bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-authorship network of national researchers of Social Sciences in Mexico
Authors: Lámbarry-Vilchis Fernando , Moreno-Jiménez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2020

In Mexico, the most outstanding researchers are distinguished by the National Council of Science and Technology. Although, in the international literature, researcher's co-authorship networks and their impact on efficacy have been studied, in Mexico this type of studies is showing a greater boom, so the objective of this paper is to analyze the structure of the network of co-authorships of the researchers in Social Sciences level 3 of the country. For this purpose, the research method was based on the theory of networks and specifically on topology metrics. One of the conclusions of the research is that the researchers under study publish in a similar proportion individually or collaboratively, configuring a fragmented co-authorship network with a main component with properties that are explained by both the small-world and the free-scale model.
Calidad de servicio y nivel de satisfacción en el hospital José Cayetano Heredia, Perú
Authors: Chuquicusma Tocto Teolinda , Luján Vera Priscila Estelita , Sánchez-Chero Manuel Jesús , Montalban Ramos Yency Miriana , Silva Juárez Raquel , Rosas-Prado Carmen Elvira
Published: October 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer la relación entre la calidad de servicio y la satisfacción de los usuarios del área de Atención al Asegurado del Hospital José Cayetano Heredia –Perú. La metodología se centra en el enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de alcance descriptivo correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 70 usuarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario de 49 items distribuidas en siete dimensiones (tangibilidad, responsabilidad, seguridad, empatía, receptividad, credibilidad y competencia), realizándose el estudio en base al Modelo SERVQUAL. Los resultados encontrados refieren que la calidad de servicio muestra una correlación significativa positiva alta con la satisfacción del usuario en un 0.88, el nivel de calidad de servicio que brinda el área de atención al asegurado es bajo en un 42.9%, el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios del área de atención al asegurado es bajo en un 45.7%. Se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre la calidad de servicio y la satisfacción de atención al usuario.
The Clash of Civilizations in the Syrian Crisis
Authors: Mohammadi Shoayb , Butenko Vladyslav , Ghadbeigi Zohreh , Ahangaran Masoumeh
Published: October 2020

The Syrian crisis may be the beginning of a new conflict of civilizations. Ethnic and religious pluralism is clearly evident in this country: Muslims (Sunnis, Druze, Alawites, Shiites and Ismailis); Christians (Orthodox, Catholics, Maronites, Protestants) and Turkmen and Kurdish ethnic minorities. The Syrian crisis of 2011 seemed to go against the ruling elite (Alawis). With the escalation of the conflict, the country gradually became the scene of a civil war characterized by international dimensions. In this way, the conflict became a multilateral battle in which, on the one hand, the participants in it were the local element in the form of the government of Bashar al-Assad and extremist terrorist groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra, ISIL and Ahrar al-Sham; and on the other hand, the United States and its European allies, Saudi Arabia and some States of the Persian Gulf; and Iran and the axis of resistance, as well as Russia and China. Due to the presence of diverse cultures and religions, it appears that this will make the Syrian crisis a prelude to a renewed clash of civilizations. This research seeks to answer these questions: What are the basic propositions of the theory of the clash of civilizations and how is it represented in the Syrian crisis? Since, according to Samuel Huntington, the main sources of the clash of civilizations are the foundation of civilizations, religious and cultural antecedents, and cultural and religious identities. Consequently, they are expressions of the clash of civilizations: the war on terrorism, the Syrian crisis, the rise of ISIL and the presence of US military and international interventions, the competition of regional and transnational powers.
Implementation of the Third Mission of the Universities: Regional Aspect
Authors: Shumik Ekaterina G. , Baturina Olga A.
Published: October 2020

National economic growth plays an important role in the education rate of society, since there is a strong connection between the success of the country and the level of development of human capital. In this sense, universities, as leaders of higher education, can powerfully affect the socio-economic development of society. In this article, the authors investigated different models of university development with the intention of determining the importance of their association. In addition, the authors evaluated the level and trends of the development of alliances between the universities of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) as a tool for the implementation of their mission. To do this, they analyzed the websites of FEFD universities to reflect data on common activities within social activities. They also did a comparative analysis to compare the characteristics of the universities and evaluate the differences in the implementation of the social function. Finally, the correlation analysis was used to determine the effect of social events, the number of students and the university ranking. Based on these analyzes, it can be concluded that most of the universities are located in three regions: Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, as well as the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which are pioneers in terms of the number of students. While there is a tendency to reduce government involvement in university support, the FEFD increases. In addition, it has been shown that there is a relationship between the position in the ranking of universities in the region and the number of social events. Regarding the structure of university activities in matters of social responsibility, the development of university partnership interactions in the process of implementation of social responsibility has been verified, but the level of formalization of relationships is extremely low.
Formación por competencias profesionales a través de la disciplina integradora de la carrera de turismo y negocios
Authors: Esparza Huamanchumo Rosse Marie , Sánchez Chero Manuel Jesús , Luján Vera Priscila Estelita , Chinchay Villarreyes Susana Soledad , Mogollón Taboada Marlon Martín
Published: October 2020

El turismo es considerado una fuente de desarrollo sostenible para las sociedades; debe orientar a sus profesionales a tener una formación específica basada en competencias, para que a partir de las gestiones que realicen contribuyan en el desarrollo económico, ambiental y social. El objetivo fue proponer un modelo para la formación por competencias profesionales a través de la disciplina integradora de la carrera profesional de Turismo y Negocios de la Universidad Señor de Sipán. La investigación se enmarca dentro de un enfoque propositivo por que se diseñó una propuesta en base a la observación de la problemática manifestada por los egresados de la carrera profesional de Turismo y negocios, a través del análisis documental se sistematizó las investigaciones de diferentes autores sobre este tema. En conclusión, esta investigación ofrece con estos resultados, una posible solución a los problemas que se manifiestan en el proceso de formación, particularmente, de los profesionales de turismo y negocios.
Technology for successful training in vocational education
Authors: Vaganova Olga I. , Kutepov Maxim M. , Chelnokova Elena A. , Harabadjah Meliya N. , Merzlyakova Natalya S.
Published: October 2020

One of the leading directions in the development of vocational education in the context of modern educational paradigm is humanization, focused on students’ personality, taking into account its needs and characteristics in the development of professional competence. Humanization is closely related to the implementation of a personal approach that promotes individualization of educational process, which in turn allows each student to be included in active cognitive activity. The search for means and methods of training students who meet modern requirements has led to the demand for implementation of successful learning technology in vocational education. The technology of successful learning in vocational education contributes to the creation of conditions in which the student's self-expression becomes more comfortable due to experiencing a state of joy and satisfaction from the results achieved. The purpose of the article is to review the experience of implementing technology of successful learning at a pedagogical university. The article reveals the essence of the concept of "technology of successful learning", its features and impact on the training process of students of vocational schools. The study allowed us to establish the impact of implementation of successful learning technology on student motivation. In the process of research, the level of motivation of students to study professional and pedagogical courses was established. The main motives of students are revealed. The study presented several dozen motives, among which, after conducting a statistical analysis, professional, educational, cognitive and prestige motives were highlighted. Comparison of the results at the beginning and end of the study revealed an improvement in indicators, an increase in students' motivation to study courses. The wide possibilities for the implementation of successful learning technology make it possible to form a need for a deeper study of the content, for self-organization and professional self-improvement of students.
Remote education development trends during pandemic in Russia
Authors: Kabanova Elena E. , Vetrova Ekaterina A. , Evstratova Tatiana A. , Radchenko Liudmila E.
Published: October 2020

Currently, the higher education system in Russia is in the midst of rapid changes associated with the fundamental problems of organizing the educational process during a pandemic. The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in 2020 affected the educational system around the world, causing the massive closure of higher education institutions. Among the management practices of Russian universities related to the provision of security for students and staff, key decisions and recommendations based on a large-scale transition to the use of e-learning, distance learning technologies and the transition to a distance learning format, which has changed the usual way of life of university students and teachers. The objective of this research is to evaluate the transition of the educational process to distance education in the context of the pandemic, to identify the factors that hinder the development of learning. The research method is a questionnaire survey on distance learning using distance technologies in higher education. The results indicate that the development of a new model of education in universities can find resistance to external challenges and to a more productive way for economic and social development.
Examination on implications of Web 2.0 Tools in the field of Special Education
Authors: Kanbul Sezer , Soykan Emrah , Erçağ Erinc
Published: October 2020

The objective of this article is to analyze the published studies that bear the title Web 2.0 in the field of special education. For this, the electronic databases IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francies Online, Wiley and the search engine Google Scholar were scanned in order to locate articles titled Web 2.0. Nineteen articles were selected from the 1220 articles found in the field of special education, and they were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Data were collected using the "Article Publication Form" developed by the researchers. The data obtained in the study were interpreted based on percentage and frequency. The results obtained are believed to lead to further studies.
Tiermodelle zur Erforschung von SARS-CoV-2 und COVID-19
Authors: Renn Marcel , Behrendt Rayk
Published: October 2020

Während des letzten Jahres breitete sich das neuartige Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 weltweit rasant aus. In einem Teil der Infizierten verursacht das Virus die COVID-19-Erkrankung, die durch Lungenentzündung und neurologische Symptome gekennzeichnet ist. Bei Risikopatienten kann die Infektion zu tödlichen Komplikationen führen, womit SARS-CoV-2 angesichts der hohen Zahl an Infizierten global als eine sehr ernst zu nehmende Bedrohung für die Gesundheit der Menschen und unsere sozialen Systeme einzuschätzen ist. Die Entwicklung sicherer und wirksamer antiviraler Medikamente gegen SARS-CoV-2 und hilfreicher Therapien für Infizierte erfordert das Studium des Erregers in adäquaten Tiermodellen. SARS-CoV-2 nutzt das Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) als Eintrittsrezeptor. Die Stärke der Bindung von SARS-CoV-2 an das ACE2-Protein entscheidet darüber, wie effizient das Virus eine Spezies infizieren kann, und ob die Infektion Krankheitssymptome auslöst, die das jeweilige Tier als Modellorganismus qualifizieren. Mäuse, als eine der wichtigsten Laborspezies, eignen sich nur nach gentechnischen Veränderungen der Maus oder des Virus als Modell für SARS-CoV-2. Dafür stellen Hamster, Frettchen und Rhesusaffen sehr wichtige Tiermodelle dar, weil diese nach Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 relevante Aspekte von COVID-19 abbilden. Verschiedene Vakzin-Kandidaten wurden z. B. in Rhesusaffen getestet und lieferten vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Zusammenfassend steht der Forschung bereits eine Reihe nützlicher Tiermodelle zur Verfügung, die schon jetzt entscheidende Beiträge zur Entwicklung von Vakzinen gegen SARS-CoV-2 und neuer Therapien für COVID-19 geleistet haben.
Die Rolle des angeborenen Immunsystems bei COVID-19: ein zweischneidiges Schwert
Authors: Hoffmann Georg , Gruber Rudolf , Kolde Hans-Jürgen , Gürtler Lutz G.
Published: October 2020

Die Reaktionen des angeborenen Immunsystems spielen für das Verständnis der COVID-19-Erkrankung eine entscheidende Rolle. Die hochkomplexe Maschinerie aus korpuskulären und löslichen Elementen ist einerseits die erste Abwehrlinie gegen das Virus, kann sich aber bei schweren Verlaufsformen auch gegen den Wirtsorganismus richten. Aufbauend auf diesen Erkenntnissen – insbesondere zur Rolle des Komplementsystems – werden derzeit Erfolg versprechende therapeutische Strategien entwickelt.
REFERENCIAÇÃO E HUMOR NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Dos Santos Leonor Werneck , Andrade Fernanda
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, discutimos como as estratégias de referenciação, em especial as anáforas diretas, colaboram na construção de sentido do humor em crônicas de Luiz Fernando Verissimo. Além de analisar a crônica "Inimigos", mostrando o papel das anáforas diretas, discutimos como essa análise pode ser útil no ensino, principalmente porque textos de Verissimo costumam figurar em diversos livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa.

Palavras-chave: Referenciação. Crônica. Humor. Ensino de Língua.
Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Spiradenocarcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Wagner Katy , Wagner Katy , Jassal Karishma , C Lee James , Ban Ee-Jun , Cameron Rhoda , W Serpell Jonathan
Published: October 2020

Spiradenocarcinoma is a rare skin adnexal neoplasm that may behave aggressively. It is often associated
with a benign slow-growing spiradenoma that has undergone malignant transformation, characterised by
rapid growth and tenderness. They often present as solitary skin nodules and are classified as low-grade or
high-grade tumors. We report a case of a high-grade spiradenocarcinoma in association with a benign
spiradenoma, measuring 3.2 x 3 x 2.8 cm, situated on the chest wall of a 63-year-old male. The lesion had
been enlarging over 20 years but recently became painful, prompting treatment. Preoperative ultrasound
revealed a complex vascular lesion suggestive of a dermoid cyst. Excision of the tumor under general
anaesthesia was performed. Histopathology confirmed a high-grade spiradenocarcinoma cleared of margins
by 1 mm. Wide local excision of the scar, with a 1 cm margin, confirmed no further malignancy. An FDG
PET-CT showed no evidence of distant metastases. The patient recovered well and has had no evidence of
tumor recurrence at the 3-month follow-up. Given the rarity of this neoplasm and the paucity of cases in the
literature, there is a lack of consensus on treatment. In most cases, surgical excision with adequate margins
is the mainstay of treatment, with lymph node dissection reserved for those with suspected or confirmed
lymph node metastases.
Corneal foreign bodies- Management the Ayurvedic way- A Case series
Authors: Nair Aiswarya V
Published: October 2020

Corneal foreign bodies are one of the most common and serious eye trauma cases reaching an ophthalmologist. Traditional medical systems like Ayurveda are imagined to have a very limited and obsolete role in managing acute traumatic presentations like corneal foreign bodies. Four cases of corneal bodies which were treated by ayurvedic medicines and procedures are being reported here as a case series. Each case had a type of foreign body embedded in their cornea and after removal of the foreign body by suitable methods, they were given ayurvedic topical as well as internal medicines and followed up at regular intervals. All cases healed without any complications. This case series shows that ayuveda can be effectively used to manage many corneal injuries and this area need to be explored on a clinical trial route to reach more valid conclusions.
Indigenous wisdom of Ayurvedic drugs to treat Urinary tract infections
Authors: Bhokardankar Prashant S , Rathi Bharat
Published: October 2020

Urinary tract infections (UTI) in all ages are related with high morbidity and long term difficulties. Use of antibiotics is useful in cases of UTI, consequently opposition of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics  is of high clinical concern. According to Ayurveda drugs especially important components which have been utilized for the treatment of various diseases. The review paper highlighted different clinical studies and scientific studies which are useful to prove the adequacy of Ayurveda drugs against urinary tract infections. Ayurvedic  drugs were reviewed in the current paper in the awake of evaluating their well being for the clinical condition like UTI. Ayurvedic medications showed good anti bacterial properties against both gram positive and negative microscopic organisms causing UTI. Other aspects are highlighted  likewise mitigating, diuretic, cell reinforcement, nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic properties helpful in the administration of UTI and all medications are protected even in high dosages subsequently can be adequately utilized for UTI conditions. In this paper an attempt is made to highlight the research work of herbal drugs of Ayurveda which would be effective in the treatment of UTI.
Efficacy of Netraseka in Blepharospasm w.s.r to Kruchronmeelana
Authors: Kalyadapu Sailaja , Madikonda Praveen Kumar , B Johar
Published: October 2020

Blepharospasm is an act of involuntary blinking. In most of the cases, symptoms last for few days then disappear without any intervention. However in few cases, disease becomes chronic with symptoms of persistent blinking and the person will be able to open his eyes only with a great effort which could eventually lead to a functional blindness. Most of the times it is associated with ALO (Apraxia of lid opening). ALO is an inability to initiate voluntary eyelid opening following a period of eyelid closure. Manual lifting of the eyelid often resolves the problem and lid is able to stay open for a while thereafter. Botulinum toxin injections are the treatment of choice for both Blepharospasm and ALO, which is too expensive and at the same time have only a temporary improvement. In Ayurveda such condition is comparable with Kruchronmeelana which is postulated to be resultant of vata vitiation. Netrakalpana is the therapy of choice to treat above conditions. A single case study done at our department has shown significant improvement both in pain, blinking after the patient was subjected to Netraseka. Before Netraseka the same patient was treated with Aksitarpana which was done with triphala ghrita for seven days, but which hasn't produced much difference neither in pain nor in blinking. Netraseka was given with a specific kashaya for a period of 14 days following Tarpana therapy.
Efficacy of Prakriti specific Herbal Tea in Diabetes A Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sehgal Sapna , G Huddar V , Rao Mangalagowri V
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Prakriti has an influential role in diagnosis and management of any disease. Increasing pandemic of diabetes leads to early mortality and decreased quality of life due to severe complications and side effect of contemporary medicines. The present study reveals Prakriti specific combination of herbs in form of tea with antidiabetic effect and no side effects. Materials and methods: 115 patients were enrolled which was randomly distributed in 2 group. Group A was Prakriti specific Herbal tea trial group and Group B was control. Both subjective and objective parameters were assessed. Results:Highly significant results with p value <0.0001 were seen in Polyuria (Prabhutmutrata), Laziness (Alasya), Excess Sleep (Nidraadhikya), Dryness in Mouth(Gala Talu Shosha), Excessive Thirst (Ati Pipasa), with maximum improvement in Polyuria (Prabhutmutrata).Significant results were seen in Burning Sensation in hands and legs (Karpaddaha),Numbness in palm and foot (Karpadasuptata), Cramps (Pindikodweshtana). Highly significant results were seen in Fasting, Postprandial Blood sugar, HbA1c and urine fasting glucose was seen  in Prakriti specific Herbal tea group with p value <0.0001. Maximum improvement were seen in Kapha Prakriti patients with p value < 0.0001 followed by Vata Prakriti patients. Vata and Kapha Herbal Tea found equally effective.Conclusion: Prakriti specific Herbal Tea is a better option of Diabetes Mellitus with high efficacy.
An Epidemological study on Low Back Ache (Kati Shool)
Authors: Sathavane Geeta Vishwanath , Tiwari Madhulika , Pandya Darshana H , Khobragade Pramod , Tomar Samata V
Published: October 2020

The prime causative factors for all the disease is faulty life style and dietetics which is being followed frequently, leads to many diseases. Low back pain is one among them. Low back pain (Katishoola) is most expensive & benign condition in industrialized countries. It is one of the most frequent symptoms encountered by adults. The annual prevalence of LBP is 15-45%. Aims and objective-To evaluate the role of dietetics & life style modern era and working pattern in progression of low back ache. Material and method- Survey work was carried out on working group of Gujarat ayurveda university employees, OPD and IPD patients having low back ache on the basis of specially prepared proforma and questionnaires including present era lifestyle, working pattern and diet pattern. Total 91 patients were surveyed. Maximum numbers of patients were in age between 31-40 yr. The person doing mainly labour and/or clerical work, having shift and night duty, long time sitting on one place with improper posture, excessive walking (>3hr daily), bending posture, Standing type work (>3hr daily), >2hr travelling daily were affected more. Vishamashana, abhishyandi aaharsevan, consuming oily food, stress, irregular bowel habit, disturbed sleep, ratrijagaran, vegdhaarana etc. were observed as nidana. Conclusion- Faulty life style and diet pattern leads to accumulation and provocation of respective dosha and development of various life style related diseases and one of them is low back ache.
Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ashtamangal Ghrita Oral and Nasya in the Management of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Rajput Shabnam , Patni Kalpana
Published: October 2020

Background: Cerebral palsy is one of the most common childhood disabilities, which hinder the development of a child, causing extensive suffering to affected children and their families. According to world health organization about 10% of population have some form of disabilities. Cerebral Palsy can be compared with Vatavyadhi(neurological disorder) manifested in various form like sarvangavata (quadri-plegia), pakshaghata (hemiparesis), ekangavata(monoplegia), pangu and khanja (motor disorder), kampavata,  jadatva (mental retadation), mukatva (dumbness) etc. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Ashtamangal ghrita, in the form of oral medication and as nasya in the management of cerebral palsy. Material and Methods: Total 24 Children with physical and mental developmental disabilities of of age group 01 to 10 years of either sex were randomly divided into two groups, group A received Ashtamangal ghrita (orally) - 1 ml/kg body weight in two divided doses for 3 months and Group B received Pratimarsh Nasya with Ashtamangal ghrita – 2 drops in each nostril 2 times a day for 3 months. Assessments were done on the basis of 5 point grading score of Clinical symptoms of Cerebral Palsy as per standard classification scale for CP, i.e, motor functions were assessed on the basis of CDC Grading Scale for Motor milestones and Teacher’s drooling test. Follow up visit was on every 15th day. Result: Overall effect of therapy shows that there was 34.79% improvement in group A & 37.74% improvement in group B. Results were slightly superior in group B than group A in most of the parameters. Although intergroup comparison of both groups was not-significant or there were no differences in both groups statistically. Group A was slightly superior than group B in following parameters –Head holding, sitting, teacher drooling scale and spasticity. In all the other parameters group B was slightly superior. Conclusion: Clinical efficacy of both Ashtamangal ghrita orally and as nasya on various parameters of Cerebral Palsy showed that both were effective, safe and comparable.
Investigating the Epidemiological Prevalence of Diabetes in Afghanistan from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Ehsani Shokreya , Darabiyan Pouriya , Zarea Kourosh , Ghanbari Saeed , Temori Aseya
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and is one of the top 10 leading causes of death in adults. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan between 2015 and 2019. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using the information of diabetics registered in the system related to the Ministry of Health of Afghanistan from 2015 to 2019. Eventually, people's information, including age, gender, and place of residence, was entered into STATA software version 12 and analyzed using descriptive statistics tests. Results: The study, which was performed on 49,332 people with diabetes in 34 provinces and 8 regions of Afghanistan, found that most of the female studied were 55.2% (27,231) female and had the highest and lowest prevalence in the region. The order is related to South East and South. The average prevalence of diabetes per 10,000 people is about 62.13. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes in Afghanistan over a five-year period in men and women is on the rise, requiring more attention from relevant authorities to improve public health and prevent, control and treat chronic diseases such as diabetes.
Colección Mastozoológica, Museo de Historia Natural UNILLANOS MHNU-M
Authors: Moreno Gabriela , Yantén Angélica , Patiño Quíroz María Fernanda , Ramírez Diana , Hernández Orlando Fabián , Sánchez Francisco
Published: October 2020

La Colección Mastozoológica del Museo de Historia Natural-Unillanos (MHNU-M) alberga en el momento 422 especímenes pertenecientes a ocho órdenes, 16 familias, 46 géneros, y 66 especies. Los especímenes provienen de cinco departamentos de Colombia, principalmente de la región de la Orinoquía. El número de especímenes de la Colección se ha enriquecido con actividades académicas de la Universidad de los Llanos, tesis de pre y posgrado, convenios y proyectos de investigación.
Teachers in Cuban cinema and the resignification an old marginality. For a revision of De cierta manera (Sara Gómez, 1974).
Authors: Planas Justo
Published: October 2020

During the first decades of the Cuban Revolution, different movies described the interest of the new State on education as a means of changing society. Feature films such as Lucía (Humberto Solás, 1868), El brigadista (Octavio Cortázar, 1977) or De cierta manera (Sara Gómez, 1974) had characters whose goal was not only teaching different groups but also converting them to the “revolutionary” ideology. In these films, teachers embodied a model individual, a “new man” representing and speaking on behalf of the Law. These official voices also legitimized an accent, and a lifestyle commonly related to the lettered white Habanero man. Peasants, women, and Afro-descendants comprised the group to be reformed. Their religious, culinary, sexual, and linguistic practices were associated with machismo, burglary, and violence. These movies aimed to instruct the audience as their teachers did in the plot, by offering a “revolutionary” model of behavior opposed to “deviated” ones.
Ionospheric anomalies associated with the Mw 7.3 Iran–Iraq border earthquake and a moderate magnetic storm
Authors: Şentürk Erman , Inyurt Samed , Sertçelik İbrahim
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The analysis of the unexpected ionospheric phases before large
earthquakes is one of the cutting-edge issues in earthquake prediction
studies. In this study, the total electron content (TEC) data from seven
International GNSS Service (IGS) stations and the global ionosphere maps
(GIMs) were used. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and a running
median process were applied to the TEC time series to detect abnormalities
before the Mw 7.3 Iran–Iraq border earthquake on 12 November 2017. The analyses showed positive anomalies 8–9 d before the earthquake and some positive and negative anomalies 1–6 d before the earthquake. These anomalies were cross-checked using the Kp, Dst, F10.7, Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz), electric field (Ey), and plasma speed (VSW) space weather indices. The results showed that the anomalies 1–6 d before the earthquake were caused by a moderate magnetic storm. Moreover, the positive anomalies 8–9 d before the earthquake were likely related to the Iran–Iraq border earthquake due to quiet space weather, local dispersion, and the proximity to the epicenter.
Historical K index data collection of Soviet magnetic observatories,
1957–1992
Authors: Sergeyeva Natalia , Gvishiani Alexei , Soloviev Anatoly , Zabarinskaya Lyudmila , Krylova Tamara , Nisilevich Mikhail , Krasnoperov Roman
Published: October 2020

Abstract. K index is one of the oldest universal indices of geomagnetic activity, introduced in 1938 by Julius Bartels, that is still being widely used. Up to the present day, long-term timeseries of homogeneous K index records have been accumulated at data repositories all over the world. The multidecadal practice of its application makes it an indispensable source of information for retrospective analysis of solar-terrestrial interaction for nearly eight Solar cycles. Most significantly, while studying the historical geomagnetic data, K index datasheets are in certain cases far easier for automated analysis than the conventional analogue magnetograms. The presented collection includes the results of the K index determination at 41 geomagnetic observatories of the former USSR for the period from July 1957 to early 1990s. This unique collection was formed at the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow. The historical data, which are offered to the international scientific community, cover the second half of the 20th century and can be used for retrospective analysis and study of geomagnetic events in the past as well as for data validation or forecasting (Sergeyeva et al., 2020). The dataset is available at: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922233, last access: 16 September 2020.
Streamflow drought: implication of drought definitions and its application for drought forecasting
Authors: Sutanto Samuel J. , Van Lanen Henny A. J.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Streamflow drought forecasting is a key element of contemporary Drought Early Warning Systems (DEWS). The term streamflow drought forecasting, rather than streamflow forecasting, however, has created confusion within the scientific hydro-meteorological community, as well as in operational weather and water management services. The way, how streamflow drought is defined, is the main reason for this misperception. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to provide a comprehensive overview of the differences within streamflow droughts using different identification approaches for European rivers, including an analysis of both historical drought and implications of forecasting of these extreme events. Streamflow data were obtained from a LISFLOOD hydrological model forced with gridded meteorological observed (known as LISFLOOD-Simulation Forced with Observed, SFO). The same model fed with seasonal meteorological forecasts of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts system 5 (ECMWF SEAS 5) was used to obtain the forecasted streamflow. Streamflow droughts were analyzed using the Variable Threshold (VT), Fixed Threshold (FT), and the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI). Our results clearly show that streamflow droughts derived from different approaches deviate from each other both in occurrence and timing, associated with different climate regions across Europe. The occurrence of FT drought is higher than droughts based upon VT and SSI, which highlights the importance of seasonality. FT drought happens earlier in the year than droughts obtained from VT and SSI. The use of aggregating daily streamflow data into monthly time windows for forecasting drought, such as the application of 30-day Moving Average (30DMA), is recommended to identify the VT and FT droughts. This approach will eliminate the undesired minor drought events, which are identified when using non-aggregated daily flow data. There is no unique hydrological drought definition that fits all purposes, hence developers of DEWS and end-users should clearly agree among themselves upon a sharp definition on which type of streamflow drought is required to be forecasted for a specific application.
Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India
Authors: Singh Pushpendra Kumar , Dey Pankaj , Jain Sharad Kumar , Mujumdar Pradeep P.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Hydrologic knowledge in India has a historical footprint extending
over several millenniums through the Harappan civilization (∼3000–1500 BCE) and the Vedic Period (∼1500–500 BCE). As in other ancient civilizations across the world, the need to
manage water propelled the growth of hydrologic science in ancient India.
Most of the ancient hydrologic knowledge, however, has remained hidden and
unfamiliar to the world at large until the recent times. In this paper, we
provide some fascinating glimpses into the hydrological, hydraulic, and
related engineering knowledge that existed in ancient India, as discussed in
contemporary literature and revealed by the recent explorations and
findings. The Vedas, particularly, the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, have many references to the water
cycle and associated processes, including water quality, hydraulic machines,
hydro-structures, and nature-based solutions (NBS) for water management. The
Harappan civilization epitomizes the level of development of water sciences
in ancient India that includes construction of sophisticated hydraulic
structures, wastewater disposal systems based on centralized and
decentralized concepts, and methods for wastewater treatment. The
Mauryan Empire (∼322–185 BCE) is credited as the
first “hydraulic civilization” and is characterized by the construction of dams with spillways, reservoirs, and
channels equipped with spillways (Pynes and Ahars); they also had an understanding of water balance,
development of water pricing systems, measurement of rainfall, and knowledge
of the various hydrological processes. As we investigate deeper into the
references to hydrologic works in ancient Indian literature including the
mythology, many fascinating dimensions of the Indian scientific
contributions emerge. This review presents the various facets of water
management, exploring disciplines such as history, archeology, hydrology and
hydraulic engineering, and culture and covering the geographical area of the
entire Indian subcontinent to the east of the Indus River. The review
covers the period from the Mature Harappan Phase to the Vedic Period
and the Mauryan Empire.
A Water-Energy-Food Nexus approach for conducting trade-off analysis: Morocco's phosphate industry in the Khouribga region
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Assi Amjad T. , Daher Bassel , Mengoub Fatima E. , Mohtar Rabi H.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The study objective was to develop and use the Water-Energy-Food
Nexus Phosphate (WEF-P) Tool to evaluate the impact of Morocco's phosphate
industry on water, energy, and food sectors of Khouribga, which is the representative
phosphate mining region of Morocco. The developed WEF-P Tool enabled a
trade-off analysis based on integrating supply-chain processes,
transportation, and water–energy footprints of the region. Field data from
the mining to transportation processes were collected and applied to
possible supply-chain scenarios in accordance with the type of product
(phosphate rock and slurry). The potential impacts of the scenarios were
considered in terms of the water supply in the agricultural areas. The
analysis of the positive impacts of dynamic management suggests that
seasonal management of phosphate production (less during the irrigated
season, more during wetter or rainier seasons) is more effective. Additionally,
while the transport of raw phosphate slurry through a pipeline increased the
total water required to 34.6×106 m3, which is an increase of
76 % over the “business as usual” (BAU) scenario, it also resulted in an
energy savings of nearly 80 % over BAU: slurry transport requires only
40.5×106 L of fossil fuel instead of the 204×106 L
required to transport rocks. During the dry or “water-scarce” irrigation
season (May to July), total groundwater use decreased from 5.8×106 to 5.2×106 m3. Dynamic management of the phosphate industry
can also save 143 MWh (megawatt-hour) of electricity annually and can bring a reduction of 117 t of CO2 emissions. Making water available at the correct season and
location requires analysis of complex scientific, technical,
socioeconomic, regulatory, and political issues. The WEF-P Tool can
assist by assessing user-created scenarios; thus, it is an effective
management-decision aid for ensuring more sustainable use of limited
resources and increased reliability of water resources for both agricultural
and industrial use. This study on the applications of WEF Nexus to the
phosphate industry offers a roadmap for other industrial application for
which trade-offs between the primary resources must be considered.
Frequency and magnitude variability of Yalu River flooding: numerical analyses for the last 1000 years
Authors: Sheng Hui , Xu Xiaomei , Gao Jian Hua , Kettner Albert J. , Shi Yong , Xue Chengfeng , Wang Ya Ping , Gao Shu
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Accurate determination of past flooding characteristics is necessary to effectively predict the future flood disaster risk and dominant controls. However, understanding the effects of environmental forcing on past flooding frequency and magnitude is difficult owing to the deficiency of observations (data available for less than 10 % of the world's rivers) and extremely short measurement time series (<100 years). In this study, a numerical model, HYDROTREND, which generates synthetic time series of daily water discharge at a river outlet, was applied to the Yalu River to (1) reconstruct annual peak discharges over the past 1000 years and estimate flood annual exceedance probabilities and (2) identify and quantify the impacts of climate change and human activity (runoff yield induced by deforestation and dam retention) on the flooding frequency and magnitude. Climate data obtained from meteorological stations and ECHO-G climate model output, morphological characteristics (hypsometry, drainage area, river length, slope, and lapse rate), and hydrological properties (groundwater properties, canopy interception effects, cascade reservoir retention effect, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) form significant reliable model inputs. Monitored for decades, some proxies on ancient floods allow for accurate calibration and validation of numerical modeling. Simulations match well the present-day monitored data (1958–2012) and the
literature records of historical flood events (1000–1958). They indicate
that flood frequencies of the Yalu River increased during 1000–1940, followed by a decrease until the present day. Frequency trends were strongly
modulated by climate variability, particularly by the intensity and
frequency of rainfall events. The magnitudes of larger floods, events with a
return period of 50 to 100 years, increased by 19.1 % and 13.9 %,
respectively, due to climate variability over the last millennium.
Anthropogenic processes were found to either enhance or reduce flooding,
depending on the type of human activities. Deforestation increased the
magnitude of larger floods (100- and 50-year floods) by 19.2 %–20.3 %, but the construction of cascade reservoirs in 1940 significantly reduced their magnitude by 36.7 % to 41.7 %. We conclude that under intensified
climate change and human activities in the future, effective river
engineering should be considered, particularly for small- and medium-sized
mountainous river systems, which are at a higher risk of flood disasters
owing to their relatively poor hydrological regulation capacity.
Ionic aluminium concentrations exceed thresholds for aquatic health in Nova Scotian rivers, even during conditions of high dissolved organic carbon and low flow
Authors: Sterling Shannon M. , MacLeod Sarah , Rotteveel Lobke , Hart Kristin , Clair Thomas A. , Halfyard Edmund A. , O'Brien Nicole L.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Acid deposition released large amounts of aluminium into
streams and lakes during the last century in northern Europe and eastern
North America. Elevated aluminium concentrations caused major environmental
concern due to aluminium's toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms and led to
the extirpation of wild Atlantic salmon populations. Air pollution reduction
legislation that began in the 1990s in North America and Europe successfully
reduced acid deposition, and the aluminium problem was widely considered
solved. However, accumulating evidence indicates that freshwater systems still show
delays in recovery from acidification, with poorly understood implications
for aluminium concentrations. Here, we investigate spatial and temporal
patterns of labile cationic forms of aluminium (Ali) from 2015 to 2018 in
10 catchments in Nova Scotia, Canada; this region was one of the hardest
hit by acid deposition, although it was not considered to have an aluminium problem
due to its high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations that were expected
to reduce Ali concentrations. Surprisingly, our results show the widespread
and frequent occurrences of Ali concentrations that exceed toxic
thresholds in all sampled rivers despite high DOC concentrations.
Generalized linear mixed model results reveal that DOC, instead of being
inversely related to Ali, is the strongest predictor (positive) of
Ali concentrations, suggesting that the recruitment properties of DOC
in soils outweigh its protective properties in streams. Lastly, we find
that, contrary to the common conceptualization that high Ali levels are
associated with storm flow, high Ali concentrations are found during
base flow. Our results demonstrate that elevated Ali concentrations in
Nova Scotia continue to pose a threat to aquatic organisms, such as the
biologically, economically, and culturally significant Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar).
Development and test of a highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sensor system
Authors: Sood Pramit , Zosel Jens , Mertig Michael , Oelßner Wolfram , Herrmann Olaf , Woratz Michael
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A miniaturized field-applicable sensor system was developed for the measurement of hydrogen (H2) in air in the concentration range 0.2–200 ppmv. The sensor system is based on the application of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte cell (SEC) as a coulometric detector with gas chromatographic (GC) pre-separation. The main system components for injection, chromatographic separation, and the oxygen pumping cell were significantly miniaturized and tested separately to characterize important measurement properties like selectivity, lower limit of detection, repeatability, and signal-to-noise ratio. Measurements were conducted under varying GC parameters and detector operating conditions. While changing the detector temperature influences the hydrogen peak significantly due to diffusion processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface; different oxygen-partial pressures at the measuring electrode have no visible effect. The combination of two packed columns with 1 m length, one filled with a molecular sieve (13X) and the other one with silica gel, enabled highly reproducible and selective H2 measurements with more than 90 % analyte turnover compared to Faraday's law. The resulting insights were used to define appropriate system parameters, construction guidelines, and material properties for the final test prototype.
Near surface structure of Sodankylä area in Finland, obtained by advanced method of passive seismic interferometry
Authors: Afonin Nikita , Kozlovskaya Elena , Heinonen Suvi , Buske Stefan
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Controlled-source seismic exploration surveys are not always possible in nature-protected areas. As an alternative, application of passive seismic techniques in such areas can be proposed. In our study, we show results of passive seismic interferometry application for mapping the uppermost crust in the area of active mineral exploration in Northern Finland. We are utilizing continuous seismic data acquired by Sercel Unite Wireless multichannel recording system along several profiles during XSoDEx (eXperiment of SOdankylä Deep Exploration) project. The objective of the project was to obtain a structural image of the upper crust in the Sodankylä area of Northern Finland in order to achieve a better understanding of the mineral system at depth. The key experiment of the project was a high-resolution seismic reflection experiment, and continuous passive seismic data was acquired in parallel with reflection seismic data acquisition. Due to this, the length of passive data suitable for noise cross-correlation was limited to several hours. In addition, analysis of the passive data demonstrated that dominating sources of ambient noise are non-stationary and have different origin across the XSoDEx study area. As the long data registration period and isotropic azimuthal distribution of noise sources are two major conditions for diffuse wavefield necessary for Empirical Green's Functions (EGFs) extraction, the conventional techniques of passive seismic interferometry was not possible to apply. To find the way to obtain EGFs, we used numerical modelling to investigate the properties of seismic noise originating from sources with different characteristics and propagating inside synthetic heterogeneous Earth models that models real geological conditions in the XSodEx study area. The modelling demonstrated that scattering of ballistic waves on irregular shape heterogeneities, such as massive sulphides or mafic intrusions, could produce diffused wavefield composed mainly of scattered surface waves. This scattered wavefield can be used to retrieve reliable Empirical Green Functions (EGFs) from short-term and non-stationary data, using a special technique called signal-to-noise ratio stacking (SNRS). The EGFs calculated for the XSoDEx profiles were inverted in order to obtain S-wave velocity models down to the depth of 300 meters. The obtained velocity models agree well with geological data and complement the results of reflection seismic data interpretation.