bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Operators with NEAT for Boolean Composition in Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Esterhuysen Amir , James Steven , Tasse Geraud Nangue , Rosman Benjamin , Shock Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Skill composition is a growing area of interest within reinforcement learningresearch. This approach promotes efficient use of knowledge and represents arealistic, human-like style of learning. Existing work has demonstrated how simple skills can be composed using Boolean operators to solve new, unseen taskswithout further learning. However, this approach assumes that the learned value functions for each atomic skill are optimal, an assumption which is violated in most practical cases. We propose a method that instead learns operators forcomposition using evolutionary strategies. We empirically verify our approach in tabular and high-dimensional environments. Results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing composition methods when faced with learned,suboptimal behaviours, while also promoting robust agents and allowing for transfer between domains.
Cátedra de la paz desde una perspectiva feminista. Herramientas para un pregrado en derecho
Authors:   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Cardona Zuleta Elvigia
Published: November 2024

Esta obra propone la integración de los feminismos para la comprensión y puesta en marcha de la cátedra de paz en un pregrado de Derecho. Reflexiones que han de ser re-contextualizadas, re-diseñadas y re-creadas a la luz de las experiencias vitales de quienes estamos comprometidos con este sueño colectivo por una sociedad justa y equitativa. A modo de provocación, se presentan herra- mientas conceptuales y didácticas sencillas para abordar la cátedra de la paz desde la perspectiva de género y la aproximación a conceptos como paz, paces, cultura de paz y construcción de paz que encierran una pregunta por el lugar que ocupan las mujeres. De igual forma, el costo de la guerra para las mujeres, la urgencia de reconocer/respetar sus derechos, la verdad, la memoria, la sanación y el seguimiento de medidas afirmativas del Acuerdo de Paz como una responsabilidad ética-política derivada de nuestro compromiso ciudadano por alcanzar la paz.
The Effect of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate on Surgical Third Molar Extraction using Pain, Trismus, Oedema, and Quality of Life as Parameters: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aljohani Marwan H
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Lower third molar extractions are a common surgical procedure that can lead to post-operative complications such as trismus, discomfort, and swelling. One of the several corticosteroids frequently used to treat these issues is dexamethasone. This study aimed to assess the effects of submucosal and intramuscular injections of dexamethasone sodium phosphate on postoperative outcomes after surgical lower third molar extraction.

Materials and Methods

A total of 90 people were randomly allocated to one of three groups: submucosal dexamethasone (8 mg/2ml), intramuscular dexamethasone (8 mg/2ml), and a control group. Participants were evaluated for mouth opening, pain (Visual Analog Scale), oedema, and oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14 Arabic) on the day of surgery and the third and seventh post-operative days.

Results

In comparison to the control group, the intramuscular dexamethasone groups showed noticeably improved results in terms of mouth opening, pain thresholds, and oedema measurements. On the seventh post-operative day, the intramuscular dexamethasone group demonstrated higher gains in mouth opening and reduced pain scores and oedema measurements.

Conclusion

Regardless of the method, administering dexamethasone effectively lowers post-operative problems after the lower third molar extraction, but an overall decrease in oral health and quality of life was observed. Submucosal delivery of dexamethasone can be a good alternative, even though intramuscular delivery may be somewhat more effective in some cases. These data support the use of dexamethasone as an effective adjuvant therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Estimation of Biofilm Components and Prevalence of SDR Genes among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Anbar Hospitals
Authors: Almaadhidy Rafal Abdul Khaliq Juma , Lateef Al Meani Safaa Abed
Published: November 2024

Background

Nosocomial infections, a major health problem, are due at 80% to biofilm‐associated infection. Staphylococcus aureus, a prominent biofilm producer, has both MRSA and MSSA biofilm-forming capabilities that highlight its persistence in hospital environments. In previous studies, less focus was given to the components of the biofilms. Therefore, understanding biofilm composition has become crucial.

Objective

In this study, the components in the biofilm matrix in MRSA and MSSA isolates were estimated, and the prevalence of sdr genes (sdrC,sdrD,sdrE) among S. aureus strains was investigated.

Methods

Between September, 2023 and January, 2024, a total of 200 specimens were collected from patients with suspected Staphylococcus aureus infections. Eighty-two isolates were identified as S. aureus from various sources, including wounds, nasal swabs, ear swabs, and blood, based on macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular properties. Biofilms were subjected to DNase and proteinase K treatment in order to identify their biochemical composition. Multiplex PCR was used to determine the distribution of sdr genes among isolates.

Results

The average reduction after treatment with proteinase K in MSSA biofilms (29.67±16.62) was significantly lower than in MRSA biofilms (46.21±26.33, p=0.032). Also, when treated with DNase, MRSA biofilms showed a greater average reduction (49.65±25.30) compared to MSSA biofilms (28.71±20.98, p=0.006). MRSA and MSSA biofilms also had different polysaccharide concentrations, with MSSA biofilms having significantly higher levels (206.86±82.92 μM/OD595) than MRSA biofilms (85.80±32.52 μM/OD595, p=0.005). The sdrC gene was most common in the gene profiles of MRSA (100%) and MSSA (50%). There was a strong association between the presence of the sdrD gene and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the biofilms of MRSA isolates are largely composed of proteins and eDNA, while MSSA isolates rely on polysaccharides in their biofilms. The results indicate the importance of proteins encoded by SDR genes in the development of biofilm structure.
Travel Time Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms: Focusing on k-NN, LSTM, and Transformer
Authors: Jang Jinhwan
Published: November 2024

Background

Travel time prediction is fundamentally important in advanced traveler information systems. Particularly, in the Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) traffic information system targeted by this study, travel times are obtained after vehicles terminate trips on the route, indicating that a time-lag phenomenon is inevitable. Therefore, travel time prediction is even more emphasized in DSRC systems. With advances in artificial intelligence technologies, many new machine learning algorithms have recently been introduced.

Methods

In this study, three machine learning algorithms—k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Transformer—were applied to predict travel times collected on a DSRC-equipped national highway. Travel time outliers caused by entry and exit maneuvers at intersections were filtered using a robust outlier treatment algorithm.

Results

From applying the prediction algorithms, errors of 12.4%, 11.7%, and 10.3% were revealed for k-NN, LSTM, and Transformer, respectively. To identify the statistical significance of the differences in prediction performance, paired t-tests were performed. Consequently, all the differences between the algorithms were proven to be statistically significant. The differences in performance were found to be generally more significant under congested conditions compared to uncongested conditions.

Conclusion

The enhanced reliability of real-time travel time information can increase the effectiveness of DSRC traffic information systems by encouraging drivers to divert from congested routes or adjust their trip schedules to less congested periods.
De 'Valsche Prophetesse' Tanneke Denijs. Karaktermoord en profetische rivaliteit in de geschriften van Antoinette Bourignon
Authors: Rijnberg Christian
Published: November 2024

Gedurende de zeventiende eeuw zag de profetes Antoinette Bourignon een belangrijke rivaal in schrijfster en mystica Tanneke Denijs. Ondanks haar 'oecumenische' christelijke boodschap, trachtte Bourignon om Denijs' reputatie onherroepelijk te beschadigen middels een bewuste poging tot karaktermoord. Door zich zodoende van haar belangrijkste vrouwelijke rivaal te ontdoen, hoopte zij haar eigen aanspraak op de exclusieve positie van Gods uitverkoren profetes op aarde te verdedigen.
Opuntia eruca, una especie nueva de Cactaceae, de Sinaloa, México
Authors: Millán-Otero Manuel Guillermo , Puente-Martínez Raúl , Pío-León Juan Fernando , Márquez-Salazar Gilberto
Published: November 2024

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Opuntia cuenta con alrededor de 200 especies, es endémico del continente americano y naturalizado en África, Asia, Europa y Oceanía. México es su principal centro de diversificación con cerca de 100 especies. Se caracteriza por sus tallos aplanados, conocidos como cladodios y por la presencia de glóquidas (comúnmente llamadas “alhuates”). En el presente trabajo se describe e ilustra una especie nueva para la ciencia del género Opuntia, endémica de la región centro-sur del estado de Sinaloa, México, en una zona cercana al Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Meseta de Cacaxtla.
Métodos: Se realizaron colectas y monitoreo de fenología entre 2018 y 2024. Se revisaron y compararon materiales con los depositados en los herbarios CIIDIR, DES, HCIAD, HJBC, MEXU y UAS, así como con literatura especializada. Su estado de conservación se propuso de acuerdo con los criterios de la IUCN.
Resultados clave: Opuntia eruca se distingue fácilmente del resto de especies mexicanas por la combinación de crecimiento postrado, sin ramificar o con solo dos ramificaciones, espinas color amarillo-ámbar cuando son juveniles, glóquidas rojizas o tintas y frutos pedunculados. La especie nueva tiene afinidad morfológica con la serie Curassavicae, presente en el sureste de los Estados Unidos de América y el Caribe, pero no en México. Crece en suelos arcillosos con roca volcánica, en selva baja caducifolia. De acuerdo con los criterios de la IUCN, se considera provisionalmente en la categoría Vulnerable (VU). Se discuten las similitudes morfológicas con las especies de las series Tunae y Curassavicae y se presenta un cuadro comparativo para las especies de Opuntia de la región (serie Tunae) y la serie Curassavicae.
Conclusiones: La nueva especie presenta características morfológicas muy distintas al resto de las Opuntias mexicanas, lo que enriquece aún más la diversidad del género en el país.
Antioxidant Compound of Curcuma mangga Val. with Variation in Rhizome Parts and Soil Types
Authors: Nuurachmawati Uningtya , Pujimulyani Dwiyati , Tamaroh Siti , Windrayani Emi
Published: November 2024

The scientific name of Curcuma mangga Val. (CM), that is commonly known as temu mangga, contains polyphenols, categorized as antioxidant compounds. These antioxidant compounds can neutralize free radicals. The study aims to determine the influence of rhizome parts and soil types on the antioxidant properties of CM. The research stages include sorting, peeling, washing, blanching, drying, and compositional analysis (antioxidant activity, total phenolic, flavonoid, andtannin). The study utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with rhizome parts (main, 1 tiller) and soil types (clay, lime, and sand) as variables. Both rhizome part and soil type have significant effects on the antioxidant activity and antioxidant compounds of CM. The chosen CM, specifically the main rhizome with clay soil type, exhibits an antioxidant activity of 82.50% RSA, total phenolic of 647.50 mg GAE/100 g db, flavonoids of 620.2 mg QE/100 g db (dry basis), andtannins of 167.07 mg CE/100 g db.
A Gynocritical Reading of Carol Ann Duffy’s The World’s Wife
Authors: Samanta Brinda
Published: November 2024

Carol Ann Duffy is an award-winning Scottish poet who mainly talks about women in her poetry. Her poetry also engages such topics as gender and oppression, expressing them in familiar, conversational language that made her work accessible to a variety of readers. The collection where her feministic approach becomes clearer is The World's Wife (1999), where she destabilizes myth and history by giving women their own voice. In this piece of writing, she destabilizes the phallocentric tradition of writing. In this particular poetry collection, she gives voice to the overlooked female figures. In this particular poetry collection, Duffy uses the original story lines, but the messages are changed. In Duffy’s version the portrayal of women is quite different. In the original version, women were stereotypically described as always being weak, ignorant and incapable. Duffy’s version is totally contrary to the original one. The purpose of this paper is to subject select poems of Carol Ann Duffy to a gynocritical study and to present a fascinating glimpse of the feminist perspectives.
Preoccupation and Absence of Desire: Voyeurism and Caste in Samskara and Kusumabale
Authors: Snehajan Sanmitha
Published: November 2024

The paper explores the different forms of desires in the novels Samskara (1976) and Kusumabale (2015). In Samskara, there is a preoccupation with the theme of desire and the form and narration of the novel imbibes a voyeuristic male gaze. The valorisation of inter-caste relations is performed through this voyeuristic male gaze where desires of upper caste men are manifested through women, they either become the objects of desire or disgust. Their wives, the upper caste women, are portrayed as unattractive while the lower caste women are objects of the upper caste men’s erotic fascination. Through the feminist lens of Laura Mulvey’s theory of male gaze, I analyse how women lack any conscious agency in the novel as they are limited to their bodies, and caste determines the desirability or the lack of it. In comparison, the portrayal of inter-caste relations in Kusumabale does not involve any explicit articulation of desire and the narrative does not cater to any form of voyeuristic gaze. Instead, the novel portrays the deadly consequences of inter-caste relations which often leads to violence. The novel becomes the exact inverse to everything that Samskara tries to achieve be it through form, thematic style, or narration.
Ficoflorística de aguas continentales, ¿aquí y ahora? Dualidades que confrontan nuestro quehacer cotidiano
Authors: Novelo Eberto
Published: November 2024

La florística de aguas continentales parece ser una disciplina en vías de extinción. Aunque su importancia y pertinencia es reconocida en el ambiente académico especializado las posiblidades de desarrollo son cada vez más difíciles. La necesidad de su mantenimiento como actividad científica no es reconocida por las instancias universitarias, académicas, políticas y sociales en general, pues persiste la idea de una actividad "aburrida" o inútil propia de científicos anticuados. Para mostrar este decaimiento se compara el grado de conocimiento de la flora en el país y las condiciones para hacer florística de algas continentales en la actualidad. Mostramos cómo aproximarse a la flora considerando las respuestas ecológicas y fisiológicas y las escalas en las que se realizan esas respuestas y un ejemplo de por qué la flora de agua dulce no puede ser considerada estática o acabada. El resultado es la comparación de las visiones que se enfrentan al tratar de justificar, publicar y explicar por qué hacer o no un trabajo florístico.
Unveiling the Power of Personalization in Health and Fitness Apps
Authors: Sah Divyanshu
Published: November 2024

In an era where individualized approaches to health and fitness are increasingly sought after, the integration of personalizationinto digital platforms has become paramount. This reviewpaper delves into the dynamic landscape of health and fitness apps, focusing on the power of personalization in enhancing user engagement, motivation, and ultimately, outcomes. We explore various strategies employed by these apps, ranging from tailored workout plans and nutrition guidance to real-time feedback and behavior tracking. Additionally, we examine the underlying technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms that drive these personalized experiences. Through a comprehensive analysis of currentresearch and industry trends, this paper sheds light on the potential of personalized health and fitness apps to revolutionize the way individuals approach their well-being.
Empathy, Compassion, and Gratitude in Young Adults
Authors: Saha Atrayee
Published: November 2024

Empathy is one's ability to understand thing from another person's perspective. It is the ability to put oneself into another person's shoes. Compassion is when feelings of empathy are accompanied by desire to help others on their sufferings. Gratitude stems from the recognition that something good happened to you, accompanied by an appraisal that someone, whether another individual or an impersonal source, such as nature or a divine entity, was responsible for it. Young adulthood is one such stage which is marked by rapid physical, sexual, cognitive, and emotional changes in one individual's life. In this stage, process of physical maturation becomes apparent and secondary sexual characteristics are fully formed. The present study adopts a correlational design to determine if there is any relation between empathy, compassion, and gratitude in young adults. It adopts a between group design for determining gender differences with respect to empathy, compassion, and gratitude. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used to select sample. During the data collection, 110 young adults were obtained out of which 55 are males and 55 are females. The findings showed positive relation between empathy and compassion, empathy and gratitude, compassion and gratitude in young adults. The findings showed gender difference with respect to empathy, compassion where females scored higher than males in both. The findings suggest that in today's world, if people could spend little time with each other out of their busy schedules, this would help them in understanding one another, their problems, their sufferings and they could help each other in overcoming it by showing love, generosity to each other and they would feel grateful for one another.
Camino a una nueva paternidad: Perspectivas respecto al rol del padre en familias biparentales chilenas
Authors: Mendoza Lara Daara Valentina , Rubilar Valenzuela Camila Paulette , Zicavo Martínez Nelson , Pino Muñoz Mónica Marlene
Published: November 2024

En las últimas tres décadas en Chile se han observado variaciones en la participación paternal en las labores de reproducción de la familia con la aparición de roles más ajustados a la época actual y al mismo tiempo de equidad insuficiente. Esta investigación tuvo como principal objetivo conocer los cambios en el rol parental dentro de las familias biparentales chilenas. Se utilizó una muestra voluntaria de participantes varones de Ñuble, Chile, que ejercen la paternidad. Se realizaron 13 entrevistas semiestructuradas, presenciales y online. Estas fueron sometidas a un análisis narrativo para observar las historias de vida a través del relato de las personas y conocer sus experiencias desde la subjetividad, lo que permitió ahondar e interpretar en el contenido expuesto. Los resultados indicaron que existen actualizaciones al rol paterno, que evidencian la importancia del rol de nuevo tipo junto a la presencia del rol tradicional, los cuales están determinados por el contexto vivencial, sociocultural y generacional de cada participante. La repetición de patrones de crianza observados en la familia de origen y la lenta incorporación de nuevos modelos de paternidad sugieren que este debe ser un tema relevante para la futura implementación de políticas públicas que promuevan la participación y la equidad en las relaciones parentales de la familia actual.
Association Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boy Hendry , Alvia Risda
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases with chronic prevalence. Keep going increased, not only in adults but also in children. Diabetes mellitus type 1, the most common, occurs in children. Dental caries is an infection caused by metabolizing bacteria Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacilli that convert carbohydrates into acid that damages tooth enamel. Diabetes can cause changes in saliva composition and flow. Saliva is vital in guarding a healthy tooth by neutralizing acid and providing minerals for remineralizing tooth enamel. Method: A systematic review was done by reviewing research through English data sources Pub Med, Proquest, Cochran, and Wiley. Four studies were included according to the inclusion criteria. Result: The results of a review of these four journals showed that children aged 6-18 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing dental caries or dental diseases. Children with diabetes are predisposed to have more glucose in their saliva. High glucose can become a source of nutrition for bacteria cariogenic, which contributes to the formation of plaque and acids that damage teeth. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for oral health. Diabetes Mellitus had a significant correlation with dental caries in children.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Children.
Naproxen Sodium: The Superior Choice Over Dexketoprofen for Dental Pain and Inflammation Management
Authors: Berk Barkin
Published: November 2024

The management of postoperative pain and inflammation following dental procedures, such as dental implants and root canal therapies, is essential to ensure patient comfort and optimal recovery. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Naproxen Sodium and Dexketoprofen are widely utilized due to their effectiveness in controlling pain and inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. This review compares the pharmacological characteristics, onset of action, duration of analgesic effects, and safety profiles of Naproxen Sodium and Dexketoprofen in managing pain associated with dental treatments. Naproxen Sodium’s rapid onset of action (within 15 minutes) and prolonged duration (up to 13 hours) make it a superior choice for postoperative pain control, minimizing the need for frequent dosing. Dexketoprofen, while providing pain relief within 30 minutes, has a shorter duration of effect, requiring more frequent administration. Naproxen Sodium also demonstrates superior anti-inflammatory properties and safety profile make it the preferred first-line option over Dexketoprofen for managing pain and inflammation following dental procedures as evidenced by FDA recommendations. The review concludes that Naproxen Sodium offers a more balanced efficacy, safety, and sustained analgesia, making it a preferred NSAID for managing postoperative dental pain and inflammation over Dexketoprofen.
Keywords: Naproxen Sodium, Dexketoprofen, Dental Pain, cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes
Traditional Plants Based Treatment for Kidney Stones: Insight into Herbal Drugs
Authors: Shruti Dr , Rani Ritu , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: November 2024

The deposition of hard crystals created by mineral or salt buildup in the urine canal leads to kidney stones, a frequent urinary tract issue. Urine flow obstruction and excruciating discomfort can be caused by kidney stones. Numerous processes can lead to oxidative stress, which raises the probability of kidney stones developing. The inflammatory response that results from kidney stones forming exacerbates oxidative stress further, creating a vicious cycle. This urological condition, which affects both male and female populations, is becoming more widespread worldwide. Planning the volume of urine produced is a crucial stage in the elimination of kidney stones. Surgery such as shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) is used to treat conditions when the stone has ceased passing through and is causing excruciating discomfort. Because of their medicinal and antioxidant properties, as well as their active substances, medicinal plants have positive benefits on human health. Regrettably, end-stage renal disease is frequently the consequence of side effects brought on the traditional medications used to treat nephrolithiasis. Kidney stones can be avoided by controlling nutrition intake, medication usage, and diet. Agents that are urolithotriptic are medicinal herbs. Examining the natural plants that are utilized to treat the illness is the goal of this review. Finding natural plants that can be used to cure kidney stones was made easier by this review.
Keywords: Kidney stones, Urolithiasis, diuresis, herbal drug, calcium oxalate stone
Herbal Drug Use to Treat Urolithiasis: An Updated Review
Authors: Bhaskar Roushan , Rani Ritu , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: November 2024

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 12% of the world's population suffers from urolithiasis, a disorder that causes stones to develop in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra (the urinary system). The illness increases the likelihood of developing chronic renal illnesses in addition to impairing kidney function. Three phases make up the mechanism for the production of stones: nucleation, growth, and aggregation of crystals. Because of their medicinal and antioxidant properties, as well as their active substances, medicinal plants have positive benefits on human health. The traditional medicinal herbs' diuretic qualities are increasingly being backed by scientific research. Urinary calculi patients complain of hematuria, discomfort, or infection. Individuals with tiny, non-obstructing stones or staghorn calculi have moderate, easily managed symptoms in addition to other symptoms. The illness increases the likelihood of developing chronic renal illnesses in addition to impairing kidney function. Therefore, a plant's or a herbal formulation's antiurolithiatic effect may be the result of a combination of its antioxidant, diuretic, and crystallization-inhibiting properties.
Keywords: Urolithiasis, diuresis, herbal drug, calcium oxalate stone
Factors associated with High Viral Loads among HIV Patients Under ARV at Gitwe District Hospital
Authors: ALAIN PRUDENCE ISHIMWE
Published: November 2024

Background: High viral load is a condition of rapid multiplication in blood stream. The high viral load among HIV patients under ARV may also occur due to the rapid multiplication of virus leading to compromise immune system of living organism up to death. The vast majority of people living with HIV virus face with persistent of high viral load while were under treatments (ARV).
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and assess the factors associated with high viral load among HIV patients under ARV at Gitwe District Hospital.
Methodology: The retrospective study was conducted to assess high viral load of HIV patients under ARV. The only significance factor for viral load were adherence with (p=0.000173) and ages with (p=0.00023).
Results and conclusion: A large of number of PLWH were highly VL tested, and 95 subjects were recorded for study. Among 95 subjects, 54.73% were female and 45.26% male. All data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20. The results have showed provider’s advices and ART use, adherence counselling.
Keywords: High viral load, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Gitwe District Hospital.
STUDY OF SOME FLUOREN-9-ONE THIOSEMICARBAZONES: SYNTHESIS, CATALYTIC EFFECTS AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: GLINMA Bienvenu , KPADONOU Bénédicta , AGNIMONHAN Hyacinthe , MEDEGAN Sèdami , KPOVIESSI Salomé , KAPANDA Coco , GBAGUIDI Fernand
Published: November 2024

Aim and objective: Nowadays, Schiff bases have shown a remarkable importance in medicinal chemistry research. Semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives are important Schiff base ligands with biological properties. Fluorenones are important organic compounds used in many different fields. Here, we reported the synthesis of fluoren-9-one thiosemicarbazones (F1-F4). 
Methods: For their synthesis, we first carried out a theoretical study based on the physical properties (reasonable pharmacokinetics and drug availability) of the compounds using Lipinski's rules. We also varied the reaction conditions using several reagents (HCl, 1N; H2SO4 conc. and GAA) and ethanol in order to optimize reaction yields. Structure of each molecule was characterized by spectrometrical analysis (MS and IR, and especially NMR 1H and 13C).
Results: During the course of the study, we observed an increase in reaction yields in the presence of the less aqueous acids, particularly with GAA, which gave the best yields (89, 77, 91 and 96%) for molecules F1, F2, F3 and F4 respectively.
Conclusion: We noted that compounds presented essential properties to exhibit pharmaceutical activities. They could have a variety of pharmaceutical activities on pathogens resistant to existing treatments.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 15 July 2024;   Reviewed 10 September 2024; Accepted 23 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. A. Hakan AKTAŞ, Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Isparta-Turkey, hakanaktas@sdu.edu.tr
Dr. Wafa Mohamed Al Madhagi, Sana’a University, Yemen, walmadhaji1983@gmail.com
MODULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL MEDIATED APOPTOSIS BY SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF THE FRUIT EXTRACTS OF SARCOCEPHALUS LATIFOLIUS (SMITH) BRUCE
Authors: Imah-Harry Joan Uchechukwu , Olorunsogo Olufunso Olabode
Published: November 2024

Background and aims: The mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mPT) pore is a critical event exploited in situations where apoptosis is dysregulated. Bioactive agents of plant origin induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via the opening of the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). The fruit of Sarcocephalus latifolius is used in folklore medicine for the treatment of tumors and cancer. However, this claim has not been scientifically substantiated.
Methods: In this study, we investigated the inductive effect of the crude methanol extract (CMESL) and a chloroform sub fraction (sCFSL) of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits on mPT, in vivo. Thirty-five male wistar rats (90 ± 10 g) were acclimatized, divided into seven groups, and treated with 1% DMSO (control) and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kgbw of each of the fractions for thirty days. Rats were sacrificed and liver mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation.  The MOMP, DNA fragmentation, p53, Bax and BCl-2 protein expressions, Cytochrome c release, and caspase – 3 and -9 activities were assayed in liver tissue by standard methods. CMESL and sCFSL induced mPT pore.
 Results: The sCFSL induced MOMP maximally at 100 mg/kgbw, inhibited LPO (78%), enhanced mitochondrial ATPase activity (27.96± 0.04 µmole/mg Protein/min) than CMESL (17.58± 0.03 µmole/mg Protein/min) at the same dose. Similarly, sCFSL caused DNA fragmentation; (77.33%), enhanced caspases -3 and -9 activation; increased p53 and Bax expression levels, increased Cytochrome c release, and downregulated BCl-2 protein expression, compared to CMESL.
Conclusion: These findings showed that sCFSL contains bioactive agents that can induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and therefore a potential target to be explored in the management of tumors and cancer. 
                  
Peer Review History:
Received 12 July 2024;   Reviewed 19 September 2024; Accepted 24 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
Dr. Nazim Hussain, North East Frontier Technical University, Arunachal pradesh, India, nhussain116@gmail.com
CELLULAR SIGNALING THROUGH THE USE OF GROWTH FACTORS AND MECHANICAL STIMULUS IN NERVE REGENERATION
Authors: Andrew Ezegbe Chekwube , Ezegbe Amarachi Grace , Chidera Anikwe Celestine , Marchi Juliana
Published: November 2024

The nervous system consists of the autonomous and peripheral. Peripheral nerve injury which occurs as a result of trauma, accident and other associated factors always results in a significant loss of sensory and motor functions in an individual. The injured nerves can be successfully restored although it requires a lot of complex cellular and molecular response in order to rebuild the functional axons. When this is achieved, the damaged nerve can accurately connect with their original targets. The complete recovery of PNI has not been optimized. Exogenous growth factors (GFs) are a new and emerging therapeutic strategy that can be used in nerve regeneration. The mechanism of action of growth factor is based on the ability to activate the downstream targets of various signaling cascades via binding to the individual receptors in order to exert the multiple effects and restore the neuron and tissue regeneration. Although the GFs are associated with short half-life and rapid deactivation in body fluids. The use of nerve conduits has been able to reduce the limitations. The nerve conduits have been good biocompatibility and biofunctionality properties.
                  
Peer Review History:
Received 14 July 2024;   Reviewed 18 September 2024; Accepted 23 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, salama47@yahoo.com
Dr. Mohammad Shaheen Khan, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, shaheenchem@gmail.com
La educaci[on policial una posibilidad significativa de humanización
Authors: Gallego Betancourth Martha Lucía , Ortiz Barrios Jennifer , Pachón Gutiérrez Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Se concibe el Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI) de la Dirección de Educación Policial (DIEPO) – Institución de Educación Superior (IES), como un conjunto de criterios, lineamientos, orientaciones, pautas y normas, que hacen visible la cotidianidad del quehacer de la comunidad académica como pilar fundamental para el desarrollo de los programas académicos de formación, capacitación y entrenamiento en cumplimiento de la misión y visión. Un conjunto de factores confluye y determina la necesidad de actualizar el PEI sin desconocer la trayectoria de la DIEPO, entiende la ocurrencia de cambios profundos en todos los ámbitos; basta con señalar el avance en las tecnologías de la información y comunicación, las dinámicas delincuenciales, los fenómenos sociales, las políticas educativas, entre otros. Este documento retoma fundamentos desde su creación, pero a su vez consolidó un ejercicio investigativo, metodológico colaborativo y participativo fundamentado en la voz de la sociedad y la Policía Nacional representada por estudiantes, docentes, administrativos, directivos, egresados, líderes sociales, congresistas, empresarios, entes de control, docentes universitarios, integrantes del MEN, entre otros; fue un proceso dialógico con búsqueda documental enriquecedora para comprender las expectativas, demandas y procesos de mejora de la educación policial. El PEI de la DIEPO-IES, es compromiso de todos, implica que se vivencie en la cotidianidad de la educación policial, de ahí que requiera que se cumplan los preceptos con corresponsabilidad de cada integrante, como también desde la identidad teórico-práctica de sus respectivos ámbitos disciplinares y profesionales, respecto a la autonomía propia de la profesión y ocupación policial de cada área disciplinar y del saber.
Impact of brand positioning strategy on the financial performance of commercial banks
Authors: Hang Dang Thi Thu , Oanh Vu Thi Kim
Published: November 2024

Brand positioning serves as a critical differentiator in today’s dynamic business environment, enabling banks to secure a competitive edge. Prior research by Arora and Chaudhary (2016) underscores the positive influence of brand value on profitability, shareholder value, and overall financial efficiency. This study delves into the Vietnamese commercial banking sector to examine the influence of brand repositioning strategies on both brand value and business performance. Employing a comprehensive survey encompassing seven leading Vietnamese banks, the research leverages partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to elucidate the intricate relationships between brand repositioning initiatives, brand value creation, and subsequent financial performance. The empirical findings contribute robust evidence, revealing a positive and significant association between brand repositioning and: 1) enhanced brand value, 2) improved business performance, and 3) the crucial mediating role of brand value in the relationship between brand repositioning and financial success. The findings underscore the strategic importance of brand positioning for Vietnamese commercial banks. By effectively repositioning their brands, banks can enhance brand value, leading to improved financial performance. This research provides valuable insights for banking executives seeking to optimize their branding strategies and drive sustainable growth.
Analisis Kinerja Baznas Kabupaten Sukoharjo Dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Nirmarum Denta , Efendi Mansur
Published: November 2024

The optimization of zakat management requires strong institutional support. One effort to achieve this is by evaluating the performance of zakat management institutions, particularly the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS). Several performance measurement models have been developed, such as IZN, IDZ, CIBEST, IMZ, ISZM, and the Balanced Scorecard. These models enable a comprehensive and simultaneous performance evaluation of BAZNAS. For example, a previous study analyzed the performance of BAZNAS Sukoharjo using the IZN model, with results indicating a "fair" performance. To build on this research, the present study uses field research with a descriptive qualitative approach, employing the Balanced Scorecard analysis. It measures performance from four perspectives: financial, customer (muzakki), internal business processes, and learning and growth. The results show that the performance of BAZNAS Sukoharjo, evaluated using the Balanced Scorecard, is rated "good" in the financial (zakat fund growth), customer (muzakki), and internal business process (programs implemented) perspectives, with a score of "1." Furthermore, the learning and growth perspective also achieved a "good" rating, with a score of "1." These results indicate that the performance has met the work targets, as well as the institution's vision and mission.
Plasmid Profiles and Conjugation Risks Associated with Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium from Online Chicken Meat Purchases
Authors: ZULKIFLI ALIA SYAFIEQAH BINTI , ELIAS AISHAH , MUTALIB SAHILAH ABD , Zaini Nurul Aqilah Mohd
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered consumer behaviour,
particularly in grocery shopping, leading to a rise in online grocery
purchases. This shift has implications for food safety, especially
concerning perishable items like raw chicken. Temperature fluctuations
during delivery can increase microbial loads, particularly S.
Typhimurium, a major cause of salmonellosis outbreaks. This study aims
to understand the distribution of plasmid profiles and antibiotic
resistance patterns in S. Typhimurium isolated from raw chicken
purchased from three online stores in Malaysia. Seventy-two (n=72)
strains of S. Typhimurium were collected from raw chicken meat
sourced from Brand A (Kedah) with 38 isolates, Brand B (Selangor) with
19 isolates, and Brand C (Negeri Sembilan) with 15 isolates between
January and March 2023. The strains were tested against 12 antibiotics
using the disk diffusion method. Results showed that all strains were
resistant to three or more antibiotics, with 63% (45/72) exhibiting
resistance to at least six antibiotics. Most isolates were resistant to
vancomycin (100%), tetracycline (91%), penicillin (94%), erythromycin
(88%), and ampicillin (83%), while susceptibility was noted for
cephalothin (27%), nalidixic acid (28%), and gentamicin (30%). The
multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.25 to 0.92,
with 50 (A1-A50) different antibiogram profiles identified and 23
(P1-P23) plasmid profiles observed. Notably, two out of three resistant
S. Typhimurium isolates transferred plasmids carrying
antimicrobial resistance traits to the recipient E. coli DH5α.
This study concludes that raw chicken meat from online retailers in
Malaysia may serve as a reservoir for multiple antibiotic
resistance-conferring plasmids.
THE EFFECT OF MODULATORS ON LUNG FUNCTION FOLLOWING INPATIENT TREATMENT FOR CF EXACERBATIONS
Authors: Stone Anne , Haag Meredith , Muirhead Corinne , Markwardt Shelia , MacDonald Kelvin
Published: November 2024

Background: Modulator therapy restores CFTR function and has
led to health benefits for persons with CF (PwCF) including lower rates
of pulmonary exacerbations. It is unknown if modulators affect lung
function trajectories after inpatient treatment of pulmonary
exacerbations (PEx). Methods: We conducted a retrospective
review of hospital encounters for PEx for subjects 6-25 years old
admitted to a large tertiary care center from 2014-2021 in order to
capture hospitalizations of individual PwCF before and after starting
modulators. Descriptive analyses were used to characterize the
population and lung function findings. Logistic regression analyses were
conducted to assess the association between modulators and FEV1pp
outcomes. Results: The study sample included 575 encounters
representing 149 unique PwCF. Hospital encounters of PwCF taking
modulator were associated with higher mean FEV1pp at baseline, midway,
discharge, and follow-up assessments. Mean FEV1pp increased during
inpatient treatment of APE with loss of lung function at follow-up
regardless of modulator use. At follow-up, hospitalizations of PwCF
taking modulators were associated with significantly higher probability
of sustained improvement in FEV1pp from discharge (average treatment
effect (ATE) 0.118, p<0.05). Conclusions:
Hospitalizations for PwCF taking modulators were associated with higher
lung function at all assessments. Inpatient treatment for PEx was
associated with lung function recovery at discharge followed by loss of
function at follow-up that was partially ameliorated by taking
modulators.
Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Ischaemic Stroke Induced in Wistar Rat
Authors: EO Idowu , O Owoeye
Published: November 2024

Stroke is one of the most prevalent vascular diseases in the world and has persistently ranked as at least the third leading cause of death globally over the past few decades (WHO). Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) contains flavonoids and ginkgolides making it a promising anti-oxidative natural product. The aim was to evaluate neuroprotective effects of GBE on hippocampus and cerebrum of Wistar rat with acute ischaemia induced by the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO).Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 5 study groups (n=6) and acclimatized in clean cages for a week. Group A, received Normal saline, Group B received GBE only, Group C had BCCAO only, Group D received GBE presurgery, and Group E received GBE postsurgery. The safe oral GBE daily dose of 100 mg/kg/day was administered for 14 days. 2 rats shared 1 capsule per day at average weight of 200 grams. Giloba, the soft gel capsule used, was manufactured by Mega Life Sciences Nigeria Ltd.: NAFDAC Reg. No. A7-0404L. After adequate anaesthesia at 80-100mg/kg of intraperitoneal Ketamine, BCCAO was performed with 3/o silk suture ligation. Reperfusion was allowed after 30 minutes. Analgesia and antibiotic prophylaxis were with intramuscular paracetamol injection and topical penicillin cream. Neurobehavioral changes in spatial exploration was assessed using Y-Maze toolkit. On day 21, from onset of acclimatization, the rats were sacrificed by gentle cervical dislocation under mild anaesthesia and the whole brain harvested for histomorphological studies.GBE offered neuroprotection as evidenced by remarkably less pyknotic cells and perineuronal vacuolations in the brain tissue with prophylactic effect being more pronounced than therapeutic action. It also boosted spatial working memory in the rats.
L’ apport de l’analytique RH a la gestion des ressources humaines
Authors:   Université Mohammed V, Maroc, KATFI Ayoub , EL MNOUER Oumaima ,   Université Mohammed V, Maroc, GHALLAL Sabrina ,   LAREQUOI, Université Paris-Saclay, France, SAYAH Awatef ,   Laboratoire InnovTech, Ecole High-Tech, Maroc, BOUDRICHE Fetta ,   LAREQUOI, Université Paris-Saclay, France
Published: November 2024

This article examines the growing role of HR Analytics in transforming Human Resource Management (HRM) in the digital age. Today’s HR function faces rising expectations to demonstrate its strategic impact. By leveraging advanced statistical tools, HR Analytics enables a detailed analysis of human capital and informed decision-making. The study highlights the strategic, explanatory, and predictive dimensions of HR Analytics, as well as the challenges of integrating this methodology, which is often misunderstood by practitioners. It emphasizes the importance of a data-driven culture to maximize HR Analytics’ potential and guide managers in areas such as recruitment, retention, and talent development. By systematizing academic contributions and classifying new practices, this article explores the implications and challenges of HR Analytics for HRM.
Le marché de l’assurance au Maroc : Analyse descriptive
Authors:   Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc, LIMAM Anas
Published: November 2024

This article aims to examine the current state of the insurance market in Morocco and to discuss ways to harness its potential and increase its penetration rate. It analyzes the regulatory and legal framework, the market structure, as well as supply and demand dynamics. It also addresses the challenges faced by this sector. The methodology is based on an analysis of documents and reliable data, such as those from ACAPS. The results show that the sector is growing, particularly in life and automobile insurance, but this growth is dominated by a few large companies, which limits competition. Additionally, barriers to entry, such as legal requirements, hinder innovation. The article also highlights the untapped potential of inclusive and innovative insurance. It recommends facilitating market access, diversifying the product offerings, encouraging digitalization, and strengthening competition. It also suggests better consumer protection by simplifying contracts and regulating insurance comparison platforms. These measures aim to make Morocco a regional leader in this sector while addressing both local and global challenges.