bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of complications after Ahmed versus Baerveldt implant in glaucoma patients: one year follow-up
Authors: Koentjoro Sara Listyani , Soebijantoro Iwan , Istiantoro Vira Wardhana , Rusmayani Emma , Sulastiwaty Rini , Djamal Zeiras Eka , Akbar Arini Safira Nurul , Yoserizal Muhammad
Published: November 2020

AIM: To compare surgical results of the Ahmed and Baerveldt implant procedures in glaucoma patients at 1y follow-up at Jakarta Eye Center (JEC) Eye Hospitals.
METHODS: This cohort retrospective study was conducted on glaucoma patients aged ≥18y who had undergone Ahmed and Baerveldt implant surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, glaucoma medication, success rate, early and late postoperative complications, and the number of resurgeries were analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 351 eyes in the Ahmed group and 94 eyes in the Baerveldt group were included in this study. At 1y follow-up, the mean IOP was found to be significantly lower in the Baerveldt group (13±4.47 mm Hg) compared to the Ahmed group (15.02±5.73 mm Hg; P=0.025). Glaucoma medication was required in both the Ahmed and Baerveldt groups (58.92% vs 71.67%). Comparable success rate was found in both groups. The Ahmed group revealed a complete and qualified success of 86.82%, and failure of 13.17%. Similarly, the Baerveldt group showed complete and qualified success in 87.75% and failure in 12.25% cases. In the Ahmed group, 11.97% early complications, 26.06% late complications and 9.97% resurgeries were observed. In comparison, in the Baerveldt group, 23.40% early complications, 30.95% late complications and 11.70% resurgeries were observed.
CONCLUSION: Both groups of glaucoma implants show significant IOP reduction, however, the Baerveldt implant group demonstrates greater IOP reduction with more failure rates and complications than the Ahmed implant group.
Study of corneal biomechanical properties in patients with childhood glaucoma
Authors: Caride Sara Garcia , Francés Federico Sáenz , Feijoo Julián García
Published: November 2020

AIM: To study of corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with Corvis Scheimpflug Technology (ST) in patients with childhood glaucoma (CG).
METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which 89 eyes were included 56 of them with CG. Only one eye per patient was included. The following variables were obtained from the clinical history and the ophthalmological examination: age, sex, IOP, number of surgeries, and the cup/disc ratio (CDR). The following parameters were recorded using Corvis ST: corrected by biomechanics IOP (bIOP), not corrected IOP (nctIOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), maximum concavity [radius, peak distance (PD) and deformation amplitude], applanation 1 and 2 (length and velocity). The mean age was 23±14.55 and 33±19.5 years old for the control group and CG group, respectively. Totally 36 were males and 53 were females. In the CG group, 7 patients were controlled only with medical treatment. Sixteen had at least one previous goniotomy, 19 had at least one trabeculectomy, and 11 had an Ahmed implant.
RESULTS: A significant and positive intraclass correlation coefficient was found between Goldman IOP and the IOP measured by Corvis in both groups. No differences were found between the IOP measured with Corvis and Goldman using a student t-test. Regarding biomechanical parameters, there were differences in the applanation length 2 (A-L2), in the applanation velocity 2 (A-V2) and in the PD. By sex, only the applanation length 1 (A-L1) was found to be different in control group. A positive and significant Pearson correlation was found between CDR and the A-L1.
CONCLUSION: Corneal biomechanical properties have shown differences between CG and healthy subjects and also between men and women.
Melanin change of retinal pigment epithelium and choroid in the convalescent stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Huang Ying , Lin Bing , Huang Sheng-Hai , Sun Zu-Hua , Zhou Rong , Li Ying-Zi , Liu Xiao-Ling
Published: November 2020

AIM: To observe the melanin change of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid in the convalescent stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH).
METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 40 eyes of 20 patients in the convalescent stage of VKH. Fundus photography (FP), multi-spectral imaging (MSI), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed.
RESULTS: In the VKH convalescent stage, focal RPE melanin accumulation (FRMA) was detected in 34 eyes (85%) on MSI and in 7 eyes (17.5%) on FP. FRMA was limited to the previous retinal detachment area in all 28 eyes (FRMA was detected in 34 eyes on MSI, which were enrolled, and 6 eyes lacked data in the acute stage). Sunset-glow fundus was detected in 20 eyes (50%) on FP. The mean density of FRMA in a 1-mm-diameter circular area of the fovea was 0.04±0.07 on MSI, which was significantly correlated with sunset-glow fundus (ρ=0.467, P=0.02).
CONCLUSION: In the VKH convalescent stage, FRMA is derived from the RPE melanin change, and sunset-glow fundus is derived from the choroid melanin change. A higher density of FRMA in the fovea and sunset-glow fundus represents more serious depigmentation of melanin.
Analysis of macular microvasculature and thickness after ICL implantation in patients with myopia using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Zhu Qiu-Jian , Yu Peng , Liang Xiao-Suo , Ma Lie , Xiao Hai-Xiang , Yuan You
Published: November 2020

AIM: To investigate changes in macular vessels and thickness in myopic eyes after intraocular collamer lens (ICL) implantation using quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS: This retrospective included 73 myopic eyes of 73 patients (average age, 27.53±6.16y) who underwent ICL implantation (28 eyes were Toric ICL). Axial length (AL), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive dioptre (RD), intraocular pressure (IOP) and OCTA were measured and compared with before and 1wk, 1, and 3mo after surgery. OCTA was used to image vessel density (VD) and skeleton density (SD) in both the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). Central retinal thickness (CRT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCT) were also measured. Changes between pre- and postoperative measurements were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS: Compared with preoperative data, postoperative data on UCVA revealed significant improvements in all patients (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in IOP. After the operation, CRT and GCT exhibited significant changes (P<0.05). Among these measures, CRT was significantly higher at one and three months postoperative (all P<0.01). GCT was significantly higher at 1wk, 1, and 3mo postoperative (all P<0.01). Changes in VD and SD were nonsignificant in both the SCP and DCP. There was no difference in postoperative changes between the ICL and Toric ICL groups.
CONCLUSION: ICL and Toric ICL implantation both have good efficacy and safety for myopic eyes, but macular area changes that occur after surgery need attention.
Clinicopathological analysis of 719 pediatric and adolescents’ ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions: a retrospective study from 2000 to 2018 in China
Authors: Dai Xi-Zhe , Shan Yi , Qian Jiang , Xue Kang , Ye Juan
Published: November 2020

AIM: To describe the clinicopathologic features and classification of pediatric and adolescent ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions
METHODS: A total of 719 cases of pathologically confirmed ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions in a pediatric population from two academic institutions over an 18-year period were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome measures were the clinical and pathological features of the cases.
RESULTS: Benign tumors accounted for 92.1% of all cases while malignant tumors accounted for 7.9%. The most common ocular benign tumors were (epi-)dermoid cysts (19.8%), nevi (15.2%), corneal dermoid tumors (9.8%), and calcified epitheliomas (8.8%). The most common ocular malignant tumors were retinoblastoma (80.8%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (3.9%). Eyelid and ocular surface tumors comprised 73.3% of benign tumors while intraocular and orbital cavity comprised 94.2% of malignant tumors. For tumor site, the upper eyelid was up to 1.79 times more than lower eyelid (P<0.05). Age at surgery and sex also had an association with different lesions (P=0.006, P=0.035, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Most ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions in children and adolescents are benign. Pediatric ocular tumors are distinct from those in adults in terms of histological origin. (Epi-)dermoid cysts are the most common benign tumors while retinoblastomas the most common malignant tumors.
Proportion and characteristic of emmetropia in schoolchildren aged 6-11y: the Shenzhen elementary school eye study
Authors: Jiang Xian-Ming , Han Xiao , Tan Qian , Wu Jun-Shu
Published: November 2020

AIM: To investigate the proportion and characteristic of emmetropia in schoolchildren aged 6-11, especially estimate the normal value of ocular biometric parameters of emmetropia.
METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 6-11y in Shenzhen. Totally, 2386 schoolchildren from two primary schools were involved. The axial length (AL) and the corneal radius of curvature (CRC) were measured by partial coherence laser interferometry. Noncycloplegic refraction and refractive astigmatism (RA) was measured using autorefraction. The axial length-to-corneal radius of curvature ratio (AL/CRC), corneal astigmatism (CA) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were calculated.
RESULTS: The proportion of emmetropia in elementary school students was 41.30%. This percentage decreased gradually from 6 to 11 years of age and decreased rapidly after 9 years of age. The mean and 95%CI of each parameter were provided for boys and girls aged 6 to 11 years of age with emmetropia according to each age group. The change trend of parameters of boys and girls are similar. After 7 years of age, the AL of non-emmetropia started to increase faster than that of emmetropia. The change trend of AL/CRC was the same as that of AL. The other parameters tend to be stable after 7 years of age.
CONCLUSION: The age of 7-9 is an important period for the changes of refractive state and ocular biometric parameters of primary school students, and it is a special focus period for children myopia prevention. The normal value and variation of ocular biometric parameters of emmetropia can provide the basis for the clinical judgment of whether or not children’s ocular biometric parameters obtained by single measurement and changes obtained by multiple measurements are abnormal.
Bibliometric analysis of glaucoma-related literature based on SCIE database: a 10-year literature analysis from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Sun Yun-Xiao , Han Ying , Kong Fan-Qi , Zhang Yue , Labisi Siloka Arthur , Cao Kai
Published: November 2020

AIM: To explore the global trends and focus of glaucoma research from 2009 to 2018.
METHODS: Searching for glaucoma-related articles published in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database during 2009-2018, and describing the distribution of the published year, countries, authors, institutions, funding agencies, journals, impact factor, citation and hot research topic of articles by using bibliometric methods. Meanwhile, we compared some of these indicators over two five-year periods, from 2009 to 2013 and from 2014 to 2018.
RESULTS: A total of 19 609 glaucoma-related articles were retrieved and the global SCIE articles have increased yearly from 2009 to 2018. The USA was the pioneer which has made great contributions. China kept the second place and the number of publications has increased rapidly between 2014 and 2018. The author with the highest number of publications was Weinreb, RN. Co-occurrence maps were built amongst the top 50 authors or the top 50 institutions with the most articles, which visualize the closer collaboration of international authors or institutions. The journal Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science has published the most papers. Glaucoma literature with an impact factor of 3-5 points accounted for the largest proportion (28.96%). The most frequently cited paper had 798 citations. The top three hot areas on glaucoma were intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and retinal ganglion cells. And trabecular meshwork, primary angle-closure glaucoma and Spectral-domain OCT have become new hot research topics in recent five years during 2014-2018.
CONCLUSION: Bibliometric analysis is an effective method to describe the global literature on glaucoma. In a 10-year literature survey from 2009 to 2018, global glaucoma research has developed in a balanced manner, and the cooperation between various institutions and teams has become closer. Glaucoma-related pathogenesis research, imaging examinations of OCT and surgery therapy have attracted most attention.
Credit Constraint and Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Cassava Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors:   Obafemi Awolowo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Kehinde Ayodeji Damilola , Olatidoye Muyiwa Sunday ,   Obafemi Awolowo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the effect of credit constraint on technical efficiency of smallholder cassava farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 200 smallholder cassava farmers using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model. Results from the descriptive statistics showed that majority (81%) of the cassava farmers were male with the mean age of 44.1 (±14.9) years. About 86% of the respondents were married with mean household size of 6.9 (±3.5) persons. The results further revealed that 65% of the farmers were credit constrained. Results obtained from the stochastic frontier model showed that smallholder cassava farmers had an average technical efficiency of 73.6% in cassava production. The empirical results from the frontier model showed that man-day of labour significantly influence the technical efficiency of smallholder cassava farmers in Osun State. However, access to credit, amount of credit constrained and years of education were the major sources of technical inefficiencies among smallholder cassava farmers. The study concluded that majority of smallholder cassava farmers were credit constrained, as the amount of credit they received is not sufficient for their production which subsequently affected their technical efficiency. It was recommended that organizations giving agricultural credits to cassava farmers should enhance their credit services. This will assist smallholder cassava farmers to improve their technical efficiency.
İskeletsel Angle Sınıf III Anomalilerin Tedavisinin Stabilitesine Etki Eden Faktörler
Authors: KALE Oğuzhan , AKSOY Alev , ÖZKAN Merve
Published: November 2020

Sınıf III maloklüzyonlar tedavi başarısı ve yüksek relaps riski nedeniyle zor anomalilerden biri olarak tanımlanır. Büyüme ve gelişim dönemi içerisinde yapılan sınıf III maloklüzyonların tedavisi aynı dönemde yapılan diğer maloklüzyonların tedavilerine oranla daha zordur. Bunun yanı sıra geç mandibuler büyümeye bağlı olarak tedavi sonuçları olumsuz olarak etkilenebilmektedir. Sınıf III maloklüzyonların tedavilerinin başarılı olması ve stabil kalması, anomalinin dişsel/iskeletsel komponentlerine, anomalinin şiddetine, tedaviye başlama yaşına, tedavi mekaniklerinin etkilerine, büyüme ve gelişimle oluşabilecek değişimlere, hekimin bilgisine ve hastanın işbirliğine bağlıdır. Bu seminerin amacı; dişsel ve iskeletsel sınıf III anomalilerin tedavisinin stabilitesine etki eden faktörleri ve uygulanan tedavilerin uzun dönemde incelendiği güncel çalışmalardan bahsetmektir.
Kurşun Uygulamasının Yerfıstığı (Arachis hypogaea L.)’ndaki Morfolojik ve Fizyolojik Etkileri
Authors: DERE Sultan , DOĞAN Muhittin
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışma, kurşun (Pb) ağır metalinin, yerfıstığı (Arachis hypogaea L.) bitkisindeki bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. İklim dolabında, kontrollü şartlar altında ve topraksız ortam kültüründe yürütülen çalışmada denemeler, tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Buna göre araştırmada yerfıstığı (A. hypogeae L. cv. Sultan)’na 0, 10, 100 ve 1000 mg L-1 Pb derişimleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, yerfıstığı fidelerinin kök, gövde ve yapraklarının Pb içeriği, artan Pb derişimine bağlı olarak artmıştır. Fidelerde kurşunun içeriği bitki aksamına göre kök>gövde>yaprak şeklinde olmuştur. Bitki kök, gövde uzunlukları ile kök, gövde ve yaprak yaş ağırlıkları Pb derişimleri artışına paralel olarak azalmıştır. Buna ek olarak, Pb derişimleri kök, gövde ve yapraktaki fenolik bileşikleri de azaltmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca, yaprakların fotosentetik pigment miktarları Pb toksisitesinde azalmıştır. Uygulanan Pb derişimlerinin yerfıstığı fidelerinde hücre membranlarında oksidatif strese neden olduğu ve kök, gövde ve yapraklarda malondialdehit miktarının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Fidelerin bütün kısımlarında protein miktarlarında genelde azalmalar saptanmıştır. Prolin aminoasidinin miktarları kök ve gövdede, kontrol grubuna göre genelde azalmışken, yapraklarda özellikle 100 ve 1000 mg L-1'lik derişimlerinde artmış olması, bu aminoasidin yapraklarda Pb toksititesine karşı bazı rollerinin olabileceğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak kurşunun yüksek dozlarının yerfıstığı fidelerinde toksik etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir.
Dalgacık Bulanık Zaman Serisi Yöntemi ve Gri Tahmin Yöntemi ile Türkiye Buğday Verimi Tahmini
Authors: BAŞAKIN Eyyup Ensar , EKMEKCİOĞLU Ömer , ÖZGER Mehmet , ÇELİK Anıl
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin 1946-2018 yıllarına ait buğday verim değerlerinin analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen 73 yıllık buğday verim değerleri (kg da-1) literatürde son yıllarda sıklıkla kullanılan iki adet matematiksel yöntem ile analiz edilmiştir. Zaman serisi alanında kullanılan Bulanık Zaman Serileri (BZS) ve Gri Tahmin (GT) algoritmaları bu çalışmada kullanılan iki analiz yöntemidir. Ayrıca bu modellere ek olarak zaman serisi önişlem yöntemlerinden olan Ayrık Dalgacık Dönüştürme (ADD) tekniği kullanılarak BZS yöntemi ile hibrit bir model oluşturulmuştur. Analiz aşamasında 53 adet yıllık buğday verim değeri modellerin eğitilmesinde, 20 adet yıllık buğday verim değeri ise modellerin test edilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Modellerin istatistiksel olarak başarılı olup olmadıkları, hata kareleri ortalaması (HKO) ve verimlilik katsayısı (VK) başarı kriterleri ile test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, dalgacık bulanık zaman serisi (DBZS) modellerinin en yüksek VK değerine ve en düşük HKO değerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Tarım bilimleri alanında ilk kez kullanılan bu yöntem sayesinde daha isabetli kararların alınması öngörülmektedir. Ayrıca çalışma ile, oluşturulan hibrit modelin daha sonra geliştirilmesi adına diğer araştırmacılara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
The Effects of Salt Stress in Zinnia (Zinnia sp.) Cultivars During Seed Germination and at the Early Stages of Seedling Growth
Authors: YASEMİN Sara , GÜZEL DEĞER Ayşin , KÖKSAL Nezihe
Published: November 2020

The Zinnia genus which belongs to the Asteraceae family is an annual, multipurpose ornamental plant. Zinnia plants are cultivated not only in landscape but also as the potted plant and cut flower. One of the most important problems in the world is salinity in soil and water. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of salinity on twenty Zinnia cultivars during seed germination and early seedling growth. The salt was applied by irrigating seeds with 0 and 100 mM salt solutions. Radicle emergence, seed germination, root, hypocotyl and cotyledon lengths, relative growth index of the root, and seedling fresh weight were evaluated. At the end of the study, the radicle emergence reduction was the highest value in Zinnita Rose (52%). The highest reduction rates on seed germination were at Swizzle Cherry-Ivory, Double Zahara Raspberry Ripple (48%), and Double Zahara Yellow (48%). Root lengths of all Zinnia cultivars were dramatically decreased by salt stress. According to weighted ranked evaluation, Dreamland Ivory and Dreamland Coral were more tolerant to salt stress than other Zinnia cultivars. However, in general Zinnia cultivars were relatively sensitive to salt stress at the germination stage.
Bazı Maş Fasulyesi (Vigna radiata Wilczek) Genotiplerinin Meloidogyne incognita Irk 2 ile Reaksiyonu
Authors: GÖZE ÖZDEMİR Fatma Gül , KARAMAN Ruziye
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin farklı yerlerinden temin edilen maş fasulyesi (Vigna radiata Wilczek) genotiplerinin Meloidogyne incognita ırk 2 ile reaksiyonu ve genotiplerin konukçu durumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak çalışmada, maş fasulyesine ait 14 farklı genotip ve 1 adet tescilli çeşit kullanılmış; değerlendirme işlemi 1-9 kök ur skalası ve yumurta paketi üretim oranı skalası üzerinden yapılmış ve dayanıklılık indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; M. incognita ırk 2’ye karşı 1 genotipte yüksek seviyede dayanım, 1 orta seviyede dayanım, 2 orta düzey konukçu, 2 çok hassas, 5 orta hassas ve 4 hassas reaksiyon saptanmıştır. Yüksek seviyede dayanım belirlenen 50 N 01 adlı genotipte gal indeksi 1.4, yumurta paketi üretim oranı 1.8 ve dayanıklılık indeksi 6.4 bulunurken, 30 Ç 01 adlı genotipte gal indeksi 3.4, yumurta paketi üretim oranı 4.4 ve dayanıklılık indeksi 31.4 saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, 30 Ç 01 ve 50 N 01 genotiplerinin M. incognita’ya karşı dayanıklı çeşit geliştirmek için melezleme çalışmalarında ebeveyn olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Bazı Entomopatojenlerin Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) Üzerindeki Öldürücü Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: GÖKTÜRK Temel
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada, Orosanga japonica’nın (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) nimf ve erginlerine karşı laboratuvar ve arazi koşullarında Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus thuringiensis entomopatojenleri ve Nimbecidine® organik insektisit uygulanarak öldürücü etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma, 2020 yılı Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında Kemalpaşa, Arhavi ve Artvin’de 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Tül kafesler içerisine alınan nimf ve erginlerin üzerine entomopatojenler ve Nimbecidine püskürtülerek 2 günde bir kontrol edilerek ölen bireyler not edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda tüm entomopatojenlerin ve Nimbecidinenin O. japonica’nın hem nimf hemde erginlerine belirli oranlarda etki ettiği görülmüştür. Laboratuvarda kontrollü koşullarında uygulanan organik insektisit ve entomopatojenler sonucunda ölüm oranları nimflerde % 73-94 ve erginlerde % 18.5-60 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Arazi koşullarında O. japonica nimf ve erginlerine karşı uygulanan organik insektisit ve entomopatojenler sonucunda ölüm oranları nimflerde % 50.5-75, erginlerde % 11-50.5 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Hem laboratuvarda hem de saha koşullarında, en yüksek ölüm oranı değerleri ergin ve nimflerde Nimbecidine uygulamalarında görülmüştür. Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus thuringiensis karışımı ile oluşturulan preparat (BMB) da başarılı bulunmuştur.
Yaygın Fiğ+Arpa Karışımına Uygulanan Kentsel Nitelikli Arıtma Çamurunun Toprağın Bazı Bitki Besin Maddeleri Kapsamına Etkisi
Authors: RAJABİ KHİABANİ Seda , ÇELEN Ahmet Esen
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışma, yaygın fiğ+arpa karışımına uygulanan kentsel arıtma çamurunun bazı toprak bitki besin maddelerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada tarla denemeleri, 2015-2017 yılları arasında iki yıl süreyle Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi’ne ait Bornova’daki deneme arazisinde, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; arıtma çamurunun 1, 2 ve 3 t da-1 dozları ile kontrol ve mineral gübre uygulamaları araştırmanın konusunu teşkil etmiştir. Yaygın fiğ+arpa hasadından sonra her parselden alınan toprak örneklerinde; toplam azot (N), alınabilir fosfor (P), alınabilir potasyum (K), alınabilir demir (Fe), alınabilir bakır (Cu), alınabilir mangan (Mn) ve alınabilir çinko (Zn) analizleri yapılarak topraktaki bu besin maddeleri yönünden değişim incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda uygulamaların toprağın besin maddesi üzerinde farklı etkilerinin ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Toplam N ve alınabilir Cu üzerinde uygulamaların ilk yıl, alınabilir Zn üzerinde ikinci yıl, alınabilir P ve alınabilir Fe üzerinde ise her iki yılda da anlamlı etkileri ortaya çıkarken, alınabilir K ve alınabilir Mn üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde üretim yapılacak tarım arazisinin toprak analiz sonuçlarına göre ve arıtma çamurunun toprakta bırakabileceği ağır metaller göz önünde bulundurularak 2 t da-1 arıtma çamurunun yaygın fiğ+arpa karışımında kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE CRESCIMENTO EM REDES INTERORGANIZACIONAIS: UM ESTUDO COM UMA REDE DE FARMÁCIAS
Authors: Marques Alex Denjoy Prado , Montenegro Ludmilla Meyer , Batista Karen
Published: November 2020

Este estudo analisou as estratégias de crescimento adotadas pela Rede Sergifar, segundo a tipologia proposta por Groß (2003). Realizou-se um estudo de caso único descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas, e análise dos dados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Concluiu-se que as estratégias básicas em conjunto com a redução das barreiras de entrada à rede e a contratação de pessoal específico para desenvolvimento foram ações cruciais no crescimento e desenvolvimento da rede. As estratégias básicas trouxeram mais benefícios diretos para a rede, sendo a categoria mais importante dentre as analisadas.
Features of modern youth reproductive attitudes: expert opinions and reality
Authors:   Saratov National Research State University n.a. N.G. Chernyshevsky, Ivchenkov S.G. , Ivchenkova M.S. ,   Federal Center of Theoretical  and Applied Sociology of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

Presented is analysis of results of sociological research of reproductive attitudes of young people in modern Russian society. The article states, that they are gradually transforming from traditional to adaptive ones. Reproductive attitudes are regulated partly by common norms and values and partly by personal reproductive views. However, they are changing. In the structure of life values of modern youth, children were ranked on the 3rd place in the hierarchy of importance (after health, family). While having a child is still dominant attitude, instrumental orientation to the child is strengthened. Only 18% of young people traditionally see the joy of life in children to some extent; 47% — categorically reject traditional attitudes to childhood as a guarantee of personal and family happiness; 14% — share liberal tolerant values of individualism in their reproductive attitudes. The modern young generation is characterized by an orientation towards having few children. This is manifested in a decrease in the orientation to have two children and an increase in the orientation to have only one child, or to be childfree. From one hand, that indicates the growing value of children themselves, from other hand that shows a reduction of having children among young people. A significant degree of actual distancing of reproductive behavior attitudes from traditional values and practices in this sphere of life, their individualization and rationalization are revealed. Young people who would like to have 2 or 3 children has only one especially among younger groups when their life strategy is more orientated on study, professional self-development and achievement economical comfort life. According to youth opinion the birth of a child brings more difficulties to life than positive changes, which provokes rationalism and pragmatism of individual reproductive attitudes of the younger generation. Unwillingness to have children contributes to the growth of contraceptive culture. Although, the development of contraceptive attitudes related to the reproductive sphere is slow, that provokes the problem of abortions or “accidental” “unwanted” children. Distribution of methods of making decisions about the birth of children and their number, as well as responsibility for the onset of pregnancy have already begun to acquire the character of asymmetry, shifted towards the woman.
TRACKING DINOSAURS IN COARSE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF ARDÈCHE (SOUTHEASTERN FRANCE)
Authors: SZEWCZYK LEO , VENNIN EMMANUELLE , MOREAU JEAN-DAVID , GAND GEORGES , VEROLET MICHEL , KLEE NICOLAS , FARA EMMANUEL
Published: November 2020

Coarse-grained sediments deposited in high-energy environments are usually considered unfavorable to the preservation of fossil tracks. Here we report dinosaur footprints showing good physical preservation, despite being found in coarse-grained sandstones of alluvial origin from the Upper Triassic of Ardèche, southeastern France. The ichnoassemblage, dominated by Grallator isp., raises questions about the processes leading to the formation and preservation of tracks in coarse-grained sediments. The track-bearing surface is a medium- to coarse-grained quartz arenite that is microconglomeratic locally. The tracking surface grain size ranges from 0.2 to 2 mm and numerous pebbles are present. It is overlain by a succession of thin, intercalated layers of claystones and siltstones, themselves covered by a mix of siltstones and coarse-grained sandstones. We interpret this succession as a progressive decrease in energy due to channel migration culminating in channel abandonment, and the establishment of a lower energy setting where the tracking surface formed. Sedimentological and taphonomic observations indicate that the trackmakers walked on fine-grained layers (clay, silt) in which true tracks formed. The passage of the animals along the tracking surface deformed the older coarse-grained sand layers and resulted in the formation of the transmitted undertracks. The fine-grained layer helped record the pedal anatomy of the trackmakers and contributed to protecting the transmitted undertracks from destruction. Overall, we suggest that the fossil footprints were preserved by abiotic processes only, the main factor being the lithological contrast between successive sedimentary layers. The exceptional preservation of those relatively high quality undertracks in coarse-grained deposits contrasts sharply with the prevailing models of true track formation involving fine-grained sediments and microbial mats present in low-energy environments. This mode of undertrack formation may have been relatively frequent elsewhere but potentially overlooked in previous studies.
Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Suaeda glauca
Authors: Cheng Yan , He Xiaoxue , Priyadarshani S. V. G. N. , Wang Yu , Ye Li , Shi Chao , Ye Kangzhuo , Zhou Qiao , Luo Ziqiang , Deng Fang , Cao Ling , Zheng Ping , Aslam Mohammad , Qin Yuan
Published: November 2020

Background
Suaeda glauca is a halophyte widely distributed in saline and sandy beaches, with strong saline-alkali tolerance. It is also a beautiful landscape plant with high development prospects and scientific research value. The S. glauca chloroplast genome has recently been reported; however, the mitochondria genome is still unexplored.
Results
This study assembled the mitochondria genome and annotated the mitochondrial genes of S. glauca based on the Pacbio long reads. The circular mitochondrial genome of S. glauca has a length of 474,330 bp. The base composition of the S. glauca mt genome showed A (27.96%), T (28.01%), C (21.64%), G (21.64%). S. glauca mt genome has 51 genes, including 26 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis with common genes of 28 species resulted in similar morphological classification.
Conclusions
As a Chenopodiaceae species, S. glauca mt genome will provide insights into the missing pieces in the evolution of sex determination and improve genomic breeding in the future.
Monitoring and Measuring the Urban Forms Using Spatial Metrics of Howrah City, India
Authors: Mandal Somnath , Kundu Sanjit , Haldar Subrata , Bhattacharya Subhasis , Paul Suman
Published: November 2020

Monitoring and measurement of urban growth pattern with the help of urban-rural gradient and spatial metrics are gaining significant importance in recent times. Rapid and unplanned urban growth has a great impact on natural resources, local ecology, forestry and infrastructure. Temporal satellite data, gradient analysis and landscape metrics of urban landscapes will help to evolve appropriate strategies for integrated planning and sustainable management of natural resources. This communication focuses on spatiotemporal patterns of land use dynamics of Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC), India and its surroundings with six buffer zones of 2kms. Analysis has been carried out on HMC using temporal remote sensing data. HMC has been used to identify the changes in the gradient of urban to peri-urban and rural regions. Further, the entire study area has been divided into eight zones radiated from city center based on directions. Different landscape metrics have been computed for each zone which helps to understand the spatiotemporal patterns and associated dynamics of the landscape at local levels.
A reprimarização das exportações brasileiras em perspectiva histórica de longa duração
Authors: Tarifa Lopes Victor
Published: November 2020

As exportações brasileiras vêm passando por um processo denominado “reprimarização”, no qual as exportações de produtos primários passaram a superar as de produtos manufaturados. As principaisanálises apontam para causas de curta duração, sejam elas endógenas, como políticas cambiais, ou externas ao Brasil, como o efeito chinês no “boom” das commodities. Procurando contribuir para o debate sobre esse fenômeno, o presente artigo busca identificar o comportamento das exportações brasileiras na longa duração, resgatando dados estatísticos do comércio internacional de 1808 até 2019, tendo como cenário a histórica inserção periférica do Brasil na Divisão Internacional do Trabalho desde o período colonial, condicionando a economia-política brasileira para a especialização em produtos primários de menor valor agregado. Com isso, constatou-se que a especialização em produtos primários nas exportações do Brasil tem sido a regra desde 1808, sendo a exceção o período de 1979 a 2009, quando o país exportou percentualmente mais produtos manufaturados, retornando para o padrão primário-exportador e permanecendo assim até a atualidade.
From Monterrey to Addis Ababa and beyond
Authors: Orliange Philippe , Barros-Platiau Ana Flávia Granja
Published: November 2020

How did the global framework for financing sustainable development evolve in the past ten years? We argue that its evolution is deeply connected to multilateral initiatives such as the Monterrey consensus,the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on climate change. Therefore, the year 2015 may be considered as a landmark. In this vein, we identified five keychanges that affect the global framework for financing development worldwide, showing how traditional international cooperation mechanisms coexist with new ones. They are discussed in the followingorder: the evolution of global development agendas; systemic power relations and financial flows; the institutional entrepreneurship of emerging powers; the increased role of development banks; and from official development aid (ODA) to international public finance. Under the United Nations auspices or not, middle-income countries started to play a bigger role in financing mechanisms. Likewise, some national development banks became more important and started to act more closely under the International Development Finance Club (IDFC) auspices. Brazil, Colombia and South Africa are mentioned as cases for future research.
Instituições Participativas e Agenda-Setting da Política de Assistência Social ao Emigrante Brasileiro LGBT
Authors: Teixeira Chadid Gustavo , Costa Cavalcante Pedro Luiz
Published: November 2020

Como as instituições participativas influenciam o processo de montagem da agenda da política de assistência e inclusão social de emigrantes LGBT pelo Ministério das Relações Exteriores? Para responder a essa questão, este artigo desenvolve análise de conteúdo com base na documentação oficial do MRE, particularmente expedientes telegráficos produzidos entre 2003 a 2015. Os dados e informações evidenciam que o Decreto 7214/2010 oficializou maior abertura do Ministério dasRelações Exteriores não apenas aos emigrados LGBT, mas também às comunidades brasileiras como um todo. Além disso, o artigo demonstra a abertura de uma janela de oportunidade para interferir na montagem da agenda das políticas públicas consulares ocasionado pelo maior engajamento dos emigrantes a partir da criação das Instituições Participatitvas (IPs), instituídas pela mudança normativa. As análises empíricas também indicam que a incorporação de maior quantidade e diversidade de atorese temas — introduzidos no processo pelos mecanismos de participação previstos no Decreto, induziu um procedimento de montagem da agenda mais colaborativo, alinhado ao modelo de governança participativa, fundamental para a construção dos consensos necessários.
Brazilian Industrial Defense Base Profile
Authors: Leske Ariela , Santos Thauan
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to present an overview and analysis of the Brazilian defense industrial base (IDB). Based on the Brazilian Industrial Defense Base Mapping and its eight segments (ABDI-IPEA, 2016), our maincontribution is to provide the first national and comparative analysis between these sectors, since there is a lack of knowledge in the literature on the Brazilian defense-related companies scenario. Focusingon the analysis of the international insertion of these companies into the global industry through international trade, we analyze defense-related companies based on (i) personnel and average salaries;(ii) innovative and investment profile; (iii) share of export; (iv) main destination countries; (v) technological intensity of exported products; (vi) main obstacles when looking for external markets; and(vii) main export support instruments. Despite the limitations in terms of data, among the main conclusions stand out that each segment has a specific profile, faces and responds differently to market barriers, and in general its innovative profile is still focused on process, what may limit the competitiveness of companies.
A proteção dos Direitos Humanos na Corte Internacional de Justiça
Authors: Cerqueira Reis Roberta
Published: November 2020

Partindo do julgamento das medidas provisórias de proteção à população Rohingya, no caso Gâmbia vs. Myanmar, entregue em 23 de janeiro de 2020, discute-se o papel da Corte Internacional deJustiça na aplicação da Convenção para a prevenção e punição do crime de Genocídio (1948), introduzindo-a como possível mecanismo de enforcement para as normas de Direitos Humanos. Argumenta-se que a Corte assumiu, no século XXI, um papel que extrapola o estatocentrismo originalmente pensado quando de sua criação em 1945 e se mostra mais integrada ao regime internacional de Direitos Humanos. A análise foca em dois pontos centrais que são o reconhecimento das obrigações erga omnes (e sua relação com as normas de jus cogens) e a proteção dada a um grupo de indivíduos e não a um Estado. A decisão do caso do genocídio Rohingya apresenta as possibilidades de a Corte alinhar-se aos demais mecanismos do regime internacional dos Direitos Humanos e aos objetivos das Nações Unidas, ampliando sua atuação para garantir não só os direitos dos Estados, mas também o dos indivíduos, foco de atuação do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos.
A política externa brasileira para a África de Lula a Temer
Authors: Ziebell de Oliveira Guilherme , Mallmann Vinicius
Published: November 2020

A política externa brasileira para a África sofreu inflexão durante os anos 2000. A posse de Luiz Inácio (Lula) da Silva marcou uma clara mudança nos paradigmas da política externa brasileira, acarretandoa retomada da atribuição de importância ao continente africano. A partir do primeiro mandato de Dilma Rousseff, em 2011, as relações com o continente vivenciaram um enfraquecimento, resultado decondicionamentos internos e externos, ainda que tenham mantido sua relevância para a política externa brasileira tanto em termos políticos, quanto econômicos. Com a ascensão de Michel Temer ao poder, em2016, operou-se uma reorientação nas linhas gerais da política externa brasileira, colocando em questão o espaço ocupado pelo continente africano ao longo dos anos 2000. Nesse sentido, este trabalho avalia os impactos que a política externa brasileira para o continente africano sofreu a partir de Temer. Para tanto, apoia-se sobretudo nos trabalhos de Charles Hermann (1990), com o intuito de analisar os diferentes níveis de mudança de política externa; e de Ricardo Sennes (2003), com o objetivo de demonstrar que a matriz de política externa que marcou os governos Lula e Dilma é distinta daquela do governo Temer.
Comparison of expandable hospital competitions in Turkey and USA and space programs
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Tülbentçi Tuğşad , Arcan Enis Faik ,   Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
Published: November 2020

The reason behind this article is the idea that “Expandable Hospital Competitions” are significant architectural events due to their organization in two different countries. Additionally, the research topic becomes much important due to the differences in “Hospital Design Standards” arising from the lapse of time as almost half a century since such competitions are organized at different times. The first competition, called “Expandable Hospital,” is organized in Turkey in the year 1975, while the second competition is named “Small Hospital-Big Idea,” which was organized in the USA in the year 2011. Due to such a year gap, the research becomes more multi-dimensional, with significant differences in the competition space programs. At the same time, there have been some improvements socially, general health conditions due to the changes in welfare and communication conditions, etc., hospital organization, medical practices, pharmaceutical manufacturing, medical devices, and medical equipment. All of such factors have changed the space standards that affect the hospital organization in the long year gap. Based on such developments, this study aims to identify the differences between hospital competitions and space programs under the existing conditions through the performance of comparison
Mobilidade urbana no contexto de cidades inteligentes: uma análise bibliométrica e de conteúdo
Authors: Silva-Martins José Vinícius , Gonzales-Taco Pastor Willy
Published: November 2020

Este artigo pretende apresentar como vem sendo discutidas as dimensões da mobilidade urbana no contexto de cidades inteligentes em artigos acadêmicos. Para isso, foi aplicado um estudo exploratório da literatura por meio de uma análise bibliométrica para a verificação quantitativa dos dados e de conteúdo para a avaliação qualitativa. A partir de um refinamento, foram encontrados 377 artigos entre 2012 e 2020. Os principais resultados apontam para um aumento nas publicações sobre o assunto e mostram que a mobilidade urbana retrata um novo estágio, proporcionado pelas inovações tecnológicas, que está se caracterizando como mobilidade inteligente.
Research Output and International Cooperation Among Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Grammes Nadja , Millenaar Dominic , Fehlmann Tobias , Kern Fabian , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix , Keller Andreas
Published: November 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has instigated immediate and massive worldwide research efforts. Rapid publication of research data may be desirable but also carries the risk of quality loss.

Objective

This analysis aimed to correlate the severity of the COVID-19 outbreak with its related scientific output per country.

Methods

All articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic were retrieved from Web of Science and analyzed using the web application SciPE (science performance evaluation), allowing for large data scientometric analyses of the global geographical distribution of scientific output.

Results

A total of 7185 publications, including 2592 articles, 2091 editorial materials, 2528 early access papers, 1479 letters, 633 reviews, and other contributions were extracted. The top 3 countries involved in COVID-19 research were the United States, China, and Italy. The confirmed COVID-19 cases or deaths per region correlated with scientific research output. The United States was most active in terms of collaborative efforts, sharing a significant amount of manuscript authorships with the United Kingdom, China, and Italy. The United States was China’s most frequent collaborative partner, followed by the United Kingdom.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 research landscape is rapidly developing and is driven by countries with a generally strong prepandemic research output but is also significantly affected by countries with a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases. Our findings indicate that the United States is leading international collaborative efforts.
Stronger Association between Nucleus Accumbens Density and Body Mass Index in Low-Income and African American Children
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: November 2020

Background: The nucleus accumbens’ (NAc) size, function, and density influence individuals’ body mass index (BMI). However, little is known about racial and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in the role of NAc density as a predictor of childhood BMI. Objectives: We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data to investigate racial and SES differences in the effect of NAc density on childhood BMI. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 9497 children between ages 9 and 10. Mixed-effects regression models were used to analyze the data. The predictor variable was NAc density measured using diffusion MRI (dMRI). The outcome variable was BMI, operationalized as a continuous variable. Covariates included sex, age, ethnicity, family structure, and parental education. Race (White, African American, Asian, and Other/mixed) and household income (< 50k, 50-100 k, and 100+ k) were the moderators. Results: High NAc diffusion tension (density) was predictive of higher BMI, net of covariates. However, the positive association between NAc density and BMI was stronger in African Americans than in White, and in low-income than in high-income children. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that although high NAc has implications for children’s BMI, this effect varies across racial and SES groups. More research should be performed on the role of obesogenic environments in altering the effect of NAc on childhood BMI.