bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic and geochemical impact of occasional saltwater intrusions through a submarine spring in a karst and thermal aquifer (Balaruc peninsula near Montpellier, France)
Authors: Pétré Marie-Amélie , Ladouche Bernard , Seidel Jean-Luc , Hemelsdaël Romain , de Montety Véronique , Batiot-Guilhe Christelle , Lamotte Claudine
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Submarine springs are a common discharge feature of the karst aquifers along the Mediterranean coast. In some instances, occasional and localized
saltwater intrusions can occur through the submarine spring and negatively
impact the quality of the groundwater resource. The hydraulic and
geochemical behaviour of a submarine spring discharging into the Thau Lagoon just offshore of the Balaruc peninsula near Montpellier, France, has been characterized to determine the impacts of such phenomena to better
understand the dynamics of a regional karst aquifer and improve its
groundwater management. This work is based on both historical and new
hydrogeological and geochemical data, illustrating six occasional saltwater intrusion events (from 1967 to 2014) in the Thau Lagoon area (southern France). Hydraulic perturbation of the aquifer is propagated instantly within the
Balaruc-les-Bains peninsula and reaches a distance of about 5 km upgradient within 9 d. Comparison of hydraulic heads during seawater intrusion events in 2010 and 2014 indicates an aggravation of the phenomenon with an increase in hydraulic head variations. In contrast, isotopic tracers (87Sr∕86Sr, D/H, 18O∕16O) and rare earth elements (REEs) demonstrate that the geochemical impact of these inversac events is only observed at the local scale but is still perceptible several years after the event. For example, some of the thermal wells had not recovered their initial geochemical state 20 and 40 months after the last two inversac events (2010 and 2014, respectively), suggesting a geochemical legacy of this phenomenon within the complex karst system. By contrast, an adjacent deep karst compartment located south of the study area is not affected by the saltwater intrusion and is characterized by distinctly different hydrodynamic behaviour. Overall, this work on occasional and localized saltwater intrusions constitutes a key step in understanding the dynamics of this complex karstic and thermal aquifer and will support the management of the groundwater resource.
Climate change overtakes coastal engineering as the dominant driver of hydrological change in a large shallow lagoon
Authors: Huang Peisheng , Hennig Karl , Kala Jatin , Andrys Julia , Hipsey Matthew R.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Ecosystems in shallow micro-tidal lagoons are particularly sensitive to hydrologic changes. Lagoons are complex transitional ecosystems between land and sea, and the signals of direct human disturbance can be confounded by variability of the climate system, but from an effective estuary management perspective, the effects of climate versus direct human engineering interventions need to be identified separately. This study developed a 3D finite-volume hydrodynamic model to assess changes in hydrodynamics of the Peel–Harvey Estuary, a large shallow lagoon with restricted connection with ocean; this was done by considering how attributes such as water retention time, salinity and stratification have responded to a range of factors, focusing on the drying climate trend and the opening of a large artificial channel over the period from 1970 to 2016, and how they will evolve under current climate projections. The results show that the introduction of the artificial channel has fundamentally modified the flushing and mixing within the lagoon, and the drying climate has changed the hydrology by comparable magnitudes to that of the opening of the artificial channel. The results also highlight the complexity of their interacting impacts. Firstly, the artificial channel successfully improved the estuary flushing by reducing average water ages by 20–110 d, while in contrast the reduced precipitation and catchment inflow had a gradual opposite effect on the water ages; during the wet season this has almost counteracted the reduction brought about by the channel. Secondly, the drying climate caused an increase in the salinity of the lagoon by 10–30 PSU (Practical Salinity Unit); whilst the artificial channel increased the salinity during the wet season, it has reduced the likelihood of hypersalinity (>40 PSU) during the dry season in some areas. The opening of the artificial channel was also shown to increase the seawater fluxes and salinity stratification, while the drying climate acted to reduce the salinity stratification in the main body of the estuary. The impacts also varied spatially in this large lagoon. The southern estuary, which has the least connection with the ocean through the natural channel, is the most sensitive to climate change and the opening of the artificial channel. The projected future drying climate is shown to slightly increase the retention time and salinity in the lagoon and increase the hypersalinity risk in the rivers. The significance of these changes for nutrient retention and estuary ecology are discussed, highlighting the importance of these factors when setting up monitoring programmes, environmental flow strategies and nutrient load reduction targets.
Semi-empirical prediction of dam height and stability of dams formed by rock slope failures in Norway
Authors: Oppikofer Thierry , Hermanns Reginald L. , Jakobsen Vegard U. , Böhme Martina , Nicolet Pierrick , Penna Ivanna
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Based on an inventory of 69 dams formed by rock slope
failures in southwestern Norway and published inventories from other parts
of the world, we developed semi-empirical relationships linking the maximum
dam height (HD.max in metres) to dam volume (VD in
106 m3) and other relevant parameters such as valley width
(WV in metres) or dam area (AD in square kilometres). Power laws are
obtained for HD.max=f(VD) and HD.max=f(VD, WV),
while a linear relationship links HD.max to the ratio
VD∕AD. For dams in southwestern Norway, the linear relationship
HD.max=1.75×VD/AD has the least uncertainties and
provides the best results when comparing predicted dam heights with a validation
dataset composed of existing dams in northern Norway and numerically
modelled dams for possible rock slope failures. To assess the stability of
future dams, we use the predicted dam heights in the dimensionless blockage
index (DBI) and relating this index to the probability of dam failure derived
from our dataset and other published databases on landslide dams. This study
underlines the potential of semi-empirical relationships for assessing dam
height and stability that needs to be included in preliminary hazard and
risk assessment for unstable rock slopes, because damming of a river is an
important secondary effect of landslides due to upstream flooding and
possible outburst floods in the case of dam failure.
Detecting precursors of an imminent landslide along the Jinsha River
Authors: Yang Wentao , Liu Lianyou , Shi Peijun
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Landslides are major hazards that may pose serious
threats to mountain communities. Even landslides in remote mountains could
have non-negligible impacts on populous regions by blocking large rivers and
forming dam-breached mega floods. Usually, there are slope deformations
before major landslides occur, and detecting precursors such as slope
movement before major landslides is important for preventing possible
disasters. In this work, we applied multi-temporal optical remote sensing
images (Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2) and an image correlation method to detect
subpixel slope deformations of a slope near the town of Mindu in the Tibet
Autonomous Region. This slope is located on the right bank of the Jinsha
River, ∼80 km downstream from the famous Baige landslide. We used a
DEM-derived aspect to restrain background noise in image correlation
results. We found the slope remained stable from November 2015 to November
2018 and moved significantly from November 2018. We used more data to
analyse slope movement in 2019 and found retrogressive slope movements with
increasingly large deformations near the riverbank. We also analysed
spatial–temporal patterns of the slope deformation from October 2018 to
February 2020 and found seasonal variations in slope deformations. Only the
foot of the slope moved in dry seasons, whereas the entire slope was activated
in rainy seasons. Until 24 August 2019, the size of the slope with
displacements larger than 3 m was similar to that of the Baige landslide.
However, the river width at the foot of this slope is much narrower than the
river width at the foot of the Baige landslide. We speculate it may continue
to slide down and threaten the Jinsha River. Further modelling works should
be carried out to check if the imminent landslide could dam the Jinsha River and
measures should be taken to mitigate possible dam breach flood disasters. This
work illustrates the potential of using optical remote sensing to monitor
slope deformations over remote mountain regions.
Seasonal variability of the Arabian Sea intermediate circulation and its impact on seasonal changes of the upper oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Schmidt Henrike , Czeschel Rena , Visbeck Martin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the open ocean occur below
the surface in regions of weak ventilation and high biological productivity
with associated sinking organic matter. Very low levels of dissolved oxygen
alter biogeochemical cycles and significantly affect marine life. One of the
most intense though poorly understood OMZs in the world ocean is located in
the Arabian Sea between 300 and 1000 m of depth. An improved understanding of
the physical processes that have an impact on the OMZ in the Arabian Sea is
expected to increase the reliability of assessments of its future
development. This study uses reanalysis velocity fields from the ocean model HYCOM
(Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), which are verified with observational data,
to investigate advective pathways of Lagrangian particles into the Arabian
Sea OMZ at intermediate depths between 200 and 800 m. In the eastern basin, the vertical expansion of the OMZ is strongest during
the winter monsoon, revealing a core thickness 1000 m deep and oxygen values
below 5 µmol kg−1. The minimum oxygen concentration might be favoured
by a maximum water mass advection that follows the main advective pathway of
Lagrangian particles along the perimeter of the basin into the eastern basin
of the Arabian Sea during the winter monsoon. These water masses pass regions of
high primary production and respiration, contributing to the transport of low-oxygenated water into the eastern part of the OMZ. The maximum oxygen concentration in the western basin of the Arabian Sea
in May coincides with a maximum southward water mass advection in the
western basin during the spring intermonsoon, supplying the western core of the
OMZ with high-oxygenated water. The maximum oxygen concentration in the eastern basin of the Arabian Sea
in May might be associated with the northward inflow of water across
10∘ N into the Arabian Sea, which is highest during the spring
intermonsoon. The Red Sea outflow of advective particles into the western and eastern
basin starts during the summer monsoon associated with the northeastward
current during the summer monsoon. On the other hand, waters from the Persian
Gulf are advected with little variation on seasonal timescales. As the weak seasonal cycle of oxygen concentration in the eastern and
western basin can be explained by seasonally changing advection of water
masses at intermediate depths into the Arabian Sea OMZ (ASOMZ), the simplified backward-trajectory approach seems to be a good method for prediction of the
seasonality of advective pathways of Lagrangian particles into the ASOMZ.
Seismic monitoring of urban activity in Barcelona during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Diaz Jordi , Ruiz Mario , Jara José-Antonio
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The city of Barcelona has been covered during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown by a dense seismic network consisting of up to 19 seismic sensors. This network has provided an excellent tool to investigate in detail the background seismic noise variations associated to the lockdown measures. Permanent stations facilitate to compare the seismic noise recorded during the lockdown quieting with long-term variations due to holiday periods. On the other hand, the data acquired by the dense network show the differences between sites located near industrial areas, transportation hubs or residential areas. The results confirm that the quieting of human activity during lockdown has resulted in a reduction of seismic vibrations in the 2–20 Hz band clearly higher than during holiday seasons. This effect is observed throughout the city, but only those stations not affected by very proximal sources of vibration (construction sites, industries) are clearly correlated with the level of activity denoted by other indicators. Our contribution demonstrates that seismic amplitude variations can be used as a proxy for human activity in urban environments, providing details similar to those offered by other mobility indicators.
Using ICESat-2 and Operation IceBridge altimetry for supraglacial lake depth retrievals
Authors: Fair Zachary , Flanner Mark , Brunt Kelly M. , Fricker Helen Amanda , Gardner Alex
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Supraglacial lakes and melt ponds occur in the ablation zones of Antarctica and Greenland during the summer months. Detection of lake extent, depth, and temporal evolution is important for understanding glacier dynamics. Previous remote sensing observations of lake depth are limited to estimates from passive satellite imagery, which has inherent uncertainties, and there is little ground truth available. In this study, we use laser altimetry data from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) over the Antarctic and Greenland ablation zones and the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) for Hiawatha Glacier (Greenland) to demonstrate retrievals of supraglacial lake depth. Using an algorithm to separate lake surfaces and beds, we present case studies for 12 supraglacial lakes with the ATM lidar and 12 lakes with ICESat-2. Both lidars reliably detect bottom returns for lake beds as deep as 7 m. Lake bed uncertainties for these retrievals are 0.05–0.20 m for ATM and 0.12–0.80 m for ICESat-2, with the highest uncertainties observed for lakes deeper than 4 m. The bimodal nature of lake returns means that high-confidence photons are often insufficient to fully profile lakes, so lower confidence and buffer photons are required to view the lake bed. Despite challenges in automation, the altimeter results are promising, and we expect them to serve as a benchmark for future studies of surface meltwater depths.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 9 No. 4
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: November 2020

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from August 1, 2020, to November 1, 2020. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Adriano Magliocco, University of Genoa, ItalyAghop Der-Karabetian, University of La Verne, USAChristiane do Nascimento Monte, Universidade Federal Fluminense, BrazilDastun Gabriel Msuya, Sokoine University Of Agriculture, TanzaniaDavid Layfield, University of Maryland, JapanElham Mohamed, National Research Centre, EgyptErfan Babaee Tirkolaee, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, IranFarhaoui Mohamed, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water, MoroccoHayssam Mohamed Ali, King Saud University, EgyptJoão Fernando Pereira Gomes, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, PortugueseManuel Mendoza-Carranza, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), MexicoMohammad Aghababaei, Washington State University, USAMona M. Amin Abdel-Fatah, National Research Center in Egypt, EgyptOylum Gokkurt Baki, Sinop University, TurkeyUsama Awan, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan
Latent Class Analysis of Students’ Science Motivation: A Comparison Between the United States and China
Authors: Sang Wenjuan , Maltese Adam
Published: November 2020

Using latent class analysis (LCA), we examine the potential ways of classifying students’ science motivation in the United States and China using data from PISA 2015. Based on a set of nine observed variables of science motivation, we identify three subgroups of cases varied in their internal patterns of motivation, covering, respectively, 24.78%, 12.85%, and 62.37% of the entire sample size. Instead of classifying students into groups with a linear increase in motivation scores, latent class analysis shows that there are students who feel pure enjoyment in learning science but do not associate science with their future careers (Class 1), students who do not like learning science but believe science is important to their future (Class 2), and students who have both high enjoyment and the prospect of doing science for a living in the future (Class 3). Multinomial logistic regression reveals that science motivation groups are significantly affected by gender, nationality, and family background.
Caracterización florística y estructural de especies arbóreas asociadas al bosque de encino-pino de la Reserva Santa Rosa, Estelí, Nicaragua
Authors: Reynoza Ruiz Luz Esmelda , Mayorga Arostegui Enrique
Published: November 2020

La caracterización estructural es uno de los principales fundamentos para entender la distribución y dominancia espacial de las especies forestales. El estudio se desarrolló en la Reserva Santa Rosa ubicado en el municipio de Estelí en la comunidad Almaciguera. Se realizó el levantamiento de cuatro parcelas circulares de 314 m2 cada una, a lo largo de un gradiente florístico de 1 km. Se registró el diámetro, altura, edad de los árboles y se recolectó material vegetativo a nivel herbáceo y arbustivo para caracterizar las estructuras de las especies en la asociación encontrada. Las especies reportadas en las parcelas mostró un total de 13 familias, 14 géneros y 19 especies herbáceas y arbustivas; se identificó especies bajo el dosel del bosque, especies herbáceas y arbustivas generalistas y selectivas de acuerdo a gradientes ambientales. La composición florística reportó densidades similares para Q. sapotifolia y densidades variantes para P. maximinoi. La prueba Kruskal Wallis reflejó una p=0.416 en cuatro rangos diferentes, los datos no presentaron diferencias significativas en la asociación. El coeficiente de Gini presentó los valores más desiguales para la parcela dos del área intervenida con 0.86, además de presentar la variación mayor en relación al diámetro con 79 cm para Quercus y presentar las parcelas más diversas en cuanto al número de especies. La dominancia, estuvo representada por Pinus con 15.61 m2 ha-1. El IR lo registró Pinus con 139.57 % en la parcela dos del área de bosque de pino esto se debe a que existe una etapa sucesional inicial y/o intermedia, debido al proceso de regeneración natural que ha presentado la especies como una estrategia para su permanencia.
Epistemologías indígenas y escolaridad. Relaciones y tensiones en el cotidiano escolar
Authors: Sulca Elisa Martina de los Ángeles
Published: November 2020

La investigación que sustenta este artículo fue resultado del doctorado con el propósito de comprender las dimensiones que urden la trama de las experiencias escolares de jóvenes en la Argentina que se autorreconocen al pueblo indígena Tastil y concurren a una escuela rural de nivel secundario. Se ahonda en el entramado de relaciones y tensiones entre el capital cultural (comunitario indígena y familiar) y el capital escolar que subyace en la unidad social representada por una configuración escolar y, que cobra sentido en el tejido social e histórico más amplio.

Por la naturaleza del objeto de estudio, el enfoque y la estructuración de la investigación se apoyan en un diseño de tipo cualitativo (Vasilachis de Gialdino, 2007). Se optó por un estudio de caso de carácter exploratorio. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron cuestionarios semiestructurados, entrevistas en profundidad y observaciones participantes. El material empírico obtenido pone en evidencia que los modos de hablar, comunicarse, concebir y ocupar el espacio social que traen consigo los estudiantes, guardan distancias significativas con el capital cultural que imparte y legitima la escuela. Más que un dialogo de epistemologías, hay una tensión y confrontación que deja al descubierto las desigualdades de poder entre grupos indígenas e institución escolar. Desigualdades que se expresan mediante procesos de inferiorización y discriminación que devalúa las subjetividades estudiantiles
Incidencia de bacterias patógenas en muestras de camarón fresco extraído en la Laguna de Bluefields
Authors: Zamora Hodgson Helton Roy , Rivas Suazo Enoc Geremias , Ebanks Mongalo Billy Francis , Siu Estrada Eduardo Alexander
Published: November 2020

Este estudio se basó en un enfoque mixto, se evaluaron la incidencia de bacterias patógenas en el camarón que se extrae de la Laguna de Bluefields y que se consume por la población, lo cual evidencia los posibles riesgos para su salud. Se realizaron capturas directas de camarones en tres puntos de muestreos (Half Way Cay, Banco Rojo y Santa María). Posteriormente se analizaron en el centro de investigaciones acuática de BICU, las bacterias fueron aisladas y purificadas en agar específicos para las bacterias Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Clostridium perfringens y Enterococcus faecalis. De las muestras obtenidas la que presentó mayor contaminación fue la de santa María, con presencia de Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens y Enterococcus faecalis, en Half Way Cay se presentó E.coli, pero estaba dentro de los valores aceptable de alimento que, no causa ningún riesgo para los consumidores, ya que presentaba 49 UFC/g. La muestra de Banco Rojo, presentó E.coli en valores aceptables, pero tenía la presencia de Salmonella sp, lo que indica que es un riesgo para los consumidores. Se puede decir que los camarones presentaron diferentes niveles de contaminación por lo cual se recomienda refrigerar el producto a temperaturas de -4ºc y prepararlos de manera que queden bien cocinados, evitar que niños y personas adultos mayores consuman el camarón pre-cocido o crudo, ya que son las personas más vulnerables a las toxinas de estas bacterias. Toda esta información debe ser pasada a decisores comunales y regionales para una intervención oportuna
Diagnóstico participativo y gestión universitaria del conocimiento para el desarrollo agropecuario local
Authors: Hernández Medin Carlos Alberto , Báez Hernández Alexander , Carrasco Fuentes Magdalys Alibet
Published: November 2020

La función del Centro Universitario Municipal (CUM) en la Red es coordinar la innovación tecnológica como centro de pivote que conecta el conocimiento producido en la Red Universitaria con las necesidades locales para resolver problemas productivos y de servicios, utilizando los principios de Educación Popular de Paulo Freire para introducir la ciencia que soluciona los problemas en Empresas Agropecuarias. En cuanto principio de pivote se realizó un diagnóstico en las formas productivas de la agricultura y se trabajó en un proyecto de mejora para resolver las dificultades.
El concepto de Red Local de Gestión Universitaria del Conocimiento e Innovación (GUCID por sus siglas en español) fue la base de un Sistema de Innovación Local y su creciente reconocimiento se basa en que, independientemente de la cantidad de conocimiento codificado que se produce, si no existe relación entre la cantidad de conocimiento codificado y las competencias (conocimiento tácito) encarnadas en los individuos y organizaciones, la localidad no captará el impulso productivo del conocimiento, ni lo traducirá en innovación siguiendo una trayectoria estable. camino de desarrollo. Se concluyó que la innovación, impulsada por los estudiantes en su rol de “extensionistas” logra la introducción de resultados científicos que aseguren una solución a los problemas productivos de las Unidades Agrícolas.
Aplicación del Algoritmo Cuántico de Grover al problema de Optimización de Calendarización de Agentes (Sin restricciones)
Authors: Flores Aldo
Published: November 2020

El trabajo presenta una curiosa aplicación del algoritmo cuántico de Grover para intentar solucionar el problema de optimización de calendarización de agentes. Comienza con el planteamiento del problema de calendarización y posteriormente desarrolla el algoritmo en detalle. Da especial relevancia al proceso de inversión sobre la media, mostrando de manera explicita la evolución de los estados cuánticos en cada iteración del algoritmo. Finalmente, expone los limites teóricos del algoritmo.
Comparative 4E and advanced exergy analyses and multi-objective optimization of refrigeration cycles with a heat recovery system
Authors: GOLBATEN MOFRAD Kamyar , ZANDİ Sina , SALEHİ Gholamreza , KHOSHGOFTAR MANESH Mohammad Hasan
Published: November 2020

This paper compares the refrigeration cycle (RC) and the heat recovery refrigeration cycle (HRRC) with ejector from the 4E (energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental) and advanced exergy point of view. In HRRC, heat recovery is used as a heat source for an organic Rankine cycle. Two working fluids R744 (CO2) and R744A (N2O) have been selected. The performance of the two cycles has been compared with both working fluids. The results of the energy and exergy analysis show that using HRRC with both refrigerants increases the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy efficiency. COP and exergy efficiency for HRRC-R744 have been obtained 2.82 and 30.7%, respectively. Due to the better thermodynamic performance of HRRC, other analyses have been performed on this cycle. Exergoeconomic analysis results show that using R744A leads to an increase in the total product cost. Total product cost with R744 and R744A have been calculated by 1.56 $/h and 1.96$/h. Moreover, exergoenvironmental analysis showed that using R744A refrigerant increases the product environmental impact by 32%. Due to the high amount of endogenous exergy destruction rate in the compressor and ejector compared to other equipment, they have more priority for improvement. Multi-objective optimization has been performed with exergy efficiency and total product cost objective functions as well as COP and product environmental impact for both refrigerants, which results indicate that HRRC-R744 performs better economically and environmentally. In optimal condition, the value of exergy efficiency, total product cost, COP, and the product environmental impact have been accounted for by 28.51%, 1.44 $/h, 2.76, and 149.01 mpts/h, respectively.
Size dependent thermodynamic properties of nanoparticles
Authors: KAREEM Sırwan , MAWLLOD Salar
Published: November 2020

Surface effect and crystal structure lead to formulating a theoretical model to study the influences of size on thermodynamic parameters, such as melting temperature, Debye temperature, melting entropy and specific heat capacity, of nanoparticles. The cohesive energy as a thermodynamic quantity was used to relate the ratio of surface area to volume of nanomaterial with thermodynamic properties which depend on size of the nanomaterial. In this contribution, Si and Au nanoparticles were considered to study due to their potential applications in science and technology. It was found that melting temperature, Debye temperature, melting entropy of nanoscale size material is decreased with decreasing the size up to their critical sizes. Whereas, the specific heat capacity tends to enhance with reduction in nanoparticle size. The present results for melting temperature, melting entropy and Debye temperature are compared with experimental and theoretical observations and adequate agreements are observed.
Over stromen, waterscheidingen en koudwatervrees: de overgang van strafrecht naar GGZ sinds de Wet forensische zorg
Authors: van der Wolf M.J.F. (Michiel) , Klappe A.W.T. (Astrid) , Mevis P.A.M. (Paul)
Published: November 2020

Over stromen, waterscheidingen en koudwatervrees: de overgang van strafrecht naar GGZ sinds de Wet forensische zorg

In deze bijdrage wordt in een vroeg stadium of het doel van de Wet forensische zorg (Wfz) om doorstroom vanuit het strafrecht naar de GGZ te bevorderen bereikt wordt. Daarbij wordt zowel gekeken naar de stelselwijziging van inkoop van forensische zorg door de minister van Justitie en Veiligheid vanaf 2008, zoals grotendeels gecodificeerd in de Wfz, als de directe overgangsmogelijkheid via de zorgmachtiging door de strafrechter (art. 2.3). Hierbij wordt beeldspraak uit het watermanagement gebruikt, met stromen, waterscheidingen en koudwatervrees.
Duizelingwekkende en zorgwekkende ontwikkelingen in de rechtspositie van gedetineerden
Authors: Struijk S. (Sanne)
Published: November 2020

Duizelingwekkende en zorgwekkende ontwikkelingen in de rechtspositie van gedetineerden

In toenemende mate wordt in het penitentiair beleid niet alleen de doelmatigheid, maar ook de eigen verantwoordelijkheid van de gedetineerde vooropgesteld. Dit laatste geschiedt dan vanuit de neoliberale responsabiliseringsgedachte dat het gevangeniswezen zich nog slechts hoeft in te spannen om de gedetineerde zelf in staat te stellen zich op zijn terugkeer in de samenleving voor te bereiden, mits en zolang hij dat zelf tenminste wil, zich daarvoor inzet en daar ook zijn verantwoordelijkheid voor neemt. Deze bijdrage bespreekt enkele voorbeelden van de doorgevoerde en aangekondigde veranderingen in het penitentiair recht en betoogt dat deze wijzigingen al met al een forse achteruitgang van de rechtspositie van en rechtszekerheid voor gedetineerden met zich brengen.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Entomophthorales (Entomophthoromycota: Entomophthoromycotina) from Argentina
Authors: Manfrino Romina G. , Castrillo Louela A. , López Lastra Claudia C. , Toledo Andrea V. , Ferrari Walter , Jensen Annette B.
Published: November 2020

We characterized 17 insect-pathogenic entomophthoralean fungal isolates (Entomophthoromycotina: Entomophthorales) using morphological and molecular techniques. We identified four species from various insect hosts: (i) Entomophthora planchoniana, six specimens from aphids; (ii) Pandora neoaphidis, three specimens from aphids; (iii) Zoophthora phalloides from an aphid; and (iv) Z. radicans, seven specimens from insects in the orders Diptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera. Analysis of ITS1 data from E. planchoniana showed clustering in accordance to aphid host species. Entomophthora planchoniana from Macrosiphum euphorbiae clustered together, separate from the isolate from Myzus persicae. The P. neoaphidis specimens clustered with sequences from other aphid-pathogenic Pandora species in GenBank. In this study, Z. phalloides from Brevicoryne brassicae and Z. radicans from an unidentified species of Chironomidae (Diptera) in Argentina were characterized for the first time. The present study was initiated to elucidate the taxonomy of the entomophthoralean fungi in Argentina according to their morphological and molecular characters. The presented results emphasize the significance of the combination of molecular data and information on morphology, ecology, and host range for accurate identification of entomophthoralean and allied genera.
Climate Change Implications to High and Low Potential Zones of Tanzania
Authors: Yusuph Mkonda Msafiri
Published: November 2020

This chapter presents the findings from a literature review distinguishing the levels of vulnerability and resilience between the people who live in high potential zone areas and low potential zone areas. High potential zones are natural-resourced areas, while low potential zones are less-resourced areas. The refereed resources include fertile soil, water sources, vegetation, and landscape just to mention a few. Predictions from global circulation models confirm that global warming will have substantial impacts to biodiversity and agricultural systems in the most developing countries, including Tanzania. These impacts are severe, significant, and more pronounced in low potential zones where the poor people always dwell. High potential zones are less vulnerable to these impacts due to resources endowments. These impacts are mainly exacerbated by anthropogenic activities like overgrazing, burning of the ecosystem, and monoculture to mention a few. The increase in stress to the already affected areas increases the vulnerability of the poor and thus squeezing the threshold of livelihood options. This chapter focuses on climate change and biodiversity (i.e., soil, landscape, and vegetation) and agricultural biodiversity for climate change adaptations. Therefore, coping and adaptation strategies, particularly economic and technological adaptations, are relented as they significantly reduce the vulnerability of the livelihoods.
Downflow Hanging Sponge System: A Self-Sustaining Option for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Maharjan Namita , Hewawasam Choolaka , Hatamoto Masashi , Yamaguchi Takashi , Harada Hideki , Araki Nobuo
Published: November 2020

Need of self-sustaining wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become critical to cope up with dynamics of the environmental regulations and rapid advancements in the contemporary technologies. At present there are limited number of self-sustaining WWTPs around the world. The aim of this chapter is to present state -of- art of Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) system which was developed as a post treatment unit of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) from sustainability perspective. DHS system is a non-submerged fixed bed trickling filter (TF) that employs a core technology of polyurethane sponges as a media where the microorganisms thrive and major treatment processes take place. This chapter reviews the introduction of DHS system (UASB+DHS) summarizes the quantitative analysis of environmental, economic and social sustainability using indicators. Furthermore, self-sustaining prospects of DHS system are assessed and discussed by comparing with conventional TF (UASB+TF).
Troubled Process of Parturition of the Domestic Pig
Authors: Oliviero Claudio , Peltoniemi Olli
Published: November 2020

Over the past three decades, efficient breeding and management have almost doubled the litter size of sows. Simultaneously, duration of farrowing has increased markedly. The expulsion phase of parturition in the hyper prolific sow is now 3 to 5 times longer than it was in the early 1990s. There has also been a constant downward trend in piglet birth weight, along with a similar trend in colostrum intake, which is an important risk factor for piglet mortality. Together with these trends, an increase in farrowing complications, such as postpartum dysgalactia and retention of placenta, has been reported. This paper investigates group housing of sows during gestation, farrowing and lactation, focusing on management strategies of the sow. In short, the sow needs to be given space and enrichment materials for adequate expression of nest-building behavior. Maternal characteristics may be utilized to improve the success rate of reproductive management during farrowing and early lactation. The lower piglet birth weight and compromised immunity of newborn piglets warrant investigation in the search for novel management tools. Robust breeds with somewhat lower litter size, but improved resilience and increased birth weight may be needed in the near future.
How to use the Advantages of AR and VR Technique to Integrate Special Visual Training Strategies in Non-Verbal Communication Skills Training for Children with Autism
Authors: Lee I-Jui
Published: November 2020

Social communication is the basis of human interaction, as people transmit messages, their emotions, and some symbolic social content through oral or non-verbal communication. However, it is difficult for most children with autism to master, or understand, these non-verbal social communication skills. In recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technology (A/VR technology) have been widely used in the social training of children with autism. This technology creates many learning states that are difficult to achieve in the traditional social training of autism, and they are mainly achieved through the sensory advantages of A/VR technology in the visual presentation and simulation of surreal state situations. This technology can provide more attractive interactive games and play strategies to help autistic children learn social reciprocity skills. Therefore, this paper discusses how A/VR technology can be used to construct a surreal visual training strategy in the non-verbal social training of autistic children and, by using different teaching strategies and visual training applications, to help them to improve their mastery of non-verbal social communication. Based on the findings, future researchers are offered some suggestions and references for the application of A/VR technology in the social training of autism.
Pathological Changes Associated with Natural Outbreak of Swine Pasteurellosis
Authors: Choudhary Mamta , Kumar Choudhary Binod , Chandra Ghosh Ratan
Published: November 2020

Swine pasteurellosis is usually observed in descript as well as nondescript pigs imparting in huge economic losses to the pig producers. The disease is characterized by pyrexia, dullness, staggering gait, anorexia, serous nasal discharge and dyspnoea. Case fatality rate may as high as 95% in adult animals and 100% in piglets. Typical lesions of oedematous swellings may remarkably visible in the pharyngeal region, these swellings spread to the ventral cervical region and brisket of pigs. Gross lesions include severe pneumonia and haemorrhages in lungs, petechial haemorrhages on serous membranes and other visceral organs. Lymph nodes usually get enlarged, oedematous and haemorrhagic. The blood smears from heart blood and tissue impression smears reveal teaming numbers of bipolar organisms indicating the presence of Pasteurella spp., the etiological organism. The bacteriological isolation and characterization of causative agent should be ruled out to identify by Gram’ staining for purity and bipolar morphology and biochemical characterization of the organisms. Molecular characterization necessitates to confirm Pasteurella multocida along with capsular types of the organism. Histopathological examination of lungs usually reveals typical fibrinous bronchopneumonia, multifocal suppuration and pleural thickening. Heart of some pigs may show presence of thrombi, haemorrhages and necrosed myocardium.
Antifungal Susceptibility of Non-albicans Candida Species in A Tertiary Care Hospital, Bulgaria
Authors: Hitkova Hristina Yotova , Georgieva Diana Simeonova , Hristova Preslava Mihailova , Marinova-Bulgaranova Teodora Vasileva , Kirilov Borisov Biser , Georgiev Popov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Background: Emerging non-albicans Candida (NAC) species are a major threat because of their intrinsic or acquired resistance to routinely applied antifungal agents. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to reveal in vitro activity of nine antifungal agents against NAC isolates. Methods: A total of 67 NAC (27 Candida glabrata, 10 C. tropicalis, 6 C. krusei, 6 C. parapsilosis, 4 C. lusitaniae, 4 C. lipolytica, etc.) were identified and tested. The antifungal susceptibility was estimated on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Results: Overall, 13 species were determined, of which C. glabrata was the most common (40.3%), followed by C. tropicalis (14.9%), C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis (8.9 % each). Forty-nine NAC isolates (73.13%) demonstrated decreased susceptibility to one or more antifungals, and 18 of them were resistant to all azoles. Out of 27 C. glabrata, 12 (44.4%) were resistant to fluconazole with MICs: 32 - >128 µg/mL and 15 (55.6%) were intermediate with MICs: 8 - 16 µg/mL Non-albicans Candida revealed a good susceptibility to echinocandins. Amphotericin B resistance was found in 5.97% of the isolates. Of particular interest was the detection of 6 (8.95%) multidrug-resistant NAC, which expressed resistance to azoles and echinocandins and/or amphotericin B. Conclusions: About one-fourth of the studied NAC were resistant to all azoles. These findings as well as the detection of several multidrug-resistant isolates determine the necessity of susceptibility testing of clinically important yeast isolates and control of the antifungal drugs in our hospital.
Studyholism inventory (si-10): A short instrument for evaluating study obsession within the heavy study investment framework
Authors: Loscalzo Yura , Giannini Marco
Published: November 2020

Loscalzo and Giannini (Loscalzo, Y., & Giannini, M. [2017]. Studyholism or Study Addiction? A comprehensive model for a possible new clinical condition. In A. M. Columbus (Ed.), Advances in psychological research, (Vol. 125, pp. 19-37). Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science) recently proposed a theoretical model for a new potential clinical condition: Studyholism, or obsession toward studying. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the instrument that has been created based on their theory, namely the Studyholism Inventory (SI-10). The participants are 1296 Italian college students aged between 19 and 55 years. We analyzed its factor structure, as well as its convergent and divergent validity, and we proposed the cut-off scores of the SI-10. Moreover, we investigated some demographic and study-related differences in studyholism and study engagement and the correlations with academic indicators. The results showed that the SI-10 is a ten-item (2 fillers) and 2-factor instrument (GFI = .98, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .07) with good psychometric properties. The SI-10 could be used in future research to analyze the features and correlates of studyholism, and for both clinical and preventive purposes, pointing to favor students’ well-being and academic success.
Determinants of Stunting among Children Aged 6-23 Months of Age in Pastoral Community, Afar Region, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Adem Omer Seid , Belachew Abate Bekele
Published: November 2020

Background: Globally, stunting is a public health concern, more of in developing counties, including Ethiopia. Once occurred, in the first two years of life, it is irreversible and has long-lasting harmful consequences. Exploring the determinants has pivotal importance for evidence-based interventions. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to identify determinants of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in the pastoralist community, Afar region, Ethiopia.
Method: A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 381 (cases=126, controls 255) study participants from February 15/2017 to March 30/2017. Cases and controls were identified consecutively using the world health organization growth monitoring chart.
Data was collected by interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05 in the final multivariable logistic regression model.
Result: Maternal education (AOR:0.34, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.77), maternal under-nutrition (AOR:2.91, 95% CI:1.51, 5.60), number of under-five children within the household (AOR:2.66, 95% CI: 1.38, 5.10), latrine ownership (AOR:0.28, 95% CI:0.15, 0.55), minimum Dietary Diversity score of children (AOR:0.41, 95% CI:0.22, 0.75), child age (AOR:1.76, 95% CI:1.01, 3.09), colostrum intake (AOR:3.03, 95%CI:1.62, 5.66), and exclusively breastfeed for the first six months (AOR:3.20, 95% CI:1.72,5.95) were found to be determinants of stunting.
Conclusion: This study found that determinants of childhood stunting are multifactorial. Maternal, household and child-related characteristics are associated with childhood stunting. Therefore, to improve childhood nutritional status, inter-sectoral collaboration and commitment are vital.
Enacting affordances: an investigation of digitally mediated multimodal assessment in higher education
Authors:   , Laingen Geir Petter
Published: November 2020

This thesis examines the incorporation of a digitally mediated audio-visual assignment into theoretical-contextual modules at a UK post-1992 University. A sample of seven student-produced artefacts has been analysed, highlighting the semiotic work undertaken, the expressive resources used, and the types of knowledge conveyed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen participants, who provided accounts of their experiences and discussed the perceived value of the assignment. These two sets of empirical material were analysed using grounded theory methods, providing the basis for developing a grounded theory of enacted affordances. The theory is substantive in that it is derived from researching only one specific educational context. However, the final categories are sufficiently abstract to allow transferability, adaptation and refinement in further research within other contexts. The interview analysis created a strong foundation for the theory, by developing a core category of “Assessing subjective task value”, and its main properties and dimensions: academic emotions, relevance, materiality and self-regulation. Combining this with the insights from the artefact analysis, and with the concepts from Gibson’s affordance theory, the thesis reconceptualises digitally mediated multimodal assessment as the dynamic process of affordance enactment The study concludes that different kinds of positive and negative affordances are potentially present within any assignment, and their realisation depends both on the specific assignment features as affordance-bearers, and on the students’ ability to perceive, select and implement beneficial action possibilities. The conclusion is that whilst digitally mediated multimodal assignments can offer additional advantages compared to traditional written coursework, it is not a given that students will engage in an academically meaningful way or have beneficial and motivating experiences. Careful consideration of assessment design is therefore crucial for the successful incorporation of such assignments, weighing up the relevant affordance bearers and their potential impact on students with diverse skills, strategies and prior experiences.
Les Trois Bérets et les ateliers de sculpture de Saint-Jean-Port-Joli, 1930-1967
Authors: Blanchette Jean-François
Published: November 2020

Les frères Bourgault, Médard (1897-1967), André (1898-1958) et Jean-Julien (1910-1996), connus sous le nom des Trois Bérets, ont été à l’origine d’un mouvement esthétique singulier, authentique et identitaire. Ils ont formé des centaines d’apprentis à la sculpture sur bois en taille directe. L’examen de l’organisation de leurs ateliers permet de réaliser qu’ils ont tenu à bout de bras leurs entreprises, avec peu d’aide externe si ce n’est l’encouragement des clients souvent issus de l’élite. Le paradigme de l’apprentissage à l’école est remplacé par la pratique en atelier avec le maître.