bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERACTION OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES AND GRANULOCYTES IN THE MIGRATION‐INHIBITION REACTION
Authors: Søborg Mogens
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The inhibition of migration of sensitive peripheral human leucocytes has proven to be a specific parameter of cellular hypersensitivity in vitro. The underlying mechanism is, however, poorly understood. The present experiments indicate that sensitive leucocytes upon contact with specific antigen, i.e. Brucella abortus Bang, deliver a factor into the medium which is able to inhibit the migration of non‐sensitive leucocytes. Sensitive lymphocytes alone are not able to produce this factor. In order to get an inhibition, both sensitive lymphocytes and granulocytes, which need not be sensitive, must be present. The possible explanations of the interaction between lymphocytes and granulocytes are discussed especially in relation to animal experiments in which the same principal cell types seem to be involved.
THE PROGNOSIS IN LONG TERM TREATED AND “UNTREATED” ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mathisen H. Storm , Löken Halvor , Brox Daniel , Stenbæk Örnulf
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Since 1955 we have registered patients suffering from essential hypertension. 433 cases, 225 men and 208 women, were graded according to WHO and Hammarström and Bechgaard's system. Medical treatment was started and followed up by one of us (HSM). The numbers of deaths in the treated sample and in an “untreated” series of 290 hypertensive patients are compared with the death rate in the corresponding general population in Norway. The same persons have made the classification of the treated and “untreated” samples.

In the treated series the numbers of deaths were 56 men and 29 women instead of the 15.61 men and 12.73 women expected, which shows a death rate of 359% for men and 228% for women. This is far better than of the “untreated” sample, in which the death rates were found to be 985% for men and 813% for women. It seems as if we have succeeded in reducing the death rate to about half by means of medical treatment. There is an appreciable reduction in the number of cerebral deaths in men in the treated sample as compared to the “untreated”. There is not a similar drop in cardiovascular deaths.
IRON STORES IN ALCOHOL ABUSERS
Authors: Lundvall Ove , Weinfeld Aleksander , Lundin Per
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Storage iron has been examined in aspiration liver biopsy specimens obtained from 41 alcohol abusers without cirrhosis of the liver and from 20 hematologically normal males with gall bladder disease who were otherwise healthy. No one had a history of hemorrhage or iron medication. Only male subjects were examined. The alcoholics consumed mainly distilled alcoholic beverages. Histochemical iron was estimated in parenchymal cells and in Kupffer cells and graded 0 to 4+. Stainable iron in parenchymal cells of grade 1+ or more was present in 15 of the 20 controls (75%) and in 25 of the 41 alcohol abusers (61%). In Kupffer cells stainable iron was present in three of the controls (15%) and in 15 of the alcohol abusers (37%). Two alcohol abusers had stainable iron in the Kupffer cells but not in the parenchymal cells. Thus, stainable iron of grade 1+ or more in either parenchymal cells or Kupffer cells was present in 27 of the 41 alcoholics (67%).

In 37 alcoholics and in 20 controls non‐hemin iron in the liver was determined chemically. The mean non‐hemin iron concentration related to dry weight was significantly lower in the alcohol abusers (68.3±5.8 mg per 100 g dry weight) as compared with the controls (104.4±11.2 mg). With protein as reference the mean iron concentration in the liver was lower in the alcohol abusers (148.4±11.5 mg/100 g protein) as compared with the controls (185.7±20.6). The difference was, however, not significant. No alcoholic had a non‐hemin iron concentration above the range of the controls. Thus, the present study did not reveal increased iron stores in alcohol abusers. The results rather indicated diminished iron stores in alcohol abusers as compared with controls.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STOMACH FOR THE ANTIPERNICIOUS PRINCIPLE IN THE LIVER OF PIGS. V
Authors: Petri Svend
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Vitamin B6–unlike nicotinic acid—cannot restore the antipernicious principle of the liver which is invariably lost after resection of the gastric fundus in pigs.
EXTENSIVE MUSCLE NECROSIS AFTER LONG‐TERM TREATMENT WITH AMINOCAPROIC ACID (EACA) IN A CASE OF HEREDITARY PERIODIC EDEMA
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen K. , Ysander L. , Blohmé G. , Tibblin E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A 31‐year‐old man with hereditary periodic edema was treated with aminocaproic acid 30 g daily in two periods. After, respectively, five and seven weeks of treatment he complained of pain in the thighs and calves. The cell enzymes GOT, GPT and CPK increased to high levels in the serum. Myoglobin and an increased concentration of creatine were demonstrable in the urine. Microscopic examination of the material from a muscle biopsy showed Zenker's hyaline degeneration of the muscle cells.

The patient regained muscle strength rapidly after the first incidence but slowly after the second.

He has now been free from episodes of edema for eight months on methyltestosterone therapy.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Åberg Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The amplitude of the f waves has previously been correlated to the etiology of the atrial fibrillation and to the size of the left atrium. This investigation has revealed coarse f waves to occur more frequently than fine f waves in rehumatic heart disease, which is in agreement with earlier reports. In arteriosclerotic heart disease, however, fine f waves occurred in only 21%, which is in opposition to the result of most earlier reports.

No correlation between the amplitude of the f waves and the left atrial size was found.

It is concluded that in the individual case no safe conclusions can be drawn from the size of the f waves in conventional ECG leads.
CORONARY ARTERIOGRAPHY IN VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
Authors: Björk L. , Cullhed I.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The authors have studied the preoperative coronary arteriograms in 60 operated cases of aortic valve disease, and in 58 cases of mitral valve disease, of whom two‐thirds have been operated on. Significant coronary artery changes were found only in two cases, both with aortic valvular disease. Angina pectoris was present in 33% of cases with aortic valve disease, most common in aortic stenosis, and in 16% of cases with mitral valve disease. The results show that in valvular heart disease angina pectoris only rarely is due to coronary artery disease. This holds at least for the age groups below 60 years of age, to which the majority of the cases in this series belonged.
CHLORPROMAZINE‐INDUCED ANTINUCLEAR FACTORS
Authors: Berglund Stig , Gottfries C.‐G. , Gottfries Ingrid , Stormby Karin
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A series consisting of 488 women admitted to a mental hospital have been studied for ANF. The material was divided into three diagnostic groups, viz. schizophrenia, other mental diseases, and senile dementia. From a therapeutic point of view the material was divided into four categories according to treatment with chlorpromazine. The four groups were: patients receiving chlorpromazine, patients who had previously received chlorpromazine, patients receiving other phenothiazine derivatives and a remaining group in which treatment had consisted of neuroleptics other than phenothiazines, antidepressives or sedatives. The frequency of ANF in the entire series was high. In the statistical analysis of the data only cases with a clearly positive ANF reaction were accepted as positive. The statistical analysis showed that treatment with chlorpromazine is an important inducing factor in the development of ANF. In the groups “receiving chlorpromazine” and “previous treatment with chlorpromazine” the frequency of ANF was significantly higher than in the other groups. The frequency of ANF does not appear to vary with the psychiatric diagnosis. High age may, however, be of some causal importance, the frequency of ANF appearing to be higher in the aged.

The number of patients with a clearly positive ANF reaction was 77 (15.8%). They were examined clinically and with laboratory tests, mainly for autoimmune disease. The frequency of autoimmune disease in these patients was not found to be increased, but two of the patients showed serological abnormalities connected with a predisposition to autoimmune disease. Thus chlorpromazine, like methyldopa and isoniazid, appears to be able to induce antinuclear factors. Regular follow‐up of patients receiving treatment with chlorpromazine is recommended, particularly for antinuclear factors in the serum and with the possibility of latent SLE in mind.
DRUG‐INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AMINOPHENAZONE
Authors: Palva I. P. , Mustala O. O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. This is a report of 63 episodes of agranulocytosis in 51 patients during a period of 18.5 years (1950–68). In 54 cases (93%) there was a positive history of drug ingestion, most of those without such history being from the period before 1959. An “idiopathic” case of agranulocytosis is almost entirely a function of inadequate history‐taking. The frequency of agranulocytosis has greatly increased during the period, the increment being entirely in women. During the years 1950–59 the ratio of men to women was 4: 11, in 1960–68 4: 44. The mortality has decreased from the 83% of 1950–54 to 13% in 1960–68, being close to zero for patients under 50 years of age and in adequate treatment.

As causative agents, sulphonamides and aminophenazone were the most commonly observed, the estimated incidence for the latter being 1 per 40,000 cures of the drug. A history of the use of chloramphenicol was rather common, but always in combination with other drugs known to cause agranulocytosis. The next most common agents were carbimazole, phenylbutazone and thioridazine, occasional cases being attributed to carbutamide, mephenytoin, thiamazole, phenobarbital, barbital, amithiozole, thiocarlide, metamizol natrium, tetracycline, chlorothiazide and chlorpromazine.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN B6 UPON GASTROPRIVAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEGENERATIONS. III1
Authors: Petri Svend , Petri Claus
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Vitamin B6, administered parenterally, has a curative effect upon the chronic CNS degenerations in pig caused by total resection of the gastric fundus. This effect is striking and demonstrable clinically as well as morphologically.
PLASMA LECITHIN‐CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE AND ERYTHROCYTE LIPIDS IN LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Gjone Egil , Norum Kaare R.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Plasma lecithin‐cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was reduced to approximately one fourth of normal values in patients with chronic parenchymatous liver disease without marked jaundice (mean serum bilirubin 2.0 mg/dl). A significant increase in red cell cholesterol was concomitantly demonstrated with a highly significant correlation between red cell cholesterol content and the concentration of plasma‐free cholesterol.

In patients with marked obstructive jaundice (mean serum bilirubin 14.6 mg/dl) the plasma LCAT activity was even lower and in some hardly detectable. This reduced activity could not be explained by LCAT inhibition in plasma. Erythrocyte cholesterol content was markedly increased up to twice the normal values. A significant increase in erythrocyte lecithin and significant decreases in sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were also found. Erythrocyte cholesterol content was found to be normal in patients with hyperbetalipoproteinemia and marked elevation of plasma total cholesterol with normal plasma cholesterol esterification.
EXTREME PERSISTENT EOSINOPHILIA WITH HIGH SERUM B12 VALUES
Authors: Fledelius Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A report is given on two male patients—35 and 47 years old—with pronounced eosinophilia of long duration. The first patient is still alive after six years' observation, while the second patient—a diabetic—died after four years because of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension and repeated haematemeses.

In both cases, as well as in four cases of persistent eosinophilia reported by other authors, serum vitamin B12 was considerably elevated. It is discussed whether this finding may be interpreted as supporting a leukaemic nature of the diseases. To elucidate this theory further we made a pilot test on twenty cases of eosinophilia of wellknown origin, which all showed normal serum B12 concentrations.

In the literature on eosinophilic leukaemia serum BJ2 determinations are mentioned only exceptionally. It therefore must be emphasized that serum B12 should be incorporated in the laboratory investigation programme when eosinophilia is present.
METABOLIC STUDIES OF FOLIC ACID IN NON‐MALIGNANT DISEASES1
Authors: Elman A. , Einhorn J. , Olhagen B. , Reizenstein P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The effect upon the serum folic acid activity (SFAA) of age, acute illness and chronic illness has been studied in 173 persons. Old, healthy subjects getting proper meals from institutional kitchens have normal SFAA, while those preparing their own food have low SFAA. The SFAA is normal in acute illness (thyreotoxicosis, fractures, after operations). In chronic inflammatory diseases (pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis) low or subnormal SFAA is common. In rheumatoid arthritis patients the SFAA is lower the more active the disease and the higher the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Serum iron and serum cholesterol are also low and correlated to both SFAA and sedimentation rate. The intestinal absorption of folic acid is normal in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, while the plasma clearance of folic acid is greatly increased. The high frequency of subnormal SFAA in this group may be explained by inadequate diet and/or increased turnover of folic acid in the plasma.
PLASMA LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND IN A CONTROL MATERIAL
Authors: Dyerberg Jørn , Bang Hans Olaf , Nielsen John Allan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. One hundred and eight patients with myocardial infarction have been investigated 1–1 1/2 year after the acute attack. As a control group 44 coaeval hospital patients with no known ischaemic heart disease and 65 healthy young subjects were examined.

Significantly higher values were found for plasma total lipid, triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipids in the coronary patient group as compared with the coaeval hospital control group, and in the last mentioned group as compared with the young controls.

Paper electrophoretic lipoprotein estimations were carried out in all cases. 15.9% of the hospital control group and 42.6% of the coronary patient group had Type II hyperlipoproteinaemia. Hyperlipoproteinaemia with increased pre‐β‐fraction was found in 34.1% and 35.2% respectively of the same groups. Analyses of the occurrence of pre‐β‐lipoprotein fractions in all three groups seem to suggest the existence of two different populations according to the metabolism of endogenous triglycerides. We think that this fact must be taken into consideration in future dietetic trials with the aim of preventing ischaemic heart disease.
DETERMINATION OF DIGITALIS IN BLOOD
Authors: Gjerdrum Kjell
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Digitalis glycosides inhibit cation transport across cell membranes. By measuring the inhibition of transmembrane transport by digitalis standards the unknown digitalis concentration in patients' blood samples can be determined. The original method (by Lowenstein) has been further tested and modified to obtain increased accuracy, precision and capacity. No significant interference by other preparations than digitalis has been found. The described modification is suitable for routine control of patients using different digitalis glycosides.
FASTING ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Authors: Andersen Mogens
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Three patients are presented with T‐wave inversion after food intake. In all cases the ECG was normal in fasting condition and after exercise. Abnormal T‐waves are found during digitalis treatment, in electrolyte disturbances, and also during anxiety. Postprandial changes in the T‐waves have been described in rather few publications, but a review of the literature seems to indicate that the changes are due to potassium movements over the cellular membrane. It is emphasized that a negative T‐wave in itself is not an indication of myocardial disease. In doubtful cases a fasting ECG should always be taken.
ECG IN STRICTLY POSTERIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Erikssen Jan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. ECGs from 215 patients with a diagnosis of recent myocardial infarction and a case history shorter than 48 hours have been examined. Sixty‐eight had “anterior” myocardial infarctions (group 1). Seventy‐seven had “posterior” myocardial infarctions (group 2). Seventy had equivocal ECG signs of recent myocardial infarction (group 3). In group 3 thirteen patients had R/S quotients >1 in V1 and/or V2. In group 2 sixteen patients had R/S quotients > 1 in V1 and/or V2 together with the ordinary “posterior myocardial infarction” pattern. In the absence of right bundle branch block, WPW syndrome, congenital heart disease, chronic advanced pulmonary disease or any other diseases which cause pure right ventricular hypertrophy, this sign points to a myocardial infarction in the strictly posterior (or posterolateral) aspects of the left ventricle. The electrophysiological basis of this finding is discussed briefly. It is stressed that this ECG sign is not rare as it was the sole ECG sign of recent myocardial infarction in 6% of patients in this study. In another 8% it was seen together with the ordinary Q2–3‐a VF pattern of “posterior” (diaphragmatic) myocardial infarction.
CATECHOLAMINES AND METABOLISM OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Östman Jan , Efendić Suad
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Human omental tissue was incubated in KrebsHenseleit bicarbonate medium containing 3% albumin and glucose with additions of noradrenaline, isopropylnoradrenaline, or theophylline. Glycerol release was measured and taken as the index of lipolytic activity.

In the first series of experiments the effects of equimolar concentrations of noradrenaline and isopropylnoradrenaline were compared. At each concentration lsopropylnoradrenaline produced significantly higher glycerol release. Noradrenaline‐stimulated lipolysis was suppressed completely by the beta‐adrenergic blocking agent propranolol added at a concentration of 1 μg per ml of the incubation medium. At this concentration propranolol had no effect on basal glycerol release and that induced by theophylline (10‐2 M). The alpha‐adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine inhibited only in some experiments the glycerol release produced by noradrenaline and this occurred only when the agent was added at a high concentration (500 μg/ml) which also inhibited theophylline (10‐2 M) induced lipolysis. These data indicate that in human omental adipose tissue catecholamine‐induced lipolysis is mediated by beta‐adrenergic receptors. They also suggest that the antilipolytic action of high phentolamine concentrations is localized between the formation of cyclic adenosine‐3′,5′‐monophosphate (3′,5′‐AMP) and the induction of triglyceride lipase activity.

In all experiments glycerol release produced by noradrenaline was further increased by addition of small concentrations (0.05–100 μg/ml) of phentolamine to the incubation medium. The stimulation of noradrenalineinduced lipolysis was negatively correlated with the effect of noradrenaline alone on basal lipolysis. These small concentrations of phentolamine did not significantly influence the glycerol release produced by theophylline or isopropylnoradrenaline. The maximal lipolytic responses to noradrenaline plus phentolamine were of similar magnitude to those produced either by theophylline or isopropylnoradrenaline alone. These results were interpreted as indicating that in human omental tissue there exist alpha‐adrenergic receptors which counteract the lipolytic effect of catecholamines by reducing the formation of 3′,5′‐AMP.
BONE MARROW INFARCTIONS IN A CASE OF ALEUKEMIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Bengtsson Ulla , Hagmar Björn , Kutti Jack
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case of acute lymphocytic leukemia in an elderly woman is reported. The clinical picture was dominated by extremely severe bone pain and pancytopenia. Clinically there was no splenomegaly or peripheral lymphadenopathy. Repeated sternal marrow aspirations proved unsuccessful, obviously due to a marked increase in bone marrow reticulin. At autopsy characteristic leukemic infiltrates were seen in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In addition very widespread bone marrow infarctions were found.
TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM IN CHRONIC NEPHROPATHY WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Friis Th. , Nielsen Bent , Willumsen John
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The total exchangeable sodium has been determined by the isotope dilution technique with 21Na in 1) 17 normal subjects; 2) 13 patients with essential hypertension and normal renal function; 3) 21 patients with renal failure without hypertension; and 4) 22 patients with renal failure with hypertension. In the last two groups there were respectively nine and eight patients who received intermittent dialysis treatment. The total exchangeable sodium was normal in all patients of groups 1 and 2; it was elevated in 14.3% of the patients in group 3 and in 63.5% of the patients in group 4. The mean value was significantly higher in group 4 than in group 3. Total exchangeable sodium was elevated in all patients with renal failure, hypertension and peripheral oedema. An elevation was found more frequently in patients with renal failure and peripheral oedema than in patients with renal failure without manifest oedema. Likewise, in patients with renal failure and hypertension an elevated value of exchangeable sodium was found more frequently than in patients with renal failure without hypertension. On the other hand, no correlation was found between the presence of oedema and the presence of hypertension in the above patients with renal failure. During dialysis treatment an existing increased exchangeable sodium became normal, except in one patient.
THE HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ATRIAL PACING IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Balcon Raphael , Sowton Edgar
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The haemodynamic effects of atrial pacing in 49 patients with ischaemic heart disease are described. The chief effect is a progressive reduction in stroke volume. Systemic pressure is unchanged but filling pressures first fall and then rise at the faster pacing rates. Cardiac output also falls at faster rates. It is concluded that atrial pacing has no deleterious effects in the range of rates that is used clinically to control bradycardia without atrio‐ventricular block, or to treat arrhythmias. It is preferable to ventricular pacing because it retains atrial transport.
ISOTOPE RENOGRAPHY COMBINED WITH RECORDING OF ISOTOPE CYSTOGRAM IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL TRANSPLANTS
Authors: Hansen Hans Erik , Sell Arne
Published: August 2010

Abstract. 131I‐hippuran renography combined with recording of an isotope cystogram has been carried out in 23 patients who had received a renal transplant. Altogether 120 renographs were performed. The control series consisted of nine patients with stable renal function 68 to 720 days after transplantation. With acute as well as with chronic rejection an elevation in the third phase of the renogram was seen. An excretion ratio was calculated; this was significantly different from the excretion ratio found in the control series. The renogram became normal pari passu with normalization of renal function in patients with acute rejection. In three patients with obstruction of urinary outflow a reduced excretion ratio was found, accompanied by an increased transit time. The transit time in patients with acute or chronic rejection did not differ from that found in the control patients. It was thus possible in these three cases to differentiate between acute rejection and obstruction by the use of renography combined with isotope cystography.
ACHILLES REFLEX TIME AS A MEASURE OF THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Ringqvist Ivar
Published: August 2010

Abstract. An analysis has been made of the method for determination of the Achilles reflex time (called reflex time). Different sources of error are reported. A high reliability of the test was obtained with the described method. The reflex time and basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 136 patients, 25 hyperthyroids, 98 euthyroids and 13 hypothyroids, were measured, and to a less extent the PBI and 131I uptake. About one third of the patients had earlier undergone treatment of the thyroid gland, all except a few with 131I. Reflex time showed a fairly high validity as test of thyroid function. With normal values for the thyroid function tests used at the Hospital of Umeå there were small differences between the total number of true diagnoses based on reflex time, BMR, PBI and 24‐hour uptake of 131I (T24). The normal range for reflex time seemed to be little affected by extra‐thyroid factors or earlier treatment of the thyroid. The reflex time is therefore suitable for evaluating the state of a patient whose thyroid gland has been treated and for checking the effect of treatment. As regards diagnosis of thyroid function, a combination of reflex time and BMR gave a better discrimination in the examined group of patients than either test used separately. The diagnostic accuracy was about 90% in euthyroids and about 80% in hyperthyroids and hypothyroids. No other combination of two of the thyroid function tests gave a better result than that of reflex time plus BMR.
MULTIPLE SERUM ENZYME ANALYSES IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS
Authors: Konttinen Aarne , Härtel Gottfried , Louhija Antti
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Multiple serum enzyme analyses in 100 chronic alcoholics with a history of heavy drinking revealed that most serum enzyme activities were increased in some of these patients. Increased serum creatine kinase activity, characteristic of muscle injury, was found in 43 patients. Since cardiac damage could be excluded by other enzyme tests, skeletal muscle damage seems to be common in alcoholic patients. Elevated serum ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), which is specific for liver damage, was found in 56 patients. Serum GOT, commonly used for detection of liver damage, seems in alcoholics to be partly released from skeletal muscles and should thus be replaced by the more specific OCT, for which there is a simple method. In alcoholics the increased serum activity of the intramitochondrial enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase, suggests a rather severe liver damage in nearly half of the patients. Serum guanine deaminase (guanase) was pathological less often than the other “liver enzymes”. Heavy increased values were encountered often in serum γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase but leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were less often elevated.
THE USE OF AN ELECTRODE CATHETER IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY OF THE HEART
Authors: Müller Ottar , Nitter‐Hauge Sigurd
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case of Ebstein's anomaly of the heart in a 53‐year‐old man is presented. Except for exertional dyspnea, the patient did not present symptoms or signs of manifest heart failure. The diagnosis was strongly suspected through the demonstration of a change in pressure patterns from ventricular to atrial when an electrode catheter was withdrawn from the right ventricle across the tricuspidal valve area into the right atrium, although the simultaneously recorded intracardiac ECG remained ventricular in form. The diagnosis was confirmed by the angiographic picture showing a moderately enlarged right atrium with displacement of the tricuspidal valve into the ventricle.
DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS ENTEROPATHY AND WHIPPLE'S DISEASE
Authors: Myhre Erik , Skrede Sverre , Gjone Egil
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A patient with Whipple's disease and intestinal villous atrophy for many years developed a typical skin lesion of dermatitis herpetiformis. This suggests that the intestinal manifestation might precede the dermal changes of dermatitis herpetiformis. Further, the relationship between dermatitis herpetiformis enteropathy and Whipple's disease is discussed.
α‐FETOPROTEIN IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA WITH AN ABNORMAL ELECTROPHORETIC α1‐FRACTION
Authors: Ganrot Per Olov , Trell Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A very high serum concentration of α‐fetoprotein (156 mg/100 ml) was demonstrated in a 62‐year‐old man with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. The protein produced a distinct band in agarose gel electrophoresis which was indistinguishable from that seen in certain cases of hereditary electrophoretic abnormality of α1‐antitrypsin.
COMPARISON BETWEEN VARIOUS METHODS USED TO CONTROL DICUMAROL THERAPY
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A comparison has been made between the following methods used to control dicumarol therapy: P&P (human thromboplastin), Simplastin A (rabbit thromboplastin), thrombotest (bovine thromboplastin), Quick's original method and Lehman's modification of this method (human and rabbit thromboplastin). It is shown that human and bovine but not rabbit thromboplastin is sensitive to the inhibitor formed during dicumarol therapy. In spite of this it is possible to use Biggs and Denson's ratio method (1) to compare the “prothrombin” determination methods. By means of linear regression analyses the therapeutic level of the different methods are compared. In the discussion it is stated that methods of this kind never give a true picture of the dicumarol effect on the hemostasis. They must be regarded as indicators.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN CHRONIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Nielsen Ingolf , Clausen Ebba , Jensen Gorm
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Plasma renin activity (PRA) has been measured in 14 patients with chronic nephropathy maintained on hemodialysis. Most of the patients were hypertensive at the time of measurement, and mean PRA was significantly elevated. No correlation between PRA, mean blood pressure and dialytic controllability of hypertension could be established. As in normal subjects and in hypertensives of varying etiology there appeared, however, to be an inverse correlation between PRA and plasma sodium concentration.
RETICULUM CELL SARCOMA IN WALDENSTRÖM'S MACROGLOBULINEMIA AFTER CHLORAMBUCIL TREATMENT
Authors: Österberg Gunnar , Rausing Alf
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case of macroglobulinemia Waldenström with a very protracted course—in all 17 years, with seven after chlorambucil treatment was started—is presented. The postmortem examination showed changes both of reticulum cell sarcoma and amyloidosis. A review of the literature on macroglobulinemia and reticulum cell sarcoma is given.
DANGEROUS REDISTRIBUTION OF THALLIUM BY TREATMENT WITH SODIUM DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE
Authors: Kamerbeek H. H. , Rauws A. G. , ten Ham M. , van Heijst A. N. P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In patients with thallium poisoning, treated with the chelating agent sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (dithiocarb), clinical deterioration and electroencephalographic disturbances have been observed coincident with the periods in which dithiocarb was given. Intravenous administration of dithiocarb to rats poisoned with thallium causes redistribution of thallium in the chelate form, with an increase of concentration in the brain. The chelate formed is rapidly decomposed again. These observations constitute a contraindication to the use of dithiocarb as an antidote in thallium poisoning.
BLOOD INORGANIC PHOSPHATE, PYRUVATE AND LACTATE DURING AN INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST IN ISCHEMIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Hagenfeldt Lars , Wahlberg Fredrik
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Blood inorganic phosphate, pyruvate and lactate have been determined during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in a group of subjects with ischemic cardiovascular disease (ID) and in a group with overt diabetes mellitus. Among the subjects with ID, fasting blood inorganic phosphate decreased with decreasing glucose tolerance. Fasting levels of both pyruvate and lactate increased with increasing fasting blood glucose. None of these correlations was observed in the diabetics. After intravenous administration of glucose a fall of inorganic phosphate was observed, the magnitude of which correlated positively to the glucose tolerance in all subjects. Blood pyruvate and lactate rose in the subjects with ischemic disease and normal glucose tolerance, and decreased in the diabetics after glucose injection. Positive correlations were observed in all subjects between the changes in pyruvate and lactate and the glucose tolerance.
LATE RENAL TRANSPLANT FAILURE DUE TO THE HEMOLYTIC‐UREMIC SYNDROME
Authors: Petersen V. Posborg , Olsen T. Steen
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case is reported of hemolytic‐uremic syndrome with irreversible renal failure in a young girl who had received a renal transplant 20 months previously. Splenectomy and high‐dose steroid therapy were without effect on hemolysis and thrombocytopenia. Removal of the anuric kidney graft was followed by cessation of hemolysis and disappearance of thrombocytopenia. The microscopic lesions in the graft revealed microvascular disease, while histological signs of rejection were absent.
PLATELET FUNCTION AND PLATELET PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA
Authors: Nordøy Arne , Rødset Johanne Margrete
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Platelet factor‐3 activity and availability, platelet phospholipids, their fatty acid and aldehyde composition and plasma lipids have been examined in patients with hyperbetalipoproteinemia before and after treatment with nicotinic acid or clofibrate. Increased platelet factor‐3 activity was present in platelet‐rich plasma, and increased availability was found after exposure of platelets to adenosine diphosphate. Estimated per 109 platelets, increased amounts of platelet phospholipids were found in the patients, whereas the phospholipid fatty acid pattern was as in normals. After treatment with nicotinic acid and also clofibrate, the platelet factor‐3 activity and availability were normalized. No changes were observed in platelet factor‐3 activity in platelet‐poor plasma or in the quantity of platelet phospholipids and their fatty acids during the treatment. Plasma cholesterol and phospholipids were markedly decreased by the treatment. It is suggested that an interaction exists between platelets and plasma lipoproteins. In patients with hyperbetalipoproteinemia this interaction may favour the tendency to thrombosis and can be reversed by treatment with nicotinic acid and probably clofibrate.
STUDIES IN SUBJECTS WITH POSITIVE POSTPRANDIAL CLINISTIX® TEST
Authors: Carlström Sven , Lundquist Alf , Lundquist Ingmar , Nordén Åke , Scherstén Bengt , Wollmark Georg
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Twohundred and thirty‐one subjects with borderline glucose tolerance, detected during a diabetes survey performed in Malmöhus County 1962–1965, have been followed up for 3–5 years. In the newly discovered state selected cases were studied with determinations of seruminsulin‐like activity (SILA) in the fasting state and during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and with determinations of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), fasting and during a short exercise test. It was found that the SILA values of the borderline cases did not differ from those of normal subjects. In the fasting state the plasma FFA level of the borderline cases was somewhat elevated, but during the exercise test no difference was noticed in comparison with normal subjects. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IGTT) were performed in the subjects in groups II‐IV and in a control group. The K‐values in the borderline groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. The borderline cases were separated into four groups: group I was given no instructions at all, group II dietary instructions, group III diet and tolbutamide 1.5 g daily, and group IV diet and placebo tablets. In none of the groups did any individual pass into a state of clinical overt diabetes during the observation period, and no deterioration of the carbohydrate tolerance was observed as judged by repeated OGTTs. It is concluded that the progress of glucose intolerance, if any, is slow and that further observation of the borderline cases is necessary to reveal whether such subjects are candidates for clinical diabetes.
ON COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS IN CONSERVATIVELY TREATED CHRONIC URAEMIA
Authors: Larsson Sten Olle , Hedner Ulla , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Factors of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems have been studied in 50 conservatively treated patients with chronic uraemia of varying origin and serum creatinine levels of 2.1–27.5 mg/100 ml. The patients were grouped according to serum creatinine level, aetiology of renal failure and actual treatment. The investigation showed that decreased platelet adhesiveness, prolonged Ivy bleeding time and bleeding tendency, increased content of certain coagulation factors (factor VIII, P & P, fibrinogen), decreased fibrinolytic activity and increased content of inhibitors of plasminogen activation were common. The platelet adhesiveness decreased, the bleeding time and the bleeding tendency increased with increasing serum creatinine. Factor VIII, P & P and fibrinogen tended first to rise and then to fall, while the fibrinolytic activity and the content of inhibitors of plasminogen activation did not vary with renal function. No certain correlation was found between the changes observed and the aetiology of uraemia or actual treatment.
THE VASOPRESSIN TEST AS AN AID IN THE EVALUATION OF HYPOTHALAMO‐PITUITARY‐ADRENAL FUNCTION
Authors: Hortling H. , Puupponen Eva , Sundholm Isa
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The effect of lysine vasopressin (LVP) on plasma 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids (11‐OHCS), when administered intramuscularly at 10 p.m., and at one and two hours later has been studied in a series of 164 individuals, 43 of whom served as controls and the others represented groups of patients with hypopituitarism, glucocorticoid‐treated patients and other metabolically interesting patients. There was a significantly smaller average rise of 11‐OHCS in the hypopituitarism group and in the corticoid‐treated groups than in the control group. Oestrogen‐treated patients responded normally to LVP. The side‐effects caused by the administration of LVP were slight and well tolerated in all patients. In a number of patients the adrenal function was studied with the aid of the 5 hours' intravenous adreno‐corticotropic hormone (ACTH) test after the LVP test. The effect of LVP on the eosinophil cells in the blood was smaller than that caused by ACTH in the i.v. test. The LVP test can be used as a convenient screening test of the hypothalamic‐adrenal system.
HYDROXYPROLINE EXCRETION IN THE URINE AND CALCIUM METABOLISM DURING LONG‐TERM TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL
Authors: Siersbæk‐Nielsen K. , Skovsted L. , Hansen J. Mølholm , Kristensen M. , Christensen L. Korsgaard
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Thirty hyperthyroid patients have been studied before and during long‐term treatment with propylthiouracil for the purpose of evaluating changes in the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline and relating these to some parameters of calcium metabolism and thyroid function. Urinary hydroxyproline and urinary calcium were found to be significantly raised before treatment. A very rapid fall in urinary calcium was noted within the first two weeks of treatment. BMR and PBI showed a parallel fall to euthyroid values following six weeks of treatment, while there was a slow fall in the mean value of urinary hydroxyproline. After three months the mean value was still elevated and normal values of urinary hydroxy‐proline were not obtained until six months after the beginning of treatment. A possible causal relation between collagen metabolism and calcium metabolism during antithyroid treatment is discussed. Our results may indicate that many hyperthyroid patients do not reach a metabolic steady state until about three months after the beginning of antithyroid treatment.
PLATELET ADHESIVENESS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Sjögren A. , Böttiger L. E. , Biörck G. , Paasikivi J. , Carlson L. A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Platelet adhesiveness was estimated by three commonly used whole‐blood methods in 50 patients with a previous myocardial infarction and 50 matched controls. No evidence of increased platelet adhesiveness in these patients with ischaemic heart disease was obtained. No correlation was found between platelet adhesiveness and the intravenous glucose tolerance test, nor with serum cholesterol and triglycerides.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)
Authors: Talstad Ingebrigt
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Erythrocytes in normal autologous plasma formed rouleaux, which increased in speed and degree with the cell concentration, forming a fine‐meshed network of rouleaux at high cell concentrations. In cases of pathologically or artificially induced elevation of the sedimentation rate, a qualitative change of the red cell interaction has been found, characterized by the tendency to “clumping of rouleaux” with a coarse‐meshed network of rouleaux between such clumps.
PAIN IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Säwe Urbain
Published: August 2010

Abstract. With the introduction of the coronary care units (CCU) the question of an early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has become of great importance. The main criterion for admission to these units has been central chest pain. In this study the localization and radiation of chest pain has been analysed. No typical localization of the chest pain has been found in the patients with AMI compared to those admitted to the CCU but found not to have AMI. The radiation of pain to the neck and arms is, however, highly significantly more common in patients with AMI than in the controls.
PROTECTION OF BLOOD CELLS BY PLASMA PROTEINS
Authors: Talstad Ingebrigt
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A study has been made as to whether plasma proteins might interfere with the behavior of blood cells. In media deprived of plasma, erythrocytes and leukocytes became irregularly shaped, tended to aggregate, to show poor recovery after centrifugation and to become stained by supravital dyes. A trace of plasma or serum was sufficient to protect the cells. Similar results were obtained with plasma proteins, of which fibrinogen was more effective than albumin or gammaglobulin. It is suggested that plasma proteins protect the cell membrane.
COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS IN YOUNG FEMALE ARTERITIS
Authors: Isacson Sune , Nilsson Inga Marie , Berg Bertel , Karlefors Tord , Ursing Bo
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Extensive and repeated analysis of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in five women with young female arteritis revealed a normal content of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in the circulating blood, a normal platelet count and platelet adhesiveness in all five, a poor fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion and/or reduced plasminogen activator content in superficial vessel walls of four patients studied. In spite of the limited number of patients the findings suggest a defect of the fibrinolytic system, which may contribute to the eventual development of arterial thrombosis.
THE NATRIURETIC EFFECT ADDITION OF QUINETHAZONE AND FUROSEMIDE IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Olesen Knud H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The combined natriuretic effect of quinethazone and furosemide has been compared to the action of single drugs in 12 patients with congestive heart failure using a permutation trial test. The results indicate that the combined effects of the drugs represent an effect addition of two diuretics which act by different mechanisms.
THE SUPRA‐ADDITIVE NATRIURETIC EFFECT ADDITION OF QUINETHAZONE OR BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE DURING LONG‐TERM TREATMENT WITH FUROSEMIDE AND SPIRONOLACTONE
Authors: Olesen Knud H. , Sigurd Bjarne
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The additive natriuretic effects of single doses of quinethazone (50 mg) or bendroflumethiazide (5 mg) have been studied in patients with advanced congestive heart failure receiving longterm treatment with furosemide (160 mg) and spironolactone (100 mg) daily. Three permutation trial tests were performed. In the first trial including 12 patients a significant increase of renal sodium, chloride, potassium and water excretion and osmolal clearance was found after supplementary administration of quinethazone or bendroflumethiazide. In the second trial including 6 patients the response to supplementary quinethazone (50 mg) was definitely superior to that of additional furosemide (80 mg). Accordingly the response to supplementary quinethazone cannot be explained as a dose addition effect of drugs acting on the same renal tubular receptors, but must represent an effect addition of diuretics acting by different mechanisms or at different sites in the nephron. The third trial compared in 6 patients the effects of quinethazone (50 mg) + spironolactone (100 mg), of furosemide (160 mg) + spironolactone (100 mg), and of quinethazone (50 mg) + furosemide (160 mg) + spironolactone (100 mg). In terms of natriuresis, chloruresis, cation excretion and weight loss the responses to the combination of all three drugs were significantly larger than the sums of the effects of other treatments. It is concluded that the combined effects of the drugs represent a supra‐additive effect addition (or a supra‐additive summation). A tentative explanation of the mechanism of this effect in terms of inhibition of renal tubular sodium transport is given. Since the combined effects of all three drugs involve a tendency to development of hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia and alkalosis, it is recommended that the supplementary use of quinethazone or bendroflumethiazide in this setting is combined with the administration of potassium chloride.
TRANSIENT CHOLESTASIS DURING TREATMENT WITH AJMALINE, AND CHRONIC XANTHOMATOUS CHOLESTASIS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF AJMALINE, METHYLTESTOSTERONE AND ETHINYLESTRADIOL
Authors: Beermann Björn , Ericsson Jan L. E. , Hellström Kjell , Wengle Bo , Werner Bengt
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Intrahepatic cholestasis and jaundice have been observed in one male and one female patient treated with ajmaline. The male patient improved rapidly upon interruption of therapy. The female who, in addition, had been given methyltestosterone and ethinylestradiol, developed a pronounced xanthomatous cholestasis that has persisted for more than two years. There has been no evidence of liver failure in this case. Galactose tolerance tests have been normal. Liver slices from the patient metabolized methyltestosterone in a similar way and to the same extent as those of a control subject. The ultrastructure of many of the liver parenchymal cells appeared normal, whereas others contained vacuoles filled with irregular clumps of electron‐dense material–“whorl bodies”–believed to represent altered, and reabsorbed, bile. Similar bodies reflecting regurgitation of bile, probably through diacytosis, were also encountered in the Kupffer cells and in the extracellular spaces (the sinusoids, the bile capillaries and intercellularly between the parenchymal cells). One year after the onset of symptoms there was no evidence of biliary cirrhosis. The observations suggest that the combined effects of several cholestatic agents may result in a more severe cholestatic disease than occurs when either of the drugs is administered alone.