bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Analysis of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with Mixed Boundary Conditions
Authors: M.Rajaram  , A.Meena
Published: February 2025

The solution of author’s mathematical model of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a Casson fluid is discussed.  The given nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The simple and closed form analytical expression for concentration profiles is provided. The compatibility of analytical results with simulation results can be observed from the graphs and table presented.
Process Optimization for Development of Extruded Snack from Brown Rice-Amaranth-Moringa Seed Powder Blend
Authors: Jaipal Manoj Kumar , Sutar RF , Dixit Ashish , V Ramesh , Joshi Niravkumar D.
Published: February 2025

The study was aimed at utilizing brown rice, germinated amaranth and moringa seed powder in the development of nutritious extruded product. The extruded product was optimized by employing Response Surface Methodology using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The experiment consists of three independent variables each having five different levels. The process variables were selected as feed moisture content (8-16%), blend ratio of brown rice flour: germinated amaranth flour: defatted moringa seed powder (50:45:5, 50:40:10, 50:35:15, 50:30:20 and 50:25:25) and barrel temperature (100-140ºC). Optimization was done on the basis of product responses i.e. bulk density, expansion ratio and hardness. The values of bulk density, expansion ratio and hardness of extruded products ranged between 0.06 to 0.35 g/cm2, 2.30 to 3.34 and 497.48 to 1425.17 g, respectively. The optimum values of extrusion conditions obtained through numerical optimization were blend ratio (50:30:20), feed moisture content (12%) and barrel temperature (1300C). The corresponding predicted values for bulk density, expansion ratio and hardness was 0.0964 g/cm3, 3.33 and 617.16 g, respectively with desirability 0.912. Whereas the corresponding experimental values for bulk density, expansion ratio and hardness were 0.0939 g/cm3, 3.35 and 635.56 g, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that the brown rice, germinated amaranth and defatted moringa seed has potential to be incorporated in the development of nutritious extruded snacks.
Evaluation of Genotypes of Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp) Varieties for Resistance to Thrips (Megalurothrips sjöstedti) in Burkina Faso
Authors: Hamadou Sidibe , Boureima Sakande , Daouda Ouedraogo
Published: February 2025

Aims: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) is one of the most important grain legumes grown in all arid and semi-arid zones of Africa. Its production helps to combat malnutrition and poverty, and contributes to food self-sufficiency. However, its production comes up against numerous abiotic and biotic constraints, including floricultural insects such as thrips (Megalurothrips sjöstedti), which are small insects. They belong to the order Thysanoptera, family Thripidae, and cause considerable damage to cowpea crops, especially at flowering time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of eight lines from Burkina Faso compared with the thrips-resistant line (TVx3236) from the IITA collection (Nigeria).
Methodology: A completely randomized block design with three replications in two trials (PT treated plot and PNT untreated plot) was used for the experiment.
Results: Results showed that some varieties were resistant to thrips, while others were susceptible. The resistant genotypes were those with a low number of thrips per flower and high pod production.
On this basis, KVx780-1 is the best genotype compared with KVx780-6 for varieties currently being popularized. Nafi variety is the best compared with the varieties popularized in 2012 (Nafi, Gourgou, Komcallé and Tiligré).
Conclusion: In the case of the varieties that were previously popularized, the results confirmed the susceptibility of KN-1 variety, the tolerance of variety KVx165-14-1 and the resistance of the variety TVx3236.
A Study on Occurrence of Ascites Associated with Hepatic Origin in Dogs
Authors: Mathur Riya , Pradhan Shashi , Gupta Devendra Kumar , Mishra Apoorva , Pratap Aditya , Jain Sachin , Pathak Salil Kumar , Sachdev Harshit Kaur , Tyagi Rita , Kumar Dushyant
Published: February 2025

The present study was undertaken to investigate the diagnosis and therapeutic management of ascites in dogs associated with hepatic origin. During the study period, from May 2024 to October 2024, a total of 2948 dogs presented at VCC, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur (M.P.) were screened. Among them, 186 dogs had abdominal distension, out of which 44 cases of ascites were confirmed after ultrasonography. The parameters like age, sex and breed pertaining to ascitic dogs were recorded to study the epidemiological pattern of canine ascites. The overall occurrence of ascites in dogs among the total dog population was recorded as 1.49% and among the suspected dogs, the occurrence was 23.66%. Age wise occurrence was significantly higher in 3-6 years of age i.e. 31.03%. The breed wise highest occurrence of ascites was recorded in the Non-descript breed of dogs i.e. 33.33%. Gender wise occurrence was observed significantly higher in females i.e. 24.51%. Ascites associated with hepatic origin was identified as the underlying cause in 52.27% (23/44).
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Studies in Chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.)
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Katiyar Manoj , Muttepawar Suraj , Kumar Rohit , Kumar Anuj , Vikrant  , Nayak Amrit Kumar , Pathak Vijaya Nand
Published: February 2025

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an essential legume for sustainable agriculture and human nutrition, exhibits considerable genetic variability that holds promise for varietal improvement. This study evaluated 40 diverse chickpea genotypes during the Rabi season of 2021–22 at the Oil Seed Research Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Significant genetic variability was observed across key agronomic traits, including days to 50% flowering (73.67–95.67), plant height (25.55–42.47 cm), days to maturity (125.33–150.00), and grain yield per plant (8.38–18.63 g). Traits such as 100-seed weight (37.71–65.48 g), biological yield (11.14–31.84 g), and harvest index (21.83%–36.13%) demonstrated high genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic advance, indicating the predominance of additive gene action. High heritability and genetic advance were observed for traits like pods per plant, biological yield, and 100-seed weight, suggesting these are promising targets for selection in breeding programs. Early flowering genotypes and those with superior seed weight and grain yield emerged as candidates for improving productivity and adaptability under diverse agroecological conditions. Additionally, traits with strong positive correlations with seed yield, such as the number of pods per plant and biological yield, offer valuable insights for breeding strategies.
A Comprehensive Epidemiological Study on Dermatophytosis in Dogs in Jabalpur, India
Authors: Sachdev Harshit Kaur , Pradhan Shashi , Tiwari Amita , Gupta Vandana , Tripathi Syamantak Mani , Pathak Salil Kumar , Soni Aditya Pratap , Mathur Riya , Kumar Dushyant , Tyagi Rita
Published: February 2025

Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal infection of keratinized tissue. The disease is of significant veterinary and public health importance due to its zoonotic potential, posing risks to both animals and humans. The present study was undertaken to investigate occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs. During the study period, from May to October 2024, a total of 2468 dogs were screened which were presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur (M.P.). Among them, 225 dogs were suspected for dermatological disorders and 43 dogs were found to be positive for dermatophytosis. The occurrence of different dermatological disorders was recorded highest in Pyoderma (20.89%), followed by dermatophytosis (19.11%), others (18.67%), Malassezia dermatitis (15.11%), mange in (13.78%) and tick and flea infestation (12.44%). The overall occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs was recorded as 1.74% and among the suspected dogs, the occurrence was 19.11%. Age wise occurrence was significantly higher in 0-1 years of age (38.10%). Gender wise occurrence was observed significantly higher in males (25.93%). The breed wise highest occurrence of dermatophytosis was recorded in the Labrador breed of dogs (24.39%). The most prevalent clinical signs observed in canine dermatophytosis were alopecia (86.00%), scales (74.40%), crusts (74.40%), circular lesions (72.10%), pruritis (58.10%), erythema (51.20%), hyperpigmentation (46.50) and pustules and papules (34.90%). The lesions were predominantly seen on hind limbs (69.77%) followed by forelimbs (67.44%), dorsum (65.12%), face, head and neck (62.79%), paws (55.81%), interdigital space (48.84%), tail (41.86%) and abdomen (13.95%).
Effect of Enriched Coconut Shell Biochar on Soil Properties and Soybean (Glycine max L.) Yield in Acidic Soils of Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Manikanta Basavarajappa , Mamatha B , Veeranagappa P , Venkategowda J , Saralakumari J , Mallikarjunagowda A P
Published: February 2025

A two-season field study was conducted at ICAR-KVK, Hadonahalli, which is located in the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, to evaluate the influence of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and zinc-enriched coconut shell biochar on soil biological properties, nutrient bioavailability and soybean (Glycine max L.) yield in acidic soils. 13 treatments, including a control, package of practice and various combinations of PSB and zinc-enriched biochar were assessed in randomised complete block design at P=0.05 level of significance. The biochar was characterized for its physical properties, including bulk density (0.38 Mg m-3), water holding capacity (76.27%) and chemical properties including pH (9.52), electrical conductivity (1.12 dS m-1) and nutrient composition. Results indicated significant improvements in soil dehydrogenase activity, phosphatase activity and major nutrient bioavailability (N, P, K and Zn) in treatments receiving 100% NPK, PSB enriched FYM at 3.125 t ha-1 and different doses of zinc enriched Biochar at 5 t ha-1 compared to the control and package of practice. Soybean yield was maximized under treatments combining PSB-enriched FYM and zinc-enriched biochar, with the highest yield observed in T6 (23.61 q ha-1). The enhanced yield was attributed to improved soil health and nutrient dynamics by PSB and biochar. These findings underscore the potential of PSB and zinc-enriched biochar as sustainable amendments for enhancing soil fertility, crop productivity, and nutrient use efficiency in acidic soils.
Performance Evaluation of Integrated Deep Learning and Ensemble Methods for Epileptic Seizure Detection
Authors: Talmees Fayez A. , Affandi Adnan M.
Published: February 2025

Automated seizure detection from EEG data is essential for improving the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy. This study evaluates multiple machine learning and deep learning models to identify the most accurate and efficient approach for seizure detection across two distinct EEG datasets. The models analyzed include a novel Voting Classifier ensemble (combining SVM, Random Forest, and XGBoost), CNN, DWT-based DNN, MDBCN, and standalone SVM, Random Forest, and XGBoost classifiers. Among these, the Voting Classifier consistently demonstrated superior performance, achieving 100% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores with competitive computation times of 9.63 seconds and 15 seconds on the two datasets, respectively. Other models showed strong performance, but with notable limitations, such as high computational demands or reduced recall in certain cases. These findings highlight the Voting Classifier's balance of accuracy and efficiency, establishing it as a reliable solution for automated seizure detection. Future research will focus on optimizing computationally intensive models, exploring hybrid approaches, validating on diverse datasets, and integrating these techniques into real-time systems to enhance patient care.
Impact of Calcium Sources and Application Methods on Micronutrient Content in Leaves and Fruits of High-density Apple Varieties
Authors: Mir Lareb , Habib Tanzeela , Kumar Raju , Gull Ishrat , Sheikh Yawer Ahmad , Shahnaz Efath , Dar Shahnawaz Rasool
Published: February 2025

Background: Kashmir is famous for quality apples and overall higher production in India, but poor post-harvest storage infrastructure in region degrades its market acceptability. Maintaining calcium adequacy supply to plant is thus essential to enhance post-harvest shelf life and lessen the incidence of physiological disorders. Calcium use however declines few micronutrients availability in plant leaves and fruits.
Objective: Evaluate effect of calcium use on micronutrient content in fruits and leaves of two apple varieties.
Methods: Different calcium sources (calcium chloride and calcium nitrate), variable doses (3, 4 and 5 gram per liter of water in foliar spray and 100, 200 and 300 gram per plant in soil application), and their mode of application (soil and foliar) on two apple varieties (Golden Delicious and Red Chief Camspur) comprising 24 treatment combinations were tested.
Results: Foliar application of calcium nitrate is an effective method for reducing drastic decline of essential micronutrient content particularly iron, zinc and boron in fruit and leaves of apple compared to its soil application or foliar application of calcium chloride, later two strongly reduces micronutrient content beyond required limits in both fruits and leaves if used at higher doses. The partitioning of micronutrients particularly iron, zinc and boron decreased with every increased dosage of calcium in plant leaves and fruits in both varieties. Micronutrients significantly declined over control and this decrease was reliant on calcium sources, dosage, and mode of application. Results of research revealed that at higher doses of calcium the iron, zinc and boron content in leaves of apple declined below 150, 41 and 35 ppm respectively, whereas respective micronutrient decline in fruit was below 1, 0.5 and 1 ppm respectively. Our study did find adversity of dosage and mode of application in maintaining required zinc, iron and boron content of fruit and leaf over control particularly in 5 gram per liter of water in foliar spray and 300 gram per plant in soil application.
Conclusion: Orchardist cannot neglect importance of calcium use in apple for enhancing its shelf life, but instead of using calcium chloride use of calcium nitrate is better option to meet required calcium demands of apple. Alternate sprays of micronutrient mixture containing zinc, iron and boron is recommended to meet desired concentration of these micronutrients in fruit for better nutritive value.
Using TOGAF for Migration of Monolith Systems to Microservices
Authors: Chavan Ashwin
Published: February 2025

Switching from monoliths to a microservices architecture is a significant turning point in today’s business world and helps to overcome issues in modern systems, including but not limited to scalability limitations, high rigidity, and system vulnerability. This research assesses how TOGAF’s ADM can help support this transition alongside employing Agile for step-by-step progress. Building on TOGAF’s phased approach, the research reveals systematic scalability by improving the system by 40% and decreasing downtime by 30% in a high-traffic period. Furthermore, using such a transition approach reduced business interruption by 25 % by employing hybrid migration strategies. Integrating through agile implies that changes can be done in cycles to enhance the framework's efficiency and minimize a program’s technical deficiencies. For example, implementing the containerization tool Kubernetes improved deployment and thus cut down the time to market by 20%. In addition, TOGAF’s governance framework manages risks effectively and has driven and aligned them with business objectives to maintain compliance standards, as discussed by a financial institution that achieved a 35% reduction of operation risks during migration. This paper also discusses the issue of organizational resistance and complications that come with distributed systems, and a recommendation is made whereby stakeholders' resistance is countered and feedback from users is considered to maintain strategic directions. The study's findings show real-case examples of how such modernization can be done while maintaining integrity and advantage for enterprises.
The Impact of Anuloma Viloma Pranayama on Pulmonary Function in Individuals with Reduced Lung Reserve Post-COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Authors: K. Anupa , Alva Rashmitha , Nair Abhishek Ravi , Shetty Vanitha S , Shetty Prajna Prashanth , G Deeksha Shenoy
Published: February 2025

Objective: The primary objective of this literature review was to investigate the effects of Anuloma Viloma Pranayama (AVP) on individuals with reduced lung reserve resulting from COVID-19.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a significant public health crisis, often leading to severe respiratory complications in affected individuals. Patients frequently experienced dyspnea, which rapidly progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and other critical conditions. These complications have been associated with diminished pulmonary function, reduced respiratory muscle strength, and a decline in activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QoL).
Methodology: A comprehensive electronic search of published research articles was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and others. The search aimed to identify studies evaluating the effects of AVP on individuals with compromised lung reserve due to COVID-19. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pilot studies, were selected for this literature review.
Results: This review explored the mechanisms through which AVP influences lung function and found that it significantly benefits COVID-19 patients by enhancing pulmonary reserve and improving their overall quality of life.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that AVP can serve as a complementary intervention to improve pulmonary reserve in COVID-19 patients. Regular practice of this breathing technique may help mitigate pulmonary complications and enhance overall well-being, with no reported adverse effects.
EXPECTATIVAS DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS EM RELAÇÃO AO JORNALISMO BRASILEIRO CONTEMPORÂNEO: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO NUMA UNIVERSIDADE COMUNITÁRIA PAULISTA
Authors: Caruso Profeta Guilherme Augusto , Celestino Marcio José
Published: February 2025

Este artigo foi guiado pela seguinte questão norteadora: quais expectativas têm os estudantes universitários em relação ao jornalismo brasileiro contemporâneo? Seu objetivo geral foi contribuir para a compreensão dessas expectativas, categorizando-as de acordo com diferentes modelos (teorias) que explicam o fenômeno jornalístico. Para isso, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado online oferecido aos estudantes de graduação de uma universidade comunitária de São Paulo, no Brasil. Verificou-se que 40,6% dos respondentes alinham suas expectativas a um entendimento idealista e normativo do jornalismo, ancorado na neutralidade do jornalista como um valor fundamental; 32,9% compreendem o jornalismo como uma distorção sistemática da realidade e/ou como uma força antagônica às suas visões de mundo; somente 5,1% mencionam em suas respostas a compreensão da impossibilidade de uma linguagem totalmente neutra, admitindo em algum nível que jornalistas e veículos assumam posições críticas declaradas. Entende-se que esta pesquisa pode contribuir para uma melhor compreensão de tensões contemporâneas no campo do jornalismo, além de ajudar a embasar práticas de educação midiática.
ENTRE A INFORMAÇÃO E A SÁTIRA: NOVAS NARRATIVAS A PARTIR DO USO DE MEMES NO JORNALISMO DIGITAL DO ESTADÃO E G1
Authors: Leão Borba Lins Juliana , Kalume Maranhão Ana Carolina
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a inserção de uma nova forma expressiva dentro do jornalismo on-line por meio dos memes de internet. A pesquisa toma como ponto de partida o trabalho seminal de Bakhtin (2016) sobre os gêneros do discurso. A fundamentação teórica parte de uma reflexão sobre o pensamento do autor e um diálogo sobre os processos de produção jornalística, a partir da visão de gênero presente na obra de José Marques de Melo (2020). A metodologia empreendida toma como base a construção de uma pesquisa qualitativa, incluindo as etapas de revisão bibliográfica e a realização de um estudo de caso descritivo e da análise visual em dois relevantes jornais on-line no Brasil: Estadão e G1. A busca é pelo entendimento sobre a fundamentação de um novo gênero ou simplesmente a apresentação de um novo formato narrativo.
Prevalence of Immunosuppression Among US Adults
Authors: Martinson Melissa L. , Lapham Jessica
Published: February 2024

This analysis presents population prevalence estimates of immunosuppression among US adults using data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey.
What Would Another Trump Presidency Mean for Health Care?
Authors: Levitt Larry
Published: February 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses the uncertain aspects of Trump’s agenda, including potential changes to the Affordable Care Act, abortion and reproductive health, prescription drugs and health care services, and immigration.
TPX2 overexpression promotes sensitivity to dasatinib in breast cancer by activating YAP transcriptional signaling
Authors: Marugán Carlos , Sanz‐Gómez Natalia , Ortigosa Beatriz , Monfort‐Vengut Ana , Bertinetti Cristina , Teijo Ana , González Marta , Alonso de la Vega Alicia , Lallena María José , Moreno‐Bueno Gema , de Cárcer Guillermo
Published: February 2024

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer aggressiveness, providing genetic plasticity and tumor heterogeneity that allows the tumor to evolve and adapt to stress conditions. CIN is considered a cancer therapeutic biomarker because healthy cells do not exhibit CIN. Despite recent efforts to identify therapeutic strategies related to CIN, the results obtained have been very limited. CIN is characterized by a genetic signature where a collection of genes, mostly mitotic regulators, are overexpressed in CIN‐positive tumors, providing aggressiveness and poor prognosis. We attempted to identify new therapeutic strategies related to CIN genes by performing a drug screen, using cells that individually express CIN‐associated genes in an inducible manner. We find that the overexpression of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) enhances sensitivity to the proto‐oncogene c‐Src (SRC) inhibitor dasatinib due to activation of the Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP) pathway. Furthermore, using breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a cohort of cancer‐derived patient samples, we find that both TPX2 overexpression and YAP activation are present in a significant percentage of cancer tumor samples and are associated with poor prognosis; therefore, they are putative biomarkers for selection for dasatinib therapy.
Soft Chemiresistive Sensing Shields Soft Robotic Actuators from Mechanical Degradation due to Critical Solvent Exposure
Authors: Georgopoulou Antonia , Eckey Louisa Marie , Clemens Frank
Published: February 2024

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are popular for fabricating soft actuators thanks to their compatibility with thermoplastic processing methods, like material extrusion additive manufacturing. However, these TPEs are susceptible to nonpolar solvents, and upon exposure, the mechanical properties can diminish significantly. Herein, soft chemiresistive sensing elements based on thermoplastic elastomers and carbon black (CB) are developed for detecting the presence of nonpolar solvents. A low CB concentration (20% w/w) leads to a faster response for detecting the presence of nonpolar solvents. A threshold value of the electrical current is defined by tensile testing, based on exposure time that does not diminish the mechanical properties. Exposure to solvent vapor above 150 s decreases the elongation at fracture significantly (450%). To achieve nociceptive behavior for a sensorized soft actuator and shield the actuator from structural damage, this threshold value is used for programming a closed‐loop control motion system. When the threshold value is reached, the actuator withdraws from the solvent surface autonomously. However, this threshold decreases with parameters like the solvent temperature and sensor distance from the solvent surface. Overall, adding soft chemiresistive elements into elastomer‐based soft robots extends their lifetime, by preventing damage in harsh chemical atmospheres.
Diffusion Control on the Van der Waals Surface of Monolayers for Uniform Bi‐Layer MoS2 Growth
Authors: Kim Tae Soo , Noh Gichang , Kwon Seongdae , Kim Ji Yoon , Dhakal Krishna P. , Oh Saeyoung , Chai Hyun‐Jun , Park Eunpyo , Kim In Soo , Lee Eunji , Kim Youngbum , Lee Jaehyun , Jo Min‐kyung , Kang Minsoo , Park Cheolmin , Kim Jeongho , Park Jeongwon , Kim Suhyun , Kim Mingyu , Kim Yuseok , Choi Sung‐Yool , Song Seungwoo , Jeong Hu Young , Kim Jeongyong , Kwak Joon Young , Kang Kibum
Published: February 2024

2D MoS2 has gained attention for the post‐silicon material owing to its atomically thin nature and dangling bond‐free surface. The bi‐layer MoS2 is considered a promising material for electronic devices due to its better electrical properties than monolayer MoS2. However, the uniform growth of bi‐layer MoS2 is still challenging. Herein, the uniform growth of bi‐layer MoS2 is demonstrated using gas‐phase alkali metal‐assisted metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (GAA‐MOCVD). Thanks to enhanced metal reactant diffusion length in GAA‐MOCVD, the uniform growth of bi‐layer MoS2 film is achieved even at fast nucleation kinetics for a shorter growth time compared to previously reported MOCVD. The bi‐layer MoS2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) show superior electrical properties such as sheet conductance and electron mobility than monolayer MoS2 FETs. The electron mobility of bi‐layer MoS2 FETs with bismuth contacts reaches a maximum of 92.35 cm2 V−1 s−1. Using the partially grown epitaxial bi‐layer (PGEB) MoS2, it is demonstrated that a photodetector showed a near‐infrared photoresponse with a low dark current that is advantageous for both monolayer and bi‐layer applications. The potential expansion of the growth technique to layer‐by‐layer growth can result in boosted performance across a wide spectrum of electronic and optoelectronic devices employing MoS2.
Tailoring the Function of Battery Separators via the Design of MOF Coatings
Authors: Zhou Liyuan , Pan Hongwei , Yin Guijie , Xiang Yang , Tan Pingping , Li Xu , Jiang Yinzhu , Xu Maowen , Zhang Xuan
Published: February 2024

Separators serve as critical components in batteries, bearing the responsibility for battery safety. In addition to the demand for increased flame resistance of separators, there is a growing interest in the additional functions of battery separators. In this work, a multifunctional coating integration strategy is proposed for battery separators via the versatility of metal–organic frameworks. A versatile and high‐safety MIP‐202@2320 composite separator is engineered and it is integrated into lithium–sulfur batteries. The presence of Cl− and the porous structure of MIP‐202 impart flame‐retardant characteristics and high electrolyte retention (80%) to resulting separators. Moreover, coupled with the negatively charged electron cloud formed by Cl− ions within the channels, it can selectively impede the polysulfides from migrating toward the anode, while concurrently facilitating the movement of Li+ ions. The assembled lithium–sulfur battery with MIP‐202@2320 as the separator maintains an impressive 71.8% capacity retention even after 600 cycles at a 0.5C rate. This multifunctional integration strategy not only boosts the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries but also pioneers a new direction for the design of future battery separators for different kinds of batteries.
Nanoengineered Functional Cellulose Ionic Conductor Toward High‐ Performance All‐Solid‐State Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Tu Wen‐Bin , Liang Shuang , Song Li‐Na , Wang Xiao‐Xue , Ji Gui‐Juan , Xu Ji‐Jing
Published: February 2024

The rechargeable zinc‐ion battery is regarded as a promising candidate for the next‐generation energy storage system, however, zinc dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have greatly hindered the practical application of the battery. Herein, a functionalized, nano‐engineering Zn2+ coordinated carboxylate cellulose solid‐state electrolyte (denoted as Zn‐CCNF@XG) for zinc‐ion battery is constructed through a straightforward approach. According to the experimental and density functional theory (DFT) results of dissociation energy, the notably decreased dissociation energy by −COOH is favorable to Zn2+ de‐coordinating and rapid ion‐hopping in Zn‐CCNF@XG to achieve high ionic conductivity and transference number. More importantly, the engineered molecular channels are beneficial to enlarging the distance between the nanofibril chains, providing a larger space for the movement of Zn2+. Benefiting from the coordination of Zn2+ with −OH in carboxylate cellulose nanofibrils, Zn‐CCNF@XG as a good ionic conductor displays a high ionic conductivity of 1.17 × 10−4 S cm−1 and transference number of 0.78. The Zn||NaV3O8·1.5H2O full cell with Zn‐CCNF@XG maintains a capacity retention of 83.46% with a coulombic efficiency of 99.99% after 3000 cycles (1 A g−1). The proposed strategy by introducing a functional group to cellulose nanofibrils effectively avoids the dendrite and HER, providing valuable guidelines for the practical application of zinc‐ion batteries.
Patient‐Derived Organoids as Therapy Screening Platforms in Cancer Patients
Authors: Khorsandi Danial , Yang Jia‐Wei , Foster Samuel , Khosravi Safoora , Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi Negar , Zarei Fahimeh , Lee Yun Bin , Runa Farhana , Gangrade Ankit , Voskanian Leon , Adnan Darbaz , Zhu Yangzhi , Wang Zhaohui , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Shen Xiling , Bishehsari Faraz , Kelber Jonathan A. , Khademhosseini Ali , de Barros Natan Roberto
Published: February 2024

Patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) developed ex vivo and in vitro are increasingly used for therapeutic screening. They provide a more physiologically relevant model for drug discovery and development compared to traditional cell lines. However, several challenges remain to be addressed to fully realize the potential of PDOs in therapeutic screening. This paper summarizes recent advancements in PDO development and the enhancement of PDO culture models. This is achieved by leveraging materials engineering and microfabrication technologies, including organs‐on‐a‐chip and droplet microfluidics. Additionally, this work discusses the application of PDOs in therapy screening to meet diverse requirements and overcome bottlenecks in cancer treatment. Furthermore, this work introduces tools for data processing and analysis of organoids, along with their microenvironment. These tools aim to achieve enhanced readouts. Finally, this work explores the challenges and future perspectives of using PDOs in drug development and personalized screening for cancer patients.
Sensitive Organic Photodetectors With Spectral Response up to 1.3 µm Using a Quinoidal Molecular Semiconductor
Authors: Yin Bingyan , Zhou Xia , Li Yuyang , Hu Gangjian , Wei Wenkui , Yang Mingqun , Jeong Seonghun , Deng Wanyuan , Wu Baoqi , Cao Yunhao , Huang Bo , Pan Langheng , Yang Xiaoru , Fu Zhenyu , Fang Yanjun , Shen Liang , Yang Changduk , Wu Hongbin , Lan Linfeng , Huang Fei , Cao Yong , Duan Chunhui
Published: February 2024

Detecting short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) light has underpinned several emerging technologies. However, the development of highly sensitive organic photodetectors (OPDs) operating in the SWIR region is hindered by their poor external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and high dark currents. Herein, the development of high‐sensitivity SWIR‐OPDs with an efficient photoelectric response extending up to 1.3 µm is reported. These OPDs utilize a new ultralow‐bandgap molecular semiconductor featuring a quinoidal tricyclic electron‐deficient central unit and multiple non‐covalent conformation locks. The SWIR‐OPD achieves an unprecedented EQE of 26% under zero bias and an even more impressive EQE of up to 41% under a –4 V bias at 1.10 µm, effectively pushing the detection limit of silicon photodetectors. Additionally, the low energetic disorder and trap density in the active layer lead to significant suppression of thermal‐generation carriers and dark current, resulting in excellent detectivity (Dsh*) exceeding 1013 Jones from 0.50 to 1.21 µm and surpassing 1012 Jones even at 1.30 µm under zero bias, marking the highest achievements for OPDs beyond the silicon limit to date. Validation with photoplethysmography measurements, a spectrometer prototype in the 0.35–1.25 µm range, and image capture under 1.20 µm irradiation demonstrate the extensive applications of this SWIR‐OPD.
Sulfur Vacancy Related Optical Transitions in Graded Alloys of MoxW1‐xS2 Monolayers
Authors: Ghafariasl Mahdi , Zhang Tianyi , Ward Zachary D. , Zhou Da , Sanchez David , Swaminathan Venkataraman , Terrones Humberto , Terrones Mauricio , Abate Yohannes
Published: February 2024

Engineering electronic bandgaps is crucial for applications in information technology, sensing, and renewable energy. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer a versatile platform for bandgap modulation through alloying, doping, and heterostructure formation. Here, the synthesis of a 2D MoxW1‐xS2 graded alloy is reported, featuring a Mo‐rich center that transitions to W‐rich edges, achieving a tunable bandgap of 1.85 to 1.95 eV when moving from the center to the edge of the flake. Aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of sulfur monovacancy, VS, whose concentration varied across the graded MoxW1‐xS2 layer as a function of Mo content with the highest value in the Mo‐rich center region. Optical spectroscopy measurements supported by ab initio calculations reveal a doublet electronic state of VS, which is split due to the spin‐orbit interaction, with energy levels close to the conduction band or deep in the bandgap depending on whether the vacancy is surrounded by W atoms or Mo atoms. This unique electronic configuration of VS in the alloy gave rise to four spin‐allowed optical transitions between the VS levels and the valence bands. The study demonstrates the potential of defect and optical engineering in 2D monolayers for advanced device applications.
Modulating the Microenvironment of Coumarin Dyes within Multihierarchical Supraparticles: En Route toward Versatile Luminescent Dual‐Threshold Temperature Indicators with Ratiometric Readout
Authors: Reichstein Jakob , Luthardt Leoni , Martello Valentino Gabriel , Pianetti Andrea , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl
Published: February 2024

Temperature indicators trace (un)desired thermal impacts across their thermal history upon readout at every point of interest via defined irreversible signal changes. Ratiometric luminescent temperature indicators are attractive due to their fast, sensitive, contactless, spatially‐resolved, and self‐referenced readout. However, they have a limited working range as commonly only one specific temperature‐induced physicochemical effect is exploited. Herein, dual‐threshold temperature indicator supraparticles (SPs) are introduced that expand the working range of individual luminescent probes and enhance the extractable information on the thermal history. These SPs derive their functionality from the synergistic interplay of three spectrally distinguishable luminescent species assembled in one multihierarchical, micrometer‐sized particle of hybrid organic‐inorganic nature. This engineered nanostructure enables the stepwise modulation of the physicochemical microenvironment of two incorporated coumarin species at programmable threshold temperatures, resulting in distinct changes in their emission. As these changes are based on dye‐specific mechanisms that are induced in consecutive temperature regimes, the SPs achieve a scarcely reported broad working range (60–200 °C) with temperature‐dependent response times of minutes to seconds. From a broader perspective, the conceptualized SPs pioneer in how multiple individual luminescent probes with different excitation‐emission properties and indicator mechanisms are synergistically united in one advanced indicator system by precise material engineering.
Spatially Resolved Molecular Analysis of Host Response to Medical Device Implantation Using the 3D OrbiSIMS Highlights a Critical Role for Lipids
Authors: Suvannapruk Waraporn , Fisher Leanne E , Luckett Jeni C , Edney Max K , Kotowska Anna M , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Scurr David J , Ghaemmaghami Amir M , Alexander Morgan R
Published: February 2024

A key goal for implanted medical devices is that they do not elicit a detrimental immune response. Macrophages play critical roles in the modulation of the host immune response and are the cells responsible for persistent inflammatory reactions to implanted biomaterials. Two novel immune‐instructive polymers that stimulate pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory responses from macrophages in vitro are investigated. These also modulate in vivo foreign body responses (FBR) when implanted subcutaneously in mice. Immunofluorescent staining of tissue abutting the polymer reveals responses consistent with pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory responses previously described for these polymers. Three Dimensional OrbiTrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) analysis to spatially characterize the metabolites in the tissue surrounding the implant, providing molecular histology insight into the metabolite response in the host is applied. For the pro‐inflammatory polymer, monoacylglycerols (MG) and diacylglycerols (DG) are observed at increased intensity, while for the anti‐inflammatory coating, the number of phospholipid species detected decreased, and pyridine and pyrimidine levels are elevated. Small molecule signatures from single‐cell studies of M2 macrophages in vitro correlate with the in vivo observations, suggesting potential for prediction. Metabolite characterization by the 3D OrbiSIMS is shown to provide insight into the mechanism of bio‐instructive materials as medical devices and to inform on the FBR to biomaterials.
Integrated Multiomics Reveals Silencing of has_circ_0006646 Promotes TRIM21‐Mediated NCL Ubiquitination to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Hu Xin , Chen Guanrong , Huang Yingchen , Cheng Qiyang , Zhuo Jianyong , Su Renyi , He Chiyu , Wu Yichao , Liu Zhikun , Yang Beng , Wang Shuai , Meng Lijun , Zheng Shusen , Lu Di , Wei Qiang , Yang Jiayin , Wei Xuyong , Chen Ronggao , Xu Xiao
Published: February 2024

Recent studies suggest that circular RNA (circRNA)‐mediated post‐translational modification of RNA‐binding proteins (RBP) plays a pivotal role in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific mechanism and potential clinical therapeutic significance remain vague. This study attempts to profile the regulatory networks of circRNA and RBP using a multi‐omics approach. Has_circ_0006646 (circ0006646) is an unreported circRNA in HCC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Silencing of circ0006646 significantly hinders metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, circ0006646 prevents the interaction between nucleolin (NCL) and the E3 ligase tripartite motif‐containing 21 to reduce the proteasome‐mediated degradation of NCL via K48‐linked polyubiquitylation. Furthermore, the change of NCL expression is proven to affect the phosphorylation levels of multiple proteins and inhibit p53 translation. Moreover, patient‐derived tumor xenograft and lentivirus injection, which is conducted to simulate clinical treatment confirmed the potential therapeutic value. Overall, this study describes the integrated multi‐omics landscape of circRNA‐mediated NCL ubiquitination degradation in HCC metastasis and provides a novel therapeutic target.
Near Infrared Responsive Gold Nanorods Attenuate Osteoarthritis Progression by Targeting TRPV1
Authors: Li Weitong , Lv Zhongyang , Wang Peng , Xie Ya , Sun Wei , Guo Hu , Jin Xiaoyu , Liu Yuan , Jiang Ruiyang , Fei Yuxiang , Tan Guihua , Jiang Huiming , Wang Xucai , Liu Zizheng , Wang Zheng , Xu Nuo , Gong Wenli , Wu Rui , Shi Dongquan
Published: February 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease worldwide, with the main pathological manifestation of articular cartilage degeneration. It have been investigated that pharmacological activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) significantly alleviated cartilage degeneration by abolishing chondrocyte ferroptosis. In this work, in view of the thermal activated feature of TRPV1, Citrate‐stabilized gold nanorods (Cit‐AuNRs) is conjugated to TRPV1 monoclonal antibody (Cit‐AuNRs@Anti‐TRPV1) as a photothermal switch for TRPV1 activation in chondrocytes under near infrared (NIR) irradiation. The conjugation of TRPV1 monoclonal antibody barely affect the morphology and physicochemical properties of Cit‐AuNRs. Under NIR irradiation, Cit‐AuNRs@Anti‐TRPV1 exhibited good biocompatibility and flexible photothermal responsiveness. Intra‐articular injection of Cit‐AuNRs@Anti‐TRPV1 followed by NIR irradiation significantly activated TRPV1 and attenuated cartilage degradation by suppressing chondrocytes ferroptosis. The osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis are remarkably alleviated by NIR‐inspired Cit‐AuNRs@Anti‐TRPV1. Furthermore, the activation of TRPV1 by Cit‐AuNRs@Anti‐TRPV1 evidently improved physical activities and alleviated pain of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)‐induced OA mice. The study reveals Cit‐AuNRs@Anti‐TRPV1 under NIR irradiation protects chondrocytes from ferroptosis and attenuates OA progression, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA.
Texture Exposure of Unconventional (101)Zn Facet: Enabling Dendrite‐Free Zn Deposition on Metallic Zinc Anodes
Authors: Cheng Zihai , Wang Ke , Fu Jimin , Mo Funian , Lu Peng , Gao Jiantou , Ho Derek , Li Bo , Hu Haibo
Published: February 2024

Texturing metallic zinc anodes (MZAs) for selective exposure of (002)Zn plane with high thermodynamical stability is an efficient scheme for dendrite‐free Zn electrodeposition. However, fundamental factors that influence Zn deposition morphology via surface crystallographic texture engineering are not well understood. Herein, different from traditional cognition, MZAs with preferential exposure of (101)Zn facet are demonstrated to be equally effective in promoting dendrite‐free Zn deposition, which is enabled by introducing trace amount (0.01 m) of theophylline into ZnSO4 electrolyte. Experimental results and mathematical model corroborate, indicating mechanistically that the theophylline derived cations preferentially adsorb on the (002)Zn crystal plane due to higher adsorption energy, thereby accelerating its growth through increased binding affinity with Zn2+ ions. Consequently, this phenomenon facilitates the texture exposure of (101)Zn facet to achieve ordered surface crystallographic orientation of MZAs (101‐Zn), thus enabling electrodeposition/dissolution cycling over 650 h under a depth of discharge up to 40% and significantly boosting the rechargeability (76.7% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) of the 101‐Zn||carbon‐cloth@MnO2 full battery relative to counterpart without theophylline additive (36.3%). The work offers deep insights on the scientific links between the surface crystallographic orientation of MZAs and Zn deposition morphology, while opens up vast untapped opportunities to realize dendrite‐free MZAs.
Stable isotope profiling of farmed Penaeus monodon for the evaluation of feed efficiency
Authors: Simtoe Ambakisye P. , Lugendo Blandina R. , Mgaya Yunus D.
Published: February 2024

The current study profiled the dual isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in feeds and muscles of farmed Penaeus monodon for evaluation of feed efficiency in making up the prawn muscle. Signatures of both feed and resulted muscles of P. monodon were subjected to two‐ and three‐source linear mixing models to elucidate the contribution of each feed item in the building of the muscle. The results revealed that carbon and nitrogen in different feed substances have different influences on the growth and nutrient uptake by the prawn. Different growth stages showed isotopic switching within prawn muscles in the course of their building up. Generally, marine sources were the most enriched in both δ13C and δ15N. Likewise, δ13C of wild‐caught prawns (−16.30 ± 0.72‰) were superior over farmed prawns (−18.00 ± 0.59‰) (p < 0.01), whereas no significant differences were observed in δ15N values between wild (8.03 ± 0.65‰) and farmed (8.38 ± 1.39‰) (p > 0.01). The isotopic composition of P. monodon mirrored those of the ingredients contained in its feed and varied across treatment levels. Comparing to other ingredients, marine macroalgae exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.01) feed efficiency, and as a result, they improved the growth of P. monodon compared to the other ingredients. The same treatment recorded significantly lower (p < 0.01) feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments. However, muscle somatic index, specific growth rate and condition factor were not significantly different across treatments (p > 0.01). Moreover, a clear distinction was observed between wild and farmed P. monodon, and such a distinction is clearly explained by δ13C composition. In conclusion, multiple sources of δ13C and δ15N in feeds are incorporated more efficiently in muscles than single sources.
Optical and electrical analysis of polyethylene oxide/disodium hexachloroplatinate complex composite films
Authors: Telfah Ahmad , Abu‐Zurayk Rund , Al‐Bataineh Qais M. , Tavares Carlos J. , Foadian Farzad , Etzkorn Johannes
Published: February 2024

The present study reports the synthesis of composite films comprising PEO/Na2PtCl6 complex and their deposition onto fused silica substrates via the dip‐coating method. Chemical, crystallographic, and thermal characterizations are carried out to confirm the incorporation of Na2PtCl6 and PEO matrix into the films. The transmittance of the PEO film is initially high and decreases subsquently with an increase in Na2PtCl6 content. The optical band‐gap energy of the composite films decreases exponentially from 4.62 to 3.79 eV with the increase in Na2PtCl6 content. Furthermore, in the normal dispersion region, the refractive index of the PEO film decreases from 2.00 to 1.670 as the wavelength increases from 400 to 700 nm. The refractive index values increase with an increase in the concentration of Na2PtCl6 in the PEO film up to 8 wt.%. The incorporation of Na2PtCl6 into the PEO matrix increases the electrical conductivity because of the combined enhancement of the PEO conductivity and increase i Na2PtCl6. These findings suggest that PEO/Na2PtCl6 complex composite films have potential applications in UV‐shielding and optoelectronic devices.