bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Innovations in Laser Processing of Metallic Materials
Authors: Murzin Serguei P.
Published: December 2024

This article explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced digital technologies into laser processing, highlighting their potential to enhance precision, efficiency, and process control. The study examines the application of digital twins and machine learning (ML) for optimizing laser machining, reducing defects, and improving the analysis of laser–material interactions. Emphasis is placed on AI’s role in additive manufacturing and microprocessing, particularly in real-time monitoring, defect prediction, and parameter optimization. Additionally, the article addresses emerging challenges, such as the adaptation of AI models to complex material behaviors and the integration of intelligent systems into existing manufacturing environments. The role of advanced optical technologies, such as free-form optics and diffractive optical elements, is discussed in relation to enhancing laser system adaptability and performance. The article concludes with a discussion on future trends, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome technical and economic complexities while leveraging AI to meet the growing demand for precision and customization in industrial manufacturing.
Integrative Metagenomic Analyses Reveal Gut Microbiota-Derived Multiple Hits Connected to Development of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alarifi Sehad N. , Alyamani Essam Jamil , Alarawi Mohammed , Alquait Azzam A. , Alolayan Mohammed A. , Aldossary Ahmad M. , EL-Rahman Randa A. Abd , Mir Rashid
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with gut dysbiosis. To investigate the association between gut microbiota and T2DM in a Saudi Arabian population. Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of fecal microbiota from 35 individuals, including both T2DM patients and healthy controls. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to characterize the microbial community structure. Results: Our findings revealed significant differences in microbial composition between the two groups. The T2DM group exhibited a higher abundance of Firmicutes and lower levels of Bacteroidetes compared to the healthy control group. At the genus level, T2DM patients showed a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides and Akkermansia, while an increase in Ruminococcus and Prevotella was observed. Additionally, the T2DM group had a higher abundance of Faecalibacterium, Agathobacter, and Lachnospiraceae, along with a lower abundance of Bacteroides. Conclusions: These results suggest that alterations in gut microbiota composition may contribute to the development of T2DM in the Saudi Arabian population. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings and explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiome.
Association Between Diabetes Mellitus–Tuberculosis and the Generation of Drug Resistance
Authors: Cornejo-Báez Axhell Aleid , Zenteno-Cuevas Roberto , Luna-Herrera Julieta
Published: December 2024

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the leading infectious causes of death globally, with drug resistance presenting a significant challenge to control efforts. The interplay between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and TB introduces additional complexity, as T2DM triples the risk of active TB and exacerbates drug resistance development. This review explores how T2DM-induced metabolic and immune dysregulation fosters the survival of Mtb, promoting persistence and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Mechanisms such as efflux pump activation and the subtherapeutic levels of isoniazid and rifampicin in T2DM patients are highlighted as key contributors to resistance. We discuss the dual syndemics of T2DM–TB, emphasizing the role of glycemic control and innovative therapeutic strategies, including efflux pump inhibitors and host-directed therapies like metformin. This review underscores the need for integrated diagnostic, treatment, and management approaches to address the global impact of T2DM–TB comorbidity and drug resistance.
An Archean Porphyry-Type Deposit: Cu-Au Mineralization Associated with the Chibougamau Tonalite–Diorite Pluton, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada
Authors: Crépon Alexandre , Mathieu Lucie , Kontak Daniel J. , Marsh Jeffrey , Hamilton Michael A.
Published: December 2024

The Neoarchean diorite- and tonalite-dominated Chibougamau pluton (Canada) is ideal for case studies dedicated to the petrogenesis and timing of emplacement of fertile magmatic systems and associated Cu-Au porphyry systems. Using whole-rock analyses, geochronology, and zircon chemistry, it is determined that an early magmatic phase (pre-2714 Ma) is derived from a dioritic magma with a moderate ƒO2 (ΔFMQ 0 to +1), which is optimal for transporting Au and Cu, and that diorite is a potentially fertile magma. Field descriptions indicate that the main mineralizing style consists of sulfide-filled hairline fractures and quartz–carbonate veins. This is likely the consequence of fluid circulation facilitated by a well-developed diaclase network formed following the intrusion of magma at about 4–7 km depth in a competent hosting material. The petrographic features of fluid inclusions (FIs), considered with their microthermometric data and evaporate mound chemistry, suggest the exsolution of early CO2-rich fluids followed by the unmixing of later aqueous saline fluids characterized by a magmatic signature (i.e., Na-, Ca-, Fe-, Mn-, Ba-, and Cl-F). The type of magmatism and its oxidation state, age relationships, the nature of mineralization, and fluid chemistry together support a model whereby metalliferous fluids are derived from an intermediate hydrous magma. This therefore enforces a porphyry-type metallogenic model for this Archean setting.
The Catalytic Mechanism of Key Enzymes Involved in the Synthesis of Ergothioneine in Lentinula edodes
Authors: Li Zheng , Ding Jianjun , Huang Wen , Bian Yinbing , Feng Xi , Liu Ying
Published: December 2024

C-S lyase is a crucial enzyme responsible for the formation of sulfur-containing flavor compounds in Lentinula edodes. We investigated the involvement of C-S lyase in the synthesis of ergothioneine (EGT) in L. edodes, a high-producing edible mushroom. Through experimental and computational approaches, we identified Lecsl2, a C-S lyase, as a key enzyme involved in EGT synthesis in L. edodes. We characterized the enzymatic catalytic mechanism of Egt1 and Egt2, the two enzymes primarily catalyzing EGT synthesis in fungi. The results showed that Egt1 interacted with His, SAM, and Cys to form the intermediate product Her-sul, while Egt2, a PLP-dependent enzyme, cleaved the C-S bond on Her-sul to produce EGT. However, our findings suggested that Egt2 in L. edodes might not form a covalent bond with PLP, unlike the previously reported catalytic mechanism of Egt2 involving covalent catalysis. The study provided new insights into the synthesis pathway of EGT in L. edodes and highlighted the need for further investigation into the catalytic mechanism of Egt2 in this species.
Efficient Encapsulation and Controlled Release of the Pesticide Emamectin Benzoate in Polylactic Acid Microspheres Prepared by Modified Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Xu Sheng , Liu Yamin , Chen Yilan , Wu Gang
Published: December 2024

Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a highly effective broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide. However, because EB is easily degraded, the conventional formulations of EB are often overapplied. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA)-based microspheres were prepared using the modified solvent evaporation method for the controlled release of EB. The microspheres were optimized to achieve higher EB loading. The effects of process parameters on the properties of microspheres, including encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, and pesticide loading, were investigated. Additionally, the controlled release behavior of EB microspheres was compared with that of conventional EB emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Spherical-shaped microspheres were obtained with an EE reaching 90.63 ± 1.90%, and introducing an external aqueous phase into the system can significantly enhance the EE of microspheres by over 30%. FTIR, DSC, and XRD analyses indicate that the preparation process of PLA microspheres was mainly physical encapsulation and had no chemical effect on EB. Notably, the EB microspheres displayed more potent control efficacy compared to commercial formulation EB EC against Plutella xylostella. The corrected mortality for the EB microspheres reached 90.00 ± 5.77% after 21 days of application, whereas the corrected mortality for the EB EC was only 19.23 ± 6.66% after 14 days of application. Our study demonstrates that EB-encapsulated PLA microspheres have strong potential as environmentally friendly control release EB formulations.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Cellulose from Aloe Vera Plant Residue and Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystal–Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels
Authors: Triantafyllou Eleni , Karydis-Messinis Andreas , Moschovas Dimitrios , Kyriakaki Christina , Vasilopoulos Konstantinos C. , Giannakas Aris E. , Karakassides Michael A. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos , Zafeiropoulos Nikolaos E. , Salmas Constantinos E.
Published: December 2024

Biomass valorization and bio-based material development are of major research interest following the spirit of the circular economy. Aloe vera cultivation is a widespread agricultural activity oriented toward supplement production because of its well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Aloe vera juice production also produces a large amount of biomass byproducts that are usually landfilled. On the other hand, cellulose nanocrystals are widely used in several applications, such as biomaterials, bio-compatible polymers, nanocomposites, food packaging, medicines, cosmetics, and sensors, due to their unique physical, mechanical, optical, electrical, and healing properties as well as their compatibility with biological tissues. This study introduces a novel approach combining the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of cellulose from this residue with the subsequent isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The MAE process, which exhibits a rapid heating and penetrating ability, was optimized to maximize the cellulose yield under various conditions (microwave power, solvent ratio, and time). Analysis using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DMA indicated that isolated pure cellulose nanocrystals and a stable PVA–CNC porous hydrogel network were produced. The PVA–CNC hydrogel was synthesized to enable the formation of a semi-crystalline network that imparts the material with enhanced mechanical properties. Both final products of this study could potentially be used for various applications.
Mechanism of Efficient Smithsonite Flotation with a Ternary Composite Collector Under Sulfur-Free Conditions
Authors: Li Rui , Shao Yanhai , Li Jinhui , Liu Chenjie , Chen Hongqin , Meng Xiao , Jia Xinru
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for zinc resources and the declining availability of sulfide zinc ore reserves have made the efficient utilization of zinc oxide a topic of considerable interest. In this study, a ternary composite collector ABN (Al-BHA-NaOL system) was applied to the direct flotation of smithsonite. Micro-flotation studies showed that at pH 9, ABN exhibited better adsorption on smithsonite, achieving a recovery rate of 80.62%. Visual MINTEQ 3.1 and zeta potential analysis confirmed that ABN predominantly reacted with Zn(OH)2(aq) on the surface of smithsonite. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis results elucidated the formation of Al-O bonds through chemical adsorption on the smithsonite surface. Additionally, powder contact angle measurements indicated that ABN enhances the surface contact angle of smithsonite. These results illuminate that ABN is adsorbed by reacting with O sites on hydroxylated metal ions on the smithsonite surface, with Al serving as the adsorption center, thereby achieving separation and purification. Due to ABN’s adsorption characteristics, smithsonite can achieve efficient and clean direct flotation recovery without sulfidization.
Selection of Representative Asphaltene Molecules in an Asphalt Molecular Model Based on Quantum Chemistry and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Zhu Jie , Xia Ganyu , Shen Dejian , Li Yangtao , Jin Baosheng , Wu Shengxing
Published: December 2024

Asphaltenes, as the most complex and strongly polar component among the four components of asphalt, have a significant impact on the macroscopic physicochemical properties of asphalt. Currently, the vast variety of molecular structures used to characterize asphaltenes increases the construction complexity of asphalt molecular models. To construct a more realistic asphalt molecular model and reduce the construction difficulty, this investigation obtains the molecular morphology, molecular polarity, and infrared spectrum indicators of 21 asphaltene molecules through quantum chemical calculations. Based on statistical analysis methods, the differences among asphaltene molecules are explored, and suggestions for selecting representative asphaltene molecules are proposed. The investigation shows that AS2, AS3, AS12, AS15, and AS17 are representative molecules that are significantly different from other asphaltene molecules. Among them, AS2, AS15, and AS17 are significantly different from the other molecules in terms of polarity and functional groups, while AS3 and AS12 are significantly different from the other molecules in terms of aromatic carbon percentage. This investigation is expected to provide valuable insights into the intrinsic relationship between the nanoscale characteristics and macroscopic properties of asphalt molecules.
Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cyanation of Aryl Halides and Epoxides with Cyanogen Bromide
Authors: Wu Yu-Juan , Ma Chen , Bilal Muhammad , Liang Yu-Feng
Published: December 2024

Nitriles are valuable compounds because they have widespread applications in organic chemistry. This report details the nickel-catalyzed reductive cyanation of aryl halides and epoxides with cyanogen bromide for the synthesis of nitriles. This robust protocol underscores the practicality of using a commercially available and cost-effective cyanation reagent. A variety of aryl halides and epoxides featuring diverse functional groups, such as -TMS, -Bpin, -OH, -NH2, -CN, and -CHO, were successfully converted into nitriles in moderate-to-good yields. Moreover, the syntheses at gram-scale and application in late-stage cyanation of natural products and drugs reinforces its potentiality.
Is There a Relationship Between Physical Performance Factors and Adverse Reactions to Foodstuffs? The ALASKA Study
Authors: Pantoja-Arévalo Lisset , Gesteiro Eva , Pérez-Ruiz Margarita , Tang Songxin , Urrialde Rafael , González-Gross Marcela
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: An optimal physical condition has beneficial effects in adults at risk of chronic diseases. However, research data on how adverse reactions to food (ARFSs) are linked to physical performance are lacking. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the prevalence of ARFS according to age; (b) to analyze physical performance level according to the type of ARFS; and (c) to determine the probability of having a positive ARFS according to physical performance levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 254 Spanish adults (61% women; mean age 43.7 ± 13 y) scoring ≥ 6 in PSIMP-ARFSQ-10 (pathologies and symptomatology questionnaire associated with adverse reactions to foodstuffs) was conducted in the region of Madrid, Spain, following the ALASKA study protocol. Immune-mediated variables used to measure ARFS were sIgE and sIgG4 antibody reactions (AbR) (type 1 and type 2 food hypersensitivities, respectively); non-immune-mediated variables used to measure ARFS were lactose intolerance and fructose malabsorption. Physical performance variables were body balance, leg power, sit-to-stand speed, resting heart rate, handgrip strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The most prevalent sIgE- and sIgG4-mediated ARFSs were against legumes (53% and 46%; 60% and 68% in subjects with ≤45 y and >45 y, respectively). Handgrip strength was significantly lower in subjects positive for lactose intolerance compared to subjects negative for lactose intolerance (p < 0.05). Both the positive mean sIgE and sIgG4 AbR were significantly associated with high physical performance (p < 0.05). Subjects with high physical performance showed a 1.5-fold increase in the odds of the positive mean total sIgE and positive sIgG4 AbR against legumes. Conclusions: In conclusion, subjects aged 45 or younger had a higher prevalence of total type 1 and type 2 food hypersensitivities than subjects older than 45 y. Positive lactose intolerance was linked to lower values of handgrip strength. Subjects with high physical performance, whether male or female, aged ≤45 years, or with a BMI of ≥25, showed significant odds of experiencing type 1 food hypersensitivity to nuts.
Comparing the Effects of Collagen Hydrolysate and Dairy Protein on Recovery from Eccentric Exercise: A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Barclay Rachel , Coad Jane , Schraders Katie , Barnes Matthew
Published: December 2024

Background: Consuming collagen hydrolysate (CH) may improve symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD); however, its acute effects have not been compared to dairy protein (DP), the most commonly consumed form of protein supplement. Therefore, this study compared the effects of CH and DP on recovery from EIMD. Methods: Thirty-three males consumed either CH (n = 11) or DP (n = 11), containing 25 g of protein, or an isoenergetic placebo (n = 11) immediately post-exercise and once daily for three days. Indices of EIMD were measured before and 30 min and 24, 48, and 72 h after 30 min of downhill running on a −15% slope at 80% of VO2max speed. Results: Downhill running induced significant EIMD, with time effects (all p < 0.001) for the delayed onset of muscle soreness (visual analogue scale), countermovement jump height, isometric midthigh pull force, maximal voluntary isometric contraction force, running economy, and biomarkers of muscle damage (creatine kinase) and inflammation (interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). However, no group or interaction effects (all p > 0.05) were observed for any of the outcome measures. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the post-exercise consumption of CH or DP does not improve indices of EIMD during the acute recovery period in recreationally active males.
Understanding Family Experiences: A Study on Mental Health Literacy in Adolescent Eating Disorder Diagnoses
Authors: García Carpintero-Blas Eva , Vélez-Vélez Esperanza , Martínez-Miguel Esther , Tovar-Reinoso Alberto , Del Pozo-Herce Pablo , González-Navajas Carlos , Gómez-Moreno Cristina
Published: December 2024

Background: Adolescent eating disorders pose a significant public health challenge and strongly affect both physical and emotional well-being. Early diagnosis is important for improving treatment outcomes, though it remains complex due to multiple influencing factors. The family perspective is essential in this process, as it provides valuable insights into changes in adolescents’ habits and emotional health. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted between January and February 2023. Interviews were conducted with 12 participants using a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences and perspectives of family members of adolescents with eating disorders. Results: Four thematic blocks comprising several categories were identified: (T1) diagnosis, (T2) family, (T3) resources, and (T4) treatment. The participants emphasized the need for early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of eating disorders. Family therapy was recognized as vital to treatment, and common dissatisfaction with the public health structure underscores the need for greater investment in research and access to specialists. Mental health nurse practitioners play an important role in providing comprehensive care and support, as well as mental health literacy. Conclusions: A holistic, patient-centered approach, including family involvement and appropriate support systems, is key to improving the outcomes and quality of life of adolescents undergoing treatment for eating disorders. Improving healthcare resources and addressing the challenges faced by families is essential. In addition, mental health literacy is critical, as it enables families to understand the disease better, make informed decisions, and actively participate in the recovery process, thus contributing to improved therapeutic outcomes and quality of life for patients.
Public Interest in Online Information on Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Is Greatest for Information with the Poorest Publication Quality
Authors: Thaker Sapna , Chan Justin Y. H. , Thaker Karan N. , Takele Rebecca A. , Newlands Abigail F. , Maxwell Kayleigh , Bhanji Yasin , Kramer Melissa , Scotland Kymora B.
Published: December 2024

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent bacterial infections. With many patients turning to the Internet as a health resource, this study seeks to understand public engagement with online resources concerning recurrent UTIs (rUTIs), assess their reliability, and identify common questions/concerns about rUTIs. Methods: Social media analysis tool BuzzSumo was used to calculate online engagement (likes, shares, comments, views) with information on rUTIs. The reliability of highly engaged articles was evaluated using the DISCERN questionnaire. Highly engaged categories were entered as keywords in Google Trends to quantify search interest. To categorize patient-specific concerns, a database containing anonymously collected patient questions about rUTIs was created. Results: BuzzSumo revealed four search categories: general information, treatment, causes, and herbal remedies. DISCERN scores indicated moderate reliability overall; however, the “herbal remedies” category demonstrated poor reliability despite high engagement. Google Trends analysis highlighted “causes” and “treatment” searches as highest in relative interest. The 10 most popular categories of concern were antibiotics, microbiome, vaccines, prevention, pelvic pain, sex, testing, symptoms, diet/lifestyle, and hormones. Conclusions: People living with rUTIs demonstrate key concerns and often seek information online, yet articles with high engagement often contain unreliable information. Healthcare professionals may consider counteracting misinformation by providing evidence-based information online about rUTIs.
Nanoscale Prussian Blue and Its Analogues: Design and Applications in Infection Control, Wound Healing and Beyond
Authors: Chakraborty Nayanika , Roy Indrajit , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Swati , Pathak Rajiv , Gautam Vibhav , Gautam Hemant K.
Published: December 2024

Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have gained significant attraction in the field of nanomedicine due to their excellent biocompatibility, potential for nanoscale production, exceptional photothermal conversion ability, and multi-enzyme mimicking capabilities. PBNPs have made considerable advancements in their application to biomedical fields. This review embarks with a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical properties and chemical profiling of PB-based nanoparticles, discussing systematic approaches to tune their dimensions, shapes, and sizes, as well as their biomedical properties. Subsequently, the use of PB-based NPs in the biomedical sector is extensively discussed and categorized based on the various features of modified PBNPs, either in combination with drugs or their analogues. Finally, the article highlights the existing challenges associated with current studies and explores the latest developments in these rapidly evolving PB-based nanoplatforms and their therapeutic potentials. Overall, this review aims to deepen the understanding of PB-based NPs and provide crucial insights into their rational design in disease treatment.
Sustained-Release Solid Dispersions of Fenofibrate for Simultaneous Enhancement of the Extent and Duration of Drug Exposure
Authors: Park Seong-Jin , Kim Gyu Lin , Han Hyo-Kyung
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: A sustained-release formulation of fenofibrate while enhancing drug dissolution with minimal food effect is critical for maximizing the therapeutic benefits of fenofibrate. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an effective solid dispersion formulation of fenofibrate for simultaneous enhancement in the extent and duration of drug exposure. Methods: Fenofibrate-loaded solid dispersions (FNSDs) were prepared using poloxamer 407 and Eudragit® RSPO at varied ratios via solvent evaporation. In vitro/in vivo characteristics of FNSDs were examined in comparison with untreated drugs. Results: Based on dissolution profiles of FNSDs in aqueous media, the weight ratio of fenofibrate: poloxamer 407: Eudragit® RSPO at 1:1:4 (FNSD2) was selected as the optimal composition for achieving sustained drug release while maximizing the drug dissolution. The enhanced and sustained drug release of FNSD2 was also confirmed in a buffer transition system mimicking the pH change in the gastrointestinal tract. FNSD2 achieved approximately 66% drug release over 12 h, while pure drug exhibited only 12%. Furthermore, FNSD2 maintained similar release rates under fed and fasted conditions, while the entire drug dissolution slightly increased in the fed state. Structural analysis by x-ray diffraction showed that fenofibrate remained crystalline in FNSD2. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that orally administered FNSD2 significantly improved the extent and duration of systemic drug exposure. Compared to pure drugs, the FNSD2 formulation increased the oral bioavailability of fenofibrate by 22 folds with the delayed Tmax of 4 h in rats. Conclusion: FNSD2 formulation is effective in improving the extent and duration of drug exposure simultaneously.
On the Cryptic Speciation in the Mosses with East Asia–East North America Disjunction: A Case Study of Two Poorly Understood Mosses from the Southern Extremity of the Russian Far East
Authors: Fedosov Vladimir E. , Pisarenko Olga Yu. , Fedorova Alina V. , Afonina Olga M. , Ignatova Elena A.
Published: December 2024

A survey of the moss flora of the southernmost part of the Russian Primorsky Territory yielded several intriguing taxa, whose identity is assessed herein based on an integrative morpho-molecular approach. Bellibarbula recurva was previously known in inland Asia only from the Sino-Himalayan region and the new locality is distant from the earlier known ones to ca. 3000 km. Despite the morphological uniformity, Russian specimens are remarkably distinct in sequences of all three obtained DNA markers, approaching an American specimen in the rps4 sequence. Another probable relic, Symblepharis cf. crispifolia, appeared to be fairly common in the southern part of the Primorsky Territory, where low mountains are covered with hard-leaved forests. Russian specimens of Symblepharis cf. crispifolia var. brevipes show significant divergence from S. crispifolia s.str., which also has complex phylogenetic structure, obscuring further taxonomic implications. The description and illustrations of both taxa based on Russian specimens are provided, and the area, where both species occur, is briefly characterized; it includes numerous thermophilous species, which are rare or do not occur northwards. Our case study uncovers the problem of cryptic speciation within species distributed in temperate climate and is considered to represent relics of Arcto-Tertiary flora.
Alginate Heterografted Copolymer Thermo-Induced Hydrogel Reinforced by PAA-g-P(boc-L-Lysine): Effects on Hydrogel Thermoresponsiveness
Authors: Moschidi Aikaterini-Ariadni , Tsitsilianis Constantinos
Published: December 2024

In this article, we report on the alginate heterografted by Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-N-tert-butyl acrylamide) and Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (ALG-g-P(NIPAM86-co-NtBAM14)-g-PNIPAM) copolymer thermoresponsive hydrogel, reinforced by substituting part of the 5 wt% aqueous formulation by small amounts of Poly(acrylic acid)-g-P(boc-L-Lysine) (PAA-g-P(b-LL)) graft copolymer (up to 1 wt%). The resulting complex hydrogels were explored by oscillatory and steady-state shear rheology. The thermoresponsive profile of the formulations were affected remarkably by increasing the PAA-g-P(b-LL) component of the polymer blend. Especially, the sol-gel behavior altered to soft gel–strong gel behavior due to the formation of a semi-interpenetrating network based on the hydrophobic self-organization of the PAA-g-P(b-LL). In addition, the critical characteristics, namely Tc,thermothickening (temperature above which the viscosity increases steeply) and ΔT (transition temperature window), shifted and broadened to lower temperatures, respectively, due to the influence of the hydrophobic side chains P(b-LL) on the LCST of the PNIPAM-based grafted chains of the alginate. The effect of ionic strength was also examined, showing that this is another important factor affecting the thermoresponsiveness of the hydrogel. Again, the thermoresponsive profile of the hydrogel was changed significantly by the presence of salt. All the formulations showed self-healing capability and tolerance injectability, suitable for potential bioapplications in living bodies.
Mechanical Properties and Degree of Conversion of a Novel 3D-Printing Model Resin
Authors: Ling Long , Lai Theresa , Malyala Raj
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and degree of conversion of a novel 3D-printing model resin and compare it to eight commercially available model resins. An experimental resin formulated by our proprietary resin technology along with DentaModel, NextDent 2, KeyModel Ultra, Rodin Model, Die and Model 2, DMR III, LCD Grey, and Grey Resin were used in this study. Parallelepiped specimens (2 × 2 × 25 mm, n = 5) were printed and measured for their flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), and modulus of resilience (MR) in accordance with ISO-4049. Dumbbell-shaped specimens (Type V, n = 5) were printed to test tensile strength (TS) and elongation according to ASTM-D638. Barcol hardness (BH) was measured based on ASTM D2583 using broken tensile strength specimens. Izod-type test specimens (3.2 × 12.7 × 63.5 mm, n = 10) were printed, notched, and determined for impact strength according to ASTM D256-10. The degree of conversion was measured using FTIR (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). The experimental resin exhibited a similar or significantly greater flexural strength (88.8 MPa), modulus of resilience (2.13 MPa), tensile strength (54.4 MPa), and hardness (82.9) than most model resins (FS 62.6–90.1 MPa, MR 1.37–2.0 MPa, TS 36.3–54.6 MPa, BH 66.1–83.7). The elongation (6.2%) and impact strength (14.2 J/m) of the experimental resin are statistically the same as those of most resins (3.0–7.5%, 13.8–16.4 J/m). However, the experimental resin has a significantly lower flexural modulus (1.97 GPa) than most resins (2.18–3.03 GPa). The experimental resin exhibited a significantly higher degree of conversion (66.58%) than most resins (1.11–62.34%) for 40 s of light curing; however, a similar or higher value (84.87%) than most resins (72.27–82.51%) was obtained for 3D-printed objects. The newly formulated 3D-printing model resin exhibited adequate mechanical properties and degree of conversion, which is comparable to the commercially available 3D-printing model resin materials. The new 3D-printing model resin can be used for modeling applications in restoration, orthodontics, implants, and other cases.
Impact of Temperature on Cement Displacement Efficiency: Analysis of Velocity, Centralization, and Density Differences
Authors: Tang Xiaowei , Zhang Jian , Liu Dewei , Ju Guoshuai , Sun Xiaofeng
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the impact of temperature on the rheological behavior of cement slurry and drilling fluid and examines how various factors, such as displacement speed, casing centralization, and density difference, influence displacement efficiency during cementing operations. Using numerical simulations validated against experimental data, we explore how these factors interact under different temperature conditions. Results indicate that temperature changes significantly affect the flow characteristics, displacement interface stability, and overall displacement efficiency. Findings demonstrate that optimizing these parameters according to temperature conditions can significantly enhance cementing performance and reduce the risk of fluid channeling and instability.
If I Confess with My Mouth: Boundary Markers, Conversion Narratives and Autistic Belief Practices
Authors: Williams Claire , Cundill Helena
Published: December 2024

This article considers evangelical conversion and the practices that are associated with it. Evangelicals use the giving of oral testimony as a method of illustrating the change that occurs at conversion. This becomes, the authors argue, a boundary marker that cannot be bridged by autistic people who do not communicate using speech. Making use of Acts 15 as a hermeneutical tool to address the lived experience of people who have otherwise not been included, we argue that the example of the woman who touched the hem of Jesus’ cloak is a model for proxemics as a declaration of faith. The evangelical belief in conversionism is maintained, but a non-speaking autistic person is able to demonstrate this in other ways, following the haemorrhaging woman’s example.
Special Issue Editorial: “Remote Sensing in Structural Health Monitoring”
Authors: Yang Yang , Lacidogna Giuseppe , Elchalakani Mohamed , Hancock Craig M.
Published: December 2024

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) plays an indispensable role in ensuring the safety and longevity of critical infrastructure, including bridges [...]
Evaluation and Projection of Global Burned Area Based on Global Climate Models and Satellite Fire Product
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Di Zhenhua , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhang Shenglei , Sun Huiying , Tian Xinling , Meng Hao , Wang Xurui
Published: December 2024

Fire plays a critical role in both the formation and degradation of ecosystems; however, there are still significant uncertainties in the estimation of burned areas (BAs). This study systematically evaluated the performance of ten global climate models (GCMs) in simulating global and regional BA during a historical period (1997–2014) using the Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1s (GFED4s) satellite fire product. Then, six of the best models were combined using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to predict future BA under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The results show that the NorESM2-LM model excelled in simulating both global annual and monthly BA among the GCMs. GFDL-ESM4 and UKESM1-0-LL of the GCMs had the highest Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), but they also exhibited the most significant overestimation of monthly BA variations. The BA fraction (BAF) for GCMs was over 90% for small fires (<1%). For small fires (2~10%), GFDL-ESM4(j) and UKESM1-0-LL(k) outperformed the other models. For medium fires (10–50%), CESM2-WACCM-FV2(e) was closest to GFED4s. There were large biases for all models for large fires (>50%). After evaluation and screening, six models (CESM2-WACCM-FV2, NorESM2-LM, CMCC-ESM2, CMCC-CM2-SR5, GFDL-ESM4, and UKESM1-0-LL) were selected for weighting in an optimal ensemble simulation using BMA. Based on the optimal ensemble, future projections indicated a continuous upward trend across all three SSPs from 2015 to 2100, except for a slight decrease in SSP126 between 2071 and 2100. It was found that as the emission scenarios intensify, the area experiencing a significant increase in BA will expand considerably in the future, with a generally high level of reliability in these projections across most regions. This study is crucial for understanding the impact of climate change on wildfires and for informing fire management policies in fire-prone areas in the future.
A Snow Depth Downscaling Algorithm Based on Deep Learning Fusion of Enhanced Passive Microwave and Cloud-Free Optical Remote Sensing Data in China
Authors: Zhao Zisheng , Hao Xiaohua , Shao Donghang , Ji Wenzheng , Feng Tianwen , Zhao Qin , He Wenxin , Dai Liyun , Zheng Zhaojun , Liu Yan
Published: December 2024

High spatial resolution snow depth (SD) is crucial for hydrological, ecological, and disaster research. However, passive microwave SD product (10/25 km) is increasingly insufficient to meet contemporary requirements due to its coarse spatial resolution, particularly in heterogeneous alpine areas. In this study, we develop a superior SD downscaling algorithm based on the FT-Transformer (Feature Tokenizer + Transformer) model, termed FTSD. This algorithm fuses the latest calibrated enhanced resolution brightness temperature (CETB) (3.125/6.25 km) with daily cloud-free optical snow data (500 m), including snow cover fraction (SCF) and snow cover days (SCD). Developed and evaluated using 42,692 ground measurements across China from 2000 to 2020, FTSD demonstrated notable improvements in accuracy and spatial resolution of SD retrieval. Specifically, the RMSE of temporal and spatiotemporal independent validation for FTSD is 7.64 cm and 9.74 cm, respectively, indicating reliable generalizability and stability. Compared with the long-term series of SD in China (25 km, RMSE = 10.77 cm), FTSD (500 m, RMSE = 7.67 cm) provides superior accuracy, especially improved by 48% for deep snow (> 40 cm). Moreover, with the higher spatial resolution, FTSD effectively captures the SD’s spatial heterogeneity in the mountainous regions of China. When compared with downscaling algorithms utilizing the raw TB data and the traditional random forest model, the CETB data and FT-Transformer model optimize the RMSE by 10.08% and 4.84%, respectively, which demonstrates the superiority of FTSD regarding data sources and regression methods. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the innovative FTSD algorithm exhibits reliable performance for SD downscaling and has the potential to provide a robust data foundation for meteorological and environmental research.
Empowering Privacy Through Peer-Supervised Self-Sovereign Identity: Integrating Zero-Knowledge Proofs, Blockchain Oversight, and Peer Review Mechanism
Authors: Liu Junliang , Liang Zhiyao , Lyu Qiuyun
Published: December 2024

Frequent user data breaches and misuse incidents highlight the flaws in current identity management systems. This study proposes a blockchain-based, peer-supervised self-sovereign identity (SSI) generation and privacy protection technology. Our approach creates unique digital identities on the blockchain, enabling secure cross-domain recognition and data sharing and satisfying the essential users’ requirements for SSI. Compared to existing SSI solutions, our approach has the practical advantages of less implementation cost, ease of users’ understanding and agreement, and better possibility of being soon adopted by current society and legal systems. The key innovative technical features include (1) using a zero-knowledge proof technology to ensure data remain “usable but invisible”, mitigating data breach risks; (2) introducing a peer review mechanism among service providers to prevent excessive data requests and misuse; and (3) implementing a comprehensive multi-party supervision system to audit all involved parties and prevent misconduct.
Point Cloud Wall Projection for Realistic Road Data Augmentation
Authors: Kim Kana , Lee Sangjun , Kakani Vijay , Li Xingyou , Kim Hakil
Published: December 2024

Several approaches have been developed to generate synthetic object points using real LiDAR point cloud data for advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) applications. The synthetic object points generated from a scene (both the near and distant objects) are essential for several ADAS tasks. However, generating points from distant objects using sparse LiDAR data with precision is still a challenging task. Although there are a few state-of-the-art techniques to generate points from synthetic objects using LiDAR point clouds, limitations such as the need for intense compute power still persist in most cases. This paper suggests a new framework to address these limitations in the existing literature. The proposed framework contains three major modules, namely position determination, object generation, and synthetic annotation. The proposed framework uses a spherical point-tracing method that augments 3D LiDAR distant objects using point cloud object projection with point-wall generation. Also, the pose determination module facilitates scenarios such as platooning carried out by the synthetic object points. Furthermore, the proposed framework improves the ability to describe distant points from synthetic object points using multiple LiDAR systems. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated on various 3D detection models such as PointPillars, PV-RCNN, and Voxel R-CNN for the KITTI dataset. The results indicate an increase in mAP (mean average precision) by 1.97%, 1.3%, and 0.46% from the original dataset values of 82.23%, 86.72%, and 87.05%, respectively.
Supervisor Support and Work-Family Practices: A Systematic Review
Authors: Geraldes Daniela , Chambel Maria José , Carvalho Vânia Sofia
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, in response to changes in work dynamics, demographics, and technological advancements, organizations have sought to implement practices that facilitate transitions between work and family—so-called work-family practices. Previous research has focused on identifying antecedents for a more positive work-family relationship, employees’ well-being, and positive organizational outcomes. Nevertheless, the development of this research framework over the decades has brought a main conclusion and concern: the availability of these practices is not a measure of organizational success and, to some extent, is dependent on the supportive behaviors of supervisors. To address the growing interest in this topic, a systematic review was conducted to qualitatively analyze the relationship between work-family practices and supervisor support, as well as their subsequent impact on employees and organizations. Following a PRISMA methodology, this review examined 39 articles (40 studies) and corroborated the positive and essential role of supervisor support in enhancing the effectiveness of work-family practices. The findings further clarified its influence on employee well-being and health, workplace attitudes (e.g., commitment, job satisfaction, turnover intention), and the work-family relationship (e.g., conflict and enrichment). Consequently, supervisor support proved imperative for employees and organizational contexts to benefit from work–family practices, going beyond their provision by organizations. Therefore, this research is the first systematic review focusing on recognizing and confirming the importance of work-family practices and supervisor support as foundational components of a family-supportive work environment. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research paths, will be discussed.
Effects of Solid Dairy Manure Application on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Corn Yield in the Upper Midwest, USA
Authors: Young Eric , Sherman Jessica
Published: December 2024

Dairy manure is an important nitrogen (N) source for crops, but its role in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and farm sustainability is not fully understood. We evaluated the effects of application of two dairy manure sources (bedded pack heifer, BP, and separated dairy solids, SDS) on corn silage yield and GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, CO2; methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O) compared to a urea-fertilizer-only control (80 kg N ha−1 yr−1). The BP and SDS were applied at 18.4 and 19.4 Mg dry matter ha−1 in fall 2020 in the final year of ryegrass production. No-till corn was planted from 2021 to 2023, and GHG emissions were measured each season (from May to November). The results showed significantly greater CO2-C emissions for BP in 2021 and no differences in 2022 or 2023. A small N2O-N emission increase for BP occurred in the spring after application; however, seasonal fluxes were low or negative. Mean CH4-C emissions ranged from 2 to 7 kg ha−1 yr−1 with no treatment differences. Lack of soil aeration appeared to be an important factor affecting seasonal N2O-N and CH4-C emissions. The results suggest that GHG models should account for field-level nutrient management factors in addition to soil aeration status.
Achieving World Class Manufacturing Excellence: Integrating Human Factors and Technological Innovation
Authors: Mehta Ahmed Muneeb , Rauf Abdul , Senathirajah Abdul Rahman bin S.
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the impact of integrating human factors—such as ergonomics and employee involvement—with technological innovations on manufacturing performance, sustainability, and productivity. It develops a holistic framework that organizations can adopt to achieve world-class manufacturing excellence, emphasizing the synergistic relationship between human factors and technological advancements, and highlighting their combined effect on fostering operational improvements and sustainability. The research adopts a robust quantitative approach, utilizing comprehensive surveys to analyze the individual and combined effects of human factors and technological innovation on manufacturing outcomes. The methodology involves data-driven analysis supported by statistical models, ensuring a rigorous examination of the relationships between variables. The findings show that integrating human factors with technological innovations significantly enhances both industrial production levels and operational efficiency, underscoring the importance of this integration for promoting sustainable manufacturing processes and maintaining competitiveness in the face of rapid technological changes. One key limitation of this research is the generalizability of findings across diverse industry contexts, as the pace of technological evolution and the emergence of new technologies may affect the applicability of the proposed framework. Future studies should investigate the evolving nature of human–technology integration in various sectors. The paper provides practical strategies for manufacturing managers and policymakers to employ when integrating human factors with technological innovations, outlining a strategic implementation framework aimed at improving manufacturing performance, fostering innovation, and ensuring a competitive edge within the dynamic context of Industry 4.0. This research contributes to the existing literature by offering a comprehensive, synergistic approach to the integration of human factors and technological innovation, providing valuable insights for industry practitioners seeking to implement sustainable manufacturing practices and achieve operational excellence.