bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Alien Word" and Centon: Aspects of the Theory of M.M. Bakhtin
Authors: Shukurov Dmitrii Leonidovich
Published: November 2022

This article contains a conceptual description of the problematics of "foreign word" in the general literary methodology of analysis by Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (1895–1975), and a description of its individual theoretical aspects. The subject of the study is Bakhtin's concept of "foreign word". The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as "alien speech", "alien consciousness" in the context of the ideas of M.M. Bakhtin, as well as his student and colleague in the "Nevelsk-Vitebsk seminar" - Valentin Nikolaevich Voloshinov (1895-1936). Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the centon genre, which in the history of verbal culture has become a source of creative discoveries and innovative techniques for various authors. The analyzed aspects of Bakhtin's theory allow us to draw an important conclusion about the distinctive features of the organization of a literary text in modernist and postmodernist literature. The organization of the artistic text in modern postmodern literature occurs in accordance with the principles of centonicity and quotation, i.e. cultural mediation of most artistic artifacts. The main difference between postmodern works and most reminiscent works of modernism is that allusions and reminiscences cease to perform the function of references to universally valid concepts, but work in the centonal mode (dramatically rethinking the original context - up to its leveling, "dissolution", "spraying" ) organization of a literary text.
Knihovny jako nástroj žité sociálně-pedagogické ideje mezi lety 1918–1989
Authors: Černý Michal
Published: November 2022

Social pedagogy tends to be primarily associated with the education of people from vulnerable target groups or with leisure pedagogy. An essential part of the social pedagogical practice is also the folk education process, which was already linked to the Masaryk ideal of an educated and industrious society before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia and which was carried out through libraries. After 1948, this ideal was transformed into the idea of the 'new socialist human', in whose formation libraries played a significant role. This study aims to use contemporary literature and archival documents to view libraries as instruments of all-people education through work with the reader. It will show that libraries throughout the period analysed (1918-1989) played the role of important social pedagogical institutions that are unfairly overlooked in disciplinary discourse. They draw on the anthropological discourse of social pedagogical practice. This paper focuses on the search for general structures in library practice, from work with workers and peasants in the form of reading in the fields, mass work with readers, the Fucik badge competition, to discussions with readers. All of this contributed in a fundamental way to the formation of anthropological models associated with socialist man. A certain discontinuity in continuity transformed the humanist ideals of the library of the First Republic.
The Nse5/6-like SIMC1-SLF2 complex localizes SMC5/6 to viral replication centers
Authors: Oravcová Martina , Nie Minghua , Zilio Nicola , Maeda Shintaro , Jami-Alahmadi Yasaman , Lazzerini-Denchi Eros , Wohlschlegel James A , Ulrich Helle D , Otomo Takanori , Boddy Michael N
Published: November 2022

The human SMC5/6 complex is a conserved guardian of genome stability and an emerging component of antiviral responses. These disparate functions likely require distinct mechanisms of SMC5/6 regulation. In yeast, Smc5/6 is regulated by its Nse5/6 subunits, but such regulatory subunits for human SMC5/6 are poorly defined. Here, we identify a novel SMC5/6 subunit called SIMC1 that contains SUMO interacting motifs (SIMs) and an Nse5-like domain. We isolated SIMC1 from the proteomic environment of SMC5/6 within polyomavirus large T antigen (LT)-induced subnuclear compartments. SIMC1 uses its SIMs and Nse5-like domain to localize SMC5/6 to polyomavirus replication centers (PyVRCs) at SUMO-rich PML nuclear bodies. SIMC1’s Nse5-like domain binds to the putative Nse6 orthologue SLF2 to form an anti-parallel helical dimer resembling the yeast Nse5/6 structure. SIMC1-SLF2 structure-based mutagenesis defines a conserved surface region containing the N-terminus of SIMC1’s helical domain that regulates SMC5/6 localization to PyVRCs. Furthermore, SLF1, which recruits SMC5/6 to DNA lesions via its BRCT and ARD motifs, binds SLF2 analogously to SIMC1 and forms a separate Nse5/6-like complex. Thus, two Nse5/6-like complexes with distinct recruitment domains control human SMC5/6 localization.
Structure of the GOLD-domain seven-transmembrane helix protein family member TMEM87A
Authors: Hoel Christopher M , Zhang Lin , Brohawn Stephen G
Published: November 2022

TMEM87s are eukaryotic transmembrane proteins with two members (TMEM87A and TMEM87B) in humans. TMEM87s have proposed roles in protein transport to and from the Golgi, as mechanosensitive ion channels, and in developmental signaling. TMEM87 disruption has been implicated in cancers and developmental disorders. To better understand TMEM87 structure and function, we determined a cryo-EM structure of human TMEM87A in lipid nanodiscs. TMEM87A consists of a Golgi-dynamics (GOLD) domain atop a membrane-spanning seven-transmembrane helix domain with a large cavity open to solution and the membrane outer leaflet. Structural and functional analyses suggest TMEM87A may not function as an ion channel or G-protein coupled receptor. We find TMEM87A shares its characteristic domain arrangement with seven other proteins in humans; three that had been identified as evolutionary related (TMEM87B, GPR107, and GPR108) and four previously unrecognized homologs (GPR180, TMEM145, TMEM181, and WLS). Among these structurally related GOLD domain seven-transmembrane helix (GOST) proteins, WLS is best characterized as a membrane trafficking and secretion chaperone for lipidated Wnt signaling proteins. We find key structural determinants for WLS function are conserved in TMEM87A. We propose TMEM87A and structurally homologous GOST proteins could serve a common role in trafficking membrane-associated cargo.
Fast rule switching and slow rule updating in a perceptual categorization task
Authors: Bouchacourt Flora , Tafazoli Sina , Mattar Marcelo G , Buschman Timothy J , Daw Nathaniel D
Published: November 2022

To adapt to a changing world, we must be able to switch between rules already learned and, at other times, learn rules anew. Often we must do both at the same time, switching between known rules while also constantly re-estimating them. Here, we show these two processes, rule switching and rule learning, rely on distinct but intertwined computations, namely fast inference and slower incremental learning. To this end, we studied how monkeys switched between three rules. Each rule was compositional, requiring the animal to discriminate one of two features of a stimulus and then respond with an associated eye movement along one of two different response axes. By modeling behavior, we found the animals learned the axis of response using fast inference (rule switching) while continuously re-estimating the stimulus–response associations within an axis (rule learning). Our results shed light on the computational interactions between rule switching and rule learning, and make testable neural predictions for these interactions.
Acetylation of a fungal effector that translocates host PR1 facilitates virulence
Authors: Li Jingtao , Ma Xiaoying , Wang Chenyang , Liu Sihui , Yu Gang , Gao Mingming , Qian Hengwei , Liu Mengjie , Luisi Ben F , Gabriel Dean W , Liang Wenxing
Published: November 2022

Pathogens utilize a panoply of effectors to manipulate plant defense. However, despite their importance, relatively little is actually known about regulation of these virulence factors. Here, we show that the effector Fol-Secreted Virulence-related Protein1 (FolSvp1), secreted from fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), directly binds and translocates the tomato pathogenesis-related protein1, SlPR1, from the apoplast outside the plasma membrane to the host nucleus via its nuclear localization signal. Relocation of SlPR1 abolishes generation of the defense signaling peptide, CAPE1, from its C-terminus, and as a consequence, facilitates pathogen invasion of plants. The action of FolSvp1 requires covalent modification by acetylation for full virulence in host tomato tissues. The modification is catalyzed by the Fol FolArd1 lysine acetyltransferase prior to secretion. Addition of an acetyl group to one residue, K167, prevents ubiquitination-dependent degradation of FolSvp1 in both Fol and plant cells with different mechanisms, allowing it to function normally in fungal invasion. Either inactivation of FolSvp1 or removal of the acetyl group on K167 leads to impaired pathogenicity of Fol. These findings indicate that acetylation can regulate the stability of effectors of fungal plant pathogens with impact on virulence.
Research on the Transformation and Development of Higher Continuing Education Under the Background of High-Quality Development
Authors: Changfu Yuan
Published: November 2022

Research on the transformation and development of the higher continuing education under the background of high quality development is conducted in the paper. Higher continuing education in my country originated in 1950 and has continued to grow since then. The development of any continuing education project must take into account both economic and social benefits. Only when it is positively evaluated and recognized by the society can it be accepted and actively participated in by members of the society. The concept of lifelong learning is a systemic point of view, which requires the learner to be placed in a dominant position, and requires that the learning organization and also learning process throughout different stages of a person's life establish an integrated connection. This paper gives the novel suggestions to provide the novel suggestions.
Effect of Coconut Shell Biochar on Physical, Chemical Properties and Available Major Nutrient Status of Acidic Soil
Authors: Rohitha D. S. , Mamatha B. , Desai Nagappa , Reddy K. M. Srinivas , Gayathri B. , Prakasha H. C.
Published: November 2022

The effect of coconut shell biochar addition on the physical and chemical properties of acidic soil such as soil bulk density, maximum water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available major nutrients were investigated in a field experiment with soybean. This study was conducted by application of coconut shell biochar in combination with recommended Lime. The coconut shell biochar was applied at three rates (5, 7.5 and 10 t ha-1) and lime (calcium carbonate) was applied at two rates (100% and 50% recommendation) to acidic soil. Amendment type, application rate, and their interaction had significant effects (p < 0.05) on soil bulk density, maximum water holding capacity, pH, EC, and available major nutrients after the harvest of soybean Application of coconut shell biochar at 10 t ha-1 in combination with 50% recommended lime had shown a relatively higher improvement in soil physical and chemical properties after the harvest of soybean.
Viral Load and Asymptomatic Virus Status of the SARS-CoV-2 Variants towards Influencing the Transmission
Authors: Bafail Duaa , Bafail Abrar
Published: November 2022

The Covid-19 virus (CoV) has worsened due to its transmissibility worldwide. Several millions of people have been infected since 2019 when it was first detected. Unpredictable impact and disruption created by the pandemic influence global financial or economic crisis. This motivated governments to encourage more vaccination to manage the spread and counter the pandemic, thereby breaking the chain. However, despite the level of vaccination against CoV, that has not been found to prevent an individual from being infected.

In addition, many transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs at the pre-symptomatic infection stage, which thus makes it difficult to contain. The impact of the vaccination and booster immunizations on viral load and transmissibility. There is a positive relationship where vaccination influences the transmission rate.

This study aims to identify how critical the viral loads and asymptomatic virus status of the SARS-CoV-s influence the transmission of Omicron and how the quantitative SARS-CoV-s viral load assay corresponds to the clinical outcome while managing Covid-19 infected patients.
What Is Measles?
Authors: Walter Kristin , Malani Preeti N.
Published: November 2022

This JAMA Patient Page describes measles infection, including prevention, symptoms of infection, contagiousness, and treatment.
Skin‐like Omnidirectional Stretchable Platform with Negative Poisson's Ratio for Wearable Strain–Pressure Simultaneous Sensor
Authors: Kim Min Seong , Lee Yung , Ahn Junseong , Kim Seonggi , Kang Kyungnam , Lim Hyuneui , Bae Byeong‐Soo , Park Inkyu
Published: November 2022

Conventional elastomeric polymers used as substrates for wearable platforms have large positive Poisson's ratios (≈0.5) that cause a deformation mismatch with human skin that is multidirectionally elongated under bending of joints. This causes practical problems in elastomer‐based wearable devices, such as delamination and detachment, leading to poorly reliable functionality. To overcome this issue, auxetic‐structured mechanical reinforcement with glass fibers is applied to the elastomeric film, resulting in a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), which is a skin‐like stretchable substrate (SLSS). Several parameters for determining the materials and geometrical dimensions of the auxetic‐structured reinforcing fillers are considered to maximize the NPR. Based on numerical simulation and digital image correlation analysis, the deformation tendencies and strain distribution of the SLSS are investigated and compared with those of the pristine elastomeric substrate. Owing to the strain‐localization characteristics, an independent strain‐pressure sensing system is fabricated using SLSS with a Ag‐based elastomeric ink and a carbon nanotube‐based force‐sensitive resistor. Finally, it is demonstrated that the SLSS‐based sensor platform can be applied as a wearable device to monitor the physical burden on the wrist in real time.
Steering Local Electronic Configuration of Fe–N–C‐Based Coupling Catalysts via Ligand Engineering for Efficient Oxygen Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Judan , Huang Bingyu , Cao Rui , Li Longbin , Tang Xiannong , Wu Bing , Wu Yonggan , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang
Published: November 2022

Fe–N–C materials are prospective candidates to displace platinum‐group‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, but their application is still impeded by the conundrums of unsatisfactory activity and stability. Herein, a feasible strategy of ligand engineering of the metal‐organic framework is proposed to steer the local electronic configuration of Fe–N–C‐based coupling catalysts by incorporating engineered sulfur functionalities. The obtained catalysts with rich Fe‐N4 sites and FeS nanoparticles are embedded on N/S‐doped carbon (denoted as FeS/FeNSC). In this unique structure, the engineered FeS nanoparticles and oxidized sulfur synergistically induce electron redistribution and modulate electronic configuration of Fe‐N4 sites, contributing to substantially accelerated kinetics and improved activity. Consequently, the optimized FeS/FeNSC catalyst displays outstanding ORR performance with a half‐wave potential of 0.91 V, better four electron pathway selectivity, lower H2O2 yield, and superior long‐term stability. As a proof‐of‐concept, zinc‐air batteries based on FeS/FeNSC deliver high capacity of 807.54 mA h g−1, a remarkable peak power density of 256.06 mW cm−2, and outstanding cycling stability over 600 h at 20 mA cm−2. This study delivers an efficacious approach to manipulate the electronic configuration of Fe–N–C catalysts toward elevated catalytic activity and stability for various energy conversion/storage devices.
Molecular‐level Designed Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Lithium–Metal Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Hong , Liang Yuhao , Li Dabing , Zhao Xiaoxue , Chen Jiaxin , Huang Weiwei , Gao Lei , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: November 2022

In solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based Li–metal batteries, the inhomogeneous migration of dual‐ion in the cell results in large concentration polarization and reduces interfacial stability during cycling. A special molecular‐level designed polymer electrolyte (MDPE) is proposed by embedding a special functional group (4‐vinylbenzotrifluoride) in the polycarbonate base. In MDPE, the polymer matrix obtained by copolymerization of vinylidene carbonate and 4‐vinylbenzotrifluoride is coupled with the anion of lithium‐salt by hydrogen bonding and the “σ‐hole” effect of the CF bond. This intermolecular interaction limits the migration of the anion and increases the ionic transfer number of MDPE (tLi+ = 0.76). The mechanisms of the enhanced tLi+ of MDPE are profoundly understood by conducting first‐principles density functional theory calculation. Furthermore, MDPE has an electrochemical stability window (4.9 V) and excellent electrochemical stability with Li–metal due to the CO group and trifluoromethylbenzene (ph‐CF3) of the polymer matrix. Benefited from these merits, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2‐based solid‐state cells with the MDPE as both the electrolyte host and electrode binder exhibit good rate and cycling performance. This study demonstrates that polymer electrolytes designed at the molecular level can provide a broader platform for the high‐performance design needs of lithium batteries.
Mitigation of Open‐Circuit Voltage Losses in Perovskite Solar Cells Processed over Micrometer‐Sized‐Textured Si Substrates
Authors: Farag Ahmed , Fassl Paul , Hu Hang , Feeney Thomas , Quintilla Aina , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Hempel Wolfram , Bagrowski Dominik , Noack Philipp , Wattenberg Bianca , Dippell Torsten , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: November 2022

The recent development of solution‐processed perovskite thin films over micrometer‐sized textured silicon bottom solar cells enables tandem solar cells with power conversion efficiencies > 30%. Next to improved light harvesting, textured silicon wafers are the industrial standard. To achieve high performance, the open‐circuit voltage losses that occur when fabricating perovskite solar cells over such textures need to be mitigated. This study provides a practical guideline to discriminate and address the voltage losses at the interfaces as well as in the bulk of solution‐processed double cation perovskite thin films using photoluminescence quantum yield measurements. Furthermore, the origin of these losses is investigated via morphological, microstructural, and compositional analysis and present possible mitigation strategies. The guideline will be beneficial for scientists working on randomly textured surfaces and provides a deeper understanding on this timely research topic.
Proximity Electronic Effect of Ni/Co Diatomic Sites for Synergistic Promotion of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Min , Zhu Houyu , Yuan Qing , Li Tuya , Wang Minmin , Zhang Peng , Zhao Yilin , Qin Donglin , Guo Wenyue , Liu Bin , Yang Xuan , Liu Yunqi , Pan Yuan
Published: November 2022

The modulation effect manifests an encouraging potential to enhance the performance of single‐atom catalysts; however, the in‐depth study about this effect for the isolated diatomic sites (DASs) remains a great challenge. Herein, a proximity electronic effect (PEE) of Ni/Co DASs is proposed that is anchored in N‐doped carbon (N‐C) substrate (NiCo DASs/N‐C) for synergistic promoting electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefiting from the PEE of adjacent Ni anchored by four nitrogen (Ni‐N4) moiety, NiCo DASs/N‐C catalyst exhibits superior ORR and HER activity. In situ characterization results suggest Co anchored by four nitrogen (Co‐N4) as main active site for O2 adsorption‐activation process, which promotes the formation of key *OOH and the desorption of *OH intermediate to accelerate the multielectron reaction kinetics. Theoretical calculation reveals the adjacent Ni‐N4 site as a modulator can effectively adjust the electronic localization of proximity Co‐N4 site, promoting the *OH desorption and *H adsorption on Co‐N4 site, thereby boosting ORR and HER process significantly. This study opens a new opportunity for rationally regulating the electronic localization of catalytic active centers by proximity single‐atom moiety, as well as provides guidance for designing high‐efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for promising applications.
A Phase‐Change Mediated Intelligent Nanoplatform for Chemo/Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Hu Xiaochun , Li Hui , Li Ruihao , Qiang Sufeng , Chen Mengyao , Shi Shuo , Dong Chunyan
Published: November 2022

Up to now, chemotherapy is still the main strategy for cancer treatment. However, the emergence of chemo‐resistance and systemic side effects often seriously affects the treatment and prognosis. Herein, an intelligent nanoplatform based on dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (DMON) is constructed. The encapsulated phase‐change material, 1‐tetradecanol (TD) can serve as a “doorkeeper” and enable the responsive release of drugs based on the temperature changes. Meanwhile, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to improve the dispersibility and biocompatibility. Cisplatin is chosen as the model of chemotherapy drug, which is co‐loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) in DMON to produce DMON‐PEG‐cisplatin/ICG‐TD (DPCIT). Exciting, the hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species induced by ICG under the NIR‐laser irradiation will initiate a phase transition of TD to release cisplatin, thus leading a combined therapy (chemo/photothermal/photodynamic therapy). The results indicated that under laser irradiation, DPCIT can kill cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth efficiently. In addition, the designed nanoplatform reveals minimal systemic toxicity in vivo, in contrast, the distinct liver damage can be observed by the direct treatment of cisplatin. Overall, this research may provide a general approach for the targeted delivery and controlled release of chemotherapy drugs to realize a cooperatively enhanced multimodal tumor therapy.
A Materials Acceleration Platform for Organic Laser Discovery
Authors: Wu Tony C , Aguilar‐Granda Andrés , Hotta Kazuhiro , Yazdani Sahar Alasvand , Pollice Robert , Vestfrid Jenya , Hao Han , Lavigne Cyrille , Seifrid Martin , Angello Nicholas , Bencheikh Fatima , Hein Jason E. , Burke Martin , Adachi Chihaya , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán
Published: November 2022

Conventional materials discovery is a laborious and time‐consuming process that can take decades from initial conception of the material to commercialization. Recent developments in materials acceleration platforms promise to accelerate materials discovery using automation of experiments coupled with machine learning. However, most of the automation efforts in chemistry focus on synthesis and compound identification, with integrated target property characterization receiving less attention. In this work, an automated platform is introduced for the discovery of molecules as gain mediums for organic semiconductor lasers, a problem that has been challenging for conventional approaches. This platform encompasses automated lego‐like synthesis, product identification, and optical characterization that can be executed in a fully integrated end‐to‐end fashion. Using this workflow to screen organic laser candidates, discovered eight potential candidates for organic lasers is discovered. The lasing threshold of four molecules in thin‐film devices and find two molecules with state‐of‐the‐art performance is tested. These promising results show the potential of automated synthesis and screening for accelerated materials development.
Thermally Driven Point Defect Transformation in Antimony Selenosulfide Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Che Bo , Cai Zhiyuan , Xiao Peng , Li Gang , Huang Yuqian , Tang Rongfeng , Zhu Changfei , Yang Shangfeng , Chen Tao
Published: November 2022

Thermal treatment of inorganic thin films is a general and necessary step to facilitate crystallization and, in particular, to regulate the formation of point defects. Understanding the dependence of the defect formation mechanism on the annealing process is a critical challenge in terms of designing material synthesis approaches for obtaining desired optoelectronic properties. Herein, a mechanistic understanding of the evolution of defects in emerging Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell films is presented. A top‐efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar‐cell film is adopted in this study to consolidate this investigation. This study reveals that, under hydrothermal conditions, the as‐deposited Sb2(S,Se)3 film generates defects with a high formation energy, demonstrating kinetically favorable defect formation characteristics. Annealing at elevated temperatures leads to a two‐step defect transformation process: 1) formation of sulfur and selenium vacancy defects, followed by 2) migration of antimony ions to fill the vacancy defects. This process finally results in the generation of cation–anion antisite defects, which exhibit low formation energy, suggesting a thermodynamically favorable defect formation feature. This study establishes a new strategy for the fundamental investigation of the evolution of deep‐level defects in metal chalcogenide films and provides guidance for designing material synthesis strategies in terms of defect control.
High‐Entropy Alloy Aerogels: A New Platform for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Li Hanjun , Huang Honggang , Chen Yao , Lai Feili , Fu Hui , Zhang Longsheng , Zhang Nan , Bai Shuxing , Liu Tianxi
Published: November 2022

High‐entropy alloy aerogels (HEAAs) combined with the advantages of high‐entropy alloys and aerogels are prospective new platforms in catalytic reactions. However, due to the differences in reduction potentials and miscibility behavior of different metals, the realization of HEAAs with a single phase is still a great challenge. Herein, a series of HEAAs is fabricated via the freeze–thaw method as highly active and durable electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Especially, the PdCuAuAgBiIn HEAAs can achieve Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C1 products almost 100% from −0.7 to −1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE), and a maximum FE for formic acid (FEHCOOH) of 98.1% at −1.1 VRHE, outperforming PdCuAuAgBiIn high‐entropy alloy particles (HEAPs) and Pd metallic aerogels (MAs). Specifically, the current density and FEHCOOH are almost 200 mA cm−2 and 87% in a flow cell. The impressive CO2RR performance of the PdCuAuAgBiIn HEAAs is attributed to the strong interactions between the different metals and the surface unsaturated sites, which can regulate the electronic structures of different metals and allow the optimal HCOO* intermediate adsorption and desorption onto the catalysts surface to enhance HCOOH production. The work not only provides a facile synthetic strategy to fabricate HEAAs, but also opens the avenue for development of efficient catalysts and beyond.
Visible Light Effects on Photostrictive/Magnetostrictive PMN‐PT/Ni Heterostructure
Authors: Dagur Deepak , Polewczyk Vincent , Petrov Aleksandr Yu. , Carrara Pietro , Brioschi Marta , Fiori Sara , Cucini Riccardo , Rossi Giorgio , Panaccione Giancarlo , Torelli Piero , Vinai Giovanni
Published: November 2022

The possibility of modifying the ferromagnetic response of a multiferroic heterostructure via fully optical means exploiting the photovoltaic/photostrictive properties of the ferroelectric component is an effective method for tuning the interfacial properties. In this study, the effects of 405 nm visible‐light illumination on the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic responses of (001) Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.4PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT)/Ni heterostructures are presented. By combining electrical, structural, magnetic, and spectroscopic measurements, how light illumination above the ferroelectric bandgap energy induces a photovoltaic current and the photostrictive effect reduces the coercive field of the interfacial magnetostrictive Ni layer are shown. Firstly, a light‐induced variation in the Ni orbital moment as a result of sum‐rule analysis of x‐ray magnetic circular dichroic measurements is reported. The reduction of orbital moment reveals a photogenerated strain field. The observed effect is strongly reduced when polarizing out‐of‐plane the PMN‐PT substrate, showing a highly anisotropic photostrictive contribution from the in‐plane ferroelectric domains. These results shed light on the delicate energy balance that leads to sizeable light‐induced effects in multiferroic heterostructures, while confirming the need of spectroscopy for identifying the physical origin of interface behavior.
Three‐Dimensional Transformation of Membrane‐Type Electronics Using Transient Microfluidic Channels for the Sequential Selective Plasticization of Supportive Plastic Substrates
Authors: Cha Jihun , Kim Gi‐Gwan , Kim Seung Hyun , Park Dukkyu , Yoo Jung Il , Jang Hun Soo , Yoon Jongwon , Ko Heung Cho
Published: November 2022

This study demonstrates a technique for the development of 3D electronics based on planar membrane‐type devices and a supportive plastic (e.g., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene [ABS] used in this study) substrate containing internal microfluidic channels (µ‐FCs) that allow selective plasticization and transformation after the insertion of a liquid plasticizer (e.g., N,N‐dimethylformamide). The internal µ‐FC has a strong advantage of transiency and does not require an additional removal process because the channels are self‐closed by the swelling and dissolution of the plasticized regions. Furthermore, the 3D printing process to create internal µ‐FCs provides a considerable amount of freedom in channel design for sequential plasticization and transformation into complex structures. Using this method, extreme scenarios that involve complete bending of the metal electrodes and indium gallium zinc oxide thin‐film transistors laminated to the ABS substrates without electrical failure are possible, regardless of the bending direction and the vertical position of the electrode of the plastic substrate. Finally, a truncated octahedral light‐emitting diode display is successfully developed by multiple cycles of sequential plasticization and transformation processes to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
Electrohydraulic Vascular Compression Device (e‐VaC) with Integrated Sensing and Controls
Authors: Pirozzi Ileana , Kight Ali , Liang XinYi , Han Amy Kyungwon , Ennis Daniel B. , Hiesinger William , Dual Seraina A. , Cutkosky Mark R.
Published: November 2022

Right ventricular (RV) failure remains a significant clinical burden particularly during the perioperative period surrounding major cardiac surgeries, such as implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), bypass procedures or valvular surgeries. Device solutions designed to support the function of the RV do not keep up with the pace of development of left‐sided solutions, leaving the RV vulnerable to acute failure in the challenging hemodynamic environments of the perioperative setting. This work describes the design of a biomimetic, soft, conformable sleeve that can be prophylactically implanted on the pulmonary artery to support RV ventricular function during major cardiac surgeries, through afterload reduction and augmentation of flow. Leveraging electrohydraulic principles, a technology is proposed that is non‐blood contacting and obviates the necessity for drivelines by virtue of being electrically powered. In addition, the integration of an adjacent is demonstrate, continuous pressure sensing module to support physiologically adaptive control schemes based on a real‐time biological signal. In vitro experiments conducted in a pulsatile flow‐loop replicating physiological flow and pressure conditions show a reduction of mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 8 mmHg (25% reduction), a reduction in peak systolic arterial pressure of up to 10 mmHg (20% reduction), and a concomitant 19% increase in diastolic pulmonary flow. Computational simulations further predict substantial augmentation of cardiac output as a result of reduced RV ventricular stress and RV dilatation.
Cutting‐Edge Studies Toward Commercialization of Large Area Solution‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Han Gill Sang , Gong Oh Yeong , Kim Hee Jung , Kwon Nayoon , Huh Jae Suk , Seo Jangwon , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: November 2022

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been renewed annually, now recorded to 25.7%, which is the highest efficiency for thin‐film solar cells, raising expectations for commercialization. However, the PSCs have a massive technical lack in entering the photovoltaic industry because of the low PCE of perovskite solar modules (PSMs), poor stability, high levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and environmental issues. Herein, cutting‐edge studies for overcoming the challenges faced by commercialization of PSCs are discussed. First, the reduction of the efficiency gap between small‐area PSCs and the large‐area PSMs via the solution process is reviewed. Second, the strategies for stable PSMs are discussed to reduce the LCOE. In addition, the environmental issues for manufacturing and sustainable use of PSMs are dealt with and it is demonstrated that the recycling/reuse of PSMs is the most promising way to reduce the manufacturing costs. Finally, it is suggested that the life cycle assessment system from manufacturing to recycling/reuse for PSMs is the key technology to resolve the commercialization issues of PSCs.
Dissecting Heterogeneity Reveals a Unique BAMBIhighMFGE8high Subpopulation of Human UC‐MSCs
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Wen Xin , Liu Shanshan , Sun Tian , Song Hua , Wang Fang , Xu Jiayue , Zhang Yueyang , Zhao Yuanjin , Yu Jia , Sun Lingyun
Published: November 2022

Mixed human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) are widely applied in clinical trials to treat various diseases due to their multipotent differentiation potential and immune regulatory activities. However, the lack of a clear understanding of their heterogeneity hampers their application to precisely treat diseases. Moreover, few studies have experimentally authenticated the functions of so‐called UC‐MSC subpopulations classified from scRNA‐seq samples. Here, this work draws a large‐scale single‐cell transcriptomic atlas and identified three clusters (C1, C2, and C3), representing the primed, intermediate, and stem statuses individually. The C1 and C3 clusters feature higher expression of cytokines and stemness markers, respectively. Surprisingly, further experimental assays reveal that the BAMBIhighMFGE8high C1 subgroup has a unique phenotype, distinct transcriptomic profile, and limited adipogenic differentiation potential but compromised immunosuppressive activity in vitro and in vivo in lupus mice. Thus, this work is helpful to clarify the nature of human UC‐MSCs and to choose optimal MSC types to treat specific diseases in the future.
Humidity‐Responsive RGB‐Pixels via Swelling of 3D Nanoimprinted Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Ko Byoungsu , Kim Jaekyung , Yang Younghwan , Badloe Trevon , Park Jeonghoon , Ko Joo Hwan , Jeong Minsu , Kang Hyunjung , Jung Chunghwan , Song Young Min , Rho Junsuk
Published: November 2022

Humidity‐responsive structural coloration is actively investigated to realize real‐time humidity sensors for applications in smart farming, food storage, and healthcare management. Here, humidity‐tunable nano pixels are investigated with a 700 nm resolution that demonstrates full standard RGB (sRGB) gamut coverage with a millisecond‐response time. The color pixels are designed as Fabry–Pérot (F–P) etalons which consist of an aluminum mirror substrate, humidity‐responsive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) spacer, and a top layer of disordered silver nanoparticles (NPs). The measured volume change of the PVA reaches up to 62.5% when the relative humidity (RH) is manipulated from 20 to 90%. The disordered silver NP layer permits the penetration of water molecules into the PVA layer, enhancing the speed of absorption and swelling down to the millisecond level. Based on the real‐time response of the hydrogel‐based F–P etalons with a high‐throughput 3D nanoimprint technique, a high‐resolution multicolored color print that can have potential applications in display technologies and optical encryption, is demonstrated.
PbI2‐DMSO Assisted In Situ Growth of Perovskite Wafers for Sensitive Direct X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Shi Tongyu , Zhu Jiongtao , Zhang Zhenyu , Li Dong , He Xingchen , Fan Xiongsheng , Meng Lingqiang , Wang Jiahong , He Rui , Ge Yongshuai , Liu Yanliang , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng
Published: November 2022

Although perovskite wafers with a scalable size and thickness are suitable for direct X‐ray detection, polycrystalline perovskite wafers have drawbacks such as the high defect density, defective grain boundaries, and low crystallinity. Herein, PbI2‐DMSO powders are introduced into the MAPbI3 wafer to facilitate crystal growth. The PbI2 powders absorb a certain amount of DMSO to form the PbI2‐DMSO powders and PbI2‐DMSO is converted back into PbI2 under heating while releasing DMSO vapor. During isostatic pressing of the MAPbI3 wafer with the PbI2‐DMSO solid additive, the released DMSO vapor facilitates in situ growth in the MAPbI3 wafer with enhanced crystallinity and reduced defect density. A dense and compact MAPbI3 wafer with a high mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product of 8.70 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 is produced. The MAPbI3‐based direct X‐ray detector fabricated for demonstration shows a high sensitivity of 1.58 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 410 nGyair s−1.
Fully Transparent, Ultrathin Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Additive Integration for Bioelectronic Applications
Authors: Takemoto Ashuya , Araki Teppei , Nishimura Kazuya , Akiyama Mihoko , Uemura Takafumi , Kiriyama Kazuki , Koot Johan M. , Kasai Yuko , Kurihira Naoko , Osaki Shuto , Wakida Shin‐ichi , den Toonder Jaap M.J. , Sekitani Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2022

Optical transparency is highly desirable in bioelectronic sensors because it enables multimodal optical assessment during electronic sensing. Ultrathin (<5 µm) organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) can be potentially used as a highly efficient bioelectronic transducer because they demonstrate high transconductance during low‐voltage operation and close conformability to biological tissues. However, the fabrication of fully transparent ultrathin OECTs remains a challenge owing to the harsh etching processes of nanomaterials. In this study, fully transparent, ultrathin, and flexible OECTs are developed using additive integration processes of selective‐wetting deposition and thermally bonded lamination. These processes are compatible with Ag nanowire electrodes and conducting polymer channels and realize unprecedented flexible OECTs with high visible transmittance (>90%) and high transconductance (≈1 mS) in low‐voltage operations (<0.6 V). Further, electroencephalogram acquisition and nitrate ion sensing are demonstrated in addition to the compatibility of simultaneous assessments of optical blood flowmetry when the transparent OECTs are worn, owing to the transparency. These feasibility demonstrations show promise in contributing to human stress monitoring in bioelectronics.
Stimuli‐Responsive Electrospun Fluorescent Fibers Augmented with Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) for Smart Applications
Authors: Kachwal Vishal , Tan Jin‐Chong
Published: November 2022

This review addresses the latest advancements in the integration of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials with polymer electrospinning, to accomplish fine‐scale electrospun fibers with tunable photophysical and photochemical properties. Micro‐ and nanoscale fibers augmented with AIE dyes (termed AIEgens) are bespoke composite systems that can overcome the limitation posed by aggregation‐caused quenching, a critical deficiency of conventional luminescent materials. This review comprises three parts. First, the reader is exposed to the basic concepts of AIE and the fundamental mechanisms underpinning the restriction of intermolecular motions. This is followed by an introduction to electrospinning techniques pertinent to AIE‐based fibers, and the core parameters for controlling fiber architecture and resultant properties. Second, exemplars are drawn from latest research to demonstrate how electrospun nanofibers and porous films incorporating modified AIEgens (especially tetraphenylethylene and triphenylamine derivatives) can yield enhanced photostability, photothermal properties, photoefficiency (quantum yield), and improved device sensitivity. Advanced applications are drawn from several promising sectors, encompassing optoelectronics, drug delivery and biology, chemosensors and mechanochromic sensors, and innovative photothermal devices, among others. Finally, the outstanding challenges together with potential opportunities in the nascent field of electrospun AIE‐active fibers are presented, for stimulating frontier research and explorations in this exciting field.
Arthritic Microenvironment Actuated Nanomotors for Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Xu Cong , Jiang Yuejun , Wang Hong , Zhang Yuxin , Ye Yicheng , Qin Hanfeng , Gao Junbin , Dan Qing , Du Lingli , Liu Lu , Peng Fei , Li Yingjia , Tu Yingfeng
Published: November 2022

Increasing O2 demand and excessive ROS production are the main features of arthritic microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints and further play pivotal roles in inflammation exacerbation. In this work, a system of in situ regulation of arthritic microenvironment based on nanomotor strategy is proposed for active RA therapy. The synthesized MnO2‐motors enable catalytic regulation of RA microenvironment by consuming the overproduced H2O2 and generating O2 synergistically. The generated O2 under H2O2‐rich conditions functions as inflammation detector, propellant for enhanced diffusion, as well as ameliorator for the hypoxic synovial microenvironment. Owing to O2 generation and inflammation scavenging, the MnO2‐motors block the re‐polarization of pro‐inflammatory macrophages, which results in significantly decreased secretion of multiple pro‐inflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, intra‐articular administration of MnO2‐motors to collagen‐induced arthritis rats (CIA rats) effectively alleviates hypoxia, synovial inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage degradation in joints. Therefore, the proposed arthritic regulation strategy shows great potential to seamlessly integrate basic research of RA with clinical translation.
Terahertz Spin‐Conjugate Symmetry Breaking for Nonreciprocal Chirality and One‐Way Transmission Based on Magneto‐Optical Moiré Metasurface
Authors: Tan Zhiyu , Fan Fei , Guan Shengnan , Wang Hao , Zhao Dan , Ji Yunyun , Chang Shengjiang
Published: November 2022

In this work, the gyrotropic semiconductor InSb into the twisted bilayer metasurface to form a magneto‐optical moiré metasurface is introduced. Through the theoretical analysis, the “moiré angle” is developed in which case the nonreciprocity and chirality with the spin‐conjugate asymmetric transmission are obtained due to the simultaneous breaking of both time‐reversal symmetry and spatial mirror symmetry. The experiments confirm that the chirality can be actively manipulated by rotating the twisted angle and the external magnetic field, realizing spin‐conjugate asymmetric transmission. Meanwhile, the two spin states also realize the nonreciprocal one‐way transmission, and their isolation spectra are also spin‐conjugate asymmetric: one is enhanced up to 48 dB, and the other's bandwidth is widened to over 730 GHz. This spin‐conjugate symmetry‐breaking effect in the MOMM brings a combination of time‐space asymmetric transmission, and it also provides a new scheme for the implementation of high‐performance THz chirality controllers and isolators.
Ultrafast Manufacturing of Ultrafine Structure to Achieve An Energy Density of Over 120 Wh kg−1 in Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Jingchao , Luo Jiawei , Guo Zhaoxin , Liu Zhedong , Duan Cunpeng , Dou Shuming , Yuan Qunyao , Liu Peng , Ji Kemeng , Zeng Cuihua , Xu Jie , Liu Wei‐Di , Chen Yanan , Hu Wenbin
Published: November 2022

Supercapacitor (SC) is one of the most promising electrochemical energy‐storage devices. However, the practical application of SCs is limited by the low‐energy density. Herein, high‐temperature shock (HTS)‐derived ultrafine structure‐activated porous carbon (UAPC) with N, O functional groups is reported as high‐energy density SCs carbon. The process of ultrafast joule heating and cooling effectively transfers general‐purposed carbon into electrochemical‐activated carbon. The UAPC‐based SCs exhibit an energy density of up to 129 Wh kg−1 in EMIMBF4 ionic liquid, which outperform almost all reported and commercial SCs (22 Wh kg−1). The outstanding electrochemical performance of UAPC is attributed to the ultrafine structure and N, O functional groups, which enlarges the surface area, improves the surface wettability of UAPC electrodes, and provides pseudocapacitance. The facile and efficient ultrafast‐processing strategy has opened up an unprecedented pathway for the application of low‐value carbon for the electrode design and application of SCs.
A Multifunctional Polymer as an Interfacial Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Bingqian , Chen Chen , Wang Xianzhao , Du Xiaofan , Liu Dachang , Sun Xiuhong , Li Zhipeng , Hao Lianzheng , Gao Caiyun , Li Yimeng , Shao Zhipeng , Wang Xiao , Cui Guanglei , Pang Shuping
Published: November 2022

Metal‐cation defects and halogen‐anion defects in perovskite films are critical to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a random polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide) (PMMA‐AM), was synthesized to serve as an interfacial passivation layer for synergistically passivating the under‐coordinated Pb2+and anchor the I‐of the [PbI6]4−octahedron. Additionally, the interfacial PMMA‐AM passivation layer cannot be destroyed during the hole transport layer deposition because of its low solubility in chlorobenzene. This passivation leads to an enhancement in the open‐circuit voltage from 1.12 to 1.22 V and improved stability in solar cell devices, with the device maintaining 95 % of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 1000 h of maximum power point tracking. Additionally, a large‐area solar cell module was fabricated using this approach, achieving a PCE of 20.64 %.