bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized energy management and small cell activation in ultra-dense networks through a data-driven approach
Authors: Shabbir Amna , Rizvi Safdar , Alam Muhammad Mansoor , Mohd Su’ud Mazliham
Published: December 2024

With the exponential expansion of the wireless industry, the demand for improved data network throughput, capacity, and coverage has become critical. Heterogeneous ultra-dense networks (UDNs) have emerged as a promising solution to meet these escalating requirements for high data rates and capacity. However, effectively deploying and managing small cells within UDNs presents significant challenges, particularly amidst varying traffic loads and the necessity for efficient resource utilization to minimize energy consumption, especially in environments with high interference levels. Inadequate deployment of small cells can lead to excessive interference, resulting in suboptimal profitability and inefficient energy resource utilization. Addressing these challenges demands innovative approaches such as data-driven deployment strategies and efficient energy efficient resource (EER) management for small cells. Leveraging data-driven methodologies, operators can optimize small cell deployment locations and configurations based on real-time traffic patterns and environmental conditions, thereby maximizing network performance while minimizing energy consumption. This research investigates the effectiveness of a data-driven mechanism in enhancing the average achievable data rate of small cells within Heterogeneous UDNs. Our proposed approach Data Driven Opportunistic Sleep Strategy (D-DOSS) employs stochastic geometry based mathematical model for the heterogeneous networks (HetNets) wireless network will assess the impact of strategic small cell deployment on network performance in respect of energy savings. The results from Monte Carlo simulations reveal that D-DOSS outperforms traditional strategies by improving energy efficiency (EE) by 20% and achieving a 15% higher average data rate. Additionally, D-DOSS achieves a coverage probability of 50% at a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold of 5 dB, significantly better than random sleep mode (RSM) and load aware sleep (LAS) strategies. Overall, our findings underscore the significance of data-driven deployment and management strategies in optimizing the performance of HetNets UDNs. By embracing such approaches, wireless operators can meet the escalating demands for high-speed data transmission while achieving greater EE and sustainability in wireless network operations.
Improving long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for arbitrage spread forecasting: integrating cuckoo and zebra algorithms in chaotic mapping space for enhanced accuracy
Authors: Zhu Mingfu , Liu Yaxing , Qin Panke , Ding Yongjie , Cai Zhongqi , Gao Zhenlun , Ye Bo , Qi Haoran , Cheng Shenjie , Zeng Zeliang
Published: December 2024

Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, widely used for financial time series forecasting, face challenges in arbitrage spread prediction, especially in hyperparameter tuning for large datasets. These issues affect model complexity and adaptability to market dynamics. Existing heuristic algorithms for LSTM often struggle to capture the complex dynamics of futures spread data, limiting prediction accuracy. We propose an integrated Cuckoo and Zebra Algorithms-optimised LSTM (ICS-LSTM) network for arbitrage spread prediction. This method replaces the Lévy flight in the Cuckoo algorithm with the Zebra algorithm search, improving convergence speed and solution optimization. Experimental results showed a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.011, mean square error (MSE) of 3.326, mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.267, and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.996. The proposed model improved performance by reducing MAPE by 8.3–50.0%, MSE by 10.2–77.8%, and MAE by 9.3–63.0% compared to existing methods. These improvements translate to more accurate spread predictions, enhancing arbitrage opportunities and trading strategy profitability.
Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Gap and Flexural Strength of CAD/CAM Milled, 3D Printed and Conventional Chairside Interim 3-unit Fixed Dental Prosthesis: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Botadra Ayushi , Sankeshwari Banashree , Adaki Raghavendra , Huddar Dayanand , Pattanshetti Channaveer
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Interim prosthesis play an important role in maintaining integrity of abutment tooth till final prosthesis is fabricated. Thus, using different fabrication techniques which can affect the mechanical properties of material can be useful to determine longevity of prosthesis.

Aim: To evaluate the marginal gap and Flexural Strength (FS) of Computer-aided Designing/Computer-aided Milling (CAD/CAM) milled, 3D printed and conventional chairside interim 3-unit Fixed Dental Prosthesis (FDP).

Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, for duration of one year and six months between May 2022 to November 2023, 45 dies were fabricated by 3D printing technique. A total of 45 3-unit fixed dental prosthesis were fabricated over these dies by various techniques i.e., CAD/CAM Milled, 3D Printed and Conventional i.e., 15 sample per group I and J. All samples were cemented on dies under 20 N force and were evaluated for marginal gap with stereomicroscope under 40X magnification and assessed in millimetre (mm). Mean of marginal gap at premolar and molar for each sample was evaluated. Thermocycling was carried out for 5,000 cycles in distilled water (5oC and 55oC) in a digitally controlled water-bath chamber. Universal testing machine was used to evaluate FS using “three-point bend test”. One-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test were used for statistical analysis.

Results: On evaluation of marginal gap, a significant difference was noted between the three groups with p-value=0.0006 with 3D printed group showing the most marginal gap. On evaluation of FS, a significant difference was noted between the three groups with p-value=0.0001. On pair-wise comparison, highly statistically significant difference was seen between all groups where CAD/CAM Milled showed greater FS followed by conventional and 3D printed.

Conclusion: The CAD/CAM Milled showed better marginal adaptation and greater FS followed by conventional and 3D printed group.
Garett Ranking Technique to Determine the Factors Affecting Outside Eating Habits among Students
Authors: Sahithya Soothram , Panwar Prakash , Saibhavani Gangam
Published: December 2024

Generally, “Eating out” refers to food that is prepared or purchased and consumed outside the home. Eating habits refers to what we eat, how we eat and why we eat. Outside eating habits were influenced by a wide range of complex and interrelated factors. To investigate the factors affecting the outside eating habits among the students the present has undertaken. To know their general profile, to assess the factors affecting outside eating habits and ranking the affecting factors based on Henry Garett ranking technique were the objectives of the study. For this investigation exploratory research design has chosen and google forms were used to collect data from students. A total of 220 responses were received through google forms from two community science colleges. The received responses were scored and analysed by using Garett ranking method. The results indicated that, most of the respondents belong to 18-22 years age group, similar per cent were pursuing graduation, more than half of the respondents prefer both home delivery and going to restaurants and the students preferring friends to go out with and eat. Respondents prefer to have evening snacks at outside.  It was also found that peer group, special events and Taste/flavor were the major affecting factors simultaneously religion, eating disorder and advertisement were the least influencing factors to eat outside.
Iron‐Based Superconductors
Authors: Rodriguez Efrain E.
Published: December 2019

The iron‐based superconductors are a special subset of inorganic solids that conduct electrical currents without any resistive losses. First discovered in the system ()FeP, there have been a multitude of new compounds synthesized since then, including arsenides, sulfides, selenides, and tellurides. Critical temperatures, or s, achieved can be as high as 65 K in the FeSe superconductor when isolated as a single layer on an oxide substrate, or 55 K in the bulk for ()FeAs. This article provides a history of the development of these superconductors, and gives an overview of the structural and chemical parameters most relevant for superconductivity.
Estimates of Responsiveness, Minimally Important Differences, and Patient Acceptable Symptom State in Five Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Forms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Katz Patricia , Pedro Sofia , Alemao Evo , Yazdany Jinoos , Dall'Era Maria , Trupin Laura , Rush Stephanie , Michaud Kaleb
Published: December 2019

Objective

Examinations of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have provided support for their cross‐sectional validity in SLE. We estimated responsiveness to change, meaningful changes (minimally important differences [MIDs]), and the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) for five PROMIS short forms to facilitate longitudinal use and interpretation of PROMIS scales in SLE.

Methods

Data from five administrations of PROMIS short forms in the FORWARD SLE cohorts were used. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess associations between changes in PROMIS measures and changes in anchor measures for responsiveness analyses. Worse, same, or better groups were defined for each anchor. Differences in PROMIS scores were calculated for each consecutive PROMIS administration; mean changes in PROMIS scores of individuals in the worse, same, and better groups were calculated. Both anchor‐based and distribution‐based methods were used to estimate MIDs. PASS was defined as the 75th‐percentile positive score among those who considered their health to be acceptable or who were somewhat or very satisfied with their health.

Results

All PROMIS short forms showed adequate responsiveness to changes in related patient‐reported outcomes. However, only the fatigue and pain interference scales were responsive to self‐reported SLE activity. Taking into account all methods, we estimated MIDs for each scale to be approximately two points. All PASS values were better than the population mean T‐score of 50.

Conclusion

These results support use and further study of PROMIS short forms in SLE and should facilitate interpretation of PROMIS scores and changes.
Self‐Assembly in Hopper‐Shaped Crystals
Authors: Yang Zeda , Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Lifu , Fu Benwei , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Shang Wen , Deng Tao
Published: December 2019

Hopper shape is a special type of crystal morphology. Hopper‐shaped crystals possess unique properties and show promise in many different applications. The understanding of how the building blocks (atoms, ions, and molecules) assemble into hopper‐shaped crystals and how the environmental factors influence the assembly process is critical to the properties and applications of hopper‐shaped crystals. In this review, the important interfacial instability theories that outline the underlying mechanisms for the formation of hopper‐shaped crystals are discussed. Next, the relevant experimental developments based on three categories of synthetic approaches are discussed: the growth through the control of the solute concentration, the temperature gradient, and the capping agent. At the end of the review, the applications, opportunities, and potential challenges of the hopper‐shaped crystals are discussed.
Beating Thermal Coarsening in Nanoporous Materials via High‐Entropy Design
Authors: Joo Soo‐Hyun , Bae Jae Wung , Park Won‐Young , Shimada Yusuke , Wada Takeshi , Kim Hyoung Seop , Takeuchi Akira , Konno Toyohiko J. , Kato Hidemi , Okulov Ilya V.
Published: December 2019

Controlling the feature sizes of 3D bicontinuous nanoporous (3DNP) materials is essential for their advanced applications in catalysis, sensing, energy systems, etc., requiring high specific surface area. However, the intrinsic coarsening of nanoporous materials naturally reduces their surface energy leading to the deterioration of physical properties over time, even at ambient temperatures. A novel 3DNP material beating the universal relationship of thermal coarsening is reported via high‐entropy alloy (HEA) design. In newly developed TiVNbMoTa 3DNP HEAs, the nanoporous structure is constructed by very fine nanoscale ligaments of a solid‐solution phase due to enhanced phase stability by maximizing the configuration entropy and suppressed surface diffusion. The smallest size of 3DNP HEA synthesized at 873 K is about 10 nm, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of conventional porous materials. More importantly, the yield strength of ligament in 3DNP HEA approaches its theoretical strength of G/2π of the corresponding HEA alloy even after thermal exposure. This finding signifies the key benefit of high‐entropy design in nanoporous materials—exceptional stability of size‐related physical properties. This high‐entropy strategy should thus open new opportunities for developing ultrastable nanomaterials against its environment.
Multilayer Metal‐Oxide Memristive Device with Stabilized Resistive Switching
Authors: Mikhaylov Alexey , Belov Alexey , Korolev Dmitry , Antonov Ivan , Kotomina Valentina , Kotina Alina , Gryaznov Evgeny , Sharapov Alexander , Koryazhkina Maria , Kryukov Ruslan , Zubkov Sergey , Sushkov Artem , Pavlov Dmitry , Tikhov Stanislav , Morozov Oleg , Tetelbaum David
Published: December 2019

Variability of resistive switching is a key problem for application of memristive devices in emerging information‐computing systems. Achieving a stable switching between the nonlinear resistive states is an important task on the way to implementation of large memristive cross‐bar arrays and solving the related sneak‐path‐current problem. A promising approach is the fabrication of memristive structures with appropriate interfaces by combining the materials of electrodes with certain oxygen affinity and different dielectric layers. In the present work, such approach allows the demonstration of stabilized resistive switching in a multilayer device structure based on ZrO2(Y) and Ta2O5 films. It is established for the large‐area devices that the switching is stabilized after several hundreds of cycles. A possible scenario of the stabilization is proposed taking into account experimental data on the presence of grain boundaries in ZrO2(Y) as the preferred sites for nucleation of filaments, self‐organization of Ta nanocrystals as the electric field concentrators in Ta2O5 film, as well as oxygen exchange between oxide layers and interface with bottom TiN electrode. The robust resistive switching between nonlinear states is implemented in microscale cross‐point devices without numerous cycling before stabilization promising for the fabrication of programmable memristive weights in passively integrated cross‐bar arrays.
A Dual‐Mode Wearable Sensor Based on Bacterial Cellulose Reinforced Hydrogels for Highly Sensitive Strain/Pressure Sensing
Authors: Huang Jieyu , Zhao Min , Cai Yibing , Zimniewska Malgorzata , Li Dawei , Wei Qufu
Published: December 2019

Flexible and wearable sensors are fast establishing their status as go‐to devices for human motion detection. A bacterial cellulose‐reinforced hydrogel is fabricated through a facile and scalable freezing–thawing process with Ca2+ crosslinking for strain and pressure sensing. Polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/bacterial cellulose/modified carbon nanotube and carbon black hydrogels assembled as piezoresistive strain sensors and capacitive pressure sensors exhibit an excellent synchronicity between mechanical load and electrical signal, good stability under various strains and pressures, an ability to distinguish strains and pressures, and extraordinary cycling repeatability and durability during loading/unloading process. Moreover, the dual‐mode sensor can be used for monitoring human motion, such as limb movement, walking, and grasping weights, suggesting its great potential in flexible and wearable devices.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy on Energy‐Related Catalysis
Authors: Hwang Sooyeon , Chen Xiaobo , Zhou Guangwen , Su Dong
Published: December 2019

Energy‐related catalytic reactions have been extensively investigated in past years in order to efficiently utilize clean and environmentally benign energy sources. In these systems, the catalysts and the catalyst/active medium interfaces play a crucial role in determining their performance. Thus, understanding the physical and chemical properties of catalysts during reactions is of importance to provide fundamental insights for designing the devices. Transmission electron microscopy can provide tremendous information regarding materials' morphology, microstructure, and chemical properties at nanoscales. With in situ electron microscopy, dynamic processes of catalytic reactions in both gas and liquid environments have been investigated in real time. In this paper, the recent research progress of in situ and operando electron microscopy techniques are introduced with the representative works in energy‐related reactions, including electrochemical catalysis in liquid media and heterogeneous catalysis in gas media. The uniqueness of the specific electron microscopy methods and scientific merits of each work are highlighted. Finally, outlooks on emerging research opportunities are discussed.
Advancing Diversity and Inclusion: An Organized Approach Through a Medical Specialty Academy
Authors: Pierce Ava E. , Moreno‐Walton Lisa , Boatright Dowin , Moll Joel L. , Hicks Marquita N. , Druck Jeffrey , Lopez Bernard L. , Oral Evrim , Heron Sheryl L.
Published: December 2019

Background

The benefits of a diverse workforce in medicine have been previously described. While the population of the United States has become increasingly diverse, this has not occurred in the physician workforce. In academic medicine, underrepresented in medicine (URiM) faculty are less likely to be promoted or retained in academic institutions. Studies suggest that mentorship and engagement increase the likelihood of development, retention, and promotion. However, it is not clear what form of mentorship creates these changes. The Academy for Diversity and Inclusion in Emergency Medicine (ADIEM), an academy within the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, is a group focused on advancing diversity and inclusion as well as promoting the development of its URiM students, residents, and faculty. The Academy serves many of the functions of a mentoring program. We assessed whether active involvement in ADIEM led to increased publications, promotion, or leadership advancement in the areas of diversity, equity, and inclusion.

Methods

We performed a survey of ADIEM members to determine if career development and productivity, defined as written scholarly products, presentations, and mentorship in the area of diversity, equity, and inclusion was enhanced by the establishment of the academy. To determine whether there were significant changes in academic accomplishments after the formation of ADIEM, two groups, ADIEM leaders and ADIEM nonleader members, were examined.

Results

Thirteen ADIEM leaders and 14 ADIEM nonleader members completed the survey. Academic productivity in the area of diversity, equity, and inclusion increased significantly among ADIEM leaders when compared to ADIEM nonleader members after the founding of ADIEM. In particular, in the ADIEM leader group, there were significant increases in manuscript publications (1.31 ± 1.6 to 5.5 ± 7.96, p = 0.12), didactic presentations (3.85 ± 7.36 to 23.46 ± 44.52, p < 0.01), grand rounds presentations (0.83 ± 1.75 to 8.6 ± 10.71, p < 0.05), and student/resident mentees (6.46 ± 9.36 to 25 ± 30.41, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The formation of a specialized academy within a national medical society has advanced academic accomplishments in diversity, equity, and inclusion in emergency medicine among ADIEM leadership. Involvement of URiM and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender faculty in the academy fostered faculty development, mentoring, and educational scholarship.
Recent Progress in Photonic Synapses for Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Zhang Junyao , Dai Shilei , Zhao Yiwei , Zhang Jianhua , Huang Jia
Published: December 2019

Implementing synaptic functions with electronic devices is critical to achieve neuromorphic systems on the hardware platform, as synapses play important roles in brain computing and memory. Synapses modulated by light signals, which are also referred as photonic synapses, can not only make effective use of the outstanding properties of light to provide devices with ultrahigh propagation speed, high bandwidth and low crosstalk but also provide a noncontact writing method, which can facilitate the evolution of optical wireless communication and operation. More importantly, real‐time image processing can also be performed by photonic synapses which possess temporary memory. Thus far, tremendous efforts have been taken to design and fabricate photonic synapses. Herein, a summary of the development of different kinds of emerging materials utilized in photonic synaptic devices including memristors, field‐effect transistors, and phase change memory is presented, followed by the innovative applications of photonic synapses for neuromorphic systems. Finally, some current challenges and future study directions are discussed.
Mothers' experiences of pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period: A short report in a Swedish context
Authors: Johansson Margareta , Fenwick Jennifer , Thies‐Lagergren Li
Published: December 2019

Objectives

The objective was to investigate the prevalence of mothers who experienced pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period and to describe associated factors.

Methods

Medical records of 987 mothers and their babies were scrutinized. Chi‐square Test, McNemar's test, and relative risk with a 95% confidence interval were applied for analysis.

Results

During the in‐hospital postnatal stay, 19.5% mothers experienced pain during breastfeeding. At discharge, the rate was 8.8% (ρ < .001) and at the follow‐up hospital visit 2 to 3 days after birth 17.5% (ρ = .104). Pain when breastfeeding was associated with primiparity (RR 2.02; 95% CI 1.53‐2.66), epidural block during labor (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17‐1.94), cracked nipples (RR 5.94; 95% CI 4.84‐7.27), the use of a nipple shield (RR 6.34; 95% CI 5.43‐7.41), supplementary feeding (RR 2.19; 95% CI 1.71‐2.80), and longer hospital stay (RR 1.88; 95% CI 1.46‐2.42).

Conclusions

During the early postnatal period, Swedish mothers commonly experienced pain during breastfeeding. Although the rate dropped at discharge, it rose again by the time mothers returned for their follow‐up visit. The rebound rate could be explained by breast engorgement, a baby's shallow latch or the effect of an epidural block. Midwives and nurses assisting women during intrapartum and postpartum care must be aware of factors associated with pain during early breastfeeding.
Mechanism of Formic Acid Disproportionation Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex Immobilized on Bipyridine‐Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica: A Case Study Based on Kinetics Analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho , Hashimoto Shunsuke
Published: December 2019

This work investigated the kinetics of formic acid (FA) disproportionation using an Ir complex immobilized on bipyridine‐periodic mesoporous organosilica (BPy‐PMO). The selectivity for methanol (MeOH) is increased using this catalyst compared to conventional homogeneous Ir complexes. This enhanced selectivity is attributed to the retention of H2 and CO2 generated by the competing FA dehydrogenation in PMO mesochannels having a high aspect ratio. However, no direct evidence for this process was previously obtained. The present work clarified the unique catalysis mechanism associated with a PMO catalyst exhibiting higher MeOH selectivity based on a hypothesis that the generation of MeOH via FA hydrogenation is promoted by the confinement of H2 in the PMO pores. The results obtained from the present kinetics study and data regarding H2 diffusion in the PMO pores strongly support this hypothesis.
1D Solitons in Saturable Nonlinear Media with Space Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Shi Jincheng , Zeng Jianhua
Published: December 2019

Two decades ago, standard quantum mechanics entered into a new territory called space‐fractional quantum mechanics, in which wave dynamics and effects are described by the fractional Schrödinger equation. Such territory is now a key and hot topic in diverse branches of physics, particularly in optics driven by the recent theoretical proposal for emulating the fractional Schrödinger equation. However, the light‐wave propagation in saturable nonlinear media with space fractional derivatives is yet to be clearly disclosed. Here, such nonlinear optics phenomenon is theoretically investigated based on the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation with nonlinear lattices—periodic distributions of either focusing cubic (Kerr) or quintic saturable nonlinearities—and the existence and evolution of localized wave structures allowed by the model are addressed. The model upholds two kinds of one‐dimensional soliton families, including fundamental solitons (single peak) and higher‐order solitonic structures consisting of two‐hump solitons (in‐phase) and dipole ones (anti‐phase). Notably, the dipole solitons can be robust stable physical objects localized merely within a single well of the nonlinear lattices—previously thought impossible. Linear‐stability analysis and direct simulations are executed for both soliton families, and their stability regions are acquired. The predicted solutions can be readily observed in optical experiments and beyond.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cymoside through a Bioinspired Oxidative Cyclization of a Strictosidine Derivative
Authors: Dou Yingchao , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Gandon Vincent , Vincent Guillaume
Published: December 2019

The first total synthesis of the caged monoterpene indole alkaloid cymoside is reported. This natural product displays a unique hexacyclic‐fused skeleton whose biosynthesis implies an early oxidative cyclization of strictosidine. Our approach to the furo[3,2‐b]indoline framework relied on an unprecedented biomimetic sequence which started by the diastereoselective oxidation of the indole ring into a hydroxyindolenine which triggered the addition of an enol ether and was followed by the trapping of an oxocarbenium intermediate.
Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles–functionalized Cu(II) Schiff base complex with an imidazolium moiety as an efficient and eco‐friendly bifunctional magnetically recoverable catalyst for the Strecker synthesis in aqueous media at room temperature
Authors: Kazemnejadi Milad , Alavi G. Seyyedeh Ameneh , Rezazadeh Zinat , Nasseri Mohammad Ali , Allahresani Ali , Esmaeilpour Mohsen
Published: December 2019

Cu(II) Schiff base complex supported on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was employed as a magnetic nanocatalyst (nanocomposite) with a phase transfer functionality for the one‐pot preparation of α‐aminonitriles (Strecker reaction). The desired α‐aminonitriles were obtained from the reaction of aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes, aniline or benzyl amine, NaCN, and 1.6 mol% of the catalyst in water at room temperature and good to excellent yields were obtained for all substrates. The catalyst was characterized analytically and instrumentally including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, nuclear magnetic resonance, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, vibrating‐sample magnetometry analysis, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The reaction mechanism was investigated, in which the performance of the catalyst as a phase transition factor seems to be probable. The catalyst showed high activity, high turnover frequency (TOF)s, significant selectivity, and fast performance toward the Strecker synthesis. The nanocatalyst can be readily and quickly separated from the reaction mixture with an external magnet and can be reused for at least seven successive reaction cycles without significant reduction in efficiency.
The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits
Authors: Goris Judith , Brass Marcel , Cambier Charlotte , Delplanque Jeroen , Wiersema Jan R. , Braem Senne
Published: December 2019

A common idea about individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is that they have an above‐average preference for predictability and sameness. However, surprisingly little research has gone toward this core symptom, and some studies suggest the preference for predictability in ASD might be less general than commonly assumed. Here, we investigated this important symptom of ASD using three different paradigms, which allowed us to measure preference for predictability under well‐controlled experimental conditions. Specifically, we used a dimensional approach by investigating correlations between autistic traits (as measured with the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsiveness Scale in a neurotypical population) and the scores on three different tasks. The “music preference” task assessed preferences for tone sequences that varied in predictability. The “perceptual fluency” task required participants to evaluate stimuli that were preceded by a similar versus dissimilar subliminally presented prime. The “gambling” task presented four decks of cards that had equal outcome probabilities but varied in predictability. We observed positive correlations between autistic traits and a preference for predictability in both the music preference and perceptual fluency task. We did not find our hypothesized correlation with gambling behavior but did observe a post hoc correlation showing that participants with more autistic traits were faster to choose the predictable deck. Together, these findings show that a relation between autistic traits and preference for predictability can be observed in a standardized lab environment, and should be considered an important first step toward a better, more mechanistic understanding of insistence on sameness in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1144‐1154. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

A core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a strong preference for predictability, but little research has gone toward it. We show that neurotypical adults with more autistic traits have stronger preferences for predictable tunes, evaluate images that can be predicted as more beautiful, and are faster in choosing a gambling option resulting in predictable reward. These results offer the first important evidence that insistence on sameness in ASD can be studied in controlled lab settings.
Decreasing motor stereotypy in leisure contexts: Analysis of stimulus control with response interruption and redirection
Authors: Falligant John M. , Dommestrup Aila K.
Published: December 2019

Noncontingent access to preferred stimuli and activities may decrease stereotypic behavior in individuals with autism or other developmental disorders. However, prompted engagement, response interruption and redirection (RIRD), and/or contingent access to stereotypy may be required to achieve clinically significant reductions in stereotypy. Antecedent stimuli may also be manipulated during intervention to establish stimulus control by signaling when stereotypy will receive programmed consequences. The purpose of the current project was to replicate prior research in this area by a) evaluating the effectiveness of RIRD on motor stereotypy in an adolescent with autism and b) providing contingent access to stereotypy as a function of successively longer intervals without stereotypic behavior. We also assessed the extent that these procedures gained acceptable stimulus control. Results from this project suggest RIRD and contingent access to stereotypy may effectively decrease motor stereotypy in leisure contexts, though consistent inhibitory stimulus control may be difficult to establish.
Remodeling adipose tissue inflammasome for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: Current perspective and translational strategies
Authors: Banerjee Amrita , Singh Jagdish
Published: December 2019

Obesity‐associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low‐grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue‐derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor‐α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity‐associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.
Promoter polymorphisms of TOP2A and ERCC1 genes as predictive factors for chemotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Grenda Anna , Błach Justyna , Szczyrek Michał , Krawczyk Paweł , Nicoś Marcin , Kuźnar Kamińska Barbara , Jakimiec Monika , Balicka Grażyna , Chmielewska Izabela , Batura‐Gabryel Halina , Sawicki Marek , Milanowski Janusz
Published: December 2019

Background

Topoisomerase 2‐alpha (TOP2A) is an enzyme that controls topologic changes in DNA during transcription and replication. ERCC1 is an enzyme that takes part in DNA repair processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive role of particular single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of TOP2A and ERCC1 genes in non‐small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) treated with chemotherapy.

Materials and methods

We enrolled 113 NSCLC patients treated in the first line with platinum‐based chemotherapy. Effectiveness was available for 71 patients. DNA was isolated from whole blood using the Qiamp DNA Blood Mini kit (Qiagen). We examined five SNPs: rs11615 (ERCC1), rs3212986 (ERCC1), rs13695 (TOP2A), rs34300454 (TOP2A), rs11540720 (TOP2A). Quantitative PCR using the TaqMan probe (ThermoFisher) was performed on a Eco Illumina Real‐Time PCR system device (Illumina Inc).

Results

Patients with the A/A genotype in rs11615 of the ERCC1 gene had significantly longer median progression free survival (PFS) (8.5 months; P = .0088). Patients with the C/C genotype in rs3212986 of the ERCC1 gene had longer median PFS (7 months; P = .05). Patients with the C/C genotype in rs34300454 of TOP2A gene had significantly higher median PFS (7.5 months; P = .0029). Carriers of the C/C genotype in rs34300454 of the TOP2A gene had significantly longer median OS (15.5 months; P = .0017). Patients with the A/A genotype in rs11615 of the ERCC1 gene had significantly higher risk of neutropenia (P = .0133).

Conclusions

Polymorphisms of the TOP2A and ERCC1 genes may be a predictive factor of toxicities and survival for chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.
Prognostic impact of preoperatively elevated and postoperatively normalized carcinoembryonic antigen levels following curative resection of stage I‐III rectal cancer
Authors: Nakamura Yuya , Shida Dai , Tanabe Taro , Takamizawa Yasuyuki , Imaizumi Jun , Ahiko Yuka , Sakamoto Ryohei , Moritani Konosuke , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Kanemitsu Yukihide
Published: December 2019

Background

Preoperative and early postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are known prognostic factors in rectal cancer. Recently, a large‐scale study on colon cancer revealed that “preoperatively elevated and postoperatively normalized CEA levels” is not an indicator of poor prognosis. However, whether this hold true in rectal cancer patients is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of preoperatively elevated and postoperatively normalized CEA levels in rectal cancer patients undergoing curative resection.

Methods

Subjects were consecutive stage I‐III rectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection without preoperative treatment at National Cancer Center Hospital between 2000 and 2015. Overall survival (OS) and the hazard function of recurrence or death were analyzed according to the CEA levels, as follows: normal preoperative CEA (normal group), preoperatively elevated but postoperatively normalized CEA (normalized group), and preoperatively and postoperatively elevated CEA (elevated group).

Results

The normalized group (n =235) had worse OS (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08‐2.04; P = .0142) compared to the normal group (n = 1208), and better OS compared to the elevated group (n = 47) (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31‐0.91; P = .0208). The elevated group had the highest and earliest peak in hazard function, followed by the normalized group and the normal group, with median times to recurrence of 8.8, 15.5, and 18.5 months, respectively (P = .0223).

Conclusions

Prognosis after resection of rectal cancer was worse in patients with preoperatively elevated and postoperatively normalized CEA compared to those with normal preoperative CEA. Patients with elevated preoperative CEA might require intensive follow‐up even if levels normalize after resection, especially in earlier periods, for early detection of recurrence.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐4328 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis by targeting NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein in age‐related cataract
Authors: Zhu Jianfeng , Gong Lei , Zhao Bojun
Published: December 2019

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world while the molecular mechanisms of cataracts pathogenesis are not well elucidated. Dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expressions have been implicated in cataract. However, the precise role of miR‐4328 in cataract is still unknown. We compared the expression level of total miR‐4328 between clinical samples from healthy people and cataract patient and between UV‐irradiated and control lens epithelial cells. We determined the effect of miR‐4328 on lens epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis by suppressing miR‐4328. We further predicted NLR Family Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP) as potential target of miR‐4328 and continued to evaluate the effects of NAIP on cell proliferation and apoptosis. MiR‐4328 was up‐regulated in cataract sample and in UV‐irradiated lens epithelial cells. Suppressing MiR‐4328 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. MiR‐4328 targeted NAIP and suppressed its expression. Knocking down NAIP abolished the effects of miR‐4328 on cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. MiR‐4328 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis by targeting NAIP in age‐related cataract.

Significance of the study

MiR‐4328 targeted NAIP and suppressed its expression. Knocking down NAIP abolished the effects of miR‐4328 on cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. MiR‐4328 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis by targeting NAIP in age‐related cataract.
The Mechanism of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis through a Magnifying Glass
Authors: Hollóczki Oldamur
Published: December 2019

The term “N‐Heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis” is often invoked in organic synthesis for reactions that are catalyzed by different azolium salts in the presence of bases. Although the mechanism of these reactions is considered today evident, a closer look into the details that have been collected throughout the last century reveals that there are many open questions and even contradictions in the field. Emerging new theoretical and experimental results offer solutions to these problems, because they show that through considering alternative reaction mechanisms a more consistent picture on the catalytic process can be obtained. These novel perspectives will be able to extend the scope of the reactions that we call today N‐heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis.
It's a Trap: Thiol‐Michael Chemistry on a DASA Photoswitch
Authors: Alves Jessica , Wiedbrauk Sandra , Gräfe David , Walden Sarah L. , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: December 2019

Donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) are popular photoswitches capable of toggling between two isomers depending on the light and temperature of the system. The cyclized polar form is accessed by visible‐light irradiation, whereas the linear nonpolar form is recovered in the dark. Upon the formation of the cyclized form, the DASA contains a double bond featuring a β‐carbon prone to nucleophilic attack. Here, an isomer selective thiol‐Michael reaction between the cyclized DASA and a base‐activated thiol is introduced. The thiol‐Michael addition was carried out with an alkyl (1‐butanethiol) and an aromatic thiol (p‐bromothiophenol) as reaction partners, both in the presence of a base. Under optimized conditions, the reaction proceeds preferentially in the presence of light and base. The current study demonstrates that DASAs can be selectively trapped in their cyclized state.
Isomeric Dithienophosphepines: The Impact of Ring Fusion on Electronic and Structural Properties
Authors: Padberg Kevin , Ascherl Johannes D. R. , Hampel Frank , Kivala Milan
Published: December 2019

The synthesis and extensive experimental (X‐ray crystallography, UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical (DFT calculations) characterization of two isomeric dithieno[b,f]phosphepines (DTPs) are presented herein. The relative orientation of the phosphepine and the thiophene moieties has a decisive impact on the electronic and structural properties of these compounds. Moreover, the thiophene units allow for a facile subsequent functionalization through direct Pd‐catalyzed C−H coupling, which renders DTPs highly promising building blocks for organophosphorus functional materials.
Potential Targets of Actein Identified by Systems Chemical Biology Methods
Authors: Liao Xuan , Zhang Qing‐Ye , Xu Lei , Zhang Hong‐Yu
Published: December 2019

Actein is the main active ingredient of medicinal plant Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt, which has been reported to have various pharmacological effects, but the mechanism of actein remains undetermined. In this study, systems chemical biology methods were used to predict the targets and elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of actein. First, 54 gene co‐expression modules were obtained by biclustering. Then, the top 1 % agents with the highest regulatory similarity were screened out to be highly functionally similar to actein. Finally, the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed that actein has a stronger interaction with eight targets than original ligands. It suggests that the antipsychotic effect of actein probably occurs by targeting the key residues of the eight receptors, which are compatible with previously reported information. This study not only provides predicted targets of actein, but also a new method for exploring the mechanisms of other natural products in drug discovery.
E‐Bayesian and hierarchical Bayesian estimations for parallel system model in the presence of masked data
Authors: Cai Jing , Shi Yimin , Lin Ting
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we consider the statistical analysis of parallel system with inverse Weibull distributed components. Due to cost and time constraints, the causes of system failures are masked and the type‐II censored observations might occur in the collected data. Under the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, the expected Bayesian (E‐Bayesian) method and the hierarchical Bayesian method are proposed to estimate the parameters, as well as the reliability function. Numerical simulations using the Monte Carlo (MC) method are given to demonstrate the performances of the estimations under different masking levels and effective sample sizes. Finally, one data set is analyzed for illustrative purpose.
Robust congestion control in cognitive radio network using dynamic event‐triggered sliding mode
Authors: Majumder Tirtha , Mishra Rajiv Kumar , Sinha Abhinav , Singh Sudhansu Sekhar , Kumar Sahu Prasanna
Published: December 2019

The ever‐increasing service demand from wireless users under restricted bandwidth necessitates the development of suitable congestion control scheme for throughput maximization. A robust congestion controller design has been addressed in this work to sustain necessary Quality of Service in Cognitive Radio Network. The goal is to reduce packet loss while ensuring optimum utilization of available resources. Sliding mode controller proclaimed for its disturbance rejection capabilities and robustness has been used to design the proposed controller. Using the benefits of sliding mode control, dynamic event‐triggering strategies have been combined for better utilization in resource‐constrained environments. Control execution requires minimal updates while guaranteeing the desired closed‐loop system behavior. The controller efficacy has been validated in simulations.
Metabolism of a new synthetic opioid tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl in fresh isolated human hepatocytes: Detection and confirmation of ring‐opened metabolites
Authors: Kanamori Tatsuyuki , Segawa Hiroki , Yamamuro Tadashi , Kuwayama Kenji , Tsujikawa Kenji , Iwata Yuko T.
Published: December 2019

The metabolism of a new synthetic opioid tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl (THF‐fentanyl) was investigated using fresh human hepatocytes. Fourteen metabolites of THF‐fentanyl, such as tetrahydrofuran ring‐opened metabolites, desphenethylated metabolites, hydroxylated metabolites, and hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites and their glucuronides, were detected in the culture medium of hepatocytes incubated with THF‐fentanyl. Six metabolites, i.e. desphenethylated metabolite, 4′‐hydroxy‐THF‐fentanyl, β‐hydroxy‐THF‐fentanyl, 4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methoxy‐THF‐fentanyl, ring‐opened alcohol metabolite, and ring‐opened carboxylic acid metabolite, were identified via chemically synthesized authentic standards. A ring‐opened alcohol metabolite and a ring‐opened carboxylic acid metabolite are thought to be formed by reduction or oxidation of the intermediate aldehyde, which was formed by ring‐opening of the metabolite hydroxylated at the carbon atom adjacent to the oxygen atom of the tetrahydrofuran ring. A ring‐opened carboxylic acid metabolite was the main metabolite of THF‐fentanyl based on the peak intensity.