bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resonant collisions among diverse solitary waves of the (2 + 1)-dimensional asymmetrical Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation
Authors: Jiang Lin , Li Xin , Li Biao
Published: September 2022

According to N-soliton solutions generated by the Hirota’s bilinear method, the resonant collisions among diverse solitary waves can be obtained when the phase shifts of involved solitary waves tend to infinity. Under this constraint, the resonant collisions among a lump and dark line solitons can be derived from that of a breather and dark line solitons by means of an ingenious limiting approach. This paper takes the

2
+
1

-dimensional asymmetrical Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation as an example to introduce how to utilize this constraint to derive the resonant collisions among different solitary waves containing breather, lump and dark line solitons in detail. At the same time, the dynamic behaviors of the interacting waveforms are exhibited visually by some figures which include intriguing phenomena. And the characteristics and properties of these interacting waveforms are discussed. In terms of feasibility and practicability, the procedures of analysis in this paper can be exploited widely to study resonant collisions of different waveforms in other integrable systems. The results obtained would enhance the completeness of nonlinear localized wave theory.
Updating non-standard neutrinos properties with Planck-CMB data and full-shape analysis of BOSS and eBOSS galaxies
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Nunes Rafael C. , Yadav Priya
Published: September 2022

Using the latest observational data from Planck-CMB and its combination with the pre-reconstructed full-shape (FS) galaxy power spectrum measurements from the BOSS DR12 sample and eBOSS LRG DR16 sample, we report the observational constraints on the cosmic neutrino properties given by the extended ΛCDM scenario: ΛCDM +Neff+ ∑mν+c2eff+c2vis+ξν, and its particular case ΛCDM +c2eff+c2vis+ξν, whereNeff, ∑mν,c2eff,c2vis,ξνare the effective number of species, the total neutrino mass, the sound speed in the neutrinos rest frame, the viscosity parameter and the degeneracy parameter quantifying a cosmological leptonic asymmetry, respectively. We observe that the combination of FS power spectrum measurements with the CMB data significantly improves the parametric space of the models compared to the CMB data alone case. We find no evidence for neutrinos properties other than the ones predicted by the standard cosmological theory. Our most robust observational constraints are given by CMB + BOSS analysis. For the generalized extended ΛCDM scenario, we findc2eff= 0.3304+0.0064-0.0075,c2vis= 0.301+0.037-0.033,ξν< 0.05,Neff= 2.90 ± 0.15 at 68% CL, with ∑mν< 0.116 eV at 95% CL. These are the strongest limits ever reported for these extended ΛCDM scenarios.
Deep learning for neural decoding in motor cortex
Authors: Liu Fangyu , Meamardoost Saber , Gunawan Rudiyanto , Komiyama Takaki , Mewes Claudia , Zhang Ying , Hwang EunJung , Wang Linbing
Published: September 2022

Objective. Neural decoding is an important tool in neural engineering and neural data analysis. Of various machine learning algorithms adopted for neural decoding, the recently introduced deep learning is promising to excel. Therefore, we sought to apply deep learning to decode movement trajectories from the activity of motor cortical neurons. Approach. In this paper, we assessed the performance of deep learning methods in three different decoding schemes, concurrent, time-delay, and spatiotemporal. In the concurrent decoding scheme where the input to the network is the neural activity coincidental to the movement, deep learning networks including artificial neural network (ANN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) were applied to decode movement and compared with traditional machine learning algorithms. Both ANN and LSTM were further evaluated in the time-delay decoding scheme in which temporal delays are allowed between neural signals and movements. Lastly, in the spatiotemporal decoding scheme, we trained convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract movement information from images representing the spatial arrangement of neurons, their activity, and connectomes (i.e. the relative strengths of connectivity between neurons) and combined CNN and ANN to develop a hybrid spatiotemporal network. To reveal the input features of the CNN in the hybrid network that deep learning discovered for movement decoding, we performed a sensitivity analysis and identified specific regions in the spatial domain. Main results. Deep learning networks (ANN and LSTM) outperformed traditional machine learning algorithms in the concurrent decoding scheme. The results of ANN and LSTM in the time-delay decoding scheme showed that including neural data from time points preceding movement enabled decoders to perform more robustly when the temporal relationship between the neural activity and movement dynamically changes over time. In the spatiotemporal decoding scheme, the hybrid spatiotemporal network containing the concurrent ANN decoder outperformed single-network concurrent decoders. Significance. Taken together, our study demonstrates that deep learning could become a robust and effective method for the neural decoding of behavior.
Neoclassical transport due to resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D
Authors: Sinha Priyanjana , Ferraro Nathaniel M. , Belli Emily
Published: September 2022

The role of neoclassical physics in the particle and energy transport during the application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) to suppress the edge localised modes in a tokamak is analysed. The neoclassical fluxes in non-axisymmetric DIII-D equilibria with applied RMPs are calculated using the NEO code. The magnetic field provided to NEO as an input is calculated using M3D-C1 and includes the nonlinear one-fluid plasma response. Neoclassical fluxes obtained in this study are found to dramatically increase in the presence of applied RMPs, and are in same range as the total radial particle fluxes calculated in comparable RMP discharges in DIII-D [1]. This suggests that neoclassical transport plays a significant role in edge transport when RMPs are present. An increase in neoclassical fluxes during the edge-localized mode suppressed phase in DIII-D plasmas is calculated and is strongly correlated with the observation of density pump-out in the experiment.
Case Study of Ship Traffic Crowds in The Malacca Strait-Singapore by Using Vessel Traffic System
Authors: Nofandi F , Widyaningsih U , Rakhman R A , Mirianto A , Zuhri Z , Harini N V
Published: September 2022

The Malacca Strait as one of the main routes of world trade has the potential for the emergence of transnational crime. The strategic location of the Malacca Strait makes it fragile and vulnerable to piracy practices. The occurrence of this piracy has the potential to disrupt shipping lane traffic so that shipping safety is threatened and causes substantial losses for ship owners. But it is not only piracy that causes considerable losses, there is other factor that are also very influential besides piracy, namely accidents. One of the causes of accidents is the flow of ship traffic that is too crowded and is not immediately addressed. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the safety of ship traffic, one of which can be by increasing the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS). Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) serves to help provide reports on navigational and meteorological information for ships crossing a water. If the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is implemented and improved in the Malacca Strait, it is hoped that accidents and piracy can be minimized. This study aims to analyze the traffic congestion of ships in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore to optimize maritime security and safety and improve the Vessel Traffic System (VTS) in these straits. From the results of the analysis obtained data in the Strait of Malacca-Singapore there is an average trend of increasing the volume of ship traffic every year by 2% and has the potential to cause a lot of ship traffic. This data is very useful in order to improve the Vessel Traffic System (VTS) in the Malacca-Singapore Strait so that this traffic jam can be overcome.
Ship to Ship Manoeuvring Simulation to Determine Elements of Tugboat Handling
Authors: Putu Sindhu Asmara I , Husodo Adi Wirawan
Published: September 2022

The berthing and unberthing process of a shuttle tanker on the FSO unit has its difficulties if the FSO unit is between several mooring lines. This is an early study to simulate the berthing and unberthing of a 5000 DWT shuttle tanker at the FSO unit without going through the mooring ropes and still comply with the requirements of PIANC berthing speed. The manoeuvring simulation was based on a mathematical manoeuvring group model that used the effects of the propeller and rudder. The model simulated the percentage and direction of force and moment of tugboats to perform the manoeuvring properly. The model assumed the environmental disturbances of wind, current, and wave as the constant values and applied three scenarios of the current direction. As a case study, the berthing and unberthing manoeuvre of a 50000 DWT export tanker need two tugboats with the capacity of at least 2x42 tons bollard pull, exceptional for unberthing in scenario-2.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Bilge Keels Position as Roll Damping Devices on the Resistance of LCU Vessels
Authors: Sumarsono  , Cahyono Beny , Erwandi  , Ali B. , Baidowi A.
Published: September 2022

Landing Craft Utility (LCU) is one type of ship whose role is to transport combat equipment vehicles and amphibious troops to make landings on the beach. On the ship, bilge keels were installed. However, the installation of bilge keels on the surface of the ship’s hull will add resistance to the ship’s speed. To find out the effect of placing bilge keels on the additional ship speed resistance, a towing test experiment was carried out in the towing tank using the LCU ship model. Two bilge keels were manufactured in 4 (four) different positions, called A, B, C, and D positions. From the results of the study, it is known that the average value of the addition to the total resistance is; at A position there is an increase in ship speed resistance of 3.22%, at B position by 3.36%, at C position by 2.67%, and at D position by 1.83% of the total resistance in bare hull conditions. The results of this study indicate that the placement of bilge keels with the same shape and dimensions can add to different total resistances.
Planning an on-grid solar energy generation system for the Dwimatama pier at Tanjung Emas port
Authors: Arsalan M R , Sarwito S , Koenhardono E S
Published: September 2022

Global warming is the gradual increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere caused by increasing levels of pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide. Natural characteristics are expected to change as the earth’s surface temperature rises. By 2025, Indonesia’s renewable energy use is expected to reach 23%. (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2021). Existing critical sectors such as transportation and freight forwarding are being examined. For instance, vessels can reduce their carbon footprint by connecting to shore-connection facilities powering renewable energy sources in ports. The case study is the Dwimatama pier in Semarang’s Tanjung Eams port. The city of Semarang receives approximately six hours of sunlight per day. The solar power plant could serve as a source of electrical energy in this region. The results of this study indicate that to generate electrical energy from 1 MWp of solar radiation, a panel area of approximately 1 hectare is required for a solar panel with a 20% efficiency.
Risk Assessment of Ship Collision on FSO Abherka and Oil Spill Modelling Due to Structural Damage
Authors: Sukma Rafiuddin Adyaksa , Handani Dhimas Widhi , Nugroho Taufik Fajar , Tyasayumranani Widiastuti
Published: September 2022

Floating storage and offloading (FSO) is an important vessel in offshore as shuttle storage of crude oil before it will transfer to the onshore facility located near the drilling platform. One of the locations that use FSO is Poleng Field in West Madura Offshore by operating FSO Abherka. Poleng field is supplying for two regions in Java and Kalimantan, it can affect the energy supply of the regions if there is an accident. The possible accident is a ship collision with FSO Abherka in addition the location is near Surabaya West Access Channel (SWAC). It is necessary to conduct a risk assessment of ship collisions on FSO Abherka and a consequences analysis of oil spills due to structural damage. Calculating ship collision frequency using CRASH method using two traffic scenarios found the result of ship collision frequency for external and internal powered collision: 4,20E-03 and 1,28E-03, and external and internal drifting collision: 4,51E-03 and 4,01E-03. Consequences of Collision simulation is conducted in three variations of collision scenario and impacting to the hull damage. Total asset & equipment loss due to collision in various degree of 30°, 60°, and 60° as follows: $23.462.196,03, $23.666.532,98, and $23.921.683,88. Those total asset & equipment loss and environmental impact from the oil spill is on the category of unacceptable. Applying a traffic monitoring system is effective to reduce the frequencies by about 71-93%.
Stability Assessments of RoPax Open Car Deck on Longitudinal Wave
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin , Zubaydi Achmad , Aryawan Wasis Dwi
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses RoPax Open Car Deck (OCD) without side casings (wing tanks) on longitudinal wave water. The purpose is to know the critical intact stability of RoPax OCD on the longitudinal wave so that the other ship can avoid the condition. A case study takes a RoPax OCD, which capsized on Halmahera seawater. The stability calculation uses the energy balance method on calm water and longitudinal waves with various amplitude, phases, and lengths of waves. Survival stability assessments use the lever righting arm (GZ) of intact stability criteria IMO (IS Code 2008). Results show RoPax OCD full load on calm water has failed to fulfil several of the stability criteria of IS Code 2008, especially on area 30°-40° of GZ curve 1.221 meter-degree ≤ 1.7189 meter-degree, and GZ maximum 15° ≤ 25°. Hogging and sagging waves reduce the GZ height compared to calm water, but the length of the GZ range on calm water increases 0°~29° increase becomes 0°~32° on the sagging wave and decreases 0°~13° on the hogging wave. With varying wave phases 0-0.8, the highest GZ curve occurs in phase 0.2, and the lowest GZ curve occurs in phase 0.6. With varying wavelength, 10-50 meter, shows highest GZ curve occur on wavelength 10 m, and the lowest GZ curve occurs on wavelength 40 m, the same as the ship length (Lpp). All GZ stability curves have positive values, but the longitudinal wave reduces the GZ heigh and causes the water to ingress onto the car deck. Hence, the effect on the water-free surface influences ship capsizes. The authors suggest that RoPax with opened car deck without side casings should not be operated in the open sea or the strait bordered by the open sea to avoid the same accident.
Analysis of Self-propulsion Test for Propeller KP-505 with and without Pre-Swirl Stator
Authors: Agastiya Bayu , Made Ariana I , Baidowi Achmad
Published: September 2022

In recent times, environmental issues have become a major concern. The installation of Energy Saving Device (ESD) on ships is an alternative method developed to reduce energy use. One type of ESD that is widely used is the installation of a Pre-Swirl Stator (PSS). PSS consists of stator blades mounted in front of the propeller to regulate flow before entering the propeller. This paper describes the effect of PSS installation on the hull of a KP-505 propeller. The asymmetrical PSS design was developed with three blades on the port side and one on the starboard side. The analysis was carried out to obtain the Propulsive Coefficient (PC). The research was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)-based simulation. The simulation results show that the addition of PSS increases the ship’s resistance up to 4%. However, the PC has also increased significantly up to 10.3, so it can reduce power requirements by up to 5.6%.
Experimental and numerical studies on the influence of centrifugal casting parameters on the solidification structure of Al-Cu alloy
Authors: Lv Shengkun , Dou Ruifeng , Yu Bo , Wang Junsheng , Liu Xunliang , Wen Zhi
Published: September 2022

A horizontal centrifugal casting experiment was designed to determine the change in the solidification structure of Al-Cu alloy casting and the underlying variation in temperature, then obtained interface heat transfer coefficient by inverse calculation. The continuous simulation of metal melt filling from the gate to copper mold cavity is realized. The influence of centrifugal speed, pouring temperature, and mold preheating temperature on the solidified structure was analyzed. Simulation results showed that increasing the centrifugal speed mainly enhance the solidification rate of the molten metal and then refined the solidified structure of the Al-Cu alloy. Increasing the pouring temperature and mold preheating temperatures coarsen the grain size of the casting, but the range of change is small.
“We bet on humans; you’re our horses”: the second phase of neo-poverty in South Korea as portrayed in Squid Game
Authors: Lee Sunah , Proffitt Jennifer M
Published: September 2022

This essay highlights the portrayals of three “new underdogs” in the hit television show, Squid Game: Sang-woo, Gi-hun, and the Front Man. We argue that these characters personify a new type of underdog, one that has internalized the ideologies inherent in neoliberal capitalism in Korea. The “winner takes all” system accelerated the polarization of wealth and inequality, which is in part the result of what scholars called “neo-poverty,” or the collapse of the middle class caused by the 1997 financial crisis. Neoliberalism was adopted to address neo-poverty, but rather than cure the crisis, it has ushered in a second phase of neo-poverty that is manifest in the underdogs’ narratives in Squid Game.
Linguistic Variation, Discourse Analysis, and Deaf Education: Case Studies from ISL
Authors: Cohen-Koka Shirit , Nir Bracha , Meir Irit
Published: September 2022

Variation in language has been acknowledged as central to the characterization of spoken and written discourse. Speakers’ ability to change and adjust language according to the communicative circumstances is a prominent factor that demonstrates their linguistic literacy and skill. Nonetheless, few studies have explored the characterization of discursively motivated variation in sign languages, and little is known about the topic. The purpose of the current study is to present features of variation in Israeli Sign Language as they appear in two discourse types—narrative versus expository texts. We present this aspect of linguistic literacy as it is expressed in two case studies of two adult signers in two domains: sign parameters and the use of signing space. The findings reveal a discourse type effect on the way that these aspects are expressed and highlight the importance of discourse and linguistic knowledge to educators of deaf students.
The Heroic Quest: Shadow-Journeys, Negative Journeys, and the Peril of the Call Unanswered in the Writing of G. Willow Wilson
Authors: Bodiat Aneesa
Published: September 2022

Undertaking a close reading of the narrative structures of G. Willow Wilson’s two fantasy novels, Alif the Unseen and The Bird King and her memoir, The Butterfly Mosque, I explore how Wilson exposes the shadow side of the heroic quest structure (in which the quest is not undertaken), especially as it relates to women’s heroic journeys. She does this by portraying unconventional heroines and exploring the negative quest, or the call to adventure unanswered. Wilson highlights the catastrophic consequences of refusing to embark on the heroic journey after the potential hero is summoned by the call to adventure. Wilson also reimagines Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey in order to create a path for alternative heroes and heroines to flourish. She deftly uses narrative structure to situate unconventional heroines within their own contexts, especially with relation to Muslim women (both those who choose to veil and those who do not). Finally, Wilson demonstrates that women can embark on the Hero’s Journey in both its original form and in a remapped version suited to their circumstances.
Association of anti-Ro seropositivity with cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances
Authors: Akuka Aviram , Ben-Shabat Niv , Watad Abdulla , Tsur Avishai M , Ehrenberg Scott , McGonagle Dennis , Comaneshter Doron , Beinart Roy , Cohen Arnon D , Amital Howard
Published: September 2022

Aims

Anti-Ro/La autoantibodies are especially prevalent in autoimmune diseases but are also relatively frequent in healthy adults. Their arrhythmogenic effect on the immature cardiac conductive system is well established, with substantial evidence demonstrating an increased risk for congenital atrioventricular block in neonates of seropositive mothers. Despite their wide distribution and their arrhythmogenic potential effect, there are no large population studies conducted in seropositive adults. Thus, this is the first large population-based study to examine the association of anti-Ro/La seropositivity with cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances.

Methods and results

This cross-sectional designed study involved the electronic health records of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel. All subjects that were tested positive for anti-Ro/anti-La antibodies between the years 2002 and 2019 were included and were matched by age, gender, and place of residence, with controls. Rates of different cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances were compared between groups. Sensitivity analyses were performed using propensity score matching. The study population included 17 231 anti-Ro/La seropositive subjects and 84 368 controls. Anti-Ro seropositive patients had higher rates of conduction disturbances (3.0 vs. 1.7%, P < 0.001) and rhythm disturbances (10.5 vs. 7.0%, P < 0.001). Patients who tested positive for anti-La alone did not demonstrate a significant association with arrhythmias. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for possible confounders, showed an increased risk for cardiac conduction disturbances [odds ratio (OR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.66, P < 0.001], as well as for cardiac rhythm disturbances (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11–1.31, P < 0.001) among anti-Ro seropositive patients. However, the association with rhythm disturbances was more robust in certain subgroup analyses.

Conclusions

Anti-Ro seropositivity is positively associated with adult cardiac conduction disturbances and, to a lesser extent, cardiac rhythm disturbances, regardless of the presence of concurrent autoimmune disease.
Prioritizing candidate eQTL causal genes in Arabidopsis using RANDOM FORESTS
Authors: Hartanto Margi , Sami Asif Ahmed , de Ridder Dick , Nijveen Harm
Published: September 2022

Expression quantitative trait locus mapping has been widely used to study the genetic regulation of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. As a result, a large amount of expression quantitative trait locus data has been generated for this model plant; however, only a few causal expression quantitative trait locus genes have been identified, and experimental validation is costly and laborious. A prioritization method could help speed up the identification of causal expression quantitative trait locus genes. This study extends the machine-learning-based QTG-Finder2 method for prioritizing candidate causal genes in phenotype quantitative trait loci to be used for expression quantitative trait loci by adding gene structure, protein interaction, and gene expression. Independent validation shows that the new algorithm can prioritize 16 out of 25 potential expression quantitative trait locus causal genes within the top 20% rank. Several new features are important in prioritizing causal expression quantitative trait locus genes, including the number of protein–protein interactions, unique domains, and introns. Overall, this study provides a foundation for developing computational methods to prioritize candidate expression quantitative trait locus causal genes. The prediction of all genes is available in the AraQTL workbench (https://www.bioinformatics.nl/AraQTL/) to support the identification of gene expression regulators in Arabidopsis.
F-Purity Deforms in ℚ-Gorenstein Rings
Authors: Polstra Thomas , Simpson Austyn
Published: September 2022

We show that $F$-purity deforms in local ${\mathbb {Q}}$-Gorenstein rings of prime characteristic $p>0$. Furthermore, we show that $F$-purity is ${\mathfrak {m}}$-adically stable in local Cohen–Macaulay ${\mathbb {Q}}$-Gorenstein rings.
On Adjoint Homological Selmer Modules for SL2-Representations of Knot Groups
Authors: Kitayama Takahiro , Morishita Masanori , Tange Ryoto , Terashima Yuji
Published: September 2022

We introduce the adjoint homological Selmer module for an $\textrm {SL}_2$-representation of a knot group, which may be seen as a knot theoretic analogue of the dual adjoint Selmer module for a Galois representation. We then show finitely generated torsion-ness of our adjoint Selmer module, which are widely known as conjectures in number theory, and give some concrete examples.
On the Bogomolov–Gieseker Inequality in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Koseki Naoki
Published: September 2022

We prove a version of the Bogomolov–Gieseker (BG) inequality on smooth projective surfaces of general type in positive characteristic. Our result is stronger than a similar theorem by Langer for vector bundles of sufficiently large rank. Our inequality enables us to construct Bridgeland stability conditions with the full support property on all smooth projective surfaces in positive characteristic. We also prove the BG-type inequality for higher dimensional varieties.
Nilpotent Groups and Bi-Lipschitz Embeddings Into L1
Authors: Eriksson-Bique Sylvester , Gartland Chris , Le Donne Enrico , Naples Lisa , Nicolussi Golo Sebastiano
Published: September 2022

We prove that if a simply connected nilpotent Lie group quasi-isometrically embeds into an $L^1$ space, then it is abelian. We reach this conclusion by proving that every Carnot group that bi-Lipschitz embeds into $L^1$ is abelian. Our proof follows the work of Cheeger and Kleiner, by considering the pull-back distance of a Lipschitz map into $L^1$ and representing it using a cut measure. We show that such cut measures, and the induced distances, can be blown up and the blown-up cut measure is supported on “generic” tangents of the original sets. By repeating such a blow-up procedure, one obtains a cut measure supported on half-spaces. This differentiation result then is used to prove that bi-Lipschitz embeddings can not exist in the non-abelian settings.
A Literature Review on How We Can Address Medical Laboratory Scientist Staffing Shortages
Authors: Halstead Diane C , Sautter Robert L
Published: September 2022

Objective

Laboratories are facing a critical shortage of medical laboratory scientists (MLS) and medical laboratory technicians (MLT) to address an increasing demand for laboratory testing. Training program closures, fewer student applicants, and financial decisions have contributed to staffing shortages. Lack of visibility, low wages, and perceived lack of opportunities for upward career mobility contribute to challenges in recruiting and retaining qualified individuals and students who are unaware of laboratory medicine careers. Our goal was to review the literature to determine the current state and consequences of staffing shortages, and potential solutions to address these shortages.

Methods

Medline/PubMed, PubMed Central, MeSH, Google Scholar, and Marshall Digital Scholar were used as resources.

Discussion/Conclusions

A collaboration of stakeholders is needed to identify staffing challenges, barriers, and solutions and to increase visibility of laboratory professionals. Early recruitment is best started in the middle and high school educational process.
Classifying all transducer degrees below N3
Authors: Kaufmann Noah
Published: September 2022

We answer an open question in the theory of transducer degrees initially posed in Endrullis et al. (2016, Proc. Conf. on Developments in Language Theory (DLT 2016), 164–176), on the structure of polynomial transducer degrees. Transducer degrees are the equivalence classes formed by word transformations which can be realized by a finite-state transducer (FST). While there are no general techniques to tell if a word $\sigma $ can be transformed into $\tau $ via an FST, the work of Endrullis et al. (2010, J. Int., 11B.A6, 164–176) provides a test for the class of streams determined by spiralling functions, which includes all streams determined by polynomials. We fully classify the degrees of all cubic polynomial streams which are below the stream corresponding to $n^3$, and many of the methods can also be used to classify the degrees of polynomial streams of higher orders.
Efficacy and safety of miconazole muco-adhesive tablet versus itraconazole in oropharyngeal candidiasis: A randomized, multi-centered, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Zhou Haiwen , Wang Wenmei , Duan Ning , Luo Zhixiao , Chai Hongbo , Jiang Lu , Chen Qianming , Liu Jinli , Hua Hong , Yan Zhimin , Fan Yuan , Xu Juanyong , Guan Xiaobing , Wang Hongjian , Lu Hongzhou , Lun Wenhui , Fei Wei , Zhang Tong , Zhao Jizhi , Jia Chunling , Kong Hui , Shen Xuemin , Liu Qing , Wang Weizhi , Tang Guoyao
Published: September 2022

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic infection treated with anti-fungal agents. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of miconazole buccal tablets (MBT) and itraconazole capsules in the localized treatment of patients with OPC. In this multi-centered, double-blinded, phase III trial (CTR20130414), both males and non-pregnant females (≥18 years) with OPC were randomized (1:1) to MBT plus placebo (experimental group) or itraconazole capsules plus placebo (control group). The primary endpoint was clinical cure at the end-of-treatment period [visit 4 (V4)] while secondary endpoints were clinical remission rates, partial remission rates, mycological cure, clinical relapse, and adverse events (AEs). All endpoints were statistically analyzed in both the full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol (PP) set. A total of 431 (experimental: 216; control: 215) subjects were included. At V4, in the FAS set, the clinical cure was achieved in 68% and 59% patients in experimental and control groups, respectively with a treatment difference of 9% [95% confidence interval (CI): −1,19; P < .001] demonstrating non-inferiority of MBT over itraconazole. At V4, mycological cure rates were 68.2% and 42.0% in the experimental group and control groups (P < .001), respectively in FAS. The relapse rates were 5.4% and 6.6%, respectively, in the experimental and control groups. A total of 210 patients experienced AEs during treatment with 47.7% in the experimental group and 49.8% in the control group with no deaths. This study demonstrated that once-daily treatment with MBT was non-inferior to itraconazole with higher mycological cure rates and was tolerable with mild AE in patients with OPC.
The chemical and thermal structure of the hot atmosphere of the elliptical galaxy NGC 5813
Authors: Chatzigiannakis D , Simionescu A , Mernier F
Published: September 2022

We present a robust representation of the chemical and thermal structure in the galaxy group NGC 5813 using archival, deep X-ray observations, and employing a multi-temperature spectral model based on up to date atomic line emission databases. The selection of our target is motivated by the fact that NGC 5813 has a very relaxed morphology, making it a promising candidate for the study of the AGN feedback’s influence in the intra-group medium (IGrM). Our results showcase a prominent, extended distribution of cool gas along the group’s NE-SW direction, correlating with the direction along which the supermassive black hole in the group’s central galaxy is known to interact with the IGrM. Our analysis indicates gas being uplifted from the group’s centre as the probable origin of the cool gas, although alternative scenarios, such as in-situ cooling can not be explicitly ruled out. Regarding the chemical structure of the IGrM, and unlike previous findings in massive clusters, we find no evidence for recent metal transport by jets/lobes from the central AGN. Instead, elemental abundances remain near Solar on average across the group. The distribution of elements appears to be independent of galactocentric radius, azimuth and the thermodynamics of the gas, suggesting that the IGrM has been efficiently mixed. The large scale uniformity of the abundance distribution implies the presence of complex dynamical processes in NGC 5813, despite its overall relaxed morphology. Past events of extreme AGN feedback or sloshing could be the primary mechanisms behind this.
On large-scale dynamos with stable stratification and the application to stellar radiative zones
Authors: Skoutnev V , Squire J , Bhattacharjee A
Published: September 2022

Our understanding of large-scale magnetic fields in stellar radiative zones remains fragmented and incomplete. Such magnetic fields, which must be produced by some form of dynamo mechanism, are thought to dominate angular-momentum transport, making them crucial to stellar evolution. A major difficulty is the effect of stable stratification, which generally suppresses dynamo action. We explore the effects of stable stratification on mean-field dynamo theory with a particular focus on a non-helical large-scale dynamo (LSD) mechanism known as the magnetic shear-current effect. We find that the mechanism is robust to increasing stable stratification as long as the original requirements for its operation are met: a source of shear and non-helical magnetic fluctuations (e.g. from a small-scale dynamo). Both are plausibly sourced in the presence of differential rotation. Our idealized direct numerical simulations, supported by mean-field theory, demonstrate the generation of near equipartition large-scale toroidal fields. Additionally, a scan over magnetic Reynolds number shows no change in the growth or saturation of the LSD, providing good numerical evidence of a dynamo mechanism resilient to catastrophic quenching, which has been an issue for helical dynamos. These properties – the absence of catastrophic quenching and robustness to stable stratification – make the mechanism a plausible candidate for generating in situ large-scale magnetic fields in stellar radiative zones.
Cosmic ray interstellar propagation tool using Itô Calculus (criptic): software for simultaneous calculation of cosmic ray transport and observational signatures
Authors: Krumholz Mark R , Crocker Roland M , Sampson Matt L
Published: September 2022

We present criptic, the Cosmic Ray Interstellar Propagation Tool using Itô Calculus, a new open-source software package to simulate the propagation of cosmic rays through the interstellar medium and to calculate the resulting observable non-thermal emission. criptic solves the Fokker–Planck equation describing transport of cosmic rays on scales larger than that on which their pitch angles become approximately isotropic, and couples this to a rich and accurate treatment of the microphysical processes by which cosmic rays in the energy range ∼MeV to ∼PeV lose energy and produce emission. criptic is deliberately agnostic as to both the cosmic ray transport model and the state of the background plasma through which cosmic rays travel. It can solve problems where cosmic rays stream, diffuse, or perform arbitrary combinations of both, and the coefficients describing these transport processes can be arbitrary functions of the background plasma state, the properties of the cosmic rays themselves, and local integrals of the cosmic ray field itself (e.g. the local cosmic ray pressure or pressure gradient). The code is parallelized using a hybrid OpenMP-MPI paradigm, allowing rapid calculations exploiting multiple cores and nodes on modern supercomputers. Here, we describe the numerical methods used in the code, our treatment of the microphysical processes, and the set of code tests and validations we have performed.
Tidally induced migration of TESS gas giants orbiting M dwarfs
Authors: Alvarado-Montes Jaime A
Published: September 2022

According to core-accretion formation models, the conditions under which gas giants will form around M dwarfs are very restrictive. Also, the correlation of the occurrence of these planets with the metallicity of host stars is still unknown due to the intrinsic faintness of M dwarfs in the optical and some intricacies in their spectra. Interestingly, NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission has started to create a growing sample of these systems, with 11 observed planets located in close-in orbits: contrary to what is expected for low-mass stars. Tidal interactions with the host star will play a key role in determining the fate of these planets, so by using the measured physical and orbital characteristics of these M-dwarf systems we numerically analyse the exchange of rotational and orbital angular momentum, while constraining the energy dissipation in each system to calculate whether host stars are spun up or spun down, depending on the relationship between the gain and loss of angular momentum by the stellar rotation. We also study the coupled orbital and physical evolution of their gas giant companion and calculate orbital circularization time-scales, as well as the time needed to undergo orbital decay from their current orbital position to the Roche limit. The thorough study of tidal processes occurring over short and long time-scales in star–planet systems like those studied here, can help constrain tidal dissipation rates inside the star and planet, complement tidal theories, and improve estimations of unconstrained properties of exoplanetary systems.
Correlation of Postvaccination Fever With Specific Antibody Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 BNT162b2 Booster and No Significant Influence of Antipyretic Medication
Authors: Tani Naoki , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Goto Takeyuki , Gondo Kei , Inoue Takeru , Yanagihara Yuki , Kurata Yasuo , Oishi Ryo , Minami Junya , Onozawa Kyoko , Nagano Sukehisa , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Akashi Koichi , Shimono Nobuyuki , Chong Yong
Published: September 2022

Background

A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine booster elicits sufficient antibody responses that protect against coronavirus disease 2019, whereas adverse reactions such as fever have been commonly reported. Associations between adverse reactions and antibody responses have not been fully characterized, nor has the influence of antipyretic use.

Methods

This is a prospective observational cohort study in Japan, following our prior investigation of BNT162b2 2-dose primary series. Spike-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured for SARS-CoV-2–naive hospital healthcare workers who received a BNT162b2 booster. The severity of solicited adverse reactions, including the highest body temperature, and self-medicated antipyretics were reported daily for 7 days following vaccination through a web-based self-reporting diary.

Results

The data of 281 healthcare workers were available. Multivariate analysis extracted fever after the booster dose (β = .305, P < .001) as being significantly correlated with the specific IgG titers. The analysis of 164 participants with data from the primary series showed that fever after the second dose was associated with the emergence of fever after the booster dose (relative risk, 3.97 [95% confidence interval, 2.48–6.35]); however, the IgG titers after the booster dose were not associated with the presence or degree of fever after the second dose. There were no significant differences in the IgG titers by the use, type, or dosage of antipyretic medication.

Conclusions

These results suggest an independent correlation between mRNA vaccine–induced specific IgG levels and post–booster vaccination fever, without any significant influence of fever after the primary series. Antipyretic medications for adverse reactions should not interfere with the elevation of specific IgG titers.
Transnational Interconnections in Nineteenth-Century Western Deaf Communities
Authors: Murray Joseph J.
Published: September 2022

A transnational approach to history brings new perspectives to nationally based historical narratives. In the case of deaf history, it uncovers new patterns of international interaction, resulting in a transnational deaf public sphere, which operated from the latter third of the nineteenth century. Through publications, travel by individual deaf people, and a series of international congresses that took place between 1873 and 1924, deaf Westerners exchanged strategies on how to live as deaf people in auditory societies. A central concern was the preservation of the right to use sign language in the face of ideologies that sought to remove this language from the education of deaf children. Deaf Westerners created transnational strategies of response to transnational ideologies of eugenics and normality. By doing so, they attempted to claim a space for “aberrant” bodies within nationalist ideologies.
The cell biology of primary cell walls during salt stress
Authors: Colin Leia , Ruhnow Felix , Zhu Jian-Kang , Zhao Chunzhao , Zhao Yang , Persson Staffan
Published: September 2022

Salt stress simultaneously causes ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress, which directly impact plant growth and development. Plants have developed numerous strategies to adapt to saline environments. Whereas some of these strategies have been investigated and exploited for crop improvement, much remains to be understood, including how salt stress is perceived by plants and how plants coordinate effective responses to the stress. It is, however, clear that the plant cell wall is the first contact point between external salt and the plant. In this context, significant advances in our understanding of halotropism, cell wall synthesis, and integrity surveillance, as well as salt-related cytoskeletal rearrangements, have been achieved. Indeed, molecular mechanisms underpinning some of these processes have recently been elucidated. In this review, we aim to provide insights into how plants respond and adapt to salt stress, with a special focus on primary cell wall biology in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
GA signaling expands: The plant UBX domain-containing protein 1 is a binding partner for the GA receptor
Authors: Hauvermale Amber L , Cárdenas Jessica J , Bednarek Sebastian Y , Steber Camille M
Published: September 2022

The plant Ubiquitin Regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing protein 1 (PUX1) functions as a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) signaling. GAs are plant hormones that stimulate seed germination, the transition to flowering, and cell elongation and division. Loss of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PUX1 resulted in a “GA-overdose” phenotype including early flowering, increased stem and root elongation, and partial resistance to the GA-biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol during seed germination and root elongation. Furthermore, GA application failed to stimulate further stem elongation or flowering onset suggesting that elongation and flowering response to GA had reached its maximum. GA hormone partially repressed PUX1 protein accumulation, and PUX1 showed a GA-independent interaction with the GA receptor GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF-1 (GID1). This suggests that PUX1 is GA regulated and/or regulates elements of the GA signaling pathway. Consistent with PUX1 function as a negative regulator of GA signaling, the pux1 mutant caused increased GID1 expression and decreased accumulation of the DELLA REPRESSOR OF GA1-3, RGA. PUX1 is a negative regulator of the hexameric AAA+ ATPase CDC48, a protein that functions in diverse cellular processes including unfolding proteins in preparation for proteasomal degradation, cell division, and expansion. PUX1 binding to GID1 required the UBX domain, a binding motif necessary for CDC48 interaction. Moreover, PUX1 overexpression in cell culture not only stimulated the disassembly of CDC48 hexamer but also resulted in co-fractionation of GID1, PUX1, and CDC48 subunits in velocity sedimentation assays. Based on our results, we propose that PUX1 and CDC48 are additional factors that need to be incorporated into our understanding of GA signaling.
Genome-edited rice deficient in two4-COUMARATE:COENZYME A LIGASEgenes displays diverse lignin alterations
Authors: Afifi Osama Ahmed , Tobimatsu Yuki , Lam Pui Ying , Martin Andri Fadillah , Miyamoto Takuji , Osakabe Yuriko , Osakabe Keishi , Umezawa Toshiaki
Published: September 2022

The 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme that contributes to channeling metabolic flux in the cinnamate/monolignol pathway, leading to the production of monolignols, p-hydroxycinnamates, and a flavonoid tricin, the major building blocks of lignin polymer in grass cell walls. Vascular plants often contain multiple 4CL genes; however, the contribution of each 4CL isoform to lignin biosynthesis remains unclear, especially in grasses. In this study, we characterized the functions of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) 4CL isoforms (Os4CL3 and Os4CL4) primarily by analyzing the cell wall chemical structures of rice mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis. A series of chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that loss-of-function of Os4CL3 and Os4CL4 differently altered the composition of lignin polymer units. Loss of function of Os4CL3 induced marked reductions in the major guaiacyl and syringyl lignin units derived from both the conserved non-γ-p-coumaroylated and the grass-specific γ-p-coumaroylated monolignols, with more prominent reductions in guaiacyl units than in syringyl units. In contrast, the loss-of-function mutation to Os4CL4 primarily decreased the abundance of the non-γ-p-coumaroylated guaiacyl units. Loss-of-function of Os4CL4, but not of Os4CL3, reduced the grass-specific lignin-bound tricin units, indicating that Os4CL4 plays a key role not only in monolignol biosynthesis but also in the biosynthesis of tricin used for lignification. Further, the loss-of-function of Os4CL3 and Os4CL4 notably reduced cell-wall-bound ferulates, indicating their roles in cell wall feruloylation. Overall, this study demonstrates the overlapping but divergent roles of 4CL isoforms during the coordinated production of various lignin monomers.