bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of BCL‐2 Targeting PROTACs
Authors: Bricelj Aleša , Dora Ng Yuen Lam , Gobec Martina , Kuchta Robert , Hu Wanyi , Javornik Špela , Rožič Miha , Gütschow Michael , Zheng Guangrong , Krönke Jan , Steinebach Christian , Sosič Izidor
Published: May 2024

BCL‐2, a member of the BCL‐2 protein family, is an antiapoptotic factor that regulates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Due to its aberrant activity, it is frequently implicated in haematopoietic cancers and represents an attractive target for the development of therapeutics that antagonize its activity. A selective BCL‐2 inhibitor, venetoclax, was approved for treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and other haematologic malignancies, validating BCL‐2 as an anticancer target. Since then, alternative therapeutic approaches to modulate the activity of BCL‐2 have been explored, such as antibody‐drug conjugates and proteolysis‐targeting chimeras. Despite numerous research groups focusing on developing degraders of BCL‐2 family member proteins, selective BCL‐2 PROTACs remain elusive, as disclosed compounds only show dual BCL‐xL/BCL‐2 degradation. Herein, we report our efforts to develop BCL‐2 degraders by incorporating two BCL‐2 binding moieties into chimeric compounds that aim to hijack one of three E3 ligases: CRBN, VHL, and IAPs. Even though our project did not result in obtaining a potent and selective BCL‐2 PROTAC, our research will aid in understanding the narrow chemical space of BCL‐2 degraders.
On the Electrochemical Growth of a Crystalline p–n Junction From Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Felici Roberto , Baroni Tommaso , Carlà Francesco , Cioffi Nicola , Di Benedetto Francesco , Fontanesi Claudio , Giaccherini Andrea , Giurlani Walter , Gonidec Mathieu , Lavacchi Alessandro , Berretti Enrico , Marcantelli Patrick , Montegrossi Giordano , Bonechi Marco , Picca Rosaria A. , Poggini Lorenzo , Russo Francesca , Sportelli Maria C. , Torsi Luisa , Innocenti Massimo
Published: May 2024

Our society largely relies on inorganic semiconductor devices which are, so far, fabricated using expensive and complex processes requiring ultra‐high vacuum equipment. Here we report on the possibility of growing a p–n junction taking advantage of electrochemical processes based on the use of aqueous solutions. The growth of the junction has been carried out using the Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (E‐ALD) technique, which allowed to sequentially deposit two different semiconductors, CdS and Cu2S, on an Ag(111) substrate, in a single procedure. The growth process was monitored in situ by Surface X‐Ray Diffraction (SXRD) and resulted in the fabrication of a thin double‐layer structure with a high degree of crystallographic order and a well‐defined interface. The high‐performance electrical characteristics of the device were analysed ex‐situ and show the characteristic feature of a diode.
Optimizing Photocatalytic H2 Production by Introduction of Pyrazinyls to WRCs and a New tris‐Rhenium Photosensitizer
Authors: Grundmann Nora S. , Heydari Neda , Jäggi Sarah I. , Blacque Olivier , Alberto Roger
Published: May 2024

The replacement of pyridyl by pyrazinyl in ligands of polypyridyl‐based cobalt water reducing catalysts (WRC) shifts reduction potentials anodically. Together with a new, trinuclear ReI photosensitizer, these WRCs show strongly improved photocatalytic performances in turnover numbers (TONs) and maximal H2 evolution rate. Depending on the catalyst structure, up to 65 kTONs at 1 μM WRC concentration were reached. Under electrocatalytic conditions in both DMF and H2O, one of the reported WRCs displays remarkable stability, producing H2 steadily over 21 and 14 d, respectively.
Arylazo‐3,5‐diphenylpyrazole Derivatives: Molecular Probes Exhibiting Reversible Light‐induced Phase Transitions for Energy Storage and Direct Photolithographic Patterning
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Parthiban Gayathri , Velloth Archana , Saini Jyoti , De Ritobrata , Pal Santanu Kumar , Hazra Kiran Shankar , Venkataramani Sugumar
Published: May 2024

We report azopyrazole photoswitches decorated with variable N‐alkyl and alkoxy chains (for hydrophobic interactions) and phenyl substituents on the pyrazoles (enabling π‐π stacking), showing efficient bidirectional photoswitching and reversible light‐induced phase transition (LIPT). Extensive spectroscopic, microscopic, and diffraction studies and computations confirmed the manifestation of molecular‐level interactions and photoisomerization into macroscopic changes leading to the LIPT phenomena. Using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies, the energetics associated with those accompanying processes were estimated. The long half‐lives of Z isomers, high energy contents for isomerization and phase transitions, and the stability of phases over an extended temperature range (−60 to 80 °C) make them excellent candidates for energy storage and release applications. Remarkably, the difference in the solubility of the distinct phases in one of the derivatives allowed us to utilize it as a photoresist in photolithography applications on diverse substrates.
A person‐centered perspective on employees' human resource management values and their implication for organizational commitment
Authors: Drouin‐Rousseau Sophie , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Fernet Claude , Austin Stéphanie , Fabi Bruno
Published: May 2024

Human resource management (HRM) practices and their associations with employees' job attitudes and behaviors are well‐established, although the psychological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Based on the ability‐motivation‐opportunity framework, we propose that employees' HRM values play a key role in these associations. Specifically, we propose that employees' perceptions of the HRM practices present in their organization will predict their HRM value profiles which, in turn, will predict their levels of commitment. Latent profile analyses revealed four profiles characterized by very low, low, moderate, and high levels of HRM values. Our results suggest that ability‐enhancing practices play an active role in employees' organizational commitment by shaping their HRM values.
Porous GaP/g‐C3N4 Photoanode for Enhanced Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yuan Hao , Zheng Maojun , Yang Ying , Gao Jiaheng , Chen Hao , Fan Yunlong , Li Yinghong , Ma Li , Wang Guohua , Shen Wenzhong
Published: May 2024

The g‐C3N4 decorated porous gallium phosphide have been fabricated by a facile electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. The morphology, element composition and light absorption of the GaP/g‐C3N4 photoanode were observed using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer, respectively. When acting as photoanode, porous GaP/g‐C3N4 serves as a direct Z‐scheme system, where photogenerated holes in GaP are expended by electrons generated from the g‐C3N4, inhibiting the corrosion of GaP. Therefore, the porous GaP/g‐C3N4 showed a larger photocurrent density, which is 2.1 times as large as that of the porous GaP without g‐C3N4, and a more stable photocurrent density for over 10000 s (at 0 V vs RHE). Thus, this work delivers a practical way to improve the photoelectrochemical stability and property of III–V semiconductor materials, which could be used in solar energy conversion fields.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Aluminum Hydroxide Hydrogels‐Based Nanocomposites with Modulated Optical Properties
Authors: Segovia Gustavo M. , Huck‐Iriart Cristián , Oestreicher Víctor , Angelomé Paula C.
Published: May 2024

In this work, the one‐pot synthesis of composites constituted by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and aluminum hydroxide hydrogels (AlHG) by employing the Epoxide Route is presented. To modulate the optical properties of the final composites, different anions (X=
,
,
and
) were used as nucleophile, complexing and growth directing agents of the AuNPs. In addition, the concentration of the reactants, e. g., the X : Cl ratio, was set in such a way to preserve the alkalization rate, the transparency of the hydrogels supporting the AuNPs, and the stability of the final composites. Consequently, the composites exhibit different plasmonic properties, resulting from the AuNPs with different sizes and morphologies, as confirmed through transmission electron microscopy, depending on the nature of the employed anion, exclusively. Furthermore, this versatile one‐pot synthesis strategy was employed to design new composites with different I : Cl ratio and synthesize stable colloidal AuNPs within an aluminum hydroxide sol (AuNP@Alsol) without adding any conventional capping agent. This AuNP@Alsol composite can be used as seed to accelerate the extremely slow AuNPs formation kinetics in AuNP@AlHG(SCN), demonstrating the potential of this synthesis method to create composites susceptible to be applied in the photonic and catalysis areas.
Synthesis and Photo/Radiation Chemical Characterization of a New Redox‐Stable Pyridine‐Triazole Ligand
Authors: Al‐Romema Abdulaziz A. , Plass Fabian , Nizovtsev Alexey V. , Kahnt Axel , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: May 2024

Photocatalysis using transition‐metal complexes is widely considered the future of effective and affordable clean‐air technology. In particular, redox‐stable, easily accessible ligands are decisive. Here, we report a straightforward and facile synthesis of a new highly stable 2,6‐bis(triazolyl)pyridine ligand, containing a nitrile moiety as a masked anchoring group, using copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction. The reported structure mimics the binding motif of uneasy to synthesize ligands. Pulse radiolysis under oxidizing and reducing conditions provided evidence for the high stability of the formed radical cation and radical anion 2,6‐di(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐pyridine compound, thus indicating the feasibility of utilizing this as a ligand for redox active metal complexes and the sensitization of metal‐oxide semiconductors (e. g., TiO2 nanoparticles or nanotubes).
Comparative assessment of flexural strength of monolithic zirconia with different thicknesses and two sintering techniques
Authors: Karbasian Nilofar , Fathi Amirhossein , Givehchian Pirooz , Nosouhian Saeed , Jamshidian Mohammad , Almassi Farhad , Fazeli Ali
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia with different thicknesses and two sintering techniques.

Materials and Methods

This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 28 monolithic zirconia discs with 10 mm diameter and 0.5 (n = 14) and 1.2 mm (n = 14) thickness. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 7) for fast (60 min) and conventional (120 min) sintering at 1450°C. After sintering, the specimens were thermocycled and their flexural strength was measured by piston‐on‐3‐balls technique in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min, 1.2 mm pin diameter). Data were analyzed by the Weibull test, one‐way analysis of variance, and Tukey's test (α = .05).

Results

The flexural strength of specimens with 1.2 mm thickness was significantly higher than that of specimens with 0.5 mm thickness (p < .05). The flexural strength of 1.2 mm/120‐min group was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that of 1.2 mm/60‐min group (p > .05). The flexural strength of 0.5 mm/120‐min group was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that of 0.5 mm/60‐min group (p > .05).

Conclusion

The increase in thickness of monolithic zirconia increases its flexural strength; however, increasing the sintering time appears to have no significant effect on the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia.
Comprehensive diallel analysis of combining ability and heterosis to Fusarium verticillioides ear rot resistance in maize
Authors: Guo Zifeng , Wang Shanhong , Li Wen‐Xue , Zhong Tao , Fan Xing‐Ming , Guo Wei , Xu Mingliang , Xu Yunbi
Published: May 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) Fusarium ear rot (FER), which is caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium verticillioides, is a major ear disease affecting maize production in China. Developing resistant maize hybrids is a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly method of reducing yield losses due to FER. Using the nail punch inoculation method, 17 highly resistant and 16 highly susceptible inbred lines were identified in this study, and a large‐scale maize hybrid consisting of 528 F1’s was produced using a half‐diallel cross model. The hybrids were inoculated with F. verticillioides in 6 year–location environment combinations during 2020–2022. Our results showed that estimates of genotypic, environmental, and genotype × environment interaction variance components were very significant (p < 0.001). All the crosses generated from highly resistant inbred lines exhibited high kernel resistance, whereas those generated from highly susceptible inbred lines mostly exhibited high susceptibility to FER. Crosses between resistant and susceptible inbred lines showed intermediate resistance to FER. The general combining ability (GCA) effect was greater than the specific combining ability effect across multiple environments, indicating that the inheritance of FER resistance was mainly influenced by additive genetic effects. The correlation coefficient between the expected GCA value and hybrid resistance was 0.789, whereas that between the mid‐parent value and hybrid resistance was only 0.644. Inbred performance per se and their corresponding hybrids across multiple environments were significantly correlated (r = 0.823). However, no relationship was observed between the FER resistance of F1’s and that of their parental heterotic groups.
Determining critical periods for thermal acclimatisation using a distributed lag non‐linear modelling approach
Authors: Redana Matteo , Gibbins Chris , Lancaster Lesley T.
Published: May 2024

Rapid changes in thermal environments are threatening many species worldwide. Thermal acclimatisation may partially buffer species from the impacts of these changes, but currently, the knowledge about the temporal dynamics of acclimatisation remains limited. Moreover, acclimatisation phenotypes are typically determined in laboratory conditions that lack the variability and stochasticity that characterise the natural environment. Through a distributed lag non‐linear model (DLNM), we use field data to assess how the timing and magnitude of past thermal exposures influence thermal tolerance. We apply the model to two Scottish freshwater Ephemeroptera species living in natural thermal conditions. Model results provide evidence that rapid heat hardening effects are dramatic and reflect high rates of change in temperatures experienced over recent hours to days. In contrast, temperature change magnitude impacted acclimatisation over the course of weeks but had no impact on short‐term responses. Our results also indicate that individuals may de‐acclimatise their heat tolerance in response to cooler environments. Based on the novel insights provided by this powerful modelling approach, we recommend its wider uptake among thermal physiologists to facilitate more nuanced insights in natural contexts, with the additional benefit of providing evidence needed to improve the design of laboratory experiments.
Mitochondrial DNA evidence reflects high genetic divergence of Amynthas aspergillum (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) in southern China
Authors: Li Jiali , Jiang Jibao , Jin Qing , Yuan Zhu , Qiu Jiangping
Published: May 2024

Amynthas aspergillum (Perrier, 1872), a natural resource used in traditional Chinese medicine (Guang‐dilong) with high economic value, is widely distributed in forests and farmland habitats in the hilly areas of southern China. To investigate the extent of genetic differentiation and diversity in A. aspergillum, a population genetic structure study was performed on 157 samples from 75 locations in southern China using the mitochondrial genes COI, COII, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and NDI. The results indicated that A. aspergillum had a high level of genetic diversity, and variation within populations was the main source of the total variation. Six deeply divergent mitochondrial clades (I–VI) were detected using both phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analyses. This finding was supported by the high Kimura two‐parameter genetic distance and the pairwise fixation index value obtained based on the COI gene. No significant phylogeographic structures were observed. The widespread geographic distribution of clades II, IV, and VI suggested a recent demographic expansion based on multiple analysis results. These results include a high level of Hd and low π, star‐shaped haplotype network structures with a high number of less frequent haplotypes, significantly negative neutrality test values, and a unimodal mismatch distribution pattern. The divergence time estimates and reconstruction of the ancestral area revealed that A. aspergillum originated in Guangxi Province and underwent initial intraspecific diversification in the early Pliocene to generate clade I. Then, it gradually dispersed eastward and rapidly differentiated into clades II–V during the Pleistocene. The Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau and Nanling and Wuyi Mountains might act as geographical barriers for the spread of A. aspergillum to the west and north.
Embryonic heart rate is higher in species that experience greater nest predation risk during incubation
Authors: Di Giovanni Alexander J. , Jones Todd M. , Benson Thomas J. , Ward Michael P.
Published: May 2024

Avian eggs develop outside of the female body, and therefore embryonic development is subject to multiple internal (physiological) and external (ecological) factors. Embryonic developmental rate has important consequences for survival. Within species, embryos that develop too quickly often experience deformities, disorders, or mortality, while embryos that develop slowly risk inviability and increase the time they are exposed to various sources of mortality in the nest. These contrasting forces may lead to interspecific variation in developmental rates. We investigated potential factors affecting embryonic heart rate (EHR), a proxy of development, across 14 passerine species in the field. More specifically, we investigated if nest predation risk, clutch size, seasonality, and egg volume influenced EHR. From previous research, we expected, and found, that EHR was positively associated with embryonic age and egg temperature. Species with greater nest predation risk had higher EHR, shorter incubation periods, and lower nest temperature variance. EHR increased as the season progressed and with egg volume, while EHR declined with clutch size. Bird species exhibit varying strategies to increase nestling and fledgling survival in response to predation risk, and these results suggest that variation in embryonic development may be related to species‐specific differences in nest predation risk.
Remote sensing monitoring and potential distribution analysis of Spartina alterniflora in coastal zone of Guangxi
Authors: Yao Huanmei , Chen MeiJun , Huang Zengshiqi , Huang Yi , Wang Mengsi , Liu Yin
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the continuous expansion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) has caused serious damage to coastal wetland ecosystem. Mapping the coverage of S. alterniflora by remote sensing and analyzing its growth pattern pose great importance in controlling the expansion and maintaining the biodiversity of coastal wetlands in Guangxi. This study aimed to use harmonic regression to fit time series data of vegetation indices based on Landsat images, and the phenological features were extracted as the input of random forest model to distinguish S. alterniflora in coastal zone of Guangxi from 2009 to 2020. The influence of natural environmental factors on the distribution of S. alterniflora was evaluated by Maxent model, and the potential distribution was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Based on the time series data of characteristic indices fitted by harmonic regression, the extraction of phenological features of S. alterniflora identification effect exhibited high accuracy (in the result of 2009, Overall Accuracy [OA] = 97.33%, Kappa = 0.95). (2) During 2009–2020, the S. alterniflora in coastal zone of Guangxi kept proliferating and expanding from east to west. The total area of S. alterniflora continued to increase while the growth rate showed a trend that increased first and then decreased. (3) The Maxent model shows good accuracy in simulating the habitat of S. alterniflora, with a potential distribution area of 14,303.39 hm2. The findings will be beneficial to the understanding of dynamic changes of S. alterniflora in coastal zone of Guangxi and provide a scientific reference for other coastal wetland studies on S. alterniflora expansion.
Accuracy of a non‐exercise method using seismocardiography for the estimation of V̇O2peak in sub‐elite football players
Authors: Hansen Mikkel Thunestvedt , Rømer Tue , Lange Kristine Kjær , Dela Flemming , Helge Jørn Wulff
Published: May 2024

A non‐exercise method equation using seismocardiography for estimating V̇O2peak (SCG V̇O2peak) has previously been validated in healthy subjects. However, the performance of the SCG V̇O2peak within a trained population is unknown, and the ability of the model to detect changes over time is not well elucidated. Forty‐seven sub‐elite football players were tested at the start of pre‐season (SPS) and 36 players completed a test after eight weeks at the end of the pre‐season (EPS). Testing included an SCG V̇O2peak estimation at rest and a graded cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill for determination of V̇O2peak. Agreement between SCG V̇O2peak and CPET V̇O2peak showed a large underestimation at SPS (bias ± 95% CI: −9.9 ± 1.8, 95% Limits of Agreement: 2.2 to −22.0 mL·min−1 kg−1). At EPS no interaction (p = 0.3590) but a main effect of time (p < 0.0001) and methods (p < 0.0001) was observed between SCG and CPET V̇O2peak. No correlation in V̇O2peak changes was observed between SCG and CPET (r = −20.0, p = 0.2484) but a fair agreement in classifying the correct directional change in V̇O2peak with the SCG method was found (Cohen's κ coefficient = 0.28 ± 0.25). Overall, the SCG V̇O2peak method lacks accuracy and despite being able to estimate group changes, it was incapable of detecting individual changes in V̇O2peak following a pre‐season period in sub‐elite football players. The SCG algorithm needs to be further adjusted and the accuracy and precision improved for the method to be applicable for use within a trained population.
Explaining differences in policy learning in the EU "Fit for 55” climate policy package
Authors: von Malmborg Fredrik
Published: May 2024

Through learning, policy actors can maintain, reinforce, or revise their beliefs and positions about the design and outcomes of policies. This paper critically analyzes factors influencing policy learning by comparing policy processes of two EU laws of the recent “Fit for 55” climate package: (i) revised provisions on increasing energy efficiency in companies included in the recast Energy Efficiency Directive and (ii) the new FuelEU Maritime regulation provided for decarbonizing maritime shipping. Learning across coalitions with competing beliefs was encountered in the first case but not in the other despite similar institutional settings. The difference is attributed to a more politicized debate on decarbonizing shipping, leading to consensus through bargaining instead of deliberation, and a circumscribed leader of one coalition, with a less flexible negotiation mandate. The paper adds to the theory on policy learning, suggesting that levels of politicization and polarization, as well as the mandates of the coalition leaders, influence cross‐coalition learning.
Simplified weighting formulations of weighted compact nonlinear schemes for compressible flows
Authors: Bai Jinwei , Mao Meiliang , Ma Yankai , Yan Zhen‐Guo , Min Yaobing
Published: May 2024

Weighted compact nonlinear schemes (WCNSs) are a popular family of high‐resolution shock‐capturing schemes for simulating compressible flows, of which the nonlinear interpolation procedure is dominant for the performance. In this work, a simplified weighting strategy is introduced for the nonlinear interpolation procedure. Firstly, an equivalent weighting formulation of WCNS is presented by explicitly including the whole‐point stencil into the set of candidate stencils. Secondly, motivated by the reorganization of WCNS, the WCNS‐CU6 scheme is achieved in a more straightforward way. Thirdly, by introducing a TENO selection procedure in the framework of WCNS‐CU6‐Simplified, a TCNS6‐Simplified scheme is proposed, the resolution of which is comparable with the excellent TENO6 scheme, while the computational cost is much lower. The simplified schemes exhibit more outstanding, at least comparable, fidelity than the original schemes, however, with superior characteristics in terms of efficiency and simplicity. A variety of benchmark test problems are studied to demonstrate the behaviour of the simplified weighting strategy.
The other‐ethnicity effect in facial recognition of Tibetan and Han individuals: Evidence from behavioural and eye‐movement data
Authors: Ma Jialin , Huang Jiayi , Li Yongxin
Published: May 2024

Studies have shown that facial recognition among racial groups exhibits not only an other‐race effect but also an other‐ethnicity effect within the same racial group. To explore differences in facial recognition and visual scanning patterns due to the other‐ethnicity effect, behavioural and eye‐movement data were used to investigate the other‐ethnicity effect in the facial perception of Tibetan and Han Chinese individuals and whether the visual scanning patterns varied between them. Behavioural data revealed an other‐ethnicity effect on facial recognition of Tibetan and Han individuals. Eye‐movement data indicated that Tibetan and Han individuals fixated more on the eye and mouth regions when recognising Han faces and on the eye and nose regions when recognising Tibetan faces. The other‐ethnicity effect appeared to influence facial recognition in Tibetan and Han individuals, who adopted similar visual scanning patterns when scanning the faces of individuals of their own ethnicity and those of other ethnicities.
Managing herd‐level disease risks in UK dairy cows
Authors: Sibley Dick
Published: May 2024

Background: The risks of disease entering and spreading within any animal population can be managed. Dairy herds are no exception, although they bring special challenges due to their size, dynamic populations of mixed ages, and the stresses inherent with production demands.

Aim of the article: This article discusses managing infectious disease risks at the herd level, providing principles and practical guidance on how to minimise the risk of introducing disease into a dairy herd and how to effectively control any disease introduction.
The development of recommendations for the assessment and management of sesamoiditis by podiatrists: A Delphi and content validity study
Authors: Stewart Sarah , Kaur Preeti , Tehan Peta , Molyneux Prue , Carroll Matthew
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sesamoiditis is a common, and often painful, musculoskeletal pathology frequently encountered by podiatrists. However, there are currently no recommendations to guide podiatrists in the assessment and management of people with sesamoiditis. The aim of this study was to develop consensus‐driven clinical recommendations on the assessment and management of people with sesamoiditis.

Methods

A four‐round online Delphi survey was conducted with a panel of New Zealand and Australian podiatrists. In the first round, panellists answered open‐ended questions that were used to create statements. In round two, the panellists scored the statements from 1 to 9 (1 = not at all important, 9 = absolutely essential). Consensus was defined using the RAND/University of California Los Angles Disagreement Index. Panellists were asked to reconsider statements that did not achieve consensus in round three. In the final round, content validity and acceptability of the statements for inclusion in clinical recommendations were determined using content validity ratios and the Content Validity Index (CVI).

Results

Eighteen panellists completed round one with 16 (89%) completing all four rounds. A total of 118 statements were generated following round one. Following rounds two and three, 78 statements were accepted by panellists as being important, with 62 statements achieving sufficient content validity for inclusion in clinical recommendations. The CVI for these 62 statements was 0.58. These recommendations provide guidance on subjective assessment (pain characteristics/symptomology, activity/sports/training history and medical history) objective assessment (establishing a diagnosis, identifying contributing biomechanical factors, footwear/orthoses, ruling out differential diagnoses) and management (temporary padding/strapping, education, footwear, foot orthoses and when to consider referral).

Conclusion

This consensus exercise has provided a set of consensus‐based recommendations for the assessment and management of people with sesamoiditis. In the current absence of research‐based evidence in this area, these recommendations are intended to support clinicians. The recommendations may also serve as a basis for future clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of conservative interventions for people with sesamoiditis.
Impact of COVID‐19 infection among patients hospitalized for conventional pacemaker implantation: Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2020
Authors: Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Yanpiset Panat , Suenghataiphorn Thanathip , Srikulmontri Thitiphan , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Rujirachun Pongprueth , Polpichai Natchaya , Saowapa Sakditad , Casipit Bruce A. , Suparan Kanokphong , Amanullah Aman
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The cardiac pacemaker is indicated for treating various types of bradyarrhythmia, providing lifelong cardiovascular benefits. Recent data showed that COVID‐19 has impacted procedure numbers and led to adverse long‐term outcomes in patients with cardiac pacemakers. However, the impact of COVID‐19 infection on the in‐hospital outcome of patients undergoing conventional pacemaker implantation remains unclear.

Method

Patients aged above 18 years who were hospitalized for conventional pacemaker implantation in the Nationwide In‐patient Sample (NIS) 2020 were identified using relevant ICD‐10 CM and PCS codes. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze pre‐specified outcomes, with the primary outcome being in‐patient mortality and secondary outcomes including system‐based and procedure‐related complications.

Results

Of 108 020 patients hospitalized for conventional pacemaker implantation, 0.71% (765 out of 108 020) had a concurrent diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection. Individuals with COVID‐19 infection exhibited a lower mean age (73.7 years vs. 75.9 years, p = .027) and a lower female proportion (39.87% vs. 47.60%, p = .062) than those without COVID‐19. In the multivariable logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for patient and hospital factors, COVID‐19 infection was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality (aOR 4.67; 95% CI 2.02 to 10.27, p < .001), extended length of stay (5.23 days vs. 1.04 days, p < .001), and linked with various in‐hospital complications, including sepsis, acute respiratory failure, post‐procedural pneumothorax, and venous thromboembolism.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that COVID‐19 infection is attributed to higher in‐hospital mortality, extended hospital stays, and increased adverse in‐hospital outcomes in patients undergoing conventional pacemaker implantation.
Raman study of P–T phase diagram for U3O8
Authors: Wang Yijia , Wu Binbin , Liu Jingyi , Jia Xu , Li Yue , Liu Benqiong , Fang Leiming , Lei Li
Published: May 2024

Raman spectroscopy is very sensitive to the U‐O bonding strength changes under high pressure, and it could reveal important information about the bonding and stoichiometry of the U‐O systems. The pressure and temperature (P–T) phase diagram of U3O8 was investigated by Raman spectroscopy via four independent P–T experimental paths. The phase boundaries between different phases have been determined by the changes in Raman spectra. A new phase (α′‐U3O8) was observed below 233 K at 0.6 GPa or 198 K at zero pressure accompanied by the discontinuities in Raman wavenumber and the new shoulder peak near the B2(6) Raman modes. Upon compressing at low temperature (123 K), the high‐pressure irreversible phase transition from orthorhombic to cubic structure (α′‐δ) was observed at around 11.3 GPa, evidenced by the merging of B2(6) and B′2(6) Raman modes.
Screening anti‐anaphylactoid components in Polygonum cuspidatum via cell membrane chromatography with LC‐MS targeting Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2
Authors: Lin Yuanyuan , Lu Huaqiu , Jia Qianqian , Han Shengli
Published: May 2024

Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 (MrgprX2) is acknowledged as a mast cell‐specific receptor, playing a crucial role in orchestrating anaphylactoid responses through mast cell degranulation. It holds promise as a target for regulating allergic and inflammatory diseases mediated by mast cells. Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) has shown notable anti‐anaphylactoid effects, while its pharmacologically active components remain unclear. In this study, we successfully utilized MrgprX2 high‐expressing cell membrane chromatography (CMC), in conjunction with liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), to identify active anti‐anaphylactoid components in PC. Our study pinpointed polydatin, resveratrol, and emodin‐8‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside as potential anti‐anaphylactoid compounds in PC. Their anti‐anaphylactoid activities were evaluated through β‐aminohexosidase and histamine release assays, demonstrating a concentration‐dependent inhibition for both β‐aminohexosidase and histamine release. This approach, integrating MrgprX2 high‐expression CMC with LC‐MS, proves effective in screening potential anti‐anaphylactoid ingredients in natural herbal medicines. The findings from this study illuminated the anti‐anaphylactoid properties of specific components in PC and provided an efficient method for the drug development of natural products.
A ternary correlation multi‐symptom network strategy based on in vivo chemical profile identification and metabolomics to explore the molecular basis of Ephedra herb against viral pneumonia
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Mei Jie , Zhang Fan , Wei Miaomiao , Xie Yujun , Bayoude Alamusi , Liu Xiufeng , Zhang Boli , Yu Boyang
Published: May 2024

Ephedra herb (EH), an important medicine prescribed in herbal formulas by Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners, has been widely used in the treatment of viral pneumonia in China. However, the molecular basis of EH in viral pneumonia remains unclear. In this study, a ternary correlation multi‐symptom network strategy was established based on in vivo chemical profile identification and metabolomics to explore the molecular basis of EH against viral pneumonia. Results showed that 143 compounds of EH and 70 prototype components were identified in vivo. EH could reduce alveolar‐capillary barrier disruption in rats with viral pneumonia and significantly downregulate the expression of inflammatory factors and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Plasma metabolomics revealed that EH may be involved in the regulation of arachidonic acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, nicotinate, and nicotinamide metabolism. The multi‐symptom network showed that 12 compounds have an integral function in the treatment of viral pneumonia by intervening in many pathways related to viruses, immunity and inflammation, and lung injury. Further verification demonstrated that sinapic acid and frambinone can regulate the expression of related genes. It has been shown to be a promising representative of the pharmacological constituents of ephedra.
Harnessing an amide‐based covalent organic framework in solid‐phase extraction for chlorophenol analysis in industrial wastewaters
Authors: Firouzy Masoumeh , Ghiasvand Alireza , Hashemi Payman
Published: May 2024

An amide‐based covalent organic framework (COF) was successfully synthesized using the reaction between 1,3,5‐trimesoyl chloride and ethylenediamine. The structure and morphology of the COF were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analysis. The COF was employed as a solid‐phase extraction adsorbent for the sampling and preconcentration of chlorophenols from industrial wastewater samples prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The experimental parameters influencing the extraction efficiency including type and volume of eluent solvent, sample solution volume, salt concentration, sample flow rate, and sample solution pH were investigated and optimized using a response surface methodology employing Box‐Behnken‐design. Under optimized conditions, calibration curves exhibited good linearities over the range of 0.003–10 µg/mL with determination coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.9982 to 0.9999. The method's limits of detection ranged from 0.001 to 0.01 µg/mL. Good repeatability was achieved with relative standard deviations below 4.7%. The developed procedure utilizing the COF adsorbent was successfully applied to determine chlorophenols accurately and precisely in various industrial wastewater samples.
The (anti‐)η‐Hermitian solution to a novel system of matrix equations over the split quaternion algebra
Authors: Gao Zi‐Han , Wang Qing‐Wen , Xie Lv‐ming
Published: May 2024

In comparison to quaternions, split quaternions exhibit a more intricate algebraic structure, characterized by the presence of nontrivial zero factors. Furthermore, in various fields such as geometry and electromagnetism, split quaternions serve as more convenient research tools than quaternions. This paper aims to establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of (anti‐)
‐Hermitian solutions to a novel system of matrix equations formulated over split quaternions. We also provide the general expression of such solutions when the system is solvable, along with the least squares (anti‐)
‐Hermitian solution in the case of inconsistency. To illustrate the key findings of this paper, numerical examples are presented.
Diffeomorphic transformer‐based abdomen MRI‐CT deformable image registration
Authors: Lei Yang , Matkovic Luke A. , Roper Justin , Wang Tonghe , Zhou Jun , Ghavidel Beth , McDonald Mark , Patel Pretesh , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: May 2024

Background

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a well‐established treatment modality for liver metastases in patients unsuitable for surgery. Both CT and MRI are useful during treatment planning for accurate target delineation and to reduce potential organs‐at‐risk (OAR) toxicity from radiation. MRI‐CT deformable image registration (DIR) is required to propagate the contours defined on high‐contrast MRI to CT images. An accurate DIR method could lead to more precisely defined treatment volumes and superior OAR sparing on the treatment plan. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop an accurate MRI‐CT DIR for liver SBRT.

Purpose

To create a new deep learning model that can estimate the deformation vector field (DVF) for directly registering abdominal MRI‐CT images.

Methods

The proposed method assumed a diffeomorphic deformation. By using topology‐preserved deformation features extracted from the probabilistic diffeomorphic registration model, abdominal motion can be accurately obtained and utilized for DVF estimation. The model integrated Swin transformers, which have demonstrated superior performance in motion tracking, into the convolutional neural network (CNN) for deformation feature extraction. The model was optimized using a cross‐modality image similarity loss and a surface matching loss. To compute the image loss, a modality‐independent neighborhood descriptor (MIND) was used between the deformed MRI and CT images. The surface matching loss was determined by measuring the distance between the warped coordinates of the surfaces of contoured structures on the MRI and CT images. To evaluate the performance of the model, a retrospective study was carried out on a group of 50 liver cases that underwent rigid registration of MRI and CT scans. The deformed MRI image was assessed against the CT image using the target registration error (TRE), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and mean surface distance (MSD) between the deformed contours of the MRI image and manual contours of the CT image.

Results

When compared to only rigid registration, DIR with the proposed method resulted in an increase of the mean DSC values of the liver and portal vein from 0.850 ± 0.102 and 0.628 ± 0.129 to 0.903 ± 0.044 and 0.763 ± 0.073, a decrease of the mean MSD of the liver from 7.216 ± 4.513 mm to 3.232 ± 1.483 mm, and a decrease of the TRE from 26.238 ± 2.769 mm to 8.492 ± 1.058 mm.

Conclusion

The proposed DIR method based on a diffeomorphic transformer provides an effective and efficient way to generate an accurate DVF from an MRI‐CT image pair of the abdomen. It could be utilized in the current treatment planning workflow for liver SBRT.
Modeling and measurement of lead tip heating and resonant length for implanted, insulated wires
Authors: Bardwell Speltz Lydia J. , Lee Seung‐Kyun , Shu Yunhong , Tarasek Matthew R. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Foo Thomas K. F. , Bernstein Matt A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To study implant lead tip heating because of the RF power deposition by developing mathematical models and comparing them with measurements acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T, especially to predict resonant length.

Theory and Methods

A simple exponential model and an adapted transmission line model for the electric field transfer function were developed. A set of wavenumbers, including that calculated from insulated antenna theory (King wavenumber) and that of the embedding medium were considered. Experiments on insulated, capped wires of varying lengths were performed to determine maximum temperature rise under RF exposure. The results are compared with model predictions from analytical expressions derived under the assumption of a constant electric field, and with those numerically calculated from spatially varying, simulated electric fields from body coil transmission. Simple expressions for the resonant length bounded between one‐quarter and one‐half wavelength are developed based on the roots of transcendental equations.

Results

The King wavenumber for both models more closely matched the experimental data with a maximum root mean square error of 9.81°C at 1.5 T and 5.71°C at 3 T compared to other wavenumbers with a maximum root mean square error of 27.52°C at 1.5 T and 22.01°C for 3 T. Resonant length was more accurately predicted compared to values solely based on the embedding medium.

Conclusion

Analytical expressions were developed for implanted lead heating and resonant lengths under specific assumptions. The value of the wavenumber has a strong effect on the model predictions. Our work could be used to better manage implanted device lead tip heating.
Bilanz Wacker 2023: Silikone, Polymere, Biopharmazeutika
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2024

Der Konzern Wacker Chemie aus München hat im Jahr 2023 bei Umsatz und Ergebnis niedrigere Werte als im Vorjahr erzielt. Als Grund gibt er das schwache Marktumfeld an.
Gründerkolumne: Sind Businessplan‐Wettbewerbe sinnvoll für mich?
Authors: Festel Gunter
Published: May 2024

Sind Businessplan‐Wettbewerbe sinnvoll für mich?
Extensions and investigations of space‐time generalized Riemann problems numerical schemes for linear systems of conservation laws with source terms
Authors: Turpault Rodolphe
Published: May 2024

The space‐time generalized Riemann problems method allows to obtain numerical schemes of arbitrary high order that can be used with very large time steps for systems of linear hyperbolic conservation laws with source term. They have been introduced in Berthon et al. (J. Sci. Comput. 55 (2013), 268–308.) in 1D and on 2D unstructured meshes made of triangles. The objective of this article is to complement them in order to answer some important questions arising when they are involved. The formulation is described in detail on quadrangle meshes, the choice of approximation basis is discussed and Legendre polynomials are used in practical cases. The addition of a limiter to preserve certain properties without compromising accuracy is also considered. Finally, the asymptotic behavior of the scheme in the diffusion regime is studied.
Loss of NAT10 alleviates maternal high‐fat diet‐induced hepatic steatosis in male offspring of mice
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Ren , Zhang Jian‐Bin , Shen Feng , Xue Rui , Yang Rui‐Xu , Ren Tian‐Yi , Fan Jian‐Gao
Published: May 2024

Objective

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is becoming an escalating health problem in pediatric populations. This study aimed to investigate the role of N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) in maternal high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced MASLD in offspring at early life.

Methods

We generated male hepatocyte‐specific NAT10 knockout (Nat10HKO) mice and mated them with female Nat10fl/fl mice under chow or HFD feeding. Body weight, liver histopathology, and expression of lipid metabolism–associated genes (Srebp1c, Fasn, Pparα, Cd36, Fatp2, Mttp, and Apob) were assessed in male offspring at weaning. Lipid uptake assays were performed both in vivo and in vitro. The mRNA stability assessment and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to determine NAT10‐regulated target genes.

Results

NAT10 deletion in hepatocytes of male offspring alleviated perinatal lipid accumulation induced by maternal HFD, decreasing expression levels of Srebp1c, Fasn, Cd36, Fatp2, Mttp, and Apob while enhancing Pparα expression. Furthermore, Nat10HKO male mice exhibited reduced lipid uptake. In vitro, NAT10 promoted lipid uptake by enhancing the mRNA stability of CD36 and FATP2. RNA immunoprecipitation assays exhibited direct interactions between NAT10 and CD36/FATP2 mRNA.

Conclusions

NAT10 deletion in offspring hepatocytes ameliorates maternal HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis through decreasing mRNA stability of CD36 and FATP2, highlighting NAT10 as a potential therapeutic target for pediatric MASLD.
Three‐dimensional graphene architecture reinforced epoxy composite with double‐sided adhesive molybdenum disulfide transition interlayer for maintaining excellent interfacial and tribological properties
Authors: Min Chunying , Yu Hang , Sun Zhaolong , Liang Hongyu
Published: May 2024

Three‐dimensional graphene architecture (3DGA) as reinforcement with successive reinforcement effect has attracted intense attention in the field of polymer composites, while 3DGA also faces the disadvantages of weak interfacial adhesion with matrices. The surface decoration of 3DGA with molybdenum disulfide (3DGA@MoS2) further promoted the diffusion and penetration of epoxy molecular for 3DGA network with the aid of resin transfer molding (RTM) technic. The MoS2 transition nanolayer not only forms covalent bonding with 3DGA but mechanical interlocks with epoxy, which effectively improved the interface combination in composite. Compared with neat epoxy, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and tensile strength increased by 18°C and 58.6%, as well as the average friction coefficient and wear rate decreased by 84% and 89%, respectively, by low loading of only 2 wt% 3DGA@MoS2. Hence, the 3D graphene modified strategy by surface decoration provides a new insight for manufacturing high‐performance epoxy‐graphene composites with excellent tribological properties.

Highlights

A highly ordered and interconnected 3DGA reinforcement was fabricated.

MoS2 serves as interlayer, forming covalent bond and mechanical interlock.

Incorporation of 3DGA@MoS2 enables rapid heat conduction and load transfer.

Bi‐interpenetrating 3D structure/polymer network endows good wear resistance.

Improved comprehensive properties ascribe to strong interface adhesion.