bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencias de mujeres campesinas en el conflicto armado y el desarraigo en Tillavá, Colombia = Experiences of the peasant women during the armed conflict and the uprooting in Tillavá, Colombia
Authors: Garcés Diana Paola
Published: July 2019

ResumenEste artículo reflexiona sobre las experiencias de género diferenciales de la guerra y el desarraigo a partir de los relatos de vida de las mujeres campesinas que vivieron el conflicto armado y el desplazamiento forzado en la Inspección de Tillavá, en Colombia. Se recurre a los marcos de análisis de los estudios sobre guerra y desplazamiento forzado y género. Con ello, se pone en evidencia el papel que jugó la violencia sexual en el marco del control social ejercida por los actores armados y se reflexiona sobre las implicaciones de la jefatura femenina en el contexto de la ciudad, donde se visibilizan los contínuums de violencia que viven las mujeres en diferentes escenarios de sus vidas.AbstractThe present article reflects about the gendered experiences in the war and the uprooting from the story telling of the peasant women who lived the armed conflict and the forced displacement in the Tillavá village, in Colombia. We stand from the analysis frameworks of the war, forced displacement and gender studies. With these approaches, was evident the role played by the sexual violence in the social control executed by the armed groups and we proposed a reflection about the female head-household in the context of the city, furthermore, were visible the continuums of violence lived by the women in different scenarios of their lives.
Razones de Género en los feminicidios: elementos objetivos y subjetivos en 5 casos de violencia feminicida en Chiapas = Gender Reasons in feminicide: objective and subjective elements in 5 cases of feminicidal violence in Chiapas
Authors: Luna Blanco Mónica Adriana
Published: July 2019

Resumen Este artículo pretende mostrar la complejidad de acreditar las Razones de Género presentes en la comisión del delito de feminicidio a través del análisis de los elementos que lo tipifican en el Código Penal del estado de Chiapas, México. La discusión se basa en la revisión de 5 expedientes penales de casos cuyas sentencias se dictaron entre los años 2012-2014 y las entrevistas realizadas a feminicidas sentenciados y a familiares de las víctimas. Este trabajo antropológico busca exponer las causas y dinámicas socioculturales que deberían ser consideradas en los procesos judiciales ya que las Razones de Género son elementos subjetivos y objetivos de la violencia cotidiana contra las mujeres, y  por ello su comprensión es fundamental para la impartición de justicia.AbstractThis article aims to show the complexity of accrediting the Gender Reasons found in the commission of the crime of feminicide through the analysis of the elements that typify it in the Penal Code of the State of Chiapas, Mexico. The discussion is based on the review of 5 criminal cases whose sentences were handed down between 2012-2014 and the interviews with sentenced femicide and relatives of the victims. This anthropological work seeks to expose the causes and socio-cultural dynamics that should be considered in judicial processes since Gender Reasons are subjective and objective elements of daily violence against women, and their understanding is fundamental for the delivery of justice.
Medios, género y delito: tramas y sentidos sobre violencia contra las mujeres = Mass Media, gender and crime: wefts and senses about violence against women
Authors: Gil Ana Soledad , Zunino Esteban , Marín Jimena , F. Hasan Valeria , Pizarro Tatiana , Pessolano Daniela , Di Paolo Brenda , Ilardo Ivana Judith , López Julia , Fiochetta Mariano
Published: July 2019

Resumen El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación colectiva que tuvo como propósito analizar, desde una mirada crítica y de género/feminista, narrativas periodísticas, discursos y sentidos en disputa expresados por medios gráficos de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, sobre distintas problemáticas de género como la violencia contra las mujeres. Entre otros hallazgos, a través del análisis cuanti-cualitativo de las construcciones noticiosas, el trabajo revela de qué manera la agenda de los temas de género ha quedado subsumida a la problemática de la violencia de género/femicidios tratada desde el punto de vista policial. La espectacularización a través de diferentes herramientas como la personalización, la descontextualización y la dramatización, se ha convertido en un mecanismo recurrente en la construcción de tales informaciones.AbstractThe article presents the results of a collective research that had the purpose of analyzing, from a critical and gender / feminist perspective, journalistic narratives, discourses and senses in dispute expressed by graphic media of the province of Mendoza, Argentina, on different topics of gender such as violence against women. Among other findings, through the quantitative-qualitative analysis of news constructions, the paper reveals how the agenda of gender topics has been subsumed to the problem of gender violence / femicide treated from the police point of view. The spectacularization, through different tools such as personalization, decontextualization and dramatization, has become a recurrent mechanism in the construction of this information.
Comercio sexual, violencias y responsabilidad estatal: Marco jurídico chileno, ¿garante de derechos o perpetuador de violencias para quienes venden sexo? = Sex work, violences and state responsibility: Chilean legal framework, ¿guarantor of rights or perpetuator of violence for those who sell sex?
Authors: Vera Gutiérrez Marlene
Published: July 2019

ResumenEl comercio sexual se configura como un espacio en el que se circunscriben una serie de violencias. Entre ellas se destacan cuatro focos principales: su construcción histórica como fenómeno socio-económico, los paradigmas teóricos que polarizan la figura de quienes venden servicios sexuales ya sea como víctimas o como mujeres empoderadas, los modelos jurídicos en los que se inserta y, finalmente, la realidad socio-laboral compleja y precaria de esta industria. A partir de esta realidad múltiple y compleja del comercio sexual, se propone analizar el rol que cumple el Estado chileno en su función de garante de derechos y contrastar este aspecto con las violencias que, a través de su mismo maco regulador, infringe a quienes venden sexo.Abstract:The sex work is configured as a space in which a series of violence is circumscribed. Among them, I highlight four main focuses: its historical construction as a socioeconomic phenomenon, the theoretical paradigms that polarize the figure of those who sell sexual services as victims or as empowered women, the legal models in which it is inserted and, finally, the complex and precarious socio-labor reality of this industry. Based on this multiple and complex reality of the sex work, I propose to analyze the role played by the Chilean State in its role as guarantor of rights and to contrast this aspect with the violence that, through its own regulatory framework, infringes upon those who sell sex.
Aproximación discursiva a la construcción de la feminidad en el Concurso Nacional de Belleza de Colombia: 1977-2018 = Discursive approach to the construction of femininity in the Concurso Nacional de Belleza in Colombia: 1977-2018
Authors: Perdomo Colina Hugo Ernesto
Published: July 2019

ResumenEste estudio pretende develar las construcciones de la feminidad en la sociedad colombiana y sus relaciones con los discursos de las participantes en el Concurso Nacional de Belleza. El corpus seleccionado corresponde a las ediciones de la revista Cromos de 1977 a 2018. El marco de análisis se trazó teniendo en cuenta los principios y la perspectiva que propone el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD). Las categorías de análisis se fueron construyendo a partir de una lectura inductiva de los discursos relacionados con los conceptos asociados a la variable feminidad. Los resultados muestran que la construcción del modelo de feminidad de la mujer colombiana responde en gran medida a las elaboraciones discursivas que Cromos ha divulgado sobre los estereotipos de las reinas de belleza.AbstractThis study aims to reveal the constructions of femininity in Colombian society and its relations with the discourses of the participants in the National Beauty Contest. The selected corpus corresponds to the editions of the Cromos magazine from 1977 to 2018. The analysis framework was drawn up taking into account the principles and perspective proposed by the Critical Discourse Analysis (ACD). The categories of analysis were constructed from an inductive reading of the discourses related to the concepts associated with the variable femininity. The results show that the construction of the femininity model of Colombian women responds to a great extent to the discursive elaborations that Cromos has divulged about the stereotypes of beauty queens.
La racionalidad detrás de la violencia contra las mujeres universitarias en México = The rationality behind violence against university women in Mexico
Authors: Briseño Maas Maria Leticia
Published: July 2019

ResumenEl objetivo del artículo es analizar las formas en las que la violencia en contra de las mujeres opera sistemáticamente como un proceso al interior de los espacios universitarios para estructurar un ordenamiento racional, capaz de producir situaciones “normalizadas” que nos permiten explicar su reiteración y funcionamiento como una problemática oculta a la percepción. La racionalidad detrás de esta violencia adquiere formas específicas, mostrando su rostro más crudo en mujeres pertenecientes a la población denominada “vulnerable” en condiciones de pobreza y desigualdad. Los argumentos de este trabajo se sustentan en los testimonios y experiencias de un estudio realizado con estudiantes de una universidad pública del sureste mexicano.AbstractThe objective is to analyze the ways in which violence against women operates systematically as a process within university spaces to structure a rational order, capable of producing “normalized” situations that allow us to explain their repetition and functioning as a hidden problem of our perception. The rationality behind this violence acquires specific forms, showing its raw face in women belonging to the population called “vulnerable” in conditions of poverty and inequality. The arguments of this work are based on the testimonies and experiences of a study conducted with students of a public university in southern Mexico.
Violência doméstica, binómio cultural honra-vergonha e controlo de mulheres: uma análise de processos de (pós)divórcio = Domestic violence, honor-shame cultural binomial and control on women: analysis of (post)divorce processes
Authors: Silva Manuel Carlos
Published: July 2019

ResumoNeste artigo o autor, partindo de conclusões de várias pesquisas, incluindo uma por si coordenada, sobre desigualdades de género, focaliza o olhar sobre o fenómeno de violência doméstica, em particular, sobre as mulheres, considerando o nível socio-estrutural, organizacional-institucional e interativo. Uma vez problematizado o fenómeno e feita breve revisitação teórica sobre desigualdades de género, é convocado para análise da violência sobre as mulheres o binómio honra-vergonha, situando-o não tanto ao nível cultural mas mais ao nível do poder, do controlo de mulheres nas dimensões sexual e patrimonial. Para ilustrar este fenómeno é feita uma análise sociológica de 400 processos judiciais de (pós)divórcio, recolhidos em dez comarcas e Tribunais de Menores no Centro, Sul e sobretudo Norte de Portugal continental.AbstractIn this article the author, based on conclusions of several researches, including one coordinated by himself, on gender inequalities, focuses on the phenomenon of domestic violence, in particular against women at societal, organisational-institutional and interactive levels. Once problematised this social fact and made brief theoretical review on gender inequalities, is summoned to analysis of violence against women the honor-shame binomial, not so much in cultural terms but as a power relationship namely on control of women at sexual and patrimonial dimensions. To illustrate this phenomenon is made a sociological analysis of 400 postdivorce processes, collected in counties and courts in the Center, South and especially North of mainland Portugal.
Libertad de cátedra y democracia en la educación colombiana
Authors: Acosta Henry Bocanegra
Published: July 2019

La educación es una actividad social organizada desde las propias singularidades históricas, los requerimientos colectivos y la producción de cada pueblo o nación. Sirve, a la luz de ciertas narrativas progresistas, como un instrumento de democratización, equidad y progreso individual y colectivo. Esto hace necesario afianzar esa relación que, en puntos clave como la financiación y el respeto a la libertad de cátedra, debe darse entre la sociedad, el Estado y las instituciones educativas bajo la perspectiva de avanzar en materia de pertinencia curricular, acceso, calidad, democracia, trasparencia e impacto social, para contribuir al desarrollo de la capacidad humana de la población y los trabajadores, a la defensa de la producción nacional, a la democratización de la propiedad sobre la tierra, a la derrota de las mafias y de la corrupción administrativa y, en general, a garantizar el avance de la democracia, vista en su dimensión política y económica.
Reconocimiento normativo y diferencias entre el asilo diplomático, asilo territorial y refugio en la opinión consultiva OC-25/18 de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Molina Conzué Diego Andrés
Published: July 2019

This comment focuses its study on Advisory Opinion OC-25/18 of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. In it, the Court distinguishes between three types of figures included in the institution of asylum: diplomatic asylum, territorial asylum and refuge. Said figures, in the opinion of the Court, present particular characteristics, not all of which are covered by the Convention, in regard to the right to seek and receive refuge, which does not occur with respect to the principle of non-refoulement.
El difícil encuadre del asilo diplomático como derecho humano. A propósito de la opinión consultiva número 25 de la Corte Interamericana
Authors: Arlettaz Fernando
Published: July 2019

In its advisory opinion number 25, adopted at the request of Ecuador, the Inter-American Court returns to the issue of asylum, which it had already addressed in previous pronouncements. The Court insists on the problematic idea that the American Convention and the American Declaration consecrate an individual right to receive asylum. Moreover, according to the Court, although that right does not include diplomatic asylum, States must refrain from handing over asylum applicants when there is a risk to their life or liberty. However, it is not clear what the obligations of the territorial State are when another State refuses to hand over or grants diplomatic asylum to an individual.
Entre las fisuras y el complejo encaje del “asilo diplomático” en el contexto europeo: anverso y reverso
Authors: La Spina Encarnación
Published: July 2019

Diplomatic asylum is a form of international protection whose legal nature has been widely debated. On the one hand, because it is a customary practice with a heterogeneous conventional recognition in the inter-American system and, on the other hand, it has a difficult fit in the common European asylum system. Despite its historical reminiscences, in both geographical latitudes, diplomatic asylum could become a window of opportunity in the face of European fissures of international protection mechanisms in cases of humanitarian emergency. Based on this premise, this article attempts to analyse the peculiarities and differences between diplomatic asylum and other falsely related figures, and thus critically explore the opportunities and limits that it would represent in the common European asylum system itself.
GENERALIZED ONTOLOGICAL MODEL OF CONTROL IN THE CONCEPT OF SOCIO-CYBERPHYSICAL SYSTEM
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikoni S.
Published: July 2019

A distinctive feature of modern complex systems, called cyber-physical systems, is the combination of objects of different nature. In terms of the composition of the control functions, these systems are equal to the control functions of a human operator, which is an integral part of socio-cyber-physical systems. These circumstances required a generalization of the concepts used in the control and management of technical and organizational objects. The creation of a generalized system of control concepts also demanded clarification of the connections between control concepts. The paper contains a systematic and linguistic analysis of key control concepts formulated earlier in the collection of recommended terms. The four valences of the verb “control”, necessary for the construction of a generalized definition of the concept of control, are defined. These valences constituted the basic structure of the ontological model of control definition. It is presented in the form of a heterogeneous semantic network, which, along with the essential features of the definition, includes the generalized properties of the object and the subject of management. They are stability and perseverance, respectively. Generalized essential features of the definition are proposed to be considered as variables of a linguistic formula. When a species control concept is generated from it, such as quality management, each variable is assigned the meaning of a corresponding subject domain. Such a method of giving birth to species-specific management concepts ensures the consistency of their definitions. Having accepted the definitions of the basic concepts of the subject domain for the axioms, by phasing out the essential features, you can expand them into the terminological system of the subject domain.
ONTOLOGICAL ENGINEERING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR THREATS ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF CYBERSECURITY IN ENERGY FACILITIES
Authors:   Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Massel A. , Gaskova D. ,   Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2019

The article describes the main results of applying ontological engineering in the development of the intelligent system for threats analysis and risk assessment of cybersecurity violations in energy facilities. The ontological knowledge space for the problem area of risk assessment has been built, comprising identification, analysis and evaluation of the risk of cybersecurity incidents that can cause extreme situations in the energy sector. The paper highlights the intellectual system architecture being developed and tasks for which the ontological engineering was carried out. The ontological knowledge space is represented as combining ontology subsystems, the development of which is carried out for each block of the intelligent system. The authors provide ontologies that reflect the basic concepts of cybersecurity, including current threats in the energy sector, risk classification and components of the emergency situation scenario in the energy sector. The produced ontologies allowed to integrate the concepts of the main research areas, including energy security, cybersecurity, scenario planning, and risk management. We used methods of system analysis, methodological foundations for building intelligent information systems in energy research, methods for supporting decision-making, methods of knowledge engineering, methods of semantic modeling, including ontological engineering. The novelty of the work is in the structuring of expert knowledge and the construction of the ontological knowledge space, which is used to develop an intelligent system for analyzing threats and assessing the risks to the cybersecurity of energy facilities.
FORMS FOR CALCULATION OF UNIVERSAL COEFFICIENTS WHEN ADOPTING MULTIPLE CRITICAL DECISIONS
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University (Samara branch), Piyavsky S.
Published: July 2019

The problem of multi-criteria choice is a key element in making complex decisions. A number of methods have been proposed that suggest that decisions made with their use are the most rational. Their main element is the linear convolution of particular criteria, and the difference is in those or other heuristic or expert methods for specifying the numerical coefficients of the relative importance of the criteria. Previously, the author developed an approach that allows the use of pre-calculated universal tables of numerical coefficients of importance of particular criteria when forming a linear convolution. It significantly reduces both the laboriousness of the decision-making process and the inevitable subjectivity that arises during the heuristic selection or expert assignment of coefficients of importance. At the same time, the Monte-Carlo method was used for the calculation, which, in event of with a large number of criteria, created significant computational difficulties due to the lack of accuracy of the random number generator and the avalanche-like increase in the amount of computation. In this article, we managed to derive exact formulas for calculating universal importance coefficients. They are based on the so-called numerological approach, summarizing the patterns that emerged in the analysis of a number of tables of universal coefficients calculated by the statistical method. The formulas obtained allowed, in particular, the use of universal coefficients of importance of criteria in problems with any number of criteria, even without special software, which will contribute to the expansion of the scale of application of scientifically-based methods for making decisions.
Wyrafinowany koncept. O miejscu [Królewny Lali] Adama Mickiewicza w historii literatury
Authors: Szczeglacka-Pawłowska Ewa
Published: July 2019

The article attempts to define the place of Adam Mickiewicz’s unfinished work from the last stage of the poet’s artistic life, titled [Królewna Lala] [Princess Lala], in the history of literature, and thus in the history of literary research, and to outline the possible interpretations of the work using the category of Romantic irony and the idea of concept. A fine artistic idea behind [Królewna Lala] consists in using complex contrasts, combining fairy tale with realism, seriousness with comedy, simplicity of language with poetic mastery, dialogue with literary tradition. It is a virtuoso performance of the writer who creates a comic effect that is closer to the poetics of the absurd (pure nonsense) than to pure comedy. The work reveals a new aesthetic quality, unknown to Mickiewicz’s earlier works.
Henryk Bekker (Chaim Beker) – żydowski architekt międzywojennego Lublina. In memoriam
Authors: Żywicki Jerzy
Published: July 2019

The publications to date have characterized Henryk Bekker (1886-1942) as a political and self-government activist and President of the Council of the Jewish Religious Community. None of them has yet discussed his activities in the field of construction and architecture. He was born in Białystok as Chaim Beker, presumably in a family of assimilated Jews who often “Polonized” their first and last names. It is probably for that reason that in the later years of his life he was known as Henryk Bekker. From 1906 he studied in Munich at the Königlich Bayerische Technische Hochschule, where he received a degree of Construction Engineer in 1911. Little is known about his life during the next dozen or so years except that he married a Lublin resident Helena Zynger and stayed with her in eastern Ukraine, where their daughter Irena was born in 1918. Somewhere at the beginning of 1922 the Bekker family came to Lublin and took up their residence at Bernardyńska St. no. 24/3. In Lublin H. Bekker worked as a freelance construction engineer. The current state of research makes it possible to connect his architectural and construction work with 27 construction designs, mostly commissioned by Jewish investors. They comprise buildings of different status, size and architectural value. He executed the projects in Lublin and the Lublin region: these included large tenement houses and tenement annexes, schools, ritual bathhouses, shops, craftsmen’s workshops, small industrial plants and waterworks/sewage installations. Among the buildings distinguished by both the size scale and the architectural level, we should mention the constructions in Lublin, including two buildings built for the Jewish Cooperative Housing Association “Spółdom” (at Probostwo St. no. 19 and Wieniawska St. no. 6), tenement houses at Okopowa St. no. 10, Krótka St. no. 4 and Ogrodowa St. no. 19 and the Perec House. Those buildings were associated with the trend of modernism. Their architecture was characterized by simplified building bodies, functional interior solutions, and reduction of decorative detail. Although none of them displayed any special avant-garde forms or avant-garde technical solutions, they all contributed to the modernization of the architecture of interwar Lublin.
Contribuições e desafios do enfermeiro supervisor na formação acadêmica de enfermagem em contexto hospitalar
Authors: Amaral Gabriella Sorgatto do , Scherer Magda Duarte dos Anjos , Trindade Letícia de Lima
Published: July 2019

Objetivou-se compreender as contribuições e desafios dos enfermeiros supervisores na formação acadêmica de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizando em um hospital de ensino no Brasil. Foram realizadas observações e três sessões de grupo focal com enfermeiros assistenciais, enfermeiros gestores e acadêmicos de enfermagem, sendo os achados submetidos à análise de conteúdo e o projeto aprovado em comitê de ética em pesquisa. Identificou-se a importância da integração ensino-serviço para a formação em saúde, especialmente da Enfermagem; os desafios pelo acúmulo de funções do enfermeiro supervisor e de tarefas para os estudantes, bem como os limites postos na inserção do acadêmico no cenário assistencial. Integrar a pesquisa ao ensino, gestão e assistência, desenvolver protocolos para orientar o estágio, institucionalizar a educação permanente, melhorar o planejamento da entrada dos discentes, estruturar uma disciplina na graduação sobre técnicas de ensino, poderiam ser estratégias a facilitar a qualificação do estágio em enfermagem.
Dimensão singular da atividade dos trabalhadores da saúde: revisitando o desastre da Região Serrana
Authors: Oliveira Simone Santos , Portella Sergio
Published: July 2019

Mudanças socioambientais, surtos, epidemias, eventos extremos, que são fenômenos cada vez mais frequentes, acabam por exigir novas dinâmicas e práticas de trabalho. Para dar conta dessa realidade, os trabalhadores da saúde (TS) precisam dominar novos conhecimentos, associados à compreensão do contexto e a um forte comprometimento social. Sublinhamos que desastres sobrecarregam sistemas de saúde, excedendo sua capacidade de resposta. Quando ocorrem, os TS atuam em uma realidade de perdas abruptas e intensas, em curto espaço de tempo. À luz dessa perspectiva buscamos resgatar a vivência dos TS no desastre da região serrana. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, com base no Dispositivo Dinâmico de Três Polos (DD3P) proposto pela ergologia. A dialogia promovida pelo DD3P evidenciou que o grande desafio para os TS é presenciar a ruptura da vida de outros, que se complexifica, pois muitos dos trabalhadores foram afetados também. Os conflitos de normas, no encontro entre equipes locais e de fora - que agem de maneira autoritária, atropelando as relações estabelecidas no território -, ao não reconhecerem os esforços-limite realizados, ignoram as entidades coletivas que se formaram de maneira inesperada. O desrespeito às fragilidades situadas promove choques e amplia o uso do corpo-si dos profissionais. O DD3P facilita a troca de saberes, especialmente nessas situações extremas em que se tem uma ausência de normas combinada com excesso de normas gerando conflitos. A reconstrução dos saberes da experiência deve ser valorizada para ampliação da reserva de alternativas na resolução de problemas e desenvolvimento de competências para o trabalho em emergências e desastres.
Reconfiguração do horário de trabalho para turnos de 12h: que impactos na saúde?
Authors: Cunha Liliana , Silva Daniel , Santos Marta , Pereira Cláudia , Lacomblez Marianne
Published: July 2019

Num contexto normativo que amplia a margem para configuração dehorários de trabalho ao abrigo de um “regime de adaptabilidade”, acentua-se o debate sobre os turnos de 12h, em virtude de uma conjuntura que mobiliza mais trabalhadores para tais horários, bem como das evidências de impactos na saúde. A partir da análise da mudança de um horário 3x8h para 2x12h numa empresa portuguesa, este estudo explora os fatores e condições considerados de risco agravado em jornadas de 12h. Os resultados revelam que os trabalhadores, no confronto com os constrangimentos do trabalho nestes horários, constroem estratégias de preservação de si e do coletivo, ainda que estas estratégias comportem custos para a saúde. A ponderação (no imediato e a longo prazo) que cada trabalhador faz sobre a sustentabilidade do trabalho em 12h convoca, simultaneamente, para debate: as especificidades do conteúdo de trabalho, a fase do percurso profissional e as suas exigências concretas, e os imperativos de conciliação com a vida fora do trabalho.
Coanálise do trabalho em uma UTI pediátrica: relato de experiência de construção de um dispositivo ergológico
Authors: Christo Cirlene de Souza , Syrio Lilian Landim , Prado Nathália Silva
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo discutem-se os resultados de uma experiência de intervenção realizada em ação de extensão universitária em um hospital pediátrico da rede pública de saúde, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A problemática demandada para análise foi o sofrimento psíquico relacionável ao trabalho em UTI. Com base nos referenciais da Ergologia, procedeu-se à construção de um dispositivo de intervenção, denominado Encontros sobre o Trabalho, com vistas à coanálise e transformação das condições e organização do trabalho no sentido da promoção da saúde dos trabalhadores. Identificam-se algumas regras de ofício e estratégias produzidas pelos profissionais individual e coletivamente. Tecem-se considerações sobre o processo de construção, as dificuldades de operacionalização e potencialidades do dispositivo construído.
Changes in the functional state of the vascular endothelium in young athletes of varying skill levels
Authors: Bershova Tatyana V. , Bakanov M. I. , Smirnov I. E. , Sanfirova V. M. , Korneeva I. T. , Polyakov S. D. , Solov'eva Yu. V.
Published: July 2019

Recent studies indicate to the special importance of endothelial function (EF) in processes of the regulation of blood circulation. There are presented data on the influence of physical loads on changes in EF on the basis of analysis of the changes of serum content of angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP, thrombospondin and endothelin in young swimmers of various sports skill levels. During training activities and with gain in sports skill levels in young athletes there was found that a significant increment of the concentration of mentioned regulators may be a response to intense exercises indicating to active participation of endothelial vasculature of the growing body in a physiological mechanisms of adaptation to physical loads in children.
On the new sanitary rules for schools, teaching children with disabilities
Authors: Stepanova M. I. , Voronova B. Z. , Shumkova T. V.
Published: July 2019

In the article there is presented an overview of health legislation regulating the work of schools for education of children with disabilities. There are considered modern sanitary and epidemiological requirements, which define a safe learning environment for children. The organization of the educational activities is shown to be obliged to take into account features of psychophysical development, individual possibilities and a state of health of pupils with disabilities. Training classes are available only in the first shift on a 5-days school week, starting not earlier than 8 hours. There are given recommendations on the organization of a day regimen of children with limited abilities of health in day and day and night their stay in school.
Optimization of the work of the nursing personnel in polyclinics of the city of Moscow in new conditions
Authors: Modestov Arseniy A. , Spivak I. M. , Dyagilev I. V. , Sandakov Ya. P. , Biryukova E. G. , Oreshina M. L.
Published: July 2019

There are presented data of the questionnaire survey of nurses ofpolyclinics participating in the program of reorganization "Moscow Polyclinic’s standard", and their reactions to new working conditions. For the identification of the resources for optimization of nursing staff there were interviewed 82 nurses working in the program "Moscow Polyclinic’s standard" and 40 pediatric nurses working in the same medical institution, but not participating in the program. The reorganization in the process of the implementation of the mentioned program was established to be positively received by nursing staff, which has a high awareness of change and motivational readiness to work in new conditions. There were revealed problem zones: insufficient competence in the part ofpatronage of the population with impaired mobility, of duty in the control room service call a doctor at home, limitation of opportunities for professional and career growth, and enhancement of the prestige of the profession. In this pediatric nurses were interested in the ongoing organizational changes, but in the majority they did not support them.
Motion sickness in children and adolescents: pathogenesis, symptoms, profylaxis and treatment (literature review)
Authors: Lilenko Sergei V.
Published: July 2019

There are presented data concerning terminology, pathogenesis, semiology, (complaints, signs), prevention and management of symptom complex of motion sickness and kinetosis. These issues are depicted in the framework of the review of special literature. There is accentuated the importance and possibilities of the solution of this problem in pediatric practice. There are described data related to the development of neuroautonomic symptom complex during road trip and the use of visual informational technologies. The concepts of the "state after the motion sickness" is reported. There are considered mechanisms and examples of sensory conflict during rocking (as well canal-otolith as visual-vestibular mismatch). There are described mechanisms of the action of antinaupathic drugs. There are drilled down issues of the pharmacological prevention and treatment with the use of dimenhydrinate in the combination therapy of motion sickness.
Efficiency of diet therapy in the treatment of idiopathic hypercalcuria in children
Authors: Mikheeva Nataliya M. , Zverev Ya. F. , Vykhodtseva G. I. , Lobanov Yu. F.
Published: July 2019

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) is referred to a common metabolic disorders and considered to be the one of the main reasons for the development of nephrolithiasis. The aim of the study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of such adequate diet for the use in IHC children. Materials and Methods. The study included 44 children aged from 1 year to 14 years (10 boys and 34 girls, mean age: 5,1 ± 0,4 years) with revealed IHC at the level when calcium/creatinine ratio exceeded 0.6 mmol/mmol at normal levels of calcium and PTH in the blood plasma. Children with diagnosed ICH were prescribed a low sodium and high potassium diet with increased fluid intake for 3 months without additional medication. Results. Against the background of diet therapy 55,6% of children (10 people) reported a decrease in the face pastosity. In 10 out of 13 children (76,9%) with the previous oliguria the daily amount of urine increased significantly, which was accompanied by a decrease in urine specific gravity. Dysuric disorders were eliminated in 4 patients. In 3 months hematuria was not detected in the analysis of urine in 5 (50%) of children. Among the children who had a combination of some clinical and laboratory signs of the IHC, the complete elimination occurred in 71% of cases. The value of calcium/ creatinine ratio was normalized in 26 (59%) patients. Conclusion. Thus, the use of a diet with low sodium and elevated potassium content in conjunction with the increase in volume of consumed liquid within 3 months promotes both the disappearance of symptoms of IHC and normalization of calcium excretion in over 50% of children without prescription ofpharmaceuticals.
Features of changes in the quality of life in cystic fibrosis patients against the background of its effective treatment
Authors: Samsonova Marina S. , Simonova O. I. , Vinyarskaya I. V. , Gorinova Yu. V. , Chernikov V. V.
Published: July 2019

For the determination of characteristics of LQ ofpatients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and evaluation of the efficacy of the management there was used Health Utilities Index (HUI) questionnaire. The study involved 99 CF patients at the age of from 5 to 18 years. The comparison group - 102 conditionally healthy peers of the same age. All children underwent to a comprehensive medical examination and treatment. LQ assessment was carried with the aid of the HUI questionnaire. CF patients were found to have a significant decline in overall LQ in 84,8% of cases in comparison with their healthy peers. Analysis of the «way of life cohort» showed the fall in multiattribute utility indices in children at the age of 6.12 and 16 years. There was also noted a pronounced decline of indices on attributes: «pain» in 55,6%, «emotions» - in 65,6% and the «self-care» - in 20,2% of cases. Factors significantly affecting on LQ of CF patients were established to be: the presence of homozygous or heterozygous delta F508 mutation, disturbances of the respiratory function and malnutrition, which contributed to a decrease as in the overall index as well in specific aspects of LQ. Against the background of the management during the one hospitalization there was noted the positive dynamics due to the gain in the index of the emotional background. A similar situation was revealed after 6 months in re-hospitalization. Pronounced positive dynamics was noted after the management of patients with severe course of the disease, the worst values of radiological indices and a decline in FEV1 indices. The authors believe the study of LQ of CF patients to be important not only for the evaluation of the impact of the disease on the patient’s LQ, but also for the determination of the efficacy of the management.
Availability and quality of medical care to children according to estimates of their parents
Authors: Shmelyov I. A. , Konovalov Oleg E.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Process of reforming of health care causes the need of the use of medico-sociological methods for the analysis of efficiency of medical care and search of ways of its improvement. There are presented data of Estimation of Parental Valuation of the quality and availability of the out-patient and polyclinic care for children. Materials and methods. The questionnaire survey of 478 lawful representatives of minor patients (residents of the samara region) was performed. Results. Respondents in general were established to give a positive assessment to the assurance of the quality of medical care for their children: relationships with the doctor were characterized by high degree of trust, attentive and respect, full understanding of problems of the patient from the medical personnel. Among the positive aspects the survey participants pointed out the possibility of obtaining expert assistance, free care, and certain availability, the possibility of the contact with a doctor as needed. The lack of a variety of specialists, safeguarding the confidentiality of the information, scarcity of medicines, and poor organization of rehabilitation are negatively perceived by parents. Parents see the achieving high quality of care in the improvement in working conditions for medical staff (including financial stimulation of employees) and increasing of the professionalism of doctors. Conclusion. Primary out-patient and polyclinic care for the children’s population in general is highly appreciated by parents enough as quite corresponds to individual needs of patients and in most cases helps to cope with their problems. Inconstancy of the level of satisfaction characterizing the quality of medical care determines the need of its regular monitoring. Information on the quality and availability of the out-patient and polyclinic care can be used in forming regional programs of the prevention of noninfectious diseases among the children’s population.
Identification of different shapes and localizations of tuberculosis in children of different ages: the role of screening examination
Authors: Mordyk A. V. , Turitsa A. A. , Kondrya A. V. , Aroyan Anna R. , Tsygankova E. A.
Published: July 2019

There was performed an analysis of the age structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis in children aged from 0 to 14 years. The most favorable structure of clinicalforms in children ofpreschool age was established to be characterized by absolute predominance of tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (TILN), the minimum number of complications and generalized processes. The greatest number of the diseasedfor the 25-year period of observation was consisted of children ofprimary school age. The main method of detection of tuberculosis in children remained to be screening annual examination with the use of Mantoux test with 2 ТЕ PPD-L, in this way there were revealed 48% of all tuberculosis cases in children and 63,9% of cases of TILN. Extrapulmonary and generalized tuberculosis more frequently was revealed at the request for medical care and on contact, tuberculosis of the urinary system in 39,5% was revealed during examination of risk groups.
Harmonization of European and Russian standards of evaluation of the quality of delivery of health care in educational organizations
Authors: Kuchma V. R. , Sokolova Svetlana B.
Published: July 2019

Harmonization of European and Russian standards of the quality of the delivery of school health services and competencies for school health professionals allowed to justify the concept of the evaluation of the quality of the delivery of medical help to students in educational institutions. The concept does not prescribe a concrete methodfor the organizing school health services, unified process of the activity of health professionals. The concept consists of 7 groups of indices of quality and competences of health care workers. Quality criteria include the presence of a regulatory framework, indices of benevolence towards children, social equity and access to health care for students, requirements for premises, equipment of medical rooms in schools, cooperation with the administration and teachers of schools, parents and children, the medical community, the requirements for health care workers, a minimum list of services, covering both population and individual needs of students, the secure storage, the management and use ofpersonal medical data of children and adolescents. The competences of the staff of medical units are determined by provided medical services and technologies of the work. Properly medical competences of workers of medical care units for the delivery of medical aid to students are contributed by willingness to ensure the rights of children in the process of health care delivery in the educational organization, skills in the field of communication, sharing of information with children, parents and teachers, cooperation with colleagues, planning and coordination of the organization of medical care, the provision of sanitary epidemiological well-being of students, informational-elucidative activity for shaping of healthy lifestyle, research activity. Concept is the basis of the algorithm of the evaluation of the quality of the delivery of medical aid to students and quality assessment technology as well by medical organizations and institutions, as in the form of an independent audit of the quality of the delivery of medical aid to students in educational institutions.
Development of a system of indices of the efficacy of the performance of general outpatient department of "Children's Clinical Medical Center" of the city of Chita
Authors: Chuprova Tatyana A. , Bisharova G. I.
Published: July 2019

One of the most effective and popular tools in the world of strategic management of the organization is the Balanced Scorecard, which increases the capability to achieve the strategic objectives and provides an integrated work of the organization. There is considered the classical rational structure of the working activity of the department in the context of prospects for 4 - finances, cases, internal processes, training and development. There are developed key indices of the efficacy and established their aimed values. The developed system of indices of the efficacy of the work of the Department will allow to detail the aims of operational and personal levels, and as a consequence to improve the efficacy of the management of health facility.
Modern technologies of ultrasound diagnostics of cirrhosis in chronic liver diseases in children
Authors: Dvoryakovskiy I. V. , Ivleva S. A. , Dvoryakovskaya Galina M. , Surkov A. N. , Potapov A. S. , Smirnov I. E.
Published: July 2019

By methods of ultrasound (US) diagnostics there were examined 177 children at the age offrom 2 months to 17 years, with liver cirrhosis (LC) in the outcome of chronic hepatitis (CH) of various etiologies. It was found that, irrespective of the etiological factor there is noted a large number of general ultrasound characters typical for stages of the formation of the LC: «streaking» of the hepatic image, cirrhotic nodes, splenomegaly and signs ofportal hypertension. The rate of the formation of LC was analyzed in dependence on the etiological factor. It was established that often, and in a short time LS develops in the outcome of CHD, autoimmune hepatitis and cryptogenic chronic hepatitis. In the examination of 135 children there were included invasive (biopsy) and non-invasive ultrasound methodologies for the quantitative assessment of the liver parenchyma structure: Acoustic Structure Quantification (ASQ) and Transient elastography (TEP). Based on a comparative analysis of US and morphological data SP values> 2.77 and elasticity> 13.90 were established to indicate LC (F4) according to METAVIR system. There were established additional diagnostic criteria for the assessment of the severity of the state of LC patients: density index (DI) increased significantly as far as the disease progresses. The use of non-invasive techniques dramatically expands the diagnostic capabilities of a traditional ultrasound examination of the liver.