bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible implications and clinical value of commercially sponsored evaluations: discussion on research methodology
Authors: Chapman-Jones David , Lusher Joanne
Published: August 2019

This paper is written in response to a publication in the Journal of Wound Care in 2018 by Guest et al., ‘Cost-effectiveness of an electroceutical device in treating non-healing venous leg ulcers: results of an RCT’. The publication and subsequent analysis of the paper provides a vehicle for a wider debate about the care of people with wounds, including who manages the wound, how resources are allocated and the use of supplemental technologies. It also raises a further important issue regarding whether the outcomes from a single randomised controlled trial (RCT) provides a more reliable level of evidence than the findings of previous investigations involving observational trials.

This article analyses the results from the cited study, comparing clinical outcomes from previous published studies, and evaluates whether a conclusion may be reached as to the most appropriate and reliable method to assess the efficacy of such medical devices used in wound care. It discusses why the assessment of clinical evidence can be a problem when there is variance of outcomes in studies which use different research methodologies.

The hierarchy of evidence lies at the heart of the appraisal process; and within health-care it is common that smaller commercial companies present small-scale observational trials as evidence for the efficacy of the product they are promoting. We question whether this level of data promoted as evidence for clinical efficacy should be dismissed. Guest et al. reported that, in the UK within wound care, clinical practice is inconsistent with significant regional variations; therefore, unless clinical practice guidelines are strictly enforced in a study, which then may be unrepresentative of clinical practice, does it mean that any results produced could not be transferred to the clinical environment? We discuss the conundrum.
Rapid debridement with monofilament fibre debridement technology: clinical outcomes and practitioner satisfaction
Authors: Roes Claas , Calladine Leanne , Morris Clare
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To determine the clinical effect and consequential levels of health professionals and patient satisfaction with the results of debridement episodes of wounds with visible slough and/or scaly skin using monofilament fibre debridement technology.

Methods:

This was a non-comparative, open label evaluation conducted in static/non-healing acute and chronic wounds with visible slough and/or scaly skin that required debridement. Monofilament fibre debridement technology was applied in 1–2 sequential treatment episodes during normal clinical practice which followed local practice, guidelines or formularies. Following the clinical phase of the evaluation, health professionals were invited to complete an online survey of the clinical outcomes and their satisfaction with them.

Results:

Survey questions were answered by 1129 health professionals. Wounds managed using the monofilament fibre debridement technology during this evaluation included leg ulcers (63%), pressure ulcers (10%), dehisced surgical wounds (3%), diabetic foot ulcers (8%) and other wounds (13%). ‘Other’ wound types included acute dirty wounds, burns, cellulitis, psoriasis, diabetic amputation wounds, dry flaky skin, moisture wounds, trauma, varicose eczema. Of the wounds, 12% were reported as non-static. There was visible change in the wound and/or skin after first use of the monofilament fibre debridement technology in a high proportion of all wound types, and a further increase in the proportion of wounds with visible change after the second use. The visible difference was significant for both static and non-static wounds. User and patient satisfaction with all clinical outcomes were high, whether or not the user and patient had previous experience of monofilament fibre debridement technology.

Conclusion:

Monofilament fibre debridement technology provides rapid, visible and effective debridement of slough and scaly skin after one application and further visible improvement after two applications in static and non-static wounds. Health professionals and patients report high levels of satisfaction with outcomes following application of the monofilament fibre debridement technology.
Collagen regeneration template in the management of full-thickness wounds: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Alet Jean-Maxime , Michot Audrey , Desnouveaux Emilie , Fleury Marion , Téot Luc , Fluieraru Sergiu , Casoli Vincent
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the tolerance and healing rate of a collagen regeneration template in covering full-thickness wounds, including rate of adverse events.

Method:

In this prospective, multicentre study, patients with a full-thickness wound underwent two-stage surgery consisting of implantation of a collagen regeneration template followed by a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). Patients were followed-up for 12 months. Adverse events arising from either the implantation or STSG were evaluated.

Results:

Of the 33 patients included in the study, 29 completed the full follow-up period. During the study, 13 adverse events occurred at the treated wound site, as reported by 11 patients during follow-up. These included local infection (n=5), a diffuse infection (n=1) and non-infectious seroma under the silicon layer (n=1). The mean percentage of take of the collagen template at 21±7 days after implantation was 81.2% of the treated surface. The mean percentage of take of STSG at 28 days after grafting was 84.4% of grafted surface. STSG was successful in 28 patients, but was completely rejected at 12 months for one patient. Mean functional score at 12 months, as evaluated by the treating surgeons, was 76.8/100 and mean aesthetic score was 62.7/100.

Conclusion:

This study found use of a collagen regeneration template to be a safe procedure for the coverage of full thickness-wounds.
Regulatory approval process for advanced dressings in India: an overview of rules
Authors: Yadav Vibhu , Mittal Amit , Bansal Parikshit , Singh Sachin Kumar
Published: August 2019

Objective:

There is a high rate of death due to burns and wound infections in India. Innovators and manufacturers of wound and burn dressings need to keep themselves abreast of the most current rules governing medical devices. The concept of advanced dressings is emerging in India. However, local manufacturing is hindered by an absence of clear regulatory guidelines. The lack of advanced wound and burn dressings on the market critically affects patient survival rates, while imports from other countries make dressings unaffordable and beyond the reach of most patients. This article presents the details of an approval procedure for advanced dressings and provides manufacturers, innovators and investors with a better understanding of the classification rules, import, export and marketing approval processes. We also discus the reasons for high levels of imports and costs, as well as suggestions on how to address this.

Method:

A critical analysis was conducted of 54 research and review articles, including regulatory guidelines to control the marketing of wound and burn care dressings recommended by international regulatory agencies.

Conclusion:

India is highly dependent on imports of advanced dressings. Due to lack of clear, quality regulatory guidelines, innovators and manufacturers are facing issues while showcasing their product in the Indian market. Thus development of clear quality regulatory guidelines is crucial. Therefore, this article may guide and encourage manufacturers to develop advanced dressings in India
Referral of patients with diabetic foot ulcers in four European countries: patient follow-up after first GP visit
Authors: Sánchez-Ríos Juan Pedro , García-Klepzig JL , Manu Chris , Ahluwalia Raju , Lüdemann Claas , Meloni Marco , Lacopi Elisabetta , De Buruaga Víctor Rodriguez-Saenz , Bouillet Benjamin , Vouillarmet Julien , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis , Van Acker Kristien
Published: August 2019

Objective:

This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of patients, including demographics, medical history and treatment, with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) during their first follow-up visit to a general practitioner (GP).

Methods:

A two-part quantitative online questionnaire was distributed among GPs in France, UK, Germany and Spain. Part one entailed a survey of GPs' perceptions of referrals for DFU. Part two collected data on recently managed DFU cases. The percentage of responses was compared for each question and across the four countries for significant differences.

Results:

In part one of the study, 600 questionnaires were collected (150 per country) and 1188 patients managed for a DFU were included in the second part. About 88% of patients had type 2 diabetes, with a significant proportion of suboptimal control (average HbA1c: 10.64mmol/l). A patient complaint led to diagnosis in 60% of the cases. Wounds were found to be more frequently located in the toes and midfoot, and were superficial (according to the Texas Wound Classification system) in 80% of the cases. More than two-thirds of patients developed small wounds (<5cm2); more than half of them had infected wounds. Approximately 50% of wounds were ischaemic, which triggered the onset of a DFU. Follow-up wound examinations before and after hospitalisation were performed by nurses, except in Germany where GPs undertook this role, including prescribing offloading devices and in the UK where follow-up was managed by podiatrists. Ischaemia, wound necrosis, suspected osteomyelitis and absence of wound healing were the primary reasons for hospital admission during the first month after diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Delay in specialised foot care is a recurring topic in the treatment of DFUs, even with different health-care structures across Europe. Knowledge and education on DFUs should be reinforced among GPs and nurses to establish a global DFU care network between primary and specialised care, avoid hospitalisation and adequately manage high-risk patients.
Seroprevalence and distribution of serogroup-specific pathogenic Leptospira antibodies in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Alamuri Anusha , Thirumalesh Sushma R. A. , Kumari S. Sowjanya , Kumar K. Vinod , Roy Parimal , Balamurugan V.
Published: August 2019

Aim: In this study, the prevalence and the distribution status of Leptospira serogroup-specific antibodies among cattle and buffaloes in enzootic districts of Andhra Pradesh, a South Indian state was carried out. Materials and Methods: A total of 426 serum samples were randomly sampled from various villages from Prakasam, Kurnool, Guntur, Chittoor, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, and Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh between 2016 and 2017. Serum samples from cattle (n=106) and buffaloes (n=320) having a history of pyrexia, and reproductive problems such as agalactia, infertility, abortions, and stillbirth. The serum samples were screened for Leptospira-specific antibodies by microscopic agglutination test using a reference panel of 18 live cultures of pathogenic Leptospira serovars. Results: The overall seropositivity of 68.08% (290/426) was observed with 70.8% (75/106) in cattle and 67.18% (215/320) in buffaloes. The frequency distribution of predominant serogroup-specific Leptospira antibodies in the sampled areas was determined against the employed serovars as follows: Icterohaemorrhagiae - 21.38%, Hebdomadis - 18.97%, Australis - 18.62%, Pomona - 17.24%, Sejroe - 15.86%, Tarassovi - 15.86%, Autumnalis - 15.52%, Panama - 14.83%, Shermani - 12.07%, Javanica - 11.38%, Hurstbridge - 11.03%, and Pyrogenes - 10.69%. Conclusion: It was evident that bovines had a role in maintaining several predominant Leptospira serovars with the change in the trend over a period. The results from this study would also help in strategizing and mitigating the disease burden in cattle and buffaloes of the enzootic area. Keywords: buffaloes, cattle, distribution of serovars, leptospirosis, microscopic agglutination test, seroprevalence.
Low Incidence of Advanced Neoplasia in Serrated Polyposis Syndrome After (Sub)total Colectomy: Results of a 5-Year International Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bleijenberg A.G.C. , IJspeert J.E.G. , Carballal S. , Pellise M. , Jung G. , van Herwaarden Y.J. , Bisseling T.M. , Nagtegaal I.D. , van Leerdam M.E. , Spaander M.C.W. , van Lelyveld N. , Bessa X. , Rodríguez-Alcalde D. , Bastiaansen B.A.J. , de Klaver W. , Bemelman W.A. , Bujanda L. , Koornstra J.J. , Rivero L. , Rodríguez-Moranta F. , Balaguer F. , Dekker E.
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is accompanied by a substantially increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. To prevent or treat CRC in patients with a very high polyp burden, (sub)total colectomy with ileorectal or ileosigmoidal anastomosis is regularly performed. The CRC risk after (sub)total colectomy might be decreased, but evidence is lacking. We aimed to assess the yield of endoscopic surveillance in patients with SPS who underwent (sub)total colectomy.

METHODS:

For this post hoc analysis, we used prospectively collected data from a large international prospective cohort study. We included patients diagnosed with SPS (World Health Organization type I and/or III) who underwent (sub)total colectomy. Primary endpoint was the cumulative 5-year incidence of CRC and advanced neoplasia (AN).

RESULTS:

Forty-eight patients (mean age 61 [±7.8]; 52% men) were included and followed up for a median of 4.7 years (interquartile range 4.7–5.1). None of the patients developed CRC during follow-up. Five patients developed AN, corresponding to a cumulative 5-year AN incidence of 13% (95% confidence interval 1.2–23). In 4 patients, AN was diagnosed at the first surveillance endoscopy after study inclusion, and in 1 patient, AN was detected during subsequent rounds of surveillance. The risk of AN was similar for patients with ileorectal and ileosigmoidal anastomosis (logrank P = 0.83).

DISCUSSION:

(Sub)total colectomy mitigates much of the excess risk of CRC in patients with SPS. Advanced neoplasms are mainly detected at the first endoscopy after (sub)total colectomy. Based on these results, after the first surveillance, intervals might be extended beyond the currently recommended 1–2 years.
Listen and Participate: The Work of the Hörspielmacher Paul Plamper
Authors: Pinto Vito
Published: August 2019

In his paper, Vito Pinto focuses on questions concerning different ways of listening in the theoretical framework of media and radio theory. This is the base for the analyses of three radio plays realised by Paul Plamper. Pinto concentrates on the different types of voices performing in these plays, as most voices and sounds were recorded on location resp. in realistic settings, particularly emerging from (theatrical) improvisation. He discusses specific ways of how spatiality and soundscapes are created and perceived in these plays and he shows how these works thus go far beyond traditional modes of radiophonic experience.
Kann Inklusion unter den Strukturen des segregativen Schulsystems in Österreich gelingen?
Authors: Feyerer Ewald
Published: August 2019

Ewald Feyerer setzt sich in seinem Beitrag damit auseinander, ob und wie Inklusion innerhalb des noch immer selektiv orientierten Schulsystems in Österreich (exemplarisch für alle deutschsprachigen Länder) gelingen kann. Dazu legt er verschiedene Kriterien an. Gemessen am Segregations- bzw. Exklusionsquotienten könnte man zumindest in einigen Bundesländern von erfolgreicher Inklusion sprechen. Feyerer macht aber klar, dass dieser Quotient zwar Aussagen zur De-Segregation ermöglicht, erfolgreiche Inklusion aber mehr benötigt. Denn der gemeinsame Schulort ist zwar eine notwendige, aber noch keine hinreichende Voraussetzung für gelingende Inklusion. Dazu bedarf es auch der sozialen und der unterrichtlichen Integration, also eines gemeinsamen Unterrichts auf der Basis von Individualisierung und Differenzierung. In weiterer Folge legt Feyerer dar, warum Team Teaching, jahrgangsübergreifender Unterricht, offenes Lernen, entdeckendes Lernen strukturell verankert werden müssten, obwohl diese für gelingende Inklusion so wesentlichen Elemente laut Hattie-Studie für den Lernerfolg nicht bzw. nur wenig erfolgreich einzuschätzen sind. Zum Abschluss erfolgt eine Einschätzung der Auswirkungen des letzten Regierungsprogrammes.
Ankommen reloaded
Authors: Proyer Michelle , Kremsner Gertraud , Pellech Camilla , Doblmair Michael
Published: August 2019

Proyer, Kremsner, Pellech und Doblmair widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag dem Forschungsfeld »Flucht und Bildung« mit dem Schwerpunkt auf sogenannten »forced-migrant«-Lehrkräften. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts »Qualifizierung von Lehrkräften mit Fluchthintergrund« an der Universität Wien wurden mit einem partizipativen Forschungsansatz die Ausbildungshintergründe von ebenjenen Personen, die bisweilen den Wiedereinstieg am österreichischen Schul-Arbeitsmarkt versucht haben, beforscht. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen wurde der Zertifikatskurs »Bildungswissenschaftliche Grundlagen für Lehrkräfte mit Fluchthintergrund« implementiert, der an das reguläre Lehramtstudium inhaltlich anschlussfähig ist. Hiermit soll »forced-migrant«-Lehrkräften die Anstellung in ihrem Fach unter Sondervertrag an österreichischen Schulen ermöglicht werden. Nach der inhaltlichen Vorstellung des Weiterbildungsangebots gibt der Artikel auch Einblick in ähnliche Programme in Europa. Des Weiteren erfolgt sowohl die Reflexion des Grades der Partizipation im Lauf der Projektphase als auch ein kritischer Blick auf die Aufnahmekriterien für die Weiterbildungsmaßnahme, der den Diskurs von Anerkennung und Exklusion öffnet.
Herstellung und Bearbeitung von Differenzen im Unterricht
Authors: Reisenbauer Simon
Published: August 2019

Der Beitrag behandelt den Zusammenhang zwischen der Herstellung von Heterogenität im Kontext von pädagogischem Handeln und der Umsetzung und Gestaltung eines inklusiven Unterrichts. Aus theoretischen Überlegungen lässt sich ableiten, dass pädagogischen Praktiken im Unterricht immer auch Praktiken der Differenz eingeschrieben sind. Um diesen Zusammenhang aus internationaler Perspektive zu bearbeiten, wird empirisches Material aus Unterrichtsbeobachtungen, Reflexionen und Interviews mit zwei Lehrpersonen aus Addis Abeba (Äthiopien) und Bangkok (Thailand) dargestellt. Es lässt sich dabei zeigen, dass die Herstellung und Bearbeitung von Differenzen zwischen Schüler/innen im Unterricht ein zentrales Element in der Gestaltung von Lehr-Lern-Interaktionen darstellt. Sie sind bereits in der Planung des Unterrichts implizit oder explizit angelegt. Um negative Folgen von Differenzzuschreibungen zu vermeiden, müssen Lehrpersonen darin gestärkt werden, Differenzkonstruktionen in ihrem pädagogischen Handeln zu reflektieren.
Eine Minderheit am Rande des Bildungssystems
Authors: Jalsovec Martina
Published: August 2019

Die Bildung ist der Schlüssel für die Integration der marginalisierten Mitglieder der Roma-Minderheit in die moderne europäische Gesellschaft, wie anhand der Länder Kroatien und Österreich gezeigt werden kann. Europäische Kommission und Roma Education Fund förderten viele maßgeschneiderte Projekte für die Integration der marginalisierten Gruppen in das reguläre Bildungssystem, um die gleichen Bildungschancen zu ermöglichen. Die Ziele waren die Überwindung der Sprachbarrieren, die Verbesserung der Bildungsstruktur in der Roma-Population und die Stärkung der interkulturellen Kompetenz aller Beteiligten in dem Bildungsprozess (gezeigt am Good-Practice-Beispiel der Grundchule Podturen in Kroatien).
The Game of Urban Regeneration
Authors: Weber-Newth Francesca
Published: August 2019

Who wins and who loses in urban regeneration? What are the mechanisms at play? Francesca Weber-Newth looks at two neighbourhoods that are adjacent to large-scale regeneration schemes: the 2012 Olympic park in London and the Mediaspree waterside development in Berlin. By analysing how urban regeneration is experienced on the ground, her study counters the notion that Olympic-led regeneration is any different from other forms of neoliberal urban development. Adopting Pierre Bourdieu's view of the social world as made up of competitive ›games‹, an analysis of the two neighbourhoods reveals how the concepts of ›culture‹ and ›community‹ are strategically employed in the ›game‹ of urban regeneration - to the benefit of some and the detriment of others.
The Role of Online Media Content in Skateboard Culture
Authors: Bock Katharina
Published: August 2019

Katharina Bock explores the role of online media content for skateboarding culture and examines how these digital media formats (e-zines, video portals, websites, skate videos and tutorials) affect the scene. She concludes that online media (co-)created by the scene document the scene, whilst contributing to the production of knowledge and meaning.
Die Begradigung der Taillenkontur in der Männermode
Authors: Burde Julia
Published: August 2019

Die männliche Taille ist ein in der Forschung bisher ausgesparter Bereich, von welchem jedoch für die Entwicklung der Männermode wesentliche Impulse ausgingen. Im Zentrum von Julia Burdes Buch steht der sich mit der Mode wandelnde männliche Modekörper als Diskurs der Schneiderei im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Burde zeigt, wie sich die Männermode von einem erst sichelförmig durchgebogenen, dann schmal taillierten Körper - modelliert aus Watte und Stoff - zu einem modernen Körper in gerade geschnittener Kleidung entwickelte, von dessen Anatomie sich das Schnittmuster losgelöst hat. Anhand zeitgenössischer Quellen wird dabei deutlich, wie Herrenschneider Körper im Zuschnitt konstruierten und Mode durch gezieltes Lancieren von Modeberichten beeinflussten.
Theatrale Kommunikation in interkulturellen Schreibweisen
Authors: Schickhaus Tobias Akira
Published: August 2019

Taking into account that intercultural literary analysis takes place in and through the co-presence of narrators and readers and arises out of their encounter, this paper traces various ways in which the application of theater and drama analysis can be applied to translations on literary genres. Under this approach, the essay collection »Fremdenzimmer« by José F.A. Oliver, published in 2015, will be presented and discussed.
Pendidikan Dasar Inklusif di Kabupaten Pati: Harapan dan Kenyataan
Authors: Sulthon Sulthon
Published: August 2019

This study examines the implementation of inclusive elementary education in Pati district. Data collection was carried out through interviews and observations of eight students with disabilities who attended inclusive elementary schools in Pati Regency, 6 teachers, and 3 school principals. Data analysis was performed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of inclusive basic education in Pati Regency is not under idealized conditions because in its implementation the school still limits students with disabilities who are accepted. Schools only accept those who have non-physical disabilities (intellectual disability, slow learning, and sensory disabilities). School considerations are: 1) easy in learning services; 2) worry if parents of non-disabled students refuse and move their children to another school; 3) there are obstacles in learning services because they do not have special support teachers and the lack of inclusive learning facilities and infrastructure.[Makalah ini meneliti pelaksanaan pendidikan dasar inklusif di kabupaten Pati. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap delapan siswa difabel yang bersekolah di SD inklusif di Kabupaten Pati, 6 guru, dan 3 kepala sekolah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pendidikan dasar inklusif di Kabupaten Pati belum sesuai dengan kondisi yang diidealkan karena dalam pelaksanaannya sekolah masih membatasi siswa difabel yang diterima. Sekolah hanya menerima mereka yang mengalami disabilitas non-fisik saja (disabilitas intelektual, lambat belajar, dan disabilitas sensorik). Pertimbangan sekolah adalah: 1) mudah dalam layanan pembelajaran; 2) merasa khawatir jika orang tua siswa non-difabel menolak dan memindahkan anaknya ke sekolah lain; 3) adanya kendala dalam layanan pembelajaran karena tidak memiliki guru pembimbing khusus, dan kurangnya sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran inklusif.]
Preliminary Analysis of Middle Holocene Lake-Level Change of Ancestral Lake Michigan, Wentworth Woods, Cook County, Illinois
Authors: Thompson Todd Alan , Argyilan Erin , Loope Henry , Johnston John , Lepper Kenneth
Published: August 2019

Study of past lake-level change and isostasy in the upper Great Lakes has demonstrated the need to reconstruct relative lake-level history at each outlet during the Nipissing phase of ancestral Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. Although elevation and age data exist for the Port Huron/Sarnia and Sault outlets of Lake Huron and Lake Superior, respectively, no paleohydrograph has been created for southern Lake Michigan near the Chicago outlet. The Wentworth Woods area of the Cook County Forest Preserve, Illinois, contains more than 30 beach ridges that formed during the rise and fall from the peak elevation of the Nipissing phase. These relict shorelines were vibracored to recover basal foreshore sediments that can be used as a proxy for lake-level elevation at the time of individual shoreline formation. In addition, sand samples from soil pits and vibracores were collected for optically stimulated luminescence age determinations. This report addresses the sedimentological data used to determine the elevation of the conjoined upper Great Lakes (Lake Nipissing) when each beach ridge formed. The age data will be presented in future reports.
Imagination and Collaboration
Authors: Cheshire James , Uberti Oliver
Published: August 2019

Receiving the Corlis Benefideo Award for Imaginative Cartography was a tremendous honor not least because it came with an opportunity to address the NACIS community. As two independent mapmakers, we are grateful to have been spotted amidst this great sea of talent. What follows is an adaptation of our acceptance speech from the 2018 NACIS Annual Meeting in Norfolk, Virginia. Our original talk can be viewed here: youtu.be/3hrcziwEyPo.
Seaweed resources of Brazil: what has changed in 20 years?
Authors: Simioni Carmen , Hayashi Leila , Oliveira Mariana C.
Published: August 2019

In 1998 Critchley and Ohno published the book Seaweed resources of the world presenting a synthesis of knowledge on the subject from different regions and countries globally. One chapter by E.C. Oliveira was focused on Brazil. In this article, we present an update of the economically relevant species of Brazilian seaweeds, and their distribution along the coastline, and what has changed over 20 years in the status of the exploited resources, the new species with commercial potential, and relevant legislation. The only introduced commercial species, Kappaphycus alvarezii, was economically exploited for a while in Rio de Janeiro State, but nowadays there are no commercial activities on a large scale. Gracilaria farms in the northeast are still on an artisanal scale, but the expansion of activity is compromised by legal and bureaucratic barriers. Regulations related to the exploitation of natural beds and to the introduction of new strains of K. alvarezii were created between 2006 and 2008. At the end of this article, we present a reflection of what lessons have been learned and what are the prospects for seaweed cultivation in Brazil.
The experience of introducing 8–10 y.o. children into chemistry
Authors: Zhilin Denis M.
Published: August 2019

The experience of introducing 8–10 y.o. children is described and reflected in connections with modern education theories and approaches. The cognitive, psychomotor and affective outcomes were evaluated by (a) observation of the children in the laboratory and (b) individual interviews. Eight to ten y.o. children can be introduced into chemistry by quite complicated hands-on activity. The experiments should be quite bright, a little risky and employ different equipment. Such skills as dissolution, heating, weighting, grinding, filtering, boiling can be developed, at first – one at a time and then – in combinations. The initial instructions should be given in the way “do as I do”. Theoretical discussions should be restricted. In this age children do not ask questions “why” that makes inquiry-based learning impossible. Thus the main developmental purpose for this age should be maintaining interest to chemistry, developing observational and procedural skills and accumulating experience that would serve as groundwork for further studying chemistry.
Reconstructing Chrysippus’ Cosmological Hypothesis. On Plut. Stoic. rep. 1054c–d
Authors: Alessandrelli Michele
Published: August 2019

Two literal quotations from Chrysippus’ On Possibles, preserved in Plutarch’s On the Contradictions of the Stoics, seem to contradict the Stoic thesis of the isotropy of the void. According to this thesis the void is an infinite undifferentiated expanse (a wide continuous area) whose center is marked by, and coincides with, the position of the world. Since there is nothing else outside the world, the cohesive force that pervades it is sufficient on its own to guarantee the quasi–indestructibility of the trans–cyclical διακόσμησις (i.e the fact that in the new cosmic cycle the διακόσμησις returns in a form identical to the one it had in the previous cosmic cycle) and the eternity of the οὐσία. Conversely, in these two quotations Chrysippus maintains that there is a central διαφορά equipped with causal force. This seems to imply the anisotropy of the void. Chrysippus’s view here is also at odds with another official Stoic thesis, i.e. that the incorporeal is causally inert. In this paper it will be argued that there is in fact no contradiction, because, in those two quotations, Chrysippus consciously develops a cosmological hypothesis in order to resolve a difficulty concerning the role of fire during the universal conflagration. Chrysippus’ solution to this difficulty belongs to modal logic and consists in distinguishing between the actual universe and the possible ones.
Proposal of the Inventory Management Automatic Identification System in the Manufacturing Enterprise Applying the Multi-criteria Analysis Methods
Authors: Stopka Ondrej , Stopková Mária , Ľupták Vladimír
Published: August 2019

The effect of logistics has increased steadily in recent years. In regard to the concept of logistics, it is not only referred to as transportation of goods from place A to place B, as many people believe. Logistics covers a wide range of enterprise (supply chain) processes. It is a whole value-creation chain including not only material flows, but also energy, human resources and valuable information. The objective of this research study is to find issues and risks in the current state of supply, inventory management and warehousing process in the given enterprise. In the study, proposals to streamline the current state in terms of inventory management identification system in particular manufacturing enterprise, which is the primary purpose of the submitted paper, are outlined. The specific result is to develop the proposal to increase efficiency and reduce risk regarding the current situation of inventory management identification system applying suitable techniques of the multi-criteria analysis, in particular by the TOPSIS method and by the WSA method.
Analysis of workplace injuries in Slovakian state forestry enterprises
Authors: Gejdoš Miloš , Vlčková Mária
Published: August 2019

The aim of the paper is to identify the most common workplace accidents regarding injured body parts with respect to anthropometric data measurements of the population in the Slovak republic. Data from workplace accidents database over the years 2000-2017 were drawn from the records of the Slovak Forest state enterprise. The highest number of workplace accidents (31.7% of all recorded workplace accidents) occurred during the forest harvesting phase. Timber skidding with 15.9% of recorded accidents was the second highest risky phase. In four phases Timber harvesting, timber skidding,Works at conversion depot, Repairs and maintenance was 76% from all injuries in forestry state enterprises was occurred. Nonsignificant increase in the injury rate over the years 2000-2017 was determined in the analysis of the injury rate in the Slovak state forests. From the point of view of the longterm changing anthropometric parameters of the adult population, it is also necessary to take into account the ergonomic parameters and the technological procedures of the performed work and the working environment.
Tracing the (re-)emergence of /h/ and /j/ onsets through 350 years of books: Mergers and merger reversals at the interface of phonetics and phonology
Authors: Schlüter Julia
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the (re-)emergence of onset consonants in English loans from French, Latin and Greek, spelt with initial  (> /juː/; e.g.union,use), initial  (> /juː/; e.g.eulogy,euphemism), or initial  (e.g.habit,homogeneous). It analyses Google Books data, exploiting the occurrence of the article allomorpha(rather thanan) as a diagnostic of consonantal realisation. The analysis yields a fine-grained description of the (re-)emergence of consonantal onsets. It shows that their emergence has been a gradual process and has not reached completion yet. On a theoretical level, the paper discusses the interaction between categorical phonological processing and fine-grained phonetic distinctions in an exemplar-based framework. It also sheds light on the question of (near-)mergers and their potential reversibility.
Prevalence and correlates of being bullied among adolescents in Indonesia: results from the 2015 Global School-based Student Health Survey
Authors: Yusuf Ah , Habibie Aziz Nashiruddin , Efendi Ferry , Kurnia Iqlima Dwi , Kurniati Anna
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Violence against adolescents is prevalent in the world, yet this issue is neglected especially in developing countries. Bullying among adolescents negatively affects the victims in relation to emotional, physical, social and overall health status. This study was conducted to understand bullying and its associated factors in school-going adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods

This study was a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). As many as 9969 adolescents in schools were selected by probability proportional to size method and systematic sampling. Variables analyzed on this study were age, sex, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, close friends and feeling of loneliness. The research instrument used the GSHS 2015 questionnaire. Chi-square (χ2) analysis and multiple logistic regression tests were conducted to determine the significance of each variable.

Results

A total of 19.9% of adolescents in Indonesian schools were victims of being bullied. Being bullied was associated with ≤14 years old [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.45], being male (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.28–1.59), being a smoker (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.23–1.73), consuming alcohol (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.64–2.62), having no close friends (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 0.95–1.70) and feeling lonely (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 2.05–2.55).

Conclusion

Indonesian in-school adolescents report a relatively high prevalence of having been bullied. Being bullied is related to various factors depending on personal and environmental factors. School communities and health professionals’ attention to adolescents should be sensitized and this issue discussed, developing strategies and minimizing the negative effect on the adolescents. Policy makers need to consider developing a social platform among adolescents to facilitate students’ interaction.
Did Interest Rates at the Zero Lower Bound Affect Lending of Commercial Banks? Evidence for the Euro Area
Authors: Belke Ansgar , Dreger Christian
Published: August 2019

The paper examines the bank lending activities of banks in a low interest rate environment. External financing of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the euro area primarily takes place via bank loans and not through capital markets. Based on the Bankscope database, bank balance sheet data is utilized. Control variables are included, such as for the system of banking regulation. The panel estimation includes 706 banks from 15 Euro area member states and is conducted for the period 2000 to 2015. All models show a significant positive impact of lower interest rates on net lending. In particular, the results do not indicate that credit is restricted if interest rates move towards the zero-lower bound.
Educational Differences in Smoking: Selection Versus Causation
Authors: Jürges Hendrik , Meyer Sophie-Charlotte
Published: August 2019

We investigate sources of educational differences in smoking. Using a large German data set containing retrospective information on the age at smoking onset, we compare age-specific hazard rates of starting smoking between (future) low and high educated individuals. We find that up to 90 % of the educational differences in smoking develop before the age of 16, i. e. before compulsory schooling is completed. This education gap persists into adulthood. Further, we examine the role of health-related knowledge (proxied by working in health-related occupations) and find it hardly explains smoking decisions. Our findings suggest that (unobserved) factors determining both the selection into smoking and education are almost exclusively responsible for educational differences in smoking. Only small parts of the education gap seem to be caused by general or health-specific education. The effectiveness of education policy to combat smoking is thus likely limited.
Comparison of fetal cardiac functions between small-for-gestational age fetuses and late-onset growth-restricted fetuses
Authors: Kaya Başak , Tayyar Ahmet , Açar Deniz Kanber , Kaya Serdar
Published: August 2019

Background

This study aimed to investigate fetal cardiac functions by spectral tissue Doppler imaging (s-TDI) in pregnancies complicated with late-onset fetal growth restriction (LO-FGR) and small-for-gestational age (SGA).

Methods

Forty pregnancies complicated with late-onset FGR and 40 pregnancies complicated with SGA between the 34th and 37th weeks of gestation were enrolled in this study. Forty gestational age-matched pregnant women with no obstetrics complication were randomly selected as a control group. Small fetuses were classified as fetal growth restriction or SGA according to estimated fetal weight (EFW), umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI), cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and uterine artery PI. s-TDI measurements were obtained at the right atrioventricular valve annulus.

Results

SGA and LO-FGR fetuses had significantly lower A′ and S′ values, and higher E′/A′ ratio than the control group (P < 0.001). In comparison to controls, significantly prolonged isovolumetric contraction time (ICT′) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT′) and, significantly shortened ejection time (ET′) were observed in fetuses with SGA and LO-FGR. Increased myocardial performance index (MPI′) values were also found in fetuses with SGA and LO-FGR compared to controls.

Conclusion

The signs of cardiac dysfunction were observed both in fetuses with SGA and LO-FGR. The fetal cardiac function assessment with s-TDI could be a valuable method in the diagnosis of true growth restricted fetuses and in the management of these fetuses.
Genetic variation in the Sicista subtilis (Pallas, 1773) species group (Rodentia, Sminthidae), as compared to karyotype differentiation
Authors: Lebedev Vladimir , Poplavskaya Natalia , Bannikova Anna , Rusin Mikhail , Surov Alexey , Kovalskaya Yulia
Published: August 2019

Genetic variation in chromosomally polymorphic Sicista subtilis complex and related Sicista betulina species group was analysed using two mitochondrial markers (COI and Cytb). The S. subtilis group is shown to include six lineages, five of which correspond to species currently recognized based on cytogenetic and genetic data: Sicista nordmanni, Sicista trizona, S. subtilis
sensu stricto, Sicista severtzovi and Sicista cimlanica. A previously unknown genetic lineage of S. subtilis was found in the North Caucasus. The existence of two divergent lineages within Sicista strandi is supported. It is suggested that the speciation rate in Sicista was strongly affected by rapid chromosomal evolution.
Effects of Animacy in Grammar and Cognition: Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Vihman Virve-Anneli , Nelson Diane
Published: August 2019

Most, if not all, languages exhibit “animacy effects”: grammatical structures interact with the relative animacy of noun referents, as represented on various versions of animacy scales, with human discourse participants at one end and inanimate objects at the other. Cross-linguistic evidence attests to a range of linguistic phenomena conditioned by animacy, with complex effects requiring (a) subtler distinctions than a binary contrast [± animate] and (b) more sophisticated analyses than mapping higher animacy to higher grammatical role.

This paper introduces the Special Issue, “Effects of Animacy in Grammar and Cognition”, in which the linguistic interest in grammatical effects of animacy is aligned with broader questions concerning animacy in cognition, including the origins of animacy in language, the biases underlying how we attend to animacy distinctions and how animacy affects discourse. Recent work in cognitive science and adjacent fields has contributed to the understanding of the role of animacy across linguistic domains. Yet, despite the consensus that sensitivity to animacy is a property central to human cognition, there is no agreement on how to incorporate animacy within linguistic theories. This SI focusses on the cognitive construal of animacy, aiming to extend our understanding of its role in grammar(s) and theory.
Isolation and characterization of antiplasmodial constituents from the marine sponge Coscinoderma sp.
Authors: Jeong Huijeong , Latif Abdul , Kong Chang-Suk , Seo Youngwan , Lee Yeon-Ju , Dalal Seema R. , Cassera Maria B. , Kingston David G.I.
Published: August 2019

Six known compounds, namely two halisulfates 1 and 2 and four epidioxy sterols 3–6, were isolated from the marine sponge Coscinoderma sp. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy, and their antiplasmodial activities were determined against the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The epidioxy steroids 3–6 all showed moderate to weak antiplasmodial activity, with IC50 values of 2.7 μM for (24S)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6-en-3β-ol (3), 11.6 μM for 5α,8α-epidioxycholesta-6,24(28)-dien-3β-o1 (4), 2.33 μM for 5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6,9(11)-24(28)-trien-3β-ol (5), and between 12 and 24 μM for 5α,8α-epidioxycholesta-6-en-3β-ol (6). In contrast, halisulfate 2 (1) was inactive, and halisulfate 1 (2) had an of IC50 value of about 24 μM.
La comunicación de los partidos políticos en España tras el bipartidismo
Authors: Padilla Castillo Graciela
Published: August 2019

Reseña del libro LA COMUNICACIÓN DE LOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS EN ESPAÑA TRAS EL BIPARTIDISMO, de Eva Aladro Vico y Paula Requeijo Rey (Coords.). Editorial Pearson, Madrid, 2018.
La población sénior y su percepción de la publicidad: influencia del medio y del emisor
Authors: Ávila-Rodríguez-de-Mier Belén , Martín-García Noemí
Published: August 2019

El acelerado envejecimiento de la población ha hecho que los mayores se estén convirtiendo en un público objetivo de alto interés para algunas marcas. Debido a ello, este trabajo se plantea con la finalidad de conocer la opinión que los sénior tienen de la publicidad y el grado de credibilidad que dan a los anuncios en función del emisor y del medio en el que sean expuestos. La metodología utilizada para dar respuesta a este objetivo está basada en entrevistas realizadas a individuos de 65 a 84 años con hábitos de envejecimiento activo y residentes en Segovia capital (N=184). Los resultados muestran cierto rechazo a la publicidad, especialmente entre los varones y los más jóvenes (65 a 74 años), a pesar de que se reconozca su utilidad. Además, la publicidad en radio y la publicidad institucional son percibidas como las más creíbles en contraposición con la emitida en internet y la proveniente de los partidos políticos. Su originalidad radica en ofrecer una información novedosa y segmentada que pueda ayudar a plantear estrategias de comunicación dirigidas a impactar a un público objetivo tan heterogéneo y desconocido como  el sénior.
Transformations, Changes, and Continuities in Conservation Governance: A Case Study of Wildlife Conservation in Kenya, 1980–2016
Authors: Asaka Jeremiah O.
Published: August 2019

Global conservation policy and governance has undergone significant changes since the publication of World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. The strategy sought to integrate conservation and development deviating from the practice under fortress conservation, which considers the two concepts incompatible. What has this significant shift in approach meant for conservation governance at lower levels (i.e., national and sub-national) of governance? This article explores this question in the context of wildlife conservation in Kenya. The article is premised on field data collected in the country during the months of June, July, and August 2016 using mixed methods: key informant interview, household survey, and document review. It documents transformation, change, and continuity in conservation governance in Kenya during 1980–2016. The article also identifies three emerging concerns that hinder sustainable wildlife conservation in Kenya: elitism, green grabbing, and donor-dependency.
Genetic regulation in pubertal delay
Authors: Howard Sasha R
Published: August 2019

Delayed puberty represents the clinical presentation of a final common pathway for many different pathological mechanisms. In the majority of patients presenting with significantly delayed puberty, there is a clear family history of delayed or disturbed puberty, and pubertal timing is known to be a trait with strong heritability. Thus, genetic factors clearly play a key role in determining the timing of puberty, and mutations in certain genes are recognised as responsible for delayed or absent puberty in a minority of patients. Through the identification of causal genetic defects such as these we have been able to learn a great deal about the pathogenesis of disrupted puberty and its genetic regulation. Firstly, deficiency in key genes that govern the development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone system during fetal development may result in a spectrum of conditions ranging from isolated delayed puberty to absent puberty with anosmia. Secondly, a balance of inhibitory and excitatory signals, acting upstream of GnRH secretion, are vital for the correct timing of puberty. These act to repress the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis during mid-childhood and allow it to reactivate at puberty, and alterations in this equilibrium can cause delayed (or precocious) puberty. Thirdly, disturbances of energy metabolism inputs to the kisspeptin–GnRH system may also lead to late onset of puberty associated with changes in body mass.