bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A joint model for dynamic prediction in uveitis
Authors: Grand Mia Klinten , Vermeer Koenraad Arndt , Missotten Tom , Putter Hein
Published: December 2018

Uveitis is characterised as a recurrent inflammation of the eye and an ongoing inflammation can have severe impact on the visual acuity of the patient. The Rotterdam Eye Hospital has been collecting data on every uveitis patient visiting the hospital since 2000. We propose a joint model for the inflammation and visual acuity with the purpose of making dynamic predictions. Dynamic prediction models allow predictions to be updated during the follow‐up of the patient based on the patient's disease history. The joint model consists of a submodel for the inflammation, the event history outcome, and one for the visual acuity, the longitudinal outcome. The inflammation process is described with a two‐state reversible multistate model, where transition times are interval censored. Correlated log‐normal frailties are included in the multistate model to account for the within eye and within patient correlation. A linear mixed model is used for the visual acuity. The joint model is fitted in a two‐stage procedure and we illustrate how the model can be used to make dynamic predictions. The performance of the method was investigated in a simulation study. The novelty of the proposed model includes the extension to a multistate outcome, whereas, previously, the standard has been to consider survival or competing risk outcomes. Furthermore, it is usually the case that the longitudinal outcome affects the event history outcome, but in this model, the relation is reversed.
The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of penile fracture
Authors: Napier Donna
Published: December 2018

Although considered a relatively rare occurrence, penile fracture is nonetheless a urological emergency. The importance of correctly identifying this pathology is essential when the long‐term sequelae of a delayed or misdiagnosis are considered. Due to the stigma attached to this entity, it is assumed that its true incidence remains underreported, and as such, literature on the sonographic evaluation of penile fracture is rendered to be relatively scarce. The consequence of such an unusual referral means that there is a gap in knowledge when it comes to attaining an accurate ultrasound diagnosis. This article will review the anatomy of the penis, the pathophysiology contributing to penile fracture, and how an inherent understanding of both is vital to the accurate sonographic grading of different fracture types. Although penile fracture is still considered a clinical diagnosis, ultrasound provides critical information in atypical or equivocal cases whereby multiple differential diagnoses cannot be excluded. The possibility of an incorrect diagnosis based on inconclusive historical and clinical findings therefore highlights not only the important role of ultrasound in the facilitation of prompt surgical intervention but also its contribution to a favourable patient outcome by way of correct management.
Local analytic sector subtraction at NNLO
Authors: Magnea L. , Maina E. , Pelliccioli G. , Signorile-Signorile C. , Torrielli P. , Uccirati S.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We present a new method for the local subtraction of infrared divergences at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD, for generic infrared-safe observables. Our method attempts to conjugate the minimal local counterterm structure arising from a sector partition of the radiation phase space with the simplifications following from analytic integration of the counterterms. In this first implementation, the method applies to final-state massless particles. We show how our method compactly organises infrared subtraction at NLO, we deduce in detail the general structure of the subtraction terms at NNLO, and we provide a proof of principle with a complete application to a simple process at NNLO.
In-medium loop corrections and longitudinally polarized gauge bosons in high-energy showers
Authors: Arnold Peter , Iqbal Shahin
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The splitting processes of bremsstrahlung and pair production in a medium are coherent over large distances in the very high energy limit, which leads to a suppression known as the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. We continue study of the case when the coherence lengths of two consecutive splitting processes overlap (which is important for understanding corrections to standard treatments of the LPM effect in QCD), avoiding soft-emission approximations. In this particular paper, we show (i) how the “instantaneous” interactions of Light-Cone Perturbation Theory must be included in the calculation to account for effects of longitudinally-polarized gauge bosons in intermediate states, and (ii) how to compute virtual corrections to LPM emission rates, which will be necessary in order to make infrared-safe calculations of the characteristics of in-medium QCD showering of high-energy partons. In order to develop these topics in as simple a context as possible, we will focus in the current paper not on QCD but on large-N
f QED, where N
f is the number of electron flavors.
Lake-level changes and hominin occupations in the arid Turkana basin during volcanic closure of the Omo River outflows to the Indian Ocean
Authors: Boës Xavier , Prat Sandrine , Arrighi Vincent , Feibel Craig , Haileab Bereket , Lewis Jason , Harmand Sonia
Published: December 2018

In the East African Rift, the western margin of Lake Turkana (northern Kenya) exposes Mio-Plio-Pleistocene lake sediments with dated volcanic horizons constraining basin dynamics at the astronomical time scale. Since the late Pliocene, coastal archaeological sites have formed within the lacustrine dynamics. Here, lake levels are reconstructed from 2.4 to 1.7 Ma using sedimentary facies and water/depth-controlled sediment association. The lacustrine stratigraphy is measured with a total station, and cyclostratigraphy is derived from tephrochronology. The water depths are evaluated from paleochemical properties of lake sediments analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our reconstruction highlights that Lake Turkana rose during 100 ka insolation/eccentricity maxima periods in response to higher monsoonal inputs of the Omo River. However, Lake Turkana also expanded through an insolation minimum at 2.17–1.95 Ma. This asynchronous lake phase coincides with volcanic closure of the Omo River and Lake Turkana outflow sill to the east and the Indian Ocean. An archaeological hiatus occurs during this endorheic lake phase, and alkalinity increases at the beginning of the hiatus. The lake rose again during insolation/eccentricity maxima at 1.9–1.7 Ma, and a new outflow sill opened to the west and the Nile basin. Hominin coastal occupations return during this exorheic/freshwater lake phase.
Tea consumption and oxidative stress: a cross-sectional analysis of 889 premenopausal women from the Sister Study
Authors: Zhang Dongyu , Ferguson Kelly , Troester Melissa A. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Cai Jianwen , Milne Ginger L. , Sandler Dale P. , Nichols Hazel B.
Published: December 2018

In experimental and clinical studies, green or black tea consumption has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. However, these studies involved high levels of tea consumption and may not reflect patterns in the general population. Here, we examined the association between black or green tea consumption and oxidative stress in a cross-sectional study of 889 premenopausal US women aged 35–54 years. Tea consumption was measured using the Block-98 FFQ. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α (F2-IsoP) and 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP-M) were used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. These compounds were measured by MS and normalised to creatinine. Linear regression was used to calculate the geometric mean differences (GMD) and 95% CI for log-transformed urinary F2-IsoP or 15-F2t-IsoP-M in relation to black or green tea consumption. We further examined whether adjusting for caffeine impacted associations between tea and oxidative stress. Geometric means of urinary F2-IsoP and 15-F2t-IsoP-M were 1·44 (95% CI 1·39, 1·49) and 0·71 (95% CI 0·69, 0·73) ng/mg creatinine, respectively. Overall, green tea consumption was not associated with urinary F2-IsoP or 15-F2t-IsoP-M. High-level black tea consumption (≥5 cups/week compared with 0) was associated with higher 15-F2t-IsoP-M concentrations (adjusted GMD=0·10, 95 % CI 0·02–0.19) but not F2-IsoP. Adjusting for caffeine nullified the association between black tea and 15-F2t-IsoP-M. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that dietary tea consumption is inversely associated with oxidative stress.
New Evidence on Conditional Factor Models
Authors: Cooper Ilan , Maio Paulo
Published: December 2018

We estimate conditional multifactor models over a large cross section of stock returns matching 25 CAPM anomalies. Using conditioning information associated with different instruments improves the performance of the Hou, Xue, and Zhang (HXZ) (2015) and Fama and French (FF) (2015), (2016) models. The largest increase in performance holds for momentum, investment, and intangibles-based anomalies. Yet, there are significant differences in the performance of scaled models: HXZ clearly dominates FF in explaining momentum and profitability anomalies, while the converse holds for value–growth anomalies. Thus, the asset pricing implications of alternative investment and profitability factors (in a conditional setting) differ in a nontrivial way.
Prevalence of a nematode castrator of the carrot weevil and impact on fecundity and survival
Authors: Gagnon Annie-Ève , Boivin Guy , Bélair Guy , Mimee Benjamin
Published: December 2018

Bradynema listronoti is a parasitic nematode described from infected specimens of the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis. Prevalence of infection by B. listronoti under field conditions was followed over a period of 16 years in an untreated carrot field. Susceptibility of different carrot weevil life stages was evaluated as well as the impact of infection on fecundity and mortality. Gene expression in infected and uninfected carrot weevils was also compared to evaluate the impact of the parasite on the host transcriptome. Prevalence of B. listronoti in carrot weevil populations was sustained over the years ranging from 20 to 63%. All the weevil stages exposed to B. listronoti inoculum were susceptible to infection, larvae being more vulnerable (59 ± 8% infected) compared with pupae (4 ± 3% infected) and adults (7 ± 3% infected). The fecundity of infected female weevils was greatly reduced (60-fold) due to an inhibition of the maturation of the reproductive system. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that this parasitic castration may have been triggered by the inhibition of reproductive hormone production. The B. listronoti–L. oregonensis interaction represents a case of parasitic castration with a unique potential for biological control of an important pest of carrots.
Indigenous Peoples, World Heritage, and Human Rights
Authors: Vrdoljak Ana Filipa
Published: December 2018

Indigenous peoples’ emphasis on protecting their cultural heritage (including land) through a human rights-based approach reveals the synergies and conflicts between the World Heritage Convention and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). This article focuses on how their insistence on the right to participate effectively in decision-making and centrality of free, prior, and informed consent as defined in the UNDRIP exposes the limitations of existing United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and World Heritage Convention processes effecting Indigenous peoples, cultures, and territories and how these shortcomings can be addressed. By tracking the evolution of the UNDRIP and the World Heritage Convention from their drafting and adoption to their implementation, it examines how the realization of Indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination concerning cultural heritage is challenging international law to become more internally consistent in its interpretation and application and international organizations to operate in accordance with their constitutive instruments.
Gene Drives and Genome Modification in Nonhuman Animals: A Concern for Informed Consent?
Authors: SMOLENSKI JOANNA
Published: December 2018

In recent years, CRISPR-Cas9 has become one of the simplest and most cost-effective genetic engineering techniques among scientists and researchers aiming to alter genes in organisms. As Zika came to the fore as a global health crisis, many suggested the use of CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives in mosquitoes as a possible means to prevent the transmission of the virus without the need to subject humans to risky experimental treatments. This paper suggests that using gene drives or other forms of genome editing in nonhumans (like mosquitos) for the purposes of disease prevention raises important issues about informed consent. Additionally, it examines the consequences this line of inquiry could have for the use of gene drives as a tool in public health and suggests that the guidance offered by informed consent protocols could help the scientific community deploy gene drives in a way that ensures that ongoing research is consistent with our ethical priorities.
Let Us Assume That Gene Editing is Safe—The Role of Safety Arguments in the Gene Editing Debate
Authors: HOLM SØREN
Published: December 2018

This paper provides an analysis of the statement, made in many papers and reports on the use of gene editing in humans, that we should only use the technology when it is safe. It provides an analysis of what the statement means in the context of nonreproductive and reproductive gene editing and argues that the statement is inconsistent with the philosophical commitments of some of the authors, who put it forward in relation to reproductive uses of gene editing, specifically their commitment to Parfitian nonidentity considerations and to a legal principle of reproductive liberty.

But, if that is true it raises a question about why the statement is made. What is its discursive and rhetorical function? Five functions are suggested, some of which are more contentious and problematic than others. It is argued that it is possible, perhaps even likely, that the “only when it is safe” rider is part of a deliberate obfuscation aimed at hiding the full implications of the arguments made about the ethics of gene editing and their underlying philosophical justifications.
Die Assoziation sexueller Orientierung mit dem Körperbild, Essstörungen und der Körperdysmorphen Störung bei Männern
Authors: Taube Christoph O. , Hartmann Andrea S.
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Dieses Review stellt bisherige Kernbefunde und Trends hinsichtlich Unterschieden zwischen homosexuellen (HoM) und heterosexuellen Männern (HeM) im Körperbild entlang dessen drei Komponenten perzeptiv, kognitiv-affektiv und behavioral zusammenfassend dar. Außerdem wird ein vergleichender Überblick über die Auftretenshäufigkeit sowie Symptomatik von Essstörungen (ES) und der Körperdysmorphen Störung (KDS) gegeben. HoM weisen im Vergleich zu HeM kein insgesamt negativeres Körperbild, sondern negativere Ausprägungen auf einzelnen Facetten auf. Die Männer scheinen sich nicht in der Wahrnehmung des eigenen Körpers und der Diskrepanz zwischen tatsächlichem und idealem Körper zu unterscheiden. Bezüglich der Präferenz eines schlanken Körperideals liegen Inkonsistenzen vor. HoM zeigen im Selbstbericht eine höhere Ausprägung in Körperunzufriedenheit und Schlankheitsstreben als HeM. Hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit von Sportverhalten liegt ein inkonsistentes Bild vor, HoM berichten jedoch tendenziell ein stärkeres Vermeidungs- und Kontrollverhalten. Im Muskulositätsstreben scheinen sich die Männer nicht zu unterscheiden. Es kann nicht eindeutig davon ausgegangen werden, dass sich HoM und HeM in der Häufigkeit von ES voneinander unterscheiden, jedoch scheinen keine Häufigkeitsunterschiede bezüglich KDS zu bestehen. Demgegenüber liegt bei HoM tendenziell eine schwerere ES- und KDS-Symptomatik vor. Für eine umfassendere Sichtweise auf das Körperbild von und die Psychopathologie von ES und KDS bei HoM und HeM sowie individuellere Gestaltung von Interventionen, ist weitere Forschung notwendig. Diese sollte insbesondere wenig untersuchte Konstrukte wie Definiertheitsstreben, kognitive Verzerrungen, Investmentverhalten und Essanfälle sowie potenzielle mediierende Faktoren wie bspw. die Zugehörigkeit zur schwulen Community (inklusive Subgruppen) einschließen.
Nahrungsvermeidung versus Nahrungsaversion bei restriktiven Essstörungen
Authors: Garcia-Burgos David , Wilhelm Peter , Vögele Claus , Munsch Simone
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die Begriffe Nahrungsaversion und Nahrungsvermeidung werden in der Literatur häufig synonym gebraucht. Obwohl sie eng verwandt sind, bezeichnen sie doch zwei verschiedene Konstrukte, die das Resultat verschiedener Prozesse sind. Bislang wird angenommen, dass Nahrungseinschränkung und Nahrungsvermeidung bei Patientinnen mit Anorexia nervosa, und Bulimia nervosa mit der Angst vor Gewichtszunahme oder der Angst vor Unwohlsein (z.B, Bauchschmerzen) nach der Nahrungseinnahme zusammenhängt. Studien zeigen jedoch, dass Nahrungsvermeidung nicht nur durch Vermeidungslernen bedingt ist, bei dem der Geschmack der Nahrung zum konditionierten Reiz für Gefahr wird. Vielmehr spielt das Geschmacksaversionslernen eine wichtige Rolle. Nahrungsvermeidung, der eine Geschmacksaversion zugrunde liegt, ist auf eine negative Veränderung der Valenz des Geschmacks zurückzuführen, die durch ein Erlebnis starker Übelkeit hervorgerufen wird. Beide Formen der Nahrungsvermeidung haben verschiedene Verhaltensmerkmale und unterscheiden sich bezüglich der gelernten Inhalte. Zudem sind sie mit anderen Gehirnregionen und Neuromodulatoren assoziiert. Dies ist relevant für das Verständnis und die Behandlung von Essstörungen, insbesondere für ihre bedrohlichste Manifestation: Der extremen Vermeidung der Nahrungseinnahme. Klinische Implikationen dieser Unterscheidung und Vorschläge für weitere Forschung werden diskutiert.
Measurement of OH* Generation by Pulverized Minerals Using Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy and Implications for the Reactivity of Planetary Regolith
Authors: Hendrix Donald A. , Port Sara T. , Hurowitz Joel A. , Schoonen Martin A.
Published: December 2018

Mineral analogs to silicate phases common to planetary regolith, including olivine; the pyroxenes augite and diopside; the plagioclase feldspars labradorite, bytownite, and albite; the Johnson Space Center‐1A lunar regolith simulant; as well as quartz (used as a reference), were subjected to mechanical pulverization by laboratory milling for times ranging from 5 to 45 min. Pulverized minerals were then incubated in an aqueous solution containing the free radical spin trapping compound 5,5‐Dimethyl‐1‐Pyrroline‐N‐Oxide for times ranging from 5 to 30 min. These slurries were then analyzed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy to quantify the amount of hydroxyl radical (the neutral charge form of the hydroxide ion, denoted as OH*) formed in solution. We find that all tested materials generate an Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectrum indicating the formation of OH* with concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 1.5 μM. We also find that, in general, mineral pulverization time is inversely correlated to OH* generation, while OH* generation is positively correlated to mineral fluid incubation time for phases that have iron in their nominal chemical formulae, suggesting the possible action of Fenton reaction as a cofactor in increasing the reactivity of these phases. Our results add to a body of literature that indicates that the finely comminuted minerals and rocks present in planetary regolith are capable of generating highly reactive and highly oxidizing radical species in solution. The results provide the foundation for further in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies to evaluate the possible health risks that future explorers visiting the surfaces of planetary bodies may face from these reactive regolith materials.
Volcanic, Coseismic, and Seasonal Changes Detected at White Island (Whakaari) Volcano, New Zealand, Using Seismic Ambient Noise
Authors: Yates A. S. , Savage M. K. , Jolly A. D. , Caudron C. , Hamling I. J.
Published: December 2018

Ambient noise interferometry is becoming increasingly popular for studying seismic velocity changes. Such changes contain information on the structural and mechanical properties of Earth systems. Application to monitoring, however, is complicated by the large number of processes capable of inducing crustal velocity changes. We demonstrate this at White Island volcano over a 10‐year period containing multiple well‐documented eruptions. Using individual seismic stations, we detect velocity perturbations that we ascribe to volcanic activity, large earthquakes, and seasonality. Distant seismic stations capture widespread nonvolcanic changes that are also present at the volcano. Comparison between velocity changes recorded by distant and local stations then allows us to distinguish volcanic phenomena from seasonality. Through this, we resolve distinct features in ambient noise‐derived velocity changes that relate to volcanic unrest and a phreatic eruption, illustrating the strength of the approach.
Electromagnetic Fields of Magnetospheric ULF Disturbances in the Ionosphere: Current/Voltage Dichotomy
Authors: Pilipenko Vyacheslav A. , Fedorov Evgeniy N. , Hartinger Michael D. , Engebretson Mark J.
Published: December 2018

A circuit analogy for magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems has two extremes for drivers of ionospheric currents: the “voltage generator” (ionospheric electric fields/voltages are constant, while current varies) and the “current generator” (current is constant, while the electric field varies). Here we indicate another aspect of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere interaction, which should be taken into account when considering the current/voltage dichotomy. We show that nonsteady field‐aligned currents interact with the ionosphere in a different way depending on a forced driving or resonant excitation. A quasi‐DC driving of field‐aligned current corresponds to a voltage generator, when the ground magnetic response is proportional to the ionospheric Hall conductance. The excitation of resonant field line oscillations corresponds to the current generator, when the ground magnetic response only weakly depends on the ionospheric conductance. According to the suggested conception, quasi‐DC nonresonant disturbances correspond to a voltage generator. Such ultralow frequency (ULF) phenomena as traveling convection vortices and Pc5 waves should be considered as the resonant response of magnetospheric field lines, and they correspond to a current generator. However, there are quite a few factors that may obscure the determination of the current/voltage dichotomy.
Author Correction: Majority of human traits do not show evidence for sex-specific genetic and environmental effects
Authors: Stringer Sven , Polderman Tinca J. C. , Posthuma Danielle
Published: December 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Evaluating antimalarial efficacy by tracking glycolysis in Plasmodium falciparum using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Shivapurkar Rupali , Hingamire Tejashri , Kulkarni Akshay S. , Rajamohanan P. R. , Reddy D. Srinivasa , Shanmugam Dhanasekaran
Published: December 2018

Glucose is an essential nutrient for Plasmodium falciparum and robust glycolytic activity is indicative of viable parasites. Using NMR spectroscopy, we show that P. falciparum infected erythrocytes consume ~20 times more glucose, and trophozoites metabolize ~6 times more glucose than ring stage parasites. The glycolytic activity, and hence parasite viability, can be measured within a period of 2 h to 5 h, using this method. This facilitates antimalarial bioactivity screening on ring and trophozoite stage parasites, exclusively. We demonstrate this using potent and mechanistically distinct antimalarial compounds such as chloroquine, atovaquone, cladosporin, DDD107498 and artemisinin. Our findings indicate that ring stage parasites are inherently more tolerant to antimalarial inhibitors, a feature which may facilitate emergence of drug resistance. Thus, there is a need to discover novel antimalarial compounds, which are potent and fast acting against ring stage parasites. The NMR method reported here can facilitate the identification of such molecules.
A carbonothioate-based far-red fluorescent probe for the specific detection of mercury ions in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Duan Qingxia , Zhu Hanchuang , Liu Caiyun , Yuan Ruifang , Fang Zhaotong , Wang Zuokai , Jia Pan , Li Zilu , Sheng Wenlong , Zhu Baocun
Published: December 2018

A simple far-red fluorescent probe was developed to monitor mercury ions in environmental water samples and in living systems.
A safe and efficacious Pt(ii) anticancer prodrug: design, synthesis, in vitro efficacy, the role of carrier ligands and in vivo tumour growth inhibition
Authors: Dutta Pradip Kumar , Sharma Rupali , Kumari Smita , Dubey Ravindra Dhar , Sarkar Sujit , Paulraj Justin , Vijaykumar Gonela , Pandey Manoj , Sravanti L. , Samarla Mallik , Das Hari Sankar , Yashpal Yashpal , B. Heeralal , Goyal Ravinder , Gupta Nimish , Mandal Swadhin K. , Sengupta Aniruddha , Sarkar Arindam
Published: December 2018

A new Pt(ii) prodrug, developed by a combined drug development approach.
A facile synthetic strategy for the creation of hollow noble metal/transition metal oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Lin Xi-Jie , Sun Tian-Qi , Yang Li-Ping , Sun Yong-Gang , Bin De-Shan , Duan Shu-Yi , Liu Yuan , Lv Rong-Wen , Cao An-Min
Published: December 2018

An efficient synthetic strategy was developed for the preparation of various hollow noble metal/transition metal oxide nanocomposites.
A high voltage honeycomb layered cathode framework for rechargeable potassium-ion battery: P2-type K2/3Ni1/3Co1/3Te1/3O2
Authors: Masese Titus , Yoshii Kazuki , Kato Minami , Kubota Keigo , Huang Zhen-Dong , Senoh Hiroshi , Shikano Masahiro
Published: December 2018

A new layered framework K2NiCoTeO6 (K2/3Ni1/3Co1/3Te1/3O2) exhibits high voltage (∼4.3 V vs. K+/K), by far exceeding the performance of hitherto reported layered cathode materials for potassium-ion battery.
How reliable is the Na metal as a counter electrode in Na-ion half cells?
Authors: Conder Joanna , Villevieille Claire
Published: December 2018

Despite the extensive research on Na-ion batteries little is known about the stability of the Na-metal counter electrode in a half-cell configuration.
Morphological and compositional progress in halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Hui-Seon , Hagfeldt Anders , Park Nam-Gyu
Published: December 2018

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reached a certified 23.7% efficiency in 2018 by boosting their surprisingly high open-circuit voltage (VOC) and photocurrent.
Hydrogen bonding promoted simple and clean photo-induced reduction of C–X bond with isopropanol
Authors: Cao Dawei , Yan Chaoxian , Zhou Panpan , Zeng Huiying , Li Chao-Jun
Published: December 2018

We herein report a simple and clean photo-induced metal-free reduction of C–X bond under an atmosphere of air at room temperature.
Intense upconversion red emission from Gd-doped NaErF4:Tm-based core/shell/shell nanocrystals under 980 and 800 nm near infrared light excitations
Authors: Choi Jung Eun , Kim Donghwan , Jang Ho Seong
Published: December 2018

Strong upconversion red-emitting Gd-doped NaErF4:Tm-based upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) are successfully synthesized by the formation of a core/intermediate shell/active shell structure.
A smart perylene derived photosensitizer for lysosome-targeted and self-assessed photodynamic therapy
Authors: Niu Niu , Zhou Huipeng , Liu Ning , Jiang Hong , Hussain Ejaz , Hu Zhenzhen , Yu Cong
Published: December 2018

A perylene probe PC4 is explored as a dual-function photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and self-assessment imaging.
Photoactive chelates for radiolabelling proteins
Authors: Eichenberger Larissa S. , Patra Malay , Holland Jason P.
Published: December 2018

New photoactivatable ligands have been developed that facilitate one-pot photoradiochemical labelling of proteins with different radioactive metal ions.
Uncovering the role of the stationary points in the dynamics of the F− + CH3I reaction
Authors: Olasz Balázs , Czakó Gábor
Published: December 2018

A stationary-point-assignment method provides new insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of the F− + CH3I SN2 and proton-transfer reactions.
Dynamics and quantum yields of H2 + CH2CO as a primary photolysis channel in CH3CHO
Authors: Harrison Aaron W. , Kharazmi Alireza , Shaw Miranda F. , Quinn Mitchell S. , Lee K. L. Kelvin , Nauta Klaas , Rowell Keiran N. , Jordan Meredith J. T. , Kable Scott H.
Published: December 2018

A new ketene + H2 channel in CH3CHO photolysis is not modelled by quasi-classical trajectories over the transition state.
Metal doped armchair graphene nanoribbons: electronic structure, carrier mobility and device properties
Authors: Han J. N. , He X. , Fan Z. Q. , Zhang Z. H.
Published: December 2018

Metal doping induced tuning effects on geometry, electronic structure, carrier mobility, and device properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons are studied systematically and analyzed in detail.
Competition of singlet and triplet recombination of radical pairs in photoreactions of carboxy benzophenones and aromatic amino acids
Authors: Morozova Olga B. , Sherin Peter S. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V.
Published: December 2018

Time-resolved chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization and transient absorption were applied to reveal the branching ratio of the singlet and triplet recombination channels in the reaction of short-lived radicals of carboxy benzophenones and the aromatic amino acids.
Extremely large differences in DFT energies for nitrogenase models
Authors: Cao Lili , Ryde Ulf
Published: December 2018

Different DFT methods give relative energies for models of the FeMo cluster in nitrogenase that differ by up to 600 kJ mol−1. This is 4–30 times more than what is observed for other systems and explain why previous computational studies have given conflicting results. It is caused by differences in the oxidation state of the metals and the number of Fe–C, Fe–S and Fe–H bonds, connected to the amount of static correlation.
Theoretical insight into the mechanism of photoreduction of CO2 to CO by graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Wu Hong-Zhang , Bandaru Sateesh , Huang Xiao-Li , Liu Jin , Li Li-Li , Wang Zhenling
Published: December 2018

The assistance of the proton plays a key role in the photoreduction of CO2 to CO.
Effect of nanoparticle composition on oxygen reduction reaction activity of Fe/N–C catalysts: a comparative study
Authors: Huang Xiaoqin , Wu Xiuju , Niu Yanli , Dai Chunlong , Xu Maowen , Hu Weihua
Published: December 2018

The Fe/N–C catalyst is a type of promising catalyst to replace costly Pt/C for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Micronized copper-treated wood: copper remobilization into spores from the copper-tolerant wood-destroying fungus Rhodonia placenta
Authors: Civardi Chiara , Grolimund Daniel , Schubert Mark , Wick Peter , Schwarze Francis W. M. R.
Published: December 2018

Life cycle of Rhodonia placenta showing the uptake and speciation of copper in basidiospores.
Modification of wheat bran particle size and tissue composition affects colonisation and metabolism by human faecal microbiota
Authors: De Paepe Kim , Verspreet Joran , Rezaei Mohammad Naser , Martinez Silvia Hidalgo , Meysman Filip , Van de Walle Davy , Dewettinck Koen , Courtin Christophe M. , Van de Wiele Tom
Published: December 2018

Six wheat bran products, varying in particle size, histological and chemical composition differentially affected thein vitrofermentation activity and composition of human faecal microbiota of ten individuals.
Site directed mutagenesis of insulin-degrading enzyme allows singling out the molecular basis of peptidase versus E1-like activity: the role of metal ions
Authors: Bellia Francesco , Lanza Valeria , Ahmed Ikhlas Mohamed Mohamud , Garcia-Vinuales Sara , Veiss Eva , Arizzi Mariaconcetta , Calcagno Damiano , Milardi Danilo , Grasso Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Four specifically designed IDE mutants have been used to unveil the molecular basis of peptidase versus E1-like activity of the enzyme.
Regulation of macrophage iron homeostasis is associated with the localization of bacteria
Authors: Gan Zhenshun , Tang Xueyou , Wang Zhenjie , Li Jiahui , Wang Zhen , Du Huahua
Published: December 2018

We describe, for the first time, the changes of iron homeostasis in response to the infection of macrophages with extracellular bacteriaEscherichia coliK88 and intracellular bacteriaSalmonella typhimurium.
Bis-anthracene derived bis-pyridine: selective fluorescence sensing of Al3+ ions
Authors: Bhuvanesh N. , Suresh S. , Kannan K. , Rajesh Kannan V. , Maroli Nikhil , Kolandaivel Ponmalai , Nandhakumar R.
Published: December 2018

A novel bis-anthracene molecule linked to bis-pyridine by xylylene dibromide (APC) was synthesized as a potent sensor for the detection of Al3+ ions.
Visible light-driven oxidation of vanillyl alcohol in air with Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles on phosphorylated hydrotalcite
Authors: Wu Miao , Pang Jin-Hui , Song Ping-Ping , Peng Jian-Jun , Xu Feng , Li Qiang , Zhang Xue-Ming
Published: December 2018

This catalyst could recurrently realize the production of vanillin from vanilla alcohol under mild reaction conditions due to the synergistically double dehydrogenative oxidation (SDDO).
Determination of nitrofuran metabolites in marine products by high performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection with microwave-assisted derivatization
Authors: Luo Xianzhu , Sun Zhiwei , Wang Xu , Yu Yanxin , Ji Zhongyin , Zhang Shijuan , Li Guoliang , You Jinmao
Published: December 2018

A sensitive method for simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites (3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM), 3-amino-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 1-aminohydantoin (AH)) in marine products.
HAP-01, the first chromogenic substrate forAspergillus oryzaeacid protease
Authors: Yoshiya Taku , Yamashita Nobuo , Tsuda Shugo , Oohigashi Koushou , Masuda Shun , Kubodera Takafumi , Akashi Takahito
Published: December 2018

HAP-01 was developed as an activity-based probe forA. oryzaeacid protease important for production ofsake, a Japanese rice wine.
Ca3La2Te2O12:Mn4+,Nd3+,Yb3+: an efficient thermally-stable UV/visible–far red/NIR broadband spectral converter for c-Si solar cells and plant-growth LEDs
Authors: Li Kai , Van Deun Rik
Published: December 2018

A novel phosphor (Ca3La2Te2O12:Mn4+,Nd3+,Yb3+) that can be potentially applied to c-Si solar cells and plant-growth far-red/NIR LEDs was investigated.
Sub-lethal hyperthermia promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition of breast cancer cells: implication of the synergy between hyperthermia and chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Tae Hee , Bu Jiyoon , Kim Byoung Hyuck , Poellmann Michael J. , Hong Seungpyo , Hyun Sung Hee
Published: December 2018

Thermotherapy has demonstrated a potential to be an effective non-surgical technique to treat breast cancer.
Effect of oxygen vacancy concentration on indium tungsten oxide UV-A photodetector
Authors: Chen Kuan-Yin , Chang Sheng-Po , Lin Chih-hung
Published: December 2018

An indium tungsten oxide (IWO) ultraviolet (UV) photodetector was fabricated with radio frequency magnetron sputtering.
A topological model for predicting adsorption energies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on late-transition metal surfaces
Authors: Ding Zhao-Bin , Tommasini Matteo , Maestri Matteo
Published: December 2018

A topological model for the adsorption of PAHs is derived based on an analogy with the formation enthalpies of metal complexes.
High-performance inverted polymer solar cells without an electron extraction layer via a one-step coating of cathode buffer and active layer
Authors: Zheng Nannan , Wang Zhenfeng , Zhang Kai , Li Yuan , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: December 2018

Efficient inverted polymer solar cells are fabricated via one-step coating of mixture of a n-type small molecule and active layer.
CuO–SnO2 reverse cubic heterojunctions as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Chuai Mingyan , Chen Xi , Zhang Kewei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: December 2018

The high value of hole effective mass is the main reason for the high specific capacitance of CuO–SnO2 heterojunctions.
N-Boronated polybenzimidazole for composite electrolyte design of highly ion conducting pseudo solid-state ion gel electrolytes with a high Li-transference number
Authors: Nag Aniruddha , Ali Mohammad Asif , Singh Ankit , Vedarajan Raman , Matsumi Noriyoshi , Kaneko Tatsuo
Published: December 2018

We prepared highly ion conducting polymer electrolytes with a high lithium transference number using organoborane-modified polybenzimidazole and an ionic liquid.
Utilization of biomass pectin polymer to build high efficiency electrode architectures with sturdy construction and fast charge transfer structure to boost sodium storage performance for NASICON-type cathode
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yang Xu , Zhang Yu , Loh Xian Jun , Hu Xiaodong , Chen Gang , Du Fei , Yan Qingyu
Published: December 2018

Electronic and ionic conductive network accelerate transfer of Na+ among particles and thus enabling cathode to show remarkable rate capability.
A phenolic resin-assisted strategy for MOF-derived hierarchical Co/N-doped carbon rhombic dodecahedra for electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang Chaohai , Luo Rui , Zhang Wuxiang , Chen Saisai , Yan Xin , Qi Junwen , Sun Xiuyun , Wang Lianjun , Li Jiansheng
Published: December 2018

The possible synergistic mechanisms for enhancing the ORR performance of 1.0-HZPC-8.
Facile synthesis and characterization of Bi13S18I2films as a stable supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Adams Keir , González Alba Franco , Mallows John , Li Tianyue , Thijssen Job H. J. , Robertson Neil
Published: December 2018

We demonstrate a novel synthetic route to films of a bismuth chalcohalide, Bi13S18I2, and investigate its potential as the active electrode material in EDLC-type supercapacitors.
Asymmetric selenophene-based non-fullerene acceptors for high-performance organic solar cells
Authors: Li Chao , Xia Tian , Song Jiali , Fu Huiting , Ryu Hwa Sook , Weng Kangkang , Ye Linglong , Woo Han Young , Sun Yanming
Published: December 2018

Two novel selenophene-containing building blocks have been developed as central cores to construct high-performance asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors (SePTT-2F and SePTTT-2F). Organic solar cells based on SePTTT-2F with more extended backbone conjugation delivered a high efficiency of 12.24% with an outstanding fill factor of 75.9%.
Crystal structure analysis and evidence of mixed anion coordination at the Ce3+ site in Y3Al2(Al,Si)3(O,N)12 oxynitride garnet phosphor
Authors: Asami Kazuki , Shiraiwa Masahiro , Ueda Jumpei , Fujii Kotaro , Hongo Kenta , Maezono Ryo , Brik Mikhail G. , Yashima Masatomo , Tanabe Setsuhisa
Published: December 2018

The structural and luminescence properties of Ce3+-doped Y3Al2(Al,Si)3(O,N)12 garnet phosphor have been investigated by neutron powder diffraction and spectroscopic measurements, respectively.
Aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance conferred by Hpa2 of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii: an unusual adaptation of a common histone acetyltransferase
Authors: Tomar Jyoti Singh , Peddinti Rama Krishna , Hosur Ramakrishna V.
Published: December 2018

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose the greatest threat to human health. Among the list of such bacteria released by WHO, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, for which almost no treatment exists, tops the list. A. baumannii is one of the most troublesome ESKAPE pathogens and mechanisms that have facilitated its rise as a successful pathogen are not well studied. Efforts in this direction have resulted in the identification of Hpa2-Ab, an uncharacterized histone acetyltransferase enzyme of GNAT superfamily. Here, we show that Hpa2-Ab confers resistance against aminoglycoside antibiotics using Escherichia coli DH5α strains in which Hpa2 gene is expressed. Resistivity for aminoglycoside antibiotics is demonstrated with the help of CLSI-2010 and KB tests. Isothermal titration calorimetry, MALDI and acetylation assays indicate that conferred resistance is an outcome of evolved antibiotic acetylation capacity in this. Hpa2 is known to acetylate nuclear molecules; however, here it is found to cross its boundary and participate in other functions. An array of biochemical and biophysical techniques were also used to study this protein, which demonstrates that Hpa2-Ab is intrinsically oligomeric in nature, exists primarily as a dimer and its interface is mainly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. Our work demonstrates an evolved survival strategy by A. baumannii and provides insights into the mechanism that facilitates it to rise as a successful pathogen.
The role of LRRK2 in cell signalling
Authors: Harvey Kirsten , Outeiro Tiago F.
Published: December 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common late-onset neurodegenerative disorder known primarily for its motor features. Mutations and risk variants in LRRK2 cause familial and idiopathic forms of PD. Mutations segregating with disease are found in the LRRK2 GTPase and kinase domains, affecting catalytic activity and protein–protein interactions. This likely results in an overall gain of LRRK2 cell signalling function contributing to PD pathogenesis. This concept supports the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors as disease-modifying treatments, at least for a subset of patients. However, the function of LRRK2 as a cell signalling protein with two catalytic and several protein–protein interaction domains is highly complex. For example, LRRK2 plays important roles in several inflammatory diseases, raising the possibility that it may mediate immune responses in PD. Consistently, LRRK2-mediated cell signalling was not only shown to be important for neuronal function, including neuronal development and homeostasis, but also for peripheral and central immune responses. The catalytic activity of LRRK2 is regulated by autophosphorylation, protein monomer/dimer cycling, and upstream kinases and GTPases, affecting its subcellular localisation and downstream signalling. Part of LRRK2-mediated signalling is likely facilitated by Rab protein phosphorylation, affecting primarily membrane trafficking, including vesicle release at the trans-Golgi network. However, LRRK2 also displays intrinsic GTPase activity and functions as a signalling scaffold. As an example, LRRK2 was suggested to be part of the NRON complex and β-catenin destruction complex, inhibiting NFAT and canonical Wnt signalling, respectively. In summary, continuous research into LRRK2 signalling function contributes to novel diagnostic and therapeutic concepts in PD.
Improved non‐intrusive identification technique of electrical appliances for a smart residential system
Authors: Ghosh Soumyajit , Chatterjee Arunava , Chatterjee Debashis
Published: December 2018

Electrical load monitoring techniques are valuable to consumer site for energy saving, permitting reduction in electricity costs. Nowadays, smart grid technology incorporates advanced load monitoring applications, enabling efficient consumption of electrical energy. Non‐intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a moderately new practice to identify the power consumption of individual appliances of a consumer from the aggregated household at a single point of measurement. In this study, an improved NILM technique is proposed by using a shunt passive filter installed at the source side of any residential complex. The proposed method can be realised in two steps. The first step is to determine the harmonic impedance at the load side for different groups of loads for a single household. The second step is to implement a fuzzy rule‐based approach for identification of different loads at the consumer end. Suitable simulations backed by experiments are demonstrated in this study to validate the viability of the proposed methodology.
Interface algorithm development for PHIL simulations of MMC‐HVDC devices via real‐time impedance matching
Authors: Jiang Shouqi , Li Guoqing , Xin Yechun , Wang Lixin , Wang Weiru
Published: December 2018

Power hardware‐in‐the‐loop (PHIL) simulation combines the advantages of digital and physical simulations, which is an effective method to study and analyse modular multi‐level‐converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) technology. For the damping impedance method (DIM) interface algorithm, a real‐time impedance matching method is proposed to improve the stability and accuracy of the PHIL simulation system. The equivalent impedance between the power interface and the MMC converter station is calculated according to the voltage difference and current between them, and the equivalent impedance parameters of MMC, in both de‐blocking and blocking modes, are obtained by the Thevenin equivalent models; then the information of the hardware under test impedance is used to update the DIM interface algorithm. In addition, a compensation control method for interface delay is used to reduce the system error. The excellent performance of stability and accuracy is verified by digital simulation results, which show that the proposed DIM interface algorithm is able to keep the PHIL simulation system stable under different kinds of disturbances and the maximum relative error of the active power <1.2%.
„Sein durch den Anderen – auch Versuch eines fruchtbaren Ost-West-Dialoges“
Authors: Trenkel Arthur
Published: December 2018

Aus Anlass eines Internationalen Kongresses für Psychotherapie wird das Verhältnis von professioneller Rolle und dem lebendigen Erleben und die damit verbundene Doppel-orientierung in der Praxis erläutert. Wenn ich Erlebender bin, dann helfe ich auch dem Anderen. Das gilt auch für den Interkulturellen Dialog.
Rapid time series prediction with a hardware-based reservoir computer
Authors: Canaday Daniel , Griffith Aaron , Gauthier Daniel J.
Published: December 2018

Reservoir computing is a neural network approach for processing time-dependent signals that has seen rapid development in recent years. Physical implementations of the technique using optical reservoirs have demonstrated remarkable accuracy and processing speed at benchmark tasks. However, these approaches require an electronic output layer to maintain high performance, which limits their use in tasks such as time-series prediction, where the output is fed back into the reservoir. We present here a reservoir computing scheme that has rapid processing speed both by the reservoir and the output layer. The reservoir is realized by an autonomous, time-delay, Boolean network configured on a field-programmable gate array. We investigate the dynamical properties of the network and observe the fading memory property that is critical for successful reservoir computing. We demonstrate the utility of the technique by training a reservoir to learn the short- and long-term behavior of a chaotic system. We find accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art software approaches of a similar network size, but with a superior real-time prediction rate up to 160 MHz.