bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population structure and habitat use of baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) in the Blyde Canyon Nature Reserve
Authors: Marais A.J. , Brown L.R. , Barrett L. , Henzi S.P.
Published: August 2012

Baboons are highly intelligent and ecologically flexible animals with attributes that allow them to exploit diverse habitats. As a result of their dietary flexibility they often exploit human habitats, causing damage to crops and forest plantations as well as to human dwellings. In the South African context this has led to baboons being regarded as problem animals and attempted extirpation is the most common approach to the damage they cause. This perception of and attitude toward baboons gives many conservationists cause for concern since all southern African cercopithecine primates are CITES listed and it has not been proven that this strategy is the best long-term solution. As part of a research programme focusing on the damage done by chacma baboons in pine plantations along the Drakensberg escarpment in Mpumalanga, a single troop in the Blyde Canyon Nature Reserve was studied to describe their patterns of habitat use. Vegetation and habitat surveys were conducted within the home range of the troop. The troop was habituated and each member’s activity, location and food items utilised were recorded over a 12 month period. The results of this study indicate that baboons utilised plant communities based on food production and availability rather than size in hectares. The results also indicate that the group size, foraging and food search strategies of this troop resembles that of the Drakensberg troops previously studied. The study troop employs two different forage modes of engagement depending on where they choose to forage while they avoid utilising an easily accessible pine plantation. Due to the troop’s long inter-birth intervals it is likely that the current forestry practice of extirpation may have a negative influence on baboon population viability in these areas.
The quality and effectiveness of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as a decision-aiding tool for national park expansion—the greater Addo Elephant National Park case study
Authors: Retief F.
Published: August 2012

Internationally South Africa is regarded as a leading developing country in the application of SEA. Research also indicates that the conservation sector within South Africa has been particularly prominent in exploring its application. However, very little empirical research has been conducted to learn from practice and to establish the added value of SEA to strategic decision making. To address this gap in knowledge the paper explores the input quality and output effectiveness of the greater Addo Elephant National Park SEA. The results show that the SEA achieved average to good input quality and output effectiveness performance, respectively. A number of lessons were learned for the application of SEA to future park expansion initiatives. These relate to the timing of the SEA, addressing social impacts, setting of boundaries as well as dealing with scale. The research results concluded that SEA made valuable contributions to decision making and could be considered an important decision-aiding tool for the conservation sector. To take the debate forward and to benchmark best practice it is proposed that further comparative performance evaluation research of multiple SEA case studies within the conservation sector be conducted.
A second outbreak of anthrax amongst game animals in the Kruger National Park. 5th June to 11th October, 1960.
Authors: Pienaar Ph.D., U. De V.
Published: August 2012

A second outbreak of anthrax amongst game animals in the Kruger National Park. 5th June to 11th October, 1960.
Observations on the migration and habits of the antelopes of the Kalahari Gemsbok Park
Authors: Eloff Prof. F. C.
Published: August 2012

Observations on the migration and habits of the antelopes of the Kalahari Gemsbok Park
Two new genera of Myridae from South Africa (Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera)
Authors: Annecke D. P.
Published: August 2012

Published with the permission of the Secretary for Agriculture.
The mammals occurring in the Bredasdorp and Swellendam districts, C.P since European settlement
Authors: Bateman, James A.
Published: August 2012

Including a list comparing the types in these districts with those of the Cradock and Uitenhage Districts, C.P.
A supplementary check-list of plants recorded in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Brynard M.Sc., A. M.
Published: August 2012

A supplementary check-list of plants recorded in the Kruger National Park
Major Vegetation Types of the Soutpansberg Conservancy and the Blouberg Nature Reserve, South Africa
Authors: Mostert Theo H.C. , Bredenkamp George J. , Klopper Hannes L. , Verwey Cornie , Mostert Rachel E. , Hahn Norbert
Published: August 2012

The Major Megetation Types (MVT) and plant communities of the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism are described in detail, with special reference to the Soutpansberg Conservancy and the Blouberg Nature Reserve. Phytosociological data from 442 sample plots were ordinated using a DEtrended CORrespondence ANAlysis (DECORANA) and classified using TWo-Way INdicator SPecies ANalysis (TWINSPAN). The resulting classification was further refined with table-sorting procedures based on the Braun–Blanquet floristic–sociological approach of vegetation classification using MEGATAB. Eight MVT’s were identified and described as Eragrostis lehmanniana var. lehmanniana–Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra Blouberg Northern Plains Bushveld, Euclea divinorum–Acacia tortilis Blouberg Southern Plains Bushveld, Englerophytum magalismontanum–Combretum molle Blouberg Mountain Bushveld, Adansonia digitata–Acacia nigrescens Soutpansberg Arid Northern Bushveld, Catha edulis–Flueggia virosa Soutpansberg Moist Mountain Thickets, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon–Burkea africana Soutpansberg Leached Sandveld, Rhus rigida var. rigida–Rhus magalismontanum subsp. coddii Soutpansberg Mistbelt Vegetation and Xymalos monospora–Rhus chirendensis Soutpansberg Forest Vegetation.
Invasive alien freshwater snail species in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: De Kock Kenné N. , Wolmarans Cornelius T.
Published: August 2012

An account is given of all invasive alien freshwater snail species samples found in the Kruger National Park currently on record in the National Freshwater Snail Collection(NFSC) database. This report mainly focuses on samples collected during surveys of selected water bodies in the Kruger National Park (KNP) during 1964, 1995, 2001 and 2006. The progress made by four alien invasive freshwater snail species, Lymnaea columella, Physa acuta, Aplexa marmorata and Tarebia granifera, in colonising water bodies since first being recorded in the KNP is addressed. The results clearly show that all four species are in the process of becoming more widespread than they were when first recorded. However, T. granifera is the only one of these species of which exceptionally dense populations were encountered in several water bodies. All indications are that this species could already have had a negative impact on the species diversity of molluscs in these water bodies, and it is recommended that the situation be closely monitored.
A checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Polokwane Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Dippenaar Susan M. , Dippenaar-Schoeman Ansie S. , Modiba Mogadi A. , Khoza Thembile T.
Published: August 2012

As part of the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA), spiders were collected from all the field layers in the Polokwane Nature Reserve (Limpopo Province, South Africa) over a period of a year (2005–2006) using four collecting methods. Six habitat types were sampled: Acacia tortillis open savanna; A. rehmanniana woodland, false grassland, riverine and sweet thorn thicket, granite outcrop; and Aloe marlothii thicket. A total of 13 821 spiders were collected (using sweep netting, tree beating, active searching and pitfall trapping) represented by 39 families, 156 determined genera and 275 species. The most diverse families are the Thomisidae (42 spp.), Araneidae (39 spp.) and Salticidae (29 spp.). A total of 84 spp. (30.5%) were web builders and 191 spp. (69.5%) wanderers. In the Polokwane Nature Reserve, 13.75% of South African species are presently protected.
Vegetation of the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion, South Africa. Part 1: Fynbos Biome related vegetation
Authors: Van der Merwe Helga , Van Rooyen Margaretha W. , Van Rooyen Noel
Published: August 2012

The Succulent Karoo Hotspot stretches along the western side of the Republic of South Africa and Namibia. A lack of botanical information on the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld area of the Succulent Karoo Hotspot was identified during the SKEP (Succulent Karoo Ecosystem Plan) process. A grant from CEPF (Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund) funded a study to produce a vegetation map of the area to serve as baseline for ecosystem management.Vegetation surveys were conducted over an area of more than three million hectares from August to October 2004. Two major floristic units were identified, namely the Fynbos Biome related (Mountain Renosterveld) and Succulent Karoo Biome related units. An analysis of the floristic data of the predominantly Mountain Renosterveld vegetation unit is presented in this paper. Three associations were identified, which were subdivided into nine subassociations, one of which contains four variants. The vegetation units are described in terms of their species composition and their relationships with the physical environment. A vegetation map is provided depicting the geographical distribution of the different vegetation types. The main threat to the vegetation of the region identified by the farming community was a lack of infrastructure.
The vegetation and floristics of the Nkhuhlu Exclosures, Kruger National Park
Authors: Siebert Frances , Eckhardt Holger C.
Published: August 2012

The need to conduct research on the impact of elephant on the environment prompted the construction of exclosures along two of the most important rivers in the Kruger National Park. Scientific research on these exclosures along the Sabie and Letaba rivers addresses how patterns of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the riparian zone are affected by fire, flood and herbivory. To further assist this research programme, a vegetation survey was conducted at the Nkhuhlu exclosure site along the Sabie River to classify and map the vegetation of the area. This will provide baseline data to assess future changes in vegetation and floristic patterns due to small-scale environmental factors created by the presence/absence of herbivory and fire. Phytosociological data were analysed to identify plant communities and subsequent mapping units. Five plant communities, ten sub-communities and four variants were recognised and described in relation to prevailing soil forms. Differences in species richness, diversity and community structure of the plant communities are clearly articulated.
Springbok behaviour as affected by environmental conditions in the Kalahari
Authors: Stapelberg Hein , Van Rooyen Margaretha W. , Bothma Jacobus Du P. , Van der Linde Michael J. , Groeneveld Hendrik T.
Published: August 2012

Springbok behavioural ecology in the Kalahari was examined with the use of public questionnaires and field forms. Springbok favoured grass and forbs overall more than shrubs and trees, but diet selection was influenced by time of day and season. Feeding was the most common activity and the frequency of occurrence varied during the day and between seasons. Weather and microhabitat conditions were found to have a significant effect on the feeding behaviour. Springbok fed in direct sunlight in the mornings and moved into the shade during the afternoon. More time was spent feeding in the shade during the warmer months than during the colder months, especially under northerly to northeasterly wind directions. Natural licks were commonly utilised. Herd sizes were found to increase during the cold-dry season and decrease during the hot-wet season. Springbok and blue wildebeest appeared to avoid competition by niche separation. The study showed that springbok behaviour was significantly affected by environmental conditions. These results imply that changes in climatic conditions, such as those predicted by climate change, or changes in vegetation structure due to degradation, can negatively affect springbok behaviour.
Landscapes in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa
Authors: Van Rooyen Margaretha W. , Van Rooyen Noel , Bothma Jacobus Du P. , Van den Berg Hendrik M.
Published: August 2012

A landscape map of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park is presented. Mapping is at a finer scale than previous vegetation and habitat maps for the same area. The landscapes were grouped into seven large classes and a total of 20 landscapes were mapped. A description of the terrain morphology, soil and vegetation of each landscape is provided. Landscapes that are focal points for the large animals of the region include the calcrete outcrops, riverbeds and pans. These landscapes cover only about 10% of the total area of the region. This map can be used as basis for park planning, management, research and other applications.
'N beknopte oorsig van die historiese navorsing in die Nasionale Kruger Wildtuin
Authors: Punt W. H. J.
Published: August 2012

'N beknopte oorsig van die historiese navorsing in die Nasionale Kruger Wildtuin
Bio-Accoustical studies in the National Parks.
Authors: Haagner C.H.
Published: August 2012

Bio-Accoustical studies in the National Parks.
A preliminary list of the birds of the Bontebok National Park, Swellendam.
Authors: Winterbottom J. M.
Published: August 2012

A preliminary list of the birds of the Bontebok National Park, Swellendam.
South African Lepidoptera, 3. Descriptions of new Stigmellidae
Authors: Vari L
Published: August 2012

South African Lepidoptera, 3. Descriptions of new Stigmellidae
The Zoogeography and systematic list of Amphibia in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Pienaar U. De V.
Published: August 2012

The Zoogeography and systematic list of Amphibia in the Kruger National Park
The prey of owls in the Kruger National Park as indicated by owl pellets collected during 1960-61
Authors: Coetzee C. G.
Published: August 2012

Published by permission of the Secretary of Health
A report on some immobilizing drugs used in the capture of wild animals in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Van Niekerk J. W. , Pienaar U. De V.
Published: August 2012

A report on some immobilizing drugs used in the capture of wild animals in the Kruger National Park
A report on Nematodes found in soil and root samples from the Kruger National Park
Authors: Van der Vegte F. A. , Heyns J.
Published: August 2012

A report on Nematodes found in soil and root samples from the Kruger National Park
The small mammals of the Kruger National Park - A systematic list and Zoogeography
Authors: Pienaar U. De V.
Published: August 2012

The small mammals of the Kruger National Park - A systematic list and Zoogeography
The Solifugae, Scorpions and Pedipalpi of the Kruger National Park
Authors: Lawrence R. F.
Published: August 2012

The Solifugae, Scorpions and Pedipalpi of the Kruger National Park
Die chemiese ondersoek van vier Senecio spesies van die Nasionale Krugerwildtuin
Authors: De Waal H. L. , Van Twisk P.
Published: August 2012

Die chemiese ondersoek van vier Senecio spesies van die Nasionale Krugerwildtuin
Animal behaviour with respect to tourists in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Babich K.
Published: August 2012

Animal behaviour with respect to tourists in the Kruger National Park
The birds of the Addo National Park
Authors: Liversidge R.
Published: August 2012

The birds of the Addo National Park
Makahane
Authors: Eloff J F. , De Vaal J. B.
Published: August 2012

Makahane
A preliminary list of dragonflies (Odonata) of the Kruger National Park
Authors: Balinsky B. I.
Published: August 2012

A preliminary list of dragonflies (Odonata) of the Kruger National Park
Chromosome analysis in the Kruger National Park with special reference to the chromosomes of the giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis Giraffa (Boddaert)
Authors: Wallace Clive , Fairall N.
Published: August 2012

Chromosome analysis in the Kruger National Park with special reference to the chromosomes of the giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis Giraffa (Boddaert)
Development and behaviour of a yellow-billed hornbill (Lophoceros Flavirostris Leucomelas) chick.
Authors: Prozesky O. P. M.
Published: August 2012

Development and behaviour of a yellow-billed hornbill (Lophoceros Flavirostris Leucomelas) chick.
On the tunnel system of Brants' Karroo Rat, Parotomys Brantsi in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
Authors: De Graaff G. , Nel J. A. J.
Published: August 2012

On the tunnel system of Brants' Karroo Rat, Parotomys Brantsi in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
Range extension of the Blue Wildebeest
Authors: Eloff F. C.
Published: August 2012

Range extension of the Blue Wildebeest
Notes on the stomach contents of certain Carnivora (mammalia) from the Kalahari Gemsbok Park
Authors: Bothma J. Du P.
Published: August 2012

Notes on the stomach contents of certain Carnivora (mammalia) from the Kalahari Gemsbok Park
The use of Oripavine Hydrochloride (M99) in the drug-immobilization and marking of wild African elephant (Loxodonta Africana Blumenbach) in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Pienaar U. De V. , Van Niekerk J. W. , Young E , Van Wyk P , Fairall N.
Published: August 2012

This paper was accepted for publication on the 16th August, 1965. - Editor
Determinants of patient satisfaction with outpatient health services at public and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tateke Tayue , Woldie Mirkuzie , Ololo Shimeles
Published: August 2012

Background: Patients have explicit desires or requests for services when they visit hospitals. However, inadequate discovery of their needs may result in patient dissatisfaction. This study aimed to determine the levels and determinants of patient satisfaction with outpatient health services provided at public and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 27 March to 30 April 2010. The study included 5 private and 5 public hospitals. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. A pre-tested and contextually prepared structured questionnaire was used to conduct interviews. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, factor analysis and multiple linear regressions were performed using computer software (SPSS 16.0).Results: About 18.0% of the patients at the public hospitals were very satisfied whilst 47.9% were just satisfied with the corresponding proportions a bit higher at private hospitals. Selfjudged health status, expectation about the services, perceived adequacy of consultation duration, perceived providers’ technical competency, perceived welcoming approach and perceived body signalling were determinants of satisfaction at both public and private hospitals.Conclusions: Although patients at the private hospitals were more satisfied than those at the public hospitals with the health care they received, five of the predictors of patient satisfaction in this study were common to both settings. Thus, hospitals in both categories should work to improve the competencies of their employees, particularly health professionals, to win the interests of the clients and have a physical structure that better fits the expectations of the patients.
A Lower Bound for the Length of Closed Geodesics on a Finsler Manifold
Authors: Zhao Wei
Published: August 2012

In this paper, we obtain a lower bound for the length of closed geodesics on an arbitrary closed Finsler manifold.
A intervenção humana na qualificação de processos de data mining: estudo de caso em uma base de dados hipotética
Authors: Brignoli Juliano Tonizetti , Sewald Junior Egon , Miguez Viviane Brandão , Santos Neri dos , Spanhol Fernando
Published: August 2012

Este artigo explora argumentações acerca das contribuições da intervenção de analistas humanos em processos de Data Mining. A eficiência algorítmica destes processos não é suficiente na busca por conhecimento voltado ao apoio decisório em domínios com natureza de informação complexa e volumosa. Propriedades da intelectualidade humana, como a inferência e a percepção propiciam excelente complementação aos processos de análise de dados. Por meio de estudo de caso baseado em simulação pretende-se validar proposições que asseguram o fato dos processos de Data Mining serem conduzidos e interpretados por analistas humanos, tornando-os assim, de característica dinâmica.
Ontologia: ambiguidade e precisão
Authors: Schiessl Marcelo , Bräscher Marisa
Published: August 2012

A ambiguidade é um grande obstáculo para a recuperação de informação. Tanto que ela é fonte de várias pesquisas na Ciência da Informação. As ontologias têm sido estudadas com foco na resolução de problemas oriundos de tais ambiguidades. Paradoxalmente, o termo “ontologia” é ambíguo e apresenta diferentes sentidos de acordo a comunidade que o utiliza. A Filosofia e a Ciência da Computação, talvez, possuam a maior divergência em relação ao significado do termo. A primeira possui séculos de tradição e autoridade incontestáveis. A segunda, bem mais recente, apresentou definições com sentido mais informal, porém pragmático. A Ciência da Informação busca ordenar acervos visando o equilíbrio entre usuário e informação e, para tal, se vale de abordagens filosóficas e computacionais. A Web Semântica demanda a automação do ciclo informacional e abre espaço para pesquisa em ontologias. Logo, é importante revisitar abordagens variadas de tal forma que elas forneçam noções úteis aos pesquisadores da área sem, contudo, abandonar o rigor filosófico, nem o pragmatismo característico da computação.
Aproximações entre o processo de adaptação de Piaget e os modos de conversão do conhecimento de Nonaka & Takeuchi
Authors: Wille Marina Ferreira de Castro , Marques Regina Alves de Morais , Silva Helena de Fátima Nunes , Stoltz Tânia , Branco Verônica
Published: August 2012

O presente artigo relaciona conceitos da teoria de criação do conhecimento organizacional de Nonaka e Takeuchi com conceitos envolvidos no processo de equilibração majorante de Piaget. A pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória busca relacionar tais teóricos a fim de enriquecer a pesquisa organizacional com contribuições da área educacional e da psicologia. A discussão aponta para uma aproximação entre os modos de conversão do conhecimento de Nonaka e Takeuchi, ou seja, socialização, externalização, combinação e internalização, com elementos envolvidos no processo de equilibração majorante de Piaget, tidos como assimilação, acomodação, conflito cognitivo e adaptação. Conclui-se que os referenciais tratados podem ser compreendidos como embasados em visão construtivista e interacionista.
Conceitos de informação e texto nas abordagens do ponto de vista cognitivo na ciência da informação e do processamento da informação na psicologia cognitiva – uma visão interdisciplinar
Authors: Pimenta Shirley Guimarães
Published: August 2012

A interação entre usuário, informação e texto é de interesse da Ciência da Informação embora essa interação tenha merecido insuficiente atenção na literatura. Esta questão é abordada no presente artigo cujo principal propósito é contribuir na discussão da afinidade teórica entre o ponto de vista cognitivo na Ciência da Informação e a abordagem do processamento da informação na Psicologia Cognitiva. Inicialmente, a natureza interdisciplinar da Ciência da Informação é discutida e justificada como meio de aprofundamento e fortalecimento do seu arcabouço teórico, o que ajuda a evitar estagnação e proporciona a manutenção do compasso com áreas relacionadas. Em segundo lugar, a discussão tece considerações quanto ao Paradigma Cognitivo, o qual está na origem da abordagem do ponto de vista cognitivo na Ciência da Informação. As implicações desse paradigma para as ciências sociais são salientadas tendo em vista a mudança de foco do objeto ou sinal para o indivíduo. Além disso, debatida a noção de modelos de mundo, i.e., sistemas de categorias e conceitos que orienta a interação do indivíduo com seu meio. Em terceiro lugar, a suposição teórica da abordagem do ponto de vista cognitivo é discutida com ênfase no conceito de ‘informação’ como consequência de processos cognitivos bem como associado à noção de texto. A abordagem assinala a relevância do entendimento da interação entre informação, texto e indivíduo, porém são observadas lacunas quanto a tal realce. Utilizando-se de noções que são comuns a ambas as abordagens, propõe-se que algumas dessas lacunas possam ser preenchidas. Finalmente, o conceito de ‘texto’, seus principais elementos e estruturas são apresentados de acordo com perspectiva de modelos de compreensão de texto na abordagem do processamento da informação. Como conclusão, sugere-se que a aproximação do ponto de vista cognitivo e a da abordagem do processamento da informação pode enriquecer e ser frutífera para Ciência da Informação e Psicologia Cognitiva, como por exemplo no desenvolvimento de modelos de gestão da informação e do conhecimento mais efetivos e humanizados.
Young People and the Reproduction of Disadvantage through Transnational Higher Education in Hong Kong
Authors: Waters Johanna , Leung Maggi
Published: August 2012

This paper examines the role of transnational higher education in reproducing local patterns of disadvantage in Hong Kong. Specifically, it considers the expectations and experiences of local students undertaking British degree programmes, drawing on the findings of a recent qualitative research project. In this paper, we argue that through the introduction of so-called ‘top-up’ programmes, British universities are providing degree-level education to students unable to access local higher education (HE) in Hong Kong through the ‘traditional’ route. Drawing upon our interviews with students and graduates, we show the immense cultural and social expectations, placed upon young people in Hong Kong, to obtain a university degree, and the role of ‘international’ education in (partially) offsetting the shortfall in domestic university places. However, we also suggest that these students/graduates are in various ways relatively disadvantaged by these degrees - they often have less cultural capital and social capital on which to draw, and find that their degrees are less valued than their local equivalent. There are broader implications of our findings for understanding the role of transnational educational provision in localised reproduction of (dis)advantage, especially in East Asia.
Feeling Uncomfortable: Young People's Emotional Responses to Neo-Liberal Explanations for Economic Inequality
Authors: Smart Sarah
Published: August 2012

People's emotional and political responses to economic inequality are shaped by their beliefs about and interpretations of that inequality. Drawing on a series of group interviews with a total of 110 11 - 16 year olds across eight schools I show that participants spoke about economic inequality in terms of rich and poor, but tended to place themselves in the middle of the income distribution. Despite this self-placement, they often felt very strongly about experiences where economic inequality was visible in consumption patterns. Participants interpreted economic inequality using ideas of neo-liberal meritocracy to explain that the existence of economic inequality was the fair result of different skills or effort among the rich and the poor. But at the same time they used a more egalitarian interpretation to claim that that rich and poor were the ‘same kind of people’ and that luck played a great part in the different levels of wealth and possessions. This led them to argue that everyone should be treated the same and granted the same respect, regardless of whether they were rich or poor. These egalitarian sentiments were also drawn on to propose strategies to minimise situations where rich and poor might be treated differently, or to manage the difficult feelings and lack of respect that participants associated with situations of economic inequality. These proposals did not challenge the existence of economic inequality, but focussed on the justice of how people with different levels of wealth or possessions should be treated.
Beyond a Binary Model of Students’ Educational Decision-Making
Authors: Davey Gayna
Published: August 2012

This paper's focus is on young people's university decision-making processes. It offers two key arguments in response to the model of decision-making which predominates in the classed practices literature. Firstly, that the dominant decision-making model obscures the extent of variation within the middle-class; and secondly, that commonly articulated notions of ‘certainty and entitlement’ need to be deconstructed to render them sociologically meaningful. I argue that the model developed by Stephen Ball, Diane Reay and colleagues had established itself as a key influence in the field, and indeed, it continues to provide a reference for those exploring student decision-making as a classed practice. In having drawn from Bourdieu's conceptual framework their account of educational practices takes us some distance beyond the labels and boxes of class analysis. My findings intersect and contrast with what has become a binary model of working-class disadvantage versus middle-class privilege. The narratives presented in this paper contribute to, but in many ways challenge what has become an influential and pervasive model of student choice.
Does Female Employment Always Undermine Marriage? Working Wives and Family Stability in Different Contexts of Italian Society
Authors: Todesco Lorenzo
Published: August 2012

Previous research has shown that the association between female employment and risk of marital disruption is still far from clear-cut, partly because certain theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that it may vary according to different conditions. The purpose of this study is to reassess the association between female employment and marital stability in Italy, by viewing it as contingent on historical period, institutional and cultural context and wives’ gender ideology. The relative risk of marital disruption is estimated using discrete time event-history models. The empirical findings clearly show that wives’ employment in this country seems to be disruptive for marriages, and its effect remains constant across the different conditions tested in the analysis.
A Review of Book Reviews: A Sociological Analysis of Reviews of the Edited Book Experience with Abortion
Authors: Van Teijlingen Edwin
Published: August 2012

This paper offers an analysis of the book reviews published about the 1973 book Experience with Abortion: A case study of North-East Scotland, a volume edited by Gordon Horobin. The paper sets the scene at the time of publication of Experience with Abortion, and includes abortion as a societal issue, the 1967 Abortion Act and the role of the MRC Medical Sociology Unit in Aberdeen. The reviews were analysed using content analysis. Considering the controversy of abortion in the early 1970s, it is interesting that the book reviews were overwhelmingly positive towards both Experience with Abortion and the need for high quality social science research in this field. Several reviews highlighted the importance of having someone like Sir Dugald Baird in Aberdeen and of the Aberdeen-based Medical Research Council's (MRC) Medical Sociology Unit. Nearly 40 years later, abortion has disappeared off the sociology and social policy agenda, at least in the United Kingdom (UK) and Horobin's legacy in medical sociology appears to be in areas other than abortion or reproductive health more generally.
A two-dimensional model of the methane cycle in a sedimentary accretionary wedge
Authors: Archer D. E. , Buffett B. A.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. A two-dimensional model of sediment column geophysics and geochemistry has been adapted to the problem of an accretionary wedge formation, patterned after the margin of the Juan de Fuca plate as it subducts under the North American plate. Much of the model description is given in a companion paper about the application of the model to an idealized passive margin setting; here we build on that formulation to simulate the impact of the sediment deformation, as it approaches the subduction zone, on the methane cycle. The active margin configuration of the model shares sensitivities with the passive margin configuration, in that sensitivities to organic carbon deposition and respiration kinetics, and to vertical bubble transport and redissolution in the sediment, are stronger than the sensitivity to ocean temperature. The active margin simulation shows a complex sensitivity of hydrate inventory to plate subduction velocity, with results depending strongly on the geothermal heat flux. In low heat-flux conditions, the model produces a larger inventory of hydrate per meter of coastline in the passive margin than active margin configurations. However, the local hydrate concentrations, as pore volume saturation, are higher in the active setting than in the passive, as generally observed in the field.
Heavy precipitation events in the Mediterranean: sensitivity to cloud physics parameterisation uncertainties
Authors: Fresnay S. , Hally A. , Garnaud C. , Richard E. , Lambert D.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. In autumn, southeastern France is often affected by heavy precipitation events which may result in damaging flash-floods. The 20 October and 1 November 2008 are two archetypes of the meteorological situations under which these events occur: an upper-level trough directing a warm and moist flow from the Mediterranean towards the Cévennes ridge or a quasi stationary meso-scale convective complex developing over the Rhone valley. These two types of events exhibit a contrasting level of predictability; the former being usually better forecast than the latter. Control experiments performed with the Meso-NH model run with a 2.5 km resolution confirm these predictability issues. The deterministic forecast of the November case (Cévennes ridge) is found to be much more skilful than the one for the October case (Rhone valley). These two contrasting situations are used to investigate the sensitivity of the model for cloud physics parameterisation uncertainties. Three 9-member ensembles are constructed. In the first one, the rain distribution intercept parameter is varied within its range of allowed values. In the second one, random perturbations are applied to the rain evaporation rate, whereas in the third one, random perturbations are simultaneously applied to the cloud autoconversion, rain accretion, and rain evaporation rates. Results are assessed by comparing the time and space distribution of the observed and forecasted precipitation. For the Rhone valley case, it is shown that not one of the ensembles is able to drastically improve the skill of the forecast. Taylor diagrams indicate that the microphysical perturbations are more efficient in modulating the rainfall intensities than in altering their localization. Among the three ensembles, the multi-process perturbation ensemble is found to yield the largest spread for most parameters. In contrast, the results of the Cévennes case exhibit almost no sensitivity to the microphysical perturbations. These results clearly show that the usefulness of an ensemble prediction system based upon microphysical perturbations is case dependent. Additional experiments indicate a greater potential for the multi-process ensemble when the model resolution is increased to 500 m.
Multivariate return periods of sea storms for coastal erosion risk assessment
Authors: Corbella S. , Stretch D. D.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The erosion of a beach depends on various storm characteristics. Ideally, the risk associated with a storm would be described by a single multivariate return period that is also representative of the erosion risk, i.e. a 100 yr multivariate storm return period would cause a 100 yr erosion return period. Unfortunately, a specific probability level may be associated with numerous combinations of storm characteristics. These combinations, despite having the same multivariate probability, may cause very different erosion outcomes. This paper explores this ambiguity problem in the context of copula based multivariate return periods and using a case study at Durban on the east coast of South Africa. Simulations were used to correlate multivariate return periods of historical events to return periods of estimated storm induced erosion volumes. In addition, the relationship of the most-likely design event (Salvadori et al., 2011) to coastal erosion was investigated. It was found that the multivariate return periods for wave height and duration had the highest correlation to erosion return periods. The most-likely design event was found to be an inadequate design method in its current form. We explore the inclusion of conditions based on the physical realizability of wave events and the use of multivariate linear regression to relate storm parameters to erosion computed from a process based model. Establishing a link between storm statistics and erosion consequences can resolve the ambiguity between multivariate storm return periods and associated erosion return periods.
La consommation bridée
Authors: Tremblay Yves
Published: August 2012

De 1939 jusqu’à 1951, les consommateurs canadiens connaissent trois régimes de consommation : une phase de contrôles progressifs qui dure jusqu’à 1942 ; une phase de restrictions plus sévères de 1942 à 1947, s’adoucissant à partir de 1946 ; une phase terminale au cours de laquelle les derniers contrôles disparaissent. Les restrictions sont appliquées par un organisme aux pouvoirs étendus : la Commission des prix et du commerce en temps de guerre, dont l’histoire corporative recoupe la périodisation précédente. Au fil du temps, la vie devient moins confortable. Conjuguées à l’inquiétude des familles pour les mobilisés et à la lassitude générale qu’un long conflit entraîne, les restrictions peuvent susciter la critique, ce dont se soucie évidemment l’État. Il ne lui suffit pas de brandir le patriotisme, même si des campagnes de propagande sont menées à cet effet. Pour ajuster ses politiques, Ottawa tente de connaître le sentiment populaire, mais sans toujours y parvenir.
Le traité de Lisbonne, le Service européen pour l’action extérieure et la politique globale de l’Union européenne
Authors: Seminatore Irnerio
Published: August 2012

Le but de cet essai est de retracer la genèse et l’évolution du Service européen d’action extérieure (seae) en les replaçant au coeur du processus de simplification des traités, qui a abouti au traité de Lisbonne et à l’émergence de trois nouveautés qui renforcent la gouvernance de l’ue : la figure du président du Conseil européen, celle du haut représentant pour les affaires étrangères et la politique de sécurité, appuyé par un important seae et la reconnaissance de la personnalité juridique de l’ue. La deuxième partie du texte vise à définir les stratégies plausibles pour l’Europe dans la conjoncture politique actuelle et d’indiquer les principaux thèmes de réflexion pour les analystes et les décideurs européens dans le cadre d’un système multipolaire en devenir.
La rupture du consensus de Fort-Lamy et le changement du rapport de force dans l’espace CEMAC
Authors: Batchom Paul Elvic Jérôme
Published: August 2012

Et si la loi du plus riche était la meilleure ? Cet article tend à répondre à cette question, au regard de l’attitude d’un État dans le sous-système internationalcemac. Il choisit de décrire la dynamique de contestation d’un rapport de force par un État nouvellement enrichi et montre ainsi comment l’enrichissement autorise et favorise la contestation de la configuration antérieure du pouvoir et l’auto-affirmation d’un État comme nouveau leader sous-régional. Ce faisant, il restitue le lien que Gilpin avait établi entre l’enrichissement et les changements de rapport de force dans le système international. En montrant toutefois que le changement de rapport de force peut également se faire sans guerre hégémonique, il s’aligne derrière les études qui mettent en relation les logiques de puissance et les processus à vocation pacificatrice de l’intégration régionale ; la quête de puissance des États et leur présence au sein des organisations internationales.
La découverte des gisements d’hydrocarbures du « pré-sel », un défi pour l’avenir de la puissance brésilienne
Authors: Muxagato Bruno
Published: August 2012

Les importants gisements d’hydrocarbures découverts au large des côtes du Brésil sont sur le point de bouleverser la stratégie énergétique du géant sud-américain. Depuis trois décennies, les Brésiliens ont fait en sorte de promouvoir les énergies renouvelables au détriment des énergies fossiles. Avec les nouvelles réserves de l’Atlantique Sud, le pétrole et le gaz ont repris de l’importance aux yeux des autorités brésiliennes, à un moment décisif pour leur pays qui s’affirme de manière toujours plus importante sur la scène internationale. L’énergie, dans sa globalité, s’est convertie en un instrument diplomatique à part entière. Cet article propose d’analyser les enjeux et les défis pour le Brésil de la découverte de ces gisements, aussi bien sur le plan intérieur qu’international.
Hypertension
Authors: Fitzgerald Kara , Lepine Todd
Published: August 2012

Hypertension is responsible for roughly one-in-six adult deaths annually in the United States and is associated with five of the top nine causes of death.1 Ten trillion dollars is the estimated annual cost worldwide of the direct and indirect effects of hypertension.2,3 In the U.S. alone, costs estimated at almost $74 billion in 2009 placed a huge economic burden on the health care system.4 The prevalence of hypertension increases with advancing age to the point where more than half of people 60 to 69 years of age and at least three-fourths of those 70 years of age and older are affected.5 Most individuals with hypertension do not have it adequately controlled.1,6 Medication noncompliance due to avoidance of side effects is suggested to be a primary factor.6 The epidemic incidence of hypertension and its significant cost to society indicate that a well-tolerated, cost-effective approach to treatment is urgently needed.
Statin-induced Myopathy
Authors: Fitzgerald Kara , Redmond Elizabeth , Harbor Cathryn
Published: August 2012

Heart disease (HD) is the number one killer in the United States.1 In 2006, the direct and indirect costs associated with cardiovascular disease in the United States were estimated at 400 billion dollars.2 Statin therapy for cholesterol reduction is a mainstay intervention for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as reflected in atorvastatin's status as the number one prescribed medication in the United States.3 Statin therapy, however, is also associated with side effects that signal mitochondrial distress. A commonly reported statin-induced symptom is myalgia, which is defined as muscle pain without an associated elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK). In clinical trials, the reports of myalgia vary from less than 1% to 25% of patients.4 Myopathy is a general term defined as an abnormal condition or disease of muscle tissue. Myopathy includes myalgia, myositis (inflammation of muscle tissue associated with elevated CK) and the very serious condition rhabdomyolysis (extreme myositis). Histological findings in statin-induced myopathy demonstrate electron chain dysfunction making “mitochondrial myopathy” the more precise term.5 Mitochondrial myopathy has been associated with statin-induced CoQ10 depletion.5 Given the density of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, and CoQ10's role in mitochondrial energy production, depletion has long been associated with increased risk for heart disease.6—7 In the case below, mitochondrial-specific organic acids, serum CoQ10, vitamin D and clinical history all suggest statin-induced mitochondrial myopathy, despite normal serum CK.
Chronobiologically Interpreted Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Health and Disease
Authors: Halberg Franz , Cornélissen Germaine , Hillman Dewayne , Beaty Larry A. , Hong Shiyu , Schwartzkopff Othild , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Otsuka Kuniaki , Siegelova Jarmila
Published: August 2012

To detect vascular variability anomalies (VVAs), a blood pressure and heart rate profile around the clock for at least 7 days is a start. As a minimum, measurement every 60 or preferably 30 minutes for a week is needed, to be continued if abnormality is found, to assess the about 24-hour (circadian) variability that exists in all individuals. As a first dividend, one then also obtains a glimpse of 2 of the very many longer-than-circadian periodicities, the biological half-week and week. Certainly if we can have sensors and computer chips in our cars that continuously monitor the pressure over a tire's life, we should be able to do the same job for ourselves for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Healthcare today emphasizes wellness with recommendations for exercise and a proper diet, yet these evaluations may not be adequate. BP may be measured at a visit to the doctor or before an exercise session, along with measuring body weight and performing a physical exam. The seeds of disease are planted long before they are visible, and what appears to be normal from a conventional point of view may in fact be abnormal. Hidden alterations of physiological function, masked by the body's remarkable adaptive capabilities, may become visible through a new diagnostic and therapeutic realm—-chronobiology—-that reveals hitherto unseen abnormalities. The tools of chronobiology may yield additional dividends, such as the detection of physiological “loads” related to stress and stress relief and the undesirable effects of space weather upon personal events such as sudden cardiac death, societal events like terrorism and war, and natural disasters. Chronobiologically interpreted automatic ambulatory BP and heart rate (HR) monitoring (C-ABPM) may detect the antecedents of these types of events. C-ABPM is of interest in preventive cardiology, since it reveals new diagnoses as vascular variability anomalies (VVAs) and renders previous conventional diagnoses more reliable, such as that of an elevated BP. These VVAs include MESOR (midline-estimating statistic of rhythm)-hypertension, an elevation of the MESOR, which is diagnosed, like all other VVAs, only after 1 or preferably several replications of 7-day around-the-clock BP monitoring with available, affordable, and unobtrusive instrumentation. The recommendation for continuous C-ABPM recognizes several principles that constitute inseparably intertwined contributors to severe cardio-, cerebro- and renovascular diesase. C-ABPM gauges wear and tear of genetics, physical loads, and in particular mental stress placed upon individuals from “womb to tomb” by daily life, including weather in extraterrestrial space as well as that on earth, as a continuous surveillance paradigm preventing us from flying blind to a change from less than 5% to near 100% in the risk of a stroke within 6 years.