bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROGNOZIROVANIE TEChENIYa RAKA ENDOMETRIYa NA FONE METABOLIChESKOGO SINDROMA
Authors: Bochkareva N V , Kolomiets L A , Kondakova I V , Chernyshova A L , Stukanov S L , Savenkova O V , Tropina T V
Published: December 2023

Multivariate analysis of data has yielded mathematical models of prognosis for endometrial cancer (EC) patients with and without metabolic syndrome (84 and 62 subjects, respectively). A total of 77 signs, including anthropometric, clinicoanamnestic, hormonal-metabolic, and immunohistochemical parameters, and the indicators of insulin-like growth factors in the endometrial tumors, were analyzed. All the patients with EC were divided into 2 groups in accordance with individual prognosis. The criteria for good prognosis were no recurrences, metastases, or death during 60 months. Analysis of the informative criteria included into the mathematical model indicated that EC patients with metabolic syndrome are typified by the fact that the formula contains values that are either direct criteria for metabolic syndrome or values closely clinically related to metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, the level of triglycerides, and primary infertility). The specific feature of the model was an indicator, such as disease stage, for EC patients with metabolic syndrome and the histotype and differentiation degree of a tumor for those without metabolic syndrome, which seems to be associated with the fact that it is in this group that non-endometrioid tumors are much more frequently encountered. The level of PAPP-A was one of the most informative prognostic values in patients with and without metabolic syndrome.
Rezul'taty radiochastotnoy rezektsii pecheni po povodu metastazov kolorektal'nogo raka
Authors: Vorob'ev G I , Shelygin Yu A , Kashnikov V N , Rybakov E G , Lavrinenko A V
Published: December 2023

The authors present the immediate and long-term results of atypical hepatectomies carried out in 124 patients for colorectal cancer metastases in 1999 to June 2009. Hepatectomies were performed using radiofrequency (RF) devices in 32 patients and electric, ultrasonic, and argon-beam coagulations in 92. Combined operations in the volume of resection of different portions of the colorectum and hepatectomy were made in 112 patients; hepatectomies for metachronic metastases were carried out in 12. Hepatectomies using RF devices versus conventional hepatectomy reduce intraoperative blood loss, the time of resection, and the incidence of complications. Three-year survival rates in the patients who had undergone RF-assisted hepatectomies are comparable with those in the patients who had conventional atypical hepatectomies.
Lechenie bol'nykh luchevym ekssudativnym perikarditom
Authors: Kursova L V , Ragulin Yu A , Pasov V V , Ivanova I N
Published: December 2023

Radiation exudative pericarditis is a rare (up to 24%) complication of radiation and combination treatment for lymphogranulomatosis and lung cancer. As of now, preference is given to drug management of patients with exudative and adhesive-exudative pericarditis. The experience in treating 27 patients with radiation exudative pericarditis has shown that combined drug treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs from different groups, diuretics, and metabolic and vascular agents results in a reduction or disappearance of fluid in the pericardial cavity in 44% of cases, elimination of the signs of heart failure, improvement in central and systemic hemodynamic parameters, and an increase in the quality of life in patients.
EPIDEMIOLOGIChESKIE I MOLEKULYaRNO-GENETIChESKIE OSOBENNOSTI GENITAL'NOY PAPILLOMAVIRUSNOY INFEKTsII U ZhENShchIN, PROZhIVAYuShchIKh V RESPUBLIKE BELARUS'
Authors: Vergeychik G I , Stribuk Zh A , Eremin V F
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of an epidemiological study, which have determined the territorial features of the prevalence of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) responsible for the development of precancer and cancer of the cervix uteri in women living in the Republic of Belarus. The got basic knowledge about the molecular epidemiology of HPV infection will enable one to determine new landmarks for the treatment and follow-up of patients, by taking into account detected HPV genotypes and their carcinogenic potential, and to assess the expediency and potential outlook of immunization with first-generation vaccines at the population level.
REZUL'TATY PERVIChNYKh REKONSTRUKTIVNYKh OPERATsIY PRI RAKE MOLOChNOY ZhELEZY (OPYT 1029 REKONSTRUKTIVNYKh OPERATsIY)
Authors: Pak D D , Rasskazova E A
Published: December 2023

The authors give their experience with primary reconstructive surgery in patients with breast cancer who have undergone organ-saving operations and subcutaneous mastectomies.
Patient tissues and those in a combination with a silicone implant were used for breast repair. The broadest muscle of the back in combination with an endoprosthesis was most commonly used in 513 patients for reconstruction.
The least rate of recurrences was found after subcutaneous mastectomy as compared with that after organ-saving operations, which is associated with a large volume of removed tissues.
Lechenie sinovial'noy sarkomy u detey
Authors: Shvarova A V , Ravshanova R S , Kayumov R M , Sharoev T A , Ivanova N M
Published: December 2023

The results of treatment are analyzed in 48 patients (22 boys and 26 girls; mean age 10.5±3.7 years) with synovial sarcoma at various sites. The patients were divided into 2 groups matched for gender, age, the site and extent of the process, TNM stage, and a history of recurrences. These were a study group (n = 19) and a control one (n = 29). All the patients received multimodality treatment. The study group was treated by the regimen: multidrug therapy (vepesid, cyclophosphanum, and carboplatin as 4 to 8 courses; radiotherapy to a primary focus in a cumulative focal dose (CFD) of 45-50 Gy; if indicated, large-field radiation of the lung in a CFD of 12 Gy; organ-sparing surgery. Subtransplantation doses of autologous peripheral blood stem cells were reinfused in all the patients. In the study group patients, 2-year overall and relapse-free survival rates were 75.6±10.6 and 66.1±11.3%, respectively.
Vozmozhnosti lekarstvennoy protivoopukholevoy terapii raka nosoglotki
Authors: Bolotina L V , Koroleva L A , Kornietskaya A L
Published: December 2023

In patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the traditional treatment is radiation and chemoradiation therapy. At the beginning of the therapy, a significant local extent of a tumor (T3-4N1-3) is detectable in more than 80% of patients. Chemotherapy is a promising approach to enhancing the efficiency of treatment in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which further allows the performance of radiotherapy. The authors have used induction therapy to realize a combination treatment plan.
Dobrokachestvennaya metastaziruyushchaya leyomioma matki s porazheniem legkikh
Authors: Pikin O V , Frank G A , Vursol D A , Efremov G D , Astakhov D N
Published: December 2023

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma is an extrauterine metastasizing leiomyomatous lesion of distant organs and systems, without histological and immunohistochemical signs of malignization. At present, there are about 80 such clinical cases in the literature. This paper describes the authors' rare clinical case that shows a problem in the diagnosis of benign uterine leiomyoma metastasizing to the lung and how to choose adequate treatment policy for these patients.
Modifitsirovannoe kombinirovannoe lechenie bol'nykh s osteosarkomoy trubchatykh kostey
Authors: Urunbaev S D , Gafur-Akhunov M A
Published: December 2023

The results of multimodality treatment were analyzed in 122 patients with lower extremity osteosarcoma. According to the treatment modality, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) systemic chemotherapy followed by surgery; 2) continuous intraarterial regional chemotherapy followed by surgery (CIARC); 3) CIARC using the modifiers of local hyperthermia and short-term hyperglycemia. The study indicated that the best treatment result was obtained in Group 3. This made it possible to perform organ-sparing surgery in 72.2% of the patients of this group, to reduce the number of crippling operations to 22.2%, and to achieve a significant tumor remission.
Gialiniziruyushchaya trabekulyarnaya opukhol' shchitovidnoy zhelezy
Authors: Mal'kov P G , Morozova M A , Grinevich V N , Abrosimov A Yu , Minasyan A M
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a case of thyroid hyalinizing trabecular tumor in a 55-year-old woman. Cytological examination of her fine-needle biopsy specimen showed separately lying tumor cells with intracellular cytoplasmic inclusions. Its cytological study determined the trabeculoalveolar structures formed by tumor cells, the intercellular space exhibited a homogenous eosinophilic matter that yielded a positive Schick's test, laminated calcinates that mimick psammoma bodies. Immunophenotyping of the neoplasm revealed a positive reaction with antibodies to thyroglobulin, a negative reaction to galectin-3 and cytokeratin-19, and membrane Ki-67 expression, which suggests the low malignancy potential.
Protivoopukholevye vaktsiny na osnove dendritom
Authors: Nikitin K D , Rubtsova M A , Utyashev I A , Baryshnikov A Yu
Published: December 2023

Immunotherapy is an oncology area that studies how to treat malignancies, by activating and/or potentiating an antitumor immune response in the patient. Much attention is given to the use of dendritic cells and their based agents (vaccines). Pilot clinical trials have demonstrated that dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens induce an immune response that is specific to tumor-associated antigens. Dendritic/tumor cell fusion is one of the most original and very promising methods for enhancing the efficacy of dendritic cell vaccines. The present overview presents information on the dendritoma obtaining procedure, discusses the specific features of the biology of hybrid cells, and the results of their experimental study. Particular emphasis is laid on the data of clinical studies of dendritomas in patients with malignancies.
LUChEVAYa TERAPIYa I POLIKhIMIOTERAPIYa V LEChENII MESTNO-RASPROSTRANENNYKh FORM RAKA ShEYKI MATKI
Authors: Mamadalieva Ya S , Isamukhamedova M A
Published: December 2023

The results of treatment were retrospectively analyzed in 286 patients aged 20-79 years with locally advanced cancer of the cervix uteri; of them 178 patients received concomitant radiation treatment (a control group) and 108 had concomitant radiation treatment and polychemotherapy included into a cisplatin treatment regimen (a study group). Analysis of treatment results indicated that in the study group there was a rise in the rate of a systemic antitumor effect up to 85.2%, a decrease in that of local recurrences, and a 10% increase in three-year survival rates.
Otsenka effektivnosti fotodinamicheskoy terapii papillomavirusnoy infektsii pri predrake i nachal'nom rake sheyki matki
Authors: Trushina O I , Chissov V I , Novikova E G , Sokolov V V , Andreeva Yu Yu
Published: December 2023

The antiviral efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was studied in 54 women infected with high-oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotypes: 8 patients with moderate dysplasia (Group 1), 32 with severe dysplasia (Group 2); 14 with carcinoma in situ (Group 3). Types 16, 18 of HPV DNA were identified in virtually two thirds of cases or their combination with other high-oncogenic genotypes (31, 33, 35, 45, 58) were noted. A multiplex, quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was made. PDT used the photosensitizer Photosens. A follow-up lasted 3 months to 1 year. The antiviral efficiency of PDT was evaluated, by comparatively analyzing the results of the multiplex real-time PCR performed before PDT and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Complete eradication of HPV was achieved in 4 women with the low clinically significant amount of virus and in 10 with a clinically significant viral load. There was a complete antiviral effect in 21 of the 36 patients with a higher viral load and a low clinically significant amount of virus in the others. Therefore, PDT has not only antitumor activity, but also a pronounced antiviral effect.
METODOLOGIChESKIE ASPEKTY INTRAOPERATsIONNOY FOTODINAMIChESKOY TERAPII PRI MESTNO-RASPROSTRANENNOM RAKE MOLOChNOY ZhELEZY
Authors: Filonenko E V , Pak D D , Saribekyan E K , Barsamyan G S , Frank G A , Andreeva Yu Yu , Krylova G P , Ermoshchenkova M V
Published: December 2023

The authors give their experience with intraoperative photodynamic therapy used in 79 patients with Stages IIB, IIIA, B, and C breast cancer. When its procedure was being developed, the tissue distribution of alasens-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and photosens was studied in the normal tissue and tumor of the breast. The study showed the specific features of PPIX accumulation in the tumor in relation to the performance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Analysis of 3-year treatment results revealed no disease progression in 17 (50%) patients; 5 (14.7%) patients were diagnosed as having a locoregional recurrence; distant metastases were detected in 12 (35.5%). Intraoperative photodynamic therapy has prospects for treating locally advanced breast cancer in order to enhance intraoperative ablastics, devitalization of cancer cells of the wound surface and to prevent a local recurrence.
Sovremennyy vzglyad na markernyy retsidiv raka yaichnikov
Authors: Korneeva I A , Novikova E G , Sergeeva N S
Published: December 2023

The authors give the current data available in the Russian and foreign literature on marker recurrence in ovarian cancer. Special criteria for unifying the assessment of a treatment response and for determining the progression of solid tumors (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors - RECIST) and criteria for determining marker recurrences, by measuring the level of CA125 (Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup - GCIG), are considered. The results of the studies comparing the standard RECIST criteria with the GCIG classification are analyzed.
Sovremennye printsipy lecheniya raka pryamoy kishki
Authors: Sidorov D V , Vashakmadze L A
Published: December 2023

The present overview is dedicated to the current principles of surgical and combination treatment for rectal cancer. Basic approaches to choosing a treatment method and policy for early (T1-2N0) and locally advanced (T3-4 and/ or N1) rectal cancer are described. The role of the current chemoradiotherapy as a factor that reduces the frequency of local recurrences and increases the number of sphincter-sparing operations is considered. Great emphasis is laid on the role of a pathomorphologist in the assessing the quality of surgical intervention on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic studies. An integrated assessment of the factors that influence prognosis and quality of life in patients with rectal cancer is given; these include total mesorectumectomy, nerve-sparing surgery, circular resection edge, and extended lateral lymphadenectomy.
IMPUL'SNAYa LAZERNAYa GIPERTERMIYa S NANOChASTITsAMI V KAChESTVE TERMOSENSIBILIZATOROV - NOVYY POTENTsIAL'NYY METOD PROTIVOOPUKhOLEVOY TERAPII
Authors: Yakubovskaya R I , Pankratov A A , Andreeva T N , Venediktova Yu B , Kogan B Ya , Butenin A V , Puchnova V A , Feyzulova R A , Rudoy V M , Dement'eva O V , Kartseva M E , Filippenko M A , Chissov V I , Vorozhtsov G N
Published: December 2023

The antitumor properties of pulsed laser hyperthermia (PLH) based on nanoparticles (Nps) of silver (Agks and Agkv), the phthalocyanines of aluminum (AlPc). Zinc (ZnPc), cobalt (CoPc), metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) were assessed. Under the optimum conditions, PLH based on ZnPc and Agks Nps had a comparable anti-tumor effect and resulted in long-term suppression of mouse tumor S-37 growth by 100-83%. The investigations have shown that PLH based on Nps as thermosensitizers has a marked antitumor effect. The findings suggest that it is expedient to conduct further comprehensive (preclinical) studies of the antitumor therapy technique in the experiment.
OTsENKA EFFEKTIVNOSTI KONSERVATIVNOGO LEChENIYa BOL'NYKh RAKOM MOLOChNOY ZhELEZY POZhILOGO I STARChESKOGO VOZRASTA
Authors: Isamukhamedova M A , Utemuratov Ya Yu , Khakimov G A , Kenzhaev B
Published: December 2023

The results of treatment were retrospectively analyzed in 225 elderly and senile breast cancer (BC) patients aged 60-80 years. Of them 122 patients received only medical treatment comprising chemo-, radio- and hormonal therapies and 133 had multimodality treatment involving surgery, chemo-, radio-, and hormonal therapies. Examinations demonstrated that 5-year survival was 87.7% in the BC patients who had received medical treatment and 96.2% in those who had undergone multimodality treatment including surgery. Medical treatment may be the method of choice in treating elderly and senile women with comorbidity and in those who refuse to be surgically treated.
Osobennosti khirurgicheskogo lecheniya nemelkokletochnogo raka legkogo III stadii
Authors: Chernykh A V , Polotskiy B E , Laktionov K K
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the results of treatment in 142 patients radically operated on for Stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Among them, there were 116 patients who had undergone systematic mediastinal lymphodissection (SMLD) and 26 patients who had typical surgery without SMLD. After SMLD, 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals were 95.9, 50, and 30% versus 81, 10, and 5% after typical surgery, respectively. After SMLD and typical surgery, the median survival was 965 (23 months) and 432 (14 months) days, respectively.
LAPAROSKOPIChESKAYa TAZOVAYa LIMFADENEKTOMIYa PRI LOKALIZOVANNOM RAKE PROSTATY
Authors: Martov A G , Parkhonin D I
Published: December 2023

The role of laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy was studied in located prostate cancer. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 230 patients with located prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. Thirty-five and 195 patients underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy (LPL) and open pelvic lymphadenectomy (OPL), respectively. During surgery, lymph nodes were bilaterally removed in the area of the obstructed fossa and internal iliac veins. The duration of surgery in the LPL group was statistically significantly longer (p < 0.001) than that in the OPL group. During LPL, the volume of blood loss and the duration of postoperative lymphorhea were statistically significant lower than those in the OPL group (p < 0.001). Both group showed no statistically significant differences in the number of removed lymph nodes (p = 0.172). There was a statistically significant relationship between the stage T and the frequency of the stage N1 (p = 0.027) and between the Gleason scores and the frequency of the stage N1 (p = 0.001). Correlation analysis showed a weak correlation between the level of PSA and the stage N1 (r = 0.212). LPL has been shown to be a beneficial alternative to OLP and it is expedient to be primarily guided by the degree of tumor differentiation while selecting patients for pelvic lymphadenectomy
Konservativnoe lechenie desmoidnykh fibrom
Authors: Novikova O V , Dar'yalova S L , Boyko A V , Epifanova S V , Prokof'eva E A
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes two cases demonstrating that remote radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be used in the medical treatment of desmoid tumors of the chest.
Tartratrezistentnaya kislaya fosfataza osteoklastov (TRAP-5b) v syvorotke krovi u patsientov s pervichnymi opukholyami kostey
Authors: Derzhavin V A , Sergeeva N S , Teplyakov V V , Marshutina N V , Solokhina M P , Machak G N
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the ivestigation was to study whether osteoclast-derived serum tartrate-resistant acid (TRAP-5b) can be used as a tumor marker in the presence of primary bone neoplasms. The study included 34 patients with primary bone malignancies (Group 1), 35 with benign tumors and traumatic bone fractures (Group 2), and 38 apparently healthy donors (Group 3). All the groups were age-matched and gender-matched. TRAP-5b levels were studied by enzyme immunoassay. The low (less than 3 U/l) serum concentration of TRAP-5b was found in 39, 31, and 3% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The TRAP-5b levels exceeding 6.0 U/l were seen in 1 examinee from Group 3, in 1 patient from Group 2 and in 35% of Group 1 patients. The highest concentrations (7.74±0.73 U/l) of TRAP-5b were detected in patients with osteolytic bone destruction, the least (4.48±0.92 U/l) in mixed one.
OPREDELENIE POROGA GOTOVNOSTI OBShchESTVA PLATIT' ZA SOKhRANENNYY GOD KAChESTVENNOY ZhIZNI: METODOLOGIYa I PREDEL EFFEKTIVNOSTI ZATRAT V RAZLIChNYKh STRANAKh MIRA
Authors: Zelenova O V , Chissov V I , Starodubov V I
Published: December 2023

The introduction of new highly expensive diagnostic and therapeutic methods in the present state-of-art of medicine makes health administrators consider in a new fashion the required amount of state investments in the provision of citizens with necessary treatment for social diseases, cancers in particular. To estimate the cost threshold for the inclusion or exclusion of new treatments is one of the important tasks in the light of health care and drug provision reforms in the Russian Federation. To determine society's willingness to pay will estimate the expenses borne by the state while elaborating the standards for treatment and compiling the lists of drugs to be dispensed free of charge.
Neyropaticheskiy bolevoy sindrom v onkologii: epidemiologiya, klassifikatsiya i osobennosti patogeneza pri zlokachestvennykh opukholyakh
Authors: Abuzarova G R
Published: December 2023

The paper gives an update on the causes of neuropathic pain, the specific features of its pathogenesis during malignancies, epidemiological data on the prevalence of neuropathic pain in cancer patients in our country, its classifications and details the causes of its occurrence during antitumor treatment, in the generalization of the tumor process, and in systemic metabolic disturbances.
Immunogistokhimicheskaya kharakteristika i kriterii prognoza sarkomy Yuinga/PNET
Authors: Bulanov D V , Makhson A N
Published: December 2023

A group of high-grade small round-cell neuroectodermal tumors developing in soft tissues and bones has been recently identified in children and young adults on the basis of the data of classical morphology and the results obtained by new techniques (cell culturing, molecular genetics, immunohistochemistry). To denote these tumors, the term "primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumor" (PNET) has been proposed. The problem is of great practical importance in the differential diagnosis of formally similar malignancies (lymphoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, small-cell variant of osteosarcoma), this makes PNET and Ewing's sarcoma be histogenetically and clinicodiagnostically of special scientific and practical interest.
Neoad\"yuvantnaya prolongirovannaya khimioluchevaya terapiya s posleduyushchey gastrektomiey D2 u bol'nykh mestno-rasprostranennym rakom zheludka
Authors: Skoropad V Yu , Berdov B A , Titova L N , Mardynskiy Yu S , Evdokimov L V , Silant'eva N K , Agababyan T A , Neborak Yu T , Agafonov V V
Published: December 2023

The authors report the preliminary results of Phase II clinical trial of the new method of multimodal treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer - preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The procedure for the latter is well tolerated by patients and causes moderate, treatable reactions. Preoperative exposure does not complicate surgical intervention. There were no postoperative complications or deaths. The clinical and morphological evaluation of tumor responses showed that most patients had significant regression of both a primary tumor and regional metastases. Long-term neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by D2 gastrectomy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer is a warranted and promising treatment calling for further clinical studies.
Prognostic value of determination of the degree of malignancy by the FNCLCC system and the expression of Ag-NOR proteins in leiomyosarcoma of the corpus uteri
Authors: Avdalyan A M , Bobrov I P , Klimachev V V , Chechulin M N , Lazarev A F , Avdalyan A M , Bobrov I P , Klimachev V V , Chechulin M N , Lazarev A F
Published: December 2023

Leiomyosarcoma of the corpus uteri is a rare malignancy that is difficult in diagnosis, randomization, and pathomorphological assessment of prognostic criteria. The authors estimated the prognostic value of determining the degree of malignancy of soft tissue tumors by the FNCLCC system in relation to Ag-NOR proteins and Ki-67. The findings indicated that the degree of malignancy was of the greatest prognostic value and an independent criteria for 10-year survival (χ2 = 18.9). A slightly less, but statistical significance was shown by Ki-67 expression (χ2 = 9.8) and the number of Ag-NOR proteins (χ2 = 13.4).
LUChEVYE POVREZhDENIYa ORGANOV GRUDNOY POLOSTI U BOL'NYKh RAKOM LEGKOGO
Authors: Kursova L V
Published: December 2023

The paper reviews the data available in the literature on thoracic organ lesions that worsen quality of life and may be a reason for changing a treatment regimen for lung cancer, a long hospital stay, and even a patient's death. Radiation-induced lesions in the lung and heart, such as pneumonitis, pneumofibrosis, myocarditis, myocardiofibrosis, pericarditis, are currently most significant in their severity and duration. To develop modes for preventing and treating complications of radiotherapy for lung cancer remains an urgent task of modern radiology.
Nekotorye aspekty organosokhranyayushchego lecheniya pogranichnykh opukholey yaichnikov
Authors: Novikova E G , Shevchuk A S , Zavalishina L E
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes worldwide experience in using saving operations in patients with bilateral borderline ovarian tumors, the goals of which are to remove a tumor-altered ovarian portion and to preserve visually unchanged ovarian tissue. It comparatively characterizes the rates of recurrences, survival, and fertility after applying this approach. The authors' results of such interventions in 17 patients are given. The findings suggest that saving organ-sparing operations may be performed in patients with bilateral lesions and borderline tumors of the single ovary to maintain reproductive function; however, there is a high risk for recurrent tumors in these situations. Further accumulation of material is needed to obtain objective results and to study the molecular biological characteristics of borderline tumors that may provide a substantial aid in defining the prognosis of the disease and treatment policy in this category of patients.
Aktivnost' proteasom i soderzhanie rostovykh faktorov pri rake pochki, mochevogo puzyrya i endometriya
Authors: Spirina L V , Kondakova I V , Usynin E A , Kolomiets L A , Vintizenko S I , Bochkareva N V , Chernyshova A L
Published: December 2023

The proteasome system has been ascertained to play a key role in the development of cancer of the kidney, urinary bladder, and endometrium, which is likely to be linked to the regulation of tissue growth factor levels. Decreased proteasome activity in a renal tissue tumor versus normal tissue is accompanied by activated neoangiogenesis, as suggested by the higher content of vascular endothelial growth factor. In bladder cancer, the activity of tumor enzymes did not differ from their activity in the adjacent tissue. In endometrial cancer tissue, that of proteasome was increased as compared with that in the normal tissue. The content of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the endometrial cancer tissue was associated with the activity of proteasome in the normal tissue.
DISKUSSIONNYE VOPROSY AD\"YuVANTNOY TERAPII PRI ORGANOSOKhRANYaYuShchEM LEChENII INVAZIVNOGO RAKA ShEYKI MATKI
Authors: Antipov V A , Novikova E G , Andreeva Yu Yu , Novikova O V , Balakhontseva O S
Published: December 2023

Organ-saving treatment for invasive cervical cancer, by applying radical trachelectomy, is as effective as radical hysterectomy. Despite careful selection of patients, there are indications for adjuvant treatment in an average of 10% of cases. The conventional approach for this category of patients is to use radiation or chemoradiation, which leads to irreversible fertility loss. There have been some cases when chemotherapy was employed as an alternative adjuvant therapy after radical trachelectomy or the patients followed up were untreated; however, data on the efficiency of these approaches are yet inadequate. The problem whether adjuvant treatment is performed after radical trachelectomy remains debatable calls for further studies.
Since December 2005, the P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute has been performing radical abdominal trachelectomy (RAT), developed an original procedure for saving the uterine vessels. Modified trachelectomy was carried out in 72 patients; in 9 (12.5%) of them, the surgical volume was extended to radical hysterectomy with ovarian transposition from the data of a prompt histological study. A scheduled histological study after RAT revealed metastases to the pelvic lymph nodes in 4 (6%) of 63 patients. Thus, radical organ-saving treatment could be performed in 59 (82%) of the 72 patients selected for trachelectomy according to the results of a preoperative examination.
Endobronkhial'naya khirurgiya i fotodinamicheskaya terapiya pri zlokachestvennykh opukholyakh trakhei i bronkhov
Authors: Sokolov V V , Telegina L V , Trakhtenberg A Kh , Pikin O V , Osipova N A , Boyko A V , Frank G A , Belous T A
Published: December 2023

The authors present their data on endobronchial treatment of 374 patients with malignant stenotic tumors of the trachea and bronchi (n = 150; 187 tumors), central lung cancer (CLC) (n = 119; 162 tumors), benign tumors (n = 47), and scarring stenosis (n = 58). A complex of diagnostic studies was developed, which comprised video-assisted high-resolution endoscopy, fluorescence and NBI bronchoscopy, endosonography, spiral computed tomography, and a morphological study. Indications for various endoscopic treatment options were defined. The basic techniques for tumor removal were electrocoagulation, Nd:YAG-laser thermodestruction (1984-1994), photodynamic therapy, and argon-plasma coagulation (1992-2008). In patients with stenotic tumors, complete or partial luminal recovery could be achieved in 96% of cases just after endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic treatment as a preparatory stage was performed in 24 (16%) patients before open surgery and in 81 (54%) patients prior to radiotherapy. In CLC, complete tumor regression was achieved in 89% and in 100% when tumors sized under 1 cm along the plane. A follow-up lasted as long as 8 years. A recurrence was diagnosed in 175 of cases; metachronic CLC was found in 21%. The developed endoscopic treatment options can be occasionally regarded as the only possible treatment modality or as an alternative to surgical treatment.
Vnutriplevral'naya immunoterapiya interleykinom-2 bol'nykh s metastaticheskim plevritom
Authors: Titov K S , Demidov L V , Kiselevskiy M V , Shubina I Zh , Mikhaylova I N , Rodionova L M , Topol' K Yu , Sinel'nikov I E , Gritsay A N
Published: December 2023

The paper gives the results of a study of the clinical efficiency of intrapleural immunotherapy with low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (roncoleukin®) in patients with metastatic exudative pleurisy in breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. It has been shown that this treatment modality is highly effective (an objective response was 84%), increases longevity and quality of life in patients, rarely causes recurrences, and it is easy-to-use and well tolerated. Intrapleural immunotherapy for malignant pleural effusion may be successfully used in drug-unresponsive patients and it is one of the stages of multimodality therapy for a disseminated tumor process.
Thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in cancer surgery
Authors: Chissov V I , Osipova N A , Ermolaev P M , Kotin M Yu , El'darkhanov D R , Khovanskaya T P , Chissov V I , Osipova N A , Ermolayev P M , Kotin M Yu , Eldarkhanov D R , Khovanskaya T P
Published: December 2023

Postoperative thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications (TEC and HC) were analyzed in 300 cancer surgical patients of a different profile in the same period of time, by assessing multiple risk factors and their prognostic value. There was a preponderance of postoperative HC (5%) over TEC (3%); the patients who received anticoagulant prevention (ACP) developed HC by twice more frequently than those who did not. In different periods after surgery the patients, including ACP-receiving ones, developed TEC: deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity on days 7-20 mainly after operations on abdominal and small pelvic organs, pulmonary artery thromboembolism on days 1-7 after thoracoabdominal operations. HO was prevalent in patients who had undergone removal of tumors of the head and neck in the complete absence of TEC. All complications were abolished without any fatal outcomes. The authors show it necessary to apply a differential approach to using ACP before extensive cancer operations (including those in patients at risk for thrombus), by taking into account the risk for high intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hemorrhage in the presence of large wound surfaces and posthemorrhagic and drug-induced hypocoagulation. It is expedient to develop an algorithm for the management of cancer surgical patients of a different profile, which provides the prevention of not only TEC, but also HC.
Tsitologicheskiy metod v vyyavlenii metastaticheskogo porazheniya limfaticheskikh uzlov
Authors: Volchenko N N , Gladunova Z D , Slavnova E N , Ermolaeva A G , Mel'nikova V Yu
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to define the capacities of cytology in the identification of a metastaic lymph node lesion. The investigators analyzed 6794 lymph nodes (5206 fine-needle biopsy specimens and 1588 scrapes and imprints) from the patients operated on at the P. A. Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncological Studies. Cytological specimens were stained using the modified Pappenheim procedure (azur-eosin mixtures). The results of the cytological study were compared with those of the planned histological lymph node study. Overall, the accuracy of the cytological technique was 99%; false-negative and false-positive results were 0.8 and 0.2%, respectively. The accuracy of intraoperative cytological diagnosis of a metastatic lymph node lesion was 99.2%. The cytological study of lymph nodes is a simple, accessible, and reliable morphological diagnostic method. Errors may be made in cases of micrometastases, sinus histiocytosis. Difficulties may arise in the differential diagnosis of tumor cells and inflammatory elements.
Kombinirovannoe i luchevoe lechenie zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovaniy okoloushnoy slyunnoy zhelezy
Authors: Choynzonov E L , Musabaeva L I , Avdeenko M V , Gribova O V
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of treatment in 77 patients with parotid malignancies. It considers the functionally sparing treatment preserving the facial nerve trunk and branches at surgery and the possibilities of neutron therapy in the combination and radiation treatment of this pathology. The findings suggest that functionally sparing operations may be made, without worsening the long-term results. There is evidence that incorporation of neutron therapy into the radiation component of the treatment deteriorates its long-term results.
Current approaches and prognostic factors during surgical treatment for primary and recurrent non-organic retroperitoneal tumors
Authors: Chissov V I , Vashakmadze L A , Butenko A V , Cheremisov V V , Khomyakov V M , Chissov V I , Vashakmadze L A , Butenko A A , Cheremisov V V , Khomyakov V M
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the current approaches to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary and recurrent non-organic retroperitoneal tumors and analyzes treatment policy errors leading to pilot and inadequate surgical interventions for this abnormality. Major factors for the prediction of the course of the disease and risk factors for its recurrences are found. The role of cytoreductive and repeat surgeries for persistent recurrences is estimated.
Effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists on the testosterone levels and quality of life in patients with locally advanced and generalized prostate cancer
Authors: Sokov D G , Rusakov I G , Sokov D G , Rysakov I G
Published: December 2023

Prostate cancer (PC) was 5% of all revealed male malignancies in the Russian Federation in 2009. Among 23845 detected patients with PC, 53.4% had its Stage III or IV.
This paper gives the results of a follow-up of patients with locally advanced and generalized PC treated by different hormonal therapy regimens. The purpose of the study was to search for the optimal hormonal therapy regimen, by maintaining the quality of life, whose criteria were potency level, libido, and normal physical activity.
The follow-up data may lead to the conclusion that the 6-month use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists causes an irreversible reduction in potency and libido and a considerable decrease in testosterone levels. Sustained-release LHRH agonists decrease testosterone levels (below 20 ng/dl), are an easy-to-use and simple dosage form, and may be recommended for outpatient administration.
Opyt posledovatel'noy khimioluchevoy terapii bol'nykh mestno-rasprostranennym rakom glotki
Authors: Maslennikova A V , Lazareva V A , Gerasimova A V
Published: December 2023

The authors give their experience with sequential chemoradiotherapy in 72 patients with locally advanced cancer of the throat. Fifty-four patients completed treatment according to the plan. The minimum period of a follow-up was 18 months; its median was 42 months. Overall one- and three-year survival rates were 87.9 and 49.2%, respectively. In a group of patients with more than 50% tumor regression after a course of polychemotherapy (PCT), these were 96.5 and 66.8%, respectively. Among the patients, in whom neoplasms responded to induction chemotherapy weakly, one- and three-year survival rates were 72.7 and 22.7%, respectively. The group differences were statistically significant (p = 0.02). Sequential chemoradiotherapy in the proposed regimen could yield satisfactory survival rates in the presence of moderate toxicity of treatment. The effect of one course of PCT allows judgment about the prognosis of the disease with a high degree of accuracy.
The diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal lipomas and liposarcomas
Authors: Kharchenko V P , Chkhikvadze V D , Sdvizhkov A M , Chazova N L , Abdullaeva A A , Vinikovetskaya A V , Gvarishvili A A , Kharchenko V P , Chkhikvadze V D , Sdvizhkov A M , Chazova N L , Abdullayeva A A , Vinikovetskaya A V , Gvarishvili A A
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the results of treatment in 29 patients with retroperitoneal lipomas (n = 5) and liposarcomas (n = 24). Among the patients with retroperitoneal lipomas, there were 3 patients with primary tumors and 2 with recurrent ones. There were 16 patients with primary liposarcomas and 8 with recurrent ones. Surgical treatment was performed in 26 patients. The survival rates after surgical treatment in patients with retroperitoneal lipomas varied from 3.5 to 17 years. Of them, 4 patients were reoperated on for tumor recurrences. After surgical treatment, recurrent liposarcomas were noted in 12 patients, 10 of them underwent radical surgery. The survival rates after surgical treatment in patients with retroperitoneal liposarcomas varied from 8 months to 12 years.
Tsitogeneticheskie izmeneniya v limfotsitakh perifericheskoy krovi v otsenke effektivnosti lecheniya bol'nykh s osteogennoy sarkomoy
Authors: Polatova D Sh , Gafur-Akhunov M A , Gil'dieva M S
Published: December 2023

The baseline cytogenetic examination of patients with osteogenic sarcoma (OS) revealed specific and nonspecific chromosomal aberrations that involved the count of hypo-, hyperaneuploid, and polyploid cells with small double chromosomes, unstable chromosomal anomalies. The efficiency of treatment of patients with OS was comparatively evaluated in relation to the type of therapy and the baseline level of chromosomal anomalies. The therapeutic effect may be predicted from the total count of cells with chromosomal aberrations.
Breast cancer in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra
Authors: Zakharova N A , Zakharova N A
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of breast cancer was studied in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 2002 to 2008 inclusive on the basis of the records of the cancer registry of the District Clinical Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk. The study demonstrated that breast cancer headed the list in the total structure of malignant causes of death in 2007 and ranked third in the structure of causes of death. The rate of morbidity increases was greater than that in Russia as a whole. The highest percentage of breast cancer was notified in the age group 40-59 years.
Surgical treatment in patients with pelvic ring tumors
Authors: Teplyakov V V , Chissov V I , Frank G A , Osipova N A , Karpenko V Yu , Bulanov A A , Edeleva N V , Derzhavin V A , Bukharov A V , Sobchenko L A , Epifanova S V , Belous T A , Teplyakov V V , Chissov V I , Frank G A , Osipova N A , Karpenko V Yu , Bulanov A A , Edeleva N V , Derzhavin V A , Bukharov A V , Sobchenko L A , Epifanova S V , Belous T A
Published: December 2023

The results of treatment were analyzed in 34 patients with pelvic bone tumors. Extensive surgical treatment was performed as interiliac-abdominal exarticulation or amputation in 9 (26%) patients; pelvic bone-preserving surgery was made in 25 (74%) patients. Resections of the anterior or posterior pelvic semiring were carried out in 7 (28%) and 18 (72%) patients, respectively.
Disease progression was diagnosed in 10 (29%) patients; 6 patients died at 6 to 16 months; 28 (82%) were alive with no signs of progression of the underlying disease at 4 to 46 months. Overall, the functional outcome of surgical treatment was rated as excellent in 17 (50%) patients, good in 8 (24%), and satisfactory in 4 (12%). Nine (26%) patients had a poor anatomic and functional status. Postoperative complications were diagnosed in 9 (26%) patients.
Morphological signs of colorectal cancer metastases to the liver
Authors: Manikhas G M , Ershov V A , Ryllo A G , Osipov V A , Manikhas G M , Ershov V A , Ryllo A G , Osipov V A
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the results of a morphological study of liver metastases from colorectal cancer for their treatment. The sizes, quantity, and localization of nodules cannot be used as diagnostically significant criteria for colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver. The combination of the degree of differentiation and histological structure of the secondary tumor parenchyma with the prevailing number of papillary cell units in the cytological specimens may serve as a diagnostically significant morphological sign of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. High-prismatic and cylindric tumor cells preserving their secretory activity can serve as cytological criteria for colorectal cancer metastases to the liver. Colorectal cancer liver metastatic cells preserved cytokeratin 20 expression inherent in primary cancer cells in 90.9% of cases and carcinoembryonic antigen expression in 54.5%.
Otsenka obshchetoksicheskikh svoystv preparata geksasens v eksperimente
Authors: Pankratov A A , Venediktova Yu B , Andreeva T A , Yakubovskaya R I , Raykhlin N T
Published: December 2023

The systemic toxic and local irritant effects of the new drug Hexasens used for the fluorescence diagnosis of malignancies were studied on small laboratory animals: mice, rats, and rabbits. The acute and chronic toxicities of the agent were investigated when orally used and its local irritant effect was examined when intravesicularly injected. The conducted studies indicated that Hexasens was a lowly toxic pharmacological agent. Its oral administration in rats at a 5% concentration or less produced no local irritant effect on the esophagus (esophagospasm). Intravesicular injection of Hexasens in rabbits at a 0.01% concentration (containing 1.0 mg of the agent in 10 ml of an injectable solution) or less exerted no local irritant effect on the urinary bladder mucosa.
A rare localization of hematogenic metastases of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Trakhtenberg A Kh , Frank G A , Sokolov V V , Butenko A V , Kolbanov K I , Pikin O V , Rudakov R V , Trakhtenberg A Kh , Frank G A , Sokolov V V , Butenko A V , Kolbanov K I , Pikin O V , Rudakov R V
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a rare localization of non-small cell lung cancer with solitary metastasis to the large intestine wall. The authors recommend active surgical policy for solitary metastases since it prolongs life for patients.
Neoad\"yuvantnaya khimioterapiya pri lechenii zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovaniy pryamoy kishki
Authors: Dvornichenko V V , Shevchuk A V , Shelekhov A V , Ponomarenko D M , Snetkov E V
Published: December 2023

The authors propose a rectal cancer treatment program that includes preoperative chemotherapy in 14 men and 6 women.. Nonadjuvant chemotherapy was performed in combination with radiotherapy in the preoperative specialized treatment stage. Stage 1 treatment comprised classical fractionation gamma-teletherapy once used on the first day of RIFL chemotherapy was made. Surgery was performed 3 or 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy. Pathomorphological study of intraoperative specimens showed grades I-II and III-IV pathomorphism in 4 and 16 patients, respectively. The efficiency of the treatment permits a combination of preoperative chemotherapy and classical fractionation radiotherapy use in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
A diagnostic algorithm for cancer of the pancreatic head
Authors: Gaboyan A S , Klimov A E , Ivanov V A , Fedorov A G , Malyuga V Yu , Davydova S V , Cherepanova O N , Barkhudarov A A , Dzhalilov F Sh , Gaboyan A S , Klimov A E , Ivanov V A , Fedorov A G , Malyuga V Yu , Davydova S V , Cherepanova O N , Barkhudarov A A , Dzhalilov F Sh
Published: December 2023

The paper gives the results of comprehensive examination in 57 patients with space-occupying lesions of the pancreas, which have been used to propose a diagnostic algorithm that allows malignancies of the pancreatic head to be verified with a high probability.
Long relapse-free interval in a patient with kidney cancer metastazing to the brain after surgical removal with intraoperative photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kurzhupov M I , Zaytsev A M , Filonenko E V , Kurzhupov M I , Zaitsev A M , Filonenko E V
Published: December 2023

At present, median survival is about 1 month in untreated patients with intracerebral metastases; 2 months when corticosteroids are added, 3-6 months after whole-brain irradiation (WBI), and 12-16 months if surgery or radiosurgery is used in combination with WBI. The described case demonstrates the efficiency of combined treatment for intracerebral metastases, which comprises surgical removal of metastasis with intraoperative photodynamic therapy for the removed tumor bed. The patient had no recurrent intracerebral metastasis within 23 months after surgery.
Zabolevaemost' zlokachestvennymi gliomami golovnogo mozga v Volgogradskoy oblasti
Authors: Bel'skiy K K , Gurov D Yu , Kolesnikov A E
Published: December 2023

The paper presents data on the incidence of malignant brain gliomas (MBG) at the populational level in the Volgograd Region in 2001-2006. The quantitative and qualitative parameters of morbidity are analyzed by gender and age in detail. The higher incidence of MBG in the Volgograd Region is due to its rise in the able-bodied male contingents and in the female population in the age group older than the able-bodied age. Further study of the organization of specialized care to patients to MBG is possible only when information available in the population-based cancer registers of the subjects of the Russian Federation as a constituent of the State Cancer register is collected and analyzed.