bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐168: Enhancing Efficiency of Light Emitting Devices by Using Dewetting Metallic Thin Film
Authors: Der Yao Yeong , Wei Da Hua , Hsu Chia You , Hsu Sen Yu , Wei Pei Kuen , Der Chou Ming , Mo Chi Neng
Published: August 2010

Metallic Ag and Au nanostructures with different size on ITO coated glass substrates have been fabricated by using metal thin film dewetting technique for studying the light guide in a display system. The external quantum efficiency of the LED is influenced by high refracting rate materials. The increase of extraction efficiency is based on scattering light from the trapped photons. with Ag nanostructures in peripheral area of emitting region on the ITO coated glass substrates, the external quantum efficiency of devices increases by about 20 %. We have demonstrated that metal thin film dewetting technique can be applied to fabricate metallic nanostructures in backlight layer for LED or OLED systems.
P‐178: White OLED Panel with RGBW Color Filters Based on Dual‐Plate OLED Display (DOD) Structure
Authors: Choi Hong‐Seok , Kim Hwa Kyung , Pang Hee Suk , Pieh Sung Hoon , Sung Chang Je , Kim Myung‐Seop , Han Chang‐Wook , Tak Yoon Heung
Published: August 2010

We report new DOD structure employing WOLED with color filters patterning RGBW sub‐pixels. The DOD structure consists of the top plate on which organic layer was evaporated and the bottom plate involving TFT arrays. for white OLED, the top plate contains reformulated RGBW color filters and an overcoat layer. The EL efficiency of one‐stacked WOLED is 18.7 cd/A with CIE x, y coordinates of (0.31, 0.35) at 4.3 mA/cm2. By combining WOLED and the DOD structure using a‐Si backplane, we obtained the high aperture ratio up to 67% in the panel having the same pixel size for 32 ″ Full HD, and use of color filters developed for our WOLED enables color gamut to become wider than the 100% NTSC in uniform color space (u',v').
P‐176: Method of Despeckle in a Laser Source Microdisplay Projector
Authors: Domm John , Li Mang
Published: August 2010

A method of despeckle for a laser illuminated microdisplay is fabricated using a large core diameter optical fiber with significant scatter properties. The multiple modes set up in the fiber, along with scatter, reduce the coherence in the laser light enough to yield a projected image that is perceived to be speckle free.
P‐198L: Late‐News Poster: High Luminance Uniformity Flat Fluorescent Lamp for Dual View LCD Backlight Application
Authors: Hwang Sunnam , Kim Haksu , Kim Chungsoo , Lim Sungkyoo
Published: August 2010

Flat fluorescent lamp (FFL) with high luminance uniformity for dual view LCD backlight application was developed and demonstrated. Two glass plates with channels formed by glass forming with one flat base glass plate were used to demonstrate an advanced FFL that emit light from the both surfaces of FFL. This bi‐directional FFL (BDFFL) will be useful as bi‐directional backlight for dual view LCD.
14.5L: Late‐News Paper: A High Efficiency Mobile Projection Engine Utilizing Color Sequential Illumination
Authors: Phillips Bill , Grace Jennifer , Yun Zhisheng , Willett Stephen , Snively David , Pol Tom , Ardashnikov Boris , O'Shea Gerry , Moskovich Jacob , Kreitzer Melvyn H.
Published: August 2010

We present a high light efficiency and low power consumption projection engine for mobile device applications. Efficient light coupling and color mixing, high contrast reflective polarization & recycling, and precision molded optics were combined to achieve this high performance LED/LCOS‐based system having a 10.5 mm light engine thickness and demonstrating 8.0 lm/W.
15.1: Invited Paper: Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors: Performance & Manufacturability for Display Applications
Authors: Wager John F.
Published: August 2010

Various types of metal‐oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are under development for next‐generation display applications. We advocate the use of amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) for this purpose. The objective of this presentation is to: (i) briefly compare the AOS approach to that of the binary metal‐oxide TFT strategy, and (ii) assess AOS channel layer materials options in terms of their performance and manufacturability in the context of pertinent economic, environmental, and technology constraints.
16.2: Invited Paper: Flexible/Stretchable Electronics for Unusual Display Systems
Authors: Rogers John A.
Published: August 2010

Organized arrays of single crystalline semiconductor nanoribbons, nanomembranes and nanowires represent an enabling class of thin film type material for flexible/stretchable circuits suitable for display and other applications. This paper describes methods to create and manipulate such materials, and a variety of device demonstrators to illustrate key capabilities.
17.2: Advanced Display Motion Induced Color Distortion and Crosstalk Analysis Methods
Authors: Lee Jongseo , Jun Taejong , Park Gichang , Lee Jooyoung , Han Jungsuk , Kim Taeho , Souk Jun H. , Shin Sungtae
Published: August 2010

Motion artifact of Display devices has a huge interest from industries and users recently. Among those artifacts, color break up (CBU) and Dynamic false contour are the main degrading characteristic in field sequential type displays and Plasma Displays. Also, motion blur has been researched intensively recently, but there is a critical motion induced artifact due to phosphor or LC unwanted performance. This visual phenomenon is similar to normal crosstalk artifact, so it is named as motion crosstalk. Unfortunately, there are no objective measurement methods for those two motion‐induced artifacts. Here we introduce advanced analysis methods for two different kinds of motion artifacts.
17.3: Visual Calibration of Displays for Accurate Contrast Reproduction
Authors: To Long , Woods Russell L. , Peli Eli
Published: August 2010

We developed a visual calibration method (free of instruments) to characterize color display response, and demonstrate its capability to produce wide dynamic range achromatic display accurately as needed for measuring contrast sensitivity. We performed calibration and verification on both CRT and LCD monitors, and report differences between them.
17.5L: Late‐News Paper: Projector Flux from Color Primaries
Authors: Kelley Edward F. , Lang Karl , Silverstein Louis D. , Brill Michael H.
Published: August 2010

A standard methodology exists for estimating the flux from front projection displays by sampling the projected illuminance of a white source signal. with the advent and use of white projection primaries, a dramatic increase in flux can be achieved over the combination of red, green, and blue primaries alone. However, saturated‐color areas in an image are constrained to low flux levels relative to the display maximum and further undergo a perceptual compression in relative lightness when a white primary is used. As a result, bright saturated colors cannot be rendered accurately and the appearance of full‐color imagery is distorted. Due to these problems, the display of color‐accurate imagery does not generally use the white primary. We verify a measurement method that fills the need for providing an equivalent flux measurement that will better describe the performance of all RGB and RGBW projectors when they render full‐color imagery.
19.1: Design of 3‐D PDP with Fast‐Decaying Phosphor
Authors: Kim Young Kwan , Lee SoonRewl , Yoo Young Gil , Kurai Teruo , Kim Min Kyu , Kim Jeong Hee , Chung Kyeongwoon , Park Seung‐Ho , Kim TaeHee , Heo Eun Gi , Lee Byung Hak
Published: August 2010

Designed PDP exhibits good quality picture in 3D and normal modes. We selected several phosphors of red and green cell under 4ms decay time. for red color (Y,Gd)2O3: Eu3+ phosphor was adopted due its short decay time and high luminescence. Mixture of Zn2SiO4: Mn2+, (Y,Gd)Al3B4O12: Tb3+, and Y3Al5O12: Ce3+ was used as green phosphor. Decay time, luminance, and color coordinate of 3D PDP panel and Moving picture image quality of 3D PDP TV‐set are discussed.
19.2: Investigating the Function of Gd3+ in (Y,Gd)BOZ3: Eu3+ through Measurements of Host‐To‐Activator Transfer Efficiency
Authors: Warren Katie J. , Rabinovitz Rosa L. , Diaz Anthony L.
Published: August 2010

Using reflectance and excitation spectroscopy, we have calculated host‐to‐activator energy transfer efficiencies in (Y,Gd)BO3: Eu under vacuum ultraviolet excitation. As expected, we find an increase in the host‐to‐Eu transfer efficiency of these materials when Gd is doped into the YBO3 host. This effect is discussed in terms of current electron trapping and transport models.
19.3: Electronic Structure Calculation and QSPR Analysis of Eu2+‐doped Oxide Phosphors: Relationship between Emission Wavelength and Crystal Structure
Authors: Onuma Hiroaki , Yamashita Itaru , Serizawa Kazumi , Luo Yi , Suzuki Ai , Sahnoun Riadh , Tsuboi Hideyuki , Hatakeyama Nozomu , Endou Akira , Takaba Hiromitsu , Del Carpio Carlos A. , Kubo Momoji , Miyamoto Akira , Tanno Hiroaki , Kajiyama Hiroshi , Koyama Michihisa
Published: August 2010

In this study, we have computationally revealed the relationship between crystal structure and emission wavelength for Eu2+‐doped oxide phosphors. The quantum chemistry calculations and quantitative analysis of structure‐property relationship suggested that both O and alkaline‐earth (A) atoms around the Eu atom in phosphors are of importance for emission wavelength. This extension of the consideration range for interaction of A atoms gave the simple guideline for the emission wavelength control of Eu2+‐doped phosphors: 1) The host materials which have many A atoms and shorter/longer A‐A/A‐O distances are suitable to get longer Eu2+ emission wavelength, 2) The host materials which have less A atoms and longer/shorter A‐A/A‐O distances are suitable to get shorter Eu2+ emission wavelength.
20.2: High‐Efficiency Green Laser Source for Compact Projectors
Authors: Khaydarov John , Shchegrov Andrei , Essaian Stepan , Nemet Greg , Soghomonyan Suren , Simonyan Mkhitar , Danielyan Hakob , Gabrielyan Gevorg
Published: August 2010

We demonstrate a novel green laser source, based on a monolithic cavity microchip laser platform. The use of our highly efficient, Periodically Poled MgO‐doped Lithium Niobate (PPMgOLN) as the frequency doubler allows obtaining a significant increase in the overall efficiency of the green microchip laser. Specifically, we demonstrate 200mW green output and >10% wall‐plug efficiency in the 35°C temperature range.
22.3: High Performance Full Color Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display with Dual Stacking Structure
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Ting , Liao Yuan‐Chang , Yang Jen‐Chieh , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Tsai Yi‐Shou , Wu Kuan‐Wei , Chen Chih‐Jen , Hsu Chien‐Chih , Wu Cheng‐Chung , Chen Wen‐Chih , Chin Chih‐Lung
Published: August 2010

A 10.4‐inch full color cholesteric liquid crystal display (ChLCD) with high reflectivity and high resolution by dual stacking is demonstrated. This display consists of two cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) panels with the same chirality ChLC but separated by a layer of half‐wave plate material allow the reflection of both components of incident circularly polarized light in a single display. Each individual ChLC panel is fabricated by the development of the pixelized vacuum filling (PVF) technique. The reflectivity of our ChLCD is about 26% with 100 ppi resolution and 3‐bit color.
23.3: High Efficiency Green Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Weaver Michael S. , Adamovich Vadim , Brown Julie J. , Lee Kwan‐Hee , Lim Choon Woo. , Kim Sun Chul
Published: August 2010

We demonstrate commercial deposition stable green PHOLED emitter data and incorporate this emitter into two top emission microcavity PHOLEDs that show 110cd/A (NTSC green), and a record high efficiency 160cd/A green, at 3,000cd/m2. A new unsaturated green is also presented with a record lifetime of 20,000hrs to LT90 from 2000cd/m2.
24.2: Robustness of Display Reflectance Measurements: Comparison between BRDF and Hemispherical Diffuse Reflectance
Authors: Kim Seungkwan , Kelley Edward F. , Penczek John
Published: August 2010

We measured in‐plane bidirectional‐reflectance‐distribution‐function (BRDF) profiles for specular, haze and Lambertian samples using a converging light beam and a photopic photodiode. The results were validated by comparing the hemispherical reflectance values calculated from BRDF data with direct measurements by the use of integrating spheres, whereby an agreement to within 2 % was achieved.
24.3: Evaluation of LCD Backlight Local Dimming System
Authors: Chen Hanfeng , Ha Tae Hyeun , Sung Jun Ho , Kim Hyung Rae , Han Baik Hee
Published: August 2010

Backlight local dimming technique can improve the static contrast and reduce power consumption of LCDs significantly. Several backlight local dimming systems have been reported in previous literatures. However, there is still no comprehensive description about the evaluation of various backlight local dimming systems. This paper tries to make a guideline for evaluating contrast, power consumption and image quality of backlight local dimming system.
24.4: Introduction to the ICDM Display Measurement Standard
Authors: Miseli Joe
Published: August 2010

There are a number of standards in the world for evaluation of displays. Many focus on a single display technology, others on a single application. Some have entire documents for a single topic. The SID ICDM display measurement standard (DMS), released in 2009, covers almost all areas of evaluation for displays, all types of display technologies, and different levels of application for its use, from manufacturers to consumers. It is likely the most comprehensive display measurement standard written to date, and has contributions of many members found among the SID population of some of the best display evaluation‐related specialists in the world today. We present an introduction to the ICDMDMS.
26.1: Invited Paper: Control of Temperature Dependency of Exo‐Electron Emission Behavior for MgO Film of ac‐PDPs
Authors: Yoon Sang‐Hoon , Ahn Seok‐Geun , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: August 2010

A theoretical model on exo‐electron emission kinetics was developed and their temperature dependency was examined. The prediction was compared with exo‐electron currents measured experimentally. These theoretical analyses and experimental observations revealed that electrons at a shallow donor level reduce the temperature dependency but increases the time dependency.
5.3: Simulation of Planar Lightguides in Imaging Applications Using Rigorous Diffraction Theory
Authors: Levola Tapani
Published: August 2010

A simulation of diffractive lightguides in a near‐ to‐eye display (NED) application is performed. The propagation of light though the lightguide and the gratings is studied using rigorous diffraction taking into account the polarization state of the light, the grating line quality and surface flatness.
29.1: Polarizer‐Free Reflective LCD Combined with Ultra Low‐Power Driving Technology
Authors: Asaoka Yasushi , Satoh Eiji , Deguchi Kazuhiro , Satoh Takashi , Minoura Kiyoshi , Ihara Ichiro , Fujiwara Sayuri , Miyata Akio , Itoh Yasuhisa , Gyoten Seijiro , Matsuda Noboru , Kubota Yasushi
Published: August 2010

We have developed a novel reflective LCD without polarizers, which is sure to provide excellent visibility (reflectance = 50%, CR = 10:1). Moreover, we have also achieved extremely low power consumption of 10 microwatts to introduce low frequency driving (less than 1Hz) without flicker and image sticking. These characteristics were realized to combine pixel memory circuit and new PNLC material.
29.3: Novel Wide‐View Circular Polarizers Using Negative and Positive AC Plates
Authors: Sakai Akira , Sakuragi Kazuyoshi , Hasegawa Masahiro , Tsuda Kazuhiko , Yamada Nobuaki , Okamoto Kenji
Published: August 2010

Novel wide‐view circular polarizers for VA‐LCDs have been developed. In our new designs, no sophisticated retarders such as biaxial AB plates (nx>nz>ny) are required. Alternatively, negative and positive AC plates (nx<nyny>nz respectively) are employed to suppress the off‐axis light leakages. Three promising configurations will be discussed.
29.4: Dual‐Domain Transflective Liquid Crystal Display Using TN and LTN Modes by Photoalignment Technology
Authors: Du Tao , Yao Lishuang , Yu Qiang , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: August 2010

In this paper, a new design of single cell gap transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) using twist nematic (TN) and low twist nematic (LTN) modes has been proposed, which has a simple configuration and only the bottom alignment layer need to be patterned by photoalignment technology to produce domains. This configuration shows high contrast, wide viewing angle, fast response and high transmittance / reflectance. The Transmittance versus Voltage Curve (TVC) and Reflectance versus Voltage Curves (RVC) are perfectly matched. Also the fabrication process is easy.
30.2: Distinguished Paper: Charge Carriers and Charge Transfer Reactions in OLED Devices Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Pawlik Thomas D. , Kondakov Denis Y. , Begley William J. , Young Ralph H.
Published: August 2010

We use Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) as a quantitative method to measure charge carriers that are present in OLED devices under various bias conditions, and to investigate charge transfer reactions that occur at the cathode and anode interfaces through the interaction of charge injection layers and charge transport layers.
32.3: Simple Single‐Layer Multi‐Touch Projected Capacitive Touch Panel
Authors: Ho Tsz‐Kin , Lee Chung‐Yung , Tseng Man‐Chun , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: August 2010

A simple projected capacitive touch panel is developed. This touch panel is capable of detecting multi‐point touch events. The device consists of a single piece of patterned transparent ITO glass and a sensing circuit. The applied driving signal is projected onto the sensing node in the form of an electric field. A charge sensing circuit is used to monitor the mutual capacitance between the driving and sensing nodes. This approach provides a simple and low cost alternative to current capacitive multi‐touch panel design.
32.4: Low Cost Mutual Capacitance Measuring Circuits and Methods
Authors: Geaghan Bernard , Peterson Richard , Taylor Gordon
Published: August 2010

Mutual capacitance results from the coupling between electrodes in devices such as matrix sensors, digitizers, capacitive buttons, sliders, and proximity detectors. Mutual capacitance measuring circuits can be made from the standard PIO ports of microprocessors or low cost logic circuits, and a few passive external components.
36.1: Advances in Near‐To‐Eye Display Optical Characterization
Authors: Järvenpää Toni , Pölönen Monika
Published: August 2010

Some consistent experiments have been made in the past to objectively characterize Near‐to‐Eye Displays (NED). Here, a new version of a measurement system is introduced and measurements of four commercially available NED products discussed. In addition, these results are briefly compared to subjective studies.
37.2: Fiber‐Coupled Emissive Micro‐Light‐Emitting Diode Arrays
Authors: Zhu Ling , Ng Chiu Wa , Wong Ngai , Wong Kin Yip , Lai Pui To , Choi Hoi Wai
Published: August 2010

We report on the integration of a fiber bundle with a bi‐linear micro‐light‐emitting diode array to form a portable microdisplay system. The fiber bundle transforms the bi‐linear optical input into a 6‐by‐8 pixel microdisplay, offering clear optical output. Essential issues such as crosstalk and coupling efficiency are discussed and optimized.
38.4: A Touch Sensitive Liquid Crystal Display with Embedded Capacitance Detector Arrays
Authors: Park Hyun‐Sang , Ji Seon‐Beom , Lee Soo‐Yeon , Han Min‐Koo , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Lee Byoung‐Jun , You Bong‐Hyun , Kim Nam‐Deog
Published: August 2010

We present a new touch sensitive liquid crystal display (LCD) with embedded capacitance sensor arrays which incorporate hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and coupling capacitors. The proposed system utilizes the change in the capacitance of liquid crystal for touch‐panel operation and provides the location of the finger touch by obtaining the intersection point for the horizontal and vertical positions, thereby obviating the need for image capturing and real‐time image processing. By limiting the operation of the TFTs to the subthreshold region, we can suppress the degradation ofa‐Si:H TFTs. Due to the simple architecture, the proposed touch‐panel function can be readily integrated within large‐area displays.
7.2: Address Discharge Characteristics of High Luminous Efficacy PDP with SrO Protecting Layer
Authors: Jung Hae‐Yoon , Lee Tae‐Ho , Kwon Ohyung , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: August 2010

We have achieved low voltage driving and high luminous efficacy by applying SrO protecting layer in PDP. Especially its low voltage characteristics can make it possible to use very high Xe content such as 30% gas at the voltage levels which currently commercialized PDP use. The use of SrO protecting layer can reduce the firing voltage not only between sustain electrodes but also between address and scan electrodes, so that the threshold voltage VAY as well as the address delay in the SrO panel with Xe 30% could be made comparable to those in the MgO panel with Xe 10% with the appropriate modifications in the ramp reset waveform.
40.1: Invited Paper: Current Status of Printing OLEDs
Authors: Seki Shunichi , Uchida Masahiro , Sonoyama Takuya , Ito Masaki , Watanabe Shoutaro , Sakai Shinri , Miyashita Satoru
Published: August 2010

The biggest issue of printed OLED device performance has been significantly improved. In 1000cd/m2 green devices produced using inkjet printing over 45,000 hrs lifetime (50% down from initial luminance) in polymer system and 40 cd/A luminous efficiency in small molecule system were achieved. This progress shows great promise for fabricating large‐Sized and low‐cost OLED display by inkjet printing.
40.3: Solution Processed OLED Displays: Advances in Performance, Resolution, Lifetime and Appearance
Authors: O'Regan Marie
Published: August 2010

In this paper we review recent progress in development of a process for fabrication of active matrix OLED displays using low cost, scalable solution processing methods, including slot coating of continuous, unpatterned layers and nozzle printing of the emissive layer. Recent improvements in the performance of DuPont OLED solution process materials, in both spin coated and printed test coupon format, will be presented. All the data presented are from bottom emission devices.
42.1: Invited Paper: Processing Flexible Displays
Authors: Souk Jun H. , Roh Nam Seok
Published: August 2010

We present the fabrication aspect of flexible displays. Fabrication of flexible displays requires proper material selection, handling of plastic film substrates, low temperature process for the fabrication of TFTs on plastic substrate. In addition, for the low cost fabrication approach, direct printing of TFT patterning without photolithography process is also required. We describe Samsung LCD's approach path to the fabrication of flexible displays and future plan to develop the practical method that leads to the production level of flexible displays.
43.1: Color Optimization Model for High Dynamic Range LCDs with RGB Color Backlights
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ling , Cheng Yu‐Kuo , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Yeh Szu‐Che
Published: August 2010

The high dynamic range liquid crystal display (HDR‐LCD) with the color controlled backlight can achieve low power consumption, high color saturation and high contrast ratio. A modified color model for the RGB LEDs backlight system was proposed to optimize the color appearance in this paper. By applying the model, the color accuracy of the HDR‐image could be much improved with the clear image details.
44.1: Introducing a Two Stage Fully Organic AMOLED Display; from Design to Fabrication
Authors: Yaghmazadeh Omid , Tondelier Denis , Aldakov Dimitry , Bonnassieux Yvan , Geffroy Bernard , Horowitz Gilles
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we introduce the design and the fabrication of a fully organic AMOLED display array. for solving the need of large OTFTs' area issue, the pixel structure is designed in a way such that a top‐emitting OLED is stacked on top of the driving circuitry including two pentacene TFTs. The pixel component geometries are designed and selected based on circuit simulation using behavioral SPICE‐like models for pentacene TFTs and OLEDs. Moreover a new method is developed to provide the electronic connection between the OLED and the driving circuit.
44.4: Invited Paper: Semiconducting Nanofibers Embedded in Insulating Polymer for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Cho Kilwon , Lee Wi Hyoung , Qiu Longzhen , Lim Jung Ah
Published: August 2010

We have Semiconducting nanofibers embedded in insulating polymer allow a reduction of the semiconductor content to as low as 3 wt % without considerable degradation of the field‐effect electronic properties and thus are desirable for achieving excellent charge transport properties in low‐cost, large‐area, flexible organic thin‐film transistors.
45.2: Distinguished Paper: An over 500 Hz Frame Rate Drivable PSS‐LCD: Its Basic Performance
Authors: Koshida Norio , Dogen Yuta , Imaizumi Eiji , Nakano Atsushi , Mochizuki Akihiro
Published: August 2010

The most updated investigation result of a PSS‐LCD is reported. Using conventional a‐Si TFT substrate, it turned out that even 1 kHz of frame rate is applicable to a PSS‐LCD without any image quality degradation in terms of clearness of image. This paper discusses basic performance of above results.
7.4: Reduction of Address‐Delay‐Time Degradation by Half‐Pitch Shifted Priming Cell Structure in AC‐PDPs
Authors: Nobuki Shunichiro , Uemura Norihiro , Sagawa Masakazu , Tokoo Naoya , Ho Shirun , Tsuji Kazutaka , Mikami Yoshiro , Shiiki Masatoshi , Suzuki Keizo
Published: August 2010

A half‐pitch shifted priming cell structure to reduce address‐delay‐time degradation and lower power consumption has been developed. Discharge transition from a priming cell to a display cell occurred. The time constant of priming electron emission only from the priming cell did not degrade. Observed address‐delay‐time degradation in the display cell reduced.
8.1: LCOS Devices for Professional Projection Displays
Authors: Van Calster André , Cuypers Dieter , de Smet Herbert
Published: August 2010

This paper reviews the development of LCOS devices towards high performance light valves for high resolution image sources. A number of backplane design and cell assembly issues related to high performance imager devices will be discussed. The use of QXGA LCOS imagers in professional displays will be illustrated.
48.1: Distinguished Paper: Low‐Cost Large‐Area LED Backlight
Authors: Gourlay James , Miller Ian
Published: August 2010

A thin LED BLU device structure incorporating side‐emitting LEDs distributed in a two‐dimensional array across the BLU and embedded in a multi‐layer printed and integrated light‐guide is presented. Measured results from a 40 “design based on this technology platform, produces an efficient and low‐cost BLU.
49.4: Advanced RGBW Panel with High Planarization Overcoat Material
Authors: Noh So Young , Kim Jin Pil , Park Seung Ryull , Yang Joon Young , Yang Myung Soo , Kang In Byung , Chung Injae
Published: August 2010

In this study, new manufacturing method of RGBW LCDs is introduced. It can solve problems which are increasing photo‐masking step and color temperature difference between RGB sub‐pixel and W sub‐pixel in RGBW panel.
8.2: Color Tuning Projection System for Adaptive Combination of High Brightness and Wide Color Gamut
Authors: Maeda Makoto , Arai Kazuhiro , Haraguchi Masahiro , Abe Taka‐aki , Tanase Susumu , Mashitani Ken , Inoue Masutaka , Kanayama Hideyuki
Published: August 2010

We have developed a new projector with a fourth liquid crystal panel that controls yellow light separately from RGB lights of UHP lamp. This additional panel system enables projector to achieve adaptive control of both high brightness and 120% wide color gamut. In this paper, we propose the innovative design concept and the technical development of the Color Tuning Projection System and represent the characteristics of the prototype.
50.4: Segment Color Control (SCC) Method for Color Controlled Backlight of High Dynamic Range LCD‐TVs
Authors: Wang Guo‐Zhen , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Yeh Szu‐Che
Published: August 2010

A high‐dynamic‐range liquid crystal display (HDR‐LCD) can much enhance the contrast ratio of image and reduce power consumption by using locally controlled dynamic backlight. A novel method, segment color control (SCC) method, was proposed with low complexity, and had been demonstrated on a 37” HDR‐ LCD. By using the segment color control method, the contrast ratio of image on a 37” HDR‐LCD TV was successfully improved to ∼40,000:1 with clear image detail, and about 10%∼50% power saving. Furthermore, the SCC method further widened the color gamut from 108 %NTSC to 125%NTSC.
51.1:Invited Paper: Flexible CMOS and Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Allee David R. , Venugopal Sameer , Krishna Roshith , Kaftanoglu Korhan , Quevedo‐Lopez Manuel A. , Gowrisanker Shrinivas , Avendano‐Bolivar Adrianno E. , Alshareef Husam N. , Gnade Bruce
Published: August 2010

Flexible CMOS has been achieved by combining nMOS a‐Si:H with pMOS pentacene thin film transistors on a plastic substrate. Flexible CMOS enables more than 300x reduction in power consumption for integrated source drivers for an electrophoretic display compared to a‐Si:H only source drivers. Importantly, flexible CMOS reduces the source driver power well below the power required by the electrophoretic display backplane greatly extending battery life. Measurements on the electrical stress induced degradation of flexible CMOS logic gates are also presented.
51.4: Development of Flexible Electrowetting Displays for Stacked Color
Authors: Dean Kenneth A. , Johnson Michael R. , Howard Emmett , Zhou Kaichang , Heikenfeld Jason
Published: August 2010

Electrowetting displays show promise for realizing vividly colorful electronic paper using stacked color layers to obtain high reflectivity. We develop and demonstrate technologies needed to realize stacked displays including (1) strategies for controlling colorant location, (2) incorporating spacers, black surround, and thin seals, and (3) building working modules on flexible substrates.
8.3: High‐Contrast in Bright Ambients with Angle‐Shifting Front Projection Screen
Authors: Katagiri Baku , Ooike Masanobu , Kawakami Tohru , Uchida Tatsuo , Suzuki Yoshito
Published: August 2010

We have proposed a screen, which can diffuse incident light from the projector set in lower angle range to viewing angle range and can reflect ambient light to angle range out of viewing. with this control, the screen realizes a clear image even in a bright room.
52.2: S‐mPVA LCD Technologies for Superior Off‐Axis Image Quality
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Gee Bum , Choi Ji Youn , Jang Yong‐Kyu , Ahn Seon Hong , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Kyeong‐Hyeon
Published: August 2010

Off‐axis image quality of a mobile PVA (mPVA) LCD has been improved by active level‐shifting technology and optimization of pixel and polarizer structures. The measured gray distortion index is reduced to 0.25, compared to 0.51 for a conventional mPVA LCD, resulting in decreased color shift at off‐axis viewing positions.
53.3: High Performance Top Emitting Green OLED Micro‐Displays
Authors: Ali Tariq A. , Khayrullin Ilyas I. , Vazan Fridrich , Ziesmer Scott A. , Barry Steve P. , Prache Olivier , Ghosh Amalkumar P. , Fellowes Dave , Draper Russell S.
Published: August 2010

Efficient top‐emitting phosphorescent green OLED micro‐displays were developed using a highly reflective anode patterned over active matrix single crystal silicon. Single emission layer devices were fabricated using high Tg materials with efficiencies ∼80 cd/A, 18% EQE and stable green color coordinates (0.33, 64). Green OLED Micro‐display lifetimes were measured.
57.4: Fast MPRT with High Brightness LCD by 120Hz Local Blinking HDR Systems
Authors: Liao Lin‐Yao , Chen Chih‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Pai , Yeh Szu‐Che
Published: August 2010

A 120Hz Local Blinking HDR system was proposed to significantly reduce MPRT down to 3.89ms and keep high brightness almost as well as conventional LCDs, that is distinct from the prior arts, such as Black Band Insertion, Blinking Backlight and Gray Frame Insertion (GFI), those may cause brightness decrement. Furthermore, the intrinsic benefit of high dynamic range (high contrast) and low power consumption also can be achieved.
59.1: Development of near Zero Optical Retardation Film from Cyclic Block Copolymers
Authors: Zhou Weijun , Diehl Charles , Koppi Kurt , Hahn Steve , Ansems Patricia , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: August 2010

Cyclic block copolymer (CBC) is a fully saturated olefin block copolymer which can be melt cast into films with near zero optical retardation in both film plane and thickness direction. This nearly isotropic CBC film is particularly useful as a polarizer's inner protective layer and can offer a good wide‐viewing performance of IPS‐LCD TVs.
59.3: Retardation Film Made from Negative Intrinsic Birefringent Material
Authors: Okude Shuhei , Hirota Mitsuhito , Hori Toshihiko , Toyoshima Tetsuya , Arakawa Kohei
Published: August 2010

We developed retardation film made from a negative intrinsic birefringent material by using the co‐extrusion molding. This retardation film is applied to the liquid crystal display. Especially, this can be used to make the viewing angle of IPS mode wider.
9.2: Line‐Scan Sequential Lateral Solidification Process for AMOLED Application
Authors: Choi Jae Beom , Park Cheol‐Ho , Chung In‐Do , Lee Kwon‐Hyung , Min Hoon Kee , Kim Chi‐Woo , Kim Sang Soo
Published: August 2010

We have demonstrated that thin film transistor backplanes for AMOLED could be fabricated with line‐scan sequential lateral solidification (SLS) process. with 4 μm × 730 mm single laser beamlet, directional and two‐shot SLS processes were carried out to make polycrystalline Si films. The geometry for driving TFTs, which can provide sufficient uniformity of TFT performances, is that the source‐drain direction is perpendicular to the grain growth direction. 14″ WXGA (1366×RGB×768) AMOLEDsfor TV application were fabricated by utilizing different TFT geometry for driving TFTs and switching TFTs. The advantages of the line‐scan SLS system are (1) it can provide higher productivity than the conventional laser system and (2) large displays over 50″ can be manufactured without scan overlap area.
59.4: Novel Retardation Film with Nano‐Scale Multi‐Layered Structure
Authors: Ono Yuhei , Uchiyama Akihiko , Kitazawa Satoshi , Matsuo Juhou , Shiro Takashi
Published: August 2010

We have developed a novel Z‐plate with nano‐scale multi‐layered structure. The optically biaxial characteristics (nx<nz<ny) of that Z‐plate is controlled by the combination of form birefringence and molecular orientation birefringence. The novel retardation film has been realized by new optical design and a new film process with a multi‐layered polymer extrusion device.
60.2: Intermediate Connector with Suppressed Voltage Loss for White Tandem OLEDs
Authors: Nowatari Hiromi , Ushikubo Takahiro , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Seo Satoshi , Tsutsui Tetsuo
Published: August 2010

In order to attain low drive voltage and high power conversion efficiency in tandem OLEDs, the mechanism for carrier generation/separation at the intermediate connecting parts, which are interposed between emission units, has been examined, and a new intermediate connector has been proposed. Voltage increase due to the provision of the new intermediate connector is minimized, and marked decrease in drive voltage of the tandem OLEDs has been attained.
61.1: Invited Paper: Gaze Contingent Displays: Analysis of Saccadic Plasticity in Visual Search
Authors: Michel Melchi M. , Geisler Wilson S.
Published: August 2010

Gaze contingent displays were used to simulate visual field loss during performance of visual search tasks. Comparison of human saccadic strategies with those of a Bayesian ideal searcher show that humans rapidly adapt their saccadic strategies, but that this learning is limited and depends on the spatial pattern of vision loss.
61.3: Visual Annoyance and User Acceptance of LCD Motion‐Blur
Authors: Tourancheau Sylvain , Andrén Börje , Brunnström Kjell , Callet Patrick Le
Published: August 2010

It has been recognized for some time now that LCD displays will introduce blur when showing moving objects or moving images. Common motion‐blur measurement methods permit to picture the blurred profile of an edge moving with a constant velocity. A normalized blurred edge width is then measured for several gray‐to‐gray transitions to give a motion‐blur score of the display under test. However, these objective measurements are partly based on the behavior of the human visual system and it is an open question how well they correlate with subjective experience of observers. In this study, we develop a subjective experiment in order to assess the annoyance and the acceptance of motion‐blur. Results are given and compare with measurements data.
9.3: Active‐Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Using Inverse Staggered Poly‐Si TFT with a Center‐Offset Gated Structure
Authors: Kang Dong Han , Oh Jae Hwan , Park Mi Kyung , Park Tae Jin , Oh Beom Seok , Kim Gyeong Heon , Lee Eun Ho , Hur Ji Ho , Jang Jin , Chang Young Jin , Choi Jae Beom , Kim Chi Woo
Published: August 2010

We have developed a low cost AM backplane using non‐laser polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) having inverse staggered TFT. The thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have a center‐offset gated structure to reduce the leakage current without scarifying the on‐currents. A center‐offset length of the TFTs has 3 μm for both switching and driving TFTs. Finally, we have made a 2.2 inch QQVGA (160 × 120) active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display with conventional 2T 1C pixel circuits.
63.1: Responsive Vacuum Deposition Technology for Cost‐Effective OLED Manufacturing
Authors: Long Michael , Koppe Bruce , Redden Neil , Boroson Michael
Published: August 2010

The ability to interrupt and reinitiate vaporization rapidly to precisely controlled rates is an important requirement for reducing the deposition cost component of OLED displays for both in‐line and cluster tool configurations. A flash vaporization deposition system using closed‐loop control is described that achieves these objectives.
64.3: Design of Partially Cascaded Clock‐Embedded Serial Link Intra‐Panel Interface for a Flat Panel Display System
Authors: Kim Ah‐Reum , Choe Won‐Jun , Lee Sang‐Keun , Kim Nam‐Deog , Kim Sang‐Soo
Published: August 2010

A partially cascaded clock‐embedded serial link has been designed as an intra‐panel interface between a timing controller (TCON) and column driver ICs (DICs) in an LCD panel. The proposed link achieves a 60Hz full‐HD display of 10‐bit color depth on only four interface pairs. Compared to a conventional point‐to‐point interface, further reduction of the number of interface lines has been achieved by means of a bandwidth efficient cascaded scheme.
10.1: Invited Paper: Wearable 4‐Inch QVGA Full Color Video Flexible AMOLEDs for Rugged Applications
Authors: Ma Ruiqing , Rajan Kamala , Silvernail Jeff , Urbanik Ken , Paynter Jason , Mandlik Prashant , Hack Mike , Brown Julie J. , Yoo Juhn S. , Kim Yong‐Chul , Kim In‐Hwan , Byun Seung‐Chan , Jung Sang‐Hoon , Kim Jong‐Moo , Yoon Soo‐Young , Kim Chang‐Dong , Kang In‐Byeong , Tognoni Keith , Anderson Robert , Huffman David
Published: August 2010

We present our work on the world's first wrist worn communication device built upon a flexible low power consumption full color AMOLED using phosphorescent materials. The device offers the wearer the ability to see high information content video rate information in a thin and rugged form factor 4‐inch QVGA display, conformed around a human wrist.
66.1: High Birefringence and Negative Dielectric Anisotropy Liquid Crystal Mixtures for Vertical Alignment Applications
Authors: Gauza Sebastian , Jiao Meizi , Wu Shin‐Tson , Kula Przemysław , Daobrowski Roman , Liang Xiao
Published: August 2010

In this paper we describe the physical properties of some lateral difluoro‐terphenyl compounds and mixtures. Such mixtures exhibit a high birefringence (Δn∼0.24) in the visible spectral range while remaining a relatively low rotational viscosity. When doped in a commercial mixture, it enhances the mixture's birefringence while causing almost no penalty to the rotational viscosity. These mixtures are particularly attractive for thin cell VA LCDs to achieve fast response time.
P‐179: Flexible Organic Electroluminescent Displays with Optical Transparency Using Electrically Conducting Polymers
Authors: Kim Jin‐Yeol , Hwang Chae‐Ryong , Woo Hak‐Yong , Song Eun‐Ah , Baek Ji‐Woong , Kwon Sijoong , Ju Sung‐Hoo
Published: August 2010

Flexible OELDs were fabricated by using highly conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy thiophene): p‐toluene sulfonate(PEDOT: PTS) nano‐films, as electrode layers. These conductive PEDOT: PTS films have a high transparency up to 80%, and possess a very low sheet resistance of 100 Ω square−1 at 160‐nm thickness. We report on the fabrication and characterization of a OELD using a PEDOT: PTS for the electrodes and demonstrate its superior performance relative to that of a similar device using the a‐ITO layer. The device has been demonstrated to exhibit light emission in green, brightness level up to 1800 cd/m2 at the 25 V.
Relationship (or its lack) between population and a water and sanitation service: a study of users' perception in Vitória (ES) Brazil
Authors: Ramos da Silva Sara , Heller Léo , de Campos Valadares Jorge , Cairncross Sandy
Published: August 2010

The objective of this paper is to identify and analyse the perception of groups of dwellers of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, regarding their relationship with the water and sanitation service and aspects of water handling. Participants living in four distinct urban districts of the capital city were interviewed in their own houses and the Discourse of the Collective Subject approach was employed to order the data so obtained. The testimonies revealed the health risk to which individuals were exposed by virtue of: (i) inadequate knowledge concerning the water supply offered, (ii) lack of stimulus to exert their citizens' rights and obligations in relation to the water provided for their consumption and (iii) poor channels of communication between the community, the water and sanitation service and the local public health authority. The study concluded that there is a need to rethink the forms of information provided to the population that are presently adopted by these institutions.
Dynamics of Aeromonas species isolated from wastewater treatment system
Authors: Martone-Rocha S. , Piveli R. P. , Matté G. R. , Dória M. C. , Dropa M. , Morita M. , Peternella F. A. , Matté M. H.
Published: August 2010

Aeromonas are widely distributed in the aquatic environment, and are considered to be emerging organisms that can produce a series of virulence factors. The present study was carried out in a sanitary sewage stabilization pond treatment system, located in Lins, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Most probable number was applied for estimation of the genus Aeromonas. Colony isolation was carried out on blood agar ampicillin and confirmed by biochemical characterization. Aeromonas species were isolated in 72.4% of influent samples, and in 55.2 and 48.3% of effluent from anaerobic and facultative lagoons, respectively. Thirteen Aeromonas species were isolated, representing most of the recognized species of these organisms. Even though it was possible to observe a tendency of decrease, total elimination of these organisms from the studied system was not achieved. Understanding of the pathogenic organism's dynamics in wastewater treatment systems with a reuse potential is especially important because of the risk it represents.
Differences in water consumption choices in Canada: the role of socio-demographics, experiences, and perceptions of health risks
Authors: Dupont Diane , (Vic) Adamowicz W. L. , Krupnick Alan
Published: August 2010

In 2000 and 2001 Canadians were shocked by water contamination events that took place in two provinces. In 2004 we undertook an internet-based survey across Canada that asked respondents to identify in percentage terms their total drinking water consumption according to one of three sources: tap water, bottled water, and home-filtered water (either some type of container or an in-tap filter device). In this paper we investigate the factors that influence these choices and whether choosing to either filter or purchase water is linked to perceptions of health concerns with respect to tap water. A series of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests suggest that the presence of children in a household and self-reported concern that tap water causes health problems lead to significantly greater consumption of bottled water or filtered water and significantly less tap water consumption. In order to examine these choices in a multivariate framework, we estimate a multinomial logit model. Factors yielding higher probabilities of a respondent being primarily a bottled water drinker (relative to the choice of tap water) include: higher income, unpleasant taste experiences with tap water, non-French-speaking, and being a male with children in one's household. Similar factors yield higher probabilities of a respondent being primarily a filtered tap water drinker. An important finding is that two key variables linking a person's health perceptions regarding tap water quality are significant factors leading to the choice of either filtered tap water or bottled water over tap water. They are: a variable showing the degree of health concerns a respondent has with respect to tap water and a second variable indicating whether the respondent believes bottled water is safer than tap water.
Catchment process affecting drinking water quality, including the significance of rainfall events, using factor analysis and event mean concentrations
Authors: Cinque Kathy , Jayasuriya Niranjali
Published: August 2010

To ensure the protection of drinking water an understanding of the catchment processes which can affect water quality is important as it enables targeted catchment management actions to be implemented. In this study factor analysis (FA) and comparing event mean concentrations (EMCs) with baseline values were techniques used to asses the relationships between water quality parameters and linking those parameters to processes within an agricultural drinking water catchment. FA found that 55% of the variance in the water quality data could be explained by the first factor, which was dominated by parameters usually associated with erosion. Inclusion of pathogenic indicators in an additional FA showed that Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) were also related to the erosion factor. Analysis of the EMCs found that most parameters were significantly higher during periods of rainfall runoff. This study shows that the most dominant processes in an agricultural catchment are surface runoff and erosion. It also shows that it is these processes which mobilise pathogenic indicators and are therefore most likely to influence the transport of pathogens. Catchment management efforts need to focus on reducing the effect of these processes on water quality.