bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical groups for Hopf algebra modules
Authors: GRINBERG DARIJ , HUANG JIA , REINER VICTOR
Published: November 2018

This paper considers an invariant of modules over a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra, called the critical group. This generalises the critical groups of complex finite group representations studied in [1,11]. A formula is given for the cardinality of the critical group generally, and the critical group for the regular representation is described completely. A key role in the formulas is played by the greatest common divisor of the dimensions of the indecomposable projective representations.
Identity Development in Immigrant Youth
Authors: Schwartz Seth J. , Meca Alan , Ángel Cano Miguel , Lorenzo-Blanco Elma I. , Unger Jennifer B.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Rates of immigration are at an all-time high in many Western countries, and immigration can exert profound influences on identity development. These influences occur both at the individual level and at the group level, but these two sets of influences have rarely been considered simultaneously. Accordingly, this article adopts a multilevel approach to identity development among immigrant youth, with a focus on North American receiving contexts. We focus not only on individual ethnic, national, and personal identity development, but also on the societal-level intergroup processes (e.g., threats and stereotypes) that constrain the identity options available to immigrants. We highlight the prominence of biculturalism – endorsement of both heritage and destination-country identities – but also discuss ways in which biculturalism may be difficult to attain for some immigrants and immigrant groups. We also emphasize the interplay between individual immigrants’ identities and the mechanisms through which defensive policies enacted by “threatened” majority groups may harm identity development among immigrant youth. The article concludes with a listing of priorities for future work.
Intentional Engagement in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Marttinen Elina , Dietrich Julia , Salmela-Aro Katariina
Published: November 2018

Abstract. During the transition to adulthood, young people need to choose their career and overall life pathway and cope successfully with the transitions they face. The theories of personal identity development ( Luyckx, Goossens, Soenens, & Beyers, 2006 ; Luyckx et al., 2008 ), career development ( Savickas, 2005 ), and goal developmental regulation ( Nurmi, 2004 ; Salmela-Aro, 2009 ) address the question of how people commit and engage in the changes faced during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, and particularly how they deal with educational and occupational transitions. We reviewed how each of these theories discusses both adaptive and maladaptive processes during the transition to adulthood, including such themes as the feeling of competent, exploring choices, crystallizing and making decision, forming certainty, managing transition, changing direction and rumination. We propose that these theories are in fact presenting different perspectives on the same developmental process of intentional engagement. Finally, suggestions for future research and intervention outcomes are discussed.
Missing Evidence of Widespread Subglacial Lakes at Recovery Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Humbert Angelika , Steinhage Daniel , Helm Veit , Beyer Sebastian , Kleiner Thomas
Published: November 2018

Recovery Glacier reaches far into the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Recent projections point out that its dynamic behavior has a considerable impact on future Antarctic ice loss (Golledge et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072422). Subglacial lakes are thought to play a major role in the initiation of the rapid ice flow (Bell et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05554). Satellite altimetry observations have even suggested several actively filling and draining subglacial lakes beneath the main trunk (B. E. Smith et al., 2009, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309789470879). We present new data of the geometry of this glacier and investigate its basal properties employing radio‐echo sounding. Using ice sheet modeling, we were able to constrain estimates of radar absorption in the ice, but uncertainties remain large. The magnitude of the basal reflection coefficient is thus still poorly known. However, its spatial variability, in conjunction with additional indicators, can be used to infer the presence of subglacial water. We find no clear evidence of water at most of the previously proposed lake sites. Especially, locations, where altimetry detected active lakes, do not exhibit lake characteristics in radio‐echo sounding. We argue that lakes far upstream the main trunk are not triggering enhanced ice flow, which is also supported by modeled subglacial hydrology.
Drift Resonance of Compressional ULF Waves and Substorm‐Injected Protons From Multipoint THEMIS Measurements
Authors: Rubtsov A. V. , Agapitov O. V. , Mager P. N. , Klimushkin D. Yu. , Mager O. V. , Mozer F. S. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: November 2018

A compressional Pc5 wave associated with localized hot proton injection was observed by the five THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) spacecraft in the dusk sector of the Earth's magnetosphere at L ∼ 10RE on 21 May 2007. The wave magnetic field perturbation transverse to the background magnetic field was primarily poloidal, in agreement with the predominately azimuthal wave vector direction (with westward phase velocity). The observation followed two consecutive substorms, when the cloud of energetic particles comprised of the lower‐energy protons from the earlier substorm was mixed with higher‐energy protons from the subsequent one. The clear signatures of the wave‐particle drift resonance of protons modulated by the wave were observed. The wave period was found to be about 2 times longer than the corresponding Alfvén wave eigenmode period on the same L‐shells calculated with the THEMIS data. The increase of the particle energy with the distance from the Earth and the observed strong dependence of the wave frequency on the azimuthal wave number constitutes conditions for the gradient instability of the drift compressional mode (for the Alfvén mode one supposes the particle energy decrease with radial distance). Based on these results, we conclude that the observed wave was the drift compressional mode generated by the gradient instability.
Model Evaluation Guidelines for Geomagnetic Index Predictions
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. , McCollough James P. , Jordanova Vania K. , Ngwira Chigomezyo M. , Morley Steven K. , Cid Consuelo , Tobiska W. Kent , Wintoft Peter , Ganushkina Natalia Yu. , Welling Daniel T. , Bingham Suzy , Balikhin Michael A. , Opgenoorth Hermann J. , Engel Miles A. , Weigel Robert S. , Singer Howard J. , Buresova Dalia , Bruinsma Sean , Zhelavskaya Irina S. , Shprits Yuri Y. , Vasile Ruggero
Published: November 2018

Geomagnetic indices are convenient quantities that distill the complicated physics of some region or aspect of near‐Earth space into a single parameter. Most of the best‐known indices are calculated from ground‐based magnetometer data sets, such as Dst, SYM‐H, Kp, AE, AL, and PC. Many models have been created that predict the values of these indices, often using solar wind measurements upstream from Earth as the input variables to the calculation. This document reviews the current state of models that predict geomagnetic indices and the methods used to assess their ability to reproduce the target index time series. These existing methods are synthesized into a baseline collection of metrics for benchmarking a new or updated geomagnetic index prediction model. These methods fall into two categories: (1) fit performance metrics such as root‐mean‐square error and mean absolute error that are applied to a time series comparison of model output and observations and (2) event detection performance metrics such as Heidke Skill Score and probability of detection that are derived from a contingency table that compares model and observation values exceeding (or not) a threshold value. A few examples of codes being used with this set of metrics are presented, and other aspects of metrics assessment best practices, limitations, and uncertainties are discussed, including several caveats to consider when using geomagnetic indices.
Prefibrotic myelofibrosis: treatment algorithm 2018
Authors: Finazzi Guido , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Barbui Tiziano
Published: November 2018

Prefibrotic myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) is a distinct entity among chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm diagnosed according to the revised 2016 WHO classification. The clinical picture is heterogeneous, ranging from isolated thrombocytosis, mimicking essential thrombocythemia (ET), to symptoms of high-risk PMF. Retrospective studies showed that survival of patients with pre-PMF is worse than that of ET and better than overt PMF. Whilst a specific prognostic score is lacking, the International Prognostic Scoring System is able to predict survival in pre-PMF patients, yet failing to separate intermediate-1 and -2 groups, and can be used in clinical practice. Each patient should be evaluated for, and interventions adapted to, both life-expectancy and the risk of bleeding and thrombosis. In low-risk patients with expected long survival, observation only is recommended; in cumulated intermediate-1 and -2 risk cases, whose median survival is projected at more than 10 years, treatment is based on symptoms; in high risk cases, with median survival lower than 5 years, intensive management is required. A pragmatic approach to address the risk of bleeding and thrombosis includes: no treatment or low-dose aspirin in asymptomatic patients; aspirin or oral anticoagulation if previous arterial or venous thrombosis, and hydroxyurea as first-line cytoreduction in case of thrombocytosis or leukocytosis.
Defective mitochondrial protein import contributes to complex I-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Franco-Iborra Sandra , Cuadros Thais , Parent Annabelle , Romero-Gimenez Jordi , Vila Miquel , Perier Celine
Published: November 2018

Mitochondria are the prime energy source in most eukaryotic cells, but these highly dynamic organelles are also involved in a multitude of cellular events. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity through different surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal survival. Here, we have studied the mitochondrial protein import system in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Complex I inhibition, a characteristic pathological hallmark in PD, impaired mitochondrial protein import, which was associated with a downregulation of two key components of the system: translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20) and translocase of the inner membrane 23 (TIM23), both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, those changes were associated with OXPHOS protein downregulation, accumulation of aggregated proteins inside mitochondria and downregulation of mitochondrial chaperones. Most of these pathogenic changes, including mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death, were abrogated by TOM20 or TIM23 overexpression, in vitro. However, in vivo, while TOM20 overexpression exacerbated neurodegeneration in both substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (pc) and striatum, overexpression of TIM23 partially protected dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc. These results highlight mitochondrial protein import dysfunction and the distinct role of two of their components in the pathogenesis of PD and suggest the need for future studies to further characterize mitochondrial protein import deficit in the context of PD.
DNA methylation and associated gene expression in blood prior to lung cancer diagnosis in the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort
Authors: Sandanger Torkjel Manning , Nøst Therese Haugdahl , Guida Florence , Rylander Charlotta , Campanella Gianluca , Muller David C. , van Dongen Jenny , Boomsma Dorret I. , Johansson Mattias , Vineis Paolo , Vermeulen Roel , Lund Eiliv , Chadeau-Hyam Marc
Published: November 2018

The majority of lung cancer is caused by tobacco smoking, and lung cancer-relevant epigenetic markers have been identified in relation to smoking exposure. Still, smoking-related markers appear to mediate little of the effect of smoking on lung cancer. Thus in order to identify disease-relevant markers and enhance our understanding of pathways, a wide search is warranted. Through an epigenome-wide search within a case-control study (131 cases, 129 controls) nested in a Norwegian prospective cohort of women, we found 25 CpG sites associated with lung cancer. Twenty-three were classified as associated with smoking (LC-AwS), and two were classified as unassociated with smoking (LC-non-AwS), as they remained associated with lung cancer after stringent adjustment for smoking exposure using the comprehensive smoking index (CSI): cg10151248 (PC, CSI-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.34 [0.23–0.52] per standard deviation change in methylation) and cg13482620 (B3GNTL1, CSI-adjusted OR = 0.33 [0.22–0.50]). Analysis among never smokers and a cohort of smoking-discordant twins confirmed the classification of the two LC-non-AwS CpG sites. Gene expression profiles demonstrated that the LC-AwS CpG sites had different enriched pathways than LC-non-AwS sites. In conclusion, using blood-derived DNA methylation and gene expression profiles from a prospective lung cancer case-control study in women, we identified 25 CpG lung cancer markers prior to diagnosis, two of which were LC-non-AwS markers and related to distinct pathways.
Assessing bone mineral changes in response to vitamin D supplementation using natural variability in stable isotopes of Calcium in Urine
Authors: Rangarajan Ravi , Mondal Surajit , Thankachan Prashanth , Chakrabarti Ramananda , Kurpad Anura V.
Published: November 2018

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease of public health importance, particularly in low and middle income countries. Measuring the bone mineral balance (BMB) in a non-invasive manner, and its response to different interventions, is critical to the definition of optimal strategies for its prevention and management. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of natural variability in calcium isotopes (δ44/40Ca) of urine and the derived BMB estimates as a biomarker of bone health and its responsiveness to interventions. Vitamin D3 is commonly used as a supplement for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, along with calcium supplements. We studied the effect of a short term vitamin D3 supplementation on changes in urine δ44/40Ca and the derived BMB. δ44/40Ca before and after the vitamin D3 supplementation yielded a statistically significant change (p = 0.050) with a positive δ44/40Ca enrichment. The mean derived BMB was net positive (0.04 ± 0.05) in comparison to a net negative value for the control group (−0.03 ± 0.01). These results indicate the potential usefulness of urinary natural δ44/40Ca and the derived BMB, which, along with bone mineral density could be used as a sensitive marker for precision in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Serum Golgi protein 73 is a marker comparable to APRI for diagnosing significant fibrosis in children with liver disease
Authors: Liu Langli , Wang Jianwen , Feng Jiayan , Yao Mingjie , Hao Chenzhi , You Yijie , Yan Yanyan , Gong Jingyu , Lu Yi , Xie Xinbao , Zhang Meihong , Chen Lian , Li Tingting , Lu Fengmin , Wang Jian-She
Published: November 2018

Serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a promising marker for significant fibrosis in adults. However, current diagnostic value of serum GP73 for liver fibrosis in children is unknown. To investigate the relationship between levels of serum GP73 and liver fibrosis in children, we measured serum GP73 in 86 healthy controls and 183 patients with liver diseases using commercially available double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The value of serum GP73 in fibrosis stage assessment was compared with aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI). We found that serum GP73 was decreasing with age in healthy controls, while it was increasing with the extent of inflammation and fibrosis in patients with liver diseases. Though area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of serum GP73 for diagnosing significant fibrosis was nearly equal to APRI (0.62 vs 0.64) in patients aged 3 years or older, AUROC for serum GP73 was superior to APRI (0.76 vs 0.67) in patients aged below 3 years, indicating that serum GP73 is comparable to APRI for diagnosing significant fibrosis in children.
Nonsense mutation in PMEL is associated with yellowish plumage colour phenotype in Japanese quail
Authors: Ishishita Satoshi , Takahashi Mayuko , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Kinoshita Keiji , Nakano Mikiharu , Nunome Mitsuo , Kitahara Shumpei , Tatsumoto Shoji , Go Yasuhiro , Shigenobu Shuji , Matsuda Yoichi
Published: November 2018

The L strain of Japanese quail exhibits a plumage phenotype that is light yellowish in colour. In this study, we identified a nonsense mutation in the premelanosome protein (PMEL) gene showing complete concordance with the yellowish plumage within a pedigree as well as across strains by genetic linkage analysis of an F2 intercross population using approximately 2,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were detected by double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). The yellowish plumage was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the causative mutation was located within an 810-kb genomic region of the LGE22C19W28_E50C23 linkage group (LGE22). This region contained the PMEL gene that is required for the normal melanosome morphogenesis and eumelanin deposition. A nonsense mutation that leads to a marked truncation of the deduced protein was found in PMEL of the mutant. The gene expression level of PMEL decreased substantially in the mutant. Genotypes at the site of the nonsense mutation were fully concordant with plumage colour phenotypes in 196 F2 offspring. The nonsense mutation was not found in several quail strains with non-yellowish plumage. Thus, the yellowish plumage may be caused by the reduced eumelanin content in feathers because of the loss of PMEL function.
DNA based diagnostic for the quantification of sugarcane root DNA in the field
Authors: Pierre J. S. , Giblot-Ducray D. , McKay A. C. , Hartley D. M. , Perroux J. M. , Rae A. L.
Published: November 2018

Plant root systems play many key roles including nutrient and water uptake, interface with soil microorganisms and resistance to lodging. As for other crops, large and systematic studies of sugarcane root systems have always been hampered by the opaque and solid nature of the soil. In recent years, methods for efficient extraction of DNA from soil and for species-specific DNA amplification have been developed. Such tools could have potential to greatly improve root phenotyping and health diagnostic capability in sugarcane. In this paper, we present a fast, specific and efficient method for the quantification of sugarcane live root cells in soil samples. Previous studies were typically based on mass and length, so we established a calibration to convert root DNA quantity to live root mass. This diagnostic was validated on field samples and used to investigate the fate of the root system after harvest prior to regrowth of the ratoon crop. Two weeks after harvest, the sugarcane roots from the previous crop were still viable. This raises the question of the role that the root system of the harvested crop plays in the performance of the next crop and demonstrates how this test can be used to answer research questions.
Small Molecule Antagonists of NAADP-Induced Ca2+ Release in T-Lymphocytes Suggest Potential Therapeutic Agents for Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Zhang Bo , Watt Joanna M , Cordiglieri Chiara , Dammermann Werner , Mahon Mary F. , Flügel Alexander , Guse Andreas H. , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: November 2018

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+-releasing second messenger known to date, but the precise NAADP/Ca2+ signalling mechanisms are still controversial. We report the synthesis of small-molecule inhibitors of NAADP-induced Ca2+ release based upon the nicotinic acid motif. Alkylation of nicotinic acid with a series of bromoacetamides generated a diverse compound library. However, many members were only weakly active or had poor physicochemical properties. Structural optimisation produced the best inhibitors that interact specifically with the NAADP/Ca2+ release mechanism, having no effect on Ca2+ mobilized by the other well-known second messengers d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] or cyclic adenosine 5′-diphospho-ribose (cADPR). Lead compound (2) was an efficient antagonist of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release in vitro in intact T lymphocytes and ameliorated clinical disease in vivo in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis. Compound (3) (also known as BZ194) was synthesized as its bromide salt, confirmed by crystallography, and was more membrane permeant than 2. The corresponding zwitterion (3a), was also prepared and studied by crystallography, but 3 had more desirable physicochemical properties. 3 Is potent in vitro and in vivo and has found widespread use as a tool to modulate NAADP effects in autoimmunity and cardiovascular applications. Taken together, data suggest that the NAADP/Ca2+ signalling mechanism may serve as a potential target for T cell- or cardiomyocyte-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis or arrhythmia. Further modification of these lead compounds may potentially result in drug candidates of clinical use.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Alarm versus Desmopressin Therapy for Pediatric Monosymptomatic Enuresis
Authors: Peng Carol Chiung-Hui , Yang Stephen Shei-Dei , Austin Paul F. , Chang Shang-Jen
Published: November 2018

This study is to compare the efficacy of enuresis alarm and desmopressin therapy in managing pediatric monosymptomatic enuresis. We performed systematic literature searches on different databases from inception until April 2017 without language restriction. All randomized control trials comparing an enuresis alarm and desmopressin in managing children with monosymptomatic enuresis were included. A total of 15 studies with 1502 participants (aged 5 to 16 years) were included for pooled analysis. Overall, an enuresis alarm outperformed desmopressin in achieving at least a partial response (>50% reduction in wet nights) in per-protocol analysis (OR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.23) but not in intention-to-treat analysis (OR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.30) as the alarm was hampered by a high dropout rate (OR: 2.20, 95% CI 3.41 to 4.29). However, alarm therapy yielded a better sustained response (OR: 2.89, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.04) and lower relapse rate (OR: 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.50). In the intention to treat analysis, the results revealed that alarm and desmopressin therapy are comparable in efficacy with regards to achieving >50% reduction in baseline wet nights in enuretic children. However, enuresis alarms offer a superior treatment response and a lower relapse rate in well-motivated children.
Structure and oligomerization of the periplasmic domain of GspL from the type II secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Fulara Aleksandra , Vandenberghe Isabel , Read Randy J. , Devreese Bart , Savvides Savvas N.
Published: November 2018

The ability of bacteria to infect a host relies in part on the secretion of molecular virulence factors across the cell envelope. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous environmental bacterium causing opportunistic infections in humans, employs the type II secretion system (T2SS) to transport effector proteins across its cellular envelope as part of a diverse array of virulence strategies. General secretory pathway protein L (GspL) is an essential inner-membrane component of the T2SS apparatus, and is thought to facilitate transduction of the energy from ATP hydrolysis in the cytoplasm to the periplasmic components of the system. However, our incomplete understanding of the assembly principles of the T2SS machinery prevents the mechanistic deconvolution of T2SS-mediated protein secretion. Here we show via two crystal structures that the periplasmic ferredoxin-like domain of GspL (GspLfld) is a dimer stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, and that this interface may allow significant interdomain plasticity. The general dimerization mode of GspLfld is shared with GspL from Vibrio parahaemolyticus suggesting a conserved oligomerization mode across the GspL family. Furthermore, we identified a tetrameric form of the complete periplasmic segment of GspL (GspLperi) which indicates that GspL may be able to adopt multiple oligomeric states as part of its dynamic role in the T2SS apparatus.
Molecular Simulation of MoS2 Exfoliation
Authors: Zhou Guoqing , Rajak Pankaj , Susarla Sandhya , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Kalia Rajiv K. , Nakano Aiichiro , Vashishta Priya
Published: November 2018

A wide variety of two-dimensional layered materials are synthesized by liquid-phase exfoliation. Here we examine exfoliation of MoS2 into nanosheets in a mixture of water and isopropanol (IPA) containing cavitation bubbles. Using force fields optimized with experimental data on interfacial energies between MoS2 and the solvent, multimillion-atom molecular dynamics simulations are performed in conjunction with experiments to examine shock-induced collapse of cavitation bubbles and the resulting exfoliation of MoS2. The collapse of cavitation bubbles generates high-speed nanojets and shock waves in the solvent. Large shear stresses due to the nanojet impact on MoS2 surfaces initiate exfoliation, and shock waves reflected from MoS2 surfaces enhance exfoliation. Structural correlations in the solvent indicate that shock induces an ice VII like motif in the first solvation shell of water.
Prospective diagnostic and prognostic study of copeptin in suspected acute aortic syndromes
Authors: Morello Fulvio , Oddi Matteo , Cavalot Giulia , Ianniello Alice , Giachino Francesca , Nazerian Peiman , Battista Stefania , Magnino Corrado , Tizzani Maria , Settanni Fabio , Mengozzi Giulio , Lupia Enrico
Published: November 2018

Acute aortic syndromes (AAS) are cardiovascular emergencies with unmet diagnostic needs. Copeptin is released upon stress conditions and is approved for rule-out of myocardial infarction (MI). As MI and AAS share presenting symptoms, stress mechanisms and necessity for rapid diagnosis, copeptin appears as an attractive biomarker also for AAS. We thus performed a diagnostic and observational study in Emergency Department (ED) outpatients. Inclusion criteria were chest/abdominal/back pain, syncope and/or perfusion deficit, plus AAS in differential diagnosis. Blood samples were obtained in the ED. 313 patients were analyzed and 105 (33.5%) were diagnosed with AAS. Median copeptin was 38.91 pmol/L (interquartile range, IQR, 16.33–173.4) in AAS and 7.51 pmol/L (IQR 3.58–15.08) in alternative diagnoses (P < 0.001). Copeptin (≥10 pmol/L) had a sensitivity of 80.8% (95% confidence interval, CI, 72.2–87.2) and a specificity of 63.6% (CI 56.9–69.9) for AAS. Within 6 hours, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.7% (CI 79.3–94.2) and 52.4% (CI 42.9–61.8) respectively. Combination with D-dimer did not increase the diagnostic yield. Furthermore, copeptin ≥25 pmol/L predicted mortality in patients with alternative diagnoses but not with AAS. In conclusion, copeptin increases in most patients with AAS within the first hours, but the accuracy of copeptin for diagnosis AAS is suboptimal.
Electrical detection of trace zinc ions with an extended gate-AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility sensor
Authors: Gu Le , Yang Shuai , Miao Bin , Gu Zhiqi , Wang Jin , Sun Wei , Wu Dongmin , Li Jiadong
Published: November 2018

In this report, we have developed a high sensitivity zinc ion (Zn2+) detection method based on a Schiff base functionalized extended gate (EG)-AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility (HEMT) sensor.
Visual detection of cancer cells by using in situ grown functional Cu2−xSe/reduced graphene oxide hybrids acting as an efficient nanozyme
Authors: Guo Qing Juan , Pan Zi Yu , Men Chen , Lv Wen Yi , Zou Hong Yan , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: November 2018

Cu2−xSe nanoparticles grown in situ on reduced graphene oxide (Cu2−xSe/rGO) acted as an efficient nanozyme. Using the Cu2−xSe/rGO as a signal transducer, a colorimetric assay for cancer cells with the naked eye has been developed.
Exploring the efficacy and cellular uptake of sorafenib in colon cancer cells by Raman micro-spectroscopy
Authors: Yosef H. K. , Frick T. , Hammoud M. K. , Maghnouj A. , Hahn S. , Gerwert K. , El-Mashtoly S. F.
Published: November 2018

This study demonstrates the efficacy and distribution of sorafenib in colon cancer cells by label-free Raman microscopy.
Peptide modified gold nanoclusters as a novel fluorescence detector based on quenching system of detecting Allura red
Authors: Tang Ying , Sun Zhitao , Shen Jing , Yu Jinhan , Wang Shujin , Hao Jiaoyue , Wang Baoqin , Huang Yanjun , Liu Xinxin , Zhuang Hong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a novel nanocomposite fluorescence detector that was synthesized from gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and a ten-amino acid peptide CCYRGHDHCY was successfully generated for the determination of Allura red (AR) for the first time.
A rapid and naked-eye visible rhodamine 6G-based chemosensor for sensitive detection of copper(ii) ions in aqueous solution
Authors: Huang Q. , Chen Y. T. , Ren Y. W. , Wang Z. Y. , Zhu Y. X. , Zhang Y.
Published: November 2018

The chemosensor R6GHP showed high selectivity for Cu2+ with “naked-eye” recognition in aqueous solutions.
Hemiaminal ether linkages provide a selective release of payloads from polymer conjugates
Authors: Seidi Farzad , Druet Victor , Huynh Nguyen , Phakkeeree Treethip , Crespy Daniel
Published: November 2018

Hemiaminal linkages allow for a selective and pH-responsive release of triazoles from polymer conjugates.
Growth and shape stability of Cu–Ni core–shell nanoparticles: an atomistic perspective
Authors: Ilker Efe , Madran Melihat , Konuk Mine , Durukanoğlu Sondan
Published: November 2018

The growth and shape stability of bi-metallic cubic Cu–Ni nanoparticles are studied using atomic-level simulations.
Synthesis and reactivity of aza-dipyrrin alkali metal salts
Authors: Diaz-Rodriguez Roberto M. , Robertson Katherine N. , Thompson Alison
Published: November 2018

Reaction of aza-dipyrrins with alkali bases provides alkali salts of the anionic aza-dipyrrinato ligand. This anionic ligand source demonstrates complementary reactivity to the traditionally-used neutral pre-ligand.
A supramolecular porous material comprising Fe(ii) mesocates
Authors: Wilson Benjamin H. , Scott Hayley S. , Qazvini Omid T. , Telfer Shane G. , Mathonière Corine , Clérac Rodolphe , Kruger Paul E.
Published: November 2018

The dinuclear mesocate [Fe2L3](BF4)4 is a supramolecular building block for a microporous material possessing 1D channels that are permanently accessible to incoming guest molecules showing a high selectivity for CO2 over N2.
Fluorescent Wittig reagent as a novel ratiometric probe for the quantification of 5-formyluracil and its application in cell imaging
Authors: Zhou Qian , Li Kun , Liu Yan-Hong , Li Ling-Ling , Yu Kang-Kang , Zhang Hong , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: November 2018

For the first time a Wittig reagent was introduced into the design of a fluorescent probe for the quantification of 5-formyluracil.
High-depth fluorescence imaging using a two-photon FRET system for mitochondrial pH in live cells and tissues
Authors: Chang Min Jung , Kim Kyutae , Park Kyun Seob , Kang Ji Su , Lim Chang Su , Kim Hwan Myung , Kang Chulhun , Lee Min Hee
Published: November 2018

We developed a fluorescent pH probe (1) capable of two-photon excitation and far-visible-emission based on FRET, composed of naphthalimide–piperazine–rhodamine.
Advances in the design of cell-permeable fluorescent probes for applications in live cell imaging
Authors: Alamudi Samira Husen , Chang Young-Tae
Published: November 2018

Advances in the design strategy of cell-permeable small fluorescent probes are discussed. Their applications in imaging specific cell types and intracellular bioanalytes, as well as the cellular environment in live conditions, are presented.
Photocontrolled reversible conversion of a lamellar supramolecular assembly based on cucurbiturils and a naphthalenediimide derivative
Authors: Zhang Cai-Cai , Zhang Ying-Ming , Liu Yu
Published: November 2018

Lamellar and helical supramolecular assemblies were constructed using cucurbiturils and a naphthalenediimide derivative. The formation of the lamellar assembly could be reversibly photocontrolled.
Catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction by Ni12P5 single crystalline nanoplates and spherical nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Shan Aixian , Cui Yimin , Wang Rongming , Chen Chinping
Published: November 2018

Ni12P5 nanoplates composed of the {2̄ 1 1} surface showed higher hydrogen evolution activity than Ni12P5 nanoparticles.
Semi-solid-state aluminium–air batteries with electrolytes composed of aluminium chloride hydroxide with various hydrophobic additives
Authors: Mori Ryohei
Published: November 2018

Semi-solid-state Al–air batteries with solid electrolytes prepared by mixing AlCl3·6H2O and various hydrophobic additives were prepared and tested.
van der Waals interaction-induced photoluminescence weakening and multilayer growth in epitaxially aligned WS2
Authors: Ji Hyun Goo , Maruyama Mina , Aji Adha Sukma , Okada Susumu , Matsuda Kazunari , Ago Hiroki
Published: November 2018

Influence of sapphire substrate on the epitaxial growth of WS2 was investigated in terms of the optical and electrical properties.
Counteraction of denaturant-induced protein unfolding is a general property of stabilizing agents
Authors: Cozzolino Serena , Oliva Rosario , Graziano Giuseppe , Del Vecchio Pompea
Published: November 2018

Five stabilizing agents are able to counteract the destabilizing action of four denaturants, regardless of the chemical structure of the cosolutes.
Internal dynamics of cyclohexanol and the cyclohexanol–water adduct
Authors: Juanes Marcos , Li Weixing , Spada Lorenzo , Evangelisti Luca , Lesarri Alberto , Caminati Walther
Published: November 2018

Two for a tango: the rotational spectrum of a cyclohexanol–water dimer evidences a concerted motion of the water molecule and the hydroxyl group of the ring.
Bareversusprotected tetrairidium clusters by density functional theory
Authors: Piotrowski Maurício J. , Nagurniak Glaucio R. , Silva Eder H. da , Parreira Renato L. T.
Published: November 2018

The lowest energy configuration of the tetrairidium cluster is a square planar isomer in bare case, while the tetrahedral configuration is assumed in different chemical environments.
Properties of perhalogenated {closo-B10} and {closo-B11} multiply charged anions and a critical comparison with {closo-B12} in the gas and the condensed phase
Authors: Warneke Jonas , Konieczka Szymon Z. , Hou Gao-Lei , Aprà Edoardo , Kerpen Christoph , Keppner Fabian , Schäfer Thomas C. , Deckert Michael , Yang Zheng , Bylaska Eric J. , Johnson Grant E. , Laskin Julia , Xantheas Sotiris S. , Wang Xue-Bin , Finze Maik
Published: November 2018

Dependence of electronic properties and reactivity of closo-borates with size and halogen substituent was investigated.
Toward reliable characterization of energetic materials: interplay of theory and thermal analysis in the study of the thermal stability of tetranitroacetimidic acid (TNAA)
Authors: Kiselev Vitaly G. , Muravyev Nikita V. , Monogarov Konstantin A. , Gribanov Pavel S. , Asachenko Andrey F. , Fomenkov Igor V. , Goldsmith C. Franklin , Pivkina Alla N. , Gritsan Nina P.
Published: November 2018

Kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition of tetranitroacetimidic acid, a novel green energetic material, were studied using complementary thermoanalytical methods (DSC and TGA) and quantum chemistry (CCSD(T)-F12).
Charge transfer at the nanoscale and the role of the out-of-plane vibrations in the selection rules of surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Aranda Daniel , Valdivia Samuel , Avila Francisco J. , Soto Juan , Otero Juan C. , López-Tocón Isabel
Published: November 2018

The striking SERS enhancement of the out-of-plane 16b mode of pyridazine is due to resonant metal-to-molecule CT processes and not to the planar orientation of the adsorbate.
In situ topotactic fabrication of direct Z-scheme 2D/2D ZnO/ZnxCd1−xS single crystal nanosheet heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Li Shuangde , Wang Fengming , Li Yanmei , Gao Lina , Zhang Xiaorang , Lu Jun
Published: November 2018

The 2D/2D ZnO/ZnxCd1−xS single crystal nanosheet heterojunction exhibited high-performance hydrogen production activity.
Fabrication of CdS hierarchical multi-cavity hollow particles for efficient visible light CO2 reduction
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Sibo , Guan Bu Yuan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: November 2018

Novel CdS hierarchical multi-cavity hollow particles exhibit enhanced performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The activity is further boosted by loading of Au as the cocatalyst.
Atmospheric surfaces
Authors: Freedman Miriam , Bilde Merete , Donahue Neil M. , Glasius Marianne
Published: November 2018

Guest editors Miriam Freedman, Merete Bilde, Neil M. Donahue and Marianne Glasius introduce the Atmospheric Surfaces themed issue of Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts.
Exploiting nanoscale effects in phase change memories
Authors: Kersting Benedikt , Salinga Martin
Published: November 2018

Nano-confined phase change memory cells based on pure Sb have been electrically characterized.
Enhanced hot electron generation by inverse metal–oxide interfaces on catalytic nanodiode
Authors: Lee Hyosun , Yoon Sinmyung , Jo Jinwoung , Jeon Beomjoon , Hyeon Taeghwan , An Kwangjin , Park Jeong Young
Published: November 2018

Mechanistic understanding of hot electron dynamics at inverse oxide/metal interfaces from a new catalytic nanodiode that exhibits nanoscale metal–oxide interfaces.
Economic and environmental potentials for natural gas to enhance biomass-to-liquid fuels technologies
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Sahir Asad H. , Tan Eric C. D. , Talmadge Michael S. , Davis Ryan , Biddy Mary J. , Tao Ling
Published: November 2018

With the increased availability of low-cost natural gas, co-conversion of natural gas and biomass-to-liquid fuels has gained interest due to the potential to improve liquid fuel yields while lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
Metal-free construction of primary sulfonamides through three diverse salts
Authors: Wang Ming , Fan Qiaoling , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: November 2018

The first metal-free pathway to access primary sulfonamides has been developed through three diverse salts Na2S2O5, NaN3, and aryldiazonium.
Analytical atomic spectrometry in South America – increasing the development and international cooperation in atomic spectrometric analysis
Authors: Marlon de Moraes Flores Érico
Published: November 2018

Guest Editor, Érico Marlon de Moraes Flores, introduces the JAAS themed collection highlighting analytical atomic spectrometry in South America.
Discovery of a 3,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazole agonist with high affinity and selectivity at the somatostatin subtype-4 (sst4) receptor
Authors: Daryaei Iman , Sandoval Karin , Witt Ken , Kontoyianni Maria , Michael Crider A.
Published: November 2018

A 1,2,4-triazole has been discovered with high affinity and selectivity at the somatostatin sub-type 4 (sst4) receptor.
Non-coordinative metal selectivity bias in human metallothioneins metal–thiolate clusters
Authors: Calvo Jenifer S. , Lopez Victor M. , Meloni Gabriele
Published: November 2018

Mammalian metallothioneins MT-2 and MT-3 contain two metal–thiolate clusters through cysteine coordination of d10 metals, Cu(i) and Zn(ii), and isoform-specific non-coordinating residues control their respective zinc– and copper–thionein character.
A scarce CC⋯CN π-hole interaction in (E)-isomers of 3-[(4-halogenphenyl)amino]-2-cyanoprop-2-enoates
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Ma Nana
Published: November 2018

A scarce and interesting CC⋯CN π-hole interaction has been found to occur in (E)-3-[(4-halogenphenyl)amino]-2-cyanoprop-2-enoates, which plays an essential role in defining the crystal packing patterns.
Crystal engineering with isosteric triether and triamine linked aromatic tri-carboxylic acids: iso-structurality and synthon interplay in their co-crystals and salts with bis(pyridyl) derivatives
Authors: Das Debarati , Roy Sandipan , Biradha Kumar
Published: November 2018

It was deomonstrated that the functional groups on the linker determine the molecular aggregation but not the similarity in molecular geometries.
Anchoring ultrafine RhNi nanoparticles on titanium carbides/manganese oxide as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation from hydrous hydrazine
Authors: Yin Bing , Wang Qingtao , Liu Tong , Gao Guanhui
Published: November 2018

RhNi NPs of 2.8 nm are successfully monodispersed on the bi-support MnOx/MXene surface.
A new “ON–OFF–ON” fluorescent probe for sequential detection of Fe3+ and PPi based on 2-pyridin-2-ylethanamine and benzimidazo [2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one-12-carboxylic acid
Authors: Xu Yuankang , Liu Xiaogang , Zhao Jinyan , Wang Hanyu , Liu Zheng , Yang Xiaofeng , Pei Meishan , Zhang Guangyou
Published: November 2018

A new fluorescent probe X based on 2-pyridin-2-ylethanamine and benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one-12-carboxylic acid was designed and synthesized for the detection of Fe3+ and PPi.
3D water-stable europium metal organic frameworks as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor for high-efficiency detection of Cr2O72−, MnO4−, Cr3+ ions and SDBS in aqueous solution
Authors: Yang Shuai-Liang , Yuan Yue-Ying , Sun Pei-Pei , Lin Tian , Zhang Chen-Xi , Wang Qing-Lun
Published: November 2018

A 3D water-stable europium metal organic framework has been synthesized. Fluorescence measurements show that the MOF can selectively and sensitively detect Cr2O72−, MnO4−, Cr3+ ions and SDBS in aqueous solutions.
A new fluorescent–colorimetric chemosensor for cobalt(ii) ions based on bis-benzimidazolium salt with three anthraquinone groups
Authors: Liu Qing-Xiang , Hu Ze-Liang , Zhao Zhi-Xiang
Published: November 2018

A novel colorimetric chemosensor was prepared, and its recognition performance for Co2+ was investigated by the fluorescence method and color change.
Green catalysis for the selective oxidation of sulfides with high turnover numbers in water at room temperature
Authors: Zhao Wei , Yang Chunxia , Sun Hongxian , Cheng Zhiguo , Chang Tao
Published: November 2018

A hybrid catalyst based on monoprotonated divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate ([γ-HPV2W10O40]4−) was synthesized and used for the selective oxidation of sulfides.
Preparation and electrochemical performance of NiCo2O4@NiCo2O4 composite nanoplates for high performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Anil Kumar Yedluri , Kim Hee-Je
Published: November 2018

Currently, enormous attention is being paid to the difficult design and synthesis of hierarchical nanosheet structures for high-performance supercapacitors.
Self-passivated ultra-thin SnS layersviamechanical exfoliation and post-oxidation
Authors: Higashitarumizu Naoki , Kawamoto Hayami , Nakamura Masaru , Shimamura Kiyoshi , Ohashi Naoki , Ueno Keiji , Nagashio Kosuke
Published: November 2018

An SnS layer with a monolayer thickness was realized with a stable SnOxpassivation layerviamechanical exfoliation, followed by moderate oxygen annealing.
Transistor configuration yields energy level control in protein-based junctions
Authors: Kayser Ben , Fereiro Jerry A. , Guo Cunlan , Cohen Sidney R. , Sheves Mordechai , Pecht Israel , Cahen David
Published: November 2018

The incorporation of proteins as functional components in electronic junctions has received much interest recently due to their diverse bio-chemical and physical properties.
Manipulating three-dimensional bending to extraordinarily stiffen two-dimensional membranes by interference colors
Authors: Zhu Yuwei , Wang Peng , Xiao Si , He Song , Chen Jiazhang , Jiang Yilin , Wang Yiduo , He Jun , Gao Yongli
Published: November 2018

Detecting the dynamic 3D mapping of 2D nanosheets under external forces in real time by using interference colors.
Synthesis of highly stable red-emissive carbon polymer dots by modulated polymerization: from the mechanism to application in intracellular pH imaging
Authors: Xia Jie , Chen Shuai , Zou Guang-Yue , Yu Yong-Liang , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: November 2018

A novel red emissive carbonaceous nanostructure, i.e., R-CPDs, is synthesized through a modulated polymerization method and applied for intracellular pH imaging.
Correction: Liposomes loading sodium chloride as effective thermo-seeds for microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Qunfang , Wu Songsong , Gong Ningqiang , Li Xin , Dou Jianping , Mu Mengjuan , Yu Xiaoling , Yu Jie , Liang Ping
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Liposomes loading sodium chloride as effective thermo-seeds for microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma’ by Jie Yu, Ping Liang et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 11068–11076.
Organocatalytic asymmetric syntheses of 3-fluorooxindoles containing vicinal fluoroamine motifs
Authors: Zheng Bu-Quan , Chen Ling-Yan , Zhao Jian-Bo , Ji Jian , Qiu Zi-Bin , Ren Xinfeng , Li Ya
Published: November 2018

Fully substituted 3-fluorooxindoles containing vicinal fluoroamine motifs have been synthesized through organocatalytic Mannich reactions of 3-fluorooxindoles.
New 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid-based meroterpenoids with BACE1 and AchE inhibitory activities from Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Qi Changxing , Qiao Yuben , Gao Weixi , Liu Mengting , Zhou Qun , Chen Chunmei , Lai Yongji , Xue Yongbo , Zhang Jinwen , Li Dongyan , Wang Jianping , Zhu Hucheng , Hu Zhengxi , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Yonghui
Published: November 2018

Chemical investigation of Aspergillus terreus resulted in the identification of terreusterpenes A–D with potential BACE1 and AchE inhibitory activities.
An improved HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of propranolol and its two phase I metabolites in plasma of infants with hemangioma and its application to a comparative study of plasma concentrations
Authors: He Huan , Li Li , Zhao Libo , Sun Ning , Zhang Meng , Cheng Ying , Yu Lu , Ma Lin , Wang Xiaoling
Published: November 2018

Comparative study of propranolol, 4-hydroxypropranolol and N-desisopropylpropranolol in the plasma of infants with hemangioma after oral administration of different doses of propranolol.
pH-responsive and porous vancomycin-loaded PLGA microspheres: evidence of controlled and sustained release for localized inflammation inhibition in vitro
Authors: Yu Xiaoling , Pan Qingqing , Zheng Zongfu , Chen Yongzhong , Chen Yuyuan , Weng Shaohuang , Huang Liying
Published: November 2018

pH-responsive and porous vancomycin-loaded PLGA microspheres were developed for adequate delivery of antibiotics to infected sites.
Shifts in microbial community structure and diversity in a novel waterfall biofilm reactor combined with MBBR under light and dark conditions
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Lutian , Chen Ping , Pu Yuewu
Published: November 2018

In this study, a novel, low-cost, easy-maintenance and effective waterfall aeration biofilm reactor (WFBR) was designed to treat wastewater with MBBR.
Retracted Article: Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes proliferation, autophagy and inhibits apoptosis by regulating microRNA-30c/ATG5 axis in gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Mingjian , Zhao Hongbo , Sheng Min , Li Hui
Published: November 2018

Gastric cancer (GC) is a great threat to human health and life.