bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sin as an Ailment of Soul and Repentance as the Process of Its Healing. The Pastoral Concept of Penitentials as a Way of Dealing with Sin, Repentance, and Forgiveness in the Insular Church of the Sixth to the Eighth Centuries
Authors: Kursawa Wilhelm
Published: April 2017

Although the advent of the Kingdom of God in Jesus contains as an intrinsic quality the opportunity for repentance (metanoia) as often as required, the Church of the first five-hundred years shows serious difficulties with the opportunity of conversion after a relapse in sinning after baptism. The Church allowed only one chance of repentance. Requirement for the reconciliation were a public confession and the acceptance of severe penances, especially after committing the mortal sin of apostasy, fornication or murder. As severe as this paenitentia canonica appears, its entire conception especially in the eastern part of the Church, the Oriental Church, is a remedial one: sin represents an ailment of the soul, the one, who received the confession, is called upon to meet the confessing person as a spiritual physician or soul-friend. Penance does not mean punishment, but healing like a salutary remedy. Nevertheless, the lack of privacy led to the unwanted practice of postponing repentance and even baptism on the deathbed. An alternative procedure of repentance arose from the sixth century onwards in the Irish Church as well as the Continental Church under the influence of Irish missionaries and the South-West-British and later the English Church (Insular Church). In treatises about repentance, called penitentials, ecclesiastical authorities of the sixth to the eight centuries wrote down regulations, how to deal with the different capital sins and minor trespasses committed by monks, clerics and laypeople. Church-representatives like Finnian, Columbanus, the anonymous author of the Ambrosianum, Cummean and Theodore developed a new conception of repentance that protected privacy and guaranteed a discrete, an affordable as well as a predictable penance, the paenitentia privata. They not only connected to the therapeutic aspect of repentance in the Oriental Church by adopting basic ideas of Basil of Caesarea and John Cassian, they also established an astonishing network in using their mutual interrelations. Here the earlier penitentials served as source for the later ones. But it is remarkable that the authors in no way appeared as simple copyists, but also as creative revisers, who took regard of the pastoral necessities of the entrusted flock. They appeared as engaged in the goal to improve their ecclesiastical as well as their civil life-circumstances to make it possible that the penitents of the different ecclesiastical estates could perform their conversion and become reconciled in a dignified way. The aim of the authors was to enable the confessors to do the healing dialogue qualitatively in a high standard; quantity was not their goal. The penitents should feel themselves healed, not punished.
Finding metastabilities in reversible Markov chains based on incomplete sampling
Authors: Fackeldey Konstantin , Niknejad Amir , Weber Marcus
Published: April 2017

In order to fully characterize the state-transition behaviour of finite Markov chains one needs to provide the corresponding transition matrix P. In many applications such as molecular simulation and drug design, the entries of the transition matrix P are estimated by generating realizations of the Markov chain and determining the one-step conditional probability Pij for a transition from one state i to state j. This sampling can be computational very demanding. Therefore, it is a good idea to reduce the sampling effort. The main purpose of this paper is to design a sampling strategy, which provides a partial sampling of only a subset of the rows of such a matrix P. Our proposed approach fits very well to stochastic processes stemming from simulation of molecular systems or random walks on graphs and it is different from the matrix completion approaches which try to approximate the transition matrix by using a low-rank-assumption. It will be shown how Markov chains can be analyzed on the basis of a partial sampling. More precisely. First, we will estimate the stationary distribution from a partially given matrix P. Second, we will estimate the infinitesimal generator Q of P on the basis of this stationary distribution. Third, from the generator we will compute the leading invariant subspace, which should be identical to the leading invariant subspace of P. Forth, we will apply Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+) in order to identify metastabilities using this subspace.
A Cre Mouse Line for Probing Irradiance- and Direction-Encoding Retinal Networks
Authors: Sabbah Shai , Berg Daniel , Papendorp Carin , Briggman Kevin L. , Berson David M.
Published: April 2017

Cell type-specific Cre driver lines have revolutionized the analysis of retinal cell types and circuits. We show that the transgenic mouse Rbp4-Cre selectively labels several retinal neuronal types relevant to the encoding of absolute light intensity (irradiance) and visual motion. In the ganglion cell layer (GCL), most marked cells are wide-field spiking polyaxonal amacrine cells (ACs) with sustained irradiance-encoding ON responses that persist during chemical synaptic blockade. Their arbors spread about 1 mm across the retina and are restricted to the inner half of the ON sublamina of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). There, they costratify with dendrites of M2 intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), to which they are tracer coupled. We propose that synaptically driven and intrinsic photocurrents of M2 cells pass through gap junctions to drive AC light responses. Also marked in this mouse are two types of RGCs. R-cells have a bistratified dendritic arbor, weak directional tuning, and irradiance-encoding ON responses. However, they also receive excitatory OFF input, revealed during ON-channel blockade. Serial blockface electron microscopic (SBEM) reconstruction confirms OFF bipolar input, and reveals that some OFF input derives from a novel type of OFF bipolar cell (BC). R-cells innervate specific layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and superior colliculus (SC). The other marked RGC type (RDS) is bistratified, transient, and ON-OFF direction selective (DS). It apparently innervates the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT). The Rbp4-Cre mouse will be valuable for targeting these cell types for further study and for selectively manipulating them for circuit analysis.
Mechanosensory Stimulation Evokes Acute Concussion-Like Behavior by Activating GIRKs Coupled to Muscarinic Receptors in a Simple Vertebrate
Authors: Li Wen-Chang , Zhu Xiao-Yue , Ritson Emma
Published: April 2017

Most vertebrates show concussion responses when their heads are hit suddenly by heavy objects. Previous studies have focused on the direct physical injuries to the neural tissue caused by the concussive blow. We study a similar behavior in a simple vertebrate, theXenopus laevistadpole. We find that concussion-like behavior can be reliably induced by the mechanosensory stimulation of the head skin without direct physical impacts on the brain. Head skin stimulation activates a cholinergic pathway which then opens G protein-coupled inward-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) via postsynaptic M2muscarinic receptors to inhibit brainstem neurons critical for the initiation and maintenance of swimming for up to minutes and can explain many features commonly observed immediately after concussion. We propose that some acute symptoms of concussion in vertebrates can be explained by the opening of GIRKs following mechanosensory stimulation to the head.
Inpatient Hospital Factors and Resident Time With Patients and Families
Authors: Destino Lauren Ann , Valentine Melissa , Sheikhi Farnoosh H. , Starmer Amy J. , Landrigan Christopher P. , Sanders Lee
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVES:

To define hospital factors associated with proportion of time spent by pediatric residents in direct patient care.

METHODS:

We assessed 6222 hours of time-motion observations from a representative sample of 483 pediatric-resident physicians delivering inpatient care across 9 pediatric institutions. The primary outcome was percentage of direct patient care time (DPCT) during a single observation session (710 sessions). We used one-way analysis of variance to assess a significant difference in the mean percentage of DPCT between hospitals. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient analysis to determine within- versus between-hospital variations. We compared hospital characteristics of observation sessions with ≥12% DPCT to characteristics of sessions with <12% DPCT (12% is the DPCT in recent resident trainee time-motion studies). We conducted mixed-effects regression analysis to allow for clustering of sessions within hospitals and accounted for correlation of responses across hospital.

RESULTS:

Mean proportion of physician DPCT was 13.2% (SD = 8.6; range, 0.2%–49.5%). DPCT was significantly different between hospitals (P < .001). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.25, indicating more within-hospital than between-hospital variation. Observation sessions with ≥12% DPCT were more likely to occur at hospitals with Magnet designation (odds ratio [OR] = 3.45, P = .006), lower medical complexity (OR = 2.57, P = .04), and higher patient-to-trainee ratios (OR = 2.48, P = .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

On average, trainees spend <8 minutes per hour in DPCT. Variation exists in DPCT between hospitals. A less complex case mix, increased patient volume, and Magnet designation were independently associated with increased DPCT.
Мікроскопічна будова та морфометричні показники підшлункової залози собак в постнатальному періоді онтогенезу
Authors: Horalskyi L.P. , Sokulskyi I.M. , Demus N.V. , Zoric Z.D.
Published: April 2017

The work on the basis of anatomical, histological, morfmetric and statistical research methods found histomorphology of pancreas in clinically healthy dogs at a postnatal ontogenesis. It was found that in the process of growth and development of animals sheer mass (AM) of the pancreas increased from 1.44 ± 0.64 g daily puppies to age 29.83 ± 3.0 g dogs 3–4 years of age. The most intensive growth options of pancreas observed to 8 months of age. Relative body weight with age, on the contrary, decreases. Histological structure of pancreas consists of individual particles composed of exocrine and endocrine parts. Exocrine part of the pancreas by morphometric studies conducted occupies the bulk of the parenchyma of the organ - the area of neonatal puppies is 99.49 ± 0.04%. From the age of exocrine gland parenchyma decreases in mature dogs is 98.55 ± 0.07%. The structural unit of the exocrine part is round or oval pancreatic acini, which built a wall pancreatocytes. The latter are elongated or prismatic shape and distinct polar differentiation – basal and apical zones. Pancreatocytes volume increases with age animals from 353.33 ± 12.91 mkm3 in one day puppies to 507.84 ± 25.06 mkm3 3–4-year-old dog, which leads to changes in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, which in newborn puppies 1-day of age is 0.139 ± 0.01 conv. units in mature dogs – 0.089 ± 0.01 conv. units, respectively, decreasing to (Р < 0.001) 1.56 times, and shows Morphofunctional pancreatocytes activity. Endocrine part of pancreas occupies a small area, respectively, in 1-day puppies is 0.51 ± 0.04%, in dogs 3–4 years of age – 1.45 ± 0.07%. It is represented by small clusters of cells round or oval, which form pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) in diameter puppies one day age is 35.31 ± 0.39 mm. in mature dogs – 36.65 ± 0.13 mm.
Índice de conicidade como preditor de alterações no perfil lipídico em adolescentes de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Neta Adélia da Costa Pereira de Arruda , Farias Júnior José Cazuza de , Martins Pamela Rodrigues , Ferreira Flávia Emília Leite de Lima
Published: April 2017

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar o indice de conicidade (Índice C) como preditor de alterações no perfil lipídico em adolescentes e estabelecer seus pontos de corte. Estudo transversal com 774 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (55% do sexo feminino), de 10 a 14 anos de idade. O Índice C foi calculado de acordo com a fórmula proposta por Valdez, considerando as medidas de massa corporal, estatura e circunferência da cintura (CC). As alterações no perfil lipídico dos adolescentes foram definidas segundo uma das seguintes condições: elevados níveis de colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade (LDL), triglicerídeos e níveis baixos de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (HDL). O poder preditivo do Índice C para alterações no perfil lipídico, assim como seus pontos de corte, foi determinado por meio das curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). O Índice C foi um bom preditor para alterações lipídicas em adolescentes, com destaque para os níveis de triglicerídeos em adolescentes do sexo masculino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,67; IC95%: 0,50-0,85) e de 12 a 14 anos (ROC = 0,69; IC95%: 0,59-0,80), assim como em adolescentes do sexo feminino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,65; IC95%: 0,50-0,79); e LDL em adolescentes do sexo feminino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,70; IC95%: 0,59-0,80) e adolescentes do sexo masculino (ROC = 0,65; IC95%: 0,55-0,75) e adolescentes do sexo feminino (ROC = 0,62; IC95%: 0,50-0,75) de 12 a 14 anos. Os pontos de corte do Índice C variaram de 1,12 a 1,16 entre meninos e meninas. O Índice C pode ser utilizado para predizer alterações lipídicas, bem como seus pontos de corte podem ser utilizados para triagem de adolescentes em risco de alterações no perfil lipídico.
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF A DRILL GUIDE TEMPLATE FOR PEDICLE SCREW PLACEMENT IN SEVERE SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Yaoshen , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Changsong , Liu Kun
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and the effect of drill guide template for pedicle screw placement in severe scoliosis. Method: Eight patients with rigid scoliosis were enrolled, five males and three females, ranging from nine to 23 years old. A three-dimensional CT scan of the spine was performed and saved as a DICOM file type. The multi-level template was designed by Mimics software and manufactured according to the part of the most severe deformity. The drill template was placed on the corresponding vertebral surface. Pedicle screws were carefully inserted across the trajectory of the template. Postoperatively, the positions of the pedicle screws were evaluated by CT scan and graded for validation. Results: No spinal cord injury or nerve damage occurred. All patients had satisfactory outcomes. The abnormalities and the measures observed during operation were the same as those found in the preoperative period. The position of the pedicle screws was accurate, according to the postoperative X-ray and CT scan. The rate of scoliosis correction was 60%. Compared with controls, surgery time, blood loss and radiation were significantly lower. Conclusion: With the application of multi-level template, the placement of pedicle screws shows high accuracy in scoliosis with shorter surgical time, less blood loss and less radiation exposure. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.
Desafios para assegurar a disponibilidade e acessibilidade à assistência médica no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula Cavalcante de , Gabriel Mariana , Poz Mario Roberto Dal , Dussault Gilles
Published: April 2017

Resumo A escassez e os desequilíbrios na distribuição da força de trabalho em saúde são problemas sociais e políticos que, juntamente com a desigualdade socioeconômica, reduzem o acesso da população aos serviços de saúde. Este estudo tem o objetivo de compreender os desafios dos formuladores de políticas e gestores do SUS para assegurar a disponibilidade e a acessibilidade geográfica aos serviços prestados pelos médicos. A análise foi orientada por um quadro de análise do mercado de trabalho e das intervenções políticas na saúde. Foram identificados dois problemas centrais: escassez de médicos e má distribuição de profissionais entre os níveis de cuidados de saúde e entre as zonas geográficas. Nesta revisão, o foco é sobre oito intervenções nos últimos 30 anos, cujo objetivo principal era corrigir a má distribuição dos médicos no SUS, nomeadamente: o Projeto Rondon, o Programa de Interiorização do Trabalho em Saúde (PITS), o Programa de Apoio à Formação de Médicos Especialistas em Áreas Estratégicas (Pró-Residência), o Programa de Valorização dos Profissionais da Atenção Básica (PROVAB), o Programa Mais Médicos, entre outras. A discussão focaliza nos fatores que influenciam o resultado dessas intervenções.
Instrumentos de avaliação do aleitamento materno e seu uso na prática clínica
Authors: Sartorio Bárbara Tideman , Coca Kelly Pereira , Marcacine Karla Oliveira , Abuchaim Érika de Sá Vieira , Abrão Ana Cristina Freitas de Vilhena
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Objetivos Identificar instrumentos de avaliação da amamentação e sua aplicação na prática clínica, validação e adaptação transcultural. Método Revisão integrativa, realizada em seis bases de dados e em uma biblioteca eletrônica, entre agosto/2014-dezembro/2015, sem limitação temporal. Resultados Foram identificados 19 instrumentos de avaliação do AM. Destes, 12 foram validados e cinco foram adaptados transculturalmente. Quanto à aplicação, destacam-se seu uso para a avaliação do risco de desmame (BAPT) e a percepção/comportamento da mulher em amamentar (BSES-SF e IIFAS). Conclusão A identificação dos instrumentos disponíveis e de suas indicações para a avaliação do AM pode auxiliar profissionais na escolha pelo instrumento a ser utilizado, qualificando a assistência materno-infantil.
PRODUCTION OF LETTUCE UNDER GREEN MANURING WITH Calotropis procera IN TWO CULTIVATION SEASONS
Authors: SOUZA ÊNIO GOMES FLÔR , LIMA EDSON FERREIRA DE , BARROS JÚNIOR AURÉLIO PAES , SILVEIRA LINDOMAR MARIA DA , BEZERRA NETO FRANCISCO , CRUZ ELLEN ABREU DA
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The production of vegetable crops is characterized by intensive land use, high input demands and the requirement of strategic management adoption with an agro-ecological approach. In this study, agronomic indicators were evaluated in lettuce fertilized with different amounts of roostertree biomass; fertilizer was incorporated into the soil at distinct times and seedlings were planted in two cropping seasons (spring and autumn-winter) in Serra Talhada, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized complete blocks with three replications and treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme. The first factor was the amounts of roostertree biomass (5.4, 8.8, 12.2, and 15.6 t ha -1 on a dry basis) and the second the manure incorporation times (0, 10, 20, and 30 days before lettuce transplanting). The variables evaluated in the lettuce crop were: plant height and diameter, number of leaves per plant, productivity of green mass, and dry shoot mass. Maximum productivity and dry shoot mass were obtained using fertilization with 15.6 t ha -1. A synchrony between supply of nutrients by green manure and the period of maximum demand by lettuce was observed in the incorporation times of 10 (spring) and 20 (autumn-winter) days before transplanting. Cultivation in the spring resulted in higher vegetative growth.
SEDATION OF NILE TILAPIA WITH ESSENTIAL OILS: TEA TREE, CLOVE, EUCALYPTUS, AND MINT OILS
Authors: REZENDE FABRÍCIO PEREIRA , PASCOAL LÍVIA MENDONÇA , VIANNA RAFAEL ALVES , LANNA EDUARDO ARRUDA TEIXEIRA
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Essential oils have been extensively used in many commercial applications, one of them being anesthetics. The effect of four essential oils (tea tree, clove, eucalyptus, and mint oils) on the sedation, recovery, and behavioral stress of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated. The sedative solutions, prepared with essential oils and anhydrous ethanol (1:4), were used for fish management procedures at a dose of 7.4 mL L-1 in a completely randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates. The means were compared using Scott-Knott test (P < 0.05). Clove oil was found to be the most suitable oil for the immobilization of Nile tilapia; however, behavioral observations indicate that tea tree oil was the most efficient in reducing stress.
Three dimensional evaluation of alveolar bone changes in response to different rapid palatal expansion activation rates
Authors: LaBlonde Brian , Vich Manuel Lagravere , Edwards Paul , Kula Katherine , Ghoneima Ahmed
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this multi-center retrospective study was to quantify the changes in alveolar bone height and thickness after using two different rapid palatal expansion (RPE) activation protocols, and to determine whether a more rapid rate of expansion is likely to cause more adverse effects, such as alveolar tipping, dental tipping, fenestration and dehiscence of anchorage teeth. Methods: The sample consisted of pre- and post-expansion records from 40 subjects (age 8-15 years) who underwent RPE using a 4-banded Hyrax appliance as part of their orthodontic treatment to correct posterior buccal crossbites. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their RPE activation rates (0.5 mm/day and 0.8 mm/day; n = 20 each group). Three-dimensional images for all included subjects were evaluated using Dolphin Imaging Software 11.7 Premium. Maxillary base width, buccal and palatal cortical bone thickness, alveolar bone height, and root angulation and length were measured. Significance of the changes in the measurements was evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and comparisons between groups were done using ANOVA. Significance was defined at p ≤ 0.05. Results: RPE activation rates of 0.5 mm per day (Group 1) and 0.8 mm per day (Group 2) caused significant increase in arch width following treatment; however, Group 2 showed greater increases compared to Group 1 (p < 0.01). Buccal alveolar height and width decreased significantly in both groups. Both treatment protocols resulted in significant increases in buccal-lingual angulation of teeth; however, Group 2 showed greater increases compared to Group 1 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both activation rates are associated with significant increase in intra-arch widths. However, 0.8 mm/day resulted in greater increases. The 0.8 mm/day activation rate also resulted in more increased dental tipping and decreased buccal alveolar bone thickness over 0.5 mm/day.
PAHs diagnostic ratios for the distinction of petrogenic and pirogenic sources: applicability in the Upper Iguassu Watershed - Parana, Brazil
Authors: Santos Mauricius Marques dos , Brehm Franciane de Almeida , Filippe Tais Cristina , Reichert Gabriela , Azevedo Júlio César Rodrigues de
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered persistent organic pollutants and can cause serious damage in some organisms, including mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PAH concentrations in an urban basin and use diagnostic ratios to possible distinguish sources of contamination. The surface water analysis showed predominance of compounds containing 3 to 4 aromatic rings while in suspended particulate matter and sediment there was a predominance of compounds containing 4, 5 and 6 rings. Although present in low concentrations in the sediment, assessment of toxicity equivalent factor (TEF) showed values higher than 3 ng g–1 pellet to 50% of the samples with values of up to 125.35 ng g-1. The use of diagnostic ratios allowed verifying that the main source of PAHs in these aquatic environments, are pyrogenic sources. Still, the use of such relations should be done with caution, trying to assess possible interference of degradation factors
¿Lo piensa realmente? Al menos así lo escribe
Authors: Sy Anahi
Published: April 2017

Resumen Este escrito propone reflexionar en torno a la producción de conocimiento científico y la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas formas de comunicar los resultados de nuestras investigaciones, especialmente en el campo de la Salud Colectiva, necesariamente inter o transdisciplinaria. Para ello analiza los principales obstáculos para la producción de un conocimiento novedoso: las dificultades inherentes al trabajo inter o transdisciplinario, en paralelo a la hiper especialización al interior de cada disciplina; la exigencia de producción por la cual serán evaluados los investigadores, que coadyuva a la mercantilización del conocimiento científico, a la alienación en el trabajo de investigación y al empobrecimiento cada vez mayor de la calidad de los textos que se produce. A partir de la exploración sobre las modalidades expresivas del arte contemporáneo, proponemos una escritura “transgénero" como modo de atravesar disciplinas, lenguajes y géneros discursivos a favor del desarrollo de modalidades expresivas que habiliten la creación de nuevos objetos, para superar la arbitrariedad de las clasificaciones, formas de nombrar y describir tradicionales, para establecer formas de comunicar e investigar que respondan a la complejidad de los problemas que afectan a la salud hoy, antes que a objetos delimitados disciplinariamente.
A produção do cuidado em saúde mental: avanços e desafios à implantação do modelo de atenção psicossocial territorial
Authors: Nunes Jeanine Maria Sobral , Guimarães José Maria Ximenes , Sampaio José Jackson Coelho
Published: April 2017

Resumo Objetiva-se compreender as razões de implantação do modelo de atenção psicossocial territorial, seus avanços e desafios na produção do cuidado, no atual movimento de Reforma Psiquiátrica ocorrido em Fortaleza, Ceará. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, por via de estudo de caso, contextualizado historicamente, e de aproximação com o método dialético, tecnicamente, por meio de entrevista e grupo focal, com resultados submetidos à Análise do Discurso Coletivo. Os resultados e a discussão se expressam em categorias surgidas dos discursos dos trabalhadores, gestores e usuários, relacionadas aos modelos psiquiátrico clássico e de atenção psicossocial territorial. Do conjunto da investigação, afloraram as considerações finais, indicando que convivem tanto o modelo hospitalar quanto o modelo de atenção psicossocial territorial, não tendo havido superação do primeiro pelo segundo. Apesar da perspectiva de uma política de ação includente e integrada, o trânsito para a prática é descontínuo e fragmentário. Dessa forma, o modelo de atenção psicossocial territorial é expresso, atualmente, fora da realidade dos serviços, estranho/alienado, sem muitas perspectivas de elaboração e execução em Fortaleza, Ceará.
Avaliação formativa no ensino superior: avanços e contradições
Authors: Silva Natália Luiza , Mendes Olenir Maria
Published: April 2017

Resumo: Neste trabalho, destacaremos alguns dados obtidos a partir de pesquisa sobre a avaliação das aprendizagens em cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) que têm a avaliação formativa como diretriz em seus projetos político-pedagógicos. O objetivo da investigação foi analisar os processos de avaliação das aprendizagens nesses cursos e verificar em que medida constituem uma avaliação para as aprendizagens, cumprindo seu papel pedagógico. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três etapas. A primeira consistiu na análise documental dos projetos político-pedagógicos dos cursos em questão. Posteriormente, foram analisados os planos de ensino dos componentes curriculares ministrados nesses cursos. Na última fase da pesquisa, foram feitas entrevistas com professores(as) que demonstraram em seu plano de ensino mais indícios de realizarem a avaliação formativa. Traremos, neste artigo, alguns elementos identificados na pesquisa, buscando provocar reflexões sobre as práticas avaliativas na Universidade. Antes disso, faremos algumas considerações sobre a lógica que fundamenta a avaliação educacional, bem como sobre o entendimento de avaliação formativa que embasa nossas análises. De modo geral, foi possível verificar, com a investigação, que houve um avanço, embora pequeno, no discurso da Instituição, por meio de seus documentos oficiais de planejamento. Alguns deles já explicitam a necessidade de a prática avaliativa ocorrer numa perspectiva formativa. Por outro lado, tanto nos planos de ensino quanto nas entrevistas foram identificados elementos incoerentes com os princípios da avaliação formativa.
Predictors of Cognitive Dysfunction among Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Williams Uduak Effiong , Oparah Sidney Kelechi , Soter Ameh ,   Internal Medicine Department, Neurology Unit, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.,   Internal Medicine Department, Neurology Unit, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.,   Community Medicine Department, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
Published: April 2017

Cognitive dysfunction including dementia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that has just been recently appreciated. It has negative outcomes in the management of patients with CKD. This study explored the possible biochemical and clinical features of patients with CKD that can predict the occurrence of cognitive impairment in patients with moderate to severe CKD. We evaluate patients with stages 3-5 CKD for the occurrence and predictors of cognitive impairment. Multiple areas of cognitive function were tested in this single-center study using Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) and Trial-Making Test A (TMTA)/Trial-Making Test B (TMTB). Cognitive impairment was correlated with patients’ routine biochemical, hematological, and selected clinical parameters. We observed a negative correlation between cognitive impairment and patient’s serum calcium (r 5 0.240; p 5 0.033) and estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r 5 0.379; p 5 0.0006). Therefore, eGFR is an accurate predictor of cognitive dysfunction in patients with moderate to severe CKD. Early evaluation of cognitive function in CKD is indeed advised for optimal outcome in the management of patients with CKD.
Body Mass Index and Intensive Care Unit Outcomes in African American Patients
Authors: Lewis O’Dene , Ngwa Julius , Kibreab Angesom , Phillpotts Marc , Thomas Alicia , Mehari Alem
Published: April 2017

Purpose: We sought to determine whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with worse intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes among Black patients.

Methods: Patients admitted to the medical ICU during 2012 were categorized into six BMI groups based on the World Health Organization criteria. ICU mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), need for and duration of mechanical ventilation and organ failure rate were assessed.

Results: A total of 605 patients with mean age 58.9 ± 16.0 years were studied. Compared with those with normal BMI, obese patients had significant higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea diagnoses (P<.001 for all). A total of 100 (16.5%) patients died during their ICU stay. Obesity was not associated with increased odds of ICU mortality (OR=.58; 95% CI, .16-2.20). Moreover, improved survival was observed for class II obese patients (OR, .031; 95% CI, .001–.863). There were no differences in the need for and duration of mechanical ventilation between the BMI groups. How­ever, ICU and hospital LOS were significant­ly longer in patients with obesity.

Conclusion: Obesity was not associated with increased ICU mortality; however, obesity was associated with increased comorbid illness and with significant longer ICU and hospital length of stay.

Ethn Dis.2017;27(2):161-168; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.161
Snail & Worm: Three Stories about Two Friends by T. Kügler
Authors: Jin Jing
Published: April 2017

Kügler, Tina. Snail & Worm: Three Stories about Two Friends. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016.Author, illustrator, and perhaps the friend of snails and worms in her backyard, Tina Kügler introduces readers to this hilarious book with three little stories of two best friends—a lovely Snail with a droll sense of humor and imagination, and a friendly Worm with a generous heart. In the first story, when Snail joyously plays with the rock, Bob, and the stick, Ann, we can see our lovely and naïve toddlers, and even our inner child. In the next story, when Worm warmly encourages Snail to climb to the top of a tall flower, we can recall how our families, teachers, and friends firmly support us even when we do silly things. And finally, when Snail and Worm have the interesting conversation about their pets, no one can refuse but smile sentimentally. They are not invertebrates anymore, but are as lively as our children, our friends, and ourselves.The dialogic text as well as the storyboard-style illustration adds a flavour of children’s comic-strip to this picture book. The fresh yet soft colour of the drawings creates a snug feeling like spring for readers. Its funny plot, vivid illustrations, and simple vocabulary will definitely be loved by pre-school and kindergarten children. The text and the illustrations are perfectly married with each other. The hilarious dialogues can be easily memorized by young students and even pre-readers, but would also fit well for a drama performance in the classroom.This book will make you giggle with your toddlers or even with your adult family and friends; I can’t wait to read more Snail & Worm adventures!Highly Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Jing JinJing Jin is a doctoral student at University of Alberta, studying and working in the fields of language and literacy in elementary education. She received her M.A. degree in children’s literature from Ocean University of China, and her M.Ed. degree from the University of Saskatchewan. Her master’s thesis is a comparative study of selected award-winning Canadian and Chinese children’s picture books.
Hybrid Mode Locked Fiber Ring Laser
Authors: Li Wenbo , Zhang Xiang
Published: April 2017

Mode locked pulse generation has been reported using both active and passive mode locking schemes. Active mode locking technique has been proven to be an effective way to generate high-repetition-rate pulses by incorporating a modulator inside the laser cavity. Compared to actively mode locked lasers, passively mode locked lasers can generate pulse train at ultrashort pulse width but with relatively lower repetition rate. Thus, it is a brilliant idea to build a hybrid mode locked system combining both active and passive mode lockers. In this review, several hybrid mode locked fiber ring laser systems are discussed and summarized. Hybrid mode locking is a promising method to generate high speed ultrashort optical pulses for fiber-optic telecommunication system.
Frailty:Pathophysiology, Phenotype and Patient Care Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series Vol 83
Authors: Jeyanthi G. P.
Published: April 2017

The demographic shift in the average age of the population worldwide calls for careful attention to the nutritional health needs of the elderly. Frailty is associated with increased disability, post surgical complications and increased mortality. This geriatric disorder is not given proper attention in clinical settings.
Assessment of Risk Determinants of Sustainable Food Safety Status in Food Court
Authors: Mishra Mamatha , Prakash Jamuna
Published: April 2017

The status of food safety at a food court in Bangalore city was studied through risk determinants which defined the relationship between prerequisites (PRP), operational prerequisites (OPRP) and critical control point (CCP). Six Food Business Operators (FBO) were identified and data collected through visual observation and verification of the flow of operations. The tools used were questionnaires which were developed based on FSSAI guidelines. These questionnaires assessed kitchen location and design, status of equipment and facilities, critical control points, sanitation and personal hygiene using an ordinal scale of four for rating. The results indicated that the PRP and OPRP of the FBOs had 50% compliance in location and <50% compliance in design, layout, equipment, facilities, control of operations, sanitation and personnel hygiene. Lack of facilities in all 6 FBOs like drain, hand wash and space constraint with a score of 43% affected the CCPs of kitchen and personnel hygiene. The facilities like potable water, drainage, sewage disposal, ventilation and lighting had 51% compliance. Personnel hygiene, cross contamination of food, the operational area and food handling methods had least score of 38.75%. The storage had a low score (47.5%) due to space constraint leading to overload of food in operations, freezers and refrigerator without proper segregation. The low scores of 40% compliance in traceability of incoming raw material increased the risk. Pest control and waste management was very poor. Health status of the personnel was not assessed and they were not trained in food safety. A sustainable system of food safety requires PRP, OPRP and CCP design in accordance with the business. The FBOs were unaware of the importance of food safety and the potential risk of serving unsafe food to customers emphasizing the need for training.
Safe Sex in the 1970s: Community Practitioners on the Eve of AIDS
Authors: Blair Thomas R.
Published: April 2017

In the 1970s, groups of gay and gay-allied health professionals began to formulate guidelines for safer sexual activity, several years before HIV/AIDS. Through such organizations as the National Coalition of Gay Sexually Transmitted Disease Services, Bay Area Physicians for Human Rights, and the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, these practitioners developed materials that would define sexual health education for the next four decades, as well as such concepts as “bodily fluids” and the “safe sex hanky.” To do so, they used their dual membership in the community and the health professions. Although the dichotomy between the gay community and the medical establishment helped define the early history of HIV/AIDS, the creative work of these socially “amphibious” activists played an equally important part. Amid current debates over preexposure prophylaxis against HIV and Zika virus transmission, lessons for sexual health include the importance of messaging, the difficulty of behavioral change, and the vitality of community-driven strategies to mitigate risk.
The Interface Among Poverty, Air Mattress Industry Trends, Policy, and Infant Safety
Authors: Doering Jennifer J. , Salm Ward Trina C.
Published: April 2017

Infants can suffocate on air mattresses, even when the mattress is fully inflated. The interfacing issues of poverty, the bedbug epidemic, and changes in the design and marketing of air mattresses may be increasing consumer use of air mattresses as primary sleep environments and thus increasing the potential for infant death.

Despite recent changes to improve air mattress safety labeling, the National Child Death Review Case Reporting System found that between 2004 and 2015 across 24 states, an air mattress was the incident sleep place for 108 infants whose deaths were either during sleep or in a sleep environment. At the same time, design components such as inflatable headboards and memory foam pillow tops potentially increase the hazard to infants, and marketing changes represent air mattresses as a preferred low-cost primary sleep environment.

Analysis of current data surveillance systems, published position statements, and consumer materials from national organizations and federal agencies reveal opportunities for changing policy to better protect infants from this hazard.
Overview of Asian American Data Collection, Release, and Analysis: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018
Authors: Paulose-Ram Ryne , Burt Vicki , Broitman Lisa , Ahluwalia Namanjeet
Published: April 2017

Data System. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, is a cross-sectional survey on the health and nutritional status of US adults and children.

Data Collection/Processing. A complex, multistage probability design is used to select a sample representative of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population. NHANES includes in-home interviews, physical examinations, and biospecimen collection. About 5000 persons are examined annually. Since 2011, NHANES has been oversampling Asian Americans in addition to traditionally oversampled groups, including Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks.

Data Analysis/Dissemination. Data are publicly released online in 2-year cycles. Some data, because of disclosure risk, are only available through the Research Data Center. Data users should read documentation, examine sample sizes and response rates, and account for the complex survey design. With publicly released data, analyses of Asians as a single group is only possible; some Asian subgroup analyses may be conducted through the Research Data Center.

Public Health Implications. Oversampling Asians in NHANES 2011–2018 allows national estimates to be computed on health conditions, nutrition, and risk factors of public health importance on this growing subpopulation of Asian Americans.
Characterizing Cereal Rye Biomass and Allometric Relationships across a Range of Fall Available Nitrogen Rates in the Eastern United States
Authors: Mirsky Steven B. , Spargo John T. , Curran William S. , Reberg‐Horton S. Chris , Ryan Matthew R. , Schomberg Harry H. , Ackroyd Victoria J.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Cereal rye has the capacity for substantial biomass and N accumulation.

Cereal rye shoots accumulated roughly 50% of the fertilizer N applied in our study.

Cereal rye required 72.4 kg added N ha−1 to reach maximum biomass production.

The average maximum biomass was 2853 kg ha−1 at GS25 and 9739 kg ha−1 at GS60.

Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) is widely grown due to its winter hardiness and adaptability to varied soil and environmental conditions. Fall and spring climate and available soil N drive biomass production. However, there is limited empirical information on the effects of these factors on cover crop performance. Farmers need early spring indicators of cereal rye performance to guide management. A 3‐yr experiment was initiated to test and model the effects of climate and soil N fertility on cereal rye growth and allometric relationships in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina under five‐six fall fertilizer rates. We hypothesized that allometric relationships between early spring growth indicators can guide management decisions. Measurements included tillering, biomass, tissue N, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at Zadoks growth stages (GS) 25, 30, and 60. Nitrogen application increased biomass: maximum average biomass was 2853, 4844, and 9739 kg ha−1, respectively, at GS25, GS30, and GS60. At GS25, biomass accounted for the greatest amount of model variation and better predicted GS60 biomass than shoot density and NDVI. Variance attributed solely to GS25 and GS30 biomass constituted 38.5 to 65.2% of total model variance. Models accurately predicted biomass and N accumulation 34 to 60% of the time. This study illustrates the difficulty in predicting late season biomass and N content based on early measurements. One extension of this research would be the development of a simple protocol to accurately sample cereal rye biomass at GS25 to estimate potential N accumulation and biomass at GS60.
Respon Mainstream Terhadap Globalisasi dan Aplikasinya
Authors: Anam Khoirul
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Globalization as a multi-dimensional phenomenon at some point generate a variety of perspectives. On the one hand, the scientists assume that globalization is a science paradigrma (grand theory) in the scholarly community service, but if we look at the broader aspects of the globalization of the implications of globalization also posed on the pattern of development of science and technology world. Th is paper tries to elaborate the implications of globalization as an approach in the social sciences to the pattern of development of science and technology. In the early 1970s gold reached a stage of development of capitalism and technological development pattern at that time adopted many technological developments (hard technology) but when in the 1990s era of globalization comes the pattern of technological developments turn out to be more humane. What happens is that there is an attempt to force a culture to another culture. Th is will have a big impact on the life of society. Today, people fed to then make Western culture as daily until the new kemudian budaya releasing or removing people's identity. To overcome it, clearly need to be selective in accepting a culture.

Keyword: globalization, technology, culture.
GURU DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR AGAMA ANAK TUNA GRAHITA
Authors: Kurniawati Etik
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Religious Education given to children with intellectual challenges are di? erent from normal children in general. Th e di? erence is not in its subject matter, but in terms of the extent and development of materials of religious education tailored to the child’s ability. A Mentally dissabled child is not easy to be educated about the teaching of religion, because the limitations in capturing the religious instruction and behavior di? erent from normal children. Teachers have an important character such as a motivator. Teachers should be able to increase or stimulate activity, provide encouragement, as a good example, as well as providing facilities for students to have a passion in studying religion, especially in the process of learning in children with intellectual challenges who have mental conditions that are di? erent from normal children. Th erefore, it is important for teachers to give encouragement or stimulus that they have a passion and interest in the study of religion.

Keywords: Teacher, Motivation, Mentally disabled.
Capacitação de profissionais sob a perspectiva da redução de danos: drogas, vamos pensar!
Authors: TORRES Samantha , ECKER Daniel Dall'Igna
Published: April 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer para reflexão o tema das drogas. Como material de dispositivo para análise, apresentamos o relato de experiência de uma capacitação sobre o assunto, oferecida a profissionais de serviços públicos. A partir da capacitação, visamos compreender o que cada um dos profissionais entendia por droga e se já haviam feito o uso de substâncias. Por meio dos debates realizados, elencamos 5 grandes temas que permearam a discussão e as respostas dos profissionais, foram eles: 1) Drogas e Saúdes; 2) Drogas e Efeitos; 3) Drogas e Materialidades; 4) Drogas e Seres Humanos; 5) Drogas e Conceitos. Através da reflexão sobre esses cinco temas, questionamos a forma como a temática das drogas ainda é envolta por muitas ações de censura e por uma multiplicidade de interpretações. Assim, assumindo a falência dessa estratégia nas políticas de cuidado que têm se mostrado eficazes, afirmamos a importância do pensar sobre as drogas como meio para o tratamento dos usuários que fazem uso problemático, com base na reflexão sobre o uso, responsabilização e auto-gestão de todos os envolvidos.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Inducing Tumor Cell Apoptosis of Two Ru(II) Complexes Containing Guanidinium as Ligands
Authors: Sun Jing , Chen Wen-Xiu , Song Xing-Dong , He Shu-Fen , Chen Jia-Xi , Mei Jun , Zhu Xiao-Xian , Wu Tie
Published: April 2017

Description:

Two new ruthenium(II) complexes containing guanidinium as ligands, [Ru(dip)2
(L1)]3+ (Ru1) and [Ru(dip)2(L2)]3+ (Ru2) (dip=4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; L1=1-(4-(1H-imidazo[4,5-
f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)guanidine cation; L2 = 1-(3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)
phenyl)guanidine cation) have been synthesized and characterized. Both complexes display higher cytotoxicity
against several cancer cell lines compared to cisplatin and are less cytotoxic on the nontumorigenic cell
line LO2. Intracellular distribution studies show that these complexes are selectively localized in the
cytoplasm.

Findings:

Further analysis revealed that Ru1 and Ru2 had no obvious effects on the cell cycle and induced
apoptosis in HeLa cells via the mitochondrial pathway, which involved reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation,
mitochondrial dysfunction, and Bcl-2 family member activation. Taken together, the two complexes have
the potential to be utilized as anticancer agents.