bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSING MALICIOUS SOFTWARE SUPPORTING DDOS ATTACKS ON IOT NETWORKS
Authors: Pravylo Valerii , Averkiiev Yevhenii
Published: July 2024

Background. With the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) networks in the digital age, the risk of cyberattacks, especially DDoS attacks, is also increasing. IoT devices such as smart refrigerators, thermostats, webcams and other Internet-connected home appliances are being targeted by attackers who can use them as part of a botnet to conduct DDoS attacks. These devices often have inadequate network security and are rarely updated, making them vulnerable. DDoS attacks can result in significant losses such as lost revenue, reputational damage and costs to restore services. So, the vulnerability of IoT networks to DDoS attacks and the need to develop effective protection measures is a pressing issue.
Objective. The purpose of the paper is to analyse software that supports DDoS attacks in IoT networks. Provide general recommendations to help improve approaches to defence measures in IoT networks against DDoS-enabled malware.
Methods. Five main DDoS attack models are considered: agent-handler model, reflexive model, IRC-based model, web-based model, and P2P-based model. Three most dangerous software capable of DDoS attacks on IoT networks are analyzed: Mirai, XOR.DDoS and Linux.Hydra.
Results. There are many models and methods of DDoS attacks on IoT networks. The most dangerous are Mirai, XOR.DDoS and Linux.Hydra. Each of these software has its own specific characteristics and methods of carrying out attacks. The study also showed that there are several effective measures to counter these attacks, including setting strong passwords, regularly updating software, setting up traffic filters and restricting network access.
Conclusions. Key aspects of DDoS attacks, their models and process steps are considered. The paper focuses on the three most dangerous software used to conduct such attacks and provides recommendations on how to counteract them.
Relações transatlânticas e a centralidade de Açores: entre o passado e o futuro
Authors: Fontes Paulo
Published: July 2024

O Arquipélago dos Açores tem desempenhado desde muito cedo um papel essencial nas relações transatlânticas e, em particular, nas relações bilaterais de Portugal com os Estados Unidos e da Europa com a América do Norte. A nossa investigação, através de uma análise qualitativa e hermenêutica, visa fazer um balanço das etapas mais importantes, das dificuldades, das soluções encontradas e dos desafios enfrentados nas relações transatlânticas, explorando a centralidade dos Açores, principalmente a nível científico e geopolítico.
The feminist perspective in food security: an analysis of the links between the SDG 2 and the SDG 5
Authors: Martins Carolinna Maria , Soares Júlia Theodoro
Published: July 2024

This article aims to answer the question: how can the feminist perspective help to understand Food Security? Statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization on two Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 2 and SDG 5 was analyzed to answer this question. The article also promotes a discussion based on literature analysis that links both SDG. Two main issues were observed: (1) that Food Security can be analyzed under a holistic view, involving all levels; (2) objects assume a different interpretation analyzed through a feminist perspective.
A Modification to the Remotely Sensed Active Layer Thickness (ReSALT) Algorithm to have Self-Consistency
Authors: Mathur Jatin
Published: July 2024

Permafrost thaw is an important aspect of Earth’s carbon cycles. Initial estimates suggest that permafrost thaw could contribute anywhere between 20 to 500 Gt of CO2-eq by 2100. These estimates are all fundamentally centered around one number: active layer thickness (ALT). The deeper the ALT, the more emissions. Unfortunately, ALT is a highly spatially heterogeneous number and determined by numerous thermal, soil hydrology, and geomorphological effects. The remotely sensed active layer thickness (ReSALT) algorithm was introduced in 2010 to provide scientists with a way to model ALT heterogeneously at meter-scale resolution. However, upon inspection, this work shows that ReSALT’s modeling approach is self-inconsistent when using a variable soil porosity model. This work then introduces SCReSALT (Self-Consistent ReSALT) to solve that problem. Experimental comparisons to a past study in Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska show significant improvement and suggest that SCReSALT should become a standard tool in permafrost thaw modeling. Code to reproduce all results can be found at https://github. com/jmathur25/permafrost-prediction.
Synthesis and Beneficials Effects of Glycerol Derivatives
Authors: Momha René
Published: July 2024

Glycerol conversion to valuable biomolecules has been a research avenue that has attracted a significant interest in recent years due to its increasing over production, with possibilities for chemical transformation for eco-friendly processes and distinct compounds with biological activities. Also, in the current climate change in which a major emphasis is being placed on the design of green processes, solvents are key factors from both an economic and environmental point of view. In this context, due to its abundance and low-price, glycerol represents an innovative solvent coming from biomass and produce in high amount. On the other hand, Epichlorydrin, Glycidol and Solketal have become useful intermediates in chemical transformations when using glycerol as a raw material. This review focuses on glycerol as a green solvent in the synthesis of complex molecules, Epichlorydrin, Glycidol, Solketal and Tosyl solketal as an efficient recycling process for glycerol, as well as building blocks in the synthesis of glycerol derivatives, which are undeniable new source of potentials drugs.
Advances in Brain Stimulation and Nanomedicine: Dopaminergic Alterations and Its Role in Neurodegeneration and Drug Addiction
Authors: Gimenez Silvia , Millan Alexandra , Mora-Morell Alba , Ayuso Noa , Gastaldo-Jordán Isis , Pardo Marta
Published: July 2024

Recent advancements in brain stimulation and nanomedicine have ushered in a new era of therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores the cutting-edge innovations in brain stimulation techniques, including their applications in alleviating symptoms of main neurodegenerative disorders and addiction. Emphasis is placed on the underlying main neurotransmitter modifications and their specific brain area location, particularly focusing on the dopaminergic system, which plays a critical role in these conditions. Furthermore, the review delves into the groundbreaking developments in nanomedicine, highlighting how nanotechnology can be utilized to target aberrant signaling in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific focus on the dopaminergic system. The discussion extends to emerging technologies such as magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs), which represent a novel intersection between nanoformulation and brain stimulation approaches. These innovative technologies offer promising avenues for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of treatments by enabling non-invasive, targeted delivery of therapeutic agents as well as on site, on-demand stimulation. By integrating insights from recent research and technological advances, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how brain stimulation and nanomedicine can be synergistically applied to address complex neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.
Investigating the Effects of Fast Charging and Flash Charging Protocols on Battery Health and Economic Viability in Electric Buses
Authors: Darvish Pour Amir Abbas , Younis Eslam , Shaikh Saad , Narimani Mehdi , Ahmed Ryan
Published: July 2024

Transportation contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, with electrification offering a promising solution. This study evaluates the degradation of State of Health (SOH) over 2.5 years for electrified buses under different charging protocols: DC Fast charging and Flash charging. The vehicles’ models, charging protocols, and financial implications are discussed. High-level simulations reveal that after 2.5 years, the Flash charging vehicle’s SOH reaches 88.93%, while the DC fast charging vehicle reaches 89.46%, showing a 0.47% difference. This slight variance is attributed to Flash charging vehicles avoiding full charge/discharge cycles, reducing battery aging impact.
Considering this minimal SOH degradation difference, the choice between DC Fast charging and Flash charging primarily hinges on capital expenditure disparities. Flash charging, with its lower initial battery capacity and reduced capital costs, presents a compelling alternative for city busoperators seeking to electrify their fleets.
Assessment of Food Waste in Public Preschool and Primary Schools at the Municipality of Faro
Authors: Moura Daiane ,   Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 1, Piso 1, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal, Nunes Cláudia , Sofia Sancho Teresa , Vidinha Duarte ,   Centro de Saúde de Faro - ACeS Central, Unidade Local de Saúde do Algarve, Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal,   Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 1, Piso 1,  8005-139 Faro, Portugal,   Departamento de Saúde Pública e Planeamento, Administração Regional de Saúde do Algarve, IP,  Rua Brites de Almeida,  n.º 6, 2.º Esq.,  8000-234 Faro, Portugal,   Centro de Saúde de Faro - ACeS Central, Unidade Local de Saúde do Algarve,  Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Food waste has become a political priority in recent years, due to its impact on the economy, environment, and population's nutritional and health status. In the school setting, the assessment of food waste is essential since it can reflect children's inadequate food consumption, compromising their nutritional intake and healthy development. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess and evaluate the food waste, in the form of leftovers and plate waste, produced in the meals served at lunchtime during three non-consecutive days in five preschool and primary school canteens located in the Municipality of Faro. METHODOLOGY: The food produced and wasted were separated and weighed by aggregated components. The sample was obtained by a non-probabilistic and convenience selection. Schools were stratified into urban or rural based on geographical location. Food waste was classified according to the result of the leftovers index and plate waste index, using the categorisations of Vaz (2006) and Aragão (2005), respectively. RESULTS: The total food waste average percentage found was 40.2% ± 7.3% and the mean of leftovers and plate waste percentages exceeded the acceptable limits (15.2% ± 7.3%, and 25.0% ± 5.7%, respectively). Among the food components, vegetables were the most wasted in both areas (71.2% ± 31.6%, urban; 98.7% ± 13.7%, rural). Comparing the results according to schools’ location, it was found that the consumption of vegetables was significantly lower in rural area schools when compared to the consumption of vegetables in urban area schools (1.3% ± 5.6% and 28.7% ± 31.2%, respectively; p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: The need to implement corrective measures aimed at reducing food waste is urgent, through the training of canteen workers, menu improvement and promoting children’s food consumption, especially concerning the vegetable food group.
Lifestyle in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a 5 year follow-up study
Authors: Patrícia Caeiro Ana ,   Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa em associação  com a Escola Superior de  Tecnologia da Saúde de  Lisboa,  Avenida Professor Egas  Moniz,  1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal, Policarpo Sara ,   Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa,  Avenida Professor Egas  Moniz,  1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral therapy and the appearance of comorbidities in people living with human immunodeficiency virus contribute to an increased cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVES: Assess the evolution of nutritional status, cardiovascular risk and mediterranean diet and physical activity level in a cohort of infected patients. METHODOLOGY: This is a longitudinal observational study based on a cohort previously evaluated and who maintained regular follow-up. Patients were reassessed after 5 years on anthropometric parameters, dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire, MedDietScore), cardiovascular risk (DAD Risk Tool). Physical Activity data was only obtained in the 5th year (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). RESULTS: The sample had an average age of 52.0±9.3years, were mostly male with a mean HIV infection time of 17.9±6.9 years. There was a percentual increase regarding baseline of 2% in type 2 diabetes, 11.4% in dyslipidemia, 0.7% in hypertension and 12.5% in metabolic syndrome. After 5 years, mediterranean diet adherence was higher (28.9±5.2 vs. 27.9±5.7); caloric intake was lower (1781±622 vs. 2173±432); 77.6% had a moderate Physical Activity level and a daily sedentary behavior of 244.4±173.9 minutes; 54.7% had a very high 5 year-CVR. CONCLUSIONS: Aging and the presence of comorbidities are a concern. Lifestyle interventions must be part of the management of the disease.
The Shape of The Earth in The Perspective of Islam and Hinduism
Authors: Arroisi Jarman , Mustopa Rodhi Hakiki Bin Cecep , Muchtar Aflatun , Mumtazi Fahman , Istiqamah Imroatul
Published: July 2024

This research intends to know the shape of the earth through the perspective of Islam and Hinduism. With descriptive, analysis and comparative methods, the researcher produced three important conclusions. Firstly, the two scriptures agreed that the phenomenon of day and night is caused by sunlight. Rationally this phenomenon will not happen except by the globe earth. Secondly, in the perspective of Islam, it is not mentioned clearly about the shape of the earth but differs in the perspective of Hinduism which mentioned it clearly. This matter causes different views and interpretations. Thirdly, Al-Biruni that represent the Muslim scholar and Aryabhata represent Hindu, in study the shape of the earth, the both did their research by using the concept of a globe earth and the results were still in use today. Knowing more details, the research on the shape of the earth becomes very interesting.
Management of Spinal Myeloid Sarcoma in a 23-Year-Old Woman With a History of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hammed Ali , Mahfoud Moufid , Alkhanous Gaith , Abboud Zaki , Qasem Tarek , Hasan Lojain
Published: July 2024

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an uncommon extramedullary tumor comprising immature myeloid cells, primarily associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Spinal involvement is observed in fewer than 1% of cases. We present an unusual case of extramedullary MS in a patient with AML. A 23-year-old woman with a history of AML presented with neurological symptoms, including limb pain, weakness, and numbness. Imaging revealed an intramedullary enhancing mass at the cervical level. Partial laminectomy and microsurgical resection were performed, followed by laminoplasty. Immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis, confirming MS. The patient was subsequently transferred to the hematologic department and received tailored treatment. The diverse clinical manifestations of spinal MS pose diagnostic challenges. In this case, an atypical intramedullary location led to incorrect initial diagnostic impressions. Comprehensive evaluations, including repeated biopsies and immunohistochemistry, were crucial for an accurate diagnosis. Treatment strategies vary based on systemic involvement, and prompt diagnosis is important for favorable outcomes. MS, especially in the spine, presents diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. Timely recognition, an accurate diagnosis through comprehensive evaluations, and tailored treatment strategies are crucial for positive outcomes in this rare hematologic entity.
Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Percutaneous Instrumentation: A Technical Note
Authors: Yu Ching-Hsiao , Wu Hung-Kang
Published: July 2024

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has gained popularity in recent years due to its effectiveness and minimal invasiveness. In addition to decompression surgery, ESS has been used in lumbar fusion surgery to minimize tissue trauma and improve the fusion rate due to its ability to facilitate better endplate preparation under an endoscope. Biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (BETLIF) has recently been proven to be a safe and efficient method with good clinical outcomes. We have adopted BETLIF to treat patients since 2021 and have experienced satisfactory results. In this article, we introduce our surgical steps and techniques for BETLIF with percutaneous instrumentation.
A child with cutaneous-skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome caused by a mosaic HRAS mutation – outcome of treatment with anti-FGF23 antibody
Authors: LUO Feihong , Li Ming , Wu Jing , Cao Qiaoyu , Lu Wei , Sun Chengjun , Li Qiuyue , Ye Rong , Cheng Ruoqian
Published: July 2024

Cutaneous-skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome (CSHS) is a rare inherited disorder that causes bone abnormalities due to hypophosphatemic rickets, which is a significant health comorbidity. Conventional therapy involving multiple daily oral doses of phosphate and calcitriol for CSHS rickets has limited effectiveness. We present the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of the first Chinese child with bone fractures, a seizure history, and novel recurrent gastrointestinal manifestations of CSHS, including diarrhea and bowel obstruction. The effectiveness of conventional therapy and anti-FGF-23 antibody (burosumab) was evaluated. High-throughput DNA sequencing was performed on the patient's blood DNA, skin tissue, oral mucosa, and hair follicles to identify causative mutations. The child had a tissue-differentiated somatic activating HRAS p.G13R mutation. Burosumab resulted in a steady increase in blood phosphorus levels and a significant improvement in the patient's clinical symptoms and physical function compared to conventional phosphate therapy. It is suggested that younger children may receive a higher initial dosage of burosumab for better outcomes. However, long-term follow-up is still necessary to confirm its efficacy and safety.
The Role of Thread Manufacturing Techniques on Dental Implant Abutment Screw Loosening
Authors: AL-SANEA ABDULRAHMAN , Aktas Serkan , Celik Talip , Kisioglu Yasin
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the effect of three abutment screw manufacturing methods and modifications in the internal threading process of dental implants on screw loosening. A total of 30 screws were produced, with 10 screws for each manufacturing method. Additionally, 30 dental implants were fabricated and categorized based on their internal threading technique: 15 implants used a cutting tap, referred to as cutting implants (C), and 15 implants used a forming tap, referred to as formed implants (F). Each group of the screws was divided into 2 subsets: one subset was paired with C implants, and the other was paired with F implants. Subsequently, torque loss for each screw was measured before and after a vibration test using a digital torque meter, and a one-way ANOVA and an independent samples t-test (α = 0.05) were used to investigate the significance level of the difference in screw loosening between manufacturing methods. The study found that machined, thread-rolled, and die screws exhibited an average total torque loss of 3.51%, 5.13%, and 7.52% when paired with C implants, and 2.42%, 4.33%, and 6.27% when paired with F implants, respectively. Statistically, the one-way ANOVA and the independent samples t-test revealed a significant effect of the abutment screw type on the total torque loss (P < .05). Moreover, the implant type had a significant effect on the torque loss values before and after the vibration test (P < .05). These findings suggest that screw manufacturing method and internal threading modifications are critical factors in enhancing the mechanical stability of implant components.
Cellular mechanism of gain-of-function mutation I173M in sheep MC4R gene identified in year-round and seasonal estrus breeds through whole-genome resequencing
Authors: Lan Xianyong
Published: July 2024

Investigating the key genes and mutations regulating year-round estrus can enhance the reproductive performance of sheep, thereby boosting sheep industry efficiency. In this study, we employed genomic research methods to analyze whole-genome resequencing data from 392 sheep, including six year-round estrus breeds and ten seasonal estrus breeds. Here we show the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene as a significant player in the regulation of year-round estrus in sheep. Specifically, I173M (g.59480440G > C, P.Ile173Met), demonstrating potential relevance to sheep estrus, was identified in MC4R. The mutation frequency of this variant was higher in year-round estrus breeds than in seasonal estrus breeds, suggesting it could be a crucial functional mutation affecting sheep estrus. Transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that genes differentially expressed after transfection with the M173 receptor were enriched in pathways related to reproduction such as GnRH signaling pathway and Ovarian steroidogenesis. Subsequent functional exploration revealed that the I173M mutation enhanced cAMP and MAPK/ERK signal transduction activation, increased receptor constitutive activity, and significantly improved receptor function. Consequently, we posit that MC4R is involved in regulating year-round estrus and the I173M mutation in the MC4R gene identified as a pivotal functional mutation influencing year-round estrus in sheep.
Australian Criminal Justice Student’s Beliefs about Lie Detection Methods
Authors: Wilcoxson Rebecca , Turley Emma L.
Published: July 2024

Criminal justice practitioners’ use of erroneous lie-detection methods contributes to inaccurate convictions and research indicates some Queensland police are using fallible methods. A recent study showed that Queensland universities primarily ignore the topic of lie detection. Thus, criminal justice students entering Queensland universities with fallacious lie detection beliefs are unlikely to have them corrected. It was unknown if Australian criminal justice students hold inaccurate lie detection beliefs. Therefore, this mixed-methods study investigated undergraduate students’ beliefs about lie detection methods, many of whom were enrolled in criminal justice-focused degrees at a Queensland-based university. Sixty undergraduate students responded to open and closed-ended questions regarding their intentions to work in the criminal justice system, their opinion on their lie detection ability, methods used to determine deception, and thoughts about cross-cultural lie detection. The findings revealed a prevalence of false beliefs about cues to deception indicating educational needs for Australian criminal justice-career-focused students.
Extensive mobile health technology assessment detects subtle motor impairment in mild and asymptomatic Pompe disease
Authors: Pilotto Andrea , Labella Beatrice , Rizzardi Andrea , Zatti Cinzia , Trasciatti Chiara , Hansen Clint , Romijnders Robbin , Geritz Johanna , Caria Filomena , Risi Barbara , Damioli Simona , Piccinelli Stefano Cotti , Olivieri Emanuele , Ferullo Lucia , Poli Loris , Maetzler Walter , Padovani Alessandro , Filosto Massimiliano
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of mobile health technology (MHT) to detect and quantify mobility alterations in late-onset Pompe Disease (PD). The study enrolled eight subjects with PD, including three young mildly affected/asymptomatic subjects, who underwent an extensive MHT mobility assessment and were contrasted to matched controls. MHT assessment enabled the detection of subtle mobility alterations, indicating a lower speed in walking, postural transition and turning lower performances in PD subjects compared to controls. Interestingly, in the three mildly affected/asymptomatic cases, clinical scales and timed tests scored within the normal ranges, whereas gait digital parameters showed detectable subtle alterations compared to controls.
On the Role of Intermediate States for Artificial Spin Ice Inspired Computation
Authors: Arava Hanu , Tapia Ignacio , Cote Timothy , Woods Justin , Barrows Frank , Fullerton John , Mellado Paula
Published: July 2024

Conventional approaches to computing with nanomagnets require an initial state, and a final state corresponding to an expected outcome. Assuming a single spin-flip regime, an energetic relaxation from the initialized state to that of a final low energy state will include intermediate states with variable magnetostatic energies, which affect the probability of an outcome. Here, we investigate intermediate states in a simple nanomagnet toy model consisting of four nanomagnets arranged onto a square plaquette. In doing so, we are able to systematically demonstrate design approaches to mitigate (or leverage) computational “errors” in artificial spin ice inspired computational logic. We reveal an explicit relation between geometry and energetics by way of multipolar analysis, and comment specifically on the nature of energy relaxation pathway with direct consequences to designing logic units for conventional and unconventional computing applications. We support our theoretical models with experimental results on field-induced relaxation using Magnetic Force Microscopy measurements. Our work provides an intuitive way to design logic elements for future computing applications with artificial spin ice structures.
Dynamics and implications of biofilm formation and community succession on floating marine plastic debris
Authors: Purganan Daniel John , Onda Deo Florence Llacuna
Published: July 2024

The formation of the plastisphere has been suggested to be a stepwise process shaped by various interactions that have implications on both the fate of the plastic and key microbial processes. However, several aspects of the colonization process by microbial communities to the recruitment of multicellular groups, and the implications of their interactions remain little studied. Here, through an in situ exposure experiment, polyethylene (PE) plastics were exposed in a tropical coastal environment for over 42 days. Using high throughput amplicon sequencing (16S and 18S rRNA genes) and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we were able to profile the community and track changes in the plastisphere. Gammaproteobacteria abundantly colonized the plastics from Day 1 including putative hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. During secondary colonization, a shift in community composition was observed where photosynthetic cyanobacteria and diatoms as well as several heterotrophic Bacteroidetes increased in abundance. The successful establishment of the biofilm allowed other heterotrophic members to attach such as mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, zooplankton and various metazoans towards its maturation. These changes were accompanied by modifications in the both the morphology and molecular structure of the plastic surface, indicating potential degradation mediated by microbial action, making this microenvironment more habitable. This makes the plastics a hotspot of biological interactions that may influence the fate of plastics such as in facilitating ingestion by larger animals, change in density properties resulting in sinking, biodeterioration leading to production of microplastics, and production of byproducts and molecules.
Mental health predictors of Internet Gaming Disorder: a longitudinal study
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Orozco Ricardo , Gutierrez-Garcia Raúl , Albor Yesica , Pérez Ana Lucía Jiménez , Valdés-García Karla Patricia , Mansur Patricia M. Baez , Díaz-Couder María Anabell Covarrubias , Benjet Corina
Published: July 2024

Purpose: While internet gaming disorder has been clinically delimited, we still know little about its mental health determinants. We aim to evaluate whether a wide range of baseline mental disorders predict Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) one to three years later, among first year university students in Mexico.
Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with a follow-up period of one to three years conducted from September 2018 to June 2022 in 6 Mexican universities. Participants were first-year university students (N=2,144) free of symptoms indicative of IGD at entry (baseline). Ten mental disorders (bipolar, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, binging and/or purging, intermittent explosive disorder, psychotic experiences, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) at baseline were the main risk factors explored for the incidence of IGD at the end of the follow-up. We used Cox regression to model the IGD incidence rate.
Results: A composite measure of any mental disorder at baseline was associated with an increase in 2.33 times (1.26-4.31) the rate of IGD 1 to 3 years later. Several individual disorders were associated with rates of IGD in multiple models, with comorbid conditions diminishing most of these associations.
Conclusion: While students with a range of mental disorders were at risk for development of IGD, only major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder remained associated with a new case of IGD. Discrepant results from available longitudinal studies on the role of specific mental disorders in the development of IGD needs to be further investigated.
Gentamicin Prophylaxis During Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy Causes Acute Kidney Injury: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Glietsch Michael , Blaschke Simon , Lux Anke , Geginat Gernot , Schostak Martin
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Aminoglycosides, known for lower susceptibility to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), are commonly used for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in urological procedures, including robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). However, limited data exist on their safety in RARP. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with gentamicin PAP in RARP patients during the transition from open prostatectomy to RARP.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective single-center matched case-control study involving 77 RARP patients receiving gentamicin and 72 matched controls receiving cefuroxime. AKI was evaluated using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria, considering factors like age, comorbidities, and prostatic weight.
Results
In the gentamicin group, 26 patients developed AKI post-surgery (33.8%). Conversely, only seven AKI cases (9.7%) were identified in the cefuroxime group, resulting in an Odds Ratio (OR) of 6.25, indicating a significantly higher relative risk of AKI in the gentamicin group. AKI grade 1 was most common in the gentamicin group (19.5%), with some patients experiencing more severe AKI (grade 2: 7.8%, grade 3: 6.5%). In the cefuroxime group grades 1 (5.6%) and 2 (4.2%) AKI were observed. Prostate volume, along with gentamicin use, emerged as independent cofactors. The limitations include lack of long-term outcome data and inconsistent preoperative gland measurements. Cases with pre-existing kidney disease weren't excluded due to low power.
Conclusions
The incidence of AKI was significantly higher after PAP with gentamicin compared to cefuroxime (OR: 6.253, 95% CI: 2.095–18.664, p = 0.001), suggesting that gentamicin should be avoided for PAP in RARP procedures.
Investigating the impact of severe maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on infant DNA methylation and neurodevelopment
Authors: Hill Rachel , Gibbons Andrew , Suwakulsiri Wittaya , Taseska Angela , Darke Hayley , Malhotra Atul , Yee Hnin , Fahey Michael , Hunt Rod , Lim Izaak , Palmer Kirsten , Sundram Suresh
Published: July 2024

Maternal infections during pregnancy can increase the risk to offspring of developing a neurodevelopmental disorder. Given the global prevalence and severity of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the objective of this study was to determine if in utero exposure to severe maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection alters infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months and to identify potential biological markers of adverse infant outcomes. Mother-infant dyads exposed to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (requiring hospitalization) during pregnancy and age and sociodemographic matched control dyads were recruited from Monash Medical Centre, Australia in 2021/22 and prospectively assessed over 12 months. Maternal serum cytokine levels and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were assessed at birth. DNA methylation was assessed from infant buccal swabs at birth (Illumina EPIC BeadChip). Infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). Mothers exposed to severe SARS-CoV-2 exhibited elevated serum IL-6 and IL-17A and higher EPDS scores than controls at birth. Infants exposed to severe SARS-CoV-2 in utero demonstrated over 3000 significant differentially methylated sites within their genomes compared to non-exposed (adjusted p-value < 0.05), including genes highly relevant to ASD and synaptic pathways. At 12 months, severe SARS-CoV-2 exposed infants scored lower on the ASQ-3 than non-exposed infants and communication and problem-solving scores negatively correlated with maternal Il-6 levels at birth. DNA methylation changes therefore unveil potential mechanisms linking infection exposure to delayed neurodevelopment and maternal serum IL-6 levels may be a potential biomarker of child developmental delay.
Genetically Predicted Elevated Circulating 3,4-Dihydroxybutyrate Levels Mediate the Association between family. Christensenellaceae and Osteoporosis Risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: 侯 大龙 , 杨 杨 , wei lv
Published: July 2024

Objective
Explore gut microbiota's impact on osteoporosis and the mediating role of blood metabolites using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR)
Methods
This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study utilized summary level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Gut microbiota GWAS data were obtained from the MiBio-Gen consortium meta-analysis (n = 13,266), while osteoporosis summary statistics were sourced from the FinnGen consortium R9 release data (7300 cases and 358,014 controls). Metabolite data, including 1400 metabolites or metabolite ratios, were derived from a study involving 8,299 unrelated individuals. The primary MR method employed was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Reverse MR analysis was conducted on bacteria causally associated with osteoporosis in forward MR. The gut microbiota with the smallest p-value was selected as the top influencing factor for subsequent mediation analysis. A two-step MR approach quantified the proportion of the blood metabolite effect on gut microbiota influencing osteoporosis. IVW and Egger methods were used to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.
Results
IVW estimates indicated a suggestive effect of family.Christensenellaceae on osteoporosis (odds ratio(OR) = 1.292, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.110–1.503, P = 9.198 × 10 − 4). Reverse MR analysis revealed no significant causal effect of osteoporosis on family.Christensenellaceae (OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.836–1.072, P = 0.386). The proportion of the effect of family.Christensenellaceae on osteoporosis mediated by circulating levels of 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate was 9.727%. No significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected in the MR analysis.
Conclusion
A causal link exists between family.Christensenellaceae and osteoporosis, partially mediated by 3,4-dihydroxybutyrate. Further RCTs are needed to validate these findings.
Arachis mottle-associated virus, a new polerovirus infecting pinto peanut
Authors: Kauffmann Caterynne Melo , Boari Alessandra de Jesus , Silva Bruno Arcanjo , de Morais Ivair José , Cárdenas Stephanny Barreto dos Santos , Batista Amanda Moraes do Vale , Mota Helena Beatriz da Silva , Queiroz Paloma de Souza , Pantoja Késsia Fátima Cunha , De Marchi Bruno Rossitto , Assis Giselle Mariano Lessa , Krause-Sakate Renate , Nagata Tatsuya
Published: July 2024

A new polerovirus, which was named “arachis mottle-associated virus” (ArMoV), was found by high-throughput sequencing in the Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) plant. The genome sequence was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and comprises 5775 nucleotides and seven open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted, showing a typical polerovirus genome structure. All the proteins encoded by ArMoV showed less than 90% amino acid identity with those of other poleroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on P1-P2 fusion protein and coat protein amino acid sequences showed that the CsCSV and tobacco polerovirus 1 were the most closely related to ArMoV, respectively. These analyses suggest that ArMoV is a new species of the genus Polerovirus and the binomial name “Polerovirus ARMOV” is proposed.
Optimized Partial Freezing Protocol Enables 10-Day Storage of Rat Livers
Authors: Ozgur Ozge Sila , Taggart McLean S. , Mojoudi Mohammedreza , Pendexter Casie , Kharga Anil , Yeh Heidi , Toner Mehmet , Longchamp Alban , Tessier Shannon N. , Uygun Korkut
Published: July 2024

Preserving organs at subzero temperatures with halted metabolic activity holds the potential to prolong preservation and expand the donor organ pool for transplant. Our group recently introduced partial freezing, a novel approach in high-subzero storage at -15°C, enabling 5 days storage of rodent livers through precise control over ice nucleation and unfrozen fraction. However, increased vascular resistance and tissue edema suggested a need for improvements to extend viable preservation. Here, we describe an optimized partial freezing protocol with key optimizations including increased concentration of propylene glycol to reduce ice recrystallization and maintained osmotic balance through an increase in bovine serum albumin, all while minimizing sheer stress during cryoprotectant unloading with an acclimation period. These approaches ensured the viability during preservation and recovery processes, promoting liver function and ensuring optimal preservation. This was evidenced by increased oxygen consumption, decreased vascular resistance and edema. Ultimately, we show that using the optimized protocol, livers can be stored for 10 days with comparable vascular resistance and lactate levels to 5 days, outperforming the viability of time-matched cold stored livers as the current gold standard. This study represents a significant advancement in expanding organ availability through prolonged preservation and thereby revolutionizing transplant medicine.
Climate Change Scenario in Bangladesh: Historical Data Analysis and Future Projection Based on CMIP6 Model
Authors: Jihan Md. Akik Tanjil , Popy Shamsunnahar , Kayes Shafiul , Rasul Golam , Maowa Al Shafi , Rahman Md Mustafijur
Published: July 2024

During the last two decade, Bangladesh has been experienced a critical climatic anomalies which lead to an increment in enormity and repeat of diverse climate relate extraordinary events. Climate analysts substantiate that around the world temperature and precipitation plan is expected to change, which may result in significant influence on cultivation, work, and organic framework. Bangladesh is subsequently likely to confront critical challenges within the coming decades. In orchestrate to sufficient get it this complex, lively wonders, Analyzing chronicled Climate modify scenarios as well as anticipating its future designs may be a exceptional concern for examiner. This consider focuses to analyzes irrefutable climatic data from (1901-2020), and expect future temperature and precipitation plans in Bangladesh utilizing CMIP6 data. The data utilized in this think-around (Observed data is from CRU TS 4.05 and future data is from CMIP6) have been obtained from WorldClim v2.1. Distinctive techniques tallying relationship, relapse, standard deviation, relationship system, percentiles, cell bits of knowledge, and IDW presentation were performed to analyze the designs, changeability and spatial plans of temperature and precipitation. This think around revealed that Over the irrefutable consider period (1901-2020) Bangladesh has been experienced a vital warming drift with an normal increase in temperature 2°C and with annually decay of the in general precipitation 607.26 mm adjacent to a move towards drier conditions in show disdain toward of frail relationship with more smoking a long time. Projected climate models talks to that Bangladesh slightest temperature is expected to expand from 1°C to 4.4°C as well as most extreme temperatures from 1°C to 4.1°C by 2100. In expansion, anticipated precipitation is expected to amplify by 480.38 mm, with the most prominent rises amid storm months. Regional assortments in temperature and precipitation are once more expected, with the Southeast (SE) likely experiencing the first vital warming and the Northeast (NE) seeing the preeminent critical increase in precipitation.
Chromosome alignment relies on spindle-localized control of Cdk1 activity
Authors: Serpico Angela Flavia , Pisauro Caterina , Trano Asia , Grieco Domenico
Published: July 2024

During mitosis, chromosome alignment at the mitotic spindle equator grants correct chromosome segregation and proper nuclei formation in daughter cells. A central role for chromosome alignment is exerted by the kinesin 8 family member Kif18A that localizes at the kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) plus ends where it dampens MT dynamics stabilizing K-MT attachments. Kif18A action is directly antagonized by the master mitotic kinase cyclin B-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and promoted by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Since chromosome alignment precedes Cdk1 inactivation by cyclin B proteolysis it is unclear how Kif18A evicts Cdk1 inhibition. We show here that chromosome alignment in human cells relies on a recently identified fraction of Cdk1 that is inhibited by phosphorylation in mitosis (i-Cdk1, for inhibited/inactive-Cdk1), localized at spindle structures and required for proper spindle assembly. Indeed, lowering i-Cdk1 induced several spindle defects including spindles with misaligned, bipolarly attached, chromosomes that showed poor Kif18A localization at K-MT plus ends. Both alignment defects and Kif18A localization were reversed by restoring i-Cdk1. In i-Cdk1-lowered cells, alignment defects were also significantly rescued by expressing a phosphorylation-resistant Kif18A version at Cdk1-dependent sites. Mechanistically, our evidence indicates that i-Cdk1 and active PP1 promoted spindle-localized Kif18A dephosphorylation. Given the relevance of Kif18A for survival of aneuploid cancer cells, these observations may also have relevance for cancer therapy.
On-Chip Sensing System Employing Wavelength Splitting for Noise Suppression
Authors: Shamy Raghi El , Swillam Mohamed , Li Xun
Published: July 2024

In this work, we present a novel refractive index (RI) sensing system that is capable of suppressing optical phase errors (noise). Phase errors, for instance, due to process and temperature variations, limit the detection accuracy and the limit of detection (LoD) of the sensor. The proposed system uses four loop-terminated Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (LT-MZI) to achieve wavelength splitting. LT-MZI allows us to tune the output spectrum using its directional couplers coefficients. Wavelength splitting occurs with accordance to RI change using two LT-MZIs with opposite wavelength sensitivity. By determining two independent parameters, namely the wavelength splitting and the average wavelength, the system is capable to differentiate between phase changes due to medium index change and phase changes due to any other effects (noise), which maximizes the detection accuracy. For interferometers with the same waveguide structure in both of the arms, this system can totally eliminate any optical phase errors. This wavelength splitting cannot be achieved using the conventional MZI. Another two LT-MZIs with a quarter of the length are used to double the detection range. This sensing system can be used for various chemical and biological detections using any platform and operating wavelength. Using this system, a liquid sensor based on the widespread CMOS compatible silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology and operating in the near-infrared is designed. While the SOI platform can achieve high sensitivity to medium index change and compact devices due to the high index contrast, it is also very sensitive to optical phase errors. However, our proposed system can eliminate these errors. Finite difference eigenmode (FDE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) solvers are used to design and optimize the sensor’s performance. The sensor achieves a figure of merit (FOM) of 1233 RIU-1, corresponding to an intrinsic LoD of 8e-4, and a sensitivity as high as 7890 nm/RIU with a sensing arm length of only 500 µm, which are 3 and 2 times higher than single MZI, respectively. Finally, this sensor has a much higher detection range, 6.3 times higher than a single MZI and is able to suppress optical noise.
Photoinduced Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Two Electron-deficient Olefins: Synthesis of Lucidumone
Authors: Hu Anhua , Xu Zhezhe , Peng Weibo , Huang Jiarui , Shen Jinhui , Guo Jing-jing
Published: July 2024

Electronically mismatched Diels−Alder reaction between two electron-deficient components is synthetically useful and yet underdeveloped under thermal conditions. Herein, a photoinduced formal [4+2] cycloaddition of enone with a variety of electron-deficient dienes is described. Key to the success of this stepwise methodology relies on a C−C bond cleavage/rearrangement of the cyclobutane based overbred intermediate via diversified mechanistic pathways. Based on this annulation method, total synthesis of lucidumone is achieved in five steps.
Population Structure and Genetic Relationships among Nigerian Ethnic Groups (Ibibio, Igbo, Hausa, Tiv and Yoruba) Based on Nine Short Tandem Repeat Loci
Authors: Akpan Utom-Obong U. , Amusa Oluwafemi D. , Adebesin Olumide A. , Onaja Peter , Udoh Kudighe , Garba Nura , Okpuzor Joy , Adekoya Khalid O.
Published: July 2024

The genetic relationships between populations can be detected with the use of genetic markers. This study investigated the genetic relationships between five Nigerian populations of Igbo, Ibibio, Yoruba, Tiv and Hausa origin using nine short tandem repeat markers. The nine loci and the sex-typing marker amelogenin were combined into multiplex assays and tested by PCR followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on 50 individuals per population. The study revealed that four (4) of the nine (9) loci had FST values between 0.001 and 0.500 in the five populations, indicating that population substructure had almost disappeared in the pooled population. The molecular variance (AMOVA) for the pooled population revealed a variance of 3.850 for individuals and a variance of 0.0004 for among populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four heterogeneous clusters. The total variation explained by the first three axes of the PCA was 32.86%. All the populations had a pairwise population matrix of Nei genetic identity greater than 0.895 based on these loci. Both the pairwise population matrix and a dendrogram constructed based on the allele frequencies of these loci indicated that the Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups had the highest genetic similarity (0.993) among the evaluated populations. The pairwise population matrix of Nei genetic distance showed that Igbo and Tiv and Igbo and Ibibio had genetic distances of 0.14 and 0.15, respectively, which were the greatest for all pairs of the five populations.