bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ultrastructural Investigation of Spermiogenesis and Sperm Structure in Asian Warty Newt (Paramesotriton chinensis)
Authors: Yang Zihui , Mei Yiyun , Xia Liang , Yao Shenghao , Chen Cangsong , Yang Jia
Published: December 2024

Background: The Asian warty newt is a rare amphibian species endemic to China and is listed as a second-class national protected wild animal. This study observes the spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of the Asian warty newt and explores the relationship between structure and function, elucidating the male reproductive biology of this rare amphibian at the cellular and molecular levels. Methods: The collected samples were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and stored at 4°C. The corresponding electron microscope samples were prepared respectively. The spermiogenesis and ultrastructure changes of spermatids were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the morphology and structure of sperms were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Result: During spermiogenesis, the morphology and structure of spermatids undergo significant changes, ultimately forming mature sperm with highly condensed chromatin, an elongated nucleus and structures such as the acrosome and tail. The sperm ultrastructure of the Asian warty newt is divided into the head, neck and tail: the head is slender with an acrosome hook; the neck is short and not prominent; and the tail is divided into the middle piece, principal piece and end piece. The study found that certain structural features of the sperm are related to its fertilization method and reproductive habits and its morphological structure shares some common characteristics with the sperm of the Salamandridae family.
THE SHALLOW WATERS OF EVIL – ARENDT AND KANT
Authors: BOUTLAS GEORGE
Published: December 2024

In The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) Hannah Arendt will introduce a concept of radical evil as an historical appearance of something “we actually have nothing to fall back on in order to understand, a phenomenon that confronts us with its overpowering reality and breaks down all standards we know”. Arendt will not insist on her initial conception of radical evil and in her book Eichmann in Jerusalem a Report on the Banality of Evil (1963), the radical evil will be replaced by the banality of evil. According to this last view “evil is a surface phenomenon, and instead of being radical, it is merely extreme”, is “thought defying,” and that is its “banality.” Only the good has depth and can be radical. Arendt contrasts this banality with her own former conception of radical evil as also with Kant’s conception of radical evil (the latter wrongly in our opinion). In this paper, we will try to show the conceptual closeness between the banality of evil in Arendt and radical evil in Kant, as well as the radicality of good in Arendt as equal to the acquisition of good character in Kant’s Religion. Henry Allison claims that “Kant, by ‘radical evil’, does not mean a particular, especially perverse, form of evil but rather the root or ground of the very possibility of all moral evil.” In Kant, radical evil is deflationed from political and religious empirical elements. The term seems to be an olive branch which Kant offers to the church and the doctrine of original sin which he deconstructs in Religion as meaningless in time while he accepts its limited value in reason (morally). Evil for Kant is something that simply exists in the radix of our choices, as a propensity, the same as good does. Kantian radical evil acquires the banal aspect of evil character. For Kant, Eichmann has an evil heart the same way a thief has it. That’s why it is the Arendtian banality of evil that comes closer to Kantian radical evil. On the other hand, good heart for Kant demands our struggle to acquire it. That’s why the radicality of good in Arendt seems to be on a par with the acquisition of good heart in Kant.
TALESOVO PREDVIĐANJE POMRAČENJA SUNCA
Authors: MARIĆ DAMIR
Published: December 2024

Svjedočanstva iz antike kažu da je Tales iz Mileta predvidio pomračenje Sunca. Mnogi stručnjaci tvrde da se to pomračenje dogodilo 28. 5. 585. godine p. n. e., te se ovaj datum često označava kao početak grčke filozofije i znanosti. U ovo se predviđanje pomračenje Sunca može opravdano sumnjati. Međutim, ako je istina da je Tales predvidio pomračenje Sunca, postavlja se pitanje je li on našao način za predviđanje pomračenja ili je poznavao astronomiju starijih civilizacija. U ovom tekstu će se ispitati je li Tales predvidio pomračenje Sunca i, ako jeste, koju metodu je koristio.
BIOETIKA KAO VRSTA PRIMENJENE ETIKE
Authors: DONEV DEJAN
Published: December 2024

„Prirodni“ svet u kojem u ovom trenutku živimo je sve više pod obeležjem ljudskog delovanja i njegovih dela, tako da on postaje puno širi i složeniji od ranijih epoha istorije. To donosi i potpuno nova i kontroverzna moralna i etička pitanja. Zbog toga, sve veći je zahtev da se od etike kao nauke traži da ponudi odgovore na otvorena moralna pitanja vremena. Od nje se traži da se više interdisciplinarno protegne u mnoga područja ljudske delatnosti. Tako se i rodila potreba za primenjenim aspektima etike, posebice za bioetikom, kao moralnim razmišljanjem i vrednovanjem života i svega onoga što se odnosi i upućuje na život. Radi se o jednoj interdisciplinarnoj oblasti istraživanja i ekspertiza o odgovornosti čoveka u zaštiti života, svih životnih formi i zdravlja. Ali i više od toga! „Rađanje bioetike“ zahteva i traži „ozbiljnost ljudi ispred velikih pitanja naših prirodnih osnova“. Bioetika se stavlja u službu „usmerenja ljudi da stvaraju i vode čist i dobar život, i da ih podstiče da se angažuju u unapređenju vitalnih osnova ljudskog postojanja.“ Članak razrađuje njen predmet, zadatak i ciljeve, te na taj način pokušava opravdati njen veliki značaj u ovom dobu naučne indolentnosti, tj. zašto je bioetika postala osnova za univerzalizaciju savremene etike, kao njena težnja ka sveobuhvatnosti, ka onom što je jedinstveno i vredno za celi ljudski rod.
END OF LIFE PERSPECTIVES IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT ERA: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH
Authors: KARAMATZIANI ELINA K. , ZANOU MARIA , CHORIANOPOULOU MARIA K.
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to link and compare two different conceptions of death during the Enlightenment era with contemporary bioethical concerns. Eugenios Voulgaris integrates his understanding of death into the wider philosophical and theological framework of Orthodoxy. He emphasizes a dignified acceptance of death without hastening it, viewing any attempt to artificially prolong life as a form of hubris against divine providence. Conversely, Kant’s rationalist perspective categorically rejects euthanasia and suicide, viewing them as violations of the categorical imperative. Kant upholds the preservation of life as a perfect duty, emphasizing autonomy and dignity. This comparative analysis highlights the ethical and philosophical divergence between Voulgaris’ theologically influenced acceptance of death and Kant’s strict moral framework opposing the intentional ending of life. The study underscores the relevance of these Enlightenment perspectives in informing contemporary debates on euthanasia and the moral dimensions of end-of-life decisions.
TRANSCENDING DEATH: BIOETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON POST-MORTEM ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
Authors: MALANDRAKI IOANNA
Published: December 2024

Post-mortem artificial insemination constitutes a method of medically assisted reproduction that is ethically controversial. This method, which has been developed as an outcome of technological advances in the field of medicine, aims at the conception, pregnancy, and birth of children who, from the beginning of their creation, have been deprived of a parent due to death. This raises bioethical concerns relating to the consent of the deceased, the rights of the child, and the intentions of the surviving partner. Post-mortem artificial insemination has been the subject of intense criticism and has become a matter of legal, political, and ethical concern. The bioethical dialogue broaches the potential for human beings to transcend death through this method of reproduction, thereby initiating a perpetual cycle of ethical-philosophical debate. This article contributes to the existing body of literature on the subject of post-mortem artificial insemination by offering a comprehensive review and analysis of the implications and concerns surrounding this practice.
ПРИКАЗ РЕЗУЛТАТА НАУЧНОИСТРАЖИВАЧКОГ РАДА НАСТАВНИКА СА ОДСЕКА ЗА СРПСКИ ЈЕЗИК И ЛИНГВИСТИКУ (2009–2013)
Authors: Штрбац Гордана
Published: December 2024

-
КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЈА ЈЕЗИКА ПОМОЋУ МЕТАФОРЕ ПРОВОДНИКА У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ У ПОРЕЂЕЊУ С ЕНГЛЕСКИМ
Authors: Живановић Дуња
Published: December 2024

У овом раду истражујемо метафоричку концептуализацију језик је проводник у српском језику. Испитујемо да ли се ова метафора у српском језику реализује на исти начин као у енглеском тако што преводимо на српски изразе са списка Мајкла Редија, који је ову метафору први препознао и описао у енглеском. Констатујемо поклапања на општем нивоу метафоре, уз мање разлике на плану конкретних израза. Закључујемо да је ову метафору у српском, као и у енглеском тешко или немогуће избећи када се мисли и говори о језику.
ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМИ СА НАЗИВИМА ДИВЉИХ ЖИВОТИЊА
Authors: Корда Драгана
Published: December 2024

Предмет истраживања у овом раду јесу фразеолошке јединице које у свом саставу имају називе дивљих животиња (брз као зец, јак као медвед, лукав као лисица итд.). Фразеологизми су анализирани с лексичког и семантичког аспекта. Најпре су примери распоређени према учесталости јављања одређеног зоонима у њима, а потом су разматрани начини на који су формирана значења фразеологизама. Циљ истраживања је да се утврде механизми помоћу којих човек поима себе и свет који га окружује преламајући их кроз представе о животињама.
СРЕДСТВА ЗА ИСКАЗИВАЊЕ НАМЕРЕ И НАМЕНЕ У САВРЕМЕНОМ СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: Шафер Марина
Published: December 2024

Овим радом обухваћена су синтаксичка средства којима се може покрити семантичко поље намере. Циљ је био да се на једном месту да преглед свих средстава, почев од падежних конструкција, преко инфинитива и герунда, до зависних клауза, уочених на корпусу стандардног српског језика. Уз обрађиване структуре дата су кратка објашњења, као и осврт на досадашња запажања у литератури. Анализиране су и предлошке конструкције (нпр. с циљем + ген, у сврху + ген и сл.) чије је присуство очекивано пре свега у административно-правном и научном стилу, тако да су корпусом покривени сви функционални стилови, изузев разговорног. Показало се да се неке предлошке конструкције појављују углавном у специјалним стиловима (нпр. на + лок и на + акуз), друге се везују искључиво за књижевноуметнички стил ( ради у позицији иза генитива, партикула ли уз негирани потенцијал која уводи намерну клаузу), док је мали број примера у којима се намера исказује герундом и инфинитивом. У раду је указано и на интерференцију семантичке категорије намере (и намене) са другим семантичким категоријама (пре свега узрочном и просторном).
ЕТИМОЛОШКИ РЕЧНИЦИ АЛБАНСКОГА ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Божовић Ђорђе
Published: December 2024

У раду је реч о развоју етимологије у области албанскога језика, с акцентом на прегледима четирију одабраних етимолошких речника: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache Густава Мајера (1891), Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes Ећрема Чабеја (1976), Albanische Etymologien Бардиља Демираја (1997) и Albanian Etymological Dictionary Владимира Орјола (1998). Анализирају се садржај, методологија и научни контекст свакога од речника, појединачно, као и у поређењу једних с другима. Процењује се опште стање дијахронијске лингвистике албанскога и индоевропских језика у тренутку њиховог објављивања, те допринос албанској етимологији и индоевропској лингвистици свакога од њих. Речници су анализирани хронолошки, чиме се покушао достићи циљ рада, а то је обликовање слике општега развојног пута етимологије на пољу албанскога током XIX и XX века, тј. током овим радом обухваћених стотину и педесетак година њеног развоја, опримерених одабраним етимолошким речницима албанскога језика.
СЕМАНТИЧКО-ДЕРИВАЦИОНО ГНЕЗДО ЛЕКСЕМЕ "ЗЕМЉА"
Authors: Иванић Мирела
Published: December 2024

Предмет истраживања у овом раду јесу творенице лексеме земља, ексцерпиране из шестотомног Речника српскохрватскога књижевног језика Матице српске (РМС). Циљ истраживања био је да се покаже бројчано стање твореница наведене лексеме, да се упореди са бројем твореница лексема других основних елемената, попут воде, ваздуха и сунца, да се проба одговорити на питање бројчаних релација изведеница поменутих елемената. Настојала се утврдити веза између деривата и мотивне речи преко семантичко-деривационог гнезда, укључујући етимолошки аспекат.
INTERAKCIJA RODA I JEZIKA U RAZGOVORU NASTAVNIK– UČENIK U RAZREDU: PREKIDANJA I PREKLAPANJA
Authors: Bašaragin Margareta
Published: December 2024

Cilj rada je da istražim oblik i funkciju razgovornih strategija prekidanja i preklapanja tokom interakcije u razredu između nastavnika i učenika i učenica i kako doprinose izgradnji različitih jezičkih, rodnih i kulturnih identiteta učenika i učenica u odeljenju na srpskom i odeljenju na mađarskom nastavnom jeziku u osmom razredu osnovne škole u Subotici (Vojvodina) u 2015. godini. Korpus empirijskih podataka čine dva video-zapisa časa maternjeg jezika u srpskom i mađarskom odeljenju osmog razreda u dve osnovne škole u Subotici. Jedinica analize je jedan IOP/E ciklus, predstavljen u razmenama, koje se sastoje od višestrukih ili prostih govorenih priloga govornika, podeljene u predikacije kao najmanje jedinice analize. Razultati pokazuju razlike u obliku i funkciji prekidanja i preklapanja kada ih izvode učenici i učenice i drugačije jezičko ophođenje nastavnica prema učenicima i učenicama. Zaključak je da razgovor u razredu čini model socijalizacije i utiče na razvoj stereotipnih verbalnih ponašanja učenika i učenica.
ЛЕКСИКА ПАСИВНОГ ФОНДА У ОДАБРАНИМ ДЕЛИМА ИВЕ АНДРИЋА
Authors: Иванић Мирела
Published: December 2024

Овим радом обухваћена је архаична и историјска лексика у одабрани делима (Проклета авлија, Аникина времена, Мара милосница) Иве Андрића. Најпре је пажња посвећена одређењу архаизама и историцизама, затим је посматран њихов статус у речницима, начин на који су им лексикографи приступили, а потом је анализирана њихова употребна и стилска вредност у одабраним текстовима. Анализа је показала да употребна вредност овог типа лексике у посматраним делима И. Андрића није увек у сагласности са статусом који јој додељују де- скриптивни речници српског језика.
РЕЧЕНИЧНИ МОДЕЛИ С ГЛАГОЛИМА БРЗОГ КРЕТАЊА
Authors: Брдар Сања
Published: December 2024

У раду се посматрају глаголи којима је примарно значење кретање брзином већом од уобичајене. Посматрани су глаголи којима се означава људско кретање уопште без употребе помагала, помоћних средстава. Изостављени су глаголи којима се означава кретање делова тела, а у обзир узети само они којима се именује премештање целог тела у простору. Анализа обухвата основне глаголе, као и њихове префиксале. Задатак рада је да утврди који су најтипичнији и најфреквентнији глаголи брзог кретања, да се изврши њихова семантичка класификација, као и да се покаже које се спацијалне допуне, којима се спецификују смер и начин кретања, срећу уз њих у датом контексту.
ЛЕКСИЧКА СЕМАНТИКА ПРИДЕВА СА ЗНАЧЕЊЕМ ОСОБИНЕ ТИПА СПОСОБНОСТ
Authors: Илић Ивона
Published: December 2024

У овом раду анализирана је семантичка класа придева са значењем особине типа способност. Биће изложени резултати емпиријског истраживања добијени путем теорије прототипа, да би се потом приступило примени компонентне анализе у истраживању семантике придевских лексема.
КОЛОКАЦИЈЕ СА ЛЕКСЕМАМА ОСНОВА И ТЕМЕЉ У ЕЛЕКТРОНСКОМ КОРПУСУ САВРЕМЕНОГ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Перишић Јелена
Published: December 2024

Предмет истраживања у овом раду представљају колокације са блискозначним лексемама основа (и њеном варијантом основ) и темељ, ексцерпиране из електронског корпуса српског језика. Циљ је да се провери степен блискозначности ових лексема на основу њиховог удруживања са другим лексемама, а затим истакне и значај електронских корпуса у истраживању колокација. Такође, циљ је да се провери у којој мери се значења ових лексема, утврђена на основу истраживања, поклапају са значењима наведеним у једном од речника српског језика. На основу ранијих разматрања и саме природе посматраних именица, очекује се да ће до поклапања доћи у великој мери, да ће се показати шире семантичко поље и колокациони потенцијал именице основа, с обзиром на то да се ради о значењски подспецификованој лексеми, а темељ је само једно од њених секундарних значења. Такође, приликом упоређивања анализиране грађе са грађом у речницима, претпоставља се да електронски корпус нуди значења лексема која нису регистрована у речницима.
МОРФОСИНТАКСИЧКА ОБЕЛЕЖЈА ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗАМА У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: Драгић Мила
Published: December 2024

Предмет овог рада су фразеологизми стандардног српског језика којима се обележавају емоционални концепти страха, изненађења, чуђења и збуњености. Корпус обухвата 50 фразеологизама различитог лексичког састава којима се означавају различити облици испољавања наведених емоција (нпр. остати без даха, бацити бомбу, испасти из равнотеже). Анализа је усмерена на морфосинтаксичке особине ових јединица, те су оне разврстане према својој граматичкој структури, са посебним освртом на њихове синтаксичке функције и комбинабилност у контексту, при чему се у обзир узимају само она значења која се односе на наведене емоције.
Intérêt de l'étude des écorces dans la détermination des arbres tropicaux sur pied (suite et fin)
Authors: Rollet Bernard
Published: December 2024

Pas de résumé
Mise au point d'une micro-termitière de laboratoire destinée à produire du matériel biologique de qualité pour rechercher et contrôler des produits de préservation du bois
Authors: Argoud M. , Mocotte J. , Sternalski R.
Published: December 2024

Il est désormais possible de réaliser et de maintenir des élevages de colonies de termites (Reticulitermes Santonensis) faciles à contrôler et à manipuler, sans parasites (acariens, insectes) et avec une productivité améliorée. Le volume total minimum de la termitière est d'environ un demi-litre, soit moins de 1 % du volume actuel des colonies naturelles ou même des élevages en laboratoire. Une équipe de chercheurs de RHONE POULENC-XYLOCHIMIE a atteint cet objectif en remplaçant le bois par une base nutritionnelle cellulosique définie, mélangée aux sels inorganiques indispensables et à quelques vitamines. La teneur en humidité, la température, les rapports poids de l'aliment/biomasse et volume du logement/biomasse sont contrôlables.Le matériel biologique obtenu est de grande qualité et facile à manipuler, ce qui n'est pas le cas des grands élevages classiques utilisant du bois mélangé à un compost, technique généralement réalisée dans des laboratoires spécialisés. L'intérêt d'une telle technique est la miniaturisation d'une termitière pour obtenir une distribution de population similaire à celle d'une colonie classique et naturellement installée. A partir de cette micro-termitière, il est possible d'élargir le volume d'élevage, ce qui permet de souligner que désormais les principaux problèmes d'intrapolation et d'extrapolation de ces groupes sociaux sont résolus.
Is total arterial coronary artery bypass grafting the next step forward?
Authors: Ren Justin
Published: December 2024

Total arterial coronary artery bypass grafting (TAR) has emerged as a superior strategy in coronary revascularization due to its ability to enhance long-term graft patency and reduce postoperative adverse cardiac events compared to traditional saphenous vein graft (SVG)-based approaches. While coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the cornerstone for treating multivessel coronary artery disease, its historical reliance on SVG has been increasingly challenged by the recognized durability and superior clinical outcomes associated with arterial grafts, such as the internal mammary artery (IMA) and radial artery. This article highlights the advantages of TAR over both single arterial grafting (SAG) and multiple arterial grafting (MAG), emphasizing its potential to eliminate the long-term vulnerabilities associated with venous conduits. However, the adoption of TAR faces significant barriers, including perceived technical complexity, increased operative duration, and concerns over complications such as deep sternal wound infections, particularly when bilateral IMA grafts are used. In contrast, MAG represents a transitional approach that incorporates arterial grafts alongside SVG to mitigate these challenges, offering surgeons flexibility while advancing toward arterial revascularization. Despite growing evidence favoring TAR, its widespread implementation is limited by a lack of large-scale randomized trials and logistical challenges in training and execution. This article provides a balanced discussion of the benefits and limitations of TAR, exploring its role in contemporary CABG practice and its potential to redefine coronary revascularization strategies.
An Approximate Analytical Solution for a Class of Fourth-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations in the Domain of Analyticity
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Gasanov M. V.
Published: December 2024

This paper considers a nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equation. The study of this class of equations is conducted using an analytical approximation method based on dividing the solution domain into two parts: the region of analyticity and the vicinity of a movable singular point. This work focuses on investigating the equation in the region of analyticity and solving two problems. The first problem is a classical problem in the theory of differential equations: proving the theorem of existence and uniqueness of a solution in the region of analyticity. The structure of the solution in this region takes the form of a power series. To transition from formal series to series converging in a neighborhood of the initial conditions, a modification of the majorant method is used, which is applied in the Cauchy – Kovalevskaya theorem. This method allows determining the domain of validity of the theorem. Within this domain, error estimates for the analytical approximate solution are obtained, enabling the solution to be found with any predefined accuracy. When leaving the domain of the theorem’s validity, analytical continuation is required. To do this, it is necessary to solve the second task of the study: to study the effect of perturbation of the initial data on the structure of the analytical approximate solution.
A Blyth’s Hornbill Rhyticeros plicatus on Dauan Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, February to March 2024: A new bird species and family for Australian Territory
Authors:   Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, Baxter Richard , Hattingh Tanya ,   Frankston VIC 3199, Australia, Nisbett Alison ,   Emerald VIC 3782, Australia
Published: December 2024

A Blyth’s Hornbill (also known as Papuan Hornbill) Rhyticeros plicatus was observed on Dauan Island in the Torres Strait, North Queensland, on 22 February 2024, and again on 28 and 29 February and 7 and 8 March. A submission to the BirdLife Australia Rarities Committee resulted in acceptance of the record (Case no. 1326). Here we document the occurrence, the first confirmed record for Australian territory of this species, which has a wide range in lowland forests from the Moluccas, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and as far east as the Solomon Islands.
Unlocking Fertility: How Nitric Oxide Pathways Connect Obesity, Oxidative Stress, and Reproductive Health—The Role of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Voros Harry , Mavrogianni Despoina , Bananis Kyriakos , Karakasis Alexios , Papahliou Anthi-Maria , Topalis Vasileios , Varthaliti Antonia , Mantzioros Rafail , Kondili Panagiota , Darlas Menelaos , Sotiropoulou Regina , Athanasiou Damantis , Mathiopoulos Dimitris , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Loutradis Dimitrios , Daskalakis George
Published: December 2024

This study examines the relationship between obesity, oxidative stress, and reproductive dysfunction. It focuses on the effects of sleeve gastrectomy on gene expression and hormone profiles in 29 women with extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²). Pre- and post-surgical investigations revealed significant differences in major gene expressions and hormonal markers. CART expression reduced significantly from 0.27 ± 4.43 to -3.42 ± 1.14 (p < 0.001), while leptin expression decreased from -1.87 ± 1.75 to -0.13 ± 1.55 (p < 0.001), indicating better metabolic regulation. In contrast, eNOS expression increased considerably from -4.87 ± 1.70 to 1.18 ± 2.31 (p = 0.003), indicating improved endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability, which is critical for vascular health and reproduction.Correlation research before to surgery indicated no significant relationships between eNOS, CART, or leptin and clinical indicators, implying that these genes function independently in pre-surgical metabolism. While most associations remained negligible after surgery, a significant negative connection between eNOS expression and SHBG levels appeared (r = -0.365, p = 0.049), indicating potential interactions in hormonal regulation pathways following metabolic improvements.These findings emphasize the importance of bariatric surgery in reducing the negative effects of obesity on reproductive health by altering critical cellular pathways. Significant increases in CART, leptin, and eNOS expression indicate reduced oxidative stress, improved vascular tone, and hormonal balance, all of which contribute to increased reproductive capacity. This study sheds light on the molecular processes that link obesity, metabolic health, and fertility, underlining bariatric surgery's therapeutic potential for women experiencing obesity-related infertility.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Polish Traditionally and Industrially Smoked Meats as an Element of Monitoring and PAH Reduction Strategies
Authors: Kowalska Jolanta , Stanisławek Monika , Latoch Agnieszka , Marzec Agata , Galus Sabina , Kowalska Hanna , Ciecierska Marta
Published: December 2024

The work aimed to analyze the PAH content in products smoked in traditional smokehouses with direct and indirect heat sources and in an industrial way as an element of PAH content monitoring in Polish market products. The research material comprised 12 smoked meats (W) and 38 sausages (K), medium or coarsely minced. The content of benzo(a)pyrene and the total content of 4 marker PAHs was determined by GC-MS. The analysis showed a significantly higher level of PAH contamination in products smoked using traditional methods. The results also indicate that the natural casing is not a barrier against PAH contamination during traditional smoking, and a higher degree of meat fragmentation, together with a small cross-section, increases the PAH content in this technological group. Concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene exceeding the permissible levels were found in the sausages smoked for more than 60 min. As part of the strategies for reducing PAH content, among others, changing the furnace to an indirect one, shortening the time, lowering the smoking temperature, using artificial casings or removing casings before consumption, drying the product surface before the smoking process, using seasoned and bark-free wood, as well as additional smokehouse equipment, are recommended.
Generation of Sparse Antennas and Scatterers Based on Optimal Current Grid Approximation
Authors: Dang Tuan Phuong , Nguyen Manh Tuan , Hasan Adnan F. Alhaj , Gazizov Talgat R.
Published: December 2024

The reduction of mass and surface of antennas and scattering structures is an important task in designing electromagnetic devices. To solve this task, we present a novel algorithm based on the optimal current grid approximation (OCGA) for generating sparse scattering structures and evaluating their effectiveness. The main contributions of the work include analyzing the performance of the OCGA and its modifications in generating sparse antennas, as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm in generating sparse scattering structures using a scattering plate as an example. To validate the accuracy of the algorithm, we compared the scattering properties of the obtained sparse scattering structures. The results show that the algorithm worked accurately and effectively in generating sparse scattering structures while reducing their mass and surface.
Space Debris Sky Survey Observation Strategy Based on HEALPix and Greedy Algorithm
Authors: Liu Shuqi , Hu Shaoming , Du Junju , Cao Hai , Zhang Bo , Jiang Yuchen , Feng Shuai
Published: December 2024

To improve the observation efficiency of the space debris survey, a basic sky survey observation strategy has been developed, aiming to observe more space debris based on the Wide Field Optical Telescope Array running by Shandong University. The characteristics of the telescope and dynamic changes in the movement position of space debris are considered in this strategy. An objective function is designed based on these factors. By using the pixelated sphere method to finely divide the celestial area, applying the summation filtering method, and using the greedy algorithm, the benefit of the objective function can be maximized, thus generating the optimal sky survey observation strategy. We demonstrated, through simulation and observation experiments , that the observation strategy using the greedy algorithm significantly improved the number of space debris and the number of arc segments with respect to the conventional observation strategy. This not only improves the automation level of the space debris observation plan but also significantly enhances the execution efficiency of the telescopes for debris observation. It is very helpful for cataloging space debris and collision warnings.
Novel Strategies for Preventing Fungal Infections Outline
Authors: Agbadamashi Damilola Janet , Price Claire Louise
Published: December 2024

Fungal infections are a significant global health challenge, causing approximately 3.8 million deaths annually, with immunocompromised populations particularly at risk. Traditional antifungal therapies, including azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes, face limitations due to rising antifungal resistance, toxicity, and inadequate treatment options. This review explores innovative strategies for preventing and managing fungal infections, such as vaccines, antifungal peptides, nanotechnology, probiotics and immunotherapy. Vaccines offer promising avenues for long-term protection, despite difficulties in development due to fungal complexity and immune evasion mechanisms. Antifungal peptides provide a novel class of agents with broad-spectrum activity and reduced resistance risk, whilst nanotechnology enables targeted, effective drug delivery systems. Probiotics show potential in preventing fungal infections, particularly vulvovaginal candidiasis, by maintaining microbial balance. Immunotherapy leverages immune system modulation to enhance antifungal defences, and omics technologies deliver comprehensive insights into fungal biology, paving the way for novel therapeutic and vaccine targets. While these approaches hold immense promise, challenges such as cost, accessibility, and translational barriers remain. A coordinated effort among researchers, clinicians, and policymakers is critical to advancing these strategies and addressing the global burden of fungal infections effectively.
Understanding the Future of Money: The Struggle between Government Control and Decentralization
Authors: Tommerdahl Jodi
Published: December 2024

This article offers a clear and approachable introduction to the evolving landscape of money and the frictions developing between traditional government control and decentralized finance (DeFi). Tailored for readers with a basic awareness of cryptocurrency but limited familiarity with its broader implications, the article demystifies DeFi by explaining its core concepts including blockchain, Centralized Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), and the historical role of government regulation of money through central banking.
Against this backdrop, it examines the transformative potential of DeFi, emphasizing the growing tension between the centralized authority of governments and the decentralized ideals driving this new financial model. While governments seek to maintain stability and control, individuals increasingly gravitate toward the more affordable, efficient, and inclusive solutions promised by DeFi.
Designed to empower readers with a better grasp of the forces shaping the future of finance, this article underscores the importance of understanding the delicate interplay between governmental oversight and decentralized innovation. As the digital economy expands, this dynamic struggle will influence not only economic policies but also person-al financial choices and access to resources.
Air Pollution Trends and Predictive Modeling for Three Cities with Different Characteristics Using Sentinel-5 Satellite Data and Deep Learning
Authors: Alkayal Salma , Almisbahi Hind , Baowidan Souad
Published: December 2024

Air pollution is a major issue with serious risks to human health and the environment. This study investigates air pollution concentrations in three cities with distinct characteristics: a city with high industrial activities, a city with high population and urbanization, and an agricultural city. The air pollution data was collected using the Sentinel-5P satellite and Google Earth Engine to apply descriptive analysis and comparison of two years, 2022 and 2023. The cities in Saudi Arabia were Al Riyadh (high population), Al Jubail (industrial), and Najran (agricultural). The selected pollutants were SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, and HCHO. In addition, the study investigates the variations observed in all the pollutants during the months of the year, the correlations between the pollutants, and the correlation between NO₂ and the meteorological data. Based on the findings, Al Jubail has the highest level of all the pollutants during the two years, except for NO₂, which has the highest level in Al Riyadh, which has witnessed notable urbanization development recently. Moreover, this study developed a forecasting model of the concentration of NO₂ based on the weather data and the previous values of NO₂ using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Time2Vec. The modeling proved that any model that is trained on data collected from a specific city is not suitable to predict the pollution level in another city and for another pollutant, as the three cities have different correlations to the pollutants and the weather data. The forecasting models are useful to enhance air quality monitoring and forecasting capabilities and support the implementation of proactive strategies to mitigate air pollution. The results of this study contribute to ongoing efforts to understand the dynamics of air pollution based on the city's characteristics and the period of the year.
Single-Port Robotic System – a Paradigm Shift in Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy?
Authors: Pisotskyi Oleksii , Petrasz Piotr , Zorga Piotr , Drewa Tomasz , Gałęski Marcin , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Szponar Pawel , Brzeźniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Koper Krzysztof , Czarnogórski Michał Cezary , Adamowicz Jan
Published: December 2024

This study explores potential for the utilization of the Da Vinci sin-gle-port (SP) system in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer. The SP system offers significant advancements in minimally invasive surgery, with benefits such as 360° operative field visualization, poten-tial for reduced blood loss, faster recovery, improved cosmetics, integrated op-tics and instruments, and enhanced depth perception. While comparable onco-logical and functional outcomes are achieved between SP and multi-port (MP) systems, the SP system presents a unique advantage in reducing surgical trauma. This study emphasizes the SP system’s potential to enhance patient care while acknowledging the steeper learning curve for surgeons.
The Structure of Bit-String Similarity Networks
Authors: Schneider David M. , Zanette Damián H.
Published: December 2024

We study the structural properties of networks formed by random sets of bit strings –namely, ordered arrays of binary variables representing, for instance, genetic information or cultural profiles. Two bit strings are connected by a network link when they are sufficiently similar to each other, i. e. when their Hamming distance is below a certain threshold. Using both analytical and numerical techniques, we determine the degree distribution and the conditions for the existence of a giant component in this kind of network. In addition, we analyze their clustering, assortativity, and mean geodesic distance. We show that these properties combine features specific to random networks with characteristics that derive from the Hamming metrics implicit in the definition of similarity between bit strings.
Reduced-Order Model for Cell Volume Homeostasis: Application to Aqueous Humor Production
Authors: Sacco Riccardo , Chiaravalli Greta , Guidoboni Giovanna , Layton Anita , Antman Gal , Wood Shalem Keren , Verticchio Alice , Siesky Brent , Harris Alon
Published: December 2024

The ability of a cell to keep its volume constant irrespective of intra- and extracellular conditions is essential for cellular homeostasis and survival. The purpose of this study is to elaborate a theoretical model of cell volume homeostasis and to apply it to the simulation of human aqueous humor (AH) production. The model assumes a cell with a spherical shape and only radial deformation. The cytoplasm is described as a homogeneous mixture containing fluid, ions and neutral solutes whose evolution is determined by net production mechanisms occurring in the intracellular volume and by water and solute exchange across the membrane. Averaging the balance equations over the cell volume leads to a coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE) which are solved using the θ-method and the Matlab function ode15s. Simulation tests are conducted to characterize the set of parameters corresponding to baseline conditions in AH production. The model is subsequently used to investigate the relative importance of (a) impermeant charged proteins; (b) sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pumps; and (c) carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the AH production process. Results suggest that (a) and (b) play a role whereas (c) does lack significant weight, at least for low carbon dioxide values. Model results describe a higher impact from charged proteins and Na+/K+ ATPase than CA on AH production and cellular volume. The computational virtual laboratory provides a method to further test in vivo experiments and machine learning-based data analysis towards the prevention and cure of ocular diseases such as glaucoma.
Dramatic Reduction in Aedes aegypti Population After a Year-Long Application of Targeted Sterile Insect Releases in the West Valley Region of Southern California
Authors: Birhanie Solomon Kibret , Hans Jacob , Castellon Jennifer Thieme , Macias Ale , Casas Rubi , Hoang Huy , Mormile Deanna , Pitts-Love Kecia , Brown Michelle Q.
Published: December 2024

Aedes aegypti is of great public health concern because of its vectorial capacity to transmit various arboviruses such as Zika, yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. In California, its expanding geographic distribution has been unrestrained. This urgently calls for innovative tools such as the use of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) to strengthen invasive Aedes control. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of combining SIT application into Integrated Vector Management (IVM) strategies in invasive Aedes control in the West Valley region of southern California. A total of 25 Aedes hotspots, grouped into two cohorts – sites that received SIT treatment only (n=9) and sites that received both SIT and In2Care® Mosquito Stations (n=16), were selected for this study. Biweekly, X-ray irradiated male Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were released between April and November 2024. Data from weekly BG Sentinel-2 traps were utilized to compare mosquito densities between pre-intervention (2023) and intervention (2024) periods for both cohorts. In addition, a subset of samples (n=50) of irradiated male mosquitoes were placed in a separate cage with freshly emerged unirradiated female mosquitoes to evaluate the level of sterility of the eggs from these mosquitoes. Aedes-related service requests made by the District’s residents were also compared between the pre-intervention and intervention periods to indirectly determine the effect of optimizing the control strategies on overall mosquito problems. A total of 106,608 sterile male Ae. aegypti were released between April and November 2024. The cohort with SIT only application showed a 44% reduction in number of female Ae. aegypti per trap-night during the intervention period compared to the pre-intervention period. At sites with In2Care Mosquito Stations that also received SIT treatment, the mosquito density dropped by 65% during the intervention period compared to the pre-intervention period. The number of Aedes-related service requests during the intervention year (n = 367) was 45% lower than the pre-intervention year (n =656). Over 99.6% eggs collected from female mosquitoes mated with irradiated males did not hatch, indicating a high level of sterility of the irradiated males utilized for our SIT application. Here, we demonstrated a great potential of SIT when combined with IVM strategies such as In2Care® Mosquito Stations, offering a holistic approach to reducing the public health risks associated with Aedes-borne diseases. This proactive approach could help to effectively flatten the seasonal mosquito density curve, hence ultimately suppressing mosquito population and associated risks.
Molecular Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations, Decolonization Strategies, and Treatment Options of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Neonates
Authors: Rallis Dimitrios , Atzemoglou Natalia , Kapetaniou Konstantina , Giaprou Lida-Eleni , Baltogianni Maria , Giapros Vasileios
Published: December 2024

Neonatal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection remain a major concern in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). MRSA is associated with significant neonatal morbidity and mortality globally, whereas prematurity and low birth weight are the main risk factors. We aimed to review the existing evidence regarding the molecular characteristics, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, decolonization strategies, and treatment options of MRSA infection in neonates. Healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA and community-acquired (CA)-MRSA strains differ in their synthesis of toxins, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin, molecular characteristics, and resistance to antibiotics. Colonization with MRSA is the main risk factor, associated with high risk of infection. The clinical impact of MRSA infection includes bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, skin and soft tissue infections, and toxic shock syndrome. To lower MRSA colonization, infection, and transmission, customized approaches are required, including continuous local surveillance of MRSA clinical and molecular epidemiology, new techniques for MRSA identification, and the application of basic preventive measures. To identify the best empirical antimicrobial treatments, antibiotic susceptibility monitoring is essential. The growing antibiotic resistance of MRSA remains challenging, while vancomycin is still the best option. Further extensive research and surveillance are warranted to explore the genetic variety and prevalence of MRSA.
Identification of Corn Chaff as An Optimal Substrate for the Production of Rhamnolipids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fermentations
Authors: Beltrametti Fabrizio , Bava Adriana , Carnelli Sara , Vaccari Mentore , Beffa Trello
Published: December 2024

Waste biomass deriving from agricultural activities has different destinations depending on the possibility to apply it to specific processes. As the waste biomass is abundant, cheap and generally safe, it can be used for several applications, being biogas production the most relevant from the quantitative point of view. In this study, we have used as substrates for the microbial production, a set of agricultural by-products deriving from the post-harvest treatment of cereals and legumes. Some of the by-products used in the study, and tested without any pre-treatment, were easily metabolized and were highly effective for the growth of microorganisms. Besides allowing growth of the microorganisms, the formulation of the waste agricultural biomass with a reduced set of nutrients routinely used in fermentation, stimulated biosurfactants productions in the range of tenths of grams of the pure products. In particular, the use of mechanically treated corn chaff (“bees wings”) was suitable for the production of rhamnolipids. This study demonstrated that the use of alternative raw materials could be applied to reduce the carbon footprint of industrial productions without compromising the possibility of having suitable processes for the industrial production of high added value molecules.
Notarial Challenges for Aircraft Deeds: Unlocking the Potential of Aircraft as Collateral
Authors: Yahanan Annalisa , Murzal Murzal , Turatmiyah Sri , Si Tongle
Published: December 2024

A notary is a public official entrusted with the authority to draft legal deeds pertaining to agreements within the scope of private law. However, their ability to fulfill this role is limited when they are unable to draft aircraft mortgage deeds. This study aims to critically evaluate the scope of a notary's authority in preparing aircraft-related deeds and to examine the various forms of legal deeds that have emerged in practice when aircraft are used as collateral in credit agreements. Using a normative legal approach, the research employs statutory analysis, conceptual exploration, and interpretative methods to assess legal materials. The findings reveal that notaries face considerable obstacles in exercising their authority due to the lack of specific regulations on aircraft mortgages, even as the aviation industry continues to grow rapidly. This regulatory void has resulted in the emergence of diverse deed types, such as Deeds of Agreement for the Transfer of Guarantee and Grant of Power of Attorney, Fiduciary Deeds, and Deeds for the Transfer and Guarantee of Power of Attorney. Furthermore, as aircraft, categorized as registered objects, can be classified as immovable property and potentially treated as mortgageable collateral, the establishment of specific regulations governing aircraft mortgages is essential to avoid legal uncertainty and ensure clear regulatory guidance.
EIA in Strengthening Law Enforcement and Penalties: A Case of Corruption in Natural Resource Sector
Authors: Sasongko Mochamad Agung , Mizuno Kosuke , Utomo Suyud Warno , Koestoer Raldi Hendro
Published: December 2024

Corruption in Indonesia's natural resource sector is a significant issue with far-reaching consequences for environmental sustainability. Despite the detrimental effects of corrupt practices on the environment, law enforcement penalties for corruption often fail to compensate for their environmental impact. The aim of the study is to explore how the use of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) strengthens law enforcement efforts and increase penalties for corrupt practices in Indonesia's natural resource sector. The method used is to collect and analyze regulations, policies, and corruption study cases to examine the relationship between EIA and corruption penalties. The results showed that EIA can help corruption cases investigation and corruption cases involving EIA receive heavier penalties. This study concluded that the Indonesian government needs to reformulate its law enforcement approach by incorporating EIA into corruption investigations and using more severe penalties to deter corruption in the natural resource sector.