bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Traditional to Cutting‐Edge: Transforming Pulmonary Valve Assessment With Advanced Echocardiography Techniques
Authors: Kemaloglu Oz Tugba , Kavalerchyk Vladyslav , Hristova Krasimira , Felix Alex dos Santos , Sivashanmugarajah Anosh Shane , Baumann Angus A. , Mladenow Alexander
Published: December 2024

The pulmonary valve (PV), although often less emphasized than other heart valves, is crucial for cardiac function and hemodynamics. Historically, the PV has been underrepresented in echocardiographic assessments due to its rare involvement in pathological conditions, particularly in adults. Additionally, the anatomical position of the PV makes it one of the most challenging valves to visualize using conventional echocardiography. Traditional two‐dimensional (2D) techniques, while foundational, have limitations in capturing the full spectrum of valve pathology and dynamics. Recent advancements in echocardiography, especially the integration of three‐dimensional (3D) imaging, have significantly enhanced the assessment of PV disorders. 3D echocardiography (3DE) offers superior accuracy in visualizing valve morphology and function, overcoming the limitations of angle dependency and suboptimal imaging planes typical of 2D assessments. This evolution in imaging techniques facilitates more precise diagnoses and improved management of conditions such as pulmonary stenosis (PS) and regurgitation (PR). This review explores the transition from conventional echocardiographic methods to advanced approaches that are reshaping our understanding of the PV, emphasizing the importance of incorporating these cutting‐edge techniques into routine clinical practice to enhance patient outcomes.
Impact of Spatial Representation on the Quality of Prosthodontic Procedures
Authors: Wakam Raphaël , Riom Sixtine , Leroy Maxime , Dehurtevent Marion
Published: December 2024

Background

The correlation between the three‐dimensional spatial representation (3DSR) abilities, specifically involving spatial orientation, spatial visualisation and spatial relationship, and the performance in exercises related to preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics and removable partial denture is not studied.

Objective

Assess the correlation between the 3DSR abilities and the performance in exercises related to preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics and removable partial denture carried out by second and third year dental students.

Materials and Methods

The 3DSR abilities (spatial orientation, spatial visualisation and spatial relationship) and the scores of preclinical practical exams in prosthetics were tested on 187 students. All tests were carried out during 2 weeks. The association was tested by Spearman's correlation or Wilcoxon's signed ranks test and adjusted using Holm's method. The comparison of the 3DSR scores between second and third year students was performed by Student's test (α = 0.05).

Results

For second year students, there is no correlation between the 3DSR score and the removable partial denture score, whereas a correlation (p = 0.048) was found with the fixed prosthodontic score. For third year students, there is a positive correlation (Rho = 0.23) with the removable partial denture score (p = 0.024), but no correlation was found with the fixed prosthodontic score. There was no significant difference between the second year and the third year students (p = 0.360).

Conclusions

The 3DSR tests permitted to improve the performance of dental students during preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics or removable partial denture.
Post‐Relapse Outcomes of Older Patients With NPM1‐Mutated AML Are Favorable With Allo Transplant in Second Remission
Authors: Frisch Avraham , Ganzel Chezi , Ofran Yishai , Krayem Baher , Haran Arnon , Vainstein Vladimir , Aumann Shlomzion , Even‐Zohar Noa Gross , Nachmias Boaz
Published: December 2024

Molecular assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) in NPM1‐mutated AML patients is a powerful prognostic tool to identify the risk of relapse. There is limited data regarding MRD‐guided decisions against alloSCT in elderly patients and FLT3–ITD co‐mutation. We describe the outcome of NPM1‐mutated AML patients in whom alloSCT was deferred based on ELN 2017 risk and MRD response. We report a relapse rate of 53% in this group, with a much higher incidence for older than 60 years patients than for younger patients (73% vs. 37%). When comparing outcomes of alloSCT in CR1 to intensive chemotherapy consolidation within each age group, patients over 60 years and patients with FLT3–ITD co‐mutation had significantly lower RFS with intensive consolidation. Yet, in all subgroups, the lower RFS did not translate into OS difference, suggesting that relapsed NPM1 patients can often be salvaged and consequently achieve long‐term remission. Our study supports the use of MRD response along with FLT3–ITD status in the decision to use post‐remission therapy. We demonstrate that older patients and patients with FLT3–ITD‐mutated AML have a high relapse rate but can be salvaged, leading to long‐term survival.
Environmental Conditions Modulate Warming Effects on Plant Litter Decomposition Globally
Authors: Schwieger Sarah , Dorrepaal Ellen , Petit Bon Matteo , Vandvik Vigdis , le Roux Elizabeth , Strack Maria , Yang Yan , Venn Susanna , van den Hoogen Johan , Valiño Fernando , Thomas Haydn J. D. , te Beest Mariska , Suzuki Satoshi , Petraglia Alessandro , Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Munir Tariq Muhammad , Michelsen Anders , Løkken Jørn Olav , Li Qi , Koike Takayoshi , Klanderud Kari , Karr Ellen Haakonsen , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala , Hollister Robert D. , Hofgaard Annika , Hassan Ibrahim A. , Genxu Wang , Filippova Nina , Crowther Thomas W. , Clark Karin , Christiansen Casper T. , Casanova‐Katny Angelica , Carbognani Michele , Bokhorst Stef , Björnsdóttir Katrín , Asplund Johan , Althuizen Inge , Alonso Rocío , Alatalo Juha , Agathokleous Evgenios , Aerts Rien , Sarneel Judith M.
Published: December 2024

Empirical studies worldwide show that warming has variable effects on plant litter decomposition, leaving the overall impact of climate change on decomposition uncertain. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 109 experimental warming studies across seven continents, using natural and standardised plant material, to assess the overarching effect of warming on litter decomposition and identify potential moderating factors. We determined that at least 5.2° of warming is required for a significant increase in decomposition. Overall, warming did not have a significant effect on decomposition at a global scale. However, we found that warming reduced decomposition in warmer, low‐moisture areas, while it slightly increased decomposition in colder regions, although this increase was not significant. This is particularly relevant given the past decade's global warming trend at higher latitudes where a large proportion of terrestrial carbon is stored. Future changes in vegetation towards plants with lower litter quality, which we show were likely to be more sensitive to warming, could increase carbon release and reduce the amount of organic matter building up in the soil. Our findings highlight how the interplay between warming, environmental conditions, and litter characteristics improves predictions of warming's impact on ecosystem processes, emphasising the importance of considering context‐specific factors.
Central Taxa Are Keystone Microbes During Early Succession
Authors: Rawstern Amanda H. , Hernandez Damian J. , Afkhami Michelle E.
Published: December 2024

Microorganisms underpin numerous ecosystem processes and support biodiversity globally. Yet, we understand surprisingly little about what structures environmental microbiomes, including how to efficiently identify key players. Microbiome network theory predicts that highly connected hubs act as keystones, but this has never been empirically tested in nature. Combining culturing, sequencing, networks and field experiments, we isolated ‘central’ (highly connected, hub taxa), ‘intermediate’ (moderately connected), and ‘peripheral’ (weakly/unconnected) microbes and experimentally evaluated their effects on soil microbiome assembly during early succession in nature. Central early colonisers significantly (1) enhanced biodiversity (35%–40% richer communities), (2) reshaped trajectories of microbiome assembly and (3) increased recruitment of additional influential microbes by > 60%. In contrast, peripheral microbes did not increase diversity and were transient taxa, minimally affected by the presence of other microbes. This work elucidates fundamental principles of network theory in microbial ecology and demonstrates for the first time in nature that central microbes act as keystone taxa.
Identifying the Knowledge and Capacity Gaps in Southeast Asian Insect Conservation
Authors: Ong Xin Rui , Tan Belle , Chang Charlotte H. , Puniamoorthy Nalini , Slade Eleanor M.
Published: December 2024

Insects represent most of terrestrial animal biodiversity, and multiple reports suggest that their populations are declining globally due to anthropogenic impacts. Yet, a high proportion of insect species remain undescribed and limited data on their population dynamics hamper insect conservation efforts. This is particularly critical in tropical biodiversity hotspots such as Southeast Asia. To identify knowledge and capacity gaps in Southeast Asian insect conservation, we performed a quantitative review of insect occurrence records, studies for the region and global ‘#conservation’ posts from Twitter. We found that occurrence records increased over time, and were dominated by butterflies. Overall, studies were largely focused on pest and vector groups, and insect conservation and ecology studies were lacking in many countries. Despite an increase in local authorships and funding sources over time, the majority of these were still located outside of Southeast Asia. In ‘#conservation’ posts, insects were highly under‐represented and insect‐related content was biased towards popular groups such as bees and butterflies. We suggest potential solutions to address these gaps, such as integrative taxonomic approaches, and increasing regional collaborations and public engagements. Crucially, we stress the need for political will and funding to overcome the impediments towards insect conservation efforts in Southeast Asia.
Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Fertility of Aquatic Animals Using a Meta‐Analytic Approach
Authors: Chatten Amber , Grieve Isobel , Meligoniti Eirini , Hayward Claudia , Pilakouta Natalie
Published: December 2024

Given that reproductive physiology is highly sensitive to thermal stress, there is increasing concern about the effects of climate change on animal fertility. Even a slight reduction in fertility can have consequences for population growth and survival, so it is critical to better understand and predict the potential effects of climate change on reproductive traits. We synthesised 1894 effect sizes across 276 studies on 241 species to examine thermal effects on fertility in aquatic animals. Our meta‐analysis revealed that external fertilisers tend to be more vulnerable to warming than internal fertilisers, especially in freshwater species. We also found that increased temperature is particularly detrimental for gametes and that under certain conditions, female fertility is more sensitive to warming than male fertility, challenging the prevailing view that males are more vulnerable. This work provides valuable new insights into the effects of temperature on fertility, with potential consequences for population viability.
Forty‐hertz sensory entrainment impedes kindling epileptogenesis and reduces amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer disease mouse model
Authors: Tinston Jennifer , Hudson Matthew R. , Harutyunyan Anna , Chen Zhibin , Jones Nigel C.
Published: December 2024

Objective

The 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) recapitulates amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposition and pronounced seizure susceptibility observed in patients with AD. Forty‐hertz audiovisual stimulation is a noninvasive technique that entrains gamma neural oscillations and can reduce Aβ pathology and modulate glial expression in AD models. We hypothesized that 40‐Hz sensory stimulation would improve seizure susceptibility in 5xFAD mice and this would be associated with reduction of plaques and modulation of glial phenotypes.

Methods

5xFAD mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates received 1 h/day 40‐Hz audiovisual stimulation or sham (n = 7–11/group), beginning 2 weeks before and continuing throughout amygdala kindling epileptogenesis. Postmortem analyses included Aβ pathology and morphology of astrocytes and microglia.

Results

5xFAD mice exhibited enhanced susceptibility to seizures compared to WT, evidenced by fewer stimulations to reach kindling endpoint (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.46, p < .0001) and a trend to higher seizure severity (odds ratio [OR] = .34, p = .059). Forty‐hertz stimulation reduced the behavioral severity of the first seizure (OR = 4.04, p = .02) and delayed epileptogenesis, increasing the number of stimulations required to reach kindling endpoint (IRR = .82, p = .01) compared to sham, regardless of genotype. 5xFAD mice receiving sensory stimulation exhibited ~50% reduction in amyloid pathology compared to sham. Furthermore, markers of astrocytes and microglia were upregulated in both genotypes receiving 40‐Hz stimulation.

Significance

Forty‐hertz sensory entrainment slows epileptogenesis in the mouse amygdala kindling model. Although this intervention improves Aβ pathology in 5xFAD mice, the observed antiepileptogenic effect may also relate to effects on glia, because mice without Aβ plaques (i.e., WT) also experienced antiepileptogenic effects of the intervention.
Spectrophotometric analyses on electronic structures of glide dislocation cores in ZnS
Authors: Ogura Yu , Mishina Kaito , Hoshino Sena , Higuchi Kimitaka , Yokoi Tatsuya , Nakamura Atsutomo , Matsunaga Katsuyuki
Published: December 2024

It has been reported that dislocations in ZnS can trap photoexcited carriers and then undergo core reconstruction. However, electronic states of the trapped carriers at the reconstructed dislocations were not detected experimentally. In this study, unique ultraviolet (UV)–visible–infrared (IR) transmission measurements by using a spectrophotometer with UV pump beam were performed for deformed ZnS single crystals having glide dislocations. Optical transmission values of the deformed specimens decreased by the pump beam illumination apparently. Additionally, the optical transmission reductions increased more with rising plastic strains, namely, rising dislocation density. Since the UV pump beam can produce photoexcited carriers of electrons and holes, it is expected that the glide dislocations introduced in the deformed specimens undergo core reconstruction due to carrier trapping. Therefore, it is thought that the observed reduction in optical transmission of the deformed specimens is ascribed to photoabsorption due to in‐gap states localized at the reconstructed partial dislocation cores. Moreover, time‐dependent transmission measurements revealed that the core reconstruction proceed rapidly while the opposite processes are quite slow, which may be closely related to atomic structure changes of the glide dislocation cores due to the additional pump beam illumination.
Landscape Effects on Local Species Richness of Woody Specialists in Subtropical Montane Cloud Forest of Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Pei , Zelený David , Hsieh Chang‐Fu
Published: December 2024

Aim

How is the local species richness of woody specialists in vegetation plots located within subtropical montane cloud forests (SMCFs) affected by the landscape structure of the surrounding SMCF habitat patch?

Location

Subtropical montane cloud forests in Taiwan.

Taxon

Woody species specialised in growing in foggy conditions.

Methods

We used plant occurrence data from major herbaria together with fog frequency data to identify fog specialists of SMCFs in Taiwan. Subsequently, we extracted 20 × 20 m forest vegetation plots from the National Vegetation Database of Taiwan and calculated the richness of woody specialists in each of them. Using a published predicted SMCFs distribution map, we estimated the landscape context of SMCFs around each vegetation plot within circular buffer zones of increasing radius. The variables of landscape structure include those related to the area of SMCFs habitat (area and connectivity), surrounding heterogeneity (topographical heterogeneity and vegetation diversity) and edge effect (the nearest distance from the plot to the edge and the edge length). The multiple linear regression model was used to investigate which of the three mechanisms of landscape context has the strongest effect on the local richness of fog specialists.

Results

Only the area of SMCFs habitat patch shows a significant positive effect on the local species richness of woody specialists in the plot when considering all the landscape variables. Area per se might be a possible mechanism that supports this positive species‐area relationship. Additionally, the area of SMCFs patch is highly correlated with connectivity, indicating that larger SMCF patches enhance connectivity beyond buffer zones, sustaining species through the rescue effect from the regional species pool.

Main Conclusions

Patch size and connectivity are crucial for the species richness of woody specialists in SMCFs in Taiwan. For conservation, we recommend protecting larger, less fragmented SMCF patches to maintain biodiversity.
Climate‐Driven Vegetation Characteristics Shape Phytophagous and Carnivorous Insect Diversity in South African Savannahs
Authors: Gaona Fernando P. , Delabye Sylvain , Potocký Pavel , Govorov Valeriy , Čuda Jan , Foxcroft Llewellyn C. , Garlacz Rafał , Hejda Martin , MacFadyen Sandra , Pyrcz Tomasz , Pyšková Klára , Sedláček Ondřej , Storch David , Pyšek Petr , Tropek Robert
Published: December 2024

Aim

Despite the evidenced importance of insects in savannah ecosystems, the drivers of their diversity patterns remain poorly understood, particularly in the Afrotropical region. This study addresses part of this gap by investigating the effects of climate, habitat, disturbance and vegetation variables on species richness and community composition of phytophagous and predatory insects in South African savannahs.

Location

Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa.

Taxon

Phytophagous insects (moths) and carnivorous insects (mantises).

Methods

Moths and mantises were light‐trapped in 60 plots distributed across KNP during two seasons. Direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on insect species richness were analysed using structural equation models, and on community composition through distance‐based redundancy analyses (db‐RDA).

Results

Based on an extensive dataset of 65,593 moth individuals representing 817 species and 3511 mantis individuals representing 38 species, we identified plant communities as the primary driver of species richness and community structure for both insect groups. The effects of vegetation on insect communities were indirectly shaped by climate, particularly mean temperature (negatively correlated with precipitation), through its effects on plant species richness. Additionally, a complex interplay among bedrock type, water availability and disturbance from large herbivores further shaped insect diversity.

Main Conclusions

Our findings highlight the critical role of plant species richness in determining insect diversity patterns in savannah ecosystems. We also confirmed the region's vulnerability to climate change, as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperatures alter vegetation composition and biomass, consequently affecting insect communities. Effective conservation strategies should focus on managing large herbivores to maintain diverse vegetation, which is crucial for supporting insect diversity. Priority should be given to balancing water availability and disturbance intensity, particularly in preserving the health of rivers and their surroundings, to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on these ecosystems.
Deciphering the Role of SLFN12: A Novel Biomarker for Predicting Immunotherapy Outcomes in Glioma Patients Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chen Zigui , Liu Chao , Zheng Wei , Fang Yuhua , Zhang He , Luo Jiawei , Li Jiale , Qiu Yingqi , Peng Jun , Xia Ying , Miao Changfeng , Luo Qisheng
Published: December 2024

Gliomas are the most prevalent form of primary brain tumours. Recently, targeting the PD‐1 pathway with immunotherapies has shown promise as a novel glioma treatment. However, not all patients experience long‐lasting benefits, underscoring the necessity to discover reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment outcomes. This study applied a range of advanced artificial intelligence methods to identify a new biomarker linked to the effectiveness of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in glioma patients. Through an extensive analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing and bulk transcriptomic data from over 3000 patients, the gene SLFN12 emerged as a significant and independent predictor of immunotherapy response. Our results indicate that elevated SLFN12 expression is associated with worse overall survival across various glioma cohorts. Notably, we found that patients with high SLFN12 levels are less likely to respond favourably to anti‐PD‐1 treatment, positioning SLFN12 as a clinically valuable biomarker for personalised treatment decisions. Functional studies revealed that SLFN12 is involved in key immune‐related pathways, shedding light on its potential role in altering the tumour microenvironment and impacting immunotherapy outcomes. Additional laboratory experiments confirmed the role of SLFN12 in promoting glioma cell proliferation, migration and macrophage recruitment. In summary, this study identifies SLFN12 as a novel biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response in glioma patients, offering new insights for precision immunotherapy approaches.
Leveraging Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Profiling for Precision Skin Care: How SNPs Shape Individual Responses in Cosmetic Dermatology
Authors: Haykal Diala
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent a significant genetic variation influencing individual responses to cosmetic dermatology treatments. SNP profiling offers a pathway to personalized skincare by enabling practitioners to predict patient outcomes, customize interventions, and mitigate risks.

Background

The integration of genetic insights into dermatology has gained traction, with SNP analysis revealing predispositions in skin characteristics, such as collagen degradation, pigmentation, and inflammatory responses. Key SNPs, including MMP1, SOD2, TYR, and IL‐6, are pivotal in determining skin health and treatment outcomes. Despite its promise, the adoption of SNP profiling in cosmetic dermatology is in its infancy, requiring further exploration of its practical applications.

Results

SNPs significantly influence skin responses to aesthetic treatments, offering insights for personalized care. Variations in MMP1 correlate with collagen degradation, suggesting collagen‐stimulating therapies, while SOD2 SNPs highlight the need for antioxidant support. TYR variations affect pigmentation risks in light‐based treatments, and IL‐6 SNPs reveal inflammatory predispositions, guiding anti‐inflammatory protocols. AI integration enhances SNP profiling by improving prediction accuracy and treatment customization. Challenges remain, including standardization, ethical considerations, and cost‐effectiveness. Combining genetic insights with epigenetics and leveraging AI technologies can amplify precision and safety in dermatologic care.

Conclusion

SNP profiling marks a transformative step toward precision medicine in cosmetic dermatology, enabling tailored treatments that enhance efficacy and minimize adverse effects. Integrating AI‐driven SNP analysis with epigenetic insights provides a comprehensive approach to patient care, fostering a new era of personalized skincare that respects genetic and environmental interactions. This paradigm shift holds the potential to redefine dermatologic practices, improving outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Association of Teamwork, Moral Sensitivity and Missed Nursing Care in ICU Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jia Wanshun , Chen Xue , Fang Jinxia , Cao Heng
Published: December 2024

Aim

To investigate the correlation between intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' demographic characteristics, teamwork, moral sensitivity and missed nursing care.

Background

Teamwork, moral sensitivity and missed nursing care are important health challenges among ICU nurses. Clarifying the relationship between variables is benefit to improve the quality of patients care. Nevertheless, a comprehensive conceptualisation of the relationship between teamwork, moral sensitivity and missed nursing care remains lacking.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

This study follows the STROBE checklist. ICU nurses were recruited by two hospitals between November 2023 and January 2024, in Shandong Province, China. The demographic characteristic questionnaire, teamwork perceptions questionnaire, moral sensitivity questionnaire–revised version into Chinese and the Chinese version of the missed nursing care questionnaire were used for investigation. Multiple linear regression was used to clarify the factors affecting missed nursing care. Pearson correlation was used to test the correlation between teamwork, moral sensitivity and missed nursing care.

Results

The level of missed nursing care for ICU nurses was low, with overall mean score of 37.49. Missed nursing care for ICU nurses in the labour dispatch were much higher than nurses with the contract system and personnel agency (p < 0.05). The 12‐h shifts of ICU nurses also influenced missed nursing care. Furthermore, teamwork has a positive relationship with moral sensitivity (r = 0.653, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Hospital and nursing managers should pay attention to the clinical sense of belonging of ICU nurses, reasonably set the working shifts, which will help to reduce the occurrence of missed nursing care.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It is recommended that nursing managers should invest in strategies to enhance nurse teamwork and implement a 12‐h shift pattern, which can alleviate moral distress and improve quality of care.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution. (The data of this were collected from nurses and not related to patients. They were informed of the research process and precautions, signed informed consent.)
Organizational models for advancing technological innovations: A configurational approach
Authors: O'Connor Gina Colarelli
Published: December 2024

Novel technologies are emerging and evolving at such a rapid pace that it is difficult for companies and society to absorb them. Large mature organizations can be displaced if they fail to learn about, develop, and adopt new technologies, yet they struggle to do so. What is the best approach? Clearly there is no single best answer. This paper examines organizational models that companies have experimented with for leveraging technological discoveries and inventions to create strategic innovations that fuel new growth opportunities. I adopt Kanter's concept of newstreams as the guiding lens, because it addresses the challenges that mature firms face in their attempts to create new platforms of growth that emerging technologies enable, while maintaining the health of the mainstream core business. This notion demands an extension of ambidexterity theory beyond the exploration/exploitation dichotomy, recognizing that creating new streams of growth that ultimately become part of the mainstream organization requires elements of exploitation to enhance reliability and predictability that the mainstream requires. Five organizational approaches for SI that have been observed in practice are described and considered in light of three elements that, together, can be thought of as comprising a technological innovation strategy: (a) type of ambidextrous approach the firm adopts, (b) type of technology (general vs. special purpose), and (c) targeted market (internal vs. external). By combining theory and observation, configurations of ambidexterity type, technology type, and target market are proposed, as well as expected outcomes for each. I offer these as a research agenda whose outcome can provide important guidance to organizational leaders who are attempting to build capabilities for technological innovation that will secure their organizations' future health.
Molecular characterization of two cyanobacterial generitypes from their type localities in Scandinavia
Authors: Vondrášková Alžběta , Hauer Tomáš , Bengtsson Roland , Kaštovský Jan , Johansen Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2024

Over 400 cyanobacterial genera have been described up to the present. Since the Cambridge Rules (https://www.iapt‐taxon.org/historic/1935.htm: Rendle 1935), a type species (generitype) must be specified at the time of description for a new genus to be validly described. Even though we have entered a time in which sequencing has become practical and widespread, the basic molecular characterization (e.g., 16S rRNA gene sequence) of most cyanobacterial generitypes is still lacking. About 15 cyanobacterial genera were originally described from Scandinavia. Following a field excursion in which the type or syntype localities for the type species of these genera were visited and sampled, we succeeded in finding three type species from their type or syntype localities: Capsosira brebissonii, Stigonema mamillosum, and Paracapsa siderophila. Epitypes for all three generitypes are herein established. Cells or filaments of C. brebissonii and S. mamillosum were isolated and used for single‐cell/filament PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and subsequent cloning and sequencing of the PCR amplicons. This allows a firm establishment of reference sequences of these two genera, to which morphologically similar taxa can now be compared. Stigonema and Capsosira are shown herein to be sister to Aetokthonos hydrillicola, a cyanobacterium known to cause avian vacuolar myelinopathy in birds, including bald eagles.
Factors associated with the presence and abundance of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Perspectives from larval habitat‐scale and neighbourhood‐scale analyses in the Argentine subtropics
Authors: Lizuain Arturo Andres , Maffey Lucia , Leporace Marina , Garzón Maximiliano , Schweigmann Nicolás , Santini María Soledad
Published: December 2024

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) are invasive species known for their notable expansion capacity, which makes them relevant in the context of public health due to their role as vectors. In Argentina, these species coexist in a limited subtropical area in Northeastern part of the country. Because of the limited knowledge existing about these species in this region, the present study aims to investigate the determinants of the presence and abundance of both vectors at the larval habitat scale (presence and abundance) and neighbourhood scale (House, Container and Breteau Indices; abundance; and number of pupae). For this purpose, preimaginal stages of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti were sampled in households from areas with variable urbanisation degrees (in rural, vegetated urban and non‐vegetated urban) located in the province of Misiones, Argentina. The analyses considered the association with meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation), environmental variables (type of urbanisation), biotic variables (presence of predator species) and container characteristics (size and water volume). At the larval habitat scale, Ae. albopictus was associated with precipitation, temperature and rural environments. In contrast, Ae. aegypti was positively associated with urban environments and negatively with predator presence. At the neighbourhood scale, Ae. albopictus was primarily associated with precipitation and temperature, whereas Ae. aegypti showed a negative association with predator presence and positive associations with urban environments and, to a lesser degree, meteorological variables. These results indicate that in Argentina, meteorological, biotic and environmental factors have differential influences on Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, underscoring the need to consider them for the development of effective public health strategies.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gastric Motility in Conscious Rats
Authors: Wang Xiaokai , Alkaabi Fatimah , Cornett Ashley , Choi Minkyu , Scheven Ulrich M. , Di Natale Madeleine R. , Furness John B. , Liu Zhongming
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Gastrointestinal (GI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables simultaneous assessment of gastric peristalsis, emptying, and intestinal filling and transit. However, GI MRI in animals typically requires anesthesia, which complicates physiology and confounds interpretation and translation to humans. This study aimed to establish GI MRI in conscious rats, and for the first time, characterize GI motor functions in awake versus anesthetized conditions.

Methods

Fourteen Sprague–Dawley rats were acclimated to remain awake, still, and minimally stressed during MRI. GI MRI was performed under both awake and anesthetized conditions following voluntary consumption of a contrast‐enhanced test meal.

Results

Awake rats remained physiologically stable during MRI, giving rise to gastric emptying of 23.7% ± 1.4% at 48 min and robust peristaltic contractions propagating through the antrum at 0.72 ± 0.04 mm/s, with a relative amplitude of 40.7% ± 2.3% and a frequency of 5.1 ± 0.1 cycles per minute. Under anesthesia, gastric emptying was approximately halved, mainly due to a significant reduction in peristaltic contraction amplitude, rather than the change in propagation speed, whereas the contraction frequency remained unchanged. Additionally, the small intestine showed faster filling and stronger motility in awake rats.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the feasibility of GI MRI in awake rats and highlights notable differences in gastric and intestinal motility between awake and anesthetized states. Our protocol provides a novel and valuable framework for preclinical studies of GI physiology and pathophysiology.
Effect of Oral Inflammatory Burden on Size and Stage of Oral Tongue Cancer
Authors: Saraneva Orvokki , Furuholm Jussi , Hagström Jaana , Sorsa Timo , Rita Ville , Tervahartiala Taina , Välimaa Hannamari , Ruokonen Hellevi
Published: December 2024

Objective

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive life‐threatening disease, the prognosis of which is affected by tumor stage and size. We retrospectively studied whether oral inflammatory burden and established tongue carcinoma etiological factors exert an impact on tumor size and stage.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of 183 subjects diagnosed with tongue carcinoma at Helsinki University Hospital were investigated. Data on sex, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and oral inflammatory burden were assessed by the Periodontal Burden Index, Total Dental Index, and Panorama Tomography Index. In addition, Candida hyphae in histological samples, and tumor size and stage were recorded and analyzed. History of oral potentially malignant disorders was also investigated.

Results

Increased oral inflammatory burden, male sex, and smoking were associated significantly with larger size and advanced stage of cancer, whereas oral Candida hyphae were not associated with size of tongue carcinoma but were associated with female sex.

Conclusion

Male sex, oral inflammatory burden, and smoking were more common in patients with a large and advanced stage of tongue carcinoma. Thus, oral and periodontal infections and their pro‐inflammatory effects may eventually promote carcinoma growth and advance the stage, especially in males.
Efficacy of Conservative Therapy in Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Yanxiang , Niu Shutong , He Zhiyuan , Zhu Hanyi , Liu Yimin , Bao Xin , Yu Chuangqi , Shi Huan
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of conservative treatment in children with juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP).

Methods

Clinical data from 55 children who were diagnosed with JRP from June 2019 to January 2022 were collected. On admission, patients underwent comprehensive examinations, and a questionnaire was completed by the patients and their parents. Patients received only conservative treatment, including sialagogues, warm compresses, massage and antibiotic treatment.

Results

Episodes after treatment (1.11 ± 1.42) were significantly lower in 55 patients than before treatment (3.35 ± 2.42) (p < 0.001). Clinical symptoms improved for 81.81% and recurred for 60%. Patients who did not respond to treatment were in 3‐ to 5‐year‐old group. The serum IgG (p = 0.018), IgA (p = 0.014) and IgM (p = 0.032) levels in the nonresponsive group were significantly higher than those in the improvement group and were either higher than the normal range or at the upper limit. The improvement rate was positively related to the CD8%, and the serum IgA concentration was negatively related to the number of previsit episodes.

Conclusion

Conservative treatment is effective for most children with JRP. Patient responses to treatment may be associated with the maturation of their immune systems. Underlying immune dysregulation should be evaluated, and further treatment is needed in severe cases.
The Critical Role of Polyphenols in Immunomodulation and Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Zhao Mingyu , Li Peitong , Xie Xudong , Shi Peilei , Wang Qianting , Wang Jun , Xu Chunmei
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Periodontitis, the main cause of tooth loss in adults, is a widespread oral disease characterized by chronic inflammation primarily triggered by periodontopathic bacterial infection. Polyphenols are a class of compounds extracted from herbs and diets, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol unit per molecule. Emerging evidence has revealed that polyphenols show significant effectiveness in ameliorating tissue destruction in periodontitis. Herein, we comprehensively review current literature studying the critical role of polyphenols in periodontitis and summarize the predominant molecular mechanisms in immunomodulation and periodontal regeneration, aiming to provide a better understanding of their therapeutic potential in periodontitis.

Methods

PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles, reviews, and clinical studies published until August 2024.

Results

We summarized the immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols in vivo and in vitro, described the research advance regulating the functions of periodontal ligament stem cells and their regeneration potential, and discussed the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we propose future directions for periodontitis therapies with polyphenols.

Conclusions

Polyphenols exert a significant anti‐inflammatory effect and promising potential to promote periodontal regeneration. Further study of the molecular mechanisms and techniques to increase the bioavailability and effect of polyphenols is warranted.
Mobile Application‐Based Care on Health Outcomes in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Long Manyu , Fu Yingping , Liang Hui , Duan Lingxue , Tie Songyuan , Wang Jing , Wang Shuya
Published: December 2024

Background

Effective disease management is crucial for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients as it can significantly reduce disease‐associated symptoms. Currently, the utilization of mobile applications for managing RA patients has gained widespread popularity in clinical settings. However, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive meta‐analysis exploring their effectiveness specifically in the context of RA patients.

Objective

The purpose of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile app‐based care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

We searched eight databases, including CNKI and PubMed, for randomized controlled trials on the implementation of care for RA patients by mobile apps. This search encompassed a timeframe ranging from the inception of the databases to December 1, 2023. Two researchers reviewed the literature and gathered data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the study was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0. The meta‐analysis was carried out using Revman5.4. software.

Results

Eight articles encompassing 3175 patients were retrieved for analysis. Over one‐half of the research was from China, duration of the intervention was 6 weeks to 12 months, and eight included studies were of moderate quality. The meta‐analysis revealed that mobile app‐based care was effective in relieving disease activity, relieving pain, and improving patients' quality of life, however, the impact on self‐management was not clear.

Conclusion

Mobile app‐based care has proven effective in reducing disease activity, alleviating joint pain, and improving quality of life in RA patients. Nonetheless, an in‐depth study is recommended to clarify the potential of these interventions for self‐management.

Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; Registration number: CRD CRD42024498623.
Recovery From Heroin Addiction: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Krowka Jessica , Aller Loretta
Published: December 2024

Objective

Understanding the recovery process from heroin addiction is crucial as nonmedical opioid use persists. This study aims to comprehensively describe the recovery journey, focusing on the experiences and challenges faced by individuals in recovery to inform treatment approaches and support strategies.

Methods

This qualitative study, guided by critical social theory, emphasized balancing power dynamics and fostering equal participation to ensure all voices are heard, challenging traditional hierarchies and promoting inclusivity. Data were collected through audio‐recorded and semi‐structured interviews, and analyzed using Diekelmann's framework. Participants included 10 adults in recovery from heroin addiction, recruited through convenience and snowball sampling methods.

Results

A relational theme “As normal as you can get” was supported by four categories of (a) Being ready: You have to want this; (b) Structure: I need to do certain things through my week and I need to let you know why; (c) Obligation: You realize death was at your door, so many people are dying and you've been granted this gift; and (d) Acceptance: I am who I am today.

Conclusion

Understanding recovery experiences is essential for effective education and support for those at risk of relapse. Insights from this study can help guide the selection of successful treatment and recovery options.
COMMITMENT TO SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF GREEN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES AT AN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ilham Zul , Kamaruzuki Muhammad Nazhan
Published: December 2024

Research, teaching, and involvement at an American university in the areas of green energy and sustainability has placed it at the forefront of international leadership. Its campuses serve as living laboratories for the creation, testing, and implementation of ideas that solve some of the world's most difficult problems. However, very few literatures recorded the approaches made by American universities and most available information are either by European or Asian universities. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of the sustainability initiatives that are currently being carried out at this university using the qualitative case study method.  We draw from interviews with the stakeholders, documents and observations to capture the information from collective viewpoints that is able to position the views aligned with the ongoing green energy and sustainability initiatives at this university. Some of the key components of this initiative include a realistic goal of Quadruple Bottom Line Sustainability Framework, University Radical Collaboration Priorities in Sustainability and Climate Action Plan. It was discovered from this study that many relatively prominent institutional assets, such as a living laboratory for sustainability and campus activities on wellbeing, played crucial roles in the process of getting the initiative off the ground. In this particular path of development, the initial physical assets have been transformed into complementary potential for research, teaching, and institutional growth. In spite of the fact that the case study is limited to a specific university in a particular geographic location, which makes it difficult to reproduce the findings, it does offer a fresh perspective on the topic of green energy and sustainability adoption by university through the interaction with the stakeholders.
Current Applications and Future Potential of 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Mesbah Zarin , Subramaniam Dipaschini , Mariapen Hemalatha , Marathandi Ravathi , Sathiaseelan Sathiamoorthi , Manjit Singh Sussvinderjeet Kaur , Qin Tong Wong , Jamaludin Mohamad Ikhwan
Published: December 2024

This review explores the current applications and future potential of 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering. Key bioprinting techniques including inkjet, extrusion, and laser-assisted methods are discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The review examines various bioink materials, categorized into natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and decellularized extracellular matrix, evaluating their properties and suitability for different tissue types. Current applications in vascular, cartilage, and cancer tissue engineering are analyzed, showcasing the versatility of 3D bioprinting. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including improving printing resolution, vascularization of larger constructs, and maintaining cell viability during the printing process. Future perspectives focus on enhancing the mechanical properties of bioprinted tissues, developing novel bioprinting methods, and incorporating vascularization-promoting factors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering, evolution to regenerative medicine and drug discovery.
Characterisation Analyses on Silver Nanoparticles Grafted Polyurethane as a Potential Material for Electroencephalography Electrodes
Authors: Shabira Fakhira Alanna , Khrisna Dida Faadihilah , Supriyanto Eko , Haueisen Jens , Saidin Syafiqah
Published: December 2024

The development of dry electrodes for electrophysiological signal detection has rapidly increased in recent years to replace the use of wet electrodes. Researchers have explored different materials and designs in developing reliable and user-friendly dry electrodes. The utilization of organic-based material such as biocompatible synthetic polymer is necessary to produce a better skin interface for electrophysiological signal detection. Therefore, this study aims to surface modify the based-substrate of polyurethane (PU) by employing polydopamine (PDA) as a mediator layer to immobilize different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mM AgNO3) of conductive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto the PU surfaces. The chemical functionality and morphology analyses were performed on the samples using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), respectively. The wettability contact angle instrument was then used to determine the wettability properties of the samples. The ATR-FTIR analysis indicated the existence of N–H group, C–O stretch, C–H, C=O and C–N bonds which belong to the chemical functionalities of PU/PDA. While the SEM/EDX results showed that the PU/PDA/50AgNPs contained the most optimal AgNPs distribution on the PU/PDA surfaces with less particle agglomeration. Other than that, the PU/PDA/50AgNPs exhibited better hydrophobicity by increasing the water contact angle of the PU/PDA from 82.96 ± 1.37° to 92.08 ± 1.98°. Therefore, the most desired physicochemical properties for the fabrication of EEG electrodes are possessed by the PU/PDA/50AgNPs due to identical chemical functionalities, desired morphology with a homogeneous dispersion of AgNPs and greater hydrophobicity.