bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical characterisation and in vitro assessment of two mushroom stalks as prebiotics for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Adejonwo Oluwakemi Abimbola , Omitoyin Bamidele Oluwarotimi , Ogunwole Olugbenga Adeniran , Ajani Emmanuel Kolawole , Omitoyin Siyanbola Adewumi
Published: July 2021

The potentials of mushroom stalks as supplements in aqua-feeds have been grossly underutilised. Stalk meals of two Pleurotus species were analysed for proximate composition, fibre fractions, mineral and phytochemical constituents. In vitro digestibility and fermentability were assessed using caecal digesta from Clarias gariepinus (n = 108; weight: 138 ± 10.8 g). Stalks of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus ostreatus were air-dried at ambient room temperature and milled. Pleurotus ostreatus contained higher (P < 0.05) moisture, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre than P. pulmonarius stalks which had higher (P < 0.05) nitrogen-free extract. Pleurotus ostreatus had higher (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose but lower (P > 0.05) hemicellulose than P. pulmonarius. Except in manganese and iron content, P. ostreatus contained higher (P < 0.05) sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, copper and zinc than P. pulmonarius. Both stalks contained flavonoids, phlobatannin, terpenoid, cardiac glycosides, steroids and antraquinone. Substrate loss was higher (P < 0.05) in P. pulmonarius (0.20 g) than P. ostreatus (0.15 g). Maximum rate of gas production was more (P < 0.05) for P. pulmonarius (0.16 mL/h) at 4.96 hours compared to 0.04 mL/h at 6.04 hours for P. ostreatus. Both stalk meals were partially resistant to in vitro digestibility and were fermentable. Hence, they possess favourable prebiotics characteristics and can be used as supplement in aqua feed.
Impact of circular economy as the EU’s ambitious policy
Authors: Fric Urška
Published: July 2021

The article describes the role of legislative and legal framework which brought about a new approach to waste management through the concept of circular economy, and its drivers. We explicitly focus on the impact of ambitious EU environmental policy and its financial support from the European Commission (EC) which helped social actors recognize not only the ecological, but also the economic and social benefits of the circular economy. Over 50 actions under the “Circular Economy Action Plan” launched in 2015 have been delivered or are being implemented in this period in European Union (EU). Through overview of the EU’s ambitious policy, best practice of the circular economy in the world and status quo in circular economy at EU level we also show the circular economy is nowadays a crucial megatrend and there is still needed to increase up action at EU level, provide the competitive advantage it brings to EU economy and close the loop. Beside impact of ambitious EU environmental policy article focuses on the Cultural Political Economy (CPE) approach as a political economy approach with the purpose for explaining the role of legislative and legal framework as a mechanism for selection and retention of the paradigm of circular economy.
Social change in contemporary Nigeria: A theoretical discourse
Authors: Oludele Solaja Mayowa
Published: July 2021

This paper examines social change in Nigeria between 1960 and 2015 using the theoretical stance of some classical and contemporary theories of change. Also, the paper focuses on the interpretation of the process of social change in terms of what makes change happen, the characteristics of change and managing change in a given society. The explanatory research design was employed in explaining the socio-cultural, political and economic dimensions of change in Nigeria. The paper concludes that the dynamics and realities of social change in Nigeria could best be explained and understood through a triangulation of change theories with strong empirical roots in sociology.
Construction of symbolic equality in Norwegian political rituals
Authors: Anistratenko Svetlana
Published: July 2021

How is equality expressed in political rituals? How do we know whether we are witnessing equality? How is equality connoted symbolically? Such questions consider the appearance of a phenomenon that, probably, does not yet exist. This article aims at exploring symbolic constructions of equality in Norwegian political rituals from the theoretic standpoints of intersectionality and democratic equality. To achieve this aim, I analyze symbolism of three ritual dimensions: surroundings, participants’ actions and time (use and division). The methodological tools are ethnographic observation and interpretation. My analysis indicates that, in the Norwegian political context, equality manifests in symbols of transparency, openness, availability, solidarity, care, love and access to power possessors for citizens. These symbols are embedded in habitual forms of punctuality, physical contact, singing and emotional expression.
Activation, Non-Take-Up, and the Sense of Entitlement: A Swiss Case Study of Disability Policy Reforms
Authors: Rosenstein Emilie
Published: July 2021

Based on the case of the Swiss disability insurance (DI), the article questions the impact of activation on the (non-)take-up of social policies. It investigates the aim and content of activation policies (as found in official texts and discourses) and their subjective perception among recipients. Inspired by Kerr’s model and Hobson’s notion of “sense of entitlement”, analysis reveals the paradoxical outcomes of DI reforms. It underlines the importance of the subjective dimension of entitlements in the sociological understanding of non-take-up.
The Asian Vision of Mission Today
Authors: Amaladoss Michael
Published: July 2021

Proclaiming the Good News of Jesus is the centrality of every Christian mission. This proclamation becomes dialogical through the integrating process of cosmic and metacosmic religions which facilitates the salvific divine-human encounter. The Church has come to realize this process only progressively. It is necessary to understand and to accept this process and this new vision, especially in the context of globalization, which has, increasingly, also a religious dimension. The Asian vision of mission seems relevant across the world as Hindu and Buddhist gurus make their ethical presence felt globally, particularly in Europe and North America. The ultimate goal of mission is the Kingdom of God and the Church as its symbol and servant. We recognize today that the Church is a co-pilgrim, together with other religions, who are fellow pilgrims towards this Kingdom. We are then called to dialogue and collaborate with people around the world. In this process, the Church is called to be in dialogue always with the poor, the cultures and the other religions.
A Eclesiologia do Vaticano II: antecedentes e deslocamentos histórico-teológicos
Authors: Lima Degislando Nobrega , Silva Pedro Igor Leite da
Published: July 2021

A eclesiologia do Concílio Vaticano II rompe com um caminho teológico que era fundado muito mais na filosofia grega que na experiência bíblica. Sua grande conquista será a redescoberta da dimensão mistérico-trinitária da comunidade eclesial que abre caminhos para uma perspectiva sinodal e missionária, tendo como base comum, em primeiro lugar, o batismo e não a hierarquia. O presente artigo analisará, a partir de uma visão panorâmica, os antecedentes histórico-teológicos do Concílio, os deslocamentos que nasceram e ganharam corpo em documentos ricos de profecia e, por fim, apresentará os variados desdobramentos abertos no pensar, no agir e no celebrar eclesiais que, por sua vez, conferem ao Concílio um caráter de bússola para a Igreja.
Alterações no sistema nervoso central e suas manifestações neuropsiquiátricas em pacientes pós COVID-19
Authors: Amorim Talita Miranda de , Mendes Anne Caroline Rogienfisz , Correa Carolina de Souza Fernandes , Ramalho Fernando Lonardelli Saraiva , Silveira Igor Andrade , Souza Mariana Medeiros de , Magalhães Thainara de Oliveira , Rosendo Sofia Soares , Cruz Samara Darissi , Guzella Manoel Victor Vasconcelos Miranda
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Discutir as alterações neurológicas e psiquiátricas em pacientes pós COVID-19, a partir de uma revisão narrativa sobre o tema, relacionando os acometimentos causados pelo vírus no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) e suas manifestações neuropsiquiátricas. Revisão bibliográfica: A Covid-19 trata-se de uma infecção respiratória aguda grave de alta transmissibilidade causada por uma nova espécie de coronavírus, denominada SARS-CoV-2 que tem o pulmão como órgão de predileção. Além disso, os vírus também podem penetrar no SNC e causar diversas patologias neurológicas e manifestações neuropsiquiátricas como, por exemplo, acidente vascular, convulsões, encefalite, ansiedade, depressão. É evidente ainda o desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais que estão relacionados, principalmente, ao isolamento e distanciamento social ocasionados pela pandemia. Considerações finais: É de extrema importância o acompanhamento neuropsiquiátrico durante e após a infecção pelo COVID-19, a fim de realizar uma intervenção precoce e dessa forma, poder melhorar o prognóstico dos indivíduos acometidos pelo vírus. Entretanto, essas alterações tratam-se de um tema recente no escopo da medicina e ainda há muito o que ser estudado pelos pesquisadores.
Doença celíaca: repercussões do diagnóstico tardio
Authors: Fernandes Isabela Bianca Rodrigues , Costa Carla Moreira da , Oliveira Cecília Faria de , Soares Fernando Augusto Maciel , Miranda Gustavo Marques , Silva Lucas Gabriel de Moraes , Sousa Lucas Gomes Teixeira de , Oliveira Marvin Michelon de , Novacki Raquel Araújo Lucas , Gardone Danielle Soares
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Discutir, a partir da revisão da literatura atual sobre o tema, as recomendações para o diagnóstico da Doença Celíaca (DC), bem como seus principais dificultadores e as consequências associadas ao diagnóstico tardio desta enteropatia. Revisão bibliográfica: Pesquisas epidemiológicas recentes têm mostrado que a DC pode acometer indivíduos de todo o mundo, de diferentes gêneros, etnias e idades, refutando a crença de ser uma doença característica da infância, como era postulado anteriormente. Entretanto, sua ampla variedade clínica, com ausência de manifestações exclusivas à essa patologia, dificultam sua identificação precoce. Dessa forma, os estudos mostram que o diagnóstico tardio associa-se a uma vasta gama de complicações, que prejudicam o bem estar e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Considerações finais: É de suma importância a capacitação e atualização dos profissionais da saúde sobre a sintomatologia e métodos diagnósticos da DC, de forma a identificar e tratar essa patologia em um menor tempo, minimizando, assim, as comorbidades associadas ao diagnóstico tardio.
«Severe style» Romantics: Dashi-Nima Dugarov and Athanasius Osipov
Authors: Хабарова М.В.
Published: July 2021

В стремительной смене событий, в обстановке партийных съездов, идеологических постановлений, тематических выставок происходило становление и развитие целого поколения художников конца 60х 70х годов. К этому поколению принадлежат академики Афанасий Осипов и ДашиНима Дугаров, мастера сурового стиля .

In a rapidly changing events in a climate of party congresses, ideological decisions, subject exhibitions the establishment and development of a whole generation of artists of the late 60s 70s went on. Academics Athanasius Osipov and DashiNima Dugarov belong to to this generation, masters of severe style.
Siberian Neo-Archaic
Authors: Галыгина О.М.
Published: July 2021

Автор статьи представляет обзор Международного художественного проекта Сибирская неоархаика (2014, Новосибирск).

The author of the article presents a review of the Siberian NeoAarchaic International Art Project (2014, Novosibirsk).
«Watercolour. Traditions and modernity»: exhibition review
Authors: Белокурова С.М.
Published: July 2021

В статье представлен обзор выставки Акварель. Традиции и современность (Новосибирск, 2015). Организаторами выставки выступили Новосибирский государственный художественный музей, Региональное отделение Урала, Сибири и Дальнего Востока Российской академии художеств, Союз художников России.

The article presents a review of the exhibition Watercolor. Traditions and modernity (Novosibirsk, 2015). The exhibition was organized by the Novosibirsk State Art Museum, the Regional Department of the Urals, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Academy of Arts, the Union of Artists of Russia.
Poetics of the female image in the artworks of Z. Uyanga
Authors: Белокурова С.М.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена одной из наиболее важных тем в творчестве ведущего монгольского графика Зоригт Уянги. Так называемая женская серия в творчестве художницы представляется одной из значимых. Именно в этой серии можно увидеть несколько творческих удач З. Уянги. В статье предпринята попытка анализа нескольких работ в серии.

The article is devoted to one of the most important topics in the works of the leading Mongolian graphic artist Zorigt Uyanga. The so called female series in the artist’s work seems to be one of the most significant. It is in this series that one can see several creative successes of Z. Uyanga. The article attempts to analyze several works in the series.
Dmitry Tugarinov’s exhibition: traditions and modernity
Authors: Тугаринова С.Д.
Published: July 2021

16 февраля в Москве в залах Российской Академии художеств открылась выставка скульптора Дмитрия Никитовича Тугаринова, действительного члена РАХ, заслуженного художника РФ, лауреата премии Московского комсомола. Масштабная экспозиция, занявшая 10 залов и включившая в себя около 350 скульптурных произведений, приурочена к 60-летнему юбилею мастера. Также в одном из залов были экспонированы работы супруги Тугаринова скульптора Афины Георгиевны Попандопуло. Она известна неповторимыми портретными образами, а также использованием инновационных технологий и пластических методик в жанре портрета.

The exhibition of the sculptor Dmitry Nikitovich Tugarinov, the full member of the Russian Academy of Art, the honored artist of Russian Federation, Moscow Komsomol prizewinner, was opened on 16 February in Moscow halls of the Russian Academy of Arts. The largescale exhibition, occupied 10 halls and included about 350 works of sculpture, is timed to coincide with the foremans diamond anniversary. There were also exhibited the works of Tugarinovs wife, whose name is Afina Georgiyevna Popandopulo, in one of the halls. She is famous for her inimitable portrait images and for the using of the innovative technologies and the plastic techniques in the genre of portrait.
The unique exhibition «Calligraphics»
Authors: Белокурова С.М.
Published: July 2021

В декабре 2015 года в Музее художника Бориса Ряузова в Красноярске проходила уникальная выставка необычного вида графики, пока не имеющего точного названия. Один из первопроходцев этого направления известный омский художник Андрей Машанов.

The unique exhibition of the unusual kind of graphic arts, so far has not its exact name, took place in the Museum of the artist Boris Ryauzov in Krasnoyarsk in December 2015. One of the first pioneers of this art movement is the famous Omsk artist Andrey Mashanov.
Inspired by the sea
Authors: Даценко А.А.
Published: July 2021

Николай Максимович Штуккенберг принадлежит к славной плеяде художников, которые стояли у истоков приморской живописи, формировали специфику дальневосточного пейзажа. Родился Николай Максимович в 1880 году в Петербурге. В 1885-м семья переехала в Тверь. И только в 1907 году Штуккенберг, будучи уже капитаном дальнего плавания, вернулся в родной город. С зимы того же года до 1910-го с увлечением посещал живописное отделение Императорской академии художеств в качестве вольнослушателя[1].  Но в 1913 году занятия были прерваны: по личному приглашению начальника Владивостокского торгового порта капитан Штуккенберг повел ледокол «Добрыня Никитич» во Владивосток. С этого времени его служба, жизнь и творчество навсегда связаны с Дальним Востоком. Здесь Николай Штуккенберг заявил о себе и как умелый капитан, и как художник – замечательный пейзажист, автор морских пейзажей.

Nikolai Maksimovich Shtukkenberg belongs to the glorious pleiad of artists who stood at the origins of Primorye's painting, formed the specificity of the Far Eastern landscape. Nikolai Maximovich was born in 1880 in St. Petersburg. In 1885 the family moved to Tver. And only in 1907 Shtukkenberg, already a captain of distant voyages, returned to his native city. Since winter of the same year until 1910, he was enthusiastically visiting the painting department of the Imperial Academy of Arts as an auditor. But in 1913 classes were interrupted: at the personal invitation of Vladivostok Commercial Port, Captain Stukkenberg led the Dobrynia Nikitich icebreaker to Vladivostok. Since that time his duty, life and work are forever connected with the Far East. Here Nikolai Shtukkenberg declared himself as a skilful captain, and as an artist – a wonderful landscape painter, the author of seascapes.
Уссурийская городская организация ВТОО «Союз художников России»: к вопросу об истории развития
Authors: Зотова О.И.
Published: July 2021

Уссурийск является вторым художественным центром Приморского края. Художественные традиции здесь были заложены еще в 1940-х годах. Уссурийская организация ВТОО «Союз художников России» образовалась 20 июня 1943 года как отделение Приморской организации Союза художников России. 12 марта 1944 года организация открыла первую выставку уссурийских художников. За эти годы в Уссурийске сформировалась плеяда ярких живописцев, которые внесли и вносят большой вклад в развитие изобразительного искусства Дальнего Востока.

Ussuriysk is the second artistic center of Primorsky region. Artistic traditions were laid here in 1940-ies. Ussuri branch of «Union of artists of Russia» was formed on 20 June 1943 as the office of Primorsky branch of Union of artists of Russia. 1-th exhibition of artists was opened on March 12, 1944. Over the years in Ussuriysk formed group of brilliant artists who made and make a great contribution to the development of fine arts of the Far East.
Life of clairvoyant of decadence: introduction in the biography of Alfred Kubin
Authors: Кушнарева А.В.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена биографии малоизученного в России австрийского художника, иллюстратора и писателя Альфреда Кубина. Художник был участником таких творческих объединений, как «Новое мюнхенское художественное объединение» и «Синий всадник». Василий Кандинский восхищался его творчеством и ставил Кубина в ряд с известными символистами, в частности, с Морисом Метерлинком. Кубин проявил себя как плодотворный художник, он издал несколько альбомов печатной графики, а также проиллюстрировал несколько десятков книг, среди которых произведения Ф.М. Достоевского, Н.В. Гоголя, Э. По, Гофмана, Жана Поля, Георга Тракля, Вольтера, Бальзака, Флобера, Г.Х. Андерсена и других. На русском языке книги, проиллюстрированные Кубиным, не издавались, за исключением его собственного романа «Другая сторона», впервые опубликованного на русском языке в 2000 году. Данная статья является первым шагом на пути изучения творчества художника и представляет биографический материал, собранный из различных немецко- и англоязычных источников.

The article is about a biography of insufficiently explored in Russia Austrian artist, illustrator and writer Alfred Kubin. The artist was a member of art groups as the «New Munich Art Association» and the «Blue Rider». Wassily Kandinsky admired his work and put Kubin in line with the well-known Symbolists, especially with Maurice Maeterlinck. Kubin has a prolific artist, he has published several albums of prints and illustrated dozens of books, including works of Dostoevsky, Gogol, Poe, Hoffmann, Jean Paul, Georg Trakl, Voltaire, Balzac, Flaubert, Andersen and others. A books illustrated by Kubin is not published in Russia, except for his own novel «The Other Side», was first published in Russian in 2000. This article is the first step in the study of Alfred Kubin creativity. This is a biographical entry based on a variety of sources in German and English.
Graphic arts of P.I. Basmanov in the collection of the State Art Museum of Altai Krai
Authors: Сидорова О.В.
Published: July 2021

Ленинградский художник Павел Иванович Басманов (1906–1993), родившийся на Алтае и воспевший Алтай в десятках сотен своих произведений, известен также как коллекционер русской и советской графики. Более восьмидесяти произведений из коллекции Басманова хранится в Государственном художественном музее Алтайского края. Это отечественная графика XIX–XX веков: акварели Бориса Кустодиева, уникальная графика Елизаветы Кругликовой, литографии Льва Бакста, Павла Кузнецова, Николая Тырсы, Алексея Пахомова, Георгия Верейского, Владимира Конашевича, Павла Митурича и Юрия Васнецова, книжная графика Константина Рудакова и Леонида Хижинского, эстампы Дмитрия Митрохина, Андрея Гончарова, Вадима Фалилеева. Статья рассказывает об отношениях, связывавших Павла Басманова с авторами работ, повествует об истории создания и бытования ряда произведений из музейной коллекции Басманова, воссоздает хронологию поступления работ в фонды ГХМАК.

Leningrad painter Pavel Ivanovich Basmanov (1906–1993) was born in the Altai Krai, which was praised by him in tens of thousands paintings. Basmanov is also famous as a collector of Russian and Soviet graphic arts. More than eighty paintings from Basmanov's collection are reposited in the State Art Museum of Altai Krai. There is domestic graphic arts of XIX–XX centuries: watercolors by Boris Kustodiev, unique graphic arts by Elizaveta Kruglikova, lithographies by Lev Bakst, Pavel Kuznetsov, Nikolai Tyrsa, Aleksei Pachomov, Georgiy Vereyskiy, Vladimir Konashevich, Pavel Miturich and Yuriy Vasnetsov, book graphics by Konstantin Rudakov and Leonid Khizhinskiy, prints of Dmitriy Mitrichin, Andrey Goncharov, Vadim Falileev. The article is about relationships, united Pavel Basmanov and creators of works listed above. It also tells us about the history of creation and existence of a number of works from the museum collection of Basmanov and recreates the chronology of receipt of works in the funds of the State Art Museum of Altai Krai.
«Through the centuries»: memorial complex in Tbilisi by Zurab Tsereteli
Authors: Ржевская Е.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассказывается о мемориальном комплексе «Летопись Грузии», возведенном в Тбилиси по проекту народного художника СССР и РФ, президента Российской академии художеств З.К. Церетели. Дается описание исторического места, основных элементов многофигурной уникальной композиции. Рассказывается о творческом методе З.К. Церетели, глубоком погружении в историю Грузии и создании образов выдающихся личностей, сыгравших ключевую роль в духовном и государственном становлении древнейшей кавказской страны: Святая Равноапостольная Нина (IV в.) – просветительница Грузии, Мириан III – Святой Мириан – царь Иберии, Вахтанг Горгасали (ок. 457-502), царица Тамара, чей образ вдохновлял Шота Руставели. Жемчужиной ансамбля является храм в честь Благовещения Пресвятой Богородицы.

The article tells about the memorial complex «Chronicle of Georgia», designed in Tbilisi on the project of the People's Artist of the USSR and Russia, President of the Russian Academy of Arts Z.K. Tsereteli. The description of the historical place, the main elements of the multi-figure unique composition is given here. It tells about the creative method of Zurab Tsereteli, the deep immersion in the history of Georgia and the creation of images of outstanding personalities who played a key role in the spiritual and state formation of the ancient Caucasian country: Saint Nino (IV century) – educator of Georgia, Mirian III – Saint Mirian – king of Iberia , Vakhtang Gorgasali (circa 457-502), the queen Tamara, whose image inspired Shota Rustaveli. The pearl of the ensemble is a church dedicated to the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin.
Happy artist Lyudmila Nikitina (for the artist's anniversary)
Authors: Романова Е.О.
Published: July 2021

В статье дается очерк жизни и творчества художницы Людмилы Николаевны Никитиной.

The article gives an essay on the life and work of the artist Lyudmila Nikitina.
Siberian-Far Eastern branch of the Academy of Arts of the USSR, first years
Authors: Безызвестных Е.Ю.
Published: July 2021

Региональное отделение Академии художеств СССР (ныне России) было создано в 1987 году, в сложный переходный период, названный перестройкой. Первые годы работы Сибирско-Дальневосточного отделения в Красноярске были окрашены романтическим стремлением внести максимальную лепту в жизнь не только региона, но и всей огромной страны. На этой волне создавался художественный институт, творческие мастерские Академии, организовывались раз в полгода масштабные мероприятия – выставки, всесоюзные и всероссийские конференции и семинары, которые собирали художников, архитекторов, искусствоведов из разных регионов России и республик Советского Союза. Тогда были заложены многие основы для успешной деятельности отделения: налажены культурные связи между регионами Сибири и Дальнего Востока, создана библиотека и фонд произведений ведущих художников страны.

 The Regional Department of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (now – Russia) in Krasnoyarsk was set up in 1987 during the hard transitional period of ‘perestroika’. First years of work of the Siberian-Far Eastern Department were coloured with romantic yearning for contributing its greatest share to artistic life of not only the region but also of the whole country. In this atmosphere the Art Institute, artists’ workshops of the Academy were founded, twice a year there were great events – All-Union and All-Russia conferences and seminars with participation of artists, architects and art critics from different regions of Russia and republics of the former Soviet Union. It is at that time the foundations of the successful activities of the Department were laid down: connections between the regions of Siberia and Far East were set going, a library and collection of works of leading artists of the country were created.
Moral Dilemmas and the Environment: The Hebrew Bible and the Literature of Industry
Authors: Aberbach David
Published: July 2021

Moral dilemmas are central in the literary genre of protest against the effects of industry, particularly in Romantic literature and “Condition of England” novels. Writers from the time of the Industrial Revolution to the present – William Blake, Elizabeth Gaskell, Charles Dickens, Emile Zola, Henrik Ibsen, Anton Chekhov, T.S. Eliot and John Steinbeck – follow the Bible in presenting environmental pollution and calamity in moral terms, and as a consequence of human agency. Dire implications for the environment are equally evident in literature of national rivalry and the misanthropic tradition.
Climate Change as Apocalypse
Authors: Oegema Gerbern S.
Published: July 2021

The last couple of decades have revealed numerous consequences related to pollution and the impact of climate change. Natural disasters seem to have become part of our daily landscape; less than two years ago the whole continent of Australia was consumed by devastating forest fires, the Western part of the United States also experienced one of its worst wildfires in almost a century, while the ice cap in the North pole is melting and the permafrost of the Canadian and Russian tundra is disappearing. How can we deny the impacts of climate change as all of these catastrophes are unfolding before our very eyes? This conscious awareness of our planet’s rapid deterioration has generated a number of movies and fictional novels about the coming apocalypse, dystopian society and the end of the world. Demonstrating that there is a growing sentiment of worry and anxiety for the future of the planet and of humankind. In this article I propose to examine the anxieties surrounding the impact of climate change and its potential connection the apocalyptic literature.
Improving efficiency of car transportation in extreme north conditions in russian federation
Authors: Kulikov A. V. , Firsova S. Y. , Dorokhina V. S.
Published: July 2021

Introduction.A quarter of the world’s natural gas and oil reserves are located in the Far North of the Russian Federation. Only with reliable and efficient transportation support is it possible to successfully develop and exploit deposits in hard-to-reach areas. The main factor in increasing the efficiency of road transport and reducing the transport component in the cost of oil and gas is the growth of productivity of vehicles. The paper considers and analyzes the sources of productivity growth of the mobile unit (MU). The characteristics of the organization of work of winter roads in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area) are considered. Winters are characterized by three main characteristics: operation duration, location, use of season duration. The activities of one of the major carriers, IE (individual entrepreneur) V.N. Anokhin, have been analysed. The carrier serves six major deposits and four material supply bases. It is highlighted that the main range of transportation is steel pipes. The transport problem was solved in which consumers were optimally assigned to pipe suppliers. For calculations, the route Korotchaevo base was chosen the Pyakyakhinskoye deposit, with a traffic volume of 2800 tons. Rolling stock was selected, the optimal method for placing pipes on the MU platform was found. The minimum number of rides for transporting the entire volume of pipes has been determined. A technological design and technological schemes for the transported cargo have been developed. The influence of technical and operational indicators on the performance of MU; The economic effect of the proposed activities is calculated.

Materials and methods.The work explores the technology and organization of pipe transportation on routes to the conditions of the Far North of the Russian Federation. In order to increase the efficiency of road transport, we used the methodology for choosing a rational rolling stock and a method for placing pipes on the MU platform; methodology for determining the optimal number of rides for the transportation of a given volume of pipes; methodology for assessing the impact of technical and operational indicators on the productivity of MU.

Results.The economic effect of the implementation of the optimal technological scheme and the organization of pipe transportation in the conditions of the Far North of the Russian Federation is 38,846 rubles per trip. The transportation on an improved winter road allows the use of higher-capacity MU (37 tons) and makes it possible to transport at an increased average speed of up to 20 km/h. Recommended activities allow to increase the productivity of MU from 0.287 t/h to 1.156 t/h.

Discussion and conclusions. Measures were developed to improve the efficiency of road transport in the Far North of the Russian Federation. The results of the work are used in the organization of transportation of pipes on the enterprise under consideration.
Study of stability loss of cylindrical shell made of composite material
Authors: Adegova L. A. , Bobrysheva M. V. , Scherbinina A. E.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Composite materials are used in the construction of transport infrastructure facilities, buildings and structures for various purposes, in housing and communal services. Calculation of structures made of composite materials is used in the field of stress-strain state, buckling, analysis of material under tension, the effect of cracks on the state of these structures. The main properties of composite materials and a method of manufacturing a cylindrical shell structure from a composite material are considered. The total number of winding options is calculated using the combinatorial method.

Materials and methods. A composite cylindrical shell with a radius of R = 300 mm and a height of H = 600 mm was chosen as the object of research. The creation of a model of a cylindrical shell in a finite element analysis package is described. An axial compressive load acting on the shell with a force of F = 100 kN is specified. Determination of the critical force ratio.

Results. The results of the analysis of the loss of stability of the cylindrical shell are obtained and the graphs of the dependence of the critical force on the options for laying the layers are presented. Depending on the magnitude of the critical force and the form of buckling, the most and least favorable options for laying layers in a composite material package have been determined.

Discussion and conclusions. A conclusion is made of the dependence of the critical force on the combination of stacking layers in the composite.
Alternative education in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Schoone Adrian
Published: July 2021

Secondary students who become disenfranchised from mainstream schools are directed to attend Alternative Education (AE) centres. AE was a grassroots’ initiative in the 1990s led by youth organisations, iwi, community social service agencies and churches to meet the education and pastoral needs of rangatahi. Due to the tenuous links held between AE and the mainstream system and with no government policy work occurring within the sector for the decade prior to 2009, the sector struggled for adequate resourcing and professional recognition. Through a poetic inquiry approach this paper explores three key AE government policy directions over a ten-year period, from 2009 to 2019. Unbuckling prose found within official documents, concrete (visual) poems were created to perform a critical reading of policy. The policy poems form a narrative arc that show the discrediting of AE providers and demonising of students in AE has recently given way to more hopeful directions in policy.
Whakapapa Investment Philosophy: A Māori Way Of Thinking About Investment
Authors: Tunui Brian
Published: July 2021

Māori investment organisations are an influential component of the Māori economy, and yet little is known or written about them and how they function. The thesis will examine three Māori investment organisations and explore their investment philosophy, the elements they consider in their investment decision-making, their decision-making style, and the influence tikanga Māori has in the investment decision. My thesis focusses on Māori investment organisations which invest and manage collectively owned assets for the benefit of Māori people.

The thesis will offer a unique view of Māori investment practices through a whakapapa lens. Each of the three case studies draws on a combination of elements, and highlights areas where a whakapapa investment philosophy is at work. The thesis also discusses a decision-making style that is consistent with a whakapapa investment philosophy.

Kaupapa Māori research is the overarching research methodology used and is combined with inductive and qualitative grounded theory methods. A collective case study approach is used to provide insights into a particular phenomenon occurring within the chosen organisations and to identify the emergence of ideas amongst current practices. The thesis focuses on three investment organisations, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, Wakatū Incorporation and Poutama Trust.

A whakapapa investment philosophy privileges a Māori worldview and offers Māori investment organisations another way to think about investing that considers their history, relationships, knowledge, tikanga, behaviours, and aspirations alongside financial, economic, social and environmental elements. I suggest it will enhance our knowledge of the elements that influence Māori investment organisations, and enhance their ability to provide for their people to live well.
INTOLERABLE ACTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAW RELATING TO ONLINE CHILD PORNOGRAPHY IN UGANDA
Authors: Solomon Rukundo
Published: July 2021

In Uganda computers are beginning to form an integral part of the social and economic life of the people. Computer based social media such as Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter are increasingly getting more subscribers in Uganda, many of them being children. Internet penetration and legitimate usage has grown in tandem with internet abuses such as online child pornography. The risk of child sexual abuse in Uganda is considerably high with 77.7% of the primary school children and 82% of the secondary school students having experienced sexual abuse at school. 51% of victims were aged between 10 and 13 years, and 40.6% between 14 and 17. Now, the internet enables virtually anyone to communicate privately with children in their homes. Ironically, parents concerned about threats from ‘strangers’ may erroneously believe that their children are safer inside the home and on the computer. While a search on ‘child pornography’ on a web search engine, such as Google, would normally only produce sites campaigning against the availability of child pornography on the internet, child pornography thrives in channels devoted to it within the internet Relay Chat, ICQ environment and on peer to peer (P2P) file sharing systems and can sometimes be found in ‘spam’ e-mails.
THE LEGITIMACY OF THE PHENOMENON OF THE ESCALATION OF COMMERCIAL RIGHTS PROTECTION FOR SPORTS MEGA-EVENTS THROUGH THE MEANS OF SUI GENERIS LAWS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ‘ASSOCIATION RIGHTS’ TO THESE MEGA-EVENTS
Authors: Kurasha Primrose E.R.
Published: July 2021

In this article, I am, from a legal perspective, going to critically evaluate the creation, nature and working of such ‘association rights’ as contained in the relevant provisions in legislation such as the Merchandise Marks Act 17 of 1941 (as amended) and the Olympics Act (Law 12035 of 2009) as passed for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games (Brazil). I am going to critically evaluate the legitimacy of this phenomenon of escalation of commercial rights protection for sports mega-events through the means of sui generis laws, specifically in respect of its culmination in recent years with the development of so called ‘association rights’ to these events. In order to enable a deeper understanding of my position on the aforementioned issue, I am first going to define ‘ambush marketing’ and other key concepts as this will enable the reader and I to have a common foundation and understanding. Furthermore, I am going to give an important theoretical understanding of commercial rights and sponsorship in sports to enable the reader to understand what is at stake when legislation creating association rights is passed and to show that there is this phenomenal spike in the protection of commercial rights. I am then going to proceed to finalise the issue by critiquing and evaluating as aforementioned.
IN LIGHT OF ‘NKANDLA’, WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC PROTECTOR IN UPHOLDING THE RULE OF LAW IN SOUTH AFRICA?
Authors: Yakoob Aadelah Shaik
Published: July 2021

The focus of this article will be to ascertain what role, if any, the Public Protector plays in achieving and upholding the rule of law as envisaged in section 1(c) of the Constitution. In doing so, I will assess the powers of the Public Protector as envisaged by the Constitution and supporting legislation and analyse the effect of recommendations made by the Public Protector. I will then offer a discussion on certain shortfalls within the legislation that have become a hindrance to the Public Protector achieving her mandate in practice. I will, further, highlight the importance of the powers of the Public Protector as an avenue to achieving the rule of law, and, offer an analysis of the judgments in South African Broadcasting Commission v Democratic Alliance and Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly. I will, finally, conclude by discussing possible solutions to the challenges faced by the Public Protector in practice and offer a summary of my views.
MEDIA FREEDOM IN KENYA in 2017: A REALITY OR A MIRAGE?
Authors: Genga Shirley
Published: July 2021

Media freedom is the capacity of the media to act as a barometer to call government to account vis-à-vis the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 especially the values, spirit and ethos enshrined therein. So much so that countries which are strong democracies always have strong and free media. A free and democratic society is not possible without an independent, free and responsible media and an active civil society. Freedom House Report results from the fact that Kenya currently finds itself in a very interesting position where media freedom exists boldly on paper, but the reality on the ground is something else. The current Constitution of Kenya which came into force on 27 August 2010, has not only been hailed as reformist, but it has a new and progressive Bill of Rights requiring extensive reforms to both the media and information management frameworks. However, the government seems to have another agenda. As will be observed below, the government has introduced several laws that, on the outside appear to be progressive and in line with the new Constitution, but upon closer inspection clearly has an agenda that undermines media freedom in Kenya. In the sections which follow, this paper will analyse the legal framework and social factors relevant to media freedom in Kenya.
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW — A TOOL FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTIONALISM: THE IMPLICATIONS OF MELANI V THE CITY OF JOHANNESBURG
Authors: Siboza Nelsie
Published: July 2021

This case note will consider the decision of the High Court in the case Melani v City of Johannesburg.1 I ask whether the Court’s decision is in accordance with progressive substantive aspirations of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996.2 In particular, I consider whether the Court’s decision was overly formalistic, whether it met with the requirements of transformative constitutionalism within the context of administrative law and whether the decision furthered social justice. I will start with a brief summary of the facts, the legal question and the decision of the Court in section 2. Section 3 will follow with a consideration of the notion of transformative constitutionalism regarding adjudication within the context of administrative law and social justice. An analysis of whether the Court did in fact further transformative constitutionalism will be discussed in section 4. Finally, I will conclude my discussion in section 5.
TAX MORALITY: EXAMINING THE BEPS DEBATE, WORK OF THE OECD AND ITS IMPACT ON AFRICA
Authors: Olika Daniel Godson
Published: July 2021

International tax issues have never been at the forefront of international politics as they are today. This is due in large part to the realization that the current international tax system in existence allows multinational corporations to plan their taxes in such a way that they will be able to pay little or no taxes at all. They are able to do this through certain loopholes and gaps that currently exist in the system. These loopholes and gaps are seen as creating opportunities for taxpayers who are involved in cross-border activities to aggressively structure their activities to mitigate potential tax exposure or achieve no tax liabilities. They do this by exploiting; the hybrid-mismatch arrangements, shortcomings of the transfer pricing rules in jurisdictions where they operate and shifting profits from countries where their profits are made to countries with low tax rates. Consequently, some multinationals pay as little as five percent in corporate taxes, even as smaller domestic businesses pay up to 30 percent. The result of this activity is what is known as; base erosion and profit-shifting (BEPS) and it has the potential to deprive all countries of significant tax revenues. This rave debate and harsh criticism from the public influenced the intervention of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to start its now famous BEPS Project. The OECD BEPS Project aims to provide governments or tax administrators with clear international solutions for fighting aggressive corporate tax planning strategies that artificially shift profits to locations where they are subjected to more favourable tax treatment. This paper shall address the various strands of the BEPS debate, the OECD BEPS project, the impact of the project in Africa and Nigeria. The next section shall address the various strands of the debate.
A CRITICAL RACE FEMINIST READING OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN PROPERTY LAW
Authors: Makombe Laetitia
Published: July 2021

The European colonial invasion that birthed apartheid rule resulted in black women being the most vulnerable group to land dispossession.1 This vulnerability has been exacerbated by the ineffective measures of the law that, in an attempt to redress these past injustices, fail to afford adequate recognition to the racial, gender and socio-economic marginalisation of black women in the regulation of land issues.2 This essay essentially aims to highlight the intersectionality between the oppressions of gender, racial and class based discrimination, which black women in South Africa are afflicted by in relation to land ownership and the security of land tenure. This essay further illuminates how there is a crucial necessity for the decolonisation of the South African property law system as a whole, in order to address the problem of black women being the most vulnerable group to land dispossession in this democratic era. This evaluation is conducted by providing a critique of the Extension of Security of Tenure Act 62 of 1997 (‘ESTA’) in light of the Critical Race Feminist theory and with reference to various South African case law, in order to expose how issues of race, gender and class intersect within the context of land dispossession. Moreover, the essay progresses to explain the manner in which the interpretation of the South African property laws such as ESTA, positively transform legal knowledge. It should be noted that the legal transformation is not enough to address a dispossession of land from black women. Consequently, this essay argues that what is necessary in a South African context is the entire decolonisation of the property law system, which can serve as the appropriate measure for remedying the vulnerability of black women to land dispossession in this post1994 era.
CRITICAL LEGAL EDUCATION: A REMEDY FOR THE LEGACY OF COLONIAL LEGAL EDUCATION?
Authors: Masiya Emerge , Mdluli Given
Published: July 2021

The call for decolonisation of legal education stems from the acknowledgement of the presence of retrogressive colonial approach to legal education. This approach includes a neutral and formal teaching that is blinded to ethical and social considerations. Law is a mirror of a country`s moral, cultural and social values and yet South African legal education distances itself with all other considerations and insists on a Western, autonomous and functionalist approach to legal education. This results in the moulding of uncritical and thoughtless “modern lawyers” with no concern to ethics and justice. Decolonisation demands a critical legal education and the replacement of the colonial “Black letter” teaching for a therapeutic jurisprudence. Both of which demand an interdisciplinary approach to legal education that acknowledges the impact of legal education on politics, society and culture. Thus, this article uses Critical Legal Studies (CLS) to deconstruct the colonial legal education epistemology.
DECOLONISATION OF THE LAW CURRICULUM IN SOUTH AFRICA THROUGH THE PRISM OF A LIVED EXPERIENCE
Authors: Magula Mandisi , Phoshoko Shatadi
Published: July 2021

The current educational system, with a specific focus on legal education, remains based on Eurocentric knowledge with only limited inclusion of African knowledge. The article examines the historical context and the negative impact of colonial legislation on the law curriculum. The biggest problem identified in the law curriculum is that most modules (delete contents) and programmes are not linked to African cultures, realities and do not seek to address or solve African problems. This article argues for the creation of an Afrocentric law curriculum and the development of sufficiently rigorous local knowledge that relates better to the needs of students and the challenges in South Africa, while at the same time contributing to global knowledge production. This will make schools of law produce lawyers who are skilled to solve the problems confronting African people from different cultures. This article proposes solutions on how to decolonise, Africanise and transform the law curriculum.