bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Change in Color Filter Layers during the Baking Process by Multi‐Speckle Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy
Authors: Park Baek Sung , Hyung Kyung Hee , Oh Gwi Jeong , Jung Hyun Wook
Published: September 2017

Undercut defects of color filter (CF) layers, which inevitably occur in UV curing and development processes for liquid crystal displays and white organic light‐emitting diodes, should be elucidated to ensure product quality and processability. The dynamic changes of the green CF layer are investigated during the baking process by examining the motion of pigment particles within the thin CF layer via multi‐speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (MSDWS). Autocorrelation functions and characteristic times for the α‐relaxation, which are determined using light intensities scattered from the CF layer, directly indicate thermal melting and curing stages in the process. It is confirmed that MSDWS is a reliable non‐contact measurement tool for quantitatively analyzing the initial change of the CF layer during the baking process.
Phase Behavior of Ethylene‐co‐Vinyl Acetate and Alkyl Acrylate Copolymer in High‐Pressure Dimethyl Ether
Authors: Lee Byung-Chul , Jeong Won Bok , Lee Keun Deuk
Published: September 2017

The phase‐behavior data are presented for three kinds of commercial polymer‐bonded explosive (PBX) elastomers in dimethyl ether (DME). Ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate (with vinyl acetate contents of 40 % (EVA40) and 60 % by mass (EVA60)) and alkyl acrylate (ACM) copolymers were used as the PBX elastomers. For each elastomer/DME system, the cloud‐ and/or bubble‐point (phase‐boundary) pressures were measured as a function of temperature and elastomer composition using a high‐pressure phase‐equilibrium apparatus equipped with a variable‐volume view cell. For the EVA60/DME system, the cloud‐point pressure increased as the EVA60 composition increased. The ACM elastomer was readily soluble in saturated liquid‐state DME at most temperature and elastomer composition ranges.
Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into CHO‐Containing Compounds on Multimetallic Porphyrins
Authors: Calfumán Karla , Honores Jessica , Guzmán Diego , Ohlbaum Macarena , Armijo Francisco , Del Río Rodrigo , Isaacs Mauricio
Published: September 2017

This work describes the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution mediated by tetraruthenated metalloporphyrins (TRP; Co(II) and Zn(II)) in Nafion (Nf) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a support. The comparative aspects of the two polymeric matrices are expressed in terms of the electrocatalytic behavior toward carbon dioxide reduction of both sets of modified electrodes; values of overpotential and turnover frequency were calculated in each case. The modified electrodes under survey were able to reduce carbon dioxide at −600 mV vs Ag/AgCl showing an enhanced reduction current and a decrease in the required overpotential compared to a bare glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Potential‐controlled electrolysis experiments were carried out at −1000 mV in order to compare the distribution of products. The production of formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol was confirmed at potentials where reduction of solvent may occur. Measurements of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show the presence of one active site for GC/Nf/MTRP (where M=Zn(II) and Co(II)) and three for GC/PVC/MTRP. This information corroborates the high values of TOF obtained for GC/PVC/ZnTRP as the best electrocatalyst.
Development of Phenyl Cyclohexylcarboxamides as a Novel Class of Hsp90 C‐terminal Inhibitors
Authors: Garg Gaurav , Forsberg Leah K. , Zhao Huiping , Blagg Brian S. J.
Published: September 2017

Inhibition of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) C‐terminus represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic, was the first Hsp90 C‐terminal inhibitor identified, however, it manifested poor anti‐proliferative activity (SKBr3, IC50≈700 μm). Subsequent structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies on novobiocin led to development of several analogues that exhibited improved anti‐proliferative activity against several cancer cell lines. Recent studies demonstrate that the biphenyl core could be used in lieu of the coumarin ring system, which resulted in more efficacious analogues. In continuation of previous efforts, the work described herein has identified the phenyl cyclohexyl core as a novel scaffold for Hsp90 C‐terminal inhibition. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies on this scaffold led to the development of compounds that manifest mid‐nanomolar activity against SKBr3 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines through Hsp90 inhibition.
Embedded Isoreticular Zeolites: Concept and Beyond
Authors: Cho Jung , Choi Hyun June , Guo Peng , Shin Jiho , Zou Xiaodong , Hong Suk Bong
Published: September 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Xiadong Zou at the Stockholm University and Suk Bong Hong at the POSTECH in Pohang. The image depicts a zeolite family with expanding structural complexity and embedded isoreticular structures. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201702417.
Cooperative Noncovalent Interactions Induce Ion Pair Separation in Diphenylsilanides
Authors: Marro Eric A. , Press Eric M. , Purkait Tapas K. , Jimenez Daniel , Siegler Maxime A. , Klausen Rebekka S.
Published: September 2017

This crystallographic and computational study describes an unusual potassium silanide structure. A contact ion pair is expected in the solid state between potassium and silicon, yet the potassium cation binds an aromatic ring and the anionic silanide interacts with CH bonds on neighboring crown ether molecules. These structure‐bonding phenomena are attributed to strong soft–soft interactions.
Structure–Activity Relationships within a Series of σ1 and σ2 Receptor Ligands: Identification of a σ2 Receptor Agonist (BS148) with Selective Toxicity against Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Franchini Silvia , Sorbi Claudia , Battisti Umberto Maria , Tait Annalisa , Bencheva Leda Ivanova , Cichero Elena , Fossa Paola , Cilia Antonio , Prezzavento Orazio , Ronsisvalle Simone , Aricò Giuseppina , Benassi Luisa , Vaschieri Cristina , Azzoni Paola , Magnoni Cristina , Brasili Livio
Published: September 2017

A new series of spirocyclic σ receptor (σR) ligands were prepared and studied. Most were found to have a high affinity and selectivity for σ1R; three compounds were shown to be σ1R agonists, while another proved to be the only σ1R antagonist. Only one of the σ1R agonists (BS148) also exhibited σ2R selectivity and was able to inhibit the growth of metastatic malignant melanoma cell lines without affecting normal human melanocytes. The antiproliferative activity of this compound suggested an σ2R agonist profile. Further, preliminary investigations indicated that the mechanism of metastatic malignant melanoma cell death induced by BS148 is due, at least in part, to apoptosis.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act dependent coverage expansion: Disparities in impact among young adult oncology patients
Authors: Alvarez Elysia M. , Keegan Theresa H. , Johnston Emily E. , Haile Robert , Sanders Lee , Wise Paul H. , Saynina Olga , Chamberlain Lisa J.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Private health insurance is associated with improved outcomes in patients with cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Dependent Coverage Expansion (ACA‐DCE), which extended private insurance to young adults (to age 26 years) beginning in 2010, on the insurance status of young adults with cancer.

METHODS

The current study was a retrospective, population‐based analysis of hospitalized young adult oncology patients (aged 22‐30 years) in California during 2006 through 2014 (11,062 patients). Multivariable regression analyses examined factors associated with having private insurance. Results were presented as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. A difference‐in‐difference analysis examined the influence of the ACA‐DCE on insurance coverage by race/ethnicity and federal poverty level.

RESULTS

Multivariable regression demonstrated that patients of black and Hispanic race/ethnicity were less likely to have private insurance before and after the ACA‐DCE, compared with white patients. Younger age (22‐25 years) was associated with having private insurance after implementation of the ACA‐DCE (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.06‐1.35). In the difference‐in‐difference analysis, private insurance increased among white patients aged 22 to 25 years who were living in medium‐income (2006‐2009: 64.6% vs 2011‐2014: 69.1%; P = .003) and high‐income (80.4% vs 82%; P = .043) zip codes and among Asians aged 22 to 25 years living in high‐income zip codes (73.2 vs 85.7%; P = .022). Private insurance decreased for all Hispanic patients aged 22 to 25 years between the 2 time periods.

CONCLUSIONS

The ACA‐DCE provision increased insurance coverage, but not among all patients. Private insurance increased for white and Asian patients in higher income neighborhoods, potentially widening social disparities in private insurance coverage among young adults with cancer. Cancer 2018;124:110‐7. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
FGWSO‐TAR: Fractional glowworm swarm optimization for traffic aware routing in urban VANET
Authors: Rewadkar Deepak , Doye Dharmpal
Published: September 2017

In mobile distributed applications, such as traffic alert dissemination, dynamic route planning, file sharing, and so on, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has emerged as a feasible solution in recent years. However, the performance of the VANET depends on the routing protocol in accord with the delay and throughput requirements. Many of the routing protocols have been extensively studied in the literature. Although there are exemptions, they escalate research challenges in traffic aware routing (TAR) protocol of VANET. This paper introduces the fractional glowworm swarm optimization (FGWSO) for the TAR protocol of VANET in an urban scenario that can identify the optimal path for the vehicle with less traffic density and delay time. The proposed FGWSO searches the optimal routing path based on the fitness function formulated in this paper. Fractional glowworm swarm optimization is the combination of the GWSO and fractional theory. Moreover, exponential weighted moving average is utilized to predict the traffic density and the speed of the vehicle, which is utilized as the major constraints in the fitness function of the optimization algorithm to find the optimal traffic aware path. Simulation of FGWSO shows the significant improvement with a minimal end‐to‐end delay of 6.6395 seconds and distance of 17.3962 m, respectively, in comparison with the other existing routing approaches. The simulation also validates the optimality of the proposed TAR protocol.
Neuroglial interactions underpinning myelin plasticity
Authors: de Faria Omar , Pama Ewa Anastazia Claudia , Evans Kimberley , Luzhynskaya Aryna , Káradóttir Ragnhildur Thóra
Published: September 2017

The CNS is extremely responsive to an ever‐changing environment. Studies of neural circuit plasticity focus almost exclusively on functional and structural changes of neuronal synapses. In recent years, however, myelin plasticity has emerged as a potential modulator of neuronal networks. Myelination of previously unmyelinated axons and changes in the structure of myelin on already‐myelinated axons (similar to changes in internode number and length or myelin thickness or geometry of the nodal area) can in theory have significant effects on the function of neuronal networks. In this article, the authors review the current evidence for myelin changes occurring in the adult CNS, highlight some potential underlying mechanisms of how neuronal activity may regulate myelin changes, and explore the similarities between neuronal and myelin plasticity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 93–107, 2018
Characterization of in vitro generated metabolites of selected peptides <2 kDa prohibited in sports
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Knoop Andre , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario
Published: September 2017

With an increasing number of prohibited substances in doping controls, knowledge about their metabolism is crucial for efficient analysis. While for low molecular mass molecules, standard protocols for in vitro metabolism experiments are well established, the situation with peptidic drugs has been shown to be substantially more heterogeneous and complex. Two principle strategies aiming at simulating the metabolism of lower molecular mass peptides in vitro are presented within this study. The prohibited peptides ARA‐290, GHRP‐3, and Peforelin, with a to‐date unknown metabolism, were chosen as model compounds for these experiments and metabolism after incubation with different blood specimens (EDTA‐, heparin‐, citrate‐plasma, and serum) and exposure to recombinant amidase were investigated. The characterization of in vitro generated drug‐derived peptidic analytes was accomplished by means of liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Identification of the generated metabolites was ensured by dedicated high resolution product ion experiments after liquid chromatographic separation. While extensive exopeptidase‐driven metabolism was observed for ARA‐290 (with one main metabolite PyrEQLERALN), GHRP‐3 and Peforelin were found to exhibit a considerable metabolic stability with a low tendency for deamidation only. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prey use by dingoes in a contested landscape: Ecosystem service provider or biodiversity threat?
Authors: Morrant Damian S. , Wurster Christopher M. , Johnson Christopher N. , Butler James R. A. , Congdon Bradley C.
Published: September 2017

In Australia, dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) have been implicated in the decline and extinction of a number of vertebrate species. The lowland Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia is a biologically rich area with many species of rainforest‐restricted vertebrates that could be threatened by dingoes; however, the ecological impacts of dingoes in this region are poorly understood. We determined the potential threat posed by dingoes to native vertebrates in the lowland Wet Tropics using dingo scat/stomach content and stable isotope analyses of hair from dingoes and potential prey species. Common mammals dominated dingo diets. We found no evidence of predation on threatened taxa or rainforest specialists within our study areas. The most significant prey species were northern brown bandicoots (Isoodon macrourus), canefield rats (Rattus sordidus), and agile wallabies (Macropus agilis). All are common species associated with relatively open grass/woodland habitats. Stable isotope analysis suggested that prey species sourced their nutrients primarily from open habitats and that prey choice, as identified by scat/stomach analysis alone, was a poor indicator of primary foraging habitats. In general, we find that prey use by dingoes in the lowland Wet Tropics does not pose a major threat to native and/or threatened fauna, including rainforest specialists. In fact, our results suggest that dingo predation on “pest” species may represent an important ecological service that outweighs potential biodiversity threats. A more targeted approach to managing wild canids is needed if the ecosystem services they provide in these contested landscapes are to be maintained, while simultaneously avoiding negative conservation or economic impacts.
Partitioning assimilatory nitrogen uptake in streams: an analysis of stable isotope tracer additions across continents
Authors: Tank J. L. , Martí E. , Riis T. , von Schiller D. , Reisinger A. J. , Dodds W. K. , Whiles M. R. , Ashkenas L. R. , Bowden W. B. , Collins S. M. , Crenshaw C. L. , Crowl T. A. , Griffiths N. A. , Grimm N. B. , Hamilton S. K. , Johnson S. L. , McDowell W. H. , Norman B. M. , Rosi E. J. , Simon K. S. , Thomas S. A. , Webster J. R.
Published: September 2017

Headwater streams remove, transform, and store inorganic nitrogen (N) delivered from surrounding watersheds, but excessive N inputs from human activity can saturate removal capacity. Most research has focused on quantifying N removal from the water column over short periods and in individual reaches, and these ecosystem‐scale measurements suggest that assimilatory N uptake accounts for most N removal. However, cross‐system comparisons addressing the relative role of particular biota responsible for incorporating inorganic N into biomass are lacking. Here we assess the importance of different primary uptake compartments on reach‐scale ammonium (NH4+‐N) uptake and storage across a wide range of streams varying in abundance of biota and local environmental factors. We analyzed data from 17 15N‐NH4+ tracer addition experiments globally, and found that assimilatory N uptake by autotrophic compartments (i.e., epilithic biofilm, filamentous algae, bryophytes/macrophytes) was higher but more variable than for heterotrophic microorganisms colonizing detrital organic matter (i.e., leaves, small wood, and fine particles). Autotrophic compartments played a disproportionate role in N uptake relative to their biomass, although uptake rates were similar when we rescaled heterotrophic assimilatory N uptake associated only with live microbial biomass. Assimilatory NH4+‐N uptake, either estimated as removal from the water column or from the sum uptake of all individual compartments, was four times higher in open‐ than in closed‐canopy streams. Using Bayesian Model Averaging, we found that canopy cover and gross primary production (GPP) controlled autotrophic assimilatory N uptake while ecosystem respiration (ER) was more important for the heterotrophic contribution. The ratio of autotrophic to heterotrophic N storage was positively correlated with metabolism (GPP: ER), which was also higher in open‐ than in closed‐canopy streams. Our analysis shows riparian canopy cover influences the relative abundance of different biotic uptake compartments and thus GPP:ER. As such, the simple categorical variable of canopy cover explained differences in assimilatory N uptake among streams at the reach scale, as well as the relative roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs in N storage. Finally, this synthesis links cumulative N uptake by stream biota to reach‐scale N demand and provides a mechanistic and predictive framework for estimating and modeling N cycling in other streams.
Combined heart–liver transplantation for failing Fontan circulation in a late survivor with single‐ventricle physiology
Authors: Duong Phuoc , Coats Louise , O'Sullivan John , Crossland David , Haugk Beate , Babu‐Narayan Sonya V. , Keegan Jennifer , Hudson Mark , Parry Gareth , Manas Derek , Hasan Asif
Published: September 2017

Management of adults with failing Fontan physiology poses many challenges, especially as transplantation offers the only realistic alternative to palliative care. We present the first combined heart and liver transplant performed in Europe, for a late survivor of single ventricle palliation with the Fontan circulation. In addition to the conventional medical and surgical challenges posed, we highlight the management of the associated multi‐organ failure with focus on the liver and novel strategies for assessment and optimization.
The Effect of Different Dietary Fats on the Fatty Acid Composition of Several Tissues in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Kanakri Khaled , Carragher John , Hughes Robert , Muhlhausler Beverly , Gibson Robert
Published: September 2017

The type of fat used in formulating broiler chicken diets can affect growth performance, influence the fatty acid composition of different tissues and has consequences for bird health and nutritional value for the consumer. This study aimes to address the hypothesis of whether these effects are specifically due to the variation in the fatty acid composition of the diets, that is, the proportion of different saturates, monounsaturates (n‐7 and n‐9) or polyunsaturates (n‐3 or n‐6), or other factors (physical properties, solid/liquid and source, plant/animal). A total of 480 male Cobb 500 broilers are fed ad libitum on one of six diets containing 4% w/w of either: beef tallow, flaxseed, corn, canola, macadamia, or coconut oil (eight replicates/treatment) for 6 weeks. At harvest, there are no significant differences in productivity parameters nor in the crude lipid content of different tissues between dietary treatments. There are, however, substantial qualitative differences in the fatty acid profiles of all tissues. The levels of specific fatty acids in all tissues except the brain, are positively correlated with the levels of the same fatty acids in the diet however, the strength of the correlations varied between different fatty acids.

Practical Applications: The results of the current study demonstrate that the dietary fatty acids types and proportions largely determines the fatty acid profile in edible tissues (meat, adipose, liver, and heart). The strong correlations and regressions between diet and tissue fatty acid levels validate the ability to predict the tissue fatty acid profile of broilers based on their dietary fat composition. Contrary to our hypothesis, dietary fat type had no influence on the growth parameters which makes us speculate whether such differences in similar studies only become apparent in situations where the birds are also under some level of environmental or social stress. This information will assist poultry feed manufacturers and broiler producers in making decisions about selection of fats with known nutritional and health benefits for inclusion in chicken feed.

The relationship between the diet and breast meat fatty acid composition of 6‐week‐old male broilers (Cobb 500) fed diets containing 4% w/w of either tallow, flaxseed oil, corn oil, canola oil, macadamia oil, or coconut oil. Dietary fatty acid intake determined breast meat fatty acid composition with a strong positive linear correlation for 6 all fatty acid groups (saturates, omega‐9 and omega‐7 monounsaturates, omega‐3, and omega‐6 polyunsaturates and trans, R = 0.938–0.999, P < 0.01).
CO2‐induced chemo‐mechanical alteration in reservoir rocks assessed via batch reaction experiments and scratch testing
Authors: Aman Michael , Espinoza D. Nicolas , Ilgen Anastasia G. , Major Jonathan R. , Eichhubl Peter , Dewers Thomas A.
Published: September 2017

The injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) into geological formations results in a chemical re‐equilibration between the mineral assemblage and the pore fluid, with ensuing mineral dissolution and re‐precipitation. Hence, target rock formations may exhibit changes of mechanical and petrophysical properties due to CO2 exposure. We conducted batch reaction experiments with Entrada Sandstone and Summerville Siltstone exposed to de‐ionized water and synthetic brine under reservoir pressure (9–10 MPa) and temperature (80°C) for up to four weeks. Samples originate from the Crystal Geyser field site, where a naturally occurring CO2 seepage alters portions of these geologic formations. We conducted micro‐scratch tests on rock samples without alteration, altered under laboratory conditions, and naturally altered over geologic time. Scratch toughness and hardness decrease as a function of exposure time and water salinity up to 52% in the case of Entrada and 87% in the case of Summerville after CO2‐induced alteration in the laboratory. Imaging of altered cores with SEM‐EDS and X‐ray microCT methods show dissolution of carbonate and silica cements and matrix accompanied by minor dissolution of Fe‐oxides, clays, and other silicates. Parallel experiments using powdered samples confirm that dissolution of carbonate and silica are the primary reactions. The batch reaction experiments in the autoclave utilize a high fluid to rock volume ratio and represent an end member of possible alteration associated with CO2 storage systems. These types of tests serve as a pre‐screening tool to identify the susceptibility of rock facies to CO2‐related chemical‐mechanical alteration during long‐term CO2 storage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using multi‐item psychometric scales for research and practice in human resource management
Authors: Robinson Mark A.
Published: September 2017

Questionnaires are a widely used research method in human resource management (HRM), and multi‐item psychometric scales are the most widely used measures in questionnaires. These scales each have multiple items to measure a construct in a reliable and valid manner. However, using this method effectively involves complex procedures that are frequently misunderstood or unknown. Although there are existing methodological texts addressing this topic, few are exhaustive and they often omit essential practical information. The current article therefore aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive guide to the use of multi‐item psychometric scales for HRM research and practice, including their structure, development, use, administration, and data preparation.
Asthma status is associated with decreased risk of aggressive urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Rava Marta , Czachorowski Maciej J. , Silverman Debra , Márquez Mirari , Kishore Sirish , Tardón Adonina , Serra Consol , García‐Closas Montse , Garcia‐Closas Reina , Carrato Alfredo , Rothman Nathaniel , Real Francisco X. , Kogevinas Manolis , Malats Núria
Published: September 2017

Previous studies suggested an association between atopic conditions and specific cancers. The results on the association with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) are scarce and inconsistent. To evaluate the association between asthma and risk of UBC, we considered 936 cases and 1,022 controls from the Spanish Bladder Cancer/EPICURO Study (86% males, mean age 65.4 years), a multicenter and hospital‐based case–control study conducted during 1998–2001. Participants were asked whether they had asthma and detailed information about occupational exposures, smoking habits, dietary factors, medical conditions and history of medication was collected through face‐to‐face questionnaires performed by trained interviewers. Since asthma and UBC might share risk factors, association between patients' characteristics and asthma was studied in UBC controls. Association between UBC and asthma was assessed using logistic regression unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders. The complex interrelationships, direct and mediating effect of asthma on UBC, were appraised using counterfactual mediation models. Asthma was associated with a reduced risk of UBC (odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37, 0.79) after adjusting for a wide range of confounders. No mediating effect was identified. The reduced risk associated with asthma was restricted to patients with high‐risk non‐muscle invasive (OR = 0.25, 95%CI 0.10, 0.62) and muscle invasive UBC (OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.15, 0.69). Our results support that asthma is associated with a decreased risk of UBC, especially among aggressive tumors. Further work on the relationship between asthma and other atopic conditions and cancer risk should shed light on the relationship between immune response mechanisms and bladder carcinogenesis.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key determinant of cancer's metabolic phenotype
Authors: Rodic Stefan , Vincent Mark David
Published: September 2017

Cancer cells exhibit a wide range of metabolic phenotypes, ranging from strict aerobic glycolysis to increased mitochondrial respiration. The cause and utility of this metabolic variation is poorly understood. Given that cancer cells experience heavy selection within their microenvironment, survival requires metabolic adaptation to both extracellular and intracellular conditions. Herein, we suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key determinant of cancer's metabolic phenotype. Intracellular ROS levels can be modified by an assortment of critical parameters including oxygenation, glucose availability and growth factors. ROS act as integrators of environmental information as well as downstream effectors of signaling pathways. Maintaining ROS within a narrow range allows malignant cells to enhance growth and invasion while limiting their apoptotic susceptibility. Cancer cells actively modify their metabolism to optimize intracellular ROS levels and thereby improve survival. Furthermore, we highlight distinct metabolic phenotypes in response to oxidative stress and their tumorigenic drivers.
Assessment of early response biomarkers in relation to long‐term survival in patients with HER2‐negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus bevacizumab: Results from the Phase II PROMIX trial
Authors: Kimbung Siker , Markholm Ida , Bjöhle Judith , Lekberg Tobias , von Wachenfeldt Anna , Azavedo Edward , Saracco Ariel , Hellström Mats , Veerla Srinivas , Paquet Eric , Bendahl Pär‐Ola , Fernö Mårten , Bergh Jonas , Loman Niklas , Hatschek Thomas , Hedenfalk Ingrid ,   for the PROMIX Trialists Group
Published: September 2017

Pathologic complete response (pCR) is a predictor for favorable outcome after neoadjuvant treatment in early breast cancer. Modulation of gene expression may also provide early readouts of biological activity and prognosis, offering the possibility for timely response‐guided treatment adjustment. The role of early transcriptional changes in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus bevacizumab was investigated. One‐hundred‐and‐fifty patients with large, operable and locally advanced HER2‐negative breast cancer received epirubicin and docetaxel, with the addition of bevacizumab. Patients underwent tumor biopsies at baseline, after Cycle 2 and at the time of surgery. The primary end point, pCR, and its relation with the secondary endpoints event‐free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and gene expression profiles, are reported. The pCR rate was 13% (95% CI 8.6–20.2), with significantly more pCRs among triple‐negative [28% (95% CI 14.8–45.4)] than among hormone receptor positive (HR+) tumors [9% (95% CI 4.6–16.3); (OR = 3.9 [CI = 1.5–10.3])]. pCR rates were not associated with EFS or OS. PAM50 subtypes significantly changed after Cycle 2 (p = 0.03) and an index of absolute changes in PAM50 correlations between these time‐points was associated with EFS [HR = 0.62 (CI = 0.3–1.1)]. In univariable analyses, signatures for angiogenesis, proliferation, estrogen receptor signaling, invasion and metastasis, and immune response, measured after Cycle 2, were associated with pCR in HR+ tumors. Evaluation of changes in molecular subtypes and other signatures early in the course of neoadjuvant treatment may be predictive of pCR and EFS. These factors may help guide further treatment and should be considered when designing neoadjuvant trials.
miR‐339‐5p downregulation contributes to Taxol resistance in small‐cell lung cancer by targeting α1,2‐fucosyltransferase 1
Authors: Gan Chong‐Zhi , Li Gang , Luo Qing‐Song , Li Hong‐Min
Published: September 2017

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, and non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma is responsible for almost 80% of lung cancer‐related deaths. In recent years, lung cancer has shown increasing incidence but poor prognosis, and many studies have demonstrated that microRNAs play crucial roles in the development of lung carcinoma and chemoresistance. This study investigated the role of miR‐339‐5p involvement in lung carcinoma cell lines and chemoresistance to Taxol. We observed that miR‐339‐5p was significantly downregulated in Taxol‐A549 cells compared with A549 cells. In vitro studies further indicated that miR‐339‐5p could promote colony formation and attenuate apoptosis of lung carcinoma cell lines through targeting α1,2‐fucosyltransferase 1 and regulation of the downstream protein Lewis y. Furthermore, miR‐339‐5p was found to enhance the proliferation inhibition ability of Taxol in lung carcinoma cell lines as well as in the Taxol‐A549 subclone. An in vivo study indicated that both miR‐339‐5p and Taxol could attenuate the growth of lung carcinoma; moreover, miR‐339‐5p could synergistically promote this inhibitory function of Taxol. In summary, our results suggest a miR‐339‐5p molecular network that is involved in controlling lung carcinoma progression. © 2017 The Authors IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 69(11):841–849, 2017
Pressure responsive nanogel base on Alginate‐Cyclodextrin with enhanced apoptosis mechanism for colon cancer delivery
Authors: Hosseinifar Tolou , Sheybani Simin , Abdouss Majid , Hassani Najafabadi Sayed Alireza , Shafiee Ardestani Mehdi
Published: September 2017

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu) commonly use in the treatment of different kinds of cancer, but limited cellular uptake and death is still a problem. Herein, we report a simple process for the synthesis of pressure‐sensitive nanogels that indicate to be appropriate in the delivery of 5‐Fu. The hydrogels (Al‐CD) prepare by crosslinking of alginate (Al) with modified beta Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) as Crosslinker. Next, nanoparticles obtaine by an emulsification method. 5‐Fu as model drug loades into the Al‐CD nanogels easily by mixing it in aqueous solution with the nanoparticles. The results revealed that the Al‐CD nanogels are cytocompatible. They have also a noticeable drug encapsulation (82.1 ±5.7%) while they can release (in vitro controlled) 5‐Fu in conditions that imitate the intravascular pressure conditions. These nanogels can rapidly be taken up by HT‐29 cells (a colon cell line). In addition, a higher 5‐Fu intracellular accumulation and a significant cell death extension by apoptosis mechanism is notice when compare with free 5‐Fu. Accordingly, the developed nanogels can be employe as an excellent candidate to overcome the inefficiency of 5‐Fu in anticancer treatments and possibly can employe for further evaluation as a chemotherapical agent in applications beyond cancer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 349–359, 2018.
The Barcelona Hospital Clínic therapeutic apheresis database
Authors: Cid Joan , Carbassé Gloria , Cid‐Caballero Marc , López‐Púa Yolanda , Alba Cristina , Perea Dolores , Lozano Miguel
Published: September 2017

Introduction

A therapeutic apheresis (TA) database helps to increase knowledge about indications and type of apheresis procedures that are performed in clinical practice. The objective of the present report was to describe the type and number of TA procedures that were performed at our institution in a 10‐year period, from 2007 to 2016.

Material and methods

The TA electronic database was created by transferring patient data from electronic medical records and consultation forms into a Microsoft Access database developed exclusively for this purpose. Since 2007, prospective data from every TA procedure were entered in the database.

Results

A total of 5940 TA procedures were performed: 3762 (63.3%) plasma exchange (PE) procedures, 1096 (18.5%) hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) collections, and 1082 (18.2%) TA procedures other than PEs and HPC collections. The overall trend for the time‐period was progressive increase in total number of TA procedures performed each year (from 483 TA procedures in 2007 to 822 in 2016). The tracking trend of each procedure during the 10‐year period was different: the number of PE and other type of TA procedures increased 22% and 2818%, respectively, and the number of HPC collections decreased 28%.

Conclusion

The TA database helped us to increase our knowledge about various indications and type of TA procedures that were performed in our current practice. We also believe that this database could serve as a model that other institutions can use to track service metrics.
Comparing leukapheresis protocols for an AML patient with symptomatic leukostasis
Authors: Cline Abigail , Jajosky Ryan , Shikle James , Bollag Roni
Published: September 2017

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy characterized by rapid clonal proliferation of myeloid precursors, which can result in hyperleukocytosis. Leukapheresis can be used to rapidly reduce the white blood cell count (WBC). However, the only FDA cleared device for WBC depletion, the COBE Spectra, will no longer be supported by the manufacturer in 2017, and there are few studies comparing different methods of leukapheresis.

Case report

A 68‐year‐old African American female was admitted to the hospital for relapse of her AML. Laboratory data demonstrated a WBC count of 291 600/μL and flow cytometry of the peripheral blood demonstrated 85% myeloid blasts. Leukapheresis was ordered to help treat the leukostasis.

Methods

Three different apheresis protocols were used to achieve cytoreduction: Spectra Optia mononuclear collection (MNC) protocol, Spectra Optia granulocyte collection (PMN) protocol, and Therakos CELLEX buffy coat collection without return. Due to different inlet flow rates, the procedures were evaluated based on the number of WBCs collected and volume of blood processed (VBP).

Results

The Spectra Optia PMN collected the most WBCs and collected nearly as many WBCs per VBP as the Therakos CELLEX, which had the highest value.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, we are reporting the first use of Therakos CELLEX and Spectra Optia PMN protocol for WBC depletion. While the Spectra Optia granulocyte protocol showed the best performance for this AML patient, further studies will be needed to compare the Spectra Optia PMN protocol to the MNC protocol for AML patients.
Evaluation of a newly developed chemiluminescence immunoassay for detecting cardiac troponin T
Authors: Wang Jingkun , Fang Yizhen , Li Peihua , Lin Huayue , Jin Hongwei , Gao Lei , Ge Shengxiang , Zhang Zhong‐Ying
Published: September 2017

Background

To evaluate the performance of a chemiluminescence detection kit for cardiac troponin T (cTnT).

Methods

According to the “Guiding principles on performance analysis of diagnostic reagents in vitro” and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guidelines, we assessed the detection limit, linear range, reportable range, accuracy, precision, cross reactivity, interference factors, and matrix effect of the kit, and compared these parameters with that of the commercial electrochemiluminescence detection kit for cTnT (Roche).

Results

The minimum detection limit of the kit was 0.01 ng/mL. The linear range was 0.01 ng/mL‐25 ng/mL. The reportable range was from 0.01 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL. Precision within the batch was 2.9%‐6.4%, and precision between batches was 6.0%; the accuracy was good and the recovery rate reached 96.2%. The cross‐reaction test demonstrated that there was no reactivity between cTnT and a variety of troponins. Test results deviated by less than ±10% in the presence of hemoglobin ≤1000 μg/mL, bilirubin ≤250 μg/mL, triglycerides ≤11.25 mg/mL, and rheumatoid factor ≤206 U/mL, suggesting that kit results were not significantly interfered with these factors. Results from the matrix‐effect assessment revealed absence of a matrix effect in the tested serum samples. Correlation study revealed that the performance of the kit was very consistent with that of the Roche electrochemiluminescence detection kit (Kappa = 0.900, P < .001) with a high correlation (r = .903, P < .001) and a total matching rate of 95.00%.

Conclusion

The performance of the evaluated chemiluminescence immunoquantitation kit for cTnT detection was acceptable in all tested parameters, fulfilling requirements for clinical applications.
Repeated‐Dose Oral N‐Acetylcysteine in Parkinson's Disease: Pharmacokinetics and Effect on Brain Glutathione and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Coles Lisa D. , Tuite Paul J. , Öz Gülin , Mishra Usha R. , Kartha Reena V. , Sullivan Kathleen M. , Cloyd James C. , Terpstra Melissa
Published: September 2017

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with oxidative stress and decreased nigral glutathione (GSH), suggesting that therapies that boost GSH may have a disease‐modifying effect. Intravenous administration of a high dose of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), a well‐known antioxidant and GSH precursor, increases blood and brain GSH in individuals with PD and with Gaucher disease and in healthy controls. To characterize the pharmacokinetics of repeated high oral doses of NAC and their effect on brain and blood oxidative stress measures, we conducted a 4‐week open‐label prospective study of oral NAC in individuals with PD (n = 5) and in healthy controls (n = 3). Brain GSH was measured in the occipital cortex using 1H‐MRS at 3 and 7 tesla before and after 28 days of 6000 mg NAC/day. Blood was collected prior to dosing and at predetermined collection times before and after the last dose to assess NAC, cysteine, GSH, catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) concentrations and the reduced‐to‐oxidized GSH ratio (GSH/ glutathione disulfide [GSSG]). Symptomatic adverse events were reported by 3 of the 5 subjects with PD. NAC plasma concentration–time profiles were described by a first‐order absorption, 1‐compartment pharmacokinetic model. Although peripheral antioxidant measures (catalase and GSH/GSSG) increased significantly relative to baseline, indicators of oxidative damage, that is, measures of lipid peroxidation (4‐HNE and MDA) were unchanged. There were no significant increases in brain GSH, which may be related to low oral NAC bioavailability and small fractional GSH/GSSG blood responses. Additional studies are needed to further characterize side effects and explore the differential effects of NAC on measures of antioxidant defense and oxidative damage.
Retraction: Association Between 5‐HTR2C –759C/T (rs3813929) and –697G/C (rs518147) Gene Polymorphisms and Risperidone‐Induced Insulin Resistance Syndrome in an Indian Population
Authors: Das Saibal , Dey Jayanta Kumar , Prabhu Niranjan , David Sachin , Kumar Aniket , Braganza Deepa , Shanthi Margaret
Published: September 2017

The above article from the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, first published online on 22 September 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement among the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Joseph Bertino, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed upon due to the article having been submitted by the lead author without agreement from all co‐authors. Having been alerted to this irregularity, the journal was also advised by the Senior Author of inaccuracies in the genotyping data.

Reference

Das, S., Dey, J. K., Prabhu SS, N., David, S., Kumar, A., Braganza, D. and Shanthi FX, M. (2017), Association Between 5‐HTR2C –759C/T (rs3813929) and –697G/C (rs518147) Gene Polymorphisms and Risperidone‐Induced Insulin Resistance Syndrome in an Indian Population. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. doi:10.1002/jcph.1012
Improvement of the bioelectrochemical hydrogen production from food waste fermentation effluent using a novel start‐up strategy
Authors: Cardeña René , Moreno‐Andrade Iván , Buitrón Germán
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Food waste is a valuable source of hydrogen by dark fermentation. Dark fermentation effluent contains volatile fatty acids that can be further converted into more hydrogen using microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). In this process, the anodic potential (Ean) has a significant influence on the MEC performance as well as the effluent composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of variation of the anode potential and substrate composition (food waste fermentation effluent) on the performance of hydrogen production using two‐chamber MECs.

RESULTS

Colonization was conducted using an Ean of 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl. After 38 days, the Ean had decreased to 0.3 V, resulting in an increase in the hydrogen production rate (from 287 to 482 mL H2 L‐1cat d‐1). A maximum hydrogen production rate of 685 mL H2 L‐1cat d‐1 was observed when effluent that contained the highest acetate concentration was utilized. Cathodic hydrogen recovery was higher than 93%, and hydrogen yield was greater than 873 mL H2 g‐1 COD.

CONCLUSION

The start‐up strategy in which Ean is decreased after the formation of an electroactive biofilm resulted in increased hydrogen production. The composition of the food waste fermented effluent influences the hydrogen production rate. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
An Evaluation Toolkit for Small NGOs in Water‐based Development
Authors: Lu Stephanie K. , Elliott Susan J. , Majowicz Shannon E. , Perlman Christopher M.
Published: September 2017

Small NGOs in international development have a unique advantage when it comes to engaging communities, establishing partnerships and advocating rights. However, studies suggest that small NGOs are disadvantaged when it comes to demonstrating evidence‐based impact. Small NGOs are less likely to invest in development evaluation as they lack expertise and/or feel strongly about funding programmes and not processes, given the increased demand for accountability to donors. To explore the challenge NGOs face in moving from a single project‐based entity to a vision‐led professional entity, we have documented the creation of low‐cost evaluation tools using a case study in water‐based development. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of exon methylation biomarkers for colorectal cancer via LC‐MS/MS strategy
Authors: Huang Qionglin , Yang Qingjin , Mo Mingming , Ye Xiaoxia , Zhang Junjie , Zhang Lijian , Chen Bin , Li Jian , Cai Chun
Published: September 2017

The identification of biomarkers would be of benefit for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. DNA methylation in specific genomic regions, which had shown strongly association with disease genotypes, was an effective indicator to reveal the occurrence and development of cancers. To screen out methylation biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC), genomic DNA was isolated from colorectal cancerous and corresponding cancer‐adjacent tissues collected from 30 CRC patients and then bisulfite‐converted. The exon regions of 5 targeted genes (CNRIP1, HIC1, RUNX3, p15, and SFRP2) were amplified by using nested polymerase chain reaction with specific primers, and the amplicon was purified and hydrolyzed. The methylation levels of these specific regions were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The results showed that 5 targeted exon regions were successfully amplified and confirmed by sequencing. The methodological validations indicated that LC‐MS/MS was highly sensitive and accurate. The methylation levels of CNRIP1 and RUNX3 were remarkably high in CRC tissues with statistical difference when compared with corresponding cancer‐adjacent individuals, while that of HIC1, p15, and SFRP2 had no difference between 2 subjects. These findings supported CNRIP1 and RUNX3 as potential DNA methylation biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and treatment, and our LC‐MS/MS approach exhibited great advantages in the identification of regional DNA methylation biomarkers.
Vegetation response to abrupt climate changes in Western Europe from 45 to 14.7k cal a BP: the Bergsee lacustrine record (Black Forest, Germany)
Authors: Duprat‐Oualid Fanny , Rius Damien , Bégeot Carole , Magny Michel , Millet Laurent , Wulf Sabine , Appelt Oona
Published: September 2017

Between 45 and 14.7k cal a BP, the North Atlantic climate was characterized by a succession of short‐lived Greenland Stadials (GS)/Interstadials (GI), which impacted terrestrial environments. We present a new pollen record from the Bergsee (47°34′20″N, 7°56′11″E), which was ice free during the Last Glacial. We constructed a robust chronology for the period 45–14.7k cal a BP based on 14 accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates and a tephra attributed to the Laacher See Tephra. Vegetation history was reconstructed at the sub‐millennial scale using pollen analysis. At millennial timescale, a 45–30k cal a BP period shows relatively high tree percentages and marked forest developments, consistent with warmer and more humid conditions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. This contrasts with a 30–14.7k cal a BP period of steppe conditions, favoured by a colder/more arid MIS 2. In detail, vegetation seems to respond to GIs and GSs with the successive development of steppes and boreal forests. The impact of Heinrich events is also recorded with a marked development of Artemisia. Comparison with European records shows the contribution of the Bergsee pollen record to understanding impacts of the North Atlantic climate variability on landscapes across longitudinal and latitudinal gradients.