bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Vegetable and Volatile Oils on the Piroxicam Skin Permeability: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Salimi Anayatollah , Sharif Makhmalzadeh Behzad , Davood Baharvandi Ghazal , Mohammad Soleymani Saeed
Published: August 2022

Background: Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication for treating fever, discomfort, and inflammation. In addition, piroxicam inhibits cyclooxygenase and lowers prostaglandin synthesis, resulting in analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Objectives: This study used Franz diffusion cells made from rat skin primed with sesame, eucalyptus, olive, menthol, clove, and sunflower oils. Methods: Control was hydrated rat skin. Permeability measurements include steady-state flux (Jss), permeability coefficient (Kp), and diffusion coefficient (D). FT-IR was used to compare changes in peak position, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), mean transition temperature, and the permeability enhancement methods of the penetration enhancer (Tm). The skin acted as a barrier to piroxicam permeability throughout the whole surface, indicating that drug flux was limited by diffusion into the skin. Results: The steady-state flux (Jss) of all penetration enhancers were not significantly different from control, except for clove and menthol oil (4 hours treated) and olive oil (2 and 4 hours treated). Conclusions: Penetration enhancers improved drug permeability through rat skin. Sesame oil, menthol oil, and sesame oil were found to have higher ERflux, ERD, and ERP ratios than water-hydrated skin due to lipid fluidization, lipid structure disruption, and irreversible keratin denaturation.
Comparison of EFD and CFD Results of the Free Surface Flow Field About the Series 60 CB=0.6 Ship
Authors: Beddhu Murali , Nichols Stephen , Jiang Min-Yee , Sheng Chunhua , Whitfield David L. , Taylor Lafayette K.
Published: August 2022

Series 60 CB = 0.6 represents an important class of ships for which vast amount of experimental data is avail­able. Thus, it represents an ideal test bed for validating Com­putational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes. The code UNCLE incorporates the recently introduced algorithm for tracking unsteady free surface flows in a time accurate manner. In this algorithm, to facilitate the tracking unsteady free surface flows in a time accurate manner. In this algorithm, to facilitate the tracking of the free surface, a background grid is employed. Using the background grid the free surface grid points are forced to move along predetermined paths in order to simplify the grid regeneration process at the new time level. Newton's method is used to find the intersection of the background grid lines with the free surface. This allows to preserve the shape of the free surface during various grid operations at a given time level. The governing equations of the flow field are cast with respect to an unsteady Eulerian coordinate system and solved using the modified artificial compressibility method. The resulting numerical algorithm is implicit and time accurate and is for­mulated based on a finite volume approach. Roe's formulation is used for obtaining the first order inviscid numerical fluxes and van Leer's MUSCL approach is used for obtaining higher order (third) corrections. Central differencing is used for the viscous terms and a two point backward Euler formula is used for the time derivative. The same algorithm is also used for implicitly solving the free surface kinematic condition which is cast with respect to surface curvilinear coordinates. The numerical results are compared with the experimental results. The flow conditions are Fr= 0.316 and Re= 4,020,000. The results are quite encouraging.
Measurement and Analysis of Ship Resistance in an Offshore Model Basin
Authors: Chakraharti Suhrata K.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the measurement of resistance of a ship or an offshore structure in transit or under tow. Since a small replicate of the prototype is used, several simulation difficulties are experienced in the small scale testing. A few of the difficulties of the resistance or drag test and the remedial measures used in the setup and in the scaling up of the model data are discussed here.

The standard measurement technique for the resistance of a ship in a towing tank employs a towing staff attached to a dynamometer used for the measurement of the towing resistance. The towing staff is attached to the towing carriage in such a way that the system allows the ship to heave and pitch about the attachment point on the ship, but restrains its motion in the transverse direction. The aft end of the ship model is sometimes provided with a guide system for the side restraint. Offshore structures, however, are often towed in a restraint position, such as in the simulation of current drag.

A two staff arrangement for the towing tests is seldom used and is considered unconventional by many of the traditional basins. This paper addresses the difference of towing a· floating offshore model with a single staff (including a guide) versus a two staff arrangement. A ship model was consecutively tested at the simulated transit and loitering speeds in the Offshore Model Basin (0MB) at Escondido, CA in both a two staff and the traditional one staff arrangement. Both the inline and transverse loads were measured during these tests. In addition, the heave and pitch motions of the ship model were also measured. It is found that the results from the two series of tests were identical.

Another area of uncertainty is the effect of Reynolds number. The distortion of Reynolds number in the model necessitates certain corrective measures in the model tests. Use of the turbulence stimulator and the quantitative difference in the results with and without this stimulator for an offshore structure model is shown. The simulation of cu t load on an offshore structure is often done by towing e model. The difference between the current load and the equivalent towing load on a particular floating structure model is shown. It is shown that the towing loa were generally smaller than the corresponding current loads.
Full Scale Planing Experiment and Analysis
Authors: Royce Richard A. , Vorus William S.
Published: August 2022

Experimental planing research outside the confines of the traditional towing tank laboratory is difficult to conduct. Many factors such as cross wind, random waves, clouds, curious on-lookers, and fuel consumption, which are absent in the towing tank, complicate full scale experimentation. With little control over these outside factors, this type of experimental research becomes an arduous process. This paper describes the experimental procedures used to determine the hydrodynamic pressure distribution on a 21 ft. competition ski boat. Specifically, manometry was used for pressure.
Hydrodynamic Performance with Pod Propulsion - US Navy Experience
Authors: Karafiath Gabor , Lyons Dan
Published: August 2022

The U.S. Navy has been interested in podded propulsion for over 20 years and has conducted model experiments on several designs in order to define their powering performance and other hydrodynamic characteristics. The model test drag data on several of these designs are analyzed and presented in terms of drag coefficient and pod residuary resistance. The model powering tests form a data base for estimating thrust deduction and wake fraction.

Podded propulsion frees the designer from the constraints imposed by the traditional propeller support arrangements to offer advantages with regard to better hull design for lower resistance, improved propeller inflow, and more efficient propellers. Compared to the traditional design, some podded designs are predicted to reduce the delivered power at the propeller by as much as 20%. The design objectives, design constraints and reasons for improved performance are discussed for each of the podded designs that are presented.
Data Acquisition System Used in JU-2000 Model Tests at University of New Orleans
Authors: Latorre Robert , Ashcroft Rick
Published: August 2022

Recently a series of tests of a 1/50 jack-up model in waves were completed using a portable data acquisition system at the University of New Orleans. The motion response of the model was measured in random waves and the test data extrapolated to provide full-scale predictions. The data acquisition for these wave induced motion tests consisted of a portable data acquisition system previously used for ocean transport monitoring. This system was modified for the model test program inputs. The successful completion of the tests showed the data acquisition system as reliable and user friendly system that enabled the test matrix to be completed in a relatively short period of time.
Physical Model Tests for Ship Manoeuvring in Ice
Authors: Williams F. M. , Waclawek P.
Published: August 2022

Ore carriers navigating through ice filled channels and icebreakers escorting cargo ships are two examples of ships which must manoeuvre in ice. Information about the manoeuvring ability of such ships is required for ship design, for voyage planning, and for personnel training. With numerical simulation the eventual goal, physical model tests are an essential step in determining ship manoeuvring equations and parameters.

Simulation of ship manoeuvers in ice must take into account dynamics which are qualitatively different from those which control motions in open water. The constraining ice forces may be an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding hydrodynamic forces, and in fact are usually the limiting factors for ship operations in ice.

The usual Fourier methods used to determine hydrodynamic coefficients from open water PMM tests are not appropriate for ice manoeuvering analysis, for several reasons. The form of the manoeuvering equations in ice is different from that in open water. Runs in the ice tank are restricted in length, and the number of runs is restricted by the time and cost to produce an ice sheet. This paper outlines a new methodology for manouvering testing and analysis which takes into account both the complexity of the ship-ice interaction and also the requirement to obtain information in a cost-effective manner.
Testing the effectiveness of rbcLa DNA-barcoding for species discrimination in tropical montane cloud forest vascular plants (Oaxaca, Mexico) using BLAST, genetic distance, and tree-based methods
Authors: Trujillo-Argueta Sonia , del Castillo Rafael F. , Velasco-Murguía Abril
Published: August 2022

DNA-barcoding is a species identification tool that uses a short section of the genome that provides a genetic signature of the species. The main advantage of this novel technique is that it requires a small sample of tissue from the tested organism. In most animal groups, this technique is very effective. However, in plants, the recommended standard markers, such as rbcLa, may not always work, and their efficacy remains to be tested in many plant groups, particularly from the Neotropical region. We examined the discriminating power of rbcLa in 55 tropical cloud forest vascular plant species from 38 families (Oaxaca, Mexico). We followed the CBOL criteria using BLASTn, genetic distance, and monophyly tree-based analyses (neighbor-joining, NJ, maximum likelihood, ML, and Bayesian inference, BI). rbcLa universal primers amplified 69.0% of the samples and yielded 91.3% bi-directional sequences. Sixty-three new rbcLa sequences were established. BLAST discriminates 80.8% of the genus but only 15.4% of the species. There was nil minimum interspecific genetic distances in Quercus, Oreopanax, and Daphnopsis. Contrastingly, Ericaceae (5.6%), Euphorbiaceae (4.6%), and Asteraceae (3.3%) species displayed the highest within-family genetic distances. According to the most recent angiosperm classification, NJ and ML trees successfully resolved (100%) monophyletic species. ML trees showed the highest mean branch support value (87.3%). Only NJ and ML trees could successfully discriminate Quercus species belonging to different subsections: Quercus martinezii (white oaks) from Q. callophylla and Q. laurina (red oaks). The ML topology could distinguish species in the Solanaceae clade with similar BLAST matches. Also, the BI topology showed a polytomy in this clade, and the NJ tree displayed low-support values. We do not recommend genetic-distance approaches for species discrimination. Severe shortages of rbcLa sequences in public databases of neotropical species hindered effective BLAST comparisons. Instead, ML tree-based analysis displays the highest species discrimination among the tree-based analyses. With the ML topology in selected genera, rbcLa helped distinguish infra-generic taxonomic categories, such as subsections, grouping affine species within the same genus, and discriminating species. Since the ML phylogenetic tree could discriminate 48 species out of our 55 studied species, we recommend this approach to resolve tropical montane cloud forest species using rbcLa, as an initial step and improve DNA amplification methods.
Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam. By Holger Gzella
Authors: Häberl Ch. G.
Published: August 2022

A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam. By Holger Gzella. Handbuch der Orientalistik, vol. 111. Leiden: Brill, 2015. Pp. xv + 451. $363.
Assessing Biblical and Classical Sources for the Reconstruction of Persian Influence, History and Culture. Edited by Anne Fitzpatrick-Mckinley
Authors: Waters Matt
Published: August 2022

Assessing Biblical and Classical Sources for the Reconstruction of Persian Influence, History and Culture. Edited by Anne Fitzpatrick-Mckinley. Classica et Orientalia, vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015. Pp. 216. €52 (paper).
Recognition in the Arabic Narrative Tradition: Discovery, Deliverance and Delusion. By Philip F. Kennedy
Authors: Lawson Todd
Published: August 2022

Recognition in the Arabic Narrative Tradition: Discovery, Deliverance and Delusion. By Philip F. Kennedy. Edinburgh Studies in Classical Arabic Literature. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 356. $130, £80.
L’Ésotérisme shi‘ite: Ses racines et ses prolongements / Shi‘i Esotericism: Its Roots and Developments. Edited by M. A. Amir-Moezzi, M. de Cillis, D. de Smet, and O. Mir-Kasimov
Authors: Lawson Todd
Published: August 2022

L’Ésotérisme shi‘ite: Ses racines et ses prolongements / Shi‘i Esotericism: Its Roots and Developments. Edited by M. A. Amir-Moezzi, M. de Cillis, D. de Smet, and O. Mir-Kasimov. Bibliothèque de l’École des Hautes Etudes, sciences religieuses, vol. 177. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2016. Pp. v + 870. €95 (paper).
Against Dharma: Dissent in the Ancient Indian Sciences of Sex and Politics. By Wendy Doniger
Authors: McClish Mark
Published: August 2022

Against Dharma: Dissent in the Ancient Indian Sciences of Sex and Politics. By Wendy Doniger. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 226. $26.
10. Ägyptologische Tempeltagung: Ägyptische Tempel zwischen Normierung und Individualität. Edited by Martina Ullmann
Authors: Eaton Katherine
Published: August 2022

10. Ägyptologische Tempeltagung: Ägyptische Tempel zwischen Normierung und Individualität. Edited by Martina Ullmann. Königtum, Staat und Gesellschaft Früher Hochkulturen, vol. 3.5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2016. Pp. xiii + 194, illus. €48 (paper).
Critical Edition and an Annotated Translation of the Akanānūru (Part 1—Kaḷiṟṟiyāṉainirai), vol. I: Introduction, Invocation–50; vol. II: 51–120; vol. III: Old Commentary on Kaḷiṟṟiyāṉainirai KV–90; Word Index of Akanānūru KV–120. By Eva Wi
Authors: Selby Martha Ann
Published: August 2022

A Critical Edition and an Annotated Translation of the Akanānūru (Part 1—Kaḷiṟṟiyāṉainirai), vol. I: Introduction, Invocation–50; vol. II: 51–120; vol. III: Old Commentary on Kaḷiṟṟiyāṉainirai KV–90; Word Index of Akanānūru KV–120. By Eva Wilden. Collection Indologie, vol. 134.1–3. Critical Texts of Caṅkam Literature, vol. 4.1–3. NETamil Series, vol. 1.1–3. Pondichéry: École Française d’Extrême-Orient and Institut Français de Pondichéry, 2018. Pp. cl + 323, 324–787, 470.
Qur’an: A Historical-Critical Introduction. By Nicolai Sinai
Authors: Durie Mark
Published: August 2022

The Qur’an: A Historical-Critical Introduction. By Nicolai Sinai. The New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. Pp. viii + 242. £90 (cloth); £24.99 (paper).
Nachgelassene Schriften: 1. Ein westtocharisches Ordinationsritual. 2. Eine dritte tocharische Sprache: Lolanisch. By Klaus T. Schmidt
Authors: Hitch Doug
Published: August 2022

Nachgelassene Schriften: 1. Ein westtocharisches Ordinationsritual. 2. Eine dritte tocharische Sprache: Lolanisch. By Klaus T. Schmidt. Edited by Stefan Zimmer. Monographien zur Indischen Archäologie, Kunst und Philologie, vol. 24. Bremen: Hempen, 2018. Pp . xiv + 275 . $75.
Brahmā’s Curse: Facets of Political and Social Violence in Premodern Kashmi. By Walter Slaje
Authors: Nemec John
Published: August 2022

Brahmā’s Curse: Facets of Political and Social Violence in Premodern Kashmir. By Walter Slaje. Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis, vol. 13. Halle an der Saale: Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg, 2019. Pp . viii + 53. €48.
Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661–1257. By Taef El-Azhari
Authors: Cheikh Nadia El
Published: August 2022

Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661–1257. By Taef El-Azhari. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019. Pp. xix + 449. $140, £90.
Kleine Schriften. By Eva Tichy, edited by Axel Metzger
Authors: Jamison Stephanie W.
Published: August 2022

Kleine Schriften. By Eva Tichy, edited by Axel Metzger. Bremen: Hempen Verlag, 2018. Pp. xviii + 698. €98.
Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese. By Nathan W. Hill
Authors: Handel Zev
Published: August 2022

The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese. By Nathan W. Hill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xiv + 373. $110.
Al-Kashshāf: Al-Zamakhsharī’s Muʿtazilite Exegesis of the Qurʾan. By Kifayat Ullah
Authors: Laher Suheil
Published: August 2022

Al-Kashshāf: Al-Zamakhsharī’s Muʿtazilite Exegesis of the Qurʾan. By Kifayat Ullah. Berlin: de Gruyter. Pp. x + 259. $91.99, €79.95, £72.50.
Al-Ghazālī on Condemnation of Pride and Self-Admiration (Kitāb Dhamm al-kibr wa’l-ʿujb): Book XXIX of the Revival of the Religious Sciences (Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn). Translated by Mohammed Rustom
Authors: Ingalls Matthew B.
Published: August 2022

Al-Ghazālī on Condemnation of Pride and Self-Admiration (Kitāb Dhamm al-kibr wa’l-ʿujb): Book XXIX of the Revival of the Religious Sciences (Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn). Translated by Mohammed Rustom. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, 2018. Pp. xxxvi + 190. £17.99 (paper).
Sumerian Model Contracts from the Old Babylonian Period in the Hilprecht Collection Jena. By Gabriella Spada
Authors: Gadotti Alhena
Published: August 2022

Sumerian Model Contracts from the Old Babylonian Period in the Hilprecht Collection Jena. By Gabriella Spada. Texte und Materialien der Hilprecht Collection, vol. 11. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2018. Pp. x + 126, 32 pls. €78.
Historical Aspects of Standard Negation in Semitic. By Ambjörn Sjörs
Authors: Pat-El Na'ama
Published: August 2022

Historical Aspects of Standard Negation in Semitic. By Ambjörn Sjörs. Studies in Semitic Languages

and Linguistics, vol. 91. Leiden: Brill, 2018. Pp. xv + 478. $140.
Le waqf de la mosquée des Omeyyades de Damas: Le manuscrit ottoman d’un inventaire mamelouk établi en 816/1413. Edited by Mathieu Eychenne, Astrid Meier, and Élodie Vigouroux
Authors: Martel-Thoumian Bernadette
Published: August 2022

Le waqf de la mosquée des Omeyyades de Damas: Le manuscrit ottoman d’un inventaire mamelouk établi en 816/1413. Edited by Mathieu Eychenne, Astrid Meier, and Élodie Vigouroux. Beirut: Presses de l’ifpo, 2018. Pp. 741. €75.
Price Spread Analysis of Castor in Salem and Namakkal District
Authors: Subhashree M. , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa , Prahadeeswaran M. , Paramaeswari E.
Published: August 2022

India is the world’s largest producer of castor oil, producing over 75% of the total world’s supply. Castor oil is unique owing to its exceptional diversity of applications. The oil and its derivatives are used in over 100 different applications in diverse industries such as paints, lubricants, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paper, rubber and more. Castor oil is possibly the plant oil industry’s most underappreciated asset. This study is conducted in Salem and Namakkal district to find out the price spread among the marketing channels as well as the marketing efficiency of various marketing channels in the castor crop. Random sampling method was adopted for the study where the primary data has been collected from 100 castor farmers. Among the three marketing channels, the value chain III, namely Farmer – Processors (Oil Millers) - Retailers – Consumers was the most efficient value chain because it had the highest value chain efficiency 2.57 because it had fewer intermediaries than the other value chains.
Learning Environment, Motivation, and Challenges of Junior High Students under Physical Education Modular Instruction
Authors: C. Margario Bena Mae , Solidarios Joecil T. , Bual Joel M.
Published: August 2022

Aims: This paper described the availability of students’ learning environment in physical education under modular instruction in terms of exercise and dance in a public school in Negros Occidental, Philippines during the school year 2021-2022 when they were taken as a whole and grouped according to sex, parents' highest educational attainment, and family income. Likewise, it described their learning motivation both intrinsic and extrinsic. Lastly, it described their challenges in environment, content, teacher, learner, and technology.

Study Design: The study utilized the quantitative design particularly the descriptive approach.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among the students of a public school in Negros Occidental, Philippines during the school year 2021-2022.

Methodology: Using the validated and reliability tested questionnaires, the study was responded by 264 grade 10 students determined through stratified random sampling. The instrument was assessed using the scale: 1-strongly disagree, 2-disagree, 3-neutral, 4-agree, and 5-strongly agree. In terms of data analysis, mean and standard deviation were utilized to describe the three constructs.

Results: The students’ availability of learning environment facilities in physical education under modular instruction in terms of exercise (M=3.93; SD=0.52) is rated with agreeable result. In the availability of learning environment facilities relative to dance        (M=3.88; SD=0.63), it was rated with agreeable result. Finally, the overall availability of learning environment facilities (M=3.91; SD=0.53) in physical education under modular instruction is rated with agreeable result. Meanwhile, the students’ intrinsic motivation (M=4.30; SD=0.60) is rated strongly agree. Their extrinsic motivation (M=4.09; SD=0.67) in physical education is rated agree. Finally, the overall students’ learning motivation (M=4.19; SD=0.60) in physical education is rated with agreeable result. The students’ challenges in learning physical education (M=3.31; SD=0.84) is rated neutral. The top challenge is the students’ difficulty in understanding the lessons in dance (M=3.69; SD=0.96) with agreeable result. The least challenge is on the students’ existing health conditions and diseases (M=2.29; SD=1.27) with disagreeable result.

Conclusion: The success of physical education modular instruction highly depends on the availability of environment facilities as manifested by the favorable space and adequate learning resources. Also, when the students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are in place, quality physical education instruction is guaranteed.
Language and Communication Discourses in Conflict Management: A Case Study of the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon
Authors: Muluh Nkwetisama Carlous , Solange Nengi Nduh Peng Mary
Published: August 2022

This paper sets out to analyse the language and communication strategies that are being used in attempts at resolving the crisis; to determine if these strategies are liable in the escalation or de-escalation of the conflict. It has been noticed that the language and Communication used by the social actors to manage the Anglophone conflict in Cameroon has not been effective, and thus futile. This research aims at investigating the role language and communication play in the process of conflict management and resolution. It sought to examine the ways language is being used in resolving the Cameroon Anglophone conflict. This paper is undertaken within the framework of the Critical Discourse Analysis which studies the way social power abuse, dominance and inequality are enacted, produced and resisted through text and talk and Systemic Functional Linguistics which holds that one does not speak and write in isolated sentences but in meaningful units called texts which are produced in and influenced by context. The research approach used in this study was the qualitative design. The data was collected with the aid of 3 interviews and content analysis of 3 speeches of the Head of State on the Anglophone conflict. The data was analysed using the content analysis method. From the findings, it was discovered that the language and communication used in managing and resolving the crisis is not adequate enough to put an end to the crisis. The choice of words used by the actors rather cause pain, anger, and hurt in the hearts of the people rather than easing the pain, thus escalating the conflict. The findings of the study indicate amongst others that the actors of the conflict do not make use of the language strategies in their attempts at resolving the crisis probably because they do not give language the important role it plays in conflict resolution. The communication strategies used in managing the crisis is not efficient enough to successfully resolve it, and the vocabulary used by the actors of the conflict rather cause the conflict to escalate as they rather cause hurt and anger in the hearts of fellow actors, causing more violent actions to be exhibited.
Analysis of the Decision-making Process for Purchasing of Ornamental Fish at the Bogor Ornamental Fish Marketing Depot
Authors: Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Rachmaningrum Fitriana Dyah , Haetami Kiki , Maulina Ine
Published: August 2022

Ornamental fish as a commodity of high economic value and has its own charm, makes consumers have a variety of goals and needs in purchasing ornamental fish. This study aims to analyze consumer characteristics and describe the consumer decision-making process at the Bogor Ornamental Fish Marketing Depot. The method used is survey method and sampling technique using accidental sampling. The source of data using primary and secondary data with 75 respondents. The research result showed that characteristics of the respondents who visited the most were male, age ranged from 20-25 years, undergraduate education level, type of work as a private employee, and income level of Rp 1,000,000. The results of the analysis of the purchasing decision process show that most of the consumers' motivation in buying ornamental fish as decoration, the respondent's information search comes from friends and the surrounding environment. Evaluation of alternative respondents chose the reason for buying ornamental fish because the price of ornamental fish was affordable. Purchase decisions are made unplanned, while the frequency of visits by respondents is usually uncertain and the time of visit is at the end of the month. Post-purchase behavior, respondents feel that the Bogor Ornamental Fish Marketing Depot is a clean and comfortable place, respondents are also satisfied with buying ornamental fish.
Assessing the Quality of Sepsis Management in an African Island
Authors: Nuckchady D.
Published: August 2022

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “ Assessing the Quality of Sepsis Management in an African Island ”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Monkey Pox Virus: A Re-Emerging Potential Healthcare Threat
Authors: Ifediora A. C. , Itaman V. O.
Published: August 2022

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) causes monkey pox infection which is a zoonotic disease with symptoms presentation similar to smallpox. The disease has a public health significance as it affects humans and animals worldwide. It is usually self-limiting but may be acute in some people. Transmission occurs via exposure to skin lesions, bodily fluids, or respiratory droplets of infected animals directly or indirectly. The clinical manifestation of the disease includes a prodromal illness with fever, malaise, swollen lymph nodes, characteristic rash, chills and/or sweats, headache, sore throat, cough, backache and shortness of breath. The incubation period is usually between 7 to 14 days with an upper limit of 21 days. Laboratory diagnosis is imperative and requires advanced technical skills and well-advanced laboratory methods. Monkeypox treatment is mainly supportive as there has been no proven treatment available over the years. Tecovirimat is a new antiviral which has received approval but still in limited supply, however, the use of smallpox vaccine, cidofovir, ST-246, and vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) have been recommended in the management of monkeypox outbreaks. Effective prevention depends on minimizing contact with infected patients or animals, practicing good hygienic habits after making contact with infected animals or humans, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the use of smallpox vaccination when unprotected exposure occurs. However, new therapeutics and vaccines offer hope for the treatment and prevention of monkeypox. There is therefore, a need for future researches to focus on identifying the virus and its host factors that regulate transmission between humans and animals.
Role of Regulatory Affairs in a Medical Device Industry
Authors: Sharma Akash , Luthra Gaurav
Published: August 2022

Regulatory Affairs experts are the important part of the Medical Device industry since it is concern about the orthopaedic Implant/Instruments lifecycle, it gives key, strategic and functional bearing and backing for working inside guidelines to speed up the turn of events and conveyance of protected and compelling orthopaedic products to people all over the globe. The responsibility of regulatory affairs is to create and execute an regulatory system to guarantee that the medical device product is approvable by worldwide different regulatory authorities, but on the other hand is separated from the opposition somehow or another and furthermore is to guarantee that the organization's exercises, from non-clinical exploration through to publicizing and advancement, are lead as per the guidelines and rules laid out by Regulatory Authorities. Regulatory Affairs is an appealing profession decision for graduate understudies from a logical foundation who appreciate correspondence and cooperation, are compatible with performing various tasks and are anxious to grow their insight in the wide domains of the Medical world. Regulatory Affairs is a fulfilling, mentally invigorating and exceptionally respected department inside Medical device companies. In this research article different regulatory authorities worldwide are taken into the contrast for medical devices approvals and regulatory controls. The role and importance of the regulatory affairs professional is pictured as a bridge between the medical device industry and different regulatory authorities worldwide.
Risk Assessment of the Fungicide Talius with the Active Substances Proquinazid
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Rivedal Edgar , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar
Published: August 2022

Talius is a new fungicide containing the new active substance proquinazid. Talius is a fungicide against cereal powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) in cereals and grass seed. The risk assessment was finalized at a meeting Mai 29, 2012, by VKM’s Scientific Panel on plant protection products (VKM). VKM is in particular asked by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to look at the following: 

The human health risk for operators related to the properties of the active substance and the product. o The effects seen in studies on dog and if these effects warrant a classification for chronic toxicity. o The oncogenic effects in liver and thyroid. o The establishment of reference values (ADI, AOEL and ARfD). o Dermal absorption. o The classification and labelling of the active substances and the product. • The fate and behaviour in the environment and the ecotoxical effects and risks with regard to the properties of Talius and proquinazid.

VKM’s conclusion is as follows: 

Health:

VKM concluded that a less serious effect (dose-related ocular discharge increase) was seen in dogs in both the 90 days study and 1 year-study. The opinion of the Panel is that cholangiocarcinomas is relevant for the classification of cancer and VKM is concerned about these effects. 

VKM proposes an NOAEL of 1.2 mg/kg bw/day for proquinazid based on the 2 year study with rats.

VKM support:

The proposed ADI value of 0.01 mg/kg bw/day. • The proposed AOEL value of 0.02 mg/kg bw/day.

 

The proposed ARfD value of 0.2 mg/kg bw/day. • The proposed classification from The Norwegian Food Safety Authority.

VKM supports The Norwegian Food and Safety Authority calculations for dermal absorption under Norwegian directions for use (2.6 times higher dilution).

Environment:

Proquinazid can be persistent under prevailing conditions in Norway and the Panel considers the results from the Finnish PEC calculator to be relevant for Norwegian conditions and expects that repeated annual applications may cause accumulation in soil up to an equilibrium level under Norwegian conditions.The potential for groundwater contamination from leaching of proquinazid and its metabolites are low. There are minimal risks for toxic effects of proquinazid to terrestrial organisms, sediment dwelling organisms, aquatic plants, and algae with the proposed application regime. 

For fish and invertebrates minimal risks are calculated provided that a 3 m buffer zone is used.
Risk Assessment of the Growth Inhibitor Bonzi with the Active Substance Paclobutrazol
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar
Published: August 2022

Bonzi is a new plant growth regulator containing the active ingredient paclobutrazol of the triazole chemical class. Bonzi is for use on ornamental plants, such as Chrysanthemum, Perennial Plants, Bedding Plants, Foliage Plants, Geraniums, Hibiscus and Azaleas, in nurseries and greenhouses.

 

VKM was requested by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to consider the potential of Bonzi and paclobutrazol to induce reproductive effects in humans; in particular the relative sensitivity and relation between maternal effects and the effects on the offspring; and to what extent cleft palate observed in developmental studies in rat can be regarded as a specific teratogenic effect of relevance for humans. The risk assessment was finalized in a meeting in VKM’s Scientific Panel on Plant Protection Products on May 24. 2013.

VKM’s conclusions are as follows:

 

No adverse effect on fertility or reproductive performance was seen in rats. VKM concluded that the incidences of twisted snout observed in the F1 and F2 offspring of paclobutrazol treated rats are not likely to represent a developmental alteration, but rather an unspecific toxic effect.

 

Marked maternal toxicity was seen in rats above 250 mg/kg bw/day, while partially ossified 7th cervical transverse processes and supernumerary 14th ribs were found in the offspring at 10 - 40 mg/kg/day. VKM concluded that the latter should be regarded as a direct teratogenic effect of paclobutrazol.

 

Furthermore, VKM concluded that the data from the developmental toxicity studies are inconclusive regarding the effect on cleft palate development in rat foetuses.

 

VKM proposes a NOAEL of 2.5 mg/kg bw/day for paclobutrazol based on a developmental toxicity study in rats.
Risk Assessment of the Insecticide Plenum 50 WG with the Active Substances Pymetrozine
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Rivedal Edgar , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar
Published: August 2022

Plenum is a new insecticide containing the new active substance pymetrozine. Plenum is an insecticide against different pests in ornamentals, lettuce, cucumber and tomato in greenhouse and against pollen beetles in oilseed- and turnip rapes. The risk assessment was finalized at a meeting Mai 29, 2012, by VKM’s Scientific Panel on plant protection products (VKM). The Panel is in particular asked by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to look at the following: 

The human health risk for operators related to the properties of the active substance and the product. The Panel is in particular asked to look at the following: o The effects seen in studies on dog and if these effects warrant a classification for chronic toxicity. o The oncogenic effects in liver and lungs o The genotoxicity of metabolite CGA 300407. o The effects on reproduction and if the effects seen in teratology studies and developmental neurotoxicity study warrant a classification for developmental toxicity o The establishment of NOAELs and reference values (ADI, AOEL and ARfD). o The classification and labelling of the active substances and the product.

VKM’s conclusion is as follows: 

The effects reported in the repeated dose toxicity studies with dogs should be considered as adverse.  

The increased incidence of liver and lung tumors should be considered as relevant for humans. It cannot be excluded that a genotoxic mechanism could be involved in the formation of the liver tumors, which would have implications for risk assessment. It should therefore be considered to test pymetrozine in more sensitive in vivo genotoxic endpoints in liver. 

The effects reported in the teratogenicity studies in rats and rabbits and in the developmental neurotoxicity study in rats should be considered for a classification of pymetrozine for developmental toxicity. 

Risk calculations with both the German model and the UK POEM show low risk if personal protection equipment is used.

VKM propose:

NOAEL of 0.6 mg/kg bw/day for pymetrozine based on the 1-year study in dogs.

 

AOEL of 0.006 mg/kg bw/day for pymetrozine based on the NOAEL value at 0.6 mg/kg bw/day from the one year study in dogs and an UF of 100.

 

ADI of 0.006 for pymetrozine based on the NOAEL value at 0.6 mg/kg bw/day from the one year study in dogs and an UF of 100.

 

ARfD of 0.02 mg/kg bw/day for pymetrozine based on the LOAEL value at 8.1 mg/kg bw/day from the developmental neurotoxicity study and an UF of 500 (10 x interspecies difference, 10 x intraspecies difference, 3 x due to the use of a LOAEL value and 2 x due to the adversity of the neurodevelopmental effects).

VKM supports the classification proposal from Norwegian Food Safety Authority.
Risk Assessment of the Biological Plant Protection Products Nemasys G and Nemasys H with the Active Organism Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora
Authors: Källqvist Torsten , Borgå Katrine , Dirven Hubert , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Lyche Jan Ludvig , Låg Marit , Nilsen Asbjørn Magne , Sverdrup Line Emilie
Published: August 2022

Nemasys G and Nemasys H with the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as the active organism is applied for as a plant protection product in Norway. Nemasys G is intended for use against the garden chafer (Phyllopertha horticola) in lawns and Nemasys H against black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) in strawberries and ornamentals.

VKM was requested by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to consider the possible health and environmental risk related to the properties of Nemasys G and Nemasys H; in particular to evaluate if the nematode is naturally occurring in Norway, the potential for establishing and spreading under Norwegian conditions, possible taxonomic challenges and assessment of the health risk related to its use.

The assessment was finalized in October 2014 by VKM’s Panel on Plant Protection Products.

VKM’s conclusions are as follows:

Natural occurrence of the nematode:

The nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora has not been observed in Norway, but is widespread world-wide in regions with continental and Mediterranean climates. In Europe it has been isolated in France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldavia, Spain, Switzerland and the UK.

Potential for establishing and spreading of the nematode under Norwegian conditions:

The thermal preference of H. bacteriophora restricts its establishing. Short term establishment in the growing season is possible in parts of Norway. This nematode has however poor long term survival in soil, especially in the absence of suitable hosts, and the potential for long term establishment in Norway is considered to be low.

Taxonomic challenges:

There are no taxonomic challenges related to assessment of this nematode.

Human health risk for operators:

Exposure of user is considered to be low. The use of plant protection products containing Heterorhabditid nematodes against insects has not been associated with health effects on humans. The symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens has not been linked to pathogenic effects in humans. It is therefore the view of VKM that the use of the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora with the symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens will have minimal health risk for operators.
Risk Assessment of the Fungicide Infinito with the Active Substances Fluopicolide and Propamocarb HCL
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Rivedal Edgar , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar
Published: August 2022

Infinito is a new fungicide containing the two active substances fluopicolide and propamocarb-HCL. Infinito is a new generation fungicide to protect potatoes against the blight pathogen phytophtora infestans. The risk assessment was finalized at a meeting Mai 29, 2012, by the Panel on plant protection products of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). 

The Norwegian Food Safety Authority would like, in this regard, an assessment of the following:

The fate and behaviour in the environment and the ecotoxicological effects and risks with regard to the properties of Infinito and the active substances. The Panel is particularly asked to look at the following: o The persistence of fluopicolide and its metabolites. o The leaching potential of fluopicolide and its metabolites.

VKM considers both fluopicolide and its main metabolite M-01 (2,6-dichlorobenzamid (BAM)) to be persistent in Norwegian soils and surface waters.

Other conclusions from VKM are as follows:

Fluopicolide and its main metabolite may have a significant potential for soil accumulation after repeated use under Norwegian conditions.

 

Fluopicolide shows low mobility in both studies and modelling. Metabolite M-01 (BAM) is however highly mobile.

 

There is minimal risk for toxic effects of fluopicolide to terrestrial and aquatic organisms with the proposed application regime.
Effect of Phosphorus and Boron on Growth and Yield of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)
Authors: Srinu Kaasoju , Umesha C. , Reddy Harsha Komal Nath
Published: August 2022

During the rainy season (kharif) of 2021, a field trail “Effect of phosphorus and boron on growth and yield of foxtail millet (Setaria italica)” was conducted treatments with three levels of phosphorus and boron (i.e. P with 25, 30, 35kg/ha and B with 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 kg/ha respectively) at the CRF (Crop Research Farm) SHIATS, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The soil of the experimental plot had a sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 6.9), low in organic carbon (0.112%), available nitrogen (278.93 kg/ha), available phosphorus (10.8 kg/ha) and available potassium (206.4 kg/ha). Treatments included T1 – 25 kg P/ha + 1.5 kg B/ha, T2 – 25 kg P/ha + 3.0 kg B/ha, T3 – 25 kg P/ha + 4.5 kg B/ha, T4 – 30 kg P/ha + 1.5 kg B/ha, T5 – 30 kg P/ha + 3.0 kg B/ha, T6 – 30 kg P/ha + 4.5 kg B/ha, T7 – 35 kg P/ha + 1.5 kg B/ha, T8 – 35 kg P/ha + 3.0 kg B/ha, T9 – 35 kg P/ha + 4.5 kg B/ha. Application of 35 kg P/ha + 4.5 kg B/ha registered higher plant height (113.65 cm), number of tillers/m2 (66.00), dry plant weight (13.72 g/hill), number of productive tillers/m2 (54.67), grain yield (1695.00 kg/ha), straw yield (2514.00 kg/ha).
Assessment on Genetic Variability Correlation and Path Analysis for Quantitative Traits in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
Authors: Kumar D. Praveen , Lal Gabriyal M. , Babu Kaila Satish , Rajasekhar Jalla
Published: August 2022

Based on mean performance of 22 genotypes of Blackgram. Seed yield per plant was highest in case of KU-48 (6.08) followed by LBG-752 (6.00) genotypes. On the basis of Analysis of variance, significant difference was recorded for all the seed yield and its components indicating presence of large amount of variability in the genotypes. The magnitude of GCV and PCV recorded highest for seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, number of clusters per plant, harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, number of clusters per plant. Correlation at both genotypic and phenotypic level, seed yield per plant exhibited non-significant positive association with number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of primary branches per plant, days to maturity, biological yield per plant, plant height, harvest index, number of seeds per pod, pod length, days to 50% pod setting. Path analysis revealed that number of pods per plant harvest index registered high and positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. It indicates true relationship between these traits and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for yield improvement.