bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectory of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Children With Valvar Aortic Stenosis Following Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty
Authors: Papneja Koyelle , Blatman Zachary M. , Kawpeng Ian D. , Wheatley Jacqueline , Oscé Hanne , Li Boning , Lafreniere-Roula Myriam , Fan Chun P.S. , Manlhiot Cedric , Benson Lee N. , Mertens Luc
Published: January 2022

Background:

Aortic valve stenosis is the most common type of congenital left ventricular (LV) outflow tract obstruction. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has become the first-line treatment pathway in many centers. Our aim was to assess the trajectory of LV remodeling following BAV in children and its relationship to residual aortic stenosis (AS) and insufficiency (AI).

Methods:

Children <18 years of age who underwent BAV for isolated aortic stenosis from 2004 to 2012 were eligible for inclusion. Those with AI before BAV, other complex congenital heart lesions, or <2 accessible follow-up echocardiograms were excluded. Baseline and serial echocardiographic data pertaining to aortic valve and LV size and function were retrospectively collected through December 2017 or the first reintervention. Longitudinal data was assessed using per-patient time profiles with superimposed trend lines using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing. Associations with reintervention or death were also evaluated.

Results:

Among the 98 enrolled children, the median (interquartile range) age at BAV was 2.8 months (0.2–75). The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 6.8 years (1.9–9.0). Children with predominantly residual AI (n=11) demonstrated progressive increases in their LV end-diastolic dimension
Z
score within the first 3 years after the BAV, followed by a plateau (
P
<0.001). Their mean LV circumferential and longitudinal strain values remained within the normal range but lower than in the non-AI group (
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.001, respectively). Children with predominantly residual aortic stenosis (n=44) had no changes in LV dimensions but had a rapid early increase in mean LV circumferential and longitudinal strain. The cumulative proportion (95% CI) of reintervention at 5 years following BAV was 33.7% (23.6%–42.4%).

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that LV remodeling occurs mainly during the first 3 years in children with predominantly residual AI after BAV, with no subsequent significant functional changes over the medium term. These data improve our understanding of expected patient trajectories and thus may inform decisions on the timing of reintervention.
Impact of Frailty and Prefrailty on Outcomes of Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V. , Zhao Yanglu , Leon Martin B. , Sathananthan Janar , Alu Maria , Thourani Vinod H. , Smith Craig R. , Mack Michael J. , Cohen David J.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Randomized trials have shown short- and mid-term benefits with transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement (TAVR versus SAVR) for patients at intermediate or low-risk for surgery. Frailty and prefrailty could explain some of this benefit due to an impaired ability to recover fully from a major surgical procedure.

Methods:

We examined 2-year outcomes (survival and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire [KCCQ] scores) among patients at intermediate or low surgical risk treated with transfemoral-TAVR or SAVR within the PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) 2A trial, SAPIEN 3 intermediate-risk registry, and PARTNER 3 trial. Frailty was examined as a continuous variable based on grip strength, gait speed, serum albumin, and activities of daily living. We tested the interaction of frailty markers by treatment (TAVR versus SAVR) in proportional hazards regression models (survival) and piecewise linear regression models (KCCQ), adjusting for patient demographic and clinical factors.

Results:

Among the 3025 patients in the analytic cohort (2003 TAVR, 1022 SAVR; mean age 79.3 years, 61.6% men), 799 (26.4%) were nonfrail, 2041 (67.5%) were prefrail (1–2 frailty markers), and 185 (6.1%) were frail (3–4 frailty markers). Increasing frailty (none versus prefrail versus frail) was associated with higher 2-year mortality (5.5% versus 11.1% versus 22.8%; log-rank
P
<0.001) and worse 2-year health status among survivors (KCCQ scores adjusted for baseline: 84.8 versus 79.6 versus 77.4,
P
<0.001). In multivariable models, there were no significant interactions between frailty markers and treatment group for either survival (interaction
P
=0.39) or health status (interaction
P
>0.47 for all time points).

Conclusions:

In a cohort of older patients with severe aortic stenosis who were at low or intermediate surgical risk, increasing frailty markers were associated with worse 2-year mortality and greater health status impairment after either TAVR or SAVR, but there were no significant interactions between type of valve replacement and frailty with respect to either outcome.
Longer-Term Results of a Universal Electronic Consultation Program at the Cardiology Department of a Galician Healthcare Area
Authors: Rey-Aldana Daniel , Mazón-Ramos Pilar , Portela-Romero Manuel , Cinza-Sanjurjo Sergio , Alvarez-Alvarez Belen , Agra-Bermejo Rosa , Rigueiro-Veloso Pedro , Espasandín-Domínguez Jenifer , Gude-Sampedro Francisco , González-Juanatey José R.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Telemedicine models play a key role in organizing the growing demand for care and healthcare accessibility, but there are no described longer-term results in health care. Our objective is to assess the longer-term results (delay time in care, accessibility, and hospital admissions) of an electronic consultation (e-consultation) outpatient care program.

Methods:

Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained from the 41 258 patients referred by primary care to the cardiology department from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Until 2012, all patients were attended in an in-person consultation (2010–2012). In 2013, we instituted an e-consultation program (2013-2019) for all primary care referrals to cardiologists that preceded patients’ in-person consultations when considered. We used an interrupted time series regression approach to investigate the impact of the e-consultation on (1) delay time (days) in care and (2) hospital admissions. We also analyzed (3) total number and referral rate (population-adjusted referred rate) in both periods (in-person consultation and e-consultation), and (4) the accessibility was measured as number of consultations and variation according to distance from municipality and reference hospital.

Results:

During the e-consultation, the demand increased (7.2±2.4% versus 10.1±4.8% per 1000 inhabitants,
P
<0.001), and referrals from different areas were equalized. The reduction in delay to consultation during the in-person consultation (−0.96 [95% CI, −0.951 to −0.966],
P
<0.001) was maintained with e-consultations (−0.064 [95% CI, 0.043–0.085],
P
<0.001). After the implementation of e-consultation, we observed that the increasing of hospital admission observed in the in-person consultation (incidence rate ratio, 1.011 [95% CI, 1.003–1.018]), was stabilized (incidence rate ratio, 1.000 [95% CI, 0.985–1.015];
P
=0.874).

Conclusions:

Implementing e-consultations in the outpatient management model may improve accessibility of care for patients furthest from the referral hospital. After e-consultations were implemented, the upward trend of hospital admissions observed during the in-person consultation period was stabilized with a slight downward trend.
Non-Empirical Uncertainties in Evidence-Based Decision Making
Authors: Ongaro Malvina , Andreoletti Mattia
Published: January 2022

The increasing success of the evidence-based policy movement is raising the demand of empirically informed decision making. As arguably any policy decision happens under conditions of uncertainty, following our best available evidence to reduce the uncertainty seems a requirement of good decision making. However, not all the uncertainty faced by decision makers can be resolved by evidence. In this paper, we build on a philosophical analysis of uncertainty to identify the boundaries of scientific advice in policy decision making. We start by introducing a distinction between empirical and non-empirical types of uncertainty, and we explore the role of two non-empirical uncertainties in the context of policy making. We argue that the authority of scientific advisors is limited to empirical uncertainty and cannot extend beyond it. While the appeal of evidence-based policy rests on a view of scientific advice as limited to empirical uncertainty, in practice there is a risk of over reliance on experts beyond the legitimate scope of their authority. We conclude by applying our framework to a real-world case of evidence-based policy, where experts have overstepped their boundaries by ignoring non-empirical types of uncertainty.
New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae)
Authors: ZAMANI ALIREZA , STOCKMANN MARK , MAGALHAES IVAN L. F. , RHEIMS CRISTINA A.
Published: January 2022

New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae Blackwall, 1864 are proposed. Here, the family is considered to include two subfamilies: Scytodinae Blackwall, 1864, comprising the genera Scytodes Latreille, 1804 and Dictis L. Koch, 1872, and Scyloxinae subfam. n., comprising the genera Scyloxes Dunin, 1992 and Stedocys Ono, 1995. Scytodes arwa Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 is considered a senior synonym of Scytodes makeda Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 syn. n. and the male of Scytodes kumonga Zamani & Marusik, 2020 is described for the first time, with the species being newly recorded from Oman. Observations on the natural history of S. kumonga were made using specimens raised to maturity from egg-sacs produced by females collected in Oman. The monotypic genus Soeuria Saaristo, 1997 is synonymized with Dictis, hence the transfer of its type species, D. soeur (Saaristo, 1997) comb. n. to this genus. Dictis thailandica Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2010 is considered incertae sedis, and Dictis striatipes L. Koch, 1872 is considered a senior synonym of Dictis lugubris Thorell, 1887 syn. n., Scytodes bilqis Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten syn. n., Dictis denticulata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2010 syn. n., Dictis ganeshi Keswani, 2015 syn. n. and D. mumbaiensis Ahmed, Satan, Khalap & Mohan, 2015 syn. n., and the species is newly reported from several countries. Scyloxes magna (Bristowe, 1952) comb. n. and Scyloxes zhaoi (Wu & Li, 2017) comb. n. are transferred to Scyloxes from Scytodes and Stedocys, respectively.
New records of Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) from India
Authors: MAZUMDER ARNA , SANYAL ABESH KUMAR , SCHINTLMEISTER ALEXANDER , GAYEN SUBRATA , CHANDRA KAILASH , RAHA ANGSHUMAN
Published: January 2022

The present study discusses the systematic accounts of ten species of the family Notodontidae recorded here for the first time from India. The species were collected from different parts of Indian Himalaya, the majority being reported from the Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh. Among these ten species, we present two new combinations under subfamily Spataliinae, viz. Odnarda leechi comb. nov. and Torona lucida comb. nov. based on the affinities in male genitalia structure with these recently upgraded genera compared to the previously considered expanded concept of Biula and Bireta, respectively. Moreover, three genera under subfamily Notodontinae viz. Himalodontosia, Periphalera and Pseudosomera are newly added to the existing Indian Notodontidae fauna with respective species H. mahendra, P. albicauda and P. noctuiformis yunwu. Another five new records include one species of the subfamily Dudusinae - Tarsolepis taiwana, one species of the subfamily Spataliinae - Ogulina ochrocinerea, and three species of the subfamily Notodontinae - Syntypistis synechochlora, S. witoldi and Ptilodon amplius. Thus, the present study updates the Indian Notodontidae richness to a total of 257 species and 15 subspecies (272 species/subspecies including nominotypical subspecies) under 119 genera. Here, we provide species diagnoses with similar congeners along with habitus, genitalia images, information on the bionomy and distribution map for each of these newly recorded species.
Description of Acanthonavis deflexa gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from the Nicobar Island, India, and generic re-definition of Editaaleyrodes David
Authors: DUBEY ANIL KUMAR
Published: January 2022

A new whitefly genus and species, Acanthonavis deflexa gen. et sp. nov. are diagnosed and discussed with description of dimorphic puparia, third and second instars collected on the Nicobar Island, India. Puparia of the new genus differ from all other genera in demarcated subventral area and deflexed submargin, and from an allied genus Editaaleyrodes David in lacking polygonal markings in the thoracic tracheal furrows, and geminate pores, and in having subventral area demarcated from the submargin. The whitefly genus Editaaleyrodes is re-defined and diagnosed for puparial characters through examination of its type species, Editaaleyrodes indicus David. Several previously undescribed morphological characters of E. indicus are discussed and figured. Line drawings and microphotographs of habitus on leaf surface of the new species, are provided.
What Happens When Coups Fail? The Problem of Identifying and Weakening the Enemy Within
Authors: Woldense Josef
Published: January 2022

The ruler’s ability to cope with crises is critical for authoritarian durability. Yet, the coping mechanism—the actual management strategies by which rulers confront crises—is largely treated as a black box. This study takes a step in addressing this problem by examining how rulers use their appointment powers to manage the crisis that is the aftermath of failed coups. I argue that the principle challenge of this period is that rulers cannot identify the opposition and to cope, they deliberately infuse the center of the regime with officials from the periphery to dilute and ultimately weaken the invisible enemy they confront. Using a novel dataset on the appointments of mid and high level officials over the course of 34 years in Ethiopia, I find that the ruler relied considerably on outside officials following the failed coup in 1960 in ways he never did before or after the event.
The Political Legacies of Rebel Rule: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Martin Philip A. , Piccolino Giulia , Speight Jeremy S.
Published: January 2022

How does exposure to rebel rule affect citizens’ political attitudes after armed conflicts end? We combine original survey data from Côte d’Ivoire with a natural experiment based on the arbitrary location of a ceasefire boundary to estimate the effects of exposure to rebel rule by the Forces Nouvelles (FN) on Ivorians’ sense of democratic citizenship. Our findings show that individuals in communities ruled by the FN held more negative attitudes about local government institutions 7 years after the reunification of the country, held weaker commitments to civic obligations, and were more likely to condone extralegal actions. The effects of rebel rule are larger than the effects of extreme lived poverty and appear among both rebel coethnics and non-coethnics. Using qualitative and survey evidence, we propose three theoretical mechanisms to explain why exposure to rebel rule weakened citizen-state relations: disrupted norms of compliance with state-like authorities, the formation of local self-help institutions leading to negative assessments of the redeployed state, and resentment due to unmet expectations of economic recovery. Our study informs debates about the links between war, citizenship, and statebuilding.
A Person-Centered, Theoretically-Informed Analysis of Gender Differences in Aggression
Authors: Bouffard Leana A. , Muftić Lisa R. , Niebuhr Nicole , Bouffard Jeff A.
Published: January 2022

The “gender gap” in offending is largest for violent crime types, and many theoretical perspectives have attempted to account for this gap. The current study provides unique insight into these issues by using a sample of men and women in prison to examine and explain intentions to be aggressive in response to a hypothetical scenario. Results show that similar factors (e.g., low self-control, prior aggression) predict aggressive responses to a hypothetical scenario for both men and women, but some evidence also emerged that different factors account for men’s and women’s behavior (e.g., education, family attachment).
The Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services: Part Five—Issues in Care for the Seriously Ill and Dying—and Promoting their Value in a Secular Culture Seeking Assisted Suicide
Authors: Sybert Christine
Published: January 2022

The sixth edition of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops’ (USCCB) Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (ERDs) provides ethical guidance for Catholic healthcare professionals and institutions for many moral issues. Presented here is a brief discussion of the main points contained in Part Five, which covers issues in care for the seriously ill and dying patient, and includes a focus on the challenges of promoting the essence of these Directives—without using religious arguments—to a secularized culture clamoring for physician-assisted suicide (PAS).
Seeing is Believing: The Impacts of Visual Exemplars on American Young Adults’ Reactions to Anti-Prescription Opioid Campaigns
Authors: Cao Xiaoxia , Xu Jie
Published: January 2022

Many public health campaigns are designed to combat the opioid crisis in America. However, these campaigns are often ineffective or even counterproductive. To explore what contributes to the (in)effectiveness of these campaigns, an online experiment was conducted among a convenience sample of college students to test American young adults’ reactions to four anti-prescription opioid campaign messages from local and national health organizations that vary in the presence of visual exemplars and statistical information. The study found that including a visual exemplar showing the negative consequences of misusing prescription opioids increased perceived susceptibility, psychological reactance, and perceived campaign effectiveness. The impacts of visual exemplars on psychological reactance and perceived campaign effectiveness were moderated by statistical information and (partially) explained by the believability of the campaigns.
Using the Craniovertebral Angle to Quantify Intraoperative Ergonomic Risk
Authors: Kelly Natalie , Mousset Marike , Althubaiti Abdulrahman , Agarwal Riddhima , Onwuka Amanda , Chiang Tendy
Published: January 2022

Objective

To measure the craniovertebral angle during tonsillectomy, assess the interrater reliability of our methodology, and investigate the correlations of the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and the craniovertebral angle to quantify ergonomic risk.

Study Design

Prospective, observational study.

Setting

Tertiary care pediatric institution.

Methods

Neck posture was evaluated for 92 images with 7 surgeons. Lateral images of the surgeon were captured every minute in a standardized method. Images were assessed by 3 raters, measuring the craniovertebral angle, defined as the angle between a horizontal line through the C7 vertebrae and another line through C7 and the tragus of the ear. Interrater reliability of the craniovertebral angle was evaluated using the κ statistic. Per prior publications, reports of neck pain were frequent when the craniovertebral angle value was <50°; thus, we defined an abnormal posture if the craniovertebral angle was <50°.

Results

Mean (SD) craniovertebral angle during tonsillectomy was 26.0° (11.3°). One hundred percent of procedures had at least 1 assessment of abnormal posture. The lowest interrater reliability was 0.77 (CI: 0.67‐0.87). Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and craniovertebral angle (CA) correlation was −0.12 (P =. 27) and, therefore, null.

Conclusion

Poor posture during tonsillectomy places otolaryngologists at intraoperative ergonomic risk. The craniovertebral angle is a predictor of future neck pain, and a pathologic neck position during tonsillectomy was identified. Given the high interrater reliability, our approach to assessing intraoperative surgical ergonomics was validated. Overall, RULA and the CA are not a substitute for one another but complementary.
Prognostic role of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level in part-solid lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yamanashi Keiji , Hamaji Masatsugu , Murakami Kotaro , Shimada Yoshihisa , Kayawake Hidenao , Yutaka Yojiro , Kawaguchi Yohei , Kudo Yujin , Ikeda Norihiko , Date Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Background

Part-solid lung adenocarcinoma appears as a heterogeneous subgroup, and its surgical management is controversial. This study aimed to elucidate whether preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, a time-honored tumor marker, can be used as a prognostic factor that contributes to its management.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with clinical-T1a-cN0M0 part-solid adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection between January 2011 and December 2015 at two institutions.

Results

Overall, 288 patients were identified. The median age was 69 years with 176 patients (61%) being female. The median follow-up time was 5.6 years. Lymph node metastases were found in 6 (15%) of 41 patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels, while 10 (4.0%) of 247 patients had normal carcinoembryonic antigen levels ( P = 0.016). The 5-year overall survival rates in patients with normal and elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels were 96.9% and 87.2%, respectively ( P = 0.006), and the 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 91.8% and 62.8%, respectively ( P < 0.001). The multivariable analysis revealed that preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level was a significant prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.63–5.25, P < 0.001). Among the patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels, the 5-year overall survival rates in those undergoing lobar resection and segmentectomy were 87.0% and 88.9%, respectively ( P = 0.59), and the 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 61.7% and 66.7%, respectively ( P = 0.84).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level appears to be an important predictor of postoperative survival outcomes in early-stage part-solid adenocarcinoma. Further studies are required to optimize management of patients with elevated preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels, although segmentectomy appeared acceptable in those patients.
Introducing change point detection analysis in relationship research: An investigation of couples’ emotion dynamics
Authors: Sels Laura , Schat Evelien , Verhofstadt Lesley , Ceulemans Eva
Published: January 2022

Many relationship theories assume some form of interdependence between relationship partners. Partners are thought to continuously influence each other and to be influenced by each other over time. These influences are not expected to be constant, but dynamic (sometimes partners influence each other a lot, and sometimes they do not influence each other). To investigate such changes in interpersonal dynamics, we showcase the value of using a change point detection approach, which can be used to monitor virtually any preferred quantification of interpersonal dynamics across time. Concretely, we introduce the KCP-RS method, which scans times series for changes in user-specified statistics, in interpersonal emotion dynamic research. We used KCP-RS to investigate changes in 96 couples’ emotional experiences during two 10-minute conversations, which were meant to elicit a negative and a positive interaction context. Based on participants’ continuous reports of the valence of their emotional experience, we looked for changes in three statistical measures, aiming to capture emotional similarity between partners (i.e., does their valence fluctuate together). Specifically, we investigated the occurrence, frequency, and direction of change in partners’ linear correlations, instantaneous derivative matching (IMD), and signal matching (SM). While correlation changes were only observed in 2% of the couples, IDM changes were detected for about one third of the couples (34%), and SM changes were detected in about half of them (49%). Most couples demonstrated one change point, and the direction of the change differed depending on the specific emotional similarity measure. In a first validation of this method, we demonstrated how such change points can pinpoint to subtle but meaningful dynamic processes in couples. We end by discussing the added value of change point detection analyses for relationship research and interpersonal research in general.
IT Governance mechanism and IT-enabled dynamic capabilities drives firm performance: An empirical study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ilmudeen Aboobucker
Published: January 2022

Despite the growing amount of IT investment, IT governance decisions have ever more become complicated due to vague cost relationships, uncertain payoffs, rapid technological changes, and uncertain business environments. This study examines how IT governance mechanism and IT-enabled dynamic capabilities (ITDC) impact on firm performance in the turbulent environment. Drawing on the resource-based theory and dynamic capability theory this study conceptualizes that IT governance mechanism positively effect ITDC, that in turn positively impact on business process agility and firm innovative capability to achieve firm performance. Further, the moderating effect of turbulent environment is hypothesized between ITDC - business process agility and ITDC - firm innovative capability relationship. The finding from 188 senior IT and business manager's responses from Sri Lanka reveals the strong and positive relationship in the hypothesized relationship. In contrary to the expectation, the turbulent environment's both hypotheses (H6a and H6b) failed to show a significant moderating effect. This study proposes the theoretical and practical implications by empirically testing the proposed model in the Sri Lankan context. This study adds to the existing literature and extends the managerial practice by focusing on the key constructs such as IT governance mechanism, ITDC, Turbulent environment, and firm performance
How do Different Types of Synesthesia Cluster Together? Implications for Causal Mechanisms
Authors: Ward Jamie , Simner Julia
Published: January 2022

It is unclear whether synesthesia is one condition or many, and this has implications for whether theories should postulate a single cause or multiple independent causes. Study 1 analyses data from a large sample of self-referred synesthetes ( N  =  2,925), who answered a questionnaire about N  =  164 potential types of synesthesia. Clustering and factor analysis methods identified around seven coherent groupings of synesthesia, as well as showing that some common types of synesthesia do not fall into any grouping at all (mirror-touch, hearing-motion, tickertape). There was a residual positive correlation between clusters (they tend to associate rather than compete). Moreover, we observed a “snowball effect” whereby the chances of having a given cluster of synesthesia go up in proportion to the number of other clusters a person has (again suggesting non-independence). Clusters tended to be distinguished by shared concurrent experiences rather than shared triggering stimuli (inducers). We speculate that modulatory feedback pathways from the concurrent to inducers may play a key role in the emergence of synesthesia. Study 2 assessed the external validity of these clusters by showing that they predict performance on other measures known to be linked to synesthesia.
Towards a national perioperative outcomes registry: A survey of perioperative electronic medical record utilisation to support quality assurance and research at Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Clinical Trials Network hospitals in Australia
Authors: Reilly Jennifer R , Deng Carolyn , Brown Wendy A , Brown Dianne , Gabbe Belinda J , Hodgson Carol L , Myles Paul S
Published: January 2022

In Australia, 2.7 million surgical procedures are performed annually. Historically, a lack of perioperative data standardisation and infrastructure has limited pooling of routinely collected data across institutions. We surveyed Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) Clinical Trials Network hospitals to investigate current and potential uses of perioperative electronic medical record data for research and quality assurance. A targeted survey was sent to 131 ANZCA Clinical Trials Network–affiliated hospitals in Australia. The primary aim was to map current electronic data collection methods and data utilisation in six domains of the perioperative pathway. The survey response rate was 32%. Electronic data recording in the six domains ranged from 19% to 85%. Where electronic data exist, the ability of anaesthesiology departments to export them for analysis ranged from 27% to 100%. The proportion of departments with access to data exports that are regularly exporting the data for quality assurance or research ranged from 13% to 58%. The existence of a perioperative electronic medical record does not automatically lead to the data being used to measure and improve clinical outcomes. The first barrier is clinician access to data exports. Even when this barrier is overcome, a large gap remains between the proportion of departments able to access data exports and those using the data regularly to inform and improve clinical practice. We believe this gap can be addressed by establishing a national perioperative outcomes registry to lead high-quality multicentre registry research and quality assurance in Australia.
Factors influencing the use of agricultural information by Vietnamese farmers
Authors: Hoang Hung Gia , Van Nguyen Duc , Drysdale Douglas
Published: January 2022

This study examined the factors affecting the use of agricultural information by Vietnamese cereal farmers. A sample size of 245 cereal farmers was selected and surveyed. The participants were classified into small, medium and large cereal farmers. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were applied to analyse the data. The results show that large farmers used information from preferred traders, extension workers, input suppliers, mobile phones and the Internet; smaller farmers employed information from cooperatives, the farmers’ union and television. Large farmers had more access to information on soil preparation, pest/weed control, harvesting, and market and input prices, while small farmers accessed information on inorganic fertilisers. The regression analysis shows that the characteristics of gender, farming experience, participation in training programmes and community-based organisations, access to the Internet and television, information obtained from preferred traders, the Commune Peoples’ Committee, extension workers, cooperatives, the farmers’ union and input suppliers significantly affected farmers’ use of agricultural information (χ2 = 140.784, p < .000).
Advancing Interorganizational Crime and Violence Reduction Goals Through a Relational Change Intervention
Authors: Gebo Erika , Bond Brenda J.
Published: January 2022

Effective interorganizational collaboration is deemed essential to comprehensive crime and violence initiatives but rarely is it empirically assessed. An 18-month intervention to improve collaboration Comprehensive Gang Model (CGM) locations was used in this study to examine the impact on increasing community capacity to address gangs and violence and reducing gang and violence in the community. Relational coordination theory grounded the collaboration intervention. Results from the quasi-experimental design showed significant, increased collaboration and reduction in violent crime in one intervention site. Other crime reduction efforts were explored as counterfactuals. Matched comparison sites saw no change in the ability to work together or violence reduction. Study implications are that relational coordination interventions may facilitate the goal of working better together, but parallel evaluations for each of the five core CGM strategies are needed to understand the independent effects of each strategy on gang and violence reduction goals.
Assemblage Thinking in Lockdown: An Autoethnographic Approach
Authors: Khan Salman
Published: January 2022

Over the past year, COVID-19 and the restrictions imposed in its wake have meant that a range of research methodologies involving social contact could no longer be pursued. Whilst this time has been challenging, this article aims to showcase how it nonetheless presents opportunities for methodological innovation that can be carried forward into the future. Drawing upon an autoethnographic dissertation that sought to conceptualize the researcher’s lived experience in Scotland’s lockdown as an assemblage that was situated within, and intersected with, the wider “lockdown cultural assemblage,” it proceeds chronologically from how the research began to inductively drawn findings on shifts to lived experience produced by the lockdown across five interrelated dimensions to lived experience: embodiment, spatiality, temporality, a changing vocabulary of sociality, and narratological environment and broader context. In recounting this journey, it demonstrates how assemblage theory can both benefit from, as well as transform, autoethnography as its primary methodological strategy.
Psychological measurement is highly questionable but the details remain controversial: A response to Tafreshi, Michell, and Trendler
Authors: Franz David J.
Published: January 2022

The profound and stimulating comments by Michell (2022), Tafreshi (2022), and Trendler (2022) push the measurement debate forward. Tafreshi provides arguments that are in line with my own position. While Michell is right in claiming that conceptualizations of psychological measurement are not necessarily Cartesian, I argue that the continuing influence of Cartesian thinking on conceptualizations of psychological measurement is evident in current definitions of psychological constructs. Moreover, I show that, contrary to Michell, it is meaningless to ask whether intelligence is quantitative. Michell and Trendler could counter this claim, but only at the cost of contradicting their stance that conceptual questions are not primary to the empirical questions surrounding psychological measurement. Beyond that, I contend that Trendler’s epistemological distinction of extensive versus intensive quantities does not compensate for the conceptual confusions inherent in his and Michell’s examples. Finally, I emphasize that all disputants agree that psychological measurement is a highly questionable idea.
The Impact of a Neurocritical Care and Neuropalliative Collaboration on Intensive Care Unit Outcomes
Authors: Shemme Andersen J. , Phillips Joel N. , Bloise Rafael , Koehler Tracy J. , Gorelick Philip B. , Francis Brandon A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Neurocritical care (NCC) and neuropalliative care (NPC) clinicians provide care in specialized intensive care units (ICU). There is a paucity of data regarding the impact of NCC and NPC collaboration in smaller, community-focused settings. Objective: To determine the clinical impact of introducing a NCC/NPC collaborative model in a mixed ICU community-based teaching hospital. Design: Retrospective pre/post cohort study. Subjects: Patients ≥18 years of age admitted to the ICU who received neurology and palliative care consultations between September 1, 2015 and August 31, 2017 at a 300 bed community-focused hospital were included. Intervention: The addition of a NCC/NPC collaborative model took place in September of 2016. The time periods before (9/1/2015 to 8/31/2016) and after (9/1/2016 to 8/31/2017) the addition were compared. Results: A total of 274 admissions (pre: 130, post: 144) were included. There were significantly more NCC consultations provided in the post-period (44.6% vs 57.6%; P = .03). NPC consultation increased (55.4% vs 66.7%; P = .056) Median LOS was significantly shorter after implementation of the collaborative model (11 vs 8 days; P = .01). Median ICU LOS was also shorter by 1 ICU-day in the post-period, though this was not statistically significant ( P = .23). Mortality rates were similar ( P = .95). Conclusions: Our findings suggest NCC/NPC collaboration in a community-focused teaching hospital was associated with more NCC consultations, as well as shorter LOS without increasing mortality. These data highlight the importance of supporting collaborative models of care in community settings. Further research is warranted.
Olanzapine/Samidorphan: New Drug Approved for Treating Bipolar I Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Monahan Christie , McCoy Lindsey , Powell Jason , Gums John G.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To describe the approval of olanzapine/samidorphan, compare the clinical trial data, and summarize key findings, with a focus on impact to clinical practice.

Data Sources

A literature search of PubMed was performed (March 2006 to November 2021) using the following search terms: Lybalvi, olanzapine/samidorphan, olanzapine, antipsychotic, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Product monographs, review articles, and randomized control trials were reviewed.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

Relevant English-language studies conducted in humans were considered. Primary use of Phase III clinical drug approval trials preferred; supplementary trial analysis evaluated to provide context.

Data Synthesis

In June 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Lybalvi® (olanzapine/samidorphan) for indications including treatment of adults with schizophrenia and/or bipolar I disorder (acute manic episodes or acute episodes with mixed features) through the multi-stage ENLIGHTEN clinical trials. Participants were enrolled in 4-week, 24-week, and 52-week studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of olanzapine/samidorphan. Subsequent secondary analysis evaluated metabolic effects.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

This review details the pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, associated dosing and indications, and adverse effects for the drug combination olanzapine/samidorphan. Better understanding of novel drug mechanisms will help to expand on the potential role and place for use in clinical practice.

Conclusion

When treating complex patients with schizophrenia, the olanzapine/samidorphan combination has limited effect on medication-induced weight gain often associated with antipsychotic olanzapine monotherapy. Additional studies are needed to further define the role of olanzapine/samidorphan in bipolar I disorder and clinical practice.
Opening the “Black Box”: Student-Generated Solutions to Improve Sexual Violence Response and Prevention Efforts for Undergraduates on College Campuses
Authors: Bloom Brittnie E. , Park Eunhee , Swendeman Dallas , Oaks Laury , Sumstine Stephanie , Amabile Claire , Carey Stoddy , Wagman Jennifer A.
Published: January 2022

Campus-based sexual violence and sexual harassment (SVSH) are prevalent issues that impact students detrimentally. Guided by community-based participatory research, this qualitative study assessed undergraduate students’ perceptions of available campus SVSH resources, gaps in services, and recommendations for solutions for SVSH at three universities in California via interviews and focus groups. Approximately half of participants were unaware of available SVSH services, while others had varying knowledge of service availability and experiences with services. Students want better-funded, trauma-informed, and survivor-centered services and providers who share their identities and lived experiences. We provide multi-level student-centered solutions to improve current campus-based SVSH prevention efforts.
New trends in intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for ROP
Authors: Beccasio Alfredo , Mignini Costanza , Caricato Anna , Iaccheri Barbara , Di Cara Giuseppe , Verrotti Alberto , Cagini Carlo
Published: January 2022

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) affects premature newborns, and it can cause childhood blindness and visual impairment if untreated. The understanding of the pathogenetic role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has led to development of therapeutic strategies such as intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs. We reported drug efficacy and ROP recurrence rates, extrapolated from the reviewed studies. Association of Pegabtanib and laser photocoagulation confers efficacy in the regression of ROP stage 3 plus in zone I / II in 89.7% of treated eyes, reducing the recurrence rate to 14.6% compared to 50% of laser therapy alone. Irrespective of the dose, Ranibizumab demonstrated average efficacy greater than 75% on regression of active disease with the highest rates of the dose of 0.1 mg (92.5%). The recurrence, on the other hand, is the highest among this new anti-VEGF agents and is around an average of 41.5%, which records the highest values in the case of Aggressive Posterior Rop (APROP). Aflibercept at a dose of 1 mg demonstrated average efficacy of about 81.9% of treated infants, analyzing significantly fewer studies than Ranibizumab. The recurrence rate stands at an average of 28.9%, especially in the later forms of ROP. Using a dose of 0.25 mg of Conbercept, the disease regression rate is currently on average 83%, with an average recurrence rate of 15.24%, the peak of which was observed in cases of ROP in zone I. Further studies are needed to prove safety at long term, because,at the moment, only short-term data are available.
Relationships between university instructors’ and preservice teachers’ content knowledge
Authors: Dervent Fatih , Kurucan Aykan , Devrilmez Erhan , Ward Phillip
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between instructors’ common content knowledge, knowledge of instructional tasks, and knowledge of student errors and preservice teachers’ common content knowledge and knowledge of instructional tasks in gymnastics, soccer, and volleyball. Participants were 23 university instructors and 819 preservice teachers enrolled in 9 physical education teacher education programs in Turkey. Common content knowledge and knowledge of student errors were measured using validated gymnastics, soccer, and volleyball knowledge tests. Knowledge of instructional tasks was measured by content maps and assessed using a specialized content knowledge index for each sport. A Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to measure the degree of relationships. There were significant positive relationships between instructors’ and preservice teachers’ common content knowledge levels of gymnastics ( r = 0.82, p < 0.01), soccer ( r = 0.94, p < 0.01), and volleyball ( r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and instructors’ knowledge of student errors and preservice teachers’ common content knowledge levels of gymnastics ( r = 0.87, p < 0.01), soccer ( r = 0.94, p < 0.01), and volleyball ( r = 0.93, p < 0.01). A significant positive relationship between instructors’ knowledge of student errors and preservice teachers’ gymnastics knowledge of instructional tasks was found ( r = 0.77, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between instructors’ and preservice teachers’ knowledge of instructional tasks. Physical education teacher education and professional development programs should focus on increasing instructors’ and preservice teachers’ knowledge of student errors and knowledge of instructional tasks.
Structural health monitoring on Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge: Implementation and demonstration
Authors: Zhu Ya-Fei , Ren Wei-Xin , Wang Ya-Fei
Published: January 2022

Long-span cable-supported bridge is one of crucial transportation infrastructures. Structural health monitoring (SHM) system that is used to assess structural service conditions and detect early damage has drawn a growing attention in engineering structural society. It provides a real-time monitoring of various structural changes under operational and extreme conditions. Yangluo Bridge over Yangtze River in Wuhan city of China is a 1280 m central span suspension bridge with an orthotropic steel box girder. Taking the SHM system of Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge as an example, this paper presents an implementation of SHM system on the bridge in terms of sensor layout, data acquisition strategy, data transmission, data processing, and abnormal alarm framework. With such an SHM system, the typical monitoring results are demonstrated such as operational environments, loadings, structural deformation, strains, dynamic properties, and structural responses. The SHM system of Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge is continuously gathering data and monitoring structural behavior. It is anticipated that it will provide either scientific or technological supports to the service comfort and safety of the bridge.
Energy and the ethnography of everyday life: A methodology for a world that matters
Authors: Gobbo Alice Dal
Published: January 2022

Ecological sustainability is identified as one of the greatest challenges of the present, which the social sciences are called to engage with. The radical nature of the crisis requires researchers to question, update, and experiment with methods, approaches, and tools. The aim is to better grasp the phenomena under study, but also and foremost to produce forms of knowledge that are capable of productively reshaping socio-ecological relations. In this article, I focus on the ethnographic study of everyday energy transitions. Critically building on the ‘ontological turn’, I address this concrete level of experience in its complexity: how symbolic constructions become intertwined with bodily and material processes; the interrelation between micro- and macro-level of organisation; the non-discursive, affective, dimensions of energy assemblages. Multisensory, multimodal, and multimedia engagement might re-position the researcher not only in the field of inquiry but also generally in the process of talking with everyday life and its ecologies.
Deep learning enhanced principal component analysis for structural health monitoring
Authors: Fernandez-Navamuel Ana , Magalhães Filipe , Zamora-Sánchez Diego , Omella Ángel J , Garcia-Sanchez David , Pardo David
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a Deep Learning Enhanced Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach for outlier detection to assess the structural condition of bridges. We employ partially explainable autoencoder architecture to replicate and enhance the data compression and reconstruction ability of PCA. The particularity of the method lies in the addition of residual connections to account for nonlinearities. We apply the proposed method to monitoring data obtained from two bridges under real operation conditions and compare the results before and after adding the residual connections. Results show that the addition of residual connections enhances the outlier detection ability of the network, allowing to detect lighter damages.