bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconnection–Condensation Model for Solar Prominence Formation
Authors: Kaneko Takafumi , Yokoyama Takaaki
Published: August 2017

We propose a reconnection–condensation model in which topological change in a coronal magnetic field via reconnection triggers radiative condensation, thereby resulting in prominence formation. Previous observational studies have suggested that reconnection at a polarity inversion line of a coronal arcade field creates a flux rope that can sustain a prominence; however, they did not explain the origin of cool dense plasmas of prominences. Using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations, including anisotropic nonlinear thermal conduction and optically thin radiative cooling, we demonstrate that reconnection can lead not only to flux rope formation but also to radiative condensation under a certain condition. In our model, this condition is described by the Field length, which is defined as the scale length for thermal balance between radiative cooling and thermal conduction. This critical condition depends weakly on the artificial background heating. The extreme ultraviolet emissions synthesized with our simulation results have good agreement with observational signatures reported in previous studies.
Destruction of Refractory Carbon in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Anderson Dana E. , Bergin Edwin A. , Blake Geoffrey A. , Ciesla Fred J. , Visser Ruud , Lee Jeong-Eun
Published: August 2017

The Earth and other rocky bodies in the inner solar system contain significantly less carbon than the primordial materials that seeded their formation. These carbon-poor objects include the parent bodies of primitive meteorites, suggesting that at least one process responsible for solid-phase carbon depletion was active prior to the early stages of planet formation. Potential mechanisms include the erosion of carbonaceous materials by photons or atomic oxygen in the surface layers of the protoplanetary disk. Under photochemically generated favorable conditions, these reactions can deplete the near-surface abundance of carbon grains and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by several orders of magnitude on short timescales relative to the lifetime of the disk out to radii of ∼20–100+ au from the central star depending on the form of refractory carbon present. Due to the reliance of destruction mechanisms on a high influx of photons, the extent of refractory carbon depletion is quite sensitive to the disk’s internal radiation field. Dust transport within the disk is required to affect the composition of the midplane. In our current model of a passive, constant-α disk, where α = 0.01, carbon grains can be turbulently lofted into the destructive surface layers and depleted out to radii of ∼3–10 au for 0.1–1 μm grains. Smaller grains can be cleared out of the planet-forming region completely. Destruction may be more effective in an actively accreting disk or when considering individual grain trajectories in non-idealized disks.
La Renault 14, une poire exemplaire
Authors: Marion Gilles
Published: August 2017

L’histoire de la campagne publicitaire pour la Renault 14, réalisée en 1977 sur la France, fournit l’occasion d’examiner le rôle des études marketing dans le processus de création de la publicité au sein d’une entreprise du secteur automobile et de son agence au cours des années 1970. Elle permet aussi de mettre au jour les incertitudes sur les résultats obtenus et de montrer les limites du savoir des annonceurs et des agences de publicité sur les « effets » de la publicité. L’utilisation d’une métaphore controversée, “la poire”, donne un relief particulier à cette campagne. Une analyse sémantique de son contenu permet de repérer les interprétations probables d’une telle figure de rhétorique. Son retentissement et son écho durables dans le public et chez les journalistes permettent, enfin, de souligner les phénomènes de rumeurs qui transforment progressivement la “réalité” en un mythe contemporain.
L’hydropolitique environnementale du Mékong, entre intérêts nationaux et activisme international
Authors: Mottet Éric , Lasserre Frédéric
Published: August 2017

Les enjeux environnementaux des aménagements hydroélectriques sur le cours principal du Mékong sont devenus un objet de débat important entre les pays riverains et les experts et activistes environnementaux, pour la plupart occidentaux. Sur le plan national, la question de la gestion très peu concertée des projets de barrages sur le cours principal du Mékong provoque bien dans la société civile une mobilisation, mais celle-ci ne débouche pas sur un fléchissement des politiques d’aménagement hydroélectrique. La faute en revient, d’une part, aux gouvernements qui, même sous pression, contrôlent sans partage la gestion des ressources du bassin et, d’autre part, à l’incapacité de la Commission du Mékong (MRC), malgré une légitimité institutionnelle, à développer un cadre juridique contraignant. Cela contribue à éroder progressivement la pertinence de la Commission aux yeux de ses membres, des bailleurs de fonds internationaux et de la Chine, qui propose désormais son propre modèle de coopération Sud-Sud, l’initiative de Coopération Lancang-Mékong (CLM).
Les barrages hydroélectriques amazoniens, un enjeu de géopolitique interne au Brésil
Authors: Broggio Céline , Droulers Martine , Pallamar Juan-Pablo
Published: August 2017

Cet article développe une analyse géopolitique des barrages et usines hydroélectriques implantés en Amazonie brésilienne depuis le milieu des années 2000. La mise en œuvre de ces aménagements, en cristallisant de fortes tensions au sein du gouvernement fédéral alors sous présidence du Parti des travailleurs, a accéléré l’effritement de la plateforme idéologique et politique du « socioenvironnementalisme » et conduit à l’éclatement de la coalition gouvernementale, rendant possibles la crise politique de 2016 et l’éviction de la présidente Dilma Rousseff. Du point de vue régional, la contestation s’est manifestée sous des formes très différentes dans le cas des centrales hydroélectriques du Madeira (Santo Antônio et Jirau dans le Rondônia) et dans celui du barrage sur le Xingu (Belo Monte dans le Pará), fortement médiatisé au-delà même des frontières du Brésil.
Ressources et méthodes pour l’analyse diachronique
Authors: Diwersy Sascha , Falaise Achille , Lay Marie-Hélène , Souvay Gilles
Published: August 2017

Du point de vue des corpus étiquetés du français, la période des xvi e - xviii e  siècles fait figure de chaînon manquant. Les travaux que nous présentons ici s’attachent à combler ce manque. Cet article présente les difficultés de traitement que présentent les écrits français de cette période, le corpus diachronique que nous avons constitué, les choix techniques mis en œuvre pour son annotation, et enfin propose quelques méthodes statistiques pour son exploitation.
Les prépositions à et de et la complémentation verbale
Authors: Fagard Benjamin , Krawczak Karolina
Published: August 2017

Dans cet article, nous étudions les constructions [ commencer/continuer à  + infinitif] 1 et [ commencer/continuer de  + infinitif] 2 , afin d’établir ce qui détermine le choix entre les deux. Nous analysons le pouvoir explicatif et prédictif de deux hypothèses, une hypothèse phonétique d’après laquelle l’emploi de la construction 2 serait lié à l’évitement du hiatus, et une hypothèse sémantique d’après laquelle l’emploi de la construction 1 serait favorisé en contexte télique. Nous le faisons à partir d’une large étude sur corpus en diachronie, mettant à profit, d’une part, les bases de textes disponibles (BFM, Frantext, Presto) , d’autre part, les outils lexicométriques et statistiques. Nos résultats confirment largement l’hypothèse phonétique, qui permet de rendre compte d’une large part de variation dans les données, et faiblement l’hypothèse sémantique, qui ne semble tenir que pour certaines périodes.
Les groupes prépositionnels avec conséquent/conseguente et conséquence/conseguenza et leur usage de connecteur. Une approche combinée quantitative et qualitative permet-elle de dégager des régularités ?
Authors: Rossari Corinne , Ricci Claudia
Published: August 2017

Parmi les groupes prépositionnels formés en français et en italien avec conséquent / conseguente et conséquence / conseguenza , seulement certains ont des emplois de connecteur. Notre but est de cerner les facteurs en jeu dans l’émergence d’un emploi de connecteur pour un groupe prépositionnel. Une analyse quantitative des fréquences d’emploi de ces groupes nous permettra de voir s’il y a une relation entre la fréquence générale d’un groupe et son emploi en tant que connecteur et d’étudier le rôle de la préposition dans l’émergence de cet emploi. Une étude qualitative observera les environnements dans lesquels interviennent les groupes ayant un emploi de connecteur. Les deux analyses montrent que l’emploi de connecteur semble davantage issu de la dissémination du groupe dans une pluralité d’environnements (permise par l’augmentation de sa fréquence) que de la récurrence d’un de ses emplois dans une structure donnée.
Valve or No Valve: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Casting Options for Pediatric Forearm Fractures
Authors: Baldwin Paul C. , Han Eric , Parrino Anthony , Solomito Matthew J. , Lee Mark C.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of cast-related complications when using split or intact casts. A total of 60 patients aged 3 to 13 years with closed shaft or distal third radius and ulna fractures requiring reduction were recruited for this study. Patients underwent closed reduction under sedation and were placed into a long-arm fiberglass cast with 1 of 3 modifications: no valve, univalve, or bivalve. Patients were followed to 6 weeks after reduction or surgical treatment if required. The frequency of neurovascular injury, cast saw injury, unplanned office visits, and cast modifications, the need for operative intervention, and pain levels through the follow-up period were recorded. The results showed no incidents of compartment syndrome or neurovascular injury. Additionally, there were no differences between complications associated with cast type (
P
=.266), frequency of cast modifications (
P
=.185), or subsequent need for surgical stabilization (
P
=.361). Therefore, cast splitting following closed reduction of low-energy pediatric forearm fractures does not change clinical outcomes with respect to neurovascular complications, cast modifications, pain levels, or the need for repeat reduction. Consideration should be given to minimizing cast splitting after reduction of low-energy pediatric forearm fractures for practice efficiency and to potentially decrease saw-related injury. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e849–e854.]
Interprosthetic Fractures of the Femur
Authors: Romeo Nicholas M. , Firoozabadi Reza
Published: August 2017

As the rate of hip and knee arthroplasty procedures increases, so will the rate of interprosthetic fractures. Several factors, including bone quality, bone quantity, and stability of the prosthetic components, play a role in determining the appropriate operative treatment. Patients with stable components should undergo reduction and internal fixation, while patients with loose components should undergo either revision arthroplasty, with or without additional fixation, or conversion to total femur replacement. Despite implant and technique advances, complications remain frequent. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):e1–e7.]
A Meta-analysis of Corticosteroid Injection for Trigger Digits Among Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Chang Chao-Jui , Chang Shen-Peng , Kao Lo-Ting , Tai Ta-Wei , Jou I-Ming
Published: August 2017

A majority of patients with diabetes have trigger digits. Initial management of symptomatic trigger digits commonly involves corticosteroid injection. However, varying outcomes have been reported for patients with diabetes who receive corticosteroid injections. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of diabetes on outcome after corticosteroid injection for trigger digit. PubMed and other Internet databases were searched for the period 1977 to 2015. Five articles, involving 381 diabetic digits and 449 non-diabetic digits, were included in the meta-analysis. The authors found treatment failure rates of 78% for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, 47% for patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes, and 49% for patients without diabetes when a single injection of corticosteroid was administered for trigger digit. After 3 injections, the failure rates were 57%, 39%, and 30%, respectively. The pooled data showed that patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes had worse prognoses after corticosteroid injection for trigger digit than patients without diabetes. Furthermore, the patients with insulin-dependent diabetes had a trend toward multiple digit involvement and much worse treatment outcomes than the patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes. The authors conclude that more aggressive treatment, such as surgical intervention, should be considered for those patients expected to have high failure rates after injection. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):e8–e14.]
Opportunistic Cooperative Sensing for Indoor Complex Environment Monitoring
Authors: Jin Yong , Qian Zhenjiang , Xing Xiaoshuang , Shen Lu
Published: August 2017

ensor nodes vulnerable becomes a major bottleneck restricting the wide application of wireless sensor networks WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). In order to satisfy the needs of industrial production and daily living environment monitoring, it is important to improve the survivability of wireless sensor networks in environmental monitoring application. In order to have a reliable environment monitoring system, this paper analyzed the damage types and causes of WSNs and the measurement methods of WSNs survivability. Then, we studied the fault detection method and finally realized the design can improve the survivability of the scheme. The robust guarantee scheme through hardware design and algorithm model, realized the remote wireless communication services and prolonged the network life cycle, so as to improve the survivability of the environmental monitoring system.
Teaching Power Electronics and Digital Electronics using Personal Learning Environments. From Traditional Learning to Remote Experiential Learning
Authors: Gourmaj Mourad , Naddami Ahmed , Fahli Ahmed , Nehari Driss
Published: August 2017

Practical works have a fundamental role in the curriculum of any scientist, engineer, and technician. It helps learners to face the real world and put in practice what they have learned to judge their operability. Moreover, due to some limiting factors and due to the growth number of learners, universities and institutes have become inapt to give efficient learning. Distance education presents a future key to reduce these restrictions. Currently, remote experiments together with web-based courses approach significantly contribute to many aspects of education for learners. In this context, the main question addressed is how we ensure that an educational system evolves to better serve the needs of learners? The present work proposes a solution based on student’s Personal Learning Environments ‘PLEs’. PLEs are educational platforms that help learners take control and manage their own learning process, learning modules with remote experiments, for reaching a specific goal. In order to response these criteria we use the Learning Management System (LMS) Moodle, the e-portfolio Mahara, the Remote Laboratory Management System (RLMS) iLab Shared Architecture (ISA) with additional tools and plug-ins to implement the learning by doing environment.
Application of Multi-sensor Information Fusion Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization in Unmanned System Path Planning
Authors: Shi Guolong , He Yigang , Li Bing , Luo Qiwu
Published: August 2017

Intelligent vehicle driving performance is safe and stable, which can significantly improve the efficiency of road traffic and reduce energy consumption, and intelligent vehicle is also the development direction of modern transport. Its core technology is intelligent environment perception module, by using a variety of sensors on the car in which the surrounding environment for data collection, processing module to provide effective control for the basis. In this paper, a new SINS / CNS / GPS integrated navigation observation equation is proposed, and a new federated data fusion structure is designed for the integrated navigation system. The particle filter is used to fuse the multi-source data of the federated filter subsystem, thus eliminating the limitations of the classical Kalman filter. The traditional Kalman filter structure and the federal particle filter mechanism are designed. The comparison shows that the proposed algorithm is effective in the information fusion of the integrated navigation system, and the filtering effect is superior to the traditional filtering method.
Build and Evaluate a Free Virtual Cluster on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud for Scientific Computing
Authors: Xiong Jie , Shi Shen-Han , Zhang Song
Published: August 2017

Scientific computing requires a huge amount of computing resources, but not all the scientific researchers have an access to sufficient high-end computing systems. Currently, Amazon provides a free tier account for cloud computing which could be used to build a virtual cluster. In order to investigate whether it is suitable for scientific computing, we first describe how to build a free virtual cluster using StarCluster on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). Then, we perform a comprehensive performance evaluation of the virtual cluster built before. The results show that a free virtual cluster is easily built on Amazon EC2 and it is suitable for the basic scientific computing. It is especially valuable for scientific researchers, who do not have any HPC or cluster, to develop and test their prototype system of scientific computing without paying anything, and move it to a higher performance virtual cluster when necessary by choosing more powerful instance on Amazon EC2.
Gift – An Integrated Development and Training System for Finite State Machine Based Approaches
Authors: Henke Karsten , Fäth Tobias , Hutschenreuter René , Wuttke Heinz-Dietrich
Published: August 2017

At the Ilmenau University of Technology’s “Integrated Communication Systems” Department a main teaching concept deals with the design of digital control systems. Different lectures from the 1st to the 8th semester are using Finite State Machines (FSM) as a specification technique to realize different design tasks. During undergraduate studies the basics of Finite State Machines and their usage within the design of digital control systems are taught. To conceptualize more complex digital systems, as required in higher courses, it is necessary to use powerful toolsets. One example of such a toolset is the GIFT (Graphical Interactive Finite State Machine Toolset) system, developed by the Integrated Communications System Group at the Ilmenau University of Technology. With this toolset we want to extent our remote lab GOLDi and implement new techniques for a web-based development system for Finite State Machines.
Balance Resource Utilization (BRU) Approach for the Dynamic Load Balancing in Cloud Environment by Using AR Prediction Model
Authors: Gupta Rajeev Kumar , Pateriya Rajesh Kumar
Published: August 2017

One of the major challenges for the cloud provider is the efficient utilization of the physical resources. To achieve this, this paper proposed a Balance Resource Utilization (BRU) approach that not only minimizes the resource leakage but also increases the resource utilization and optimize the system performance. The proposed approach consider two resources i.e., CPU and memory, as decision metrics for load balancing and use three thresholds named lower threshold, upper threshold and warning threshold to define underloaded, overloaded and warning situations, respectively. The main concept of this approach is to place VM to the PM, where resource requirement of the VM and resource utilization of the PM are complements to each other. To evade unnecessary migrations due to the temporary peak load AR time series prediction model is used. The authors' approach treats load balancing problem from the practical perspective and implemented in OpenStack cloud with KVM hypervisor. Moreover, proposed approach resolve the issue of VM migration in the heterogeneous environment.
Jaccoud’s arthropathy, an unusual manifestation of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: rapid improvement of symptoms after tocilizumab treatment
Authors: Benucci M. , Damiani A. , Li Gobbi F. , Grossi V. , Infantino M. , Arena A. , Manfredi M.
Published: August 2017

Jaccoud’s arthropathy (JA) is a chronic, non erosive, rheumatoid-like deformity associated with rheumatic fever (RF) and systemic lupus erythematosus and with other diseases such as psoriatic arthritis, connective tissue diseases, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, infections, sarcoidosis and neoplasia. We described a case of JA in a patient with cutaneous psoriasis but with a particular disease evolution associated with idiopathic retropritoneal fibrosis (IRF), evaluated with computed tomography, magnetic resonance and 18F-FDG PET/ CT. The patient, following failure with steroids, methotrexate and etanercept, was treated with tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) once every 4 weeks for 6 months. A rapid improvement of symptoms and disappearance of 18F-FDG uptake was shown. We describe a review of literature of rheumatic manifestations of IRF and the possible role of interleukin-6 in the pathway of JA and IRF.
Biomarkers, imaging and disease activity indices in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis: the Italian arm of the SpondyloArthritis-Caught-Early (SPACE) Study
Authors: Lorenzin M. , Ortolan A. , Vio S. , Favero M. , Oliviero F. , Zaninotto M. , Cosma C. , Lacognata C. , Punzi L. , Ramonda R.
Published: August 2017

The study aimed to evaluate biomarkers facilitating early diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and correlations between them and disease activity parameters and imaging indexes. Patients with low back pain (LBP) (≥3 months, ≤2 years, onset ≤45 years) participating in the Italian arm of the SpondyloArthritis-Caught-Early SPACE study underwent a physical examination, questionnaires, laboratory tests, X-rays and MRI of the spine and sacroiliac joints (SIJ). An expert rheumatologist formulated axSpA diagnosis in accordance with Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria. Disease activity and physical functioning were assessed using imaging, clinical and serological indices. Spine and SIJ MRI and X-rays were scored independently by 2 readers using the SPARCC, mSASSS and NY-criteria. Patients were classified as: subjects with signs of radiographic sacroiliitis (r-axSpA), subjects with signs of sacroiliitis on SIJ-MRI but not on X-rays (nr-axSpA MRI SIJ+) or subjects with no signs of sacroiliitis on MRI/X-rays but with >2 SpA features and signs of bone oedema on MRI spine (nr-axSpA MRI SIJ-/undifferentiated SpA). Significant differences were found in the prevalence of radiographic sacroiliitis, active sacroiliitis on MRI and SPARCC SIJ scores. Biomarker levels were not significantly increased in any of the patient groups. The correlations between IL-17 and IL-23 and other indices were not significant; correlations were found between IL-22 and BASFI, BASG1, HAQ, VAS pain, between mSASSS and MMP3, and between the latter and hsCRP. Although not significantly higher in any of the three groups, IL-22, MMP3 and hsCRP values were correlated with some disease activity indexes and with mSASSS. Large observational studies are required to confirm these preliminary findings.
A preliminary leaf epidermal and pollen morphology of some West African species of Desplatsia Bocq
Authors: Shokefun Emmanuel O. , Ayodele Abiodun E. , Orijemie Emuobosa A.
Published: August 2017

Desplatsia is a genus made up of about four to eight species which are mostly trees native to tropical Africa. The leaf and pollen characters of three West African species of Desplatsia were investigated using light microscopy. The study was aimed at investigating the leaf epidermis and pollen morphology of the species to further enhance the understanding of the taxonomic relationships in the genus. The epidermal cells were isodiametric, polygonal to irregular with straight, curved to wavy anticlinal cell walls. The species were hypostomatic with anisocytic and staurocytic stomata types. The adaxial and abaxial walls of Desplatsia chrysochlamywere characterised by three-celled head multicellular glandular trichomes with highest number of cells and stomata and striated adaxial surface. The four-armed branched and stellate trichomes with the largest stomata size of 19.5 µm × 15.6 µm distinguished D. dewevrei from D. subericarpa in which the largest cells, lowest number of stomata and size were recorded. The pollen grains were medium in size 26.5 µm–47.5 µm, tricolporate with long colpi. However, the subprolate, baculate exine surface, small ora and lumen width separated D. chrysochlamy from D. dewevrei and D. subericarpa in which prolate, perforated exine surface and colpi margo were recorded. A key is provided for the identification of the species. Therefore, the ora size, lumen width, number of epidermal cell and stomata are additional taxonomic characters that can be used for species delimitation in the genus.
Relationship between verbal language and symbolic play - A case study
Authors: Segal Denise
Published: August 2017

The linguistic ability and play of  a language-impaired child were analysed to determine whether a breakdown in symbolic play occurs together with a language deficit. Observation of  play was conducted at the child's nursery school (unstructured situation) and in a situation designed to elicit specific  play behaviours (structured situation). Imaginative play and its concomitants — affect,  mood variability, concentration, aggression and interaction — were rated along descriptive scales, while each individual play unit was scored for  organization of  behaviour. Syntactic, semantic and phonological aspects of  language were recorded during free  play and analyzed within a syntactic framework.  The normal developmental sequence provided the baseline of comparison for  both language and play. Results indicated a developmental lag in play and a linguistic deviation from the normal pattern, which supported the possibility of a general representational deficit.  A method for  incorporating symbolic play into a language programme was suggested and the necessity for  normative studies in this area was stressed.
A note on pitch control in esophageal speech
Authors: Traill A.
Published: August 2017

An unusual case of  esophageal pitch control first  discussed in this Journal is re-examined in the light of  additional data. It is claimed that high-pitched stressed vowels show evidence of  diplophonia, a possibility not described in earlier studies of  this case.
Redes sociais de internet numa escola de ensino médio: entre aprendizagens mútuas e conhecimentos escolares
Authors: Carrano Paulo Cesar Rodrigues
Published: August 2017

O artigo resulta de estudo de caso em escola pública de Ensino Médio no Rio de Janeiro. No texto, contextualizamos a educação de jovens frente às mudanças societárias. Aplicamos questionário e realizamos entrevistas individuais e em grupos com professores e estudantes. Buscou-se compreender a presença das redes sociais de internet (RSI) no cotidiano escolar. Os dados permitiram ampliar a compreensão sobre as múltiplas interações, convergências e conflitos entre os sujeitos da escola a partir das mediações dessas redes. Encontramos movimentos diferenciados de interação entre professores e estudantes e distintos níveis de habilidades docentes e discentes. Frente às redes sociais, professores expressam práticas que ainda não lograram se constituir numa reconfiguração do Projeto Político Pedagógico da escola investigada.
Identidades docentes e educação básica: as vozes dos professores
Authors: Luzzardi Fiss Doris Maria , Xavier Fernando Weiss
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como tema a produção das identidades docentes nos contextos da escola básica e objetiva compreender de que modo esse processo ocorre, buscando subsídios, sobretudo, em Maurice Tardif (2000, 2012), Maurice Tardif e Daniele Raymond (2000), Maria Manuela Alves Garcia, Álvaro Hypolito e Jarbas Vieira (2005). A pesquisa, realizada em 2013, tem um caráter quali-quantitativo. O tratamento dos dados ocorreu através da Análise de Conteúdo desde a perspectiva de Laurence Bardin (1977). Os dados foram produzidos através de um roteiro de perguntas direcionadas a 50 professores da Educação Básica, os quais atuam em escolas da rede pública, privada ou ambas, localizadas em Porto Alegre e Região Metropolitana. As respostas dos professores indicam que a produção das identidades docentes, no âmbito da escola básica, ocorre tanto a partir das experiências pré-profissionais como das experiências profissionais. Apesar da influência das políticas públicas e das mudanças curriculares, o profissional da educação detém relativa autonomia em sua prática profissional. Como conclusão, observa-se que as identidades profissionais docentes são produzidas a partir de diversos fatores e saberes, tensões e contradições.
On the representation of aerosol activation and its influence on model-derived estimates of the aerosol indirect effect
Authors: Rothenberg Daniel , Avramov Alexander , Wang Chien
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Interactions between aerosol particles and clouds contribute a great deal of uncertainty to the scientific community's understanding of anthropogenic climate forcing. Aerosol particles serve as the nucleation sites for cloud droplets, establishing a direct linkage between anthropogenic particulate emissions and clouds in the climate system. To resolve this linkage, the community has developed parameterizations of aerosol activation which can be used in global climate models to interactively predict cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC). However, different activation schemes can exhibit different sensitivities to aerosol perturbations in different meteorological or pollution regimes. To assess the impact these different sensitivities have on climate forcing, we have coupled three different core activation schemes and variants with the CESM-MARC. Although the model produces a reasonable present day CDNC climatology when compared with observations regardless of the scheme used, ΔCDNC between the present and pre-industrial era regionally increase by over 100 % in zonal mean when using the most sensitive parameterization. These differences in activation sensitivity lead to a spread of over 0.8 W m−2 in global average shortwave indirect effect (AIE) diagnosed from the model, a range which is as large as the inter-model spread from the AeroCom inter-comparison. Model-derived AIE strongly scales with the simulated pre-industrial CDNC burden, and those models with the greatest pre-industrial CDNC tend to have the smallest AIE, regardless of their ΔCDNC. This suggests that present day evaluations of aerosol-climate models may not provide useful constraints on the magnitude of AIE, which will arise from differences in model estimates of the pre-industrial aerosol and cloud climatology.
The SPACE 1.0 model: A Landlab component for 2-D calculation of sediment transport, bedrock erosion, and landscape evolution
Authors: Shobe Charles M. , Tucker Gregory E. , Barnhart Katherine R.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Models of landscape evolution by river erosion are often either transport-limited (sediment is always available, but may or may not be transportable) or detachment-limited (sediment must be detached from the bed, but is then always transportable). While several models incorporate elements of, or transition between, transport-limited and detachment-limited behavior, most require that either sediment or bedrock, but not both, are eroded at any given time. We present SPACE (Stream Power with Alluvium Conservation and Entrainment) 1.0, a new model for simultaneous evolution of an alluvium layer and a bedrock bed based on conservation of sediment mass both on the bed and in the water column. The model treats sediment transport and bedrock erosion simultaneously, embracing the reality that many rivers (even those commonly defined as "bedrock" rivers) flow over a partially alluviated bed. The SPACE model is a component of the Landlab modeling toolkit, a Python-language library used to create models of earth surface processes. Landlab allows efficient coupling between the SPACE model and components simulating basin hydrology, hillslope evolution, weathering, lithospheric flexure, and other surface processes. Here, we first derive the governing equations of the SPACE model from existing sediment transport and bedrock erosion formulations and explore the behavior of local analytical solutions for sediment flux and alluvium thickness. We derive steady-state analytical solutions for channel slope, alluvium thickness, and sediment flux, and show that SPACE matches predicted behavior in detachment-limited, transport-limited, and mixed conditions. We provide an example of landscape evolution modeling in which SPACE is coupled with hillslope diffusion, and demonstrate that SPACE provides an effective framework for simultaneously modeling 2-D sediment transport and bedrock erosion.
An upper limit for slow-earthquake zones: self-oscillatory behavior through the Hopf bifurcation mechanism from a spring-block model under lubricated surfaces
Authors: Castellanos-Rodríguez Valentina , Campos-Cantón Eric , Barboza-Gudiño Rafael , Femat Ricardo
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The complex oscillatory behavior of a spring-block model is analyzed via the Hopf bifurcation mechanism. The mathematical spring-block model includes Dieterich–Ruina's friction law and Stribeck's effect. The existence of self-sustained oscillations in the transition zone – where slow earthquakes are generated within the frictionally unstable region – is determined. An upper limit for this region is proposed as a function of seismic parameters and frictional coefficients which are concerned with presence of fluids in the system. The importance of the characteristic length scale L, the implications of fluids, and the effects of external perturbations in the complex dynamic oscillatory behavior, as well as in the stationary solution, are take into consideration.
Decision support for the selection of reference sites using 137Cs as a soil erosion tracer
Authors: Arata Laura , Meusburger Katrin , Bürge Alexandra , Zehringer Markus , Ketterer Michael E. , Mabit Lionel , Alewell Christine
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The classical approach of using 137Cs as a soil erosion tracer is based on the comparison between stable reference sites and sites affected by soil redistribution processes; it enables the derivation of soil erosion and deposition rates. The method is associated with potentially large sources of uncertainty with major parts of this uncertainty being associated with the selection of the reference sites. We propose a decision support tool to Check the Suitability of reference Sites (CheSS). Commonly, the variation among 137Cs inventories of spatial replicate reference samples is taken as the sole criterion to decide on the suitability of a reference inventory. Here we propose an extension of this procedure using a repeated sampling approach, in which the reference sites are resampled after a certain time period. Suitable reference sites are expected to present no significant temporal variation in their decay-corrected 137Cs depth profiles. Possible causes of variation are assessed by a decision tree. More specifically, the decision tree tests for (i) uncertainty connected to small-scale variability in 137Cs due to its heterogeneous initial fallout (such as in areas affected by the Chernobyl fallout), (ii) signs of erosion or deposition processes and (iii) artefacts due to the collection, preparation and measurement of the samples; (iv) finally, if none of the above can be assigned, this variation might be attributed to turbation processes (e.g. bioturbation, cryoturbation and mechanical turbation, such as avalanches or rockfalls). CheSS was exemplarily applied in one Swiss alpine valley where the apparent temporal variability called into question the suitability of the selected reference sites. In general we suggest the application of CheSS as a first step towards a comprehensible approach to test for the suitability of reference sites.
Expansão E Interiorização do Ensino Superior de História: a formação do campo em Goiás
Authors: Silva Norma Lucia da , Ferreira Marieta De Moraes
Published: August 2017

Este artigo analisa o processo de expansão e interiorização dos cursos superiores de História no Brasil e como se deu a formação do campo em Goiás. Com base nos dados do INEP e das instituições públicas que ofertam esses cursos, constatamos que a maioria deles, principalmente nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte e Nordeste do país, foram instituídos visando diplomar professores não havendo maiores preocupações com a pesquisa histórica ou com a formação do campo historiográfico.
Variações do Poder Camarário na Capitania de Pernambuco: Olinda e Alagoas do Sul na segunda metade do século XVII
Authors: Curvelo Arthur
Published: August 2017

Tendo em vista que as principais revisões historiográficas sobre as relações estabelecidas entre a monarquia portuguesa e os seus territórios ultramarinos tem considerado as Câmaras como principais instituições organizadoras dos espaços locais das conquistas, bem como canais privilegiados de articulação com o centro da monarquia, o objetivo do presente artigo está em demonstrar que poderia haver variações consideráveis no poder camarário, a depender da dimensão de recursos, espaços e competências geridos por cada edilidade. Para demonstrar a questão, se faz uma comparação entre duas câmaras da Capitania de Pernambuco no século XVII: a de Olinda, cabeça da Capitania, e a de Alagoas do Sul, uma pequena vila na sua parte meridional. Pretende-se sublinhar as competências supramunicipais da primeira e os ritmos específicos das rotinas administrativas da segunda, aferindo, assim, os efetivos graus de interferência na administração local bem como os diferentes padrões de articulação com o Centro da monarquia e com o Governo da Capitania.
Câmaras municipais e ordenanças no Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará: constituição de uma elite de poder na Amazônia seiscentista
Authors: Rocha Rafael Ale
Published: August 2017

Com esse artigo, pretendemos abordar a formação das elites locais de Belém e São Luís. Observaremos que, por um lado, a monarquia procurava garantir o monopólio das principais instituições de poder local, as câmaras municipais e as tropas de ordenanças, às elites residentes. Por outro, esses espaços eram procurados por esses grupos, que, alegando serviços imprescindíveis à existência da colônia, solicitavam privilégios que os equiparassem às superiores linhagens fidalgas – signos de distinção específicos, como os privilégios da câmara da cidade do Porto, e a transmissão hereditária do oficialato de instituições de comando e governo.
In Vitro Evaluation of Onlay Restorations on Primary Teeth
Authors: Güzel Kadriye G.U. , Altun Ayşe C. , Kirzioğlu Zuhal
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Many novel materials have been developed such as composite resin, ceramic, zircon or metal-supported ceramic for use in aesthetic restoration of primary teeth and permanent teeth with extensive crown damage. The aim of the present study was to compare microtensile bond strengths on materials using the microtensile bond strength test.

Materials and methods

The microtensile bond strength on the primary tooth dentin was measured on extracted primary teeth using an indirect method and fracture patterns were evaluated.

Results

The analysis of bond strengths using the Mann-Whitney U-test did not show significant difference between the rank averages of the compomer and composite resin (p = 0.741). The dentin sections, from which test samples were obtained, contributed to the bond strength; dentin samples obtained just above the pulp had lower bond strength, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). The adhesive type fracture was the most prevalent fracture type for both materials.

Conclusions

When the chemical, physiological, and micromorphological differences between primary and permanent teeth are taken into consideration, the success of the materials used for restorations can be different between primary and permanent teeth. Therefore, materials used in the dentistry must be evaluated separately for primary teeth.
Mechanistic and clinical insights at the scleroderma-cancer interface
Authors: Shah Ami A. , Casciola-Rosen Livia
Published: August 2017

Emerging data suggest tantalizing links between cancer and systemic inflammatory rheumatic syndromes. In scleroderma, patients may have an increased risk of cancer, secondary to chronic inflammation and damage from the disease, malignant transformation promoted by immunosuppressive therapies, a shared susceptibility to both cancer and autoimmunity, or a common inciting exposure. However, it is increasingly recognized that a subset of patients develop cancer around the time that scleroderma clinically manifests, raising the question of cancer-induced autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss data suggesting a mechanistic link between cancer and the development of scleroderma, and the clinical implications of these findings.
A Randomized Comparison between an Intravenous Catheter System with a Retractable Guidewire and Conventional Intravenous Catheters
Authors: Chick Jeffrey Forris Beecham , Reddy Shilpa N. , Chen James X. , Sammarco Therese , Chittams Jesse , Trerotola Scott O.
Published: August 2017

Introduction

The aim of this study is to compare an intravenous (IV) catheter system which uses a retractable guidewire (RG-IV) designed to facilitate IV placement with a conventional IV (C-IV) catheter control.

Materials and methods

A prospective, randomized design was used. Patients referred to interventional radiology for outpatient procedures were offered participation. Enrollment occurred between August and November 2013. Patients were assigned to receive the RG-IV or C-IV in a 1:1 randomization scheme. After assignment, up to three attempts by a registered nurse occurred with the assigned device; if all three attempts failed, crossover to the other device occurred. The primary outcome variable was first-attempt success at IV placement. Secondary outcome variables included patient and clinician satisfaction, number of attempts, and time to successful placement. Two hundred twenty patients were enrolled (139 men, 81 women) in the study.

Results

Of the 220 patients, two were withdrawn prior to IV attempt leaving 218 subjects, 109 in each group. First attempt success (77% RG-IV vs. 82% C-IV, p = 0.5), number of attempts to achieve IV access (1.26 RG-IV vs. 1.29 C-IV, p = 0.98), and time to achieve IV success (2.9 minutes RG-IV vs. 2.7 C-IV, p = 0.82) did not differ between groups. Patient satisfaction with insertion was higher in the C-IV group (4.5/5 vs. 3.9/5, p<0.001) although comfort comparison was not (3.3/5 RG-IV vs. 3.5/5 C-IV, p = 0.15).

Conclusions

In an interventional radiology outpatient population, the RG-IV and C-IV were comparable in first-attempt success, number of attempts, and time to achieve IV success. Patient satisfaction was higher with C-IV.
A mechanism of banding failure in excessively dilated fistulas
Authors: Mallios Alexandros , Lucas John , Jennings William
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

We present an unreported cause of banding failure for flow restriction in dramatically enlarged arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs).

Case series:

Four patients operated in different institutions by two different surgeons experienced band failure within 6 months of the initially successful operation for AVF flow restriction. Prior to the initial banding procedure, each patient’s AVF was noted to have major dilatation of the post-anastomotic segment (>2 cm). All patients required a second operation for flow reduction with reconstruction of the AVF anastomosis to a tapered, smaller size. During this second procedure, the suture tie used for banding in each patient was found to have eroded a portion of the vessel wall and was extending into the fistula lumen. No thrombosis or bleeding was encountered and all AVFs have remained functional after revision.

Conclusions:

Identical findings in these four patients suggest that the extensive infolding and caliber diameter reduction created by banding these massively dilated fistulas, when combined with the pulsatility induced in the pre-banding segment, leads to a gradual incorporation of the suture tie into the vessel wall and finally within the lumen. We suggest erosion of banding material and failure of flow reduction may occur with any technique but may be more likely with a single polypropylene suture restricting very large AVF. We suggest such excessively dilated fistulas requiring flow reduction may be successfully treated by reconstruction of the AVF anastomosis to a much smaller size with tapering of the outflow vein to accommodate the revision.
Atypical use of PICC in Infants and Small Children: A Unicentric Experience
Authors: Bernasconi Filippo , Zanaboni Clelia , Dato Andrea , Dolcino Andrea , Bevilacqua Michela , Montagnini Luigi , Disma Nicola
Published: August 2017

Introduction

The peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are vascular access devices (VAD) that are increasingly being used in the pediatric population. If a small vein caliber prevents positioning the catheter in the arm, the following step is to position the same catheter in the supraclavicular area, which can be defined as an off-label use or “atypical” approach, first described by Pittiruti.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed PICC positioning with puncture-site in the supra-clavicular area (“atypical” PICC insertion) and then tunneled on the chest.

Results

Nineteen atypical PICCs were positioned in 18 patients. The median age of patients at the day of implant was 14 months (IQR 3-27 months), and weight 7.5 kg (IQR 4-12 kg). Within this population, 74% of cases scheduled for a typical PICC insertion presented vein caliber too small for this procedure. For this reason, the typical PICC insertion was changed in favor of an atypical PICC procedure. Atypical PICCs were successfully used in 100% of cases without immediate complications.

Conclusions

Atypical PICC positioning is a safe and useful alternative to the conventional technique when there is need for a central vascular access device (CVAD) for mid- or long-term therapy.