bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual Manufacturing of Cranial Prosthesis by Reverse Engineering and Multipoint Forming
Authors: Paunoiu Viorel , Teodor Virgil , Fetecau Catalin
Published: November 2015

The applications areas of the multipoint forming technology are very large, due to its flexibility, one of them being medicine, with the field of cranioplasty. For reconstruction of a skull part, a deformed sheet metal part made from titanium alloy could be used. The paper investigates virtual steps in obtaining the sheet metal part for this scope. First the part skull is measured and using reverse engineering is recreated. Then using an original algorithm and a program, the geometry of the mutipoint die is obtained. A FEM analysis is made for the study of the titanium sheet metal behaviour in multipoint forming. The virtual part quality is evaluated in terms of springback and stresses state variation. The results are important for the real implementation of this technology in manufacturing cranial prostheses.
Optimization of a Constructional Form of Technical Objects Using Advanced Engineering Environment
Authors: Gwiazda Aleksander
Published: November 2015

Development of advanced engineering environment software allows changing the design process of complex technical means. This situation correlates with the increasing process of new product elaboration what results from the dynamically changing demand on a new market offer. It is important to elaborate the methodology of a designing process that improves and enriches the design process in an advanced engineering design. One of the most serious challenges is to elaborate the optimization methodology for the designing process of complex technical means. It should include both the requirements resulting from different social aspects of a technical mean existence and from different phases of its life cycle. The paper presents the integrative approach to the design process. It includes different types of design requirements integrating them in a design process. It allows obtaining optimized constructional solution. The method is illustrated using such advanced engineering environment like Siemens NX 8.5 software. It is also proposed the conception of object analysis that adding the design process.
A Novel Hybrid Design Representation for Automatic Design Features Recognition Systems
Authors: Grabowik Cezary , Zbiciak Rafał
Published: November 2015

Problems of design similarity identification and elements grouping play a key factor in the development of design standardization and the group technology methods. Design similarity identification methods are most often based on a comparison of codes ascribed to products design. Basically the code makes a quantitative product description including different product features. Whereas a qualitative description has constituted rather supplement of a quantitative description. The most important issue in a process of design similarity identification is a method of a product design description. This description is usually made with use of special codes composed of alphanumeric characters. The coding process allows reducing the number of data which are being processed during design similarity evaluation, but on the other hand in some cases it could cause information loss. Taking into account above there is still a need of working out of a new method of a product design description which will be able to reduce these negative features of coding techniques. In the paper a novel approach for a product design description is presented. It is proposed to apply a hybrid method for a design representation purpose. This method uses a combination of code chains for a product longitudinal cross-section representation and a spatial matrix for transvers sections. As a result of the conducted research a new method of a product design description was worked out. This method is especially suggested for application in automatic design feature recognition systems (AFR systems) in which a design feature database (DFD) is present.
Structural Analysis of Centrifugal Fan Impeller Using CATIA Software
Authors: Zahariea Dănuţ
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the finite element analysis for stress/deformation/modes of vibration for the centrifugal fan impeller with constant thickness backward-curved blades using CATIA software will be presented. The principal steps of the finite element analysis procedure using CATIA/Generative Structural Analysis environment will be presented: creating the 3D model; configuring the mesh; applying the restraints; applying the loads; running the numerical static analysis and the numerical frequency analysis; interpreting the results and observing the modes of vibration correlating with the impeller mode shape. This procedure will be used for 4 different centrifugal fan impellers according with the 4 blade design methods and the results will be comparatively analyzed. For each design method, two materials will be used: steel with density of 7860 kg/m3 and aluminium with density of 2710 kg/m3. Two important results have been obtained after the structural analysis: under the working conditions considered for the analysis, all 4 blade design methods leads to impellers with very good mechanical behaviour; any frequency of the main modes of vibrations for all blade design methods and for both materials is not in phase with the impeller speed, thus the possibility of resonance being eliminated.
Functional Design Methodology Based on Knowledge Databases Achievements
Authors: Dijmărescu Manuela Roxana , Iliescu Dragoș , Gheorghe Marian
Published: November 2015

Various architectures exposing certain phases of the design process have been developed. A closer analysis of the presented timelines is leading more to postpone the design solution rather than advancing it in the early phases. This paper advances a new architecture for the design process with the main emphasize on the product functional design, based on functional-constructive knowledge stored in databases, and on the principle of selecting design solutions in an incipient phase and developing them during the further design process stages.
Particularities of Plane Surface Lapping
Authors: Deaconescu Andrea , Deaconescu Tudor
Published: November 2015

Modelling of the lapping process proves a complex undertaking because of the different forms of the abrasive particles in the working area, the wide dispersion of their dimensions, the modifications of their shape and dimensions during processing. The paper proposes the spherical model of the abrasive grain, based on the known fact that a good quality of the processed surfaces requires compact grains, with a dimensional ratio as close as possible to 1:1:1. Based on the adopted model the distribution of tensions at the grain-workpiece contact is determined, as well as the penetration depths of the abrasive grains into the workpiece and the transfer object, respectively. For this certain initial conditions are necessary, like Hertzian contact between the abrasive grain and the processed surface and the neglecting of strain hardening. Taking into consideration the known fact that only the large abrasive grains participate in the actual cutting process while the rest remain suspended in the gap between workpiece and tool, as well as their dimensional distribution and concentration in the lapping slurry, the volume of abrasive material required for processing was determined by statistical methods.
Examination of a Cargo Space of a Freight Wagon Modified with Composite Panels
Authors: Buchacz Andrzej , Baier Andrzej , Herbuś Krzysztof , Majzner Michał , Ociepka Piotr
Published: November 2015

This article presents the method of solving the problem considered with the too fast wearing of a steel sheet paneling of a freight wagon body. The method, described in the work, bases on the use of additional components, which are made of composite materials. The proposed solution is based on the appropriate lining of the inside of a wagon body with composite panels. In order to verify the placing and fixing of composite panels to wagon walls, as well as to verify the behavior of joined composite panels in the given conditions of a wagon work it was used a computer analysis basing on the finite element method. Because of the scale of the analyzed problem it was also created a virtual model of the research stand, which allows experimentally verifying phenomena occurring between the joined composite panels mounted on walls of a freight wagon that is made in a natural size. Carried out researches allowed determining the method of arrangement the composite panels in the inside space of a freight wagon body. It was also determined the method of panels joining and the method of their fixing to the steel paneling of a wagon body. It was also determined the procedure of transferring the results of the experimental analysis of the wagon walls, made in a natural size, on a real object using the matching of a virtual model.
Application of Computional Fluid Dynamics for Study of the Occurrence of Aerodynamic Effect for its Application in the Construction of Electric Race Car
Authors: Grabowski Łukasz , Baier Andrzej , Buchacz Andrzej , Majzner Michał , Sobek Michał
Published: November 2015

In this article the issues related to Computional Fluid Dynamics of the occurrence of innovative aerodynamic effect were presented. Analysis were performed to determine the occurrence of Kammback aerodynamic effect and its application in a shape of a body of the real racing car in order to minimize drag forces of the vehicle. For the analysis, ideal aerodynamic shapes were modeled, subsequently they were subjected to modifications which were used to determine the occurrence of effect. The basic modeled shape was the raindrop shape solid, which is generally regarded as the ideal shape in terms of aerodynamics. The result of analysis was compared with the drag values known from the literature. Afterwards changes in the shape of the base solid were made to verify and determine the optimum Kammback shape, selected from a set of possible solutions, in which the geometrical changes has the lowest difference of values of drag force and drag coefficientCx(Cd)in comparison to the basic raindrop shape. Results of the study were subjected to graphic analysis, especially the distribution of air pressure on the surface of a solid and in a virtual wind tunnel, distribution of the air velocity and the course of air streams around the shape. The results were used to design the body of electric race car. The main objective was to minimize the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle.
The Simulative Analysis of the Fluid Parameters in Zone of Apparition of the Hydraulic Jump in the Penstock Placed on the Open Channels
Authors: Nedelcu Dragoş Iulian , Florescu Iulian , Puiu Petru Gabriel
Published: November 2015

The paper proposes to realize a simulative analysis following the theoretical notions regarding the hydraulic jump, at flow of fluids through open channels, when open a plane penstock, which is located in a trapezoidal channel. A penstock is formed from a plan panel with upright movement in supports, with the possibility of adjustment a fluid flow by means of a handling device.
Study of a Specimen with Stress Concentrators in Multiaxial Tests
Authors: Comanici Ana Maria , Goanta Viorel , Barsanescu Paul Doru , Andrusca Liviu
Published: November 2015

Experimental investigation methods and techniques are used to obtain accurate information on the tension and deformation of materials. Results underlying the limit stress state that aply to materials at this moment come from experiments on plain specimens and specimens showing stress concentrations. The study of stress concentrations is necessary to determine how it influences the limit stress state, distribution of stresses and yielding section. The article presents a series of specimens with stress concentrations and finite element analysis for thorough research.
Design Aspects of a New Device for Ankle Rehabilitation
Authors: Racu Cazacu Cristina Magda , Doroftei Ioan
Published: November 2015

The ankle joint injuries are very common and their recuperation to fully operational capabilities involves rehabilitation. The existent ankle rehabilitation equipment is simple (like elastic bands, foam rollers) and they allow only simple rehabilitation exercises, which cannot be use safe without the aid of a therapist [1]. Actuated devices are advantageous because they allow many types of exercises on same device, and also they accurate measure forces and angular motions. Thus, the field of rehabilitation robotics is constantly evolving, with novel mechanisms that improve the recovery of the ankle joint. The aim of this paper is to propose a new platform, which can realize a large range of ankle related foot movements. This device can perform plantar flexion/dorsiflexion movements as well as the inversion/eversion movements. A 3D design is presented, as well as input angle variation function of output angle.
Study of the Uncut Chip in 5 Axes Ball Nose End Milling for the Fourth Quadrant of the Tool Inclination
Authors: Cosma Marius
Published: November 2015

The ball nose end milling process, which use a ball nose cutter, is very complex and, generates a pronounced area variation of the cross section in the uncut chip. In this sense, the current paper looks into and assesses some aspects regarding the geometric simulation of the chip generating mechanism in 5 axes ball nose end milling. The influence of tool inclination, however, was not considered in the machining strategy, starting with the tool path program in CAM software, which allows the management of various ways of tool path generation, but cannot decide which one is the best. The present study advances, with minimal approximation, a geometrical method to establish the volume of the uncut chip and area variation of the cross section, obtained in 3D-CAD by four surfaces intersection [1]. Both rotations in 5 axes are considered for the tool and degree range is 0 to 30 for rotary axis A and 0 to-30 for rotary axis B (A+B-in fourth geometrical quadrant).
Research Regarding Pressure Compensated Flow Control Valves
Authors: Tiţa Irina , Mardare Irina
Published: November 2015

In fluid power systems, flow control may be done either with variable displacement pump or using variable orifice. In this paper is considered the second method for flow control. In a hydraulic system, working pressure is frequently variable and therefore the use of the method does not provide constant flow rates in all operating conditions. In order to keep a constant flow, if this is important in a certain case, the flow control must be accomplished using a pressure compensated flow control valve. In this paper are analyzed possible structural diagrams, mathematical model, block diagram and functional diagram for this kind of equipment. The influence of the spring compression is analyzed also. The diagrams proposed in the paper will be used for the study of a hydraulic system designated for applications with strict flow control. It will represent an important research instrument for such cases.
Acid Sphingomyelinase–Derived Ceramide Regulates ICAM-1 Function during T Cell Transmigration across Brain Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lopes Pinheiro Melissa A. , Kroon Jeffrey , Hoogenboezem Mark , Geerts Dirk , van het Hof Bert , van der Pol Susanne M. A. , van Buul Jaap D. , de Vries Helga E.
Published: November 2015

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of the CNS characterized by immune cell infiltration across the brain vasculature into the brain, a process not yet fully understood. We previously demonstrated that the sphingolipid metabolism is altered in MS lesions. In particular, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a critical enzyme in the production of the bioactive lipid ceramide, is involved in the pathogenesis of MS; however, its role in the brain vasculature remains unknown. Transmigration of T lymphocytes is highly dependent on adhesion molecules in the vasculature such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In this article, we hypothesize that ASM controls T cell migration by regulating ICAM-1 function. To study the role of endothelial ASM in transmigration, we generated brain endothelial cells lacking ASM activity using a lentiviral shRNA approach. Interestingly, although ICAM-1 expression was increased in cells lacking ASM activity, we measured a significant decrease in T lymphocyte adhesion and consequently transmigration both in static and under flow conditions. As an underlying mechanism, we revealed that upon lack of endothelial ASM activity, the phosphorylation of ezrin was perturbed as well as the interaction between filamin and ICAM-1 upon ICAM-1 clustering. Functionally this resulted in reduced microvilli formation and impaired transendothelial migration of T cells. In conclusion, in this article, we show that ASM coordinates ICAM-1 function in brain endothelial cells by regulating its interaction with filamin and phosphorylation of ezrin. The understanding of these underlying mechanisms of T lymphocyte transmigration is of great value to develop new strategies against MS lesion formation.
IL-21 Is Important for Induction of KLRG1+ Effector CD8 T Cells during Acute Intracellular Infection
Authors: Moretto Magali M. , Khan Imtiaz A.
Published: November 2015

Microsporidia, a latent opportunistic infection associated with mild inflammation, is characterized by a strong CD8 T cell response, which has been shown to be CD4 T cell dependent. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that CD4 help is provided via IL-21 production, a common γ-chain cytokine closely related to IL-2. The peak of IL-21 expression, observed during the acute infection, is associated with an elevated IL-21+ CD4 T subset, and these cells bear a phenotypic resemblance to T follicular helper cells. We observed that, during per-oral microsporidial infection, IL-21 was critical for the generation of an optimal effector CD8 T cell immunity. Sharply decreased effector KLRG1+ CD8 response was observed in IL-21R knockout mice, and although these cells exhibited reduced functional properties, they retained the ability to proliferate. The role of IL-21 in the generation of CD8 effectors was cell intrinsic, as stronger defects were observed in the IL-21–deficient compartment from the bone marrow chimeric mice (IL-21R knockout/wild-type). These findings are different from those reported for viral infections in which IL-21 has been primarily associated with the generation and maintenance of CD8 memory response. To the best of our knowledge, this report demonstrates a critical role for IL-21 in the generation of a primary effector CD8 T cell response to an infectious disease model.
BCB-Based Dry Film low k Permanent Polymer with sub 4-μm Vias for Advanced WLP and FO-WLP Applications
Authors: Toepper Michael , Braun Tanja , Gernhardt Robert , Wilke Martin , Mackowiak Piotr , Lang Klaus-Dieter , O'Connor Corey , Barr Robert , Aoude Tina , Calvert Jeffrey , Gallagher Michael , Kim Jong-Uk , Politis Andrew , Iagodkine Ellisei
Published: November 2015

There is a strong demand to increase the routing density of the RDL to match the requirements for future microelectronic systems which are mainly miniaturization and performance. Photo-resists for structuring the metallization or acting as a mold for electroplating are common for very fine lines and spaces due to the developments in the front-end processing. For example chemical amplified Photo-resists are now moving in the back-end and wafer level packaging process. The results are mainly governed by the performance of the equipment i.e. the photo-tool. This is different for the permanent dielectric polymer material. The major difference in photo-resists and dielectric photo-polymer are the different functions of the material systems. Photo-resists are only temporary masks for subsequent process steps like etching and plating. This is different for the photo-polymers which are a permanent part of the future systems.

In this paper a new technology is discussed which uses a laser scanning ablation process and BCB-Based Dry Film low k Permanent Polymer. Laser ablation of polymers is in principle not a new technology. Low speed and high cost was the major barrier. But the combination of a scanning technology together with quartz masks has opened this technology to overcome the limitation of the current photo-polymer process. The new technology is described in detail and the results of structuring BCB-Based Films down to less than 4 μm via diameter in a 15 μm thick film has been shown. The via side wall can be controlled by the fluence of the laser pulse. Test structures have been designed and fabricated to demonstrate the excellent electrical resistivity of the vias using a two-layer metallization process.
Detection of Persistent Chikungunya Virus RNA but not Infectious Virus in Experimental Vertical Transmission in Aedes aegypti from Malaysia
Authors: Wong Hui Vern , Vythilingam Indra , Sulaiman Wan Yusof Wan , Lulla Aleksei , Merits Andres , Chan Yoke Fun , Sam I-Ching
Published: November 2015

Vertical transmission may contribute to the maintenance of arthropod-borne viruses, but its existence in chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is unclear. Experimental vertical transmission of infectious clones of CHIKV in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Malaysia was investigated. Eggs and adult progeny from the second gonotrophic cycles of infected parental mosquitoes were tested. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 56.3% of pooled eggs and 10% of adult progeny had detectable CHIKV RNA, but no samples had detectable infectious virus by plaque assay. Transfected CHIKV RNA from PCR-positive eggs did not yield infectious virus in BHK-21 cells. Thus, vertical transmission of viable CHIKV was not demonstrated. Noninfectious CHIKV RNA persists in eggs and progeny of infected Ae. aegypti, but the mechanism and significance are unknown. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that vertical transmission exists in CHIKV, as positive results reported in previous studies were almost exclusively based only on viral RNA detection.
Postmortem Diagnosis of Dengue as an Epidemiological Surveillance Tool
Authors: Cavalcanti Luciano Pamplona de Góes , Braga Deborah Nunes de Melo , da Silva Lívia Maria Alexandre , Aguiar Marina Gondim , Castiglioni Mariana , Silva-Junior José Udevanier , Araújo Fernanda Montenegro de Carvalho , Pereira Renata Allana da Costa , Malta Danielle Lima , Pompeu Margarida Maria de Lima
Published: November 2015

Dengue remains a problem in Brazil, and a substantial number of cases that progress to death are not diagnosed by health services. We evaluated the impact of a protocol adopted by the Coroner's Office Rocha Furtado (CO-RF) for the detection of unreported deaths from dengue in Brazil. We evaluated prospectively cases of deaths referred to the CO-RF with suspicion of dengue and those referred with other diagnosis in which the pathologists suspected dengue as the cause of death. Biological material was collected from all bodies autopsied, for which the suspected cause of death was dengue, between January 2011 and December 2012. Of the 214 bodies autopsied, 134 (62.6%) tested positive for dengue; of these cases, 121 were classified as dengue according to the World Health Organization's case definition (1997 or 2009, as appropriate). Thus, CO-RF detected 90 deaths from dengue, which were not suspected during disease progression. This CO-RF protocol, through a combined effort of the surveillance and laboratory teams, increased the detection of fatal dengue cases by 5-fold. This is the largest series of autopsies performed in cases of death related to dengue in the world to date.
Prevalence and Distribution of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania Parasites from French Guiana
Authors: Ginouvès Marine , Simon Stéphane , Bourreau Eliane , Lacoste Vincent , Ronet Catherine , Couppié Pierre , Nacher Mathieu , Demar Magalie , Prévot Ghislaine
Published: November 2015

In South America, the presence of the Leishmania RNA virus type 1 (LRV1) was described in Leishmania guyanensis and Leishmania braziliensis strains. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence distribution of LRV1 in Leishmania isolates in French Guiana given that, in this French overseas department, most Leishmania infections are due to these parasite species. The presence of the virus was observed in 74% of Leishmania spp. isolates, with a highest presence in the internal areas of the country.
Infant and Young Child Feces Management and Enabling Products for Their Hygienic Collection, Transport, and Disposal in Cambodia
Authors: Miller-Petrie Molly K. , Voigt Lindsay , McLennan Lyn , Cairncross Sandy , Jenkins Marion W.
Published: November 2015

In Cambodia, children's feces are rarely disposed of in an improved sanitation facility. This study examines current practices and the role that enabling products may play in increasing hygienic management of infant and young child (IYC) feces in households with access to improved sanitation. A survey was conducted with the primary caregiver of a child under 5 years of age in 130 homes with an improved latrine in 21 villages across two provinces in Cambodia. Two focus group discussions per province were conducted after the survey to obtain caregiver feedback on new enabling products for hygienic management. Among caregivers, 63% reported child feces disposal in an improved latrine but only 36% reported doing so consistently. Besides child age, years of latrine ownership, caregiver age, consistency of adult latrine use, and presence of child feces management tools in the latrine were associated with hygienic disposal. The youngest caretakers with the newest latrines and youngest children were least likely to dispose of IYC feces hygienically, representing a key target group for interventions to improve hygienic disposal in Cambodia. Reusable diapers, child-friendly potties, and possibly latrine seats, that offer child safety, time and cost savings, and easy disposal and cleaning could potentially facilitate hygienic disposal for these ages.
Aerial Photogrammetry by drone in archaeological sites with large structures. Methodological approach and practical application in the medieval castles of Campo de Montiel
Authors: Ruiz Sabina Juan Ángel , Gallego Valle David , Peña Ruiz Cristina , Molero García Jesús Manuel , Gómez Laguna Antonio
Published: November 2015

By writing this article we aim to illustrate the interesting combination of two existing techniques, accessible both for research groups and for professionals who want to study archaeological heritage: photogrammetry and aerial photography using a drone. We have applied these techniques to archaeological sites with standing structures, such as medieval castles in “Campo de Montiel” (Ciudad Real). Based on our expertise and experience, we have developed methodology for surface archaeological research, excavation and wall stratigraphy, thus identifying positive and negative aspects of this ethodology. The results obtained are truly positive, as we generated high-quality images offering news opportunities to investigate and show results, saving a considerable amount of time and money compared to traditional methods for graphical documentation.
Processing panoramic images in heritage. Jaen Cathedral
Authors: Soria Gregorio , Ortega Lidia , Feito Francisco R. , Barroso Inmaculada
Published: November 2015

A spherical photo is an image that it can show a scene and the user can interact with its. We are working in the Jaén’s cathedral. We are giving the possibility of a virtual visit with good results in many points at this place. We labored with a camera called Lady Bug 2. It can take spherical photo very easy. We used some web tools where we share all ours work.
Interoperability of photogrammetry in 3D modeling: documentation, research and dissemination in the archaeological site of Jamila
Authors: Moya-Maleno Pedro R. , Tormejón Valdelomar Juan , Vacas Madrid David , Losa Sánchez Rocío
Published: November 2015

This paper intends to be a sample, both theoretical and practical, of a protocol for the use of photogrammetric resources when generating a three-dimensional archaeological model. The use of said resources allows to cheaply compile, systematise, use and share the generated data –photogrammetric and 3D- in order to both work with hypothesis and share the knowledge –via online repositories with an academic public or with a wider audience using didactics and other means of spreading History and Archaeology–. As an example, the article analyses the possibilities and problems detected when applying said protocol at the site of the Columnated Building of Jamila (Villanueva de los Infantes, Ciudad Real, Spain). This archaeological site is ideal to put said protocol into practice, as one of its team’s aims is the public spreading of Archaeology of the site. Furthermore, it lacks information from its first archaeological seasons and a complex historical and archaeological interpretation, being a place with several reoccupations, some of them with unique typologies.
Isotopic signatures of production and uptake of H2 by soil
Authors: Chen Q. , Popa M. E. , Batenburg A. M. , Röckmann T.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the second most abundant reduced trace gas (after methane) in the atmosphere, but its biogeochemical cycle is not well understood. Our study focuses on the soil production and uptake of H2 and the associated isotope effects. Air samples from a grass field and a forest site in the Netherlands were collected using soil chambers. The results show that uptake and emission of H2 occurred simultaneously at all sampling sites, with strongest emission at the grassland sites where clover (N2 fixing legume) was present. The H2 mole fraction and deuterium content were measured in the laboratory to determine the isotopic fractionation factor during H2 soil uptake (αsoil) and the isotopic signature of H2 that is simultaneously emitted from the soil (δDsoil). By considering all net-uptake experiments, an overall fractionation factor for deposition of αsoil = kHD / kHH = 0.945 ± 0.004 (95 % CI) was obtained. The difference in mean αsoil between the forest soil 0.937 ± 0.008 and the grassland 0.951 ± 0.026 is not statistically significant. For two experiments, the removal of soil cover increased the deposition velocity (vd) and αsoil simultaneously, but a general positive correlation between vd and αsoil was not found in this study. When the data are evaluated with a model of simultaneous production and uptake, the isotopic composition of H2 that is emitted at the grassland site is calculated as δDsoil = (−530 ± 40) ‰. This is less deuterium depleted than what is expected from isotope equilibrium between H2O and H2.
Development of the very long-range cosmic-ray muon radiographic imaging technique to explore the internal structure of an erupting volcano, Shinmoe-dake, Japan
Authors: Kusagaya T. , Tanaka H. K. M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Muography offers us a tool to observe hazardous erupting volcanoes remotely. However, practical muographic observations of volcanoes from a distance are difficult; therefore, various observations have been performed in the vicinity (< 1.5 km) of volcano peaks to suppress background noise and enhance images. In this study, we created a muographic image directly beneath the caldera floor of the erupting Shinmoe-dake volcano in Japan by locating our muography telescope 5 km from the peak. The Shinmoe-dake volcano began to erupt on 19 January 2011 and, in less than 1 month, the ejected lava almost completely filled the caldera and completely changed the topography of the caldera floor. The resultant image shows a low-density region underneath the western part of the newly created caldera floor, which indicates the existence of a void there. After the volcano became less active in February 2011, infrequent eruptions might have left a void beneath the caldera floor, which may trigger a collapse in the future. We anticipate that our novel muography will be a practical tool for monitoring and predicting eruption sequences in the near future.
Technical Note: Three-dimensional transient groundwater flow due to localized recharge with an arbitrary transient rate in unconfined aquifers
Authors: Chang C.-H. , Huang C.-S. , Yeh H.-D.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Most previous solutions for groundwater flow induced by localized recharge assumed either aquifer incompressibility or two-dimensional flow in the absence of the vertical flow. This paper develops a new three-dimensional flow model for hydraulic head variation due to localized recharge in a rectangular unconfined aquifer with four boundaries under the Robin condition. A governing equation for describing the head distribution is employed. The first-order free surface equation with a source term defining a constant recharge rate over a rectangular area is used to depict water table movement. The solution of the model for the head distribution is developed by the methods of the Laplace transform and double integral transform. Based on the convolution technique, the present solution is applicable to flow problems accounting for arbitrary time-depending recharge rates. The solution of depth-average head can then be obtained by integrating the head solution to depth and dividing the result by the aquifer thickness. The use of rectangular aquifer domain has two merits. One is that the integration for estimating the depth-average head can be analytically achieved. The other is that existing solutions based on aquifers of infinite extent can be considered as special cases of the present solution before the time having the aquifer boundary effect on the head distribution. With the help of the present solution, the assumption of neglecting the vertical flow effect on the transient head at an observation well outside a recharge region can be assessed by a dimensionless parameter related to the aquifer horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities, initial aquifer thickness, and a shortest distance between the observation well and the edge of the recharge region. The validity of assuming aquifer incompressibility is dominated by the ratio of the aquifer specific yield to its storage coefficient. In addition, the sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the head response to the change in each of the aquifer parameters.
Generalized derivations in prime and semiprime
Authors: Huang Shuliang , Rehman Nadeem Ur
Published: November 2015

Let $R$ be a prime ring, $I$ a nonzero ideal of $R$ and $m, n$  fixed positive integers.  If $R$ admits a generalized derivation $F$ associated with a  nonzero derivation $d$ such that $(F([x,y])^{m}=[x,y]_{n}$ for  all $x,y\in I$, then $R$ is commutative. Moreover  we also examine the case when $R$ is a semiprime ring.
Smarandache Curves In Terms of Sabban Frame of Fixed Pole Curve
Authors: Şenyurt Süleyman , Çalişkan Abdussamet
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we study the special Smarandache curve interms of Sabban frame of Fixed Pole curve and we give some characterization of Smarandache curves. Besides, we illustrate examples of our results.
On Zweier Sequence Spaces and de la Vall\'{e}e-Poussin mean of order $\alpha$
Authors: Hazarika Bipan , Tamang Karan
Published: November 2015

The main purpose of this paper is to study some geometrical properties such as order continuous, the Fatou property and the Banach-Saks property of the new space $[\mathcal{Z}_{\lambda}^{\alpha}]_{\infty}(p).$
On some metabelian 2-group and applications II
Authors: Azizi Abdelmalek , Zekhnini Abdelkader , Taous Mohammed
Published: November 2015

Let G be some metabelian 2-group satisfying the condition G/G' is of type  (2, 2, 2).  In this paper, we construct all the subgroups of G of index 2 or 4, we give the abelianization types of these subgroups and we compute the kernel of the transfer map. Then we apply these results to study the capitulation problem of the 2-ideal classes of some fields  k  satisfying the condition  Gal(k_2^{(2)}/k) is isomorphic to G, where k_2^{(2)} is the second Hilbert 2-class field of  k.
An integrated assessment of companies based on value based measures in fuzzy environment
Authors: Seyed Javadin Seyed Reza , Khalili Esbouei Saber , Rajabani Neda
Published: November 2015

In today’s world economy, firms focused on the maximization of shareholder value need to ensure that all activities yield positive net present values. Value based financial performance measures have been developed in an attempt to guide management actions towards achieving this objective. In this study, a hybrid approach is proposed for value based financial performance evaluation of automotive parts manufacturer companies of Tehran stock exchange (TSE). For this purpose, in this study based on eight value based measures an integrated fuzzy multi criteria decision making approach is presented for value based financial performance evaluation of companies. In current approach Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is applied to determine the weights of the criteria. Then the companies are ranked by Fuzzy Complex Proportional Assessment (Fuzzy COPRAS), simultaneously. The results represented the importance of each value based measures in financial evaluation of fourteen Iranian companies and ranking companies by applying the proposed approach.
$\mu$-compactness with respect to a hereditary class
Authors: Carpintero C. , Rosas E. , Salas-Brown Margot , Sanabria J.
Published: November 2015

We define and study the notion of compactness in generalized topological spaces with respect to a hereditary class: $\mu\mathcal{H}$-compact spaces.
Mau Mau War, Female Circumcision and Social-Cultural Identity among the Agikuyu of Kiambu, Kenya
Authors: Muraya Martha Wanjiru
Published: November 2015

This paper generates qualitative information on how the Mau Mau war transformed the Agikuyu female circumcision and its implications on women’s roles, value and gender relations among the Agikuyu in Kiambu. The Agikuyu people of Kiambu believed that, in the traditional set up, female circumcision defined gender roles and women’s power to negotiate space with men. During the Mau Mau war, the practice experienced a considerable changes but it persisted with minimal training and ceremonies. The paper uses a descriptive research design which gives a narrative description of the state of affairs as it exists. The source of information is mainly Oral interviews, Archival information, and cross-checked information from written documents. The transformation that took place in the Agikuyu female circumcision rite during the Mau Mau war is analysed within the concept of gender which gives the study a comprehensive relational platform through which gender roles and relations are interrogated. The study concludes that the persistence of the practice during the Mau Mau war was due to deeply rooted cultural identification, and the need for the Agikuyu women and men to negotiate social space and relations. It is evident in this study that during the Mau Mau war the Agikuyu men and women feared to be victimized and to be rejected by the society and therefore they practiced female circumcision for social-cultural approval and affirmation. Also the practice assisted men to preserve their superior values and dominance role during the period of political uprising.
Occupational Exposure to Steady Magnetic Fields and Mental Health of workers at the Copper Electrolysis Unit
Authors: Ghotbi Mohammad Reza , Mardi Hossein , Khanjani Narges , Parvaresh Nooshin
Published: November 2015

Background: There are a few studies about the health effects of steady magnetic fields. This study was performed in order to evaluate some of the mental effects of exposure to steady magnetic fields in the copper electrolysis unit.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was performed at the electrolysis unit of a Copper Complex in Kerman Province in 2013. The populations under study were ninety workers exposed to steady magnetic fields chosen as the exposed group and 90 workers without exposure chosen from the concentration unit and similar to the exposure group in regard to working conditions. The intensity of steady magnetic field was measured in different parts of the saloon and in the head, waist and feet position. Measuring mental signs was performed by the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28. Data analysis was performed through SPSS19 and the Mann-Whitney U, one way ANOVA, Chi-square test and Regression analysis was used.

Results: In this study the mean intensity of the steady magnetic field in the exposed group was 2.5 mT. The mean rank of mental health in the exposed group was 102.04 and in the unexposed group was 78.96 and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). Also there were statistical differences between the two groups in anxiety and sleep disorder (p=0.001) and depression (p=0.007) dimensions.

Conclusion: It appears that exposure to static magnetic fields can cause psychological complications. Therefore, more research is recommended to improve the safety of workers exposed to these fields.
Peirce, Immediate Perception, and the “New” Unconscious: Neuroscience and Empirical Psychology in Support of a “Well-Known Doctrine”
Authors: Sorrell Kory
Published: November 2015

This article defends Charles Peirce's “doctrine of immediate perception.” This realistic view holds that conscious agents, due to the work of unconscious mind, directly perceive the world and often know objects, events, and persons as they truly are, independently of how we might prefer to think of them (what is known as our realist intuition). The doctrine provides a promising alternative to more recent views insisting that all experience of the world and other persons is ineluctably mediated by language, along with the categories and biases language inevitably imposes. Peirce's view is further explicated in terms of what neuroscientists now call the “new” unconscious (but to which Peirce contributed to earlier) and supported by recent work in both neuroscience and empirical psychology, especially experiments involving infants. The article supports the conclusion that, while much experience is mediated by language (often helpfully so), direct (and desirable) access to a world that informs and often surprises us persists throughout conscious experience.
Literature, Art, and Sacred Silence in Whitehead's Poetics of Philosophy
Authors: Caranfa Angelo
Published: November 2015

This article attempts to trace the influence of the Romantic poets Wordsworth and Shelley and of art on Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy of organism. This influence consists of an imaginative structure as to Whitehead's understanding of nature and of content as to the aesthetic values of beauty, truth, and the good.
Bats? Again? William James, Consciousness, and Our Insipid Existence
Authors: Bearn Gordon
Published: November 2015

It is easy to think of consciousness as a medium, with two teams of philosophers disagreeing over whether the medium is transparent (Qualia do not exist) or translucent (Qualia exist). G. E. Moore's “Refutation of Idealism” is still enlisted in defense of transparence, and Thomas Nagel's “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?” is still used to motivate translucency. I argue against both of these familiar interpretations of these articles and proceed to defend the very first response to Moore's article: James's insistence that consciousness, construed as a transparent or translucent medium, just does not exist. Finally, and quite surprisingly, by refusing to treat consciousness as any sort of medium, James is able to account for how easy it is, and yet how difficult it is, to escape our insipid existence.
Baptism and Conversion Narratives in Eighteenth-Century Methodism: A Norfolk Case Study
Authors: Hart David
Published: November 2015

This article explores the relationship between baptism and conversion in eighteenth-century Methodism through a case study based on sermons and tracts written between 1757 and 1760. Beginning with a sermon preached in 1757 in Norfolk which was deeply critical of John Wesley, the print debate that followed is explored in the wider context of Wesley's writing on baptism up to 1760. The article examines the theological issues posed in early Methodism as it sought to understand orthodox doctrine of baptism in the light of its emphasis on the new birth and conversion. It also offers an interpretation of Wesley's claim to be loyal to the Church of England while developing a network of religious societies that, arguably, observed initiatory practices of its own.
Si crees que la educación es cara, prueba con la ignorancia
Authors: Martínez Reyes Nelson Rubén
Published: November 2015

Diá-logos 14, 3-4.
Diseño y validación de instrumentos de medición
Authors: Soriano Rodríguez Ana María
Published: November 2015

El propósito de este artículo es explicar de forma sintética y lógica el diseño de un instrumento de medición. Se enfatiza principalmente la importancia de la validación como un proceso articulado que debe trascender de la confiabilidad a la validez, condiciones indispensables en todo proceso de medición en la investigación científica. Para facilitar la lectura, se incluyen referentes conceptuales con relación al diseño de los instrumentos y se ha estructurado el proceso del diseño y validación en cuatro fases. Cada una explica puntualmente los aspectos teóricos y los pasos operativos que deben ejecutarse en función de los jueces expertos y los procesos psicométricos, lo cuales permiten generar evidencias empíricas para la validación. Este artículo está dirigido a estudiantes de postgrados que realizan proyectos de investigación como requisitos de graduación y a profesionales de la academia que se inician en el campo investigativo de las áreas sociales y educativas.Diá-logos 14, 19-40.
Desarrollando valores a través de la educación
Authors: Ascencio Velásquez Milton
Published: November 2015

La idea principal en este artículo es que la educación y los educadores deben contribuir con la formación de valores a través de la creación de espacios para el diálogo y el consenso, los cuales permitan ejercitar valores tales como la reflexión crítica, la tolerancia y el respeto en situaciones que los estudiantes enfrentan en el día a día. Se argumenta que el enfoque funcionalista-tradicional que caracteriza la educación actual es incapaz de formar en valores pues no promueve la reflexión crítica que permitiría la toma de decisión y la actuación autónoma. Basado principalmente en el trabajo de Graham Haydon, se presentan ideas relacionadas con los valores y la moral. Además, se propone que los valores y la moral deben ser parte del proceso de aprendizaje mediante el diálogo y el consenso para enfrentar el conflicto.Diá-logos 15, 7-21.
Elaboración de infografías: hacia el desarrollo de competencias del siglo XXI
Authors: Roney Aguirre Cristián , Menjívar Valencia Eduardo , Morales Heimi Liliana
Published: November 2015

Este artículo aborda la infografía, su uso en la educación y las competencias que desarrollan los estudiantes al elaborarla. La infografía tiene su origen en el periodismo y por su potencial comunicativo ha tenido impacto en los lectores desde hace varias décadas, convirtiéndose en uno de los recursos más utilizados por los Medios de Comunicación. Con el paso de los años, de manera paulatina, se ha incorporado al campo educativo, generando nuevas dinámicas de transmisión de información. La infografía, al ser una combinación de elementos visuales (imágenes, gráficos, vídeo, audio, texto) y que al ser incorporada de manera adecuada en el aula de clase, puede potenciar en los estudiantes una mejor comprensión y descripción de temas complejos permitiendo al mismo tiempo el desarrollo de competencias que los prepara frente a una sociedad culturalmente visual. El uso de las infografías en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje refleja de manera explícita el desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas, informacional y digital, que son las competencias del siglo XXI.Diá-logos 15, 23-37.