bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemodelan Regresi Linear Berganda Pada Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta
Authors: Kurniawaty Rina , Baginda Edward Siagian
Published: September 2023

Demam Berdarah Dengue merupakan penyakit yang ditularkan dari gigitan nyamuk Aedes Aegypti. Dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir di Indonesia, kasus dan kematian tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2019. Dengan jumlah penderita Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) mencapai 138.127 dengan Case Fatality Rate (CFR) sebesar 0,67 dan  jumlah penderita DBD yang meninggal sebanyak 919 orang. DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu provinsi yang penduduknya banyak menderita penyakit DBD. Di tahun 2019 penderita DBD di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tercatat  sebanyak 648 orang. Penyakit DBD dapat disebabkan oleh faktor yang beragam. Demam Berdarah disebabkan dengan berbagai faktor, salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan dalam hal ini regresi linear berganda Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan model regresi linear berganda dan untuk mengetahui semua faktor yang mempengaruhi penyebaran DBD DKI Jakarta. Regresi linear berganda adalah Teknik statistika yang menjelaskan hubungan antara dua atau lebih variabel. Penelitian ini menggunakan variable yaitu banyaknya pasien DBD,  curah hujan, kelembapan udara, dan suhu udara. Data DBD yang digunakan berasal dari data dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta dan data cuaca diperoleh dari BPS DKI Jakarta. Hasil perhitungan diperoleh koefisien dari determinasi adalah 79% yang berarti kontribusi variabel bebas terhadap penyebaran DBD di DKI Jakarta 79%, sedangkan sisanya 21% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain.
Meta-Analisis: Pengaruh Model Problem-Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis
Authors: Haeruman Leny Dhianti , Anny Sovia  , Flavia Aurelia Hidajat
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis pengaruh model Problem- Based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Metode penelitian ini adalah meta-analisis, yaitu menganalisis penelitian-penelitian empiris yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 10 artikel penelitian pada jurnal nasional. Prosedur dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) menentukan domain penelitian yang akan dianalisis, (2) menentukan penelitian yang relevan yang terdiri atas pertimbangan diantara lain variable yang diteliti yaitu model project based learning dan/ kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis, desain penelitian dan jenis publikasi berupa artikel hasil penelitian, (3) melakuan pengkodean seperti karakteristik desain penelitian serta karakteristik referensi penelitian yang digunakan, dan (4) menghitung effect size. Perhitungan effect size menggunakan jenis meta-analisis Group Contrast dengan jenis Standardized Mean Difference dikarenakan skala nilai yang digunakan diseluruh penelitian relevan tidak cukup jelas atau berbeda- beda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model Problem-Based Learning berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Hal tersebut terlihat dari hasil perhitungan rerata effect size yang berkategori tinggi.
ДЕМЕНЦИЯ ПРИ БОЛЕЗНИ АЛЬЦГЕЙМЕРА: МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ
Authors: Наумовская Н.А. , Сокольчик В.Н.
Published: September 2023

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме современного общества – серьезным когнитивным расстройствам, возникающим в результате повреждения головного мозга, как правило, в старческом возрасте. Деменция при болезни Альцгеймера, возникающая на ее клинической стадии, рассматривается авторами преимущественно в связи с теми социальными проблемами, которые появляются как у самого пациента, страдающего названными расстройствами, так и у лиц, осуществляющих уход за ним. В статье подчеркивается негативное значение пандемии COVID-19 для раннего выявления болезни, ее лечения и сопровождения, поскольку доступ к медицинской помощи, информации и элементарным социальным контактам стал по объективным причинам практически невозможным. Затронут вопрос профилактики и сопровождения деменции при болезни Альцгеймера. Авторы исследуют возможности их улучшения в контексте совершенствования организаций здравоохранения, деятельности государственных и общественных организаций, а также личностных паттернов поведения.
ПРАВО НА ДОСТУП К МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ В ЭПОХУ COVID-19: ОТ РИГОРИЗМА ДО ДИСКУТАБЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Климович А.И.
Published: September 2023

В статье рассматривается действие правовых и этических норм, обеспечивающих доступность медицинской помощи, в ситуации пандемии COVID-19. Представлена краткая история права на доступ к медицинской помощи, показано, каким образом данное право обрело универсальный характер и стало трактоваться в качестве одного из фундаментальных прав человека. Выделяя основные современные этические модели в области медицины – этику заботы и этику справедливости – автор прослеживает их напряженный диалог в условиях пандемии, а также определяет отношение этики оказания медицинской помощи в чрезвычайных ситуациях с названными моделями. Исследование заканчивается обзором пандемической специфики в области реализации права на доступ к медицинской помощи в Республике Беларусь.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДОСТУПА К ПСИХИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ В СИТУАЦИИ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19
Authors: Кралько А.А.
Published: September 2023

В статье проводится анализ доступности к психиатрической помощи в ситуации пандемии COVID-19, основанный на данных из международных документов и открытых источников. Доступность рассматривается как свободный доступ к службам здравоохранения вне зависимости от географических, экономических, социальных, культурных, организационных или языковых барьеров. Проблема доступности к психиатрической помощи обсуждается в русле исследований, проведенных в Республике Беларусь с привлечением материала из других стран. Сделаны акценты на проблемах оказания наркологической помощи и профилактики коронавирусной инфекции у лиц с синдромом зависимости от наркотических средств. Установлено, что в условиях пандемии COVID-19 для повышения доступности и качества психиатрической помощи требуются новые подходы к организации работы психиатрических больниц и клиник, в том числе рекомендованные Всемирной организацией здравоохранения.
ВОПРОС О КИБОРГЕ
Authors: Турарбекова Л.В.
Published: September 2023

Вопрос о киборге в действительности является вопросом о человеке, его будущем и настоящем, в контексте возрастающего влияния современных технологий на биологическую и социальную природы человека. Описание некоторых антропологических и медицинских аспектов процесса киборгизации (от вживления микрочипов в органы человека до полной замены некоторых органов искусственными или даже вплоть до создания добавочных органов) сопровождается философским анализом текстов таких авторов как М.Хайдеггер, Ж.Симондон, Д.Харауэй и других, посвятивших свою рефлексию проблематике современных технологий. Техника, неизбежно сопровождающая человечество на протяжении всей истории его существования, ставит человека лицом к лицу с радикально Другим – бесчеловечной машиной. Приведет ли такое противопоставление к созданию новой киборг-этики или же к уничтожению человека и замещению его машиной – вопрос, на который пытается дать ответ автор статьи.
«НАДО БЫ К ВРАЧУ, НО КАК ПОДУМАЕШЬ – ТОСКА СПЛОШНАЯ …»: ОБ АФФЕКТИВНЫХ АТМОСФЕРАХ КАК ПРЕДМЕТЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ
Authors: Соколовский С.В.
Published: September 2023

В статье рассматриваются проблемы концептуализации и исследований аффективных атмосфер. На основе использования концепций аффективных атмосфер немецких и итальянского феноменологов Германа Шмитца, Гернота Бёме и Тонино Грифферо исследуется случай атмосфер российских медицинских учреждений. Делается вывод, что включение «атмосферного подхода» в инструментарий социальных наук в целом и антропологии, в частности, позволяет противостоять стратегиям дистанцирования, сводящим социальную реальность к набору измеряемых параметров или совокупности знаков. Современные подходы к конструированию атмосфер, реализуемые во многих прикладных областях (урбанистике, музыкальной композиции, театральном деле, живописи, маркетинге и т.д.) позволяют надеяться, что медицинские пространства смогут воспользоваться этими знаниями для трансформации собственных атмосфер в эффективное терапевтическое средство, облегчающее состояние пациентов.
ОТ ЭТНОБОТАНИКИ ДО ИСЦЕЛЕНИЯ СЛОВАМИ
Authors: Кыйва М.
Published: September 2023

В статье рассматриваются традиции собирания и исследования материалов из области этноботаники, народной медицины и вербального целительства в прошлом и настоящем. История изучения эстонской этномедицины (1880–2020 гг.) и других родственных ей областей народного знания сравнительно непродолжительна, однако за этот период был собран огромный массив материала. В статье перечисляются основоположники изучения этих дисциплин, рассматриваются их цели, методы, научные достижения. Предметом настоящего исследования являются принципы изучения этномедицины и этноботаники; в работе ставится вопрос о причинах их недостаточной изученности, формулируются новые задачи для современных исследований.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ Ф.А. ФИЕЛЬСТРУПА ПО НАРОДНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ ХАКАСОВ В АРХИВЕ ИЭА РАН
Authors: Наумова О.Б.
Published: September 2023

В статье представлены не публиковавшиеся ранее полевые материалы по народной медицине хакасов этнографа-тюрколога Ф.А. Фиельструпа, который в 1920 г. работал в Минусинском крае среди качинцев, сагайцев, бельтиров и кызыльцев. Материалы хранятся в Архиве ИЭА РАН. Они содержат описания шаманских сеансов лечения; способов лечения некоторых болезней прижиганием, обливанием, хлестанием одеждой, которые может применять как шаман или знахарь, так и обычный человек; сведения о лекарственных средствах растительного и животного происхождения; тёсях – семейно-родовых духах-покровителях, способных, по мнению хакасов, уберечь человека от тех или иных болезней; а также лингвистический материал, который может свидетельствовать о знании хакасами анатомии, местной флоры и фауны. Материалы Фиельструпа не представляют собой чего-то цельного и законченного. Их ценность – в новых деталях, которыми они дополняют накопленный к сегодняшнему дню материал по традиционным хакасским способам лечения. Исследования Фиельструпа расширяют наше понимание истории изучения народной медицины хакасов в 1920-х годах, уточняют ее периодизацию.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОММУНИКАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ И СОТРУДНИКОВ В МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ ЗАКРЫТОГО ТИПА
Authors: Ольховская Ю.А. , Орешин С.А.
Published: September 2023

Авторы статьи рассматривают научные доклады, представленные на заседании секции «Медицинская антропология в XXI веке: проблемы коммуникации пациентов и сотрудников в медицинских учреждениях закрытого типа», которая состоялась 15 ноября 2021 года в рамках ежегодной Конференции молодых ученых (КМУ) «Актуальные вопросы этнологии и антропологии», организованной ИЭА РАН. В публикации дан обзор прозвучавших докладов, рассказано об их обсуждении, перечислены наметившиеся дискуссионные темы. Обзор секции дополнен общими сведениями о КМУ, в рамках которой секция по медицинской антропологии заседала уже четвертый раз. Отмечается социальная и научная важность проблематики, с которой работают медицинские антропологи и представители смежных направлений.
ПРЕПОДАВАНИЕ ТИБЕТСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ В АГИНСКОМ МЕДИЦИНСКОМ КОЛЛЕДЖЕ И АГИНСКОЙ БУДДИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ
Authors: Бадмаева Э.Э.
Published: September 2023

В настоящее время в России возрастает интерес к тибетской медицине. Эта древняя медицинская система возникла на стыке древнеиндийской и древнекитайской медицин. В основе тибетской медицины лежит буддийская философия. В Россию тибетская медицина проникла в XVII в. вместе с буддизмом из Монголии. До революции в этнической Бурятии насчитывалось несколько манба-дацанов (медицинских школ) и много лам-лекарей. В настоящее время идет возрождение традиций тибетской медицины. В Агинском Бурятском округе в 1993 г. была открыта Агинская Буддийская Академия с факультетом тибетской медицины. Для социальной защищенности выпускников Академии ректор Бабу Лама (В.Л. Чимитдоржиев) основал Агинский медицинский колледж. Студенты колледжа изучают тибетскую медицину в рамках ФГОС среднего медицинского образования. Основное направление тибетской медицины – это профилактика заболеваний и рекомендации по здоровому образу жизни, фитотерапия местными лекарственными растениями.
Fluid flow shear stress and tissue remodeling—an orthodontic perspective: evidence synthesis and differential gene expression network analysis
Authors: Nile Mustafa , Folwaczny Matthias , Wichelhaus Andrea , Baumert Uwe , Janjic Rankovic Mila
Published: September 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to identify and analyze in vitro studies investigating the biological effect of fluid-flow shear stress (FSS) on cells found in the periodontal ligament and bone tissue.

Method: We followed the PRISMA guideline for systematic reviews. A PubMed search strategy was developed, studies were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria, and the risk of bias was assessed. Relevant data related to cell source, applied FSS, and locus-specific expression were extracted. Based on this evidence synthesis and, as an original part of this work, analysis of differential gene expression using over-representation and network-analysis was performed. Five relevant publicly available gene expression datasets were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Result: A total of 6,974 articles were identified. Titles and abstracts were screened, and 218 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Finally, 120 articles were included in this study. Sample size determination and statistical analysis related to methodological quality and the ethical statement item in reporting quality were most frequently identified as high risk of bias. The analyzed studies mostly used custom-made fluid-flow apparatuses (61.7%). FSS was most frequently applied for 0.5 h, 1 h, or 2 h, whereas FSS magnitudes ranged from 6 to 20 dyn/cm2 depending on cell type and flow profile. Fluid-flow frequencies of 1 Hz in human cells and 1 and 5 Hz in mouse cells were mostly applied. FSS upregulated genes/metabolites responsible for tissue formation (AKT1, alkaline phosphatase, BGLAP, BMP2, Ca2+, COL1A1, CTNNB1, GJA1, MAPK1/MAPK3, PDPN, RUNX2, SPP1, TNFRSF11B, VEGFA, WNT3A) and inflammation (nitric oxide, PGE-2, PGI-2, PTGS1, PTGS2). Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed and analyzed using over-representation analysis and GSEA to identify shared signaling pathways.

Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first review giving a comprehensive overview and discussion of methodological technical details regarding fluid flow application in 2D cell culture in vitro experimental conditions. Therefore, it is not only providing valuable information about cellular molecular events and their quantitative and qualitative analysis, but also confirming the reproducibility of previously published results.
Advances in the regulation of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism by exosomal ncRNAs and their role in related metabolic diseases
Authors: Liu Cong , Liu Xilin , Li Hong , Kang Zhichen
Published: September 2023

Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released following the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the cell membrane. Exosomes transport diverse molecules, including proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA, and regulate distant intercellular communication. Noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) carried by exosomes regulate cell-cell communication in tissues, including adipose tissue. This review summarizes the action mechanisms of ncRNAs carried by exosomes on adipocyte differentiation and modulation of adipogenesis by exosomal ncRNAs. This study aims to provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutics.
Unveiling drug-tolerant and persister-like cells in Leishmania braziliensis lines derived from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Jara Marlene , Arevalo Jorge , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro , Broeck Frederik Van den , Domagalska Malgorzata Anna , Dujardin Jean-Claude
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Resistance against anti-Leishmania drugs (DR) has been studied for years, giving important insights into long-term adaptations of these parasites to drugs, through genetic modifications. However, microorganisms can also survive lethal drug exposure by entering into temporary quiescence, a phenomenon called drug tolerance (DT), which is rather unexplored in Leishmania.

Methods

We studied a panel of nine Leishmania braziliensis strains highly susceptible to potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT), exposed promastigotes to lethal PAT pressure, and compared several cellular and molecular parameters distinguishing DT from DR.

Results and discussion

We demonstrated in vitro that a variable proportion of cells remained viable, showing all the criteria of DT and not of DR: i) signatures of quiescence, under drug pressure: reduced proliferation and significant decrease of rDNA transcription; ii) reversibility of the phenotype: return to low IC50 after removal of drug pressure; and iii) absence of significant genetic differences between exposed and unexposed lineages of each strain and absence of reported markers of DR. We found different levels of quiescence and DT among the different L. braziliensis strains. We provide here a new in-vitro model of drug-induced quiescence and DT in Leishmania. Research should be extended in vivo, but the current model could be further exploited to support R&D, for instance, to guide the screening of compounds to overcome the quiescence resilience of the parasite, thereby improving the therapy of leishmaniasis.
The Aswan Rheumatic heart disease reGIstry: rationale and preliminary results of the ARGI database
Authors: Kotit Susy , Yacoub Magdi H.
Published: September 2023

Background

Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains a major cause of valvular heart disease related mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, with significant variation in characteristics and course of the disease across different regions. However, despite the high disease burden, there is sparse region-specific data on demographics, disease characteristics and course in treated and untreated patients to guide policy.

Methods

The ARGI database is a hospital-based registry in a tertiary referral national centre (Aswan Heart Centre, AHC) in which all patients with the diagnosis of RHD are being included. The mode of presentation, including baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics (as well as other imaging modalities), biomarkers and genetics are being documented. Treatment modalities and adherence to treatment is being recorded and patients are followed up regularly every 6 and/or 12 months, or more frequently if needed.

Discussion

This study shows for the first time an in-depth analysis of the severity and phenotype of disease in Egyptian patients presenting with RHD as well as the progression with time and provides a platform for further comparisons of regional differences in these details as well as their causes. The ARGI database will be of help in achieving the objectives of the Cairo Accord aiming at eradication of RF and RHD.
Depositional environment variations and organic matter accumulation of the first member of the Qingshankou formation in the southern Songliao Basin, China
Authors: Ma Yan , Jinlai Feng
Published: September 2023

The organic-rich shale in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation, which is located in the southern Songliao Basin, is regarded as a high-quality source rock in East China. Geochemistry parameters were utilized to illustrate the formation and preservation conditions of the Qing1 Member in the Changling Sag, southern Songliao Basin. In the present study, from longitudinal continuity, the samples of organic geochemistry and elemental geochemistry were collected and systematically analyzed. This aims at determining the paleosalinity, paleoclimate, paleoredox conditions, and paleoproductivity and reconstructing its depositional paleoenvironment. According to total organic carbon (TOC) content, the Qing1 Member in the Changling Sag can be classified into two intervals, which are the lower part and the upper part, with high TOC content and low TOC content, respectively. It can be proved from the results of geochemical indicators that under warm and humid climatic conditions the relatively lower part was generated in the anoxic environment. Terrigenous input brought nutrients to the water body of the lake, made algae flourish, and had a relatively high paleoproductivity of the lake, which imposed a vigorous impact on the accumulation of organic matter. The upper part is mainly deposited under weakly oxidizing conditions, with gradually enhanced oxidation and reduced productivity. In contrast to the lower shale, the terrigenous inflow is relatively low. TOC content in the Qing1 Member has a positive relevance with the paleoredox conditions, as well as the paleosalinity conditions, indicating that good preservation is favorable for the accumulation of organic matter. A depositional model is proposed for the organic matter accumulation of this shale. The upper part was in a relatively hot and dry paleoclimate, with a low degree of organic matter enrichment, whereas the lower part had a warm and humid paleoclimate, with the input of terrestrial organic matter into the primary productivity of the lake basin and a high degree of organic matter enrichment.
Acupuncture as multi-targeted therapy for the multifactorial disease obesity: a complex neuro-endocrine-immune interplay
Authors: Landgraaf Raymond Guy , Bloem Michelle Nicté , Fumagalli Massimo , Benninga Marc Alexander , de Lorijn Fleur , Nieuwdorp Max
Published: September 2023

The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic dimensions. It is associated with multiple comorbidities and is becoming a clinical and public health threat. Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology and interplay of various systems. A strong interplay exists between the neuro-endocrine system, the immune system with systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, and microbiome dysbiosis that can lead to the development of obesity, which in turn can exacerbate each of these factors, hence creating a vicious cycle. The conventional treatment with lifestyle modifications such as diet, physical exercise, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery does not always result in sufficient weight control thus paving the way for other strategies. As one such strategy, acupuncture is increasingly used worldwide to treat obesity. This narrative review outlines the evidence for this neuro-endocrine-immune interplay in the pathophysiology of obesity. Furthermore, the existing experimental and clinical evidence of acupuncture as a multi-targeted therapy for obesity is explained and future research perspectives are discussed.
Optimization of the lightning warning model for distribution network lines based on multiple meteorological factor thresholds
Authors: Wan Ziyang , Fu Lixiang , Pu Ziheng , Du Zhenchuan , Chen Zhigang , Zhu Yi , Ma Xiaoxin
Published: September 2023

Lightning is one of the frequent natural disasters, which seriously affects the secure and stable operation of the power system, especially the distribution network lines with weak reliability. In order to improve the power supply reliability of the distribution network, higher requirements are put forward for the accuracy of lightning warning. Therefore, this paper establishes a lightning warning model based on comprehensive multi-meteorological factor thresholds and analyzes the meteorological factor data such as atmospheric field strength, echo intensity, echo-top height, and vertical cumulative liquid water content under thunderstorm weather. The threshold value of each factor warning is obtained, and the corresponding threshold weight is calculated by the entropy weight method. According to the weight of each threshold, the comprehensive threshold index of lightning warning is obtained, and the lightning warning is based on this index. A total of 105 lightning data from May to June 2022 in Nanchang city were analyzed as samples. The thresholds of atmospheric field strength, echo intensity, echo-top height, and vertical cumulative liquid water content were 1.2 kV/m, 40 dBZ, 8 km, and 5.2 kg·m−2, respectively. The corresponding weights of each factor were 0.4188, 0.2056, 0.2105, and 0.165, respectively. This model was used to warn a thunderstorm event in July 2022 in Nanchang area. The success rate of the model warning was 0.91, the false alarm rate (FAR) was 0.11, and the critical success index (CSI) was 0.80. Compared with the single-factor threshold lightning warning model, the warning FAR is decreased by 6%, and CSI is increased by 14% while ensuring the high warning success rate.
The potential of blockchain technology in advancing sustainable energy: a study on the mediating role of specialization in the growth of Chinese hidden champions
Authors: Zhang Chunyang , Zhu Bingyan , Liu Zeyan
Published: September 2023

Innovation is a crucial factor for hidden champions to gain a competitive edge and foster organizational growth. This study focuses on Chinese-listed hidden champion firms between 2010 and 2019 and examines the impact of innovation heterogeneity on their growth. The study explores the impact of different types of innovation, including overall innovation, product innovation, and process innovation, and their interaction effects on the growth of hidden champions. The study also investigates the mediating role of the degree of specialization, which refers to the extent to which a firm focuses on a particular area of expertise. Furthermore, the potential of blockchain technology in advancing a sustainable energy future is becoming increasingly apparent. By enabling the creation of decentralized energy markets, blockchain can facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, into the grid. This can help to reduce carbon emissions and promote the transition to a low-carbon economy. The results of the study indicate that innovation, including overall innovation, product innovation, and process innovation, is significant for hidden champions’ growth. Moreover, the study reveals that product innovation and process innovation have complementary effects on the growth of hidden champions. The degree of specialization also plays a mediating role between different types of innovation and hidden champions’ growth. The results of this study provide empirical evidence to improve the growth of hidden champions from the perspective of enterprise innovation. By focusing on different types of innovation and understanding their complementary effects, firms can develop a more comprehensive innovation strategy that can enhance their growth potential. Moreover, the mediating role of degree of specialization highlights the importance of aligning innovation efforts with a firm’s core competencies to achieve sustained growth. This study contributes to the literature on hidden champions by shedding light on their innovation strategies and their impact on firm growth.
Branding the MEGA lab; methods to improve science communication and citizen science engagement
Authors: Kapono Clifford A. , Kane Haunani H. , Burns John H. R.
Published: September 2023

The MEGA Lab uses branding and marketing techniques as a complementary form of science communication to improve citizen science. Storytelling, inclusivity, personalization, digital marketing, and collaborations are key components to brand marketing. Through branding, science projects within the MEGA Lab have increased their visibility, attracted more participants, and enhanced credibility. In addition, the MEGA Lab branding can also help citizen science projects to reach a wider audience. By promoting the MEGA Lab brand through social media, outreach events, and other channels, citizen science projects can increase inclusivity by attracting more participants who are interested in contributing to scientific research. We believe that other science research programs and citizen science projects can benefit from branding as a complementary form of science communication. By improving science communication, it is proposed that targeted citizen science projects can improve their visibility, credibility, and impact. This can lead to more effective and valuable contributions to scientific research, as well as a greater understanding and appreciation of science among the general public.
Climate and energy targets under Europe 2020 strategy and their fulfillment by member states
Authors: Gontkovičová Barbora , Duľová Spišáková Emília
Published: September 2023

European member states have taken several systematic steps on the way to become low-carbon and resource-efficient economies since the adoption of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The long-term targets in the field of climate and energy challenges is currently being continued and developed through the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. In order to assess the current situation and progress in the given area, it is necessary to consistently analyze the results that the member states have achieved during the validity of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Therefore, the aim of the article is to analyze and assess the degree of fulfilment of Europe 2020 targets by EU member states in the field of the environment with a subsequent link to the targets of the 2030 Agenda. We compared the values of the selected indicators (Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption (RER), Final energy consumption (FEC), Primary energy consumption (PEC) and Net greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the EU Member States with the national goals of the selected countries by application of multivariate comparison methods, namely, the ranking method, the scoring method and the distance method. Among the countries that achieved the best results in the evaluation were Greece, Romania and Estonia. On the other hand, in the sample of countries, there were four, namely, France, Ireland, Austria and Belgium, which did not meet the targets and based on the prediction, they will not achieve them even by 2025.
Spatial−temporal variation of ecological environment quality and driving factors from 2000 to 2020 in Wuliangsu Lake Basin, Northern China
Authors: Li Caixia , Chai Guoqi , Li Zhiyuan , Jia Xiang , Lei Lingting , Chen Long , Li Yunfan , Cao Yunfeng , Zhu Ruoning , Mei Xiaoli , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: September 2023

Due to global climate change and the intensification of human activities, the ecological function of Wuliangsu Lake Basin has been seriously degraded. Obtaining accurate spatial–temporal dynamics of regional ecological environment quality is essential for the evaluation of ecological management and restoration effects. This study assessed the trend changes and drivers of the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) in the Wuliangsu Lake Basin from 2000−2020. Firstly, the trend analysis method and hurst index were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of RSEI. Then the main factors of RSEI variation were analyzed using meteorological data, integrated nighttime lighting data, and population density data. Overall, the RSEI shows an increasing trend from the west to the east with a rate of 0.0034 year−1 over the last 21 years. The area change of RSEI was 54.22%, 63.80% and 52.43% for 2000−2006, 2007−2013 and 2014−2020, respectively, which indicates that most areas have a stable ecological environment. However, the overall Future Improvement Trend (FIT) area of RSEI is 42.21%, mainly in Dengkou area, Urad Qianqi and central area. This indicates that the RSEI remains stable locally and shows an overall improving trend. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the areas influenced by meteorological and human factors were highly coincident, mainly in Dengkou and northern Linhe areas and Urad Qianqi. Considering the lagging effect of ecological engineering, the sustainable development status of RSEI in the western and eastern regions will maintain an improving trend in the future. Our study confirms the complex relationship between RSEI and meteorological and human activities, which is crucial for the scientific management of watershed ecosystems under the influence of anthropogenic factors.
Exome sequencing identified novel variants in three Chinese patients with 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase deficiency
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Zhu Jing , Fang Liwei , Zou Zhuo , Yuan Jingjing , Peng Min , Yu Guoliang , Wu De , Liu Yun , Tang Jiulai
Published: September 2023

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS) deficiency is a folate metabolism disorder known as a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder (MIM: #618367). With central nervous system involvements, it is mainly characterized by developmental delay, epilepsy, microcephaly, hypertonia, and cranial nerves involvement. Here, we report three new cases with MTHFS deficiency from two non-consanguineous Chinese families. All patients showed white matter dysplasia and global developmental delay, of which only patient 1 and 2 manifested tonic-clonic seizures. Moreover, patient 2 had severe eczema and patient 3 had recurrent diarrhea. Both phenotypic features are firstly found in MTHFS deficiency. Trio whole-exome sequencing and sanger sequencing were used to identify four novel variants, p.Y169Tfs*17, p.S53F, c.117+1delG, and p.E61G in the MTHFS gene. The identification of four novel pathogenic variants and varied clinical features in three affected patients expands the genotype and phenotype spectrum of MTHFS deficiency. We also reviewed all cases of MTHFS deficiency that had previously been reported. The experience of diagnosis and treatment from these cases provides us a more comprehensive understanding of this rare disease.
Phenotype reversion as “natural gene therapy” in Fanconi anemia by a gene conversion event
Authors: Persico Ilaria , Fiscarelli Ilaria , Pelle Alessandra , Faleschini Michela , Pasini Barbara , Savoia Anna , Bottega Roberta
Published: September 2023

Somatic mosaicism appears as a recurrent phenomenon among patients suffering from Fanconi anemia (FA), but its direct prognostic significance mostly remains an open question. The clinical picture of FA mosaic subjects could indeed vary from just mild features to severe hematologic failure. Here, we illustrate the case of a proband whose FA familiarity, modest signs (absence of hematological anomalies and fertility issues), and chromosome fragility test transition to negative overtime were suggestive of somatic mosaicism. In line with this hypothesis, genetic testing on patient’s peripheral blood and buccal swab reported the presence of the only FANCA paternal variant (FANCA:c.2638C>T, p. Arg880*) and of both parental alleles (the additional FANCA:c.3164G>A, p. Arg1055Gln), respectively. Moreover, the SNP analysis performed on the same biological specimens allowed us to attribute the proband’s mosaicism status to a possible gene conversion mechanism. Our case clearly depicts the positive association between somatic mosaicism and the proband's favorable clinical course due to the occurrence of the reversion event at the hematopoietic stem cell level. Since this condition concerns only a limited subgroup of FA individuals, the accurate evaluation of the origin and extent of clonality would be key to steer clinicians toward the most appropriate therapeutic decision for their FA mosaic patients.
Utilization of preconception care and associated factors among pregnant mothers in Fiche Town, Central Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study 2021
Authors: Fetena Negash , Negash Abraham , Kebede Alemi , Sertsu Addisu , Nega Addisu , Nigussie Kabtamu , Lami Magarsa , Yadeta Elias , Dereje Jerman , Tamire Aklilu , Tolessa Fikadu , Tadele Afework
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Preconception care is an important preventive intervention for adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is recognized as a strategy to optimize women's health and pregnancy outcomes in Western countries. However, preconception care is underutilized in sub-Saharan Africa, like Ethiopia, where maternal mortality is high. Evidence is scarce in the study area about the prevalence and factors associated with preconception care utilization. Therefore this study aimed to assess the proportion of preconception care utilization and associated factors among pregnant mothers in Fiche town, central Ethiopia, 2021.

Method

A community-based cross-sectional study was done from May 10 to June 25, 2021. A systematic random sample technique was used to choose 393 pregnant women for the study. A structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS version 25 for analysis. A Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to check for the association. Odds ratio along with 95% was used to describe the association. Finally, a significant association was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.

Results

388 respondents participated in this study, making the response rate 98.7%. Of total study participants only 84 (21.6%; 95% CI, 18, 25.8) utilized preconception care. The study found that diploma or higher level of education (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.27, 9.53), psychological and financial support from a partner (AOR = 3.86, 95% CI: 2.1, 7.10), joint discussion and plan with a partner (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.55, 7.13), history of chronic disease (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.67, 7.25), and good knowledge about preconception care (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.38) were significantly associated with preconception care utilization.

Conclusions

Overall, less than a quarter of the pregnant mothers utilized preconception care, indicating that awareness is very low. Pregnant mothers who have a higher educational level, have good communication and support from their partners, have chronic health problems, and have good knowledge about preconception care were more likely to utilize the service. Preconception care is a better opportunity to intervene and maintain the mother in the continuum of care.
Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with single-agent chemotherapy as second- or later-line therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Dongna , Li Lin , Wang Mingzhao , Hu Xingsheng , Jiang Jun , Li Weihua , Yang Lin , Fan Meng , Shi Yuankai , Lv Fang , Liu Yutao
Published: September 2023

Objective

This study sought to assess the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with single-agent chemotherapy as a second- or later-line setting for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to provide clinical evidence for this treatment regimen. The predictive value of extracellular vesicle (EV) membrane proteins was explored in patients who underwent this treatment.

Methods

Clinical data from patients diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC who received immunotherapy plus single-agent chemotherapy as a second- or later-line setting were retrospectively collected between March 2019 and January 2022. A total of 30 patients met the inclusion criteria, and all were pathologically confirmed to have NSCLC. Short-term efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS), EV markers for response prediction, and adverse events were assessed.

Results

Efficacy data were available for all 30 patients and included a partial response in 5 patients, stable disease in 18 patients, and disease progression in 7 patients. The objective response rate was 16.7%, the disease control rate was 76.7%, and the median PFS was 3.2 months. Univariate analysis showed that PFS was not associated with sex, age, smoking status, treatment lines, prior use of immunotherapy, or prior use of antiangiogenic drugs. The EV membrane proteins MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (c-MET), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) at baseline were associated with poor prognosis and correlated with the efficacy of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. According to the receiver operating characteristics and Kaplan–Meier curve analyses, patients with high c-MET, EGFR, and VEGFR2 expression at baseline had significantly shorter PFS than those with low expression. In addition, VEGFR2 expression was increased after combined immunotherapy in responders, which was decreased in non-responders. The most common grade 2 or higher adverse events were neutropenia, gastrointestinal reactions, and thyroid dysfunction, all of which were tolerated.

Conclusions

Immunotherapy plus single-agent chemotherapy as a second- or later-line treatment is safe, effective, and tolerable for metastatic NSCLC. EV markers can be used as predictive markers of efficacy in patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with immunotherapy plus chemotherapy to help monitor treatment efficacy and guide treatment decisions.
Shared bias in H chain V-J pairing in naive and memory B cells
Authors: Levi Reut , Dvorkin Shirit , Louzoun Yoram
Published: September 2023

Introduction

H chain rearrangement in B cells is a two-step process where first DH binds JH, and only then VH is joined to the complex. As such, there is no direct rearrangement between VH and JH.

Results

Nevertheless, we here show that the VHJH combinations frequency in humans deviates from the one expected based on each gene usage frequency. This bias is observed mainly in functional rearrangements, and much less in out-of-frame rearrangements. The bias cannot be explained by preferred binding for DH genes or a preferred reading frame. Preferred VH
JH combinations are shared between donors.

Discussion

These results suggest a common structural mechanism for these biases. Through development, thepreferred VH
JH combinations evolve during peripheral selection to become stronger, but less shared. We propose that peripheral Heavy chain VH
JH usage is initially shaped by a structural selection before the naive B cellstate, followed by pathogen-induced selection for host specific VH-JH pairs.
A non-replicative antibiotic resistance-free DNA vaccine delivered by the intranasal route protects against canine leishmaniasis
Authors: Alonso Ana , Alcolea Pedro José , Larraga Jaime , Peris María Paz , Esteban Adriana , Cortés Alberto , Ruiz-García Silvia , Castillo Juan Antonio , Larraga Vicente
Published: September 2023

Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL). The disease is endemic in Central and South America, Central and South East Asia, and the Mediterranean basin. Dogs are the main reservoir, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 2.5 million dogs in Southern Europe. Current treatments cause side effects, disease recurrence, and drug resistance. Therefore, the development of vaccines against canine leishmaniasis is necessary. We have generated a DNA vaccine based on the non-replicative antibiotic resistance marker-free plasmid vector pPAL that contains the encoding gene for the L. infantum activated protein kinase C receptor analog (LACK). Homologous pPAL-LACK prime-boost intranasal administration confers efficacious protection in Beagle dogs with a reduction of clinical signs and a statistically significant reduction of the parasite burden in the bone marrow of more than 90% of dogs after experimental infection with highly infective promastigotes. This DNA vaccine elicits a robust cellular immune response skewed towards the Th1 profile.
Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic signature of lung alveolar macrophages reveals the integrin CD11b as a regulatory hub during pneumococcal pneumonia infection
Authors: Zec Kristina , Thiebes Stephanie , Bottek Jenny , Siemes Devon , Spangenberg Philippa , Trieu Duc Viet , Kirstein Nils , Subramaniam Nirojah , Christ Robin , Klein Diana , Jendrossek Verena , Loose Maria , Wagenlehner Florian , Jablonska Jadwiga , Bracht Thilo , Sitek Barbara , Budeus Bettina , Klein-Hitpass Ludger , Theegarten Dirk , Shevchuk Olga , Engel Daniel R.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the main causes of community-acquired infections in the lung alveoli in children and the elderly. Alveolar macrophages (AM) patrol alveoli in homeostasis and under infectious conditions. However, the molecular adaptations of AM upon infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae are incompletely resolved.

Methods

We used a comparative transcriptomic and proteomic approach to provide novel insights into the cellular mechanism that changes the molecular signature of AM during lung infections. Using a tandem mass spectrometry approach to murine cell-sorted AM, we revealed significant proteomic changes upon lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Results

AM showed a strong neutrophil-associated proteomic signature, such as expression of CD11b, MPO, neutrophil gelatinases, and elastases, which was associated with phagocytosis of recruited neutrophils. Transcriptomic analysis indicated intrinsic expression of CD11b by AM. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling identified CD11b as the central molecular hub in AM, which influenced neutrophil recruitment, activation, and migration.

Discussion

In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the intrinsic molecular adaptations of AM upon lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and reveals profound alterations critical for effective antimicrobial immunity.
Single-cell sequencing of tumor-associated macrophages in a Drosophila model
Authors: Khalili Dilan , Mohammed Mubasher , Kunc Martin , Sindlerova Martina , Ankarklev Johan , Theopold Ulrich
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Tumor-associated macrophages may act to either limit or promote tumor growth, yet the molecular basis for either path is poorly characterized.

Methods

We use a larval Drosophila model that expresses a dominant-active version of the Ras-oncogene (RasV12) to study dysplastic growth during early tumor progression. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of macrophage-like hemocytes to characterize these cells in tumor- compared to wild-type larvae. Hemocytes included manually extracted tumor-associated- and circulating cells.

Results and discussion

We identified five distinct hemocyte clusters. In addition to RasV12 larvae, we included a tumor model where the activation of effector caspases was inhibited, mimicking an apoptosis-resistant setting. Circulating hemocytes from both tumor models differ qualitatively from control wild-type cells—they display an enrichment for genes involved in cell division, which was confirmed using proliferation assays. Split analysis of the tumor models further reveals that proliferation is strongest in the caspase-deficient setting. Similarly, depending on the tumor model, hemocytes that attach to tumors activate different sets of immune effectors—antimicrobial peptides dominate the response against the tumor alone, while caspase inhibition induces a shift toward members of proteolytic cascades. Finally, we provide evidence for transcript transfer between hemocytes and possibly other tissues. Taken together, our data support the usefulness of Drosophila to study the response against tumors at the organismic level.