 2}} \right.
\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} }
$$.
Estimation in truncated Poisson distribution
Authors: Mir Khurshid
Published: April 2011

Bayes’ estimator of truncated Poisson distribution (TPD) has been obtained by using gamma prior. Furthermore, recurrence relations for the estimator of the parameter are obtained. R-software has been used for comparing the estimates with the corresponding maximum likelihood estimator (MLE).
Surgical Complications in Early Period after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Jushinskis Janis , Suhorukovs Vadims , Trushkovs Sergejs , Bicans Janis , Shevelevs Victors , Rozentals Rafails
Published: April 2011

Surgical Complications in Early Period after Renal Transplantation

Introduction. Growing number of elderly transplant recipients and expansion of the criteria for organ donation may increase the risk of post-transplant complications and impact outcomes. Aim of the Study. The aim of this study was to define the rate of surgical complications needing re-operations and their impact on posttransplant outcomes. Materials and methods. Study includes 202 consecutive deceased donor renal transplantations performed from 01.01.2004 till 31.12.2006. with further follow-up for 3 years. We analyzed the rate of re-operations, associated donor, recipient and transplantation factors and impact on post-transplant outcomes. Results. Reasons for re-operations were bleeding and hematoma formation (n=27), urological complications (n=18) and lymphocele (n=26). Hematomas were associated increased donor body mass index (BMI, p=0,067), presence of glomerular sclerosis at zero-time biopsy (p=0,034) and with development of urological complications (p=0,004) and delayed graft function (p=0,012). Urological complications were not associated with donor, recipient and transplant factors. Lymphocele were associated with donor factors (non-traumatic brain death, p=0,034, asystoly and hypotension, p=0,077, BMI, p=0,061, presence of glomerular sclerosis at zero-time biopsy, p=0,030), re-transplantations (p=0,092) and ATG use (p=0,094). Graft loss and patient survival during the follow-up period were not associated with mentioned surgical complications. Conclusions. Post-transplant surgical complications are associated with donor condition but without impact on three-year graft and patient survival.
Impact of Subclinical Rejection on Kidney Graft Function During the First Year after Transplantation
Authors: Suhorukovs Vadims , Jushinskis Janis , Rozental Rafail
Published: April 2011

Impact of Subclinical Rejection on Kidney Graft Function During the First Year after Transplantation

Introduction. There is no unified opinion about the role of subclinical rejection (SR) in further kidney graft function and the necessity of its treatment. Aim of the Study. The aim of our study is to determine the impact of SR on kidney graft function during the first year after transplantation. Materials and methods. Totally 144 deceased donor kidney transplantations were performed in a single center between January 1, 2007, and March 16, 2009. The study included patients who developed the primary graft function (n=78). Protocol biopsies were performed in 28 patients. The patients were divided into 4 groups: group A - patients, who had no histological signs of rejection on their protocol biopsy; group B - patients with histological signs of rejection who were treated with steroids; group C - patients with histological signs of rejection and with no treatment; group D - patients who were not biopsied. All groups were compared for serum creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), number of clinical rejection 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the transplantation. Results. Histological examination revealed that 18 of 28 patients who underwent the protocol biopsy had SR grade from IA to IIA (64.3%). Comparison of the group showed no statistical difference in creatinine level and GFR 12 months after the transplantation (p > 0,05 for all groups). Conclusions. During the first 12 months after transplantation SR does not significantly impact the graft function. However, the graft function was slightly worse in patients with SR and without treatment, and relatively better in patients with SR who were treated by steroids than in patients from others groups. Further follow-up is needed to determine the longer-term results.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour of the Breast in Complex Clinical Background
Authors: Abolins Arnis , Vanags Andrejs , Volanska Guna , Melbarde-Gorkusa Inga , Strumfa Ilze , Trofimovics Genadijs , Gardovskis Janis
Published: April 2011

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour of the Breast in Complex Clinical Background

Here we describe a patient presenting with combination of three rare diseases, namely de novo malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the breast, small cell variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple sclerosis. Although the combination by chance seems unlikely, the detailed history does not correspond to any of the known hereditary cancer syndromes and hypothetically may represent a new entity.
Management of a Patient with Double Aortic Arch and Severe Tracheal Compression
Authors: Lacis Aris , Bergmane Inta , Ligere Elina , Ozolins Valts , Smits Lauris , Sikora Normunds
Published: April 2011

Management of a Patient with Double Aortic Arch and Severe Tracheal Compression

Vascular ring presents less than 1% of all congenital cardiovascular anomalies and may cause respiratory symptoms and feeding problems, double aortic arch (DAA) is the most common vascular ring (40%). The anomaly is due to a failure of regression of both the right and the left fourth branchial arches, resulting in right and left aortic arches which completely encircle and compress the trachea and esophagus, producing respiratory distress and feeding problems in early infancy (1, 2, 3, 4). The first post-mortem description of double aortic arch was in 1737 by Hommell. In 1945 Gross accomplished the first successful surgical intervention for a DAA (3). Double aortic arch is commonly an isolated anomaly but is occasionally associated with a variety of congenital heart defects (ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, tetrology of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta and chromosomal abnormalities as microdeletion of 22q11.2. The clinical course of the disease and its manifestation depends on the compression of the esophagus and trachea. The most common symptoms are persistent cough (78%), dyspnoe (75%), recurrent respiratory infections (56%), feeding problems (25-40%), and failure to thrive (5%). Symptomatic tracheobronchial compression varies inversely with the severity of compression. Tracheal compression causes airflow obstruction and decreased mucociliary clearance of secretions, leading to recurrent bronchopulmonary infections. Reflex apnoe is hypothesized to be a type of respiratory arrest that occurs when vagal afferent nerves are stimulated. Respiratory distress and a history of recurrent pulmonary infections and apneic spells are indications for surgical intervention (1, 2, 3). Division of the smaller of the two arches (usually the left) is performed through the left thoracotomy. There are three successful operations in the cases of vascular ring done in the Clinics for Pediatric cardiology and Cardiac surgery of University hospital for Children in Riga. We present the one of the cases with successful treatment of severe tracheal compression.
Endoscopic exploration and repair of brachial plexus with telerobotic manipulation: a cadaver trial
Authors: Mantovani Gustavo , Liverneaux Philippe , Garcia Jose Carlos , Berner Stacey H. , Bednar Michael S. , Mohr Catherine J.
Published: April 2011

Object

The aim of this paper was to develop an effective minimally invasive approach to brachial plexus surgery and to determine the feasibility of using telerobotic manipulation to perform a diagnostic dissection and microsurgical repair of the brachial plexus utilizing an entirely endoscopic approach.

Methods

The authors performed an endoscopic approach using 3 supraclavicular portals in 2 fresh human cadaver brachial plexuses with the aid of the da Vinci telemanipulation system. Dissection was facilitated inflating the area with CO2 at 4 mm Hg pressure. The normal supraclavicular plexus was dissected in its entirety to confirm the feasibility of a complete supraclavicular brachial plexus diagnostic exploration. Subsequently, an artificial lesion to the upper trunk was created, and nerve graft reconstruction was performed. Images and video of the entire procedure were obtained and edited to illustrate the technique.

Results

All supraclavicular structures of the brachial plexus could be safely dissected and identified, similar to the experience in open surgery. The reconstruction of the upper trunk with nerve graft was successfully completed using an epineural microsurgical suture technique performed exclusively with the aid of the robot. There were no instances of inadvertent macroscopic damage to the vascular and nervous structures involved.

Conclusions

An endoscopic approach to the brachial plexus is feasible. The use of the robot makes it possible to perform microsurgical procedures in a very small space with telemanipulation and minimally invasive techniques. The ability to perform a minimally invasive procedure to explore and repair a brachial plexus injury may provide a new option in the acute management of these injuries.
Surgical management of multiple thoracic disc herniations via a transfacet approach: a report of 15 cases
Authors: Arnold Paul M. , Johnson Philip L. , Anderson Karen K.
Published: April 2011

Object

Symptomatic thoracic disc herniations (TDHs) are rare, and multiple TDHs account for an even smaller percentage of symptomatic herniated discs. Most TDHs are found in the lower thoracic spine, with more than 75% occurring below T-8. The authors report a series of 15 patients with multiple symptomatic TDHs treated with a modified transfacet approach.

Methods

Fifteen patients (9 women and 6 men) with a total of 32 symptomatic TDHs were treated surgically at the authors' institution between 1994 and 2010. The average patient age was 51.1 years. Thirteen patients had 2-level herniation and 2 patients had 3-level disease. The most commonly involved level was T7–8 (10 herniations), followed by T6–7 and T8–9 (6 herniations each). All patients had long-standing myelopathic and/or radicular complaints at the time of presentation. Each disc that exhibited radiographically confirmed compression of the spinal cord or nerve root was considered for resection. Only patients with lateral disc herniations were considered for the modified transfacet approach; patients with a centrally herniated disc underwent ventral or ventral-lateral procedures. The average follow-up time was 30 months.

Results

All patients had successful resection of their herniated discs. All patients with preoperative weakness demonstrated improved strength, and 11 of 12 patients with preoperative pain showed improvement in pain. Sensory loss was less consistently improved. The 2 patients who underwent posterior fixation and fusion achieved radiographically confirmed fusion by the 1-year follow-up. Nine of 10 patients who were working returned to their jobs. Eleven of 12 patients with preoperative back or radicular pain had drastic or complete pain resolution; 1 patient had no change in pain. All 7 patients with preoperative ambulatory difficulty had postoperative gait improvement. Complications were minimal.

Conclusions

Multiple symptomatic herniated thoracic discs are rare causes of pain and disability, but should be treated surgically because good outcomes can be achieved with acceptably low morbidity.
Air travel (Problem in high altitude)
Authors: Ali MY
Published: April 2011

DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7400Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 01
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Experiences of 77 Cases
Authors: Paul AC , Alam MJ , Hassan MK , Hannan MA , Das NK , Mridha NI
Published: April 2011

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants which needs surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to review the management of IHPS in our hospital to compare with other developed centers. This is a prospective analytical study carried out in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faridpur Medical College Hospital and Dr. Zahed Children Hospital at Faridpur, during the period of May 2002 to October 2010. Total 77 patients were treated by Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy after proper diagnosis and resuscitation. The male to female ratio was 10:1. Most of the patients presented to us within 40 days of age (90%).Younger one was 15 days and elder one was 69 days. In all cases diagnosis were done on clinical basis. The diagnosis is confirmed by barium meal x-ray in 71 cases and sonogram in 15 cases. Serum electrolytes were not estimated in all patients. There was moderate to severe dehydration in more than 60% cases. 71 cases were operated under general anesthesia and 06 cases were operated with local anesthesia. There was one postoperative death on 4th post-operative day. Oral feeding started after 8 to 10 hours postoperatively in all cases. Mucosal perforation occurred in 1 case and that was recognized and treated conservatively without any ill effect. Superficial wound infection encountered in 3 cases. Early diagnosis, preoperative correction of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance and experiences of surgeons play important role for management of IHPS. Key words: IHPS; Pyloromyotomy; Dehydration; Local anesthesia; Mucosal perforation. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7401 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 02-04
Disease Pattern and Health Seeking Behavior in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M , Islam MM , Islam MR , Sadhya G , Latif MA
Published: April 2011

Knowledge about the existing disease pattern and health seeking behavior is essential to provide need based health care delivery to any population and to make the health care system more pro-poor. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 493 systematically selected households in the Modhukhali Upazilla of Faridpur District to determine the prevailing disease pattern and health seeking behavior in rural Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interview of the selected respondents. More than half of the respondents gave history of illness of her or her family members during the preceding 15 days. Fever (33.2%), gastrointestinal diseases (24.9%) and respiratory diseases (17.8%) were the most reported complaints. Overall, there were no discernible differences in the likelihood of seeking traditional or any kind of care considering socio-demographic variables and prevailing disease types. Occupation of household head as day labor or in agriculture and suffering from gastrointestinal diseases positively predicted use of para-professionals. Use of un-qualified allopths was negatively predicted by the male gender or literacy of the household head and presence of gastrointestinal, respiratory and other types of diseases and positively predicted by occupation of the household head in agricultural field or as day labor. Use of qualified allopaths was positively predicted by respiratory, skin/eye/ENT and other types of diseases and also by standard of living and relationship of the respondents with household head and negatively predicted by agricultural or day labor work of the household head. Existence of several distinct therapeutic systems in a single cultural setting was found to be an important feature of health care system in the study area. This study concluded that it is important to develop a need based health care delivery system and actions should be taken to improve the overall scenario of health system of rural Bangladesh. Key words: Disease pattern; health seeking behavior; rural area; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7408 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 32-37
Incretin-Based Antidiabetic Agents: A New Option for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahammad F , Howlader MAR , Barnab RC , Ali MY , Naher S , Islam MMSU
Published: April 2011

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease with the co-existence of several pathophysiological abnormalities. Both microvascular and macrovascular complications are the main causes of morbidity and mortality, which develops due to endothelial dysfunction. Upregulation of reactive oxygen species, chronic inflammatory and hypercoagulable states are the pathologic basis of vascular dysfunctions in T2DM. To overcome all these abnormalities, different classes of antihyperglycaemic agents have developed. Unfortunately none is able to show satisfactory glycaemic control and to modulate vascular dysfunction. Incretin hormones are secreted from intestine during meal, which enhance insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion from the pancreas. The incretin effect is severely reduced or absent in T2DM. Incretin-based new antidiabetics, both Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin) and Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs (Exenatide) are now being used globally. They are almost equally effective as conventional antidiabetics like Sulphonylureas (SU), Metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZD) and insulin when given as monotherapy or combined with SU, MET or TZD as second line agent. Incretin-based agents do not cause hypoglycaemia, produce weight loss in spite of weight gain and do not retain salt or water and almost no gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms. The agents correct vascular dysfunctions and dyslipidaemia and can be given in elderly and renal impaired patients. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7412 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 51-54
Des œuvres analysées au corpus effectif au cycle 3 : un processus complexe
Authors: Estève Dominique
Published: April 2011

Les enseignants du cycle 3 doivent initier leurs élèves à la lecture littéraire en leur proposant des textes résistants et polysémiques. Ils sont soumis à une double exigence : exercer les élèves à la compréhension fine et les initier à tous les enjeux de la littérature. À partir du corpus indicatif, les jeunes enseignants privilégient des œuvres qui permettent de travailler des points de résistance des textes. Ils consultent volontiers les sites pédagogiques en ligne pour y trouver des dispositifs d’études. Ces derniers élisent certains ouvrages comme exemplaires pour étudier un procédé structurel donné. Ils proposent des questionnaires de lecture servant à repérer ce procédé sans faire expliciter aux élèves les processus d’inférences nécessaires ni prendre en compte les effets littéraires visés. Néanmoins la lecture en réseau élargit le corpus et en jouant sur les analogies permet aux élèves de mieux entrer dans la lecture littéraire.