bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Retinal Detachment Occurring After Prior Scleral Buckle or Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Modi Yasha S. , Townsend Justin , Epstein Aliza E. , Smiddy William E. , Flynn Harry W.
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report outcomes of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for retinal detachment (RD) occurring after prior scleral buckling surgery (SB) or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Single-center study evaluating all patients treated between January 2000 and March 2013.

RESULTS:

Ten eyes underwent PR after prior SB. Nine of these 10 eyes had persistent subretinal fluid posterior to the buckle in the setting of an open break on the scleral buckle. The mean time to PR in these cases was 8.5 days after SB. PR achieved anatomic reattachment in eight of 10 eyes, but two of 10 eyes required additional PPV to achieve retinal reattachment. Seven eyes underwent PR after prior PPV. The average time to RD after PPV was 67 days (range: 15–232 days). The location of the break was superior in four eyes, horizontal in two, and inferior in one. Anatomic reattachment with PR alone occurred in four of seven eyes (57%).

CONCLUSION:

In the setting of recurrent RD after initial SB, pneumatic retinopexy was usually successful in the early postoperative course. In the setting of a new-onset RD after PPV, pneumatic retinopexy was a useful option, but recurrent RD was more common.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:409–413.]
OCT Angiography: The Next Era of OCT Technology Emerges
Authors: Puliafito Carmen A.
Published: October 2014

This editorial outlines the development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology and discusses the emergence of OCT angiography as a true extension of capabilities from spectral-domain OCT.
Food manipulation and selection in the omnivorous grapsoid crab Neohelice granulata (Decapoda: Varunidae)
Authors: Lancia Juan Pablo , Bas Claudia , Spivak Eduardo
Published: October 2014

Neohelice granulata is an omnivorous, semi-terrestrial burrowing crab endemic to southwestern Atlantic saltmarshes that behaves as a herbivore when it inhabits vegetated saltmarsh areas or a deposit feeder on bare mudflats. In order to gain insights into how non-specialized crabs manage to rely on low quality diets, we studied in laboratory i) how they use feeding appendages to manipulate the food items commonly eaten (halophytic plant leaves and sediment), and ii) their ability to sort particles when they act as deposit feeders by analysing the food particle content of sediment and stomach. According to the source of food consumed, different behaviours and mouthparts involved in food processing were observed. Sex differences were found in handling halophytic plant leaves in the herbivore feeding mode. In deposit feeding, a concentration of potentially N-rich items of animal origin was detected in stomach contents. Indirect evidence of food item concentration from sediment was revealed by analysis of the C and N content of sediment and feces. N. granulata seems to be an effective deposit feeder even though it lacks the characteristic mouthparts commonly associated with this type of food source.
A Conceptual Framework for Enterprise Interoperability
Authors: Guédria Wided
Published: October 2014

The obligation to become more competitive and effective in providing better products and services requires enterprises to transform from traditional businesses into networked businesses. One of the challenges faced by a network of enterprises is the development of interoperability between its members. Transformations in this context are usually driven by Enterprise Interoperability (EI) problems that may be faced. In order to quickly overcome these problems, enterprises need characterizing and assessing interoperability to be prepared to establish means for collaboration and initiate corrective actions before potential interoperability problems occur and then be obliged to make unprepared transformations that may be costly and induce unmanageable issues. This has become a significant research challenge over the past few years and maturity models have been developed in response to this challenge. In this paper we propose to extend a maturity model based on an ontological formalization of the interoperability domain. This will allow diagnosing interoperability problems when assessing EI and having a conceptual framework as basis for an automatic assessment tool.
Learning About E-Planning
Authors: Cowley Jennifer S. Evans , Sanchez Thomas W. , Afzalan Nader , Lizcano Abel Silva , Kenitzer Zachary , Evans Thomas
Published: October 2014

TechniCity (Technology and Cities) offered in May, 2013 was the first city planning Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). More than 21,000 students registered for the course, which was composed of video lectures, projects, assignments, peer evaluation, and on-line discussion over a four week period. This MOOC experimented with using field based learning, combined with extensive student engagement. The objective was to extend the type of learning environment typically found in city planning classes and similar to what is being done in several other disciplines. This article describes the first stage of research, describing course structure and providing initial findings on both course and student outcomes. Compared to students enrolling in traditional, for-credit classes, students in this MOOC reported a range of backgrounds, motivations, and expectations. The data collected also provide insights on student course activity including completion. This information obtained from the class can be used to improve future course offerings. This article documents a pedagogical approach that is still very new and lacking a significant base of literature and comparative studies. The article conclude by suggesting a variety of topics for further research.
Two Novel Gain-of-Function Mutations of STAT1 Responsible for Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Disease: Impaired Production of IL-17A and IL-22, and the Presence of Anti–IL-17F Autoantibody
Authors: Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Yamada Masafumi , Kawai Toshinao , Morio Tomohiro , Onodera Masafumi , Ueki Masahiro , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Takada Hidetoshi , Takezaki Shunichiro , Chida Natsuko , Kobayashi Ichiro , Ariga Tadashi
Published: October 2014

Heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations of STAT1 are responsible for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease (CMCD), one of the primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by susceptibility to mucocutaneous Candida infection. To date, 30 aa changes have been reported: 21 in the coiled-coil domain and 9 in the DNA-binding domain. In this study, we report two novel STAT1 GOF mutations of p.K278E in coiled-coil domain and p.G384D in DNA-binding domain in Japanese CMCD patients. Ectopic expression of these STAT1 mutants in HeLa cells was associated with increased phosphorylation of the mutant and the endogenous wild-type STAT1 due to impaired dephosphorylation, indicating heterodimers of the wild-type and mutant STAT1 cause impaired dephosphorylation, as did homodimers of the mutants. Because IL-17A production was not significantly reduced at least in one of the patients following PMA plus ionomycin stimulation, we further studied Th17-associated cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in response to more physiologically relevant stimulations. IL-17A and IL-22 production from PBMCs and CD4+ cells was significantly reduced in four patients with STAT1 GOF mutations, including the previously reported R274Q in response to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Abs or Candida stimulations. In contrast, IL-17F production was comparable to healthy controls in response to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Abs stimulation. These results indicate impaired production of IL-17A and IL-22 rather than IL-17F was associated with the development of CMCD in these patients. Additionally, only the anti–IL-17F autoantibody was detected in sera from 11 of 17 patients with STAT1 GOF mutations, which may be useful as a marker for this disease.
Palliative care for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Douglas CA
Published: October 2014

Over the past three decades there has been a dramatic rise in the number of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. The fastest expanding group receiving dialysis has been the elderly. However, for those patients who are very elderly with co-morbidity, dialysis may not offer a survival advantage. Therefore, active conservative management is a growing service offered by many renal units in the UK and focuses on non-dialytic correction of fluid and electrolyes, management of renal anaemia, and assessment and management of symptoms.

The five-year survival of a patient over 75 years of age starting dialysis is 20% and if a patient is over 75 years, has co-morbidity, or a poor performance status, dialysis may not offer any survival advantage. Whether a patient is managed by dialysis or by conservative management the symptom burden suffered is high. These symptoms are under-recognised and often managed poorly because of increased drug toxicity in renal failure. This complex group of patients require close working between renal, palliative care, medicine for the elderly, and community teams, to allow best quality of life and end of life care. This review describes some of the challenges in providing Advanced Care Planning for dialysis and conservatively managed patients, highlights the symptom burden of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, and offers guidance in how to manage the symptoms effectively.
Nineteenth century exercise clinics for the treatment of scoliosis
Authors: Elsaesser S , Butler AR
Published: October 2014

Scoliosis is the abnormal lateral curvature and rotation of the spine. In the past this deformity has been linked with moral depravity, as in the case of Richard III. Treatment for scoliosis began with Hippocrates’s use of boards and axial distortion. Today, bracing and surgery are used either to correct the deformity or to prevent further progression. In the past, however, exercise regimens have been used in the belief that strengthening back muscles would reduce curvature progression. This approach was pioneered by Per Henrik Ling in the early nineteenth century and was continued by his followers Mathius Roth and Franz Berwald and, most notably, by Gustav Zander. Even today a few clinics, particularly in Eastern Europe, still use exercise in the treatment of scoliosis. Whether it is effective remains debatable, but even if progression is not prevented the patient’s general health will benefit from an exercise regimen.
The next generation of low-cost personal air quality sensors for quantitative exposure monitoring
Authors: Piedrahita R. , Xiang Y. , Masson N. , Ortega J. , Collier A. , Jiang Y. , Li K. , Dick R. P. , Lv Q. , Hannigan M. , Shang L.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Advances in embedded systems and low-cost gas sensors are enabling a new wave of low-cost air quality monitoring tools. Our team has been engaged in the development of low-cost, wearable, air quality monitors (M-Pods) using the Arduino platform. These M-Pods house two types of sensors – commercially available metal oxide semiconductor (MOx) sensors used to measure CO, O3, NO2, and total VOCs, and NDIR sensors used to measure CO2. The MOx sensors are low in cost and show high sensitivity near ambient levels; however they display non-linear output signals and have cross-sensitivity effects. Thus, a quantification system was developed to convert the MOx sensor signals into concentrations. We conducted two types of validation studies – first, deployments at a regulatory monitoring station in Denver, Colorado, and second, a user study. In the two deployments (at the regulatory monitoring station), M-Pod concentrations were determined using collocation calibrations and laboratory calibration techniques. M-Pods were placed near regulatory monitors to derive calibration function coefficients using the regulatory monitors as the standard. The form of the calibration function was derived based on laboratory experiments. We discuss various techniques used to estimate measurement uncertainties. The deployments revealed that collocation calibrations provide more accurate concentration estimates than laboratory calibrations. During collocation calibrations, median standard errors ranged between 4.0–6.1 ppb for O3, 6.4–8.4 ppb for NO2, 0.28–0.44 ppm for CO, and 16.8 ppm for CO2. Median signal to noise (S / N) ratios for the M-Pod sensors were higher than the regulatory instruments: for NO2, 3.6 compared to 23.4; for O3, 1.4 compared to 1.6; for CO, 1.1 compared to 10.0; and for CO2, 42.2 compared to 300–500. By contrast, lab calibrations added bias and made it difficult to cover the necessary range of environmental conditions to obtain a good calibration. A separate user study was also conducted to assess uncertainty estimates and sensor variability. In this study, 9 M-Pods were calibrated via collocation multiple times over 4 weeks, and sensor drift was analyzed, with the result being a calibration function that included baseline drift. Three pairs of M-Pods were deployed, while users individually carried the other three. The user study suggested that inter-M-Pod variability between paired units was on the same order as calibration uncertainty; however, it is difficult to make conclusions about the actual personal exposure levels due to the level of user engagement. The user study provided real-world sensor drift data, showing limited CO drift (under −0.05 ppm day−1), and higher for O3 (−2.6 to 2.0 ppb day−1), NO2 (−1.56 to 0.51 ppb day−1), and CO2 (−4.2 to 3.1 ppm day−1). Overall, the user study confirmed the utility of the M-Pod as a low-cost tool to assess personal exposure.
Mirror contamination in space I: mirror modelling
Authors: Krijger J. M. , Snel R. , van Harten G. , Rietjens J. H. H. , Aben I.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. We present a comprehensive model that can be employed to describe and correct for degradation of (scan) mirrors and diffusers in satellite instruments that suffer from changing optical Ultraviolet to visible (UV–VIS) properties during their operational lifetime. As trend studies become more important, so does the importance of understanding and correcting for this degradation. This is the case not only with respect to the transmission of the optical components, but also with respect to wavelength, polarisation, or scan-angle effects. Our hypothesis is that mirrors in flight suffer from the deposition of a thin absorbing layer of contaminant, which slowly builds up over time. We describe this with the Mueller matrix formalism and Fresnel equations for thin multi-layer contamination films. Special care is taken to avoid the confusion often present in earlier publications concerning the Mueller matrix calculus with out-of-plane reflections. The method can be applied to any UV–VIS satellite instrument. We illustrate and verify our approach to the optical behaviour of the multiple scan mirrors of SCIAMACHY (onboard ENVISAT).
Coupled ice sheet–climate modeling under glacial and pre-industrial boundary conditions
Authors: Ziemen F. A. , Rodehacke C. B. , Mikolajewicz U.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. In the standard Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) experiments, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is modeled in quasi-equilibrium with atmosphere–ocean–vegetation general circulation models (AOVGCMs) with prescribed ice sheets. This can lead to inconsistencies between the modeled climate and ice sheets. One way to avoid this problem would be to model the ice sheets explicitly. Here, we present the first results from coupled ice sheet–climate simulations for the pre-industrial times and the LGM. Our setup consists of the AOVGCM ECHAM5/MPIOM/LPJ bidirectionally coupled with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) covering the Northern Hemisphere. The results of the pre-industrial and LGM simulations agree reasonably well with reconstructions and observations. This shows that the model system adequately represents large, non-linear climate perturbations. A large part of the drainage of the ice sheets occurs in ice streams. Most modeled ice stream systems show recurring surges as internal oscillations. The Hudson Strait Ice Stream surges with an ice volume equivalent to about 5 m sea level and a recurrence interval of about 7000 yr. This is in agreement with basic expectations for Heinrich events. Under LGM boundary conditions, different ice sheet configurations imply different locations of deep water formation.
Improving streamflow predictions at ungauged locations with real-time updating: application of an EnKF-based state-parameter estimation strategy
Authors: Xie X. , Meng S. , Liang S. , Yao Y.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The challenge of streamflow predictions at ungauged locations is primarily attributed to various uncertainties in hydrological modelling. Many studies have been devoted to addressing this issue. The similarity regionalization approach, a commonly used strategy, is usually limited by subjective selection of similarity measures. This paper presents an application of a partitioned update scheme based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to reduce the prediction uncertainties. This scheme performs real-time updating for states and parameters of a distributed hydrological model by assimilating gauged streamflow. The streamflow predictions are constrained by the physical rainfall-runoff processes defined in the distributed hydrological model and by the correlation information transferred from gauged to ungauged basins. This scheme is successfully demonstrated in a nested basin with real-world hydrological data where the subbasins have immediate upstream and downstream neighbours. The results suggest that the assimilated observed data from downstream neighbours have more important roles in reducing the streamflow prediction errors at ungauged locations. The real-time updated model parameters remain stable with reasonable spreads after short-period assimilation, while their estimation trajectories have slow variations, which may be attributable to climate and land surface changes. Although this real-time updating scheme is intended for streamflow predictions in nested basins, it can be a valuable tool in separate basins to improve hydrological predictions by assimilating multi-source data sets, including ground-based and remote-sensing observations.
Assessment of heavy rainfall-induced disaster potential based on an ensemble simulation of Typhoon Talas (2011) with controlled track and intensity
Authors: Oku Y. , Yoshino J. , Takemi T. , Ishikawa H.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Typhoon Talas (2011) caused extensive damage through landslides on the Kii Peninsula, Japan, in September 2011. The purpose of the present study is to quantitatively describe the potential for the occurrence of heavy rainfall-induced disasters if the typhoon track perturbs slightly or the typhoon intensifies. Regarding to the consideration of the track displacement of the typhoon, a procedure is proposed to generate different typhoon tracks perturbed from the original track of the typhoon. In this procedure, the position of a typhoon is artificially shifted at a certain time before landing in a physically consistent manner by applying potential vorticity inversion (PVI) methodology. After relocating the typhoon, the subsequent progress is simulated by a mesoscale meteorological model. Using the output, which consists of a set of realizations having different typhoon tracks, the worst-case scenario is discussed in terms of the soil water index (SWI) of the Kii Peninsula. The SWI is an indicator of the amount of water in soil that represents the hazard of landslide disasters. The maximum spatially averaged SWI is 1.10 times as large as that from the original typhoon track. Regarding the consideration of severer typhoon, the same method is used, but the intensity of the potential vorticity of a typhoon is artificially modified at the position instead of relocating potential vorticity to a different place. The maximum spatially averaged SWI is 1.28 times as large as that of the original typhoon intensity.
Developing open geographic data model and analysis tools for disaster management: landslide case
Authors: Aydinoglu A. C. , Bilgin M. S.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Disaster Management aims to reduce catastrophic losses of disasters as landslide. Geographic information technologies support disaster management activities for effective and collaborative data management considering complex nature of disasters. Thus, this study aims to develop interoperable geographic data model and analysis tools to manage geographic data coming from different sources. For landslide disaster, 39 scenario-based activities were analyzed with required data according to user needs in a cycle of activities at mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases. Interoperable geographic data model for disaster management (ADYS), enabling up-to-date exchange of geographic data, was designed compliant with standards of ISO/TC211 Geographic Information/Geomatics, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), and Turkey National GIS (TUCBS). Open source and free analysis toolbox was developed and tested in case study of the activities such as landslide hazard analysis and disaster warning system to support Provincial Disaster Management Centers of Turkey.
Bioengineering Strategies for Polymeric Scaffold for Tissue Engineering an Aortic Heart Valve: An Update
Authors: Morsi Yosry S.
Published: October 2014

The occurrence of dysfunctional aortic valves is increasing every year, and current replacement heart valves, although having been shown to be clinically successful, are only short-term solutions and suffer from many agonizing long-term drawbacks. The tissue engineering of heart valves is recognized as one of the most promising answers for aortic valve disease therapy, but overcoming current shortcomings will require multidisciplinary efforts. The use of a polymeric scaffold to guide the growth of the tissue is the most common approach to generate a new tissue for an aortic heart valve. However, optimizing the design of the scaffold, in terms of biocompatibility, surface morphology for cell attachments and the correct rate of degradation is critical in creating a viable tissue-engineered aortic heart valve. This paper highlights the bioengineering strategies that need to be followed to construct a polymeric scaffold of sufficient mechanical integrity, with superior surface morphologies, that is capable of mimicking the valve dynamics in vivo. The current challenges and future directions of research for creating tissue-engineered aortic heart valves are also discussed.
Hepatic Dysfunction Contributes to Coagulation Disturbances in Patients Undergoing whole Body Hyperthermia by Use of Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: Worel Nina , Knöbl Paul , Karanikas Georgios , Fuchs Eva-Maria , Bojic Andja , Brodowicz Thomas , Jilma Petra , Zielinski Christoph C. , Köstler Wolfgang J. , Locker Gottfried J.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

This phase I study was performed to evaluate coagulation alterations during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) induced whole body hyperthermia (WBHT) in 12 patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas.

Methods

To distinguish between effects of normothermic ECC and ECC-WBHT, blood samples were drawn at different time points: at baseline, after 30 min on normothermic ECC, at the end of the heating period, and 24 h and 7 days thereafter. Standard coagulation tests, coagulation factors, thrombelastography, platelets and reticulated platelets, liver enzymes, and scintigraphic platelet imaging were performed.

Results

Normothermic ECC resulted in coagulation alterations most likely due to systemic anticoagulation. Induction of hyperthermia caused thrombocytopenia, increased fibrin degradation products, prolonged clotting times, alteration in coagulation factors, and increased liver enzymes. The majority of these effects was most pronounced 24 h after ECC-WBHT. In addition, late liver sequestration of platelets was demonstrated in scintigraphic imaging at that time point.

Conclusions

Temporal correlation between hemostatic alterations and elevation in liver enzymes leads to the assumption that liver impairment might play a crucial role in coagulation disturbances observed during ECC-WBHT and thereafter, thus strongly supported by liver sequestration of platelets. Therefore a close monitoring of hepatic derived coagulation alterations in patients undergoing extracorporeal whole body hypothermia is warranted.
The Effect of Pulsatile Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Lung Function in Elderly Patients
Authors: Engels Gerwin E. , Dodonov Mikhail , Rakhorst Gerhard , van Oeveren Willem , Milano Aldo D. , Gu Y. John , Faggian Giuseppe
Published: October 2014

Purpose

Cardiopulmonary bypass is still a major cause of lung injury and delay in pulmonary recovery after cardiac surgery. Although it has been shown that pulsatile flow induced by intra-aortic balloon pumping is beneficial for preserving lung function, it is not clear if the same beneficial effect can be accomplished with pulsatile flow generated in the extracorporeal circuit. Therefore, we investigated the effect of pulsatile flow, produced by a centrifugal pump, on lung function in elderly patients.

Methods

Serial measurements of lung biomarkers Clara cell 16 kD protein, surfactant protein D, and elastase were performed on blood samples from 37 elderly patients (≥75 years) who underwent elective aortic valve replacement surgery with CPB, either with pulsatile perfusion or continuous perfusion. Pulmonary function was assessed by postoperative ventilation time, the arterial blood oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2), the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (Aa-O2 gradient) and the pulmonary vascular resistance indexed by body surface area (PVRi).

Results

There was no difference in lung function between both groups, as assessed by the postoperative ventilation time, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and the Aa-O2 gradient. The PVRi, however, was significantly lower in the pulsatile perfusion group 15 mins after the administration of protamine (p<0.05). The plasma concentrations of the lung biomarkers increased during surgery and peaked at 1 h ICU, there were however no differences between groups.

Conclusions

Pulsatile flow does not seem beneficial to postoperative lung function in elderly patients. Moreover, pulsatile flow does not affect lung function on a subclinical level as assessed by lung biomarkers.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Graft Failure after Heart Transplantation: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Maximize Weaning Rate
Authors: Santise Gianluca , Panarello Giovanna , Ruperto Cettina , Turrisi Marco , Pilato Gerlando , Giunta Andrea , Sciacca Sergio , Pilato Michele
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Primary graft failure (PGF) after heart transplantation is a detrimental complication, and carries high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of our multidisciplinary approach in supporting patients affected with PGF after heart transplantation.

Methods

Out of 114 consecutive patients receiving orthotopic heart transplantation between January 2006 and July 2013, 18 (15.7%) developed PGF requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (VA-ECMO) support. Fourteen patients were male and the mean age was 49 ± 11 years. General principles in treating the patients were based on a low dose of adrenaline (0.05 mic/kg per min) infusion; femoral intra-aortic balloon pump (13 of the 18 patients); low dose of vasoconstrictors; careful fluid balance; daily echocardiographic transesophageal monitoring.

Results

Mean graft recipient pulmonary vascular resistance was 3.6 ± 3.2 WU. Five patients had absolute contraindication to IABP placement. The mean left ventricle ejection fraction pre-VA-ECMO was 18.4% ± 10.2%. The mean VA-ECMO and IABP support times were 6.7 ± 3.2 and 9.2 ± 7.6 days, respectively. Mean VA-ECMO flow was 4164 ± 679 l/min. The mean left ventricle ejection fraction increased to 43.4% ± 17.7% at the end of support. Weaning and discharge rates in patients treated with VA-ECMO+IABP were 84% and 53%, respectively. Causes of death were primarily end-stage organ failure.

Conclusions

A multidisciplinary evaluation of ECMO patients done by intensivists, cardiologists, and surgeons may influence weaning and survival rate. Our approach seems to be a safe and reproducible strategy for avoiding left ventricle distension and fluid overload, and for detecting complications that negatively affect outcomes.
The Local Landscape Effects of a Regional Water System in Artas, 1850–1948
Authors: Khalaf Marwan Abu
Published: October 2014

This article explores one of the most important technical achievements in the history of Palestine: the establishment of a water system centered in the Artas Valley. It was exceptionally important not only because it provided water to Jerusalem, but this system also continued working for over 2,000 years, expanding to over 40 km in its final stage of use. Its existence changed the cultural landscape of the region, including the development of settlements on both sides of the canals and increased agriculture due to the availability of water for irrigation. Through an analysis of primary and secondary sources, a clear picture is formed of how this resource was crucial to the development of the Artas Valley during the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods.
Archaeological Site Damage in the Cycle of War and Peace:: A Syrian Case Study
Authors: Cunliffe Emma
Published: October 2014

This article compares the damage sustained to sites in Syria during 50 years of peace with that recorded during the recent conflict. A methodology is presented to analyze peacetime site damage using remote assessment of sites on sequential satellite imagery and site damage during conflict from media sources, together with samples of the results achieved. The findings are compared to begin to draw out similarities and differences in how site damage occurs in war and peace, what factors affect it, and some of the key challenges sites now face.
Regulering na Lehman
Authors: Riekerk C.
Published: October 2014

Regulering na Lehman

Dit artikel bevat een overzicht van relevante regelgeving die tot stand is gekomen naar aanleiding van (de lessen uit) het faillissement van Lehman Brothers. Het overzicht kent een onderverdeling in vier categorieën. Te weten ‘toezicht en systeem’, ‘soliditeit’, ‘transparantie’ en ‘integriteit en kwaliteit’. Op basis van het overzicht wordt een aantal trends gesignaleerd met betrekking tot de beschreven regelgeving.
Financial Transaction Tax (FTT): de gevolgen van de extraterritoriale werking voor Nederlandse financiële instellingen
Authors: Adema R.P.C.
Published: October 2014

Financial Transaction Tax (FTT): de gevolgen van de extraterritoriale werking voor Nederlandse financiële instellingen

Op 14 februari 2013 heeft de Europese Commissie een herziene versie gepubliceerd van het voorstel voor een gemeenschappelijk systeem voor de heffing van FTT. Nederland doet hier vooralsnog niet aan mee. Desalniettemin kunnen Nederlandse financiële instellingen – en de spaarproducten en oudedagsvoorzieningen van deze instellingen – wel worden getroffen door de FTT. Dit komt door de territoriale werking van het voorstel. In deze bijdrage worden de gevolgen hiervan uiteengezet.
Governance en bescherming van banken
Authors: Zaman D.F.M.M. , Portier G.M. , Nijland J.
Published: October 2014

Governance en bescherming van banken

In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs de vraag welke publiek- en privaatrechtelijke mogelijkheden er bestaan om op permanente wijze een bank (of andere financiële instelling) te beschermen tegen beleid dat niet gericht is op het publieke belang. Daarbij worden mogelijke publiek- en privaatrechtelijke instrumenten vergeleken en geplaatst in een nationaal- en Europeesrechtelijk kader. Aangezien publiekrechtelijke instrumenten uit hoofde van de Interventiewet slechts onder bepaalde voorwaarden inzetbaar zijn (dreigende insolventie van de onderneming of instabiliteit van het financieel stelsel) en traditionele beschermingsconstructies slechts kunnen worden ingezet ter voorkoming van vijandige overnames, zien de auteurs mogelijkheden voor het gebruik van aanvullende privaatrechtelijke instrumenten ter stimulering van beleid van banken gericht op het publieke belang.
Gedrag in het prudentieel toezicht
Authors: Wijngaards A.E.H.M. , Khan M.A.A.
Published: October 2014

Gedrag in het prudentieel toezicht

Het toezicht op gedrag is een onderdeel van het nieuwe, vooruitblikkende toezicht dat DNB sinds de financiële crisis heeft ingericht. Dit artikel bespreekt de rol van het toezicht op gedrag in het prudentieel toezicht van DNB, en de manier waarop DNB hier invulling aan geeft. Ook wordt de juridische basis voor het toezicht op gedrag in nationale en internationale wet- en regelgeving uitgewerkt. Het artikel besluit met een bespreking van de belangrijkste uitdagingen en toekomstige ontwikkelingen voor het toezicht op gedrag.
Abordagens do PMBOK e CMMI sobre o Sucesso dos Projetos de Softwares
Authors: Pinto Ezequias Batista , Vasconcelos Alexandre Meira , Lezana Álvaro Guillermo Rojas
Published: October 2014

Nas últimas décadas aumentaram as discussões, publicações, métodos e ferramentas sobre gestão de projetos. Ao mesmo tempo, várias pesquisas buscam apontar as principais causas para fracassos em projetos, propiciando análises sobre as causas e criação de melhores práticas para auxiliar os profissionais a adquirirem maturidade e repetição de casos de sucesso. Diante da relevância do tema, este artigo descreve as principais abordagens do modelo de maturidade no desenvolvimento de software (CMMI) e a metodologia PMI para gestão de projeto (PMBOK), com o intuito de compará-los e levantar requisitos para a eficácia no gerenciamento de projetos de software. Concluiu-se que tanto o PMBOK quanto o CMMI tem um enfoque em gerenciamento de projetos, porém a estrutura de ambos é diferente e se completam. O PMBOK proporciona processos adicionais de gerenciamento de projetos para o CMMI, uma vez que apresenta o planejamento de documentos, tais como o plano de comunicações, de maneira mais detalhada. Já o CMMI proporciona uma estrutura para o gerenciamento e a melhoria de processos, para as melhores práticas de engenharia de software, para o gerenciamento de dados e para a análise de decisões.
Busca do Conhecimento Técnico Científico: Análise de Rede Informal Interorganizacional
Authors: Freire José Roberto De Souza , Farina Milton Carlos , Pascotto Siomara Maria Pierangeli , Santos Isabel Cristina dos
Published: October 2014

Este estudo analisa a busca do conhecimento entre os atores das redes sociais interorganizacionais informais em um Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Embrapa, visando compreender como ocorre o compartilhamento do conhecimento técnico científico. A questão de pesquisa busca responder como a rede social dos pesquisadores da Embrapa Gado de Corte, tal como se apresenta em termos estruturais e relacionais, pode ser considerada facilitadora do processo de geração do conhecimento. Utiliza-se pesquisa quantitativa descritiva e qualitativa. A abordagem da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) exige o aspecto quantitativo na mensuração das relações. A coleta de dados envolve 52 pesquisadores, sendo os dados tratados pelo software Ucinet 6.0 for Windows, que permitiu a visualização das características das redes analisadas. Os resultados encontrados expõem que a rede possui baixa densidade do potencial de seus laços, inferindo ações na política de gestão de pessoas e incentivos ao compartilhamento do conhecimento.
Benefícios Alcançados por Meio de um Modelo de Gestão Ágil de Projetos em uma Empresa de Jogos Eletrônicos
Authors: Albino Raphael Donaire , De Souza Cesar Alexandre , Prado Edmir Parada Vasques
Published: October 2014

Este estudo tem o propósito de apresentar o alinhamento existente entre as práticas ágeis de gestão de projetos e o desenvolvimento de jogos, a partir de um estudo de caso em uma empresa do segmento. Para responder a problemática abordada, este trabalho descreveu o ciclo de vida de construção dos jogos produzidos pelo objeto estudado. Pôde ser observado através do caso, que a conquista da agilidade vem do comprometimento da equipe, da gerência, do cliente e dos patrocinadores com o sucesso do projeto. Não existe uma solução de gestão ágil que possa ser prescrita, no entanto, o resultado da pesquisa indicou a existência de um alinhamento entre a construção de jogos e o modelo ágil de gestão.O referencial teórico utilizado fornece uma perspectiva para nortear o gerenciamento de projetos de forma ágil e a maior contribuição do trabalho foi ter mesclado as temáticas de desenvolvimento de jogos e a abordagem de construção ágil de projetos.
Gestão de Projetos e Estudos Organizacionais: Dois Lados da Mesma Moeda
Authors: Dullius Pedro Afonso De Vasconcellos , Macadar Marie Anne
Published: October 2014

Este ensaio teórico tem o objetivo de debater acerca das diferenças e semelhanças existentes entre organizações tradicionais e organizações temporárias, as quais aqui são consideradas “projetos”. Questiona-se a viabilidade de tratá-las sob uma mesma abordagem organizacional, uma vez que possuem essências completamente distintas. Parte-se do princípio de que organizações sociais são fenômenos multifacetados, portanto podem ser analisados sob diversas óticas. Assim, com base no conhecimento em Gestão de Projetos, especificamente de Escritórios de Gerenciamento de Projetos (Project Management Office), discute-se tais diferenças e semelhanças.
When Does Ethical Leadership Affect Workplace Incivility? The Moderating Role of Follower Personality
Authors: Taylor Shannon G. , Pattie Marshall W.
Published: October 2014

Although prior work has shown that employees with ethical leaders are less likely to engage in deviant or unethical behaviors, it is unknown whetherallemployees respond this way or to the same extent. Drawing on social learning theory as a conceptual framework, this study develops and tests hypotheses suggesting that two follower characteristics—conscientiousness and core self-evaluation—moderate the negative relationship between ethical leadership and workplace incivility. Data from employees of a U.S. public school district supported our predictions. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
The Free Software Alternative: Freeware, Open Source Software, and Libraries
Authors: Corbly James Edward
Published: October 2014

Abstract: This paper will introduce the reader to the world of freeware and open source software. Following a brief introduction, the author presents an overview of these types of software. Next comes a discussion of licensing issues unique to freeware and open source software, which leads directly to issues of registration. The author then offers several strategies readers can adopt to locate these software packages on the Web. The author then addresses questions regarding the use of freeware and open source software before offering a few closing thoughts.

 
A Candid Look at Collected Works: Challenges of Clustering Aggregates in GLIMIR and FRBR
Authors: Thornburg Gail
Published: October 2014

Creating descriptions of collected works in ways consistent with clear and precise retrieval has long challenged information professionals.  This paper describes problems of creating record clusters for collected works, and distinguishing them from single works:  design pitfalls, successes, failures, and future research.
Análisis de la producción científica sobre la pintura rupestre postpaleolítica en España. Arte levantino y pintura esquemática (1907-2010)
Authors: Mateo Saura Miguel Ángel , Gil-Leiva Isidoro , Pulgarín-Guerrero Antonio
Published: October 2014

El arte rupestre constituye una de las áreas de estudio de la Prehistoria más atractivas debido quizás al hermetismo que nos trasmite aún hoy. Tras un siglo de investigación sobre la pintura rupestre postpaleolítica en España, y cuando la producción científica supera los dos mil registros, se aborda desde parámetros bibliométricos, el análisis de esta producción durante el periodo 1907-2010. Partiendo de una base de datos propia en Acces elaborada durante más de veinte años y que a fecha de 31 de marzo de 2011 contaba con 2.186 registros bibliográficos se aplican técnicas bibliométricas para conocer la distribución temporal, el idioma usado, los estilos de arte rupestre, las tipologías documentales, las temáticas abordadas en los trabajos y el lugar de publicación de los mismos. La producción de documentos se sitúa por debajo de 21,02 trabajos/año hasta 1970, si bien, en los 104 años de investigación analizados, destacan por el elevado número de publicaciones los años 1999 con el 4,5% y 2006 con el 5.1%. En cuanto al idioma de los documentos se distribuyen así, español (88.1%), catalán (4.6%), francés (3,9%), inglés (2%); alemán (1%) y otros idiomas (italiano, portugués o gallego) con el 0,32%. El 35.4% de la producción está dedicada al arte levantino, mientras que la pintura esquemática acapara el 34.8%. En cuanto a la tipología documental, destaca el artículo científico con el 55,2% seguido de comunicaciones a congresos (19.2%), capítulos de libro (11.3%), monografías (9.8%), notas (2,3%), tesis doctorales (1%) y tesinas de licenciatura (0.7%). Las temáticas predominantes tratadas son los yacimientos (34,5%), la cronología (8,8%), la iconografía (7,7%) o la divulgación (5,1%). El 90,6% de la producción científica ha sido editada en España, destacando Zaragoza (13.4%), Madrid (13.3%), Valencia (9.2%) y Murcia (9%). Consideramos que la producción total es baja porque apenas sobrepasa 21 trabajos/año, si bien, en los últimos cincuenta años se alcanzaron tasas de crecimiento por encima del 5%. Debido a que el español es una de las lenguas más hablada en el mundo, sería necesario una mayor internacionalización de la investigación de la pintura rupestre postpaleolítica española superando el marcado localismo e igualmente, se hace necesario una mayor internacionalización de  las revistas españolas del sector.
Evaluation of the estrogenic effects of UV filters on the sergeant major damselfish, Abudefduf saxatilis
Authors: Soto Mélina , Rodríguez-Fuentes Gabriela
Published: October 2014

Oxybenzone, octyl salicylate, and octinoxate are compounds used in a variety of products as a protection against exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Concerns have emerged regarding their environmental safety as previous studies have shown that they tend to bioaccumulate and act as potential xenoestrogens in aquatic organisms. To our knowledge no studies have investigated their impact on tropical reef-associated species. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the estrogenic effects of these three compounds on the abundant, reef-associated sergeant major damselfish, Abudefduf saxatilis. As no genomic information of A. saxatilis was available, the first part of the study was to isolate and to sequence the vitellogenin (VTG) and β-actin genes. In the second part, the potential estrogenicity of the three compounds in juvenile fish (<5 cm) was studied using gene expression and protein synthesis analyses to evaluate the induction of VTG. Fish were exposed to doses of 5, 25, and 50 µg–1 of oxybenzone, octyl salicylate, octinoxate, and to a mixture of them in a similar proportion to the one used in commercial personal care products. An increment in alkali-labile phosphate was observed in all treatments, but it was only statistically significant in the positive control (17 β-estradiol). Relative gene expression was only statistically augmented in the positive control.
Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and amino acids of six rendered by-products in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Villarreal-Cavazos David Alonso , Ricque-Marie Denis , Peñaa-Rodríguez Alberto , Nieto-López Martha , Tapia-Salazar Mireya , Lemme Andreas , Gamboa-Delgado Julián , Cruz-Suárez Lucía Elizabeth
Published: October 2014

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) were evaluated in diets with six rendered by-products used to feed juvenile Pacific white shrimp: two poultry meals (poultry meal 1, 69% CP; poultry meal 2, 72% CP), two feather meals (89% CP), one blood meal (96% CP), and one pork meal (57% CP). Experimental diets were formulated with 30% of the test ingredient and 70% of a commercial diet supplemented with 1% of chromium oxide as inert marker. AA contents in ingredients, diets, leached diets, and feces were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Preprandial AA losses attributed to leaching were higher in the blood meal diet (15%) and pork meal diet (10%). Poultry meal diets 1 and 2 showed mean AA losses of 3% and 5%, respectively, while the reference diet had a mean AA leaching of 6%. The AA that had the highest leaching rates were lysine (21%), methionine (15%), and histidine (12%). The ADC of dry matter was higher for poultry meals 1 (70%) and 2 (73%), followed by pork meal (69%), feather meals (61%), and blood meal (57%). The digestibility of CP was higher for poultry meals (78–80%), followed by pork meal (76%), and blood meal and feather meals (65–67%). The digestibility of CP in the reference diet (83%) was higher than that observed for all the animal by-product meals except the poultry meals. The ADC of the sum of AA adjusted for nutrient leaching fluctuated from 65% for blood meal to 80% for poultry meals.
Modeling the effect of rainfall intensity on soil‐water nutrient exchange in flooded rice paddies and implications for nitrate fertilizer runoff to the Oita River in Japan
Authors: Higashino Makoto , Stefan Heinz G.
Published: October 2014

This paper examines the effect of rainfall intensity on nutrient exchange at the soil‐water interface of rice paddy fields and the implications to nitrate runoff to the Oita River. The Oita River Basin on Kyushu Island in Japan covers 650 km2 of which 11% are used for agriculture (rice). During the monsoon season in June/July, the heavily fertilized paddy fields are flooded and large amounts of NO3‐N are discharged to the Oita River. A model has been developed for the NO3‐N release in the rice paddy fields. The model focuses on the effect of rainfall intensity. It assumes that in addition to increased surface runoff and infiltration, the monsoon rain enhances pore water flow and causes nitrate release from the soil by dynamic pressure fluctuations at the soil/water interface. The magnitude of NO3‐N release from paddy fields is described by the simulated soil/water exchange velocity (W) which increases with rising rainfall intensity and hydraulic conductivity, and is on the order of 10−2 to 10−6 cm/s. When the river flow rises due to precipitation (monsoon), the NO3‐N load rises almost proportionately to the river discharge, and with little delay. Measured unit NO3‐N loads in the Oita River per day and m2 of paddy fields were nearly proportional to precipitation intensity R (R1.042) and so were modeled unit NO3‐N release rates in the paddy fields (R1.095). This result suggests that raindrop‐induced pumping is an important if not crucial process that enhances NO3‐N runoff from rice paddy fields. An implication is that the nutrient loading of surface water bodies may grow as the occurrence of extreme rainfall events increases with climate change.