bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing thermoplastic elastomers selected as flexible three-dimensional printing materials for functional garment and technical textile applications
Authors: Korger Michael , Glogowsky Alexandra , Sanduloff Silke , Steinem Christine , Huysman Sofie , Horn Bettina , Ernst Michael , Rabe Maike
Published: June 2020

Three-dimensional printing has already been shown to be beneficial to the fabrication of custom-fit and functional products in different industry sectors such as orthopaedics, implantology and dental technology. Especially in personal protective equipment and sportswear, three-dimensional printing offers opportunities to produce functional garments fitted to body contours by directly printing protective and (posture) supporting elements on textiles. In this article, different flexible thermoplastic elastomers, namely, thermoplastic polyurethanes and thermoplastic styrene block copolymers with a Shore hardness range of 67A–86A are tested as suitable printing materials by means of extrusion-based fused deposition modelling. For this, adhesion force, abrasion and wash resistance tests are conducted using various knitted and woven workwear and sportswear fabrics primarily made of cotton, polyester or aramid as textile substrates. Due to polar interactions between thermoplastic polyurethane and textile substrates, excellent adhesion and high fastness to washing is observed. While fused-deposition-modelling-printed polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane polymers keep their abrasion–resistant properties, polyester-based thermoplastic polyurethanes are more prone to hydrolysis and can be partially degraded if presence of moisture cannot be excluded during polymer processing and printing. Thermoplastic styrene compounds generally exhibit lower adhesion and abrasion resistance, but these properties can be sufficient depending on the requirements of a particular application. Soft thermoplastic styrene filaments can be processed down to a Shore hardness of 70A resulting in three-dimensional printed parts with good quality and comfortable soft-touch surface. Finally, three demonstrator case studies are presented covering the entire process to realize the customized and three-dimensional printed textile. This encompasses product development and fabrication of a textile integrated custom-fit back protector and knee protector as well as customized functionalization of a technical interior textile for improved acoustic comfort. In the future, printing material modifications by compounding processes have to be taken into account for optimized functional performance.
Thiocyanation of α-amino carbonyl compounds for the synthesis of aromatic thiocyanates
Authors: Yi Niannian , Ouyang Mingjing , Liu Huimin , Yan Miao , Wen Xiaoyong , Xiong Yi , Yi Bing
Published: June 2020

A procedure for K2S2O8-mediated thiocyanation of α-amino carbonyl compounds has been developed for the synthesis of aromatic thiocyanates. A series of α-amino carbonyl compounds have been investigated, and the desired products are obtained in 74%–93% yields. This strategy has the advantages of simple reaction conditions without use of a transition-metal catalyst, high regioselectivity, and high efficiency. Moreover, we found that arylamine thiocyanates can also be obtained from α-amino carbonyl compounds and potassium thiocyanate in the presence of CoCl2·6H2O, I2, and dimethyl sulfoxide through the cleavage of the C–N bond. To explore the reaction mechanism, we designed several control experiments and proposed a possible mechanism using the experimental results and related literature reports.
Costal Chondrocyte–Derived Pellet-Type Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation versus Microfracture for Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Yoon Kyoung-Ho , Yoo Jae Doo , Choi Chong-Hyuk , Lee Jungsun , Lee Jin-Yeon , Kim Sang-Gyun , Park Jae-Young
Published: June 2020

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of costal chondrocyte–derived pellet-type autologous chondrocyte implantation (CCP-ACI) with microfracture (MFx) for repair of articular cartilage defects of the knee.

Design

Thirty subjects with an International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade 3 to 4 chondral defect (2-10 cm2 in area; ≤4 cm3 in volume) were randomized at a ratio of 2:1 (CCP-ACI:MFx). Twenty patients were allocated in the CCP-ACI group and 10 patients in the MFx group. CCP-ACI was performed by harvesting costal cartilage at least 4 weeks before surgery. Implantation was performed without any marrow stimulation. Efficacy and safety were assessed at weeks 8, 24, and 48 after surgery according to the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score and clinical outcomes.

Results

MOCART scores improved from baseline to 24 and 48 weeks postoperatively in both treatment groups. The improvement in MOCART scores in the CCP-ACI group was significantly greater than that in the MFx group at 24 and 48 weeks (39.1 vs 21.8 and 43.0 vs 24.8, respectively). The proportions of complete defect repair and complete integration were significantly higher in the CCP-ACI group than the MFx group at 48 weeks. Improvement in Lysholm score and KOOS subscores, including Function (Sports and Recreational Activity) and knee-related quality of life was significantly greater in the CCP-ACI group than the MFx group at 48 weeks (35.4 vs 31.5, 35.7 vs 28.5, and 27.9 vs 11.6, respectively).

Conclusion

Treatment of cartilage defects with CCP-ACI yielded satisfactory cartilage tissue repair outcomes, with good structural integration with native cartilage tissue shown by magnetic resonance imaging at 24 and 48 weeks after surgery.

Level of Evidence

Level 1: Randomized controlled study.
Aging Cartilage in Wild-Type Mice: An Observational Study
Authors: Akoum Joulnar , Tahiri Khadija , Corvol Marie-Thérèse , Borderie Didier , Étienne François , Rannou François , Nguyen Christelle
Published: June 2020

Objective

To describe the spontaneous evolution of age-related changes affecting knee joint articular cartilage, walking speed and a serum biomarker of cartilage remodeling in C57BL/6-JRj wild-type male mice.

Design

Histological changes were assessed by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score (0=normal, 6=vertical clefts/erosion to the calcified cartilage extending >75% of the articular surface) in newborn, 1-week- and 1-, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month-old C57BL/6-JRj wild-type male mice, walking speed by the Locotronic system, and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) content by ELISA in 1-, 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old C57BL/6-JRj wild-type male mice.

Results

Mean (SD) OARSI score significantly increased from 0.2 (0.3) to 1.3 (0.6) ( p=0.03) between 1 and 3 months of age and from 1.3 (0.6) to 3.3 (0.6) ( p=0.04) between 3 and 6 months of age. Mean walking speed was stable between 1 and 6 months of age but significantly decreased from 11.4 (1.8) to 3.2 (0.8) cm.s-1 ( p=0.03) between 6 and 9 months of age. Serum CTX-II content was maximal at 1 month of age, then decreased from 12.2 (8.5) to 2.4 (8.4) pg/ml ( p=0.02) between 1 and 3 months of age, remaining low and stable thereafter.

Conclusions

C57BL/6-JRj wild-type male mice showed continuously increasing osteoarthritic changes but delayed decreasing walking speed with age. These variations were maximal between 3 and 9 months of age. Maximal serum CTX-II content preceded these changes.
Receiving asylum seekers: Risks and resources of professionals
Authors: Gozzoli Caterina , Leo Amalia De
Published: June 2020

This study focuses on the experiences of professionals working with refugees and asylum seekers in the North of Italy. In the last years, professionals who work in this sector have been exposed to an increasing risk of physical and emotional malaise because of the number of challenges they daily manage. A qualitative study has been conducted with the aim of exploring the resource and the fatigue factors of professionals, in relation to their state of well-being or discomfort. Eight focus groups with multi-professional teams were held in eight refugee centres, for a total of 28 professionals involved (16 males and 12 females). The results allowed the description of three different professional profile conditions: Fatigued, Idealizing and Engaged.
Breastfeeding is associated with reduced risk of multiple sclerosis in males, predominantly among HLA-DRB1*15:01 carriers
Authors: Hedström AK , Adams C , Shao X , Schaefer C , Olsson T , Barcellos LF , Alfredsson L
Published: June 2020

Background

Breastfeeding as an infant appears protective against later development of some autoimmune diseases, but research into its influence on multiple sclerosis (MS) risk has yielded inconclusive results.

Objective

We investigated the possible impact of breastfeeding on MS risk.

Methods

We used two population-based case–control studies comprising 3670 cases and 6737 matched controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association between MS and exposure to prolonged breastfeeding (4 months or longer) versus reduced breastfeeding (less than 4 months). A meta-analysis of case–control studies that assessed the impact of breastfeeding on MS risk among women and men was conducted.

Results

Prolonged breastfeeding was associated with reduced MS risk among men (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9) but not among women (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8–1.1). Among men, a synergistic effect was observed between HLA-DRB1*15:01 carrier status and reduced breastfeeding.

Conclusions

Findings from the current study add to accumulating evidence that breastfeeding may be a modifiable protective factor for reducing the risk of MS in offspring. When possible, mothers should be supported to breastfeed their infants; however, the mechanism of a sex-specific biologic effect of breastfeeding on MS risk is unclear.
The Complexities of Race and Place: Childhood Neighborhood Disadvantage and Adult Incarceration for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos
Authors: Alvarado Steven Elías
Published: June 2020

The author uses restricted geocoded tract-level panel data (1986–2014) that span the prison boom and the acceleration of residential segregation in the United States from two cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979 and Children and Young Adults) to study whether the association between childhood neighborhood disadvantage and adult incarceration varies by race and ethnicity. Sibling fixed-effects models suggest that exposure to childhood neighborhood disadvantage increases the likelihood of incarceration in adulthood, net of observed and unobserved adjustments. However, the association appears weakest for blacks, especially black boys, compared with whites and Latinos. This suggests a more consistent likelihood of incarceration for blacks across all neighborhood origins. The author discusses potential theoretical explanations, including discrimination in profiling, policing, surveillance, and other prejudicial policies in the criminal justice system that are likely to uniquely affect blacks from all neighborhoods.
Poisoning for Profit: Regulatory Rollbacks, Public Health, and State-Facilitated Corporate Crime
Authors: Michalowski Raymond , Brown Meredith
Published: June 2020

A core policy goal of the Trump administration has been rolling back or weakening regulations designed to protect workers, consumers, the environment, and general public health from known corporate harms. These rollbacks constitute the most far-reaching effort to free corporate capital from regulatory restraint since the onset of corporate regulation at the dawn of the 20th century. We propose that blending state–corporate crime and public health frameworks can help us better understand and analyze the short- and long-term impacts of the current rollback regime. We also propose that the regulatory rollbacks currently underway create conditions for an increase in state-facilitated corporate crimes that will result in excess deaths, avoidable illnesses and injuries, and a degradation of public health. We provide specific examples involving deregulatory acts regarding water, air, labor, and food, concluding with a call for a public health criminology and an openly democratic, evidence based, and discrimination-free system for minimizing the harms of corporate profit-seeking.
Beyond Trump: Neoliberal Capitalism and the Abolition of Corporate Crime
Authors: Snider Laureen
Published: June 2020

This article argues that the dramatic destruction of regulatory agencies in the United States undertaken by the regime of Donald Trump has exposed the weakness of forces opposing global neoliberal capitalism. From the 1980s, as governments bought into neoliberal doctrines lauding the superiority of market forces and the “inefficiency” of regulation, agencies in most capitalist democracies have been downsized, privatized, and starved of resources and staff. But the Trump agenda evisceration has been unprecedented in its breadth and speed. This article, first, documents the extent of the destruction of protective legislation in three key areas: environmental, financial, and labor. Second, it examines the nature and extent of resistance, and third, the resilience of American capitalism despite ongoing and active resistance.
The U.S. Student Loan Debt Crisis: State Crime or State-Produced Harm?
Authors: Carlson Susan M.
Published: June 2020

The unprecedented US$1.64 trillion level of student loan debt in the United States can be linked to the neoliberal process of privatization of higher education. But is the U.S. student loan debt crisis a state crime? This article examines the social harm student loan debt has caused; proposes an explanation for the shift to debt-financed, commodified public higher education; reveals government disinvestment in public higher education; details the transition of public higher education as a public good to higher education as a commodity financed with debt; and describes Obama administration reforms and De Vos/Trump administration attempts at policy rollback and further privatization. I situate the U.S. student loan debt crisis case in recent debates about crime, social harm, and zemiology.
Affective Touch: The Enigmatic Spinal Pathway of the C-Tactile Afferent
Authors: Marshall Andrew G , McGlone Francis P
Published: June 2020

C-tactile afferents are hypothesized to form a distinct peripheral channel that encodes the affective nature of touch. Prevailing views indicate they project, as with other unmyelinated afferents, in lamina I-spinothalamic pathways that relay homeostatically relevant information from the body toward cortical regions involved in interoceptive processing. However, in a recent study, we found that spinothalamic ablation in humans, while profoundly impairing the canonical spinothalamic modalities of pain, temperature, and itch, had no effect on benchmark psychophysical affective touch metrics. These novel findings appear to indicate that perceptual judgments about the affective nature of touch pleasantness do not depend on the integrity of the lamina I-spinothalamic tract. In this commentary, we further discuss the implications of these unexpected findings. Intuitively, they suggest that signaling of emotionally relevant C-tactile mediated touch occurs in an alternative ascending pathway. However, we also argue that the deficits seen following interruption of a putative C-tactile lamina I-spinothalamic relay might be barely perceptible—a feature that would underline the importance of the C-tactile afferent in neurodevelopment.
Statistical analyses and quality of individual participant data network meta-analyses were suboptimal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gao Ya , Shi Shuzhen , Li Muyang , Luo Xinyue , Liu Ming , Yang Kelu , Zhang Junhua , Song Fujian , Tian Jinhui
Published: June 2020

Background

Network meta-analyses using individual participant data (IPD-NMAs) have been increasingly used to compare the effects of multiple interventions. Although there have been many studies on statistical methods for IPD-NMAs, it is unclear whether there are statistical defects in published IPD-NMAs and whether the reporting of statistical analyses has improved. This study aimed to investigate statistical methods used and assess the reporting and methodological quality of IPD-NMAs.

Methods

We searched four bibliographic databases to identify published IPD-NMAs. The methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2 and reporting quality assessed based on PRISMA-IPD and PRISMA-NMA. We performed stratified analyses and correlation analyses to explore the factors that might affect quality.

Results

We identified 21 IPD-NMAs. Only 23.8% of the included IPD-NMAs reported statistical techniques used for missing participant data, 42.9% assessed the consistency, and none assessed the transitivity. None of the included IPD-NMAs reported sources of funding for trials included, only 9.5% stated pre-registration of protocols, and 28.6% assessed the risk of bias in individual studies. For reporting quality, compliance rates were lower than 50.0% for more than half of the items. Less than 15.0% of the IPD-NMAs reported data integrity, presented the network geometry, or clarified risk of bias across studies. IPD-NMAs with statistical or epidemiological authors often better assessed the inconsistency (P = 0.017). IPD-NMAs with a priori protocol were associated with higher reporting quality in terms of search (P = 0.046), data collection process (P = 0.031), and syntheses of results (P = 0.006).

Conclusions

The reporting of statistical methods and compliance rates of methodological and reporting items of IPD-NMAs were suboptimal. Authors of future IPD-NMAs should address the identified flaws and strictly adhere to methodological and reporting guidelines.
Integrated care pathways for Black persons with traumatic brain injury: a protocol for a critical transdisciplinary scoping review
Authors: Omar Samira , James LLana , Colantonio Angela , Nixon Stephanie A.
Published: June 2020

Background

Current understandings of the etiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the trajectory of care significantly lack consideration for the inclusion of Black populations. The global prevalence of TBI is increasing, particularly in North America and Europe where approximately 65 million people are affected every year. Although community integration is an ultimate goal of rehabilitation post injury, persons with TBI, particularly Black populations continually face challenges with regards to unmet needs along the continuum of care including meaningful participation and vocation, resulting in occupational deprivation. While integrated care is seen as an appealing approach to service delivery, little is known about what this means for Black people with TBI. This protocol produces the first critical transdisciplinary (CTD) scoping review mapping the extent, range, and nature of integrated care pathways for Black people experiencing TBI.

Methods

CTD provides an analytical tool with a health equity lens that will be applied as both a methodology and theory for undertaking this review. Under the methodological guidance of Arksey and O’Malley, CTD will be used to map the literature and better understand the elements of integrated care pathways for Black people experiencing TBI. To identify the published literature, several databases will be searched including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts.

Discussion

The application of CTD compels health-care providers, administrators, clinician-scientists, rehabilitation specialists, and scholars in the field of TBI and integrated care to re-examine hidden assumptions about racism, racialization, and Blackness that are often embedded in current visions of health for all. The health equity lens of CTD asks about who is accounted for in the research and clinical literature and who is absented. It is anticipated that applying the health equity lens of CTD will provide a critical examination of the literature and illuminate significant implications for integrated care for Black persons experiencing TBI.

Systematic review registration

Not applicable.
Novel insights into the Thaumarchaeota in the deepest oceans: their metabolism and potential adaptation mechanisms
Authors: Zhong Haohui , Lehtovirta-Morley Laura , Liu Jiwen , Zheng Yanfen , Lin Heyu , Song Delei , Todd Jonathan D. , Tian Jiwei , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: June 2020

Background

Marine Group I (MGI)Thaumarchaeota, which play key roles in the global biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and carbon (ammonia oxidizers), thrive in the aphotic deep sea with massive populations. Recent studies have revealed that MGIThaumarchaeotawere present in the deepest part of oceans—the hadal zone (depth > 6000 m, consisting almost entirely of trenches), with the predominant phylotype being distinct from that in the “shallower” deep sea. However, little is known about the metabolism and distribution of these ammonia oxidizers in the hadal water.

Results

In this study, metagenomic data were obtained from 0–10,500 m deep seawater samples from the Mariana Trench. The distribution patterns ofThaumarchaeotaderived from metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were in line with that reported in previous studies: abundance ofThaumarchaeotapeaked in bathypelagic zone (depth 1000–4000 m) and the predominant clade shifted in the hadal zone. Several metagenome-assembled thaumarchaeotal genomes were recovered, including a near-complete one representing the dominant hadal phylotype of MGI. Using comparative genomics, we predict that unexpected genes involved in bioenergetics, including two distinct ATP synthase genes (predicted to be coupled with H+and Na+respectively), and genes horizontally transferred from other extremophiles, such as those encoding putative di-myo-inositol-phosphate (DIP) synthases, might significantly contribute to the success of this hadal clade under the extreme condition. We also found that hadal MGI have the genetic potential to import a far higher range of organic compounds than their shallower water counterparts. Despite this trait, hadal MDI ammonia oxidation and carbon fixation genes are highly transcribed providing evidence they are likely autotrophic, contributing to the primary production in the aphotic deep sea.

Conclusions

Our study reveals potentially novel adaptation mechanisms of deep-sea thaumarchaeotal clades and suggests key functions of deep-seaThaumarchaeotain carbon and nitrogen cycling.
PET/MRI reveals ongoing metabolic activity in ACL grafts one year post-ACL reconstruction
Authors: Korbin Seth , Salerno Michael , Achonu Justice U. , Huang Mingqian , Vaska Paul , Pawlak Amanda , Komatsu David E. , Paci James M.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To use serial PET/MRI imaging to radiographically evaluate the metabolic activity of the ACL graft over the first post-operative year.

Methods

Six patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction were recruited in this prospective study in an inpatient university hospital. All patients underwent femoral and tibial suspensory cortical fixation with quadrupled semitendinosus autograft hamstring ACL reconstruction by an orthopaedic surgeon. Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET and MRI of both the operative and non-operative knee was performed at three, six, and 12 months post-operatively. Quantification of the mean standardized uptake value (SUV) within the whole-knee, as well as tibial tunnel, femoral tunnel, and intra-articular graft regions of interest (ROIs).

Results

PET whole-knee activity was increased at all time-points post-operatively compared to the control, non-operative knee. Activity decreased over time, yet considerable generalized activity remained 1 year post-operatively, with relative intensity 34% percent higher than control. When the operative knee was divided into three whole-regions, there was greater activity in the tibia at three than 12 months, the femur at six than 12 months, and in the tibia compared to the intra-articular region at 3 months. When they were separated into sub-regions, results demonstrated greater activity closer to the joint surface.

Conclusions

PET/MRI evaluation of ACL graft reconstructions demonstrates evolving biologic activity within the graft and both tunnels. Focal areas of increased activity within the tunnels may indicate of ligamento-osseous morphologic changes. These data suggest that graft incorporation continues well beyond 1 year post-operatively.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
Long acting reversible contraceptives utilization and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Arsi Negele town, Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Hibstu Desalegn Tsegaw , Alemayehu Akalewold
Published: June 2020

Background

Ethiopia is the second populous country in Africa with a total fertility rate of 4.6 and contraceptive prevalence of 35%, where implant and intrauterine contraceptive devices account for 8 and 2% respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of long acting reversible contraceptives utilization and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in Arsi Negele town, Southeastern Ethiopia.

Methods

Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 01–May 30, 2017. A total of 361 women using modern contraceptives were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Pre-tested and interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed using SPSS version 20.0 software.

Result

The magnitude of long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) utilization was 33.5% [95% CI, 28.5–38.8]. Husband with no formal education [AOR = 0.41, CI: 0.16, 0.78] and unemployed women [AOR = 0.35, CI: 0.42, 0.65] were negative predictors while having media exposure [AOR = 7.14, CI: 3.85, 13.25], women who desired only one child [AOR = 3.28, CI; 1.28, 8.39] and husband support [AOR = 7.33, CI: 3.48, 15.43] were positive predictors of LARCs utilization.

Conclusion

The overall utilization of LARCs is 33.5%. Creating employment opportunities, male involvement, advertisement and advocacy activities through mass media need to be considered to improve utilization of LARCs.
President's Page
Authors: Smith Tad
Published: June 2020

I am writing this column in early April, but I am cautiously optimistic that by the time it goes to press in late May, we will be through the worst of the COVID-19 crisis (or at least well on our way to recovery). Hopefully, oil prices also will have rebounded, and life will have returned to normal. More likely, we will be developing a sense of what our “new normal” looks like. I suspect the way we live, work, engage with others, and relax will be changed forever. As I write this, though, nearly all major cities are under some sort of shelter-in-place order, all schools and many businesses are closed, and a large part of our economy is under extreme duress. And as you are painfully aware, oil prices have plummeted in recent weeks due to the combined impacts of a drop in demand, gross oversupply, and the geopolitical landscape.
3D distributed and dispersed source array acquisition and data processing
Authors: Tsingas Constantinos , Almubarak Mohammed S. , Jeong Woodon , Al Shuhail Abdulrahman , Trzesniowski Zygmunt
Published: June 2020

Numerous field acquisition examples and case studies have demonstrated the importance of recording, processing, and interpreting broadband land data. In most seismic acquisition surveys, three main objectives should be considered: (1) dense spatial source and receiver locations to achieve optimum subsurface illumination and wavefield sampling; (2) coverage of the full frequency spectrum, i.e., broadband acquisition; and (3) cost efficiency. Consequently, an effort has been made to improve the manufacturing of seismic vibratory sources by providing the ability to emit both lower (approximately 1.5 Hz) and higher frequencies (approximately 120 Hz) and of receivers by utilizing single, denser, and lighter digital sensors. All these developments achieve both operational (i.e., weight, optimized power consumption) and geophysical benefits (i.e., amplitude and phase response, vector fidelity, tilt detection). As part of the effort to reduce the acquisition cycle time, increase productivity, and improve seismic imaging and resolution while optimizing costs, a novel seismic acquisition survey was conducted employing 24 vibrators generating two different types of sweeps in a 3D unconstrained decentralized and dispersed source array field configuration. During this novel blended acquisition design, the crew reached a maximum of 65,000 vibrator points during 24 hours of continuous recording, which represents significantly higher productivity than a conventional seismic crew operating in the same area using a nonblended centralized source mode. Applying novel and newly developed deblending algorithms, high-resolution images were obtained. In addition, two data sets (i.e., low-frequency and medium-high-frequency sources) were merged to obtain full-bandwidth broadband seismic images. Data comparisons between the distributed blended and nonblended conventional surveys, acquired by the same crew during the same time over the same area, showed that the two data sets are very similar in the poststack and prestack domains.
Reviews
Authors: Rüger Andreas , Brittan John , Avakian Robert
Published: June 2020

Deep learning for computer vision: Image classification, object detection, and face recognition in Python, by Jason Brownlee, 2020, Machine Learning Mastery, 563 p., US$0 (eBook). Illustrated Seismic Processing: Volume 1: Imaging, by Stephen J. Hill and Andreas Rüger, ISBN 978-1-560-80361-4, 2019, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 330 p., US$39 (members), US$72 (nonmembers). Geology: A Very Short Introduction, by Jan Zalasiewicz, ISBN 978-0-198-80445-1, 2018, Oxford University Press, 168 p., US$11.95 (print).
Suicide rates and voting choice in the UK's 2016 national Brexit referendum on European Union membership: cross-sectional ecological investigation across England's local authority populations
Authors: Steeg Sarah , Webb Roger T. , Ibrahim Saied , Appleby Louis , Kapur Nav
Published: June 2020

Background

Individual- and area-level risk factors for suicide are relatively well-understood but the role of macro social factors such as alienation, social fragmentation or ‘anomie’ is relatively underresearched. Voting choice in the 2016 referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union (EU) provides a potential measure of anomie.

Aims

To examine associations between percentage ‘Leave’ votes in the EU referendum and suicide rates in 2015–2017, the period just prior to, and following, the referendum.

Method

National cross-sectional ecological study of 315 English local authority populations. Associations between voting choice in the EU referendum and age-standardised suicide rates, averaged for the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, were examined.

Results

Overall there was a weak, but statistically significant, positive correlation between the local authority-level percentage ‘Leave’ vote in 2016 and the suicide rate 2015–2017: Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.17; P = 0.003. This relationship was explained by populations having an older age distribution, being more deprived and lacking ethnic diversity. However, there was divergence (likelihood ratio test for interaction, χ2 = 7.2, P = 0.007) in the observed associations between London and the provincial regions with Greater London having a moderately strong negative association (r = −0.40; P = 0.02) and the rest of England a weak positive association (r = 0.17; P = 0.004).

Conclusions

Deprivation, older age distribution and a lack of ethnic diversity seems to explain raised suicide risk in Brexit-voting communities. A greater sense of alienation among people feeling ‘left behind’/‘left out’ may have had some influence too, although multilevel modelling of individual- versus area-level data are needed to examine these complex relationships. The incongruent ecological relationship observed for London likely reflect its distinct social, economic and health context.
PRISM: A Platform for Imaging in Precision Medicine
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Tarbox Lawrence , Kurc Tahsin , Bona Jonathan , Smith Kirk , Kathiravelu Pradeeban , Bremer Erich , Saltz Joel H. , Prior Fred
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE

Precision medicine requires an understanding of individual variability, which can only be acquired from large data collections such as those supported by the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). We have undertaken a program to extend the types of data TCIA can support. This, in turn, will enable TCIA to play a key role in precision medicine research by collecting and disseminating high-quality, state-of-the-art, quantitative imaging data that meet the evolving needs of the cancer research community

METHODS

A modular technology platform is presented that would allow existing data resources, such as TCIA, to evolve into a comprehensive data resource that meets the needs of users engaged in translational research for imaging-based precision medicine. This Platform for Imaging in Precision Medicine (PRISM) helps streamline the deployment and improve TCIA’s efficiency and sustainability. More importantly, its inherent modular architecture facilitates a piecemeal adoption by other data repositories.

RESULTS

PRISM includes services for managing radiology and pathology images and features and associated clinical data. A semantic layer is being built to help users explore diverse collections and pool data sets to create specialized cohorts. PRISM includes tools for image curation and de-identification. It includes image visualization and feature exploration tools. The entire platform is distributed as a series of containerized microservices with representational state transfer interfaces.

CONCLUSION

PRISM is helping modernize, scale, and sustain the technology stack that powers TCIA. Repositories can take advantage of individual PRISM services such as de-identification and quality control. PRISM is helping scale image informatics for cancer research at a time when the size, complexity, and demands to integrate image data with other precision medicine data-intensive commons are mounting.
Commonly Used Drugs for Medical Illness and the Nervous System
Authors: Vo Mary L.
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article provides an overview of the neurologic side effects of commonly prescribed medications, some of which can result in significant impairment if not addressed. This article aims to help clinicians recognize neurologic adverse drug reactions of a range of medication classes.

RECENT FINDINGS

Adverse drug reactions are a source of significant morbidity and rising health care costs. Failure to recognize neurologic adverse drug reactions may prompt unnecessary testing to identify a primary neurologic condition and expose the patient to continued adverse effects of a medication. Familiarity with the side effect profiles of newer medications, timing of side effects, pattern of reaction, medication rechallenge, and concurrent medical issues and awareness of significant medication interactions may aid in the identification of a medication side effect.

Early recognition of neurologic adverse medication reactions can be challenging but is essential to prompt discontinuation of the offending medication or administration of specific symptomatic treatments in select cases. A high index of suspicion is needed to arrive at the correct diagnosis promptly, initiate a treatment plan, limit unnecessary testing, and reduce overall health care cost burden.
Places without Police
Authors: Seigel Micol
Published: June 2020

This reflection explores two loose social formations in contemporary Brazil that offer potentially inspiring political models. One consists of queer, Afro-descended activists invoking quilombos to curate welcoming spaces for community engagement and support. The other is the Primeiro Comando da Capital, or PCC, a prisoner organization that at times has evaded state violence as effectively as some quilombos did in their day. This uneven set illuminates possibilities for social organization that might escape the vicious disciplinary and labor regimes of racial capitalism operative across the Atlantic since the sixteenth century. All have historical relationships to slavery, although very dissimilar ones, and share little else, so the patterns they reveal involve not likeness but iterations of the fact that people beset by state violence seek to evade it, occasionally by struggling to forge what it might help to think of as places without police.
Restorative Posters
Authors:   Project NIA, Kim Monica , Djagalov Rossen
Published: June 2020

Restorative Posters: Representing Justice Visually is an initiative by Project NIA, a Chicago-based organization founded and directed by Mariame Kaba. The project features a series of downloadable posters mostly created by Chicago-based artists and focuses on the potential of art to generate questions and foster dialogue on restorative and transformative justice.
A cellular model of albumin endocytosis uncovers a link between membrane and nuclear proteins
Authors: Urae Seiya , Harita Yutaka , Udagawa Tomohiro , Ode Koji L. , Nagahama Masami , Kajiho Yuko , Kanda Shoichiro , Saito Akihiko , Ueda Hiroki R. , Nangaku Masaomi , Oka Akira
Published: June 2020

Cubilin (CUBN) and amnionless (AMN), expressed in kidney and intestine, form a multiligand receptor complex called CUBAM that plays a crucial role in albumin absorption. To date, the mechanism of albumin endocytosis mediated by CUBAM remains to be elucidated. Here, we describe a quantitative assay to evaluate albumin uptake by CUBAM using cells expressing full-length CUBN and elucidate the crucial roles of the C-terminal part of CUBN and the endocytosis signal motifs of AMN in albumin endocytosis. We also demonstrate that nuclear valosin-containing protein-like 2 (NVL2), an interacting protein of AMN, is involved in this process. Although NVL2 was mainly localized in the nucleolus in cells without AMN expression, it was translocated to the extranuclear compartment when coexpressed with AMN. NVL2 knockdown significantly impaired internalization of the CUBN-albumin complex in cultured cells, demonstrating an involvement of NVL2 in endocytic regulation. These findings uncover a link between membrane and nucleolar proteins that is involved in endocytic processes.
Vacuolins and myosin VII are required for phagocytic uptake and phagosomal membrane recycling in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Bosmani Cristina , Leuba Florence , Hanna Nabil , Bach Frauke , Burdet Frédéric , Pagni Marco , Hagedorn Monica , Soldati Thierry
Published: June 2020

Flotillins are lipid raft residents involved in membrane trafficking and recycling of plasma membrane proteins. Dictyostelium discoideum uses phagocytosis to kill, digest and feed on bacteria. It possesses three flotillin-like vacuolins that are strongly associated with membranes and that gradually accumulate on maturing phagosomes. Absence of vacuolins reduced adhesion and particle recognition resulting in a drastic reduction in the uptake of various types of particles. This was caused by a block in the recycling of plasma membrane components and the absence of their specific cortex-associated proteins. In addition, absence of vacuolins also impaired phagolysosome biogenesis, without significantly impacting killing and digestion of a range of bacteria. Strikingly, both absence and overexpression of vacuolins induced a strong downregulation of myosin VII (also known as MyoI) expression, as well as its binding partner talin A. Episomal expression of myosin VII fully rescued defects in uptake and adhesion but not in phagosome maturation. These results suggest a dual role for vacuolins: a novel mechanism involving membrane microdomains and myosin VII–talin A in clustering phagosomal receptors and adhesion molecules at the plasma membrane, and a role in phagolysosomal biogenesis.
Quality and organizational culture in Medically Assisted Reproduction Unit
Authors: Gaitanou Konstantina
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Partial catalytic Cys oxidation of human GAPDH
Authors: Lia Andrea , Dowle Adam , Taylor Chris , Santino Angelo , Roversi Pietro
Published: June 2020

Background: n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyses the reversible NAD+-dependent oxidative phosphorylation of n-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-diphospho-n-glycerate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Methods: Four distinct crystal structures of human n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (HsGAPDH) have been determined from protein purified from the supernatant of HEK293F human epithelial kidney cells.

Results: X-ray crystallography and mass-spectrometry indicate that the catalytic cysteine of the protein (HsGAPDH Cys152) is partially oxidised to cysteine S-sulfonic acid. The average occupancy for the Cys152-S-sulfonic acid modification over the 20 crystallographically independent copies ofHsGAPDH across three of the crystal forms obtained is 0.31±0.17.

Conclusions: The modification induces no significant structural changes on the tetrameric enzyme, and only makes aspecific contacts to surface residues in the active site, in keeping with the hypothesis that the oxidising conditions of the secreted mammalian cell expression system result inHsGAPDH catalytic cysteine S-sulfonic acid modification and irreversible inactivation of the enzyme.
Production Functions of Labor Productivity in Modern Russia
Authors: Basovskiy Leonid , Basovskaya Elena
Published: June 2020

To identify determinants of labor productivity, correlation relationships of productivity of various indicators was evaluated, reflecting the influence of a wide range of socio-economic and innovative factors in the regions of Russia for 2015-2017. It has been established that many indicators characterizing socio-economic and innovative factors do not have a significant relationship with labor productivity and are multicollenarity (they have correlation relationships among themselves). For each year, according to statistics of 82 regions of Russia, econometric models in the form of a well-known standard internal linear function - an analog of the Cobb-Douglas production function are constructed. The obtained models indicate a positive impact on labor productivity, capital-labor ratio, foreign investment, wage levels, income inequality, inflation in industrial goods and export markets. The obtained simulation results showing a significant positive effect on labor productivity exerted by income inequality and the inflation rate on the industrial goods market, which indicates the action of economic mechanisms in the country in developed countries. When performing research, it was found that the positive impact of capital-labor ratio on productivity in 2015-2017 was reduced. This indicates a decrease in the efficiency of use of fixed capital in countries, about the crisis in the country's economy.
Labor and Capital: the Problem of Increasing the Effectiveness of the System of Labor Pensions in Modern Russia
Authors: Basovskaya Elena , Basovskiy Leonid
Published: June 2020

Reducing the coefficient of demographic support (the ratio of the number of people of working age to the number of people older than working age) makes the use of the principle of social solidarity underlying the pension system of modern Russia unpromising. Using the equations of financial mathematics, the basic characteristics of a pension system based on the accumulation of pension capital is estimated. The norms for replacing wages with pensions at various levels of the interest rate for increasing pension capital have been established. The obtained estimates showed that even with a pessimistic assessment of the interest rate for increasing pension capital of 2%, a wage replacement rate of 80% can be achieved. The pension system, which based on the accumulation of pension capital, makes it possible to provide decent retirement benefits for workers in modern Russia. It allows you to reduce the tax burden on the economy by reducing the amount of mandatory contributions to the song fund, since even with a pessimistic economic development scenario; the rate of contributions to the pension fund should be much lower than the existing one. Another advantage of the system is the emergence of a new source of long-term investment.
VR Technology and Its Impact on Academic Performance
Authors: Shirinkina Elena
Published: June 2020

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the potential of VR technologies is only just beginning to emerge. Virtual reality technology continues to gain popularity in the educational technology market. The article analyzes the virtual reality industry, which allows you to highlight the main segments of the technology. The key features of an effective education system are identified. The author concludes that the ultimate goal of all changes is the acceleration of talent and training for the digital economy.
Analysis of Key Research and Development of Economic Systems
Authors: Grishina Svetlana
Published: June 2020

The article discusses issues of analysis and design of economic systems. It is shown that it is most natural to use well-designed systems theory methods for this purpose. The article continues a series of works by the author on the adaptation of management theory techniques to economic objects. This paper highlights the main tasks that should be solved in the study of economic systems. The main directions of their decision are noted, the work carried out in this direction is highlighted.
Household Investment in Bank Deposits: Analysis of the Current Situation
Authors: Gridneva B.
Published: June 2020

In conditions of macroeconomic instability and lack of financial resources for economic entities and the state, an important source of financing for economic growth is the resources attracted from the population in Bank deposits. However, the savings model of behavior of Russians in modern conditions noticeably transformed under the influence of a decrease in the purchasing power of wages and a decrease in living standards in the majority of the country's regions. The tariff policy implemented in credit institutions also reduces the attractiveness of Bank deposits. The article analyzes the current trends of citizens investing their funds in Bank deposits.
The Interaction of Economic Entities. Science Analogy
Authors: Babanov V. , Homyakov V.
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the possibility of using the results of some Sciences (in this case, the Law of universal gravitation) in the study of other Sciences. The Law of universal gravitation, which is one of the most important laws of nature, is described. The interaction of economic entities from the standpoint of the Law of universal gravitation is considered. The features of interaction between sellers and buyers are studied. It established that the fundamental reason for the attraction of economic entities is the need to meet their needs. The process of meeting the needs of an economic entity is described. The following concepts are introduced: inertial mass (mass of stability) of an economic subject, gravitational mass (mass of attraction) of an economic subject. The features of these indicators are studied. The analysis of changes in the forces of attraction between economic entities in the process of their interaction are carried out. The law of attraction of two economic entities is formulated.