bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestão Escolar, Plano Nacional De Educação (Pne) E Base Nacional Comum Curricular (Bncc): Perspectivas Docentes
Authors: Marques Yasmin Santos , Santos Damião Bernardo Sousa , Farias Sidinei , Batista Wagner Roberto , Rocha Wânia Gonçalves Da
Published: October 2024

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as percepções dos professores sobre a gestão escolar, o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com quinze docentes de uma escola brasileira para captar suas opiniões e experiências. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar dos esforços para alinhar a gestão escolar com as diretrizes do PNE e da BNCC, existem desafios significativos, como a falta de recursos, a burocracia excessiva e a resistência à mudança. A análise indicou que a implementação da BNCC enfrenta dificuldades devido à necessidade de formação contínua e ao suporte inadequado, enquanto a gestão escolar luta para otimizar recursos e reduzir a carga administrativa. Conclui-se que a efetiva integração das políticas educacionais requer uma colaboração estreita entre gestores, professores e órgãos reguladores, além de estratégias para melhorar o suporte e a eficiência na gestão escolar. É fundamental abordar esses desafios para promover uma educação de qualidade que atenda às expectativas do PNE e da BNCC
Assessing Consumer Perception of Effective Health Service Delivery: A Study of The Perspectives of Users of Diocesan Health Services in Sunyani
Authors: Nasage Dr. Nestor Naabulee , Donkoh Dr. Kwasi Addai- , Yeboah Paul , Yonye Seidu
Published: October 2024

Background: The standard of the healthcare provided predicts a population's health. The purpose of this study is to comprehend how consumers perceive the effective management and provision of health services at the Diocesan Health Services in Sunyani, Ghana. Materials and Methods: The study used a mixed methodology in which both quantitative and qualitative data were utilized. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire were used to collect the data. The nested case study design approach was used for this investigation. The study was carried out in a few chosen facilities of Diocesan Health Services Sunyani. The sample included 331 people from the facilities. Respondents’ data were subjected to descriptive and inferential data analysis. Results: The findings revealed focused primary healthcare delivery, good management and leadership, community engagement, and integration of traditional and complementary medicine into the national health systems as quality healthcare. Conclusion: Users view increased accessibility, acceptability, availability, and good service outcomes as quality health service planning and delivery.
An experimental examination of alcohol consumption, alcohol expectancy, and self‐blame on willingness to report a hypothetical rape
Authors: Flowe Heather D. , Maltby John
Published: December 2017

This study experimentally examined the role of victim alcohol intoxication, and self‐blame in perceiving and reporting rape to the police using a hypothetical interactive rape scenario. Participants (N = 79) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (mean BAC = 0.07%) or tonic water before they engaged in the scenario. Alcohol expectancy was manipulated, and participant beliefs about the beverage they thought they had consumed and their feelings of intoxication were measured. Alcohol consumption and expectancy did not affect the likelihood that the nonconsensual intercourse depicted in the scenario was perceived and would be reported as rape. Participants with higher levels of self‐blame were less likely to say they would report the hypothetical rape. Self‐blame levels were higher for participants who believed they had consumed alcohol, and were associated with increased feelings of intoxication. The implications are discussed.
Strong Photoacoustic Signal Enhancement by Coating Gold Nanoparticles with Melanin for Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Repenko Tatjana , Rix Anne , Nedilko Alexander , Rose Jonas , Hermann Alina , Vinokur Rostislav , Moli Sheila , Cao‐Milàn Roberto , Mayer Martin , von Plessen Gero , Fery Andreas , De Laporte Laura , Lederle Wiltrud , Chigrin Dmitry N. , Kuehne Alexander J. C.
Published: December 2017

Photoacoustics is a powerful biomedical imaging and detection technique, because it is a noninvasive, nonionizing, and low‐cost method facilitating deep tissue penetration. However, suitable contrast agents need to be developed to increase the contrast for in vivo imaging. Gold nanoparticles are often discussed as potential sonophores due to their large absorption cross‐section and their tunable plasmon resonance. However, disadvantages such as toxicity and low photoacoustic efficiency in the tissue transparency window prevail, preventing their clinical application. As a result, there remains a strong need to develop colloidal photoacoustic contrast agents which absorb in the tissue transparency window, exhibit high photoacoustic signal, and are biocompatible. Here, a facile synthetic approach is presented to produce melanin shells around various gold nanoparticle geometries, from spheres to stars and rods. These hybrid particles show excellent dispersability, better biocompatibility, and augmented photoacoustic responses over the pure melanin or pristine gold particles, with a rod‐shape geometry leading to the highest performance. These experimental results are corroborated using numerical calculations and explain the improved photoacoustic performance with a thermal confinement effect. The applicability of melanin coated gold nanorods as gastrointestinal imaging probes in mouse intestine is showcased.
Orthorhombic Ti2O3: A Polymorph‐Dependent Narrow‐Bandgap Ferromagnetic Oxide
Authors: Li Yangyang , Weng Yakui , Yin Xinmao , Yu Xiaojiang , Kumar S. R. Sarath , Wehbe Nimer , Wu Haijun , Alshareef Husam N. , Pennycook Stephen J. , Breese Mark B. H. , Chen Jingsheng , Dong Shuai , Wu Tom
Published: December 2017

Magnetic semiconductors are highly sought in spintronics, which allow not only the control of charge carriers like in traditional electronics, but also the control of spin states. However, almost all known magnetic semiconductors are featured with bandgaps larger than 1 eV, which limits their applications in long‐wavelength regimes. In this work, the discovery of orthorhombic‐structured Ti2O3 films is reported as a unique narrow‐bandgap (≈0.1 eV) ferromagnetic oxide semiconductor. In contrast, the well‐known corundum‐structured Ti2O3 polymorph has an antiferromagnetic ground state. This comprehensive study on epitaxial Ti2O3 thin films reveals strong correlations between structure, electrical, and magnetic properties. The new orthorhombic Ti2O3 polymorph is found to be n‐type with a very high electron concentration, while the bulk‐type trigonal‐structured Ti2O3 is p‐type. More interestingly, in contrast to the antiferromagnetic ground state of trigonal bulk Ti2O3, unexpected ferromagnetism with a transition temperature well above room temperature is observed in the orthorhombic Ti2O3, which is confirmed by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements. Using first‐principles calculations, the ferromagnetism is attributed to a particular type of oxygen vacancies in the orthorhombic Ti2O3. The room‐temperature ferromagnetism observed in orthorhombic‐structured Ti2O3, demonstrates a new route toward controlling magnetism in epitaxial oxide films through selective stabilization of polymorph phases.
Functionally Antagonistic Hybrid Electrode with Hollow Tubular Graphene Mesh and Nitrogen‐Doped Crumpled Graphene for High‐Performance Ionic Soft Actuators
Authors: Tabassian Rassoul , Kim Jaehwan , Nguyen Van Hiep , Kotal Moumita , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: December 2017

Ionic soft actuators, which exhibit large mechanical deformations under low electrical stimuli, are attracting attention in recent years with the advent of soft and wearable electronics. However, a key challenge for making high‐performance ionic soft actuators with large bending deformation and fast actuation speed is to develop a stretchable and flexible electrode having high electrical conductivity and electrochemical capacitance. Here, a functionally antagonistic hybrid electrode with hollow tubular graphene meshes and nitrogen‐doped crumpled graphene is newly reported for superior ionic soft actuators. Three‐dimensional network of hollow tubular graphene mesh provides high electrical conductivity and mechanically resilient functionality on whole electrode domain. On the contrary, nitrogen‐doped wrinkled graphene supplies ultrahigh capacitance and stretchability, which are indispensably required for improving electrochemical activity in ionic soft actuators. Present results show that the functionally antagonistic hybrid electrode greatly enhances the actuation performances of ionic soft actuators, resulting in much larger bending deformation up to 620%, ten times faster rise time and much lower phase delay in a broad range of input frequencies. This outstanding enhancement mostly attributes to exceptional properties and synergistic effects between hollow tubular graphene mesh and nitrogen‐doped crumpled graphene, which have functionally antagonistic roles in charge transfer and charge injection, respectively.
Taking Photochromism beyond Visible: Direct One‐Photon NIR Photoswitches Operating in the Biological Window
Authors: Klaue Kristin , Garmshausen Yves , Hecht Stefan
Published: December 2017

The success of photopharmacology is inevitably tied to the availability of photoswitches, which can be operated within the biological window (λ=650–1450 nm) to maximize penetration in tissue. A general design strategy has been devised and a dihydropyrene derivative is described here that displays negative T‐type photochromism, allowing for efficient and nearly quantitative (95 %) switching induced by NIR light λ>800 nm. The thermal half‐life of the decolored ring‐open meta‐cyclophanediene isomer ranges from minutes to hours, depending on the solvent polarity and hence serves as a probe of the local environment. Due to the rather subtle geometrical differences between the two isomers, suitably modified NIR photoswitches are potential candidates for switching when bound in the pocket of the biological target, in principle allowing for reversible light‐induced inhibitor deactivation as an alternative approach to externally regulate biological functions.
The Mesomeric Effect of Thiazolium on non‐Kekulé Diradicals in Pichia stipitis Transketolase
Authors: Hsu Ning‐Shian , Wang Yung‐Lin , Lin Kuan‐Hung , Chang Chi‐Fon , Lyu Syue‐Yi , Hsu Li‐Jen , Liu Yu‐Chen , Chang Chin‐Yuan , Wu Chang‐Jer , Li Tsung‐Lin
Published: December 2017

It is theoretically plausible that thiazolium mesomerizes to congeners other than carbene in a low effective dielectric binding site; especially given the energetics and uneven electronegativity of carbene groups. However, such a phenomenon has never been reported. Nine crystal structures of transketolase obtained from Pichia stipitis (TKps) are reported with subatomic resolution, where thiazolium displays an extraordinary ring‐bending effect. The bent thiazolium congeners correlate with non‐Kekulé diradicals because there is no gain or loss of electrons. In conjunction with biophysical and biochemical analyses, it is concluded that ring bending is a result of tautomerization of thiazolium with its non‐ Kekulé diradicals, exclusively in the binding site of TKps. The chemophysical properties of these thiazolium mesomers may account for the great variety of reactivities carried out by thiamine–diphosphate‐containing (ThDP) enzymes. The stability of ThDP in living systems can be regulated by the levels of substrates, and hydration and dehydration, as well as diradical‐mediated oxidative degradation.
Research for SEBS/PPA compound‐modified asphalt
Authors: Zhang Feng , Hu Changbin , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2017

In this study, polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was used to modify styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS)‐modified asphalt further and decrease the SEBS content in asphalt. Different structural analysis methods including morphology observation, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis were used to investigate the structural characteristics of asphalt modified by SEBS or PPA before and after short‐ or long‐term thermal ageing. The study shows the suitable addition of PPA can improve the major physical and rheological properties of SEBS‐modified (SM) asphalt and the improved properties became more obvious with further ageing. 0.8 wt % PPA can replace 2 wt % SEBS in the modification. Morphology observation showed PPA increased the incompatibility between SEBS and asphalt. Thermal analysis showed PPA changed the energy consumption and mass loss of SM asphalt greatly at elevated temperatures and led to the more complex structural characteristics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46085.
Mineral Apposition Rates in Coronal Dentine of Mandibular First Molars in Soay Sheep: Results of a Fluorochrome Labeling Study
Authors: Kahle Patricia , Witzel Carsten , Kierdorf Uwe , Frölich Kai , Kierdorf Horst
Published: December 2017

We studied the spatio‐temporal variation of mineral apposition rate (MAR) in postnatally formed coronal dentine of mandibular first molars from Soay sheep repeatedly injected with different fluorochromes. MAR declined along the cuspal to cervical crown axis, and from early to late formed dentine, that is, from the dentine at the enamel‐dentine‐junction (EDJ) to the dentine adjacent to the dentine‐pulp‐interface (DPI). Highest mean MARs (about 21 µm/day) were recorded in cuspal dentine formed in the period of 28‐42 days after birth. Lowest values (<2 µm/day) were recorded in late‐formed (secondary) dentine close to the DPI. The high MARs recorded in the dentine of the cuspal crown portions enable the formation of a large tooth crown within a relatively short period of less than one year. The established MARs in the dentine of the different crown portions of sheep molars will allow a precise determination of the timing of stress events affecting dentine formation. They are also helpful for devising sampling protocols in studies of trace element or stable isotope distributions in sheep dentine aimed at assessing temporal variation of incorporation into forming dentine. Such data are useful in a variety of contexts, including, for example, the exposure to pollutants and the reconstruction of husbandry practices or feeding regimes. Anat Rec, 301:902–912, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrated 3‐D Flight Trajectory Tracking Control with Aerodynamic Constraints on Attitude and control Surfaces
Authors: Wang Xueyuan , Fang Hao , Dou Lihua , Chen Jie , Xin Bin
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a new 3‐D trajectory tracking problem for an uncertain high fidelity six‐degree‐of‐freedom (6‐DOF) aerodynamic system is considered. Instead of designing controllers for each subsystem separately, an integrated trajectory tracking control algorithm is proposed to exploit beneficial relationships among interacting subsystems. The high‐order aerodynamic model is first transformed into a quasi‐strict‐feedback form. Then, backstepping technique is utilized to resolve the coupling effect problem of three control channels resulting from the bank‐to‐turn (BTT) control mode. In addition, command filters are introduced to handle state and actuator constraints caused by the physical limitations and the coordinated turn requirement. Furthermore, the uncertain aerodynamic force and moment coefficients are reconstructed by using the B‐spline neural network approximation and adaptive learning approaches. With Lyapunov stability analysis, all the states in the closed‐loop system are shown to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SUUB), and the tracking errors will asymptotically converge into a small compact set around zero by properly adjusting the control parameters. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Alterations in gene expression in vitamin D‐deficiency: Down‐regulation of liver Cyp7a1 and renal Oat3 in mice
Authors: Quach Holly P. , Noh Keumhan , Hoi Stacie Y. , Bruinsma Adrie , Groothuis Geny M.M. , Li Albert P. , Chow Edwin C.Y. , Pang K. Sandy
Published: December 2017

The vitamin D‐deficient model, established in the C57BL/6 mouse after 8 weeks of feeding vitamin D‐deficient diets in the absence or presence of added calcium, was found associated with elevated levels of plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and plasma and liver cholesterol, and a reduction in cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (Cyp7a1, rate‐limiting enzyme for cholesterol metabolism) and renal Oat3 mRNA/protein expression levels. However, there was no change in plasma calcium and phosphate levels. Appraisal of the liver revealed an up‐regulation of mRNA expressions of the small heterodimer partner (Shp) and attenuation of Cyp7a1, which contributed to hypercholesterolemia in vitamin D‐deficiency. When vitamin D‐sufficient or D‐deficient mice were further rendered hypercholesterolemic with 3 weeks of feeding the respective, high fat/high cholesterol (HF/HC) diets, treatment with 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], active vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand, or vitamin D (cholecalciferol) to HF/HC vitamin D‐deficient mice lowered the cholesterol back to baseline levels. Cholecalciferol treatment partially restored renal Oat3 mRNA/protein expression back to that of vitamin D‐sufficient mice. When the protein expression of protein kinase C (PKC), a known, negative regulator of Oat3, was examined in murine kidney, no difference in PKC expression was observed for any of the diets with/without 1,25(OH)2D3/cholecalciferol treatment, inferring that VDR regulation of renal Oat3 did not involve PKC in mice. As expected, plasma calcium levels were not elevated by cholecalciferol treatment of vitamin D‐deficient mice, while 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment led to hypercalcemia. In conclusion, vitamin D‐deficiency resulted in down‐regulation of liver Cyp7a1 and renal Oat3, conditions that are alleviated upon replenishment of cholecalciferol.
Maximizing Scales Do Not Reliably Predict Maximizing Behavior in Decisions from Experience
Authors: Harman Jason L. , Weinhardt Justin M. , Gonzalez Cleotilde
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we explore the relationships between psychometric and behavioral measures of maximization in decisions from experience (DfE). In two experiments, we measured choice behavior in two experimental paradigms of DfE and self‐reported maximizing tendencies using three prominent scales of maximization. In the repeated consequentialist choice paradigm, participants made repeated choices between two unlabeled options and received consequential feedback on each trial. In the sampling paradigm, participants freely sampled from two options and received feedback on their sampling before making a single consequential choice. Individuals exhibited different degrees of maximizing behavior in both paradigms and across different payoff distributions, but none of the maximizing scales predicted this behavior. These results indicate that maximization scales address constructs that are different from the maximization behavior observed in DfE, and that these measures will need to be improved to reflect behavioral aspects of choice and search from experience. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
O4‐Alkylated‐2‐Deoxyuridine Repair by O6‐Alkylguanine DNA Alkyltransferase is Augmented by a C5‐Fluorine Modification
Authors: Sacre Lauralicia , O'Flaherty Derek K. , Archambault Philippe , Copp William , Peslherbe Gilles H. , Muchall Heidi M. , Wilds Christopher J.
Published: December 2017

Oligonucleotides containing various adducts, including ethyl, benzyl, 4‐hydroxybutyl and 7‐hydroxyheptyl groups, at the O4 atom of 5‐fluoro‐O4‐alkyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine were prepared by solid‐phase synthesis. UV thermal denaturation studies demonstrated that these modifications destabilised the duplex by approximately 10 °C, relative to the control containing 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that these modified duplexes all adopted a B‐form DNA structure. O6‐Alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) from humans (hAGT) was most efficient at repair of the 5‐fluoro‐O4‐benzyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine adduct, whereas the thymidine analogue was refractory to repair. The Escherichia coli AGT variant (OGT) was also efficient at removing O4‐ethyl and benzyl adducts of 5‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyuridine. Computational assessment of N1‐methyl analogues of the O4‐alkylated nucleobases revealed that the C5‐fluorine modification had an influence on reducing the electron density of the O4−Cα bond, relative to thymine (C5‐methyl) and uracil (C5‐hydrogen). These results reveal the positive influence of the C5‐fluorine atom on the repair of larger O4‐alkyl adducts to expand knowledge of the range of substrates able to be repaired by AGT.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Distinct Solid Stabilizer for Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Cao Qian , Cui Qianling , Yang Yu , Xu Jingsan , Han Chenhui , Li Lidong
Published: December 2017

g‐C3N4 has been found to be highly functional in many fields, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and chemical analysis. Pickering emulsion polymerization is a fascinating strategy to fabricate a range of nanomaterials, in which the emulsion is stabilized by solid particles, rather than molecular surfactants. Herein, we demonstrate that g‐C3N4 can act as a remarkable stabilizer for Pickering emulsion polymerization. Contrary to normal Pickering systems, monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with tunable size, surface charge, and morphology were achieved using this approach. Importantly, the g‐C3N4 hybridized latex is highly processable and has exhibited multiple functions: manufacture of photonic crystals via self‐organization, stabilizing Pickering emulsion owing to proper wettability, and acting as bioimaging agents with enriched fluorescent colors. Considering the easy synthesis and low cost of g‐C3N4, our approach has a high potential for scale‐up synthesis and practical translation.
Atrial fibrillation and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: A meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Vrsalović Mislav , Presečki Ana Vrsalović
Published: December 2017

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with adverse outcomes in terms of survival and morbidity. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and AF share several common risk factors and often coexist. Whether AF has a prognostic role in patients with PAD has not been extensively studied.

Hypothesis

AF is associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and mortality in symptomatic PAD patients.

Methods

Using MEDLINE and Scopus, we searched for studies published before December 2016 that evaluated cardiovascular outcomes based on the presence/absence of AF in a prospective manner with a follow‐up period of ≥12 months. The outcomes were reported using a random‐effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the contribution of each study to the overall results.

Results

Six prospective studies (Newcastle‐Ottawa score range, 7–9) with 14 656 patients were included in the final analysis (age range, 66–70 years; median follow‐up, 1.4 years). Our pooled analysis found a significant association between AF and mortality (odds ratio: 2.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.91‐3.34, I2 = 32.6%), without evidence of publication bias (P = 0.63). Meta‐analysis showed a significant impact of AF on MACE (odds ratio: 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.78‐3.63, I2 = 74.3%), without detected publication bias (P = 0.08).

Conclusions

AF is associated with increased risk of mortality and MACE in symptomatic PAD.
Impact of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Insights from the FRANCE‐2 registry
Authors: Puymirat Etienne , Didier Romain , Eltchaninoff Hélène , Lung Bernard , Collet Jean‐Philippe , Himbert Dominique , Durand Eric , Leguerrier Alain , Leprince Pascal , Fajadet Jean , Teiger Emmanuel , Chevreul Karine , Lièvre Michel , Tchetché Didier , Leclercq Florence , Chassaing Stéphan , Le Breton Hervé , Donzeau‐Gouge Patrick , Lefèvre Thierry , Carrié Didier , Gillard Martine , Blanchard Didier
Published: December 2017

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is common in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the impact of CAD distribution before TAVR on short‐ and long‐term prognosis remains unclear.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that the long‐term clinical impact differs according to CAD distribution in patients undergoing TAVR using the FRench Aortic National CoreValve and Edwards (FRANCE‐2) registry.

Methods

FRANCE‐2 is a national French registry including all consecutive TAVR performed between 2010 and 2012 in 34 centers. Three‐year mortality was assessed in relation to CAD status. CAD was defined as at least 1 coronary stenosis >50%.

Results

A total of 4201 patients were enrolled in the registry. For the present analysis, we excluded patients with a history of coronary artery bypass. CAD was reported in 1252 patients (30%). Half of the patients presented with coronary multivessel disease. CAD extent was associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk profile and in logistic EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) (from 19.3% ± 12.8% to 21.9% ± 13.5%, P < 0.001). Mortality at 30 days and 3 years was 9% and 44%, respectively, in the overall population. In multivariate analyses, neither the presence nor the extent of CAD was associated with mortality at 3 years (presence of CAD, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78‐1.07). A significant lesion of the left anterior descending (LAD) was associated with higher 3‐year mortality (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.10‐1.87).

Conclusions

CAD is not associated with decreased short‐ and long‐term survival in patients undergoing TAVR. The potential deleterious effect of LAD disease on long‐term survival and the need for revascularization before or at the time of TAVR should be validated in a randomized control trial.
Real‐world incidence of efficacy and safety outcomes in patients on direct oral anticoagulants with left ventricular systolic dysfunction at a tertiary referral center
Authors: Tseng Andrew S. , William Schleifer J. , Shen Win‐Kuang , McBane Robert , Mankad Sunil , Esser Heidi , Vucicevic Darko , Shamoun Fadi E.
Published: December 2017

Background

Patients with heart failure (HF) have increased risk for thromboembolic events. Real‐world incidences of efficacy and safety outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) are of growing clinical interest.

Hypothesis

Real‐world efficacy and safety outcomes of DOACs in patients with LVSD will be similar to those of LVSD or HF subgroups in the RE‐LY, ROCKET‐AF, and ARISTOTLE trials.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of adult patients with LVSD (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%) on DOAC therapy between 2010 and 2016. Incidences of safety and efficacy outcomes of anticoagulation with DOACs were extracted from primary and secondary hospital discharge diagnoses.

Results

DOACs were prescribed to 287 patients with LVSD over a mean follow‐up of 313.3 ± 52.3 days. Many patients had moderate and severe chronic kidney disease (28.9% and 10.1%, respectively) and indications for anticoagulation therapy other than atrial fibrillation (19.9%). For efficacy outcomes, the calculated incidence rates of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism were 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25‐3.56) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.10‐2.94) events per 100 person‐years, respectively. For the safety outcomes, incidence rates of GI bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage were 2.4 (95% CI: 0.8‐5.3) and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.1‐2.2) events per 100 patient‐years, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings are largely compatible with the results of LVSD or HF subgroups in RE‐LY, ROCKET‐AF, and ARISTOTLE trials and add to increasing confidence that DOACs can be safely used for stroke and systemic embolism prevention in patients with LVSD.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Treosulfan in Patients With Thalassemia Major Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Mohanan Ezhilpavai , Panetta John C. , Lakshmi Kavitha M. , Edison Eunice S. , Korula Anu , NA Fouzia , Abraham Aby , Viswabandya Auro , George Biju , Mathews Vikram , Srivastava Alok , Balasubramanian Poonkuzhali
Published: December 2017

A treosulfan (Treo)‐based conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been successfully used in treating hematological malignant and nonmalignant diseases. We report Treo pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with thalassemia major undergoing HSCT (n = 87), receiving Treo at a dose of 14 g/m2/day. Median Treo AUC and clearance (CL) was 1,326 mg*h/L and 10.8 L/h/m2, respectively. There was wide interindividual variability in Treo AUC and CL (64 and 68%) which was not explained by any of the variables tested. None of the Treo PK parameters were significantly associated with graft rejection or toxicity; however, Treo CL <7.97 L/h/m2 was significantly associated with poor overall (hazard ratio (HR) 2.7, confidence interval (CI) (1.09–6.76), P = 0.032) and event‐free survival (HR 2.4, CI (0.98–5.73), P = 0.055). Further studies in a larger cohort are warranted to identify the factors explaining the variation in Treo PK as well as to establish a therapeutic range of Treo for targeted dose adjustment to improve HSCT outcome.
How to Enhance Green Service and Green Product Innovation Performance? The Roles of Inward and Outward Capabilities
Authors: Chang Ching‐Hsun
Published: December 2017

The findings highlight the differences between inward and outward capabilities in Taiwanese service and manufacturing industries. The purpose of this study is to develop an original framework to explore the effects of both outward and inward capabilities on competitive advantage with green service or green product innovation performance as a mediator. In this study, environmental scanning is considered the outward capability and the locus of planning is considered the inward capability. In total, 202 and 161 valid questionnaires were returned from service and manufacturing companies, respectively. In the service industry, if companies would like to increase their green service innovation performance, they should enhance both environmental scanning capability and locus of planning. But in manufacturing industry, if companies would like to increase their green product innovation performance, they should only enhance environmental scanning capability. By addressing the constructs, this study presents a novel perspective on green innovation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Pharmacological interaction of α‐bisabolol and diclofenac on nociception, inflammation, and gastric integrity in rats
Authors: Ortiz Mario I. , Cariño‐Cortés Raquel , Ponce‐Monter Héctor A. , Castañeda‐Hernández Gilberto , Chávez‐Piña Aracely Evangelina
Published: December 2017

Preclinical Research & Development

The combination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with herbal products having analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects may increase their beneficial effects and limit their side effects. In this study, the effects of an interaction between α‐bisabolol and the NSAID, diclofenac on nociception (formalin test), inflammation (paw inflammation produced by carrageenan) and gastric injury in rat was assessed. Diclofenac, α‐bisabolol, or diclofenac–α‐bisabolol combinations produced antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory effects in rat (p < .05). The systemic administration of diclofenac, but not α‐bisabolol, produced gastric damage while the diclofenac–α‐bisabolol combinations produced limited gastric damage. Effective dose (ED40) values were determined for each individual drug and analyzed isobolographically. The theoretical ED40 values for the antinociceptive (98.89 mg/kg) and the anti‐inflammatory (41.2 mg/kg) effects differed from the experimental ED40 values (antinociception: 38.7 mg/kg and anti‐inflammation: 13.4 mg/kg). We concluded that the interactions between diclofenac and α‐bisabolol are synergistic. These data suggest that the diclofenac–α‐bisabolol combinations can interact to produce minor gastric damage, thereby offering a safer therapeutic alternative for the clinical management of inflammation and/or inflammatory pain.
ConR: An R package to assist large‐scale multispecies preliminary conservation assessments using distribution data
Authors: Dauby Gilles , Stévart Tariq , Droissart Vincent , Cosiaux Ariane , Deblauwe Vincent , Simo‐Droissart Murielle , Sosef Marc S. M. , Lowry Porter P. , Schatz George E. , Gereau Roy E. , Couvreur Thomas L. P.
Published: December 2017

The Red List Categories and the accompanying five criteria developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) provide an authoritative and comprehensive methodology to assess the conservation status of organisms. Red List criterion B, which principally uses distribution data, is the most widely used to assess conservation status, particularly of plant species. No software package has previously been available to perform large‐scale multispecies calculations of the three main criterion B parameters [extent of occurrence (EOO), area of occupancy (AOO) and an estimate of the number of locations] and provide preliminary conservation assessments using an automated batch process. We developed ConR, a dedicated R package, as a rapid and efficient tool to conduct large numbers of preliminary assessments, thereby facilitating complete Red List assessment. ConR (1) calculates key geographic range parameters (AOO and EOO) and estimates the number of locations sensu IUCN needed for an assessment under criterion B; (2) uses this information in a batch process to generate preliminary assessments of multiple species; (3) summarize the parameters and preliminary assessments in a spreadsheet; and (4) provides a visualization of the results by generating maps suitable for the submission of full assessments to the IUCN Red List. ConR can be used for any living organism for which reliable georeferenced distribution data are available. As distributional data for taxa become increasingly available via large open access datasets, ConR provides a novel, timely tool to guide and accelerate the work of the conservation and taxonomic communities by enabling practitioners to conduct preliminary assessments simultaneously for hundreds or even thousands of species in an efficient and time‐saving way.
Are there morphological and life‐history traits under climate‐dependent differential selection in S TunesianDiplotaxis harra(Forssk.) Boiss. (Brassicaceae) populations?
Authors: Oberprieler Christoph , Zimmer Claudia , Bog Manuela
Published: December 2017

Adaptation of morphological, physiological, or life‐history traits of a plant species to heterogeneous habitats through the process of natural selection is a paramount process in evolutionary biology. We have used a population genomic approach to disentangle selection‐based and demography‐based variation in morphological and life‐history traits in the cruciferDiplotaxis harra(Forssk.) Boiss. (Brassicaceae) encountered in populations along aridity gradients in S Tunisia. We have genotyped 182 individuals from 12 populations of the species ranging from coastal to semidesert habitats using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting and assessed a range of morphological and life‐history traits from their progeny cultivated under common‐garden conditions. Application of three different statistical approaches for searchingAFLPloci under selection allowed us to characterize candidate loci, for which their association with the traits assessed was tested for statistical significance and correlation with climate data. As a key result of this study, we find that only the shape of cauline leaves seems to be under differential selection along the aridity gradient in S Tunisian populations ofDiplotaxis harra,while for all other traits studied neutral biogeographical and/or random factors could not be excluded as explanation for the variation observed. The counter‐intuitive finding that plants from populations with more arid habitats produce broader leaves under optimal conditions of cultivation than those from more mesic habitats is interpreted as being ascribable to selection for a higher plasticity in this trait under more unpredictable semidesert conditions compared to the more predictable ones in coastal habitats.
Arid5a stabilizes OX40 mRNA in murine CD4+ T cells by recognizing a stem‐loop structure in its 3′UTR
Authors: Hanieh Hamza , Masuda Kazuya , Metwally Hozaifa , Chalise Jaya P. , Mohamed Maged , Nyati Kishan K. , Standley Daron M. , Li Songling , Higa Mitsuru , Zaman Mohammad M. , Kishimoto Tadamitsu
Published: December 2017

AT‐rich interactive domain‐containing protein 5a (Arid5a) is an RNA‐binding protein (RBP) required for autoimmunity via stabilization of interleukin‐6 (Il6) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNAs. However, the roles of Arid5a in Th17 cells and its association with autoimmunity remain unknown. Here, we show that the levels of Arid5a and OX40 are correlated in CD4+ T cells under Th17 conditions in an IL‐6‐dependent manner. Lack of Arid5a in T cells reduced OX40 expression levels and repressed IL‐17 production in response to OX40 ligation. Arid5a stabilized OX40 mRNA by recognizing the alternative decay element (ADE)‐like stem‐loop (SL) in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). Interestingly, Arid5a impaired the RNA‐destabilizing functions of Regnase‐1 and Roquin‐1 on OX40 ADE‐like SL. In EAE, Arid5a‐deficient mice exhibited resistance to EAE, with reduced OX40 expression in CD4+ T cells, and the number of CD4+CD45+ T cells was decreased in CNS. Furthermore, ameliorated EAE was induced by adoptive transfer of Arid5a−/− encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells expressing less OX40 mRNA and producing less IL‐17. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the Arid5a/OX40 axis in CD4+ T cells may have important implications in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as EAE.
Unexpected Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of BODIPY: Preparation of the BODIPY–TEMPO Triad Showing Radical‐Enhanced Intersystem Crossing
Authors: Xu Kejing , Sukhanov Andrey A. , Zhao Yingjie , Zhao Jianzhang , Ji Wei , Peng Xiaojun , Escudero Daniel , Jacquemin Denis , Voronkova Violeta K.
Published: December 2017

We have discovered a new and unexpected substitution reaction of BODIPY. Through single‐crystal XRD analysis, DFT calculations, and other complimentary spectroscopic methods, we have confirmed that the molecular structural assignment of the previously reported nucleophilic substitution of the halogenated carbon atom at the meso position of BODIPY was inaccurate. Indeed, in these substitution reactions, the amino attaches to the methyl group at the 3‐ or 5‐position and not on the meso‐carbon of the BODIPY core. As a result of this unexpected substitution reaction, we prepared a BODIPY dimer, attached to the stable radical TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxyl). We confirmed the efficient formation of the triplet state (ΦΔ = 59 %, τT = 2.8 µs) of this BODIPY–TEMPO triad through the radical‐enhanced intersystem crossing mechanism by using nanosecond time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. Through time‐resolved EPR spectroscopy, the doublet (spin angular momentum quantum number S = 1/2) and quartet (S = 3/2) states of the triad were observed. Moreover, we observed a strong intramolecular ground‐state interaction between the BODIPY chromophores in the triad, which shows new spectral features different to those of H‐ or J‐aggregates and the exciton coupling effect. These TEMPO‐labeled compounds were used as triplet photosensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion (quantum yield ΦUC = 4.7 %).
How well can we simulate complex hydro‐geomorphic process chains? The 2012 multi‐lake outburst flood in the Santa Cruz Valley (Cordillera Blanca, Perú)
Authors: Mergili Martin , Emmer Adam , Juřicová Anna , Cochachin Alejo , Fischer Jan‐Thomas , Huggel Christian , Pudasaini Shiva P.
Published: December 2017

Changing high‐mountain environments are characterized by destabilizing ice, rock or debris slopes connected to evolving glacial lakes. Such configurations may lead to potentially devastating sequences of mass movements (process chains or cascades). Computer simulations are supposed to assist in anticipating the possible consequences of such phenomena in order to reduce the losses. The present study explores the potential of the novel computational tool r.avaflow for simulating complex process chains. r.avaflow employs an enhanced version of the Pudasaini () general two‐phase mass flow model, allowing consideration of the interactions between solid and fluid components of the flow. We back‐calculate an event that occurred in 2012 when a landslide from a moraine slope triggered a multi‐lake outburst flood in the Artizón and Santa Cruz valleys, Cordillera Blanca, Peru, involving four lakes and a substantial amount of entrained debris along the path. The documented and reconstructed flow patterns are reproduced in a largely satisfactory way in the sense of empirical adequacy. However, small variations in the uncertain parameters can fundamentally influence the behaviour of the process chain through threshold effects and positive feedbacks. Forward simulations of possible future cascading events will rely on more comprehensive case and parameter studies, but particularly on the development of appropriate strategies for decision‐making based on uncertain simulation results. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oropharynx‐directed ipsilateral irradiation for p16‐positive squamous cell carcinoma involving the cervical lymph nodes of unknown primary origin
Authors: Chen Allen M. , Meshman Jessica , Hsu Sophia , Yoshizaki Taeko , Abemayor Elliot , John Maie St.
Published: December 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to present our findings on the use of limited‐field, oropharynx‐directed ipsilateral irradiation for p16‐positive squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin.

Methods

Between April 2011 and January 2016, 25 patients with a histological diagnosis of p16‐positive squamous cell carcinoma were selectively irradiated to the ipsilateral oropharynx and cervical neck for tumors of unknown primary origin. The dose to the oropharynx ranged from 54‐60 Gy (median 60 Gy) in 30‐33 fractions. Concurrent cisplatin‐based chemotherapy was administered to 8 patients (32%).

Results

The actuarial 2‐year estimates of locoregional control, progression‐free survival, and overall survival were 91%, 87%, and 92%, respectively. One patient failed in the contralateral neck. There was no grade 3 + toxicity in either the acute or late setting.

Conclusion

Oropharynx‐directed, ipsilateral radiation results in disease control that compares favorably with historical controls treated by comprehensive mucosal and bilateral neck radiation.
Transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the era of human papillomavirus
Authors: Mahmoud Omar , Sung Kim , Civantos Francisco J. , Thomas Giovanna R. , Samuels Michael A.
Published: December 2017

Background

The emergence of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) ignited the debate between surgical and nonsurgical strategies on oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) management; a question further complicated by human papillomavirus (HPV). We evaluated the survival by treatment strategy independently in HPV‐related and HPV‐nonrelated oropharyngeal SCC.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with oropharyngeal SCC with known HPV status who underwent primary TORS or primary radiotherapy. The overall survival (OS) was compared by treatment strategy, including propensity matching to control for confounders.

Results

Of 1873 patients, 73% were HPV‐positive and 30% were treated with TORS. The propensity‐matched patients with HPV‐positive disease displayed no significant difference in 3‐year survival; 95% versus 91% (P = .116) for the TORS versus primary radiotherapy. In the HPV‐negative cohort, TORS was associated with superior survival; 84% versus 66% (P = .01).

Conclusion

The TORS‐based approach was associated with superior survival in patients with HPV‐negative oropharyngeal SCC; similar difference was not observed in patients with HPV‐positive disease.
American Thyroid Association ultrasound system for the initial assessment of thyroid nodules: Use in stratifying the risk of malignancy of indeterminate lesions
Authors: Trimboli Pierpaolo , Deandrea Maurilio , Mormile Alberto , Ceriani Luca , Garino Francesca , Limone Paolo P. , Giovanella Luca
Published: December 2017

Background

The ultrasound risk stratification system of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) is frequently adopted in clinical practice. Here, we evaluated its performance in a series of nodules with indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) report.

Methods

Indeterminate thyroid nodules diagnosed at 2 medical centers were retrospectively screened, ultrasound images were reevaluated, and lesions were classified according to the ATA. Single ultrasound parameters were also analyzed.

Results

One hundred seventy‐three indeterminate lesions were included with 24.8% of malignancy. The high suspicion class showed a cancer rate (75%) significantly (P < .001) higher than that recorded in the other categories (16.8%). Between ultrasound parameters, halo and microcalcifications were the most sensitive and specific ones. The most accurate receiver operating characteristic (ROC)‐derived cutoff of nodule's diameter was >4.1 cm. At multivariate analysis, only the ATA class of high suspicion and size >4.1 cm were significantly associated with cancer (odds ratios [ORs] 19.4 and 5.4, respectively).

Conclusion

The ATA ultrasound system is reliable in the risk stratification of indeterminate thyroid lesions.
In vitro toxicity assessment of nanocrystals in tissue‐type cells and macrophage cells
Authors: Chen Meiling , Li Ying , Zhou Jiezhao , Yang Zhenbo , Wang Zhiyuan , Yang Yang , Zhang Hui , Li Zhiping , Mei Xingguo
Published: December 2017

Nanocrystals (NCs), a type of innovative material particle, are a potential drug delivery platform that aims to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. However, due to the lack of consideration of their toxicity, existing studies have not investigated whether the nanoscale properties of NCs, such as particle sizes, may lead to NC‐induced toxicity. Because of the disparity between the rapid development of NCs and the lack of studies regarding NC toxicity, the present study investigated possible NC toxicity and clarified the relationship between particle sizes and NC toxicity. RAW264.7 and HepG2 cells were chosen as representatives of macrophage cells and tissue‐type cells, respectively. Monosodium urate NCs were used as a drug model. Different particle sizes of monosodium urate NCs were prepared using precipitation methods. Methyl tetrazolium, lactate dehydrogenase, oxidative stress and apoptosis/necrosis assays were then used to evaluate cell damage and recovery. The results showed that small NC particle sizes produced higher toxicity than larger ones. In immune cells, these cytotoxic effects were greater than in tissue cells. After removal of small NCs, tissue cell damage could be significantly reversed, while immune cells were only slightly restored. However, after removal of large NCs, both cell types had almost no recovery. In summary, despite conventional wisdom, our research confirmed that NCs are not very safe and that NC particle sizes are closely related to the degree of NC toxicity.