bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acreditación de competencias de los orientadores profesionales en contextos no escolares: El Proyecto Europeo EAS (European Accreditation Scheme)
Authors: Repetto Talavera Elvira , Mudarra Sánchez Mª José , Manzano Soto Nuria , Uribarri González Maite , Vélaz de Medrano Ureta Consuelo
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl proyecto europeo EAS financiado por el Programa Leonardo da Vinci diseña y valida un sistema europeo de acreditación en competencias para profesionales de la orientación en contextos no escolares. En él se definen los siguientes objetivos: 1) Revisar los sistemas de acreditación de los orientadores europeos, 2) Desarrollar un listado de competencias que conforman un sistema de acreditación en 17 países europeos, 3) Realizar un estudio piloto con 350 orientadores y 4) Elaborar el Manual Explicativo del sistema de acreditación propuesto. Para ello, se sigue una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa y se utilizaran diversas fuentes de recogida de datos. Las conclusiones señalan la existencia de una necesidad real y pertinencia de los sistemas de acreditación a nivel europeo.ABSTRACTThe European project EAS has been financed by the Leonardo da Vinci program with the aim of developing and validating an European frame of basic professional standards —a common accreditation system— for those working as career practitioners outside the school context. Four phases along two years were necessary, with the following objectives: 1) Revision of the existing systems of accreditation for guidance practitioners, 2) Development of a list and a system of accreditation of competencies for guidance practitioners, 3) Pilot study through 350 practitioners in 17 European countries, and 4) Development of the Users Manual for the accreditation system obtained. A mixed methodology (qualitative and quantitative), different sources of data gathering (online questionnaire, personal surveys and review of documentation) and several samples were used for the pilot study. For the descriptive analysis, an intended sampled was chosen.The results obtained are a common system of competencies accreditation for guidance practitioners and a user’s manual. Conclusions point the existence of a real need for such accreditation systems and the contribution of this proposal to fill the gap for this type of tools.
La mejora del rendimiento escolar y el clima social mediante un programa de intervención basado en el aprendizaje-servicio y mentoría entre iguales
Authors: Hervás Torres Mirian , Fernández Martín Francisco D. , Arco Tirado José Luis , Miñaca Laprida María Isabel
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN Los datos actuales, sobre fracaso escolar en educación son alarmantes, con índices por encima de la media europea Por ello, las universidades han de reaccionar con propuestas de mejora, fiables, válidas y adaptadas, tales como, el establecimiento de metodologías alternativas docentes, que ayudan al incremento de la adquisición de aprendizajes y competencias, las cuales reducen conductas de riesgo, promocionando un entorno y clima escolar adecuado. Atendiendo a esta situación, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la eficacia del Programa Huelva Educa, experiencia basada en el aprendizaje-servicio y la mentoría entre iguales, para incrementar el rendimiento escolar y mejorar el clima social de alumnado de educación obligatoria. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 69 alumnos de educación obligatoria y 14 docentes-tutores. En esta investigación, se empleó un diseño cuasiexperimental pretest-postest con un solo grupo, donde la intervención consistió en una serie de sesiones de mentoría entre alumnado universitario, previamente entrenado, y el alumnado de educación obligatoria, en horario extraescolar durante el curso escolar. Los resultados arrojan mejoras en el rendimiento escolar del alumnado de educación obligatoria, y mejoras en la cantidad y calidad de las interacciones en el aula, tanto desde la perspectiva del alumnado como de sus docentes-tutores, contribuyendo a la prevención del fracaso y abandono temprano.ABSTRACT  The current data about academic failure and dropout in education are alarming, with scores above average the European average. In this sense, the universities are to react with proposals, reliable, valid and adapted, such as, the establishment of teaching alternative methodologies, to increase the acquisition of learning and skills, reduces risk behaviors, and it promotes an environment and suitable school climate. Considering that situation, the aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of the Huelva Educa Program, an experience based on service-learning and peer mentoring, in order to increase school performance and improve the social climate in compulsory education students. The sample was composed of 69 students of compulsory education and 14 educational tutors. Likewise, in this investigation a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a single group was used, where the intervention, which consisted of different sessions of mentoring among university students, previously trained, and the pupils in compulsory education, in out of school hours during the scholastic year. The results show improvements in school performance of the pupils in compulsory education, and improvements in the quantity and quality of interactions in the classroom, both from the perspective of students and of the educational-tutors, contributing to the failure and early dropout prevention.
Estudio de las diferencias culturales en las relaciones violentas de pareja de España y Perú
Authors: Rubio Laborda Juan Francisco , Almansa Martínez Pilar , Navarro Henarejos José Vicente , Pastor Bravo María del Mar
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la violencia de género sufrida y ejercida en función de la cultura, edad y nivel educativo. Metodología: Estudio transversal descriptivo con una muestra de 130 sujetos seleccionados aleatoriamente mediante el muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas en los países de España y Perú, siendo 53 hombres y 77 mujeres, sobre los que se aplicó un test de valoración de relaciones violentas de pareja, llamado el “semáforo de la violencia”.Resultados: Se encontraron asociaciones significativas según países en los ítems relacionados con el control de la vestimenta y de las salidas, el castigo mediante indiferencia, los celos, la sobreprotección y el control a través del móvil. Por otra parte, la educación formal genera una disminución de la violencia de género sufrida en mujeres. Respecto a la edad, los varones entre 25 y 30 años muestran un aumento significativo en la violencia verbal y la coacción sexual que ejercen.Conclusión: Las normas culturales y tradicionales pueden afectar a las relaciones violentas de pareja. Por lo que han de ser tenidas en cuenta al educar en igualdad para elaborar nuevos constructos sociales, haciendo énfasis en las mujeres con baja educación formal por ser más vulnerables de sufrir violencia de género y en los hombres del grupo etario que más la ejerce.

Objective: To examine intimate partner violence in relation to culture, age and educational level of those involved.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving a sample of 130 subjects, randomly selected through non-probabilistic sampling by quotas, in Spain and Peru (53 men and 77 women). An evaluation of violent intimate partner relationships was undertaken using a tool known as the "Traffic Light of Gender Violence".Results: Significant association was found between countries and the items related to the control of dress and outings, punishment by indifference, jealousy, overprotection and control by means of the mobile phone. On the other hand, formal education generates a decrease in gender violence suffered in women. With regard to age, males between 25 and 30 years of age show a significant increase in verbal violence and sexual coercion.Conclusion: Cultural and traditional rules can affect intimate partner violence. Therefore, they should be considered when educating for equality in order to elaborate new social constructs, focusing particularly on women with low levels of formal education (because they are more vulnerable to gender violence) and on men of the age group that tends to use it more.
Risk factors for Healthcare-Associated Infections caused by KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a case-control study
Authors: Alvim André , Bráulio Roberto Gonçalves Marinho Couto  , Andrea Gazzinelli
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar los factores de riesgo para infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria causadas por Enterobacteriaceae productoras de carbapenemas.Método: Este es un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles que consistió en una muestra de 82 pacientes infectados y 164 controles, totalizando 246 pacientes. La recopilación de datos se realizó entre enero y mayo de 2017 mediante la búsqueda en el Sistema Automatizado de Control de Infecciones Hospitalarias y en los registros electrónicos de pacientes.Resultados: Pacientes previamente colonizados con microorganismos gramnegativos (OR: 10.7, 95% CI: 2-60, p=0.007), con cáncer (OR: 20.8, 95% CI: 4-120, p<0.001), utilizando una catéter de doble luz (OR: 30.5, 95% CI: 2-382, p=0.008), con lesión por presión (OR: 136.2, 95% CI: 11- 1623, p<0.001) y permanecer en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6, p <0.001) fueron más propensos a desarrollar infecciones causadas por Enterobacteriaceae productoras de carbapenemas que el grupo control. El área bajo la curva ROC mostró un buen rendimiento general (0,99; IC 95%: 0,992-0,998) del modelo de regresión logística final.Conclusión: La colonización previa, el cáncer, el uso de catéteres de doble luz, la lesión por presión y la estadía en la UCI fueron factores de riesgo muy importantes para la adquisición de infecciones en el entorno hospitalario.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for healthcare-associated infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae. Method: This is a retrospective case-control study that consisted of a sample of 82 infected patients and 164 controls, totaling 246 patients. Data collection was performed between January and May 2017 through search in the Automated Hospital Infection Control System and in the electronic patient records.Results: Patients previously colonized with gram-negative microorganisms (OR: 10.7, 95% CI: 2-60, p=0.007), with cancer (OR: 20.8, 95% CI: 4-120, p<0.001), using a double lumen catheter (OR: 30.5, 95% CI: 2-382, p=0.008), with pressure injury (OR: 136.2, 95% CI: 11- 1623, p<0.001) and Intensive Care Unit stay (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6, p <0.001) had a greater chance of developing Healthcare-associated Infections caused by KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae than the control group. The area under the ROC curve showed a good overall performance (0.99, 95% CI: 0.992-0.998) of the final logistic regression model. Conclusion: Previous colonization, cancer, double lumen catheter use, pressure injury and ICU stay were very important risk factors for the acquisition of infections in the hospital environment.
Elaboração e avaliação de um protótipo-aplicativo para cuidador de idosos
Authors: Barbosa de Lira Tatiane , Viana Rocha Francisca Cecília , Landim Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro , Miranda Amorim Fernanda Cláudia , Viana Rocha Lucas Pazolinni
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Desarrollar y evaluar un prototipo de dispositivo móvil con directrices para cuidadores de ancianos. Metodología: Investigación metodológica aplicada, de producción tecnológica, descriptiva y exploratoria con abordaje cuantitativo realizado en la institución privada de Educación Superior. Los colaboradores del estudio estuvieron compuestos por un comité de expertos, profesionales de la tecnología de la información (TI) y enfermeras docentes. El estudio fue desarrollado en tres etapas: (I) el análisis de la literatura científica, (II) el desarrollo de la aplicación móvil, (III) la evaluación de la aplicación prototipo. El proyecto fue presentado al Comité de Ética e Investigación, donde se aprobó bajo el número de dictamen 2.723.146. Resultados: Se evaluaron las Características de Calidad a partir de un software: funcionalidad, facilidad de uso, fiabilidad, eficiencia, mantenibilidad y portabilidad. Todo el contenido abordado en la aplicación prototipo fue evaluado por el comité de expertos, donde obtuvo un promedio de 4,6, siendo considerado apto para la validación.Conclusión: La construcción de un prototipo de aplicación para ayudar a los cuidadores de ancianos promueve la posibilidad de resolver una dificultad encontrada de forma simple y dinámica.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a prototype for mobile device with guidelines for caregivers of the elderly.Methodology: Methodological research applied, technological production, descriptive and exploratory, with a quantitative approach performed in Private Higher Education Institution. Study collaborators were composed by a committee of experts, they are professionals of information technology (IT) and Nurse teachers. The study was developed in three stages: (I) Analysis of the scientific literature, (II) development of mobile application, (III) Evaluation of the prototype application. The project was submitted to the Ethics and Research Committee, where it was approved under the number of 2,723,146.Results: Quality characteristics were evaluated from a software: functionality, usability, reliability, efficiency, maintainability and portability. All the content addressed in the prototype application was evaluated by the committee of experts, where he obtained an average of 4.6, being considered suitable for validationConclusion: We found that the construction of a prototype application to assist the caregivers of elderly promotes the possibility of solving a difficulty found in a simple and dynamic.
Drosophila seminal sex peptide associates with rival as well as own sperm, providing SP function in polyandrous females
Authors: Misra Snigdha , Wolfner Mariana F
Published: July 2020

When females mate with more than one male, the males’ paternity share is affected by biases in sperm use. These competitive interactions occur while female and male molecules and cells work interdependently to optimize fertility, including modifying the female’s physiology through interactions with male seminal fluid proteins (SFPs). Some modifications persist, indirectly benefiting later males. Indeed, rival males tailor their ejaculates accordingly. Here, we show that SFPs from one male can directly benefit a rival’s sperm. We report that Sex Peptide (SP) that a femaleDrosophilareceives from a male can bind sperm that she had stored from a previous male, and rescue the sperm utilization and fertility defects of an SP-deficient first-male. Other seminal proteins received in the first mating ‘primed’ the sperm (or the female) for this binding. Thus, SP from one male can directly benefit another, making SP a key molecule in inter-ejaculate interaction.
Nursing reception in the admission of chronic renal patient for hemodialitic treatment
Authors: Maia Sayonnara Ferreira , Sousa Shirley Sotero da Silva , Silveira Flávia Dayana Riebeiro da , Gomes Fábio dos Santos , Souza Jeciane Maria Pires de , Silva Polyanna Pereira da
Published: July 2020

Objetivos: analisar de que forma ocorre o acolhimento do paciente renal crônico para o tratamento hemodialitico pelo enfermeiro na admissão em uma clínica de Hemodiálise. Método: Estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizada nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2018. Os participantes do estudo foram 16 enfermeiros que atuavam há pelo menos seis meses na área de hemodiálise, e excluídos os que não realizam assistência direta ao paciente. Resultados: As falas evidenciam que os enfermeiros executam procedimentos burocráticos rotineiros na admissão, identificam as necessidades de cuidado relacionados principalmente ao acesso, orientam para o autocuidado e que tem muitos pacientes sob sua supervisão dificultando a realização de uma assistência completa. Conclusão: o ato de acolher é executado, na busca da construção do vínculo profissional-paciente, orientando ao auto cuidado, mostrando formas de adaptação ao novo tratamento e o seu reflexo na qualidade de vida do paciente.
Analysis of maternal mortality ratio pattern by hypertension
Authors: Oliveira Emanuel Thomaz de Aquino , Cavalcante Antônio Eduardo Osório , Santos Luisa Chrisdayla Macedo , Baldoino Ana Christina de Sousa , Penha Jardeliny Corrêa da , Rodrigues Jailson Alberto
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o padrão da razão de mortalidade materna através dos óbitos por hipertensão associados à gestação nos municípios do Estado do Piauí, dos anos 2012 a 2016. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, comparativo, longitudinal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir de registros de óbitos maternos ocorridos por distúrbios hipertensivos no Piauí, de 2012 à 2016. Resultados: Foram identificados 46 óbitos maternos por hipertensão, destes 12 mulheres possuíam escolaridade de 8 a 11 anos de estudo (26,1%), 19 (41,3%) tinham de 30 a 39 anos, eram 33 (71,7%) pardas e 12 (26,1%) solteiras. Conclusão: É fundamental que haja comprometimento de gestores e profissionais, para desenvolver ações de promoção a saúde das mulheres no ciclo gravídico-puerperal nos diversos serviços de saúde, de forma descentralizado, por meio de uma atenção qualificada, humanizada e integral.
Menssans: app to practice mindfulness for women with breast cancer
Authors: Silva Leandro Santiago da , Tavares Livânia Beltrão , Braga Diana Sampaio
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Apresentar o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de software (MensSans) para auxiliar mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama na realização do tratamento terapêutico com Mindfulness. Métodos: O processo metodológico se fundamentou no modelo de prototipação e neste trabalho o projeto foi elaborado considerando as etapas de levantamento bibliográfico, definição de requisitos, projeto do sistema e implementação. Resultados: O aplicativo fornece o programa do Mindfulness seguindo o modelo de oito semanas, no qual uma sequência de materiais em texto e áudio é apresentada ao usuário para utilizar durante a semana, emitindo notificações de alerta nos horários previamente estabelecidos para as sessões. Conclusão: Esta ferramenta promove uma interação saudável com a tecnologia podendo trazer benefícios instantâneos e duradouros em diferentes momentos do tratamento oncológico por meio um cronograma que colabora com o exercício integral e continuo da atenção plena.
Cancer Patient in The Final Stage of Life Undergoing Palliative Care: The Family Caregiver Experience
Authors: Barbosa Raphaell Phillipe Souza , Batista Jaqueline Brito Vidal , Santos Betânia Maria Pereira , Costa Mônica Isabel Abrantes Leite , Santos Marinalvo Sandro de Lima , Fernandes Maria Andréa
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Compreender a vivência do cuidador familiar de paciente com câncer na fase final de vida em cuidados paliativos. Método: Estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um hospital da cidade de João Pessoa – PB. Foram entrevistados 15 cuidadores familiares, no período de maio a julho de 2019. Utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado para coletar os dados. As informações foram analisadas conforme a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A análise do material empírico possibilitou a construção de duas categorias temáticas: I – Repercussões na saúde física e psicológica do cuidador familiar e II – Perspectivas de futuro diante da proximidade de morte do seu ente querido. Conclusão: É importante que o profissional utilize na sua assistência ferramentas que facilitem o processo de adaptação do cuidador à nova situação, buscando reduzir sobrecargas físicas e emocionais, e o preparando, para que ele possa dar continuidade a sua vida após a perda.
Self-Assessment of Knowledge in Paliative Care by Physicians Resident of a University Hospital
Authors: Paiva Melina Pereira Fernandes , Machado Dandara Bandeira de Oliveira Martins , Sousa Eduardo Sérgio Soares , Costa Thiago Lins da , Queiroz Ronaldo Bezerra de , Muñoz Rilva Lopes de Sousa
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Verificar a autoavaliação do conhecimento de médicos residentes do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW) acerca de Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional, transversal, quantitativo, envolvendo médicos residentes do HULW, que responderam ao questionário com perguntas sociodemográficas e conhecimentos em CP. Resultados: Dos 172 médicos, 99 (57,6%) participaram da pesquisa, 47,5% entre 28-32 anos e 54,5% do sexo feminino.A maioria respondeu que aprendeu sobre o controle dos sintomas comuns na assistência paliativista, embora 97% necessitassem aperfeiçoar seus conhecimentos sobre CP. Apenas 16,2% conheciam a atual Lei de Bases dos CP, porém mais de 80% compreendiam os aspectos bioéticos pesquisados. Contudo, mais de 75% de respostas compatíveis com conhecimento sobre CP ocorreram em apenas 5 das 16 questões (31,2%). Conclusão: Existe relativa escassez de conhecimento acerca dos CP entre os médicos entrevistados, tornando indispensável estudos adicionais de intervenções curriculares que possam contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento desses profissionais.
Análise da imunização contra o HPV no Brasil: um estudo ecológico exploratório de 2016 a 2018 - Hpv immunization analysis in brazil: an exploratory ecological study from 2016 to 2018
Authors: De Souza Wesley Martins , Da Silva Alice Dutra , Santos Aimeé Diogenes , Soares Suellen , Morone Arlene Regina , Santos Fabrício
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a taxa de cobertura vacinal contra o HPV em cada unidade da federação, por sexo, entre 2016 e 2018. Método: estudo ecológico, cuja taxa de cobertura vacinal foi calculada pela razão das doses de vacina aplicadas em cada unidade da federação pela população da mesma. Realizou-se os testes de hipótese não paramétricos Wilcoxon e Kruskal-Wallis para estabelecer a significância de semelhança na cobertura vacinal entre os sexos. Resultados: as diferenças das taxas de cobertura, no biênio 2017-2018, entre os sexos foram insignificantes. Entretanto, analisando esses anos de forma separada, demonstrou-se significância estatística entre os sexos. Conclusão: atribuiu-se a queda da taxa de cobertura vacinal no sexo feminino ao longo dos anos de campanha ao fato de não haver reforço após a segunda dose. Em contrapartida, o crescimento da taxa de cobertura referente ao sexo masculino pode ser justificado pela recente inclusão deste grupo no calendário vacinal do SUS.
Estimation of secondary cancer risk after radiotherapy in high‐risk prostate cancer patients with pelvic irradiation
Authors: Haciislamoglu Emel , Gungor Gorkem , Aydin Gokhan , Canyilmaz Emine , Guler Ozan Cem , Zengin Ahmet Yasar , Yenice Kamil Mehmet
Published: July 2020

We aimed to estimate the risk of secondary cancer after radiotherapy (RT) in high‐risk prostate cancer (HRPC) patients with pelvic irradiation. Computed tomography data of five biopsy‐proven HRPC patients were selected for this study. Two different planning target volumes (PTV1 and PTV2) were contoured for each patient. The PTV1 included the prostate, seminal vesicles, and pelvic lymphatics, while the PTV2 included only the prostate and seminal vesicles. The prescribed dose was 54 Gy for the PTV1 with a sequential boost (24 Gy for the PTV2). Intensity‐modulated RT (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques were used to generate treatment plans with 6 and 10 MV photon energies with the flattening filter (FF) or flattening filter‐free (FFF) irradiation mode. The excess absolute risks (EARs) were calculated and compared for the bladder, rectum, pelvic bone, and soft tissue based on the linear‐exponential, plateau, full mechanistic, and specific mechanistic sarcoma dose‐response model. According to the models, all treatment plans resulted in similar risks of secondary bladder or rectal cancer and pelvic bone or soft tissue sarcoma except for the estimated risk of the bladder according to the full mechanistic model using IMRT(6MV;FF) technique compared with VMAT techniques with FFF options. The overall estimation of EAR indicated that the radiation‐induced cancer risk due to RT in HRPC was lower for bladder than the rectum. EAR values ranged from 1.47 to 5.82 for bladder and 6.36 to 7.94 for rectum, depending on the dose–response models used. The absolute risks of the secondary pelvic bone and soft tissue sarcoma were small for the plans examined. We theoretically predicted the radiation‐induced secondary cancer risk in HRPC patients with pelvic irradiation. Nevertheless, prospective clinical trials, with larger patient cohorts with a long‐term follow‐up, are needed to validate these model predictions.
Responsiveness of outcome measures in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Knak Kirsten L. , Sheikh Aisha M. , Witting Nanna , Vissing John
Published: July 2020

Objective

As myotonic dystrophy type 1(DM1) evolves slowly and interventional trials often have a short duration, responsive outcomes in DM1 are needed. The objective of this study was to determine the responsiveness of muscle strength, balance, and functional mobility measurements after a 1‐year follow‐up period in individuals with DM1.

Methods

Sixty‐three adults with noncongenital DM1 completed the following assessments at baseline and at 1‐year follow‐up: Handheld dynamometry (lower limbs), stationary dynamometry (lower limbs), step test, timed‐up‐and‐go test (TUG), modified clinical test of sensory integration and balance (mCTSIB), feet‐together stance, tandem stance, one‐leg stance, 10‐meter walk test, and sit‐to‐stand test.

Results

Change was captured by stationary dynamometry (proximal flexor and extensor muscles), handheld dynamometry (proximal flexor and distal extensor muscles), TUG, and mCTSIB (P ≤ 0.04). Ceiling or floor effects were shown for most static balance tests.

Interpretation

Overall, adequate responsiveness was shown for both muscle strength dynamometers, TUG and mCTSIB. These outcomes are therefore likely candidate endpoints for clinical trials lasting 1 year. Most static balance tests are not responsive and not recommended in a heterogeneous DM1 population.
Primary results of a randomized two‐by‐two factorial phase II trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with two and four courses of cisplatin/S‐1 and docetaxel/cisplatin/S‐1 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Hayashi Tsutomu , Yoshikawa Takaki , Sakamaki Kentaro , Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Fujitani Kazumasa , Tanabe Kazuaki , Misawa Kazunari , Matsui Takanori , Miki Akira , Nemoto Hiroshi , Fukunaga Tetsu , Kimura Yutaka , Hihara Jun
Published: July 2020

Aim

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is promising to improve the survival of resectable gastric cancer. However, suitable regimen and treatment duration for NAC have not yet been established.

Methods

We conducted a randomized phase II trial to compare two and four courses of neoadjuvant S‐1/cisplatin (SC) and S‐1/cisplatin/docetaxel(DCS) using a two‐by‐two factorial design for locally resectable advanced gastric cancer. Patients with M0 and either T4 or T3 in case of junctional cancer or scirrhous‐type cancer received two or four courses of SC or DCS. Then, patients underwent D2 gastrectomy and adjuvant S‐1 chemotherapy for 1 year. The primary endpoint was 3‐year overall survival. The planned sample size was 120 eligible patients.

Results

Between October 2011 and September 2014, 132 patients were assigned to CS (n = 66; 33 in 2‐courses and 33 in 4‐courses) and DCS (n = 66; 33 in 2‐courses and 33 in 4‐courses). The 3‐year OS was 58.1% in CS and 60.0% in DCS with hazard ratio of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.48‐1.34), while it was 53.1% in the two courses and 65.0% in the four courses with hazard ratio of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.43‐1.22). In the survival analysis by duration in each regimen, the 3‐year OS was 58.1% for both two and four courses in CS, while it was 48.5% for two courses of DCS and 71.9% for four courses of DCS.

Conclusions

Considering high 3‐year OS, four courses DCS has a value to be tested in a future phase III study to confirm superiority of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer.
Improved processability ofPA66‐polyimidecopolymers with different polyimide contents
Authors: Qu Chunyan , Tang Yao , Wang Dezhi , Fan XuPeng , Li Hongfeng , Liu Changwei , Su Kai , Zhao Daoxiang , Jing Jiaqi , Zhang Xiao
Published: July 2020

Limitations in the properties of polyamide PA66, such as low glass transition temperature and high water absorptivity, limit its applications. Introduction of amorphous polyimide segments into the PA66 main chain lowers the glass transition temperature and melting temperature and also improves its processability. PA66‐polyimide (PA‐PI) copolymers with different weight ratios of PI are prepared by high temperature and high‐pressure solution polymerization. The degree of crystallization of PA‐PI copolymers decreases with increasing PI content. The melting point decreases from 261°C for PA66 to 223°C for PA‐PI‐4. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that theTgincreases from 70 to 90°C, and the storage modulus can be well maintained. Rheological studies show that the temperature for processing can reach 70°C. Copolymers with different PI contents show different processing viscosities. In addition, water absorptivity (about 1.8%) and dielectric constant values of PA‐PI and PA6/6T are similar.
Behavior in cheating paradigms is linked to overall approval rates of crowdworkers
Authors: Schild Christoph , Lilleholt Lau , Zettler Ingo
Published: July 2020

Dishonest and fraudulent behavior poses a serious threat to both individuals and societies. Many studies investigating dishonesty rely on (one of) a few well‐established lab and online cheating paradigms. Quite surprisingly, though, the external validity of these paradigms has only been investigated in a small number of studies, raising the question of whether behavior in these paradigms is related to real‐life dishonesty or, more broadly, socially questionable behavior. Tackling this gap, we link observed behavior in two widely used cheating paradigms to approval rates on two crowdworking platforms (namely, Prolific and Amazon Mechanical Turk) using data from four studies (overall N = 5,183). Results indicate that lower approval rates are associated with higher proportions of dishonest individuals. Importantly, this relation also holds for crowdworkers who exceed commonly used thresholds for study inclusion. The results thus support the external validity of (two widely used) cheating paradigms. Further, the study identifies approval rates as a variable that explains dishonesty on crowdworking platforms.
The role of presence when working with children and young people demonstrating harmful sexual behaviour
Authors: Cranbourne‐Rosser Melody , Campbell Miglena , Pilkington Lesley , Carthy Nikki
Published: July 2020

Working with children and young people (CYP) demonstrating harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) is complex and requires understanding of the dual identity of ‘victim’ and ‘victimiser’. Working with such experiences can impact on therapeutic processes, such as ‘presence’, a phenomenon manifesting from connection and moment‐to‐moment awareness. Research into presence generally focuses on working with adults. This study explored presence when working with CYP demonstrating HSB. Eight practitioners were interviewed focusing on their lived experiences of presence in terms of personal perception, cultivation, and influence on practice and sustainability. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, which resulted in two main themes: ‘presence and person’ and ‘presence and place’. Findings suggested that in addition to presence and the therapeutic relationship enhancing each other qualitatively, presence provides a platform of connectivity from which to engage, promotes working from a whole‐person perspective and assigns deeper meaning to the work; cultivation requires opportunities to identify, enhance and embrace the phenomenon in order to promote self‐awareness and utilise presence effectively with others; practitioner well‐being and sustainability requires application of self‐care strategies and robust workplace support; and the development of a safe and productive presence‐informed service requires suitable processes and procedures to be established. These points are considered in terms of implications and future recommendations for practice and policy.
Sublingual emphysema following alveoloplasty: A case report
Authors: Dodge Austin , Kreh Katelyn , Kofina Vrisiis , Rawal Swati Y.
Published: July 2020

Various cases of introduction of air into soft tissues have been reported in the dental literature. Here, we report a rare case of localized sublingual emphysema after alveoloplasty. There was no facial involvement. The patient responded to treatment and recovered uneventfully.
A case of COVID‐19 with the atypical CT finding
Authors: Kurimoto Ryota , Sakurai Kenji , Motoori Ken , Suda Akira
Published: July 2020

COVID‐19 usually demonstrates the specific pattern of chest CT findings (GGO, inverted‐halo sign, etc). However, some COVID‐19 cases show atypical CT findings. Physicians should make comprehensive judgments.
Protein A immunoadsorption combination with immunosuppressive therapy improves neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report
Authors: Wen Feng , Wu Xiaoling , Liao Ruyi , Feng Zhonglin , Li Zhilian , Fu Xia , Fu Lei , Li Sijia , Li Zhuo , Li Sheng , Wang Wenjian , Huang Biao , He Chaosheng , Wei Shi , Liang Xinling , Liu Shuangxin
Published: July 2020

We described protein A immunoadsorption combination with immunosuppressive treatment improved rapidly a patient with Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
Testing for nonlinear genotype × environment interactions
Authors: Yang Rong‐Cai
Published: July 2020

The responses of different genotypes to an environmental gradient are often nonlinear and nonparallel. Current tests for differential genotypic responses are based largely on linear regression models (stability analysis) or on evaluations of all quadruples for crossover interactions (COIs) from a two‐way genotype × environment (G × E) table if the environments are unquantified. The objective of this study was to develop a new statistical analysis for comparing nonlinear genotypic response curves over an environmental gradient. We first conducted an investigation to find the points where the two nonparallel curves intersected. If the intersection points lie within the attainable environmental range, the two nonparallel curves involve COI; if the points lie at the boundaries or outside the attainable range, the nonparallel curves do not involve COI. We then developed statistical tests for comparing a full and a reduced model describing the two nonparallel curves. The tests were used to analyze a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination test (WGT) data under the reciprocal of a linear function and a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar trial (BCT) data under Cauchy function. The WGT analysis shows that at least one pair of cultivars involve COI over the temperature gradient, which went undetected by a previous test based on all possible quadruples. The BCT analysis revealed that 56% of 780 possible pairs of 40 genotypes differ significantly from each other, providing more insights into the patterns of complex G × E interactions. Our analysis is therefore a viable alternative to the existing procedures.
Pitfalls during in silico prediction of primer specificity for eDNA surveillance
Authors: So Ken Ying Kin , Fong Jonathan J. , Lam Ivan Pui Yin , Dudgeon David
Published: July 2020

While high efficiency and cost‐effectiveness are two merits of environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques for detecting aquatic organisms, the difficulty of designing species‐specific primers can result in significant expenditure of time and money. During the in silico stage of primer development, primer specificity is predicted with alignment techniques such as BLAST that is based on the number and position of the primer/nontarget template mismatches. However, we speculate that nonspecific amplification is influenced by additional parameters, which lead to inaccuracies of in silico prediction. We performed in vitro specificity tests for 38 species‐specific primers selected for seven fishes and six turtles, using single‐plex conventional PCR (cPCR). A subset of 12 primer pairs were further tested with SYBR Green‐based or TaqMan‐based single‐plex quantitative PCR (qPCR). We disentangle the relative importance of mismatch properties (types and positions), primer properties (length, GC content, and 3′ end stability), PCR conditions (template concentrations and annealing temperatures), and PCR technique (cPCR, TaqMan‐based, or SYBR Green‐based qPCR) in determining the occurrence of amplifications. We then compared the PCR outcomes with the specificity check under two stringency scenarios based on alignment (i.e., BLAST search). We conducted a total of 679 cPCR and 226 qPCR analyses, with 90% of the reactions tested with nontarget templates. Primer pairs predicted by Primer‐BLAST to be specific rarely showed such specificity during the in vitro testing. BLAST searches correctly predicted the outcomes of around 67% of cPCR and qPCR, but had low sensitivity in detection of nontarget amplification (29–57%). Primer specificity increased significantly with total number of mismatches and annealing temperature, but decreased with higher GC content in the primer sequence. Mismatches that consisted of A‐A, G‐A, and C‐C pairings exerted 56% stronger reduction in nonspecific amplification effects than other mismatches. To conclude, we show that the prediction of primer specificity based only on the number and position of mismatches can be misleading. Our findings can be applied to increase the efficiency of the in silico primer selection process to maintain the relatively high efficiency and cost‐effectiveness of eDNA techniques.
Long‐distance atmospheric moisture dominates water budget in permafrost regions of the Central Qinghai‐Tibet plateau
Authors: Zhu Xiaofan , Wu Tonghua , Hu Guojie , Wang Shengjie , Wu Xiaodong , Li Ren , Wang Weiguo , Wen Amin , Ni Jie , Li Xiangfei , Hao Junming
Published: July 2020

Precipitation plays an important role in permafrost hydrology; it can alter the hydrothermal condition of the active layer and even influence the permafrost aggradation or degradation. Moisture recycling from evaporation and transpiration can greatly contribute to local precipitation in some regions. This study selected four monitoring sites and used an isotope mixing model to investigate local moisture recycling in permafrost regions of the central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results showed that the local water vapour flux in the summer and autumn were dominantly influenced by westerlies and the Indian monsoon. Moistures for precipitation in Wudaoliang (WDL) and Fenghuoshan (FHS) mainly came from the western QTP, eastern Tianshan Mountains, western Qilian Mountains, and the surrounding regions. In comparsion, more than half of precipitation at Tanggula (TGL) was mostly sourced from the Indian monsoon. Local moisture recycling ratios at the four sites ranged from 14% ± 3.8% to 31.6% ± 4.8%, and depended on the soil moisture and relative humidity. In particular, the higher soil moisture and relative humidity promoted local moisture recycling, but frozen ground might be a potential influencing factor as well. The moisture recycling ratios of the study area were consistent with the results from both the Qinghai Lake Basin and the Nam Co Basin, but differed from those of the northwestern QTP. This difference may indirectly confirm the great spatial variability in precipitation on the QTP. Moreover, the rising air temperature and ground temperature, increasing precipitation, higher soil moisture, higher vegetation cover, and expanding lakes in the study area may be conductive to enhancing future local moisture recycling by altering ground surface conditions and facilitating the land surface evaporation and plant transpiration.
Application of microcosm experiments for quantifying lateral flow and evapotranspiration on recovering bog ecotypes
Authors: Swenson Michael M. , Regan Shane , Gill Laurence W.
Published: July 2020

The importance of characterizing the ecohydrological interactions in natural, damaged/drained, and restored bogs is underscored by the importance of peatlands to global climate change and the growing need for peatland restoration. An understudied aspect of peatland ecohydrology is how shallow lateral flow impacts local hydrological conditions and water balance, which are critical for peatland restoration success. A novel method is presented using microcosms installed in the field to understand the dynamics of shallow lateral flow. Analysis of the difference in water table fluctuation inside and outside the microcosm experimental areas allowed the water balance to be constrained and the calculation of lateral flow and evapotranspiration. As an initial demonstration of this method, a series of four microcosm experiments were set up in locations with differing ecological quality and land management histories, on a raised bog complex in the midlands of Ireland. The timing and magnitude of the lateral flow differed considerably between locations with differing ecological conditions, indicating that shallow lateral flow is an important determining factor in the ecohydrological trajectory of a recovering bog system. For locations where Sphagnum spp. moss layer was present, a slow continuous net lateral input of water from the upstream catchment area supported the water table during drought periods, which was not observed in locations lacking Sphagnum. Consistent with other studies, evapotranspiration was greater in locations with a Spaghnum moss layer than in locations with a surface of peat soil.
Modified Global Flower Pollination Algorithm‐based image fusion for medical diagnosis using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sumithra M. , Malathi S.
Published: July 2020

Recently, the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical image fusion have turned into a challenging issue in the medical field. The optimal fused image is a significant component to detect the disease easily. In this research, we propose an iterative optimization approach for CT and MRI image fusion. Initially, the CT and MRI image fusion is subjected to a multilabel optimization problem. The main aim is to minimize the data and smoothness cost during image fusion. To optimize the fusion parameters, the Modified Global Flower Pollination Algorithm is proposed. Here, six sets of fusion images with different experimental analysis are evaluated in terms of different evaluation metrics such as accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, SD, structural similarity index, feature similarity index, mutual information, fusion quality, and root mean square error (RMSE). While comparing to state‐of‐art methods, the proposed fusion model provides best RMSE with higher fusion performance. Experiments on a set of MRI and CT images of medical data set show that the proposed method outperforms a very competitive performance in terms of fusion quality.
Design and synthesis of new series of 3‐cyanopyridine and pyrazolopyridine derivatives
Authors: Keshk Reda Mohammed
Published: July 2020

Reaction of 3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐pyridone with ethyl chloroacetate afforded ethyl 2‐([3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethylpyridin‐2‐yl]oxy)acetate 2 and ethyl 2‐(3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐oxopyridin‐1[2H]‐yl)acetate 3, the reaction product yield depend on the reaction condition (potassium carbonate concentration and reaction time). These compounds used as precursors to synthesize pyridine derivatives 4, 6‐10, 15, 17‐20, furopyridines 5, 16, pyrazolopyridine 12, pyridopyrazolopyrimidines 14a,b. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectral data (IR, NMR, and mass spectra) and elemental analysis.
Encephalitic syndrome and anosmia in COVID‐19: Do these clinical presentations really reflect SARS‐CoV‐2 neurotropism? A theory based on the review of 25 COVID‐19 cases
Authors: Pouga Lydia
Published: July 2020

Since the discovery of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a disease caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the pathology showed different faces. There is an increasing number of cases described as (meningo)encephalitis although evidence often lacks. Anosmia, another atypical form of COVID‐19, has been considered as testimony of the potential of neuroinvasiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2, though this hypothesis remains highly speculative. We did a review of the cases reported as brain injury caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. Over 98 papers found, 21 were analyzed. Only four publications provided evidence of the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 within the central nervous system (CNS). When facing acute neurological abnormalities during an infectious episode it is often difficult to disentangle neurological symptoms induced by the brain infection and those due to the impact of host immune response on the CNS. Cytokines release can disturb neural cells functioning and can have in the most severe cases vascular and cytotoxic effects. An inappropriate immune response can lead to the production of auto‐antibodies directed toward CNS components. In the case of proven SARS‐CoV‐2 brain invasion, the main hypothesis found in the literature focus on a neural pathway, especially the direct route via the nasal cavity, although the virus is likely to reach the CNS using other routes. Our ability to come up with hypotheses about the mechanisms by which the virus might interact with the CNS may help to keep in mind that all neurological symptoms observed during COVID‐19 do not always rely on CNS viral invasion.
Kinetic modeling of liquid‐phase esterification of acetic acid withn‐butanol using heterogeneous poly(o‐methylenep‐toluene sulfonic acid) as catalyst
Authors: Nagveni P. , Kamesh Reddi , Yamuna Rani K.
Published: July 2020

Liquid‐phase esterification of acetic acid withn‐butanol ton‐butyl acetate is studied in the presence of a polymeric catalyst, that is, poly(o‐methylenep‐toluene sulfonic acid). The performance of the proposed catalyst is compared with the other commercially available homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in terms of its activity. Experiments are conducted in an isothermal stirred batch reactor to study the effects of speed of agitation, temperature, and catalyst loading on the rate of reaction. A concentration‐based pseudo‐homogeneous (PH) kinetic model and activity‐based kinetic models such as PH, Eley‐Rideal (ER), and Langmuir‐Hinselwood‐Hougen‐Watson (LHHW) models are developed. All the models considered in this study resulted in similar percentage deviation close to 4%. Further, kinetic models are validated through additional experiments, and it is observed that the simple concentration‐based PH model is able to predict experimental data with least deviation compared to activity‐based PH, ER, and LHHW models. The developed kinetic models are also tested using the Fisher‐Snedecor test (F‐test) and are found to be acceptable. By incorporating both modeling data and validation data, the overall absolute average deviations of different models are found to be concentration‐based PH model 4.354%, activity‐based PH model 5.006%, ER I model 5.189%, ER II model 5.403%, ER III model 5.437%, and LHHW model 6.104%, illustrating the superiority of the simple concentration‐based PH model.
On dual Bernstein polynomials and stochastic fractional integro‐differential equations
Authors: Sayevand Khosro , Tenreiro Machado J. , Masti Iman
Published: July 2020

In recent years, random functional or stochastic equations have been reported in a large class of problems. In many cases, an exact analytical solution of such equations is not available and, therefore, is of great importance to obtain their numerical approximation. This study presents a numerical technique based on Bernstein operational matrices for a family of stochastic fractional integro‐differential equations (SFIDE) by means of the trapezoidal rule. A relevant feature of this method is the conversion of the SFIDE into a linear system of algebraic equations that can be analyzed by numerical methods. An upper error bound, the convergence, and error analysis of the scheme are investigated. Three examples illustrate the accuracy and performance of the technique.