bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of Tooth Surface Abrasiveness of Herbal and Non-herbal Toothpaste.
Authors: Vaibhav Tandon  , Diya Kumari  , Syed Amaan Ali
Published: July 2023

Background: Abrasion is the mechanical wearing of dental hard tissue and commonly affects cervical tooth structure. The main predisposing factors for abrasion are the tooth brushing method and the type of toothpaste used. Toothpaste is an important component in the etiology of abrasion. Most toothpaste contains abrasive agents for cleaning, maintaining, and improving tooth health. There are two types of toothpaste commercially available; synthetic and herbal formulations. Synthetic toothpastes typically contain abrasive agents, such as calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, silica or hydrated silica for removing debris and stains. High amounts of abrasives in toothpastes may damage hard and soft tissues and dental restorations, leading to gingival recession, cervical abrasion and dentinal hypersensitivity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the abrasive effect of herbal toothpastes compared with non-herbal toothpaste.

 

Methods: 300 patients were randomly selected those who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Subjects participating in this study were equally divided into 2 groups. Group A:  Herbal toothpaste, Group B:  Non Herbal tooth gel. The presence and type of cervical defects in each person will be diagnosing using the tooth wear index (TWI).

 

Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in value of enamel abrasion amongst Group A and B (p<0.05). Statistical analysis used in this study was one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)

 

Conclusions: The least enamel abrasion was observed in non herbal tooth gel when compared with herbal toothpaste.
Effect of different apical plug thickness of calcium silicate cements on fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth
Authors: Mahajan Sarish , Manuja Naveen , Chaudhary Seema
Published: July 2023

Aim and Objectives: Treatment goal of traumatized immature teeth is to provide a restoration that reinforces the tooth structure to improve function and esthetics. The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effect of different apical plug thickness of calcium silicate cements on fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth.

Materials and Method: Eighty single rooted human teeth were sectioned and divided into eight groups (n=10). In Group I (positive control) no instrumentation was done. In the remaining seventy teeth endodontic access preparation was done and the root canals were instrumented with Peeso reamers. Group 2 (negative control), was filled with calcium hydroxide. In group 3, 4 5; MTA Plus was inserted into root canals to create 3-mm and 6-mm apical plugs and full obturation, respectively. Similarly in Group 6, 7, 8; Biodentine was inserted to create a 3-mm and 6-mm apical plug and full obturation, respectively. The remainder section of the canals in Group 3, 4 6, 7 were obturated with conventional gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The fracture testing of each specimen was performed using a Universal Testing Machine and force was recorded in newton (N). The values obtained was statistically analyzed using one way Anova and Post Hoc Tukeys tests.

Results: The maximum fracture resistance was seen in Group 3, which showed significantly greater values than Group 1, 2, 5, 6, 7&8 (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the Group 3 and 4 and between Group 6 and 7 (P > .05).

Conclusion: Up to 6mm thickness of apical plug can be created with MTA Plus and Biodentine without deteriorating the fracture resistance of tooth complex.
TAD Assisted Retraction in A Lingual Appliance for Correction of Dentoalveolar Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Mishra Shalini , Kumar Mukesh , Goyal Manish , Bhushan Prateek , Priya Parul , Kaushik Surbhi
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Orthodontics, in today’s contemporary world, is focused mainly on aesthetics. Most of the adult patients are reluctant to orthodontic treatment due to their un-aesthetic appearance. To answer such problems several options are available, ranging from aesthetic brackets, made from tooth-coloured plastic or ceramic, another option is Invisalign, which is restricted to the treatment of only certain kinds of simple malocclusions. Hence, the lingual appliance selected for this case is by far the best option available from the aesthetic outlook and mechanical aspect however torque control of anterior teeth in lingual orthodontic appliance has always been considered a major problem. For maintaining the torque value of anterior teeth either we have to apply direct moment and force to the lingual brackets or by using a different combination of lever-arm and mini-screws mechanics to deliver force in a line that passes through or near to the center of resistance. In the present case, we utilized the combination of long lever-arm and palatal mini-implant system to produce a controlled en-masse retraction of the anterior teeth. This customised long lever arm created by soldering one power to others such that the point of force application is close the center of resistance.
Studying the load of composite brake pads under high-temperature impact from the rolling surface of wheels
Authors: Panchenko Sergii , Gerlici Juraj , Vatulia Glib , Lovska Alyona , Ravlyuk Vasyl , Harusinec Jozef
Published: July 2023

The object of the research is the processes of thermal stress, perception and redistribution of loads by the brake composite pad during braking of the car in operation. In the current conditions, wedge-dual wear of composite brake pads is observed in the braking systems of freight cars, the feature of which is the deterioration of the braking efficiency of freight trains. With this type of wear, both an increase in the load on the brake pad and an "underuse" of the amount of pressure on it can occur. A comprehensive thermal calculation was carried out for composite brake pads with uniform and wedge-dual wear. The results of the calculation showed that the amount of pressure on an abnormally worn pad is 23.3 % less than that acting on a pad with nominal values. It has been proven that the change in the pressure force on the composite pad with different values of the wear parameters during braking leads to a change in the braking force that occurs between the wheel and the rail during braking. The calculation of the strength of the composite brake pad with wedge-dual wear was carried out. The obtained results will make it possible to develop measures to modernize the elements of the brake lever transmission of freight cars. The field of practical use of the obtained results is car-building enterprises. The conditions for the practical use of the results are the brake lever transmissions of carriages of cars with a gauge of 1520 mm. The conducted studies prove the negative impact of wedge-dual wear not only on braking efficiency, but also on the strength of brake pads. This makes it necessary to create measures aimed at its elimination, which will contribute to increasing the level of train traffic safety and significantly reducing the operational costs of maintaining freight cars
Shift work and psychophysiological changes
Authors: Tokić Andrea
Published: July 2023

Shift work is considered a risk factor for health problems due to the continuous desynchronization and resynchronization of circadian rhythms. This study used heart rate measurement during sleep to determine whether shift work, and different length of this work, affects nonlinear aspects of cardiovascular dynamics, indicators of the autonomous nervous system, in healthy shift workers. The study included 48 healthy, premenopausal, female participants (nurses) divided in two groups of equal age and length of service. One group worked in a three-shift rotation system and the other (control) worked only the day shift. Cardiac activity (R-R intervals) was monitored continuously during sleep using the Data Logging System. Cardiac activity was recorded in both day and shift workers at night after the second consecutive day shift. Results showed that shift workers with up to 10 years of service had higher values of correlation dimension than the equivalent group of day workers but shift workers with more than 10 years of service had lower values of correlation dimension than comparable groups of day workers. All shift workers, regardless of length of service, had significantly higher indices of determinism than day workers, but the index of determinism slightly enlarges with increased years of services. Generally, it seems that shift work has a negative impact on cardiovascular dynamics from the very beginning, and nonlinear parameters of cardiovascular dynamics can be potential predictors of future health problems.
Neki aspekti života odraslih samaca
Authors: Šimunić Ana , Mustapić Luka
Published: July 2023

On a global level, from year to year there is an increase in the number of singles, that is, people who, either willingly or unwillingly, are not in any form of partner relationship, which increases the need for research into this specific phenomenon. This paper presents certain aspects of singlehood and the challenges faced by singles, which have been reviewed and researched in the previous literature: the reasons that lead to singlehood, ubiquitous stereotypes and discrimination, the psychological well-being of singles and their functioning in the context of the workplace and complying work with family and private life. Specific methodological challenges in the given field of research and guidelines for future research are also presented. Mainly, in this paper, singleness is analyzed taking into account the perspective of never-married adults without children, who are not in a committed romantic relationship. Despite the fact that, due to their status, they often have to face criticism from those who do not respect the plurality of attitudes and life choices, single people in terms of subjective well-being, generally did not prove to be inferior to married people. Nevertheless, the relationship between marital status and psychological well-being is still complicated and ambiguous. It has been shown that it is necessary to appeal for equality of rights and treatment in terms of working conditions, regardless of a person’s personal and family status, which would ultimately have a beneficial effect on organizations and society as a whole. The lack of a larger number of targeted studies of single people in Croatia is evident. In view of the above, it would be necessary to perform more detailed research that would thoroughly examine the role of the variables presented in this paper in the context of singlehood, but also other mechanisms and determinants of satisfaction and well-being of this group of people.
The role of stress factors in the formation of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: characteristics of anxiety-phobic and depressive disorders
Authors: Shubina M. V. , Tereshchenko S. Yu. , Gorbacheva N. N.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. There is enough evidence of the influence of the psycho-emotional state of children on the development of gas-troesophageal reflux disease, numerous studies reveal anxiety and depressive disorders in them. However, there is no common understanding of the specific causal relationships underlying the pathogenesis of this disease.

Aim. To identify the features and possible causes of anxiety and depressive disorders in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease and analyze their role using Yu.I. Burlan's system-vector psychology.

Materials and methods. 677 adolescents aged 11-17 years were examined on the basis of the pediatric department in the Clinic of the Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North (Krasnoyarsk). The gastroesophageal reflux diseasewas diagnosed by testing according to the Russian version of the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire. Computerized testing “The Development and Well-Being Assessment” was used to identify mental disorders.

Results. In children with gastroesophageal reflux disease, all kinds of fears were significantly more common: fear of separation - 50.0 (25.1-74.9)%; darkness, thunderstorms, thunder, heights - 66.7 (38.6-86.1)%; blood injections, wounds - 58.3 (31.6-80.8)%; loud noise - 33.3 (13.9-61.4)%; to be far from home - 41.7 (19.2-68.4)%. 41.7 (19.2-68.4)% of children had manifestations of depression, which is 2 times more often than in the control group, and every fourth had self-harm. Separation from friends, panic attacks, fear of death, melancholy, resentment, learning problems, appearance were indicated as the causes of depression.

Conclusions. The causal relationships disclosed by the system-vector psychology, according to which certain stress factors play an important role in the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease. These factors depend on the type of character: for emotional children, these are all kinds of fears, phobias, breaking emotional ties, problems in relationships with others, and for obedient and calm children - resentment, learning problems and any factor of novelty (change of the usual environment, living conditions, team).
Atezolizumab and bevacizumab in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer with adverse factors and tumor thrombosis
Authors: Dzhanyan I. A. , Khagazheeva M. N. , Breder V. V. , Yudin D. I. , Pogrebnyakov I. V. , Kuzminov A. E. , Antonova E. Yu. , Starostin N. M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Hepatocellular cancer in the Russian Federation remains an important problem due to the high one-year mortality rate, which is 61.9%. Рercentage of advanced stages of newly diagnosed patients – about 60%. We present the results combination therapy atezolizumab + bevacizumab in the first line in patients with HCC and unfavorable prognostic factors.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of using the anti-VEGF/PD-L1 regimen of atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab as first-line therapy in 23 patients with HCC and tumor thrombosis of the portal vein in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. The material of Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology on the 23 patients with advanced HCC and tumor thrombosis of the portal vein, we receive the first line of therapy Atezolizumab 1200 mg + Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg 1 time in 21 days until progression or until intolerable toxicity. Efficiency was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. Analysis and statistical processing of the study results was carried out using the SPSS Statistics 23.0 program, based on the collected database. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Descriptive statistics methods were used to analyze the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.Results. At median follow-up, one-year survival is estimated at 51.6%. Median progression-to-progression survival in the poor prognosis group was 13.2 months. The median overall survival was not reached. Efficacy of therapy: a partial response registered in 4 (17.5%), stabilization in 16 (65.5%), progression in 3 (13%). Grade 3 adverse events were detected in 6 (26%) patients. Cases of arterial hypertension of the 3 were observed in 2 patients (9%); bleeding from esophageal varices of the 3rd degree in 3 patients (13%); only 1 patient (4%) had autoimmune hepatitis, grade 3 diarrhea in one patient (4%).Conclusions. The use of atezolizumab + bevacizumab shows effective efficacy even in the group of patients with HCC complicated by thrombosis of the branches and trunk of the portal vein. Moreover, progression-free overall survival was better than in patients with distal portal vein thrombosis.
Place of fulvestrant in the treatment of patients with metastatic luminal Her2-negative breast cancer
Authors: Frolova M. A. , Stenina M. B.
Published: July 2023

Hormone therapy alone or in combination with targeted agents (CDK4/6 inhibitors, alpelisib, everolimus) is currently the standard treatment of metastatic luminal Her2-negative breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant are the main hormone therapy agents. Fulvestrant belongs to a special class of antiestrogens – selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERD) and does not have estrogen receptor agonist activity, unlike tamoxifen. In addition, the efficacy of fulvestrant does not depend on the presence of ESR1 mutations in the tumor. The combination of aromatase inhibitors with CDK4/6 inhibitors is the standard first-line treatment in patients with hormone-sensitive tumors, that is, with progression of more than 1 year after the end of adjuvant hormone therapy. Whereas fulvestrant ± CDK4/6 inhibitors are used for disease progression on adjuvant hormonal therapy in the 1st line or as 2nd line for progression on aromatase inhibitor therapy for metastatic cancer. The choice of treatment for patients with a PIK3CA mutation with progression on the 1st line of fulvestrant with a CDK4/6 inhibitor is difficult. This article presents a clinical example of the use of a combination of fulvestrant and alpelisib in a patient with secondary hormone resistance (progression on the adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors) and progression on the first-line therapy with fulvestrant and palbociclib. Carrying out therapy with fulvestrant and alpelisib as the 2nd line provided a long-term (for 14 months) stabilization of the tumor process.
Mosaic variant of trisomy on chromosome 8 (Warkany syndrome): report on a rare clinical case in a newborn boy after IVF fertilization
Authors: Kagantsov I. M. , Belonog O. L. , Sukhotskaya A. A. , Nikulina T. S. , Sherbakov A. A. , Petrova N. A. , Li O. A. , Petrov D. V. , Volkova Yu. V. , Amidkhonova S. A. , Pervunina T. M.
Published: July 2023

Varkani syndrome or trisomy 8 mosaicism (T8M) - is a described chromosomal anomaly with a frequency of 1 : 25,000 to 1 : 50,000 births, which is more common in men than in women (5 : 1). In the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Almazov NMRC, a 28-year-old woman was admitted at 39 weeks' gestation with a aggravated somatic history. Pregnancy occurred with the support of auxiliary reproductive technologies: extorporepical fertilization due to the male factor, overpermation and asthenospermia caused by mumps transferred in childhood. Antenatally diagnosed: multiple congenital malformations of the fetus: agenesis of the corpus callosum, triventricularhydrocephalus, macrocephaly, bilateral ureterohydronephrosis; megacystis. The spouses were karyotyped, karyotypes 46, XX - normal female and 46, XY - normal male. According to the results of the karyogram, the fetal karyotype is 46, XY - normal male. From the first day of life, the child has clinical epileptic myolonic generalized attacks. According to the results of the study: Neurosonography confirmed the presence of a malformation of the brain. Echocardiography: Ventricular septal defect (VSD). Ultrasound of the abdominal organs revealed bilateral ureterohydronephrosis with expansion of the pelvicalyceal system and ureters. At the age of 28 days, due to the existing neurogenic disorder of the function of the bladder against the background of a fixed spinal cord in order to constant urine, vesicostomy is performed. Performed diagnostic laparoscopy: in the right iliac region spreads education with a diameter of 2 cm, which is a diverticular-cystic doubling of the ileum. A wedge-shaped resection of the base of the diverticulum was performed, the operation was completed by vesicostomy. Discharged home in a satisfactory condition at the age of 2 months. As a result of karyotyping of the newborn, the result mos47, XY, +8[7]/46, XY [9] was obtained - a mosaic variant of trisomy on chromosome 8. Mosaicism of trisomy 8 rare chromosomal anomaly. The clinical case described by us is characterized by a combination of severe congenital defects, which were not previously reported. This is the first time of the birth of a child with a trisomy of 8 chromosome after auxiliary reproductive technologies: extracurporeal fertilization.
Expanding the usage of osimertinib as adjuvant therapy for EGFR-mutated NSCLC: a model-based assessment of its impact on reducing cancer mortality in Russia
Authors: Avxentyev N. A. , Makarov A. S. , Sisigina N. N.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Platinum-based chemo have long been the only option for adjuvant therapy after tumor resection in early-stage NSCLC. Osimertinib is EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which demonstrated efficacy as adjuvant therapy in patients with NSCLC.Aim. To evaluate the effects of expanding the use of osimertinib as adjuvant therapy for EGFR+ NSCLC on reducing cancer mortality in Russia.Materials and methods. According to the ADAURA clinical trial, osimertinib has shown a significant reduction in the risk of recurrence or death, with hazard ratio of 0.17 and a 99% confidence interval of 0.11–0.26, p < 0.001. However, long-term overall survival data is not yet available in the literature. To evaluate the potential benefits of osimertinib as an adjuvant therapy for EGFR+ NSCLC, a model was proposed, which aims to describe the time to recurrence and overall survival of patients over a 10-year horizon, with or without use of osimertinib. We also evaluated the additional costs associated with expanding the use of osimertinib for this particular indication.Results. In Russia, the use of osimertinib as an adjuvant therapy for NSCLC has the potential to benefit approximately 1 280 patients annually. Currently, around 450 patients are already receiving osimertinib as adjuvant therapy, leaving room for an additional 830 patients to be considered for this treatment option. If all eligible patients receive osimertinib, it is estimated that there could be a reduction of 683 cancer-related deaths over a span of 10 years. The long-term effects of osimertinib are particularly noteworthy, as they can positively impact the proportion of patients registered for five or more years by an increase of 0.006 percentage points, and among lung cancer patients by 0.231 percentage points. The additional costs associated with this expansion are estimated at 2.2 billion rubles per year.Conclusions. The use of osimertinib as an adjuvant therapy for EGFR+ NSCLC has a significant and quantifiable impact on reducing cancer-related mortality in Russia.
The role of NEPA, a combination of netupitant and palonosetron, in the prevention of nausea and vomiting: case report and literature review
Authors: Rumyantsev A. A. , Ryabishina O. E.
Published: July 2023

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most common complications of the systemic anticancer treatment. The manifestations of this complication are largely determined by subjective perceptions and individual characteristics of patients, but this complication may have unprecedented negative impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. There were significant advances in CINV prophylaxis in the recent decades, with many effective antiemetic drugs entering routine clinical practice. Current clinical guidelines for antiemetic therapy provide various possible strategies for CINV prevention, but do not give any specific guidance on the selection of individual agents within each class of emetogenic potential. NEPA, which is a fixed-dose combination of NK1-antagonist netupitant and 5-HT3 antagonist palonosteron, is the most recent antiemetic drug in clinical practice. This article reviews current data on the effectiveness of this drug and aims to define its “niche” in antiemetic therapy. The results of historical and most relevant studies demonstrating the effectiveness of NEPA in CINV prevention, pharmacological features of the drug and its potential advantages are discussed. The role of the drug in the existing therapeutic arsenal was evaluated using the example of a clinical report of treatment of a patient with an aggravated history (type 2 diabetes mellitus with poorly controlled hyperglycaemia) The patient achieved a complete response to the antiemetic therapy: no episodes of vomiting during treatment, the severity of nausea did not exceed the 1st grade, no additional prescription of antiemetic drugs was required.
Efficacy of olaparib maintenance therapy in BRCA1 germline mutations in familial pancreatic cancer patient
Authors: Kornietskaya A. L. , Bolotina L. V. , Evdokimova S. F. , Prizova N. S. , Ustinova T. V. , Deshkina T. I. , Fedenko A. A.
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is one of the most aggressive and unfavourable current oncological diseases. The vast majority of patients have unresectable or metastatic disease at diagnosis. Despite considerable achievements in the drug therapy of most malignant tumours, the immediate and long-term results of the treatment of PaCa still remain extremely unsatisfactory, as overall survival at 5 years does not exceed 10%. The high molecular genetic heterogeneity, which is characteristic of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, the low frequency of driver changes, the diagnostic difficulties, and the rapid progressive deterioration of the general health condition of most patients are just a few of the reasons for the lack of highly specific treatment. Understanding that about 10–15% of pancreatic tumours are a manifestation of genetically determined syndromes has changed the pharmaceutical treatment options for this cohort of patients. BRCA1/2 mutation carrier status is one of these reasons, while the relative risk of PaCa is 2.36 in BRCA1 mutation and 3.34 in BRCA2, respectively. The PARP inhibitor therapy experience and proven efficacy allowed to successfully use this group of drugs in the treatment of BRCA-mutated ovarian and breast cancers. The double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III POLO trial showed the benefit of olaparib as maintenance therapy in BRCA-mutated PaCa. This article presents a clinical case report of the use of olaparib in a patient with familial BRCA1-mutated metastatic PaCa.
Palbociclib: efficacy and safety in older patients
Authors: Kornietskaya A. L. , Bolotina L. V. , Evdokimova S. F. , Savchina V. V. , Karagodina Yu. B.
Published: July 2023

The development and introduction of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors into clinical practice is one of the main achievements over the last 10 years in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. All randomized trials demonstrated clinically significant efficacy of endocrine therapy plus CDK4/6 inhibitors in the first- and second-line therapy for hormone-dependent Her2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Three drugs are currently approved for this indication: palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib. Despite some differences in chemical, biological and pharmacological properties, as well as a range of incongruities between the patient populations enrolled in the clinical studies on the efficacy of various CDK4/6 inhibitors in the firstline therapy, all drugs showed a completely comparable improvement in progression-free survival with a hazard ratio of 0.5 regardless of previous treatments. Further traceability of the results and the accumulation of real-world clinical practice experience allowed to identify a potential difference not only in overall survival and the toxicity profiles, which are characteristic of each of the drugs, but also in the safety of use in patients of an older age group. As patients aged over 75 years are rarely enrolled in the clinical trials, the obtained results cannot be unequivocally extrapolated to this patient population, which is the decisive factor in determining the clinical experience value for an unselected patient population. The article considers clinical case reports of the use of palbociclib in the first-line therapy for hormone-dependent Her2-negative breast cancer in patients over 75 years of age with severe comorbidities.
Tourism in a Unique Destination
Authors: Moloni Pelagia
Published: July 2023

Tourism in Antarctica has been dynamically developed in recent decades, although it is located in a small geographical part of continent. The main reason that visitors plan a trip to the destination, when the opportunity is given, is the natural landscape and wildlife. In addition, overheating of the planet that causes ice to melt has enhanced the feeling of fear as there is severe environmental concern for the coming years. Space and seasonal exclusions make it even more special and the tourist product which is offered by this continent is expensive and requires a lot of preparation. Tourism activity in such a fragile environment has sparked several reactions in the past, mainly from the scientific community, as it is the main recipient of the negative effects of tourism. Furthermore, organized efforts have been made so that the offered product will promote more environmentally friendly trips that will affect the ecosystem as little as possible.
The main objective of this research is to analyze this kind of tourism because of the need for new forms. The positive and negative impacts that tourism can have on the environment and the statistics on arrivals and countries of origin of tourists in recent years are analyzed. Moreover, the tourist packages that seem to be in the greatest demand of visitors are presented. The main research question of this paper is whether this destination can host intense tourism activity. Following an extensive bibliographic review, the research makes it clear that the study area cannot support strong tourism activity even though future tourism forecasts report an additional increase in arrivals.
Abating eutrophication on urban lakes: a case study of Kabaka's Lake, Uganda
Authors: Nakagiri Anne , Mutyaba Abel , Onyutha Charles , Okurut Kenan
Published: July 2023

Eutrophication of water bodies is a challenge in many urban areas. This study measured and modelled quantitatively the pollutant nutrient load of an urban lake (80,596 m2), and assessed both external (constructed wetland) and internal (dredging) eutrophication extenuation measures. For the past 25 years, there has been redistribution (p < 0.005) of the lake's catchment land use, with built-up area increasing by 78.5%, and a reduction in vegetated (37.2%) and water surface (1.8%) areas. A 92.2% reduction in the lakes receiving wetland footprint (p = 0.000003) was noted, with increased nutrient load. The lake's light attenuation was found to be dominated by algae, limited by nitrogen and classified under the oligotrophic class (Trophic State Index < 40), with a threat of eutrophication in an estimated 25 years. Scenario analyses show that the construction of a wetland in the remaining 0.54 hectares of natural wetland will reduce total phosphorus by 35% and total nitrate by 45% (p = 0.05), whereas dredging the lake could reduce them by 80% each (p = 0.0005). Watershed management is the only sustainable solution to control nutrient flow into the lake and enable self-cleansing, factoring in the design of the receiving wetland and groundwater sources.
Struvite separation from wastewater and its use with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria improves phosphorus utilization in alkaline soil
Authors: Rehman Sana ur , Ijaz Shahzada Sohail , Raza Muhammad Ali , Fatima Shroz , Javed Nabeeha , Irfan Muhammad , Hussain Sajad , Siddiqa Ayesha , Lateef Muhammad , Khan Atta ur Rehman , Khan Rameez Akram , Ahmad Touqeer
Published: July 2023

A major portion of phosphatic fertilizer comes from the limiting natural resource, rock phosphate, which demands a timely alternative. Struvite, a crystalline mineral of low solubility, is a worthwhile alternative. Evaluation of the local wastewater streams for their ability to precipitate struvite and its capability as phosphatic fertilizer under an alkaline soil environment was studied. Two stirring speeds, a pH range of 8.0–11.0, and a constant molar ratio were used to optimize local wastewater streams for struvite precipitation. Struvite was used in five different combinations to assess the release of phosphorus (P), including control (no P source), single superphosphate, struvite, struvite + sulfur, and rock phosphate with or without inoculation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). For struvite precipitation, low stirring speeds are ideal because the precipitates readily sink to the bottom once they form. Furthermore, the amalgamation of SOB with sulfur significantly improved P use efficiency under alkaline soils through increased phosphorus sources solubility and enabled optimum wheat production due to its low solubility in an alkaline soil condition. Due to its capacity to recycle phosphorus from wastewater, struvite is poised to emerge as a sustainable fertilizer and had an opportunity to capture a share of this expanding market.
Специфика исполнительных когнитивных функций у людей с разным опытом употребления алкоголя
Authors: Пешковская Анастасия Г.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Executive functions are multidimensional cognitive processes that provide organization and regulation of behavior. Impairments in executive functions are considered to be a risk factor for addiction, including alcohol dependence. However, it is not clear which domains of executive functions are the most vulnerable and how their changes relate to progression to addiction.
Methods. A total of 244 individuals with different alcohol consumption experiences (78 with safe alcohol consumption and 166 with diagnosed alcohol dependence) participated in this study. Executive functions were investigated with the Go/No-Go task, the Simon Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Corsi Block-Tapping Test, implemented in a computerized version on the Cognitive Symphony platform (Russia). In participants with alcohol dependence, data on dependence duration, remission duration, and treatment courses were also considered.
Results of the study showed that participants with alcohol dependence had significantly lower outcomes of executive cognition performance than those who practiced safe alcohol consumption. In particular, alcohol-dependent participants performed worse in cognitive control task (p = 0.0001), attention task (p = 0.026), and cognitive flexibility task (p = 0.006 and p = 0.040). Working memory was also found to be vulnerable, with all alcohol-dependents who performed with lower working memory span compared to participants with safe alcohol consumption (p = 0.044). Subsequent regression analysis showed that cognitive control errors and cognitive flexibility errors in individuals with alcohol dependence were associated with years of alcohol abuse (p < 0.01). In addition, the higher rate of progression to alcohol dependence, the more vulnerable was working memory (p = 0.002559). 
Discussion. The study showed that executive cognition vulnerability in people with alcohol dependence was associated with alcohol abuse duration and dependence progression rate. The study results may contribute to intervention programs that target executive cognitive functions in alcohol addicts and those at high risk for alcohol dependence.
Отчуждение студентов от обучения: могут ли метакогнитивная регуляция и осознание смысла обучения помочь его преодолеть?
Authors: Проненко Евгений А. , Беликова Маргарита Е. , Скрипкина Татьяна П.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. The alienation of students from learning and its consequences are an urgent problem for universities. The study of external and internal factors affecting the state of alienation, including metacognitive and meaning, will be helpful for the creation of prevention and correction programs and reduce the percentage of low academic performance, skipping classes, and deductions. This study is aimed to establish the interrelationships of alienation, metacognitive regulation of activity and the subjectively assessed meaning of learning. Methods. The study involved 209 students aged 17 to 24 years. We used: A test questionnaire "Subjective alienation of educational work", a questionnaire "Metacognitive involvement in activity", and an author's questionnaire to study alienation from education among students of higher educational institutions and its semantic aspects. Results. The analysis showed the presence of negative correlations of the general level of metacognitive regulation of activity with the general indicator of alienation (-0.467, significance at 0.01) and with all scales of the methodology "Subjective alienation of educational work". The level of subjective feeling of fullness of learning with meaning was negatively associated with the general indicator of alienation (-0.564, significance at the level of 0.01) and with all scales of the methodology "Subjective alienation of educational work", and positively associated with the general level of metacognitive regulation of activity (0.471, significance at the level of 0.01). Discussion of the results. The results obtained complement the studies that indicate a significant role of meaning loss, feelings of meaninglessness, the fullness of meaning, and the life meaning of learning in assessing the level of alienation from learning. The relationships between the level of alienation and the level of metacognitive regulation of activity can serve as a starting point for studying how the management of cognition processes and the student's involvement in the learning process are connected. The practical application of the results indicates the importance of increasing the adaptability of students and the importance of specialized training of students to manage their educational activities to reduce the state of alienation and involve them in the educational process.
Happiness in the Workplace of Women Lecturers Based on Work-Family Balance and Work Engagement
Authors: Handayani Nita Sri , Ancok Djamaludin , Putri Dian Kemala
Published: July 2023

Introduction.  Happiness at work is one of the components that can determine the achievement of one's success at work. Lecturers are teaching staff at the tertiary level who are an important component of the education system. Lecturers who have happiness at work will have a higher work engagement with their work, have a high concentration in doing their work, are always enthusiastic in doing all their work, and are always enthusiastic in completing all their work. The purpose of this study was to theoretically test the variables of work-family balance and work engagement on the happiness of female lecturers.
Methods. This research is quantitative research with non-experimental methods. Respondents in this study consisted of 200 female lecturer respondents, who had worked for at least 1 year, had been married for at least 1 year, and had a Masters's degree. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. There are three measurement tools used in this study, namely happiness at work, work-family balance, and work engagement.
Results and Discussion. Retrieval of data in this study using a questionnaire in the form of google form. Testing the validity of this study using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) which involves an expert in psychology. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis techniques with the help of the SPSS.26 for windows program. The research results show that the hypothesis in this study is accepted. This means that the work-family balance and work engagement variables have a very significant effect on the happiness of female lecturers by 67.8%.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DAS IDENTIDADES ACTORIAIS NOS DISCURSOS: UMA ABORDAGEM SEMIÓTICA
Authors: Oliveira Raíssa Medici de
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo conduzir uma breve reflexão em torno do processo de construção das identidades actoriais nos discursos. Ancorada na Semiótica do Discurso, a reflexão focaliza, dentre outros, os conceitos de “ator” e “forma de vida”, destacando como os avanços teórico-metodológicos da disciplina permitem problematizar questões pertinentes à contemporaneidade, tais como, as transformações socioculturais em curso (e por vir). Visando operacionalizar a discussão, o artigo traz alguns resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que objetivou explorar a figura actorial homem “do lar” em textos da cultura de massa brasileira. A análise conduzida destaca a repetição de um lugar-comum, uma vez que, na constituição do homem “do lar”, sobressai o papel temático “pai”, a forma de vida doméstica assumida sendo o resultado da exacerbação desse papel. O artigo reforça, desse modo, a necessidade de se problematizar as enunciações midiáticas dirigidas às massas, visto que, segundo se evidenciou, elas muito pouco contribuem para a desnaturalização de práticas e papéis de gênero e para a reformulação das formas de vida, que ainda permanecem atreladas aos atores que as assumem na duração temporal.
Cytotoxic and DNA-binding Capacity of Titanocene Functionalized
Mesoporous Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and
MDA-MB-231
Authors: Serrano-Pindado Álvar , Iorhemba Michael Aondona , Díaz-García Diana , Díaz-Sánchez Miguel , Mena-Palomo Irene , Gómez-Ruiz Santiago , Prashar Sanjiv
Published: July 2023

Aims:

The fight against cancer is an active research topic that combines several disciplines to find
suitable agents to treat various tumours.

Background:

Following cisplatin, organometallic compounds, including titanocene derivatives, have been tested
as antitumoral agents. However, key issues still need to be addressed in metallodrug chemotherapy relating
to solubility, stability, and dosage. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles, being low toxic biocompatible materials
with high loading capacity, are ideal candidates to overcome these problems.

Objective:

This study aimed to prepare and structurally characterize titanocene functionalized mesoporous silica
nanoparticles and evaluate their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.

Methods:

The preparation of titanocene functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles was achieved by synthetic
protocols, involving either grafting or tethering. Characterization was carried out using standard techniques,
FT-IR, XRD, XRF, TEM, and BET. The titanocene functionalized materials were studied as antitumoral
agents in the breast cancer lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231.

Results:

The functionalized MSN showed promising antitumoral activity against cells lines MCF-7 and MDAMB-
231 up to 9 times more than titanocene alone.

Conclusion:

This study reported the potential of titanocene-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles in
future chemotherapeutic actions.
Flavonoid and Chalcone Scaffolds as Inhibitors of BACE1: Recent
Updates
Authors: Narayanan Anishma Payyappilliparambil , Jayan Jayalakshmi , Sudevan Sachithra Thazhathuveedu , Dhyani Archana , Zachariah Subin Mary , Mathew Bijo
Published: July 2023

Flavonoids and chalcones are two major classes of chemical moieties that have a vast
background of pharmacological activities. Chalcone is a subclass of flavonoids whose therapeutic
potential has been implicated due to an array of bioactivities. A lot of research works have shown
interest in investigating the neuroprotective effect of these molecules, and have revealed them to be
much more potent molecules that can be used to treat neurodegenerative disorders. Beta-site APP
cleaving enzyme (BACE1), which is majorly found in the brain, is one of the reasons behind the
development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Flavonoids and chalcones have proven clinical data that
they inhibit the production of Aβ plaques that are involved in the progression of AD. In this article,
we have provided a detailed chronological review of the research work on the BACE1 inhibiting
potency of both flavonoids and chalcones. Almost all the flavonoids and chalcones mentioned in
this article have shown very good in vitro and in vivo BACE1 inhibiting activity. The docking
studies and the structural importance of some BACE1-inhibiting flavonoids, as well as chalcones,
are also mentioned here.
A Mini-review on Recent Strategies and Applications of Nanomedicines to Combat
Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Chahar Kanak , Sharma Yash , Patel Preeti , Asati Vivek , Das Kurmi Balak
Published: July 2023

One of the key factors contributing to mortality and morbidity globally is infectious ailments. According
to recent statistics from WHO, amplified antimicrobial resistance occurrence among bacteria signifies the utmost
threat to global public health. Bacteria have developed various strategies to resist antimicrobials, including enzymatic
inactivation of antibiotics, drug efflux, modifications of the antibiotic molecule or chemical alteration of the antibiotic,
limited drug uptake, etc. Furthermore, the inefficiency of antimicrobial drugs against resistant bacteria due to
low solubility, instability, and associated side effects augments challenges to combat these resistant pathogens. This
has attracted the attention of researchers to create nano-delivery and targeting techniques. This review presents an
overview of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), its various subtypes, as well as mechanisms involved in AMR. This
review also describes current strategies and applications of various nanocarriers, including nanoparticles, liposomes,
lipid-based nanoparticles, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles.
The Role of Histone Deacetylases in NLRP3 Inflammasomesmediated Epilepsy
Authors: Kuang Xi , Chen Shuang , Ye Qingmei
Published: July 2023

Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders that not only causes death worldwide, but also affects the daily lives of patients. Previous studies have revealed that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Activation of inflammasomes can promote neuroinflammation by boosting the maturation of caspase-1 and the secretion of various inflammatory effectors, including chemokines, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factors. With the in-depth research on the mechanism of inflammasomes in the development of epilepsy, it has been discovered that NLRP3 inflammasomes may induce epilepsy by mediating neuronal inflammatory injury, neuronal loss and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Therefore, blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes may be a new epilepsy treatment strategy. However, the drugs that specifically block NLRP3 inflammasomes assembly has not been approved for clinical use. In this review, the mechanism of how HDACs, an inflammatory regulator, regulates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is summarized. It helps to explore the mechanism of the HDAC inhibitors inhibiting brain inflammatory damage so as to provide a potential therapeutic strategy for controlling the development of epilepsy.
Nabiximols is Efficient as Add-On Treatment for Patients with Multiple
Sclerosis Spasticity Refractory to Standard Treatment: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials
Authors: Kleiner Dénes , Horváth István László , Bunduc Stefania , Gergő Dorottya , Lugosi Katalin , Fehérvári Péter , Hegyi Péter , Csupor Dezső
Published: July 2023

Background:

Spasticity affects 54% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at disease onset, but
this rate gradually increases with disease progression. Spasticity does not fully respond to standard
treatment in one-third of the patients.

Objective:

Our systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether add-on nabiximols, can improve
MS-associated refractory spasticity.

Methods:

The systematic literature search was performed in Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL,
and Embase, on 15/10/2021, without restrictions. We included in the review blinded, randomized,
placebo-controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of nabiximols in adult MS patients with refractory spasticity,
by comparison with placebo. The primary outcome was responder rate by spasticity numerical rating
scale (NRS). Secondary outcomes were spasticity-related parameters. We used random effect models
to calculate odds ratios (OR) or mean differences and the corresponding 95% CI. Bias-factors were assessed
with Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2). (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021282177).

Results:

We identified 9 eligible articles, of which 7 (1128 patients) were included in the meta-analysis.
The spasticity numerical rating scale (NRS) was significantly higher in the nabiximols group than in the
placebo group (OR 2.41 (95% CI 1.39; 4.18)). Secondary outcomes were in accordance with our primary
results. At least some concerns were detected in the risk of bias analysis.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that nabiximols is efficient in MS associated spasticity, refractory to
standard treatment and it may be considered as add-on symptomatic therapy. Nevertheless, further studies
are needed to establish the optimal treatment protocol – dose, duration, moment of initiation, disease type.