bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel compound heterozygous GFM1 variant underlying developmental delay, dystonia, polymicrogyria, and severe intellectual disability in a Pakhtun family
Authors: Khan Atta Ullah , Khan Ibrar , Khan Muhammad Ismail , Latif Muhammad , Siddiqui Muhammad Imran , Khan Shafi Ullah , Htar Thet Thet , Wahid Ghazala , Ullah Ikram , Bibi Fehmida , Khan Asifullah , Naseer Muhammad Imran , Seo Go Hun , Jelani Musharraf
Published: June 2022

Mitochondrial protein synthesis requires three elongation factors including EF‐Tu (TUFM; OMIM 602389), EF‐Ts (TSFM; OMIM 604723), and EF‐G1 (GFM1; OMIM 606639). Pathogenic variants in any of these three members result in defective mitochondrial translation which can impart an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency. In this study, we investigated a consanguineous Pakhtun Pakistani family. There were four affected siblings at the time of this study and one affected girl had died in infancy. The index patient had severe intellectual disability, global developmental delay, dystonia, no speech development, feeding difficulties, and nystagmus. MRI brain presented thinning of corpus callosum and polymicrogyria. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous variant in GFM1 located on chromosome 3q25.32. Sanger sequencing confirmed recessive segregation of the maternal (NM_001308164.1:c.409G > A; p.Val137Met) and paternal (NM_001308164.1:c.1880G > A; p.Arg627Gln) variants in all the four affected siblings. These variants are classified as “likely‐pathogenic” according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. GFM1 alterations mostly lead to severe phenotypes and the patients may die in early neonatal life; however, four of the affected siblings had survived till the ages of 10–17 years, without developing any life‐threatening conditions. Mostly, in cousin marriages, the pathogenic variants are identical‐by‐descent, and affected siblings born to such parents are homozygous. Three homozygous variants were shortlisted in the analysis of the WES data, but Sanger sequencing did not confirm their segregation with the disease phenotype. This is the first report from Pakistan expanding pathogenicity of GFM1 gene.
Organic Selenocyanates: Rapid Advancements and Applicationsin the Field of Organic Chemistry
Authors: Karmaker Pran Gopal , Huo Feng
Published: June 2022

The incorporation of the cyanato‐chalcogen group (OCN, SCN, and SeCN) has piqued the interest of many researchers in the field of modern organic synthetic chemistry. Methodologies for selenocyanation are far less advanced than those for OCN and SCN chemistry due to the scarcity of SeCN transfer reagents and synthetic approaches. It has also been discovered that the selenocyanate precursor (SeCN) performs significantly better than the thiocyanate (SCN) precursor in terms of pharmacological properties of organic scaffolds. Recent years, new reagents (nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical) and techniques were introduced that allowed the creation of the selenocyanato group uncomplicatedly under gentle reaction conditions, particularly in transition metal catalysis and photo‐/electro‐chemically influenced reactions, which were seemingly unimaginable. In this review, we have categorized a variety of techniques using various types of selenocyanate regents and their applications in the last decades, focusing on multiple catalysts for the preparation of organic selenocyanates and their derivatives.
Limbic Stimulation Drives Mania in STN‐DBS in Parkinson Disease: A Prospective Study
Authors: Prange Stéphane , Lin Zhengyu , Nourredine Mikail , Danaila Teodor , Laurencin Chloé , Lagha‐Boukbiza Ouhaid , Anheim Mathieu , Klinger Hélène , Longato Nadine , Phillipps Clelie , Voirin Jimmy , Polo Gustavo , Simon Emile , Mertens Patrick , Rolland Anne‐Sophie , Devos David , Metereau Elise , Tranchant Christine , Thobois Stéphane ,   for the Predistim study group
Published: June 2022

In this one‐year prospective study, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with or without mania following STN‐DBS were compared to investigate risk and etiological factors, clinical management and consequences. Eighteen (16.2%) out of 111 consecutive PD patients developed mania, of whom 17 were males. No preoperative risk factor was identified. Postoperative mania was related to ventral limbic subthalamic stimulation in 15 (83%) patients, and resolved as stimulation was relocated to the sensorimotor STN, besides discontinuation or reduction of dopamine agonists and use of low‐dose clozapine in 12 patients, while motor and nonmotor outcomes were similar. These findings underpin the prominent role of limbic subthalamic stimulation in postoperative mania. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:411–417
Synthesis, characterization, and α‐glucosidase, cholinesterases, and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of axial substituted silicon and peripheral tetra‐substituted copper (II), manganese (III) phthalocyanines
Authors: Öztürmen Berivan Arin , Barut Burak , Biyiklioglu Zekeriya
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we have synthesized axially di‐(3,3‐diphenylpropoxy) substituted silicon (DFP‐Si) and peripherally tetra‐(3,3‐diphenylpropoxy) substituted copper (II), manganese (III) phthalocyanines (DFP‐Cu, DFP‐Mn). Then, the α‐glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of DFP‐Si, DFP‐Cu, and DFP‐Mn were examined using spectrophotometric methods. DFP‐Mn had the highest inhibitor effect on cholinesterases, tyrosinase, and α‐glucosidase in a concentration‐dependent manner. DFP‐Mn inhibited α‐glucosidase with IC50 value of 17.80 μM. Also, DFP‐Mn also showed higher α‐glucosidase inhibitory actions that acarbose used as a positive control. The inhibition percentages in the presence of DFP‐Mn were 30.64 ± 2.24%, 51.96 ± 1.56%, and 72.96 ± 4.95%, respectively at 20, 40, and 100 μM on AChE. In the presence of DFP‐Mn at 100 μM, the inhibition percentages were calculated as 52.18 ± 2.22% against tyrosinase. These results showed that the compound has potential to treat Diabetes mellitus but further studies are needed to confirm the antidiabetic effect of the compound.
Heteroleptic silver(I), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of N4‐substituted thiosemicarbazones and ciprofloxacin: Theoretical, in vitro anti‐proliferative, and in silico molecular modeling and pharmacokinetics studies
Authors: Ahmed Sumeer , Jayathuna Mugamathu Ali , Mahendiran Dharmasivam , Bharathi Sundaram , Kalilur Rahiman Aziz
Published: June 2022

In this study, a series of new heteroleptic silver(I), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of the type [M(L1–3)(Cfx)n] (1–9), where L1–3 = N4‐substituted thiosemicarbazones (TSCs), Cfx = ciprofloxacin, M = Ag(I), Ni(II), or Cu(II), and n = 1 or 2, have been synthesized and characterized by spectral methods. The spectral data of the complexes suggest bidentate behavior of the TSC ligand, which coordinate with metal ion through thione sulphur and hydrazine nitrogen atoms, and neutral bidentate behavior of the ciprofloxacin drug that coordinates with metal ion through pyridone oxygen and one of the carboxylate oxygen atoms. The structural properties of the silver(I) complexes (1–3) were studied by density functional theory calculations, which indicate the distorted tetrahedral geometry with lower energy gap for complex 3. All the heteroleptic complexes were screened for their in vitro anti‐proliferative activity against four cancerous (lung [A549], estrogen negative [MDA‐MB‐231], estrogen positive [MCF‐7] and Henrietta's cancer cells [HeLa]), and one non‐cancerous (non‐tumorigenic human breast epithelial cell line [MCF‐10a]) cell lines by MTT reduction assay. The obtained results revealed the lower activity of silver(I) complexes and higher activity of copper(II) complexes against the tested cancer cell lines. The complexes 6 and 9 induce apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, which was evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method. The molecular docking studies revealed hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between the complexes and the epidermal growth factor receptor. The in silico analysis of the complexes for Lipinski's “rule of five” and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties predicted the drug‐likeness of the synthesized complexes.
Methacrylic copolymers with quinoxaline chromophores in the side chain exhibiting quadratic nonlinear optical response
Authors: Vakhonina Tatyana A. , Fazleeva Guzel M. , Kalinin Alexey A. , Gaysin Adel I. , Shmelev Artemiy G. , Islamova Liliya N. , Fominykh Olga D. , Sharipova Anastasiya V. , Shalin Nikita I. , Mukhtarov Anvar S. , Khamatgalimov Ayrat R. , Balakina Marina Yu.
Published: June 2022

The first example of polymer materials containing in the side chain original D‐π‐A chromophore with quinoxaline core in the π‐electron bridge is presented and their quadratic nonlinear optical (NLO) activity is studied. Two synthetic procedures: esterification and radical copolymerization, are used to obtain methacrylic copolymers P1Ch and P2Ch, respectively, which contain chromophores with quinoxaline moiety in various concentrations (4, 6, 7, and 9 mol%). Atomistic modeling has shown that introduction of chromophores in polymer side chains results in less pronounced chromophore aggregation in the material compared with the case of relative composites. NLO coefficients of the thin films obtained on the basis of copolymers P1Ch and P2Ch and composite material PMMA/AEEA‐VQV‐TCF with relative chromophore‐guest are up to 40, 21, and 43 pm/V, respectively, at chromophore content 25 wt%. Covalent attachment of chromophore moiety to the polymer side chain is shown to improve the temporal and thermal stability of the material NLO coefficient compared with that of the composite material.
Stearoylamido‐D‐Glucamine Hydrogelators for Thixotropic Molecular Gels with Tunable Softness by Chemical Modification
Authors: Ohsedo Yutaka
Published: June 2022

Low‐molecular‐weight hydrogelators containing stearoyl, glycine, and D‐glucamine moieties with or without methyl groups were synthesized to prepare chemically tuned molecular hydrogels. To evaluate the role of hydrogen bonding of hydrogelators in molecular hydrogel formation, the author has newly synthesized hydrogelators with or without methyl groups at their N−H in amide groups, contributing to the hydrogen bond formation in fiber in molecular hydrogels. The obtained hydrogels exhibited improved thixotropic performance with tunable softness, exhibiting pseudo‐reversible thixotropic cycles that depended on the methyl substitution positions in the hydrogelators. To change the hydrogen bonds′ positions by chemical modification has made it possible to tune the mechanical properties of molecular gels.
Prognostic features and comprehensive genomic analysis of NF1 mutations in EGFR mutant lung cancer patients
Authors: Tian Hong‐xia , Chen Zhi‐hong , Jie Guang‐Ling , Wang Zhen , Yan Hong‐hong , Wu Si‐pei , Zhang Shui‐lian , Lu Dan‐xia , Zhang Xu‐chao , Wu Yi‐long
Published: June 2022

Objective

NF1 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the neurofibromin protein and negatively regulates Ras signaling. This study was aimed to investigate the molecular, clinical characteristics, and prognostic features of NF1 gene in EGFR mutant lung cancer patients.

Method

The next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze the data from lung cancer patients in the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI) from June 2016 to December 2020.

Results

Somatic NF1 mutations were present in 4.2% (135/3220) of Chinese lung cancer patients. NF1 mutations where clearly enriched in older (p < 0.001), male (p < 0.001), and smoking (p < 0.001) patients. Patients with NF1 mutations were more likely to have TP53 (p = 0.003), BRAF (p = 0.001) and RASA1 (p = 0.026) mutations and mutually exclusive with EGFR mutations (p = 0.006). TP53 mutation had worsen prognosis in cases of NF1 mutant (p = 0.026) or EGFR/NF1 co‐mutant (p = 0.031) lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) patients. There was no effect on overall survival (OS) in LUAD patients with and without NF1 mutations, even in LUAD driver‐gene negative patients. NF1/EGFR co‐mutation patients had a longer OS than a single mutation of either the EGFR gene (median OS: 47.7 m vs. 30.2 m, hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.47 [0.30–0.74], p = 0.004) or NF1 gene (47.7 m vs. 19.0 m, 0.44 [0.27–0.73], p = 0.003). Furthermore, NF1 mutations significantly prolonged OS in EGFR mutant/TP53 wild‐type LUAD patients (106.5 m vs. 25.5 m, 0.28 [0.13–0.59], p = 0.003) but not in patients with EGFR/TP53 co‐mutations (36.8 m vs. 30.2 m, 0.70 [0.39–1.26], p = 0.280).

Conclusion

Our results indicated NF1 mutations served as a good prognostic factor in EGFR mutant/TP53 wild‐type lung cancer patients in this single‐center study. TP53 mutation was obviously enriched in NF1 mutant patients and had shorter OS.
A comprehensive analysis of Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS)/the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy among patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Zhang Yongchao , Chen Shanshan , Chen Hualei , Li Wei
Published: June 2022

Background

The association between Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and clinical outcomes in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains controversial. Thus, this meta‐analysis aimed to examine the prognostic performance of GPS and mGPS in patients treated with ICIs.

Methods

Eligible studies were retrieved from searches of EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until July 2021. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by using fixed‐effect or random‐effects model to evaluate the influence of GPS/mGPS on overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).

Results

A total of 1164 patients were included. Overall, mGPS score of 2 and 1 were related to inferior OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed no significant association between mGPS score of 1 and OS in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while this score was significantly associated with poor PFS in patients with NSCLC and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Higher GPS (score of 1 or 2) were associated with poor clinical outcomes (OS: p < 0.001; PFS: p = 0.036). Subgroup analysis showed high GPS levels were linked to worse OS in patients with NSCLC and gastric cancer, but not for PFS in these patients. Regarding test time point, GPS was related to worse OS and PFS in pre‐treatment GPS group, but not in post‐treatment GPS group.

Conclusion

GPS and mGPS showed great potential to predict survival in patients treated with ICIs. Large and perspective trial are warranted to further validate these findings.
Multiagency safeguarding arrangements during and beyond the Covid‐19 pandemic: Identifying shared learning
Authors: Driscoll Jenny , Hutchinson Aisha , Lorek Ann , Stride Christopher , Kiss Katrina
Published: June 2022

Measures to combat transmission of the coronavirus presented unprecedented challenges for safeguarding and child protection practice, including through withdrawal of routine opportunities to observe and engage with children and families and disruption of systems for inter‐agency communication and coordination. This article reports on a two‐stage study designed to identify shared learning from adaptations to professional practice in response to the measures. Interviews with 67 London‐based senior safeguarding leads from seven professional groups undertaken during the summer of 2020 informed an England‐wide survey to similar groups in February–March 2021. SPSS was used to analyse 417 responses, which were supplemented by answers to open questions. Findings are reported using the six practice themes which the Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel expects to inform shared learning to improve safeguarding at national and local levels. The study revealed the formidable barriers facing professionals in understanding the changing environments in which children were living and in identifying and assessing new or altered risks due to the pandemic; steps taken to respond to changing risks and to keep in touch and re‐engage families; strategies to support critical thinking and challenge among professionals working under unprecedented pressure; and opportunities for enhanced multiagency working and inter‐agency collaboration.
Social prescribing: A narrative review of how community engagement can improve wellbeing in later life
Authors: Bild Elena , Pachana Nancy A.
Published: June 2022

Social prescribing is being proposed by policy makers as a solution to primarily address lowered wellbeing and increased loneliness in older adults. Previous reviews have found a lack of supporting evidence for social prescribing. However, these reviews were using a narrow definition which may have left out some important evaluations. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the evidence for social prescribing programs using a broader definition to encompasses a variety of referral pathways and activities. The review was conducted by searching PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest Social Sciences databases, and a final 77 articles were included. We found that there were five main themes in the outcomes reported: social connection; improvement in the management of health and health status; improvement in mental health and wellbeing; life enrichment; and link worker support. Social prescribing programs appeared to have generally positive impacts however there was a large variety in both programs reported and quality of the research, which made drawing definitive conclusions difficult. Researchers evaluating programs in future should attempt to recruit larger sample sizes and use a mixed methods approach to further examine the evidence base for social prescribing.
Design, Synthesis and Anti‐Tumor Activity Evaluation of Novel 3,4‐(Methylenedioxy)cinnamic Acid Amide‐Dithiocarbamate Derivatives
Authors: Guo Jie , Cheng Maojun , Liu Peng , Cao Duanyuan , Luo Jinchong , Wan Yang , Wang Rikang , Fang Yuanying , Jin Yi , Zhang Zhipeng , Xie Sai‐Sai , Liu Jing
Published: June 2022

The fragments, 3,4‐(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid amide and dithiocarbamates, have received increasing attention because of their multiple pharmacological activities in recent years, especially in anti‐tumor. We synthesized 17 novel 3,4‐(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid amide‐dithiocarbamate derivatives based on the principle of pharmacophore assembly and discovered that compound 4a7 displayed the most potent antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells with IC50 value of 1.01 μM. Further mechanistic studies revealed that 4a7 triggered apoptosis in HeLa cells via activating mitochondria‐mediated intrinsic pathways and effectively inhibited colony formation. Also, 4a7 had the ability to arrest cell cycle in the G2/M phase as well as to inhibit the migration in HeLa cells. More importantly, acute toxicity experiments showed that 4a7 had good safety in vivo. All the results suggested that compound 4a7 might serve as a promising lead compound that merited further attention in future anti‐tumor drug discovery.
Composite Solid Electrolyte for High Voltage Solid‐State Li‐Metal Battery
Authors: Balasubramaniam Ramkumar , Nam Chan‐Woo , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Seol Jae‐chang , Ajeya Kanalli V. , Jung Ho‐Young , Lee Yun‐Sung
Published: June 2022

A composite solid electrolyte (CSE) was prepared by incorporating Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) particles, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), and different concentrations of a solid plasticizer in a poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) matrix. Subsequently, we investigated the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of the CSE, and its interfacial compatibility with a Li‐metal electrode. 30 wt.% plasticizer with CSE exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 4.23×10−4 and 8.14×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 and 60 °C, respectively, with an excellent stability of up to 4.76 V vs. Li/Li+. The CSE is sandwiched between the Li‐metal and NCM811 for the fabrication of a solid‐state battery (SSB), which delivers a discharge capacity (163 mAh g−1) at a rate of 0.2 C (60 °C). The LiNbO3 (LNO) modification over the NCM811 cell delivers a high discharge capacity of 198 mAh g−1, excellent rate capability, and good cycle life. Furthermore, the LNO coating on the surface of the NCM811 cathode, which effectively improves the contact between the cathode and electrolyte, eventually leads to an increase in the discharge capacity. Therefore, the prepared CSE is a good choice for use in SSB; moreover, the LNO coating noticeably improved the cycling stability, reversibility, and rate capability compared to an unmodified NCM811 cathode in the SSB configuration.
Sustainable Free‐Standing Electrode from Biomass Waste for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Ju , Rakov Dmitrii , Wang Jinfeng , Hora Yvonne , Laghaei Milad , Byrne Nolene , Wang Xungai , Howlett Patrick C. , Forsyth Maria
Published: June 2022

Battery sustainability is often neglected in favor of higher performance and economic efficiency in battery technology. The standard electrode containing the use of binder and toxic solvent has a detrimental impact on the environment. For the first time, a sustainable and free‐standing carbonized silk battery anode is prepared from woven silk biomass waste. The unique mechanical structural properties and surface functionality make this material not only avoid the use of binder and organic solvent, but with the possibility of achieving high energy density batteries. An outstanding initial Coulombic efficiency of 75.6 % and a remarkable capacity retention of 100 % after 100 cycles are achieved for the electrode carbonized at 1300 °C (CS_1300 °C) when using a non‐volatile and non‐flammable superconcentrated ionic liquid electrolyte. A uniformly NaF‐distributed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is produced on the CS_1300 °C surface to facilitate Na+ transfer kinetics, and high capacity utilization. Surface functional groups are elucidated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while density functional theory calculations reveal that these groups accelerate fast Na+ ion adsorption on the surface, but hinder Na+ intercalation kinetics due to the strong binding energy from the sodiophilic sites. This scalable and cost‐efficient strategy opens up a new avenue for mass‐production of battery anode materials, and proposes an argument for the role of surface functional groups in SEI formation and electrochemical performance.
PROTOCOL: Hate online and in traditional media: A systematic review of the evidence for associations or impacts on individuals, audiences, and communities
Authors: Hassan Ghayda , Rabah Jihan , Madriaza Pablo , Brouillette‐Alarie Sebastien , Borokhovski Eugene , Pickup David , Varela Wynnpaul , Girard Melina , Durocher‐Corfa Loïc , Danis Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review: The objectives are as follows: (1) to critically and systematically synthesize the empirical evidence on the effects or impacts of exposure to or consumption, active search, or promotion of hate content online or in traditional media; (2) to describe how the characteristics of hate (e.g., type of content, ideologies, severity, type of platform) impact the documented effects; (3) to collect and identify the role of contextual variables (e.g., individual traits, age, gender, socio‐economic background) on the documented effects; (4) to collect and produce a meaningful classification of outcomes; and (5) to identify gaps and limitations in the research and related policy documents.
Viscosity Limits for Zeroth‐Order Pseudodifferential Operators
Authors: Galkowski Jeffrey , Zworski Maciej
Published: June 2022

Motivated by the work of Colin de Verdière and Saint‐Raymond on spectral theory for zeroth‐order pseudodifferential operators on tori, we consider viscosity limits in which zeroth‐order operators, P, are replaced by P + iν Δ, ν > 0. By adapting the Helffer–Sjöstrand theory of scattering resonances, we show that, in a complex neighbourhood of the continuous spectrum, eigenvalues of P + iν Δ have limits as the viscosity ν goes to 0. In the simplified setting of tori, this justifies claims made in the physics literature. © 2021 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Routine flow cytometry approach for the evaluation of solid tumor neoplasms and immune cells in minimally invasive samples
Authors: Quirós‐Caso Covadonga , Arias Fernández Tamara , Fonseca‐Mourelle Ariana , Torres Héctor , Fernández Luis , Moreno‐Rodríguez Maria , Ariza‐Prota Miguel Ángel , López‐González Francisco Julián , Carvajal‐Álvarez Miguel , Alonso‐Álvarez Sara , Moro‐García Marco Antonio , Colado Enrique
Published: June 2022

Background

Multidimensional flow cytometry (MFC) is routinely used for the diagnosis and follow‐up of hematolymphoid neoplasms but its contribution to the identification of non‐hematolymphoid malignant tumors is limited.

Methods

The presence of non‐hematolymphoid cells in clinical samples obtained via minimally invasive methods was ascertained by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies previously developed in our laboratory comprising a mixture of antibodies: CD9‐PacB/CD45‐OC515/CD57‐FITC/CD56‐PE/CD3‐PerCP‐Cy5.5/CD117‐PE‐Cy7/CD326‐APC/CD81‐APC‐C750. Histopathological studies were performed using standard techniques.

Results

164 specimens of different origins were included. Malignancy was finally confirmed in 142 (86.5%), while 22 non neoplastic samples were identified. The most frequent diagnosis was small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (50%). High sensitivity (S = 98.6%) was reached combining MFC and conventional pathology. Individual markers differed according to the cellular origin of the neoplasm, with neuroendocrine tumors showing a unique immunophenotypic profile (CD56+ CD326+ CD117−/+ and variable tetraspanins expression). Principal component analysis efficiently distinguished SCLC from other tumor samples. In immune cell populations, differences between reactive and malignant biopsies were found in different cell compartments, especially in B cells and Plasma cells. Differences also emerged in the percentage of CD4+ CD8− T cells, CD4‐CD8+ T cells and NK cells and these were dependent on the origin of the tumor cells.

Conclusions

These results support the use of MFC as a rapid and valuable technique to detect non‐hematolymphoid tumoral cells in clinical specimens, providing an initial orientation to complement hystopathological studies and allow a more precise diagnosis, especially in neuroendocrine neoplasms. The impact of different immune cell patterns warrants further research.
Binder‐Free Synthesis of Mesoporous Nickel Tungstate for Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitor Applications: Effect of Film Thickness
Authors: Patil Dilip J. , Malavekar Dhanaji B. , Lokhande Vaibhav C. , Bagwade Prity P. , Khot Sambhaji D. , Ji Taeksoo , Lokhande Chandrakant D.
Published: June 2022

Nickel tungstate thin films of different thicknesses are synthesized using the binder‐free successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method at ambient temperature and subsequent calcination at a temperature of 727 K. The physicochemical characterizations of NiWO4 thin films are carried out using different techniques. The electrochemical performances of NiWO4 films are evaluated in 2 m KOH electrolyte using a standard three electrode system. The specific capacitance of 1536 F g−1 at the current density of 2 A g−1 is obtained for the NiWO4 film. The film exhibits excellent electrochemical stability of 87% after 5000 galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycles at the current density of 3 A g−1. This study highlights use of SILAR‐deposited NiWO4 thin films as a cathode in aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). The ASC device NiWO4/KOH/Fe2O3 exhibits a specific capacitance of 115 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and specific energy of 23Wh kg−1 at specific power of 1.2 kW kg−1. The device shows remarkable electrochemical cycling stability (78% capacitance retention after 5000 GCD cycles). The SILAR‐deposited NiWO4 thin films are expected to emerge as a potential candidate for supercapacitors.
Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamine to Schiff Base over 0D/2D CdS/CdIn2S4 Heterojunction
Authors: Huang Jingya , Huang Zongyi , Xu Shuang , Fan Tingting , Yi Xiaodong , Chen Zhou
Published: June 2022

To eliminate the usage of traditional fossil fuels, the concept of renewable energy sources to synthesize organic products has been increasingly accepted to achieve peak carbon emission and eventually carbon neutrality. Conversion of solar energy into chemical energy is considered one of the promising and sustainable paradigms to synthesize green chemicals with minimized negative environmental influence. Constructing a suitable semiconductor structure with proper energy‐level alignments is an essential prerequisite to improving photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, a series of 0D/2D CdS/CdIn2S4 composites are synthesized by two‐step procedures, which can improve the separation rate of photoinduced carriers and enhance the photocatalytic homocoupling oxidation of benzylamine to highly value‐added N‐benzylidenebenzylamine efficiency. As a result, the optimized 5wt% CdS/CdIn2S4 composite exhibits the highest benzylidenebenzylamine yield of 164.2 μmol under visible light irradiation for 1 h, which is ≈1.8 and 1.6 times than those of undecorated CdS and CdIn2S4. The synergistic effect between 0D CdS and 2D CdIn2S4 is comprehensively characterized, and the faster spatial separation and migration of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs contributed to the improved photocatalytic performance. This work can open up insight into construing 0D/2D heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic organic synthesis in an economically viable and environment‐friendly way.
Mesoporous Carbon as Conductive Additive to Improve the High‐Rate Charge/Discharge Capacity of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xue Shuqing , Wang Jinxiu , Xia Yan , Wang Yun , Jiang Wenfeng , Dong Angang , Yang Dong
Published: June 2022

The infiltration ability of electrolytes in to the electrode is vital to the high‐rate charge/discharge capacity of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, mesoporous carbon is used with abundant and continuous mesoporous channels as the conductive additive in LIBs to enhance the infiltration of electrolytes. The Li+ diffusion coefficient of the mesoporous carbon is 1.65 × 10−9 cm s−1, much higher than that of carbon nanotubes (2.5 × 10−10 cm s−1) and carbon black (1.6 × 10−10 cm s−1). It is demonstrated that LiFePO4 cathode‐based LIBs using mesoporous carbon as the conductive additive exhibit excellent high‐rate charge/discharge capacities of 121 mAh g−1 at 5 C and 54 mAh g−1 at 30 C. When the compaction density of the LiFePO4 electrode increases from 0.7 to 1.3 g cm−3, the LIBs can still deliver a capacity of 101 mAh g−1 at 3 C. This work paves a new route to facilely improve the quick charge/discharge performance of LIBs.
Consequence of COVID‐19 occurrences in wastewater with promising recognition and healing technologies: A review
Authors: Manimekalai B. , Arulmozhi R. , Krishnan Mariselvam Ammasi , Sivanesan S.
Published: June 2022

Presently, the coronavirus (COVID‐19) epidemic presents a major threat to global communal fitness also socio‐financial development. Ignoring worldwide isolation as well as shutdown attempts, the occurrence of COVID‐19 infected patients continues to be extremely large. Nonetheless, COVID‐19's final course, combined with the prevalence of emerging contaminants (antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, nanoplastics, pesticides, and so forth) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), presents a major problem in wastewater situations. The research, therefore, intends near examine an interdisciplinary as well as technical greet to succor COVID‐19 with subsequent COVID cycles of an epidemic as a framework for wastewater treatment settings. This research investigated the potential for wastewater‐based epidemiology to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 also the enzymes happening in wastewater conditions. In addition, a chance for the incorporation into the WWTPs of emerging and robust technologies such as mesmeric nanobiotechnology, electrochemical oxidation, microscopy, and membrane processes to enhance the overall likelihood of environmental consequences of COVID‐19 also strengthen such quality of water is resolved.
Effects of pulsating fluid at nozzle inlet on the output characteristics of common and self‐excited oscillation nozzle
Authors: Feng Chao , Wang Yu , Kong Lingrong
Published: June 2022

High‐speed water jets are key technologies for increased production efficiency in oil drilling, and high‐speed self‐excited oscillating pulsed water jets (SEOPWs) offer many advantages compared to continuous jets for most industrial applications. Therefore, many studies have focused on this topic. However, the current studies on hydraulic pulsed jets have rarely extended to integrated modeling of the high‐speed water jet transmission process. To better apply the SEOPWs, based on fluid mechanics, the theoretical model of the plunger pump–pipeline–nozzle is established, and the sensitivity of different nozzles on the pulsating fluid is studied in the time domain. Furthermore, the vibration characteristics of the nozzle are further investigated in the frequency domain. The results show that the common nozzle has an enlarged role in the pressure amplitude, the Helmholtz nozzle enlarges the pressure peak and amplitude, and the amplification is more obvious with the speedy growth on the plunger pump. However, as the pipeline becomes longer, the difference between the pressure of the inlet and outlet does not change. Therefore, the nozzle is more sensitive to the change in the plunger pump speed. In the frequency domain, the secondary frequency peak for the Helmholtz nozzle is 1.26 times larger than the interference frequency, while it is 1.08 times for the common nozzle. Helmholtz nozzles tend to produce stronger natural vibrations than common nozzles. By comparing the impact force, the experimental results show good agreement with the simulated results. The study provides a theoretical basis for water jet‐assisted drilling in deep wells and lays the foundation for the better application of self‐oscillating impact drilling tools.
The genomic signature of wild-to-crop introgression during the domestication of scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineusL.)
Authors: Guerra-García Azalea , Rojas-Barrera Idalia C. , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Papa Roberto , Piñero Daniel
Published: June 2022

The scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) is one of the five domesticated Phaseolus species. It is cultivated in small-scale agriculture in the highlands of Mesoamerica for its dry seeds and immature pods, and unlike the other domesticated beans, P. coccineus is an open-pollinated legume. Contrasting with its close relative, the common bean, few studies focusing on its domestication history have been conducted. Demographic bottlenecks associated with domestication might reduce genetic diversity and facilitate the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Conversely, introgression from wild relatives could be a source of variation. Using Genotyping by Sequencing data (79,286 single-nucleotide variants) from 237 cultivated and wild samples, we evaluated the demographic history of traditional varieties from different regions of Mexico and looked for evidence of introgression between sympatric wild and cultivated populations. Traditional varieties have high levels of diversity, even though there is evidence of a severe initial genetic bottleneck followed by a population expansion. Introgression from wild to domesticated populations was detected, which might contribute to the recovery of the genetic variation. Introgression has occurred at different times: constantly in the center of Mexico; recently in the North West; and anciently in the South. Several factors are acting together to increase and maintain genetic diversity in P. coccineus cultivars, such as demographic expansion and introgression. Wild relatives represent a valuable genetic resource and have played a key role in scarlet runner bean evolution via introgression into traditional varieties.
Development of antibacterial textiles by cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of volatile thyme active agents
Authors: Türkoğlu Gizem Ceylan , Sarıışık Ayşe Merih , Erkan Gökhan , Erden Emre , Pazarlıoğlu Nurdan
Published: June 2022

The study aims to develop wash‐resistant antibacterial cotton fabrics without using synthetic chemicals. Therefore, natural active agents of thyme, thymol and carvacrol were selected. The inclusion complexes were formed with β‐cyclodextrin using kneading method which is a simple and reproducible method for the encapsulation with high production yield. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis showed that 1:1 and 1:2 β‐CD: Guest Molecule (M:M) for thymol and carvacrol from different ratios studied has the highest complexation degree as 50% and 100%, respectively. It is also revealed that the volatile agents are retained and showed better thermal stability as a result of complexation. Carvacrol inclusion complexes were found relatively more stable (Zeta potential: −28.2 mV) than thymol complexes with smaller particle sizes (204.9 nm). Chemical structures of the inclusion complexes were revealed with Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The optimum formulations for each active agent were applied to cotton fabrics as per the impregnation method and the capsule treated fabrics were washed 1, 10 and 20 times. The images exhibited the presence of inclusion complexes on the fabrics after 20 washing cycles. Although the antibacterial efficacy of fabrics decreased with increasing washing, the fabrics showed the antibacterial effect after 20 washes against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. This study showed that the developed products can be an alternative to the other products in the market as the long‐lasting fragrant natural antibacterial.
Analysis of mathematical modeling methods in the processes of underground injection, storage, and conversion of carbon dioxide
Authors: Klimov Dmitry , Zakirov Ernest
Published: June 2022

The problem of carbon dioxide utilization is of increasing concern to the public, since measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are no longer sufficient to prevent a global increase in temperature on the planet. Most modeling scenarios show that a significant deployment of negative emission technologies is required. Carbon dioxide is often used as an agent for enhancing hydrocarbon production in the development of oil and gas fields, which is technologically consistent with projects for its utilization and underground storage in depleted reservoirs, saline aquifers, and shale rocks. For the successful implementation of such sequestration projects, it is necessary to conduct a complex of experimental, modeling, and field studies. It is necessary to understand the characteristic physical and chemical changes that occur in a subterranean formation during sequestration processes, such as dissolution, chemical reactions, convective mixing, advective processes, and dispersion. Computer modeling of ongoing processes is seen as a very important task for the correct functioning of such projects. The article deals with topical problems of computer modeling of processes associated with underground injection and storage of carbon dioxide, and also presents the results of laboratory studies on the utilization of carbon dioxide through its catalytic conversion into useful energy resources—hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The findings of this study can help to better understand physicochemical mechanisms that can occur in subterranean formations when carbon dioxide is injected. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnane neurosteroids exert opposite effects on GABA and glycine‐induced chloride current in isolated rat neurons
Authors: Solntseva Elena I. , Bukanova Julia V. , Skrebitsky Vladimir G. , Kudova Eva
Published: June 2022

The ability of endogenous neurosteroids (NSs) with pregnane skeleton modified at positions C‐3 and C‐5 to modulate the functional activity of inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyR) and ionotropic ɣ‐aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAAR) was estimated. The glycine and GABA‐induced chloride current (IGly and IGABA) were measured in isolated pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus and in isolated rat cerebellar Purkinje cells, respectively. Our experiments demonstrated that pregnane NSs affected IGABA and IGly in a different manner. At low concentrations (up to 5 μM), tested pregnane NSs increased or did not change the peak amplitude of the IGABA, but reduced the IGly by decreasing the peak amplitude and/or accelerating desensitization. Namely, allopregnanolone (ALLO), epipregnanolone (EPI), pregnanolone (PA), pregnanolone sulfate (PAS) and 5β‐dihydroprogesterone (5β‐DHP) enhanced the IGABA in Purkinje cells. Dose–response curves plotted in the concentration range from 1 nM to 100 μM were smooth for EPI and 5β‐DHP, but bell‐shaped for ALLO, PA and PAS. The peak amplitude of the IGly was reduced by PA, PAS, and 5α‐ and 5β‐DHP. In contrast, ALLO, ISO and EPI did not modulate it. Dose–response curves for the inhibition of the IGly peak amplitude were smooth for all active compounds. All NSs accelerated desensitization of the IGly. The dose–response relationship for this effect was smooth for ALLO, PA, PAS and 5β‐DHP, but it was U‐shaped for EPI, 5α‐DHP and ISO. These results, together with our previous results on NSs with androstane skeleton, offer comprehensive overview for understanding the mechanisms of effects of NSs on IGly and IGABA.
The influence of postscreening follow‐up time and participant characteristics on estimates of overdiagnosis from lung cancer screening trials
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Zhang Li , Charvat Hadrien , Callister Matthew E. , Sasieni Peter , Christodoulou Evangelia , Kaaks Rudolf , Johansson Mattias , Carvalho Andre L. , Vaccarella Salvatore , Robbins Hilary A.
Published: June 2022

We aimed to explore the underlying reasons that estimates of overdiagnosis vary across and within low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening trials. We conducted a systematic review to identify estimates of overdiagnosis from randomised controlled trials of LDCT screening. We then analysed the association of Ps (the excess incidence of lung cancer as a proportion of screen‐detected cases) with postscreening follow‐up time using a linear random effects meta‐regression model. Separately, we analysed annual Ps estimates from the US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and German Lung Cancer Screening Intervention Trial (LUSI) using exponential decay models with asymptotes. We conducted stratified analyses to investigate participant characteristics associated with Ps using the extended follow‐up data from NLST. Among 12 overdiagnosis estimates from 8 trials, the postscreening follow‐up ranged from 3.8 to 9.3 years, and Ps ranged from −27.0% (ITALUNG, 8.3 years follow‐up) to 67.2% (DLCST, 5.0 years follow‐up). Across trials, 39.1% of the variation in Ps was explained by postscreening follow‐up time. The annual changes in Ps were −3.5% and −3.9% in the NLST and LUSI trials, respectively. Ps was predicted to plateau at 2.2% for NLST and 9.2% for LUSI with hypothetical infinite follow‐up. In NLST, Ps increased with age from −14.9% (55‐59 years) to 21.7% (70‐74 years), and time trends in Ps varied by histological type. The findings suggest that differences in postscreening follow‐up time partially explain variation in overdiagnosis estimates across lung cancer screening trials. Estimates of overdiagnosis should be interpreted in the context of postscreening follow‐up and population characteristics.
HIV drug resistance in persons initiating or reinitiating first‐line antiretroviral therapy in Paraguay: Results of a National Patient Survey
Authors: Aguilar Gloria , Truong Hong‐Ha M. , Ovelar Patricia , Samudio Tania , Lopez Gladys , García‐Morales Claudia , Tapia‐Trejo Daniela , López‐Sánchez Dulce M. , Ávila‐Ríos Santiago , Giron Amalia , De Arias Antonieta R. , Rios‐Gonzalez Carlos , McFarland Willi
Published: June 2022

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance increases mortality and morbidity and antiretroviral therapy (ART) costs. We describe Paraguay's first nationally representative survey on pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) conducted among persons who initiated or reinitiated ART in 2019. ​​​​We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance in Paraguay in 2019. Participants were sampled at four comprehensive care clinics where 90% of patients with HIV in Paraguay initiate ART. Patients included were adults ≥18 years old who initiated first‐line ART or reinitiated the same first‐line ART regimen after ≥3 months of discontinuation. Of 208 patients, 93.8% had no prior ART exposure, 3.8% reinitiated the same regimen, 2.4% had unknown prior ART exposure; and 31.3% had a CD4 count <200 cells/µl. Mutations associated with resistance were present in 15.4% of patients. Mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) were present in 13.0% of patients, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 4.3%, and integrase inhibitors in 3.4%. Mutations associated with resistance to tenofovir were present in 1.0% of patients and emtricitabine/lamivudine in 1.4%. ​​Nearly one in six patients had PDR in Paraguay's first nationally representative sample. High NNRTI PDR prevalence underscores the need to accelerate the transition to dolutegravir‐based first‐line ART. The low PDR prevalence of tenofovir and emtricitabine is reassuring as these ARVs are part of the World Health Organization (WHO)‐recommended oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis regimen. The high proportion of individuals initiating ART at a late disease stage highlights the need to improve treatment linkage strategies and implement WHO rapid ART initiation recommendations.
An a priori thermodynamic data analysis based chemical lumping method for the reduction of large and multi‐component chemical kinetic mechanisms
Authors: Matrisciano Andrea , Seidel Lars , Mauss Fabian
Published: June 2022

A chemical species lumping approach for reduction of large hydrocarbons and oxygenated fuels is presented. The methodology is based on an a priori analysis of the Gibbs free energy of the isomer species which is then used as main criteria for the evaluation of lumped group. Isomers with similar Gibbs free energy are lumped assuming they present equal concentrations when applied to standard reactor conditions. Unlike several lumping approaches found in literature, no calculation results from the primary mechanism have been employed prior to the application of our chemical lumping strategy. An 807 species and 7807 individual reactions detailed mechanism comprising n‐decane, α‐methylnaphthalene and methyl decanoate has been used. The thermodynamic data have been analyzed and 74 isomer groups have been identified within the oxidation of n‐decane and methyl decanoate. The mechanism reduction has led to a mechanism size of 463 species and 7600 reactions. Thereafter the lumped mechanism has been checked under several reactor conditions and over a broad range of temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio in order to quantify the accuracy of the proposed approach. In all cases, very good agreement between the predictions obtained using the lumped and the detailed mechanism has been observed with an overall absolute error below 12%. Effects of the lumping procedure on sensitivities and on isomer concentrations were considered to further demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.