bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and application of novel aryldiazenyl disperse dyes on polyester fabrics
Authors: Omar Alaa Z. , Khamis Asmaa M. , Hamed Ezzat A. , El-Sadany Samir K. , Rehim Elsayed M. Abdel , Elba Mohamed E. , Mohamed Mohamed G. , El-Atawy Mohamed A.
Published: December 2023

Azo dyes are widely used for dyeing polyester fabrics but require optimization of properties like color strength and fastness. Fourteen novel disperse azo dyes were synthesized from 2,3-naphthalenediol and aniline derivatives to examine their potential for polyester dyeing. The dyes were prepared via diazotization and coupling reactions and characterized using FT-IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, several techniques were employed to study the azo-hydrazone tautomerism, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and computational methods. DFT computations revealed hydrazone tautomers were more stable than azo tautomers. The prepared azo dyes were applied on polyester fabrics at 2% depth using a high temperature pressure technique in water utilizing DYEWELL-002 as a dispersing agent. The color shading of dyed polyester samples ranged from peach amber to apple of my eye, depending on the coupler moieties. The fastness properties, assessed using a grey scale of dyed polyester fabrics, indicated very good to excellent grades for most dyes. Additionally, measurements of color strength (K/S), dye exhaustion (%E), as well as colorimetric colors CILAB of dyed polyester fabrics values, were measured and discussed in terms of the effect of substituents. The findings provide new insights into structure-performance relationships to design optimized disperse dyes for polyester coloration. Overall, the synthesized aryldiazenyl dyes are promising candidates for dyeing polyester fabrics across a spectrum of shades with good fastness properties.
Semisynthesis of 5-O-ester derivatives of renieramycin T and their cytotoxicity against non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Buaban Koonchira , Innets Bhurichaya , Petsri Korrakod , Sinsook Suwimon , Chanvorachote Pithi , Chansriniyom Chaisak , Suwanborirux Khanit , Yokoya Masashi , Saito Naoki , Chamni Supakarn
Published: December 2023

The semisynthesis of 5-O-ester derivatives of renieramycin T was accomplished through the photoredox reaction of renieramycin M (1), a bistetrahydroisoquinolinequinone alkaloid isolated from the Thai blue sponge Xestospongia sp. This process led to the conversion of compound 1 to renieramycin T (2), which was subsequently subjected to Steglich esterification with appropriate acylating agents containing linear alkyl, N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-amino, and heterocyclic aromatic substituent. Notably, the one-pot transformation, combining the photoredox reaction and esterification led to the formation of 7-O-ester derivatives of renieramycin S due to hydrolysis. Subsequently, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the 17 semisynthesized derivatives against human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in parallel with normal cell lines was evaluated. Among the tested compounds, 5-O-(3-propanoyl) ester of renieramycin T (3b) exhibited potent cytotoxic activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values at 33.44 and 33.88 nM against H292 and H460 cell lines, respectively. These values were within the same range as compound 1 (IC50 = 34.43 and 35.63 nM) and displayed twofold higher cytotoxicity compared to compound 2 (IC50 = 72.85 and 83.95 nM). The steric characteristics and aromatic orientation of the 5-O-ester substituents played significant roles in their cytotoxicity. Notably, derivative 3b induced apoptosis with minimal necrosis, in contrast to the parental compound 1. Hence, the relationship between the structure and cytotoxicity of renieramycin–ecteinascidin hybrid alkaloids was investigated. This study emphasizes the potential of the series of 5-O-ester derivatives of renieramycin T as promising leads for the further development of potential anti-NSCLC agents.
Increased drought and extreme events over continental United States under high emissions scenario
Authors: Gautam Sagar , Mishra Umakant , Scown Corinne D. , Ghimire Rajan
Published: December 2023

The frequency, severity, and extent of climate extremes in future will have an impact on human well-being, ecosystems, and the effectiveness of emissions mitigation and carbon sequestration strategies. The specific objectives of this study were to downscale climate data for US weather stations and analyze future trends in meteorological drought and temperature extremes over continental United States (CONUS). We used data from 4161 weather stations across the CONUS to downscale future precipitation projections from three Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Six (CMIP6), specifically for the high emission scenario SSP5 8.5. Comparing historic observations with climate model projections revealed a significant bias in total annual precipitation days and total precipitation amounts. The average number of annual precipitation days across CONUS was projected to be 205 ± 26, 184 ± 33, and 181 ± 25 days in the BCC, CanESM, and UKESM models, respectively, compared to 91 ± 24 days in the observed data. Analyzing the duration of drought periods in different ecoregions of CONUS showed an increase in the number of drought months in the future (2023–2052) compared to the historical period (1989–2018). The analysis of precipitation and temperature changes in various ecoregions of CONUS revealed an increased frequency of droughts in the future, along with longer durations of warm spells. Eastern temperate forests and the Great Plains, which encompass the majority of CONUS agricultural lands, are projected to experience higher drought counts in the future. Drought projections show an increasing trend in future drought occurrences due to rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. Our high-resolution climate projections can inform policy makers about the hotspots and their anticipated future trajectories.
Gene association analysis of an osteopontin polymorphism and ketosis resistance in dairy cattle
Authors: Bauer Edyta A. , Kułaj Dominika , Sawicki Sebastian , Pokorska Joanna
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the c.495C > T polymorphism within exon 1 of the osteopontin gene (OPN), and to analyze its association with susceptibility to ketosis in Polish Holstein–Friesian (HF) cows. The study utilized blood samples from 977 HF cows, for the determination of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and for DNA isolation. The c.495C > T polymorphism of the bovine osteopontin gene was determined by PCR–RFLP. The CT genotype (0.50) was deemed the most common, while TT (0.08) was the rarest genotype. Cows with ketosis most often had the CC genotype, while cows with the TT genotype had the lowest incidence of ketosis. To confirm the relationship between the genotype and ketosis in cows, a weight of evidence (WoE) was generated. A very strong effect of the TT genotype on resistance to ketosis was demonstrated. The distribution of the ROC curve shows that the probability of resistance to ketosis is > 75% if cows have the TT genotype of the OPN gene (cutoff value is 0.758). Results suggest that TT genotype at the c.495C > T locus of the OPN gene might be effective way to detect the cows with risk of ketosis.
Prevalence and associated factors of moderate to severe erectile dysfunction among adult men in Malaysia
Authors: Rezali Muhammad Solihin , Mohamad Anuar Mohamad Fuad , Abd Razak Mohamad Aznuddin , Chong Zhuo Lin , Shaharudin Azli Baharudin , Kassim Mohd Shaiful Azlan , Mohamed Daud Mohamed Ashraf , Ismail Shaiful Bahari , Said Zakiah Mohd
Published: December 2023

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a pervasive problem among men, often shrouded in silence and stigma. This manuscript analysed the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 data to identify the prevalence of moderate to severe ED among men aged 18 and above in Malaysia and describe its associated factors. Self-administered questionnaire on ED utilised a locally validated International Index of Erectile Function. Variables on sociodemographics, risky lifestyles and comorbidities were obtained via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The prevalence was determined using complex sampling analysis, and logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors of ED. A sample of 2403 men aged ≥ 18 participated, with a moderate to severe ED prevalence was 31.6% (95% CI 28.8, 34.6). The mean (± SD) of the total score of IIEF-5 for overall respondents was 18.16 (± 4.13). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between moderate to severe ED among men aged 60 years and above, single or divorcee, men without formal, primary, and secondary education, non-government employees, unemployed, and retiree, as well as physically inactive men. Focused public health interventions are necessary to improve education in sexual health, increase health promotion programs, and promote healthy ageing across the population.
Modelling the longitudinal measurement of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatient follow-up in the northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Yoseph , Geremew Habtamu , Gashu Chalachew
Published: December 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a condition which can be prevented and treated and is characterized by difficulty of breathing that is not entirely curable. The overall objective of this study was to model the variation of longitudinal measurement over time for outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases at the University of Gondar referral hospital. From February 1, 2019, to February 1, 2022, a retrospective study of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was conducted in a hospital. The data was extracted from all patients' data records from the patient’s chart. The information includes the fundamental demographic and clinical details of each outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mixed linear model were used to investigate the determinant factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. From a total of 266 outpatients, Averages of the ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were 0.65, with a standard deviation of 0.043. Comorbidities (average = 2.18, 95% CI 0.43:3.9, P = 0.0133), HIV(average = 4.83, 95% CI 1.94:7.72, P = 0.0012), education (average = 2.98; 95% CI 0.75:4.8, P = 0.008), and weight (average = 0.178, 95% CI 0.045:0.311, P = 0.009) are risk factors for change in forced vital capacity. This study clearly shows that there is a high COPD prevalence in Ethiopia. The risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are the smoking status, comorbidities, HIV, education status of the patient, weight, and time of the visit.
Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and traceability analysis of organic matter in Shahe Reservoir (Beijing, China)
Authors: Wen Sun , Yang Zhang , Biao Peng , Jing Wang , Liu Dian
Published: December 2023

Shahe Reservoir is a key node in the upstream of the North Canal, and the water quality has gradually improved after the implementation of low water operation in 2018. The organic matter(OM) in the sediment decreased from 16.66 to 14.22%.In this study, the FI index and parallel factor method were used to investigate the traceability of OM and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Shahe Reservoir before and during low water level operation(LWLO), and the results showed that the terrestrial source fraction of OM in sediments was mainly related to organic-rich terrestrial plant residues carried by tributaries and overflows/outfalls during the rainy season, and the FI index indicated that the organic matter (OM) in the Shahe Reservoir before and during LWLO in each DOM in the area is derived from authigenic sources of autotrophic microorganisms, algae, etc. The parallel factor method shows that more than most of the pollutants in the DOM are input from endogenous sources and a small proportion of pollutants are input from exogenous sources. Nutrients in both sediment and interstitial water increased during the LWLO, with TN and TP levels increasing by 262.38 and 204.45 mg·kg−1 in sediment, NH4+–N, PO43−−P, TN and TP in interstitial water increasing by 0.98, 1.36, 2.07 and 4.33 mg·L−1, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that OM was significantly correlated with nutrients: OM and TN (p < 0.01) and OM and TP (p < 0.05) in the pre-LWLO; OM and TN and TP (p < 0.01) in the LWLO.The results suggested that organic matter pollution control should be mainly carried out from the perspective of endogenous input, focusing on controlling the release of nutrients in sediments.
Attachment discs of the diving bell spider Argyroneta aquatica
Authors: Schaber Clemens F. , Grawe Ingo , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: December 2023

To adhere their silk threads for the construction of webs and to fix the dragline, spiders produce attachment discs of piriform silk. Uniquely, the aquatic spider Argyroneta aquatica spends its entire life cycle underwater. Therefore, it has to glue its attachment discs to substrates underwater. Here we show that Argyroneta aquatica applies its thread anchors within an air layer around the spinnerets maintained by superhydrophobic setae. During spinning, symmetric movements of the spinnerets ensure retaining air in the contact area. The flat structure of the attachment discs is thought to facilitate fast curing of the piriform adhesive cement and improves the resistance against drag forces. Pull-off tests on draglines connected with attachment discs on different hydrophilic substrates point to dragline rupture as the failure mode. The Young´s modulus of the dragline (8.3 GPa) is within the range as in terrestrial spiders. The shown structural and behavioral adaptations can be the model for new artificial underwater gluing devices.
Enhancing the thermostability and activity of glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 via computational design
Authors: Go Seong-Ryeong , Lee Su-Jin , Ahn Woo-Chan , Park Kwang-Hyun , Woo Eui-Jeon
Published: December 2023

The diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1, derived from Stevia rebaudiana, plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of rebaudioside A, a natural sugar substitute. Nevertheless, its potential for industrial application is limited by certain enzymatic characteristics, notably thermostability. To enhance the thermostability and enzymatic activity, we employed a computational design strategy, merging stabilizing mutation scanning with a Rosetta-based protein design protocol. Compared to UGT76G1, the designed variant 76_4 exhibited a 9 °C increase in apparent Tm, a 2.55-fold increase rebaudioside A production capacity, and a substantial 11% reduction in the undesirable byproduct rebaudioside I. Variant 76_7 also showed a 1.91-fold enhancement rebaudioside A production capacity, which was maintained up to 55 °C, while the wild-type lost most of its activity. These results underscore the efficacy of structure-based design in introducing multiple mutations simultaneously, which significantly improves the enzymatic properties of UGT76G1. This strategy provides a method for the development of efficient, thermostable enzymes for industrial applications.
Three-dimensional non-Abelian Bloch oscillations and higher-order topological states
Authors: Pan Naiqiao , Chen Tian , Ji Tingting , Tong Xiaoxue , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: December 2023

Recently, higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) have been introduced, and were shown to host topological corner states under the theoretical framework of Benalcazar-Bernevig-Hughes. Here we unveil some topological effects in HOTIs by studying the three-dimensional (3D) non-Abelian Bloch oscillations (BOs). In HOTIs, BOs with a multiplied period occur when a force with a special direction is applied due to the effect of the non-Abelian Berry curvature. Along the direction of the oscillations we find a higher-order topological state that goes beyond the theoretical framework of multipole moments. The emergence of such a higher-order topological state coincides with the appearance of the 3D non-Abelian BOs. That is, the 3D non-Abelian BOs can be used as a tool to probe higher-order topological states. These phenomena are observed experimentally with designed electric circuit networks. Our work opens up a way to detect topological phases theoretically and experimentally.
Introduction
Authors: Song P. A. , Zhang Y. , Wen X.
Published: December 2023

Polymeric materials including natural and synthesised ones have been ubiquitously used in every corner of modern society because of their good chemical resistance, high specific strength, and excellent flaw tolerance. However, their organic composition and aliphatic chains make most of them highly flammable, which significantly restricts their real-world applications in industrial settings. For this reason, a variety of fire retardants (FRs) have been successfully developed to endow polymers with desired fire retardancy to meet the fire-retardant requirements in industry. Traditional fire retardants, such as halogenated FRs and organophosphate esters, can be harmful to our ecosystems and human and animal health despite their high efficiency in polymers. In addition, the production of fire retardants often involves the use of a large volume of organic solvents, which generates associated issues, such as the treatment of waste organic solvents. This has greatly catalyzed the development of green fire retardants and the green synthesis of fire retardants for polymeric materials to contribute to the creation of a sustainable society.
Green Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Fire Retardants
Authors: Maddalena Lorenza , Carosio Federico , Deng Cong , Hu Weizhao , Hu Yuan , Sai Ting , Fang Zhengping
Published: December 2023

This chapter presents the developments and the green synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid fire retardants such as the self-assembly of polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles from aqueous media, the functionalization of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) by various modification methods, and the flame retardant modification of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and the rare-earth/transition metal complex flame retardants. They are systematically expounded from their composition to their preparation as well as their applications. For each substrate, the best performing solutions are presented for analysing the main flame retardant mechanism while also providing a general comparison in terms of properties vs. processing efficiency.
An electron-donating system composed of a CIDS@CFO@F0C0 catalyst for the sustainable generation of free radicals to inactivate pathogens
Authors: Liu Meng , Su Lezhu , Wen Yujiao , Xu Fengjuan , Liu Lide , Wang Yifan , Guan Liqian , Zhou Zhi , Zhou Nan
Published: December 2023

We have developed a sufficient electron-donating system. With the presence of the two most active transition metals with multiple valences, several as-formed redox pairs can provide sufficient electrons to then generate free radicals.
Ductile adhesive elastomers with force-triggered ultra-high adhesion strength
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Demchuk Zoriana , Tian Jia , Luo Jiancheng , Li Bingrui , Cao Ke , Sokolov Alexei P. , Hun Diana , Saito Tomonori , Cao Peng-Fei
Published: December 2023

The on-demand adhesion enables a controlled delay between installation and curing so that these can take place under their individual ideal conditions, leading to the ultra-high adhesion force that exceeds the reported values for advanced ductile adhesive elastomers.
High-pressure observation of elusive iodoplumbic acid in different hydronium-hydrate solid forms
Authors: Sobczak Szymon , Fidelli Athena M. , Do Jean-Louis , Demopoulos George P. , Moores Audrey , Friščić Tomislav , Katrusiak Andrzej
Published: December 2023

High-energy conditions stabilize iodoplumbic acid in the form of hydronium acid hydrates. The high-pressure reaction of PbI2 and aqueous concentrated hydriodic acid led to two types of hydrated acids and revealed a new polymorph of lead(ii) iodide.
Response surface optimization of ionic liquid pretreatments for maximizing cellulose nanofibril production
Authors: Peng Xincheng , Zhu Deqin , Liu Jingjing , Wei Ligang , Liu Na , Wei Li , Shao Guolin , An Qingda
Published: December 2023

Pretreatments with aqueous protic ionic liquid (PIL)–ethanolamine bis(oxalate) ([MEA][(HOA)(H2OA)]), combined with ultrasonic disintegration, were employed in cellulose nanofibril (CNF) production from pulp fibers.
Effect of nano-Al2O3 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the anaerobic mono-digestion of sludge and the co-digestion of tobacco waste and sludge
Authors: Zhao Hongmei , Cheng Shibo , Zhao Congqi , Ruan Kejiang , Xu Junju , Cheng Xiaohong
Published: December 2023

Anaerobic digestion can help mitigate tobacco waste (TW) pollution. Both the mono-digestion of sludge and the co-digestion of TW and sludge were considered in this study.
Features of structure and optical properties GO and a GO/PVA composite subjected to gamma irradiation
Authors: Baghirov Mahammad Baghir , Muradov Mustafa , Eyvazova Goncha , Mammadyarova Sevinj , Gahramanli Lala , Aliyeva Gunel , Huseynov Elchin , Abdullayev Mahammadali
Published: December 2023

In this study, a modified Hummers' method was employed to prepare graphene oxide (GO), which was then mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer at varying weight concentrations (1 wt% and 5 wt%).
Templated-seeding renders tailored crystallization in perovskite photovoltaics: path towards future efficient modules
Authors: Zhang Jing , Mao Peng , Bi Weihui , Wang Bing , Li Yungui , Han Gaorong , Zhong Yufei
Published: December 2023

The utilization of templated seed crystals enables tailored crystallization in perovskite photovoltaic modules, advancing the potential for commercialization.
Structural design of asymmetric gradient alternating multilayered CNF/MXene/FeCo@rGO composite film for efficient and enhanced absorbing electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Ma Meng , Shao Wenqin , Chu Qindan , Tao Wenting , Chen Si , Shi Yanqin , He Huiwen , Zhu Yulu , Wang Xu
Published: December 2023

Asymmetrical and electromagnetic gradient multilayered CNF/MXene/FeCo@rGO composite film with efficient and enhanced absorbing EMI shielding property was constructed by alternating filtration of different dispersions.
Selecting dual atomic clusters supported on two-dimensional biphenylene with significantly optimized capability to reduce carbon monoxide
Authors: Wang Zhongwei , Yin Zhili , Gao Yan , Wang Haifeng , Gao Junfeng , Zhao Jijun
Published: December 2023

Four dual-atomic clusters supported on two-dimensional biphenylene were identified from 28 TM2@BPN candidates, which can surpass the activity benchmarks for metals and achieve efficient CORR.
Boron subnaphthalocyanine additive for multilocus passivation of defects towards efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhou Qin , Cai Chunsheng , Xiong Qiu , Sun Ping-Ping , Zhang Zilong , Wang Can , Li Chi , Ye Jingchuan , Shibayama Naoyuki , Yuan Zhongyi , Gao Peng
Published: December 2023

A novel boron subnaphthalocyanine derivative was introduced into the perovskite film to synchronously passivate the dual defects and modify the energetic positions at the perovskite/HTL interface, resulting an outstanding PCE and superior stability.
Can Playing a Game Improve Children's Speech Recognition? A Preliminary Study of Implicit Talker Familiarity Effects
Authors: Flaherty Mary M. , Price Rachael , Murgia Silvia , Manukian Emma
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The goal was to evaluate whether implicit talker familiarization via an interactive computer game, designed for this study, could improve children's word recognition in classroom noise. It was hypothesized that, regardless of age, children would perform better when recognizing words spoken by the talker who was heard during the game they played.

Method:

Using a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design, this study examined the impact of short-term implicit voice exposure on children's word recognition in classroom noise. Implicit voice familiarization occurred via an interactive computer game, played at home for 10 min a day for 5 days. In the game, children (8–12 years) heard one voice, intended to become the “familiar talker.” Pre- and postfamiliarization, children identified words in prerecorded classroom noise. Four conditions were tested to evaluate talker familiarity and generalization effects.

Results:

Results demonstrated an 11% improvement when recognizing words spoken by the voice heard in the game (“familiar talker”). This was observed only for words that were heard in the game and did not generalize to unfamiliarized words. Before familiarization, younger children had poorer recognition than older children in all conditions; however, after familiarization, there was no effect of age on performance for familiarized stimuli.

Conclusions:

Implicit short-term exposure to a talker has the potential to improve children's speech recognition. Therefore, leveraging talker familiarity through gameplay shows promise as a viable method for improving children's speech-in-noise recognition. However, given that improvements did not generalize to unfamiliarized words, careful consideration of exposure stimuli is necessary to optimize this approach.
Polyclonal selection for abiotic stress tolerance in Arinto: Implications in yield and quality of the must
Authors: Carvalho Luísa , Pinto Teresa , Cammisano Alessandro , Cid João , Faísca-Silva David , Miguel Costa J. , Amâncio Sara , Martins Antero , Gonçalves Elsa
Published: December 2023

The valorisation of genetic variability through the identification suitable genotypes for traits such as yield and must quality is an effective strategy used for grapevine selection. Currently, climate change-driven heat waves and drought affect plant growth and wine quality, but little information is available on intravarietal variability regarding responses to stress. In the current work, the intravarietal genetic variability of the Portuguese variety Arinto was studied for yield, must quality, and tolerance to abiotic stress. An innovative approach using rapid, and nondestructive measurements of surface leaf temperature (SLT), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), and chlorophyll content (SPAD), was used in an experimental population of 165 clones of Arinto installed according to a resolvable row-column design with 6 replicates. Also, yield and quality characteristics of the must were quantified. Linear mixed models were fitted to the data, and the empirical best linear unbiased predictors (EBLUPs) of genotypic effects for each trait were obtained as well as the coefficient of genotypic variation (CVG) and broad sense heritability. The results enabled the selection of a group of genotypes with increased tolerance to stress, which maintained the must quality of Arinto.
Inteligencia artificial y visión por ordenador para evaluar los componentes del rendimiento de la vid en viñedos comerciales
Authors: Íñiguez Rubén , Poblete-Echeverría Carlos , Hernández Inés , Gutiérrez Salvador , Barrio Ignacio , Tardáguila Javier
Published: December 2023

La estimación del rendimiento es muy importante para la industria vitivinícola, ya que proporciona información útil para la gestión de viñedos y bodegas. Los efectos del cambio climático, como el aumento de las temperaturas y la menor disponibilidad de agua, pueden afectar a los componentes del rendimiento del viñedo. En general, la previsión tradicional del rendimiento se basaba en el recuento manual y destructivo de los racimos y el peso de las bayas. Los métodos convencionales no proporcionan una estimación precisa y son lentos, caros y laboriosos. En este estudio, se utilizaron métodos novedosos que emplean tecnologías digitales como el uso de la detección próxima, la visión por ordenador y la inteligencia artificial para la estimación del rendimiento en viñedos comerciales. La visión por ordenador se utilizó para la detección automática de diferentes características del dosel y para la calibración de ecuaciones de regresión para la predicción del rendimiento por cepa. La inteligencia artificial se utilizó para el recuento automático de racimos. Los resultados mostraron que el algoritmo de aprendizaje profundo fue capaz de detectar racimos con una alta precisión. En conclusión, nuestros resultados demostraron la aplicabilidad de estos nuevos métodos para evaluar los componentes del rendimiento en viñedos comerciales.
Ecoresilienza della vite: Effetti della potatura tardiva sulle uve e sui vini di Grillo e Frappato in Sicilia
Authors: Sparacio Antonio , Sparla Salvatore
Published: December 2023

The effects of climate change on the cycle of plants are indisputable, in fact one of the most evident reactions to the increase in temperatures is the shortening of the duration of the phenological phases which, moreover, occur considerably earlier than in the past. A postponement of the winter pruning date (i.e. to 2/3 extended leaves) seems to be a fairly promising tool to slow down the accumulation of sugars in the berries, delay ripening and widen the time window suitable for harvesting. A two-year trial was set up to verify the effect of late pruning on the viticultural and oenological characteristics of the Grillo and Frappato vines, typical native Sicilian varieties. The winter pruning was carried out in the month of December, the delayed one in the month of April when the apical shoots of the shoots were in the BBCH-12 phase and had 2/3 extended leaves. At the harvest, the sugars, the titratable acidity and the pH of the must were analyzed on a sample of one hundred berries obtained by sampling the test plants. The surveys also concerned the vegetative-productive aspects of the two varieties; moreover, in the two-year period, double microvinification tests were carried out for the theses in question.
Bunch protection techniques against thermal increase linked to climate change
Authors: Pascual Sergio Ibáñez , Gómez Luis Rivacoba
Published: December 2023

Increases in temperature and solar radiation, associated with climate change, can cause damage to the berry that causes processes of discoloration, dehydration, cracking or raisining, which can have a negative impact on the oenological potential of the harvest. This damage is called “sunburn” and occurs with some frequency in sensitive varieties such as Graciano. In order to mitigate these impacts, a shading technique has been proposed using protection nets that try to prevent the bunches from receiving excessive sun exposure. The experience shown in this work has been carried out during the years 2021 and 2022, using nets with shading capacity of 50% and 70%. The results have shown that the nets have significantly reduced the temperature of the bunch, also avoiding damage from sunburn. Besides, the organic acid content of the must has reached slightly higher values in the treatments with netting, compared to the control, but not significantly. In wine, the polyphenolic load has shown a variable behavior depending on the year, possibly conditioned by the variations in yield linked to the sunburn. The tasting panel has shown a certain inclination towards the wines from the net treatments in both campaigns.
The science behind beverage flavors: The role of pH and amylase enzyme in the human mouth
Authors: João Santos Maria , Mota João , Correia Elisete , Vilela Alice
Published: December 2023

The chemical composition of alcoholic beverages plays a crucial role in their flavor, and the interaction with the chemistry of the mouth, particularly saliva, further shapes the sensory experience. Saliva's pH and enzyme activity can affect the chemical balance of the drink, and therefore, the taste and aroma perceived by the taster. This study examined the influence of saliva on the pH and α-amylase activity of alcoholic beverages, through a potentiometer and enzymatic kits respectively, and how this affected their sensory profile, through the performance of a Descriptive Analysis (DA) sensory test. The results showed that the pH values of the drinks were altered after contact with saliva, with brandies showing an increase in pH and wines showing a decrease. Additionally, the α-amylase activity was found to be influenced by the presence of acids, ethanol, and tannins in the drink. These observations suggest that the chemical composition of the drink and the saliva can impact the sensory experience. Further studies can help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this interaction and how it varies across different types of beverages and individuals through sensitive enzyme kits.
Organoleptic characterization of wines in contact with oak wood fragments immersed in plasma activated water (PAW)
Authors: González-Arenzana Lucía , López Rosa , Escribano-Viana Rocío , Larreina Beatriz , Garijo Patrocinio , Gutiérrez Ana Rosa , Santamaría Pilar , Olarte Carmen , Alba-Elías Fernando , González-Marcos Ana , Sainz-García Elisa , Sainz-García Ana , Múgica-Vidal Rodolfo , Muro-Fraguas Ignacio , López-Alfaro Isabel
Published: December 2023

Oak barrels are a valuable material for wine ageing, although their difficult cleaning and disinfection favours microbiological contamination causing wine quality depreciation. Atmospheric pressure cold plasma is a suitable technique to reduce microbiota, but there is little research on its impact on the nutritional and sensory characteristics of foods. The aim of this study was to analyse the organoleptic characteristics of red wines in contact with plasma-activated waters (PAW) treated wood, of different origins and toasting levels. These red wines were compared with others that had been in contact with two types of control wood; some immersed in distilled water and others subjected to sulphur dioxide combustion. The results showed that oak wood treated with PAW did not cause defects at the olfactory and gustatory level of the red wines, which presented good harmony, sufficient body and balanced fruity and spicy notes, sometimes even superior to those described for red wines in contact with control wood (sulphited or submerged in distilled water). Therefore, the treatment of the wood with PAW did not have a negative impact on the sensory quality of the wines, regardless of the origin and toasting of the wood.
Wine dealcoholization using new method for low temperature nitrogen assisted distillation
Authors: Stoyanov Nikolay , Nenov Nenko , Mitev Panko
Published: December 2023

New InnoSolv llc. device for low temperature nitrogen assisted distillation was used for wine dealcoholization. The method approved by virtue of collaboration of InoSolv Ltd and UFT include evaporation of alcohol and other volatiles at a temperature not exceeding 32 °C in entirely nitrogen atmosphere. The three regime of wine treatment were used, reducing alcohol level of the treated wine respectively up to 9.80 (regime A); 5.85 (regime B) and 2.75 vol.% (regime C) starting from 14.15 vol.% of the initial wine. More than 80.0% of the esters of the initial wine remain in the treated wine in regime A. The volatiles such as esters, higher alcohols and aldehydes as well as some individual specific volatile compounds were determined in the treated wines and in the separated distillates. The presence of suspended particles does not interfere the proper operation of the installation and device can be used for wines during theirs fermentation. The system and method for offer gentle regimes wine treatment and low operating costs thanks to heat pump incorporation. There is not requirement for steam consumption and cooling water compared to alternative methods. The system is fully closed, without venting outside which is substantial for aroma preservation.
Technological confirmation that low doses of medium chain fatty acids can arrest alcoholic fermentation to produce sweet wines in milder conditions
Authors: Oana Antoce Arina , Adrian Cojocaru George , Baniţă Cornel , Filofteia Diguţă Camelia
Published: December 2023

The usual technology for sweet white wine production requires the cessation of the alcoholic fermentation before its completion by lowering the temperature in the fermentation tank under 8-10 °C, racking the wine off the lees and adding high doses of sulphur dioxide, usually 150 mg/L or more. This process is energy-consuming and can end up introducing more sulphur dioxide in the wine than in the case of dry wine production. An alternative method for stopping the alcoholic fermentation and producing wines with natural residual sugar is the treatment of the fermenting must with medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), immediately after a racking off the lees. In this industrial trial 10 mg/l MCFAs were used, in the form of octanoic acid, decanoic acid or 1:1 mixture, respectively, in combination with a low dose of SO2 (60 mg/L). The treatments were performed at the normal temperature used in white wines for a controlled alcoholic fermentation (15 ºC), without decreasing the temperature any further. A control wine variant was also produced by applying the classical technology with temperature reduction at 8 ºC and addition of 150 mg/L SO2. All the variants were prepared in triplicate, at industrial scale, in 1000 L stainless steel tanks. The must, obtained from Tămâioasă românească grapes with an initial sugar content of 261 g/L, was inoculated with ERSA 1376 yeast. The results showed that all the treatments applied when the concentration of alcohol reached about 11.0% v/v were able to stop the fermentative process in 50 hours and produce wines with about 55-57 g/L residual sugar and a final alcohol concentration of about 11.7% v/v. The microbiological analyses carried out on solid DRBCA medium to detect the viable yeast, expressed as colony forming units (CFU/mL), showed some differences between the classical technology for sweet wine production and the alternative treatments with MCFAs. At the moment of fermentation interruption, the active yeasts population in wine was on average of 1.98 ± 0.23 x 107 CFU/mL, in all tanks. After the fermentation stopped, no viable yeasts were detected in the limpid wines above the lees, irrespective of the treatment. In the wine sediments of MCFAs-treated variants a few viable yeasts/mL were still detected, while in the lees of control wines no viable yeast was present. Anyway, racking the wines with MCFAs-stopped fermentation from the lees will prevent any possibility of refermentation. The main advantages of these alternative treatments with MCFAs are that they do not require a reduction of temperature from 15 ºC to 8 ºC and, especially, that they necessitate a much lower dose of SO2 (in this case 60 mg/L instead of 150 mg/L).
Use of fumaric acid on must or during alcoholic fermentation
Authors: Davaux François , Cottereau Philippe , Dubernet Matthieu
Published: December 2023

Fumaric acid has been approved by OIV for the use on wine in 2021. This practice consists in treating wines with fumaric acid to inhibit malolactic fermentation by controlling the growth and activity of lactic acid bacteria. Doses between 300 and 600 mg/L are recommended. Fumaric acid during fermentation is metabolized mainly into malic acid. It could be interesting to use the addition of fumaric acid for acidification by increasing the presence of malic acid (L) at the end of alcoholic fermentation and to participate in the blocking of malolactic fermentation during fermentation. Its use would reduce the risks of unwanted or too early malolactic fermentation, especially in the case of vinification without or with few sulfites.

Trials were conducted by IFV in partnership with Dubernet Laboratories at pilot level, with the main grape varieties from different regions of France, and in red, white, and rosé vinification. The fumaric acid modality was compared to acidification modalities by malic acid and/or tartaric acid with additions in identical concentration in equivalent per liter (20 meq/L or 1.5 g/L expressed in tartaric acid). A test under cellar conditions (under derogation art 4 - reg N° 934/2019) was also carried out by the Dubernet laboratory in the case of vinification in carbonic maceration.
Etiquetado digital en el sector vitivinícola: Trazabilidad, transparencia e información al consumidor
Authors: Hernández Ángel Sánchez , de Jubera Higuero Beatriz Sáenz
Published: December 2023

Implantar la trazabilidad a fin de identificar, no sólo el origen, sino también otros aspectos del producto agroalimentario “seguro”, además de contribuir al adecuado funcionamiento del mercado interior y constituir un instrumento de la Administración para controlar el cumplimiento de los requisitos legales en el ámbito agroalimentario, garantiza el derecho del consumidor a estar informado veraz, eficaz y suficientemente respecto del origen y de otras características esenciales, vg. del vino, a efectos de tomar la decisión más completa y libre de consumirlo o no. La indicación en el etiquetado de los atributos intrínsecos que otorgan la calidad a un vino, aporta mucho valor al consumidor, quien presta atención a la información precisa que recibe referida a la indicación de origen geográfico del vino -DOP e IGP-, así como de sus propiedades intrínsecas relevantes diferenciales, todo lo cual aporta valor y confianza para el consumidor en el vino de calidad. La digitalización en el sector del vino constituye un instrumento que, además de posibilitar el cumplimiento a la normativa vigente sobre etiquetado, ayuda a mejorar la competitividad, la rentabilidad y a reducir la huella medioambiental apostando por mejorar la eficiencia en la utilización de los escasos recursos naturales.
Estilbenos como una alternativa sostenible al anhídrido sulfuroso en vinos
Authors: Gutiérrez-Escobar Rocío , Puertas Belén , Jesús Jiménez Hierro María , José Aliaño-González María , Medrano-Padial Concepción , Pichardo Silvia , Richard Tristan , Cantos-Villar Emma
Published: December 2023

El anhídrido sulfuroso (SO2) es el conservante más empleado en la industria agroalimentaria y enológica por sus propiedades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas. Sin embargo, también es un alérgeno que puede provocar problemas de salud en personas sensibles a él. Por otra parte, la madera de poda procedente de los viñedos es uno de los principales subproductos de la industria vitivinícola, con un volumen estimado entre 2 y 4 toneladas por hectárea y año. Este subproducto vitícola contiene polifenoles, entre otros estilbenos bioactivos con propiedades saludables. En el presente trabajo se ha elaborado y caracterizado un extracto puro de estilbenos obtenido a partir de madera de poda de la vid, para utilizarlo como alternativa sostenible al SO2 en la elaboración de vinos blancos y rosados. Se evaluó el impacto del extracto sobre la calidad de los vinos (parámetros enológicos, color, compuestos fenólicos y perfil sensorial) tanto en el embotellado y a los doce meses del embotellado. En paralelo se evaluó la posible toxicidad del extracto. Los resultados obtenidos concluyen que el extracto puro de estilbenos, obtenido a partir de madera de poda de la vid, puede proponerse como alternativa natural y sostenible al empleo de SO2 en la vinificación de vinos blancos y rosados. Además, el extracto no mostró toxicidad ni in vitro ni in vivo.
A numerical investigation of a plane solar air heater
Authors: Nath Ankita , Dabi Maryom , Teyi Nabam
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on evaluating the thermal performance of a flat plate solar air heater (SAH) as a key component for harnessing solar thermal energy. The SAH operates by capturing solar energy and utilizing it to heat the air, making it an economically viable, environmentally friendly, and straightforward renewable energy system. MATLAB software is utilized to analyze various performance parameters, such as thermal efficiency, absorber plate area, convective heat transfer coefficient, mass flow rate, insulation thickness, side loss and bottom loss coefficients, and collector efficiency. A specific dimensional model is used for analysis. The influence of these performance parameters on the efficiency of the SAH is explored. Finally, it concludes with some final remarks and proposes work for future advancements for continued study on solar air heaters.
Enhanced behavior of solar stills with modified absorber surfaces: Comparative analysis of floating wick designs
Authors: Kannakumar K. , Manikandan P. , Ravivarman G. , Sivalingam A. , Moorthy A. Anandha , Karthik M. , Girimurugan R.
Published: December 2023

Different shaped floating wick (FW) material in the basin improved the efficacy of a single slope solar still (SS). Thermocol is used to support a basin in which cotton wicks are suspended. The three forms of modified solar stills (MSS) are analyzed, each with a unique absorber geometry. Absorber surfaces in the MSS-RCT (Rectangular teeth), MSS-ITT (Isosceles Triangular teeth), and MSS-HCT (Half-circular teeth) configurations are made up of FW layers. These improved designs are far more efficient and effective than the Conventional solar still (CSS). All MSS absorber surfaces produce more potable water than the CSS experiment does for the bulk of the workday. The MSS-HCT process achieved a maximum daily yield that was on par with that of the other modified stills and a 68 % increase in daily yield compared to the CSS process.
Analyzing The Roadblocks of Green Hydrogen Energy Deployment: DEMATEL-Based Approach
Authors: Trivedi Vibha , Gharib Moaz
Published: December 2023

In the present era, carbon emissions are experiencing a global upsurge. The greenhouse gas emissions are required to be brought down to net zero levels to attain environmental sustainability, with more reliance on renewable energy sources. To attain this, the role of green hydrogen generation becomes relevant in the realm of renewable energy. However, the storage and logistics of green hydrogen are complex and are inhibited by several challenges. This study systematically examines the interrelationships and influences among various roadblocks faced by the green hydrogen sector and offers a comprehensive analysis of the complex relationships between the key challenges by utilizing the DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) approach. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted barriers and provide a structured framework for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders.
Green Hydrogen for Karnataka: Regional Solutions for a Clean Energy Future
Authors: Dixit Arun C. , B C Ashok , S A Mohan Krishna , B Harshavardhan
Published: December 2023

This research paper explores Karnataka's pivotal role in the global transition to green hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution. While historically reliant on conventional energy sources, Karnataka's abundant renewable resources, including solar and wind potential, position it as a frontrunner in the green hydrogen revolution. The paper identifies and addresses challenges across technical, economic, regulatory, and infrastructure domains, offering innovative solutions and policy recommendations. It underscores the establishment of regional hydrogen clusters tailored to sectors like transportation, grid stability, industry, fuelling networks, rural electrification, and sustainable agriculture. From transforming transportation in Mangalore to driving industrial advancements in Belagavi, Karnataka's regional clusters offer tailored solutions for unique energy needs. The integration of green hydrogen into agriculture and irrigation practices in Kolar exemplifies the state's commitment to eco-friendly farming and sustainable development. Karnataka's visionary approach to green hydrogen not only demonstrates its dedication to environmental sustainability but also positions it as a pioneering player in the green hydrogen landscape, driving innovation, economic growth, and a clean energy future.