bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Tumor-Platelet Communications in Cancer
Authors: Dudiki Tejasvi , Veleeparambil Manoj , Zhevlakova Irina , Biswas Sudipta , Klein Eric A. , Ford Peter , Podrez Eugene A. , Byzova Tatiana V.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Thrombosis is one of the main complications in cancer patients often leading to mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying platelet hyperactivation are poorly understood.

Methods:

Murine and human platelets were isolated and treated with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from various cancer cell lines. The effects of these cancer-sEVs on platelets were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using various approaches, including the detection of cancer-sEV-specific markers in murine platelets and patient samples, measurement of platelet activation and thrombosis assays. Signaling events induced by cancer-sEVs and leading to platelet activation were identified, and the use of blocking antibodies to prevent thrombosis was demonstrated.

Results:

We demonstrate that platelets very effectively take up sEVs from aggressive cancer cells. The process of uptake is fast, proceeds effectively in circulation in mice, and is mediated by the abundant sEV membrane protein-CD63. The uptake of cancer-sEVs leads to the accumulation of cancer cell-specific RNA in platelets in vitro and in vivo. The human prostate cancer-sEV-specific RNA marker PCA3 is detected in platelets of ~70% of prostate cancer patients. This was markedly reduced after prostatectomy. In vitro studies showed that platelet uptake of cancer-sEVs induces strong platelet activation in a CD63-RPTPα (receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha)-dependent manner. In contrast to physiological agonists ADP and thrombin, cancer-sEVs activate platelets via a noncanonical mechanism. Intravital studies demonstrated accelerated thrombosis both in murine tumor models and in mice that received intravenous injections of cancer-sEVs. The prothrombotic effects of cancer-sEVs were rescued by blocking CD63.

Conclusions:

Tumors communicate with platelets by means of sEVs, which deliver cancer markers and activate platelets in a CD63-dependent manner leading to thrombosis. This emphasizes the diagnostic and prognostic value of platelet-associated cancer markers and identifies new pathways for intervention.
The Evolution of Corporate Law in the Arab World: The Everlasting Grip of the State
Authors: Alzumai Fahad , Al Hayyan Abdullah
Published: May 2023

This article explores the evolution of corporate laws in major Arab economies with emphasis on the role of state in these laws. The article argues that the dominance of the state in these laws is reflected in the absence of substantial number of default rules. These laws are overwhelmed with mandatory rules that are undermining the freedom of parties in companies to structure and manage their companies effectively. The policy background that led to the current Arab corporate laws is also analysed in this paper as the paternalistic nature of Arab states has shaped the policies that led to the current corporate laws in the Arab world. The interventionist nature of political and economic systems in the Arab world is also reflected in their corporate laws. The article argues for the need to reform current corporate laws in the Arab world and liberate these laws from their paternalistic nature and move forward with more enabling rules and empowering freedom of contract to become the governing philosophy of these laws.
A Common Law Approach to the Parties’ Intention in Arbitration Agreements
Authors: Bantekas Ilias
Published: May 2023

Offer and acceptance must be supplemented by the parties’ common intention, failing which there is no contract. Arbitration clauses are separable from the contract in which they are contained and hence constitute distinct contracts, albeit of a procedural nature. Even so, the courts typically conflate the parties’ common intention as expressed or implied in the main contract with the common intention required in the arbitration clause. Although technically incorrect, courts in the common law tradition are generally content with this approach and do not question its rationale. The article argues that while such an approach is acceptable, there may well be cases where a party can validly argue that this conflated common intention was misplaced.
Notes on the distribution and typification of Saxifraga bergenioides (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: KUMAR RAHUL , KUMAR VIKAS
Published: May 2023

N/A
Anthracoidea obtusatae (Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginales), a new smut fungus on Carex obtusata (Cyperaceae) from Central Asia
Authors: DENCHEV TEODOR T. , DENCHEV CVETOMIR M. , BEGEROW DOMINIK , KEMLER MARTIN
Published: May 2023

Anthracoidea species are highly host-specific smut fungi. Their host range is restricted to a single sedge species or sedge species belonging to the same or closely related sections. The species on Carex obtusata was referred to as Anthracoidea caryophylleae. However, the hosts of A. caryophylleae were reduced to carices in Carex sect. Mitratae, in its traditional circumscription. In the most recently proposed classification of Carex, C. obtusata has been placed within the Capitata Clade of C. subgen. Euthyceras. In order to clarify the taxonomic status of the Anthracoidea species on C. obtusata, we conducted a molecular study of specimens on C. obtusata and C. caryophyllea, using LSU rDNA sequences. It was found that the Anthracoidea species on C. obtusata is distinct from A. caryophylleae. A new species, Anthracoidea obtusatae on C. obtusata, is described and illustrated from Russia, based on a specimen from the Altay Mts. Its phylogenetic placement and affinities in Anthracoidea are analyzed. Anthracoidea obtusatae is distributed in Central Asia—the Northern Tian Shan Range (Zailiysky Alatau Range and Ketmen Ridge) and the Russian and Mongolian Altay Mts. A morphological examination of a specimen of Anthracoidea on C. obtusata from Canada found that its spore morphology did not match that of A. obtusatae. Additional collections and molecular study are required to clarify the taxonomic status of the North American Anthracoidea species on C. obtusata.
Dyckia magnifica, a new species of Bromeliaceae (Pitcairnioideae) from Southern Brazil, and the re-establishment of D. tomentosa, of the D. selloa complex
Authors: BÜNEKER HENRIQUE MALLMANN , PASTORI TAMARA , SCHWAMBACH DE ALMEIDA PEDRO , DE ARAUJO MARIATH JORGE ERNESTO
Published: May 2023

We propose the re-establishment of Dyckia tomentosa, after rediscovering its populations, the synonymization of Dyckia polyclada, and Dyckia magnifica as a new species from southern Brazil that is morphologically related to D. tomentosa. Descriptions of external morphology, leaf anatomy and pollen morphology, and comments on species distributions and habitats are provided. The informal species complex in which D. magnifica and D. tomentosa are placed is morphologically re-circumscribed and proposed here as the “Dyckia selloa complex”.
Gomphonema rajaguruii sp. nov., a new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) species from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: YOGESHWARAN MURUGESAN , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , KARTHICK BALASUBRAMANIAN
Published: May 2023

A new freshwater diatom species, Gomphonema rajaguruii sp. nov., is described from a wet wall at Mahabaleshwar, Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. The new species is described based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Features that distinguish this new species from morphologically-similar species such as G. kallarense and G. lujanense include valve shape, which is broad at the centre and narrower near the poles, a distinctly lateral, undulate raphe system and costa-like striae, which are comprised of two rows of slit-like areolae. Although G. rajaguruii also resembles some taxa from the genus Gomphoneis, such as G. eriense and its close allies, it differs from them by lacking an axial plate. The description of G. rajaguruii sp. nov. increases the knowledge on the diatom diversity in the region.
Elucidating taxonomic status of Goodyera medogensis (Orchidaceae) based on morpho-molecular data
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE AVISHEK , TSERING JAMBEY , LAYOLA M.R. RANJITH , BANU FARHEEN , KUMAR ANANT
Published: May 2023

Goodyera medogensis H.Z. Tian, Y.H. Tong & B.M. Wang, a recently described species of ‘Jewel orchid’ from China is reduced as a variety under Goodyera alveolata Pradhan. The morphological differences between G. medogensis and G. alveolata are not enough to treat G. medogensis as a distinct species, but as a variety. Molecular phylogenetic results based on one nuclear (ITS) and two plastid markers (matK and trnL-F) also showed close affinity between these two taxa.
Notes on the rare Cretaceous species Syndetocystis uralensis Strelnikova leading to the description of a new monotypic genus Monoportula P.A.Sims et D.M.Williams nov. gen.
Authors: WILLIAMS DAVID M. , SIMS PAT A. , WITKOWSKI JAKUB
Published: May 2023

Syndetocystis uralensis, an Upper Cretaceous species from the ‘Tyumen Oblast, Ust’-Man’ya, N. Sos’va River’, first described by Strelnikova, is described in detail using light and electron microscopy. Its unique morphology precludes its inclusion in either Syndetocystis or Rutilaria as the projection extending from the external surface of the valve is not a periplekton. Although some suggestions are made as to its more appropriate place, for the moment it is best placed in the monotypic genus Monoportula uralensis and as incertae sedis. Some speculations on its higher-level relationships are considered.
Phylogenetic classification and palm-inflorescence anthophily of the Colocasiomyia zeylanica species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of five new species
Authors: ZHANG GUANG , GAO JIAN-JUN , TAKANO KOHEI TAKENAKA , YAFUSO MASAKO , SUWITO AWIT , MELENG PAULUS AK , TODA MASANORI J.
Published: May 2023

The zeylanica group is one of the six species groups of the anthophilic genus Colocasiomyia de Meijere in the family Drosophilidae. In addition to two known species, five morphospecies have been recognized as members of this species group but left undescribed formally. In this study, species delimitation of these putatively new species was determined by barcoding of the mitochondrial COI (cytochrome c oxydase subunit I) gene and morphological comparison. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Colocasiomyia were inferred by a cladistic analysis of 89 morphological characters. Based on the results of these analyses, we redefined the zeylanica species group and established two subgroups within it: the zeylanica subgroup comprised of C. zeylanica, C. nepalensis, C. pinangae sp. nov., C. besaris sp. nov. and C. luciphila sp. nov., and the oligochaeta subgroup of C. oligochaeta sp. nov. and C. grimaldii sp. nov. In addition, we briefly address the anthophilic habits of drosophilid flies using palm (Arecaceae) inflorescences, especially of the zeylanica group, compiling scattered collection records from the Oriental and Papuan regions.
First record of Diastatidae (Diptera: Ephydroidea) from Brazil, with the description of a new species
Authors: COSTA SÁVIO CUNHA , PIRANI GABRIELA , MATHIS WAYNE N.
Published: May 2023

The ephydroid family Diastatidae is recorded for the first time from Brazil. A new species, Diastata fachini Costa, Pirani & Mathis, sp. nov. which was collected from the Atlantic Forest, is described. The description is based on an adult male and female and includes photographs and detailed illustrations.
New genera and new species of remarkably large-sized or uniquely-shaped mirine plant bugs from Taiwan (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae)
Authors: YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE , YAMADA KAZUTAKA , TSAI JING-FU
Published: May 2023

New taxa are proposed and described for several large-sized or uniquely-shaped mirine plant bugs from Taiwan or the northeastern Oriental Region. Two new genera, Rhopalimiris n. gen. and Taiwanocapsus n. gen. are described to accommodate three new species, Rhopalimiris amplissimus n. sp., R. gagai n. sp. and Taiwanocapsus luteocordatus n. sp., which are diagnosed and described. In addition, new species of Eocalocoris Miyamoto & Yasunaga and Eurystylus Stål, namely Eo. gotohi n. sp. and Eu. yixuanae n. sp., are also described. An updated checklist of the Taiwanese Mirini is also provided.
Checklist of the tribe Enarmoniini Diakonoff, 1953 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of Taiwan, with description of one new species
Authors: SUN YINGHUI , LI HOUHUN
Published: May 2023

Eleven genera and thirteen species of the tortricid tribe Enarmoniini documented from Taiwan are listed. One species, Semnostola tristrigma sp. nov., is described as new to science. Two species, Ancylis unculana (Haworth, [1811]) and Neoanathamna pallens Kawabe, 1980 along with their genera, are newly recorded for Taiwan. Images of the adults and genitalia are provided for the new species.
Trial by Fire: Support for Mitigation and Adaptation Policy after the 2020 Oregon Wildfires
Authors: Giordono Leanne , Siddiqi Muhammad Usman Amin , Stelmach Greg , Zanocco Chad , Flora June , Boudet Hilary
Published: May 2023

The September 2020 Oregon wildfires were unprecedented in terms of their geographic scope and the number of communities affected by smoke and wildfire. Although it is difficult to directly attribute the event to climate change, scientists have noted the strong connection between warmer and drier conditions in the western United States—conditions that are linked to climate change—and increasing wildfire risk. These wildfires thus had the potential to act as a “focusing event,” potentially strengthening public support for climate change policy. Political ideology is a well-known driver of public support for climate change mitigation policies in the United States, but few studies have examined adaptation policy support. Moreover, other factors shaping postevent support for the two “pillars” of climate change policy—adaptation and mitigation—have rarely been compared. We conducted a survey of Oregonians within 6 months of the 2020 wildfires (n = 1308) to understand postevent support for climate mitigation and adaptation policies. We found that the magnitude of the association between political ideology and policy support was lower for adaptation policies than for mitigation policies, and there was no association with support for forest management changes. In contrast, selected sociodemographic characteristics played a more important role in support for selected adaptation policies than for mitigation policies.

Significance Statement

Increasing wildfire risk in the western United States is connected to warmer and drier conditions, both of which are linked to climate change. Most research on postevent support for climate change policy has focused on climate change mitigation policies. This study examines and compares public support for both mitigation and adaptation policies after the 2020 Oregon wildfires, yielding important information about the factors that shape support for each.
COVID-Induced Alterations in Surgical Care and Outcomes in Perforated Diverticulitis
Authors: Grimsley Emily A. , Janjua Haroon M. , Read Meagan D. , Kuo Paul C.
Published: May 2023

Background

COVID-19 caused healthcare systems to significantly alter processes of care. Literature on the pandemic’s effect on healthcare processes and resulting surgical outcomes is lacking. This study aims to determine outcomes of open colectomy in patients with perforated diverticulitis during the pandemic.

Methods

Using CDC data, the highest and lowest COVID mortality rates were calculated and used to establish 9-month COVID-heavy (CH) and COVID-light (CL) timeframes, respectively. Nine-months of 2019 were assigned as pre-COVID (PC) control. Florida AHCA database was utilized for patient-level data. Primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS), morbidity, and in-hospital mortality. Stepwise regression with 10-fold cross-validation determined factors most impacting outcomes. A parallel analysis excluding COVID-positive patients was performed to differentiate COVID-infection from processes of care.

Results

There were 3862 patients in total. COVID-positive patients had longer LOS, more intensive care unit admissions, and higher morbidity and mortality. After excluding 105 COVID-positive patients, individual outcomes were not different per timeframe. Regression showed timeframe did not affect primary outcomes.

Discussion

Outcomes following colectomy for perforated diverticulitis were worse for COVID-positive patients. Despite increased stress on the healthcare system during the pandemic, major outcomes were unchanged for COVID-negative patients. Our results indicate that despite COVID-associated changes in processes of care, acute care surgery can still be performed in COVID-negative patients without increased mortality and minimal change in morbidity.
Overprotective parenting and social anxiety in adolescents: The role of emotion regulation
Authors: Mathijs Louise , Mouton Bénédicte , Zimmermann Grégoire , Van Petegem Stijn
Published: May 2023

The present study sought to examine the underlying mechanisms through which overprotective parenting relates to social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Specifically, we tested whether the adolescents’ emotion regulation strategies of dysregulation, suppression, and integration, played an intervening role in the association between perceived maternal and paternal overprotection and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. A sample of 278 Swiss adolescents filled out questionnaires assessing perceived overprotective parenting, social anxiety symptoms and emotion regulation. Results indicated that perceived overprotective parenting was significantly associated with adolescents’ social anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, structural equation modeling analyses indicated that emotional dysregulation, in particular, intervenes in the association between both maternal and paternal overprotection and social anxiety. These findings highlight emotion regulation difficulties as a potential mechanism underlying the association between parental overprotection and social anxiety, suggesting that adolescents’ maladaptive emotion regulation strategies as well as overprotecting parenting could be targeted when treating social anxiety symptoms.
Optimizing the tip position of a peripherally inserted central venous catheter under a multidisciplinary team approach in a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia: a case report
Authors: Zhu Xiaoju , He Juan , Fu Ming , Liu Chunhua , Peng Na
Published: May 2023

Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) are widely used in cardiology because they are convenient, effective, and safe. However, PICC implantation in patients with mirror-image dextrocardia who have thoracic tumors has not yet been reported. In this case report, we describe a 46-year-old patient with lung cancer who had a thoracic inclination and left pulmonary artery compression of the superior vena cava. PICC implantation under B-ultrasound guidance was planned. Because of the anatomical differences caused by mirror-image dextrocardia, we investigated the optimal position and measurement method for the tip of the PICC according to the compression site of the vascular lumen through a multidisciplinary team approach. Electrocardiography-assisted tip positioning combined with postoperative chest X-ray positioning was performed for accurate positioning.
Uniportal versus triportal video-assisted thoracic surgery in the treatment of tuberculous empyema
Authors: Xia Zhaohua , Zheng Shuo , Shi Qinlang , Wang Haijiang , Ning Xinzhong , Huang Pilai , Wen Guohuan , Xiang Ning , Liao Mingfeng , Ma Mingfei , Qiao Kun
Published: May 2023

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of decortication to treat chronic tuberculous empyema (TE) using uniport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) versus conventional triport VATS.

Methods

Data from consecutive patients with stage II or III TE who underwent decortication with either uniport VATS (uniportal group) between July and December 2017, or triport VATS between January and July 2018 (triportal group), were retrospectively analysed. VATS procedures were performed under general anaesthesia with double lumen endotracheal intubation and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

Clinical data were comparable between the groups (20 patients in each) regarding demographic and baseline characteristics, operative and postoperative characteristics, surgical procedure-related complications, and postoperative adverse events. No surgical procedure-related complications occurred during the perioperative period in either group. Threshold values for mechanical pain at 8 h postoperatively were significantly higher in the triportal group versus the uniportal group. Furthermore, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the uniportal versus triportal group. In the triportal group, one patient required readmission and further intervention due to recurrence.

Conclusions

Uniport VATS decortication for stages II and III TE may be a feasible and safe procedure in selected patients. Moreover, uniport VATS may be less painful than triport VATS.
Biocultural psychopathology as a new epistemology for mental disorders
Authors: Maximino Caio
Published: May 2023

Psychopathology has been criticized for decades for its reliance on a brain-centred and over-reductionist approach which views mental disorders as disease-like natural kinds. While criticisms of brain-centred psychopathologies abound, these criticisms sometimes ignore important advances in the neurosciences which view the brain as embodied, embedded, extended and enactive, and as fundamentally plastic. A new onto-epistemology for mental disorders is proposed, focusing on a biocultural model, in which human brains are understood as embodied and embedded in ecosocial niches, and with which individuals enact particular transactions characterized by circular causality. In this approach, neurobiological bases are inseparable from interpersonal and socio-cultural factors. This approach leads to methodological changes in how mental disorders are studied and dealt with.
International Research Experiences and Global Competency Development for Graduate Students in Engineering and Science
Authors: Verbyla Matthew E. , Vernaza-Hernandez Vanessa , Feldman Allan
Published: May 2023

Challenges from globalization, population growth, and climate change require science, technology, and engineering (STEM) professionals to have global competency. However, the impact of international experiences on STEM students’ development of these abilities has not been well studied. We assessed the effects of international research experiences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and Europe on the development of global competency for STEM graduate students from the United States. Research placements in LAC were generally field-based, involving interactions with community members, while placements in Europe were mostly lab-based. Surveys and interviews with participants before and after their trips revealed increases in intercultural abilities for students from all groups. Students who traveled to LAC had higher intercultural abilities before the trip but experienced smaller gains than their counterparts who traveled to Europe. Despite the value in community-based activities for students outside of university settings, more effort is needed to eliminate students’ barriers to understanding communication styles in their host communities.
Innovation in accounting historiography: Where to from here?
Authors: Cordery Carolyn , Gomes Delfina , Leoni Giulia , McBride Karen , Napier Christopher
Published: May 2023

The world is facing difficult, uncertain and challenging times, which have consequences for accounting practice, education and research. This new and uncertain environment may lead us to conclude that accounting research should focus on the present and develop answers to be implemented in the future. Does this mean that accounting history must be put aside for the moment? We start from the position that accounting history continues to matter and that accounting history researchers have developed their perspectives and methodological and theoretical approaches considerably since the early 1990s in terms of diverse fields and topics of research. This article aims to explore how accounting history research can expand by seeking innovation in theories, sources, methodologies and writing. It demonstrates that accounting history is not static and researchers can contribute to its further recognition and dissemination. Through the innovative study of the past, researchers may continue to contribute to new and informed ways for the world to be managed and governed.
How General is General Strain Theory? An Inquiry of Workplace Deviance in Iran
Authors: Kabiri Saeed , Donner Christopher M. , Maddahi Javad , Shadmanfaat Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) , Hardyns Wim
Published: May 2023

Occupational deviance is one of the most rampant and alarming phenomena in the workplace. It can have negative effects on the individual employee, the organization, the profession, and the larger society. Therefore, it is important to better understand the etiology of such behavior in the hopes of providing solutions to reduce it. One such theory that may provide a conceptual framework to help understand workplace deviance is Agnew's general strain theory. As such, the main goal of this research was to examine the predictive utility of general strain theory in explaining workplace deviance. Using a sample of 336 private bankers in Iran, the findings suggest that the important theoretical concepts of workplace strain, subjective strain, negative emotion, and deviant motivation all predicted workplace misconduct. Consistent with the theory, additional results demonstrated important mediated relationships, such that strain was indirectly related to workplace deviance through negative emotions and deviant motivation. Specific results, policy implications, and study limitations are discussed.
Negotiating between gender, national and professional identities: The work-experience of Israeli-Palestinian women journalists
Authors: Lachover Einat
Published: May 2023

This paper analyzes the work experience of Israeli-Palestinian women journalists who reside and work in Israel for local news organizations or non-Israeli news agencies. It focuses on their experiences related to the intersected axes of their gender, ethnic, and national identities. Through thematic analysis of narrative interviews with 24 Palestinian women journalists, the study reveals that their work experiences vary between exclusion and inclusion among different news organizations. Israeli-Palestinian women journalists face barriers getting jobs at mainstream news agencies because of their accent; and when they apply to local Arab news organizations, they confront recruiting procedures based on a clan system that discriminates against women. However, a few of them report an advantage when trying to enter mainstream news organizations based on their image as an “authentic Arab woman.” Additionally, the study finds that the professional identity of all interviewees is closely connected to their ideological perceptions and political aims.
Exercise for rotator cuff tendinopathy: Proposed mechanisms of recovery
Authors: Vila-Dieguez Oscar , Heindel Matthew D. , Awokuse Daniel , Kulig Kornelia , Michener Lori A.
Published: May 2023

Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is a common recurrent cause of shoulder pain, and resistance exercise is the first-line recommended intervention. Proposed causal mechanisms of resistance exercise for patients with RC tendinopathy consist of four domains: tendon structure, neuromuscular factors, pain and sensorimotor processing, and psychosocial factors. Tendon structure plays a role in RC tendinopathy, with decreased stiffness, increased thickness, and collagen disorganization. Neuromuscular performance deficits of altered kinematics, muscle activation, and force are present in RC tendinopathy, but advanced methods of assessing muscle performance are needed to fully assess these factors. Psychological factors of depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, treatment expectations, and self-efficacy are present and predict patient-reported outcomes. Central nervous system dysfunctions also exist, specifically altered pain and sensorimotor processing. Resisted exercise may normalize these factors, but limited evidence exists to explain the relationship of the four proposed domains to trajectory of recovery and defining persistent deficits limiting outcomes. Clinicians and researchers can use this model to understand how exercise mediates change in patient outcomes, develop subgroups to deliver patient-specific approach for treatment and define metrics to track recovery over time. Supporting evidence is limited, indicating the need for future studies characterizing mechanisms of recovery with exercise for RC tendinopathy.
Arthroscopic Posterior Capsulolabral Repair With Suture-First Versus Anchor-First Technique in Patients With Posterior Shoulder Instability (Type B2): Clinical Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Karpinski Katrin , Akgün Doruk , Gebauer Henry , Festbaum Christian , Lacheta Lucca , Thiele Kathi , Moroder Philipp
Published: May 2023

Background:

Isolated soft tissue injuries of the posterior capsulolabral complex can be addressed arthroscopically, with various anchor systems available for repair.

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical and patient-reported outcomes after arthroscopic capsulolabral repair in patients with posterior shoulder instability (PSI) and to compare differences in outcomes between patients treated with a suture-first technique (PushLock anchor) and an anchor-first technique (FiberTak all-suture anchor).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were 32 patients with dynamic structural PSI (type B2 according to the ABC classification) treated with an arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair. After a mean follow-up time of 4.8 ± 3.4 years (range, 2-11) patients were evaluated clinically, and standardized outcome scores were obtained for the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Rowe, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC), patient satisfaction (0-5 [best]), and pain on a visual analog scale (VAS; 0-10 [worst]).

Results:

The overall satisfaction level with the outcome of the surgery was 4.6 ± 0.5 (range, 4-5). No patient suffered from instability events. The mean VAS level for pain was 0.4 ± 0.9 (range, 0-4) at rest and 1.9 ± 2.0 (range, 0-6) during motion. The mean SSV was 80 ± 17 (range, 30-100), the mean postoperative WOSI score 75% ± 19% (range, 18-98), the mean Rowe score 78 ± 20 (range, 10-100), and the mean KJOC score was 81 ± 18 (range, 40-100) for the entire cohort. There was no significant difference between the techniques with regard to range of motion, strength, or clinical outcome scores.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair was a satisfactory method to treat structural PSI type B2 with regard to stability, pain relief, and functional restoration. The majority of patients had good outcomes. No differences in outcomes were observed between the anchor-first and suture-first techniques.
Hepatic niche leads to aggressive natural killer cell leukemia proliferation through transferrin-transferrin receptor 1 axis
Authors: Kameda Kazuaki , Yanagiya Ryo , Miyatake Yuji , Carreras Joaquim , Higuchi Hiroshi , Murayama Hiromichi , Ishida Takashi , Ito Asahi , Iida Shinsuke , Fukuhara Noriko , Harigae Hideo , Fujioka Yuki , Takahashi Naoto , Wada Hidenori , Ishida Fumihiro , Nakazawa Hideyuki , Ishihara Rei , Murakami Yuki , Tagawa Hiroyuki , Matsuura Tadashi , Nakagawa So , Iwabuchi Sadahiro , Hashimoto Shinichi , Imadome Ken-Ichi , Nakamura Naoya , Ishizawa Kenichi , Kanda Yoshinobu , Ando Kiyoshi , Kotani Ai
Published: May 2023

Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus, with a disastrously poor prognosis. Owing to the lack of samples from patients with ANKL and relevant murine models, comprehensive investigation of its pathogenesis including the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been hindered. Here we established three ANKL-patient-derived xenograft mice (PDXs), which enabled extensive analysis of tumor cells and their TME. ANKL cells primarily engrafted and proliferated in the hepatic sinusoid. Hepatic ANKL cells were characterized by an enriched Myc-pathway and proliferated faster than those in other organs. Interactome analyses and in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 analyses revealed transferrin (Tf)-transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) axis as a potential molecular interaction between the liver and ANKL. ANKL cells were rather vulnerable to iron deprivation. PPMX-T003, a humanized anti-TfR1 monoclonal antibody, showed remarkable therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical setting using ANKL-PDXs. These findings indicate that the liver, a non-canonical hematopoietic organ in adults, serves as a principal niche for ANKL, and that inhibition of the Tf-TfR1 axis is a promising therapeutic strategy for ANKL.
Microbe-Responsive Proteomes During Plant–Microbe Interactions Between Rice Genotypes and the Multifunctional Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20
Authors: Walitang Denver I. , Roy Choudhury Aritra , Subramanian Parthiban , Lee Yi , Choi Geon , Cho Kun , Yun Sung Ho , Jamal Aysha Rizwana , Woo Sun-Hee , Sa Tongmin
Published: May 2023

Background

Rice is colonized by plant growth promoting bacteria such as Methylobacterium leading to mutually beneficial plant–microbe interactions. As modulators of the rice developmental process, Methylobacterium influences seed germination, growth, health, and development. However, little is known about the complex molecular responsive mechanisms modulating microbe-driven rice development. The application of proteomics to rice-microbe interactions helps us elucidate dynamic proteomic responses mediating this association.

Results

In this study, a total of 3908 proteins were detected across all treatments of which the non-inoculated IR29 and FL478 share up to 88% similar proteins. However, intrinsic differences appear in IR29 and FL478 as evident in the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and their associated gene ontology terms (GO). Successful colonization of M. oryzae CBMB20 in rice resulted to dynamic shifts in proteomes of both IR29 and FL478. The GO terms of DAPs for biological process in IR29 shifts in abundance from response to stimulus, cellular amino acid metabolic process, regulation of biological process and translation to cofactor metabolic process (6.31%), translation (5.41%) and photosynthesis (5.41%). FL478 showed a different shift from translation-related to response to stimulus (9%) and organic acid metabolic acid (8%). Both rice genotypes also showed a diversification of GO terms due to the inoculation of M. oryzae CBMB20. Specific proteins such as peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase (A2WJU9), thiamine thiazole synthase (A2YM28), and alanine—tRNA ligase (B8B4H5) upregulated in IR29 and FL478 indicate key mechanisms of M. oryzae CBMB20 mediated plant growth promotion in rice.

Conclusions

Interaction of Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 to rice results in a dynamic, similar, and plant genotype-specific proteomic changes supporting associated growth and development. The multifaceted CBMB20 expands the gene ontology terms and increases the abundance of proteins associated with photosynthesis, diverse metabolic processes, protein synthesis and cell differentiation and fate potentially attributed to the growth and development of the host plant. The specific proteins and their functional relevance help us understand how CBMB20 mediate growth and development in their host under normal conditions and potentially link subsequent responses when the host plants are exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Non-small cell lung cancer targeted nanoparticles with reduced side effects fabricated by flash nanoprecipitation
Authors: Wang Mingwei , Huang Haiyan , Zhong Zilong , Chen Xinyue , Fang Yuan , Chen Shenxin , Qi Zhiyao , Yang Danrong , Wang Junyou , Bian Wei
Published: May 2023

Background

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been highlighted for the therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), due to their capability of efficiently blocking signal pathway of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which causes the inhibition and apoptosis of NSCLC cells. However, EGFR-TKIs have poor aqueous solubility and severe side effects arising from the difficulty in control of biodistribution. In this study, folate-functionalized nanoparticles (FA-NPs) are designed and fabricated to load EGFR-TKI through flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) strategy, which could enhance the tumor-targeting drug delivery and reduced drug accumulation and side effects to normal tissues.

Results

Herein, the EGFR-TKI loaded FA-NPs are constructed by FNP, with FA decorated dextran-b-polylactide as polymeric stabilizer and gefitinib as TKI. The fast mixing and co-precipitation in FNP provide FA-NPs with well-defined particle size, narrow size distribution and high drug loading content. The FA-NPs exhibit efficient uptake and cytotoxicity in HCC827 NSCLC cells, and reduced uptake and cytotoxicity in normal cells comparing with free gefitinib. In vivo evaluation of gefitinib-loaded FA-NPs confirms the selective drug delivery and accumulation, leading to enhanced inhibition on NSCLC tumor and simultaneously diminished side effects to normal tissues.

Conclusion

The facile design of FA-NPs by FNP and their achieved performance in vitro and in vivo evaluations offer new therapeutic opportunities for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Graphical Abstract
Semi-supervised learning improves regulatory sequence prediction with unlabeled sequences
Authors: Mourad Raphaël
Published: May 2023

Motivation

Genome-wide association studies have systematically identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with complex genetic diseases. However, the majority of those SNPs were found in non-coding genomic regions, preventing the understanding of the underlying causal mechanism. Predicting molecular processes based on the DNA sequence represents a promising approach to understand the role of those non-coding SNPs. Over the past years, deep learning was successfully applied to regulatory sequence prediction using supervised learning. Supervised learning required DNA sequences associated with functional data for training, whose amount is strongly limited by the finite size of the human genome. Conversely, the amount of mammalian DNA sequences is exponentially increasing due to ongoing large sequencing projects, but without functional data in most cases.

Results

To alleviate the limitations of supervised learning, we propose a paradigm shift with semi-supervised learning, which does not only exploit labeled sequences (e.g. human genome with ChIP-seq experiment), but also unlabeled sequences available in much larger amounts (e.g. from other species without ChIP-seq experiment, such as chimpanzee). Our approach is flexible and can be plugged into any neural architecture including shallow and deep networks, and shows strong predictive performance improvements compared to supervised learning in most cases (up to $$70\%$$

70
%

).

Availability and implementation

https://forgemia.inra.fr/raphael.mourad/deepgnn.
Evolution and epidemic success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in eastern China: evidence from a prospective study
Authors: Zhou Zonglei , Yi Huaiming , Zhou Qingrong , Wang Luqi , Zhu Yue , Wang Weibing , Liu Zhengwe , Xiong Haiyan
Published: May 2023

Background

Lineage distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates is strongly associated with geographically distinct human populations, and its transmission can be further impacted by the bacterial genome. However, the epidemic success of Mtb isolates at an individual level was unknown in eastern China. Knowledge regarding the emergence and transmission of Mtb isolates as well as relevant factors may offer a new solution to curb the spread of the disease. Thus, this study aims to reveal the evolution and epidemic success of Mtb isolates in eastern China.

Results

Of initial 1040 isolates, 997 were retained after removing duplicates and those with insufficient sequencing depth. Of the final samples, 733 (73.52%) were from Zhejiang Province, and 264 (26.48%) were from Shanghai City. Lineage 2 and lineage 4 accounted for 80.44% and 19.56%, with common ancestors dating around 7017 years ago and 6882 years ago, respectively. Sub-lineage L2.2 (80.34%) contributed the majority of total isolates, followed by L4.4 (8.93%) and L4.5 (8.43%). Additionally, 51 (5.12%) isolates were identified to be multidrug-resistant (MDR), of which 21 (29.17%) were pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR). One clade harboring katG S315T mutation may date back to 65 years ago and subsequently acquired mutations conferring resistance to another five antibiotic drugs. The prevalence of compensatory mutation was the highest in pre-XDR isolates (76.19%), followed by MDR isolates (47.06%) and other drug-resistant isolates (20.60%). Time-scaled haplotypic density analyses suggested comparable success indices between lineage 2 and lineage 4 (P = 0.306), and drug resistance did not significantly promote the transmission of Mtb isolates (P = 0.340). But for pre-XDR isolates, we found a higher success index in those with compensatory mutations (P = 0.025). Mutations under positive selection were found in genes associated with resistance to second-line injectables (whiB6) and drug tolerance (prpR) in both lineage 2 and lineage 4.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the population expansion of lineage 2 and lineage 4 in eastern China, with comparable transmission capacity, while accumulation of resistance mutations does not necessarily facilitate the success of Mtb isolates. Compensatory mutations usually accompany drug resistance and significantly contribute to the epidemiological transmission of pre-XDR strains. Prospective molecular surveillance is required to further monitor the emergence and spread of pre-XDR/XDR strains in eastern China.
Aphid adaptation to cucurbits: sugars, cucurbitacin and phloem structure in resistant and susceptible melons
Authors: Sadon Pierre , Corre Marie-Noëlle , Lugan Raphael , Boissot Nathalie
Published: May 2023

Background

Aphis gossypii, a strictly phloemophagaous aphid, colonize hundreds of plant families, and a group of clones formed a cucurbit-specialised host-race. Cucurbits are unique in having evolved a specific extra-fascicular phloem (EFP), which carries defence-related metabolites such as cucurbitacin, whereas the fascicular phloem (FP) is common to all higher plants and carries primary metabolites, such as raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFOs). Both cucurbitacins (in the EFP) and galactinol (in the FP) have been suggested to be toxic to aphids. We investigated these hypotheses in cucurbit-specialized A. gossypii fed on melon plants with or without aphid-resistance conferred by the NLR gene Vat. We selected a plant-aphid system with (i) Vat-mediated resistance not triggered, (ii) Vat-mediated resistance triggered by an aphid clone adapted to the presence of Vat resistant alleles and (iii) Vat-mediated resistance triggered by a non-adapted aphid clone.

Results

We quantified cucurbitacin B, its glycosylated derivative, and sugars, in melon plants and aphids that fed on. The level of cucurbitacin in plants was unrelated to both aphid infestation and aphid resistance. Galactinol was present at higher quantities in plants when Vat-mediated resistance was triggered, but its presence did not correlate with aphid performance. Finally, we showed that cucurbit-specialized A. gossypii fed from the FP but could also occasionally access the EFP without sustainably feeding from it. However, the clone not adapted to Vat-mediated resistance were less able to access the FP when the Vat resistance was triggered.

Conclusion

We concluded that galactinol accumulation in resistant plants does not affect aphids, but may play a role in aphid adaptation to fasting and that Cucurbitacin in planta is not a real threat to Aphis gossypii. Moreover, the specific phloem of Cucurbits is involved neither in A. gossypii cucurbit specialisation nor in adaptation to Vat-dependent resistance.
Study of the influence of meteorological factors on HFMD and prediction based on the LSTM algorithm in Fuzhou, China
Authors: Zhu Hansong , Chen Si , Liang Rui , Feng Yulin , Joldosh Aynur , Xie Zhonghang , Chen Guangmin , Li Lingfang , Chen Kaizhi , Fang Yuanyuan , Ou Jianming
Published: May 2023

Background

This study adopted complete meteorological indicators, including eight items, to explore their impact on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Fuzhou, and predict the incidence of HFMD through the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network algorithm of artificial intelligence.

Method

A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to analyse the influence of meteorological factors on HFMD in Fuzhou from 2010 to 2021. Then, the numbers of HFMD cases in 2019, 2020 and 2021 were predicted using the LSTM model through multifactor single-step and multistep rolling methods. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model predictions.

Results

Overall, the effect of daily precipitation on HFMD was not significant. Low (4 hPa) and high (≥ 21 hPa) daily air pressure difference (PRSD) and low (< 7 °C) and high (> 12 °C) daily air temperature difference (TEMD) were risk factors for HFMD. The RMSE, MAE, MAPE and SMAPE of using the weekly multifactor data to predict the cases of HFMD on the following day, from 2019 to 2021, were lower than those of using the daily multifactor data to predict the cases of HFMD on the following day. In particular, the RMSE, MAE, MAPE and SMAPE of using weekly multifactor data to predict the following week's daily average cases of HFMD were much lower, and similar results were also found in urban and rural areas, which indicating that this approach was more accurate.

Conclusion

This study’s LSTM models combined with meteorological factors (excluding PRE) can be used to accurately predict HFMD in Fuzhou, especially the method of predicting the daily average cases of HFMD in the following week using weekly multifactor data.