bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rate of gross saving: theory and practice
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine, Kryuchkova Iryna
Published: May 2020

Scientific justification of the rate of gross savings is one of the key issues in the models of economic growth and a fundamental parameter of economic architectonics in the context of long-term dynamics of growth and structure of total demand. The article aims at demonstrating the genesis of the theory of the rate of gross savings beginning from the classics of political economy to theoretical justifications of the endogenization of the rate of savings in the models of economic growth as well as a detailed consideration of the components of gross savings with the analysis of the factors affecting its level (based on statistical data). It is exactly the empirical analysis that allows testing the validity of theoretical concepts and determining the correctness of the theorists' conclusions. The author shows a great gap between the classical view of the savings rate as a result of the action of natural law, which leads to self-regulation of the parameters of production reproduction, on the one hand, and the purely rational views shaped during the formation and development of the theory and models of economic growth, on the other. Empirical studies have shown that the rate of savings and the rate of capital accumulation are different in the economies of different countries and depend on: the degree of government intervention in the distribution of gross disposable income between institutional sectors and in the structure of households by income level, the level of public social transfers, the depth of income misbalances and expenditure of the institutional sectors and, accordingly, their net borrowing and accumulated debt, as well as on the current phase of the economic cycle and quality of the investment environment. The practical relevance of the study is important to substantiate fiscal policy, especially regarding its impact on the level of gross savings in the non-financial corporations and government sectors, as well as the level of public social and capital expenditures. The article was written within the project on «Macro-prospects of the endogenization of Ukraine’s economic development» (state registration number 0117U006435).
Use of Biochar in agriculture.
Authors: Sanchez-Reinoso Alefsi David , Ávila-Pedraza Edgar Alvaro , Restrepo Hermann
Published: May 2020

The objective of this review is to show in a general way how biochar (BC) can be obtained and its effects on the physicochemical properties of soils and physiological behavior of cultivated plants. BC is a product rich in carbon that comes from the pyrolysis of biomass, generally of vegetable origin. BC is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter exposed to temperatures between 200-900 ºC in an atmosphere with low oxygen availability (pyrolysis), which can be slow, intermediate or fast. Depending on the biomass and the temperature used in its production, BC can contain high levels of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, among others. The main sources to produce biochar are forest, agroindustrial and manure residues. BC quality and physical-chemical characteristics will depend not only on the type of waste or plant material for production, but also on the plant photosynthetic apparatus. The high carbon contents present in organic matter, which are more resistant to biological and chemical decomposition, are stabilized by the pyrolysis process. When incorporated into the soil, BC remains stable for longer periods of time and is not volatilized into the atmosphere; this allows BC to be considered as an important compound for the mitigation of the impacts of polluting substances. Additionally, it has been found that BC application improves the physicochemical characteristics of the soil, including fertility. This improvement generates positive responses in the physiological behavior of cultivated plants such as the increase of germination, accumulation of dry matter, photosynthetic rate, yield and quality of the harvested organ. BC use opens important doors for the sustainable management of agriculture in Colombia. It can be considered in production systems exposed to heavy metals such as vegetables and perennial species, in order to reduce the impact of these substances on human health.
Deep-sea holothurians (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) from the Colombian Southern Caribbean Sea
Authors: Borrero-Pérez Giomar H. , Dueñas Luisa F. , León Jorge , Puentes Vladimir
Published: May 2020

Fifteen morphotypes of deep-sea holothurians were documented by photography or videography at depths of 596–2,566 m, using Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV) video surveys and towed camera transects, during hydrocarbon exploratory activities in the Colombian Southern Caribbean. Most of the morphotypes were identified to the species level based on the images. The species belong to four orders, Apodida (1 species), Persiculida (3 species), Elasipodida (8 species), and Synallactida (3 species). Four species, three genera, and three families are reported for the first time in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Some of the reports also represent first records for the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
Uso de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes da área da saúde da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
Authors: Oliveira Cristina Dos Santos , Da Fonseca Leonardo Carvalho , Soares-Yoshikawa Aline Laignier , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o uso de psicotrópicos entre estes estudantes, levando em consideração o sexo, etapa da vida acadêmica e curso frequentado. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, envolvendo uma amostra de 363 alunos do 1º e 8º períodos de sete cursos da área da saúde da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Resultados: O uso de bebida fermentada foi relatado por 51,52% dos alunos, de bebida destilada por 36,09%, e de uso do tabaco por 7,99%. O uso de substâncias como anfetaminas, inalantes, maconha, alucinógenos, sedativos, opioides, barbitúricos e cocaína vieram em seguida. O álcool, tabaco e inalantes figuram entre os que apresentam o maior tempo pregresso de uso: 4,79, 2,89 e 2,87 anos, respectivamente. Com relação ao uso de ambas as bebidas (fermentadas/destiladas), bebidas destiladas exclusivas e tabaco, as mulheres são maiores consumidoras que os homens (p<0,001, exceto para tabaco p=0,08). Os alunos do primeiro período consomem mais anfetaminas, bebidas fermentadas ou ambas bebidas e tabaco que o oitavo (p<0,007). Conclui-se que o uso bebidas destiladas cresce mesmo com o processo formação acadêmica estar na iminência de conclusão. Conclusão: Portanto, deve-se rever a forma como esse assunto está sendo abordado nas faculdades estudadas.
Editorial - In Time: Covid- 19
Authors: Nunes Nancy Alfieri
Published: May 2020

Quarantine time, time to analyze everything we saw, read, heard about the Covid-19 virus.
Evaluation of different methods for saliva collection in young children
Authors: Soares Aline Laignier , De Oliveira Livia Roberta Piedade , Martins Carla , De Souza Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE: aimed to compare three saliva collection methods in terms of their acceptability by young children, the salivary samples were submitted to total protein concentration measurement and a SDS-Page gel electrophoresis. METHODS: The study was composed of 34 healthy children with complete primary dentition. They were selected from those who presented themselves for dental treatment at the Dental School of a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anamnesis was performed, followed by the saliva collection and intra-oral examination for the evaluation of dmf-t index (WHO). After all the salivary collection methods were performed, children were asked about which method of collection they would prefer. RESULTS: When asked about the preferred method of saliva collection, 50% of children answered that they prefer to spit into a tube, while 37.5% had chosen using Salivette® collection device and 12.5% had opted by using the pipette. CONCLUSION: The collection by spitting saliva into a tube can be recommend for saliva collection in young children once the method is well accept by them and it is not necessary additional cost.
Influência da periodontite nas complicações obstétricas: revisão de literatura
Authors: Santos Romário Correia dos , Gurgel Bárbara Caroline Mota dos Santos , Pinho Roberto Carlos Mourão , Cimões Renata
Published: May 2020

Introdução: Desde o início da década de 90, foi proposto que infecções orais, como a periodontite, poderia ser reservatório infeccioso e também interferir nos resultados da gravidez. Diante dessa perspectiva, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a influência da periodontite nas complicações obstétricas. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), PubMed® e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), para a realização do referido levantamento, utilizou-se os descritores:” ChronicPeriodontitis, Adverse PregnancyOutcome, Pretermbirth, Perinatal Mortality”. Resultados: Embora exista vários estudos que correlacione os problemas obstétricos e neo-natais aos processos inflamatórios causados pela periodontite durante o período gestacional, muitos aspectos ainda não são compreendidos, não permitindo concluir com segurança o elo entre periodontite e complicações uterinas/fetais. Conclusão: Estudos posteriores deverão ser realizados a partir da integração das variáveis sociais, econômicas e culturais das gestantes como pontos influenciadores da pré-disposição das doenças periodontais e de problemas gestacionais e neonatais.
To study impact level of dominat parameters and propose estimate methodology for wave transmission efficiency of unconventional complex pile submerged breakwater
Authors: Tien Nguyen Anh
Published: May 2020

This article proposes semi-empirical equations to estimate wave transmission coefficient through submerged complex with solid pile breakwater based on theories of random wave energy conservation of perpendicular wave transmission incorporated with physical hydraulic experiments in wave flume applied on both types of submerged breakwater with and without piles. These equations are able to describe interactions and energy dissipation process for each element of this complex structure which are foundation block and pile rows. Energy dissipation process depends on three major factors which are [relative submerge depth (Rc/Hm0), relative crest width (B/Hm0), wave slope at construction location (sm=Hm0/Lm)] and wave energy dissipation process through pile rows is determined by two major factors [relative submerged depth or submerged length of piles (Rc/Hm0), relative pile row width (Xb/Lm)].
The Effect of Age of Titanium Dental Implants on Implant Survival and Marginal Bone Resorption: A 5-Year Retrospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: Cigerim Levent , Kaplan Volkan
Published: May 2020

It has been demonstrated that the osteoconductivity, hydrophilicity, and biological capacity of titanium decreases over time, and this phenomenon was described as the biological aging of titanium. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the age of sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium dental implants (duration from the production date until the date of dental implant surgery) affects marginal bone resorption and implant survival. This nonrandom convenience-sample retrospective pilot study was carried out in 200 implants of 64 patients. Radiographic measurements were performed on intraoral periapical radiographs. Implants were divided into 2 age groups; group 1 = 0–3 months and group 2 = 36–41 months. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant. Of the implants, 41% (n = 82) were between 0 and 3 months old, and 59% (n = 118) were between 36 and 41 months old. All (n = 200) of the implants survived and maintained their function. The mean mesial marginal resorption measurement was 0.60 ± 0.65 mm, and the mean distal marginal resorption was 0.77 ± 1.07 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the amount of mesial and distal marginal bone resorption according to implant age (P > .05). In SLA surface titanium implants with adequate initial primary stability and a 3-month osseointegration period before loading, biological aging of titanium did not affect implant survival and marginal bone resorption.
Preliminary Characterization of the Probiotic Properties of a Bacterial Strain for Used in Monogastric Nutrition
Authors: DUMITRU Mihaela , HĂBEANU Mihaela , TABUC Cristina , JURCOANE Ștefana
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to evaluate some probiotic properties of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051a. The phenotypic profile, resistance to pH by simulated gastric juice (pH 2 and 3), bile salts by simulated intestinal fluid, survivability (%), heat and antibiotics tolerance were investigated. The strain is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, arranged in short chains or in small irregular pairs with the ability to produce spores. Good viability at pH 2 and 3, with a survival of more than ≥80%, was found. In the presence of bile salts 0.3%, over 4 h, the strain exhibited a survival ≥85%. At 80°C, for 120 min., the strain showed good growth (9.04 log CFU/ml). Results were sensitive to most antibiotics, with a highly susceptible (between 16 – 25 mm) to erythromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and kanamycin. The strain was found to be sensitive to vancomycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. The present research demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051a can survive under gastrointestinal conditions, which involves them to future in vitro and in vivo probiotic studies.
Quantification of Anethole in Fennel and Anise Essential Oils using Gas Chromatography and 1H-NMR-Spectroscopy
Authors: DUȚĂ Denisa Eglantina , CULEȚU Alina , NEGOIȚĂ Mioara , Ionescu Valentin
Published: May 2020

Nine essential oils from fennel (seeds and herbs) and anise (seeds) from different origins were analysed for density, refractive index and for a complete composition through GC-MS and 1H-NMR-spectroscopy. Anethole was the main compound identified in fennel and anise essential oils. Anethole content varied between 30 – 90% in fennel oils and between 80 – 99% in anise oils; anethole is often used as flavouring substance in foods with a good antimicrobial activity also. A positive correlation was found between anethole content determined by GC-MS and 1H-NMR (r = 0.8567 for fennel oils and r = 0.6986 for anise oils). The results showed different levels of anethole in oils (values ranged between 30.66 % and 99.24 %). Electronic nose was a very good and rapid method for discrimination of essential oils based on PCA (Principal Component Analysis) with discrimination index above 90 for both essential oils.
Monitoring the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil at municipal and federative units level
Authors: Cota Wesley
Published: May 2020

We present a dataset containing the reported number of COVID-19 cases and deaths at municipal and federative units level in Brazil. Data is aggregated daily from official sources with the most updated numbers, providing a reliable, free and simple resource for researchers, health authorities and general public. Interactive pages in English and Portuguese are available, containing maps, graphs and tables with all the data. Data about recovered, suspected and tests made are also available for most federative units.
Infodemia, la otra pandemia durante COVID-19
Authors: Sanchez Abel Arroyo , Paredes Jose Elias Cabrejo , Vallejos Maria Peregrina Cruzado
Published: May 2020

Infodemia es la epidemia de información asociada con miedo, especulación y rumores, amplificada y transmitida rápidamente por las modernas tecnologías de la información y que afecta negativamente a la sociedad. Su asociación con la pandemia de la enfermedad por el Coronavirus 2019 no es exclusiva, porque ya había sido descrita con la pandemia del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave por el coronavirus-1 en el año 2003. Esta información falsa o engañosa puede provocar una renuencia pública generalizada a adoptar medidas de control de infecciones bien fundamentadas promovidas por las autoridades de salud, y así retrasar la ejecución de las recomendaciones esenciales. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en su afán de contrarrestarla, ha establecido la Red de Información de la OMS para Epidemias.
The Turks in Friuli
Authors: Pasolini Pier Paolo , Mucignat Rosa , Viti Cristina
Published: May 2020

Pier Paolo Pasolini Continues to Be Known Outside of Italy Primarily as A filmmaker and Controversial Public Intellectual whose uncompromising explorations of sexuality, religious meaning, and social exclusion gave expression to a “uniquely provocative and prophetic modernity” (Hirschman 9). Recent scholarship in English is only beginning to reveal the extraordinary variety and quality of Pasolini's writing in Italian, and it has barely touched on his early works in Friulian. Friulian is a Romance variety spoken in Friuli, a region in the far northeast of Italy, where Pasolini spent many a summer as a child in his mother's hometown of Casarsa. In the Friulian of Casarsa, Pasolini thought he had found a “pure poetic language” (“Al lettore” 8), unsullied by previous literary usage yet integral to the archaic lifeworld of the marginalized peasants for whom he felt “a sweet and violent love, both turbid and pure” (Passione 137).
Cicero the Barbarian
Authors: Butler Shane
Published: May 2020

Late Into The Night, I Sit Alone in My Study, Listening. in This, I Am Not Unlike The Title Character of Italo Calvino's “A King Listens,” one of three stories that make up hisUnder a Jaguar Sun, first published as a collection in 1986. The aim of Calvino's king is the acoustic surveillance of his realm, every corner of which is connected to the throne room by a twisting network of resonant tubes. Day in, day out, he listens, learning much, but feeling very little.

This royal listener would later capture the imagination of the philosopher Adriana Cavarero, who opens her bookFor More than One Voicewith a close reading of the story. For Cavarero, Calvino's king is very much like philosophy in its traditional Western form, listening for bodiless, universallogos, the Greek word for “word” that ancient philosophy uses to designate the rational order of the cosmos. In the story, the king is brought to his knees, suddenly and unexpectedly, by the sound of a woman singing. For Cavarero, this single, singular voice embodies the particularity that philosophy traditionally excludes in the name of the universal.
Aural Philology and the Latin Recordings of the Harvard Vocarium
Authors: Howley Joseph A.
Published: May 2020

Philology is Often Taken to Be a Matter of Eyes and Hands: We Make Sense of Written Text, And Then Write Down Our Findings. This essay is interested in philology as a matter of the ear. Since Walter Ong declared the fundamental opposition of orality and literacy, humanists have located the lost, spoken origins of written text in the realm of orality. By contrast, aurality, the way texts are encountered by the ear, is a condition of consumption, which is to say reading, and so by considering aurality we are also considering the history of reading.

Sound recordings, created by phonographic technology, provide a useful critical framework for the history of reading. In addition to what we think of as the legible or intentional content of a recording, sound recordings have what audio engineers call “room tone”—the sonic signature of the space in which the recording was made, the equipment used to make it, and the specific placement of that equipment in relation to a subject. Although we learn to unhear room tone by means of what Jonathan Sterne calls “audile techniques” (137), its presence is always felt. By attuning our ears to the room tone of historical phonography, then, we can practice attuning our historians' ears to the barely perceptible silences, markers of space, and context in textual artifacts of historical reading culture.
Elsie McLuhan's Vocal Science
Authors: McDowell Paula
Published: May 2020

Full out the plug in order to get back to the physical body.

—Marshall McLuhan, 19 December 1978

Four Years Before a Massive Stroke Took Away his Ability to Speak, Marshall McLuhan Advised his Son Eric To “Develop the power and habit of listening. It is not a power that I have, and nobody ever told me how to go about getting it.” A notorious talker who would “lecture and discourse nonstop if anyone else was present” (Marchand 273), and who frequently telephoned his friends and colleagues in the wee hours of the morning to discuss his latest idea, this English professor turned media theorist was also one of the first academics to recognize and seize the opportunities offered by the new media of popular culture to reach audiences wider than the readerships of scholarly journals. From the 1960s onward, McLuhan made dozens of appearances on radio and television and even made a cameo film appearance: in Woody Allen'sAnnie Hall, he silences an arrogant Columbia University professor by declaring, “You know nothing of my work.” At once a raconteur and an aphorist, he was most alive when processing his thoughts aloud to a live audience, whether in a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation recording studio, at his family dinner table, or in his office at the University of Toronto, where he dictated many of his later writings (books, articles, and correspondence) to his secretary, Margaret Stewart (“Marge”). “Telephone conversations with Marshall would turn into miniature symposia,” recalled the University of Toronto president Claude Bissell (qtd. in Nevitt 284). Ironically, given his own wee-hours use of the telephone, McLuhan theorized this medium of secondary (or electronic) orality as “an intensely personal form that ignores all the claims of visual privacy prized by literate man” and as “an irresistible intruder in time or place” (Understanding Media296).
Axial compression behaviour of bolted-flange composite column–column connection
Authors: Shehab Bashar A. , Ekmekyapar Talha
Published: May 2020

Reliable column–column connection contributes to a reduction in waste materials and enables structures to be demountable after their service life. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a bolted-flange connection with concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns subjected to axial compression load. Compression capacity, ductility, axial stiffness and toughness, as well as failure modes are discussed. The specimens are grouped into two categories: group I—connection without stiffeners and group II—connections supported by stiffeners. Three thicknesses of 2, 4 and 6 mm were used to manufacture the bolted flanges and stiffeners. The results showed that the proposed connection was effective to avoid a reduction in compression capacity. The various thicknesses of bolted flanges in group I specimens had a slight influence on the axial stiffness value and that influence was doubled in group II specimens. The stiffeners played a significant role in the toughness value and this was reduced with a reduction in the thickness of the stiffeners. In addition, an improvement in ductility was noticeable in stiffened specimens. Consequently, it can be inferred that bolted-flange joints have the potential to produce reliable and economical designs for CFST columns.
Perturbations of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Children with Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease
Authors: Denburg Michelle R. , Koepsell Kristen , Lee Jung-Jin , Gerber Jeffrey , Bittinger Kyle , Tasian Gregory E.
Published: May 2020

Significance Statement

Although antibiotics have been associated with an increased risk of kidney stones, particularly early in life, perturbations of the gut microbiome and metabolome in early-onset nephrolithiasis have not been investigated. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics of stool samples in a study of 44 children with kidney stones and 44 controls matched for age, sex, and race, the authors found that 31 bacterial taxa—including seven butyrate-producing taxa and three that degrade oxalate—were less abundant among children with calcium oxalate stones. Levels of 18 metabolites differed between cases and controls and correlated with the fecal bacteria that were less abundant among children with nephrolithiasis. Such disruptions in the gut microbiome and metabolome may thus be determinants of early-onset disease and may explain the association between antibiotics and nephrolithiasis.

Background

The relationship between the composition and function of gut microbial communities and early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease is unknown.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study of 88 individuals aged 4–18 years, which included 44 individuals with kidney stones containing ≥50% calcium oxalate and 44 controls matched for age, sex, and race. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on stool samples.

Results

Participants who were kidney stone formers had a significantly less diverse gut microbiome compared with controls. Among bacterial taxa with a prevalence >0.1%, 31 taxa were less abundant among individuals with nephrolithiasis. These included seven taxa that produce butyrate and three taxa that degrade oxalate. The lower abundance of these bacteria was reflected in decreased abundance of the gene encoding butyryl-coA dehydrogenase (P=0.02). The relative abundance of these bacteria was correlated with the levels of 18 fecal metabolites, and levels of these metabolites differed in individuals with kidney stones compared with controls. The oxalate-degrading bacterial taxa identified as decreased in those who were kidney stone formers were components of a larger abundance correlation network that includedEggerthella lentaand severalLactobacillusspecies. The microbial (α) diversity was associated with age of stone onset, first decreasing and then increasing with age. For the individuals who were stone formers, we found the lowestαdiversity among individuals who first formed stones at age 9–14 years, whereas controls displayed no age-related differences in diversity.

Conclusions

Loss of gut bacteria, particularly loss of those that produce butyrate and degrade oxalate, associates with perturbations of the metabolome that may be upstream determinants of early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.
Medial meniscal ekstrüzyon ile dejeneratif artritin neden sonuç ilişkisi bakımından incelenmesi
Authors: AYLANÇ Nilüfer , BENGİN ERTEM Şenay
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada diz ekleminde önemli bir biyomekanik
etkiye sahip olan menisküsün yapısal bozukluklarının, erişkin bireylerde sık
rastlanan osteoartrit süreci ile olan ilişkisinin neden-sonuç ilişkisi
bakımından irdelemek.

Yöntem: 46 kadın ve 48 erkekten hastalara ait 94 diz MR
tetkiki retrospektif olarak gözden geçirildi. Bu olgularda medial meniskal yer değişiklikleri-ekstrüzyonlar
ve aynı zamanda MR görüntülerde tibiofemoral kartilaj kalınlıkları, eklem
mesafeleri ve medial menisküsü destekleyen temel ligamanlardan olan MCL’nin
durumu ya da hasar dereceleri değerlendirildi ve bulgular karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 47,9±12,7 olan 46 kadın ve 48 erkek
hastaya ait toplamda 94 diz MR değerlendirildi. Olguların yaş ortalamaları
arttıkça medial eklem aralığı ve medial menisküs ekstrüzyon (MME) derecesi
arasında anlamlı korelasyon saptandı. Medial eklem mesafesi ile medial ve
lateral kartilaj kalınlıkları arasında ve lateral eklem aralığı arasında
pozitif korelasyon saptandı. Medial menisküs hasar derecesi arttıkça medial
kartilaj kalınlıkları azalırken MME derecesi artmakta idi. Ayrıca lateral
kartilaj kalınlıkları ile lateral meniskal ekstrüzyon (LME) derecesi arasında
negatif korelasyon saptandı. MCL derecelerine göre gruplar arasında medial
ekstrüzyon açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (p<0,001).

Sonuç: Meniskal ekstrüzyon yaş ile artan dejeneratif
süreçlerin de birlikteliğinde oldukça sık görülmektedir. Meniskal ekstrüzyon
oranı, MCL gibi komşu ligaman hasarlarında da artmaktadır. Gerek osteoartrit
gerek meniskopati ve gerekse ligaman hasarları bir arada görülebilmekle
birlikte meniskal ekstrüzyon, kartilaj hasarını kolaylaştırdığından dejeneratif
artrit gelişiminin nedenlerinden sayılabilir.0000-0002-5889-9763
Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism of FABP4 gene and meat quality and expression of lipid metabolism genes in Yanbian yellow cattle v1
Authors: Yin Baozhen , Fang Jiachen , Zhang Jiasu , Zhang Luomeng , Xu Chang , Xu Hongyan , Shao Jing , Xia Guangjun
Published: May 2020

FABP4 is considered a potential candidate gene for carcass and meat quality traits of livestock and poultry. However, effects of FABP4 have not been examined in the Yanbian yellow cattle, which is among the top local cattle breeds in China. Here, we aimed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FABP4 in this cattle breed and evaluate their effects on meat quality traits. Six SNPs (SNP1–6) were identified in FABP4 by direct sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analyses indicated that the six SNPs had significant effects on meat quality traits. The GG, GA, and GG and AA genotypes of SNP1 was significantly associated with the water, fat, and protein contents, respectively(P<0.05). The fat content and marbling in hybrid animals at SNP2–SNP6 sites was significantly higher than that in wild-type or mutants (P<0.05), while protein content was significantly higher in wild-type and mutants than in heterozygous animals (P<0.05). Gene expression analysis indicated that lipid metabolism-related genes, FABP4, PPARγ, ANGPTL4, and LPL, showed similar expression pattern in different FABP4 genotypes, with expression being highest in wild-type and lowest in mutants. In conclusion, the SNPs can be used for marker-assisted selection in Yanbian yellow cattle breeding.
Shipping Paraffin Blocks to the Bodenmiller Lab for IMC Analysis v1
Authors: Jorgensen Marda
Published: May 2020

This SOP describes the methods used to ship paraffin-embedded blocks to the University of Zurich.
Creating Bacterial Glycerol Stocks for Long-term Storage v1
Authors: Islam Priota
Published: May 2020

Bacterial glycerol stocks are important for long-term storage. Bacteria on LB agar plate can be stored at 4°C for a few weeks. However, if you want to store bacteria for a longer time, you will need to establish glycerol stocks. The addition of glycerol stabilizes the frozen bacteria, preventing damage to the cell membranes and keeping the cells alive. A glycerol stock of bacteria can be stored stably at -80°C for many years.
Institutional Innovations for the Development of the East of Russia: Effects of Implementation in the Resource Region
Authors: Lomakina Natalia V. , Antonova Natalia E.
Published: May 2020

The authors examined the responses of economic agents to implantation in 2013–2020 of institutional instruments of a “new model” for the development of the Far Eastern macro-region. The trend of the predominance of investments in resource projects in the total volume of investments in fixed assets in the macro-region has been confirmed. The study contains new results confirming the influence of the predominantly raw character of the region’s economy on the transformation of institutions, expressed through: modification of institutional instruments for the development of the region and the formation of a multiplicity of preferential regimes in the interests of large resourcebased companies; the emergence of negative institutional externalities for the regional economy in the implementation of selected institutional instruments in the resourcebased industries. We ranged the Far Eastern and several Siberian regions according to the degree of resource dependence with the estimation of the selected indicators for the natural resource sector as a whole (including the extraction of mineral, forest and waterbiological resources), which corresponds to the economic specialization of the macroregion. We have revealed that the result of the implementation of the “new model” of development was an increase in resource dependence in the economy of the Far Eastern macro-region in the studied period. The obtained estimates demonstrate the contradiction between the goals, institutional instruments and the first results of the implementation of the “new model” of development of the Far East. The study allows to gain new knowledge at the intersection of certain theoretical and applied scientific directions: assessing the effectiveness of state regional policy; the role of natural resources in economic development; institutional design
Jevons’ Paradox Revisited: Do Russian Environmental Institutions Contribute to Green Growth?
Authors: Glazyrina Irina P. , Zabelina Irina A.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this work is to quantify the effectiveness of the environmental institutions in Russia from the perspective of the concepts of green economy and green growth. For these purposes we used the indicators of the environmental and economic dynamics, which can be considered as characteristics of the quality of growth from an environmental point of view: eco-intensity, representing direct quantitative characteristics of resource use or negative impact per unit of economic result, and decoupling coefficients. The authors adhere to the approach to the quantitative assessment of green growth, proposed by P. Victor in 2014. The proposed tools allow analyzing environmental and economic trends for individual regions, industries and types of negative anthropogenic impact. Based on the calculation results, it can be concluded that Russian environmental institutions are not a sufficiently fine instrument of regulation, as they do not fully take into account the regional characteristics and, in general, do not create sufficient incentives for greening the economy. The results of the work can be used both in theoretical studies of ecological and economic dynamics for individual countries and regions, and in practical development of programs for the development of territories
Russian Economy as a Pyramid of Wealth Enclaves: Political Economy Approach
Authors: Levin Sergey N. , Sablin Kirill S.
Published: May 2020

The article highlights the resource-industrial and institutional conditions causing the fragmentation of the economic space in Russia. In these conditions, the integration of the economy and society is ensured through the integrated political-administrative market of the centralized type. As a result, the functioning and development of the Russian economy are described as a complicated interweaving of the horizontal added value chains and the vertical chains of value redistribution. This created the pyramid of wealth enclaves in the Russian economy. The interaction between the actors controlling these enclaves occurs mainly on the political-administrative market, connected with the vertical redistribution of added value. The theoretical basis of the study is J. Stiglitz’s model of dual enclave economy and the modified tools of the concept of global value chains (GVC). The study operates such qualitative research methods as conceptualization and comprehensive analysis. The study revealed that in the Russian economy the economic market fragmentation situation is persistently present. The pyramid of wealth enclaves linked with the vertical chains of value redistribution does not create incentives for the integrated development of the national economy
The Study of the Electrospark Coating Effect on the Heat Removal Property of Hard Alloy
Authors: Vostrikov Yaroslav A. , Sleptsova Sardana A.
Published: May 2020

The effect of a protective coating on the heat removal properties of a cutting plate made of VK8 tungsten-containing hard alloy has been studied. The article provides a sequence of measurements made by a thermal imager and a thermograph to install a mechanism for heat removal by a protective coating. The factors affecting the fault in temperature measurements in a static experiment by means of a thermal imager are described. The time to maximum temperature transferred from the heated counterbody to the hard alloy with and without coating has been obtained. The exposure time of the maximum temperature transmitted from the counterbody to the alloys under study has been fixed. It has been demonstrated that a multilayer electrospark coating based on Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr, W reduces the maximum temperature under the same test conditions by 42%, while the surface cooling rate at the point close to the cutting edge increases by 53%. The data obtained show the effect of the protective coating on the heat removal property of the hard alloy. The time of heat propagation over the entire surface of the test sample and the cooling time have been studied by means of a thermograph. There is a temperature difference of 103°С for the alloy without coating that has been calculated simultaneously between the points on the cutting edge and at a distance of 2 mm lower along the front surface, while for the alloy with a protective coating the difference was 79°С, it is less by 24%. The thermograms of alloys with and without coating are clearly shown at time to maximum temperature on the surface. The work of the coating to remove heat from the point of contact with the heated counterbody has been proven, and the heat removal property is explained by the composition of the coating obtained by electrospark alloying with electrodes based on Cu, Ni, Fe, W, and Cr
Aggregation of Hydroacoustic Monitoring System
Authors: Starodubtsev Pavel A. , Storozhok Evgeny A. , Alifanov Roman N.
Published: May 2020

Currently, the threat of sabotage at hydraulic structures such as bridges, dams, oil rigs, etc. has increased. In this regard, the creation of effective hydroacoustic monitoring systems is an urgent task. Aggregation (from Latin: аgrego) means a combination of individual elements into a single entity. In relation to the problem considered, this term refers to the combination of states of an object or, more precisely, a group of objects that possess common properties. The article presents an aggregation method using a single criterion which characterizes the minimum of information loss
The Far East Cogeneration Development
Authors: Bibikov Dmitriy R. , Shtym Konstantin A. , Bayankin Pavel A. , Umnov Alexander A.
Published: May 2020

This article considers the heat and power supply system based on small and mediumsized cogeneration at the “Vostochnaya” combined heat – and – power plant (GTU – CHPP “Vostochnaya” in Vladivostok) and the “Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya” CHPP-1 (power units 4 and 5 of the GTU in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk). This cogeneration is aimed at developing the southern region of the Far East and boosting its energy capacity. The article describes the main equipment such as General Electric LM6000 gas turbine units installed at the GTU – CHPP “Vostochnaya” and at power units 4, 5 of the GTU in “Yuzhno-Sakhalinskya” CHPP-1. Heat energy consumption during the heating period of 2018–2019 at “Vostochnaya” was 787.5 thousand Gcal. The specific reference fuel consumption for electric generation was 230 g/kWh, for heat supply – 121.9 kg/Gcal. Heat energy consumption during the heating period of 2018 at the power units 4 and 5 of the GTU in “Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya” CHPP-1 was 321.59 Gcal. The specific reference fuel consumption for electric generation was 296.1 g/kWh, for heat supply – 124.7 kg/Gcal. Despite the underutilization of GTU – CHPP “Vostochnaya” in terms of electric and thermal energy (the consumption volumes of connected consumers are less than the design loads), the equivalent fuel consumption indicators reflect the efficiency of GTU generating equipment
PRÁTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Simões Neto José de Caldas , Rocha Ariza Maria
Published: May 2020

O estudo busca ressignificar as práticas de educação ambiental na formação e atuação dos professores de Educação Física partir de uma revisão de literatura e avaliar a formação dos professores de Educação Física da região CRAJUBAR do Cariri Cearense para atuação com a Educação Ambiental. Destacado os desafios na formação de professores de Educação Física, as possibilidades, ações e estratégias de ensino em atividades ligadas as práticas corporais como um elo na promoção de uma construção de novos valores pró-ambientais, capazes de gerar novas sensibilidades para a relação entre homem e meio ambiente.
KARİYER GELİŞİMİ BAĞLAMINDA SANAYİ 4.0’IN MESLEK SEÇİMİNE ETKİSİNE YÖNELİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: AKGÜL Hanife , AYER Zeynep
Published: May 2020

Sanayi 4.0 kavramı, 18. yüzyılda İngiltere’de Birinci Sanayi Devrimi ile başlayan ve sanayi devrimlerinin günümüzde ulaştığı son aşaması olarak kabul edilen Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi’ni ifade etmektedir. Sanayi 4.0’ın, sanayi sektörü başta olmak üzere ekonomideki tüm sektörleri etkisi altına alması, siber fiziksel sistemlere ve yapay zekaya (akıllı makinalara) dayalı yeni mesleklerin ortaya çıkması, insana duyulan ihtiyacın oldukça azalması ve nitelikli işgücünün piyasada kalabileceği bir süreç olması beklenmektedir. Sanayi 4.0 süreciyle birlikte, mesleklerin yapı ve işleyişinde meydana gelecek değişim ve dönüşümün hem bireysel, hem toplumsal hem de ekonomik alanda büyük etkileri olacaktır. Mevcut durumda; eğitim sistemi aksaklıkları, olumsuz çevre koşulları, ülkenin ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmişlik düzeyi vb. gibi faktörlerin etkilerinden dolayı zaten zor olan kariyer planlaması ve meslek seçimi konuları Sanayi 4.0 süreciyle birlikte bireyler için daha da karmaşık hale gelecektir. Bu çalışmada; Sanayi 4.0 sürecinde, bireylerin kariyer planlaması ve meslek seçimi yaparken mesleklerdeki değişim ve dönüşümün olası etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden; literatür tarama ve kurgulama yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, önce Sanayi 4.0’ın gelişimi ve ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan koşullar incelenmiştir. Ardından, kariyer kavramı ve meslek seçimi konuları analiz edilmiştir. Son bölümde ise; kariyer evreleri bağlamında Sanayi 4.0’ın çocuklarda, gençlerde ve yetişkinlerde kariyer gelişimine etkilerinin tespitine yönelik araştırma ve kurgulama yapılmıştır. Çalışmadaki araştırma verilerine göre; sanayi 4.0 sürecinde, mevcut mesleklerden bir kısmının teknolojik gelişmeye bağlı olarak ortadan kalkacağı, buna karşılık şu anda mevcut olmayan yeni mesleklerin ortaya çıkacağı, varlığını devam ettirecek mesleklerin de değişime uğrayacağı tespit edilmiştir. Bütün bu veriler sonucunda sanayi 4.0 sürecinin meslekleri, meslek seçimini ve kariyer gelişimini önemli ölçüde etkileyeceği beklenmektedir.
TÜRKİYE İÇİN İŞSİZLİK HİSTERİSİ HİPOTEZİNİN DALGACIK TABANLI BİRİM KÖK TESTLERİ İLE SINANMASI
Authors: AYDIN Mücahit
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkiye için işsizlik histerisi hipotezinin geçerliliği 2005:01-2018:10 dönemi için dalgacık tabanlı birim kök testleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarının karşılaştırılabilmesi amacıyla zaman ve frekans alanı birim kök testleri birlikte kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada zaman alanı birim kök testlerinden Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) birim kök testi kullanılmışken frekans alanı birim kök testlerinden Fan ve Gencay (2010) dalgacık tabanlı varyans oranı testi ve Eroğlu ve Soybilgen (2018) dalgacık tabanlı ADF birim kök testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye için işsizlik oranı serisi durağan olarak elde edilmiştir. Diğer bir ifadeyle işsizlik oranı verisine gelen şokların etkisi kalıcı değil geçicidir. Bu sonuca göre Türkiye için incelenen dönemde işsizlik histerisi hipotezi geçerli değildir.
Multifactor predictive model in patients with myocardial infarction based on modern biomarkers
Authors: Khamitova A. F. , Lakman I. A. , Akhmetvaleev R. R. , Tulbaev E. L. , Gareeva D. F. , Zagidullin Sh. Z. , Zagidullin N. Sh.
Published: May 2020

Objective To study the prognostic role of current serum biomarkers in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) by constructing a multifactorial model for prediction of cardiovascular complications (CVC) in remote MI. Acute coronary syndrome is a major cause of death and disability in the Russian Federation. Introduction of current biomarkers, such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, stimulating growth factor (ST2), and centraxin-2 (Pentraxin, Ptx-3), provides more possibilities for diagnostics and calculation of risk for CVC.Materials and Methods Concentrations of biomarkers were measured in 180 patients with MI (mean age, 61.4±1.7) upon admission. At one year, specific and composite endpoints were determined (MI, acute cerebrovascular disease, admission for CVD, and cardiovascular death). Based on this information, a prognostic model for subsequent events was developed.Results A mathematical model was created for computing the development of a composite endpoint. In this model, the biomarkers NT-proBNP, Ptx-3 and, to a lesser extent, ST2 demonstrated their prognostic significance in diagnosis of CVC with a sensitivity of 78.79 % and specificity of 86.67 % (area under the curve, AUC 0.73).

Conclusion In patients with remote MI, the biomarkers NT-proBNP, ST2, and Ptx-3 improve prediction of CVC.
Some features of the use of parceling in Internet communication
Authors: Polidovets N. I.
Published: May 2020

The subject of the research in the article is the peculiarities of using the parceling method in modern Internet communication. Based on the analysis of language material extracted from the Internet resources of Russian forums, an attempt is made to analyze the regularity and frequency of the use of the parceling method. The relevance of the study lies in the absence of special literature on this topic in the context of Internet linguistics. At the stage of preparation for the study, it was determined that the authors mainly studied the phenomenon of parceling on the basis of the material of fiction and journalism, mainly in newspapers and magazines. During the study, the following goals were set: to allocate the necessary amount of language material for the study of the phenomenon of parceling in Internet linguistics; based on the analysis of special literature, to isolate the main functions of parceling that are characteristic of Internet linguistics; to classify the phenomenon of parceling in Internet linguistics by structure, to make a detailed description of each category. The article uses the works of such linguists engaged in the study of parcelling as N.S. Valgina, Y.V. Vannikov, E.A. Ivanchikova, N.V. Inozemtseva, T.N. Kolokoltseva, A.P. Skovorodnikov, and others. Russian-language personality has used more than 500 language units extracted from federal and regional websites to draw conclusions about the relative frequency of using parceling and different structures as part of parceling, about the main functions of parceling in Internet communication, as well as about changes in Russian punctuation related, among other things, to the dictated features of using parceling in Internet communication of the XXI century and active processes occurring in modern Russian.