bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A grass–legume cover crop maintains nitrogen inputs and nitrous oxide fluxes from an organic agroecosystem
Authors: Bressler Alison , Blesh Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Legume cover crops are central to an ecological nutrient management approach that can reduce nitrogen (N) losses from agriculture. Diversifying cropping systems with a legume–grass cover crop mixture could further reduce N losses by increasing soil N assimilation and synchronizing N mineralization with N uptake by the following crop. We established four winter cover crop treatments (crimson clover, cereal rye, clover–rye mixture, and weedy fallow control) in an organic grain agroecosystem that had been managed for 30 years with a legume cover crop as the only external N source. We hypothesized that the legume–grass mixture would provide similar inputs of biologically fixed N2 compared with the sole legume, while reducing N2O emissions during decomposition following tillage. We measured cover crop aboveground biomass C:N and clover N2 fixation, soil inorganic N and N2O fluxes throughout the corn growing season following cover crop tillage, and corn N assimilation at harvest. Even with a reduced clover seeding rate in mixture, the clover and mixture treatments had similar fixed N inputs, litter N and C:N, and no differences in cumulative N2O emissions. During the first peak flux, N2O emissions were 2–5 times higher in clover and mixture relative to rye and fallow, with no differences between clover and mixture. There were no treatment differences at the second N2O peak, which followed the first major rain event. We contextualized these findings by calculating a 6‐year partial N mass balance for this agroecosystem, which was slightly negative (−6.8 ± 0.8 kg N ha−1 year−1) when accounting for historical mean annual N2O emissions and nitrate leaching. Overall, N inputs and harvested N exports were approximately in balance for this legume‐based crop rotation, suggesting that the legacy of ecological nutrient management has promoted efficient N cycling. However, results from our field experiment indicate that short‐term N2O flux rates following cover crop incorporation can be high even for a legume–grass mixture. Additional strategies to reduce soil disturbance are therefore needed to further tighten N cycling in organic grain agroecosystems.
Time required for prophylactic oral care in head and neck cancer patients scheduled for radiotherapy: A single center, prospective cohort study
Authors: Bhandari Sudhir , Wadhwa Soni Bhavita , Gupta Ankita , Ghoshal Sushmita
Published: February 2023

Background

Prophylactic oral care (POC) before radiotherapy (RT) is an adjunct but an integral process toward preparing patients for RT, however, time to be invested in POC remains unexplored.

Methods

Prospective treatment records were maintained in head and neck cancer patients, who received POC following a standardized protocol with definite timelines. Data collected for oral treatment time (OTT), interruption in RT due to oro‐dental issues, future extraction(s), and incidence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) up to 18 months after treatment were analyzed.

Results

Three hundred thirty‐three patients, 275 males and 58 females, mean age 52.45 ± 11.2 years were included. Mean OTT was 21.0 ± 6.2 days and was influenced significantly with the number of extractions (p < 0.00). There was no interruption in RT schedule due to oro‐dental issues. Five patients were diagnosed with ORN.

Conclusion

Performing POC as demonstrated aid in timely removal of nidus of infection(s), perform RT as scheduled, and maintain satisfactory oral health through the survivorship of patients.
Using virtual reality to study the effect of information redundancy on evacuation effectiveness
Authors: Wang Zihao , Rebelo Francisco , He Renke , Vilar Elisângela , Noriega Paulo , Zeng Jiayu
Published: February 2023

The International Organization for Standardization evacuation alarm (ISO 8201: 2017) is ineffective in initiating evacuation, particularly when people are engaged in pre‐evacuation activities, and it is not easy to conduct experiments for evaluating evacuation behavior due to ethical and cost issues. A virtual building emergency where alarms went off while participants were performing activities was created to study the effect of redundancy on evacuation effectiveness. Three alarms were studied: (i) a regular nonverbal ISO alarm, (ii) a speech‐inserted ISO alarm, and (iii) a technology‐based ISO alarm concept (sound, visual, and haptic information). Evacuation behavior, perceived urgency, and delay time were measured. Results confirmed the effect of redundancy on measurements, and participants complied better with the speech‐inserted and technology‐based alarms, but there were no differences in evacuation effectiveness between them. Participants perceived higher urgency from the technology‐based solution, which can be more adaptive in complicated environments where background noise and language/education barriers are problems. Otherwise, the speech‐inserted alarm is more cost‐effective.
Exploring the recovery of a large wetland using black-necked swan blood parameters and body condition 16 years after a pollution-induced disturbance
Authors: Rodríguez-Jorquera Ignacio A. , Lenzi Javier , Maturana Mario , Biscarra Gabriela , Ruiz Jorge , Navedo Juan G.
Published: February 2023

Resilience theory has taken center stage in tackling the challenge of wetland recovery on a fast-changing planet. Because of waterbirds' enormous dependence on wetlands, their numbers have long been used as surrogates for wetland recovery over time. However, immigration of individuals can mask actual recoveries at a given wetland. One alternative to expanding the knowledge of wetland recovery is the use of physiological parameters from aquatic organism populations. We explored the variations in the physiological parameters of black-necked swan (BNS) before, during, and after a 16-year period of a pollution-induced disturbance that originated in a pulp-mill wastewater discharge. This disturbance triggered the precipitation of iron (Fe) in the water column of the Río Cruces Wetland in southern Chile, one of the main sites for the global population of BNS Cygnus melancoryphus. We compared our recent (2019) original data (body mass index [BMI], hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, blood enzymes, and metabolites) with available datasets from the site obtained before the pollution-induced disturbance (2003) and immediately after the disturbance (2004). Results indicate that, 16 years after the pollution-induced disturbance, some important parameters of animal physiology did not return to their pre-disturbance state. For instance, BMI, triglycerides, and glucose were significantly higher in 2019 than in 2004, right after the disturbance. By contrast, the hemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in 2019 than in 2003 and 2004, and uric acid was 42% higher in 2019 than in 2004. Our results demonstrate that, despite higher BNS numbers with larger body weights present in 2019, the Río Cruces wetland has only partially recovered. We suggest that the impact of megadrought and wetland disappearance far from the site results in high rate of swan immigration, casting uncertainty about using the number of swans alone as honest indicators of wetland recovery after a pollution disturbance. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:663–675. © 2023 SETAC
Reduced Peak Bone Mass in Young Adults With Low Motor Competence
Authors: Tan Jocelyn , Ng Carrie-Anne , Hart Nicolas H. , Rantalainen Timo , Sim Marc , Scott David , Zhu Kun , Hands Beth , Chivers Paola
Published: February 2023

Although suboptimal bone health has been reported in children and adolescents with low motor competence (LMC), it is not known whether such deficits are present at the time of peak bone mass. We examined the impact of LMC on bone mineral density (BMD) in 1043 participants (484 females) from the Raine Cohort Study. Participants had motor competence assessed using the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development at 10, 14, and 17 years, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at 20 years. Bone loading from physical activity was estimated from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at the age of 17 years. The association between LMC and BMD was determined using general linear models that controlled for sex, age, body mass index, vitamin D status, and prior bone loading. Results indicated LMC status (present in 29.6% males and 21.9% females) was associated with a 1.8% to 2.6% decrease in BMD at all load-bearing bone sites. Assessment by sex showed that the association was mainly in males. Osteogenic potential of physical activity was associated with increased BMD dependent on sex and LMC status, with males with LMC showing a reduced effect from increasing bone loading. As such, although engagement in osteogenic physical activity is associated with BMD, other factors involved in physical activity, eg, diversity, movement quality, may also contribute to BMD differences based upon LMC status. The finding of lower peak bone mass for individuals with LMC may reflect a higher risk of osteoporosis, especially for males; however, further research is required. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Synthesis of microgel‐reinforced double network hydrogel adsorbent and its adsorption on heavy metals
Authors: Chen Yao , Wang Tingfeng , Liu Jianting , Huang Jianmin , Zhou Guiyin , Hu Shunqin
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

The incompletely polymerized microgels play a crucial role during the formation of hydrogel. In this paper, a microgel (synthesized using Paecilomyces lilacinus and N‐isopropylacrylamide) was used as a cross‐linking agent to synthesize agar/poly (acrylamide‐co‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) double‐network (DN) hydrogel (NH2‐MRDN), which was further modified by triethylenetetramine. The physical and chemical properties of NH2‐MRDN were studied by SEM, FTIR, TGA, XPS, universal testing machine, and adsorption method.

RESULTS

The NH2‐MRDN has excellent mechanical properties and contains many hydroxy and amino groups. Adsorption experiments show that the NH2‐MRDN has better adsorption performance at pH 4 ~ 7 and that the interference ion has little effect on adsorption at low concentrations. In addition, the Kd for Pb(II) always had the highest values both in single component and mixed component for selective adsorption. The adsorption capacity values calculated by Langmuir model were 182.23 mg g−1 for Pb(II) and 118.36 mg g−1 for Cd(II), and they reached equilibrium in 160 and 240 min, respectively. Further, the mechanism and thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process mainly relies on the hydroxyl and amine group, making it a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process.

CONCLUSION

The NH2‐MRDN hydrogel reinforced by microgel overcame the poor stability of conventional adsorbents, and this is expected to provide a new method for the synthesis of hydrogel adsorbents. Meanwhile, this work supplies a theoretical basis and empirical evidence for the application and development of high polymer adsorbents. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Is someone looking over my shoulder? An investigation into supervisor monitoring variability, Subordinates' daily felt trust, and well‐being
Authors: Zheng Xiaotong (Janey) , Nieberle Karolina W. , Braun Susanne , Schyns Birgit
Published: February 2023

Remote working has become the new norm in organizations. However, little is known about how supervisors' monitoring affects their relationships with subordinates in remote work settings. Our research aims to enhance the understanding of the daily dynamics of monitoring and trust between supervisors and subordinates. Based on self‐determination theory, we propose a multilevel theoretical model predicting that supervisors' daily monitoring affects the extent to which subordinates feel trusted by their manager (“felt trust”) and their subsequent daily exhaustion and vigor. Further, we develop the novel concept of supervisor monitoring variability and test its role in these relationships. We conducted two experience sampling method (ESM) studies (N = 191, 1,417 data points for Study 1; N = 257, 2,244 data points for Study 2) in different hybrid work contexts. Multilevel analysis findings confirmed that daily monitoring was negatively associated with daily felt trust, which in turn had a negative impact on subordinates' daily well‐being in both contexts. Furthermore, we found that monitoring variability intensified the negative relationship between daily supervisor monitoring and subordinates' daily felt trust in the newly introduced remote working context, although not in a more stable context. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings and derive a research agenda to study the daily dynamics of monitoring and its implications for organizations.
Combining different biomarkers to distinguish Chemlali virgin olive oils from different geographical areas of Tunisia
Authors: Lazzez Aida , Quintanilla‐Casas Beatriz , Vichi Stefania
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Despite their high potential, Tunisian virgin olive oils (VOOs) are mainly exported in bulk or blended with VOOs of other origin, hindering their international market placement. To face this situation, their valorization is needed by highlighting their unique features and by developing tools to guarantee their geographical authenticity. Compositional features of Chemlali VOOs produced in three Tunisian regions were assessed to identify suitable authenticity markers.

RESULTS

Quality indices ensured the quality of the VOOs studied. Volatile compounds, total phenols, fatty acid (FA) and chlorophylls are significantly influenced by the region of origin, which was justified by the differences found in soil and climatic conditions of the three geographical regions. To explore the capabilities of these markers for the geographical authentication of Tunisian Chemlali VOOs, classification models based on partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were developed by grouping the minimum number of variables allowing the highest discrimination power, minimizing in this way the analytical procedure. The PLS‐DA authentication model based on combining volatile compounds with FA or with total phenols achieved a correct classification of 95.7% of the VOOs according to their origin, as assessed by 10%‐out cross‐validation. Sidi Bouzid Chemlali VOOs achieved 100% of correct classification, while the misclassification between Sfax and Enfidha ones did not exceed 10%.

CONCLUSIONS

These results allowed to establish the most promising and affordable combination of markers for the geographical authentication of Tunisian Chemlali VOOs from distinct production regions and provide the basis to further develop authentication models based on wider datasets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of 14 terpenoids and sterols and variety discrimination of Codonopsis Radix using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Wen , Xu Xu , Tang Zhuoshi , Guo Yina , Fei Dongqing , Yan Na , Hu Fangdi
Published: February 2023

Recently, we confirmed that the 95% ethanol‐extracted fraction of Codonopsis Radix, which contains several triterpenoids and sterols, possesses pharmacological activities. However, due to the low content and diverse types of triterpenoids and sterols, their similar structures, lack of ultraviolet absorption, and difficulty in obtaining controls, few studies have so far assessed their contents in Codonopsis Radix. We accordingly constructed an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry technique for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 14 terpenoids and sterols. Separation was performed on the Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid (A) and 0.1% formic acid in methanol (B) as mobile phase under gradient elution. The determination coefficients for each of the matrix calibration curves were ≥0.9925. The average recovery ranged from 81.25% to 118.05%, with relative standard deviations of <4%. The contents of 14 components in 23 batches were quantified and further analyzed through chemometrics. Linear discriminant analysis can distinguish sample varieties. The quantitative analysis method can accurately determine the contents of 14 components and thereby provide the chemical basis for the quality control of Codonopsis Radix. It also could be a valuable approach for the classification of different Codonopsis Radix varieties.
Distribution and clinical features of lymphomas involving skin in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Lin , Chang Su‐Wei , Lee Julia Yu‐Yun , Chen Tsai‐Yun , Chen Chien‐Chin , Chu Chia‐Bao , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Chang Kung‐Chao
Published: February 2023

A wide variety of primary and secondary lymphoma types involves the skin. However, reports with comparisons between both groups are limited in Taiwan. We retrospectively enrolled all cutaneous lymphomas and evaluated their clinicopathologic features. There were 221 cases of lymphoma: 182 (82.3%) primary and 39 (17.7%) secondary. Mycosis fungoides was the most common primary T‐cell lymphoma, 92 (41.7%) cases, followed by CD30‐positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders including lymphomatoid papulosis (n = 33, 14.9%) and cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (n = 12, 5.4%). The most frequent primary B‐cell lymphomas were marginal zone lymphoma (n = 8, 3.6%) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), leg type (n = 8, 3.6%). DLBCL including variants was the most common secondary lymphoma involving skin. Most primary lymphomas presented at low‐stage (T‐cell, 86%; B‐cell, 75%), whereas the majority of secondary lymphomas presented at high‐stage (T‐cell, 94%; B‐cell, 100%). Patients with secondary lymphomas had an older mean age, more frequent B symptoms, lower serum albumin and hemoglobin, and a higher frequency of atypical lymphocytes in blood than those with primary lymphomas. In primary lymphomas, older age, lymphoma types, decreased lymphocyte counts and atypical lymphocytes in blood were poorer prognostic factors. In secondary lymphoma patients, lymphoma types, high serum lactate dehydrogenase and low hemoglobin levels predicted poorer survival. We found that the distribution of primary cutaneous lymphomas in Taiwan mirrors that of other Asian countries but shows some differences as compared with Western countries. Primary cutaneous lymphomas have a better prognosis than secondary lymphomas. Histologic classification of lymphomas highly correlated with disease presentation and prognosis.
Mining activities accelerate the decomposition of organic matter from aquatic ecosystems through soil microbes
Authors: Liu Run , Yang Yinghui , Zhou Zeyan , Shen Jiachen , Tian Xingjun
Published: February 2023

Mining activities have been shown to affect the rate of carbon decomposition in aquatic ecosystems by altering the traits of the organic matter (e.g., leaf litter). However, the ecological function of soil microbes that enter aquatic ecosystems in association with organic matter is not known. Here, standardized cotton strip assays (CSA) were used to quantify the effects of soil microbial colonization location (mine vs. forest riverbank) and time (7 days vs. 14 days) on cellulose decomposition in aquatic ecosystems. The CSA results showed that the mine riverbank location and microbial colonization time had significant effects on the microbial community structure, microbial biomass, and functional genes of cellulose decomposition. Compared with the forest riparian zone, the fungal biomass and bacterial cellulose‐decomposing gene (GH48) abundance of cotton strips colonized in the mine riparian zone for 14 days were 12.5‐times and 54.93‐times higher than that of the cotton strips colonized in the forest riparian zone, respectively, while the fungal cellulose‐decomposing gene (cbhI) was detected only after 14 days of colonization. After 90 days of stream incubation, the decomposition rate and GH48 gene abundance of cotton strips colonized in the mine riparian zone for 14 days were significantly higher than those of cotton strips colonized in the forest riparian zone. However, the abundance of the cbhI gene in cotton strips colonized for 14 days was significantly higher than that in cotton strips colonized for 7 days. These results show that bacteria were mainly affected by the microbial colonization environment, while fungi were mainly affected by colonization time. Mining activities accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in aquatic ecosystems by increasing soil fungal biomass and bacterial cellulose decomposition genes. To reduce the carbon loss of aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to study the potential influence of soil microbes on the decomposition of organic carbon in riparian zones.
Enhancement of RegCM4.7‐CLM precipitation and temperature by improved bias correction methods over Central Africa
Authors: Mbienda A. J. Komkoua , Guenang G. M. , Kaissassou S. , Tanessong R. S. , Choumbou P. C. , Giorgi F.
Published: February 2023

Precipitation and temperature projections from Regional Climate Models (RCMs) over Central Africa (CA) are of great importance. However, several studies have already shown that the data from RCMs cannot be directly used for climate impact studies on a local scale because of systematic biases that characterize them. Therefore, RCM simulations must be preprocessed in order to make them more representative of climate at a local scale. The present study focuses on improving temperature and precipitation simulations from the RegCM4.7 RCM over CA. For this purpose, two correction methods are used: The adjusted Linear Scaling and Variance (Va) methods. Corrected and uncorrected precipitation and near‐surface temperature are compared with Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) and the fifth generation of ECMWF reanalysis data (ERA5), respectively. Comparison of the performances of both methods was made during various seasons not only over the whole CA region but also over two sub‐domains (Zones 1 and 2) having different characteristics. This was done on the basis of the mean bias and Root Mean Square Error. Results show that the precipitation from RegCM4 is tainted with huge wet biases compared to CHIRPS. Overall, the analysis suggests that the Va method is the most suitable for reducing the biases of RegCM4.7 simulations, particularly for precipitation irrespective of regions or seasons. However, it has been found that both methods fail to improve temperature biases in the Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone.
Molecular pathogenesis of a novel Met394Thr variant causing hemophilia B
Authors: Lu Linna , Wang Lingyu , Shen Wukang , Fang Shuai , Zhao Lidong , Hu Xuchen , Yang Linhua , Wang Gang
Published: February 2023

Background

Hemophilia B (HB), a rare bleeding disorder, shows X‐linked recessive inheritance and is caused by heterogeneous variants in the FIX gene (F9) encoding coagulation factor IX (FIX). This study aimed to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of a novel Met394Thr variant causing HB.

Methods

We used Sanger sequencing to analyze F9 sequence variants in members of a Chinese family with moderate HB. Subsequently, we performed in vitro experiments on the identified novel FIX‐Met394Thr variant. In addition, we performed bioinformatics analysis of the novel variant.

Results

We identified a novel missense variant (c.1181T>C, p.Met394Thr) in a Chinese family with moderate HB in the proband. The proband's mother and grandmother were carriers for the variant. The identified FIX‐Met394Thr variant did not affect the transcription of F9 and the synthesis and secretion of FIX protein. The variant may, therefore, affect the physiological function of FIX protein by disrupting its spatial conformation. In addition, another variant (c.88+75A>G) in intron 1 of F9 was identified in the grandmother, which may also affect FIX protein function.

Conclusion

We identified FIX‐Met394Thr as a novel causative variant of HB. Further understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying FIX deficiency may guide novel strategies for precision HB therapy.
Dynamic stabilization for a cascaded beam PDE–ODE system with boundary disturbance
Authors: Mei Zhan‐Dong
Published: February 2023

We are concerned with the dynamic stabilization for a cascaded Euler–Bernoulli beam (EBB) partial differential equation (PDE)–ordinary differential equation (ODE) system subject to boundary control and matched internal uncertainty and external disturbance. State feedback stabilization of such system without disturbance has been recently discussed by X.H. Wu, H. Feng (Sci China Inf Sci, 2022, 65(5): 159202). An infinite‐dimensional disturbance estimator is constructed in order to estimate the total disturbance. By compensating the total disturbance, we design a state observer to trace the state and then an estimated state and estimated total disturbance‐based output feedback control law. It is proved that the original system is exponentially stable, and other states of the closed‐loop are bounded. Some numerical simulations are presented.
Phenolic resin microspheres surface‐modified with sodium silicate for reducing fire hazard in TPU composites
Authors: Wang Yaxuan , Zhang Yanli , Feng Tingting , Teng Anqi , Ren Jinyong , Piao Junxiu , Wang Yaofei , Jiao Chuanmei , Chen Xilei
Published: February 2023

In this article, a sodium silicate surface‐modified phenolic resin microsphere (SSMPHM) was prepared to reduce the fire hazard of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The characterization results demonstrated that sodium silicate was successfully deposited on the surface of the phenolic resin microsphere (PHM). The results of the combustion test demonstrated that the introduction of SSMPHM remarkably reduced the fire hazard of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites (e.g., ∼66.0% and 77.0% decline in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and smoke factor (SF) at 4 wt% content (TPU/SSM‐4)). At the same time, the peak value of COP reduced from 0.029 to 0.009 g s−1 compared with TPU. The results of condensed phase analysis demonstrated that compared with TPU, the char residue layer of TPU/SSM‐4 was relatively dense and continuous. In addition, mechanical performance tests showed that SSMPHM could make up for the loss of mechanical performance caused by PHM. The work provides new insights into modifying PHM for effectively reducing the fire hazard of TPU.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of psychosocial interventions for immigrant and limited English proficient cancer patients
Authors: Lui Florence , Lewicka Malwina , Bao George C. , Moyer Anne , Boyce Lindsay , Leng Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Objective

Immigrants, particularly those who are less acculturated and limited English proficient (LEP), often lack access to culturally and linguistically appropriate psychosocial care in cancer survivorship. We sought to determine what psychosocial interventions are available for immigrant and/or LEP cancer patients and to assess treatment and patient factors that may correlate with better psychosocial outcomes for this population.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies published through August 2022 of interventions conducted with immigrant and/or LEP cancer patients aimed at improving psychosocial outcomes (i.e., quality of life, depression, cancer‐related distress, and anxiety). Using Covidence, a software program for systematic review management, four independent raters screened 16,123 records with a systematic process for reconciling disagreement, yielding 48 articles (45 studies) for systematic review and 21 studies for meta‐analysis.

Results

Most studies were conducted with Spanish‐speaking patients with breast cancer. Study participants (N = 5400) were primarily middle‐aged (mean = 53 years old), female (90.0%), and Hispanic (67.0%). The weighted average effect size (g) across studies was 0.14 (95% CI 0.03–0.26) for quality of life (18 studies), 0.04 (95% CI −0.08 to 0.17) for depression (8 studies), 0.14 (95% CI −0.03 to 0.31) for cancer‐related distress (6 studies), and 0.03 (95% CI −0.11 to 0.16) for anxiety (5 studies).

Conclusion

The interventions under review had small but beneficial effects on psychosocial outcomes for immigrant and LEP cancer patients. Notably, effect sizes were smaller than those found in previous meta‐analyses of psychosocial interventions conducted in majority U.S.‐born, non‐Hispanic White, English‐speaking cancer patient samples. More research is needed to identify key components and adaptations of interventions that benefit immigrant and LEP cancer patients to strengthen their effects for this growing yet underserved population.
Total flavonoid extract from Dracocephalum moldavica L. improves pulmonary fibrosis by reducing inflammation and inhibiting the hedgehog signaling pathway
Authors: He Cheng‐Hui , Lv Jia‐Min , Khan Ghulam Jilany , Duan Hong , Wang Wei , Zhai Ke‐Feng , Zou Guo‐An , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: February 2023

Dracocephalum Moldavica L. is a traditional herb for improving pharynx and relieving cough. However, the effect on pulmonary fibrosis is not clear. In this study, we explored the impact and molecular mechanism of total flavonoid extract from Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) on bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Lung function testing, lung inflammation and fibrosis, and the related factors were detected by the lung function analysis system, HE and Masson staining, ELISA, respectively. The expression of proteins was studied through Western Blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence while the expression of genes was analyzed by RT‐PCR. The results showed that TFDM significantly improved lung function in mice, reduced the content of inflammatory factors, thereby reducing the inflammation. It was found that expression of collagen type I, fibronectin, and α‐smooth muscle actin was significantly decreased by TFDM. The results further showed that TFDM interferes with hedgehog signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of Shh, Ptch1, and SMO proteins and thereby inhibiting the generation of downstream target gene Gli1 and thus improving pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusively, these findings suggest that TFDM improve pulmonary fibrosis by reducing inflammation and inhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathway.
Reliability modeling of competing failure processes with multi‐stage degradation
Authors: Li Long , Yu Tianxiang , Shang Bolin , Song Bifeng , Chen Yijian
Published: February 2023

In this paper, reliability models of competing failure processes for the product subject to degradation and random shocks are established, which are accompanied by degradation path slope change caused by specific shock patterns. The two related failure modes are hard failure arising from different random shocks, and soft failure due to consecutive structure damage or combined with a sudden increment of degradation because of an identical random shock. In sophisticated equipment like aircraft engine systems, the degradation path of performance parameters is characterized by multi‐stages when the product is more prone to fatigue or accelerated aging, as a consequence of experienced shocks. This article analyzes five random shock patterns that can change the slope of the degradation path and studies an example to explain the application of proposed reliability models as well as the sensitivity analysis of parameters.
Limonene: A scented and versatile tropospheric free radical deactivator
Authors: Francisco‐Márquez Misaela , Galano Annia
Published: February 2023

The reactions of limonene with various free radicals (•OCH3, •OBr, •SH, •OOH, and •OOCH3) were investigated along the 273.15–312.15 K temperature range. To that purpose the density functional theory was used, at the M06‐2X/6–311+g(d,p) level. Two reaction mechanisms, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and radical adduct formation (RAF) were considered. It was found that the relative reactivity of the studied radicals toward limonene is: •SH > •OBr > •OCH3 > •OOH > •OOCH3. HAT was identified as the dominant mechanism for •OOH and •OOCH3, while RAF contributes the most to the reactions involving •OCH3, •OBr, and •SH. The obtained Arrhenius expressions are: k(•OCH3) = 1.58 × 10−13 e−1.59/RT, k(•OBr) = 3.55 × 10−12 e+1.82/RT, k(•SH) = 3.30 × 10−11 e+0.79/RT, k(•OOH) = 1.33 × 10−15 e−5.99/RT, and k(•OOCH3) = 5.88 × 10−17 e−6.26/RT. According to them, the reactions of •OBr and •SH become slower as temperature rises from 273.15 to 312.15 K, while for the other radicals the reactions rate increases with temperature. The subsequent tropospheric fate of the most abundant •OBr adduct was also investigated in the same temperature range, considering O2 addition to this radical (step 2) and the reaction of the peroxyl radical yielded in this step 2 with NO. The latter is predicted to take place in two steps: the NO addition (3a) and the NO2 elimination (3b). The corresponding Arrhenius expression are k2 = 3.56 × 10−15 e+1.43/RT and k3b = 1.35 × 1014 e−31.65/RT. Step 3a was found to be barrierless. To our best knowledge, all the data provided here is reported for the first time. Thus, it would hopefully contribute to enhance the knowledge necessary for the full understanding (and accurate modeling) of the troposphere.
A Nature‐Inspired Separator with Water‐Confined and Kinetics‐Boosted Effects for Sustainable and High‐Utilization Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Qin Hongyu , Chen Wenjian , Kuang Wei , Hu Nan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Weng Haofan , Tang Huan , Huang Dan , Xu Jing , He Huibing
Published: February 2023

Uncontrollable dendrite growth and sluggish ion‐transport kinetics are considered as the main obstacles for the further development of high‐performance aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Here, a nature‐inspired separator (ZnHAP/BC) is developed to tackle these issues via the hybridization of the biomass‐derived bacterial cellulose (BC) network and nano‐hydroxyapatite particles (HAP). The as‐prepared ZnHAP/BC separator not only regulates the desolvation process of the hydrated Zn2+ ions (Zn(H2O)62+) by suppressing the water reactivity through the surface functional groups, alleviating the water‐induced side‐reactions, but also boosts the ion‐transport kinetics and homogenize the Zn2+ flux, resulting in a fast and uniform Zn deposition. Remarkably, the Zn|Zn symmetric cell with ZnHAP/BC separator harvests a long‐term stability over 1600 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2 and endures stable cycling over 1025 and 611 h even at a high depth of discharge (DOD) of 50% and 80%, respectively. The Zn|V2O5 full cell with a low negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio of 2.7 achieves a superior capacity retention of 82% after 2500 cycles at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, the Zn/HAP separator can be totally degraded within 2 weeks. This work develops a novel nature‐derived separator and provides insights in constructing functional separators toward sustainable and advanced AZIBs.
Effect of Al Content in Steel on Interfacial Interaction between Molten Steel and MgO Substrate
Authors: Lao Yigui , Gao Yunming , Yuan Cheng , Li Guangqiang
Published: February 2023

The apparent contact angles between the molten steel with different [Al] contents (w[Al]) from 0.002% to 0.831% (mass fraction) and the microporous MgO (MM) substrates are measured at 1823 K using the sessile drop method. In particular, the contact angles of No. 1 (w[Al] = 0.002%) and No. 5 (w[Al] = 0.831%) molten steels gradually increase with time at the initial stage. As w[Al] increases from 0.002% to 0.831%, the transformation route of interfacial products between molten steel and the MM substrate is MgO–FeO → MgO·Al2O3 → CaO·2Al2O3 + MgO·Al2O3. The w[Al] of No. 1 molten steel is small, and the dissolution of CaO·ZrO2(s) in the substrate is mainly affected by FeO. As w[Al] increases gradually, [Al] consumes the (MgO) contained in CaO·MgO·SiO2 (CMS), and turns the CMS into (CaO·SiO2) slag layer, which promotes the CaO·ZrO2(s) dissolving and thus increasing the interaction area percentage. When w[Al] is 0.831%, [Al] can react with (CaO·SiO2) slag layer or CaO·ZrO2(s) to form CaO·2Al2O3(s).
Development of a Method for Evaluating Elderly Mobility Functions Using Acceleration Sensors in Smartphones
Authors: Sawada Haruka , Fushiki Ryoma , Nakajima Haruna , Yueru Zhou , Akiyama Yoko , Fujita Kazuki , Sato Fuminobu
Published: February 2023

Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a condition in which a person's mobility is impaired due to musculoskeletal disorders caused by aging or lack of exercise, signaling an imminent need for primary nursing care. This study aims to develop a smartphone application that can distinguish the LS stage in a safe, simple, and quantifiable manner. Using a six‐axes accelerometer built into the smartphone, acceleration and angular velocity data were collected from elderly subjects performing alternating one‐legged stances at intervals of 2.66 s. Frequency analysis was then performed with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and an autocorrelation coefficient to compare the data characteristics of subjects with and without LS. Due to huge individual variances, significant differences were not observed between LS and non‐LS, and discriminating the LS stage using frequency analysis was considered difficult in the present study. In contrast, the autocorrelation coefficient showed significant differences between LS and non‐LS in acceleration and angular velocity in specific directions. Using the autocorrelation coefficient of acceleration and angular velocity data to detect the presence of LS was concluded to be effective. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Charge imbalance resolved Rényi negativity for free compact boson: Two disjoint interval case
Authors: Gaur Himanshu , Yajnik Urjit A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we study the symmetry decomposition of Rényi negativity into charge imbalance sectors for the 1+1 dimensional free compact boson field with a global U(1) symmetry in the ground state for the case of two disjoint intervals. We obtain multicharged and charged Rényi negativity moments by computing the four-point correlator of flux-generating vertex operators on the Riemann surface. We then obtain charge imbalance resolved Rényi negativity by taking the Fourier transform of the charged moments. Finally, we match our results against the tight-binding model as a numerical check.
Searching for a single photon from lightest neutralino decays in R-parity-violating supersymmetry at FASER
Authors: Dreiner Herbi K. , Köhler Dominik , Nangia Saurabh , Wang Zeren Simon
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In this work, we propose a search for a single photon at FASER and FASER2, produced from decays of bino-like, sub-GeV lightest neutralinos in the theoretical framework of the R-parity-violating (RPV) Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We consider a list of representative benchmark scenarios with one or two non-vanishing RPV couplings. The photon has an energy 𝒪(0.1) − 𝒪(1) TeV. We find a sensitivity reach for RPV couplings beyond the current bounds by orders of magnitude at FASER and FASER2.
Axion-like particles as mediators for dark matter: beyond freeze-out
Authors: Bharucha A. , Brümmer F. , Desai N. , Mutzel S.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We consider an axion-like particle (ALP) coupled to Standard Model (SM) fermions as a mediator between the SM and a fermionic dark matter (DM) particle. We explore the case where the ALP-SM and/or the ALP-DM couplings are too small to allow for DM generation via standard freeze-out. DM is therefore thermally decoupled from the visible sector and must be generated through either freeze-in or decoupled freeze-out (DFO). In the DFO regime, we present an improved approach to obtain the relic density by solving a set of three stiff coupled Boltzmann equations, one of which describes the energy transfer from the SM to the dark sector. Having determined the region of parameter space where the correct relic density is obtained, we revisit experimental constraints from electron beam dump experiments, rareBandKdecays, exotic Higgs decays at the LHC, astrophysics, dark matter searches and cosmology. In particular, for our specific ALP scenario we (re) calculate and improve beam dump, flavour and supernova constraints. Throughout our calculation we implement state-of-the-art chiral perturbation theory results for the ALP partial decay width to hadrons. We find that while the DFO region, which predicts extremely small ALP-fermion couplings, can probably only be constrained by cosmological observables, the freeze-in region covers a wide area of parameter space that may be accessible to other more direct probes. Some of this parameter space is already excluded, but a significant part should be accessible to future collider experiments.
On supersymmetric multipole ratios
Authors: Ganchev Bogdan , Mayerson Daniel R.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Four-dimensional supersymmetric black holes are static and so have all vanishing multipoles (except the mass monopole). Nevertheless, it is possible to define finite multipole ratios for these black holes, by taking the ratio of (finite) multipoles of supersymmetric multicentered geometries and then taking the black hole scaling limit of the multipole ratios within these geometries. An alternative way to calculate these multipole ratios is to deform the supersymmetric black hole slightly into a non-extremal, rotating black hole, calculate the multipole ratios of this altered black hole, and then take the supersymmetric limit of the ratios. Bena and Mayerson observed that for a class of microstate geometries, these two a priori completely different methods give spectacular agreement for the resulting supersymmetric black hole multipole ratios. They conjectured that this agreement is due to the smallness of the entropy parameter for these black holes. We correct this conjecture and give strong evidence supporting a more refined conjecture, which is that the agreement of multipole ratios as calculated with these two different methods is due to both the microstate geometry and its corresponding black hole having a property we call “large dipole”, which can be interpreted as their center of mass being far away from its apparent center.
Normalization of D instanton amplitudes in two dimensional type 0B string theory
Authors: Chakravarty Joydeep , Sen Ashoke
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We compute the normalization of the D-instanton amplitudes in type 0B string theory in two dimensions and find perfect agreement with the dual matrix model result.
A Weak-Type Expression of the Orlicz Modular
Authors: Křepela Martin , Mihula Zdeněk , Soria Javier
Published: February 2023

An equivalent expression of Orlicz modulars in terms of measure of level sets of difference quotients is established. The result in a sense complements the famous Maz’ya–Shaposhnikova formula for the fractional Gagliardo–Slobodeckij seminorm and its recent extension to the setting of Orlicz functions.
Complications and revisions in anatomic and reverse short stem shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Loew Markus , Schnetzke Marc , Kappes Sophia , Bruckner Thomas , Nolte Anna-Katharina
Published: February 2023

Introduction

One current trend in the field of shoulder arthroplasty is a design shift to shorter and metaphyseal fixed humeral stem components. The aim of this investigation is to analyze complications resulting in revision surgery after anatomic (ASA) and reverse (RSA) short stem arthroplasty. We hypothesize that complications are influenced by the type of prosthesis and indication for arthroplasty.

Materials and methods

A total of 279 short stem shoulder prostheses were implanted by the same surgeon (162 ASA; 117 RSA), and 223 of these prostheses were implanted as primary procedures; in 54 cases, arthroplasty was performed secondary to prior open surgery. Main indications were osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 134), cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) (n = 74) and posttraumatic deformities (PTr) (n = 59). Patients were evaluated at 6 weeks (follow-up 1; FU1), 2 years (FU2) and the time span of the last follow-up defined as FU3 with a minimum FU of 2 years. Complications were categorized into early complications (within FU1), intermediate complications (within FU2) and late complications (> 2 years; FU3).

Results

In total, 268 prostheses (96.1%) were available for FU1; 267 prostheses (95.7%) were available for FU2 and 218 prostheses (77.8%) were available for FU3. The average time for FU3 was 53.0 months (range 24–95). A complication leading to revision occurred in 21 prostheses (7.8%), 6 (3.7%) in the ASA group and 15 (12.7%) in the RSA group (p < 0.005). The most frequent cause for revision was infection (n = 9; 42.9%). After primary implantation, 3 complications (2.2%) occurred in the ASA and 10 complications (11.0%) in the RSA group (p < 0.005). The complication rate was 2.2% in patients with OA, 13.5% in CTA and 11.9% in PTr.

Conclusions

Primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty had a significantly higher rate of complications and revisions than primary and secondary anatomic shoulder arthroplasty, respectively. Therefore, indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty should be critically questioned in each individual case.
Early treatment response as predictor of long-term outcome in a clinical cohort of children with ADHD
Authors: Houmann Tine Bodil , Kaalund-Brok Kristine , Clemmensen Lars , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Bilenberg Niels , Verhulst Frank , Jeppesen Pia ,   INDICES, Rasmussen Henrik Berg , Bjerre Ditte , Madsen Majbritt Busk , Ferrero Laura , Linnet Kristian , Thomsen Ragnar , Jürgens Gesche , Stage Claus , Stefansson Hreinn , Hankemeier Thomas , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Brunak Søren , Taboureau Olivier , Nzabonimpa Grace Shema , Houmann Tine , Jeppesen Pia , Kaalund-Brok Kristine , Hansen Peter Riis , Kristensen Karl Emil , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Plessen Kerstin , Hansen Poul-Erik , Zhang Wei , Werge Thomas
Published: February 2023

This study investigates early onset of treatment response as predictor of symptomatic and functional outcome 3 years after initiation of methylphenidate (MPH) administration in a naturalistic, clinical cohort of children and adolescents with ADHD. Children were followed across an initial 12-week MPH treatment trial and after 3 years, with ratings of symptoms and impairment. Associations between a clinically significant MPH treatment response in week 3 (defined as ≥ 20% reduction in clinician-rated symptoms) and in week 12 (defined as ≥ 40% reduction), and 3-year outcome were tested in multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for sex, age, comorbidity, IQ, maternal education, parental psychiatric disorder, and baseline symptoms and function. We did not have information on treatment adherence or the nature of treatments beyond 12 weeks. 148 children, mean age 12.4 years (range 10–16 years), 77% males, participated in the follow-up. We found a significant decrease in symptom score from baseline [M = 41.9 (SD = 13.2)] to 3-year follow-up [M = 27.5 (SD = 12.7), p < 0.001, and in impairment score from baseline (M = 41.6 (SD = 19.4)] to 3-year follow-up [M = 35.6 (SD = 20.2), p = 0.005]. Treatment responses in week 3 and week 12 were significant predictors of the long-term outcome of symptoms, but not of impairment at 3-year follow-up, when adjusting for other well-known predictors. Early treatment response predicts long-term outcome over and above other well-known predictors. Clinicians should follow-up patients carefully, during the first months of treatment, and detect non-responders, since there might be a window of opportunity to alter the outcome, by changing the treatment strategy.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT04366609, April 28, 2020 retrospectively registered.