bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Лапаростомія у хворих на гострий поширений перитоніт
Authors: Бенедикт В. В. , Продан А. М. , Багрій В. М.
Published: November 2022

Мета роботи: розробка критеріїв вибору хірургічної тактики для проведення лапаростомії у хворих на гострий поширений перитоніт (ГПП) для покращення результатів їх хірургічного лікування.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз 50 медичних карт стаціонарного хворого, померлого від ГПП. У клінічних умовах досліджено результати лікування 131 пацієнта після хірургічного лікування ГПП. В загальноприйнятий комплекс дослідження включали визначення Мангеймського індексу перитоніту, лейкоцитарного індексу інтоксикації, індексу коморбідності і ступінь операційно-анестезіологічного ризику за шкалою ASA. Крім цього, проводили вимірювання інтраабдомінального тиску за I. Kron et al. (1984), M. Cheatham et al. (1998).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При проведенні ретроспективного аналізу медичних карт померлих хворих було встановлено, що інтубацію тонкої кишки (ТК) було виконано тільки в 14 % прооперованих хворих, а закінчення операції у вигляді лапаростоми було проведено в 10 (20 %) випадків. Щодо пацієнтів, результати лікування яких було досліджено в клінічних умовах, то у 18 (13,74 %) пацієнтів на ГПП під час закінчення лапаротомії було використано лапаростомію. У 13 випадках використовували цей метод під час первинного оперативного втручання, в 5 – під час проведення релапаротомії у хворих на післяопераційний перитоніт. В 7 випадках ми проводили інтубацію ТК відкритим способом за допомогою кінцевої ентеростомії після вимушеної резекції дистального відділу органа і за запропонованою методикою при неефективності закритої антеградної декомпресії у хворих на ГПП під час релапаротомії з приводу неліквідованого перитоніту. Використання запропонованого способу у хворих дало змогу зменшити кількість релапаротомій для закриття лапаростоми при сприйнятливому перебігу ГПП, що суттєво покращувало результати хірургічного лікування цих пацієнтів.
Фетальна анатомічна мінливість довгих гілок плечового сплетення
Authors: Коваль О. А. , Хмара Т. В.
Published: November 2022

Summary. Information about the anatomical variability of the roots, trunks, bundles, and branches of the brachial plexus is of important practical importance for understanding the mechanisms of injuries to the shoulder, forearm, and hand. Knowledge of the variant anatomy of the brachial plexus in people of different ages is necessary for successful operations, effective analgesia, as well as for the interpretation of clinical symptoms in the practice of neurologists.
The aim of the study – to establish the anatomical variability of the musculocutaneous, ulnar, median, and radial nerves in human fetuses of different ages.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on preparations of the upper limbs of 28 human fetuses of 81.0–310.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length (PCL) using macromicroscopic dissection and morphometry.
Results. During anatomical dissection of the upper limbs of 28 human fetuses aged 4–8 months, variants of the fetal topography of bundles and nerves of the subclavian part of the brachial plexus were found in three cases of 170.0 mm, 245.0 mm, 250.0 mm PCL. In fetuses with 170.0 mm and 245.0 mm PCL, connections between the median and ulnar nerves in the form of connecting branches were observed, and the median nerve began with one root from the medial bundle of the subclavian part of the brachial plexus. In a fetus with 250.0 mm PCL, an atypical variant of topography was established for nerves of the lateral and medial bundles of the subclavian part of the brachial plexus, and a doubling of the ulnar nerve was also detected.
Conclusions. Double innervation of some shoulder and forearm muscles was found in some human fetuses. The established variants of the topography and connections of the median, ulnar, and musculocutaneous nerves in human fetuses are determined by the peculiarities of the structural organization and multifunctionality of the muscles of the shoulder and forearm, the patterns of their complex prenatal development, the available sources of blood supply, and other factors. The described variants of the fetal anatomy of the long branches of the brachial plexus should be considered not only by theoreticians, but also by clinicians, primarily neurologists, orthopedists, and surgeons.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF REVERSAL OF HARTMANN’S PROCEDURE
Authors: Dzyubanovskyy I. Ya. , Bedeniuk A. D. , Grytsenko S. Y.
Published: November 2022

Background. Reversal of Hartmann’s procedure (HP) is one of the most complex surgical interven­tions in abdominal surgery with high morbidity rates of up to 58% in the patients after HP and mortality of up to 3.6%.
Objective. This was a retrospective observational study to analyze the Hartmann’s reversal (HR) outcomes.
Methods. The study involved 31 patients (16 males and 15 females), average age 59.6±10.31 (range 26-80), who underwent HR at Ternopil Regional Hospital in 2010 - 2021. The reasons for the HP were: cancer in 20 (64.5%) cases, perforation of the diverticulum – 6 (19.3%), traumatic rupture – 3 (9.7%) and Crohn’s disease - 2 (6.4%) cases.
Results. Median time from Hartmann’s procedure to reversal was 11.13±9.24 months (interval 3-38). Intraoperative time was 210.33±56.91 minutes (range 120-330). HR was performed in 30 (96.8 %) patients. Dense pelvic adhesions of the stump of the rectum was diagnosed in 13 (41.9%) patients. Hand-sewn anastomosis was performed for 22 (71%) patients, stapler anastomosis – 4 (12.9%), pull-through technique – 3 (9.7%) patients. AL occurred in 3 (9.7%) patients on the 15th, 23rd and 35th postoperative days. pseudomembranous colitis was diagnosed in 2 (6.4%) patients with AL. The mortality rate was 1 (3.3%) as a result of septic complications due to AL; this case was not operated by a colorectal surgeon due to administrative issue in the hospital.
Conclusions. Hartmann’s reversal is still one of the most difficult operations in colorectal surgery with high incidence of postoperative complications. Sound selection of patients with low comorbidity and in suitable time period is crucial for successful HR.
ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH BURN INJURIES
Authors: Zaporozhan S. Y. , Fira D. B. , Pokryshko O. V.
Published: November 2022

Background. Treatment of burn wound infection is an urgent issue of contemporary medicine, including surgery, combustiology and microbiology. It is established that infectious complications are a challenge for burn patients. In the course of wound reparation, infectious complications may worsen. Along with surgical treatment, mechanical removal of pathogens from burn wounds is also important as well as antimicrobials for patients with severe burns.
Objective. The aim of the study was to define the most common pathogens of purulent-inflammatory complications of burn wounds and their susceptibility to antibiotics.
Methods. The study involved patients treated at the Center of Thermal Trauma and Plastic Surgery of Lviv I-Territorial Medical Association, the unit of St. Luke Hospital of Lviv. Collection of material from wound secretions of burn wounds was performed with sterile swab. The study was performed before prescription of antibiotics, at the end of the first and second weeks of the disease. The pathogens were isolated and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility was studied using standard research methods. The obtained results were analyzed by means of the software package of the microbiological monitoring system WHONET 5.2 (WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance) and the program Microsoft Office Excel 2007.
Results. The study of smears from burn wounds proved that 240 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms that caused purulent-inflammatory processes were isolated. Among the selected causative agents of a burn wound complicated by a purulent-inflammatory process, gram-negative bacteria predominated (60.8% of all detected microorganisms). Gram-positive flora of S. epidermidis and S. aureus were more common in the wound surface during the first week of the disease. In most patients with severe burns, bacterial associations were isolated from the wound surface (66.3%) in two and three weeks, and in three weeks Candida spp. were isolated. Non-fermenting rods A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa dominated among the gram-negative flora isolated from the wound surface of burns. The analysis of susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from patients with burns to antibiotics showed that almost all of the cultures were polyresistant.
Conclusions. Gram-negative microorganisms, strains of non-fermenting bacteria predominated among the pathogens isolated from burn wounds complicated by purulent inflammation; Staphylococcus aureus prevailed among the gram-positive ones. The most significant clinical strains were highly polyresistant to antibiotics.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE INFLUENCE OF COMORBID CONDITIONS ON THE LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Lunova T. V. , Klishch I. M.
Published: November 2022

Background. Gender differences in the baseline characteristics of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been widely acknowledged. Women are known to be generally older with a higher prevalence of comorbidities.

Objectives. Gender differences in the baseline characteristics of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been widely acknowledged. Women are known to be generally older with a higher prevalence of comorbidities. At the same time, it is now yet clear which comorbid conditions have the most significant impact on the long-term outcomes of patients with ACS and if there are any gender differences in this respect.

Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 167 patients (109 men and 58 women) admitted to the acute coronary unit of Ternopil Municipal Hospital with ACS in 2016-2017. All relevant clinical information has been recorded in the pre-designed data charts. The incidence of repeated major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) has been assessed over 36 months after the hospital discharge via an e-Health electronic system.

Results. In this cohort, female patients with ACS had a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions: 15.5% of women vs. 11% of men with ACS had ≥5 comorbidities, 65.5% of women and 60% of men had 2-4 comorbid conditions, and 19% of women vs. 29% ≤1 concomitant disease. The comorbidity structure also differed between genders. Women more often had concomitant cerebrovascular diseases (17.2% vs. 7.3%, p=0.05), dementia (15.5% vs. 5.5 %, p=0.03), connective tissue disorders (17.25 vs. 6.42%, p=0.03) and thyroid disease (12.1% vs. 2.8%, p=0.02). Men more often suffered from peptic ulcer (13.7% vs. 3.4%, p=0.05). The incidence of MACEs during the follow-up period rose sharply with age and was higher in females (55% vs. 33%, p=0.003). In the multivariable model, PAD (OR 9.5, 95% CI: 1.7-52.3, p=0.01) and thyroid disease (OR 7.2, 95% CI: 1.19-43.2, p=0.03) demonstrated the most significant impact on the long-term event-free survival of females in the cohort. In turn, a solid metastatic tumor was the most significant predictor of poor prognosis in men (OR 6.3, 95% CI: 2.13-18.9, p=0.001).

Conclusions. We observed significant gender differences in the prevalence of comorbid conditions and their influence on the three-year event-free survival of patients with ACS. The predictive value of comorbidities should be further investigated, preferably, with the involvement of larger cohorts.
The Novel Lysosomal Autophagy Inhibitor (ROC-325) Ameliorates Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Bao Changlei , Liang Shuxin , Han Ying , Yang Zi , Liu Shiyun , Sun Yanan , Zheng Shichuang , Li Yuzhu , Wang Ting , Gu Yali , Wu Kang , Black Stephen M. , Wang Jian , Nawrocki Steffan T. , Carew Jennifer S. , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Tang Haiyang
Published: November 2022

Background:

Autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). ROC-325 is a novel small molecule lysosomal autophagy inhibitor that has more potent anticancer activity than the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine, the latter has been prevalently used to inhibit autophagy. Here, we sought to determine the therapeutic benefit and mechanism of action of ROC-325 in experimental PH models.

Methods and Results:

Hemodynamics, echocardiography, and histology measurement showed that ROC-325 treatment prevented the development of PH, right ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and vascular remodeling after monocrotaline and Sugen5416/hypoxia administration. ROC-325 attenuated high K
+
or alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and enhanced endothelial-dependent relaxation in isolated pulmonary artery rings. ROC-325 treatment inhibited autophagy and enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in lung tissues of monocrotaline-PH rats. In cultured human and rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell and pulmonary arterial endothelial cell under hypoxia exposure, ROC-325 increased LC3B (light chain 3 beta) and p62 accumulation, endothelial cell nitric oxide production via phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser1177) and dephosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Thr495) as well as decreased HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α and HIF-2α stabilization.

Conclusions:

These data indicate that ROC-325 is a promising novel agent for the treatment of PH that inhibits autophagy, downregulates HIF levels, and increases nitric oxide production.
Association Between DNA Methylation and Blood Pressure: A 5-Year Longitudinal Twin Study
Authors: Hong Xuanming , Miao Ke , Cao Weihua , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Huang Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Liao Chunxiao , Pang Yuanjie , Pang Zengchang , Yu Min , Wang Hua , Wu Xianping , Liu Yu , Gao Wenjing , Li Liming
Published: November 2022

Background:

Previous EWASs (Epigenome-Wide Association Studies) have reported hundreds of blood pressure (BP) associated 5′-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3′ (CpG) sites. However, their results were inconsistent. Longitudinal observations on the temporal relationship between DNA methylation and BP are lacking.

Methods:

A candidate CpG site association study for BP was conducted on 1072 twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for candidate CpG sites. Cross-lagged models were used to assess the temporal relationship between BP and DNA methylation in 308 twins who completed 2 surveys in 2013 and 2018. Then, the significant cross-lagged associations were validated by adopting the Inference About Causation From Examination of Familial Confounding approach. Finally, to evaluate the cumulative effects of DNA methylation on the progression of hypertension, we established methylation risk scores based on BP-associated CpG sites and performed Markov multistate models.

Results:

16 and 20 CpG sites were validated to be associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively. In the cross-lagged analysis, we detected that methylation of 2 CpG sites could predict subsequent systolic BP, and systolic BP predicted methylation at another 3 CpG sites. For diastolic BP, methylation at 3 CpG sites had significant cross-lagged effects for predicting diastolic BP levels, while the prediction from the opposite direction was observed at one site. Among these, 3 associations were validated in the Inference About Causation From Examination of Familial Confounding analysis. Using the Markov multistate model, we observed that methylation risk scores were associated with the development of hypertension.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest the significance of DNA methylation in the development of hypertension.
Association of Number of Live Births With Electrocardiographic and Cardiac Structural Changes
Authors: Harris Elizabeth , Mauricio Rina , Ayers Colby , Garg Sonia , Khera Amit , de Lemos James A. , Sanghavi Monika
Published: November 2022

Background

Pregnancy is a major life event unique to women and leads to significant hemodynamic, hormonal, and metabolic changes. The purpose of this study was to use the DHS (Dallas Heart Study), a multiethnic population‐based cohort study of Dallas county adults, to evaluate the association between number of live births and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and ECG parameters later in life.

Methods and Results

Women were included if they had data on self‐reported live births and ECG or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measurements. The 3014 women were stratified by number of live births: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5. Higher number of live births was associated with larger left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic volume (β, 1.31±0.41;
P
<0.01), LV end‐systolic volume (β, 0.83±0.24;
P
<0.01), and LV mass (β, 1.13±0.49;
P
=0.02) and lower LV ejection fraction (β, −0.004±0.0014;
P
<0.01). Increasing parity was associated with longer PR intervals (β, 1.07±0.38;
P
<0.01). Subgroup analysis by race demonstrated that the association between number of live births and magnetic resonance imaging parameters (LV end‐diastolic volume, LV end‐systolic volume, and LV ejection fraction) only remained significant in Black women (
P
value for interaction <0.05).

Conclusions

Increasing number of live births was associated with electrocardiographic and cardiac structural changes in a multiethnic population. When stratified by race and ethnicity, magnetic resonance imaging structural changes only remained significant in Black participants. Whether these changes are pathologic and increase the risk of heart failure or arrhythmias in multiparous women warrants further investigation.
Association Between Bleeding and New Cancer Detection and the Prognosis in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ahn Youngcheol , Lee Dongjae , Choo Eun Ho , Choi Ik Jun , Lim Sungmin , Lee Kwan Yong , Hwang Byung‐Hee , Park Mahn‐Won , Lee Jong‐Min , Park Chul Soo , Kim Hee‐Yeol , Yoo Ki‐Dong , Jeon Doo Soo , Chung Wook Sung , Kim Min Chul , Jeong Myung Ho , Ahn Youngkeun , Chang Kiyuk
Published: November 2022

Background

Antithrombotic agents to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction can cause bleeding, which may reveal undiagnosed cancer. However, the relationship between bleeding and new cancer diagnosis and the prognostic impact is still unclear.

Methods and Results

We analyzed the new cancer diagnosis, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding, and all‐cause death of 10 364 patients with acute myocardial infarction without a history of previous cancer in a multicenter acute myocardial infarction registry. During a median of 4.9 years, 1109 patients (10.7%) experienced Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding, and 338 patients (3.3%) were newly diagnosed with cancer. Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding was associated with an increased risk of new cancer diagnosis (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 3.29 [95% CI, 2.50–4.32]). In particular, there were robust associations between gastrointestinal bleeding and new gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis (sHR, 19.96 [95% CI, 11.30–29.94]) and between genitourinary bleeding and new genitourinary cancer diagnosis (sHR, 28.95 [95% CI, 14.69–57.07]). The risk of all‐cause death was not lower in patients diagnosed with new gastrointestinal cancer after gastrointestinal bleeding (hazard ratio [HR], 4.05 [95% CI, 2.04–8.02]) and diagnosed with new genitourinary cancer after genitourinary bleeding (HR, 2.79 [95% CI, 0.81–9.56]) than in patients newly diagnosed with cancer without previous bleeding.

Conclusions

Clinically significant bleeding, especially gastrointestinal and genitourinary bleeding, in patients with AMI was associated with an increased risk of new cancer diagnoses. However, the bleeding preceding new cancer detection was not associated with better survival.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02385682 and NCT02806102.
A Defence of the Concept of the Landowning Class as the Third Class
Authors: Manning F.T.C.
Published: November 2022

Although Marx dubbed landowners one of the ‘three great classes’ of modern society, the most prominent Marxian and socialist thinkers of capitalism and land over the past century – from Lefebvre to Massey to Harvey – have implicitly or explicitly argued that landowners are not capitalism’s ‘third class’, and that the social relations of land are marginal or contingent to the mode of production as a whole. Through assessing the work of Marxist geographers, political economists, value-form theorists, and others who have dismissed the class-status of landowners and blurred the line between ground rent and interest, this article argues that the theory of the landowning class is fundamental to the understanding of the totality of capitalist social relations, as well as to developing more incisive analyses of struggles around housing, land, and movement today.
What Is Hellenistic Judaism? An Introduction
Authors: Bloch René , Pearce Sarah
Published: November 2022

The special issue of JSJ brings together four contributions that were originally presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature in 2020 in a panel dedicated to the question “What is Hellenistic Judaism?” The panel was organized by the steering committee of the SBL Hellenistic Judaism section. In the introduction, the editors compare early approaches to Hellenism (Droysen) with contemporary ones (Chaniotis, the contributions in this issue), and discuss the question when Jewish Hellenism ends.
What Determines Korea’s Health Aid Allocation: Altruistic, Economic, or COVID-19 Motivations?
Authors: Han Songhee , Song Jisun
Published: November 2022

With the disproportionate impact of the global pandemic on developing countries, health aid has become crucial in improving people’s health and well-being more than ever. Reflecting developing countries’ needs, Korea, like other donors, made significant contributions to support the global COVID-19 response. Considering the increased amount and importance of the health sector in Korea’s foreign aid, this article aims to investigate the motivations of Korea’s total bilateral aid and bilateral health aid using panel data of 128 developing countries from 2006 to 2021 with the random-effects panel Tobit model. The time frame was divided into three periods, 2006–2009, 2010–2019 and 2020–2021, to test Korea’s aid determinants pre- and post-pandemic outbreak. No notable changes in Korea’s aid allocation pattern were found before and after the pandemic. Instead, Korea seemed to have mixed motives of donor interest and recipients’ needs in specific periods. However, a priority partner country was consistently identified as an influential factor in Korea’s aid.
Two new species, Begonia minhaniae and B. dieuanhiae (sect. Platycentrum, Begoniaceae), from northwestern Vietnam
Authors: HOANG THANH SON , LIN CHE-WEI
Published: November 2022

Two novel species in Begonia sect. Platycentrum from northwestern Vietnam, B. minhaniae and B. dieuanhiae, are described and illustrated. Both species superficially resemble B. phouchomvoyensis in their rhizomatous habit, plain green ovary and leaves, 4-tepaled staminate flowers and 3-locular ovaries, but they can be clearly distinguished from the latter by several morphological characters such as morphology of vestiture, fewer anthers (those of B. minhaniae are ca. 15 vs. ca. 45 in B. phouchomvoyensis) and more tepals of pistillate flower (5 tepals in B. dieuanhiae vs. 3 tepals in B. phouchomvoyensis). These two novel discoveries highlight the growing body of research showing the rich and varied biodiversity of Begonia in the flora of Vietnam.
Three new species of the genus Miridiba Reitter, 1902 (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Vietnam along with a new country record
Authors: PHAM PHU VAN , KEITH DENIS , PHAM NHI THI , CAO NGA QUYNH THI
Published: November 2022

Three new species of the genus Miridiba Reitter, 1902 from Vietnam are described and illustrated: Miridiba apicespinosa P.V. Pham & Keith, new species, M. ngoclinhensis P.V. Pham & Keith, new species, and M. quangnamensis P.V. Pham & Keith, new species. Miridiba bannaensis Gao & Fang, 2018 is reported for the first time from Vietnam. Additionally, an updated checklist and a key to all Vietnamese species are provided.
Cold-Air Pooling in the Upper Douro Valley: An Observational Study
Authors: Sanderson Michael G. , Teixeira Marta , Graça António
Published: November 2022

Cold-air pools can have several different impacts on viticulture, including final grape quality and yields. This study focuses on cold pools in the upper Douro Valley, which is one of the most important viticultural regions of northern Portugal. First, digital elevation model data were analyzed to identify pixels corresponding to the valley floors of the Douro and selected side valleys. Next, the topographic amplification factor was calculated for each of these pixels. Down-valley gradients in the topographic amplification factor were used to identify locations where cold air in the valley was likely to pool. High-time-resolution meteorological data recorded between January 2011 and December 2017 were analyzed to identify cold-pool events at one location in the main Douro Valley. The cold pools were assigned to seven different categories on the basis of their temporal behavior. There was a clear seasonal cycle in numbers of cold pools, with most observed during winter and the fewest in summer. The maximum strengths of the cold pools could occur at any time during the night, although the majority peaked around the middle of the night. This study is believed to be the first to examine cold pools in the upper Douro Valley.
Monsoon Depression Amplification by Horizontal Shear and Humidity Gradients: A Shallow Water Perspective
Authors: Suhas D. L. , Boos William R.
Published: November 2022

Transient, synoptic-scale vortices produce a large fraction of total rainfall in most monsoon regions and are often associated with extreme precipitation. However, the mechanism of their amplification remains a topic of active research. For monsoon depressions, which are the most prominent synoptic-scale vortex in the Asian–Australian monsoon, recent work has suggested that meridional gradients in zonal wind in the vortex environment may produce growth through barotropic instability, while meridional gradients in environmental humidity have also been proposed to cause amplification through coupling with precipitating convection. Here, a two-dimensional shallow water model on a sphere with parameterized precipitation is used to examine the relative role played by these two environmental gradients. By systematically varying the meridional moisture gradient and meridional wind shear for both weak, quasi-linear waves and finite-amplitude isolated vortices, we show that rotational winds in the initial vortex are amplified most strongly by meridional shear of the environmental zonal wind, while vortex precipitation rates are most sensitive to environmental moisture gradients. The growth rate in the presence of both gradients is less than the sum of growth rates in the presence of isolated gradients, as the phase relation between moisture and vorticity anomalies becomes distorted with increasing shear. These results suggest that background meridional gradients in both zonal wind and environmental humidity can contribute to the amplification of vortices to monsoon depression strength, but with some degree of decoupling of the dry rotational flow and the moist convection.
Acoustic Sensing of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth and Temperature from Uplooking ADCPs
Authors: Brenner Samuel , Thomson Jim , Rainville Luc , Torres Daniel , Doble Martin , Wilkinson Jeremy , Lee Craig
Published: November 2022

Properties of the surface mixed layer (ML) are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere–sea ice–ocean interactions in the changing Arctic Ocean. Mooring measurements are typically unable to resolve the ML in the Arctic due to the need for instruments to remain below the surface to avoid contact with sea ice and icebergs. Here, we use measurements from a series of three moorings installed for one year in the Beaufort Sea to demonstrate that upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) installed on subsurface floats can be used to estimate ML properties. A method is developed for combining measured peaks in acoustic backscatter and inertial shear from the ADCPs to estimate the ML depth. Additionally, we use an inverse sound speed model to infer the summer ML temperature based on offsets in ADCP altimeter distance during open-water periods. The ADCP estimates of ML depth and ML temperature compare favorably with measurements made from mooring temperature sensors, satellite SST, and from an autonomous Seaglider. These methods could be applied to other extant mooring records to recover additional information about ML property changes and variability.
A Forecast Cycle–Based Evaluation for Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Forecasts by the Operational HWRF Model
Authors: Wang Weiguo , Zhu Lin , Liu Bin , Zhang Zhan , Mehra Avichal , Tallapragada Vijay
Published: November 2022

An evaluation framework for tropical cyclone rapid intensification (RI) forecasts is introduced and applied to evaluate the performance of RI forecasts by the operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model. The framework is based on the performance of each 5-day forecast cycle, while the conventional RI evaluation is based on the statistics of successful or false RI forecasts at individual lead times. The framework can be used to compare RI forecasts of different cycles, which helps model developers and forecasters to characterize RI forecasts under different scenarios. It also can provide the evaluation of statistical performance in the context of 5-day forecast cycles. The RI forecast of each cycle is assessed using a modified probability-based approach that takes the absolute errors in intensity changes into account. The overall performance of RI forecasts during a given period is assessed based on the fractions of the individual forecast cycles during which RI events are successfully or falsely predicted. The framework is applied to evaluate the performance of RI forecasts by the HWRF Model for the whole life cycle of a single hurricane, as well as for each of the hurricane seasons from 2009 to 2021. The metric based on the probabilities of detection and false alarm rate of RI is compared with that based on the absolute errors in the intensity and intensity change during RI events.

Significance Statement

An evaluation framework for tropical cyclone rapid intensification (RI) forecasts is introduced, focusing on the performance of RI forecasts in each 5-day forecast cycle. The cycle-based approach can help to characterize RI forecasts under different conditions such as certain synoptic scenarios, initial conditions, or vortex structures. It also can be used to assess the overall performance of RI forecasts in terms of the percentages of individual forecast cycles that successfully or falsely predict RI events.
Initial Laboratory Values Can Predict Mortality in Burn Patients
Authors: Jaber Camaleigh A. , Bryan Francesca E. , Toor Rubinder S. , Quereshi Asma M. , Messer Thomas A. , Schlanser Victoria L. , Tatebe Leah C. , Poulakidas Stathis J. , Bokhari Faran
Published: November 2022

Background

There are several burn scores used to predict mortality in burn patients. However, minimal data exists on the role of laboratory values in risk stratification. We hypothesized that laboratory derangements seen on admission can predict mortality in burn patients.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted on burn patients admitted to a busy Level 1 Trauma and Burn Center from 2013 to 2019. Data analysis included patients with partial or full thickness burns and a total body surface area (TBSA) burn greater than 15%. Exclusion criteria included patients presenting with electrical burns, non-thermal conditions (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, or soft tissue infections) or patients with significant polytrauma.

Results

112 patients were included in the analysis. Admission phosphate, creatinine, albumin, and glucose levels were associated with mortality. There was a difference in serum phosphate (3.48 and 6.04 mg/dL), creatinine (0.85 and 1.13 mg/dL), albumin (3.26 and 2.3 mg/dL), and glucose (138 and 233 mmol/L) levels for survivors and non-survivors; respectively. There were increased mortality rates seen in patients presenting with abnormal serum levels compared to normal serum levels (Phosphate: 7.5% vs. 53.3%, creatinine: 13.5% vs. 38.9%, albumin: 38.5% vs. 8.10% and glucose: 10.1% vs. 31.6% (normal vs. abnormal; respectively)). Serum sodium, potassium, and hemoglobin levels had no association with mortality.

Discussion

Specific laboratory derangements seen on admission are associated with an increased risk for mortality. This can be used as a framework for future studies in risk stratification of burn victims.
The dialogic performativity of secrecy and transparency
Authors: Fan Ziyun , Christensen Lars Thøger
Published: November 2022

How does the pursuit of transparency and insight have a tendency to produce secrecy? And vice versa? In popular and political discourse, secrecy and transparency are usually depicted as mutually exclusive practices. At the same time, we know from extant research that the two are closely related, that they each have performative effects, and tend to encroach on each other. The inseparability and performative dynamics between the two, however, remains to be unfolded. This critical essay revisits the secrecy–transparency relationship through the lens of Edgar Morin’s dialogical principle. From this perspective, we argue that secrecy–transparency dialogics perform as a complex whole, involving both complementary and antagonistic forces. As an illustration of dialogic performativity, we draw on the phenomenon and practice of “open meetings” in public sector organizations. Specifically, we argue that the ambiguous fascination with knowing and not knowing create conditions for simulated insight and self-imposed conformity in ways that recalibrate the relationship between transparency and secrecy. On this background, we call for renewed critical and reflexive engagement with the transparency ideal and its presumed antipode, secrecy.
The control of the policy advice industry: how patrons defer their decision-rights to think tank boards
Authors: Perez Marybel , Agafonow Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Patrons of think tanks—for example, governments, corporations, philanthropists, NGOs, and so forth—may control think tanks’ boards, that is, their highest decision-making body. Whether patrons are likely to control boards is a question that remains under-explored and under-theorised in public administration and governance scholarship. It is posited that patrons are likely to control boards when the marginal benefit of partaking in decision-making does not exceed the cost of information transfer. The comparative examination of International Relations think tanks’ statutes shows that patron control is substantial. However, patronage does not always guarantee board control. Patron control is moderated by the nature of the transaction. The conclusion assesses patron control concerning decision-making processes in the think tank and the idiosyncratic character of policy advice.

Points for practitioners

Practitioners can assess events of goal displacement in think tanks by learning about mechanisms that facilitate or hinder patron control over think tanks. Laying out the conditions under which patrons exercise control, the latter turns out to be substantial despite not all patrons having control over think tank boards. Patron control is shown to depend on the position of stakeholders in the decision-making chain and the nonlinear relation between effort and influence in policy advice.
Convolutional neural network with Huffman pooling for handling data with insufficient categories: A novel method for anomaly detection and fault diagnosis
Authors: Li Yuqing , Lei Mingjia , Cheng Yao , Wang Rixin , Xu Minqiang
Published: November 2022

The rotating component is an important part of the modern mechanical equipment, and its health status has a great impact on whether the equipment can safely operate. In recent years, convolutional neural network has been widely used to identify the health status of the rotor system. Previous studies are mostly based on the premise that training set and testing set have the same categories. However, because the actual operating conditions of mechanical equipment are complex and changeable, the real diagnostic tasks usually have greater diversity than the pre-acquired datasets. The inconsistency of the categories of training set and testing set makes it easy for convolutional neural network to identify the unknown fault data as normal data, which is very fatal to equipment health management. To overcome the above problem, this article proposes a new method, Huffman-convolutional neural network, to improve the generalization ability of the model in detection task with various operating conditions. First, a new Huffman pooling kernel is designed according to the Huffman coding principle and the Huffman pooling layer structure is introduced in the convolutional neural network to enhance the model's ability to extract common features of data under different conditions. Second, a new objective function is proposed based on softmax loss, intra-class loss, and inter-class loss to improve the Huffman-convolutional neural network's ability to distinguish different classes of data and aggregate the same class of data. Third, the proposed method is tested on three different datasets to verify the generalization ability of the Huffman-convolutional neural network in diagnosis tasks with multi-operating conditions. Compared with other traditional methods, the proposed method has better performance and greater potential in multi-condition fault diagnosis and anomaly detection tasks with inconsistent class spaces.
Damage evolution and failure mechanism of three-dimensional braided composite subjected to varied high strain-rate loadings
Authors: Gao Xingzhong , Zhang Mengyuan , Siddique Amna , Yang Hongyue , Liu Tao , Cao Miao
Published: November 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) braided composite exhibit the excellent integrity of a braided structure, which gives the composites the advantages of high-impact damage tolerance, excellent delamination resistance, and high fatigue resistance. They have been widely used in the fields of aerospace and transport. Composites are always subjected to high strain-rate loading in these application cases. Braided composites show significantly different damage evolution under varied high strain-rate loadings. A bridge which can connect the strain rate variation to the different damage evolution of composites is urgently needed for composite strength design. This research demonstrated how the strain rate variation induced the change of damage evolution and failure mode of 3D braided composite. A high-speed camera system was used to capture damage process information. A micro-scale rate-dependent finite-element model (FEM) was established to study the underlying mechanisms. The results show that the velocity gap between yarns and resin becomes more obvious at higher strain-rate loading. Damage morphology of composites under lower strain rate resulted from the higher transverse stress at the output-bar area. Higher strain-rate loading induces plastic deformation, which occurs earlier in composites. The deformation distributes more haphazardly under higher strain-rate loading. Optimizing suggestions are given to improve the impact resistance of 3D braided composites.
Harnessing the Power of Words to Address the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Farrow Katherine , Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel
Published: November 2022

Behavioral public administration theory suggests that seemingly irrelevant word choice manipulations can influence behavior. We contend that the power of words has frequently been overlooked in the COVID-19 crisis. Given that most decisions mobilize System 1 cognition, words can be an important tool in pursuing socially-desirable outcomes. Beyond their substantive content, words choice matters because language operates largely via automatic processes. Based on findings from this literature, words can be harnessed to induce behavioral change aligned with public health objectives. We elucidate several mechanisms through which these effects are likely to occur and suggests concrete applications to the COVID-19 crisis.
The Promise of Labor-Based Grading Contracts for the Teaching of Psychology and Neuroscience
Authors: Mena Jasmine A. , Stevenson Jennie R.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Instructors assign grades to communicate to students how well they are learning the course content. However, students and instructors are often displeased with the process and outcome of grading. Statement of the Problem: We contend that conventional grading inadvertently detracts from student learning and simultaneously replicates systems of oppression in academia. We discuss Labor-Based Grading Contracts (LBGCs) as an alternative to conventional grading. Literature Review: We review the conceptual and empirical literature on LBGCs as an alternative method of assessing student work and extend its application to psychology and neuroscience courses. Teaching Implications: We present recommendations for implementing LBGCs and address common concerns instructors have about this approach. We also make a call for more research on LBGCs in psychology and neuroscience teaching and learning. Conclusion: LBGCs represent a promising shift in the purpose and approach to assessing student work and learning by centering laboring to learn and developing skills. LBGCs also create a more equitable grading structure for all students.
Myths of Popular Psychology Among University Students and Teachers: Does Training in Psychology Reduce Belief in Myths?
Authors: Varea Elena , Enesco Ileana , Guerrero Silvia , Barrios Paula
Published: November 2022

Background:

The study of myths in psychology has conceptual and educational relevance: How to adapt the teaching of psychology to confront myths with grounded knowledge? A first step is to know which myths prevail and its relation to training in psychology.

Objective:

To explore myth's prevalence among Spanish first-year university students of Social (SS) and Engineering Sciences (ES) (Study 1), and among different levels of expertise in psychology (Study 2).

Method:

Questionnaire including 21 myths. Study 1: 175 first-year SS and ES undergraduates. Study 2: 102 lay, semi-experts and experts in psychology.

Results:

Lower prevalence of myths among Spanish students than in other countries (approx. 37% vs. 60%), with SS students performing better than ES students. Experts performed significantly better (14% myths endorsed) than lay students (33%), but not than semi-experts (19%).

Conclusions:

The lower prevalence of myths compared to other countries may be due to methodological and sociocultural aspects. University training in psychology helps to better identify myths but does not eradicate them.

Teaching Implications:

Need to reflect on the little progress beyond a medium level of expertise. Teachers and students must identify their own myths and work on them in classroom, promoting critical thinking.
Hepatitis B virus-associated cryoglobulinaemia diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Weiying , Han Yongmei
Published: November 2022

Cryoglobulinaemia can manifest as fatigue, purpura, and joint pain, and can involve the kidneys and peripheral nervous system. Type II and mixed cryoglobulinemia cases are usually associated with hepatitis C virus infection and autoimmune diseases, and most cases reported outside China have been related to hepatitis C virus. The pathological manifestation of cryoglobulinaemia glomerulonephritis is always membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis or membranous nephropathy; other pathological types are rare. This current case report describes a female patient with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis. The patient had hepatitis B complicated with purpura, abnormal urinalysis and renal function. She was positive for rheumatoid factor and had decreased complement, and her blood cryoglobulin level was positive. The pathological findings were consistent with late-stage capillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, which improved after steroid, immunosuppressant and anti-HBV treatment.
Coconut shell and husk biochar: A review of production and activation technology, economic, financial aspect and application
Authors: Ajien Azrine , Idris Juferi , Md Sofwan Nurzawani , Husen Rafidah , Seli Hazman
Published: November 2022

The coconut industry generates a relatively large amount of coconut shell and husk biomass, which can be utilized for industrial and environmental purposes. Immense potential for added value when coconut shell and husk biomass are turned into biochar and limited studies are available, making this review paper significant. This paper specifically presents the production and activation technology, economic and financial aspect and application of biochar from coconut shell and husk biomass. Pyrolysis, gasification and self-sustained carbonization are among the production technology discussed to convert this biomass into carbon-rich materials with distinctive characteristics. The surface characteristics of coconut-based biochar, that is, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ( SBET), pore volume ( Vp), pore diameter ( dp) and surface functional group can be enhanced by physical and chemical activation and metal impregnation. Due to their favourable characteristics, coconut shell and husk-activated biochar exhibit their potential as valuable adsorption materials for industrial and environmental application including biodiesel production, capacitive deionization, soil amendment, water treatment and carbon sequestration. With the knowledge of the potential, the coconut industry can contribute to both the local and global biocircular economy by producing coconut shell and husk biochar for economic development and environmental remediation. The capital and operating cost for production and activation processes must be taken into account to ensure bioeconomy sustainability, hence coconut shell and husk biomass have a great potential for income generation.
Does Burnout Decrease With Teacher Professional Identity Among Teachers in China?
Authors: Li Xinwei , Xiao Weilong , Sun Changkang , Li Weijian , Sun Binghai
Published: November 2022

In China, burnout is common among kindergarten, primary, and secondary school teachers. Previous studies have demonstrated that professional identity positively affects the prevention of burnout among teachers. However, studies on the mediating mechanisms behind and the moderating factors affecting this relationship remain scarce. In this study, the mediating role of work engagement as well as the moderating roles of self-efficacy and perceived organizational support in these relationships was examined. A total of 3,147 kindergarten, primary, and secondary school teachers completed self-reported questionnaires. SPSS 21.0 was used to conduct data analyses, and ordinary least square (OLS) regression was used to conduct mediation and moderation analyses. Results found that the relationship between teacher professional identity and burnout was partially mediated by work engagement. Through work engagement, teacher professional identity had the biggest predictive effects on burnout when the scores for self-efficacy and perceived organizational support were high. Implications for preventing burnout among teachers in the future were provided.