bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development Analysis Model Using Multi-objective Optimization and Regional Efficiency Evaluation
Authors: Jia Mingwen , Luo Huawei
Published: June 2022

Regional efficiency refers to the ratio of the effective total output and the total input of regional factor resources under certain production technology conditions. At present, China’s traditional economic growth mode is based on the mode of sacrificing the environment for economic growth. At the same time, the influence and restriction of natural resources and natural environment on human social and economic development are more obvious than ever before. The contradiction between social and economic development, resources, and environmental preservation has become increasingly prominent. Problems such as resource shortage, environmental pollution, and ecological imbalance have exposed the disadvantages of the traditional development model, and so human beings have begun to seek new high-quality development models. Therefore, the research on regional efficiency in this paper is based on the idea of coordinated development of resources, environment and social economy, and multi-objective optimization algorithm, which constructs the evaluation index system of regional efficiency, comprehensively measures the regional efficiency, and inspects the development status. Evaluating the regional efficiency is conducive to analyzing the problems existing in regional development, saving resources, and promoting the sustainable development of the region.
The Generalization Inverse Weibull Distribution Related to X-Gamma Generator Family: Simulation and Application for Breast Cancer
Authors: Alshenawy R.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to propose the new three-parameter X-Gamma inverse Weibull (XGAIW) distribution which generalizes the inverse Weibull model. The density function of the XGAIW can be expressed as a linear combination of the inverse Weibull densities. Some mathematical quantities (reliability and hazard rate properties) of the proposed XGAIW model are derived. Moreover, four estimation methods, namely, the maximum likelihood, maximum product spacing, least squares, and weighted least squares methods, are utilized to estimate the XGAIW parameters. The Monte Carlo simulation study has been performed to assess the performance of the proposed estimation methods using some criteria. The importance, flexibility, and potentiality of the XGAIW model are studied via a breast cancer data set application. The XGAIW model can produce better fits than some well-known distributions, so the proposed model can be used, as a good alternative to some existing distributions, in modeling several real data.
Combination of Calcitriol and Zoledronic Acid on PINP and β-CTX in Postoperative Patients with Diabetic Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hu Qingchang , Wang Qi , Liu Fan , Yao Lishuai , Zhang Lei , Chen Guangdong
Published: June 2022

Objective. To explore the effect of calcitriol combined with zoledronic acid in posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures of the knee joint in patients with diabetic osteoporosis. Methods. Between January 2020 and January 2022, 60 patients with diabetic osteoporosis treated in our hospital were included. All patients underwent knee joint posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures, and they were randomized (1 : 1) into the observation group (calcitriol combined with zoledronic acid) and control group (calcitriol). The two groups were compared with respect to the improvement of bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes, the pain degree (VAS) and knee joint function (Lysholm), and the incidence of refracture. Results. Both groups showed an increasing bone mineral density after treatment, and significant increase was observed in the observation group vs. control group (all

p
<
0.05

). After treatment, VAS scores decreased in the two groups, and Lysholm scores increased compared to the corresponding values before treatment (all

p
<
0.05

), with more notable changes in the observation group versus control group (all

p
<
0.05

). The observation group had fewer cases of refractures than the control group (2 cases vs. 8 cases) (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Calcitriol combined with zoledronic acid used in patients with diabetic osteoporosis after the posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment avulsion fracture of the knee joint yields a promising result in enhancing bone mineral density and bone metabolism indicators, relieving pain, improving knee joint function, and reducing the risk of refracture.
A Network Public Opinion Trend Estimation Model Using a Scale-Free Network Algorithm
Authors: Li Ming , Li Ali
Published: June 2022

Online public opinion is gradually becoming an important medium that influences society’s mainstream direction in today’s period of rapid development of new media and network oversight. The propagation of public opinion on the Internet has become a serious issue affecting economic and social development, as well as national security. As a result, this research investigates the evolution of public opinion and the evolutionary stability strategy of groups. Furthermore, a scale-free network is introduced to develop a network public opinion propagation model based on the scale-free network to tackle the problem that the existing public opinion propagation model cannot fully reflect the law of public opinion propagation in real life. The model incorporates components such as external environmental influences, individual personality characteristics, and interpersonal intimacy, in addition to the law of public opinion dissemination in real society. This study uses MATLAB to carry out simulation and comparison analysis in order to test the model’s performance. Simulation findings reveal that this model’s stability is around 95.6 percent, and its highest accuracy is 94.3 percent, which is greater than that of the Krause–Hegselmann and Deffuant models. The obtained forms of public opinion are richer, and the results of public opinion evolution are more in line with the process of public opinion evolution in real society, thanks to this model’s ability to visually reflect the changes in individual opinions held over time in the process of public opinion evolution. It has practical implications for future studies.
Esophagitis after Clozapine Use in a 61-Year-Old Woman with Refractory Schizophrenia
Authors: Ma Sung Min , Lim Junghyun , Jiang Chunsu , Luca Luminita
Published: June 2022

Clozapine-induced esophagitis has been rarely reported. We herein report a case of a 61-year-old woman with schizophrenia who developed hematemesis, fever, and tachycardia after the initiation of clozapine. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed esophageal mucosal ulcerations. Her gastrointestinal symptoms resolved with pantoprazole, allowing continuation of her clozapine treatment. We report here an unusual association of severe esophagitis with clozapine use.
Influence of the Selection of Reaction Curve’s Representative Points on the Accuracy of the Identified Fractional‐Order Model
Authors: Gude Juan J. , García Bringas Pablo
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a general procedure for identifying a fractional first‐order plus dead‐time (FFOPDT) model is presented. This procedure is based on fitting three arbitrary points on the process reaction curve, where process information is obtained from a simple open‐loop test. A simplification of the general identification procedure is also considered, where only points symmetrically located on the reaction curve are selected. The proposed symmetrical procedure has been applied to the following sets of representative points: (5–50–95%), (10–50–90%), (15–50–85%), (20–50–80%), (25–50–75%), and (30–50–70%). Analytical expressions of the corresponding FFOPDT model parameters for these sets of symmetrical points have been obtained. In order to show the effectiveness and applicability of this procedure for the identification of fractional‐order models and to get insight into the influence of selection of the set of symmetrical points on the accuracy of the identified model, some numerical examples are proposed. This identification procedure gives good results in comparison with other integer‐ and fractional‐order identification methods. Finally, some conclusions and final remarks are offered in this context.
A Novel Fluorescent Dye Extracted from Buddleja officinalis for Labeling Mitochondria after Fixation
Authors: Yang Ying , Kim Ok-Su , Kim Byunggook , Liu Guo , Song Jianan , Liu Danyang , Ma Guowu , Kim Young , Kim Okjoon
Published: June 2022

Mitochondria are versatile organelles and function by communicating with cellular ecosystems. The fluorescent colocalization analysis after fixation is a highly intuitive method to understand the role of mitochondria. However, there are few fluorescent dyes available for mitochondrial staining after fixation. In this study, a novel fluorescent dye (BO-dye), extracted from Buddleja officinalis, was applied for mitochondrial staining in fixed immortalized human oral keratinocytes. The BO-dye (excitation: 414 nm, emission: 677 nm) is a small fluorescent molecular dye, which can cross the cytomembrane without permeabilization. We assume that the BO-dye could aggregate and bind to the mitochondria stably. BO-dye exhibited a mega-Stokes shift (>250 nm), which is an important feature that could reduce self-quenching and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. Analysis of photophysical properties revealed that the BO-dye is temperature and pH insensitive, and it exhibits superior photostability. These results indicate that BO-dye can be considered an alternative fluorescent dye for labeling mitochondria after fixation.
Education Mode Reform of Colleges and Universities in Music Teaching under 5G Internet
Authors: Luo Luo
Published: June 2022

The benefits of music education are immense and highly beneficial to students. Music positively impacts a child’s academic performance, assists in developing social skills, and provides an outlet for creativity that is crucial to a child’s development. This study combines 5G communication and music education to analyze the application of 5G in music education. The application principles of 5G technology in music education are investigated, and the role of digital technology in the development of music education is explored. Results show that the 5G has good application performance in music education, and as a result of 5G Internet technology, college and university music teaching approaches are becoming more diverse and teachers gradually introduce students to many musical styles and ideas, resulting in the expansion and development of music education and the transformation of traditional music education approaches into advanced musical educational techniques. Furthermore, in the context of the advanced communication era, the direction of music online education reform and innovation is correct, combining a 5G network environment with artificial intelligence. This study broadens the application scenario of 5G technology and offers suggestions for reforming and innovating music online education in the new era.
Preoperative Nutritional Status and Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Discharge in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhao Xining , Liu Jie , Wang Ying , Yang Yuying , Pan Yan , Ge Shengjin
Published: June 2022

Objective. Preoperative malnutrition is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and survival for gastric cancer patients. The study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of malnutrition, perioperative nutritional support, and the risk factors associated with delayed discharge of geriatric patients undergoing gastrectomy. Methods. A retrospective study of gastric cancer patients (

age
≥
65

) who underwent gastrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from January 2018 to May 2020 was conducted. Clinical data, including demographic information, medical history, surgery-related factors, and perioperative nutritional management, were collected and analyzed. Postoperative complications were assessed according to the Clavien-Dindo grading system, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculated. The risk factors affecting the prolongation of postoperative hospital stay were analyzed. Results. A total of 783 patients were reviewed. The overall frequency of malnutrition was 31.3% (249/783). The albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin levels were lower in the malnutrition group than in the well-nourished group. The proportion of patients who received preoperative total parenteral nutritional support in the malnutrition group was significantly higher than in the well-nourished group (12.4% vs. 3.7%,

P
<
0.001

). All patients received postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN); the proportion of patients who received total nutrient admixture (TNA) in the malnutrition group was lower than in the well-nourished group (22.1% vs. 33.5%,

P
=
0.001

). No significant difference was found in the duration of postoperative nutrition between groups (

P
>
0.05

). The malnutrition group was associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications (

P
<
0.001

). Univariate and multivariate regressions revealed that

age
>
70

years (

OR
=
1.216

, 95% CI 1.048-1.411,

P
=
0.010

), operation

time
>
180

 min (

OR
=
1.431

, 95% CI 1.237-1.656,

P
<
0.001

),

PNI
<
44.5

(

OR
=
1.792

, 95% CI 1.058-3.032,

P
=
0.030

), and postoperative complications (

OR
=
2.191

, 95% CI 1.604-2.991,

P
<
0.001

) were significant risk factors associated with delayed discharge. Conclusion. Malnutrition is relatively common in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy. Advanced age, duration of surgery, lower levels of PNI, and postoperative complications were risk factors associated with delay discharge. Elderly gastric cancer patients with risk factors urgently require specific attention for reducing hospital stay.
First-Train Timetable Synchronization in Metro Networks under Origin-Destination Demand Conditions
Authors: Chai Hetian , Tian Xiaopeng , Niu Huimin
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on how to synchronize network-wide timetables of first trains in an urban metro system, in which the train-connection-based route can be exactly determined for each first-train-attached origin-destination (OD) demand pair. With the help of even headway scheduling on each line, the problem is actually to adjust the departure times of first trains and connecting trains from their origin stations and the departure interval on each line. Subjected to train operation and connection constraints, a biobjective nonlinear integer programming model is formulated to minimize the total travel time of OD-dependent passenger demands and the deviation between the known and expected schedules. Then, the Nondominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is adopted to solve the proposed model, and an improved technique is elaborated to reduce the alternative route choices. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and availability of the proposed model and methods.
Hydroxytyrosol Alleviated Hypoxia-Mediated PC12 Cell Damage through Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α Signaling
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Tian Xiuyu , Liu Tianlong , Li Maoxing , Wang Weigang , Wang Peng , Guo Ziliang
Published: June 2022

Background. Hypoxia exerts pressure on cells and organisms, and this pressure can occur under both pathological and nonpathological conditions. There are many reports confirmed that hydroxytyrosol has good in vitro antioxidant activity, while the research about hydroxytyrosol on hypoxia-mediated cell damage is still unclear. Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of hydroxytyrosol on hypoxia-mediated cell damage. Methods. We studied the effects of hydroxytyrosol on the content of reactive oxygen species, the change of antioxidant enzymes activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and the content of oxidation products MDA and GSH, and the changes of cell membrane potential and effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway under hypoxia-mediated PC12 cell. Results. PC12 cell treated with hydroxytyrosol abated the cell apoptosis and alleviated the oxidative stress through scavenging of reactive oxygen species, improving the enzyme activity and changing the content of oxidation products and alleviating mitochondria damage. Western blotting confirmed that the mechanism maybe related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway. The inhibition experiment confirmed that hydroxytyrosol takes part in the expression of protein PI3K and p-mTOR. Conclusion. Hydroxytyrosol reduced the oxidative stress and resisted the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway caused by hypoxia, improved cell apoptosis, and ameliorated the antihypoxia ability of PC12 cells under hypoxia.
Wireless Sensor System of UAV Infrared Image and Visible Light Image Registration Fusion
Authors: Gu Lei , Meng Juan
Published: June 2022

The application of multisource sensors to drones requires high-quality images to ensure it. In simultaneous interpreting two or more multisensor images based on the same scene or target, the image obtained by the UAV sensor is limited by the imaging time and the shooting angle. The images obtained may not be aligned in the spatial position, thus affecting the fusion effect. Therefore, different sensor images must be registered before image fusion. During the shooting process of the drone imaging sensor, imaging angle, and environmental conditions, the obtained various sensor images will have rotation, translation, and other deformations in the spatial position so that they do not reach the spatial position. Therefore, it is impossible to directly perform image fusion directly. Therefore, before the multisensor image fusion, the image registration process must be completed to ensure that the two images are aligned in space. This paper analyzes the principles; based on the principles of the Powell search algorithm and improved walking algorithm, an algorithm combining Powell and improved walking algorithm is proposed. This paper also studies several traditional image neutrosophic fusions. The algorithm combines the fusion optimization algorithm proposed in this paper greatly reduces the calculation speed and improves the performance of the optimization algorithm and success rate.
Innovative Research on Collaborative Design of Blended English Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges Based on Digital Technology
Authors: Huang Hua , Wang Jieman
Published: June 2022

By combining the advantages of online teaching and offline teaching under digital technology, blended teaching can break the limitation of time and space, which reflects the transformation of the “student-centered” teaching paradigm. With the expansion of the blended teaching scale, how to analyze and match the features through the data of learners’ learning behaviors to improve their learning efficiency and teachers’ teaching level and quality has become an urgent problem. Therefore, in this paper, collaborative design is carried out for blended English teaching platform in higher vocational colleges, where students’ cognitive ability and difficulty of teaching resources are cooperatively matched. At the same time, blended recommendation of teaching resources is implemented based on collaborative filtering algorithm, thus developing a matching algorithm in light of the above dynamic adjustment. The results of the iterative test show that the platform can optimize the current English teaching mode and enhance the learning feedback between teachers and students, thus improving students’ English learning level.
Childhood Maltreatment and Its Association with Cognitive Ability in Young People Suspected to Be at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis
Authors: Büetiger Jessica R. , Michel Chantal , Kaess Michael , Kindler Jochen
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Childhood maltreatment is associated with both reduced cognitive functioning and the development of psychotic symptoms. However, the specific relationship between childhood maltreatment, cognitive abilities and (pre)psychotic symptoms remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between childhood maltreatment and tasks of verbal memory and processing speed in a help-seeking sample of an early detection of psychosis service. Methods: A total of 274 participants consisting of 177 clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis subjects and 97 clinical controls (CC) with subthreshold CHR underwent a battery of neurocognitive assessments measuring the latent variables verbal memory and processing speed. Additionally, the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) was administered to assess varying childhood maltreatment subtypes. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine associations between verbal memory, processing speed, and maltreatment subtypes. Other factors in the model were age, gender, clinical group (CHR or CC), and the presence of different CHR criteria. Results: Physical abuse was associated with lower scores in verbal memory and processing speed. The explained variance in the SEM reached up to 9.5% for verbal memory and 24.9% for processing speed. Both latent variables were each associated with the presence of cognitive-perceptive basic symptoms. Lower verbal memory was additionally associated with the clinical high-risk group, and processing speed capacity was associated with higher age and female gender. Conclusion: Childhood physical abuse in particular was associated with poorer performance on verbal memory and processing speed across both groups of CHR and CC with subthreshold CHR symptoms. This adds to the current literature on reduced cognitive abilities when childhood maltreatment had occurred, albeit subtype dependent. Our findings, together with high prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment in patients with psychosis or CHR states, along with the presence of cognitive deficits in these patients, highlight the importance of not only assessing cognition but also childhood maltreatment in managing these patients. Future research should investigate the specific biological mechanisms of childhood maltreatment on verbal memory and processing speed in CHR subjects, as neurobiological alterations might explain the underlying mechanisms.
A Family with Liddle Syndrome Caused by a Novel Stop-Gain Mutation in the γ Subunit of Epithelial Sodium Channels
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Cao Conghui , Yao Qiang , Guo Liping , Li Chenyan , Li Jing
Published: June 2022

Liddle syndrome (OMIM #177200) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by gain-of-function pathogenic variants in the genes encoding epithelial sodium channel subunits, including α (SCNN1A), β (SCNN1B), and γ (SCNN1G). The majority of the reported cases carry SCNN1B variants (∼90%), and SCNN1A/G variants are relatively infrequent. Here, we report a 24-year-old Chinese male patient diagnosed with early-onset hypertension. Laboratory tests revealed hypokalemia with a low level of plasma renin activity. Liddle syndrome was confirmed by high-throughput sequencing, which identified a novel nonsense variant Q591X in the SCNN1G gene, resulting in the PY motif’s deletion. The patient’s father has the same mutation, and his mother and sister are normal. All eleven variants in the SCNN1G gene were summarized. Liddle syndrome usually presents with early onset of hypertension with hypokalemia and low-renin activity, but it can be clinically heterogeneous. It is necessary to utilize next-generation sequencing to clarify the diagnosis to identify Liddle syndrome in young patients with hypertension and to perform early treatment and prevent a series of adverse outcomes caused by hypertension.
Influence of wound fluid on the transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Moratin Helena , Böhm Sonja , Hagen Rudolf , Scherzad Agmal , Hackenberg Stephan
Published: June 2022

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in the tumor microenvironment have a decisive influence on tumor growth and metastatic behavior. The cellular origins as well as the stimuli leading to CAF formation are heterogenous, impeding a precise characterization. Aim of this study was to analyze the influence of cytokines secreted in the process of wound healing, tumor cell-associated paracrine-secreted factors, and direct cell-cell contact on the expression of the CAF-associated markers fibroblast activation protein (FAP), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) and tenascin-c (TNC) by rt-PCR in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Cells developed different morphological characteristics after incubation with wound fluid (WF). Moreover, expression of FAP and α-SMA in MSC was a significantly reduced after WF compared to tumor-conditioned medium and in co-culture with tumor cells, THBS1 and TNC were not significantly altered after any of the different incubation methods. There were no alterations of expression patterns of FAP and α-SMA in the immunohistochemical analysis. Differences in the cytokine composition of the media were found in the dot blot. The heterogeneity of the results emphasizes the complexity of the interactions of tumor cells and cells of the microenvironment, particularly through the addition of human-derived WF.
Cadherin-11 and its role in tissue fibrosis
Authors: Chavula Thandiwe , To Sarah , Agarwal Sandeep K.
Published: June 2022

Fibrosis is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix that results from chronic inflammation and injury, leading the loss of tissue integrity and function. Cadherins are important adhesion molecules that classically mediate calcium-dependent cell-to-cell adhesion and play important roles in tissue development and cellular migration, but likely have functions beyond these important roles. Cadherin-11 (CDH11), a member of the cadherin family, has been implicated in several pathological processes including cancer. More recent evidence suggests that CDH11 is a central mediator of tissue fibrosis. CDH11 expression is increased in patients with fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. CDH11 expression is increased in mouse models of lung, skin, liver, cardiac, renal, and intestinal fibrosis. Targeting CDH11 in murine models of fibrosis, clearly demonstrate that CDH11 is a common mediator of fibrosis across multiple tissues. Insight into potential mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level is emerging. In this review, we present the evolving evidence for the involvement of CDH11 in tissue fibrosis. We also discuss some of the proposed mechanisms and highlight the potential of CDH11 as a common therapeutic target and biomarker in different fibrotic pathologies.
Transe, sacrifício, comunhão e poder no Xangô de Pernambuco
Authors: Motta Roberto
Published: June 2022

Este artigo quer demonstrar que o transe e o sacrifício nos Xamás de Recife realizam uma "equação" através da qual a personalidade do devoto se funde com a personalidade do santo. Essa fusão representa uma tentativa de superar a pobreza e a aflição. Mais do que qualquer função econômica. psicológica, medicinal e educativa, o transe e o sacrifício são "bons para ser".
As pesquisas mais frequentes em etnologia e história indígena na Amazônia: uma abordagem musical
Authors: Vidal Lux Boelitz
Published: June 2022

Embora ocupe um lugar central na cosmologia indígena, a música foi pouco estudada pela etnologia. O artigo mostra como a questão ecológica acabou por reverter a situação, lançando uma ponte entre música popular brasileira (e mesmo rock) e música indígena.
Validation of the WATCH‐DM and TRS‐HF
DM
Risk Scores to Predict the Risk of Incident Hospitalization for Heart Failure Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicohort Analysis
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Patel Kershaw V. , Hellkamp Anne S. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Green Jennifer B. , Wan Siu‐Hin , Kolkailah Ahmed A. , Holman Rury R. , Peterson Eric D. , Kannan Vaishnavi , Willett Duwayne L. , McGuire Darren K. , Pandey Ambarish
Published: June 2022

Background

The WATCH‐DM (weight [body mass index], age, hypertension, creatinine, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes control [fasting plasma glucose], ECG QRS duration, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery bypass grafting) and TRS‐HF
DM
(Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] risk score for heart failure in diabetes) risk scores were developed to predict risk of heart failure (HF) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. WATCH‐DM was developed to predict incident HF, whereas TRS‐HF
DM
predicts HF hospitalization among patients with and without a prior HF history. We evaluated the model performance of both scores to predict incident HF events among patients with type 2 diabetes and no history of HF hospitalization across different cohorts and clinical settings with varying baseline risk.

Methods and Results

Incident HF risk was estimated by the integer‐based WATCH‐DM and TRS‐HF
DM
scores in participants with type 2 diabetes free of baseline HF from 2 randomized clinical trials (TECOS [Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes With Sitagliptin], N=12 028; and Look AHEAD [Look Action for Health in Diabetes] trial, N=4867). The integer‐based WATCH‐DM score was also validated in electronic health record data from a single large health care system (N=7475). Model discrimination was assessed by the Harrell concordance index and calibration by the Greenwood‐Nam‐D’Agostino statistic. HF incidence rate was 7.5, 3.9, and 4.1 per 1000 person‐years in the TECOS, Look AHEAD trial, and electronic health record cohorts, respectively. Integer‐based WATCH‐DM and TRS‐HF
DM
scores had similar discrimination and calibration for predicting 5‐year HF risk in the Look AHEAD trial cohort (concordance indexes=0.70; Greenwood‐Nam‐D’Agostino
P
>0.30 for both). Both scores had lower discrimination and underpredicted HF risk in the TECOS cohort (concordance indexes=0.65 and 0.66, respectively; Greenwood‐Nam‐D’Agostino
P
<0.001 for both). In the electronic health record cohort, the integer‐based WATCH‐DM score demonstrated a concordance index of 0.73 with adequate calibration (Greenwood‐Nam‐D’Agostino
P
=0.96). TRS‐HF
DM
score could not be validated in the electronic health record because of unavailability of data on urine albumin/creatinine ratio in most patients in the contemporary clinical practice.

Conclusions

The WATCH‐DM and TRS‐HF
DM
risk scores can discriminate risk of HF among intermediate‐risk populations with type 2 diabetes.
Hydrophilic Versus Lipophilic Statin Treatments in Patients With Renal Impairment After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kang Min Hye , Kim Weon , Kim Jin Sug , Jeong Kyung Hwan , Jeong Myung Ho , Hwang Jin‐Yong , Hur Seung Ho , Hwang Hyeon Seok
Published: June 2022

Background

Hydrophilic and lipophilic statins have similar efficacies in treating coronary artery disease. However, specific factors relevant to renal impairment and different arterial pathogeneses could modify the clinical effects of statin lipophilicity, and create differences in protective effects between statin types in patients with renal impairment.

Methods and Results

A total of 2062 patients with acute myocardial infarction with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
were enrolled from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry between November 2011 and December 2015. The primary end point was a composite of 2‐year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACEs) after acute myocardial infarction occurrence. MACEs were defined as all‐cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stroke. Propensity‐score matching and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed. A total of 529 patients treated with hydrophilic statins were matched to 529 patients treated with lipophilic statins. There was no difference in the statin equivalent dose between the 2 statin groups. The cumulative event rate of MACEs, all‐cause mortality, and recurrent myocardial infarction were significantly lower in patients treated with hydrophilic statins in the propensity‐score matched population (all
P
<0.05). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, patients treated with hydrophilic statins had a lower risk for composite MACEs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55–0.90]), all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.49–0.93]), and recurrent myocardial infarction (HR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.21–0.73]), but not for revascularization and ischemic stroke.

Conclusions

Hydrophilic statin treatment was associated with lower risk of MACEs and all‐cause mortality than lipophilic statin in a propensity‐score matched observational cohort of patients with renal impairment following acute myocardial infarction.
Machine Learning–Based Risk Model for Predicting Early Mortality After Surgery for Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Luo Li , Huang Sui‐qing , Liu Chuang , Liu Quan , Dong Shuohui , Yue Yuan , Liu Kai‐zheng , Huang Lin , Wang Shun‐jun , Li Hua‐yang , Zheng Shaoyi , Wu Zhong‐kai
Published: June 2022

Background

The early mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis is high. Although risk models help identify patients at high risk, most current scoring systems are inaccurate or inconvenient. The objective of this study was to construct an accurate and easy‐to‐use prediction model to identify patients at high risk of early mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis.

Methods and Results

A total of 476 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis who underwent surgery at 2 centers were included. The development cohort consisted of 276 patients. Eight variables were selected from 89 potential predictors as input of the XGBoost model to train the prediction model, including platelet count, serum albumin, current heart failure, urine occult blood ≥(++), diastolic dysfunction, multiple valve involvement, tricuspid valve involvement, and vegetation >10 mm. The completed prediction model was tested in 2 separate cohorts for internal and external validation. The internal test cohort consisted of 125 patients independent of the development cohort, and the external test cohort consisted of 75 patients from another center. In the internal test cohort, the area under the curve was 0.813 (95% CI, 0.670–0.933) and in the external test cohort the area under the curve was 0.812 (95% CI, 0.606–0.956). The area under the curve was significantly higher than that of other ensemble learning models, logistic regression model, and European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II (all,
P
<0.01). This model was used to develop an online, open‐access calculator (
http://42.240.140.58:1808/
).

Conclusions

We constructed and validated an accurate and robust machine learning–based risk model to predict early mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis, which may help clinical decision‐making and improve outcomes.
Tracking Frank Stella: An Empirical Evaluation of Art-Historical Issues in an Eye-Movement and Questionnaire Study
Authors: De Winter Stefanie , Wagemans Johan
Published: June 2022

An eye-tracking and questionnaire study was set up in collaboration with the Van Abbemuseum (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) to investigate the perception and appreciation of three Frank Stella paintings from the 60s (Tuxedo Park and Effingham I from the collection of the museum and a hand-painted replica of Hiraqla Variation II). Effingham and Hiraqla were shown next to a printed copy without fluorescent colors, for a direct comparison between the two versions. The main purpose of the study was to assess whether the works were experienced according to Stella’s prescriptions as defined in his Modernist ‘logic’: all-overness, flatness, instantaneousness and self-referentiality. We found that the perception of Tuxedo resulted in a well-structured, coherent heatmap, while a more or less even distribution of fixations over the surface was found in the case of Effingham and Hiraqla (and their copies), which indicates that Stella’s target of all-overness was achieved better in the last two works. Although Stella claimed to have created “flat and frontal” paintings, depth was experienced, especially in Tuxedo and the Hiraqla replica. In the latter, this was mainly caused by the protruding fluorescent colors. Also, in this work more fixations were found in fluorescent-colored areas when corrected for area size. No such effect was found in the original Effingham painting. Most participants found only Effingham to be instantaneously capturable. In the case of Tuxedo, the specific material qualities, like alkyd and open canvas, were rarely recognized, which undermines Stella’s aim for self-referentiality. Participants noticed the fluorescent effect in the Hiraqla replica, but they did not mention other material qualities. A reverse effect was found for Effingham.
Is There a Need for an Update of the Theory of Deterrence? US Failure in North Korea
Authors: Kivimäki Timo
Published: June 2022

This article will answer why the United States failed in deterring North Korea from its development of nuclear weapons focusing on the basic logic of deterrence and identifying a historical deficiency. This is related to the failure to understand that in addition to the predictability of punishment, in case of unwanted behaviour of the target of deterrence, the non-punishment of non-aggressive action also needs to be made predictable. Focusing on this deficiency in the relationship of deterrence between the United States and North Korea, this article answers the question of why American deterrence has failed to prevent the emergence of North Korea as a de facto nuclear weapons power. The general proof of the failure of post-Cold War deterrence uses statistics of conflict, while the investigation of American deterrence vis-à-vis North Korea will use theory-guided process tracing based on evidence from declassified, primarily American, documents.
Investigating Extratropical Influence on the Equatorial Atlantic Zonal Bias with Regional Data Assimilation
Authors: Liu Tianying , Liu Zhengyu , Zhao Yuchu , Zhang Shaoqing
Published: June 2022

A reversal of zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Atlantic is a common bias in climate models. Studies to investigate the origin of this bias mainly focused on the tropics itself. Applying the regional data assimilation method in the GFDL CM2.1 model, we investigate the combined and respective influences of the northern and southern extratropics on this bias. It is found that the reversed zonal SST gradient bias is caused to a considerable extent by the extratropical atmosphere, especially by the northern extratropics. This extratropical impact on the equator occurs mainly through influencing the Hadley circulation. Therefore, the ITCZ position in boreal spring in this model most likely determines the dominant role of northern extratropics in the spring equatorial westerly bias and additionally the zonal SST gradient bias. Due to the cold bias in the extratropical atmosphere, the northward shift of the ITCZ coupled with the increased meridional SST gradient caused by assimilating the northern extratropics strengthens the cross-equatorial southeasterly wind, thus correcting the spring equatorial westerly bias. The strengthened spring equatorial easterlies further steepen the thermocline slope and enhance the eastern upwelling, thus reproducing the summer cold tongue and finally improving the annual-mean zonal SST gradient bias.
Long-Term Survival of Patients After Total Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy With Gastric Pull-Up Reconstruction for Hypopharyngeal or Laryngeal Cancer Invading Cervical Esophagus
Authors: Bich Tran Anh , Vuong Nguyen Lam , Cam Tu Nguyen Cong Huyen Ton Nu , Truong Tran Minh , Trung Lam Viet
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers are aggressive and usually diagnosed at advanced stage with esophagus invasion. Total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy with gastric pull-up reconstruction has been a common surgery for these cancers but long-term outcomes are still questionable. This study aimed to investigate short-term and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent this surgery.

Methods:

Patients with hypopharyngeal or laryngeal cancer invading cervical esophagus who underwent total pharyngolaryngoesphagectomy with gastric pull-up between 2012 and 2016 was included and followed up until 2021. Short-term outcomes were complications and long-term outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results:

Fifty patients were included with a mean age of 60.3 years and 94% were male. Pyriform fossa was the most common primary site of tumor (50%), followed by posterior hypopharyngeal wall (18%) and postcricoid region (18%). Mean operating time, postoperative oral intake and hospital stay was 363.1 ± 43.6 minutes, 8.8 ± 3.6 days and 14.2 ± 3.0 days respectively. Complications occurred in 15 patients (30%) without any in-hospital death. During the follow-up period, 17 patients had recurrence and 35 patients died. Median (95% confidence interval [CI]) OS and DFS time were 30 (21-37) and 30 (19-36) months. Five-year OS and DFS probability (95% CI) were 22.6% (12.8-39.7) and 22.7% (12.9-39.8).

Conclusions:

Total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy with gastric pull-up is feasible and safe. However, even with curative surgery and multimodal treatment, advanced pharyngeal or laryngeal cancer with cervical esophagus invasion still has poor survival outcome.
Low Dose Betahistine in Combination With Selegiline Increases Cochlear Blood Flow in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Kloos Benedikt , Bertlich Mattis , Spiegel Jennifer L. , Freytag Saskia , Lauer Susanne K. , Canis Martin , Weiss Bernhard G. , Ihler Friedrich
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Betahistine is frequently used in the pharmacotherapy for Menière’s Disease (MD). Little is known about its mode of action and prescribed dosages vary. While betahistine had an increasing effect on cochlear microcirculation in earlier studies, low dose betahistine of 0.01 mg/kg bw or less was not able to effect this. Selegiline inhibits monoaminooxidase B and therefore potentially the breakdown of betahistine. The goal of this study was to examine whether the addition of selegiline to low dose betahistine leads to increased cochlear blood flow.

Methods:

Twelve Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were anesthetized, the cochlea was exposed and a window opened to the stria vascularis. Blood plasma was visualized by injecting fluoresceinisothiocyanate-dextrane and vessel diameter and erythrocyte velocity were evaluated over 20 minutes. One group received low dose betahistine (0.01 mg/kg bw) and selegiline (1 mg/kg bw) i.v. while the other group received only selegiline (1 mg/kg bw) and saline (0.9% NaCl) as placebo i.v.

Results:

Cochlear microcirculation increased significantly ( P < .001) in guinea pigs treated with low dose betahistine combined with selegiline by up to 58.3 ± 38.7% above baseline over a period of up to 11 minutes. In one guinea pig, the increase was 104.6%. Treatment with Selegiline alone did not affect microcirculation significantly.

Conclusions:

Low dose betahistine increased cochlear microcirculation significantly when combined with selegiline. This should be investigated in further studies regarding dose-effect relation in comparison to betahistine alone. Side effects, in particular regarding circulation, should be considered carefully in view of the clinical applicability of a combination therapy in patients with MD.
Functional and Esthetic Outcomes of L-Shaped Augmentation Rhinoplasty in Indonesian Noses
Authors: Widodo Dini Widiarni , Asmoro Satria Dipo Putra , Wardani Retno Sulistyo , Affandi Dewo Aksoro , Oriza Imelda Ika Dian
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

We investigated the satisfaction and nasal airway function of patients who underwent L-shaped augmentation rhinoplasty using rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation (ROE). Nasal obstruction was evaluated using the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) and peak nasal inspiratory flowmeter (PNIF) score. We explored the correlation between tip projection, ROE, NOSE, and PNIF scores.

Methods:

We conducted a pre-and post-experimental study of 16 adult Indonesian patients who underwent L-shaped augmentation rhinoplasty. We used the neurotic scale to rule out patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and patients with low-to-moderate neurotic scores were included as participants.

Results:

For all patients who underwent augmentation rhinoplasty, the median score of the NOSE questionnaire decreased from 12.5 to 5 after surgery ( P = .005). The ROE median satisfaction scores also increased from 7.00 to 14.00 postoperatively ( P = .001). The median PNIF preoperative score increased from 92 (70-130) to 115 (105-155) postoperatively. There was an increase in tip projection from 1.5 (1.1-2) preoperative to 2.05 (1.8-2.5) postoperative. There was a significant correlation between ∆ tip projection and ∆ NOSE ( P = .048), with a moderate correlation ( r = .502). However, there was no significant correlation between ∆ tip projection and ∆ PNIF ( P = .080) and ∆ ROE ( P = .302).

Conclusion:

The increase in ROE and PNIF, and the decrease in NOSE score after surgery revealed that the augmented L-shaped rhinoplasty technique has high satisfaction rates in both the nasal esthetics and functions of patients. The tip projection increment was proven to elevate nasal function subjectively in a certain range of tip height difference evaluated by the NOSE score.
Decomposing the Decline of Unions: Revisiting Sectoral and Regional Shifts
Authors: Schaller Zachary
Published: June 2022

This study uses newly disaggregated National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) election data to revisit the theory that sectoral and regional shifts in economic activity contributed substantially to private-sector union decline in the United States. Unlike most studies, which focus on differential employment growth among union and non-union establishments, this article focuses on how such shifts may have affected organizational rates themselves. Improved data permit a shift-share decomposition that indicates that approximately 40% of the decline in union elections is in response to sectoral shifts, the majority attributable to changes within each sector. Moreover, in an update to Dickens and Leonard’s 1985 study, the author shows that declining organization rates since 1980 are responsible for a decline in union density of 5.4 percentage points.
‘From Childhood’: A Markan Soteriology for Victims of Childhood Abuse
Authors: O’Halloran Nathan
Published: June 2022

In this article I bring an analysis of the boy possessed ‘from childhood’ in Mark 9:14–29 to bear on the contemporary situation of victims abused as children. I suggest that at least some of the discomfort we may feel in comparing an abused child to a possessed child in the Gospels stems from a residual feeling that demoniacs are guilty. But the Gospel witness is that possessed people are innocent and unwillingly ‘colonized.’ I then note the literary echoes between Mark 9:14–29 and Mark 14:32–42 which highlight Jesus’ identification with victims in Gethsemane. I conclude by suggesting that the possessed boy of Mark 9 is representative of innocent childhood victims in his unwilling bondage, and that Jesus’ salvific solidarity with him in Gethsemane offers to all victims of childhood abuse a healing space from which to identify with Christ on his healing journey toward resurrection.
Variations in Bible Translations: Necessity or Impoverishment?
Authors: O’Collins Gerald
Published: June 2022

The article agrees that meaning-for-meaning rather than word-for-word sums up the primary scope of translation from biblical texts. Yet Greek and Hebrew words may enjoy the same or at least very similar meanings in different contexts; and the scriptural authors may intend intertextual links between their use of these words. In such cases differing translations can not only be unnecessary but may also lead readers to miss links intended by the authors. This case is established by examining the use of phaneroō (‘reveal,’ John) and diakoneō (‘serve,’ Mark).