bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transvenous embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations: a review of techniques, indications, and outcomes
Authors: Chen Ching-Jen , Norat Pedro , Ding Dale , Mendes George A. C. , Tvrdik Petr , Park Min S. , Kalani M. Yashar
Published: July 2018

Endovascular embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is conventionally performed from a transarterial approach. Transarterial AVM embolization can be a standalone treatment or, more commonly, used as a neoadjuvant therapy prior to microsurgery or stereotactic radiosurgery. In contrast to the transarterial approach, curative embolization of AVMs may be more readily achieved from a transvenous approach. Transvenous embolization is considered a salvage therapy in contemporary AVM management. Proposed indications for this approach include a small (diameter < 3 cm) and compact AVM nidus, deep AVM location, hemorrhagic presentation, single draining vein, lack of an accessible arterial pedicle, exclusive arterial supply by perforators, and en passage feeding arteries. Available studies of transvenous AVM embolization in the literature have reported high complete obliteration rates, with reasonably low complication rates. However, evaluating the efficacy and safety of this approach is challenging due to the limited number of published cases. In this review the authors describe the technical considerations, indications, and outcomes of transvenous AVM embolization.
Understanding the complex pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and the evolving role of venous sinus stenting: a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Giridharan Nisha , Patel Smruti K. , Ojugbeli Amanda , Nouri Aria , Shirani Peyman , Grossman Aaron W. , Cheng Joseph , Zuccarello Mario , Prestigiacomo Charles J.
Published: July 2018

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease defined by elevated intracranial pressure without established etiology. Although there is now consensus on the definition of the disorder, its complex pathophysiology remains elusive. The most common clinical symptoms of IIH include headache and visual complaints. Many current theories regarding the etiology of IIH focus on increased secretion or decreased absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on cerebral venous outflow obstruction due to venous sinus stenosis. In addition, it has been postulated that obesity plays a role, given its prevalence in this population of patients. Several treatments, including optic nerve sheath fenestration, CSF diversion with ventriculoperitoneal or lumboperitoneal shunts, and more recently venous sinus stenting, have been described for medically refractory IIH. Despite the availability of these treatments, no guidelines or standard management algorithms exist for the treatment of this disorder. In this paper, the authors provide a review of the literature on IIH, its clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and evidence supporting treatment strategies, with a specific focus on the role of venous sinus stenting.
Dynamic assessment of venous anatomy and function in neurosurgery with real-time intraoperative multimodal ultrasound: technical note
Authors: Prada Francesco , Del Bene Massimiliano , Mauri Giovanni , Lamperti Massimo , Vailati Davide , Richetta Carla , Saini Marco , Santuari Davide , Kalani M. Yashar S. , DiMeco Francesco
Published: July 2018

The relevance of the cerebral venous system is often underestimated during neurosurgical procedures. Damage to this draining system can have catastrophic implications for the patient. Surgical decision-making and planning must consider each component of the venous compartment, from the medullary draining vein to the dural sinuses and extracranial veins. Intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) permits the real-time study of venous compartments using different modalities, thus allowing complete characterization of their anatomical and functional features. The B-mode (brightness mode) offers a high-resolution anatomical representation of veins and their relationships with lesions. Doppler modalities (color, power, spectral) allow the study of blood flow and identification of vessels to distinguish their functional characteristics. Contrast-enhanced US allows one to perform real-time angiosonography showing both the functional and the anatomical aspects of vessels.

In this technical report, the authors demonstrate the different applications of multimodal ioUS in neurosurgery for identifying the anatomical and functional characteristics of the venous compartment. They discuss the general principles and technical nuances of ioUS and analyze their potential implications for the study of various venous districts during neurosurgical procedures.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after vestibular schwannoma surgery: a call for evidence-based management guidelines
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Gozal Yair M. , Alzhrani Gmaan , Karsy Michael , Shelton Clough , Couldwell William T.
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Postoperative cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon complication of posterior fossa surgery. The true incidence of and optimal management strategy for this entity are largely unknown. Herein, the authors report their institutional incidence and management experience of postoperative CVST after vestibular schwannoma surgery.

METHODS

The authors undertook a retrospective review of all vestibular schwannoma cases that had been treated with microsurgical resection at a single institution from December 2011 to September 2017. Patient and tumor characteristics, risk factors, length of stay, surgical approaches, sinus characteristics, CVST management, complications, and follow-up were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 116 patients underwent resection of vestibular schwannoma. The incidence of postoperative CVST was 6.0% (7 patients). All 7 patients developed lateral CVST ipsilateral to the lesion. Four cases occurred after translabyrinthine approaches, 3 occurred after retrosigmoid approaches, and none occurred following middle cranial fossa approaches. Patients were managed with anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. Although patients were generally asymptomatic, one patient experienced intraparenchymal hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and obstructive hydrocephalus, likely as a result of the anticoagulation therapy. However, all 7 patients had a modified Rankin scale score of 1 at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative CVST is an infrequent complication, with an incidence of 6.0% among 116 patients who had undergone vestibular schwannoma surgery at one institution. Moreover, the management of postoperative CVST with anticoagulation therapy poses a serious dilemma to neurosurgeons. Given the paucity of reports in the literature and the low incidence of CVST, additional studies are needed to better understand the cause of thrombus formation and help to establish evidence-based guidelines for CVST management and prevention.
Use of ICG videoangiography and FLOW 800 analysis to identify the patient-specific venous circulation and predict the effect of venous sacrifice: a retrospective study of 172 patients
Authors: Acerbi Francesco , Vetrano Ignazio G. , Sattin Tommaso , Falco Jacopo , de Laurentis Camilla , Zattra Costanza M. , Bosio Lorenzo , Rossini Zefferino , Broggi Morgan , Schiariti Marco , Ferroli Paolo
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

The best management of veins encountered during the neurosurgical approach is still a matter of debate. Even if venous sacrifice were to lead to devastating consequences, under certain circumstances, it might prove to be desirable, enlarging the surgical field or increasing the extent of resection in tumor surgery. In this study, the authors present a large series of patients with vascular or oncological entities, in which they used indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) with FLOW 800 analysis to study the patient-specific venous flow characteristics and the management workflow in cases in which a venous sacrifice was necessary.

METHODS

Between May 2011 and December 2017, 1972 patients were admitted to the authors’ division for tumor and/or neurovascular surgery. They retrospectively reviewed all cases in which ICG-VA and FLOW 800 were used intraoperatively with a specific target in the venous angiographic phase or for the management of venous sacrifice, and whose surgical videos and FLOW 800 analysis were available.

RESULTS

A total of 296 ICG-VA and FLOW 800 studies were performed intraoperatively. In all cases, the venous structures were clearly identifiable and were described according to the flow direction and speed. The authors therefore defined different patterns of presentation: arterialized veins, thrombosed veins, fast-draining veins with anterograde flow, slow-draining veins with anterograde flow, and slow-draining veins with retrograde flow. In 16 cases we also performed a temporary clipping test to predict the effect of the venous sacrifice by the identification of potential collateral circulation.

CONCLUSIONS

ICG-VA and FLOW 800 analysis can provide complete and real-time intraoperative information regarding patient-specific venous drainage pattern and can guide the decision-making process regarding venous sacrifice, with a possible impact on reduction of surgical complications.
Bridging veins and veins of the brainstem in microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm
Authors: Toda Hiroki , Iwasaki Koichi , Yoshimoto Naoya , Miki Yoshihito , Hashikata Hirokuni , Goto Masanori , Nishida Namiko
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

In microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm, the bridging veins are dissected to provide the surgical corridors, and the veins of the brainstem may be mobilized in cases of venous compression. Strategy and technique in dissecting these veins may affect the surgical outcome. The authors investigated solutions for minimizing venous complications and reviewed the outcome for venous decompression.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed their surgical series of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm in patients treated between 2005 and 2017. Surgical strategies included preservation of the superior petrosal vein and its tributaries, thorough dissection of the arachnoid sleeve that enveloped these veins, cutting of the inferior petrosal vein over the lower cranial nerves, and mobilization or cutting of the veins of the brainstem that compressed the nerve roots. The authors summarized the patient characteristics, operative findings, and postoperative outcomes according to the vascular compression types as follows: artery alone, artery and vein, and vein alone. They analyzed the data using chi-square and 1-way ANOVA tests.

RESULTS

The cohort was composed of 121 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and 205 patients with hemifacial spasm. The superior petrosal vein and its tributaries were preserved with no serious complications in all patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Venous compression alone and arterial and venous compressions were observed in 4% and 22%, respectively, of the patients with trigeminal neuralgia, and in 1% and 2%, respectively, of those with hemifacial spasm (p < 0.0001). In patients with trigeminal neuralgia, 35% of those with artery and venous compressions and 80% of those with venous compression alone had atypical neuralgia (p = 0.015). The surgical cure and recurrence rates of trigeminal neuralgias with venous compression were 60% and 20%, respectively, and with arterial and venous compressions the rates were 92% and 12%, respectively (p < 0.0001, p = 0.04). In patients with hemifacial spasm who had arterial and venous compressions, their recurrence rate was 60%, and that was significantly higher compared to other compression types (p = 0.0008).

CONCLUSIONS

Dissection of the arachnoid sleeve that envelops the superior petrosal vein may help to reduce venous complications in surgery for trigeminal neuralgia. Venous compression may correlate with worse prognosis even with thorough decompression, in both trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.
Safety profile of superior petrosal vein (the vein of Dandy) sacrifice in neurosurgical procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Narayan Vinayak , Savardekar Amey R. , Patra Devi Prasad , Mohammed Nasser , Thakur Jai D. , Riaz Muhammad , Nanda Anil
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Walter E. Dandy described for the first time the anatomical course of the superior petrosal vein (SPV) and its significance during surgery for trigeminal neuralgia. The patient’s safety after sacrifice of this vein is a challenging question, with conflicting views in current literature. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the current surgical considerations regarding Dandy’s vein, as well as provide a concise review of the complications after its obliteration.

METHODS

A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A thorough literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database; articles were selected systematically based on the PRISMA protocol and reviewed completely, and then relevant data were summarized and discussed.

RESULTS

A total of 35 publications pertaining to the SPV were included and reviewed. Although certain studies report almost negligible complications of SPV sectioning, there are reports demonstrating the deleterious effects of SPV obliteration when achieving adequate exposure in surgical pathologies like trigeminal neuralgia, vestibular schwannoma, and petroclival meningioma. The incidence of complications after SPV sacrifice (32/50 cases in the authors’ series) is 2/32 (6.2%), and that reported in various case series varies from 0.01% to 31%. It includes hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic venous infarction of the cerebellum, sigmoid thrombosis, cerebellar hemorrhage, midbrain and pontine infarct, intracerebral hematoma, cerebellar and brainstem edema, acute hydrocephalus, peduncular hallucinosis, hearing loss, facial nerve palsy, coma, and even death. In many studies, the difference in incidence of complications between the SPV-sacrificed group and the SPV-preserved group was significant.

CONCLUSIONS

The preservation of Dandy’s vein is a neurosurgical dilemma. Literature review and experiences from large series suggest that obliterating the vein of Dandy while approaching the superior cerebellopontine angle corridor may be associated with negligible complications. However, the counterview cannot be neglected in light of some series showing an up to 30% complication rate from SPV sacrifice. This review provides the insight that although the incidence of complications due to SPV obliteration is low, they can happen, and the sequelae might be worse than the natural history of the existing pathology. Therefore, SPV preservation should be attempted to optimize patient outcome.
Cerebral venous thrombosis requiring invasive treatment for elevated intracranial pressure in women with combined hormonal contraceptive intake: risk factors, anatomical distribution, and clinical presentation
Authors: Roethlisberger Michel , Gut Lara , Zumofen Daniel Walter , Fisch Urs , Boss Oliver , Maldaner Nicolai , Croci Davide Marco , Taub Ethan , Corti Natascia , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Guzman Raphael , Bozinov Oliver , Mariani Luigi
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Women taking combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) are generally considered to be at low risk for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). When it does occur, however, intensive care and neurosurgical management may, in rare cases, be needed for the control of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). The use of nonsurgical strategies such as barbiturate coma and induced hypothermia has never been reported in this context. The objective of this study is to determine predictive factors for invasive or surgical ICP treatment and the potential complications of nonsurgical strategies in this population.

METHODS

The authors conducted a 2-center, retrospective chart review of 168 cases of CVT in women between 2000 and 2012. Eligible patients were classified as having had a mild or a severe clinical course, the latter category including all patients who underwent invasive or surgical ICP treatment and all who had an unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 3 or Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≤ 3). The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for continuous parameters and Fisher’s exact test for categorical parameters, and odds ratios were calculated with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS

Of the 168 patients, 57 (age range 16–49 years) were determined to be eligible for the study. Six patients (10.5%) required invasive or surgical ICP treatment. Three patients (5.3%) developed refractory ICP > 30 mm Hg despite early surgical decompression; 2 of them (3.5%) were treated with barbiturate coma and induced hypothermia, with documented infectious, thromboembolic, and hemorrhagic complications. Coma on admission, thrombosis of the deep venous system with consecutive hydrocephalus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and hemorrhagic venous infarction were associated with a higher frequency of surgical intervention. Coma, quadriparesis on admission, and hydrocephalus were more commonly seen among women with unfavorable outcomes. Thrombosis of the transverse sinus was less common in patients with an unfavorable outcome, with similar distribution in patients needing invasive or surgical ICP treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The need for invasive or surgical ICP treatment in women taking CHCs who have CVT is partly predictable on the basis of the clinical and radiological findings on admission. The use of nonsurgical treatments for refractory ICP, such as barbiturate coma and induced hypothermia, is associated with systemic infectious and hematological complications and may worsen morbidity in this patient population. The significance of these factors should be studied in larger multicenter cohorts.
Transverse venous stenting for the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or pseudotumor cerebri
Authors: Cappuzzo Justin M. , Hess Ryan M. , Morrison John F. , Davies Jason M. , Snyder Kenneth V. , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H.
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a commonly occurring disease, particularly among young women of child-bearing age. The underlying pathophysiology for this disease has remained largely unclear; however, the recent literature suggests that focal outflow obstruction of the transverse sinus may be the cause. The purpose of this study was to report one group’s early experience with transverse venous sinus stenting in the treatment of IIH and assess its effectiveness.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective chart review to identify patients who had undergone stenting of an outflow-obstructed transverse venous sinus for the treatment of IIH at Gates Vascular Institute between January 2015 and November 2017. Patient demographic data of interest included age, sex, BMI, and history of smoking, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, hormonal contraceptive use, and acetazolamide therapy. Each patient’s presenting signs and symptoms and whether those symptoms improved with treatment were reviewed. The average opening lumbar puncture (LP) pressure preprocedure, average pressure gradient across the obstructed segment prior to stenting, treatment failure rate (need for shunt placement), and mean follow-up period were calculated.

RESULTS

Of the 18 patients who had undergone transverse venous stenting for IIH, 16 (88.9%) were women. The mean age of all the patients was 38.3 years (median 38 years). Mean BMI was 34.2 kg/m2 (median 33.9 kg/m2). Presenting symptoms were headache (16 patients [88.9%]), visual disturbances (13 patients [72.2%]), papilledema (8 patients [44.4%]), tinnitus (3 patients [16.7%]), and auditory bruit (3 patients [16.7%]). The mean opening LP pressure pre-procedure was 35.6 cm H2O (median 32 cm H2O). The mean pressure gradient measured proximally and distally to the area of focal obstruction within the transverse sinus was 16.5 cm H2O (median 15 cm H2O). Postprocedurally, 14 patients (77.8%) continued to have headaches; 6 (33.3%) continued to have visual disturbances. No patients continued to have auditory bruit (0%) or papilledema (0%). One patient (5.6%) had new-onset tinnitus postprocedure. Overall improvement of symptoms was noted in 16 patients (88.9%) postprocedure, with 1 patient (5.6%) requiring shunt placement and 2 other patients (11.1%) requiring postprocedural LP to monitor intracranial pressure to determine candidacy for further surgical interventions to treat residual symptoms. The mean duration of follow-up was 194.2 days.

CONCLUSIONS

Transverse sinus stenting is a rapidly developing technique that has shown good effectiveness and safety in the literature. Authors of the present study found that stenting a flow-obstructed transverse sinus in patients with IIH was a safe and effective way to treat the condition.
Jugular bulb and skull base pathologies: proposal for a novel classification system for jugular bulb positions and microsurgical implications
Authors: Manjila Sunil , Bazil Timothy , Kay Matthew , Udayasankar Unni K. , Semaan Maroun
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

There is no definitive or consensus classification system for the jugular bulb position that can be uniformly communicated between a radiologist, neurootologist, and neurosurgeon. A high-riding jugular bulb (HRJB) has been variably defined as a jugular bulb that rises to or above the level of the basal turn of the cochlea, within 2 mm of the internal auditory canal (IAC), or to the level of the superior tympanic annulus. Overall, there is a seeming lack of consensus, especially when MRI and/or CT are used for jugular bulb evaluation without a dedicated imaging study of the venous anatomy such as digital subtraction angiography or CT or MR venography.

METHODS

A PubMed analysis of “jugular bulb” comprised of 1264 relevant articles were selected and analyzed specifically for an HRJB. A novel classification system based on preliminary skull base imaging using CT is proposed by the authors for conveying the anatomical location of the jugular bulb. This new classification includes the following types: type 1, no bulb; type 2, below the inferior margin of the posterior semicircular canal (SCC), subclassified as type 2a (without dehiscence into the middle ear) or type 2b (with dehiscence into the middle ear); type 3, between the inferior margin of the posterior SCC and the inferior margin of the IAC, subclassified as type 3a (without dehiscence into the middle ear) and type 3b (with dehiscence into the middle ear); type 4, above the inferior margin of the IAC, subclassified as type 4a (without dehiscence into the IAC) and type 4b (with dehiscence into the IAC); and type 5, combination of dehiscences. Appropriate CT and MR images of the skull base were selected to validate the criteria and further demonstrated using 3D reconstruction of DICOM files. The microsurgical significance of the proposed classification is evaluated with reference to specific skull base/posterior fossa pathologies.

RESULTS

The authors validated the role of a novel classification of jugular bulb location that can help effective communication between providers treating skull base lesions. Effective utilization of the above grading system can help plan surgical procedures and anticipate complications.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors have proposed a novel anatomical/radiological classification system for jugular bulb location with respect to surgical implications. This classification can help surgeons in complication avoidance and management when addressing HRJBs.
A review of extraaxial developmental venous anomalies of the brain involving dural venous flow or sinuses: persistent embryonic sinuses, sinus pericranii, venous varices or aneurysmal malformations, and enlarged emissary veins
Authors: Manjila Sunil , Bazil Timothy , Thomas Matthew , Mani Sunithi , Kay Matthew , Udayasankar Unni
Published: July 2018

This paper is a narrative review of extraaxial developmental venous anomalies (eDVAs) of the brain involving dural venous flow or sinuses: persistent embryonic sinuses, sinus pericranii, enlarged emissary veins, and venous varices or aneurysmal malformations. The article highlights the natural history, anatomy, embryology, imaging, clinical implications, and neurosurgical significance of these lesions, which the authors believe represent a continuum, with different entities characterized by distinct embryopathologic features. The indications and surgical management options are discussed for these individual intracranial pathologies with relevant illustrations, and a novel classification is proposed for persistent falcine sinus (PFS). The role of neurointervention and/or microsurgery in specific cases such as sinus pericranii and enlarged emissary veins of the skull is highlighted.

A better understanding of the pathophysiology and developmental anatomy of these lesions can reduce treatment morbidity and mortality. Some patients, including those with vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), can present with the added systemic morbidity of a high-output cardiac failure. Although VOGM is the most studied and classified of the above-mentioned eDVAs, the authors believe that grouping the former with the other venous anomalies/abnormalities listed above would enable the clinician to convey the exact morphophysiological configuration of these lesions, predict their natural history with respect to evolving venous hypertension or stroke, and extrapolate invaluable insights from VOGM treatment to the treatment of other eDVAs. In recent years, many of these symptomatic venous malformations have been treated with endovascular interventions, although these techniques are still being refined. The authors highlight the broad concept of eDVAs and hope that this work will serve as a basis for future studies investigating the role of evolving focal venous hypertension/global intracranial hypertension and possibilities of fetal surgical intervention in these cases.
MacchiariniGate: The Fall from Grace of Stem Cell Healer, Paolo Macchiarini, and Clues and Concerns from the Early Literature that Cast Ethical Doubts
Authors: Da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira
Published: July 2018

After a long and successful career in tracheal surgery and lung cancer, Paolo Macchiarini became very famous in 2008 with the transplantation of a trachea from a cadaver that then apparently used the patient’s own stem cells to supposedly regenerate new trachea, i.e., tissue-engineered tracheae. Among the nine patients that received this revolutionary treatment, using biological or artificial tracheae, under Macchiarini’s supervision, six have reportedly died. Although several critics had expressed concerns with the procedures, allegations of misconduct against Macchiarini first arose in August of 2014 by four Karolinska Institutet (KI) colleagues, and an independent investigation was called for by KI based on claims made in seven published papers. Among the claims were the fact that the procedure constituted a high risk, information on the patients was incomplete and that there was no or incomplete ethical approval, thus constituting misconduct. His CV was also shown to contain inaccuracies. By September 10, 2016, most of these claims have now proved to be true, and Macchiarini was found guilty of misconduct by KI. This paper looks primarily at earlier published papers by Macchiarini and his collaborators in a search for clues to better understand the evolution of altruism, or narcissism. An assessment of the controversial papers, and of letters written by critics and skeptics like Pierre R. Delaere, indicate that insufficient experimental evidence was presented for several case studies, and that claims made about the success of the procedures exceeded what was shown by the evidence. A domino effect of personal and professional tragedies ensued, in rapid succession, between 2014 and 2016. The effect on the field of stem cell research has been chilling, and the side-effects have taken their toll, with several high-profile resignations, primarily at KI, within the Swedish education system and in the Nobel Committee. This case has mesmerized the bioethics and biomedical communities for years.
Peer Review system: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lasker Shamima Parvin
Published: July 2018

Peer review process helps in evaluating and validating of research that is published in the journals. U.S. Office of Research Integrity reported that data fraudulence was found to be involved in 94% cases of misconduct from 228 identified articles between 1994–2012. If fraud in published article are significantly as high as reported, the question arise in mind, were these articles peer reviewed?  Another report said that the reviewers failed to detect 16 cases of fabricated article of Jan Hendrick Schon. Superficial peer reviewing process does not reveals suspicion of misconduct. Lack of knowledge of systemic review process not only demolish the academic integrity in publication but also loss the trust of the people of the institution, the nation, and the world. The aim of this review article is to aware stakeholders specially novice reviewers about the peer review system. Beginners will understand how to review an article and they can justify better action choices in dealing with reviewing an article.
Basic Concept of Intellectual property Rights (IPRs)
Authors: Hossain Arif
Published: July 2018

Intellectual property Rights (IPRs) is protected by different systems of laws. Journals must choose a definitive form of systems. Some Blackwell journals use copyright system and some Blackwell use license from authors. Now a days online journals are using creative common licenses.  Under creative common license journals are open access, allowed to download, copy, distribute, and display derivative works with proper attribution to author or owner for noncommercial purpose at a free cost. Education on IPRs will support to comprehend ones rights, professional code of conduct and the doctrine of "fair use" in publication. One cannot do anything with once writing. Researchers, academic, editors and readers must have the basic knowledge on who owns the rights in a publication and what users can do with the publication by law.
Special Issue on Publication Ethics
Authors: Ahmed Tahera
Published: July 2018

Special Issue on Publication Ethics
A 20-year-old Lady with Peritoneal Tuberculosis Presented as Acute Abdomen and A Review of Peritoneal Tuberculosis
Authors: Shahiduzzaman GKM , Akhter Tahmin , Kabir CM Shamim , Akter Mohsena , Zaman Roksana Akhter , Siddique Shahjahan
Published: July 2018

Tuberculosis can entail any component of the gastrointestinaltract and is the sixth most common site of extra pulmonaryassociation. Both the incidence and severity ofabdominal tuberculosis are predictable to amplify withgrowingnumbers of HIV infection. Peritoneal tuberculosis, a type of abdominal tuberculosis, occurs in three forms: wet typewith ascites, dry type with adhesions, and fibrotic type withomental thickening and loculated ascites. Clinically, peritoneal tuberculosis ischaracterized by fever, abdominal pain, anorexia, weightloss, and ascites. Nevertheless, not any of these symptoms is accuratefor the disease, so it is frequently misdiagnosed, especiallyas carcinomatous peritonitis in the elderly. Diagnosisnear the beginning of peritoneal tuberculosis is of keyimpact in the control of thedisease. Chest X-rays demonstratesupport of associated pulmonarylesions in less than 25% of cases. Laparoscopywith direct biopsy is an exceptionalinvestigativetechniqueand should be considered for each patient with unsolvedascites. A classicconclusion requires detection ofbacilli in ascitic fluid or peritoneum tissue. However, acidfaststaining is frequently negative and cultures are positivein 30-40% of cases, making bacteriological evidence ofthe disease extremely difficult. In recent times, advances in moleculartechniques have provided aninnovative approach to the fast diagnosisof tuberculosis by nucleic acid probes and polymerasechain reaction. But if molecular techniques fail or unavailable, then presence of caseating granuloma in biopsy material is accepted as hallmark of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and as significant as positive Acid Fast Bacillus (AFB) in pulmonary tuberculosis. Management is with conventionalanti-tubercular treatment for at least six months.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2016, Vol.8(2); 63-68
Spectrum of Breast Diseases in Females- a 10 years study
Authors: Ahmed Shakera , Ahmad Sami , Ahmed Nadim , Bin Aziz Nur Mohommad Sayed
Published: July 2018

Objective: To determine the frequency of various breast diseases in female patients.Methodology: This is a prospective (historical)cohort study of female patients from 18 to 55 years of age visiting a female surgeon with breast problems. The study was conducted at Chittagong Metropoliton Hospital and CSCR Hospital in Chittagong over a period of 10 years starting from July 2007 to June 2017. All female patients visiting with breast problems were included in the study, excluding the patients of below 18 years and above 55 years. The findings were tabulated in excel sheet and analyzed for the frequency of each lesion.Results: A total of 3555 patients were included in the study. Benign breast disease (BBD) was much more common than the malignant breast disease which was 3.49% (124/3555) of all breast diseases. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign breast disease, seen in 32.26%(1147/3555) of patients followed by mastalgia, seen in 24.22%(861) patients. The next common breast disease is fibrocystic change in 18.80%(668/3555) patients.Conclusion: Breast diseases, both benign and malignant are the common problems of female. But benign breast diseases are much more common than the malignant diseases. Fibroadenoma is the commonest of all benign breast diseases in our set up. Mastalgia and fibrocystic changes are the next two common diseases.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2017, Vol.9(1); 10-12
Krukenburg Tumour Presented as Multiple Abdominal Lumps - A Case Report
Authors: Ahmad Sami , Singha Jawhar Lal , Ahmed Nadim
Published: July 2018

Krukenberg tumour is metastatic ovarian involvement of adenocarcinoma in women of reproductive age group. The primary site is commonly in stomach but less commonly from other parts of gastrointestinal tract and uncommonly from other organs. The route of metastasis of this tumour is still not proven though the raw ovarian surface and transperitoneal invitation of malignant cell is one of the postulations. As is the etiology so is the resection of either ovarian or gastric tumour failed to show any improvement of this condition. Ovarian resection can be done in the form of salphingo-oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy. Gastric resection is also done in the same or subsequent sitting according to stage and presentation. We report such an uncommon entity in a 33 year old lady presenting with lower abdominal lump.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2017, Vol.9(1); 38-40
Value of the Resting Electrocardiogram in Assessing Patients with Recent Onset Chest Pain A Study in Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Udoy Shankar , Khan Md Murshidur Rahman , Bhowmik Tapas Kanti , Sarker Ramendra Nath
Published: July 2018

Background: Chest pain or discomfort caused by acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or angina has a potentially poor prognosis, emphasizing the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis. To evaluate a clinic set up specifically to assess patients with recent onset chest pain, particularly those presenting with a normal resting electrocargram.Method: The cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2016 to August 2017 in cardiology department of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College hospital, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka. Total 1000 consecutive patients with recent onset chest pain were evaluated within 24 hours of general practitioner referral, to find out the clinical diagnosis and management.Results: Total 1000 patients (535 men and 465women, mean age 51.5±11.4 years with range from 32 to 70 years) were assessed over 12 months. Most of the patients 844 (84.4%) had symptoms in duration of ≤30 days. Majority 433 (43.3%) patients had peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 317 (31.7%) patients had chronic stable angina (CSA), 94 (9.4%) had unstable angina (UA), 92 (9.2%) had anxiety neurosis (AN) and 64 (6.4%) had myocardial infarction (MI). Regarding outcome of the patients 525 (52.5%) [PUD: 433+ AN: 91] patients considered to have noncardiac pain and referred to medicine outpatient department (OPD) without further follow up. In a further 317 patients (31.7%, CSA) arrangements were made for outpatient review. Ninety four patients (9.4%, UA) were referred to National Institute of Cardiovascular diseases (NICVD) for admission out of them 61 patients were admitted for medical treatment & 33 patients were discharged from emergency department whose troponin-I were negative. Remaining 64 (6.4%) acute MI patients were admitted into Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of NICVD, out of them 41 patients received streptokinase injection, 23 patients received Enoxaparin injection, after conservative treatment all patients were advised to do coronary angiography within 3 to 4 weeks. Among these 43 patients underwent coronary angiography within 4 weeks, 23 patients had coronary angioplasty, eleven patients had coronary bypass surgery and nine patients refused any intervention and discharged with medicine.Conclusion: This experience highlights the inadequacy of a routine electrocardiogram reporting service in patients with recent onset of chest pain. Clinical diagnosis found were peptic ulcer disease (PUD), chronic stable angina (CSA), unstable angina (UA), anxiety neurosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Regarding outcome of the patients were coronary angiography followed by coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass surgery, discharged with medicine and referred to out patients department of medicine unit.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2017, Vol.9(2); 65-68
The robot and the human. Where’s their similarity limit?
Authors: Ivanitskii G R
Published: July 2018

It is shown that the primary goal of robot–human collaboration is to ensure dynamic stability under varying environmental conditions. Compared with the robotic computer ‘brain’, its human counterpart has a multilevel hierarchical organization, with information processing occurring at all levels — from the quantum up to the social. Humans themselves set goals and improve the virtual model synthesized by their brains. The human brain can work by simultaneously using both classical deterministic logic and dialectical probabilistic logic.
Evaluating the Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Investigating Seawater Intrusion
Authors: Chen Tung-Tsan , Hung Yin-Chun , Hsueh Ming-Wei , Yeh Yung-Hsin , Weng Ko-Wei
Published: July 2018

Seawater intrusion is a major issue in coastal areas, and the traditional technology of investigation mainly makes use of drilling for water level observation and sample analysis of groundwater; as drilling data is an information of points, it will cost more if it is extended to be information on the surface. Non-destructive geophysical exploration technology has been used in the investigation of the underground environments at all kinds of contaminated sites in recent years. Seawater intrusion is also a groundwater pollution situation, and “Surface and Space” information can be obtained with a small amount of drilling data. This research will use Electric Resistivity Tomography as a geophysical exploration technology to assess the situation at the interface of seawater intrusion and to explore the dynamic changes of seawater intrusion through long-term monitoring. The test site of this research is situated in the seawater intrusion area along Kinmen Island. The research results showed that the front edge of the seawater intrusion could be detected with Electric Resistivity Tomography, and a delay effect existing between seawater intrusion and tidal action was observed by means of Time-lapse. If a long-term observation system is established in future, it could contribute to the confrontation of seawater intrusion and salinization phenomena.
Boundary Value Problem of the Operator ⊕k Related to the Biharmonic Operator and the Diamond Operator
Authors: Bunpog Chalermpon
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an alternative methodology for finding the solution of the boundary value problem (BVP) for the linear partial differential operator. We are particularly interested in the linear operator ⊕k, where ⊕k=♡k♢k, ♡k is the biharmonic operator iterated k-times and ♢k is the diamond operator iterated k-times. The solution is built on the Green’s identity of the operators ♡k and ⊕k, in which their derivations are also provided. To illustrate our findings, the example with prescribed boundary conditions is exhibited.
Private or public dental care? Patients’ perception and experience in Lithuania
Authors: Pūrienė Alina , Petrauskienė Jadvyga , Balčiūnienė Irena , Janulytė Vilija , Kutkauskienė Jelena , Musteikytė Margarita
Published: July 2018

Objective. To compare demographic and social groups of patients, their satisfaction with services in public and private dental institutions. Material and methods. A random sample of 3000 Lithuanian residents was selected; 1801 participants answered a postal questionnaire. The response rate was 60.0%. Univariate analysis, χ2 criterion, z-test, and multiple logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between institution type, demographic and social characteristics of the respondents. Results. Less than half of Lithuanian residents (41.2%) visited public dental institutions, 35.9% – private, 25.9% – both. They preferred private dental sector due to better quality of service, public – due to closeness to residence or being the treatment place of acquaintances. Patients visiting public institutions required cheaper treatment, while patients visiting private institutions – qualitative, though more expensive, using modern technologies. The number of dental visits in the past year was lower in public institutions than in private ones. The majority of patients treated in public, private, and both institutions were satisfied with dental services. The least satisfied were visiting both institutions. More respondents with secondary and lower education used public services as compared to those with higher education. Urban population visited public institutions more often than rural population. Respondents with a monthly income of less than 500 Lt for one family member used public dental services more often than those receiving a higher income. Older patients visited public dental institutions more often than younger ones.Conclusions. More Lithuanian residents are treated in public dental institutions (up to 67.1%) than in private. Older, receiving lower income patients preferred public institutions. The majority of patients in public clinics as well as in private sector are satisfied with the service. Those who visited both types of institutions were least satisfied with dental services.
Joining Technologies for Automotive Battery Systems Manufacturing
Authors: Das Abhishek , Li Dezhi , Williams David , Greenwood David
Published: July 2018

An automotive battery pack for use in electric vehicles consists of a large number of individual battery cells that are structurally held and electrically connected. Making the required electrical and structural joints represents several challenges, including, joining of multiple and thin highly conductive/reflective materials of varying thicknesses, potential damage (thermal, mechanical, or vibrational) during joining, a high joint durability requirement, and so on. This paper reviews the applicability of major and emerging joining techniques to support the wide range of joining requirements that exist during battery pack manufacturing. It identifies the advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and concerns of the joining technologies. The maturity and application potential of current joining technologies are mapped with respect to manufacturing readiness levels (MRLs). Further, a Pugh matrix is used to evaluate suitable joining candidates for cylindrical, pouch, and prismatic cells by addressing the aforementioned challenges. Combining Pugh matrix scores, MRLs, and application domains, this paper identifies the potential direction of automotive battery pack joining.
Dependence of Optical Active Galactic Nuclei Identification on Stellar Population Models
Authors: Chen Yan-Ping , Zaw Ingyin , Farrar Glennys R.
Published: July 2018

We have conducted a study to quantify the systematic differences resulting from using different stellar population models (SPM) in optical spectroscopic identification of type II active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We examined the different AGN detection fractions of 7069 nearby galaxies (z ≤ 0.09) with Sloan Digital sky Survey (SDSS) DR8 spectra when using the Bruzual & Charlot (BC03), Vazdekis et al. (MILES), and solar metallicity Maraston & Strömbäck (MS11solar) SPM. The line fluxes obtained using BC03 and MS11solar are publicly available from SDSS data releases. We find that the BC03 templates result in systematically higher BPT line ratios and consequently higher AGN fractions, and the MS11solar templates result in systematically lower line ratios and AGN fractions compared with the MILES templates. Using MILES as the standard, BC03 results in 25% “false positives” and MS11solar results in 22% “false negatives” when using the Kewley et al. boundary for AGN identification. The fraction of galaxies whose AGN identification changes for different templates is luminosity dependent, ranging from a few percent for L
[O iii]5007 ≥ 1040 erg s−1 and increasing to ∼50% for L
[O iii]5007 ≤ 1038 erg s−1. These results suggest that template choice should be accounted for when using and comparing the AGN and emission line fluxes from different catalogs.
KL-6 But Not CCL-18 Is a Predictor of Early Progression in Systemic Sclerosis-related Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Salazar Gloria A. , Kuwana Masataka , Wu Minghua , Estrada-Y-Martin Rosa M. , Ying Jun , Charles Julio , Mayes Maureen D. , Assassi Shervin
Published: July 2018

Objective.

The 2 pneumoproteins, KL-6 and CCL-18, are promising biomarkers in systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related interstitial lung disease (ILD). Our goal was to determine their predictive significance for forced vital capacity % (FVC%) decline within the first year of followup in patients with early SSc-ILD.

Methods.

Early SSc patients with imaging-verified ILD enrolled in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study (GENISOS) cohort were included. Annualized rate of change in FVC% based on the baseline and followup measurement within 12–18 months was used as the surrogate outcomes for ILD progression.

Results.

Eighty-two early SSc-ILD patients with mean disease duration of 2.3 years were investigated. FVC% change ranged from −23% to 38%. Baseline KL-6 levels were higher in patients than healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Higher KL-6 levels were predictive of faster FVC% decline at the 1-year followup (r = −0.23, p = 0.037). Upon categorizing KL-6 using a previously published cutoff of 1273 U/ml, its predictive significance remained in the univariable model (b = −0.07, p = 0.01), indicating that patients with positive KL-6 had on average 7% more decline in annualized percent change of FVC%. Moreover, KL-6 remained an independent predictor after adjustment for sex, disease type, anti-Scl-70, and immunosuppressive treatment status in multivariable models. Although CCL-18 was higher in patients than controls (p < 0.001), its levels did not predict FVC decline rate (p = 0.458).

Conclusion.

KL-6 but not CCL-18 is predictive of early SSc-ILD progression. KL-6 is a promising pneumoprotein that can contribute to SSc-ILD clinical trial enrichment.