bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solitary waves of the generalized Zakharov equations via integration algorithms
Authors: Alotaibi Hammad
Published: April 2024

In many applications, the investigation of traveling wave solutions is essential in obtaining an accurate description of the dynamical behavior of most physical phenomena. The exact solutions to nonlinear equations can provide more physical descriptions and insightful details for many problems of practical interest. This paper focuses on investigating the solitary wave solutions of the generalized Zakharov equations (GZEs) by using four integration algorithms, namely, the modified $ (g'/g^{2}) $-expansion method, the modified $ (g') $-expansion method, the generalized simple ($ w/g $)-expansion method, and the addendum to Kudryashov's method. The GZEs have been widely used to describe the propagation of Langmuir waves in the field of plasma physics. The efficiency and simplicity of these methods are evaluated based on their application to GZEs, which have yielded multiple new optical solitary wave solutions in the form of rational, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions. By using a suitable wave transformation, the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations. The derived optical solutions are graphically depicted in $ 2 $D and $ 3 $D plots for some specific parameter values. The traveling wave solutions discovered in the current study constitute just one example of the desired solutions that may enable the exploration of the physical properties of many complex systems and could also contribute greatly to improving our understanding of many interesting natural phenomena that arise in different applications, including plasma physics, fluid mechanics, protein chemistry, wave propagation, and optical fibers.
Hostile-based bipartite containment control of nonlinear fractional multi-agent systems with input delays: a signed graph approach under disturbance and switching networks
Authors: Khan Asad , Niazi Azmat Ullah Khan , Rehman Saadia , Ahmed Sidra
Published: April 2024

This article addresses the hostile-based bipartite containment control of nonlinear fractional multi-agent systems (FMASs) with input delays. Several fundamental algebraic criteria have been offered by the use of signed graph theory. To make the controller design more realistic, we assumed that the controller was under some disturbance. For the analysis of bipartite containment control, we used a fixed and switching signed network. The commonly used Lyapunov function approach and the Razumikhin technique were used. The use of these techniques can conquer the challenge brought on by switching, temporal delays, and fractional mathematics. To better elucidate the theoretical results, two examples are provided.
Effects of heterogeneous opinion interactions in many-agent systems for epidemic dynamics
Authors: Bonandin Sabrina , Zanella Mattia
Published: April 2024

In this work we define a kinetic model for understanding the impact of heterogeneous opinion formation dynamics on epidemics. The considered many-agent system is characterized by nonsymmetric interactions which define a coupled system of kinetic equations for the evolution of the opinion density in each compartment. In the quasi-invariant limit we may show positivity and uniqueness of the solution of the problem together with its convergence towards an equilibrium distribution exhibiting bimodal shape. The tendency of the system towards opinion clusters is further analyzed by means of numerical methods, which confirm the consistency of the kinetic model with its moment system whose evolution is approximated in several regimes of parameters.
Modeling disease awareness and variable susceptibility with a structured epidemic model
Authors: Amorim Paulo , Margheri Alessandro , Rebelo Carlota
Published: April 2024

We developed an epidemic model with disease awareness and variable susceptibility, consisting of a two-dimensional, nonlocal, transport equation. From this model, we deduced a 3D ordinary differential equation (ODE) model, which is reminiscent of (but not reducible to) more traditional susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS)-type models, where the dynamical variables are the infected population proportion, the mean awareness of the population, and the mean susceptibility to reinfection. We show that a reproduction number $ R_0 $ exists whose threshold value determines the stability of the disease-free equilibrium, alongside the existence of an endemic one. We deduced conditions on the model parameters and ensured the stability and uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium. The transport equation was studied, and we showed some numerical experiments. Our results suggest that disease awareness dynamics can have a major role in epidemiological outcomes: we showed that even for high $ R_0 $, the infection prevalence could be made as small as desired, as long as the awareness decay was small. On the other hand, numerical evidence suggested that the relation between epidemiological outcomes and awareness levels was not straightforward, in the sense that sustained high awareness may not always lead to better outcomes, as compared to time-limited awareness peaks in response to outbreaks.
Design and Implementation of Bekantan Educational Game (BEG) as a Banjar Language Learning Media
Authors: Syahidi Aulia Akhrian , Supianto Ahmad Afif , Tolle Herman
Published: April 2024

The lack of recognition of the current Banjar language is one of the causes of knowledge and the introduction of children about the reduced Banjar language. In an attempt to recognize, introduce, and improve the re-knowledge of the Banjar language is to recommend the design and implementation of an educational game application called Bekantan Educational Game (BEG) containing material content and quizzes. Before this game application is used, it must be tested first. Test method used is black box testing, to test the functionality of game applications. Other tests are also conducted to obtain information about the material access frequency and reset quizzes by players. The result of black box testing is all the functionality in the BEG application in accordance with what is expected. The result of the frequency testing accessing the menu on BEG of Material Section is Wadai Banjar 2 Menu with 59 times, and the frequency reset on BEG of Quiz Section is a type of Drag and Drop quiz with 21 times and generate feedback from quiz in the form of final value with average 89.17%.
Métamorphoses des cartes en Amérique latine : de Martin Waldseemüller aux cartographies participatives
Authors: Velut Sébastien
Published: April 2024

Depuis la fin du xxe siècle, les cartes ont connu de profondes mutations grâce aux technologies de l’information. Ces métamorphoses entraînent-elles pour autant une généralisation de leur usage et par-là une démocratisation des compétences spatiales ? La communication considère l’évolution des cartes en Amérique latine dans leurs contextes social et historique de production, de diffusion et de réception. Les changements techniques apportés par la numérisation des cartes sont replacés dans ces contextes. Les perspectives abordées sont celles de l’exactitude en cartographie, du déficit de littératie des cartes (omission de noms et de sites, accent mis sur les fonctionnalités d’usage actuel) et de la stratégie de représentation. Un panorama de l’histoire de la cartographie des États montre la part qu’elles prennent au projet territorial et politique. L’évolution la plus récente des techniques de représentation et de diffusion fait ressortir la volonté de « démocratiser » la cartographie, un bouleversement technologique qui en multiplie les usages, amoindrit la fonction de contrôle de l’espace par l’État, au bénéfice d’intérêts particuliers et débouche, dans certains cas, sur un « activisme cartographique ».
«Mapas de relación», historias cartográficas del océano Atlántico (siglos XIII-XX)
Authors: Rubio Amaia Cabranes
Published: April 2024

Este artículo nace de una constatación: a partir del siglo xviii emerge una cartografía específica del océano Atlántico. Estos «mapas del atlántico» son invariablemente la representación de conexiones intraoceánicas: «mapas de relación» de distinta índole cuyo análisis abre una ventana sobre la construcción social del mundo atlántico en la época contemporánea así como nuevas vías de reflexión para los Atlantic Studies.La primera parte destaca la aparición desde fines del siglo xviii de mapas concebidos como «mapas del Atlántico». Se pone así de manifiesto la existencia, en los albores del periodo contemporáneo, de otras territorialidades más allá de aquellas de los Estados-nación y de los nuevos imperios coloniales en construcción. La segunda parte propone clasificar las representaciones cartográficas del océano Atlántico en función del tipo de relación que las produce. ¿Qué nos dicen los mapas de los lazos que han unido las diferentes orillas del océano en la Época Contemporánea? ¿Qué significaciones materiales y simbólicas han tenido? La cartografía actualmente difundida con las nuevas tecnologías de comunicaciones muestra que, en lo que concierne a las estrategias geopolíticas, el océano permanece como un «territorio» codiciado.
Otra cartografía del espacio tropicalEscritura geocultural, regionalismo y urgencia de mapa nuevo en Brasil y Venezuela (1930-1940)
Authors: Selgas Gianfranco
Published: April 2024

En Latinoamérica, la estetización del entorno ha regido las representaciones geográficas, siendo el recurso discursivo y poético herramienta fundamental para trazar las cartografías nacionales-modernas de poder geopolítico sobre las provincias regionales. En este artículo propongo indagar en una construcción discursiva alternativa a través de las escrituras geoculturales sobre la región del interior que postularon otra cartografía del espacio tropical. Concretamente, me enfoco en el ensayo sobre el nordeste brasileño Nordeste (1937), de Gilberto Freyre, y el ensayo sobre la provincia venezolana Una ojeada al mapa de Venezuela (1939), de Enrique Bernardo Núñez. Argumento que estas obras establecen una relación con la cartografía al postular, a través de metáforas geopoéticas y geopolíticas, la urgencia de un mapa nuevo para la Nación fundamentado en la recuperación e incorporación del espacio regional que hacía frente a los proyectos económicos que alteraban las geografías y el medio ambiente regional brasileño y venezolano durante la década 1930-1940.
La carte n’est pas le territoirePourquoi et à quelle fin penser et s’approprier le territoire par la cartographie ?
Authors: Almeida Fernanda Oliveira de
Published: April 2024

Il est difficile de dissocier une représentation de la réalité, d’autant plus que cette représentation est historiquement un instrument de pouvoir, de manière directe ou indirecte. Il faut préciser que la carte n’est pas le territoire, ni la réalité. Le territoire n’est pas neutre, il n’est pas non plus vide, il est avant tout la relation entre les sujets qui l’habitent et le pensent. Lorsque le territoire est pensé au moyen de la cartographie et à partir de l’évolution de ses techniques, une certaine organisation de l’espace s’impose et, avec elle, des stratégies de domination (Brunet, 1980). La cartographie, en tant qu’instrument de connaissance et de pouvoir, est capable de créer un imaginaire sur un certain territoire. C’est précisément sur ce pouvoir des cartes sur le territoire que se fonde le présent article. À partir de l’analyse des représentations territoriales de plateformes telles que Google Maps, la carte en tant qu’instrument de pouvoir est mise en question : pourquoi certains territoires ne sont-ils pas représentés et d’autres sont-ils « sur-représentés » ? De la non-représentation dans ces plateformes de territoires dits en litige, on conclut que, bien qu’elle ne soit pas le territoire, la carte a une grande influence sur celui-ci, ou du moins sur son imaginaire1.
Descolonizar el mapa con el relato cinematográficoUna vía posible: Olinda (Brasil) y LeandroN. Alem (Argentina)
Authors: Allouche Claire
Published: April 2024

A partir de la construcción de un diálogo entre el cortometraje brasileño Nunca é noite no mapa de Ernesto de Carvalho (2016) y el largometraje argentino El Escarabajo de Oro (2014), codirigido por Alejo Moguillansky y la artista sueca Fia-Stina Sandlund, nos proponemos investigar el proyecto de una cartografía cinematográfica a partir de un mapa nacional preexistente. Dicho proyecto da lugar a un proceso de reapropiación de espacios periféricos a través de un nuevo relato crítico. Por último, nos proponemos estudiar el punto de vista de ambos cineastas como una forma de cinemapear el territorio y producir una nueva trayectoria narrativa capaz de desplazar la configuración colonial del territorio.
Maîtriser l’eau en Espagne romaine
Authors: Gouverneur Alexandre
Published: April 2024

Ressource fortement investie de valeurs symboliques, imbriquées dans les sphères du politique ou du religieux, l’eau constitue un élément structurant pour les communautés antiques et l’Hispanie n’échappe pas à ce constat. Territoire au climat à dominante sèche ou aride, la péninsule Ibérique constitue un terrain privilégié d’étude des innovations techniques qui permettent aux communautés de mieux affronter le stress hydrique. L’Espagne romaine est ainsi légataire de techniques et de savoirs hydrauliques variés, des citernes domestiques aux fontaines ornant les lieux de culte, en passant par les aqueducs qui conduisent l’eau dans les villes comme dans les mines. Prises dans leur globalité, ces différentes facettes d’une même ressource contribuent à créer une véritable « culture de l’eau ».
Influence de la configuration de la rue sur la mobilité piétonnière dans les villes algériennes. Cas de deux rues de la ville de Batna
Authors: Touati Samia , Arrouf Abdelmalek
Published: April 2024

Nous étudions dans cet article l’influence que pourrait exercer la configuration de la rue sur les pratiques et comportements du piéton dans les villes algériennes, en nous focalisant sur le cas de la ville de Batna. Notre démarche se structure en deux moments. Au premier, nous utilisons la typomorphologie et la théorie d’appropriation des façades pour décrire la configuration des rues choisies. Au second, nous recourons à l’ethnométhodologie et à la description en marche pour observer, répertorier et étudier les conduites et les pratiques du piéton qui les traverse. Nous montrons in fine, que la configuration des rues influence fortement le comportement piétonnier. Elle provoque chez le passant des émotions, positives ou négatives, qui induisent, non seulement des pratiques piétonnières spécifiques, mais vont jusqu’à changer les projets d’activité du marcheur. Nous répertorions ainsi un ensemble de vingt-quatre émotions : sept positives qui dénotent contentement et satisfaction et dix-sept négatives qui vont du mécontentement à la frustration. Celles-ci sont responsables de quinze types différents de phénomènes-moteurs qui sont eux-mêmes caractéristiques de cinq types d’activités piétonnes qui peuvent être projetées ou émerger de la situation.
La mise en demeure de la banque ING par Milieudefensie, prémisse d’un nouveau contentieux climatique
Authors: Laniyan Brice
Published: April 2024

Le vendredi 19 janvier 2024, l’ONG Milieudefensie a mis en demeure la banque ING de respecter son devoir de vigilance climatique. Cette action précontentieuse constitue la prémisse d’un possible nouveau contentieux climatique. Elle intervient dans un contexte marqué par une attention accrue sur le rôle et la responsabilité des acteurs financiers dans l’inertie du système énergétique mondial et l’aggravation de la crise climatique. La présente contribution vise à présenter le fondement juridique de l’action initiée par Milieudefensie et la rationalité qui régit la manière dont l’ONG choisit les entreprises ciblées en matière de contentieux climatique.
L’écriture empathique en sociologie
Authors: Siracusa Jacques
Published: April 2024

Cet article examine quelques procédés linguistiques ou rhétoriques souvent employés dans les enquêtes de terrain dites compréhensives, notamment lorsque le groupe étudié est situé en bas de la hiérarchie sociale. La relation empathique à l’égard des enquêtés est un moyen de connaissance pour le sociologue. L’attitude empathique exprimée dans le texte est, quant à elle, une information, peu articulée, sur l’auteur : sur sa manière d’appréhender les participants, les événements, etc. Les procédés employés sont analogues à ceux qu’emploie un romancier pour représenter les personnages de son récit. Ils distinguent les éléments dramatiques centraux de ceux annexes. Ils expriment la proximité de l’auteur à l’égard de ses héros, concentrent l’attention sur leur monde vécu et leur humanité. Ils sensibilisent l’audience, au risque souvent d’appauvrir cette humanité.
Multi-Fault Diagnosis Based on Hybrid Bio-Inspired Algorithm ACO-GA
Authors: Sabrina Abid , Fatima Debbat
Published: April 2024

The fault detection and isolation (FDI) procedure increases the assurance of quality, reliability, and safety of industrial systems. Several faults may appear simultaneously, and the purpose of multi-fault diagnosis is to identify and locate these multiple faults. This work is particularly interested in the diagnosis based on the structural analysis of the system; residuals can be generated and used as fault indicators by model-based fault detection techniques. The isolation is dependent on the structure of the fault signature matrix. A new fault signature that represents the superposition of the fault is produced by simultaneous fault effects, resulting in an additional column in an extended signature matrix. This remedy is rather combinatorial. This research focuses on two methods to isolate multiple faults: (1) A modified enumerative method; (2) A hybrid ant colony optimization algorithm-genetic algorithm (Hybrid ACO-GA) is adapted to the MFD problem which has the advantage of a better research as well as the hybridization with GA.
Cognitive Performance in the Digital Era
Authors: Shaleha Rinanda Rizky Amalia , Roque Nelson
Published: April 2024

Generational categories classify individuals born in specific time frames, known for unique traits and tech adaptability. Some research indicates that the digital-native generation is more prone to distractions than other groups. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear and influenced by many factors, such as stress. In the current study (n=299), the authors leveraged the mobile monitoring of cognitive change (M2C2) symbol search task to measure processing speed. This study examines the relationships between generational categories (Gen X, Millennials, and Gen Z), perceived stress, subjective age (considered to predict important aspects of well-being beyond chronological age), and distraction cost. These results emphasize the significant influence of age-related variables and stress in shaping susceptibility to distractions. Future research can expand participant numbers, conduct longitudinal studies to track cognitive changes in digital-era generational cohorts, and explore neurocognitive mechanisms and technological fluency's role in distraction susceptibility.
Research on the Application of Virtual Reality Technology in the Cultural Exchange of Tourist Attractions Under the Background of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hou Na
Published: April 2024

Virtual reality is an immersive interactive technology that captures the entire location within 360 degrees with the help of special cameras, mounts and software. This paper discusses the role of artificial intelligence technology and virtual reality technology in the cultural communication of tourist attractions. In tourist attractions, VR technology provides a glimpse of information about the tourist attraction with the help of VR photography and VR video. This study provides a new idea for the design of interactive cultural communication devices and uses supervised learning algorithms to make their versatility and interactivity fully reflected in the communication effect . The results of the study show that by using supervised learning algorithms, artificial intelligence based virtual reality provides 97% high accuracy.
Research on Optimization Strategies for Closed-Loop Supply Chain Management Based on Deep Learning Technology
Authors: Gao Chunjuan
Published: April 2024

This study explores the integration of deep learning (DL) technology and the guided simulated annealing algorithm (GSAA) to optimize closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) for sustainable development. By applying DL for predictive analysis and GSAA for optimization, the research aims to enhance CLSC operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. The methodology combines a review of the CLSC framework with practical applications of DL and GSAA, aiming to reduce waste, maximize resource utilization, and minimize environmental impact. An experimental comparison of this approach against traditional optimization strategies demonstrates the proposed method's superior effectiveness and efficiency. The findings reveal that the DL-GSAA optimization significantly improves CLSC sustainability and efficiency, with GSAA showing promising convergence properties. This study underscores the importance of advanced technological solutions in achieving sustainable supply chain management, offering practical insights for businesses and supply chain managers.
A-DisETrac Advanced Analytic Dashboard for Distributed Eye Tracking
Authors: Abeysinghe Yasasi , Mahanama Bhanuka , Jayawardena Gavindya , Jayawardana Yasith , Sunkara Mohan , Duchowski Andrew T. , Ashok Vikas , Jayarathna Sampath
Published: April 2024

Understanding how individuals focus and perform visual searches during collaborative tasks can help improve user engagement. Eye tracking measures provide informative cues for such understanding. This article presents A-DisETrac, an advanced analytic dashboard for distributed eye tracking. It uses off-the-shelf eye trackers to monitor multiple users in parallel, compute both traditional and advanced gaze measures in real-time, and display them on an interactive dashboard. Using two pilot studies, the system was evaluated in terms of user experience and utility, and compared with existing work. Moreover, the system was used to study how advanced gaze measures such as ambient-focal coefficient K and real-time index of pupillary activity relate to collaborative behavior. It was observed that the time a group takes to complete a puzzle is related to the ambient visual scanning behavior quantified and groups that spent more time had more scanning behavior. User experience questionnaire results suggest that their dashboard provides a comparatively good user experience.
Examination of the Impact of Remote Working Conditions on Quality of Life
Authors: Sengupta Sohawm , Ayyagari Anant , Archinapalli Rithika , Zhang Ming , Clack Lesley
Published: April 2024

Given the recent state of affairs, many organizations have adopted remote working conditions as a norm. Various challenges affecting quality of life are impacted by working from home. The aim of this literature review is to provide further insight into the impacts that working from home (WFH) had on the productivity and quality of life of workers across occupations. Review of the literature showed that autonomy has a significant impact upon work engagement, which in turn leads to a significant positive association on worker happiness. In addition to autonomy and work engagement, research indicates that the convenience of WFH also is positively associated with work engagement. Since remote working conditions are likely to remain, it is important for organizations to understand the impact of remote conditions on the quality of life of employees.
Relating Self-Complexity to Coping and Adaptation with Chinese College Students: A New Measurement Perspective
Authors: Luo Wenshu , Watkins David
Published: April 2024

Research into self-complexity has been hampered by problems with its measurement. The present study was designed to test the generality of Western findings about self-complexity and improve the measurement and our understanding of this construct by examining the relationships of four measures of self-complexity to coping and psychological adaptation with 347 Chinese college students. A new measure, the Self-Complexity Task was developed to obtain the number of self-aspects and the average distinction among self-aspects separately, and was employed in parallel to Linville’s H measure as the overlap among self-aspects in terms of their descriptive traits. As found in Western cultures, the positive correlation between the H statistic and overlap supports the position that H is not an appropriate measure of self-complexity. Among the four measures, the average distinction is the most powerful indicator of self-complexity in terms of its relationship with coping and adaptation variables in the sample of Chinese college students. Although higher average distinction implies the use of more effective coping strategies, it may be the latter which directly affects adaptation in the long run. Implications of these findings are discussed for future research of self-complexity from a cross-cultural perspective.
Acquiescence and Extremity in Cross-National Surveys: Domain Dependence and Country-Level Correlates
Authors: Van Dijk Tobias , Datema Femke , Welten Stephanie , Van de Vijver Fons
Published: April 2024

Likert-type rating scales are susceptible to response styles, such as acquiescence and extremity scoring. Although it is widely acknowledged that response styles can seriously invalidate findings of cross-cultural research, their theoretical underpinnings are hardly explored. The current study analyzed domain-dependency and country differences in acquiescence and extremity scoring in a large dataset of the International Social Survey Program. The hypothesis that response styles are more likely in domains with a high personal relevance compared to domains with a low personal relevance was tentatively confirmed. Correlations with various cultural, psychological, and economic variables were investigated. We found that acquiescence was negatively related to affluence, individualism, and well-being, while extremity was only negatively related to well-being. Positive associations were found between uncertainty avoidance and both acquiescence and extremity.
Are Attitudes of Young Portuguese towards Immigration also Hardening? A Comparison between 1999 and 2006
Authors: Neto Félix
Published: April 2024

The host majority has an important impact on how immigrants adapt to their new land. The focus of the present chapter1 is to understand attitudes of Portuguese young people towards immigration. To achieve this aim, a pilot study was conducted with the ISATIS (International Study of Attitudes Towards Immigration and Settlement) instrument. The sample consisted of 477 Portuguese youngsters attending courses in high school, interviewed in 1999 and in 2006. All participants were of Portuguese origin and 94% were born in Portugal. Their age ranged between 16 and 20 years. An examination of acculturation expectations towards immigration showed that Integration is the option most preferred, while Exclusion is the least preferred. In-between preferences are Segregation and Assimilation. Globally, there was a positive social climate towards immigration and immigrants. However, from 1999 to 2006 those positive attitudes were less strong. Girls revealed more positive attitudes towards immigration and immigrants than boys. Regarding attitudes towards diversity, tolerance is clearly the strongest link. With respect to security, economic security and personal security are the weakest links. The indicators of immigration climate (perceived personal, economic and cultural consequences of diversity and immigration, the tendency to advocate prohibition of immigration and attitude toward 17 ethnocultural groups) are reasonably strong. Immigration climate is more strongly linked to diversity attitudes as compared with security.
Risk management in a clinical pathology laboratory: Application of brainstorming and probability analysis for risk reduction
Authors: Singh Garima , Jahan Aarzoo , Kalra Rupinder , Joshi Arpita , Sukhwinder  , Sarin Namrata , Singh Sompal , Gupta Ruchika
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Risk management includes identifying various risks, assessing the probability of occurrence, and evaluating the severity of their consequences. As clinical laboratories are integrally involved in patient care, risks in the laboratories could present grave consequences in some instances. This study aimed to utilize simple techniques for risk management in a clinical laboratory.

Materials and Methods:

All potential risks in the pathology laboratory of a tertiary-level hospital were identified and classified into natural calamity, environmental, manpower-related, pre-analytical, analytical, post-analytical, and laboratory hazard-related risks through a brainstorming session. The probability of occurrence of each risk was estimated from departmental and hospital records. The possible impact of risk (score 1–10) was categorized into catastrophic, critical, serious, minor negligible, and insignificant. The unweighted risk score was calculated by multiplying the probability of occurrence and impact score.

Results:

Inadequate sample-to-anticoagulant ratio had the highest probability of occurrence (22.85%), followed by quantity insufficient for analysis (7.30%) and laboratory information system (LIS) breakdown (6.58%). The highest unweighted risk score in our study was inadequate sample-to-anticoagulant ratio (score 91.40), followed by improperly labeled samples (score 35.61), manpower competency issues (score 32.88), sample insufficient for analysis (score 29.20), and LIS breakdown (score 26.30).

Conclusion:

We found that among all the categories, risks involving the pre-analytical phase had the highest risk scores. The other important risks included manpower competency issues requiring continued on-the-job training of staff as a risk reduction strategy. Brainstorming and probability analysis could be easily used for risk management in a clinical laboratory.
Pediatric pneumonia – A clinico-pathological study
Authors: Sathe Pragati A. , Dash Monalisa , Vaideeswar Pradeep , Karande Sunil , Kadiyani Lamk
Published: April 2024

Context:

Numerous pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or fungi) can cause childhood pneumonia. The clinical presentations of viral and bacterial pneumonia can be similar. Though viruses are a more common cause as compared to bacteria, antibiotics remain the first line of treatment for pneumonia.

Aims:

This study was planned to describe the pulmonary histopathological patterns in cases of pediatric pneumonia (age <12 years) at autopsy and aimed to identify the probable etiology and correlate with clinical presentations.

Materials and Methods:

This is a single-center 3-year retrospective descriptive autopsy study. Relevant clinical data was correlated with the postmortem findings. The cases were assigned to one of the following categories based on probable etiology: viral, bacterial, mixed, or others.

Results:

There were 89 cases with a postmortem diagnosis of pneumonia among 262 autopsied children (34%). Most patients had histological patterns that suggested viral and bacterial etiology in 46 (51.7%) and 27 (30.3%), respectively. A total of 35 out of 46 patients received antibiotics. Twelve cases had mixed viral and bacterial patterns. Antibiotics were also given in the remaining four children (4.5%) with a similar clinical presentation, where a diagnosis of tuberculosis (03 cases) and invasive aspergillosis (01) was made at autopsy.

Conclusion:

Neither clinical features nor investigations reliably differentiate between viral and bacterial pneumonia. Autopsy has an important role in providing insights into the pathogenesis of pneumonia and suggests inappropriate antibiotic exposure. No prior Indian studies have been performed to compare the clinical and postmortem findings of pneumonia in children.
Role of direct antiglobulin test in anemia under evaluation: Its prevalence, laboratory workup, and significance in further patient management—A study from eastern India
Authors: Pandey Sumita , Maity Chikam , Samanta Sambit K. , Talukdar Arunansu , Das Arijit , Paul Sandip , Bhattacharya Prasun , Das Pushpak
Published: April 2024

Introduction and Aims:

The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is an important diagnostic tool for immune hemolytic anemia (IHA). The present study was primarily aimed to identify the prevalence of DAT positivity in anemia patients along with its specificity . A three months follow up of the DAT positive patients were performed for the response during course of illness in terms of transfusion requirement, hemoglobin level, persistence of DAT.

Materials and Methods:

This cross sectional study was performed at a government medical college on symptomatic anemia patients. At initial evaluation, complete blood count (CBC), blood grouping and DAT were performed in the EDTA blood. DAT positive blood samples were analyzed for their immunoglobulin specificity, auto or alloantibody type. Acid elution and red cell phenotyping were performed wherever applicable.Their clinical presentation, hematological and biochemical parameters of hemolysis were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed on the results on SPSS (Version 23.0;.USA) and Graph pad Prism version 9. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

DAT was present in 64 out of 501 patients with male female ratio 1: 4. Warm AIHA (WAIHA) was 93.7% with secondary WAIHA 60%. IgG was associated in 86% DAT positive samples, Only C3d was 14%. All the 4 cold AIHA (6.3%) had a higher antibody titre and thermal amplitude. DAT strength was directly proportional to the degree of hemolysis. During 3 months follow up , persistence of DAT and blood transfusion requirement was more in secondary WAIHA . Hemoglobin increment was more in primary WAIHA (75%).

Conclusion:

DAT played a significant role in the diagnosis as well as evaluation of AIHA.
The thyroid-pericardium connection: Unveiling the influence of hypothyroidism severity on pericardial effusion in South Gujarat’s patient population—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vaghela Nital N. , Jadav Naresh B. , Shah Yash R. , Parmar Ajay T. , Munnangi Pragathi R. , Madhupalli Reshma N.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Hypothyroidism and pericardial effusion are two conditions that are associated with previous research. Nevertheless, the correlation between the severity of hypothyroidism and the occurrence of pericardial effusion remains uncertain.

Aims:

1. To explore and examine the association between the severity of hypothyroidism and the occurrence of pericardial effusion. 2. To compare clinical characteristics and demographic factors with varying degrees of hypothyroidism severity and pericardial effusion.

Settings and Design:

Tertiary care hospital and cross-sectional study using a pretested, semistructured questionnaire and echocardiography.

Method and Material:

The cross-sectional study encompassed a cohort of 60 patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Epi-info version 7.0 and Open epi version 3.1, Chi-square, mean, and standard deviation were used.

Results:

There were 16 male participants, accounting for 26.7% of the total, and 44 female participants, constituting 73.3% of the cohort. The participants’ average age was 35.5 years. Based on TSH levels, the severity of hypothyroidism in the study was classified into three categories: mild (33.4%), moderate (43.3%), and severe (23.3%). The most common symptoms were lethargy, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Also, an association between the severity of hypothyroidism and pericardial effusion was noted.

Conclusion:

This research established a noteworthy correlation between hypothyroidism severity and pericardial effusion incidence that is statistically significant. Nevertheless, no significant associations were detected with demographic factors or pulse rate. These results underscore the significance of monitoring and addressing pericardial effusion in patients with moderate-to-severe hypothyroidism. Further investigations are warranted to extend these findings.
Insight to the psychosocial factors of survivors of suicidal hanging
Authors: Sethi Sudhansu S. , Hansda Manoj K. , Sahoo Jyotiranjan , Swain Rajanikanta
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The incidence of hanging has increased over the last ten years and is the most common method of suicide. Because of its multifactorial causation, the reason behind hanging remains unfolded unless the victims leave a suicidal note. In the present study, the psychodynamic factors of hanging were assessed among the survivors of suicidal hanging.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted at S.C.B Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, India, over a period of three years. Eighty-two individuals admitted in medicine ward of this tertiary care hospital to receive treatment for the complications as a sequel of hanging and willing to participate in study were included after obtaining informed consent. The information was recorded in a pre-designed pro forma.

Results:

Subjects from rural areas (87.8%) and low socio-economic backgrounds (67.1%) attempted suicide more often. Most of the victims were in the age group of 21–30 years, followed by less than 20 years. The most common cause of attempted suicide by hanging was family-related issues, and mainly by immediately available materials like dupattas, saree, lungi, and other fabrics. Females in rural areas and males from urban areas attempted suicide by hanging in significantly higher proportions (P = 0.041).

Conclusion:

Most people commit suicide at a younger age due to failure to cope with the different stressful situations. The most common reason for attempted suicide by hanging was family-related issues. Early intervention in family disputes in developing countries, especially in younger individuals, may help to curb suicide.
Understanding challenges related to menstrual hygiene management: Knowledge and practices among the adolescent girls in urban slums of Jaipur, India
Authors: Prasad Rajnish R. , Dwivedi Hemant , Shetye Mrunal
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with knowledge and practices related to menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in urban slums in Jaipur, India.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study among 417 adolescent girls was conducted. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze the data and determine the associated factors.

Findings:

Only 48.7% of girls had a correct understanding of menstruation. In addition, 55.1% of the menstruating girls had faced health problems related to mensuration in the last 6 months; however, only 47.6% visited a health facility for treatment. Educational status of the girl (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.88–4.06), mother’s education (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.30–3.67) and income (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.67–3.95), father’s income (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.76–2.95), and counseling by field health workers (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.23–3.51) were found to be associated with knowledge about menstruation. Girl’s education (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.74–2.95), mother’s education (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.7–2.84) and income (AOR = 1.314, 95% CI = 0.44–2.02), father’s education (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.55–3.08) and income (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.86–3.28), and counseling by field health workers (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 0.76–2.64) were found to be associated with the type of absorbents used.

Conclusion:

The findings from the study show that the awareness about mensuration and utilization of health services among adolescent girls is low. There is a need to create an enabling environment for girls to access knowledge and health services related to menstruation by creating awareness at the community level, strengthening outreach by field health workers, and ensuring privacy in healthcare facilities.
Perception, acceptance, and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines: Insights from Indian population
Authors: Kumawat Rajani , Nimesh Archana , Jalandra Ramniwas , Agrawal Sandeep , Srinivas H , Ahirwar Ashok K.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Vaccination has been pivotal in eradicating numerous infectious diseases. Nonetheless, concerns about the safety and side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine persist. This study aimed to gauge the perceptions and experiences of the Indian population concerning COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional survey of 313 participants aged 18 and above from diverse regions in India. Data was sourced using an electronic questionnaire disseminated via Google Forms. The survey evaluated demographics, vaccine awareness, attitudes, and side effects post-vaccination with Covishield and Covaxin.

Results:

22.6% of participants exhibited vaccine hesitancy; however, 78.3% believed the advantages superseded the risks. Most participants (81.5%) were aware of vaccine side effects. Most of the Indian respondents (97.1%) accepted the COVID-19 vaccine. Post-vaccination, 27.9% experienced adverse effects such as fever, headache, malaise, dizziness, and pain at the local site. Only 1.3% necessitated hospitalization.

Conclusion:

Our study underscores the dichotomy between vaccine apprehensions and real-world experiences. Although concerns surrounding vaccine safety were prevalent, the majority of the Indian respondents (97.1%) accepted the COVID-19 vaccine, with most experiencing only transient, mild side effects. While 22.6% initially exhibited hesitancy, primarily due to misinformation, the actual experience post-vaccination was largely positive. To further address hesitancy, streamlined vaccine awareness campaigns emphasizing the safety and efficacy of vaccination are essential.
Auto-immune pancreatitis with unusual presentations – A case series
Authors: Girish Muppa Indrakeela , Dahale Amol S. , Banerjee Debabrata , Bhate Prasad , Karad Abhijeet
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Auto-immune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare benign disease commonly presented with painless obstructive jaundice and biliary obstruction with rare complications like pseudocyst. We present a case series of two patients of AIP with unusual presentations; one case presented with periorbital swelling, jaundice, and pseudocyst, and the other case presented with abdominal pain and biliary obstruction without jaundice; both showed good response with steroids.
Trazodone-related oromandibular dyskinesia
Authors: Schneider Alan L.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This is a report of a series of three cases of trazodone-induced oral lingual dyskinesias. Each case demonstrated a distinct pattern of the development of this dyskinesia after trazodone exposure for several months. All cases showed abrupt cessation of the movement disorder when the drug was discontinued. Two of the three cases had no prior exposure to any dopamine-blocking agents. One of the three had a distant exposure to a dopamine antagonist. Trazodone has a mechanism of action that can account for both the development and treatment of dyskinetic movements. This article will discuss proposed mechanisms for trazodone’s action with an emphasis on case reports of dystonic movements being more prevalent in the elderly.
Surgical management of posttraumatic thoracolumbar Kyphosis: A review
Authors: Alsayed Mokhtar A. , Elaal Mohamed Abd
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Kyphosis is a condition in which there is a curvature of the spine that causes a bowing of the back, which in turn leads to slouching posture or hunchback. There are several types of Kyphosis, including posttraumatic Kyphosis, which usually occurs in the thoracic region. There are several techniques used for the surgical management of posttraumatic thoracolumbar Kyphosis. We aimed to discuss the surgical treatment of posttraumatic thoracolumbar Kyphosis. We searched for articles included in this review through scientific websites using different keywords. The articles were chosen based on inclusion criteria. The articles included in this review were published between 2006 and 2018. The review was written under titles in the discussion part. The outcome of the surgical management of posttraumatic thoracolumbar Kyphosis depends on the accurate selection of the proper surgical approach.
Aberrant expression of CD markers in AML in patients attending RIMS, Ranchi - An observational study
Authors: Ranjan Amit , Mahto Sunil K. , Anand Nicky , Barla Nidhi P. A.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a tumour of hematopoietic progenitors caused by acquired oncogenic mutations that impede differentiation, leading to the accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the marrow. Aberrant phenotype is a phenomenon in which lymphoid-associated and other myeloid lineage markers are expressed in myeloblasts or myeloid-associated markers are expressed in lymphoblasts.

Materials and Methods:

Diagnosed cases of AML were included in this study to study the aberrant expression using multiparametric flow cytometry.

Results:

Out of a sample size of 50, 30 cases expressed aberrant CD markers. Male: Female ratio was 0.76. Majority of cases belonged to the age group >60 years of age. CD 7 was overall the most common aberrant CD marker.

Conclusion:

Immunophenotyping has a significant role in diagnosis and predicting prognosis of hematopoietic malignancies in the absence of more advanced diagnostic tools like cytogenetics.
Clinical Characteristics of Celiac Disease Patients in Qassim Region
Authors: Alfawaz Mohammed , Alkhiari Resheed , Albuhayjani Abdulaziz Abdulrahman , Albarrak Abdulmajeed , Alharbi Muath Yousef , Aldubaiyan Adi Abdulaziz R , Alkharraz Abdullah Hamad , Alolayan Omar Abdulaziz , Alrasheedi Omar , Almutairi Nawaf , Aljehani Faisal , Alsolami Enad , Alghamdi Waleed , Jawa Hani
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

It is well known that celiac disease has a negative influence on patients’ health and quality of life. It has a wide range of presentation from symptomless to multiple organ dysfunction but mainly gastrointestinal symptoms. Consequently, it is considered a main cause of mortality, morbidity, and health burden. We aim to evaluate the quality of life affected in gluten-free diet and to identify the serological characteristics of celiac disease patients in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia and King Fahad Specialist Hospital.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional-based study conducted in King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia, composed of 58 patients with celiac disease for 9 years between August 2011 and August 2020.

Results:

Fifty-eight patents were included (79.3% females and 65.5% married), who were divided according to their ages into five groups. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and/or weight loss were the major patient complaints. A total of 64% of the patients had a +ve (tTG) IgA test at the time of diagnosis, while 17% were -ve. Of the studied patients, 78% reported that they had undergone a duodenal biopsy sampling. No other significant abnormalities were detected between females and males or among the five diagnosed age groups.

Conclusion:

Patients with celiac disease reported poor health-related quality of life across the board. However, social interaction, emotional role functioning, and emotional well-being were the most important factors.