bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Munich Agreement(1938) and Eastern Europe, Geopolitical Crisis and Its Characteristics: Focusing on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Authors:   East European and Balkan Institute, Kim Chul-Min
Published: December 2023

After the Great Depression of 1929, the international order accepted the territorial invasion and expansion of the Powers into weak countries to secure space for their survival as a natural evolutionary development process. And the basis for justifying this was Haushofer’s Lebensraum theory, which combined Darwin’s theory of evolution with sociology. This study aims to analyze Lebensraum among geopolitical theories, which provided the theoretical basis for Germany’s territorial expansion and racial nationalism. The Munich Agreement (September 1938) was the result of Lebensraum theory. In this study, I would like to analyze the impact of the Munich Agreement on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and its characteristics.
In Chapter II of this study, based on the geopolitical values of Eastern Europe asserted by Mackinder and Spykman, I explain how Haushofer’s Lebensraum theory influenced the geopolitical crisis in Eastern Europe. In addition, I would like to introduce the process of concluding the Munich Agreement, one of the Lebensraum outcomes, and the impact this agreement had on Eastern European countries. In Chapter III, I analyze how the Munich Agreement affected Yugoslavia and what the process was like, focusing on three characteristics: first, the expansion of internal instability, second, the forced choice to bandwagon strategy, and third, the division of the kingdom of Yugoslavia. Lastly, in the conclusion of Chapter IV, I recall the geopolitical value of Eastern Europe in today’s new Cold War, and I would like to explain what lessons and implications this study provides to the Korean Peninsula, which is in a geopolitical position(Rimland) similar to Eastern Europe.
Educational Technology Undergraduates’ Performance in a Distance Learning Course Using Three Courseware Formats
Authors: Falode Oluwole Caleb , Mohammed Ibrahim Abba
Published: December 2023

Most educators’ inability to provide learning contents that suit different learning styles has caused a lot of problems in terms of performance. Thus, to cater to students’ preferences in terms of access to learning contents, the distance learning regulatory body in Nigeria emphasized that course materials should be developed in mixed-media formats. This study was carried out to compare the effects of printed, video, and Moodle-based courseware on educational technology students’ achievement, retention, and satisfaction in a distance learning course. A quasi-experimental design was employed for the study involving 108 participants from three experimental groups. The learning content and instruments, subjected to validation and reliability tests, where values of 0.78 and 0.86 were obtained using the Pearson product moment correlation and Cronbach’s alpha for achievement and satisfaction inventory, respectively, were administered within a four-week period. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that the printed, video, and Moodle-based courseware formats improved students’ achievement with mean gain scores of 47.92, 40.89, and 43.03, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the achievement (F (2,104) = 8.67, p < 0.05), retention (F (2,104) = 29.406, p < 0.05), and satisfaction scores (F (2,104) = 5.662, p < 0.05) of the three groups. Open and distance learning administrators in Nigeria are recommended to produce and deploy printed, video, and Moodle-based formats of courseware to meet different students’ learning preferences.
On the Ethical Issues Posed by the Exploitation of Users’ Data in MOOC Platforms: Capturing Learners’ Perspectives
Authors: Cisel Matthieu Tenzing
Published: December 2023

Due notably to the emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs), stakeholders in online education have amassed extensive databases on learners throughout the past decade. Administrators of online course platforms, for instance, possess a broad spectrum of information about their users. This information spans from users’ areas of interest to their learning habits, all of which is deduced from diverse analytics. Such circumstances have sparked intense discussions over the ethical implications and potential risks that databases present. In this article, we delve into an analysis of a survey distributed across three MOOCs with the intention to gain a deeper understanding of learners’ viewpoints on the use of their data. We first explore the perception of features and mechanisms of recommendation systems. Subsequently, we examine the issue of data transmission to third parties, particularly potential recruiters interested in applicants’ performance records on course platforms. Our findings reveal that younger generations demonstrate less resistance towards the exploitation of their data.
“Do alto da minha goiabeira”
Authors: Góes Breno
Published: December 2023

Este artigo pretende formular uma hipótese de leitura a respeito das crônicas memorialísticas escritas por Aldir Blanc para o jornal O Pasquim na década de 1970. O texto partirá das reflexões de Paul Ricoeur para analisar de que maneira as metáforas de Blanc neste corpo textual se relacionam com as questões políticas de seu tempo. Em seguida, se verificará a escolha de Vila Isabel como cenário à luz da política imobiliária epistemicida operada pela Ditadura no Rio de Janeiro. Finalmente, os dois tópicos anteriores serão relacionados, de maneira a demonstrar que as metáforas de Blanc resistem ao epistemicídio ao transformar os saberes de Vila Isabel em um ponto de vista a partir do qual a própria Ditadura pode ser lida.
Guga Ferraz e o arrasamento do Morro do Castelo
Authors: Oliveira Luiz
Published: December 2023

Este artigo investiga o projeto de arte urbana de Guga Ferraz, intitulado Até onde o mar vinha, até onde o Rio ia (2008-2014), e seu entorno político-conceitual, tendo como pano de fundo as transformações urbanas que têm alterado de forma substantiva as feições da cidade do Rio de Janeiro desde as primeiras décadas do século XX. Utilizando as ferramentas dos estudos do urbanismo crítico e da história das cidades, da arte e da arquitetura aplicada à evolução urbana, este artigo visa refletir sobre a obra de Guga Ferraz em relação direta às reformas implementadas pelos prefeitos Pereira Passos e Carlos Sampaio que acarretaram no arrasamento do Morro do Castelo, no Centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
RELEVANCE OF VERSES ON POLITICS IN THE QURAN WITH THE CONSTITUTION IN INDONESIA; THEMATIC PANCASILA, UUD I945, AND CONTROVERSIAL ARTICLES IN CRIMINAL CODE (KUHP)
Authors: Mujamil Ashari , Wafa Ali
Published: December 2023

The Qur'an has become a universal guide to life - including political ethics - although it is not explained explicitly so that in its development, the concept of politics and government reflected in the constitution often has relevance to the values of the Qur'an. This study aims to reflect on the main values in the al-Qu'an related to political ethics to be elaborated in the concept of the Constitution in Indonesia, namely Pancasila and the UUD 1945. This research analyses the result using a qualitative approach, a thematic literature study method aided by Abdullah Saeed's contextual hermeneutic approach. The research results show that as a whole, the Pancasila precepts have a meaning that is relevant to the values of the Qur'an, namely the 1st precept of monotheism, the 2nd precept of equality, the 3rd precept of brotherhood/ unity, the 4th precept of deliberation in the process of decision-making, and the 5th precept of social justice/welfare. As for the thematic review of the UUD 1945, there are basic values of political ethics in the Qur'an, namely regarding law, power, and sovereignty; leadership and democracy; government apparatus; and Human Rights. Regarding the controversial articles in the Criminal Code, there are several important points, including the limitations on freedom of expression, alternative criminal penalties and commutation of sentences for corruptors, as well as punishment for adultery perpetrators, which in the contextualization of the values of the Quran contains the relevance of ethical, political and moral values.
The Urgency of Karyotyping Examination in Male Infertility Patients with Primary Hypogonadism
Authors: Putu Dyah Agustina Lestari  , I Gusti Ngurah Pramesemara
Published: December 2023

Infertility is a failure to get pregnant after one year of sexual intercourse without using contraception. The causes of infertility, especially in men, are very complex, including the aging process, hormonal disorders, lifestyle, environment, metabolic disease, and genetic problems. One of the most difficult causes in male infertility  is genetic problems.
In this case, a 35 year old man was reported with primary infertility and often experienced premature ejaculation and even anejaculation. Previously, the patient had repeatedly consulted about his condition at other fertility service centers. The conclusion obtained was that the patient had azoospermia with bilateral varicoceles and had been given hormone therapy but had not yet found a final diagnosis so the patient was still confused about what had happened to him. At the first visit the patient underwent a sperm analysis and the results were azoospermia. Then, based on the results of the history and physical examination, which indicated hypogonadism, a Y chromosome microdeletion examination was carried out, and a deletion was found in the AZFc region, which is a marker of infertility that causes spermatogenic failure. The examination was continued with karyotyping, the result was 47.XXY, consistent with the condition of Klinefelter syndrome.
Conclusion: Carry out a karyotyping examination if you find signs and symptoms that suggest primary hypogonadism in male infertility. This can be done to streamline the diagnostic approach time in patients with primary hypogonadism, especially those with infertility.
Kepastian Hukum Dalam Permohonan Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia Secara Elektronik
Authors: Dimas Tri Sunu
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Since the issuance of the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 47 of 2016 regarding Procedures of Indonesian Citizenship Application through an Electronic System, people can apply citizenship services through an application called SAKE.  Using SAKE surely can simplify and accelerate the citizenship services process in Indonesia. The writing of this article uses the normative method and uses the conceptual method as well. And based on these method, there were several problems where the applicants that have right to be able to submit their application were not regulated as applicants in the Regulation. Also, the Regulation had not regulated regarding the supervision performed by the government on SAKE. Therefore, the government must carry out maximum law enforcement and supervision so that existing regulations can be maintained and improved.
Keywords: Citizenship Application; Electronic System; SAKE; Government Supervision.
Abstrak
Sejak diterbitkannya Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 47 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Permohonan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia Melalui Sistem Elektronik, masyarakat dapat mengajukan layanan kewarganegaraan melalui aplikasi bernama SAKE. Penggunaan SAKE tentunya dapat mempermudah dan mempercepat proses layanan kewarganegaraan di Indonesia. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode normatif dan menggunakan metode konseptual pula. Dan berdasarkan cara tersebut, terdapat beberapa permasalahan dimana pemohon yang mempunyai hak untuk dapat mengajukan permohonannya tidak diatur sebagai pemohon dalam Peraturan tersebut. Selain itu, peraturan tersebut juga belum mengatur mengenai pengawasan yang dilakukan pemerintah terhadap SAKE. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus melakukan penegakan hukum dan pengawasan secara maksimal agar peraturan yang ada dapat dipertahankan dan diperbaiki.
​Kata Kunci: Permohonan Kewarganegaraan; Secara Elektronik; SAKE; Pengawasan Pemerintah;
The ceramic complex of the Transitional Period from the Bronze to the Iron Age of the settle-ment of Mergen 6 in the Lower Ishim River basin (Western Siberia)
Authors: Zimina O.Yu. , Zakh V.A. , Skochina S.N.
Published: December 2023

The settlement of Mergen 6 is located in the Ishim District of the Tyumen Oblast on the northeastern shore of Lake Mergen by the head of the river Mergenka. It was studied in 1990 and 2002–2011 under the direction of V.A. Zakh and S.N. Skochina. On the site, 1494 m2 were examined. The settlement is multi-layered and contains the materials from the Neolithic Period through to the Middle Ages. The research is aimed at the detailed characterisation of the ceramic complex of the Transitional Period from the Bronze to the Early Iron Age (TPBIA), dated to the 8th–7th cc. BC. The TPBIA ceramic complex is a large one (approximately 7.5 thousand items identified), deposited at a depth predominantly no more than 60 cm from the surface in the layers disturbed by ploughing. It is highly fragmented; whole forms are lacking; in some cases, ceramics was deposited in clusters. Therefore, the object of the research was a subset from the TPBIA ceramic complex of the settlement of Mergen 6 which was analysed on the basis of the formal-classificatory and cultural-historical approaches. With the aid of the methods of mathematical statistics, possible interrelations between the morphological and ornamental traits of the object of the research were established. In the TPBIA ceramic subset, the fragments of the pottery vessels which can be correlated with the ceramics of the archaeological cultures of Krasnoozerka (335 vessels identified by the necks), Gama-yun (no more than 8 items), and Itkul (37 items), and a ceramic group designated as ‘synchretic’ (102 items) were identified. The analy-sis of the morphological and decorative features of the TPBIA ceramics showed quite a close interaction of the diverse population dur-ing the considered period. Elements of the ornament and morphological features of the pottery vessels, constituting the specifics of both the syncretic group of the ceramics, characterised by mixed Krasnoozerka-Gamayun-Itkul traits, as well as by the individual traits of the main cultural groups of the site — on the pottery vessels of the Krasnoozerka group, some elements characteristic of the Gamayun-Itkul decorative patterns; the vessels of the Gamayun-Itkul group have been produced with a deviation from the typical canons — served as markers of the mutual influence.
Synthesis of Bis(cyclic Carbonates) from Epoxy Resin under Microwave Irradiation: The Structural Analysis and Evaluation of Thermal Properties
Authors: Hebda Edyta , Ozimek Jan , Szołdrowska Kinga , Pielichowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

The article describes the use of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of bis(cyclo carbonate) compounds (BCC) in bulk (without solvent) from carbon dioxide capture using an epoxidized compound - a commercial epoxy resin, and compares this process to the conventional method. CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides is an ecological and efficient method for the formation of bis(cyclic carbonates). Moreover, the introduction of gas into the reaction mixture was carried out at atmospheric pressure with a controlled flow rate, which is advantageous from an economic point of view. Progressive structural changes and the presence of characteristic chemical groups were monitored using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform. The obtained crude products were purified to obtain three fractions, which were subjected to detailed structural analysis using FT-IR and 13CNMR. The formation of the main product with two cyclic carbonates was confirmed. The presence of monomers, dimers and trimers in individual fractions as well as their thermal stability were determined, and the molecular masses in individual fractions were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Assessment of Full-Fat Tenebrio molitor as Feed Ingredient for Solea senegalensis: Effects on Growth Performance and Lipid Profile
Authors: Hachero Cruzado Ismael , Betancor Monica B. , Dominguez Antonio Jesús Coronel , Manchado Manuel , Alarcón-López Francisco Javier
Published: December 2023

Sustainability enhancement is one of the main challenges of aquaculture. Since feeds represent one of the major costs from an environmental point of view, it is priority to find sustainable alterna-tive ingredients for aquaculture diet. Insect meals have some advantages as ingredients for aqua-culture, like its sustainability and nutritional value. However, the biggest drawback of full-fat in-sect meal is its fatty acid profile. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of partial plant or marine-derived ingredients replacements with full-fat Tenebrio molitor meal (TM) at two differ-ent levels on growth performance and fatty acids profiles of Solea senegalensis. For this purpose, a control diet and four experimental diets were tested, two of them contained 5 and 10% w/w TM that replaced mostly fish meal. Two other experimental diets included 10 and 15% w/w TM that replaced mostly plant meals. The inclusion of insect meal resulted in an improvement in growth rate and feed efficiency in both cases. Moreover, dietary inclusion of insect meal increased muscle total protein and decreased total lipid, without changes in phospholipids, and maintaining the relative level of n-3 PUFA. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that full-fat TM inclusion up to 15% in S. senegalensis diets had no negative effects or even positive effects on fish survival, growth performance, nutrient utilization and flesh quality.
Haemolytic Anaemia-Related Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Karyofyllis Panagiotis K , Demerouti Eftychia A , Tsetika Eleftheria-Garyfallia N , Apostolopoulou Styliani G , Tsiapras Panagiotis D , Iakovou Ioannis , Tsiapras Dimitrios P
Published: December 2023

Haemolytic anaemia represents a risk factor for the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), currently classified as World Health Organization group 5 PH and data regarding appropriate therapeutic strategy are limited. A total of 28 patients, 85.7% with thalassemia and 14,3% with sickle cell disease, with a diagnosis of PH confirmed by right heart catheterization, were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups according to haemodynamics and overall diagnostic approach: 42,9% had precapillary PH (Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension -PAH group), 25% post-capillary PH and 32.1% Chronic Thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) (29% of b-thalassemia and 50% of SCD patients). The therapeutic approach in each group and its impact on the outcome and haemodynamics was recorded. PAH-specific drug therapy received 82.1% of patients and Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA) was performed in 6 patients with CTEPH. There were statistically significant differences in baseline mPAP and PVR values between the CTEPH-haemolytic anaemia group and other groups. PAH-specific drug therapy resulted in haemodynamic improvement for PAH-group. Patients who underwent BPA improved Pulmonary Haemodynamics. Median survival time was 162 months and the survival rate was 1yr-100%, 2,3,4,5,6 years 96%, 9yrs 90% and 13yrs 78%. In patients with haemolytic anaemia, the wide spectrum of induced PH highlights the importance of a correct diagnosis. BPA in CTEPH patients and specific-PAH drug therapy for PAH patients represent potential therapeutic strategies, however the management should be offered in expert PH centers under patients’ individualized approach.
Integrating AI/ML in Cybersecurity: An Analysis of Open XDR Technology and its Application in Intrusion Detection and System Log Management
Authors: Pissanidis Dimitrios Lazaros , Demertzis Konstantinos
Published: December 2023

In today's digital landscape, cybersecurity has become a priority, with attacks becoming increasingly sophisticated. Traditional security approaches are no longer enough, requiring a more dynamic and advanced response. In this context, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) appears key to addressing this growing threat. However, despite their high effectiveness, there is a developed problem: the integration of various data sources and technologies for comprehensive protection. This article presents an in-depth review of integrating Artificial Intelligence and Ma-chine Learning in cybersecurity, focusing particularly on Open Extended Detection and Response (Open XDR) technology. The methodology used is a detailed literature review, examining how various cybersecurity components interact and function. These components include Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), which monitor networks for malicious activities; Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR), which focuses on detecting and investigating security incidents on endpoints; and Security Information and Event Management (SIEM), systems that provide real-time analysis of security alerts. The review also considers the role of Active Directory, a directory service for Windows domain networks, and the process of log forwarding, where log files are transmitted to a central server for analysis, in the context of AI and ML. The paper delves into the development of AI and ML, underscoring their roles in cybersecurity for advanced data processing, pattern recognition, and predicting threats. It explores both supervised (where the model is trained on labeled data) and unsupervised learning (where the model learns from unlabeled data) in ML, and how these techniques bolster cybersecurity measures. The article highlights the significance of Open XDR as a critical innovation that integrates data from multiple sources for comprehensive security analysis. Further, the review discusses how the integration of AI and ML into various cybersecurity tools, such as IDS, EDR, and SIEM, augments capabilities in threat detection and response. It addresses the challenges and opportunities that AI and ML present in the cybersecurity domain, focusing on ethical issues, data privacy concerns, and the necessity for ongoing professional development in this rapidly advancing field. The paper concludes by affirming the effectiveness of merging AI and ML with these cybersecurity tools within the Open XDR framework. This integration significantly enhances threat detection, response efficiency, and overall cybersecurity resilience. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of cybersecurity technologies, their interaction with AI and ML, and insights into the field's future developments.
Spin Valve-Based Rhombus-Shaped Microobject Implementing Full Wheatstone Bridge
Authors: Milyaev Mikhail , Naumova Larisa , Germizina Anastasiya , Chernyshova Tatyana , Pavlova Anastasia , Krinitsina Tatiana , Proglyado Vyacheslav , Ustinov Vladimir
Published: December 2023

Spin valves with a synthetic antiferromagnet were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. It was shown that the fabricated spin valves had perfect microstructure of layers and smooth interfaces, therefore RKKY interaction dominates in coupling of ferromagnetic layers separated by a copper spacer. Rhombus-shaped microobjects were fabricated from a single spin valve film. The thermomagnetic treatment procedure was found, to form unidirectional anisotropy in the microobject so, that the values of the exchange bias fields in the rhombus’ nonparallel sides were opposite in sign. For the synthetic antiferromagnet CoFeNi/Ru/CoFeNi the difference between ferromagnetic layers thicknesses was found, at which the thermomagnetic treatment forms the same exchange bias all over the rhombus’ side. The sensor element was fabricated in which each side of the rhombus was a shoulder of a Wheatstone bridge. After the thermomagnetic treatment procedure each shoulder worked as an active magnetosensitive element, thus the device operated as the full Wheatstone bridge. The sensor output has the shape of a step, high sensitivity to field change and significant magnetic hysteresis. Such characteristics are suitable for switching devices.
Clinical Application of the Association Between Genetic Alteration and Intraoperative Fluorescence Activity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid During the Resection of Brain Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jeong Hyeon Yeong , Suh Won Jun , Seung Hwan Kim , Taek Min Nam , Jang Ji Hwan , Kyu Hong Kim , Kim Seok Hyun , Kim Young Zoon
Published: December 2023

: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association of certain genetic alterations and intraoperative fluorescent activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in brain metastasis (BM) of lung adenocarcinoma. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 72 patients who underwent surgical resection of BM from lung adenocarcinoma at our institute for 5 years. Cancer cell infiltration was estimated by the intraoperative fluorescent activity of 5-ALA, and genetic alterations were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting cancer cell infiltration using 5-ALA were 87.5% and 96.4%, respectively. Genes associated with cell cycle regulation (p = 0.003) and cell proliferation (p = 0.044) were significantly associated with positive fluorescence activity of 5-ALA in the adjacent brain tissue. Genetic alterations in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation were also associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (p = 0.013 and p = 0.042, respectively) and overall survival (p = 0.026 and p = 0.042, respectively) in the multivariate analysis. The results suggest that genetic alterations in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation are associated with positive fluorescence activity of 5-ALA in the adjacent infiltrative brain tissue and influence the clinical outcome of BM of lung adenocarcinoma.
Cheminformatics-Based Design and Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Aaddouz Mohamed , Azzaoui Khalil , Sabbahi Rachid , Yahyaoui Meryem Idrissi , Asehraou Abdeslam , Youssoufi Moulay hfid , El Miz Mohamed , Hammouti Belkheir , Shityakov Sergey , Siaj Mohamed , Mejdoubi Elmiloud
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a novel cheminformatics approach for the design and synthesis of hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposites, which have potential biomedical applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, orthopedic and dental implants. The nanocomposites are synthesized by the co-precipitation method with different ratios of hydroxyapatite and collagen, and their mechanical, biological, and degradation properties are analyzed using various experimental and computational techniques, such as attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and molecular simulation. The antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposites is evaluated in vitro against several bacterial and fungal strains, demonstrating their medical potential. Additionally, in silico analyses are performed to predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties and the bioavailability of the collagen samples. This work opens new avenues for the development of novel biomaterials using cheminformatics tools and methods, which can facilitate the optimization of the design and synthesis parameters, as well as the prediction of the biological outcomes. Future research directions include the investigation of the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the nanocomposites in vivo, as well as the exploration of other applications and functionalities of these nanocomposites.
Environmental Impacts of Crops Production Systems in Subtropical Plateau Regions: Case Study of Yunnan, China
Authors: He Yousheng , Mao Dan , Zhang Wei , Huang Qi , Wang Yuan , Chen Xinping , Dong Xiangshu , Yao Zhi
Published: December 2023

Although agricultural crops production systems in subtropical plateau regions currently pose high environmental risks, especially in developing countries, their environmental impacts and emission-reduction potentials remain unclear, and the development potential of such systems is likely huge. We conducted a case study in Yunnan Province, China, to quantify the environmental impacts from crop production during 2002–2021. The life cycle assessment method was employed to identify factors driving the environmental impacts, and potential mitigation strategies were proposed. The yield and total nutrient input of grain crops in Yunnan Province increased over the 20-year period, and environmental footprint of crops production in Yunnan Province was higher than that of other regions. Average annual mean greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil acidification potentials (AP) and water eutrophication potentials (EP) of crops production during 2002–2021 were 732 kg CO2-eq·Mg-1, 15.8 kg SO2-eq·Mg-1, and 2.7 kg PO4-eq Mg-1, respectively. GHG emissions from g crops mainly originated from applying agricultural materials during the crop life cycle. There was a significant correlation between surplus nitrogen and environmental impacts. Scenario testing showed that through crop sowing, nutrient regulation, and crop management, the crop yield could be increased and environmental costs could be reduced. The greatest reductions were found in wheat production: 53.1%, 67.9%, and 67.7% for GHG emissions, AP, and EP, respectively. Adopting comprehensive agricultural management measures could reduce the negative impact of crops production on the environment in subtropical plateau areas and achieve sustainable agricultural development.
Antibiotic Use in Primary Care in Northern Ireland
Authors: Coleman Heather , Hadnett Naomi
Published: December 2023

Research is scarce regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for specific localities in Northern Ireland (NI). Additionally, the effects of COVID-19 on antimicrobial pre-scribing patterns and AMR are unknown. Between the European Union (EU) and United States (US), AMR causes approximately 68,000 deaths annually. This study will provide a better understanding of antimicrobial use and prescribing patterns in Belfast and link with AMR. An electronic survey was developed and distributed to eighty-five community pharmacists in Belfast. Yearly and monthly prescription data was gathered from the Business Services Organisation and COVID-19 statistics from Gov.uk. All data was analysed on Microsoft Office Excel® and IBM® SPSS® Statistics 25. Overall response rate was 46%. Most pharmacists (82%) failed to address prescriber non-compliance with guidelines and antimicrobial dosing errors (59%). The most common in-dication for antibiotics was upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Overprescribing of anti-biotics was perceived as the leading cause of AMR, therefore 69% of pharmacists indicated in-creased General Practitioner (GP) compliance with guidelines would reduce AMR. Pharmacists’ are in an ideal position to reduce AMR through patient education however, it is demonstrated that pharmacists failed to adequately counsel patients on antibiotic use. All GP practices demonstrated inappropriate antibiotic use, especially for URTIs which suggests antibiotic appropriateness should be reviewed. Many patients avoided contact with GP’s during COVID-19 which may have resulted in reduced antibiotic use. This research established amoxicillin as the most commonly prescribed antibiotic, which is contributing to increased AMR with its broad-spectrum activity and has recognised a decrease in antibiotic prescribing during COVID-19. Based on the results found and a critical review of the literature it is recommended antimicrobial guidelines should be re-viewed and improved, enhanced training should be provided to pharmacists and the antibiotic guardian (AG) campaign should be reenergised.
Tracing Geographic and Molecular Footprints of Copepod Crustaceans Causing Multifocal Purple Spots Syndrome in the Caribbean Sea Fan Gorgonia ventalina
Authors: Korzhavina Oksana A. , Nikitin Mikhail A. , Hoeksema Bert W , Armenteros Maickel , Reimer James D. , Ivanenko Viatcheslav N.
Published: December 2023

The recent rise in ocean temperatures, accompanied by other environmental changes, has notably increased the occurrence and spread of diseases in Octocorallia, of which many species are integral to shallow tropical and subtropical coral reef ecosystems. This study focuses on the understanding of these diseases, which has been largely limited to symptomatic descriptions, with clear etiological factors identified in only a fraction of cases. A key example is the multifocal purple spots syndrome (MPSS) affecting the common Caribbean octocoral sea fan Gorgonia ventalina, linked to the gall-forming copepods of the genus Sphaerippe, a member of the widespread family Lamippidae. The specialized nature of these copepods as endoparasites in octocorals suggests the potential for the discovery of similar diseases across this host spectrum. Our investigation employed four molecular markers to study disease hotspots in Saint Eustatius, Curaçao, northwest and southwest Cuba, and Bonaire. This led to the discovery of a group of copepod species in these varied Caribbean locations. Importantly, these species are morphologically indistinguishable through traditional methods, challenging established taxonomic approaches. The observed diversity of symbionts, despite the host species' genetic uniformity, is likely due to variations in larval dispersal mechanisms. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the Lamippidae copepods belong to the order Poecilostomatoida (Copepoda) and revealed their sister group relationship with the Anchimolgidae, Rhynchomolgidae, and Xarifiidae clades, known for their symbiotic relationships with scleractinian corals. These results add to our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological interactions of copepods and their hosts, and the diseases they cause, important data in a changing climate.
Antimicrobial and Other Pharmacological Properties of Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae
Authors: Zhakipbekov Kairat , Turgumbayeva Aknur , Akhelova Sholpan , Bekmuratova Kymbat , Blinova Olga , Utegenova Gulnara , Shertayeva Klara , Sadykov Nurlan , Tastambek Kuanysh , Saginbazarova Akzharkyn , Urazgaliyev Kenzhebek , Tulegenova Gulbanu , Zhalimova Zere , Karasova Zhanylsyn
Published: December 2023

Since ancient times, various scientists and doctors have utilized different herbs to heal diseases. Due to the rise in drug resistance and the negative effects of chemosynthetic drugs, researchers and the general public around the world have become more interested in medicinal herbs and plant metabolites/extracts. This is due to its non-toxicity and several health benefits when used to treat diseases in clinical and medical settings. Ocimum basilicum is one such plant, possessing a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids and glycosides, as well as complex pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing and antiviral properties. The results of many studies on Ocimum basilicum plant extracts are collected and presented in this review. The plant extracts have an excellent potential to be used as medicinal raw materials and exhibit an extensive variety of therapeutic capacities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
Influence of Salting on Physicochemical and Sensory Parameters of Blue-Veined Cheeses
Authors: Tornadijo Rodríguez María Eugenia , López González Noemí , Combarros-Fuertes Patricia , Gutiérrez Bernardo Prieto , Abarquero Camino Daniel , Fresno José María
Published: December 2023

Salting influences microbial growth, enzymatic activity and biochemical reactions during ripening, thus contributing to the final quality of cheese. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different salting methods (dry salting at 12, 24 and 48 h; in brine; and curd salting) on the chemical (moisture and salt content), physico-chemical (pH, titratable acidity and water activity) and sensory (texture profile analysis, colour and sensory attributes) characteristics of an industrial blue vein cheese. Dry salted cheeses had lower moisture content and water activity, and higher salt/moisture content and acidity than those salted in brine and curd. Dry-salted cheeses were also characterised by higher values for hardness, fracturability and instrumental gumminess. Dry-salted cheeses showed differences only in the red/green colour component (a*), with the curd-salted cheeses being less greenish. All cheeses scored high (around 7) in the tasters' overall impression, with the dry-salted cheeses at 12 and 24 h showing optimal growth and even distribution of mould, as well as better flavour and texture.
Valorization of “La Palma” Volcanic Ash for Making Portlandblended, Alkaline and Hybrid Portland-Alkaline Cements
Authors: Rodríguez Pablo Martin , Fernández-Jiménez Ana , Alonso María del Mar , Palomo Angel , Garcia-Lodeiro Ines
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The present work evaluates the feasibility of using volcanic fly ash (VFA), generated by the eruption of the Tajogaite volcano on the island of La Palma (Spain) in 2021, as a precursor in the preparation of cementitious materials with different Portland cement (PC) replacement levels (0%, 30%, 70% and 100%), in the absence (Blended Cement, BC) and presence of an alkaline ac-tivator (Hybrid Alkaline Cement, HAC, and Alkaline Cements, AC). Hydration kinetics (isother-mal conduction calorimetry), paste mechanical strengths and reaction products were character-ised by XRD, FTIR, TG/DTG and BSEM/EDX. The results obtained indicate that the strengths de-veloped by the hybrid alkaline cements (HAC) are higher than those of the blended cements (BC), especially at the age of 2 days, where 25 MPa was obtained with the replacement of 70% PC by VFA. Alkaline cements (AC, 100% VFA) prepared with 8M NaOH solution as activator reached 40 MPa after 2 days. It was observed that in all the binders, depending on the initial composition of the binder mixture and the percentage of replacement and/or activator, VFA reacts to form cementitious gels, C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H type, which supports its use as a mineral addition to blended cement or as a precursor in the preparation of alkaline and hybrid alkaline cements.
Optimized Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement Using ECG, PPG and Linear Regression
Authors: Boschi Francesca , Figini Valeria , Pagana Guido , Visintin Monica
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the suitability of the timestamp approach algorithm for predicting blood pressure (BP) using wearable and comfortable devices, showcasing its accuracy even with low-frequency sampled signals. Developed within the SINTEC European project, the algorithm utilizes Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors, demonstrating promising results in both laboratory and hospital settings. The research emphasizes the algorithm’s potential to transform continuous and non-invasive BP monitoring through wearable technology, offering frequent measurements with minimal discomfort. While the study shows promise, further exploration is needed, focusing on optimizing machine learning coefficients for long-term monitoring applications and addressing potential changes over time. Technological improvements, including the implementation of edge computing algorithms, hold the key to enhancing BP accuracy, denoising techniques, and integrating alarm systems for future wearable solutions. This study emphasizes the adaptability of the algorithm for diverse healthcare environments, paving the way for broader applications in convenient and reliable BP monitoring.
Festival Recovery and Consumption Promotion Mechanism in the Post-pandemic Period: The case of the Qingdao International Beer Festival
Authors: Zheng Xinjie , Chi Xiaoting
Published: December 2023

As governments in various countries and regions issue tourism-friendly policies in the post-pandemic period, the voices for tourism consumption recovery and innovative transformation have attracted great attention. Many scholars, experts and industry professionals in the field of festivals are actively exploring efficient solutions for festival marketing and sustainability. It is worth rethinking tourists’ consumption psychology and perceived image toward exiting festival products as well as the antecedents that affect festival loyalty. The Qingdao International Beer Festival, as one of the most influential festivals in China, was selected as the research case for this study. The main goal of this study was to investigate festival consumption promotion mechanism by proposing a conceptual framework in which the associations from destination familiarity and product familiarity to loyal intentions (re-patronage and recommendation) were examined, with mediators of overall festival image, perceived value and overall satisfaction. Furthermore, the moderating role of visitor involvement in the proposed framework was also adequately demonstrated. The research findings are expected to provide a significant reference for the recovery and competitiveness improvement of the entire festival industry.
The relationship between Depression, Anxiety, Chronic Pain and Pain Pressure Threshold of the Masseter Muscle Healthy Young Subjects: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kruk-Majtyka Weronika Anna , Marciniak Tomasz
Published: December 2023

The correlation between pain and emotional status in subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is known. Regardless of that up to date these findings were seldomly confronted with the objective assessment of pain using a digital algometer on the mastication muscles. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the emotional status, chronic pain pain pressure threshold (PPT). 38 subjects were screened for the existence of temporomandibular disorders with the 3Q/TMD questionnaire, for chronic pain (GCPS) and emotional status (PHQ-9 and GAD-7). The results were confronted with the PPT measured with the digital algometer on the masseter muscles. Each subject was examined three times (after 1 month and after 7 months from the initial exami-nation session. Chronic pain scores (GCPS) were found to be higher in the TMD group in all three examination sessions (p<0,05). The pain, depression and anxiety levels were higher in females de-spite the existence of TMD, but only some were significant.A correlation between chronic orofacial pain scores and PPT was found in 2 out of 3 examination sessions. The PPT scores on the masseter muscles did not correlate with the emotional state in the study population.
Biochemical and morphological basis of resistance in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) against whitefly and jassid
Authors: Barman Mritunjoy , Samanta Snigdha , Atta Kousik , Dutta Subham , Dey Soumik , Samanta Arunava , Tarafdar Jayanta , Ahmed Bulbul
Published: December 2023

A major constraint in okra production is damage caused by insect pests, whitefly and jassids, which results in low yield. Identification of resistant varieties is a convenient and eco-friendly way towards sustainable management of insect pests attacking okra. Therefore, population dynamics of the two major pests were recorded in fifteen hybrid varieties of okra during two consecutive years in 2019 and 2020. Significant varietal difference in terms of insect infestation were recorded with, Kajari, NOH-1684, Japani jhar, Singham and Rohini being comparatively resistant varieties. Correlation studies revealed significant negative correlation of whitefly and jassid population with hair density, hair length and total phenols; positive correlation with total protein and total sugar content. The comparative analysis of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity revealed varieties more susceptible to whitefly and jassid attack resulted in higher enzyme activity in all the growth stages. The genotypes Kajari NOH-1684, Japani jhar, Singham and Rohini exhibit low infestations of whitefly and jassid, suggesting a tolerance based on their antixenotic properties. To enhance tolerance against these sucking pests, it is recommended to introduce the donor parents Kajari NOH-1684, Japani jhar, Singham and Rohini into okra breeding programs.
Dreaming during gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol, ciprofol or remimazolam anesthesia: study protocol for a randomized, controlled, single-center trial
Authors: Zhou Rui , Xia Leqiang , Deng Rui , Zhou Dan , Han Jia , Gao Sanjie , Zhao Zhifu , Zhou Yukai , Zhang Xianjie , Xiong Lize
Published: December 2023

BackgroundDreaming sometimes occurs during sedation. It has been reported that factors such as different anesthetics, depth of anesthesia, age, sex, and preoperative psychological state may affect dreams. Ciprofol and remimazolam are novel choices for painless endoscopy. Herein, we aimed to investigate dreaming during gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol, ciprofol and remimazolam anesthesia respectively.MethodsThis is a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center clinical trial.Three hundred and sixty subjects undergoing elective painless gastroscopy, colonoscopy or gastroenteroscopy will be enrolled. Eligible subjects will undergo propofol-, ciprofol- or remimazolam-induced anesthesia to finish the examination. Interviews about the modified Brice questionnaire will be conducted in the recovery room. Incidence of dreaming is set as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include type of dreams, improvement of sleep quality, evaluation of patients, incidence of insufficient anesthesia and intraoperative awareness. Safety outcomes are the incidences of hypotension and hypoxia during examination and adverse events during recovery.DiscussionThis study may observe different incidences of dreaming and diverse types of dreams, which might lead to different evaluationsto the anesthesia procedure. Based on the coming results, anesthesiologists can make a better medication plan for patients who are going to undergo painless diagnosis and treatment.Trial registrationThis trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on May 18, 2023 (registration number ChiCTR2300071565).
Residue Evaluation of Spiromesifen in Tomato fruits, Leaves, and Soil in Baghdad-Iraq using QuEChERS Extraction via FID-Gas Chromatography
Authors: Kadhum Hanan Abdulsalam , Hammood Mohammad K. , Arif Mokhtar Abdulsattar
Published: December 2023

Spiromesifen is an insecticide used to control whiteflies, red spider mites, and other pests in agriculture. This study has investigated a selective gas chromatography (GC) analytical method to determine spiromesifen residue levels in tomato fruits, leaves, and soil. Samples were extracted and cleaned utilizing a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method prior to GC analysis. Validation studies were performed by spiking blank tomato fruits, leaves, and soil samples at 0.5, 1, and 10 µg/mL spiromesifen. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved with percentage recoveries of 98.74%, 93.92%, and 94.18% for fruits, leaves, and soil, respectively. Negligible matrix effects were observed, with values of -7.9%, -7.8%, and − 5.3% for fruits, leaves, and soil correspondingly. The method exhibited strong linearity across a spiromesifen concentration range of 0.002-20 µg/mL, with R2 values exceeding 0.9900. Repeatability was also demonstrated via relative standard deviations of < 3%. Confirmatory studies were performed via GC–MS in selective ion monitoring mode within a mass range of 271–274 (m/z). Under greenhouse conditions, spiromesifen residues on the tomato fruits, leaves and soil were 3.39, 8.24 and 1.39 mg.kg− 1, respectively. The dissipation of spiromesifen residues followed first-order rate kinetics and degraded within a dissipation time of 50% of 1.6 days. This study was indicates that the proposed GC analytical methodology enables selective, accurate, and precise quantification of spiromesifen residues in tomato fruits, leaves, and soil. The method could be utilized for monitoring spiromesifen levels in agricultural environments to ensure compliance with insecticide regulations.