bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards utilization of rule base structure to support fuzzy rule interpolation
Authors: Jiang Changhong , Jin Shangzhu , Shang Changjing , Shen Qiang
Published: July 2022

Fuzzy rule interpolation (FRI) offers a reliable approach for providing an interpretable approximate decision with a sparse rule base, when a new observation does not match any existing rules. As the mainstream application of a fuzzy rule base is to extract valuable approximate information from each individual rules, existing FRI methods typically work by postulating that the more rules used to implement the interpolation the better the reasoning outcomes. Yet, empirical results have shown that using a large number of rules in an FRI process may adversely lead to worsening the accuracy of the inference outcomes, not just degrading efficiency. The objective of this work is to set a firm theoretical foundation for the eventual establishment of a novel FRI approach. It achieves this goal by mapping the structural patterns within a given fuzzy rule base onto a mathematically isomorphic data space, such that the essential information embedded in the original rule base can be effectively captured, represented and analysed. The resulting mathematically mapped patterns enable the production of a theorem that determines the upper limit of the number of rules required to effectively and efficiently perform FRI. The experimental investigations reported herein demonstrate that the number of required rules to perform FRI obeys the theorem discovered in this work.
Histamine H1‐ and H2‐receptors participate to provide metabolic energy differently
Authors: Mohammadi‐Pilehdarboni Hanieh , Rasouli Mehdi
Published: July 2022

Histamine participates in a variety of physiological functions. The local effects of histamine have a role to provide metabolic energy for the tissues. The objective of this work is to study the mechanism whereby histamine affects serum glucose and liver glycogen fractions. Six groups of 10 male rats received two injections with histamine, H1‐agonist (dipyridylethylamine), H2‐agonist (dimaprit), H1‐agonist plus H1‐antagonist (cetirizine), or H2‐agonist plus H2‐antagonist (famotidine). Serum glucose and liver glycogen fractions were measured. Histamine caused a significant increase in serum glucose (163.7 ± 5.4 vs. 153.2 ± 3.3 mg/dl, p = 0.023). The effect of histamine was mimicked by selective H1‐agonist (164.2 ± 3.5 vs. 152.8 ± 2.9 mg/dl, p = 0.005) but not with H2‐agonist (159.3 ± 3.7 vs. 156.3 ± 4.8 mg/dl, p = 0.281). The effect of H1‐agonist was abolished in the presence of selective H1‐antagonist. Treatment by H1‐ but not H2‐agonist decreased total glycogen by about 35% (30.6 ± 0.5 vs. 47.3 ± 2.8 mg/g wet weight of liver, p = 0.003). The decrease happened wholly in ASG fraction (26.8 ± 1.2 vs. 43.7 ± 3.2 mg/g wet weight of liver, p = 0.004), while AIG did not change significantly (4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 4.5 ± 0.4 mg/g wet weight of liver, p = 0.724). Histamine causes to decrease glycogen in the liver and increased serum glucose. The effects of histamine were mediated via H1‐receptors. ASG was metabolically active fraction of liver glycogen in this process. The results confirm the role of histamine in providing metabolic energy of the tissues.
Helping hand or centralizing tool? The politics of conditional grants in Australia, Canada, and the United States
Authors: Schnabel Johanna , Dardanelli Paolo
Published: July 2022

Conditional grant programs are widely used in federal systems to address the tension between decentralized policy provision and territorial equity, given constraints on constituent units' ability to raise revenues. While enhancing their financial capacity, conditional grants are often seen as reducing constituent units' policy autonomy. Against this backdrop, this article examines the actual impact conditional grants have on the capacity and autonomy of a constituent unit. We analyze key milestones in the genesis and evolution of conditional grant programs in education and healthcare in Australia, Canada, and the United States. We find that the impact of conditional grants primarily depends on constituent units' size, fiscal capacity, and distinctiveness. Conditional grants are most beneficial to smaller and/or fiscally weaker constituent units but highly distinctive units suffer the most significant autonomy losses. If they are not to exacerbate centralization, conditional grants programs thus need to be sensitive to the preferences of the more distinctive constituent units.
Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human coagulation factor VIII (omfiloctocog alfa) in previously treated Chinese children with severe hemophilia A
Authors: Wu Runhui , Wang Xiaoling , Zhao Xielan , Cheng Yanli , Zhou Zeping , Sun Jing , Xu Ming , Li Wenqian , Xiao Jianwen , Yang Fenge , Chen Yun , Xu Weiqun , Huang Jing , Ma Chuanrong , Gai Wenlin , Xie Liangzhi , Yang Renchi
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Omfiloctocog alfa, the first China‐developed recombinant factor VIII (FVIII), demonstrated efficacy and safety of prophylaxis in previously treated patients (PTPs) aged ≥12 years with severe hemophilia A in China.

Aims

To investigate efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of omfiloctocog alfa in pediatric PTPs with severe hemophilia A in China.

Methods

PTPs (>50 exposure days [ED] for Chinese patients aged <6 years; >150 EDs for patients aged 6–12 years) were treated with omfiloctocog alfa at 25–50 IU/kg every other day or three times per week for 24 weeks. PK was evaluated after single injection of 50 IU/kg. The primary efficacy endpoint was annualized bleeding rate (ABR).

Results

A total of 69 patients were enrolled (<6 years, n = 35; 6–12 years, n = 34) and mean exposure to omfiloctocog alfa was 78.9 days. Mean half‐life was 6.7 and 10.2 h in children < 6 years and 6–12 years, respectively. Estimated mean ABRs of all patients were 4.05 for overall bleeding episodes and 1.38 for spontaneous bleeding episodes. Of 127 bleeding episodes, the success rate was 92.1%. 39.7% patients did not experience any bleeding episodes and the mean weekly dose of FVIII was 109.1 IU/kg for these patients. 83% bleeding episodes were controlled with ≤2 injections. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.9% of the patients. One 2‐year‐old patient developed inhibitors after 12 EDs and it resolved with omfiloctocog alfa immune tolerance induction.

Conclusion

Omfiloctocog alfa was efficacious and well tolerated for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in Chinese pediatric PTPs with severe hemophilia A.
Sofosbuvir–velpatasvir in adults with hepatitis C virus infection and compensated cirrhosis in Japan
Authors: Takehara Tetsuo , Izumi Namiki , Mochida Satoshi , Genda Takuya , Fujiyama Shigetoshi , Notsumata Kazuo , Tamori Akihiro , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suri Vithika , Mercier Renee‐Claude , Matsuda Takuma , Matsuda Kana , Kato Naoya , Chayama Kazuaki , Kumada Hiromitsu
Published: July 2022

Background & Purpose

Protease‐free regimens for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are safe and effective for persons with either compensated or decompensated cirrhosis. We examined the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir–velpatasvir in participants with HCV and compensated cirrhosis in Japan.

Methods

This was a Phase 3, multi‐center, open‐label study. At 20 sites, 37 individuals with chronic HCV infection of any genotype and compensated cirrhosis received sofosbuvir–velpatasvir (400 mg/100 mg) daily for 12 weeks. Participants were treatment‐naïve or treatment‐experienced with interferon‐based treatments with or without HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors. Prior exposure with HCV NS5A or NS5B inhibitors was prohibited. The primary study endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12).

Results

Among participants, 62% had HCV genotype 1 infection, and 38% had HCV genotype 2. More than three quarters (29/37, 78%) were HCV treatment naïve. All participants (37/37, 100%) achieved SVR12. Seventeen participants (46%) and three participants (8%) had pretreatment resistance‐associated substitutions to HCV NS5A and NS5B nucleoside inhibitors respectively, yet no on‐treatment breakthrough or relapse occurred. Sofosbuvir–velpatasvir for 12 weeks treatment was safe and well tolerated. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache (8%, 3/37) and diarrhea (5%, 2/37). One serious adverse event, patella fracture, occurred and was considered not treatment related. No participants discontinued study treatment due to an adverse event. Three participants (8%) had a Grade 3 laboratory abnormality; all were hyperglycemia.

Conclusion

Sofosbuvir–velpatasvir resulted in high SVR rates and was well tolerated among Japanese patients with HCV and compensated cirrhosis. This single‐tablet regimen offers a highly effective, protease‐inhibitor free regimen for treating HCV.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04112303.
Participants' experiences of the management of screen‐detected complex polyps within a structured bowel cancer screening programme
Authors: Semedo Lenira , Gjini Ardiana , Dolwani Sunil , Lifford Kate J.
Published: July 2022

Background

The Bowel Screening Wales complex polyp removal service was introduced to address variations in surgery rates for screen‐detected complex benign colorectal polyps, to improve the quality of the screening service and to make management of these polyps more equitable across Wales. Little is known about patient experiences and the potential impact on quality of life when undergoing complex polyp removal. This study is part of a wider research programme evaluating the decision‐making, pathways and outcomes from complex polyp removal.

Objective

This study aimed to understand experiences of having a complex polyp removed and how this may influence quality of life.

Design

Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted, and a thematic approach was used for data analysis.

Setting and Participants

All participants had a complex polyp removed after a positive stool test and review by Bowel Screening Wales' Network Multi‐Disciplinary Team.

Results

Twenty‐one participants were interviewed. Most participants had their complex polyps removed endoscopically and reported no or minor problems or negative outcomes following their procedure. For a small minority, worse problems (e.g., pain, bowel dysfunction) and negative outcomes (e.g., cancer) followed their procedures. Most participants felt supported and reassured throughout their procedures. Any physical and emotional changes to quality of life were mainly linked to procedure outcomes.

Discussion

Experiences of complex polyp removal were generally positive, with minimal changes in quality of life.

Conclusions

While most people had a positive experience of having a complex polyp removed, support initiatives, such as counselling or signposting to coping strategies, may be helpful to reduce any potential negative effects of procedures on quality of life.

Patient or Public Contribution

Four patient and public involvement partners provided feedback on participant materials.
Routine SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination for all children*
Authors: De Paris Kristina , Permar Sallie R.
Published: July 2022

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented health and economic losses. Children generally present with less severe disease from this virus compared with adults, yet neonates and children with COVID‐19 can require hospitalization, and older children can develop severe complications, such as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome, resulting in >1500 deaths in children from COVID‐19 since the onset of the pandemic. The introduction of effective SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in school‐age children and adult populations combined with the emergence of new, more highly transmissible SARS‐CoV‐2 variants has resulted in a proportional increase of infections in young children. Here, we discuss (1) the current knowledge on pediatric SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and pathogenesis in comparison with adults, (2) the data on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in children, and (3) the benefits of early life SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination.
Are You All Normal? It Depends!
Authors: Chen Wanfang , Genton Marc G.
Published: July 2022

The assumption of normality has underlain much of the development of statistics, including spatial statistics, and many tests have been proposed. In this work, we focus on the multivariate setting and first review the recent advances in multivariate normality tests for i.i.d. data, with emphasis on the skewness and kurtosis approaches. We show through simulation studies that some of these tests cannot be used directly for testing normality of spatial data. We further review briefly the few existing univariate tests under dependence (time or space), and then propose a new multivariate normality test for spatial data by accounting for the spatial dependence. The new test utilises the union‐intersection principle to decompose the null hypothesis into intersections of univariate normality hypotheses for projection data, and it rejects the multivariate normality if any individual hypothesis is rejected. The individual hypotheses for univariate normality are conducted using a Jarque–Bera type test statistic that accounts for the spatial dependence in the data. We also show in simulation studies that the new test has a good control of the type I error and a high empirical power, especially for large sample sizes. We further illustrate our test on bivariate wind data over the Arabian Peninsula.
Decolonising critical information systems research: A subaltern approach
Authors: Masiero Silvia
Published: July 2022

Theories used in the Information Systems (IS) field come in large majority from authors based in Western countries, a bias that holds for critical theories as well. Such a bias is made more problematic by the mandate of critical theory, which is meant exactly to illuminate the oppressive conditions of the status quo. Against this backdrop, this paper explores the subalternity theory approach – developed by the Subaltern Studies collective from the early 1980s – as an indigenous theory that, proposing a socially and geographically connotated narration of ‘history from below’, can play a major role in the effort to decolonise critical IS research. By positioning subaltern theory in the IS field, the paper offers an alternative to the Western hegemony of critical theories, exploring the potential of such an alternative to voice systematically silenced and marginalised perspectives.
A non‐randomised pragmatic trial for the early detection and prevention of surgical wound complications using an advanced hydropolymer wound dressing and smartphone technology: The EDISON trial protocol
Authors: Sandy‐Hodgetts Kylie , Norman Richard , Edmondston Stephen , Haywood Zaheerah , Davies Leigh , Hulsdunk Katrina , Barlow Jessica , Yates Piers
Published: July 2022

Total hip or knee arthroplasty is a highly effective intervention for treating the symptoms of degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis (OA), often an unwelcome consequence of obesity. A safe and common surgical procedure, hip and knee arthroplasty procedures are not immune to the occurrence of postoperative complications such as surgical site infection (SSI) or surgical wound dehiscence (SWD). While published rates of SSI following hip or knee arthroplasty are low, 1% to 2% in some cases, it is the resulting wound complication and its clinical management and the impact on patient well‐being and return to daily life for the 1% to 2% that is of concern. Postoperative complications such as SSI are a major cost driver to the health care system following arthroplasty and often result in extended lengths of stay, readmission for further surgery, primary and community nursing visits, and are a costly burden to health care settings. Early identification of a wound complication through post‐discharge surveillance using a fully transparent dressing and smartphone technology and patient education may ameliorate contributing factors or reduce the likelihood of a complication occurring in the first instance. This clinical trial is a non‐randomised pragmatic convenience sample carried out in 200 participants of both sexes receiving either a TKA or THA. There will be equal allocation to two groups (100 hips and 100 knees), with 50 in each allocation receiving the interventional dressing and 50 as control. The dressing will be applied prior to discharge and participants will be provided with education on postoperative wound care, when to contact home care nursing for a potential wound problem, and use of their smartphone to capture and send images of their incision site to the study nurses. Participants will also be followed up by home care nursing services at day 14 for suture removal and wound assessment. Participants will complete a patient‐reported outcomes survey on day 14 and followed up on day 30 after surgery for wound assessment. The results of this trial may provide a novel pathway using a fully transparent dressing and digital technologies for the prevention of acute readmissions because of wound complications through early detection and intervention.
Comparative effectiveness of oral antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the prevention of postoperative infections in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Linxia , Song Meixuan , Jiang Yifan , Li Xianrong
Published: July 2022

Oral antibiotics (OAB), probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are reported to be effective for preventing postoperative infection following colorectal surgery, but the comparative effectiveness between them has not been studied. To compare these interventions through a network meta‐analysis. Ovid Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to January 1, 2022 without any language restriction. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, assessed risk of bias, and extracted information from the included randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was infection rate, and the secondary outcome was anastomotic leakage rate. 4322 records were retrieved after literature search, and 20 RCTs recruiting 3726 participants were finally included. The analysis showed that usual care (UC) + Synbiotics ranked the most effective treatment (SUCRA = 0.968), UC + OAB ranked the second (SUCRA = 0.797), and UC + IAB ranked the third (SUCRA = 0.678) for preventing postoperative infection rate, but only UC + OAB achieved statistical significance. UC + OAB was the most effective treatment (SUCRA = 0.927) for preventing anastomotic leakage rate. Our study confirmed that preoperative administration of OAB was associated with lower infection rate and anastomotic leakage rate than placebo and UC alone. However, the beneficial effect of probiotics and synbiotics should still be investigated by large‐scale randomised controlled trials.
Induction of alpha‐galactosidase in Penicillium ochrochloron by guar (Cyamopsis tetragonobola) gum
Authors: Dey PM , Patel S. , Brownleader MD
Published: July 2022

High yields of extracellular alpha‐galactosidase from fungal cultures were obtained by inducing enzyme production with guar gum (a galactomannan obtained from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonobola) as the sole carbon source. An alpha‐galactosidase was isolated from the culture medium of Penicillium ochrochloron culture and purified 867‐fold by CM‐cellulose and Sephacryl S‐200 column chromatography to apparent homogeneity. Gel‐filtration data revealed an M(r) of 57,500, which was in close agreement with SDS/PAGE M(r) estimation, for a single band, of 60,200. The alpha‐galactosidase activity is strictly dependent upon the pH and temperature of the incubation medium, being maximal at pH 4.5 and 55 degrees C respectively. This enzyme from P. ochrochloron was isolated and purified, devoid of beta‐mannanase activity, which cleaves the main beta‐mannan backbone of galactomannans and greatly diminishes its gel‐promoting capacity. The properties of purified guar‐gum‐induced alpha‐galactosidase activity in P. ochrochloron culture were evaluated in order to ascribe a possible application for alpha‐galactosidase in the controlled generation of an improved guar‐gum‐based gel promoter.
Synthesis, characterization, and thermoluminescence‐based high‐dose neutron and gamma dosimetry study of Al5BO9: Mn, Li nanophosphor
Authors: Sen Meghnath , Shukla Rakesh , Pathak Nimai , Ali Kawsar , Sathian Vilippalil , Tyagi Avesh K.
Published: July 2022

A near tissue equivalent (Zeff = 10.8) and wide bandgap (Eg = 5.95 eV) Al5BO9: Mn, Li nanophosphor was synthesized by facile gel‐combustion (GC) method, and structural characterizations were performed by XRD, infra‐red, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectra, diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectra, and PL studies. Thermoluminescence (TL) study of Al5BO9: Mn, Li revealed the dosimetry glow peak at 542 K, which was absent in undoped Al5BO9 indicating the importance of Mn dopant. The highest TL response was obtained for the lowest studied dopant concentration (0.1 mol% Mn) that was attributed to the concentration quenching phenomenon. The material is highly reusable with low fading (<10%) up to 110 days. TL response for both thermal neutron and gamma radiations showed excellent linearity within 5 × 109–3 × 1011 n/cm2 and 30–5000 Gy, respectively. These studies suggested promising potential of Al5BO9: Mn, Li nanophosphor in clinical neutron dosimetry and food irradiation dosimetry applications. Based on the variation of calcination temperature, strategy toward dual application, namely, radiation dosimeter and red‐light emitting phosphor of the material was established. For a better understanding of the TL process, various kinetic parameters like activation energy (E), order of kinetics (b), and frequency factor (s) were evaluated using different methodologies, and the results were found to be in good agreement.
Unveiling the true costs and societal impacts of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis in Europe
Authors: Augustin M. , Misery L. , von Kobyletzki L. , Armario‐Hita J.C. , Mealing S. , Redding M.
Published: July 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, auto‐immune condition that imposes a high burden on individuals, society, and the healthcare system. Approximately 4.4% of adults and up to 18.6% of children/adolescents have AD in Europe, with 20% of all cases accounting for moderate‐to‐severe forms. This form of the condition in adults results in annual societal costs across Europe of an estimated €30 billion; €15.2 billion related to missed workdays or reduced work productivity, €10.1 billion related to direct medical costs and €4.7 billion related to personal expenditure of patients/families. AD can also substantially impact physical, emotional, and social quality‐of‐life. Several studies have shown the debilitating itch‐scratch cycle is the main cause of the multifaceted burden, as it causes substantial sleep deprivation and stigmatisation due to the physical appearance of the skin, and confidence issues. These factors lead to psychosocial issues and can cumulate over time and prohibit patients reaching their ‘full life potential’. Despite this, many patients with the condition are undertreated, resulting in uncontrolled symptoms and a further strain placed on patients, society, and the economy. The authors of this White Paper comprise the European Atopic Dermatitis Working Group, which is a network of international specialists with expertise in dermatology and healthcare policy decisions. Their programme of action is focused on harnessing their expertise to build consensus, advance research, share knowledge, and ultimately seek to improve AD care outcomes through achieving long‐term symptom control. This White Paper presents a systematic evaluation of the overall financial and humanistic burden of moderate‐to‐severe AD and the current challenges that exist with AD care. It introduces recommendations for how, collaboratively, key stakeholders and policy makers can support improvements in AD management to achieve better disease control, thus reducing the costs and associated burden placed on individuals, society, and the economy.
Ixekizumab treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in a real‐world clinical setting
Authors: Demirel Öğüt Neslihan , Koç Yıldırım Sema , Erbağcı Ece , Hapa Fatma Aslı
Published: July 2022

Background

The efficacy and safety reports of ixekizumab for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis may vary between clinical trials and real‐world studies.

Aim

To analyze the real‐world data of ixekizumab therapy to evaluate its efficacy and safety and highlight the factors influencing the treatment response in the real‐world scenario.

Patients/Methods

Data of 82 adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis are included in this study. Psoriasis area severity index (PASI) 75/90/100 responses at 4, 16, 24, and 48 weeks were analyzed retrospectively from patient charts by examining demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, especially their previous biologic experience, obesity, and involvement of hard‐to‐treat areas.

Results

PASI75, PASI90, and PASI100 responses were achieved in 92.4%, 86.1%, and 26.6% patients at week 16 and maintained till week 48 in 92.3%, 86.5%, and 17.3% patients. PASI90 responses in obese patients were significantly lower than non‐obese patients at week 4 (33.3% vs. 69.6%, p = 0.042), but this difference was minimized by week 16 (82.4% vs. 90%, p = 0.405). PASI90 responses in biologic‐naive patients were significantly higher than biologic‐experienced patients at week 16 (p = 0.015). Involvement of hard‐to‐treat areas was negatively associated with PASI90 responses at week 16 (OR: 1591805.842; 95% CI: 1.223–2071404486740.201; p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Ixekizumab provides an effective and safe biologic treatment option to patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Obesity, though it affects the early treatment response (till week 4), does not upset the overall treatment response beyond week 16. Previous biologic exposure and involvement of hard‐to‐treat areas are important prognostic factors for achieving high PASI responses in psoriatic patients.
Characteristics of hair loss after COVID‐19: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Czech Torrey , Sugihara Satoru , Nishimura Yoshito
Published: July 2022

Objective

While there are literature reporting increased incidence of hair loss in COVID‐19 patients, insufficient evidence exists on the topic to date. This review aims to identify the existing evidence and clinical characteristics of hair loss with COVID‐19 infection.

Methods

Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer‐reviewed articles with relevant keywords including “Alopecia,” “Telogen Effluvium (TE),” and “COVID‐19” from their inception to November 20, 2021.

Results

A total of 26 articles, with 9 observational studies and 17 case reports or series (a total of 58 cases), were included. Most studies dealt with TE. There were no clear trends between COVID‐19 severity and the extent of hair loss. Analysis of the 58 cases also found similar results with most of the cases being female (82.8%), the median onset of hair loss of 2.0 months, and the median time to recovery of hair loss of 5.0 months with a resolution rate of 95%.

Conclusion

While this systematic review revealed uncertainty and a lack of strong evidence regarding the association of COVID‐19 and hair loss, hair loss in COVID‐19 may mainly include TE and be reversible in nature. Future studies are warranted to determine the detailed pathophysiology and risk factors of hair loss in COVID‐19, including possible roles of estrogen, progesterone, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Nurse coordinator of care as a facilitator of integration processes in palliative care
Authors: Vočanec Dorja , Lončarek Karmen , Sović Slavica , Džakula Aleksandar
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives

This paper investigates the feasibility and the perception of the nurse's role as the palliative care coordinator.

Background

Integrated care is a global imperative in all healthcare improvement processes. Due to Andrija Štampar's success in the organisation of public health services, Croatia today has more than hundred years of experience in care integration. The palliative care system has been continuously developing since 2014 as an integrated care model, with nurses as care coordinators.

Methods

The study used a mixed methodology based on pragmatic research principles, including an analysis of strategic and policy documents and reports, and thematic analysis of focus group conducted with palliative care coordinators, following COREQ checklist.

Results

Although a legal, professional and financial regulation of nurse coordinators has been achieved, a number of implementation challenges remain. These challenges arise as a result of long‐term fragmentation of the health and social care, and can be found in both horizontal and vertical integration of care, that is in the dimensions of functional, clinical, cultural and social integration.

Conclusions

Nurses play a central role in care coordination. Coordination and integration promote professionalisation with clear roles and tasks. However, even with the legal, professional and financial implementation of the nurse coordinator model, it has to be further promoted as an equally important job in the healthcare system, with nurses as competent professionals in charge of care coordination.

Relevance to clinical practice

Palliative care provides a range of individualised, coordinated services that meet the medical and non‐medical needs of seriously ill patients. Described model of palliative care in Croatia is particularly important because it was developed as an integrated part of health care (and partly social welfare) system, indicating with the nurse's role as palliative care coordinator that coordination is a continuous process that requires a dedicated professional role.
Cyberchondria levels in women with human papilloma virus
Authors: Turhan Cakir Anil
Published: July 2022

Aim

To investigate the level of cyberchondria in patients with high‐risk human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity.

Methods

One hundred and forty women who applied to our clinic between July 2020 and September 2020 and were diagnosed with high‐risk HPV positivity or abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) were included in the study. The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS) was administered face‐to‐face to the participants. CSS and subscales scores of both groups of patients were evaluated and compared.

Results

The mean score of the patients on the CSS was 78.54 ± 22.09 and the patients with AUB and HPV(+) was 67.43 ± 19.87 and 84.16 ± 21.08, respectively. The mean subscale scores were as follows, compulsion 13.89 ± 6.49, distress 20.07 ± 7.54, excessiveness 22.40 ± 8.18, reassurance 15.07 ± 6.56, and mistrust of medical professionals 7.26 ± 3.62. The mean scores of the CSS and subscales except for the mistrust of medical professional subscale were higher in patients who were HPV‐positive than in other patients.

Conclusions

Women with HPV have higher levels of cyberchondria. Medical professionals can reduce this anxiety by giving information to patients.
Longitudinal Change in Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Symptoms from before to during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Barendse Marjolein E.A. , Flannery Jessica , Cavanagh Caitlin , Aristizabal Melissa , Becker Stephen P. , Berger Estelle , Breaux Rosanna , Campione‐Barr Nicole , Church Jessica A. , Crone Eveline A. , Dahl Ronald E. , Dennis‐Tiwary Tracy A. , Dvorsky Melissa R. , Dziura Sarah L. , van de Groep Suzanne , Ho Tiffany C. , Killoren Sarah E. , Langberg Joshua M. , Larguinho Tyler L. , Magis‐Weinberg Lucía , Michalska Kalina J. , Mullins Jordan L. , Nadel Hanna , Porter Blaire M. , Prinstein Mitchell J. , Redcay Elizabeth , Rose Amanda J. , Rote Wendy M. , Roy Amy K. , Sweijen Sophie W. , Telzer Eva H. , Teresi Giana I. , Thomas April Gile , Pfeifer Jennifer H.
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to examine changes in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the first 6 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in a sample of 1,339 adolescents (9–18 years old, 59% female) from three countries. We also examined if age, race/ethnicity, disease burden, or strictness of government restrictions moderated change in symptoms. Data from 12 longitudinal studies (10 U.S., 1 Netherlands, 1 Peru) were combined. Linear mixed effect models showed that depression, but not anxiety, symptoms increased significantly (median increase = 28%). The most negative mental health impacts were reported by multiracial adolescents and those under ‘lockdown’ restrictions. Policy makers need to consider these impacts by investing in ways to support adolescents’ mental health during the pandemic.
The cannabinoid receptors system in horses: Tissue distribution and cellular identification in skin
Authors: Kupczyk Piotr , Rykala Marta , Serek Pawel , Pawlak Aleksandra , Slowikowski Bartosz , Holysz Marcin , Chodaczek Grzegorz , Madej Jan P. , Ziolkowski Piotr , Niedzwiedz Artur
Published: July 2022

Background

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CBR1) and type 2 (CBR2), cannabinoid‐based ligands (endogenous chemically synthesized phytocannabinoids), and endogenous enzymes controlling their concentrations. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have been identified in invertebrates and in almost all vertebrate species in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in immune cells, where they control neuroimmune homeostasis. In humans, rodents, dogs, and cats, CBRs expression has been confirmed in the skin, and their expression and tissue distribution become disordered in pathological conditions. Cannabinoid receptors may be a possible therapeutic target in skin diseases.

Objectives

To characterize the distribution and cellular expression of CBRs in the skin of horses under normal conditions.

Animals

Fifteen healthy horses.

Methods

Using full‐thickness skin punch biopsy samples, skin‐derived primary epidermal keratinocytes and dermal‐derived cells, we performed analysis of Cnr1 and Cnr2 genes using real‐time PCR and CBR1 and CBR2 protein expression by confocal microscopy and Western blotting.

Results

Normal equine skin, including equine epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast‐like cells, all exhibited constant gene and protein expression of CBRs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Our results represent a starting point for developing and translating new veterinary medicine‐based pharmacotherapies using ECS as a possible target.
Evaluation of anti‐tick efficiency in rabbits induced by DNA vaccines encoding Haemaphysalis longicornis lipocalin homologue
Authors: Fan Xiang‐Yuan , Xu Xiao‐Can , Wu Ya‐Xue , Liu Xiao‐Ya , Yang Feng , Hu Yong‐Hong
Published: July 2022

Haemaphysalis longicornis is an obligate haematophagous ectoparasite, transmitting a variety of pathogens, which brings great damage to human health and animal husbandry development. Lipocalins (LIP) are a family of proteins that transport small hydrophobic molecules and also involve in immune regulation, such as the regulation of cell homeostasis, inhibiting the host's inflammatory response and resisting the contractile responses in host blood vessels. Therefore, it is one of the candidate antigens for vaccines. Based on previous studies, we constructed the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP of LIP homologue from H. longicornis (HlLIP). ELISA results showed that rabbits immunized with pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP produced higher anti‐rHlLIP antibody levels compared with the pcDNA3.1 group, indicating that pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP induced the humoral immune response of host. Adult H. longicornis infestation trial in rabbits demonstrated that the engorgement weight, oviposition and hatchability of H. longicornis fed on rabbits immunized with pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP decreased by 7.07%, 14.30% and 11.70% respectively, compared with that of the pcDNA3.1 group. In brief, DNA vaccine of pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP provided immune protection efficiency of 30% in rabbits. This study demonstrated that pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP can partially protect rabbits against H. longicornis, and it is possible to develop a new candidate antigen against ticks.
Copper microRNAs modulate the formation of giant feeding cells induced by the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Noureddine Yara , Mejias Joffrey , da Rocha Martine , Thomine Sébastien , Quentin Michaël , Abad Pierre , Favery Bruno , Jaubert‐Possamai Stéphanie
Published: July 2022

Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs) are root endoparasites that induce the dedifferentiation of a few root cells and the reprogramming of their gene expression to generate giant hypermetabolic feeding cells.

We identified two microRNA families, miR408 and miR398, as upregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum roots infected by RKNs. In plants, the expression of these two conserved microRNA families is known to be activated by the SPL7 transcription factor in response to copper starvation.

By combining functional approaches, we deciphered the network involving these microRNAs, their regulator and their targets. MIR408 expression was located within nematode‐induced feeding cells like its regulator SPL7 and was regulated by copper. Moreover, infection assays with mir408 and spl7 knockout mutants or lines expressing targets rendered resistant to cleavage by miR398 demonstrated the essential role of the SPL7/MIR408/MIR398 module in the formation of giant feeding cells.

Our findings reveal how perturbation of plant copper homeostasis, via the SPL7/MIR408/MIR398 module, modulates the development of nematode‐induced feeding cells.
Short‐term tear film stability, optical quality and visual performance in two dual‐focus contact lenses for myopia control with different optical designs
Authors: García‐Marqués José Vicente , Macedo‐De‐Araújo Rute Juliana , McAlinden Colm , Faria‐Ribeiro Miguel , Cerviño Alejandro , González‐Méijome José Manuel
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To assess and compare short‐term visual and optical quality and tear film stability between two dual‐focus (DF) prototype myopia control contact lenses (CLs) having different inner zone diameters.

Methods

Twenty‐eight myopic subjects were included in this randomised, double‐masked crossover study. Refraction, best‐corrected visual acuity (VA) and tear film stability were measured at baseline (i.e., when uncorrected). Subjects were then binocularly fitted with the DF CLs, with only the sensorial dominant eye being assessed. Lenses were of the same material and had inner zone diameters of either 2.1 mm (S design) or 4.0 mm (M design). Visual and physical short‐term lens comfort, over‐refraction, best‐corrected VA, stereopsis at 40 cm, best‐corrected photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS), size and shape of light disturbance (LD), wavefront aberrations, subjective quality of vision (QoV Questionnaire) and tear film stability were measured for each lens.

Results

Both CL designs decreased tear film stability compared with baseline (p < 0.05). VA and photopic CS were within normal values for the subjects' age with each CL. When comparing lenses, the M design promoted better photopic CS for the 18 cycles per degree spatial frequency (p < 0.001) and better LD (p < 0.02). However, higher‐order aberrations were improved with the S design (p = 0.02). No significant difference between the two CLs was found for QoV scores and tear film stability.

Conclusions

Both DF CLs provided acceptable visual performance under photopic conditions. The 4.0 mm inner zone gave better contrast sensitivity at high frequencies and lower light disturbance, while the 2.1 mm central diameter induced fewer higher‐order aberrations for a 5 mm pupil diameter. Both CLs produced the same subjective visual short‐term lens comfort.
Government subsidy policy for green and efficient raw materials considering farmer heterogeneity
Authors: Guo Xiaolong , Cheng Lihong , Yu Yugang
Published: July 2022

To protect soil quality for sustainable development and raise farmers' incomes, agricultural firms are increasingly developing green and efficient raw materials (GRMs) that can improve crop yields and reduce soil damage compared to TRMs. However, farmers have heterogeneity in both the trust in agricultural information and sustainable development attitudes, leading to underestimation of the value of GRMs. This paper explores the optimal subsidy policy of the government to promote GRMs considering the effect of farmer heterogeneity using a government‐firm‐farmer Stackelberg game. Our analysis reveals that the government should subsidize both farmers and the GRM firm when the GRMs' effectiveness is not high enough; otherwise, it is more effective to subsidize farmers but not the GRM firm. Such a government subsidy policy can bring a win–win–win outcome for farmers, the GRM firm, and social welfare under certain conditions. Although higher farmers' trust in agricultural information or sustainable development attitudes can increase their subjective willingness to adopt GRMs, counterintuitively, the total farmer surplus will decrease because in this situation: (1) the government will reduce the subsidy to farmers or (2) the GRM firm will increase the GRM price. In addition, compared with considering two‐dimensional heterogeneity of farmers, considering only one‐dimensional heterogeneity or no heterogeneity of farmers will cause the government subsidy to deviate from the goal of promoting GRMs, resulting in a 59.3% reduction in GRM market demand, a 17.3% decrease in the profit of GRM firm, and possibly even making the GRM firm “die out.”
Novel immunosuppressive effect of FK506 by upregulation of PD‐L1 via FKBP51 in heart transplantation
Authors: Luo Xuewei , Du Guicheng , Chen Bingye , Yan Guoliang , Zhu Luyao , Cui Pengcheng , Dai Helong , Qi Zhongquan , Lan Tianshu
Published: July 2022

The calcineurin inhibitor–FK506–is a first‐line immunosuppressant that regulates T cell secretion of IL‐2 and other cytokines. However, the mechanism of its protective effect on target cells and its role on tumour recurrence and interaction with anti‐tumour immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD‐L1 blocking, are still unclear. Here, in a murine heart transplantation model, we observed the upregulation of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression by FK506 in both dendritic cells (DCs) and allografts. Blocking PD‐L1 during FK506 treatment increased IFN‐γ and TNF‐α expression, enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, and suppressed Treg differentiation. Moreover, PD‐L1 decreased T cell infiltration and induced T cell apoptosis in both the spleen and graft. PD‐L1 was not only required in FK506‐mediated immunosuppression but also upregulated by FK506. Treatment with SAFit2, a FKBP51 selective inhibitor, reduced the expression of PD‐L1 on DCs and the grafts and interfered with the immunosuppressive effect of FK506, suggesting that the mechanism depends on FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) 51 expression. Overall, our results add new insights into the role of FK506, not only on T cell cytokine secretion but also on co‐inhibitory molecular regulation and target cell immune privilege.
Earliest record of fossil insect oothecae confirms the presence of crown‐dictyopteran taxa in the Late Triassic
Authors: Cariglino Bárbara , Lara María Belén , Zavattieri Ana María
Published: July 2022

Although dissimilar in their overall appearance and life habits, the praying mantises (Mantodea) and cockroaches (Blattodea, including their eusocial relatives, the termites [Isoptera]) are grouped within the clade Dictyoptera, based on – among other significant characteristics – the laying of eggs in a compound structure called an ootheca. The origin of the Dictyoptera and the currently recognized taxa within is, however, a controversial topic among entomologists. This has resulted from disparities in the divergence age estimates obtained from phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data together with the limited and controversial fossil evidence attributable to these groups. Here, we report two new oothecae ichnospecies found in a Carnian (237 to 227 mya. lowermost Upper Triassic) deposit from Argentina. Morphological comparisons and Scanning Electron Microscope and X‐ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses of fossil and extant oothecae of mantises and cockroaches were performed in an attempt to solve their systematic placement within Dictyoptera and fossil allies, such as †Alienoptera. In addition to being the earliest known record of oothecae, this discovery moves the origin of this specialized reproductive strategy back by 100 million years. As direct fossil evidence, these specimens provide an important calibration and reference point that can inform future research on the origins and timing of diversification of the Dictyoptera.
Higher risk for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) in HLA‐G mismatched transplants following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective study
Authors: Neuchel Christine , Gowdavally Sowmya , Tsamadou Chrysanthi , Platzbecker Uwe , Sala Elisa , Wagner‐Drouet Eva , Valerius Thomas , Kröger Nicolaus , Wulf Gerald , Einsele Hermann , Thurner Lorenz , Schaefer‐Eckart Kerstin , Freitag Sebastian , Casper Jochen , Dürholt Mareike , Kaufmann Martin , Hertenstein Bernd , Klein Stefan , Ringhoffer Mark , Frank Sandra , Amann Elisa Maria , Rode Immanuel , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Mytilineos Joannis , Fürst Daniel
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) and is highly influenced by the degree of HLA matching between recipient and donor. The HLA‐class Ib molecule HLA‐G has been shown to promote tolerogenicity through its interaction with inhibitory receptors found on several immunocompetent cells. We hypothesized that in an allo‐HSCT setting, HLA‐G mismatches may negatively impact the HLA‐G‐mediated tolerogenicity either due to inefficient interaction with the inhibitory receptors of the transplanted immune cells or due to direct allorecognition of mismatched HLA‐G on host cells by the immune cells of the donor.

Methods

In order to explore this hypothesis, we investigated the impact of HLA‐G mismatching in 2.083 10/10 matched high resolution HLA‐typed allo‐HSCT transplants.

Results

We found that the risk of chronic GvHD was significantly higher in HLA‐G‐mismatched transplant cases as compared with the HLA‐G‐matched control group (HR: 1.46, 95%CI = 1.11–1.91, p = 0.006). Sub‐analysis of the mismatch vector revealed that this effect was only detectable in the GvH (HR: 1.89, 95%CI 1.39–2.57, p < 0.001) but not the HvG direction (HR: 1.01, 95%CI = 0.63–1.63, p = 0.967). In addition, the negative impact of HLA‐G mismatching on chronic GvHD was only significant in younger patients (<30y HR: 3.02, 95%CI = 1.25–7.28, p = 0.014; >29y HR: 1.28, 95%CI = 0.94–1.72, p = 0.113).

Discussion

Our results indicate that HLA‐G mismatches may contribute to the onset of chronic GvHD, especially in younger patients and should therefore be avoided when possible.
Late Cretaceous geodynamics of the Palaeo‐Pacific plate inferred from basin inversion structures in the Songliao Basin (NE China)
Authors: Qiu Liang , Yan Dan‐Ping , Ma Hongbin , Sun Shouheng , Deng Hongling , Zhou Zhicheng , Zhu Jichang , Zhang Qihui , Shi Haitao , Wang Xin
Published: July 2022

Reconstructing the process of plate subduction is challenging, but clues can be found in sedimentary basins and the nature of deformation of the overriding plate. Here we analyse a seismic‐reflection dataset that indicates tectonic inversion in the southwestern Songliao basin, NE China, to construct the geodynamics of Palaeo‐Pacific plate. The study area consists of Lower Cretaceous rift sediments that were cut by normal faults, folded, and subsequently overlain by undeformed Upper Cretaceous strata, revealing a process of basin inversion. The timing of inversion is constrained to the interval between deposition of the Lower and Upper Cretaceous sediments (i.e. 87–71 Ma). Mud volcanoes and similar structures associated with inversion are observed in basins throughout the region. The change from tectonic extension to shortening in the overriding plate is recorded by sedimentation and inversion of the basins, and was triggered by an increase in the rate of motion of the subducting Palaeo‐Pacific plate.