bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histological study of the licorice extract as Phytoestrogens, compared with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophyin hormone (PMSG) in the female Reproductive system of Awassi ewes
Authors: N . Abbas H.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out at the Iraqi ministry of science & Technology as well as the Vet. Collage- Baghdad. This research aimed to study the effects of macroscopic and histological licorice extract in the genital tract of ewes as well as to study the effect of the extract on reproductive efficiency to be compared with serum hormone PMSG( pregnant horse) used for this purpose. The study used (36) local ewes which are divided into three equal groups (T 1, T 2, T 3) (Licorice extract 300, PMSG 500 and zero respectively), The first group( T1) of ewes was given licorice extract a single dose of 300 mg / kg body weight weekly for a period of ( 6) weeks, The second group (T 2), they were treated with hormone PMSG with a dose of 500 unit by intramuscular injection on the day of the raising of the vaginal sponges. As for the third group (T 3) which was given normal saline only it was used as a control group .The study results that the use of licorice extract as (Phytoestrogens) leads to a lack of awareness of the pathological changes on tissue of the genital tract of treated ewes or reduction of fertility and reproductive efficiency. As the study showed that the fertility rate increased ( 1,5%) in the Group of licorice extract which is similar to the group PMSG compared with control group which had a 1.0 fertility rate and a proportion of 88,8% of fertility. In conclusion, the licorice extract could be used to raise the rates of certain reproductive efficiency in sheep without causing any satisfactory damage in the canal genital ewes or reduction to the reproductive efficiency
Prevalence of intestinal helminths in stray dogs of Kalar city / Sulaimani province
Authors: Bajalan Mariwan Musa Muhammad
Published: May 2021

A total of 50 stray dogs, 26 males and 24 females from 3 different areas in Kalar city were killed and autopsied during the period from October 2005 till end of March 2006.The overall infection rates with cestodes and nematodes were 84% and 36%, respectively. No trematodes and acanthacephalans were found in the intestine of the dogs.The rate of infection was 75% in area around abattoir, 92.85% in areas of the periphery of Kalar and 95% in the city center.The following cestodes were identified: Taenia spp. (78%), Dipylidium caninum (26%), Diphylobothrium latum (2%) and Mesocestoides sp. (2%). Only two intestinal nematodes, Toxocara sp. and Ancylostoma caninum were recovered with prevalence rates of 36% and 2%, respectively.
BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF HYDATID CYST FLUIDS OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS OF SHEEP IN DUHOK AREA
Authors: AL-BAYATI S. M.
Published: May 2021

Twenty two ( 11 from lung and 11 from liver of lung-liver cross infection ) hydatid cysts fluid collected from sheep slaughter in Duhok abattoir and there biochemical analysis done for several parameters (total protein , Glucose, Cholesterol , triglyceride, creatinine , Urea , Uric acid , Calcium and Magnesium ions ) by colorimetric assay kits for the first time in this area . The biochemical parameters varies in there measures as for protein increased significantly ( P<0.01) in lung cysts fluid ,while in liver some increased significantly like cholesterol ( P<0.01) ,triglyceride ( P<0.05 ) , creatinine (P<0.01) , calcium (P <0.01) and magnesium ( P<0.05). In compare with previous studies the results reflected some differences for many values ,and also among lungs or livers , which may pointed some strain variability in parasite metabolism, growth rate or even strain variation
Prevalence of Listeria in ice creams in Baghdad province
Authors: AL-Shamary Ali Hassan Ahmed
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was concerned on the prevalence of Listeria spp.in the ice cream samples collected from the different pastry shops and downtown stores of Baghdad province during December 2009 till April 2010. A total of 50 ice cream samples (25 locally produced samples from raw and imported powdered milk and 25 imported samples from different origins) were analyzed and processed according to the standard protocols of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with some modifications. Growth of Listeria spp. was determined in 7 (14%) of total samples as 4 (16%) isolates from locally produced ice creams , from which one isolate was confirmed as Listeria monocytogenes, and 3 (12%) isolates from imported ice creams. The findings of this study suggest that Listeriacontaminates some dairy products and Listeria infections are not a potential risk in Baghdad province, but it is strongly recommended that these products are monitored carefully.
Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of pomegranate, sumac, sage, anise, hand bull tongue, thyme, cloves, lemon and mint against some food-borne pathogens
Authors: Mahmood Maha A.
Published: May 2021

The increasing rate of resistance development for commonly used antibiotics have led to search for newer, more effective, affordable and easily available medicine. Medicinal plants have revived as a consequence of current problems associated with the use of antibiotics. Aqueous extracts of nine plants (pomegranate, sumac, sage, anise, hand bull tongue, thyme, cloves, lemon and mint) were qualitatively and quantitatively examined against twenty microbial isolates, mostly food borne including pathogens. (E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans) antimicrobial screening was done by agar diffusion (well diffusion) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Among the screened plants, cloves were the most inhibitor against isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans followed by the inhibitory effect of sumac against (E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans). On the other hand, pomegranate, sage and lemon showed varied inhibitory effect against the tested food borne isolates, whereas the extracts of anise, hand bull tongue, thyme and mint showed no antimicrobial activities against most of the tested isolates. Regarding the inhibition zone and MIC results, the present study certified that Candida albicans was the most sensitive pathogen as compared with the other food borne pathogens tested (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi).
Histological study of pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland in local male buffaloes ″Bubalus bubalis
Authors: H. B Malallah
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out on the pituitary gland of eight male buffaloes 3-5 years old, examined under light microscope. The histological results revealed that the pars tuberalis contained four types of cells, not similar to any other cell types of the pars distalis. This finding and the location of the pars tuberalis at the gate of pars distalis which control the blood circulation give the pars tuberalis a special functional importance.
EFFECT OF COATING TABLE EGGS WITH NATURAL OILS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON ITS SHELF LIFE
Authors: Al-Shadeedi Shahrazad M. J.
Published: May 2021

The object of this study was to evaluate coating table eggs with different medicinal oils and their effects on shelf life properties of fresh eggs. After storage for 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks at room temperature (experiment 1) and refrigerator temperature (experiment 2) . Fresh table eggs were collected from a flock of Isa brown laying hens, the eggs were distributed into four groups as follow :-1-Control group 2-Corn oil group 3-Dill oil group 4-Black seed oil group, the eggs were coated by immersioned in oil at 56.7 C for16 min (Oil thermostabilization) . The results revealed that coating table eggs with oils in general and specially medicinal oils reduced the mean decrease in egg weight , egg weight loss , PH , free fatty acids , total bacterial count and fungi count after storage for 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks compared with the control . Control group eggs expired after 8 weeks of storage at room conditions according to Iraq standard specification for eggs.The significant reduction in shelf life properties of the eggs treated with natural oils started at the second week under room temperature storage, and fourth week under refrigerator temperature. Dill oil or black seed oil thermo stabilization for table eggs were better than corn oil in reduced the reduction of shelf life after storage at room or refrigerator temperatures. Conclusion, coating locally produced or imported table eggs with medicinal oils to prevention the eggs from deterioration and spoilage during storage.
Effect of use varying ratios from fat with minced meat on bacterial load
Authors: Salum Fouad kamil
Published: May 2021

This study designed to know the effect of use different ration from mixing between minced meat With fat on total bacterial count of meat ( 80) sample was examine through the period of this study (40 sample for minced meat and 40 sample for minced fat) collected from shops in Baghdad city. The results showed the means of bacterial count was rise for the group contained just minced meat without any mixing in means reach to 9.6x 10 cfu \ml follow it with second group which include only minced fat by count 5.5x10 cfu\ml, and the study showed also decrease in bacterial count for (3) mixing groups ( fat with meat ), so the bacteria count for the third group which included 5%, from fat 1.1x10 cfu\ml and 1.3x10 for each of fourth and fifth group which contain the percent of fat10%,20%0n respectively. Also the study shows presence of a significant difference in ( p<0.05) between different mixing group (meat with fat) from one side to two qroups which included meat and fat only. Also recorded significant difference and in the same level in the mean of bacterial count between the first group which contain minced meat only, and the second one which contain fat only, there is no significant difference in mean of bacterial count among varying mixing group from statistical side but record obvious and important decline hygienically in bacterial count for each group. The study showed the best mixing percent for fat with minced meat were 10%,20% respectively which recorded the less bacterial count in each of these two groups. Conclusion mix fat with meat in ratios (10% - 20%) to get the beast decreas in bacterial load of meat .
Study of Using Vit. C to Reduce the Toxic Immunosuppressive Effect of Aflatoxin in Broilers
Authors: Omran Hassiba A.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the adverse effect of aflatoxine contaminated ration on immune response induced by N D vaccine in broilen and the effect of adding vit C in drinking water in reducing the aflatoxine immune supportive effect.A total of 75 day old broiler chicken were divided randomly in to three equal groups , the first group was feed aflatoxine free ration while second and third groups were feed on aflatoxine contaminated ration at 6 day of age, in addition to that the third group have received vit C in a drinking water (125 mg/litter). The birds were immunized twice with ND vaccine at 10, 20 day of age and ELISA test was carried out to estimate the humeral immunity response at 6, 19, 31, days of age.All the groups were challenged with velogenic ND strain (Z 2003). At 32 day of age.The results showed that the first group has high significant antibodies titer reach to 3239±249.3 at 19 days of age and 10186± 845.3 at 31 days of age with significant level p< 0.01 and high protection ratio against challenge (100%) at 32 days of age, while the second group showed a low antibodies titer reach to 2622.6± 27.3 at the 19 days of age and 5712.5± 786.9 at 31 days of age and low protection ratio against challenge (66.67%). the third group showed a high significant antibodies titer reach to 2795± 930.9 at 19 days of age and 7030.1± 246.7 at 31 days of age with significant level p< 0.01 with a protection ratio against challenge 80% at 32 days of age which mean that the third group showed antibodies titer and protection ratio lower than the first group and higher than second group. This study was concluded that giving diets contaminated with aflatoxine cause adverse effects on immune response while the administration of vit C in drinking water improves it .
Assessment of some liver enzyme activities in healthy Iraqi racing Horses
Authors: AH. AL-Hadithy H.
Published: May 2021

The current study was conducted for the measurement of normal range and mean value of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in (125) clinically normal Iraqi racing horses (males and females , Arabian and Crossbred) , aged 2 – 8 years ; < 4 , 4 and > 4 age groups . The results revealed that the range and the mean value ± SEM of these enzymes were as follows ; serum ALT 2 – 28 U/L and 11.07 ± 0.62 U/L, serum AST 30 – 210 U/L and 78.00 ± 3.62 U/L and serum ALP 63 – 204 IU/L and 96.84 ± 2.52 IU/L respectively .However, significant difference (P < 0.05) in serum ALT was recorded between Arabian and Crossbred , while serum AST values showed a significant differences (P < 0.05) between males and females , as well as between less and more than four years age groups .On the other hand , there was no significant difference in serum ALP values between the studied groups . In conclusion , this study recorded and established the normal range reference values and mean ± SEM of serum liver enzymes ALT , AST and ALP in clinically healthy Iraqi racing horses .
Evaluation of Proteus vulgarisfimbriae antigen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)-skin test in rabbits
Authors: Al-Samarrae Ekram Abbas Abood
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of fimbriae antigens for immunization of rabbits against Proteus vulgaris bacteria results showed a higher significant difference (P<0.05) in erythema diameters in the immunized groups in compared with the control. There was no significant difference between both immunized groups 200 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml after 24 hours. Also, a higher significant differences (P<0.05) in the diameter of induration is recorded in both immunized groups compared to control site, a higher significant differences (P<0.05) in the immunized group (100 μg/ml) at the concentration 200 μg/ml compared with 100 and 50 μg/ml after 24 hours, as follow as after 48 hours except significant differences between 200 and 100 μg/ml concentration (P<0.01) and increase induration after 72 hours between both immunized groups; within groups and control site. Conclusion that the fimbrial antigen have the ability to elicit cellular immune response by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH).
Mycological Study of Contaminated of the Burn Wounds in Baghdad City
Authors: Al Jubori Muna Hamudi
Published: May 2021

This study included 150 swabs were taken from patients was sufferingfrom different burns. The most common fungi isolated from burn wound wereAspergillus spp. (44.0%) at 37o and (38.17%) at 25o which include Aspergillusniger (9.31%) at 37o and (12.42%) at 25o , Aspergillus fumigatus (4.34%) at 37oand (10.55%) at 25o and Aspergillus flavus (0%) at 37o and (9.93%) at 25o ,followed by Candida spp. (7.45%) at 37o and (7.45%) at 25o, Which includesBlastomyces dermatitidis (0.62%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o, Helminthosporum(0%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o, Trichophyton terrestre (0%) at 37o and (0.62%)at 25o and Microsporum ajelloi (0%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o.The results ofminimal inhibitory concentration of anti fungal agents against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata , Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis, Penicillium(1.66%) at 37o and (9.31%) at 25o, Alternaria (1.24%) at 37o and (3.72%) at 25o,Rhizopus (1.24%) at 37o and (2.48%) at 25o, Fusarium (1.24%) at 37o and(1.24%) at 25o, Mucor (0.62%) at 37o and (1.86%) at 25o, CladosporiumCarnoni (0%) at 37o and (1.86%) at 25o, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.92%) at37o and (1.24%) at 25o, Trichophyton rubrum (0%) at 37o and (1.24%) at 25o,Trichophyton verrucosum (0.62%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o, Candida albicansincreasing in order as 50  g /ml to Nystatin, 150 g /ml to Gention violet, 250 g /ml to Amphotericin–B, 300 g /ml to Clotrimazol, 950 g /ml to Benzoicacid and the later 1000  g /ml to copper Sulfate and Malachite green.
Comparative Study Between Different Methods of Insemination in Iraqi Does
Authors: AL-Mutar HA .
Published: May 2021

Present experimental was carried out on 22 does 2-4 years old. The aim was to induction of estrous in non-breeding season using impregnated sponge with 20 mg of medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) for 13 days and with an i/m injection of 500 IU Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) hormone 24 hrs before sponge withdrawal and to compare the pregnancy rate using three different methods of insemination; natural , cervical and laparoscopic artificial insemination at fixed time 24-48 hrs after estrous onset. All does were showed signs of estrous (100%), the estrous time was 46.9±4.90hrs (24-60hrs) after sponge withdrawal. While estrous length was 37.09±1.91 (24–72hrs). All experimental animals followed up by abdominal palpation, ultrasonography at 30, 60 and 90 days post-insemination, while the laparoscopic examination was performed at day 30 post-insemination, to improve the efficiently of the different methods of inseminations in pregnancy rate ultrasonographical diagnosed by rectal and abdominal methods of 14 does post-inseminations appeared that two were pregnant, seven suspected and five non pregnant. At day 60th , post-insemination the pregnancy diagnosis of (22) does appeared that (14) were pregnant, six suspected and two non pregnant. While at day 90, the examination of all does appeared that (16) animals were pregnant and six were not. The laparoscopic examination, at 30 days post-insemination showed that eight does were pregnant, two suspected and two were not pregnant. In conclusion that the pregnancy rate of laparoscopic insemination is (75%), comparisons to natural (66.7%) and cervical AI method (75%) but there is no significant different between them, while the kidding percentage was appear in natural insemination (75%), cervical (100%) and laparoscopic insemination (150%). The results of this study indicate that estrus can be efficiently induced in female goats during non-breeding season using 20mg MPA impregnated spongewith 500IU PMSG.
Concentrations of Some Minerals According to Body Condition in Local Sheep
Authors: Al-Judi M H .
Published: May 2021

Calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations were estimated in 150 sheep in Baghdad classified according to body condition toemaciated, weamediu and fat sheep. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride in emaciated sheep were 1.88, 0.896, 1.5, 9.11, 9.04, 4.60 and 86.28 mmol/L , in weak sheep were 1.88,.876,1.34,124.11,4.89,and 95.95 mmol/L ,in medium sheep were 2.09,.986,2.10,150.57,5.25,and 105.21 ,and in fat sheep were 2.14 , 9.21, 1.93, 150.33, 4.83 and 100.63 with significant difference (P<0.05) between mineral concentrations of emaciated, weak, medium and fat sheep.
The effect of using Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or parsley seeds (petroselinum sativum) on some of physiologically traits of black
Authors: Dakheel Mohammed M.
Published: May 2021

The study was aimed to know the effect of adding 3% of grind zingiber officinale or 8% ofpetroselinum sativum seeds in the concentrate diet (400g/head/ daily) of the Black Iraqi Does (19does) in some physiological traits. Nineteen healthy weak-medium does were divided into threegroups, the first group of 6 does fed concentrate diet containing zingiber, while in the secondgroup (6) does were fed on a diet containing 8% grind petroselinum sativum seeds, however, theother does kept as control group and fed the concentrate diet free of the herbal medical additivesduring mid December 2009 up to end of May 2010. The results revealed that group, The first andsecond groups were highly significant (p>0.05) in their Hb and PCV during the late months ofthe study, also both feed additives caused significant (p>0.05) increase in WBCs, lymphocyte andmonocytes ratio, while they caused significant decrease in neutrophils compared with the controlgroup. The total serum protein and albumin of Animals of both groups fed herbal medicine werehighly significant (p>0.05) in comparing with the control group. While the globulin level was notaffected, also blood sugar of both groups fed zingiber or petroselinum seeds showed significant(p> 0.05) lower levels during the late months of the study.
Physicochemical and bacteriological study of imported beef luncheon meat in Baghdad city
Authors: Al-Obaidi Dahfier Abid Ali
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out at the College of VeterinaryMedicine, University of Baghdad,for two months, to study the beef luncheon meat in Baghdad city by evalutuation somePhysicochemical and bacteriological features the obtained data revealed the following results:Physicochemical indicated that myoglobin concentration, was low for all sample of meat withno significant differences in marks which were 163.3 – 178.7 mg/100g meat. Total volatilenitrogen (TVN) values were more the allowance limits especially in food and mark whichwere 20.4mgN/100g meat with no significant differences in marks. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA)values and Free Fatty acid (FFA) percentages were withen the allowance limits in all marks.Bacteriological results indicated that total Bacterial count (TPC) were low of meat samplewhich were140 - 220 cfu /g, with significant differences (P<0.05) in Marks. The total coliformcount were less than allowance limits, were the same with Anaerobic total Bacterial count(A.T.P.C.) which Were 3 - 41cfu/g and30 – 260 cfu/g with significant differences (P<0.05) inmarks. The results indicated that beef luncheon was low in some Physicochemicalespecially in food land mark. Therefore it is necessary to make Evaluation cautiously of theimported meats and meat processing to safe public health.
Isolate some external parasites in some types of family Columbidae in the city of Baghdad
Authors: Abdul-Karim Suha Tariq
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to isolation and diagnose types of external parasites anddiagnosis in some family members Columbidae and seasonal distribution of theseparasites and the effect of temperature and humidity on the different infection rates are alsoexamining the relationship of sex and incidence of external parasitesStudy was conducted to detect parasitic infections in some types of foreign familyerythematosus where The results revealed that infestation of pigeons with one type of fliesPseudolynchia canariensis with total infestation rate was 3.33%, the highest infestation ratewas in March (13.04%) and the lowest infestation rate was in December (3.12%), this recordis consider a first record in Baghdad.The results revealed that the pigeons were infested with two Lice species, Columbicolacolumbae and Campanulotes bidentatus caompare in a rate 44.66%, 1.66% respectively withtotal rate 46.33%, the highest infestation rate was 68.57% in December and the lowest rate16.66% in August lowest was in August 15.38%, without any significant differencesrecorded.Diagnoses of one type of soft tick Argas persicus that taken from pigeon nests whichchecked – up with total rate was 35.71% (infestation with nymphs and adults) and the peakinfestation recorded in May 100% and the lowest was in March and July at a rate of 33.33%.The total rate for infestation of pigeon with larvae of tick was 2.33% and the highestinfestation was 8.33% in May and the lowest rate 2.43% in April.
Extraction and Titration of Leukotoxins from Fusobacterium necrophorum Isolates Recovered from Bovine Liver Abscesses in Sulaimaniyah Region
Authors: Hussein Suha Ali
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to extract and titrate the leukotoxin of Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates recovered from 75abscesses found in 24 livers of slaughtered cattle in Sulaimaniyah region. The culture supernatants of these isolates were subjected to the tetrazolium dye reduction test which revealed that the leukotoxin titer values of 34 F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum isolates ranged from 128 to 1024 (with a leukotoxin titer mean of 516±46), whereas the leukotoxin titer values of the 11 F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme isolates ranged from 0 to 128 (with a leukotoxin titer mean of 73±12).
Some Hematological and Histological Impact of sub-acute exposure to Mono Sodium Glutamate in Mice
Authors: Ibrahim Orooba M.S.
Published: May 2021

Mono Sodium Glutamate (MSG) is a food additive commonly consumed as a flavor enhancer. However, both animal models and human clinical reports have established its harmful effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of MSG consumption on some hematological parameters and histological sections of brain, small intestine, liver and testis tissues of Swiss Albino mice. Albino mice (n=15) of average weight 27.4gm were randomly assigned into three groups A, B and C in each group (n=5). Treatment groups (A & B) were given 3g and 6g per Kg of body weight of MSG (amount of MSG in a single sachet consumed by human is 3g) respectively. The mice were sacrificed on day fifteenth of the experiment. Brain, small intestine, liver and testis were carefully dissected out and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for routine histological procedure. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological parameters. Histological findings of small intestine in the treated groups showed evidence of cellular hypertrophy and increased number of goblet cells. Large nuclei with multi nucleoli were seen in liver sections, while prevascular and preneuronal edema were seen in brain sections and thickening of basement membrane of semineferons tubules. Vacuolation of spermatogonia were seen in testicular tissue sections. Blood analysis showed a significant increase at P>0.01 in lymphocytes count compared to the control which can be considered indication of a compromised immune status and poisoning in the treated animals. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells count (RBCs) were all indicative of an anemic condition in the treated animals. Significant increase in body weight at P>0.01 was seen in both treatment groups (A & B). All above findings indicate that MSG has some deleterious effects on some hematological parameters and caused histological changes of examined organs as well as on body weight. It is recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these findings to be carried out.
The Protective Role of crude Polyphenolic Compounds Extracted from black Olive fruit (Oleaeuropae ) on Liver Functions in Males Rats Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Alol Layla Hashim
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the protective role of polyphenolic compounds extracted from olive (Oleaeuropae) to contrast the damaging effects of 1% hydrogen peroxide on liver functions in male rats. Crude polyphenolic compounds were extracted from fruits of black olive by 95% methanolic extraction method. Twenty adult male rats (200-220gm.) were randomly divided into four equals groups and treated daily for 30 days. Rats in the first group received tap water (orally)and considered as control group, animals of second group received 1% H2O2 in drinking water . The rats in the third group received 1% H2O2 in drinking water plus 200mg/kgB.W. of crude polyphenolic compounds while animals in the fourth group received 200mg/kg B.W. of crude polyphenoliccompounds. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken to investigate the activity of liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), concentration of total serum bilirubin, as well as protein picture of blood serum by using agarose gel electrophoresis. Ultimately, animals of all groups were sacrified to examine the histopathological changes in liver. The results illustrated significant increase (P<0.05) in liver enzymes activity (AST,ALT) and total serum bilirubin in H2O2 treated group as compared with control. Although rats treated polyphenolic compounds of olive plus H2O2 showed significant decrement (P<0.05) in ALT activity and total serum bilirubin, while no significant alteration in (AST) activity was recorded in H2O2 treated group. The result also demonstrated significant decrease (P<0.05) in authority of ALT, total serum bilirubin in animals treated with polyphenolic compounds. Serum proteins showed a significant (P<0.05) decreament of albumin percentage and increment of globulins in H2O2 treated group as well as polyphenolic compounds treated group as compared with control group (G1) . However, no significant different in group treated with polyphenolic compounds as compared with control. Histological sections of liver illustrated clear impact of group treated with H2O2, manifested by necrosis of hepatic cells with infiltration of inflammatory cells while animals treated with polyphenolic compounds plus H2O2 revealed slight infiltration of inflammatory cells with proliferation of kupffer cells in liver. In infereance, the autcomes of this study documented the advantageous effect of crude polyphenolic compounds of olive apposite the noxious effect of H2o2 on liver function of adult males rats.
Some biolochemical and histopathological effects of different oral doses Ochratoxin A in male rats
Authors: Abbas Duraid A.
Published: May 2021

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Ochratoxin A (OTA) on the serum activity of AST, ALT and ALP, Glutathione (GSH) and liver, kidney and spleen histopathology .Twenty male rats divided equally into three treated groups dosed orally and daily with OTA doses (70, 140 and 210 μg/kg) for 20 day representing T1, T2 and T3 groups and the fourth group dosed daily with distilled water considered as control one. Biochemical result showed elevation in AST and ALT activity and decrease in ALP enzyme activity and GSH serum concentration of treated serum groups at 10 and 20 days of exposure to ochratoxin A these changes positively were proportional with increase OTA doses (dose dependent). Histopathological changes were noticed in liver, kidney and spleen of all treated groups including (necrosis, congestion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and vacuolation of cytoplasm). The severities of these lesions are in dose dependent manner.
Some blood values in cows diagnosed clinically as ephemeral fever
Authors: H. Jameel G.
Published: May 2021

Sixty cows were included in this study which was conducted in Baquba for the period from April 2011 to October 2011. They were clinically diagnosed as having bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) infection. Blood samples were collected from infected cows before, after treatment, and after recovery. Additionally, 30 healthy cows were included as control group. Sera were separated and submitted for the determination of phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol and pH levels. Statistical analysis of biochemical values revealed significant decrease in serum cholesterol levels in infected cows as compared to control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the diseased cows showed low levels of pH (acidosis), thus when they treated by intravenous injection of 5% sodium bicarbonate, the signs were rapidly subsided and the cows were completely recovered.
Effect of the Site of Fixation of Foley Catheter in the Cervix on the Collected Embryos in the Cow
Authors: SALEH Wafir Mahdi
Published: May 2021

Thirty six trials of flushing with riched Delbeco`s phosphate buffer media applied in this study using a plastic two ways folly catheter, introduced by metal robe inside the cervix of donor cows and by air bubble fixed it in the cervical canal in 3 positions, one near the cervico-vaginal opening or at the first third of the cervical canal, the 2nd one at the middle third of the cervical canal and the 3rd one near the utero-cervical opening or at the last third of the cervical canal. The process of flushing was carried out after the fixation of the folly catheter in the three sites and the number of embryos collected by each collection site.The results showed that the number of embryos detected in the third method where the fixation was in the last 3rd of cervix relatively more than the other two sites.The study showed that the position and the fixation of the folly catheter in the last 3rd of the cervical canal and toward the utero-cervical opening gave more number of embryos than the two other sites upon the process of flushing and collection of embryos.
Spermatogenesis and spermiogenisis in the testes of local Iraqi breed cat (Felis catus)
Authors: S. AL-Samarrae N.
Published: May 2021

The seminiferous epithelium of the testes of cat consists of two groups of cells; Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells. The interstitial areas are filled with Leydic cells, blood and lymph vessels, and connective tissue. Germ cells in the Spermatogenic process of the testis of cat can be classified into ten steps, based on the pattern degree of nuclear chromatin condensation. Primary spermatogonia contain large spherical nuclei with mostly euchromatin. Spermatogonia proliferate to give rise to spermatogonia type –A; Intermediate or type-I spermatogonia, and spermatogonia type-B. Type–B spermatogonia yield primary spermatocyte at the end of mitosis. The primary spermatocyte is transformed into secondary spermatocyte during meiosis I. These cells are converted into spermatid during meiosis II. Metamorphosis of spermatids shows: Golgi step, Cap step, Acrosomal step, Maturation step.
Isolation and identification of Bacillus subtilus as) probiotic ) from intestinal microflora of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Faragi Jamal K.H.
Published: May 2021

The presence of Bacillus species Were investigated in the intestine of 50 fish specimens common carp Cyprinus carpio weigh range between 1400-1500g in weigh were obtained from commercial farms in north of Baghdad through period of September to December 2010.The result revealed presence of gram positive, rod shape bacteria grow in the mesosphilic temperature range. The optimal temperature was 25-35C° facultative aerobes and produce catalase an enzyme. The bacterial antagonist activity was tested with fish culture pathogenic bacteria. The modified antagonistic method results showed that Bacillus subtilus could inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila after 24 hours. The highest level of antibacterial substances of this bacillus was produced in 48 hours. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the Bacillus spp. and study its efficacy as probiotic against A. hydrophila in a fish culture.
Evaluate the effect of different doses for grape seed extract in mice
Authors: AL.Jeboory, Sanaa Kudair A .
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses for grape seedsextract in internal organs of mice. Histopathological, cytogentical and haematologicalstudies were done to evaluate this effect. The study was done on (24) mice divided into fourgroups (6/group) for one month. Group one treated with PBS considered as controlNegative, Group two treated with (100mg/kg B.W.) of grape seed extract, Group threetreated with (200mg/kg B.W.) of grape seed extract, Group four treated with (300mg/kgB.W.) of grape seed extract. The results showed that (200, 300mg/kg B.W.) causesignificant decrease in hematological, cytogentical parameters and severe histopathologicalchanges while at dose (100mg/kg B.W.) induce immune pathological response organ withamelioration of haematological and cytogentical parameters. In conclusion the effect ofgrape seed extract was dose dependent that more severe toxicopathological changesappeared in haemtological, cytogentical and histopathological results at doses (200 and300mg/kg B.W.) while at dose ( 100mg/kg B.W.) induce immunopathological responseinternal organs with amelioration of haematological and cytogentical parameters.
Biological activity of local honey bees in growth of some gram positive and negative bacteria
Authors: G. Al-Mohana A.M.
Published: May 2021

The local study was targeting to investigate the biological antibacterial activity for gradiate concentrations of a local honey bees (125,250, 375 and 500 mg/ml) were tested for five type of bacteria, two of which are gram positive (staphylococcusaureus , streptococcus spp.) and three of them were negative bacteria ( Esherichia coli , salmonella spp. , pseudomonas aeruginosa) by using agar well diffusion method and tube dilution method.The results of agar well diffusion method showed that the bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus Spp. were the most sensitive to honey dilutions, while E.coli ,Salmonella Spp. showed moderate sensitivity . Pseudomonas aeruginosadid not show any sensitivity. The result also showed that the temperature of incubation temperature of culture media (25and 37 C) had a marked effect on the result of local study, outperformed of diameters of growth inhibition in the cultures that were incubated at 25 C in most of the result recorded.The result of the tube dilution method, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was ( 8 , 8 , 125 and 64) mg/ml for the growth of S.aureus , Streptococcus , E.coli and salmonella respectively , while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for bacteria mentioned were (32 , 64 , 250 and 250) mg/ml respectively for tubes that incubated at 25 C while tubes which incubated at 37 C MIC recorded (8 , 8 , 125 and 250) mg/ml while MBC were ( 32 , 64 , 125 and 250) mg/ml respectively.
Detection of Sarcocystosis in some wild birds
Authors: Faraj Azhar A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence of macroscopic sarcocystosis of 480 wild birds ( 82 Pygmy cormorant, 34 Black Stork, 99Common Gull,74 little Egret, 91Raven and 100 Mallard) were hunted from October 2009 to September 2010 in Al Rashdia areae /Baghdad . The macroscopic infection total was 9.58%. it was regarded to monthly variation. It was 27.5% in February and 2.5% in August. The highest infection rate was in the thorax muscles (6.2%) and the lowest in the neck muscles (1.6%), Also the macroscopic infection rate was higher (13.5%) in males than females (5%).
Epidemiological study of Setaria equina infection in donkeys
Authors: AL-Azawi Athmar K.
Published: May 2021

Autopsy study of 218 (106 male and 112 female) animals slaughtered in Baghdad ( Al-ZAWRA ) Zoo, of central Iraq (Diyala, Wasit, Baghdad) .The total infection rate of Setaria equina was 11.9% and the highest infection rate (22.2%) was recorded in October, where is no infection in January, February and August. It has been observed that the high infection rate (14.5%) during the months of spring and autumn (18.8%) and decrease in winter and summer 3.6% and 10%. Female donkeys with a higher proportion (13.5%) than male10.3% respectively differences ( P < 0.05 ).Worm intensity ranged between 1-6 worm and was shown high worm burden in Autumn and Spring fallowed by Summer and finally Winter seasons, which no infection was recorded in some months of it
Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite in Drinking Water on Blood Serum Albumins and Globulins of Broilers
Authors: Al-Hemairi Atika A. R.
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (sodium dichloro iso cyanurate) in the drinking water on the percentages of serum proteins of broilers chicks at 4 and 7 weeks of age. Two hundred forty Hubbard chicks one day – old aged were divided randomly into four equal groups, each group was divided into two replicate. The four groups were as follows: Treatment 1: Adding 6.68 mg /liter water of sodium dichloro iso cyanurate to drinking water. Treatment 2: Adding 13.36 mg /liter water of sodium dichloro iso cyanurate to drinking water. Treatment 3: Adding 20.04 mg /liter water of sodium dichloro iso cyanurate to drinking water. Treatment 4: Supplying water without any additive (control 1). The results revealed that: Adding sodium dichloro iso cyanurate (T1, T2 and T3) increased significantly (P<0.05) broilers blood serum albumin ,total albumins , - globulin and total globulins at 4 and 7 weeks of age, in the same time no differences appeared in the others compared with control group . this indicated of the importance of adding sodium dichloro iso cyanurate to enhance broilers health.
Effect of Bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) Plant Extracts as Anti-Oxidant on Crud Sun flower Oil
Authors: Ajeena Saba J.
Published: May 2021

This investigation was carried out to study the Bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) and extracted three types of Aqueous, Ethanolic alcohol, Essential oil extracts of leaf plant powder study. The performance of extracts as anti-oxidant agent were evaluated by estimate the value of Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) of sunflower oil to these extracts in concentrate% 0.04 and %0.02 compared with commercial antioxidant BHA (Butylated hydroxyl anisole) and BHT (Butylated hydroxyl toluene) in concentrate % 0.02 , in addition to the control sample (of crude sunflower oil without any additives) during 16 days storage at 60 C. The results showed an increase in the TBA values in sunflower oil, crude and stored in during storage at 16 days in 60 C. Some extracts laurels showed high anti-oxidant activity and more than commercial antioxidants (BHT) and (BHA). The results of the TBA transactions for crude extracts of plant concentration% 0.04 most efficient overall transactions in concentration % 0.02, aqueous extract of bay leaves in the concentration of % 0.04 showed high activity asan antioxidant with 2.88 mg Malonaldehyde / kg oil TBA value in the 16th and the last day of storage time in 60 C, while the TBA values of the rest of the coefficients of crude sunflower oil translate with plant extract :essential oil ethanolic alcohol and water extract in the concentration of 0.02% were 4.04, 3.39, 3.12 mg Malonaldehyde / kg oil, and in the concentration of 0.04% for essential oil ethanolic alcohol treatment were 4.01 and 2.29 mg Malonaldehyde / kg oil , respectively in the last day of storage, either control and commercial antioxidants BHA and BHT reached TBA values of crude oil 6.88, 3.16 and 3.50 mg Malonaldehyde/kg oil, respectively, in the same day of storage. Was estimated as the content of plant nutrients and mineral major and minor, were detected. Chemical quality of the active chemical compounds of plant leaves, which included tannin, Alclaicosadat, Alsabonyat, resins, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids were evaluate to.
Study the Anatomical Descriptions and Histological Observations of the Kidney in Golden Eagles (Aquila Chrysaetos)
Authors: Abood AL-Agele Ramzi Abdul ghafoor
Published: May 2021

The present study is preliminary investigate of the kidney gross morphology and some histological observations was studied in golden eagle (Aquila Chrysaetus). The anatomical descriptions of the kidneys had revealed a paired kidney and ureters were protrude, flattened and extra-peritoneal organs. The kidney tissue is transverse by major nerve trunks and blood vessels, securing the kidneys tightly in place. Each kidney consists of three lobes: cranial, middle and caudal lobes. The cranial lobe was the largest and wider than the other two lobes and the caudal lobe was appeared similar to middle lobe but little smaller than it. There is no line of demarcation between cortex and medulla as in mammals. The glomerulus consisted of a tightly packed central core of mesangial cells, surrounded by capillary loops. The cytoplasm of the proximal convoluted tubules cells contains condensing vesicles and a large apically situated nucleus. The distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts were distinguished on a topographical basis revealed that varied slightly in their reactions with PAS stain and appeared as vacuoles or look like vesicles contains secretion from lining epithelial cells of distal convoluted and collecting tubules which appeared diffused in cross section. The cells of distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules possessed vesicles with a clearly defined coated outer membrane and some had small blebs invaginated membrane. However in this study found vesicles or vacuoles in the lumen of collecting tubules revealed the secreting cells had margins that were often incompletely membrane –bound and continuous with the apical cell margin as if discharging their contents to the tubular lumen.
The effect of some environmental factors that affecting daily milk yield of Iraqi buffaloes in Ninewah
Authors: Avadesian Garabed A.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out on the local buffalo in Ninewah, data were collected from154 buffalo in two herds during the period 1/7/2010 until 18/7/2010 in which milk collected daily in sequence ( 1st day , 5th day , 9th day , 13th day and 17th day ) and recording maximum and minimum temperature .Data were analyzed using general linear model ( GLM) within SAS program to study the fixed effects ( parity , herd , stage of lactation and test day ) , and regression coefficient with heritability . Overall average daily milk yield was 9.69 ± 0.12 kg and it appeared that parity , herd and stage of lactation has a highly significant effects in daily milk yield , while test day recorded no significant effect in the above . Minimum temperatures ranged (23.5 – 27.5 °C) and maximum was (41.8 – 45.6 °C). Regression coefficient for daily milk yield on maximum temperature was -0.259 kg / °C on (P > 0.01) and for minimum was 0.0325 kg / °C and this was non - significant, while the prediction equation (ŷ) was:Y^ (max) = 21.121 – 0.259 (X1)Y^ (min) = 8.863 + 0.0325 (X2)The heritability estimate for daily milk yield was ranged between (0.17 – 0.21) for the test day (recording day) , it was concluded that from this a number of fixed effects , and yield was decreased significantly with rising in ambient temperature and the estimates of heritability for daily milk yield belonged to test day was rather low.
Formulation of Ivermectin 1% Injectable Solution for Veterinary Use
Authors: Abbas Duraid A.
Published: May 2021

New formulation of Ivermectin 1% injectable solution was prepared for Veterinary therapeutic use. Information about all the materials used in preparation of formula were collected from the pharmacopeia while analar material were provided and used to prepare about three pilot formulae, from which the final one was prepared. Stability of new formula was tested in different room environmental conditions by comparing any change in physicochemical properties concerning form, color, transparency, pH in different storage room temperatures for 20 months. The results of testing the formula both in-vitro against parasitic larvae motility and parasitic infection in diseased cattle and sheep indicating its efficiency as well as its chemical analysis, that indicate nearly no change in its concentrations for almost two years analysis. This formula was approved by I.V.S.C. as a drug for veterinary therapeutic uses after passing all testing schedule. A certificate for such was provided
تأثيرالقلويدات والكلايكوسيدات المستخلصة من نبات الطرطيع على نمو Shanginia Aegyptiaca Lashmania Majorبروماستكوت اللشمانيا الجلدية
Authors: فليح حنان حسن
Published: May 2021

من اوراق نبات الطرطيع glycosides والكلايكوسيدات alkaloidsتم استخلاص القلويدات schanginia حيث استخدمت التراكيز التالية Lashmania major ودراسة تأثيرها على نمو بروماستكوت اللشمانيا الجلدية aegyptiaca ملغم/مل ) لكل من القلويدات والكلايكوسيدات فأظهرت النتائج ان القلويدات المستخلصة من نبات 25 , 10 , 5 , 1 , 0.1 ( للشمانيا الجلدية promastigote ملغم/مل) ذات تأثير فعال أقوى على نمو الشكل المسوط الأولي 5الطرطيع بتركيز ( %( صفرا بعد أربعة أيام من التنمية وبينت الكلايكوسيدات GI حيث بلغت النسبة المئوية لعامل النمو ( Lashmania major المستخلصة من اوراق نبات الطرطيع عند التركيز ( ملغم/مل) تأثيرا فعالا على نمو بروماستكوت اللشمانية الجلدية حيث 25و 10 %( صفرا بعد خمسة أيام من التنمية . GIبلغت النسبة المئوية لعامل النمو (