bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectacular Men and the Violence They Perform
Authors: Lehnen Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Chapter two considers how contemporary film responds to the question of who is responsible for crime, both in the recent past and, implicitly, also today. The chapter demonstrates how Cidade de Deus is exemplary of contemporary narratives that depict urban violence, crime, and the divided city, intertwining these elements. The film accomplishes this by suturing the viewer into the cinematic action through the deployment of a “masculine aesthetics.” This entices the viewer to get lost in the action which blurs the reel and real (hooks 1996). Through the obfuscation between the real/reel, the film naturalizes violence associated with the marginal male, reinforcing constructions of social divisions. Through this sleight of hand, Cidade de Deus ultimately sanctions the state’s deployment of violence against the marginal male by naturalizing his criminalization.
Brotherhoods of Exception
Authors: Lehnen Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Chapter three analyzes Lúcia Murat’s 2004 film. Quase Dois Irmãos, similar to Cidade de Deus, employs a teleological historical narrative to explain criminality in Brazil. The film traces a continuum between the violence of the 1964–1985 authoritarian regime and contemporary socio-political conditions in Brazilian society. Murat places the history of the repressive abuses of the regime in dialogue with contemporary street-crime narratives to expose the legacy of totalitarian violence and the underlying authoritarian character of Brazilian society. The at times violent rivalry between the film’s protagonists Miguel (Caco Ciocler/Werner Schüemann), a senator, and Jorginho (Flávio Bauraqui/Antônio Pompêo), a drug boss, is metonymic of the tensions between hegemonic masculinity and marginal masculinities. Quase Dois Irmãos reveals the authoritarian tendencies that undergird present-day social conflict, exposes the historical lineage of male violence, naturalizes the violence of the marginal male, guarantees the dominant position of hegemonic masculinity, and ensures the sustained predominance of the neo-authoritarian male.
A Superhero of Their Own
Authors: Lehnen Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Chapter six delves into the world of superheroes and cinema in Brazil. In the last two decades, comics and graphic novels have grown in popularity and have made inroads into cultural venues beyond the publishing realm. The film industry took particular notice of this trend. This chapter discusses Gustavo Bonafé’s 2018 film O Doutrinador, based on Marcelo Yuka and Luciano Cunha’s 2015 homonymous graphic novel. The film is part of an ever-expanding body of “superhero films” that are ubiquitous internationally at the twenty-first century cineplex. O Doutrinador brings the superhero to the context of 2018 Brazil, the presidential elections, and the inauguration of Jair Bolsonaro. Employing the superhero genre and growing comic book fandom, this chapter argues that O Doutrinador posits neo-authoritarian masculinity and the justiceiro Doutrinador as the heroic figure of the Brazilian society and as society’s only answer to current social and political upheaval. In doing this, the film ultimately contributes to the country’s slide to the right politically by constructing this savior figure with parallels to the rise of proto-fascist leaders, or as Marcia Tuburi has denominated them Turbotechnomachofascistas (2020), such as Jair Bolsonaro, both in Brazil and internationally.
Conclusion
Authors: Lehnen Jeremy
Published: September 2022

The conclusion returns to the socio-political context of contemporary Brazil to consider Brazil’s recent slide to the right politically, which has been accompanied by a surge in police violence, violence against women, assaults on the LGBTQIA+ community, all occurring in the shadow of the films discussed.
Presidios of Spanish West Florida
Authors: Bense Judith A.
Published: September 2022

Presidios of Spanish West Florida provides the first comprehensive synthesis of historical and archaeological investigations conducted at the fortified settlements built by Spain in the Florida panhandle from 1698 to 1763. Combining intensive research by author Judith Bense, a lifelong specialist on the Spanish West Florida period, with a century’s worth of additional data, this landmark study brings to light four presidio locations that have long been overshadowed by the presidio at St. Augustine to the east, revealing the rest of the story of early Spanish Florida.
Bense details a history fraught with catastrophe—hurricanes, war against France and England, and treaties that forced the Spanish base in West Florida to be uprooted and rebuilt four times. Examining each presidio, including associated military outposts, a shipwreck, and refugee mission villages of the Apalachee and Yamasee Indians, this book provides four discrete, sequential windows into the Spanish presence in the region. Bense compares the population to that of Presidio San Agustln, established 133 years earlier, revealing very different communities, people, and local customs. Interwoven with these historical findings is an account of how the general public has participated in investigations in the region, providing readers with an understanding of eighteenth-century West Florida and the development of public archaeology in the state from the person who initiated and directed much of the research.
Introduction
Authors: Bense Judith A.
Published: September 2022

The introductory chapter presents a review of the historical archaeology conducted in Spanish West Florida, a summary of the historical events that led to the establishment of a presidio in the region in 1698, and an overview of the people and movements of the presidio. Also introduced is the development, inclusion, and contribution of the general public in producing the information to follow. Public archaeology has been and continues to be a very important factor in the generation of the wealth of information synthesized in this volume. Finally, the reader is provided a glimpse of what to expect in the following chapters and the surprising conclusions.
Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola, 1756–1763
Authors: Bense Judith A.
Published: September 2022

Chapter 5 was the fourth and final location of the presidio. A slow transition from Santa Rosa resulted in the military facilities and housing being built before the enclosing fort wall. The transfer to the British resulted in excellent descriptions and maps of the buildings and fort. Archaeology revealed many architectural remains and the residences of an officer, a Native American, and a resident trader. The ceramic assemblage has several unusual aspects which reflect the expansion of the Spanish trade. The British led Indian War of 1761 destroyed the Apalachee and Yamasee mission villages and they moved to San Miguel for safety.
Introduction
Authors: Barros Sandro R. , Ocasio Rafael , Willis Angela L.
Published: September 2022

This chapter places Reinaldo Arenas’s trajectory as a rising literary figure who reached maturity during the initial years of the Cuban revolution. His literary training and eventual dissatisfaction reflect ideological changes in revolutionary praxis, leading to Arenas’s exit from Cuba as a Marielito refugee in May 1980. Within the ten-year span, until his death by suicide in 1990, Arenas became a vocal Queer activist, completing a rather complex and experimental literary corpus, some of it initially started while in Cuba and smuggled out of the island by means of friends.
Testifying to the Mentors’ Deaths
Authors: Barros Sandro R. , Ocasio Rafael , Willis Angela L.
Published: September 2022

This chapter contemplates Reinaldo Arenas’s role as both teacher and student, centering on his relationships with mentors and beloved friends Virgilio Piñera and José Lezama Lima. While facing a terminal diagnosis, Arenas wrote against the clock to ensure his own literary legacy. The authors examine how he depicts his teachers in letters, essays, unpublished sources, and in two of his last published works, Antes que anochezca and El color del verano. Approaching his suicide, he employed “writing as a means of righting,” radically rewriting his masters’ deaths, perhaps reflecting his desires for his own artistic afterlife. Arenas’s rewriting of their works, lives, and deaths forms part of his queer activism. This section is enriched by little-known works by Arenas and texts by other Cubans of his generation.
Texture Image Analysis for Larger Lattice Structure using Orthogonal Polynomial framework
Authors: Ganesan L , Umarani C , Kaliappan M , Vimal S , Kadry Seifedine , Nam Yunyoung
Published: September 2022

An Orthogonal Polynomial Framework using 3 x 3 mathematical model has been proposed and attempted for the textureanalysis by L.Ganesan and P.Bhattacharyya during 1990. They proposed this frame work which was unified to address both edgeand texture detection. Subsequently, this work has been extended for different applications by them and by different authors overa period of time. Now the Orthogonal Polynomial Framework has been shown effective for larger grid size of (5 x 5) or (7 x 7) orhigher, to analyze textured surfaces. The image region (5 x 5) under consideration is evaluated to be textured or untextured usinga statistical approach. Once the image region is concluded to be textured, it is proposed to be described by a local descriptor,called pro5num, computed by a simple coding scheme on the individual pixels based on their computed significant variances. Thehistogram of all the pro5nums computed over the entire image, called pro5spectrum, is considered to be the global descriptor.The novelty of this scheme is that it can be used for discriminating the region under consideration is micro or macro texture,based on the range of values in the global descriptor. This method works fine for many standard texture images. The works usingthe proposed descriptors for many texture analysis problems with (5 x5) including higher grid size and applications are underprogress
A Comprehensive Study of Learning Approaches for Author Gender Identification
Authors: Dalyan Tuğba , Ayral Hakan , Özdemir Özgür
Published: September 2022

In recent years, author gender identification is an important yet challenging task in the fields of information retrieval and computational linguistics. In this paper, different learning approaches are presented to address the problem of author gender identification for Turkish articles. First, several classification algorithms are applied to the list of representations based on different paradigms: fixed-length vector representations such as Stylometric Features (SF), Bag-of-Words (BoW) and distributed word/document embeddings such as Word2vec, fastText and Doc2vec. Secondly, deep learning architectures, Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), special kinds of RNN such as Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), C-RNN, Bidirectional LSTM (bi-LSTM), Bidirectional GRU (bi-GRU), Hierarchical Attention Networks and Multi-head Attention (MHA) are designated and their comparable performances are evaluated. We conducted a variety of experiments and achieved outstanding empirical results. To conclude, ML algorithms with BoW have promising results. fast-Text is also probably suitable between embedding models. This comprehensive study contributes to literature utilizing different learning approaches based on several ways of representations. It is also first important attempt to identify author gender applying SF, fastText and DNN architectures to the Turkish language.
BERT-based Transfer Learning Model for COVID-19 Sentiment Analysis on Turkish Instagram Comments
Authors: Karayiğit Habibe , Akdagli Ali , Acı Çiğdem İnan
Published: September 2022

First seen in Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a worldwide epidemic. Turkey’s first reported case was announced on March 11, 2020—the day the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 is a pandemic. Due to the intense and widespread use of social media during the pandemic, determining the role and effect (i.e., positive, negative, neutral) of social media gives us important information about society's perspective on events. In our study, two datasets (i.e. Dataset1, Dataset2) consisting of Instagram comments on COVID-19 were composed between different dates of the pandemic, and the change between users' feelings and thoughts about the epidemic was analyzed. The datasets are the first publicly available Turkish datasets on the sentiment analysis of COVID-19, as far as we know. The sentiment analysis of Turkish Instagram comments was performed using Machine Learning models (i.e., Traditional Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and BERT-based Transfer Learning). In the experiments, the balanced versions of these datasets (i.e. resDataset1, resDataset2) were taken into account as well as the original ones. The BERT-based Transfer Learning model achieved the highest classification success with 0.7864 macro-averaged F1 score values in resDataset1 and 0.7120 in resDataset2. It has been proven that the use of a pre-trained language model in Turkish datasets is more successful than other models in terms of classification performance.
A Neighborhood Based Particle Swarm Optimization with Sine Co-sine Mutation Operator for Feature Selection
Authors: Qiu Chenye
Published: September 2022

Feature selection is a vital data pre-processing process in many practical applications. Feature selection aims to get rid of those unnecessary features and improve the performance of the classification model. In this paper, a neighborhood based particle swarm optimization with sine cosine mutation operator (NPSOSC) is proposed to select the most informative feature subset. The improvements are included to strengthen its search capacity and avoid local optima stagnation. A distance and fitness based neighborhood search strategy is developed to form stable neighborhood structures for the particles. Each particle adopts superior information from its neighborhoods and the entire swarm can search different regions of the entire search space. The second improvement incorporates a sine cosine mutation operator to enhance the exploration ability and add more randomness into the search process. The improvements will lead to an enhanced balance between exploration and exploitation. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed NPSOSC, seven well-known optimizers are compared with the NPSOSC on 16 well-regarded datasets with different difficulty levels. The experimental results and statistical tests demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed NPSOSC in exploring the feature space and selecting the most informative features.
The Covid-19 crisis and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Serbia: responsive strategies and significance of the government measures
Authors: Aničić Zorica , Paunović Blagoje
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates SMEs’ responses to the COVID-19 crisis and the significance of specific government support measures for overcoming the crisis effects. The results show that SMEs have mostly implemented retrenchment and persevering strategies, whereas innovation and exit strategies were less used, as well as that the strategy selection depends on both the severity of the COVID-19 impact on individual business segments and SME specificities. Additionally, the analysis reveals that, from the SMEs’ perspective, not all the future government measures are equally significant for recovery. Therefore, in creating an optimum measure package to support SMEs, governments must consider multiple criteria. The SMEs’ responses, as well as the significance of specific government measures, vary depending on the characteristics of SMEs and the magnitude of COVID-19 effects on specific business aspects.
Coronavirus crisis challenges and HR responses – Hungary 2020 – framework of domestic research
Authors: Pató Beáta Sz. G. ,   al.
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has posed significant challenges to the economy within a short period. The paper deals with the relationship between the pandemic and HR management, the labour market consequences of the epidemic, and draws parallels between the current situation and the 2008–2009 downturn regarding crisis management. The paper focuses on the authors' field research, in which the effects of the pandemic on HR are analysed from three perspectives, thereby helping Hungarian managers and HR employees in the processes mentioned above. Three specific topics are addressed in this paper: first, we review international management and HR experiences related to the pandemic, and then we do the same for those in Hungary. These reviews are followed by our own empirical research on the topic. During the first wave of the pandemic, organizational behaviour was rather dominated by pessimism; however, it was also found that solutions previously considered to be impossible by management (e.g. home office, currently used across the globe) also became widespread.
Development of Schizont Stages of Toxoplasma gondii in Primary Cell Culture of Feline Enterocytes
Authors: M. de Muno Renata , A. Moura Marcos , C. Medeiros Letícia , N. Caldas Pedro , M. Mariante Rafael , S. Barbosa Helene
Published: September 2022

Intestinal epithelial cell cultures are a potentially applicable model for investigating enteropathogens such as the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis. Felids such as domestic cats are the only known definitive hosts where the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction, which occurs in the enterocytes. Primary feline intestinal epithelial cell (FIEC) cultures were obtained from the fetal small gut of felines, and the epithelial nature of these cells was confirmed by the revelation of cytokeratin and intestinal alkaline phosphatase content by fluorescence microscopy, besides alignment, microvilli, and adherent intercellular junctions by ultrastructural analysis. FIECs infected with T. gondii bradyzoite forms showed that the parasite:cell ratio was determinant for establishing the lytic cycle and cystogenesis and the induction of schizont-like forms. Type C and D schizonts were identified by light and electron microscopies, which showed morphological characteristics like those previously described based on the analysis of cat intestines experimentally infected with T. gondii. These data indicate that FIECs simulate the microenvironment of the felid intestine, allowing the development of schizogony and classic endopolygeny. This cellular framework opens new perspectives for the in vitro investigation of biological and molecular aspects involved in the T. gondii enteric cycle.
Intensive Farming and Welfare Regarding Anti-Predator Behavior of Chukar Partridges (Alectoris chukar)
Authors: Bilal Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Gamebird farming is an emerging industry in Pakistan. Nowadays, the production of large amounts of gamebirds used for restocking purposes is an inescapable prerequisite to compensate for the harvest of wild stocks. The present study aims to delineate the welfare of one of the popular gamebirds Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar, Phasianidae) during intensive farming at the two local game farms. The welfare in terms of anti-predator (AP) behavior was assessed. I analyzed the behavior by arranging AP behavioral assays with a flight initiation test, flight initiation distance, predator test, novel object test, escape test, and flight angles. Specifically, the birds of prey and mammalian predators stimulated the AP behavior in the Chukar partridges. The behavioral assays showed that the Chukar partridge had a clear inclination to escape from predators and can survive if they are to be released into the wild. The initiation of flight was triggered by both avian and mammalian predators indicative of likely good survival chances of these birds. However, it is inferred that restocking and reintroduction of Chukar populations cannot be separated from the adoption of sound welfare programs during intensive rearing.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Optimizing Nutrient Bioavailability and Reducing Agrochemicals for Maintaining Sustainable Agroecosystems
Authors: Ebbisa Addisu
Published: September 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the essential components of the soil microbiome playing a crucial role in nutrients cycling and mediation of plant responses to different environmental stresses. They also play pivotal role in controlling soil erosion, enhancing phytoremediation, and eliminating other harmful microorganisms and then sustaining agroecosystem. Several studies have investigated the positive effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis as biofertilizers those are capable of reducing use of chemical fertilizer by 25–90% particularly NPK depending on crop species, soil type, and management practices, while increasing productivity in the range of 16–78%. Similarly, AMF can also act as bio-controllers and decrease the application rate and frequency of pesticides. This is directly translated to the primary role of AMF in the sustaining agriculture services. Thus, understanding the interaction between AMF-soil, and plant plays a vital role in benefitting societies and agro-industries. In this regard, this review attempted to explore how can AMF symbiosis reduce agro-chemicals and maintain sustainable human welfare. It also addresses impact of agrochemicals on crop production and the main factor influencing the success of AMF symbioses. Generally, if this is applied wisely it keeps the food safe, the soil healthy, the water clean, the climate stable, and the ecosystem flourishing.
Dietary Patterns for the Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Gerson Bastos Francisco António , da Conceição Almeida Lopes Isaura , Bernardo Tomé da Silva Amílcar , Cotchi Simbo Muela Henrique
Published: September 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the commonly occurring disorder comprising central obesity, systemic hypertension (HTN), insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia specifically hypertriglyceridemia, and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The prevalence of MetS worldwide ranges from 20% to 25% in the adult population and 0% to 19.2% in children, but it can reach almost 80% in type 2 diabetes patients. Increased blood pressure (BP) is considered an important component of MetS. More than 85% of those with MetS, even in the absence of diabetes mellitus (DM), have elevated BP or HTN. Dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean-style, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets, can improve insulin resistance and MetS. Dietary patterns high in fruit and vegetable content were generally found to be associated with a lower prevalence of MetS. Evidence reinforces that DASH, Nordic diet, and Mediterranean diet (MD) significantly lowered systolic BP and diastolic BP by 4.26 and 2.38 mm Hg, respectively. Therefore, we aim to review the available evidence on the effect of dietary patterns on the treatment of HTN in patients with MetS.
Spatial Light Modulators and Their Applications in Polarization Holography
Authors: Tiwari Vipin , S. Bisht Nandan
Published: September 2022

Liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) have gained substantial interest of the research fraternity due to their remarkable light modulation characteristics in modern imaging applications. Replacing the conventional optical elements from the SLM-based computer-generated holograms (CGHs) is a trending approach in modern digital holographic applications due to the optimized phase shift depending on the phase modulation features of SLMs. Apparently; SLMs serve a crucial role in the experimental implementation of digital holographic techniques. However, the resolution of the CGHs are sometimes limited by the structural discrepancies (fill factor, spatial anomalies, refresh rate, etc.) of SLM. Therefore, it is recommended to calibrate the modulation characteristics of SLMs prior to their implementation for imaging applications. This chapter provides comprehensive literature (review) of the LC-SLMs along with their major calibration methods. In addition, recent interesting applications of LC-SLMs have been discussed thoroughly within the framework of polarization holography.
Chinese Literature, Translation, and World Literature
Authors: Longxi Zhang
Published: September 2022

Goethe spoke of Weltliteratur when he was reading a Chinese novel in translation; so in the originary moment of the concept, world literature was already connected with Chinese literature through translation. Despite its huge number of speakers and a long and rich literary history, however, the Chinese language is not the lingua franca in today’s world, and neither is Chinese literature widely known outside its own linguistic and cultural environment. A work of literature becomes globally significant as part of world literature only through circulation beyond its original linguistic and literary environment not just in translation, but translation into the lingua franca of the time. Today’s world has English as its de facto lingua franca, and this chapter will discuss the problems of translation or translatability, and how canonical Chinese works of literature can become part of world literature through translation and critical scholarship.
Taiwanese Picturebooks and Children’s Literature as World Literature *
Authors: Mei-Ying Wu Andrea
Published: September 2022

Drawing on David Damrosch’s theory of world literature, the chapter explores the ways in which Chih-Yuan Chen’s Guji Guji (2003), an award-winning Taiwanese picturebook, circulates in the global space to become a work of world literature. The chapter first examines the trajectories and transformations of Guji Guji from a local picturebook to a global text and the ways it is translated and incorporated into (an)other linguistic and cultural spaces through diverse working systems—one associated with independent publishing houses and the other involving the mechanism of book selection and recommendation commonly practiced and endorsed by nationwide library associations. The circularity of Guji Guji through theatrical adaptions in various forms are subsequently explored. It is argued that hybridity or transculturality is embedded in the process of reception and circulation, and that this is crucial in imagining a local text as world literature. Transculturality is particularly evident when a local text takes on multifold new lives in transnational adaptations and reproductions. It is also visible when a text double-tracks or refracts as it moves into the wider world and back to its homeplace.
The Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Beatty Kate , White Melissa
Published: September 2022

Public health scholars have long known that social, economic and cultural factors shape health outcomes. The Appalachian region exemplifies this interaction in the observable correlation between its health disparities and measures of socioeconomic status, such as educational achievement and poverty. This chapter assesses the social determinants of health in Appalachia using county-level data from a variety of national sources. It further contextualizes these findings using case studies of grassroots efforts across the region to address the social determinants of health. The chapter’s most important lesson is that improving regional health outcomes in Appalachia is a difficult task because poor social conditions appear unevenly; challenges in Central Appalachia are not replicated in the North, for example, meaning that policy-makers must implement solutions at the county level instead of treating the region monolithically.
The Fall of Tunisia
Authors: Dworak David D.
Published: September 2022

This chapter picks up the story in the spring of 1943 when weather again allows the Allies to restart offensive operations. US II Corps operations focus on Tunisia, with the goal of seizing Tunis and capturing or driving Axis forces out of North Africa. Rommel has the early advantage, seen in the battle of Kasserine Pass. However, the Allies are quick to regain the initiative, enabled by an ever-growing logistics system largely supplied by the Eastern Base Section. Rommel and German forces have only limited mobility and firepower due to the lack of fuel and ammunition, leading to an eventual surrender in May 1943. The Allies have secured North Africa, but now must begin looking toward Sicily to continue to the goal of controlling the Mediterranean.
Operation Dragoon
Authors: Dworak David D.
Published: September 2022

Chapter seven focuses on the invasion of southern France, Operation Dragoon. There was great debate about whether or not to execute the operation, eventually becoming a matter of national level strategy. Ultimately, Eisenhower decided that he needed the invasion into southern France in order to land combat and support forces in sufficient numbers to defeat Nazi Germany. The seizure of the ports of Marseilles and Toulon provided the needed capacity. The landings were successful; evidence of preceding Allied experience in the Mediterranean. The landings enabled the Allies to quickly move up the Rhone River Valley, with the 6th Army Group becoming the first Allied formation poised to cross the Rhine. The landings also provided the means to use the French First Army is its homeland. The chapter describes modifications to sustainment command and control, including establishment of the Continental Advance Section and Delta Base Section. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the importance of having a southern line of communication.
The Accuracy of Sepsis Screening Score for Mortality Prediction at Emergency Department Triage
Authors: Suttapanit Karn , Satiracharoenkul Sirasit , Sanguanwit Pitsucha , Prachanukool Thidathit
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Sepsis has a mortality rate of 10-40% worldwide. Many screening tools for sepsis prediction and for emergency department (ED) triage are controversial. This study compared the accuracy of the scores for predicting 28-day mortality in adult patients with sepsis in the triage area of the ED.

Methods: Adult patients who presented to the ED of a tertiary-care university hospital from January–December 2019 with an initial diagnosis of sepsis or other infection-related conditions were enrolled. We calculated predictive scores using information collected in the ED triage area. Prognostic accuracy was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for predicting 28-day mortality as a primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilation usage and vasopressor usage for 28 days.

Results: We analyzed a total of 550 patients. The 28-day mortality rate was 12.4% (n = 68). The 28-day mortality rate was best detected by the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) (AUROC = 0.770; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.705-0.835), followed by the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score (AUROC = 0.7473; 95% CI: 0.688-0.806), Search Out Severity (SOS) score (AUROC = 0.749; 95% CI: 0.685-0.815), Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage (AUROC = 0.599; 95% CI: 0.542-0.656, and the Systemic Inflammatory Response System (SIRS) criteria (AUROC = 0.588; 95% CI: 0.522-0.654]). The NEWS also provided a higher AUROC and outperformed for 28-day mechanical ventilator usage and 28-day vasopressor usage.

Conclusion: The NEWS outperforms qSOFA, SOS, SIRS, and ESI triage in predicting 28-day mortality, mechanical ventilator, and vasopressor usage of a patient with sepsis who is seen at ED triage.
Willingly Making Reparations, Loss of Unjust Advantage, and Counterfactual Comparative Harm
Authors: Gillham Alex R. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2022

The Counterfactual Comparative Account (CCA) of harm holds that event e harms subject S when e makes S worse off than S would have been without e occurring. In this paper, I argue that CCA is unattractive because it entails that someone who willingly makes monetary reparations harms himself. I explain why I find this entailment unattractive. I then acknowledge that my intuition about the unattractiveness of this entailment might simply be mistaken, so I offer an argument for the claim that willingly making reparations is not a form of self-harm. I argue that willingly making reparations is not harmful to the person who makes them because losing an unjust advantage does not harm. I then consider some objections against my argument and respond to them. Although I concede that some of these objections do more damage to my argument than others, I conclude that CCA is at least prima facie unattractive for the reasons I give and that, at bare minimum, someone who does not think that willingly making reparations harms the maker and/or that losing an unjust advantage is harmful to the person who loses it could not consistently accept any of the formulations of CCA that I consider in this paper.
Germinação in vitro de Raulinoa echinata R. S. Cowan (Rutaceae): sementes e embriões zigóticos
Authors: Hoffmann Luana Tiara , Bittencourt Ricardo , Sperlich Carmem Lúcia , Grott Iasmin Tassi
Published: September 2022

Raulinoa echinata é uma espécie endêmica do Vale do Itajaí/Santa Catarina, ameaçada de extinção e que se encontra em ambiente vulnerável e, devido ao fato de possuir sementes recalcitrantes, as técnicas in vitro são uma das estratégias mais indicadas para sua conservação ex situ. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a espécie Raulinoa echinata in vitro por meio da germinação de sementes e embriões zigóticos. As sementes foram retiradas de frutos maduros e submetidas a tratamentos de embebição em ácido giberélico (GA3) e de imersão em soluções de álcool, hipoclorito de sódio e fungicida (Benlate 500®); sendo inoculadas em meio de cultura de Murashige e Skoog (MS) sem reguladores de crescimento. Para o resgate dos embriões zigóticos, a metodologia consistiu-se em: coleta e assepsia de frutos imaturos; abertura dos frutos e retirada das sementes; assepsia das sementes; resgate dos embriões e remoção do endosperma; e inoculação dos embriões em meio de cultura MS suplementado com reguladores de crescimento: 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), ácido 1-naftalenoacético (ANA) e GA3, isolados e em associação. As metodologias propostas para a assepsia das sementes mostram-se satisfatórias, porém não houve germinação após 65 dias de cultivo independente do tempo de embebição em GA3; formulando-se a hipótese de que o endosperma da espécie possui inibidores de crescimento que impedem a germinação in vitro. Para os embriões zigóticos, o meio de cultura MS sem reguladores de crescimento mostrou-se eficiente para a germinação (80%) e para o desenvolvimento, sendo que o futuro estabelecimento de um protocolo de criopreservação para os embriões zigóticos da espécie mostra-se promissor para a conservação ex situ.
Soil attributes and spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock under the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Delarmelina William Macedo , Caldeira Marcos Vinicius Winckler , Gomes Junior Diêgo , Godinho Tiago de Oliveira , Caliman Jônio Pizzol , Gonçalves Elzimar de Oliveira , Kunz Sustanis Horn , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Silva Camila Santos da
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to explore the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and to spatialize the soil organic carbon stock in a stretch of Atlantic Forest by evaluating four soil layers and the interrelationships of physical and chemical attributes as well as the spatialization of soil organic carbon stock by applying cokriging interpolation. Thus, 12 soil samples were collected in a soil layer, and the nutrient content, soil density, texture, soil organic carbon content and the soil carbon stock were determined. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) grouped the most similar plots in terms of physical and chemical characteristics. Based on the spatial autocorrelation of the soil attributes, the digital elevation model data (altitude and slope) for the studied site were combined to explore the coordinate relationship between the terrain parameters and the soil organic carbon stock. We verified an increase in the soil fertility parallel to the increase in the organic matter content in the soil, helping to understand the differences and similarities of the identified sites in the field. There is a spatial difference in the soil organic carbon stock, with the largest being observed in areas of lower slope and altitude. The physical and chemical attributes of the soil in the Atlantic Forest varied according to the sampled points, being strongly related to the relief. The spatial variability altered soil organic carbon stocks in the forest under study.
Regulation of Nodal signaling propagation by receptor interactions and positive feedback
Authors: Preiß Hannes , Kögler Anna C , Mörsdorf David , Čapek Daniel , Soh Gary H , Rogers Katherine W , Morales-Navarrete Hernán , Almuedo-Castillo María , Müller Patrick
Published: September 2022

During vertebrate embryogenesis, the germ layers are patterned by secreted Nodal signals. In the classical model, Nodals elicit signaling by binding to a complex comprising Type I/II Activin receptors (Acvr) and the co-receptor Tdgf1. However, it is currently unclear whether receptor binding can also affect the distribution of Nodals themselves through the embryo, and it is unknown which of the putative Acvr paralogs mediate Nodal signaling in zebrafish. Here, we characterize three Type I (Acvr1) and four Type II (Acvr2) homologs and show that – except for Acvr1c – all receptor-encoding transcripts are maternally deposited and present during zebrafish embryogenesis. We generated mutants and used them together with combinatorial morpholino knockdown and CRISPR F0 knockout (KO) approaches to assess compound loss-of-function phenotypes. We discovered that the Acvr2 homologs function partly redundantly and partially independently of Nodal to pattern the early zebrafish embryo, whereas the Type I receptors Acvr1b-a and Acvr1b-b redundantly act as major mediators of Nodal signaling. By combining quantitative analyses with expression manipulations, we found that feedback-regulated Type I receptors and co-receptors can directly influence the diffusion and distribution of Nodals, providing a mechanism for the spatial restriction of Nodal signaling during germ layer patterning.
Non-rapid eye movement sleep determines resilience to social stress
Authors: Bush Brittany J , Donnay Caroline , Andrews Eva-Jeneé A , Lewis-Sanders Darielle , Gray Cloe L , Qiao Zhimei , Brager Allison J , Johnson Hadiya , Brewer Hamadi CS , Sood Sahil , Saafir Talib , Benveniste Morris , Paul Ketema N , Ehlen J Christopher
Published: September 2022

Resilience, the ability to overcome stressful conditions, is found in most mammals and varies significantly among individuals. A lack of resilience can lead to the development of neuropsychiatric and sleep disorders, often within the same individual. Despite extensive research into the brain mechanisms causing maladaptive behavioral-responses to stress, it is not clear why some individuals exhibit resilience. To examine if sleep has a determinative role in maladaptive behavioral-response to social stress, we investigated individual variations in resilience using a social-defeat model for male mice. Our results reveal a direct, causal relationship between sleep amount and resilience—demonstrating that sleep increases after social-defeat stress only occur in resilient mice. Further, we found that within the prefrontal cortex, a regulator of maladaptive responses to stress, pre-existing differences in sleep regulation predict resilience. Overall, these results demonstrate that increased NREM sleep, mediated cortically, is an active response to social-defeat stress that plays a determinative role in promoting resilience. They also show that differences in resilience are strongly correlated with inter-individual variability in sleep regulation.
The Revival of Classical Chinese Poetry Composition: A Perspective from the New Liberal Arts
Authors: Wei Han , Geng Hui
Published: September 2022

For nearly a century, the composition of classical Chinese poetry had been on the decline, which was caused by the evolution of language and the transformation of education. However, the last decade has seen a rise in classical poetry writing. What most astounds the world is that younger generations have actively joined this writing movement. The objective of this paper is to examine the current phenomenon and the potential factors from the perspective of new liberal arts. Through general observations from students’ works in the composition of Chinese classical poetry, this paper also makes a historical comparison of the education mode between the decline and revival period. The findings indicate that it is information technology that brings back the three-millennia-old artistic form to this new era. The enhancement of information technology has removed the obstacles to accessing poems and has aided the process of writing poems. The revival of classical Chinese poetry composition exerts a far-reaching impact on poetry education in the context of new liberal arts. The results of this paper highlight the necessity of more research in similar areas.
Opinions of Social Studies Teachers on Distance Education
Authors: Altunay Furkan
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world, has caused serious problems in many areas. Undoubtedly, one of the most important of these areas is education. Education-teaching processes were continued remotely during the pandemic period, which caused the closure of schools almost all over the world. In this study, it is aimed to examine the views of social studies teachers, who have given lectures with the help of distance education during the pandemic period, about distance education. Phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 12 social studies teachers who work in a secondary school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the city of Bayburt and have given lessons with the help of distance education. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool to examine teachers’ views on distance education. The collected data were analyzed with thematic analysis method. The data obtained were shown in themes and the findings were supported by direct quotations from the views received from the participants. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that the negative thoughts of the social studies teachers about distance education were higher than the positive thoughts, and they also expressed problems such as slow connection, internet infrastructure, low participation in the course and insufficient devices for accessing distance education. In addition, it was concluded that all of the participants agreed that social studies teachers should take in-service training, seminars and courses in order to improve themselves in the distance education process and using technology effectively. In this context, it is recommended to give educational seminars on technology literacy to social studies teacher candidates and teachers.
The Effect Of Reading Literacy Questioning Training On Turkish Language Teacher Candidates’ Pisa-Style Questions Preparation
Authors: İstanbullu Elif , Arı Gökhan
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study was to test the effect of reading literacy questioning training on Turkish language teacher candidates’ PISA-style question preparation. The training was carried out with 55 volunteer Turkish teacher candidates studying at the Turkish Language Teaching undergraduate program of Bursa Uludağ University. The training sessions with participants within the framework of the study lasted for 7 weeks in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. The study was conducted with a nested experimental design, which is one of the mixed methods. As a data collection tool, a test with 6 texts for the participants to ask questions and classify them was used. Furthermore, a semi-structured interview form was used to specify the development of the participants in the training process. The data related to the test were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Cohen’s d formula, and the interview data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis method. Based on the analysis, the training had a significant effect on the participants’ preparation of PISA-style questions and in increasing the success of classifying PISA-style questions according to the PISA framework. It was found that there was a significant increase in the number of questions asked by the participants after the training and in the number of questions for high-level competencies. After the training, the participants stated that they considered themselves competent in classifying questions rather than preparing PISA-style questions. However, they also stated that the training period was insufficient. The research findings revealed that teacher candidates needed pre-service questioning training and this need should be met. It is recommended that longer period of time be devoted to training for future studies.
Determining the Opinions of Education Faculty Teacher Candidates on the Application for Online Courses
Authors: Şahin Ersin , Demirbulak Dilara
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to determine the opinions of teacher candidates about distance learning in online courses using a survey designed for this purpose. The researchers designed a questionnaire, titled “The opinion of teacher candidates about distance learning in online courses survey instrument” to collect quantitative data from teacher candidates (n= 1056, 55.3% females) who lived in urban, rural, and suburban areas in Turkey. The original version of the survey consisted of 30 items. The authors of this article used the snowball data collection method to collect data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage analysis were applied for the items in the data collection tool. In response to the first research question of the research, most male and female candidates indicated that they could use the Internet continuously wherever they were. Approximately two-thirds of female and male candidates remarked Internet outages as more hardware problems during class participation. As for the second research question, most of the candidates stated that they had limited internet access at home and could use it continuously on a daily basis.
FCMpy: a python module for constructing and analyzing fuzzy cognitive maps
Authors: Mkhitaryan Samvel , Giabbanelli Philippe , Wozniak Maciej K , Nápoles Gonzalo , De Vries Nanne , Crutzen Rik
Published: September 2022

FCMpy is an open-source Python module for building and analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs). The module provides tools for end-to-end projects involving FCMs. It is able to derive fuzzy causal weights from qualitative data or simulating the system behavior. Additionally, it includes machine learning algorithms (e.g., Nonlinear Hebbian Learning, Active Hebbian Learning, Genetic Algorithms, and Deterministic Learning) to adjust the FCM causal weight matrix and to solve classification problems. Finally, users can easily implement scenario analysis by simulating hypothetical interventions (i.e., analyzing what-if scenarios). FCMpy is the first open-source module that contains all the functionalities necessary for FCM oriented projects. This work aims to enable researchers from different areas, such as psychology, cognitive science, or engineering, to easily and efficiently develop and test their FCM models without the need for extensive programming knowledge.