bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of telehealth interventions in suicide prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shoib Sheikh , Shaheen Nour , Anwar Almoatazbellah , Saad Abdelrahman M. , Mohamed Akr Laila , I Saud Alaa , Kundu Mrinmoy , Nahidi Mahsa , Chandradasa Miyuru , Swed Sarya , Saeed Fahimeh
Published: November 2023

Background:

Suicidal attempt is a significant risk factor for future attempts, with the highest risk during the first-year post-suicide. Telepsychiatry has shown promise by providing easy access to evidence-based interventions during mental health crises.

Aims:

investigation the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in suicide prevention

Methods:

Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid) were systematically searched for studies on patients undergoing telepsychiatry intervention (TPI) up to June 2022. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in suicide prevention. Continuous data were pooled as standardised mean difference (SMD), and dichotomous data were pooled as risk ratio using the random effects model with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:

Sixteen studies were included in the review. Most studies were case-control and randomised controlled trials conducted in Europe and North America. The findings of the studies generally showed that TPIs are effective in reducing suicide rates (odds ratio = 0.68; 95% CI [−0.47, 0.98], p = .04) and suicidal reattempts. The interventions were also found to be well-accepted, with high retention rates.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that TPIs are well-accepted and effective in reducing suicide rates and reattempts. It is recommended to maintain telephone follow-ups for at least 12 months. Further research is needed to understand the potential of telepsychiatry in suicide prevention fully.
The taken children of Ukraine
Authors: Fronek Patricia , Rotabi-Casares Karen S , Lypovetska Marina
Published: November 2023

The invasion of Ukraine paints a complex picture for children. Russia has been accused of kidnapping and genocide, violating international rights and humanitarian laws. Some children taken by Russia will be adopted, all will be Russified, and the fate of others is unknown. Children of all ages taken from families or institutions have become weapons of war. Attempts at ‘rescues’ for the purpose of adoption mean children are also at risk from other actors. Social workers and NGOs play important roles in work with these children and their families. The Taken Children of Ukraine is the focus of this article.
Impact of Spectators, League and Team Ability on Home Advantage in Professional European Basketball
Authors: Alonso Pérez-Chao Enrique , Portes Rubén , Ribas Carlos , Lorenzo Alberto , Leicht Anthony S. , Gómez Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2023

Our aim in this study was to examine the impact of fans (vs. no fans), geographical location of league, and team ability on home winning percentage (HW%) or home advantage (HA) in professional European basketball. Data were collected from five prestigious professional, national basketball leagues within Europe (Spain, Germany, Italy, Greece and Israel) across 16 regular seasons (2005-2006 to 2020-2021). We conducted comparisons between matches with and without fans, location of leagues, team ability (High, Medium, Low), and combinations of these factors via non-parametric tests (e.g., Mann-Whitney tests, Kruskal-Wallis). We found significantly greater HA during matches with fans for leagues in Germany ( p = .001), Italy ( p = .012) and Spain ( p = .002). For matches with fans, HA and HW% were significantly different between several, but not all, leagues for high ( p < .05), medium ( p < .05) and low ( p < .02) team abilities. In conclusion, HA and HW% were enhanced by spectator attendance, with this phenomenon varying by location/region and team ability. Consideration of these multiple contextual factors may assist coaches and sport organizations to develop key strategies for enhanced team success.
Antisemitism is a Form of Racism – or is it?
Authors: Yuval-Davis Nira
Published: November 2023

The article discusses relationships between racism and antisemitism. It focuses on three major contestations that have taken place during the post-Second World War era(s) regarding the ways racism, antisemitism and the relationships between them should be analysed. The first examines the different academic disciplinary approaches from which racism and antisemitism need to be studied. The second concerns the relationship between antisemitism, racism and modernity, introducing the notion of ‘new antisemitism’, which has become entangled in this contestation. The third examines how understanding racism and antisemitism relates to the theory and politics of intersectionality. The article argues against exclusionary constructions of racism resulting from different forms of identity politics. It calls for an inclusive definition of racism in which vernacular and specific forms of racism can be contextualised and analysed within an encompassing de-centred non-Eurocentric definition of racism. Within such an analytical framework, antisemitism should be seen as a form of racism.
Effect of Prognostic Factors of Postoperative Radiotherapy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A SEER-Based Study
Authors: Li Chen-xi , Wang Zheng-ye , Tong Qiao-ying , Li Mu-qiu , Wei Wei , Gong Zhong-cheng
Published: November 2023

Objective: The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is dominated by surgery and radiochemotherapy, but its prognosis is still unsatisfactory, with around five tenths of 5-year survival. This study aimed to assess the prognosis of OSCC patients treated with surgery with and without postoperative radiotherapy. Study Design: Retrospective study. Methods: The clinicopathological information and follow-up datasets on patients with OSCC (T1-4 and/or N+) registered from 2010 to 2015 were downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Totally 7231 enrolled subjects were divided into a case group (surgery alone, n = 4167) and a control group (surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy, n = 3064). One-to-one matching was performed by propensity score matching to make the baseline data comparable between the 2 subgroups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) of various clinicopathological features. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to plot the survival curves. Results: The majority of patients in case group were tumor stage I (n = 2569, 61.7%), whereas most patients in control group were stages III to IV (n = 2360, 77.1%). In the case group, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS; 76%, 59.5%, 53.7%) were significantly lower than those of the control group (85.1%, 64.1%, 55.8%; P < .0001). Similarly, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the case group (80.2%, 66.6%, 63.3%) were significantly lower than those of the control group (87.2%, 69.3%, 63.9%, respectively; P < .0001). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that age, differentiation, clinical stage, and tumor-node-metastasis stage affected the prognosis of OSCC patients, while postoperative radiotherapy was a protective factor (OS: HR = 0.649, P < .001; CSS: HR = 0.702, P < .001). Conclusions: Postoperative radiation was an independent protective factor, hence, the combination of surgery plus radiotherapy is more beneficial for the survival of patients with OSCC, particularly for advanced cases.
Understanding the influence of problematic smartphone use on work productivity in the post-COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mouakket Samar , Aboelmaged Mohamed
Published: November 2023

The unfamiliar and unusual stressful conditions due to COVID-19 have motivated employees to excessively use smartphones for non-work-related activities to alleviate the negative feelings associated with these stressful conditions. To conceptualize our research model, we employed the Compensatory Internet Use Theory (CIUT), which is associated with problematic technology usage. The proposed model investigates the influence of the following negative factors that emerged because of COVID-19 as the determinants of problematic smartphone use (PSU): remote work arrangement (RWA), intolerance of uncertainty (IU), COVID-19 anxiety (CA), and social isolation (ISO). In addition, we suggest that, although employees tend to use smartphones excessively to alleviate stressful life conditions, these conditions (RWA, IU, CA, and ISO) will lead to emotional exhaustion (EE), which will consequently result in the excessive use of smartphones. Furthermore, we are investigating the influence of PSU on employee work productivity. Finally, we are also interested in exploring the moderating role of gender in the relationships within our model. The results have shown that all hypotheses are supported, except for the influence of RWA on EE and PSU, and the influence of CA on PSU. We believe that our findings will provide researchers and businesses with a deeper understanding of this critical issue, especially in the context of smartphone usage at work.
The 5-HT7 receptor system as a treatment target for mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Gottlieb Natalie , Li Tse-Yi , Young Allan H , Stokes Paul RA
Published: November 2023

Background:

Preclinical animal and preliminary human studies indicate that 5-HT7 antagonists have the potential as a new treatment approach for mood and anxiety disorders. In this systematic review, we aimed to review the relationship between the 5-HT7 receptor system and mood and anxiety disorders, and to explore the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of medications that target the 5-HT7 receptor for their treatment.

Methods:

Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO databases, the National Institute of Health website Clinicaltrials.gov, controlled-trials.com, and relevant grey literature were used to search for original research articles, and reference lists of included articles were then hand searched.

Results:

Sixty-four studies were included in the review: 52 animal studies and 12 human studies. Studies used a variety of preclinical paradigms and questionnaires to assess change in mood, and few studies examined sleep or cognition. Forty-four out of 47 (44/47) preclinical 5-HT7 modulation studies identified potential antidepressant effects and 20/23 studies identified potential anxiolytic effects. In clinical studies, 5/7 identified potential antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder, 1/2 identified potential anxiolytic effects in generalized anxiety disorder, and 3/3 identified potential antidepressant effects in bipolar disorders.

Conclusion:

While there is some evidence that the 5-HT7 receptor system may be a potential target for treating mood and anxiety disorders, many agents included in the review also bind to other receptors. Further research is needed using drugs that bind specifically to 5-HT7 receptors to examine treatment proof of concept further.
Value-based decision-making predicts alcohol use and related problems in young men
Authors: Petzold Johannes , Hentschel Angela , Chen Hao , Kuitunen-Paul Sören , London Edythe D , Heinz Andreas , Smolka Michael N
Published: November 2023

Background:

Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, disproportionately affecting young men. Heavy episodic drinking is particularly prevalent among men, with this behavior peaking between the ages of 20 and 24.

Aims:

We sought to identify dimensions of decision-making in men that would predict the development of hazardous alcohol use through emerging adulthood.

Methods:

This prospective observational study profiled value-based decision-making in 198 healthy men at age 18 and assessed their alcohol involvement annually until age 24. Latent growth curve modeling estimated individual variability in trajectories of alcohol involvement and regressed this variability on five choice dimensions.

Results:

Low loss aversion predicted sustained heavy episodic drinking from age 18 to 24. Both high delay discounting and risk-seeking for gains independently predicted a considerably higher cumulative alcohol use during these 6 years, with high delay discounting indicating escalating consumption from age 21. Risk-seeking for gains additionally predicted meeting more criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder in these 6 years. Risk-seeking for losses was not significantly related to alcohol outcomes. Choice preferences were largely independent of each other but were correlated with choice consistency, with low consistency predicting heavy episodic drinking from age 18 to 24 beyond these associations.

Conclusions:

The predictive effects collectively suggest that overvaluing immediate and probabilistic incentives, rather than underestimating harm, drives hazardous drinking in young men. The differential relations of choice preferences and consistency to alcohol involvement through emerging adulthood provide distinct cognitive-behavioral patterns that warrant consideration in the development of harm reduction interventions.
Neurovascular coupling in early stage dementia – A case-control study
Authors: van Dijk Suzanne E , Drenth Nadieh , Hafkemeijer Anne , Labadie Gerda , Witjes-Ané Marie-Noëlle W , Blauw Gerard J , Rombouts Serge ARB , van der Grond Jeroen , van Rooden Sanneke
Published: November 2023

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is frequently found post mortem in Alzheimer’s dementia, but often undetected during life especially since in vivo hallmarks of CAA and its vascular damage become overt relatively late in the disease process. Decreased neurovascular coupling to visual stimulation has been put forward as an early MRI marker for CAA disease severity. The current study investigates the role of neurovascular coupling in AD related dementia and its early stages. We included 25 subjective cognitive impairment, 33 mild cognitive impairment and 17 dementia patients and 44 controls. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and neuropsychological assessment. Univariate general linear modeling analyses were used to assess neurovascular coupling between patient groups and controls. Moreover, linear regression analyses was used to assess the associations between neurovascular coupling and cognition. Our data show that BOLD amplitude is lower in dementia (mean 0.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.001) and MCI patients (mean 0.9 ± 0.3, p = 0.004) compared with controls (mean 1.1 ± 0.2). A low BOLD amplitude was associated with low scores in multiple cognitive domains. We conclude that cerebrovascular dysfunction, most likely due CAA, is an important comorbidity in early stages of dementia and has an independent effect on cognition.
Bureaucratic Beliefs and Representation: Linking Social Identities, Attitudes, and Client Outcomes
Authors: Favero Nathan
Published: November 2023

Representative bureaucracy theory posits that the demographic makeup of a bureaucracy can affect how policy is implemented, especially when bureaucrats engage in “active representation” or behavior that directly advances the interests of a particular group in society. It is often assumed that active representation is motivated by the unique beliefs, convictions, or affinities experienced by bureaucrats holding particular social identities. But few studies of representative bureaucracy have attempted to directly measure the attitudes of bureaucrats, and even fewer studies examine whether such attitudes are meaningfully linked to policy outcomes. This study examines the social identities, self-perceived roles, and political preferences of local school administrators in Texas. The results confirm a link between bureaucratic managers’ social identities and distributional policy outcomes, while also suggesting that distinctive bureaucratic attitudes (as observed here) can offer at best a partial explanation for why the social identities of bureaucrats are linked to policy outcomes.
Fused filament fabrication in CAD education: A closed-loop approach
Authors: Totuk Onat Halis , Selvi Özgün , Akar Samet
Published: November 2023

Integrating low-cost fused filament fabrication 3D printing as a foundation for learning 3D modelling is explored. This method blends traditional computer aided design (CAD) instruction with additive manufacturing possibilities. Experimental results demonstrate increased comprehension speed and reduced learning time. This hands-on approach empowers students by enabling direct engagement with the modelling process. Analogous to reverse engineering, the strategy instructs engineering students from final product to model creation, closing the gap between theory and practice. Incorporating 3D printing bridges this divide, enhancing understanding, creativity and problem-solving. The study underscores technology's influence on learning strategies, aligning with the surge of 3D printing in education. Results link advanced design technology usage to improved student performance, with 3D-printed materials yielding 45% higher grades and 30% faster task completion. This study advocates curricular advancement for design-focused careers through enhanced technology integration and favourable 3D printing model reception.
Relationship between Horizontal Curve Geometry and Single-Vehicle Crash Occurrence on Rural Secondary Highways
Authors: Chakraborty Meghna , Gates Timothy J.
Published: November 2023

Single-vehicle crashes are overrepresented on rural two-lane highway curves. While prior work investigated the relationship between crash occurrence and aggregate curve characteristics, several important aspects related to curve geometry remain uninvestigated. To this end, research was undertaken to evaluate the safety effects associated with several specific horizontal curve-related geometric characteristics (including curve type, curve direction, tangent distance between curves, and curve design speed) on rural two-lane undivided highways, considering non-animal single-vehicle crashes. Eight years of crash data were obtained for 277 mi and 557 mi of curved state and county highway segments, respectively, within Michigan. Several mixed-effects negative binomial models, with county- and site-specific random intercepts, were developed separately for state and county highways. The model results indicated that several key geometric factors were associated with crash occurrence on rural two-lane highways, including curve type, curve direction, tangent distance approaching the curve, inner-curve tangent distance, and curve design speed. Each of the following geometric characteristics was associated with elevated single-vehicle crash occurrence: (1) compound and reverse curves (compared with simple curves); (2) left-turning curves (compared with right-turning); (3) curves with design speeds lower than the speed limit (compared with curves with higher design speeds); (4) longer tangent distances approaching a simple curve or the initial curve in a series; and (5) shorter inner-curve distances between successive compound or reverse curves. Compound or reverse curves should be avoided in favor of simple curves with an elongated inner-curve distance. Enhanced warning signage should be considered where such curve designs cannot be avoided.
Motor Vehicle Drivers’ Knowledge of Safely Traversing Highway-Rail Grade Crossings
Authors: Khattak Aemal J. , Farooq Muhammad Umer , Farhan Abdul
Published: November 2023

This study investigates motor vehicle drivers’ socioeconomic, personality, and attitudinal factors associated with their knowledge of safely traversing highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs). A three-step mail-based survey of randomly selected Nebraska households solicited responses from licensed drivers ( N = 980, response rate = 39%). Of the total 31 questions on the questionnaire, nine pertained to respondents’ knowledge of safely navigating HRGCs (e.g., what does a crossbuck sign require a driver to do when approaching a rail crossing?). Correct answers to the questions provided a measure of respondents’ knowledge of safely traversing HRGCs and led to their classification in five ordered categories. A random parameter probit model then assessed associations among respondents’ socioeconomic, personality, and attitudinal characteristics and the five ordered categories of their HRGCs negotiation knowledge. The estimated model revealed that drivers with negative or indifferent attitudes toward HRGCs, who were unemployed, or engaged in risky driving behavior around HRGCs were likely to be less informed about safe HRGCs navigation. Similarly, drivers that disliked waiting at HRGCs and those who did not receive information on HRGCs safety had lower levels of knowledge of safely negotiating HRGCs. Attentive drivers at HRGCs and those who routinely stopped in response to active train warning devices were associated with higher levels of knowledge. Drivers with negative or indifferent attitudes toward HRGCs were less knowledgeable about safe HRGCs navigation. The research findings are useful for targeted driver education and traffic safety programs, safety professionals, and policymakers engaged in HRGCs safety.
Recruiting via the Core: A Nontraditional Introduction to Economic Thinking
Authors: Swinton John R. , Conaway Brooke , Clark Christopher
Published: November 2023

Students often choose to major in economics after being introduced to the discipline through principles courses. Most of these courses cover the same general material, with an emphasis on theories and models. We offer general education courses that introduce economic thinking without emphasizing economic models or theories. Instead, these courses focus on critical thinking, social and economic issues, and ideologies. We find evidence that exposure to a first-year critical-thinking course taught by a member of the Department of Economics and Finance increases the probability that a student will choose to major in economics.

JEL Codes: A2, A22
The Symptom Experience of Older Adults with Mobility Difficulties: Qualitative Interviews
Authors: McKay Michelle A. , Cohn Alexis , O’Connor Melissa
Published: November 2023

Eighteen million older adults have mobility limitations, defined as difficulty walking a quarter of a mile or climbing stairs unassisted. Little is known about how symptom burden impacts mobility difficulty in older adults. Understanding the burden of symptoms responsible for mobility difficulties may be an area for intervention to improve mobility and to prevent adverse outcomes. We conducted 31 semi-structured qualitative interviews (one interview per participant) regarding the symptom burden experience associated with a current mobility difficulty. Thematic analysis revealed symptoms were limiting, were barriers to participation in daily activities, and produced a psychological and emotional burden that negatively impacted quality of life. Older adults employed various strategies to overcome the symptom burden. Participants also believed symptoms were a non-modifiable part of the aging process and at times felt disregarded by healthcare professionals. Future interventions should focus on reducing the symptom burden experience for older adults to improve mobility and prevent adverse outcomes.
Association Between Mid-arm Muscle Circumference and Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Adults
Authors: Spangler Hillary B. , Lynch David H. , Howard Annie Green , Tien Hsiao-Chuan , Du Shufa , Zhang Bing , Wang Huijun , Gordon Larsen Penny , Batsis John A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Dementia affects 55 million people worldwide and low muscle mass may be associated with cognitive decline. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) correlates with dual-energy Xray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analyses, yet are not routinely available. Therefore, we examined the association between MAMC and cognitive performance in older adults.

Methods

We included community-dwelling adults ≥55 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Cognitive function was estimated based on a subset of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (0-27, low-high) during years (1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2018). A multivariable linear mixed-effects model was used to test whether MAMC was associated with rate of cognitive decline across age groups and cognitive function overall.

Results

Of 3702 adults (53% female, 63.2 ± 7.3 years), mean MAMC was 21.4 cm ± 3.0 and baseline cognitive score was 13.6 points ±6.6. We found no evidence that the age-related rate of cognitive decline differed by MAMC ( P = .77). Declines between 5-year age groups ranged from −.80 [SE (standard error) .18] to −1.09 [.22] for those at a mean MAMC, as compared to −.86 [.25] to −1.24 [.31] for those at a 1 MAMC 1 standard deviation above the mean. Higher MAMC was associated with better cognitive function with .13 [.06] higher scores for each corresponding 1 standard deviation increase in MAMC across all ages.

Conclusion

Higher MAMC at any age was associated with better cognitive performance in older adults. Understanding the relationship between muscle mass and cognition may identify at-risk subgroups needing targeted interventions to preserve cognition.
“We Found Love”: Romantic Video Game Involvement and Desire for Real-Life Romantic Relationships Among Female Gamers
Authors: Wu Yuehua , Cai Weijia , Mensah Sandra Asantewaa
Published: November 2023

Despite the increasing popularity of female-oriented romantic video games (RVGs, also known as otome games) in Asia, research on this topic is scarce. Drawing upon social exchange theory and social cognitive theory, the current study examined the association of RVG involvement and desire for real-life romantic relationships (RLRRs), and tested a SEM path model delineating the possible pathways linking RVG involvement to RLRR desire. A survey method was adopted to collect data from female RVG players on an online otome games forum in China. Results from a valid sample of 353 respondents (aged 18 or older) showed the direct, indirect, and total effects of RVG involvement on players’ interest in real-life dating and marriage relationships were all negatively significant. It was found that gamers’ avatar identification and parasocial relationships with romantic targets significantly mediated the relationship between RVG involvement and RLRR desire. Adding to a comparatively under-explored line of inquiry on the role of computer games in shaping real-life romance, this study contributes to both game effects and romantic media consumption literature.
Speech Outcomes of Buccal Myomucosal Flap Palatal Lengthening for Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lentskevich Marina A. , Yau Alice , Figueroa Ariel E. , Termanini Kareem M. , Gosain Arun K.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Buccal myomucosal flaps (BMF) anatomically lengthen the palate in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). We systematically reviewed the existing literature on speech outcome of BMF palatal lengthening.

Design

Three databases were used to identify studies of interest published in English. Studies that did not use standardized speech assessments were excluded. PRISMA checklist was followed, and the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed.

Setting

Long-term follow up of patients.

Patients

With history of cleft palate presenting with VPI.

Intervention

BMF palatal lengthening.

Main Outcome Measure

Random-effects model meta-analyses were performed for hypernasality, intelligibility, and nasal air emission score improvements, which were derived from reported preoperative and postoperative scores, and controlled for variability of scales and timing of postoperative assessment.

Results

From the initial 7115 articles, 13 were included in this review. Two of these had a significant patient overlap and a study with a smaller patient population was excluded. All 12 included articles met the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool criteria. Six retrospective studies evaluated 230 patients and six prospective studies evaluated 181 patients. The most common indications for BMF were large size of the velopharyngeal gap and prior surgery for VPI. Meta-analyses demonstrated effect sizes below zero, confirming the improvement of standardized assessment scores in patients with VPI after BMF palatal lengthening. Egger regressions revealed low risk of publication bias.

Conclusions

BMF palatal lengthening provides adequate treatment for VPI in patients with large velopharyngeal gap size and a history of prior unsuccessful surgery.
A Complement to Traditional Treatments for Antibody-Mediated Rejection? Use of Eculizumab in Lung Transplantation: A Review and Early Center Experience
Authors: Kleiboeker Hanna L. , Prom Alyson , Paplaczyk Krista , Myers Catherine N.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

To review the efficacy and safety of eculizumab for prevention and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs).

Data Sources:

A literature search of PubMed and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (2007 to mid-October 2023) was performed using the following search terms: eculizumab, complement inhibitor, solid organ transplant, lung transplant, and AMR.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All relevant English-language studies were reviewed and considered.

Data Synthesis:

Eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds complement protein C5 to inhibit its cleavage and subsequent generation of the membrane attack complex, is currently approved to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, generalized myasthenia and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Given the role of antibodies directed against donor antigens that are produced by allospecific B-cells and plasma cells in AMR, eculizumab is being investigated for use within this indication. Three case reports have described the successful use of eculizumab for the prevention and treatment of AMR in LTRs. Given this lack of robust data, evidence for the use of eculizumab in other solid organ transplant recipients is of increased value. Early experiences from a single center’s use of eculizumab in LTRs are also described.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Lung transplant is a recognized treatment for end-stage lung disease, though complications posttransplant can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While prevention and management of AMR remains a substantial challenge without comprehensive guidance from societal guidelines, recently published literature may be helpful to guide clinical practice using alternative treatment options. However, this remains an area of great clinical importance, given the impact of AMR on long-term allograft function.

Conclusions:

Optimizing use of current therapies, as well as identifying and advancing novel therapeutic modalities such as eculizumab, are vital for the improvement of AMR prevention and treatment in LTRs to extend long-term allograft function and survival.
Mixed Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell Carcinoma, and Endometrioid Carcinoma Arising from an Endometriotic Cyst
Authors: Nagase Shunsuke , Saeki Harumi , Ura Ayako , Terao Yasuhisa , Matsumoto Toshiharu , Yao Takashi
Published: November 2023

Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm of the uterine corpus and ovary. Unlike prototypical mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, which is considered of Wolffian origin, recent evidence suggests that mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma is a Mullerian tumor associated with endometriosis. We report here on a 48-year-old woman with a mixed carcinoma of the ovary that consisted of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and endometrioid carcinoma, arising from an endometriotic cyst. The mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma consisted of cuboidal cells with vesicular nuclei presenting with a tubular, ductal, papillary, and solid architecture forming nodules. Each component showed distinct immunophenotypes that were consistent with their morphology. The mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma showed diffuse positive staining for paired box 8 and GATA binding protein 3, and negative staining for estrogen and progesterone receptors. A p53 stain exhibited wild-type immunoreactivity. A complete loss of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) expression was suggestive of an ARID1A mutation. Manual macrodissection and Sanger sequencing revealed identical KRAS and PIK3CA mutations in all three components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma combined with a clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma, which supports the hypothesis that mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma is an endometriosis-associated neoplasm. The report also highlights a potential pitfall in diagnosing mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma combined with clear cell carcinoma.
Comparison of Radiographic Talar Loosening Rates Between Salto-Talaris and INBONE II
Authors: Anastasio Albert T. , Adams Samuel B. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. , Lee Dong-Oh
Published: November 2023

Background:

Despite substantial increase in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) nationwide, there are few studies comparing flat-cut vs chamfer-cut talar systems in TAA with regard to radiographic aseptic loosening rates of the implant.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 189 Salto-Talaris TAA and 132 INBONE II primary TAA with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Patient characteristics were obtained including gender, age at surgery, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, primary diagnosis, surgical time, and the presence of diabetes. Radiographic evidence for aseptic loosening was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed for comparison in outcomes between Salto-Talaris and INBONE II.

Results:

The mean age of the study population was 63.5 ± 9.8 years at surgery. Mean follow-up was 4.9 ± 3.0 years. Radiographic aseptic loosening of the tibial implant showed no significant difference between the 2 groups: Salto-Talaris, 18%, and INBONE II, 18.9% ( P = .829). Aseptic loosening of the talar implant also showed no significant difference between the 2 groups: Salto-Talaris, 1.6%, and INBONE II, 1.5% ( P = .959). No variables, including the implant type, were found to contribute to the aseptic loosening rate of either the tibia or talus.

Conclusion:

In our cohort, we observed no difference in radiographic implant aseptic loosening between Salto-Talaris and INBONE II systems.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series study.
An Exploration of Productivity Costs and Years of Potential Life Lost: Understanding the Impact of Premature Mortality From Injury in Mongolia
Authors: Altangerel Purevgerel , Damdinbazar Otgonbayar , Borgilchuluun Urjinbadam , Batbayar Dorjmyagmar , Erdenebat Batmanduul , Purevdorj Tseden , Yundendorj Gantugs
Published: November 2023

This study estimates the years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential productive life lost (YPPLL), and cost of productivity loss (CPL) owing to injury-related mortalities in Mongolia. By implementing a retrospective cohort study, the study used secondary mortality data for Mongolia from 2016 to 2020 from the Health Development Center. Our study incorporates information on 13 551 fatalities from injuries and external factors, with the aim of estimating YPLL, YPPLL, and CPL associated with the leading causes injury-induced deaths. These include exposure to toxic substances, road accidents, homicides, suicides, and falls. Our findings reveal majority of the losses occur because of exposure to poisonous chemicals, road accidents, suicides, falls, and homicides. Furthermore, 444 550 years of potential life are lost owing to injury-related mortalities, in which YPPLL accounts for 338 482 years. The CPL caused by these premature deaths during the study period accounts for $1.368 billion. Notably, YPLL, YPPLL, and CPL rates are significantly higher in males than in females. The YPLL from exposure to poisonous chemicals is higher than those caused by other factors. This study is the first to calculate the CPL owing to YPLL from injury in Mongolia.
Traditional postpartum rituals among immigrant and non-immigrant Chinese women
Authors: Dennis Cindy-Lee , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Brown Hilary K. , Grigoriadis Sophie , Vigod Simone N. , Marini Flavia C. , Fung Kenneth
Published: November 2023

Due to cultural and systemic factors, Chinese-Canadians tend to use mental health services less or when mental health problems are more severe. Services need to be more culturally responsive in their treatment of mental illness. Around important life events, when there may be heightened vulnerability to mental illness, this is especially important. In this study, postpartum cultural practices were examined among recent immigrant, longer-term immigrant, and Canadian-born Chinese women. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 493 women in Toronto, Ontario, with livebirths in 2011–2014. Participants completed a demographic survey and Postpartum Rituals Questionnaire. Most women (82.2%) practiced at least one postpartum ritual. Younger age (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87–0.99) and greater participation in the heritage culture (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.02–1.61) were associated with ritual practice. From among five types of postpartum rituals identified (i.e., avoidance of homeostatic disturbances, dietary practices, wind avoidance, organized support, and cold avoidance), dietary practices were most commonly undertaken and cold avoidance was least commonly undertaken. There were differences in postpartum ritual patterns by immigration status, with immigrant women being more likely to undertake a greater number of rituals, to attribute these rituals to Chinese culture, and to ascribe health benefits to these rituals and being less likely to feel forced into performing these rituals. Our findings underscore the importance of clinicians becoming more aware of Chinese postpartum rituals to provide women with culturally competent and patient-centered care.
Between Hope and Loss: Peruvian Women Activists’ Visual Contestations of Extractive-led Development
Authors: Jenkins Katy
Published: November 2023

This paper critically explores how women anti-mining activists conceptualize development, in the context of living with and resisting large-scale resource extraction in Cajamarca, Peru. I contend that participatory photography provides an opportunity to contest hegemonic development narratives and the notions of ‘lack’, ‘poverty’ and ‘progress’ that are bound up with such narratives, enabling participants to simultaneously evoke both hoped-for alternative futures and nostalgic renditions of a threatened present. Moving beyond an explicit and immediate focus on the socially and environmentally destructive nature of large-scale mining, I explore how the women instead document productive Andean livelihoods and everyday ways of life, capturing the ways in which hoped-for futures are enacted in the present. The women activists articulate their resistance through photography, identifying and celebrating practices of hope in their everyday lives and communities and providing an emotive counter-narrative to extractive-led neoliberal development discourses. The paper reveals that participatory photography approaches generate critical insight into the emotion-suffused ways in which development is understood by grassroots activists in contexts of extractivism.
Determining the Spread: Potential Biomarkers and Treatment for Seizure-Induced-Spreading Depolarization in a Mouse Model of Genetic Epilepsy
Authors: Joyal Katelyn G. , Buchanan Gordon F.
Published: November 2023

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Qualitative Research with Pakistani Communities: The Implications and Emotional Impact of a Shifting Insider–Outsider Position
Authors: Bashir Nadia
Published: November 2023

Starting from a Black feminist standpoint, this reflexive article uniquely draws on empirical data and recollections from two research studies to consider experiences of researching Pakistani communities from the assumed position of an insider. In doing so the article provides a first-hand account of insider-outsider experiences in the field from the perspective of a qualitative researcher (who is a woman of minority ethnic background). Examples from the data reveal how factors such as a deep understanding of social and religious practices constitute types of insider knowledge necessary for gathering culturally relevant and fine-grained information. The methodological and ethical advantages and dilemmas of conducting research positioned as an insider include, knowledge of place and cultural identification as aiding access to and research with communities seldom heard in research, but also how commonalities–gender, race– can fuel participant reluctance and hostility. The articles main contribution, however, is to expose the shifting nature of the insider-outsider position whereby in some instances the assumed insider can become an outsider. This has methodological and ethical implications such as profound emotional impacts on the researcher and potentially destabilising effects on research.
The Design of the Electronic Health Record in Type 1 Diabetes Centers: Implications for Metrics and Data Availability for a Quality Collaborative
Authors: Eng Donna , Ospelt Emma , Miyazaki Brian , McDonough Ryan , Indyk Justin A. , Wolf Risa , Lyons Sarah , Neyman Anna , Fogel Naomi R. , Basina Marina , Gallagher Mary Pat , Ebekozien Osagie , Alonso G. Todd , Jones Nana-Hawa Yayah , Lee Joyce M
Published: November 2023

Background:

Systematic and comprehensive data acquisition from the electronic health record (EHR) is critical to the quality of data used to improve patient care. We described EHR tools, workflows, and data elements that contribute to core quality metrics in the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI).

Method:

We conducted interviews with quality improvement (QI) representatives at 13 T1DX-QI centers about their EHR tools, clinic workflows, and data elements.

Results:

All centers had access to structured data tools, nine had access to patient questionnaires and two had integration with a device platform. There was significant variability in EHR tools, workflows, and data elements, thus the number of available metrics per center ranged from four to 17 at each site. Thirteen centers had information about glycemic outcomes and diabetes technology use. Seven centers had measurements of additional self-management behaviors. Centers captured patient-reported outcomes including social determinants of health (n = 9), depression (n = 11), transition to adult care (n = 7), and diabetes distress (n = 3). Various stakeholders captured data including health care professionals, educators, medical assistants, and QI coordinators. Centers that had a paired staffing model in clinic encounters distributed the burden of data capture across the health care team and was associated with a higher number of available data elements.

Conclusions:

The lack of standardization in EHR tools, workflows, and data elements captured resulted in variability in available metrics across centers. Further work is needed to support measurement and subsequent improvement in quality of care for individuals with type 1 diabetes.
The presuppositional interview as a means of transparent reflexive practice in grounded theory
Authors: van Veggel Nieky , Allison Janet , Goldspink Sally , Engward Hilary
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how presuppositional interviews can develop reflexive transparency in grounded theory methodologies. Grounded Theory aims to generate understanding of a given socio-psychological process using a systematic methodology for gathering, analysing and interpreting data. As the researcher is intrinsic to this process, reflexivity is an essential tool to explore and challenge the researcher unknown presuppositions that influence the research process and findings. Reflexivity in practice is challenging as it aims at identifying unknown influences which are by nature, hidden. In this paper, we demonstrate how presuppositional interviews can be applied to Classic and Constructivist grounded theory, and to qualitative research in general. We illustrate this process with two practical case studies, demonstrating how the presuppositional interview can be utilised to enhance transparent reflexive practice. We suggest the presuppositional interview enables higher levels of reflexivity and subsequent positive impact on praxis and the research process.
A Cross-Sectional Factor Analysis of COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Decisions in a Racially Diverse Western Pennsylvania Community
Authors: Sojati Jorna , Murali Anjana , Pressimone Catherine , Dakroub Allie
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Influenza and COVID-19 vaccination rates remain suboptimal, demanding new community-centric approaches that improve targeted counseling and increase vaccine uptake. Notably, racially diverse communities show high vaccine hesitancy, yet most existing vaccine studies focus on white, college-educated cohorts.

Objective:

Here, we identify factors influencing vaccination decisions of patients at Turtle Creek Primary Care clinic in Turtle Creek, PA, a racially-diverse borough.

Design:

A retrospective mixed-methods study of the predominantly non-white patient population at Turtle Creek Primary Care clinic, a clinic caring for >70% minority patients.

Results:

Fourteen factors emerged that patients reported were crucial to vaccine decision-making. Of these factors, top reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were trust in vaccines, vaccine side effects, perceived vaccine knowledge, and faith/religion. Top reasons for influenza vaccine hesitancy were perceived need, vaccine side effects, trust in vaccines, and habitual behaviors. We also uncovered correlations between vaccine decision factors and sociodemographic factors. Participants > 65-years-old were more likely to cite personal safety in choosing to get the COVID-19 vaccine, while non-white participants were more likely to cite others’ safety. Participants > 65-years-old were also more likely to cite personal safety in influenza vaccine decision-making, and non-female participants were more likely to cite perceived need for influenza vaccines.

Conclusions:

These data uncover targetable factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and aid in developing community-centered, personalized vaccine education approaches in Turtle Creek and analogous minority communities.
A Meta-Analysis of Variables Related to Burnout Among Chinese Preschool Teachers
Authors: Xu Xiuhong , Jiang Yuxin , Chen Lei
Published: November 2023

There are many studies on variables related to burnout among preschool teachers, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. This study explored the variables most associated with preschool teachers’ burnout through meta-analysis. The researchers conducted an extensive search of the China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Vip journal, and Wanfang databases. A total of 59 papers were included through strict inclusion criteria, and a total of 14 variables were analyzed. The results indicate that the variables that have large effect sizes with burnout are turnover intention ( r = 0.7124), job stress ( r = 0.4744), teacher efficacy ( r = −0.4331), and job satisfaction ( r = −0.4229). This study provides a data reference for the prevention and improvement of burnout among preschool teachers in China, and will also provide directions for further research to follow.