bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on a prototype spark ignition (SI) variable compression ratio engine fitted with a pneumatic energy accumulator
Authors: ŁAZIŃSKI Przemysław , GŁOGOWSKI Michał , LEYKO Jacek
Published: July 2021

The paper describes investigations performed on a prototype variable compression ratio engine fitted with a pneumatic energy accumulator. The engine was built in the Chair of Vehicles and Basics of Machine Design at Lodz University of Technology. Due to the design and principle of operation, the engine may be an alternative to the already existing VCR engines. The pneumatic energy accumulator fitted in the cylinder head with an additional moving piston allows continuous adjustment of the compression ratio. The system is adaptive and adjusts itself to the engine load, reducing the increment of maximum pressure inside the cylinder. The research focuses on the influence of adjustment parameters of the energy accumulator on the movement of the additional piston and engine performance. Engine operation stability and reproducibility of the cycles has also been investigated. An attempt was made to characterize the engine and the energy accumulator in terms of efficiency and range of applicability (profitability of application).
Powerful – development of engine and vehicle to realise low CO2-emissions
Authors: WEIßNER Michael , WREDE Karsten , WATZL Sebastian , Menzel Tobias , SCHÜTTENHELM Martin , KLÜTING Christian B. , FRAMBOURG Michael
Published: July 2021

The EU funded project “Powerful” supported the creation of new solutions to reduce fuel consumption and emission levels below current levels. The task of the related project, performed with a Golf 6 Variant TDIDI® BMT, is the achievement of 98 g CO2/km in NEDC under respect of EU6 minus 10% emission limits. This article describes the general activities undertaken regarding the overall technical approach, the efforts of developing the research engine, it´s integration into a special validator vehicle and the main results. Some technical features like LTC (Low Temperature Combustion) or heat storage system of engine and vehicle are described more detailed. Beside the NEDC also more dynamic cycles have been investigated including real world driving.
The influence of the driving speed on the exhaust emissions
Authors: MERKISZ Jerzy , JACYNA Marianna , ANDRZEJEWSKI Maciej , PIELECHA Jacek , MERKISZ-GURANOWSKA Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study is to verify the thesis about the influence of the vehicle speed on the exhaust emissions. The influence of the speed on the fuel consumption is quite easily measurable and generally possible to identify, while determining the emissions of harmful substances requires specialized research equipment. The analysis is important from the point of view of the vehicle operation. The paper presents the results of the road tests of a car fitted with a diesel engine. It contains the results of measurements of the concentration of the exhaust components. In the measurements, PEMS portable equipment was used. The study was conducted under actual traffic conditions (motorway driving) on a selected portion of the A2 motorway, located near Poznan.
Operational examinations of agricultural tractors John Deere 6830 supplied with rape oil
Authors: Pasyniuk Piotr , Golimowski Wojciech , Golimowska Renata
Published: July 2021

Subject of the study was the analysis of power parameters of three prototype of agricultural tractors John Deere model 6830, prepare to rapeseed oil as a fuel, operated since three years on different farmsteads. Energy parameters were tested of engine supplied with this oil (RO), then a control test was performed on diesel fuel (NO), according to the standard EN 590. Power of the tested tractors powered by rapeseed oil in relation to diesel fuel at 1700 rpm was about 7–15 % lower. Total consumption of fuel for both testing fuels oil was about 24–26 kg·h–1 at 1600–1900 rpm. Based on gathered tests results, it was found that unitary consumption of fuel was higher by about 11 % than in case of diesel fuel.
Optical infrared-sensor inside the cylinder to determine the EGR- and residual gas rate in diesel engine
Authors: VANHAELST Robin , THIELE Olaf , BERG Thomas , HAHNE Bernd , STELLET Hans-Peter , WILDHAGEN Frank , HENTSCHEL Werner , JOERDENS Christian , CZAJKA Jakub , WISŁOCKI Krzysztof , PIELECHA Ireneusz
Published: July 2021

To meet the increased demands of new exhaust and CO2 limits a research project of Volkswagen R&D, the Techni- cal University of Poznan and the Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences has been initiated; its main target was the development and adaptation ICOS (Internal Combustion Optical Sensor) - an infraredsensor of LaVision for on-line measurements of EGR-rate in cylinder of an engine under operation. The objective of the project was to determine by different optical signals the CO2 concentration, the EGR rate and residual gas which are cycle-resolved in the cylinder.
In this paper the principle of measurement of optical indication has been described. The infrared sensor was validated by a one-cylinder diesel engine and compared to a synchronously running fast gas sampling system (CSV). Finally the practical application of various parameter variations is illustrated in the determination of the EGR and residual gas rate. Thus a new measurement techniąue for the development offuture generations of engines introduced.
Change in parameters and injection times of a divided fuel dose
Authors: KNEFEL Tomasz , PIETRAS Dariusz
Published: July 2021

This paper presents test results of the effect ofpreset interval time on calculated times andparameters of fuel injection. The measurements comprised tests on the test stand with the use of an electronically controlled injection dose indicator. Division of the dose into two parts was accomplished. The fuel pressure in the rail was maintained at a constant level. A substantial change in the injection parameters was shown, such as the flow rate offuel from the nozzle, andparticularly, calculated injection times, which are always greater than the total, preset ones. For a given pressure in the rail there exists a certain limit value of the interval, for which division of the dose into parts is accomplished. The introduction of gravity centres of injection runs is proposed to evaluate the process offuel dosage.
The criteria of fuelling the dual-fuel SI engine with gasoline and methanol
Authors: Stelmasiak Zdzisław , Semikow Janusz
Published: July 2021

In the paper are discussed test results of dual fuel spark ignition engine with multipoint injection of alcohol and gasoline in area of inlet valve. Engine fuelling was accomplished through a prototype fuel supply system comprising duplex injectors controlled electronically. Implemented system enables fuelling of the engine with pure gasoline, with pure methanol, or simultaneous combustion of the both fuels mixture with any fraction of the alcohol. The tests were performed on four cylinder, spark ignition engine of Fiat 1100 MPI type. In the paper are presented criteria to be fulfilled in dual fuel spark ignition engine run on gasoline and methyl alcohol. The criteria were developed on the base of engine testing performed on engine dynamometer. When developing the criteria, one took assumption of energetic equity of fuel doses in traditional and dual fuel supply system in every operational point of the engine. The second criterion consisted in maintaining a minimal elementary dose of gasoline and alcohol injectors, which would assure stable operation of the engine. In result of the performed analysis one proposed a map of possible ranges of dual fuel feeding of the engine with methyl alcohol and gasoline.
Analysis of marine combustion engine processes with vibroacoustic methods for environment protection strategy
Authors: Merkisz Jerzy , Waligórski Marek , Babiak Maciej , Kniaziewicz Tomasz
Published: July 2021

The paper describes the method of a sea boats online diagnostic with the use of the main and accompanying processes analyses. The paper concerns injection and combustion processes taking place in internal combustion engines of the military boats. Authors chosen vibroacoustic processes in the research to obtain the important diagnostic information on the above processes runs and their correctness in the sources of a drive of the HDV off-road water transport vehicles. The specified method of a digital data acquisition for dynamic processes in such combustion engines and sort of diagnostic parameters taken into account were basis of the required empirical research process and further signal analyses. High accuracy of the measurement methodology and process with additional conditions caused the authors could take the obtained signals to the parallel, combustion engineering and vibroacoustic engineering process, according to which they extract important information on the combustion processes runs and their problems. Identification of such problems and its type was helpful to build algorithm of the diagnostic assessment of such processes in the point of view of building diagnostic system for such military boats with the regime of the efficiency of the energy changes and emission control in the all exploitation period.
An analysis of phenomena accompanying ring collaboration with worn cylinder surface
Authors: SERDECKI Wojciech , KRZYMIEŃ Piotr
Published: July 2021

The presented study which refers to the earlier papers of the authors discusses an effect of cylinder wall deformation on the effectiveness of compression ring operation. Presented models permit a mathematical description of a deformed cylinder and definition of ring wall pressure relative to these deformations.
The drafts presented in the paper, obtained in a course of calculations of a compression ring installed in a work machine engine, allow to evaluate the effect of cylinder deformations on distribution of ring circumferential pressure and point out areas where the light slots could occur.
Projection of the demand for energy sources by car fleet in Poland by the year 2030
Authors: CHŁOPEK Zdzisław , WAŚKIEWICZ Jerzy
Published: July 2021

The paper presents an expert assessment of the number of passenger cars and light trucks (with a maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 Mg), trucks (with a maximum mass exceeding 3.5 Mg) and buses for 2010 and forecast up to the 2030 taking into account types of energy sources (petrol, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas and electricity). The average annual mileage and average operational consumption of energy sources have been estimated. On this basis, the projected energy sources consumption for the years 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030 has been defined.
Experimental and modeling study of the gasoline HCCI engine with internal gas recirculation
Authors: HUNICZ Jacek , GĘCA Michał
Published: July 2021

In this study experimental and modeling investigations of a gasoline HCCI engine with internal gas recirculation have been presented. Experimental measurements enabled identification of attainable range of valvetrain settings and air excess coefficient that allows a realization of the HCCI combustion. Factors determining the charge exchange process and the resulting in-cylinder temperature were specified based on computational analysis.
Crank and rocker piston assembly
Authors: KOZAK Władysław
Published: July 2021

The paper presents a qualitative analysis of a crank-and-rocker piston mechanism. In comparison to a conventional piston assembly the mechanism is composed of more elements necessary to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons to rotary motion of the crankshaft. A greater complexity of the system is balanced by a greater number of advantages particularly visible in the module, composed of four cylinders coupled by the rocker with a single crank journal. A greater number of elements allow an obtainment of better functional flexibility of the mechanism, particularly in terms of the piston movement. This feature can be used to control the course of the engine torque, the heat losses to the cooling system, the reduction of the piston pressure on the cylinder liners (friction and mechanical losses) as well as variation of the compression ratio easily performed during engine operation. The natural characteristics of the four-cylinder module have been highlighted through an internal balancing of the mass forces.
The analysis does not contain the elements of design. The design parameters in the analysis are random. They were selected to highlight the properties of the design and show negative and positive features. The relations and remarks included in the paper may turn out useful when designing the mechanism.
Development of automotive emissions testing equipment and test methods in response to legislative, technical and commercial requirements
Authors: BIELACZYC Piotr , SZCZOTKA Andrzej , PAJDOWSKI Piotr , WOODBURN Joseph
Published: July 2021

Legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption is one of the strongest drivers of development in automobile design. Strict legislation requires changes to engine calibration and hardware, but also to test facilities and emissions analysis systems; indeed, emissions standards in the European Union (EU), USA and Japan determine not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory design. This paper is a continuation of [1], and presents the most recent additions to BOSMAL’s emissions testing laboratory – a recently-installed analyzer bench for modal raw exhaust measurement at both pre- and post-catalytic converter sampling locations, as well as EGR ratio calculation, are described in the context of its sophisticated emissions measurement facilities and the increasingly complex testing demands of vehicle and aftertreatment system manufacturers.
Optical single cylinder engines in engine research and development
Authors: WINKLHOFER Ernst , HOPFNER Wolfgang
Published: July 2021

We report on essential design elements of optically accessed research engines and describe selected examples of their applications in engine development. Whereas research topics most often address specific generic topics and are focused on comprehensive analysis of selected engine phenomena, the priority in using optical engines for engine development tasks is in providing data relevant for the operation of a normal multicylinder engine. In this latter case, optical engines are only used if their results have such high value that they justify the efforts required to achieve the outcome. Both, research and development applications, benefit from each other as they promote progress in optical engine technology as well as in application of new analysis techniques.
The assessment of the possibilities of improvement of the extraction evenness in multicyclone dedusters fitted in special vehicles
Authors: DZIUBAK Tadeusz
Published: July 2021

A modification of the structure of the dust collector has been made through partitioning of its chamber into separate dedusting channels to which a number of cyclones was assigned. Using the model of the dust collector a preliminary selection of the heights h1, h2, .... hi, at the intake was made of the individual channels of the dust collector sections to ensure identical flow resistance of the airstream through these channels. The model investigations of the sections of the dust collector were verified in flow investigations. The values of the stream was measured extracted from individual cyclones for several variants of the dust collector. An assessment of the improvement of the dedusting efficiency from individual cyclones has been performed.
Simulation of the combustion in a dual fuel engine with a divided pilot dose
Authors: STELMASIAK Zdzisław , MATYJASIK Marcin
Published: July 2021

The paper presents a simulation of the combustion process in a dual fuel engine fueled with natural gas and diesel oil with a divided fuel dose. Diesel fuel doses – the pilot and the extra dose were injected at different times and the combustion process was different in terms of dynamics and duration. The task of the additional fuel dose was to maintain combustion, which should lead to improved engine efficiency and better ecological features. Dynamometer tests have confirmed the initial assumptions.

Simulation studies have been conducted based on the original combustion model assuming different combustion of two different doses of diesel oil and natural gas. The parameters of the medium in the combustion chamber and the energy-related effect are a superposition of three separate fuel combustion processes of different combustion dynamics. The validation of the model was based on an SB3.1 engine test (engine operating under variable load and speed).

Simulation studies have shown a significant effect of the initiating dose and the injection angle of the additional dose on the engine combustion parameters. The conclusions from the simulation studies can be used for the adjustment of dual fuel engines fueled with natural gas and diesel oil.
The analysis of the potential for the use of gaseous fuels in the municipal bus transit in Poland – part 2
Authors: GIS Wojciech , MENES Edward , WAŚKIEWICZ Jerzy
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses issues related to the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in combustion engines particularly in municipal bus transport. The ecological aspects of the use of natural gas in road transport have been analyzed particularly the exhaust emissions in comparison to the emissions from diesel engines. Advantages and disadvantages of natural gas fueling as well as the current level of CNG use in transport have been presented both in Poland and worldwide. The authors have also indicated the motivating arguments for the use of natural gas.
An investigation of supercharged CAI engine with internal gas recirculation and direct gasoline injection
Authors: HUNICZ Jacek , GĘCA Michał
Published: July 2021

Influence of boost pressure on combustion process and exhaust emission in controlled auto-ignition (CAI) engine was studied. The examinations were carried out using single-cylinder engine with fully variable valvetrain and gasoline direct injection. In order to achieve auto-ignition in-cylinder temperature was elevated with the use of internal gas recirculation (EGR) obtained via the negative valve overlap (NVO) technique.

Fuel dilution obtained via increase of intake pressure resulted in substantial reduction of cylinder-out nitrogen oxides emission. However application of boosting resulted in excessive advance of auto-ignition timing and increase of pressure rate rise (PRR) at higher engine loads.
The analysis of the emission level from a heavy-duty truck in city traffic
Authors: MERKISZ Jerzy , KOZAK Miłosław , MOLIK Piotr , NIJAK Dawid , ANDRZEJEWSKI Maciej , NOWAK Mateusz , RYMANIAK Łukasz , ZIÓŁKOWSKI Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the analysis of the emission level from a heavy-duty truck of the GVW of 12 000 kg. The exhaust emission tests were performed under actual traffic conditions in the area of Poznań. For the tests a portable exhaust emission analyzers SEMTECH DS and AVL Micro Soot Sensor were used. Based on the obtained values of the emission of CO, NOx and PM the emission indexes were determined that provided information on the excess or non-excess of the unit values of the measured components specified in the EEV standard. The vehicle gas mileage was also determined through the carbon balance method.
Valve steel oxidation rate in the exhaust gases of diesel engines fueled with 5% biocomponent diesel oil
Authors: ADAMASZEK Krzysztof , SUCHECKI Andrzej , WISŁA Mariusz
Published: July 2021

Out of the many components of four-stroke diesel engines the exhaust valves are under significant constant thermal and mechanical loads. They operate in a highly corrosive environment of hot exhaust gases. The durability of these elements is determined by the creep resistance of steel i.e. simultaneous resistance to mechanical deformations under high temperatures and the resistance of the surface to corrosive hot exhaust gases.

Long term cyclic heating and burning of the exhaust valves in the exhaust gases whose main components are oxygen, carbon dioxide and superheated steam results in a simultaneous rrosion of the steel surface and core diffusion of carbon and alloy elements in the thin layer of the steel surface. In extreme operating conditions this may lead to a deformation of the exhaust valves, a reduction of the air tightness of the combustion chamber or damage or destruction of the engine.

The paper discuses the results of investigations of the influence of Cr, Ni, Mn and Si on the oxidation rate of high alloy austenitic valve steel in the diesel oil exhaust gases containing 5% of biocomponents. The corrosion tests were conducted in the temperate of 973 K and 1173 K under the conditions simulating the operation of the exhaust valves in diesel engines under heavy thermal loads.

Based on the conducted research significant influence of the said alloy elements on the oxidation rate of the valve steel in the exhaust gases has been observed. The tests were conducted on the engine durability test stand in Automotive Research and Development Institute BOSMAL in Bielsko-Biała.
Selected aspects of application of dual fuel marine engines
Authors: KNIAZIEWICZ Tomasz , PIASECZNY Leszek
Published: July 2021

The paper presents examples of application of dual fuel marine engines based on the expertise of the largest marine engine manufacturers. The fueling systems of these engines have been presented as fueled with fuel gases in various combinations with liquid fuels. Examples of the application of dual fuel engines in vessels as well as variants of the powertrains have been shown. The results of own simulation research (Monte Carlo method) have also been presented related to the NOx emission from a variety of vessels operating in the area of the Bay of Gdansk proving that the use of engines fueled with fuel gas may indeed reduce the emission of NOx from marine vessels operating in this area.
A STUDENT FOCUSED EVALUATION OF INTERIOR DESIGN EDUCATION: A DESIGN STUDIO EXPERIENCE
Authors: KURT ÇAVUŞ Özlem , ÇAVUŞ Mustafa , KAPTAN B.burak
Published: July 2021

This article includes a comparison of two student groups which differ according to their previous learning within a design studio course in the department of interior design. The first group is the students who have enrolled in the department through a transition exam applied after the graduation of vocational schools, and the other group consists of standard students who enrolled according to the score of a central exam. The distinguishing feature of the first group is that they have passed to the faculty after two years of vocational education. The transition students have different backgrounds for their previous learning. As it is known, the design studio is an opportune environment to observe the design process and students’ performances. Also student factor in design studios is currently being discussed intensively to improve the content of design education. From this perspective, it is aimed to evaluate success circumstances of these two groups scientifically through the design studio environment. The success levels of standard and transition students were compared based on performances of the design studios. Consequently, no statistically significant difference was found depends on the backgrounds of students, however some qualitative inferences were made through interpretation in the scope of the study.
A TK 50 konferencia : Megnyitó, Szempontok és kérdések a TK 50 konferencia elé
Authors: Murai András , Tamás Pál
Published: July 2021

A Tömegkommunikációs Kutatóközpont (TK) alapításának ötvenedik évfordulója alkalmából a Magyar Kommunikációtudományi Társaság 2019. november 16-án konferenciát rendezett a Budapesti Metropolitan Egyetemen. A Jel-Képnek ez a száma a konferencián elhangzott előadások írott változatát tartalmazza.
A TK és a rendszer
Authors: Révész Sándor
Published: July 2021

Átvizsgálva a Magyar Nemzeti Levéltárnak és az Állambiztonsági Szolgálatok Történeti Levéltárának a dokumentumait, a szerző áttekinti a Tömegkommunikációs Kutatóközpont (TK) két évtizedes történetének a fontosabb szakaszait. Bár a Kutatóközpont és az igazgatója, Szecskő Tamás a Kádár-rendszer politikai és ideológiai ellenőrzése alatt kényszerült működni, mégis sikerült létrehozni és fenntartani a kelet-európai „szocialista” országok közül egyedüliként egy ilyen profilu intézményt, meghonosítani Magyarországon a survey típusú adatfelvételi módszert és felépíteni egy nemzetközi elismertségű társadalomtudományi műhelyt.
"Hasonló értékrendű emberek vagyunk" : Az ételválasztás és az étkezés értékkifejező szerepe, különös tekintettel az alternatív élelmiszerbeszerzési helyzetekre
Authors: Neulinger Ágnes , Bársony Fanni , Lazányi Orsolya
Published: July 2021

Az étel és az étkezés szimbolikus jelentésének és szociokulturális jelentőségének megértése mára nem csak az üzleti, de az akadémiai kutatások, többek között az antropológia, a szociológia, a marketing, a kommunikáció és médiatudományok esetében is hagyományokkal rendelkezik. Jelen írás célja az étel és az étkezés értékkifejező szerepének vizsgálata egy alternatív fogyasztási helyzetben, nevezetesen az alternatív élelmiszerelosztó hálózatok kontextusában. Tanulmányunk bemutatja az étel és az étkezés értékkifejező jellegét, az alternatív élelmiszerbeszerzés módjának és fogyasztóinak jellemzőit, és mélyinterjúk segítségével értelmezi mindezt magyarországi környezetben. Az alternatív élelmiszerelosztó hálózatok erős megkülönböztető jegyekkel bírnak a megszokott élelmiszerbeszerzéshez képest, és jellemzőik többsége meghatározza mind a résztvevő egyének, mind közösségeik identitását.
Analysis of Factors Affecting People’s Satisfaction on the National Target Program for New Rural Construction in Cai Lay District Tien Giang Province (Vietnam)
Authors: Phong Ngo Thanh
Published: July 2021

The article assesses people’s satisfaction about the National Target Program on New Rural Construction in Cai Lay district Tien Giang province (Vietnam). The data used in the article was collected in 2020, conducted a household survey according to a pre-designed questionnaire, with a total of 292 surveyed households. The information collected is processed using SPSS software and use the method of regression analysis to build models of the main factors affecting people’s satisfaction with the results of the program. Values of variables in the model are build according to Likert scale with 5 levels (very dissatisfied = 1; dissatisfied = 2; neutral = 3; satisfied = 4; very satisfied = 5). The regression results show that the main factors affecting the satisfaction of the people as the “transport system”, “production reorganization”, “market access”, “career change” and “labor training”.
Authors: Asparinda Iin , Juwitaningsih Tita
Published: July 2021

Gal manjakani (Quercus Infectoria) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Asia. This plant is found in Turkey, Syria, Persia, Cyprus, and Greece. This study aims to determine the compounds contained in the non-polar fraction and to determine the antibacterial activity and toxicity of the fraction. Gal Manjakani was extracted by maceration method with acetone then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Non-polar fractions were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS). The antibacterial activity test used disc diffusion and microdilution methods based on the CLSI standard method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Toxicity test was conducted using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The GC-MS identification results showed that the non-polar fraction of gal manjakani contained 27 compounds, with the main compounds being cis-vaccenic acid (35.19%), n-hexadecanoic acid (16.66%), 1-heptadecan carboxylic acid (5.03%), dodecanoic acid. (4.73%), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (4.35%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (2.14%) and tetradecanoic acid (1.31%). The results of the antibacterial activity test showed activity with an inhibition zone of 6.26 ± 0.6 mm against S.aureus bacteria and 8.23 ​​± 0.21 mm against E.coli bacteria, with a percentage of effectiveness against S.aureus bacteria of 15.34% and for E. coli 44.24%. The MIC and MBC values ​​of S.aureus bacteria were> 5000 (µg / mL) and> 5000 (µg / mL) and E. coli was 312.5 (µg / mL) and> 5000 (µg / mL). The results of the toxicity test showed that the non-polar fraction of gal Manjakani was toxic with an LC50 value of 2.1527 ppm.
Authors: Malik Maulana , Ulma Achmad Baihaqi , Sarmoko Sarmoko , Nugraha Yudhi
Published: July 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with a prevalence of 8.3% of the total population worldwide. One of the active compounds currently being developed to treat DM is curcumin. Curcumin is a compound obtained from the perennial plant of the zingiberaceae family containing the active compound of polyphenols and have potential as antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic compounds. Curcumin proved to have functional efficacy in hyperglycaemia, type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. At the molecular level, the function of curcumin involves several pathways including to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), PPARγ, and free fatty acids.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN FITOKIMIA KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) HASIL EKSTRAKSI METODE Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)
Authors: Sulistiyono Fitria Dewi , Sofihidayati Trirakhma , Lohitasari Bina
Published: July 2021

Ekstrak kulit bawang merah mengandung flavonoid, polifenol, saponin, terpenoid dan alkaloid. Metode ekstraksi modern dengan memanfaatkan radiasi gelombang mikro yang disebut dengan MAE (Microwave Assisted Extraction) belum banyak dilakukan. Metode MAE terbukti lebih efektif karena pemanasan pelarut secara cepat dan efisien dibandingkan metode ekstraksi secara konvensional. Tujuan penelitan ini adalah mengetahui senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas ekstrak kulit bawang merah dengan metode MAE pada Staphylococcus aureus. Deteksi senyawa fitokimia dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif, yaitu ada tidaknya senyawa flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid dan tanin. Aktivitas ekstrak kulit bawang merah terhadap S.aureus dilakukan dengan metode kertas cakram dengan melihat zona bening/hambat yang dihasilkan. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalah 5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25% (b/v). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ektrak kulit bawang merah mempunyai senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Ekstrak kulit bawang merah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S.aureus ditunjukkan dengan adanya zona bening dari kosentrasi 5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25% (b/v) adalah 14; 15,5; 16; 19; 19,5 mm. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa MAE lebih efektif daripada metode konvensional (maserasi) dalam menghambat S. aureus. Berdasarkan hasil aktivitas antibakteri, ekstrak kulit bawang merah dapat dimanfaatkan dalam dunia industri sebagai salah satu komponen produk pencegahan infeksi bakteri.

 

Onion skin extract containing flavonoid , catakin , saponin , terpenoid and alkaloid . Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) is modern method with microwave radiation. MAE have proven more effective because a solvent warming quickly and more efficient compared other methode (maseration). This study aims to explore the phytochemical activity presenced in onion skin extract. that was obtained by the Microwave Assited Extraction (MAE) method and to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Staphilococcus aureus. The phytochemical screening of onion skin extracted by using MAE revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The antibacterial activity of onion skin extract was carried out against S. aureus by measuring the diameter of bacterial growth inhibition zones through the diffusion method. The results of qualitative phytochemical screening tests on onion skin extract shows that the positive sample contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Range of onion skin extract concentration used in this research were 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% w/v. The inhibition zone of extract at concentration 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% w/v were 14.00; 15.50; 16.00; 19.00; and 19.50 mm respectively. Base on antibacterial result, onion skin extract can be used as one ingredient in the manufacture of antibacterial products.
KORELASI RASIO CROSS SECTIONAL AREA MUSCULUS MULTIFIDUS LUMBAL MENGGUNAKAN ULTRASOUND DENGAN DERAJAT NYERI BERDASARKAN VISUAL ANALOGUE SCALE (VAS) PADA PASIEN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH
Authors: Tungka Jimmy , Ilyas Muhammad , Murtala Bachtiar
Published: July 2021

Nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) merupakan suatu sindroma klinik yang ditandai dengan gejala utama nyeri di daerah punggung bagian bawah yang dapat merupakan nyeri lokal maupun nyeri radikular ataupun keduanya. Peran otot-otot paraspinal lumbal sebagai penyebab NPB masih belum jelas. Otot-otot paraspinal lumbal ini berperan saat menerima beban saat tubuh bergerak dan saat menumpu berat badan. Ada indikasi bahwa musculus multifidus lumbal (LMM) merupakan otot paraspinal yang sensitif terhadap parubahan patologis yang berbeda pada tulang belakang lumbal dibandingkan otot paraspinal lainnya. Pengukuran musculus multifidus lumbal menggunakan ultrasound dapat memberikan penilaian yang tepat untuk menilai cross sectional area (CSA) otot. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi rasio CSA muskulus multifidus lumbal menggunakan USG gray scale terhadap nyeri berdasarkan VAS. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Bagian Radiologi RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar pada Juli-Agustus 2018. Desain penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 38 orang dengan gejala klinis nyeri punggung bawah radikular. USG gray scale dilakukan untuk mengukur CSA muskulus multifidus pada level dan sisi yang nyeri dan pada sebelahnya, kemudian dihitung rasionya. Hal yang sama dilakukan pada level di atas nyeri. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dan Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata sampel dengan derajat nyeri mild berdasarkan VAS. Mean rasio CSA yang diperoleh 81% pada level nyeri dan 82% pada level di atas nyeri. Terdapat korelasi antara rasio CSA muskulus multifidus lumbal pada level nyeri dan di atas nyeri terhadap derajat nyeri dengan arah korelasi negatif dengan nilai p=0,001 dan p=0,002. Semakin berat derajat nyeri, semakin kecil rasio CSA-nya
The effectiveness of using visualization tools and forms in distance learning
Authors: Andreev Anatoly Nikolaevish , Emtseva Olga Viktorovna , Babkina Ekaterina Sergeevna , Dolzhenkov Valeriy Nikolaevich , Kudryashova Nina Valentinovna
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively consider the concept of visualization, which is one of the main factors of effective learning of educational material, as well as to analyze the possibilities of using visualization in distance learning. The article shows the relevance of visualization of distance education, describes visualization technologies as a tool for improving the effectiveness of distance learning, defines the essence of visualization in education, finds out the possibilities of using visualization to ensure the professional training of future specialists in the course of distance learning of academic disciplines, as well as considers the visualization tools used in students’ distance learning. Based on an empirical study of using visualization in the course of distance learning of the "Pedagogical Skills" course, the formedness of the cognitive and operational components of students' educational activities was evaluated. This allowed concluding that using contemporary visualization technologies in the educational process creates prerequisites for improving the quality and effectiveness of training, acts as a key factor in improving the effectiveness of the educational process. Visualization allows solving a set of pedagogical problems, such as making the complicated educational material of various disciplines understandable, accessible for awareness, without reducing the level of its scientific character, creating conditions for informal assimilation of the training content by learners, contributing acquisition of deep, systematic knowledge, and so on.
Pengaruh dana desa terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kemiskinan di Sumatera Barat
Authors: Ritonga Andy , Handra Hefrizal , Andrianus Fery
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh dana desa terhadap pertumbuhan dan kemiskinan kabupaten dan kota di Sumatera Barat. Analisis pengaruh dana desa dilakukan menggunakan data panel pada kabupaten dan kota dalam kurun waktu 2015 sampai 2018. Di samping variabel dana desa digunakan pula variabel jumlah pengangguran, rata-rata upah, dan angkatan kerja sebagai variabel penjelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif dana desa terhadap pertumbuhan dan terhadap kemiskinan serta memiliki hubungan yang signifikan. Pengaruh tersebut pada kurun waktu penelitian terbilang tidak besar terhadap kemiskinan, serta dianggap tidak efektif untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten dan kota di Sumatera Barat. Begitu pula dengan variabel penjelas, variabel jumlah pengangguran, rata-rata upah, dan angkatan kerja memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan dan tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan serta variabel jumlah pengangguran dan angkatan kerja memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan dan berpengaruh negatif.
Prinsip-prinsip taman ramah anak berdasarkan sudut pandang pengguna
Authors: Maria Catalina Rosari , Pandelaki Edward , Suprapti Atiek
Published: July 2021

Penyediaan taman yang ramah anak sebagai sarana anak beraktivitas dan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan Kota Layak Anak (KLA).  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Citra Satwa yang merupakan salah satu taman terluas di Kota Semarang dengan berbagai fasilitas permainan dan olahraga. Sebagai taman yang baru beroperasi, taman ini telah banyak diminati oleh anak dan remaja dan memiliki potensi untuk dimaksimalkan sebagai taman ramah anak. Beberapa tahun terakhir, penelitian mengenai taman ramah anak membahas apa saja prinsip dalam taman ramah anak dan evaluasi penerapan prinsip tersebut pada beberapa taman di Indonesia. Namun belum ada penelitian tentang pendapat pengguna taman terhadap prinsip-prinsip tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan pendapat pengguna terhadap prinsip yang dianggap paling mutlak dan prinsip mana yang masih dapat dikompromikan dalam taman ramah anak. Demi mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif rasionalisitik dalam menggali dan menganalisa pendapat pengguna terhadap prinsip-prinsip taman ramah anak yang sebelumnya telah dirumuskan berdasarkan teori dan temuan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa menurut pengguna taman, prinsip yang terpenting adalah kesehatan. Prinsip yang dianggap penting selanjutnya adalah prinsip daya tarik taman, keamanan dan keselamatan, kenyamanan, kebutuhan sosial, pembelajaran dan terkahir adalah prinsip kemudahan akses pada taman.
Eksistensi ruang publik menghadapi transformasi penggunaan ruang di permukiman kota
Authors: Sushanti Ima Rahmawati , Yuniati Sri Rahmi , Angelia Tisa
Published: July 2021

Ruang publik hadir memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan masyarakat perkotaan melalui interaksi sosial, ekonomi dan budaya. Ruang publik sebagai sarana interaksi bersama warga perkotaan saat ini menghadapi transformasi terkait munculnya pandemi Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) yang mengancam eksistensi ruang publik. Aturan protokol kesehatan yang wajib dipenuhi setiap individu saat beraktivitas pada akhirnya disarankan pemerintah dan organisasi kesehatan dunia. Setiap individu sebaiknya beraktivitas di rumah tinggal atau lingkungan permukiman sekitarnya untuk mencegah meluasnya pandemi. Hadirnya kebijakan dan pandemi tersebut mempengaruhi individu saat beraktivitas menggunakan ruang publik. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui eksistensi ruang publik di permukiman kota dalam menghadapi transformasi penggunaan ruang yang terjadi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan studi literatur dan studi kasus pada ruang publik di permukiman kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi ruang publik masih terjaga meskipun telah terjadi transformasi penggunaan ruang publik selama pandemi. Upaya adaptasi fisik maupun non fisik diperlukan untuk menghadapi perubahan yang terjadi. Perubahan penggunaan ruang fisik dari skala kota ke skala permukiman kota dihadapi dengan melengkapi fasilitas protokol kesehatan. Perubahan aktivitas penggunaan ruang non fisik dilakukan dengan penerapan kebijakan mematuhi protokol kesehatan bagi warga dan warga wajib untuk mematuhinya agar terjaga kesehatan dan keselamatannya termasuk memanfaatkan teknologi untuk berinteraksi dan memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya.
Heart Failure with Perserved Ejection Fraction Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Shchendrygina A. A. , Zhbanov K. A. , Privalova E. V. , Yusupova A. O. , Danilogorskaya Yu. A. , Salakheeva E. Yu. , Sokolova I. Ya. , Tsatsurova S. A. , Ageeva A. A. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: July 2021

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a syndrome associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Little progress has been in the treatment of this condition since its introduction some 30 years ago. It's accepted that HFpEF is heterogeneous in many ways, ethologically and phenotypically. The underlying mechanisms of the syndrome are not clear. Recently, it has been shown that the diagnostic criteria for HFpEF lacks sensitivity and specificity. Novel treatment approaches, which were developed based on current HFpEF pathophysiological concepts, did not show either clinical or prognostic benefit for patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to revise current diagnostic approaches and to further investigate the underlying mechanisms. Recently, two novel diagnostic score systems were proposed: H2PEF and HFA-PEFF. Recently, a number of phase II and III randomized control trials have been completed. Here, the authors discuss the potential novel diagnostic approaches to HFpEF and treatment perspectives.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Bazdyrev E. D. , Terentyeva N. A. , Krivoshapova K. E. , Masenko V. L. , Wegner E. A. , Kokov А. N. , Pomeshkina S. A. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and methods. Patients with stable CAD (n=387) were included in the study. The subjects were admitted to the hospital for planned myocardial revascularization (ages of 50-82). The median age was 65 [59;69] years. Most of the sample consisted of males - 283 (73.1%). 323 (83.5%) patients had arterial hypertension (AH), 57.1% - history of myocardial infarction, and a quarter of the patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The study of musculoskeletal system included the identification of sarcopenia in accordance with The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP, 2019); verification of osteopenia/osteoporosis according to the WHO criteria (2008); diagnosing osteosarcopenia in case of sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis coexistence.

Results. At the initial screening of sarcopenia in accordance with EWGSOP, clinical signs (according to the Strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire) were detected in 41.3% of cases, but further examination (dynamometry, quantitative assessment of skeletal muscle) confirmed this diagnosis only in 19.9% of patients with CAD. Among the examined patients with CAD a low T-score according to DEXA was found in 53 (13.7%) of cases, and osteopenia was diagnosed 10 times more often than osteoporosis (90.6% vs. 9.4%). Furthermore, due to combination of low bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) and reduced muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), osteosarcopenia was verified in one patient. Thus, the study revealed the prevalence of particular types of musculoskeletal disorders in 105 (27.1%) patients with stable CAD. The most common type of musculoskeletal disorder was sarcopenia - 52 cases (13.4%); osteopenia/osteoporosis was detected in 28 patients (7.2%), osteosarcopenia in 25 (6.5%). The most pronounced clinical manifestation of sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis, reflected by a higher score on the SARC-F questionnaire, low handgrip strength, small area of muscle tissue, low musculoskeletal index, as well as low values of bone mineral density, were observed in patients with osteosarcopenia. Patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis did not differ significantly from patients without musculoskeletal conditions in most parameters, with the exception of the T-score, the average SARC-F score, and muscle strength in men. The conducted correlation analysis revealed not only the relationship between the parameters of musculoskeletal function, but also their association with age, duration of AH, CAD, and type 2 DM.

Conclusion. Several types of musculoskeletal disorders were found in a third of patients with CAD. Sarcopenia was revealed to be the most frequent type of musculoskeletal disorder.
Assesment of Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Myocardial Stress in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardyomyopathy
Authors: Bogatyreva F. M. , Kaplunova V. Yu. , Kozhevnikova M. V. , Shakaryants G. A. , Yatsenko D. A. , Emelianov А. V. , Lishuta A. S. , Khabarova N. V. , Privalova E. V. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To study the level of serum biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and myocardial stress in patients with various types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Material and Methods. 48 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (27 men and 21 women) were examined, the mean age was 54±13 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to the course options: group 1 - symptomatic stable course (n=14); group 2 - progressive course of symptomatic HCM (n=34). In accordance with the assigned tasks, all patients underwent determination of biological markers of neurohumoral systems in blood serum using immunofluorescence assay analysis: N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin-1, E-selectin with subsequent evaluation and correlation of results with clinical and instrumental characteristics of patients. When performing echocardiography following parameters were assessed: dimensions of the heart chambers, the thickness of the interventricular septum, the thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle (LV), LV mass, LV mass index, the ratio between LV filling in diastole (peak E) and atrial systole (peak A)-(E/A), relative myocardial thickness index, left atrial volume index.

Results. Both groups showed increased levels of NT-proBNP and endothelin-1. E-selectin and vonWillebrand factor remained within the normal range. There was no statistically significant intergroup difference. There was a correlation between the level of the index of the relative myocardial thickness and the level of NT-proBNP (r=0.30; p=0.04). A correlation was found between the level of the vWF marker and the left atrial volume index (r=0.32; p=0.04). When assessing the association of indicators of intracardiac hemodynamics with other markers (E-selectin and endothelin-1, no statistically significant relationships were found.

Conclusion. In the course of the research, it was found that the high activity of endothelin-1 and NT-proBNP reflects endothelial dysfunction and myocardial stress in patients with HCM, especially in patients with a progressive variant of HCM. However, we did not find any changes in the levels of E-selectin and von Willebrand factor, as well as their intergroup differences. These results require additional studies to assess endothelial dysfunction in patients with HCM.