bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainties of the 30–408 MHz Galactic emission as a calibration source for radio detectors in astroparticle physics
Authors: Büsken M. , Fodran T. , Huege T.
Published: September 2023

Context.Arrays of radio antennas have proven to be successful in astroparticle physics with the observation of extensive air showers initiated by high-energy cosmic rays in the Earth’s atmosphere. Accurate determination of the energy scale of the primary particles’ energies requires an absolute calibration of the radio antennas for which, in recent years, the utilization of the Galactic emission as a reference source has emerged as a potential standard.

Aims.To apply the “Galactic calibration” a proper estimation of the systematic uncertainties on the prediction of the Galactic emission from sky models is necessary, which we aim to quantify on a global level and for the specific cases of selected radio arrays. We further aim to determine the influence of additional natural radio sources on the Galactic calibration.

Methods.We compared seven different sky models that predict the full-sky Galactic emission in the frequency range from 30 to 408 MHz. We made an inventory of the reference maps on which they rely and used the output of the models to determine their global level of agreement. We subsequently took typical sky exposures and the frequency bands of selected radio arrays into account and repeated the comparison for each of them. Finally, we studied and discuss the relative influence of the quiet Sun, the ionosphere, and Jupiter.

Results.We find a systematic uncertainty of 14.3% on the predicted power from the Galactic emission, which scales to approximately half of that value as the uncertainty on the determination of the energy of cosmic particles. When looking at the selected radio arrays, the uncertainty on the predicted power varies between 11.7% and 21.5%. The influence of the quiet Sun turns out to be insignificant at the lowest frequencies but increases to a relative contribution of ~30% around 400 MHz.
A Comparison of Two Methods of Post-Bypass Hemoconcentration
Authors: Brickley Jeanne M. , Kalshoven J. Dixie , Wilds Suzanne L. , Dearing James P.
Published: September 2023

Post-pump hemoconcentration is currently accomplished by centrifugation and saline washing, the product being packed red cells suspended in saline. This study was designed to compare centrifugation with ultrafiltration by an artificial kidney, the product of this method being whole blood.

Sixteen adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were assigned to one of two groups. Hemoconcentration was achieved in Group I with the Cell Saver and with an artificial kidney in Group II. Coagulation data, plasma proteins, colloid osmotic pressure, hematocrit, platelet count, plasma free hemoglobin, and fibrinogen levels were collected and compared at various times during each case.

The mean total protein concentration of the ultrafiltered blood (8.01 ± 1.31 g/dl) was significantly greater than that of the Cell Saver blood (0.29 ± 0.29 g/dl, p < .01). Also, the mean total protein concentration in the discard was significantly greater in the Cell Saver group (1.69 ± 0.56 g/dl) than the artificial kidney group (0.09 ± 0.14, p < .01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the other parameters compared.

While the artificial kidney was quite effective in conserving the plasma proteins during hemoconcentration, no additional advantages were demonstrated during this study.
Regional Perfusion for Melanoma of the Extremities
Authors: Pfefferkorn Robert O. , Didolkar Mukund S.
Published: September 2023

A common cause for treatment failure in patients with malignant melanoma is local or regional recurrence of the disease. It is presumed that the poor treatment response rate is due to occult metastases present during the initial treatment phase. In an effort to improve response rate and survival, 15 patients with malignant melanoma of an extremity underwent isolated regional limb perfusion combined with hyperthermia and the cytotoxic drug Imidazole Carboxamide (DTIC). Study objectives include examination of response, subsequent tumor behavior after treatment, and the side effects of hyperthermia on the extremity. The 0-2 year response rate is 100%. None of the patients developed local recurrence, intransit or lymph node metastases, or disseminated tumor. There have been no surgical deaths and only a few patients developed some symptomatology of the known toxic side effects of the chemotherapeutic agent. Our early experience justifies the continued employment of regional hyperthermic chemotherapeutic isolation perfusion as an ideal treatment for patients who have malignant melanoma confined to an extremity.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine as an Effective Organocatalyst for the Racemic Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes Involving an Iminium Ion
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Han Xiaolei , Mori Naoki
Published: September 2023

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine is shown to be a suitable organocatalyst to prepare racemic compounds in the reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes involving an iminium ion, whereas diphenylprolinol silyl ether is a well-known chiral organocatalyst for the asymmetric versions of the same reactions. The generality and limitations of bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine are disclosed.
Catalytic C–H Functionalization of Trimethylamine
Authors: Doye Sven , Geik Dennis , Büker Alina , Fornfeist Felix , Schmidtmann Marc
Published: September 2023

Carbon–carbon bond-forming hydroaminoalkylation reactions between trimethylamine and alkynes, alkenes, allenes, or a methylenecyclopropane (MCP) are achieved in the presence of titanium catalysts. The reactions take place by C–H bond activation at the methyl group of trimethylamine and therefore offer flexible and direct methods for the C–H functionalization of trimethylamine. The importance of the developed procedures for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant dimethylaminomethyl-substituted products is underlined by a straightforward synthesis of the antidepressant butriptyline.
Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Selective C–H Bond Activation of Biindoles and Coupling with Sulfoxonium: An Efficient Access to Pyrido[1,2-a:4,3-b′]diindole frameworks
Authors: Kumar K. Shiva , Jatoth Ramanna , Gugulothu Kishan , Valappil Rasika Meloth , Nelson Nithya
Published: September 2023

A ruthenium-catalyzed selective C–H functionalization/annulation cascade reaction of biindoles and sulfoxonium ylides has been developed. The reaction selectively provides pyrido[1,2-a:4,3-b′]diindole (5H-benzo[2,3]indolizino[7,8-b]indole) derivatives in good yields. A possible mechanism for the reaction pathway is proposed. More importantly, the present study provides a useful method for the construction of pyrido[1,2-a:4,3-b′]diindole frameworks.
Organophotocatalytic Radical–Polar Cross-Coupling of Styrylboronic Acids and Redox-Active Esters
Authors: Watson Allan J. B. , Brals Jeremy , D’Arcy-Evans Nicholas , McGuire Thomas M.
Published: September 2023

We report the development of a radical–polar cross-coupling reaction using styrylboronic acids and redox-active esters under organophotoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds through a formal polarity-mismatched radical addition. The use of an organic photocatalyst permitted very low loadings of the electron-shuttle additive and accelerated reaction times compared with established processes. The scope of the reaction was explored, and the utility of the products is demonstrated.
Current Treatment Strategies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients at the Risk of Developing Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Achutha Vismaya , Desai Kesha M.
Published: September 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects the digestive tract and can lead to inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining. IBD patients with cancer encounter difficulties since cancer treatment weakens their immune systems. A multidisciplinary strategy that strikes a balance between the requirement to manage IBD symptoms and the potential effects of treatment on cancer is necessary for effective care of IBD in cancer patients. To reduce inflammation and avoid problems, IBD in cancer patients is often managed by closely monitoring IBD symptoms in conjunction with the necessary medication and surgical intervention. Anti-inflammatory medications, immunomodulators, and biologic therapies may be used for medical care, and surgical options may include resection of the diseased intestine or removal of the entire colon. The current study provides a paradigm for shared decision-making involving the patient, gastroenterologist, and oncologist while considering recent findings on the safety of IBD medicines, cancer, and recurrent cancer risk in individuals with IBD. We hope to summarize the pertinent research in this review and offer useful advice.
Clinical and Imaging Research in the Diagnosis of Anorectal Melanoma with Surgical Outcome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rocha Ana Luiza Moraes , Gomar Gabriella Giandotti , Chagas João Pedro Cruz Lima , Salomão Dayara Mussi , Clivatti Luciana
Published: September 2023

Objective This study aims to report the case of a 69-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of anorectal melanoma (AM) established by immunohistochemistry.

Methods Clinical case report, a descriptive and qualitative study.

Results The patient had a nodular and ulcerative lesion in the anal region, the imaging exams revealed an expansive lesion that affected the rectum and the vaginal wall. The chosen course of treatment was initial surgical intervention, the surgery and postoperative course progressed without complications, and the anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of invasive malignant melanoma of the distal rectum of anorectal transition. The anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of invasive malignant melanoma located in the distal rectum of the anorectal transition. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed infiltrative melanoma with microsatellites, as well as peri and intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate, angiolymphatic invasion, and perineural invasion. The surgical resection margins, ovaries, posterior vaginal wall, and parametrium showed no signs of neoplastic involvement. Following the surgery, the patient began immunotherapy, which she is still undergoing.

Conclusions The survival rate of AM can be improved through various diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. However, further exploration of this topic through clinical studies is necessary to enhance both diagnosis and treatment.
The impact of local identities on voting behaviour: a Scouse case study
Authors: Jeffery David
Published: September 2023

The political salience of local identities has received limited academic attention in the British political science literature. This paper is a step towards addressing this, through a case study of the Scouse identity. The Scouse identity is primarily found in the English city of Liverpool, Merseyside and its environs. Using original survey data of electors from across Merseyside, alongside the British Election Study, this paper explores the political salience and consequences of the Scouse identity and places it in the comparative context of sub-state national identities across Great Britain, namely Englishness, Scottishness, and Welshness. I find that holding a Scouse identity leads to higher levels of Labour support and lower levels of Conservative and Green support, that the political consequences of the Scouse identity vary across Merseyside, and that local identities can and do exist alongside sub-state national identities, challenging the myth of ‘Scouse not English’. Put simply, local identities can and do matter when it comes to shaping voting behaviour.
Neoliberal fascism? Fascist trends in early neoliberal thought and echoes in the present
Authors: Maher Henry
Published: September 2023

This article theorises the contemporary convergence of neoliberal and fascist principles by examining the thought of political actors in the 1930s and 1940s who were active in both neoliberal and fascist organisations. I suggest that a sympathy for fascism formed a minor but significant strand of early neoliberal thought, and that unpacking the logics that led particular thinkers and political actors to believe that fascism was compatible with neoliberalism can shed light on the contemporary political moment. Based on my reading of early ‘neoliberal fascists’, I theorise three points of convergence. The first was a belief that socialism had to be opposed by all possible means, including violence and the repression of popular democracy. The second was a racialized understanding of the underpinnings of the market economy, leading to an acceptance of the necessity of racial exclusion. Thirdly, both fascist and neoliberal thinkers believed that patriarchy was a necessary feature for the reproduction of capitalism, and hence that traditional gender roles had to be preserved against pressures for social change. In theorising this convergence, I also gesture to how the overlap of neoliberalism and fascism can be witnessed in the contemporary milieu, with a focus on the libertarian Mises Institute.
Stochastic paleoclimatology: Modeling the EPICA ice core climate records
Authors: Keyes N. D. B. , Giorgini L. T. , Wettlaufer J. S.
Published: September 2023

We analyze and model the stochastic behavior of paleoclimate time series and assess the implications for the coupling of climate variables during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. We examine 800 kiloyears of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and temperature proxy data from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome-C ice core, which are characterized by 100 ky glacial cycles overlain by fluctuations across a wide range of timescales. We quantify this behavior through multifractal time-weighted detrended fluctuation analysis, which distinguishes near-red-noise and white-noise behavior below and above the 100 ky glacial cycle, respectively, in all records. This allows us to model each time series as a one-dimensional periodic nonautonomous stochastic dynamical system, and assess the stability of physical processes and the fidelity of model-simulated time series. We extend this approach to a four-variable model with intervariable coupling terms, which we interpret in terms of possible interrelationships among the four time series. Within the framework of our coupling coefficients, we find that carbon dioxide and temperature act to stabilize each other and methane and nitrous oxide, whereas the latter two destabilize each other and carbon dioxide and temperature. We also compute the response function for each pair of variables to assess the model performance by comparison to the data and confirm the model predictions regarding stability amongst variables. Taken together, our results are consistent with glacial pacing dominated by carbon dioxide and temperature that is modulated by terrestrial biosphere feedbacks associated with methane and nitrous oxide emissions.
Invasive dynamic electrical impedance myography during 100 s of moderate contraction in rats’ gastrocnemius muscle
Authors: Coutinho A. B. B. , Jotta B. , Pino A. V. , Souza M. N.
Published: September 2023

Goal: The present study aimed to investigate the behavior of dynamic electrical impedance myography (dEIM) signals during a 100-s period of the dynamic contraction of Wistar rats’ gastrocnemius evoked by electrical stimulation and to link the variations in bioimpedance with muscular energy systems. Methods: Muscle contraction used 30% of the maximum muscular force and persisted for 100 s, along which dynamic bioimpedance signals were acquired. Based on the bioimpedance signals, two parameters, ΔZc and ΔZpc, were calculated to allow the analysis of their changes with the energy systems that supplied adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the muscle. ΔZc indicated the variation of impedance of a twitch cycle compared to the values observed during the rest period preceding the cycle, and ΔZpc indicated slow bioimpedance variations compared to the values obtained during the rest period. Results: The results indicated that ΔZc followed the force behavior, achieving a change rate of ∼14%. This parameter was associated with instantaneous impedance changes owing to the occurrence of each twitch. Conclusion: Although the findings of this study were linked to energy system processes, future studies are required for improving the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in dEIM. Significance: The results contributed to understanding the relation of energy systems that supply ATP to the muscles with dEIM variations that occurred during muscle activity.
A reflection on recent efforts in optimization of cooling capacity of electrocaloric thin films
Authors: Sun Yunlong , Shirsath Sagar E. , Zhang Siyuan , Wang Danyang
Published: September 2023

Despite the advantages of electric field efficiency and miniaturization, the limited operating temperature range and mediocre cooling efficiency of electrocaloric thin films represent the key obstacles to their practical applications in cooling advanced electronics. In this review, we discussed the current efforts and challenges facing the development of high-performance electrocaloric thin films and explored universal approaches along with their physical mechanisms for optimizing the electrocaloric response in thin films. We first emphasize the significance of the indirect method for determining the electrocaloric effect (ECE) in thin films and restate the conditions for the application of Maxwell’s equations. Particularly, we flag a couple of common artifacts of the electrocaloric results induced by the indirect method in recent attempts at the optimization of the ECE. We then cover chemical modification, interface engineering, and strain engineering as effective routes to improve the adiabatic temperature change (ΔT), reduce the driving electric field (E), and widen the operating temperature range (Tspan). At last, we propose that slush relaxors can be exploited as the base system for simultaneously achieving large ΔT, broad Tspan, and low E. Furthermore, we also discuss that the employment of high-entropy oxide perovskites is a feasible approach for greatly raising the dipolar entropy change under low electric fields. At last, we stress the significance and pressing need to measure the EC parameters of thin films with reliable direct methods. We hope that the high-performance electrocaloric thin films and the design rationale discussed in this review could inspire more facile and novel methods to achieve a better electrocaloric response.
Instability of liquid film with odd viscosity and slip effect under the action of external electric field
Authors: Li Xia , Ding Zhaodong
Published: September 2023

The influence of odd viscosity on the instability of a liquid film flowing along a porous inclined plane under a normal electric field is investigated. It is assumed that the flow at the porous inclined plane satisfies the Beavers–Joseph slip boundary condition. By utilizing the long-wave approximation and employing the method of systematic asymptotic expansion, a nonlinear evolution equation for the film thickness under the influence of the electric field is derived. The stability analysis of this evolution equation reveals that the odd viscosity of the film has a stabilizing effect, while the electric field has a destabilizing effect. Additionally, the permeability of the porous inclined plane enhances the instability of the liquid film flow. Numerical simulations are conducted using a fast Fourier transform algorithm to solve the nonlinear evolution equations. The numerical results demonstrate that, within the stable region and with all parameters fixed, the wave amplitude decreases as the evolution time increases, indicating a gradual stabilization of the liquid film flow. Conversely, in the unstable region, the opposite behavior is observed. As the evolution time increases, the fluctuation amplitude grows larger, resulting in a gradual destabilization of the liquid film flow. Furthermore, when the evolution time is kept constant and the odd viscosity coefficient is nonzero, the film exhibits greater stability. The amplitude of the wave increases with the electrical parameter E. In the unstable region, an increase in the permeability β of the porous medium leads to a tendency for the film flow to stabilize.
A Beale–Kato–Majda criterion for free boundary incompressible ideal magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Fu Jie , Hao Chengchun , Yang Siqi , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2023

We prove a continuation criterion for the free boundary problem of three-dimensional incompressible ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in a bounded domain, which is analogous to the theorem given in Beale, Kato, and Majda [Commun. Math. Phys. 94, 61–66 (1984)]. We combine the energy estimates of our previous works [C. Hao and T. Luo, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 212(3), 805–847 (2014)] on incompressible ideal MHD and some analogous estimates in Ginsberg [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 53, 3366–3384 (2021); arXiv:1811.06154] to show that the solution can be continued as long as the curls of the magnetic field and velocity, the second fundamental form and injectivity radius of the free boundary and some norms of the pressure remain bounded, provided that the Taylor-type sign condition holds.
Direct numerical simulations of flows around an array of rough cylinders partially coated with porous media at Re = 3900
Authors: Chen Gong , Chen Shunhua , Qian Guowei , Yang Yang , Xie Peng
Published: September 2023

In recent years, interest has been growing in the stability control of cylindrical structures in a flow field using full/partial coatings of porous media. However, the partial application of porous coatings to arrays of cylinders with rough surfaces has rarely been studied. This paper numerically investigates the passive flow control of an array of rough cylinders partially coated with porous media on their leeward side in the subcritical flow regime (Re = 3900). This is achieved through two-dimensional direct numerical simulations and the Cartesian cut-cell method, which facilitate flow simulations around complex porous media and rough surfaces in an accurate and flexible manner. In contrast to macroscopic models, this study employs a quasi-microscopic model to simplify the porous structure for each cylinder, providing an accurate and intuitive means of describing the inflow details of porous media near the central cylinder. The porosities and pores per inch of the porous media are defined in terms of the alignment angles and radii. Similarly, the surface roughness of a cylinder is simulated by the attachment of small circular appendages. The accuracy and capacity of the presented numerical approach are demonstrated via a numerical case study with a single smooth cylinder. The influence of the porous media on the flows around a single rough cylinder and an array of rough cylinders is thoroughly investigated and discussed.
Developing a novel structured mesh generation method based on deep neural networks
Authors: Chen Xinhai , Liu Jie , Zhang Qingyang , Liu Jianpeng , Wang Qinglin , Deng Liang , Pang Yufei
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we develop a novel structured mesh generation method, MeshNet. The core of the proposed method is the introduction of deep neural networks to learn high-quality meshing rules and generate desired meshes. To accomplish this, MeshNet employs a well-designed physics-informed neural network to approximate the potential transformation (mapping) between computational and physical domains. The training process is governed by differential equations, boundary conditions, and a priori data derived from coarse mesh generation, which has been disregarded in previous studies. The automatic subdivision of a given domain into quadrilateral elements is achieved through efficient feed-forward neural prediction. A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the robustness of the proposed method. The results across different cases demonstrate that MeshNet is fast and robust. It outperforms state-of-the-art neural network-based generators and produces meshes of comparable or higher quality compared to expensive traditional meshing methods. Furthermore, the proposed method enables fast varisized mesh generation without re-training. The simplicity and computational efficiency of MeshNet make it a novel meshing tool in the discretization part of simulation software.
Dynamic multi-objective optimization of scramjet inlet based on small-sample Kriging model
Authors: Ma Yue , Guo Mingming , Zhang Yi , Le Jialing , Tian Ye , Tong Shuhong , Zhang Hua , Tang Fei , Zhao Zeyang
Published: September 2023

The generic inlet is depicted based on a smooth Bézier curve, and the results and insights from high-dimensional dynamic multi-objective optimization of small-sample high Mach number axisymmetric scramjet inlets are discussed in detail. The optimization is performed by integrating a Kriging surrogate model-assisted improved congestion distance multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm and computational fluid dynamics simulation. The steady-state flow field is derived by solving the Euler equation using self-developed hypersonic internal and external flow coupling numerical simulation software, which is designed to minimize inlet surface area and drag while improving the total pressure recovery factor. The results revealed that the generic inlet can achieve a total pressure recovery capability exceeding 95%, with minimal surface area and drag. The prediction error, mean absolute percentage error, of the performance dynamic surrogate model based on Kriging is less than 1%, and the performance parameter optimization shows an improvement greater than 8% compared to static multi-objective optimization results. Ultimately, the obtained Pareto solution set is grouped by K-means feature recognition, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the flow physics knowledge related to optimal geometric local shape control. Finally, an inward-turning inlet is designed by streamline tracking technology based on the optimized axisymmetric scramjet inlet primary flow field.
A computational search of the ideal metal fragment for monohapto coordination of dihydrogen
Authors: Morán-González Lucía , Maseras Feliu
Published: September 2023

Sigma complexes containing η2-H2 ligands, with both hydrogen atoms interacting with the metal center and with each other, are well known nowadays. The possibility of η1-H2 coordination, with only one hydrogen atom interacting with the metal center, remains an intriguing, but unreported, possibility. In this study, we used the hidden descriptors (HD) strategy previously developed in our group to investigate the capacity of well-established metal fragments to achieve stable LnM(η1-H2) metal complexes. Computational techniques, including low-cost density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the BDE Matrix App are used. The results confirm that the search for stable LnM(η1-H2) complexes is challenging, as no obvious candidate can be identified. Hints are obtained about what the properties of this hypothetic metal fragment should be, such as a strong tendency to covalent association with ligands. The outcomes of this research provide a comprehensive framework for comparing and investigating atypical candidates for this type of bonding and serve as a valuable resource for future explorations in this field.
Rare earth elements binding humic acids: NICA–Donnan modelling
Authors: Otero-Fariña Alba , Janot Noémie , Marsac Rémi , Catrouillet Charlotte , Groenenberg Jan E.
Published: September 2023

Environmental context Rare earth elements (REEs) are technologically critical elements released into the environment by various anthropogenic activities, and whose ecotoxicological impacts are still largely unknown. REE binding to natural organic matter (NOM) is key to understand their fate and bioavailability in the environment. With this work, it is now possible to predict REE binding to NOM in various environments using various speciation software (ECOSAT, ORCHESTRA, Visual MINTEQ). Rationale Understanding rare earth element (REE) speciation in different natural environments is important to evaluate their environmental risks because different chemical species of an element may have different bioavailability and toxicity. REEs have a great affinity for particulate and dissolved organic matter, particularly fulvic and humic acids (HAs). Thus, the use of humic ion binding models may help to understand and predict the behaviour and speciation of these species in surface waters, groundwaters and soils. Methodology In this work, we used previously published experimental datasets to parameterise the NICA–Donnan model for REEs binding with HAs, using the model optimisation tool PEST-ORCHESTRA. We propose using linear free energy relationships (LFERs) to constrain the number of parameters to optimise. Results We determined a coherent NICA–Donnan parameter set for the whole REEs series being compatible with available generic NICA–Donnan parameters for other metals. The impact of pH, ionic strength and REE/HA ratio as well as the presence of competitors (Fe3+, Al3+ and Cu2+) on model results is analysed. Discussion We consolidate confidence in our derived NICA–Donnan parameters for REEs by comparing them with the Irving–Rossotti LFER. We also show the general applicability of this relationship to predict and constrain metal-binding parameters for the NICA–Donnan model. We discuss observed shortcomings and provide suggestions for potential improvement of NICA–Donnan modelling.
Production of light-coloured, low heat-absorbing Holstein Friesian cattle by precise embryo-mediated genome editing
Authors: Wei Jingwei , Brophy Brigid , Cole Sally-Ann , Leath Shane , Oback Björn , Boch Jens , Wells David N. , Laible Götz
Published: September 2023

Context Genome editing enables the introduction of beneficial sequence variants into the genomes of animals with high genetic merit in a single generation. This can be achieved by introducing variants into primary cells followed by producing a live animal from these cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning. The latter step is associated with low efficiencies and developmental problems due to incorrect reprogramming of the donor cells, causing animal welfare concerns. Direct editing of fertilised one-cell embryos could circumvent this issue and might better integrate with genetic improvement strategies implemented by the industry. Methods In vitro fertilised zygotes were injected with TALEN editors and repair template to introduce a known coat colour dilution mutation in the PMEL gene. Embryo biopsies of injected embryos were screened by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for intended biallelic edits before transferring verified embryos into recipients for development to term. Calves were genotyped and their coats scanned with visible and hyperspectral cameras to assess thermal energy absorption. Key results Multiple non-mosaic calves with precision edited genotypes were produced, including calves from high genetic merit parents. Compared to controls, the edited calves showed a strong coat colour dilution which was associated with lower thermal energy absorbance. Conclusions Although biopsy screening was not absolutely accurate, non-mosaic, precisely edited calves can be readily produced by embryo-mediated editing. The lighter coat colouring caused by the PMEL mutation can lower radiative heat gain which might help to reduce heat stress. Implications The study validates putative causative sequence variants to rapidly adapt grazing cattle to changing environmental conditions.
Comparisons of morphometrics and body condition between two breeding populations of Australian humpback whales
Authors: Russell Grace , Christiansen Fredrik , Colefax Andrew , Sprogis Kate R. , Cagnazzi Daniele
Published: September 2023

Context The east and west coasts of Australia form the breeding grounds for two of the world’s largest and fastest-growing populations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). These populations show differences in mean lipid content, fatty acid profiles, and stable isotope values. Aims To determine whether these differences result in variation in nutritional health and physiology between populations, we quantified and compared the morphology, body condition and energetic requirements between the two populations. Methods We used unmanned aerial vehicles to measure body morphometrics (residual of body volume vs length) of humpback whales from May to November in 2017, 2020 and 2021. Key results Morphometric measurements were obtained from 973 humpback whales (119 calves, 249 juveniles, 486 adults, and 119 lactating females). Results showed that the two populations did not differ significantly in their morphology. The average body condition was significantly different for sexually mature reproductive classes, with adults and lactating females on the west coast having a lower body condition, by an average of 7.7 and 11.1 percentage points below the east coast population respectively. All reproductive classes, with the exception of calves followed a similar pattern in body condition loss through the breeding season. Calves on the east coast exhibited a curvilinear relationship with days post-partum, with early and late-migrating calves being in poorer body condition than were those migrating mid-season. In contrast, west coast calves did not significantly change their condition through the breeding season. Conclusions The poorer body condition of sexually mature individuals in the west coast population is concerning, given the overall condition loss during a breeding season. This difference could be influenced by variations in sampling time; however, differences in feeding opportunities, climatic regimes and/or environmental variables may influence the ability of one population to acquire similar amounts of energy. Implications The difference in body condition between these two humpback whale populations highlighted the need to assess populations individually, so as to develop representative levels that can be used for future conservation monitoring and management.
Where you come from matters: familial class background plays a greater role for status-related judgements in France than in the United States (Tu procedencia importa: la clase social familiar de pertenencia tiene más peso en los juicios sobre el estatus social en Francia que en Estados Unidos)
Authors: Gobel Matthias S. , Kim Heejung S.
Published: September 2023

The present research investigated to what extent two Western cultures, France and the United States, differed in making status-related judgements based on a person’s familial class background. Consistent with the eco-historical origins of French and American status beliefs, Study 1 ( N = 77) showed that French more than American participants perceived an unknown community member with higher (compared to lower) familial class background to have greater status-related characteristics. Study 2 ( N = 213) showed that French more than American participants also expected a job candidate with higher (compared to lower) familial class background to attain higher status in the workplace. Study 3 ( N = 231) experimentally manipulated upward mobility beliefs in a monocultural sample of American participants. Results showed that when participants were made to believe that upward mobility in society was low (but not when high), information about a person’s familial class background was the basis of status-related judgements. Our findings speak to the importance that sociocultural contexts play for the understanding of different aspects of social class.
Intelectin-1 binds and alters the localization of the mucus barrier–modifying bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila
Authors: Matute Juan D. , Duan Jinzhi , Flak Magdalena B. , Griebel Paul , Tascon-Arcila Jose A. , Doms Shauni , Hanley Thomas , Antanaviciute Agne , Gundrum Jennifer , Mark Welch Jessica L. , Sit Brandon , Abtahi Shabnam , Fuhler Gwenny M. , Grootjans Joep , Tran Florian , Stengel Stephanie T. , White James R. , Krupka Niklas , Haller Dirk , Clare Simon , Lawley Trevor D. , Kaser Arthur , Simmons Alison , Glickman Jonathan N. , Bry Lynn , Rosenstiel Philip , Borisy Gary , Waldor Matthew K. , Baines John F. , Turner Jerrold R. , Blumberg Richard S.
Published: September 2023

Intelectin-1 (ITLN1) is a lectin secreted by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and upregulated in human ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated how ITLN1 production is regulated in IECs and the biological effects of ITLN1 at the host–microbiota interface using mouse models. Our data show that ITLN1 upregulation in IECs from UC patients is a consequence of activating the unfolded protein response. Analysis of microbes coated by ITLN1 in vivo revealed a restricted subset of microorganisms, including the mucolytic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila. Mice overexpressing intestinal ITLN1 exhibited decreased inner colonic mucus layer thickness and closer apposition of A. muciniphila to the epithelial cell surface, similar to alterations reported in UC. The changes in the inner mucus layer were microbiota and A. muciniphila dependent and associated with enhanced sensitivity to chemically induced and T cell–mediated colitis. We conclude that by determining the localization of a select group of bacteria to the mucus layer, ITLN1 modifies this critical barrier. Together, these findings may explain the impact of ITLN1 dysregulation on UC pathogenesis.
Maternal diet during early gestation influences postnatal taste activity–dependent pruning by microglia
Authors: Sun Chengsan , Zheng Shuqiu , Perry Justin S.A. , Norris Geoffrey T. , Cheng Mei , Kong Fanzhen , Skyberg Rolf , Cang Jianhua , Erisir Alev , Kipnis Jonathan , Hill David L.
Published: September 2023

A key process in central sensory circuit development involves activity-dependent pruning of exuberant terminals. Here, we studied gustatory terminal field maturation in the postnatal mouse nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) during normal development and in mice where their mothers were fed a low NaCl diet for a limited period soon after conception. Pruning of terminal fields of gustatory nerves in controls involved the complement system and is likely driven by NaCl-elicited taste activity. In contrast, offspring of mothers with an early dietary manipulation failed to prune gustatory terminal fields even though peripheral taste activity developed normally. The ability to prune in these mice was rescued by activating myeloid cells postnatally, and conversely, pruning was arrested in controls with the loss of myeloid cell function. The altered pruning and myeloid cell function appear to be programmed before the peripheral gustatory system is assembled and corresponds to the embryonic period when microglia progenitors derived from the yolk sac migrate to and colonize the brain.
Morphology-independent characterization method of postmerger gravitational wave emission from binary neutron star coalescences
Authors: Tringali M C , Puecher A , Lazzaro C , Ciolfi R , Drago M , Giacomazzo B , Vedovato G , Prodi G A
Published: September 2023

Gravitational waves (GWs) emitted during the coalescence of binary neutron star (BNS) systems carry information about the equation of state (EoS) describing the extremely dense matter inside neutron stars (NSs). In particular, the EoS determines the fate of the binary after the merger: a prompt collapse to black hole (BH), or the formation of a NS remnant that is either stable or survives up to a few seconds before collapsing to a BH. Determining the evolution of a BNS system will therefore place strong constraints on the EoS. We present a morphology-independent method, developed in the framework of the coherentWaveBurst analysis of signals from ground-based interferometric detectors of GWs. The method characterizes the time-frequency postmerger GW emission from a BNS system, and determines whether, after the merger, it formed a remnant NS or promptly collapsed to a BH. We measure the following quantities to characterize the postmerger emission: ratio of signal energies and match of luminosity profile in different frequency bands, weighted central frequency and bandwidth. From these quantities, based on the study of signals simulated through injections of numerical relativity waveforms, we build a statistics to discriminate between the different scenarios after the merger. Finally, we test our method on a set of signals simulated with new models, to estimate its efficiency as a function of the source distance.
Multi-physical quantity sensing based on magnetized plasma spherical photonic crystals with evanescent wave
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhu Tian-Qi , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a novel structure of magnetized plasma spherical photonic crystals is proposed that enables the development of sensors based on the evanescent wave principle. This sensor structure integrates plasma with two isotropic media and applies periodic boundary conditions. Leveraging the principle of the evanescent wave, when the incident light is perpendicular to the interface of a medium with high optical density or thickness and the incident angle exceeds a critical angle, the transfer matrix method is utilized to compute the sharp peaks in the transmission spectrum. Subsequently, sensors produced using these sharp absorption peaks can detect the magnetic induction intensity, plasma frequency, and solution concentration of serum creatinine. The sensitivity and quality factors of these measurements are 8.35 × 1010 T−1, 3583, 1.5 × 10−4 (2πc/d)−1, 2970, 3.55, and 22 824, respectively. Furthermore, a detection limit of 9.155 02 × 10−6 RIU should be taken into account to ensure the normal operation of serum creatinine detection, satisfying the minimum requirements of biosensing.
Remaining useful life prediction for space bearing with cage friction fault based on data pre-screening and gated recurrent unit
Authors: Wang Jianwen , Pan Qiang , He Tian , Wang Hong , Qing Tao
Published: September 2023

The remaining useful life (RUL) of bearings in space inertia actuators is crucial for performance maintenance requirements. But it is quite difficult to accurately predict the RUL of space bearings due to the significant intermittency and nonstationary properties caused by cage friction faults commonly occurring during the operation of the actuator. This paper proposes a data-driven method for RUL prediction of space bearings by incorporating the gated recurrent unit network with a novel data pre-screening approach. In the proposed method, a stacked autoencoder and clustering approach are introduced into the data pre-processing method, and a health index called Overrun-Distance is constructed for lifetime assessment. To verify the proposed method, a series of vibration tests on flywheels equipped with space bearings are conducted and used for RUL evaluation. The results show that the proposed RUL prediction method is applicable to space bearings for RUL prediction with high accuracy and effectiveness.
Editorial for focus on manipulations of atomic and molecular layers and its applications in energy, environment sciences and optoelectronic devices
Authors: Chang Sheng Hsiung , Meng Xiangbo , Liu Jian , Tsai Dung-Sheng , Wang Xinwei , Chuang Chiashain , Chen Cheng-Ying , Li Aidong
Published: September 2023

This Focus aims at showcasing the significance of manipulating atomic and molecular layers for various applications. To this end, this Focus collects 15 original research papers featuring the applications of atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor deposition, wet chemistry, and some other methods for manipulations of atomic and molecular layers in lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, catalysis, field-effect transistors, optoelectronics, and others.
Transition between continuous and discrete spectra of high-wavenumber turbulence in neutral gas pressure scan experiments on a linear magnetized plasma
Authors: Kawachi Yuichi , Sasaki Makoto , Nishizawa Takashi , Kosuga Yusuke , Terasaka Kenichiro , Inagaki Shigeru , Yamada Takuma , Kasuya Naohiro , Moon Chanho , Nagashima Yoshihiko , Fujisawa Akihide
Published: September 2023

Spectral transition between continuous and discrete spectra has been observed in high-wavenumber turbulence excitation experiments. The transition appeared in neutral gas scanning, which shows that continuous spectra dominate at low gas pressures and discrete spectra dominate at high gas pressures. Both spectra have well smaller spatial scale than the ion effective Larmor radius. The discrete spectra have 6–11 peaks and maximum peak values at 4th or 5th peak. Correlation length analysis reveals that the continuous component is turbulent and the discrete component is coherent. The bicoherence analysis shows that the turbulent spectra have finite nonlinear coupling, whereas the discrete spectra have no corresponding coupling.
Isotope effect in plasmas driven by ECR modules towards H– and D– production
Authors: Mitrou M , Svarnas P , Béchu S , Aleiferis S
Published: September 2023

Optimization of negative ion sources operated with deuterium may be limited by the lack of data on fundamental processes. Insight can be obtained from studies focusing on a direct comparison of

H

2

and

D

2

plasmas. Herein, the ECR volume negative ion source ‘Prometheus I’ operates with both

H

2

and

D

2

gases and the properties of the generated plasmas are probed by means of electrostatic probe and laser induced photo-detachment. A parametric study, involving pressure and microwave (2.45 GHz) power variation, reveals similar qualitative trends for most of the plasma properties in both gases. However, quantitively, differences do exist for the plasma potential, the electron density and temperature, and the negative ion to electron density ratio. Electron energy distribution functions are thus isotope dependent. Overall, nearly the same maximal

H

−

and

D

−

negative ion densities are achieved (i.e.

4
×
1

0

9

 c

m

−
3

). The results are eventually elucidated with respect to the ECR heating mechanism, and the production and destruction paths of the negative ions.
Catalysis of entanglement and other quantum resources
Authors: Datta Chandan , Varun Kondra Tulja , Miller Marek , Streltsov Alexander
Published: September 2023

In chemistry, a catalyst is a substance which enables a chemical reaction or increases its rate, while remaining unchanged in the process. Instead of chemical reactions, quantum catalysis enhances our ability to convert quantum states into each other under physical constraints. The nature of the constraints depends on the problem under study and can arise, e.g. from energy preservation. This article reviews the most recent developments in quantum catalysis and gives a historical overview of this research direction. We focus on the catalysis of quantum entanglement and coherence, and also discuss this phenomenon in quantum thermodynamics and general quantum resource theories. We review applications of quantum catalysis and also discuss the recent efforts on universal catalysis, where the quantum state of the catalyst does not depend on the states to be transformed. Catalytic embezzling is also considered, a phenomenon that occurs if the catalyst’s state can change in the transition.