bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O índio brasileiro na perspectiva de Luiz Beltrão
Authors: Hohlfeldt Antonio
Published: October 2021

O artigo busca contextualizar o momento profissional em que Luiz Beltrão está trabalhando na Fundação nacional do Índio e o contexto sócio-político brasileiro. Beltrão, enquanto assessor da FUNAI, traz a experiência profissional de jornalista e de professor de jornalismo para buscar entender o que o brasileiro pensa a respeito do índio. Após o levantamento de amplo material de jornais, resolve escrever um livro a respeito. Na obra, ele mostra a percepção artificial e equivocada que a opinião pública nacional tem a respeito do habitante primeiro do país e indica, num evidente tom de denúncia, a violência institucional que a comunidade indígena sofre no país. Concluo que, infelizmente, o livro está mais atual do que nunca, no contexto brasileiro, com o novo governo federal. Jornalismo; Relações públicas; Índio brasileiro; Política indigenista; Pesquisa em jornalismo.
Cultura material: Objetificação e subjetificação Kyiktêjê
Authors: Cardoso Wladirson Ronny da Silva , Assumpção Douglas Junio Fernandes
Published: October 2021

Este artigo trata da cultura material Kyikatêjê, a partir dos aportes teórico-metodológicos da Arqueologia Pública, da Antropologia Interpretativa e da Antropologia Perspectivista, considerando os processos de objetificação e subjetificação que marcam as autopercepções e autorrepresentações históricas do “povo-líder-dono-da-cabeceira-do-rio-Tocantins” enquanto um coletivo humano ameríndio, habitante da Reserva Indígena Mãe Maria (RIMM), localizada no KM 25 da BR-222, no município de Bom Jesus do Tocantins, no sudeste do estado do Pará, na Amazônia brasileira. Os processos de objetificação e subjetificação implicados na cultura material Kyikatêjê encontram-se traduzidos em práticas, valores, saberes, mitos, ritos e fazeres que se traduzem numa corporeidade que se revela em uma territorialidade social perceptível no ser/estar Kyikatêjê. Cultura material; Objetificação/subjetificação; Kyijatêjê.
Arte popular e culturas híbridas: As reconversões culturais na cerâmica figurativa
Authors: De Mélo e Silva José Carlos , Tauk Santos Maria Salett
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o processo de hibridação cultural na cerâmica figurativa do Alto do Moura em Caruaru, Pernambuco. Especificamente, o que se quer compreender são as reconversões culturais que os ceramistas descendentes da família de Zé Caboclo procederam ao longo de três gerações, reconvertendo os códigos da sua cultura, enquanto cultura popular, nos códigos da cultura massiva, traduzidos na estética do barro. O estudo se apoiou na utilização da história oral e de técnicas combinadas de coleta de dados, como diário de campo, entrevista semi-estruturada e observação sistemática com uso da fotografia como registro. No decorrer do trabalho observou-se que há uma reconversão de códigos do passado, da memória, que geralmente pairam em torno do rural ou do folclórico, em objetos de consumo que têm um valor identitário e estético por parte do consumidor/colecionador. As reconversões observadas nas peças são de caráter identitário, ou seja, reconstruir ou reler o passado para se inserir ou permanecer no mercado, são o que garante as vendas e o status de artista popular aos mais antigos no métier. Culturas populares; Hibridização; Reconversão cultural; Cerâmica figurativa.
Descolonizar o conhecimento: Entrevista com André Luis Queiróz
Authors: Petuba Rosangela Maria Silva , Marques Mariza Boscacci , Woitowicz Karina Janz , Laverdi Robson
Published: October 2021

A entrevista com o escritor e diretor André Luis Queiróz, professor Dr. da Universidade Federal Fluminense, foi realizada em maio de 2018 em Ponta Grossa/PR, por ocasião da pré-estreia do filme Araguaya, Presente!, exibido pelo projeto de extensão Tela Alternativa da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. O professor propõe uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de descolonização do conhecimento e aborda o desafio de realizar produções independentes e repensar o papel da Universidade em tempos de crise. Descolonização; Produções independentes; Audiovisual.
Effect of Radio Frequency Low Pressure Cold Plasma on Total Phenol, Antioxidant Activity and Colour Degradation Kinetics of Red Chilli Pepper Powder
Authors: Sasireka Rajendran  , George Amponsah Annor  , Kumar Mallikarjunan  , Ganapathy Shunmugam
Published: October 2021

The study was aimed to analyse the effect of low pressure cold plasma treatment [operated at 60.8 kPa on the quality parameters of red chilli pepper powder (RCPP)]. The experiments were conducted at two radio frequency power levels (60 W, 120 W) over a time range from 0 to 10 min. Total phenols, antioxidant activity, colour, and moisture content were determined. Results showed that radio frequency operating power and treatment time had significant negative effects (p < 0.05) on the quality parameters analysed. Cold plasma treatment reduced the redness, total phenol content, moisture content, and increased the antioxidant activity of the RCPP. Changes in the quality of the treated samples, especially the colour degradation were significant after 4 min of treatment. Degradation kinetics was determined for parameters studied to ascertain their order of reaction during cold plasma treatment. The order of reaction was decided from best fit models with the highest R2, minimum bias, and error sum of squares. Total phenol followed a zero-order, whereas antioxidant activity and colour followed first-order reactions. The study explored the possibilities and impact of using cold plasma for powdered food materials.
CLINICAL OUTCOME OF THORACOTOMY, ANTERIOR SPINAL DECOMPRESSION AND FIXATION WITH SCREWS AND RODS FOR DORSAL SPINE TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: BAKHT ZAR KHAN  , MUHAMMAD ISHFAQ  , NAEEM UL HAQ  , MUMTAZ ALI  , RAMZAN HUSSAIN  , MUHAMMAD SIDDIQ
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: The posterolateral or transpedicular approach has been used extensively for themanagement of spinal TB. This approach is a viable and importantly a safe surgical option for ventraldecompression in thoracic spine TB when followed by anti tuberculosis treatment for 18 months andimmobilization in an alkathene shell for 3 months.OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical outcome of thoracotomy, anterior spinal decompression andfixation with screws and rods for dorsal spine TB.MATERIAL AND METHODES: This observational prospective study was conducted inNeurosurgery Department Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from Mar 2013 to March 2014. All patientsadmitted with dorsal spine tuberculosis and undergone thoracotomy, anterior spinal decompression andfixation with screws & rods were included in the study while those having unstable dorsal spine due tothe metabolic, neoplastic, traumatic pathologies & stable dorsal spine tuberculosis cases were excluded.Patients’ age, sex, addresses, level of dorsal spine tuberculosis, pre operative signs & symptoms, per &post op complications and post op variations in clinical status were recorded on a designed proforma.Minimum 6 months follow up was done. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17 and expressed in theform of tables and charts.RESULTS: Total 24 patients were included in this study in which males and females were equal innumber. The age range was from 15 to 50 years and mean age was 31.5 ±3.8 years. Backward & hillyareas patients 15(62.5%) were on the top. D7,8,9 levels had highest frequency of involvement 45.83%(11) . Lower limbs weakness was present in all cases (100%) followed by back ache in 23 (95.8 %)while power >3/5,3/5 were noted in 22(75.4 %) followed by gibus formation in 29.3 % cases. Postoperative improvement in pain and power was 100%, 62.5 % while complications occurred in 4 (16.7%) cases having no mortalityCONCLUSIONS: Incidence of dorsal spine tuberculosis is more in backward hilly areas of KPKeffecting lower part of dorsal spine and great improvement in power of lower limbs & pain occurs afterthoracotomy, decompression, bone grafting with cage placement and fixation with screws and rods withacceptable mortality and morbidityKEY WORDS: Dorsal spine tuberculosis, Thoracotomy, Anterior spinal decompression & stabilizationwith screws and rods, clinical outcome.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING INFECTION CONTROL AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL OF SAIDU TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: MUHAMMAD ISHAQ  , QARIBULLAH  , EJAZ AHMAD KHAN  , MUJEEB UR REHMAN
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) is infection which patients get during theirtreatment, and later time of stay in the hospitals. There are almost 1.4 million patients who suffer fromthis condition every day. The World Bank (WB) reports the infectious disease burden around 20.4%. Tominimize the risk of infections during the hospital stay, it imperative that infection control practices arewell in place and being practiced by the healthcare professionals.OBJECTIVE: The current study is designed to assess Knowledge and Practices (KP) of the health careprofessionals regarding infection control in Saidu Teaching Hospital (STH).MATERIAL & METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Saidu Group of TeachingHospital (SGTH), Swat, Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa (KP) during the months of October to December 2013.Randomly selected sample size of 198 Health care workers, 80 medical doctors, 100 nurses, and 18laboratory technicians/paramedical staff. Purpose-built, adopted and pre-tested questionnaireadministered to study population. Frequencies, percentages and scored for the Knowledge and Practice(KP) variables calculated. Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare average scores of theKnowledge and practices (KP).RESULT: A total of 198 subjects participated in the current study among those 40% were doctors, 50%nurses and 10% were paramedical staff. Less than 50% scores were considered having poor knowledgewhile 50-75% were good and >75% were considered having excellent knowledge. A total of 21 itemsregarding Knowledge were asked. Most (85%) of the doctors reported excellent knowledge. About half(52%) of nurses reported excellent knowledge and more than (38%) of paramedical staff remainedexcellent in knowledge. When cross-tabbed, overall doctors obtained 86.6% score for knowledge whilenurses got 76.2% scores and 73.2% score remained for paramedical staff. All the three groupsstatistically differed from one another for knowledge part (p=0.006, F=5.610).Regarding therespondents’ practices, when compared for mean scores, doctors were found to be having betterpractices than the other two groups (p=0.033, F=3.814).COCLUSION: Doctors in Saidu Teaching Hospital (STH) have better knowledge and practices thanother healthcare cadres for infection control measures.KEY WORDS: Infection control, health care professionals, Saidu Teaching Hospital, Swat.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: AZIZ AHMAD
Published: October 2021

There is a general feeling that Medical education in Pakistan has deteriorated gradually in the last few decades. In fact Medical education in Pakistan has undergone little changes since long and is based on traditional curriculum and methodology. This is one important segment that is being discussed anddebated quite often but except in a few limited institutions of Pakistan, overall no major change has taken place. Undoubtedly doctors from Pakistan are serving all over the world and enjoy good reputation of being better professionals and hardworking as compared to other nationals. In majority of such cases this is all attributable to the personnel efforts of individual and not to the institute.
PATTERN OF MENARCHE IN ADOLESCENT POPULATION OF DISTRICT NOWSHEHRA, KHYBER PUKHTOONKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: ZAHOOR AHMED  , ASIA HABIB  , ATTAULLAH KHAN  , MOHAMMAD SHOAIB KHAN  , MUDASIR AHMAD KHAN  , SM NAEEM
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Variations in menstrual pattern of females may affect their physical, psychologicaland social well-being. Present work was planned to study pattern of menstruation in young adult femalesof District Nowshehra, Khyber PukhtoonKhwa, Pakistan.OBJECTIVE: to see the pattern of menstruation in young adults of District Nowshehra, and to assesfactors to minimize the possible complications.PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is a descriptive study of school going female students, with agegroup of 12 to 16 years. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used for the collection ofinformation.RESULTS: Out of 500 female students screened, 47% students had menarche at the age of 12 years,36% at the age of 13 years and 17% at the age of 14 years respectively. Mean age at menarche was 13years. 7 % of the girls had duration of menstrual cycle less than 21 days, while this duration wasbetween 21-25 days for 38%, 26-30 days for 40% and was 31-35 days for 15% respectively.CONCLUSION: Menstrual abnormalities needs to be addressed as early as possible in order tominimize the unto wards consequences. Adolescents should be encouraged to chart their menstrualfrequency and regularity. In case of detection of any abnormality it should be referred to thegynecologist for management.KEYWORDS: Puberty, Menarche, Premenstrual syndrome, Dysmenorrhea.
FREQUENCY OF ESOPHAGEAL CANDIDIASIS IN NON HIV DYSPHAGIC PATIENTS ON UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY
Authors: NOWSHERWAN  , S.M ATHAR  , M.AMJAD  , YASIN  , IBRAR
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: There is growing incidence of Candida esophagitis due to the increasing numbers ofimmune compromised patients, intensive chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, high dose oraland inhaled corticosteroids, potent antibiotic therapy, alcoholism and chronic illness such as diabetesmellitus and liver cirrhosis all have contributed to this increase. The diagnosis is made based on physicalexamination. Grams stain of the smear (hyphae) may further add in the diagnosis. Endoscopic diagnosisis based on characteristic lesions. This study was carried out to assess the status of esophagealcandidiasis in non HIV infected patients attending a teaching hospital.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of esophageal candidiasis in non HIV patients presentingwith dysphagia and to assess the underlying risk factors.MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a retrospective observational study, carried out at Lady ReadingHospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from September 2008 to November 2010. All the patients presenting withdysphagia underwent upper GI endoscopic examination during 2008 to 2010. The cases thoroughlyreviewed regarding their history examination and findings of the endoscopy. Patients with HIV / AIDSwere excluded. Results were compiled and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 200 cases were included. Male to female ratio was 2.1 : 1 . Mean age was 52.9 ±14.6. The main indications were dysphagia/odynophagia. Esophageal candidiasis was found in 28patients, out of which, 20 were male and 08 were female. The underlying risk factors were also assessed.The major risk factors were steroid therapy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, carcinoma esophagus andstomach, broad spectrum antibiotic and chronic liver diseases.CONCLUSION: Dysphagia is a significant presenting feature of Candida esophagitis Anti-fungaltreatment for 2 to 3 weeks is recommended on empirical basis in high risk patients for esophagealcandidiasis. If no improvement, then upper GI endoscopy is recommended.KEY WORDS: Esophageal candidiasis, Non-HIV, dysphagia.
FREQUENCY OF BILATERAL TUBAL OBSTRUCTION AND COMMON FACTORS LEADING TO IT AMONG WOMEN PRSESENTING WITH SECONDARY INFERTILITY
Authors: NAZIA LIAQAT  , NAHEED AKHTAR  , SAIRA SHAGUFTA  , SALMA LIAQAT  , SYEDA SITWAT FATIMA
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Infertility is not uncommon in our female population as we live in a geographicalarea where the population growth rates are amongst the highest in the world. A variety of cultural normsand values force couples to enhance family. So a sensitive and dedicated efforts need to be made to lookinto the causes of secondary infertility and their treatment.OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of bilateral tubal obstruction and common factors leadingto it among women presenting with secondary infertility.METHODOLOGY: It was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted at thedepartment of obstetrics & gynecology Postgraduate medical institute LRH Peshawar from 8th August2011 to 8th July 2013. Data was collected by non probability consecutive sampling technique. A total of260 patients were enrolled in study. In patients presenting with secondary infertilityhysterosalphingography was performed, in those with bilateral tubal obstruction detailed history wastaken to detect, the history of instrumentation to genital tract, lower abdominal surgery or history ofPID. Laparoscopy was done in all patients with bilateral tube obstruction to confirm the diagnosis anddetermine causes.RESULTS: In this study mean age was 30 with standard deviation of ±2.12. Bilateral tubal obstructionwas found in 73(28%) of the cases, out of which history of pelvic inflammatory disease was presentin15 (21%) followed by history of instrumentation of genital tract in 11(15%) of cases. Positive historyof lower abdominal surgery was present in 4(5%) and 3(4%) patients had fibroids.CONCLUSION: Tubal pathology is one of the main causes of female infertility. A great caution isrequired in pelvic operative techniques to prevent infection and tubal damage.KEY WORDS: secondary infertility, bilateral tubal obstruction, pelvic inflammatory disease.
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF HDL-C LEVEL IN DIABETIC AND NONDIABETIC STROKE SUBJECTS
Authors: SAHIBZADA SAEED JAN  , AMIN JAN  , JAN.I.ALAM  , TAJ MUHAMMAD KHAN
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a well recognized risk factor for acute stroke, resulting in agreater ischemic to hemorrhagic stroke ratio in the people with diabetes compared with the generalpopulation. Diabetes also doubles the risk of stroke recurrence and has a poor outcome (or having poorprognosis for survival) as compared to non-diabetic patients, warranting strong and comprehensivepreventive efforts, The aim of this study was to evaluate the High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol(HDL-C) level in the adult diabetic and non-diabetic stroke patients coming to Medical Unit of SaiduTeaching Hospital, Swat.MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study, comprised of 100 subjects,50 were diabetic and 50 were non -diabetic stroke patients of ages between 40 to 90 years. The studysubjects underwent a detailed history and examination. Individuals with a history of medications knownto affects body composition, patients on anti-coagulants and having a history of blood dyscrasias likeleukemia’s, thalasemia, polycythemia, endocrinopathies and patients having clotting disorders, extraduraland intradural hemorrhage as a cause of stroke were excluded from the study. Fasting as well as randomblood sample were drawn from the participants for biochemical assays. The serum HDL-C level, bloodsugar (random and fasting), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) of Diabetic stroke subjects werecompared with Non-diabetic stroke subjects.RESULTS: The HDL-C level was significantly low in our study in diabetic as compared to nondiabetic stroke subjects.CONCLUSION: The low HDL-C level along with poor metabolic control is an important risk factorfor chronic complications of diabetes mellitus like microvascular and macrovascular disease likeunstable angina, myocardial infarction and stroke. Therefore there is intense need of early screening andinterventions, to prevent macrovascular complications especially stroke in high risk diabetic patients.KEY WORDS: Diabetes mellitus, High-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C), Blood pressure,Stroke.
TO DETERMINE THE FREQUENCY OF FETAL COMPLICATIONS IN PRETERM LABOR
Authors: MAIMOONA QADIR  , SOHAIL AMIR  , AMIKA KUMARI
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and animportant public health concern. Keeping in view the complications involved, preterm babies are asource of financial, psychological and physical burden on their families.OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of fetal complications in preterm labor.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive (cross sectional) study was conducted atDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from August 2015 toJanuary 2016.Sample size was 147,using 10.7% proportion of birth asphyxia,95% confidence intervaland 5% margin of error, under WHO software for sample size calculation.RESULTS: In this study mean maternal age was 30years with standard deviation + 1.63.Frequency oflow birth weight was analyzed as 113(77%),birth asphyxia was found in 34(23%) patients, hypothermiawas found in 90(61%) and hypoglycemia in 71(48%) patients.CONCLUSION: All the four parameters (Birth weight, hypothermia ,hypoglycemia, birth asphyxia)were found to be significantly effected by the gestational age at which the baby was born.The lower thegestational age,the worst is the outcome and vice versa.KEY WORDS: Preterm labor, fetal complications, birth asphyxia .hypothermia .hypoglycemia.
ENHANCING THE SKILLS OF EMPLOYEE TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY AND GROWTH OF BUSINESS ENTERPRISE: A CASE STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BHARAT PUMPS AND COMPRESSOR LIMITED (BPCL) ALLAHABAD INDIA
Authors: Shastri Rajesh Kumar , Srivastava Shilpi
Published: October 2021

Managing successful business enterprise requires human resource skills. Human resource capital is soul of the organization; it is the term which is used to describe the formal system and used as a tool to maximize the productivity and effectiveness of the organization as well as describes the workforce capacity. The mission of employees working in the organization is to acquire, develop and retain talent; and be an excellent contributor to the business enterprises. The field of enterprise development is focused on improving the effectiveness of enterprise as well as the skills of the employees. Enterprises have become increasingly dependent on technical and professional skills of the employees. The increasing number of “technical” position has resulted in changing organizational goal and organizational restructuring; these changes include the need for more cognitive skills as well as greater interpersonal skills. For any organization to perpetuate itself, through growth, there is a basic need for developing its manpower resources. Training helps in the development of skills and also updates the knowledge of the employee. Especially in the rapidly changing society, employee training and development is not only an employee developing activity but also a source to utilize the resources of an organization efficiently, so that it can maintain a viable, knowledgeable workforce and achieve sustainability and growth of the enterprise. Workers’ productivity depends on their skills which help in attaining the growth. It is the magic elixir for the enterprise to sustain in changing environment, especially for ageing advanced economies. A case of Bharat Pump and Compressors Ltd is being used in this paper to explain that skills of employees helps in achieving the milestones of success, perpetual growth and sustainability with the objective to maximize their profits and minimize their risks. In the first section of the paper the necessity of HR skills for achieving sustainability and growth, and objectives of the study will be discussed. The second section will give details of the BPCL that how it involves the approaches for Total Quality Management (TQM) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in order to achieve and sustain a reputation for Quality at a Competitive Cost, in National & International Markets for their products and services through collective involvement of all. And in the last section findings and conclusion will be discussed on the basis of SWOT analysis of the company.
THE ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN NIGERIA: PERCEPTION STUDY ON THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA
Authors: Daud Mustafa , Yussof Ibrahim Mohd , Abideen Adewale
Published: October 2021

Central bank (CB) in any economy is regarded as the Apex bank and the Principal stakeholder in the financial system. This is in view of the role it plays in the control, regulation and supervision of the financial institutions in the economy. Hence, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is no exception to this unique characteristics and functions. Meanwhile, the emergence of Islamic banking in various Muslim countries has continued to raise the fundamental issue of what role the CB should play in the affairs of Islamic Banks (IBs). Therefore, this study is an attempt to empirically examine the perceptions of Nigerian Muslim Youths in Malaysia on the perceived role expected of the CBN in the establishment and operation of IBs in Nigeria. This study focused on the perceptions of students in three Malaysian universities i.e. Kolej Universiti Insaniah (KUIN), Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) and International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The sample of the study was made up of 100 questionnaires of which 85 percent were returned and usable. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS version 18.0 and One-Sample and Independent-Samples t-Tests were utilized for analyses. The finding revealed that the role of the CBN in the establishment and operation of IBs in Nigeria is of no significance. This finding is however classified as Type II error because it contradicts the known theoretical and empirical evidences in the area of central banking in the world. Other findings hold that the CBN should seriously promote adequate research in IBs, the legal framework of IBs should be further strengthened and that the CBN should collaborate with the Judiciary for the establishment of Shari’ah courts to adjudicate cases on IBs.
EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF COST SHARING POLICY ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN KENYA NATIONAL POLYTECHNICS
Authors: Amuka Lorna M. , Olel Maureen A. , Gravenir Frederick .Q.
Published: October 2021

Strengthening equitable gender access to and success in science and technology courses is an essential pre-requisite for Kenya’s economy. The country’s potential for development in agriculture, health and industry is going to depend on a cadre of scientists and technologists from the polytechnics for their services. This study focused on the challenges of access into Kenya national polytechnics. The findings indicate that fewer female students than male students accessed science and technology courses and that the common factor which affected their access was lack of sufficient funds for training. Despite the disparity in access, they were at parity in performance.
STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT BETWEEN INFORMATION SYSTEM AND BUSINESS STRATEGY AS PERFORMANCE FACTORS; A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: J. A. Ali Basel
Published: October 2021

The subject of information system (IS) strategic alignment is being widely researched; those factors affecting its placement have not been adequately addressed. How information system technology can help improve firm performance is an important research issue in information systems research and a point of concern for top management. This paper intends to review existing literature, analyses the arguments on the issues of the alignment of Information system (IS) with business strategy in order to enhance business or organizational performance. Various approaches and models to achieve this alignment have been postulated and factors affecting alignment of IS where all reviewed to establish a common ground and differences across the journal papers analyzed. This was achieved through a systematic review beginning with literature search on multiple keywords which includes Management information system, strategic alignment, business or organization strategy and performance, paper selection criteria was then used to select appropriate papers. About 47 papers spread across 26 journals where used in the analysis. Resulted are summarized with the aid of simple descriptive statistics. The findings will provide a clear direction on the strategic importance of management information system as a tool for modern business design and expansion. This will benefit both academics and practice as a model for sustainable business development.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING THE FACTORS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED TO THE TAX COMPLIANCE
Authors: Bandara K.G Asela Gamini , Weerasooriya W.M.R.B.
Published: October 2021

This review paper aims at suggesting a new model instead of relying on the conceptual frameworks which were based on the previous empirical examinations however when developing this new model, the researcher considered the tax information, taxpayers' attitudes and tax compliance costs as independent variables as suggested by the other scholars. The willingness of the taxpayers to pay taxes considers as a moderating variable because it influences the relationships between each of the independent variables with the dependent variable. On the other hand, new researchers have more opportunities to practice this proposed model as a foundation when they decide to carry out new research in the same field in the future. Therefore, the proposed model will set a new direction for future research that will help future researchers to understand the significance of the various concepts. It will apply to any particular taxpayers' group in Sri Lanka as well as globally and also future researchers can be able to justify to what extent this new model will be applicable when they decide to carry out similar research in the future.
ANTIBIOTICS IN THE HANDS OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS: A PROSPECTIVE AVENUE FOR COMMUNITY BASED ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE
Authors: Isabel N. A. , Joshua O. I. , Efe A. E.
Published: October 2021

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is high on the agenda of global health organizations with an increasing interest in community-based AMS initiatives, as this is where the majority of antibiotic use occurs. This study sought to evaluate the practice of community pharmacists toward antibiotic use and the likely need for AMS. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among registered community pharmacists in Benin City, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. All study participants were duly informed on study objectives and informed consent was sought. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Of the 101 pharmacists who participated in the study, 92 (91.1%) dispensed antibiotics without prescription. The most prescribed antibiotic is Ciprofloxacin 59(58.42%), followed by Amoxicillin 42 (41.58%) and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 41 (40.59%). Ninety-six (95%) of the pharmacists use antibiotics agents as an adjunct in Typhoid fever treatment, and 78(77.2%) of them use it as an adjunct in Malaria treatment. Cost 32 (31.68%) is the most common reason for dispensing antibiotics without laboratory investigation and physician’s consultation. Most (93.1%) pharmacists agree that they need training on antimicrobial stewardship practice. The antibiotic prescription pattern among community pharmacists was high, the possibility of antibiotic misuse in the hands of community pharmacists without appropriate guidelines cannot be overlooked. This emphasizes the need for the inclusion of community pharmacies in antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Implementation of human rights in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chebykina N. R. , Lyamina K. A.
Published: October 2021

The subject of the article is the legal basis of human rights and freedoms, including their restriction as one of the aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the research is to confirm or confute the hypothesis that the restriction of human rights in particular the right to life, the right to health and freedom of movement in Russia during COVID-19 pandemic is legally justified.

The methodology of research includes the formal legal interpretation of legal acts as well as the comparative analysis of Russian and foreign legal literature. The authors analyze and interpret international law, including international treaties and the law of foreign states as well as law of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The main results. Restrictive measures of main human rights may lead to the violation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, and can also create conditions for abuse of authority while applying the rules governing the emergency situations. International human rights law allows the suspension of certain rights in an emergency that threatens the life of the nation. This can only be done in cases where the emergency has been officially declared, the adoption of emergency measures is caused by an urgent need in the current situation, does not contradict other obligations under international law, is limited in time and does not lead to discrimination. The provisions of the Russian Constitution provide criteria, which observance is mandatory when introducing restrictions on human and civil rights and freedoms. However, no state of emergency was introduced in the Russian Federation. The state has adopted the self-isolation regime that does not have sufficient legal regulation. It has created legal uncertainty. The legal basis of measures to restrict freedom of movement is questionable. It seems these measures go beyond the high-alert regime and require the adoption of regulations that meet the requirements of legislation in the field of emergency situations. The realization of the right to health requires a solution to the problem of coordinating the needs of other patients and patients with COVID-19.

Conclusions. Based on the analysis of international law, the law of foreign states and lawmaking activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation in the context of the spread of coronavirus, the authors conclude that the created legal framework for regulating the current situation is characterized by inconsistency, lack of «transparency» and radicality. Unfortunately, the pandemic has shown that regulation in sphere of emergencies, as well as health care, was not fully prepared for active spread of coronovirus. It is necessary to ensure that all emergency measures, including the imposition of a state of emergency, are lawful, proportionate, necessary and non-discriminatory, with a specific purpose and duration.
Social dialogue in Russia: constitutionalization and expanding the legal content of the concept
Authors: Chucha S. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The subject of research is the concept of social dialogue in labor and relations directly related to them that was enshrined by Russian Constitution for the first time in Russian history in 2020.

The purpose of article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the constitutionalization of social dialogue, the unprecedented expansion of the legal content of the concept to a much wider range of social relations (that are no longer associated exclusively with the social and labor sphere) requires a new definition of the social significance of social dialogue, its connection with other social processes and institutions.

The methodology of research is formal legal and logical interpretation of Russian Constitution and labor legislation, analysis of the academic publications concerning labor law.

The main results, scope of application. The constitutionalization of social dialogue requires to identify it’s interrelation with other social processes and institutions - economic, political and social solidarity, social responsibility of business, civil society, the social state. The author tries to trace the transformation of the conceptual apparatus, content and regulatory framework of social dialogue and develops recommendations for improving its legal regulation.Based on the analysis of the practice of applying articles of the amended Russian Constitution, it is proposed to amend Art. 23 of Russian Labor Code. At the same time, the content of the elements of this system of social dialogue in the field of labor relations will be disclosed in articles of the second and thirteenth sections of Russian Labor Code. It is proposed to amend the normative acts adopted in accordance with the Russian Labor Code containing the appropriate terminology. Normative acts of social dialogue (sectoral tariff agreements and collective agreements), the effect of which is limited in time, can be updated simultaneously with the planned measures for the development and conclusion of relevant acts for the future period.

Conclusions. Ensuring the implementation of the principles of social dialogue is entrusted by the Constitution to the Government of the Russian Federation. The content of these principles is disclosed in the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. With the entry into force of amendments to the Constitution, these scientifically grounded and legislatively enshrined principles do not need a radical revision based only on the very fact of the appearance of the corresponding constitutional provision. At the same time, the work on their analysis and filling with new legal meaning based on the rule-making and current law enforcement practice is not excluded and can be useful.
Дополнение к фауне пауков (Aranei) Республики Адыгея (Россия)
Authors: Пономарёв Александр Викторович
Published: October 2021

Большая часть данных по фауне пауков Адыгеи была получена из горных районов, тогда как фауна пауков равнин Адыгеи оставалась слабо изученной. В связи с этим автором поставлена цель расширить сведения об аранеофауне Адыгеи и общему распространению пауков на юге России. Материалом исследования послужили сборы, выполненные преимущественно в равнинных районах Республики Адыгея в 2012–2015 годах. В результате составлен аннотированный список 110 видов пауков из 20 семейств, обнаруженных в равнинных и низкогорных районах Республики Адыгея. Впервые для фауны Адыгеи отмечено 35 видов. Из списка пауков Адыгеи исключены Clubiona caerulescens L. Koch, 1867 и Gnaphosa modestrior Kulczyński, 1897, как определённые ошибочно. К настоящему времени в Республике Адыгея зарегистрировано 326 видов пауков из 31 семейства.
Макрофауна беспозвоночных водной экосистемы участка «Острасьевы яры» государственного природного заповедника «Белогорье» по данным 2004–2007 гг.
Authors: Силина Алла Евгеньевна , Будаева Ирина Александровна , Аникеенко Елена Юрьевна
Published: October 2021

Водная экосистема участка «Острасьевы яры» государственного природного заповедника «Белогорье» относится к бассейну Днепра. Работа по инвентаризации фауны данной экосистемы начата авторами в 2004 году, поскольку родниково-ручьевые экосистемы Центрального Черноземья России до этого периода были недостаточно изученными, исследования здесь охватывали преимущественно бассейн Верхнего Дона.  Целью данной работы было выявление видового состава, доминирующих видов и групп макрозообентоса и зоофитоса в различных участках русла ручья урочища Острасьевы яры. В результате исследований 2004–2007 гг. выявлено 135 видов беспозвоночных, из них в верховье – 53 вида, в среднем течении – 53, в низовье – 66. Доминировали насекомые, составившие 68,3 % от числа собранных животных, среди которых наиболее массовыми были двукрылые и веснянки. Массовыми видами являлись моллюски Pseudeupera arcidens (Krivosheina, 1978) и веснянки Nemoura cinerea Retzius, 1783. Впервые для фауны Центрального Черноземья указаны 3 вида беспозвоночных: клещи Arrenurus mulleri Koenike, 1901 и психодиды (двукрылые) –  Satchelliella trivialis (Eaton, 1893) и Ulomyia cognata (Eaton, 1893). В последнее десятилетие на участке «Острасьевы яры» активизировалась деятельность бобра, что привело к значительным изменениям родниково-ручьевой системы. Поэтому полученные данные в исследовании 2004–2007 гг. могут быть использованы в качестве фоновых при оценке зоогенного влияния на макрозообентос родниково-ручьевой экосистемы.
Sustainable Malaria Control Policy and Infant Mortality in an Agrarian Economy: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: D.A. Babalola , P.E. Omeonu , B.O. Osuntade , A.E. Julius , I. Kalu
Published: October 2021

Sustainable implementation of policy to control malaria is sine qua non to reduce the infant mortality rate especially in agrarian economies like Nigeria where malaria is common. This study examined the relationship between infant mortality rate and government expenditure on malaria (GEM) (proxy for health policy as explanatory variable), per capita income, infrastructure development index (IDI), government expenditure on education and health (as control variables) using data from 1990 to 2019 obtained from the World Bank and African Development Bank database. The unit root test conducted showed that all the variables were not stationary at first difference. The co-integration test established a long run equilibrium relationship between the variables which suggested the use of the Error Correction Model. The analysis of the estimated coefficients in the model showed that IDI and GEM significantly reduce infant mortality rate at P<0.05. Improvement in government funding to control malaria and efforts to develop infrastructure especially in the rural agrarian communities is recommended.
Solvent effect on the Molecular structure and Global, Local and Dual Descriptors: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Lehraki Faiza , Melkemi Nadjib
Published: October 2021

This study aims to explore the effects of solvent polarity on the geometry, energy of solvation, dipole moment, polarizability, charge distribution, frontier molecular orbital analysis, and global, local, and dual descriptors for β Carboline. The effects of eight solvents were treated using a conductor-like polarized continuum model. Density Functional Theory calculations were performed at B3LYP level at 6-311++g (d,p) basis set. The computed results showed that the dipole moment, polarizability, the solvation free energy, and atomic charge of β Carboline increased with the increasing polarity of the solvent. Also, the solvation modified the values of the reactivity descriptors as a result of the interaction between the solvent and β Carboline. The dual descriptor provided a clearer difference between electrophilic and nucleophilic attack at specific atomic site than presented by Fukui functions of β Carboline.
Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives with its Antifungal Activity Evaluation
Authors: Patil Anuja , Shriniwas Mohite
Published: October 2021

Azole exhibits wide range of pharmacological properties. there is limited number of drugs are available to treat microbial infection that too have serious toxic effects the existing drugs has been suffering from the development of resistance and thus newer drugs are required with better activity profile. In this paper synthesis of 1,3,4- oxadiazole derivative with precursor salicylic acid and perform an antifungal activity.
Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Benarima Abdelhakim , Raache Mohamed Nasreddine , Kouadri Moulay Rachid , Belaiche Yassine , Laouini Salah Eddine
Published: October 2021

Moringa oleifera is considered one of the most useful plants in the world because it's rich in bioactive substances, which employing on modern medical treatment, also can be used for many fields: pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics purposes. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction time (X1: 20–60 min), extraction temperature (X2: 15–45 °C) and solvent-solid ratio (X3: 5–7 ml/g), to obtain a high crude of flavonoids yield from Moringa oleifera Leaves by ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique (UAE). The optimum conditions were an extraction time 23 (min), extraction temperature 44 (°C) and solvent-solid ratio 5.05 (ml/g). Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 72.65 (mg ER/g), well matched with the predicted yield 74.34 (mg ER/g) with the coefficients of determination (R2= 0.9861), thus indicating the suitability of response surface methodology in optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Leaves.
Cultura para la transformación vs la mentalidad de superviviente
Authors: Gómez Marcela
Published: October 2021

Se describe la transformación del concepto de crecimiento que ha influido en la agenda global, en comparación con las características de las decisiones estratégicas que se han tomado en el marco latinoamericano, para proponer la definición de "mentalidad de superviviente" como una posible causa de la brecha progresiva que influye en el desarrollo de la región.
Retos 4.0: un manifiesto a considerar para la 4RI
Authors: Siancas Wildo
Published: October 2021

La Cuarta Revolución Industrial (4RI) permite que el avance exponencial de la ciencia y tecnología tenga un impacto cada vez mayor en las dimensiones orgánicas, psíquicas, culturales e interactivas de la naturaleza humana; sin embargo, los retos que trae consigo son cada vez más complejos y transversales. Por ende, el objetivo de este ensayo es analizar los principales retos en las dimensiones biológicas, psicológicas, sociales y contextuales frente al desarrollo de la cuarta revolución industrial. A fin de generar futuros espacios de diálogo que permitan un análisis detallado de cada una de estas dimensiones.
Ciencia ficción de hoy, ciencia de mañana: construir una vida
Authors: Pressuti Caterina
Published: October 2021

Cuando la ciencia ficción, el arte de la imaginación, se encuentra con la ciencia, se pueden crear cosas que antes parecían inimaginables. Es lo que sucede combinando fantasía y técnica, que hacen realidad proyectos imaginados y a veces sólo narrados en novelas, series de televisión o películas. Uno de los grandes sueños de los biólogos, de hecho, ya aparecido en una serie de televisión de ciencia ficción, es poder construir una vida, para poder entender no sólo cómo funciona sino también para tener posibles intuiciones sobre la vida en otros planetas. Este es el caso de un proyecto ambicioso en el que, utilizando los componentes moleculares de la biología, sería posible construir una célula sintética. En este artículo, partiendo del concepto de ciencia ficción y llegando a la conciencia de la sinergia que existe entre ciencia ficción y ciencia, se describirán algunos de los avances realizados hasta la fecha en la construcción de una vida celular, un tema que no sólo forma parte de la literatura científica ficción, sino que gracias a los avances científicos se está convirtiendo cada vez màs en realidad.
Progenitor: el último rol delegado a las máquinas
Authors: Crovetto Angel
Published: October 2021

Con más frecuencia permitimos que las máquinas elijan por nosotros, a través de innumerables algoritmos dejamos que las máquinas conozcan nuestros gustos y deseos y los proyecten ante nosotros para que, en medio de un aura de espejismo de control, elijamos lo que ya está predeterminado, pero, ¿en el fondo estos algoritmos nos conocen? ¿pueden reconocer en qué consiste nuestra humanidad? Este artículo en particular tiene el propósito de explorar la razón del por qué dejamos que las máquinas puedan tomar el control de nosotros, hasta llegar al punto que ellas puedan elegir nuestra existencia y la manera de vivir, como se plantea en la película “I am mother”.