bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wildly perturbed manifolds: norm resolvent and spectral convergence
Authors: Anné Colette , Post Olaf
Published: March 2021

The publication of the important work of Rauch and Taylor [J. Funct. Anal. 18 (1975)] started a hole branch of research on wild perturbations of the Laplace–Beltrami operator. Here, we extend certain results and show
norm
convergence of the resolvent. We consider a (not necessarily compact) manifold with many small balls removed, the number of balls can increase as the radius is shrinking, the number of balls can also be infinite. If the distance of the balls shrinks less fast than the radius, then we show that the Neumann Laplacian converges to the unperturbed Laplacian, i.e., the obstacles vanish. In the Dirichlet case, we consider two cases here: if the balls are too sparse, the limit operator is again the unperturbed one, while if the balls concentrate at a certain region (they become “solid” there), the limit operator is the Dirichlet Laplacian on the complement of the solid region. Norm resolvent convergence in the limit case of homogenisation is treated by Khrabustovskyi and the second author in another article (see also the references therein). Our work is based on a norm convergence result for operators acting in varying Hilbert spaces described in a book from 2012 by the second author.
О построении индикаторов устойчивости неотрицательных матриц
Authors: Razzhevaikin Valery Nickolaevich , Tyrtyshnikov Eugene Evgen'evich
Published: March 2021

Для квадратной неотрицательной матрицы $A$ предложен
простой алгоритм построения индикатора устойчивости,
характеризующего локализацию ее спектра
в пределах единичного круга. Доказаны теоремы,
устанавливающие возможность использования
в качестве подходящего индикатора максимума от $1-\det(I-J)$
по всем возможным главным подматрицам $J$ матрицы $A$,
а также условия, при которых такой максимум можно вычислять
лишь по некоторой цепочке ведущих главных подматриц.
Указаны прикладные задачи,
вызывающие необходимость таких построений,
и соотношение полученных результатов со сходными,
установленными для ряда матриц специального вида.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Access to Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Maasai in Tanzania
Authors: Jacob Boniphace , Kazaura Method
Published: March 2021

Safe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) are among key components to prevent and control waterborne diseases such as cholera, schistosomiasis, and other gastrointestinal morbidities in the community. In 2018, there was cholera outbreak in Ngorongoro district that was fueled by inadequate and unsafe water as well as poor sanitation and hygiene. We used an analytical cross-sectional study first to determine the proportion of households with access to WaSH and second to assess factors associated with coverage of household’s access to WaSH. Methods included interviewing heads of the household to assess the availability of safe drinking water, use of unshared toilet/latrine by household members only, and the availability of functional handwashing facility. Eight percent of households had access to WaSH. Access to household’s WaSH was positively associated with household’s monthly income, education of heads of the household, and water use per person per week. To control water-related morbidities, there is a need to improve access to reliable safe drinking water, expand alternatives of households to earn more incomes, and enhance proper sanitation and hygiene services to rural areas and marginalized groups like the Maasai of Ngorongoro in Tanzania.
A Decline and Age Shift in Malaria Incidence in Rural Mali following Implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention and Indoor Residual Spraying
Authors: Coulibaly Drissa , Guindo Boureima , Niangaly Amadou , Maiga Fayçal , Konate Salimata , Kodio Aly , Diallo Astou , Antar Abdou Tahirou Mohamed , Kone Abdoulaye K. , Traore Karim , Travassos Mark A. , Sagara Issaka , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Thera Mahamadou A.
Published: March 2021

Many African countries have reported declines in malaria incidence, attributed to the implementation of control strategies. In Mali, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) was introduced in 2004, and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been partially distributed free of charge since 2007. In the Malian town of Bandiagara, a study conducted from 2009 to 2013 showed a stable incidence of malaria compared with 1999, despite the implementation of ACTs and LLINs. Since 2016, seasonal malaria chemoprevention has been scaled up across the country. In addition to these strategies, the population of Bandiagara benefited from indoor residual spray implementation in 2017 and 2018 and continued universal bed net coverage. This study aimed to measure the incidence of malaria in Bandiagara, given this recent scaling up of control strategies. A cohort of 300 children aged 6 months to 15 years was followed up from October 2017 to December 2018. We performed monthly cross-sectional surveys to measure anemia and the prevalence of malaria infection by microscopy. The overall incidence of symptomatic malaria was 0.5 episodes/person-year. Malaria incidence in children up to 5 years old significantly declined since 2012 and since 1999 (incidence rate ratio estimates: 6.7 [95% CI: 4.2–11.4] and 13.5 [95% CI: 8.4–22.7]), respectively. The average prevalence of malaria parasitemia was 6.7%. Malaria incidence was higher in children older than 5 years than in those younger than 5 years, highlighting the need to extend malaria control efforts to these older children.
La gestion de crise au Cameroun: les catastrophes de Nyos et Nsam
Authors: MOLO ZOGO RENÉ LIONEL BRICE
Published: March 2021

La catastrophe du lac Nyos reste, à ce jour, la plus importante crise issue d’un phénomène naturel au Cameroun. Quelques années plus tard, ce pays a été frappé par une catastrophe d’origine humaine connue sous le nom de catastrophe de Nsam. Ces deux événements tragiques ont contribué à améliorer les mécanismes de gestion des risques et situations de crise. Bien que ces catastrophes fussent différentes, leur gestion fut confrontée aux mêmes difficultés à cause de plusieurs contraintes structurelles et organisationnelles qui tendent à perpétuer la vulnérabilité des populations de Nyos et de Nsam et maintenir ces risques permanents.
From Qualitative Data to Instrument Development: The Women's Breast Conflict Scale
Authors: Thomas Eileen
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to describe the initial development of the Women's Breast Conflict Scale, a predictive instrument designed to identify women who may be least likely to follow recommended mammography screening guidelines. This new instrument incorporates self/body image, teasing, family norms and values, and societal/media influence - themes identified from three qualitative studies and five years of qualitative data collection. The themes aided in the development of a conceptual model (Breast Conflict), which provided the framework for this instrument. A description of the traditional steps involved in instrument development is provided to aid qualitative researchers in the development of meaningful instruments that incorporate the human experience as perceived by the people for whom the instrument is designed.
Visualizing the Intersection of the Personal and the Social Context - The Use of Multi-layered Chronological Charts in Biographical Studies
Authors: Hiller Patrick
Published: March 2021

This paper outlines the theoretical reasoning and technical implementation of a particular approach to creating multi-layered chronological charts in qualitative biographical studies. The discussed method elucidates the interpretation of traditional life chronologies where the individual's "objective" life facts are reconstructed free from analysis. The novelty of multi-layered chronological charts lies in their ability to enrich the visualization of a temporal connection between personal and social contextual factors based on categories determined by the researcher. In doing so, such charts make existing interview data more accessible and processable. In-depth, thematic data analysis can be supported through the visualization of prominent life aspects or the presentation of integrative perspectives of individuals' lives. Case examples are presented to demonstrate how methodological and theoretical objectives are fulfilled through the customized use of genealogy software. Based on the underlying research problem, multi-layered biographical charts can be customized for different research purposes and connected to an array of complex linkage systems.
Who wants to be a Physical Education Teacher? A Case Study of a Non-Traditional Undergraduate Student in a Physical Education Teacher Education Program
Authors: Ronspies Scott
Published: March 2021

Forty percent of undergraduate students are non-traditional students. The purpose of this study was to identify what attracted the participant to physical education, identify what situational/social factors facilitated the career choice, and the beliefs of the participant about what it meant to be a physical educator. The study consisted of one male non-traditional student. Artifacts, observation, and interview methods were employed to gain an understanding of why the participant wanted to become a physical educator and what were the beliefs of the participant about physical education teaching or teachers. Findings indicated the participant was attracted to physical education by his love for physical activity, sport, and the chance to work with youth. His socialization into physical education was influenced by situational and social factors, such as positive experiences with a teacher/coach, positive support of family and friends, and his strong beliefs/values for physical education/teaching.
Формы занятий публичной дипломатией со школьниками в РФ
Authors: Мычко Е.И. , Денисова Н.Ю.
Published: March 2021

В последнее двадцатилетие как следствие процесса глобализации и развития информа-ционно-коммуникационных технологий значительно возросли возможности подростков об-щаться, участвовать в культурных и образовательных обменах, оказывать влияние на социум. В качестве ответа на вызовы времени ряд российских школ предпринял попытку обобщить опыт, накопленный в области педагогики и публичной дипломатии, создав профильные классы, объединения и кружки публичной дипломатии в качестве площадок ранней профессиональной ориентации либо развития метапредметных компетенций школьников
Steam-подход в обучении иностранному языку: инновационный опыт
Authors: Бударина А.О. , Дегтяренко К.А. , Парахина О.В.
Published: March 2021

Рассматриваются преимущества использования STEAM-подхода в обучении иностран-ному языку с точки зрения его потенциала в развитии у обучающихся метапредметных навыков, критического мышления, творческих способностей, навыков сотрудничества при реализации командной работы в междисциплинарных средах. Описываются способы реализации STEAM-подхода в обучении иностранному языку, включая применение метода феномено-ориентированного обучения при решении проблемно-исследовательских задач, обязательное овладение научной иноязычной терминологией, включая терминологию STEAM-областей, внедрение элементов проектной деятельности в комплексы упражнений на развитие определенных навыков иноязычной речи
ASSESSMENT OF COMBINED EFFECT OF HUMAN FECES COMPOST AND SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF WHEAT PRODUCTION
Authors: JAMAL A. , FAWAD M.
Published: March 2021

Application of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility has become a major factor that has enabled the world to feed billions of people. However, the required quantities of organic material are enormous, so it becomes necessary to combine different types of fertilizers to feed plants. The effectiveness of human feces compost (HC) alone, as well as in combination with single super phosphate (SSP), was evaluated in the present study. A field experiment was conducted at farmer field located in district Swabi (Pakistan). A total of eight possible treatments combination were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated four times. Two levels of human feces compost (HC), including control (HC0: control and HC1: 7.5 t ha-1) and four levels of P, as single superphosphate (SSP), including control (P0: control, P1:40 kg ha-1, P2: 60 kg ha-1 and P3: 90 kg ha-1) were utilized in the experiment. Results revealed that among all the treatments, combined application of SSP at 60 kg ha-1 along with 7.5t ha-1 HC significantly improved the growth, as well as the yield parameters of wheat crop. These results allow saving a half of usually made mineral fertilizer dose for the cultivation of wheat crop. Combined use of HC and SSP were strongly recommended for obtaining maximum wheat yield in the prevailing soil and environmental conditions.
INTEGRATED DISEASES MANAGEMENT (IDM) MODULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COTTON DISEASES IN NATURAL CONDITION UNDER SOUTH GUJARAT REGION OF INDIA
Authors: SANDIPAN Prashant B. , PATEL R.K. , FALDU G.O. , PATEL D.M.
Published: March 2021

Cotton is a vital commercial crop in the world and plays an important role for fibre, fuel and edible oil in the community and to industry. Cotton is a white fibrous agricultural product that has a wide variety of uses, from textile production, to creating paper, to producing oil and food products. Cotton is grown all around the globe, and is traded internationally as well. The cotton diseases scenario has shown a continuous change during the past 64 years. Several diseases have been reported for the cotton crop. The use of IDM strategy is gaining momentum now a days, but in developing countries it often lacks the enabling environment for its successful implemen-tation. Cotton crop is affected by various diseases caused by organisms, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses that grow on and within the plant tissues. In this experiment, total seven modules including the control was tested in this experiment from which, module 6 (6.50% PDI), followed by module 5 (8.50% PDI) significantly recorded minimum bacterial leaf blight infection in comparison to the module 7, i.e. control (18.50% PDI) in RCH 2 BG II hybrid. For Alternaria leaf spot disease, module 6 (2.50 % PDI) were recorded significantly minimum Alternaria leaf spot disease in RCH 2 BG II hybrid, as compared to the control (10.50 % PDI), followed by module 5 (4.50 % PDI) and module 4 (5.50 % PDI).
SALINITY STRESS TOLERANCE OF THREE COWPEA CULTIVARS IN A SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: KAREEM I. , MUSA A.I.
Published: March 2021

To combat the problem of food scarcity and insecurity in areas affected by salinity, crop varieties that are tolerant to the stressful conditions should be selected and used. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate and know the effects of salinity stress on growth and yield of three cowpea cultivars to select the best salinity tolerant cultivar for optimum yield production. To achieve this, three separate experiments were concurrently carried out using ITIOK-298-15, IFE BROWN and SAMPEA 11 cowpea cultivars in the glass house of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The salinity levels tested in each of the cultivars were 0mM (the control), 50mM, 100mM and 200mM sodium chloride (NaCl). The imposition of salinity stress was for a period of two weeks at maturity because this stage is the most sensitive stage for any crop grown under any environmental stress. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Data collection was centred on root length, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass, final yield, chlorophyll content of leaves, crude protein and crude fat contents. From this work, it was found that 200mM NaCl decreased the final yield by 51% in ITIOK-298-15, 73% in IFE BROWN and 100% in SAMPEA-11 compared to the control. Furthermore, 100mM NaCl reduced crude protein contents of the leaves by 6% in ITIOK-298-15, 10% in IFE BROWN and 17% in SAMPEA-11 compared to the control. From the above results, it was found that ITIOK-298-15 was the most tolerant cultivar while SAMPEA-11 was the most susceptible cultivar to salinity stress. It is, therefore, recommended (subject to further confirmation) that ITIOK-298-15 cultivar, which is the most promising cultivar of the three cultivars experimented, be used in cowpea production in saline environments of the Southern Guinea savannah ecological areas of Nigeria.
INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING AS AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR EARLY DETECTION INFESTATION OF STORED PRODUCT INSECTS IN CERTAIN STORED GRAINS
Authors: IBRAHIM A. I. , YOUSRY M. A. , SAAD M. I. , MAHMOUD M. F. , SAID Maysa , AMEEN A.
Published: March 2021

Grains of field crops, such as wheat, maize, faba bean and white bean, are considered strategic food for humanity worldwide and Egypt. Unfortunately, percent losses of grains quantity may reach to 15-30%, as a result of stored product insect damage, and the losses increased dramatically in the last years, as an outcome of quickly productions of these pests. Experiments were conducted on infrared thermal imaging that demonstrate early detection of infestation by stored product insects in wheat, maize, broad bean, white bean and bean grains. The imaging is dependent on subtle significant differences in temperature between infested and healthy grains. Because the thermal imaging data are digital, computer programs can be used to analysis differences in temperature and mining figures explained for that. Results revealed that the use of thermal imaging offers an alternative method to detect an insect infestation. Data concluded that thermal imaging has the potential to identify whether the grains of crops that tested are infested or not, but is less effective in identifying which developmental stage is present. Moreover, it could apply this technique easily on a large scale in silos, storage, mills and granaries without negative impact on quality of stored grains.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BORON APPLICATION ON COTTON YIELD COMPONENTS AND FIBER QUALITY PROPERTIES
Authors: KARADEMIR Emine , KARADEMIR C.
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different boron application methods on cotton yield, plant growth and fiber technological properties. The study was conducted at Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops experimental area as randomized complete block design with four replications in 2018. Stoneville 468 cotton variety and boron liquid foliar fertilizer were used as material. Seven different boron applications were performed as (Control, 1000 cc ha-1 at pre-flowering stage, 2000 cc ha-1 at pre-flowering stage, 1000 cc ha-1 at flowering stage, 2000 cc ha-1 at flowering stage and 1000 cc ha-1 at boll formation stage, 2000 cc ha-1 at boll formation stage). The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between applications methods in terms of plant height and number of monopodial branches. But there were non-significant differences in terms of number of sympodial branches, number of first node of sympodial branch, number of nodes, height/node ratio, number of bolls, boll weight, seed cotton weight of per boll, number of seeds per boll, first picking percentage, 100 seeds weight, ginning percentage, seed cotton yield and fiber technological characteristics. In conclusion different application methods of boron increased plant height and number of monopodial branches of cotton when applied as 1000 and 2000 cc ha-1 at pre-flowering stages.
DURATION AND CONCENTRATION OF
1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE TREATMENT:
IMPACT ON RIPENING AND SHELF LIFE OF PARTIALLY RIPENED BANANAS
Authors: MORADINEZHAD F.
Published: March 2021

In order to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of bananas after gassing with ethylene at commercial treatment during transportation and storage the simultaneous application of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene were examined. Fruit were treated with 100 µL L-1 of ethylene for two consecutive days as a control, followed by 20 min ventilation each day, or simultaneously exposed to 1-MCP at different concentrations (30, 100 or 300 nL L-1 on the first day or second day, or treated with 1-MCP alone on the third day at 22ºC. Fruit from each treatment were used to evaluate external and internal quality parameters and shelf life. The results showed that shelf life increased significantly, compared to the control when 1-MCP was applied coincidently with ethylene in the second day and reapplied alone in the third day. The highest increase in shelf life (125%) was obtained when 1-MCP was applied on the second day at 30 nL L-1 simultaneously with ethylene and at 300 nL L-1 alone on the third day, compared to the control in both harvest months. We conclude that simultaneous application of 1-MCP is more effective than the more common method of extending banana shelf life through application of 1-MCP after ethylene treatment.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth, Flowering, Fruiting and Nodulation of Three Varieties of Common Bean in the Arid Region of Aïn Naga (Biskra, Algeria)
Authors: Mansouri Lahouaria Mounia , Kheloufi Abdenour , Belatreche R , Heleili Nouzha , Boukhatem Zineb Faiza
Published: March 2021

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to nitrogen fertilizer. The main factor included the fertilizer (Granular Urea 46% N), was made up of two levels: no fertilization (0 kg/plot: control) and fertilization (0.4 kg/plot), while the secondary factor was the variety (three varieties of common bean: Djedida, Nelson and Jalila). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and replicated four times. The effect of fertilization was evaluated during two development stages (flowering and fruiting) for each variety and this on the total dry biomass, the length of the aerial and root parts, as well as on the number of secondary roots. On the other hand, the combined effect of fertilization and variety was studied on some yield parameters per plant, such as the number of flowers, pods, seeds and the harvest index. In addition, the number of nodules at the end of seed maturation was evaluated. The results indicated that the nitrogen fertilizer application significantly reduced the root length, the number of nodules and secondary roots in most of the common bean varieties. However, fertilizer application significantly increased dry matter in both flowering and fruiting stages, for the three studied varieties. Pod number per plant and seed yield was increased by the application of N fertilizer, depending on varieties and the parameters being measured. Djedida and Jalila varieties gave the best yield and can therefore be recommended to farmers. According to our results, the percentage of improvement by N fertilization on one parameter or another does not exceed an average of 20%, compared to the control. Indeed, the effect of fertilization is positive and seems to increase the harvest index by 18% in Djedida and by 20% in Jalila, compared to non-fertilized plants. Unfertilized plants of the variety Nelson showed the highest ability to nodulate.
EFFECT OF FARMER-HERDSMEN CONFLICT ON POVERTY STATUS OF FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ADEBISI L. O. , ADEBISI O. A. , OPAKUNLE A. A. , ASOGWA U. G. , FARAYOLA C. O. , DAODU T. O.
Published: March 2021

This study examines the effect of farmer-herdsmen conflict on poverty status of crop farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Primary data was used for the study and a three stage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of the respondents. A structured questionnaire was used for the purpose of extracting needed information from 110 crop farming households selected for the study. The data collected were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) Index, and Tobit regression model. The result of prevalence of poverty among the farming households, who experienced conflict and those who didn’t in the study area, was 19.23% and 10.34%, while the intensity of poverty was 1.38 and 0.99%, respectively. The severity of poverty, which measures the extent of poverty, shows poverty was more severe among the poor who experienced conflict with a poverty index of 0.0002 than the poor who didn’t experienced conflict, who had index of 0.0001. The Tobit regression model, which measured the effects of farmer-herdsmen conflict on poverty status of the farming household, indicates that the likelihood of being poor were more with large farming households, non-educated farming household heads, small farm size, low farm income households, low off-farm income and occurrence of conflict. The study therefore recommends that governments should designate some areas for the herdsmen as grazing field and also establish grazing reserves and communities in all the states, so as to reduce farmers-herdsmen conflict.
THE EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON DIFFERENT PLANT PROCESSES – A REVIEW
Authors: AHMADI SHADMEHRI A. , KHATIBY A.
Published: March 2021

Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known signaling molecule that plays an important role in resistance against pathogens, as well as adaptation to some abiotic stress factors, such as drought, heavy metal toxicity, chilling, heat and osmotic stress and can be a factor effective treatment for plants. The impact of SA on different plant processes under optimal environmental conditions is controversial. Also, SA as a plant growth regulator may have a positive effect on the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes of different plant species, such as seed germination, seed production, respiration, vegetative growth, flower formation and photosynthesis. In addition, SA as a regulator of cell growth, could contribute to maintaining cellular redox homeostasis by induction of the alternative respiratory pathway and the regulation of antioxidant enzymes activity and to regulating gene expression by inducing a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. However, SA may act as a stressor, and may have a negative impact on different plant processes. Recent results indicate that the exogenous application of SA to plants have affect several on many physiological processes, such as control of ion absorption, stomatal closure and transport, reducing of stress and stimulation of growth and differentiation of plants, and also the controlled levels of SA in plants are important for improving performance and adaptation to environmental stimuli and emphasize its important role in plant health and protection. The present study investigated the effect of SA on different plant processes.
YOUTHS’ INVOLVEMENT IN OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) FRUIT PROCESSING ACTIVITIES
Authors: AYINDE Julius Olatunde , FAMAKINWA Michael , AKEREDOLU Babatunde Opeyemi
Published: March 2021

This study assessed the youths’ involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities in Ondo State, Nigeria. It described the socio-economic characteristics of youths involved in oil palm fruit processing activities, determined their level of involvement, examined their perception and identified constraints associated with their involvement. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents from the study area. Interview schedule was employed to collect relevant data, which was analysed with SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to draw inference on hypothesis. The results show that majority (63.3%) were male, 95.8% had formal education with a mean age of 27.2 ± 2.7 years. Picking of fresh fruit bunches ( = 2.71), packaging ( = 2.60) and gathering of bunches ( = 2.50) were the major activities youth involved in. Higher percentage (57.9%) of the youth had favourable perception towards involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities. Lack of modern processing facilities ( =3.65) and funds/inadequate credit facilities ( = 3.65) were the prime constraints to their involvement. Number of labour (r = 0.7460; p≤0.01) and income (r = 0.601; p≤0.01) of the respondents were significantly related to youth involvement. The study concluded that youth had moderate involvement in oil palm processing activities. However, agricultural development stakeholders like government should provide adequate and functional credits facilities to these youths to encourage their involvement.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CONTRACT FARMING AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF BROILER FARMERS
Authors: ADEBISI Luke , ADEBISI Oluwaremilekun , OWOLABI Marvellous , HENSHAW Edet , ASIYANBI Olaide
Published: March 2021

The study assessed the effect of contract farming on broiler production in Osun State, Nigeria. 120 farmers comprising of broiler farmers participating and not participating in contract farming were selected using multistage sampling technique. Information was elicited from the farmers with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Stochastic Production Frontier and Ordinary least square regression model. The findings of this study revealed that majority (75%) of the farmers rated the activities of contracting farming to be good and favorable, as the contract farmers earn more from broiler production than their counterparts. Average technical efficiency of the contract and non contract farmers were 0.8209 and 0.6803, respectively. The results also revealed that years of experience in broiler production, education of farmer, off-farm income, membership in farmers association, access to credit, access to veterinary services and participation in contract farming significantly affected technical efficiency of broiler farmers in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends that there should be increase in the awareness of the benefits associated with contract farming in agrarian communities, so that more farmers are encouraged to participate, as this will improve their production efficiency.
Physiological Response of Ash Trees, Fraxinus spp., Infested with Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), to Emamectin Benzoate (Tree-Äge) Stem Injections
Authors: Hanavan Ryan , Heuss Molly
Published: March 2021

Street- and park-planted ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees infested with emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) ranging in size from 30 to 55 cm (11.8 to 21.7 in) dbh and 10 to 20 m (32.8 to 65.6 feet) in height were measured over two sites. The first group was treated with an emamectin benzoate stem injection at 10 ml/2.54 cm dbh (0.4 g ai) in June 2014, and the second group was left as an untreated control. Chlorophyll concentration and fluorescence was measured to assess plant fitness and vitality over three summers. Trees treated with emamectin benzoate showed improvements in chlorophyll concentration and plant fitness and vitality over the course of the study with peak improvement occurring in the second year. The untreated control trees showed continued signs of decline in each year of the study. This work demonstrates the utility of chlorophyll fluorescence for detecting plant stress related to forest health threats and could potentially inform managers on both short-term and long-term management options.
A Survey of Key Arthropod Pests on Common Southeastern Street Trees
Authors: Frank Steven
Published: March 2021

Cities contain dozens of street tree species each with multiple arthropod pests. Developing and implementing integrated pest management (IPM) tactics, such as scouting protocols and thresholds, for all of them is untenable. A survey of university research and extension personnel and tree care professionals was conducted as a first step in identifying key pests of common street tree genera in the Southern United States. The survey allowed respondents to rate seven pest groups from 0 (not pests) to 3 (very important or damaging) for each of ten tree genera. The categories were sucking insects on bark, sucking insects on leaves, defoliators and leafminers, leaf and stem gall forming arthropods, trunk and twig borers and bark beetles, and mites. Respondents could also identify important pest species within categories. Some tree genera, like Quercus and Acer, have many important pests in multiple categories. Other genera like Liriodendron, Platanus, and Lagerstroemia have only one or two key pests. Bark sucking insects were the highest ranked pests of Acer spp. Defoliators, primarily caterpillars, were ranked highest on Quercus spp. followed closely by leaf and stem gallers, leaf suckers, and bark suckers. All pest groups were rated below ‘1’ on Zelkova spp. Identifying key pests on key tree genera could help researchers prioritize IPM development and help tree care professionals prioritize their training and IPM implementation. Recommendations for future surveys include having more respondents and tree taxa represented and identifying trees to species within large genera, such as Acer and Quercus.
Species Variation in Root Tolerance of Soil Compaction and Poor Drainage
Authors: Hewitt Angela , Balestri Frank , Lo Marvin , Watson Gary
Published: March 2021

Loam-over-compacted-clay and loam soil profiles were created in 10 cm × 10 cm × 25 cm containers. Containers were placed in trays of water to simulate poor subsoil drainage in the landscape. Four urban tolerant species,Acer negundo, Catalpa speciosa, Gleditsia triacanthos, Ulmus americana, and two less tolerant species,Quercus rubraandAcer saccharum, were direct seeded in the containers. Soil volumetric water content and oxygen diffusion rate were monitored. At the conclusion of the study, length of fine roots (< 2 mm diameter) was measured throughout the soil profile. Oxygen decreased and moisture increased with soil depth. Fine root density of all species decreased with depth exceptUlmus Americana. Catalpa speciosawas the only species showing a difference in root growth between soil types throughout the profile and had up to seven times the root density of other species at the surface and up to four times at the bottom. Root growth of most species seemed to be reduced more by high soil moisture and reduced aeration than soil texture and compaction.
Stability Recovery in London Plane Trees Eight Years After Primary Anchorage Failure
Authors: Detter Andreas , van Wassenaer Philip J. E. , Rust Steffen
Published: March 2021

As the intensity and frequency of strong storms increase, the potential for damage to urban trees also increases. So far, the risk of ultimate failure for partially uprooted trees and how they may recover their stability is not well understood. This study sets out to explore if and to what extent trees can regain anchoring strength after their root systems have been overloaded. In 2010, ten London Plane (Platanus×acerifolia) trees were subjected to destructive winching tests. Two trees were pulled to the ground while eight were loaded until primary anchorage failure occurred and were left standing with inclined stems. In 2013, two trees had failed and six were re-tested non-destructively. By 2018, another tree had failed, and we tested the remaining five again. Rotational stiffness was derived for all trials and served as a nondestructive proxy for anchoring strength (R2= 0.91). After eight years, one tree had regained its original strength, while four had reached between 71 and 82% of their initial rotational stiffness. However, three trees failed during the observation period. The results indicate that partially uprooted trees may re-establish stability over time, but some will not and may fail. In our small data set, it was not possible to identify visual criteria that could provide a reliable indication of tree stability recovery, but our data support the assumption that nondestructive pulling tests can be successfully employed to determine good vigorous candidates for retention after partial uprooting.
Meeting Learners Where They Are: Using Microsoft Forms to Drive Improvement in Learning Outcomes
Authors: Peters Vanessa
Published: March 2021

This qualitative study was designed to explore how teachers are using Microsoft Forms to improve student learning outcomes in primary and secondary school classrooms. Twenty-two teachers —both experienced and new Forms users— participated in an interview about how they used Forms in their teaching. This report provides concrete examples of teachers’ use of Forms and describes their support needs for starting to use this tool in the classroom. School leaders and instructional technology coaches can use the report to inform implementation plans and training on Microsoft Forms.
Designing a Process for Inclusive Innovation: A Radical Commitment to Equity
Authors: Angevine Colin , Cator Karen , Liberman Babe , Smith Kim , Young Viki
Published: March 2021

This paper starts from the premise that missing from existing education R&D is a radical commitment to equity. The paper presents Inclusive Innovation, a model that reimagines authority, decision-making, and risk in the context of education R&D and provides an overarching framework for authentically engaging underrepresented stakeholders at the earliest stages and shifting their roles to leaders, participants, and beneficiaries. The power of Inclusive Innovation is that it doesn’t just invite underrepresented voices and perspectives into the innovation ecosystem; it places them at the center of it.
Suddenly Online: A National Survey of Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Means Barbara , Neisler Julie ,   Langer Research Associates
Published: March 2021

Digital Promise and Langer Research Associates developed the “Survey of Student Perceptions of Remote Teaching and Learning” to capture the experiences of undergraduates taking courses that transitioned to online instruction in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey explores the nature of college courses as they were taught during the COVID-19 outbreak, the pervasiveness of various challenges undergraduates faced after the transition to remote instruction, and course features associated with higher levels of student satisfaction. Data analyses compared experiences of students from low-income, underrepresented, or rural backgrounds to those of students with none of these characteristics. This survey was administered in the spring of 2020 to a random national sample of 1,008 undergraduates, age 18 and older, who were taking college courses for credit that included in-person class sessions when the COVID-19 pandemic hit and had to finish the course by learning at a distance.
PEMAMPAATAN LIMBAH KERTAS MENJADI KALIGRAFI HIASAN DINDING KAMPUNG JALIN KOTA JANTHO
Authors: Kholilah Anni , Taruan Hatmi Negria , W Reza Sastra
Published: March 2021

Kampung jalin merupakan daerah yang berdekatan dengan kota Jantho. Jarak jalin dengan kota jantho dapat diakses dengan kendaraan roda empat maupun roda dua selama ±30 menit perjalanan. Secara geografis jalin dikelilingi lahan subur sehingga sebagian besar masyarakat jalin kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa jalin didominasi oleh sektor pertanian dan perkebunan, sedangkan potensi kesenian masih sangat minim terutama di bidang seni rupa. hal tersebut menimbulkan pemikiran bahwa peluang seni rupa untuk berkembang masih sangat terbuka. Minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan keterampilan seni membutuhkan bimbingan dan pelatihan oleh tenaga ahli sehingga keterampilan seni ini sendiri dapat di konversi menjadi peluang usaha dan memiliki nilai ekonomis, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan limbah kertas menjadi kaligrafi hias sebagai cendra mata. Kaligrafi hias merupakan cara sederhana mengolah bahan-bahan kertas tidak terpakai menjadi hiasan dengan memanfaatkan benda-benda sederhana yang diolah sedemikian rupa sehingga menjadi benda yang memiliki nilai seni dan memiliki nilai jual. Keutamaan kaligrafi hias ini sendiri yakni dari bahan-bahan baku yang mudah didapatkan dengan harga yang tergolong cukup murah dan memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi.Interlace village is an area adjacent to the city of Jantho. Distance intertwined with the city of Jakarta can be accessed by four-wheeled vehicles or two-wheeled vehicles for ± 30 minutes. Geographically intertwined surrounded by fertile land so that most people intertwine these conditions indicate that interbreeding is dominated by the agricultural and plantation sectors, while the potential of art is still very minimal, especially in the field of art. this raises the idea that the opportunities for art to develop are still very open. The lack of public knowledge of art skills requires guidance and training by experts so that the art skills themselves can be converted into business opportunities and have economic value, one of which is by utilizing paper waste into decorative calligraphy as eye cendra. Decorative calligraphy is a simple way to process unused paper materials into decorations by utilizing simple objects that are processed in such a way that they become objects that have artistic value and have selling points. The virtue of this decorative calligraphy is that it is from raw materials that are easily obtained with prices that are quite cheap and have a high selling value.
PENCIPTAAN TOKOH MALEFICENT DALAM NASKAH MALEFICENT KARYA LINDA WOOLVERTON
Authors: Hachika Siti Dexara
Published: March 2021

Penciptaan karakter Maleficent di teater adalah aktor citra diri yang ingin mengungkapkan sisi lain dari karakter. Maleficent adalah sejenis peri yang kemudian menjadi jahat karena kekecewaan terhadap orang-orang yang dicintainya. Sosok peri jahat Maleficent masih memiliki sisi baik yang ingin melindungi kerajaan Moor dan kasih sayang kepada putri Aurora. Teori yang digunakan akting dan bukan akting oleh Michael Kirby. Teori ini digunakan karena memberikan konsep dan juga mudah dipahami oleh aktor. Tujuan penciptaan adalah untuk menciptakan pertunjukan teater dari film dengan judul Maleficent. Hasil dari penciptaan karakter Maleficent adalah pesan moral bahwa seseorang memiliki dua sisi yang berbeda. Pesan moral tidak hanya menilai seseorang dari satu sisi saja, tetapi juga melihat sisi lain Maleficent character creation in the theater is a self image actor who wants to reveal the other side of a character. Maleficent is a kind of fairy figure which later became evil because of disappointment to the people she loves. The figure of the evil fairy Maleficent still have a good side that wants to protect the kingdom of Moors and affection to princess Aurora. The theory used acting and not acting by Michael Kirby. The theory is used because it provides with concept and as well as easy to understand by the actor. The purpose of creation is to create a theatrical performance from a movie with the title Maleficent. The results from Maleficent character creation is a moral message that someone has two different sides. The moral message is don’t just judge someone from one side only, but also see the other side
PSIKOLOGIS DALAM SENI: KATARSIS SEBAGAI REPRESENTASI DALAM KARYA SENI RUPA
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap peran aspek psikologis katarsis dalam karya seni rupa. Prinsip seputar psikis dapat dipraktikan dalam karya seni, salahsatunya gerakan seni rupa kontemporer. Kajian karya berdasarkan aspek psikologis, salah satunya katarsis termasuk hal yang krusial untuk dilakukan.  Metode pada penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan multidisiplin (psikologi seni dan semiotika). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perspektif lebih obyektif karena seniman sebagai kreator berbanding lurus dengan karya yang disajikan. Elemen visual yang dipilih dan disajikan seniman tersusun berdasarkan kemampuan kreatif menyusun citra visual yang berangkat dari aspek pengalaman yaitu berupa rasa khawatir/kegelisahan atau ketakutan yang mendasarinya dalam berkarya. Karya seni yang terwujud representasi dari dunia psikis seniman sebagai kreator. Pendekatan psikologis dalam berkarya dengan dipadukan kemampuan akademik dari aspek keilmuan seni rupa setidaknya mampu memperkaya keilmuan dalam keberagaman seni rupa. Dalam konstelasi seni rupa Indonesia kontemporer, kajian dari perspektif psikologis, khususnya katarsis pada karya seni berelasi dengan psikobiografi atau pengalaman pribadi seniman. This research aims to explore the role of catharsis psychological aspects in visual artwork. The principle surrounding the psychic can be practiced in the artwork. One of them is contemporary art movements. A study of works based on psychological aspects, one of which is cathartic includes the crucial thing to do.  The method in this study implements a qualitative method with a multidisciplinary approach (the psychology of Art and semiotics). The results show that perspective is more objective because the artist as a creator is directly proportional to the work showed.The selected and presented visual elements by the artist are arranged based on a creative ability to compose a visual image that influences the experience aspect of worry/anxiety or fear underlying it in the works. The artwork embodied is a representation of the part of a psychic artist as creator. The psychological approach of working combined with the academic ability of the science aspect of the arts is at least, capable of enriching science in the diversity of visual arts. In the constellation of contemporary Indonesian visual art, a study from a psychological perspective, especially catharsis on artwork relates to a psychobiography or an artist's personal experience.
PERANCANGAN IKLAN LAYANAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG BAHAYA RADIASI HANDPHONE SAAT TIDUR
Authors: Sari Ika Novita
Published: March 2021

Smartphone merupakan sebuah teknologi yang saat ini menjadi kebutuhan primer. Pekerjaan yang ada akan menjadi lebih ringan dengan adanya smartphone tersebut. Selain manfaatnya yang dapat membantu meringankan pekerjaan manusia, smartphone juga ada dampak negative yaitu bahayanya radiasi yang ditimbulkan. Banyak dari kita yang meletakkan smartphone disamping kita saat tidur tanpa tahu bahanya radiasi yang berasal dari smartphone. Iklan layanan masyarakat ini ditujukan untuk remaja sebagai pengguna smartphone yang paling banyak. Dengan menggunakan metode perancangan yang efektif, maka akan didapatkan hasil yang tepat.Smartphone is a technology that is currently a primary need. Existing work will be lighter with the smartphone. In addition to the benefits that can help alleviate human work, smartphones also have a negative impact, namely the dangers of radiation caused. Many of us who put smartphones next to us while sleeping without knowing the dangers of radiation coming from smartphones. This public service advertisement is aimed at teenagers as the most smartphone users. By using effective design methods, you will get the most exact results.