bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin on the Prevention of Oxidative Damage to the Cochlea in an Ototoxic Rat Model Based on Malondialdehyde Expression
Authors: Haryuna Tengku Siti Hajar , Fauziah Dyah , Anggraini Sari , Harahap M Pahala Hanafi , Harahap Juliandi
Published: August 2021

Introduction Aminoglycoside, as an antimicrobial medication, also has side-effects on the inner ears, bringing about hearing disorders. Curcumin has been proven to be a strong scavenger against various reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the increase in ROS production is considered to play an important role in the process of hearing disorder.

Objective To prove that curcumin is an effective antioxidant to prevent cochlear damage based on malondialdehyde (MDA) expression.

Methods The present research used 32 Rattus norvegicus, of the Wistar lineage, randomly divided into 8 groups: negative control, ototoxic control (a single dose of 40 mg/ml of gentamicin via intratympanic injection), 2 groups submitted to ototoxic control + curcumin treatment (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg), 2 groups who iunderwent ototoxic control + curcumin treatment for 7 days, and two groups submitted to curcumin treatment as prevention for 3 days + ototoxic induction.

Results The results showed that the lowest dosage of curcumin (100 mg/kg) could decrease MDA expression on the cochlear fibroblastic wall of the ototoxic model; however using greater doses of curcumin (200 mg/kg) for 7 days would provide a better effect. Curcumin could also significantly decrease MDA expression when it was administered during the preototoxic exposure.

Conclusion Curcumin can be used as a therapy for ototoxic prevention based on the decrease in MDA expression.
Carpal Instability: II. Imaging
Authors: Hesse Nina , Schmitt Rainer , Luitjens Johanna , Grunz Jan-Peter , Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth Maria
Published: August 2021

Beyond clinical examination, the various forms of carpal instability are assessed with radiologic methods and arthroscopy. For this purpose, the imaging demand for spatial and contrast resolution is particularly high because of the small ligamentous structures involved. The entities of carpal instability are classified into degrees of severity. Early (dynamic) forms of instability can either be indirectly detected with X-ray stress views and cineradiography or by direct visualization of ruptured ligaments in high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR or computed tomography (CT) arthrography, with the latter the standard of reference in imaging. Advanced (static) forms of carpal instability are sufficiently well detected on radiographs; visualization of early carpal osteoarthritis is superior on CT. To prevent disability of the hand, the radiologist has to provide an early and precise diagnosis. This case-based review highlights the imaging procedures suitable for detection and classification of carpal instability.
Biliary Strictures: Etiologies and Medical Management
Authors: Rodrigues Terrance , Boike Justin R.
Published: August 2021

Biliary strictures have several etiologies that can broadly be classified into benign and malignant causes. The clinical presentation is variable with strictures identified incidentally on imaging or during the evaluation of routine laboratory abnormalities. Symptoms and cholangitis lead to imaging that can diagnose biliary strictures. The diagnosis and medical management of biliary strictures will be discussed in this article.
Percutaneous Management of Biliary Stones
Authors: Ozcan Nevzat , Riaz Ahsun , Kahriman Guven
Published: August 2021

Bile duct stone disease is the most common causes of nonmalignant bile duct obstructions. The range of common bile duct stone formation in patients with cholecystectomy is 3 to 14.7%. Hepatolithiasis, although endemic in some parts of the world, is a rare disease that is difficult to manage. Endoscopic intervention is accepted as the first-line management of common bile duct stones. However, when the bile duct cannot be cannulated for various reasons, the endoscopic procedure fails. In this circumstance, percutaneous approach is an alternative technique for the nonsurgical treatment of bile duct stones. This article reviews the indications, technique, outcomes, and complications of the percutaneous treatment of bile duct stone disease.
A Word of Caution for Gossypiboma
Authors: Sayan Bihter , Yamansavci Sirzai Esra , Yildizeli Bedrettin
Published: August 2021

Gossypiboma, a retained nonabsorbable surgical sponge, is a major safety issue despite being infrequent, causing serious malpractice debates. In addition to this, it may mimic a range different disease within the thorax and even have unpleasant clinical presentations even after years.

In this article, we report four gossypiboma cases with nonspecific clinical presentations to emphasize the importance of keeping this diagnosis in mind with all patients who have had a previous operation.
WEST tokamak hard x-ray tomography inversion
Authors: Wongrach K. , Mazon D. , Morales J. , Fleury L. , Picha R. , Promping J.
Published: August 2021

Long-pulse steady-state discharges with lower hybrid current drive were successfully obtained in the limiter configuration machine, Tore Supra. The hard x-ray (HXR) diagnostic system in Tore Supra associated with tomographic inversion provided a good approximation of the lower hybrid power deposition profile. The accurate plasma current control through this tomographic reconstruction leads to an improvement of plasma confinement. Tore Supra was upgraded to WEST, Tungsten (W) Environment in Steady-state Tokamak. The plasma geometry was changed to the D-shaped geometry. Therefore, a novel inversion code for WEST has been developed. The method used in the code is based on the Bessel function of the first kind of order zero. The code validation was performed using phantom emissivity profiles and WEST experimental data. It has been found that the line radiation of the tungsten divertor in WEST and noise significantly affect the inversion. The local HXR emissivity profile with acceptable accuracy can be achieved by applying a singular value decomposition filter and suppressing the lines of sight that intersect the divertors.
Computational evaluation of drug delivery in human respiratory tract under realistic inhalation
Authors: Tiwari Anurag , Jain Anuj , Paul Akshoy R. , Saha Suvash C.
Published: August 2021

In recent years, pulmonary diseases have posed severe health problems because of increasing air pollution. Some of the promising drug delivery devices for administering the active pharmaceutical ingredients through the pulmonary route include a pressurized metered-dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler (DPI) for the management of respiratory illness. The drug settling (deposition) efficiency in different regions of a human respiratory tract (HRT) for different drug particle sizes is computed using the discrete phase model in the current study. A computer tomography-based realistic HRT replica is used for this purpose with different inhalation rates following a realistic inhalation profile through the DPI device. Unsteady flow analysis is carried out in a human respiratory system up to the sixth-generation bronchi. The particle force balance equation is used in the discrete-phase model to simulate the motion of drug particles in the HRT. Low, moderate, and high inhalation rates following realistic inhalation profiles are used in the present study. The particles of larger size are deposited more in the oral cavity and are deposited higher at a higher inhalation rate due to higher inertia force. It is also observed that drug particle size plays a key role in drug delivery through dry powder inhalers. It is also found that drugs should contain smaller-sized particles (called fine particles) to enable their reach in the distal bronchi.
Tunable spin electronic and thermoelectric properties in twisted triangulene
π
-dimer junctions
Authors: Wu Dan , Huang Lin , Jia Pin-Zhen , Cao Xuan-Hao , Fan Zhi-Qiang , Zhou Wu-Xing , Chen Ke-Qiu
Published: August 2021

In this work, we investigate the electronic properties and thermoelectric performance of triangulene π-dimer junctions with the twist angle from 0° to 60° by using first-principles calculations in combination with a non-equilibrium Green's function method. It is found that the triangulene π-dimer can be transformed between nonmagnetic state and antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic state by varying the twist angle. The reason is that the relative rotation between the monomers weakens the overlap of two single occupied molecular orbital. More importantly, our theoretical analysis shows that the ferromagnetic states of the triangulene π-dimer junctions at the twist angle of 20°, 30°, and 60° have outstanding thermoelectric performance. The corresponding ZT value is as high as around 6, which is mainly contributed from the spin splitting nature. This work is instructive to improve the thermoelectric properties of π-stacking molecular junctions or organic polymers.
Quadratic and symplectic structures on 3-(Hom)–ρ-Lie algebras
Authors: Bagheri Zahra , Peyghan Esmaeil
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we generalize the notions of quadratic and symplectic structures to the case of 3-(Hom)–ρ-Lie algebras. We describe some properties of them by expressing the related lemmas and theorems. In addition, we introduce the concept of 3-pre-(Hom)–ρ-Lie algebras and define their representation.
Influence of heating on the measured friction behavior of graphene evaluated under ultra-high vacuum conditions
Authors: Gong Peng , Egberts Philip
Published: August 2021

Atomic scale friction measurements of exfoliated graphene on a silicon oxide substrate were conducted under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions using an atomic force microscope. Two groups of samples were prepared: one that was heated for 3 h at 800 °C in the UHV chamber and one that was not heated in the UHV chamber. The heated sample showed much lower friction, a lower pull-off force during unloading, and no hysteresis between loading and unloading friction measurements on the heated sample compared with the unheated sample. Additionally, a significantly higher tilt of the friction loop was observed in the unheated sample compared with no or very little tilt of friction loops in the heated sample. Interpretation of lateral forces using the Prandtl–Tomlinson model showed a significantly higher energy corrugation on the unheated sample, but similar lateral contact stiffnesses. Furthermore, no hysteresis in either the energy corrugation or lateral contact stiffness was observed in either sample, suggesting that friction hysteresis is less likely correlated with the energy corrugation and lateral contact stiffness. These observations suggest that surface contamination was present on the unheated sample, which is removed or reduced to undetectable levels on the heated sample. Furthermore, the study distinguishes features in the friction behavior induced by surface contamination with those associated with graphene's intrinsic properties.
Passivation mechanism in CdTe solar cells: The hybrid role of Se
Authors: Selvaraj Selva Chandrasekaran , Gupta Sameer , Caliste Damien , Pochet Pascal
Published: August 2021

In this Letter, we report on the role of Se incorporation in the increased efficiency recently measured in Se alloyed cadmium telluride (CdTe) absorbers. This is done by means of density functional theory calculations following an extensive exploration of all the possible diffusion paths of Se. We identify a unique two-step mechanism that accounts for bulk diffusion of chalcogenide interstitials in CdTe, explaining the Se diffusion measured in experiments. The interaction of the diffusing interstitial with the Cd vacancy and the Te antisite is further analyzed in order to understand the passivation of these two main non-radiative recombination centers. Taking into account the approach path of Se, we identify nine complexes that present different levels of passivation. The lowest formation energy is achieved for a ⟨100⟩ Te dimer with two Se in the first neighbor shell. This defect also presents the shallowest donor character defect state due to the presence of Se. This highlights the hybrid role of Se in the mechanism of increased efficiency: it first mediates the diffusion of chalcogenide toward the non-radiative recombination centers before it leads with Te to their optimal passivation. This comprehensive insight should allow further improvements in CdTe-based technologies.
Entanglement density and particle dynamics in rigid interfacial layers of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Di , Feng Yi , Li Ruhao , Ozisik Rahmi , Akcora Pinar
Published: August 2021

Intermixing between chemically different polymers around nanoparticles creates chemically heterogeneous layers, exhibiting unusual dynamic anomalies due to dynamic confinement and coupling phenomena in polymer nanocomposites. Interfacial mixing of chains is possible when adsorbed chains are mobile above their glass-transition temperature, leading to enhanced entanglement density at the interphase. Linear rheology data of polymer nanocomposites with chemically heterogeneous interphases around nanoparticles were analyzed over a wide frequency range to investigate the role of chain rigidity on matrix chain relaxations and particle diffusion. Our findings show that nanoparticles adsorbed with less rigid polymer move in a sub-diffusive mode. Nanoparticles adsorbed by flexible polymers can slow down the matrix polymer dynamics and particle diffusion, and this interphase effect enhances the viscoelastic properties of the whole polymer nanocomposite.
Validation of parameters and protocols derived from chlorophyll
Authors: González-Guerrero Luis A. , Vásquez-Elizondo Román M. , López-Londoño Tomás , Hernán Gema , Iglesias-Prieto Roberto , Enríquez Susana
Published: August 2021

This study documents the first validation of the suitability of the most common parameters and protocols used in marine ecophysiology to characterise photosynthesis by means of chlorophyll a fluorescence tools. We demonstrate that the effective yield of PSII (ΔF/Fm′) is significantly underestimated when using short inductions times (≤1 min) following the rapid light curve protocol (RLC). The consequent electron transport rates (ETR) underestimations are species-specific and highly variable with irradiance and the photoacclimatory condition of the sample. Our analysis also questions the use of relative descriptors (relETR), as they not only overestimate photosynthesis, but overlook one of the fundamental components of the photosynthetic response: light absorption regulation. Absorptance determinations were fundamental to characterise the ETR response of low-pigmented seagrass leaves, and also uncovered relevant differences between two coral species and the accclimatory response of a cultured dinoflagellate to temperature. ETR and oxygen evolution determinations showed close correlations for all organisms tested with the expected slope of 4 e– per O2 molecule evolved, when correct photosynthesis inductions and light absorption determinations were applied. However, ETR curves cannot be equated to conventional photosynthetic response to irradiance (P vs E) curves, and caution is needed when using ETR to characterise photosynthesis rates above photosynthesis saturation (Ek). This validation strongly supports the utility of fluorescence tools, underlining the need to correct two decades of propagation of erroneous concepts, protocols and parameters in marine eco-physiology. We aim also to emphasise the importance of optical descriptions for understanding photosynthesis, and for interpreting fluorescence measurements. In combination with conventional gross photosynthesis (GPS) approaches, optical characterisations open an extraordinary opportunity to determine two central parameters of photosynthesis performance: the quantum yield (φmax) of the process and its minimum quantum requirements (1/φmax). The combination of both approaches potentiates the possibilities of chlorophyll a fluorescence tools to characterise marine photosynthesis biodiversity.
Mechanosensitive channel gating by delipidation
Authors: Flegler Vanessa Judith , Rasmussen Akiko , Borbil Karina , Boten Lea , Chen Hsuan-Ai , Deinlein Hanna , Halang Julia , Hellmanzik Kristin , Löffler Jessica , Schmidt Vanessa , Makbul Cihan , Kraft Christian , Hedrich Rainer , Rasmussen Tim , Böttcher Bettina
Published: August 2021

Significance

Proteins embedded in membranes experience anisotropic forces from their surroundings. Mechanosensors are activated upon changes in the membrane tension and are the basis of important biological functionalities. However, the molecular mechanisms of mechanosensation are only vaguely understood. Hydrophobic mismatch between protein and membrane, amphiphilic sliding helices, or local membrane bending are examples for different concepts explaining mechanosensation in which one or more of these concepts could be implemented in a particular protein. Here, we show that the mechanosensitive channel of small conductance is gated by the extrusion of lipids from hydrophobic pockets independent of the membrane. A cryoelectron microscopy map at 2.3-Å resolution reveals the so-far-neglected role of aliphatic chains at the periplasmatic side in stabilizing the open state.
T2B or not to B: Calming neutrophils offshore
Authors: Munir Hafsa , Lu Theresa T.
Published: August 2021

In this issue of JEM, Podstawka et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210409) show that B cells can limit neutrophil responses within the lung microvasculature by marginating and acting on marginated neutrophils. This study provides a new view of B cells and reveals a novel mechanism of cell-mediated intravascular regulation.
Widening the scope of constriction
Authors: Short Ben
Published: August 2021

JGP modeling study suggests that selectivity filter constriction is a plausible mechanism for C-type inactivation of the Shaker voltage-gated potassium channel.
Silicon carbide coatings on zirconium alloy for light water reactor fuel cladding studies
Authors: Afornu B K , Lider A M , Ismail O A , Krinitcyn M G
Published: August 2021

Coating of zirconium alloys is a promising approach for improving various properties of the cladding of fuel elements, including physical, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and reduction of radiation damage. In this paper, SiC coatings with thicknesses of 100, 200, and 300 microns were deposited by selective laser sintering (SLS) on Zr-1Nb alloy substrates at a laser power of 150 W. The 200 μm layer deposition registered the least contact depth during macro-scratch test to a maximum depth of about 25 μm into the coating. The uniformity and less porosity of the coatings is observed on the transverse sections in the entire variant. Analysis of the phase composition of the coating revealed the formation of silicon carbide phases (6H & 4H), with protective oxides of Al2O3, Y2O3, SiO2 and YAlO3. High coating adhesion was noticed with results of the scratch tests showing no delamination regardless of the higher loads used. However, partial chippings and transverse cracks were observed. The results obtained indicate the need for further research to improve the porosity of the surface structure of the coating and to conduct other necessary tests.
Oxidation features of sintered SiC composites deposited on E110 alloy at 1200 °c in air for fuel cladding studies
Authors: Afornu B K , Lider A M , Kashkarov E B , Syrtanov M S
Published: August 2021

Protective coatings are designed to reduce oxidation under extreme reactor temperature conditions. This study involves the application of a SiC coating on an E110 (Zr-1Nb) substrate in an atmosphere of air and argon by selective laser sintering (SLS) technique in which high-temperature oxidation test (HT-Ox) was performed on samples at a temperature of 1200 °C in air for 600 seconds. Calculated mass gained after HT-Ox test gave 34.6 mg/cm2, 31.1 mg/cm2, and 22.8 mg/cm2 for uncoated E110 alloy, SiC-E110 sintered in air and SiC-E110 sintered in an argon atmosphere respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase studies show the formation of more than 90% ZrO2 on the uncoated E110 alloy after HT-Ox. SiO2 and YAlO3 accounted for more than 50% of the oxides formed on the surfaces of samples coated with SiC after a HT-Ox test. Higher coating hardness’s with lower indentation depths were consistently observed in the SiC coated specimen before and after HT-Ox tests proving stability in the coated samples while higher indentation depths and sudden quadrupling in hardness was recorded in E110 alloy before and after HT-Ox respectively. SiC coating on Zr-alloy plays a significant role in reducing oxidation, especially in coatings fabricated in an inert environment.
Using computer vision in the gameplay of educational computer games
Authors: Chursin G , Semenov M
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the use of computer vision elements in an educational game developed with the Unity3D game engine. The game is aimed at teaching and developing the skills of students in mathematics, physics, programming. For the development of educational games, it is necessary to completely change the approach to their development. We assume that the introduction of modern technologies, namely computer vision and microcontrollers, will attract students to the study of technology. This paper examines the possibility of introducing computer vision into the gameplay in real time. We propose to use image segmentation based on the oriented gradient histogram functions. We achieve 98 % accuracy using support vector machines for classification
The influence of alloying elements on the formation of the interfacial of a Fe-Cu bimetal produced by wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing
Authors: Osipovich K S , Chumaevskii A V , Kalashnikov K N
Published: August 2021

In the present work, microstructural studies of the Fe-Cu bimetallic sample interface were carried out. The “vertical wall” sample made of different materials – AISI 321 stainless steel and C11000 copper – was produced by the wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing. The presence of sharp boundaries between inclusions and a matrix of these immiscible materials was shown. Moreover, the steel inclusions had an intraphase stratification. However, neither between the main elements of the bimetallic compound of Fe and Cu nor between the alloying elements included in the stainless steel composition, the formation of intermetallics was not detected.
Regularities of the deformed microstructure of ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823 after high-temperature thermomechanical treatment
Authors: Almaeva K V , Litovchenko I Yu , Polekhina N A , Akkuzin S A
Published: August 2021

The features of the microstructure of 12% chromium ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823 near the neck region of samples deformed by tension at T=-70, -40 °C, 20 °C and in the temperature range close to the reactor core operating temperatures of T = 650, 720 °C after high-temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTMT) are investigated. It is shown that at negative and room temperatures plastic deformation leads to curvature and fragmentation of martensitic lamellae, formation of new low-angle boundaries and a significant increase in the dislocations density. Deformation at high temperature contributes to the dynamic recovery, dynamic polygonization and increased sizes of carbide and carbonitride particles (M23C6 and MX type).
Influence of scandium on luminescence YSAG:Yb3+
Authors: Revenko D M , Chapura O M , Bondarenko E A , Mikhnev L V , Gazdinsky D L , Mizina V V , Ovsyannikov V V , Mitrofanov D V , Zakharov A A
Published: August 2021

In this work, the effects of scandium introduction on the luminescence of yttrium scandium (Sc) aluminium garnet powders doped with ytterbium (YSAG: Yb3+) were investigated. Based on photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra we made conclusions about the influence of scandium concentration and location on emission properties of ytterbium ions in YSAG. On the one hand, an analysis of the data showed that the increase of Sc concentration leads to broadening spectral lines regardless of a location of scandium ions in the crystal structure. On the other hand, the photoluminescence intensity of ytterbium ions in YSAG is more sensitive to scandium in the octahedral site than to scandium in the dodecahedral site.
Formation Features of Polymetallic Products Obtained by Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Using Gradient Filament Feeding into the Molten Pool
Authors: Panfilov A O , Gusarova A V , Knyazhev E O , Chumaevskii A V , Zykova A P , Gurianov D A , Kalashnikova T A , Sokolov P S
Published: August 2021

Samples of functional-gradient materials of the “copper-aluminum” system on a stainless steel substrate were obtained by the method of additive electron beam technology with wire filament. The heterogeneity of the materials structure in different areas of the structural gradient was studied by the method of optical microscopy. Functionally-gradient materials of various compositions with the presence of a smooth and sharp gradient of the structure from copper to copper-aluminum alloy have been investigated. The results indicate the presence of heterogeneities in the composition and structural defects in material.
Application of TiO2 additive to concrete for pyrene degradation. Compressive strength of photocatalytic concrete
Authors: Sokolnikova S R , Tatarinov D A , Myslitskaya N A , Puzatova A V
Published: August 2021

In this work, samples of fine-grained concrete were made with the addition of TiO2 powder in a range of 1-3 wt% relative to the cement. The photocatalytic properties of photocatalytic concrete for the degradation of pyrene in solutions of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate under UV irradiation were investigated. To evaluate the efficiency of photodegradation, the method of luminescence analysis was used. It was found that the degree of degradation of pyrene in solutions using photocatalytic concrete reaches 25% after 120 minutes under UV irradiation. The compressive strength of the manufactured samples was also studied. A decrease in strength of no more than 24% was registered. To prevent the negative effect of the TiO2 additive, a plasticizer was used. In this case, the compressive strength increased from 19 to 31% relative to the samples without plasticizer.
Laminated Ti3SiC2/Zr based composites obtained by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Sedanova E P , Murashkina T L , Krotkevich D G , Mingazova Y R , Lider A M , Travitzky N
Published: August 2021

This paper is devoted to the fabrication of laminated Ti3SiC2/Zr based composites from Ti3SiC2 filled preceramic paper and Zr powder. The composites represented a “layers-by-layer” structure and were sintered by spark plasma at 1400 °C and 50 MPa for 10-30 min. The densification behavior during the sintering, microstructure of obtained composites and influence of the holding time on the phase composition were studied.
An online weighted sequential extreme learning machine for class imbalanced data streams
Authors: Li-wen Wang , Wei Guo , Yi-cheng Yan
Published: August 2021

When general online classification algorithms deal with imbalanced data streams, there are always some problems, such as over fitting phenomenon caused by insufficient simple learning and instability of training model. In this paper, we introduce online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM) as the basic theory model, and combine with the cost-sensitive strategy, then propose a cost-sensitive learning based online sequential extreme learning machine algorithm (C-OSELM). Firstly, in order to solve the problem that minority classes are easily misclassified due to class imbalance, use cost-sensitive strategy, by assigning different penalty parameters to various samples, a weighting matrix is constructed to improve the misclassification cost, thereby effectively alleviating the excessive deviation of decision surface. On this basis, in order to solve the problem that the penalty parameter is too single and the algorithm is not universal, the cost adjustment function is introduced to optimize the weight parameters to select the appropriate weight. Finally, 16 class II imbalanced datasets are used for comparison and verification. The experimental results show that the classification performances of the proposed C-OSELM algorithm are better than other comparative algorithms.
Comparison of classifiers for different data in application of classification
Authors: Gu Huirong , Jiao Jiyuan
Published: August 2021

The classification task is very important in many application fields, such as image recognition, speech recognition, and text classification. Machine learning and deep learning methods are used as the classifiers in their specific classification tasks. Classical machine learning classifiers, including Random Forest, XGBoost, GMM, and SVM, and deep learning classifiers including CNN and LSTM are compared in this paper to show the different computing characteristics in their specific classification tasks. The comparison results show that the CNN-based classifier performs the best in its own classification, especially the image classification. The results illustrate that the complexity of the classification task may heavily influence the performance of the classifiers. The research in this paper has a reference significance for choosing the right classifier in applying the classification task.
Clean Our City: An Automatic Urban Garbage Classification Algorithm Using Computer Vision and Transfer Learning Technologies
Authors: Chen Yuke , Han Wendi , Jin Jizhi , Wang Hao , Xing Qiaochu , Zhang Yiwen
Published: August 2021

To improve the quality of human life in the city, the first thing to solve is the problem of urban garbage. So far, the best way to solve this problem is garbage classification. At present, many algorithms have been put forward one after another. Previous research proposed some computer vision systems to solve the problem of urban garbage classification. In recent years, with the development of computer hardware and large-scale data sets, the algorithm based on depth learning has shown superior performance in the field of image classification. Thus, the features designed by traditional methods are gradually replaced, which far exceed these traditional image classification algorithms in classification accuracy. This study proposes an algorithm based on InceptionV3 networks and test the algorithm on a large-scale garbage classification data-set. The data set was divided into 80% training sets, 10% validation set, and 10% test set and use the transfer learning approach. The model achieved an accuracy of 93.125%, which solved image garbage classification very well. What is more, the algorithm can play an important role in the medical area and help control the mechanical arm.
Support Vector Regression with Gaussian kernel for Housing Prices Prediction
Authors: Miao Dingyang , Tang Hongru , Wang Boshen
Published: August 2021

The housing sector is one of the main sources of economic growth in both developing and developed countries. It is reported that nearly half of people buy or sell houses at an inappropriate price. Based on the public data set of Boston housing prices, this essay analyzed the factors affecting house prices and selected the five most important factors based on the decision tree with the ID3 algorithm. Then, this essay developed the support vector regression (SVR) with Gaussian kernel to predict housing prices. Experimental results showed that our method achieves superior accuracy and effectiveness compared with the SVR with linear kernel, KNN, and decision tree. To verify the applicability of our model, this research applied this model in Beijing housing price data, and it also achieved satisfactory fitting results.
Comparative analysis based on clustering algorithms
Authors: Gu Junfei
Published: August 2021

This article summarizes and evaluates the clustering effects of commonly used clustering algorithms on data sets with different density distributions. In this paper, circled datasets, different sized datasets, and Gaussian mixture datasets were designed as the typical datasets. Then, the K-means, Gaussian mixture clustering, DBSCAN, and Agglomerative clustering were developed to evaluate the clustering performance on these datasets. The results show that the DBSCAN is more stable when the density distributions of the data sets are not clear. Besides, the Agglomerative clustering that calculates the shortest distance can determine the type of data set. Moreover, it is not appropriate to use only a single clustering algorithm to analyze a Gaussian mixture dataset. It is recommended to use multiple clusters to process the dataset after preprocessing.
A Binary Logistic Regression Model to Unprosecuted Cases of Assisting a Cybercrime
Authors: Yadi Wang , Yuxin Bei
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, there are more and more cases of assisting a cybercrime, and the cost of investigation is relatively high. After the suspects were brought back to the case, a large number of such cases were deemed non-prosecution for various reasons, which caused a certain waste of judicial resources. Through the empirical analysis of 100 non-prosecutions and 100 judgments of cases of assisting a cybercrime, this article explores the influencing factors of the review and prosecution results of such cases, and builds a binary logistic regression model to predict them, with a view to provide reference for the public security organs to better handle such cases.
Improved Hunting Search Algorithm for Web Service Composition Optimization
Authors: Wang Q J , Zhang Q L , Li J T , Song X Y , Liu Z Y
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development and application of Web services, the problem of Web service composition optimization based on Quality of Service (QoS) has become a research hotspot in the field of service computing. There are many researches on hunting search algorithm in continuous optimization problems, however, there are few researches using it to solve Web service composition optimization. In this paper, we propose an improvement on the hunting search algorithm (IHuS). It introduces an elite guidance strategy to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm, and at the same time it learns from the mutation strategy in the GA algorithm to improve the diversity of combined services. Compared with the standard HuS and GA algorithms, the experimental results demonstrate that IHuS has faster convergence speed and better optimization performance in solving large-scale Web service composition problems.
Abnormal resting state EEG power spectral in patients with tinnitus on different sides of the ear
Authors: Jia HaiYin , Li ZhaoBo , Wang XinZui
Published: August 2021

Tinnitus is a symptom of sound perception in the absence of external sound stimulation, and most patients have unilateral tinnitus, with more tinnitus on the left than on the right. In this paper, the resting EEG data of 10 patients with binaural tinnitus, 10 patients with left tinnitus and 10 healthy controls were collected, and two 10-s segments of resting EEG data were intercepted from each group for approximately 10 min. The absolute and relative power was calculated by fast Fourier transform. The results showed that more frequency bands were significantly different in the left tinnitus patients compared to the bilateral tinnitus patients and the right tinnitus patients, and where significant differences were demonstrated, the absolute and relative power was higher in the Delta and Theta bands of the tinnitus patients than in the control group. In conclusion, these results compare the resting state EEG power spectrum abnormalities in patients with tinnitus on different sides with healthy controls from an electroencephalographic perspective, and are expected to be used as an evaluation criterion in the future to provide a more refined and precise treatment plan for patients with tinnitus on different sides and to improve the efficiency of treatment.
Regression Analysis of the Impact of Guangdong Province's Tertiary Industry on Export Trade Based on the Diamond Model
Authors: Peng Minjing , Liang Min
Published: August 2021

With the advent of the era of big data, data analysis can objectively explain many events and behaviors with scientific results. China is actively promoting the development of the service industry and opening up to the outside world. Guangdong is the largest foreign trade province. It is of great significance to analyze the impact of the tertiary industry on the export trade by means of data analysis. Based on Michael Porter diamond model, the data of six variables from 2010 to 2019 are selected under the collection of a large number of data, such as the number of employment in the tertiary industry, research and development expenditure. Unit root test and co-integration test are used to analyze.At last, using the method of stepwise regression, the regression equation model of Guangdong Province’s export trade volume under the influence of the tertiary industry is established. Through the model, it is concluded that the research expenditures and development level of the tertiary industry can significantly promote the export trade of goods in Guangdong Province, and then improve the competitiveness of export trade. In addition, this paper also stands on the perspective of the tertiary industry, for the development of commodity export trade in Guangdong Province to put forward relevant suggestions.
Decent living gaps and energy needs around the world
Authors: Kikstra Jarmo S , Mastrucci Alessio , Min Jihoon , Riahi Keywan , Rao Narasimha D
Published: August 2021

In recent years, there has been growing interest in defining what exactly constitutes “decent living standards” (DLS)—the material underpinnings of human well-being. We assess the gaps in providing decent health, shelter, nutrition, socialization, and mobility within countries, across the world. Our results show that more people are deprived of DLS than are income-poor, even when numbers are measured against medium income poverty thresholds. We estimate the cumulative energy needs for building out new infrastructure to support DLS provision for all by 2040 to be about 290 EJ, which amounts to less than three-quarters of current annual global energy demand, at the final energy level. The annual energy requirements to support decent living for the global population after 2040 is estimated to be 156 EJ yr−1. Present average energy demand levels in most countries exceed hypothetical DLS energy needs. Nevertheless, the required rate of increase in energy to provide decent living for all in the coming two decades would be unprecedented for many countries. Greater attention to equity would significantly reduce the need for growth. The per capita energy requirement of different countries to meet the same DLS levels varies by up to a factor of four due to differences in climate, urbanization, diets, and transport infrastructure. Transport energy dominates energy for decent living worldwide, while housing requirements dominate upfront energy investment needs. This study supports the claim that the increase in energy provision poverty eradication does not, in itself, pose a threat to mitigating climate change at a global scale. Distinguishing energy for affluence from energy for decent living could provide a basis for defining equitable access to sustainable development in energy terms.
Arctic amplification of climate change: a review of underlying mechanisms
Authors: Previdi Michael , Smith Karen L , Polvani Lorenzo M
Published: August 2021

Arctic amplification (AA)—referring to the enhancement of near-surface air temperature change over the Arctic relative to lower latitudes—is a prominent feature of climate change with important impacts on human and natural systems. In this review, we synthesize current understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms that can give rise to AA. These mechanisms include both local feedbacks and changes in poleward energy transport. Temperature and sea ice-related feedbacks are especially important for AA, since they are significantly more positive over the Arctic than at lower latitudes. Changes in energy transport by the atmosphere and ocean can also contribute to AA. These energy transport changes are tightly coupled with local feedbacks, and thus their respective contributions to AA should not be considered in isolation. It is here emphasized that the feedbacks and energy transport changes that give rise to AA are sensitively dependent on the state of the climate system itself. This implies that changes in the climate state will lead to changes in the strength of AA, with implications for past and future climate change.
A Great Food for Children Base on Rinuak Shredded Fish (Psilopsis Sp)
Authors: Yuliana  , Rosalina Linda , Illahi Manvi Kurnia , Pramudia Heru
Published: August 2021

Rinuak fish is an endemic fish in Lake Maninjau, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. Fresh fish quickly undergoes a process of decay due to changes due to the activity of certain enzymes. The nutritional status of children under five is closely related to food intake. Therefore, to extend the shelf life of rinuak fish, it is necessary to develop rinuak fish into shredded fish. The purpose of this study was to standardize formulas or recipes, to identify the quality, nutritional content, and preference levels of children under five to shredded rinuak. The formula standardization stage was carried out by eight expert validators in the fields of culinary, food, and nutrition. The results found are standard formulas or recipes, which were carried out through a validation process twice with three trials. The results of the quality of shredded rinuak obtained an average score on the color quality which was categorized as good enough, the shape quality was categorized as good enough, the aroma quality was categorized as very good, the texture quality was categorized as good, and the taste quality was categorized as good. The results showed that water content was 8.65%, fat 50.13%, protein 27.53%, carbohydrate 7.62%, ash content 6.57%, and Fe 33.5625 mg/kg. The results of the hedonic test data (preferences) of toddlers for shredded shows that children under five mostly like it
New insights into nonlinear optical effects in fullerene solutions—a detailed analysis of self-diffraction of continuous wave laser radiation
Authors: Dengler Stefanie , Azarian Adrian , Eberle Bernd
Published: August 2021

Spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM), i.e. the formation, temporal evolution and subsequent distortion of self-diffraction ring patterns, generated by transmitting a continuous wave 532 nm laser beam through solutions containing C60 or C70 has been investigated. The nonlinear optical response regarding SSPM of such systems was studied, to our knowledge for the first time, in dependence of various solvents, different sample temperatures and viscosities. The SSPM patterns consisted of a number of concentric rings, generated due to induced refractive index changes and start with a central spot, expanding into a series of concentric rings. The number of rings increases steadily and the ring pattern becomes larger with time until a maximum is reached. Thereafter, thermal convection leads to a distortion of the upper part of the ring system, while the lower part keeps its shape. The dependence of temporal and spatial evolution of self-diffraction ring pattern on different sample parameters and not only the functional material itself, leading to our conclusion that thermal effects are responsible for the observed SSPM. For further substantiation, measurements of C60 in toluene at a wavelength of 1070 nm have been carried out. At this wavelength no absorption occurs and no SSPM patterns were observed. Knowing that for ultashort pulses no significant thermal effects take place, we performed additional measurements at a pulse length of 8 ps and a wavelength of 527 nm. Also in this case no SSPM patterns were generated. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the involved physical processes, we developed a thermal blooming simulation: Thermally-induced refractive index changes and convection caused by locally heating of the solution by the laser beam were taken into account, any other nonlinear phenomena were left aside. A laser beam propagating through an absorbing solution generates similar ring structures under these conditions, what is in fully agreement with our experimental results. Additionally, as a practical application of SSPM a laser protection device is presented.
United States federal contracting and pollution prevention: how award type and facility characteristics affect adoption of source reduction techniques in four manufacturing sectors
Authors: Hill Dustin T , Petroni Michael , Collins Mary B
Published: August 2021

There is reason to believe that hazardous emissions generated by industrial actors that have been awarded government contracts have different pollution prevention action patterns compared to those that have not been awarded government contracts. This is important because pollution prevention actions are a key inroad to alleviating environmental contamination generally and related human health effects. Specifically, we find that US-based industrial polluters tend to respond to Federal incentives to reduce costs by making efficiency improvements. Using publicly available purchasing, toxics release, and pollution prevention data from 2001 to 2012 for 458 081 transactions and 9910 facilities, we investigate the impact of contract award structure on facility environmental performance. We fit regression models to understand more about how the number of reported voluntary pollution prevention actions and reductions in total toxic chemical waste managed at each facility in terms of three types of contract awards. We find that industrial actors that have been awarded incentive contracts not only report more pollution prevention actions, but that these actions are more likely to result in significant pollution reduction. Results inform US Federal purchasing policy decisions and support earlier theoretical development at the intersection of ecological modernization, super-industrialization, and the role of government in facilitating transitions to green technology. In addition, greener purchasing decisions can have a broad impact on human health by reducing pollution in communities.
HoPhage: anab initiotool for identifying hosts of phage fragments from metaviromes
Authors: Tan Jie , Fang Zhencheng , Wu Shufang , Guo Qian , Jiang Xiaoqing , Zhu Huaiqiu
Published: August 2021

We present HoPhage (Host of Phage) to identify the host of a given phage fragment from metavirome data at the genus level. HoPhage integrates two modules using a deep learning algorithm and a Markov chain model, respectively. HoPhage achieves 47.90% and 82.47% mean accuracy at the genus and phylum levels for ∼1-kb long artificial phage fragments when predicting host among 50 genera, representing 7.54–20.22% and 13.55–24.31% improvement, respectively. By testing on three real virome samples, HoPhage yields 81.11% mean accuracy at the genus level within a much broader candidate host range.

Availability and implementation

HoPhage is available at http://cqb.pku.edu.cn/ZhuLab/HoPhage/data/

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.