bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of silicon on the structure and properties of hot-dip aluminium-based coatings
Authors: Zinchuk Andrii , Moraczyński Oskar , Kucharska Barbara
Published: August 2019

The continuous increase in demand for aluminum coatings for the automotive industry is associated with the need to improve their quality in terms of protective and mechanical properties. The aluminum coatings produced hot-dip, on the border with the steel substrate formed intermediate phases FeAl3, and Fe2Al5, which reduce the corrosion resistance and limit the possibility of forming
a coated article. The paper determines the effect of the addition of 7% Si to an aluminum coating (690°C/60 s) on the microstructure thickness and type of intermediate phases as well as hardness and surface features. It has been shown that the addition of Si results in a 40 % increase in the hardness of the coating and reduce the surface roughness. In addition, is limited interdiffusion of Al and Fe, as a result of which an intermetallic phase layer is formed, Al7-9Fe2Si enriched phase, 4 times thinner than a coating without the addition of Si, while maintaining the thickness of the outer coating layer.
THE EFFECTS OF TAKING OVER THE CONTENT OF ART. 24F PAR. 2 OF THE ACT ON COMMUNAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors: Gurdek Magdalena
Published: August 2019

The mayor, in the field of broadly understood business activities, has been subject to restrictions for years established by the Act of August 21, 1997 on limiting the conduct of business activity by persons performing public functions. According to art. 4 point 1 and 2 of this Act, he can not be a member of management, control or audit authorities in any commercial law companies and be employed or perform other activities in companies of this type that could raise suspicion of his bias or interest. Analogous restrictions of councilors were regulated by the act on communal self-government. These, in accordance with art. 24f par. 2 of this Act can not be members of the management or control and audit authorities, or plenipotentiaries of commercial companies, but only those with the participation of municipal legal persons or entrepreneurs in which such persons participate. Unfortunately, despite the existing limitations, the legislator of 11 January 2018 amending certain acts in order to increase the participation of citizens in the process of selecting, operating and controlling certain public bodies, amended Art. 24f par. 2 of the Act on municipal self-government and it also included commune heads. This resulted in the moment when the new term of the local self-government bodies (2018-2023) started 24f par. 2 has also been applied to the commune head. Against this background, a fundamental question arises about the relation of this provision to art. 4 point 1 and 2 of the Anti-Corruption Act, to which the Author in this report - after making a detailed, thorough analysis of the problem - tries to answer.
MECHANISM OF VALORISATION IN A DEFINED CONTRIBUTION SCHEME
Authors: Szlachta-Kisiel Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

In this dissertation, the mechanism of the valorisation of initial capital, contributions registered on an individual account of the insured person, and also sums registered on a sub-account in the Social Insurance Institution, is presented. Upon the basis of the relevant legal regulations, the authoress makes readers more acquainted with the mechanism referred to hereinabove, simultaneously paying attention to the problems with interpretation which are observed in the course of the application of the said legal regulations, in particular, regarding the deadline of valorisation and the related expectations of the insured persons
GREENLAND INDEPENDENCE – A VOICE IN THE DISCUSSION
Authors: Rozmus Dariusz
Published: August 2019

The pursuit of independence is deeply rooted in the soul of the inhabitants of Greenland. The difference in the approach to this problem amounts to the establishment of the time and the conditions on the basis of which Greenland is supposed to become independent. The island, which is the greatest island in the world, has huge deposits of minerals, including metals of rare-earth metals and uranium. On the one hand, complete independence may be an opportunity for the development for the inhabitants but on the other hand, independence may also become a source of numerous dangers. Is Greenland, a country with a slight native population, able to cope – in terms of organisation and the available staff – with the expansion of foreign capital, including the great numbers of foreign workers who are engaged in the development of industrial infrastructure? Is it not better to continue the status quo – a relationship (even a loose one) with Denmark, and thus a relationship with the European Union? A close relationship with the EU and the NATO may, in the future, be consistent with the interests of Greenlanders. In the remote and in the most recent past, Greenland was colonised by the peoples of the Far North (paleo-Eskimo and Eskimo peoples) and Scandinavians. Both Scandinavians – in the early Middle Ages – and subsequently the Inuit populated abandoned lands, lands which belonged to no one. To put it explicitly, no one stole land from anyone. Therefore it is important that in the discussion about the problem of independence which continues between Greenlanders and Danes one should not place historical problems as questions which render dialogue difficult.
The Mind of the Spirit in the Resurrected Human
Authors: Turner James T. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2019

The Scriptures suggest that Christians are to grow up into the “mind of Christ” or, as Craig Keener calls it, the “mind of the Spirit.” While there have been a few recent works that discuss how mental sharing between the human person and the divine person(s) might contribute to sanctification (for example, Alston), there are not any that discuss a mereological account of how the mental union works with reference to the bodily resurrection. Since I understand the human’s eschatological union with the divine to be the occasion of theosis, I offer in this paper a metaphysical model of at least one aspect of theosis: a part/whole relationship between the mind of a human and the mind of the Spirit, with reference to the eschatological bodily resurrection. I call the union “mental saturation.”
Guidelines on the selection of general collection materials for transfer to special collections
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Guidelines on the selection of general collection materials for transfer to special collection
Standards for university libraries: Evaluation of performance (draft)
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Standards for university libraries: Evaluation of performance (draft)
Innovations: Humor and creativity: MLS envy
Authors: Bennett J. C.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Humor and creativity: MLS envy
Innovations: Using Innovacq to create a subject guide to periodical indexes
Authors: Ferguson Margaret S. , Brundage Christina A.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Using Innovacq to create a subject guide to periodical indexes
Innovations: The academic reference librarian: Serving graduates in their job search
Authors: Windsor Laura
Published: August 2019

Innovations: The academic reference librarian: Serving graduates in their job search
Virtuell gemenskap: Ett informationsvetenskapeligt perspektiv på ungdomars cyberkultur
Authors: Pors Niels Ole
Published: August 2019

ANMELDELSE:Södergård, Pia (2007) Virtuell gemenskap: Ett informationsvetenskapeligt perspektiv på ungdomars cyberkultur. Åbo. Åbo Akademis Förlag. 220 sider plus bilag. ISBN 978 951 765 382 4.
Kolofon
Authors: Høyrup Helene
Published: August 2019

5. årgang, nr. 1, udgivet januar 2010 ISSN 1604-7869 ISSN (online) 1901-1040 Tema: Hvad er et folkebibliotek? Udfordringer, tendenser og perspektiver © Forfatterne og Danmarks Biblioteksskole. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og Danmarks Biblioteksskoles tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan. Redaktion: Helene Høyrup (ansvh.) Jette Hyldegård Laura Skouvig Marianne Lykke Nielsen Redaktør af dette nummer: Laura Skouvig Layout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer: Bruno Kjær og Niels Fabæks fotoserie "Reolen i landskabet"
Kolofon
Authors: Høyrup Helene
Published: August 2019

5. årgang, nr. 2/3, udgivet februar 2010 ISSN 1604-7869 ISSN (online) 1901-1040 Tema: Visioner for forskningsbibliotekernes fremtid © Forfatterne og Danmarks Biblioteksskole. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og Danmarks Biblioteksskoles tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan. Redaktion: Helene Høyrup (ansvh.) Jette Hyldegård Trine Schreiber Marianne Lykke Nielsen Redaktør af dette nummer: Birger Hjørland & Helene Høyrup Layout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer: Niels Fabæks. Fra fotoserie "Træets kaligrafi"
"Modkulturens" nødvendighed
Authors: Skøtt Bo
Published: August 2019

Dansk Biblioteksforskning årg. 6, nr. 1, 2010 31 Af Bo Skøtt Abstract Med udgangspunkt i et ph.d. projekt på Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi (tidligere Danmarks Biblioteksskole) indleder jeg denne artikel med en præsentation af to forskellige synsvinkler på fænomenet ”modkultur”, der baseres på et snævert henholdsvis bredt kulturbegreb. Diskussionen mellem disse to opfattelser af ”modkultur” knytter jeg an til mit projekts ophav i biblioteks- og informationsvidenskaben, til en definition af kulturbegrebet og til de studier af bevidsthedsformer, jeg har gennemført. Dette fører frem til en diskussion af selve begrebet ”modkulter”, begrebets implicitte antagelser, samt eksplicitte konsekvenser. Jeg plæderer undervejs for nødvendigheden af, at anlægge et kulturanalytisk perspektiv, idet folkelige fællesskaber antages at være alt for komplekse til, at umiddelbare studier af dem kan være adækvate. Blandt andet stiller jeg spørgsmålstegn ved, hvorvidt den forklarende beskrivelse som anvendelsen af et snævert kulturbegreb medfører, kan anvendes i bestræbelserne på at fortolke og forstå ”modkulturel” aktivisme. Artiklen afsluttes med at udbygge relationen og interessefællesskabet mellem på den ene side de folkelige kulturinstitutioners aktivisme og folkebibliotekernes kulturformidling på den anden og med at argumentere for anvendelsen af betegnelsen ”sociokulturelle fællesskaber” i stedet for ”modkulturer” om folkelige fællesskaber.
Evidensbevægelsens institutionalisering og arbejdsformer
Authors: Hansen Hanne Foss , Rieper Olaf
Published: August 2019

Evidensbevægelsen producerer en ny type viden i form af systematiske forskningsoversigter. Artiklen sætter fokus på den institutionaliserede del af evidensbevægelsen, der beskæftiger sig med at producere systematiske forskningsoversigter med særligt henblik på det sundheds- og socialpolitiske område. I denne artikel vil vi adressere spørgsmålene: Hvad er evidensbevægelsens adelsmærke? Hvordan kom den ind i de skandinaviske lande? Er der tale om simpel kopiering fra det medicinske område med en smal selektion af primære studier som grundlag for forskningsoversigter, eller er sagen mere indviklet?
Kunnskapsbasert praksis i norske fagbibliotek
Authors: Nordheim Lena Victoria
Published: August 2019

Artiklen præsenterer arbejdet med kunnskapsbasert praksis (KBP) (et særligt norsk begreb, der er en oversættelse af evidence-based practice, EBP) i norske forskningsbiblioteker med særligt fokus på sundhedssektorens biblioteker. Artiklen opererer med en bred definition af KBP, hvor kundskaben hidrører fra tre kilder: professionen, brugerne og forskningen. Det understreges i artiklen, at arbejdet med KBP er todelt: rettet mod forskningsbibliotekernes brugere og mod bibliotekernes egen praksis. Artiklen præsenterer forskellige aktiviteter i forskningsbiblioteker relateret til KBP: kurser i bl.a. statistisk metode, seminarer, en særlig, akkrediteret KBP videreuddannelse, læsegrupper og besøg af internationale evidenskapaciteter. Artiklen kommer også ind på kvaliteten af den bibliotekariske evidensbase og på mulighederne for at producere systematiske reviews for bibliotekfeltet. Endelig understreges betydningen af netværksdannelse og bibliotekarprofessionens centrale rolle både med hensyn til både at konsumere og generere forskning.
Statistical context dictates the relationship between feedback-related EEG signals and learning
Authors: Nassar Matthew R , Bruckner Rasmus , Frank Michael J
Published: August 2019

Learning should be adjusted according to the surprise associated with observed outcomes but calibrated according to statistical context. For example, when occasional changepoints are expected, surprising outcomes should be weighted heavily to speed learning. In contrast, when uninformative outliers are expected to occur occasionally, surprising outcomes should be less influential. Here we dissociate surprising outcomes from the degree to which they demand learning using a predictive inference task and computational modeling. We show that the P300, a stimulus-locked electrophysiological response previously associated with adjustments in learning behavior, does so conditionally on the source of surprise. Larger P300 signals predicted greater learning in a changing context, but less learning in a context where surprise was indicative of a one-off outlier (oddball). Our results suggest that the P300 provides a surprise signal that is interpreted by downstream learning processes differentially according to statistical context in order to appropriately calibrate learning across complex environments.
Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Nash Craig A , Wei Wenhui , Irannejad Roshanak , Smrcka Alan V
Published: August 2019

Increased adrenergic tone resulting from cardiovascular stress leads to development of heart failure, in part, through chronic stimulation of β1 adrenergic receptors (βARs) on cardiac myocytes. Blocking these receptors is part of the basis for β-blocker therapy for heart failure. Recent data demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including βARs, are activated intracellularly, although the biological significance is unclear. Here we investigated the functional role of Golgi βARs in rat cardiac myocytes and found they activate Golgi localized, prohypertrophic, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, that is not accessed by cell surface βAR stimulation. This pathway is accessed by the physiological neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) via an Oct3 organic cation transporter. Blockade of Oct3 or specific blockade of Golgi resident β1ARs prevents NE dependent cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. This clearly defines a pathway activated by internal GPCRs in a biologically relevant cell type and has implications for development of more efficacious β-blocker therapies.
Inovação e Aprendizagem de Empreendedores no Setor de Turismo: Análise Comparativa de Casos de Empresas de Pequeno e Médio Porte na cidade de Aracaju-Sergipe
Authors: Sacramento Patrícia Melo , Teixeira Rivanda Meira
Published: August 2019

O processo de aprendizagem empreendedora é evidente na introdução de inovações em pequenas empresas turísticas. No entanto, apesar do consenso que a aprendizagem é uma condição essencial para gerar inovações, poucos estudos exploram o relacionamento entre os dois temas. Este estudo buscou analisar como os empreendedores de empresa turísticas de pequeno e médio porte da cidade de Aracaju aprendem a inovar e quais os tipos de inovação adotados nessas empresas. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi construído um modelo conceitual baseado em tipologia de inovação, no conceito de aprendizagem interorganizacional e nas tipologias e dimensões dos modelos de aprendizagem. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi a de estudo de casos múltiplos e foram analisados oito casos de hotéis/pousadas e agências de viagens de pequeno e médio porte localizados na cidade de Aracaju. Entrevistas foram realizadas com os empreendedores por meio de roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturado. Os casos foram analisados individualmente e posteriormente foi realizada a análise comparativa. Verificou-se que os empreendedores passam por um processo contínuo de aprendizagem para inovar, e este aprendizado ocorre tanto individualmente, como a partir dos relacionamentos estabelecidos com outros indivíduos (aprendizagem grupal) ou instituições (aprendizado interorganizacional).
Effect of Provenance Variations on the Growth and Development of Terminalia ivorensis (A Chev)
Authors: Ojo M. O. , Ezekiel Ajayi
Published: August 2019

Indigenous tree species like Terminalia ivorensis has multiple uses; from timber products to medicinal condiments for treating different ailments. This species is self-incompatible. Thus, habitat protection is a key to its survival and sustenance. This study evaluated the effect of provenance variations on the growth and development of T. ivorensis. Three provenances of T. ivorensis were selected; FRIN Arboretum, Onigambari Forest Reserve and J1 Forest Reserve. Thirty (30) seedlings of T. ivorensis were selected and marked at each provenance for assessment of growth parameters for a period of twelve weeks. The growth parameters included: seedling height, collar diameter, leaf count and leaf area. Also, soil samples were collected from each provenance to test for nutrient composition. Results showed that J1 Forest Reserve had best performance across the growth parameters assessed with 10.4 cm plant height, 2.02 mm collar diameter, 11 leaves count and 20.5 cm2 leaf area respectively. This growth parameter result differs significantly from the other two provenances. This was also attributed to the nutrient offered by J1 Forest Reserve with 1.18% and 2.20% of organic carbon and organic matter in the soil respectively. Also, the available phosphorus which is involved in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transfer, cell division and enlargement as well as promotion of root formation was about 15.7 mg/kg in the soil and is considered high because it is higher than the critical level of 8.50mg/kg. J1 Forest Reserve is recommended as the best provenance for raising T. ivorensis amongst assessed natural habitats.
Evaluation of the Levels of Heavy Metals, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon and Total Hydrocarbon Content in Tympanotomus fuscatus and Sediment, Qua Iboe River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: E. Ikpe Edidiong , O. Ekwere Ifiok , G. Ukpong Etiowo , O. Effiong James , E. Okon Okon
Published: August 2019

This study assesses the levels of heavy metals and  hydrocarbons in Tympanotomus fuscatus and the sediments of Qua Iboe River, Akwa Ibom State; the interest in the study area was due to the several industrial and oil exploration activities in the area. The heavy metals (HM) of interest were Pb, Cd, Cu, Se, Zn, As, Cr, Fe, Ni and Hg, determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy while Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) were determined by the GC-FID method. Results obtained indicated that the heavy metal concentration in Tympanotomus fuscatus ranged as follows:  Pb (1.037 – 2.002 mg/kg), Cd (0.00 – 0.088 mg/kg), Cu (0.0037 – 10.01 mg/kg), Se (2.364 – 5.063 mg/kg), Zn (0.025 – 1.393 mg/kg), As (0.0113 – 0.355 mg/kg), Cr (1.075 – 3.055 mg/kg), Fe (2.384 – 10.022), Ni (0.045 – 1.223 mg/kg), Hg (0.037 – 1.003 mg/kg) while heavy metal concentration in sediments were: Pb (1.399 – 2.345 mg/kg), Cd (0.0267– 0.222 mg/kg), Cu (0.017 – 10.0197 mg/kg), Se (1.388 – 3.369 mg/kg), Zn (5.688 – 8.038 mg/kg), As (0.003 – 0.0317 mg/kg), Cr (0.0157 – 2.057 mg/kg), Fe (27.351 – 86.686), Ni (0.017 – 5.0413 mg/kg), Hg (0.06 – 1.53 mg/kg); generally, heavy metals levels were higher in dry season than in wet season. The levels of TPH ranged from 160.86 – 1081.52 mg/kg in Tympanotomus fuscatus and 175.97 – 3143.91 mg/kg in sediments; meanwhile, the concentration of TPH ranged from 728.47 – 2442.04 mg/kg in Tympanotomus fuscatus and 492.41 – 7186.25 mg/kg in sediments. Multiple correlation coefficient matrixes were carried out to ascertain the relationship between the pollutants concentration in the biota and sediments. Furthermore, predictive modeling of pollutant concentration in flesh and shell of Tympanotomus fuscatus was estimated. The results indicate that the amounts of HM, TPH and THC in some of the study sites were above the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and FMEnv; thus, pose health risk to humans.
Use of Tedizolid for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia – An off Labelled Indication
Authors: Loo L. W. , Kwa Andrea L. , Low Jenny G. , Chien Jaime
Published: August 2019

Aims: We aim to share our experience in the successful use of tedizolid for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in two of our patients.

Presentation of Cases: Our first patient had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. The MRSA isolated was sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin (MIC=2), resistant to daptomycin (MIC=2). In view of the documented drug allergy to ceftriaxone and drug interaction with daptomycin, the patient was initially initiated on intravenous vancomycin but developed a breakthrough fever with rising inflammatory markers. However, upon initiation of tedizolid, fever lysed and the patient improved clinically.

Our second patient has end–stage renal failure on hemodialysis. The patient has methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) catheter-related bloodstream infection. The MSSA isolated was sensitive to vancomycin (MIC=2) and ceftaroline (MIC=0.50), but resistant to daptomycin (MIC=2). Vancomycin was initiated in view of documented drug allergy to ceftriaxone but repeated blood cultures showed the persistence of MSSA. Antibiotics were switched to linezolid for 3 days before switching to tedizolid due to previous neutropenia with linezolid. Blood cultures had documented clearance with tedizolid.

Discussion and Conclusion: In both our patients, tedizolid was introduced after a few days of vancomycin therapy. Hence, the efficacy of tedizolid as the first-line therapy for the treatment of staphylococcus bacteremia remains unknown. Nevertheless, in both patients, there was no relapse of staphylococcus bacteremia when tedizolid was used to complete the antibiotic therapy. The optimal treatment duration of staphylococcus bacteremia with tedizolid also remains unknown.
Comparison of Blood Pressure Measurement with Two Digital Sphygmomanometers
Authors: Triunfo-Méndez Yamile Ariadna , Padilla-Raygoza Nicolas , Beltrán-Campos Vicente , Sandoval-Salazar Cuauhtémoc , Benítez-Guerrero Verónica , Arteaga-Herrera Xiomara
Published: August 2019

Aims: Identify the correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurement with digital arm and wrist baumanometers in young adults aged 18 to 40 at the Public University of Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.

Study Design: Observational, analytical, quantitative, correlational, diagnostics.

Place of Study: Public University of Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.

Methodology: We included 397 participants of an age range between 18 and 40 years; which 287 were women and 110 were men; with an average weight of 65.28 ± 15.08, and of stature 1.63 ± 0.09. Two types of digital, wrist and arm baumanometers were used to measure the systolic and diastolic blood pressure to observe the effectiveness of the values recorded during the measurement.

Results: The correlation between the 3 measurements of the systolic blood pressure was repeated in the first and third measurements (r = 0.46) and varied in the second (r = 0.39), in all three the value recorded by the highest arm baumanometer was found. In the 3 measurements of the diastolic blood pressure the correlation varied (r = 0.54, r = 0.50, r = 0.59); registering the highest value in the measurement with the arm baumanometer.

Conclusion: The correlation between the measurements with the baumanometers was not perfect, however it was good, it was considered that the measurement of blood pressure with the wrist baumanometer should be done with the wrist at the level of the heart; as well as movements of arm, hand or fingers will alter the result.
Pattern and Prevalence of Color Vision Disorders amongst Secondary School Students in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: N. Aprioku Ibifubara , A. Awoyesuku Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Aims: To determine the prevalence and pattern of color vision disorders (CVD) amongst secondary school students in Rivers State.

Study Design: A community based descriptive cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from the 20th of January to the 30th of April 2014.

Methodology: A community based descriptive cross sectional study where study subjects were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique with inclusion criteria of consenting students with visual acuity >6/24. Ethical clearance for test was obtained from institution. Socio-demographic data obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire. A comprehensive ocular examination was done and color vision assessed using the Ishihara 24 plate 2009 edition and the Farnsworth Munsell D 15 test for those who failed the Ishihara test. The prevalence of color vision disorder was determined by those that failed the Ishihara test.

Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean and standard deviations were determined for age. The age groups gender, other demographic distribution of the subjects amongst other was presented using frequency tables and charts.

Statistical significance was put at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: 1000 students were studied which consisted of four hundred and ninety five males (n=495; 49.4%) and five hundred and six females (n=506; 50.6%), with a male female ratio of 1:1.02. Mean age of subjects was 14.3±1.8 years with an age range of 9-20 years. The prevalence of color vision disorders was 2.8% (p-value 0.000) and was higher in males (2.1%) than females (0.7%) (P-value 0.000). Deutan defects were the most predominant (1.8%) compared to protan defects (0.4%) and tritan defects (0.2%).

Conclusion: The study showed a prevalence of color vision disorders of 2.8% with male preponderance among secondary school students. Deutan color vision defects were most prevalent.
Magnetoplasmonics
Authors: Belotelov Vladimir I. , Kalish Andrey N. , Zvezdin Anatoly K.
Published: August 2019

Plasmonics has been attracting considerable interest as it allows localization of light at nanoscale dimensions. A breakthrough in integrated nanophotonics can be obtained by fabricating plasmonic functional materials. In particular, magneto‐optical materials are appealing as they may provide ultrafast control of laser light and surface plasmons via an external magnetic field. In this article, we demonstrate that it provides a significant enhancement of magneto‐optical effects as proved by increase in the intensity and polarization rotation effects by several orders of magnitude. Plasmonic structures can be operated in transmission, so that it may be implemented in devices for telecommunication, plasmonic circuitry, magnetic field sensing, and all‐optical magnetic data storage.
GaN‐On‐Si Epitaxy
Authors: Dadgar Armin
Published: August 2019

The wide‐bandgap semiconductor GaN is the enabler for light emitters in the visible to UV spectrum and for energy‐efficient high‐frequency and high‐power electronics. Due to the lack of GaN homosubstrates, GaN is mostly grown on heterosubstrates as sapphire, Si, or SiC by molecular beam epitaxy or in industry by metalorganic chemical vapor‐phase epitaxy. With Si being a low‐cost substrate available in large diameters, low‐cost mass production of GaN devices, especially of GaN electronics, is favorable on silicon. This article summarizes the advantages and difficulties of GaN growth on silicon in general and briefly describes the application for LED and transistor device fabrication.
Theoretical Study of Ternary CoSP Semiconductor: A Candidate for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Houari Abdesalem , Benissad Fares
Published: August 2019

The electronic structure of pyrite‐type cobalt phosphosulfide (CoSP) is studied using density‐functional theory. The calculated band structure reveals the non‐magnetic semiconducting character of the compound. The electronic structure is described using the electronic band structure and the densities of states. A band gap of 1.14 eV is computed within standard GGA, a value which is enhanced using hybrid functional. It separates the upper part of the valence band dominated by Co‐3d‐t2g states from the lower part of the conduction band made exclusively of Co‐3d‐eg, above of which lie S‐3p and P‐3p ones. The obtained values are suitable for applications in solar cells, according to Shockley–Queisser theory of light‐to‐electric conversion efficiency. The origin of the larger CoSP band gap, with respect to the one of the promising FeS2 compound, is explained and the chemical bonding properties are addressed. A comparative picture is established where several similarities are found, suggesting that CoSP could be of great practical interest in photovoltaics.
Interfacial Engineering of SeO Ligands on Tellurium Featuring Synergistic Functionalities of Bond Activation and Chemical States Buffering toward Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrogen to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Gong , Xu Hang , Li Yang , Xiang Chao , Ji Qinghua , Liu Huijuan , Qu Jiuhui , Li Jinghong
Published: August 2019

Ammonia (NH3) production from electrochemical nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions represents a sustainable alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process. However, the conventional electrocatalytic NRR process often suffers from low selectivity (competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) and electron transfer bottleneck for efficient activation and dissociation. Herein, a strategy to simultaneously promote selectivity and activity through dual‐incorporation of Se and O elements onto the shell of HER‐inactive Te nanorods is reported. It is theoretically and experimentally verified that the exposure of lone‐pair electrons in the TeO2 shell of Se, O dual‐doped Te nanorods can maximize orbits overlap between N2 and Te for N‐N bond activation via π‐backdonation interactions. Further, the Gibbs free energy change indicates that the Lewis‐basic anchor ‐SeO ligand with strong electron‐donating characteristics serves as an electron reservoir and is capable of buffering the oxidation state variation of Te, thereby improving the thermodynamics of desorption of the intermediates in the N2‐to‐NH3 conversion process. As expected, a high faradaic efficiency of 24.56% and NH3 yield rate of ≈21.54 µg h−1 mg−1 are obtained under a low overpotential of ≈0.30 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in an aqueous electrolyte under ambient conditions.
Optimizing Lectures From a Cognitive Load Perspective
Authors: Jordan Jaime , Wagner Jason , Manthey David E. , Wolff Meg , Santen Sally , Cico Stephen J.
Published: August 2019

Lectures are a common instructional method in medical education. Understanding the cognitive processes and theories involved in learning is essential for lecturers to be effective. Cognitive load theory is one theory that is becoming increasingly recognized in medical education and addresses the appropriate use of one's working memory. Memory is essential to knowledge acquisition. Two types of memory can be considered, working memory (processing of information) and long‐term memory (storage of information). Working memory has a limited capacity. Cognitive load refers to the amount of information processing activity imposed on working memory and can be divided into three domains: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. By attending to cognitive load, educators can promote learning. This paper highlights various ways of improving cognitive load for learners during lecture‐based instruction by minimizing extraneous load, optimizing intrinsic load, and promoting germane load.
Are rhinoviruses implicated in the pathogenesis of sinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations? A comprehensive review
Authors: Basharat Usmaan , Aiche Mazen M. , Kim Marianne M. , Sohal Maheep , Chang Eugene H.
Published: August 2019

Background

Rhinovirus (RV) infections are the most common cause of viral upper respiratory infections (URIs), and in the majority of persons they are self‐limiting. However, in others, viral URIs can progress to bacterial sinusitis and induce chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) exacerbations.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) review through April 2018 based on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science–Science Citation Index (SCI), and Conference Proceedings Citation Index‐ Science (CPCI‐S) using keywords: RV, respiratory virus, sinusitis, and airway epithelial cells. The goal of this systematic review was to: (1) determine the prevalence between RV and CRS, (2) study the changes that occur after experimental RV inoculation, (3) investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which RV induces sinonasal inflammation, and (4) explore the treatment options available for RV‐associated sinusitis. Data regarding study design, research question, intervention, subjects, outcomes, and biases was extracted.

Results

The initial search yielded 2395 unique abstracts, of which 614 were selected for full‐text review; 147 were included in the final review. We determined that (1) the prevalence of RV infections is increased in those with CRS, (2) humans challenged in vivo with RV secrete local inflammatory mediators with radiographic mucosal thickening, (3) RV species RV‐A and RV‐C challenges in vitro to sinonasal epithelia produce robust cytokine responses and differential gene changes, and (4) no current therapies have produced consistent and significant resolution of disease.

Conclusion

RV infections are common in persons with CRS, and incite inflammatory reactions that may result in CRS exacerbations and progression of disease. Further studies assessing RV species, and the host‐virome response are required to develop new strategies targeting RV‐induced CRS.
Effectiveness of the hemoglobin index for screening of subarachnoid hemorrhage in out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest patients: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Mori Nobuto , Hirose Tomoya , Shiozaki Tadahiko , Ogawa Yoshihito , Takegawa Ryosuke , Tachino Jotaro , Sakai Tomohiko , Ohnishi Mitsuo , Shimazu Takeshi
Published: August 2019

Aim

The hemoglobin index (HbI) represents the amount of hemoglobin, which reflects regional tissue blood volume. The HbI is calculated in real time by a regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) monitor. For the hypothesis of our HbI project, we theorized that HbI could be a new method for the screening of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in overcrowded emergency departments. As a first step, this study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of HbI in screening SAH in out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) patients using the rSO2 data of our previous studies.

Methods

In this single‐center, retrospective, observational study, we examined HbI in patients with OHCA transferred to the Trauma and Acute Critical Care Center at Osaka University Hospital (Osaka, Japan) during the period between April 2013 and December 2015. A sensor attached to the patient's forehead monitored HbI continuously.

Results

Among 63 patients (40 men and 23 women; mean age, 76 [interquartile range (IQR), 66–85] years) with OHCA, five were diagnosed as having SAH (SAH group) and 58 were not (non‐SAH group). The HbI values were significantly higher in the SAH group than in the non‐SAH group (1.35 [IQR: 0.80–2.69] versus 0.41 [IQR: 0.32–0.61]), P = 0.0042). In the SAH group, with an HbI cut‐off value of 1.18, the specificity and sensitivity were 96% and 80%, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of HbI was 0.89.

Conclusions

The HbI might be useful for the screening of SAH in patients with OHCA. The application of HbI in the emergency department could be expected in the future.
Tuning the Chemistry of Organonitrogen Compounds for Promoting All‐Organic Anionic Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Jouhara Alia , Quarez Eric , Dolhem Franck , Armand Michel , Dupré Nicolas , Poizot Philippe
Published: August 2019

The ever‐increasing demand for rechargeable batteries induces significant pressure on the worldwide metal supply, depleting resources and increasing costs and environmental concerns. In this context, developing the chemistry of anion‐inserting electrode organic materials could promote the fabrication of molecular (metal‐free) rechargeable batteries. However, few examples have been reported because little effort has been made to develop such anionic‐ion batteries. Here we show the design of two anionic host electrode materials based on the N‐substituted salts of azaaromatics (zwitterions). A combination of NMR, EDS, FTIR spectroscopies coupled with thermal analyses and single‐crystal XRD allowed a thorough structural and chemical characterization of the compounds. Thanks to a reversible electrochemical activity located at an average potential of 2.2 V vs. Li+/Li, the coupling with dilithium 2,5‐(dianilino)terephthalate (Li2DAnT) as the positive electrode enabled the fabrication of the first all‐organic anionic rechargeable batteries based on crystallized host electrode materials capable of delivering a specific capacity of ≈27 mAh/gelectrodes with a stable cycling over dozens of cycles (≈24 Wh/kgelectrodes).
Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaves aqueous extract mediated synthesis of zinc nanoparticles and their antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and cutaneous wound healing properties under in vitro and in vivo conditions
Authors: Mahdavi Behnam , Saneei Sania , Qorbani Maryam , Zhaleh Mohsen , Zangeneh Akram , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Pirabbasi Elham , Abbasi Naser , Ghaneialvar Hori
Published: August 2019

LamZiziphora clinopodioides Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant medicine is under exploration is due to wide biomedica applications and research interest in nanotechnology, the recent study was assessing green synthesis of zinc nanoparticle using ), the use of plant material Ziziphoraleaves extract (ZnNPs@ not only makes the process eco‐friendly but also the abundance makes it more economical. Also, in this study, Vis. and– were characterized using different techniques including UVZiziphora were synthesized in aqueous medium using the plant extract as stabilizing and reducing agents. The synthesized ZnNPs@Ziziphora conditions. ZnNPs@in vivo and in vitro under Ziziphorawe investigated the therapeutical properties of ZnNPs@ FT‐IR spectroscopy, . SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology in size of 32.34 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectrometry (EDS), and‐X Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium part of this study, these nanoparticles indicated excellent antibacterial properties against Gram‐negative bacteria (in vitronm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. In the biological , andCandida krusei, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata), antifungal potentials against Bacillus subtilis, andStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniaO157:H7) and Gram‐positive bacteria ( leaves aqueous extract can be used to yield zinc nanoparticles with a significant amount of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cutaneous wound healing properties without any cytotoxicity.Z. clinopodioides ointment ameliorated the cutaneous wounds with increasing the levels of wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and decreeing the wound area, total cells, and lymphocyte compared to other groups in rats. The results of UV, FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, EDS, and TGA confirm that the Ziziphora part of our experiment, ZnNPs@in vivo, non‐cytotoxicity effect against human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and antioxidant activity against DPPH. In the biological Candida guilliermondii
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Ruirui , Wu Xiaodong , Hu Wenjie , Zhao Li , Zhao Shoucai , Zhang Ji , Chu Zhaohu , Xu Yang
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be a marker associated with inflammation and is independently associated with the adverse clinical outcomes of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a serious complication of ischemic cerebral infarction and can be intensified by therapeutic interventions for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of our research was to explore the predictive effect of NLR for HT in patients with AIS and to determine the best predictive value.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched. The primary endpoint was HT, and subgroup analysis was performed. Review Manager software version 5.3 was used to statistically analyze the outcomes.

Results

A total of seven studies including 3,726 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) value of the high NLR that predicted HT in AIS patients was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.21–1.92; p = .0003). In addition, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05–1.15; p < .0001) was the pooled OR of the high NLR associated with increased 3‐month mortality in patients with AIS. In the subgroup analysis with an NLR cutoff value of 7.5–11, the correlation between NLR above the cutoff value and the rate of HT in patients with AIS was statistically significant (OR, 7.93; 95% CI, 2.25–27.95; p = .001).

Conclusion

A high NLR can predict HT and 3‐month mortality in patients with AIS. Regardless of the country of origin and the sampling time, an NLR with a cutoff value of 7.5–11 was independently associated with HT in AIS patients.
Advanced robotics analysis toolbox for kinematic and dynamic design and analysis of high‐DOF redundant serial manipulators
Authors: Ozakyol Haluk , Karaman Cenk , Bingul Zafer
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to develop a toolbox for kinematic and dynamic modeling and analysis of the high degree‐of‐freedom (DOF), redundant serial robots used widely in cooperative and space applications. With the Advanced Robotics Analysis Toolbox (ARAT), kinematic and dynamic modeling and analysis of the complex, high DOF, serial robots which may have universal, spherical, prismatic, or rotational joints with more than one DOF and a mobile or stationary base can be easily accomplished. The ARAT was used to design and analyze different complex structures of serial robots for robotic education students and robotics researchers who design and build exceptional new robots. The robot's kinematic and dynamic parameters including link lengths, directions, masses and inertias can be entered into the ARAT using a user‐friendly interface. Solid models of the robots can be created in a three dimensional (3D) environment for virtual reality simulations. In the ARAT, forward and inverse kinematic models, Jacobian matrix, trajectory planning, forward and inverse dynamic models can be produced in a computationally efficient way. All of the physical robot parameters such as angular and linear velocities, accelerations, forces, and torques at the joints, link origins and the center of mass of the links can be computed in 3D. The ARAT includes support for the most commonly used trajectory algorithms in serial robots, including polynomial, trigonometric (harmonic, cycloidal, elliptic), exponential, Gaussian, and Fourier‐based (Gutman, Freudenstein). These trajectories can be applied easily to each joint of the robots. To compare the kinematic and dynamic results obtained from ARAT and MATLAB‐Simscape Multibody simulation program, different structures of the serial robots were simulated in both programs. The results that produced from ARAT and MATLAB‐Simscape were similar. The ARAT is much better from the serial robot simulation toolboxes existing in literature in terms of computation capability, visual ability, and easy usage.
Virtual laboratory for microwave measurements
Authors: Gubsky D. S. , Kleschenkov A. B. , Mamay I. V.
Published: August 2019

The study introduces an approach in developing a virtual laboratory that can be used for classroom instruction as well as distance learning and is a good alternative to highly expensive microwave measurement equipment. The software package is written in C++. The testing results of applying a virtual laboratory for radiophysics measurements are considered.
Structure–Activity Relationship of Iron Oxides for NO Reduction in the Presence of C3H6, CO, and O2
Authors: Ueda Kakuya , Ohyama Junya , Sawabe Kyoichi , Satsuma Atsushi
Published: August 2019

Spinel‐type NiFe2O4 exhibited the highest NO reduction activity among base‐metal oxides under simulated exhaust of a gasoline‐powered vehicle. The structure–activity relationship of iron oxides has been investigated through both experimental and computational studies. Spinel iron oxide (γ‐Fe2O3) exhibited a much higher NO reduction activity than that of iron oxide with other structures (α‐Fe2O3 and LaFeO3). Operando IR measurements clarified that the spinel structure facilitated the reaction between NOx and adsorbed oxidized hydrocarbon or cyanide species. The high reactivity of the spinel structure was ascribed to the high adsorption energy of NO, as elucidated by DFT calculations. Furthermore, molecular orbital calculations demonstrated that the local coordination structure of the spinel iron oxide induced the involvement of not only σ but also π orbitals during NO adsorption on Fe atoms. This work clarified the origin of the structure‐dependent activity of metal oxides, with a focus on their local coordination structures.
Making an exciting brand big: Brand personality, logo size and brand evaluation
Authors: Cai Yuanyuan , Mo Tingting
Published: August 2019

This research examines how brand personality (excitement) and logo size used in product design (big versus small) interacts in affecting consumer brand evaluation. We first demonstrate that combining a big logo and a high‐excitement brand (versus a small logo combined with a high‐excitement brand) leads to high processing fluency, further resulting in more favourable brand evaluation (Study 1). We then determine the consumption situation as a moderator of such an interaction effect: the influence of the big logo and high‐excitement‐brand combination on brand evaluation is significantly weakened in a private consumption situation (a T‐shirt worn at home) compared to a public consumption situation (a T‐shirt worn outside, Study 2a), and becomes insignificant for a private product category (slippers, Study 2b).
Reservation based resource allocation in 5G new radio standard
Authors: Saravanan Mohan , Kalidoss Rajakani , Partibane Bactavatchalame , Vishvaksenan Kuttathati Srinivasan
Published: August 2019

In fifth generation new radio, due to the increase in the number of mobile devices, there exist a demand for a large amount of spectrum. Resource scheduling service plays an important role to fulfill the demand for a large spectrum. To cater this spectrum crisis, a flexible and reliable reservation‐based spectrum sharing technique is proposed. The computational results shows that compared with existing techniques, the reservation‐based resource allocation (RBRA) technique can significantly increase the resource effective utilization, where not only the user with best channel characteristics is allocated the free spectrum but also a user with acceptable channel characteristics is assigned with free spectrum thereby maintaining the fairness.