bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compression and energy absorption characteristics of short fiber‐reinforced 2D composite lattices made by material extrusion
Authors: Kim Seokpum , Nasirov Aslan , Pokkalla Deepak Kumar , Kishore Vidya , Smith Tyler , Duty Chad , Kunc Vlastimil
Published: June 2023

With the advent of additive manufacturing, lattice structures have been of increasing interest for engineering applications involving light‐weighting and energy absorption. Several studies have investigated mechanical properties of various lattices made up of mostly unreinforced polymers and lack numerical analysis for reinforced lattice structures. In this paper, mechanical response of short fiber reinforced lattice structures under compression is investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. Three different 2D lattices namely, square grid, honeycomb, and isogrid along with their rotated counterparts were fabricated using 15% wt carbon fiber‐acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and experimentally evaluated through uniaxial compression testing up to 30% strain. As simulations on fiber‐reinforced lattices under large compressive strains are rarely performed and published, finite element models accounting for fiber orientation induced anisotropic mechanical properties and geometrical imperfections were developed to predict the stress–strain characteristics up to 30% compressive strains. The stress–strain curves predicted from the numerical simulations matches well with the experimental responses for various lattice geometries. Various failure mechanisms such as thin strut buckling, contact within the lattice, and fracture of struts under large deformation were investigated. Analyzing energy absorption characteristics of these lattices revealed that the honeycomb structures in horizontal configuration exhibits superior energy absorption capability.
A framework for managing ethics in data science projects
Authors: Parthasarathy Sudhaman , Panigrahi Prabin Kumar , Subramanian Girish H.
Published: June 2023

The field of data ethics is concerned with the ethical considerations surrounding data, algorithms, and associated practices, with the aim of identifying ethical solutions. The application of ethical principles to the handling of data, algorithms, and practices can facilitate the identification and delineation of ethical quandaries within the domain of data science. The present study focuses on the topic of data ethics, specifically pertaining to the processes of data collection, data model construction, evaluation, and deployment. This study introduces a comprehensive framework designed to facilitate the management of ethical considerations in data science projects. In order to authenticate the framework, a case study was conducted and our perspectives on its practical implementation were presented. The description of the scope of future research is also provided.
A new era for myelin research in Neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: de Blank Peter , Nishiyama Akiko , López‐Juárez Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Evidence for myelin regulating higher‐order brain function and disease is rapidly accumulating; however, defining cellular/molecular mechanisms remains challenging partially due to the dynamic brain physiology involving deep changes during development, aging, and in response to learning and disease. Furthermore, as the etiology of most neurological conditions remains obscure, most research models focus on mimicking symptoms, which limits understanding of their molecular onset and progression. Studying diseases caused by single gene mutations represents an opportunity to understand brain dys/function, including those regulated by myelin. Here, we discuss known and potential repercussions of abnormal central myelin on the neuropathophysiology of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Most patients with this monogenic disease present with neurological symptoms diverse in kind, severity, and onset/decline, including learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, motor coordination issues, and increased risk for depression and dementia. Coincidentally, most NF1 patients show diverse white matter/myelin abnormalities. Although myelin‐behavior links were proposed decades ago, no solid data can prove or refute this idea yet. A recent upsurge in myelin biology understanding and research/therapeutic tools provides opportunities to address this debate. As precision medicine moves forward, an integrative understanding of all cell types disrupted in neurological conditions becomes a priority. Hence, this review aims to serve as a bridge between fundamental cellular/molecular myelin biology and clinical research in NF1.
Sustainment of continuous pulse oximetry deimplementation: Analysis of Eliminating Monitor Overuse study data from six hospitals
Authors: Faerber Jennifer A. , Xiao Rui , Makeneni Spandana , Schisterman Enrique F. , Brady Patrick W. , Schondelmeyer Amanda C. , Landrigan Christopher P. , Lucey Kate , Lee Vivian , Gregory Polina F. , Prasto Julianne , Parthasarathy Padmavathy , Greenfield Morgan , Solomon Courtney , Brent Canita R. , Albanowski Kimberly , Beidas Rinad S. , Bonafide Christopher P. ,   For the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network
Published: June 2023

Using continuous pulse oximetry (cSpO2) to monitor children with bronchiolitis who are not receiving supplemental oxygen is a form of medical overuse. In this longitudinal analysis from the Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) study, we aimed to assess changes in cSpO2 overuse before, during, and after intensive cSpO2‐deimplementation efforts in six hospitals. Monitoring data were collected during three phases: “P1” baseline, “P2” active deimplementation (all sites engaged in education and audit and feedback strategies), and “P3” sustainment (a new baseline measured after strategies were withdrawn). Two thousand and fifty‐three observations were analyzed. We found that each hospital experienced reductions during active deimplementation (P2), with overall adjusted cSpO2 overuse decreasing from 53%, 95% confidence interval (CI): (49–57) to 22%, 95% CI: (19–25) between P1 and P2. However, following the withdrawal of deimplementation strategies, overuse rebounded in all six sites, with overall adjusted cSpO2 overuse increasing to 37%, 95% CI: (33–41) in P3.
Postoperative complications in women with ovarian cancer stratified by cytoreductive surgery outcome
Authors: Polan Rosa M. , Slota Jennifer M. , Barber Emma L.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare 30‐day postoperative complications for patients with advanced ovarian cancer who underwent resection to no gross residual disease versus optimal and suboptimal cytoreduction.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of women drawn from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program who underwent cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer between 2014 and 2019 was performed. Exposure of interest was extent of surgical resection defined as no gross residual disease; residual disease <1 cm (optimal); and residual disease >1 cm (suboptimal). Primary outcome was postoperative complication. Associations were examined with bivariable tests and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

A total of 2248 women underwent cytoreductive surgery; 68.4% (n = 1538) underwent resection to no gross residual disease, 22.4% (n = 504) had an optimal, and 9.2% (n = 206) had a suboptimal cytoreduction. Optimal cytoreduction patients had the highest rates of any postoperative complication (35.5%, p < 0.001). They also had the longest operative times and procedures that were most surgically complex (203 min, 43.6 relative value units, both p < 0.05). However, patients who underwent optimal cytoreduction did not have increased odds of major complications (adjusted odds ratio: 1.20, 95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.58).

Conclusion

Patients who underwent optimal cytoreduction had more postoperative complications, required the most operating room time, and represented more complex surgeries compared with suboptimal cytoreduction or resection to no gross residual disease.
ZIF‐8 Based Active Wound Dressing for pH Modulation and pH‐Responsive Delivery of Curcumin and Zn2+: Effect of Acidity on the Drug Release for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Efficacy
Authors: Jung Seojin , Chang Seokhee , Kim Na‐Eun , Song Yoon‐Jae , Kim Jooyoun
Published: June 2023

A wound evolves with variable pHs depending on the healing stage, and the maintenance of mild acidic condition can help healing by deterring the formation of a biofilm. Herein, a dual‐layer wound dressing with an acid‐responsive zeolitic imidazolate framework–8 (ZIF‐8) layer and an acid‐modulating layer is designed to control the acid‐dependent release of therapeutic agents for the improved healing process. The outer dressing layer is coated with curcumin‐incorporated ZIF‐8, where curcumin and zinc ions are released upon dissociation of ZIF‐8 in an acidic condition. The inner layer, a pH modulator, is fabricated by electrospinning polyvinylpyrrolidone with addition of acetic acid. In vitro release test shows that the outer layer dressing attains a considerably higher release of curcumin and Zn2+ under an acidic condition. Combined with the inner acidic layer, the dual layer dressing exhibits facilitated release of effective agents regardless of environmental pHs, attributed to the proper pH modulation to about 6.5. The anti‐oxidant activity of curcumin and antibacterial activity of Zn2+ are confirmed. The study highlights the novel proof‐of‐concept design of active wound dressing demonstrating the dual functions of pH regulation and the stimulus‐responsive drug delivery.
AAPM Task Group Report 307: Use of EPIDs for Patient‐Specific IMRT and VMAT QA
Authors: Dogan Nesrin , Mijnheer Ben J. , Padgett Kyle , Nalichowski Adrian , Wu Chuan , Nyflot Matthew J. , Olch Arthur J. , Papanikolaou Niko , Shi Jie , Holmes Shannon M. , Moran Jean , Greer Peter B.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) have been widely utilized for patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) and their use for transit dosimetry applications is emerging. Yet there are no specific guidelines on the potential uses, limitations, and correct utilization of EPIDs for these purposes. The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 307 (TG‐307) provides a comprehensive review of the physics, modeling, algorithms and clinical experience with EPID‐based pre‐treatment and transit dosimetry techniques. This review also includes the limitations and challenges in the clinical implementation of EPIDs, including recommendations for commissioning, calibration and validation, routine QA, tolerance levels for gamma analysis and risk‐based analysis.

Methods

Characteristics of the currently available EPID systems and EPID‐based PSQA techniques are reviewed. The details of the physics, modeling, and algorithms for both pre‐treatment and transit dosimetry methods are discussed, including clinical experience with different EPID dosimetry systems. Commissioning, calibration, and validation, tolerance levels and recommended tests, are reviewed, and analyzed. Risk‐based analysis for EPID dosimetry is also addressed.

Results

Clinical experience, commissioning methods and tolerances for EPID‐based PSQA system are described for pre‐treatment and transit dosimetry applications. The sensitivity, specificity, and clinical results for EPID dosimetry techniques are presented as well as examples of patient‐related and machine‐related error detection by these dosimetry solutions. Limitations and challenges in clinical implementation of EPIDs for dosimetric purposes are discussed and acceptance and rejection criteria are outlined. Potential causes of and evaluations of pre‐treatment and transit dosimetry failures are discussed. Guidelines and recommendations developed in this report are based on the extensive published data on EPID QA along with the clinical experience of the TG‐307 members.

Conclusion

TG‐307 focused on the commercially available EPID‐based dosimetric tools and provides guidance for medical physicists in the clinical implementation of EPID‐based patient‐specific pre‐treatment and transit dosimetry QA solutions including intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatments.
A priori error estimates of two monolithic schemes for Biot's consolidation model
Authors: Gu Huipeng , Cai Mingchao , Li Jingzhi , Ju Guoliang
Published: June 2023

This paper concentrates on a priori error estimates of two monolithic schemes for Biot's consolidation model based on the three‐field formulation introduced by Oyarzúa et al. (SIAM J Numer Anal, 2016). The spatial discretizations are based on the Taylor–Hood finite elements combined with Lagrange elements for the three primary variables. We employ two different schemes to discretize the time domain. One uses the backward Euler method, and the other applies the combination of the backward Euler and Crank‐Nicolson methods. A priori error estimates show that both schemes are unconditionally convergent with optimal error orders. Detailed numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.
Single‐Ion Anisotropy Effect on the Critical and Hysteresis Behaviors of a Mixed‐Spin (1, 3/2) Square Ising Nanowire
Authors: Jalal El Mostafa , Saadi Hasnae , Hasnaoui Abdellatif , Hachem Ouafa , Lafhal Amer , Madani Mohamed , El Bouziani Mohammed
Published: June 2023

The effect of single‐ion anisotropy is investigated on a mixed‐spin (1, 3/2) square Ising nanowire with square ferromagnetic shell and negative core–shell exchange coupling using Monte Carlo simulation. Depending on the Hamiltonian parameters, three different topologies of the phase diagram in the (anisotropy, temperature) plane are found. The tricritical point appears for and effects. For influence of , there is no tricritical point in the phase diagram. The first‐order lines and critical endpoints are also obtained. Some important phenomena such as compensation behavior and rich variety of hysteresis loops are found. The results can be compared with other works, in particular on the nanowire with core–shell structure.
No Impact of Disease Duration on Response to Tildrakizumab Treatment Among Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: Post Hoc Analyses from Two Phase 3 (Resurface 1 and Resurface 2) and One Phase 4 (Tribute) Studies
Authors: Griss Johannes , Ratzinger Gudrun , Maul Julia-Tatjana , Weger Wolfgang , Thaçi Diamant , Carrascosa José Manuel , Jonak Constanze
Published: June 2023

In the literature there is no consensus on the correlation between early systemic intervention and better treatment response in psoriasis. Here we present data on the impact of disease duration (<5 years, 5-<10 years, and ≥10 years) on response to tildrakizumab treatment among patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis from the reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2 phase 3 trials and the TRIBUTE phase 4 study. Overall, there was no significant effect of disease duration on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ≤1, ≤3, and ≤5, or the Dermatology Life Quality Index 0-1 response rates. Tildrakizumab was highly effective regardless of the psoriasis disease duration.
Synthesis and Broadband Photodetection of a P‐Type 1D Van der Waals Semiconductor HfSnS3
Authors: Lu Yang , Yu Wenzhi , Zhang Yan , Zhang Junrong , Chen Cheng , Dai Yongping , Hou Xingang , Dong Zhuo , Yang Liu , Fang Long , Huang Luyi , Lin Shenghuang , Wang Junyong , Wang Jun , Li Jie , Zhang Kai
Published: June 2023

1D van der Waals (vdW) materials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their giant anisotropic and weak interlayer‐coupled characters. More 1D vdW materials are urgently to be exploited for satisfying the practice requirement. Herein, the study of 1D vdW ternary HfSnS3 high‐quality single crystals grown via the chemical vapor transport technique is reported. The Raman vibration modes and band structure of HfSnS3 are analyzed via DFT calculations. Its strong in‐plane anisotropic is verified by the polarized Raman spectroscopy. The field‐effect transistors (FETs) based on the HfSnS3 nanowires demonstrate p‐type semiconducting behavior as well as outstanding photoresponse in a broadband range from UV to near‐infrared (NIR) with short response times of ≈0.355 ms, high responsivity of ≈11.5 A W−1, detectivity of ≈8.2 × 1011, external quantum efficiency of 2739%, excellent environmental stability, and repeatability. Furthermore, a typical photoconductivity effect of the photodetector is illustrated. These comprehensive characteristics can promote the application of the p‐type 1D vdW material HfSnS3 in optoelectronics.
Regulating Zinc Storage Behaviors of Tunnel Structure Cathodes Via Tungsten Induction
Authors: Ding Junwei , Zhao Jianan , Zhao Kang , Wang Shiwen , Wu Shide , Fang Shaoming
Published: June 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have received continuous interests because of applying low‐cost and eco‐friendly aqueous electrolytes and having high safety. Beyond energetically to explore new‐type cathode materials, it is of great significance to regulate the zinc storage behavior of the existing cathodes in order to understand the underlying working mechanism. Therefore, as a proof of concept, this work achieves the regulation of zinc storage behaviors of the tunnel structure tunnel structure B‐phase vanadium dioxide (VO2(B)) and vanadium oxide (V6O13) cathodes via a simple chemical tungsten‐doping induction approach. Under low‐concentration tungsten‐doping induction of 1, 2 and 3 at.%, the tunnel sizes of VO2(B) can be controlled readily. Moreover, the V6O13 with large size tunnels can be achieved by medium‐concentration tungsten induction of 6 and 9 at.%. It is demonstrated that tungsten induced VO2(B) can achieve zinc storage without lattice structure change via operando X‐ray diffraction analyses. Remarkably, via operando and non‐operando analyses, tungsten induced V6O13 with lager size tunnels can realize the oriented 1D zinc ion intercalation/deintercalation. The further kinetics analysis shows that the zinc storage is mainly diffusion control, which is different from most of vanadium‐based cathodes with capacitance control. This viable tungsten‐doping induction strategy provides a new insight into achieving the controllable regulation of zinc storage behaviors.
All Printed Photoanode/Photovoltaic Mini‐Module for Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Zhenhua , Chen Lang , Brabec Christoph J. , Guo Fei
Published: June 2023

Printing a large‐area bismuth vanadate photoanode offers a promising approach for cost‐effective photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, the light absorption trade‐off with charge transfer, as well as stability issues always lead to poor PEC efficiency. Here, the solution‐processed recipe is advanced with BiI3 dopant for the printed deposition with controllable crystal growth. The resultant BiVO4 films prefer (001) orientation with nanorod feature on substrate, allowing a faster charge transfer and improved photocurrent. The BiVO4 photoanode in tandem with perovskite solar module delivers an operating photocurrent density of 5.88 mA cm−2 at zero bias in 3.11 cm2 active area under AM 1.5 G illumination, yielding a solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency as high as 7.02% for unbiased water splitting. Equally important, the stability of the aged BiVO4 rods has been addressed to distinguish phase segregation at surface. The photocatalysis degradation composes of vanadium loss and Bi2O3 enriching at the surface, opening a lid on the long‐term stability of BiVO4 photoanodes.
Relationships of in vivo brain norepinephrine transporter and age, BMI, and gender
Authors: Koohsari Sheida , Sadabad Faranak Ebrahimian , Pittman Brian , Gallezot Jean‐Dominque , Carson Richard E. , van Dyck Christopher H. , Li Chiang‐shan R. , Potenza Marc N. , Matuskey David
Published: June 2023

Previous research reported an age‐related decline in brain norepinephrine transporter (NET) using (S, S)‐[11C]O‐methylreboxetine ([11C]MRB) as a radiotracer. Studies with the same tracer have been mixed in regard to differences related to body mass index (BMI). Here, we investigated potential age‐, BMI‐, and gender‐related differences in brain NET availability using [11C]MRB, the most selective available radiotracer. Forty‐three healthy participants (20 females, 23 males; age range 18–49 years), including 12 individuals with normal/lean weight, 15 with overweight, and 16 with obesity were scanned with [11C]MRB using a positron emission tomography (PET) high‐resolution research tomograph (HRRT). We evaluated binding potential (BPND) in brain regions with high NET availability using multilinear reference tissue model 2 (MRTM2) with the occipital cortex as a reference region. Brain regions were delineated with a defined anatomic template applied to subjects' structural MR scans.

We found a negative association between age and NET availability in the locus coeruleus, raphe nucleus, and hypothalamus, with a 17%, 19%, and 14% decrease per decade, respectively, in each region. No gender or BMI relationships with NET availability were observed. Our findings suggest an age‐related decline, but no BMI‐ or gender‐related differences, in NET availability in healthy adults.
Convergence rates for ansatz‐free data‐driven inference in physically constrained problems
Authors: Conti Sergio , Hoffmann Franca , Ortiz Michael
Published: June 2023

We study a Data‐Driven approach to inference in physical systems in a measure‐theoretic framework. The systems under consideration are characterized by two measures defined over the phase space: (i) A physical likelihood measure expressing the likelihood that a state of the system be admissible, in the sense of satisfying all governing physical laws; (ii) A material likelihood measure expressing the likelihood that a local state of the material be observed in the laboratory. We assume deterministic loading, which means that the first measure is supported on a linear subspace. We additionally assume that the second measure is only known approximately through a sequence of empirical (discrete) measures. We develop a method for the quantitative analysis of convergence based on the flat metric and obtain error bounds both for annealing and the discretization or sampling procedure, leading to the determination of appropriate quantitative annealing rates. Finally, we provide an example illustrating the application of the theory to transportation networks.
Immersive Facility Management—A Methodological Approach Based on BIM and Mixed Reality for Training and Maintenance Operations
Authors: Agostinelli Sofia , Nastasi Benedetto
Published: June 2023

Innovation technology in industries including manufacturing and aerospace is moving toward the use of Mixed Reality (MR) and advanced tools while Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector is still remaining behind it. Moreover, the use of immersive technologies in the AEC digital education, as well as for professional training, is still little considered. Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR/MR) have the capability to provide a “X-ray vision”, showing hidden objects in a virtual/real overlay. This feature in the digital object visualization is extremely valuable for improving operation performance and maintenance activities. The present study gives an overview of literature about the methodologies to integrate virtual technologies such as AR/MR and Building Information Modeling (BIM) to provide an immersive technology framework for training purposes together with the Digital Twin Model (DTM)-based approach. Furthermore, the Facility Management (FM) tasks’ training on complex building systems can benefit from a virtual learning approach since it provides a collaborative environment enhancing and optimizing efficiency and productivity in FM learning strategies. For this purpose, the technological feasibility is analyzed in the proposed case study, focusing on the realization of a methodological framework prototype of immersive and interactive environment for building systems’ FM. Cloud computing technologies able to deal with complex and extensive information databases and to support users’ navigation in geo-referenced and immersive virtual interfaces are included as well. Those ones enable the DTM-based operation for building maintenance both in real-time FM operators’ training and FM tasks’ optimization.
Digital Infrastructure for Student Accommodation in European University Cities: The “HOME” Project
Authors: Bellini Oscar Eugenio , Gambaro Matteo , Gullace Maria Teresa , Arcieri Marianna , Benito Carla Álvarez , Rommane Sabri Ben , Boon Steven , Figueira Maria F.
Published: June 2023

Finding reliable and safe accommodation is a key obstacle to students’ international mobility. While the European Commission plans a tri-fold increase of Erasmus+ participants by 2027, allowing international students to get suitable accommodation remains one of the main difficulties encountered during the mobility experience. European Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are unable to cover the majority of student accommodation demand. Indeed, as stated by Eurostudent VII Report, only 17% of students in Europe find home abroad in student accommodation facilities. Moreover, in accordance with the Erasmus+ Impact Study 2019, 23% of the students involved in the survey considered very important to have support in finding accommodation abroad during mobility along with insurance and other practical aspects. This contribution explores the first results of the European project HOME (Home of Mobile Europeans). The project, currently ongoing, is funded by the 2019 Key Action 2 Erasmus+ call and developed by six European partners. According to the digital transition planned by the Erasmus+ Programme, HOME supports EU mobility by providing students and trainees with a digitalized infrastructure that integrates the search for accommodation within existing European digital mobility initiatives, such as the Erasmus+ App. Moreover the project defines a set of living “quality labels” to increase the transparency of information about accommodation offer at the European level. Furthermore, educational resources and a training toolkit will be available, in the HOME website, to spread and replicate the project’s learnings results. Once operational, HOME will represent an essential digital solution for a more accessible and quality student accommodation offer.
A “Stepping Stone” Approach to Exploiting Urban Density
Authors: De Martino Raffaela , Franchino Rossella , Frettoloso Caterina
Published: June 2023

Currently, there is an increasing need to use ecological-environmental strategies that can contribute to human well-being and biodiversity in urban contexts that are complex systems with an increasingly diverse demand for ecosystem services. This becomes important especially for areas with high urban density which are those that determine the greatest impacts. Recent studies have related the increase of the COVID-19 pandemic to urban density, and the results seem to converge on the hypothesis that the lack of availability of urban space and high population concentration are factors contributing to the spread of disease. However, density constitutes both a problem and an opportunity to creating open spaces on a human scale, favoring the development and articulation of spaces that can more easily creep in and create the necessary conditions both for functional and environmental improvement and for mending the built environment. A dense environment suggests to work according to new logics that, starting from the optimization of existing spaces able to provide ecosystem services, experiment especially the “micro” and “interconnected” formula. The issue of interconnection in cities is complex as the continuity of connections, necessary to ensure the reticularity of spaces, is often inhibited by urban density. The idea is to replace the “structural continuity” with a “functional continuity” according to the “stepping stones” approach, borrowed from the ecology of the landscape. In analogy to the ecological networks approach, therefore, it is proposed to use this logic to enhance existing open spaces and create new ones with the aim of implementing overall urban quality.
Gerinnungsdiagnostik bei Kindeswohlgefährdung
Authors: Olivieri M. , Halimeh S. , Knöfler R. ,   die Ständige Kommission Pädiatrie der Gesellschaft für Thrombose und Hämostaseforschung e. V. (GTH)
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Die Abklärung unklarer Blutungen bei Verdacht auf Kindeswohlgefährdung mit der Differenzialdiagnostik einer möglicherweise zugrunde liegenden Gerinnungsstörung, aber auch anderer Erkrankungen mit Blutungsneigung und die Interpretation der dafür notwendigen breiten Palette erhobener Laborbefunde stellen Fachkräfte immer wieder vor große Herausforderungen.

Fragestellung und Methodik

Im Rahmen eines Delphi-Verfahrens wurden 15 Empfehlungen zu hämostaseologischer Mitbeurteilung und Diagnostik bei nichtakzidentellen Blutungssymptomen durch die Mitglieder der Ständigen Kommission Pädiatrie der Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung e. V. (GTH) konsertiert; diese ergänzen die S3-Leitlinie „Kindesmisshandlung“ der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF).

Schlussfolgerung

Für 14 Empfehlungen konnte ein Konsens (≥ 75 %ige Zustimmung) erreicht werden. Stets sollten eine standardisierte Anamnese und weiterführende Diagnostik durchgeführt werden. Milde erworbene oder angeborene Gerinnungsstörungen führen weder spontan noch im Rahmen von Bagatelltraumata zu bedrohlichen Blutungen, wie z. B. einer Hirnblutung. Die für das Schütteltrauma typischen retinalen Blutungen sind kein Symptom angeborener oder erworbener Gerinnungsstörungen.
Cross-disciplinary system value overview towards value-oriented design
Authors: Lavi Emilia , Reich Yoram
Published: June 2023

Systems design methods should aim for systems creating value. The decision-making processes in system engineering struggle to optimize this objective; however, even though the traditional concept of system value as a purely economic metric is recognized as deficient, a well-defined and standard conceptualization of comprehensive system value is still lacking. This study set out to facilitate different stakeholders, involved in developing systems, with a broad perspective on value. We define the system value as the system's holistic impact, encompassing the multi-domain effects on processes, environments, and stakeholders. This inclusive view, to be used by practitioners designing systems and policies, is expected to update existing practices and enhance resulting systems. This paper renders an extensive review of value references in multiple domains, both in system engineering and external, non-engineering, disciplines, and sets the foundation for a revised framing of value in systems engineering. To enable future applications for systems optimization, system value is thoroughly characterized, including its dependency on internal and external factors. This research lays the groundwork for problem formulation of a system value measure, its application in system engineering methods, and further analysis of the subject, both for engineered and non-technical systems.
Numerical assessment of interstand tensions in continuous hot rolling processes of flat and long products
Authors: Overhagen Christian
Published: June 2023

The paper deals with the calculation of interstand tensions in continuous rolling mills.In the rolling mill industry, continuous measurement and data collection of roll forces, roll torques, temperatures and roll velocities is possible. However, the important process parameter of interstand tensions is not directly measurable and no direct calculation of the interstand tensions is possible. The interstand tensions couple the effects of subsequent roll gaps and should therefore by known for a holistic recalculation of the process. It is straightforward to calculate the effects of the tensions on roll forces, torques and the stock velocity. The inverse problem of calculating the acting interstand tensions including their effects from the process parameters is of greater interest but also of a higher complexity, because the interactions between all the stands in the rolling mill must be regarded. The present paper aims at filling this research gap by presenting a mathematical model to solve the inverse problem by a linearization of the tensions influences in the rolling mill. The present model does not require measured roll forces or torques to find the interstand tensions, only the rotational velocities of the rolls and the rolling parameters (material, temperature, pass schedule or pass design) must be known. Tension-dependent spread is considered by an empirical sub-model. Results are shown for the tension distributions in strip and rod mills. The results indicate that the present friction conditions and the entry size of the rolled stock have a high impact on the tension distributions.
A Modified Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty: Tarsus Linkage Mechanism
Authors: Lu Xin , Ye Yunyan , Qian Yuxian
Published: June 2023

Background

Double-eyelid blepharoplasty is the most popular plastic surgery in East Asia. The incisional methods are divided into two schools. The traditional method produces a stable eyelid, but will leave a postoperative scar. The other is represented by “Park,” creating dynamic double-eyelid technology. Its advantage is that there is only mild scarring, but its disadvantages are asymmetry, corneal exposure, and loss of the palpebral furrow. Due to these various complications, we here propose an improved incisional blepharoplasty with the tarsus linkage mechanism.

Methods

This work covers 482 patients who underwent surgery from March 2018 to March 2022. All patients completed 6 months of postoperative follow-up. The basic procedure described here involves removing the pre-tarsal tissue without completely incising the orbicularis and suturing the orbicularis and the tarsus into a unit. This connection provides a more robust and stable eyelid adhesion.

Results

As reported by physicians, 412 patients (85.5%) had satisfactory results, 69 patients (14.3%) had somewhat satisfactory results, and 1 patient (0.2%) had unsatisfactory results. As reported by the patients, 424 patients (88.0%) were satisfied, 57 patients (11.8%) were somewhat satisfied, and 1 patient (0.2%) was unsatisfied.

Conclusion

This study proposes a modified double-eyelid blepharoplasty with the tarsus linkage mechanism. It is suitable for most primary eye cases, particularly in patients with lax upper lid skin and high levels of upper orbital fat.

Level of Evidence V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
The Identified Skeletal Collection of the School of Legal Medicine: a contemporary osteological collection housed in Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Authors: Villoria Rojas Catherine , Mata Tutor Pilar , Labajo González Elena , Perea Pérez Bernardo , Santiago Sáez Andrés , García Velasco María , Mansour Cindy , Benito Sánchez María
Published: June 2023

Abstra

Osteological collections are an important resource for the development of methods to assist in the study of skeletal remains in archeological and/or forensic contexts. The aim is to describe the current characteristics of the Identified Skeletal Collection of the School of Legal Medicine and its historical context. The Identified Skeletal Collection of the School of Legal Medicine of the Complutense University of Madrid consists of 138 male and 95 female individuals, born between 1880 and 1980 and deceased between 1970 and 2009. The minimum age of the sample is perinatal and the maximum age is 97 years. The collection is an essential tool for forensic research, given that its population characteristics can be extrapolated to those of present-day Spain. Access to this collection offers unique teaching opportunities as well as provides the information necessary to develop various lines of research.
Prevalence of chronic and multisite pain in adolescents and young adults with ADHD: a comparative study between clinical and general population samples (the HUNT study)
Authors: Mundal Ingunn , Schei Jorun , Lydersen Stian , Thomsen Per Hove , Nøvik Torunn Stene , Kvitland Levi R.
Published: June 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and chronic pain are prevalent and associated. We examined the prevalence and distribution of chronic pain in adolescents and young adults with ADHD using 9-years longitudinal data (from T1:2009–2011 to T3:2018–2019) with three time points from a clinical health survey compared to two age-matched reference population-based samples. Mixed-effect logistic regression and binary linear regression were used to estimate the probability for chronic and multisite pain at each time point and to compare the prevalence of chronic pain with the reference populations. The prevalence of chronic and multisite pain was high in those with ADHD, especially in female young adults, with highly prevalent chronic pain at 9 years of follow-up (75.9%) compared to 45.7% in females in the reference population. The probability of having pain was only statistically significant for chronic pain in males at 3 years of follow-up (41.9%, p = 0.021). Those with ADHD were at higher risk of reporting single-site and multisite pain compared to the general population at all measurement points. Longitudinal studies should be tailored to further understand the complex sex differences of comorbid chronic pain and ADHD in adolescents, exploring predictive factors of pain assessing long-term associations with bodyweight, psychiatric comorbidities, and possible mechanisms of stimulant use effects on pain.
Controlling the nitrogen environment for optimal Rhodomonas salina production
Authors: Fichtbauer Antonia , Temmink Ralph J. M. , La Russa Marco
Published: June 2023

The microalga Rhodomonas salina is a widely used species for rearing live feed organisms in the aquaculture feed market. A species-specific medium is an essential step towards enhancing productivity and decreasing production costs for microalgae cultivation. However, relevant aspects of medium composition such as nitrogen source and elemental ratio have not yet been characterized for this alga. This study aimed to optimize the following three aspects of culture media: 1) optimal ratio between nitrogen and phosphorus (N:P ratio); 2) preferred source of nitrogen; and 3) tolerance of R. salina towards free ammonia. To investigate this, we conducted a series of controlled laboratory experiments in shake flasks. Our experiments revealed a 45% increase in growth rate when an N:P ratio of 15:1 was used compared to the standard ratio of 25:1. Ammonium and nitrate were equally well accepted as a nitrogen source, however, a mix of ammonium and nitrate resulted in significant growth reduction. Free ammonia did not affect growth of the alga at the tested concentrations of up to 5 mg ammonia–nitrogen L−1. We conclude that for optimal R. salina cultivation, an N:P ratio of 15:1 is strongly preferred, as it leads to a significant increase in growth rate. Further, media with a single source of nitrogen promote faster growth over media with mixed sources, and ammonium may safely be used as a nitrogen source, since R. salina tolerates certain levels of free ammonia. Overall, this work provides insights into the optimal cultivation conditions for R. salina, allowing for more efficient and reliable production of this relevant species.
The microbial removal of bisphenols in aquatic microcosms and associated alteration in bacterial community
Authors: Noszczyńska Magdalena , Pacwa-Płociniczak Magdalena , Bondarczuk Kinga , Piotrowska-Seget Zofia
Published: June 2023

The concept of the study resulted from numerous concerns around bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) in aquatic environments. In this study, river water and sediment microcosms highly polluted with bisphenols and bioaugmented with two BPs-removing bacterial strains were constructed. The study aimed to determine the rate of high-concentrated BPA and BPS (BPs) removal from river water and sediment microniches, and the effect of water bioaugmentation with bacterial consortium on the removal rates of these pollutants. Moreover, the impact of introduced strains and exposure to BPs on the structural and functional composition of the autochthonous bacterial communities was elucidated. Our findings indicate that the removal activity of autochthonous bacteria was sufficient for effectively BPA elimination and reducing BPS content in the microcosms. The number of introduced bacterial cells decreased continuously until day 40, and on consecutive sampling days, no bioaugmented cells were detected. Sequencing analysis of the total 16S rRNA genes revealed that the community composition in bioaugmented microcosms amended with BPs differed significantly from those treated either with bacteria or BPs. A metagenomic analysis found an increase in the abundance of proteins responsible for xenobiotics removal in BPs-amended microcosms. This study provides new insights into the effects of bioaugmentation with a bacterial consortium on bacterial diversity and BPs removal in aquatic environments.
Could Mathematics be the Key to Unlocking the Mysteries of Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Weatherley Georgia , Araujo Robyn P. , Dando Samantha J. , Jenner Adrianne L.
Published: June 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease that is driven by immune system-mediated demyelination of nerve axons. While diseases such as cancer, HIV, malaria and even COVID have realised notable benefits from the attention of the mathematical community, MS has received significantly less attention despite the increasing disease incidence rates, lack of curative treatment, and long-term impact on patient well-being. In this review, we highlight existing, MS-specific mathematical research and discuss the outstanding challenges and open problems that remain for mathematicians. We focus on how both non-spatial and spatial deterministic models have been used to successfully further our understanding of T cell responses and treatment in MS. We also review how agent-based models and other stochastic modelling techniques have begun to shed light on the highly stochastic and oscillatory nature of this disease. Reviewing the current mathematical work in MS, alongside the biology specific to MS immunology, it is clear that mathematical research dedicated to understanding immunotherapies in cancer or the immune responses to viral infections could be readily translatable to MS and might hold the key to unlocking some of its mysteries.
Uterus Transplantation as a Surgical Innovation
Authors: Pérez-Blanco Alicia , Seoane José-Antonio , Pallás Teresa Aldabo , Nieto-Moro Montserrat , Calonge Rocío Núñez , de la Fuente Alfonso , Martin Dominique E.
Published: June 2023

Uterus transplantation (UTx) research has been introduced in several countries, with trials in Sweden and the United States producing successful outcomes. The growing interest in developing UTx trials in other countries, such as Spain, the Netherlands, Japan, and Australia, raises important questions regarding the ethics of surgical innovation research in the field of UTx. This paper examines the current state of UTx in the context of the surgical innovation paradigm and IDEAL framework and discusses the ethical challenges faced by those considering the introduction of new trials. We argue that UTx remains an experimental procedure at a relatively early stage of the IDEAL framework, especially in the context of de novo trials, where protocols are likely to deviate from those used previously and where researchers are likely to have limited experience of UTx. We conclude that countries considering the introduction of UTx trials should build on the strengths of the reported outcomes to consolidate the evidence base and shed light on the uncertainties of the procedure. Authorities responsible for the ethical governance of UTx trials are advised to draw on the ethical framework used in the oversight of surgical innovation.
The end of COVID-19: not with a bang but a whimper
Authors: Bond Laura , McNicholas Fiona
Published: June 2023

The formal announcement of the end of the COVID-19 pandemic by the WHO came on the 5th of May 2023; however, unlike the pandemic onset, the pandemic end date was not met with any significant media coverage or news reporting in Ireland. Additionally, there were no series of contemplations either in newspapers or other media about the impact of the decision to formally end the pandemic despite having financial and legislative impacts on a wide number of people. Given the potential impact of the removal of government subsidies on health and occupations, government and media coverage of the decisions and potential implications would have been helpful. The opportunity for a significant debriefing of the pandemic outlining what we have learned from the COVID-19 pandemic response may have been missed.
Commotio Cordis in 2023
Authors: Peng Theodore , Derry Laura Trollinger , Yogeswaran Vidhushei , Goldschlager Nora F.
Published: June 2023

Since the nationally televised cardiac arrest of American National Football League player Damar Hamlin in January 2023, commotio cordis has come to the forefront of public attention. Commotio cordis is defined as sudden cardiac arrest due to direct trauma to the precordium resulting in ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. While the precise incidence of commotio cordis is not known due to a lack of standardized, mandated reporting, it is the third most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, with more than 75% of cases occurring during organized and recreational sporting events. Given that survival is closely tied to how quickly victims receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation, it is crucial to raise awareness of commotio cordis so that athletic trainers, coaches, team physicians, and emergency medical personnel can rapidly diagnose and treat this often-fatal condition. Broader distribution of automated external defibrillators in sporting facilities as well as increased presence of medical personnel during sporting events would also likely lead to higher survival rates.