bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapidly modifiable factors associated with full vaccination status among children in Niamey, Niger: A cross-sectional, random cluster household survey
Authors: Kondo Kunieda Mika , Manzo Mahamane Laouali , Shibanuma Akira , Jimba Masamine
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives

Vaccination status becomes more equitable when interventions are carried out to eliminate poverty or to improve levels in maternal education. Low-income countries need to identify interventions that would have a more immediate and equitable effect. The present study aimed to identify rapidly modifiable factors associated with full vaccination status among children in Niamey, Niger.

Methods

A cross-sectional, random cluster household survey was conducted in Niamey’s five health districts. Data on vaccination coverage and socioeconomic household characteristics were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with data on 445 mothers and their children aged 12–23 months.

Results

Of 445 children, 38% were fully vaccinated. Mothers who were satisfied with their health worker’s attitude and had correct vaccination calendar knowledge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05–13.82) were more likely to have fully vaccinated children. Mothers who had completed secondary school (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.17–3.55) were also associated with having fully vaccinated children.

Conclusions

A higher rate of full vaccination among children could be achieved by relatively short-term modifiable factors. These modifiable factors are mothers’ satisfaction with health workers’ attitudes and knowledge of the vaccination calendar. Maternal satisfaction with health workers’ attitudes could be improved through better interpersonal communication between health workers and mothers. Specifically, mothers should be given specific information on time intervals between appointments. Strengthened communication interventions may be effective in improving both the acceptability of health services and low vaccination coverage.
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of GPRC5A in various cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dai Lu , Jin Xiao , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2021

Background

GPRC5A is associated with various cancer initiation and progression. Controversial findings have been reported about GPRC5A prognostic characteristics, and no meta-analysis has been conducted to assess the relationship between GPRC5A and cancer prognosis. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the overall prognostic effectiveness of GPRC5A.

Methods

We first conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Cochrane, and WangFang databases. The hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were then pooled to assess the associations between GPRC5A expression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival (EFS), and clinicopathological characteristics. Chi-squared test and I2 statistics were completed to evaluate the heterogeneity in our study. A random‐effects model was used when significant heterogeneity existed (I2>50% and p<0.05); otherwise, we chose the fixed-effect model. Subgroup analysis was stratified by tumor type, region, HR obtained measurements, and sample capacity to explore the source of heterogeneity.

Results

In total, 15 studies with 624 patients met inclusion criteria of this study. Our results showed that higher expression of GPRC5A is associated with worse OS (HR:1.69 95%CI: 1.20–2.38 I2 = 75.6% p = 0.000), as well as worse EFS (HR:1.45 95%CI: 1.02–1.95 I2 = 0.0% p = 0.354). Subgroup analysis indicated that tumor type might be the source of high heterogeneity. Additionally, cancer patients with enhanced GPRC5A expression were more likely to lymph node metastasis (OR:1.95, 95%CI 1.33–2.86, I2 = 43.9%, p = 0.129) and advanced tumor stage (OR: 1.83, 95%CI 1.15–2.92, I2 = 61.3%, p = 0.035), but not associated with age, sex, differentiation, and distant metastasis.

Conclusion

GPRC5A can be a promising candidate for predicting medical outcomes and used for accurate diagnosis, prognosis prediction for patients with cancer; however, the predictive value of GPRC5A varies significantly according to cancer type. Further studies for this mechanism will be necessary to reveal novel insights into application of GPRC5A in cancers.
Chronic peptide-based GIP receptor inhibition exhibits modest glucose metabolic changes in mice when administered either alone or combined with GLP-1 agonism
Authors: West Jason A. , Tsakmaki Anastasia , Ghosh Soumitra S. , Parkes David G. , Grønlund Rikke V. , Pedersen Philip J. , Maggs David , Rajagopalan Harith , Bewick Gavin A.
Published: March 2021

Combinatorial gut hormone therapy is one of the more promising strategies for identifying improved treatments for metabolic disease. Many approaches combine the established benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonism with one or more additional molecules with the aim of improving metabolic outcomes. Recent attention has been drawn to the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) system due to compelling pre-clinical evidence describing the metabolic benefits of antagonising the GIP receptor (GIPR). We rationalised that benefit might be accrued from combining GIPR antagonism with GLP-1 agonism. Two GIPR peptide antagonists, GIPA-1 (mouse GIP(3–30)NH2) and GIPA-2 (NαAc-K10[γEγE-C16]-Arg18-hGIP(5–42)), were pharmacologically characterised and both exhibited potent antagonist properties. Acute in vivo administration of GIPA-1 during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) had negligible effects on glucose tolerance and insulin in lean mice. In contrast, GIPA-2 impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated circulating insulin levels. A mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) was used to investigate the potential metabolic benefits of chronic dosing of each antagonist, alone or in combination with liraglutide. Chronic administration studies showed expected effects of liraglutide, lowering food intake, body weight, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations while improving glucose sensitivity, whereas delivery of either GIPR antagonist alone had negligible effects on these parameters. Interestingly, chronic dual therapy augmented insulin sensitizing effects and lowered plasma triglycerides and free-fatty acids, with more notable effects observed with GIPA-1 compared to GIPA-2. Thus, the co-administration of both a GIPR antagonist with a GLP1 agonist uncovers interesting beneficial effects on measures of insulin sensitivity, circulating lipids and certain adipose stores that seem influenced by the degree or nature of GIP receptor antagonism.
The presence of radioactive heavy minerals in prospecting trenches and concomitant occupational exposure
Authors: Hanfi Mohamed Youssef Mohamed , Masoud Masoud Salah , Sayyed M. I. , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Faruque Mohammed Rashed Iqbal , Bradley D. A. , Mostafa Mostafa Yuness Abdelfatah
Published: March 2021

Uranium, perhaps the most strategically important component of heavy minerals, finds particular significance in the nuclear industry. In prospecting trenches, the radioactivity of238U and232Th provides a good signature of the presence of heavy minerals. In the work herein, the activity concentrations of several key primordial radionuclides (238U,232Th, and40K) were measured in prospecting trenches (each of the latter being of approximately the same geometry and physical situation). All of these are located in the Seila area of the South Eastern desert of Egypt. A recently introduced industry standard, the portable hand-held RS-230 BGO gamma-ray spectrometer (1024 channels) was employed in the study. Based on the measured data, the trenches were classified as either non-regulated (U activity less than 1000 Bq kg-1) or regulated (with238U activity more than 1000 Bq kg-1). Several radiological hazard parameters were calculated, statistical analysis also being performed to examine correlations between the origins of the radionuclides and their influence on the calculated values. While the radioactivity and hazard parameters exceed United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) guided limits, the mean annual effective doses of 0.49 and 1.4 mSv y-1in non-regulated and regulated trenches respectively remain well below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended 20 mSv/y maximum occupational limit. This investigation reveals that the studied area contains high uranium content, suitable for extraction of U-minerals for use in the nuclear fuel cycle.
Risk factors for delayed encephalopathy following carbon monoxide poisoning: Importance of the period of inability to walk in the acute stage
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhiro
Published: March 2021

Objective

Delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) is a serious complication that occurs after acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. The study identified factors for predicting DNS development for the purpose of improving CO intoxication treatment strategies.

Methods

The medical records of 65 patients admitted to Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital between 2004 and 2020 due to CO poisoning were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, using a range of evaluated items as explanatory variables and the development of DNS as the response variable.

Results

Patients who developed DNS were found to have higher peak creatine kinase (CK) (odds ratio, 1.0003; 95% CI, 1.0001–1.0005; P<0.001), and experienced a greater number of days during which walking was impossible in the acute stage following intoxication (odds ratio, 1.011; 95% CI, 1.005–1.018; P<0.001) according to the univariate analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that DNS development was related to the score, peak CK (U/L) + 40 × the number of days in which walking was impossible. The model demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91–1.00), and DNS was predicted with 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity.

Conclusion

An indicator that incorporates the number of days that walking is impossible for a patient could be useful in planning therapeutic strategies.
Hari metalikoetan eta arku elektrikoan oinarritutako fabrikazio-gehigarriko WAAM teknologiaren oinarriak eta aplikazioak
Authors: Aldalur Eider , Panfilo Asier , Súarez Alfredo , M. Ugartemendia Jone
Published: March 2021

Fabrikazio-gehigarria geruzaz geruza piezak eratzean oinarritzen den produkzio-kontzeptu berria da. Fabrikazio-gehigarriaren barneko teknikek duten izaera dela eta, orain artean fabrikazio-teknika tradizionalek inposatutako diseinu-mugak gainditzea ahalbidetzen dute. Material mota anitzetan lan egin dezaketen arren, lan honetan material metalikoetan oinarritutako fabrikazio-gehigarriko teknikak azalduko dira. Horien artetik, arku eta hari bidezko fabrikazio gehigarrian (ingelesez, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)) arreta berezia ezarriko da, erakusten dituen abantailak direla eta. Lan honen helburu nagusia WAAM teknologia metalen fabrikazio-gehigarriaren barruan kokatzea da, teknologia honen deskribapena eginez eta hark industrian dituen hainbat aplikazio azalduz. Horretarako, lehenik eta behin, metalen fabrikazio-gehigarriko prozesu nagusiak azalduko dira, eta materiala elikatzeko eraren araberako sailkapen bat aurkeztuko da. Ondoren, WAAM prozesuaren deskribapena eta xehetasunak azalduko dira. Jarraian, WAAM teknologiaren bidez piezak fabrikatzeko erabilitako ekipamendua eta aplikazio eremu bakoitzeko (fabrikazio zuzena, ez-zuzena eta konponketak) adibide industrial erreal bat azalduko da. Fabrikazio zuzenean, 5356 aluminio-aleazioan topologikoki optimizatutako diseinua duen dorrearen fabrikazioa azalduko da, diseinu originalarekin alderatuta % 31ko pisu aurrezkia lortuz. Fabrikazio ez-zuzenean, ER70S-6 altzairuan tamaina handiko molde baten fabrikazioa aipatuko da. Azkenik, konponketei dagokienez, H13 altzairuzko molde higatu bat WAAM teknologiaren bidez nola konpondu den azalduko da.
Alapvető e-business-modellek működése és magyarországi elterjedtségük
Authors: Nemeslaki András , Urbán Zsolt , Trestyén Andrea
Published: March 2021

Vezetői szempontból az internetes megjelenés alapja a jól meghatározott e-business-modell. A cikk célja az, hogy átfogó és elméletileg megalapozott keretet adjon az internetes bevételi, illetve értékteremtési modellekről, és az azok működéséhez szükséges infrastrukturális szolgáltatásokról. Ezeknek fogyasztói szempontból a legérzékenyebb elemei az internetes fizetési megoldások, és a modell használatával könnyen értelmezhetőek például a különböző fizetési típusok között tapasztalható eltérések, illetve világosan meghatározhatóak, hogy az adott fizetési megoldások melyik üzleti modellhez vagy modellekhez illeszkednek a legjobban. Kutatásukban a szerzők eddig egyedülálló módon több ezer magyar üzleti modellt vizsgáltak meg és kategorizáltak, így empirikus adatok alapján tudták tovább árnyalni a hazai e-business-modellek működésének megértését. Ezek az információk magyarázatot adhatnak egyes megoldások elterjedtségére, vagy új lehetőségeket és vizsgálati irányokat vethetnek fel.
E-business-modellek a magyarországi diszkont légitársaságok piacán
Authors: Szutorisz Gábor , Szabó Balázs , Pocsarovszky Károly
Published: March 2021

A diszkont légitársaságok üzleti modellje az internet köré épül, amely egyrészről az iparág szélesen kihasznált e-business-spektrumát, másrészről a turisztikai ipar dinamikus infokommunikációs fejlődését mutatja. A fapados légitársaságok térnyerése, kiegészülve az egyre növekvő technológiai affinitás jelenségével, olyan régiókban is teret ad az e-kereskedelem infrastrukturális fejlődésének, ahol korábban az e-felkészültség meglehetősen alacsony szinten állt. A szerzők cikkükben a Magyarországon versenyző fapados légitársaságok internetes megjelenését és webes szolgáltatásait mutatják be, mintegy esettanulmányként ennek illusztrálására.
A Atlandida e os ciclos em Vico
Authors: Dos Santos Vladimir Chaves
Published: March 2021

A teoria ciclica da historia tem muitas variantes. Em Vico a teoria ciclica é adaptada a teoria do progresso.
As novas tecnologias e a intensificação do trabalho docente na universidade
Authors: Pucci Bruno , Cerasoli Josianne Francia
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho propoem reflexões acerca de mudanças significativas no trabalho docente no Brasil, sobretudo aquelas advindas do uso de meios eletronicos nas mais diferentes atividades ligadas ao ensino superior.
SEVERINO, Antonio Joaquim. Como ler um texto de filosofia. São Paulo: PAulus, 2008, 74 p. (Coleção Como Ler Filosofia).
Authors: Rocha Dorothy
Published: March 2021

SEVERINO, Antonio Joaquim. Como se ler um texto de filosofia. São Paulo: PAulus, 2008, 74 p. (Coleção Como Ler Filosofia).
JASMIN, M.G.; FRERES Jr., J (Org). História dos conceitos: debates e perspectivas. Rio de Janeiro: Editora PUC - Rio; Loyola. IUPERJ, 2006. 174 p.
Authors: Roiz Diogo da Silva
Published: March 2021

RESENHA
O que professa uma profissão?
Authors: De Castro João Cardoso , Cardoso de Castro Murilo
Published: March 2021

O que professa uma profissão?
Resumo: Professar uma profissão é algo que ainda merece ser pensado. Seja em termos do sentido, se ainda algum, de professar uma profissão. Seja em termos da investigação daquilo que professa uma profissão. Seja em termos do como professar uma profissão. Certamente, não quanto a técnicas, práticas, atitudes e comportamentos, mas sim quanto ao ser-capaz, alcançado por uma paideia aquiescida por qualquer profissão aberta à vocação própria que a chama a professar. Assim, estendemos nossa reflexão sobre a vocação, desenvolvida em outro artigo, até o professar uma profissão, enquanto professar um aí-se-é que a vocação apela a propriamente ser.
Palavras-chave: profissão, paideia, educação, vocação, Heidegger, virtude 
¿ Qué professa una profesión? 
Resumen: Profesar una profesión es algo que todavía merece ser pensado. Sea en términos del sentido, si aún alguno, de profesar una profesión. Sea en términos de la investigación de lo que profesa una profesión. Sea en términos de cómo profesar una profesión. Ciertamente, no en cuanto a técnicas, prácticas, actitudes y comportamientos, sino en cuanto al ser-capaz, alcanzado por una paideia aquiescida por cualquier profesión abierta a la vocación propia que la llama a profesar. Así, extendemos nuestra reflexión sobre la vocación, desarrollada en otro artículo, hasta el profesar una profesión, mientras profesar un ahí-es que la vocación apela a propiamente ser.
Palabras clave: profesión, paideia, educación, vocación, Heidegger, virtude
 What profess a profession? 
Abstract: Profess a profession is something that still deserves to be thought. Be it in terms of meaning, if any, of professing a profession. Be it in terms of an investigation of what is professed by a profession. Be it in terms of how to profess a profession. Of course not about techniques, practices, attitudes and behaviours, but about the being-able realized by a paideia acquiesced by any profession open to its own vocation that calls it to profess. So we extend our meditation about vocation developed in another article, up to profess a profession, understood as to profess a there-self-being that a vocation calls to authentically Being.
Keywords: profession, paideia, education, vocation, Heidegger, virtue 
Data de registro: 13/06/2019
Data de aceite: 22/07/2020
Que es Metapolítica
Authors: Buela Alberto
Published: March 2021

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Coisa Julgada Inconstitucional sob a Hodierna Ótica Jurisprudencial
Authors: Fairbanks Alexandre de Serpa Pinto , Pinto Antonio Augusto Abreu de Serpa , Pinto Patricia Serpa
Published: March 2021

Com viés essencialmente jurisprudencial, o presente estudo tem por fito primordial trazer aos leitores as atuais perspectivas sobre a coisa julgada inconstitucional. Não obstante, enfatiza-se o Direito processual constitucionalizado e suas perspectivas em relação ao instituto da coisa julgada. Portanto, para que o objetivo seja alcançado, faz-se mister demonstrar o conteúdo positivo, bem como o entendimento doutrinário, relacionando-os diretamente à constituição e às jurisprudências, que dão justa medida ao raciocínio em comento.
Application of costing methods: A case study in a retailer in the Triângulo Mineiro
Authors: Solon Alexsandro Silva , De Araújo Fernando , Araújo Flavia Barbosa de Brito
Published: March 2021

Goal: The aim of this article is to show the importance of applying costing methods to increase the contribution margin and decision-making, besides helping the company to become more competitive   against competitors.

Design / Methodology / Approach: This study carried out a case study of a quantitative nature, based on bibliographic works. He employed a semi-structured interview. The Direct / Variable Costing method was used to recognize points that could be improved. In addition, the data was organized into spreadsheets in the Office package.

Results: The results of the survey show at the end of the action survey that the company chose to outsource the raw material from its second item of highest revenue: cheese bread. With the change, the item increased its contribution margin by 30.16% and reduced costs by 77.98%, increasing the company's profit, reducing the product's equilibrium point from 54.14% to 4.14% of average daily production.

Limitations of the research: As limitations of the study, we highlight that the company passed on the already established costs for some products, so the costs were calculated considering this percentage.

Practical Implications:   Its practical implications are to demonstrate the importance of the relationship between costs and sales price as a decision-making strategy.

Originality / Value: The study contributes to the academic area and adds knowledge related to costs and sales price for the bakery sector, being useful for users and interested in the bakery sector and its costs.
Making intelligent cities in Europe climate-neutral
Authors: Kropp Cordula , Ley Astrid , Ottenburger Sadeeb S. , Ufer Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Smart urban futures are currently being tested and promoted in Europe using innovative and intelligent urban technologies at different spatial scales, in individual sectors such as energy or transport, or by using specific technological innovations. However, the great transformation, though often called for and widely advocated, is yet to come. This paper discusses the necessity of promoting integrative approaches that go beyond technology-centered solutions with the aim of opening up paths towards urban climate neutrality: Precisely because urban futures are hardly predictable due to diverse and partly still hidden influencing factors, it is important to include especially socio-cultural innovations, as well as resilient technical solutions. The considerations developed in this regard conclude with a presentation of the contributions in this TATuP special topic.
Summen in der City und im Internet of Things
Authors: Wichmann Marie-Helene
Published: March 2021

Mit kulturwissenschaftlich-ethnographischen Methoden und Daten untersucht dieser Beitrag die Transformationspotenziale des urbanen Imkerns für klimaneutrale und intelligente Städte, z. B. hinsichtlich der emissionsarmen urbanen Nahrungsmittelerzeugung oder der Bestäubungsleistung zugunsten urbaner Artenvielfalt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich im gegenwärtigen Trend zur Honigbienenhaltung im Stadtraum eine Verknüpfung von Sozialinnovationen (gemeinschaftliches Imkern) und technologischen Innovationen (agrarinformatische Techniken und Anwendungen des Internet of Things, IoT). Beide Innovationen stehen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Naturschutzmotivationen auf der einen und agroindustriellen Ausrichtungen der digitalen Technologien für Imkernde auf der anderen Seite. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass das Transformationspotenzial urbanen Imkerns insbesondere in der Vernetzung imkerlicher Daten sowie in der Einbindung naturschutzbezogener Daten durch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien liegt.
National Projects in the Far East: Problems and Prospects for Development
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Minakir Pavel , Prokapalo Olga ,   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS
Published: March 2021

The work considers the main categories of national projects of Russia 2019–2024 at the regional level. An assessment of the effects and consequences of the implementation of regional projects taking into account regional specifics and financial resources is given. The article shows the development indicators lag behind the planned goals as a result of a decrease in the number due to natural population decline, a decrease in real incomes of citizens, and the preservation of a high level of poverty of the population. The problem of coordination of regional projects with the current federal and regional programs and strategies for socio-economic development has been updated. The impact of the pandemic of coronavirus infection on the implementation of national projects in the Far East is analyzed.
The Territory Requires Coherent Work: The Role of Interregional Interactions in Economic Recovery (To the 100th Anniversary of I.G. Aleksandrov’s Work ‘Economic Regionalization of Russia’)
Authors:   Institute of Europe RAS, Center for German Studies, Kotov Aleksandr ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Center for Spatial Economics
Published: March 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has acted as a catalyst for discussions on the choice of economic policies for recovery from the crisis. This research focuses on one of the aspects of this problem, aiming to analyse interregional interactions, the activation of which can become a driver of growth. Based on the idea of ‘double circulation’ from the China’s 14th Five-Year Plan, we demonstrate that Russia also has the ability to shift the focus of economic policy towards expanding the domestic market and developing ties between regions. The paper draws parallels between the early 1920s and 2020s. It is noted that the need to overcome economic depression was determined by justifying close cooperation of individual regions in Russia. The article describes the use of interregional interactions as a tool for spatial development based on the existing federal strategic plans. The study demonstrates that that the task of strengthening interregional interactions is only briefly touched upon in the plans. However, it is important to note that this process balances the constraints and opportunities for the development of the whole country. The analysis of the spatial markets’ hierarchy in the context of economic macro-regions revealed their incomplete nature as complete economic systems. The obtained results show that in order for the idea of macro-regions to actually work, real interregional projects should appear inside of these macro-regions. It is determined that on the international level the demand for special tools for enhancing interregional interactions is gradually growing. The author proposes measures based on successful examples to support such interregional interactions in Russia. Finally, the author concludes that in the current situation the increase in interregional interactions can positively affect the economic development of Russia as well as create new spatially distributed value-added chains
Comparison of traditional and modern methods for identification of economically important wireworm species (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: PRAPROTNIK Eva , RAZINGER Jaka , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: March 2021

Wireworms are larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and are well known pests of economic importance. Knowing the species diversity in a particular area is important, as the ecological requirements and consequent management strategies of individual species vary. Morphological identification of wireworms is challenging; separating between individual species is often almost impossible. Molecular methods therefore complement morphological methods. Mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase I is most commonly used for molecular identification of wireworms. In this study we list molecular, morphological and behavioural methods for wireworm identification and also highlight the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. At the end of the article, a simplified morphological identification key for determining economically important wireworm species of the genus Agriotes in Slovenian language is attached.
Sub-Finsler Horofunction Boundaries of the Heisenberg Group
Authors: Fisher Nate , Golo Sebastiano Nicolussi
Published: March 2021

We give a complete analytic and geometric description of the horofunction boundary for polygonal sub-Finsler metrics, that is, those that arise as asymptotic cones of word metrics, on the Heisenberg group. We develop theory for the more general case of horofunction boundaries in homogeneous groups by connecting horofunctions to Pansu derivatives of the distance function.
Comparison of adsorption properties of commercial silica and rice husk ash (RHA) silica: A study by NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Chirsty Alfred A. , Sivarukshy Pathmanathan
Published: March 2021

Adsorption properties of Silica gel (commercial silica), rice husk ash (RHA) silica, and their hydrothermally treated products towards water molecules were studied in this work. RHA silica was prepared by heating rice husk to 650°C for 4 h after pretreatment with hydrochloric acid. Portions of the samples of silica were evacuated at 200℃ and then allowed to adsorb water molecules from the surrounding air at either 42 or 50% humidity. The near infrared spectra of these samples were measured at different time intervals during their adsorption of water molecules. The evolved near infrared spectra were analyzed using second derivative techniques. Adsorption properties of these samples were further studied by gravimetric analysis. Surface functionalities and adsorption evolution of water molecules on silica samples studied showed that the adsorption of water molecules on commercial silica gel sample and RHA silica Samples takes place readily with hydrogen-bonded silanol groups on the surfaces of the samples. This adsorption arising from the OH stretching and bending vibrations of these water molecules gives rise to a band at 5,270 cm−1 in the near infrared region. The adsorbed water molecules then continue at the free silanol groups which is indicated by the absorption around 5,314 cm−1. The results clearly show that the silica made from rice husk adsorb water in the same manner as the commercial silica, but the quantity of water molecules adsorbed is less compared to commercial silica used in this experiment. However, the study clearly shows that the rice husk silica can replace the commercial silica as a substitute for desiccant purposes in industry.
A spatial-temporal study of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by type: exploring localization economies implications in urban areas in Ontario
Authors: Meyer Stephen P.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

This study adds to the geography of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) literature by comparing the spatial-temporal patterns of five types of CAM within 19 cities in light of clustering benefits from localization economies.

Methods

CAM office location points and nearest neighbour, standard distance, local spatial autocorrelation, and Mann–Whitney analyses are utilized to test potential clustering tendencies of CAM types over time.

Results

It is shown that ‘within’ (chiropractors near chiropractors, for example) and ‘amongst’ (chiropractors proximate to other CAM types) spatial clustering occurs in 2007 and 2017. This implies the persistent influence of localization economies.

Conclusions

Continued clustering of CAM within urban locations already replete with CAM offices will widen spatial disparities through time. This has implications for policy-makers concerned with dispersing medical resources over space for better accessibility.
An Experimental Study on Creep Behavior of Transversely Isotropic Composite Rock under Conventional Triaxial Compression
Authors: Yang Sheng-Qi , Hu Bo , Xu Peng
Published: March 2021

The time-dependent deformation behavior of hard-soft composite rock has a significant effect on tunnel excavation. In this article, a method to prepare hard-soft composite rock specimens with orientations ranging from 0° to 90° is presented. The influences of the dip angle on the long-term deformation and failure behaviors of an artificial transversely isotropic rock specimen were investigated by a series of creep experiments. The test results show that the creep failure strengths of the specimens first decreased and then increased with an increasing dip angle. The composite rocks displayed remarkable creep characteristics. The axial instantaneous deformation increased linearly with an increasing deviatoric stress, but the creep strain displayed a nonlinear trend. The instantaneous modulus first decreased in the range of 0° to 30° and then increased in the range of 45° to 90° with the increase of dip angle; however, the creep strain showed an opposite result. The steady-state creep rate increased nonlinearly with an increasing deviatoric stress. The dip angle had a significant effect on the steady-state creep rate. Moreover, the creep failure modes of the rock-like specimens, which were dependent on the dip angle, were compared.
Uncertainty of Elastoplastic Material Parameters Calculated from the Spherical Indentation in the Macro Range
Authors: Ullner Christian , Subaric-Leitis Andreas , Bartholmai Matthias
Published: March 2021

The applicability of three methods developed by finite element method (FEM) and proposed in the literature are studied on steel S355. Instrumented indentation tests using spherical indenters of radius 200 and 500 µm are performed in the macro range at depths of more than 6 µm. The results of the selected methods are compared with the tensile test. To evaluate the partially strongly varying results, the uncertainties of the calculated strain hardening exponent, n, and yield stress, Y, are estimated. Recommendations for an appropriated procedure of the indentation test are given. The machine compliance and the determination of the zero point of depth play an essential role. If the certain conditions are considered, the instrumented indentation tests can be used, in particular for investigations of specimens with inhomogeneous elastoplasticity.
Comparative study of chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in South China by filter-based and single particle analysis
Authors: Mao Jingying , Yang Liming , Mo Zhaoyu , Jiang Zongkai , Krishnan Padmaja , Sarkar Sayantan , Zhang Qi , Chen Weihua , Zhong Buqing , Yang Yuan , Jia Shiguo , Wang Xuemei
Published: March 2021

Single particle aerosol mass spectrometers (SPAMS) have created significant interest among atmospheric scientists by virtue of their ability to provide real-time size-resolved information on the chemical composition of aerosols. The objective of this study is to evaluate the newly developed single particle analysis technique in terms of chemical characterization and source apportionment of ambient aerosols by comparing it with traditional filter-based methods. In this study, an air quality monitoring campaign was conducted over a period of 25 days at an urban area in Yulin city, southern China, by employing both SPAMS and traditional filter-based measurements to establish the performance of SPAMS. It was observed that the chemical characterization of particles based on SPAMS did not agree well with the filter-based analysis. Based on the filter analysis, sulfate was the most abundant component in PM2.5 (23.5%), followed by OC (18.1%), while for single particle analysis (number concentration), EC-containing particles showed the largest contribution to PM2.5 (>40%), followed by OC (15.7%). In terms of source apportionment via positive matrix factorization, six sources were identified by each of the two approaches. Both the approaches showed relatively good agreements for secondary species, traffic, and dust sources; however, discrepancies were noted for industry, fossil fuel, and biomass burning sources. Finally, investigation of diurnal profiles and two specific emission episodes monitored during the Chinese New Year and traffic activities demonstrated the relative advantage of single particle analysis over filter-based methods. Overall, single particle analysis can provide source apportionment with a high time resolution, which is helpful for policy makers to analyze and implement emergency control strategies during air pollution episodes. However, SPAMS performs quantification of number concentration rather than mass concentration and is limited to particles larger than 200 nm, which leads to discrepancies between the two methods. SPAMS measurements can therefore not simply replace traditional filter-based analyses, which needs to be carefully considered in the selection of the monitoring implementation.
Assessing the Topological Consistency of Crowdsourced OpenStreetMap Data
Authors: Sehra Sukhjit Singh
Published: March 2021

OpenStreetMap is world leader in collecting map data contributed by users, called crowdsourcing. But we have little knowledge about the people who collect it, their skills, knowledge or patterns of data collection. Also OpenStreetMap has loose coordination and no top-down quality assurance processes. This makes map data more vulnerable to errors and incomplete. To make the map data navigable, it must not have errors. The current proposal has been conducted to identify errors OpenStreetMap data. Small area of Punjab has been taken as test data for finding inconsistencies. It has been concluded that data contains lots of such errors and is not mature enough to be commercial purposes.
Can you moderate an unreadable message? 'Blind' content moderation via human computation
Authors: Frey Seth , Bos Maarten W , Sumner Robert W
Published: March 2021

User-generated content (UGC) is fundamental to online social engagement, but eliciting and managing it come with many challenges. The special features of UGC moderation highlight many of the general challenges of human computation in general. They also emphasize how moderation and privacy interact: people have rights to both privacy and safety online, but it is difficult to provide one without violating the other: scanning a user's inbox for potentially malicious messages seems to imply access to all safe ones as well. Are privacy and safety opposed, or is it possible in some circumstance to guarantee the safety of anonymous content without access to that content. We demonstrate that such "blind content moderation" is possible in certain domains. Additionally, the methods we introduce offer safety guarantees, an expressive content space, and require no human moderation load: they are safe, expressive, and scalable Though it may seem preposterous to try moderating UGC without human- or machine-level access to it, human computation makes blind moderation possible. We establish this existence claim by defining two very different human computational methods, behavioral thresholding and reverse correlation. Each leverages the statistical and behavioral properties of so-called "inappropriate content" in different decision settings to moderate UGC without access to a message's meaning or intention. The first, behavioral thresholding, is shown to generalize the well-known ESP game.
Local Crowdsourcing for Annotating Audio: the Elevator Annotator platform
Authors: Karavellas Themistoklis , Prameswari Anggarda , Inel Oana , De Boer Victor
Published: March 2021

Crowdsourcing and other human computation techniques have proven useful in collecting large numbers of annotations for various datasets. In the majority of cases, online platforms are used when running crowdsourcing campaigns. Local crowdsourcing is a variant where annotation is done on specific physical locations. This paper describes a local crowdsourcing concept, platform and experiment. The case setting concerns eliciting annotations for an audio archive. For the experiment, we developed a hardware platform designed to be deployed in building elevators. To evaluate the effectiveness of the platform and to test the influence of location on the annotation results, an experiment was set up in two different locations. In each location two different user interaction modalities are used. The results show that our simple local crowdsourcing setup is able to achieve acceptable accuracy levels with up to 4 annotations per hour, and that the location has a significant effect on accuracy.
POnline: An Online Pupil Annotation Tool Employing Crowd-sourcing and Engagement Mechanisms
Authors: Gil de Gómez Pérez David , Bednarik Roman
Published: March 2021

Pupil center and pupil contour are two of the most important features in the eye-image used for video-based eye-tracking. Well annotated databases are needed in order to allow benchmarking of the available- and new pupil detection and gaze estimation algorithms. Unfortunately, creation of such a data set is costly and requires a lot of efforts, including manual work of the annotators. In addition, reliability of manual annotations is hard to establish with a low number of annotators. In order to facilitate progress of the gaze tracking algorithm research, we created an online pupil annotation tool that engages many users to interact through gamification and allows utilization of the crowd power to create reliable annotations \cite{artstein2005bias}. We describe the tool and the mechanisms employed, and report results on the annotation of a publicly available data set. Finally, we demonstrate an example utilization of the new high-quality annotation on a comparison of two state-of-the-art pupil center algorithms.
Blossoming Branches Symbol the Real Spring: Chinese Sample of School Management
Authors: Cheung Alan C. K.
Published: March 2021

The development of education is influenced by the economy, politics, and culture. Due to the differences in politics, economy, and culture of various countries, various countries’ education also shows different characteristics. China’s education is affected by specific economics, politics, and culture and has its unique operating model and mechanism. As far as school management is concerned, the management system of Chinese schools more reflects Chinese characteristics.
The Meaning of Eagles in the Baltic Region. A Case Study from the Castle of the Teutonic Order in Klaipėda, Lithuania (13th–14th Century)
Authors: Ehrlich Freydis , Piličiauskienė Giedrė , Urbonaitė-Ubė Miglė , Rannamäe Eve
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we examine archaeological bird remains from Klaipėda Castle (Ger. Memel), western Lithuania. The castle was built in 1252, and during the Middle Ages, it was the northernmost castle of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The castle together with its adjacent town were subjected to wars and changing political situations over the centuries, but nevertheless represented a socially higher status. The studied bird remains were found during the excavations in 2016 and have been dated by context to the Middle Ages – from the end of the 13th to the beginning of the 14th century. Our aim is to introduce and discuss the bird remains with an emphasis on two species – the white-tailed sea-eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). Most of all, we are interested in their role in expressing people’s social status, use in material culture, and significance as a food source. Our analysis showed that in Klaipėda, the eagles were probably used for raw material and possibly for feathers, but not for hawking and food. Alternatively, they could have been killed for scavenging. Other species identified in the assemblage such as chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), grey partridge (Perdix perdix), geese (Anser sp.), ducks (Anatinae), and great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) were mainly interpreted as food waste. This article presents the first concentrated study on bird remains from Klaipėda and is one of the first discussions about the meaning of eagles in the Baltic region.
Enhanced dynamic data storage for enabling low cost space astronomy observations for capital constrained astronomy organizations
Authors: AA Periola , H Ohize
Published: March 2021

Mechanisms that reduce the capital and operational costs are important for increased participation in astronomy. It is important that capital constrained organizations can engage in astronomy in cost effective manner. Approaches such as telescope conversion and using small satellites reduce the cost of astronomy observations. However, astronomy data observed by converted and small satellite telescopes require storage and processing by high performance computing infrastructure. High performance computing infrastructure acquisition is expensive for capital constrained astronomy organizations. The reduction in costs obtained by using converted and small satellite telescopes is not matched by a corresponding reduction in high performance computing. This paper addresses this challenge and proposes using a software defined space data storage system. The software defined space data storage system considers space telescopes as primary satellites and telecommunication and earth observation satellites as secondary satellites. The primary and secondary satellites are grouped in logical clusters. Secondary satellites are temporal data centers that store the astronomy data that cannot be held on primary satellites. The discussion in this paper presents algorithms that enable the identification of suitable secondary satellites and also influence the entry and exit of secondary satellite into dynamic clusters.
Aproximación al concepto estético de revelación en la primera filosofía del arte de F. W. J. Schelling
Authors: Fernández-Castelao Pedro
Published: March 2021

El concepto estético de revelación ayuda a comprender mejor la dinámica interna del concepto teológico de revelación. En el idealismo alemán el estudio de la experiencia estética adquirió, ya desde el principio, una importancia extraordinaria. La aproximación que F. W. J. Schelling realiza en el Sistema del idealismo trascendental (1800) marca un punto de referencia especialmente sobresaliente en relación con la filosofía del arte. En este artículo queremos rescatar las intuiciones válidas del concepto estético de revelación separándolas de los límites de la filosofía de la identidad, del elitismo del genio, del panteísmo spinozista y de la teología del Absoluto de Schelling.
Psychiatric hospitalizations in Brazil: exploratory and trend analysis from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Silva Marina Goulart da , Daros Guilherme Cabreira , Bitencourt Rafael Mariano de , Iser Betine Pinto Moehlecke
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the rates of psychiatric hospitalization and the average length of stay, in Brazil, from 2009 to 2019, according to sociodemographic variables and character of the hospitalization (elective or urgency). Methods: This is an ecological study, with data collected from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). Hospital admission rates were described according to diagnosis, sex, and age group. Percentage variation and rate ratios were calculated. To evaluate the time series, the data were submitted to linear regression analysis. Results: The rate of hospitalization for mental disorders decreased from 14.2/10,000 in 2009 to 11.2 in 2019, with the most significant variation occurring between mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use. The men had about twice as many episodes as the women in all the years evaluated. Higher rates were found in the age group of 30 and 59 years. The length of stay also decreased in the period. Besides, the urgency character presented almost 82% of the total hospitalizations. Conclusions: There was a reduction in hospital admissions for mental disorders in the analyzed period, demonstrating the relevance of mental health care changes resulting from the Psychiatric Reform.
Reduction in hospitalizations and emergency psychiatric care due to social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de , Barbosa Everton do Carmo , Rocha Davi Queiroz de Carvalho , Herkrath Fernando José
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Objetivo: Assess the impact of the lockdown measures on hospitalizations and emergency psychiatric care in a capital of a Brazilian state. Methods: Psychiatric hospitalizations and emergency psychiatric attendances carried out between January 7th and May 28th, 2020, were evaluated, covering the periods before and after lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Fortaleza, capital of the state of Ceará, Brazil. The data in the two periods were described and presented in time series graphs. Attendances were also described according to the severity categories. Comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U test and test for proportions. Results: The daily average of hospitalizations and of attendances decreased in the evaluated periods from 16.0 to 10.8 (p < 0.001) and 67.9 to 35.0 (p < 0.001), respectively. This absolute reduction was observed in all categories of severity. No difference was observed in the proportion of severe attendances (2.3% vs. 2.8%; p = 0.207). The proportion of mild cases decreased from 18.6% to 10.7% (p < 0.001) and of intermediate severity cases increased from 79.1% to 86.5% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings showed both a decrease in emergency psychiatric attendances and hospitalizations, which can lead to severe impacts in the absence of counterpart mitigation measures by the local mental health system.