bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laminare und turbulente Strömungsgrenzschichten für einen in Gas fallenden Flüssigkeitsstrahl
Authors: Massard Pascal , Lange Klaus W.
Published: December 2016

Erfassung der Strömung eines flüssigen Strahls in einer umgebenden Gasatmosphäre nur bei Kenntnis der Geschwindigkeitsprofile im laminaren und turbulenten Bereich. Ermittlung der Geschwindigkeitsfelder im stationären Zustand für räumliche Zylinderkoordinaten im laminaren Bereich über den Impulssatz. Iterative Berechnung der Dicken der Strömungsgrenzschichten auf beiden Seiten der Strahloberfläche und der Strahlerweiterung. Angabe der Abhängigkeit des Strahlkerns von der Düsen‐Reynolds‐Zahl. Ermittlung der Grenzschichtdicken bei turbulent strömendem Strahl mit der Levichschen Theorie.
Experimentelle Untersuchung der Spülentgasung von Stahlschmelzen mit Argon
Authors: Rentizelas Georges , Lange Klaus W. , Papamantellos Demetrios
Published: December 2016

Experimentelle Untersuchung der Spülentgasung am Beispiel der Stickstoffentfernung mit in Eisenschmelzen eingeblasenem Argon bei Atmosphärendruck. Angabe der Stickstoffausscheidungsgrade als Funktion des Spülgasverbrauchs. Einfluß des Ausgangsstickstoffgehaltes und des Kohlenstoffgehaltes. Vergleich mit Modellrechnungen. Abschätzung der Anfangsblasengröße.
Möglichkeiten zur Bewertung der Zerspanbarkeit von Stahl auf der Grundlage von Schnittkraftmessungen beim Einsatz von Hartmetalldrehwerkzeugen
Authors: König Wilfried , Essel Klaus
Published: December 2016

Ergebnisse von Zerspanbarkeitsuntersuchungen an unlegierten und niedriglegierten Stählen (Ck 45 mit rd. 0,45% C, 16 MnCr 5 mit rd. 0,16% C, 0,3% Si, 1% Mn und 0,8% Cr und 42 CrMo 4 mit rd. 0,45% C, 0,35% Si, 0,7% Mn, 1,2% Cr und 0,2% Mo) mit Hartmetalldrehwerkzeugen der Zerspanungs‐Anwendungsgruppe P 15. Entwicklung eines neuen Kurzprüfverfahrens zur Bewertung der Zerspanbarkeit von Stählen auf der Grundlage des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Zerspanbarkeitskennwert V30 VB = 0,3 mm und dem zeitlichen Vorschubkraftanstieg. Möglichkeit der Festlegung einer Zerspanbarkeitsrangfolge von Stählen sowie der Einordnung von Hartmetallschneidstoffen hinsichtlich ihres Verschleißwiderstandes.
Untersuchung und Beeinflussung des dynamischen Verhaltens eines zur Kraftmessung in eine Zugprüfmaschine eingebauten selbstabgleichenden Kompensators
Authors: Kravčenko Vasil
Published: December 2016

Notwendigkeit der Kenntnis des dynamischen Verhaltens von zur Kraftmessung beim Zugversuch einzusetzenden Kompensatoren. Das Sprungantwort‐Verfahren als das am einfachsten anzuwendende Untersuchungsverfahren. Aufbau und Wirkungsweise eines selbstabgleichenden Kompensators. Einfluß der Sprunghöhe, der Netzspannung, der Ansprechempfindlichkeit, der elektrischen Rückführung, der Wirbelstromdämpfung, des eingestellten Kraftanzeigebereiches und der Art der Eingabe der Sprungfunktion auf die Sprungantwort.
Wasserstoffdiffusion in flüssigem Eisen und seinen Legierungen mit Chrom, Mangan, Nickel und Silicium
Authors: Bester Horst , Lange Klaus W.
Published: December 2016

Verknüpfung einer analytischen Näherungslösung zur Beschreibung der Strömung im Tiegel mit der Differentialgleichung für konvektive Diffusion. Berechnung von Wasserstoffdiffusionskoeffizienten aus Messungen der Stoffübergangskoeffizienten von Wasserstoff und Stickstoff an schwach bewegten Eisenschmelzen in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Legierungsgehalt. Ermittlung der charakteristischen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit U0.
Inhomogene Deformationsvorgänge in der anrißfreien Ermüdungsphase unlegierter Stähle
Authors: Pilo Daniel , Reik Wolfgang , Mayr Peter , Macherauch Eckard
Published: December 2016

Zug‐Druck‐Wechselversuche an unlegierten normalgeglühten Stählen mit 0,1 bis 1,15%C. Ermittlung der Wechselverformungskurven. Spannungsoptische Untersuchung während der Ermüdungsbeanspruchung. Inhomogene plastische Deformation. Ausbreitung von Ermüdungs‐Lüders‐Bändern. Bewertung des Wechselverformungsverhaltens während der Wechselver‐ und ‐entfestigung.
Röntgenographische Elastizitätskonstanten von Stählen bei ein‐ und zweiachsiger Zugbeanspruchung in Abhängigkeit von der plastischen Dehnung
Authors: Dölle Heiner , Hauk Viktor , Kloth Henk , Over Helmut , Wichert Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

Es wird über die Ermittlung von röntgenographischen Elastizitätskonstanten, REK, berichtet, die unter Anwendung des sin2 ‐Verfahrens an einachsig zugbelasteten Flachproben und Rohrprüfkörpern unter statischem Innendruck aus drei Stählen gewonnen wurden. Der Einfluß plastischer Verformung auf die REK wurde untersucht. Bei den Rohrprüfkörpern wurde sowohl in als auch senkrecht zur Hauptdehnungsrichtung gemessen.
Untersuchung der Abreißbedingungen von Flüssigkeitstropfen durch einen auf eine Flüssigkeitsoberfläche auftreffenden Gasstrahl
Authors: Kleppe Werner , Oeters Franz
Published: December 2016

Definition der Abreißbedingung durch das Kräftegleichgewicht am Flüssigkeitswulst. Messung der Gasgeschwindigkeit und der gasseitigen Grenzschichtdicke im Eindellungskrater. Daraus Berechnung der Reibungskraft sowie Berechnung der Schwerkraft und der Trägheitskraft. Ermittlung des kritischen Blaszustandes für den Beginn der Tropfenbildung und Vergleich mit Meßergebnissen. Abschätzung der versprühten Eisenmenge im Sauerstoffaufblaskonverter.
Eigenspannungsuntersuchungen im Turbinen‐ und Generatorenbau
Authors: Wolf Helmut , Stücker Erwin , Nowack Heinz
Published: December 2016

Anwendung des Ring‐Kern‐Verfahrens zur Messung von Eigenspannungen. Grundgleichung und Meßanordnung. Näherungsmethode mit konstantem Δz = 0,5 mm. Eigenspannungsauslösung durch tangentiales Einstechen von Nuten. Bearbeitungsspannungen und Eigenspannungen durch Kaltverfestigung von Oberflächenschichten. Eigenspannungsverteilung in Plattierungen und an Turbinenscheiben.
Zerstörungskinetik des technisch reinen Eisens bei Kavitationsbeanspruchung
Authors: Erdmann‐Jesnitzer Friedrich , Louis Hartmut , Matsumura Masonobu
Published: December 2016

Beschreibung einer Versuchseinrichtung zur Simulierung erosionsintensiver Kavitationsbeanspruchung. Veränderung des technisch reinen Eisens durch implodierende Kavitationsblasen während der Inkubationsperiode und im Spätstadium der Schädigung, Hinweise für Erhöhung des Kavitationswiderstandes.
Anwendung von Körperschallmessungen zur Ermittlung der Durchgasung an einem Hochofenmodell
Authors: Kaesemann Klaus
Published: December 2016

Problematik von Durchbläsern am Hochofen. Theorie der Schallentstehung durch Hohlraumbildung in Schüttsäulen. Abschätzung der zu erwartenden Ergebnisse. Modellversuche. Ermittlung der Körperschallfunktionen für Füllkörpersäulen mit unterschiedlichen Schüttgütern. Frequenzanalyse und Überprüfung der Modellergebnisse durch Vergleich mit der Luftschalldämmzahl an Zylindern.
Elementarer Ansatz zur Beschreibung des orthotropen kompressiblen plastischen Fließens unter Berücksichtigung des Bauschinger‐Effekts
Authors: Betten Josef
Published: December 2016

Plastisches Potential, Fließbedingung und Stoffgleichungen orthotroper kompressibler Werkstoffe. Volumendilatation, plastische Querzahlen und R‐Wert. Zahlenbeispiele.
Temperaturerhöhung bei der plastischen Verformung von ungekerbten und gekerbten Zugproben eines Baustahls
Authors: Koropp Joachim , Kochendörfer Albert
Published: December 2016

Unterschied zwischen der anfänglichen Prüftemperatur und Probentemperatur infolge der Temperaturerhöhung durch die Verformungswärme. Messung der Temperaturerhöhung in Abhängigkeit von der Prüftemperatur und der Prüfgeschwindigkeit durch Thermoelemente und bei Raumtemperatur zusätzlich durch eine Infrarot‐Fernsehkamera in ungekerbten und gekerbten Zugproben eines Baustahls RSt 37‐2. Filmaufnahmen des Probenprofils zur Ermittlung der örtlichen Verformungen und der Dichte der Wärmequellen. Lösungen der Wärmeleitungsgleichung von isothermen bis adiabatischen Versuchsbedingungen. Hinweis auf die qualitativ andersartigen Verhältnisse bei Kunststoffen.
Verbesserung des Biegewechselverhaltens eines kugelgestrahlten 16 MnCr 5 durch Oberflächennachbehandlung
Authors: Schreiber Reinhard , Wohlfahrt Helmut , Macherauch Eckard
Published: December 2016

Kugelstrahlen einsatz‐ und blindgehärteter Proben aus 16 MnCr 5. Elektrolytisches Abtragen von Oberflächenschichten bei kugelgestrahlten Proben. Abtrageinfluß auf das Biegewechselverhalten. Erfassung und Bewertung abtragbedingter Eigenspannungs‐ und Rauhigkeitsänderungen.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen siliciumhaltiger Auflageschichten auf Nickellegierungen
Authors: Fitzer Erich , Nowak Wolfgang , Mäurer Heinz‐Joachim
Published: December 2016

Allgemeine Verfahren zur Aufbringung siliciumhaltiger Schutzschichten. Entwicklung eines neuen Beschichtungsverfahrens über einen Reaktionssinterprozeß unlegierter Auflageschichten. Einfluß der Schicht‐ und Substratzusammensetzung auf die chemische Kompatibilität des gesamten Schichtverbundes. Studium der Wirkung von Zwischenschichten auf die Reaktivität von siliciumreichen Auflageschichten auf Nickellegierungen. Vergleichende Kurzzeit‐ (Thermowaage) und Langzeitoxidationstests (Brennergas) bei 1000°C.
Rationalisierung des Projektierens und Konstruierens komplexer technischer Systeme
Authors: Baumann Hans G.
Published: December 2016

Einteilung und Entstehung technischer Systeme. Systematisches Projektieren und Konstruieren der Systeme. Hauptschritte und Vorgehen bei systematischer Arbeitsweise. Rationalisierungsergebnisse.
The flow behaviour of structural steels at large plastic zones with respect to a geometry‐independent presentation
Authors: Kochendörfer Albert
Published: December 2016

Experiments with 2CT specimens of a structural steel St 37‐2 with different ratios a/W. Dependence of the normalized crack tipdisplacement σgy/a∊gy at general yielding on a/W and comparison with theoretical results. Shape of the normalized flow curve (σ/σgy)2 versus σ/σgy on the basis of the present results and of experimental and theoretical results from the literature. Conclusions for the calculation of the load‐displacement curves by use of the geometric parameters and the uniaxial yield stress.
Kennzeichnende Teilabschnitte der Entkohlungsreaktion beim O2‐Aufblasen auf Fe‐C‐Schmelzen
Authors: Koch Klaus , Fix Wolfdietrich , Valentin Peter
Published: December 2016

Reaktionen während des Anlaufs. Brennfleckentkohlung während des linearen Abfalls. Schematische Temperaturprofile durch den Reaktionsraum. Modellvorstellungen zu den Vorgängen im Blasstrahl. Badentkohlung während des Auslaufs.
Schmelzen von Eisenschwamm mit Brennerflammen
Authors: Wenzel Werner , Gudenau Heinrich‐Wilhelm , Mey Klaus‐Peter
Published: December 2016

Erörterung der Rückoxidationsprobleme beim Einschmelzen von Eisenschwamm mit Rauchgasen aus fossilen Brennstoffen. Erwärmen und Schmelzen unter isothermen und simulierten Bedingungen im Schachtofen. Diskussion von Schutzmaßnahmen und Vorstellen von Versuchsergebnissen zur Verhinderung der Rückoxidation.
Approximation eines Blockes durch einen äquivalenten Zylinder bei der Temperaturfeldberechnung
Authors: Wick Hans‐Joachim , Woelk Günther
Published: December 2016

Überführung des zweidimensionalen Wärmeleitproblems eines Blockes mit quadratischem Querschnitt in ein eindimensionales Wärmeleitproblem für einen Zylinder mit äquivalentem Querschnitt. Temperaturfeldberechnung mit zweidimensionalem Blockmodell mittels digitaler Simulation als Voraussetzung der Bestimmung der Parameter des äquivalenten Zylindermodells.
The kinetics of carburization of γ‐iron in CO‐He and CO‐H2 atmospheres at 920°C
Authors: Shatynski Stephen Robert , Grabke Hans Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Investigation of the carburization of thin iron foils in CO‐He or CO‐H2 gas mixtures at 920°C in a flow apparatus by a resistance method. Discussion of the kinetics, mechanism of the chemical surface reaction steps in the carburization. Influence of the carbon diffusion in the solid iron on the kinetics of the carburization of thick samples.
Der Einfluß der chemischen Zusammensetzung auf das Formänderungsvermögen warmfester Röhrenstähle
Authors: Dahl Winfried , Kalwa Gerhard , Winkler Peter‐Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Formänderungsvermögen warmfester Röhrenstähle. Warmzugversuche auf der Gleeble‐Apparatur. Einfluß von Aluminium, Mangan, Molybdän und Schwefel auf das Formänderungsvermögen im Temperaturbereich der Warmumformung.
Beeinflussung des Formänderungsvermögens warmfester Stähle bei der Warmumformung durch Änderung von Temperaturführung und Vorumformung
Authors: Dahl Winfried , Kalwa Gerhard , Winkler Peter‐Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Gleeble‐Untersuchungen zum Formänderungsvermögen warmfester Röhrenstähle bei der Warmumformung. Einfluß von Temperatur, Haltedauer und Abkühlgeschwindigkeit. Übertragbarkeit auf Umformverfahren.
Meßmethode und Meßgerät für die zerstörungsfreie Bestimmung der Korngröße in Tiefziehblechen und Tiefziehbändern aus Stahl
Authors: Tiitto Seppo , Otala Matti , Säynajäkangas Seppo
Published: December 2016

Ein Prinzip für automatische, zerstörungsfreie Ermittlung der Korngröße von Tiefziehstählen wird zusammen mit dem im Handel erhältlichen Laboratoriumsgerät, das sich auf dieses Prinzip stützt, beschrieben. Die in einigen Stahlwerken durchgeführten umfassenden Messungen der Korrelation zwischen magnetisch und optisch ermittelten Korngrößen werden beschrieben. Einige wichtige Gesichtspunkte hinsichtlich der Bedienung des Gerätes werden besprochen.
Entwicklung und Aussagen eines instrumentierten Einspann‐Schweißversuchs
Authors: Hoffmeister Hans , Nölle Peter , Schimmel Peter
Published: December 2016

Bedeutung des schweißbedingten zeitlichen Verlaufs der Reaktionskräfte in allen drei Richtungen für die Schweißeignung von Stählen. Entwicklung und Aussagemöglichkeiten des instrumentierten Einspannschweißversuchs. Erste Ergebnisse zum Einfluß der Schweißzeit und Blechdicke auf Reaktionskräfte und plastische Formänderungen von Heftschweißverbindungen des Werkstoffs St 37‐1.
Die Reaktion zwischen Kieselsäure und Tonerde in kohlenstoffdesoxidierter Eisenschmelze
Authors: Hauck Federico , Markert Jürgen , Pötschke Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Problemstellung. Beschreibung des gravimetrischen und elektrochemischen Meßverfahrens und der Versuchsdurchführung. Erörterung der Ergebnisse zur Kieselsäureauflösung bei hohen und niedrigen Sauerstoffanfangsgehalten und der Einwirkung des Tonerdetiegels.
Untersuchungen zur interkristallinen Spannungsrißkorrosion unlegierter Stähle in Calciumnitratlösungen
Authors: Schneider Manfred , Kessler Karlheinz Jean , Kaesche Helmut
Published: December 2016

Stationäre Stromdichte‐Spannung‐Kurven eines unlegierten Stahles St 36 in siedender, konzentrierter Calciumnitratlösung an lastfreien und an zugbeanspruchten Proben. Drei verschiedene Versuchsvarianten. Reproduzierbarkeit der Stromdichte‐Spannung‐Kurven von Versuchsführung abhängig. Bestätigung sowohl der Existenz eines Korngrenzendurchbruchspotentials als auch dessen Verschiebung zu negativeren Potentialen beim Aufbringen von äußeren Zugspannungen. Neben interkristalliner Korrosion auch gleichzeitig interkristalline Spannungsrißkorrosion. Beide Korrosionsarten sind beim vorliegenden System gut voneinander unterscheidbar. Stahl geht bei 0,7 σB außenstromlos zu Bruch.
Einfluß von Wärmebehandlungen auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit
Authors: Gahr Karl‐Heinz Zum , Wagner Lothar
Published: December 2016

Gezielte thermische Behandlung zur Änderung des Sekundärgefüges. Licht‐ und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Gefügeuntersuchungen. Zug‐ und Bruchmechanikversuche. Verbesserung der Bruchzähigkeit und der Eigenschaften im einachsigen Zugversuch gegenüber dem perlitischen Ausgangsgefüge. Auswahl günstiger Eigenschaftskombinationen zur Erleichterung konstruktiver Anwendungen.
Diabetes awareness, treatment, control rates and associated risk factors among Beijing residents in 2011: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Feng Bao‐Yu , Huang Chen , Cao Jie , Dong Zhong , Liu Fang‐Chao , Ji Li‐Nong , Yang Jin‐Kui , Li Gang , Li Jian‐Xin , Yang Xue‐Li , Xie Jin , Fang Kai , Huang Jian‐Feng , Gu Dong‐Feng
Published: December 2016

Objective

To examine the awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes and identify their associated risk factors among Beijing residents.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2011, using a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method to select a representative sample of 20,242 residents in Beijing aged 18–79 years. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or history of diabetes and/or using insulin or hypoglycemic agents. All estimates of awareness, treatment and control rates were weighted by the 2010 Beijing Population Census data and the sampling scheme. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with awareness, treatment and control rates.

Results

A total of 2061 (10.3%) participants were diagnosed as diabetes. The overall awareness, treatment and control rate among patients were 60.9%, 51.3% and 22.4%, respectively, while overall control rate among treated patients was 33.8%. These rates differed across subgroups. Women were more likely to be aware of diabetes status, receive treatment and have better glucose controlled than men (69.5% vs. 54.7% for awareness, 61.0% vs. 44.3% for treatment, and 27.6% vs. 18.6% for control, respectively). In addition, only 22.2% of treated patients had both FBG and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) controlled well. Multivariate Logistic regression suggested that old age, women, higher education and family history of diabetes were associated with higher awareness, treatment and control rates (All P < 0.05). Treated individuals living in rural (OR = 0.67(95%CI: 0.47–0.96)) or with dyslipidemia (OR = 0.63 (95%CI: 0.44–0.91)) had a lower diabetic control rate.

Conclusions

Awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes in Beijing were still low. A comprehensive intervention strategy on diabetes management and control is warranted.
Trend forecasting: Collecting the history of the future
Authors: Ballmer Amy , Tobias Jennifer
Published: December 2016

How do art and design libraries collect the history of the future? Trend forecasting literature presents exactly that challenge. These multifaceted print and digital publications, issued regularly and expensively by a handful of companies, are held by few libraries even as they influence everything from womenswear to computer games. We examine how libraries collect these materials and consider their role in the broader information landscape.

First, we historically situate forecasting, looking to origins in colour charts, trade catalogues and international communications. Next, we look at the post-war institutionalization of trend forecasting, describing its role in the consolidation of a consumer-oriented supply chain.

With the Fashion Institute of Technology as the case study, we then examine forecasting in context: how faculty incorporate it into pedagogy, how students engage with the materials and how librarians integrate critical thinking and information literacy into instruction. Practical matters such as cost, housing, long-term archiving and access are also addressed.

We conclude with a forecast of forecasting, examining its move to digital formats and the challenge of meeting pedagogical needs that are at once rigorous (as accreditation demands) and creative (as schools promise), reflecting the mash-up wonder of today's fashion discourse.
Exploring fashion and modernity in the invoices of Edward Livingston, 1891–1917
Authors: Stein Julia Lipkins
Published: December 2016

On January 5th, 1903, Mrs. A.M. Dunstan, a designer and dressmaker with an eponymous store on 34th Street, sold a $370 green velvet coat with matching bodice to Clarisse Livingston, a New York socialite. This information, captured from a household invoice within the Edward Livingston papers at the New York Public Library, reveals more than pecuniary data about the sale of clothing at the turn of the century; rather, the invoice contains complex metadata about the relationships between modernity, fashion, and group identity. This paper describes the processes and results of a preliminary study of fashion-related invoices from the Livingston papers and seeks to demonstrate that invoices are a rich, yet often overlooked source of cultural data.
Case study on cataloguing fashion adaptations
Authors: Idacavage Sara , Swadosh Jeanne
Published: December 2016

The Herbert Sondheim, Inc. scrapbooks in the New School Archives and Special Collections document the activities of a notable early to mid-20th-century New York-based manufacturer of ready-to-wear women's fashions. A precursor to the contemporary fast fashion industry, Sondheim's employees sketched and kept detailed notes on materials and construction of garments produced by Parisian designers, which the firm then adapted into more affordable and easily obtainable apparel for American consumers. A retrospective visual materials cataloguing project resulting from a graduate student's interest in the collection led to the online availability of over 1200 sketches of fashion adaptations and challenged archives staff to develop appropriate descriptive metadata for a fragmented, ambiguous and complex documentary record.
From runway to platform: The creation of a digital fashion photography archive
Authors: Earle Kathryn
Published: December 2016

In 2011, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc purchased a fashion photography archive with over 750,000 images from runway photographer Niall McInerney, with the aim of digitizing it for the educational market. The archive spans the period from the late 1970s through to 2000, before the rise of digital photography. It includes many rare images – backstage and street style as well as runway. Bloomsbury recently completed the three-and-a-half-year digitization project, and is in the process of indexing the images for digital deployment as part of Bloomsbury Fashion Central, which will also include the Berg Fashion Library and Fairchild Books content. This article looks at the drivers behind the purchase of the archive, the challenges it presented and the logic of partnerships with other possible content providers.
SIMPLE CONTINUITY INEQUALITIES FOR RUIN PROBABILITY IN THE CLASSICAL RISK MODEL-CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Gordienko Evgueni , Vázquez-Ortega Patricia
Published: December 2016

In Gordienko and Vázquez-Ortega (2016) page 801, the following reference was listed incorrectly: Yu, M.A. (2005) Sensitivity and convergence of uniformly ergodic Markov chains. Journal of Applied Probabilities, 42, 1003–1014. It should have instead been listed as: Mitrophanov, A. Yu. (2005) Sensitivity and convergence of uniformly ergodic Markov chains. Journal of Applied Probability, 42, 1003–1014.

We sincerely regret the error and any problems that have resulted for the authors and readers.
Positive correlation between regional emergency medical resources and
mortality in severely injured patients: results from the Korean National Hospital
Discharge In-depth Survey
Authors: Lee Hyo Jung , Ju Yeong Jun , Park Eun-Cheol
Published: December 2016

Objectives

In South Korea, injury is a public health problem due to its high
incidence and high mortality. To improve emergency medical systems, the
government announced plans to increase the emergency medical resources for each
region. This study investigated the association between regional emergency
medical resources and mortality during hospitalization in severely injured
inpatients.

Methods

To analyse mortality for severely injured inpatients, we used the Korean
National Hospital Discharge In-depth Survey data, consisting of 18,621
hospitalizations from 2005-2012. Generalized estimating equations were analysed
to examine the association between mortality during hospitalization and both
individual and regional variables.

Results

Mortality during hospitalization occurred in 913 (4.9%) cases. Patients in
regions with a higher number of emergency departments (odds ratio [OR]=0.94,
95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-0.98), a higher number of ambulances
(OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99), and a higher number of registered nurses per
emergency department (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.94) had a lower risk of mortality
during hospitalization.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that regional emergency medical resources are
associated with a lower risk of mortality during hospitalization in severely
injured patients. Thus, health care policymakers need to determine the proper
distribution of emergency medical resources for each region and the function of
emergency departments to provide a superior quality of emergency medical
services to patients.
On the threshold for wave breaking of two-dimensional deep water wave groups in the absence and presence of wind
Authors: Saket Arvin , Peirson William L. , Banner Michael L. , Barthelemy Xavier , Allis Michael J.
Published: December 2016

The threshold for the onset of breaking proposed by Barthelemy et al. (arXiv:1508.06002v1, 2015) has been investigated in the laboratory for unidirectional wave groups in deep water and extended to include different classes of wave groups and moderate wind forcing. Thermal image velocimetry was used to compare measurements of the wave crest point (maximum elevation and also the point of maximum) surface water particle velocity ($U_{s}$) with the wave crest point speed ($C$) determined by an array of closely spaced wave gauges. The crest point surface energy flux ratio$B_{x}=U_{s}/C$that distinguishes maximum recurrence from marginal breaking was found to be$0.840\pm 0.016$. Increasing wind forcing from zero to$U_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}/4}/C_{0}=1.42$systematically increased this threshold by 2 %. Increasing the spectral bandwidth (decreasing the Benjamin–Feir index from 0.39 to 0.31) systematically reduced the threshold by 1.5 %.
DECIDABILITY OF MODULES OVER A BÉZOUT DOMAIN
D+XQ[X] WITH
D A PRINCIPAL IDEAL DOMAIN AND Q ITS FIELD
OF FRACTIONS
Authors: PUNINSKI GENA , TOFFALORI CARLO
Published: December 2016

We describe the Ziegler spectrum of a Bézout domain
B=D+XQ[X] where
D is a principal ideal domain and Q is its
field of fractions; in particular we compute the Cantor–Bendixson rank of
this space. Using this, we prove the decidability of the theory of
B-modules when D is
“sufficiently” recursive.
LEVI-UMBILICAL REAL HYPERSURFACES IN A COMPLEX SPACE FORM
Authors: CHO JONG TAEK , KIMURA MAKOTO
Published: December 2016

We give a classification of Levi-umbilical real hypersurfaces in a complex space form$\widetilde{M}_{n}(c)$,$n\geqslant 3$, whose Levi form is proportional to the induced metric by a nonzero constant. In a complex projective plane$\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{2}$, we give a local construction of such hypersurfaces and moreover, we give new examples of Levi-flat real hypersurfaces in$\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{2}$.
Host–microbiome interactions in human type 2 diabetes following prebiotic fibre (galacto-oligosaccharide) intake
Authors: Pedersen Camilla , Gallagher Edith , Horton Felicity , Ellis Richard J. , Ijaz Umer Z. , Wu Huihai , Jaiyeola Etana , Diribe Onyinye , Duparc Thibaut , Cani Patrice D. , Gibson Glenn R. , Hinton Paul , Wright John , La Ragione Roberto , Robertson M. Denise
Published: December 2016

Aberrant microbiota composition and function have been linked to several pathologies, including type 2 diabetes. In animal models, prebiotics induce favourable changes in the intestinal microbiota, intestinal permeability (IP) and endotoxaemia, which are linked to concurrent improvement in glucose tolerance. This is the first study to investigate the link between IP, glucose tolerance and intestinal bacteria in human type 2 diabetes. In all, twenty-nine men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes were randomised to a prebiotic (galacto-oligosaccharide mixture) or placebo (maltodextrin) supplement (5·5 g/d for 12 weeks). Intestinal microbial community structure, IP, endotoxaemia, inflammatory markers and glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and post intervention. IP was estimated by the urinary recovery of oral51Cr-EDTA and glucose tolerance by insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test. Intestinal microbial community analysis was performed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and quantitative PCR. Prebiotic fibre supplementation had no significant effects on clinical outcomes or bacterial abundances compared with placebo; however, changes in the bacterial family Veillonellaceae correlated inversely with changes in glucose response and IL-6 levels (r−0·90,P=0·042 for both) following prebiotic intake. The absence of significant changes to the microbial community structure at a prebiotic dosage/length of supplementation shown to be effective in healthy individuals is an important finding. We propose that concurrent metformin treatment and the high heterogeneity of human type 2 diabetes may have played a significant role. The current study does not provide evidence for the role of prebiotics in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Partnerships in Military Interventions and the Canadian Public
Authors: McLauchlin Theodore
Published: December 2016

Do Canadians’ preferences for Canada's role in the world depend on who Canada acts with and not just what Canada does? This question is particularly important in the context of overseas military intervention, which Canada never undertakes on its own. This paper presents a survey experiment measuring how support for a hypothetical peace operation changes with the leader of the mission. Missions led by the United Nations and by Canada's European allies receive more support than American-led missions do, especially among respondents who also favour peace operations for substantive reasons. The finding suggests that the UN and the European connection are alternative ways for a mission to benefit from a preference for multilateralism. While the results confirm some tension between American-led missions and internationalism, European partnerships may offer a way of reconciling an interest in alliances with the internationalist Canadian public.
Cloning in C*-Algebras
Authors: Kaniowski Krzysztof , Lubnauer Katarzyna , Łuczak Andrzej
Published: December 2016

Cloneable sets of states in C*-algebras are characterized in terms of strong orthogonality of states. Moreover, the relation between strong cloning and distinguishability of states is investigated together with some additional properties of strong cloning in abelian C*-algebras.
Differential Graded Quivers of Smooth Rational Surfaces
Authors: Bodzenta Agnieszka
Published: December 2016

LetXbe a smooth rational surface. We calculate a differential graded (DG) quiver of a full exceptional collection of line bundles onXobtained by an augmentation from a strong exceptional collection on the minimal model ofX. In particular, we calculate canonical DG algebras of smooth toric surfaces.
The Economic Origins of the Territorial State
Authors: Abramson Scott F
Published: December 2016

This paper challenges the long-standing belief that changes in patterns of war and war making caused the emergence of large territorial states. Using new data describing the universe of European states between 1100 and 1790, I find that small political units continued to thrive well into the “age of the territorial state.” Some scholars have argued that changes in the production of violence led to the dominance of geographically large political units during this era. In contrast, I find evidence that variation in patterns of economic development and urban growth caused fragmented political authority in some places and the construction of geographically large territorial states in others. Exploiting random climatic deviations in the propensity of certain geographical areas to support large populations, I show via an instrumental-variables approach that the emergence of towns and cities caused the formation of small and independent states.
Helminth parasites of finfish commercial aquaculture in Latin America
Authors: Soler-Jiménez L.C. , Paredes-Trujillo A.I. , Vidal-Martínez V.M.
Published: December 2016

Latin America has tripled production by aquaculture up to 78 million tonnes in the past 20 years. However, one of the problems that aquaculture is facing is the presence of helminth parasites and the diseases caused by them in the region. In this review we have collected all the available information on helminths affecting commercial aquaculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), emphasizing those causing serious economic losses. Monogeneans are by far the most common and aggressive parasites affecting farmed fish in LAC. They have been recognized as serious pathogens in intensive fish culture because they reach high levels of infection rapidly, and can infect other phylogenetically related fish species. The next most important group comprises the larval stages of digeneans (metacercariae) such asDiplostomumsp. andCentrocestus formosanus, which cause serious damage to farmed fish. Since LAC aquaculture has been based mainly on exotic species (tilapia, salmon, trout and carp), most of their parasites have been brought into the region together with the fish for aquaculture. Recently, one of us (A.I.P.-T.) has suggested that monogeneans, which have generally been considered to be harmless, can produce serious effects on the growth of cultured Nile tilapia. Therefore, the introduction of fish together with their ‘harmless’ parasites into new sites, regions or countries in LAC should be considered a breakdown of biosecurity in those countries involved. Therefore, the application of quarantine procedures and preventive therapeutic treatments should be considered before allowing these introductions into a country.
The role of physical variables in biodiversity patterns of intertidal macroalgae along European coasts
Authors: Puente Araceli , Guinda Xabier , Juanes Jose A. , Ramos Elvira , Echavarri-Erasun Beatriz , De La Hoz Camino F. , Degraer Steven , Kerckhof Francis , Bojanić Natalia , Rousou Maria , Orav-Kotta Helen , Kotta Jonne , Jourde Jérôme , Pedrotti Maria Luiza , Leclerc Jean-Charles , Simon Nathalie , Bachelet Guy , Lavesque Nicolas , Arvanitidis Christos , Pavloudi Christina , Faulwetter Sarah , Crowe Tasman P. , Coughlan Jennifer , Cecchi Lisandro Benedetti , Dal Bello Martina , Magni Paolo , Como Serena , Coppa Stefania , De Lucia Giuseppe Andrea , Rugins Tomas , Jankowska Emilia , Weslawski Jan Marcin , Warzocha Jan , Silva Teresa , Ribeiro Pedro , De Matos Valentina , Sousa-Pinto Isabel , Troncoso Jesús , Peleg Ohad , Rilov Gil , Espinosa Free , Ruzafa Angel Pérez , Frost Matt , Hummel Herman , Van Avesaath Pim
Published: December 2016

In the frame of the COST ACTION ‘EMBOS’ (Development and implementation of a pan-European Marine Biodiversity Observatory System), coverage of intertidal macroalgae was estimated at a range of marine stations along the European coastline (Subarctic, Baltic, Atlantic, Mediterranean). Based on these data, we tested whether patterns in macroalgal diversity and distribution along European intertidal rocky shores could be explained by a set of meteo-oceanographic variables. The variables considered were salinity, sea surface temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, significant wave height and tidal range and were compiled from three different sources: remote sensing, reanalysis technique and in situ measurement. These variables were parameterized to represent average conditions (mean values), variability (standard deviation) and extreme events (minimum and maximum values). The results obtained in this study contribute to reinforce the EMBOS network approach and highlight the necessity of considering meteo-oceanographic variables in long-term assessments. The broad spatial distribution of pilot sites has allowed identification of latitudinal and longitudinal gradients manifested through species composition, diversity and dominance structure of intertidal macroalgae. These patterns follow a latitudinal gradient mainly explained by sea surface temperature, but also by photosynthetically active radiation, salinity and tidal range. Additionally, a longitudinal gradient was also detected and could be linked to wave height.
An appraisal of the taxonomy and nomenclature of trypanosomatids presently classified as Leishmania and Endotrypanum
Authors: ESPINOSA O. A. , SERRANO M. G. , CAMARGO E. P. , TEIXEIRA M. M. G. , SHAW J. J.
Published: December 2016

We propose a taxonomic revision of the dixenous trypanosomatids currently classified as Endotrypanum and Leishmania, including parasites that do not fall within the subgenera L. (Leishmania) and L. (Viannia) related to human leishmaniasis or L. (Sauroleishmania) formed by leishmanias of lizards: L. colombiensis, L. equatorensis, L. herreri, L. hertigi, L. deanei, L. enriettii and L. martiniquensis. The comparison of these species with newly characterized isolates from sloths, porcupines and phlebotomines from central and South America unveiled new genera and subgenera supported by past (RNA PolII gene) and present (V7V8 SSU rRNA, Hsp70 and gGAPDH) phylogenetic analyses of the organisms. The genus Endotrypanum is restricted to Central and South America, comprising isolates from sloths and transmitted by phlebotomines that sporadically infect humans. This genus is the closest to the new genus Porcisia proposed to accommodate the Neotropical porcupine parasites originally described as L. hertigi and L. deanei. A new subgenus Leishmania (Mundinia) is created for the L. enriettii complex that includes L. martiniquensis. The new genus Zelonia harbours trypanosomatids from Neotropical hemipterans placed at the edge of the Leishmania–Endotrypanum-Porcisia clade. Finally, attention is drawn to the status of L. siamensis and L. australiensis as nomem nudums.
Leishmaniasis and various immunotherapeutic approaches
Authors: TASLIMI Y. , ZAHEDIFARD F. , RAFATI S.
Published: December 2016

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by multipleLeishmania(L.) species with diverse clinical manifestations. There is currently no vaccine against any form of the disease approved in humans, and chemotherapy is the sole approach for treatment. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited to a small number of drugs, partly due to high cost and significant adverse effects. The other obstacle in leishmaniasis treatment is the potential for drug resistance, which has been observed in multiple endemic countries. Immunotherapy maybe another important avenue for controlling leishmaniasis and could help patients control the disease. There are different approaches for immunotherapy in different infectious diseases, generally with low-cost, limited side-effects and no possibility to developing resistance. In this paper, different immunotherapy approaches as alternatives to routine drug treatment will be reviewed against leishmaniasis.
A collaborative model of petitionary prayer
Authors: DI MUZIO GIANLUCA
Published: December 2016

Petitionary prayer appears pointless in light of divine attributes like omniscience, omnipotence, and omnibenevolence. Several philosophers have attempted to reinstate the significance of petitionary prayer by drawing attention to its indirect benefits. The article analyses the shortcomings in this strategy and defends a different solution to the difficulty. Conceiving of God as motivated by the desire to form a loving partnership with human beings allows one to formulate a collaborative account of petitionary prayer. On this model, God freely chooses to accede to some human requests in order to incorporate human desires and projects into His plan for the world.
The metaphysics of belief: a Wittgenstein and Collingwood convergence
Authors: GILMAN JAMES E.
Published: December 2016

In this article I make plausible ‘a metaphysics of belief’ by showing how Collingwood's metaphysics of absolute presuppositions helps us understand various comments and fragments by Wittgenstein regarding ‘the metaphysical subject’. For both, metaphysical beliefs are presuppositional; as such, they constitute twin foci – a terminus ad quem and a terminus a quo – without which the activity of thinking rationally, scientifically, and morally is impossible. Finally, although for both philosophers metaphysical beliefs are not susceptible to conventional modes of explanation, justification, and verification, both seem to suggest in various ways that metaphysical beliefs are nevertheless susceptible to a certain kind of ‘practical’ justification.
Narratives of “Sodomy” and “Unnatural Offenses” in the Courts of Mandate Palestine (1918–48)
Authors: Darr Orna Alyagon
Published: December 2016

Sixteen-year-old Acre resident Mustafa Naif, suspected of having sex with another man, stated before the police investigator on June 30, 1943, “I know Mustafa Zaharan and is my friend and mate, I used to love him and he used to love me, and that this man had a sexual intercourse with me twice with my consent and free will, because he loves me and I love him.”1 By the time of his trial, approximately a month later, Mustafa Naif must have realized this was the “wrong” story to tell. He recanted his statement and denied knowing Mustafa Zaharan or having anything to do with him. His denial might have been another manifestation of love, as an admission of guilt would have led to his friend's conviction on a sex offense. For his lover's sake, then, Mustafa Naif might have renounced his original romantic version. Indeed, his friend was acquitted as a result of the contradictory statements; however, Mustafa Naif was charged with perjury and was convicted after pleading guilty.
The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications
Authors: Campagna Giovanna , Pesce Mirko , Tatangelo Raffaella , Rizzuto Alessia , La Fratta Irene , Grilli Alfredo
Published: December 2016

The aim of the paper is to show the various neurological and psychiatric symptoms in coeliac disease (CD). CD is a T cell-mediated, tissue-specific autoimmune disease which affects genetically susceptible individuals after dietary exposure to proline- and glutamine-rich proteins contained in certain cereal grains. Genetics, environmental factors and different immune systems, together with the presence of auto-antigens, are taken into account when identifying the pathogenesis of CD. CD pathogenesis is related to immune dysregulation, which involves the gastrointestinal system, and the extra-intestinal systems such as the nervous system, whose neurological symptoms are evidenced in CD patients. A gluten-free diet (GFD) could avoid cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, neuropathies, migraine and mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, untreated CD patients have more symptoms and psychiatric co-morbidities than those treated with a GFD. Common psychiatric symptoms in untreated CD adult patients include depression, apathy, anxiety, and irritability and schizophrenia is also common in untreated CD. Several studies show improvement in psychiatric symptoms after the start of a GFD. The present review discusses the state of the art regarding neurological and psychiatric complications in CD and highlights the evidence supporting a role for GFD in reducing neurological and psychiatric complications.
Diet quality and its relationship with central obesity among Mexican Americans: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2012
Authors: Yoshida Yilin , Scribner Richard , Chen Liwei , Broyles Stephanie , Phillippi Stephen , Tseng Tung-Sung
Published: December 2016

Objective

Using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), the present study aimed to examine diet quality and the impact of overall diet quality and its components on central obesity among Mexican-American men and women.

Design

Cross-sectional data from NHANES 1999–2012 were used. The HEI-2010 data, including twelve components for a total score of 100, were collected with a 24 h recall interview. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men. Weighted logistic regressions were performed to assess associations between HEI-2010 scores and central obesity.

Setting

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2012.

Subjects

A total of 6847 Mexican Americans aged ≥20 years with reliable dietary recall status and non-pregnancy status.

Results

Higher HEI-2010 total score was associated with lower odds of central obesity in Mexican-American men (OR; 95 % CI=0·98; 0·98, 1·00). Among all Mexican Americans, one-unit higher score of total fruit and sodium (i.e. lower level of intake) was associated with 4 % (0·96; 0·93, 0·99) and 2 % (0·98; 0·96, 0·99) lower odds of central obesity, respectively. However, a higher total proteins score was associated with higher odds of central obesity (1·08; 1·00, 1·16). In gender-specific analyses, a higher whole fruit or sodium score was inversely associated with central obesity in men but not in women.

Conclusions

HEI-2010 scores of total fruit and sodium were inversely associated with central obesity among all Mexican Americans. However, total proteins score and central obesity was positively associated. In Mexican-American men, HEI-2010 total and whole fruit scores were inversely associated with central obesity.
Cosmopolitan recognition: three vignettes
Authors: Brincat Shannon
Published: December 2016

This paper examines recognition in the cosmopolitan sphere of recognition – a sphere of ethical life and social freedom formed in the processes of recognition between individuals and groups across, over, and beyond, the state. The paper contends that Axel Honneth’s recognition theory can overcome many of the limitations inherent to established cosmopolitan paradigms, and, through normative reconstruction, provide a unique methodological framework from which existing cosmopolitan social relations can be examined. This will provide the foundations for arelationalcosmopolitanism. The paper argues that only a form of mutual recognition that satisfies both local and cosmopolitan ties of political community could adequately secure the intersubjective conditions necessitated in the Hegelian, ontological notion of freedom (freedom as ‘being at home with oneself in one’s other’). This contention is pursued through three interrelated arguments: (i) an engagement with Honneth’s analysis of the intersubjective conditions necessary for leading a ‘good’ or ‘successful’ life through mutual recognition; (ii) deploying the method of normative reconstruction to identify social freedoms in the cosmopolitan sphere, and; (iii) by exploring the existence of cosmopolitan recognition as a unique form of personal relations, an extension of rights in transnational civil society, and, as a unique form of solidarity in an emergent cosmopolitan public sphere.