bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term variability of importance of brain regions in evolving epileptic brain networks
Authors: Geier Christian , Lehnertz Klaus
Published: April 2017

We investigate the temporal and spatial variability of the importance of brain regions in evolving epileptic brain networks. We construct these networks from multiday, multichannel electroencephalographic data recorded from 17 epilepsy patients and use centrality indices to assess the importance of brain regions. Time-resolved indications of highest importance fluctuate over time to a greater or lesser extent, however, with some periodic temporal structure that can mostly be attributed to phenomena unrelated to the disease. In contrast, relevant aspects of the epileptic process contribute only marginally. Indications of highest importance also exhibit pronounced alternations between various brain regions that are of relevance for studies aiming at an improved understanding of the epileptic process with graph-theoretical approaches. Nonetheless, these findings may guide new developments for individualized diagnosis, treatment, and control.
Another approach for obtaining the excitation spectra in degenerate Bose gases with delta-shaped interaction potentials
Authors: Bobrov V. B. , Zagorodny A. G. , Trigger S. A.
Published: April 2017

A formalism is proposed for describing an equilibrium Bose gas based on consideration of a macroscopic but finite volume. The presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate is taken into account through an off-diagonal long-range order in the transition to the thermodynamic limit. On this basis, degenerate Bose gases with delta-shaped interaction potentials are described in terms of a self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation. Explicit expressions are obtained for the energy spectra of single-particle and collective excitations.
A nonvolatile memory device with very low power consumption based on the switching of a standard electrode potential
Authors: Sugiyama Issei , Shimizu Ryota , Suzuki Tohru , Yamamoto Kuniko , Kawasoko Hideyuki , Shiraki Susumu , Hitosugi Taro
Published: April 2017

We prepared a nonvolatile memory device that could be reversibly switched between a high and a low open-circuit voltage (Voc) regime. The device is composed of a solid electrolyte Li3PO4 film sandwiched between metal Li and Au electrodes: a Li/Li3PO4/Au heterostructure, which was fabricated at room temperature on a glass substrate. The bistable states at Voc ∼ 0.7 and ∼0.3 V could be reversibly switched by applying an external voltage of 2.0 and 0.18 V, respectively. The formation and deformation of an ultrathin Au–Li alloy at the Li3PO4/Au electrode interface were the origin of the reversible switching.
Counterion accumulation effects on a suspension of DNA molecules: Equation of state and pressure-driven denaturation
Authors: Nicasio-Collazo Luz Adriana , Delgado-González Alexandra , Hernández-Lemus Enrique , Castañeda-Priego Ramón
Published: April 2017

The study of the effects associated with the electrostatic properties of DNA is of fundamental importance to understand both its molecular properties at the single molecule level, like the rigidity of the chain, and its interaction with other charged bio-molecules, including other DNA molecules; such interactions are crucial to maintain the thermodynamic stability of the intra-cellular medium. In the present work, we combine the Poisson-Boltzmann mean-field theory with an irreversible thermodynamic approximation to analyze the effects of counterion accumulation inside DNA on both the denaturation profile of the chain and the equation of state of the suspension. To this end, we model the DNA molecule as a porous charged cylinder immersed in an aqueous solution. These thermo-electrostatic effects are explicitly studied in the particular case of some genes for which damage in their sequence is associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Probabilistic shaping for ROF system with heterodyne coherent detection
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Xinying , Zhang Ying , Xin Xiangjun , Yu Jianjun
Published: April 2017

We investigate and compare the performance of normal and probabilistic shaping (PS) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) in a photonic vector millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal generation system adopting heterodyne coherent detection. And we obtain a better bit-error ratio (BER) performance in the PS 16QAM scheme compared to the normal 16QAM scheme in the simulation. We also for the first time experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of PS-polarization-division-multiplexing 16QAM in a photonic vector mm-wave signal generation system employing heterodyne coherent detection. We obtain the same BER in PS and normal schemes with the PS scheme providing a higher bit rate. Then we experimentally carry out the performance investigation of PS in a 16QAM-modulated radio over fiber system with 40 m wireless transmission.
ZnO nanotube waveguide arrays on graphene films for local optical excitation on biological cells
Authors: Baek Hyeonjun , Kwak Hankyul , Song Minho S. , Ha Go Eun , Park Jongwoo , Tchoe Youngbin , Hyun Jerome K. , Park Hye Yoon , Cheong Eunji , Yi Gyu-Chul
Published: April 2017

We report on scalable and position-controlled optical nanoprobe arrays using ZnO nanotube waveguides on graphene films for use in local optical excitation. For the waveguide fabrication, position-controlled and well-ordered ZnO nanotube arrays were grown on chemical vapor deposited graphene films with a submicron patterned mask layer and Au prepared between the interspace of nanotubes. Mammalian cells were cultured on the nanotube waveguide arrays and were locally excited by light illuminated through the nanotubes. Fluorescence and optogenetic signals could be excited through the optical nanoprobes. This method offers the ability to investigate cellular behavior with a high spatial resolution that surpasses the current limitation.
Acoustic-hydrodynamic-flame coupling—A new perspective for zero and low Mach number flows
Authors: Pulikkottil V. V. , Sujith R. I.
Published: April 2017

A combustion chamber has a hydrodynamic field that convects the incoming fuel and oxidizer into the chamber, thereby causing the mixture to react and produce heat energy. This heat energy can, in turn, modify the hydrodynamic and acoustic fields by acting as a source and thereby, establish a positive feedback loop. Subsequent growth in the amplitude of the acoustic field variables and their eventual saturation to a limit cycle is generally known as thermo-acoustic instability. Mathematical representation of these phenomena, by a set of equations, is the subject of this paper. In contrast to the ad hoc models, an explanation of the flame-acoustic-hydrodynamic coupling, based on fundamental laws of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, is presented in this paper. In this paper, we use a convection reaction diffusion equation, which, in turn, is derived from the fundamental laws of conservation to explain the flame-acoustic coupling. The advantage of this approach is that the physical variables such as hydrodynamic velocity and heat release rate are coupled based on the conservation of energy and not based on an ad hoc model. Our approach shows that the acoustic-hydrodynamic interaction arises from the convection of acoustic velocity fluctuations by the hydrodynamic field and vice versa. This is a linear mechanism, mathematically represented as a convection operator. This mechanism resembles the non-normal mechanism studied in hydrodynamic theory. We propose that this mechanism could relate the instability mechanisms of hydrodynamic and thermo-acoustic systems. Furthermore, the acoustic-hydrodynamic interaction is shown to be responsible for the convection of entropy disturbances from the inlet of the chamber. The theory proposed in this paper also unifies the observations in the fields of low Mach number flows and zero Mach number flows. In contrast to the previous findings, where compressibility is shown to be causing different physics for zero and low Mach number flows, we show that the heat release rate can also introduce the distinction between the zero and low Mach number flows. Therefore, during the thermo-acoustic interaction, we should consider the coupling of convection modes that arise from the interaction of acoustic and hydrodynamic fields with the entropy modes.
Coincidence velocity map imaging using a single detector
Authors: Zhao Arthur , Sándor Péter , Weinacht Thomas
Published: April 2017

We demonstrate a single-detector velocity map imaging setup which is capable of rapidly switching between coincidence and non-coincidence measurements. By rapidly switching the extraction voltages on the electrostatic lenses, both electrons and ions can be collected in coincidence with a single detector. Using a fast camera as the 2D detector avoids the saturation problem associated with traditional delay line detectors and allows for easy transitions between coincidence and non-coincidence data collection modes. This is a major advantage in setting up a low-cost and versatile coincidence apparatus. We present both coincidence and non-coincidence measurements of strong field atomic and molecular ionization.
Memory effects in the velocity relaxation process of the dust particle in dusty plasma
Authors: Ghannad Z. , Hakimi Pajouh H.
Published: April 2017

In this paper, by comparing the timescales associated with the velocity relaxation and correlation time of the random force due to dust charge fluctuations, memory effects in the velocity relaxation of an isolated dust particle exposed to the random force due to dust charge fluctuations are considered, and the velocity relaxation process of the dust particle is considered as a non-Markovian stochastic process. Considering memory effects in the velocity relaxation process of the dust particle yields a retarded friction force, which is introduced by a memory kernel in the fractional Langevin equation. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem for the dust grain is derived from this equation. The mean-square displacement and the velocity autocorrelation function of the dust particle are obtained, and their asymptotic behavior, the dust particle temperature due to charge fluctuations, and the diffusion coefficient are studied in the long-time limit. As an interesting feature, it is found that by considering memory effects in the velocity relaxation process of the dust particle, fluctuating force on the dust particle can cause an anomalous diffusion in a dusty plasma. In this case, the mean-square displacement of the dust grain increases slower than linearly with time, and the velocity autocorrelation function decays as a power-law instead of the exponential decay. Finally, in the Markov limit, these results are in good agreement with those obtained from previous works on the Markov (memoryless) process of the velocity relaxation.
Observation of dual-mode, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability vortex merger in a compressible flow
Authors: Wan W. C. , Malamud G. , Shimony A. , Di Stefano C. A. , Trantham M. R. , Klein S. R. , Shvarts D. , Drake R. P. , Kuranz C. C.
Published: April 2017

We report the first observations of Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices evolving from well-characterized, dual-mode initial conditions in a steady, supersonic flow. The results provide the first measurements of the instability's vortex merger rate and supplement data on the inhibition of the instability's growth rate in a compressible flow. These experimental data were obtained by sustaining a shockwave over a foam-plastic interface with a precision-machined seed perturbation. This technique produced a strong shear layer between two plasmas at high-energy-density conditions. The system was diagnosed using x-ray radiography and was well-reproduced using hydrodynamic simulations. Experimental measurements imply that we observed the anticipated vortex merger rate and growth inhibition for supersonic shear flow.
Communication: Appearance of undershoots in start-up shear: Experimental findings captured by tumbling-snake dynamics
Authors: Stephanou Pavlos S. , Schweizer Thomas , Kröger Martin
Published: April 2017

Our experimental data unambiguously show (i) a damping behavior (the appearance of an undershoot following the overshoot) in the transient shear viscosity of a concentrated polymeric solution, and (ii) the absence of a corresponding behavior in the transient normal stress coefficients. Both trends are shown to be quantitatively captured by the bead-link chain kinetic theory for concentrated polymer solutions and entangled polymer melts proposed by Curtiss and Bird, supplemented by a non-constant link tension coefficient that we relate to the nematic order parameter. The observed phenomena are attributed to the tumbling behavior of the links, triggered by rotational fluctuations, on top of reptation. Using model parameters deduced from stationary data, we calculate the transient behavior of the stress tensor for this “tumbling-snake” model after startup of shear flow efficiently via simple Brownian dynamics. The unaltered method is capable of handling arbitrary homogeneous flows and has the promising capacity to improve our understanding of the transient behavior of concentrated polymer solutions.
Ultrafast modulation of exchange-coupling induced anisotropy in Fe/CoO by laser induced charge transfer
Authors: Zheng Z. , Li Q. , Shi J. Y. , Gu T. , Wang Z. Y. , Shen L. Q. , Jin F. , Yuan H. C. , Zhang R. J. , Chen L. Y. , Wu Y. Z. , Zhao H. B.
Published: April 2017

Optical control of magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic (FM) metals via non-thermal effects offers an intriguing route for the ultrafast magnetization control. Here, we report on strong modification of exchange-coupling induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) in Fe/CoO below the Néel temperature of CoO owing to the charge transfer excited by ultrafast laser pulses. This UMA modification by nonthermal effects is manifested as much smaller frequencies of the Fe spin precession in the initial 100-ps time range under the 400-nm pump with charge transfer excitation, compared to the 800-nm pump with pure thermal effects. From the time-dependent frequency shift under a moderate pump fluence of 0.5 mJ/cm2, we determined the magnitude of the UMA attenuation with a highest value of more than 1000 Oe in a duration of 100 ps. The strong UMA attenuation is attributed to the large suppression of the interface exchange coupling as a result of the diminishment of antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin order in CoO. Our results give insights into the ultrafast spin modulation in AFM CoO dominated by the electronic process, which can be utilized for efficient driving of the coherent spin motion in the proximate FM metal exchange coupled to CoO.
Characteristics and transport mechanisms of triple switching regimes of TaOx memristor
Authors: Lian Xiaojuan , Wang Miao , Rao Mingyi , Yan Peng , Yang J. Joshua , Miao Feng
Published: April 2017

While tantalum oxide (TaOx) memristors have shown superior multilevel switching performances and emerged as one of the leading candidates for analog memory and neuromorphic applications, its microscopic switching mechanisms at different resistance regimes remain obscure. In this work, electron transport mechanisms of TaOx memristors have been revealed by analyzing transport characteristics in three different resistance switching regimes. A quantum point contact model coupled with a first principles calculation has been validated to account for different conduction behaviors, which further sheds light on the evolution of the conducting filaments during switching processes. The high endurance observed in the low resistance switching regime is rationalized based on the observation of an enhanced instability and noise in the presence of a single conduction channel, i.e., quantum conductance G0=2e2/h.
Differentiation of V2a interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Butts Jessica C. , McCreedy Dylan A. , Martinez-Vargas Jorge Alexis , Mendoza-Camacho Frederico N. , Hookway Tracy A. , Gifford Casey A. , Taneja Praveen , Noble-Haeusslein Linda , McDevitt Todd C.
Published: April 2017

Significance

Spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly disrupts normal neural circuitry, leading to severe degradation of motor and sensory function. Excitatory interneurons that relay signals from the brain to neural networks throughout the spinal cord, including glutamatergic V2a interneurons that coordinate respiration and locomotion, are lost after SCI. Thus, transplantation of V2a interneurons after SCI could provide a novel therapy to restore functional connections between the brain and spared downstream neurons. This study describes the generation of V2a interneurons from human pluripotent stem cells, using developmentally relevant morphogenic signaling pathways. This work provides initial insight into the development of excitatory human interneurons and enables the examination of their therapeutic efficacy for SCI repair.
Latently and uninfected healthcare workers exposed to TB make protective antibodies against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Xing-xing , Wang Bin , Fu Lei , Liu Guan , Lu Yu , Cao Min , Huang Hairong , Javid Babak
Published: April 2017

Significance

It is not known whether natural immunity to TB exists or whether antibodies play an important role in immunity against infection by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb), the causative agent of TB. Here, we identify that a significant minority of healthcare workers who are exposed to high doses of Mtb make protective antibodies against infection as measured in both mouse infection and in vitro models. Some of these individuals had no prior evidence of latent TB infection, suggesting that they may represent a subset of “restrictors” who can control infection by Mtb. These results have important implications in the rational development of both protective and therapeutic vaccines against TB.
Explaining negative kin discrimination in a cooperative mammal society
Authors: Thompson Faye J. , Cant Michael A. , Marshall Harry H. , Vitikainen Emma I. K. , Sanderson Jennifer L. , Nichols Hazel J. , Gilchrist Jason S. , Bell Matthew B. V. , Young Andrew J. , Hodge Sarah J. , Johnstone Rufus A.
Published: April 2017

Significance

Kin selection theory predicts that animals will direct altruism toward closer genetic relatives and aggression toward more distantly related individuals. Our 18-y study of wild banded mongooses reveals that, unusually, dominant individuals target females who are more closely related to them for violent eviction from the group. This puzzling result can be explained by selection for unrelated individuals to resist eviction and for related individuals to submit more easily. In support of this idea, we show that kin are targeted for aggression only when individuals are capable of resisting. Our results suggest that, where potential victims can oppose aggression, the usual predictions of kin selection theory can be reversed.
Biochemical and structural characterization of oxygen-sensitive 2-thiouridine synthesis catalyzed by an iron-sulfur protein TtuA
Authors: Chen Minghao , Asai Shin-ichi , Narai Shun , Nambu Shusuke , Omura Naoki , Sakaguchi Yuriko , Suzuki Tsutomu , Ikeda-Saito Masao , Watanabe Kimitsuna , Yao Min , Shigi Naoki , Tanaka Yoshikazu
Published: April 2017

Significance

One of the posttranscriptional modifications of tRNA, 2-thiouridine (s
2
U), enhances thermostability. Although extensive studies have been conducted to understand the mechanism behind this modification, many ill-defined points remain, because the S-transfer enzyme 2-thiouridine synthetase TtuA has shown very low activity in previous in vitro experiments. Here we demonstrate that TtuA requires oxygen-labile [4Fe-4S] clusters for its activity. Furthermore, we determine the crystal structure of TtuA in complex with the Fe-S cluster and ATP analog and also with its S-donor protein, 2-thiouridine synthesis sulfur carrier protein (TtuB). The combined actions of TtuA and TtuB using the Fe-S cluster aid the S-transfer mechanism.
Astrocytes locally translate transcripts in their peripheral processes
Authors: Sakers Kristina , Lake Allison M. , Khazanchi Rohan , Ouwenga Rebecca , Vasek Michael J. , Dani Adish , Dougherty Joseph D.
Published: April 2017

Significance

Cellular compartments are specialized for particular functions. In astrocytes, the peripheral, perisynaptic processes contain proteins specialized for reuptake of neurotransmitters and ions, and have been shown to alter their morphology in response to activity. Regulated transport of a specific subset of nuclear-derived mRNAs to specific compartments is thought to support the specialization of these compartments and allow for local regulation of translation. In neurons, local translation near activated synapses is thought to generate the proteins needed for the synaptic alterations that constitute memory. We demonstrate that astrocytes also have sequence-dependent local translation in their peripheral processes, including transcripts with roles in regulating synapses, and identify one mechanism regulating this translation. These findings suggest local translation in astrocyte processes may play a role in synapse modulation.
Nucleophilic water attack is not a possible mechanism for O–O bond formation in photosystem II
Authors: Siegbahn Per E. M.
Published: April 2017

Significance

In this short paper, a detailed investigation is made of one of the leading suggestions for O–O bond formation in photosystem II. The mechanism studied is a nucleophilic attack by a water molecule on an oxyl group in the oxygen-evolving complex. The calculations show quite clearly that this type of mechanism is not possible in this case.
Differences between measured and reported volatile organic compound emissions from oil sands facilities in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Li Shao-Meng , Leithead Amy , Moussa Samar G. , Liggio John , Moran Michael D. , Wang Daniel , Hayden Katherine , Darlington Andrea , Gordon Mark , Staebler Ralf , Makar Paul A. , Stroud Craig A. , McLaren Robert , Liu Peter S. K. , O’Brien Jason , Mittermeier Richard L. , Zhang Junhua , Marson George , Cober Stewart G. , Wolde Mengistu , Wentzell Jeremy J. B.
Published: April 2017

Significance

Validation of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission reports, especially from large industrial facilities, is rarely attempted. Given uncertainties in emission reports, their evaluation and validation will build confidence in emission inventories. It is shown that a top-down approach can provide measurement-based emission rates for such emission validation. Comparisons with emission reports from Alberta oil sands surface mining facilities revealed significant differences in VOC emissions between top-down emissions rates and reports. Comparison with VOC species emission reports using currently accepted estimation methods indicates that emissions were underestimated in the reports for most species. This exercise shows that improvements in the accuracy and completeness of emissions estimates from complex facilities would enhance their application to assessing the impacts of such emissions.
Conservation and divergence of C-terminal domain structure in the retinoblastoma protein family
Authors: Liban Tyler J. , Medina Edgar M. , Tripathi Sarvind , Sengupta Satyaki , Henry R. William , Buchler Nicolas E. , Rubin Seth M.
Published: April 2017

Significance

The retinoblastoma (Rb) pocket protein and E2F transcription factor families regulate cell division and are commonly deregulated in proliferating cancer cells. An important question has been what distinguishing molecular features of Rb and its interaction with E2F result in its unique potency as a tumor suppressor relative to its homologous proteins p107 and p130. Here we identify structures in Rb, p107, and E2Fs that determine the specificity in their association. We explain binding preferences with an X-ray crystal structure of a p107–E2F5–DP1 complex, and present phylogenetic analyses that implicate coevolving protein interactions between family members as a key determinant of their evolution.
CYCLOPS reveals human transcriptional rhythms in health and disease
Authors: Anafi Ron C. , Francey Lauren J. , Hogenesch John B. , Kim Junhyong
Published: April 2017

Significance

Circadian rhythms influence most aspects of physiology and behavior. However, how do we apply this knowledge in medicine? Identifying molecular mechanisms in humans is challenging as existing large-scale datasets rarely include time of day. To address this problem, we combine understanding of periodic structure, evolutionary conservation, and unsupervised machine learning to order unordered human biopsy data along a periodic cycle. We show this works using ordered mouse and human data and that it gives consistent results when applied to populations on different continents. Then, we investigate molecular rhythms in normal human lung and liver and cancerous liver. Finally, we demonstrate proof of concept by finding the best time to administer a chemotherapeutic drug in an animal model.
Biliary epithelial injury-induced regenerative response by IL-33 promotes cholangiocarcinogenesis from peribiliary glands
Authors: Nakagawa Hayato , Suzuki Nobumi , Hirata Yoshihiro , Hikiba Yohko , Hayakawa Yoku , Kinoshita Hiroto , Ihara Sozaburo , Uchino Koji , Nishikawa Yuji , Ijichi Hideaki , Otsuka Motoyuki , Arita Junichi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kokudo Norihiro , Tateishi Keisuke , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: April 2017

Significance

Death-driven compensatory proliferation to repair tissue defects is an important promoter of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Our work using a mouse model demonstrates that a biliary epithelial injury-induced regenerative response mediated by IL-33 accelerates development of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) from peribiliary glands, an effect that was suppressed by anti–IL-33 treatment. Thus, IL-33 is a potential therapeutic target for ECC, and the mouse model reported in this study will enable identification of the mechanisms of biliary injury-based carcinogenesis.
Murine model indicates 22q11.2 signaling adaptor
CRKL
is a dosage-sensitive regulator of genitourinary development
Authors: Haller Meade , Mo Qianxing , Imamoto Akira , Lamb Dolores J.
Published: April 2017

Significance

Common deletions affecting multiple genes that cause multiple birth defects can be studied by investigating each gene’s independent role in embryonic development. This study shows that a specific gene,
CRKL,
which lies within the commonly deleted region at chromosome locus 22q11.2, is required for normal overall embryonic growth, and normal development of the kidneys and testes. Deletion of only the
Crkl
gene in mice is sufficient to cause increased incidence of birth defects commonly seen in humans who possess deletion at 22q11.2. This study shows that
CRKL
is one of the key genes whose deletion contributes to the urogenital birth defects associated with multiple-gene deletion at chromosome 22q11.2, indicating a new target for gene therapy in affected patients.
Superconductivity and non-Fermi liquid behavior near a nematic quantum critical point
Authors: Lederer Samuel , Schattner Yoni , Berg Erez , Kivelson Steven A.
Published: April 2017

Significance

It has been conjectured that many properties of highly correlated materials, including high-temperature superconductivity, may arise from proximity to a metallic quantum critical point. However, the nature of quantum critical phenomena in metals is incompletely understood. Using numerically exact quantum Monte Carlo methods, we simulated a model that can be tuned through a metallic quantum critical point and observed behaviors that are strikingly reminiscent of experiments. Among these phenomena are high-temperature superconductivity, non-Fermi liquid behavior of the electron Green function, and “bad metal” behavior of the electrical conductivity.
Numerical evidence for thermally induced monopoles
Authors: Wirnsberger Peter , Fijan Domagoj , Lightwood Roger A. , Šarić Anđela , Dellago Christoph , Frenkel Daan
Published: April 2017

Significance

Thermal gradients are ubiquitous in nature, yet relatively little is known about the forces they induce on the nanoscale. Here, we show using molecular simulations that a pair of heated/cooled colloidal particles in a dipolar solvent behaves like oppositely charged electric or magnetic monopoles, as recently suggested theoretically. In particular, we demonstrate that the field distribution induced in the solvent is in excellent agreement with the field generated by two homogeneously charged spheres in vacuum. This intriguing result advances our understanding of the complex interactions in nanoscale systems out of thermal equilibrium, opening unique possibilities for its applications in nanotechnology.
Interaction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen with PMS2 is required for MutLα activation and function in mismatch repair
Authors: Genschel Jochen , Kadyrova Lyudmila Y. , Iyer Ravi R. , Dahal Basanta K. , Kadyrov Farid A. , Modrich Paul
Published: April 2017

Significance

MutLα is required for initiation of eukaryotic mismatch repair. Inactivation of human MutLα is a cause of Lynch syndrome, a common hereditary cancer, and has also been implicated in the development of a subset of sporadic tumors. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) sliding clamp is required for activation and strand direction of the MutLα endonuclease. We show that physical interaction of the two proteins, which form a weak complex in solution, is required for MutLα activation, and have identified a hexapeptide motif within the MutLα PMS2 (PMS1 in yeast) subunit that is required for interaction with PCNA and for MutLα function in mismatch repair. These findings clarify the mechanism of MutLα activation and establish the importance of PCNA interaction in this process.
The SP100 component of ND10 enhances accumulation of PML and suppresses replication and the assembly of HSV replication compartments
Authors: Xu Pei , Roizman Bernard
Published: April 2017

Significance

Nuclear domain 10 (ND10) bodies are both sensors and responders to many viruses that infect human cells. The key components of ND10 bodies are PML and SP100. Their importance in innate immune responses to infection is underscored by the observation that numerous viruses have evolved means to degrade, disperse, or at least inactivate PML and SP100. This report focuses on SP100, which, along with PML, is degraded by a viral E3 ligase in HSV-1–infected cells. The question posed here is the function of SP100 and PML in the course of HSV infection. The results indicate that the function of SP100 is different than, but complementary to, that of PML and ranks high in the cellular defense mechanisms against infection.
The micro-politics of sequential organization
Authors: Keel Sara , Mondada Lorenza
Published: April 2017

Conversation analysis (CA) and ethnomethodology (EM) have long dealt with political talk, but this is the first thematic volume showing the continuity and diversity of EMCA studies in this field. This introduction provides an overview of early to recent EMCA contributions to the study of political talk and discusses how they developed a distinctive field of investigation and how the papers of the special issue draw on and contribute to it. The introduction also clarifies how specific sequential and categorial organizations of social interaction manifest and foster political action and participation, and are locally treated as of political importance by the participants themselves. The study of micro-politics of sequentiality focuses on the temporal, emergent, and sequential unfolding of interaction and the way its organization opens/closes possible occasions for politically relevant actions. By showing how these are established, responded and oriented to by the participants, it offers a respecification of political issues.
The interactive achievement and transformation of a “revolutionary category” – the “sans-papiers” – during public press conferences
Authors: Keel Sara
Published: April 2017

Launching a protest movement implies the establishment of a self-categorisation that sets forth the terms of its membership and its political aims from within. Claiming all members’ right to collective legalisation, immigrants without residence/working permits have constituted the “sans-papiers”/“undocumented” category to counter other-categorisations, such as “illegal immigrants” and “clandestine”, which associate the designated population with illegality, and to apply pressure for political change. This paper offers detailed analyses of the ways members of a protest movement (2001, Fribourg, Switzerland) established and used the “sans-papiers” category as official speakers during press conferences. It shows on the one hand speakers’ ingenious in situ deployment of resources offered by the press conference format for doing protest. On the other hand, it reveals speakers’ transforming categorial work that indexes inherent tensions that the setting-up of a “revolutionary category” might imply for its members when confronted to politico-institutional challenges engendered by their protest.
Mobilising the micro-political voice
Authors: McIlvenny Paul
Published: April 2017

A notable feature of the participatory communication repertoire developed by the Occupy movement is known as the “Human Microphone” or
“People’s Mic”, reminiscent of the call-and-response format of action. A collection was made of more than 160 online amateur videos
recorded at an Occupy protest site or event in which the Human Mic and the disaffiliative “mic check” were used in diverse ways. In 19
separate cases, more than one video recording was independently uploaded of the same event, thus giving a unique insight into the
constitution of participation in a collective (and yet potentially dissensual) politico-interactional space from disparate
technology-mediated spatial positions at the site. Ethnomethodological conversation analysis (EMCA) is used to analyse the social
interactional accomplishment and collective organisation of the ‘voice’ of the Human Mic, including its propagation to larger audiences
and its interdiscursive translation into new settings as a strategic tool of political communication that attempts to ‘occupy’
institutional speech.
Using Variance Structure to Quantify Responses to Perturbation in Fish Catches
Authors: Vidal Tiffany E. , Irwin Brian J. , Wagner Tyler , Rudstam Lars G. , Jackson James R. , Bence James R.
Published: April 2017

We present a case study evaluation of gill‐net catches of Walleye Sander vitreus to assess potential effects of large‐scale changes in Oneida Lake, New York, including the disruption of trophic interactions by double‐crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus and invasive dreissenid mussels. We used the empirical long‐term gill‐net time series and a negative binomial linear mixed model to partition the variability in catches into spatial and coherent temporal variance components, hypothesizing that variance partitioning can help quantify spatiotemporal variability and determine whether variance structure differs before and after large‐scale perturbations. We found that the mean catch and the total variability of catches decreased following perturbation but that not all sampling locations responded in a consistent manner. There was also evidence of some spatial homogenization concurrent with a restructuring of the relative productivity of individual sites. Specifically, offshore sites generally became more productive following the estimated break point in the gill‐net time series. These results provide support for the idea that variance structure is responsive to large‐scale perturbations; therefore, variance components have potential utility as statistical indicators of response to a changing environment more broadly. The modeling approach described herein is flexible and would be transferable to other systems and metrics. For example, variance partitioning could be used to examine responses to alternative management regimes, to compare variability across physiographic regions, and to describe differences among climate zones. Understanding how individual variance components respond to perturbation may yield finer‐scale insights into ecological shifts than focusing on patterns in the mean responses or total variability alone.

Received July 26, 2016; accepted February 28, 2017 Published online April 25, 2017
Love and Justice: a Paradox?
Authors: Gheaus Anca
Published: April 2017

Three claims about love and justice cannot be simultaneously true and therefore entail a paradox: (1) Love is a matter of justice. (2) There cannot be a duty to love. (3) All matters of justice are matters of duty. The first claim is more controversial. To defend it, I show why the extent to which we enjoy the good of love is relevant to distributive justice. To defend (2) I explain the empirical, conceptual and axiological arguments in its favour. Although (3) is the most generally endorsed claim of the three, I conclude we should reject it in order to avoid the paradox.
Potential Noncutaneous Sites of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 Persistence and Shedding in Green Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas
Authors: Page-Karjian Annie , Gottdenker Nicole L. , Whitfield Jordyn , Herbst Lawrence , Norton Terry M. , Ritchie Branson
Published: April 2017

Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), the likely etiologic agent of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP), is predicted to be unevenly distributed within an infected turtle, in which productive virus replication and virion shedding occurs in cutaneous tumor keratinocytes. In this study, we measured and compared ChHV5 DNA quantities in tumors, skin, urine, major organs, and nervous tissue samples from green turtles Chelonia mydas. These samples were taken from the carcasses of 10 juvenile green turtles with and without clinical signs of FP that stranded in Florida during 2014. Quantitative PCR for ChHV5 UL30 was used to identify ChHV5 DNA in tumors, skin, heart, kidney, nerves, and urine sampled from five out of five FP-positive and three out of five FP-free turtles. The most frequently co-occurring sites were cutaneous tumor and kidney (n = 4). Novel data presented here include the identification of ChHV5 DNA in kidney, heart, and nerve samples from three FP-free turtles. These data support candidate nontumored anatomic sites of ChHV5 DNA localization and mobilization during two different disease states that may be involved in the ChHV5 infection cycle.

Received September 8, 2016; accepted April 17, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017
Carrying their own weight: Dogs perceive changing affordances for reaching
Authors: Wagman Jeffrey B. , Langley Matthew D. , Farmer-Dougan Valeri
Published: April 2017

Choices about when to transition between two modes of behaviour are determined by the fit between action capabilities and environmental properties. However, such transitions typically occur not at the absolute limits of action capabilities but rather based on the relative stability of each mode. People transition from an arm-only to an arm-plus-torso-reach, not when object distance exceeds arm length but when the stability of reaching with the arm-plus-torso exceeds that of reaching with the arm-only. To the extent that perception is supported by detection of invariant stimulation patterns, such a transition ought to reflect both the fit between action capabilities and environmental properties and the relative stability of modes regardless of species. We investigated the height at which dogs transitioned from reaching with the head-only to rearing when wearing a weighted backpack – a manipulation expected to decrease the stability of a head-only reach. As expected, the transition occurred at taller heights for tall than for short dogs but at the same ratio of treat-height-to-shoulder-height for both groups. This transition also occurred at shorter heights and smaller ratios of treat-height-to-shoulder-height when dogs wore a weighted backpack. The results suggest that stimulation patterns that support control of behaviour may be invariant across species.
Impact of Pulsed Direct Current on Embryos, Larvae, and Young Juveniles of Atlantic Cod and its Implications for Electrotrawling of Brown Shrimp
Authors: Desender Marieke , Decostere Annemie , Adriaens Dominique , Duchateau Luc , Mortensen Atle , Polet Hans , Puvanendran Velmurugu , Verschueren Bart , Chiers Koen
Published: April 2017

The application of electrical pulses in fishing gear is considered a promising option to increase the sustainability of demersal trawl fisheries. In the electrotrawl fishery for brown shrimp Crangon crangon, an electrical field selectively induces a startle response in the shrimp. Other benthic organisms remain mainly on the seafloor and escape underneath a hovering trawl. Previous experiments have indicated that this pulse has no short-term major harmful effects on adult fish and invertebrates. However, the impact on young marine life stages is still unknown. Because brown shrimp are caught in shallow coastal zones and estuaries, which serve as important nurseries or spawning areas for a wide range of marine species, electrotrawling on these grounds could harm embryos, larvae, and juveniles. We carried out experiments with different developmental stages of Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua, which are considered vulnerable to electrical pulses. Three embryonic stages, four larval stages, and one juvenile stage of Atlantic Cod were exposed to a homogeneous electrical field of 150 Vpeak/m for 5 s, mimicking a worst-case scenario. We detected no significant differences in embryo mortality rate between control and exposed groups. However, for the embryonic stage exposed at 18 d postfertilization, the initial hatching rate was lower. Larvae that were exposed at 2 and 26 d posthatch exhibited higher mortality rates than the corresponding nonexposed control groups. In the other larval and juvenile stages, no short-term impact of exposure on survival was observed. Morphometric analysis of larvae and juveniles revealed no differences in measurements or deformations of the yolk, notochord, eye, or head. Although exposure to a worst-case electrical field did not impact survival or development for six of the eight young life stages of Atlantic Cod, the observed delayed hatching rate and decreased survival for larvae might indicate an impact of electric pulses and warrant further research.
Impact of Weekend Presentation on Short-Term Outcomes and Choice of Clipping vs Coiling in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Pandey Aditya S. , Wilkinson D. Andrew , Gemmete Joseph J. , Chaudhary Neeraj , Thompson B. Gregory , Burke James F.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Presentation on a weekend is commonly associated with higher mortality and a decreased likelihood of receiving invasive procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether weekend presentation influences mortality, discharge destination, or type of treatment received (clip vs coil) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

METHODS: We performed a serial cross-sectional retrospective study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All adult discharges with a primary diagnosis of SAH (ICD-9-CM 435) from 2005 to 2010 were included, and records with trauma or arteriovenous malformation were excluded. Unadjusted and adjusted associations between weekend presentation and 3 outcomes (in-hospital mortality, discharge destination, and treatment with clip vs coil) were estimated using chi-square tests and multilevel logistic regression.

RESULTS: A total of 46 093 admissions for nontraumatic SAH were included in the sample; 24.6% presented on a weekend, 68.9% on a weekday, and 6.5% had unknown day of presentation. Weekend admission was not a significant predictor of inpatient mortality (25.4% weekend vs 24.9% weekday; P = .44), or a combined poor outcome measure of mortality or discharge to long-term acute care or hospice (30.3% weekend vs 29.4% weekday; P = .23). Among those treated for aneurysm obliteration, the proportion of clipped vs coiled did not change with weekend vs weekday presentation (21.5% clipped with weekend presentation vs 21.6% weekday, P = .95; 21.5% coiled with weekend presentation vs 22.4% weekday, P = .19).

CONCLUSION: Presentation with nontraumatic SAH on a weekend did not influence mortality, discharge destination, or type of treatment received (clip vs coil) compared with weekday presentation.
Recent advances on the total synthesis of alkaloids in mainland China
Authors: Li Yong , Li Jian , Ding Hanfeng , Li Ang
Published: April 2017

Alkaloids are a large family of natural products that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms. Because of their intriguing structures and important functions, they have long been popular targets for synthetic organic chemists. China's chemists have made significant progress in the area of alkaloid synthesis over past decades. In this article, selected total syntheses of alkaloids from research groups in mainland China during the period 2011–16 are highlighted.
Susceptibility of Weedy Hosts from Pacific Northwest Potato Production Systems to Crop-Aggressive Isolates ofVerticillium dahliae
Authors: Frederick Z. A. , Cummings T. F. , Johnson D. A.
Published: April 2017

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a disease of dicotyledonous crops such as potato and has a wide host range and persistent, long-term survival structures called microsclerotia that can persist in soil for up to 14 years. Some V. dahliae isolates are particularly aggressive on a specific plant host while retaining the ability to infect a wide range of other hosts. Weeds can serve as hosts for V. dahliae but whether they serve as sources of inoculum for aggressive isolates of V. dahliae to crop hosts is unknown. The goal of this research was to quantify V. dahliae microsclerotia obtained from 16 weeds which were grown in the greenhouse. Potting medium was infested with one of eight V. dahliae isolates from potato, mint, sugar beet, sunflower, tomato, and watermelon. The isolates from mint and potato were aggressive on the host from which they were originally isolated. All 16 weeds were infected by at least one V. dahliae isolate, although the number of microsclerotia produced from some infections was relatively low (≤5 microsclerotia/g of dry plant). Black nightshade yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia of the V. dahliae potato isolate than any other isolate in three of four trials in the greenhouse (second trial false discovery rate, adjusted P ≤ 0.0158; third trial, P ≤ 0.0264; and fourth trial, P ≤ 0.0193). Litchi tomato yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia of the V. dahliae potato isolate than any other isolate in one of four trials (first trial, P ≤ 0.0149). A V. dahliae isolate from tomato yielded greater numbers of microsclerotia in large crabgrass and wild oat in a second trial (P ≤ 0.0158). Weeds, depending on the species, grown during and between potato crop rotations may increase the number of microsclerotia of the potato-aggressive isolates of V. dahliae.
Management of recurrent dislocation after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Swann Matthew , Estrera Kenneth
Published: April 2017

Total hip arthroplasty remains one of the most successful interventions in orthopaedic practice. However, complications can be devastating and costly. Recurrent dislocation is the most common reason for, and failure of, revision total hip arthroplasty. It is incumbent upon the treating surgeon to be familiar with up-to-date literature on patient risk stratification, surgical techniques, and implant technology to maximize successful patient outcomes and minimize instability after total hip arthroplasty and the attendant burdens to both the patient and treating institution.