bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des normes professionnelles auto-prescrites. Le cas de la mise en œuvre de la démarche d’enseignement scientifique en Suisse romande
Authors: Marlot Corinne , Audrin Catherine , Morge Ludovic
Published: October 2020

Cette recherche pose l’hypothèse d’une relation entre les difficultés de mise en œuvre de la démarche d’enseignement scientifique en classe (pour les enseignants) et l’existence de normes auto-prescrites. Celles-ci seraient pour partie le résultat de la renormalisation par les acteurs des prescriptions primaires (les programmes) et secondaires (les discours des instances de formation). Dans cet article, nous rendons compte de la phase exploratoire de cette recherche liée à une enquête par questionnaire auprès d’enseignants du premier degré, débutants et expérimentés, en Suisse romande. Le traitement des données a été réalisé grâce à une analyse factorielle et une classification ascendante hiérarchique. Cette analyse quantitative a permis de mettre au jour l’existence de normes auto-prescrites relatives à la mise en place de la démarche d’enseignement scientifique à l’école ainsi que l’existence de catégories d’enseignants selon leur positionnement relatif vis-à-vis des principes pédagogiques et épistémologiques de cette démarche ; et de formuler des premières hypothèses concernant l’existence d’un clivage générationnel (expérimentés /non expérimenté) et/ou d’un clivage lié au niveau d’enseignement (élèves de 4 à 7 ans / élèves de 8 à 11 ans), permettant d’expliquer la variabilité interindividuelle.
Gestes, savoirs et normes de métier des enseignants vus par des collégiens
Authors: Claude Marie-Sylvie , Rayou Patrick
Published: October 2020

Cet article rend compte d’une recherche qui tente d’accéder à la façon dont une cinquantaine de collégiens analysent des gestes d’enseignants. Ces collégiens ont été invités, au cours d’entretiens individuels, à observer les interactions entre élèves d'une même classe de troisième et deux de leurs enseignants dans deux séquences de cours vidéoscopées. Les enquêtés se réfèrent de façon plus ou moins explicite à des valeurs éducatives, dont ils estiment qu’elles doivent présider aux situations de classe pour que soient garantis aux élèves à la fois la considération de leur personne et le développement de leur savoir. Selon les cas et selon les moments de l’entretien, ils subordonnent l’accès à ces valeurs au respect par l’enseignant de normes plus ou moins critiques ou doxiques, dont la mise en évidence peut aider à éclairer l'action conjointe des enseignants et des élèves, et le contrat didactique qui en résulte.
Quand des parents interprètent les normes scolaires : le cas du travail scolaire hors la classe en début de primaire
Authors: Robin Françoise
Published: October 2020

Nous tentons de percevoir, à partir des tâches qui circulent de l’école vers les familles et de leur décodage par celles-ci, ce que les parents voient et font des normes scolaires. Par normes, nous entendons des régularités contraignantes et partagées (Prairat, 2019) mais aussi potentiellement transformatrices du milieu par leur action créatrice (Canguilhem, 1996). Notre étude se situe dans le prolongement des théories défendant une « hypothèse relationnelle » (Bautier & Goigoux, 2004) qui considère que les malentendus (Bautier & Rochex, 2007 ; Bautier & Rayou, 2013) sont une source importante d’explication de la production des inégalités scolaires. Ceux-ci peuvent en effet donner lieu à des interprétations éloignées de l’attendu scolaire par les parents et leurs enfants. Nous analysons les pratiques parentales d’accompagnement des tâches qui constituent le travail scolaire hors la classe. Nous optons pour une interprétation de l’accompagnement des parents en termes de « renormalisation » (Schwartz, 2009) dans le sens que les parents réinterprètent les normes scolaires perçues et les réajustent en fonction de la responsabilité de l’instruction scolaire qui leur est en partie dévolue (Glasman, 2004, 2013).
Permettre la compréhension de l’action dans un jeu d’imitation. Le cas de l’action conjointe entre un artiste chorégraphique et des élèves-danseurs à l’école élémentaire
Authors: Messina Virginie
Published: October 2020

Le rôle central joué par l’imitation au sein des différentes sociétés humaines nous conduit à l’envisager comme un processus anthropologique complexe permettant la transmission intergénérationnelle de comportements et d’éléments culturels. Notre approche est ici didactique et questionne les conditions d’une avancée, d’un gain épistémique lors de situations d’enseignement-apprentissage en danse s’appuyant sur l’imitation. Dans le cas de la danse, la transmission du geste dansé par monstration/reproduction est largement pratiquée et relève d’un allant de soi que nous souhaitons ici interroger. À quelles conditions l’usage de l’imitation permet-il la construction de savoirs nouveaux ? En particulier, en situation d’enseignement-apprentissage, quels gestes didactiques permettent à ceux qui apprennent une compréhension des actions qu’ils ont à imiter ? Pour en rendre compte, nous nous appuyons sur une situation observée à l’école élémentaire, entre un artiste chorégraphique et des élèves d’une classe de CE2-CM1. Mobilisant la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique et le modèle du jeu en didactique, notre analyse envisage l’imitation avant tout comme un jeu d’imitation qui se construit entre celui qui enseigne le geste (l’artiste) et ceux qui l’apprennent (les élèves-danseurs). L’observation de cette action conjointe conduit à saisir les conditions permettant aux élèves de passer progressivement d’une imitation ne retenant que les traits de surface du geste montré, à une imitation témoignant d’une compréhension des principes générateurs de sa forme.
An Introduction to Case Study Methodology
Authors: Sneed Stacey , Nguyen Chau H. P. , Eubank Chrissy L.
Published: October 2020

Case study has been one of the most often used qualitative research methodologies in the field of education at all levels – from preschool to adult. Yet the number of available resources for case study researchers—be they emerging or experienced—is still limited. This paper will review the definition of the case study method as well as some of the methodological variations that a case study may take. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a better understanding of the methodology of case study as well as to provide the reader with ideas for how to apply this methodology within different contexts within the field of educational research.
Measuring the Effect of EWOM Readability and Sentiment on Sales
Authors: Aakash Aakash , Aggarwal Anu Gupta
Published: October 2020

With the emergence of the internet as a popular source of information as well as a mass communication channel where peoples share their opinions regarding the quality of products/services, their pre- and post-purchase experiences, electronic word of mouth (EWOM) has become an interesting area of research to determine its role on the customer attitude and loyalties at the individual level and product sales at the market level. The impact of EWOM readability, length, and sentiment along with product ratings and price on the sales rank of cell phones has not been thoroughly investigated in the literature. To address this research gap, the authors propose three econometric models to assess the influence of EWOM measures on product sales. This modeling approach allows us to investigate the extent of influence of sentiment and readability scores on the endogenous variable namely sales rank. The utility of this incremental approach is reinforced by the high value of adjusted R^2 square achieved.
Anamorphic Atmospheres
Authors: Matthews Linda
Published: October 2020

The principles of linear perspective geometry were applied to both the representation and the form of the Renaissance city to reflect the collective proprietorial ambitions of church and state. Anamorphosis was developed by intellectual dissidents as a drawing mechanism and as a counter to the previous representational constraints imposed by linear perspective. The contemporary city image relies upon on an array of pixels mediated by technology to foster existing relationships between power and place. The paper argues that digital technologies initiate anamorphic viewing conditions that correspond to previous attempts to destabilise the covert ambitions of linear perspective. By presenting digital anamorphic representations of contemporary urban space, it shows how the temporal nature of the image and the pixel-based geometry of the digital array not only contest the promotional city view but multiply the opportunity to understand previously unexplored qualitative, atmospheric properties of urban space.
Digital Image Encryption Based on Chaotic Cellular Automata
Authors: Jeelani Zubair
Published: October 2020

Cellular automata are dynamical systems, discrete in terms of both space and time. Many cellular automata are capable of generating chaos and are well suited for applications like digital image encryption and scrambling. Various cellular automata-based digital image scrambling techniques have been proposed in literature. An adversary may have access to a set of images from which the particular image is scrambled. The problem with these techniques in this particular case is that an adversary may be able to find out the true content of the scrambled image just by comparing its histogram with the histograms of a suspected set of images. In this paper, a secure digital image encryption technique based on outer totalistic cellular automata is proposed that modifies the histogram of the scrambled image so that it is difficult to guess the true content carried in the digital image.
Automatic Recognition of Legal Amounts on Indian Bank Cheques
Authors: Bhat Mohammad Idrees , Sharada B.
Published: October 2020

Holistic-based approaches attempt to represent an entire handwritten word as an indivisible entity by representing it with feature representations. Despite the presence of various feature representations, it still remains a challenge to get the effective representation for Devanagari Legal amounts. In this paper, an attempt is made to represent legal amounts with histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and local binary patterns (LBP) for their characterization. Thereafter, two fusion-based models are proposed. In the first model, HOG and LBP are fused at feature level and, in second, at decision level. Later, recognition is performed with the nearest neighbor and support vector machine classifiers. For corroboration of the efficacy of the proposed models several experiments have been conducted on ICDAR ' 11 Devanagari Legal amount dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that fusion based approaches are effective by achieving significant improvement in recognition accuracy as compared to individual feature representations and other contemporary approaches employed on the data set.
Liquefaction Susceptibility Assessment Using Geotechnical and Geological Manners of Northern Thailand
Authors: Kusumahadi Yayat , Soralump Suttisak , Jinagoolwipat Montri
Published: October 2020

Soil site investigations such as boring logs, basic soil properties, spectral analysis of surface wave, and the examinations of geologic and geomorphologic were performed in Mae Lao area to investigate the susceptibility of liquefaction after the 6.2 Mw Chiang Rai Earthquake 2014. The study area was found to lay on a complex geological formation and geotechnical behavior with a condition of the high groundwater table. Being located on a high seismicity area (intensity V-VII Mercalli) governs the study area as a concern for high liquefaction hazards. Liquefaction susceptibility-based compositional criteria, soil resistance, and geologic criteria have been established, and consequently, the character of liquefaction potential is defined.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Self-Service Technology (SST) in the Public Sector
Authors: Ongena Guido , Staat Sanne , Ravesteijn Pascal
Published: October 2020

In the Netherlands, housing corporations are increasingly adopting self-service technologies (SSTs) to support affairs their tenants need to arrange. The purpose of the study is to examine the customers' motivations of using SSTs in the context of the Dutch public housing sector. An empirical investigation is presented based on a sample of 1,209 tenants. Using partial least squares (PLS), the acceptance model of Blut, Wang, and Schoefer is adopted and tested. The results show that especially the need for interaction negatively influence the adoption of SSTs by tenants. Positively, subjective norm and self-efficacy influence the adoption. Furthermore, playfulness negatively influences this adoption. Developers of SSTs should focus on its ulitalitarian function, rather then invest in its playfulness. Moreover, adoption is propelled by the encouragement of others. This can be enhanced by positive word-ofmouth and should therefore stimulated.
Election Observation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Marumahoko Sylvester
Published: October 2020

Election observation is fast emerging as a central tenet of preserving and extending democracy in Africa and other parts of the world. It is also evolving as the flagship of democracy promotion and the best-funded type of democracy-related assistance. Since the end of the Cold War, hundreds of elections held in Africa have been the subject of election observation involving hordes of local, regional, and international observers. The scrutiny comes against the backdrop of the African Union (AU) and membership regional bodies resolving to make election observation a component of all polls conducted in Africa. The article explores the opportunities, challenges, and constraints to election observation in Zimbabwe. The general conclusion of the article is that election observation is crucial for the realisation of democratic polls in Zimbabwe.
Emotional Behaviour of the Child Labour
Authors: Ahuja Daman , Kalpana B.
Published: October 2020

Emotional issues among child labour never received much attention as compared to physical aspects. A study was conducted in Delhi amongst the child labour and school-going children of the same socio-economic background, in this case the slums of Delhi (India) to study the behavior patterns of the children. Children within age group of 7-14 years were selected between school going and child labour category. A sample size was drawn. Five hundred children from each group were selected (n=1000) using probability proportionate sampling method across different slums. One hundred children (both 50 school-going and 50 child labour) from each slum were selected. Purposive convenience sampling technique was used to select the children in a particular slum. Strength and difficulty questionnaire (SDQ) devised by Robert Goodman was used as a tool. The children working as child labour in Delhi slums are found to be more prone to face emotional difficulties in behavioural aspects than the school-going children from the same socio-economic indicators.
A value relevance dos ativos financeiros das empresas do setor elétrico brasileiro
Authors: Ferreira Marília Paranaíba , Carmo Carlos Henrique Silva do , Ribeiro Alex Mussoi
Published: October 2020

As demonstrações contábeis das empresas do setor de energia elétrica passaram por mudanças significativas após o processo de convergência da contabilidade brasileira às IFRS. Considerando que uma das principais alterações é o desmembramento do ativo imobilizado em ativo financeiro e/ou ativo intangível, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relevância do ativo financeiro registrado no contrato de concessão para explicar a variação do preço da ação das companhias elétricas brasileiras entre 2010 e 2018. Os dados foram coletados no site da B³ e na base Economatica® e a análise foi feita por meio de regressões múltiplas com dados em painel. Dois modelos, baseados no Modelo de Ohlson, foram estimados para testar a hipótese da pesquisa de que o lucro líquido, o patrimônio líquido e os ativos financeiros por ação são informações relevantes para explicar o comportamento do preço da ação das empresas. Os resultados indicaram, ao nível de significância estatística de 0,01% e 1%, que os investidores reagem positivamente a essas informações e demonstraram um ganho de 15% do poder explicativo do modelo após adicionar a variável de ativos financeiros por ação. Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar que os valores dos ativos financeiros relativos aos contratos de concessão geram informações relevantes para o mercado de capitais e que a mudança na classificação do ativo imobilizado pode ser uma tentativa de tornar as demonstrações contábeis mais próximas da realidade da empresa.
IFN Regulatory Factor 3 in Health and Disease
Authors: Petro Thomas M.
Published: October 2020

Immunity to viruses requires an array of critical cellular proteins that include IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Consequently, most viruses that infect vertebrates encode proteins that interfere with IRF3 activation. This review describes the cellular pathways linked to IRF3 activation and where those pathways are targeted by human viral pathogens. Moreover, key regulatory pathways that control IRF3 are discussed. Besides viral infections, IRF3 is also involved in resistance to some bacterial infections, in anticancer immunity, and in anticancer therapies involving DNA damage agents. A recent finding shows that IRF3 is needed for T cell effector functions that are involved in anticancer immunity and also in T cell autoimmune diseases. In contrast, unregulated IRF3 activity is clearly not beneficial, considering it is implicated in certain interferonopathies, in which heightened IRF3 activity leads to IFN-β–induced disease. Therefore, IRF3 is involved largely in maintaining health but sometimes contributing to disease.
Aortic stenosis calcium scoring in a racially mixed sample
Authors: Brito Daniel , Goykhman Igor , Lo Kevin Bryan , Alhamshari Yaser , Peñalver Jorge Luis , Aguilar Francisco , Quintero Eduardo , Kalla Aditi , Friend Evan , Pressman Gregg S.
Published: October 2020

Aortic stenosis (AS) is common and increasing in prevalence as the population ages. Using computed tomography (CT) to quantify aortic valve calcification (AVC) it has been reported that men have greater degrees of calcification than women among subjects with severe AS. These data, however, were derived in largely Caucasian populations and have not been verified in non-Caucasian subjects. This retrospective study identified 137 patients with severe AS who underwent valve replacement and had CT scans within 6 months prior to surgery. AVC scores were compared between men and women, both in the entire sample and in racial subgroups. 52% of subjects were male and 62.8% were non-Caucasian. Mean AVC score for the entire cohort was 3062.08±2097.87 with a range of 428-13,089. Gender differences in aortic valve calcification were found to be statistically significant with an average AVC score of 3646±2422 in men and 2433±1453 in women (p=0.001). On multivariate analysis, gender remained significantly associated with AVC score both in the entire sample (p=0.014) and in the non-Caucasian subgroup (p=0.008). Mean AVA was significantly greater in males than females but this difference disappeared when AVA was indexed to BSA (p=0.719). AVA was not different between racial groups (p=0.369). In this research we observed that among subjects with severe AS men have higher AVC scores than women regardless of racial background. This is consistent with previous studies in predominantly Caucasian populations.
Psychological morbidity in interstitial lung disease: a study from India
Authors: Rajpoot Akhlesh , Garg Kranti , Saini Varinder , Gupta Nitin
Published: October 2020

Evaluation of mental health in chronic lung diseases like interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has always been neglected and underrated. The aim of the study was to determine the psychological morbidity in patients of ILD and to determine its various socio-clinical and psychological correlates. A cross-sectional clinic based descriptive study with 50 ILD patients, 30 COPD patients and 30 healthy controls was undertaken. Psychological distress was assessed using different psychological scales, like General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Patient Distress Thermometer (PDT), Coping Strategy Checklist (CSCL), WHO Quality of Life-Brief-26 (WHOQOL-Bref-26) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The patients with a GHQ-12 score of ≥3 were considered as experiencing psychological distress and additionally referred to consultant psychiatrist for further detailed evaluation and management. Fifty-eight percent of ILD patients and 60% of COPD patients experienced psychological distress after screening with GHQ-12; 40% of all the ILD and COPD patients were ultimately diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, after evaluation by the psychiatrist. Patients of ILD and COPD had significantly higher scores on GHQ-12, CSCL and DASS, and significantly lower scores on WHOQOL-Bref-26 when compared with healthy controls. However, these scores, including PDT did not differ significantly between ILD and COPD patients. The scores on all these scales in the patients of ILD and COPD who were experiencing psychological distress (GHQ ≥3) were significantly poorer than those without psychological distress (GHQ<3). GHQ-12 emerged as an excellent predictor of psychological morbidity. Various other psychological scales correlated with GHQ-12 and amongst each other in both the groups experiencing psychological distress. GHQ-12 and other different scales also significantly correlated with the different clinical indicators in ILD as well as COPD patients having psychological distress. Psychological distress and poorer quality of life was present in a significant percentage of ILD patients, and was comparable to that seen in COPD. Mental health evaluation should be incorporated in the routine management of these patients. Simple, easy and brief screening tools like GHQ-12 can be of immense help.
TP53 lacks tetramerization and N-terminal domains due to novel inactivating mutations detected in leukemia patients
Authors: Hameed Yasir , Ejaz Samina
Published: October 2020

Background:

TP53 is a highly conserved tumor suppressor gene present on chromosome 17 and comprised 11 exons and 12 introns. The TP53 protein maintained the genomic integrity of the cell by regulating different pathways. The association of TP53 with leukemia and the increasing prevalence of leukemia in Pakistan instigated us to initiate the current study.

Materials and Methods:

The TP53 gene of acute myeloid leukemia patients (n = 23) and normal individuals (n = 30) was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR amplified products of 3 samples 1 normal (NC-30) and 2 cancerous (LK-6 and LK-19) were subjected to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence analysis. Bioinformatics analysis of the obtained DNA sequences helped to identify nature, type, and functional impact of mutations, if any.

Results:

Results revealed 2 novel mutations in Case No. 1 (c. G >A10987 and c. InsA13298_13299) and Case No. 2 (c. InsC13284_13285, c. T >A13365) which generate a premature codon (ocher) at position 239 and lead to truncated TP53 protein. In Case No. 3, 16 novel mutations were identified and c. delC11093 mutation created a premature codon (opal) at 59th position. Hence, the resultant protein will lack its tetramerization and N-terminal domain required for its normal functioning. Moreover, some intronic mutations were noticed and found to have a negative impact on splicing related regulatory sequences.

Conclusion:

Results suggest the role of TP53 inactivating mutations in pathogenesis of leukemia.
Population Attributable Fraction of Established Modifiable Risk Factors on Colorectal Cancer in Korea
Authors: Cho Sooyoung , Shin Aesun
Published: October 2020

PurposeWe estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of established risk factors for colorectal cancer, to provide evidence for prioritizing cancer prevention policy. Materials and MethodsThe exposure prevalence was calculated by using data from the 2005 Korean National Health Examination Survey for tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, and meat intake. Risk estimates (relative risks) were selected from the published meta-analyses. Cancer incidence data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were used to estimate the preventable number of colorectal cancer cases in 2015. ResultsThe PAFs of the tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, and consumption of red and processed meat were as follows: 9.2%, 11.1%, 9.1%, 18.9%, and 10.1% for colon cancer and 21.8%, 12.3%, 3.5%, 5.3%, and 9.2% for rectal cancer among men; 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.7%, 12.3% and 9.2% for colon cancer and 1.7%, 2.3%, 0.8%, 7.2%, and 8.3% for rectal cancer among women. The PAFs of selected risk factors were 46.2% for colon and 42.4% for rectum among men, while 24.3% for colon and 18.9% for rectum among women. The attributable numbers of colon and rectal cancer to selected risk factors were 4,028 and 3,049 cases among men, respectively, while 1,644 and 778 cases among women in the year of 2015. ConclusionChanges in modifiable risk factors could prevent half of the colorectal cancer in the Korean population.
The Conway–Sloane calculus for 2-adic lattices
Authors: Allcock Daniel , Gal Itamar , Mark Alice
Published: October 2020

We motivate and explain the system introduced by Conway and Sloane for working with quadratic forms over the 2-adic integers, and prove its validity. Their system is far better for actual calculations than earlier methods, and has been used for many years, but no proof has been published before now.
Right Angled Artin Groups and partial commutation, old and new
Authors: Bartholdi Laurent , Härer Henrika , Schick Thomas
Published: October 2020

We systematically treat algebraic objects with free partially commuting generators and give short and modern proofs of the various relations between them. These objects include right angled Artin groups, polynomial rings, Lie algebras, and restricted Lie algebras in partially commuting free generators. In particular, we compute the

p

-central and exponent-

p

series of all right angled Artin groups, and compute the dimensions of their subquotients. We also describe their associated Lie algebras, and relate them to the cohomology ring of the group as well as to polynomial and power series rings in partially commuting variables. We finally show how the growth series of these various objects are related to each other.
A linking invariant for algebraic curves
Authors: Guerville-Ballé Benoît , Meilhan Jean-Baptiste
Published: October 2020

We construct a topological invariant of algebraic plane curves, which is in some sense an adaptation of the linking number of knot theory. This invariant is shown to be a generalization of the

\mathcal I

-invariant of line arrangements developed by the first author with Artal and Florens. We give two practical tools for computing this invariant, using a modification of the usual braid monodromy or using the connected numbers introduced by Shirane. As an application, we show that this invariant distinguishes several Zariski pairs, i.e., pairs of curves having same combinatorics, yet different topologies. The former is the well known Zariski pair found by Artal, composed of a smooth cubic with 3 tangent lines at its inflexion points. The latter is formed by a smooth quartic and 3 bitangents.
Role of Abandoned and Vacant Houses on Aedes aegypti Productivity
Authors: Barrera Roberto , Acevedo Veronica , Amador Manuel
Published: October 2020

The control of container Aedes species by house inspections usually achieves insufficient coverage and impact because a percentage of residents are absent and some residents refuse inspections and treatments. In addition, another fraction of the buildings may be uninhabited, such as those for rent or sale, or abandoned. Although the productivity of Aedes aegypti has been investigated in abandoned lots, less is known about the importance of uninhabited buildings. We investigated Ae. aegypti pupal productivity in inhabited, vacant, and abandoned houses and its interaction with socioeconomic levels (SELs). We found pupae in containers of 386 houses (66 abandoned, 62 vacant, and 258 inhabited) in 19 neighborhoods in southern Puerto Rico from May to August 2017. Using a generalized linear model, we found a significant interaction between the status of the house (abandoned, vacant, and inhabited) and SELs (low, medium) on Ae. aegypti pupal abundance. More pupae were found in abandoned and inhabited houses of low SELs. The lowest productivity was found in vacant houses, regardless of the SEL. Most containers producing Ae. aegypti in low-SEL houses were discarded on backyards, whereas in medium SELs, most productivity came from containers in use. Septic tanks producing Ae. aegypti were found only in houses of low SELs, where most emerging mosquitoes came from inhabited houses. We did not find any pupae of Ae. aegypti on roofs. These results indicate that proper yard management could significantly reduce the production of Ae. aegypti and the risk of dengue infections in low-SEL neighborhoods.
Numerical Characterization of Brake System Cooling, Aerodynamic, and Particle Soiling Performances under Driving Conditions
Authors: Cho Young-Chang , Jilesen Jonathan , Kandasamy Satheesh
Published: October 2020

Effective cooling of a heated brake system is critical for vehicle safety and reliability. While some flow devices can redirect airflow more favorably for convective cooling, such a change typically accompanies side effects, such as increased aerodynamic drag and inferior control of brake dust particles. The former is critical for fuel efficiency while the latter for vehicle’s soiling and corrosion as well as non-exhaust emissions. These competing objectives are assessed in this study based on the numerical simulations of an installed brake system under driving conditions. The thermal behavior of the brake system as well as aerodynamic impact and brake dust particle deposition on areas of interest are solved using a coupled 3D transient flow solver, PowerFLOW. Typical design considerations related to enhanced brake cooling, such as cooling duct, wheel deflector, and brake air deflector, are characterized to evaluate the thermal, aerodynamic and soiling performance targets. The leading mechanisms relating the changes in cooling airflow and their impact on performance are discussed. In addition, parametric sensitivity and interactions are analyzed in the design scenario. The proposed approach can be leveraged to evaluate the complex design trade-offs for a brake system in any development stage without the need for a physical model or testing.
Trend analysis of production, consumption and export of cashew crop in West Africa
Authors: Kolliesuah N.P. , Saysay J.L. , Zinnah M.M. , Freeman A.T. , Chinenye D.
Published: October 2020

West Africa is a core producer of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), supplying 45% of the commodity on the global market. Despite this huge share of the international market, only 10% of the commodity is processed and consumed domestically. The low rate of consumption is reflected by low investment in the cashew industry, making the crop underutilised as a food and nutrition security crop in the region. The objective of this study was to analyse the trends in production, levels of consumption and export of the crop in West Africa, as a basis for informing strategic development interventions. This work utilised metadata from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation database, Nitidae and other relevant sources to explore the production, consumption and export patterns of cashew from the year 2000 up to 2017. The metadata used were analysed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that eleven (Cote D’Ivoire, Nigeria, Benin, Guinea Bissau, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Guinea, The Gambia, Senegal, and Togo) of the sixteen countries in West Africa were actively engaged in cashew production. It was also projected that production will decline in the next five years in countries such as Nigeria, Togo, Senegal, and Burkina Faso due to a reduction in the land under cashew cultivation, an increase in pest and disease infestations, coupled with a decline in genetic improvement and poor extension services. Production will remain stable in The Gambia and Guinea Bissau because most trees there are yet to hit the peak of production; and of reduced investment in research and development. Cashew consumption locally is dismal (<10% across the region) due to limited attention given to the processing industry in the region. To boost local production and consumption, as well maintain the 45% share of the international market in the next five years and beyond, it is essential to invest in genetic improvement, modification of agronomic practices, and investment in the processing industry, as well as research and development of the crop.
Status of vegetative propagation of baobab: A review
Authors: Agbohessou M. , Salako K.V. , Idohou R. , Gbedomon R.C. , Hounkpèvi A. , Chadare F.J. , Glèlè Kakaï R. , Assogbadjo A.E.
Published: October 2020

The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a large tree of great socio-economic and cultural importance in Africa, with almost all the parts of the species used for various purposes. A major concern about baobab fruit pulp production is the long time it takes for first fruiting (about 15 years). Vegetative propagation offers several advantages with regard to consumers’ preferences and precociousness of fructification. The objective of this study was to synthesise existent knowledge related to vegetative propagation methods of baobab and examine future prospects for improving the species propagation. This will ultimately contribute to better integrate baobab-based agroforestry systems into the diversification and poverty alleviation programmes. It is clear that cutting, grafting and in vitro multiplication are the vegetative propagation methods already tested on baobab. The success of grafting methods ranges from 10 to 89%, depending on the technique used. The Murashige and Skoog environment, supplemented with or without growth regulator hormones is by far the best condition for the in vitro reactivity of baobab explants, regardless of their types. With regards to cuttings, the average success rates stand around 30% when Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone is used. Other approaches such as marcotting techniques are yet to be tested and data on fruit production using these techniques are still needed in order to determine the best promising method for rapid and efficient vegetative propagation of baobab.
Utilisation of labour among pig farmers in northern Uganda
Authors: Mugonya J. , Kalule S.W. , Ndyomugyenyi E.K.
Published: October 2020

In many sub-Saharan countries, pig (Susscrofa domesticus) production is increasingly an important food security and income generating activity for smallholder farmers. This is attributed to the high prospects for vigilance of the pork market, driven by urbanisation, population growth and dietary transition towards more animal protein per capita. Therefore, increasing pig production is one of the viable pathways to get smallholder farmers out of poverty and food insecurity. Although there are extensive studies about the elements of pig production, such as feeding, breeding and space requirements; little work has been done on distribution of innovation behaviour and the socio-economic factors that influence labour utilisation in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the socio-economic factors that influence labour (family or hired) utilisation and distribution of innovation behaviour among pig farmers in Northern Uganda. Through a cross sectional survey and descriptive analysis, we characterised smallholder pig farmers in the northern Uganda by type of labour used for pig production, and explored the distribution of the dimensions of innovation behaviour (exploration, experimentation, adaptation and modification) among them. Results revealed that young educated farmers with non-farm employment, a smaller household size, belonging to a farmer group and who had many pigs were more likely to use hired labour than those with counter characteristics. There were significant differences in the number of farmers who exhibited the different dimensions of innovation behavior. Therefore, interventions to boost pig production through the use of hired labour should consider the socio-economic differences among farmers which determine labour constraints they face.
Effects of dietary β-carotene on growth and pigmentation of ornamental carp (koi, Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Effiong M.U. , Ufodike E.B.C.
Published: October 2020

The study aimed at testing the effects of dietary β-carotene supplementation on growth, feed utilization and pigmentation of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry (mean weight 0.43±0.00g and total length of 1.34±0.00cm). Five levels of carotenoid concentrations (0.00, 0.003, 0.006, 0.008, 0.010g/kg) were employed to formulate a 38.00% protein balanced diet. The diets were designated and referred to as Control, Diet 1, Diet 2, Diet 3 and Diet 4 respectively. Fish were stocked at 10fish/15.6litre capacity aquaria and reared for 12weeks. Fry were fed in triplicates at 5% body weight. The database was analyzed and results revealed a dose dependent percentage weight gain with koi carp treated with the extracts experiencing 667.44±10.48%, 691.47±2.79%, 865.12±16.33% and 854.34±12.42% for Diets 1 to 4 respectively. Proximate analysis of fish flesh revealed no significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments in all the parameters. Astaxanthin dominated the body of koi carp, regardless of the concentrations of dietary β-carotene included in the diets. Survival rates were generally high and was not particularly dependent on carotenoid inclusion level. Inference from the study showed that β-carotene at 0.003g/kg to 0.010g/kg inclusion in the diets resulted in increased food conversion, mean weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio.

Keywords: β-carotene, growth, survival, feed utilization, koi carp.
Perfil econômico e familiar de crianças com atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em um hospital na Amazônia
Authors: Kadosaki Danilo Jun , Luz Polyana Nathércia Vale da , Macias Luana Lobato , Dias Sheila Mara
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento do perfil socioeconômico e familiar das crianças com atraso no desenvolvimento infantil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo. Participaram desse estudo 100 crianças diagnósticadas com algum grau no atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Resultados: Visto isso, em relação ao grau de parentesco do responsável que respondeu o questionário é de 88% relacionado a variável mãe. Além disso, a figura paterna não ajuda na criação dos filhos em 32%, e na dinâmica familiar os pais se encontram separados em 41%. A renda familiar que apresenta mais prevalência é de até 1 salário mínimo; o grau de escolaridade da mãe e do pai que adquiriram mais notoriedade foram de ensino médio completo e de ensino fundamental incompleto, respectivamente. Conclusão: O estudo identificou notoriedade em diversas variáveis que corroboram com elementos descritos na literaturas que podem interferir no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, como a ausência do pai e renda familiar
Polikistik Over Sendromu ve Obezite: FTO ve MC4R Gen Polimorfizmlerinin Rolü
Authors: ÖZTURAN ŞİRİN Ayçıl , AKDEVELİOĞLU Yasemin
Published: October 2020

Polikistik Over Sendromu (PKOS) etiyolojisi karmaşık olan multifaktöriyel bir endokrin bozukluktur. Ayrıca kadınlarda obezite ve tip 2 diyabet gelişim riskini arttıran metabolik bozukluklarla da ilişkilidir. Obezite/adipozite ve insülin direnci PKOS’lu kadınlarda oldukça sık karşılaşılan bir problemdir. İnsan genomunun ayrıntılı olarak incelendiği genom projelerinde obezite ve bazı hastalıklarla ilişkili çok sayıda gen ve genetik varyasyonların bulunduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu genler içerisinde yağ kütlesi ve obezite ile ilişkili gen (FTO) ve melanokortin-4 reseptör geni (MC4R) varyantları obezite, aşırı vücut ağırlığı ve tip 2 diyabet ile ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle FTO ve MC4R genlerinin obezite/adipozite gelişimine etkileri yoluyla PKOS ile ilişkili olabileceği öne sürülmektedir. Bu derleme makalede obeziteyle ilişkili bazı gen polimorfizmlerinin (FTO ve MC4R) PKOS ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir.
Class Size and School Performance: An Analysis of Elementary and Middle Schools
Authors: Etim James S. , Etim Alice S. , Blizard Zachary D.
Published: October 2020

The class size debate is still ongoing among researchers, even though smaller class sizes are widely supported by parents, teachers, and the public. To contribute to this discussion, data was taken from the North Carolina (NC) School Report Cards (SRC) datasets and used to address two questions: First, is there a relationship between an elementary school’s performance score and average class size?  Second, is there a relationship between a middle school’s performance score and average class size? Using the results from a linear regression and ordered logit, we find that average class size significantly predicts both NC elementary and middle school performance. However, the estimates suggest that higher average class size is negatively related to elementary school performance, but positively related to middle school performance. These results suggest that the impact of class size on student and school performance may depend on the grade levels in question, for example, elementary or middle school. We conclude that policymakers should act carefully when manipulating class sizes, since the effect may depend on the grade levels.
Analyzing Educational Objectives that Include Critical Thinking: Dot Product Problems in Vector Algebra
Authors: Gacovska-Barandovska Aneta , Celakoska-Jordanova Vesna , Celakoska Emilija
Published: October 2020

The primary and secondary school educational system should be stable and any upgrading reforms should be made gradually and consistently. This is especially important in mathematics education, since the element of logical reasoning while learning is more prominent there. Inconsistencies in reforms generate deficiencies in the higher levels of young students’ reasoning skills and this situation continues on the university stage of education. We will report our findings about the reasoning of first-year university students on elements of geometry and associated algebra. We conducted an experiment where students’ understanding of the definition of dot product of two vectors, cosine function and linear (in)dependence of vectors is evaluated, and address their mathematical activity to provide insight into the key elements of the problem they are solving. We use Bloom’s and SOLO taxonomy as a tool for the assessment of our findings. We obtained the data from written exams given to vector algebra students and also from individual interviews.
The Effectiveness of Multimedia Instructional Learning Packages in Enhancing Secondary School Students’ Attitudes toward Biology
Authors: Akinbadewa Bukola Omowumi , Sofowora Olaniyi Alaba
Published: October 2020

The study investigated the effectiveness of multimedia learning packages in improving the attitudes of students toward learning Biology in secondary schools. The study employed a quantitative and qualitative research approach. The population for the study consisted of all students offering Biology as a subject in the senior secondary schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Nigeria, from where a sample of 80 students was randomly selected from three secondary schools and assigned to three groups (one control and two experimental groups). Two multimedia instructional learning packages (MILP) were designed for the study. The topic treated was Cell Division, and the study lasted for six weeks. The packages and all instruments used were validated for content and construct validity, and reliability test was also done. The results showed that multimedia instructional packages used in teaching and learning Biology in secondary schools enhanced better students’ engagements and positive attitudes toward learning. It was concluded that students developed positive attitudes toward learning Biology after using the packages and that multimedia instructional packages are an interesting and creative method of teaching, learning, and enhancing positive attitudes towards learning among secondary school students.
Multimodal Pedagogies in Teaching English for Specific Purposes in Higher Education: Perceptions, Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Laadem Meryem , Mallahi Hind
Published: October 2020

The rapid growth and renovation from print-based to multimodal information has still not received sufficient attention from the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). In fact, a multimodal pedagogy is a new evolving educational concept and practice. It is regarded as a source of creativity and modernity for both teachers and students. It actually refers to the paradigm revolutions in teaching based on what could be useful, effective and relevant to students’ needs and interests and its development will ground the principles of student-centered approach. In essence, multimodal pedagogies work across the linguistic and visual modes to fulfill the purposes of the text and the context in order to appropriately organize, develop information and ideas, and convey meaning. The present paper advocates the need to reconsider ESP through multimodal practice to ensure new opportunities of interactive learner engagement. This means that language learners should learn how to exploit semiotic modes beyond the verbal message in order to effectively enhance their awareness and facilitate comprehension. In short, this paper will briefly define modes, the issues of how multimodal environments can affect ESP and how multimodal modes can have an impact on students’ motivation and teacher-student interaction.
The Reconstruction Model of Science Learning based PhET-Problem Solving
Authors: Doloksaribu Florida Emmy , Triwiyono Triwiyono
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the effects of science learning model reconstruction based on student needs, in order to generate more operational standards and teaching materials. The conceptual understanding through virtual laboratory appears minimal, based on the analysis addressing the demands of junior high school students in several locations in Papua. Hence, there is a necessity to reform the learning structure through the utilization of physics education technology (PhET). Furthermore, the model was reconstructed by the Model Education of Reconstruction with fundamental principles, including an analysis of the education needs based on PhET-Problem solving, to compose context describing energy materials and its changes. Expert validation on the accuracy of illustrations, drawings, tasks, exercises, and questions, indicates the model is eligible. The participants are 60 students control and experiment group for junior high school public 11 Jayapura. The results showed the science learning model has demonstrated increased virtual experiment abilities and conceptual understanding trought pretest and postest based N-Gain. Analysis of data based normality test and independent test (T-test), meanwhile, there is a significant differences between experimental and control group. Outcome of students' responses for a separate learning model reflected positive.