bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaposi’s sarcoma unmasked by corticosteroids in an advanced HIV patient with tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Kadnur Harshith B. , Reddy Haripriya Challa , Wanve Balasaheb , Sonowal Rumapriya , Rughwani Hardik , Sekaran Anuradha
Published: December 2024

In this case report, we present a 35-year-old homosexual man with advanced HIV disease and disseminated tuberculosis (TB) who developed paradoxical TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Corticosteroids, vital in life-threatening IRIS, were initiated, resulting in symptom resolution but unmasking AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Diagnostic confirmation revealed disseminated KS, necessitating a comprehensive therapeutic strategy involving chemotherapy and thalidomide as a steroid-sparing agent. This case underscores the complexity of managing advanced HIV disease with IRIS, emphasizing the cautious use of corticosteroids due to the potential risk of KS unmasking. The report contributes to the limited documentation of indigenous HIV-associated KS cases in India and highlights the need for vigilant monitoring and careful therapeutic decisions in this population.
Aggressive epithelioid osteoblastoma of calvarial bone in an elderly male
Authors: Prachi  , Aiyer Hema Malini , Sharma Gaurav
Published: December 2024

Osteoblastoma (OB) is a rare bony neoplasm comprising <1% of all the primary bone tumours. Presumably, OB involves the long bones and vertebrae with calvarium being the least common site. Aggressive OB is an intermediate form between an indolent conventional OB and malignant osteosarcoma and carries some subtle histopathological markers that need to be specifically looked for. Hereby, we report a case of an aggressive epithelioid OB in a 73-year-old male patient having non-specific symptoms and was undiagnosed on radiological investigation. Hence, the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were mandatory to come to a definitive diagnosis.
Spectrum of pathologies observed in endometrial biopsies of cases with abnormal uterine bleeding – A retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Vani Ravi , Kruthi B. R. , Kumar H. N. Ravi , Ramchandran Shibani , Jatale Raj
Published: December 2024

Background:

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common presenting symptoms in women of all age groups in outpatient departments. It is caused by various endometrial pathologies and histopathological evaluation of endometrial biopsy helps in identifying them.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine various histopathological patterns of the endometrium in women presenting with AUB and to estimate the incidence of various pathologies in different age groups in our study population.

Materials and Methods:

It was a retrospective study of endometrial biopsies done for AUB, received at Metropolis Healthcare Limited, from 2018 to 2023. A total of 23,155 specimens consistent with the inclusion criteria were considered for the study.

Results:

The most common age group presenting with AUB was 26–40 years (54.91%). The majority of the samples were obtained from patients who presented with complaints of menorrhagia. The most common normal cyclic endometrial pattern that was observed is secretory phase endometrium (22.15%). The most common abnormal endometrial pattern was endometrial polyp (17.56%). About 586 cases (2.53%) were malignant and 5965 cases (hyperplasia with and without atypia) were presented with pre-malignant status.

Conclusion:

In our study, the majority of cases were benign hormone-related and endometrial polyps were the most common pathology in reproductive age women, perimenopausal and the post-menopausal women, respectively. Endometrial sampling is recommended in all cases presenting with AUB, particularly in peri- and post-menopausal women due to the focal nature of atypia in polyps and hyperplasia.
Acute Haemorrhagic Leucoencephalitis Masquerading as Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Chaudhary Kanika , Kumar Sanjay , Gupta Nupur , Kant Rama , Khaki Shikha
Published: December 2024

Acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis (AHLE) is an uncommon and fulminant demyelinating disease of the brain, resulting in focal neurological deficits. Here, we present a case of AHLE of unknown cause, having typical features and haemorrhagic lesions in white matter in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain. A 34-year-old male presented with headache, high-grade fever and weakness of the left upper and lower limb. Despite treatment, his neurological condition improved slightly. We noticed a unique finding of conversion of the unilateral lesions to bilateral lesions on an MRI brain study. Thus, early recognition and appropriate management can facilitate better neurological improvement and survival.
Assessment of the effectiveness and perception of different teaching techniques used in pharmacology among students
Authors: Jaju TA , Parmar UI , Gajbhiye SV , Kurle DG , Shah RM
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Pharmacology is one of the most dynamic and evolving branches, not only in the concepts but also in teaching methodologies. Many attempts have been made by various colleges all over the world to make the teaching of pharmacology more interesting and relevant.

Materials and Methods:

The literature from two databases (Google Scholar and PubMed) published between 2005 and 2020 were searched using terms related to “Teaching Techniques” AND “Pharmacology.” The articles with unavailable full-text those published in conference proceedings, duplicate studies, and articles published in languages apart from English were excluded. Teaching techniques were compared using success and popularity ratios, which were calculated on the basis of student’s test score and their feedback with an average minimum score of 50%, which was considered the benchmark.

Results:

Out of the 1,093 articles reviewed, only 95 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were conducted among medical (64.21%) and pharmacy (28.42%) students. Most common teaching techniques belonged to computer and case-based (21.05% each) types followed by multiple techniques (11.58%) types. Flipped, case-based, multiple methods, modules, and other innovative methods have been well received by students with a popularity ratio ranging between 100 and 81, and improvement in students’ test scores further demonstrated their utility with a success ratio between 100 and 88. The effectiveness and popularity of computer-based techniques and student-centered techniques were found to be moderate (73 and 71). Although popular, team-based techniques and simulations seemed to be less effective in improving test scores (50 and 33, respectively).

Conclusion:

There is a need for periodic up-gradation in techniques utilized for teaching pharmacology. Every teaching technique has its strengths and weaknesses. They need to be utilized as per the student’s requirement.
Left regular representations of Garside categories II. Finiteness properties of topological full groups
Authors: Li Xin
Published: December 2024

We study topological full groups attached to groupoid models for left regular representations of Garside categories. Groups arising in this way include Thompson’s group 

V

and many groups of dynamical origin such as Röver–Nekrashevych groups. Our key observation is that a Garside structure for the underlying small category induces a new Garside structure for a new small category of bisections, and that our topological full group coincides with the fundamental group of the enveloping groupoid of the new category. As a consequence, we solve the word problem and identify general criteria for establishing finiteness properties of our topological full groups. In particular, we show that topological full groups arising from products of shifts of finite type are of type

\textup{F}_{\infty}

, answering a natural question left open by Matui.
Nikodym sets and maximal functions associated with spheres
Authors: Chang Alan , Dosidis Georgios , Kim Jongchon
Published: December 2024

We study spherical analogues of Nikodym sets and related maximal functions. In particular, we prove sharp

L^{p}

-estimates for Nikodym maximal functions associated with spheres. As a corollary, any Nikodym set for spheres must have full Hausdorff dimension. In addition, we consider a class of maximal functions which contains the spherical maximal function as a special case. We show that

L^{p}

-estimates for these maximal functions can be deduced from local smoothing estimates for the wave equation relative to fractal measures.
Differentials in sustainable land management practices between male and female crop farmers in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuma Odii, Okereke , Emmanuel Ejiofor Omeje , Victor Amoge Chukwu , Chukwuma Nwakpu Cletus
Published: December 2024

The study assessed differentials in the utilization of sustainable land management (SLM) practices by male and female crop farmers in Southeast Nigeria. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used in selecting the study sample made up of 160 male and 160 female farmers. Mean, frequency, percentage, and logit analysis were employed in analysing the data collected from field survey. Result showed that the rate of adoption of SLM practices among the respondents was low (26%) on the average. Participation in critical family decisions (z–prob=0.021), access to formal credit (z–prob=0.000), access to and control of capital assets (z–prob=0.001) and participation in taking communal decisions and leadership (z– prob=0.057), were found relevant in dichotomizing the utilization of SLM practices based on gender. The study recommended that policies targeted at sustainable management of land resources by male and female farmers should take into cognizance the above-mentioned variables with a view to addressing them through affirmative action. Agricultural policy interventions should also be based on empirical evidence from gender-disaggregated data to ensure proper mainstreaming of gender-related issues in agricultural production.
Gender differences in disclosure among tuberculosis (TB) and human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) patients reporting in some health facilities in the Greater Accra region of Ghana
Authors: Benedicta Taylor-Abdulai Hannah , Akweongo Patricia , Baba  Adongo Philip
Published: December 2024

The study explored the gender differences that exist in patterns and effects of disclosure among TB only and TB co-infected with HIV patients receiving TB treatment in some selected health facilities in the Greater Accra region and how these disclosure patterns for men and women affect the support they receive from family and friends as they circumvent the treatment processes.  The study design was cross-sectional and qualitative using deductive reasoning design and conducted in six health facilities in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. A total of 30 participants were involved in the study. They were made up of 12 TB only participants, 12 co-infected TB/HIV patients, and 6 TB coordinators. Face-to-face interviews were used to elicit responses from participants and results recorded, using a digital recorder, after which verbatim transcription was done, and contents analysis used in analyzing the data. The study found that revealing one’s TB and/or HIV status was problematic for   married women.  The men were more comfortable disclosing their status to their partners, whilst the women felt more comfortable disclosing their status to other family members other than their partners. In terms of support, some men indicated that their partners abandoned them when they lost their source of income because of their health conditions, making it difficult to manage their conditions. The women, however, received support from their external family members. The study has implications for public health since non-disclosure could lead to further spread among close family and friends because both HIV and TB are contagious diseases.
Comparative genetic diversity between Oryza sativa, Oryza glabberima, and interspecific hybrid (NERICA) based on SSR markers
Authors: Aliyu Ramatu E. , Indabo Sadam S. , Ahmed Hauwa O. , Aliyu Aminu , Muhammad Hadiza U. , Sakariyahu Solihu K , Adamu Abu-Kassim
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive molecular analysis of 110 rice genotypes, comprising Oryza sativa, Oryza glaberrima, and the interspecific hybrid NERICA, was conducted using 34 microsatellite markers. This assessment revealed an extensive genetic diversity, with 3,866 polymorphic bands (95.1%) and 12 rare alleles (9.8%) identified across the polymorphic microsatellite loci. Notably, O. glaberrima and NERICA exhibited a significantly higher frequency of genotypes with rare alleles (12.5%) compared to O. sativa. A total of 123 alleles were detected, with an average of 3.62 alleles per locus, ranging from 2 to 7 alleles per locus. The allelic distribution varied among genotypes, with O. glaberrima displaying the lowest allelic number of 4 at locus RM182. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value averaged 0.56 per marker, with a range of 0.16 (RM182) to 0.78 (RM547), indicating a high level of genetic diversity among the rice genotypes. The PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) values for NERICA and O. glaberrima were calculated to be 0.51 and 0.37, respectively, indicating moderate to high genetic diversity. Cluster analysis revealed a clear grouping of rice genotypes into eight distinct clusters at a similarity coefficient of 68%, with genotypes sharing similar genetic backgrounds co-clustering. Notably, O. sativa exhibited significantly higher genetic diversity compared to O. glaberrima. These findings suggest that the genetic base of O. glaberrima can be expanded through the incorporation of novel alleles, which can be leveraged to introduce desirable traits in breeding programs, thereby enhancing the genetic potential of this species.
Diffusing species into some host metals in spherical solids
Authors: Nwagbogwu Akaezue N. , Thompson Ngiangia A. , Chukwudi Onyeaju M.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the diffusion of various species into host metals in spherical solids. The time-dependent diffusion equation in radial spherical coordinates was transformed into a time-independent form, resulting in a Bessel differential equation of the zeroth kind. The concentration profile within the system was obtained using the Frobenius method. This solution, combined with the fractional Stokes-Einstein model, was used to plot graphs showing the effect of the fractional exponent and temperature on the diffusing species. The results indicate that a rise in temperature leads to early saturation or convergence, followed by divergence, reflecting an increase in the concentration of the diffusing species. Additionally, it was observed that as the fractional exponent increases, the concentration of the diffusing species is enhanced. A model for determining the diffusion coefficient of the host metals is also proposed. The characteristics of the host metals, as shown, significantly affect their diffusion rates. The experimental model is presented alongside the calculated concentration values. The unique approach and findings of this research offer a valuable contribution to diffusion analysis, with potential implications for a wide range of applications involving solid-state materials.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of bark extracts of Ficus sycomorus
Authors: Suleiman Mustapha , Abubakar Hassan , Yandaki Khadija A. , Umar Hadiza Bello , Tukur Mukhtar , Abdulameed Hassan Taiye
Published: December 2024

Ficus sycomorus has traditionally been used to treat dysentery and in dressing wounds. The research aimed to screen the phytochemicals and evaluate the antibacterial activities of the extracts using different solvents. The powder sample was extracted by soaking 200 ml of each ethanol and water in it. The ethanol and water extracts were screened for their phytochemical and antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins and terpenoids in both extracts but alkaloids and reducing sugar are present only in the aqueous extract. Anthraquinone was present only in the ethanolic extract. The antibacterial result showed MIC value ranging from 250 – 500 μg/ml and the MBC ranging from 500 – 2000μg/ml. The extracts demonstrated good antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria but ethanolic extract showed less activity when compared with the aqueous extract. The results from the activity of the bark of Ficus sycomorus suggest that it can be used to treat diseases caused by these bacteria.
Precision and accuracy determination of horizontal geodetic networks using least squares technique
Authors: Eteje Sylvester O. , Ifuwe Christabel C. , Oburo Anthony C. , Oduyebo Olujimi F.
Published: December 2024

The determination of precision and accuracy in horizontal geodetic networks using a least squares adjustment is a complex process that has a range of available software applications. However, it is commonly observed that users may not possess a complete understanding of the underlying theories and equations that inform the development of such software. This paper presents a set of step-by-step procedures for determining the precision and accuracy of horizontal geodetic networks using the observation equation method of the least squares technique. In the sample calculation, the a posteriori variance and standard error were computed to obtain the precision and accuracy of the network, respectively. The inverse of the normal matrix was multiplied with the a posteriori variance to obtain the precision of the adjusted parameter. The square root of the precision was evaluated to obtain the accuracy of the adjusted parameter. The enumerated procedures are presented in a sequential order to ensure ease of comprehension for users. Additionally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the procedures and to enhance understanding of the concepts presented. The computed adjusted network's precision and accuracy are 0.723m2 and 0.850m respectively. Our objective is to provide users with the necessary tools and knowledge required to confidently perform this task.
Synthesis of biodiesel using native, nano and modified kaolinite copper oxide catalyst
Authors: Attahiru Zainab A. , Umar Tanko , Azeh Yakubu
Published: December 2024

Biodiesel is fuel composed of monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acid derived from lipid feedstock, such as vegetable, animal fat and waste oils. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential of oil from seeds of luffa cylinderica as raw material for the production of biodiesel using native, nano and modified nano kaolin as catalyst. The oil used in this work was extracted from the seed of luffa cylinderica seed by solvent extraction method using N-hexane at 60°C for one hour. The physicochemical analysis of the oil such Acid value, viscosity, saponification value, specific gravity, and free fatty acid, were evaluated. The native, nano, and modified nano catalysts were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunaur-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray Diffraction Crystallography (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Biodiesel was produced using native, nano, and modified nano kaolinite clay as heterogeneous catalyst. The results gave oil yield (30.20%), Acid value (6.31 mg/KOH), FFA (3.15%), Flash point (167,128,124,132, and 130 respectively), pour point (-12,-13,-0.90, and -11.6), viscosity (6.22), and saponification value (184.6), The results show that the fuel properties conform to the standard values of ASTM method which give the evidence that luffa seed could serve as good source of oil for the production of biodiesel.
Assessment of water quality parameters in selected fish farms in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Jamilu , Israel Obaroh , Nike Tawakaltu I.
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated water quality parameters from selected fish farms in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from ten fish farms and analysed using the standard procedures recommended by the American Public Health Association. The parameters such as temperature, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3), and alkalinity were assessed and results were analysed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the aid of SPSS version 27. The values of the physicochemical parameters of ten fish farms were between the range of 24.03+0.03 to 29.40±0.23°C for temperature, 6.68+0.11 to 7.83±0.05 for pH, 2.07+0.00 to 61.33±0.23 NUT for turbidity, 715.33+195.02 to 1631.67±31.38 μS/cm for EC, 5.23+0.03 to 8.17±0.88 mg/L for DO, 13.70+1.37 to 100.33+0.33 for NO3, and 118.67+2.91 to 333.33+33.18 for alkalinity respectively. All parameters examined were within acceptable limits recommended by World Health Organization except NO3 value which exceed in six farms and may lead to methemoglobinemia, decreased immune response and osmoregulatory function in fish. DO positively correlated with temperature, pH, NTU, EC, NO3 and alkalinity. Temperature positively correlated with all other parameters except pH. pH positively correlated with NTU, EC and DO but negatively correlated with other parameters. NTU and EC positively correlated with all other parameters except NO3 and alkalinity. A significant association between the parameters in each farm was observed. Regular monitoring and changing of water can help improve water quality for better fish farming in the area and the country at large.
Strong absorption and the double folding potential using B3Y-fetal interaction
Authors: Abenga Raymond C. , Ibrahim Yahay Y. , Adamu Idriss D. , Ibrahim Kassim L. Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

This work examines the effects of strong absorption arising from nuclear potentials which are crucial to the understanding of the problem of nuclear interactions in other nonelastic channels. The double folding model was used to derive both the real and imaginary part of the nuclear optical potential using a mass-dependent B3Y-Fetal effective interaction constructed using the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) approach. The absorption effect was incorporated in the calculations through the imaginary part of the optical potential. The folded potentials were found to be attractive and short-ranged over short internuclear distances of about 0 ≤ r ≤ 6 fm The results of the plots of the S-matrix elements and those of the differential cross-sections of deuteron scattering from  24/12Mg were obtained. It was observed from the plots of the S-matrix elements that regions for which |SL|~0 existed between 0 ≤ L ≤ 5 within the incident energies of 60 -80 MeV, implying strong absorption at these small impact parameters. Pronounced success was also achieved in the fit of the differential cross-sections of d + 24/12 Mg within the energy range of 60 to 170 MeV.
Place-making and open spaces: impacts on well-being in learning environments
Authors: Johnson M. , Ekpo E.S. , Chukwuma-Uchegbu M.
Published: December 2024

Open spaces in learning environments are designed for various outdoor activities to support users' well-being and educational experiences. This paper evaluated the notions of place-making as a collaborative process for creating quality open spaces in the environment within the University of Lagos Nigeria, and the impact on student's learning experiences and well-being. Mixed methods design was used to evaluate the open spaces within the precincts of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos. This was carried out through direct physical observation over two years, appraisal of the existing master plan, and structured questionnaires, to determine the functionalities of the open space. Findings show that open spaces in faculty vicinities have been transformed and used for various activities that elicit a sense of community, help forge closer interactions among students, and also serve as a hub for social gatherings and extra-curricular activities. The open space also served as an alternative classroom for studio work presentations to observe physical and social distancing protocols to curtail coronavirus spread. The study revealed that there is a significantly strong correlation between activities in the open spaces and learning experience on one hand and activities in the open spaces and the Well-being of the students on the other hand. The study also showed that there is a strong relationship between activities in the open spaces and the learning experience as the well-being of the students. The study advocates that stakeholders and built-environment practitioners should adopt the place-making notion as a valuable insight into creating healthier and more productive learning environments, because of its developmental and summative benefits on students’ learning experiences, achievements, and overall well-being.
Influence of socio-economic factors on women access to land in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf A. , Ojo B. , Abdulfatai S.S. , Hassan O.A. , Ajibade K.R.
Published: December 2024

Land has been recognized as a primary source of wealth, prestige, social status, as well as the foundation for shelter, food production and other economic activities. In many countries, access to land is critical for individual and group, but women’s access is often disproportionately constrained. This paper assessed the influence of socio-economic factors on land accessibility for women in Ilorin, with the goal of promoting equitable access to land. To achieve this, a sample size was determined based on the 2006 population census figures of females in the Ilorin West Local Government Area. A total of 397 questionnaires were distributed to women in the region using systematic random selection methods to ensure a representative sample. The collected data were analysed using binary logistic regression, providing a thorough assessment of the factors influencing women's access to land. The study revealed that the majority of respondents were self-employed, constituting 46.1%, while 11.1% were unemployed. Furthermore, 62.9% of respondents did not have access to land. Using the binary logistic regression model, the results showed that "income" was the only statistically significant variable in the model, with a p-value of 0.003, highlighting its crucial role in influencing women's access to land in the study area. In contrast, educational qualification (p = 0.998), occupation (p = 0.815), religion (p = 0.812), marital status (p = 1.083), and inheritance (p = 1.474) exhibited p-values exceeding 0.05, indicating no significant contribution to the model. Government measures such as creating an environment that encourages job creation and empowers women, enabling them to earn more and secure their rights to property ownership be implemented in order to increase women's access to land.
Chromium and lead bio-accumulation in relation to physico-chemical parameters in water and fish of Wasai Reservoir, Kano State
Authors: Shehu A.H. , Kabiru M. , Rabiu S.M. , Ismail F.M
Published: December 2024

Heavy metals bio-accumulation in fish organs consumed by man generated issues of public health concern. This study was conducted to determine the levels of Chromium and Lead bioaccumulation in liver and muscles of two fish species (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) obtained from Wasai Reservoir in relation to physico-chemical parameters of the surface water. Water and fish samples were collected using standard protocols for a period of ten months. Four different locations were mapped out as sampling stations. Heavy metals concentrations in water, liver, and muscles of the two fish species were assessed. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with three replications. Data obtained were analysed using Analysis of Variance with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test used to separate the means that were significant at 5% level. No significant difference was found in the surface water temperature and pH of the water body for a period of ten months. However, significant difference (P≤0.05) was found in pH, DO and BOD among the locations. The high DO and BOD values were found in station A where there is high discharge of agricultural and domestic wastes. The results for the levels of heavy metals in water and fish organs of Wasai reservoir revealed significant difference (P≤0.05) in the levels at different locations with months. More so, the levels of Pb (0.01-0.08 mg/L) and Cr (0.03-0.35 mg/L) bio-accumulation in liver and muscles of the fish showed a pattern of trend in the heavy metals bio-accumulation in the two fish species following the order: Cr˃Pb with their bio-accumulation in liver and muscles of the fish species above tolerable limits. Thus, the highest value of heavy metal in liver (0.17 mg/L) obtained from Wasai reservoir especially during the dry season of the year should not be consumed by the general popula
Understanding, response and support regarding the health promotion levy among urban consumers employed at primary and secondary schools in Pietermaritzburg, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Baijnath N , Pillay K , Wiles N
Published: December 2024

Obesity can be highly attributed to the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). The Health Promotion Levy (HPL) was introduced in South Africa (SA) in April 2018, increasing the price of SSBs with the aim to reduce consumption of SSBs. The current study aimed to assess the understanding, response and support regarding the HPL among urban consumers employed at primary and secondary schools in Pietermaritzburg (PMB), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The objectives were to determine (i) consumer demographics (ii) awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of the HPL, (iii) responses to the HPL in terms of purchasing behaviour, (iv) whether the national corona virus disease (COVID-19) level four to five lockdown contributed to increased sugar intake from SSBs, (v) perceptions and attitudes regarding obesity and its causes and (vi) which obesity preventative strategies were believed to complement the HPL. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 13 schools where the consumers answered a self-administered consumer questionnaire (SACQ). Almost all consumed SSBs, however, less than half were aware of the HPL. Consumers have not changed their SSB purchasing behaviours since the HPL implementation and did not increase their SSB consumption during the COVID-19 lockdowns. Consumers were aware that obesity is a serious condition and perceived the HPL positively.
Carcass yields in the main Algerian populations of camels: Sahraoui, Targui, steppe camel, and Reguibi (Camelus dromedarius L., 1758)
Authors: Atika Benaissa , Yamina Mimouni , Baaissa Babelhadj , Oudini Elhadi , Ariche Rihab , Ridouh Rania , Tekkouk-Zemmouchi Faiza , Dib Madjed , Guintard Claude
Published: December 2024

The carcass yield varies from one animal species to another and depends on various factors, such as the age of the animal, its health condition, diet, and activity level. The main objective of this study was to determine the yield of meat production from the main Algerian population of dromedaries (Camelus dromedaries L, 1758), namely, Sahraoui, Targui, steppe camels, and Reguibi, while minimizing unnecessary losses to guide the choices for development in camel meat production. A total heterogeneous sample of 240 dromedary camels was collected, distributed as follows: 60 camels from each population (Sahraoui, Targui, steppe camels, and Reguibi). Within each population, the animals were further divided into the following categories: 15 young adult males, 15 adult males, 15 young adult females, and 15 adult females. Live weights were determined before slaughter using body measurements and calculated using the Boué (1949) method. The weights of the hot carcasses were collected from the slaughterhouses (the sum of the weights of the nine separated parts constituting the carcass): Ouargla for the Sahraoui and Targui populations, Biskra for the steppe camel population, and Tindouf for the Reguibi population. These animals were from extensive breeding populations. The average carcass yields of the different dromedary populations indicate that, among adult males, Reguibi had the highest yield (64.86 ± 7.17%), whereas the lowest average yield was observed in Targui males (49.99 ± 6.27%). For females, the highest average value of 53.65 ± 7.17% was recorded in the Reguibi camels and the lowest was in the Targui population (44.48 ± 6.27%).
Effects of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and Semen Cassiae feed additive on intestinal microflora of Wanxi White Goose
Authors: Zuo Ruihua , Xu Guangpei , Sun Chuanbo , Liu Chuangli , Jiang Ping
Published: December 2024

The widespread use of antibiotics in poultry breeding has led to drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. With long-term dependence on antibiotics, immunity in poultry has decreased, increased susceptibility and seriously affecting the quality of poultry protein products and consumer health. Chinese medicinal herbs come mainly from nature and are natural products, so are called green feed additives. It has become an important substitute for antibiotics in high-quality livestock products. In this study, Wanxi White Geese were used as the research object to explore the effects of Chinese medicinal herb feed additives on intestinal microorganisms. Semen Cassiae and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua increased the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in intestinal microorganisms of geese, and the number of OTUs increased with dosage. Semen Cassiae or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua has great influence on the abundance of intestinal microbes. The relative abundance of Clostridiales was higher than the control (feeding only the basal diet) after treated with Semen Cassiae or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua feed additives. Chinese medicinal herb feed additives inhibited Erysipelotrichales and the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichales in all treated samples was lower than the control group. Alpha diversity analysis also showed that Chinese medicinal herb feed additives promoted the diversity of intestinal microorganisms. The purpose of this study is for future research and practical application of feed additives.
Factors influencing consumer preferences for goat meat
Authors: Hamad B. , Hadef L. , Bellabidi M. , Aggad H.
Published: December 2024

stract In recent years, there has been a dramatic spike in meat prices in Algeria and globally and this has substantially influenced meat consumption trends. The study aims to understand the factors that influence consumer perceptions and goat meat consumption behaviour in Algeria. This study included 240 participants using random selection who were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. At least 83% of the participants preferred the animals to be less than a year old, whereas only 2.9% opted for animals above two years of age. The male participants preferred male animals over female animals (81.3% vs 50.9%). Female participants preferred female animals (49.1% vs 18.7%). Among the breeds, Arbia was preferred over Makatia by 91.2% of participants in terms of sex and age. In terms of meat choice, the thigh muscle was the predominant choice among the female respondents (55.7%), whereas the shoulder cut was preferred by male respondents (49.3%). Nutritional features, health features, preparation time, conservation, information from previous consumers, and animal welfare concerns were found to primarily influence goat meat consumption among the participants. The study findings strongly reflect the trends and the strategies to be implemented in understanding consumer requirements to boost the consumption of goat meat, thereby transforming this into a stable income source in the meat product market.
Quality traits of table eggs as affected by management practices and storage periods
Authors: Kop-Bozbay C.
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the external and internal quality characteristics after various storage periods (SP) of eggs from different management practices (MP) regarding layer hen housing and feeding systems. One hundred eggs collected from farms with Lohman Sandy hens raised in i) a cage system where the standard diet was offered ad libitum (CAB), ii) a free-range production system with free access to both the standard diet and alfalfa pasture for grazing (FRG), or iii) a village poultry system where hens were fed on insects, grass, vegetables, or kitchen waste, as well as a restricted standard diet (VCR) were stored at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d at +4 °C and 60% relative humidity. Data were analysed in a three MP × five SP factorial arrangement with 20 eggs each. SP was analysed using polynomial regression. The CAB eggs had a higher weight loss and shell ratio compared to the FRG and VCR eggs. The yolk index, albumen index, Haugh unit (HU), and yolk colour of FRG and VCR eggs were higher than CAB eggs. The yolk ratio of the CAB group was higher than that of the other groups, whereas the albumen ratio was lower. The egg weight loss increased linearly, whereas the albumen ratio and pH increased cubically during storage. The egg weight loss, shell thickness, and yolk index were related to the interaction between MP and SP. Shell ratio and all internal quality traits, except for the pH of yolk and albumen, reflected only the effect of the MP; the association became more significant as the SP increased. Our results suggest that shell ratio, surface area, and all internal quality traits, except for yolk colour, change during storage.
Effect of pipping rate and hatching nature on the development of ostrich chicks
Authors: Brand M. , Brand Z. , Smit C.J. , Cloete S.W.P.
Published: December 2024

High embryonic mortality is concerning because of the effect on commercial ostrich farming. The number of viable chicks can be improved by appropriate interventions in the hatching chicks. Data from 2 683 fertile eggs were collected from the commercial, pair-bred ostrich flock on the Oudtshoorn Research Farm, South Africa, with 169 chicks being reported. Fertile eggs were randomly divided into three groups on days 41, 42, and 43 of incubation. There were four treatments: hatchlings that reached climax and broke free from the eggshell themselves (T1), hatchlings that were assisted to reach climax at the first signs of external pipping (T2), hatchlings that were removed from the eggshell at the first sign of external pipping (T3), and eggs that pipped internally after 43 d but failed to pip externally were cracked (T4). Clinical measurements (heart rate, body temperature, and oedema) were taken at hatch. The chicks were weighed for 7 d and then on days 28, 84, 147, 227, 300 and 365. Chicks that were assisted after internal pipping took longer to hatch. The heart rate of 115 beats per minute (bpm) for chicks hatching on their own was lower than the 132 bpm recorded for the other treatment groups. Up to day two after hatching, a decline in chick weight of ~4% was found. Chick weight increased from 0.85 kg to 1.11 kg in the first week. At 147 d, body weights between treatments were 12.6% higher for the chicks hatching on their own compared with the chicks where the eggshell was cracked, and 24.6% higher for chicks where the eggshell was removed after external pipping. Chicks benefitted by climaxing themselves, but for chicks struggling to hatch, this study provides guidance to hatchery operators on the specific stages where monitoring and assistance is important to improve hatchability.
AN OVERVIEW OF ZERO WASTE SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: Çınar Deniz
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the zero-waste supply chain approach in terms of environmental sustainability and resource efficiency, while evaluating its application in the business world. Zero waste refers to a strategy that focuses on minimizing waste, promoting recycling, and encouraging the reuse of resources throughout the supply chain, from production to distribution. The study explores the challenges in implementing zero-waste strategies, the role of legal regulations and incentives, as well as future trends and innovative solutions. It also emphasizes the importance of infrastructure investments and awareness-raising efforts to increase the applicability of these strategies in business environments.
The results underline the significance of infrastructure investments through public-private partnerships to ensure the successful implementation of zero-waste strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the need for educating consumers on recycling and reuse and emphasizes that governments should expand legal regulations and increase incentives. For companies, strategies such as cost reduction, adopting circular economy principles, and integrating smart technologies are recommended.
This study fills a gap in the literature on the zero-waste supply chain by focusing on how these strategies can be implemented across various sectors and how the associated challenges can be overcome. It specifically points out the need for further research on the implementation of zero-waste strategies in developing countries and the integration of digital technologies into these processes. Thus, the study not only provides theoretical contributions to the literature but also develops practical recommendations for real-world applications.
Roman Lead Finds from Troesmis (Turcoaia, Tulcea County, Romania) and Its Surroundings – an Investigation Based on Lead Isotopes and Trace Element Analyses
Authors: Alexandrescu Cristina-Georgeta , Bode Michael
Published: December 2024

Lead samples and one leaded bronze sample from five identifiable objects (e.g. large-scale bronze statues, lead pipes) and three lead  chunks from the area of the ancient center of Troesmis, in the Moesia Inferior province, have been investigated by elemental and lead isotope analyses. Among the analyzed samples, four are dated into the 2nd-3rd centuries AD and were found in the civil settlement near the fortress of the legio V Macedonica and the municipium of Troesmis, while one was uncovered in a rural settlement in the surroundings of this ancient center, at Horia, in a context dated to the 2nd century AD. A fifth object of study is a fragmented lead pipe from a private collection in Bucharest, from Carnuntum, according to the seller, but bearing a maker stamp that relates it to Rome.  Furthermore, three lead chunks, presumably used to hang on wall objects like the bronze plates with the lex of the municipium, have also been analyzed. The provenance investigations of the nine Troesmis finds point to two different lead sources in the Roman Empire,  the Central Balkans (Serbia/Kosovo) and the Cévennes (Massif Central) in France, while the lead source for the pipe fragment in  Bucharest might be Yorkshire in Great Britain.
The Fuzzy AHP Ranking of Industry 4.0 Smart Manufacturing Technologies Criteria
Authors:   Metropolitan University, Faculty of Information Technology, Tadeuša Košćuška 63, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, Simjanović Dušan , Antić Dragan ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Control Systems, Niš, Serbia, Nikolić Saša S. ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Control Systems, Niš, Serbia, Ranđelović Branislav ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Niš, Serbia
Published: December 2024

Smart Manufacturing, as the indispensable part of Industry 4.0 represents an important aspect of the business of every industrial factory. In this paper, relying on existing literature, some important criteria related to Smart Manufacturing Technology were considered. Using the Fuzzy AHP method, the Automation and Traceability stand out as the most important groups of criteria, while among them, Machine-to-machine communication (M2Mb), Identification and traceability of final products, and Automatic nonconformities identification in production are the highest ranked.
Exploring the Relationship Between Environmental Factors and Energy Output in a District Heating System
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Niš, Serbia, Turudija Rajko , Ignjatović Marko ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Niš, Serbia, Radovanović Branka ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Niš, Serbia, Stojiljković Dušan ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Niš, Serbia, Ćirić Ivan ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Niš, Serbia, Mirović Mina ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
Published: December 2024

District heating systems (DHS) are currently operated semi-automatically, presenting significant opportunities for improvement, particularly through the utilization of advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study is part of a broader research initiative aimed at enhancing DHS control methodologies. It focuses on understanding data obtained from the currently used Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system and integrated supplementary data sourced from Visual Crossing Weather Data and Weather API. The goal is to evaluate the potential benefits of combining these data sets, as well as to understand the interdependences of gathered parameters. The academic importance of this study lies in investigating the potential of AI technologies to improve DHS systems, which will also lead to better control and management of DHS. Enhancing the DHS will optimize energy transfer, ensuring that energy is used efficiently throughout the DHS operation. This will also enhance the system’s environmental friendliness by minimizing unnecessary heat exchange. The methodology includes descriptive statistics, histograms, correlation matrices, and random forest methodologies to analyze the data. The key findings indicate that the current one-hour interval for data collection is insufficient for accurately reflecting energy transmission changes, and a reduction to 1 or 3 minutes is recommended. Additionally, solar radiation, wind direction, and wind speed were identified as critical parameters for improving the heating control process. However, future efforts should focus on constructing thorough and high-quality prediction models for effective energy transmission.
Low complexity joint optimization of QAM gray mapping and non-binary LDPC Coefﬁcients
Authors: Mostari Latifa , Goupil Alban , Taleb-Ahmed Abdelmalik
Published: December 2024

This work presents a method to ﬁgure out all possible combinations of Gray codes necessary for the joint optimization of a non-binary LDPC code associated with high-order modulation. However, the complexity of this earch increases rapidly with the order of modulation due to the growing number of Gray codes. To overcome his limitation, we show how to reduce without any loss the number of Gray codes, thereby simplifying the complexity of the process. In this paper, we introduce all possible sets of 64-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) Gray codes, including the construction method and the mapping approach. Then, we generalize our ork for all orders of QAM, revealing an intractable exhaustive research for QAM that may be tackled with he method we propose to reduce the sets number of Gray codes.