bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Eş Zamanlı Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: Acar Sema , Peker Bilge
Published: May 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı salgın döneminde derslerini eş zamanlı uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları ile yürüten matematik öğretmenlerinin eş zamanlı uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma nitel desenli bir durum çalışması şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubunu, derslerini eş zamanlı uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları ile yürüten 12 gönüllü matematik öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Eş zamanlı uzaktan eğitimin öğretmen görüşlerine göre teknoloji kullanımı konusunda, fiziksel açıdan, sağlık açısından ve zaman açısından avantajlı olduğu belirlenirken derslerin öğretmenler için yorucu olması, teknolojik araç ve alt yapı sorunlarının olması, öğretmenlerin çalışma saatlerinin çok fazla esnetilmesi, iletişim ve etkileşim eksikliği, ilgisizlik, eksik öğrenme gibi dezavantajları olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak matematik öğretmenlerinin matematik derslerinde yüz yüze eğitim modelini tercih ettiği, az bir kısmının yüz yüze eğitim ve uzaktan eğitimin beraber olduğu karma modeli tercih ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Okul Yönetiminin Sorunları: Okul Müdürlerinin Değerlendirmeleri
Authors: Can Ertuğ
Published: May 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı okul yönetiminde karşılaşılan sorunlara yönelik okul müdürlerinin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma, 2019-2020 öğretim yılında İstanbul Maltepe, Ümraniye ve Kadıköy İlçelerinde görevli 36 okul müdürünün katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma deseni ve durum çalışması modeli esas alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre okul müdürleri yönetimsel boyutta eğitim sistemi, okul yöneticisi seçme ve atama sistemi, okul yöneticileri, fiziksel koşullar ve mevzuat ile ilgili sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Öğretimsel boyutta ise öğretmenler, veliler, müfredat ve öğrenciler ile ilgili sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Okul yönetiminde karşılaşılan sorunların çözümüne yönelik olarak öncelikle okul yöneticisi seçme ve atama sisteminin iyileştirilmesi, eğitim sisteminin bir bütün olarak geliştirilmesi, okul yöneticilerinin yetiştirilmesi, okulların fiziksel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ve mevzuatın sürekli değiştirilmemesi önerilmektedir.
The The benefits of “Academic Writing” course for the freshmen in English-medium-instruction departments in a Turkish state university
Authors: Tomak Burak
Published: May 2022

The importance of academic writing is prevalent especially for the students taking English-medium instruction (EMI). After the intensive language lessons in the School of Foreign Languages, students must reach a certain level (B2) in order to pursue their academic studies in English. In addition to their departmental courses, freshmen in some EMI departments are offered “Academic Writing” course while some others do not have this opportunity. Thus, this study has tried to determine the efficiency and the benefits of this course for the freshmen in this university. For the purpose of the study, 5 freshmen that took “Academic Writing” course in the spring semester and 6 other freshmen who were not offered this course were assigned to write an academic essay on a given topic by the researcher. After the submission of their papers, the researcher had semi-structured interviews with each participant. Data were analyzed qualitatively via manual coding. It was found that the students who took “Academic Writing” course were more successful than their peers who were not given this opportunity in terms of grammar and vocabulary knowledge as well as the content formation in their academic papers.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Sınıfta Ekran Medyası Kullanım Şekilleri ve Tercihlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Çiçek Rahime , Şahin Volkan
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki erken çocukluk eğitim ortamlarında çocuk medyasının, özellikle ekran medyası ürünlerini nasıl kullanıldığını ve okul saatlerinde ekran izleme sürelerine nasıl aracılık edildiğini daha iyi anlamaktır. Sınıfta çocuklara en sık hangi içeriklerin gösterildiği, çocukların medya ürünlerini ne kadar süreyle, nerede izlediği ve izlerken ne tür cihazlar kullandıkları incelenmektedir. Ayrıca mevcut çalışmada okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin medya ürünü seçiminde kullandıkları kriterler de araştırılmıştır.  Çeşitli altyapıya sahip okul öncesi öğretmenlerine ulaşmak için çevrimiçi anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 0-6 yaş arası çocuklarla çalışan hem özel hem de devlet okullarından toplam 639 öğretmen katılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin sınıfta ekran medyası kullanım kalıplarını ve tercihlerini araştırmak için açık uçlu ve çoktan seçmeli sorulardan oluşan bir anket kullanılmıştır. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, okul öncesi eğitim ortamlarındaki birçok çocuk okul saatlerinde ekran medyasına maruz kalmaktadır. Bu uygulama öncelikli olarak eğitim amaçlı gerçekleştirilirken, genellikle günde 30 dakikadan daha az bir süre ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Ayrıca mevcut araştırma, öğretmenlerin en çok yaşa ve gelişime uygunluk, içeriğin algılanan eğitsel değeri, ilgi çekiciliği ve ürünün biçimsel özellikleri kriterlerini dikkate alarak sınıfta kullanmayı tercih ettiklerini göstermiştir.
Tingkat Ansietas Perawat Pelaksana Yang Memiliki Lansia Saat Pandemi COVID 19 Di RS Hermina
Authors: Laela Sri , Musripah Musripah
Published: May 2022

Perawat pelaksana yang memiliki lansia beresiko mengalami ansietas, hal ini di karenakan perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan yang secara lansung kontak dengan manusia atau pasien. Kontak secara lansung ini dapat meningkatkan resiko infeksi penyakit menular, seperti Covid 19. Perawat merasa khawatir jika hal ini menularkan pada keluarga yang ada dirumah, terutama yang mempunyai kelompok rentan diantaranya adalah yang mempunyai lansia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat ansietas perawat pelaksana yang memiliki lansia di masa pandemi Covid 19 di RS Hermina. Metode penelitian yang digunakan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perawat RS Hermina yang memiliki lansia sebanyak 144 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Juli – Desember 2021. Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah Zung Self - rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) terdapat 20 pertanyaan, 5 pertanyaan mengarah pada gejala afektif ansietas dan 15 pertanyaan mengarah pada gejala psikologik ansietas Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karasteristik perawat pelaksana yang memiliki lansia di RS Hermina mengalami ansietas sedang. Kata kunci : ansietas, lansia, perawat
A Case of Grisel’s Syndrome After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
Authors: Yi Sea Eun , Chung Yoo-Sam
Published: May 2022

Grisel’s syndrome is an uncommon disease following the upper neck inflammatory process or ear, nose, and throat procedure. Clinically, it frequently develops in the pediatric population. The most common initial symptom is acute painful torticollis. This report presents a case of Grisel’s syndrome in an 8-year-old girl after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. CT was performed for diagnosis, and the patient was diagnosed with Grisel’s syndrome. Cervical halter traction was performed, and finally the patient recovered successfully without any complication.
Machine Learning-Based Predictor for Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Salivary Gland Cancer After Operation
Authors: Jeong Min Cheol , Koh Yoon Woo , Choi Eun Chang , Lim Jae-Yol , Kim Se-Heon , Park Young Min
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the survival data of salivary gland cancer (SGCs) patients to construct machine learning and deep learning models that can predict survival and use them to stratify SGC patients according to risk estimate.Subjects and Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data from 460 patients with SGCs from 2006 to 2018.Results In Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model, pM, stage, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node ratio, and age exhibited significant correlation with patient’s survival. In the CPH model, the c-index value for the training set was 0.85, and that for the test set was 0.81. In the Random Survival Forest model, the c-index value for the training set was 0.86, and that for the test set was 0.82. Stage and age exhibited high importance in both the Random Survival Forest and CPH models. In the deep learning-based model, the c-index value was 0.72 for the training set and 0.72 for the test set. Among the three models mentioned above, the Random Survival Forest model exhibited the highest performance in predicting the survival of SGC patients.Conclusion A survival prediction model using machine learning techniques showed acceptable performance in predicting the survival of SGC patients. Although large-scale clinical and multicenter studies should be conducted to establish more powerful predictive model, we expect that individualized treatment can be realized according to risk stratification made by the machine learning model.
Non-random orientation of Pocillopora colonies on forereefs of Moorea, French Polynesia
Authors: Corso J , French BJ , Edwards CB , Pedersen NE , Zgliczynski BJ , Planes S , Pacala S , Sandin SA
Published: May 2022

Morphological variation in scleractinian corals has been variously ascribed to genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity, with a likely influence of both factors. Experimental approaches have dominated studies of phenotypic plasticity, for example with asymmetrical colony formation resulting from exposure to experimentally imposed unidirectional water flow. However, it has been difficult to disentangle the effects of competition for space between sessile organisms from the influence of physical forcing on coral morphologies in situ. To this end, we investigated morphological variation of coral colonies of the genus Pocillopora on reefs in Moorea, French Polynesia, where recovery (by 2018) after near complete loss of coral cover on the forereef in 2010 was driven predominantly by recruitment and growth of Pocillopora. We employed a large-area imaging approach at 8 study sites in the forereef of Moorea, constructing digital models of 100 m2 benthic plots to describe the orientation of ~400 individual colonies of Pocillopora. Results demonstrate that Pocillopora colonies on the forereef of Moorea exhibit non-random orientations, with a systematic orientation of the major axis that lies approximately perpendicular to the 20-30 m isobath.
Dietary shifts and niche partitioning throughout ontogeny reduce intraspecific competition in a pelagic generalist predator
Authors: Gao X , Gong Y , Chen X , Li Y
Published: May 2022

Patterns of feeding strategy change throughout ontogeny according to size-specific abilities and requirements. Characterizing the extent and potential repeated occurrence of dietary differences within the population can improve understanding of the intraspecific predation regime and population dynamics. Here, we investigated size-related feeding habits and trophic niche partitioning of an iconic pelagic generalist predator, the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas, by a combined analysis of morphologic indicators of feeding capability (fin and feeding apparatuses), trophic biochemical tracers (stable isotopes and fatty acids), and stomach contents. Results showed significant variation in prey composition, isotopic values, and fatty acid profiles with size. D. gigas exhibited a shift in diet at approximately 250 mm mantle length (ML). The trophic niche of small (ML ≤ 250 mm) and large (ML > 250 mm) squid revealed low potential for resource overlap, suggesting segregation in terms of spatial and food resources of different size groups. Large individuals tend to feed deeper and on smaller prey to optimize food capture costs and energy benefits. This feeding strategy is likely related to variability in the development of feeding capacity, increasing swimming ability, and metabolic demand as squid grow and may reduce intraspecific competition to improve survival. These results highlight the dietary flexibility of D. gigas and demonstrate that niche differentiation acts as a major factor in a cohort, which may have important implications for their population dynamics and management. In addition, this study demonstrates that using multiple diet tracers can highlight subtle differentiations in diet correlated to growth in a pelagic generalist predator.
How Nonlinear Science Leads to Continuous Innovation in an Academic and Productive High-Tech Community
Authors: Fortuna Luigi , Presti Matteo Lo , Lavorgna Mario , Rizzotto Gianguido
Published: May 2022

In this contribution, the fundamental importance that Nonlinear Science gave and is giving to a community of researchers from both university and private companies in terms of innovation and advanced knowledge will be explained. In the literature it is not often discussed the development and the history of researcher groups and the decisive role that some events positively address the scientific community and the development of the territory. Today, after more decades, the authors remark the impact that Nonlinear Science had on their community, leading to a continuous innovation process in academic research groups and in high technology companies. The genesis of this process is reported and detailed in the paper.
Topologically Tuned Obliquity of Klein-Tunnelling Charged Currents Through Graphene Electrostatically-Confined p - n Junctions
Authors: Grushevskaya Halina , Krylov George
Published: May 2022

Problem of control over Klein-tunnelling states from electrostatically-confined graphene p - n junctions has been discussed. The lack of quasi-bound states, being the states with a finite life time, in a pseudo-Dirac-fermion model for the graphene quantum dot (GQD) is theoretically predicted as inapplicability of the so-called "resonance condition" leading to an inconsistent linear system corresponding to matching conditions. Within a pseudo-Dirac-Weyl fermion model GQD, the graphene charge carriers are topologically nontrivial and can be confined by a staircase-type potential due to competition between Zak curvature and centrifugal-force actions. The predicted topological effects elucidate experimentally observed resonances created by electron beam and laser pulse in crystalline arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes as the Klein-tunnelling resonant states in the p - n graphene junctions. We present a robust approach to fabricate stable graphene p - n junctions by fine-tuning the topological effects.
Quasi-Normal Form for a Ring Model of Pump-Coupled Lasers
Authors: Grigorieva Elena V. , Kaschenko Sergey A.
Published: May 2022

We study the dynamics of the closed chain of a large number of coupled lasers. The coupling between elements is supposed to be unidirectional. The distributed integro-differential model is proposed which takes into account the delay due to the optoelectronic conversion of signals. The bifurcation value of the coupling coefficient is obtained, at which the stationary state of elements in the chain becomes unstable. It is shown that the critical case has infinite dimension if the number of elements in the chain tends to infinity. A two-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with convection is obtained as a quasi-normal form. We get the homogeneous periodic solutions of the quasi-normal which correspond to inhomogeneous traveling waves in a distributed model. Such solutions can be interpreted as phase-synchronized regimes in the chain of coupled lasers.
Magnetic Effect on the Rotation Frequency of a Neutron Star: An Intrinsically Nonlinear Effect
Authors: Faehnle M. , Wunner G.
Published: May 2022

A neutron star contains regions with particles which exhibit magnetic moments, which, in turn, generate respective magnetizations. By magnetoelastic interactions between the magnetization and the matter there arises a magnetostriction. The magnetostriction changes the mass density of the neutron star and hence its inertia tensor, and as a result it changes the rotation frequency of the star. It is shown that the effect depends in a distinctly nonlinear way on the magnetization of the neutron star. We also sketch how the calculation of the magnetostriction in the different inner regions of the neutron star has to proceed, and which parameter inputs are needed.
Patterned Photoalignment-Based One- and Two-Dimensional Liquid Crystal Forked Gratings
Authors: Kabanova O. S. , Rushnova I. I. , Gorbach D. V. , Melnikova E. A. , Tolstik A. L.
Published: May 2022

Based on the technology of patterned photoalignment of polymerizable nematic liquid crystal, one- and two-dimensional fork-dislocation gratings which enable formation of singular light beams (optical vortices) have been fabricated and examined. The proposed approach to the formation of a two-dimensional optical structure presents itself a combination of two one-dimensional gratings with mutually orthogonal orientations of the grooves. Phase structures of the formed singular beams as well as their spatial and polarization characteristics have been studied experimentally. The obtained results offer new potentialities in design of optical devices and systems for transformation of phase and polarization structures of light beams.
Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Colon to Liver: A Case Report
Authors: Dalton Raeann M. , Son Young , Flemming Joseph P , Junayed Abdullah , Thomas Brian M , Fink Benjamin A , Klimowich Katelyn M , Mueller Thomas , Dorsey Philip
Published: May 2022

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare malignancy associated with human papillomavirus and immunosuppression. If not detected early in its course, local invasion and metastasis to distant regions often occurs. Colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Many familial genetic mutations are associated with CRAC; however, co-presentation with penile SCC has not been established in literature. The authors present a case in which a patient presenting with a primary diagnosis of penile SCC was found to have distant liver metastases due to a previously unknown recurrence of CRAC. The authors conclude that primary penile cancer with subsequent metastatic colon adenocarcinoma is possible in patients with unknown genetic predisposition.
İyileşme Aşamaları Ölçeği’nin Ruhsal Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: KARAKAŞ Mehmet , GÜRHAN Nermin
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma İyileşme Aşamaları Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun ruhsal hastalığı olan bireylerde geçerlik ve güvenirliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmanın örneklemini bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesine başvuru yapan 300 birey oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Tanıtıcı bilgi formu, İyileşme Aşamaları Ölçeği (İAÖ-30) ve İyileşme Değerlendirme Ölçeği (İDÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metotlar, korelasyon analizi, Cronbach Alpha analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmada kapsam geçerliği indeksi 0,99, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değeri 0,914 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık analiz sonuçlarında faktör yüklerinin 0,51 ile 0,85 arasında, madde-toplam test korelasyon değerlerinin ise 0,41 ile 0,81 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarına ait Cronbach Alpha değerleri Durağanlık alt boyutu için 0,888, Farkındalık alt boyutu için 0,821, Hazırlık alt boyutu için 0,774, Yeniden Yapılanma alt boyutu için 0,831 ve Gelişim alt boyutu için 0,923 olarak saptanmıştır. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde χ2/Sd=1,096, GFI=0,902, AGFI=0,884, CFI=0,992, RMSEA=0,02, NFI=0,916, IFI=0,992 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İyileşme Aşamaları Ölçeği ile İyileşme Değerlendirme Ölçeği arasında yapılan eş zamanlı ölçüt geçerlik değerlerinin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. İyileşme Aşamaları Ölçeği’nin test tekrar test korelasyon sonuçlarının 0,958 ile 1,000, Cronbach Alpha değerlerinin ise 0,724 ile 0,922 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: İyileşme Aşamaları Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun ruhsal hastalığı olan bireyler için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu saptanmıştır.
Bifosfonatlar ve Çenelerde Görülen Osteonekroz
Authors: TANRIKOL Büşra , MAĞAT Güldane
Published: May 2022

Bifosfonatlar, stabil kemik mineralizasyonu düzenlerler.Endojen inorganik pirofosfatların analoglarıdır. Bifosfonatların osteoklastları inaktive ederek osteoklastik kemik rezorbsiyonunu azalttığı bilinmektedir. Bu sebeple kemik rezorbsiyonunu azaltması ve kontrol altına alınması gereken çoğu hastalıkta tercih edilmektedir. Kullanıma girdikleri 1969 yılından bu yana pek çok çalışma ile etkin, güvenilir ve iyi tolere edilebilir oldukları ortaya konmuştur. Oral bifosfonatlar genellikle osteopeni ve osteoporozda kullanılırken, inravenöz bifosfonatlar ilk olarak iskeletle ilişkili durumların düzeltilmesinde (kırıklar, kemik ağrısı, aşırı kemik rezorbsiyonu ile sonuçlanan hiperkalsemi durumlarında), multiple myelom, meme, prostat, akciğer ve kemik metaztazlı renal kanserler gibi malignitelerde kullanılmaktadır. Bifosfonatların yan etkileri minimal olarak bilinmektedir. Ancak ilacın uzun süreli kullanımına bağlı olarak bifosfonatın kemikte yüksek konsantrasyona ulaşması sonucunda, çenelerde osteonekrozlar ve oral mukoza epiteli üzerinde toksik etkiler gelişebilmektedir. Bu derlemede bifosfonatların kimyasal yapıları, etki mekanizmaları, endikasyonları, yan etkileri ve osteonekrozun tanı ve tedavisi hakkında önem arz eden bilgilerin verilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
A rare stroke: Cerebral Venous-Sinus Thrombosis; A Case Series Analysis Presented to Emergency Department and Review of the Literature
Authors: GÜRÜ Selahattin , ÜZER Begüm , DEMİR Hüseyin Avni , EŞFER Sezer , KARAMERCAN Mehmet Akif
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but acute and life-threatening disease. In this study, we present a case series of 10 patients with CSVT diagnosed in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Demographic characteristics, CVST etiologies, diagnostic characteristics in their history, radiological signs and prognosis were recorded during their hospitalization. The median age of the patients was 32 years. Half of the patients were women. It was known that three patients had otitis media, and the other three patients had pregnancy, puerperium and hormonal contraceptives. One patient had chronic inflammatory disease and one patient had idiopathic thrombosis. All but one of the patients had headache. The diagnostic tool was magnetic resonance venography and all patients had transverse sinus occlusion. All patients received anticoagulant treatment in the neurology department, 9 patients were discharged with good recovery, 1 patient died. Emergency clinicians should be more careful, especially in young patients and patients with thrombotic risk factors. Hormonal contraceptives are a major preventable risk factor. However, pregnancy and the postpartum period are thrombotic risk factors on their own. Intracranial infections such as otitis media may spread and cause cerebral vein thrombosis. Magnetic resonance venography is the most successful diagnostic tool for SSVT.
Inventing Odrán: saints, pilgrims and politics in medieval Iona
Authors: Márkus Gilbert
Published: May 2022

A saint called Odrán appears as part of several other saints’ Lives, often in a role closely connected to his death, and sometimes in a way which made him an alter ego of the principal saint of the Life. Such a death – whether of Odrán or another saint – could establish the sanctity of a site and could also express hierarchies of ecclesiastical authority. The cult of St Odrán on Iona, first attested in the twelfth century, fits this pattern. It is related to the claim that Derry made at the time to authority over the Columban familia. The cult of Odrán is also related to the layout of Iona's holy places – chapels and burial grounds – and to the ritual movement between them involving both the living and the dead.
Bede, Plummer, and the Letter to Nechtan: a reassessment
Authors: Shaw Richard
Published: May 2022

In his Historia ecclesiastica, Bede includes a letter on the dating of Easter and the tonsure, addressed to Nechtan, king of the Picts, written in the name of Ceolfrith (died 716), abbot of Wearmouth-Jarrow. A reassessment of Charles Plummer's assertion of Bede's authorship, expounding Plummer's case at greater length and in more detail, shows that his arguments continue to convince. Bede's authorship provides the best key to the text; and, given the scale of the evidence in its favour, this conclusion should become the default scholarly view, statable without qualification. Accepting the arguments for Bede's authorship of the Letter also casts light on his role in the Wearmouth-Jarrow community early in his career and is evidence for his involvement in high-level diplomacy. Bede's role in the paschal negotiations can also potentially help to contextualise some of his other contemporary literary products, or work towards them – including the Historia ecclesiastica itself.
Geometry Scaling Technique For Aerodynamic Redesign Of Multistage Transonic Compressor
Authors:   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Zhang Xiawen , Ju Yaping ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Zhang Chuhua ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Li Cong ,   AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute, Meng Dejun ,   AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute
Published: May 2022

The aerodynamic design of multi-stage transonic axial-flow compressors plays a critical role in the overall performance of aeronautical engine, gas turbine and industry compression unit. Despite a series of new design methods have been successfully proposed in the research and development of advanced axial-flow compressors, redesign methods are still one of the most effective measures in the development of available advanced products to meet new requirements. In this work, a geometry scaling technique is proposed in which 1D mean-line analysis and 3D parametric geometric modeling are used to define a series of key redesign criteria with as minor variations as possible in the aerodynamic performance compared against the original design. The motivation behind this technique is to develop a CFD validation rig while keep both the aerodynamic performance and CFD prediction accuracy unchanged with reduced partial annulus model. The proposed scaling technique is then verified by the redesign of a 3.5-stage transonic axial-flow compressor with geometry scaling of blade/vane numbers and IGV-rotor-stator axial spacing. The CFD prediction shows that the variation in overall performance of redesigned compressors is generally within one percent, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed scaling technique.
Hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations of liquid jet atomization in swirling cross flow
Authors:   School of aeronautics and astronautics, Zhejiang University, Jin Tai , Wang Gaofeng ,   School of aeronautics and astronautics, Zhejiang University, Luo Kun ,   State key laboratory of clean energy utilization, Zhejiang University, Fan Jianren ,   State key laboratory of clean energy utilization, Zhejiang University
Published: May 2022

Studies on liquid jet breakup and spray formation in swirling cross flows is of great significance to the combustors of gas turbine engines. In this study, hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method is utilized for the modelling of liquid jet atomization, which combines the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) scheme to capture the gas-liquid interface, and a Lagrangian droplet tracking method to resolve the secondary breakup and the dilute spray cloud. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme is adopted to refine mesh points around the gas-liquid interface, to save the computational cost appreciably. The liquid jet of fuel (Kerosene) is injected radially outwards into the non-swirling and swirling air crossflow from the inner tube of the annular computational domain. The transient multi-mode breakup process of the fuel jet, such as shear break up, bag formation, ligament and droplet formation, has been analyzed. The effect of swirl on the penetration of the fuel jet is compared with the empirical models. The size distribution of droplets is statistically compared under different swirling conditions.
Effects of Inlet Guide Vane Variability on Aerodynamic Performance of a 1.5-Stage Transonic Axial Compressor
Authors:   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Ren Guanghui , Geng Shaojuan ,   1 Advanced Gas Turbine Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhang Hongwu ,   1 Advanced Gas Turbine Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang Xiaofang ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Yang Jinguang ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
Published: May 2022

The variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) and front stage variable stator vanes (VSV) are widely used among multistage axial compressors to improve compressor aerodynamic performance for both gas turbine and aircraft engine. In this paper, the effects of IGV variability on the aerodynamic performance of a 1.5-stage transonic axial compressor at design speed are studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation. After simulating seven IGV angles (-20°, -15°, -10°, -5°, 0°, +5°, +10°) respectively, it was found that the peak efficiency first increases and then decreases with the opening of IGV stagger angle, reaching the maximum when the IGV is -5°. The mass flow rate and total pressure ratio corresponding to the peak efficiency point increase. Detailed flow fields at peak efficiency point with different IGV angles are described and analysed to study the influence of IGV variability on the transonic rotor and even the stator. The work in this paper may give guidance for design of transonic axial compressor stage and also determination of the operation of 1.5 stage transonic compressor with VIGV.
Strategies for the Production of Molecular Animations
Authors: Werner Erik
Published: May 2022

Molecular animations play an increasing role in scientific visualisation and science communication. They engage viewers through non-fictional, documentary type storytelling and aim at advancing the audience. Every scene of a molecular animation is to be designed to secure clarity. To achieve this, knowledge on design principles from various design fields is essential. The relevant principles help to draw attention, guide the eye, establish relationships, convey dynamics and/or trigger a reaction. The tools of general graphic design are used to compose a signature frame, those of cinematic storytelling and user interface design to choreograph the relative movement of characters and cameras. Clarity in a scientific visualisation is reached by simplification and abstraction where the choice of the adequate representation is of great importance. A large set of illustration styles is available to chose the appropriate detail level but they are constrained by the availability of experimental data. For a high-quality molecular animation, data from different sources can be integrated, even filling the structural gaps to show a complete picture of the native biological situation. For maintaining scientific authenticity it is good practice to mark use of artistic licence which ensures transparency and accountability. The design of motion requires knowledge from molecule kinetics and kinematics. With biological macromolecules, four types of motion are most relevant: thermal motion, small and large conformational changes and Brownian motion. The principles of dynamic realism should be respected as well as the circumstances given in the crowded cellular environment. Ultimately, consistent complexity is proposed as overarching principle for the production of molecular animations and should be achieved between communication objective and abstraction/simplification, audience expertise and scientific complexity, experiment and representation, characters and environment as well as structure and motion representation.
Clean Style Recovery and Utilization of Residual Nutrients in Effluents From Biohydrogen Production: In Situ Immobilization Based on Sodium Alginate
Authors: Ai Fuke , Zhang Yang , Fan Xiaoni , Li Yameng , Zhang Haorui , Jiao Yinggang , Zhang Quanguo , Yong Cheng , Zhao Jinfei , Petracchini Francesco , Paolini Valerio , Zhang Zhiping
Published: May 2022

Clean- and high-value recovery and reuse of the residue of biohydrogen production (biohydrogen slurry) is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, sodium alginate (SA) gel was used to concentrate nutrients quickly in situ from biohydrogen slurry, which was prepared into gel microspheres (GMs), just like “capsule.” The immobilization and release efficiency of conventional and reverse spherification were investigated. Better immobilization and release efficiency were detected under the conventional spherification method. The effect of GM sizes and concentrations of SA and calcium chloride (CaCl2) was further studied in terms of sphericity factor, nutrient release, yield, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity. The best immobilization effect was obtained with a 1.6-mm syringe needle, 3.0 wt% SA, and 6 wt% CaCl2, in which the sphericity factor, nitrogen release, yield, nitrogen encapsulation efficiency, and nitrogen loading capacity reached to 0.047, 96.20, 77.68, 38.37, and 0.0476%, respectively. This process not only avoids environmental pollution from biohydrogen slurry but also uses them at a high value as a fertilizer to nourish the soil. The feasibility of “slurry capsule” preparation will realize the clean recovery and reuse of biohydrogen slurry, which provides a new idea for ecological protection and carbon neutral goals and has important significance for sustainable development.
Synthesis of Fluorescent Sulfur Quantum Dots for Bioimaging and Biosensing
Authors: Ruan Hong , Zhou Li
Published: May 2022

The rapid industrialization has had a serious impact on the environment, leading to an increase in disease and healthcare problems. The development of simple and effective biosensors to achieve specific analyte detection and bioimaging can provide useful information for disease prevention and treatment. Sulfur quantum dots (SQDs), a new class of metal-free fluorescent nanomaterial, are being studied and applied in diagnostic fields such as bioimaging and biosensing due to their advantages of simple synthetic process, unique composition, ultrasmall size, adjustable fluorescence, and low toxicity. This minireview highlights the main synthetic methods to synthesize fluorescent SQDs and their recent progress in cell and tissue imaging, as well as detection of biomolecules, metal ions, and temperature. Finally, the future development and some critical challenges of SQDs as a fluorescent probe in the field of bioimaging and biosensing are also discussed.
The Osteoinductivity of Calcium Phosphate-Based Biomaterials: A Tight Interaction With Bone Healing
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Shu Tianyu , Wang Silin , Liu Zhongbo , Cheng Yilong , Li Ang , Pei Dandan
Published: May 2022

Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based bioceramics are the most widely used synthetic biomaterials for reconstructing damaged bone. Accompanied by bone healing process, implanted materials are gradually degraded while bone ultimately returns to its original geometry and function. In this progress report, we reviewed the complex and tight relationship between the bone healing response and CaP-based biomaterials, with the emphasis on the in vivo degradation mechanisms of such material and their osteoinductive properties mediated by immune responses, osteoclastogenesis and osteoblasts. A deep understanding of the interaction between biological healing process and biomaterials will optimize the design of CaP-based biomaterials, and further translate into effective strategies for biomaterials customization.
Development of a Cognitive Digital Twin for Building Management and Operations
Authors: El Mokhtari Karim , Panushev Ivan , McArthur J. J.
Published: May 2022

Cognitive Digital Twins (CDTs) are defined as capable of achieving some elements of cognition, notably memory (encoding and retrieval), perception (creating useful data representations), and reasoning (outlier and event detection). This paper presents the development of a CDT, populated by construction information, facility management data, and data streamed from the Building Automation System (BAS). Advanced machine learning was enabled by access to both real-time and historical data coupled with scalable cloud-based computational resources. Streaming data to the cloud has been implemented in existing architectures; to address security concerns from exposing building equipment to undesirable access, a secure streaming architecture from BACnet equipment to our research cloud is presented. Real-time data is uploaded to a high-performance scalable time-series database, while the ontology is stored on a relational database. Both data sources are integrated with Building Information Models (BIM) to aggregate, explore, and visualize information on demand. This paper presents a case study of a Digital Twin (DT) of an academic building where various capabilities of CDTs are demonstrated through a series of proof-of-concept examples. Drawing from our experience enhancing this implementation with elements of cognition, we present a development framework and reference architecture to guide future whole-building CDT research.
The ShGlomAssay Combines High-Throughput Drug Screening With Downstream Analyses and Reveals the Protective Role of Vitamin D3 and Calcipotriol on Podocytes
Authors: Ristov Marie-Christin , Lange Tim , Artelt Nadine , Nath Neetika , Kuss Andreas W. , Gehrig Jochen , Lindenmeyer Maja , Cohen Clemens D. , Gul Sheraz , Endlich Karlhans , Völker Uwe , Endlich Nicole
Published: May 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health burden affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. Podocytopathies are the main cause for the majority of CKD cases due to pathogenic morphological as well as molecular biological alterations of postmitotic podocytes. Podocyte de-differentiation is associated with foot process effacement subsequently leading to proteinuria. Since currently no curative drugs are available, high throughput screening methods using a small number of animals are a promising and essential tool to identify potential drugs against CKD in the near future. Our study presents the implementation of the already established mouse GlomAssay as a semi-automated high-throughput screening method—shGlomAssay—allowing the analysis of several hundreds of FDA-verified compounds in combination with downstream pathway analysis like transcriptomic and proteomic analyses from the same samples, using a small number of animals. In an initial prescreening we have identified vitamin D3 and its analog calcipotriol to be protective on podocytes. Furthermore, by using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and RNA sequencing, we found that mRNA and protein expression of nephrin, the vitamin D receptor and specific podocyte markers were significantly up-regulated due to vitamin D3- and calcipotriol-treatment. In contrast, kidney injury markers were significantly down-regulated. Additionally, we found that vitamin D3 and calcipotriol have had neither influence on the expression of the miR-21 and miR-30a nor on miR-125a/b, a miRNA described to regulate the vitamin D receptor. In summary, we advanced the established mouse GlomAssay to a semi-automated high-throughput assay and combined it with downstream analysis techniques by using only a minimum number of animals. Hereby, we identified the vitamin D signaling pathway as podocyte protective and to be counteracting their de-differentiation.
RAD51AP1 and RAD54L Can Underpin Two Distinct RAD51-Dependent Routes of DNA Damage Repair via Homologous Recombination
Authors: Selemenakis Platon , Sharma Neelam , Uhrig Mollie E. , Katz Jeffrey , Kwon Youngho , Sung Patrick , Wiese Claudia
Published: May 2022

Homologous recombination DNA repair (HR) is a complex DNA damage repair pathway and an attractive target of inhibition in anti-cancer therapy. To help guide the development of efficient HR inhibitors, it is critical to identify compensatory HR sub-pathways. In this study, we describe a novel synthetic interaction between RAD51AP1 and RAD54L, two structurally unrelated proteins that function downstream of the RAD51 recombinase in HR. We show that concomitant deletion of RAD51AP1 and RAD54L further sensitizes human cancer cell lines to treatment with olaparib, a Poly (adenosine 5′-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, to the DNA inter-strand crosslinking agent mitomycin C, and to hydroxyurea, which induces DNA replication stress. We also show that the RAD54L paralog RAD54B compensates for RAD54L deficiency, although, surprisingly, less extensively than RAD51AP1. These results, for the first time, delineate RAD51AP1- and RAD54L-dependent sub-pathways and will guide the development of inhibitors that target HR stimulators of strand invasion.
The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Xie Wei , Zhang Ming , Shi Yuhan , Xu Shaofen , Cheng Haoyu , Wu Lihong , Pathak Janak L. , Zheng Zhichao
Published: May 2022

Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are more easily available and frequently used for bone regeneration in clinics. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs involves complex regulatory networks affecting bone formation phenomena. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refer to RNAs that do not encode proteins, mainly including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, transfer RNA-derived small RNAs, etc. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies had revealed the regulatory role of ncRNAs in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. NcRNAs had both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. During the physiological condition, osteo-stimulatory ncRNAs are upregulated and osteo-inhibitory ncRNAs are downregulated. The opposite effects might occur during bone degenerative disease conditions. Intracellular ncRNAs and ncRNAs from neighboring cells delivered via exosomes participate in the regulatory process of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulatory role of ncRNAs on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during physiological and pathological conditions. We also discuss the prospects of the application of modulation of ncRNAs function in BMSCs to promote bone tissue regeneration in clinics.
RefRec+: Six Degree-of-Freedom Estimation for Smartphone Using Floor Reflecting Light
Authors: Sugimoto Masanori , Shimada Shota , Hashizume Hiromichi
Published: May 2022

This paper describes a novel visible light positioning (VLP) system called RefRec+ allowing to estimate the six degree-of-freedom (6DoF) of a smartphone. In most existing VLP systems, their front camera faces multiple light sources installed at different places on a ceiling to detect their direct signals. To overcome the problem of the limited field of views that causes failure to capture required numbers of light sources for positioning and that of the high computational complexity because of image processing to a large-sized pixel data, RefRec+ captures indirect lights from the light sources reflected via a floor. RefRec+ estimates the 2-D position of a point of interest (POI) by calculating the received signal strength of individual light sources using the floor image captured by the camera. Using 2-D positions of multiple POIs and the angle of arrival method, RefRec+ obtains the 6DoF of the smartphone. Several experiments to confirm the performance of RefRec+ were conducted. Experimental results in a room measuring 4.0 m × 4.0 m using nine POIs each of which consists of 32 × 32 pixels in a captured image showed that the absolute errors at the 90th percentile for the 3-D coordinates were 0.2073 m, 0.1713 m, and 0.002464 m along the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively, and for the pitch, roll, and yaw angles were 5.78, 5.69 and 3.96 degrees, respectively.
Hierarchy and Scale Influence the Western Monarch Butterfly Overwintering Microclimate
Authors: Saniee Kiana , Villablanca Francis
Published: May 2022

Migratory species are expected to demonstrate habitat selection that occurs at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Western monarch butterflies migrate seasonally to overwintering groves at geographically predictable locations along the coast of California. To date, overwintering habitat selection by western monarch butterflies has primarily been studied assuming the microclimate hypothesis. Specifically, that microclimate habitat selection occurs when monarchs form dense overwintering aggregations in overwintering groves. However, western monarch butterflies are migratory; thus, previous habitat selection studies could have commingled selection at different scales into a single local scale in the site of aggregation. Therefore, we explore monarch overwintering habitat selection to determine whether an explicit spatial framework is necessary. We studied nine groves on the coast of California, and at each we collected temperature, humidity, and light data from grove edges, grove interiors, and aggregation locations for several weeks during the overwintering season. We tested the hypothesis that monarchs aggregate in locations in groves that have a unique microclimate that is consistently selected across groves (the microclimate hypothesis). We find no evidence supporting the hypothesis that aggregation locations have a unique microclimate that differs significantly from that of other locations inside the grove or that aggregation locations are uniform in their microclimatic attributes across overwintering groves. Rather, we find that microclimatic attributes in aggregation locations vary spatially with latitude, and that aggregation conditions exist in a large portion of each grove. We conclude that it will be necessary to consider spatial effects when studying or managing western monarch butterfly overwintering habitats, and that interpretations of habitat selection to date likely commingle habitat selection on the local and geographical scales.
Hidden in Plain Sight: Detecting Invasive Species When They Are Morphologically Similar to Native Species
Authors: Fisher Samuel , Fisher Robert N. , Pauly Gregory B.
Published: May 2022

Early detection and rapid response (EDRR) can help mitigate and control invasive species outbreaks early on but its success is dependent on accurate identification of invasive species. We evaluated a novel outbreak in San Diego County, California of the Sonoran Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis sonorae) in order to confirm their spread as well as quantify how to better detect and potentially manage this invasive species in California. We found that A. sonorae went undetected for over two years due to its morphological similarity to native whiptails and that it has spread rapidly since they were first observed. There are two species of native California whiptails with which A. sonorae can be confused locally, the Orange-throated Whiptail (Aspidoscelis hyperythrus), and to a lesser extent the Tiger Whiptail (Aspidoscelis tigris). We review key diagnostic features to distinguish A. sonorae from native California whiptails. We also discuss how to efficiently use widely available community science tools to rapidly assess a novel invasive species outbreak and outline suggestions to help manage cryptic invasive species.