bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Instructional Leadership Role of Superintendents in Instructionally Effective School Districts
Authors: Bjork Lars G.
Published: November 2024

Throughout the past four decades (1983-2024), the rise of a global economy and the changing nature of American society underscored the importance of educating all children. Successive waves of education reform in the United States of America (USA) launched a wide array of initiatives focused on improving student learning. These state and federal policy initiatives were accompanied by an historic shift in role expectations of school district superintendents. An examination of trend data reported in three successive nation-wide reports released by the American Association of School Administrators (AASA) for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 (Glass, Björk & Brunner, 2000; Kowalski, et al., 2011; Tienken, 2021) suggest that role expectations for district superintendents moved from away from an emphasis on management to a focus on  instructional leadership. In addition, findings on superintendent instructional leadership practices in Instructionally Effective School Districts (IESD) reported by Bjork (1993, 2010, 2024) and Bjork & Browne-Ferrigno (2014) note that they effectively used their managerial position to support district-wide instructional improvement. They found that superintendents serving in IESD school districts used enacted their management responsibilities in areas that would indirectly influence the quality of learning and teaching including: (1) Staff selection and recruitment; (2) Principal supervision and evaluation; (3) Establishing clear instructional and curricular goals; (4) Monitoring learning and curricular improvement activities and, (5) Financial planning for instruction. These findings suggest that IESD superintendents’ use their management prerogatives to enact their instructional leadership role and reframe school district leadership for deeper learning in next generation schools.
How Artificial Intelligence Helps Students to Learn English in Depth
Authors: Seyedi Akam , Yeganeh Mohammad Ali Alaei , Noorzad Diar , Firouzi Shahrooz , Qurbani Mahsa , Shakeri Erfan , Osati Kiana
Published: November 2024

This research examines the applications and advancements of artificial intelligence (AI), a computer-based simulation of human intelligence meant to act like humans. AI is one of the driving forces behind the 4.0 industrial revolution, making teaching and learning more accessible in schools. This study aims to understand the function of AI in ELT and examine AI technologies in ELT. This is a library research project. The findings indicate that AI provides a positive learning environment for learning English. Depending on the learner's current level of English, career needs, or hobbies, it has much potential to create a customized environment where students can simultaneously use their senses to learn English. AI boosts practical abilities like writing and offers a trustworthy simulation dialogue platform like spoken English. It maximizes the teaching impact of English in ELT while increasing students' practice ability. With the advancement of technology and platforms, learning English has gotten simpler. Artificial intelligence technology provides the chance to enhance English linguistic competence.[1]
Aesthetic and Interpretive Approaches in French Music for Saxophone. Robert Planel – Prelude et Saltarella
Authors: Constantin Bogdan , Albu Doru
Published: November 2024

Although he knows the saxophone thanks to the leadership of the orchestra, P. Boulez won't write for sax players because the instrument evokes too much variety and jazz, and at the Conservatory he will not be close to the sax players of the "marginal" class (to use his words) of Professor M. Mule. However, the Paris Conservatoire is an undeniable cradle of composition in terms of works including the saxophone. The number of composers who liked this instrument, students in the classes of Nadia Boulanger, mainly, but also of Olivier Messiaen, Darius Milhaud, Paul Dukas and Andre Jolivet, is impressive, so it is clear how important their influence is and the number of works dedicated to saxophone.
Factors Influencing Satisfaction for Continuance Intention to Use E-Learning Systems in Higher Education: Delphi Technique
Authors: Alshammari Maha Farhan , Yusoff Rasimah Che Mohd , Rusli Hazlifah Mohd , Abas Hafiza
Published: November 2024

E-learning has been widely adopted by universities globally, transforming teaching and learning practices in higher education. While much research has focused on adopting and accepting e-learning, less attention has been paid to students' satisfaction and their continuance intention (CI) to keep using these systems. A literature review reveals low student satisfaction and the intention to continue using e-learning platforms. Despite the extensive studies on continuance intention in e-learning, there is no clear consensus on the factors influencing student satisfaction with continuance intention. This indicates a knowledge gap regarding individual and system aspects contributing to e-learning satisfaction. This study seeks to identify key satisfaction factors affecting continuance intention using a two-round Delphi technique involving ten experts and to develop an initial model of these factors for higher education institutions. This model is expected to help institutions better understand the critical factors driving continuance intention, enabling more informed decisions in evaluating and implementing e-learning projects.
Exploring the Influence Factors of Digital Entrepreneurship in Improving the Digitization of Small and Medium Enterprises in Yemen
Authors: AL-Ghaili Mohammed , Mahomed Anuar Shah Bali , Yusof Raja Nerina Raja
Published: November 2024

This research provides valuable insights into the impact of digital entrepreneurship on the digitalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Yemen. By integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the research examines the role of various factors-technological, organizational, environmental, and individual, affecting technology adoption and utilization in SMEs. The study primarily explores the direct and indirect influences of these factors on actual system use, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in shaping attitudes toward technology adoption. Data were collected through a survey of 392 respondents, and the results were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model was validated for reliability and accuracy, followed by an evaluation of the structural model to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings highlight the critical role of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption in enhancing both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Additionally, the knowledge of IT entrepreneurs and government support were found to uniquely influence perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, respectively. Both of these perceptions, in turn, positively impacted attitudes toward and the actual use of digital tools within SMEs. To address the challenges faced by Yemeni SMEs, it is recommended to enhance digitalization through ICT adoption and promote a pro-technology culture. Policymakers should create a supportive environment via targeted policies, subsidies, and public-private partnerships to foster sustainable growth and competitiveness.
Driving Digital Transformation: The Impact of SME Digitalization on Technology Acceptance and Usage in Small and Medium Enterprises of Yemen
Authors: AL-Ghaili Mohammed , Shah Bali Mahomed Anuar , Yusof Raja Nerina Raja
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the relationships between digitalization, perceived usefulness, attitudes toward using technology, and actual system use of technologies within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Yemen. Using a two-step structural equation modelling approach, the research investigates both direct and mediating effects. Data were gathered from 392 SMEs in Yemen by employing a survey research design. The measurement model was estimated to evaluate the constructs' accuracy, while the structural model was analyzed to investigate the proposed relationships. Findings reveal that SME digitalization significantly enhances perceived usefulness, which positively influences users' attitudes toward technology adoption and subsequently drives actual system use. Specifically, the analysis shows that improvements in digitalization practices lead to heightened perceptions of usefulness and favorable attitudes, ultimately resulting in increased actual system use. Moreover, the results indicate that perceived usefulness and attitudes serve as significant mediators between digitalization and system use. This research contributes to understanding how enhancing perceived usefulness and fostering positive attitudes can facilitate technology adoption in SMEs, providing important implications for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers focused on digital transformation. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of strategic digitalization efforts to improve operational efficiency and promote successful technology acceptance in small and medium enterprises.
Political Parties and Electoral Volatility: How (un)stable is the Albanian Electorate?
Authors: Reli Alban , Xhaferaj Anjeza
Published: November 2024

This paper offers an in-depth analysis of electoral volatility in Albania from 1991 to 2021, a transformative period from a communist regime to a democratic multi-party system. It diverges from Central and Eastern European trends by examining Albania's unique political dynamics and the factors influencing electoral behavior and volatility. Utilizing the Pedersen Index, the study methodically evaluates various determinants impacting party electoral volatility in Albania. The research underscores the significance of high membership rates and robust ground organization within major political parties as key contributors to low volatility levels in Albania's party system, thus providing insight into the intricacies and idiosyncrasies of Albania's political landscape.
School District Superintendents as Transformational Leaders
Authors: Bjork Lars G.
Published: November 2024

The educational reform movement in the United States (1983-2024) presented school district superintendents with a wide array of challenges and opportunities. Initially, state and federal policymakers’ called for draconian school and district level accountability and endorsed he notion of top-down management. However, the reality of implementing district-wide, systemic changes focused on improving student learning outcomes influenced a shift in superintendents’ role from manager to teacher-scholar. During the last decade, researchers examined the role of superintendents in Instructionally Effective School Districts (IESD) and reported that they used their managerial prerogatives to initiate and sustain district-wide instructional improvement (Bjork, 2024). Research findings suggest that their involvement hiring and supervising teachers, evaluating principals, clearly articulating instructional and curricular goals, monitoring instructional improvement and, engaging in long-term financial planning for instruction indirectly influence the quality of learning and teaching. Findings from this longitudinal case study extend our understanding of how superintendents’ enact their role as teacher-scholar help to explain their success. Key elements of Transformational Leadership including idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and, individual consideration provided considerable insight into how they enacted their role. In addition, findings suggest that over time followers at different levels of the school district’s organization (teachers, principals and central office staffs) adopted Transformational Leadership dispositions and practices suggesting that it may be viewed as being both multidimensional and multi-directional. These findings may expand our understanding of how superintendents’ transformational leadership may influence the development of professional cultures and enhance student learning.
The Physiological Repercussions of Thermo-Oxidized Sesame Oil
Authors: Pratap Ravi , Yasir Mohammad , Dubey Ramesh Chandra , Shukla Alok Kumar
Published: November 2024

Cooking oil is an important source of essential nutrients for human health. Prolonged heating of vegetable oil can lead to the emergence of health conditions. This study examined the physicochemical characteristics of sesame seed oil after heating at 180°C for 4 or 8 hours. We assessed the acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, refractive index, and saponification value; conducted gas chromatography; and performed preclinical testing on Wistar rats. The acid value, specific gravity, refractive index, p-anisidine value, saponification value, peroxide value, and iodine value in the present investigation have been calculated to fall within the following range: 0.42–2.11 milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) per gram (mg KOH/g oil), 0.92–0.8912, 1.473–1.4746, 0.67–15.32 p-Anisidine Value (AnV), 188–197.25 milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) per gram of fat or oil (mg KOH/g oil), 3.56–12.56 milliequivalents (meq) of active oxygen per kilogram of oil (meq/kg), and 108–81 grams of iodine per 100 grams of oil (gm/100g oil). Gas chromatography detected alterations in the quantities of mono-unsaturated fatty acids and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, as well as the production of trans fats, which have negative effects on health. Animal studies indicated changes in lipid profiles, liver profiles, and amounts of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) in tissue homogenates. The findings indicate that consuming thermo-oxidized oil can have detrimental effects. These findings highlight the need for a thorough comprehension of thermo-oxidized oil utilisation to adequately tackle public health issues.
Renal Effects of Graphite Oxide Sheets in Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus): A Preliminary Study
Authors: Muhammad Ambar N. , Ijaz Ayesha , Khalid Adeel , Rafique Khuram , Tabassum Rabia , Zahra Aqeela , Danish Muhammad , Tariq Hina , Herdiansyah Mochammad A. , Ansori Arif N. M.
Published: November 2024

Although diamond-like carbon-coated joint replacements are widely recommended for full bone replacements in humans, their clinical application is substantially limited by contamination with wear particles, specifically graphite nanoparticles, which are cytotoxic. This study was aimed at assessing the adverse effects of graphite oxide (GO) sheets on the blood and renal tissues of adult male albino rats. A total of 25 albino rats were procured from the Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, and acclimated for 7 days in well-ventilated enclosures, after approval from the ethical committee at the University of Sialkot. The rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: a control group receiving no treatment, a vehicle control group receiving normal saline, and three treatment groups (G1, G2, and G3, administered GO nanosheets at doses of 5, 6, or 7 mg/kg body weight, respectively). Treatments were delivered through intraperitoneal injection on alternating days over 28 days. Animal mortality, hematological parameters, and kidney histology were assessed. The control and vehicle control groups showed normal findings, whereas the groups exposed to GO exhibited highly significant pathological changes in renal function tests (p<0.05). Histological alterations were more severe in the moderate- and high-dose treatment groups than the low-dose group, which displayed typical histological features. The treatment groups exhibited various histological changes, including vacuolation, renal fibrosis, inflammation, and tubular damage, which were significantly more pronounced in the G2 and G3 groups than the G1 group. Thus, exposure to GO sheets resulted in detrimental effects on renal tissues in albino rats. The findings suggested that the investigated doses of GO have detrimental effects on the health of living organisms.
Health benefits of liquid smoke from various biomass sources: a systematic review
Authors: Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Baroutian Saeid , Puspitasari Widyah , Zubaidah Ummi , Cecilia Pamela Handy , Mansur Dieni , Iskandar Benni , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ernawati Diah Savitri
Published: November 2024

Liquid smoke, a product of the pyrolysis process, includes components such as phenol, furfural, and ketones, and has acidic characteristics. Liquid smoke from various biomass sources has been used as a natural preservative worldwide and reported to be safe in humans. As a bio-economic product, liquid smoke has human health benefits. This review analyzes and describes the health benefits of liquid smoke from various biomass sources, according to in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify published reports of liquid smoke from various biomass sources. The anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, wound healing, and anti-periodontitis activity of liquid smoke was analyzed. Prior research has investigated liquid smoke produced through pyrolysis of various biomass types, such as rice husks (Oryza sativa), coconut shells (Cocos nucifera L.), palm kernels (
Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), cocoa pods (
Theobroma cacao L
.), tian op, and hickory (
Carya tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt
.), as well as commercial liquid smoke. Toxicity testing, and in vitro and in vivo studies, are required for the assessment of health benefits. Therapeutic benefits of liquid smoke including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity have been described. Further health benefits include anti-diabetic, anti-periodontitis, wound healing, and ulcer healing activity. These findings increase the use value of liquid smoke as a natural product with human health benefits.
ОДНОВРЕМЕННОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ ГЕТЕРОДИН-ИНТЕРФЕРОМЕТРА И ЛАЗЕРНОГО ДАЛЬНОМЕРА ДЛЯ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ ПАРАМЕТРОВ УДАРНО-ИНДУЦИРОВАННОГО ПЫЛЕВОГО ПОТОКА
Authors: Д.А. КАЛАШНИКОВ , С.В. ЕРУНОВ , С.А. ФИНЮШИН , А.В. ФЁДОРОВ , Е.А. ЧУДАКОВ , Е.А. РАЗУМКОВ , Л.В. ЧЕРНОВ
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрена схема регистрации перемещений отражающих поверхностей методом лазерного дальномера с использованием разработанного устройства измерения задержки распространения оптического сигнала. Приведены результаты тестовых экспериментов по исследованию параметров пыления и откольного разрушения металлов при их ударно-волновом нагружении с одновременным использованием методов гетеродин-интерферометра и лазерного дальномера.

A scheme of registration of displacements of reflecting surfaces by the method of laser ranging with the use of a device developed for measuring the delay of optical signal propagation is considered. Results of test experiments aimed at studying the dusting parameters and spallation fracture of metals under shock wave loading with simultaneous applications of photonic Doppler velocimetry and laser ranging methods are reported.
МНОГОФАЗНОЕ ШИРОКОДИАПАЗОННОЕ УРАВНЕНИЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ МЕДИ
Authors: В.М. ЕЛЬКИН , В.Н. МИХАЙЛОВ , А.А. ОВЕЧКИН
Published: November 2024

Представлено полуэмпирическое многофазное уравнение состояния (УРС) меди для двух твердых ГЦК-, ОЦК-фаз и жидкой фазы с учетом испарения. Для параметризации УРС использован широкий набор экспериментальных и теоретических данных. В области плазменных состояний вещества проведены расчеты по модели среднего атома RESEOS, которые также использованы при разработке УРС. Построены кривые фазового перехода ГЦК — ОЦК, плавления и перехода жидкость — пар. В целом расчеты по УРС хорошо согласуются с экспериментальными данными и результатами теоретических расчетов в широкой области температур и давлений.

This paper presents a semi-empirical multiphase equation of state (EOS) of copper for two solid FCC and BCC phases, as well as a liquid phase with account for vaporization is presented. A wide range of experimental and theoretical data is used to parameterize the EOS. In the field of plasma states of matter, calculations are performed using the RESEOS average atom model and are also applied to develop the EOS. Curves are plotted for FCC-BCC phase transition, for melting, and for liquid-vapor transition. In general, the EOS-based calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data and the results of theoretical calculations in a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ГРАНУЛИРОВАННОГО ВЫСОКОПОРИСТОГО КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫЕ ЧАСТИЦЫ ПЕРЕХОДНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ, В ВОЛНЕ БЕСПЛАМЕННОГО ГОРЕНИЯ ГЕКСОГЕНА
Authors: Ю.М. МИХАЙЛОВ , В.С. СМИРНОВ , Л.В. ЖЕМЧУГОВА , В.В. АЛЁШИН , А.В. БАКЕШКО
Published: November 2024

Показано, что волна беспламенного очагового горения балластированного гексогена способна устойчиво распространяться в гранулированной исходной смеси. Обнаружено, что при определенных условиях беспламенное горение гранулированных смесей, содержащих гексоген, может протекать в колебательном или фонтанирующем режиме. На основе процесса беспламенного горения гексогена разработан метод одностадийного получения высокопористых гранул, содержащих наноразмерные частицы кобальта или железа. Полученный гранулированный композиционный материал проявляет сопоставимую каталитическую активность в синтезе углеводородов методом Фишера — Тропша, отличаясь от существующих аналогов отсутствием пирофорных свойств.

It is shown that the wave of flameless spotty combustion of ballasted RDX can propagate in a stable manner in a granulated initial mixture. Under certain conditions, flameless combustion of RDX-containing granulated mixtures can proceed in a vibrational or gushing mode. Based on the process of flameless RDX combustion, a method of single-stage synthesis of high-porosity granules containing nano-sized cobalt or iron particles is developed. The synthesized granulated composite material reveals a comparable catalytic activity in hydrocarbon synthesis by the Fischer–Tropsch method. This material differs from the existing analogs by the absence of pyrophoric properties.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТНОГО СОСТАВА ВЗРЫВЧАТЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НА ВЫХОД ДЕТОНАЦИОННЫХ НАНОАЛМАЗОВ
Authors: В.Ю. ДОЛМАТОВ , А.Н. ОЗЕРИН , Е.Д. ЭЙДЕЛЬМАН , А.С. КОЗЛОВ
Published: November 2024

Описан простой способ прогнозной оценки выхода детонационных наноалмазов, учитывающий массовое содержание элементов в углеродсодержащем взрывчатом веществе общей формулы CaHbNcOd. Установлена эмпирическая зависимость содержания детонационных наноалмазов в полупродукте синтеза наноалмазов — алмазной шихте в зависимости от содержания углерода в молекулах взрывчатых веществ. Приведены зависимости выхода детонационных наноалмазов от содержания химических элементов в исходной системе, позволяющие давать количественные прогнозные оценки выхода детонационных наноалмазов.

A simple method of predictive estimation of the yield of detonation nanodiamonds is described, which takes into account the mass fractions of elements in the carbon-containing explosive with a general formula CaHbNcOd. An empirical dependence of the content of detonation nanodiamonds in the semi-product of nanodiamond synthesis (diamond charge mixture) on the fraction of carbon in molecules of explosives is derived. The yield of detonation nanodiamonds is presented as a function of the fractions of chemical elements in the initial system, which makes it possible to give quantitative predictions of the yield of detonation nanodiamonds.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МОДЕЛИ ИСТОЧНИКА УДАРНО-ИНДУЦИРОВАННОГО ПЫЛЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛОВ, ОСНОВАННОЙ НА ФИЗИКЕ НЕУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ РИХТМАЙЕРА — МЕШКОВА, ДЛЯ РАСЧЕТА СПЕКТРА РАЗМЕРОВ ЧАСТИЦ ОЛОВА И СВИНЦА
Authors: А.Б. ГЕОРГИЕВСКАЯ
Published: November 2024

Модель источника ударно-волнового пыления, основанная на физике неустойчивости Рихтмайера — Мешкова и развитая для расчета выброшенной массы частиц металла и ее распределения по скоростям в потоке, применена для расчета распределения частиц по размерам. Модель разработана для металлов, переходящих в жидкое состояние после ударно-волнового воздействия. Показано, что для прогнозирования спектра размеров частиц при пылении жидкой среды необходимо знать не только ее плотность и поверхностное натяжение, но и начальную амплитуду и длину волны возмущений, а также профиль ударной волны. Согласно развитой теории размер частиц в потоке в большей мере определяется длиной волны возмущений, чем начальной амплитудой. Проведено сравнение с экспериментальными данными по размерам частиц, выброшенных из узких полос с начальными возмущениями на свободной поверхности образцов из олова и свинца.

The model of a source of shock-induced ejection based on the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability physics and developed for calculating the ejected mass of metal particles and its velocity distribution in the flow is applied to calculate the particle size distribution. The model is developed form metals transforming to a liquid state after the shock wave impact. It is shown that one has to know not only the density and surface tension of the liquid medium, but also the initial amplitude and wavelength of disturbances, as well as the shock wave profile for predicting the particle size spectrum in the case of liquid medium ejection. According to the theory developed, the particle size in the flow is largely determined by the disturbance wavelength than by the initial amplitude. The results are compared with experimental data on the size of nanoparticles ejected from narrow bands with initial disturbances on the free surface on tin and lead samples.
ПРИЧИНЫ ПРЕКРАЩЕНИЯ ПРОНИКАНИЯ КУМУЛЯТИВНОЙ СТРУИ
Authors: М.А. ВЛАСОВА , О.В. СВИРСКИЙ
Published: November 2024

Согласно гидродинамической теории Лаврентьева глубина проникания кумулятивной струи определяется ее полной длиной. Однако, как показывает опыт практического применения кумулятивных зарядов, прекращение проникания обычно наступает раньше, чем струя израсходуется полностью. Для достоверного описания экспериментальных результатов вводятся параметры «эффективная длина» или «эффективная (критическая) скорость» кумулятивной струи, суть которых состоит в исключении из рассмотрения замыкающего участка струи, по различным причинам не участвующего в проникании. Значения эффективной скорости вводятся в расчетные методики как постоянные для конкретной пары материалов струи и преграды или в виде эмпирической зависимости от фокусного расстояния. Рассмотрена возможность разделения струи на эффективный и неработоспособный участки по физически обоснованным причинам без необходимости построения эмпирических зависимостей.

According to Lavrentiev's hydrodynamic theory, the penetration depth of a shaped-charge jet is determined by its total length. However, experience of practical application of shaped charges has shown that the penetration usually ceases before the jet is completely used up. For a reliable description of experimental results, the effective length and the effective (critical) velocity of the shaped-charge jet are introduced to exclude from consideration the closing section of the jet, which various reasons is not involved in penetration. Effective velocity values are introduced into calculation methods as constants for a specific pair of jet and target materials or in the form of an empirical dependence on the focal length. The possibility of separating the jet into effective and ineffective sections based on physically justified reasons without the need to construct empirical dependences is considered.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТОПОЛОГИИ СЕТЧАТЫХ СТРУКТУР НА ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА СПЛАВА AL—CU—MG—SI, ПОЛУЧЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЕЙ 3D-ПЕЧАТИ
Authors: А.И. КЛЕНОВ , А.Н. ПЕТРОВА , И.Г. БРОДОВА , В.В. АСТАФЬЕВ , Е.Б. СМИРНОВ , А.Ю. ГАРМАШЕВ
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены динамические свойства объемно-структурированных образцов с разной топологией сетчатых структур из алюминиевого сплава АК6, синтезированных селективным лазерным сплавлением. Испытания проведены при квазистатических скоростях деформации 102 ÷ 103 с‒1 методом Кольского с использованием разрезного стержня Гопкинсона. Построены диаграммы деформирования, и определены значения условного предела текучести и предела прочности. Проведено сравнение результатов измерения свойств образцов с разной топологией сетчатых структур — кубические типа ГЦК и ОЦК и трижды периодических поверхностей минимальной энергии типа гироид. Исследовано влияние геометрических характеристик гироидов (размер ячейки, толщина стенки) на прочностные свойства образцов. Показано, что при одной и той же плотности материала гироиды обладают повышенными характеристиками. Сетчатые металлические материалы, полученные аддитивной технологией, могут быть использованы в технике для уменьшения массы конструкций и ослабления разрушающих высокоэнергетических механических воздействий.

Dynamic properties of volume-structured samples with different topology of mesh structures made of AK6 aluminum and synthesized by selective laser melting are considered. Tests are carried out at quasistatic strain rates of 102 ÷ 103 с‒1 by the Kolsky method using a split Hopkinson bar. Strain diagrams are constructed, and the values of the conditional yield strength and tensile strength are determined. The results of measuring the properties of samples with different topology of mesh structures of FCC and BCC types and triply periodic surfaces of minimum energy of the gyroid type. The effect of the geometric characteristics of gyroids (cell size and wall thickness) on the strength properties of the samples is described. It is shown that gyroids have improved characteristics at the same material density. Mesh metal materials obtained by additive technology can be used in engineering to reduce structural mass and destructive high-energy mechanical effects.
Transmission of information using meteor radio channels
Authors: Holovan Olena , Kharchenko Viktor
Published: November 2024

The original studies presented in the monograph are based on a systematic analysis of published works in the field of meteor physics. Prognostic models and algorithms for estimating the characteristics of radio signals during bistatic scattering on an ionized meteor trail during its formation and development as well as the concept and technology for constructing a promising meteor radio communication system are proposed. The book may be useful to different categories of readers: scientists and designers involved in meteor radio communications, geophysicists studying the ionosphere in the meteor zone, astronomers searching for new relationships between meteoroids and their parent bodies, graduate students, university professors, and students.
Development of Mosque Architecture in Islamic Civilization and Its Context in Indonesia
Authors: Winarti Rinni , Al-Obaidi Khaleel
Published: November 2024

The mosque is a place to worship Allah SWT. Mosques have an important meaning for Muslims because they have a long history and are inseparable from the development of Muslim civilization. As a religious building, the mosque is a representation of the Muslim community that gave birth to and prospered it. Mosques evolve and develop dynamically along with the growth and development of culture in society, presenting two sides of the coin. On the one hand, this dynamic encourages the growth and adaptation of mosques to social and cultural changes. But on the other hand, it presents a problem in understanding the history of the mosque as a whole. The evolution of the mosque also opens up opportunities for deeper exploration of the mosque in order to understand history. By analyzing the development of mosques from various aspects, such as architecture, culture and social roles, we can gain a deeper understanding of the changes and development of mosques in various historical periods in the world and in Indonesia.
Implementation of Religious Moderation in Tolerance Village in Bandung City
Authors: Pauzian Muhamad Hilmi , Kuswana Dadang , Hernawan Wawan
Published: November 2024

This research aims to understand and analyze the understanding of religious moderation and the manifestation of religious moderation in the Village of Tolerance, Kebon Jeruk sub-district, Andir District, Bandung City, Indonesia. This research uses Alfred Schutz's religious phenomenology approach regarding the construction of meaning, then analyzed using indicators of religious moderation, namely tolerance, non-violence and radicalism, national commitment and accommodating to local culture. The method used in this research is grounded research, a type of qualitative research with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The data sources used in this research are primary and secondary. Primary sources were obtained from interviews with village officials, community leaders, religious leaders, and the people of Kampung Toleransi. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained through books, journals and websites. The results of this research can be concluded that in the Village of Tolerance, there is a manifestation of religious moderation. Religious moderation is understood as an attitude or view that respects each other amidst existing differences. Having different views or beliefs is not a problem for the people of Kampung Toleransi, but with the differences that exist, each religious community always gives each other space to express their religion in a respectful, safe, comfortable and peaceful manner without any intimidation from other religious communities. The attitude of religious moderation in Tolerance Village can be seen from the people who have and always prioritize an attitude of tolerance, wasatiyah or balanced, fair, musawah or equal, and deliberation. Its manifestation is realized in the form of strengthening tolerance, national commitment, anti-violence and radicalism, respect for local culture, the role of religious figures and government policies.
Muqaran Tafsir Method: Its History, Basis and Implications
Authors: Wahid Wahyu Muhammad Abdul , Kamils Noor Muhamad Rizki
Published: November 2024

Tafsir, examined in terms of its methods, is divided into two categories: general and specific methods. In general, discussions on the interpretation of the Qur'an can be conducted through four methods: Ijmali (global), tahlili (analytical), muqaran (comparative), and maudu'i (thematic). One of these four methods is the muqaran method, which means comparative or comparative analysis. The discussion of muqaran explains the comparison between one interpretation and another, whether related to Quranic verses with other Quranic verses, verses with hadiths, and the opinions of commentators. The purpose of this research is to present various opinions related to the muqaran method, its emergence, foundation, and urgency, as well as its steps and the strengths and weaknesses of muqaran interpretation. This research is qualitative and employs library research by referring to previous studies. The findings indicate that muqaran interpretation has been practiced since the time of Prophet Muhammad until the present day. Muqaran interpretation is also crucial for appreciating its inherent advantages.
The Status and Role of Women in Sikh Religious Doctrine
Authors: Hermawan Ucep , Huriani Yeni , Hannah Neng
Published: November 2024

This study explores the status and role of women within Sikh doctrine, aiming to contribute to and enrich academic discussions on the intersection of religious doctrine and gender studies. Using a qualitative approach that focuses on religion and gender, the research employs a library-based methodology, analyzing various sources and relevant prior studies. The findings demonstrate that women in Sikhism are granted equal status to men, rooted in the doctrine that emphasizes an intimate relationship between humans and the divine, where gender holds no significance in the connection to God. Moreover, the study delves into human relationships as shaped by behaviors, attitudes, and societal norms during the Sikh Gurus' era, illustrating the ideal dynamics between men and women. Despite Sikh teachings of equality, women in the Sikh community still face challenges in accessing leadership roles, as cultural and historical narratives often prioritize male dominance. The contributions of Sikh women have been historically marginalized, leaving subsequent generations with limited role models. This research offers both theoretical insights into Sikhism and gender and practical implications for encouraging the Sikh community, particularly men, to uphold Guru Nanak’s vision of gender equality.
The Orientation of Turjuman Al-Mustafid Tafsir as the Root of the Interpretation Tradition in the Nusantara
Authors: Mahaly Muhammad Jalaludin Al
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the orientation of Turjuman al-Mustafid's interpretation as the root of interpretation in the Nusantara. The research method used is library research. Data is collected through observation and documentation and then analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results of this study show that the orientation of Tafsir Turjuman al-Mustafid's interpretation is in (1) Local Cultural Adaptation, especially in the use of Malay and Jawi letters. (2) Simple Language, with its clear and easy-to-digest language style, makes this interpretation accessible to various levels of society. (3) Emphasis on the Spiritual and Sufistic Dimensions, by teaching Sufism values such as patience, sincerity, and tawakal. (4) Integration with Islamic Classical Teachings, while remaining rooted in Islamic classical teachings, by referring to the Qur'an, hadith, and classical interpretations as the main interpretation sources. (5) Driving the Formation of Nusantara Islamic Identity, by combining local elements and Islamic teachings, this interpretation helps to strengthen the sense of ownership and pride in the distinctive Islamic identity of the Nusantara. (6) Da'wah and Education, which are used as a tool to spread Islamic teachings and deepen religious understanding among the Malay community. (7) Contextualization of the teachings of the Qur'an, as an effort to help bridge the gap between the text of the Qur'an and the context of daily life. This study implies that Tafsir Turjuman al-Mustafid is not just a work of interpretation, but also a symbol of the integration of Islam with local culture as well as efforts to strengthen and maintain Islamic identity in the Nusantara.
Desapariciones
Authors: Vicente Ovalle Camilo
Published: November 2024

La desaparición forzada de personas es una técnica de violencia de Estado que fue implementada en un contexto contrainsurgente entre las décadas de 1960 y 1980 en América Latina, y en ese mismo proceso, se configuró el concepto que permite explicarla como fenómeno y juzgarla como delito. La desaparición forzada continúa hasta nuestros días como práctica de represión política; pero también articulada con otros procesos, como las economías criminales, con consecuencias política y humanamente devastadoras. Estas transformaciones suponen un impacto en la configuración del concepto de desaparición forzada, y su necesaria revisión. Este artículo reflexiona sobre algunas de las propuestas de revisión del concepto que se han hecho, en particular desde la sociología; se presentan algunas críticas desde la historiografía, particularmente señalando los riesgos, tanto epistemológicos como políticos y éticos, que la revisión conceptual de la desaparición forzada implica, y sobre los que hay que asumir una responsabilidad.
‘Journeys in the Dark’ - Towards Game Master AI in Complex Board Games
Authors: Best Toby , Lucas Simon , Gaina Raluca
Published: November 2024

The Game Master is a player role synonymous with many tabletop games. The asymmetric gameplay of the role provides different opportunities compared to other players, and can be both cooperative and competitive with the other players in the same game. Though complex environments for exploring human and Artificial Intelligence collaboration exist, few focus on the Game Master role's semi-cooperative play.
Here, we propose a new complex environment based on the board game `Descent: Journeys in the Dark (Second Edition)', as part of the Tabletop Games Framework, showcasing one-versus-many play, tactical combat, and large, dynamic action and state spaces.
We include baseline AI player performance of Monte Carlo Tree Search agents in this game, finding them to be well-adept at considering multiple possible end-game conditions compared to the greedy One Step Look Ahead agents.
In-depth analysis reveals interesting behaviours and Hero synergies, with the aim of informing the design of games and AI models to enhance human experience in semi-cooperative environments.
A Model for Automating the Abstraction of Planning Problems in a Narrative Context
Authors: Fisher Mira , Ware Stephen
Published: November 2024

Contemporary automated planning research emphasizes the use of domain knowledge abstractions like heuristics to improve search efficiency. Transformative automated abstraction techniques which decompose or otherwise reformulate the problem have a limited presence, owing to poor performance in key metrics like plan length and time efficiency. In this paper, we argue for a reexamination of these transformative techniques in the context of narrative planning, where classical metrics are less appropriate. We propose a model for automating abstraction by decomposing a planning problem into subproblems which serve as abstract features of the problem. We demonstrate the application of this approach on a low-level problem and discuss key features of the resulting abstract problem. Plans in the abstract problem are shorter, representing summaries of low-level plans, but can be directly translated into low-level plans for the original problem.
Label-Free Subjective Player Experience Modelling via Let's Play Videos
Authors: Goel Dave , Mahmoudi-Nejad Athar , Guzdial Matthew
Published: November 2024

Player Experience Modelling (PEM) is the study of AI techniques applied to modelling a player's experience within a video game.
PEM development can be labour-intensive, requiring expert hand-authoring or specialized data collection.
In this work, we propose a novel PEM development approach, approximating player experience from gameplay video.
We evaluate this approach predicting affect in the game Angry Birds via a human subject study.
We validate that our PEM can strongly correlate with self-reported and sensor measures of affect, demonstrating the potential of this approach.
Fast, Declarative, Character Simulation Using Bottom-Up Logic Programming
Authors: Horswill Ian , Hill Samuel
Published: November 2024

Logic programming and rule-based systems are often chosen for tasks such as social simulation because their use of declarative rules and predicates map well to rules of social engagement. Unfortunately, they are often quite slow, due in part to its heavy use of pointer chasing, dynamic allocation, garbage collection, and runtime type-checking, making it difficult to use for large numbers of characters or high-frequency updates.

For appropriate tasks, bottom-up execution of logic programs can provide the declarativity of logic programming without its performance issues. We argue that large-scale character simulations are a “sweet spot” for bottom-up LP. We present a language, TED, that combines declarativity with excellent performance. TED can be used with any game engine supporting C#. In head-to-head comparisons TED code was 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than Prolog, 2-5 times more compact than C#, and only 25% slower than C#. It is used in both the research game Voix de la Ville and the upcoming commercial game Rise of Industry 2.
Evaluating the Efficacy of LLMs to Emulate Realistic Human Personalities
Authors: Klinkert Lawrence J. , Buongiorno Steph , Clark Corey
Published: November 2024

To enhance immersion and engagement in video games, the design of Affective Non-Player Characters (NPCs) is a key focus for researchers and practitioners. Affective Computing frameworks improve Non-player characters (NPC) by providing personalities, emotions, and social relations. Large Language Models (LLMs) bring the promise to dynamically enhance character design when coupled with these frameworks, but further research is needed to validate the models truly represent human qualities. In this research, a comprehensive analysis investigates the capabilities of LLMs to generate content that aligns with human personality, using the Big Five and human responses from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) questionnaire. Our goal is to benchmark the performance of various LLMs, including frontier models and local models, against an extensive dataset comprising over 50,000 human surveys of self-reported personality tests to determine whether LLMs can replicate human-like decision-making with personality-driven prompts. A range of personality profiles were used to cluster the test results from the human survey dataset. Our methodology involved prompting LLMs with self-evaluated test items for each personality profile, comparing their outputs to human baseline responses, and evaluating the accuracy and consistency. Our findings show that some local models had 0% alignment of any personality profiles when compared to the human dataset, while the frontier models, in some cases, had 100% alignment. The results indicate that NPCs can successfully emulate human-like personality traits using LLMs, as demonstrated by benchmarking the LLM's output against human data. This foundational work serves as a methodology for game developers and researchers to test and evaluate LLMs, ensuring they accurately represent the desired human personalities and can be expanded for further validation.
Making New Connections: LLMs as Puzzle Generators for the New York Times' Connections Word Game
Authors: Merino Tim , Earle Sam , Sudhakaran Ryan , Sudhakaran Shyam , Togelius Julian
Published: November 2024

The Connections puzzle is a word association game published daily by The New York Times (NYT). In this game, players are asked to find groups of four words that are connected by a common theme. While solving a given Connections puzzle requires both semantic knowledge and abstract reasoning, generating novel puzzles additionally requires a form of metacognition: generators must be able to accurately model the downstream reasoning of potential solvers. In this paper, we investigate the ability of the GPT family of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate challenging and creative word games for human players. We start with an analysis of the word game Connections and the unique challenges it poses as a Procedural Content Generation (PCG) domain. We then propose a method for generating Connections puzzles using LLMs by adapting a Tree of Thoughts (ToT) prompting approach. We evaluate this method by conducting a user study, asking human players to compare AI- against human-generated Connections puzzles. Our findings show that LLMs are capable puzzle creators, and can generate diverse sets of enjoyable, challenging, and creative Connections puzzles as judged by human users.
Procedurally Puzzling: On Algorithmic Difficulty and Player Experience in QD-Generated Logic Grid Puzzles
Authors: Shyne Fiona , Facey Kaylah , Cooper Seth
Published: November 2024

Determining if and how the difficulty of algorithmic puzzle solvers is related to the difficulty and enjoyment for human players is a challenging task. In this work, we explored this relationship using logic grid puzzles. We used an algorithmic solver to estimate the difficulty of the puzzles by capturing the number of ``solver loops'' through the algorithm. This characteristic was used to generate and evaluate a set of puzzles of varying algorithmic difficulty using constrained MAP-Elites. Then, we ran a user study to gather information on the player experience of these puzzles. We tested the relationship between solver loops and player experience on generated puzzles and found that the number of solver loops is statistically significantly correlated with subjective perception of difficulty and borderline statistically significantly correlated with puzzle correctness.