bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the influence of wavy leading edge on the noise and aerodynamic performance of an axial-flow fan
Authors:   School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Zhang Liangji , Lian Jianxin ,   School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Tong Hang ,   School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Qiao Weiyang ,   School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chen Weijie ,   1.School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University； 2.Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero- Engine
Published: February 2024

A numerical simulation of the axial fan blade with wavy leading edge was carried out to study the influence on the performance and noise generation of the axial fan. Firstly, taking a single-stage axial fan as the research object, a method combined Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) and the penetrable surface sound source integration method(AApsd) is used to calculate the flow field and sound field. During the study, it was found that after the amplitude of wavy leading edge stator exceeds 18mm, increasing the amplitude would not significantly improve the noise reduction. Further study found that the wavy leading edge stator configuration could effectively reduce the amplitude and correlation of unsteady load on the leading edge of the stator. However, the wavy leading edge stator causes additional noise source near the suction plane trough, and its intensity is closely related to the amplitude of the wavy leading edge stator. Finally, the mechanization of additional noise sources is explained.
Numerical Investigations on the Dynamical Behaviours of Flickering Buoyant Diffusion Flames in Externally Rotating Flows
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Yang Tao , Ma Yuan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Zhang* Peng ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong
Published: February 2024

The flicker of a buoyant diffusion flame in rotating flows is computationally investigated, particularly focusing on the flame dynamical behaviors in a large rotating intension range. Diffusion flames are produced computationally and imposed in different rotating flows, which are generated by four wing walls. In the quiescent environment, the flicker frequency follows a scaling law of 𝑓~_√𝑔/_𝐷. With the rotating intension 𝑅 _enhancing, the buoyancy-induced oscillation becomes faster first and vanished finally. In the weakly rotating flow, the present computational and theoretical results show that the frequency increase correlates with 𝑅2_. When 𝑅 _is large, the local extinguishing causes the flame lift-off at the bottom. In the present study, six distinct flame modes including flickering, oscillating, steady, spiral, lifted, and vortex-bubble flames are found in the various rotating conditions. To further study the dynamical behaviors of different flame modes, phase portraits, as an invaluable tool, are illustrated.
Orthodontic Retreatment of a Supraerupted Maxillary Central Incisor with Removable Appliance- A Case Report
Authors: Vijayan Ravisankar , V. P. Latheef , James Jayan
Published: February 2024

Orthodontic relapse can be unsightly if it occurs in the upper central incisor region such as space re-opening or extrusion which readily takes the attention of the patient. The following is a case report of management of a single upper incisor extrusion occurred as a result of relapse following breakage of fixed lingual retainer with the patient still wearing a Hawley’s appliance. Since the patient did not want retreatment with fixed appliance and wished a quick, cost effective management, the case was treated utilizing the same retainer he has been wearing along with a single attachment on the labial surface of the extruded incisor. The incisors got leveled within a month.

Key Words: Intrusion, Removable appliance, Re-treatment, Supra-eruption
Temporomandibular Disorders in Dental Students ofIndia: Prevalence, Severity and Associated Factors
Authors: Jaiswal Esha , Deshpande Saee
Published: February 2024

Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term embracing all the problems regarding the temporomandibular joint and related musculoskeletal structures. The literature shows wide-ranging variation in TMD prevalence and TMD symptoms in different populations. Various factors have been associated with TMDs and the relationship varies according to different researchers.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and severity of TMD in dental students in India and assess their relationship with stress, parafunction, tooth wear, occlusion, dental history using Fonseca’s Index.
Results: in the studied population there was 38% prevalence with majority having mild TMD and it was more common in females. There was a significant relationship between stress, parafunction, occlusal interferences and TMD.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis, treatment and patient education is needed to prevent disease progression in this young population.

Keywords
Fonseca's anamnestic index, parafunction, stress, TMJ pain,Temporomandibular disorders
Odontogenic Keratocyst with Dysplastic Changes: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Thomas Nirupa , Thomas Priya , George Eldhose , Peter Joji
Published: February 2024

Dyspalstic changes within the lining of an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is rare. In this report, we describe a case in which epithelial lining of a mandibular OKC showing dysplastic features. We include the associated histopathological features, and review the literature relevant to this uncommon occurrence.

Key words: Dysplastic features, Histopathology,Odontogenic keratocyst
Rehabilitation of an auricular defect by using 3d printing technology- A case report
Authors: Gajbhiye Vijeta , Banerjee Rajlakshmi Sujoy
Published: February 2024

Ear prosthesis is viewed as the most complicated replacement in maxillofacial reconstruction. The advent of advanced innovation in maxillofacial prosthesis has permitted the development of accurate anatomical models. The development of a mirror image is challenging as the traditional technique relies upon technician skills. This rehabilitation of maxillofacial defect restore normalcy to the patient's face and restores their self-esteem and the capacity to work and interact in a social atmosphere, allowing them the confidence required to survive in society.

Keywords: 3D printing, Ear Prosthesis, Maxillofacial Defect, Rehabilitation, Retentive Aids
Comparative evaluation of Tooth Surface Abrasiveness of Herbal and Non-herbal Toothpaste
Authors: Kumari Diya , Tandon Vaibhav , Medhi Dikshita , Sharma Dharitri
Published: February 2024

Background:Abrasion is the mechanical wearing of dental hard tissue and commonly affects cervical tooth structure. The major predisposing factors for abrasion are the tooth brushing method and the type of toothpaste used; most toothpaste contains abrasive agents for cleaning, maintaining, and improving tooth health. There are two types of toothpaste commercially available; synthetic and herbal formulations. Synthetic toothpaste typically contains abrasive agents, such as calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, silica or hydrated silica for removing debris and stains. High amounts of abrasives in toothpaste may damage hard and soft tissues and dental restorations, leading to gingival recession, cervical abrasion and dentinal hypersensitivity. This study investigates the abrasive effect of herbal toothpaste compared with non-herbal toothpaste.

Methods:Three hundred patients were randomly selected who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Subjects participating in this study were equally divided into two groups. Group A: PatanjaliDantKanti toothpaste, Group B: Close Up gel. Each person's presence and type of cervical defect will be diagnosed using the tooth wear index (TWI).

Results:Statistically significant difference was observed in the value of enamel abrasion between Group A and B (p<0.05). The statistical analysis used in this study was one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Conclusions:The least enamel abrasion was observed in Close up tooth gel compared with Patanjali toothpaste.

Keywords: cervical abrasion; herbal; non-herbal; toothpaste
Autotransplantation - A changing concept in replacing missing teeth in
young children: An overview
Authors: Veronica Gunde , Sarika Gundigopuram , Satyadeepthi Chittajallu , Saikiran Kanamarlapudi Venkata
Published: February 2024

Autotransplantation is the surgical repositioning of a tooth within the same patient. It can be thought of as a controlled avulsion and re-implantation of a tooth in a new, surgically prepared socket. The indications, factors affecting the success, clinical procedure and prospects have been discussed.

Keywords:Auto transplantation, missing teeth, root development
Current concepts of autism spectrum disorder: A literature review
Authors: Gaur Malhar , Dave Bhavna
Published: February 2024

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication with a restricted range of repetitive activities and behaviors. It is comprised of Autism, PDD-NOS, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and Rett syndrome. Lifestyle of ASD children is commonly associated with poor oral hygiene, pica, self-injurious habits and oral diseases. Various modalities of dental therapy such as tell-show-do technique, visual pedagogy and sensory adaptation have been advocated to enable better examination of ASD children.

Keywords- Autism spectrum disorder, disability, communication, oral health status, visual pedagogy
Periodontal Management of Granuloma Gravidarum Using Diode Laser- A Case Report with
6 months Follow-up
Authors: Rani Pavithra , R. Poornima , Chithresan Koshy , Janakiraman Srihari
Published: February 2024

Pregnancy tumour, also known as granuloma gravidarum is a type of pyogenic granuloma. It commonly occurs in pregnant women with fair to poor oral hygiene. It presents as an erythematous, exophytic, painless sessile or pedunculated overgrowth that bleeds readily on slightest provocation. It mainly affects the gingiva, although it can also be found in places that experience regular trauma, such as the lower lip, tongue, oral mucosa, and palate. The growth usually appears around or after the third month of pregnancy and has the potential to grow quickly and become enormous, necessitating surgical excision. The current case report highlights the successful management of a pregnancy tumour using diode laser and six-months follow-up of the patient revealed no recurrence of the lesion.
Keywords: Diode, Gingival Overgrowth, Laser, Pregnancy, Pyogenic Granuloma
Minimizing acetate formation from overflow metabolism in Escherichia coli: comparison of genetic engineering strategies to improve robustness toward sugar gradients in large-scale fermentation processes
Authors: Gecse Greta , Labunskaite Rugile , Pedersen Margit , Kilstrup Mogens , Johanson Ted
Published: February 2024

Introduction:Escherichia coli, a well characterized workhorse in biotechnology, has been used to produce many recombinant proteins and metabolites, but have a major drawback in its tendency to revert to overflow metabolism. This phenomenon occurs when excess sugar triggers the production of mainly acetate under aerobic conditions, a detrimental by-product that reduces carbon efficiency, increases cell maintenance, and ultimately inhibits growth. Although this can be prevented by controlled feeding of the sugar carbon source to limit its availability, gradients in commercial-scale bioreactors can still induce it in otherwise carbon-limited cells. While the underlying mechanisms have been extensively studied, these have mostly used non-limited cultures. In contrast, industrial production typically employs carbon-limited processes, which results in a substantially different cell physiology.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of different metabolic engineering strategies with the aim to reduce overflow metabolism and increase the robustness of an industrial 2’-O-fucosyllactose producing strain under industrially relevant conditions.

Methods: Three distinct metabolic engineering strategies were compared: i) alterations to pathways leading to and from acetate, ii) increased flux towards the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and iii) reduced glucose uptake rate. The engineered strains were evaluated for growth, acetate formation, and product yield under non-limiting batch conditions, carbon limited fed-batch conditions, and after a glucose pulse in fed-batch mode.

Results and Discussion: The findings demonstrated that blockage of the major acetate production pathways by deletion of the pta and poxB genes or increased carbon flux into the TCA cycle by overexpression of the gltA and deletion of the iclR genes, were efficient ways to reduce acetate accumulation. Surprisingly, a reduced glucose uptake rate did not reduce acetate formation despite it having previously been shown as a very effective strategy. Interestingly, overexpression of gltA was the most efficient way to reduce acetate accumulation in non-limited cultures, whereas disruption of the poxB and pta genes was more effective for carbon-limited cultures exposed to a sudden glucose shock. Strains from both strategies showed increased tolerance towards a glucose pulse during carbon-limited growth indicating feasible ways to engineer industrial E. coli strains with enhanced robustness.
Tuning the antimicrobial activity of microbial glycolipid biosurfactants through chemical modification
Authors: Pala Melike , Castelein Martijn G. , Dewaele Camille , Roelants Sophie L. K. W. , Soetaert Wim K. , Stevens Christian V.
Published: February 2024

Sophorolipids, glycolipid biosurfactants derived from microorganisms such as Starmerella bombicola, possess distinctive surface-active and bioactive properties, holding potential applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and bioremediation. However, the limited structural variability in wild-type sophorolipids restricts their properties and applications. To address this, metabolic engineering efforts have allowed to create a portfolio of molecules. In this study, we went one step further by chemically modifying microbially produced sophorosides, produced by an engineered S. bombicola. Twenty-four new sophoroside derivatives were synthesized, including sophoroside amines with varying alkyl chain lengths (ethyl to octadecyl) on the nitrogen atom and their corresponding quaternary ammonium salts. Additionally, six different microbially produced glycolipid biosurfactants were hydrogenated to achieve fully saturated lipid tails. These derivatives, along with microbially produced glycolipids and three benchmark biosurfactants (di-rhamnolipids, alkyl polyglucosides, cocamidopropyl betaine), were assessed for antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast (Candida albicans). Results indicated that microbially produced glycolipids, such as bola sophorosides, acidic sophorolipids and acidic glucolipids exhibit selective antimicrobial activity against the test organisms. Conversely, lactonic sophorolipids, sophoroside amines and quaternary ammonium salts display a broad antimicrobial activity. N-octyl, N-dodecyl and N-octadecyl derivatives exhibit the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations, ranging from 0.014 to 20.0 mg mL−1. This study demonstrates the potential synergy of thoughtful biotechnology and targeted chemistry to precisely tailor glycolipid biosurfactants to meet specific requirements across applications.
The spatiotemporal domains of natural climate solutions research and strategies for implementation in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Chafe Oriana E. , Broz Adrian P. , Levenson Eric S. , Farinacci Michael D. , Anderson Riley O. , Silva Lucas C. R.
Published: February 2024

Natural climate solutions have been proposed as a way to mitigate climate change by removing CO2 and other greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and increasing carbon storage in ecosystems. The adoption of such practices is required at large spatial and temporal scales, which means that local implementation across different land use and conservation sectors must be coordinated at landscape and regional levels. Here, we describe the spatiotemporal domains of research in the field of climate solutions and, as a first approximation, we use the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States as a model system to evaluate the potential for coordinated implementations. By combining estimates of soil organic carbon stocks and CO2 fluxes with projected changes in climate, we show how land use may be prioritized to improve carbon drawdown and permanence across multiple sectors at local to regional scales. Our consideration of geographical context acknowledges some of the ecological and social challenges of climate change mitigation efforts for the implementation of scalable solutions.
On-manifold projected gradient descent
Authors: Mahler Aaron , Berry Tyrus , Stephens Tom , Antil Harbir , Merritt Michael , Schreiber Jeanie , Kevrekidis Ioannis
Published: February 2024

This study provides a computable, direct, and mathematically rigorous approximation to the differential geometry of class manifolds for high-dimensional data, along with non-linear projections from input space onto these class manifolds. The tools are applied to the setting of neural network image classifiers, where we generate novel, on-manifold data samples and implement a projected gradient descent algorithm for on-manifold adversarial training. The susceptibility of neural networks (NNs) to adversarial attack highlights the brittle nature of NN decision boundaries in input space. Introducing adversarial examples during training has been shown to reduce the susceptibility of NNs to adversarial attack; however, it has also been shown to reduce the accuracy of the classifier if the examples are not valid examples for that class. Realistic “on-manifold” examples have been previously generated from class manifolds in the latent space of an autoencoder. Our study explores these phenomena in a geometric and computational setting that is much closer to the raw, high-dimensional input space than what can be provided by VAE or other black box dimensionality reductions. We employ conformally invariant diffusion maps (CIDM) to approximate class manifolds in diffusion coordinates and develop the Nyström projection to project novel points onto class manifolds in this setting. On top of the manifold approximation, we leverage the spectral exterior calculus (SEC) to determine geometric quantities such as tangent vectors of the manifold. We use these tools to obtain adversarial examples that reside on a class manifold, yet fool a classifier. These misclassifications then become explainable in terms of human-understandable manipulations within the data, by expressing the on-manifold adversary in the semantic basis on the manifold.
The role of social media literacy in infodemic management: a systematic review
Authors: Ziapour Arash , Malekzadeh Roya , Darabi Fatemeh , Yıldırım Murat , Montazeri Nafiseh , Kianipour Neda , Nejhaddadgar Nazila
Published: February 2024

Background

The term infodemic refers to the proliferation of both accurate and inaccurate information that creates a challenge in identifying trustworthy and credible sources. Among the strategies employed to mitigate the impact of the infodemic, social media literacy has emerged as a significant and effective approach. This systematic review examines the role of social media literacy in the management of the infodemic.

Methods

Six databases, including SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science were systematically searched using relevant keywords. We included the relevant publications between 2012 and 2023 in our analysis. To ensure a qualitative assessment of the studies, we used the STROBE and AMSTAR checklists as evaluation tools. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guideline was used for the design of this review study. Finally, we organized the studies into groups based on similarities and retrieved and analyzed evidence pertaining to the challenges and opportunities identified.

Results

Eleven papers were included in this study after reviewing the retrieved studies. Five of them examined the effect of social media literacy and health literacy on acceptance of health behaviors. Four studies investigated the role of media literacy in managing misinformation and fake news related to health. Two studies focused on infodemic management and promoting citizen engagement during health crises. Results showed that health-related infodemics are derived from the users' lack of media knowledge, distrust of government service systems, local influencers and peers, rapid circulation of information through mass media messages, weakness of solutions proposed by health care providers, failure to pay attention to the needs of the audience, vertical management, and inconsistency of published messages.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the importance of increasing social media literacy among the general public as a recognized strategy for managing the infodemic. Consequently, it is recommended that relevant organizations and institutions, such as the Ministry of Health, develop targeted training programs to effectively address this need.
Automating untruths: ChatGPT, self-managed medication abortion, and the threat of misinformation in a post-Roe world
Authors: McMahon Hayley V. , McMahon Bryan D.
Published: February 2024

Background

ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot that uses natural language processing to understand and execute prompts in a human-like manner. While the chatbot has become popular as a source of information among the public, experts have expressed concerns about the number of false and misleading statements made by ChatGPT. Many people search online for information about self-managed medication abortion, which has become even more common following the overturning of Roe v. Wade. It is likely that ChatGPT is also being used as a source of this information; however, little is known about its accuracy.

Objective

To assess the accuracy of ChatGPT responses to common questions regarding self-managed abortion safety and the process of using abortion pills.

Methods

We prompted ChatGPT with 65 questions about self-managed medication abortion, which produced approximately 11,000 words of text. We qualitatively coded all data in MAXQDA and performed thematic analysis.

Results

ChatGPT responses correctly described clinician-managed medication abortion as both safe and effective. In contrast, self-managed medication abortion was inaccurately described as dangerous and associated with an increase in the risk of complications, which was attributed to the lack of clinician supervision.

Conclusion

ChatGPT repeatedly provided responses that overstated the risk of complications associated with self-managed medication abortion in ways that directly contradict the expansive body of evidence demonstrating that self-managed medication abortion is both safe and effective. The chatbot's tendency to perpetuate health misinformation and associated stigma regarding self-managed medication abortions poses a threat to public health and reproductive autonomy.
Redescription of three basal anomodonts: a phylogenetic reassessment of the holotype of Eodicynodon oelofseni (NMQR 2913)
Authors: Duhamel Alienor , Benoit Julien , Wynd Brenen , Wright April Marie , Rubidge Bruce
Published: February 2024

The Dicynodontia (Therapsida: Anomodontia) is one of the most successful Permo-Triassic terrestrial tetrapod clades and the oldest specimens are recorded from the middle Permian Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone of South Africa. Their fossil record is abundant and species-rich across Pangea. By contrast, the fossil record of the basal-most anomodonts, which includes non-dicynodont anomodonts and early forms of dicynodonts, is patchy and their morphology and phylogeny are deduced from relatively few specimens. Discovered in 1982 and described in 1990, the holotype of Eodicynodon oelofseni (NMQR 2913) is one of the better-preserved early anomodont specimens. However, it has been suggested that E. oelofseni does not belong to the genus Eodicynodon. Here, using CT-scanning and 3D modeling, the skull of Eodicynodon oelofseni, Patranomodon nyaphulii and Eodicynodon oosthuizeni are redescribed. In the framework of this study, the application of 3D scanning technology to describe anatomical structures which were previously inaccessible in these fossils has enabled detailed redescription of the cranial morphology of the basal anomodonts Patranomodon, Eodicynodon oelofseni and E. oosthuizeni and led to a greater understanding of their cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships. Based on an anatomical comparison and phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian and cladistics) the phylogenetic relationships of basal anomodonts are reassessed and it is suggested that NMQR 2913 does not belong to the genus Eodicynodon but likely represents a separate genus basal to other dicynodonts. A new genus is erected for NMQR 2913. This presents one of the first applications of Bayesian Inference of phylogeny on Therapsida.
Spatial skills of preschool children from Serbia and a possible model for the typology of children’s spatial skills
Authors: Đokić Olivera J. , Vorkapić Marija M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

In their study, the authors delve into the impact of preschool curriculum on the spatial abilities development of children. They specifically explore the significance of spatial understanding through Piaget’s primacy of topological concepts and the increasing emphasis on projective geometry. The research focuses on preschoolers in Serbia, aged 5.5–6.5, as they transition to primary school.

Methods

The study involves 103 children exposed to two distinct preschool curricula: The General Foundations of the Preschool Curriculum (GFPC) and The Foundations of the Preschool Curriculum – Years of Ascent (YA). Drawing on the typology of spatial tasks in the 2 × 2 matrix, the researchers conducted individual structured interviews comprising 8 tasks. These tasks were designed to assess children’s performance across four sub-domains: Intrinsic–Static, Extrinsic–Static, Intrinsic–Dynamic, and Extrinsic–Dynamic.

Results

The findings reveal a general poor performance in solving spatial tasks among the children. Despite inconsistent results in the cognitive structures of spatial ability, the study indicates that the type of preschool program or gender does not significantly influence preschoolers’ spatial abilities in Serbia. Notably, differences were observed in the sub-domains of Static and Dynamic. However, the analysis suggests that the 2 × 2 model may not be an appropriate fit for the Serbian sample.

Discussion

The authors acknowledge the limitations of the 2 × 2 model and propose further exploration of alternative typologies to better characterize children’s spatial skills development in Serbia. They advocate for a model that accurately describes preschoolers’ spatial abilities and can inform curriculum creators in enriching mathematics education. The study underscores the importance of spatial reasoning for success in STEM fields, as supported by meta-analyses of children’s spatial abilities.
The influence of COVID-19 on the learning and developing processes of practical skills in military educational institutions
Authors: Bularca Maria Cristina , Bumbuc Stefania , Barsan Ghita , Coman Claudiu , Bucoi Alexandru , Hertanu Andreea , Netedu Adrian , Aron Ioan
Published: February 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the educational process in military higher education institutions underwent changes, especially in terms of carrying out practical activities. The purpose of the research was to analyze how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the educational process and the leadership activities carried out in a Romanian military academy, in the context in which the practical activities had to be carried out in the online environment. Practical skills play an important role in the life of military students and they can help them within the process of becoming efficient leaders. In the context of the research, practical skills refer to decision-making abilities, conflict resolution skills, communication skills, the ability to delegate, or the capacity to motivate and inspire others. In order to conduct the research, we used a quantitative approach. A questionnaire was applied to 288 students of “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy from Sibiu, Romania. The results of the research revealed that students pointed out the difficulty of interacting with their teachers, and of developing practical activities. While the opinions of the students were not influenced by their gender, they were influenced by the type of studies followed. Compared to bachelor students, master students were more affected by the changes which took place, and they believed to a higher extent that they possess leadership skills and that they have the necessary knowledge to lead a specific military group.
Thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease, a vicious circle
Authors: Li Zhaoqing , Liu Jia
Published: February 2024

Recently, research into the link between thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a current topic of interest. Previous research has primarily concentrated on examining the impact of thyroid dysfunction on the risk of developing AD, or solely explored the mechanisms of interaction between hypothyroidism and AD, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms linking thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) still require further elucidation. Therefore, the aim of this review is to offer a thorough and comprehensive explanation of the potential mechanisms underlying the causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and AD, highlighting the existence of a vicious circle. The effect of thyroid dysfunction on AD includes neuron death, impaired synaptic plasticity and memory, misfolded protein deposition, oxidative stress, and diffuse and global neurochemical disturbances. Conversely, AD can also contribute to thyroid dysfunction by affecting the stress repair response and disrupting pathways involved in thyroid hormone (TH) production, transport, and activation. Furthermore, this review briefly discusses the role and significance of utilizing the thyroid as a therapeutic target for cognitive recovery in AD. By exploring potential mechanisms and therapeutic avenues, this research contributes to our understanding and management of this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
Case report: Uncovering hidden glucose patterns in medicated versus unmedicated bipolar disorder and comorbid type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Breznoscakova Dagmar , Pallayova Maria
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency requiring the lifetime intensive insulin therapy accompanied by daily self-monitoring, self-management, ongoing education, and complex diabetes care. Regular patient-clinician shared therapeutic decisions based on age, sex, comorbidities, medications, predicted impact of meals, physical activity, stress, hormonal changes, insulin therapy, and patterns of glycemic changes are key for achieving glycemic targets. The impact of various phases of bipolar disorder and their treatment on continuous glucose levels remains unexplored and calls for future assessments.

Case presentation

The present case reports a 41-year-old Caucasian female with an established diagnosis of bipolar II disorder and type 1 diabetes mellitus who discontinued long-term mood-stabilizing pharmacotherapy with quetiapine. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring performed before and 6-months following the discontinuation of quetiapine revealed hidden glucose patterns in medicated versus unmedicated bipolar disorder. Despite the known adverse metabolic effects of quetiapine, the continuous glucose monitoring captured more stable and near-normal continuous glucose values during the antipsychotic treatment compared to unmedicated stages of bipolar disorder with considerably higher glucose values and glucose variability.

Conclusion

The case report highlights the importance of the ongoing psychopharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder in comorbid type 1 diabetes mellitus to reduce mood-induced reactivity, emotional urgency, and non-emotional impulsivity that may contribute to dysglycemia. If not effectively treated, the “bipolar diabetes” is likely to progress to multiple psychiatric and somatic complications. The bidirectional links between the phases of bipolar disorder and the corresponding continuous glucose patterns can help advance clinical decision-making and yield innovative1 research that can translate into efficacious clinical practice.
Collaborative configuration of renewable energy and energy storage under fixed investment in the decarbonization process
Authors: Liao Jinlin , Wu Guilian , Li Jinghao
Published: February 2024

In the process of decarbonization, the configuration of renewable energy and energy storage plays a crucial role. In current research, there is often a singular focus on the isolated optimization of either renewable energy configurations or energy storage configurations, resulting in limitations within the optimized outcomes. Therefore, we propose a collaborative configuration approach for renewable energy and energy storage under fixed investment, considering the impact of uncertainty on optimization results. By employing the W/S (wind-to-solar ratio) and E/P (energy-to-power ratio) and constructing a model with an hourly granularity, we can obtain the configurations of renewable energy and energy storage at crucial time points. Using the UK as a case study, we calculate the configurations for renewable energy and energy storage from 2020 to 2050, offering effective recommendations for the decarbonization efforts in the UK.
Seasonal changes in water-soluble brown carbon (BrC) at Nanling background station in South China
Authors: Zhang Bolong , Tang Jiao , Geng Xiaofei , Mo Yangzhi , Zhao Shizhen , Zhong Guangcai , Li Jun , Zhang Gan
Published: February 2024

Brown carbon (BrC) is an important light-absorbing component of organic carbon (OC), causing large uncertainty in aerosol radiative forcing evaluation and being related to health issues as well. Knowledge of BrC in an atmospheric background station is beneficial to understand its role in a changing climate. A year-long sampling campaign was conducted at Nanling background station to get a comprehensive knowledge of WS-BrC, a total of seventy-two PM2.5 samples throughout a year were used. Light absorption and fluorescence spectra of WSOC were analyzed synchronously using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The low levels of PM2.5, OC, and elemental carbon (EC) conferred a background site. The optical properties of WS-BrC were characterized using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The WS-BrC made a significant contribution (365 nm, 18% ± 10%) to total carbonaceous aerosol absorption. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of WS-BrC is 0.81 ± 0.34 m2 gC–1, and varies among seasons due to the different sources or atmospheric processing. Three EEM fluorescent components were identified by parallel factor (PAFAFAC) analysis, including two humic-like substances (HULIS, C1, C2), and one phenolic-like component. The HULIS components accounted for approximately 70% of the total fluorescence intensities. Primary combustion emissions showed enhanced activity during the winter and spring seasons, but there were no significant influences on WS-BrC in spring. Secondary sources contributed significantly to WS-BrC during winter, summer, and autumn (all exceeding 50%), except for spring. Photooxidation is a significant process in the formation of secondary WS-BrC in winter and autumn, but there may be another formation pathway in summer, i.e., the ammonia pathway. This study contributes to our understanding of BrC in the background atmosphere.
QTL-seq analysis identified the genomic regions of plant height and days to heading in high-latitude rice
Authors: Wang Rongsheng , Li Kun , Zhang Wei , Liu Hui , Tao Yongqing , Liu Yuming , Ding Guohua , Yang Guang , Zhou Yuanhang , Wang Jiayou , Wu Licheng , Liu Baohai , Mu Fengchen
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most extensive crops in the world. China’s Heilongjiang Province is the northernmost rice-growing region in the world. However, rice cultivars suitable for growth in low-latitude regions may not mature normally due to their distinct climate and short frost-free period. It is necessary to precisely determine the frost-free period for each region to make the best use of the rice growth stage so as to ensure the maturity and yield of different rice cultivars in Heilongjiang Province. The time span of the heading stage is a key parameter for evaluating the adaptability of a rice cultivar to a specific rice-growing region. Given the above facts, it is of high importance to study the associated genes and sites controlling days to heading (DH) and plant height (PH) of rice in Heilongjiang Province. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with high-throughput sequencing can effectively exclude interferences from background genomic differences, making it suitable for analyzing the associated sites of complex agronomic traits in early generations.

Methods: In this study, an F3 segregating population was obtained by crossing two main cultivars that are grown under different temperatures and day-light conditions in Heilongjiang. Two pools of extreme phenotypes were built for the DH and PH of the population. For SNP and InDel variants obtained from whole-genome resequencing in the pools, an association analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance (ED) algorithm and the SNP/InDel index algorithm.

Results: The intersection of SNP and InDel regions associated with the phenotypes was considered to obtain the final associated sites. After excluding interferences from the cloned genes on chromosomes 2 and 7, a total length of 6.34 Mb on chromosomes 1, 3, and 10 and 3.16 Mb on chromosomes 1 and 10 were left associated with PH and DH, respectively. Then, we performed a gene annotation analysis for candidate genes in the remaining regions using multiple genome annotation databases. Our research provides basic data for subsequent gene mapping and cloning.

Discussion: By mining more genetic loci associated with the days to heading and plant height of rice, we may provide abundant genetic resources for refined molecular breeding in Heilongjiang Province.
Food-specific IgG4-guided diet elimination improves allergy symptoms in children
Authors: Yang Boyun , Yu Hanxiao , Yao Wo , Diao Ran , Li Bohui , Wang Yongfang , Li Ting , Ge Liuya , Hu Yingying , Wang Huiying
Published: February 2024

Allergic diseases in children are major public health concerns due to their widespread and rising prevalence. Food-specific immunoglobulin G4(FS-IgG4) has been detected in patients with allergic diseases, but its clinical significance is still debated. In the present study, 407 children with allergic diseases were recruited and categorized into three groups according to the different systems involved: the respiratory system group, the skin system group, and a multiple system group, with the collection of clinical symptoms and serum antibodies, including total immunoglobulin E (IgE), house dust mite (HDM) IgE, food-specific IgE (FS-IgE), and FS-IgG4. Part of these patients were followed up with the intervention of FS-IgG4-guided diet elimination with or without add-on probiotics supplement. The analysis at baseline revealed distinct serum levels of different antibodies. The positive rate of FS-IgG4 in all groups was more than 80%, and the proportion of total IgE and FS-IgG4 both positive in the multi-system group was the highest (p=0.039). Egg and milk were the foods with the highest positive rate of FS-IgG4 in all groups. After diet elimination for more than 3 months, serum FS-IgG4 in children significantly decreased (P<0.05) along with the improvement of clinical symptoms, regardless of the add-on of probiotics. However, the intervention did not impact the serum levels of total IgE, FS-IgE, and HDM IgE. There was no further decrease of serum FS-IgG4 level in children followed up for more than 1 year, which may be related to noncompliance with diet elimination. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the decline of serum FS-IgG4 was an independent predictable factor for the improvement of clinical symptoms (adjusted OR:1.412,95%CI 1.017–1.96, p=0.039). The add-on of probiotics showed less efficiency in reducing the FS-IgG4 level in more patients with relief of clinical symptoms. Our results confirmed the correlation between FS-IgG4 and allergic diseases, and the decreased FS-IgG4 could be a useful predictor for the improvement of allergic symptoms. FS-IgG4-guided diet elimination is an efficient treatment for allergic diseases. Our study adds solid data to the clinical significance of FS-IgG4 in allergic diseases.
Manipulating the tumor immune microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy: IGF1R, a promising target
Authors: Pellegrino Marsha , Secli Valerio , D’Amico Silvia , Petrilli Lucia Lisa , Caforio Matteo , Folgiero Valentina , Tumino Nicola , Vacca Paola , Vinci Maria , Fruci Doriana , de Billy Emmanuel
Published: February 2024

Cancer immunotherapy has made impressive advances in improving the outcome of patients affected by malignant diseases. Nonetheless, some limitations still need to be tackled to more efficiently and safely treat patients, in particular for those affected by solid tumors. One of the limitations is related to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which impairs anti-tumor immunity. Efforts to identify targets able to turn the TME into a milieu more auspicious to current immuno-oncotherapy is a real challenge due to the high redundancy of the mechanisms involved. However, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), an attractive drug target for cancer therapy, is emerging as an important immunomodulator and regulator of key immune cell functions. Here, after briefly summarizing the IGF1R signaling pathway in cancer, we review its role in regulating immune cells function and activity, and discuss IGF1R as a promising target to improve anti-cancer immunotherapy.
Iron-binding by dissolved organic matter in the Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean (GEOTRACES TONGA cruise GPpr14)
Authors: Mahieu Léo , Whitby Hannah , Dulaquais Gabriel , Tilliette Chloé , Guigue Catherine , Tedetti Marc , Lefevre Dominique , Fourrier Pierre , Bressac Matthieu , Sarthou Géraldine , Bonnet Sophie , Guieu Cécile , Salaün Pascal
Published: February 2024

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for phytoplankton growth, but its scarcity in seawater limits primary productivity across much of the ocean. Most dissolved Fe (DFe) in seawater is complexed with Fe-binding organic ligands, a poorly constrained fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which increase Fe residence time and impact Fe bioavailability. Here, we present the conditional concentration (LFe) and binding-strength (log KFe'Lcond) of Fe-binding ligands in the Western Tropical South Pacific (WTSP) Ocean during the GEOTRACES TONGA cruise (GPpr14). The transect crossed the Lau basin, a region subject to shallow hydrothermal Fe inputs that fuel intense diazotrophic activity, the oligotrophic South Pacific gyre, and the Melanesian basin. Organic speciation was analyzed by competitive ligand exchange adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-AdCSV) using salicylaldoxime at 25 µM. We found a high mean LFe of 5.2 ± 1.2 nMeqFe (n = 103) across the entire transect, predominantly consisting of intermediate strength L2 ligands (84%; mean log KFe'Lcond of 11.6 ± 0.4), consistent with humic-like substances. DFe correlated with the humic-like component of the fluorescent DOM (HS-like FDOM), yet the electroactive Fe-binding humic-like substances (LFeHS) accounted for only 20 ± 13% of LFe in the mixed layer and 8 ± 6% in deep waters. Ligands were in large excess compared to DFe (mean excess ligand eLFe = 4.6 ± 1.1 nMeqFe), suggesting poor stabilization of DFe inputs. High LFe (up to 9 nMeqFe) in samples close to hydrothermal sites could be due to detoxification strategies from plankton communities toward hydrothermally-fueled toxic trace metals other than Fe, with an apparent dilution of the DOM from the Lau basin into neighboring regions. We also observed a different peak potential of the Fe salicylaldoxime complex detected by CLE-AdCSV between the Lau and Melanesian basins, and between surface and deep waters. To our knowledge, this change in potential has not previously been reported; whether this represents a novel detection of specificities in DOM composition merits further investigation. Competition between Fe and competing metals for ligand binding sites could favor DFe oxidation and precipitation near hydrothermal vents and explain the absence of strong Fe stabilization in the WTSP.
Magnetic resonance – guided treatment of low-flow vascular malformations and the technologies to potentiate adoption
Authors: Bailey Christopher Ravi , Herrera Daniel Giraldo , Neumeister Nicolas , Weiss Clifford Rabbe
Published: February 2024

Vascular malformations are congenital, non-neoplastic lesions that arise secondary to defects in angiogenesis. Vascular malformations are divided into high-flow (arteriovenous malformation) and low-flow (venous malformations and lymphatic malformations). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard for pre-and post-intervention assessments, while ultrasound (US), X-ray fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT) are used for intra-procedural guidance. Sclerotherapy, an image-guided therapy that involves the injection of a sclerosant directly into the malformation, is typically the first-line therapy for treating low-flow vascular malformations. Sclerotherapy induces endothelial damage and necrosis/fibrosis with eventual involution of the malformation. Image-guided thermal therapies involve freezing or heating target tissue to induce cell death and necrosis. MRI is an alternative for intra-procedural guidance and monitoring during the treatment of vascular malformations. MR can provide dynamic, multiplanar imaging that delineates surrounding critical structures such as nerves and vasculature. Multiple studies have demonstrated that MR-guided treatment of vascular malformations is safe and effective. This review will detail (1) the use of MR for the classification and diagnosis of vascular malformations, (2) the current literature surrounding MR-guided treatment of vascular malformations, (3) a series of cases of MR-guided sclerotherapy and thermal ablation for the treatment of vascular malformations, and (4) a discussion of technologies that may potentiate interventional MRI adoption including high intensity focused ultrasound and guided laser ablation.