bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La autolesión no suicida, ¿un trastorno en sí o síntoma de otros trastornos?
Authors: González Rodríguez Pedronel
Published: November 2018

La presente investigación de diseño cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y de correlación, con un muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados, se realizó en San Pedro Sula, Cortés, Honduras, donde fueron encuestados 437 alumnos de colegios bilingües, usando la Escala de Pensamientos y Conductas Auto Lesivas (EPCA). Del total de evaluados, 141 alumnos refirieron que alguna vez habían pensado hacerse daño a sí mismo, pero sin tener intención de morir; dentro de este grupo, 120 de ellos manifestaron haberse autolesionado alguna vez, sin intención de suicidarse; de estos 120 alumnos, 40 fueron evaluados individualmente con el M.I.N.I Kid, previo la autorización de sus padres, por ser menores de edad. Se concluyó que la autolesión no suicida no es un trastorno en sí mismo, sino que está asociada a diferentes trastornos mentales, dentro de los que sobresalen: episodio hipomaníaco (42.5%), trastorno negativista desafiante (27.5%), trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (25%), trastorno de angustia de por vida (22.5%), trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad combinado (17.5%), trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (17.5%), trastorno distímico actual (15%), fobia social (15%), episodio depresivo mayor (12.5%), trastorno por estrés postraumático (12.5%), fobia específica actual (12.5%), trastorno de angustia con agorofobia actual (7.5%), agorofobia actual sin historial de trastorno de angustia (7.5%), trastorno de la conducta disocial (7.5%), trastorno de angustia actual (5%), dependencia de alcohol actual (5%), bulimia nerviosa actual (5%), dependencia de drogas (2.5%), trastorno de la Tourrette (2.5%) y trastorno de tic motor crónico (2.5%)Revista ciencia, cultura y sociedad Vol. 4 No. 2 julio-diciembre 2017; 14-23
Los países en desarrollo en el régimen multilateral de comercio
Authors: Núñez Jaramillo Magdalena María
Published: November 2018

La Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC) es la institución que ejecuta el régimen internacional del comercio que se configuró luego de finalizada la Segunda Guerra Mundial como uno de los mecanismos para crear las condiciones económicas y políticas que permitan evitar futuros enfrentamientos. Los países en desarrollo enfrentaron varias limitaciones al inicio del GATT y paulatinamente fueron consiguiendo importantes conquistas que les permitieron participar en el sistema multilateral de comercio de manera más justa y equitativa. El Trato Especial y Diferenciado (TED) y el Sistema Generalizado de Preferencias (SGP), amparados por la Cláusula de Habilitación, fueron los avances más importantes conseguidos por los países en desarrollo en el marco del GATT. Con la creación de la OMC, dichas conquistas se fueron consolidando e institucionalizando. La denominada Ronda de Doha para el Desarrollo, que inició en 2001, incorporó varias iniciativas positivas para los países en desarrollo y fortaleció el TED. Desafortunadamente, dicha ronda de negociaciones presenta un estancamiento desde hace varios años, lo que ha incidido en la proliferación de acuerdos comerciales bilaterales, regionales e interregionales que bien podrían mermar al sistema multilateral de comercio. Los países desarrollados han expresado su interés para que las negociaciones en la Ronda de Doha terminen por la falta de consenso y, en su lugar, se aborden nuevos temas en la agenda multilateral que respondan a las necesidades del mundo actual. Esto podría significar un importante retroceso en la participación de los países en desarrollo en el régimen multilateral de comercio.Revista ciencia, cultura y sociedad Vol. 4 No. 2 julio-diciembre 2017; 42-53
Leituras de um Brasil em mudança: cientistas sociais, conjuntura política e a democracia brasileira
Authors: Perlatto Fernando , Sousa Diogo Tourino de
Published: November 2018

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre o “retorno” do interesse dos cientistas sociais brasileiros pelas análises de conjuntura ocorrido nos últimos anos. Busca-se, em um primeiro momento, examinar as características que definem uma análise de conjuntura. Em seguida, objetiva-se analisar de que maneira as ciências sociais brasileiras – em especial, a sociologia e a ciência política – historicamente interpretaram as análises de conjuntura, com o intuito de demonstrar o distanciamento que ocorreu, ao longo das décadas de 1990 e 2000, em relação a este tipo de abordagem. Por fim, busca-se analisar o “retorno” do interesse dos cientistas sociais pelas análises de conjuntura, relacionando este movimento às transformações e às crises políticas e sociais que ocorreram no país ao longo dos últimos anos.
Religião, esfera pública e o problema político: uma contribuição Habermasiana
Authors: Morais Edson Elias , Poker José G. A. B.
Published: November 2018

O trabalho apresenta, sumariamente, as reflexões de Habermas sobre o papel da religião no debate político na esfera pública. A partir de sua compreensão acerca da democracia deliberativa, Habermas propõe uma reflexão sobre a legitimidade e a importância do diálogo entre crentes e não-crentes sobre assuntos de interesse público, visto que as verdades religiosas podem contribuir como complemento para a razão e, com isso, fortalecer a democracia e auxiliar nas decisões políticas. Busca-se demonstrar, em linhas gerais, a relação entre religião e sociedade e suas implicações políticas para o debate na atualidade.
Dinâmicas dos movimentos sociais: reflexões sobre cultura e oportunidades políticas
Authors: Moura Joana Tereza Vaz
Published: November 2018

Propomos, nesse texto, refletir sobre as dinâmicas dos movimentos sociais contemporâneos a partir das análises e discussões sobre a abordagem culturalista e a perspectiva dos processos políticos. Para além das dicotomias entre as duas abordagens, buscamos trazer para o debate as possibilidades de explicação das estratégias utilizadas pelos movimentos sociais nos últimos anos no Brasil. Destacamos que reafirmar identidades possibilitou incluir demandas na agenda pública, assim como o contexto político, de maior permeabilidade do Estado, criou oportunidades políticas que foram apropriadas pelos movimentos sociais.
New Ostrowski and Ostrowski-Gruss type inequalities for double integrals on time scales involving a combination of $\Delta$-integral means
Authors: Kermausuor Seth , Nwaeze Eze Raymond
Published: November 2018

In 2014, some Ostrowski type inequalities for functions of a single variable were obtained in [Y. Jiang, H. R\"uzgar, W. J. Liu and A. Tuna: Some new generalizations of Ostrowski type inequalities on time scales involving combination of $\Delta$-integral means, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., {\bf{7}} (2014), 311--324]. In this paper, we extend some of the inequalities obtained in the above paper for double integrals. One of our results generalizes a result in the article [W. J. Liu, Q. A. Ng\^o and W. Chen: On new Ostrowski type inequalities for double integrals on time scales, Dyn. Syst. Appl., {\bf 19} (2010), 189--198]. We also apply our results to the continuous, discrete and quantum time scales to obtain some interesting inequalities.
A link between harmonicity of 2-distance functions and incompressibility of canonical vector fields
Authors: Chen Bang-Yen
Published: November 2018

Let $M$ be a Riemannian submanifold of a Riemannian manifold $\tilde M$ equipped with a concurrent vector field $\tilde Z$. Let $Z$ denote the restriction of $\tilde Z$ along $M$ and let $Z^T$ be the tangential component of $Z$ on $M$, called the canonical vector field of $M$. The 2-distance function $\delta^2_Z$ of $M$ (associated with $Z$) is defined by $\delta^2_Z=\$. In this article, we initiate the study of submanifolds $M$ of $\tilde M$ with incompressible canonical vector field $Z^T$ arisen from a concurrent vector field $\tilde Z$ on the ambient space $\tilde M$. First, we derive some necessary and sufficient conditions for such canonical vector fields to be incompressible. In particular, we prove that the 2-distance function $\delta^2_Z$ is harmonic if and only if the canonical vector field $Z^T$ on $M$ is an incompressible vector field. Then we provide some applications of our main results.
Animal model investigation suggests betamethasone alters the pharmacokinetics of amikacin
Authors: Amponsah Seth Kwabena , Opuni Kwabena Frimpong-Manso , Donkor Ama Asiedua
Published: November 2018

Corticosteroids, such as betamethasone, are sometimes administered to women who are at risk of pre-term delivery. These corticosteroids cross the placenta to the fetus and decrease respiratory distress syndrome in preterm newborns. Preterm newborns are often susceptible to infections partly due to their immature immune system. Amikacin is one of the aminoglycosides used in the treatment of newborn infections. There is, however, a dearth of information on the effect of prenatal corticosteroids on the disposition of aminoglycosides administered to newborns days later. We evaluated the effect of pre-administration of betamethasone on the disposition of amikacin, 72 h after last dose of betamethasone, using an animal model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of rats administered betamethasone followed by amikacin vis-a-vis rats administered saline followed by amikacin were as follows: Cmax; 16.6 μmol L-1 vs. 31.4 μmol L-1, AUC0→8; 26.8 μmol h L-1 vs. 153.5 μmol h L-1, Ke; 0.26 h-1 vs. 0.18 h-1, and t1/2; 2.6 h vs. 3.9 h, respectively. About a 1.5-fold increase in the elimination of amikacin was observed in the Sprague-Dawley rats pre-treated with betamethasone compared with those pre-treated with saline. This ultimately led to differences in the other pharmacokinetic parameters amongst the two groups of rats. Although an animal model investigation showed some level of interaction, a follow-up study in preterm newborns where possible interaction of the two drugs is studied later than Day 1, is recommended.
“Reading for pleasure, reading for understanding: Reading and metacognition in the English language classroom”
Authors: Ekstam Jane M. , Knutsen Karen Sue Patrick
Published: November 2018

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Rom og reiser i RLE Innspill til pluralistisk og gjestfri RLE-didaktikk
Authors: Nicolaisen Tove
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccording to the curriculum the Norwegian religious education subject should be «objective, critical and pluralistic» (Curriculum for Religion, Philosophies of Life and Ethics 2008). In spite of this, normality constructs in RE can lead to othering and exoticism. This article discusses pluralistic RE. It is based on findings from the PhD project «Hindu children in Religious Education in Norway. Agency, othering and constructs of normality». The findings from the project provide specific knowledge of Hindu children’s experiences with RE in Norway. This knowledge has raised critical questions about normality constructs and also laid the groundwork for a larger discussion of issues related to children and RE more generally. This article focuses on certain aspects of pluralistic RE: how to develop a pluralistic and hospitable RE and to avoid othering and exoticism, using examples about iconography, religious practice and the significance of space.Keywords: Pluralistic RE • Hindu children • normality constructs • spatial turn • hospitality • dialogue • visual cultureNøkkelord: Pluralistisk RLE-didaktikk • Hindubarn • Normalitetskonstruksjoner • Den romlige vendingen • Gjestfrihet • Dialog • Visuell kultur
Barns tro og lek i sanden – dialog i og rundt sandkassen
Authors: Ims Steinar
Published: November 2018

Artikkelen er et bidrag til å reflektere teologisk og religionsteologisk om spillerommet barna får i utviklingen av tro og identitet. Med utgangspunkt i tros- og livssynsmangfoldet i barnehagene, argumenterer jeg for viktigheten av opplæring i dialog som metode for barna. Dialogen er et verktøy for å håndtere forholdet mellom det enkelte barns trostilhørighet og et konstruktivt tros- og livssynsmangfold. Dette er et nybrottsarbeid som særlig pedagoger i barnehagene må ta ansvar for. Det er dessverre ennå en stor mangel på kunnskap om og erfaring med religiøs dialog i de fleste hjemmene. Temaet er også relevant for barn i skolealder.
Endringer i forståelsen av dannelse i skolens religions- og livssynsfag Om noen utfordringer til faget i juridiske og pedagogiske/didaktiske tekster og hvordan skriving kan være med på å løse dem
Authors: Jørgensen Camilla Stabel
Published: November 2018

The article discusses changes in the interpretation of Bildung (dannelse) as it is conveyed in two pedagogical/didactical articles and through legal documents (purpose clause, curriculum) current since 1997, when the KRL-subject was first introduced in Norwegian schools. In addition to the investigation of the concept of Bildung, the terms «religionspedagogikk» and «religions- og livssynsdidaktikk» (RE pedagogy and RE didactics) are discussed (note however that the translations of these terms do not convey the associations that are evoked by the Norwegian terms). The two terms, RE pedagogy and RE didactics can be related to theological and pedagogical foundation, historical time and the theory-practice dimension, and along these lines differences in the interpretation of Bildung can be traced. From the analysis of the legal documents and the articles, two different challenges for the RE/RLE-subject emerge – challenges that can be answered through writing. In its final part the article points out how and why writing can be seen as an appropriate way to both discover one’s own thoughts and identity and to explore the views of others’.Keywords: Bildung (dannelse), religious education, pedagogy, didactics, writingNøkkelord: Dannelse, religiøs utdanning, pedagogikk, didaktikk, skriving
Hvordan lese islamske Ornamenter i skolen?
Authors: Winje Geir
Published: November 2018

This article presents various ways of symbolic reading of Islamic ornaments, derived from academic writings on the subject. They may be categorized as more or less minimalist or maximalist, depending on the degree of explicit meaning ascribed to geometric figures and stylized flowers. The different interpretations of ornamental art is then seen in connection with Religious Education in Norwegian school, and the article proposes among other things a reading in accordance with contemporary views on multimodality and composition. On a more fundamental level, the article discusses the use of religious primary sources in school, especially those representing minority religions. It argues in favour of a didactic model that differentiates between several dimensions in religious texts, spanning from concepts and values that are common to all mankind, to what is specific for the actual religion.
Bokmeldinger
Authors: Skeie Geir , Lerheim Birgitte , Jensen Roger
Published: November 2018

Geir Afdal. 2013. Religion som bevegelse. Læring, kunnskap og mediering. Oslo: UniversitetsforlagetNyhus, Kjell Arnold og Nyhus, Ole Jacob. 2013. Kristen tro – oppdatert. Kom forlag. 222 sider.
Selvmordsforebygging i akutteam ved DPS
Authors: Sørum Per Erik
Published: November 2018

Bakgrunn: Norske akutteam innen DPS benytter hovedsaklig høyskoleutdannet helsepersonell som hver dag reiser ut og møter potensielt selvmordstruede mennesker. En nasjonal klinisk retningslinje skal bidra til selvmordsforebygging og til at helsepersonell skal bli mer kompetente i håndtering av selvmordsrisiko. Hensikt: Å utvikle kunnskap om hvordan de nasjonale retningslinjene har påvirket praksis i tre DPS akutteam. Metode: Tre strukturerte kvalitative fokusgruppeintervjuer av tre ulike team ble utført for å generere data. Disse ble transkribert og analysert med systematisk tekstkondensering som er basert på fenomenologisk filosofi. Resultater: Alle teamene kartla pasienters selvmordsrisiko i tråd med retningslinjene. Det var store variasjoner mellom teamene i forhold til grad av opplæring, dokumentasjon, ledelsesforankring, veiledning fra leger og psykologer, samt sikring i forhold til at kompetansekravet til vurdering av selvmordsrisiko var vurdert og ivaretatt. Konklusjon: De nasjonale retningslinjene var implementert i ulik grad i de tre teamene. Dette kan bero på ulik grad av ledelsesforankring, men også en manglende nasjonal definisjon på hvilken reell kompetanse høyskoleutdannet helsepersonell må ha for å vurdere selvmordsrisiko. Background: Norwegian crisisresolution home teams consists of mainly college educated staff that treats potentially suicidal people. A national clinical guideline targets suicide prevention and for health professionals to become more competent in dealing with suicide risk. Purpose: To develop knowledge of how the guidelines have affected such a practice in three teams. Method: Three structured focus group interviews with three different teams were conducted to generate data. These were transcribed and analyzed using systematic text condensation which is based on phenomenological philosophy. Results: The teams screened all patients for suicide. There were large variations between teams in terms of degree of training, documentation, management support, guidance from doctors and psychologists, as well as securing that competence requirements for assessment of suicide risk was assessed and addressed. Conclusion: The national guidelines were implemented to varying degrees between the teams. This may be due to different levels of management support and lack of a national definition of what kind of competence college educated health professionals need in order to assess suicide risk.
Risk factors for suicide in the elderly: What do we know? What do we need to find out?
Authors: Wærn Margda
Published: November 2018

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Revision of a European Union Official Method to Enforce Legal Provisions: The Case of Diclazuril
Authors: Vincent Ursula , Ezerskis Zigmas , von Holst Christoph
Published: November 2018

Background: Diclazuril is a coccidiostat currently authorized as feed additive in the European Union (EU), with a legal limit set at 1 mg/kg. For official control, an official EU method based on reversed-phase HPLC coupled with UV detection at 280 nm needs to be applied. Recently, the EU Reference Laboratory for feed additives was informed that the recovery rate for diclazuril was verylow when implementing this method and performed experiments demonstrating that the indicated sorbent mass of the solid-phase extraction (SPE) was too low. Objective: Therefore, the paper presents a modified method protocol and the resultsof an interlaboratory study, performed on two compound feedingstuffs containing diclazuril around the legal limit. Methods: The officialmethod was modified by using a higher SPE sorbent mass and was further subjected to validation. Results: The obtained values for the relative standard deviation for repeatability were 4.5and 11.2%, and the corresponding values for the relative standard deviation for reproducibility were 14.3 and 18.1%; the calculated HorRat values were 0.95 and 1.14. Furthermore, acceptable mean recovery values of 98 and 111% were obtained for the two test materials, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the obtained performance profile, itwas concluded that the modified official method wasfit for purpose. In consequence, the official EU method will be corrected accordingly. Highlights: The highlights of this work are reflected by the following terms, namely Diclazuril, correction of EU official method, and interlaboratory study.
Chloride in Milk, Milk Powder, Whey Powder, Infant Formula, and Adult Nutritionals Potentiometric Titration: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2016.03
Authors: Jaudzems Greg , Zhang Fengxia , Bolong Wu , Bao Lei , Xiao Jing
Published: November 2018

Background: In September 2015, both AOAC Official Methods 2015.07and 2015.08 single-laboratory validations (SLVs) were reviewed against Standard Method Performance Requirements® (SMPR) 2014.015by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula andAdult Nutritional (SPIFAN) Expert Review Panel (ERP). Looking at the similarity and uniqueness of the two methods, the authors agreed, as advised by the ERP, to work together to merge the two methods intoone. This combined method was assigned Method 2016.03. Objective: In order to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of the AOAC First Action 2016.03 method, a collaborative study was organized. The study was divided in two parts: (Part 1) method set up and qualification of participants and (Part 2) collaborative study participation. During Part 1, each laboratory was asked to analyze two practice samples. The laboratories that provided results within a range of expected levels were qualified for Part 2, during which they analyzed 25 samples in blind duplicates. Results: The results were compared with SMPR 2014.015 established for chloride. The precision results (repeatability and reproducibility) were within therequirements stated in the SMPR. In general, the precision results (repeatability and reproducibility)were well within the limits stated in the SMPR. Repeatability ranged from 0.4 to 1.9%, in accordance with data obtained during SLV, with reported RSD of repeatability from 0.03 to 1.6%. Meanwhile, reproducibility ranged from 0.6 to 4.0%. Finally, the Horwitz ratio values were all below 1, from 0.2 to 0.9%. Conclusions: The ERP determined that the data presented met the SMPR and accordingly recommended the method to be granted Final Actionstatus. In January 2018, the Official Methods Boardapproved the method as Final Action.
Learning from ICH Q6B: Quality Control Ideas to Improve the Quality Standards of Chinese Herbal Slices
Authors: Mo Jieli , Wang Hainan , Yuan Bo
Published: November 2018

Learning from the ideas of the International Conference on Harmonization Q6B guideline in the quality control of biological and biotechnological products, it is proposed to improve the quality standard system and quality control of Chinese herbal slices, from reforming the mechanism of setting standards, improving the principles of quality standards, and clarifying the basis for setting the standards. The quality standard and quality control of Chinese herbal slices need to be improved through practical strategies with reasonable technology.
Problems
Authors: DeJarnette Anna F. , Phelps Stephen
Published: November 2018

A monthly set of problems is aimed at a variety of ability levels.
Empowering Mathematicians through Modeling
Authors: Poling Lisa L. , Naresh Nirmala , Goodson-Espy Tracy
Published: November 2018

Real-life scenarios embedded in social, cultural, historical, and political contexts can help bridge a gap between critical mathematics education and mathematical modeling.
Principles to Actions: Moving to a framework for teaching mathematics
Authors: Huinker DeAnn
Published: November 2018

In 1989 the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) launched the standards-based education movement with the release of Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989). Subsequent publications built on this foundation by further detailing the mathematics content of student learning (NCTM 2000, 2006; CCSSI 2010). We have learned, however, that more is needed than content standards if we are to realize the goal of high levels of mathematical understanding by each and every student. For that reason, NCTM formed a writing team in 2012 to envision and develop a document that could guide mathematics education into the future. I served as one of three lead writers on this team. After several revisions, including feedback on a public review draft, our work resulted in the publication of Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All (NCTM 2014). In this article, I provide some background on Principles to Actions, reflect on its initial impact, and suggest next steps for our professional work toward ambitious teaching of mathematics.
Angle detectives
Authors: Stark Walter
Published: November 2018

This problem scenario presents how a fifth-grade class used logical thinking and spatial reasoning to find the angle measurements of certain polygons without using a protractor. To access the full-size activity sheet, go to http://www.nctm.org/tcm, All Issues. Each month, this section of the Problem Solvers department showcases students' in-depth thinking and discusses the classroom results of using problems presented in previous issues of Teaching Children Mathematics.
Refining Planning: Questioning with a Purpose
Authors: Andrews Delise R. , Bandemer Karla J.
Published: November 2018

Classroom discussions become more productive when teachers design their inquiries to elicit and understand student thinking.
What my thinking looks like
Authors: Farkas Melissa
Published: November 2018

Challenge your students to create a visual representation of their thinking that can be captured in a single photograph. First, pose a task based on a real-world situation that is familiar to your students.
Latvijas minerālās izejvielas eko-keramikas izstrādei
Authors: Sedmale Gaida , Rundāns Māris , Randers Mārtiņs , Šperberga Ingunda , Cimmers Andris
Published: November 2018

Darbā dots ieskats par iespējām izmantot Latvijas minerālās izejvielas kā bāzi vai  piedevu  keramikas  materiālu  (eko-materiālu)  izstrādei ar dažādu pielietošanas aspektu, to skaitā parādīt iespēju šo materiālu ieguves tehnoloģisko procesu optimizēšanai virzībā uz to apdedzināšanas temperatūras samazināšanu, līdz ar to reducējot kaitīgu gāzveida izmešu nonākšanu vidē. Parādīti darbu rezultāti laika periodā no 2007. g. līdz 2017. g. Tiek apskatīti un analizēti sekojoši pētījumi:neapstrādāta māla pielietošana atkritumu deponēšanas vietu noblīvēšanai;daļēji dehidratizēta māla pielietošana Cr3+, Cr6+, Zn2+ un Cu+ jonu sorbcijai, kas veidojas galvanisko procesu notekūdeņos; poru saturošas augsttemperatūras keramikas izstrāde no jauktiem izejvielu maisījumiem, kas nodrošina pietiekamu gāzveida fāzes izveidošanos keramikas apdedzināšanas procesā, veidojot poras, lai pielietotu par filtrēšanas/attīrīšanas materiālu;illīta māla piedevu izmantošana, lai pazeminātu augsttemperatūras blīvas keramikas saķepināšanas/apdedzināšanas temperatūru, iegūstot ilgspējīgu mehāniski un termiski izturīgu produktu; kā arī tehnoloģiskie procesi, kas nodrošina porainas, siltumu izolējošas keramikas materiāla ieguvi pie pazeminātām temperatūrām (ģeopolimēru metode).Mineral Raw Materials of Latvia for Development of Eco-CeramicsThe paper gives an insight into the possibilities to use Latvian mineral raw materials as a base or additives for the development of ceramic materials (eco- materials) with different application aspects, including showing the possibility of optimizing the technological processes of these materials towards the reduction of their firing temperature, thereby reducing the release of harmful gaseous effluents into the environment.The results of the works that are reported in the period were obtained from  2007 to 2017. The following studies are reviewed and analyzed: the use of untreated clay for the sealing of waste deposits; the use of partly dehydrated clay for sorption of Cr3+,6+, Zn2+ and Cu2+, which have formed in galvanic processes; the development of porous high temperature ceramics from mixes  of mineral raw materials and synthetic additives that provide a sufficient gas phase  formation in the firing process and consecutively to form pores in obtained ceramic material; the use of illite clay additives to reduce the temperature of sintering of high temperature dense mechanical and thermally durable ceramics, as well as technological processes that ensure the production of porous, heat-insulating ceramic materials at reduced temperatures (geopolymer method).
Sola-gēla pārklājums uz emaljēta leģētā tērauda
Authors: Pavlovska Ilona , Mežinskis Gundars , Bīdermanis Laimons-Paulis
Published: November 2018

Darbā aprakstītas jauna materiāla un tehnoloģijas izstrādes stadijas saules enerģijas kolektoriem. Augstas jaudas saules enerģijas kolektora (AJSEK) cauruļveida materiālam jāspēj ilgstoši izturēt augstas temperatūras, neizmainot savu mikrostruktūru un nezaudējot savus sākotnējos siltumtehniskos raksturlielumus. RTU Silikātu materiālu institūta zinātnieki sadarbībā  ar LU Cietvielu fizikas institūta speciālistu izstrādājuši tehnoloģiju, kas ļauj iegūt AJSEK saules enerģiju uztverošu materiālu un spēj izturēt 600 °C temperatūru vismaz 250 dienas. Šī materiāla pamatā ir nerūsējošā tērauda cauruļveida iz- strādājums, kuram uzklāts stiklkristālisks emaljas pārklājums. Ilgstošu augsttemperatūras izturību nodrošina ne vien emaljas pārklājuma fritei pievienotās specifiskās piedevas, bet arī emaljai uzklātais sola-gēla nanodaļiņu pārklājums.Sol-gel coating on enamelled alloy steelThe stages of development of a new material and a technology for solar  collectors are described. Pipes for parabolic-trough solar collectors (PTSC) must be able to withstand high temperatures for a long time without changing their microstructure and losing their original thermal characteristics. The scientists from the Institute of Silicate Materials (Riga Technical University) together with a specialist from the Institute of Solid State Physics (University of Latvia) have developed a technology that allows the production of PTSC solar-absorbing materials capable of withstanding 600 °C temperatures for at least 250 days. This material is based on glass-crystalline enamel coating on tubular stainless steel pipes. The high-temperature resistance was ensured not only by specific additives added to the frit of enamel coating, but also by a nanosized sol-gel coating over the enamel.Keywords – enamel coatings for steel, sol-gel coatings, thermal properties, chemical properties, microhardness
From molecular manipulation of domesticated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to survival in nature
Authors: Sasso Severin , Stibor Herwig , Mittag Maria , Grossman Arthur R
Published: November 2018

In the mid-20th century, the unicellular and genetically tractable green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was first developed as a model organism to elucidate fundamental cellular processes such as photosynthesis, light perception and the structure, function and biogenesis of cilia. Various studies of C. reinhardtii have profoundly advanced plant and cell biology, and have also impacted algal biotechnology and our understanding of human disease. However, the 'real' life of C. reinhardtii in the natural environment has largely been neglected. To extend our understanding of the biology of C. reinhardtii, it will be rewarding to explore its behavior in its natural habitats, learning more about its abundance and life cycle, its genetic and physiological diversity, and its biotic and abiotic interactions.
The use of pharmacogenetic testing in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Routhieaux Melanie , Keels Jessica , Tillery Erika E.
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Pharmacogenetic testing may assist in identifying an individual's risk of developing a mental illness as well as predict an individual's response to treatment. The objective of this study is to report published outcomes of pharmacogenetic testing in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Methods:

A systematic review using PubMed and EBSCOhost through April 2017 was performed to identify articles that reported pharmacogenetic testing in adult patients with either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia using the keywords pharmacy, pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetics, psychiatry, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, mood stabilizer, and antipsychotic.

Results:

A total of 18 articles were included in the final literature review. A wide variety of genes amongst adult patients with varying ethnicities were found to be correlated with the development of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder as well as response to antipsychotics and mood stabilizers.

Discussion:

While current studies show a correlation between genetic variations and medication response or disease predisposition for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, research is unclear on the type of therapeutic recommendations that should occur based on the results of the pharmacogenetic testing. Hopefully interpreting pharmacogenetic results will one day assist with optimizing medication recommendations for individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Nortriptyline-induced oral ulceration: A case report
Authors: Olsufka William , Cabral Danielle , McArdle Megan , Kavanagh Rebecca
Published: November 2018

Drug-induced oral ulcers are lesions of the oral mucosa accompanied by painful symptoms, such as burning mouth, metallic taste, dysgeusia, or ageusia. This report demonstrates the first documented case of drug-induced oral ulcers with the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline. In this case, a 49-year-old female initiated treatment for refractory neuropathy with nortriptyline. Within 2 weeks of therapy, painful, oral, bubble-like ulcers developed. Complete symptom resolution occurred approximately 1 month after discontinuation of nortriptyline. Clinicians should be cognizant of nortriptyline's ability to potentially induce oral ulcers; however, the exact mechanism for this adverse event is unknown.
Arcadia: A Contemporary Chinese Garden Experiment
Authors: Wang Xin , Jin Qiuye
Published: November 2018

Modernity need not be synonymous with abstraction or with a lack of cultural resonance. The art of China's historical literate elite, and the environments they surrounded themselves with, are ripe with inspiration for a formal language that is relevant today. The academic group Arcadia and the related design practice Zaoyuan Gardening Studio have been investigating how aspects of these artificial landscapes might spur a new poetics in Chinese architecture. Two of Arcadia's founders, Xin Wang and Qiuye Jin, describe their work – spanning teaching, research and built projects.
Informal Density: Animating Historical Neighbourhoods
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: November 2018

Awareness of the value of historical neighbourhoods in China's cities is growing. But how can they be successfully integrated in forward‐looking plans for urban development? URBANUS, a design practice and think‐tank based in Beijing and Shenzhen, has been leading the way in finding architectural solutions to the country's urban challenges. Hui Wang, one of its co‐founders, profiles URBANUS's approach through three recent projects that have injected new life, diversity and community cohesion into one of Beijing's hutong districts.
Lighting‐Led Architecture: A Collaborative Approach
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: November 2018

The common practice of leaving lighting design until last may be diminishing architectural potential. Xin Zhang, who teaches and leads a research team at Tsinghua University, has been exploring ways of using lighting concepts to inform the formulation of architectural ideas since 2009. His experience through his work with various architects shows how involving lighting engineers from the initial phases of design can greatly enhance the atmospheric qualities of built projects.
Single‐Cell Mobility Analysis of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhuang Jialang , Wu Yongjian , Chen Liang , Liang Siping , Wu Minhao , Zhou Ledu , Fan Chunhai , Zhang Yuanqing
Published: November 2018

Efforts have been taken to enhance the study of single‐cells, however, the task remains challenging because most previous investigations cannot exclude the interactions between single cells or separately retrieved cells with specificity for further analyses. Here, a single‐cell mobility analysis platform (SCM‐Chip) is developed that can not only real‐time monitor single‐cell migration in independent niches but can also selectively recover target cells one by one. The design of each channel with a single‐cell capture unit and an outlet enables the system to place single cells in different isolated niches with fluidic capture and to respectively collect target cells based on mobilities. SCM‐Chip characterization of breast cancer cells reveals the presence of high‐ and low‐migratory populations. Whole‐cell transcriptome analysis establishes that monocyte chemotactic protein induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) is related with cell mobility; cells with a high expression of MCPIP1 exhibit low mobility in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The SCM platform provides a generic tool for accurate single‐cell isolation and differentiation that can be readily adapted for the study of cancer and drug development.
Hierarchical Carbon Micro/Nanonetwork with Superior Electrocatalysis for High‐Rate and Endurable Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Ling Wei , Deng Qi , Ma Qiang , Wang Hong‐Rui , Zhou Chun‐Jiao , Xu Jian‐Kai , Yin Ya‐Xia , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Zeng Xian‐Xiang , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: November 2018

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are receiving increasing interest in energy storage fields because of their safety and versatility. However, the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode is a pivotal factor that still restricts the power and cycling capabilities of VRFBs. Here, a hierarchical carbon micro/nanonetwork (HCN) electrode codoped with nitrogen and phosphorus is prepared for application in VRFBs by cross‐linking polymerization of aniline and physic acid, and subsequent pyrolysis on graphite felt. Due to the hierarchical electron pathways and abundant heteroatom active sites, the HCN exhibits superior electrocatalysis toward the vanadium redox couples and imparts the VRFBs with an outstanding energy efficiency and extraordinary stability after 2000 cycles at 250 mA cm−2 and a discharge capacity of 10.5 mA h mL−1 at an extra‐large current density of 400 mA cm−2. Such a micro/nanostructure design will force the advancement of durable and high‐power VRFBs and other electrochemical energy storage devices.
Gene‐level associations in suicide attempter families show overrepresentation of synaptic genes and genes differentially expressed in brain development
Authors: Sokolowski Marcus , Wasserman Jerzy , Wasserman Danuta
Published: November 2018

Suicidal behavior (SB) has a complex etiology involving different polygenic and environmental components. Here we used an excess of significant markers (ESM) test to study gene‐level associations in previous genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) SNP data from a family‐based sample, having medically severe suicide attempt (SA) as main outcome in the offspring. In SA without major psychiatric disorders (N = 498), a screening of 5,316 genes across the genome suggested association 17 genes (at fdr < 0.05). Genes RETREG1 (a.k.a. FAM134B), GSN, GNAS, and CACNA1D were particularly robust to different methodological variations. Comparison with the more widely used Multi‐marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) methods, mainly supported RETREG1, GSN, RNASEH2B, UBE2H, and CACNA1D by using the “mean” model, and ranked 13 of the same genes as ESM among its top‐17. Complementing the ESM screen by using MAGMA to analyze 17,899 genes, we observed excess of genes with p < .05 by using the “top” model, and the “mean” model suggested additional genes with genome‐wide fdr < 0.25. Overrepresentation analysis of 10 selected gene sets using all genes with p < .05, showed significant results for synaptic genes, genes differentially expressed in brain development and for ~12% of the SA polygenic association genes identified previously in this sample. Exploratory analysis linked some of the ESM top‐17 genes to psychotropic drugs and we examined the allelic heterogeneity in the previous SA candidate GRIN2B. This study complemented previous GWAS on SB outcomes, implicating both previous candidate (e.g., GRIN2B and GNAS) and novel genes in SA outcomes, as well as synaptic functions and brain development.
Bioinspired glycosaminoglycan hydrogels via click chemistry for 3D dynamic cell encapsulation
Authors: Kuang Liangju , Damayanti Nur P. , Jiang Chunhui , Fei Xing , Liu Wenjie , Narayanan Naagarajan , Irudayaraj Joseph , Campanella Osvaldo , Deng Meng
Published: November 2018

Cell encapsulation within 3D hydrogels is an attractive approach to develop effective cell‐based therapies. However, little is known about how cells respond to the dynamic microenvironment resulting from hydrogel gelation‐based cell encapsulation. Here, a tunable biomimetic hydrogel system that possesses alterable gelation kinetics and biologically relevant matrix stiffness is developed to study 3D dynamic cellular responses during encapsulation. Hydrogels are synthesized by crosslinking thiolated hyaluronic acid and thiolated chondroitin sulfate with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate under cell‐compatible conditions. Hydrogel properties are tailored by altering thiol substitution degrees of glycosaminoglycans or molecular weights of crosslinkers. Encapsulation of human mesenchymal stem cells through hydrogel gelation reveals high cell viability as well as a three‐stage gelation‐dependent cellular response in real‐time focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation in live single cells. Furthermore, stiffer hydrogels result in higher equilibrium FAK activity and enhanced actin protrusions. Our results demonstrate the promise of hydrogel‐mediated cellular responses during cell encapsulation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47212.
Viscosity monitoring study of the kinetics of aqueous‐medium N‐vinylpyrrolidone free‐radical polymerization
Authors: Neubauer Thiago M. , Cancelier Adriano , Machado Ricardo Antônio F. , Costa Cristiane
Published: November 2018

Aqueous‐medium batch polymerizations of N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) with different monomer and initiator concentrations were carried out in a stirred reactor equipped with temperature and viscosity sensors. The rate of monomer conversion was a function of the NVP concentration, increasing as the initial weight of monomer was lowered. It was suggested that the hydrophobic behavior of the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the hydrogen bonding between NVP water in the system leads to a micelle‐like state, responsible for practically doubling the propagation rate in the more diluted system. These effects were observed through in‐line viscosity and off‐line zeta potential measurements. A kinetic model with termination and propagation rates as a function of the monomer concentration provided a good description of the conversion profiles and molecular‐weight averages obtained by the experimental polymerizations taken from independent studies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47261.
Design of hybrid nonisocyanate polyurethane coatings for advanced ambient temperature curing applications
Authors: Asemani Hamidreza , Zareanshahraki Forough , Mannari Vijay
Published: November 2018

This study is focused on development of environmentally benign, two component, high solid, nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) coatings through a novel route based on cyclic carbonate/amine chemistry. Cyclic carbonates are synthesized and reacted with an excess amount of amine to yield polyurethane polyamines (PUPAs). Coatings are then prepared by using stoichiometric proportions of PUPAs and aliphatic epoxies as crosslinkers and their coating properties are studied. Results reveal that by proper design of NIPU oligomers—functional group content, backbone structure, and molecular weight (M
n)—coatings with outstanding performance features such as low temperature flexibility and resistance to chemicals can be obtained and selected coatings containing PUPA with M
n = 1480 and 1:1.5 mol ratio of low‐molecular‐weight amine exceed the performance of a conventional isocyanate‐based reference sample. Elimination of isocyanates, substantially reduced volatile organic compounds as well as fast ambient curing, make these polyurethane coatings a promising alternative for various industrial applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47266.
Preparation and characterization of antistatic packaging for electronic components based on poly(lactic acid)/carbon black composites
Authors: Silva Thaís Ferreira da , Menezes Fernanda , Montagna Larissa Stieven , Lemes Ana Paula , Passador Fabio Roberto
Published: November 2018

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polymer obtained from renewable sources; its main application is in the packaging sector. Electronic components require the use of antistatic packaging that prevents damage and electric shock. As PLA has no conductive characteristics, it requires the addition of allotropic carbon forms such as conductive carbon black to make the polymer less resistive as the dissipative material and making it suitable for the manufacture of antistatic packaging. In this study, PLA was melt blended with 5, 10, and 15 wt % of carbon black. The composites were prepared using a high‐speed mixer. Samples were characterized by Izod impact resistance tests, scanning electron microscopy, thermal properties, electrical characterization, and biodegradation tests in garden soil. The addition of carbon black in the PLA matrix increases the temperature of degradation and decreases the crystallinity degree and the impact resistance of the composites. However, carbon black is a great option to increase the electrical conductivity of PLA. The addition of carbon black in PLA makes the composite less resistive and suitable for use as antistatic packaging for the transportation and storage of electronic components. Furthermore, this composite does not cause damage to the environment as the carbon black does not interfere in the degradation mechanism of PLA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47273.
Different Glycoconjugate Content in Mucus Secreting Cells of the Rat Fundic Gastric Glands
Authors: Gómez‐Santos Laura , Alonso Edurne , Díaz‐Flores Lucio , Madrid Juan Francisco , Sáez Francisco José
Published: November 2018

The fundic glands of the stomach contain two types of mucous cells: surface mucous cells (SMCs) located at the surface of the stomach and the pits, and mucous neck cells (MNCs) situated in the neck of the glands. They produce mucins, highly glycosylated proteins. Very little is known about the glycan composition of these mucins and of gastric secretion in general. We used several lectins combined with deglycosylation pretreatments to analyze the glycan composition of SMCs and MNCs. The results showed the presence of terminal sialic acid and subterminal Gal and GalNAc, which is consistent with previous knowledge about glycosylation in mucins. Our results also support previous reports that showed a different expression of mucins in the SMCs, depending on their superficial or deep location in the pit. Some lectins labeled only the perinuclear region of the SMCs, but not the apical region, where the secretory granules are stored. This suggests that the lectins are labeling sugar residues that are accessible to lectins during the first steps of glycan synthesis, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Our results indicate that SMCs and MNCs produce a mucus secretion with a different glycoconjugate composition. The secretion is more varied in SMCs. As our results coincide with what we know about glycosylation of mucins, we can conclude that most of the glycans detected belong to mucins, and the differences in glycosylation observed in each cell type may be due, mainly, to the different secreted mucins. Anat Rec, 301:2128–2144, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.