bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
alPedagogical Content Knowledge of Secondary Biology Teachers in Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM): Its Effect on Students’ Science Process Skills
Authors: MAGDARA DAYAMON T.
Published: August 2015

In these times, humanity continues to witness the glorious reign of science and technology that is responsible for marvels that in centuries past were thought mere flights of the imagination. The study investigated the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of the biology teachers and its relation to the science process skill of students in secondary high school of mainland Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Of the 17 biology teachers representing the sample school respondents, 10 expressed willingness to statistical tools like measures of central tendency, measures of variability. Somer’s d test and correlation coefficient were utilized for the analysis of the data gathered. Results showed a great majority of the biology teachers as holders of non-science/biology degrees and have not attendedseminars and trainings related to science. To augment their knowledge of the content, few of them pursued advanced courses either at the Master’s or PhD levels. Result showed that the teachers lend themselves to classification as novice,traditional, and experienced. Tests to establish correlations between teacher’s PCK and the student’s science process skills yielded very low correlations in almost all constructs when tested using the alpha 0.05 level of significance. The biology teachers from the two provinces (Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao) of the mainland ARMM are not science or biology-oriented teachers; therefore, a mismatch exists between teacher’s qualifications or preparations/training and their teaching assignment.Keywords: Education, pedagogical content knowledge, Science process skills, descriptive design, Marawi City, Philippines
Parental Involvement in the Education of Grade Six Pupils and their Reading Ability
Authors: VERDAN NORA M. , TARUSAN MARY ANN E.
Published: August 2015

The ability to read is highly valued and important for social and economic advancement. This aspect is also one where parental involvement may be of help, aside from building active networks in the community. This study, therefore, determined the extent to which parents’ involvement affects their children’s reading ability. Using the descriptive-correlational method, parental involvement in parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making and collaborating with community was correlated with the reading ability of grade six students in F. Bustamante Central Elementary School, Tibungco District, Davao City. The parents displayed a mean moderate involvement in their children’s education while the reading ability of grade six students showed a frustration level in oral reading and silent reading. There was a significant relationship between parental involvement in education and reading ability of grade six students, indicating that the respondents’ parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making and collaborating with community are not guarantees that the reading ability of grade six students will be developed.Keywords: Language, Reading ability, parental involvement, descriptive-correlational design, Philippines
Standards for Educational Leaders as Correlate to Strategic Adaptation of Elementary School Heads
Authors: RODADO MARGIE E. , OLIVA ELLEINE ROSE A.
Published: August 2015

School heads should engage their tasks under conditions and policies that aid them in meeting expectations. It is essential for school heads to take into account factors such as intending leaders, early career and mid and late career and, dimensions of the program. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship standards for educational leaders to strategic adaptation of elementary school heads. The study utilized the descriptive-correlational method, validated questionnaires, mean and Pearson r. Results of the study revealed a high level of standards for educational leaders and a high level of school heads strategic adaptation in areas of inviting change, collaborative planning and problem solving. The study further revealed a significant relationship between standards for educational leaders and strategic adaptation of school heads and among the standards for educational leaders included in the study, the ethics and integrity was found to be most manifested by the school heads. With the said result, the school management should adopt some measures to improve the level of their educational standards in relation to their strategic adaptation practices. Teachers should continue to evaluate regularly the strengths and weaknesses of their school heads.Keywords: Education, educational leaders, strategic adaptation, school heads, Correlation, Philippines
Embracing the Usage of Cellular Telephone in the 21 Century: Its Impact to Business
Authors: ACAIN WARREN L.
Published: August 2015

Cellular telephone is one of the telecommunication technologies that changes the face of business and the behavior patterns of societies. The study sought to recognize the impact of cellular telephones in business. Explicitly, it directed to identify its impact to its utilization in business and correlates them to thesocio-economic profile. To gather the necessary data, a modified researcher-madequestionnaire was utilized. Further, the study utilized a descriptive-correlationalresearch design. In deriving the results, frequency and percentage, mean or rank,weighted mean, Spearman rank correlation, and likelihood chi-square test werealso employed. Major findings revealed that the gadget was perceived useful inbusiness in the aspect of utilization in communication, business cost or expenses,record filing or keeping, and profiting. The study concludes that the utilizationof cellular telephones in terms of business cost and record filing have reciprocalrelationship with the perceived impact.Keywords: Social Science, cellular telephone, business, descriptive design, Philippines
College Student’s Difficulties with Basic Mathematics
Authors: ARENILLO SONIA A. , CRUZADO SUSAN M.
Published: August 2015

Mathematics evokes fear and anxiety to any college students. The studydetermined the performance difficulties of the students in four operationswith Basic Mathematics employing descriptive- comparative design to sixty(60) randomly selected college freshmen. This context in Mathematics hasbeen always identified as the dimensions in which students likely show dismalperformance hence, a further study is conceived. A thirty- item test in integers,decimal numbers and fractions across four operations was the main instrument used in the study. Data gathered were analyzed utilizing One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare difficulty differences. Result showed thatstudents encountered difficulty in subtraction of integers, division of decimalnumbers and fractions caused by procedural complexities where frequencyof errors was prominent. Difficulty differences in performing four operationswith Basic Mathematics were mostly found significant. Thus, it can be inferred that students cope difficulties with Basic Mathematics to varying extents. Withthis, it is recommended that students should solve integers, decimal numbersand fractions more often as a useful aid to memorize their corresponding rulesinvolving different mathematical operation tasks.Keywords: Basic Mathematics, performance difficulties, descriptive-comparative,Philippines
The Physical and Psychosocial Functionalities of Female Circumcision Practice Among Meranaos, Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: BASHER SALMAH LAO MANALOCON
Published: August 2015

Female circumcision (FC) is a practice attributed to Muslims since it isusually practiced in societies where Muslims predominate. This study is intendedto investigate the underlying beliefs and practices of FC among Meranaos in thePhilippines, one of the major Muslim tribes in the country that still practiceFC. The study also outlined the procedure being followed by the women. Thisstudy utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods using aspecially designed questionnaire, interviews and focused group discussions withthe respondents. Overall, the results showed common viewpoints among femalerespondents and manunuris as they believed that this practice has religious basisin the Hadith, and is a symbol of fidelity to the institution of marriage and a commitment to Islam. Pricking and removing some tissues from the clitoris is the most common method utilized. The problems in the functionalities inherent inthis practice mentioned by the female respondents were pain, bleeding, infection,anxiety, trauma and fear. The positive responses mentioned were increasingconfidence, obedience, and improved social interaction. Male respondents have uncertainty concerning the basis of this practice. The religious leaders confirmedthat the verse in the Hadith concerning circumcision is not clear and inconclusiveand expressed their agreement in the eradication of this practice. Keywords - Sociology, female circumcision, functionalities, qualitative research,quantitative research, Lanao del Sur, Philippines
Evaluation of an Obstetric Ultrasound Curriculum for Midwives in Liberia
Authors: Bentley Suzanne , Hexom Braden , Nelson Bret P.
Published: August 2015

Objectives

Point‐of‐care ultrasound is an effective tool for clinical decision making in low‐ and middle‐income countries, but lack of trained providers is a barrier to its utility in these settings. In Liberia, given that midwives provide most prenatal care, it is hypothesized that training them in prenatal ultrasound through an intensive condensed training course is both feasible and practical.

Methods

This quantitative prospective study of preobservational and postobservational assessment evaluated a 1‐week ultrasound curriculum consisting of 4 modules, each comprising a didactic component, a practical session, and supervised patient encounters. A knowledge‐based pretest and presurvey addressing prior use and comfort were administered. At the intervention conclusion, identical posttests and postsurveys were administered with an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The test, survey, and OSCE were repeated after 1 year. All scores and responses were tabulated, and qualitative analysis with paired t tests was performed.

Results

Thirty‐one midwives underwent intervention and written evaluation, with 14 followed up at 1 year. Seventeen underwent the OSCE, with 8 retained at 1 year. There was a significant increase between pretest and immediate and 1‐year posttest scores (36.6% versus 90% and 66%; P < .001) but no difference between immediate and 1‐year posttest scores (90% versus 66%; P > .05). Average overall comfort using ultrasound increased from presurvey to immediate postsurvey scores (from 1.8 to 3.8; P< .001) and remained higher at the 1‐year postsurvey (1.8 to 3.4; P< .05). Overall OSCE scores remained high from immediately after the OSCE to 1 year after the OSCE (78% to 55%; P > .05).

Conclusions

Midwives in Liberia had very low baseline knowledge and comfort using ultrasound. A 1‐week curriculum increased both short‐ and long‐term knowledge and comfort and led to adequate overall OSCE scores that were retained at 1 year.
Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta by Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry in Patients With Placenta Previa
Authors: Cho Hee Young , Hwang Han Sung , Jung Inkyung , Park Yong Won , Kwon Ja-Young , Kim Young Han
Published: August 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the potential value of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in diagnosing placenta accreta.

Methods

Clinical records of all deliveries between April 1991 and March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Cases of intrauterine growth restriction, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, multiple pregnancies, fetal anomalies, chromosomal abnormalities, and maternal medical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. A total of 11,210 cases were evaluated, including 403 cases of placenta previa without accreta (placenta previa) and 39 cases of placenta previa with accreta (placenta accreta). All patients underwent uterine artery Doppler velocimetry to measure the mean resistive index and pulsatility index (PI) in the third trimester. The analysis included participant characteristics such as age, parity, abortion history, previous cesarean delivery, gestational age at delivery, neonatal sex, and birth weight.

Results

The mean uterine artery PI was significantly lower in the placenta accreta group compared to previa alone (0.51 versus 0.57; P = .002). The odds ratios for placenta accreta were 2.4 for 2 or more previous abortions (P = .011) and 5.3 and 7.0 for 1 and 2 or more previous cesarean deliveries (P = .001 and .005). With an increase in the mean PI by 0.01, the odds ratio for placenta accreta decreased by 0.94 (P < .001). The area under the receive operating characteristic curve was 0.72 for previous cesarean delivery alone, increasing to 0.77 with the combination of the mean PI and previous cesarean delivery (P = .047).

Conclusions

This study suggests that the mean PI measured by uterine artery Doppler velocimetry is reduced in patients with placenta accreta compared to those without accreta. The diagnostic accuracy of placenta accreta can be potentially improved if uterine artery Doppler values and the history of cesarean delivery are combined.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Virtual Reality Simulation Training for Transvaginal Gynecologic Ultrasound Skills
Authors: Chao Coline , Chalouhi Gihad E. , Bouhanna Philippe , Ville Yves , Dommergues Marc
Published: August 2015

Objectives

To compare the impact of virtual reality simulation training and theoretical teaching on the ability of inexperienced trainees to produce adequate virtual transvaginal ultrasound images.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial with parallel groups. Participants included inexperienced residents starting a training program in Paris. The intervention consisted of 40 minutes of virtual reality simulation training using a haptic transvaginal simulator versus 40 minutes of conventional teaching including a conference with slides and videos and answers to the students' questions. The outcome was a 19‐point image quality score calculated from a set of 4 images (sagittal and coronal views of the uterus and left and right ovaries) produced by trainees immediately after the intervention, using the same simulator on which a new virtual patient had been uploaded. Experts assessed the outcome on stored images, presented in a random order, 2 months after the trial was completed. They were blinded to group assignment. The hypothesis was an improved outcome in the intervention group. Randomization was 1 to 1.

Results

The mean score was significantly greater in the simulation group (n = 16; mean score, 12; SEM, 0.8) than the control group (n = 18; mean score, 9; SEM, 1.0; P= .0302).

Conclusions

The quality of virtual vaginal images produced by inexperienced trainees was greater immediately after a single virtual reality simulation training session than after a single theoretical teaching session.
Silicon pools in human impacted soils of temperate zones
Authors: Vandevenne F. I. , Barão L. , Ronchi B. , Govers G. , Meire P. , Kelly E. F. , Struyf E.
Published: August 2015

Besides well‐known effects of climate and parent material on silicate weathering the role of land use change as a driver in the global silicon cycle is not well known. Changes in vegetation cover have altered reservoirs of silicon and carbon in plants and soils. This has potential consequences for plant‐Si availability, agricultural yields, and coastal eutrophication, as Si is a beneficial element for many crop plants and an essential nutrient for diatom growth. We here examined the role of sustained and intensive land use and human disturbance on silicon (Si) pool distribution in soils with similar climatological and bulk mineralogical characteristics. We show that land use impacts both biogenic and nonbiogenic Si pools. While biogenic Si strongly decreases along the land use change gradient (from forest to croplands), pedogenic silica fractions (e.g. pedogenic clays) increase in topsoils with a long duration of cultivation and soil disturbance. Our results suggest that nonbiogenic Si pools might compensate for the loss of reactive biogenic silicon in temperate zones.
Disruption of hydroecological equilibrium in southwest Amazon mediated by drought
Authors: Maeda Eduardo Eiji , Kim Hyungjun , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. , Famiglietti James S. , Oki Taikan
Published: August 2015

The impacts of droughts on the Amazon ecosystem have been broadly discussed in recent years, but a comprehensive understanding of the consequences is still missing. In this study, we show evidence of a fragile hydrological equilibrium in the western Amazon. While drainage systems located near the equator and the western Amazon do not show water deficit in years with average climate conditions, this equilibrium can be broken during drought events. More importantly, we show that this effect is persistent, taking years until the normal hydrological patterns are reestablished. We show clear links between persistent changes in forest canopy structure and changes in hydrological patterns, revealing physical evidence of hydrological mechanisms that may lead to permanent changes in parts of the Amazon ecosystem. If prospects of increasing drought frequency are confirmed, a change in the current hydroecological patterns in the western Amazon could take place in less than a decade.
Subglacial water drainage, storage, and piracy beneath the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Lindbäck K. , Pettersson R. , Hubbard A. L. , Doyle S. H. , van As D. , Mikkelsen A. B. , Fitzpatrick A. A.
Published: August 2015

Meltwater drainage across the surface of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is well constrained by measurements and modeling, yet despite its critical role, knowledge of its transit through the subglacial environment remains limited. Here we present a subglacial hydrological analysis of a land‐terminating sector of the GrIS at unprecedented resolution that predicts the routing of surface‐derived meltwater once it has entered the basal drainage system. Our analysis indicates the probable existence of small subglacial lakes that remain undetectable by methods using surface elevation change or radar techniques. Furthermore, the analysis suggests transient behavior with rapid switching of subglacial drainage between competing catchments driven by seasonal changes in the basal water pressure. Our findings provide a cautionary note that should be considered in studies that attempt to relate and infer future response from surface temperature, melt, and runoff from point measurements and/or modeling with measurements of proglacial discharge and ice dynamics.
TiO2 Microspheres with Controllable Surface Area and Porosity for Enhanced Light Harvesting and Electrolyte Diffusion in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ding Yong , Zhou Li , Mo Li'e , Jiang Ling , Hu Linhua , Li Zhaoqian , Chen Shuanghong , Dai Songyuan
Published: August 2015

An optimized configuration of TiO2 microspheres in photoanodes is of great importance to prepare highly efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this work, TiO2 microspheres with tunable diameter, pore size, and porosity are synthesized by subtly adjusting the synthesizing conditions, including ratios of deionized water, ammonia, and ethanol, respectively. TiO2 microspheres are obtained with large pore sizes and a high porosity without sacrificing specific surface areas. In addition, the effect of their porosity and pore size on the performance of DSSCs is investigated. As confirmed by the dye‐loading ability and electrolyte diffusion resistance, the large mesopores and the high porosity of the TiO2 microspheres can improve dye adsorption and facilitate electrolyte diffusion, giving rise to a high light‐harvesting and electron collection efficiency. Consequently, the highest photocurrent of 19.21 mA cm−2 and a power conversion efficiency of 9.98% are obtained by using the TiO2 microspheres with the highest porosity, compared with a 9.29% efficiency demonstrated by the lowest porosity (an improvement of 7.4%). By modifying the interconnection and the external pores of the microspheres photoanode, a high efficiency of 11.67% is achieved for a DSSC based on the most potent TiO2 microspheres.
High‐Performance n‐Type Electrical Memory and Morphology‐Induced Memory‐Mode Tuning of a Well‐Defined Brush Polymer Bearing Perylene Diimide Moieties
Authors: Kim Young Yong , Ree Brian J. , Kido Makoto , Ko Yong‐Gi , Ishige Ryohei , Hirai Tomoyasu , Wi Dongwoo , Kim Jehan , Kim Won Jong , Takahara Atsushi , Ree Moonhor
Published: August 2015

Poly(N‐(1‐hexylheptyl)‐N′‐(12‐oxydodecyl)perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxyldiimide acrylate) (PAcPDI), a perylene diimide (PDI) containing brush polymer, is synthesized, revealing good solubility in organic solvents, excellent thermal stability up to around 340 °C, and two melting transitions over 130−220 °C. The self‐assembly and n‐type memory characteristics of PAcPDI in nanoscale thin films are quantitatively investigated. As‐cast films of PAcPDI are completely amorphous and the PDI units nevertheless formed π–π stacks favorably. However, the PAcPDI molecules can self‐assemble via thermal annealing, developing a well‐ordered horizontal lamellar structure with monomorphic or polymorphic monoclinic PDI crystals. The formation of monomorphic or polymorphic monoclinic crystals is attributed to various π–π stack modes of the PDI units, and is shown to be dependent on the film thickness. The differences in the thin film morphologies are directly reflected into the electrical memory behavior. The thermally annealed films demonstrate high‐performance n‐type unipolar volatile memory behavior within the thickness range of 12−31 nm. The as‐cast films show n‐type unipolar nonvolatile or volatile memory behavior in the range of 12−53 nm. The memory mode of PAcPDI films can be tuned by changing either the morphology or the film thickness.
From Ultrafast Structure Determination to Steering Reactions: Mixed IR/Non‐IR Multidimensional Vibrational Spectroscopies
Authors: van Wilderen Luuk J. G. W. , Bredenbeck Jens
Published: August 2015

Ultrafast multidimensional infrared spectroscopy is a powerful method for resolving features of molecular structure and dynamics that are difficult or impossible to address with linear spectroscopy. Augmenting the IR pulse sequences by resonant or nonresonant UV, Vis, or NIR pulses considerably extends the range of application and creates techniques with possibilities far beyond a pure multidimensional IR experiment. These include surface‐specific 2D‐IR spectroscopy with sub‐monolayer sensitivity, ultrafast structure determination in non‐equilibrium systems, triggered exchange spectroscopy to correlate reactant and product bands, exploring the interplay of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom, investigation of interactions between Raman‐ and IR‐active modes, imaging with chemical contrast, sub‐ensemble‐selective photochemistry, and even steering a reaction by selective IR excitation. We give an overview of useful mixed IR/non‐IR pulse sequences, discuss their differences, and illustrate their application potential.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of SrC(NH)3, a Nitrogen‐Based Carbonate Analogue with the Trinacria Motif
Authors: Missong Ronja , George Janine , Houben Andreas , Hoelzel Markus , Dronskowski Richard
Published: August 2015

Strontium guanidinate, SrC(NH)3, the first compound with a doubly deprotonated guanidine unit, was synthesized from strontium and guanidine in liquid ammonia and characterized by X‐ray and neutron diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and density‐functional theory including harmonic phonon calculations. The compound crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/m, constitutes the nitrogen analogue of strontium carbonate, SrCO3, and its structure follows a layered motif between Sr2+ ions and complex anions of the type C(NH)32−; the anions adopt the peculiar trinacria shape. A comparison of theoretical phonons with experimental IR bands as well as quantum‐chemical bonding analyses yield a first insight into bonding and packing of the formerly unknown anion in the crystal.
Modeling flocks with perceptual agents from a dynamicist perspective
Authors: Pino Angel Zaldivar , Bedia Manuel Gonzalez , Serón Arbeloa Francisco José
Published: August 2015

Computational simulations of flocks and crowds have typically been processed by a set of logic or syntactic rules. In recent decades, a new generation of systems has emerged from dynamicist approaches in which the agents and the environment are treated as a pair of dynamical systems coupled informationally and mechanically. Their spontaneous interactions allow them to achieve the desired behavior. The main proposition assumes that the agent does not need a full model or to make inferences before taking actions; rather, the information necessary for any action can be derived from the environment with simple computations and very little internal state. In this paper, we present a simulation framework in which the agents are endowed with a sensing device, an oscillator network as controller and actuators to interact with the environment. The perception device is designed as an optic array emulating the principles of the animal retina, which assimilates stimuli resembling optic flow to be captured from the environment. The controller modulates informational variables to action variables in a sensory‐motor flow. Our approach is based on the Kuramoto model that describes mathematically a network of coupled phase oscillators and the use of evolutionary algorithms, which is proved to be capable of synthesizing minimal synchronization strategies based on the dynamical coupling between agents and environment. We carry out a comparative analysis with classical implementations taking into account several criteria. It is concluded that we should consider replacing the metaphor of symbolic information processing by that of sensory‐motor coordination in problems of multi‐agent organizations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of restenosis following contemporary subintimal tracking and reentry technique: The importance of final TIMI flow grade
Authors: Carlino Mauro , Figini Filippo , Ruparelia Neil , Uretsky Barry F. , Godino Cosmo , Latib Azeem , Bertoldi Letizia , Brilakis Emmanouil , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Antoniucci David , Margonato Alberto , Colombo Antonio
Published: August 2015

Objectives

To identify predictors of restenosis after recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) with the Subintimal Tracking And Reentry (STAR) technique.

Background

STAR is associated with high rates of restenosis but the associated factors are not clear. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may be important to improve STAR outcomes and possibly other contemporary CTO recanalization techniques utilizing extensive subintimal dissection and stenting.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 211 lesions that underwent a STAR procedure (between 2002 and 2013) with a final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2 or 3. One‐hundred and nineteen lesions that received drug eluting stents (DES) and underwent follow‐up angiography were included in the final analysis.

Results

Of the 119 lesions treated with DES following STAR, 75 restenoses were observed (63.0%). Utilizing multivariate analysis, TIMI flow grade in the recanalized artery following stent implantation at the end of the index procedure was the only independent predictor of restenosis.

Conclusions

Following recanalization of a CTO with STAR, final TIMI flow predicted future restenosis or reocclusion. As a bailout technique, STAR resulted in a high acute success rate with good safety and acceptable long‐term results. When poor flow is observed following recanalization, and prior to stent implantation, a two‐step strategy whereby a second procedure is performed at an interval to maximize coronary flow at the end of the procedure may be considered with the goal to reduce the risk of future restenosis or total vessel occlusion following STAR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety of an abbreviated duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (≤6 months) following second‐generation drug‐eluting stents for coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Ziada Khaled M. , Abdel‐Latif Ahmed , Charnigo Richard , Moliterno David J.
Published: August 2015

Background

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended for ≥12 months following coronary drug‐eluting stents (DES) to reduce risk of major adverse ischemic events. Randomized trials suggest an abbreviated DAPT duration (≤6 months) is adequately protective. However, these trials are individually underpowered to detect differences in rare but serious events such as stent thrombosis (ST).

Objectives

We performed a meta‐analysis of published randomized trials to define the impact of abbreviated DAPT (≤6 months) on death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and bleeding complications compared to standard‐duration DAPT (≥12 months).

Methods

Seven randomized controlled trials comparing abbreviated vs. standard DAPT regimens following DES use were identified by two independent investigators. Study characteristics were reviewed and clinical endpoint data were abstracted and analyzed in aggregate using fixed and random‐effects models.

Results

The seven trials included 15,874 randomized patients. Second‐generation DES were used in most patients. Compared to standard‐duration DAPT, abbreviated DAPT was not associated with an increase in mortality (OR 0.93; CI: 0.73 to 1.17; P = 0.52), MI (OR 1.14; CI: 0.89 to 1.45; P = 0.30) or ST (OR 1.25; CI: 0.81 to 1.93; P = 0.31). Abbreviated DAPT was associated with significantly fewer major bleeding complications (OR 0.52; CI: 0.34 to 0.82; P = 0.005). The results were consistent between fixed and random‐effects models, with no heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses adjusting for inclusion of bare metal stents, 1st generation DES and/or abbreviated DAPT regimens of 3 months resulted in similar conclusions.

Conclusions

In a meta‐analysis of >15,000 patients primarily treated with second‐generation DES, abbreviated‐duration DAPT (≤6 months) was associated with a significant reduction in major bleeding complications with no evidence of a significant increase in risk of death, MI or ST. Accordingly, abbreviated DAPT should be strongly considered for patients receiving second generation DES . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Numerical Simulation Analysis of an Integrative Gas‐Liquid‐Solid Separation Hydrocyclone
Authors: Zhao Lixin , Li Yiqiang , Xu Baorui , Jiang Minghu
Published: August 2015

Normally, a gas‐liquid‐solid separation includes both degassing and desanding processes, which means a relatively higher facility investment and larger energy consumption. Based on an inner‐cone hydrocyclone developed before, an integrative degassing and desanding hydrocyclone was designed. Its design idea and process are described in detail. By means of a hollow inner cone (IC), the separated liquid enters into the cone through holes on it and then flows to the liquid‐phase outlet. Due to integrative separation and tangential solid outlet, the separator has a more compact size. Simulation analysis of the effect of IC diameter and IC height on separation performance was carried out. Results indicate that with a larger IC diameter the gas content in the solid outlet decreases, while as the IC height rises, the gas content in the liquid outlet increases.
Modulare Verfahrenstechnik: Neue Anforderungen an die Apparateentwicklung
Authors: Grünewald Marcus , Heck Joachim
Published: August 2015

Modulare Anlagen in der Verfahrenstechnik wie z. B. Containeranlagen bieten interessante Perspektiven im Vergleich zu etablierten Produktionsanlagen für chemische oder pharmazeutische Prozesse. Für das Konzept der modularen Chemieanlagen sehr gut geeignete modulare Mikro‐bzw. Millireaktoren befinden sich in der Phase der Einführung in den Markt der Prozesstechnologien. Entsprechend hoch ist die Bedeutung von Referenzbeispielen im Produktionsmaßstab. Die Technologieplattform Mikro‐/Millireaktionstechnik erfüllt die Anforderungsprofile von Containeranlagen, was für beispielhaft ausgewähltes Equipment demonstriert wird.
Wandlungsfähige Produktionskonzepte: Flexibel, Mobil, Dezentral, Modular, Beschleunigt
Authors: Lier Stefan , Wörsdörfer Dominik , Grünewald Marcus
Published: August 2015

Die Prozessindustrie stellt sich aktuell den Herausforderungen der globalen Wettbewerbsintensivierung, der zunehmenden Volatilitäten der Märkte, der steigenden Produktdifferenzierung und kürzeren Produktlebenszyklen. Vor diesem Hintergrund versprechen wandlungsfähige Produktionskonzepte durch ihren modularen Aufbau eine verbesserte Anpassung an diese dynamischen Randbedingungen in den Dimensionen Mengenausbringung, Produktvielfalt und Herstellungsort. Zudem sollen Planungs‐ und Entwicklungszeiten durch diese Konzepte beschleunigt werden. Es wird ein Überblick über den Stand der Technik dieser neuartigen Produktionskonzepte gegeben und Chancen und Risiken erörtet. Dabei wird auf alle Ebenen vom Apparat über die Anlage bis hin zur Logistik und entsprechenden Geschäftsmodellen eingegangen.
Communicating anticancer treatment cessation and transition to palliative care: The need for a comprehensive and culturally relevant, person‐centered approach
Authors: Grassi Luigi
Published: August 2015

Communicating the need for cessation of curative treatment and the transition to palliative care is extremely difficult in patients with advanced‐stage cancer. A report by Umezawa and colleagues in this issue highlights the importance of exploring patients' preferences, suggesting the importance of cultural issues and the need for implementing communication skills training within a comprehensive and integrated, person‐centered program. See also pages 000‐000.
How many individuals will need to be screened to increase colorectal cancer screening prevalence to 80% by 2018?
Authors: Fedewa Stacey A. , Ma Jiemin , Sauer Ann Goding , Siegel Rebecca L. , Smith Robert A. , Wender Richard C. , Doroshenk Mary K. , Brawley Otis W. , Ward Elizabeth M. , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

A recent study estimates that 277,000 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and 203,000 CRC deaths will be averted between 2013 and 2030 if the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable goal of increasing CRC screening prevalence to 80% by 2018 is reached. However, the number of individuals who need to be screened (NNS) to achieve this goal is unknown. In this communication, the authors estimate the NNS to achieve 80% by 2018 nationwide and by state.

METHODS

The authors estimated the NNS by subtracting adults aged 50 to 75 years who would need to be screened to achieve an 80% CRC screening prevalence from the number who are currently guideline‐compliant from population estimates for this age group. The 2013 National Health Interview Survey and the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to estimate CRC screening prevalence and data from the US Census Bureau were used to estimate population projections. The NNS were age‐standardized and sex‐standardized.

RESULTS

Nationwide, 24.39 million individuals (95% confidence interval, 24.37‐24.41 million) aged 50 to 75 years will need to be screened to achieve 80% by 2018. By state, the NNS ranged from 45,400 in Vermont to 2.72 million in California. The majority of individuals who need to be screened are aged 50 to 64 years and the largest subgroup is privately insured.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors estimated that at least 24.4 million additional individuals in the United States will need to be screened to achieve the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable goal of increasing CRC screening prevalence to 80% by 2018. To reach this goal, improving facilitators of CRC screening, including physician recommendation and patient awareness, is needed. Cancer 2015;121:4258–4265. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Bayesian analysis of color preferences: An application for product and product line design
Authors: Choi Patrick , Orsborn Seth , Boatwright Peter
Published: August 2015

When choosing which colors to offer in their product lines, firms often rely upon consumer preference models that do not account for the heterogeneity of their target market and do not consider the trade‐offs consumers are willing to make for different color options. For this research we used visual conjoint analysis to assess preference for backpack color and then modeled respondent utilities with a Bayesian hierarchal multinomial logit model. This provided counter intuitive results in which product line color options are not additive but each color changes depending on the number of options the firm is willing to offer and that colors which seem to dominate secondary preferences within a target market may not be the best colors to choose for product line expansion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 445–456, 2016
Synthesis, X‐Ray Structure, Magnetic Properties, and a Study of Intra/Intermolecular Radical–Radical Interactions of a Triradical TEMPO Compound
Authors: Lloveras Vega , Badetti Elena , Wurst Klaus , Vidal‐Gancedo José
Published: August 2015

A novel triradical compound with a P=S core and three branches functionalized with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) radicals is synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and EPR spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, and its chemical structure is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The triradical shows neither spin exchange interactions between its radical units nor detectable dipolar interactions. This is consistent with the separation between the radical units found in its X‐ray diffraction structure, and discounts the existence of intramolecular interactions. This conclusion is confirmed by an EPR concentration study. The concentration at which intermolecular interactions start to appear is determined (5×10−3 m) and this concentration should be taken into account as a higher concentration limit when studies on intramolecular radical–radical interactions in polyradicals with similar structure are required. SQUID magnetometry analysis of the compound shows antiferromagnetic interactions between the spin carriers of different molecules; that is, antiferromagnetic intermolecular interactions.
Therapeutic Targeting of microRNAs in Cancer: Future Perspectives
Authors: Tutar Lütfi , Tutar Esen , Özgür Aykut , Tutar Yusuf
Published: August 2015

Preclinical Research

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their link with cancer has opened a new era in cancer therapeutics. Approximately, 18 − 24 nucleotides long, miRNAs can up‐regulate or down‐regulate gene expression in many cancer types and are respectively categorized as oncogenes (oncomirs) or tumor suppressors. Expression profiles of miRNAs with biomarker potential can be used for the classification, diagnosis, therapeutic treatment, and prognosis of different cancer types. miRNA mimics and miRNA antagonists are the two main approaches to miRNA‐based cancer therapies that respectively inhibit oncomirs or restore the expression of tumor suppressive miRNAs. This review serves to provide some general insight into miRNA biogenesis, cancer related miRNAs, and miRNA therapeutics. Drug Dev Res 76 : 382–388, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of changing climate on aquatic habitat and connectivity for remnant populations of a wide‐ranging frog species in an arid landscape
Authors: Pilliod David S. , Arkle Robert S. , Robertson Jeanne M. , Murphy Melanie A. , Funk W. Chris
Published: August 2015

Amphibian species persisting in isolated streams and wetlands in desert environments can be susceptible to low connectivity, genetic isolation, and climate changes. We evaluated the past (1900–1930), recent (1981–2010), and future (2071–2100) climate suitability of the arid Great Basin (USA) for the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) and assessed whether changes in surface water may affect connectivity for remaining populations. We developed a predictive model of current climate suitability and used it to predict the historic and future distribution of suitable climates. We then modeled changes in surface water availability at each time period. Finally, we quantified connectivity among existing populations on the basis of hydrology and correlated it with interpopulation genetic distance. We found that the area of the Great Basin with suitable climate conditions has declined by approximately 49% over the last century and will likely continue to decline under future climate scenarios. Climate conditions at currently occupied locations have been relatively stable over the last century, which may explain persistence at these sites. However, future climates at these currently occupied locations are predicted to become warmer throughout the year and drier during the frog's activity period (May – September). Fall and winter precipitation may increase, but as rain instead of snow. Earlier runoff and lower summer base flows may reduce connectivity between neighboring populations, which is already limited. Many of these changes could have negative effects on remaining populations over the next 50–80 years, but milder winters, longer growing seasons, and wetter falls might positively affect survival and dispersal. Collectively, however, seasonal shifts in temperature, precipitation, and stream flow patterns could reduce habitat suitability and connectivity for frogs and possibly other aquatic species inhabiting streams in this arid region.
Warming decreased and grazing increased plant uptake of amino acids in an alpine meadow
Authors: Ma Shuang , Zhu Xiaoxue , Zhang Jing , Zhang Lirong , Che Rongxiao , Wang Fang , Liu Hanke , Niu Haishan , Wang Shiping , Cui Xiaoyong
Published: August 2015

Organic nitrogen (N) uptake by plants has been recognized as a significant component of terrestrial N cycle. Several studies indicated that plants have the ability to switch their preference between inorganic and organic forms of N in diverse environments; however, research on plant community response in organic nitrogen uptake to warming and grazing is scarce. Here, we demonstrated that organic N uptake by an alpine plant community decreased under warming with 13C–15N‐enriched glycine addition method. After 6 years of treatment, warming decreased plant organic N uptake by 37% as compared to control treatment. Under the condition of grazing, warming reduced plant organic N uptake by 44%. Grazing alone significantly increased organic N absorption by 15%, whereas under warming condition grazing did not affect organic N uptake by the Kobresia humilis community on Tibetan Plateau. Besides, soil NO3–N content explained more than 70% of the variability observed in glycine uptake, and C:N ratio in soil dissolved organic matter remarkably increased under warming treatment. These results suggested warming promoted soil microbial activity and dissolved organic N mineralization. Grazing stimulated organic N uptake by plants, which counteracted the effect of warming.
Covalent Attachment of Thiophene Groups to Polyoxomolybdates or Poly­oxotungstates for the Formation of Hybrid Films
Authors: Saad Ali , Anwar Nargis , Rousseau Guillaume , Mialane Pierre , Marrot Jérôme , Haouas Mohamed , Taulelle Francis , Mc Cormac Timothy , Dolbecq Anne
Published: August 2015

A novel bisphosphonate ligand bearing a thiophene group (AleThio) was synthesized and its covalent grafting to polyoxometalates (POMs) investigated. The hybrid polyoxomolybdate [(Mo3O8)4(O3PC(O)(C3H6NH2CH2C4H3S)PO3)4]8– [Mo12(AleThio)4] was synthesized in water by the reaction of Na2MoO4 with AleThio. It is built of four {MoVI3O8} units connected by phosphonate groups around a central Na+ ion. The reaction of the trivacant [PW9O34]9– units with CoII or NiII ions in the presence of AleThio led to the sandwich‐type anions [(PW9O34)2(OH)2(H2O)4M7(O3PC(O)(C3H6NH2CH2C4H3S)PO3)2]14– [M = Ni, Co; M7(AleThio)2]. Salts soluble in organic solvent were prepared by cation‐exchange with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium ions. 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that Mo12(AleThio)4 is stable in acidic medium (pH ≤ 4) while the M7(AleThio)2 POMs are stable in alkaline medium (6 ≤ pH ≤ 13). Their cyclovoltammograms were recorded in solution. Attempts to surface immobilize the POMs through homo‐polymerization were unsuccessful but co‐polymerization employing 3‐methylthiophene led to polymeric films with covalently attached POMs.
Intramolecular C–H Amination Reaction Provides Direct Access to 1,2‐Disubstituted Diamondoids
Authors: Hrdina Radim , Metz Fabian M. , Larrosa Marta , Berndt Jan‐Philipp , Zhygadlo Yevgeniya Y. , Becker Sabine , Becker Jonathan
Published: August 2015

We present a new approach to disubstituted diamondoids from corresponding carboxylic acids. A dirhodium‐acetate‐catalyzed (1 mol‐%) nitrene insertion reaction of sulfamides was, for the first time, applied to intramolecular C–H functionalization reactions of rigid tricyclic frameworks. This straightforward approach enables the effective and regioselective synthesis of a variety of diamondoid‐based cyclic sulfamidates, which are synthetically valuable building blocks. Reductive deprotection of the sulfamidate moiety leads to corresponding 1,3‐amino alcohol derivatives. Oxidation of the sulfamidate moiety by KMnO4 provides access to 1,3‐keto alcohols or imines. Finally, we report the synthesis of Vildagliptin® analogues as new antidiabetic drug candidates (DPP‐4 inhibitors).
Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Paracetamol and Diclofenac Based on Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Functionalized Graphene
Authors: Okoth Otieno Kevin , Yan Kai , Liu Lan , Zhang Jingdong
Published: August 2015

A simple but sensitive electrochemical method was proposed for simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PCT) and diclofenac (DCF) based on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) functionalized graphene (GR). Although GR enhanced the electro‐oxidation peak currents of PCT and DCF, the peak potential difference between two drugs was reduced. By contrast, PDDA‐GR greatly increased the electrochemical currents of both analytes while provided well‐separated peak potentials. Thus, the voltammetric behavior and simultaneous electrochemical determination of PCT and DCF were investigated on PDDA‐GR. The applicability of the proposed method was verified when it was applied in determination of PCT and DCF in pharmaceuticals and lake water.
Highly‐sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Rutin Using NMP‐exfoliated Graphene Nanosheets‐modified Electrode
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Long Jianghua , Sun Dong
Published: August 2015

Graphene nanosheets (GS) were prepared through solvent exfoliation, and used to greatly enhance the oxidation activity of rutin. On the surface of GS, a sensitive oxidation wave at 0.26 V was observed for rutin, and the peak currents increased significantly. As a result, a highly sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the determination of rutin. The linear range was from 10 nM to 1.25 μM, and the detection limit was 3.2 nM. It was used in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines, and the results consisted with the values of that obtained by high performance liquid chromatography.