bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Teletrabalho potencial no Brasil e sua distribuição urbana, rural e regional
Authors: Góes Geraldo Sandoval , Martins Felipe dos Santos , Alves Vinícius de Oliveira
Published: February 2024

Este estudo complementa a revisão da literatura sobre o teletrabalho no Brasil, realizado por Martins, Góes e Nascimento (2021), em três aspectos principais: i) investigando a distribuição espacial do teletrabalho potencial em áreas urbanas e rurais, bem como sua concentração nas regiões metropolitanas do país; ii) examinando as características individuais e sociais dessa população; e iii) atualizando a estimativa para 2022, considerando o impacto da pandemia da covid-19 sobre o mercado de trabalho nacional. Utilizando uma metodologia adaptada da classificação de ocupações passíveis de teletrabalho, o estudo analisa os efeitos da pandemia sobre os postos de trabalho no Brasil, apresentando os resultados em cinco seções, que incluem a metodologia, os resultados para o país, a distribuição do teletrabalho em áreas urbanas e rurais, o perfil dessa população nas regiões metropolitanas e as conclusões do estudo.
The Afterlives of Byron’s ‘The Isles of Greece’ in the Victorian Press
Authors: Georganta Konstantina
Published: February 2024

In the nineteenth-century British press, ‘The Isles of Greece, the Isles of Greece’, as the Brighton Gazette put it in 1878, ‘have had their joys and beauties sung in lofty strains by the wisest, the wittiest, and the wickedest of poets’. These mostly unidentified poets remained true to the spirit of the original recitation of Byron’s ‘The Isles of Greece’ from
Don Juan
, where it is presented as a performance by a poet whom we may or may not trust. The poem’s double reading, its levels of irony, denial of authority, and eventual misreading, makes the persistent reappearance in various forms of the double exclamation ‘The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece!’ in the Victorian press a natural extension or afterlife of its dynamic. Political newspapers are a culturally dynamic space for unravelling the myriad of performative aspects of the poem in its various afterlives as we follow how it was transformed based on Britain’s relationship with Greece.
‘Poor Claridge’
Authors: Falloon Anne
Published: February 2024

John Cam Hobhouse and John Claridge – one of Byron’s Harrow ‘favourites’ – are the subjects of this essay. They make strange companions: the first, the most steadfast of Byron’s friends, went on to lead a significant political life; the second, a very minor player in the poet’s life, faded into failure and obscurity. Although the three men shared an early friendship, Hobhouse developed an inexplicable enmity towards Claridge and, almost twenty-five years after Byron’s death, a dramatic public occasion revealed the depth of this animosity. This essay cites material from the Hobhouse archive that has not been published before.

Saturday October 11th 1817: At the library until half past two, having first visited the hideous
pozzi
. Then walked about with Claridge in the gardens – the first warm day we have had.

1
Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE). XII. The Detectability of Capstone Biosignatures in the Mid-infrared—Sniffing Exoplanetary Laughing Gas and Methylated Halogens
Authors: Angerhausen Daniel , Pidhorodetska Daria , Leung Michaela , Hansen Janina , Alei Eleonora , Dannert Felix , Kammerer Jens , Quanz Sascha P. , Schwieterman Edward W. ,   The LIFE initiative
Published: February 2024

This study aims to identify exemplary science cases for observing N2O, CH3Cl, and CH3Br in exoplanet atmospheres at abundances consistent with biogenic production using a space-based mid-infrared nulling interferometric observatory, such as the Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) mission concept. We use a set of scenarios derived from chemical kinetics models that simulate the atmospheric response of varied levels of biogenic production of N2O, CH3Cl, and CH3Br in O2-rich terrestrial planet atmospheres to produce forward models for our LIFEsim observation simulator software. In addition, we demonstrate the connection to retrievals for selected cases. We use the results to derive observation times needed for the detection of these scenarios and apply them to define science requirements for the mission. Our analysis shows that in order to detect relevant abundances with a mission like LIFE in its current baseline setup, we require: (i) only a few days of observation time for certain very nearby “golden target” scenarios, which also motivate future studies of “spectral-temporal” observations (ii) ∼10 days in certain standard scenarios such as temperate, terrestrial planets around M star hosts at 5 pc, (iii) ∼50–100 days in the most challenging but still feasible cases, such as an Earth twin at 5 pc. A few cases with very low fluxes around specific host stars are not detectable. In summary, the abundances of these capstone biosignatures are detectable at plausible biological production fluxes for most cases examined and for a significant number of potential targets.
Photoionization of Nitrile-substituted Naphthalene and Benzene: Cation Spectroscopy, Photostability, and Implications for Photoelectric Gas Heating
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Madhusree , Garcia Gustavo A. , Hrodmarsson Helgi R. , Loison Jean-Christophe , Nahon Laurent
Published: February 2024

We investigate the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodynamics of gas phase 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene and cyanobenzene, recently detected in the Taurus molecular cloud, by combining synchrotron radiation and a double imaging electron/ion coincidence setup. The high-resolution threshold photoelectron spectra (TPES) of all three molecules are obtained experimentally from which the adiabatic ionization energies are reported with very high accuracy, particularly for 2-cyanonaphthalene, for which no data exist at this level of precision. Theoretical calculations are performed to compare with the TPES for the ground electronic state of the cations. Furthermore, the different features observed in the extended TPES have been assigned to the different molecular orbitals with the help of the outer valence Green's function calculations. The present experiments also shed light on the kinetic energy distribution of the photoelectrons as a function of the incident photon energy, to describe their contribution to the photoelectric heating effect in the interstellar medium. In this context, we show how kinetic energy distributions can be obtained from our data for any given photon energy, such as the omnipresent Lyα line, or any given interstellar radiation field (ISRF). In addition, from the total ion yields, we estimate the photorates for a few ISRFs. Finally, we discuss the photodissociation of the two cyanonaphthalenes, quoting the activation energies of the dissociation channels with the help of Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus modeling. It is observed that CN substitution does not cause any appreciable change to the VUV dissociative photoionization relaxation channel.
Inferring the Redshift of More than 150 GRBs with a Machine-learning Ensemble Model
Authors: Dainotti Maria Giovanna , Taira Elias , Wang Eric , Lehman Elias , Narendra Aditya , Pollo Agnieszka , Madejski Grzegorz M. , Petrosian Vahe , Bogdan Malgorzata , Dey Apratim , Bhardwaj Shubham
Published: February 2024

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), due to their high luminosities, are detected up to a redshift of 10, and thus have the potential to be vital cosmological probes of early processes in the Universe. Fulfilling this potential requires a large sample of GRBs with known redshifts, but due to observational limitations, only 11% have known redshifts (z). There have been numerous attempts to estimate redshifts via correlation studies, most of which have led to inaccurate predictions. To overcome this, we estimated GRB redshift via an ensemble-supervised machine-learning (ML) model that uses X-ray afterglows of long-duration GRBs observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. The estimated redshifts are strongly correlated (a Pearson coefficient of 0.93) and have an rms error, namely, the square root of the average squared error 〈Δz
2〉, of 0.46 with the observed redshifts showing the reliability of this method. The addition of GRB afterglow parameters improves the predictions considerably by 63% compared to previous results in peer-reviewed literature. Finally, we use our ML model to infer the redshifts of 154 GRBs, which increase the known redshifts of long GRBs with plateaus by 94%, a significant milestone for enhancing GRB population studies that require large samples with redshift.
Relations of Rotation and Chromospheric Activity to Stellar Age for FGK Dwarfs from Kepler and LAMOST
Authors: Ye Lifei , Bi Shaolan , Zhang Jinghua , Sun Tiancheng , Long Liu , Ge Zhishuai , Li Tanda , Zhang Xianfei , Chen Xunzhou , Li Yaguang , Zhou Jianzhao , Xiang Maosheng
Published: February 2024

The empirical relations between rotation period, chromospheric activity, and age can be used to estimate stellar age. To calibrate these relations, we present a catalog, including the masses and ages of 52,321 FGK dwarfs, 47,489 chromospheric activity index

log

R

HK

+

, 6077 rotation periods P
rot, and variability amplitudes S
ph, based on data from LAMOST DR7, Kepler, and Gaia Data Release 3. We find a pronounced correlation among P
rot, age, and [Fe/H] throughout the main-sequence phase for F dwarfs. However, the decrease of

log

R

HK

+

over time is not significant except for those with [Fe/H] < −0.1. For G dwarfs, both P
rot and

log

R

HK

+

are reliable age probes in the ranges ∼2–11 Gyr and ∼2–13 Gyr, respectively. K dwarfs exhibit a prominent decrease in

log

R

HK

+

within the age range of ∼3–13 Gyr when the relation of P
rot–τ is invalid. These relations are very important for promptly estimating the age of a vast number of stars, thus serving as a powerful tool in advancing the fields of exoplanet properties, stellar evolution, and Galactic archeology.
Roaring to Softly Whispering: X-Ray Emission after ∼3.7 yr at the Location of the Transient AT2018cow and Implications for Accretion-powered Scenarios*
Authors: Migliori Giulia , Margutti R. , Metzger B. D. , Chornock R. , Vignali C. , Brethauer D. , Coppejans D. L. , Maccarone T. , Rivera Sandoval L. , Bright J. S. , Laskar T. , Milisavljevic D. , Berger E. , Nayana A. J.
Published: February 2024

We present the first deep X-ray observations of luminous fast blue optical transient (LFBOT) AT 2018cow at ∼3.7 yr since discovery, together with the reanalysis of the observation at δ
t ∼ 220 days. X-ray emission is significantly detected at a location consistent with AT 2018cow. The very soft X-ray spectrum and sustained luminosity are distinct from the spectral and temporal behavior of the LFBOT in the first ∼100 days and would possibly signal the emergence of a new emission component, although a robust association with AT 2018cow can only be claimed at δ
t ∼ 220 days, while at δ
t ∼ 1350 days contamination of the host galaxy cannot be excluded. We interpret these findings in the context of the late-time panchromatic emission from AT 2018cow, which includes the detection of persistent, slowly fading UV emission with ν
L

ν
≈ 1039 erg s−1. Similar to previous works (and in analogy with arguments for ultraluminous X-ray sources), these late-time observations are consistent with thin disks around intermediate-mass black holes (with M
• ≈ 103–104
M
☉) accreting at sub-Eddington rates. However, differently from previous studies, we find that smaller-mass black holes with M
• ≈ 10–100 M
☉ accreting at ≳the Eddington rate cannot be ruled out and provide a natural explanation for the inferred compact size (R
out ≈ 40 R
☉) of the accretion disk years after the optical flare. Most importantly, irrespective of the accretor mass, our study lends support to the hypothesis that LFBOTs are accretion-powered phenomena and that, specifically, LFBOTs constitute electromagnetic manifestations of super-Eddington accreting systems that evolve to ≲Eddington over a ≈100-day timescale.
Reproductive features of data-deficient yellowfin snapper, Lutjanus xanthopinnis (Actinopterygii: Eupercaria: Lutjanidae), from east-coast of Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for sustainable fisheries management
Authors: Rahman Md Moshiur , Ariffin Nur Asma , Seah Ying Giat , Mat Jaafar Tun Nurul Aimi , Fadzli Muhammad Hanif , Habib Ahasan
Published: February 2024

Understanding the reproductive biology of fishes is crucial to making accurate and scientifically sound recommendations for fisheries management. The presently reported study is the first to report the reproductive characteristics of the data-deficient and recently described yellowfin snapper, Lutjanus xanthopinnis Iwatsuki, Tanaka et Allen, 2015, collected from the eastern South China Sea, Malaysia. A total of 572 fish specimens were sampled monthly from March 2022 to April 2023 using a gillnet and a trawl net. Subsequently, these specimens were measured and weighed. Their total length (TL) ranged from 15.3 to 26.8 cm (19.25 ± 2.04 cm; mean ± SD). Their body weight (WB) ranged from 53.5 g to 279.7 g (114.5 ± 40.3 g; mean ± SD). For the reproductive biology study, the following parameters were determined: the sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), spawning period, fecundity, condition factor (K), length at maturity, and the gonadal maturity stages. In the sex ratio, males (M) were significantly dominant over females (F) (M:F = 1:0.75) (χ2 = 11.18). Consequently, the monthly mean GSI of pooled sex revealed a consistent trend from January to August, indicating spawning seasons with peak periods in March and April. The batch fecundity of 67 mature females (16.0–25.2 cm TL; 64.5– 279.3 g W), was determined to range from 16 405 to 94 357 oocytes. The fecundity increased with gonad weight in contrast to weight and length. The length at first maturity of females and males was 14.53 and 20.56 cm, respectively. Females matured earlier than males. Macroscopic and histological examination of gonads revealed monthly variation in the ratio of gonad stages for males and females. This study offers crucial data on the reproductive biology of L. xanthopinnis, which will help with sustainable fishery management in this area and can be used as a reference for the management of similar fish populations in other regions of the world.
Hidden in the blow - a matrix to characterise cetaceans’ respiratory microbiome: Short-finned pilot whale as model species
Authors: Santos Beatriz , Afonso Luís , Alves Filipe , Dinis Ana , Ferreira Rita , Correia Ana , Valente Raul , Gil Ágatha , Castro Filipe , Sousa-Pinto Isabel , Rosso Massimiliano , Centelleghe Cinzia , Mazzariol Sandro , Magalhães Catarina , Tomasino Maria Paola
Published: February 2024

Cetaceans are key sentinel species of marine ecosystems and ocean health, being a strategic taxonomic group to evaluate the well-being of aquatic habitats and to detect harmful environmental trends. Respiratory diseases are among the main causes of death in these animals, so the identification of the microbiome community existent in their exhaled breath condensates (EBCs), i.e. blows, has been proposed as a key biomarker for assessing respiratory health. Yet, to characterise microbiomes related to these animals’ respiratory tract and use them as a proxy for health status, it is necessary to develop baseline data on the microorganisms associated with cetaceans. Here, the short-finned pilot whale (SFPW, Globicephala macrorhynchus) was used as a model species to validate the most suitable primer set to explore the prokaryotic diversity of the cetaceans’ respiratory tract. DNA extracted from blow samples (n = 12) of island-associated animals off Madeira Island was sequenced to amplify both V3-V4 and V4-V5 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, using the same sequencing platform (Illumina MiSeq). Independently of the primer set used, all blows shared Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla in their composition. V3-V4 resulted in higher diversity of taxa with relative abundance above 1%, whereas the V4-V5 primers captured a higher number of microbial Amplicon Sequence Variants, detecting the microbial rare biosphere with pathogen potential. Additionally, it captured more efficiently the core microbiome. Thus, this study provides a detailed characterization of SFPW respiratory-associated microbial communities, also strengthening the idea of sociality influencing microbiome composition in the respiratory tract. Moreover, it supports the use of EBCs as a relevant biomarker for the physiological state of the airways in free-ranging cetaceans.
High Dynamic Range Image Processing for Retinal Color Fundus Photography
Authors: Critser D. Brice , Troyer Jody , Whitmore S. Scott , Mansoor Mahsaw , Stone Edwin M. , Russell Jonathan F. , Han Ian C.
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective:

Color fundus photography is an important imaging modality that is currently limited by a narrow dynamic range. We describe a post-image processing technique to generate high dynamic range (HDR) retinal images with enhanced detail.

Patients and Methods:

This was a retrospective, observational case series evaluating fundus photographs of patients with macular pathology. Photographs were acquired with three or more exposure values using a commercially available camera (Topcon 50-DX). Images were aligned and imported into HDR processing software (Photomatix Pro). Fundus detail was compared between HDR and raw photographs.

Results:

Sixteen eyes from 10 patients (5 male, 5 female; mean age 59.4 years) were analyzed. Clinician graders preferred the HDR image 91.7% of the time (44/48 image comparisons), with good grader agreement (81.3%, 13/16 eyes).

Conclusions:

HDR fundus imaging is feasible using images from existing fundus cameras and may be useful for enhanced visualization of retinal detail in a variety of pathologic states.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:263–269.]
Retinal Detachment After Macular Hole Repair in Alport Syndrome
Authors: Chhoy Brian , Wai Karen M. , Leng Theodore
Published: February 2024

Alport syndrome is characterized by type IV collagen network disruptions leading to renal, auditory, and ocular manifestations. This case report details a 24-year-old man with Alport syndrome who developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following macular hole repair. The patient underwent a successful vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peel for macular hole repair but returned with vision loss due to retinal detachment five weeks later, which necessitated a combined scleral buckle and vitrectomy. This is the first case describing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment post-macular hole repair in Alport syndrome.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:289–292.]
New approach to evaluating the thermodynamic consistency of melts in the ‘metal-slag’ system based on interatomic interaction parameters
Authors: Togobitska Daria , Belkova Alla
Published: February 2024

The article presents a new approach to evaluating the thermodynamic state of the ‘metal–slag’ system during metal smelting in oxidizing-reducing conditions. The interaction between the metal and slag is analyzed using the model of the structure of metallurgical melts, which considers cooperative ion exchange processes and interatomic interaction parameters. As a result of analyzing experimental data on the compositions of reacting melts during pig iron and steel smelting, criteria were developed for assessing the degree of achieving the equilibrium in the system regarding sulfur. The charge state parameters of the metallic system ZY and the slag system Δe, the slag stoichiometry index ρ, and the charge state parameter of the melt components Zi were used. The regularity of a consistent formation of metallic and slag melts has been established, which is evidenced by a significant correlation between the chemical equivalent of the metal composition ZY and the slag Δe. Analytical dependences were obtained in the form of ZY = f(Δe,ρ). The identified patterns and criteria can be integrated into automated process control systems for regulating the slag regime and producing high-quality pig iron and steel.
Fernand Deligny, enfant et institution
Authors: Pouteyo Michaël
Published: February 2024

Alors que le XIXe siècle met l’enfant à l’école, la première moitié du XXe s’occupe de celui qui n’y va pas. Qu’on le dise arriéré, délinquant, orphelin, fou ou en danger moral, l’enfant en marge voit se développer autour de lui un édifice institutionnel qui, entre le début du siècle et la fin des années soixante, acquiert progressivement consistance matérielle et unification idéologique.
C’est en examinant le parcours et le travail de Fernand Deligny (1913-1996), instituteur, éducateur et écrivain, que cet ouvrage entend redessiner cette histoire. Sans se limiter aux innovations législatives qui jalonnent la période ou aux acteurs qui font figure de fondateurs, il entend éclairer les évolutions idéologiques qui sous-tendent ce développement. En revenant sur les alliances, les oppositions et les affrontements auxquels se livrent les principaux personnages de cette période, cette enquête philosophique vise à mieux situer la place de Deligny, et à donner un autre éclairage à deux concepts au cœur de cette histoire : l’institution et l’enfant.
Ethical Considerations in Drone Cybersecurity
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Tan Chong Eng , Shah Bhavin , Khan Navid Ali , Gharib Abdalla Hassan , Manchuri Amaranadha Reddy , Muniandy Lalitha , Ray Sayan Kumar , Jazri Husin
Published: February 2024

The rapid proliferation of drones, coupled with their increasing integration into various aspects of our lives, has brought to the forefront a myriad of ethical considerations in the realm of cybersecurity. This chapter delves deep into the intricate web of ethical challenges surrounding drone cybersecurity, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of this critical issue. The introduction sets the stage by highlighting the essential role of ethics in drone cybersecurity, emphasizing the need for responsible decision-making in an age where drones are omnipresent. It lays out the scope, objectives, and key concepts of the research, underscoring the contributions it makes to the field. The core of the chapter explores the ethical principles underpinning cybersecurity and elucidates how these principles can be applied to the domain of drone technology. The authors delve into the delicate balance between security and privacy, discussing the ethical implications of data collection, retention, and surveillance in the context of drones.
Swarm Security
Authors: Tayyab Muhammad , Mumtaz Majid , Muzammal Syeda Mariam , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , tuz-Zahra Fatimah-
Published: February 2024

An era marked by revolutionary advancements in miniaturization and artificial intelligence has ushered in the age of drone swarms. These formations characterized by coordinated fleets of miniature aerial vehicles (MAVs) offer undeniable potential for unparalleled efficiency in diverse applications. Therefore, the field of “swarm security” delves into how drone swarms have reshaped the security landscape. Compared to lone drones, infected drones within a swarm could potentially seize control of the entire group, posing the chilling risk of coordinated attacks on critical infrastructure or densely populated areas. To strengthen cybersecurity frameworks, this study investigates the intertwined complexities of legal frameworks and technological advancements. The authors explore modern defenses like signal jamming and AI-powered threat detection, while also raising ethical concerns about weapons and responsible use. Moreover, a future where the revolutionary potential of drone swarms is harnessed for the benefit of society has been explored through understanding and mitigating risks.
Eyes in the Sky
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Tan Chong Eng , Wei Goh Wei
Published: February 2024

The rapid proliferation of drones across various industries necessitates a comprehensive examination of the privacy and ethical implications in their cybersecurity landscape. This chapter aims to dissect and address these concerns, providing a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and industry practitioners. The objectives are clearly outlined, emphasizing the exploration of privacy challenges and ethical considerations within the context of drone cybersecurity. The chapter begins by delving into the privacy challenges associated with drone operations, focusing on surveillance concerns and the responsible collection and storage of sensitive data. Ethical considerations in drone cybersecurity are then scrutinized, highlighting the dual-use nature of drones and the ethical intricacies of autonomous decision-making. A critical evaluation of the existing regulatory landscape governing drone operations and privacy frameworks is presented, shedding light on their effectiveness and limitations.
Getting Started With Augmented Reality (AR) in Inclusive Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: February 2024

With the mass-scale adoption of augmented reality (AR) in the commercial space, and student interest in 3d- and 4d experiential learning, higher education is starting to look towards digital augmentations of real spaces for teaching and learning. University creative shops are exploring whether they can get into the game of producing AR-enhanced experiences: campus tours, interactive gaming, virtual laboratories, exploratory art spaces, simulations, design labs, online / offline / blended teaching and learning modules, and other AR applications. This work offers a basic environmental scan of the AR space for inclusive online teaching and learning, and it includes pedagogical design leads from the current research, technological knowhow, hands-on design / development / deployment of learning objects, and online teaching and learning methods. This work does not take a pedagogical theory approach although several theories are mentioned. Rather, the focus is on applied AR in teaching and learning.
Exploring Educators' Pedagogical Capabilities to Develop University Students' 21st Century Skills
Authors: Haipinge Erkkie , Goosen Leila
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study reported on in this chapter is exploring the pedagogical capabilities of educators at a university in Namibia to develop the 21st century skills of undergraduate tertiary students within a digital learning environment. Against the background of navigating computer science education in the 21st century, the chapter will discuss e.g., self-directed learning, game- and problem-based learning, as well as blended and online teaching and learning. One of the objectives of the study centers on developing a framework around the fully online learning community model and different types of learning.
Fostering the Teaching and Learning of Computer Programming With Open Educational Resources
Authors: de Deus William Simão , Balbino Fernando Cesar , Barcelos Leonardo Vieira , Barbosa Ellen Francine
Published: February 2024

Open educational resources (OER) are materials designed for teaching, learning, or research. They are free and open, facilitating their use and reuse within a community of users. Due to these characteristics, OER can play a crucial role in supporting the teaching and learning of computer programming. They can provide, for instance, resources such as video classes, open books, and free online courses for students, along with various teaching materials for educators. However, these resources are hidden in large digital collections, generating a discovery problem for users. Considering this scenario, the purpose of this chapter is to discuss how to articulate OER and computer programming, emphasizing two main lines of necessary action: first, addressing the challenges that students and teachers still face when seeking such materials; second, outlining solutions that researchers or individuals interested in the topic can adopt to facilitate the reuse of these materials. Together, these two lines of action pave the way for the widespread use of OER in programming education.
Creating Open Educational Resources as Renewable Assessment Activities for Computer Science Education
Authors: Bosch Chantelle
Published: February 2024

In recent years, higher education has witnessed a shift towards open education and the proliferation of educational resources. Open educational resources (OERs) have gained prominence for their potential to revolutionize education by allowing students to create freely available, adaptable, and customizable content. Simultaneously, traditional assessment methods have come under scrutiny for their limited ability to measure critical thinking and practical skills. Computer science education, with its emphasis on innovation, is well-suited to embrace these changes. This chapter introduces creating OER as renewable assessment activities as an innovative approach, contributing to the discourse on open education, assessment, and pedagogy in computer science, emphasizing student empowerment, mastery, and intrinsic motivation.
Teaching and Learning of Computer Science in Higher Education
Authors: Maphalala Mncedisi Christian , Ajani Oluwatoyin Ayodele
Published: February 2024

This chapter focuses on the evolving landscape of computer science education in higher institutions, emphasizing the need to prepare students for a rapidly changing technology industry. It explores the integration of self-directed learning techniques in computer science courses to enhance outcomes, engagement, and critical skills like problem-solving. The chapter compares traditional instruction with self-directed learning, highlighting the benefits of the latter in terms of motivation, autonomy, and understanding complex computer science concepts. It reviews existing research in this area and introduces a conceptual framework aligning self-directed learning principles with core computer science concepts.
Teaching Approaches of High School Teachers in the 21st Century
Authors: Mthembu Nomasonto , Gachie Wanjiru
Published: February 2024

Despite social, historical, and cultural diversity, as well as poor educational attainment amongst high school learners, South African higher education is undergoing a digital revolution that fosters the cultivation of self-directed learning. This chapter contends that self-directed learning should not solely prioritize the accomplishment of tasks and the instructor's oversight of task completion. Instead, it should be centered around empowering learners to critically examine established conventions. Studies have demonstrated that learners from underserved regions are at a disadvantage when they enroll in higher education because they lack digital technology skills, which limits their level of critical thinking in problem-solving. The chapter further seeks to assist teachers and education policy makers in South Africa to keep up with the new pedagogical approaches that are suitable for 21st century learners and should enhance self-directed learning.
Cognitive Apprenticeship and Artificial Intelligence Coding Assistants
Authors: Poitras Eric , Crane Brent Glen Charles , Dempsey David , Bragg Tavis A. , Siegel Angela A. , Lin Michael Pin-Chuan
Published: February 2024

The aim of this chapter is to examine the impact that AI coding assistants have on the manner in which novice programmers learn to read, write, and revise code. These discussions revolve around the concept of cognitive apprenticeship, a pedagogical framework informed by extensive research on tutoring dialogues and collaborative problem-solving practices. It involves guided instruction through modeling, coaching, and scaffolding. Within the realm of programming, these principles hold the key to nurturing skills in reading, writing, and revising code, thus making the learning process more effective and engaging. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the challenges and considerations of implementing cognitive apprenticeship within AI coding assistants. These insights are intended to benefit educators, developers, and researchers alike, offering a roadmap to enhance the learning experiences of novice programmers through AI support.
The Role of Green Brands on Achieving 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (2030 SDGs)
Authors: Yıldırım Seda , Sevik Neslihan , Kandpal Vinay , Yıldırım Durmus Cagrı
Published: February 2024

The 2030 agenda has given many roles and responsibilities to individuals, governments, and private enterprises in the long term. To achieve a sustainable future, a great and responsive collaboration should be adapted. The rise of green brands and green enterprises gives people hope to achieving the 2030 SDGs. This study aims to explore the role of green brands on achieving the 2030SDGs and to give a brief framework for the link between green brands and the 2030SDGs. This study selected some green brands from different sectors. When considering green brands from industry of cosmetic, restaurant, tourism, electronic and fashion, it is seen that waste management, recycling, organic materials, sustainable trade, and environmental protection are determined as important factors for being a green brand; these factors also contribute 2030SDGs. Accordingly, green brands can be thought to be supportive of achieving 2030 SDGs in the long term.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and Blockchain Technology in Healthcare
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet
Published: February 2024

The chapter examines how block chain technology can revolutionize pharmaceutical supply chain management. Through real-time tracking and traceability, the authenticity of medications can be ensured, thereby combating the persistent issue of counterfeit drugs and enhancing patient safety. Additionally, the clinical trial process stands to benefit from block chain and transparent and secure nature. Smart contracts can streamline patient recruitment, informed consent, and trial result reporting, promoting trust and accountability in the clinical trial ecosystem. Despite the potential benefits, the adoption of DeFi and block chain in healthcare presents several challenges, including regulatory compliance, scalability, and integration with existing healthcare systems. This chapter discusses the current state of block chain integration in healthcare and identifies future research directions to overcome these hurdles.
Digital Knowledge Transfer for Banks
Authors: Lu Huijin
Published: February 2024

Many banks today are faced with the challenges how to appropriately store, process, use, and transfer data with the close integration of enterprise-level strategies and management. A key definition as lean theory is introduced to explain how it can lead and guide the companies to effectively conduct their digital knowledge transfer from multiple dimensions. This chapter first presents the overall background with the emphasis on different phases of data usage. Second, the main challenges on digital knowledge transfer for organizations are specified, which demonstrates the importance of using lean theory to manage data. Third, the key disciplines on lean theory and how they can be alleviated to transfer data are introduced. Finally, in order to present clear understandings, Bank F is used as a case to demonstrate how it has used lean theory to conduct effective and comprehensive digital knowledge transfer.
AI-Driven Hospital Accounting
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet
Published: February 2024

When it comes to maintaining their financial stability, healthcare organisations confront particular difficulties. Hospitals are constantly under pressure to maximise their financial operations due to the growing expense of healthcare, shifting reimbursement structures, and the requirement to deliver high-quality patient care. In this quickly changing environment, traditional hospital accounting techniques might not be sufficient anymore. This chapter examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionise hospital accounting and provide a way to improve financial stability. AI-driven hospital accounting uses automation, data analytics, and sophisticated machine learning algorithms to increase accuracy, expedite financial procedures, and facilitate well-informed decision-making.
Generative AI From Theory to Model
Authors: Wadood Asim
Published: February 2024

This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of generative AI and its applications in computer vision. The introduction section elucidates the concept of generative AI and underscores its importance within the realm of artificial intelligence. The chapter also provides a deep dive into the various techniques used in generative AI, such as creative style transfer, forecasting subsequent video frames, enhancing image resolution, enabling interactive image generation, facilitating image-to-image translation, text-to-image synthesis, image inpainting, the generation of innovative animated characters, the construction of 3D models from image, the utilization of the variational autoencoder (VAE) and its various adaptations, the implementation of generative adversarial networks (GANs) and their diverse iterations, as well as the use of transformers and their manifold versions. The chapter also highlights the current limitations and potential future developments in the field.
Bridging the Gap
Authors: Khan Zainab , Jamal S. Reshma
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, the exploration delves into the captivating realm of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Artificial Emotional Intelligence (AEI) to unravel their profound impact on human-machine harmony. Navigating the tapestry of human emotions and the evolving landscape of technology, the chapter aims to illuminate the synergies and transformative potential these concepts hold. This journey embarks on a captivating exploration into the realms of EI and AEI, investigating how the fusion of these disciplines can redefine the way individuals interact with technology and, fundamentally, with each other. The chapter seeks to dissect the existing divide between EI and AI, elucidating how their integration can revolutionize the prediction of human behavior. Through an understanding and amalgamation of the strengths of both disciplines, the pathway is paved for more intuitive, empathetic, and effective interactions between humans and machines.
Predictive Pioneers
Authors: Komalasari Rita
Published: February 2024

Predictive pioneers are bridging the mental health gap in older adults by leveraging advanced digital technologies and user-centric insights. This study explores the potential of machine learning and digital tools in predicting mental health conditions in older adults, facilitating early intervention and support. Through an extensive literature review, user interactions, and healthcare staff interviews, the research aims to bridge gaps in existing knowledge and emphasize real-world application. The research culminates in the creation of highly accurate predictive models for depression in older adults, with valuable insights from user perspectives and healthcare staff guiding future directions. This study contributes innovative methods for mental health prediction and emphasizes the importance of user-centred design, paving the way for effective and accessible mental health interventions for older adults.
Ethical and Social Consequences of Accelerated Technology Adoption
Authors: Shukla Anuja , Jirli Poornima
Published: February 2024

This study examines the ethical and social consequences of the accelerated adoption of new technologies. An empirical approach is employed to explore the impacts of rapid technological integration on societal norms, ethical considerations, and individual behaviours. Responses from 305 participants are analysed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), focusing on perceived usefulness, ease of use, relative advantage, personal innovativeness, and fear of missing out (FOMO). The findings unveil intricate interactions between technological advancements and ethical-social dynamics, underscoring challenges and opportunities. Critical insights are offered by this study for policymakers, technology developers, and society at large, aiming to encourage a more ethically informed and socially conscious approach to technology adoption.
Influencer Marketing
Authors: Mukherjee Sayantan , Verma Ajay , Neogi Shromona
Published: February 2024

The millennial focus has shifted from mere consumption to sustainable consumption. Responsible and ethical buying is the primary focus. Millennial consumers are highly concerned about issues like environmental degradation and climatic changes and are ready to contribute to good causes. They are becoming more risk-averse and prefer to support businesses that emphasize pro-social messaging, environmentally friendly production, and moral business practices. The target consumer's perception of influencer marketing buzzwords like authenticity, credibility, and consumer involvement can be perceived as evolving. Influencers also power their voices to promote changes for good environmental causes. The study enlightens the development of the urge for ethical/sustainable buying to adopt moral influencer content as a basis to follow them and facilitate the consumer buying process. The people associated with the domain as influencers or aspiring to be one should focus on ethical influencing. The growing ethical consumerism is playing a vital role in behavioral adoption of ethical influencers.
Potential Mental and Physical Health Impacts of Spending Extended Periods in the Metaverse
Authors: Suganya V. , Suresh N. V.
Published: February 2024

The metaverse, a burgeoning digital universe of immersive experiences and interactions, has captured the imagination of individuals and industries alike. As people increasingly gravitate towards extended engagement within these virtual realms, questions arise about the potential consequences for mental and physical health. This analysis provides an in-depth examination of the multifaceted health implications stemming from prolonged immersion in the metaverse.In this exploration, we investigate the psychological effects of extended metaverse use, including issues related to social isolation, addiction, and the potential for disconnection from the physical world. We delve into the emotional aspects, exploring how interactions within the metaverse may impact users' self-esteem, emotional well-being, and social relationships.This research seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the metaverse by offering insights into the intricate relationship between immersive digital experiences and human health.
Effect of near canopy thermal changes on growth, yield and grain sterility of three ultra-short age rice varieties under aerobic and flooded conditions
Authors: Wettasinghe D. R. Y. , Silva L. C. , Ranawana S. R. W. M. C. J. K. , Yoshimoto M.
Published: February 2024

Canopy temperature (CT) represents the temperature experienced by the uppermost portion of the vegetative canopy of a crop. CT may better explain the high temperature-induced grain sterility and yield losses than air temperature does. However, less scientific attention was paid on CT related investigations on rice under Sri Lankan context. Therefore, Sri Lankan rice varieties were evaluated at the Rice Research and Development Institute, Bathalagoda under two soil moisture conditions to study the canopy thermal dynamics and its impact on growth, grain sterility and yield. This Experiment was arranged in a two-factor factorial Completely Randomized Design with eight replicates. Factor one was soil moisture condition (aerobic and flooded) and factor two was rice variety (Bg 250, Bg 252 and Ld 253). CT was continuously monitored at 10 minutes intervals. Growth and yield parameters were recorded once a week. Number of tillers was negatively correlated with maximum CT while plant height was positively correlated with minimum CT in both conditions. CT at spikelet opening had a negative impact on pollen fertility and positive impact on grain sterility irrespective of moisture condition. Under flooded condition, grain yield was negatively correlated with maximum CT at 13:00 h. Moreover, growth and yield performances were superior under flooded conditions compared to aerobic conditions. Interactive effect of soil moisture × variety was significant for 1000-grain weight and % pollen fertility where the highest values were recorded by Bg 250 (29.33 g) and Bg 252 (96.4%) in flooded conditions, respectively. In conclusion, monitoring CT dynamics can be considered as a useful tool to assess growth and yield performances of rice under varying soil moisture conditions. Field investigations are suggested to confirm the results.
Predictors of Pregnancy Disclosure in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III Athletes
Authors: Horn Kiley E. , Harris Tyler S.
Published: February 2024

Context

Pregnant athletes cannot receive proper care if they choose to conceal their pregnancy. Unfortunately, many factors may lead an athlete to conceal. Whereas the extant qualitative literature suggests scholarship and sponsorship are prominent factors in the decision to disclose, this research is limited to elite athletes.

Objective

To quantitatively examine predictors of pregnancy disclosure beyond scholarship and sponsorship in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III college athletes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Midwestern United States.

Participants or Other Participants

Athletes on Division III women’s sports teams (N = 127).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Confidence in the athletic trainer (AT), perceived training and performance changes, athletic identity, and athletic identity during pregnancy. Two separate multiple regression analyses were conducted with the 4 predictors and 2 outcomes: likelihood to disclose and time to disclosure.

Results

Confidence in the AT and athletic identity during pregnancy were significant predictors in both models, whereas the variable of perceived training and performance changes was only significant in the likelihood to disclose model. Athletic identity was not a significant predictor in either model. Results suggest Division III athletes believe they would be more likely to disclose their pregnancy and may disclose sooner if they feel that their AT can properly manage their physical, emotional, and social wellness during the pregnancy. Additionally, disclosure is promoted if they believe they will still be viewed as athletes by themselves and the people around them.

Conclusions

These findings emphasize the importance of the role of the AT, with implications that formal education of ATs should include the holistic support of the pregnant athlete.
New perspectives on the Anglo-Boer War / Nuwe perspektiewe op die Anglo-Boereoorlog
Authors: Möller Pieter L.
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.
Portrait of a Slave Society: The Cape of Good Hope, 1717-1795
Authors: Reidy Michael
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.
Cultural memory and early civilization: Writing, remembrance and political imagination
Authors: Thompson Lisa
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.