bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tip Vortex Cavitation and Induced Noise Characteristics of Hydrofoils
Authors: Shin Suyong , Hong Ji-Woo , Nagarathinam David , Ahn Byoung-Kwon , Park Sung-Gun
Published: June 2021

Tip vortex cavitation is one of the most classical themes in fluid mechanics. Although many experimental and theoretical studies have been performed, unsolved problems still remain. In particular, the trailing vortices at the tip of the hydrofoil directly affects the hydrodynamic and acoustic performance of submerged objects such as the marine propeller, rudder and various foil-shaped appendages of the ship. In this study, the experimental results from the measurements of the vortex cavitation from the tip of two different three-dimensional hydrofoils are presented. Experiments have been carried out in Chungnam National University-Cavitation Tunnel (CNU-CT). By high speed imaging technique, the development process of vortex cavitation is observed in detail. Based on the high-speed images, physical features of the cavity inception and the swirling motion of the tip vortex cavity flow are examined. In addition, the induced noise characteristics in the vortex development process are examined by unsteady pressure measurements. The forces exerted on the hydrofoil were also measured using a dynamometer with a view to verify the scaling relation between the inception cavitation number and the non-dimensional parameters namely, the coefficient of lift, CL and the Reynolds number, Re. The results further shed light on the cause of the intense noise induced by tip vortex cavitation.
On the Use of Infrared Thermography for the Estimation of Melting Enthalpy
Authors: Mailhé Clément , Duquesne Marie , Palomo del Barrio Elena , Godin Alexandre
Published: June 2021

A calorimetry method based on infrared thermography is showing promise for material screening, allowing the simultaneous detection of phase transitions of multiple samples at a time, hence enabling the establishment of phase diagrams in a record time. The working principle of this method is similar to the one of Differential Thermal Analysis. Therefore, this work aims at identifying if the melting enthalpy of materials could be estimated on the same basis using infrared thermography. In this work, the melting of six eutectic mixtures of fatty acids is estimated under three considerations. The results are compared to Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements and literature data. The accuracy of the method is discussed and improvements are proposed.
Impact of Extraction Process in Non-Compliant ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’ Apples towards the Development of Natural Antioxidant Extracts
Authors: Vilas-Boas Ana A. , Oliveira Ana , Ribeiro Tânia B. , Ribeiro Sónia , Nunes Catarina , Gómez-García Ricardo , Nunes João , Pintado Manuela
Published: June 2021

The ‘Bravo de Esmolfe’ apple (BE) is rich in antioxidants and represents one of the most important traditional cultivars in Portugal. A large amount of non-compliant BE, with no market value, it is generated every year. Thus, an effort to find value-added solutions is of utmost importance. For the first time, green extraction (microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted-extraction (UAE)) were compared against conventional extraction (with (CET) and without temperature (CE)) to select the most efficient process to produce a natural antioxidant extract from non-compliant BE. The results showed that MAE and CET are good methodologies for developing a BE antioxidant extract. However, MAE is more sustainable than CET, requiring less time to reach high temperatures. The MAE-extract showed great antioxidant activity (14.80 ± 0.70 mg TE/g DE by ORAC, 3.92 ± 0.25 mg AAE/g DE by ABTS, and 5.11 ± 0.13 mg TE/g DE by DPPH). This extract revealed high amount of chlorogenic acid (0.48 ± 0.07 mg/g DE), (−)-epicatechin (0.30 ± 0.02 mg/g DE) and phloridzin (0.13 ± 0.01 mg/g DE). This study shows that non-compliant BE is a useful source of antioxidants, being a sustainable way for the recovery of value-added compounds from the rejected fruit in line with sustainable and circular bioeconomy principles.
Fuzzy Logic Approach for Maximum Power Point Tracking Implemented in a Real Time Photovoltaic System
Authors: Napole Cristian , Derbeli Mohamed , Barambones Oscar
Published: June 2021

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are devices capable of converting solar energy to electrical without emissions generation, and can last for several years as there are no moving parts involved. The best performance can be achieved through maximum power point tracking (MPPT), which is challenging because it requires a sophisticated design, since the solar energy fluctuates throughout the day. The PV used in this research provided a low output voltage and, therefore, a boost-converter with a non-linear control law was implemented to reach a suitable end-used voltage. The main contribution of this research is a novel MPPT method based on a voltage reference estimator (VRE) combined with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in order to obtain the maximum power from the PV panel. This structure was implemented in a dSpace 1104 board for a commercial PV panel, PEIMAR SG340P. The scheme was compared with a conventional perturbation and observation (P&O) and with a sliding mode controller (SMC), where the outcomes demonstrated the superiority of the proposed advanced method.
Generation and Annotation of Simulation-Real Ship Images for Convolutional Neural Networks Training and Testing
Authors: You Ji’an , Hu Zhaozheng , Peng Chao , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: June 2021

Large amounts of high-quality image data are the basis and premise of the high accuracy detection of objects in the field of convolutional neural networks (CNN). It is challenging to collect various high-quality ship image data based on the marine environment. A novel method based on CNN is proposed to generate a large number of high-quality ship images to address this. We obtained ship images with different perspectives and different sizes by adjusting the ships’ postures and sizes in three-dimensional (3D) simulation software, then 3D ship data were transformed into 2D ship image according to the principle of pinhole imaging. We selected specific experimental scenes as background images, and the target ships of the 2D ship images were superimposed onto the background images to generate “Simulation–Real” ship images (named SRS images hereafter). Additionally, an image annotation method based on SRS images was designed. Finally, the target detection algorithm based on CNN was used to train and test the generated SRS images. The proposed method is suitable for generating a large number of high-quality ship image samples and annotation data of corresponding ship images quickly to significantly improve the accuracy of ship detection. The annotation method proposed is superior to the annotation methods that label images with the image annotation software of Label-me and Label-img in terms of labeling the SRS images.
A Thermal Transport Study of Branched Carbon Nanotubes with Cross and T-Junctions
Authors: Chen Wei-Jen , Chang I-Ling
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the thermal transport behaviors of branched carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with cross and T-junctions through non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. A hot region was created at the end of one branch, whereas cold regions were created at the ends of all other branches. The effects on thermal flow due to branch length, topological defects at junctions, and temperature were studied. The NEMD simulations at room temperature indicated that heat transfer tended to move sideways rather than straight in branched CNTs with cross-junctions, despite all branches being identical in chirality and length. However, straight heat transfer was preferred in branched CNTs with T-junctions, irrespective of the atomic configuration of the junction. As branches became longer, the heat current inside approached the values obtained through conventional prediction based on diffusive thermal transport. Moreover, directional thermal transport behaviors became prominent at a low temperature (50 K), which implied that ballistic phonon transport contributed greatly to directional thermal transport. Finally, the collective atomic velocity cross-correlation spectra between branches were used to analyze phonon transport mechanisms for different junctions. Our findings deeply elucidate the thermal transport mechanisms of branched CNTs, which aid in thermal management applications.
Concentration and Physical Characteristics of Black Carbon in Winter Snow of Beijing in 2015
Authors: Zhao Delong , Sheng Jiujiang , Du Yuanmou , Zhou Wei , Wang Fei , Xiao Wei , Ding Deping
Published: June 2021

In Beijing, the probability of snowfall is decreasing as a result of global warming. At the same time, Beijing has suffered severe air pollution. In this paper, the concentration and particle size characteristics of BC (Black Carbon) in snow during the winter of 2015 in Beijing were analyzed by the SP2 method. The average concentration of BC in snow meltwater in Beijing is 82 ng/mL, with a minimum value of 62.9 ng/mL and a maximum of 210.6 ng/mL. The BC particle size in snow and ice in the Beijing area is mostly concentrated in the range of 70–400 nm. After log-normal, the BC particle size above 600 nm is still small, which should be closely related to the nature of the local BC emission source. The concentration of BC in snow is highly susceptible to meteorological conditions and local pollution levels. When Beijing is under the control of the east wind or the southeast wind, aerosols in the urban areas can easily accumulate in the northwestern mountains and then settle or participate in the snowfall process, resulting in an increase in BC aerosol accumulation in the snow, thus further changing the optical properties of snow in the Beijing area.
Frequency and Determinants of Olfactory Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Solla Paolo , Masala Carla , Pinna Ilenia , Ercoli Tommaso , Loy Francesco , Orofino Gianni , Fadda Laura , Defazio Giovanni
Published: June 2021

Background: Olfactory dysfunctions and hallucinations are considered common nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Visual and auditory hallucinations are well-known; however, olfactory hallucinations (OHs) are not fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate OHs in PD patients, and their correlation to motor impairment, cognitive abilities, visual and auditory hallucinations, and olfactory and gustatory function. Methods: A sample of 273 patients was enrolled: 141 PD patients (mean age ± SD: 70.1 ± 9.5 years) and 132 healthy controls (mean age ± SD: 69.4 ± 9.6 years). In all patients, the following parameters were evaluated: motor symptoms (UPDRS-III), olfactory function, cognitive abilities, and occurrence of OH, gustatory hallucinations (GHs), and visual/auditory hallucinations. Results: OHs were found only in PD patients with a percentage of 11.3%. Among PD patients with OHs, 2.8% also presented GHs. High significant frequencies of females, the presence of visual/auditory hallucinations, and a high mean UPDRS-III score were found in patients with OHs related to patients without them. Binary logistic regression evidenced the presence of visual/auditory hallucinations and sex as main variables predicting the presence of OHs. Conclusions: Our data indicated that OHs occur frequently in PD patients, especially in women, and often concomitant with visual and auditory hallucinations, without any association with olfactory impairment.
Predictive Value of Cough Frequency in Addition to Aspiration Risk for Increased Risk of Pneumonia in Dysphagic Stroke Survivors: A Clinical Pilot Study
Authors: Pekacka-Egli Anna Maria , Kazmierski Radoslaw , Lutz Dietmar , Kulnik Stefan Tino , Pekacka-Falkowska Katarzyna , Maszczyk Adam , Windisch Wolfram , Boeselt Tobias , Spielmanns Marc
Published: June 2021

Background: Post-stroke dysphagia leads to increased risk of aspiration and subsequent higher risk of pneumonia. It is important to not only diagnose post-stroke dysphagia early but also to evaluate the protective mechanism that counteracts aspiration, i.e., primarily cough. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of cough frequency in addition to aspiration risk for pneumonia outcome. Methods: This was a single-center prospective observational study. Patients with first-ever strokes underwent clinical swallowing evaluation, fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), and overnight cough recording using LEOSound® (Löwenstein Medical GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Ems, Germany ). Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS) ratings and cough frequency measurements were correlated with incidence of pneumonia at discharge. Results: 11 women (37%) and 19 men (63%), mean age 70.3 years (SD ± 10.6), with ischemic stroke and dysphagia were enrolled. Correlation analysis showed statistically significant relationships between pneumonia and PAS (r = 0.521; p < 0.05), hourly cough frequency (r = 0,441; p < 0.05), and categories of cough severity (r = 0.428 p < 0.05), respectively. Logistic regression showed significant predictive effects of PAS (b = 0.687; p = 0.014) and cough frequency (b = 0.239; p = 0.041) for pneumonia outcome. Conclusion: Cough frequency in addition to aspiration risk was an independent predictor of pneumonia in dysphagic stroke survivors.
An Interoperable BIM-Based Toolkit for Efficient Renovation in Buildings
Authors: Daniotti Bruno , Bolognesi Cecilia Maria , Lupica Spagnolo Sonia , Pavan Alberto , Signorini Martina , Ciuffreda Simone , Mirarchi Claudio , Lucky Meherun Nesa , Andersson Birgitta , Andersson Per , Valra Alessandro , Madeddu Davide , Chiappetti Jacopo , Farina Diego , O’Regan Brian , O’Leidhin Eoin , Tahir Farah , Mould Karen , O’Donovan Stephen , O’Sullivan Sinead , Hryshchenko Andriy , O’Sullivan Dominic
Published: June 2021

Since the buildings and construction sector is one of the main areas responsible for energy consumption and emissions, focusing on their refurbishment and promoting actions in this direction will be helpful to achieve an EU Agenda objective of making Europe climate-neutral by 2050. One step towards the renovation action is the exploitation of digital tools into a BIM framework. The scope of the research contained in this paper is to improve the management of information throughout the different stages of the renovation process, allowing an interoperable exchange of data among the involved stakeholders; the development of an innovative BIM-based toolkit is the answer to the research question. The research and results obtained related with the development of an interoperable BIM-based toolkit for efficient renovation in buildings in the framework of the European research project BIM4EEB. Specifically, the developed BIM management system allows the exchange of the data among the different tools, using open interoperable formats (as IFC) and linked data, in a Common Data Environment, to be used by the different stakeholders. Additionally, the developed tools allow the stakeholders to manage different stages of the renovation process, facilitating efficiencies in terms of time reduction and improving the resulting quality. The validity of each tool with respect to existing practices is demonstrated here, and the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed tools are described in the workflow detailing issues such as interoperability, collaboration, integration of different solutions, and time consuming existing survey processes.
Extracellular Vesicles in Organ Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Therapies, and Diagnostics
Authors: Brigstock David R.
Published: June 2021

Fibrosis is the unrelenting deposition of excessively large amounts of insoluble interstitial collagen due to profound matrigenic activities of wound-associated myofibroblasts during chronic injury in diverse tissues and organs. It is a highly debilitating pathology that affects millions of people globally and leads to decreased function of vital organs and increased risk of cancer and end-stage organ disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced within the chronic wound environment have emerged as important vehicles for conveying pro-fibrotic signals between many of the cell types involved in driving the fibrotic response. On the other hand, EVs from sources such as stem cells, uninjured parenchymal cells, and circulation have in vitro and in vivo anti-fibrotic activities that have provided novel and much-needed therapeutic options. Finally, EVs in body fluids of fibrotic individuals contain cargo components that may have utility as fibrosis biomarkers, which could circumvent current obstacles to fibrosis measurement in the clinic, allowing fibrosis stage, progression, or regression to be determined in a manner that is accurate, safe, minimally-invasive, and conducive to repetitive testing. This review highlights the rapid and recent progress in our understanding of EV-mediated fibrotic pathogenesis, anti-fibrotic therapy, and fibrosis staging in the lung, kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, and skin.
Genetic Constructs for the Control of Astrocytes’ Activity
Authors: Borodinova Anastasia A. , Balaban Pavel M. , Bezprozvanny Ilya B. , Salmina Alla B. , Vlasova Olga L.
Published: June 2021

In the current review, we aim to discuss the principles and the perspectives of using the genetic constructs based on AAV vectors to regulate astrocytes’ activity. Practical applications of optogenetic approaches utilizing different genetically encoded opsins to control astroglia activity were evaluated. The diversity of astrocytic cell-types complicates the rational design of an ideal viral vector for particular experimental goals. Therefore, efficient and sufficient targeting of astrocytes is a multiparametric process that requires a combination of specific AAV serotypes naturally predisposed to transduce astroglia with astrocyte-specific promoters in the AAV cassette. Inadequate combinations may result in off-target neuronal transduction to different degrees. Potentially, these constraints may be bypassed with the latest strategies of generating novel synthetic AAV serotypes with specified properties by rational engineering of AAV capsids or using directed evolution approach by searching within a more specific promoter or its replacement with the unique enhancer sequences characterized using modern molecular techniques (ChIP-seq, scATAC-seq, snATAC-seq) to drive the selective transgene expression in the target population of cells or desired brain regions. Realizing these strategies to restrict expression and to efficiently target astrocytic populations in specific brain regions or across the brain has great potential to enable future studies.
Langmuir Probe Technique for Plasma Characterization during Pulsed Laser Deposition Process
Authors: Irimiciuc Stefan Andrei , Chertopalov Sergii , Lancok Jan , Craciun Valentin
Published: June 2021

The history of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and transient plasmas generated by laser ablation is intertwined with the development of various techniques for its fundamental understanding. Some diagnostic tools have been developed to better suit the rapid transient nature of the plasma (space and time dependence of all parameters, fast decay and complex chemistry inside the plasma), whereas others have been adapted from basic plasma physics studies. Langmuir probe method has been used as a real-time in situ diagnostic tool for laser ablation and later for PLD. It remains a useful tool for the PLD community arsenal, which can easily be adapted to the development of new lasers and ablation regimes and new deposition configuration, being one of the most versatile techniques for plasma diagnostics. It is the cornerstone on which charge particles are analyzed and has led to several important discoveries, such as multiple peak distribution, selective acceleration during expansion, plume splitting, plasma turbulences and fluctuations. However, because the Langmuir probe theory adaptation from classical plasma physics is not straightforward, it might lead to misinterpretation and often incorrect analysis of data. This review analyzes the limits and understanding of the technique as a foundation for attaining its full potential, which can impact the way PLD is used. This is especially useful for the pressing need of real-time, in-situ diagnostics and feedback loops for systematic semi-industrial implementation of the PLD technique.
Effect of Chitosan–Pullulan Composite Edible Coating Functionalized with Pomegranate Peel Extract on the Shelf Life of Mango (Mangifera indica)
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Pratibha  , Neeraj  , Petkoska Anka Trajkovska , AL-Hilifi Sawsan Ali , Fawole Olaniyi Amos
Published: June 2021

The polysaccharide based composite biomaterial (coating) used in preserving fruits and vegetables during storage is attracting increased attention as it is biodegradable material that prolongs shelf life. In the present investigation, chitosan–pullulan (50:50) composite edible coating was prepared with pomegranate peel extract (0.02 g/mL) as an active antioxidant agent. The effect of treatment with pomegranate peel extract enriched chitosan–pullulan composite edible coating on the shelf life of mango fruits during 18 days of storage period at room (23 °C) and cold (4 °C) temperature was evaluated. Results of the present study demonstrated that the application of chitosan–pullulan composite edible coating significantly (p ≤  0.05) influences the storage life of mango fruits at both storage temperatures. The chitosan–pullulan composite edible coating reduced the physiological loss in weight (PLW), and maintained total soluble solids (TSS), acidity and pH of coated mango fruits as compared to the control. In addition, fruit sensory quality such as freshness, color, taste and texture were also retained by the treatment. Furthermore, sustained firmness, phenolic content and antioxidant activity confirmed the effectiveness of the pomegranate peel extract enriched chitosan–pullulan composite edible coating on mango fruits. The phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of coated fruits were retained by pomegranate peel rich edible coating. Therefore, the chitosan–pullulan (50:50) combination with pomegranate peel extract can be used as an alternative preservation method to prolong the shelf life of mango fruits at room and cold storage conditions. However, more in-depth studies are required at farm and transit level without affecting the postharvest quality of mango fruits, providing more revenue for farmers and minimizing postharvest losses.
Numerical and Experimental Research on Thermal Insulation Performance of Marine Diesel Engine Piston Based on YSZ Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Fei Chun-Guang , Qian Zuo-Qin , Ren Jie , Zhou Xiang-Jun , Zhu Si-Wei
Published: June 2021

Although YSZ ceramic coating has been used in the field of aeroengines for a long time to protect blades from high temperature erosion, its application on marine engines is still very rare. In this study, YSZ powder was sprayed onto the upper surface of the Al-Si alloy piston by atmospheric plasma spraying. The piston with or without ceramic coatings was applied to the diesel engine bench, and the ship propulsion characteristics test was carried out to study the effect of the coating on the performance of the diesel engine when the ship was sailing. The temperature field results show that under 25% load, the temperature of the top surface of the coated piston is about 30.91 °C higher than that of the conventional piston. The increase in the temperature of the combustion chamber is conducive to better combustion of the fuel in the cylinder of the diesel engine. Therefore, when the marine diesel engine is tested for propulsion characteristics, the thermal efficiency is increased by 5% under the condition of 25% load.
Transitioning to Society 5.0 in Africa: Tools to Support ICT Infrastructure Sharing
Authors: Amadasun Kennedy Nomamidobo , Short Michael , Shankar-Priya Rajesh , Crosbie Tracey
Published: June 2021

Society 5.0 represents an opportunity to transform the economy and create a digital society with the goal of long-term sustainable development and economic growth. There is a growing importance of boosting ICT as an effective and efficient means of achieving this transformation, and Target 9c of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is to ‘Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries’. Mobile telecommunication systems have become the most effective and convenient means of communicating in the world, and as such, they are revolutionizing business operations. Nigeria is the fastest growing telecommunication market in Africa, with approximately 298 million subscribers accommodated by over 53,000 base transceiver stations (BTSs) which are largely concentrated in urban areas. As a result of increasing subscribers, all mobile network service providers in Nigeria are building new BTSs, often without considering existing infrastructure. This has led to a proliferation of masts, defacing the environment and causing unnecessary environmental pollution as BTSs are largely powered by diesel generators. It is therefore becoming paramount for the telecommunication regulatory body in Nigeria to enforce principles of infrastructure sharing and the colocation of sites for all mobile network service provider BTSs to improve network availability, reliability, scalability, customer satisfaction and sustainability. This paper argues, through the development of ICT tools and their application to a case study, that infrastructure sharing and colocation of sites is not only feasible if supported correctly but also offers the potential to reduce operational and capital expenditure, reduce the number of BTSs required for the rapidly growing mobile telecoms industry in Nigeria and in doing so reduce environmental pollution.
An AI-Enabled Approach in Analyzing Media Data: An Example from Data on COVID-19 News Coverage in Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , La Viet-Phuong , Nguyen Thanh-Huyen T. , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri , Ho Manh-Toan
Published: June 2021

This method article presents the nuts and bolts of an AI-enabled approach to extracting and analyzing social media data. The method is based on our previous rapidly cited COVID-19 research publication, working on a dataset of more than 14,000 news articles from Vietnamese newspapers, to provide a comprehensive picture of how Vietnam has been responding to this unprecedented pandemic. This same method is behind our IUCN-supported research regarding the social aspects of environmental protection missions, now appearing in print in Wiley’s Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. Homemade AI-enabled software was the backbone of the study. The software has provided a fast and automatic approach in collecting and analyzing social data. Moreover, the tool also allows manually sorting the data, AI-generated word tokenizing in the Vietnamese language, and powerful visualization. The method hopes to provide an effective but low-cost method for social scientists to gather a massive amount of data and analyze them in a short amount of time.
Types of Void Space in the Bazhenov Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Postnikova Olga V. , Postnikov Alexander V. , Zueva Olga A. , Kozionov Artem E. , Milovanova Ekaterina V. , Savinova Lyubov A.
Published: June 2021

The deposits of the Bazhenov formation are a unique reservoir of unconventional oil reserves in Western Siberia. They contain both solid organic matter (kerogen) and liquid light oil. The successful development of these hydrocarbons is largely determined by the adequacy of the void space models. The aim of the study is to identify the types of void space in the sediments of the Bazhenov formation and to identify the distribution patterns across the section of the researched wells. The void space was studied by electron and optical microscopy, and the mineral composition of the rocks was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The deposits of the Bazhenov productive formation in the territory of Western Siberia are represented by a wide complex of lithotypes, including various kinds of silicites, carbonate, clay rocks, and mixtites. The reservoir space in the reservoir rocks of the Bazhenov formation is a complex and hierarchically subordinated system, which includes voids and fractures of various sizes, configurations, and genesis. The void space of the Bazhenov formation is characterized by a fairly high degree of spatial heterogeneity, which is controlled by lithological, facies, and tectonic factors, as well as the direction of catagenetic processes.
Rituximab as a Treatment Option after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Gressenberger Paul , Jud Philipp , Kovacs Gabor , Kreuzer Sonja , Brezinsek Hans-Peter , Guetl Katharina , Muster Viktoria , Kolesnik Ewald , Schmidt Albrecht , Odler Balazs , Adelsmayr Gabriel , Neumeister Peter , Brcic Luka , Zenz Sabine , Weber Kurt , Gary Thomas , Brodmann Marianne , Graninger Winfried B. , Moazedi-Fürst Florentine C.
Published: June 2021

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an intractable autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and organ fibrosis. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) should be considered for the treatment of selected patients with rapid progressive SSc at high risk of organ failure. It, however, remains elusive whether immunosuppressive therapies such as rituximab (RTX) are still necessary for such patients after AHSCT, especially in those with bad outcomes. In the present report, a 43-year-old man with diffuse cutaneous SSc received AHSCT. Despite AHSCT, SSc further progressed with progressive symptomatic heart failure with newly developed concomitant mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency, thus the patient started on RTX 8 months after AHSCT. Shortly after initiation of RTX, clinical symptoms and organ functions ameliorated subsequently. Heart valve regurgitations were reversible after initiation of RTX treatment. Currently, the patient remains in a stable condition with significant improvement of clinical symptoms and organ functions. Reporting about therapies after AHSCT in SSc is a very important issue, as randomized controlled trials are lacking, and therefore this report adds to evidence that RTX can be considered as a treatment option in patients with SSc that do not respond to AHSCT.
Radiation Biomarkers: Silver Bullet, or Wild Goose Chase?
Authors: Rutten Eric Andreas , Badie Christophe
Published: June 2021

Humans have learned to harness the power of radiation for therapeutic ends, with 50% of all patients diagnosed with cancer undergoing radiotherapy as part of their treatment [...]
Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in Obesity
Authors: Para Ioana , Albu Adriana , Porojan Mihai D.
Published: June 2021

Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
Systematic Characterization of Degraded Anion Exchange Membranes Retrieved from Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Field Tests
Authors: Herrmann Elke , Dingenouts Nico , Roth Christina , Scheiba Frieder , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: June 2021

Commercially available anion exchange membranes were retrieved from VRFB field tests and their degradation due to the various operation conditions is analyzed by in-situ and ex-situ measurements. Ion exchange capacity, permeability and swelling power are used as direct criteria for irreversible changes. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses are used as fingerprint methods and provide information about the morphology and change of the structural properties. A decrease in crystallinity can be detected due to membrane degradation, and, in addition, an indication of reduced polymer chain length is found. While the proton diffusion either increase or decline significantly, the ion exchange capacity and swelling power both are reduced. The observed extent of changes was in good agreement with in-situ measurements in a test cell, where the coulombic and voltage efficiencies are reduced compared to a pristine reference material due to the degradation process.
The Effect of Yttrium Addition on the Microstructure and Irradiation Hardening in V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy under Self-Ion Irradiation
Authors: Luo Hongtai , Luo Fengfeng , Chen Yiheng , Wang Jiawei , Liu Qiuxiang , Li Fang , Zhou Xiong , Guo Liping
Published: June 2021

Microstructure and irradiation hardening of V-4Cr-4Ti alloys with different yttrium (Y) contents were studied by self-ion irradiation at 550 °C via TEM and nano-indentation test technology. The peak damage of the V-4Cr-4Ti-xY alloy (x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1, wt.%) irradiated by 2.5 MeV self-ion (V2+) is 8 dpa. Dense dislocation loops were observed in all vanadium alloy samples after irradiation. With the increase of Y content, both average size and number density of dislocation loops using g = <110> near the pole [001] decreased, while the irradiation hardness increment first decreased and then increased. In order to better reduce the irradiation hardening, it is considered that the addition of 0.1 wt.% Y in V-4Cr-4Ti alloy is reasonable.
A Decision Support System for Changes in Operation Modes of the Copper Heap Leaching Process
Authors: Saldaña Manuel , Neira Purísima , Flores Víctor , Robles Pedro , Moraga Carlos
Published: June 2021

Chilean mining is one of the main productive industries in the country. It plays a critical role in the development of Chile, so process planning is an essential task in achieving high performance. This task involves considering mineral resources and operating conditions to provide an optimal and realistic copper extraction and processing strategy. Performing planning modes of operation requires a significant effort in information generation, analysis, and design. Once the operating mode plans have been made, it is essential to select the most appropriate one. In this context, an intelligent system that supports the planning and decision-making of the operating mode has the potential to improve the copper industry’s performance. In this work, a knowledge-based decision support system for managing the operating mode of the copper heap leaching process is presented. The domain was modeled using an ontology. The interdependence between the variables was encapsulated using a set of operation rules defined by experts in the domain and the process dynamics was modeled utilizing an inference engine (adjusted with data of the mineral feeding and operation rules coded) used to predict (through phenomenological models) the possible consequences of variations in mineral feeding. The work shows an intelligent approach to integrate and process operational data in mining sites, being a novel way to contribute to the decision-making process in complex environments.
Evolution of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ti35Nb2Sn Alloy Post-Processed by Hot Isostatic Pressing for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lario Joan , Vicente Ángel , Amigó Vicente
Published: June 2021

The HIP post-processing step is required for developing next generation of advanced powder metallurgy titanium alloys for orthopedic and dental applications. The influence of the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-processing step on structural and phase changes, porosity healing, and mechanical strength in a powder metallurgy Ti35Nb2Sn alloy was studied. Powders were pressed at room temperature at 750 MPa, and then sintered at 1350 °C in a vacuum for 3 h. The standard HIP process at 1200 °C and 150 MPa for 3 h was performed to study its effect on a Ti35Nb2Sn powder metallurgy alloy. The influence of the HIP process and cold rate on the density, microstructure, quantity of interstitial elements, mechanical strength, and Young’s modulus was investigated. HIP post-processing for 2 h at 1200 °C and 150 MPa led to greater porosity reduction and a marked retention of the β phase at room temperature. The slow cooling rate during the HIP process affected phase stability, with a large amount of α”-phase precipitate, which decreased the titanium alloy’s yield strength.
Multiphysics Modeling Simulation and Optimization of Aerodynamic Drum Magnetic Separator
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Xue Zixing , Dong Zhenhai , Yang Xiaofeng , Fu Yafeng , Man Xiaofei , Lu Dongfang
Published: June 2021

Aerodynamic Drum Magnetic Separator (ADMS) uses an adjustable air flow to enhance the separation of magnetic particles from gangue. In order to explore the matching relationship between the magnetic field, the flow field, and the gravity field, as well as the capture and separation behavior of particles under the action of multi-physics, a related simulation model is established using the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics and the accuracy of the simulation results is verified by measurement, formula calculation, and magnetic separation experiment. The trajectories and capture probabilities of particles in different magnetic fields and flow fields are calculated, as well as the critical airflow velocity corresponding to a specific capture probability. In addition, the magnetic field characteristics and particle capture effect of N-S alternate arrangement and N-N homopolar arrangement are compared by optimizing the permutation of magnetic poles. This model may provide a reference for the accurate control of magnetic separation enhanced by a coupling force field.
Effect of Serum Albumin on Porphyrin-Quantum Dot Complex Formation, Characteristics and Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Pavanelli André L. S. , Máximo Leandro N. C. , da Silva Roberto S. , Borissevitch Iouri E.
Published: June 2021

The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon interaction between CdTe QD functionalized by 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid (CdTe-3-MPA QD) and two water soluble porphyrins: positively charged meso-tetra methyl pyridyl porphyrin (TMPyP) and negatively charged meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonato-phenyl) porphyrin (TPPS4), was studied in function of pH using the steady-state and time resolved optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. It was shown that, depending on the charge state of the components, interaction with albumin could either prevent the formation of the QD…PPh complex, form a mixed QD…PPh…BSA complex or not affect PPh complexation with QD at all. The obtained results may be of interest for application in photomedicine.
CO Oxidation at Near-Ambient Temperatures over TiO2-Supported Pd-Cu Catalysts: Promoting Effect of Pd-Cu Nanointerface and TiO2 Morphology
Authors: Zedan Abdallah F. , Gaber Safa , AlJaber Amina S. , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki
Published: June 2021

Significant improvement of the catalytic activity of palladium-based catalysts toward carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation reaction has been achieved through alloying and using different support materials. This work demonstrates the promoting effects of the nanointerface and the morphological features of the support on the CO oxidation reaction using a Pd-Cu/TiO2 catalyst. Pd-Cu catalysts supported on TiO2 were synthesized with wet chemical approaches and their catalytic activities for CO oxidation reaction were evaluated. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were studied using standard characterization tools including SEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, and Raman. The effects of the nanointerface between Pd and Cu and the morphology of the TiO2 support were investigated using three different-shaped TiO2 nanoparticles, namely spheres, nanotubes, and nanowires. The Pd catalysts that are modified through nanointerfacing with Cu and supported on TiO2 nanowires demonstrated the highest CO oxidation rates, reaching 100% CO conversion at temperature regime down to near-ambient temperatures of ~45 °C, compared to 70 °C and 150 °C in the case of pure Pd and pure Cu counterpart catalysts on the same support, respectively. The optimized Pd-Cu/TiO2 nanowires nanostructured system could serve as efficient and durable catalyst for CO oxidation at near-ambient temperature.
Circumcision as an Intervening Strategy against HIV Acquisition in the Male Genital Tract
Authors: Sharma Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar , Hokello Joseph , Tyagi Mudit
Published: June 2021

Unsafe sex with HIV-infected individuals remains a major route for HIV transmission, and protective strategies, such as the distribution of free condoms and pre-or post-prophylaxis medication, have failed to control the spread of HIV, particularly in resource-limited settings and high HIV prevalence areas. An additional key strategy for HIV prevention is voluntary male circumcision (MC). International health organizations (e.g., the World Health Organization, UNAIDS) have recommended this strategy on a larger scale, however, there is a general lack of public understanding about how MC effectively protects against HIV infection. This review aims to discuss the acquisition of HIV through the male genital tract and explain how and why circumcised men are more protected from HIV infection during sexual activity than uncircumcised men who are at higher risk of HIV acquisition.
Polyether Single and Double Crystalline Blends and the Effect of Lithium Salt on Their Crystallinity and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Olmedo-Martínez Jorge L. , Pastorio Michele , Gabirondo Elena , Lorenzetti Alessandra , Sardon Haritz , Mecerreyes David , Müller Alejandro J.
Published: June 2021

In this work, blends of Poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and poly(1,6-hexanediol), PHD, were prepared in a wide composition range. They were examined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLOM) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). Based on the results obtained, the blends were partially miscible in the melt and their crystallization was a function of miscibility and composition. Crystallization triggered phase separation. In blends with higher PEO contents both phases were able to crystallize due to the limited miscibility in this composition range. On the other hand, the blends with higher PHD contents display higher miscibility and therefore, only the PHD phase could crystallize in them. A nucleation effect of the PHD phase on the PEO phase was detected, probably caused by a transference of impurities mechanism. Since PEO is widely used as electrolyte in lithium batteries, the PEO/PHD blends were studied with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), and the effect of Li-salt concentration was studied. We found that the lithium salt preferentially dissolves in the PEO phase without significantly affecting the PHD component. While the Li-salt reduced the spherulite growth rate of the PEO phase within the blends, the overall crystallization rate was enhanced because of the strong nucleating effect of the PHD component. The ionic conductivity was also determined for the blends with Li-salt. At high temperatures (>70 °C), the conductivity is in the order of ~10−3 S cm−1, and as the temperature decreases, the crystallization of PHD was detected. This improved the self-standing character of the blend films at high temperatures as compared to the one of neat PEO.
A Review on Hydrogels with Photothermal Effect in Wound Healing and Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zhang Xu , Tan Bowen , Wu Yanting , Zhang Min , Liao Jinfeng
Published: June 2021

Photothermal treatment (PTT) is a promising strategy to deal with multidrug-resistant bacteria infection and promote tissue regeneration. Previous studies demonstrated that hyperthermia can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria, whereas mild heat can promote cell proliferation, further accelerating wound healing and bone regeneration. Especially, hydrogels with photothermal properties could achieve remotely controlled drug release. In this review, we introduce a photothermal agent hybrid in hydrogels for a photothermal effect. We also summarize the potential mechanisms of photothermal hydrogels regarding antibacterial action, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Furthermore, recent developments in photothermal hydrogels in wound healing and bone regeneration applications are introduced. Finally, future application of photothermal hydrogels is discussed. Hydrogels with photothermal effects provide a new direction for wound healing and bone regeneration, and this review will give a reference for the tissue engineering.
Feldsher in Russia: history of the issue and the present
Authors: Kaspruk Lyudmila Ilyinichna
Published: June 2021

Every year in Russia on February 21, one of the medical holidays is celebrated — the Feldsher Day. Primary pre-medical health care (PHC) to the population is provided by mid-level specialists, i.e. feldshers and obstetricians, at feldsher stations, feldsher-midwife stations, etc. [8]. The article reveals the historical and medical aspects of the formation and modern development of the activities of feldshers — exclusive in their kind «authorized representatives» of Russian health care, whose professional functioning is a fairly significant component in primary health care to the population, especially in rural areas. The article discusses the pressing topical issues of integrated vocational training and professional retraining of feldshers on the agenda, as well as aspects of increasing the prestige of the feldsher profession and improving the personnel situation in addition to the «Zemsky feldsher» program. On the basis of the conducted sociological research, the author revealed that in order to ensure the high qualifications of feldshers, the modernization of the advanced training system and the settlement of the current provisions of standardization in accordance with the modern needs of practical health care are becoming even more urgent.
Clinical and microbiological effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures using a low-intensity laser in the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist
Authors: Schetinin S.A.
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of the results of using a low-intensity laser in patients with chronic recurrent adenoiditis. Laser therapy was carried out using continuous exposure to red spectrum radiation (wavelength 632 nm, output power from 6 to 8 mW), exposure was performed endonasally for 60 s in each nostril, radiation dose 0.5 J / cm2, the course of treatment consisted of 10 s procedures. It was shown that in the group using laser therapy, the hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil decreased, the number of pathobionts on its surface decreased, and the cellular factors of local antimicrobial defense normalized.
The dynamics of occupational morbidity indicators in the Samara Region from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Babanov S. A. , Azovskova T. A. , Vakurova N. V. , Lavrentieva N. E. , Dudintseva N. V. , Dudintseva N. V. , Baykova A. G. , Kiryushina T. M. , Ostryakova N. A.
Published: June 2021

The results of the study of the main indicators of occupational morbidity in the Samara
Region for the period 2015-2019 are presented. The analysis of the structure of occupational morbidity taking into account nosological forms and professions is carried out.