bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation from Nonthermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules to Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules
Authors: Lee Ha Lim , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: August 2020

A novel molecular design approach transforming nonthermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules to TADF molecules is developed for high external quantum efficiencies in TADF devices by utilizing an opened double emission process through selective twisting of the donor structure. Two non‐TADF type donor–acceptor molecules are coupled together to selectively twist the donor structure for enhanced charge transfer character. Selective twisting of the donor is achieved by simultaneously coupling the opened reverse intersystem crossing channel for TADF emission and the double emission process to achieve high external quantum efficiencies. Two emitters are created based on the molecular design concept demonstrating high external quantum efficiencies of 27.8% for sky blue TADF devices.
EMT‐Induced Cell‐Mechanical Changes Enhance Mitotic Rounding Strength
Authors: Hosseini Kamran , Taubenberger Anna , Werner Carsten , Fischer‐Friedrich Elisabeth
Published: August 2020

To undergo mitosis successfully, most animal cells need to acquire a round shape to provide space for the mitotic spindle. This mitotic rounding relies on mechanical deformation of surrounding tissue and is driven by forces emanating from actomyosin contractility. Cancer cells are able to maintain successful mitosis in mechanically challenging environments such as the increasingly crowded environment of a growing tumor, thus, suggesting an enhanced ability of mitotic rounding in cancer. Here, it is shown that the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a hallmark of cancer progression and metastasis, gives rise to cell‐mechanical changes in breast epithelial cells. These changes are opposite in interphase and mitosis and correspond to an enhanced mitotic rounding strength. Furthermore, it is shown that cell‐mechanical changes correlate with a strong EMT‐induced change in the activity of Rho GTPases RhoA and Rac1. Accordingly, it is found that Rac1 inhibition rescues the EMT‐induced cortex‐mechanical phenotype. The findings hint at a new role of EMT in successful mitotic rounding and division in mechanically confined environments such as a growing tumor.
Xanthogen Polysulfides as a New Class of Electrode Material for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Bhargav Amruth , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: August 2020

Organosulfides are an emerging class of alternative sulfur‐based cathode materials. This work explores a new member in this family of active materials, viz., xanthogen polysulfides. Diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide (DIXPS) is used as a model compound in a lithium battery to understand the chemical changes and the unique electrochemical behavior of this class of materials by employing various materials characterization methodologies. As a cathode material, DIXPS shows a high electrochemical utilization (up to 93.5%) during low‐rate cycling. It sustains a prolonged cycling (1000 cycles) stability at a high rate of 4C. At a material level, it demonstrates a high energy density of 1313 W h kg−1 and 1694 W h L−1. DIXPS also shows a remarkable resilience to performance decline when tested under practically necessary high‐loading and lean‐electrolyte conditions in a prototype pouch cell, substantiating its practical viability. Furthermore, the feasibility of using DIXPS with alternative metal anodes, such as sodium is also verified. The ability to use sustainable, naturally available materials, such as sugar and alcohol as feedstocks to synthesize xanthogen‐based battery materials, is also validated. The study demonstrates that xanthogen polysulfides can find use in a broad range of high‐energy‐density batteries.
In Situ Electrochemical Synthesis of MXenes without Acid/Alkali Usage in/for an Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Li Xinliang , Li Mian , Yang Qi , Liang Guojin , Huang Zhaodong , Ma Longtao , Wang Donghong , Mo Funian , Dong Binbin , Huang Qing , Zhi Chunyi
Published: August 2020

The traditional method to fabricate a MXene based energy storage device starts from etching MAX phase particles with dangerous acid/alkali etchants to MXenes, followed by device assembly. This is a multistep protocol and is not environmentally friendly. Herein, an all‐in‐one protocol is proposed to integrate synthesis and battery fabrication of MXene. By choosing a special F‐rich electrolyte, MAX V2AlC is directly exfoliated inside a battery and the obtained V2CTX MXene is in situ used to achieve an excellent battery performance. This is a one‐step process with all reactions inside the cell, avoiding any contamination to external environments. Through the lifetime, the device experiences three stages of exfoliation, electrode oxidation, and redox of V2O5. While the electrode is changing, the device can always be used as a battery and the performance is continuously enhanced. The resulting aqueous zinc ion battery achieves outstanding cycling stability (4000 cycles) and rate performance (97.5 mAh g−1 at 64 A g−1), distinct from all reported aqueous MXene‐based counterparts with pseudo‐capacitive properties, and outperforming most vanadium‐based zinc ion batteries with high capacity. This work sheds light on the green synthesis of MXenes, provides an all‐in‐one protocol for MXene devices, and extends MXenes’ application in the aqueous energy storage field.
Flow, suspension, and mixing dynamics in DASGIP bioreactors: Part 1
Authors: Samaras Jasmin J. , Micheletti Martina , Ducci Andrea
Published: August 2020

The bioreactor flow environment has a significant impact on process performance, especially in stem cell cultures. The work of Correia et al found intermittent agitation modes to improve induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐cardiomyocyte differentiation yields; however, to date, the impact within the flow has not been fully characterized. This work aims to characterize the flow dynamics occurring within a commercially available DASGIP bioreactor, equipped with a two‐blade paddle impeller, operating under different agitation modes and for two bottom geometries. The paddle impeller configuration generated an axial flow profile due to a large impeller D/T and blade confinement with the bioreactor wall. The application of intermittent agitation was shown to induce two transient spikes in flow velocity and shear stress, the amplification of which increased with dwell duration. Marginally increasing the dwell duration was shown previously to increase differentiation yields, therefore it can be stipulated that introduction of these spikes was favorable toward cardiogenic differentiation.
Clinically‐suspected cast nephropathy: A retrospective, national, real‐world study
Authors: Szabo Agoston G. , Thorsen Jonathan , Iversen Katrine F. , Hansen Charlotte T. , Teodorescu Elena M. , Pedersen Simon B. , Flæng Simon B. , Strandholdt Casper , Frederiksen Mikael , Vase Maja Ø. , Frølund Ulf C. , Krustrup Dorrit , Plesner Torben , Vangsted Annette J.
Published: August 2020

Presentation with severe acute kidney injury due to cast nephropathy (CN) is a medical emergency in multiple myeloma (MM), with high risk of dialysis‐dependent renal failure and death. Accrual of patients with CN into interventional studies is difficult, while phase III trials exclude patients with severe renal insufficiency. Real‐world data are warranted. We assessed 2252 patients from the population‐based Danish Multiple Myeloma Registry (DMMR) who were diagnosed between 2013 and 2017. We identified 204 patients with clinically‐suspected CN, defined as serum creatinine concentration >177 μmol/L and serum free light chain (sFLC) concentration >1000 mg/L at the time of diagnosis. The median age was 72 years. Thirty‐one percent of patients presented with dialysis‐dependent renal failure. Kidney biopsies were performed in 19% of patients and showed CN in 74% of cases. Despite prompt initiation of bortezomib‐based therapy in 94% of patients, 33% of patients died in the first year after diagnosis. Compared with the rest of the patients in the DMMR with symptomatic MM, patients with clinically‐suspected CN had worse overall survival (OS) irrespective of transplant eligibility. Achievement of renal recovery was associated with deep reductions of involved sFLC. Achievement of very good partial response or better in the first line of therapy and/or deep reduction of involved sFLC at 3 months after initiation of therapy were associated with superior OS. In conclusion, MM patients presenting with clinically‐suspected CN have an alarmingly high one‐year mortality when treated with current standards of care. Early and deep hematologic response is crucial for survival.
Olfactory predator recognition in the brown mouse lemur (Microcebus rufus) in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
Authors: Deppe Anja M. , Kushnick Geoff
Published: August 2020

Predator odors such as urine and feces are known to elicit antipredator behaviors in prey including avoidance, fear, and curiosity. We measured how wild brown mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus) responded to odors of mammalian, avian, and snake predators as well as nonpredator controls. The first experiment took place under controlled conditions in a laboratory where we recorded the occurrence of four behavioral categories (ignore, curiosity, alert, and fear) in response to a single odor. Subjects exhibited behavioral change significantly more often in response to the predator than to control stimuli, but did not distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar predators. Mammalian predator urine and feces were most likely to elicit behavioral change. The owl was the only predator to never elicit behavioral change, possibly because owls do not provide relevant odor cues. A second experiment employing live traps in the forest found that neither predator nor control odors affected the likelihood of capture. Due to their longevity, odors do not provide accurate information of spatial and temporal risk, and while mouse lemurs may have initially hesitated to enter a trap, in the absence of additional information about risk, they may have eventually ignored the stimuli. This study found that brown mouse lemurs are able to distinguish between predator and nonpredator odors, and that risk assessment may be affected by the experience, as well as predator and sensory stimulus quality.
Determinants for Fusion Speed of Biomolecular Droplets
Authors: Ghosh Archishman , Zhou Huan‐Xiang
Published: August 2020

Biomolecular droplets formed through phase separation have a tendency to fuse. The speed with which fusion occurs is a direct indicator of condensate liquidity, which is key to both cellular functions and diseases. Using a dual‐trap optical tweezers setup, we found the fusion speeds of four types of droplets to differ by two orders of magnitude. The order of fusion speed correlates with the fluorescence of thioflavin T, which in turn reflects the macromolecular packing density inside droplets. Unstructured protein or polymer chains pack loosely and readily rearrange, leading to fast fusion. In contrast, structured protein domains pack more closely and have to break extensive contacts before rearrangement, corresponding to slower fusion. This molecular interpretation for disparate fusion speeds provides mechanistic insight into the assembly and aging of biomolecular droplets.
Hydrogen Bonding Enhances the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Sanyal Udishnu , Yuk Simuck F. , Koh Katherine , Lee Mal‐Soon , Stoerzinger Kelsey , Zhang Difan , Meyer Laura C. , Lopez‐Ruiz Juan A. , Karkamkar Abhi , Holladay Jamie D. , Camaioni Donald M. , Nguyen Manh‐Thuong , Glezakou Vassiliki‐Alexandra , Rousseau Roger , Gutiérrez Oliver Y. , Lercher Johannes A.
Published: August 2020

The hydrogenation of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol on carbon‐supported metals in water, enabled by an external potential, is markedly promoted by polarization of the functional groups. The presence of polar co‐adsorbates, such as substituted phenols, enhances the hydrogenation rate of the aldehyde by two effects, that is, polarizing the carbonyl group and increasing the probability of forming a transition state for H addition. These two effects enable a hydrogenation route, in which phenol acts as a conduit for proton addition, with a higher rate than the direct proton transfer from hydronium ions. The fast hydrogenation enabled by the presence of phenol and applied potential overcompensates for the decrease in coverage of benzaldehyde caused by competitive adsorption. A higher acid strength of the co‐adsorbate increases the intensity of interactions and the rates of selective carbonyl reduction.
A Smart Theranostic Nanocapsule for Spatiotemporally Programmable Photo‐Gene Therapy
Authors: Gong Xue , Li Ruomeng , Wang Jing , Wei Jie , Ma Kang , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan
Published: August 2020

The therapeutic performance of DNAzyme‐involved gene silencing is significantly constrained by inefficient conditional activation and insufficient cofactor supply. Herein, a self‐sufficient therapeutic nanosystem was realized through the delicate design of DNAzyme prodrugs and MnO2 into a biocompatible nanocapsule with tumor‐specific recognition/activation features. The indocyanine green (ICG)‐modified DNA prodrugs are designed by splitting the DNAzyme and then reconstituted into the exquisite catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification circuit. Based on the photothermal activation of ICG, the nanocapsule was disassembled to expose the MnO2 ingredient which was immediately decomposed into Mn2+ ions to supplement an indispensable DNAzyme cofactor on‐demand with a concomitant O2 generation for enhancing the auxiliary phototherapy. The endogenous microRNA catalyzes the amplified assembly of DNA prodrugs via an exquisite CHA principle, leading to the DNAzyme‐mediated simultaneous silencing of two key tumor‐involved mRNAs. This self‐activated theranostic nanocapsule could substantially expand the toolbox for accurate diagnosis and programmable therapeutics.
Regeneration reaction characteristics and mechanism model of K2CO3/Al2O3 sorbent for CO2 capture
Authors: Zhang Zhonglin , Chen Xiaoping
Published: August 2020

The regeneration reaction characteristics of the K2CO3/Al2O3 sorbent were investigated with a thermogravimetric apparatus. The effects of the gas composition and temperature on the regeneration conversion and reaction rate were analysed extensively. The results of the thermogravimetric experiment revealed that the regeneration characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 are better than those of pure K2CO3 and that temperature is the key parameter for the K2CO3/Al2O3 regeneration process. It was also observed that the regeneration process of K2CO3/Al2O3 occurred in three stages. As the regeneration temperature increased, regeneration occurred in the following sequence: KHCO3 on the external surface, KHCO3 on the internal surface and KAl (CO3)2(OH)2. The activation energy (E, kJ/mol) and pre‐index factor (A, min−1) of the three stages were 69.7, 73.8 and 84.5 and 1.36 × 107, 1.86 × 107 and 2.74 × 106, respectively. The reaction kinetic parameters were calculated by the thermal analysis method. A comprehensive model based on the Avrami–Erofeev reaction mechanism model was proposed for the regeneration process of K2CO3/Al2O3. The model data and test values agreed well, thereby establishing the model's accuracy. This paper provides fundamental data for further study on the capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas using potassium‐based sorbents.
Expert Perspective: An Evidence‐Based Approach to Refractory Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Borucki Robert , Werth Victoria P.
Published: August 2020

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can present with a variety of skin manifestations and have a dramatic effect on a patient’s quality of life. Effective treatment options for this disease are limited, and the efficacy of these treatments is often supported by low levels of evidence. This makes the treatment of refractory disease especially challenging, as it is difficult to achieve a consensus on the appropriate progression of treatment beyond first‐ and second‐line treatment options. The treatment of refractory CLE often involves some degree of immunosuppression, which carries some risk for patients and requires a thoughtful approach to the selection of medications. Some treatments that have proven to be effective in systemic disease may not be as effective in cutaneous disease, making it difficult to extrapolate from the available evidence on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ultimately, the increased use of objective skin measurements in SLE clinical trials is necessary to understand drug efficacy in CLE and develop new treatments for this challenging disease. Here, we provide clinical examples of the challenges involved in treating refractory CLE, examine the evidence currently available for treatment options, and provide an algorithmic approach to the treatment of refractory disease based on this evidence. Novel therapies under development for CLE are also discussed, as they may soon be part of the accepted treatment regimen for refractory CLE.
Study of tyrosine and dopa enantiomers as tyrosinase substrates initiatingl‐ andd‐melanogenesis pathways
Authors: Fernandez‐Julia Pedro J. , Tudela‐Serrano Jose , Garcia‐Molina Francisco , Garcia‐Canovas Francisco , Garcia‐Jimenez Antonia , Munoz‐Munoz Jose L.
Published: August 2020

Tyrosinase starts melanogenesis and determines its course, catalyzing the oxidation by molecular oxygen of tyrosine to dopa, and that of dopa to dopaquinone. Then, nonenzymatic coupling reactions lead to dopachrome, which evolves toward melanin. Recently, it has been reported thatd‐tyrosine acts as tyrosinase inhibitor and depigmenting agent. The action of tyrosinase on the enantiomers of tyrosine (l‐tyrosine andd‐tyrosine) and dopa (l‐dopa andd‐dopa) was studied for the first time focusing on quantitative transient phase kinetics. Post‐steady‐state transient phase studies revealed thatl‐dopachrome is formed more rapidly thand‐dopachrome. This is due to the lower values of Michaelis constants forl‐enantiomers than ford‐enantiomers, although the maximum rates are equal for both enantiomers. A deeper analysis of the inter‐steady‐state transient phase of monophenols demonstrated that the enantiomerd‐tyrosine causes a longer lag period and a lower steady‐state rate, thanl‐tyrosine at the same concentration. Therefore,d‐melanogenesis fromd‐tyrosine occurs more slowly than doesl‐melanogenesis froml‐tyrosine, which suggests the apparent inhibition of melanin biosynthesis byd‐tyrosine. As conclusion,d‐tyrosine acts as a real substrate of tyrosinase, with low catalytic efficiency and, therefore, delays the formation ofd‐melanin.
Update on the developmental consequences of cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Grant Kimberly S. , Conover Elizabeth , Chambers Christina D.
Published: August 2020

There is a strong increase in prevalence trends for cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation as more states legalize use of this drug. Information on the teratogenic risk of cannabis is limited but some important themes can be gleaned. Studies have not found a unique phenotypic signature of prenatal exposure but an increased risk of congenital anomalies, particularly gastroschisis, has been reported. Changes in fetal growth have been described in some epidemiological studies but long‐term patterns of physical growth appear unaffected. Prenatal exposure to cannabis is not generally associated with reductions in global IQ but specific cognitive skills, especially attention and memory, can be negatively impacted. Long‐term impacts on psychological health include increased rates of depressive symptoms and anxiety as well as delinquency. Relatively little is known about the risk of maternal cannabis use during lactation but data suggest that infant exposure is relatively low compared to maternal exposure. As delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels increase to meet consumer demand and routes of exposure diversify, there is a strong need for prospective birth‐cohort studies that collect biological samples to quantify exposure. Data from such studies will be critical to overcoming the weaknesses of past cannabis research and are essential to establishing reliable information on the risks of maternal use. Until that time, health care providers should be encouraged to talk about the risks and benefits associated with cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation with their patients, emphasizing that fetal and neonatal risks cannot be excluded at this time.
Exercise to explain X‐chromosome inactivation in humans
Authors: Morán Paloma
Published: August 2020

Distance learning requires the combined use of techniques because it is more complicated to keep the students' attention. This exercise is designed to explain the inactivation of the x‐chromosome in humans and is intended to complement the theoretical explanations. It is estimated that it lasts two hours and makes use of different web resources. It is intended for students familiar with the use of BLAST tools.
Quality and capacity indicators for hospitalized pediatric oncology patients with critical illness: A modified delphi consensus
Authors: Arias Anita V. , Garza Marcela , Murthy Srinivas , Cardenas Adolfo , Diaz Franco , Montalvo Erika , Nielsen Katie R. , Kortz Teresa , Sharara‐Chami Rana , Friedrich Paola , McArthur Jennifer , Agulnik Asya
Published: August 2020

Background

Hospitalized pediatric hematology‐oncology (PHO) patients are at high risk for critical illness, especially in resource‐limited settings. Unfortunately, there are no established quality indicators to guide institutional improvement for these patients. The objective of this study was to identify quality indicators to include in PROACTIVE (PediatRic Oncology cApaCity assessment Tool for IntensiVe carE), an assessment tool to evaluate the capacity and quality of pediatric critical care services offered to PHO patients.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review identified relevant indicators in the areas of structure, performance, and outcomes. An international focus group sorted potential indicators using the framework of domains and subdomains. A modified, three‐round Delphi was conducted among 36 international experts with diverse experience in PHO and critical care in high‐resource and resource‐limited settings. Quality indicators were ranked on relevance and actionability via electronically distributed surveys.

Results

PROACTIVE contains 119 indicators among eight domains and 22 subdomains, with high‐median importance (≥7) in both relevance and actionability, and ≥80% evaluator agreement. The top five indicators were: (a) A designated PICU area; (b) Availability of a pediatric intensivist; (c) A PHO physician as part of the primary team caring for critically ill PHO patients; (d) Trained nursing staff in pediatric critical care; and (e) Timely PICU transfer of hospitalized PHO patients requiring escalation of care.

Conclusions

PROACTIVE is a consensus‐derived tool to assess the capacity and quality of pediatric onco‐critical care in resource‐limited settings. Future endeavors include validation of PROACTIVE by correlating the proposed indicators to clinical outcomes and its implementation to identify service delivery gaps amenable to improvement.
Build trust with your community to resolve concerns early
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: August 2020

John Gaffin graduated from Northern Kentucky University with his undergraduate degree on a Friday night. Sunday afternoon, he started the police academy at the institution. Gaffin, Chief of Police at NKU, has been with the department for the last 14 years. Gaffin said the move ended up being prescient, as shortly after he graduated, the 2008 recession hit and many of his friends ended up unemployed.
Metastasis of a prostate adenocarcinoma to mandible: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Hasheminasab Mahboube , Karimi Abbas , Kardoust Parizi Mehdi , Kosari Farid , Asadi Amirali
Published: August 2020

Dentists and physicians should include oral metastases originating from prostate adenocarcinoma as a rare differential diagnosis of jaw lesions that can produce periosteal reactions in the radiographic features such as osteosarcoma.
Recyclable Ruthenium Catalyst for Distal meta‐C−H Activation
Authors: Choi Isaac , Müller Valentin , Wang Yanhui , Xue Kai , Kuniyil Rositha , Andreas Loren B. , Karius Volker , Alauzun Johan G. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: August 2020

We disclose the unprecedented hybrid‐ruthenium catalysis for distal meta‐C−H activation. The hybrid‐ruthenium catalyst was recyclable, as was proven by various heterogeneity tests, and fully characterized with various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, highlighting the physical and chemical stability. Thereby, the hybrid‐ruthenium catalysis proved broadly applicable for meta‐C−H alkylations of among others purine‐based nucleosides and natural product conjugates. Additionally, its versatility was further reflected by meta‐C−H activations through visible‐light irradiation, as well as para‐selective C−H activations.
Axially chiral hemiaminals from nonracemic α‐amino acid derivatives (thiohydantoins): Synthesis and isomer identification
Authors: Sarigul Ozbek Sevgi , Dogan Ilknur
Published: August 2020

Stable, nonracemic axially chiral hemiaminals (O,N‐hemiacetals) have been synthesized stereoselectively from lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) reductions of nonracemic 5‐methyl‐ and 5‐isopropyl‐3‐(o‐aryl)‐2‐thioydantoins in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature in 10 min. PredominantlyS‐configured hemiaminals at C‐4 of the heterocyclic ring were produced from the S‐configured thiohydantoins at C‐5 (by 80% when the C5 substituent is methyl and by 97% when it is isopropyl). The configuration at C‐5 was retained during the reduction reaction. The stereochemical outcome of the axially chiral hemiaminals resulted from their conformational preferences.
Description of a new biosafe procedure for cytological specimens from patients with COVID‐19 processed by liquid‐based preparations
Authors: Straccia Patrizia , Rossi Esther Diana , Martini Maurizio , Mulè Antonino , Cianfrini Federica , Curatolo Mariangela , Cancellieri Alessandra , Brunelli Chiara , Zannoni Gian Franco , Fadda Guido
Published: August 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease. The spread of the infection and the severe clinical disease have led to the widespread adoption of social distancing measures. Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission have been applied at all social levels, including health care operators. Hence, this reports focuses on the description of a new protocol for the safe management of cytological samples processed by liquid‐based cytology (LBC) with an evaluation of the changes in terms of morphology and immunoreactivity.

Methods

From March 11 to April 25, 2020, 414 cytological cases suspicious for SARS‐CoV‐2 were processed with a new virus‐inactivating method suggested by Hologic, Inc, for all LBC specimens.

Results

The samples showed an increased amount of fibrin in the background. A slight decrease in cellular size was also observed in comparison with the standard method of preparation. Nonetheless, the nuclear details of the neoplastic cells were well identified, and the immunoreactivity of the majority of those cells was maintained. The cell blocks did not show significant differences in morphology, immunoreactivity, or nucleic acid stability.

Conclusions

Despite some minor changes in the morphology of the cells, the results of this study highlight that the adoption of the new protocol for the biosafety of LBC‐processed samples in pathology laboratories is important for minimizing the risk for personnel, trainees, and cytopathologists without impairing the diagnostic efficacy of the technique.
Bio‐inspired Mimosa pudica algorithm for energy‐efficient wireless video sensor networks
Authors: Murugeswari S. , Murugan Kalpana
Published: August 2020

Wireless video sensor network (WVSN) has attracted much research interest due to its multi‐faceted potential applications in different fields. An energy‐efficient protocol is fundamental for WVSN since the network has to deal with traffic‐intensive multimedia data, such as images and videos. A few issues come in front for any such setting like energy inefficiency, throughput unfairness, and low network capacity. In many cases, we need to strike a balance between required parameters or aspects, but there is no alternative to ensuring appropriate energy efficiency in the process. Keeping this in mind, this paper proposes a holistic solution named energy‐efficient bio‐inspired Mimosa pudica (EEBIMP) algorithm. EEBIMP for WVSN can reduce the time delay and avoid unnecessary energy consumption due to clustering the network. Our proposed algorithm has been compared with one of the most recent notable solutions, like GREENNESS (Green wiReless vidEo sENsor NEtworks uSing out‐of‐band Signalling), PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), and CUCKOO search algorithm. The result shows that EEBIMP achieved 95% of energy efficiency and throughput when compared with other algorithms of GREENNESS, PSO, and CUCKOO.
Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte unter der Lupe – Ökobilanzen im Gebäudevergleich
Authors: Nisse Juliane , Armbrecht Katharina
Published: August 2020

Das Thema Ökobilanzen im Gebäudekontext spielt umwelt‐ und gesellschaftspolitisch eine immer bedeutendere Rolle. Dieser Artikel analysiert den Aspekt Klimaschutz im Rahmen von Nachhaltigkeitsbewertungen von Gebäuden. Im Hinblick auf gebäudebezogene Ökobilanzen wird ein Überblick über fünf gängige, in der Fachwelt anerkannte Ökobilanzstudien (LCEE, RUB, KÖNIG, FIW, STEINBEIS) gegeben. Insbesondere werden die in den Studien getroffenen Annahmen und Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Auswirkungen auf die Ergebnisse analysiert. Dazu werden in Form einer vergleichenden Betrachtung Gemeinsamkeiten sowie wesentliche Unterscheidungsmerkmale der einzelnen Untersuchungen aufgezeigt.
Der Deutsche Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e.V. (DAfM) – ein Statusbericht im dritten Jahr nach der Gründung
Authors: Rast Ronald , Scheller Eckehard
Published: August 2020

Am 30. Januar 2018 wurde der Deutsche Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e.V. (DAfM) gegründet.

Stahlbeton und Mauerwerk sind die Massenbaustoffe, aus denen Deutschland seine Gebäude errichtet. Im Jahr 2019 wurden im gesamten Wohnungs‐ und Nichtwohnungsbau Deutschlands rund 130 Mio. Kubikmeter umbauter Raum (m3 u.R.) überwiegend aus Stahlbeton und rund 122 Mio. m3 u.R. aus Mauerwerk errichtet. Mit einem Marktanteil von etwa 72 % ist Mauerwerk der Wandbaustoff Nummer 1 im deutschen Wohnungsbau. In der DAfM geht es darum, das Bauen mit Ziegeln, Kalksandsteinen, Porenbeton‐ und Leichtbetonsteinen weiter zu optimieren. Bauherren, Bauwirtschaft, Baustoffindustrie, Bauaufsicht, Wissenschaft sowie Beratende Ingenieure und Prüfingenieure ziehen dabei an einem Strang. Der „Deutsche Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e.V.” vereint somit die Kompetenzen im Bereich des Mauerwerksbaus in Deutschland. Die Mitglieder des Vereins haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, Wissenschaft und Forschung auf dem Gebiet des Mauerwerksbaus zu fördern. Mit der Erarbeitung von entsprechenden Regelungen – ergänzend zu Gesetzen und Verordnungen, DIN‐Normen und Zulassungen des DIBt – hat der DAfM Richtlinienkompetenz für die Anwendung von Mauerwerkskonstruktionen am Bau erworben. Wenn man bedenkt, dass der Deutsche Ausschuss für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) schon seit über 100 Jahren diese Funktion für den Stahlbetonbau wahrnimmt, war die Gründung des DAfM überfällig. Das im DAfM gebündelte Know‐how bildet das Fundament für den Mauerwerksbau von morgen. Wer Lust hat, den Mauerwerksbau weiter voranzubringen, ist als Mitglied jederzeit herzlich willkommen.
Cognitive‐behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Feasibility, acceptability, and proof‐of‐concept for children and adolescents
Authors: Thomas Jennifer J. , Becker Kendra R. , Kuhnle Megan C. , Jo Jenny H. , Harshman Stephanie G. , Wons Olivia B. , Keshishian Ani C. , Hauser Kristine , Breithaupt Lauren , Liebman Rachel E. , Misra Madhusmita , Wilhelm Sabine , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Eddy Kamryn T.
Published: August 2020

Objective

Little is known about the optimal treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and proof‐of‐concept for cognitive‐behavioral therapy for ARFID (CBT‐AR) in children and adolescents.

Method

Males and females (ages 10–17 years) were offered 20–30 sessions of CBT‐AR delivered in a family‐based or individual format.

Results

Of 25 eligible individuals, 20 initiated treatment, including 17 completers and 3 dropouts. Using intent‐to‐treat analyses, clinicians rated 17 patients (85%) as “much improved” or “very much improved.” ARFID severity scores (on the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview) significantly decreased per both patient and parent report. Patients incorporated a mean of 16.7 (SD = 12.1) new foods from pre‐ to post‐treatment. The underweight subgroup showed a significant weight gain of 11.5 (SD = 6.0) pounds, moving from the 10th to the 20th percentile for body mass index. At post‐treatment, 70% of patients no longer met criteria for ARFID.

Discussion

This is the first study of an outpatient manualized psychosocial treatment for ARFID in older adolescents. Findings provide evidence of feasibility, acceptability, and proof‐of‐concept for CBT‐AR. Randomized controlled trials are needed.
An illustrated manual for environmental DNA research: Water sampling guidelines and experimental protocols
Authors: Minamoto Toshifumi , Miya Masaki , Sado Tetsuya , Seino Satoquo , Doi Hideyuki , Kondoh Michio , Nakamura Keigo , Takahara Teruhiko , Yamamoto Satoshi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Araki Hitoshi , Iwasaki Wataru , Kasai Akihide , Masuda Reiji , Uchii Kimiko
Published: August 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based assessments of macro‐organisms have now become an essential approach for biomonitoring. eDNA survey methods have a number of advantages over conventional survey methods. However, the value of the data that will accumulate would be greatly enhanced by standardizing the analysis methods, which would allow us to compare data from multiple monitoring sites at different points in time. The eDNA Society (http://ednasociety.org/en/about), whose founding members consist of Japanese researchers conducting eDNA studies on macro‐organisms, was established in 2018, with the aim of expanding eDNA technology and science. Here, we introduce our key publication, “Environmental DNA Sampling and Experiment Manual” (http://ednasociety.org/en/manual), which was published under the initiative of the eDNA Society. Detailed methods for the surveys and experiments are described in the manual, including the selection of sampling sites, sampling methods, filtration methods, DNA extraction, species‐specific detection by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and fish eDNA metabarcoding. The manual assists users in conducting standardized surveys and quality experiments, and provides a basis for collecting comparable data. Given that the efficacy of methods can be context dependent and variable, and that procedures may sometimes conflict with standardization, it is difficult to ensure that all processes are equally effective. However, even in such cases, it is important to maintain sufficiently high data quality by setting the minimum standards to be followed. Implementation of such standardized methodologies will enable the systematic and frequent collection of flawless, comparable eDNA data from around the world; this will provide important fundamental information for biodiversity conservation, as well as the sustainable use of fisheries resources.
Role and task allocation framework for Multirobot collaboration with latent knowledge estimation
Authors: Gianni Mario , Uddin Mohammad Salah
Published: August 2020

In this work a novel framework for modeling role and task allocation in Cooperative Heterogeneous Multi‐Robot Systems (CHMRSs) is presented. This framework encodes a CHMRS as a set of multidimensional relational structures (MDRSs). This set of structure defines collaborative tasks through both temporal and spatial relations between processes of heterogeneous robots. These relations are enriched with tensors which allow for geometrical reasoning about collaborative tasks. A learning schema is also proposed in order to derive the components of each MDRS. According to this schema, the components are learnt from data reporting the situated history of the processes executed by the team of robots. Data are organized as a multirobot collaboration treebank (MRCT) in order to support learning. Moreover, a generative approach, based on a probabilistic model, is combined together with nonnegative tensor decomposition (NTD) for both building the tensors and estimating latent knowledge. Preliminary evaluation of the performance of this framework is performed in simulation with three heterogeneous robots, namely, two Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and one Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
Respiration‐driven triboelectric nanogenerators for biomedical applications
Authors: Li Jun , Long Yin , Yang Fan , Wang Xudong
Published: August 2020

As a fundamental and ubiquitous body motion, respiration offers a large amount of biomechanical energy with an average power up to the Watt level through movements of multiple muscles. The energy from respiration featured with excellent stability, accessibility and continuality inspires the design and engineering of biomechanical energy harvesting devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), to realize human‐powered electronics. This review article is thus dedicated to the emerging respiration‐driven TENG technology, covering fundamentals, applications, and perspectives. Specifically, the human breathing mechanics are first introduced serving as the base for the developments of TENG devices with different configurations. Biomedical applications including electrical energy generation, healthcare monitoring, air filtration, gas sensing, electrostimulation, and powering implantable medical devices are then analyzed focusing on the design‐application relationships. At last, current developments are summarized and critical challenges for driving these intriguing developments toward practical applications are discussed together with promising solutions.

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Attitudes towards change mediate the effect of dissociation on psychopathological outcome in the treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Beato‐Fernandez Luis , Muñoz‐Martinez Victoria , Mata‐Saenz Beatriz , Gimeno‐Clemente Natalia , Rojo‐Moreno Luis , Vaz‐Leal Francisco J. , Rodriguez‐Cano Teresa
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The study aimed to examine whether dissociation and attitudes towards change were associated with the psychopathology in patients with eating disorders (EDs) at 1‐year follow‐up.

Method

The study included 110 females with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (48 and 62 respectively). At the beginning of the study and 1 year later, they were assessed by means of the following questionnaires: Dissociative Experiences Scale, Attitudes Towards Change (ACTA), State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Eating Attitude Test, Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ).

Results

No statistically significant differences were found between both diagnostic groups regarding dissociation scores. The ACTA at baseline, specifically for patients in the contemplation stage, mediate the effect of dissociation on the psychopathological outcome.

Discussion

These findings suggest that dissociation might be a transdiagnostic feature related to the EDs outcome. The psychotherapeutic framework must take it into account, particularly in patients in the contemplation stage.
A novel double pole transfer function‐single frequency filtering approach for speech enhancement
Authors: Srinivasarao V. , Ghanekar Umesh
Published: August 2020

Speech intelligibility improvement is a major field of recent research with in audiology and hearing domain. Speech signal usually gets affected due to various environmental and background noise. Several approaches for speech intelligibility improvement were presented in the literature. In this paper, a method of speech enhancement based on Double Pole Transfer Function‐Single Frequency Filter (DPTF‐SFF) has been proposed. In the SFF approach the temporal and spectral resolutions are controlled with a one particular value of the filter that corresponds to the pole position in the complex z‐plane. The proposed method uses double pole transfer function SFF that improves the magnitude and phase for various frequencies which are used in the synthesis of the original signal. In the analysis of this method clean speech signals are used from GRID corpus database and noise signals are taken from NOIZEUS and NOISEX‐92 databases. The performance evaluation of this method is carried out in terms of Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality, Short‐Time Objective Intelligibility, and Segmental Signal to Noise Ratio metrics. The implementation results proved that the proposed method is an efficient one as it gives higher intelligibility scores compared to the existing methods at different SNR levels (dB) and for different noises employed.
Forecasting US inflation using Markov dimension switching
Authors: Prüser Jan
Published: August 2020

This study considers Bayesian variable selection in the Phillips curve context by using the Bernoulli approach of Korobilis (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2013, 28(2), 204–230). The Bernoulli model, however, is unable to account for model change over time, which is important if the set of relevant predictors changes. To tackle this problem, this paper extends the Bernoulli model by introducing a novel modeling approach called Markov dimension switching (MDS). MDS allows the set of predictors to change over time. It turns out that only a small set of predictors is relevant and that the relevant predictors exhibit a sizable degree of time variation for which the Bernoulli approach is not able to account, stressing the importance and benefit of the MDS approach. In addition, this paper provides empirical evidence that allowing for changing predictors over time is crucial for forecasting inflation.
Surface Composition of a Highly Active Pt3Y Alloy Catalyst for Application in Low Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Brown R. , Vorokhta M. , Skála T. , Khalakhan I. , Lindahl N. , Eriksson B. , Lagergren C. , Matolínová I. , Matolín V. , Wickman B.
Published: August 2020

Currently, platinum is the most widely used catalyst for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). However, the kinetics at the cathode are slow, and the price of platinum is high. To improve oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode, platinum can be alloyed with rare earth elements, such as yttrium. We report that Pt3Y has the potential to be over 2 times more active for the ORR compared with Pt inside a real fuel cell. We present detailed photoemission analysis into the nature of the sputtered catalyst surface, using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES) to examine if surface adsorbates or impurities are present and can be removed. Pretreatment removes most of the yttrium oxide in the surface leaving behind a Pt overlayer which is only a few monolayers thick. Evidence of a substochiometric oxide peak in the Y 3d core level is presented, this oxide extends into the surface even after Ar+ sputter cleaning in‐situ. This information will aid the development of new highly active nanocatalysts for employment in real fuel cell electrodes.
The sensitivity of trading to the cost of information
Authors: Frino Alex , Kovačević Ognjen , Mollica Vito , Webb Robert I.
Published: August 2020

We examine the impact of changes in real‐time data access fees on price discovery in the crude oil futures market. Specifically, we examine differences in price discovery in the West Texas Intermediate crude oil futures contracts traded on two exchanges around three events corresponding to changes in real‐time data access fees. We document a decrease in price discovery following two events that increase data access costs. These findings are consistent with the theoretical predictions of Cespa and Foucault that increases in data access costs reduce the number of market participants trading on real‐time data and adversely impact price discovery.
Uncertain SBM data envelopment analysis model: A case study in Iranian banks
Authors: Jamshidi Mohammad , Sanei Masoud , Mahmoodirad Ali , Lotfi Farhad Hoseinzadeh , Tohidi Ghasem
Published: August 2020

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a strong analytical tool and methodology for evaluating the relative efficiency of decision‐making units (DMUs). The DEA models require inputs and outputs, which are equipped with precise information. However, the real‐world inputs and outputs are probably so changeable and complicated that cannot be measured accurately. Consequently, this conflict leads to the analysis of uncertain DEA models. This paper aims to analyze the slacks‐based measure (SBM) model in an uncertain environment where the uncertain inputs and outputs are belief degree‐based uncertainty. The belief degree‐based uncertainty is useful for the cases in which no historical information of an uncertain event is available. As a solution methodology, the uncertain SBM model is converted to a crisp form by using three approaches separately: expected value model, expected value and chance‐constrained model, and dependent chance‐constrained model. Additionally, an alternative uncertain model is introduced to reveal differences of DMUs rankings in three crisp methods. Finally, an applied scenario regarding the Iranian banking system is documented to present the new models.
A network analysis of electricity demand and the cryptocurrency markets
Authors: Okorie David I.
Published: August 2020

This article examines the connectedness and information spillover in the Electricity‐Crypto Network (ECN) system. The Bitcoin and Ethereum markets are studied due to the level of electricity demand for active trading and mining in the three leading crypto mining economies (United States, China, and Japan). Among other findings, the leading net transmitter of information is the return of the Bitcoin market while the demand for electricity in the U.S. and Japan are the leading net information receivers in the ECN system. In a nutshell, the return and trading volumes of the cryptocurrency markets are net information transmitters while the markets' volatility and the demand for electricity in the U.S., China, and Japan are net information receivers in the system. As a policy relevance, given the favourable developments in these crypto markets, greener sources of electrical energy are expedient to mitigate emissions while mining these coins. This will reduce the impact of human activities on the climate.