bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the apple fruits` quality in orchards with Shin-etsu® MD ST, D.
Authors: Podgornaya Marina , Kovaleva Anastasia , Kiek Dmitry , Marchenko Lilia
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of the industrial field trial with pheromones Shin-Etsu® MD STT, D, conducted in 2019-2022 at JSC «Novomikhailovskoe», Tuapse area, Krasnodar region. Twin tubes were hung at every second tree inside the block in the “rosebud” phenophase before flying of the codling moth’s overwintered generation. To track the flying of the phytophage at the experimental site a monitoring pheromone developed for gardens Shin-Etsu® MD STT, D was hung. It was found that in the trial variant more than 14.5 t/ha of harvest in comparison to the control was saved with standard quality of 98.1-98.9%, with costs reduced by 70%.
The problem of providing the urban population with agricultural products
Authors: Chupina I.P. , Zhuravleva L.A. , Zarubina E.V. , Simachkova N.N. , Fateeva N.B.
Published: November 2022

The provision of agricultural products in full at the moment is especially relevant due to the deterioration of the political situation in the world around the Russian Federation. The cessation of deliveries of food and other goods from Western countries has set before Russia the task of overcoming import dependence. Therefore, the main goal now is to strengthen food independence at the expense of domestic production. The food security doctrine is aimed at gradually reducing the dependence of the agro-industrial complex not only on imported products, but also on imported machinery and equipment. Threshold values for the production of domestic products are also set. For grain, this figure is 95%. The same figure for potatoes. For milk and dairy products, the indicator should be at least 90%. For meat products - 85%, for sugar, vegetable oil and fish products - at least 80%. New technologies play a big role in this. New technologies in agriculture are innovations that take agriculture to a new level. The new agricultural revolution is the application of IT technologies in agriculture, which are designed to reduce the amount of manual labor and increase product yields. For these purposes, biotechnology, logistics, processing technologies are used.
A country-based review in COVID-19 related research developments
Authors: Modak Nikunja Mohan , Sinha Sudipta , Sana Shib Sankar
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has turned our life topsy-turvy. It has bought a massive change in all sectors around the world. A great number of research papers have already been published accounting for various aspects of the COVID-19 issue, owing to the ever-increasing interest in this hot area. The essential data is gathered using the well-known and dependable search engine SCOPUS. We looked at research papers, journals, and reviews from 25 leading countries to highlight a comprehensive study of research output through COVID-19 papers. This study focuses on the top authors, leading articles, and journals from various nations, the percentage of published papers in various fields, and the top collaborative research work from different authors and countries. USA, UK, China, Italy, and India have all made a significant contribution to COVID-19 research. The USA is the leading country followed by UK and China but for H-index China is in the best position. The highest number of papers has been developed in the area of "medicine". The Harvard Medical School of the UK contributed the highest number of papers followed by the University of Toronto of Canada. Professor K. Dhama of India has published the highest number of papers while C. Huang of China received the highest number of citations. It also highlights that several authors have differing opinions on the efficacy of taking the medicine remdesivir. Our research provides a complete and comprehensive image of the virus’s current research status, or in other words, a roadmap of the present research status.
Wirkung von Peer-Gruppen auf die Selbstmanagementfähigkeiten von PD-Patienten
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: November 2022

Erfahrene Patienten helfen Neuerkrankten in einer ähnlichen Situation in alltagspraktischen, sozialen und emotionalen Aspekten. Das steckt hinter dem Begriff Peer-Unterstützung. Ob eine Peer-Gruppe die Selbstmanagementfähigkeiten von Patienten stärkt, die eine Bauchfelldialyse (PD) benötigen, hat eine chinesische Arbeitsgruppe evaluiert.
LDL-C-Zielwerterreichung ist nur durch konsequente lipidsenkende Stufen-/Kombinationstherapie sicher erreichbar
Authors: Schettler Volker J. J.
Published: November 2022

Atherosklerotische, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen (ASCVD) sind weltweit die Hauptursache für die meisten Todesfälle (18,6 Millionen; Stand 2019) (67 %) 1. Dabei wird die ASCVD unter Berücksichtigung der kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität in folgende Kategorien unterteilt: ischämische Herzkrankheit (49,2 %), ischämischer Schlaganfall (17,7 %) und periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (0,4 %) 1, 2. Erhöhtes Low-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterin (LDL-C) als ein wesentlicher kausaler Risikofaktor führt zu einem erhöhten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse wie Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfall 3, 4. Für das LDL-C konnte auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen von Tierexperimenten, randomisierten klinischen Studien, Mendelian-Randomisierung und Genanalysen bis hin zu epidemiologischen Studien wiederholt gezeigt werden, dass dieser Lipidpartikel ein wichtiger Treiber für ASCVD ist 5.
Salzkonsum und Verlust der Nierenfunktion: Effekte unabhängig vom Blutdruck?
Authors: Wolf Gunter
Published: November 2022

Seit vielen Jahren sind sogenannte salzsensitive Patienten bekannt, die bei Kochsalzbelastung mit einer Erhöhung des Blutdrucks reagieren 1. Ob es unabhängig vom Blutdruck auch „Salzeffekte“ auf die Niere gibt, ist umstritten. Nun wurde in einer retrospektiven, sehr gut kontrollierten Studie die These überprüft, ob der individuelle Salzkonsum einen Hinweis auf die Progression einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung bei Patienten mit vorbestehender Niereninsuffizienz geben kann. Die Messung erfolgte durch mehrmalige Analysen der Natriumkonzentration im 24-h-Urin.
Renale Denervation bei arterieller Hypertonie
Authors: van der Giet Markus
Published: November 2022

Trotz vieler verfügbarer blutdrucksenkender Medikamente sowie nichtinterventioneller Maßnahmen stellt die Blutdruckeinstellung bei einer relevant hohen Anzahl von Patienten eine größere Herausforderung dar. Die Gründe sind sehr vielfältig. Deshalb werden neue Konzepte gebraucht, um den Blutdruck nachhaltig zu beeinflussen und folglich auch das kardiovaskuläre Risiko entsprechend zu senken. Dazu wurde vor über 10 Jahren erstmalig die minimalinvasive Ablation der sympathischen Nierennerven im Bereich der Nierenarterien in Pilotstudien als eine potenzielle längerfristige Blutdruckbehandlung präsentiert. Nach initial großen Hoffnungen konnte mittlerweile in kleineren randomisierten Studien mit Scheininterventionen gezeigt werden, dass die renale Sympathikusablation einen moderaten blutdrucksenkenden Effekt hat. In der vorliegenden Zusammenfassung wird der aktuelle Stand zu den interventionellen Verfahren zusammengefasst und auch der mögliche Nutzen für den Patienten diskutiert.
Das Hämodialysegerät Lucas I
Authors: Brunner Jürgen
Published: November 2022

Ab 1970 wurde von der englischen Firma Lucas Medical ein Dialysegerät, vorwiegend für die Heimdialysebehandlung, entwickelt (Abb. 1).
Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege 2023
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: November 2022

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2023 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
50. EDTNA/ERCA-Konferenz hat in Rotterdam stattgefunden
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: November 2022

Vom 10.–13.09.2022 fand unsere 50. Konferenz in Rotterdam (Niederlande) im Kongresscenter de Doelen statt (Abb. 1). Nach über 2 Jahren Pandemie haben wir uns vor allem gefreut, dass wir uns endlich wieder in Präsenz treffen konnten.
Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: November 2022

Informationen zu den Veranstaltungen finden Sie auf www.wbs-ulm.de.
Usability and Utility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Clinical Decision Support to Increase Knowledge and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Initiations among Pediatric Providers
Authors: Chan Carrie T. , Carlson Jennifer , Lee Tzielan , Vo Megen , Nasr Annette , Hart-Cooper Geoffrey
Published: November 2022

Objectives An effective clinical decision support system (CDSS) may address the current provider training barrier to offering preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to youth at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study evaluated change in provider knowledge and the likelihood to initiate PrEP after exposure to a PrEP CDSS. A secondary objective explored perceived provider utility of the CDSS and suggestions for improving CDSS effectiveness.

Methods This was a prospective study using survey responses from a convenience sample of pediatric providers who launched the interruptive PrEP CDSS when ordering an HIV test. McNemar's test evaluated change in provider PrEP knowledge and likelihood to initiate PrEP. Qualitative responses on CDSS utility and suggested improvements were analyzed using framework analysis and were connected to quantitative analysis elements using the merge approach.

Results Of the 73 invited providers, 43 had available outcome data and were included in the analysis. Prior to using the CDSS, 86% of participants had never been prescribed PrEP. Compared to before CDSS exposure, there were significant increases in the proportion of providers who were knowledgeable about PrEP (p = 0.0001), likely to prescribe PrEP (p < 0.0001) and likely to refer their patient for PrEP (p < 0.0001). Suggestions for improving the CDSS included alternative “triggers” for the CDSS earlier in visit workflows, having a noninterruptive CDSS, additional provider educational materials, access to patient-facing PrEP materials, and additional CDSS support for adolescent confidentiality and navigating financial implications of PrEP.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that an interruptive PrEP CDSS attached to HIV test orders can be an effective tool to increase knowledge and likelihood to initiate PrEP among pediatric providers. Continual improvement of the PrEP CDSS based on provider feedback is required to optimize usability, effectiveness, and adoption. A highly usable PrEP CDSS may be a powerful tool to close the gap in youth PrEP access and uptake.
Insulin for Treatment of Neonatal Hyperglycemia in Premature Infants: Prevalence over Time and Association with Outcomes
Authors: Titchiner Daniela , Hornik Chi , Benjamin Robert , Tolia Veeral , Smith P Brian , Greenberg Rachel G.
Published: November 2022

Objective Our objective was to determine the prevalence of insulin treatment in premature infants with hyperglycemia and evaluate the association of length of treatment with outcomes.

Study Design The study included cohort of 29,974 infants 22 to 32 weeks gestational age (GA) admitted to over 300 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 1997 to 2018 and diagnosed with hyperglycemia.

Results Use of insulin significantly decreased during the study period (p = 0.002) among studied NICUs. The percentage of hyperglycemic infants exposed to insulin ranged from 0 to 81%. Infants who received insulin were more likely to have lower GA, birth weight, 5-minute Apgar score, longer duration of stay, and require mechanical ventilation. After adjustment for GA, infants requiring insulin for >14 days were more likely to have treated retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and develop chronic lung disease (CLD). Insulin treatment of 1 to 7 days had increased odds of death, death/ROP, and death/CLD compared with no exposure.

Conclusion Insulin use decreased over time, and differing durations of use were associated with adverse outcomes.

Key Points
Definition of a Practical Taxonomy for Referencing Data Quality Problems in Health Care Databases
Authors: Quindroit Paul , Fruchart Mathilde , Degoul Samuel , Perichon Renaud , Martignène Niels , Soula Julien , Marcilly Romaric , Lamer Antoine
Published: November 2022

Introduction Health care information systems can generate and/or record huge volumes of data, some of which may be reused for research, clinical trials, or teaching. However, these databases can be affected by data quality problems; hence, an important step in the data reuse process consists in detecting and rectifying these issues. With a view to facilitating the assessment of data quality, we developed a taxonomy of data quality problems in operational databases.

Material We searched the literature for publications that mentioned “data quality problems,” “data quality taxonomy,” “data quality assessment,” or “dirty data.” The publications were then reviewed, compared, summarized, and structured using a bottom-up approach, to provide an operational taxonomy of data quality problems. The latter were illustrated with fictional examples (though based on reality) from clinical databases.

Results Twelve publications were selected, and 286 instances of data quality problems were identified and were classified according to six distinct levels of granularity. We used the classification defined by Oliveira et al to structure our taxonomy. The extracted items were grouped into 53 data quality problems.

Discussion This taxonomy facilitated the systematic assessment of data quality in databases by presenting the data's quality according to their granularity. The definition of this taxonomy is the first step in the data cleaning process. The subsequent steps include the definition of associated quality assessment methods and data cleaning methods.

Conclusion Our new taxonomy enabled the classification and illustration of 53 data quality problems found in hospital databases.
Producing graphene sustainably using common organic materials
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2022

Green laser-induced graphene can be made from many organic polymers, could reduce waste and lower costs in many fields
Research on a step delay method in sequential equivalent time sampling (ETS)
Authors: Li Haitao , Li Binkang , Lv Zongjing , Chen Yanli
Published: November 2022

Sequential equivalent time sampling (ETS) has been extensively used in data acquisition instruments (e.g., sampling oscilloscopes and time domain reflectometers). A novel step delay method is proposed based on the frequency difference to obtain a higher sampling rate in sequential ETS. It is different from the classic step delay methods and is capable of increasing the sampling rate. The sampling clock and the repetitive signal are taken as examples in this study. The time–frequency conversion relationship indicates that a fine step delay will be generated in the time domain if there is a frequency difference between the two in the frequency domain. The core of the proposed method is the selection of the appropriate frequency difference (step delay) according to the desired equivalent sampling rate. Two experiments were performed to verify the proposed method. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified using a digital storage oscilloscope. Four cases are examined in the experiment, and the final equivalent sampling rate is obtained as 5 PS/s for the equivalent sampling of a 4.999 995 GHz (or higher) signal. A data acquisition system with a 10 MS/s real-time sampling rate is designed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, obtaining a theoretical equivalent sampling rate of 585 GS/s. The theoretical equivalent sampling rate and the examined equivalent sampling rate are consistent. The equivalent sampling waveform and real-time sampling waveform of a 1 GHz signal are compared, and the comparison result suggests that the proposed method can acquire more waveform information. The proposed method obtains a high equivalent sampling rate for repetitive signals, and techniques (e.g., oversampling) are given to obtain higher vertical resolution. The proposed method, combined with a sample-and-hold amplifier, can also achieve a higher analog bandwidth.
Directed delivery of terahertz frequency radiation from quantum cascade lasers within a dry 3He dilution refrigerator
Authors: Vaughan M. , Michailow W. , Salih M. , Li L. , Beere H. , Ritchie D. A. , Linfield E. H. , Davies A. G. , Cunningham J. E.
Published: November 2022

We present a scheme for the full integration of terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) within a dilution refrigerator in order to provide a directed delivery of THz power into the sample space. We describe a successful operation of a 2.68 THz QCL located on the pulse tube cooler stage of the refrigerator, with its output coupled onto a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) located on a milli-kelvin sample stage via hollow metal waveguides and Hysol thermal isolators, achieving a total loss from QCL to the sample of ∼−9 dB. The thermal isolators limit heat leaks to the sample space, with a base temperature of ∼210 mK being achieved. We observe cyclotron resonance (CR) induced in the 2DEG by the QCL and explore the heating impact of the QCL on all stages of the refrigerator. The CR effect induced by the THz QCL is observable at electron temperatures as low as ∼430 mK. The results show a viable route for the exploitation of THz QCLs within the environment of a dilution refrigerator and for the THz power delivery in very low-temperature (<0.5 K) condensed matter experiments.
Dynamical evolution behavior of scientific collaboration hypernetwork
Authors: Li Xiangbo , Wang Gangjin , Wei Daijun
Published: November 2022

Scientific collaboration has a complex hypernetwork structure. How to construct scientific collaboration in a complex system is an open issue. In this paper, a non-uniform dynamic collaborative evolution model is proposed. In the proposed method, each scholar is viewed as a node, and each cooperation relationship is regarded as a hyperedge. This model includes three processes: adding hyperedges, entering nodes, and forming hyperedges by new nodes. It is theoretically proved that the hyperdegree distribution of nodes follows the power law distribution. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters on the proposed model are numerically simulated in this paper. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical ones. In addition, experiments show that the influence of nodes and hyperedges will affect the selection of old nodes when new nodes enter the network. This paper not only considers the construction of hyperedges with old nodes but also considers the possibility that new nodes construct new hyperedges among themselves. This model provides a reference for the research of the evolution process of scientific collaboration hypernetworks.
Sign change of anomalous Hall effect with temperature in Cr2.63V0.25Te4 single crystal
Authors: Gu Haiyang , Tian Jianjun , Kang Chaoyang , Wang Longsheng , Pang Rui , Shen Mengna , Liu Kai , She Limin , Song Yeheng , Liu Xiansheng , Zhang Weifeng
Published: November 2022

Anomalous Hall effect, an interesting transport behavior, is of importance topic for fundamental physics and device application. Recently, the sign change of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in some materials has being concerned. Here, we study the electrical transport, magnetic properties, and AHE of Cr2.63V0.25Te4 single crystals. Cr2.63V0.25Te4 shows a bad metal behavior with a resistivity kink at 178 K, corresponding to a peak on a heat capacity–temperature curve, and the strong electron correlation should be a dominant transport mechanism below 178 K. At this temperature, the magnetization shows a sharp magnetic transition. The linear Hall resistivity at a high field with a positive slope suggests a p-type conductivity for bulk Cr2.63V0.25Te4. The clear AHE is observed below 180 K with a larger anomalous Hall conductivity σxy ∼ 2000 Ω−1 cm−1 at 3 K. For 3–60 K, an AHE coefficient Rs is negative, and Rs is positive between 100 and 180 K. The sign change of AHE may be due to Fermi level crossing the overlap of 3d band in ferromagnetic transition-metal materials. Based on our analysis, the AHE mechanism should be the skew scattering. Our results reveal the interesting physical properties in Cr2.63V0.25Te4 single crystals and give another system to study AHE for future Hall device design.
Competing magnetic interactions driven tuning of spin-flop field and anomalous thermal expansion in MnTi1−xMnxO3
Authors: Pal Pratap , Rahaman Aminur , Brar Jaskirat , Bindu R. , Choudhury Debraj
Published: November 2022

Multiferroic MnTiO3 (MTO) is made up of alternate Mn2+ (3d5) and Ti4+ (3d0) layers along the c-axis. It undergoes a magnetic spin-flop driven ferroelectric polarization flop beyond ∼6 T below TN∼64 K. MTO also exhibits a weak negative thermal expansion along the c-axis below ∼90 K. We demonstrate that doping Mn ions at non-magnetic Ti layers acts as a very effective microscopic control parameter to systematically tune both these functional responses. Tuning of c/a lattice parameters in MnTi1−xMnxO3 leads to significant reduction in the spin-flop critical magnetic field from ∼6 T to more easily accessible fields (<2 T for x=0.05). Simultaneously, the controlled tuning of magnetic frustration due to Mn-doping at Ti sites also helps in a systematic enhancement of anomalous thermal expansion in regard to increasing the onset temperature for anomalous expansion to higher values (by ∼40 K for x=0.10) and also strengthening its magnitude (by ∼30% at 15 K for x=0.10 in comparison to x=0.00). Increase in the c/a ratio with Mn doping in MnTiO3 likely causes reduction in the effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which leads to a decrease in the value of the spin-flop magnetic field. Detailed temperature-dependent structural analyses shed light on the critical role of exchange striction mechanism in tuning the negative thermal expansion in doped MnTiO3.
A two-variable control and optimization method for imbalance of high pressure compressor based on improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Sun Chuanzhi , Lu Qing , Wang Yinchu , Liu Yongmeng , Tan Jiubin
Published: November 2022

To solve the problem of low quality rate for one-time assembly of high-pressure compressors, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) is used to adjust and optimize the imbalance after assembly. This paper takes the post-assembly imbalance of a multi-stage rotor of a high-pressure compressor as the objective function, to reduce the post-assembly imbalance by adjusting the arrangement order of rotor blades and the assembly phase between rotors. We used a four-sector staggered distribution method to generate high-quality initial populations and added an elite retention strategy. The crossover and mutation probabilities are adaptively adjusted according to the fitness function values. The threshold termination condition is added to make the algorithm converge quickly so as to achieve fast, stable, and efficient search. The simulation results show that the imbalance is reduced by 99.46% by using the improved genetic algorithm, which is better than the traditional GA. The experimental results show that the imbalance of the two correction surfaces can be reduced to 640 and 760 g·mm, respectively, which is 86.7% and 87.1% better than the zero-degree assembly.
Efficiency-optimized near-field thermophotovoltaics using InAs and InAsSbP
Authors: Forcade Gavin P. , Valdivia Christopher E. , Molesky Sean , Lu Shengyuan , Rodriguez Alejandro W. , Krich Jacob J. , St-Gelais Raphael , Hinzer Karin
Published: November 2022

Waste heat is a free and abundant energy source, with 15% of global total energy use existing as waste heat above 600 K. For 600–900 K temperature range, near-field thermophotovoltaics (NFTPVs) are theorized to be the most effective technology to recycle waste heat into electrical power. However, to date, experimental efficiencies have not exceeded 1.5%. In this work, we optimize the efficiency of three modeled InAs/InAsSbP-based room-temperature NFTPV devices positioned 0.1 μm from a 750 K p-doped Si radiator. We couple a one-dimensional fluctuational electrodynamics model for the near field optics to a two-dimensional drift-diffusion model, which we validated by reproducing measured dark current–voltage curves of two previously published InAs and InAsSbP devices. The optimized devices show four to six times higher above-bandgap energy transfer compared to the blackbody radiative limit, yielding enhanced power density, while simultaneously lowering parasitic sub-bandgap energy transfer by factors of 0.68–0.85. Substituting InAs front- and back-surface field layers with InAsSbP show 1.5- and 1.4-times higher efficiency and power output, respectively, from lowered parasitic diffusion currents. Of our three optimized designs, the best performing device has a double heterostructure with an n–i–p doping order from front to back. For radiator-thermophotovoltaic gaps of 0.01–10 μm and radiators within 600–900 K, this device has a maximum efficiency of 14.2% and a maximum power output of 1.55 W/cm2, both at 900 K. Within 600–900 K, the efficiency is always higher with near- vs far-field illumination; we calculate up to 3.7- and 107-times higher efficiency and power output, respectively, using near-field heat transfer.
Numerical simulation of bubbly jets in crossflow using OpenFOAM
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Wenming
Published: November 2022

This paper conducted a computational fluid dynamics study of bubbly jets (not bubble plumes due to pure gas injection) in crossflow to explore the hydrodynamics that are still unknown. A three-dimensional model was developed, calibrated, and validated by coupling the Euler–Euler two-fluid model with unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach in OpenFOAM. The results showed that the modeled gas void fraction, bubble velocity, water jet centerline trajectory, and jet expansion agree well with the experimental data. The vertical distribution of turbulent kinetic energy evolves from mono-peak to dual-peaks as the jet penetrates farther for the bubbly jet due to the interactions between bubbles and ambient water flow. Water velocity distribution was examined at cross sections of both the air- and water-phases of bubbly jets in crossflow, and counter-rotating vortex pairs can be clearly observed for both phases. Generally, the center-plane maximum concentration decreases in the crossflow direction. Compared to pure water jets, bubbly jets are stretched wider in the vertical direction due to the lift of bubbles, and thus, dilution is larger. Interestingly, the vorticity at water jet cross sections of bubbly jets evolves from two vertical “kidney-shapes” to two axisymmetric “thumb-up-shapes.” Moreover, effects of ambient crossflow on bubbly jet behaviors were systematically examined. As the crossflow velocity increases, the locations of maximum concentration, maximum velocity magnitude, maximum vorticity magnitude, as well as water jet centerline, all tend to be lower for bubbly jets.
Psychological stress recognition from heart rate variability parameters based on field programmable gate arrays
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Houqin , Luo Yuemei , Tang Hongying , Mao Hongwei , Bi Shubo
Published: November 2022

Psychological stress is a big threat to people’s health. Early detection of psychological stress is important. The design of a stress recognition device based on the ECG (electrocardiograph) signal is presented in this paper. The device features intelligence, precision, portability, fast response, and low power consumption. In the design, the ECG signals are acquired by the AD8232 ECG module and processed by a low power consumption FPGA (Field Programmable Gated Array) development board PYNQ-Z2. Meanwhile, a modified Deep Forest model named Aw-Deep Forest (Adaptive Weight Deep Forest) is proposed. The Aw-Deep Forest has better performance than the Deep Forest model because it improves the fitting quality of the forests. By implementing the Aw-Deep Forest model on the FPGA, the device can assess people’s state of psychological stress by analyzing the HRV (heart rate variability) parameters from ECG data. This paper mainly introduces the detailed process of ECG signal collecting, filtering, analog signal to digital signal conversion, HRV parameter analysis, and psychological stress recognition with Aw-Deep Forest. The final accuracy is 81.39%.
Domain structure evolution during polarization reversal in calcium orthovanadate single crystals
Authors: Shishkina E. V. , Chuvakova M. A. , Yuzhakov V. V. , Akhmatkhanov A. R. , Pelegova E. V. , Nebogatikov M. S. , Ushakov A. D. , Linker E. A. , Ivleva L. I. , Shur V. Ya
Published: November 2022

We have switched polarization in calcium orthovanadate single crystal with as-grown domain structure consisting of isolated domains with charged domain walls (CDWs) located in the bulk using pretreatment by ac field and subsequent switching in dc field at the elevated temperature. The formation of the domain ledges at the CDW in the bulk and their growth in the polar direction has been revealed. The isolated domains with optically well-defined walls appeared when the ledge tops reached the surface, their shape and sizes remaining constant during further switching. Unlike usual continuous domain wall motion, we have observed the discrete switching by arising of the isolated domains without any input of the traditional domain nucleation at the polar surface. The obtained results have been explained under the assumption that at the used experimental conditions, the applied field is above the threshold value for ledge nucleation at CDW in the bulk, but below the threshold for domain wall motion at the surface. Thus, we have obtained the discrete switching by ledge growth without any sideways motion of the domain walls and domain coalescence. The nonuniform evolution of the domain structure at the surface is due to the dependence of the switching rate on the distance from CDW to the polar surface, which is random in the studied domain structure.
Realization of all-crystalline GaN/Er:GaN/GaN core-cladding optical fiber structures
Authors: Smith T. B. , Yan Y. Q. , Zhao W. P. , Li J. , Lin J. Y. , Jiang H. X.
Published: November 2022

Erbium-doped gallium nitride (Er:GaN) is a promising gain material for solid-state high-energy lasers operating in the 1.5 μm wavelength window due to the superior optical properties and extremely high thermal conductivity of a GaN host crystal that permit high-power and high-temperature applications. We report the realization of all-crystalline GaN/Er:GaN/GaN embedded waveguide fiber structures using the hydride vapor phase epitaxy growth and re-growth technique, along with chemical–mechanical polishing processes. The Er:GaN core layer possesses an Er doping concentration of 1.7×1020 atoms/cm3, confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements. X-ray diffraction measurements confirm, respectively, c-, a-, and m-plane orientations for top/bottom, side, and front/back cross-sectional cladding layers of the fiber structure with good single-crystalline quality. The 1.5 μm Er3+ emission was detected from each surface of the fiber structures via 980 nm resonant excitation. The effect of 1.54 μm light guiding by the fiber structure has been demonstrated. This work laid the foundation toward achieving all-crystalline core-cladding fibers based on GaN wide bandgap semiconductor with potential applications in the harsh environments of high powers, power densities, and temperatures.
Row spacing as a controller of solar module temperature and power output in solar farms
Authors: Stanislawski Brooke J. , Harman Todd , Silverman Timothy J. , Cal Raúl Bayoán , Calaf Marc
Published: November 2022

When the temperature of solar photovoltaic modules rises, efficiency drops and module degradation accelerates. The spatial arrangement of solar modules can affect convective cooling and, consequently, module temperatures. However, the impact of row spacing on convective cooling in realistic solar farms has not yet been studied. Here, we develop six solar farm arrangements consisting of a fixed number of rows with varying streamwise row spacing. We model the flow and heat transfer of each solar farm using high-resolution large-eddy simulations. Results indicate that increasing row spacing can enhance convective cooling by 14.8%, which reduces module temperature by 6.6 °C and increases power output by 4.0% on average.
Hybrid states of a cavity-photon–vortex coupled system in a superconductive cavity
Authors: Wang Lei , Shang Xin , Liu Haiwen , Min Tai , Xia Ke
Published: November 2022

As the Abrikosov vortex lattice has recently been found in van der Waals heterostructures constructed by a two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnet and a superconductor, we propose the realization of cavity-photon–vortex coupling in a superconductive cavity to construct a new hybrid quantum system in this paper. We study the corresponding hybrid states therein, including the exceptional lines (ELs) in the parameter space. Considering that the parameters of our system are adjustable by external magnetic field and temperature, our system and the ELs are much easier to be realized in experiments. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the corresponding hybrid states can be switched by tuning the source of AC, which makes this hybrid system more advantageous to realize hybrid quantum computing in the future. Moreover, for practical use in detecting hybrid states and the vortex dynamics, the transmission amplitude of an external transverse electric wave through the cavity is also studied.
Toward unraveling the mechanisms of aerosol generation during phonation
Authors: Fritzsche L. , Schwarze R. , Junghans F. , Bauer K.
Published: November 2022

Aerosol droplets made from respiratory liquid are of fundamental importance for airborne transmission of several virus-based diseases, such as COVID-19. While the transmission route in the air has been intensively studied in the last two years, only few papers deal with the formation of these droplets. It seems to be accepted that such droplets are generated by upper airway activity such as talking, sneezing, or coughing. Especially talking is associated with disease transmission, although the droplet formation mechanisms have not been fully resolved yet. Thus, we focus on the investigation of the atomization process of respiratory liquid attached to the vocal folds. A new experimental setup has been installed that emulates the vocal folds and their oscillating movement in a simplified manner. A model liquid mimicking the respiratory mucus is dispersed at the vocal folds. The primary atomization of the model liquid into an air stream is observed qualitatively. This new insight shows that in contrast to the typical assumption that only liquid bridges form between the vocal folds and breakup into droplets, rather bubbles are generated, which can breakup into much smaller particles than filaments. Furthermore, droplet size distributions downstream of the vocal folds are evaluated. The influence of the oscillation frequency and amplitude as well as air flow rate on the droplet size distributions are analyzed. It is found that an increase in both frequency and amplitude leads to smaller particle sizes, while raising the air flow rate results in a higher proportion of larger particles.
Spatial constraints and seasonal conditions but not poaching pressure are linked with elevated faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in white rhino
Authors: Nhleko Zoliswa N. , Ganswindt Andre , Ferreira Sam M. , McCleery Robert A.
Published: November 2022

Context Due to considerable declines in African wildlife populations, most large African mammals are managed inside protected areas. Protected areas come in various sizes, and have different environmental features, climates and management strategies (i.e. ‘hands-on’ or ‘hands-off’) that can influence an animals’ homeostasis. White rhinos (Ceratotherium simum simum) are found almost exclusively within protected areas where population sizes are driven by natural factors and poaching pressures. Aims Our aim was to understand the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on the adrenocortical response of white rhinos within three protected areas. Specifically, we wanted to understand how poaching pressure, protected area size (<500 km2), season (wet and dry) and rainfall patterns were responsible for driving adrenocortical activity in white rhino. Methods To understand the relationship between rhino adrenocortical responses and different environmental and anthropogenic stressors, we quantified glucocorticoid metabolites in faecal samples (fGCM) collected from four populations within three protected areas (i.e. two small parks, one big park) during the wet and dry seasons. Key results We found differences in seasonal fGCM concentrations, with a 42% increase during the dry season, and no differences in fGCM concentrations between the high and low poaching areas. Additionally, we found fGCM concentrations in samples from the small parks were respectively 38% and 42% higher than in samples from the large park during both the dry and wet seasons compared. Conclusions Our results suggest that white rhinos may experience physiological stress in smaller parks, especially during the dry season when resources are limited. Implications By mitigating stress associated with reduced access to resources and spatial constraints, managers may better promote the viability of large mammals in small protected areas.
Surprise machines
Authors: Rodighiero Dario , Derry Lins , Duhaime Douglas , Kruguer Jordan , Mueller Maximilian C. , Pietsch Christopher , Schnapp Jeffrey T. , Steward Jeff , metaLAB
Published: November 2022

Surprise Machines is a project of experimental museology that
sets out to visualize the entire image collection of the Harvard Art Museums,
with a view to opening up unexpected vistas on more than 200,000 objects usually
inaccessible to visitors. The project is part of the exhibition organized by
metaLAB (at) Harvard entitled Curatorial A(i)gents and explores the limits of
artificial intelligence to display a large set of images and create surprise
among visitors. To achieve this feeling of surprise, a choreographic interface
was designed to connect the audience’s movement with several unique views of the
collection.
The representation of migrant identities in UK Government documents about Brexit
Authors: Parnell Tamsin
Published: November 2022

In the English worldview, “not all immigrants are created equal” (Henderson and Wyn Jones 2021: 91). This paper provides support for the above statement by employing key semantic domain analysis (Rayson 2008) and CDA to answer the research question: How are EU and extra-EU migrants constructed in Brexit-related UK Government documents published between 2016 and 2019? The analysis demonstrates that extra-EU migrants are constructed as a threat that requires UK-EU unity. At the same time, the government’s grammatical and linguistic strategies discursively exclude EU migrants from the British public. The study argues that a neoliberal construction of the acceptable EU migrant erases the identities of migrant workers in so-called “unskilled” roles and foreshadows the social exclusion of these groups brought about by the UK’s post-Brexit immigration system. The paper concludes that the documents problematise Britain’s “tolerant nation” rhetoric and threaten to weaken feelings of belonging to the UK among migrants.
Gaussian curvature of spherical shells: a geometric measure of complexity
Authors: Singh Sayuri , Baboolal Dharmanand , Goswami Rituparno , Maharaj Sunil D
Published: November 2022

We consider a semitetrad covariant decomposition of spherically symmetric spacetimes, and find a governing hyperbolic equation for the Gaussian curvature of two dimensional spherical shells, that emerges from the decomposition. The restoration factor of this hyperbolic travelling wave equation allows us to construct a geometric measure of complexity. This measure depends critically on the Gaussian curvature, and we demonstrate this geometric connection to complexity for the first time. We illustrate the utility of this measure by classifying well known spherically symmetric metrics with different matter distributions. We also define an order structure on the set of all spherically symmetric spacetimes, according to their complexity and physical properties.
On the structural and magnetic properties of Al-rich high entropy alloys: a joint experimental-theoretical study
Authors: Dastanpour Esmat , Huang Shuo , Schönecker Stephan , Mao Huahai , Ström Valter , Eriksson Olle , Varga Lajos Károly , Vitos Levente
Published: November 2022

The present work investigates how the vanadium (V) content in a series of Al50V
x
(Cr0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)(50−x) (x = 12.5, 6.5, 3.5, and 0.5 at.%) high-entropy alloys affects the local magnetic moment and magnetic transition temperature as a step towards developing high-entropy functional materials for magnetic refrigeration. This has been achieved by carrying out experimental investigations on induction melted alloys and comparison to ab initio and thermodynamic calculations. Structural characterization by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicates a dual-phase microstructure containing a disordered body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and a B2 phase with long-range order, which significantly differ in the Co and V contents. Ab initio calculations demonstrate a weaker magnetization and lower magnetic transition temperature (T
C) of the BCC phase in comparison with the B2 phase. We find that lower V content increases the B2 phase fraction, the saturation magnetization, and the Curie point, in line with the calculations. This trend is primarily connected with the preferential partition of V in the BCC phase, which however hinders the theoretically predicted antiferromagnetic B2 phase stabilizing effect of V. On the other hand, the chemistry-dependent properties of the ferromagnetic B2 phase suggest that a careful tuning of the composition and phase fractions can open the way towards promising high-entropy magnetic materials.
A type-II NGyne/GaSe heterostructure with high carrier mobility and tunable electronic properties for photovoltaic application
Authors: Zeng Liru , Zhang Siyu , Yao Linwei , Bi Zhisong , Zhang Yanni , Kang Peng , Yan Junfeng , Zhang Zhiyong , Yun Jiangni
Published: November 2022

The two-dimensional heterostructures with type-II band alignment and super-high carrier mobility offer an updated perspective for photovoltaic devices. Here, based on the first-principles calculation, a novel vertical NGyne/GaSe heterostructure with an intrinsic type-II band alignment, super-high carrier mobility (104 cm2 V−1 s−1), and strong visible to ultraviolet light absorption (104–105 cm−1) is constructed. We investigate the electronic structure and the interfacial properties of the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure under electric field and strain. The band offsets and band gap of the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure can be regulated under applied vertical electric field and strain efficiently. Further study reveals that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure is vastly improved under a negative electric field and reaches up to 25.09%. Meanwhile, near-free electron states are induced under a large applied electric field, leading to the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure transform from semiconductors to metal. Our results indicate that the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure will have extremely potential in optoelectronic devices, especially solar cells.
Late-time cosmology with phantom dark-energy in f(Q) gravity
Authors: Lymperis Andreas
Published: November 2022

Motivated by the exciting features and a recent proposed general form of the function of non-metricity scalar Q, we investigate the cosmological implications inf(Q) gravity, through the resulting effective dark energy sector, extracting analytical expressions for the dark energy density, equation-of-state and the deceleration parameters. We show that even in the absence of a cosmological constant, the universe exhibits the usual thermal history, with the sequence of matter and dark energy eras, and the dark-energy equation-of-state parameter always lie in the phantom regime. Additionally, calculating the age of the universe, through the extracted analytical equations of the scenario at hand, we show that the result coincide with the value corresponding to ΛCDM scenario within 1σ. Moreover, we show the excellent agreement of the scenario at hand with Supernovae type Ia observational data. Lastly, comparing the cosmological behavior in the case of the absence of an explicit cosmological constant, with the one of the presence of a cosmological constant we show thatf(Q) gravity can mimic the cosmological constant in a very efficient way, providing very similar behavior, revealing the advantages and capabilitites of the scenario at hand.
Next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to gluon fragmentation into

quarkonia*
Authors: Feng Feng , Jia Yu
Published: November 2022

Within the NRQCD factorization framework, we compute the next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to the gluon fragmentation into the

Fock components of a quarkonium, at the lowest order in velocity expansion. We follow the operator definition of the fragmentation function advanced by Collins and Soper. The key technique underpinning our calculation is the sector decomposition method widely used in the area of multi-loop computation. It is found that the NLO QCD corrections have significant effects, and qualitatively modify the profiles of the corresponding leading-order fragmentation functions.
Characteristics of electron temperature profile stiffness in electron-heated plasmas on EAST
Authors: Liu J.W. , Zang Q. , Liang Y. , Huang Y.H. , Li E.Z. , Xu L.Q. , Knieps A. , Chu Y.Q. , Chao Y. , Hu Y.C. , Jin Y.F. , Liu H.Q. , Zhao H.L. , Lyu B. , Gong X.Z. , the EAST Team
Published: November 2022

A very high core electron temperature (T
e0 ∼ 10 keV) plasma has been established and stably sustained by applying both lower hybrid wave (LHW) and on-axis electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). In this work, power balance analysis shows that the increase of ECRH power can increase the normalized T
e gradient significantly at the plasma core region (ρ < 0.6), but does not change the T
e profile stiffness in the low-density L-mode plasmas. This has been considered to be due to a strong synergistic effect between ECRH and LHW. Furthermore, three distinguishable stages characterized by different T
e profile stiffnesses can be identified from the density ramp-up in the electron-heated plasma on EAST. A stronger T
e profile stiffness at ρ = 0.3 has been observed in the Stage-II, where the LHW power deposition gradually moves away from the plasma core region, following the electron density increases. Furthermore, the formation of an internal plasma density transport barrier inside ρ ∼ 0.6, accompanied by a sudden drop in core T
e and a rise in both core plasma density and ion temperature, has been observed for the first time during the transition from the Stage-II to the Stage-III when the central line-averaged plasma density reaches a threshold of 2.2 × 1019 m−3. This finding strongly affects further development of high-performance gas-fueled electron-heated plasma scenarios in EAST and suggests an advanced operational regime with a wide internal plasma density transport barrier.