bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development Goals in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis of Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: Zeewaqar Malik
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The United Nations Global Sustainability Agenda 2030 introduces a transformative framework through its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are designed to achieve equitable, prosperous, and sustainable development globally. Unlike the incremental Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs aim for systemic changes across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, ensuring that no one is left behind. This research paper provides a comprehensive examination of Pakistan's progress towards achieving the SDGs under the UN Global Sustainability Agenda 2030. Specifically, it includes an analysis of the prioritization of SDGs in Pakistan, highlights federal and institutional initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development, and explores the role of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in advancing these goals. Additionally, the paper critically analyzes the SDGs in Pakistan’s annual status report, identifies the key challenges faced by the nation in implementing these goals, and offers recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of SDG implementation. Overall, the focus is primarily on the detailed analysis of the annual status report, the challenges encountered, and strategic recommendations for achieving excellence in SDGs in Pakistan. Purpose: The objectives of this research are to assess how effectively Pakistan has prioritized the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within its national framework, identifying the key areas of focus. This includes exploring the role of key federal institutions and initiatives, such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), in advancing the country’s SDGs. Additionally, the study aims to analyze the development and framework of the 17 SDGs in Pakistan by evaluating the country's status report on SDGs implementation. Furthermore, the research will examine the challenges Pakistan faces in achieving significant outcomes on the SDGs and provide actionable recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness and success of these initiatives.
Instrument Selection in Panel Data Models with Endogeneity: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Herce Postigo Álvaro , Salvador Manuel
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes the use of Bayesian inference techniques to search for and obtain valid instruments in dynamic panel data models where endogenous variables may exist. The use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allows for obtaining a reduced number of instruments in comparison to the high number of instruments commonly used in the literature, and Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) methods enable efficient exploration of the instrument space, deriving accurate point estimates of the elements of interest. The proposed methodology is illustrated in a simulated case and in an empirical application, where the partial effect of a series of determinants on the attraction of international bank flows is quantified. The results highlight the importance of promoting and developing the private sector in these economies, as well as the importance of maintaining good levels of credit worthiness.
Association of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Urogenital Infections in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Benoy Aleena , Fischer Louie , JOSEPH MERRIN , SABU JISA ELIZABATH , BIJURAJ POOJA , MATHEW STEBIN
Published: November 2024

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are known for efficacy in managing blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes and also improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes. However, increased risk of urogenital infections (UGIs) remains a significant concern in their safety profile. This study aimed to investigate the association between SGLT2i therapy and UGIs in a real-world clinical set up of a tertiary care centre in India. The key hypothesis was SGLT2i use is associated with incidence of UGIs while the secondary hypothesis included the relationship of the incidence of risk with the dose. Methods: This was a six-month prospective observational study, that enrolled 309 adults ≥18 years of age, who were newly prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly Dapagliflozin 5 mg and 10 mg from October 2023. The incidence of UGIs was assessed through patient interviews and medical records during the follow up from 2 weeks of initiation. UGIs were defined as clinical manifestations that resolved on SGLT2i discontinuation or appropriate treatment. Results: Of 309 initiators, 300 patients were followed up. 9 patients didn’t follow up in OPD. From these, 58 (19.3%)patients developed UGIs, comprising of 47 (15.6%) bacterial infections and 11 (3.6%) UGIs of fungal origin. The association was performed on basis of logistic regression analysis which revealed a statistically significant association of UGIs with the prescription of SGLT2i. Higher doses of SGLT2 inhibitors was observed to be associated with significantly increasing the risk of UGIs (p < 0.05). No significant risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), age, sex, HbA1c, or educational status were identified to have significant associations with UGI occurrence. Conclusion: This study highlights a clinically relevant association between SGLT2i use and urogenital infections.
Glue and Ethanol Mixture for Aneurysm Endovascular Treatment: Animal Lab Study, Imaging, and Histopathological Findings
Authors: Muto Massimo , Leone Giuseppe , Giordano Flavio , Guarnieri Gianluigi , Donna Antonio Di , Andreone Vincenzo , Maro Eva Di , Poli Alessandro , Fonti Niccolò , Caranci Ferdinando , Muto Mario
Published: November 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of penetration, permanence of occlusion and vascular changes induced by a newly modified mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (Glubran 2®), ethanol, and Lipidol® (GEL) in endovascular treatment of experimental aneurysms induced in swine. Methods: Bilateral pouch aneurysms were created in the wall of the internal carotid artery in eighteen pigs. The sixteen aneurysms were treated with a new mixture of GEL with different component proportions. Angiograms were obtained at the time of treatment and at 1, 4, and 16 weeks after treatment. According to the scheduled experimental design, subjects were sacrificed at the time of treatment and 7, 30, and 90 days after embolization of experimentally induced aneurysms. The internal carotid artery and aneurysms were resected en bloc and fixed for histopathologic study. Results: All the experimentally induced aneurysms were completely occluded by the used mixture and remained occluded for the study period without recanalization. Histopathologic studies revealed the presence of an acute inflammatory reaction of aneurysm wall even after 7 days post embolization with focal angionecrosis, followed by a chronic inflammation which induced a thickening of the wall. Conclusions: The mixture succeeded to induce a complete occlusion which remained stable until 90 days post-embolization. After seven days from embolization, the mixture polymerization was associated with an acute inflammatory response followed by a connective tissue proliferation which induced a thickening of aneurysm walls.
Thermal Softening Measurements of Refractory High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Temesi Ottó K. , Karacs Albert , Chinh Nguyen Q. , Varga Lajos K.
Published: November 2024

A home-built equipment will be presented able to measure thermal expansion and indentation up to 1100 oC. The principle of operation is similar to that of Rockwell hardness measurement. First, we apply a small load and measure the thermal expansion of the construction consisting of the sample holder quartz tube, the conical in-denter and the sample. Then we repeat the thermal cycle with such a high load that produces a deviation in thermal expansion already after 200-300 oC, compared to the previous thermal expansion measurement with low load. With increasing temperature, the indentation depth increases and at higher temperatures we already notice a contraction. The evolution of indentation depth as a function of temperature, d(T), we can obtain by sub-tracting the high load curve from the low load curve. Newly created phenomenological expressions will be tested to describe the thermal softening of pure metals and refractory HEAs. The results will be interpreted taking into account the allotropic transformations and temperature dependencies of elastic moduli. We are working on the instrument to extend the working temperature up to 1200 oC.
Mechanical Properties of Faecal Sludge and Its Influence on Moisture Retention
Authors: Rayavellore Suryakumar Arun Kumar , Parra-Angarita Sergio Luis , Léonard Angélique , Pocock Jonathan , Septien Santiago
Published: November 2024

The mechanical properties of faecal sludge (FS) influence its moisture retention characteristics to a greater extent, besides other properties. A comprehensive fundamental characterization of the mechanical properties is scarce in literature. This research focused on bulk and true densities, porosity, particle size distribution and zeta-potential, extracellular polymeric substances, rheology and dilatancy, microstructure analysis and compactibility, in the context of using the FS as a substitute for soil in land reclamation and bioremediation processes. FS from different on-site sanitation systems were collected from around Durban, South Africa. The porosity of the FS varied between 42% to 63%, with the zeta-potential in negative, below 10 mV. Over 95% of the particles were <1000 µm. The TB-EPS influenced the stability of the sludge, highest being in the septic tank with greywater sample. More proteins than carbohydrates also ascertained the anaerobic nature of the sludge. The results of the textural properties using penetrometer showed similar behaviour as that reported for sewage sludges. The dynamic oscillatory measurements exhibited a firm gel-like behaviour with a linear viscoelastic behaviour of the sludges due to the change in EPS because of anaerobicity. The high TS samples exhibited the role of moisture as a lubricating agent on the motion of solid particles, leading to dilatancy with reduced moisture, where the yield stress was no longer associated with the viscous forces but with the frictional contacts of solid-solid particle interactions. The filtration-compression cell test showed good compactibility, but presence of unbound moisture even at high pressure of 300 kPa.
Automatic Geometrical Optimization of Labyrinth Straight Seals for Steam Turbine, Based on Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Galván-González Sergio Ricardo , Tamayo-Soto Miguel Angel , Cerriteño-Sánchez Angel , Arias-Rojas Heriberto , Domínguez-Mota Francisco J.
Published: November 2024

The design of straight labyrinth seals for a steam turbine has had little progress concerning their geometry. As an auxiliary system, its current shape causes a significant loss of efficiency in this machine. Therefore, this study evaluates the application of an automatic optimization process to define more suitable seal profiles that increase the pressure ratio at each turbine stage. Multidisciplinary software, controlled by a Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA), has been coupled to optimize the seal shape of a steam turbine used for geothermal operation. By parameterizing the seal geometry, the leading edge was automatically manipulated with the numerical algorithm, obtaining a tendency of its shape towards 45° at the tip to the leading edge of the steam, which decreased the outlet pressure of the seal system by 5%. It is inferred that this practical methodology could easily update the seal design during the turbine re-powering operations.
Influence of Infection Origin, Type of Sampling and Weather Factors on the Periodicity of Some Infectious Pathogens in Marseille University Hospitals, France
Authors: Kaba Lanceï , Giraud-Gatineau Audrey , Colson Philippe , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Chaudet Hervé
Published: November 2024

This study aimed at systematically exploring seasonalities of a 16 years series of bacterial identifications in hospitalized patients, considering the infectious site and the community-acquired or hospital-associated origin. Deduplicated bacterial identifications from February 2004 to February 2020 were extracted from the data warehouse of the Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Mediterranée Infection surveillance system, along with their epidemiological characteristics. Each species’ series was processed using a scientific workflow based on TBATS time series model. Possible co-seasonalities were researched using seasonal peak clustering and series cross-correlations. From 575 bacterial species, only 86 had a sufficient number of cases for the study purpose and only the 15 most frequent species were described in detail. About 60% of species exhibited a seasonality for at least one series, and winter is the season with the most of seasonal peaks. Co-occurrence studies confirm the presence of seasonal complexes associating several species in a same infection location. Possible weather drivers were found for about a third of seasonal series. Seasonality is a frequent characteristic of bacterial infections. Our results showed significant associations of periodicity between pathogens, origin of infection and type of sampling, as well as significant associations of some species with one or more weather drivers.
Integrating Blockchain Technology into Mobility-as-a-Service Platforms for Smart Cities
Authors: Miron Radu , Hulea Mihai , Muresan Vlad
Published: November 2024

As cities evolve into smarter and more connected environments, there is a growing need for innovative solutions to improve urban mobility. This study examines the potential of integrating blockchain technology into passenger transportation systems within smart cities, with a particular emphasis on a blockchain-enabled Mobility as a Service (MaaS) solution. In contrast to traditional technologies, blockchain's decentralized structure improves data security and guarantees transaction transparency, thus reducing the risk of fraud and errors. The proposed MaaS framework enables seamless collaboration between key transportation stakeholders, promoting more efficient utilization of services like buses, trains, bike-sharing, and ride-hailing. By improving integrated payment and ticketing systems, the solution aims to create a smoother user experience while advancing urban goals of efficiency, environmental sustainability, and secure data handling. This research evaluates the feasibility of a Hyperledger Fabric-based solution, demonstrating its performance under various load conditions and proposing scalability adjustments based on pilot results. The conclusions indicate that blockchain-enabled MaaS systems have the potential to transform urban mobility. Further exploration into pilot projects and the expansion to freight transportation are needed for an integrated approach to city-wide transport solutions.
Assessing the Impact of Lymph Node Ratio and CA 19-9 Levels on Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Torun Mehmet , Akyüz Cebrail , Kol Deniz , Özbay Mehmet Ali
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study investigates the prognostic significance of lymph node ratio (LNR) and CA 19-9 levels on survival outcomes in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with the goal of refining risk stratification and guiding treatment strategies.
Methods: A retrospective cohort of 123 patients with histopathologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection was analyzed. Demographic, tumor-specific, and laboratory data, including LNR and CA 19-9 levels, were collected. ROC analysis was performed to establish optimal cut-off points, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate survival distributions across groups defined by LNR and CA 19-9 values.
Results: The cohort's median survival was 22 months, with a mean survival time of 45.36 ± 4.80 months. Patients with a positive LNR > 0.14 exhibited significantly shorter survival (median: 17 months) compared to those with an LNR ≤ 0.14 (median: 30.2 months, p = 0.001). ROC analysis confirmed LNR > 0.14 as an optimal cut-off for predicting mortality, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.646 (p = 0.007), sensitivity of 88.2%, and specificity of 42.7%.
CA 19-9 levels were also predictive of survival outcomes: patients with CA 19-9 levels ≥ 39 U/mL had a median survival of 17 months, significantly shorter than the 29-month median survival observed in patients with CA 19-9 < 39 U/mL (p = 0.034). Mortality rates were notably higher in patients with elevated CA 19-9 levels (78.4% vs. 63.3%). Combining both markers, patients with an LNR > 0.14 and CA 19-9 ≥ 39 U/mL demonstrated the poorest survival, with a cumulative survival rate of 0% by the 60th month. In contrast, those with LNR ≤ 0.14 and CA 19-9 < 39 achieved a cumulative survival rate of 33.6% at the 73rd month. This combined marker approach revealed statistically significant survival differences, underscoring the utility of using LNR and CA 19-9 jointly to stratify risk and predict outcomes (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: LNR and CA 19-9 levels are significant independent predictors of survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Elevated values in either marker correlate with reduced survival, while combining both enhances prognostic accuracy. Integrating these biomarkers into clinical evaluations could enable more effective risk stratification and guide therapeutic decisions, particularly for patients who may benefit from more aggressive treatment approaches.
Trends and Spatiotemporal Patterns of the Meteorological Drought in the Ili River Valley from 1961 to 2023: An SPEI-Based Study
Authors: Hang Su , Abbas Alim , Imin Bilal , Kasim Nijat , Zunun Zinhar
Published: November 2024

Drought presents significant challenges in arid regions, adversely impacting agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. In Xinjiang, Northwest China, although large-scale climatic phenomena are well studied, finer-scale climatic variability in subregions such as the Ili River Valley (IRV) remains understudied. This knowledge gap impairs effective agricultural planning and environmental management in this ecologically fragile but agriculturally important region. In this study, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of drought in the IRV from 1961 to 2023, using data from ten meteorological stations. We applied the SPEI drought Index alongside Sen's trend analysis, the Mann-Kendall test, the cumulative departure method, and wavelet analysis to examine drought patterns. Results indicate significant drying trends in the IRV beginning in 2005, with frequent drought events from 2015 onwards, and 2019 marking a key transition from wet to dry conditions. The overall drought rate was -0.09/10a, suggesting a milder drought severity in the IRV compared to broader Xinjiang. Seasonally, the IRV experiences drier summers and wetter winters relative to the region's averages, with negligible changes in autumn and milder drought conditions in spring. Abrupt changes in drying seasons occurred later than in Xinjiang, with delays of 5, 21, and over 37 years for spring, summer, and autumn, respectively, indicating a lagging response. Spatially, the western plains are more prone to aridification than the central and eastern mountainous regions. significant differences in drought cycles, longer than those in Xinjiang, with distinct wet-dry phases observed over multiple time scales and across seasons highlighting the complexity of drought variability in IRV. In conclusion, the Vally exhibits unique drought characteristics, with milder intensities, pronounced seasonal variation, spatial heterogeneity, and notable resilience to climate change. These findings emphasize the necessity of region-specific drought management strategies, as those effective on a larger regional scale may not be suitable for subregions.
Investigation of Copper Doped HVSFS Flame Sprayed β-TCP and GB14 Coatings - A Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Activity Study
Authors: Le Long-Quan R. V. , Mayr Hermann O. , Al-Ahmand Ali , Spitzmüller Bettina , Mayr Moritz Florian , Baghnavi Anna , Seidenstuecker Michael
Published: November 2024

Implant-associated infections and aseptic loosening of prosthesis due to insufficient secondary stability continue to present a challenging issue in arthroplasty. Potential solutions include bioactive coatings to promote osseointegration. With this in mind, this project aims to investigate and compare thin bioactive and bioresorbable β-tricalcium phosphate and calcium alkaliphosphate coatings, both produced via High Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying. To achieve an additional antibacterial effect, Cu-doped TCP supraparticles are incorporated into the coatings. β-TCP and GB14 coatings with 0.5 wt.% Cu-doped TCP supraparticles each were investigated. According to ISO EN 10993-14, a degradation test was performed in TRIS-buffer at pH 7.4 over 120 hours. Biocompatibility tests were performed on human osteoblasts. Live/Dead staining was performed on day 1, 3 and 7 to visualize live and dead cells. Furthermore, cytotoxicity was evaluated over 3 days using the LDH assay. To determine the antibacterial efficacy Safe Airborne Antibacterial Assays using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were performed. Our investigations demonstrate that copper is released from the coatings over a period of 120 hours. Both coatings exhibit good biocompatibility, with cell counts varying depending on the amount of Cu released. Cytotoxicity testing showed no cytotoxic effects for the samples examined. Cu-doping of the coatings achieved a significant reduction in colony-forming units across all coatings.
Co-Infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acanthamoeba spp. Isolated from Dust in Eastern Thailand: Public Health Implications
Authors: Buppan Pattakorn , Tuptaintong Chonrachart , Takamwong Toranus , Charoenworawong Araya , Kosuwin Rattiporn , Krainara Sunisa , Srimee and Pakarang
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acanthamoeba spp. co-infection in dust from public parks in Eastern Thailand, a region with substantial air pollution from industrial activities. 336 dust samples collected from seven provinces were analyzed using microscopy and PCR to detect Acanthamoeba spp., with an overall prevalence of 22.32%. Co-infection with P. aeruginosa was confirmed in 43 samples (57.33%). Prachinburi province had the highest co-infection rate (75%), suggesting a potential link between environmental factors and pathogen prevalence. Analysis revealed a significant association between temperature and co-infection rates (p = 0.02), supporting previous findings on the impact of warmer climates on pathogen survival. Humidity, PM2.5, and PM10 levels did not significantly correlate with co-infection rates. These findings underscore the public health implications of dust as a reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms, particularly in areas with high pollution.
Plastic Detectives Are Watching Us: Citizen Science Towards Alternative Single-Use Plastic Related Behavior
Authors: Krawczyk Aleksandra , Salas Brenda Olivos , Grodzińska-Jurczak Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Our findings illustrate that CS should be employed as a means of popularizing scientific output, facilitating the promotion of political decision-making processes, and acting as a knowledge broker to reverse consumer behavior towards more environmentally friendly and conducive to SUP usage.
Identifying the Molecular Ploidy Status of Abnormally Fertilized Embryos Has the Ability to Improve Infertility Outcomes
Authors: McCallie Blair R. , Haywood Mary E. , Henry Lauren N. , Lee Rachel M. , Schoolcraft William B. , Katz-Jaffe Mandy G.
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to define the association between abnormal pronuclear numeration and molecular ploidy status. At the time of fertilization check on day 1 of embryo development, when there was no visible pronuclei (0PN; n=291), 56% were confirmed to be diploid and normally fertilized by SNP analysis. The remaining 41.9% were aneuploid and 2.1% contained only 23 haploid chromosomes. Upon analysis of the 1PN blastocysts (n=217), just over a third (36.4%) contained only 23 haploid chromosomes (23XO), with another third (31.8%) identified as aneuploid and the remaining third (31.8%) confirmed to be diploid and normally fertilized. In contrast, 50% of the 3PN blastocysts (n=172), showed the presence of a third set of 23 parental chromosomes, confirming triploidy with 41.9% identified also as aneuploid and interestingly, a small percentage (8.1%) confirmed to be diploid with normal fertilization. To date, there have been 74 euploid embryo transfers from zygotes originally identified with an alternate pronuclear numeration resulting in 16 ongoing pregnancies and 32 healthy live births. Accurate identification of haploid and tripoid zygotes is critical to prevent implantation failure and pregnancy loss and allows for the identification of all euploid embryos in a cohort which has the potential to increase cumulative live birth rates for infertility patients.
Juice-Based Living Probiotics Survive Stomach Acid Significantly Better Than Dry Powder Live Probiotics
Authors: Kamarei A. Reza , Robins Howard F. , Finkelstein Eric
Published: November 2024

This in vitro study aimed to assess whether a pre-hydrated version of Doctor's Biome Signature Probiotic Blend (DBSPB), comprising five strains of Bifidobacterium and ten strains of Lactobacillus in a fruit and vegetable juice carrier, can survive stomach acidity better than the same blend in dry powdered form. We initially mixed DBSPB with a proprietary sterilized blend of organic green juices and observed that the probiotics thrived in the juice. When exposed to a highly acidic environment (HCl at pH 1.5), the probiotics in the juice survived and formed colonies, whereas those in dry powdered form did not. These results suggest that probiotics in juice have significantly greater resistance to stomach acid than their dry counterparts. The enhanced survivability of the hydrated probiotics may be attributed to the combined effects of cellular hydration, buffering properties of the juice, and the presence of glucose. These patent-pending results, supported by visual and enumeration observations, suggest that incorporating probiotics into a fruit and vegetable juice carrier can improve their resistance to stomach acid and thereby offer a more effective delivery system for probiotic dietary supplements and medical foods.
Extensive Computational Screening Identifies Marco (SR-A6) and Abca1/2 as Key Regulators of Intracellular Lipid Metabolism to Compensate Low Cholesterol Biosynthesis in M1 Macrophages Hysteresis
Authors: Zhang Yubo , Yang Wenbo , Kumagai Yutaro , Martin Lopez , Yang Yitao , Park Sung-Joon , Nakai Kenta
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Macrophages undergo polarization, resulting in distinct phenotypes. These transitions, including de-/repolarization, lead to hysteresis, where cells retain genetic and epigenetic signatures of previous states, influencing macrophage function. We previously identified a set of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) associated with high lipid levels in macrophages that exhibited hysteresis following M1 polarization, suggesting potential alterations in lipid metabolism; (2) Results: In this study, we applied Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and conducted comparative analyses on 162 RNA-seq samples from de-/repolarized and lipid-loaded macrophages, followed by functional exploration; (3) Results: Our results show that in M1 hysteresis, the sustained high expression of Marco and suppression of Abca1/2 reduced lipid efflux, leading to elevated intracellular lipid levels. This accumulation may compensate for reduced cholesterol biosynthesis and provide energy for sustained inflammatory responses and interferon signaling; (4) Conclusions: Our findings elucidate the relationship between M1 hysteresis and lipid metabolism, contributing to understanding the underlying mechanisms of macrophage hysteresis.
Double-Duty Caregiving, Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Work–Life Balance Among Italian Healthcare Workers: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Urban Antonio , Agus Mirian , Aru Nicola , Corona Francesca , Cantone Elisa , Cortese Claudio Giovanni , Nonnis Marcello
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the multivariate relationships between variables related to burnout and job stress in healthcare workers, evaluating if the relationship between these dimensions, the variables related to personal factors (age, seniority of service), and work–family balance factors (overwork related to unused vacation days, accumulated overtime hours) change when the worker is engaged in double-caregiving activities. Indeed, the twofold activities of home caregiving and caring at work might expose workers to challenging situations. To accomplish our aim, we carried out network analyses on data from 466 workers (77.90% females). Participants completed the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ) and the Job Satisfaction Scale (OSI). Contrary to expectations, the variables related to work–life balance played a marginal role with respect to job satisfaction and burnout risk for the whole sample. In addition, no significant differences emerged between workers who reported dual- caregiving tasks, compared with those who did not. However, some peculiar aspects of the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction emerged in the two subsamples. The findings are discussed, highlighting a framework for understanding the interactions among the assessed variables.
The Impact of Augmented Reality Through User-Platform Interactions Towards Continuance Intention with the Effect of Generation
Authors: Kabir Zian Shah , Kang Kyeong
Published: November 2024

When users interact with mobile platforms in an augmented reality environment, cognitive and emotional engagements change through different stimuli cues that respond to users’ behavioral intentions. The effects of those engagements through augmented reality, considering user-platform interactions, are unexplored. This study investigated a nuanced understanding of how stimuli cues in augmented reality affect sense of immersion and sense of presence, followed by an interaction-engagement-intention (I-E-I) model. A quantitative method was used to validate the proposed model. Based on an online survey with 886 responses, product fit, network quality, and artificial intelligence-driven recommendation influences were assessed for cognitive engagements. This study examined the importance of engaging satisfaction and trust as emotional engagements, influencing users’ continuance intention. The findings showed that sources of information, especially online reviews, positively affect the perception of subjective norms. Also, trust has a more significant influence on the continuance intention to use AR mobile platforms. Also, the results explored that the generation of users significantly impacts continuance intention. This could enhance the capabilities of information system designers, researchers, marketing professionals, and solution providers to attain sustainable user retention.
Topological Determinants of Gene Regulatory Networks and Their Role in Vertebrate Ontogenetic Constraints: A Systems Biology Perspective
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This review explores the intersection of developmental biology and differential topology in understanding vertebrate ontogenetic constraints. We examine how the topological organization of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) influences developmental trajectories and evolutionary possibilities. By analyzing the mathematical frameworks of differential topology and their application to chromatin architecture, we demonstrate how spatial gene arrangements create constraints that both channel and limit morphological evolution. Special attention is paid to the role of topologically associating domains (TADs) and their conservation across vertebrate lineages, suggesting their fundamental importance in maintaining developmental stability. We propose that the hierarchical nature of GRN topology serves as a primary mechanism for establishing evolutionary constraints while simultaneously facilitating phenotypic innovation within defined parameters. This synthesis provides new insights into how physical genome organization shapes the possibilities and limitations of vertebrate body plan evolution.
An Analysis of Direct Operating Costs for the Wright Spirit Electric Aircraft
Authors: Goodge Katie , Withey Paul
Published: November 2024

Global warming and CO₂ emissions have become increasingly pressing concerns, with the aviation industry contributing significantly to these issues. In response, efforts have been made to develop environmentally sustainable aviation solutions. This paper examines the Direct Operating Costs (DOC) of the Wright Spirit, one of the options for electric flight, compared to the conventional BAe 146 on which the Wright Spirit is based. Utilizing methodologies adapted from previous studies (largely the AEA method), the analysis investigates various factors influencing DOC, including battery prices, flight duration, and charging time. Results indicate a 73% increase in overall DOC from the BAe 146 to the Wright Spirit, largely influenced by battery costs and lifespan. However, an 83% reduction in fuel/energy costs suggests the potential viability of the Wright Spirit, particularly with anticipated reductions in battery prices. For instance, a quartering of battery prices could result in a £5 increase in costs for 1-hour flights, compared to the BAe 146. Moreover, the analysis finds the battery lifespan and charging time to be the most important factors to control, in order to increase commercial feasibility. Ticket price comparisons suggest that the Wright Spirit's costs align closely with current market prices, with a flight from Paris to Heathrow predicted to cost the airline £136.10 per passenger. Future research could explore alternative electric aircraft designs, to further assess their impact on DOC and ticket prices.
The Cellular and Transcriptomic Early Innate Immune Response to BCG Vaccination in Mice
Authors: Kondratyeva Liya G. , Rakitina Olga A. , Pleshkan Victor V. , Kuzmich Alexey I. , Linge Irina A. , Kondratieva Sofia A. , Snezhkov Eugene V. , Alekseenko Irina V. , Sverdlov Eugene D.
Published: November 2024

It is established that BCG vaccination results in the development of both a specific immune response to mycobacterial infections and a nonspecific (heterologous) immune response, designated as trained immunity (TRIM), to other pathogens. We hypothesized that local BCG immunization may induce early immune response of bone marrow and spleen innate immunity cells. The early transcriptomic response of various populations of innate immune cells, including monocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells, to BCG vaccination was examined. To this end, C57Bl/6J mice were subcutaneously immunized with 10⁶ CFU of BCG. Three days following BCG administration, the three cell populations were collected from the control and BCG-vaccinated groups by FACS. All cell populations obtained were utilized for the preparation and sequencing of RNA-seq libraries. The analysis of FACS data revealed an increase in the proportion of splenic NK cells and monocytes 3 days post-vaccination. Transcriptomic analysis revealed deregulation of genes associated with regulation of immune response (according to Gene Ontology terms) in NK cells, monocytes, and unsorted bone marrow. Two NK cell-specific immune ligands (Tnfsf14 and S100a8) and two bone marrow-specific immune receptors (C5ar1 and Csf2rb) were identified among differentially expressed genes. No alterations were identified in neutrophils in either the percentage or at the transcriptomic level. Thus, in this study we demonstrated that BCG vaccination provides the early increase in the proportion of murine bone marrow and spleen immune cell populations, as well as the transcriptomic alterations in monocytes, NK cells, and non-sorted bone marrow. This early innate immune response may be beneficial for enhancing TRIM.
How Fish and Shark-Derived Oils Affect Antiviral Immune Response – a Narrative Review
Authors: BIELECKA-KOWALSKA NATALIA PAULINA , LEWKOWICZ NATALIA
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Background/Objectives: For years, research has been conducted on the relationship between anti-inflammatory diets and the incidence and risk of various diseases. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the beneficial effects of fish oil (FO) or shark liver oil (SLO) consumption, which is increasingly being used clinically. Health benefits of FO have been asso-ciated mainly with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), but also alkylglycerols (AKGs) and squalene. n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main components of FO, have been shown interfere with host immunity, but also various stages of viral infection, particularly viral entry and replication. Methods: In this narrative review we tried to answer the question on the role of n-3 PUFAs, AKGs and squalene in modulation of antiviral response based on the available literature from 2001 to 2023, starting from in vitro and ex vivo studies through animal studies coming up to the human studies. Conclusions: In general, DHA and EPA have an inhibitory effect on the activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells, while squalene and AKGs were shown to enhance antimicrobial and antitumor immune response.
Evaluation of the Healing Action of Topical Formulations Based on Libidibia ferrea Fruits in Cutaneous Wounds Induced in Wistar Rats
Authors: Cerdeira Ana Karina Lima Alves , Pena Francineide Pereira da Silva , Ferreira Cecília Rafaela Salles , Brito Sérgio Gabriell Leite , de Oliveira Luiza Pinon Nery , Carvalho Helison de Oliveira , de Albuquerque Jr Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti , Carvalho José Carlos Tavares
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the healing action of topical formulations based on Libidibia ferrea fruits in cutaneous wounds induced in Wistar rats. Three types of preparations were evaluated: glycolic extract, infusion, and gel. The phytochemical compounds present in the preparations, such as tannins and flavonoids, are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which are essential for the healing process, histopathological methods evaluated healing, including analysis of epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition. The results demonstrated that the preparations accelerated the healing process, with a more significant deposition of type I collagen in the groups treated with infusion and glycolic extract, suggesting a more advanced tissue repair process. The infusion demonstrated the best healing results, possibly due to the higher flavonoid content. The findings reinforce the therapeutic potential of Libidibia ferrea in the development of natural healing agents.
Optimizing Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio with Coconut Coir Pith and Farm Yard Manure for Bioconversion of Broiler Poultry Litter to Vermicompost Using Eudrilus eugeniae
Authors: Narayanan Ramanathan Saravanan , Dharmalingam Anandha Prakash Singh , Murugan Prabhu , Nallathambi Bharathy , Rathinasamy Sakthivadivu , Maruthamuthu Thirunavukkarasu , Kannan Duraisamy , Nagarajan Sri Balaji , De Gannes Vidya , Aranganoor Kannan Thiruvenkadan , Karuppusamy Sivakumar
Published: November 2024

The potential benefits of bioconversion of commercial broiler poultry litter (PL) to vermicompost (with Eudrilus eugeniae) were studied by optimizing the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) using coconut (Cocos nucifera) coir pith (CP) and farm yard manure (FM) as co-substrate. In this experiment, after optimizing the C/N at the levels of 25, 30, and 35, the pre-composting of the PL followed by vermicomposting was done, and the PL and FM alone were used as the control group. After pre-composting, the earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) were introduced, and the vermicomposting process was continued for 90 days and the vermicompost samples were analyzed on the 45th and 90th days. The study revealed a significantly (P
Assessing Active and Passive Glenohumeral Rotational Deficits in Professional Tennis Players: Normative Values at 90 and 45 of Abduction for Making Decisions in Injury Prevention Programs
Authors: Terré Maite , Tlaiye Juliette , Solana-Tramunt Monica
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Glenohumeral internal and external rotational range of movement (GIRD and GERD) has been considered one of the primary outcomes to determine risk of injury in overhead athletes, as tennis players. Nevertheless, current testing position doesn’t consider than most tennis actions are repeated at 45of abduction, and actively. The aim of this study is establishing normative values of pathological GIRD and GERD in tennis players, to estimate the passive and active range of motion of the glenohumeral joint at 90° and 45º of abduction.; (2) Methods: 43 tennis players voluntarily participated in the study (19.1±2.75 years). Dominant and non-dominant shoulder range of motion (ROM), external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR) at 90 and 45 in active and passive conditions were evaluated. GIRD and GERD were calculated in both positions and conditions; (3) Results: There were significant differences for all passive measurements between 45 and 90 testing position. ER and TROM at 90 and 45 showed significant differences in both passive and active conditions and in the dominant and non-dominant side. There were no significant differences in IR and TROM actively in both the dominant and the non-dominant at 90 or 45; (4) Conclusions: It is necessary to evaluate the ER under the same conditions at 90 or 45. Practitioners should consider assessing ER at the angle at which most actions are repeated in tennis (45°) as a method to monitor GERD. Evaluating GERD in asymptomatic tennis players could help avoid future biomechanical and GIRD problems. Both GIRD and GERD should be considered as a percentage of the athlete's own deficit in IR or ER, instead of having as a reference specific degree that have been observed in baseball pitchers.
Impact of a Withania somnifera and Bacopa monnieri Formulation on SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells Metabolism Through NMR Metabolomic
Authors: D’Elia Maria , Marino Carmen , Celano Rita , Napolitano Enza , D’Ursi Anna Maria , Russo Mariateresa , Rastrelli Luca
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the effectiveness of an herbal formulation, STRESSLESS (ST-65), which combines ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and bacopa (Bacopa monnieri), on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Given the rising interest in natural compounds for neuroprotection and stress alleviation, we aimed to explore the cellular and molecular effects of this formulation. Methods: Utilizing a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic approach and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), we identified key bioactive compounds in ST-65, including withanolides from ashwagandha and bacosides from bacopa. Results: Our findings indicate that ST-65 treatment significantly alters the metabolic profile of SH-SY5Y cells. Key changes included increased levels of metabolites linked to neuroprotection, energy metabolism, and antioxidant defense. Notable enhancements were observed in specific amino acids and neuroprotective compounds, suggesting activation of neuroprotective mechanisms and mitigation of stress-induced damage. Conclusions: The study reveals a complex phyto-chemical profile of ST-65 and underscores its potential as a natural active agent for addressing stress-related neurodegenerative conditions. These insights into neuronal mechanisms provide a foundation for further exploration of herbal formulations in neuroprotection.
The Art of Medical Diagnosis. Lessons on Interpretation of Signs from Italian High Renaissance Paintings
Authors: Śniadecki Marcin , Malitowska Anna , Musielak Oliwia , Meyer-Szary Jarosław , Guzik Paweł , Boyke Zuzanna , Aristei Cynthia
Published: November 2024

Medicine is struggling with the constantly rising incidence of breast cancer. The key in this fight is to be able to speed up diagnosis, as rapid diagnosis reduces the number of aggressive or advanced cases. For this process to be effective, it is necessary to have the right attitude towards diagnosis as a research practice. Our critical analysis of diagnosis, as a methodology of medical science, reflects on it as a research practice that is regulated in a socio-subjective way by a methodological culture. This position allows us to contrast critical methodological culture with the habitual-practical, or methodical, culture of practising diagnosis. We point to the interpretative status of medical analyses performed by medical historians by referring to Italian Renaissance painting and historical-artistic interpretations. In this field, analysing disputes between researchers as a clash of methodologies in the ways interpretation transforms signs into meanings, is a critical methodological reflection. Medicine is a diverse scientific discourse with a paradigmatic structure in which new ways of conducting diagnostic tests may appear. It is only possible to see this from the methodological level. In addition, passive respect for existing patterns of conduct hinders an exchange of views between researchers, what limits the possibility of correcting research procedures. The ultimate consequence of such passivity is an inabili/ty to improve diagnosis, which in turn, harms the interests of patients. In this regard, it is worth remembering that the paramount objective of diagnosis is not the disease, but the patient.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Supporting Dietary Weight Loss Interventions with Health Coaching and Telemonitoring: An Integrative Nutrition Approach
Authors: Eid Noura MS
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Health coaching and telemonitoring are both considered a growing healthcare strategy that focuses on a patient-centered motivational approach to support behavior change and enhance adherence to health goals including dietary interventions. This review aimed to define and de-scribe both health coaching and telemonitoring in weight management interventions, including a literature review on the effectiveness of incorporating health coaching and telemonitoring into di-etary weight loss interventions, addressing the ongoing global challenge of obesity and its asso-ciated health risks, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Traditional dietary interven-tions often yield initial weight loss, however sustaining these results remains difficult due to fac-tors associated with lifestyles and motivation. Health coaching offers a personalized support and guidance to help clients establish and maintain healthier habits by setting achievable foals and building self-efficacy and fostering accountability, whereas telemonitoring via digital tool such as mobile apps and wearable devices provided tracking dietary and health measures allowing continuous monitoring and self-awareness. Our review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the past decade confirms that combining health coaching with telemonitoring improves weight loss outcomes, enhance adherence to lifestyle changes and positively impact chronic con-dition markers such as blood pressure and HbA1C levels. These integrated interventions also show promise in boosting mental well-being and enhance the quality of life. Findings highlights the potential of such integrative approaches in creating a sustainable, accessible, and scalable weight management in particularly for individuals at risk of obesity related health issues. Future research should focus on optimizing health coaching and telemonitoring tools to accommodate diverse populations for a long-term adherence.