bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen fertilization effect on grain yield and quality of spring triticale varieties
Authors: Abdelaal H. K. , Bugaev P. D. , Fomina T. N.
Published: August 2019

The effect of fertilizing three triticale varieties (Timiryazevskya, Karmen, and Ukro) with nitrogen at different rates either one time at pre-sowing (N30, N 60, N90, N 120 and N150) or two times at pre-sowing and flowering stage (N90+ N30) and (N90+ N60) has been studied. The data indicated that all nitrogen treatments applied either at pre-sowing or/ and flowering stage resulted in a significant increase in triticale yield of three varieties (t/ha) compared to control. The highest yield in Timiryazevskya (5.52 t/ha) was obtained after N120+N0 treatment, while in case of Karmen the highest yield (5.19 t/ ha) was obtained with N150+N0 fertilizing, as to Ukro the highest value (5.05 t/ ha) was noticed after N90+N30 treatment. Besides, the values of 1000 grains weight (gm) insignificantly increased in all cases. Protein and gluten percentage points grew simultaneously with increasing nitrogen amount.
Impact of rural entrepreneurship on migration- A case study of Dahanu (Maharashtra), India
Authors: Patil Rachana , Bhurke Vineel
Published: August 2019

A society’s prosperity critically depends upon the level of success, prosperity and growth opportunities available to its people. Entrepreneurs serve as the catalyst in the economy’s engine, triggering and stimulating all economic activity. The present study is based on primary and secondary data collected from various sources and primary data collected from Dahanu district of the Indian state of Maharashtra India during 2017-18. Qualitative data collected from different stakeholders including rural entrepreneurs concluded that agriculture is predominant occupation in Dahanu district of Maharashtra. Seasonal migration is common due to seasonal nature of rice farming, leading to high rate of school dropouts. Entrepreneurial ventures available in Dahanu categorized into two categories viz. Agriculture based and non-agriculture based ventures. Prospective entrepreneurial ventures in the study area are warli painting, poultry farm, clothes, handicrafts and handlooms, floriculture and perfumery, rice processing unit, ice factory, Sapota processing unit, Bidi making which can operate on commercial basis. There is scope to scale up existing ventures as well. Entrepreneurship helped certain individuals to reduce migration and to continue the education of their children. Hence, rural entrepreneurship can help in mitigating the complex challenges caused by migration.
Standardisation of tree spacing and organic manure dose for growing garden pea under Grewia optiva D. based agri silviculture system
Authors: Kar S. , Pant K. S. , Chandel A. , Dubey G. D.
Published: August 2019

A field experiment was carried out to explore the possibilities of successful cultivation of garden pea as intercrop under different spacings of Grewia optiva, to standardise the tree spacing and organic manure dose for optimum growth and yield of garden pea. The experiment comprised of four treatment of tree spacing (8m×1m, 8m×2m, 8m×3m and open i.e. tree less area) and eight manure doses treatment (T1-160% of recommended doses of Nitrogen through Vermicompost and Poultry manure in 50-50 ratio, T2-140% of RD N through VC and PM, T3-120% of RD N through VC and PM, T4-100% of RD N through VC and PM, T5-80% of RD N through VC and PM, T6-60% of RD N through VC and PM, T7-100% of RD of NPK and T8-Control i.e. no manures and fertilisers). Growing of Garden pea with the use of 120% of the recommended doses of nitrogen through vermicompost and poultry manure, under 8m×3m spacing of grewia was found better to other treatment combinations with respect to growth, yield, net revenue and B:C ratio.
Field screening of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes for resistance against Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus
Authors: Sravika A. , Kennedy J. S. , Rajabaskar D. , Rajeswari E.
Published: August 2019

In the current study one hundred and seven greengram genotypes screened at Department of Pulses, TNAU, Coimbatore using AICRP pest susceptibility scale. It was observed that RME-16-3, RME-16-12, MLT-GG R-16-007, MLT-GG R-16-009, COGG 1319 (rabi-greengram) were highly resistant (HR) to Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus (ULCV). None of the greengram genotype is highly resistant in kharif season. Resistance in each case were associated with lower incidence, lower spread and milder symptoms relative to the susceptible cultivars. KEM 16-1, KEM 16-8, KEM 16-20, KME -33, MLT- GG K-16-01, MLT- GG K-16-05 (kharif-greengram) and RME-16-10, MLT-GG R-16-008 (rabi-greengram) were highly susceptible (HS). In susceptible cultivars of greengram, the disease is characterized by enlargement of trifoliate leaves and crinkling of the leaf lamina. However, severity of the symptoms varies in different cultivars. Early infected greengram plants showed complete sterility. The affected plants become stunted and gave a bushy appearance and no pods were formed in severely affected plants. Better understanding of resistance of genotypes will help in improvement of varieties resistant to viral diseases will certainly brighten the prospects of plant virus control in the coming decades.
Evaluation of different solvent extracts of sweet flag rhizome, Acorus calamus (L.) on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)
Authors: Saranya M. , Nelson S. J. , Paramasivam M. , Mahalingam C. A.
Published: August 2019

Investigation was conducted to test the insecticidal activity of sweet flag rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) extracts on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) on cow pea in storage during 2016-2017 at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore. Sweet flag (SF) extracts obtained by different extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker extraction) using various solvents viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol exhibited varied levels of insecticidal action on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Pulse beetle on cow pea seeds, there was a positive correlation between the concentration of the sweet flag extracts and the insecticidal action. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in soxhlet extraction for C. maculatus was 0.042, 0.230 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in mechanical shaker extraction for C. maculatus was 0.009, 0.275 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. Hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker) showed cent per cent mortality at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on 5th day after treatment (DAT). For ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker), caused more than 80 per cent mortality was observed on 6th DAT at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on pulse beetle respectively. On 90 DAT, hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods and of ethyl acetate extract of SF obtained from mechanical shaker extraction, there was no progeny development of C. maculatus at 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.1per cent concentrations. Cent per cent mortality and there is no progeny development C. maculatus in 0.09 and 0.1 per cent of hexane extract of SF (both extraction methods) and ethyl acetate extract of SF (mechanical shaker extraction) treated cowpea seeds upto 90 days when compared to untreated control.
System of rice intensification (SRI): An innovative and remunerative method of rice cultivation in Tripura, India
Authors: Majumder Saddam Hossen , Gogoi Prodyut Bijoy , Deka Nivedita
Published: August 2019

System of rice intensification (SRI) has been gaining momentum over the years in Tripura, one of the eastern states of India. To meet the growing rice demand, a rapid increase in paddy production is needed. Considering the growing importance of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the state, the need for such a study was felt and accordingly the present study was conducted in Sepahijala district of Tripura on the basis of highest area coverage under SRI among all districts of the State. SRI offers an interesting alternative to improve rice productivity. The present study was carried out to examine the comparative economics of SRI and conventional methods of rice cultivation in Tripura, India during the year 2016-17. For the study 120 sample farmers were selected by using multistage random sampling. The cost concepts were used are Cost A, Cost B and Cost C. This paper has compared the economics of SRI and the conventional methods of rice cultivation. It has shown that gross return and net return were much higher for SRI (Rs. 129000.50), (Rs. 67050.50) than conventional (Rs. 78444.00), (Rs. 27168.00), respectively. Similarly, the return over cost was higher for SRI (2.08) than conventional (1.52) methods. The present study concludes that SRI has a tremendous potential to increase the production of rice. Moreover, adoption of this technique by the farmers would give them higher yields which in turn will help them to earn more and improve their socio-economic situation. It has proved to serve as an alternative method for rice cultivation.
Effect of dates and methods of winter rice (Oryza sativa L.) transplanting on relayed niger (Guizotia abyssinica) and soil health
Authors: Deka Anju	 Mala , Bora P. C. , Kalita H. , Zaman A. S.N. , Saikia Pompi
Published: August 2019

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of dates of transplanting under different methods of cultivation on productivity of winter rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their effect on rice-niger (Guizotia abyssinica) relay system at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Shillongani Nagaon, Assam during kharif-rabi seasons in the year 2014-15 and 2015-16. Rice transplanted on 20 June recorded significantly higher yield attributes and grain yield of rice (59.19 q/ha) as compared to the later dates of transplanting, and it was followed by 5 July- transplanted rice. Transplanting on 20 June resulted in higher values in respect of yield attributes, yield of relayed niger, rice equivalent yield (REY) of rice- niger relay system (75.68 q/ha), NPK uptake by rice and niger as well as soil fungal and bacterial population after harvest of rice and niger. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) recorded significantly higher value of yield attributes and grain yield of rice (60.34q/ha) as compared to conventional method. In case of relayed niger, yield attributes, seed yield and REY were found higher under SRI method of rice cultivation. Under SRI method, higher uptake of NPK by rice and niger and higher soil fungal and bacterial populations after harvest of rice and niger were observed as compared to conventional method. However, conventional method of rice cultivation recorded significantly higher values of soil available N, P2O5 and K2O content at the end of two year-crop cycle over that of SRI.
Insecticide resistance studies of Cypermenthrin 25EC and Chlorpyriphos 20EC against Spodoptera litura fabricius, 1775 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Sule Rupa , Kumar Dolly
Published: August 2019

Spodoptera litura is one of the important pests and causes considerable damage to the crop. The indiscriminate use of insecticides result in development of resistance. Hence experiments were planned in laboratory conditions. The pest was reared in laboratory for many generations without exposure to any insecticides during 2018-19. After ensuring infection free culture, the insecticide resistance monitoring assays were performed to determine the development of resistance against two insecticides Cypermethrin 25EC and Chlorpyriphos 20EC by leaf-dip methodology. It was performed for five subsequent generations. The experimental results indicate greater resistance developed in Cypermehtrin 25EC @ 0.5 ppm (LC 50: 0.49, LC 90: 0.94) as compared to Chlorpyriphos 20EC @ 0.05 ppm. (LC 50: 0.05, LC 90: 0.34). This shows that there is onset of resistance in Cypermethrin 25EC, which may cause adverse effects, if not used in proper rotation with other insecticides.
Olivia Arévalo Lomas: una ventana desde el infinito Asesinato del canto sagrado shipibo-konibo-xeteb
Authors: Mansilla Sepúlveda Juan
Published: August 2019

Este artículo plantea una reflexión acerca de la sabiduría ancestral indígena de un pueblo del Perú amazónico a partir del asesinato de una mujer sabia. Con el análisis teórico documental realizado se pretende comprender el ethossociocultural que vive el pueblo indígena shipibo-konibo-xeteba, y el hito que evidencia el intento de usurpación de la sabiduría ancestral del modo más violento que se pueda presentar en el mundo contemporáneo: el asesinato de la maestra espiritual Olivia Arévalo, un verdadero tesoro humano. El método fue una revisión sistemática y sintéticadel pueblo shipibo-konibo. Los resultados pueden contribuir a promover el interés por estudiar los liderazgos femeninos de los pueblos originarios y,a la vez,interpela a la comunidad académica y política respecto a los diferentes asesinatos de líderes y lideresas indígenas en diversos territorios de América Latina. A la vez, contribuye a la visibilidad, reconocimiento y difusión del patrimonio cultural inmaterial de la diversidad presente en el continente.

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Olivia Arévalo Lomas: Kiñe azkintuwe chew ñi rumelgewepem Bagümgen chi perimol qülkantun shipibo-konibo-xeteba

PIKÜNOGETUN

Tüfa chi chijka zugu feypi kiñe rakizuam xipalu kiñe xokiñ indígena che Perú amazónico mew tuwlu ñi kuyfike kimün bagümgen mew ta kiñe kimzomo. Günezuamgen ta chijka zugu mew femgechi küpa kimgey ta shipibo-konibo-xeteba ñi chumgechi mogeken egün, chem rakizuam nieygün ñi az mogen mew, ka fey chi zugu mew pewfaluwi ñi chumgechi müntukañmageken ñi kuyfike kimün fantepu mew: bagümgen ta kimeltuchefe Olivia Arévalo, kiñe rume falinchegefuy ta tüfey. Zewmayael tüfachi küzaw kümekechi malügey ka xawülkagey zugu xipalu ta shipibo-konibo xokiñche mew. Tüfa chi wenuntuzugu kejuafuy ta kake che ñi ayüal ñi chijkatual ñi mülen ta logkozomo pu pueblos originarios mew, ka güfetufi ta pu che küzawkelu füxake chijkatuwe ruka mew ka pu günenielu ñi müleken mew ta fijke balümkachen logko wenxu ka logko zomo bagümgey fijke mapu América Latina mew. Ka femgechi tüfa chi küzaw kejuy ñi pefalgeal, ñi kimtukugeal ka pegelgeal ñi mülen fijke elrupun zugu tüfa chi continente mew.
Adaptation of Application-Based Smartphone Addiction Scale to Turkish Cultures
Authors: ALTUNDAĞ Yunus , YANDI Alperen , ÜNAL Ali
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study is to adapt the Application Based Smartphone Addiction Scale, which has been developed to determine the smart phone addiction, which is becoming a common problem every day. The study was carried out with 474 students in 2017 - 2018 academic year at Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Education. In exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for construct validity, the items were collected under a single factor in keeping with the original structure. The rate of explained variance was 52.658%. The eigenvalue of the factor was determined to be 3.159. Factor loadings of the items ranged between 0.531 and 0.835, and all of the error variances were less than 0.05. Asymptotic covariance and correlation matrices and Weighted Least Square (WLS) estimation method were preferred because of the structure of data in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). T-values of the items were found to be significant at the level of 0.01 (30.522-41.257). Factor loadings of the items were found to be high (0.50-0.81). When the model fit indices were examined, the fit values calculated as χ2/sd = 2.09, RMSEA = 0.068, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.98, CFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.044 indicated acceptable or excellent fit. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.81 within the scope of reliability studies. In addition, the test-retest correlation coefficient was found to be 0.92 at four-week intervals. In this study, it has been ensured that this scale related to smartphone addiction, which has recently become a serious problem, has been introduced to national literature.
Teachers' Views about Culturally Relevant Education in Turkey: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: KOTLUK Nihat , KOCAKAYA Serhat
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine teachers' views about culturally relevant education (CRE) in Turkey. The study was carried out as a sequential exploratory mixed method design. Since both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained, sampling was achieved in two phases: Quantitative, random-stratified sampling and qualitative, purposive sampling. The quantitative data were obtained from 1302 teachers who teach in Van, Diyarbakır, Konya, Antalya, İzmir, İstanbul, and Trabzon provinces. The qualitative study group consisted of 28 teachers who were selected after analyzing quantitative data accordance with maximum diversity and outliers sampling. Quantitative data were collected by means of scale that were developed by the researchers. Qualitative data were obtained from interviews with 28 teachers who have highest and lowest scores on the scale. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of quantitative data, while descriptive analysis and content analysis were used in the analysis of qualitative data. According to results, the teachers in Turkey have positive thoughts about CRE and have some concerns. Some of the teachers think that CRE is necessary, while the others think that CRE may adversely affect the education system and the structure of society. It may be useful to look at teachers training programs in terms of culturally relevant education principles in Turkey.
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pelaku Eksploitasi Seksual pada Anak melalui Internet
Authors: Purandari Twenty
Published: August 2019

Eksploitasi seksual terhadap anak  atau Sexual Exploitation of Children adalah sebuah pelanggaran mendasar terhadap hak-hak anak dan oleh karena itu para pelanggarnya harus mendapatkan sanksi pidana yang setimpal. Upaya perlindungan hukum dan penegakan hukum dalam kasus ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian bersama karena persoalan eksploitasi seksual terhadap anak saat ini menjadi masalah yang sangat memprihatinkan dan belum dapat terselesaikan dengan baik bahkan cenderung makin mewabah sejak penggunaan media informasi dan komunikasi melalui internet marak di seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Perlu aturan hukum yang lebih mengatasi dan peran serta masyarakat untuk antisipasi. Persoalan eksploitasi seksual terhadap anak hingga dimasukkan dalam kategori kejahatan kemanusiaan yang perlu dicegah dan dihapuskan.  Ekspolitasi ini selain melanggar hukum, melanggar Konvensi Hak Anak (KHA), juga bertentangan dengan norma agama dan budaya.  Bahwa setiap anak selama dalam pengasuhan orang tua, wali, atau pihak lain manapun yang bertanggung jawab atas pengasuhan, berhak mendapat perlindungan dari perlakuan eksploitasi baik secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual. Namun pada kenyataannya masih sering terjadi praktek eksploitasi terhadap anak, terlebih di era informasi dan komunikasi yang makin canggih berbasis internet seperti saat ini, sehingga modus-modus baru pun muncul dan aturan hukum  pun dituntut untuk dapat mengatasi perkembangan persoalan ini. Pada sisi inilah penelitian yuridis normatif ini ditekankan dengan pendekatan masalah secara statue approach  dan conceptual approach, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengurai permasalahan.
Akibat Hukum Pelanggaran Legitieme Portie Melalui Akta Wasiat Menurut Burgelijk Wetboek (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 3109 K/ PDT/2015)
Authors: Radinda Fisuda Alifa Mimiamanda , Fathonah Ricka Auliaty
Published: August 2019

The purposes of this article are to know the legal consequences if the legitimate rights of Portie's heirs are violated due to the will of the heir. This research is normative legal research particulary prescriptive research. The data research are in the form of primary materials and secondary materials. The technique of collecting legal materials  is literature study technique. The approaches in this research are legislation approach and case approach. The conceptual framework is deductive. The results of this article indicate that the legal consequences arising from the violation of the legitimate portie rights are the cancellation of the will. Because the will is deemed defective and should be null and void.
Arbitration Agreement to Non-Signatory Parties in Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti Herwinda Rena , Yunita Alifah Sarah , Aprilia Mega Lois
Published: August 2019

AbstractInternational business transaction, especially in the exchange of goods and services nowadays, a contract is normally concluded to govern the entire relation between the parties. Ideally, the perfect contract probably should be able to give foresights to all possible scenarios and their solutions, regarding the beginning of the business relationship, its performance and finally its termination. In today’s commercial transaction, the parties will draw up an arbitration agreement in their contract to submit all disputes arising from a contract to a neutral body. The presence of non-signatories party in arbitration agreement is apparent on a contract which involves an affiliated companies. This situation arises because it is becoming more acceptable nowadays for a company to establish subsidiary companies in order to make business transaction become more swift and sophisticated. The liability issue normally happened when there are two company that are affiliated to each other while only one of them signed the contract. On this ground, there have been some cases wherein the affiliation is considered as an equal liability between the parent company and subsidiary, especially when the parent company is also involved in the contract performance. Extending the scope of an arbitration agreement to a party who is initially not signed under the agreement would defeat the original purpose of having the agreement in the first place. It must be remembered that the starting point of arbitration agreement is its privity, that is, it will only bind the parties who signed it From this perspective, a question arises on whether according to the regulations in Indonesia, an action of a company who has knowingly engage themselves in a contract concluded by their affiliates will make them bound to the contract and the arbitration agreement as well. This research is to give a better understanding on to what extent does a company, who only acts as a non-signatory, can be bound to an arbitration agreement if a dispute arises by seeing it from the Indonesian law perspective.
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Authors: Roy Biswajit
Published: August 2019

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البرمجة الخطية
Authors: عاشور مروان عبد الحميد
Published: August 2019

إن الهدف من هذا الكتاب هو تقديم طرائق معالجة مشكلات البرمجة الخطية المؤكدة وغير المؤكدة، فالكتاب يعرض مراحل تمهيدية وأساسية وأساليب؛ لإيجاد الحل الأمثل لمشكلات البرمجة الخطية الضبابية والمؤكدة، وأيضا جاء لسد النقص في المكتبة العربية، لإفتقارها لهذا النوع من المصادر. إن الفئة المستهدفة في هذا الكتاب بشكل خاص، هي: إختصاصات بحوث العمليات، الادارة الكمية، والاحصائية، والهندسية، والرياضيات التطبيقية، والاقتصادية، والادارية، وحاولنا قدر الامكان أن تكون منهجية عرض محتويات فصول هذا الكتاب يسيرة لدى المتلقي. وعلى الرغم من صعوبة هذا الموضوع، فهو يعد من الموضوعات المتقدمة في هذا المسار، فضلاً عن تعزيز فصول الكتاب بمجموعة كبيرة من الأمثلة التطبيقية للمساهمة في تنمية القدرات والمهارات القارئ. وجاء الكتاب بعشرة فصول. فالفصل الأول يعرض أساسيات البرمجة الخطية، في حين يعرض الفصل الثاني أهم البرامجيات الجاهزة والمعتمدة (Excel, LINDO, QSB, Tora, Matlab) في حل مشكلات البرمجة الخطية. أما الفصل الثالث فقدم مفهوم وتطبيق تحليل الحساسية وتحليل ما بعد الأمثلية، ويبحث الفصل الرابع تطبيقات البرمجة الخطية (نماذج النقل، والتخصيص، وشبكات الأعمال، والمباريات)، وقدم الفصل الخامس تطبيقات متقدمة للبرمجة الخطية، التي تتضمن مجالات التسويق، المالية، إدارة الانتاج. وجاء الفصل السادس بعرض منهجية البرمجة العشوائية، أما الفصل السابع فيبين مفهوم ومنهجية الضبابية، وفي الفصل الثامن تم عرض تطبيقات مشكلات البرمجة الخطية الضبابية، وعرض الفصل التاسع منهجية التخطيط الإجمالي للإنتاج الضبابي، وحمل الفصل العاشر مجموعة من الاختبارات تمثلت بمجموعة من التمرينات والمشكلات التطبيقية، التي تشمل موضوعات فصول الكتاب. وتم افراد فصل خاص للتمرينات؛ وذلك بسبب تداخل الموضوعات بعضها ببعض؛ ولتحقيق اكبر قدر من الفائدة للقارئ (الفئة المستهدفة).
IMPLANTAÇÃO DE CIDADES DIGITAIS COMO EXERCÍCIO DE CIDADANIA E DE PROTEÇÃO DOS CONSUMIDORES
Authors: Silveira Ricardo Dos Reis , Pina Selma Cristina Tomé
Published: August 2019

O mundo está em constante evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs), integrando pessoas, promovendo desenvolvimento econômico, social e melhoria na qualidade de vida. Para acompanhar essa evolução tecnológica, as cidades precisam ser planejadas para atender as demandas do mercado e da sociedade, seguindo conceitos de inclusão e desenvolvimento. Diante deste quadro, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar como as cidades digitais podem contribuir para o exercício da cidadania com inclusão e prestação de serviços aos consumidores de serviços públicos, criando possibilidades nos espaços urbanos com ações típicas de cidades digitais sustentáveis como mobilidade urbana, prestação de serviços e atenção ao ser humano e, como estas podem afetar o desenvolvimento econômico e social. A pesquisa orientou-se pelo método hipotético-dedutivo lastreada em livros, artigos, legislação, dados estatísticos e outros.
Kemampuan Tutupan Vegetasi RTH dalam Menyerap Emisi CO2 Sektor Transportasi di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Nugraheni Dara Sinta , Putri Rufia Andisetyana , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: August 2019

Gas CO2 merupakan salah satu gas yang dapat menyumbang emisi terutama gas CO2 dari sektor transportasi. Ruang terbuka hijau khususnya tutupan vegetasi merupakan salah satu cara menangani emisi gas rumah kaca. Surakarta merupakan kota padat terdiri dari penduduk yang terus bertambah hal ini pun berbanding lurus dengan pergerakan atau kegiatan transportasi yang terus bertambah. Namun faktanya ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau yang ada di Kota Surakarta baru mencapai 12,74% pada tahun 2014. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data sekunder berupa penggunaan bahan bakar minyak di Surakarta yang kemudian dihitung emisinya menggunakan rumus dari IPCC. Serta digitasi citra satelit luas tutupan vegetasi menggunakan ArcGIS dan observasi lapangan. Emisi CO2 sektor transportasi di Surakarta tahun 2017 sebesar 343.195,63 ton/tahun sedangkan untuk emisi CO2 seluruh sektor kegiatan di Surakarta tahun 2017 1.309.906,98 ton/tahun. Daya serap tutupan vegetasi tahun 2017 di Surakarta adalah 416.193,63 ton/tahun. Dari hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa daya serap tutupan vegetasi untuk menyerap emisi CO2 sektor transportasi sudah mampu, namun untuk menyerap emisi CO2 seluruh sektor kegiatan di Surakarta belum mampu. Sisa emisi yang belum mampu diserap kemudian diarahkan penambahan luasan tutupan vegetasi dalam bentuk pohon berdasarkan skala prioritas di tiap dominasi guna lahan.

Kata Kunci: Emisi CO2, Transportasi, Tutupan Vegetasi
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Sekolah Dasar dalam Mendukung Kota Surakarta Layak Anak
Authors: Saputri Resty Darma , Putri Rufia Andisetyana , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: August 2019

Pemenuhan kebutuhan anak akan fasilitas sosial menjadi salah satu urgensi dalam perkembangan kota mengingat penduduk pada usia anak memiliki hak yang sama dengan penduduk berusia dewasa. Tidak seperti penduduk berusia dewasa, pergerakan anak dapat dikatakan masih terbatas. Anak belum mampu untuk menjangkau kebutuhan mereka akan fasilitas sosial dengan menggunakan kendaraan. Oleh karena itu, idealnya pemenuhan kebutuhan akan fasilitas sosial anak harus dimulai dari unit lingkungan terkecil atau dapat disebut Neighbourhood Unit (NU). Prinsip-prinsip Neighbourhood Unit yang ideal disampaikan oleh Clarence Perry (1929). Salah satunya ialah pentingnya ketersediaan fasilitas sosial SD pada suatu Neighbourhood Unit. Rini et al. (2017) menyatakan bahwa 37,67% atau lebih dari sepertiga penduduk anak usia SD di Kota Surakarta cenderung memilih sekolah yang berada di luar Neighbourhood Unit tempat tinggal mereka sendiri. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan Sekolah Dasar dalam mendukung Kota Surakarta layak anak. Berdasarkan analisis faktor yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan software SPSS, terbentuklah 3 kelompok faktor yang berisi beberapa sub-faktor. Kelompok faktor pertama yang merupakan faktor dominan merepresentasikan terpenuhinya indikator terkait sekolah ramah anak. Kelompok faktor kedua merepresentasikan lokasi dan jam belajar sekolah, sedangkan Kelompok faktor ketiga merepresentasikan fasilitas tambahan yang tidak disediakan oleh semua sekolah.

Kata Kunci: Faktor Pemilihan Sekolah Dasar, Kota Layak Anak, Neighbourhood Unit
Innovative Technique in Extended Intramedullary Humeral Lengthening
Authors: Zak Lukas , Tiefenboeck Thomas M. , Wozasek Gerald E.
Published: August 2019

Case:

Intramedullary humeral lengthening is still a very uncommon procedure to treat humeral limb length discrepancy (LLD). This approach has various advantages compared with external devices but is limited in its ability to lengthen bones because of the length of the telescopic nail. This case report describes a middle-aged patient with a short right humerus secondary to a childhood growth plate injury that was successfully lengthened with an off-label application of a tibial distracting device. Hereby, a novel treatment technique with unlocking, backwinding, and reinterlocking of the telescopic nail for extended humeral distraction was performed.

Conclusions:

Extended intramedullary humeral lengthening with unlocking, backwinding, and reinterlocking of the nail is a cost-effective, minimally invasive procedure in cases of massive humeral LLD with limitations in the distraction capacity of the telescopic nail.
Trend and predictors of unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia (2000-2016): pooled evidence from demographic and health survey
Authors: Sahiledengle Biniyam
Published: August 2019

Background

Exposure to children's stool may present a greater health risk. But, in many settings including Ethiopia children's stools often considered not harmful, and do not end up in a toilet. Even those with access to sanitation facilities often fail to use them for disposal of child feces. Importantly, Ethiopia ranked among the worst third of 38 African countries whose children feces are safely disposed of.Therefore, the study aims to determine the pooled prevalence of unsafe disposal of children's stools in Ethiopia, the predictive factors associated with it and finally it examines the trend of child stool disposal in Ethiopia.Methods

The pooled data for this study obtained from the demographic and health survey (DHS) done in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2016. Descriptive statistics were computed to illustrate the given data. Binary multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify the predictors of unsafe child stool disposal.Results

The pooled data contained 26,014 children's with their mother, which were included in the study. Of these, 76.1% (95%CI: 74.7-77.5) of them were unsafe child stool disposal. The trend confirms that the prevalence of unsafe child stool disposal was falling from 90.8% in 2000, to 80.4% in 2005, 65.0% in 2011, and 63.1% in 2016. In the adjusted multivariable model, being male gender [AOR: 1.15, 95%CI (1.04-1.27)], child age (children aged 13–24 months [AOR: 0.71, 95%CI (0.62-0.80)]; children aged ≥ 25 months [AOR: 0.71, 95%CI (0.61-0.81)]), mother age (mother aged 25-34 years [AOR: 0.69, 95%CI (0.61-0.79); mother aged >=35 years [AOR: 0.71, 95%CI(0.61-0.83)]), mother's working status [AOR: 0.81, 95%CI (0.72-0.91)], mother's education [AOR: 2.61, 95%CI (1.69-4.01)], residence [AOR: 2.27, 95%CI (1.79-2.89)], latrine type [AOR: 3.23, 95%CI (2.75-3.79)], and media exposure [AOR: 1.52, 95%CI (1.34-1.73)] remained strong predictors of unsafe child stool disposal.Conclusion

In Ethiopia, almost three in four children's stool disposed unsafely, and maternal education and working status, children age,and type of sanitation facility were found to be predictive of unsafe child stool disposal. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen efforts focusing on child stool disposal behavioral to reduce the significant burden of unsafe child stool disposal and through careful consideration of these identified factors.
Seroprevalence of Brucella Infection and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care around Human, Wildlife and Livestock Interface in Ngorongoro Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania. A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Makala Robert , Majigo Mtebe Venance , Bwire George M. , Kibwana Upendo , Mirambo Mariam M. , Joachim Agricola
Published: August 2019

Background
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted to human through contact with infected animals, animal products or consumption of infected dairy products. Infection during pregnancy is of special interest due to associated adverse pregnancy outcome. This study determined the sero-prevalence and factors associated with Brucella infection among pregnant women around human-wildlife-livestock interface area in Ngorongoro Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania.
Methods
Pregnant women receiving antenatal care were invited to participate in a cross sectional study between April and May 2018. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics in addition to behavior and practices related to human brucellosis. Presence of serum immunoglobulin against Brucella was determined using Rose Bengal Plate Test. The positive samples were further assayed for presence of IgG and IgM using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.
Results
The overall Sero-prevalence of Brucella infection was 10.9%. Of 34 sero-positive individuals, 27(79.4%) had IgG antibodies while 8(23.5%) had IgM antibodies indicating 2.6% (8/313) recent infection. Regular contact with manure (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.19 – 10.80, p = 0.023), consumption of raw milk (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.12–11.39, p = 0.031), raw meat (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.28 – 7.35, p = 0.012) and raw blood (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.25–7.95, p = 0.015), increased the odds of being infected with Brucella. Majority of social-demographic and obstetric factors were not associated with the occurrence of brucellosis
Conclusion
Brucellosis is highly prevalent in areas with interactions of humans; livestock and wildlife. The risk of infection increased with regular contact with manure and consumption of raw foodstuff. These findings emphasize the need for interventional strategies to reduce risk of exposure and improve early detection of infection in pregnant women.
Age-dependent impact of breast cancer risk perception on mammography screening behavior in Brazilian women
Authors: Alves Saionara Açucena Vieira , Weller Mathias
Published: August 2019

Background: Previous studies suggest that education and income affect Brazilian women’s breast cancer prevention behavior. The present study focused on the impact of perceived risk on mammography screening behavior. Methods: Information regarding socioeconomic variables and risk perception was obtained from 396 healthy women aged 40 - 79 years. Absolute and comparative perceived risk was measured on a seven-point Likert scale. Perceived numeric risk was measured on a percentage scale A Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool of five-year and lifetime risk of developing invasive breast cancer was used to estimate real risk. Regression analysis was applied to determine odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95%CI) of independent variables. Results: Women without family history, aged 40 - 49 years and ≥ 50 years, had a 5.777 (95%CI: 2.261- 14.764) and 9.239 (95%CI: 4.028- 21.194) higher chance, respectively, of having low perceived absolute risk (p = 0.000). Regression modelling revealed that women aged between 40 and 49 years with low perceived absolute risk and low educational level, performed regular mammography screening about 2.7 (OR = 0.377; 95%CI: 0.143-0.989; p = 0.037 and OR = 0.368; 95%CI: 0.100-1.360; p = 0.040) times less often, compared to those ones with high risk perception and high educational level. Education was the only significant variable for women aged ≥ 50 years (p = 0.021): Women with low educational level underwent annual and biannual mammography about 3.5 (OR = 0.289; 95%CI: 0.035- 2.363) and 23.3 (OR = 0.043; 95%CI: 0.004- 0.420) times less often, respectively, than did women with high education level. Overestimation of numeric and comparative perceived risk, respectively, indicated a negative association with participation in mammography screening (p = 0.021; p = 0.017). Conclusions: Perception of absolute risk depended on family history. The effect of risk perception on mammography screening was age group-dependent, particularly for women aged 40 - 49 years, whereas for women aged ≥ 50 years, educational level had a more prominent effect. Overestimation of risk was not positively associated with increased adherence on mammography screening.
Prevalence and pre-disposing factors associated to gastro intestinal protozoan infections among diarrheal children under 5 years in kisii county, kenya.
Authors: Ondara Caleb Okeri , Nyachong’i Benson Omweri , Orucho Vincent Obino
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT.

Objectives: Mortality and morbidity due to diarrheal diseases among children below the age of five has been increasing especially in the developing countries. This infection has not got attention like other health issues at national or regional levels. Documenting the risk prevalence and factors that influence the occurrence of the diarrheal diseases help to inform the and to develop preventive strategies for the county of study and the country at large.

Results: There was high prevalence of gastro intestinal protozoan infection with 34(28.3%) children infected with either Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia or both (co infections). Female children were 2.1 times less likely to be infected with gastro intestinal protozoa than their male counterparts, though not statistic ally different (P=0.392).

Keywords: Gastro intestinal protozoans, diarrhea, children under 5 years
Effects of lutein supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors in adults with central obesity: study protocol for a randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhou Juan , Zhao Dan , Wang Ning , Zeng Zhiwei , Wang Changyi , Hao Liping , Peng Xiaolin
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The prevalence of central obesity is sustained growth and visceral fat is associated with increased production of inflammatory factors and metabolic risk factors. Lutein might retard the development of the metabolic disease through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, epidemiological studies associate higher dietary intakes and serum levels of lutein with decreased adiposity. However, few of the randomized controlled trails (RCT) have showed the effects of lutein supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors, especially in adults with central obesity. Methods and analysis: This study will be conducted as a double-blinded, and parallel placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 120 central obesity people aged 18-60 years old and willing to provide informed consent will be randomly assigned to intervention and placebo group in a 1:1 ratio according to gender, age and waist circumstance. The intervention group will receive daily lutein 10 mg supplementation for 12 weeks to explore the effect of lutein supplementation on serum lutein, glycemic and lipid profiles, inflammatory factors and body composition. Two population (intention-to-treat population and per-protocol population) will be used in the data analyses. Discussion: Our findings from this trial will contribute to the knowledge of the association between lutein supplementation and inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic risk factors in people with central obesity, which will offer us a possibility for the prevention of inflammatory diseases. Trail registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800018098. Registered on 30 August 2018. Keywords: Lutein supplementation, central obesity, inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic risk factors.
Evaluation of the Safety and Tolerability of a Nutritional Formulation in Patients with Angelman Syndrome (FANS): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Herber Donna L. , Weeber Edwin J. , D’Agostino Dominic P. , Duis Jessica
Published: August 2019

Background Ketogenic and low glycemic index diets are effective in treating drug resistant seizures in children with Angelman syndrome. Cognition, mobility, sleep, and gastrointestinal health are intrinsically linked to seizure activity and overall quality of life. Ketogenic and low glycemic diets restrict carbohydrate consumption and stabilize blood glucose levels. The ketogenic diet induces ketosis, a metabolic state where ketone bodies are preferentially used for fuel. The use of exogenous ketones in promoting ketosis in Angelman syndrome has not been previously studied. The study formulation evaluated herein contains the exogenous ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate to rapidly shift the body towards ketosis, resulting in enhanced metabolic efficiency. Methods This is a 16 week, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to assess the safety and tolerability of a nutritional formula containing exogenous ketones. It also examines the potential for exogenous ketones to improve the patient’s nutritional status which can impact the physiologic, symptomatic, and health outcomes liabilities of living with Angelman syndrome. Discussion This manuscript outlines the rationale for a study designed to be the first to provide data on nutritional approaches for patients with Angelman syndrome using exogenous ketones. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03644693; Registered on 23 August 2018. Last Updated on 23 August 2018.
DIVERTICULAR DISEASE IN THE YOUNG AGE GROUP – CLINICAL COURSE AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Omar Islam , Alsaati Hani , Aljabri Raneem , Kalaji Hala , Mallala Abeer
Published: August 2019

Diverticular disease is a common disease which is classically described in the elderly. However, recently its incidence in young patients is being reported more frequently. It has a wide spectrum of presentations ranging from asymptomatic diverticulosis to life-threatening forms. Classically, the diverticular disease in the young was considered a more virulent form with a higher recurrence rate necessitating more surgical interventions however, this old notion has been recently challenged. The aim is to study the clinical course of diverticular disease in the young age group < 50 years to evaluate the differences related to the predisposing risk factors, presentation, severity, complications, recurrence rate, and the management.
Methods:
A retrospective study of the patients admitted with diverticular disease in King Hamad University Hospital from 2016 to 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups; group I (Young, <50) and group II (Old, ≥ 5). A comparison was held between the two groups according to the proposed risk factors, predictors of severity, the clinical, and the way of management. Different variables were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests. Statistical significance was taken as P < 0.05.
Results 134 patients were included; 76 (56.7%) males and 58 (43.3%) females. The median age was 59.5 (Min. – Max.) (25 – 89), Mean ± SD.58.2 ± 13.5. 115 (85.8%) patients presented with diverticulitis and 19 (14.2%) with diverticular bleeding.
There was male predominance in the young group, p = 0.006. The old group showed a higher prevalence of DM, HTN and dyslipidemia, p= < 0.001 for all. Moreover, the old group showed lower haemoglobin and vitamin D levels with higher steroids intake, p = < 0.001, 0.001 and 0.004 respectively. There was no significant difference related to disease severity, management setting, antibiotics prescription, guided drainage, laparoscopic lavage or the need for surgery. However, recurrence was significantly higher in the young group, p= 0.046.
Conclusion: Diverticular disease in the young age group under 50 is more predominant in males with a higher rate of recurrence. However, it is not a severe form of the disease and can be managed the same way as in the elderly.
The impact of nurse staffing levels and nurse’s education on patient mortality in medical and surgical wards: an observational multicentre study.
Authors: Haegdorens Filip , Bogaert Peter Van , De Meester Koen , Monsieurs Koen
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND
Growing evidence indicates that improved nurse staffing in acute hospitals is associated with lower hospital mortality. Current research is limited to studies using hospital level data or without proper adjustment for confounders which makes the translation to practice difficult.

METHOD
In this observational study we analysed retrospectively the control group of a stepped wedge randomised controlled trial concerning 14 medical and 14 surgical wards in seven Belgian hospitals. All patients admitted to these wards during the control period were included in this study. Pregnant patients or children below 17 years of age were excluded. In all patients, we collected age, crude ward mortality, unexpected death, cardiac arrest with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), and unplanned admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A composite mortality measure was constructed including unexpected death and death up to 72 hours after cardiac arrest with CPR or unplanned ICU admission.

Every four months we obtained, from 30 consecutive patient admissions across all wards, the Charlson comorbidity index. The amount of nursing hours per patient days (NHPPD) were calculated every day for 15 days, once every four months. Data were aggregated to the ward level resulting in 68 estimates across wards and time. Linear mixed models were used since they are most appropriate in case of clustered and repeated measures data.

RESULTS
The unexpected death rate was 1.80 per 1000 patients. Up to 0.76 per 1000 patients died after CPR and 0.62 per 1000 patients died after unplanned admission to the ICU. The mean composite mortality was 3.18 per 1000 patients. The mean NHPPD and proportion of bachelor hours were respectively 2.48 and 0.59. We found a negative association between the nursing hours per patient day and the composite mortality rate adjusted for possible confounders (B= -2.771, p=0.002). The proportion of Bachelor hours was negatively correlated with the composite mortality rate in the same analysis (B= -8.845, p=0.023). Using the regression equation, we calculated theoretically optimal NHPPDs.

CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms the association between higher nurse staffing levels and lower patient mortality controlled for relevant confounders.