bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFYING STUDENT'S CRITICAL RESPONSES TO LITERARY WORK IN LITERATURE CLASS
Authors: Riyadi Slamet , Setiawan Kristianto , Ashari Ashari
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research is to identify the responses resulted from the activity of critical reading to literary work using Critical Discourse analysis in Introduction to Literature class in the English Education Study Program, Faculty of Culture UNSOED.  The method used is qualitative method with a case study as the design. Data collection is carried out through interviews, and document studies so that the data obtained from these methods can be mutually reinforcing. Furthermore, 32 students of the Introduction to Literature course became the respondents in the study that was carried out for 8 months. The result of the study showed that there were three types of responses given by students namely - summary level 16%, -moral level 25%, -critical response level: 59%
LANGUAGE DEVIATION: BRINGING LANGUAGE FROM SCIENCE TO FASHION
Authors: Roiyasa Nisa , Ahsanu Muhamad , Azkiya Binta Nurul
Published: May 2022

The article argues that the non-literal way of thinking is the potential force in creating language creativity in lives. Besides to be brought as a means of communication, language should be delivered in a more personal and mediating for every student’s individual character, voice, culture, and background. The direction of ELT is still to the conformity to situational communicative functions. Class is considered as a place for equipping students with situational-linguistic features so they are able to fulfill the communicative demands in some particular situations (science). Language deviation can be introduced to the class for the students to be able to cloth free and personal feeling, thoughts, and aspirations (fashion). The study applied library-study approach to answer the inquiries. It suggests that Language deviation requires the user to have prior knowledge in English and to have higher level of creativity. Students can learn to play with the language by applying foregrounding. Foregrounding involves stylistic distortion of a certain language at any level of language.  In classrooms, teachers can apply lexical distortion in the form of neologism and semantic distortion to challenge students to be able to think beyond literal meaning.
PROMOTING COLLABORATIVE LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN A LARGE CLASS SIZE
Authors: UTAMI SRI , Maftukhah Ida , Tusyanah Tusyanah , Sakitri Wijang , Sri Wahyuningrum Indah Fajarini
Published: May 2022

The study examines the features of collaborative feedback among students in their writing process in the blended learning environment and finds their experiences during this collaborative learning. This study used the qualitative method. Twenty texts of the students' writing were used as the primary data. Then, this research employed an interview and an observation. Through textual analysis and survey results, I first found a similar trend of texts the students primarily focused on in giving writing feedback. There are tenses, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization. These facts mean that the students are good enough to understand the correct and incorrect features used in writing at those features. Second, during the implementation of this collaborative learning, students have the opportunity to negotiate any feedback, give and respond to any available text, and practice decision-making skills. These findings imply that first, lecturers are supposed to acknowledge the students' language skill level to create better material for them. Second, the students can be categorized as self-regulated, other-regulated, and object-regulated. The number of self-regulated and other-regulated learners is dominant compared to object-regulated ones. Understanding the type of learners is vital to developing a better approach in teaching and learning in a large class, especially for developing countries like Indonesia. The research is limited to a large class size where English is a foreign language. Hence, the method of blended learning for writing in a large class size needs to adjust to any local context. However, the challenges come from the students themselves, the classroom management, or the infrastructure available for teaching and learning. This collaborative feedback is a pedagogical breakthrough for most developing countries with many students.
STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS OF EMISSION FACTORS TO ESTIMATE FUGITIVE GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS OF A SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTER
Authors: Hérnandez-Gerónimo Guadalupe , Laines-Canepa José Ramón , Ávila-Lázaro Israel , Solís-Sílvan Rudy , Sosa-Olivier José Aurelio
Published: May 2022

Emission Factors (EF) are representative values which relate the amount of gases released into the atmosphere by the development of an activity, allowing the estimation of emission rates (e.g., in the solid waste generated). The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) requires particular EF. In this study, emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in a higher education institution (HEI) were estimated. The EFs from OFMSW were obtained based on stoichiometry calculations considering the aerobic and anaerobic decomposition processes. The monitoring of municipal solid waste (MSW) daily generation during 2017 in the HEI and the use of bibliographic EF allowed the calculation of the initial emission rate. The HEI studied has 26 sources of waste generation. It generated 31.05 t/yr of MSW, an average of 146.5 kg/d and a per capita generation of 0.07 kg/d. Eighteen by-products were identified, 13 of them recoverable. Initially, the negative emission was 7617.4 kg CO2e, attributable to 7.08 t of recoverable MSW, and the positive emission was 1178.1 kg CO2e from final disposal. The EFs obtained adjusted the negative final emission to 8153 t CO2e and the positive final emission to 651.3 kg CO2e. Proper management of the MSW generated in work or educational centers allows reducing environmental impacts, recovering raw materials and energy.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS AND LIGHT ABSORBING PARTICLES (LAPs) AT SNOW OF HUAYTAPALLANA GLACIER (PERU)
Authors: Torres Christian , Bendezú Yessica , Álvarez Daniel , Suárez-Salas Luis , Huaman de la Cruz Alex , Schmitt Carl , Fuentes Walter , Caro Eli
Published: May 2022

This study reports for the first time the content of trace elements and light-absorbing particles (LAPs) in snow samples collected from a Peruvian glacier (Huaytapallana). The sampling campaign was carried out monthly from November 2015 to March 2019. The trace elements content was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while LAPs were analyzed using the light absorption heating method. The chemical composition dataset was assessed by descriptive statistics and t-test for assessing dry season and wet season differences. In addition, enrichment factor (EF) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to identify possible emission sources. The snow, ice, and aerosol radiative (SNICAR) model was used to measure the effect of LAPs on snow albedo and radiative forcing (RF). Based on analysis of EF and HCA, it was shown that Al, Ti, Si, Co, Ce, Sr, Mn, Mg, Ba and Na have mainly natural sources; K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Pb and As have a mixture of natural and anthropogenic sources, and Zn has anthropogenic source. SNICAR model results indicated that LAPs reduced the snow albedo by up 4.5 % in the dry season with RF values as high as 33 W/m2. Therefore, we conclude that the presence of these particles substantially increases melt or sublimation rates of Peruvian glaciers.
HUELLA AMBIENTAL DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIÉSEL UTILIZANDO Jatropha curcas MEXICANA CULTIVADA EN SUELOS MARGINALES
Authors: Pérez Guadalupe , Islas-Samperio Jorge M. , Manzini Fabio , Suárez Raúl , Barahona-Pérez Luis F. , Aguillón Javier E.
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la huella ambiental que genera el proceso de producción de biodiésel utilizando un ecotipo mexicano de Jatropha curcas como materia prima. Este ecotipo tiene un potencial de producción de semillas de hasta 1021 kg/ha en suelos con baja humedad y bajo nivel nutricional. La evaluación de la huella ambiental se determinó a través de un análisis de ciclo de vida de 18 categorías de impacto de punto intermedio con el método ReCiPe Jerárquico 2016. El sistema de producción analizado está constituido por las etapas: (i) obtenciónde materia prima, (ii) extracción de aceite y (iii) producción de biodiésel. Entre los resultados más relevantes, este sistema presentó emisiones potenciales en calentamiento global de 27.56 kg CO2 eq/GJ de biodiésel y un consumo de energía de 0.527 GJ de energía fósil/GJ de biodiésel. Debido a que en la etapa de cultivo de Jatropha curcas se invierten recursos mínimos, la etapa de extracción de aceite fue la que presentó los mayores impactos potenciales en 14 de 18 categorías evaluadas, principalmente debido al consumo de electricidad utilizado en el proceso de la separación de las cáscaras de frutos y semillas de Jatropha curcas; dicho proceso tuvo una participación de 80 % de las contribuciones. El ecotipo mexicano de Jatropha curcas cultivado en suelos marginales es prometedor como materia prima para la producción de biodiésel. El sistema de producción presentó reducciones en los impactos ambientales potenciales comparado con un sistema que utiliza un cultivo de Jatropha curcas con riego y fertilizantes.
Application of Advanced Land Observing Satellite 3 (ALOS-3) Data to Land Cover and Vegetation Mapping
Authors: Sharma Ram C. , Hirayama Hidetake , Hara Keitarou
Published: May 2022

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is going to launch Advanced Land Observing Satellite 3 (ALOS-3) after 2022. ALOS-3 satellite is capable of observing global land areas with wide swath (4000 km along-track direction and 70 km cross-track direction) at high spatial resolution (panchromatic: 0.8m, multispectral: 3.2m). Maintenance and updating of land cover and vegetation information at national level is one of the major goals of the ALOS-3 mission. This paper presents the potential of simulated ALOS-3 images for the classification and mapping of land cover and vegetation types at Genus-Physiognomy-Ecosystem (GPE) level. We acquired and simulated WorldView-3 images according to the configuration of the ALOS-3 satellite sensor and the simulated ALOS-3 images were utilized for the classification and mapping of land cover and vegetation types in three sites (Hakkoda, Zao, and Shiranuka) in northern Japan. This research dealt with 17 land cover and vegetation types in Hakkoda site, 25 land cover and vegetation types in Zao site, and 12 land cover and vegetation types in Shiranuka site. Ground truth data were newly collected in three sites, and we employed eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier with the implementation of 10-fold cross-validation method for assessing the potential of ALOS-3S images. The classification accuracies obtained in Hakkoda, Zao, and Shiranuka sites in terms of f1-score were 0.810, 0.729, and 0.805 respectively. The fine scale (3.2m) land cover and vegetation maps produced in the study sites showed clear and detailed view of the distribution of plant communities. Regardless of the limited number of the temporal images, ALOS-3S images showed high potential (at least 0.729 F1-score) for the land cover and vegetation classification in all three sites. The availability of more cloud free temporal scenes is expected for improved classification and mapping in the future.
Gasification of Sugarcane Cutting Residues in the Capture of Carbon Dioxide by Simulation
Authors: Peña Sandra , Forero Carmen , Velasco Francisco , Arango Eduardo , Barreiro Jose , Castillo Marconis
Published: May 2022

The gasification of sugarcane cutting residues (RAC) is a process that occurs in a gasifier where the transformation of this raw material into a solid-state and a gasifying agent with a moderate calorific value occurs, thanks to the application of heat. And under restricted oxygen levels, we can say that there are several styles of gasifiers for air, steam, oxygen, and hydrogen, all of which have a performance that can be analyzed and categorized by their performance to avoid damage to the environment. (1) The objective of this article is based on the mathematical development using simulation of the gasification of cane cutting residues. (2) In the methodology, the simulation of the gasification and CO2 capture process was developed from the biomass residues of the sugarcane cutting residues; it was carried out as a transformation of the primary fuel into a gas stream whose main components are CO2 and H2, which can be separated relatively easily by their concentrations, available pressures and in some cases, their temperatures; (3) According to the kinetic data obtained, the second-order reaction in the transformation and improvement of the process was identified; applying to the optimization of development in the capture of CO2, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases. (4) The gasification simulation process results in a biomass conversion corresponding to 93% of its feed and the formation of volatiles whose molar fraction corresponds to 37% H2, 12% CH4, 37% CO and 12 % CO2.
Nonlinear Analysis of Beat-To-Beat Variability of Action Potential Time Series Data Identifies Dynamic Reentrant Substrates in a Hypokalaemic Mouse Model of Acquired Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Tse Gary , Zhou Jiandong , Dong Xiuming , Hao Guoliang , Lee Sharen , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Liu Tong , Du Yimei , Cheng Shuk Han , Wong Wing Tak
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have quantified repolarization variability using time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear analysis in mouse hearts. Here, we investigated the relationship between these parameters and ventricular arrhythmogenicity in a hypokalaemia model of acquired long QT syndrome. Methods: Left ventricular monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded during right ventricular regular 8 Hz pacing during normokalaemia (5.2 mM [K+]), hypokalaemia modelling LQTS (3 mM [K+]) or hypokalaemia with 0.1 mM heptanol in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. Results: During normokalaemia, mean APD was 33.5±3.7 ms. Standard deviation (SD) of APDs was 0.63±0.33 ms, coefficient of variation was 1.9±1.0% and the root mean square (RMS) of successive differences in APDs was 0.3±0.1 ms. Low- and high-frequency peaks were 0.6±0.5 and 2.3±0.7 Hz, respectively, with percentage powers of 38±22 and 61±23%. Poincaré plots of APDn+1 against APDn revealed ellipsoid morphologies with SD along the line-of-identity (SD2) to SD perpendicular to the line-of-identity (SD1) ratio of 4.6±1.1. Approximate and sample entropy were 0.49±0.12 and 0.64±0.29, respectively. Detrended fluctuation analysis revealed short- and long-term fluctuation slopes of 1.62±0.27 and 0.60±0.18, respectively. Hypokalaemia provoked ventricular tachycardia in six of seven hearts, prolonged APDs (51.2±7.9 ms), decreased SD2/SD1 ratio (3.1±1.0), increased approximate and sample entropy (0.68±0.08 and 1.02±0.33) and decreased short-term fluctuation slope (1.23 ± 0.20) (ANOVA, P<0.05). Heptanol prevented VT in all hearts studied without further altering the above repolarization parameters observed during hypokalaemia. Conclusion: Reduced SD2/SD1, increased entropy and decreased short-term fluctuation slope are associated with ventricular arrhythmogenesis in hypokalaemia. Heptanol exerts anti-arrhythmic effects without affecting repolarization variability.
Interpretation of Time-Varying Radio Emissions of SgrＡ* Observed by 1.3 Millimeter-Wavelength VLBI ---with Parameters of The Super-Massive Black Hole Binary at SgrＡ* Based on Decameter Radio Wave Pulse Observations
Authors: Oya Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

In 2011, by 1.3 mm wavelength VLBI radio wave observations of the SgrA*, Fish, V. L. et al showed that the emissions tightly related to the formation of a black hole shadow have a remarkably large time-varying feature within a region of less than 50 μas. The present paper suggests that the origin of the time variation in the observed emission is due to effects of the orbital motion of the existing super-massive black hole binary orbiting at SgrA* with a period of 2150±2.5 s. This suggestion is based on observations of decameter radio wave pulses from SgrA*. We show a good correlation between the time variation in the coherent flux density of the VLBI results and the time variation model of estimated emission intensities based on the periodic motion of the super-massive black hole binary by applying parameters deduced from the decameter radio wave pulse observation model (DRWP-Model). With further confirmation by Fourier analyses of the potential periodicity of the VLBI data that show the same periods of DRWP Model, we conclude that the time variation detected by the 1.3 mm wavelength radio wave VLBI is evidence of an existing super-massive black hole at Sgr A*.
Chain Formation during Hydrogen Loss and Reconstruction in Non-Planar Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Tanuma Yuri , Dunk Paul , Maekawa Toru , Ewels Chris
Published: May 2022

We explore the importance of curvature in carbonaceaous species transformation and stability, using laser-induced vaporisation to evaporate and ionise a source of curved polyaromatic hydrocarbons: carbon nanobelts. Collision impacts between species cause mass loss and the resultant ions are catalogued via mass-spectrometry. To interpret the mass spectra, we perform a series of “in-silico” simulated systematic hydrogen-loss studies using density functional theory (DFT) modelling, sequentially removing hydrogen atoms using thermodynamic stability as a selection for subsequent dehydrogenation. In an initial sequence of H2 removal, the rings are maintained through stable carbyne chain and pentagon-chain formation, giving rise to circular strained dehydrobenzoannulene species. The chains subsequently break, releasing CH and C2. While theoretical closed-cage routes are identified, they are not observed experimentally. The results can serve as a useful guide to high-energy impact conditions observed in some astrochemical environments.
Special Spirals are Produced by the ROTASE Galactic Spiral Equations with the Sequential Prime Numbers
Authors: Pan Hongjun
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the sequential prime numbers are used as variables for the galactic spiral equations which were developed from the ROTASE model. Special spiral patterns are produced when prime numbers are treated with the unit of radian. The special spiral patterns produced with the first 1000 prime numbers have 20 spirals arranged in two groups. The two groups have perfect central symmetry with each other and are separated with two spiral gaps. The special spiral pattern produced with natural numbers from 1 to 7919 shows 6 spirals in the central area and 44 spirals in the outer area. The whole 7919 spiral points can be plotted with either 6-spiral pattern or 44-spiral pattern. For the spirals only produced by the prime numbers in the 6-spiral pattern plotting, the spiral 2 and spiral 3 each has only one spiral point produced by prime number 2 and 3, respectively, all other spiral points produced by other prime numbers are located on the spiral 1 and spiral 5. The special spiral pattern is well explained with careful analysis, it is concluded that all prime numbers greater than 3 must meet one of the equations: P1 = 1 + 6 * n (n > 0) P5 = 5 + 6 * n (n ≥ 0) In other words, every prime number greater than 3 is either a P1 prime number or a P5 prime number, no exception. Matching one of the equations is a necessary condition for a number to be a prime number, not a sufficient condition. Hope such sufficient condition can be found in the future. The number of P1 prime numbers roughly equal the number of P5 prime number in the first 2 billion prime numbers. The galactic spiral equations with golden angle can duplicate Vogel’s result for the simulation of sunflower seed head pattern, and a pinwheel pattern can be produced also with galactic spiral equations and 1 degree more than golden angle.
Pedagogic experiences in a school contract project: the Scenic Afro-Brazilian Dance
Authors: Rocha Darlene , Almeida Felipe de
Published: May 2022

We analyze, in this article, the production of knowledge in the teaching and learning relationships with the Afro-Brazilian Scenic Dance (ABSD) created in the daily life of the after-school project of a municipal public school in Vitória/ES. The investigation takes place from field observations for master's research. We selected pedagogical experiences carried out by a teacher in Physical Education with ABSD, whose actions involve aspects that relate the figures of learning proposed by Charlot (2000) and which consist of a challenge for the area. The analyses dialogue with the relationship with knowledge in Physical Education and ethnic-racial issues. The analyzes dialogue with the relationship with knowledge in Physical Education and ethnic-racial issues, since the approach to this content consists of a cultural element influenced by African culture in Brazil. The interrelationship between the ways of learning can provide experiences and opportunities for relationships with knowledge. We consider that the experiences collaborate to face the challenge of the area of ​​interconnecting the figures of learning without discarding the specificity of the field of action in the school.
Questionnaire on teacher appreciation (Q-VD): elaboration and validation of an instrument
Authors: Moreira Deise Maíra Silveira , Mussi Ricardo Franklin De Freitas , Cardoso Berta Leni Costa
Published: May 2022

The teacher appreciation, understood from the categories training, career, remuneration and working and health conditions, as defined by the National Conference on Education (CONAE/2018), makes up the investigation of this work. Therefore, the objective of the research is to present evidence regarding the validity of the Questionnaire on Teacher Appreciation (Q-VD). For the construction and validation of the instrument, a bibliographic survey was carried out regarding research on teacher appreciation to know the demands investigated in each category, and thus build the instrument characterized as a questionnaire and named Q-VD. It is a field research with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The validation process took place in three stages in order to assess content validity in the first, clarity of language in the second and reliability in the third. All validation steps presented positive numbers, with this, the Q-VD demonstrates valid content, clarity in language and reliability in the data.
Causes and consequences of social conflicts among rural families in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Usman Sohaib
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted in three tehsils, Gujranwala, Nowshera Virkan and Wazirabad of district Gujranwala. The major objective of the study was to explore the causes and consequences of the different conflicts faced by the rural people. A total 384 respondents were chosen at random. Data were collected through face-to-face interview technique on a structured, validated and reliable interview schedule from randomly selected 384 respondents. Collected data were analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicated that, conflicts between two groups; conflicts over access to power, feeling of self-superiority, dispute over access to agricultural resources, mutual farming, disturbance in family relationship and theft of farm produce were the major causes of the conflicts as perceived by respondents. The conflicts had adverse impacts on the availability of labor, inputs, and farm assets and more importantly on adoption of innovations among farmers in particular. In result, decrease in farm production and income of farmers was more likely. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that, age, education, income level, land size and farming experience of respondents had statistically significant relationship (P
Effects of banana and sweet potato intercropped on soil physical and chemical properties
Authors: Pei Li Yan
Published: May 2022

In order to study the effect of intercropped sweet potato in banana orchard on soil physical and chemical properties, the soil nutrients, temperature, humidity and enzyme activities of sweet potato intercropped and banana monocultured were compared by using Guijiao-1 and Pushu-32 as research materials. The soil temperature of sweet potato intercropped in the 5-20cm soil layer was 0.46-4.55℃ lower than that of banana monocultures in the hot summer, but in the 10 cm and 20 cm soil layers higher with 0.37-0.97℃ than that of monocultured in October and November. The water content in 5-20cm soil layer of sweet potato intercropped was 1.42-14.55% higher than that of banana monocultured. From May to September, the activities of soil sucrase, phosphatase, catalase and urease in sweet potato intercropped were significantly higher than those in banana monocultured. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and potassium were 10.64-37.11%, 16.35-32.04%, 4.15-9.55%, 25.39-32.15%, 3.56-8.29%, 31.16-171.04% higher than those in banana monoculture. Thus, there had positively effects on improving the soil physical and chemical properties and the activity of important metabolic enzyme in banana field by sweet potato intercropped.
Summertime surface mass balance and energy balance of Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tien Shan, modeled by linking COSIMA and in-situ measured meteorological records
Authors: Li Hongliang , Wang puyu , Li Zhongqin , Jin Shuang , He Jie
Published: May 2022

To get a better overview of atmosphere-driven mass changes at Urumqi Glacier No.1, Chinese Tien Shan, the surface energy balance and mass balance is modeled by linking the COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and MAss balance model (COSIMA) with in-situ measured meteorological records for the ablation period in 2018. The COSIMA is calibrated by manual optimization and the modeled results agree well with the in-situ surface temperature, snow height and seasonal mass balance. Our results reveal that Urumqi Glacier No.1 experienced a significant mass loss, with an average value of -0.77 m w.e. over the ablation period 2018. The main components in energy balance were two radiation components, i.e. net shortwave radiation and net longwave radiation, and turbulent fluxes. Surface melt and solid precipitation were dominated components of mass balance. The COSIMA can reproduce the glaciological mass balance compared with other models. Sensitivity analysis showed that the mass balance was more sensitive to the temperature than precipitation, and mass loss caused by temperature increase of 1 K needed to be compensated by at least 40% precipitation increase. Air temperature during the ablation period was more important than annual precipitation in controlling mass balance changes on Urumqi Glacier No.1. These findings will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying mass balance processes of ablation period and their contribution to the acceleration of glacier retreat in Tien Shan.
Impact of Welding Fume Aerosols and its Assessment in a Confined Workplace by Two Extraction Patterns - A Case Study
Authors: Vellingiri Satheesh Kumar Kuppusamy , Manoharan Dharmaraj , Ponnusamy Selvakumar , Ramadass Uvanshankar Kettimuthu , Dhanabalaselvan Vishal
Published: May 2022

Welding fume exposure at work is recognised as a known concern to public health. The goal of this study is to assess the welding fumes produced during welding using two different sample methods and to compare the influence of the assessed welding fumes. A thorough assessment of domestic arc welders in the erode district of India was done to assess their exposure to welding gases. Gas Metal Arc Welding process was chosen for future investigation based on the survey results. The stainless-steel grade SS 316 L was used in this study. To weld 3mm, 5mm, and 6mm thick stainless-steel specimens, ER316 L filler wire and four shielding gas compositions were used. Two distinct cost-effective welding hoods with a square duct section and a conical duct section were constructed to examine welding gases. The produced fume was collected on a 240 mm glass fibre filter and re-weighted during welding. Gas flow rates of 5, 10 and 15 LPM were investigated, with current intensities of 150A, 200A, and 275A. According to this investigation, weld fume hoods with conical duct sections extract more welding gases than square duct sections. The extraction rate using two extraction patterns were compared. Furthermore, the addition of CO2 to any shielding gas mixture results in a higher FFR. The experimental FFR values were quite close to the AWS specifications. Nonetheless, this study adds a new dimension to the arguments over occupational safety and welder health because air pollution during welding appears to be harmful to both individuals and the environment.
Collagen fiber features and COL1A1: are they associated with elastic parameters in breast lesions and can COL1A1 predict axillary lymph node metastasis?
Authors: Jiang Ying , Wang Bo , Li Jun Kang , Li Shi Yu , Niu Rui Lan , Fu Nai Qin , Zheng Jiao Jiao , Liu Gang , Wang Zhi Li
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to explore whether collagen fiber features and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) are related to the stiffness of breast lesions and whether COL1A1 can predict axillary lymph node metastasis (LNM).Methods: A prospective analysis was performed in our hospital. A total of 94 breast lesions in 94 patients were enrolled between May 2021 to December 2021. Ultrasound (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE) examinations were performed for every lesion before surgery. Pathology results obtained by surgery were regarded as gold criteria. Sirius red staining and Immunohistochemical were used to examine the collagen ﬁbers shape and arrangement features and COL1A1 expression of included tissue samples, and analyze the correlation between SWE parameters and them. To analyze the effectiveness of COL1A1 expression level in predicting axillary LNM. Results: The optimal cutoff values for Emax, Emean, and Eratio for diagnosis of benign group and malignant group, were 58.70 kPa, 52.50 kPa, and 3.05. The optimal cutoff values for diagnosing axillary LNM were 107.5 kPa, 85.15 kPa, and 3.90, respectively. In the present study, collagen ﬁber shape and arrangement features in breast lesions were classiﬁed into three categories. For all 94 lesions, one-way ANOVA showed that Emax, Emean and Eratio were different between categories 0, 1, and 2 (all P< 0.05). The correlation coefﬁcient between Emax and collagen category was 0.318 (P< 0.001), between Emean and collagen category was 0.261 (P= 0.001). And between Eratio and collagen category was 0.349 (P < 0.001). Emax, Emean and Eratio were all positively correlated with COL1A1 expression level (r=0.406, 0.362, 0.425, respectively). COL1A1 expression level >0.145 was taken as the cut-off value, its efficacy in benign and malignant breast lesions was 0.808, with a sensitivity of 66%, and a specificity 90%. COL1A1 expression level >0.150 was taken as the cut-off value, its efficacy in predicting axillary LNM was 0.796, with a sensitivity of 96%, and a specificity 59%. Conclusions: The expression level of the collagen fiber features and COL1A1 were positively correlated with the elastic parameters of breast lesions. The expression of COL1A1 might be helpful to diagnose benign and malignant breast lesions and predict axillary LNM.
An inter-order comparison of copepod fatty acid composition and biosynthesis in response to a long-chain PUFA-deficient diet along a temperature gradient
Authors: Sahota Robyn , Boyen Jens , Semmouri Ilias , Bodé Samuel , De Troch Marleen
Published: May 2022

Copepods serve as a major link in marine food webs, bridging the energy transfer from primary producers to higher trophic levels. Oceanic warming is linked to reduced concentrations of essential fatty acids (FA) in phytoplankton, and it remains unknown if copepods have the capacity to endure. The calanoid Temora longicornis, dominant in the Belgian part of the North Sea, and the harpacticoid Platychelipus littoralis, abundant in the Paulina mudflat, Westerscheldt, Netherlands, were chosen to analyze the FA biosynthesis response to a polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) deficient diet (Dunaliella tertiolecta) along a temperature gradient. Copepods were fed D. tertiolecta labelled with the stable isotope carbon-13 (13C) to quantify carbon assimilation and de novo FA production at 11, 14, 17, 20, and 23°C. P. littoralis did not assimilate D. tertiolecta carbon readily, and consequently did not exhibit high bioconversion rates. T. longicornis displayed higher rates of de novo biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3) than P. littoralis at all temperatures, apart from DHA at 23°C. The calanoid copepod had reduced survival with warming, whereas the harpacticoid copepod exhibited higher and steady survival across the thermal gradient. Although the rate of bioconversion was not adequate to recover the absolute ω3-content to field concentrations for both species, the relative EPA content (fraction of total FA) in P. littoralis did not change between the field and the incubated samples. This suggests that P. littoralis was able to maintain the required fraction of EPA necessary for survival at higher temperatures, whereas T. longicornis could not. This study highlights P. littoralis’ short- term resilience, and quantifies the different bioconversion capabilities of both copepods exposed to environmental stressors.
Stem cambial variants of Taiwan lianas
Authors: Yang Sheng-Zehn , Chen Po-Hao , Chen Jian-Jhong
Published: May 2022

Background: Cambium in lianas, responsible for secondary growth, develop diverse and diagnostic traits during the climbing phase. Studies on the cross-section of Taiwanese liana cambial variants are scarce. We collected multiple stem cross-sections from 287 liana species belonging to 52 families. Each sample was examined on five occasions, and the observations were documented. Results: The results showed that the cambium in Taiwan lianas, with 21 variants, were diverse. Among these, axial vascular elements in radial segments were the most common, followed by the variants with the irregular conformation and intraxylary phloem. Based on our assessment, we provide the following identification features of a few families: Apocynaceae had intraxylary phloem; Convolvulaceae had intraxylary phloem combined with successive cambia; Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, and Ranunculaceae possessed axial vascular elements in segments; Piperaceae had external primary vascular bundle cylinder combined with axial vascular elements in segments; Vitaceae had axial vascular elements in segments combined with irregular conformation. Axial vascular elements in segments and intraxylary phloem appeared in six or seven combination types, showing that these two types combined with many variants are helpful for the identification of lianas. Only one species, Momordica charantia var. abbreviata, had a cambium element in the cortical bicollateral vascular bundles and formed directional layers of successive cambia. Conclusions: Our study documented cambium regular secondary growth of 36 species and cambial variants of 16 species of Taiwanese lianas. Furthermore, we provide crucial baseline data on liana cambial variations, thereby improving our understanding of their morphology and identification.
Communication openness and nosocomial infection reporting: the mediating role of team cohesion
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Zhang Xinping , Wang Qianning , Zheng Feiyang , Wang Lu
Published: May 2022

Background: The situation of IPC(infection prevention and control) is serious under the COVID-19 pandemic. The nosocomial infection reporting is of great significance to transparent management of IPC under the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to explore the relationship between communication openness and nosocomial infection reporting, and explore the mediating effect of team cohesion in the two, and provide evidence-based from the new organizational perspective for improving IPC management in the hospitals.Method: A questionnaire was used to collect data on communication openness, team cohesion and nosocomial infection reporting in 3512 medical staff from 239 hospitals in Hubei, China. Structural equation model(SEM) was conducted to examine the hypothetical model.Result: Communication openness was positively related to nosocomial infection reporting (β =0.540, p < 0.001 ), and was positively related to team cohesion (β =0.887, p < 0.001 ). Team cohesion was positively related to infection report (β =0.328, p < 0.001 ) . The partial mediating effect of team cohesion was significant ( β=0.291, SE = 0.055, 95 % CI = [ 0.178,0.392 ] ), making up 35.02 % of total effect. Conclusion: Communication openness was not only positively related to nosocomial infection reporting. Team cohesion can be regarded as a mediator between communication openness and nosocomial infection reporting. It implies that strengthening communication openness and team cohesion is the strategy to promote IPC management from the new organizational perspective.
Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction or Augmentation at Posterior Extraction Sites with Severe Bone Defect Using DBBM-C Collagen Membrane and PRF. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yu Haina , Cai Qing , Li Baosheng , He Mengxiao , Meng Weiyan
Published: May 2022

Objective: This randomized controlled trial was primarily aimed at evaluating the volumetric changes of the alveolar bone after alveolar ridge reconstruction (ARR)in molar sites with severe bone resorption as compared with unassisted socket healing by means of three dimensional and linear analyses.Material and methods: A total of 31 patients (15 males, 16 females) with more than 50% of hard tissue loss in one or more socket walls were recruited and randomized into either the test group(ARR after extraction using deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with a resorbable collagen membrane) or the control group (natural healing after extraction).The clinical, linear, volumetric implant-related and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed following a 4-months healing process. This single blinded randomized clinical trial was approved by Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Identifier: ChiCTR2100047321).Results: Linear bone assessments presented significantly more gains of ridge width presented at 25% level in mesial, mid-facial and distal aspects in the test group and less reduction of vertical bone ridge than in the control group from (P＜0.05).Similarly, volumetric bone remodeling was significant higher in the test group (ARR=35.1±34.9%, control=14.2±12.8%, P＜0.05). Assessment of patient-reported discomfort and keratinized mucosa changes were comparable between groupsConclusion: Alveolar ridge reconstruction with DBBM-C in combination with PRF and resorbable membrane in posterior sites with severe socket walls deficiency (＞50% bone loss) is a safe and more capable method when compared with natural healing unassisted socket.Clinical Relevance: The presented study have demonstrated that alveolar ridge reconstruction could be an efficient method to maintain and augment crestal bone at posterior extraction sites with severe bone defect during 4 months of healing.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Evolution by Adaptation
Authors: Marchant David , Elawar Farah , Oraby Ahmed , Stojic Aleksandra , McClelland Ryley , Erwin Kaci , Bilawchuk Leanne , Hazes Bart , Griffiths Cameron , Culp Tyce , West Frederick , Ramilo Octavio , McLellan Jason , Mejias Asuncion
Published: May 2022

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of infant hospitalizations worldwide, and in the absence of an RSV vaccine, antibody prophylaxis is the only means of protection. The two types of RSV, RSVA and RSVB, share a high level of amino acid identity but they have different serum neutralization profiles. Here, we describe a single amino acid at position 305 in the RSV fusion glycoprotein (RSV-F) that switches the profile from RSVA (Leucine-L) to RSVB (Isoleucine-I). We found that the L305I mutation caused protein-wide shape-shift, altering both antibody and patient serum neutralization susceptibility. We show that viral replication in the presence of selective pressure forces mutation at position 305 and was the only amino acid mutation to occur in RSVA at evolutionary bottlenecks. We also identified a new mutation in RSVB that was associated with pressure from antibody neutralization. We engineered the L305I mutation in an RSV reverse genetic model system that led to a switch in susceptibility between RSVA and B patient sera. We postulate that this event was a significant determinant in the divergence of RSVA and RSVB from the parent virus, and a new mutation in RSVB suggests these viruses are still diverging. Our work suggests that the most effective sterilizing antiviral immunity leads to more rapid virus mutation and immune evasion that applies to RSV treatment, vaccines, and surveillance.
Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and COVID-19 hesitancy in a large public university in Mexico City during the early vaccination rollout
Authors: Mongua-Rodríguez Norma , Rodríguez-Álvarez Mauricio , Rosa-Zamboni Daniela De La , Jiménez-Corona María Eugenia , Cediel Martha Lucía Castañeda , Miranda-Novales Guadalupe , Cruz-Pacheco Gustavo , Ferreira-Guerrero Elizabeth , Ferreyra-Reyes Leticia , Delgado-Sánchez Guadalupe , Martínez-Hernández Maribel , Cruz-Salgado Arturo , Pérez-Padilla Rogelio , Ponce-de-León Samuel , García-García Lourdes
Published: May 2022

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is a primary tool for controlling the pandemic. However, the spread of vaccine hesitancy constitutes a significant threat to reverse progress in controlling transmissible diseases such as COVID-19. A previous Mexican survey conducted in 2012 showed that the adult population with more years of formal education and from higher socioeconomic levels was more likely to have incomplete vaccination schedules.Objective: To know the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and associated factors among academics, students, and administrative personnel of a public university in Mexico City.Methods: We administered an online survey investigating sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and acceptance/hesitancy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Using generalized linear Poisson models, we analyzed factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, defined as not intending to be vaccinated within the following six months or refusing vaccination.Results: During May and June 2021, we studied 840 people, prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 6%. Hesitancy was significantly associated with fear of adverse effects, distrust of physician’s recommendations, lack of knowledge regarding handwashing, age younger than 40 years, refusal to use face masks, and not having received influenza vaccination during the two previous seasons.Conclusions. Vaccine hesitancy in this population is low. Furthermore, our results allowed us the identification of characteristics that can improve vaccine promotion.
The Influence of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Dose Intensity on Overall Survival in Resected Colon Cancer: A Multicentered Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Breadner Daniel , Loree Jonathan M , Cheung Winson Y , Gipson Meghan , Lakkunarajah Suganija , Mulder Karen E , Spartlin Jennifer L , Kong Shiying , Ding Philip Q , Gill Sharlene , Welch Stephen A
Published: May 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in North America. Fluorouracil and oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer (CC) reduces cancer recurrence, but also causes significant toxicity requiring dose reductions. The effect of dose intensity on survival outcomes is not fully understood and strengthening the evidence supports informed decision making between patients and oncologists. Methods: Patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, between 2006 and 2011, for resected colon cancer at four Canadian academic cancer centers were retrospectively analyzed. All patients must have received oxaliplatin with either capecitabine (CAPOX) or 5-FU (FOLFOX). Dose intensity (DI) was calculated as total delivered dose of an individual chemotherapy agent divided by the cumulative intended dose of that agent. The influence of DI on overall survival was examined. Results: 531 patients with high-risk stage II or stage III resected CC were eligible and included in the analysis. FOLFOX was the most common regimen (69.6%) with 29.7% of patients receiving CAPOX and 0.7% receiving both therapies. Median follow-up was 36.7 months. The median DI for 5-FU and capecitabine was 100% and 100% with 13.6% and 9.8% of patients receiving ≤ 80% DI, respectively. The median DI of oxaliplatin was 70% with 56.8% of patients receiving ≤ 80% DI. A DI of >80% for each chemotherapy component was associated with a significant improvement in overall survival compared to those with a DI of ≤ 80% (5-FU HR=0.23, 95% CI = 0.08-0.65, p=0.006; capecitabine HR=0.56, 95% CI = 0.33-0.94, p=0.026; oxaliplatin HR= 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33-0.82, p=0.005). Patients with T2 and/or N2 disease with an oxaliplatin DI >80% had a trend towards improved survival (HR=0.62, 95% CI = 0.38-1.02, p=0.06). Conclusions: In resected CC an adjuvant chemotherapy DI of >80%, of each chemotherapy agent, is associated with improved overall survival.
Insights into the silent cause of death in dogs, the carcinogenic nematode
Authors: Mohamed Teroj Abdulrahman , hasan Akheenk Mustafa
Published: May 2022

The carcinogenic dog nematode, Spirocerca lupi, is a canine causative agent of the oesophagal nodular granuloma. Worldwide availability of the biological host (beetle) and the presence of some environmental factors help in the comprehensive epidemiology of this nodular forming nematode. Coprologically, it depends on the presence and characteristics of the rhabdiform larvae in most nematodes due to the similarity in egg shape. In contrast, in the case of the presence of carcinogenic nematodes, the morphological appearance of the eggs is definitive for diagnosis, which can be detected by flotation and sedimentation techniques in the faecal examination to detect the gastrointestinal parasites. The morphological identification of the parasite's eggs in the dog's faecal samples requires more confirmation by molecular and specific gene amplification. They should be aware of the possibility of a spirurid worm infection, which needs to be diagnosed and treated.