bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application Of A Scientific Approach To Improve Learning Outcomes In The Mini Volleyball Game (Classroom Action Research on Grade VI Students of SD Negeri 72 Lubuklingau Academic Year 2022/2023)
Authors: Adiputra Ahmad Mahendra , Simamora Hotlider H
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to apply a scientific approach to improve learning outcomes in the game of mini volleyball for class VI students at SD Negeri 72 Lubuk Linggau in 2023. Classroom Action Research uses an approach that lasts 2 cycles, each cycle has one meeting consisting of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were 32 students in class V I of SD Negeri 72 Lubuklinggau , with 15 male students and 17 female students . While the data collection methods used were observation and performance tests, data processing used descriptive percentages. Student learning outcomes increased in cycle I with an average score of 68 and increased in cycle II with an average student score of 83. Likewise, the percentage of students who succeeded in each cycle also increased. With a percentage of success results of 47% (15 students) in cycle I then 94% (30 students) in cycle II. Thus, it can be concluded that the scientific approach can improve the learning outcomes of the mini volleyball game in class V I students at SD Negeri 72 Lubuklinggau in the 2022/2023 academic year . The suggestion is that a scientific approach should be an alternative choice in playing mini volleyball for physical education and health teachers.
Rejuvenating organisational performance through private enterprise in Nigeria
Authors: Bakwuye Casmir Obi , Kifordu A. Anthony , Osazevbauru Henry
Published: January 2024

The study examined the effect of private enterprise on organizational performance of SMEs in, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to: determine the effect of knowledge capital on organisational performance of SMEs and Starrt -up -capital on organizational performance  in SMEs in Nigeria.  The study was anchored on resource-based theory. The research design method that was used for the study is a descriptive survey research design. A sample size of 400 SMEs employees of selected SMEs in Nigeria was randomly selected. The sample size was determined by using Taro Yamane. The study used descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses to analyze the data collected for the study.  Finding showed that Knowledge Capital (β = 0.345, P < 0.01) and Start -Up (β = 0.117, P < 0.01) have significant positive effect on organizational performance. It was concluded that private enterprise capital has a significant positive effect on organizational performance. It was recommended to achieve the organizational performance; management of private enterprise should continue to provide the right framework to support business and stakeholders to create an environment suitable for financial capital when required and proper application and management of start-up capital in business. The study established that customer retention and social interaction  is influenced by the level of relationship between  entrepreneurship  capital  and organizational performance, validated screening of resources, upheld the critical importance of  knowledge and human  capital as well as ensuring a workable and initial  financial  capital navigates the business towards organizational performance.
Sustaining organisational performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through entrepreneurship
Authors: Bakwuye Casmir Obi , Osazevbauru Henry , Kifordu A. Anthony
Published: January 2024

The study examined the effect of entrepreneurship capital on organizational performance of SMEs in South-South, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to: to examine the effect of Social Capital on organisational performance of SME’S in South-South Nigeria; ascertain the effect of loan and grant on organizational Performance of SME’S in South South Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was used. A sample size of 400 SMEs employees of selected SMEs was used. The study used descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses to analyze the data collected for the study.  Finding showed that Social Capital (β =0.250, p=0.000< 0.05) and Loan and Grant (β =0.224, p=0.000< 0.05) have significant positive effect on organizational performance. It was concluded that entrepreneurship capital has a significant positive effect on organizational performance. It was recommended to achieve organizational performance; management of SMEs should continue to leverage on social capital to positively influence the performance. The study established that customer retention and social interaction is influenced by the level of relationship between entrepreneurship capital and organizational performance.
Efectividad de la cal como aditivo estabilizador según el grado de expansión de la arcilla
Authors: Moreira Mendoza Jonathan David , Ortiz Hernández Eduardo
Published: January 2024

Este estudio sobre la efectividad de la cal como aditivo estabilizador en suelos arcillosos, abordó la incertidumbre sobre su eficacia en términos específicos, considerando el grado de expansión del suelo y los porcentajes de aplicación. La investigación se enfocó geotécnicos en tres sectores de la región de Manabí, donde la presencia de suelos expansivos afecta la estabilidad de las obras civiles. Se identificaron problemas geotécnicos significativos en suelos expansivos, como su elevada plasticidad y cambios volumétricos asociados a la humedad. La capacidad portante limitada de la subrasante es un desafío recurrente en pavimentos. La intervención para mejorar estos suelos se consideró esencial, y la investigación se centró en evaluar la efectividad de la cal en diferentes grados de expansión. Se adoptó un enfoque mixto, con predominio cuantitativo, realizando ensayos de laboratorio para establecer la eficacia de la cal. Los resultados contribuyeron a un entendimiento sólido de la estabilización del suelo y sugirieron que ajustar los porcentajes de cal es crucial para optimizar la estabilización sin comprometer la compactación del suelo. Estos hallazgos fueron valiosos para informar futuros proyectos de construcción en áreas con suelos expansivos, destacando la importancia de considerar la variabilidad geotécnica para soluciones técnicas y económicas efectivas.
Salt Wasting Syndrome: Serial Cases
Authors: Anggelia Vivi , Nugroho Agung Adi , Ayu Nyoman Paramita , Adnyana I Wayan Losen
Published: January 2024

Hyponatremia is one of the electrolyte disturbances that can be found in patients with central nervous system disorders, the most cases of hyponatremia are the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone/SIADH compared to hyponatremia in Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome/CSWS and it is not uncommon to also occur in patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment without accompanying head abnormalities are referred to as Renal Salt Wasting Syndrome (RSWS). There is difficulty differentiating these two conditions due to almost the same clinical symptoms. Evaluation of volume status and monitoring of urate excretion fraction can help differentiate SIADH from RSWS and CSWS. Management requiring prompt diagnosis is essential to prevent severe hyponatremia from substantially causing cerebral edema and thereby reducing the risk of seizures. Fluid resuscitation therapy and sodium restoration are important. This case series report injured 2 CSWS patients after head trauma with different treatments and hyponatremia due to cisplatin induced RSWS.
Design and Testing of Electrosurgery Unit
Authors: Safitri Meilia , Pranata Adrian , Irfan Muhammad , Ibrahim Muhammad Hamka
Published: January 2024

Bleeding during surgery is common in major surgical operations. So, it is not recommended to make an incision using a conventional scalpel. As an alternative to replacing a conventional scalpel, an electric scalpel or know as electrosurgery unit (ESU) is made by utilizing a high frequency whose duty cycle can be adjusted and then being focused on one point is a solution to prevent bleeding. This research will design a bipolar electric scalpel or bipolar electrosurgical unit with a frequency of 210-250 KHz and an input voltage of 50-90 VDC to perform pure cuts on chicken meat samples. The box pulse frequency will be generated from IC 4069. The output of the oscillator generator will read the high and low voltage on the Arduino Nano digital pin. The current will be amplified at the oscillator output and then processed in the inverter driver circuit. The selection of the DC input voltage will use a voltage driver circuit. The inverter driver output and voltage driver will be step-up to get a maximum power of 10.4W with a resistance of 100Ω at a frequency setting of 210 KHz and an input voltage of 90 VDC and a minimum power of 1.4W with a resistance of 100Ω at a frequency setting of 250 KHz and input voltage 50 VDC.
Interface Design of DJI Tello Quadcopter Flight Control
Authors: Fahmizal  , Afidah Danis , Istiqphara Swadexi , Abu Nur Syuhadah
Published: January 2024

Quadcopter is an unmanned, remote-controlled aircraft. This quadcopter has various types, in this study, the DJI Tello is used. The aim is to create a DJI Tello quadcopter flying control interface with Processing IDE, where the DJI Tello quadcopter will be controlled via a keyboard, joystick, and Graphical User Interface (GUI). Programmed through the Processing IDE, so the quadcopter can be controlled via the keyboard. The functions of some keys on the keyboard and joystick will be used to control the quadcopter's flying. To control these flying, several libraries available in the Processing IDE are required, while the GUI will function to read how the conditions of the quadcopter when the quadcopter and processing IDE are connected. The testing results show that the GUI can display the same position as the actual DJI Tello based on the data communication.
Movement Control of Three Omni-Wheels Robot using Pole Placement State Feedback and PID Control
Authors: Swadexi Istiqphara  , Ulya Darajat Anisa , Fahmizal  , Ferdous Mohammad Farhan
Published: January 2024

Omni wheels robot have high efficiency in robot movement, but also have its own challenges in controlling this robot, especially robots with three omni wheels (3WD). This paper proposes a robot control system using the pole placement state feedback method to control the inner loop which controls the body reference speed, and PID method is used to control the outer loop which controls the robot's position in world coordinates. The results obtained using computer simulations show that the proposed method is able to control the robot's position in world coordinates even though there is an overshoot of 5- 10% on X and yaw axis, however the Y axis performance is overshoot more than 100% because of coupled effect thats still cannot be eliminated.
Voltage Stability Control of Boost Converter Using Linear Quadratic Integrator
Authors: Muthmainnah Nurul Fitri , Al Tahtawi Adnan Rafi , Baisrum Baisrum
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes an optimal control design to regulate output voltage of DC/DC boost converter. Linear Quadratic Integrator (LQI) was designed by determining Q and R weighting matrices in order to minimize error output voltage on several disturbance scenarios. The state-space average model of the boost converter is generated using MATLAB/Simulink, while the controller gain is obtained using LQI function on MATLAB/M-file. We also conduct simple hardware experiment using Arduino board as the main controller. The simulation results for the two test scenarios, namely changing input condition and changing load condition show an IAE value was less than 0.2. In the hardware experiment result, the steady-state error value was less than 9.5% for the both test scenarios.
Smart Dc to DC converter for a Small Drone Based upon Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Al-bahrany Mays Abbas , Sadda Ahmad T. Abdul
Published: January 2024

Flying a small robot like a drone needs more conservative energy, small solar cell size needs to robust efficient DC-to-DC converter. Mathematical analysis for finding the optimal duty cycle in the PWM (pulse width modulation) is presented at different supplies voltage, considering a low voltage of 8 volts for low-speed motor rotation speed and 18 volts for high speed of the rotation motor. The dc-dc converter gets the power desired from the small robotic by using a dc-dc buck-boost converter with (PID control, smart tuning different rules fuzzy logic control, and a hybrid fuzzy-PID controller as one solution to be improved the controller to be capable on process any disturbances on the inductor or the desired value of the output voltage of the dc-dc converter
Rotary Inverted Pendulum Control with Pole Placement
Authors: Fahmizal  , Geonoky  , Maghfiroh Hari
Published: January 2024

The inverted pendulums are multivariable and highly unstable dynamic systems. The inverted pendulum has been used to answer many modern control and control system designs because it has several problems relating to the system model of nonlinearity, difficulty, and inactivity. In this research, the main topic is the rotatory inverted pendulum. Circular path to eliminate the path that is on the pendulum that is traversed by the transversal path. In this paper, the Inverted Rotatory Pendulum is analyzed by state feedback which is adjusted by pole placement. The result of design selection in the system is very important to pay attention to the area where the pendulum will reach the point of agreement.
Use of Vacuum to Increase the Effectiveness of X-Ray Tube Maintenance
Authors: Alya Izzaty Bika  , Meilia Safitri  , Erika Loniza  , Bagus Roni Yusuf  , Djoko Sukwono
Published: January 2024

Each device requires redundancy, including the X-ray machine. In an X-ray machine, there is an important component as the location for the creation of X-rays, namely the X-ray tube. This tube needs routine maintenance to increase the tube's lifetime. In addition, maintenance that was originally done manually, with this device can be done automatically and more quickly. In addition, maintenance that was originally done manually can be done automatically and faster with this device. X-ray tube oil vacuum is used as an effective solution for the maintenance of an X-ray tube machine that lasts for days. This device comes with easy use, equipped with two buttons and a display. This device can increase the productivity of both the device and the technician itself. The application of the use of X-ray tube oil vacuum is intended for hospitals and health facilities that have active X-ray machines. This device has been able to be built. Based on the results, it has a 2.5% error for the measurement at minimum and maximum pressure and a 3% error at -15 KPa pressure. The volume of the X-ray tube fully filled is always the same for each measurement. It can be concluded that this device can be effective in time because it only takes minutes to fill the X-ray tube up to full. Still, many parts can be improved and developed, such as the size and the weight.
GWO-PID of Two-phase Hybrid Stepping Motor for Robotic Grinding Force
Authors: Abdullah Fatin Nabeel , Aziz Ghada Adel , Shneen Salam Waley
Published: January 2024

The use of the computer program MATLAB is prominent in many studies that simulate many industrial systems. The current simulation aims to build a suitable simulation model representing the Two-phase Hybrid Stepping Motor (2Ph-HSM). This type of motor is employed in a specific application to produce a force called automatic grinding force. To control the force, motor speed, and location, we need to add control systems, so two methods have been proposed, one of which is traditional, namely proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control and the other is intelligent, called Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO). The current work also aims to use traditional control algorithms and advanced optimization algorithms that were chosen for their ease of control and possibility of use in many industrial applications. By setting appropriate specifications for the simulation model and after conducting prescribed tests that simulate different applications of the motor’s work within electrical systems, the results demonstrated good motor performance, better response, and high accuracy, in addition to speed. The goal is to design and tune a proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller by gray wolf optimization (GWO) using the transfer function (TF) of a 2Ph-HSM. To adjust the parameters of conventional controllers using advanced optimization, a suitable mechanism and technique were selected from advanced optimization techniques, where the gray wolf technique algorithm was chosen as an optimization technique and Integrated Time Absolute Error (ITAE) to adjust the parameters of conventional PID controller.
Fuzzy Controller from Experts’ Rules for Middle Axis Ball and Beam
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Quan , Nguyen Manh-Cuong , Trinh Quang-Huy , Nguyen Trung-Nghia , Ngo Van-Thiet , Phu Huynh-Manh-Trien , Nguyen Pham-Minh-Duc , Nguyen Phu-Tan , Le Van-Truong , Dinh Le-Hai-Duong , Dam Thuan-An , Nguyen Duc-Huy , Nguyen Van-Dong-Hai
Published: January 2024

The present study examined the nonlinear system of Ball and Beam, to design an intelligent controller for this dynamic system. The authors formulated a mathematical model for the system and performed simulation testing using MATLAB to control it. It is noteworthy that the mathematical model was exclusively used for simulation purposes and not for building the controller. The author's team then proceeded to develop a Fuzzy Controller for the simulation model of the Ball and Beam system. Subsequently, the team tested the Fuzzy controller on the actual Ball and Beam model. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of building and controlling an intelligent controller for a nonlinear object, without relying on its mathematical model. The findings of the study can be useful in designing and controlling complex systems that are difficult to model mathematically.
Research on smart baby cradle using sensor technology
Authors:   Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, BIT College, Ballarpur, Maharashtra, India., Roshan Katakwar Shubhangi , Vasant Kuntawar Sunil
Published: January 2024

A support is a gadget intended to assist infants with nodding off, utilizing a delicate side-to-side shaking movement. Be that as it may, it requests impressive actual exertion from guardians to produce this swinging movement physically. Moreover, consistent oversight is expected to screen the child's exercises when they are set inside the support. In the contemporary period of mechanical headway, guardians regularly wrestle with a horde of difficulties in offsetting their expert obligations with the sustaining needs of their kids. Our paper means to resolve the common issues looked by guardians by presenting an inventive IoT-based Savvy Support Observing Framework. The key goal is to ease the nurturing difficulties by making an answer that guides in the consistent observing of babies. The Shrewd Support includes a mechanized swinging component set off by the recognition of a child's crying sound. Moreover, it consolidates an inherent camera to give ceaseless reconnaissance, engaging guardians with an improved capacity to watch out for their kid. To accomplish this usefulness, we have consistently incorporated parts like Arduino, sound sensors, wetness sensors, and the swinging system, among other electronic components, into the customary support plan. This overhauled arrangement offers increased productivity and unwavering quality as well as outperforms the capacities of traditional supports, giving guardians an additional viable method for really focusing on their newborn children. Key Word: IoT Innovation, Brilliant Child Support.
Immunological Changes with Age and Innovative Approaches to Bolster Immune Function in Older Adults
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, R Ukibe Nkiruka , Rita Dike Chizoba ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ihim A.C. ,   1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ukibe Ezinne G. ,   Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ukibe Blessing C. ,   Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ukibe Victory Ezennia ,   Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: January 2024

Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in immune function, known as immunosenescence, which renders elderly individuals more susceptible to infections, reduced vaccine efficacy, and increased incidence of autoimmune diseases and cancer. This decline in immunity is characterized by alterations in both innate and adaptive immune responses, including reduced T-cell diversity, impaired function of antigen-presenting cells, and dysregulated cytokine production. Additionally, inflammaging, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, further contributes to age-related immune dysfunction. Strategies aimed at enhancing immunity in aging individuals have garnered significant attention. Promising interventions include lifestyle modifications encompassing regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and adequate sleep, which can positively impact immune function. Furthermore, vaccination strategies tailored for the elderly, such as high-dose vaccines or adjuvanted formulations, aim to bolster vaccine efficacy. Immunomodulatory therapies, including supplementation with specific micronutrients and pharmacological interventions targeting immune senescence, hold promise for rejuvenating immune responses in older individuals. Understanding the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence and inflammaging is critical in developing targeted approaches to enhance immunity in aging populations. A holistic approach combining lifestyle interventions, vaccination strategies, and innovative immunomodulatory therapies holds potential for mitigating the impact of agerelated immune decline and improving overall healthspan in the elderly. Keywords: Immunosenescence, Aging, Immunity, Inflammaging, Elderly, Immunomodulation, Vaccination Strategies, Immune Rejuvenation, Geriatrics
The threat of Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries: Causes and Control Strategies
Authors:   Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, Imam Umar Asiya , Zahrau Abdulqadir ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
Published: January 2024

The causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries are complex and may be rooted in practices of health care professionals and patients’ behavior towards the use of antimicrobials as well as supply chains of antimicrobials in the population. Some of these factors may include inappropriate prescription practices, inadequate patient education, limited diagnostic facilities, unauthorized sale of antimicrobials, lack of appropriate functioning drug regulatory mechanisms, and non-human use of antimicrobials such as in animal production. Considering that these factors in developing countries may vary from those in developed countries, intervention efforts in developing countries need to address the context and focus on the root causes specific to this part of the world. Here, we describe these health-seeking behaviors that lead to the threat of AMR and healthcare practices that drive the development of AMR in developing countries and we discuss alternatives for disease prevention as well as other treatment options worth exploring. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Causes and Control Strategies
Abnormal Lipid Profile Level in Neonates and Possible Development of Atherosclerosis in Adulthood: Mini Review
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria, Emokpae Mathias Abiodun , Olusegun Timothy God-Giveth ,   2School of Medical Laboratory Technology, O.L.A Catholic Hospital, Oluyoro Oke-Ofa, Egbeyemi Oluwasina Moses ,   3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Irakeji., Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: January 2024

The lipid profile during the neonatal period plays a pivotal role in determining the future risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Abnormal lipid levels in neonates have been associated with an increased propensity for the development of atherosclerosis later in life. This review aims to explore the significance of abnormal lipid profiles in neonates and their potential implications for the development of atherosclerosis in adulthood. The discussion encompasses the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism in early life, the impact of various factors on lipid levels in neonates, and the long-term consequences of abnormal lipid profiles. Understanding the relationship between neonatal lipid profiles and the risk of atherosclerosis in adulthood is crucial for developing preventive strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases in later life. This review synthesizes idea from existing literature to provide insights into the importance of early lipid assessment and its implications for long-term cardiovascular health. Keywords: Abnormal Lipid Profile, Neonates, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Risk, Lipid Metabolism, Early Life, Long-term Health, Preventive Strategies, Cardiovascular Disease
Bacterial Colonization of Students’ Bath Towels in a Tertiary Educational Centre in Owo, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria., S. O Onemu , F. G. Ademulegun ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria., H O Awogbemila ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   Department of Medical laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: January 2024

Bath towels are designed to assimilate profuse amount of moisture and in the process may also absorb microorganisms that are present. These microorganisms remain viable and multiply within the moist towel to become vehicles for the transmission of infectious agents especially through contaminated hands to food, household items and the surrounding environment. The study was intended to know the level of bacterial colonization of bath towels of students in a tertiary educational institution in Owo, Ondo State. Students’ bath towels were swabbed with cotton wool-tipped swab sticks and teased into 5 mL sterile 0.85% sodium chloride. This was diluted ten-folds serially: 10-1 , 10-2 , 10-3 ... 10-10, and 0.1 mL each was inoculated onto standard bacteriological media. The cultures were incubated at 37oC overnight before reading. Bacterial counts increased significantly (p<0.05) from 3.4 x 104 in first week of laundry to 2.9 x 108 in towels laundered after three weeks of use. Staphylococcus aureus (74.3%) was the predominant isolate. Escherichia coli (20.2%) was the next frequently recovered microorganism. Other isolates were Klebsiella species (3.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.8%) was the least recovered organism. The isolates were most susceptible to pefloxacin, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa that had better susceptibility to gentamycin. The high level of bacterial colonization of bath towels with some of the regular microorganisms implicated in most human diseases brings to fore the urgent need for education on the basics of the bath towel hygiene. Keywords: Bath towels, colonization, contamination, hands, infection
Enhancing Sales Demand Prediction for Supply Chain Management: A Dimensionality Reduction Approach at Mukwano Company Limited, Uganda
Authors:   Department of Computing, Kampala International University, Uganda., Mercy Katushabe , Paul Akampurira ,   Department of Computing, Kampala International University, Uganda., Eze Val Hyginus Udoka ,   Department of Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer Engineering, Kampala International University, Uganda.
Published: January 2024

In the dynamic landscape of today's business environment, the accurate prediction of sales demand plays a pivotal role for companies striving to maintain competitiveness. This study focuses on refining demand sales prediction for supply chain management at Mukwano Industries Limited through the application of dimensionality reduction techniques. The research involved a systematic iterative process encompassing problem identification, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, validation, optimization, and documentation. To ensure confidentiality, secondary data from the Mukwano IT department underwent meticulous merging and anonymization. Four dimensionality reduction algorithms, namely PCA, SVD, MDS, and t-SNE, were employed and evaluated using RMSE metrics. The results reveal that MDS and t-SNE exhibited exceptional performance, achieving accuracies of 89% and 88.8%, respectively. PCA and SVD also demonstrated commendable performance with an accuracy of 82.4%. The study underscores the crucial role of dimensionality reduction in enhancing predictive accuracy and optimizing inventory management. Recommendations include the incorporation of feature selection and regularization techniques to address the challenges associated with the curse of dimensionality. In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights into the effectiveness of diverse dimensionality reduction techniques for demand prediction and inventory management. Additionally, the study highlights the need to address the curse of dimensionality and suggests exploring further research avenues in other aspects of supply chain management. These recommendations are essential for guiding future research efforts in this evolving field. Keywords: Demand sales prediction, Supply chain management, Feature selection, Inventory management, Predictive accuracy
Assessment of the Problems Associated with the use of Public Latrine System in Ife-North Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors:   1University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, Onyeaghala Emmanuella Ogechi , Maxwel Esther Adebanke ,   Department of Environmental Science and Resources Management, Faculty of Science, National Open University of Nigeria, Osogbo Study Centre, Nigeria, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda, Hassan Abdulwasiu Oladele ,   University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: January 2024

Public toilets are an essential means of sanitation in some developed countries and have been the only possible alternative for many people living in low-income, heavily populated, and informal settlements. The aim of this study was to assess the problems associated with the use of public latrine system in Ife-north local government, Osun State. The data used for the study were obtained through well-structured questionnaires. A total of 181 questionnaires were distributed and 150 questionnaires were retrieved, while 31 questionnaires were missing. The respondents were selected randomly for the study. The descriptive statistics showed that male respondents were the major participants in this study. 80% of the respondents in the study area had access to public toilet. The respondents identified Sit latrine as the major type of latrine system available in the area. This study revealed that majority (40.66%) of the households used the latrine every day and the latrine was being maintained properly by the community. The result of this study showed that 86.66% of the respondents were reported to have contacted diseases as a result of public latrine use. This study has shown that poor maintenance of practice exposed the users of latrine to various diseases. This study recommended that Community leaders must ensure that users have been sensitized on the correct use, appropriate maintenance, hand washing and other basic hygiene practices Keywords: Public toilets, sanitation, developed countries
Impact of Vaginal Douching on Women's Health; Benefits and Potential Health Risk
Authors:   Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Imam Umar Asiya , Onyemowo Adikwu Pamela ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: January 2024

For decades, vaginal douching, the practice involving the cleansing of the vaginal canal with water or mixture of fluids has ignited controversy, sparking debates about its potential benefits and detrimental impacts on women's health. The risks of vaginal douching far outweigh any unproven benefits as this procedure provides a pressurized fluid vehicle for pathogen transport, helping lower genital tract infections ascend above the cervix, into the uterus, fallopian tubes and abdominal cavity, disrupting natural equilibrium of the vagina and leading to a wide range of adverse outcomes including pelvic inflammatory disease, bacterial vaginosis, cervical cancer, poor pregnancy outcomes, sexually transmitted infections, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, and infertility. Additionally, douching may interfere with the body's natural defense mechanisms against pathogens, making it easier for infections to take hold. Furthermore, some douching products contain harsh chemicals that can irritate the vaginal tissue and cause discomfort or pain and therefore, a strict reevaluation of the practice's necessity for women's health is recommended as the best way to support vaginal health is to ensure good overall hygiene and let the body's natural processes do their job. Keywords: Douching, Women, Benefits and Health risk
Knowledge and Practice of Caregivers about Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy in Management of Diarrhea in Ishaka Adventist Hospital Bushenyi District
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University, Ahmed Najma Ali
Published: January 2024

Diarrhoea induced dehydration remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in Ishaka Adventist Hospital’s catchment area. This study was therefore conducted to determine the Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) knowledge and practices of caregivers with under 5-year-old children. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and practices of caregivers of children under 5 years of age regarding ORT. Data was collected from 100 caregivers using stratified and convenient sampling, through an interviewer admitted structured questionnaire for knowledge on ORT and an observation checklist for use of ORT. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel program and presented as descriptive statistics. Caregivers of children under 5 years of age, in general, were found to be equipped with average knowledge about oral rehydration Therapy although the majority did not know how to prepare ORT for use in the prevention/management of dehydration caused by diarrhoea. It can thus be concluded that the ORS knowledge and practices among caregivers were deficient. The implication of this finding is that more needs to be done to strengthen the quality of ORT promotional messages and education given to caregivers in terms of the actual function of ORT so that they can appreciate why it is critical to use it with the onset of diarrhoea. Keywords: Diarrhoea, Infant mortality, Oral Rehydration Therapy, Watery stool.
Maternal and Child-related Factors influencing Breastfeeding Practices among Children 0 to 24 months in Bushenyi district, Uganda
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda., Isa Aminu Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine the factors influencing breastfeeding practices among children aged 0-24 months in Bushenyi district, Uganda. The study involved 346 lactating mothers from three hospitals in the district. A structured interview was used to gather data. The study found that age, maternal education, and knowledge of breastfeeding practices were significantly associated with breastfeeding practices. The majority of respondentsinitiated breastfeeding with their children within 1 hour, with 71.4% of respondents still practicing early breastfeeding (EBF) with their children below 6 months. Only 31.9% of respondents of children above 6 months reported practicing EBF with their children, while 68.1% did not. The majority of mothers breastfed their children for at least 2 years, but overall breastfeeding practice was poor, with only 41.3% having good practices. Most children were between 1-2 months old, with most being female and weighing 2.5-3.0kg at birth. The study found that only 31.9% of mothers exclusively breastfed their infants. The study suggests that obstetric and neonatal medical services should be improved to help children initiate breastfeeding early, preventing missed colostrum and nutrient deficiencies. Keywords: Children 0-24 months, Breastfeeding Practices, Mothers, Child deaths, Breast mi
Utilization of Contraceptives and Associated Factors among Students of Kampala International University-Western Campus Ishaka, Bushenyi District, Uganda
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda., Tamida Andrew Abashe
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the utilization of contraceptives and associated factors among students of Kampala International University-Western Campus Ishaka, Bushenyi District, Uganda. A descriptive crosssectional study design was used. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 136 final-year students from the School of Allied Health Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Faculty of Business and Management. The majority 112 (82.4%) of the respondents reported that they had ever used contraceptives and 95 (69.9%) reported that they were currently using contraceptives. The majority 118(86.6%) of the participants have ever had sex and among them, half 59(50.0%) had their first sex when they were above 20 years. The majority 81(68.6%) reported that they first used contraceptives when they were above 20 years and the type of contraceptives they used was condoms (52.5%). Most 66(48.5%) of the participants always use contraceptives while 59 (43.4%) seldom use and 56 (41.1%) of them stated that they use contraceptives when their partners are in their unsafe days. Concerning the knowledge about contraceptives, most 51(37.5%) reported that contraceptives are important to prevent pregnancies, and STDs and to promote child spacing. Most 51(37.5%) of the participants preferred to use condoms while 37(27.2%) preferred to use safe day methods. Regarding their reasons for their preferred contraceptives, 55(40.4%) said because they were affordable and 15(36.6%) indicated that their reason for not using contraceptives is to enjoy sex. Stakeholders should design, launch and implement inclusive youth-friendly services, adolescent sexual and reproductive health programs prioritizing the use of contraceptives, students’ empowerment in regard to sexual rights and reproductive health, behavioural change communications, and create an enabling environment for contraceptive use. Keywords: Sexual intercourse, Unintended pregnancy, Contraceptives, Condoms
Current trends in the laboratory diagnosis of schistosomiasis infection
Authors:   Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Imam Umar Asiya , Sirajo Aliyu Bazza ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: January 2024

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects about 290 million patients worldwide. Children aged between 5 and 14 years represent 45.8% of the affected patients, in addition, schistosomiasis has been reported in Schistosoma-free areas, mostly because of tourism and immigration from endemic countries. Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is mainly diagnosed via direct stool examination for egg detection. Immunological methods are favoured for disease monitoring and preliminary checking for communities in areas with low infection rates, and for patients with light and chronic infections where parasitological tests are negative. PCR-based diagnostic techniques are more sensitive, but expensive. Tegument proteins and miRNAs are promising markers for diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Diagnosis and current trends
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Cervical Cancer Screening Among Students Aged 18-30 at Kampala International University
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda, Martha Atuhairwe
Published: January 2024

Around the world, cervical cancer is a severe public health issue. The odds of survival and treatment success are undoubtedly increased by early screening and identification. The acceptance and adoption of screening techniques are significantly influenced by solid knowledge and good attitudes. There is no comprehensive cervical screening program in place in Uganda, where cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women. But from the late 1980s, selective or opportunistic screening has been carried out. The Ministry of Health relies on screening since it allows for the early detection of pre-cancerous cells and early diagnosis, yet many women choose not to take the test, and no research has been done to determine why. In this study, student’s attitudes and knowledge toward cervical cancer screening at Kampala International University were examined. A cross-sectional analysis was carried out to determine knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer. The study included women who were students at the Kampala International University and were between the ages of 18 and 30. The percentage of screened women was calculated using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, which also elicited their opinions on cervical cancer and screening. In spite of their impressive knowledge and attitudes—100% knew what cervical cancer screening was and what it involved (77.55%), 88.78% believed that Ca. cervix was one of the most common female cancers after breast (55.10%), and 72.45% acknowledged that they were at risk—only 51% of the 196 participants in the study had actually screened for the disease. Few respondents had received a screening, despite the present study's high acceptability rate for cervical cancer screening. Cervical cancer screening still has a lot of misunderstandings and little knowledge. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Screening techniques, Cervical cancer screening, Women, Students.
Enhancing Contraceptive Utilization among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda, Flavia Akello
Published: January 2024

According to the 2015 WHO Family Planning report, approximately 225 million women in developing countries express a desire to delay or cease childbearing but do not utilize any contraceptive methods. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing contraceptive utilization among women aged 15-49 accessing healthcare services at the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) outpatient department of Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH) in the Bunyoro Region. The research adopted a hospital-based cross-sectional design, enrolling mothers attending antenatal, immunization, and family planning clinics at HRRH from April 2021 to May 2021. A total of 113 participants were selected via simple random sampling. Data collection involved both open and closed-ended questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews, covering topics such as knowledge, sociodemographic characteristics, and utilized family planning methods. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16. The median age group was 20-24 years (33.7%), followed by 25-29 years (24.8%), with the lowest representation in the 40-44 age group (2%). The majority of participants had completed primary education (56%), followed by secondary education (19%), while only 10% had no formal education. Overall, participants exhibited satisfactory knowledge regarding family planning. Injectable contraceptives were the most commonly used method (45.5%), followed by implants (6.9%) and pills (5.0%), with intrauterine devices (IUDs) being the least utilized (2.0%). Women aged 20-29 years demonstrated a higher likelihood of contraceptive usage compared to those aged 45-49 years. Education emerged as a significant determinant of contraceptive utilization. Keywords: Family Planning, Contraception, Childbearing, Women, Unintended pregnancy.
Enhancing Utilization of PMTCT Services: Investigating Knowledge Factors Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Mothers at Kiryandongo General Hospital, Western Uganda
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda., Yusuf Kakungulu
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the utilization of PMTCT services among mothers attending the ART clinic at Kiryandongo General Hospital. This was a facility-based cross-sectional which recruited a total of 185 pregnant and lactating mothers attending Kiryandongo Hospital. STATA software version 14.0 was used for data analysis. To identify factors affecting utilization of PMTCT services, univariate analysis and modified Poisson regression run and crude prevalence ratios with 95% confidence interval were used to determine the level of significance at bivariate meanwhile adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated at multivariate analysis to establish independent significant factors. The mean age of the study participants was 25.6 with a standard deviation of 6. Results showed that the mean score on knowledge was 5.21 with a standard deviation of 1.36. The median score was 5 with an interquartile range of 4 to 6. The majority of 59.46% (110/185) of the study participants had inadequate knowledge of PMTCT meanwhile less than of the study participants 40.54% (75/185) had adequate knowledge. The factors independently affecting utilization of PMTCT services were; Unemployment (aPR 4.05, 95%CI 2.19-7.50, P<0.001), Rude and harsh attitude of health workers (aPR 2.17, 95%CI 1.38-3.44, P=0.001). Unsatisfactory services (Apr 2.40, 95%CI 1.22-4.74, P=0.011). The study has shown that there are more than half of the pregnant women and lactating mothers attending Kiryandongo Hospital have inadequate knowledge of PMTCT services. The proportion of mothers found with adequate knowledge of PMTCT in the present study is low compared to most studies done in Africa. At Kiryandongo Hospital, the utilization of PMTCT services among pregnant and lactating mothers was found to be slightly high. Employment status was the only socio-demographic factor affecting the utilization of PMTCT services meanwhile Rude and harsh attitudes of health workers and unsatisfactory services were the health facility-related factors affecting the utilization of PMTCT services. Keywords: HIV, PMTCT services, Children, Pregnant mothers, Lactating mothers.