bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcommitment to work as a mediator of the association between effort-reward imbalance and insomnia among shift working nurses
Authors: Gustavsson K. , Wichniak A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Today, approximately one fifth of employees in the European Union works in the shift system. Insomnia is one of the most common consequences of occupational stress and shift work. Identifying factors contributing to poor sleep quality among shift workers, especially in healthcare professions, is important because insomnia increases the risks for numerous health disorders and impacts work ability.

Objectives

The aim of this research was to investigate to what extend does an inability to withdraw from work influences the link between occupational stress and insomnia among shift workers. We operationalized occupational stress within the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model (ERI). An imbalance between individual effort and reward obtained at work leads to experiencing a stressful work environment.

Methods

153 shift working female nurses completed a short questionnaire about work schedule, the Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire with the Overcommitment (OC) scale and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). To estimate the mediating effect of OC on the association between ERI and ISI, we conducted a mediation analysis using PROCESS v3.4 macro in SPSS.

Results

The model including ERI and OC accounted for 12.25% of the variance in ISI scores. ERI significantly predicted OC and OC significantly predicted insomnia. The direct effects of ERI on ISI remained significant after controlling for the effects of overcommitment. 35.07% of the effect of ERI on ISI was through OC.

Conclusions

Ability to detach from work-related thoughts during leisure time is crucial for successful recovery from occupational stress. The research is supported by a grant no. 2019/33/N/HS6/02572 from the National Science Center in Poland.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A case of incubus phenomenon
Authors: Tjokrodipo L. , Sneep A. , Michielsen P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The incubus phenomenon is a paroxysmal sleep-related disorder in which patients experience sleep paralysis and compound hallucinations. The symptoms of this phenomenon contain: sensed presence, fear, visual and auditory hallucinations, unusual body experiences such as out-of-body experience and feelings of floating/paralysis, experiencing a pressure on the thorax, difficulties breathing and a feeling of pain(1). This phenomenon appears to be universal, but has different cultural explanations(2).

Objectives

We present a case of possible incubus phenomenon to raise awareness about this specific condition.

Methods

A literature search in English was performed using PubMed with the following mesh term: ‘incubus phenomenon’.

Results

We present a 29-year old man, known with an intellectual disability (IQ=74), psychotic disorder and a cannabis use disorder. After neurological examination, he was diagnosed with narcolepsy and cataplexy. Over the past weeks there had been an increase of hallucinations that appear before, during or after sleep. The patient’s thoughts included sexual approaches by caregivers, difficulties in breathing and a moving sensation while laying down in bed and experiencing pressure on the thorax assuming a woman was sitting on his chest. Literature search shows a lifetime prevalence of 0.11 % in general population versus 0.41 % in psychiatric patients(2.)

Conclusions

Literature review shows only a few cases describing the incubus phenomenon. The prevalence is four times higher in patients with a psychiatric history(2) and should not be confused with psychotic disorder. Recognizing is important for proper treatment, as reoccurring attacks can be treated with anxiolytics, antidepressants, anticholinergics or anti-epileptics, and sleep hygiene methods(1.)

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Telephone interviews among a cohort of gambling patients at the time of COVID-19
Authors: Levari E. , Negri A. , Simonato P. , Tomasi G. , Branz G. , Coppola A. , Gianfranceschi P. , Leoni E. , Mistretta P. , Stefani M. , Vanzetta M. , Corazza O. , Franceschini A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Background: Little is known about the modifications in gambling patterns during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has shown signs of increase, particularly for individuals with preexisting gambling problems.

Objectives

Our aim was to assess the behaviour of a cohort of patients in the Trentino Region.

Methods

A semi structured questionnaire containing Hamilton Depression Rating Scale as well as open-ended questions on gambling activities, specifically online gambling, was administred over the telephone. The survey was administred for two months over the lockdown period (april-june 2020) and took approximately 20 minutes to complete.

Results

About 50 responsens were collected. Data are currently been analyzed and will be avaiable at the time of the Congress.

Conclusions

Will be show at the time of the Congress.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Stigmatization as a barrier in opioid substitution therapy patients
Authors: Gonçalves M.J. , Sereijo C. , André R. , Andrade G. , Saraiva R. , Linhares L. , Chendo I. , Abreu M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Goffman defined stigma as an “attribute that is deeply discrediting” and in the last two decades research on this subject grew substantially.Opioids were ranked as the second most common form of illicit drug used worldwide and there is consensus in the literature that opioid substitution therapy (OST), methadone or buprenorphine, are the most effective treatments, although remain underutilized. People with an history of substance use disorders (SUD) are widely stigmatized, a significant barrier to detection and treatment efforts. Care workers were cited as the second most common source of stigma.

Objectives

The aim is to do a review of the literature of stigma as a significant barrier to OST and present several potential strategies to reduce stigma.

Methods

Non-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the last 5 years; by searching the Pubmed and Medscape databases using the combination of MeSH descriptors. The following MeSH terms were used: Opioid Use Disorder; Stigma; Opioid Substitution Therapy

Results

OST providers should actively bring up the topic of stigma in clinic appointments to determine whether the patient is experiencing stigma, and if so, whether it is adversely affecting their ability to continue in the treatment. More active measures need to be taken to help reducing the stigma through public awareness campaigns at local levels, continuing education of health care providers regarding substance OST, and greater incorporation of family members into the program.

Conclusions

In conclusion, further research is required to understand and address this issue.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with long-term remission with buprenorphine / naloxone in opiate use disorder
Authors: Kahya Y. , Erdogan A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Buprenorphine/Naloxone (BP/NLX) is an effective drug combination used in long-term maintenance therapy in opiate use disorder (OUD). In some studies, abstinence over 180 days was defined as long-term remission (1).

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients in long-term remission with BP/NLX.

Methods

In this study, 30 patients who were followed up with OUD at Akdeniz University Addiction Center and were in remission with BP/NLX for at least 180 days were evaluated retrospectively.

Results

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are summarized in table 1.

Conclusions

OUD is associated with lower quality of life and employment rate (2). In our study, the rate of working in a regular job is high. It can be concluded that prolonged remission improves functionality in patients. Although patients are in remission for a long time in terms of opiate use, 20% of patients continue to use cannabis and 10% continue to use cocaine. In a study, there was no difference in productivity and quality of life between BP users with and without current cannabis use. Continued use of cannabis by patients may be related to this condition. However, cannabis use increases many mental illnesses, especially psychosis (4). In patients in remission with BP/NLX, studies should also be carried out to avoid other substances than opiates. In our study, in accordance with the literature (5), no negative effects on kidney and liver functions were observed with long-term BP/NLX treatment. BP/NLX appears to be safe in prolonged use.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Risk and protective factors for opioid overdose during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wong J. , Westenberg J. , Mathew N. , Azar P. , Krausz R.M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

People who use drugs (PWUD) are now at the intersection of two public health emergencies – the Covid-19 pandemic and the overdose crisis. They may be at heightened risk of overdose due to increased isolation, worsened mental health, and changes to the illicit drug supply. The province of British Columbia (BC) in Canada is anticipated to experience a record-breaking year of overdose deaths as over 1,500 people (32.9 deaths per 100,000) have died from overdose in 2020. In response, BC released new clinical guidelines in March to allow the prescribing of pharmaceutical alternatives aiming to reduce PWUD’s risk of overdose and contracting Covid-19.

Objectives

We examined the risk and protective factors for overdose during these dual crises. We explored how the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health and substance use of PWUD and their access to treatment and harm reduction services.

Methods

We are conducting a survey among patients with opioid use disorder at a major hospital in Vancouver, BC. It includes the following domains: sociodemographic characteristics; mental and physical health; substance use patterns; opioid overdose history; access to treatment, harm reduction services; impacts of Covid-19.

Results

We anticipate collecting data from 200 participants. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis will be conducted to describe the sample and determine the risk, protective factors for overdose.

Conclusions

We will gain a better understanding of overdose risk in PWUD who are now navigating the complex challenges created by the dual crises. This will in turn inform the establishment of evidence-based strategies to reduce their overdose risk.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Systematic review about the screening of cannabis use during pregnancy and neonates
Authors: Gonzalez-Mota A. , Covacho-Gonzalez M. , Valriberas-Herrero I. , Roncero C. , De La Iglesia-Larrad J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Cannabis use in pregnancy is related to developmental and mental disorders. The acknowledgement of prenatal exposure frequently depends on the mother’s report, which can often be omitted. There exists little bibliography of the different methods to detect the use of cannabis during pregnancy, with no standardized screening available.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to review the available bibliography about screening of cannabis use during pregnancy and neonates and to analyze the different methods of prenatal screening being used in clinical practice.

Methods

A systematic review of the methods of screening of cannabis use during pregnancy and neonates was carried out in PubMed (July 2020) in English, French and Spanish(10 years) with the keywords: screening, test, detection, analysis, urine, blood, hair, meconium.107 studies were analyzed: 52 included and 55 excluded (Figure 1.).

Results

The studies analyzed stand out for its large heterogeneity. Self-report of pregnant women, meconium and maternal urine analysis are used the most. The type of analysis technique is not reported or chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and enzyme-linked inmunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) is used(Figure 2.). Urine seems to be the most accurate method for maternal testing. Neonatal meconium and umbilical cord tissue indicates fetal exposure during second and third trimester, neonatal hair third trimester exposure and maternal serum and hair can also be used (Figure 3.).

Conclusions

Nowadays, the available bibliography is heterogeneous and lacks information. Consequentially, further investigation needs to be carried out in order as to establish standardized prenatal screening of cannabis during pregnancy to draw more comparable and precise conclusions.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Completed suicide and gender equality: Sex and age specific five-year data from Turkey
Authors: Karaman İ.G. Yılmaz
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Suicide is a public health problem which has biopsychosocial aspects. These three compartments function differently for women and men in terms of biology and gender inequality.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate completed suicide rates in Turkey for women and men seperately considering age ranges for each, and their relationship with gender equality.

Methods

Sex and age specific data between 2015-2019 was derived from Turkish Statistical Institute. Utilizing Bağdatlı Kalkan’s study (2018) and Turkey’s Gender Equality Ratings (2019), 81 cities were seperated into two clusters (Table 1). Mann Whitney U and Independent Samples T Test were applied.

Results

Young women’s (<30 years old) crude completed suicide rates were higher, when crude completed suicide rates for men over the age of 30 were fewer in the cities which equality index is low (Table 2). Regardless of age ranges, in better gender equality cluster, female suicide rates were fewer, male suicide rates were higher. The number of deaths by suicide in 1000 deaths didn’t differ for men, while the rate decreases for women in better gender equality cluster (Table 3).

Conclusions

Gender inequality may negatively effect young women’s mental health in more patriarchal cities in Turkey from the point of completed suicide.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics during pregnancy: An update
Authors: Paraschakis A. , Papasaika M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are related to proven compliance to treatment and more constant medication levels (hence the apparent lower side-effect burden).

Objectives

To highlight the experience with LAI antipsychotic treatment during pregnancy.

Methods

Literature review.

Results

Seven cases are reported. A 35year old with schizophrenia received zuclopenthixole LAI (mostly 200mg/monthly) during both her pregnancies (of healthy girls born at weeks 39 and 40). A 35year old with schizophrenia was under risperidone LAI (25mg/2 weeks) and gave birth to a healthy girl at week 37. Another 35year old (probably with schizophrenia) was on olanzapine LAI (300mg/month during the last quarter of her pregnancy) that led to the birth of a healthy girl at week 40. A 37year old with schizophrenia received paliperidone LAI (100mg/monthly, last injection at week 28) and gave birth to a healthy boy at week 39. Paliperidone LAI (50mg/monthly) was the treatment of another 34year old with schizoaffective disorder that gave birth to a healthy boy at week 40, as well as of a 26year old (263mg/3-monthly), mother of a healthy boy as well (born at an unspecified week of pregnancy). Finally, a 43year old with bipolar disorder was on aripiprazole LAI (300mg/monthly) during her pregnancy that led to the birth of a healthy girl at week 40.

Conclusions

All pregnant women on LAI antipsychotic treatment gave birth to (apparently) healthy babies. LAI doses were mostly low. Long-term follow-up could clarify eventual delayed aftereffects. Based on the literature, LAI antipsychotic treatment could be considered as an option for selected pregnant patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Research in mental health during the pandemic
Authors: Gaughran F.
Published: February 2022

Abstract Body

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic sparked sudden change in all spheres of life, not least health services. Across Europe clinical research had to adapt. The virus peaked in different places at different times, with London’s first wave in March-May. The National Institute for Health Research paused all face to face research at NHS and social care sites except for nationally prioritised Urgent Public Health (UHP) Covid-19 studies. The first UPH studies focused on acute Covid-19, largely in physical health settings. Research leaders quickly highlighted the need for high quality research data on the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of the general population, as well as the mental health and neuropsychiatric effects of the virus itself, to allow for the development and evaluation of mitigation strategies. The major UK research funders have resourced this. Once the first wave abated, paused research was restarted according to national prioritisation guidance. In Maudsley we worked closely with research teams to develop strategies to make our research programmes as Covid-19 adaptive as possible, maximising remote interaction with research participants, with robust infection prevention procedures if face to face meetings were necessary. Examples of innovative strategies will be shared. In January 2021 with the more transmissible variant of SARS CoV2, face to face research paused again, except where risk was outweighed by patient benefit in continuing. As patients benefit hugely from research and innovation and have better outcomes if treated in ‘research-active’ hospitals, maintaining access to research opportunities without increasing risk of contracting Covid-19 will be key in coming months.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Disgust and anxiety: What came first, the chicken or the egg?
Authors: Innocenti M. , Santarelli G. , Gironi V. , Faggi V. , Angeletti L. Lucherini , Giaquinta N. , Ricca V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Disgust is a basic emotion characterized by the feeling of revulsion and evoked by unpleasant stimuli such as contaminated food, poor hygiene and contact with sick or dead organisms. Disgust is a contributing factor to the development of several mental disorders including anxiety disorders (AD). Several studies have tried to explore the relationship between disgust and eating disorders (ED), with heterogeneous findings. Subjects with ED showed a heightened level of disgust sensitivity (DS) when compared with healthy controls (HC).

Objectives

Our study aims to evaluate levels of disgust and anxiety in ED, AD and HC in order to assess associations between these two emotions.

Methods

We enrolled 74 patients admitted to Psychiatric Unit of Careggi, 41 with diagnosis of Eating Disorder, 33 with Anxiety Disorders, and 40 healthy controls. We administered to all groups: Zung Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) and Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-revised (DPSS-r).

Results

Both patients with anxiety disorders and eating disorders showed higher levels of disgust propensity and sensitivity than healthy controls. Moreover, there was no significant differences in anxiety, Disgust Propensity (DP) and Disgust Sensitivity levels between patients with eating disorders and anxiety disorders. Among healthy controls there was a significant association between DS and Anxiety levels (B: 0.579, T:3,416 p:0,001).

Conclusions

Anxiety and disgust are typical emotions of anxiety disorders and eating disorders. However, they are increased both in anxiety and eating disorders and they are associated in healthy controls. The nature of this association needs to be deeply investigated.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Lithium treatment and estimate glomerular filtration rate in bipolar disorder patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fernandes S. , Cerqueira-Silva T. , Pinto A. , Miranda-Scippa Â.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Lithium has been the mainstay therapy for bipolar disorder (BD) for decades, but there is little consensus regarding its possible effects on kidney function and the rate of change in estimated glomerular flow rate (eGFR) over time.

Objectives

To describe patients with BD regarding their renal function and their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics potentially related to eGFR.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study with an initial sample of 95 patients with BD. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the association of lithium serum levels and their duration of treatment with eGFR, independent of confounding factors. We excluded patients without data regarding any of the variables from the final model.

Results

In the multivariable analysis, the model was composed of eight variables (Figure 1). The mean duration of treatment was 10 years (Figure 2). Serum lithium level was associated with low levels of eGFR (β = -18.06 [-34.70 - -1.42], p = 0.03); among the other variables, only age remained associated with it (β = -0.72 (-1.10 - -0.33), p = <0.01).

Note: *P<0.05

Conclusions

We replicated the correlation between serum lithium levels and eGFR. Our results contradict the claim that duration of treatment with lithium correlates with lower levels of eGFR, while suggesting serum lithium level could be a possible early marker of lithium nephrotoxicity.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychiatric hospital utilisation following lithium discontinuation in patients with bipolar I or II disorder: A mirror-image study based on the lisie retrospective cohort
Authors: Öhlund L. , Ott M. , Bergqvist M. , Oja S. , Lundqvist R. , Sandlund M. , Renberg E. Salander , Werneke U.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Evidence for lithium as a maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder type II remains limited since most treatment-prevention studies focus on bipolar disorder type I or do not distinguish between types of bipolar disorder.

Objectives

To compare the impact of lithium discontinuation on hospital utilisation in patients with bipolar disorder type I or schizoaffective disorder and patients with bipolar disorder type II or other bipolar disorder.

Methods

Mirror-image study, examining hospital utilisation within two years before and after lithium discontinuation as part of LiSIE, a retrospective cohort study into effects and side-effects of lithium for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder as compared to other mood stabilisers.

Results

For the whole sample, the number of admissions increased from 86 to 185 admissions after lithium discontinuation, with the mean number of admissions/patient/review period doubling from 0.44 to 0.95 (p < 0.001). The number of bed days increased from 2218 to 4240, with the mean number of bed days/patient/review period doubling from 11 to 22 (p = 0.025). This increase in admissions and bed days was exclusively attributable to patients with bipolar disorder type I or schizoaffective disorder.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that due to a higher relapse risk in patients with bipolar disorder type I or schizoaffective disorder there is a need to apply a higher threshold for discontinuing lithium than for patients with bipolar disorder type II or other bipolar disorder.

Disclosure

Michael Ott has been a scientific advisory board member of Astra Zeneca Sweden, Ursula Werneke has received funding for educational activities on behalf of Norrbotten Region (Masterclass Psychiatry Programme 2014–2018 and EAPM 2016, Luleå, Sweden): Astra
Predicting functional outcome in bipolar patients: Effects of cognitive psychoeducational group therapy after 12 months
Authors: Sachs G. , Erfurth A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Cognitive impairment is known as a core feature in bipolar patients. Persisting neurocognitive impairment has been associated with low psychosocial functioning.

Objectives

The goal of this work was to identify clinical and cognitive predictors for functional impairment, symptom severity and early recurrence in bipolar disorder, as well as to compare the neurocognitive performance of bipolar patients with that of healthy probands.

Methods

43 remitted bipolar patients and 40 healthy controls were compared using a neurocognitive battery testing specifically attention, memory, verbal fluency and executive functions. In a randomized controlled trial, the 43 remitted patients were assigned to two treatment conditions as add-on to state-of-the-art pharmacotherapy: cognitive psychoeducational group therapy over 14 weeks or treatment-as-usual. At 12 months after therapy, functional impairment and severity of symptoms were assessed.

Results

As compared to healthy probands, bipolar patients showed lower performance in executive function (perseverative errors p<0.01, categories correct p<0.001), sustained attention (total hits p<0.001), verbal learning (delayed recall p<0.001) and verbal fluency (pwords p<0.002). Cognitive psychoeducational group therapy and attention predicted occupational functioning with a hit ratio of 87.5%. Verbal memory recall was found to be a predictor for symptom severity (hit ratio 86.8%). Recurrence in the follow-up period was predicted by premorbid IQ and by years of education (hit ratio 77.8%).

Conclusions

Our data show that bipolar patients benefit from cognitive psychoeducational group therapy in the domain of occupational life. Reductions in sustained attention have an impact on occupational impairment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Personal autonomy and hopelessness are associated with antidepressant drugs prescription in currently euthymic bipolar patients
Authors: Serafini G. , Vazquez G. , Aguglia A. , Amerio A. , Pompili M. , Amore M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The patterns and clinical correlates related to antidepressant drugs (ADs) prescription for BD remain poorly understood.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare socio-demographic and clinical features of BD patients treated vs. not treated with ADs.

Methods

The sample consists of 287 currently euthymic bipolar patients. Among participants (mean age=51.9±15.02), 157 (40.1%) were receiving ADs.

Results

Based on the main findings, subjects given ADs were older and more frequently retired than those without receiving ADs. Moreover, patients given ADs were more likely to have had a first major depressive episode and present with psychotic symptoms at illness onset. Lifetime substance abuse/dependence history was less frequently reported among patients given ADs. Furthermore, ADs given patients have a higher number of affective episodes, and longer duration of their illness. Additionally, subjects treated with ADs reported higher hopelessness levels, and lower positive reinterpretations than those who were not treated with ADs. Factors associated with ADs-use by multivariate modeling were reduced personal autonomy (OR=.070), and hopelessness levels (OR=1.391).

Conclusions

These results may help clinicians to better understand the clinical correlates of BD subtypes and improve their differential management. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings, and facilitate the differential trajectories of BD patients based on socio-demographic/clinical profile.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Cognitive function and metabolic syndrome in unipolar and bipolar depression: A pilot study
Authors: Jannini T. , Longo L. , Marasco F. , Civita M. Di , Niolu C. , Siracusano A. , Lorenzo G. Di
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Cognitive function is impaired in depressive disorders. Among several factors implicated in regulation of the cognitive function, metabolic syndrome has been showed have a pivotal role cognitive functioning in healthy controls. However, the role of metabolic syndrome in regulating the cognitive functioning of subjects affected by depressive disorders is little studied.

Objectives

To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome in regulation of cognition in unipolar and bipolar depression.

Methods

One-hundred-sixty-five people affected by a depressive disorder (unipolar depression, UP; bipolar depression, BP) were enrolled at the Psychiatric and Clinic Psychology Unit of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. A group of healthy controls (HC) matched for agender and age was enrolled. The cognitive functions were evaluated with a computerized tool, THINC-it.

Results

UP and BP had lower performances in THINC-it cognitive domains than HC. Metabolic syndrome is a negative, independent predictor of low performance in the THINC-it cognitive domains of people with depressive disorders.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm that metabolic syndrome has a prominent role in determining the cognitive efficiency in depressive disorders, independently by the presence of a unipolar or bipolar depressive disorder. Metabolic syndrome has to be considered a major factor that should be considered in the treatment strategies of cognitive functioning improvement of people affected by depressive disorders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the adolescent offspring of mothers with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Findings from the raine study
Authors: Ayano G. , Betts K. , Tait R. , Dachew B. , Lin A. , Alati R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

While there exist some studies that explored the association between maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early and late childhood, studies exploring the risk in late adolescence are however lacking.

Objectives

This is the first study that aimed to investigate the association between maternal anxiety, depressive, as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms, and the risk of ADHD symptoms in late adolescence.

Methods

We used data from the Raine Study, a birth cohort in Western Australia. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to assess maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms when the child was aged 10. Whereas, the DSM-oriented scales of the child behavior checklist (CBCL) was used to assess ADHD symptoms offspring in adolescents aged 17. Log-binomial regression model was used to explore the associations.

Results

After adjusting for relevant covariates, we found an increased risk of ADHD symptoms in the adolescent children of mothers with anxiety [RR 2.84 (95%CI 1.18-6.83)] as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms [RR 5.60 (95%CI 3.02-10.37)]. No association was seen with maternal depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

This study suggested that adolescent offspring of mothers with anxiety as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms had an increased risk of ADHD symptoms. Early detection and management for ADHD symptoms in children of mothers with anxiety and comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms are needed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Association between adult adhd and generalised joint hypermobility, with and without systemic manifestations: A case-control study
Authors: Glans M. , Bejerot S. , Humble M. , Elwin M. , Thelin N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There is growing evidence that generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) is associated with several psychiatric conditions. There are no previous studies on adult ADHD.

Objectives

To evaluate, in a large Swedish sample, if generalised joint hypermobility and adult ADHD are associated.

Methods

431 adults with ADHD and 417 controls were included. GJH was assessed by the Beighton Score, a physical examination, and the 5PQ, a self-report screening tool. Exploratively, reported musculoskeletal symptoms and abnormal skin manifestations suggestive of symptomatic GJH (e.g. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), were assessed to differentiate this group from the general GJH group. Logistic regressions determined the influence of an ADHD diagnosis and known covariates (age, sex and ethnicity) on GJH and symptomatic GJH respectively.

Results

ADHD was associated to GJH, as defined by the Beighton Score and the 5PQ, with adjusted odds ratios of 4.65 (CI 95% 3.01-7.18, p<.005) and 1.86 (CI 95% 1.39-2.48, p<.005), respectively. Likewise, ADHD and symptomatic GJH were associated with adjusted odds ratios of 6.94 (CI 95% 4.05-11.89, p<.005) and 2.66 (CI 95% 1.94-3.66, p<.005).

Conclusions

GJH and adult ADHD are associated conditions. Symptomatic GJH, defined as additional symptoms of pain and/or skin manifestations, has a considerably stronger link to adult ADHD than unspecific GJH has. GJH may represent a marker of an underlying systemic disorder with physical manifestations in connective tissue as well as behavioural manifestations including hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentiveness. Future studies should investigate if this represents a novel subtype of ADHD and if symptomatic GJH affects the ADHD management.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Substance-specific variability of ADHD symptoms in riga psychiatry and addiction medicine centre treatment-seeking substance use disorder outpatient population
Authors: Ennītis M. , Laizāne M. , Bezborodovs N. , Landsmane I. , Skaida S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Studies show a link between attention deficit disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUD). Patients may abuse illicit drugs or alcohol as means of self-medicating e.g. stimulants for ADHD symptoms. Identifying ADHD symptoms in SUD patients could help improve treatment outcome and quality of life.

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in Riga Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Centre (RPNC) outpatients and study the link between ADHD symptoms and specific SUDs.

Methods

In a period of 30 days, all consentient clients of RPNC outpatient addiction clinic were surveyed for basic sociodemographic data and screened with Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRSv1.1). Results were compared among patients with different types of addictions previously diagnosed using ICD-10 classification. Results were also compared to a control group.

Results

Out of 279 participants, 209 were treatment-seeking SUD patients, 70 controls. Mean age was 37.99, 77.8% were male. Among SUD patients 45,2% had alcohol UD(F10), 52.9% opiate UD(F11), 35.1% stimulant UD(F14;f15), 20.2% sedative UD(F13). Patients who had stimulant addiction as one of their diagnosis and patients with multiple addictions were significantly more likely (p=0.023 and p=0.012 respectively) to screen positive for ASRSv1.1 among SUD patients population. All types of SUDs were significantly more likely to screen positive for ASRSv1.1 when compared to a control group.

Conclusions

There is a strong link between SUD and ADHD symptoms. Patients with stimulant or multiple SUDs are more likely to screen positive for ADHD symptoms than other SUD patients. It is important to identify ADHD symptoms in treatment-seeking SUD patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Evaluation of depression and anxiety control in greek patients with major depressive disorder with/without generalized anxiety disorder and cardiovascular disease–pronoi study
Authors: Papanastasiou P. , Gourzis P. , Nimatoudis I. , Ginis A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Patients with depression are likely to eventually develop Cardiovascular disease(CVD) and have a higher mortality rate than general population. In addition, anxiety disorders, especially Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), may be associated with mortality and other adverse cardiac outcomes.

Objectives

Evaluation of depression and anxiety control in Greek patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with/without GAD and CVD, under 6 months of treatment with citalopram, and/or quetiapine, and/or pregabalin.

Methods

565 patients with MDD with/without GAD, enrolled in this observational, study (NCT03317262). The subgroup of 133(24%) patients had CVD. Severity of MDD and GAD symptoms was evaluated using the HAM-D and HAM-A Scores at baseline (V1) and after 6 months (V3) respectively.

Results

Mean HAM-D score in patients with CVD without GAD, at V1 and V3 was 23.94±7.51 and 8.14±4.65 respectively (p<0.0001). Similar results were observed in patients without CVD without GAD (HAM-D score 26.67±8.79 at V1 and 7.44±4.40 at V3). Mean HAM-A score in patients with CVD and GAD at V1 and V3 was 25.64±6.38 and 8.98±3.93, respectively (p<0.0001). Same magnitude reduction in HAM-A score was observed in patients without CVD and GAD, 26.27±8.16 at V1 and 9.28±6.48 at V3 (p<0.0001). Patients’ depression symptoms with/without CVD and GAD showed also a significant reduction between V1 and V3.

Conclusions

MDD patients with CVD without GAD, had a marginally lower baseline HAM-D score versus patients with GAD. After 6 months of treatment with citalopram, and/or quetiapine, and/or pregabalin the improvement of depressive and anxiety symptoms was almost equal between MDD patients with/without GAD regardless of the presence of coexisting CVD.

Disclosure

Employee of ELPEN Pharmaceutical Co. Inc.
Suicidality measured by PHQ-9 in kosovo during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Fanaj N. , Mustafa S. , Ajradini A. , Kabashaj B. , Poniku I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

As a consequence of the impact of COVID-19 there are suggestions and projections that suicide rates will rise, although this is not inevitable. It is intriguing what impact it will have on Kosovo as a country with the lowest suicide rate in Europe.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to understand the level of suicidal thinking as a result of the COVID-19 situation and possible associations with sociodemographic variables.

Methods

It’s a comparative study. We examined data of two cross-sectional online surveys conducted during the one-month periods 20.03.20 until 23.04.20 and 27.04.2020 until 05.06.2020. The participants were online respondents, N = 194 (first period) and N = 155 (second period); who completed the Albanian version of PHQ-9. We used the statement number 9 of questionnaire indicative of suicide.

Results

Mean score of suicidal thinking resulted 0.58 (SD = .98) in the first period and 0.84 (SD = 1.16) in the second period. 10.1% of participants in March/April and 18.2% in May/June period scored that almost every day thoughts that would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself in some way. Significantly higher suicidal thinking resulted for females and for respondents who had previously had depression in both periods. Compared to two previous studies (2018 and 2019) in different settings only the results of the second period show an increase in suicidal thinking.

Conclusions

Further studies are needed to better scientifically elaborate these findings. It is important enhanced surveillance of COVID-19-related risk factors contributing to suicidal behaviors and timely preventive efforts.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Rapid development of a decision-aid for people with dementia and their families during COVID-19
Authors: West E. , Kupeli N. , Moore K. , Sampson E. , Aker N. , Nair P. , Davies N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

COVID-19 as a pandemic has disproportionately affected older adults, including those with dementia. The effects on health and social care systems has necessitated a rapid-response approach to care planning and decision-making in this population, with reflexivity and responsiveness to changing individual and system needs at its core. In light of this, a decision-making tool to help families of persons with dementia was developed using a combination of qualitative data and evidence synthesis.

Objectives

To develop a decision-aid using a combination of assessment and evidence-gathering methods for families of persons with dementia.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with helpline staff from national end-of-life and supportive care organisations formed the basis of the tool design. Co-design with people living with dementia, current and former carers and experts in general practice and social care shaped the next stage. Simultaneously, a rapid review of current evidence on making decisions with older people at the end of life was undertaken.

Results

Output from interviews covered many topics, including trust, agency and confusion in making decisions in the context of COVID-19. The rapid review of existing evidence highlighted the need to consider both process and outcome elements of decision-making.

Conclusions

Combining different sources and forms of evidence was efficient and valuable in creating a novel decision-making tool for persons with dementia and their families within the context of COVID-19. The decision-aid covered care planning, caregiver support systems, access to information and contingency considerations. Upon publication, the tool was adopted by NHS England and other leading healthcare organisations.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Rapid implementation of a support intervention for bereavement at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mallet J. , Dousset F. , Colle M. , Cardot H. , Kiesmann E. , Strat Y. Le , Dubertret C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There have been over 900,000 deaths from COVID-19, with more than 3 million people bereaved. These deaths are associated with factors leading to poor bereavement outcomes, and distress in frontline-staff

Objectives

to (i)present the rapid implementation of an intervention for bereavement support; (ii)characterize first calls and follow-up.

Methods

We recruited a multidisciplinary team and prepared a structure called “SIB” (Support and Intervention for Bereavement) in a matter of days. There were three steps for the support (Screening, First-line intervention, Second-line intervention (short follow-up). We collected data screening risk factors for complicated grief (CG).

Results

Between March 24th-May 14th (lockdown, March 16th-May 13th), the hotline received nineteen calls for an intervention. The hospital contacts were various, including mortuary. Fifteen relatives were followed, among them thirteen bereaved for ten deaths (on 52 deaths=19.23%). Dead persons were young (m=59.68 years-old, SD=15.25). All contacts reported several risk factors for a CG (no “goodbye” (100%), no funeral rituals (82.35%)). Six relatives were addressed for short follow-up.

Conclusions

The actual pandemic is at high risk for complicated grief and may until 2021. We hope that all hospitals would implement basic bereavement outreach programs to prepare families for the death and to support them afterwards, as well as provide basic support to frontline staff.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Emotional response to illness in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in russia
Authors: Dovbysh D. , Kiseleva M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The situation of Covid-19 disease, associated with a high threat to life and uncertainty, had not only somatic, but also psychological consequences for most patients. Emotional reactions of patients to hospitalization and ways to cope with what is happening have become the subject of study in different countries.

Objectives

To assess the severity of signs of depression and anxiety and to study the methods used to regulate the emotional state in patients with COVID-19 at the time of hospitalization.

Methods

The study volunteered 127 hospitalized patients with Covid-19 (67 men (52.8%) and 60 women (47.2%), aged 19 to 77 years, who completed the following methods: Sociological questionnaire, Beck Depression Questionnaire, GAD-7, F-SOZU-22, CERQ, Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment scales. The study was conducted from 04/25/2020 to 05/31/2020.

Results

A quarter of patients showed pronounced signs of depression and anxiety (25.4% and 24.13%, respectively), with women having higher rates of depression (M = 8.76 and M = 6.32, p<0.01). Anova showed no significant differences in the response to the disease situation in patients of different age groups. Factor analysis made it possible to identify 3 patterns of emotional coping with the disease: «positive decision oriented», «fixed on negative experiences», «accusers» (The resulting factor solution explains 69% of the dispersion). None of the identified patterns were associated with a significant reduction in signs of depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

Despite the duration of the pandemic, there is still no specific pattern of effective coping with these experiences for patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The coronavirus pandemic in Israel: A comparison between holocaust survivors and other older adults
Authors: Cohn-Schwartz E. , Bachner Y. , Carmel S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic places older adults at increased risk for hospitalization and mortality. It also involves social isolation and negative effects of limited mental, social and physical activity. Holocaust survivors could be especially vulnerable to such effects due to their early life traumas. Previous research suggests that in times of life crises, Holocaust survivors may be both most vulnerable (i.e., wear-and-tear hypothesis); yet they may also demonstrate resilience.

Objectives

Thus, the current study examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of Holocaust survivors in Israel, compared to adults who did not experience the Holocaust.

Methods

We collected data from 305 older adults aged 75 and above in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, 114 were Holocaust survivors and 191 did not experience the Holocaust. Participants were asked about their worries of COVID-19 infections, will to live, loneliness and depression and how these changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Holocaust survivors were worried to a greater extent from COVID-19 infection and from close others becoming infected, compared to older adults who did not experience the Holocaust. Moreover, survivors reported greater loneliness and depression overall and also reported that these measures became worse during the pandemic. On the other hand, despite these differences, the two groups were similar in their will to live.

Conclusions

Holocaust survivors seem to be more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening the vulnerability hypothesis. Policy makers and practitioners should pay special attention to this particularly vulnerable population during these difficult times.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Group psychological intervention for people affected by conflict in Central African republic
Authors: Dozio E. , Bizouerne C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

A large part of the Central African population has been exposed to potentially traumatic events as a result of the recent conflict, which has led to the breakdown of social ties.

Objectives

Faced with this situation, the NGO Action contre la Faim proposed a psychosocial intervention aimed at helping the displaced people to reduce their psychological suffering and strengthen individual and community resilience.

Methods

After psychoeducation sessions organized in communities affected by the conflict, people identified with traumatic symptoms are invited to participate in a psychological support intervention. The protocol used is based on the Problem Management Plus (PM+), developed by the WHO. The approach was adapted in groups to reach more suffering people and also to take advantage of the group dynamic in the possibility of recovering and developing better resilience.

Results

946 IDPs in the country’s capital, participated in the group intervention led by a team of paraprofessionals. Data collected from 111 participants show that after five weeks of intervention, there was a significant reduction in post-traumatic symptoms (PCL-5) and functional impairment (WHODAS). These results were confirmed during the post-intervention evaluation four weeks later. In addiction, participants declared that they had observed effects on their ability to live together in the community and to regain social cohesion.

Conclusions

This experience gives encouraging results with regard to the feasibility and replicability of the group protocol, taking into account specific cultural and contextual adaptations.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.