bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analgesic effects of intraneural injection of ethyl alcohol or formaldehyde in the palmar digital nerves of horses
Authors: Schneider Christine P. , Ishihara Akikazu , Adams Todd P. , Zekas Lisa J. , Oglesbee Michael , Bertone Alicia L.
Published: August 2014

Objective—To determine analgesic effects of intraneural injection of ethyl alcohol or formaldehyde in the palmar digital nerves of horses.

Animals—6 horses.

Procedures—Ethyl alcohol was injected in the medial palmar digital nerve of 1 forelimb, and formaldehyde was injected in the contralateral nerve. The lateral palmar digital nerve in 1 forelimb was surgically exposed, but not injected, and the contralateral lateral palmar digital nerve was not treated. For each heel, severity of lameness in response to experimentally induced heel pain (lameness score and peak vertical force), thermal reaction time, and heel skin sensitivity scores were recorded. Heel pain was experimentally induced by advancing a threaded bolt through a custom-made horseshoe to apply pressure to the palmar horned aspect of the hoof. Horses were followed up for 112 days, when a subset of nerves was sampled for histologic analysis.

Results—Alcohol and formaldehyde significantly reduced all measures of heel pain, and analgesia was evident over the 112 days of the study. Pastern circumference was significantly greater for formaldehyde-treated than for alcohol-treated limbs. Histologic evaluation showed preservation of nerve fiber alignment with an intact epineurium, loss of axons, axon degeneration, fibrosis, and inflammation in alcohol-treated and formaldehyde-treated nerves.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that intraneural injection of either ethyl alcohol or formaldehyde in the palmar digital nerves of horses resulted in substantial, but partial, heel analgesia that persisted for at least 112 days. No advantage of formaldehyde over alcohol was found, and formaldehyde resulted in greater soft tissue inflammation.
Tertiarization and Human Capital: Do They Matter for Growth? Insights From Portugal
Authors: Pedrosa Silva Duarte Maria Adelaide , Nunes Simões Marta Cristina
Published: August 2014

We investigate the existence of causality among sectoral productivity, services sector expansion, human capital, and aggregate productivity over the period 1970-2006 in the Portuguese economy taking into account the contribution of services sub-sectors with different potential for productivity improvements, market and non-market services. The main aim is to examine whether the increasing tertiarization of the Portuguese economy constituted an obstacle or an opportunity for its aggregate productivity performance and if the expansion of the services sector is related to human capital availability, based on the former disaggregation of the services sector. The evidence suggests bidirectional causality between sectoral and aggregate productivity, with sectoral employment shares and human capital not revealing themselves as relevant for the explanation of the other variables nor being influenced by them. Across services categories, non-market services seem to be the most influential one, making a positive and lasting contribution to aggregate productivity, while market services seem to have had no influence on aggregate productivity dynamics
Migration Costs in Asymmetric Environments and Education Outsourcing. The Case of Romania
Authors: Oprean Victor Bogdan
Published: August 2014

In the conditions of the international mobility of the labor forces, there is a complex set of incentives to provide an international applicability of a given type of education. But there is a specific cost of providing such education for the countries that face an education outsourcing. The objective of this study is to provide an assessment of such cost for an emerging economy like the Romanian one. We are adopting a modified version of the analytical framework proposed by Poutvaara (2005). This framework describes the link between public education and migration, and can be used to test the migration incentives from Romania to EU15 countries. Further, we estimate the loss of Romanian economy as a result of such a process using a dataset for a 7-year period prior and post- Romanian accession to EU in 2007
Slovenian Managers in Business Negotiations
Authors: Završnik Bruno
Published: August 2014

Negotiations are an integral part of our life, both personal as well as at business level. The negotiations are old just as much as the human race and covering all human activities. They are the most complex forms of relationships between people, which represent a number of interdisciplinary knowledge and skills. The secret of successful negotiations is usually good prepared of the negotiators. Negotiations do not begin when we meet with opposite negotiator, but much earlier. The purpose of this study was to find out the negotiations in practice, what the negotiators, the Slovenian managers how to prepare for negotiations, how to negotiate, what negotiating tactics used, what personal qualities emphasize in the negotiations and, and finally how to evaluate themselves as negotiators
Determinants of Information Technology Outsourcing
Authors: Mazza Tatiana , Azzali Stefano
Published: August 2014

Financial reporting is a key outputs of Information Technology (IT). Thus to assure the reliability of financial reporting, the IT audit has to be evaluated. The evaluation of IT Audit is necessary also when the IT is outsourced. This paper aims to identify the determinants of the Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) decision in Italy and to test empirically the ITO framework developed theoretically by Lacity et al. (2011), using the variable construction based on Lacity et al. (2010). We use a questionnaire addressed to Italian companies which are today obliged to comply with Law 262/2005. The aim is to test the reliability of financial reporting through the evaluation of internal control, such as IT audit. We control for the non-response bias. We build a panel data for our regression model. We find that client firm characteristics, Task Complexity and ITO outcomes are significant for Italian listed companies in the ITO decision. The findings are original in that they concern a country which has specific characteristics and where very little empirical research exists on the topic.
Genetic Differentiation of Common Fox Vulpes Vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Basis of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf1), Myosin-Xv (Myo15a) and Paired Box Homeotic 3 (Pax3) Genes Fragments Polymorphism
Authors: Jakubczak Andrzej , Gryzińska Magdalena , Horecka Beata , Kasperek Kornel , Dziadosz Katarzyna , Jeżewska-Witkowska Grażyna
Published: August 2014

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was analysed for selected fragments of three genes - insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), myosin-XV (MYO15A) and paired box homeotic gene 3 (PAX3) - in farm and wild red foxes from two continents. The study was undertaken in order to verify whether the SNP characteristics of these genes enable farm-bred foxes to be distinguished from free-living foxes. The greatest number of changes were detected in the IGF1 gene. For each of the genes investigated specific SNP profiles characteristic only for farm foxes and only for wild foxes were noted. At the same time, specific SNP profiles were noted for wild foxes from North America and from Europe. The frequency of SNP (bases per SNP) in the gene fragments examined was 22 bp for IGF1, 34 bp for PAX3 and 56 bp for MYO15A. Single-nucleotide polymorphism is a very good molecular marker enabling characterization of nucleotide variation in the genes investigated between wild and farm individuals
Characteristics of Staphylococcus Xylosus Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis in Cows
Authors: Bochniarz Mariola , Wawron Władysław , Szczubiał Marek , Brodzki Piotr , Piech Tomasz , Kusy Roland
Published: August 2014

The aim of the present study was to determine virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from subclinical mastitis in cows. The material consisted of 42 isolates of S. xylosus obtained from 276 samples of milk collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. The isolates were obtained from the udder secretions of 33 cows from farms in the Lublin region (Poland). S. xylosus was found in 15.2% of tested milk samples. The study did not reveal any macroscopic changes in the milk or symptoms in the cow’s body. The number of somatic cells in milk samples ranged from 245,000 to 416,000/ml of milk (on average 268,000/ml of milk). The ability to produce slime was observed in 42.9% of S. xylosus isolates. None of the tested isolates demonstrated the ability to produce protease or cause haemolysis. Five isolates of S. xylosus (11.9%) were classified to the methicillin-resistant group. The mecA gene was not found in any of these isolates. The enzyme β-lactamase was detected in 28.6% of S. xylosus isolates. The highest efficacy against S. xylosus was demonstrated for cephalosporin antibiotics: cefacetrile and cefoperazone (80.1% and 76.2% of susceptible isolates of S. xylosus, respectively). A significant quantity of isolates was resistant to streptomycin, linkomycin, penicillin and neomycin (approximately 10% of susceptible isolates of S. xylosus).
Impact of Prl and Fst Loci Polymorphism on Sexual Activity of Puławska Gilts* *
Authors: Babicz Marek , Skrzypczak Ewa , Kropiwiec Kinga , Kozubska-Sobocińska Anna , Danielak-Czech Barbara
Published: August 2014

PRL (prolactin) and FST (follistatin) genes were investigated and analysed with regard to values of selected indices determining the reproductive activity of gilts in heat. The performed analyses comprised gilts of Puławska breed kept within the framework of the Genetic Resources Protection Programme of Farm Animals. Ninety-six gilts were phenotyped (one set for FST and one set for PRL). Each genotype (PRL, FST) group was represented by an equinumerous population of 32 gilts. The analysis took into consideration the second and third spontaneous oestrus during which the following parameters were assessed: age, body weight, duration of the tolerance reflex in the phase of true oestrus and intensity of reproductive responses during the oestrus period. The sexual behaviour was estimated with the assistance of: the manual method, mounting with a simultaneous pressure with knees of the lumbosacral area, and using a teaser boar in accordance with a 3-point score. The performed experiments revealed a significant impact of polymorphism in the FST locus on oestrous activity. On the other hand, the PRL gene was found to affect feeding behaviour, motor activity (including oestrous) and contributed to lack of motor activity treated as rest or sleep.
Effect of feed structure on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and gastrointestinal tract of pigs – A Review
Authors: Flis Marianna , Sobotka Wiesław , Purwin Cezary
Published: August 2014

The objective of this manuscript has been to analyse published data on the effect of feed structure (coarse/fine, meal/pelleted) on some parameters of the nutritional value of feed, performance of pigs and their gastrointestinal tract. The papers reporting mean geometric particle size or distribution of particles on sieves for the feeds used, were mainly considered. The literature data have indicated that finely ground feeds have a higher ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids and higher faecal digestibility of nutrients. They also contain more digestible and metabolisable energy than coarser ground feeds. Reduction of feed particle size has a stronger impact on the gain/feed ratio increase than on the daily gain of pigs. However, coarser feed structure and roller milling are efficient in maintaining the health of stomach. Lactic bacteria, stomach pH, short chain fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as well as the volume and character of mucins positively responded to coarser and to non-pelleted feeds. Less intensively ground feeds, especially before pelleting, are also better at protecting the GIT of pigs against microbial infection by Salmonella enterica. Based on the references, some recommendations of grinding intensity have also been included.
Blood Immunological and Biochemical Indicators in Turkey Hens Fed Diets With a Different Content of the Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica
Authors: Czech Anna , Merska Malwina , Ognik Katarzyna
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study was to determine immunological and biochemical blood indicators of turkey hens administered feed mixtures with 3 or 6% of Yarrowia lipolytica strain yeast as a dietary nutrient. The experiment was carried out on 240 turkey hens, aged from 1 to 16 weeks. The hens were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups of 80 birds. Group I served as a control (K) and did not receive any experimental compounds. The turkey hens from experimental groups (YL3, YL6) were administered dried Yarrowia lipolytica yeast in two doses: 3% (YL3) and 6% (YL6) in feed mixtures. The study showed that the addition of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast in a dose of 3% but mainly in a dose of 6% stimulated the body’s immune defence mechanisms, which was evidenced by the increase in plasma lysozyme, % KF, IF, and reduction of monocyte ratio H/L in turkey hens. The advantage of using Yarrowia lipolytica in the nutrition of turkey hens was also a decrease in the content of blood indicators of lipid peroxidation such as CHOL, TG and LDL-cholesterol fraction, and an increase in the percentage of HDL-cholesterol fraction. The use of yeast component in the feeding of turkey hens affected the health status of birds and contributed to proper (not deviating from the reference values) biochemical indicators of metabolism.
Effect of Achillea Millefolium L. and Matricaria Chamomilla L. on Consumption of Juniperus Oxycedrus L. and J. Phoenicea L. by Goats
Authors: Rogosic Jozo , Saric Tomislav , Zupan Ivan
Published: August 2014

Reduction in herbage production and plant diversity on rangelands on the coastal part of Croatia, due to invasion of terpene-rich shrubs has been recorded during the recent period. Therefore, there is a strong need to understand ecological relationships between plant and animal components of these shrubby ecosystems. Through four consecutive experiments, we investigated the potential of two well-known medicinal herbs, Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) and Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile), as a feed supplement to increase intake of two terpenoid shrubs, Juniperus oxycedrus and J. phoenicea, by goats. Preliminary research indicated that both yarrow and chamomile had a positive influence on the intake of J. phoenicea by goats, but not on the consumption of J. oxycedrus. Our model could be implemented in the field as an approach to reduce the abundance of J. phoenicea in the environment and to improve the quality of herbage (grasses and forbs) on Mediterranean pastures.
Concentrates Made from Legume Seeds (Lupinus Angustifolius, Lupinus Luteus and Pisum Sativum) and Rapeseed Meal as Protein Sources in Laying Hen Diets
Authors: Rutkowski Andrzej , Kaczmarek Sebastian A. , Hejdysz Marcin , Nowaczewski Sebastian , Jamroz Dorota
Published: August 2014

The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of two protein concentrates composed of rapeseed meal and new cultivars of narrow-leaved and yellow lupine, peas in laying hen diets and their influence on birds’ performance and egg characteristics. The experiment was conducted with 180 layers kept in individual cages. The birds were randomly assigned to three treatments, with 60 hens in each and during the period of 17 weeks, they were fed diets: I - containing soybean meal as a protein source, II - containing protein concentrates composed of mixture of lupines, peas (19.48% of diet) and rapeseed meal, III - containing protein concentrates composed of a mixture of lupines and peas (27.68% of diet). The body weight, laying rate, egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg characteristics were registered. After 9 weeks of experiment, a decrease of laying rate was recorded in treatment III. The mean value of laying rate for 17 weeks amounted to 82.7 (I), 82.5 (II) and 75.9% (III) (P<0.01). The egg weight was diversified already after 4 weeks of egg production and averaged 57.9 (I), 55.9 (II) and 54.9 g (III) (P<0.05). Feed intake amounted to 108 (I), 111 (II) and 104 g per hen/day (III), and FCR was 2.05, 3.17 and 2.23 kg/kg egg weight, respectively. As to egg characteristics, increases of white index (P<0.05), Haugh unit score and yolk colour in treatment III were observed but egg shell thickness was found significantly reduced. In conclusion, the use of about 27.68% of legume seed in laying hen diet affected negatively performance results but about 19.48% of these seeds and 8% rapeseed meal in diets could be accepted as a soybean meal substitute.
Persistent Sequences with Effective Random Access and Support for Infinity
Authors: Grzanek Konrad
Published: August 2014

Persistent sequences are the core data structure in functional programming style. Their typical implementations usually allow creating infinite streams of objects. Unfortunately, asking for length of an infinite data structure never ends or ends with a run-time error. Similarly, there is no default way to make an effective, O[1] or logarithmic access to an arbitrarily chosen sequence element, even when the nature of the correlation between index value and the sequence element is known. This paper presents a Clojure library that meets these limitations and offers an enhanced version of sequences with a support for effective random access and the ability to ask for an infinite length.
Analysis of Flatness Deviations for Austenitic Stainless Steel Workpieces after Efficient Surface Machining
Authors: Nadolny K. , Kapłonek W.
Published: August 2014

The following work is an analysis of flatness deviations of a workpiece made of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 austenitic stainless steel. The workpiece surface was shaped using efficient machining techniques (milling, grinding, and smoothing). After the machining was completed, all surfaces underwent stylus measurements in order to obtain surface flatness and roughness parameters. For this purpose the stylus profilometer Hommel-Tester T8000 by Hommelwerke with HommelMap software was used. The research results are presented in the form of 2D surface maps, 3D surface topographies with extracted single profiles, Abbott-Firestone curves, and graphical studies of the Sk parameters. The results of these experimental tests proved the possibility of a correlation between flatness and roughness parameters, as well as enabled an analysis of changes in these parameters from shaping and rough grinding to finished machining. The main novelty of this paper is comprehensive analysis of measurement results obtained during a three-step machining process of austenitic stainless steel. Simultaneous analysis of individual machining steps (milling, grinding, and smoothing) enabled a complementary assessment of the process of shaping the workpiece surface macro- and micro-geometry, giving special consideration to minimize the flatness deviations
Soft Measurement of Water Content in Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow Based on RS-SVM Classifier and GA-NN Predictor
Authors: Zhang Dongzhi , Xia Bokai
Published: August 2014

Measurement of water content in oil-water mixing flow was restricted by special problems such as narrow measuring range and low accuracy. A simulated multi-sensor measurement system in the laboratory was established, and the influence of multi-factor such as temperature, and salinity content on the measurement was investigated by numerical simulation combined with experimental test. A soft measurement model based on rough set-support vector machine (RS-SVM) classifier and genetic algorithm-neural network (GA-NN) predictors was reported in this paper. Investigation results indicate that RS-SVM classifier effectively realized the pattern identification for water holdup states via fuzzy reasoning and self-learning, and GA-NN predictors are capable of subsection forecasting water content in the different water holdup patterns, as well as adjusting the model parameters adaptively in terms of online measuring range. Compared with the actual laboratory analyzed results, the soft model proposed can be effectively used for estimating the water content in oil-water mixture in all-round measuring range
Occupational exposure to Am-Be neutron calibration source mounted in OB26 shielding container
Authors: Szewczak Kamil , Jednorog Slawomir
Published: August 2014

Laboratory for Dosimetric and Radon Instruments Calibration which is a part of Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLRP) in Warsaw is equipped with 241Am-Be neutron calibration source with activity of 185 GBq since 1999. The capsule was mounted in the OB26 type shielding container. The control room is separated from the above source by a concrete wall of 0.5 m in thickness. The calibration hall is adjacent to one side of the offi ce room. To comply with the requirements of the radiological protection system, the occupational exposure of persons that are working both in the offi ce and control room needs to be assessed. Two methods were involved for ambient dose equivalent rate determination. The active instrument measurements (AIMs) performed with the Berthold LB6411 neutron probe and the Monte Carlo simulation method (MCS) based on MCNP5 code. These estimations were completed for fi ve reference points. Additionally the γ radiation component was measured by RSS131 ionisation chamber. An increased value of the ambient dose equivalent rate from neutrons was observed in two reference positions. The fi rst observation was done in the control room while the second one in the offi ce room. Expected individual dose equivalents were evaluated based on the results of the AIM and on the expected working time in particular reference points. The annual individual dose equivalent associated with calibration activities using mentioned neutron source was estimated at maximum 0.8 mSv.
Reducing of on Polymerization Shrinkage by Application of UV Curable Dental Restorative Composites
Authors: Świderska Jolanta , Czech Zbigniew , Świderski Waldemar , Kowalczyk Agnieszka
Published: August 2014

This manuscript describes dental compositions contain in-organic fillers, multifunctional methacrylates and photoinitiators. The main problem by application and UV curing process is the shrinkage of photoreactive dental materials during and after UV curing process. Total shrinkage of UV curable dental composites is a phenomenon of polymerization shrinkage, typical behavior for multifunctional methacrylates during polymerization process. The important factors by curing of dental composites are: kind and concentration of used methacrylates, their functionality, double bond concentration, kind and concentration of added photoinitiator and UV dose. They are investigated UV-curable dental compositions based on 2,2-bis-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryxloyloxypropyl)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) and containing such multifunctional monomers as 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,3-BDDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (T3EGDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), polyethylene glycol 200 dimethacrylate (PEG200DA). Reduction of polymerization shrinkage of dental compositions is at the moment a major problem by dental technology.
Andrzej Chciuk – pisarz (z) Drohobycza
Authors: Bagłajewski Arkadiusz
Published: August 2014

This is a reading of Andrzej Chciuk’s Atlantis and The Moonscape (Ziemia księżycowa), treated as fictions committed to the exploration of the fundamental ontological relationship of person and place, the profound connection between real people and a place. For Chciuk that place is the small town of Drohobycz in Eastern Galicia, conjured up in his amorphic narratives where bits and pieces of a lost world, mined from ‘deep memory’, flicker in a stream of memories, each and all vying for attention. Drohobycz is vivid and unique, a lost Atlantis and the true Arcadia, its indelible presence a sure sign of the strength of the bond between person and place. The article explores yet another aspect of the Drohobycz’s uniqueness. It is the town immortalized in Bruno Schulz’s Cinnamon Shops - hence an attempt to map the intertextual links between Chciuk’s memory trips and the fiction of Schulz
Nie tylko do szuflady. Maria Dąbrowska o Ziemiach Zachodnich po 1945 roku
Authors: Szydłowska Joanna
Published: August 2014

This article attempts to trace and characterize Maria Dąbrowska’s interest in the so-called Western Territories, ie. the eastern provinces of the German Reich handed over to Poland in 1945 as part of the post-war settlement. The analysis, based on the text of her Diaries, tries to establish the relative size and importance of her references to the WT, identify their themes and their contemporary social, political and cultural contexts. The article also examines Dąbrowska’s more or less explicit judgments of the policies of Poland’s postwar communist government with regard to the Western Territories
The influence of spontaneously generated coherence on atom-photon entanglement in a Λ-type system with an incoherent pump
Authors: Yang Xin , Yan Dong , Bao Qianqian , Zhang Yan , Cui Cuili
Published: August 2014

Owing to interference induced by spontaneous emission, the density-matrix equations in a three-level Λ-type system have an additional coherence term, which plays a critical role in modulating the inversionless gain and electromagnetically induced transparency effect. In addition, it is shown that spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) has an effect on the entanglement between an atom and a photon of the coupling laser field by calculating the degree of entanglement (DEM) of the atomic system. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the SGC effect on atom-photon entanglement in a Λ-type system, which generally remains a high entangled state. When an incoherent pump source is introduced, we find that the SGC effect could exert considerable influence on the atom reduced entropy under certain conditions for both transient and steady states. More interestingly, such an incoherent pump field could actively affect the short-time dynamic behaviors of the transient quantum entangled state at a certain range of pump rate as a typical coherent case.
Human Capital-Intensive Firms and Symbolic Value Creation
Authors: Cezanne Cécile , Saglietto Laurence
Published: August 2014

The aim of this paper is to study the process of symbolic value creation of human capital-intensive firms. Human capital is a critical resource for firms’ activities. Nevertheless, this dimension is often obscured by industrial economists. In the light of critical resource theory, we analyze how taking into account the inalienable and inimitable nature of specific human capital entails a reconsideration of the role and boundaries of the firm. We show that the firm seeks to coordinate the specialization of its key partners within the frame of its economic boundaries to ensure the long-term optimization of its potential of value. Therefore, the value of the firm depends on all the resources that the firm coordinates. Then we focus on the way HCIF can create different values. We suggest that the firm builds its competitive advantage on different forms of values, in particular the symbolic value incorporated in human capital. Finally, on the basis of these considerations, we identify the wealth included in the critical resources of the firm and to bring to light the process of symbolic value creation associated with it. We suggest that the firm is the value creating entity and the customer both recognizes and derives the value created from whatever it is that the firm provides. We propose a definition of this value and a schema of its creation process based on management works attempts. We conclude by proposing paths of research that could fruitfully be explored to further develop this new subject.
Application of the Varma Model for Sales Forecast: Case of Urmia Gray Cement Factory
Authors: Khodaparasti Ramin Bashir , Moslehi Samad
Published: August 2014

To forecast sales as reliably as possible is one of the most important issues in every business trade. Therefore, in recent years different models have been suggested to deal with this issue. One efficient model is the time series model. This study applies a multivariate time series model to forecast Urmia Gray Cement Factory's sales volume and more importantly, to propose an effective model to be used by other cement factories to predict their sales volume. The two independent variables of costs and revenues and the dependent variable of sales were used in the present study. Results of the study indicated the two independent variables had a positive and direct relationship with sales volume forecast.
Latridius Usovae, a new Species of the Minute Brown Scavenger Beetles (Coleoptera, Latridiidae) from Rovno Amber
Authors: Sergi T. A. , Perkovsky E. E.
Published: August 2014

Based on a fossil specimen from Late Eocene Rovno amber, Latridius usovae Sergi et Perkovsky, sp. n. is described. It differs from Latridius alexeevi Bukejs, Kirejtshuk et Rucker, 2011 and L. jantaricus Borowiec, 1985 (both described from Baltic amber) by the shape of pronotum, elytra, mid and hind tibiae.
Hip Muscle Loads During Running at Various Step Rates
Authors: Lenhart Rachel , Thelen Darryl , Heiderscheit Bryan
Published: August 2014

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional.

Objectives

To characterize hip muscle forces and powers during running, and to determine how these quantities change when altering step rate for a given running speed.

Background

Hip musculature has been implicated in a variety of running-related injuries and, as such, is often the target of rehabilitation interventions, including resistance exercises and gait retraining. The differential contributions of the hip muscles to the task of running are not well understood, and may be important for recognizing the biomechanical mechanisms of running-related injuries and refining current treatment and prevention strategies.

Methods

Thirty healthy participants ran at their preferred speed at 3 different step rates: 90%, 100%, and 110% of their preferred step rate. Whole-body kinematics and ground reaction forces were recorded. A 3-D musculoskeletal model was used to estimate muscle forces needed to produce the measured joint accelerations. Forces and powers of each muscle were compared across step-rate conditions.

Results

Peak force produced by the gluteus medius during running was substantially greater than that of any other hip muscle, with the majority of muscles displaying a period of negative work immediately preceding positive work. The higher running step rate led to an increase in hip flexor, hamstring, and hip extensor loading during swing, but, conversely, substantially diminished peak force and work during loading response for several hip muscles, including the gluteal muscles and piriformis.

Conclusion

Increasing running step rate for a given running speed heightened hamstring and gluteal muscle loading in late swing, while decreasing stance-phase loading in the gluteal muscles and piriformis. These results may enable clinicians to support and refine current treatment strategies, including exercise prescription and gait retraining for running-related injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):766–774. Epub 25 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5575
Plant Regeneration Through Multiple Shoot Formation in Blackgram
Authors: Roy SK , Haque MS , Siddiqua MK
Published: August 2014

Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper, syn. Phaseolus mungo L.) is one of the four major pulse crops. So far, no reports of tissue culture studies aiming at genetic improvement of this crop are available in Bangladesh. The present study comprised of experiments for direct shoot regeneration and plantlet formation in blackgram. Shoot tip explants were cultured on different concentrations of BAP (1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1) and Kinetin (1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1). The highest percentage (85.00%) of multiple shoot initiation was observed in the MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg L-1 kinetin. The regenerated shoots were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA. A high frequency of 85% rooting was observed with 0.2 mg L-1 NAA. The rooted plants were transferred to pots for hardening.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.17458 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 11 - 16, 2007
Optimization of Regeneration Protocol of Rice from Embryo Derived Callus
Authors: Kamal N , Nasuruddin KM , Haque MS , Yasmin S
Published: August 2014

An efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro regeneration is required to achieve high frequency transformation from transformed calli. We report here high frequency plant regeneration from mature embryonic calli of two BINA rice cultivars Binasail and Binadhan-4. Embryonic calllus initiated on MS basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2, 4-D. Several media with different combinations of growth regulators were tried. Maximum shoot regeneration frequency (63.33%) was observed in Binadhan-4 on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l Kinetin + 0.5 mg/l NAA. Maximum root regeneration frequency (70.00%) was observed in Binadhan-4 on MS medium supplemented with 6 mg/l Kinetin + 0.5 mg/l NAA. Well developed plantlets were hardened and transferred to the glasshouse.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.17461 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 25 - 33, 2007
Comparative Genetic Effect of Dwarfing Genes on Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Jahan MA , Hossain MS , Khalekuzzaman M , Hassan MM
Published: August 2014

Norin 10 based dwarfing genes (Rht1 and Rht2) have been widely exploited for increasing the grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by improving partitioning of assimilates to grain. Eight semi-dwarf wheat genotypes having either Rht1 or Rht2 dwarfing genes were compared with a tall control named, Kheri (rht) having no dwarfing genes were evaluated at Rajshahi University, Bangladesh for yield and yield contributing traits. Significant differences in grain yield and yield components were observed in genotypes under study showing the effects of dwarfing genes. Genotype Seri 82 (Rht1) and Kanchan (Rht2) had medium plant height of 75.73 and 72.22 cm respectively, highest number of tillers/plant (7.33 and 7.67), highest number of spikes/plant (6.33 and 6.67) resulted the highest grain yield per plant. Because the dwarfing genes not only provide lodging tolerance but also perhaps pleiotropically affected high yield by allowing more tillers to survive. Number of tillers/plant and number of spikes/plant showed very strong positive correlation with grain yield per plant in all the genotypes. Kheri (rht) with highest plant height (95.17cm) reduced number of tillers/plant (4.00) and spikes/plant (3.67) had the lowest grain yield per plant (3.85g). Aghrani possessed significantly the highest number of grains/spike with medium grain yield/plant (5.94g). The degree of relationship varied from genotype to genotype.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18075 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 49 - 55, 2007
Effect of Earthing up and Level of Irrigation on Yield and Quality Seed Production of Onion
Authors: Ali MK , Alam MN , Barkotulla MAB , Khandaker SMAT , Simon PW
Published: August 2014

A field experiment was conducted during the period from October 2001 to April 2002 to study the effect of earthing up and level of irrigation on yield and quality seed production of onion (cv. Taherpuri) at Rajshahi University campus, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Two different factors were considered, factor (A): Earthing up (E1), without earthing up (E0) and factor (B): irrigation level (5 levels) viz. irrigation start at 1st time and when required (I4), irrigation start at 40 DAP and when required (I3), irrigation start at 60 DAP and when required (I2), irrigation start at 80 DAP and when required (I1), no irrigation or control (I0). The standard dose of cowdung and NPK were applied according to HRDP (1995). The factorial experiment was laid out following at Split Plot Design (SPD) with three replications. The result revealed that bulb emergence, plant height number of leaves, length of scape, tillers, seeded fruits, fruits set, days to blooming, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and germination percentage were significantly influenced by different treatments. The highest seed yield (405.97 kg/ha) was found from earthing up with irrigation start at first time and when required (E1I4) followed by E1I3 (347.37 kg/ha), E0I4 (330.73 kg/ha) compared with other treatments. The results suggested that earthing up with 3-4 times irrigation is more effective for onion seed production in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18163 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 81 - 91, 2007
Structural Development and Establishment of Rampt Models in Roadside, Farmland and Other Slopel and Agroforestry
Authors: Hossain MA
Published: August 2014

The three different models of Roadside Agroforest Multistoried Production Technologies (RAMPT) have been established at Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. These are RAMPT-1 : Single Step Single Slope RAMPT [(SS)2 RAMPT], RAMPT-2 : Double Steps Double Slopes RAMPT [(DS)2 RAMPT], and RAMPT-3 : Triple Steps Triple Slopes RAMPT [(TS)2 RAMPT]. The results of on-going experiments both on MPTS and herbaceous species including crops and medicinal plants under the above models have been observed to be effective and encouraging with a 100% success in tree plantation. Neem, Mehogani and Bakphul based multistoried production systems have been established with understoried shrubby and herbaceous species like Jatropha, lemon, Eryngium, sunflower, turmeric, stem amaranth, chilli, ladys finger (okra), sweet gourd, etc. The structural development and establishment of these models have been described.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18165 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 99 - 107, 2007
Effects of Duckweed (Lemna minor) as Supplementary Feed on Monoculture of Gift Strain of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Uddin MN , Rahman MS , Shahjahan M
Published: August 2014

An experiment was conducted for a period of 135 days on the effect of duckweed (Lemna minor) as supplementary feed on monoculture of GIFT strain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment had two treatments, each with three replications. In treatment-1 ponds were supplied with duckweed as supplementary fish feed and in treatment-2 ponds were kept as control (without supply of duckweed). Ponds were stocked at a stocking density of 150 fingerlings per decimal. The ponds were fertilized fortnightly with poultry dropping at the rate of 5 kg/decimal, urea 60g/decimal and TSP 90g/decimal. Duckweeds were supplied to the ponds (treatment-1) at the rate of 60% of the total body weight (wet weight basis) of the fish. During the experimental period, the ranges of physico-chemical parameters viz, water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, total alkalinity, free CO2, PO4-P, and NO3-N were within the productive limit and more or less similar in all the ponds under treatments 1 and 2. There were 24 genera of phytoplankton under 5 major groups and 10 genera of zooplankton under 3 major groups were found in the experimental ponds. Mean survival rates in treatments 1 and 2 were 85.34% and 83.68% respectively. Specific growth rate (SGR, % per day) of the fish in treatments 1 and 2 were 1.90% and 1.60% respectively. Calculated net production of the fish in treatment-1 was 5.03 ton/ha/yr and in treatment-2 was 3.11 ton/ha/yr. By t test it was found that the net production of fish in treatment-1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of treatment-2.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18201 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 183 - 188, 2007
Study on Grain Storage Facilities as Food Security Measure in Flood Prone Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam MS , Ashraf MA , Mia MIA , Abedin MZ
Published: August 2014

The present study aimed at obtaining the existing grain storage facilities - their problems and prospects at farmers, commercial, common and co-operative levels on some selected flood prone areas of Bangladesh. The study was conducted at Belkuchi upazila under Sirajgonj district. A total of randomly selected forty farmers and ten traders were surveyed from four villages under four different unions through structured questionnaire. Farmers and traders were classified as small, medium and large on the basis of their total land ownership and annual income status. The farmers used traditional storage structures such as Dole, berh, Motka, Jala, steel drum, gunny and plastic bags and Gola. On the other hand, the traders used gunny and plastic bags and privately owned godowns for storing food grains for short time basis. Average production, consumption, sale, farm use, labour wage, storage volume, cost, durability and losses of different storage structures for major grain crops like paddy, wheat and mustard were identified by farmers and traders category. Considering the capital cost, expected life and storage loss steel drum, gunny and plastic bags and Motka/Jala were found more economical for the farmers. The advantages and disadvantages of farmers, commercial, common and co-operative level storage structures were also identified. As the study area was a flood prone one, average 60% farmers were affected and average 8% stored grains were damaged by the flood of 2007. A total of 73% farmers and traders expressed their interest on co-operative storage system at the time of flood to store food grains with paying cost as they have no alternative storage facilities other than the proposed safely constructed co-operative storage structures. On the basis of the opinion of farmers and traders, the suitable location and type of storage structure were also proposed. A layout design and the cost of an operational storage structure for storing 60 metric tonnes of paddy and the possible management of the co-operative storage system were also proposed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18244 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 223 - 233, 2007
Waste Disposal and Management System in Rural Areas of Mymensingh
Authors: Sheheli S
Published: August 2014

The study was conducted in rural areas of Mymensingh district during March to April 2007. Seventy two households were interviewed and respondents were grouped in three categories: low, medium and high income group to identify the respondents socio-economic condition, total waste production, processing, utilization and preservation methods of waste. The total organic waste production was unequally proportionate areas among low, medium and high income group. Waste generation was also depending on family size and family income. Smaller family generated less amount of waste while larger family generated huge wastes. High income contributes to generate more wastes. The characteristics such as family size and family income of the respondents had positive and significant relationships with their waste generation. Waste use as many purpose such as manure, fuel, landfill etc. A significant amount of waste generated from domestic animal, specially cowdung have been using as fuel purpose. Only 2.78% respondents used cowdung as compost in their crop field due to less number of domestic animals and scarcity of fuel wood. But 27.78% respondents were not used it for any of those purposes. Besides these ashes, kitchen waste, feed wastage etc. are used as manure and landfill purpose. Respondents had no systematic planning in all spheres of production, processing and utilization of organic waste. The respondents were disposing their solid waste at various times. As a result improper processing and preservation of wastes have been occurring serious air and water pollution.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18383 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 247 - 254, 2007
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth, Leaf Yield, Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Stevia Grown in Different Soil Types
Authors: Khanom S , Saha BK , Islam MT , Chowdhury MAH
Published: August 2014

A pot experiment was conducted in the open net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from January to June, 2007, to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, leaf yield, chlorophyll and protein contents of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications having 16 treatment combinations. Four types of soil viz., saline, acidic, calcareous and non-calcareous soils were collected from Khulna, Tangail, Natore and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh, respectively. Two organic (poultry manure and cow dung) and one inorganic fertilizers @ the recommended dose along with a control were used as treatment factor. The experimental results indicated that different soil types significantly influenced all parameters studied. The highest values of all parameters were obtained from the plant grown in noncalcareous soil which was identical with acidic soil for some parameters. Different types of organic and inorganic fertilizer had also significant influence on all plant parameters. In all cases, the highest values were recorded from the plant fertilized with chemical fertilizers. Poultry manure and cow dung also showed identical results with chemical fertilizer in most cases. Interaction effect of different types of soil and fertilizer showed significant variation for most of the parameters studied except chlorophyll and protein contents. Plants grown in noncalcareous soil fertilized with chemical fertilizers exhibited the best performance in most of the cases. The overall results suggested that stevia can be cultivated in noncalcareous and acidic soils fertilized with chemical fertilizers along with poultry manure favoring the productivity of stevia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.16986 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 23 - 31, 2008
Effect of Seedling Age and Method of Transplanting on the Yield of Aman Rice
Authors: Sarker TK , Hossain MD , Salam MA , Rabbani MG
Published: August 2014

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from June to December 2012 with a view to finding out the effect of seedling age and method of transplanting on the yield of Aman rice. Four seedling ages (10, 20, 30 and 40 days) and two transplanting methods (line and haphazard) were used as experimental treatments with four replications in a randomized complete block design. Seedling age, transplanting method and their interaction significantly influenced most of the yield components and yield of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan41. The highest total tillers, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were obtained from 30-day-old seedlings. Line transplanting method produced the highest total tillers, effective tillers hill-1, grain yield and harvest index. The highest total tillers, effective tillers hill-1, grain yield and harvest index were obtained from 30-day-old seedlings with line transplanting method. Results revealed that 30-day-old seedlings under line transplanting method could be used to obtain maximum yield of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan41.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19092 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 9 - 16, 2013