bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult Hearing Screening: The Cyprus Pilot Program
Authors: Thodi C. , Parazzini M. , Kramer S.E. , Davis A.C. , Stenfelt S. , Janssen T. , Stephens D. , Smith P.A. , Pronk M. , Anteunis L.J.C. , Grandori F.
Published: May 2011

Hearing loss is the third most common condition affecting adults over 65 (Cruickshanks et al., 1998)[...]
Strategies of Adult Hearing Aid Selection
Authors: Northern J.L.
Published: May 2011

There is little doubt that the most helpful treatment for persons with hearing impairment are personal amplification instruments – better known as hearing aids[...]
Interventions After Screening for Hearing Difficulties: A Retrospective Investigation of Interventions Other than Hearing Aids
Authors: Stephens D. , Gianopoulos I. , Kramer S.E.
Published: May 2011

There have been a number of studies on screening of hearing in adult populations[...]
Perceptions about Hearing Aids from Elderly Non-Users: A Bicultural Point of View (Italy and USA)
Authors: Alvarado B.
Published: May 2011

Perceptions about hearing aids can vary across people of different cultural backgrounds depending upon beliefs, healthcare policies, education, etc[...]
Auditory Temporal Processing and Aging: Implications for Speech Understanding of Older People
Authors: Gordon-Salant S. , Fitzgibbons P.J. , Yeni-Komshian G.H.
Published: May 2011

Current estimates of the prevalence of age-related hearing loss among those over 65 years in the U.S. converge on an overall prevalence rate of approximately 50%, suggesting that there are currently 20 million senior citizens with significant hearing loss (Agrawal et al., 2008; Cruickshanks et al., 1998; Moscicki et al., 1985)[...]
Auditory Temporal Processes in the Elderly
Authors: Ben-Artzi E. , Babkoff H. , Fostick L.
Published: May 2011

Several studies have reported age-related decline in auditory temporal resolution and in working memory. However, earlier studies did not provide evidence as to whether these declines reflect overall changes in the same mechanisms, or reflect age-related changes in two independent mechanisms. In the current study we examined whether the age-related decline in auditory temporal resolution and in working memory would remain significant even after controlling for their shared variance. Eighty-two participants, aged 21-82 performed the dichotic temporal order judgment task and the backward digit span task. The findings indicate that age-related decline in auditory temporal resolution and in working memory are two independent processes.
Audiological Screening in People with Diabetes. First Results
Authors: Vesperini E. , Di Giacobbe F. , Passatore M. , Vesperini G. , Sorgi C. , Vespasiani G.
Published: May 2011

The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypoacusia has been discussed since the work of Jordao, in 1857[...]
Editorial
Authors: Tognola Gabriella
Published: May 2011

It is our pleasure to announce the first issue of Audiology Research[...]
Oxalate metal complexes in aerosol particles: implications for the hygroscopicity of oxalate-containing particles
Authors: Furukawa T. , Takahashi Y.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols have both a direct and an indirect cooling effect that influences the radiative balance at the Earth's surface. It has been estimated that the degree of cooling is large enough to weaken the warming effect of carbon dioxide. Among the cooling factors, secondary organic aerosols (SOA) play an important role in the solar radiation balance in the troposphere as SOA can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and extend the lifespan of clouds because of their high hygroscopic and water soluble nature. Oxalic acid is an important component of SOA, and is produced via several formation pathways in the atmosphere. However, it is not certain whether oxalic acid exists as free oxalic acid or as metal oxalate complexes in aerosols, although there is a marked difference in their solubility in water and their hygroscopicity. We employed X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to characterize the calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) in aerosols collected at Tsukuba in Japan. Size-fractionated aerosol samples were collected for this purpose using an impactor aerosol sampler. It was shown that 10–60% and 20–100% of the total Ca and Zn in the finer particles (<2.1 μm) were present as Ca and Zn oxalate complexes, respectively. Oxalic acid is hygroscopic and can thus increase the CCN activity of aerosol particles, while complexes with various polyvalent metal ions such as Ca and Zn are not hygroscopic, which cannot contribute to the increase of the CCN activity of aerosols. Based on the concentrations of noncomplexed and metal-complexed oxalate species, we found that most of the oxalic acid is present as metal oxalate complexes in the aerosols, suggesting that oxalic acid does not always increase the hygroscopicity of aerosols in the atmosphere. Similar results are expected for other dicarboxylic acids, such as malonic and succinic acids. Thus, it is advisable that the cooling effect of organic aerosols should be estimated by including the information on metal oxalate complexes and metal complexes with other dicarboxylic acids in aerosols.
Cold and transition season cloud condensation nuclei measurements in western Colorado
Authors: Ward D. S. , Cotton W. R.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that orographic precipitation and the water resources that depend on it in the Colorado Rocky Mountains are sensitive to the variability of the region's aerosols, whether emitted locally or from distant sources. However, observations of cloud droplet nucleating aerosols in western Colorado, climatologically upwind of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, have been limited to a few studies at a single, northern site. To address this knowledge gap, atmospheric aerosols were sampled at a ground site in southwestern Colorado and in low-level north to south transects of the Colorado Western Slope as part of the Inhibition of Snowfall by Pollution Aerosols (ISPA-III) field campaign. Total particle and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations were measured for a 24-day period in Mesa Verde National Park, in September and October 2009. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between mid-troposphere atmospheric pressure to the west of the site and the total particle count at the ground site, but no similar statistically significant relationship was found for the observed CCN. These data were supplemented with particle and CCN number concentration, as well as particle size distribution measurements collected aboard the King Air platform during December 2009. A CCN closure attempt was performed and suggested that the sampled aerosol may have had a low hygroscopicity that changed little with the large-scale wind direction. Together, the sampled aerosols from these field programs were characteristic of a rural continental environment with CCN number concentrations that varied slowly in time, and little in space along the Western Slope.
Minor effect of physical size sorting on iron solubility of transported mineral dust
Authors: Shi Z. B. , Woodhouse M. T. , Carslaw K. S. , Krom M. D. , Mann G. W. , Baker A. R. , Savov I. , Fones G. , Brooks B. , Jickells T. D. , Benning L. G.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Observations show that the fractional solubility of Fe (FS-Fe, ratio of dissolved to total Fe) in dust aerosol increases dramatically from ~0.1% in regions of high dust mass concentration to 80% in remote regions where concentrations are low. Here, we combined laboratory geochemical measurements with global aerosol model simulations to test the hypothesis that the increase in FS-Fe is due to physical size sorting during transport. We determined the FS-Fe and fractional solubility of Al (FS-Al) in size-fractionated dust generated from two representative soil samples collected from known Saharan dust source regions using a customized dust re-suspension and collection system. The results show that the FS-Fe is size-dependent and ranges from 0.1–0.3 % in the coarse size fractions (>1 μm) to ~0.2–0.8 % in the fine size fractions (<1 μm). The FS-Al shows a similar size distribution to that of FS-Fe. The size-resolved FS-Fe data were then combined with simulated dust mass concentration and size distribution data from a global aerosol model, GLOMAP, to calculate the FS-Fe of dust aerosol over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. We find that the calculated FS-Fe in the dust aerosol increases systematically from ~0.1 % at high dust mass concentrations (e.g., >100 μg m−3) to ~0.2 % at low concentrations (<100 μg m−3) due to physical size sorting (i.e., particle gravitational settling). These values are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than those observed on cruises across the tropical and sub-tropical North Atlantic Ocean under an important pathway of Saharan dust plumes for similar dust mass concentrations. Even when the FS-Fe of sub-micrometer size fractions (0.18–0.32 μm, 0.32–0.56 μm, and 0.56–1.0 μm) in the model is increased by a factor of 10 over the measured values, the calculated FS-Fe of the dust is still more than an order of magnitude lower than that measured in the field. Therefore, the physical sorting of dust particles alone is unlikely to be an important factor in the observed inverse relationship between the FS-Fe and FS-Al and the atmospheric mineral dust mass concentrations. The results suggest that processes such as chemical reactions and/or mixing with combustion particles are the main mechanisms to cause the increased FS-Fe in long-range transported dust aerosols.
Analysis of the application of the optical method to the measurements of the water vapor content in the atmosphere – Part 1: Basic concepts of the measurement technique
Authors: Galkin V. D. , Immler F. , Alekseeva G. A. , Berger F.-H. , Leiterer U. , Naebert T. , Nikanorova I. N. , Novikov V. V. , Pakhomov V. P. , Sal'nikov I. B.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. We retrieved the total content of the atmospheric water vapor (or Integrated Water Vapor, IWV) from extensive sets of photometric data obtained since 1995 at Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory with star and sun photometers. Different methods of determination of the empirical parameters that are necessary for the retrieval are discussed. The instruments were independently calibrated using laboratory measurements made at Pulkovo Observatory with the VKM-100 multi-pass vacuum cell. The empirical parameters were also calculated by the simulation of the atmospheric absorption by water vapor, using the MODRAN-4 program package for different model atmospheres. The results are compared to those presented in the literature, obtained with different instruments and methods of the retrieval. The reliability of the empirical parameters, used for the power approximation that links the water vapor content with the observed absorption, is analyzed. Currently, the total (from measurements, calibration, and calculations) errors yield the standard uncertainty of about 10 % in the total column water vapor. We discuss the possibilities for improving the accuracy of calibration to ~1 % as indispensable condition in order to make it possible to use data obtained by optical photometry as an independent reference for other methods (GPS, MW-radiometers, lidar, etc).
Medusa-1.0: a new intermediate complexity plankton ecosystem model for the global domain
Authors: Yool A. , Popova E. E. , Anderson T. R.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. The ongoing, anthropogenically-driven changes to the global ocean are expected to have significant consequences for plankton ecosystems in the future. Because of the role that plankton play in the ocean's "biological pump", changes in abundance, distribution and productivity will likely have additional consequences for the wider carbon cycle. Just as in the terrestrial biosphere, marine ecosystems exhibit marked diversity in species and functional types of organisms. Predicting potential change in plankton ecosystems therefore requires the use of models that are suited to this diversity, but whose parameterisation also permits robust and realistic functional behaviour. In the past decade, advances in model sophistication have attempted to address diversity, but have been criticised for doing so inaccurately or ahead of a requisite understanding of underlying processes. Here we introduce MEDUSA-1.0 (Model of Ecosystem Dynamics, nutrient Utilisation, Sequestration and Acidification), a new "intermediate complexity" plankton ecosystem model that expands on traditional nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) models, and remains amenable to global-scale evaluation. MEDUSA-1.0 includes the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, silicon and iron, broadly structured into "small" and "large" plankton size classes, of which the "large" phytoplankton class is representative of a key phytoplankton group, the diatoms. A full description of MEDUSA-1.0's state variables, differential equations, functional forms and parameter values is included, with particular attention focused on the submodel describing the export of organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. MEDUSA-1.0 is used here in a multi-decadal hindcast simulation, and its biogeochemical performance evaluated at the global scale.
Pilot Study of 15 Patients Receiving a New Treatment Regimen for Androgenic Alopecia: The Effects of Atopy on AGA
Authors: Rafi A. W. , Katz R. M.
Published: May 2011

Background. We examined the efficacy of a new regimen to treat AGA, with attention to male patients who are atopic. Objective. To assess the efficacy of a four-part regimen for the treatment of AGA in atopic and nonatopic patients. NuH Hair is a novel topical combination of finasteride, dutasteride, and minoxidil, which is blended in a hypoallergenic lotion. The other three components included Rogaine foam, Propecia, and ketoconazole shampoo. Methods. A prospective pilot study was conducted in 15 patients. All patients were assessed for the presence of atopy. Each patient served as their own control. All patients were treated specifically with NuH Hair and were given the option to add any of the other components of the protocol to their regimen. Photographs were taken of each patient's scalp at months 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9. Results. All 15 patients demonstrated significant growth of hair. In those patients who utilized all 4 components, significant growth was achieved in as little as 30 days. In those patients who choose only to utilize NuH Hair, significant growth was demonstrated after 3 months. Conclusion. Aggressively treating AGA achieves significant and rapid growth of new hair. This is effective in atopic and nonatopic male patients.
Secondary Sexual Characteristics in the Galerucinae (Sensu Stricto) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Mohamedsaid M. S. , Furth D. G.
Published: May 2011

A list of 1298 species and 172 genera of Chrysomelidae from the subfamily Galerucinae (sensu stricto) with the males having at least one form of secondary sexual characteristic (SSC) is presented. The number of species amounts to 24% of the total Galerucinae presently known from all over the world—a very significant amount. The SSCs comprise various types of modified structures found on all parts of the body—head, thorax, and abdomen. They are not variable but species specific. Illustrations from selected 87 species that include 84 images and 15 line drawings showing various types of SSC are provided. The amazing array of SSCs from the Galerucinae offers a large and taxonomically diverse set of data that are not comparable with other subfamilies in the Chrysomelidae and may be useful in phylogenetic analysis of the family.
Some Rare and Insufficiently Studied Snailfish (Liparidae, Scorpaeniformes, Pisces) in the Pacific Waters off the Northern Kuril Islands and Southeastern Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Orlov A. M. , Tokranov A. M.
Published: May 2011

Spatial and vertical distributions, size-weight compositions, age, and diets of 10 rare or poorly known snailfish (Liparidae) from the Pacific off the southeastern Kamchatka and the northern Kuril Islands are described. The species include blacktip snailfish Careproctus zachirus, Alaska snailfish C. colletti, blacktail snailfish C. melanurus, proboscis snailfish C. simus, falcate snailfish C. cypselurus, big-disc snailfish Squaloliparis dentatus, longtip snailfish Elassodiscus obscurus, slender snailfish Paraliparis grandis, gloved snailfish Palmoliparis beckeri, and stout snailfish Allocareproctus jordani. These species inhabit a wide range of depths. Careproctus melanurus, C. cypselurus, E. obscurus, P. grandis, and C. colletti are the deepest; C. simus and S. dentatus occur mostly between 300 and 600 m; the three other species seldom occur at depths of 150–200 m. The life span of these species is 10–13 years, and specimens of age classes 2–5 constitute the bulk of catches. All except A. jordani are benthophages that eat small crustaceans, shrimps, hermit crabs, and amphipods. A. jordani consumes crustaceans and also polychaete worms, sea snails, octopi, brittle stars, juvenile fish, and fishery offal.
Modeling Agroecosystem Services under Simulated Climate and Land-Use Changes
Authors: Jaradat Abdullah A. , Boody George
Published: May 2011

Ecological functioning of the intensive, homogeneous agroecosystems in the Chippewa River Watershed (CRW), MN, USA, can be improved by reducing soil erosion, runoff, and nutrient leaching. These ecosystem services can be achieved through increased perennials in crop rotations to diversify land use and sustain carbon sequestration. We calibrated, validated, and used APSIM software to simulate the effect of 100 yrs each of historical and future climate change scenario (IPCC-A2) on biophysical processes in representative soil types of the predominant farming systems in CRW. The interrelationships between crop rotations, soil types, climate variables, and ecosystem services indicated that not all objectives of sustainable agro-ecosystem are compatible, and tradeoffs among them are necessary. Site-specific and diversified crop rotations that comply with the environmental constraints of climate and soils could lead to more efficient implementation of strategies to improve ecosystem services in the watershed if current management practices of high external inputs and tillage persisted.
Utilization of Agroresidual Waste in Effective Blending in Portland Cement
Authors: Parande A. K. , Stalin Karthick , Thangarajan Ravi Kumar , Karthikeyan M. S.
Published: May 2011

Indigenous resources for natural and artificial mineral admixtures with high pozzolanic reactivity have been employed in many countries around the world. Extensive studies have been conducted for this purpose. With the use of agricultural waste residue, apart from improving properties of concrete, main benefits come from saving natural resources and energy, as well as protecting the environment by using these mineral admixtures (agroagricultural waste). The effective level of blending Portland cement (PC) in mortar or concrete with such mineral admixtures depends on many factors, such as the type of admixture and the cement replacement level. In the present paper two types of agroagricultural waste residue, namely, rice husk ash, bagasse ash and byproduct from thermal waste and fly ash were used. The above mentioned admixtures were thermally treated at a temperature of 650∘C. Characterizations of mineral admixtures were carried out by FTIR and XRD, and Microstructural properties were evaluated in concrete and mortar with partially replacement levels varying from 5% to 30%. Various tests such as water absorption, bulk volume of the specimen, dry weight of the specimen saturated mass, and coefficient of water absorption were concluded. The results showed that as the percentage of replacement level increases in the entire three admixtures studied, water absorption also increased.
Estudo comparativo entre o método pilates® e exercícios terapêuticos sobre a força muscular e flexibilidade de tronco em atletas de futebol
Authors: Pertile Lara , Vaccaro Thaisa Chissini , De Marchi Thiago , Rossi Rafael Paolo , Grosselli Douglas , Mancalossi José Luis
Published: May 2011

Introdução: O treinamento intenso e repetitivo de um esporte provoca a hipertrofia muscular e a diminuição da flexibilidade. Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento da força muscular e da flexibilidade dos músculos extensores de tronco.Métodos: Foram utilizados dois protocolos (exercícios terapêuticos e método Pilates® no solo) em 26 atletas de futebol. A força muscular foi avaliada com o dinamômetro isométrico de tronco e a flexibilidade com o banco de Wells e o flexímetro. Realizaram-se três avaliações: pré, pós-imediata e pós-tardia. Resultados: O protocolo de exercícios terapêuticos incrementou a flexibilidade nas avaliações pré e pós-imediata e pré e pós-tardia, no banco de Wells (p0,05). Conclusão: Sugere-se que mais estudos sejam realizados, confrontando essas duas modalidades terapêuticas a fim de esclarecer todas as possibilidades de aplicação desses métodos.
Prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas em atletas adolescentes
Authors: Tomazoni Shaiane Da Silva , Zanetto Bruna Guimarães dos Santos , Leal Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto
Published: May 2011

Introdução: As lesões esportivas em adolescentes variam em decorrência de fatores tais como tipo de esporte praticado, tempo despendido e nível de exigência. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas em atletas adolescentes. Métodos: Coleta de dados de prontuários (contendo idade, data de nascimento, estatura, massa corporal, modalidade esportiva, gênero, localização anatômica, classificação e origem da lesão) dos atletas atendidos no serviço de Fisioterapia do IME-UCS, que apresentaram lesões musculoesqueléticas de julho de 2005 a junho de 2009. Resultados: O gênero masculino apresentou maior número de lesões (67,6%). A maioria das lesões foi de origem traumática (69%). O voleibol apresentou maior número de lesões (28,0%). A lesão mais frequente foi entorse (24,8%) e o joelho teve maior prevalência de lesões (25,3%). Conclusão: É de grande importância a realização de estudos sobre prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas, pois possibilita aos profissionais que trabalham com esporte planejar seus treinamentos, podendo evitar possíveis lesões.
Equilíbrio e arco plantar no balé clássico
Authors: Thiesen Tatiana , Sumiya Alberto
Published: May 2011

Introdução: A capacidade de permanecer em posição ortostática e desenvolver movimento é decorrente da presença do equilíbrio e da manutenção da base de sustentação fornecida pelos pés. Objetivo: Verificar o equilíbrio corporal e o tipo de arco plantar de praticantes de balé clássico. Métodos: Amostra composta por 15 sujeitos, que foram divididos em dois grupos denominados: básico e intermediário. A verificação do equilíbrio realizou-se por meio de plataforma de pressão e a classificação do arco por decalque feito em plantígrafo. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,173) entre as velocidades de oscilação dos grupos avaliados. Houve predominância de pés cavos na amostra geral com maior suporte de peso em antepé bilateral. Conclusão: Houve predominância de pés cavos, porém não foi possível estabelecer uma correlação entre equilíbrio e tipo de arco plantar para a amostra pesquisada. Não se evidenciou também diferença significativa nas velocidades de oscilação entre o nível básico e intermediário.
Dismorfia muscular: características alimentares e da suplementação nutricional
Authors: Azevedo Andréa Maria Pires , Ferreira Alan De Carvalho Dias , Silva Priscilla Pinto Costa da , Silva Emília Amélia Pinto Costa da , Caminha Iraquitan De Oliveira
Published: May 2011

Introdução: A dismorfia muscular produz mudanças na alimentação. Com ela a dieta passa a ser hiperprotéica e hipolipídica, acompanhada de diversos suplementos alimentares. Objetivos: Analisar as características da alimentação de sujeitos com dismorfia muscular. Métodos: Pesquisa transversal, descritiva interpretativa, de abordagem quali-quantitativa. Resultados: As modificações na rotina alimentar objetivam aumentar a massa muscular e/ou reduzir a gordura corporal. Houve recusas de convites à restaurantes, reuniões ou jantares, em razão das exigências dietéticas especiais. Os suplementos consumidos são hiperprotéicos, aminoácidos e termogênicos. A dieta e o consumo de suplementos alimentares são incentivados por amigos, comerciantes, professores de educação física e pelos familiares. Conclusão: o consumo excessivo e descontrolado de proteínas e a drástica redução na ingestão de lipídeos, como consequência do excessivo desejo de modificação estética entre os sujeitos com dismorfia muscular, reflete em grave problema de saúde que demanda medidas oficiais, além de uma postura adequada nas diferentes áreas da saúde, especialmente a Educação Física.
Autonomic modulation and chronotropic activity during aerobic exercise in patients using atenolol
Authors: Alves Naiane Ferraz Bandeira , Porpino Suênia Karla Pacheco , Brito Aline De Freitas , Nóbrega Thereza Karolina Sarmento da , Freitas Rosimeire De Souza , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , Costa Manoel Da Cunha , Lima-Filho Guilherme Laurentino de
Published: May 2011

Introduction: The negative chronotropic effect of beta-blockers (BB) can modify itself according to its pharmacokinetics. Objective: To investigate the influence of pharmacokinetics of beta-blockers in heart rate (HR) and autonomic activity (AA) in response to the exercise. Methods: Three groups of hypertensive patients, users of atenolol (n=9), enalapril, (n=8), and a normotensive control group (n=8), performed two sessions of moderate exercise on a cycloergometer, during 40 minutes, whereby 2 hours (Session I), or 23 hours after drug administration (Session II). Records of electrocardiogram were made before, during and after the exercises. Results: The HR was lower in session I comparing with session II of the atenolol group during the exercise. There were no differences in the components of low and high frequency of AA between these sessions. Conclusions: These results confirm the negative chronotropic effect of BB. However, the absence of changes in AA suggests that other mechanisms may be contributing to this phenomenon.
Análise ultra-estrutural da absorção intestinal de macromolécula protéica com o uso de peixe como modelo experimental
Authors: Barbieri Renato Lamounier , Hernández-Blazques Francisco Javier
Published: May 2011

Vários tipos celulares apresentam uma relação histotopográfica na mucosa intestinal, estando os enterócitos posicionados como o primeiro tipo celular envolvido no processo absortivo. Com o uso de uma macromolécula eletrondensa (ferritina de baço de cavalo) administrada via oral, foi estudado o segmento intestinal (previamente determinado) de Prochilodus scrofa para que o processo fosse mais bem estabelecido. Assim, observou-se a ferritina na luz intestinal e entre as microvilosidades, a endocitose (pinocitose), com subseqüente agrupamento dos grânulos em vesículas de diferentes concentrações eletrondensas, bem como a migração da ferritina nas diferentes alturas do epitélio absortivo, nas etapas precedentes à interação dos enterócitos com os demais tipos celulares presentes na mucosa intestinal, o que, por sua vez, é um processo de auxílio à resposta defensiva local.
Avaliação multidisciplinar em idosos com tontura
Authors: Fanelli Rosamaria R. G. , Barreto Filho Antonio C. P. , Raquel Sandra G.
Published: May 2011

A avaliação médica da tontura no idoso é geralmente frustrante. Muitas vezes, o exame físico é inespecífico, e a anamnese, difícil, pois o paciente não consegue precisar sua queixa. A maioria dos pacientes apresenta vários tipos de tontura de diferentes origens, que se confundem numa única queixa. Aliás, esta sensação é subjetiva – somente o próprio paciente sabe o que está sentindo. Além disso, muitos quadros deste sintoma são cíclicos; por esse motivo, o paciente, amiúde, não sente tontura no momento da consulta, o que dificulta uma avaliação objetiva. A avaliação fisioterapêutica do paciente idoso portador deste sintoma, permite esclarecer dados obscuros a respeito dele e das limitações físicas que lhe impõe. Neste estudo, idosos com queixa de tontura foram avaliados por uma equipe multidisciplinar geriátrica composta de médico geriatra, fisioterapeuta e psicóloga, visando a demonstrar que uma melhor caracterização e uma avaliação objetiva desta queixa tão comum são factíveis.
Iniciação esportiva para crianças de segunda infância
Authors: Gimenez Roberto , Ugrinowitsch Herbert
Published: May 2011

O presente ensaio aborda o problema da especialização esportiva precoce, cada vez mais comum nos programas de atividade motora direcionados às crianças de Segunda Infância. Para tanto, são discutidas algumas características fisiológicas, cognitivas, sociais e motoras das crianças dessa faixa etária, com o intuito de auxiliar a tomada de decisões sobre a natureza dos programas de intervenção relacionados ao esporte. Sugere-se que os programas destinados a essas crianças devam basear-se, sobretudo, em atividades rítmicas, de auto-testagem e jogos de regras, e que não deixem de levar em consideração as peculiaridades da faixa etária. Por isso, recomenda-se que esses programas, na medida do possível, sejam norteados por pressupostos da abordagem desenvolvimentista.
Estudo da fidelidade de reprodução de alguns materiais elásticos de moldagem: siliconas por condensação
Authors: Sansiviero Alberto , Mamede Neto Antônio Luiz , Tavares Júnior Carlos Alberto Reis de Faria , Romão Júnior Waldyr
Published: May 2011

A procura e a seleção de um bom material elástico de moldagem são fatores preponderantes para a realização de trabalhos precisos. Três marcas comerciais de siliconas de condensação são estudadas neste trabalho. Os pesquisadores lançam mão, cada vez mais, do avanço da química dos materiais e os Cirurgiões-Dentistas devem seguir, minuciosamente, a orientação dos fabricantes. Conseguiram-se os melhores moldes quando as moldagens foram feitas sem alívio do material pesado ou, no máximo, com alívios uniformes de até 1 mm.
Elementos metálicos em pescados na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Pedreira Filho Walter Dos Reis , Ribeiro Eline Fernandes , Lizarte Neto Fermino Sanches
Published: May 2011

Nos últimos anos, tem ocorrido um aumento considerável no comércio de pescados na cidade de São Paulo. Justifica se o fato não só pelo crescimento da demanda no mercado interno, em razão do gradual aumento do poder aquisitivo da população, mas também pela melhoria da qualidade de vida relacionada ao consumo de alimentos saudáveis. Devido à grande quantidade de dejetos industriais provenientes do aumento de atividades antropogênicas, anualmente, toneladas de metais pesados, tais como mercúrio, estanho, prata, cromo, zinco, chumbo, alumínio, cádmio, cobre e arsênio, são lançadas nos rios e mares. Esses elementos metálicos, quando liberados em sistemas aquáticos, são incorporados à cadeia alimentar dos pescados por meio do plâncton. O consumo de pescados contaminados com alto teor de metais pesados pode causar diversos problemas à saúde da população. A maioria dos metais pesados, quando ingeridos, é distribuída por todo o organismo, afetando múltiplos órgãos, em sítios-alvo caracterizados como processos bioquímicos (enzimas), organelas e membranas celulares. Grande parte dos pescados comercializados na cidade de São Paulo origina-se da região Sul do país. Para este trabalho, coletaram-se mensalmente onze espécies de pescado na Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais do Estado de São Paulo (CEAGESP), por um período de seis meses. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram uma faixa de concentração de acordo com os limites estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS).
Terapêutica de reposição hormonal em mulheres menopausadas: riscos e benefícios
Authors: Alves Édison Aparecido , Vismari Luciana
Published: May 2011

Os distúrbios do climatério manifestam-se quando a produção e secreção de estrogênios começam a diminuir. São inúmeros os sintomas relacionados, sendo os principais a osteoporose, doenças cardiovasculares, alterações cutâneas e urinárias, sudorese, fogachos, ansiedade e irregularidades menstruais, os quais comprometem a qualidade de vida da mulher. Buscando uma melhoria dessas condições surgiu a Terapia de Reposição Hormonal - TRH, com á promessa de alívio dos sintomas e prevenção de uma série de doenças decorrentes dessa fase. Embora seu emprego venha aumentando na população de mulheres, os efeitos a médio e longo prazos são controversos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a literatura a respeito dos riscos e benefícios da prescrição hormonal na menopausa. Numa análise cuidadosa dos trabalhos, verificou-se que as estimativas de riscos e benefícios diferem de acordo com as populações ou indivíduos estudados. A tendência atual é de que as tomadas de decisão fundamentem-se em evidências advindas dos estudos de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Uma análise individualizada dos riscos e benefícios também é indispensável, já que associada às possíveis vantagens há sempre uma série de prováveis desvantagens, que podem variar significativamente conforme o histórico de saúde e as características de cada paciente.
Abordagem hidroterapêutica em fortalecimento muscular para pacientes portadores de distrofia miotônica de Steinert – uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Carenzi Taís , Cunha Márcia Bauer
Published: May 2011

A distrofia miotônica de Steinert é uma afecção neuromuscular progressiva que representa a forma mais freqüente de distrofia muscular no adulto, transmitida por herança autossômica dominante, com alteração no braço longo do cromossomo 19. Na evolução da doença, aparece a fraqueza muscular progressiva, ocasionando grande debilidade na realização das atividades diárias. Em relação ao tratamento, a fisioterapia demonstra ser útil principalmente para manutenção e/ou ganho de força muscular. Quando realizado em piscina terapêutica, o tratamento recebe um reforço, graças às propriedades físicas da água, que geram grandes benefícios fisiológicos e terapêuticos. Neste trabalho, procurou-se abordar um programa de hidroterapia para pacientes com esse tipo de distrofia, direcionado à manutenção e/ou aumento da força muscular, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica dos estudos científicos sobre a questão. Os estudos sobre fortalecimento muscular na doença de Steinert evidenciaram melhores resultados terapêuticos em pacientes com perda de força muscular de leve a moderada, ao serem submetidos a exercícios de resistência moderada em ambiente aquático. Concluiu-se que os exercícios de fortalecimento muscular com base em uma avaliação minuciosa são fundamentais para a manutenção da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com DNM. A hidroterapia representa uma forma de tratamento propícia para esses exercícios, oferecendo maior liberdade de movimento aos pacientes.
Rituximab-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Clifford David B. , Ances Beau , Costello Craig , Rosen-Schmidt Shari , Andersson Magnus , Parks Deborah , Perry Arie , Yerra Raju , Schmidt Robert , Alvarez Enrique , Tyler Kenneth L.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To describe the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with rituximab.

Design

Case study.

Setting

Clinical care for patients with rheumatologic diseases. Most were referred to academic centers for care after diagnosis (Washington University, St Louis, Missouri; Karolinska Insitute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia) while one was cared for in a neurology practice in Dallas, Texas, with consultation by an academic neurovirologist from the University of Colorado in Denver.

Patients

Four patients developing PML in the setting of rituximab therapy for RA.

Intervention

Rituximab therapy.

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical and pathological observations.

Results

Four patients from an estimated population of 129 000 exposed to rituximab therapy for RA are reported in whom PML developed after administration of this drug. All were women older than 50 years, commonly with Sjögren syndrome and a history of treatment for joint disease ranging from 3 to 14 years. One case had no prior biologic and minimal immunosuppressive therapy. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presented as a progressive neurological disorder, with diagnosis confirmed by detection of JC virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid or brain biopsy specimen. Two patients died in less than 1 year from PML diagnosis, while 2 remain alive after treatment withdrawal. Magnetic resonance scans and tissue evaluation confirmed the frequent development of inflammatory PML during the course of the disease.

Conclusion

These cases suggest an increased risk, about 1 case per 25 000 individuals, of PML in patients with RA being treated with rituximab. Inflammatory PML may occur in this setting even while CD20 counts remain low.
Effect ofAPOEε4 Status on Intrinsic Network Connectivity in Cognitively Normal Elderly Subjects
Authors: Machulda Mary M. , Jones David T. , Vemuri Prashanthi , McDade Eric , Avula Ramesh , Przybelski Scott , Boeve Brad F. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To examine default mode and salience network functional connectivity as a function ofAPOEε4 status in a group of cognitively normal age-, sex-, and education-matched older adults.

Design

Case-control study.

Subjects

Fifty-six cognitively normalAPOEε4 carriers and 56 age-, sex- and education-matched cognitively normalAPOEε4 noncarriers.

Main Outcome Measure

Alterations in in-phase default mode and salience network connectivity inAPOEε4 carriers compared withAPOEε4 noncarriers ranging from 63 to 91 years of age.

Results

A posterior cingulate seed revealed decreased in-phase connectivity in regions of the posterior default mode network that included the left inferior parietal lobe, left middle temporal gyrus, and bilateral anterior temporal lobes in the ε4 carriers relative toAPOEε4 noncarriers. An anterior cingulate seed showed greater in-phase connectivity in the salience network including the cingulate gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, bilateral insular cortex, striatum, and thalamus inAPOEε4 carriers vs noncarriers. There were no groupwise differences in brain anatomy.

Conclusions

The observation of functional alterations in default mode and salience network connectivity in the absence of structural changes betweenAPOEε4 carriers and noncarriers suggests that alterations in connectivity may have the potential to serve as an early biomarker.
Stroke-Related Translational Research
Authors: Caplan Louis R. , Arenillas Juan , Cramer Steven C. , Joutel Anne , Lo Eng H. , Meschia James , Savitz Sean , Tournier-Lasserve Elizabeth
Published: May 2011

Stroke-related translational research is multifaceted. Herein, we highlight genome-wide association studies and genetic studies of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy,COL4A1mutations, and cerebral cavernous malformations; advances in molecular biology and biomarkers; newer brain imaging research; and recovery from stroke emphasizing cell-based and other rehabilitative modalities.
Acids and Acid Catalysis – Homogeneous
Authors: Molnar Arpad
Published: May 2011

The concept of acidity has changed tremendously over the years. It has developed from protic acids in the aqueous phaseviaLewis acids with no proton at all to superacids. Acids are the most frequent catalysts of organic chemistry in the homogeneous phase and they find application as heterogeneous catalysts as well. In solution they catalyze a huge variety of transformations ranging from rearrangements of various kinds to alkylations to Friedel–Crafts reactions. Intermediates are carbenium as well as carbonium ions. In many cases they can be identified and occasionally even isolated. Many of the laws governing acid‐catalyzed reactions are known to such an extent that mechanistic and quantitative descriptions can be given.
Evaluation of group and self‐directed formats of the Arthritis Foundation's Walk With Ease Program
Authors: Callahan Leigh F. , Shreffler Jack H. , Altpeter Mary , Schoster Britta , Hootman Jennifer , Houenou Laura O. , Martin Kathryn R. , Schwartz Todd A.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To evaluate the effects of a revised 6‐week walking program for adults with arthritis, Walk With Ease (WWE), delivered in 2 formats, instructor‐led group or self‐directed.

Methods

In an observational pre‐post study design, 462 individuals with self‐reported arthritis selected either a group format (n = 192) or a self‐directed (n = 270) format. Performance and self‐reported outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks. Self‐reported outcomes were assessed at 1 year. Adjusted mean outcome values for group and self‐directed participants were determined using regression models, adjusting for covariates.

Results

At 6 weeks, significant adjusted mean improvements (P < 0.05) were seen for nearly all self‐report and performance measures in both formats. Modest to moderate effect sizes (ES) were seen for disability (ES 0.16–0.23), pain, fatigue, and stiffness (ES 0.21–0.40), and helplessness (ES 0.24–0.28). The Arthritis Self‐Efficacy (ASE) pain and symptom scales had modest improvements (ES 0.09–0.21). The performance measures of strength (ES 0.29–0.35), balance (ES 0.12–0.36), and walking pace (ES 0.12–0.32) all showed modest to moderate improvements. No adverse events were reported for either format. At 1 year, both formats showed modest improvement in ASE pain, but there were 5 outcomes where self‐directed participants showed significant improvement, while the group participants did not.

Conclusion

The revised WWE program decreases disability and improves arthritis symptoms, self‐efficacy, and perceived control, balance, strength, and walking pace in individuals with arthritis, regardless of whether they are taking a group class or doing the program as self‐directed walkers. At 1 year, some benefits are maintained, particularly among the self‐directed. This is a safe, easy, and inexpensive program to promote community‐based physical activity.
Additional features of unique Primrose syndrome phenotype
Authors: Carvalho Daniel Rocha , Speck‐Martins Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2011

Primrose syndrome is a unique condition of intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and specific minor abnormalities including large calcified ear auricles. Only six patients have been previously reported. We describe a Brazilian boy with the striking similar facies and the main clinical findings that reinforced the singular phenotype of this rare disorder. The key features of all patients already published were compared. Our young patient has abnormalities that were not observed in preceding reports: nail dysplasia and hyperuricemia. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial 9q22.3 microduplication spanning PTCH1 causes short stature syndrome with mild intellectual disability and dysmorphic features
Authors: Izumi Kosuke , Hahn Amanda , Christ Laurie , Curtis Christine , Neilson Derek E
Published: May 2011

Partial trisomy 9q involving the duplication of band 9q22 is manifested by a constellation of symptoms including short stature, intellectual disability, microcephaly, pyloric stenosis, facial dysmorphism, and various defects of the heart, distal extremities, eyes, thyroid, and esophagus. In three family members with growth retardation, mild intellectual disability, and mild facial dysmorphism, array‐based comparative genomic hybridization analyses showed a familial microduplication at 9q22.3. On the basis of the described functions of the duplicated genes, PTCH1 represents a candidate gene that may be responsible for the phenotypic findings, although the 14 other genes in this duplicated segment may also contribute to the phenotype. The current report provides evidence to support a specific phenotype associated with a 9q22.3 microduplication and confirm localization of a subset of the trisomy 9q phenotype to this chromosomal region. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ritscher–Schinzel (cranio‐cerebello‐cardiac, 3C) syndrome: Report of four new cases with renal involvement
Authors: Seidahmed Mohammed Zein , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Shaheed Meeralebbae , Al Zahrani Mohammed , Al Manea Waleed , Mansour Fayzeh , Mustafa Tareq , Farid Gehan , Salih Mustafa A.
Published: May 2011

Ritscher–Schinzel (cranio‐cerebello‐cardiac, 3C) syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome that is considered to be autosomal recessive although no genetic defect has yet been identified. In a consanguineous Saudi family, we have identified four patients who meet the diagnostic criteria of 3C syndrome and who also have alopecia, camptodactaly and significant renal involvement. Interestingly, two otherwise normal female siblings have unilateral renal agenesis only. This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of 3C syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and molecular description of a Wilms tumor in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Spreafico Filippo , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Schumacher Richard Fabian , Savoldi Gianfranco , Gamba Beatrice , Terenziani Monica , Collini Paola , Fasoli Silvia , Giordano Lucio , Luisa Bercich , Porta Fulvio , Massimino Maura , Radice Paolo , Perotti Daniela
Published: May 2011

We report on a girl affected with tuberous sclerosis, carrying a germline de novo TSC2 mutation, c.4934‐4935delTT, leading to a p.F1645CfsX7, who developed a unilateral Wilms tumor (WT). Molecular investigation of the tumor biopsy at diagnosis revealed the loss of the constitutional wild‐type TSC2 allele, and loss of heterozygosity for the WT1 gene. Deletion of the WTX gene was also present, but it involved the functionally inactive X chromosome. No mutation affecting the remaining WT1 and WTX alleles, as well as the CTNNB1 gene was found. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen documented the presence of diffuse anaplasia and p53 immunoreactivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of a patient with tuberous sclerosis who developed a WT, and it represents the first case in which a detailed clinical and molecular description is provided. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TGFBR2 deletion in a 20‐month‐old female with developmental delay and microcephaly
Authors: Campbell Ian M. , Kolodziejska Katarzyna E. , Quach Michael M. , Wolf Varina Louise , Cheung Sau Wai , Lalani Seema R. , Ramocki Melissa B. , Stankiewicz Pawel
Published: May 2011

To date, over 70 mutations in the TGFBR2 gene have been reported in patients with Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS), Marfan syndrome type 2 (MFS2), or other hereditary thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Whereas almost all of mutations analyzed thus far are predicted to disrupt the constitutively active C‐terminal serine/threonine kinase domain of TGFBR2, mounting evidence suggests that the molecular mechanism underlying these diseases is more complex than simple haploinsufficiency. Using exon‐targeted oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization, we identified an ∼896 kb deletion of TGFBR2 in a 20‐month‐old female with microcephaly and global developmental delay, but no stigmata of LDS. FISH analysis showed no evidence of this deletion in the parental peripheral blood samples; however, somatic mosaicism was detected using PCR in the paternal DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. Our data suggest that TGFBR2 haploinsufficiency may cause a phenotype, which is distinct from LDS. Moreover, we propose that somatic mosaicism below the detection threshold of FISH analysis in asymptomatic parents of children with genomic disorders may be more common than previously recognized. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.