bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s autistic traits and peer relationships: do non-verbal IQ and externalizing problems play a role?
Authors: Sari Novika Purnama , Luijk Maartje P. C. M. , Prinzie Peter , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Jansen Pauline W.
Published: November 2021

Background

Children with autism have difficulties in understanding relationships, yet little is known about the levels of autistic traits with regard to peer relationships. This study examined the association between autistic traits and peer relationships. Additionally, we examined whether the expected negative association is more pronounced in children with a lower non-verbal IQ and in those who exhibit more externalizing problems.

Method

Data were collected in a large prospective birth cohort of the Generation R Study (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) for which nearly 10,000 pregnant mothers were recruited between 2002 and 2006. Follow up data collection is still currently ongoing. Information on peer relationships was collected with PEERS application, an interactive computerized task (M = 7.8 years). Autistic traits were assessed among general primary school children by using the Social Responsiveness Scale (M = 6.1 years). Information was available for 1580 children.

Result

Higher levels of autistic traits predicted lower peer acceptance and higher peer rejection. The interaction of autistic traits with externalizing problems (but not with non-verbal IQ or sex) was significant: only among children with low externalizing problems, a higher level of autistic traits predicted less peer acceptance and more peer rejection. Among children exhibiting high externalizing problems, a poor peer acceptance and high level of rejection is seen independently of the level of autistic traits.

Conclusion

We conclude that autistic traits—including traits that do not classify as severe enough for a clinical diagnosis—as well as externalizing problems negatively impact young children’s peer relationships. This suggests that children with these traits may benefit from careful monitoring and interventions focused at improving peer relationships.
Testing the effects of the Shamiri Intervention and its components on anxiety, depression, wellbeing, and academic functioning in Kenyan adolescents: study protocol for a five-arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Venturo-Conerly Katherine E. , Osborn Tom L. , Wasil Akash R. , Le Huong , Corrigan Emily , Wasanga Christine , Weisz John R.
Published: November 2021

Background

Treatments for youth mental disorders are a public health priority, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where treatment options remain limited due to high cost, elevated stigma, and lack of trained mental health professionals. Brief, accessible, and non-stigmatizing community-based interventions delivered by lay providers may help address treatment needs in SSA. One such intervention, the Shamiri Intervention, consisting of three elements (growth mindset, gratitude, and value affirmation) has been tested in randomized controlled trials with school-going Kenyan adolescents. This three-element Shamiri Intervention has been shown to significantly reduce depression and anxiety symptoms and improve social support and academic performance relative to a control group. In this trial, we aim to investigate the effects of each element of the Shamiri Intervention.

Methods

In this five-arm randomized controlled trial, we will test each of the intervention components (growth mindset, gratitude, and value affirmation) against the full Shamiri Intervention and against a study skills control intervention. Students (Nplanned= 1288) at participating secondary schools who are interested in participating in this universal intervention will be randomized in equal numbers into the five groups. The students will meet in groups of 8–15 students led by local high school graduate lay providers. These lay providers will receive a brief training, plus expert supervision once a week throughout the intervention delivery. Multi-level models will be used to compare trajectories over time of the primary outcomes (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, academic performance, and wellness) and secondary outcomes in each intervention group to the control group. Multi-level models will also be used to compare trajectories over time of the primary outcomes (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, academic performance, and wellness) and secondary outcomes of participants in the single-element interventions compared to the full Shamiri Intervention. Finally, effect sizes (calculated as mean gain scores) will be used to compare all groups on all measures.

Discussion

This trial will shed light on the mechanisms and outcomes targeted by each individual intervention, helping prioritize which mental health interventions are most important to disseminate.

Trial registration

PACTR Trial ID: PACTR202104716135752. Approved on 4/19/2021.
Bilateral basal ganglia ischemia associated with COVID-19: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bhinder Khurram Khaliq , Siddiqi Ahsun Rizwan , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Maqsood Hamza , Ullah Irfan , Yousaf Zohaib
Published: November 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has a broad clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic to multi-organ dysfunction. Acute cerebrovascular events associated with coronavirus disease 2019 are mainly due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced prothrombotic state. Bilateral basal ganglia ischemia is rarely reported.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 64-year-old Asian (Pakistani) gentleman who presented initially with fever, cough, and shortness of breath, likely due to respiratory involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Later, he developed bilateral lower limb pain, followed by confusion and decreased level of consciousness. Accentuated large hypodense opacities were seen in the left and right basal ganglia, with mass effects on the left frontal horn.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates the importance of neuroimaging in the effective management of patients with neurological signs associated with coronavirus disease 2019.
Forest disturbances and the attribution derived from yearly Landsat time series over 1990–2020 in the Hengduan Mountains Region of Southwest China
Authors: Li Yating , Wu Zhenzi , Xu Xiao , Fan Hui , Tong Xiaojia , Liu Jiang
Published: November 2021

Background

Natural forests in the Hengduan Mountains Region (HDMR) have pivotal ecological functions and provide diverse ecosystem services. Capturing long-term forest disturbance and drivers at a regional scale is crucial for sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation.

Methods

We used 30-m resolution Landsat time series images and the LandTrendr algorithm on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform to map forest disturbances at an annual time scale between 1990 and 2020 and attributed causal agents of forest disturbance, including fire, logging, road construction and insects, using disturbance properties and spectral and topographic variables in the random forest model.

Results

The conventional and area-adjusted overall accuracies (OAs) of the forest disturbance map were 92.3% and 97.70% ± 0.06%, respectively, and the OA of mapping disturbance agents was 85.80%. The estimated disturbed forest area totalled 3313.13 km2 (approximately 2.31% of the total forest area in 1990) from 1990 to 2020, with considerable interannual fluctuations and significant regional differences. The predominant disturbance agent was fire, which comprised approximately 83.33% of the forest area disturbance, followed by logging (12.2%), insects (2.4%) and road construction (2.0%). Massive forest disturbances occurred mainly before 2000, and the post-2000 annual disturbance area significantly dropped by 55% compared with the pre-2000 value.

Conclusions

This study provided spatially explicit and retrospective information on annual forest disturbance and associated agents in the HDMR. The findings suggest that China’s logging bans in natural forests combined with other forest sustainability programmes have effectively curbed forest disturbances in the HDMR, which has implications for enhancing future forest management and biodiversity conservation.
An optimization procedure for the soil behavior identification using pressuremeter results
Authors: Abed Younes
Published: November 2021

The soil parameters identification procedure is usually a trade-off between sophisticated soil model behaviour and the large number of parameters to identify. Such procedure that can accomplish both of these objectives is highly desirable, but also difficult. This paper presents a methodology for identifying soil parameters that takes into account different constitutive equations. For identifying the generalized Prager model parameters, associated to the Drucker and Prager failure criterion, using an in-situ pressuremeter curve, we have proposed a procedure that is based on an approach of inverse analysis. This approach involves the minimizing the function representing the area between the experimental curve and the simulated curve, obtained by fit in the model along the in-situ loading path. A comparative study between two optimization processes is proposed. The first is based on the technique of the simplex by Nelder and Mead, while the second is based on the decomposition of the pressuremeter curve in three distinct areas. After a brief description of an existing computer program called Press-Sim, which has been written in Fortran for analyzing a cavity expansion using the finite element method, a short explanation is given about the two optimization procedures considered in this article. Then, for a chosen site where soil strength parameters are measured, the comparative study has been performed for both methods at four different depths. For the determination of the angle of friction, the two procedures yield very close values and are in a good agreement with that given by the triaxial test, while for the cohesion, they both diverge from each other on both sides of the value measured by the trial test.
Assessing the social validity of a brief dietary survey for Sri Lankan adults with a focus on gender: a qualitative study
Authors: Renzella Jessica , Fernando Santhushya , Kalupahana Buwaneka , Rayner Mike , Scarborough Peter , Townsend Nick
Published: November 2021

Background

As the World Health Organization urges countries to strengthen their noncommunicable disease monitoring and surveillance activities, setting-specific innovations are emerging. Diet – a key, modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases – is particularly challenging to capture reliably. By socially validating self-report dietary survey tools, we may be able to increase the accuracy and representativeness of data for improved population health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that impact Sri Lankan Brief Dietary Survey (a newly developed tool) and 24-h Dietary Recall participation, engagement, and social validity among Sri Lankan adults.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 93 participants (61 women and 32 men) in three Sri Lankan districts (Colombo, Kalutara, and Trincomalee). Interview data were analysed thematically and are presented as non-hierarchical thematic networks.

Results

Participants identified a number of factors that influenced their survey participation and engagement. These included the time of day interviews occur, recall ease, level of commitment required, perceived survey value, emotional response to surveys, and interviewer positionality. Many of these factors were gendered, however, both female and male participants expressed a preference for engaging with socially valid research that they felt justified their personal investment in data collection. When explicitly asked to share ideas about how to improve the surveys, many participants opted not to provide suggestions as they felt they lacked the appropriate expertise.

Conclusions

Our findings have implications for the accuracy and equity of dietary surveillance activities, and ultimately the appropriateness and effectiveness of programmes and policies informed by these data. Only through understanding how and why the target population engages with dietary research can we develop socially valid methods that assess and address the dietary risks of individuals and groups that are underrepresented by current conventions.
Is distal segment ostectomy essential for stabilization of the condylar position in patients with facial asymmetry?
Authors: Hong Ki Eun , Shin Eun Sup , Park Jun , Yun Ji Eon , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Jung Han , Kim Bok Joo
Published: November 2021

Background

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the postoperative change in the position and stability of the mandibular condyle after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and BSSRO with distal segmental ostectomy (DSO) in patients with facial asymmetry using 3D computed tomography.

Methods

The condyles of the patient diagnosed with facial asymmetry were divided into the deviated side (DS) and the non-deviated side (NDS). Group I, which was treated with BSSRO only, and Group II, which additionally received DSO along with BSSRO, were superimposed on the condyle using the pre-and postoperative 3D CT. The amount of condylar change in anteroposterior displacement, mediolateral displacement, and rotation was measured. The clinical symptoms of temporomandibular joint were also evaluated before and after surgery for each patient.

Results

Between Groups I and II, there was no statistically significant difference in the anteroposterior condylar position on both DS and NDS.

And also, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in the mediolateral change on DS but, statistically significant difference on NDS. The change in the rotation of the condyle was observed to rotate inward from both condylar heads of Groups I and II, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups on both DS and NDS. Moreover, no difference in clinical temporomandibular joint symptoms was observed after surgery in each DS and NDS condyle of the two groups.

Conclusions

As a result of analyzing the condylar position change of the group treated with BSSRO alone and the group treated with BSSRO and DSO in patients with facial asymmetry, there were statistically significant differences in the mediolateral displacement of NDS and the condyle rotation of NDS and DS. However, the anteroposterior condylar position did not show any difference in the bilateral condyles. In addition, since worsening clinical symptoms of bilateral temporomandibular joint were not observed before and after surgery in both groups, it is concluded that it is not necessary to accompany DSO in patients with facial asymmetry (minimum 3 mm, maximum 7 mm).
Ethnobotanical plants used in the management of symptoms of tuberculosis in rural Uganda
Authors: Oryema Christine , Rutaro Karlmax , Oyet Sam William , Malinga Geoffrey Maxwell
Published: November 2021

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) poses a major health security threat. Plants have traditionally been used as a source of medicine, since olden days and 80% of the communities in Africa still rely on herbal medicines for their healthcare. In many parts of Uganda, some plants have shown ethno-pharmacological prospects for the treatment of TB, and yet they have not been fully researched.

Aim

This study aimed to document plant species used traditionally by the herbalists and non-herbalist communities of Kitgum and Pader districts for managing symptoms of TB.

Methods

An ethnobotanical study was carried out in 42 randomly selected villages in Kitgum and Pader districts between August 2020 and January 2021. Information was obtained by administering semi-structured questionnaires to 176 respondents identified by snowball and random sampling methods. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF).

Results

Overall, only 27% of the respondents were knowledgeable about plants used for managing symptoms of TB. Nine plant species belonging to six families (Mimosaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae) were used to manage symptoms of TB. The most representative family was Rutaceae with three species, followed by Rubiaceae (two species) and the rest of the families were represented by one species each. The most frequently recorded species were Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst. (8.5%), Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn (6.8%) and Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.Wight (6.8%). Most of the medicinal plants were trees, and roots (69%) were the most frequently plant part used, followed by the bark (16%) and leaves (15%). The most common method of preparation was by pounding and mixing concoction with water. The administration of the concoctions was mostly done orally.

Conclusions

The results established the existence of few medicinal plants for managing symptoms of TB among the Acholi communities which could be used in developing new, effective plant-based antimycobacterial drugs. The few plants mentioned might face conservation threats due to exploitations of the roots. Phytochemical and toxicological studies are recommended to identify active compounds responsible for antimycobacterial activity.
Complete intracranial migration of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a common procedure with a rare complication
Authors: Mehtab Hammad , Khizar Ahtesham , Zahid Soha , Tebha Sameer Saleem , Irfan Maha
Published: November 2021

Background

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion is widely used in the treatment of different kinds of hydrocephalus. Shunt failure is one of the most common complications; however complete intracranial shunt migration is rarely reported.

Case presentation

We report a case of an eleven-month-old girl with complete intracranial migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (Chhabra Shunt). We removed this intracranially migrated shunt with the help of an endoscope (GAAB) and inserted a new Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (Medtronic Shunt) on the opposite side. She had a good clinical outcome.

Conclusion

Complete intracranial shunt migration is an extremely rare complication. It is likely due to raised intra-peritoneal pressure, strong head movements, and inadequate shunt fixation. The best possible approach to prevent shunt migration would be better patient handling along with appropriate operative techniques.
Semi-analytical assessment of the relative accuracy of the GNSS/INS in railway track irregularity measurements
Authors: Chen Qijin , Zhang Quan , Niu Xiaoji , Liu Jingnan
Published: November 2021

An aided Inertial Navigation System (INS) is increasingly exploited in precise engineering surveying, such as railway track irregularity measurement, where a high relative measurement accuracy rather than absolute accuracy is emphasized. However, how to evaluate the relative measurement accuracy of the aided INS has rarely been studied. We address this problem with a semi-analytical method to analyze the relative measurement error propagation of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and INS integrated system, specifically for the railway track irregularity measurement application. The GNSS/INS integration in this application is simplified as a linear time-invariant stochastic system driven only by white Gaussian noise, and an analytical solution for the navigation errors in the Laplace domain is obtained by analyzing the resulting steady-state Kalman filter. Then, a time series of the error is obtained through a subsequent Monte Carlo simulation based on the derived error propagation model. The proposed analysis method is then validated through data simulation and field tests. The results indicate that a 1 mm accuracy in measuring the track irregularity is achievable for the GNSS/INS integrated system. Meanwhile, the influences of the dominant inertial sensor errors on the final measurement accuracy are analyzed quantitatively and discussed comprehensively.
Effect of long-term administration of clonazepam, carbamazepine, and valproate on cognitive, psychological, and personality changes in adult epilepsy: a case–control study
Authors: Ahmed Gellan K. , Elbeh Khaled , Elserogy Yasser , Mostafa Sayed
Published: November 2021

Background

Epilepsy can be treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) which may have psychiatric and behavioral side effects. Additionally, the availability of new AEDs has increased, and our understanding of variability to combinations of several AEDs has evolved. Based on the treatment outcomes of carbamazepine, valproate, and clonazepam, this study aims to compare the cognitive function, personality, and psychological issues associated with these drugs and evaluate seizure-related factors related to them. Only 139 participants were included. Clonazepam was used as an add-on antiepileptic drug. Participants were categorized into five groups: group 1, carbamazepine; group 2, valproate; group 3, carbamazepine and clonazepam; group 4, valproate and clonazepam; and group 5, epileptic patients without AED. All participants were assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Structured Interview for the Five-Factor Personality Model (SIFFM), Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2).

Results

In the WAIS, group 1 had the worst mean of verbal intelligence quotient (IQ). Moreover, group 3 was more vulnerable in symptomatic response in all subscales of MMPI-2 except the masculinity–femininity subscale and a high percentage in moderate severity of anxiety and depression in the Hamilton scales.

Conclusions

The use of clonazepam and carbamazepine might increase the incidence of behavioral problems especially increased severity of anxiety and depression and decreased performance IQ compared with either clonazepam or carbamazepine alone. Moreover, patients with carbamazepine treatment might have more personality changes and lowered verbal IQ than others.
Aspects of Large-Enrollment Online College Science Courses That Exacerbate and Alleviate Student Anxiety
Authors: Mohammed Tasneem F. , Nadile Erika M. , Busch Carly A. , Brister Danielle , Brownell Sara E. , Claiborne Chade T. , Edwards Baylee A. , Wolf Joseph Gazing , Lunt Curtis , Tran Missy , Vargas Cindy , Walker Kobe M. , Warkina Tamiru D. , Witt Madison L. , Zheng Yi , Cooper Katelyn M.
Published: November 2021

This study of 2111 undergraduates examined the impact of online science courses on their anxiety. More than 50% of students reported experiencing at least moderate anxiety in online science courses. Aspects of online learning that increase and decrease anxiety are identified, and actions that instructors can take to lessen anxiety in online science courses are offered.
Near-infrared imaging in fission yeast using a genetically encoded phycocyanobilin biosynthesis system
Authors: Sakai Keiichiro , Kondo Yohei , Fujioka Hiroyoshi , Kamiya Mako , Aoki Kazuhiro , Goto Yuhei
Published: November 2021

Near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) is a bright and stable fluorescent protein with near-infrared excitation and emission maxima. Unlike the other conventional fluorescent proteins, iRFP requires biliverdin (BV) as a chromophore. Here, we report that phycocyanobilin (PCB) functions as a brighter chromophore for iRFP than BV, and that biosynthesis of PCB allows live-cell imaging with iRFP in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We initially found that fission yeast cells did not produce BV and therefore did not show any iRFP fluorescence. The brightness of iRFP–PCB was higher than that of iRFP–BV both in vitro and in fission yeast. We introduced SynPCB2.1, a PCB biosynthesis system, into fission yeast, resulting in the brightest iRFP fluorescence. To make iRFP readily available in fission yeast, we developed an endogenous gene tagging system with iRFP and all-in-one integration plasmids carrying the iRFP-fused marker proteins together with SynPCB2.1. These tools not only enable the easy use of multiplexed live-cell imaging in fission yeast with a broader color palette, but also open the door to new opportunities for near-infrared fluorescence imaging in a wider range of living organisms.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Carbon and Nitrogen cycling in agricultural lands
Authors: Σταμάτη Φωτεινή
Published: November 2021

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να συμβάλει στην βελτίωση της κατανόησης των μηχανισμών που εμπλέκονται στον κύκλο των θρεπτικών και της οργανικής ύλης στα εδάφη και να παράσχει εργαλεία τα οποία μπορούν να βοηθήσουν ως προς την βιώσιμη λειτουργικότητα της κρίσιμης ζώνης του εδάφους. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, τα επιστημονικά ζητήματα που ερευνώνται στην παρούσα εργασία μπορούν να συνοψιστούν στα παρακάτω:- Ανάπτυξη μεθοδολογίας για την προσομοίωση του άνθρακα στα εδάφη: Ανάπτυξη και αξιολόγηση με δεδομένα πεδίου μεθοδολογίας για την εκτίμηση της τιμής των παραμέτρων του μοντέλου RothC, μέσω της χρήσης δεδομένων πεδίου που προκύπτουν από μεθόδους διαχωρισμού της ΕΟΥ σε διάφορα φυσικά κλάσματα που σχετίζονται με τις δεξαμενές προσομοίωσης του μοντέλου για την αρχικοποίηση και βαθμονόμηση του μοντέλου, αξιολόγηση της μοναδικότητας της βέλτιστης λύσης, ανάλυση ευαισθησίας και ποσοτικοποίηση της αβεβαιότητας στα αποτελέσματα του μοντέλου.- Δοκιμή σε διαφορετικά κλίματα (κλιματική διαβάθμιση): Μοντελοποίηση με χρήση της αναπτυχθείσας μεθοδολογίας των αλλαγών των αποθεμάτων του οργανικού άνθρακα σε εδάφη με φυσική βλάστηση που έχουν μετατραπεί σε καλλιεργήσιμα σε διαφορετικά κλίματα ανά τον κόσμο, ανάλυση ευαισθησίας και ποσοτικοποίηση της αβεβαιότητας στα αποτελέσματα του μοντέλου.- Ανάπτυξη μοντέλου για την προσομοίωση της δομής των εδαφών: Ανάπτυξη και αξιολόγηση με δεδομένα πεδίου συνδυαστικού μοντέλου για τον οργανικό άνθρακα, τα συσσωματώματα και τη δομή του εδάφους, βάσει της υπάρχουσας επιστημονικής γνώσης στην σχετική βιβλιογραφία αναφορικά με τον προτεινόμενο μηχανισμό σχηματισμού των μακρο-συσσωματωμάτων γύρω από το σωματιδιακό φυτικό οργανικό υλικό που εισέρχεται στα εδάφη και κατά την διάσπασή τους απελευθερώνονται μικρο-συσσωματώματα.- Αξιολόγηση της κατάστασης των εδαφών της λεκάνης απορροής του ποταμού Κοιλιάρη, ένα από τα διεθνή παρατηρητήρια της κρίσιμης ζώνης του εδάφους: Αξιολόγηση της κατάστασης των εδαφών με την επιλογή των κατάλληλων εδαφικών παραμέτρων έπειτα από στατιστική επεξεργασία και ποσοτικοποίηση των επιπτώσεων της υπερβόσκησης, των αλλαγών χρήσης γης και των κλιματικών αλλαγών στην βιοχημική ποιότητα των εδαφών και την ποιότητα των υδάτων.
Reputation management at the Russian University: problems and solutions
Authors: Reznik Semen , Yudina Tat'yana
Published: November 2021

The monograph presents new research results on key aspects of the university's reputation management. Theoretical approaches to the study of reputation and reputational responsibility, reputation capital and reputational risks of a higher educational institution within the framework of reputation management are highlighted, an assessment of the state and problems of the university's reputation management development is given. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of reputation management in Russian universities are proposed: the development of a reputation management system, including the university's reputation responsibility system and technologies for its formation, methods of managing reputation capital and reputational risks of the university.
It is of interest to university leaders of various levels of management, university teaching staff, as well as for anyone who studies the problem under consideration. In addition, it will be useful for students of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of training "Management" and "Personnel Management".
Jezus i Samarytanka (J 4,1-42): spotkanie pragnień. Uwagi na kanwie Super Evangelium S. Ioannis Lectura św. Tomasza z Akwinu
Authors: Mróz Mirosław
Published: November 2021

Święty Tomasz z Akwinu wśród komentowanych tekstów biblijnych pochyla się także nad Ewangelią św. Jana. Fragment, który stanowi podstawę niniejszego artykułu, omawia spotkanie Jezusa z Samarytanką przy studni jakubowej. Bazuje na rozdziale czwartym Tomaszowego komentarza Super Evangelium S. Ioannis Lectura (J 4,1-42; n. 549-663). Tekst biblijny zostaje odczytany w kontekście boskich i ludzkich pragnień: pragnienia zbawienia wszystkich ludzi, odwzajemnionej miłości, daru łaski Ducha Świętego, oczyszczenia z uwikłania w grzech, poznania prawdy o Bogu i o sobie. Dzięki darowi łaski Ducha Świętego, czyli „wodzie żywej”, człowiek może wzrastać w prawdziwych pragnieniach, a także oczyścić swoje serce z uwikłania w namiętności i grzeszne żądze. Cała rozległa tematyka ludzkich uczuć i pożądań, która znajdzie swoje systematyczne rozwinięcie w tekstach Sumy teologii czy De veritate, posiada ugruntowane podstawy biblijne. Tomaszowa egzegeza, swój przyszły potencjał teologii i antropologii uczuć, zakotwicza tutaj w metaforach biblijnych i sensie duchowym.
The Blame Game: Narratives of Electoral Defeat and Party Change. The Case of Four Polish Political Parties
Authors: Bachryj-Krzywaźnia Maciej
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the article is to present party elites’ narratives about electoral defeat in order to identify characteristics of the narratives which may inhibit or facilitate party change. The opening sections explain theoretical approach and methodology adopted for the research. The next paragraphs reconstruct and compare narratives of four Polish political parties, which experienced electoral defeat in 2011 and 2015 parliamentary elections, and give a psychological explanation for their emergence. As a result, four narrative strategies were identified of which only one seems to have potential to facilitate party change. Its distinctive feature is internalization of blame, whereas the others reveal tendency to denial or personalize and externalize blame.
Rat skin inflammation markers change in response to calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid administration
Authors: Larkina S. , Seletskaya A. , Makarenko O. , Vastyanov R.
Published: November 2021

In the research, the level of some markers of skin inflammation in Wistar rats was examined after injection of calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid drugs of various concentrations, where the nature, degree, extent of tissue damage and the general condition of the animals in general were close to humans’. Each drug was evaluated according to several indicators (MDA content, activity of neutrophil elastase, acid phosphatase, and catalase) to understand the measure of the adequacy of the body's response to the intensity of the stimulus.

A biochemical analysis of the skin of laboratory rats after the injection of the studied drugs showed that the safest drugs contain nonstabilized 4% hyaluronic acid. Either in pure form or in a 1: 1 mixture with calcium hydroxyapatite at a concentration of 55.7%, since in 2 months after their injection in the skin of experimental animals, markers of inflammation (elastase, acid phosphatase and MDA levels), catalase and API activity were found at the normal level.

The injection of drugs containing stabilized 2% hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite 55.7%, as well as stabilized 2.6% hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite at a concentration of 1% caused prolonged LPO activation, increased level of inflammation markers and decreased API.

The injection of calcium hydroxyapatite drugs without hyaluronic acid, even at a 1: 1 dilution with saline, also caused prolonged LPO activation, an increased level of inflammation markers and a decreased API, and, in addition, revealed a significant increase in acid phosphatase activity, which is an indicator of the integrity of cell membranes.

The obtained results made it possible to analyze the features of the molecular response and regulation of inflammation upon injection of calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid drugs of different concentrations, which will help in prescribing of treatment.
Peculiarities of changes in a functional condition of pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems in guinea pigs’ lungs in experimental allergic alveolitis under the conditions of immobilization stress
Authors: Kryvko Yurij , Soguiko Yurij , Hot Iryna , Antonenko Yuliia , Baida Mariana , Kovalska Marta
Published: November 2021

We have analyzed the results of investigation of alterations in indices of pro-oxidant (conjugated diene and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, catalase) systems in guinea pigs’ lungs in experimental allergic alveolitis in the dynamics of EAA development under the conditions of immobilization stress. The investigation was conducted on 62 female guinea pigs weighing 180-220 g, divided into 4 groups: I – intact guinea pigs (n=20), II – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (1st day); III – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (2nd day); IV – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (64th day). The results of experimental investigation showed that a significant increase in conjugated diene level in animals’ lungs was observed at all stages of EAA development under the conditions of immobilization stress as compared with control group, indicating activation of this marker. The same changes occurred with MDA content, indicating excessive accumulation of this lipid peroxidation product in lung tissue. Intensive synthesis of free radical compounds caused activation of some components of enzymatic system of antioxidant defense. In particular, a moderate decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissue is observed in response to increased level of LOPs at early stages of EAA and immobilization stress development as compared with the indices in intact animals. The same situation is observed with catalase and ceruloplasmin activity in the lungs of guinea pigs with modeled AA and IS.
From Lock-In to Transformation: A Path-Centric Theory of Emerging Technology and Organizing
Authors: Pentland Brian T. , Yoo Youngjin , Recker Jan , Kim Inkyu
Published: November 2021

We offer a path-centric theory of emerging technology and organizing that addresses a basic question. When does emerging technology lead to transformative change? A path-centric perspective on technology focuses on the patterns of actions afforded by technology in use. We identify performing and patterning as self-reinforcing mechanisms that shape patterns of action in the domain of emerging technology and organizing. We use a dynamic simulation to show that performing and patterning can lead to a wide range of trajectories, from lock-in to transformation, depending on how emerging technology in use influences the pattern of action. When emerging technologies afford new actions that can be flexibly recombined to generate new paths, decisive transformative effects are more likely. By themselves, new affordances are not likely to generate transformation. We illustrate this theory with examples from the practice of pharmaceutical drug discovery. The path-centric perspective offers a new way to think about generativity and the role of affordances in organizing.
Nonlinear Traffic Prediction as a Matrix Completion Problem with Ensemble Learning
Authors: Li Wenqing , Yang Chuhan , Jabari Saif Eddin
Published: November 2021

This paper addresses the problem of short-term traffic prediction for signalized traffic operations management. Specifically, we focus on predicting sensor states in high-resolution (second-by-second). This contrasts with traditional traffic forecasting problems, which have focused on predicting aggregated traffic variables, typically over intervals that are no shorter than five minutes. Our contributions can be summarized as offering three insights: first, we show how the prediction problem can be modeled as a matrix completion problem. Second, we use a block-coordinate descent algorithm and demonstrate that the algorithm converges in sublinear time to a block coordinate-wise optimizer. This allows us to capitalize on the “bigness” of high-resolution data in a computationally feasible way. Third, we develop an ensemble learning (or adaptive boosting) approach to reduce the training error to within any arbitrary error threshold. The latter uses past days so that the boosting can be interpreted as capturing periodic patterns in the data. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed theoretically and tested empirically using both simulated data and a real-world high-resolution traffic data set from Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Our experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Analysis and simulation of a hybrid visible-light/infrared optical wireless network for IoT applications
Authors: Kamalakis Thomas , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Zvanovec Stanislav , Nero Alves Luis
Published: November 2021

We analyze the performance of a hybrid visible-light/infrared optical wireless communications network for indoor Internet-of-Things applications. This approach can be used to connect multiple battery-powered sensor nodes using low-cost infrared light emitting diodes to transmit data to a master node located on the ceiling of a room. The master node uses visible light communications to send back an acknowledgment and coordinate the transmission. We present a detailed model for simulating the communications layer and energy usage, which is implemented in Python and is available under an open-source license. The results indicate the suitability of this approach for sporadically transmitting low data rate signals containing sensor readings in line with the massive machine-type communication fifth generation applications.
Analyzing broadband tunable metamaterial absorbers by using the symmetry model
Authors: Xiong Han , Yang Qiang , Huang Zhen-Cang , Peng Wen-Xiong , Zhang Huai-qing
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a broadband tunable absorber based on bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) in the far-infrared regime is studied. By optimizing the Femi energy and geometric size, the structure can achieve absorption levels greater than 90% in the 8.11-13.94 THz range, with a total thickness of 5.1 µm. Further, the bandwidth of this proposed absorber can be dynamically controlled by changing the Femi energy of the BDS instead of geometry. Meanwhile, the polarization and oblique incident angles in the TE and TM electromagnetic waves are also investigated. Finally, a new symmetry model is adopted to analyze the absorption mechanism, which is the innovation of this paper. This research result may provide potential applications for all types of optical photovoltaic devices and tunable biological chemistry sensors.
Diamond-based dielectric laser acceleration
Authors: Chlouba Tomas , Shiloh Roy , Forsberg Pontus , Hamberg Mathias , Karlsson Mikael , Kozák Martin , Hommelhoff Peter
Published: November 2021

The field of dielectric laser accelerators (DLA) garnered a considerable interest in the past six years as it offers novel opportunities in accelerator science and potentially transformative applications. Currently, the most widespread approach considers silicon-based structures due to their low absorption and high refractive index in the infrared spectral region and the well-developed silicon processing technology. In this paper we investigate a diamond as an alternative to silicon, mainly due to its considerably higher damage threshold. In particular, we find that our diamond grating allows a three times higher acceleration gradient (60 MeV/m) compared to silicon gratings designed for a similar electron energy. Using more complex geometries, GeV/m acceleration gradients are within reach for subrelativistic electrons.
Macroscopic quantum coherence in a spinning optomechanical system
Authors: Jin Lei , Peng Jia-Xin , Yuan Qi-Zhang , Feng Xun-Li
Published: November 2021

We investigate the various macroscopic quantum coherences including one-, two- and three-mode ones in a spinning whispering-gallery-mode resonator system and examine how the input laser power, the coupling strength of the optical modes, the rotating angular velocity, and the optical and mechanical decay rates influence them. We find in two- and three-mode quantum coherences the one-mode quantum coherences play a main role. We also find that the quantum coherences in the spinning system are nonreciprocal, they monotonically increase as the rotating angular velocity increases when the driving direction of the laser field is consistent with the rotation direction of the resonator, otherwise they reduce monotonically.
Magnetic field sensing based on multi-order resonances of atomic spins
Authors: Yang Hongying , Wang Qian , Zhao Binbin , Li Lin , Zhai Yueyang , Han Bangcheng , Tang Feng
Published: November 2021

Broad-dynamic-range magnetometers are demanded in practical applications and fundamental research. We experimentally demonstrate a parametrically modulated atomic magnetometer with a large dynamic range by taking advantage of the high-order resonance effects. With the increase of the strength of the modulation field, both low-order and high-order resonances are well resolved and used to measure the DC or AC magnetic fields. The experimentally demonstrated sensitivity of the magnetometer based on the zeroth-order resonance is

1.5
 

pT

/

Hz

, and those based on the high-order resonances are below

3
 

pT

/

Hz

, making the measurement of high magnetic fields feasible under an open-loop operation. Moreover, we also demonstrated the measurement of high-frequency large AC magnetic field with the high-order resonances, and the sensitivity for the AC magnetic field based on the first-order resonance is

7
 

pT

/

Hz

. Our scheme provides a new path for the development of broad-dynamic-range and miniaturized atomic magnetometers.
High resolution graphene angle sensor based on ultra-narrowband optical perfect absorption
Authors: Chen Yiming , Fan Yansong , Zhang Zhengzhuo , Zhu Zhihong , Liu Ken , Zhang Jianfa , Xu Wei , Yuan Xiaodong , Guo Chucai
Published: November 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate high resolution angle sensors based on ultra-narrowband graphene perfect absorbers. Perfect absorption at wavelength of 1452.8 nm with absorption bandwidth of 0.8 nm is numerically demonstrated for a designed angle sensor based on single graphene absorber at normal incidence, and the angular width of the resonant absorption is only 0.05°. In the experiment, peak absorption over 95% with bandwidth about 2.8 nm is measured at normal incidence for a fabricated graphene sensor, and the device has a wavelength-angle sensitivity over 17 nm per degree which agrees well with the simulation result. Meanwhile, an optoelectronic angle sensor with high resolution and fast response by using an array of graphene absorbers is proposed. The demonstrated graphene angle sensors with ultra compact size and high resolution could be of valuable applications in many fields.
Elimination of the PMD related delay jitter in a fiber stretcher based ultra-stable microwave signal distribution system
Authors: Wang Xi , Wei Wei , Weng Xiyi , Wang Danyang , Wei Jiawang , Xie Weilin , Dong Yi
Published: November 2021

We realize an ultra-stable microwave signal distribution system based on an optical phase-locked loop. The transmission delay jitter is accurately compensated with a piezoelectric fiber stretcher (PFS). For further eliminating the additional delay jitter originated from the polarization changes during the PFS stretching, we propose an orthogonal-polarized round-trip PFS structure. The transmission delay jitter of 24 GHz signals distributed to multiple remote ends using the proposed and the traditional PFS scheme are carefully compared and quantitively analyzed under various fiber types and lengths. With the proposed PFS structure, the relative delay jitter of two transmitted signals are decreased from 291.4 fs to merely 17.7 fs even via 200 m polarization maintaining fiber with considerable polarization mode dispersion, showing its remarkable superiority. This microwave signal distribution system can find its versatile applications in radio astronomy where multiple ultra-high relative stable microwave signals are highly desired in different locations.
Measurement of multiple phase maps for wide-area aberration correction by switchable optical configuration
Authors: Park Kwanjun , Kong Taedong , Yang Taeseok Daniel , Choi Youngwoon
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate a method of aberration correction for a wide field of view (FOV). To handle spatially varying aberrations, we divide the imaging FOV into multiple segments and determine the associated multiple phase maps (MPMs) that can compensate for the blurry focus. After applying the MPMs to the corresponding segment of the aberrated image, the entire field of view is recovered by recombining all of the image segments. The remaining spatial distortion is subsequently rectified using an inverse geometrical transformation (IGT) that can flatten the curved image space. To obtain information for aberration correction, our setup is designed to have a switchable configuration so that the MPMs and the IGT can be obtained by imaging the Fourier plane and the image plane, respectively. With these sequential processes, we can obtain an aberration-free image over an area of 937×937 µm2 at a microscopic resolution. In comparison, the degradation of the uniformity of the Strehl ratio over the entire FOV is 2.09 times lower than when using only a single PM. Because our method utilizes reflection geometry, it can potentially be used to mitigate the effect of aberrations in many existing imaging modalities.
Deep learning-based quantitative optoacoustic tomography of deep tissues in the absence of labeled experimental data
Authors: Li Jiao , Wang Cong , Chen Tingting , Lu Tong , Li Shuai , Sun Biao , Gao Feng , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: November 2021

Deep learning (DL) shows promise for quantitating anatomical features and functional parameters of tissues in quantitative optoacoustic tomography (QOAT), but its application to deep tissue is hindered by a lack of ground truth data. We propose DL-based “QOAT-Net,” which functions without labeled experimental data: a dual-path convolutional network estimates absorption coefficients after training with data-label pairs generated via unsupervised “simulation-to-experiment” data translation. In simulations, phantoms, and ex vivo and in vivo tissues, QOAT-Net affords quantitative absorption images with high spatial resolution. This approach makes DL-based QOAT and other imaging applications feasible in the absence of ground truth data.
Lensless Fourier-transform terahertz digital holography for real-time full-field phase imaging
Authors: Zhang Yaya , Zhao Jie , Wang Dayong , Wang Yunxin , Rong Lu
Published: November 2021

With the development of continuous-wave terahertz (THz) sources and array detectors, the pursuit of high-fidelity real-time imaging is receiving significant attention within the THz community. Here, we report a real-time full-field THz phase imaging approach based on lensless Fourier-transform THz digital holography. A triangular interferometric layout is proposed based on an oblique illumination of 2.52 THz radiation, which is different from other lensless holographic configurations at other frequencies. A spherical reference beam is generated by a reflective parabolic mirror with minor propagation loss. The complex-valued images are reconstructed using a single inverse Fourier transform of the hologram without complex calculation of the diffraction propagation. The experimental result for a Siemens star validates the lateral resolution of

∼
346
  
μm

in the diagonal direction. Sub-pixel image registration and image stitching algorithms are applied to enlarge the area of the reconstructed images. The dehydration process of an aquatic plant leaf (Hottonia inflata) is monitored for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, at the THz band. Rapid variations in water content and morphology are measured with a time interval of 0.6 s and a total time of 5 min from a series of reconstructed amplitude and phase images, respectively. The proposed method has the potential to become a powerful tool to investigate spontaneous phenomena at the THz band.