bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Electrically Modulated Single‐Color/Dual‐Color Imaging Photodetector
Authors: Li Lin , Chen Hongyu , Fang Zhimin , Meng Xianyi , Zuo Chuantian , Lv Menglan , Tian Yongzhi , Fang Ying , Xiao Zuo , Shan Chongxin , Xiao Zhengguo , Jin Zhiwen , Shen Guozhen , Shen Liang , Ding Liming
Published: May 2020

An electrically modulated single‐/dual‐color imaging photodetector with fast response speed is developed based on a small molecule (COi8DFIC)/perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) hybrid film. Owing to the type‐I heterojunction, the device can facilely transform dual‐color images to single‐color images by applying a small bias voltage. The photodetector exhibits two distinct cut‐off wavelengths at ≈544 nm (visible region) and ≈920 nm (near‐infrared region), respectively, without any power supply. Its two peak responsivities are 0.16 A W−1 at ≈525 nm and 0.041 A W−1 at ≈860 nm with a fast response speed (≈102 ns). Under 0.6 V bias, the photodetector can operate in a single‐color mode with a peak responsivity of 0.09 A W−1 at ≈475 nm, showing a fast response speed (≈102 ns). A physical model based on band energy theory is developed to illustrate the origin of the tunable single‐/dual‐color photodetection. This work will stimulate new approaches for developing solution‐processed multifunctional photodetectors for imaging photodetection in complex circumstances.
Electrically Micro‐Polarized Amorphous Sodo‐Niobate Film Competing with Crystalline Lithium Niobate Second‐Order Optical Response
Authors: Karam Lara , Adamietz Frédéric , Michau Dominique , Gonçalves Claudia , Kang Myungkoo , Sharma Rashi , Murugan Ganapathy Senthil , Cardinal Thierry , Fargin Evelyn , Rodriguez Vincent , Richardson Kathleen A. , Dussauze Marc
Published: May 2020

The design of active optical devices integrating second‐order nonlinear (SONL) optical responses typically relies on the use of dielectric crystalline materials such as lithium niobate (LN) or semiconductors such as GaAs. Despite high SONL susceptibilities, these materials present important geometry constrains inherent to their crystalline nature limiting the complexity of the designed photonic systems. Conversely, amorphous materials are versatile optical media compatible with broad platform designs possessing a wide range of optical properties attributable to their composition flexibility. Demonstrated here for the first time in an amorphous inorganic material, a magnitude of SONL optical susceptibility (χ(2) = 29 pm V−1 at 1.06 µm) comparable to that of LN single crystal is reported. By using a thermo‐electrical imprinting process, fine control of the induced uniaxial anisotropy is demonstrated at the micrometer scale. This work paves the way for the future design of integrated nonlinear photonic circuits based on amorphous inorganic materials enabled by the spatially selective and high SONL optical susceptibility of these promising and novel optical materials.
Nonlinear Optical Response in Natural van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Ke , Du Lin , Yi Jun , Huang Jing , Zhang Jinrui , He Yuan , Huang Bin , Miao Lili , Zhao Chujun , Wen Shuangchun
Published: May 2020

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) composed from individual 2D crystals offer a platform to obtain unprecedented functionalities that are not accessible in other heterostructures. The research to date has been largely limited to exfoliated and restacked flakes, and the controlled growth of such heterostructures remains a significant challenge. Here, an experimental study of the broadband nonlinear optical performance of a naturally occurring vdWH franckeite is presented, which is composed of alternating SnS2‐like and PbS‐like layers stacked on top of each other. Few‐layer franckeite is prepared via liquid‐phase exfoliation method and its broadband ultrafast third‐order nonlinear optical behavior is characterized experimentally. It is found that the layered franckeite exhibits broadband nonlinear optical response and the ultrafast carrier dynamics with the intraband carrier recovery time of ≈16 ps and the interband carrier recovery time of ≈300 ps. With the large optical nonlinearity of layered franckeite, the all‐optical modulator and switcher have been demonstrated based on the spatial phase modulation effect. The experimental results provide a fundamental understanding of the ultrafast nonlinear optical response in a complex naturally occurring vdWH, and may pave an avenue toward developing novel broadband optoelectronic devices.
Double Carbonylation Reactions: Overview and Recent Advances
Authors: Das Debarati , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: May 2020

The compounds like amides, carbamates, oxamates, oxamides, α‐keto amides, diketones, esters, ureas, etc. find extensive applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic synthesis. The classical syntheses of these compounds often involve cumbersome routes involving toxic chemicals. The carbonylation reactions such as aminocarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation, oxidative carbonylation and double carbonylation deliver as an efficient and attractive alternative to the conventional synthetic routes even at industrial scales. The catalytic single carbonylation reactions are extensively studied, however, catalytic double carbonylation reactions are not explored for several potential applications. This review covers literature on the use of different types of catalysts involving various metals like Pd, Cu, Fe, Co, Rh and Ni for double carbonylation reactions along with the chemistry of associated ligands. It also covers double carbonylation with different types of substrates with the discussion related to the mechanism of formation of mono‐ and di‐carbonylation products. The notable introduction of several CO‐surrogates and exploration of their efficiency have solved the problems related to the toxicity of CO. CO‐surrogates used for double carbonylation reactions are also discussed.

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Strategy to Enhance Dendritic Cell‐Mediated DNA Vaccination in the Lung
Authors: Kim Yoo C. , Hsueh Henry T. , Kim Namho , Rodriguez Jason , Leo Kirby T. , Rao Divya , West Natalie E. , Hanes Justin , Suk Jung Soo
Published: May 2020

Here, a new paradigm is introduced to promote pulmonary DNA vaccination. Specifically, it is demonstrated that nanoparticles designed to rapidly penetrate airway mucus (mucus‐penetrating particle or MPP) enhance the delivery of an inhaled model DNA vaccine (i.e., ovalbumin‐expressing plasmids) to pulmonary dendritic cells (DC), leading to robust and durable local and trans‐mucosal immunity. In contrast, mucus‐impermeable particles are poorly taken up by pulmonary DC following inhalation, despite their superior ability to mediate DC uptake in vitro compared to MPP. In addition to the enhanced immunity achieved in mucosal surfaces, inhaled MPP unexpectedly provides significantly greater systemic immune responses compared to gold‐standard approaches applied in the clinic for systemic vaccination, including intradermal injection and intramuscular electroporation. It is also shown here that inhaled MPP significantly enhances the survival of an orthotopic mouse model of aggressive lung cancer compared to the gold‐standard approaches. Importantly, it is discovered that MPP‐mediated pulmonary DNA vaccination induces memory T‐cell immunity, particularly the ready‐to‐act effector memory‐biased phenotype, both locally and systemically. The findings here underscore the importance of breaching the airway mucus barrier to facilitate DNA vaccine uptake by pulmonary DC and thus to initiate full‐blown immune responses.
Vertical‐Tunneling Field‐Effect Transistor Based on WSe2‐MoS2 Heterostructure with Ion Gel Dielectric
Authors: Jeon Hyun Bae , Shin Gwang Hyuk , Lee Khang June , Choi Sung‐Yool
Published: May 2020

A p‐type tunneling field‐effect transistor is demonstrated based on a van der Waals vertical heterostructure of WSe2 and MoS2, utilizing the ion gel dielectric as top gate. Band‐to‐band tunneling is achieved by modulating the band alignment of the heterojunction of WSe2 and MoS2 with gating the WSe2 channel through ion gel top gate. A fabricated tunneling field‐effect transistor shows a minimum subthreshold swing of 36 mV dec−1 and ON/OFF current ratio of 106 at room temperature. Furthermore, evidence of band‐to‐band tunneling is clearly confirmed through temperature dependent I–V characteristics. This work holds considerable promise for the low‐power computational devices based on integrated circuits.
High‐Voltage Oxygen‐Redox‐Based Cathode for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Konarov Aishuak , Kim Hee Jae , Jo Jae‐Hyeon , Voronina Natalia , Lee Yongseok , Bakenov Zhumabay , Kim Jongsoon , Myung Seung‐Taek
Published: May 2020

Recently, anionic‐redox‐based materials have shown promising electrochemical performance as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. However, one of the limiting factors in the development of oxygen‐redox‐based electrodes is their low operating voltage. In this study, the operating voltage of oxygen‐redox‐based electrodes is raised by incorporating nickel into P2‐type Na2/3[Zn0.3Mn0.7]O2 in such a way that the zinc is partially substituted by nickel. As designed, the resulting P2‐type Na2/3[(Ni0.5Zn0.5)0.3Mn0.7]O2 electrode exhibits an average operating voltage of 3.5 V and retains 95% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles in the voltage range of 2.3–4.6 V at 0.1C (26 mA g−1). Operando X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals the reversible phase transition: P2 to OP4 phase on charge and recovery to the P2 phase on discharge. Moreover, ex situ X‐ray absorption near edge structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal that the capacity is generated by the combination of Ni2+/Ni4+ and O2−/O1− redox pairs, which is supported by first‐principles calculations. It is thought that this kind of high voltage redox species combined with oxygen redox could be an interesting approach to further increase energy density of cathode materials for not only sodium‐based rechargeable batteries, but other alkali‐ion battery systems.
Soil chemical properties after 12 years of tillage and crop rotation
Authors: Mikha Maysoon M. , Hergert Gary W. , Qiao Xin , Maharjan Bijesh
Published: May 2020

Crop rotation in combination with tillage can improve productivity, enhance economical return, and reduce soil erosion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of moldboard plow (MP), strip tillage (ST), no‐tillage (NT), and crop rotations on: (1) crop yield; (2) soil chemical properties; and (3) particulate organic matter (POM). The study was initiated in 2007 at the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Panhandle Research and Extension Center near Scottsbluff, NE. Crops in rotation were corn (C; Zea mays L.) and dry bean (DB; Phaseolus vulgaris L.) organized in a 3‐yr rotation (C–DB–C) and a 4‐yr rotation with the addition of sugar beet (SB; Beta vulgaris L.) (C–DB–C–SB) such that each phase of the rotation was present each year. Soil samples collected from the surface 20 cm in the spring of 2019 were analyzed for POM and soil chemical properties. Crop yields were influenced by the previous crop, but not by tillage, except for sugar beet. The 2018 corn yield following dry bean exhibited the highest yield (15.6 Mg ha−1) compared with corn following corn or sugar beet. Soil chemical studied were not influenced by tillage or crop rotation. Corn in rotation enhanced soil organic matter (SOM) by 22% and soil organic carbon (SOC) by 28% in corn in the 3‐yr rotation compared with corn in the 4‐yr rotation. Surface soil POM was 32% higher with NT than MP and 17% higher in ST than MP. Alternative management strategies need to be implemented to maintain land sustainability in rotation with sugar beet and dry bean.
A mass and energy balance stage model for cyclic distillation
Authors: Rasmussen Jess Bjørn , Mansouri Seyed Soheil , Zhang Xiangping , Abildskov Jens , Huusom Jakob Kjøbsted
Published: May 2020

Cyclic distillation is an emerging process intensification technology, which can improve separation efficiency compared to conventional distillation. As most current models only account for the mass transfer, there is a lack of a stage model for cyclic distillation processes, which includes considerations of both mass and energy transfer. Such a model is presented in this article, and using this model, selected case studies, describing binary and multiple component systems with both ideal and nonideal liquid phases, are investigated. The presented stage model allows for the modeling of both mass and energy transfer for a cyclic distillation process and allows for multiple feed locations, as well as side draws. With the energy balances included, the dynamic vapor flow rate can be described. This was shown to have a significant effect on the separation, especially for cases where the change in the vapor flow over the column height was high.
Hodgkin lymphoma: A 2020 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Ansell Stephen M.
Published: May 2020

Disease overview

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B‐cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 8480 new patients annually and representing approximately 10% of all lymphomas in the United States.

Diagnosis

Hodgkin lymphoma is composed of two distinct disease entities: classical HL and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL. Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte‐rich HL are subgroups of classical HL.

Risk stratification

An accurate assessment of the stage of disease in patients with HL is critical for the selection of the appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify patients at low or high risk for recurrence, as well as the response to therapy as determined by positron emission tomography (PET) scan, are used to optimize therapy.

Risk‐adapted therapy

Initial therapy for HL patients is based on the histology of the disease, the anatomical stage and the presence of poor prognostic features. Patients with early stage disease are typically treated with combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy, followed by involved‐field radiation therapy. Patients with advanced stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy, often without radiation therapy. However, newer agents including brentuximab vedotin and anti‐PD‐1 antibodies are now being incorporated into frontline therapy.

Management of relapsed/refractory disease

High‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for most patients who relapse following initial therapy. For patients who fail HDCT with ASCT, brentuximab vedotin, PD‐1 blockade, non‐myeloablative allogeneic transplant or participation in a clinical trial should be considered.
Assessing recovery rate methods: A review and application for human skeletal assemblages
Authors: Palmiotto Andrea , LeGarde Carrie B. , Brown Carrie A.
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Recovery rates reflect the amount of recovered skeletal materials based on expectations about the total number of elements or individuals that should be present in an assemblage. It is an underlying concept that reflects analytical potential, wherein high recovery rates typically indicate high analytical capabilities. However, numerous methods are available to calculate different types of recovery rates, and each method addresses various types of research questions and utilizes different variables. Therefore, recovery rates cannot be applied and compared directly, and the appropriate recovery rate for any given research question must be considered thoughtfully.

Materials and Methods

Several methods of determining individual and element recovery rates are applied to the USS Oklahoma commingled human remains assemblage and discussed with regard to their utility.

Results

Depending on which method is used, recovery rates range from 91 to 102% for the recovery of individuals and 0.02 to 91% for the recovery of elements within this assemblage.

Discussion

These results emphasize the need to carefully consider which recovery rate is most appropriate based on associated research questions and project contexts. We introduce the idea of the analytical recovery rate, a flexible concept to determine the potential assessment of biological profile parameters once individuation of commingled remains has occurred, wherein elements are selected based on the needs of the project as well as element preservation.
Proton pump inhibitors act with unprecedented potencies as inhibitors of the acetylcholine biosynthesizing enzyme—A plausible missing link for their association with incidence of dementia
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Kumar Amit , Nordberg Agneta , Långström Bengt , Darreh‐Shori Taher
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Several pharmacoepidemiological studies indicate that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) significantly increase the risk of dementia. Yet, the underlying mechanism is not known. Here, we report the discovery of an unprecedented mode of action of PPIs that explains how PPIs may increase the risk of dementia.

Methods

Advanced in silico docking analyses and detailed enzymological assessments were performed on PPIs against the core‐cholinergic enzyme, choline‐acetyltransferase (ChAT), responsible for biosynthesis of acetylcholine (ACh).

Results

This report shows compelling evidence that PPIs act as inhibitors of ChAT, with high selectivity and unprecedented potencies that lie far below their in vivo plasma and brain concentrations.

Discussion

Given that accumulating evidence points at cholinergic dysfunction as a driving force of major dementia disorders, our findings mechanistically explain how prolonged use of PPIs may increase incidence of dementia. This call for restrictions for prolonged use of PPIs in elderly, and in patients with dementia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Understanding the Band Engineering in Mg2Si‐Based Systems from Wannier‐Orbital Analysis
Authors: Tan Xiaojian , Yin Yinong , Hu Haoyang , Xiao Yukun , Guo Zhe , Zhang Qiang , Wang Hongxiang , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Jiang Jun
Published: May 2020

The Mg2SiSnx solid solution is one of the most representative examples of band engineering, in which the thermoelectric performance is significantly improved by the conduction band convergence. The mechanism behind it is simply explained by the chemical differences between Si and Sn. Here a systematically theoretical study is reported based on Wannier function analysis. It is revealed that the band convergence in Mg2SiSnx is actually driven by the variation of lattice constant, since the heavy and light conduction valleys have different dependence on the bonding length. Alternatively, the band engineering can also be achieved by introducing cation dopants to tune the relative strength of the two chemical bonds directly. In MgSrxSi, a similar band convergence to Mg2SiSnx is predicted by the band structure calculations. This work provides an insightful understanding of the band convergence in Mg2Si‐based materials, and it enables a more efficient and plentiful design for experimental studies.
Accelerated and Robust Generation of W State by Parametric Amplification and Inverse Hamiltonian Engineering
Authors: Liu Shuai , Ran Du , Kang Yi‐Hao , Shi Zhi‐Cheng , Song Jie , Xia Yan
Published: May 2020

A scheme to realize the accelerated and robust generation of W state in a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system by combining parametric amplification (PA) with inverse Hamiltonian engineering (IHE) is proposed. The atom‐cavity coupling strength can be exponentially enhanced via parametrically squeezing the cavity mode, which facilitates the generation of W state. Moreover, the evolution of the system can be optimized with suppressing the populations of the intermediate states. Numerical simulations show that the scheme is fast and high‐fidelity, immune to systematic parameter deviations, robust against spontaneous emission of atoms, and decay of cavities. Therefore, this scheme may provide some useful applications in entanglement generation.
Online privacy concerns and privacy protection strategies among older adults in East York, Canada
Authors: Quan‐Haase Anabel , Ho Dennis
Published: May 2020

As news headlines report on high‐profile online privacy breaches and the potential negative consequences for users, users are becoming concerned about their privacy. While much research has focused on the concerns of younger generations, few studies have investigated older adults, specifically those aged 65+ years. This study analyzes in‐depth interviews with 40 older adults living in East York, Toronto, Canada, to investigate their online privacy concerns and the strategies they use to mitigate these concerns. We find that East York older adults are mostly concerned about security privacy concerns followed by institutional privacy concerns and only minimally concerned about social privacy. The greatest concerns included information misuse by unknown others and unauthorized access to their personal information. We found that, for some older adults, their high privacy concerns precluded them from taking full advantage of the potential benefits of digital media. East York older adults varied considerably in their use of privacy protection strategies; some older adults used no strategies, while others were eager to protect their privacy using all strategies at their disposal.
High‐throughput profiling reveals perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related genes in atherosclerosis induced by high‐cholesterol diet and the protective role of vitamin E
Authors: Bozaykut Perinur , Ekren Ruchan , Sezerman Osman Ugur , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Ozer Nesrin Kartal
Published: May 2020

Formation of atherosclerotic plaques, called atherogenesis, is a complex process affected by genetic and environmental factors. It was proposed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and that vitamin E affects atherosclerotic plaque formation via its antioxidant properties. Here, we investigated ER stress‐related molecular mechanisms in high‐cholesterol diet (HCD, 2%)‐induced atherosclerosis model and the role of vitamin E supplementation in it, beyond its antioxidant properties. The consequences of HCD and vitamin E supplementation were examined by determining protein levels of ER stress markers in aortic tissues. As vitamin E supplementation acts on several unfolded protein response (UPR) factors, it decreased ER stress induced by HCD. To elucidate the associated pathways, gene expression profiling was performed, revealing differentially expressed genes enriched in ER stress‐related pathways such as the proteasome and the apoptosis pathways. We further assessed the proteasomal activity impaired by HCD in the aorta and showed that vitamin E reversed it to that of control animals. Overall, the study characterized the effects of HCD and vitamin E on ER stress‐related gene expression, revealing the role of proteolytic systems during atherogenesis.
Transcription Factor ArcA is a Flux Sensor for the Oxygen Consumption Rate inEscherichia coli
Authors: Nochino Naoya , Toya Yoshihiro , Shimizu Hiroshi
Published: May 2020

Oxygen supply is one of the major factors determining the metabolic state in microorganisms, and it affects the productivity of various compounds during bioproduction. InEscherichia coli(E. coli), the expression levels of numerous metabolic genes are regulated by transcription factors in response to changes in environmental oxygen conditions. Even at a same dissolved oxygen concentration, the amount of available oxygen changes depending on the oxygen transfer coefficient. However, it is not known whetherE. coliis able to sense differences in the oxygen consumption rate. Therefore, the present study, is focused on the role of the transcription factor ArcA in the oxygen response ofE. coliand investigated the relationship between ArcA activity and the oxygen consumption rate. To evaluate the activity of ArcA, a sensor plasmid expressing fluorescent protein under the control of theicdpromoter, which is regulated by ArcA, is designed.E. colicontaining the sensor plasmid is grown in continuous cultures with different oxygen supplies under different dilution rates. Although there is no correlation between ArcA activity and dissolved oxygen concentration, a strong negative correlation between ArcA activity and the specific oxygen consumption rate (R2> 0.93) is observed.
Building responses to sustainable development challenges: A multistakeholder collaboration framework and application to climate change
Authors: Elia Gianluca , Margherita Alessandro , Petti Claudio
Published: May 2020

The affirmation of open innovation and collaborative systems is enabling unprecedented opportunities to create business value while facilitating multistakeholder conversation on sustainability issues. In particular, platform‐based models are emerging as organization archetypes able to facilitate cooperative dynamics among industrial actors, policy makers, academicians, scientists, and citizens. In this article, we use interdisciplinary business management and collaborative innovation literature to build the conceptual framework of a multisided platform as a collaboration environment gathering actors willing to define responses to sustainable development challenges. We present five dimensions or “genes,” that is, the focus and strategic intent or orientation of the platform (what), the participating sides, actors and groups (who), the actions, flows and coordination mechanisms (how), and the value drivers, benefits and externalities (why), and the rules regulating the affiliation and interaction processes (governance). We also present and discuss 30 subtopics or management items that are associated with the five dimensions defined. We then apply the conceptual model to analyze a case in the climate change endeavor and to show how competitive and cooperative dynamics can be virtuously integrated to provide individual‐ and company‐driven responses to a timely socioenvironmental issue. The article provides a new perspective on collaboration to enhance social development, and it offers theoretical and practitioner insights for a broad interdisciplinary audience including scholars, practitioners, business, and platform managers.
Organizational characteristics explaining participation in sustainable business models in the sharing economy: Evidence from the fashion industry using conjoint analysis
Authors: Cocquyt Astrid , Crucke Saskia , Slabbinck Hendrik
Published: May 2020

Environmental and social challenges require new sustainable business models, like sharing platforms. However, sharing platforms differ widely in their contribution to a more sustainable society. Whereas idealistic sharing platforms have dominant social goals, other sharing platforms are, or became, commercial. We explore the attractiveness of the typical organizational characteristics of idealistic sharing platforms in the fashion industry context, an industry with negative environmental and social impacts. Based on a literature review and exploratory focus groups, we conduct an online survey using conjoint analysis, completed by 1,512 respondents. Our results reveal that potential users prefer clothes sharing platforms to be small, to not partner with large clothing retailers, to have the possibility to participate in decision‐making, but to not require shareholding.
Characterization of the immune profile of oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas with advancing disease
Authors: Meehan Katie , Leslie Connull , Lucas Michaela , Jacques Angela , Mirzai Bob , Lim James , Bulsara Max , Khan Yasir , Wong Nicholas C. , Solomon Benjamin , Sader Chady , Friedland Peter , Mir Arnau Gisela , Semple Timothy , Lim Annette M.
Published: May 2020

We investigated whether a unique immune response was instigated with the development of oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC), with/without nodal involvement, with/without recurrent metastatic disease, or within tumor involved nodes. One hundred and ten formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples were collected from a retrospective cohort of 67 OTSCC patients and 10 non‐cancerous tongue samples. Targets including CD4, CD8, FOXP3, PD‐L1, and PD‐1 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The Nanostring PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel was used for gene expression profiling. Data were externally validated in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) head and neck (HNSCC), melanoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cohorts. A 24‐immune gene signature was identified that discriminated more aggressive OTSCC cases, and although not prognostic in HNSCC was associated with survival in other TCGA cohorts (improved survival for melanoma, P < .001 and worse survival for LSCC, P = .038). OTSCC exhibited concordant gene and immunohistochemical (IHC) features characterized by a TH‐2 biased, proinflammatory profile with upregulated B cell and neutrophil gene activity and increased CD4, FOXP3, and PD‐L1 expression (P < .001 for all by IHC). Compared to less advanced disease, nodal involvement and recurrent OTSCC did not induce a different immune response although recurrent disease was characterized by significantly higher PD‐L1 expression (P = .004 by SP263, P = .013 by 22C3, P = .004 for gene expression). Identification of a gene signature associated with different prognostic effects in other cancers highlights common pathways of immune dysregulation that are impacted by the tumor origin. The significant immunosuppressive signaling in OTSCC indicates primary failure of immune system to control carcinogenesis emphasizing the need for early, combination therapeutic approaches.
Amelogenesis imperfecta with Class III malocclusion, reduced crown size and decreased OVD: A multi‐disciplinary management and a 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Labidi Amel , Bekri Sana , Mabrouk Yosra , Ben Mustapha Jouda , Omezzine Monia , Ghoul‐Mazgar Sonia , Mansour Lamia
Published: May 2020

This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a 22‐year‐old‐man diagnosed with a variant of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. The treatment approach was multi‐disciplinary, and it included the surgical procedure of Lefort I osteotomy, surgical crown lengthening, and metal‐ceramic‐fixed dental prostheses. The patient was satisfied with the esthetic and functional outcome.
Protection of Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts by Encapsulation in a Self‐assembled Resorcinarene Capsule
Authors: Jongkind Lukas J. , Rahimi Maryam , Poole David , Ton Stephanie J. , Fogg Deryn E. , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: May 2020

Catalyst encapsulation is examined as a means of increasing the productivity of olefin metathesis catalysts. Commercially available, cationic ruthenium metathesis catalysts were incorporated into a supramolecular resorcin[4]arene capsule. Encapsulation increased catalyst stability in water‐saturated toluene, delivering higher metathesis yields than the parent, non‐encapsulated Hoveyda catalyst in the same reaction medium.
Testing the vibrational exciton and the local mode models on the instructive cases of dicarvone, dipinocarvone, and dimenthol vibrational circular dichroism spectra
Authors: Mazzeo Giuseppe , Santoro Ernesto , Abbate Sergio , Zonta Cristiano , Fabris Fabrizio , Longhi Giovanna
Published: May 2020

The vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of dicarvone (1), dipinocarvone (2), and dimenthol (3) have been recorded in the range 900–3200 cm−1, encompassing the mid‐infrared (mid‐IR), the CO stretching, and the CH‐stretching regions. For compound 3 also, the fundamental and the first overtone OH stretching regions have been investigated by IR/NIR absorption and VCD. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations allow one to interpret the IR and VCD spectra and to confirm the configuration/conformational studies previously conducted by X‐ray diffraction. The most intense VCD signals are associated with the vibrational normal modes involving symmetry‐related groups close to the CC bond connecting covalently the two molecular units. The vibrational exciton (VCDEC) model is fruitfully tested on the VCD data of compounds 1 and 2 for the spectroscopic regions at ~1700 cm−1, and the local mode model is tested on compound 3 at ~3500 and ~6500 cm−1. For compounds 1 and 2 also, ECD spectra are reported, and the exciton mechanism is tested also there, and connections to the VCDEC model are examined.
A mobile sink path planning for wireless sensor networks based on priority‐ordered dependent nonparametric trees
Authors: Yalçın Sercan , Erdem Ebubekir
Published: May 2020

The professional design of the routing protocols with mobile sink(s) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is important for many purposes such as maximizing energy efficiency, increasing network life, and evenly distributing load balance across the network. Moreover, mobile sinks ought to first collect data from nodes which have very important and dense data so that packet collision and loss can be prevented at an advanced level. For these purposes, the present paper proposes a new mobile path planning protocol by introducing priority‐ordered dependent nonparametric trees (PoDNTs) for WSNs. Unlike traditional clustered or swarm intelligence topology‐based routing methods, a topology which has hierarchical and dependent infinite tree structure provides a robust link connection between nodes, making it easier to reselect ancestor nodes (ANs). The proposed priority‐ordered infinite trees are sampled in the specific time frames by introducing new equations and hierarchically associated with their child nodes starting from the root node. Hence, the nodes with the highest priority and energy that belong to the constructed tree family are selected as ANs with an opportunistic approach. A mobile sink simply visits these ANs to acquire data from all nodes in the network and return to where it started. As a result, the route traveled is assigned as the mobile path for the current round. We have performed comprehensive performance analysis to illustrate the effectiveness of the present study using NS‐2 simulation environment. The present routing protocol has achieved better results than the other algorithms over various performance metrics.
Aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibition suppresses the growth of the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans
Authors: Dahal Gopal P. , Launder Dylan , McKeone Katherine M. M. , Hunter Joseph P. , Conti Heather R. , Viola Ronald E.
Published: May 2020

Potent inhibitors of an essential microbial enzyme have been shown to be effective growth inhibitors of Candida albicans, a pathogenic fungus. C. albicans is the main cause of oropharyngeal candidiasis, and also causes invasive fungal infections, including systemic sepsis, leading to serious complications in immunocompromised patients. As the rates of drug‐resistant fungal infections continue to rise novel antifungal treatments are desperately needed. The enzyme aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is critical for the functioning of the aspartate biosynthetic pathway in microbes and plants. Because the aspartate pathway is absent in humans, ASADH has the potential to be a promising new target for antifungal research. Deleting the asd gene encoding for ASADH significantly decreases the survival of C. albicans, establishing this enzyme as essential for this organism. Previously developed ASADH inhibitors were tested against several strains of C. albicans to measure their possible therapeutic impact. The more potent inhibitors show a good correlation between enzyme inhibitor potency and fungal growth inhibition. Growth curves generated by incubating different C. albicans strains with varying enzyme inhibitor levels show significant slowing of fungal growth by these inhibitors against each of these strains, similar to the effect observed with a clinical antifungal drug. The most effective inhibitors also demonstrated relatively low cytotoxicity against a human epithelial cell line. Taken together, these results establish that the ASADH enzyme is a promising new target for further development as a novel antifungal treatment against C. albicans and related fungal species.
Diversification and subspecies patterning of the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Iran
Authors: Fadakar Davoud , Bärmann Eva V. , Lerp Hannes , Mirzakhah Masoumeh , Naseri Nasari Maryam , Rezaei Hamid Reza
Published: May 2020

Goitered gazelles, Gazella subgutturosa, exist in arid and semiarid regions of Asia from the Middle to the Far East. Although large populations were present over a vast area until recently, a decline of the population as a result of hunting, poaching, and habitat loss led to the IUCN classification of G. subgutturosa as “vulnerable." We examined genetic diversity, structure, and phylogeny of G. subgutturosa using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences from 18 geographically distant populations in Iran. The median‐joining network of cyt b haplotypes indicated that three clades of goitered gazelles can be distinguished: a Middle Eastern clade west of the Zagros Mountains (and connected to populations in Turkey and Iraq), a Central Iranian clade (with connection to Azerbaijan), and an Asiatic clade in northeastern Iran (with connection to Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and other Asian countries as far as northeastern China and Mongolia). Based on our results, we argue that Iran is the center of diversification of goitered gazelles, due to the presence of large mountain ranges and deserts that lead to the separation of populations. In accordance with previous morphological studies, we identified the Asiatic clade as the subspecies G. s. yarkandensis, and the other two clades as the nominate form G. s. subgutturosa. The new genetic information for goitered gazelles in Iran provides the basis for future national conservation programs of this species.
Intraminority solidarity: The role of critical consciousness
Authors: Burson Esther , Godfrey Erin B.
Published: May 2020

A central question in the growing field of intraminority relations is how best to promote solidarity among marginalized groups. The current article reviews existing social psychological theories of intraminority relations, with a focus on barriers to, and facilitators of, intraminority solidarity. In particular, we explore the roles of competition and identity threats in eroding solidarity, and examine how similarity perceptions, a common identity of stigma, and structural and historical attributions generate solidarity. We then suggest that critical consciousness, a theory of sociopolitical development prominent in the developmental and community psychology literatures, can integrate disparate findings and extend our understanding of solidarity among marginalized groups. Borrowing from the critical consciousness literature, we outline new theoretical predictions for fostering intraminority solidarity. This exploration furthers existing theoretical work on intraminority solidarity and intergroup relations more broadly.
Daily listening to Mozart reduces seizures in individuals with epilepsy: A randomized control study
Authors: Rafiee Marjan , Patel Kramay , Groppe David M. , Andrade Danielle M. , Bercovici Eduard , Bui Esther , Carlen Peter L. , Reid Aylin , Tai Peter , Weaver Donald , Wennberg Richard , Valiante Taufik A.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders . Many individuals continue to have seizures despite medical and surgical treatments, suggesting adjunctive management strategies are required. Promising effects of daily listening to Mozart on reducing seizure frequency in individuals with epilepsy have been demonstrated over the last 20 years, but not in a rigorously controlled manner. In this study, we compared the effect on seizure frequency of daily listening to either Mozart K.448 or a spectrally similar, yet non‐rhythmic control piece. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in seizure counts when participants listened to Mozart K.448 vs when they listened to the control piece.

Methods

We employed a randomized crossover design, in which each participant was exposed to both three months of daily listening to the first six minutes of Sonata for two pianos in D major by Mozart (Mozart K.448; treatment period) and three months of daily listening to phase‐scrambled version (control period). There was a three‐month baseline and a three‐month follow‐up period before and after the six‐month listening period, respectively. Change in seizure counts obtained from the seizure diaries was considered as the main study outcome.

Results

Using three methodologies to investigate the existence of the treatment effect (paired t test, estimation statistics and plots, and Cohen's d), our results revealed a reduction in seizure counts during the treatment period, which was not observed for the control period (P‐value < .001).

Significance

Using a spectrally similar control piece, our study advances previous reports that were limited by a “no music” control condition. Daily listening to Mozart K.448 was associated with reducing seizure frequency in adult individuals with epilepsy. These results suggest that daily Mozart listening may be considered as an adjunctive therapeutic option to reduce seizure burden in individuals with epilepsy.
Lithological, physical and chemical attributes of primary volcanic ash of YTT, Purna alluvial basin, Central India
Authors: Srivastava Ashok K. , Singh Ajab
Published: May 2020

Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) ash preserved at two different localities in the Quaternary sediments of Purna alluvial basin have been categorised as of the primary nature on the basis of for their lithological, physical and geochemical characteristics. These ash are light grey, massive to faintly laminated and occur as discontinuous beds of 15–20 cm thickness, extending laterally for 70–100 m that are hosted in yellowish‐brown, laminated silty‐clay lithounits. It consists of high‐quantity vitric grains represented by bubble wall, blocky and pumice shards in decreasing order of percentage, light and heavy minerals and fine‐grained unidentifiable admixture. Major oxides data through EPMA of glass shards show rhyolitic composition being rich in SiO2, K2O and Na2O percentage, whereas ICP‐MS data exhibit enriched LREE, depleted HREE and negative Eu anomaly. Pre‐tephra successions at both the localities show preservations of various biogenic and non‐biogenic structures having control of specific environmental conditions on their formation, that is, pedogenic calcretes, rhizolith balls and insect agriculture activities in the form of calcretised bodies.
Intention to undergo dementia screening in primary care settings among community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Aihara Yoko , Maeda Kiyoshi
Published: May 2020

To improve the quality of care for people with dementia, several local governments in Japan have implemented a subsidized system for screening of dementia. This cross‐sectional study aimed to identify factors that promote public intention to undergo dementia screening. A postal survey was conducted in a residential area that lies across the two cities which started a subsidized system for dementia screening. Semi‐structured questionnaires were distributed to community‐dwelling people aged ≥65 years; a total of 2269 persons were included in the analysis. χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with the willingness to undergo dementia screening. Among the people with dementia, only 28% had undergone a screening test for dementia. The participants who were certified of public long‐term care need tended to undergo dementia screening. Approximately 67% of the participants were willing to undergo a dementia diagnosis test. Younger age, female sex, perceived poor health status, having a primary care physician, and independent daily activity level were associated with a greater willingness to undergo dementia screening using a subsidized system. Our study showed that majority of people with possible dementia do not undergo dementia screening. However, majority of people were willing to use a subsidized system for dementia screening. Further studies are required to support the benefits of a subsidized dementia screening in primary care settings. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:‐, 2020.
Association between executive function and the evolution of behavioral disorders in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Padovan Catherine , Boublay Nawèle , Pongan Elodie , Laurent Bernard , Trombert‐Paviot Béatrice , Krolak‐Salmon Pierre , Dorey Jean‐Michel
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study was aimed at evaluating the association between cognitive functioning and the occurrence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods/Design

The population is derived from the PACO cohort, including 237 patients with prodromal or mild AD. A neuropsychological tests battery exploring verbal and visual memory, language, attention, and executive functions was performed at baseline. BPSD were assessed at 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month follow‐up with neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI).

Results

Lower baseline performance on Stroop test interference score was associated with higher subsequent overall NPI scores (P = .006), subscores of anxiety/depression (P = .03), and apathy inventory (P = .01). Conversely, other executive functions, verbal or visual memory, and language performances were not associated with a higher risk of BPSD.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that poorer inhibition performance would be associated with a higher risk of 18‐month BPSD occurrence, including anxiety, depression, and apathy. A better knowledge of the predictive factors of the BPSDs would make it possible to better identify the patients at risk, to propose preventive strategies and an earlier adapted care. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:‐, 2020.
Rare lymphomas in routine practice—Treatment and outcome in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia in the prospective German Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms
Authors: Knauf Wolfgang , Abenhardt Wolfgang , Slawik Hans Rainer , Bückner Ute , Otremba Burkhard , Sauer Annette , Zahn Mark‐Oliver , Wetzel Natalie , Kaiser‐Osterhues Anja , Houet Leonora , Marschner Norbert ,   the TLN‐Group (Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms)
Published: May 2020

Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a rare indolent B‐cell lymphoma for which only little prospective phase III evidence exists. Thus, real world data are important to provide insight into treatment and survival. We present here data on choice and outcome of systemic treatment of patients with WM treated in German routine practice. In total, 139 patients with WM who had been documented in the prospective clinical cohort study Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms (NCT00889798) were included into this analysis. We analysed the most frequently used first‐line and second‐line treatments between 2009 and 2017 and examined best response, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Bendamustine plus rituximab, with a median of six cycles, was by far the most frequently used first‐line treatment (81%). Second‐line treatment was more heterogenous and mainly based on bendamustine, cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone (CHOP), fludarabine or ibrutinib, the latter approved in 2014. Three‐year PFS from start of first‐line treatment was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74%‐88%), 3‐year OS was 87% (95% CI 80%‐92%). These prospective data give valuable insights into the management and outcome of non‐selected patients with WM treated in German routine practice. In the lack of prospective phase III clinical trials, real world data can help bridging the gap of evidence.