bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Prediction of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients With Recent-onset Hyperglycemia
Authors: Chen Wansu , Butler Rebecca K. , Lustigova Eva , Chari Suresh T. , Maitra Anirban , Rinaudo Jo A. , Wu Bechien U.
Published: April 2022

Background:

New-onset diabetes (NOD) has been suggested as an early indicator of pancreatic cancer. However, the definition of NOD by the American Diabetes Association requires 2 simultaneous or consecutive elevated glycemic measures. We aimed to apply a machine-learning approach using electronic health records to predict the risk in patients with recent-onset hyperglycemia.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, health plan enrollees 50 to 84 years of age who had an elevated (6.5%+) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) tested in January 2010 to September 2018 with recent-onset hyperglycemia were identified. A total of 102 potential predictors were extracted. Ten imputation datasets were generated to handle missing data. The random survival forests approach was used to develop and validate risk models. Performance was evaluated byc-index, calibration plot, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.

Results:

The cohort consisted of 109,266 patients (mean age: 63.6 y). The 3-year incidence rate was 1.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-1.6)/1000 person-years of follow-up. The 3 models containing age, weight change in 1 year, HbA1c, and 1 of the 3 variables (HbA1c change in 1 y, HbA1c in the prior 6 mo, or HbA1c in the prior 18 mo) appeared most often out of the 50 training samples. Thec-indexes were in the range of 0.81 to 0.82. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value in patients who had the top 20% of the predicted risks were 56% to 60%, 80%, and 2.5% to 2.6%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Targeting evaluation at the point of recent hyperglycemia based on elevated HbA1c could offer an opportunity to identify pancreatic cancer early and possibly impact survival in cancer patients.
Chronic Pancreatitis in Females is Not Associated With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Rana Atul , Sharma Sanchit , Qamar Sumaira , Zangmo Rinchen , Gopi Srikanth , Agarwal Samagra , Sharma Kandala Aparna , Singh Namrata , Gunjan Deepak , Saraya Anoop
Published: April 2022

Background:

The effects of chronic pancreatitis (CP) on pregnancy and vice versa have not been studied well. We aimed to study the impact of CP on pregnancy-related outcomes and the effect of pregnancy on clinical profile of CP.

Study and Goals:

We did a retrospective analysis of all female patients of CP of child-bearing age (above 18 y). The pregnancy-related outcomes of patients with CP were compared with the age-matched 115 controls from the low-risk pregnancy group identified using a simplified antepartum high-risk pregnancy scoring form. The clinical course of CP during pregnancy was compared with the pre-pregnancy course.

Results:

Among the 338 eligible patients, 46 patients were included after exclusions. All these 46 patients had at least 1 conception and 41 had at least 1 completed pregnancy with a total of 117 conceptions and 96 completed pregnancies. The pregnancy-related outcomes in patients with CP like abortions (21.7% vs. 11.3%; P=0.087), preterm deliveries (14.6% vs. 10.4%; P=0.47), antepartum course (82.7% vs. 82.6%; P=0.58), stillbirths (4.9% vs. 4.3%; P=0.88), cesarean section (36.6% vs. 34%; P=0.849) were comparable with controls. There was overall improvement in the severity and frequency of pain during pregnancy as compared with the pre-pregnancy symptoms (P=0.001).

Conclusion:

CP is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Also, there is trend toward improvement in the clinical symptoms because of CP during the pregnancy.
Testing a Pediatric Palliative Care Education Workplace Intervention
Authors: James Courtney , Xu Jiayun , Coddington Jennifer , Lalani Nasreen
Published: April 2022

Pediatric palliative care is aimed at pain and symptom management, reducing hospitalization, promoting psychosocial care, and improving quality of life for children with serious illness. As a professional caregiver, nurses play an essential role in the provision of appropriate pediatric palliative care in clinical care settings. The purpose of this quality improvement study was to improve pediatric nurses' awareness and perceptions of palliative care. A 1-group pretest-posttest design was used in the study. A 20-minute education video was used as an intervention to enhance nurses' awareness and perception about pediatric palliative care. Twenty-one pediatric medical-surgical nurses participated in the intervention. Posttest results indicated raised awareness about palliative care, more nurses were able to define palliative care correctly, and nurses were more likely to encourage a palliative care consult. Future studies are needed using larger sample sizes with robust measures to further evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on enhancing pediatric palliative care awareness among nurses.
Encouraging and Facilitating Research Opportunities for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
Authors: Kapu April N. , Ivory Catherine
Published: April 2022

This month's column highlights the value contribution of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to research and the importance of chief nursing officer development of health system infrastructure to engage APRNs in research.
Relational Coordination Among Military and Civilian Nurses and Physicians in an Army Hospital
Authors: House Sherita , Crandell Jamie , Stucky Christopher , Wilmoth Margaret
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore whether demographic characteristics and professional roles are associated with relational coordination (RC) among nurses and physicians.

BACKGROUND

The increased race, age, and gender diversity in the nursing and medical workforce raises questions regarding how well nurses and physicians communicate and interact. Relational coordination is a unique framework to enhance teamwork and care coordination among healthcare professionals.

METHODS

An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted in a military hospital. The study variables were examined using multiple regression.

RESULTS

Two-hundred eighty-nine participants completed the survey. Professional role, race, age, gender, and experience were not associated with RC. Rank and education were significantly associated with RC. Enlisted service members reported higher RC between roles, and participants with graduate degrees reported lower RC within roles.

CONCLUSION

Hospital leaders can implement RC to foster inclusivity and teamwork among healthcare professionals despite demographic characteristics and professional roles.
Clinical Nurse Specialist and Clinical Nurse Leader Dyad
Authors: Racelis Mary Carol , Hallberg Elizabeth , Filer Rachel , Gross Megan , Brownlee Camille , Stifter Janet , Losurdo Holly , Cook Heather
Published: April 2022

Purpose/Objectives

This article describes an innovative clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and clinical nurse leader (CNL) dyad partnership model. Complexity science framework and clinical exemplars demonstrate how the CNS and CNL roles function synergistically to stabilize complex patient care.

Description of the Project/Program

In spring of 2020, the COVID-19 crisis presented an immediate opportunity to leverage the increased demand for clinical change by leading, designing, and capturing the value of CNS-CNL dyad to achieve goals.

Outcome

The exemplars outline how the partnership promoted translation of knowledge to care for 21 new patient populations and created training for the complex respiratory management during the 6-month project. Rapid response utilization increased from an average of 5 to 10 per month. There was no change in the number of code blue activations on the unit. The third exemplar promoted personal protective equipment clarity and attention to nurse safety. Twelve percent of total staff (n = 104) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Staffing remained stable with 1% resignations (n = 3).

Conclusion

The CNS-CNL dyad revealed an infrastructure built to withstand forces of institutional change. The clinical exemplars provide details for leaders to understand how these separate roles partner to translate knowledge and skills and sustain complex change to meet quality goals.
Diagnostic Value of Advanced Metal Artifact Reduction Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Inaoka Tsutomu , Kitamura Noriko , Sugeta Masayuki , Nakatsuka Tomoya , Ishikawa Rumiko , Kasuya Shusuke , Sugiura Yoshiya , Nakajima Arata , Nakagawa Koichi , Terada Hitoshi
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging with multiacquisition variable–resonance image combination selective for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Materials and Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging around metal joint prostheses including multiacquisition variable–resonance image combination selective at 1.5 T (from April 2014 to August 2020) was retrospectively evaluated by 2 radiologists for detection of abnormal findings (joint effusion, capsular thickening, pericapsular edema, soft-tissue fluid collection, soft-tissue edema, bone marrow edema pattern around the implant [BME pattern], lymphadenopathy, and others) and overall image impression for PJI. Regarding the soft-tissue fluid collection, presence of communication to the joint or capsular-like structure was evaluated. Clinical assessments were recorded. Positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs), and odds ratios (ORs) for PJI were calculated for the abnormal findings. Overall image impression for PJI was evaluated. χ2, Fisher exact, t, and Mann-Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used. Interobserver agreement was assessed with κ statistics.

Results

Forty-three joints in 36 patients (mean ± SD age, 75.4 ± 8.8 years; 30 women; hip [n = 29], knee [n = 12], and elbow [n = 2]) were evaluated. Eighteen joints (42%) were clinically diagnosed as PJI. The findings suggesting PJI were capsular thickening (PPV, 70%; NPV, 90%; OR, 20.6), soft-tissue fluid collection (PPV, 81%; NPV, 81%; OR, 19.1), soft-tissue edema (PPV, 67%; NPV, 89%; OR, 17), pericapsular edema (PPV, 76%; NPV, 81%; OR, 13.7), and joint effusion (PPV, 55%; NPV, 100%; OR, 12). Soft-tissue fluid collection without capsular-like structure (PPV, 83%; NPV, 74%; OR, 14.4) or with communication to the joint (PPV, 75%; NPV, 71%; OR, 7.3) suggested PJI. The combinations of joint effusion, capsular thickening, pericapsular edema, soft-tissue fluid collection, and soft-tissue edema highly suggested PJI. Regarding the BME pattern, the combination with soft-tissue edema raised the possibility of PJI (PPV, 73%; NPV, 69%; OR, 5.9). Regarding the interobserver agreements for each abnormal finding, κ values were 0.60 to 0.77. Regarding the overall image impression, weighted κ value was 0.97 and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.949 (95% confidence interval, 0.893–1.005) and 0.926 (95% confidence interval, 0.860–0.991) with no significant difference (P = 0.534).

Conclusions

The findings suggesting PJI were capsular thickening, soft-tissue fluid collection, soft-tissue edema, pericapsular edema, and joint effusion. The combinations of them highly suggested PJI. Regarding the BME pattern, the combination with soft-tissue edema raised the possibility of PJI.
Factors of Engagement in Synchronous Online Learning Conversations and Distance Debriefing
Authors: Mosher Cynthia J. , Morton Alex , Tarbet Amanda , Palaganas Janice C.
Published: April 2022

Summary Statement

The COVID-19 pandemic propelled remote simulation and online distance debriefings. Like in-person debriefings, faculty seek to facilitate effective reflective discourse. The online learning environment, however, presents challenges to learner engagement that differ considerably from in-person debriefing, yet little research exists in this area. In an effort to identify factors that influence debriefing engagement in the online environment, we conceptualized distance debriefings as complex social interactions and performed a realist review of the literature for evidence in the fields of online learning, healthcare simulation, instructional design, and other teaching and learning fields to see whether we might discern factors that influence engagement in online learning conversations that might inform online distance debriefing best practices. Eighteen articles were found through our search of 5 online databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, Google Scholar). We conducted iterative purposeful searching and continued to do so throughout the review to try to identify any additional studies that would contribute to our understanding. A thematic analysis of the findings of our included articles revealed indicators categorized using the community of inquiry framework, enabling us to understand and explain them in the context of online learning and propose their application to distance debriefing engagement. We also propose a new dimension to the framework: internal and external factors of engagement. Our findings demonstrate that online learning can positively influence engagement of learners if essential factors are implemented. These factors may inform recommendations for best practices toward learner engagement during healthcare simulation distance debriefing.
Preparing and Presenting Validation Studies
Authors: Calhoun Aaron W. , Scerbo Mark W.
Published: April 2022

Summary Statement

Simulated environments are frequently used for learner assessment, and a wide array of assessment instruments have been created to assist with this process. It is important, therefore, that clear, compelling evidence for the validity of these assessments be established. Contemporary theory recognizes instrument validity as a unified construct that links a construct to be assessed with a population, an environment of assessment, and a decision to be made using the scores. In this article, we present a primer on 2 current frameworks (Messick and Kane), define the elements of each, present a rubric that can be used by potential authors to structure their work, and offer examples of published studies showing how each framework has been successfully used to make a validity argument. We offer this with the goal of improving the quality of validity-related publications, thereby advancing the quality of assessment in healthcare simulation.
Large-scale flow in a cubic Rayleigh–Bénard cell: long-term turbulence statistics and Markovianity of macrostate transitions
Authors: Maity Priyanka , Koltai Péter , Schumacher Jörg
Published: April 2022

We investigate the large-scale circulation (LSC) in a turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection flow in a cubic closed convection cell by means of direct numerical simulations at a Rayleigh numberRa = 106. The numerical studies are conducted for single flow trajectories up to 105convective free-fall times to obtain a sufficient sampling of the four discrete LSC states, which can be summarized to one macrostate, and the two crossover configurations which are taken by the flow in between for short periods. We find that large-scale dynamics depends strongly on the Prandtl numberProf the fluid which has values of 0.1, 0.7, and 10. Alternatively, we run an ensemble of 3600 short-term direct numerical simulations to study the transition probabilities between the discrete LSC states. This second approach is also used to probe the Markov property of the dynamics. Our ensemble analysis gave strong indication of Markovianity of the transition process from one LSC state to another, even though the data are still accompanied by considerable noise. It is based on the eigenvalue spectrum of the transition probability matrix, further on the distribution of persistence times and the joint distribution of two successive microstate persistence times.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 1)’.
Identification of enteroviruses along Lake Victoria shoreline - a potential indicator of sewage pollution
Authors: Opere Wasonga M. , John Maingi , Ombori Omwoyo , Kiulia Nicholas M.
Published: April 2022

Enteric viruses are mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route and have been linked to several diseases including gastroenteritis and respiratory infections. Their presence in surface waters has been exacerbated by pollution from a variety of point sources such as sewage discharge. We studied the occurrence of enteroviruses in water samples from Lake Victoriain Kenya to investigate if there was a link between sewage pollution and detection of enteroviruses (EVs) to build a baseline for an enteric viruses monitoring platform for this region. We analysed 216 samples collected over 6 months from six different locations along the Homa Bay Pier. The six sampling locations comprised of three sites (P3, P5, P6) located <500 m from a local sewage treatment plant and pit latrines while three other sites (P1, P2, P4) were located at approximately 0.5 to 3 Km. EVs were concentrated using glass wool adsorption elution protocol and identified using the nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The odds ratio was performed to determine whether the location of the sources of sewage pollution near the lake was associated with the EVs contamination. Five out of 108 (5 %) samples collected from the sites (P3, P5 and P6 were EV positive, while 2 % (2/108) of samples from P1, P2 and P4 were EV positive. The presence of the EVs was associated with the distance from the possible sources of faecal contamination (odds ratio 20.28 and 4.86, confidence interval 2.42, and 0.95) for pit latrines and the sewage treatment plant respectively. The result from this study indicates that sewage discharge at the shoreline of Lake Victoria may have been the source of EVs contamination. Data from this study could significantly contribute to informing risk management on sewage pollution in Lake Victoria and it is important to continue monitoring this lake for potentially pathogenic enteric viruses.
Evaluation of the rate, pattern and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a cohort of pilgrims suffering from upper respiratory tract infection during the 2018 Hajj season
Authors: Bokhary Hamid , Research Team Hajj , Barasheed Osamah , Othman Hala B. , Saha Burhanudin , Rashid Harunor , Hill-Cawthorne Grant A. , Abd El Ghany Moataz
Published: April 2022

Hajj is associated with an increased risk of the transmission of infectious diseases including upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). It can be a focal point for the emergence, persistence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. The overuse of antibiotics during Hajj can promote the development of antimicrobial resistance. Little information is known regarding the true appropriateness of prescribing antibiotics for treating URTIs during Hajj. Here we studied the rate, patterns and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription among a cohort of pilgrims who were treated for URTIs during the 2018 Hajj season. Adult pilgrims who sought medical services for URTIs [presenting with coryza, runny nose, nasal irritation, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headache or fever (even if subjective)] within the Holy sites were enrolled in this study and consented to provide swabs and medical information. A total of 121 pilgrims were enrolled, with the majority (60.3 %) originating from North African Arab countries. Most were male (89.3 %) with a median age of 45 years. Bacterial infections were detected in 7.3 % (n=9) of the URTI cases. The identified bacteria included

Haemophilus influenzae

(n=6, all resistant to ampicillin),

Streptococcus pneumoniae

(n=2),

Staphylococcus aureus

(n=1, resistant to oxacillin) and

Moraxella catarrhalis

(n=1, resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). The antibiotic prescription rate was 52.1%, most of which was amoxicillin (81 %). The data demonstrated that the proportion of appropriate practices in treating bacterial URTIs in this cohort was 45.5 %. This study highlights the need for implementing laboratory identification of the aetiological agents and related AMR profiles when treating URTIs in Hajj, rather than relying on clinical assessment alone.
Use of diamond sensors for a high-flux, high-rate X-ray pass-through diagnostic
Authors: Bohon J. , Gonzalez E. , Grace C. , Harris C. T. , Jacobsen B. , Kachiguine S. , Kim D. , MacArthur J. , Martinez-McKinney F. , Mazza S. , Nizam M. , Norvell N. , Padilla R. , Potter E. , Prakash T. , Prebys E. , Ryan E. , Schumm B. A. , Smedley J. , Stuart D. , Tarka M. , Torrecilla I. S. , Wilder M. , Zhu D.
Published: April 2022

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver pulses of coherent X-rays on the femtosecond time scale, with potentially high repetition rates. While XFELs provide high peak intensities, both the intensity and the centroid of the beam fluctuate strongly on a pulse-to-pulse basis, motivating high-rate beam diagnostics that operate over a large dynamic range. The fast drift velocity, low X-ray absorption and high radiation tolerance properties of chemical vapour deposition diamonds make these crystals a promising candidate material for developing a fast (multi-GHz) pass-through diagnostic for the next generation of XFELs. A new approach to the design of a diamond sensor signal path is presented, along with associated characterization studies performed in the XPP endstation of the LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC. Qualitative charge collection profiles (collected charge versus time) are presented and compared with those from a commercially available detector. Quantitative results on the charge collection efficiency and signal collection times are presented over a range of approximately four orders of magnitude in the generated electron–hole plasma density.
Impact ofUrtica dioicaon phenols, antioxidant capacity, color, texture and extrusion parameters of extruded corn products
Authors: Igual Marta , Lopez Baldo Juan Vicente , García-Segovia Purificación , Martínez-Monzó Javier
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the enrichment with UD powder effects on phenols, antioxidant capacity, color, texture and extrusion parameters of extruded snacks.

Design/methodology/approach

Extrudates were produced with a single-screw extruder. It operated at a 3:1 compression ratio, loaded with prepared corn samples at a constant dosing speed of 18 rpm. The screw was rotated constantly at 150 rpm and temperatures of barrel sections 1–4 were set to 25, 70, 170 and 175°C, respectively; the nozzle diameter was 3 mm.

Findings

Extrudate parameters were fitted against UD concentration and presented equations close to the experimental data, according to the obtained adjustedR2. Using UD powder in the mixture to obtain extruded corn snacks increased their phenols content and antioxidant capacity. However, high UD concentration in the mixtures caused low expansion and porous extrudates; nevertheless, it lowered possible molecular damage risk by molecules solubilized in water, making them more stable. Using 7.5% UD percentage in mixtures is recommended for extruded snacks to maintain typical extrudate characteristics. Higher UD concentration provokes more hygroscopic, dense and compact snacks.

Originality/value

These findings confirm that usingU. dioicaL. powder in the mixture to obtain extruded corn improves the functional value of snacks, maintaining extruded characteristics.
How ambulance commanders manage a mass casualty incident
Authors: Slater Alan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Mass casualty incidents are characterised by an immediate, unforeseen and unquantifiable surge in demand for ambulance services which soon becomes apparent and will exceed any “local” resources available. Casualties require the correct treatment, promptly, at an appropriate resource without incurring any further harm. In the absence of firm operational guidelines, this paper provides templates for ambulance commanders both at call centre and on-site to approach the management of mass casualty incidents.

Design/methodology/approach

Desk research indicated that there were both guidelines on how various elements of the emergency services should work together plus academic papers on techniques to adopt in mass casualty situations. Standing orders or written protocols for ambulance commanders, however, provide little or no specific guidance or an outline plan upon how they should command in a mass casualty situation. Following analysis of relevant public enquiry reports and discussions with ambulance commanders and using the materials from desk research, a four-stage approach was devised for testing using retrospective analysis from field and desktop exercises.

Findings

To have confidence, each commander needs simple digital real-time templates from which they understand their role and how the overall plan defines priorities with the greatest need. A plan should cover call-centre and on-site operations including a basic operational checklist from start to finish; resource structure and inter-relationships; sources and availability of resources plus information and control procedures to impose limited quality control procedures.

Originality/value

The design and implementation of digital templates to provide minute-by-minute visibility to all commanders which have not been recorded before. Such templates give commanders confidence to determine, locate and call forward relevant resources to attend casualties in order of priority of need. Time-lapsed records are useful not just in the minute-by-minute decision processes but also for critical organisational learning and in any post-event review by either a coroner or lawyers at a public enquiry.
Expatriate adjustment and subsidiary performance: a motivation-hygiene perspective
Authors: Wu Sihong , Fan Di , Dabasia Anaiya Jeetendra
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Drawing on Herzberg's motivation-hygiene perspective, this study examines the factors affecting expatriate adjustment and the relationship between expatriate adjustment and subsidiary performance of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs).

Design/methodology/approach

Using structural equation modeling, this study tests a proposed conceptual model based on a matched dataset collected from 38 EMNEs.

Findings

The findings reveal that perceived organizational support (POS) and family adjustment are positively associated with expatriate adjustment, while remuneration and job burnout have no significant relationships with expatriate adjustment. In addition, expatriate adjustment is positively associated with the foreign subsidiary performance of EMNEs.

Originality/value

This study contributes to expatriate adjustment research in the EMNE context by distinguishing motivators and hygiene factors in affecting the expatriates' attitudes toward international assignments. Empirical evidence of expatriate adjustment-subsidiary performance relationship also enriches the authors’ knowledge of EMNEs' expatriation practices.
Leadership development evaluation (LDE): reflections on a collaboratory approach
Authors: Smith Simon M. , Edwards Gareth , Palmer Adam , Bolden Richard , Watton Emma
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on the experience of attempting a “collaboratory” approach in sharing knowledge about leadership development evaluation (LDE). A collaboratory intertwines “collaboration” and “laboratory” to create innovation networks for all sorts of social and technological problems.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors, alongside a variety of public and private sector organisations, created the collaboratory. Within the process, the authors collected various forms of qualitative data (including interviews, observations, letter writing and postcards).

Findings

The findings show key areas of resonance, namely, the ability for participants to network, a creation of a dynamic shift in thinking and practice and the effective blending of theory and practice. Importantly, there are some critiques of the collaboratory approach discussed, including complications around: a lack of “laboratory” (hence bringing into question the idea of collaboratory itself), and the need to further develop the facilitation of such events.

Originality/value

The originality is to ultimately question whether the network actually achieved the collaboratory in reality. This study concludes, however, that there were some distinct benefits within our collaborations, especially around issues associated with LDE, and this study provides recommendations for academics and practitioners in terms of trying similar initiatives.
A study of Malaysian anti-money laundering law and the impact on public and private sector
Authors: Adilah Fahmi Bin , Mohd Zahir Mohd Zamre , Mohd. Ali Hasani , Hassan Muhamad Sayuti
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The objectives of this study are to analyse the present Malaysian law regarding money laundering, to identify advantages and disadvantages of the current anti-money laundering law, to analyse its impact on the public sector and the private sector and to make recommendations on any improvements that should be made.

Design/methodology/approach

This study will use a qualitative method where the literature review method applies to collect primary and secondary data regarding anti-money laundering laws. Data has been collected from the various provisions of laws and text reading, such as books, articles, journals, law cases and thesis regarding anti-money laundering laws and those analysed with the content analysis method and the critical analysis method.

Findings

This study found that Malaysia has one law regarding anti-money laundering and they have control over individual and corporate entities in Malaysia.

Originality/value

This study found that Malaysia has one law regarding anti-money laundering and they have control over individual and corporate entities in Malaysia.
The changing face of retailing, 1980–2020
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sayee Manohar , Venkitachalam Krishna
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to portray the historical evolution of retailing from 1980 to 2020. The study considers India as the domain as it is one of the fastest growing markets, and the retail growth is anticipated to reach more than one trillion dollars within this decade.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper captures the historical growth trajectory of retailing from the pre-online era to the online era and highlights how the retail environment has become modernized and sophisticated in the process in India.

Findings

The study traces the journey of retail from 1980 to the multi-billion-dollar sector it had become by 2020 in India. Furthermore, the article provides an overview of how the different retail forms and players in the Indian retail sector have been shaping the industry over the last four decades. During this period, there has been a transformational change in the format of Indian retailing. The Indian consumers' shopping mindset moved from physical in the 1980s to online, and now “Phygital” (Physical and Digital) in 2020s has become an omni-channel platform in Indian retail.

Originality/value

This paper aims to present a viewpoint of the evolutions of retailing from the unorganized to the organized form and from the physical to the online form over the last 40 years in the Indian retail sector landscape.
Concerns over the prescription of clozapine for people diagnosed with “borderline personality disorder” in private locked psychiatric units
Authors: Harding Keir , Warrender Dan , Berrigan Hollie
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The use of long-term anti-psychotic medication for borderline personality disorder contravenes prescribing guidelines in the UK. There is evidence to suggest clozapine can be beneficial yet anecdotally it is prescribed almost exclusively in locked settings. A single study suggests a substantial proportion of psychiatrists disapprove of this practice. The purpose of this paper is to articulate concerns about the use of clozapine for “BPD” that are absent from current literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper summarises the reflections and experiences of the authors lived experience, academic and clinical backgrounds.

Findings

The published literature is uniformly positive when describing the prescription of clozapine for those diagnosed with BPD; however, this in no way reflects the experience of the authors. There is no body of material reflecting a study showing that a substantial number of psychiatrists have issues with this practice.

Research limitations/implications

While it is a fact that there is a discrepancy between psychiatrists attitudes towards clozapine prescription for “BPD” and the published literature, the described concerns in this paper are based solely on the authors’ experiences and observations.

Practical implications

Those seeking literature to articulate concerns about the use of clozapine with this population will likely be disheartened by the paucity of published literature.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to raise substantial concerns about the use of clozapine for those diagnosed with “BPD” and the circumstances in which it is prescribed.
Getting published in peer reviewed academic journals in business and management: perspectives for doctoral and early career researchers
Authors: Rowley Jennifer
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Competition for space in peer-reviewed academic journals, together with a plethora of changes in the academic publishing processes, including, for example, open access publishing, the internationalisation of the publishing community, predatory publishing and the increasing role of journal ranking systems presents challenges for early career researchers (ECRs). The purpose of this paper is to offer practical advice on getting published in business and management.

Design/methodology/approach

The stages in the publishing journey are identified. The journey commences with the articulation of a contribution and building relationships with supervisors and other researchers. It then moves on to the evaluation and selection of appropriate journals (including consideration of open access publishing options), publishing policies and ethics, writing and revising the article and submitting and subsequently revising your article in response to reviewers’ comments.

Findings

This paper concludes with an acknowledgement of the shifting nature of journal publication processes and contexts and the need for doctoral and ECRs to continue to monitor changes in journal publication practices.

Originality/value

Whilst other articles and publisher web pages offer advice on getting published in specific journals and disciplines, few provide a rounded perspective of the experience of publishing and how this can be navigated successfully.
The impact of financial constraints on banks’ cash tax avoidance
Authors: Jin Justin , Liu Yi , Zhang Zehua , Zhao Ran
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether and how banks’ financial constraints affect their cash tax avoidance. The authors hypothesize that banks engage in more tax planning to generate additional cash to mitigate their financial constraints.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a sample of US banks to conduct the panel regression analysis. The authors measure the bank tax avoidance using the cash effective tax rate and measure the bank financial constraints using the Z-score and annual payout ratio. The authors further use the implementation of the Dodd–Frank Act as a quasi-natural experiment to conduct the difference-in-difference analysis.

Findings

The authors document that financially constrained banks exhibit lower cash effective tax rates. The authors further show that banks facing greater financial constraints are less likely to pursue tax-saving activities following the Dodd–Frank Act. Moreover, the authors find that non-performing loans increase the influence of financial constraints on tax avoidance, while a financial crisis amplifies the impact of financial constraints on bank cash tax savings.

Originality/value

By extending previous research on financial constraints and tax planning, this paper is the first study to recognize financial constraints, along with the Dodd–Frank Act, as determinants of banks’ tax avoidance. This study informs policymakers about the regulation of tax avoidance in the banking industry and sheds light on possible future research on banks’ tax-planning strategies.
The credibility of corporate social responsibility reports: evidence from the energy sector in emerging markets
Authors: Ates Sinem
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the underlying motivation of companies in the energy sector for publishing corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports; is it to inform about their strong corporate social performances (CSP) or to seem as committed to CSR matters although they are not?

Design/methodology/approach

The panel data of the energy and energy utility companies from the Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) countries were analysed by panel logistic and panel ordered logistic regression methods.

Findings

The main results based on the panel data analyses of the energy and energy utility companies from the BRIC countries reveal that publishing a CSR report as per an international framework, Global Reporting Initiative framework for this study, is a signal for a strong CSP. The results also show that the quality of CSR reports is positively associated with the CSP of the companies.

Practical implications

The positive correlation between the existence and quality of CSR reports and CSP identified in this study provides evidence for the credibility of CSR reports and hence forms the basis for the suggestion of the usage of CSR report as a reliable tool to assess the sustainability of the energy sector and emerging markets as well.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the limited literature on the nexus between CSR reporting and CSP for environmentally sensitive industries in emerging markets and enriches the knowledge by investigating overall CSP as well as its three pillars, namely, environmental, social and governance performance.
Student “work group” not working
Authors: Paul Happy , Tatachari Srinivasan
Published: April 2022

Theoretical basis

The primary focus of this case is on group dynamics, including group development, interpersonal conflicts, and team effectiveness. Appropriate theories and frameworks are drawn upon from the literature on group dynamics and conflict management to discuss and address these issues.

Research methodology

This case is completely based on real-life events and the information was attained from interviews with the case characters. Name of the organization and all characters in the case have been disguised.

Case overview/synopsis

This case deals with a student work group facing intragroup conflicts while pursuing Master of Business Administration (MBA) at a prominent Indian B school. Three members of the group approached Hemant Patel, Organizational Behavior Faculty, and Suhas Shah, Program Chair, for seeking help to resolve the conflict. Patel and Shah conducted interviews with group members and organized a workshop on group dynamics at the larger, class level. However, a few members informed them that dynamics were still poor. Patel and Shah are contemplating what to do next.

Complexity academic level

This case can be used in courses on organizational behavior, human resource management (with a focus on group and team performance) or general management (with a focus on group and team effectiveness). The primary focus of this case is on group dynamics and conflict management. This case was written keeping in mind graduate course/MBA students but it should do well with undergraduate students and executive education participants as well.
Conclusion: transitioning from unsustainable to sustainable solutions
Authors: Ozturen Ali , Ozgit Hale
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This theme issue aims to persuade practitioners and academics of the need to collaborate in support of sustainable development and to identify and implement solutions that enable sustainable tourism development in North Cyprus. The strategic question underlying this theme issue is as follows: transitioning from unsustainable to sustainable: what are the solutions for tourism industry stakeholders in North Cyprus?

Design/methodology/approach

The key outcomes of this issue as they relate to the strategic question are reviewed, with particular reference to the contributions made to knowledge, policy and practice as well as the implications for future applied research concerning sustainable tourism development in North Cyprus and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in general.

Findings

Arising from the analysis and synthesis of recommendations, the following themes were proposed as critical concentration points for transitioning from unsustainable to sustainable in the North Cyprus tourism industry: the importance of sustainable tourism indicators (STIs), sustainable development through good governance, engaging cooperatives in urban areas for sustainable development, cultural heritage as a driving force for sustainable development, transportation as a tool for accessible and sustainable tourism, contemporary trends in technology for sustainable development and other factors that could facilitate sustainable tourism development.

Originality/value

This article provides a narrative analysis of the findings and makes recommendations for consideration by politicians and tourist industry executives. The solutions include advancing sustainable tourism practices through technology and increasing policymakers' and tourism stakeholders' consciousness. This paper and the collection of articles on which it is based are the first to examine various academic and practitioner approaches to solutions that would help to address the challenges arising and then facilitate sustainable tourism in North Cyprus.
Effect of temperature on the corrosion rate of low carbon steel with nano dill plant as an inhibitor in industrial water
Authors: Ajeel Sami A. , Hanoon Mahdi M. , Mohamed Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The low carbon steel used in industrial water conveying pipes in the Dora refinery is corroded. This study aims to reduce corrosion rate in these pipes by using green inhibitor extracted from dill plant. This inhibitor is sustainable environmentally.

Design/methodology/approach

The inhibitor extracted from the dill plant was added at different temperatures (25, 40, 60 and 80°C) and at a fixed concentration of 1,400 ppm, as the best protection was obtained at this concentration. The study was carried out under the same conditions using a polarization technique and scanning electron microscope.

Findings

From the results obtained from the polarization curves, it was found that the inhibition efficiency was 92.12% at a concentration of 1,400 ppm and a temperature of 20°C. Potentiodynamic curves showed that both cathodic and anodic reactions were affected by the addition of the inhibitor, indicating that the used inhibitor acted as a mixed type inhibitor, which means that the addition of these inhibitors to the industrial water reduced the anodic dissolution of iron and also retarded the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. This reveals that the inhibition mechanism is of the mixed type with a predominant anodic reaction. The results of the fourier transform infrared test indicated that the dill plant contained different chemical bonds (C–H, C = O, S = O, N–O and C–N) that were included in the construction of the barrier layer to protect the steel surface from corrosion.

Originality/value

The dill plant is abundant in nature, its cost is low and its extraction is very easy. It can be used as an environmentally friendly inhibitor to reduce the rate of corrosion in water-carrying pipes used in oil refineries because it contains effective groups (aromatic rings) that combine with metal atoms to form strong bonds that stick to the surface of the metal, which protect it from the attack of the corrosive medium.
No fuss please! I’m deafblind: a personal point of view and some friendly suggestions
Authors: Wilson-Hinds Roger
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to offer practical suggestions as to factors needing consideration when meeting, interacting with or assessing the needs of an older person living with acquired deafblindness.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper’s author draws on his personal experience of living with acquired deafblindness to offer practical suggestions.

Findings

This paper offers an experiential definition of acquired deafblindness, before providing practical suggestions related to engaging with deafblind people, distinguishing between acquired deafblindness and cognitive decline, and assessing hearing and sight levels.

Originality/value

There is a paucity of literature on the lived experience of older people living with acquired deafblindness. This paper offers both a unique insight into this experience combined with practical suggestions for those in contact with older deafblind people.
A short note on four different emergency management mechanisms in the Chinese government disaster response
Authors: Kong Feng
Published: April 2022

China's government emergency management has the capacity to stand up an emergency management office, an emergency management headquarters, a joint defence and control command mechanism, and an emergency management joint conference. This short note compares these different mechanisms along several important dimensions. The overall emergency management organization and command system of COVID‐19 is analyzed specifically.
Status Epilepticus Australasian Registry for Children: A pilot prospective, observational, cohort study of paediatric status epilepticus
Authors: Furyk Jeremy S , George Shane , Phillips Natalie , Emeto Theophilus I , Watt Kerrianne , O'Brien Sharon , Riney Kate , Wilson Catherine , Hearps Stephen JC , Borland Meredith L , Dalziel Stuart R , Babl Franz E ,   on behalf of the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Published: April 2022

Objective

Paediatric status epilepticus (SE) has potential for long‐term sequelae. Existing data demonstrate delays to aspects of care. The objective of the present study was to examine the feasibility of collecting data on children with paediatric SE and describe current management strategies in pre‐hospital and in‐hospital settings.

Methods

A pilot, prospective, observational cohort study of children 4 weeks to 16 years of age with SE, in four EDs in Australia. Clinical details including medications administered, duration of seizure and short‐term outcomes were collected. Follow up occurred by telephone at 1 month.

Results

We enrolled 167 children with SE. Mean age was 5.4 years (standard deviation [SD] 4.1), and 81 (49%) male. Median seizure duration was 10 min (interquartile range 7–30). Midazolam was the first medication administered in 87/100 (87%) instances, mean dose of 0.21 mg/kg (SD 0.13). The dose of midazolam was adequate in 30 (35%), high (>0.2 mg/kg) in 44 (51%) and low (<0.1 mg/kg) in 13 (15%). For second‐line agents, levetiracetam was administered on 33/55 (60%) occasions, whereas phenytoin and phenobarbitone were administered on 11/55 (20%) occasions each. Mean dose of levetiracetam was 26.4 mg/kg (SD 13.5). One hundred and four (62%) patients were admitted to hospital, with 13 (8%) admitted to ICU and seven (4%) intubated.

Conclusion

In children presenting with SE in Australia medical management differed from previous reports, with midazolam as the preferred benzodiazepine, and levetiracetam replacing phenytoin as the preferred second‐line agent. This pilot study indicates the feasibility of a paediatric SE registry and its utility to understand and optimise practice.