bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth enhancement of circular structure microstrip antenna based on inverted C-shaped ground configuration
Authors: Wardoyo Siswo , Permana Jaka , Supriyanto Toto , Wildan Muh , Febrizal  , Alam Syah , Firmansyah Teguh
Published: July 2024

Designing microstrip antennas with wide bandwidth and low-frequency capabilities presents several challenges. These difficulties mainly arise due to the relatively small size of the microstrip in comparison to the operating frequency. Therefore, achieving a combination of enhanced bandwidth and lowerfrequency cut-off becomes crucial to support a broad frequency range of communication technologies. This paper presents a method for enhancing the bandwidth of a circular microstrip antenna based on an inverted C-shaped ground configuration. The proposed method successfully creates an antenna with extended bandwidth while lowering the operating frequency. The antenna was simulated and then fabricated using an RO5880 duroid substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2, a thickness of 1.575 mm, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the antenna can operate effectively within a wide frequency range of 3.5 GHz to 18 GHz. Additionally, utilizing this method enables the antenna to function at even lower frequencies and wider bandwidth without the need for additional dimensions.
Enhanced optimization model decision efficient multi product retail
Authors: Aryza Solly , Efendi Syahril , Sihombing Poltak , Sawaluddin
Published: July 2024

The success of businesses depends on factors such as cost management, improving product and service quality, and satisfying customer demands. This study has been conducted to optimize the distribution of multiple product and levels of product flow under uncertain condition. This involves developing a mathematical model that minimizes supply chain costs while maximizing customer satisfaction across different scenarios. This is enabled businesses to introduce omnichannel approaches that cover all social strata, tastes, and habits, allowing organizations to take greater control over pricing and product selection and receive precise feedback from the market and customers.
On the design and linearization of transmitters for the LTE 450 base station
Authors: Rosołowski Dawid , Gryglewski Daniel , Wojtasiak Wojciech , Kajczuk Michał , Klocek Jędrzej
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the two transmitter analog paths of 10 W and 400 W peak output power developed for micro- and macro-cell LTE450 base stations, respectively. Each path contains a chain of amplifiers with a final stage designed in the Doherty architecture to improve total transmitter power efficiency. The paths were optimized for linearity and efficiency considering, i.e., an output power vs. input power course shape and tuning of the amplifier's operating points while using low computational complexity MP algorithms.
Analysis of solar power public street lighting optimization with Pvsyst software in a residential complex area
Authors: Simanjuntak Imelda Uli Vistalina , Heryanto  , Dani Akhmad Wahyu , Salamah Ketty Siti , Silalahi Lukman Medriavin , Marsuki
Published: July 2024

The duration of street light illumination on solarpowered public street lighting is often short-lived (decreased Tlol) due to exposure to near shading (loss irradiance) of 8.89% in residential complexes. Therefore, optimization of PV panels and battery components through PVsyst software simulation analysis is required. The simulation results after optimization showed that the PV array obtained 205 wp and a battery capacity of 62 ah (2 days of autonomy), resulting in a decrease in Tlol of 765 hours. While the Performance Ratio (PR) is 67.6%, there is an increase of 7.7%, and the sulfuric ratio is 93.6%, there is an increase in the energy supplied to users by 12.74% or 33.36 kWh.
Implementation of Doppler-Based Location Sensor on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Szczepanik Rafał
Published: July 2024

The article presents the first implementation of the Signal Doppler Frequency (SDF) location method on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) named Autonomous System of Location radio EmmiteRs (ASLER), employing a DJI Matrice UAV as its mobile platform for the radio sensor. The system is used for position estimation, i.e., determining the location coordinates of localized radio emitters. Such functionality is the basis of radio reconnaissance, electronic warfare, or combat systems, and many radio navigation systems. The ASLER localization procedure is based on the Doppler localization method, also known as the SDF. Its distinctive feature is the use of a single moving platform for localization. In addition, the SDF allows simultaneous localization of multiple emission sources, which is an innovative distinction compared to other solutions of this class. ASLER is the first autonomous implementation of the SDF method on a flying platform. This paper illustrates the hardware and software implementation of location sensor, and results of the first empirical studies.
Information technology in teaching and learning process at higher education institutions in students’ opinions
Authors: Romaniuk Miłosz Wawrzyniec , Łukasiewicz-Wieleba Joanna
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the opinions of students of The. Maria Grzegorzewska University on the use of information technologies in the teaching and learning process. In the diagnostic survey 139 students took part. The results indicate that students appreciate technologies for facilitating access to teaching materials, effectiveness of communication and opportunities for self-education, especially in the context of the pandemic, but they are not perceived as a remedy for all educational problems. The key challenges are providing appropriate infrastructure, teachers' competences, and students' self-regulation skills. Statistical analyzes have shown differences in the level of IT competences of students at various stages of studies, with a noticeable increase in these competences as they progress in education. The study emphasizes that technology should be a support in education, not a purpose in itself.
Information technologies in higher education teaching in the opinions of academic teachers
Authors: Romaniuk Miłosz Wawrzyniec , Łukasiewicz-Wieleba Joanna
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the opinions of academic teachers on the use of information technologies (ICT) in higher education teaching. Key conclusions from the study indicate the need to ensure a stable Internet connection and access to functional computer equipment and projectors in each classroom. Teachers emphasize the importance of financing the software and its systematic updating. The university's technical support is also important, including quick response to problems and the availability of the technical department. The respondents point out the need to increase the number of training courses on new tools and AI, which will allow for better adaptation to the needs of students. They also point to the need to equip classrooms with equipment for hybrid classes and support students by providing them with laptops and specialized software.
Effect of Pore Architecture of 3D Printed Open Porosity Cellular Structures on Their Resistance to Mechanical Loading: Part II – Numerical Analysis
Authors: Aladag Mehmet , Bernacka Monika , Dubicki Adrian , Zgłobicka Izabela
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate pore shape effect on resistance to compression of open porosity lattice structures obtained with 3D printing. To this end, three distinct pore architectures were investigated: ellipsoidal, helical and X-shape. Open porosity of these structures was 54%, 50% and 60%, respectively. Their mechanical properties were evaluated through compression tests, and their behaviours were analysed using finite element modelling (FEM). The results indicated that the pore size has a significant effect on the stiffness of cellular structures. It was observed that the helical structure exhibited superior properties among the structures tested due to homogenous stress distribution. It was also found that ellipsoidal and x-shape structures are much more sensitive to localisation of the deformation.
Non-Invasive Analysis of the Bioelectrical Impedance of a Human Forearm
Authors: Plonis Darius , Kalinauskas Edas , Katkevičius Andrius , Krukonis Audrius
Published: July 2024

This study explores the practical application and impact of bioimpedance analysis in mobile devices for monitoring human health. The objective of the study is to propose a feasible application of non-invasive bioimpedance analysis by using the tetrapolar electrode connection method and the Cole–Cole model. Bioimpedance measurements and the calculation of electrical parameters are performed using ANSYS HFSS software for theoretical calculations and digital signal processing technology for real-time measurements using hardware devices. The study focuses on a model of the front arm, including tissues such as bone, fat, muscles, arteries and skin, with glucose concentrations as test cases. The simulated characteristic impedance with the ANSYS HFSS software package at 125 kHz varied from 315.8 Ω to 312.6 Ω, and the measured forearm characteristic impedance with hardware varied from 150.1 Ω to 151.3 Ω. The measured characteristic impedance when the heart is in systole and diastole also differed, with a difference of about 0.85% of the maximum impedance measured. The study demonstrates the potential of non-invasive bioimpedance analysis to address health issues such as obesity and heart disease. It also highlights its usefulness as a non-invasive alternative for measuring glucose concentration in diabetic patients to reduce the risk of infection. The findings indicate the feasibility of using bioimpedance analysis in mobile devices for health monitoring purposes.
The multidetector CT evaluation of diffuse hyperostosis frontalis interna
Authors: Inal Mikail , Muluk Nuray Bayar , Celik Enes Nusret
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES. Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a condition that involves the non-cancerous growth of the inner part of the frontal bone. We investigated diffuse HFI in cranial CT in terms of bone thickness and density.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. The cranial CT images of 154 adult patients with diffuse HFI and 151 adult patients without HFI were included in the study. Bone thickness measurements were performed at vertex, frontal tuberosity and frontal sinus levels in the midline, right and left lateral parts. Density measurements were also performed in the same areas. In the HFI group, measurements were performed at the HFI and non-HFI regions. In the control group, density measurements were also performed.

RESULTS. HFI was detected more in females (96.1%). In diffuse HFI patients, bone thickness values increased at the vertex, frontal tuberosity and frontal sinus levels (p<0.05). Bone densities of the HFI parts increased at vertex and frontal tuberosity levels (p<0.05). In the HFI group, there were positive correlations between bone thicknesses (p<0.05). As bone thicknesses increased, bone density values decreased (p<0.05). In older patients, frontal tuberosity and frontal sinus bone densities decreased (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION. HFI may be one of the reasons for headaches in females. In the future, it would be better to investigate the relationship between HFI and headaches. The physicians should notice that increased bone thickness may be the sign of the HFI and they should consult with the Radiology Department. When HFI is detected, an endocrinological assessments will also be performed.
3D segmentation and 3D printing in presurgical planning and patient education in sinonasal tumoral pathologies
Authors: Dragomir Mihai , Sarafoleanu Codrut , Liciu Eduard , Cristea Daniel
Published: July 2024

Digital planning and 3D printing have seen a significant impact in personalised presurgical planning in ENT pathology. However, segmentation and 3D printing of the cranium and especially the sinuses in ENT sinonasal pathologies are still fraught with challenges. This article will provide a comprehensive analysis, from segmentation to 3D printing, to provide insights into the future directions of 3D printing in sinonasal pathology and its implications for patient care.
60 años de Rayuela, de Julio Cortázar
Authors: Ríos Baeza Felipe Adrián
Published: July 2024

A sesenta años de la publicación de Rayuela (1963), de Julio Cortázar, este ensayo propone una relectura en contrapunto con la crítica más tradicional, para demostrar que aún aparece como vigente en tanto novela autorreflexiva, capaz de desafiar, con herramientas parecidas a las de la deconstrucción, la forma de entender el poder performativo del lenguaje y la ficción. Empleando algunas nociones del postestructuralismo (Lacan, Derrida, Foucault, Deleuze), y más allá (Paul de Man, Žižek), se demostrará que Rayuela trasciende los consabidos núcleos temáticos o narrativos que siempre se comentan, y no solo para el ámbito estético, sino también para la dialéctica y la metafísica tradicionales. Por lo tanto, uno de los primeros cuestionamientos será la de considerarla aún una novela «total», e incluso una «antinovela». De esta manera, será posible entender de forma más acabada la reflexión que se lleva a cabo de procedimientos literarios puntuales, sobre todo en los capítulos de Morelli, para así asumirla, en el siglo XXI, como una novela abismal, deconstructiva y, ante todo, inventiva.
Patrimonio Transmedia. Análisis de la experiencia documental transmedia para la apropiación del patrimonio cultural en Colombia 2012-2019
Authors: Arias Peñaranda César Augusto
Published: July 2024

Este proyecto de investigación adopta un enfoque multidisciplinario para comprender las complejas relaciones entre el fenómeno transmedia y la convergencia de medios digitales, y su impacto en la percepción y salvaguarda del patrimonio cultural. La metodología incluye una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica y de proyectos transmediales vinculados al patrimonio, respaldada por un análisis bibliométrico y la aplicación de la técnica de Análisis de Redes Sociales. La investigación busca identificar prácticas efectivas y lecciones aprendidas para enriquecer futuras iniciativas, especialmente en el contexto colombiano. En la fase exploratoria, se implementaron estrategias para recopilar trabajos relacionados con el patrimonio y la memoria, destacando la importancia del transmedia patrimonial y sus implicaciones en usuarios y la salvaguarda del patrimonio.
Entrevista/conversación con Pierre Dardot a propósito de su libro “La memoria del futuro” referido al proceso chileno constituyente de 2022
Authors: González Raúl
Published: July 2024

La siguiente conversación con el Profesor Pierre Dardot tiene como antecedente directo su libro consagrado a Chile: La memoria del futuro. Chile 2019-2022. Es un análisis centrado en los últimos años de nuestro país que por un lado culminan con lo que en el lenguaje más general se ha llamado el estallido y por otro lado a partir de ello se abre un proceso que levanta la cuestión de una nueva constitución. El libro termina ya conociéndose el rechazo a lo que fue una primera propuesta constitucional construida por un grupo de consejeros convencionales elegidos para construirla y proponerla. Resultado sobre el cual el profesor Dardot realiza interpretaciones y entrega su visión de cómo enfrentar esa situación hacia delante. Todo ello, situado desde una visión de alta valoración vivida por el país en estos años recientes y que los articula a un proceso social más largo y con fuertes raíces en la historia de los últimos decenios.
Performatividad
Authors: Albornoz Farías Francisco Javier
Published: July 2024

El artículo propone una definición del concepto de performatividad a la luz del pensamiento crítico latinoamericano. Para ello, revisa el camino que Enrique Dussel traza para rastrear la categoría de trabajo vivo en Karl Marx, exponiendo su centralidad antropológica más allá de las críticas del encuadre económico. Desde esa fundamentación se propondrá la definición actualizada del concepto performatividad, para luego ejemplificar su operatividad en el contexto de la misma teoría política de Dussel. Por último, se propondrán futuros diálogos interdisciplinares con las ciencias sociales, la filosofía y la estética desde esta nueva herramienta conceptual, crítica y analítica enmarcada en una perspectiva decolonial.
Lo otro en la investigación social (acontecimiento y multiplicidad)
Authors: Agüero Águila Javier
Published: July 2024

El siguiente artículo persigue reflexionar en torno a la práctica de la investigación social a partir de categorías derivadas de la filosofía contemporánea. En esta línea, en una primera parte se abordará la cuestión del acontecimiento en la obra Jacques Derrida. En un segundo momento se trabajará con la noción de multiplicidad de Gilles Deleuze. Finalmente, se dejarán circulando algunas consideraciones sobre la investigación social y la pertinencia de abordarla desde nociones filosóficas.
Hacia una antropología de la salud desde la interculturalidad crítica
Authors: Jara Ferreira Catalina Fernanda
Published: July 2024

Este artículo aborda la noción de agencia en torno a la salud intercultural concebida a partir de una concepción dialógica de las asociaciones indígenas y el modelo biomédico. Se analiza la principal medida acogida por el Estado chileno para fortalecer el proceso de desarrollo de los pueblos originarios al interior de la salud pública; el Programa Especial de Salud y Pueblos Indígenas (PESPI). El análisis nos conducirá a afirmar que esta política pública deja de lado elementos centrales de la noción de salud colectiva y su capacidad de acción. Produciendo una desarticulación entre la demanda por el derecho a la salud, autonomía y autodeterminación de los pueblos originarios y su capacidad efectiva para posicionarse como actores en torno al proceso de salud, enfermedad, atención y prevención vinculado a su sentido de pertenencia con el territorio y los determinantes sociales. Según el presente imaginario, este desajuste dificultaría las posibilidades de generar una estrategia definida por el criterio de pertinencia cultural orientada a satisfacer las demandas del pueblo mapuche, en pos del reconocimiento de su medicina desde un enfoque de derechos específicos.
Crítica del Woke
Authors: Becerra Magdalena
Published: July 2024

En el presente texto corresponde a una propuesta de lectura en torno a las denominadas izquierdas woke, a partir de los principales debates filosóficos del pensamiento crítico desde América latina. Se plantea una panorámica en torno a las críticas, núcleos históricos y conceptuales que atraviesan este giro identitario, tales como el multiculturalismo, posmodernidad, liberalcentrismo, universalismo/universalidad; colonialismo, eurocentrismo, modernidad/ transmodernidad, derecho moderno y hegemonía política. En diálogo con La Izquierda no woke (2024) de Susan Neiman y a partir de las formulaciones de filósofos como Castro-Gómez y espacialmente Enrique Dussel, se aborda la tensión entre la ontología identitaria y la politica, siendo central la noción de universalismo abstracto. Por último, este examen se pregunta por el rendimiento político de los ideales emancipatorios de la modernidad y la actualidad del sujeto revolucionario para la constitución de izquierdas hegemónicas desde América Latina.
Presentación del número
Authors: Huerta Pedro
Published: July 2024

Queremos invitar al público general, como también a investigadores, estudiantes de pre y post grado del área de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, a leer, examinar, revisar y disfrutar los trabajos que se presentan en este número misceláneo “Investigación y pensamiento crítico desde América Latina”, correspondiente al número 37 de la Revista de la Academia. Bajo este nombre de “Investigación y pensamiento crítico desde América Latina”, hemos querido destacar la investigación y producción de un conocimiento situado desde América Latina. Una producción de saberes que evidencia nuestra condición de subalternidad periférica poscolonial y descolonial, sin incurrir en la insuficiencia o la negatividad de esta condición, como tampoco rescatando sobre ella puro esencialismo telúrico de lo propio.
Relationship Between Risk Factors and The Incidence of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Year 2019-2021
Authors: Almujahid Aldi , Syamel Muhammad  , Asterina
Published: July 2024

Background : Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) is a tumor originating from cytotrophoblast and syncytotrophoblast that invades myometrium, damages surrounding tissue and blood vessels, and causing bleeding.
Purpose : This study aims to determine the relationship between age, history of previous pregnancies, β-hCG levels, parity, and interval with last pregnancy on the incidence of GTN.
Method : This research is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional research design. Univariate analysis was carried out which described the frequency distribution of variables and bivariate analysis with the chi square statistical test .
Result : The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between age, history of previous pregnancies, β-hCG levels and parity) and the incidence of GTN, while the interval with the last pregnancy did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of GTN .
Conclusion: It was concluded that age, history of previous pregnancy, β-hCG levels, and parity are risk factors for GTN.
Description of Post Anesthetic Shivering (PAS) in Post Spinal Anesthesia Caesarean Section
Authors: Rafifa Tuffahati Naura , Rinal Effendi  , Aladin
Published: July 2024

Background: Post anaesthetic shivering (PAS) is a fasciculation of the face, jaw, or head or the occurrence of muscle hyperactivity so that the body can produce heat after anesthesia. Multiple factors can influence the incidence of PAS including age, sex, ASA physical status, body mass index, type of anesthesia, duration of surgery, room temperature, preoperative body temperature (<36,5â°C), and type of surgery. 
Objective : The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of PAS in post-spinal anesthesia caesarean section patients at RSIA Siti Hawa Padang
Method: This research is a descriptive observational study using accidental sampling technique and obtained a total sample of 52 patients
Result: The result showed that 25 of 52 patients (48,1%) experienced PAS. Most PAS events were experienced by moderate grade (25%), the age group >35 years (60%), underweight body mass index (62,5%), ASA II status (52,2%), preoperative temperature in the hypothermia group (51,4%), postoperative temperature in the normothermia group (66,7%), and operation duration >30 minutes (57,1%)
Conclusion: Most of the patients did not experience PAS and most of PAS experience was moderate grade.
Management of Eclampsia Patients Post-ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) at RSUP M Djamil Padang
Authors: Permatasari Ressy , Emilzon Taslim  , Yusrawati
Published: July 2024

Background: Eclampsia is a convulsive condition associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy which threatens maternal and fetal life which generally requires intensive care. Worsening conditions can complicate multi-organ disorders, coagulation disorders, and infections.
Case: A 20 year old, nulliparous woman, preterm gestational age 35-36 weeks of gestation, referred to M Djamil General Hospital with complaints of 3 seizures at home and loss of consciousness. At the time of examination, we found apathetic consciousness; blood pressure of 210/118 mmHg. Urine protein is +3. The patient was terminated by emergency cesarean section. The patient was anesthetized under general anesthesia, and was treated in the postoperative intensive care unit with a ventilator attached. During hospitalization, the patient developed recurrent seizure, laryngeal edema and cardiac arrest, but returned to circulation spontaneously after resuscitation. Hemodynamic and metabolic monitoring is strict on the patient and managed appropriately with good result.
Discussion: Eclampsia preceded by preeclampsia is known as a theoretical disease with a two-stage pathogenesis. The principles of eclampsia management are control of seizure, regulation of blood pressure, and termination of pregnancy. Collaboration between multidisciplinary teams determines the success of managing eclampsia cases and improving outcomes for the better.
The clinical and regulatory status of NDSRI: A global imperative
Authors: Tiwari Ritu , Mahalpure Gaurav Sanjay , Mahalpure Sakshi , Tiwari Anuanshika
Published: July 2024

Detecting N-nitrosamine impurities in medicines has been a significant challenge for drug manufacturers and regulators, especially with the recent emergence of nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs). The formation of NDSRIs is complex and primarily associated with reactions in the drug product. This paper explores the current technical knowledge on forming these impurities, including the risk factors, reaction conditions, and possible mitigation strategies. While significant scientific progress has been made in these areas, substantial gaps in mechanistic knowledge still make accurate predictions of NDSRI formation very difficult. The pharmaceutical industry's continued work on potential mitigation strategies and the generation of additional scientific data to address these knowledge gaps are crucial. Regulatory guidance and policy will continue to evolve in response to further changes in scientific understanding. In this article, we will delve into the detection methods, the mechanism of action, sample preparation techniques, and regulatory limits for nitrosamine impurities. We also discuss various reported nitrosamine impurities, their chemical structures, and their detection using methods like LC-MS/MS, GC-MS-HS, and HPLC. Additionally, we discuss different sample preparation techniques, such as solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and rapid-fire techniques. This review is intended to provide detailed information to analytical personnel working in various quality control laboratories and research organizations.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Maternal Ambivalence in Avni Doshi’s Burnt Sugar
Authors: Vijayakumaran Haritha , T Marx
Published: July 2024

Scholars and philosophers of motherhood studies have continuously highlighted the contradictions in the dominant cultural ideologies of motherhood and the lived experiences of mothers. While the ideologies define the mother as selfless, unconditional, and unequivocal in her love for her children, the actual experience, psychological and sociocultural studies reveal, is often permeated with negative, violent, and conflicting emotions towards children, known as maternal ambivalence. In India, where the idealisation blatantly spills over to deification, voicing such feelings becomes sacrilegious. This paper attempts to study how the novel Burnt Sugar (2020) by Avni Doshi dares to speak the “unspeakable” and demonstrates maternal ambivalence as resulting from a combination of psychological, social, and cultural factors. The analysis looks at how the text negotiates the interspace between daughter-centricity and matrifocality in women’s writing by giving voice to ambivalences on both sides of the mother’s experience—of mothering and being mothered. Ultimately, this study investigates the manner in which these feelings, which are not acknowledged within cultural conceptions of the mother, result in ambivalence and trauma across generations.
Facilities Tangibility and Patients’ Satisfaction in Selected Primary Health Centres in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Shodiya Olayinka , Obamiro John , Tijani Abideen
Published: July 2024

Background: Primary health care is widely acknowledged as the most economical means of achieving universal health coverage and addressing all types of health needs in close proximity to people's homes and communities. Nigeria’s high and growing rate of extreme poverty and illiteracy increases the urgency of the need for a primary healthcare system that is effective and sustainable.
Purpose: This study examines the effect of the facilities tangibility on patients’ satisfaction in selected primary health care centres in the Odeda local government area of Ogun State. It investigated the effect of physical facilities on patients’ satisfaction; assessed the influence of personnel’s appearance on patients’ satisfaction; and examined the role of the hospital’s equipment quality on patients’ satisfaction.
Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional survey research design and a questionnaire as the research instrument. A convenient sampling method was used to select 320 respondents from primary healthcare centres. Three hundred and twenty (320) copies of the questionnaire were administered to respondents, and 300 were received and analysed. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: The findings reveal a negative correlation between physical facilities and patients’ satisfaction (R = -0.101, N = 300, p > 0.05); a negative correlation between personnel’s appearance and patients’ satisfaction (R = -0.112, N = 300, p > 0.05); a negative correlation between equipment and patients’ satisfaction (R = -0.157, N = 300, p > 0.05). The study concluded that facilities tangibility had a negative influence on patients’ satisfaction. These findings imply that patients attending primary healthcare centres in the Odeda local government of Ogun State are dissatisfied with the facilities tangibility. It was recommended that hospitals’ management ensure that they have up-to-date facilities, an appealing physical environment, and modern-looking equipment to serve patients better and ensure they are satisfied.
Burial sites as Contested Memorial Terrain: Historicising burial places of African Indigenous church founders in Zimbabwe
Authors: Musoni Phillip
Published: July 2024

Abrahamic religions emphasise remembering their origins, how they began, where they come from, and possibly where they will keep the flock moving forward without losing focus. “Then Joseph made the sons of Israel (Jacob) swear [an oath], saying, “God will surely visit you and take care of you [returning you to Canaan], and [when that happens] you shall carry my bones up from here.” (Gen 50:35 Amplified Version). Against this backdrop, this article discusses the centrality of the burial sites of the late Bishop Samuel Mutendi and Archbishop Ezekiel Guti. In July 1880, Bishop Samuel Mutendi was born in Zaka, Masvingo, and died at 96 in 1976. Bishop Samuel Mutendi was buried in Gokwe, Defe-Dopota. Archbishop Ezekiel Guti was born on 5 May 1923 in Ngaone, Chipinge, and died at 100 on 5 July 2023. Archbishop Guti was buried in Bindura, Mashonaland East Province. What is critical to note is that the burial places of these two church founders were not the places of their birth. From an African traditional worldview, family members should be buried in their rural villages closer to where their late departed relatives were buried. Additionally, the article observed that Archbishop Guti was given a hero status and should have been buried at the Zimbabwe National Heroes Acre. Still, Guti was buried at Chipindura in Bindura and not at the Heroes Acre or his rural home in Chipinge. The immediate questions one would ask are: what is the significance of Defe, Dopota in Gokwe and Chipindura in Bindura? Or what is the peculiarity of these two places? The current article found that these two burial places were chosen to preserve these African Indigenous churches’ history and pedigrees connecting the past to the present. This study employs a historical approach to uncover the significance of Gokwe and Bindura. Theological reflection was also used to interpret the meaning of choosing Gokwe and Bindura as burial sites for Samuel Mutendi and Ezekiel Guti, respectively.
The Church of Central Africa Presbyterian 1924-2024: A Centenary Assessment
Authors: Knoetze Johannes J , Ross Kenneth
Published: July 2024

By the early twentieth century African churches were emerging from the work of the three missions with a Reformed identity which were working in Malawi. In a two-stage process of union, the three young churches came together in 1924/26 to form the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP). In anticipation of the centenary celebration in 2024, Zomba Theological University hosted a research conference in April 2023, aiming to take account of the 100-year history. The conference recognised the remarkable growth of the church, which now has millions of members in Malawi and neighbouring countries. It has built up its own distinctive tradition of worship, spirituality, and witness. It offers a wide range of social services and is influential at national level in Malawi. The conference also identified points of stress and tension, especially the recurrent question of how to balance unity and diversity in the life of the church. While it has never completely broken apart, there has been a constant struggle to attain meaningful unity. The centenary may be an opportunity for assessment and action. Creating an instrument to give theological attention to issues facing the CCAP may be one way to discover and deepen its identity and unity.
Looking Back at the Reformed Church in Zimbabwe’s Adoption of Individuals with Special Needs as Spiritual Workers
Authors: Baloyi Ezekiel
Published: July 2024

This article explores the progress made over the last 50 years by the Reformed Church in Zimbabwe (RCZ) in integrating people with special needs as spiritual workers. In 1891, missionaries from South Africa founded the RCZ. The Dutch Reformed Church propagated the gospel using various strategies and tactics, such as evangelism, education, healthcare, and literary translation. Missionaries utilised education as a means of evangelisation during the founding and development of the church. To serve those with unique needs, the church founded special institutions like the Henry Murray School for the Deaf and the Margaretha Hugo School for the Blind. There will be a historical synopsis of such an insertion. Subsequently, the focus of attention will be the adoption of special needs people ordained as pastors and evangelists in Zimbabwe’s Reformed Church throughout the last 50 years. Ultimately, this section will emphasise the accomplishments and efforts of specific pastors and evangelists. The article ends with recognising the inclusive approach used by the RCZ in sharing the gospel with people with special needs.
Realising the Right to Primary Education for Refugee and Asylum-Seeking Children in Cameroon: Appraising the Legal Framework, Compliance and Challenges
Authors: Agbor Doreen N. , Agbor Avitus A.
Published: July 2024

In international and regional human rights law, the right to education is arguably one of the most important rights since it is a social, economic, and cultural right and has a direct bearing on the enjoyment of civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights. For vulnerable groups, emphasis has always been placed on the need to respect, protect, fulfil, and promote the right to education, given the crucial role it plays in promoting peace, stability, and socio-economic and personal development. Two critical issues arise when looking at the children of refugees and asylum seekers: firstly, their vulnerability as involuntary migrants who have fled their home countries and settled in another country. Secondly, as children, they remain vulnerable to different forms of exploitation. Against this background, and in view of the huge number of refugees and asylum seekers in Cameroon, this study examines some of the measures taken by Cameroon to give effect to her international obligations as a State Party to numerous human rights instruments (both international and regional) recognising the right to compulsory and free primary education for children. To do this, the study commences with an assessment of the international human rights framework and identifies the various obligations created by those instruments that serve as benchmarks for evaluating whether Cameroon has fulfilled her international and regional obligations. The study analyses the challenges encountered in this regard and offers some insights on what could be done to surmount those challenges.
Exploring the Obligations to Complete Insurance Reforms in Lesotho
Authors: Mhango Mtendeweka
Published: July 2024

In 2014, Lesotho reformed the insurance business sector by adopting the Insurance Act 12 of 2014 and repealing the Insurance Act 18 of 1976. These reforms resulted from the government’s recognition that the Insurance Act of 1976 was outdated and not in keeping with modern insurance principles and practices. This state of affairs made it difficult for the government to regulate and supervise insurance companies. However, in 2019, the Revenue Appeals Tribunal (Tribunal) decided an important case that revealed that the executive branch had not fully implemented these reforms through the Central Bank of Lesotho. In the Insurance Act of 2014, the Central Bank of Lesotho is defined as the Commissioner. There are gaps in the Insurance Act of 2014. This article investigates the gap in the insurance legislation identified by the Tribunal and the obligations of the Commissioner to complete the reforms. It argues that the Commissioner is compelled to fill this gap in the law for at least two reasons. First, the Commissioner has national and international legal obligations to define funeral insurance policies and fully implement the insurance reforms. Second, it is submitted that with the advent of the Pension Funds Act 5 of 2019, the need to complete the insurance reforms is even more significant because this will enable pension funds to cost-effectively procure long-term insurance products, such as funeral benefits, for the advantage of their members and their members’ beneficiaries.
The Price They Pay for Their Independence: Understanding the Persecution of Judges in Africa as Retribution for Their Impartiality
Authors: Mavedzenge Justice Alfred
Published: July 2024

Various recent research studies suggest that most judiciaries in Africa are captured by the ruling elites and they are being weaponised to persecute political opponents through judicial prosecution. However, not much has been researched and written about the victimisation of courageous judicial officers in Africa who insist on performing their judicial functions impartially and in the process are persecuted as a form of retribution for their impartiality. Much of the existing literature analyses and frames the victimisation of judicial officers as ‘attacks against the independence of the judiciary’ in Africa. While the victimisation of judicial officers as punishment for their impartiality constitutes violation of the principle of the independence of the judiciary, this paper argues that certain forms of victimisation must be understood as persecution of judicial officers. The paper discusses case studies which demonstrate a pattern of persecutory measures undertaken against impartial judges, not just to undermine their independence but to punish them by inflicting upon them and their families as much harm and pain as is possible. Characterising these forms of victimisation as ‘attacks against the independence of judges’ does not adequately capture and depict the seriousness of this problem. It is mischaracterisation of the problem, which may affect the way in which solutions for this problem are designed. The paper identifies and discusses trends of this problem of persecution of judges in Africa. It presents these trends in three categories namely: (a) political persecution; (b) selective application of judicial ethics to persecute certain judges; and (c) the targeting of women judges for their impartiality.
Coronavirus Grants and their Effects on Youth Behaviour: The Case of Dzimauli Village in the Vhembe Region, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mthabeni Karabo Solomon , Nemasisi Rofhiwa Ronald , Thobejane Tsoaledi Daniel
Published: July 2024

This article is based on a study conducted in a village called Dzimauli in the Vhembe region of Limpopo, South Africa. The study explored the effects of the coronavirus grants with regard to the behaviour of unemployed youths. On 15 March 2020, the President of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, pronounced a national state of disaster to flatten the curve of Covid-19, which was spreading all over the world, particularly in South Africa. On 17 March 2020, the government formulated a council that would help the country in planning to curb the spread of coronavirus. Subsequently, on 23 March 2020, the president announced a national lockdown that started on 27 March 2020 because of escalating numbers of coronavirus cases. Many people lost their jobs in the form of retrenchments because of the spread of the disease and the introduction of the national lockdown, which meant that people were no longer able to go to work. The study adopted an exploratory qualitative research design to probe the coronavirus grants, which were later approved by the president of the country as a way of helping those youths who were unemployed because of this pandemic. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions to allow a free flow of probing and information. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, which allowed the researchers to use his own judgment in selecting participants. The study was guided by the social learning theory. Findings of the study indicate that most of the youths who received these grants used them for gambling and drugs. The study recommends, inter-alia that law enforcement agencies, doctors and nurses help the community by distributing relevant information and skills about the dangers of risky behaviours such as alcohol abuse, gambling and drug abuse, which are largely caused by easy access to the grant benefits.
Demographic Youth Bulge and Unemployment as Potential for Political Violence and Insecurity in Africa, with Special Reference to South Africa
Authors: Lebakeng Josiah Teboho , Matebese-Notshulwana Koliswa
Published: July 2024

Since the 1980s, several African countries have experienced dramatic demographic shifts, resulting in their demographic profiles becoming mainly youthful. The importance of a youthful demographic profile lies therein in that if an increase in the number of working-age individuals can be fully absorbed in innovative and productive activities, the level of average income per capita will increase, thus making such a youth bulge a demographic dividend. On the negative side, if this large cohort of young people cannot find employment, earn satisfactory incomes and are exposed to persistent poverty and unemployment, the potential for youth marginalisation and exclusion will increase, with devastating and often violent consequences. A lack of social and economic opportunities could generate unease about the future of youths, and cultivate anger and loathing towards society and government, thus heightening the risk of uprisings, demonstrations and revolts. In this respect, the youth bulge becomes a demographic time bomb that will threaten state, national and human security. This article, using a sociopolitical demography approach, seeks to look at the potential impact and implications of demographic factors, specifically in South Africa. The article is mainly conceptual and employs mixed-method research to explore the potential impact and make several recommendations.
Assessing the Role of Information Science Leaders in Promoting Security and Privacy Practises in the South African Entrepreneurial Sector
Authors: Makhanya Monument Thulani Bongani
Published: July 2024

In an era when digital information is becoming increasingly vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks and privacy breaches, the role of information science experts in promoting information security and privacy standards is becoming increasingly important. This article explored the unique duties and strategies that leaders in information science must employ to improve security and privacy practices in small and emerging businesses. A systematic literature review was conducted to analyse existing research, revealing key patterns and best practices for the leaders’ roles in effectively improving cybersecurity measures. The literature review found that information science leaders have a substantial impact on security and privacy practices in the entrepreneurial sector. These leaders play an important role in educating entrepreneurs about cybersecurity threats, putting in place secure systems and processes, guaranteeing data protection compliance, and establishing a culture of security and privacy in South Africa’s entrepreneurial sector. This article recommends that entrepreneurial information science leaders prioritise ongoing cybersecurity best practices training and education, collaborate with industry experts to stay up to date on emerging threats, and implement robust security measures tailored to the specific needs of small businesses.
Experiences of Child and Youth Care Workers in Managing Challenging Behaviours of Young People in Residential Care in South Africa
Authors: Dewa Sindisiwe , Ghuman Shanaz , Dewan Fathima Bibi
Published: July 2024

Managing the behaviour of young people is one of the critical roles of child and youth care workers working in child and youth care centres. However, these child and youth care workers have been found to be facing numerous challenges in their line of work which make it difficult to effectively provide behavioural interventions to young people in their care. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of child and youth care workers when dealing with challenging behaviours of young people in residential care in eThekwini, South Africa. This study followed an exploratory research design that employed a qualitative research methodology. Three child and youth care centres were selected through purposive sampling from a population of such centres located in the eThekwini region in South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results of thematic analysis indicate that child and youth care workers do experience difficulties in managing children’s challenging behaviour, viz. (1) experiences of working with young people; (2) insufficient supervision and support; (3) conflicts of behavioural intervention strategies; and (4) limited resources to support behavioural change in young people. Understanding these experiences is crucial for developing empowerment programmes (including strategies for countering the challenges) for child and youth care workers, which will ensure that young people receive comprehensive, optimal care. Support could include empowering child and youth care workers with skills and knowledge as well as the essential resources to effectively provide behavioural intervention for the young people in their care.
Reflecting on Responses to Women With Disabilities’ Experiences of Gender-Based Violence in South Africa
Authors: Ngabaza Sisa
Published: July 2024

South Africa is renowned for its most progressive constitution. One that upholds the rights and protection of all its citizens, yet the country is one of the most violent communities for women to live in, and more so if they have a disability. Gender-based violence is a concern, and women in South Africa live in perpetual fear of attack. Gender-based violence advocacy on a global and national scale rarely includes women with disabilities, yet higher numbers of women with disabilities are affected by violence than women and girls without. In this article, I draw on work done with women with disabilities in some South African communities to reflect on how the experiences of women with disabilities who have experienced gender-based violence are made invisible. This reflection problematises this “invisibilisation”, arguing that leaving women with disabilities out of work on gender-based violence, threatens efforts to respond to their experiences of violence.