bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy using ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET
Authors: Werner Rudolf A. , Eissler Christoph , Hayakawa Nobuyuki , Arias-Loza Paula , Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Javadi Mehrbod S. , Chen Xinyu , Shinaji Tetsuya , Lapa Constantin , Pelzer Theo , Higuchi Takahiro
Published: November 2018

In diabetic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is one of the earliest signs of cardiac involvement prior to the definitive development of heart failure (HF). We aimed to explore the LV diastolic function using electrocardiography (ECG)-gated18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging beyond the assessment of cardiac glucose utilization in a diabetic rat model. ECG-gated18F-FDG PET imaging was performed in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (ZDF fa/fa) and ZL control rats at age of 13 weeks (n = 6, respectively). Under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to enhance cardiac activity,18F-FDG was administered and subsequently, list-mode imaging using a dedicated small animal PET system with ECG signal recording was performed. List-mode data were sorted and reconstructed into tomographic images of 16 frames per cardiac cycle. Left ventricular functional parameters (systolic: LV ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR) vs. diastolic: peak filling rate (PFR)) were obtained using an automatic ventricular edge detection software. No significant difference in systolic function could be obtained (ZL controls vs. ZDF rats: LVEF, 62.5 ± 4.2 vs. 59.4 ± 4.5%; HR: 331 ± 35 vs. 309 ± 24 bpm; n.s., respectively). On the contrary, ECG-gated PET imaging showed a mild but significant decrease of PFR in the diabetic rats (ZL controls vs. ZDF rats: 12.1 ± 0.8 vs. 10.2 ± 1 Enddiastolic Volume/sec, P < 0.01). Investigating a diabetic rat model, ECG-gated18F-FDG PET imaging detected LV diastolic dysfunction while systolic function was still preserved. This might open avenues for an early detection of HF onset in high-risk type 2 diabetes before cardiac symptoms become apparent.
Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an open water system with ozone generated by a compact, atmospheric DBD plasma reactor
Authors: Choudhury Bhaswati , Portugal Sherlie , Mastanaiah Navya , Johnson Judith A. , Roy Subrata
Published: November 2018

Ozone is a well-known disinfecting agent that is used as an alternative for chlorine in many applications, including water decontamination. However, the utility of ozone in water decontamination is limited by high electrical power consumption and expensive, bulky equipment associated with ozone generation. This study investigates the effectiveness of a lightweight, compact surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) reactor as an ozone generator to inactivatePseudomonas aeruginosaand methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in an open water system. Experimental details are provided for ozone generation technique, mixing method, ozone concentrations in air and water, and input energy required to produce adequate ozone concentrations for bacterial inactivation in a contaminated, open water system. Specifically, an active plasma module (APM) reactor system of size 48 cubic centimeters, weighing 55 grams, with a maximum ozone yield of 68.6 g/KWh was used in atmospheric conditions as the source of ozone along with an air pump and a diffusion stone for mixing the ozone in water. Over 4-log reduction inP. aeruginosaconcentration was achieved in 4 minutes with 0.1 mg/L ozone concentration in an open water system using 8.8 ± 1.48 J input energy. Also, over 5-log reduction in MRSA concentration was achieved in 2 minutes with 0.04 mg/L ozone concentration in an open water system using 4.4 ± 0.74 J input energy.
Publisher Correction: Magnetization Manipulation of a Flexible Magnetic Sensor by Controlled Stress Application
Authors: Kwon Joon-Hyun , Kwak Won-Young , Cho Beong Ki
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Variation in plant functional groups indicates land degradation on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Luo Jiufu , Liu Xuemin , Yang Jun , Liu Yuguo , Zhou Jinxing
Published: November 2018

Plant functional groups (PFGs) have been increasingly introduced in land degradation (LD) studies; however, it is unclear whether PFGs can indicate LD. Here, we selected five different degraded lands (i.e., pristine and, lightly, moderately, seriously and extremely degraded) higher than 4650 m on the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, we investigated floristic metrics (i.e., composition, height, cover, biomass and abundance) and soil conditions (e.g., moisture, temperature and gravel ratio) by sampling 225 subplots. We found 75 vascular plants that consist of sedges (Cyperaceae), grasses (Gramineae), legumes, forbs, cushion plants and shrubs PFGs. LD dramatically deteriorated soil conditions, vegetation cover and productivity, however, improved species diversity. Moreover, cover and productivity showed a hump-shaped relationship with LD intensification in legumes, grasses and forbs and decreased mainly in sedges. Productivity increased considerably in cushion plants and shrubs on the extremely degraded land. Major characteristics of the LD process were the replacement of Kobresia spp. by Carex spp. in sedges; cushion plants significantly expanded, and shrubs appeared on the extremely degraded land. We, thus, confirm that the PFG variations are likely to indicate a LD process and demonstrate ways of using PFGs to assess LD status on the Tibetan Plateau.
Thermal Degradation and Fire Properties of Fungal Mycelium and Mycelium - Biomass Composite Materials
Authors: Jones Mitchell , Bhat Tanmay , Kandare Everson , Thomas Ananya , Joseph Paul , Dekiwadia Chaitali , Yuen Richard , John Sabu , Ma Jun , Wang Chun-Hui
Published: November 2018

Mycelium and mycelium-biomass composites are emerging as new sustainable materials with useful flame-retardant potentials. Here we report a detailed characterisation of the thermal degradation and fire properties of fungal mycelium and mycelium-biomass composites. Measurements and analyses are carried out on key parameters such as decomposition temperatures, residual char, and gases evolved during pyrolysis. Pyrolysis flow combustion calorimetry (PCFC) evaluations reveal that the corresponding combustion propensity of mycelium is significantly lower compared to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polylactic acid (PLA), indicating that they are noticeably less prone to ignition and flaming combustion, and therefore safer to use. The hyphal diameters of mycelium decrease following pyrolysis. Cone calorimetry testing results show that the presence of mycelium has a positive influence on the fire reaction properties of wheat grains. This improvement is attributable to the relatively higher charring tendency of mycelium compared to wheat grain, which reduces the heat release rate (HRR) by acting as a thermal insulator and by limiting the supply of combustible gases to the flame front. The mycelium growth time has been found to yield no significant improvements in the fire properties of mycelium-wheat grain composites.
A near atomic-scale view at the composition of amyloid-beta fibrils by atom probe tomography
Authors: Rusitzka Kristiane A. K. , Stephenson Leigh T. , Szczepaniak Agnieszka , Gremer Lothar , Raabe Dierk , Willbold Dieter , Gault Baptiste
Published: November 2018

Amyloid-beta (Ab) proteins play an important role in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Ab is found in senile plaques in brains of Alzeimer’s disease patients. The 42 residues of the monomer form dimers which stack to fibrils gaining several micrometers in length. Using Ab fibrils with13C and15N marker substitution, we developed an innovative approach to obtain insights to structural and chemical information of the protein. We deposited the modified protein fibrils to pre-sharped aluminium needles with >100-nm apex diameters and, using the position-sensitive mass-to-charge spectrometry technique of atom probe tomography, we acquired the chemically-resolved three dimensional information for every detected ion evaporated in small fragments from the protein. We also discuss the influence of experimental parameters such as pulse energy and pulse frequency of the used Laser beam which lead to differences in the size of the gained fragments, developing the capability of localising metal atom within Ab plaques.
Quantitative evaluation of energy migration between identical chromophores enabled by breaking symmetry
Authors: Kashida Hiromu , Kawai Hayato , Maruyama Ryoko , Kokubo Yuta , Araki Yasuyuki , Wada Takehiko , Asanuma Hiroyuki
Published: November 2018

Energy migration between the identical chromophores is a necessary process in both natural and artificial photosynthesis. The distance and orientation dependence of energy migration have not been experimentally investigated in detail. Here we propose a method to investigate energy migration. Two fluorophores are introduced into one strand of a DNA duplex with a quencher placed opposite one of fluorophores. This design enables asymmetrization of identical fluorophores and allows one fluorophore to behave as an acceptor. The emission intensities and lifetimes decrease depending on the efficiency of energy migration. Distance and orientation dependence are successfully quantified, and the excitation energy migration efficiencies measured are in excellent agreement with those calculated based on Förster theory. We also demonstrate that multi-step energy migration among four fluorophores can be estimated from the theory. These results may provide a basis for design and preparation of efficient light-harvesting photonic devices and chemical probes.
Post-column reaction gas chromatography with a two-stage microreactor for the determination of volatile oxygenated compounds in high-pressure liquefied hydrocarbons
Authors: Hua Yujuan , Luong Jim , Yang Xiuhan , Sieben Lyndon , Yang Peilin , Gras Ronda
Published: November 2018

A reliable approach for the determination of volatile oxygenated compounds in high-pressure liquefied hydrocarbons with post-column reaction gas chromatography has been developed.
An unprecedented pentanary chalcohalide with Mn atoms in two chemical environments: unique bonding characteristics and magnetic properties
Authors: Zheng Yu-Jun , Shi Yong-Fang , Tian Chong-Bin , Lin Hua , Wu Li-Ming , Wu Xin-Tao , Zhu Qi-Long
Published: November 2018

An unprecedented 2D layered pentanary chalcohalide Cs2[Mn2Ga3S7Cl] features distinguishing structure characteristics with the coexistence of two Mn-coordinated polyhedra and shows interesting ferrimagnetic behaviour.
Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry with polyhedral boranes
Authors: Dziedzic Rafal M. , Spokoyny Alexander M.
Published: November 2018

Over the past several decades, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as a powerful strategy to functionalize polyhedral borane clusters.
Unconventional ionic ring-deconstruction pathways of a three-membered heterocycle
Authors: Fassbender Jan , Schnakenburg Gregor , Gates Derek P. , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: November 2018

Two different ionic deconstruction reactions of the oxaphosphirane ring in I are reported. One is induced by base and involves displacement of the aldehyde unit forming II whilst acid-initiated extrusion of the ring-carbon with its substituents yielded III. Further insights into the latter ring-deconstruction were obtained by quantum chemical calculations.
Atomically thin NiB6 monolayer: a robust Dirac material
Authors: Tang Xiao , Sun Weiguo , Lu Cheng , Kou Liangzhi , Chen Changfeng
Published: November 2018

NiB6 monolayers possess anisotropic elastic properties with a Young's modulus of 189 N m−1 and exhibit a robust double Dirac cone feature.
Double-zigzag boron chain-enhanced Vickers hardness and manganese bilayers-induced high d-electron mobility in Mn3B4
Authors: Ma Shuailing , Bao Kuo , Tao Qiang , Xu Chunhong , Feng Xiaokang , Zhao Xingbin , Ge Yufei , Zhu Pinwen , Cui Tian
Published: November 2018

The D7b-type structure Mn3B4 was fabricated by high-temperature and high-pressure (HPHT) methods.
Experimental quantification of electron spectral-diffusion under static DNP conditions
Authors: Kundu Krishnendu , Cohen Marie Ramirez , Feintuch Akiva , Goldfarb Daniella , Vega Shimon
Published: November 2018

The parameter, ΛeSD, characterizing the electron spectral diffusion during DNP, has been analyzed using electron double resonance experiments under different conditions.
Thermo-orientation in fluids of arbitrarily shaped particles
Authors: Gardin Andrea , Ferrarini Alberta
Published: November 2018

The orientation of uncharged, chiral and achiral particles under a thermal gradient is explained in terms of geometric features of the particles.
Exploring the electrochemical properties of hole transporting materials from first-principles calculations: an efficient strategy to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Deng Jidong , Hu Weixia , Shen Wei , Li Ming , He Rongxing
Published: November 2018

A series of organic hole transporting materials were explored to reveal the relationship between the charge-transport properties and structural modification.
Resolving X-ray photoelectron spectra of ionic liquids with difference spectroscopy
Authors: Clarke Coby J. , Maxwell-Hogg Steven , Smith Emily F. , Hawker Rebecca R. , Harper Jason B. , Licence Peter
Published: November 2018

Difference spectroscopy of functionalised ionic liquids can help resolve photoemission signals beyond that previously thought possible.
A cabbage leaf like nanostructure of a NiS@ZnS composite on Ni foam with excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors
Authors: Ikkurthi Kanaka Durga , Srinivasa Rao S. , Ahn Jin-Woo , Sunesh Chozhidakath Damodharan , Kim Hee-Je
Published: November 2018

In the present study, a NiS@ZnS composite nanostructure was synthesized on a nickel foam substrate by a facile chemical bath deposition (CBD) method.
Boosting the ultra-stable unencapsulated perovskite solar cells by using montmorillonite/CH3NH3PbI3 nanocomposite as photoactive layer
Authors: Huang Hsin-Hsiang , Shih Yen-Chen , Wang Leeyih , Lin King-Fu
Published: November 2018

The exMMTs, formed as a shell on top of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystals, achieve ultra-stable unencapsulated PSCs.
Quantifying the efficacy of diquat dibromide in controllingMicrocystis aeruginosaandAphanizomenon flos-aquaein comparison to copper sulfate and potassium permanganate
Authors: Dia Sara , Alameddine Ibrahim , El-Fadel Mutasem
Published: November 2018

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) are an emerging problem worldwide, affecting many important freshwater systems.
Electrosynthesis of 2,3-butanediol and methyl ethyl ketone from acetoin in flow cells
Authors: Ochoa-Gómez José R. , Fernández-Carretero Francisco , Río-Pérez Francisca , García-Luis Alberto , Roncal Tomás , García-Suárez Eduardo J.
Published: November 2018

Flexible 2,3-butanediol and methyl ethyl ketone production by acetoin electroreduction in aqueous media at room temperature in flow cells.
Selenoneine and ergothioneine in human blood cells determined simultaneously by HPLC/ICP-QQQ-MS
Authors: Kroepfl Nina , Francesconi Kevin A. , Schwerdtle Tanja , Kuehnelt Doris
Published: November 2018

An HPLC/ICP-QQQ-MS method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the health relevant anti-oxidant ergothioneine and its selenium-analogue selenoneine in blood cells is presented.
Improved coalescence stability of monodisperse phospholipid-coated microbubbles formed by flow-focusing at elevated temperatures
Authors: Segers Tim , Lassus Anne , Bussat Philippe , Gaud Emmanuel , Frinking Peter
Published: November 2018

The efficiency of phospholipids in monodisperse microbubble formation by flow focusing increases by 5 times at elevated temperatures.
Nanoparticle heterogeneity: an emerging structural parameter influencing particle fate in biological media?
Authors: Rabanel Jean-Michel , Adibnia Vahid , Tehrani Soudeh F. , Sanche Steven , Hildgen Patrice , Banquy Xavier , Ramassamy Charles
Published: November 2018

Intra- and inter-nanoparticle heterogeneities are underappreciated parameters in the evaluation of nanoparticles’ biomedical performance.
Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion: a new safe and effective formulation to prevent tumor reincidence and metastasis
Authors: Guerrero Simón , Inostroza-Riquelme Mariela , Contreras-Orellana Pamela , Diaz-Garcia Victor , Lara Pablo , Vivanco-Palma Andrea , Cárdenas Areli , Miranda Victor , Robert Paz , Leyton Lisette , Kogan Marcelo J. , Quest Andrew F. G. , Oyarzun-Ampuero Felipe
Published: November 2018

We report on the development of a new curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion (CUR-NEM) that is highly effective in preventing post-surgery tumor reincidence and metastasis.
Heterologous production of asperipin-2a: proposal for sequential oxidative macrocyclization by a fungi-specific DUF3328 oxidase
Authors: Ye Ying , Ozaki Taro , Umemura Myco , Liu Chengwei , Minami Atsushi , Oikawa Hideaki
Published: November 2018

A heterologous production of asperipin-2a and determination of its absolute structure revealed a sequential oxidative cyclization catalyzed by DUF3328 oxidase.
Functional cationic derivatives of starch as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Venkataraman Shrinivas , Lee Ashlynn L. Z. , Tan Jeremy P. K. , Ng Yi Chien , Lin Amelia Lee Yi , Yong Jaron Y. K. , Yi Guangshun , Zhang Yugen , Lim Ivor J. , Phan Thang T. , Yang Yi Yan
Published: November 2018

Antimicrobial polymers with a broad spectrum of action and high selectivity towards pathogens (versusmammalian cells) provide the opportunity to combat infections with only a limited chance of resistance development.
Structural assignment of the enol–keto tautomers of one-pot synthesized 4-hydroxyquinolines/4-quinolones
Authors: Kang On-Yu , Park Seong Jun , Ahn Hyojung , Jeong Kyung Chae , Lim Hwan Jung
Published: November 2018

The one-pot preparation of 2,3-disubstituted 4-quinolones and the structural assignment of their tautomers are described.
Self-standing Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2/graphene membrane as a binder-free cathode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Puheng Yang , Wenxu Wang , Xiaoliang Zhang , Honglei Li , Shichao Zhang , Yalan Xing
Published: November 2018

The binder-free LMR/graphene membrane significantly tunes the reversibility of anion redox during cycling.
Hansforesters A–M, polyesters from the sponge-associated fungusHansfordia sinuosaewith antibacterial activities
Authors: Wu Zehong , Liu Dong , Huang Jian , Proksch Peter , Zhu Kui , Lin Wenhan
Published: November 2018

Bioassay-guided separation of a sponge-derived fungusHansfordia sinuosaeafforded thirteen new polyesters namely hansforesters A–M. Hansforester A and ascotrichalactone A exhibited potent inhibition against a panel of bacterial strains.
Boron additive passivated carbonate electrolytes for stable cycling of 5 V lithium–metal batteries
Authors: Yue Hongyun , Yang Yange , Xiao Yan , Dong Zhiyuan , Cheng Shuguo , Yin Yanhong , Ling Chen , Yang Weiguang , Yu Yanhao , Yang Shuting
Published: November 2018

The limitation of a high-voltage lithium (Li) metal battery lies in the absence of a robust electrolyte that can endure oxidation loss at a high-voltage cathode and suppress the dendrite growth at a Li metal anode.
Imaging of anti-inflammatory effects of HNO via a near-infrared fluorescent probe in cells and in rat gouty arthritis model
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhang Xia , He Na , Wang Yue , Kang Qi , Shen Dazhong , Yu Fabiao , Chen Lingxin
Published: November 2018

A mitochondria-targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe, namely, Mito-JN, was developed for determining the generation of nitroxyl in cells and rat models.
Long noncoding RNA CYTOR sponges miR-195 to modulate proliferation, migration, invasion and radiosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Wenqi
Published: November 2018

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play critical roles in cancer initiation and progression. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) predicates poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression. However, the functional roles and underlying mechanism of CYTOR in NSCLC remain unknown. In the present study, we found that CYTOR promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability, and induced radioresistance in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, CYTOR could directly interact with miR-195 and increase its targets. Thus, CYTOR played an oncogenic role in NSCLC progression through sponging miR-195. Together, our study elucidates the role of CYTOR as a microRNA sponge in NSCLC, and CYTOR may be used as a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
Stochastic optimisation with risk aversion for virtual power plant operations: a rolling horizon control
Authors: Castillo Anya , Flicker Jack , Hansen Clifford W. , Watson Jean‐Paul , Johnson Jay
Published: November 2018

While the concept of aggregating and controlling renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) to provide grid services is not new, increasing policy support of DER market participation has driven research and development in algorithms to pool DERs for economically viable market participation. Sandia National Laboratories recently undertook a 3 year research programme to create the components of a real‐world virtual power plant (VPP) that can simultaneously participate in multiple markets. The authors’ research extends current state‐of‐the‐art rolling horizon control through the application of stochastic programming with risk aversion at various time resolutions. Their rolling horizon control consists of day‐ahead optimisation to produce an hourly aggregate schedule for the VPP operator and sub‐hourly optimisation for the real‐time dispatch of each VPP subresource. Both optimisation routines leverage a two‐stage stochastic programme with risk aversion and integrate the most up‐to‐date forecasts to generate probabilistic scenarios in real operating time. Their results demonstrate the benefits to the VPP operator of constructing a stochastic solution regardless of the weather. In more extreme weather, applying risk optimisation strategies can dramatically increase the financial viability of the VPP. The methodologies presented here can be further tailored for optimal control of any VPP asset fleet and its operational requirements.
Modelling and optimisation of high‐efficiency differential‐drive complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor rectifier for ultra‐high‐frequency radio‐frequency energy harvesters
Authors: Liang Zhijian , Yuan Jie
Published: November 2018

Differential‐drive cross‐coupled (DDCC) rectifier is an important type of rectifier for radio‐frequency energy harvesting. In this study, the analytical model of a DDCC rectifier is derived. With this model, optimisation procedures for most power‐efficient rectifiers are derived. The model is verified extensively with Spectre simulations using the more complicated BSIM transistor model. Simulation results are further verified with measurements from reported rectifier designs. This study shows that DDCC rectifiers with the efficiency of 80.7% could ideally be achieved with −30 dBm sensitivity following the optimisation procedures introduced in this work.
High-mass star formation at sub-50 au scales
Authors: Beuther H. , Ahmadi A. , Mottram J. C. , Linz H. , Maud L. T. , Henning Th. , Kuiper R. , Walsh A. J. , Johnston K. G. , Longmore S. N.
Published: November 2018

Context.The hierarchical process of star formation has so far mostly been studied on scales from thousands of au to parsecs, but the smaller sub-1000 au scales of high-mass star formation are still largely unexplored in the submillimeter regime.

Aims.We aim to resolve the dust and gas emission at the highest spatial resolution to study the physical properties of the densest structures during high-mass star formation.

Methods.We observed the high-mass hot core region G351.77-0.54 with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array with baselines extending out to more than 16 km. This allowed us to dissect the region at sub-50 au spatial scales.

Results.At a spatial resolution of 18/40 au (depending on the distance), we identify twelve sub-structures within the inner few thousand au of the region. The brightness temperatures are high, reaching values greater 1000 K, signposting high optical depth toward the peak positions. Core separations vary between sub-100 au to several 100 and 1000 au. The core separations and approximate masses are largely consistent with thermal Jeans fragmentation of a dense gas core. Due to the high continuum optical depth, most spectral lines are seen in absorption. However, a few exceptional emission lines are found that most likely stem from transitions with excitation conditions above 1000 K. Toward the main continuum source, these emission lines exhibit a velocity gradient across scales of 100–200 au aligned with the molecular outflow and perpendicular to the previously inferred disk orientation. While we cannot exclude that these observational features stem from an inner hot accretion disk, the alignment with the outflow rather suggests that it stems from the inner jet and outflow region. The highest-velocity features are found toward the peak position, and no Hubble-like velocity structure can be identified. Therefore, these data are consistent with steady-state turbulent entrainment of the hot molecular gas via Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities at the interface between the jet and the outflow.

Conclusions.Resolving this high-mass star-forming region at sub-50 au scales indicates that the hierarchical fragmentation process in the framework of thermal Jeans fragmentation can continue down to the smallest accessible spatial scales. Velocity gradients on these small scales have to be treated cautiously and do not necessarily stem from disks, but may be better explained with outflow emission. Studying these small scales is very powerful, but covering all spatial scales and deriving a global picture from large to small scales are the next steps to investigate.
Dealing with impact. An interdisciplinary, multi-site ethnography of environmental impact assessment in the coastal zone
Authors: Mazé Camille , Coston-Guarini Jennifer , Danto Anatole , Lambrechts Adrien , Ragueneau Olivier
Published: November 2018

The SPA (“Savoir, Pouvoir, Avoir”) project (CNRS, 2017-2019) presented in this article focuses on the ways French society deals with the issue of environmental impact – from the vast question of impact in the context of global change and the issue of the measurement of impact in science, to the specific case of the public policy instrument known as “environmental impact assessment”. Impact is considered as a boundary object at the intersection of several fields of inquiry which captures both the architecture and the dynamics of relationships between “savoir” (scientific and lay knowledge), “pouvoir” (power and decision) and “avoir” (economy/appropriation), that aggregate different interests around the sustainable management of coastal socio-ecological systems. Three sites were selected along a north-south gradient of Long-Term Ecological Research sites: the Bay of Brest and the Iroise Sea, the National Nature Reserve of the French islands in the Southern Ocean and the overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. The approach of the SPA project is to link concretely social sciences, natural sciences and engineering sciences on these study sites, in an interdisciplinary, multi-site and multi-scale methodology that makes it possible to reveal the conditions for the possible – or impossible – implementation of sustainable management of coastal socio-ecological systems.
Schweigepflicht, Datenschutz und Diskretion in der
webbasierten Psychotherapie
Authors: Thorwart Jürgen
Published: November 2018

Obwohl die Schweigepflicht seit Jahrtausenden als eine der zentralen
Voraussetzungen für die Behandlung körperlicher und psychischer Beschwerden
gilt, sind Verletzungen der Schweigepflicht in der Medizin und der
Psychotherapie nicht selten. Mit der elektronischen Datenverarbeitung stellen
sich neue, sehr komplexe Fragen des Datenschutzes und der Vertraulichkeit –
insbesondere für psychotherapeutische Angebote, die das Internet nutzen.
„Ecological Momentary Assessment“ Chancen und Risiken für
Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Held Judith , Vîslă Andreea
Published: November 2018

Im psychotherapeutischen Alltag begegnen uns Fragen rund um den Menschen in
seiner Lebens- und Erlebenswelt. Viele sind komplex, und die Antworten
beinhalten oft Grautöne. Doch häufig sind gerade diese komplexen Grautöne von
Interesse. Traditionelle Forschungsmethoden stoßen hier jedoch oft an ihre
Grenzen. Das „Ecological Momentary Assessment“ ist eine einfache und effektive
Messkonzeption, diese Komplexität näher zu beleuchten.
Veränderungen der Papilla nervi optici im Kindesalter
Authors: Tegetmeyer Helmut
Published: November 2018

Die Papilla nervi optici ist mithilfe der ophthalmoskopischen Untersuchung der visuellen Inspektion zugänglich. Dadurch ist es möglich, bereits im Säuglings- und frühen Kindesalter Papillenveränderungen zu erkennen, die mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen des Gehirns einhergehen können oder durch Tumoren, akute Erkrankungen des Sehnerven oder des Zentralnervensystem verursacht werden.
Lewis Base Promoted, Direct 1,4-Conjugate Addition to Quinone Imine Ketals: Efficient Access to Unsymmetrical Diaryl Sulfones
Authors: Liu Teng , Cheng Feixiang , Liu Jianjun , Shen Xianfu , Xu Jianbin , Nian Beifang , He Ni , Zeng Shunqun
Published: November 2018

An alternative approach with eco-friendliness and high efficiency for the preparation of unsymmetrical diaryl sulfones has been developed. The strategy takes advantage of the reaction of sulfonyl hydrazides with quinone imine ketals catalyzed by DABCO (triethylenediamine) in ethanol. This transformation proceeds via a Lewis base promoted, direct 1,4-conjugate addition/sulfonylation/alcohol elimination reaction sequence. The protocol provides an efficient approach to access an array of diverse unsymmetrical diaryl and heterodiaryl sulfones, aryl alkyl sulfones and aryl vinyl sulfones in good to excellent yields.
Acute Respiratory Failure and Pulmonary Complications in End-Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Wang Tisha , Barjaktarevic Igor , Chang Steven , Qadir Nida
Published: November 2018

Acute respiratory failure has a high mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). These patients may develop acute respiratory failure for reasons specific to advanced liver disease, including hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension, and hepatic hydrothorax. They may also develop respiratory complications due to conditions seen in the general intensive care unit population to which ESLD patients are at higher risk, including infection, volume overload, and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Management of these patients is complicated and multifaceted, and a comprehensive understanding of the etiologies and treatment of acute respiratory failure is critical in this high-risk patient population. This article reviews current evidence surrounding the prevalence, management, and complications of the various etiologies of acute respiratory failure in ESLD patients.
Emerging Role of Extracorporeal Support in Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Recent Developments
Authors: MacDonald Andrew , Karvellas Constantine
Published: November 2018

Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are life-threatening illnesses requiring intensive care admission and potentially liver transplantation. Artificial extracorporeal liver support (ECLS) systems remove water-soluble and albumin-bound toxins to maintain normal serum chemistry, prevent further hepatic/organ system damage, and create an environment for potential hepatic regeneration/recovery (ALF) or bridge to liver transplantation (ALF and ACLF). Use of artificial ECLS has been studied in both ALF and ACLF. Artificial ECLS systems have been found to be safe and have demonstrated the following benefits: improvement of biochemistries, hemodynamic status, and hepatic encephalopathy. Despite this, only one prospective randomized controlled trial examining the use of high-volume plasma exchange has demonstrated improvement in transplant-free survival. Bioartificial (cell-based) ECLS systems build on the technology of artificial systems, incorporating living hepatocytes in a bioactive platform to further mimic endogenous hepatic detoxification and synthetic functions. Currently, no bioartificial system has been found to confer a mortality benefit; however, these platforms offer the greatest potential for future development.
Non-Kolmogorov scaling and dissipation laws in planar turbulent plume
Authors: Layek G. C. , Sunita
Published: November 2018

We explore theoretically non-Kolmogorov scaling and dissipation laws by employing continuous symmetry group transformations on statistical model equations for planar turbulent plume. The dissipation laws for mean turbulent K. E. (k¯) and mean thermal intensity (kθ¯) at infinite Reynolds number limit are obtained as ϵ∼(k¯)3/2/(δuReδum), ϵθ∼(k¯)1/2(kθ¯)/(δuReδum), where the exponent m=3a2/(a1+a2) preferably belongs to [−3/2, 1], a1, a2 the dilation symmetry group parameters. Here Reδu is the local Reynolds number based on plume velocity width δu. The Kolmogorov dissipation law will hold only when k¯∼u¯2∼u′v′¯, which implies the same streamwise variations of Reynolds stresses, while non-Kolmogorov dissipation can hold only when k¯∼u¯2≁u′v′¯ indicating different streamwise variations of Reynolds stresses. When m = −3/2, the plume scales as a non-equilibrium exponential function of streamwise distance x, while for m ∈ (−3/2, 0) ∪ (0, 1], there exist multiple non-equilibrium power law scalings and classical equilibrium scaling corresponds to m = 0. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation law for m ≈ 1 is reported both experimentally and theoretically in axisymmetric turbulent wake and planar jet. When m = 1, the plume velocity and temperature widths (δu, δT) grow as ∼(x + a)2/5, centerline mean velocity grows as u¯c∼(x+a)1/5, and mean temperature decays as θc ∼ (x + a)−3/5, with a being a virtual origin. The non-equilibrium dissipation scaling instigates a variation of plume entrainment coefficient with streamwise distance. In particular, the region where dissipation scaling with exponent m = 1 holds, the entrainment coefficient in planar plume varies as ∼(x + a)−3/5, whereas the entrainment coefficient reported recently in planar jet varies as ∼(x + a)−1/3.
Annealing effect and interlayer modulation on magnetic damping of CoFeB/interlayer/Pt thin films
Authors: Zhu Zhendong , Zhao Bingcheng , Zhu Weihua , Tang Minghong , Ren Yang , Jin Q. Y. , Zhang Zongzhi
Published: November 2018

The annealing effect and interlayer (IL) modulation on the magnetic damping properties of CoFeB/IL/Pt (IL = Ta or Ru) multilayers have been systematically studied by the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. It is found that after inserting a thin IL, the saturated magnetic damping factor αs drops considerably due to the reduced spin pumping effect. By fitting the curves of αs versus IL thickness, spin diffusion lengths of Ta and Ru are determined to be 3.07 and 3.59 nm, respectively. Interestingly, for the CoFeB samples with different capping layers of Pt, Ta/Pt, or Ru/Pt, the αs values exhibit an identical non-monotonic variation tendency as annealing temperature (Ta) increases. It first rises to a maximum at Ta ∼ 100 °C and then decreases, reaching a minimum value (αs = 0.021–0.011) at Ta ∼ 300 °C. After that, αs starts to increase again. Such a complicated variation behavior is attributed to two-magnon scattering contribution, which originates from the change in the CoFeB surface roughness and interfacial atomic intermixing induced by thermal annealing. This study provides a deep understanding and effective control of magnetic damping for practical design of high performance spintronic devices.
Analysis of secondary electron emission properties of MgO/Au composite film with an Al-doped MgO surface layer
Authors: Gao Buyu , Li Jie , Hu Wenbo , Hao Ling , Wu Shengli , Li Yongdong , Fan Huiqing
Published: November 2018

To improve the electron-induced secondary electron emission (SEE) properties of MgO/Au composite film, the strategy of Al doping in the MgO surface layer is adopted and investigated. For an MgO/Au film, Al doping in its MgO surface layer results in a slight increase of its grain size as well as a reduction of its surface roughness according to microstructure characterizations and also causes the decreases of both the band gap and work function of MgO crystal on the basis of the first-principles calculations, all of which have a close relationship with the improvement of secondary electron yield (SEY) demonstrated by the SEE measurement. An MgO/Au film including an Al-doped MgO surface layer with a doping ratio of 4.4% has an SEY of 4.7 with an increase of 14.6% at a primary electron energy (Ep) of 200 eV and the maximum SEY of 10.4 with an increase of 8.3% at Ep of 1100 eV in comparison with an MgO/Au film including an undoped MgO surface layer.
Structural evaluation of ions-implanted GaN films by photothermal deflection spectroscopy
Authors: Sumiya Masatomo , Fukuda Kiyotaka , Iwai Hideo , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Onuma Takeyoshi , Honda Tohru
Published: November 2018

We characterize the behavior caused by thermal annealing for C, O, Si and Mg ions implanted in GaN films by photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) with respect to structural disorder and defect levels related to yellow luminescence. Although the implanted region damaged by ion bombardment is recovered by annealing, the FWHM values of ω(0002) evaluated by x-ray diffraction are almost independent of the temperature. However, the Urbach energy, as an index of structural disorder, evaluated by PDS is improved. Recovery of the structural disorder is likely to depend on the dose quantity rather than the acceleration voltage. Defect states in the band gap are reduced as well, though featured PDS signals related to the kind of implanted ion are hardly detected except for the carbon ion. The intensity of yellow luminescence at room temperature is enhanced according to the improvement of the Urbach energy and reduction of defect states in the band gap. PDS is useful for defect analysis of III-V nitride semiconductors that are electrically and optically inactive, such as ion-implantation samples, especially Mg-implanted GaN for achieving reliable p-type conduction.
Dynamic analysis on fluid-structure interaction of an elastically mounted square cylinder at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Mao Xinru , Zhang Li , Zou Qunfeng , Ding Lin
Published: November 2018

Fluid-structure interaction of an elastically mounted rigid square cylinder of low non-dimensional mass immersed in fluid flow is investigated numerically in the Reynolds numbers range of 60≤Re≤250. The square cylinder is allowed to freely vibrate only in the transverse direction perpendicular to the incoming flow. The two-dimensional incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved by the finite volume method for the fluid flow. The equation of motion is solved for the vibration of the square cylinder. The results show that abrupt both the frequency and amplitude ratios curves experience sudden change at Re=90 and 168, which marks the onset of the lock-in and galloping regime, respectively. Thus, four regimes can be divided in the present study and which are the initial regime, the lock-in regime, the lower branch and galloping regime. A local peak value is observed in the force coefficients curve and the maximum value is reached at Re=231. It is found that the peak oscillating amplitude of the lock-in regime is reached at 0.22D and the width of lock-in region with sharp corner is very narrow. In the galloping regime, the peak amplitude of the oscillating square cylinder is close to 0.70D at Re=231. Typical 2S vortex structure is observed in the initial regime, the lock-in regime, and the lower branch. While in the galloping regime, 2P, 2P+2S and more complicated vortex patterns are observed as Re increases.
Directly photoexcited Dirac and Weyl fermions in ZrSiS and NbAs
Authors: Weber Chris P. , Schoop Leslie M. , Parkin Stuart S. P. , Newby Robert C. , Nateprov Alex , Lotsch Bettina , Mariserla Bala Murali Krishna , Kim J. Matthew , Dani Keshav M. , Bechtel Hans A. , Arushanov Ernest , Ali Mazhar
Published: November 2018

We report ultrafast optical measurements of the Dirac line-node semimetal ZrSiS and the Weyl semimetal NbAs, using mid-infrared pump photons from 86 meV to 500 meV to directly excite Dirac and Weyl fermions within the linearly dispersing bands. In NbAs, the photoexcited Weyl fermions initially form a non-thermal distribution, signified by a brief spike in the differential reflectivity whose sign is controlled by the relative energy of the pump and probe photons. In ZrSiS, electron-electron scattering rapidly thermalizes the electrons, and the spike is not observed. Subsequently, hot carriers in both materials cool within a few picoseconds. This cooling, as seen in the two materials' differential reflectivity, differs in sign, shape, and timescale. Nonetheless, we find that it may be described in a simple model of thermal electrons, without free parameters. The electronic cooling in ZrSiS is particularly fast, which may make the material useful for optoelectronic applications.
In0.49Ga0.51P/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) on 200 mm Si substrates: Effects of base thickness, base and sub-collector doping concentrations
Authors: Wang Yue , Lee Kwang Hong , Loke Wan Khai , Ben Chiah Siau , Zhou Xing , Yoon Soon Fatt , Tan Chuan Seng , Fitzgerald Eugene
Published: November 2018

We report performance of InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) fabricated on epitaxial films directly grown onto 200 mm silicon (Si) substrates using a thin 100% germanium (Ge) buffer layer. Both buffer layer and device layers were grown epitaxially using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). With the assistance of numerical simulation, we were able to achieve high performance GaAs HBTs with DC current gain of ∼100 through optimizing the base doping concentration (C-doped, ∼ 1.9×1019/cm3), base layer thickness (∼55 nm), and the sub-collector doping concentration (Te-doped, > 5×1018/cm3). The breakdown voltage at base (BVceo) of higher than 9.43 V was realized with variation of < 3% across the 200 mm wafer. These results could enable applications such as power amplifiers for mobile phone handsets and monolithic integration of HBTs with standard Si-CMOS transistors on a common Si platform.
Time-resolved second harmonic generation with single-shot phase sensitivity
Authors: Tyson Alexandra L. , Woods David A. , Verlet Jan R. R.
Published: November 2018

A time-resolved, phase-sensitive second harmonic generation (SHG) method to probe the excited state dynamics of interfacial species is presented. It is based on an interference measurement between the SHG from a sample and a local oscillator generated at a reference surface in which an entire interference pattern is recorded in a single shot by using a spatially varying phase unit comprised of a pair of wedges that sandwich the reference sample. In combination with 30 kHz modulation of the experiment, shot-to-shot pump-probe measurements are presented. The technique is characterised by measuring the time-resolved change in the amplitude and phase of the interference pattern due to the excited state dynamics of the dye malachite green at the air/water interface. The key attributes of the technique are its excellent phase stability and sensitivity, and relatively short data acquisition times.
Microstencil-based spatial immobilization of individual cells for single cell analysis
Authors: Zaidi Khadija F. , Agrawal Nitin
Published: November 2018

Cells exhibit biologically heterogeneous phenotypes, particularly in pathogenic states. To study cell behavior at the single cell level, a variety of micropatterning techniques have been proposed that allow the spatial organization of cells with great control over cell volume, morphology, and intercellular interactions. Among these strategies, microstencil patterning has traditionally been eschewed due to fragility of membranes and lack of control over cell configurations within patterns. Here, we present a simple and reproducible strategy to create robust microstencils and achieve consistent and efficient cell patterns requiring less than 4 μl of cell solution. Polydimethylsiloxane microstencils fabricated with this technique can be used dozens of times over the course of several months with minimal wear or degradation. Characterization of pattern size, cell suspension density, and droplet volume allows on-demand configurations of singlets, doublets, triplets, or multiple cells per individual space. In addition, a novel technique to suppress evaporative convection provides precise and repeatable results, with a twofold increase in patterning efficacy. Selective dual surface modification to create hydrophilic islands on a hydrophobic substrate facilitates a significantly longer and healthier lifespan of cells without crossover of pattern boundaries. The ability to pattern individual cells with or without an extracellular matrix substrate and to control the magnitude of cell-cell contact as well as spread area provides a powerful approach to monitoring cell functions such as proliferation and intercellular signaling.
Deriving anteriority in the perfect of recent past
Authors: van der Klis Martijn
Published: November 2018

Most Romance languages share a grammaticalized construction to refer to events in the recent past, e.g. the passé
récent in French and the pasado reciente in Spanish. In English, typically a present
perfect alongside the adverb just is used to convey this meaning, commonly referred to as
perfect of recent past (Comrie 1985) or hot news
perfect (McCawley 1971). We show the French passé récent
leads to a reading of immediate anteriority, which blocks readings that are available for the passé composé
(Bres & Labeau 2015). In a parallel corpus study, we find that the Spanish and
French recent past forms have a similar distribution, and the Germanic languages generally use
perfect + just in translation. We then provide a DRT analysis to derive immediate anteriority compositionally.
Do we want more or less variation?
Authors: van der Meulen Marten
Published: November 2018

The suppression of optional variability is a cornerstone of English prescriptivism. For Dutch, however, it is unknown whether this concept is equally important. The goal of this paper is to investigate which stance towards variation is taken in Dutch prescriptivism, and what arguments are used to support this stance. I address these questions by looking at 236 usage advice items from 73 Dutch prescriptive publications concerning the comparative particles als and dan. This data shows a clear division in the allowance of variation. With the standard comparative (groter als/dan), variation is often allowed, but with equative constructions (even groot als) only one form is ever accepted. Furthermore, the allowance of variation decreases over time. The argumentation that is used shows few patterns, and is frequently completely absent. This indicates the existence of an ipse dixit (‘assertion without proof’) tradition in Dutch prescriptivism since 1900.