bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It’s the Sound, not the Pulse: Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation Reduces Central Sensitization through Auditory Modulatory Effects
Authors: Abssy Spencer S. , Osborne Natalie R. , Osokin Evgeny E. , Tomin Rossi , Honigman Liat , Khan James S. , De Vera Nathaniel W. , Furman Andrew , Mazaheri Ali , Seminowicz David A. , Moayedi Massieh
Published: July 2024

Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) is a non-pharmacological, non-invasive analgesic modality with limited side effects. However, there is a paucity of controlled studies demonstrating its efficacy compared to existing pain management tools. Here, in an initial sample of 100 healthy participants (age 18-40), we compared the analgesic efficacy of two rPMS stimulation protocols—continuous theta burst stimulation (ctbPMS) and intermittent TBS (itbPMS)—against transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), a peripheral stimulation technique that is commonly used for pain management. We also included a sham rPMS protocol where participants heard the sound of rPMS stimulation while the coil was placed over their arm, but received no peripheral stimulation. We hypothesized that itbPMS and ctbPMS—but not sham—would reduce pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and secondary hyperalgesia evoked by a phasic heat pain (PHP) paradigm on the volar forearm with similar efficacy to TENS. Neither rPMS nor TENS reduced reported pain intensity or unpleasantness (p>0.25). However, ctbPMS and itbPMS significantly reduced the area of secondary hyperalgesia, whereas TENS did not (F3,96= 4.828, p= 0.004). Unexpectedly, sham rPMS, which involved auditory but no peripheral nerve stimulation, also significantly reduced secondary hyperalgesia compared to TENS. We performed a second study (n=32) to investigate auditory contributions to rPMS analgesia. Masking the rPMS stimulation sound with pink noise eliminated its analgesic effect on secondary hyperalgesia (p=0.5). This is the first study to show that the analgesic properties of rPMS in acute experimental pain may be largely attributed to its auditory component rather than peripheral nerve stimulation.
An intrinsic hierarchical, retinotopic organization of pulvinar connectivity in the human neonate
Authors: Ayzenberg Vladislav , Song Chenjie , Arcaro Michael
Published: July 2024

Thalamic connectivity is crucial for the development of the neocortex. The pulvinar nuclei are thought to be particularly important for visual development due to their involvement in various functions that emerge early in infancy. The development of these connections constrains the role the pulvinar plays in infant visual processing and the maturation of associated cortical networks. However, the extent to which pulvino-cortical pathways found in adults are established at birth remains largely unknown, limiting our understanding of how these thalamic connections may support infant vision. To address this gap, we examined the organization of pulvino-cortical connections in human neonates using probabilistic tractography analyses on diffusion imaging data. Our findings revealed the presence of white matter pathways between the pulvinar and each individual visual area at birth. These pathways exhibited specificity in their connectivity within the pulvinar, reflecting both intraareal retinotopic organization and the hierarchical organization across ventral, lateral, and dorsal visual cortical pathways. These connections could enable detailed processing of information across sensory space and communication along distinct processing pathways. Comparative analyses revealed that the large-scale organization of pulvino-cortical connectivity in neonates mirrored that of adults. However, connectivity with ventral visual cortex was less adult-like than the other cortical pathways, aligning with prior findings of protracted development associated with the visual recognition pathway. These results deepen our understanding of the developmental trajectory of thalamocortical connections and provide a framework for how subcortical structures may support early perceptual abilities and scaffold the development of cortex.
A rapid CAT transformation protocol and nuclear transgene expression tools for metabolic engineering inCyanidioschyzon merolae10D
Authors: Villegas-Valencia Melany , Stark Martha R. , Seger Mark , Wellman Gordon B. , Overmans Sebastian , Lammers Peter J. , Rader Stephen D. , Lauersen Kyle J.
Published: July 2024

The eukaryotic red algaCyanidioschyzon merolae10D is an emerging algal host for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Its small nuclear genome (16.5 Mb; 4775 genes), low intron content (38), stable transgene expression, and capacity for homologous recombination into its nuclear genome make it ideal for genetic and metabolic engineering endeavors. Here, we present an optimized transformation and selection protocol, which yields single chloramphenicol-resistant transformants in under two weeks. Transformation dynamics and a synthetic modular plasmid toolkit are reported, including several new fluorescent reporters. Techniques for fluorescence reporter imaging and analysis at different scales are presented to facilitate high-throughput screening ofC. merolaetransformants. We use this plasmid toolkit to overexpress theIpomoea batatasisoprene synthase and demonstrate the dynamics of engineered volatile isoprene production during different light regimes using multi-port headspace analysis coupled to parallel photobioreactors. This work seeks to promoteC. merolaeas an algal system for metabolic engineering and future sustainable biotechnological production.
Experimental Infection of greater white-toothed Shrews (Crocidura russula) with Borna disease virus 1: Insights into Viral Spread and Shedding
Authors: Nobach Daniel , Raeder Leif , Müller Jana , Herzog Sybille , Eickmann Markus , Herden Christiane
Published: July 2024

Numbers of human encephalitis cases caused by infection with Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV1) increase continuously in endemic areas. The reservoir host of BoDV1 is the bicoloured white-toothed shrew, albeit few naturally infected individuals of other shrew species have been detected. To establish a reliable experimental reservoir model, 15 greater white-toothed shrews were infected with a shrew-derived BoDV1 isolate by different inoculation routes (intracerebral, intranasal, oral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal) and monitored up to 41 days. Except for the oral route all other animals (12/15) were successfully infected, and the majority of them displayed temporary reduced feed intake and loss of body weight but no inflammatory lesions. Infectious virus was isolated from 11/12 infected animals. Viral RNA was demonstrated by RT-qPCR in the central nervous system (CNS) and the majority of organs.

Immunohistochemistry demonstrated BoDV1 antigen in neurons and astrocytes in the CNS and peripheral nerves. High viral loads in the CNS and the spinal cord points towards spread from periphery to the CNS to enhance viral replication, and subsequent centrifugal spread to organs capable of secretion and excretions. In general, successful experimental BoDV1 infection of shrews proves their usefulness as animal model, enabling further studies on maintenance, transmission, pathogenesis, and risk assessment for human spill-over infections.
The Extracellular Matrix Limits Nanoparticle Diffusion and Cellular Uptake in a Tissue-Specific Manner
Authors: Cahn Devorah , Stern Alexa , Buckenmeyer Michael , Wolf Matthew , Duncan Gregg A.
Published: July 2024

Overexpression and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer and other diseases may significantly reduce the ability of nanoparticles to reach target sites, preventing effective delivery of therapeutic cargo. Here, we evaluate how tissue-specific properties of the ECM affect nanoparticle diffusion using fluorescence video microscopy and cellular uptake via flow cytometry. In addition, we determined how PEGylation chain size and branching influence the ability of nanoparticles to overcome the ECM barrier from different tissues. We found that purified collagen, in the absence of other ECM proteins and polysaccharides, presented a greater barrier to nanoparticle diffusion as compared to decellularized ECM from the liver, lung, and small intestine submucosa. Nanoparticles with dense PEG coatings achieved up to ∼2000-fold enhancements in diffusion rate and cellular uptake up to ∼5-fold greater than non-PEGylated nanoparticles in the presence of ECM. We also found nanoparticle mobility in the ECM varied significantly between tissue types and the optimal nanoparticle PEGylation strategy to enhance ECM penetration was strongly dependent on ECM concentration. Overall, our data supports the use of low molecular weight PEG coatings which provides an optimal balance of nanoparticle penetration through ECM and uptake in target cells. However, tissue-specific enhancements in ECM penetration and cellular uptake were observed for nanoparticles bearing a branched PEG coating. These studies provide new insight into tissue specific ECM barrier functions which can facilitate the design of nanoparticles that effectively transport through target tissues, improving their therapeutic efficacy.
Dual-color μ-LEDs integrated neural interface for multi-control optogenetic electrophysiology
Authors: Ko Eunah , Vöröslakos Mihály , Buzsáki György , Yoon Euisik
Published: July 2024

Over recent decades, optogenetics has become a pivotal technique for elucidating the functionality of neuronal circuits in living organisms. By genetically modifying specific cells within targeted tissues to respond to particular optical stimuli, researchers can achieve precise activation or inhibition of these cells. This capability enables detailed investigations of neural circuitry with unprecedented accuracy. However, there is a rising need for hardware that supports bidirectional control in conjunction with electrophysiological recording. A significant challenge in this domain is the compact integration of dual light sources and a recording system. This study addresses this challenge through the development of a novel microfabrication and assembly technique for embedding dual-color micro-LEDs and recording electrodes into a Michigan-type neural probe structure, designated as DuoLite (Dual-color micro-LEDs Integrated Neural-Interface Optoelectrode for Multi-Control Optogenetic Electrophysiology). We present two device variants: (a) a small-group and (b) a large-group cell-targeted design, each incorporating micro-LEDs with a minimal area of <100 μm2for both red and blue light. The design and assembly techniques for integrating all three components within a shank width of <100 μm are thoroughly detailed, and the functionality of the devices is validated through in vivo experiments.
Nonlinear sound-sheet microscopy: imaging opaque organs at the capillary and cellular scale
Authors: Heiles Baptiste , Nelissen Flora , Terwiel Dion , Park Byung Min , Munoz Ibarra Eleonora , Matalliotakis Agisilaos , Waasdorp Rick , Ara Tarannum , Barturen-Larrea Pierina , Duan Mengtong , Shapiro Mikhail G. , Gazzola Valeria , Maresca David
Published: July 2024

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized biology by visualizing dynamic cellular processes in three dimensions. However, light scattering in thick tissue and photobleaching of fluorescent reporters limit this method to studying thin or translucent specimens. Here we show that non-diffractive ultrasonic beams used in conjunction with a cross-amplitude modulation sequence and nonlinear acoustic reporters enable fast and volumetric imaging of targeted biological functions. We report volumetric imaging of tumor gene expression at the cm3scale using genetically encoded gas vesicles, and localization microscopy of currently uncharted cerebral capillary networks using intravascular microbubble contrast agents. Nonlinear sound-sheet microscopy provides a ∼64x acceleration in imaging speed, ∼35x increase in imaged volume and ∼4x increase in classical imaging resolution compared to the state-of-the-art in biomolecular ultrasound.
Optimizing Bioprocessing Efficiency with OptFed: Dynamic Nonlinear Modeling Improves Product-to-Biomass Yield
Authors: Schloegel Guido , Lueck Ruediger , Kittler Stefan , Spadiut Oliver , Kopp Julian , Zanghellini Juergen , Gotsmy Mathias
Published: July 2024

Biotechnological production of recombinant molecules relies heavily on fed-batch processes. However, as the cells' growth, substrate uptake, and production kinetics are often unclear, the fed-batches are frequently operated under sub-optimal conditions. Process design is based on simple feed profiles (e.g., constant or exponential), operator experience, and basic statistical tools (e.g., response surface methodology), which are unable to harvest the full potential of production. To address this challenge, we propose a general modeling framework, OptFed, which utilizes experimental data from non-optimal fed-batch processes to predict an optimal one. In detail, we assume that cell-specific rates depend on several state variables and their derivatives. Using measurements of bioreactor volume, biomass, and product, we fit the kinetic constants of ordinary differential equations. A regression model avoids overfitting by reducing the number of parameters. Thereafter, OptFed predicts optimal process conditions by solving an optimal control problem using orthogonal collocation and nonlinear programming. In a case study, we apply OptFed to a recombinant protein L fed-batch production process. We determine optimal controls for feed rate and reactor temperature to maximize the product-to-biomass yield and successfully validate our predictions experimentally. Notably, our framework outperforms RSM in both simulation and experiments, capturing an optimum previously missed. We improve the experimental product-to-biomass ratio by 19 % and showcase OptFed's potential for enhancing process optimization in biotechnology.
Organizational legitimacy and cross-border acquisition: emerging market multinationals
Authors: Yang Buyun , Zhang Shuman , Wu Bo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Emerging market multinationals often face a variety of legitimacy challenges as they engage in cross-border acquisitions in developed countries, which requires an assortment of legitimacy strategies best aligned with the legitimacy challenges they face. This study advocates for a configurational perspective that examines how different configurations of legitimacy challenges, organizational characteristics, and legitimacy strategies influence the likelihood of deal completion in cross-border acquisitions by emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs).

Design/methodology/approach

Based on 328 cross-border acquisition cases by Chinese firms, this study adopts the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to examine the combined effects of institutional distance, political affinity, equity sought, architecture design, sensitive·industry and state-owned and enterprise (SOE) on cross-border acquisition completion.

Findings

This study identifies six pathways with different configurations for deal completion, suggesting that a deal's overall legitimacy falls at the intersection of the country-level institution and the firm-level characters and strategy evaluations.

Originality/value

This study investigates how nested legitimacy influences cross-border acquisition completion by offering a holistic and configurational understanding of the deal completion of cross-border acquisitions by EMNEs and yields useful insights for future research on cross-border acquisition completion and legitimacy.
A spatial scientometric analysis of urban planning publications from 2010–2020: geographic disparities in urban planning knowledge production
Authors: Okour Yasmein , Alrayyan Kawthar , Zidan Roa’a
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper analyzes and illustrates the spatial distribution of publications in international urban planning journals from 2010 to 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs the Biblioshiny bibliometrix package in R to analyze 44,123 articles from 95 international planning journals. To conduct the spatial scientometric analysis, we adopted the United Nations’ geoscheme focusing on three geographical scales: country, subregion, and region. Collaboration patterns at the country and subregional levels were examined using the VOSviewer tool.

Findings

The study found evidence of a spatial polarization of urban planning scholarly knowledge production. Scholars based in the United States and the United Kingdom consistently published at higher rates than any other country in our data set. The region producing the largest number of publications was Europe, consisting of 39.92% of the total publication count. However, urban planning scholars from the Global South authored only 20.96% of planning publications from 2010–2020. Centralization of planning research is also evident within each region and subregion. As such, both the Global North and the Global South should not be framed as homogenous entities and spatial patterns of knowledge production should not be generalized. The analysis also established the emerging role of Northern America as a major collaborator in inter-country and inter-subregional research collaborations. Co-authorship patterns indicate low intra-regional collaboration in planning research, except for Europe.

Originality/value

This article argues that a culture of exclusivity may be occurring in urban planning publication production. By highlighting the spatial disparities in knowledge production, we emphasize the need to examine the structural and institutional barriers that exclude urban planning knowledge emerging from the peripheries in international planning journals.
Towards green entrepreneurship: The role of financial openness in driving energy innovation in top carbon emitter economies
Authors: Bo Li , Zhongping Shen , Chao Tan , Bo Tan Hao , Zhen Liu , Naqvi Syed Muhammad Muddassir Abbas
Published: July 2024

Energy serves as a crucial input in almost every sector of the economy and thus contributes significantly to the development of an economy. However, energy is obtained chiefly from fossil fuels, the world's biggest source of carbon emissions and climate change. Therefore, transforming the energy sector by promoting energy innovation is crucial and requires massive financial support from financial institutions beyond borders. In this regard, an international collaboration between the financial sectors of various economies can increase the availability of funds for investment in energy innovation. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the role of financial openness in promoting energy innovation in different regions of the world, such as Asia, America, and Europe. For regression analysis, the study employs the linear and non‐linear CS‐ARDL methods of estimations. The key outcomes of the long‐run linear analysis suggest that financial openness promotes energy innovation in all regions. In the non‐linear analysis, the positive change in financial openness increases long‐run energy innovation in all regions, while a negative change in financial openness reduces energy innovation in Global and Asia models. These findings imply that policymakers across the globe should focus on collaboration between the financial sectors to promote investment in energy innovation.
The water content, apoptosis, and proliferation of the brain in marine medaka affected by seawater acidification
Authors: XIE Jinling , LI Baolin , ZHOU Tangjian , WANG Xiaojie
Published: July 2024

A possible explanation for ocean acidification‐induced changes in fish behavior is a systemic effect on the nervous system. Three biological barriers at the blood–brain interface effectively separate the brain from the body fluids. It is not known whether fish brain regions in contact with these barriers are affected by acidification. Here, we studied structural changes in medaka (Oryzias melastigma) brain regions contacting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after short‐term (7 days) CO2 exposure. The brain water content decreased significantly and the superficial structure of the pia mater was changed, but there was no obvious damage to the internal structures of the brain after seawater acidification. Seawater acidification also led to an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the number of proliferative cells in brain areas contacting CSF. These results indicate that the structure of CSF‐contacting brain regions in medaka was affected by seawater acidification, and the brain responded to seawater acidification stress by increasing apoptosis and reducing proliferation.
Evaluation of Taiwan's IC industry production and market efficiencies under the consideration of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Lin Tai‐Yu , Chiang Hsiao‐Wen , Chiu Yung‐Ho , Chang Tzu‐Han , Liu Chung‐Tzer
Published: July 2024

Taiwan has a complete semiconductor industry chain and is important in global semiconductor manufacturing. In addition to considering operational conditions, companies have also attached importance to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent years. This research thus takes 60 integrated circuit (IC) companies in Taiwan as a research sample and adopts the Meta Two‐stage dynamic RDM DDF (range directional model directional distance function) under an exogenous CSR model to explore their market stage efficiency and production stage efficiency. This study aimed to analyze whether incorporating a company's CSR performance into performance evaluations affects the production and profitability efficiency of Taiwanese IC companies. The findings are as follows: Most IC companies practice CSR and demonstrate good CSR performance. The market stage efficiency and production stage efficiency of the IC packaging and testing group are better than those of other groups.
Supporting Carers to Coregulate With Children in Care: Learnings From Action Research With Caseworkers
Authors: Ciftci Sarah , Collings Susan , Buratti Sue , Wright Amy Conley
Published: July 2024

Trauma negatively impacts on the ability of children in out‐of‐home care to experience safety in their relationships. Trauma rearousal can continue to occur even when children are living in a safe and stable setting due to environmental triggers. Carers who are emotionally regulated themselves can model and support emotional regulation (known as coregulation) when their child becomes dysregulated. To do this, carers need agencies to provide trauma‐informed and therapeutic models of care, so they in turn can offer an emotionally secure experience for their child. This article reports on participatory action research with caseworkers from two nongovernment and one government organisation who supported foster and kinship carers to coregulate with children in long‐term care. Reflective practice meetings were held over an eight‐month period to capture the perspectives and experiences of 16 caseworkers who trialled practice changes for coregulation. An inductive analysis approach was used to elicit themes. Findings revealed a three‐phase process took place for caseworkers and carers to (1) acknowledge the presence of trauma and stress, (2) become aware of their own emotional capacity and (3) apply coregulation strategies. This process was possible when organisations promoted trauma awareness and relational safety, thereby creating a ‘holding environment’ for their caseworkers and allowing coregulation to be experienced by carers and their children.
Radiographical diagnostic competences of dental students using various feedback methods and integrating an artificial intelligence application—A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rampf Sarah , Gehrig Holger , Möltner Andreas , Fischer Martin R. , Schwendicke Falk , Huth Karin C.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Radiographic diagnostic competences are a primary focus of dental education. This study assessed two feedback methods to enhance learning outcomes and explored the feasibility of artificial intelligence (AI) to support education.

Materials and Methods

Fourth‐year dental students had access to 16 virtual radiological example cases for 8 weeks. They were randomly assigned to either elaborated feedback (eF) or knowledge of results feedback (KOR) based on expert consensus. Students´ diagnostic competences were tested on bitewing/periapical radiographs for detection of caries, apical periodontitis, accuracy for all radiological findings and image quality. We additionally assessed the accuracy of an AI system (dentalXrai Pro 3.0), where applicable. Data were analysed descriptively and using ROC analysis (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUC). Groups were compared with Welch's t‐test.

Results

Among 55 students, the eF group by large performed significantly better than the KOR group in detecting enamel caries (accuracy 0.840 ± 0.041, p = .196; sensitivity 0.638 ± 0.204, p = .037; specificity 0.859 ± 0.050, p = .410; ROC AUC 0.748 ± 0.094, p = .020), apical periodontitis (accuracy 0.813 ± 0.095, p = .011; sensitivity 0.476 ± 0.230, p = .003; specificity 0.914 ± 0.108, p = .292; ROC AUC 0.695 ± 0.123, p = .001) and in assessing the image quality of periapical images (p = .031). No significant differences were observed for the other outcomes. The AI showed almost perfect diagnostic performance (enamel caries: accuracy 0.964, sensitivity 0.857, specificity 0.074; dentin caries: accuracy 0.988, sensitivity 0.941, specificity 1.0; overall: accuracy 0.976, sensitivity 0.958, specificity 0.983).

Conclusion

Elaborated feedback can improve student's radiographic diagnostic competences, particularly in detecting enamel caries and apical periodontitis. Using an AI may constitute an alternative to expert labelling of radiographs.
GRDATFusion: A gradient residual dense and attention transformer infrared and visible image fusion network for smart city security systems in cloud and fog computing
Authors: Zheng Jian , Jeon Seunggil , Yang Xiaomin
Published: July 2024

The infrared and visible fusion technology holds a pivotal position in smart city for cloud and fog computing, particularly in security system. By fusing infrared and visible image information, this technology enhances target identification, tracking and monitoring precision, bolstering overall system security. However, existing deep learning‐based methods rely heavily on convolutional operations, which excel at extracting local features but have limited receptive fields, hampering global information capture. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce GRDATFusion, a novel end‐to‐end network comprising three key modules: transformer, gradient residual dense and attention residual. The gradient residual dense module extracts local complementary features, leveraging a dense‐shaped network to retain potentially lost information. The attention residual module focuses on crucial input image details, while the transformer module captures global information and models long‐range dependencies. Experiments on public datasets show that GRDATFusion outperforms state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in qualitative and quantitative assessments. Ablation studies validate our approach's advantages, and efficiency comparisons demonstrate its computational efficiency. Therefore, our method makes the security systems in smart city with shorter delay and satisfies the real‐time requirement.
Interconnected microbiomes—insights and innovations in female urogenital health
Authors: Al Kait F. , Parris Josh , Engelbrecht Kathleen , Reid Gregor , Burton Jeremy P.
Published: July 2024

The paradigm that the vaginal microbiota is a protective gateway for the urinary and reproductive systems has endured for more than a century and driven decades of probiotic research. Evidence robustly supports the notion that healthy urogenital microbiomes are predominantly colonized by lactobacilli, particularly Lactobacillus crispatus, which can acidify the local environment and protect against urogynecologic pathogen colonization. However, recent studies are beginning to delve deeper into the intricate mechanistic interactions connecting the microbiome, its diverse functional potential, host immunity, pathogens, and the development of urogenital diseases. Leveraging these emerging insights alongside past successes presents promising opportunities for future therapies aimed at enhancing the management of conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, urinary tract infections, bladder pain, urinary incontinence, and beyond.
Role of short chain fatty acids on astrocytes and microglia in Alzheimer's disease brain
Authors: Senarath Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Uththara Sachinthanie , Burton Matthew , Fernando Welisarage Mary Kendrea Thiasangee , Jayasena Vijay , Brennan Charles , Fernando Wanakulasuriya Mary Ann Dipika Binosha
Published: July 2024

Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) hold exert many nutritional benefits on both physiological and pathological processes, including host metabolism, immune modulation, and appetite control. Originating from the microbial fermentation of resistant starches and dietary fibre in the colon, SCFAs have the capability to traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB). It is evident that SCFAs play a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia and is characterised by the deposition of amyloid β peptides (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation. SCFAs have demonstrated the potential to interfere with the protein–protein interactions required for Aβ peptides to form neurotoxic oligomers. Moreover, research indicates that the SCFAs ability to maintain endothelial integrity and interact with neuroglial cells through the BBB may assist in downregulating excessive neuroinflammatory responses to amyloid peptides. This review summarises the research on SCFAs' potential role in AD and understand their mechanism of actions on astrocytes and microglia.
Profiling the effects of starter cultures on biochemical compounds in fermented fish sauces and their relationships with sensory perceptions
Authors: Dinc Selin Ozge , Colakoglu Fatma , Kunili Ibrahim Ender , Ormanci Hasan Basri
Published: July 2024

In this study, the effect of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum XL23 (Lp) and Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae RC212 (Sc) on flavour formation in fermented fish sauce production was investigated. The levels of, and relationship between, non‐volatile and volatile compounds responsible for taste and aroma were determined in fish sauce samples. Regarding non‐volatiles, the results showed that free amino acids and organic acids were significantly higher in Lp and Lp + Sc compared to traditional fish sauce. In fatty acids, there was an irregular distribution between the groups. In terms of volatile compounds, L. plantarum supported the presence of acidic compounds (1413.31 ng mL−1), while S. cerevisiae supported the presence of alcoholic compounds at high levels (3891.56 ng mL−1). Significant correlations between components proved the accuracy of analytical and sensory analyses and demonstrated the reliability of multi‐replicate statistical interactions. The results indicated that inoculation with starter cultures changed the taste and aroma in favour of the strains.
Valorisation of banana peel and mango peel as functional ingredients in baked products: a review
Authors: Ismail Sahal , Dubey Praveen Kumar , Mishra Atul Anand , Ashka Fathima
Published: July 2024

The baking industry is greatly interested in incorporating banana peel and mango peel into a broader spectrum of baked goods. This review delves into the innovative utilisation of banana and mango peels in various baked products, specifically focusing on biscuits, cookies, cakes, and cake doughnuts. Incorporating banana peel in baked goods has gained attention for its potential to enhance flavour, texture, and nutritional value. Similarly, mango peel has been explored for its unique properties and potential contributions to baked items. This review emphasises the health benefits of banana and mango peels, including antioxidants, fibre, and other nutritional advantages that help prevent diseases and promote overall well‐being. Limited scientific studies may explore using banana peel and mango peel specifically as functional ingredients in baked products. This review highlights the utilisation of banana peel and mango peel in baked products, focusing on their influence on product quality, sensory characteristics, and potential health benefits. It presents a sustainable and innovative approach to creating healthier, more flavourful baked products.
Conversational and generative artificial intelligence and human–chatbot interaction in education and research
Authors: Akpan Ikpe Justice , Kobara Yawo M. , Owolabi Josiah , Akpan Asuama A. , Offodile Onyebuchi Felix
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) as a disruptive technology is not new. However, its recent evolution, engineered by technological transformation, big data analytics, and quantum computing, produces conversational and generative AI (CGAI/GenAI) and human‐like chatbots that disrupt conventional operations and methods in different fields. This study investigates the scientific landscape of CGAI and human–chatbot interaction/collaboration and evaluates use cases, benefits, challenges, and policy implications for multidisciplinary education and allied industry operations. The publications trend showed that just 4% (n = 75) occurred during 2006–2018, while 2019–2023 experienced astronomical growth (n = 1763 or 96%). The prominent use cases of CGAI (e.g., ChatGPT) for teaching, learning, and research activities occurred in computer science (multidisciplinary and AI; 32%), medical/healthcare (17%), engineering (7%), and business fields (6%). The intellectual structure shows strong collaboration among eminent multidisciplinary sources in business, information systems, and other areas. The thematic structure highlights prominent CGAI use cases, including improved user experience in human–computer interaction, computer programs/code generation, and systems creation. Widespread CGAI usefulness for teachers, researchers, and learners includes syllabi/course content generation, testing aids, and academic writing. The concerns about abuse and misuse (plagiarism, academic integrity, privacy violations) and issues about misinformation, danger of self‐diagnoses, and patient privacy in medical/healthcare applications are prominent. Formulating strategies and policies to address potential CGAI challenges in teaching/learning and practice are priorities. Developing discipline‐based automatic detection of GenAI contents to check abuse is proposed. In operational/operations research areas, proper CGAI/GenAI integration with modeling and decision support systems requires further studies.
An overview of benefits and risks of chronic melanocortin‐1 receptor activation
Authors: Böhm M. , Robert C. , Malhotra S. , Clément K. , Farooqi S.
Published: July 2024

The melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) is a G protein‐coupled receptor that plays a pivotal role in human skin pigmentation, melanin synthesis, redox homeostasis and inflammation. Loss‐of‐function MC1R variants suppress G protein‐coupled receptor coupling or cell surface expression leading to a decrease in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Chronic activation of MC1R can occur in certain medical conditions such as Addison's disease and physiologic states such as pregnancy melasma. MC1R activation is more commonly caused by environmental exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Approved pharmacologic melanocortin agonists that activate MC1R signalling in a targeted manner or as a bystander effect have recently become available for erythropoietic protoporphyria, sexual desire disorders, monogenic obesity and syndromic obesity. Further, small peptide analogues of α–melanocortin‐stimulating hormone, human MC1R selective agonists, are photoprotective, decreasing the adverse impact of UV radiation (a primary risk factor for skin cancer) and are being investigated as potential chemoprevention strategies. MC1R activation through induction of UV‐protective skin pigmentation increased DNA repair, and control of aberrant cell growth may reduce the risk of melanoma but importantly does not prevent melanoma particularly in individuals with risk factors and regular skin examination remains critical in high‐risk individuals.
Examination of Cross‐National and Gender Differences in Rumination and Its Association with Depression: A Cross‐Sectional Comparison Between Residents of the United Kingdom and Japan
Authors: Umegaki Yusuke , Yoshinaga Naoki , Kobori Osamu
Published: July 2024

Rumination often leads to maladaptive consequences. Some studies report cross‐national disparities regarding the extent to which people ruminate, as well as its consequences. This study aimed to quantify the disparities in rumination between European (United Kingdom [UK]) and East Asian (Japan) countries, as well as compare its relation with depression. Gender differences were also examined. An online questionnaire survey targeting residents aged between 20 and 69 years was conducted in July 2022. Data from 3,551 participants (UK: N = 1,891, Japan: N = 1,660) were analyzed statistically using 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance and moderation analyses. Results showed a greater inclination towards rumination among UK residents, in comparison to those residing in Japan. The magnitude of rumination–‐depression association differed by country, with the association being more pronounced in the UK. Females displayed a higher inclination towards rumination in both the UK and Japan. In both countries, a robust association exists between rumination and concurrent depression. Implications of the findings and future directions are discussed.
Joint calibration to SPX and VIX options with signature‐based models
Authors: Cuchiero Christa , Gazzani Guido , Möller Janka , Svaluto‐Ferro Sara
Published: July 2024

We consider a stochastic volatility model where the dynamics of the volatility are described by a linear function of the (time extended) signature of a primary process which is supposed to be a polynomial diffusion. We obtain closed form expressions for the VIX squared, exploiting the fact that the truncated signature of a polynomial diffusion is again a polynomial diffusion. Adding to such a primary process the Brownian motion driving the stock price, allows then to express both the log‐price and the VIX squared as linear functions of the signature of the corresponding augmented process. This feature can then be efficiently used for pricing and calibration purposes. Indeed, as the signature samples can be easily precomputed, the calibration task can be split into an offline sampling and a standard optimization. We also propose a Fourier pricing approach for both VIX and SPX options exploiting that the signature of the augmented primary process is an infinite dimensional affine process. For both the SPX and VIX options we obtain highly accurate calibration results, showing that this model class allows to solve the joint calibration problem without adding jumps or rough volatility.
What Is Anti‐Colonial Global Social Theory?
Authors: Patel Sujata
Published: July 2024

Anti‐colonial social theory is a set of ideas, assessments and practices of metatheoretical nature that have originated within anti‐colonial thought. As a methodology it theorises and interrogates the ideological within the empirical, the theoretical, and the ‘scientific unconscious’ of fields/disciplines. While criticising late 19th Euro‐American theories as universal set of propositions, it locates its limitations and presents ways to unravel the ideological‐political elements that structure thought and scholarship. It also presents ways through which new global theories may be conceptualised and researched. The paper engages, analyses, compares and assesses various methodological interventions made by anti‐colonial social theorists regarding colonialism, its origin and its continuities; its pasts and presents in distinct times and epochs and in its varied spatial geographies and suggests that these can become tools to define global social theory.
The sociolinguistics of mergers
Authors: Hickey Raymond
Published: July 2024

In the attested history and spread of English many mergers, conditioned and non‐conditioned, have taken place. Some of these involved consonants, such as the which≠witch merger, but the majority affected the vowels of the sound system, such as the horse≠hoarse merger. Many mergers at present are shared across a broad spectrum of varieties of English with conservative vernaculars retaining sound distinctions longest. A sociolinguistic interpretation of this situation would suggest that communities with strong internal bonds show an inherent resistance to mergers. In addition to these considerations, this chapter looks at mergers evident in second‐language forms of English and examines to what extent sizeable homophony can be compensated for by pragmatic context and discourse framework.
Language and identity in the Windrush generation
Authors: Wilson Guyanne
Published: July 2024

This paper examines how the Windrush generation uses phonological and morphosyntactic elements of Jamaican Creole (JamC), London Jamaican (LonJam) and standard British English (SBE) to do identity work in interviews broadcast as part of a celebration of the 75th anniversary of the arrival of HMT Empire Windrush. The data comprise oral history interviews with four members of the Windrush generation. The recordings were analysed using the method of lectal focussing in interaction. Results show variation across the four speakers, with some speakers using very few LonJam and SBE features, while others’ speech contains almost exclusively standard British variants. The use of JamC features clustered around topics such as home and family reunification, whereas LonJam features were especially present when interviewees talked about their youth. The study broadens the scope of world Englishes studies by including diasporic and elderly speakers and has important implications for the study of language and identity.
DYNAMIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR PILE CAPACITY PREDICTION
Authors: M.A. Nasly , Besar Jusoh , Khaled Md. S.
Published: July 2024

Pile Capacity prediction by the Stress-wave matching technique uses measured pile top velocity-or force-time signal as an input boundary conditjon. Reliable estimation of the pile capacity largely depends on availability of accurate and quality dynamic measurements of pile. . This paper discusses some dynamic measurements obtained from two instrumented precast concrete piles. Various aspects of measurement techniques and their shortcomings are also highlighted.
Consolidation Characteristics of Lime Stabilised Soil
Authors: Kassim Khairul Anuar , Uuey Chow Shiao
Published: July 2024

Soft clay is always associated with settlement and consolidation. Stabilisation ofsoft clay with lime as bearing stratum is an alternative to replacement of thatmaterial. The compression and consolidation characteristics of the stabilisedmaterial need to be fully understood for design purposes. This paper presents theresults of study on the consolidation characteristics in terms of compressibility,rate of consolidation and the permeability characteristics of both unstabilised andlime stabilised soil samples using Oedometer test. Oedometer specimens of 50mm diameter and 20 mm height were tested with respect to age at 0,7, 14 and 28days and effective stress at 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 kPa. Three soil types wereselected and studied in this project; they are Tapah Kaolin, Sungai Buloh clay andUTM clay. From the test results, it is discovered that lime stabilisation improvedthe consolidation characteristics and reduced the settlement of unstabilised claywith age especially after stabilisation phase is achieved, i.e., after the age of 14days.
Aquifer Simulation Model in Tioman Island
Authors: Daulay Hasan , Abd. Rahman Norhan , Mohd Nasir Kamarul Azlan
Published: July 2024

Tioman Island which is situated in the southeast of Pahang State is one of smallislands in Malaysia that has been promoted as a tourism destination. Based onprevious study, the island requires more than 2000 m'/day of water for domesticand tourism industry consumption, and the demand is expected to rise due to theincreases in population and tourism activities. Study on groundwater of Tekekaquifer indicates a good potential for water resource to meet the demand of thefuture water-needs in Tioman Island. An intensive study is being carried out toinvestigate the quantity of water resources in the island. For predicting the amountof groundwater potential that can be extracted, ASM (Aquifer Simulation Model)is used. The paper present the finding of the amount of the groundwater potentialthat can be extracted in Tekek, Tioman Island.
ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY ON SEWAGE TREATMENT
Authors: Ab. Wahid Zularisam , Othman Fadhil , Sohaili Johan
Published: July 2024

Magnetic treatments for water and wastewater attract a special attention due totheir safety, ecological purity, simplicity and low operating costs. Thus thisstudy was carried out in order to determine the feasibility and effectiveness ofapplying magnetic technology for a better understanding of the sewagecharacteristics. The main objectives of this research are to investigate thefeasibility of magnetic technology in assisting sedimentation of suspendedparticles and to understand the mechanism and impact of magnetic application insewage. The effects of various parameters, magnetic field strength, flow rate,usage of pin-jet and magnetic orientations are used to investigate theireffectiveness on the suspended solids removal. A series of electromagnetsmagnets was used as a reactor in this study and the sewage was taken fromTaman Sri Pulai, Johor with estimated PE of 10,300. Experiments indicate thatsuspended solids removal increases as magnetic field strength and exposure timeare increased and flow rate is decreased. It was found out that magnetic fieldincreases the suspended solids removal by 41 percent to 49 percent at 670 Gausscompared to untreated raw sewage. Besides that usage of pin-jet in themagnetically treatment reactors also help to increase another 6 percent of thesuspended solids removal. Study carried out also shows that magnetic fieldenhances the suspended solids removal by accelerating the settling of sludge(settlement time) as well as increasing the sludge density. Hence this technologyis definitely beneficial in reducing the volume of sedimentation tank as well asincreasing the treatment plant efficiency.
PENENTUAN KETINGGIAN KEGAGALAN TAMBAKAN CUBAAN MUAR
Authors: Kasim Fauziah , Marto Amlnaton , Yusof Mohd Zain , Marwah Mohd Khatta
Published: July 2024

Penentuan ketinggian tambakan ketika gagal merupakan langkah yang perIudiambil perhatian ketika merekabentuk tambakan di atas tanah hat lembut. Didalam kertas kerja ini, perisian SLOPEIW telah digunakan dalam menganaIisiskestabilan tambakan di mana kaedah keseimbangan had umum (GLE) telah dipilihsebagai perbandingan terhadap kaedah konvensional lain sepertiFellenius, Bishopdan Janbu.Â Faktor lain yangÂ· di ambil kiraÂ  didalam analisis iniÂ  adalah teknik penentuan kekuatan ricih tak tersalir yang diguriakan dalam rnewakili keadaan tanah Hat asas. Kaedah keseimbangan had umum (GLE) telah menunjukkan keputusan yang amat baik dalam rneramal faktor keselamatan dan gelinciran pennukaan kegagalan. Perbandingan dengan ramalan-ramalan terdahulu juga dilakukan. Dua faktor utama yang perlu diambil kira dalam menganalisis kestabilan tambakan di bawah tanah Hatlembut ialah kesan pertambahan kekuatan di dalam tanah Hat lembut dan enapan permukaan asal tanah akibat proses pengukuhan yang berlakue , Kedua-dua faktor ini memberikan kesan yang besar terhadap faktor keselamatan dan juga ketebalan sebenar tambakan yang diramaI.