bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insincerity in lawyers’ questioning strategies in Malawian criminal courtroom discourse
Authors: Kondowe Wellman
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces a new perspective on analysing courtroom insincerity by focusing on questions asked by lawyers in the Malawi criminal justice system. The study aimed at examining the linguistic tools of tracing insincerity in lawyers’ questions; the varying degrees of insincerity in defence and prosecution lawyers and their rationale for making such choices. The study argues that courtroom setting is a war zone where different parties have divergent goals. Such encounters are much likely to yield higher chances of insincerity, which can be manifested in the questions lawyers ask. The analysis is based on data from four criminal cases, which were collected from the High Court of Malawi. My framework of analysing insincerity in questions examines the prescribed degrees of control that questions exert on the witnesses in relation to their productiveness. The findings indicate that, when examining witnesses, prosecutors exercise less insincerity while defence lawyers opt for questions with high insincerity. These imbalances in language use are enshrined in and supported by law in its statutes. The findings of this study have jurisprudential implications, especially in Africa which is internationally less represented in the studies of language and law.
A bibliographic survey of the structural chemistry of the Group 13 dithiophosphates and dithiophosphinates
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: December 2023

A survey of the crystallographically determined structures of the Group 13 dithiophosphates and dithiophosphinates is presented with a focus upon both the molecular structures and supramolecular association involving the heavy element. Only small numbers of aluminium(III) (two) and gallium(III) (one) structures are known and these along with the 10 indium(III) examples have a preponderance towards homoleptic species with most coordination geometries based on an octahedron owing to the presence of symmetrically or almost symmetrically chelating phosphorodithiolato ligands; the notable exception is the gallium species which has an approximately tetrahedral geometry as two of the dithiophosphinate ligands coordinate in a monodentate mode. Diverse molecular structures are noted for the four heteroleptic examples of the lighter Group 13 elements which assemble in their crystals employing intermolecular interactions that do not involve the central element, as with the homoleptic structures. A completely different situation is evident for the thallium(I)/(III) structures which display a diverse array of coordination geometries and which usually assemble via Tl⋯S triel-bonding interactions; in the supramolecular assembly of thallium(I) crystals, Tl(lone-pair)⋯π(aryl) interactions are often observed.
Weekly Fluctuations in, and Associations Between, Salivary Hormone Responses, Load, and Well-Being During the Pre-season in Professional Male Basketball Players
Authors: Kamarauskas Paulius , Scanlan Aaron T. , Ferioli Davide , Conte Daniele
Published: December 2023

Kamarauskas, P, Scanlan, A, Ferioli, D, and Conte, D. Weekly fluctuations in, and associations between, salivary hormone responses, load, and well-being during the pre-season in professional male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 128–135, 2024—This study aimed to (a) quantify weekly fluctuations in hormonal responses (testosterone [T], cortisol [C], and their ratio [T:C]), external (PlayerLoad [PL] and PL·minute−1) and internal (session rating of perceived exertion load [sRPE-load], summated heart rate zones [SHRZs], and percentage of maximal heart rate [%HRmax]) load measures, and well-being measured using a self-reported questionnaire and (b) determine the associations between weekly changes in hormonal responses and load measures with weekly changes in well-being during the pre-season phase in basketball players. Twenty-one professional male basketball players (age: 26.2 ± 4.9 years) were monitored during a 5-week pre-season phase. Linear mixed models were used to determine weekly differences in each variable and associations between weekly changes in hormonal and load variables with weekly changes in well-being. Findings revealed that T (p < 0.001) and T:C (p = 0.002) increased toward the end of the pre-season phase. Moreover, higher (p < 0.05) external (PL·minute−1) and internal (%HRmax) load intensities were evident during the first 3 weeks of the pre-season, with no significant fluctuations in other load variables. Weekly changes in PL and sRPE-load were negatively associated (p < 0.05) with weekly changes in well-being, albeit weak in magnitudes (R
2 = 0.061–0.105). These results highlight that a periodized approach was undertaken across the pre-season predominantly predicated on altering weekly load intensities, which coincided with positive hormonal responses toward the end of the pre-season. In addition, weak relationships were evident between weekly changes in hormonal responses and load measures with well-being, emphasizing that a low commonality may be present between these constructs.
Effects of Minimal-Equipment Resistance Training and Blood Flow Restriction on Military-Relevant Performance Outcomes
Authors: Cintineo Harry P. , Chandler Alexa J. , Mastrofini Gianna F. , Lints Blaine S. , McFadden Bridget A. , Arent Shawn M.
Published: December 2023

Cintineo, HP, Chandler, AJ, Mastrofini, GF, Lints, BS, McFadden, BA, and Arent, SM. Effects of minimal-equipment resistance training and blood flow restriction on military-relevant performance outcomes. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 55–65, 2024—This study compared minimal-equipment resistance training (RT) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) to traditional-equipment RT on performance and body composition changes over 6 weeks. Reserve officers' training corps cadets and midshipmen (N = 54, 40.7% female) were randomized into traditional-equipment RT (TRAD), minimal-equipment RT (MIN), or minimal-equipment RT with BFR (MIN + BFR). Performance and body composition were assessed pretraining and post-training, and measures of intensity and workload were evaluated throughout. Performance assessments included the army combat fitness test (ACFT), countermovement vertical jump, 3RM bench press, and V̇O2max; body composition measures included body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and muscle and tendon thickness. All groups trained 4 days per week after a full-body routine. Data were analyzed by mixed-effects models (α = 0.05). Group-by-time interactions for 3RM deadlift and 3RM bench press (p < 0.004) showed larger improvements for TRAD compared with MIN and MIN + BFR. Time main effects for all other performance variables, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and muscle thickness (p ≤ 0.035) indicated improvements in all groups. A group-by-time interaction for blood lactate (p < 0.001) and group main effects for heart rate (p < 0.001) and workload variables (p < 0.008) indicated higher intensity and workload for MIN and MIN + BFR compared with TRAD. A sex-by-time interaction for 3RM deadlift (p = 0.008) and sex-by-group-by-time interaction for 3RM bench press (p = 0.018) were also found. Minimal-equipment RT improved performance and body composition, although strength improvements were greater with traditional equipment. Minimal-equipment RT and minimal-equipment RT with BFR exhibited higher exertion levels than TRAD, although adaptations were similar. Overall, individuals can improve performance and body composition using portable, field-expedient RT equipment.
The Protection of Entrepreneurs and the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Wiśniewski Adam
Published: December 2023

In comparison to the European Convention on Human Rights, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, which provides in its Article 16 for the freedom to conduct a business, is a much more modern instrument. In this article I argue that the Convention nevertheless appears to be no less important a document offering protection of entrepreneurs’ rights. This is the case even though it does not provide any particular rights devoted to the running of a business by entrepreneurs. This is possible, first of all, due to the right of individual application which may be lodged directly with the European Court of Human Rights in its capacity as an international court. No comparable measure for an individual complaint is available under the UN Charter. Secondly, the extensive case law of the Strasbourg Court has made it possible for entrepreneurs to rely on a number of Convention rights, despite the fact that these rights, at least at first glance, are not connected with the running of a business. This refers not only to the right to a fair trial on the protection of property, which offer entrepreneurs the protection of a number of their interests, but also to rights which at first glance have nothing to do with the running of the business, such as the right to respect for private and family life protected under Article 8 of the Convention. As a result, the right of individual complaint to the ECtHR should be perceived as an important measure of the protection and enforcements of entrepreneurs’ rights at the international level, in case of any failure to secure the protection of those rights at the national level.
New methods to investigate the GnRH pulse generator
Authors: Ivanova Deyana , O’Byrne Kevin T
Published: December 2023

The exact neural construct underlying the dynamic secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has only recently been identified despite the detection of multiunit electrical activity volleys associated with pulsatile luteinising hormone (LH) secretion four decades ago. Since the discovery of kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons in the mammalian hypothalamus, there has been much research into the role of this neuronal network in controlling the oscillatory secretion of gonadotrophin hormones. In this review, we provide an update of the progressive application of cutting-edge techniques combined with mathematical modelling by the neuroendocrine community, which are transforming the functional investigation of the GnRH pulse generator. Understanding the nature and function of the GnRH pulse generator can greatly inform a wide range of clinical studies investigating infertility treatments.
Effects of heavy metals on gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota
Authors: Ghosh Sweta , Nukavarapu Syam P , Jala Venkatakrishna Rao
Published: December 2023

Exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals lead to significant damage in intestinal epithelial barrier, loss of microbial and immune homeostasis. The intestinal epithelial barrier protects and regulates the responses against several endogenous and exogenous factors including inflammatory cytokines, pathogens, toxins, and pollutants. Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation and microbial dysbiosis are associated with several gastrointestinal (GI)-related disorders including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mechanisms and consequences of exposure to environmental toxins on gut barrier function and mucosal immune system are not fully understood. This review explores some of the recent findings of heavy metals and their effect on intestinal barrier function, microbiota, and their contributions to human health and pathogenesis of GI-related disorders such as IBD.
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ACUTE CARDIOTOXIC EFFECT OF DOXORUBICIN IN ADULT RATS
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Denysova M.V. , Strutynska N.A. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mys L.A. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Korkach Yu.P. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Rozova K.V. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sagach V.F. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Doxorubicin is a potent cytotoxic antibiotic that is the most widely prescribed in the world and is effective against a wide range of cancers. At the same time, the cardiotoxic effects of this drug often require discontinuation of treatment before the effect is achieved. Mitochondria are important mediators of cellular life, and cardiomyocyte death due to mitochondrial mechanisms of internal killing is the basis of many heart diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of short-term doxorubicin administration on Ca2+-induced opening of the nonspecific mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in the heart of adult rats. To reproduce and evaluate acute cardiotoxicity in rats, which is the main complication in patients taking doxorubicin, a short-term doxorubicin cardiomyopathy model was used. A comparative ultrastructural study of myocardial tissues was performed at total cumulative doses of doxorubicin of 8, 13 and 15 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally and spread over two days. It was shown that the drug caused damage and death of the myofibrillar apparatus, mitochondria and cardiomyocytes and exhibited a dose-dependent effect. Therefore, further experiments were carried out at the most indicative dose, namely 15 mg/kg. We have shown that the content of reactive oxygen species in the heart mitochondria, namely, •O2-, Н2О2, •ОН, increased after doxorubicin administration by 10.5, 5.3 and 3.4 times, respectively, indicating a significant increase in free radical processes. It is important that at the same time, the content of endogenous H2S decreased by 2.6 times. This activated mPTP opening in the rat heart: the amplitude of spontaneous swelling doubled, Ca2+-induced swelling increased by 53% compared to the control, and an increase in mPTP sensitivity to Ca2+ was observed at all applied concentrations. Thus, the acute cardiotoxic effect of doxorubicin resulted in the induction of mPTP opening, which led to mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte death.
THE INFLUENCE OF A BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR AGONIST ON THE STATE OF GLIA IN THE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ziablitzev SV , Zhupan DB ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dyadyk OO ,   Shupyk National University Healthcare of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive tissue-specific neurovascular complication of diabetes with a multifactorial pathogenesis, in which microvascular disorders are preceded by damage to nerve elements. The latter begin with the early involvement of glia, including astrocytes and Müller cells. Taking into account the establishment of GABA-ergic deficiency, the use of modulators of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex, for example, Carbacetam, which has shown satisfactory neuroprotective properties, seems promising. Diabetes mellitus was modeled by a single administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; “Sigma-Aldrich”, China) to threemonth-old male Wistar rats. Already after 7 days, according to immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), reactive gliosis of astrocytes of the inner retina layers was detected, to which Müller cells joined from the 14th day. The content of GFAP in retinal tissues increased significantly. GFAP-positive cells were in close contact with foci of pathological angiogenesis in the inner layers of the retina and also took part in the formation of fibrous proliferates in the outer layers. Detection of caspase-3 showed the activation of apoptosis in astrocytes and radial processes of Müller cells in the inner plexiform layer. Carbacetam in combination with insulin reduced the expression of GFAP and caspase-3 in the retina and prevented the development of reactive gliosis, angiogenesis, and the formation of fibrous proliferates, which makes it a candidate for further studies in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
THE IMPACT OF WATER-SOLUBLE C60 FULLERENES ON THE COURSE OF RHABDOMYOLYSIS-INDUCED KIDNEY DAMAGE OF VARIOUS SEVERITY DEGREES
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine, Оmelchuk О.Ya. , Nozdrenko D.M. ,   aras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Motuziuk O.P. ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Bogutska K.I. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Soroсa V.M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Prylutska S.V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zholos A.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Rhabdomyolysis, as an acute stage of myopathy, causes kidney damage. Literary data indicate that this pathology is caused by the accumulation of muscle breakdown products and is associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, the effect of water-soluble C60 fullerenes (C60), as powerful antioxidants, at different doses of intraperitoneal administration (1 and 2 mg·kg-1) on the development of kidney damage due to the rhabdomyolysis of various severity degrees, which was caused by the intramuscular injection of a 50% glycerol solution into the muscle soleus in doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg·kg-1 was evaluated in the present work. C60 injections at doses of 2 mg·kg-1 have been shown to most effectively increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in severe renal failure (by 29, 38 and 51% on the 3rd, 6th and 9th day of the experiment, respectively). Changes in the content of creatine phosphokinase and activity of glutathione peroxidase in the blood of experimental animals are correlated well (r > 0.94) with changes in GFR with the use of C60. This opens up new opportunities in the therapy of pathological conditions of the muscular system, which are caused by rhabdomyolysis, release of labile Fe3+ from damaged muscle fibers and associated oxidative stress.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
Authors:   Saint Paraskeva Medical Center, Lviv, Ukraine, Chooklin S. , Chuklin S. ,   Saint Paraskeva Medical Center, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Deep venous thrombosis is a frequent multifactorial disease and most of the time is triggered by the interaction between acquired risk factors, particularly immobility, and hereditary risk factors such as thrombophilias. The mechanisms underlying deep venous thrombosis are not fully elucidated; however, in recent years the role of venous flow, endothelium, platelets, leukocytes, and the interaction between inflammation and hemostasis has been determined. Alteration of venous blood flow produces endothelial activation, favoring the adhesion of platelets and leukocytes, which, through tissue factor expression and neutrophil extracellular traps formation, contribute to the activation of coagulation, trapping more cells, such as red blood cells, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes. The coagulation factor XI-driven propagation phase of blood coagulation plays a major role in venous thrombus growth, but a minor role in hemostasis. In this work, the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis are described.
Application of intelligent systems for the development of inclusive education in educational institutions
Authors:   Odesа Polytechnic National University, Ukraine, N Beglova
Published: December 2023

The current level of development of information technology makes it possible to create software products that develop and promote inclusive education in higher education institutions. With the use of intelligent information systems, education becomes more developed, humane and effective not only for students with special educational needs, but also for healthy students. The paper proposes the creation of a mobile application - an assistant that will facilitate orientation in the university space. The application will help to create conditions that meet the requirements and needs of each individual, regardless of the peculiarities of their development
Pediatric Sepsis Diagnosis, Management, and Sub-phenotypes
Authors: Weiss Scott L. , Fitzgerald Julie C.
Published: December 2023

Sepsis and septic shock are major causes of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs for children worldwide, including >3 million deaths annually and, among survivors, risk for new or worsening functional impairments, including reduced quality of life, new respiratory, nutritional, or technological assistance, and recurrent severe infections. Advances in understanding sepsis pathophysiology highlight a need to update the definition and diagnostic criteria for pediatric sepsis and septic shock, whereas new data support an increasing role for automated screening algorithms and biomarker combinations to assist earlier recognition. Once sepsis or septic shock is suspected, attention to prompt initiation of broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobial therapy, fluid resuscitation, and vasoactive medications remain key components to initial management with several new and ongoing studies offering new insights into how to optimize this approach. Ultimately, a key goal is for screening to encompass as many children as possible at risk for sepsis and trigger early treatment without increasing unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics and preventable hospitalizations. Although the role for adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids and other metabolic therapies remains incompletely defined, ongoing studies will soon offer updated guidance for optimal use. Finally, we are increasingly moving toward an era in which precision therapeutics will bring novel strategies to improve outcomes, especially for the subset of children with sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and sepsis subphenotypes for whom antibiotics, fluid, vasoactive medications, and supportive care remain insufficient.
A Contrastive Study of Boosters in a Corpus of Academic Spoken English
Authors: Wazni Ali khudhair Abd Oun , Mansouri Sara , Sattar Boroujeni Sousan
Published: December 2023

The present study intended to investigate the use of boosters in the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE). It examined whether native and non-native speakers of English differed from each other in boosters’ use based on Hyland (2005) across academic divisions, levels of interactivity, genders, and academic roles in academic spoken English. The results of the UNIANOVA inferential test revealed that not only did native speakers of English utilize boosters more frequently than non-native ones across the four variables, but they also employed boosters in a way that was specific to academic divisions, levels of interactivity, genders, and academic roles. Besides the influence of culture and proficiency on boosters’ use, this corpus analysis study found that native English speakers put their statements under focus so that they sound convincing to the audience in soft sciences more than the hard ones. It also indicated native speakers’ greater attempt to convince their audience of the truth in their propositions, show new pieces of information as true, and back their own manipulative or persuasive purposes in highly interactive speeches more than the other levels of interactivity. Furthermore, it was shown that female native speakers exceeded to express opinions, state a suggestion with confidence in their knowledge of the topic, and minimize the possibility of accepting other options in academic spoken English of the MICASE. Ultimately, it illustrated that native academic speakers of English of faculty role rated higher to strengthen their existence, position, argument, claims, and commitment to their speech.
Incidencia del Clima Motivacional de Maestría en los entornos de aprendizaje y desempeño: análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Morera-Castro Maria , Penabad Camacho Maria Amalia , Jiménez-Díaz Judith , Alonso-Ubieta Suyen
Published: December 2023

El propósito de este estudio fue efectuar un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre la incidencia del Clima Motivacional de Maestría en los entornos de aprendizaje y desempeño de seres humanos, para establecer la evolución temática de la producción científica en esta materia. Sobre la metodología, la producción científica analizada fue extraída de la Web of Science para el periodo 2000-2022 y en su análisis se empleó la interfaz web para bibliometrix por medio de la aplicación del paquete biblioshiny de R Studio. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que desde 2014 ha habido un incremento en la tendencia de publicaciones de artículos sobre la temática y Estados Unidos es el país más influyente. Las principales fuentes de publicaciones se concentraron en cinco revistas con alta capacidad de difusión. Las personas autoras con más publicaciones, más influencia y más citaciones cuentan con una larga trayectoria profesional. Con respecto a las palabras claves se halló el uso de una taxonomía fragmentada. En cuanto a los resultados en redes y mapas de colaboración se determinaron clústeres en todo el mundo. Se concluye del análisis, pionero en su área, que el tema es de crecimiento moderado, que se emplea, aplica e investiga en diferentes regiones del mundo y que denota rasgos multidisciplinares. Este trabajo contribuye a nuevos tópicos de interés y a la toma de decisiones en futuras investigaciones.
Visualización del comportamiento de la innovación en el sector empresarial desde el análisis de co-ocurrencia de palabras
Authors: Sosa Pérez Natali de la Caridad , Cuba Rodríguez Yariannis , Bouza Betancourt Odalys
Published: December 2023

Los estudios sobre innovación en el sector empresarial han crecido significativamente debido a la importancia que ha adquirido para el logro de los objetivos organizacionales. Sin embargo, no todas las organizaciones han obtenido resultados exitosos. Entender la naturaleza de este proceso viene aparejado con el conocimiento de sus componentes esenciales, descritos en la literatura científica. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el referente conceptual, teórico y metodológico sobre innovación en el sector empresarial a partir de la co-ocurrencia de palabras. En este sentido, la visualización a través de mapas permite describir el comportamiento en la literatura científica sobre esta temática durante el periodo 2017-203. Para ello se utilizó el análisis bibliométrico como técnica de investigación cuantitativa y estadística a partir del indicador análisis de co-ocurrencia de palabras. Se emplearon diversos programas de ordenador como Bibexcel, Ucinet, NetDraw y VOSviewer para construir, analizar y visualizar los mapas de conocimiento sobre innovación. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que la innovación requiere del apoyo de componentes como el liderazgo, la cultura organizacional y la comunicación; de las herramientas de la gestión del conocimiento, gestión de la información y la gestión documental y de tener bien conformadas las actividades propias del proceso como gestión de ideas, gestión de proyectos y seguimiento, medición, análisis y mejora continua del proceso. Resultó, en este sentido, esencial cada uno de estos componentes para el diseño de un procedimiento para la innovación.
A pragmatic taxonomy of violent language in online interaction
Authors: Geng Wenwen
Published: December 2023

The features of mediated communication, along with those of internet language, enable cyber space to be a home for violent language, the adoption of which generally stems from the sender user’s intense emotions or malicious intentions. In accounting for the diffusion of violent language in online interaction from the perspective of cyberpragmatics and speech act theory, I deduce four major variables of violent language as target, intention, message and effect. Accordingly, the article suggests a pragmatic taxonomy of violent language in online interaction, which consists of six categories ranging from conventional violent language targeted at an individual to unconventional language which is not explicitly targeted. Analysis of the categories testifies that the use of violent language in online interaction is not confined to enemies or adversaries, but extends to people who are close to each other. In such a case, rather than ruin or undermine their relationship, violent language could maintain or even strengthen it. In addition to clarifying how to deal with internet language, the article offers some suggestions for further research.
’East Asian Pragmatics: Commonalities and Variations’ Xinren Chen and Doreen Dongying Wu (Eds.) (2023)
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Xingbing
Published: December 2023

East Asian Pragmatics: Commonalities and Variations Xinren Chen and Doreen Dongying Wu (Eds.) (2023) Routledge
The Research Data Landscape in Aotearoa New Zealand: A report undertaken in partnership with the Aotearoa New Zealand Committee on Data in Research (CoDiR)
Authors:   The University of Waikato, Sterling Rogena , Blake Michelle ,   The University of Waikato, Jones Nick ,   University of Auckland, Hartshorn Richard ,   University of Canterbury, Kukutai Tahu
Published: December 2023

Data and datasets are often described as a core strategic asset for Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa) and indispensable for the government’s ambition of being a small nation with an advanced, adaptive, and inclusive economy. In the context of our research, science and innovation (RSI) ecosystem, the value of data cannot be overstated. The purpose of this report is to provide a review (the Review) of Aotearoa’s research data landscape. Research data are data that are used as primary sources to support technical or scientific enquiry, research, or artistic activity; as evidence in the research process; and/or are commonly accepted in the research community as necessary to provide a foundation for, or validate research findings and results. The Review covers four core areas: • Te Tiriti o Waitangi and data sovereignty • research data ecosystems • research data infrastructure • research data cultures. Although informed by international data landscape reviews, this Review emphasises the unique considerations and structural features of the Aotearoa data landscape. Based on our analysis and observations from a series of targeted workshops, we provide a set of recommendations on how to strengthen the system and advance shared aspirations for better outcomes. The recommendations are organised under the five headings from Nosek’s Pyramid of Social Change, setting out a phased strategy for culture and behaviour change. In implementing these recommendations, we recognise that the articles of Te Tiriti should be embedded throughout, consistent with sector requirements (MBIE, 2023d).
Variability of Perm Old Believers’ Name System in the Early 20th-Century Middle Prikamye
Authors:   Perm State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University, Zapolskikh Evgeniya V.
Published: December 2023

The article describes the variability of the name system of Perm Old Believers — former peasants of the Stroganov Perm estate living in Middle Prikamye in the early 20th c., that ostensibly belonged to the Chasovennye confession. The research is based on the Perm Old Believers’ metric books of 1908–1917 from the Bogorodskaya, Vasilyevskaya, Stryapuninskaya and Malo-Zagarskaya communities, featuring the naming records made by Old Believers’ mentors. The database under study consists of 1082 names including duplicates and variants of names (as distinct from Believers’ and Orthodox name forms due to phonetic, morphological, and other transformations) that are the main object of the research. The variety of personal name forms is explained by the Old Russian principle of permissible variability of personal names in the Old Believers’ community. Another reason for the variability is the diversity of the Old Believers’ culture as such, embracing many confessions, communities, and traditions. The main research method was stratigraphic analysis, i.e., comparing Old Believers’ names with the names from sources of the earlier periods. This one showcases the consistency of naming tradition with the anthroponymy that was in use before the schism. The age of historical sources and types of transformations in groups of names determine the chronological layers within the name system. It was also established that the variability was reinforced by the preservation of the old “pre-Nikonite” (Menaions, Synaxaria) books which the Perm Old Believers used for naming. The preservation of the ancient name forms, particularly the relict forms with extra-short ъ/ь became possible due to the preserved tradition of special Old Believers’ singing (so-called, Khomovy Chant), in which ъ/ь are sung as syllabic ones, respectively о/е. It has also been revealed that the variability of personal names is partly caused by the peculiarities of the North Russian dialects.
Onomastic Space of Ekaterinburg: Level-Based Markers of Regional Identity
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Vepreva Irina T. , Kharitonova Anastasia V. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: December 2023

The paper examines the onomastic space of the city of Ekaterinburg containing regional linguocultural information through the lens of a three-level model of onymic identity markers as “part of the collective regional identity manifested in general language and speech activity” (Marina V. Golomidova). This space is formed by a set of urban proper names with different scope of reference — from the astyonym naming the city, through urbanonyms naming districts, streets, and other urban topographical objects, to advertising names in the broad sense of the word. On the first level, the authors describe the stages of the city’s renaming (Ekaterinburg / Sverdlovsk), analyze colloquial stylistic variants of the astyonym, identify figurative appellations motivated by the modern socio-political situation. The class of urbanonyms, markers of the second level of regional identity, includes the names of streets, squares, parks, alleys, boulevards, districts, metro stations, individual buildings, as well as names of residential complexes. Amongst this variety, several naming themes related to the regional features of Ekaterinburg were identified and analyzed. The third level of regional identity markers is a group of advertising names regarded as any product name in the broadest sense of the word: these are the names of commercial enterprises (ergonyms), names of mass media (hemeronyms), names of festivals, competitions, concerts (georthonyms), names vehicles (poreonyms). These names are coined for marketing needs and pursue the ideas of the name giver. The large number of regionally marked advertising names in the onomastic space of Ekaterinburg indicates to the residents’ awareness of the unique character of the territory, the positivity of its perception, emotional connection, and regional identity. Advertising names continue and develop the naming themes set by the previous levels.
On the Problem of Separate and Hyphenated Spelling of Russian Toponyms with Postpositive Adjective
Authors:   V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the RAS, Arutyunova Elena V.
Published: December 2023

The paper explores the problem of separate and hyphenated spelling of place names with a postnominal adjective such as Strugi(-)Krasnye. It provides a general review of the spelling rules for place names that include adjectives and covers various structural and semantic types of toponyms with postpositive adjectives. Using examples retrieved from dictionaries and legal documents (State Index of Place Names, etc.) the author identifies the preferred spelling variants for each type of toponym, as well as possible spelling motivations, investigates the orthographic history and officially approved spellings of toponyms including the settlement name Strugi Krasnye and the Strugo-Krasnensky district. It has been established that the codification of place names with a postpositive adjective is not fully aligned with the current rule on their hyphenated spelling, which poses the problem of choosing the right spelling policy to use in such cases. The two main factors that influence this choice are: the generally accepted separate spelling of structures with a postpositive inflected adjective, on the one hand, and the tendency to hyphenize the components of the name to create a compound, on the other. The positive and negative sides of both choices are considered. The conclusion is that the hyphenated spelling of the “noun + adjective” pattern is more convenient as it allows us to rely on formal features without looking into the history of the name formation: to apply this rule correctly it only takes to determine if the second component is an adjective by form (although by origin it can be, in fact, a standalone name, i.e. a substantivized adjective). At the same time, changing the rule will create a problem of orthographical differentiation between such names as Ilyinskoye-Khovanskoye and Ilyinskoye Kesemskoye.
Materials for a Dictionary of Collective Nicknames of the Perm Region Residents
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Rusinova Irina I. , Chernykh Alexander V. ,   Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS
Published: December 2023

The paper provides the outcomes of the authors’ ongoing research on Russian collective nicknames of the Perm region. It significantly complements the previously published part, dealing with the features of usage, semantics, and historical significance of local collective nicknames as evidence of the settlement of the Perm region by Russians. This paper approaches the material from lexicographical perspective, which, in combination with the first part, delivers the most complete picture to date of the nature of collective nicknames in the region. The studied units are retrieved from several sources: materials of field trips led by the authors and other Perm researchers since the 1990s; dictionaries of Russian dialects of the Perm region and card indexes of dictionaries; “Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects”, a number of onomastic dictionaries, modern ethnographic, folklore and ethnolinguistic collections on the traditional culture of the Russian population of the Perm region; works on local ethnography and folklore published in the 19th — first half of the 20th century. Dictionary entries are arranged in alphabetical order. The article examines collective nicknames as such (their phonetic and word-formation variants, if any); their interpretation (which territorial group of people they refer to); geographical label (the place where the name was recorded); usage contexts and explanations for the nickname if available. The nicknames used for residents of different settlements, villages, and regions are considered as polysemantic words with different meanings. If a collective nickname includes a qualifying toponymic epithet, it is enclosed in parentheses. In cases where a settlement appeared near a factory, the factory name is specified along with the modern oikonym.
“Physics with Chocolate Taste”: A Cognitive-Pragmatic Approach to the Titles of Iranian Educational Books
Authors:   Payame Noor University, Famian Ali Reza Gholi
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates some linguistic strategies in educational books titling aimed at Iranian high school students. In Iran, the competition for admission in top universities is very significant, and thus studying supplementary material for school subjects is highly required. The books published by the Ministry of Education lack flexibility and innovation, and as such, the demand for high quality materials is very high, and consequently a rewarding book market has been formed. In this competitive market, publishers do their best to attract a higher number of customers, and choosing eye-catching titles for their published books is one of the most decisive marketing tasks. In the present study, a total of 120 book titles have been collected and analyzed. In terms of the cognitive processes, it was found that strengthening and mitigation play a significant role in creating book titles. According to the findings, the cognitive operation of strengthening is more dominant than mitigation: in 46 cases of book titles (25.8%), one positive feature is linguistically strengthened to promote book selling, with only 11 cases involving the mitigation process. It is also shown that authors and publishers tend to employ metaphors to create attractive titles for their books. The pattern BOOK IS A JOURNEY tends to be the most frequent metaphor (17 items), followed by those related to food (14), game (12), medicine (6), animal (4), and weapon (3). Some titles showcase a kind of allusion to literary works or cultural symbols reflected in various forms of arts and media.
The Relationship Between Credit Default Swap (Cds), Central Government External Debt Stock, and the Current Account Deficit in Türkiye
Authors: NOYAN Emrah , İDİKUT ÖZPENÇE Aylin
Published: December 2023

Debt ratios are often a static indicator of the borrowing situation in an economy. Since the debt burden, interest burden, or ratio to the national income of an economy shows the current situation, it does not provide health information for the future. Dynamic indicators are needed to understand potential debt relationships in the future. CDS spreads, which are based on a swap transaction and gained importance after the global crisis, have recently been used as a dynamic debt ratio. There are basically two reasons for this situation. The first reason is that static analyses are considered insufficient by market participants. The other reason is that CDS spreads clearly reveal the risk cost for the lender. The reason for the current account deficit and external borrowing can be sometimes the increased need for foreign exchange in a country. When considering foreign exchange and interest rate swaps within this framework, the relationship between the current account deficit and CDS spreads becomes more pronounced. This is because, among the reasons for foreign exchange inflows and outflows, there are factors such as foreign trade transactions, external borrowing, and swap transactions. The study analyzed the variables of central government external debt stock, current account deficit, and CDS spreads using wavelet coherence analysis in the R Studio program for the period of 2008:1-2023:3. The main reason for choosing this analysis method is that it obtains findings for the entire time period included in the analysis and increases the data set to very high dimensions with simulation. This characteristic of the analysis enhances the validity level of the findings. The study found no relationship between the central government external debt stock and CDS spreads in Türkiye, except for the two years following the 2008 global financial crisis. Additionally, a positive relationship was identified between the current account deficit and CDS spreads. These findings indicate that in Türkiye, the current account deficit has a greater impact on CDS spreads compared to the components of CDS spreads.
A General Model for Aggregating Annotations Across Simple, Complex, and Multi-Object Annotation Tasks
Authors: Braylan Alexander , Marabella Madalyn , Alonso Omar , Lease Matthew
Published: December 2023

Human annotations are vital to supervised learning, yet annotators often disagree on the correct label, especially as annotation tasks increase in complexity. A common strategy to improve label quality is to ask multiple annotators to label the same item and then aggregate their labels. To date, many aggregation models have been proposed for simple categorical or numerical annotation tasks, but far less work has considered more complex annotation tasks, such as those involving open-ended, multivariate, or structured responses. Similarly, while a variety of bespoke models have been proposed for specific tasks, our work is the first we are aware of to introduce aggregation methods that generalize across many, diverse complex tasks, including sequence labeling, translation, syntactic parsing, ranking, bounding boxes, and keypoints. This generality is achieved by applying readily available task-specific distance functions, then devising a task-agnostic method to model these distances between labels, rather than the labels themselves.
This article presents a unified treatment of our prior work on complex annotation modeling and extends that work with investigation of three new research questions. First, how do complex annotation task and dataset properties impact aggregation accuracy? Second, how should a task owner navigate the many modeling choices in order to maximize aggregation accuracy? Finally, what tests and diagnoses can verify that aggregation models are specified correctly for the given data? To understand how various factors impact accuracy and to inform model selection, we conduct large-scale simulation studies and broad experiments on real, complex datasets. Regarding testing, we introduce the concept of unit tests for aggregation models and present a suite of such tests to ensure that a given model is not mis-specified and exhibits expected behavior.
Beyond investigating these research questions above, we discuss the foundational concept and nature of annotation complexity, present a new aggregation model as a conceptual bridge between traditional models and our own, and contribute a new general semisupervised learning method for complex label aggregation that outperforms prior work.
A case study of industrial heritage buildings at the Rjukan and Notodden site in Norway
Authors: Haupt Thomas
Published: December 2023

The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) site of Rjukan and Notodden in Norway consists of unique industrial heritage values because of its architecture and engineering from the first decades of the twentieth century. During this period, construction technology experienced speedy developments in Norway, and many different building systems influenced the construction industry. Today, the preserved site with 24 selected industrial buildings offers great insight into the diversity of industrial heritage but bears also substantial conservation challenges. This presents a unique research opportunity, and this case study, which is part of a larger research project, aims to establish an overview of industrial building systems and architecture. The study revealed that industrial and high-rise structures have many commonalities despite very different architectural expressions and functions. Progression from craft-driven to prefabricated mass construction was not an isolated incident but a result of global industrialisation. This affected construction technology and influenced the evolution of both building typologies. Studying and analysing how case buildings resist loads and how that relates to system development helps understand the industrial heritage of this site. Through findings, this research intends to support heritage conservation schemes where practising architects, engineers and contractors can apply them for forthcoming project work.
Análisis jurídico de la causa criminal contra el General Antonio Nariño
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Gómez Tamayo Daniel Fernando
Published: December 2023

El General Antonio Nariño fue el precursor del movimiento independentista de la Nueva Granada con respecto de la Corona Española al traducir la declaración de los derechos humanos del francés al castellano, motivo por el cual fue enjuiciado y fue el defensor del centralismo político. Este proceso criminal contra el General Antonio Nariño tendrá como pretexto la traducción y publicación del documento en el que se contiene la Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano, traducida del francés al español hacia el año de 1793, pues temen que Antonio Nariño auspicie, sea el autor intelectual y geste un verdadero movimiento independentista y emancipatorio en contra de la Corona Española. Algunos de estos documentos fueron analizados en la Sala de Libros Raros y Manuscritos Históricos de la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango.