bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Components of near-surface energy balance derived from satellite soundings – Part 1: Net available energy
Authors: Mallick K. , Jarvis A. , Wohlfahrt G. , Kiely G. , Hirano T. , Miyata A. , Yamamoto S. , Hoffmann L.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper introduces a relatively simple method for recovering global fields of near-surface net available energy (the sum of the sensible and latent heat flux or the difference between the net radiation and surface heat accumulation) using satellite visible and infra-red products derived from the AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) and MODIS (MOderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) platforms. The method focuses on first specifying net surface radiation by considering its various shortwave and longwave components. This was then used in a surface energy balance equation in conjunction with satellite day–night surface temperature difference to derive 12 h discrete time estimates of surface, system heat capacity and heat accumulation, leading directly to retrieval for surface net available energy. Both net radiation and net available energy estimates were evaluated against ground truth data taken from 30 terrestrial tower sites affiliated to the FLUXNET network covering 7 different biome classes. This revealed a relatively good agreement between the satellite and tower data, with a pooled root mean square deviation of 98 and 72 W m−2 for net radiation and net available energy, respectively, although both quantities were underestimated by approximately 25 and 10%, respectively relative to the tower observations. Analysis of the individual shortwave and longwave components of the net radiation revealed the downwelling shortwave radiation to be the main source of this systematic underestimation.
Downscaling of seasonal soil moisture forecasts using satellite data
Authors: Schneider S. , Jann A. , Schellander-Gorgas T.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. A new approach to downscaling soil moisture forecasts from the seasonal ensemble prediction forecasting system of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) is presented in this study. Soil moisture forecasts from this system are rarely used nowadays, although they could provide valuable information. Weaknesses of the model soil scheme in forecasting soil water content and the low spatial resolution of the seasonal forecasts are the main reason why soil water information has hardly been used so far. The basic idea to overcome some of these problems is the application of additional information provided by two satellite sensors (ASCAT and Envisat ASAR) to improve the forecast quality, mainly to reduce model bias and increase the spatial resolution. Seasonal forecasts from 2011 and 2012 have been compared to in situ measurement sites in Kenya to test this two-step approach. Results confirm that this downscaling is adding skill to the seasonal forecasts.
Challenges in conditioning a stochastic geological model of a heterogeneous glacial aquifer to a comprehensive soft data set
Authors: Koch J. , He X. , Jensen K. H. , Refsgaard J. C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In traditional hydrogeological investigations, one geological model is often used based on subjective interpretations and sparse data availability. This deterministic approach usually does not account for any uncertainties. Stochastic simulation methods address this problem and can capture the geological structure uncertainty. In this study the geostatistical software TProGS is utilized to simulate an ensemble of realizations for a binary (sand/clay) hydrofacies model in the Norsminde catchment, Denmark. TProGS can incorporate soft data, which represent the associated level of uncertainty. High-density (20 m × 20 m × 2 m) airborne geophysical data (SkyTEM) and categorized borehole data are utilized to define the model of spatial variability in horizontal and vertical direction, respectively, and both are used for soft conditioning of the TProGS simulations. The category probabilities for the SkyTEM data set are derived from a histogram probability matching method, where resistivity is paired with the corresponding lithology from the categorized borehole data. This study integrates two distinct data sources into the stochastic modeling process that represent two extremes of the conditioning density spectrum: sparse borehole data and abundant SkyTEM data. In the latter the data have a strong spatial correlation caused by its high data density, which triggers the problem of overconditioning. This problem is addressed by a work-around utilizing a sampling/decimation of the data set, with the aim to reduce the spatial correlation of the conditioning data set. In the case of abundant conditioning data, it is shown that TProGS is capable of reproducing non-stationary trends. The stochastic realizations are validated by five performance criteria: (1) sand proportion, (2) mean length, (3) geobody connectivity, (4) facies probability distribution and (5) facies probability–resistivity bias. In conclusion, a stochastically generated set of realizations soft-conditioned to 200 m moving sampling of geophysical data performs most satisfactorily when balancing the five performance criteria. The ensemble can be used in subsequent hydrogeological flow modeling to address the predictive uncertainty originating from the geological structure uncertainty.
A coupled Bayesian and fault tree methodology to assess future groundwater conditions in light of climate change
Authors: Huang J. J. , Du M. , McBean E. A. , Wang H. , Wang J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Maintaining acceptable groundwater levels, particularly in arid areas, while protecting ecosystems, are key measures against desertification. Due to complicated hydrological processes and their inherent uncertainties, investigations of groundwater recharge conditions are challenging, particularly in arid areas under climate changing conditions. To assist planning to protect against desertification, a fault tree methodology, in conjunction with fuzzy logic and Bayesian data mining, are applied to Minqin Oasis, a highly vulnerable regime in northern China. A set of risk factors is employed within the fault tree framework, with fuzzy logic translating qualitative risk data into probabilities. Bayesian data mining is used to quantify the contribution of each risk factor to the final aggregated risk. The implications of both historical and future climate trends are employed for temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) to assess water table changes under various future scenarios. The findings indicate that water table levels will continue to drop at the rate of 0.6 m yr−1 in the future when climatic effects alone are considered, if agricultural and industrial production capacity remain at 2004 levels.
Swath altimetry measurements of the mainstem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications
Authors: Wilson M. D. , Durand M. , Jung H. C. , Alsdorf D.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, scheduled for launch in 2020, will provide a step-change improvement in the measurement of terrestrial surface water storage and dynamics. In particular, it will provide the first, routine two-dimensional measurements of water surface elevations. In this paper, we aimed to (i) characterize and illustrate in two-dimensions the errors which may be found in SWOT swath measurements of terrestrial surface water, (ii) simulate the spatio-temporal sampling scheme of SWOT for the Amazon, and (iii) assess the impact of each of these on estimates of water surface slope and river discharge which may be obtained from SWOT imagery. We based our analysis on a "virtual mission" for a 300 km reach of the central Amazon (Solimões) River at its confluence with the Purus River, using a hydraulic model to provide water surface elevations according to SWOT spatio-temporal sampling to which errors were added based on a two-dimension height error spectrum derived from the SWOT design requirements. We thereby obtained water surface elevation measurements for the Amazon mainstem as may be observed by SWOT. Using these measurements, we derived estimates of river slope and discharge and compared them to those obtained directly from the hydraulic model. We found that cross-channel and along-reach averaging of SWOT measurements using reach lengths of greater than 4 km for the Solimões and 7.5 km for Purus reduced the effect of systematic height errors, enabling discharge to be reproduced accurately from the water height, assuming known bathymetry and friction. Using cross-section averaging and 20 km reach lengths, results show Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency values of 0.99 for the Solimões and 0.88 for the Purus, with 2.6 and 19.1% average overall error in discharge, respectively.
A novel self-aligning mechanism to decouple force and torques for a planar exoskeleton joint
Authors: Schorsch J. F. , Keemink A. Q. L. , Stienen A. H. A. , van der Helm F. C. T. , Abbink D. A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The design of exoskeletons is a popular and promising area of research both for restoring lost function and rehabilitation, and for augmentation in military and industrial applications. A major practical challenge to the comfort and usability for exoskeletons is the need to avoid misalignment of the exoskeletal joint with the underlying human joint. Alignment mismatches are difficult to prevent due to large inter-user variability, and can create large stresses on the attachment system and underlying human anatomy. Previous self-aligning systems have been proposed in literature, which can compensate for muscle forces, but leave large residual forces passed directly to the skeletal system. In this paper we propose a new mechanism to reduce misalignment complications. A decoupling approach is proposed which allows large forces to be carried by the exoskeletal system while allowing both the muscle and skeletal joint force presented to the user to be compensated to any desired degree.
Chlorophyll increases off the coasts of Japan after the 2011 tsunami using NASA/MODIS data
Authors: Sava E. , Edwards B. , Cervone G.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Large chlorophyll anomalies are observed after the 2011 Japanese tsunami using the NASA MODIS instrument onboard the TERRA and AQUA satellites. These anomalies are observed both along the eastern coast of Japan, where the tsunami wave hit with maximum force, and in the deep water surrounding the epicentral region. Although both satellites show agreeing spatio-temporal patterns, larger anomalies are detected using the AQUA satellite. A temporal analysis shows increased chlorophyll concentrations immediately after the tsunami, and higher values are observed for nearly one month before reversing to pre-tsunami levels.
Record of Early Toarcian carbon cycle perturbations in a nearshore environment: the Bascharage section (easternmost Paris Basin)
Authors: Hermoso M. , Delsate D. , Baudin F. , Le Callonnec L. , Minoletti F. , Renard M. , Faber A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In order to understand the significance of the worldwide deposition of black shale facies in the Early Toarcian (~ 183 Ma), considerable attention has been drawn to this Early Jurassic sub-stage over the last 3 decades. The discovery of a pronounced negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) within the black shales disrupting the generally positive trend in carbon isotopes has stimulated many studies, particularly with a view to establish the local versus global nature of this major geochemical phenomenon. Here we document the sedimentological and chemostratigraphic evolution of a proximal environment in the Luxembourgian sedimentary area. At Bascharage, Lower Toarcian sediments record the isotopic signature of the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (OAE) by a pronounced positive trend that testifies for widespread anoxia. The expression of the carbon isotope perturbation in this section, however, is unusual compared to adjacent NW European sections. A first −7‰ negative CIE, whose onset is recorded at the top of the tenuicostatum zone, can be assigned to the well-documented and potentially global Toarcian carbon isotope excursion (T-CIE) with confidence using the well-constrained ammonite biostratigraphic framework for this section. In this interval, facies contain only a limited amount of carbonate as a result of intense detrital supply in such a proximal and shallow environment. Stratigraphically higher in the section, the serpentinum zone records a subsequent CIE (−6‰) expressed as four negative steps, each being accompanied by positive shifts in the oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate. The preservation state of coccoliths and calcareous dinoflagellates in the second CIE is excellent and comparable to that observed in under- and overlying strata, so this cannot be an artefact of diagenesis. Considering the nature of this record, and the lack of such a pronounced event in the serpentinum zone in coeval sections in Europe, we hypothesise that this second CIE was caused by local factors. The geochemical record of carbonate with a relatively light carbon and relatively heavy oxygen isotopic composition is compatible with the so-called Küspert model, by which a CIE can be explained by an influx of 12C-rich and cold waters due to upwelling bottom water masses.
Electroretinographic Characteristics in Children with Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome and Early-Onset Retinal Dystrophies
Authors: Kurent Alma , Stirn-Kranjc Branka , Brecelj Jelka
Published: August 2014

Purpose

To differentiate early-onset retinal dystrophies on the basis of electroretinogram (ERG) characteristics in children with infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS).

Methods

Thirty-seven children with INS and early-onset retinal dystrophies were included, with diagnosis according to clinical and ERG findings. Three ERG protocols were used according to the child's age and 17 children were followed with 2 protocols: 27 (mean 2.1 years) were recorded with skin electrodes to flash stimulation, 16 (mean 6.5 years) with skin electrodes to full-field stimulation, and 11 (mean 12.2 years) with HK electrodes to full-field stimulation. The ERGs were compared to those of age-matched controls, with differences significant if p<0.05.

Results

Clinical and electrophysiologic findings were in agreement across all of the children. In nine children with Leber congenital amaurosis, the scotopic and photopic ERGs were not recordable under all protocols. Six children with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) had electronegative scotopic ERG under all protocols, those with complete CSNB had absent rod ERG, and those with incomplete CSNB had reduced rod ERG. Eight children with achromatopsia had nonrecordable photopic and subnormal scotopic ERG under all protocols. The implicit times of the scotopic b-waves were prolonged. One child had blue-cone monochromatism and reduced photopic and normal S-cone ERG. Six children with cone–rod dystrophy without systemic disorder, and seven children with systemic disorder, had affected photopic and scotopic ERGs under all protocols.

Conclusions

In children with INS, some early-onset retinal dystrophies can be differentiated through ERGs, also with skin electrodes.
High failure rate of the R3 metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Dramis Asterios , Clatworthy Elizabeth , Jones Stephen A. , John Alun
Published: August 2014

We report our failures with the use of the R3 metal-on-metal bearing. Forty six patients had an R3 acetabular system metal-on-metal THR in our centre between March 2007 and March 2009. All operations were performed using femoral components and appropriately matched femoral heads manufactured by Smith & Nephew. Twelve patients underwent revision surgery for adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD). The median acetabular inclination was 40 degrees (range 21.1-49.1) and the median acetabular anteversion was 7.5 degrees (range 3.3-10.4). The median serum Cobalt was 9.9 µg/L (range 3.1-45) and the median serum Chromium was 5.8 µg/L (range 1.8-19.3). The time to revision was 39.2 months (range 13-53). Our current failure rate is 24%.
Hip Fractures and Chronic Alcohol Excess: A Series of 7,023 Cases
Authors: Johnston Laura E. , Parker Martyn J.
Published: August 2014

We aim to compare trends in characteristics and outcomes for 131 patients with evidence of excess alcohol intake at the time of admission with a hip fracture against 6,892 hip fracture patients with no evidence of alcohol excess. Alcohol excess was determined by a finding of abnormal liver function tests in association with a history of excessive alcohol consumption. Patients who consumed excess alcohol were younger (64 versus 80 years mean age), more likely to be male (47% versus 22%), smoke cigarettes (54% versus 11%), be more mobile and less likely to use a walking aid (28% versus 46%). They were also more likely to sustain an extracapsular fracture (53% versus 39%) and to be living in their own homes at the time of injury (85% versus 66%). Hypertension and cardiac disease were less common in those with alcohol excess. Postoperatively those with alcohol abuse had a shorter hospital stay (mean nine days versus 16 days) but were at a greater risk of developing deep wound infections (2.3% versus 0.6%). For those patients who sustained intracapsular fractures treated by internal fixation there was an increased risk of fracture non-union occurring (29% versus 16%) but there were no other differences in operative complications.
Gender Difference Does not Affect the Outcomes of Eccentric Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy Used in Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Amano Takafumi , Hasegawa Yukiharu , Seki Taisuke , Yamaguchi Jin , Iwase Toshiki
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Various types of periacetabular osteotomies have been proposed to treat acetabular dysplasia for young and active patients. Acetabular dysplasia is prevalent in women and rare in men, therefore few reports exist concerning periacetabular osteotomy of male patients. The purpose of this study is to clarify the gender differences in surgical techniques, radiographic and clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods

Between 1989 and 2007, we performed 530 eccentric rotational acetabular osteotomies and followed them annually for more than five years. Thirty-six male patients were investigated. As a control group, 72 female patients were matched for age and preoperative stage of osteoarthritis at the time of surgery. We evaluated operative time and blood loss, radiographic parameters, Harris Hip Score (HHS) and survival rate. We investigated the clinical and radiographic differences between men and women.

Results

The mean operative time was 148 min in males and 135 min in females. The bleeding during surgery was 445 g in males and 351 g in females. HHS improved 94.1 points in males and 93.5 points in women postoperatively. The mean CE angle improved 31.7° in males and 35.1° in females. The mean AHI was 90.8% in males and 94.1% in females postoperatively. The survival rate of male patients were 92.8% and that of female patients were 98.1%.

Conclusions

The mean operative time and the blood loss were not significantly different between male and female patients. Postoperative CE angle tended to be smaller in male than female patients. The survival rate was not significantly different between males and females. Gender difference did not affect the clinical outcomes of ERAO in patients with hip dysplasia.
Standing or Supine X-Rays after Total Hip Replacement – When is the Safe Zone Not Safe?
Authors: Au John , Perriman Diana M. , Neeman Teresa M. , Smith Paul N.
Published: August 2014

An acetabular prosthesis orientated outside the ‘safe zone’ is one of the key contributing factors in increasing complications after total hip replacement (THR). Although acetabular orientation is routinely assessed using supine x-rays, standing x-rays have been proposed because a change in body position alters pelvic tilt and therefore acetabular orientation. This study aimed to assess whether acetabular components orientated within the ‘safe zone’ in supine can also be outside the ‘safe zone’ in standing. Thirty patients (12M, 18F) had lateral and antero-posterior pelvic x-rays taken in standing and supine positions six weeks post THR. Pelvic tilt and acetabular orientation (anteversion and inclination) were measured and compared with respect to the limits of the ‘safe zone’. In standing, the pelvis was relatively posteriorly tilted and both acetabular anteversion and inclination increased (p<0.0001). In 16 patients the acetabulum was orientated within the ‘safe zone’ in supine but outside the ‘safe zone’ in standing. Patients were significantly more likely to be outside the ‘safe zone’ in standing than when supine (p<0.0001).
“We Languish in Obscurity” The Silence of God as Atavistic Calvinism in Cormac McCarthy's Fiction
Authors: Essary Kirk
Published: August 2014

God's silence and hiddenness constitute a recurring theme in the works of American novelist Cormac McCarthy, and while this feature of his fiction can at one level be appreciated by considering McCarthy's fiction alongside late-modern literary giants like Melville and Dostoevsky—who dealt often with similar themes—I argue in this essay that McCarthy's God might be more fully understood when considered as falling on (and furthering) a trajectory inaugurated by sixteenth-century Protestant theologian John Calvin.
Repellent Attractions
Authors: MacKendrick Karmen
Published: August 2014

Beauty appears to be a nice thing, complete with the rather tepid quality that the word nice has come to imply. But beauty is also linked with danger, uncertainly, and powerful passion. The “nice” dimension of beauty is underwhelmingly charismatic: the passionate dimension of beauty suggests charisma. This article looks at its tension between fearfulness and peaceful pleasure through the example of saintly bodies and their tendency both to draw our desire to know them, and thereby ourselves, and to repel us in their grotesque openness. Tapping the critical resources of Kant and Rilke as well as medieval hagiography, the article thinks through beauty as charismatic and uncharismatic.
Is Democratic Charisma Thinkable?
Authors: Bromell Nicholas
Published: August 2014

In this article, I argue that the idea of “democratic charisma” is not the oxymoron it first appears to be but is, rather, a term that helps us think about the affective aspects of democratic citizenship and more broadly about the role aesthetics might play in democratic theory. After defining what I understand “charisma” to be, I begin with two historical examples of democratic charisma in U.S. cultural history: Ralph Waldo Emerson's notion of “the great man” in the 1840s–1850s, and the linked notions of black “power,” “beauty,” and “soul” in the 1960s–1970s. I show that despite their obvious differences, these two examples have structural similarities: most important, both have a qualified conception of “freedom” that takes full account of the circumstances that make absolute freedom impossible. Consequently, both locate the aesthetic not in a realm of pure freedom and play but in a space where freedom and necessity, or autonomy and heteronomy, meet.
Sterling's Call to Charisma: Revealing Weber's Spirit in Contemporary Black Ministry
Authors: Manigault-Bryant James A.
Published: August 2014

In this article, I reflect on a series of interviews I conducted with Rev. Rod Sterling, an African American minister with whom I have been in contact for over a decade, to consider Max Weber's conceptualization of charisma. Instead of relying on Weber's writings that explicitly outline the meaning of charisma, I focus on a passage in Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, where he positions Richard Baxter, the seventeenth-century Presbyterian pastor, as a ministerial figure beyond the bounds of modernity's time. Locating Baxter in a different temporality presents for Weber a means of mapping how Baxter's theology becomes secularized into the infamous “Protestant work ethic.” Likewise, Reverend Sterling's experiences of racism in the Presbyterian Church push him out of time and make him a figure of charisma.
Shit White People Say About Beyoncé
Authors: Dubler Joshua
Published: August 2014

The recent Internet meme “Shit X Say,” is a genre that burlesques cultural riffs common to a particular subculture. In this spirit, “Shit White People Say about Beyoncé” identifies key tropes in mainstream middlebrow criticism about the pop superstar as featured in a recent cycle of well-publicized events. These discourses' flagship feature is their declaration of Beyoncé's formal perfection. When scraped at, however, Beyoncé's putative perfection is revealed as the dual vessel for a Nietzschean longing for a sui generis will and a Weberian anxiety about the value of labor for charisma.
ENTRE A ESCOLA E A INCLUSÃO AO CONSUMO: OS DESAFIOS DA CIDADANIA
Authors: GADINI Sérgio Luiz
Published: August 2014

Do Norte ao Sul do Brasil, do Velho Mundo às economias emergentes, uma constatação parece marcar o cotidiano de milhões de pessoas: o acesso facilitado, ainda que parcial e por compras em prestações, aos bens de consumo informativo criou em milhões de usuários uma espécie de ilusão (quase) cidadã, gerada pela expectativa de que ‘estar conectado’ deixaria o contribuinte mais perto de serviços e mesmo produtos, que até pouco tempo pareciam restritos a uma pequena parcela da população. Entre a promessa de inclusão ao consumo e a identificação utilitária e social destes produtos informativos reside o desafio da mídia em (re)pensar o que se entende por condição de cidadania. Entra, aqui, um conceito que visa contribuir para ampliar as condições de acesso e capacidade de compreensão informativa pelos usuários de tais produções: literacia midiática. A partir de alguns exemplos, situações contraditórias e indicadores sociais, o presente texto sugere desafios críticos para construir meios, de fato, voltados à condição de cidadania.
EROTIZAÇÃO PRECOCE: UMA ANÁLISE DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES DA INFÂNCIA NAS PÁGINAS DO SUPLEMENTO INFANTIL FOLHINHA
Authors: GUTJAHR Mayara , JOHN Valquíria Michela
Published: August 2014

Este artigo trata da análise das representações da identidade infantil construída pelo suplemento infantil Folhinha, do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, nas edições publicadas nos meses de janeiro a dezembro de 2010. Esta pesquisa se propôs a verificar de que maneira o respectivo objeto de estudo trabalha com as questões relacionadas à erotização precoce em suas páginas. Como procedimento metodológico para coleta e análise das 51 edições que compuseram o universo desta monografia, foi utilizada a proposta da Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 2010), sendo que a categorização e tematização partiram do conceito de Desenvolvimento Humano, seguindo a proposta de categorização de conteúdo adotada pela Agência de Notícias dos Direitos da Infância (ANDI). Como é na infância que a criança apreende boa parte das experiências que poderão ser resgatadas ao longo da vida, percebeu-se que a Folhinha colabora para a preservação da infância ao não induzir os pequenos à erotização precoce; no entanto, poderia ter aberto mais espaço para os assuntos relacionados à sexualidade das crianças, que muitas vezes utilizam a mídia para sanar suas dúvidas.
COMUNICABILIDADE METAFÓRICA: DO SENSÍVEL À DESIGNAÇÃO
Authors: MARTINS FERREIRA Dina Maria
Published: August 2014

O objetivo desse estudo é tentar demonstrar que o sentido primitivo pode ser entendido como pulsão metafórica da linguagem, que emerge no processo designativo.  Segundo Derrida, o ‘sopro’ é linguagem não articulada, aquela que manifesta o sensível do ser humano, que, buscando realizar-se na linguagem articulada, opera o deslocamento de sentido.  Esse percurso do sensível pode ser retratado pelo movimento respiratório: na inspiração o sopro se faz sentir, e na expiração emerge a fala cuja força designativa expressa o pertencimento identitário.
O DOMÍNIO DO ENTRETENIMENTO NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: COAN Emerson Ike
Published: August 2014

Este artigo versa sobre as bases conceituais para compreender o domínio do entretenimento na contemporaneidade, a partir de sua acepção como elemento da cultura, passando pelos estudos críticos centrados nas noções de indústria cultural e de sociedade do espetáculo até os que se referem ao contexto da sociedade midiatizada, na qual se identifica uma fusão entre as dimensões lúdica e informacional.
O PROGRESSISMO DE PARES DE STEVEN JOHNSON EM UMA SOCIEDADE EM REDE
Authors: FERREIRA SANTOS Gustavo Luiz
Published: August 2014

Resenha do livro "Future Perfect: A case for progress in a conected age" (2012), de Steven Johnson.
A DESESCOLARIZAÇÃO DA SOCIEDADE PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: PACHIONI Miguel Sgarbi
Published: August 2014

O presente texto apresenta a resenha do livro "Sociedade sem escolas", do polímata pensador austríaco Ivan Illich. Nesta obra, publicada originalmente em 1971, o modelo de disciplina escolar universal, amplamente adotado no ocidente, é confrontado com a possibilidade de se desescolarizar as instituições e o modelo de aprendizagem para que, assim, tenha-se a possibilidade de compactuar a verdadeira potencialidade criativa dos educandos com suas habilidades. Com isso, fica evidente a razão pelo qual o autor estrutura seu pensamento em direção a natureza da aprendizagem, para quem educar não é escolarizar e não se faz para todos, mas sim por todos.
Inclusão digital e governo eletrônico no Brasil: após 20 anos, muitos desafios
Authors: BECKER Maria Lúcia
Published: August 2014

O artigo tem como proposta enfocar os vinte anos (1993/94 a 2013/14) de iniciativas de inclusão digital e de projetos e programas de governo eletrônico no Brasil. Este rápido balanço busca contribuir para o debate sobre os desafios da comunicação pública de responsabilidade governamental, em sua relação com a cidadania e a democracia. Para isso, desenvolve-se com base em três procedimentos metodológicos: uma pesquisa documental, uma revisão de literatura e a construção e análise de séries históricas de dados selecionados dentro da base disponibilizada pelo Centro de Estudos sobre as Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (CETIC.Br).
Monitoramento nas Mídias Sociais: Um estudo sobre Comunicação Política e Eleições Presidenciais Brasileiras em 2014
Authors: CORTE REAL Victor Kraide
Published: August 2014

Diante do grande volume de informação propagado atualmente via internet, as pesquisas sobre comunicação política e eleições não podem se restringir aos métodos convencionais de coleta e análise de dados. É necessário que os pesquisadores invistam e tomem contato com novas abordagens a respeito das manifestações postadas a cada segundo nas Redes Sociais Online. Para tanto, devemos recorrer aos modernos e eficazes sistemas de Monitoramento disponíveis no mercado. O presente estudo exemplifica o uso de um desses sistemas.
Expediente
Authors: SILVESTRIN Celsi Brönstrup
Published: August 2014

Editora-chefe:Profª Drª Celsi Brönstrup SilvestrinEditora adjunta:Profª Drª Regiane Regina Ribeiro Colaborador desta edição:Prof. Dr. João Somma Neto Equipe Editorial:Anderson LopesEduardo Covalesky DiasJoão Paulo da SilvaJuliane JuskiMario LamenhaMarcielly MorescoMarcos MarianoThaís MocelinValdecir Bressani
Cidadania ambiental e metacidadanias ecológicas: revisão e alternativas na América Latina
Authors: Gudynas Eduardo
Published: August 2014

Analisam-se as relações entre cidadania e ambiente na América Latina. Prevalece uma postura clássica da cidadania na qual se enfatizam os direitos em que a temática ambiental é, portanto, incorporada como direito de terceira geração. No entanto, a cidadania enfrenta limitações que se traduzem em problemas como uma débil cobertura dos direitos pela qualidade ambiental, além de explicar muitos conflitos ambientais. Parte desses problemas tem sua origem nas reformas de mercado, que promoveram uma concepção de cidadania mínima, e na mercantilização da gestão ambiental. Atualmente, a idéia de uma cidadania ambiental convencional enfrenta muitas resistências: sua cobertura territorial é incompleta e há dificuldades em aceitar a multiculturalidade. Apresenta-se o conceito de metacidadania ecológica para aquelas posturas a partir das quais se elabora outra concepção de cidadania e cuja abordagem ambiental é mais profunda. A diversidade dessas metacidadanias é ilustrada por dois casos distintos: uma sendo a cidadania ecológica baseada em obrigações derivadas da apropriação desigual do espaço ambiental global; a outra sendo a proposta da florestania no Acre (Brasil) como construção de comunidades políticas que mantêm estreitas relações com os ecossistemas locais. Essas metacidadanias implicam uma crítica à modernidade e se desenrolam em múltiplas dimensões, destacando-se suas expressões territoriais; ademais, exigem incorporar o conceito de ontologias relacionais para aceitar outras formas de interação social e ambiental, superando a dualidade entre o humano e a Natureza. A revisão conclui enfatizando a importância da concepção clássica de cidadania ambiental, especialmente por seu papel na gestão e na política ambiental atual; entretanto, alerta para esta que deve permitir, e alentar, o surgimento e o fortalecimento de novas metacidadanias ecológicas.
Ordenamento Territorial no Cerrado brasileiro: da fronteira monocultora a modelos baseados na sociobiodiversidade
Authors: Mazzetto Silva Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2014

O Cerrado brasileiro é uma grande região biogeográfica de extrema riqueza sociocultural e ecológica. Essa riqueza vem sendo ignorada pelo avanço da fronteira agrícola, subordinada, atualmente, ao agron-egócio global das commodities. A gravidade desse processo é ampliada pela invisibilidade dessa riqueza da qual o Cerrado brasileiro é portador. Com o foco da preocupação ambiental voltado para a Amazônia, a destruição do Cerrado vem se dando longe dos olhos da mídia e da opinião pública. Entretanto, existe uma história de convivência de inúmeras comunidades tradicionais com os ecossistemas do Cerrado e de luta pela sobrevivência de seus modos de vida. Uma das expressões desse fato reside nas inúmeras demandas por criação de Reservas Extrativistas (Resex) no domínio do Cerrado. Este artigo destaca a perspectiva da criação dessas Unidades de Conservação (UCs) como um mecanismo importante de reordenamento territorial no Cerrado brasileiro que põe em relevo e revaloriza as invisíveis comunidades tradicionais que constituem o que melhor podemos chamar de Povo do Cerrado. O artigo destaca os processos em curso de criação de sete Resex no cerrado mineiro, dando relevo ao resgate do sentido tradicional que vê, entende e usa as chapadas como Gerais, terras de uso comum, e a outros sentidos contidos nas falas do povo do sertão mineiro.
Espacio, lugar y tiempo: la reapropiación social de la naturaleza y la construcción local de la racionalidad ambiental
Authors: LEFF Enrique
Published: August 2014

Diversidade cultural e preservação das identidades dos povos são fundamentais para viabilizar o desenvolvimento sustentável em escala local e global. Estilos étnicos organizam as práticas de uso da natureza e das populações indígenas e das sociedades camponesas. Assim, a cultura aparece revalorizada como um recurso para o desenvolvimento sustentável. O presente artigo pretende repensar o espaço e o tempo, através de uma racionalidade ambiental que ressignifique a natureza e a cultura, como uma alternativa ao logocentrismo da racionalidade científica e a globalização homogeneizante dominantes. Resumen La diversidad cultural y la preservación de las identidades de los pueblos son fundamentales para viabilizar el desarrollo sustentable a escala local y global. Los estilos étnicos organizan las prácticas de uso de la naturaleza de las poblaciones indígenas y de las sociedades campesinas. Así, la cultura aparece revalorizada como un recurso para el desarrollo sustentable. El propósito del presente artículo es repensar el espacio y el tiempo a través de una racionalidad ambiental que resignifique a la naturaleza y a la cultura, en oposición al logocentrismo de la racionalidad científica y a la globalización homogeneizante dominantes. Abstract Cultural diversity and the preservation of peoples identities are fundamental for making sustainable development at local and global levels viable. The practices of nature use by indigenous people and peasant societies are organized by ethnic styles. Thus, culture acquires new value as a resource for sustainable development. The purpose of this article is to rethink space and time, and to resignify nature and culture in the perspective of an environmental rationality, as an alternative to logocentrism in scientific rationality and dominant homogeneizing globalization.
Strategy for the conservation and sustainable use of Spanish forest genetic resources
Authors: Jiménez P. , Díaz Fernández P. M. , Iglesias S. , Prada A. , García del Barrio J. M. , Alba N. , Alía R.
Published: August 2014

In the last decade, forestry policies in Spain have undergone changes needed to comply with the European and world directives on forest conservation. The elaboration of strategic plans has to take into account the State organization (Central and Autonomous Regional Governments share the responsibilities), resulting in agreed documents, effective at a national level and fulfilling the peculiarities and aspirations of each region. The most recent development has been the elaboration of a Strategy for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Forest Genetic Resources, which can be seen as a consequence of, among other factors, the implementation of the Spanish Strategy for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity along with Spain's participation in the European Forest Genetic Resources Programme. This document arose from the lack of approaches to the conservation of population diversity of forest species in the current policies, and as a means to promote and coordinate activities on conservation and use of genetic resources. The Strategy has been arranged through a participative process involving the ForestAdministration, Research Centres and Universities. The document includes a definition of priorities and proposals of activities, which are mainly focused on optimising the efficiency of existing tools and infrastructures and on increasing synergy among different initiatives. Implementation of the Strategy is expected to occur through the development of National Action Plans. Finally, coordination mechanisms must be enhanced in order to maintain the levels of cooperation achieved during the elaboration process.
Ecology, reproductive biology and conservation of Picris willkommii (Schultz Bip.) Nyman (Asteraceae): an endemic, protected species from therophytic grasslands of South-Western Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Monteagudo Sánchez-Movellán F. J. , Butler Sierra I. , Bastida Milián F.
Published: August 2014

Current knowledge of the biology of Picris willkommii and his grade of threat, seem not to be sufficient to ensure longterm persistence of this plant species endemic to the South-Western Iberian Peninsula. In Spain, main populations of the species are narrowly restricted to therophytic grasslands around the town of Ayamonte, by the Guadiana river drainage. Results of the present study indicate that P. willkommii behaves as a very versatile, colonizing species in most of the habitats of their natural range, where it appears to be well suited to the cyclic disturbance dynamics imposed by local, traditional land uses, i.e. extensive rain-fed agriculture. Moreover, it is easy to grow under controlled conditions. Results could be helpful for conservation and population recovery purposes, as recent changes in land use, shifting from agricultural traditional systems to urban expansion or alternative agricultural systems, pose at risk P. willkommii populations due to habitat loss.
Effects of vibration on stone pine trees (Pinus pinea L.) on the vigor of the trees: crown density, growth shoots and parasites of weak trees
Authors: Martínez-Zurimendi P. , Álvarez J. M. , Pando V. , Domínguez M. , Gordo J. , Finat L. , Sierra-de-Grado R.
Published: August 2014

In the Northwest of Spain the mechanized harvesting of pine cones is more and more frequenIn order to quantify the effects of vibration on the vigor of the trees, parcels of stone pine were planted in plateau and countryside. Both the mechanized and manual harvests were analyzed in adult and young trees. The growth of the tree shoots was measured. The presence and abundance of three insect plagues was analyzed in those same trees: Tomicus piniperda, Rhyacionia buoliana and Thaumetopoea pityocampa. The average shoot length of those trees manually harvested was superior to that of those mechanically harvested. The difference was very significant in young trees (40-50 years old) in the countryside and in adult trees (more than 80 years) on the plateau. Rhyacionia buoliana was more abundant in adult trees that young trees, but the relation of its abundance with the harvest method was not seen. The presence of Tomicus piniperda was rare and was only detected in mechanically harvested stands. Thaumetopoea pityocampa was more frequent in trees harvested by hand than those harvested mechanically and was more abundant in young stands. The percentage tree of defoliation was low in all stands independent of harvest method.
Plant-Mediated Stereoselective Biotransformation of Phenylglyoxylic Acid Esters
Authors: Mączka Wanda Krystyna , Grabarczyk Małgorzata , Winśka Katarzyna , Anioł Mirosław
Published: August 2014

Enantioselective reduction of the carbonyl group of three phenylglyoxylic acid esters (methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl esters, 2 - 4) was conducted using blended plant materials (roots of carrot, beetroot, celeriac and parsley; apple). All used biocatalysts transformed these esters to the corresponding mandelic acid esters with high yield, preferably into the respective R-enantiomer. Butanedione addition improved the enantioselectivity of the reaction.
Biogeochemical control of marine productivity in the Mediterranean Sea during the last 50 years
Authors: Macias Diego , Garcia‐Gorriz Elisa , Piroddi Chiara , Stips Adolf
Published: August 2014

The temporal dynamics of biogeochemical variables derived from a coupled 3‐D model of the Mediterranean Sea are evaluated for the last 50 years (1960–2010) against independent data on fisheries catch per unit effort (CPUE) for the same time period. Concordant patterns are found in the time series of all of the biological variables (from the model and from fisheries statistics), with low values at the beginning of the series, a later increase, with maximum levels reached at the end of the 1990s, and a posterior stabilization. Spectral analysis of the annual biological time series reveals coincident low‐frequency signals in all of them. The first, more energetic signal peaks around the year 2000, while the second, less energetic signal peaks near 1982. Almost identical low‐frequency signals are found in the nutrient loads of the rivers and in the integrated nutrient levels in the surface marine ecosystem. Nitrate concentration shows a maximum level in 1998, with a later stabilization to present‐day values, coincident with the first low‐frequency signal found in the biological series. Phosphate shows maximum concentrations around 1982 and a posterior sharp decline, in concordance with the second low‐frequency signal observed in the biological series. That result seems to indicate that the control of marine productivity (plankton to fish) in the Mediterranean is principally mediated through bottom‐up processes that could be traced back to the characteristics of riverine discharges. The high sensitivity of CPUE time series to environmental conditions might be another indicator of the overexploitation of this marine ecosystem.
Observations of the inner radiation belt: CRAND and trapped solar protons
Authors: Selesnick R. S. , Baker D. N. , Jaynes A. N. , Li X. , Kanekal S. G. , Hudson M. K. , Kress B. T.
Published: August 2014

Measurements of inner radiation belt protons have been made by the Van Allen Probes Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescopes as a function of kinetic energy (24 to 76 MeV), equatorial pitch angle, and magnetic L shell, during late 2013 and early 2014. A probabilistic data analysis method reduces background from contamination by higher‐energy protons. Resulting proton intensities are compared to predictions of a theoretical radiation belt model. Then trapped protons originating both from cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) and from trapping of solar protons are evident in the measured distributions. An observed double‐peaked distribution in L is attributed, based on the model comparison, to a gap in the occurrence of solar proton events during the 2007 to 2011 solar minimum. Equatorial pitch angle distributions show that trapped solar protons are confined near the magnetic equator but that CRAND protons can reach low altitudes. Narrow pitch angle distributions near the outer edge of the inner belt are characteristic of proton trapping limits.
Apraxia in anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase–associated stiff person syndrome: Link to corticobasal degeneration?
Authors: Bowen Lauren N. , Subramony S.H. , Heilman Kenneth M.
Published: August 2014

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is associated with asymmetrical rigidity as well as asymmetrical limb‐kinetic and ideomotor apraxia. Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is characterized by muscle stiffness and gait difficulties. Whereas patients with CBS have several forms of pathology, many patients with SPS have glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD‐ab), but these 2 disorders have not been reported to coexist. We report 2 patients with GAD‐ab–positive SPS who also had signs suggestive of CBS, including asymmetrical limb rigidity associated with both asymmetrical limb‐kinetic and ideomotor apraxia. Future studies should evaluate patients with CBS for GAD‐ab and people with SPS for signs of CBS. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:173–176
Simple Sulfinate Synthesis Enables CH Trifluoromethylcyclopropanation
Authors: Gianatassio Ryan , Kawamura Shuhei , Eprile Cecil L , Foo Klement , Ge Jason , Burns Aaron C. , Collins Michael R. , Baran Phil S.
Published: August 2014

A simple method to convert readily available carboxylic acids into sulfinate salts by employing an interrupted Barton decarboxylation reaction is reported. A medicinally oriented panel of ten new sulfinate reagents was created using this method, including a key trifluoromethylcyclopropanation reagent, TFCS‐Na. The reactivity of six of these salts towards CH functionalization was field‐tested using several different classes of heterocycles.
TRANSCRIPTOME AND TISSUE‐SPECIFIC EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF OBP AND CSP GENES IN THE DARK BLACK CHAFER
Authors: Ju Qian , Li Xiao , Jiang Xiao‐Jing , Qu Ming‐Jing , Guo Xiao‐Qiang , Han Zhao‐Jun , Li Fei
Published: August 2014

The dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela, is an economically important pest in China and worldwide. Traps based on chemical communication are being developed as an alternative control measure to pesticides for this pest, and studies to reveal chemical communication mechanisms in this pest are highly desirable. To systematically analyze genes potentially involved in chemical communication in this pest, we generated a comprehensive transcriptome with combined samples derived from multiple tissues and developmental stages. A total of 43,967 nonredundant sequences (unigenes) with average length of 806 bp were obtained. These unigenes were annotated into different pathways using gene ontology analysis and cluster analysis of orthologous groups of proteins, and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. In total, 25 transcripts encoding odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) and 16 transcripts encoding chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified based on homology searches. Tissue‐specific expression profile indicates that OBP17 and CSP7 are likely responsible for male sex pheromone recognition, whereas OBP1–4, OBP9, OBP13–14, OBP17–18, OBP20, OBP22, OBP25, CSP1–7, CSP11, and CSP12–15 are likely responsible for chemical communication between the beetle and environments. Our data shall provide a foundation for further research on the molecular aspects of chemical communication of this insect, and for comparative genomic studies with other species.