bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research the complexity method to reduce errors in the measurement of linear movement of elements of road machine design
Authors: Koval Oleksandr , Koval Andrii
Published: October 2021

Problem. Currently, the problem of optimal control of the road machines is one of the most pressing tasks. Consequently, there is a significant need for on-board multifunctional measuring systems. Along with this, today measuring systems are mainly used only to provide control of power units. It is still relevant to determine the spatial position of the working bodies of the road machine in order to optimize their movement when performing working technological processes. Goal. The goal is to investigate the measurements of linear movement of road machine design elements when complexing ultrasonic and optical sensors of linear movements. Methodo-logy. The analytical and experimental research methods for the development and application of onboard measuring systems have been used. When complex the method of sensors combined into one system, the methods of system analysis were used. Results. Functional features of application of optical and ultrasonic gauges for measurements of linear moving elements of a design of the road machines are revealed. Principles of measurements of linear moving are investigated at complex use of gauges in a uniform measuring system. Originality. In order to improve the accuracy of technological processes and optimal control of the road machine, it is proposed to measure the linear movement of structural elements both relative to each other and relative to the earth's surface. The combined use of ultrasonic and optical methods will significantly reduce measurement errors. Practical value. The use of the proposed method for measuring the relative position of the structural elements of a road machine design will make it possible to perform high-quality technological processes at any time of the year or day, regardless of the current natural and weather conditions.
TELEMATIC SYNERGY OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS IN TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS
Authors: Aleksiyev Oleg , Aleksiyev Volodymyr , Neronov Serhii
Published: October 2021

Problem. The results of fundamental and applied research of computer science and software engineering in industry and transport are considered. Informational socialization is offered to provide knowledge and skills to persons wishing to work in the IT industry. A kind of sensory cognitive representation of the spatial-temporal orientation of transport applications and synergy (performance assessment) of development, updating of applications, support of the semantic site of the transport-road portal of automobile transfer.  Goal. Increasing the competitiveness of transport and road organizations by increasing the efficiency of virtual management of the car transfer, taking into account the virtual logistics and IT industry.   Methodology. The idea and basic tasks of synergetic integration of the following technologies: WEB, Internet in general, distribution of computer resources of the client and server part of the Industry 4.0  Results and  originality. The most useful in the synergy of WEB implementation is the use as a feature of a dynamic site aggregator WEB portal in defined as the location of vehicles and visualization of the relevant transport situation. Practical value.It is obtaining additional computer resources in the conditions of application of WEB, which is offered for implementation, does not require significant capital expenditures. Costs associated only with the assistance of this new work of existing staff - WEB users of these solutions. The implementation of these scientific and practical results shows that the greatest benefit from using the cloud infrastructure instead of supporting its own IT infrastructure is not even technological, but financials.
Establishing the value of the deflection of the soil-piercing working body with an asymmetric tip when correcting the airway of movement
Authors: Suponyev Vladimir , Balesniy Sergiy , Pimonov Igor
Published: October 2021

Trenchless laying of engineering communications is actively used in all countries of the world. Among the existing methods of formation of wells for the implementation of these technologies, the most popular is the method of ground penetration. The main disadvantage of this method is the poor accuracy of movement of the piercing head in the array. This requires constant adjustments to the trajectory of its movement. This process can be controlled by using a head with an asymmetrical tip and acting on it with translational and rotational motion. The transmission of these movements from the power unit by means of type-setting push rods. Therefore, it is important to choose a trajectory such that the deflection of the bar will be within the permissible stress range. If the bend goes beyond these limits, the rod may break and the puncture process will be interrupted. The conducted studies have established the regularities of the process of puncturing the soil with a head with an asymmetric tip in the form of an inclined flat surface. It has been established that the greatest deviation of the head from the action of the transverse component of the soil resistance force, which occurs when moving such a working body in the soil, will occur at an angle of inclination of the front surface of 25º, and the smallest deviation will occur at an angle of 55º. In addition, it was found that in heavy clay, deflection will occur almost 3 times worse than in a soup and 1.4 times worse than in a loam. It has been experimentally confirmed that at a distance of 10 m the puncture with a head with an inclined forehead surface in sandy loam was 40 mm, and in clay 20 mm. At an angle of inclination of 70º, a constant core of soil compaction is formed and the process of controlling the movement of the head stops.
Analysis and numerical comparative assessment of risks of emergency situations of technogenic character in the territory of Ukraine
Authors: Ivanets Hryhorii , Ivanets Mykhailo , Bogatov Oleg , Nakonechnyi Alexander , Sharapa Ivan
Published: October 2021

Subject. Processes of man-made emergencies on the territory of the state and its regions.

Theme of work. Analysis and quantitative comparative assessment of risks of man-made emergencies on the territory of Ukraine. The purpose of the work. Comprehensive analysis of risks of man-made emergencies on the territory of the state and determination of the most technogenic regions of the country. Research methodology. Comparative assessment of the state of man-made threats of the territory and population of the regions of the state is carried out by comparing the average annual number of man-made emergencies in each region and the state as a whole, taking into account the density of the population. Criteria for classification of the territory and population of the regions of the state according to the level of man-made threats are proposed: relatively optimal, relatively acceptable, unacceptable. Research results. The method of quantitative comparative assessment of risks of emergencies of technogenic character on the territory of the state is offered and regions of the country with rather optimum, rather admissible and unacceptable level of technogenic threats for the territory and the population of regions of the state are defined. Conclusions and scope of research results. The analysis of the state of man-caused danger in the regions of Ukraine showed that each of them has its own levels of man-made threat, which must be taken into account to adequately respond to emergencies of different nature. As a result of research on the basis of the proposed methodology, it is established that the unacceptable level of man-made threats to the territory and population is typical for Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Lviv regions. This indicates the low effectiveness of measures to prevent man-made emergencies in these areas of the country. The obtained results of the research are the foundation for substantiation of organizational and technical measures to prevent and adequately respond to civil defense forces to emergencies of man-made nature both in the state and its regions.
USING DYNAMIC CONTENT TO INCREASE RELEVANCE
Authors: Matsyi Olha
Published: October 2021

This article explores the process of using dynamic content to increase the relevance and conversion rate of a web resource. The main advantage of this approach is that it does not require the creation of additional pages of the site, increases the relevance of the content and, consequently, the likelihood of obtaining the effect of conversion.
SOLVING OF TWO-CRITERION TRANSPORT PROBLEM BASED ON BLOCK NORMALIZATION
Authors: Podoliaka Oksana , Podoliaka Aleksii
Published: October 2021

Problem. Practical tasks of transport optimization are inherently multi-criteria. Their nature is such that with the improvement of some quality criteria, others deteriorate. It is very difficult to reduce multi-criteria problems to single-criteria ones in the general case. Therefore, much attention has recently been paid to solving discrete problems in multicriteria productions. An approach to solving a complex two-criteria transport problem is considered, the first criterion of which has a wide range, and the second is extremely narrow. To solve the problem, it is proposed to use nonlinear block normalization of criteria, which significantly reduces the variance of the normalized values of both criteria and, simplifies the procedures for comparing alternatives. The computational complexity of the block normalization algorithm of the criteria is O(n3).Goal. Improving the quality of solutions to complex problems of the transport type by aligning the ranges of narrow and wide criteria scales. This is achieved by applying the algorithm of nonlinear block normalization, which extracts additional knowledge from the source data of the transport problem.Methodology. A systematic approach and methods of mathematical modeling were used to build models of multicriteria problems of the transport type. Methods of multicriteria optimization and decision theory were used in the analysis of problems of solving multicriteria problems.Results. An effective approach to solving complex multicriteria transport-type problems, characterized by a large number of parameters with different ranges and scales, has been developed. This approach can be used directly to solve problems with criteria set by ordinal scales.Originality. The convolution functional method  of complex multicriteria transportation problems based on block normalization and selection of the dominant criterion is developed. The procedure for comparing alternative solutions has been simplified by increasing the accuracy of estimating the elements of the transport task plan using block normalization. An effective method for solving complex multicriteria transport problems has been developed, which improves the quality of solutions by obtaining additional knowledge of the problem data model.Practical value. Improving the efficiency of management decisions in complex logistics systems.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF AN ACTUATOR OF A ROBOTIC GEARBOX
Authors: Gurko Alexander , Mykhalevych Mykola
Published: October 2021

Problem. Despite the vigorous development of electric vehicles, the task of facilitating the driver to handle with elements of mechanical transmission remains relevant. For this purpose, the automation of mechanical transmission units is performed. For instance, so-called robotic gearboxes are widespread. The principle of operation of such gearboxes is similar to mechanical ones, but special separate actuators carry out the selection and shifting into the desired gear. The design of a robotic gearbox was proposed at the Automobile Department of Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University. At this gearbox, two DC motors are used as actuators. The efficiency of this gearbox largely depends on the efficiency of the DC motors control system, which should provide smooth but at the same time fast and accurate positioning of their shafts. In previous works, PID controllers were used to controlling the actuator of the gearbox. However, although the PID controller provides satisfactory quality of the control system, it is not an optimal controller. Goal. The goal of this paper is to develop an optimal controller for the actuators of the robotic gearbox mentioned above. Methodology. To meet this goal, it was proposed to use a linear-quadratic controller (LQR). The analysis of the impact on transient processes in the control system of the values of the weighting factors in the quadratic performance criterion is performed. Results. The LQR synthesized provides high speed of response (within of 0.5 s) at the desired gear selecting and more than two times less overshoot compared to the PID regulator. Originality. The regularities in the gearbox drive performance when changing the values of the weighting factors in the performance criterion have been established. An optimal control system for the robotic gearbox actuator has been developed. Practical value. The implementation of the designed controller will increase the efficiency of the gearbox under consideration.
Predicting the composition of primary carbides of the multicomponent system Ni-5Cr-9Co-6Al-8.3W-4Re-4Ta-1Mo-1.5Nb-0.15C
Authors: Ol'shanetskii Vadim , Glotka Olexander
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Problem. Development of new and optimization of existing casting alloys for the manufacture of blades of gas turbine engines for various purposes is an important scientific and technical problem. Given the sensitivity of the structural components to the concentration of alloying elements, there are difficulties in assessing the expected set of properties of the blades from the optimization of the chemical composition or structural state of alloys. Goal. The aim of this work is to study the specifics of the influence of alloying elements on the distribution of primary carbides in the structure, their topology, morphology and their composition for a multicomponent system such as Ni-5Cr-9Co-6Al-8,3W-4Re-4Ta -1Mo-1 , 5Nb-0.15C using the calculation method of CALPHAD prediction (passive experiment) in comparison with the data obtained by electron microscopy (active experiment). Methodology. Modeling of thermodynamic processes occurring during crystallization (cooling) or heating in the structure of alloys was carried out by the CALPHAD method. Results. The results of thermodynamic calculations of the chemical composition of carbides are presented in comparison with experimental data obtained by electron microscopy on a microscope REM-106I with a system of energy-dispersion X-ray spectral microanalysis. Originality. It is shown that when the total concentration of carbide-forming elements increases, the chemical composition of carbides also becomes more complicated. At a concentration of more than 2% of the mass. But in the alloy, in the carbide of MS, the content of tantalum prevails over the content of niobium, it also leads to a decrease in the concentration of tungsten and molybdenum in the carbide. It was found that when the concentration of niobium is more than 3 wt%. in the alloy, its content in the primary carbide exceeds the content of tantalum and the carbide becomes based on Ta. Practical value. On the basis of an integrated approach, computational and experimental, for multicomponent heat-resistant alloys, new regression models are obtained that allow to adequately predict the chemical composition of carbides by the chemical composition of the alloy. which is confirmed by the obtained experimental data.
Time factor research of tires tread wear for selfpropelled scraper
Authors: Balaka Maxim
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Problem. The publications analysis about the self-propelled scrapers use on sites of road and reclamation construction is showed that during the performance of working operations there is unacceptable wear of the tires tread as a result of the intensive sliding on the support surface. Over time, the pneumatic tires wear leads to decrease on the durability of the wheeled mover or tire failure as a result of the carcass rupture and the tread delamination. In its turn, the time factor of the tire tread wear depends directly on the duration of the scraper operating cycle, which implements the traction and transport modes. Goal. The life time increasing of the wheeled mover for the self-propelled scraper by reducing the tire tread wear. Methodology. Analytical methods for interaction process research of the pneumatic tires with support surface are used. Mathematical modeling methods were used to determine the time factor of the tire tread wear during scraping. Results. Dependencies for determining the duration of operating cycle components according to the elliptical scheme of scraping organization are presented. Based on the proposed mathematical model, such as takes into account the force, speed and time factors, the fractions of tire tread wear are determined by the components of the scraper operating cycle, which including its maneuvering in the face. It was found that most often the tire tread wear occurs when moving of the soil-loaded scraper. The presented calculation results of the tire life time according to the proposed method are showed the sufficient convergencewith the scraper performance attributes, taking into account only the abrasive mechanism of the tire tread wear. Originality. To determine the life time of pneumatic tires for the self-propelled scraper, as the most fully combined characteristic features of the traction and transport machine, it is proposed to use the preferred mechanism of tire tread wear – abrasive, as well as the deformation models of the pneumatic tire and support surface. Practical value. The use of the proposed method for calculating the tire tread wear will to make the life time forecast of the wheeled mover for the self-propelled scraper at the design stage and to determine the reasonable needs for material and technical means of this machine operation.
Design of roller compacted concrete composition
Authors: Balabuh Yaroslav , Marushchak Uliana , Bidos Volodymyr
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Problem. World experience shows that high operational performance of road coverings in the conditions of intensive traffic with high speeds of motor transport and sharp braking are provided by introduction of cement concrete. One of the effective solutions for the construction of high-quality, dura-ble, economical pavements is the use of roller-compacted concrete - a no slump concrete with low water-cement ratio, that is placed by an asphalt pav-er similar to asphalt pavement construction. The design of quality mixtures of roller-compacted con-crete is based on performance, construction require-ments and economic efficiency. Goal. The purpose of the work is design the compositions of roller com-pacted concrete and investigation of their strength. Methodology. Roller compacted concrete samples were tested for compressive strength and tensile bending in accordance with DSTU B B.2.7-214:2009. Results. The four variants of mixtures are designed to select the optimal composition of roller compacted cement concrete. The first of one is based on the particle size distribution of aggregate grains in ac-cordance with DSTU B B.2.7-127:2015, the second variant shows the composition of normal-weight cement concrete class C25/30, the third variant is characterized by increased sand fraction and in the fourth composition fine fractions replaced with sand. Road rolled concrete С32/40 Bb b5.2 is designed. Originality. Roller compacted cement concrete for effective road construction technologies is designed, which allows to perform the installation of high per-formance cement-concrete pavement with the use of asphalt pavers and rollers and the possibility of rap-id commissioning of cement-concrete pavement. Practical value. Designed composition of roller compacted concrete with the use of local Ukrainian materials allow to ensure the construction of cost-effective, durable road pavement with the possibility to carry out the movement on the cement concrete pavement after 1-3 days.
Ensuring the reliability of pavements in the repair and reconstruction of existing cement-concrete pavements destroyed by vibroresonance on a weak basis
Authors: Gameliak Ihor , Raikovskyi Vitalii
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Repair and reconstruction of existing ce-ment-concrete pavements of hard pavements should be performed based on the results of the assessment of the condition of the pavement, assessment of their suitability as a basis for new layers and especially when reinforced with asphalt concrete layers. The article presents a method of determining the actual total modulus of elasticity of pavement, using static and dynamic stamping equipment and evaluating the results of measuring the modulus of deformation and elasticity of the concrete base at different passes of the vibrating cavity to decide on the method of re-pair. It is concluded that with a weak base, the vibroresonance method is unsuitable and stress relief should be used with a minimum number of passes of destructive equipment.
Аnalyzing existing systems of bridgework management on motorways
Authors: Bilchenko Anatoly , Kislov Alexander
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The existing system of bridgework management in our country does not satisfy the bridge branch as it is financially and organizationally integrated in the structure of the road organizations which allocate for operation of bridge constructions4÷10 % of all financing for road operation. This situation is explained by the fact that bridges are very capital-intensive and require in-depth preparation in the hierarchy of road organizations. Goal. The purpose of this work is to improve the system ofbridge management in the country based on the analysis of world experience. Methodology. The analysis of many bridge management systems in Europe and the United States may allow to find the most rational solution in terms of practical implementation, to improve the situation in the bridge industry – which is the transition from overhaul to preservation of structures in the first 15-20 years. Results. This preservation allows to extend their service life. During this period the repairs of road clothes (at the expense of capital repairs) should be carried out aiming to prevent from developing damages of reinforced concrete elements. Originality. The main feature of the improved system of bridgework management is ensured regulation of the process of bridges maintenance which would provide comfort for traffic and long-term safety of structure functioning. Practical value. To implement this system, it is necessary to divide the operation of roads and the operation of bridges into separate structures with separate funding.
Improvement of the method of evaluation of bitumen binder adhesion
Authors: Pyrig Yan , Galkin Andrey , Zolotaryov Victor
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Problem. Adhesion can be used as one of the general indicators of interaction between bitumen binder and mineral aggregates in asphalt concrete. From this point of view adhesion of binder to mineral surface is one of the factors that directly provides strength and performance of asphalt road pavement. More than 20 years in Ukraine adhesion properties of bitumen evaluated with a ДСТУ Б В.2.7-81-98 standard method. This method is based on evaluation of bitumen adhesion to a glass slide, which is set as a standardized surface. Nowadays the list of the positions of ДСТУ Б В.2.7-81-98 is out of date that requires an improvement of adhesion evaluation method. Goal. This research work is aimed to improve the method of evaluation of bitumen binder adhesion to a glass and mineral material surface. Methodology. To reach the goal the following experimental researches are done: the analysis of different glass slides as a standardized surface, the improvement of the preparation method of glass surface for the test, the choice of the time-temperature regimes of the test. Results. It is found that glass sides for the microscope analysis can be set as a standardized glass surface for the test. Methods of glass surface preparation and a test procedure are improved. The regimes of samples heating and exposure before the test and a time-temperature regimes of the rest is changed in comparison with ДСТУ Б В.2.7-81-98. It was found that stripping of the glass surface in water with a time can be described as a polynomial function irrelevant to the test temperature. For each bitumen binder stripping tends to reach the specific constant level during a test time and stays practically unchanged at the further exposure. Originality. On the analysis of the obtained time-temperature relations for the test samples stripping it is set the test regimes and procedure that allows correct and precision evaluation of the adhesion level for a wide range of bitumen binders with additives. Practical value. The obtained experimental data is a base of developed project of national standard ДСТУ «Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of resistance to stripping on glass and aggregates surface».
Study of the influence of modern superplastificators on the properties of road cement concrete
Authors: Tolmachov Serhii , Belichenko Olena , Moskalenkо Oleksandr , Pokusa Yurii
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In the technology of road concrete, the use of plasticizing additives is mandatory. In the last century, the most widely used plasticizers are lignosulfonates. These additives reduce the water demand of concrete mixtures by 10...15 % and increase the strength of concrete by 20...25 %. However, the presence of sugars in their composition leads to a strong slowdown of the hardening processes and can lead to a decrease the strength of concrete at the age of 28 days. In this century, modern superplasticizers based on polycarboxylates began to be widely used in industrial and civil construction. They were mainly used for the manufacture of cast concrete mixtures. On the other hand, their use in moderately mobile concrete mixes allows reducing water demand by 35...40 % and increasing strength by 60...100 % compared to concretes without additives. However, in such mixtures the use of polycarboxylates leads to a quick setting of the ce-ment and an accelerated set of concrete strength. This does not meet the requirements of the road concrete standards. The goal of the work is to study the influence of modern chemical additives of various nature on the basic properties of road cement con-crete. The article is devoted to the actual problem of the effective use of polycarboxylate superplasticizers
Use of coarse-grained soils reinforced with cement in the construction of pavement layers
Authors: Fomenko Olena , Siedov Andrii
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Problem. When designing and building pavements, it is necessary to make full use of local low-strength stone materials reinforced with inorganic binders (cement, lime, activated ash, etc.). The economic feasibility of using cement soils for paving in areas not provided with local stone materials is particularly significant. Under these conditions, the cost of 1 m² of cement-soil layer is often 1.5-2 times lower than the cost of 1 m² of a uniform layer of imported materials. layer of imported materials. When using the technology of soil strengthening with inorganic binders, there is no need for a significant amount of transport, as it is possible to strengthen the local soil, which is located nearby, and only binders can be delivered to the work site. It is possible to unload cement in the car for distribution of binder directly on a place of carrying out works. Strengthening local soils can provide a solid foundation. Soils suitable for cement hardening are much more common than stone materials. The strength of coarse-grained soils depends on the constituent rocks and the density of laying. Fragments of igneous rockshave the greatest strength, sedimentary rocks have the lowest. The most active part of the cement-soil mixture, which provides the creation of a new structure of the reinforced soil, is cement. As a result of the interaction of cement with water, with salts present in the soil and partially with the fine part of the soil, a new water-resistant crystallization structure appears in the strengthened soil. The strength of this structure is determined mainly by the composition and quality of cement. During soil treatment with cement, hydration processes, as well as other chemical reactions will increase or slow down dependingon the chemical and mineral compositions of cement, the nature of the soil and its physicochemical state at the time of treatment. When strengthening soils with cements of the same brands, but of different mineral composition, cement soils with different properties will be obtained. Therefore, the final decision on the suitability of cement and its dosage is made based on the results of tests of cement soil samples. In each case, the decision to use highquality cements or additives that increase thestrength and frost resistance of the cement soil must be economically justified.
Substantiation of prospective direction for developing devices to reglate pressure in truck tires
Authors: Mykhalevych Mykola , Prosyak Alexey
Published: October 2021

Analysis of the theory of the car and its basic elements makes it possible to state the exceptional importance of the pneumatic tire, which provides movement during the operation of the vehicle. The most important parameter that characterizes the condition of the pneumatic tire is the pressure, which can fluctuate during movement, but, at the same time, is a controlled parameter due to the possibility of inflating the tire in the presence of special devices during movement. Methodology. The purpose of the article is a reasonable prospect of creating new models of devices for tire pressure regulation in trucks. To achieve this goal, the methods of hypothesis, mathematical modeling to confirm it, methods of analysis, generalization were used. Results. The article proves that under the influence of the load on the wheel, the air temperature in the tires will be different and, accordingly, there will be differences in the pressure parameters in the pneumatic tires of trucks. In this regard, the solution to the issue of tire pressure regulation in trucks should be considered from the standpoint of differentiated pressure regulation, taking into account the difference in pressure parameters, which allows pumping each individual tire without a forced stop. Originality. The scientific novelty of the article is that it substantiates the promising direction of development of pressure monitoring devices in truck tires based on the analysis of the theoretical model of heating the pneumatic tires. Practical value. The practical significance of the study is that the article identifies the need to change approaches to pressure regulation based on the transition from centralized pumping systems to pumping systems based on a differentiated approach to individual air pressure control systems in truck tires.
Design of components of adaptive control system of conveyor transport
Authors: Pluhina Tetiana , Yefymenko Oleksandr , Suponyev Vladimir , Nikolaichuk Nina
Published: October 2021

The task design of components of adaptive control system of conveyor transport was carried out. The analysis of existing researches and publications, in which the main problem is highlighted, namely that uncertainty and external conditions during operation leads to the need to introduce new components, functions of the actuator conveyor and ensuring the adaptation based on intelligent control. As a result of the existing researches analysis and publications, the purpose of research is set, namely: increasing the efficiency of the conveyor line control system by designing the components of the adaptive control system that implement the algorithm of adaptation in conditions of uncertainty. The concept of а multicriteria choice, set of indicators for assessing the properties of a design system and its total effect have been substantiated. The results of the research are as follows: structured the functions of adaptive systems; the basic modes of development of adaptive control systems and their realization in industrial conditions are set, for that purpose, the mathematical support for exposing the vagueness of control worked out by ACIT KHNADU is used; the principles of development of adaptive control systems, technical support and requirements produced to the basic components of system (subsystems) are proposed. The practical value lies in the fact that the choice of components control systems makes it possible to improve the accuracy and the possibility of data correction. The originality lies in the use of multicriteria evaluation method and parameter optimization. Models are universal, will allow to select a set of technical means of CT control system according to the selected criteria and restrictions of each type of elements.
Measuring system for monitoring the polydimensional deformation of superstructures of bridges and over-bridges
Authors: Levterov Andrii
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Bridges belong to critical structures. Therefore the geodetic monitoring of their stability should be performed during their operation. Correctly and qualitatively performed control over stability of the ready-built construction increases the term and the reliability of operation of the bridge and considerably increases the safety of its use. All over the world there is a tendency to increase the length of superstructures of bridges and to use widely the flexible constructions. This makes these structures even more sensitive to dynamic loads. Based on the concept of unfolding the laser beam in the horizontal plane, the methods and devices for measuring the polydimensional deformations of superstructures of bridges and over-bridges were developed. The article examines the methods and devices for measuring the polydimensional deformation of superstructures of bridges and over-bridges with the use of deployable optical laser systems for measuring the longitudinal deformation of superstructures and an ultrasonic sensor for measuring transverse deformation. The devices use lasers with continuous radiation of a beam of a certain wavelength. Optical collimators are arranged in series with the lasers. The spinner, for example, is an engine on the shaft of which there is a mirror or a prism with a reflecting face at an angle of 45° to the laser beam, or a rotating optical wedge, due to which the laser beam is deployed in a horizontal plane. All n sequentially arranged deformation sensors and an additional photodetector for the control of the deflection of the wire on which the ultrasonic sensor is installed, are made in the form of a line of elements of a certain length, and each photodetector has the same number of elements. Each element of the photodetector is made of a certain material that transmits a laser beam without any special interference. The devices can be used in the automated system of monitoring of the deformations of the bridge structure (ASDB), which will allow the quick control of their condition, displacements and deflections resulting from the external climatic influences, as well as the amplitude of oscillation of loads from the continuous traffic with non-cyclic long-term loading of superstructures of bridges and over-bridges.
Reasons for violation of geotechnology during the building of tunnels and subways
Authors: Smolianiuk Nadiia , Bilchenko Anatoliy
Published: October 2021

Due to its specificity and increased complexity, the building of underground transport interchanges and subways is often accompanied by the occurrence of emergencies. Each accident requires careful analysis for further consideration of abnormal situations during design and building. Goal. The goal is to find causes of emergencies during the building of tunnels and subways for studying them and gaining experience in preventing such situations in the future. Methodology. The experience in the building of underground structures shows that abnormal emergencies arise because of the influence of unfavorable natural factors, technical malfunctions and the human factor. The analysis of errors in tunneling showed that the violation of geotechnologies is a serious problem, and the occurrence of accidents is influenced by a set of causes that are difficult to predict due to their close interconnection. Results. The use of geotechnologies in underground construction is extremely necessary. Only by establishing cooperation between geotechnicians and design engineers, emergencies can be prevented. Originality. In multiphase systems, soil characteristic is accompanied by its stratification into separate phases, one of which is decompaction. This changes the magnitude of the loads that are transferred to the foundation pit fencing or to the temporary fastening of the tunnel. As a result, an inadequate soil model that is very difficult to assess over time arises. Practical value. During the building of tunnels and subways, it is necessary to clearly identify the cause of each phenomenon that has led to the accident, in order to exclude cost and time overspendings.
Increasing pavement bitumen adhesion with DAD adhesion additives
Authors: Pyrig Yan , Galkin Andrey
Published: October 2021

An important factor that largely determines the water resistance and durability of asphalt pavements is the adhesion of bituminous binders to the surface of stone materials. The most common method of increasing the adhesion of binders is the use of adhesive additives. Given that the range of adhesives used in the road industry is con-stantly updated, and their effectiveness is determined by the characteristics of binders and stone materials, issues related to the assessment of the impact of additives on the properties and, in particular, the adhesion of bituminous binders, are relevant. Goal. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of adhesive additives of the DAD series on the proper-ties of bitumen used in the road industry of Ukraine. Methodology. For bitumen modified with DAD-1, DAD-K and DAD-KT 2 additives, standard quality indicators have been determined in accordance with the norms of national standards DSTU 4044 and SOU 45.2-00018112-067. Particular attention was paid to determining the adhesive properties of binders, which were evaluated by the method of adhesion to the glass surface and the method of rotation of the bottle, and the thermal stability of additives is evaluated by changes in adhesion after aging of binders by TFOT and RTFOT. Based on the obtained experimental data, it was found that the adhesion additives of DAD have practically no effect on the basic standard quality indicators of road viscous bitumen. When modifying bitumen with the maximum concentrations recommended by the manufacturer, the additives significantly increase the adhesion of bitumen to the glass surface. The surface of the grains of the ac-cepted stone materials treated with bitumen modified with the additive DAD-KT 2, after the test by the method of rotation of the bottle for 6 hours showed 40% of them remain covered with binder. Novelty. The thermal stability of DAD adhesive additives significantly depends on the accepted method of aging. The main factor that reduces the adhesive properties of the DAD-1 additive is the intense interaction with air. The adhesion properties of bitumen modified with the addition of DAD-CT 2 is significantly increased after aging. Practical value. The expediency and efficiency of the use of additives of the DAD series in the production of asphalt concrete mixtures should be established based on the characteristics of the bitumen and stone materials used.
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables, American Stock Market Index and Covid-19 Pandemic on Indonesia Capital Market Development (Time Series Study 1990-2020)
Authors:   Universitas Borobudur, Indonesia, Rizqia Almira , Astuty Pudji , Subiyantoro Heru
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is 1.) To analyze the influence of foreign investment on the development of the Indonesian capital market. 2).To analyze the influence of the Exchange Rate on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 3).To analyze the influence of the Interest Rate on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 4).To analyze the influence of the Dow Jones Stock Market Index on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 5).To analyze the influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic (dummy variable) on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market.6). In this study, secondary data and library research were used as a technique for collecting data, using semi-annual data for the period 1990-2020. The research was processed using the EViews 11 program with the multiple linear regression method. The results of the research are known if 1.) Foreign Direct Investment has a significant and positive effect on Capital Market Development. 2.) Exchange Rates have a significant and positive influence on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 3.) Interest Rates have a significant and negative effect on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 4.) The Dow Jones Stock Market Index has a significant and positive effect on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market. 5.) The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant and negative effect on the Development of the Indonesian Capital Market in the period 1990 to 2020. The results of this study are expected to contribute to policy holders regarding the role of macroeconomic variables on the development of the capital market, so that in the future it can be one of the references in conducting the policy mix so as to improve the development of the Indonesian capital market.
Combating counterfeiting in Russia: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Ivanov Petr , Zhuravlev Alexey , Annikov Alexey
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the emergence and further development of the mechanism for combating counterfeiting in Russia. The extensive material available to date on the history of the emergence of counterfeiting and the fight against it objectively needs a deep theoretical understanding in the context of creating a modern mechanism of the counteraction to this socio-legal phenomenon.
Aydın İli Söke İlçesinde Sütçü İneklerde Subklinik Mastitis Prevalansının ve Mastitise Neden Olan Aerobik Bakterilerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Çelik Özkan , Sur Erdem , Çetin Hayrettin
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada, Aydın ili Söke ilçesinin farklı mahallelerinde bulunan Siyah‐Alaca ineklerde subklinik mastitis oranının belirlenmesi ve subklinik mastitise neden olan bakterilerin sekans analizi ile moleküler identifikasyonunlarının yapılması amaçlandı. Materyal olarak 312 baş Siyah‐Alaca ineğin 1231 meme lobu kullanıldı. California Mastitis Test (CMT) sonucunda, ineklerin %72,44'ünün ve meme loblarının %46,63'ünün subklinik mastitisli olduğu belirlendi. California Mastitis Testi pozitif 226 inekten aseptik şartlarda alınan süt numunelerinin 128'inde (%56,64) patojen mikroorganizmalar tespit edilirken 98'inde (%43,36) besi yerinde patojen etken üremedi. Yüz yirmi sekiz numuneden, 178 adet mikroorganizma ürediği, bunlardan 77'sinin (%43,75) bulaşıcı, 99'unun (%56,25) çevresel mastitis grubu bakteri, ikisinin ise maya olduğu tespit edildi. Streptecoccus spp., Stapylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus spp. ve koliform grubu bakterilerin en çok identifiye edilen türler olduğu görüldü. Altlık materyali olarak gübrenin kullanıldığı işletmelerde, çevresel mastitis etkenlerinin subklinik mastitiste başlıca risk faktörü olduğu tespit edildi. Kauçuk altlık kullanılan işletmelerde subklinik mastitisin önemli derecede azaldığı tespit edildi (P
Hak Warga Negara Indonesia atas Kesehatan di Era Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: QADARIAH MUSDALIFAH
Published: October 2021

HAM adalah hak yang melekat pada manusia karena kelahirannya sebagai manusia. Hak atas kesehatan meliputi hak untuk mendapatkan kehidupan dan pekerjaan yang sehat, hak untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan, dan perhatian khusus terhadap kesehatan ibu dan anak. Saat ini Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau yang sering biasa disebut Covid-19 merupakan sebuah pandemi yang tak pelak usai hingga saat ini wabah ini sudah mengakibatkan sejumlah perbuahan besar dalam berbagai sektor salah diantaranya yaitu sektor ekonomi. Kasus kematian Covid-19 kian hari kian meningkat. Upaya pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai macam cara yang meliputi pencegahan dan penyembuhan. Indonesia menjadikan pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19 sebagai bagian dari strategi penanggulangan pandemic. Dengan diperkuatnya imunitas masyarakat, produktivitas juga akan meningkat sehingga meminimalkan dampak ekonomi dan sosial yang selama ini menjadi salah satu isu utama pandemi COVID-19.Pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19 tetap harus dibarengan dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan yang ketat, seperti menggunakan masker, mencuci tangan dan menjaga jarak aman minimal 1-2 meter. Hal ini tidak hanya berlaku di Indonesia saja, tapi di seluruh dunia pun mengalami dan harus melakukan hal yang sama.
keadilan dalam perspektif ekonomi islam
Authors: Salfitra Alifta , Hasanah Auliya Izzah , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keadilan yang ada dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Kegiatan ekonomi dalam Islam harus berdasarkan prinsipkeadilan untuk mewujudkan kemakmuran maupun kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan metode penafsiran analitik. Berdasarkan penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sifat adil itu harus dimiliki oleh setiap manusia untuk menegakkan kebenaran tanpa terkecuali. Dan Islam telah memerintahkan kita untuk berlaku adil terhadap sesama. Sebagaimana firman Allah SWT dalam surat al Maidah ayat 8. Allah SWT menegaskan bahwa ‘’janganlah sekali kali kebencian terhadap suatu, menjadikanmu tidak adil karena adil itu lebih dekat kepada taqwa.’’ Jadi, janganlah kita membenci kepada seseorang dan tidak berlaku adil terhadapnya. Sesungguhnya berlaku adil adalah jalan yang terdekat untuk mencapai tujuan bertaqwa kepada Allah. Allah yang menurunkan Islam sebagai sumber dan pedoman bagi kehidupan manusia, yang didalamnya menekankan kepada kita untuk menegakkan keadilan untuk semua termasuk kepada orang yang kita benci sekali pun.
Manfaat Tanaman Kina dalam Membangun Imun dan Antibodi Tubuh
Authors: Rana Sasiki
Published: October 2021

Tanaman kina adalah tanaman obat yang sudah dikenal sejak lama. Tanaman kina ini digadang gadang menjadi obat antivirus COVID-19. Didalam tanaman kina ini terdapat kandungan alkaloid dan juga memiliki klokurin fosfat. Alkaloid secara umum memiliki beberapa manfaat yaitu memacu sistem saraf,menjaga kestabilan tekanan darah, dan juga melawan infeksi mikroba dalam tubuh.
Menggalakkan kegiatan sehat bugar pada lingkungan masyarakat terutama pada LANSIA
Authors: Mulia Restinanda Putri
Published: October 2021

World Health Organization (WHO) menggolongkan lanjut usia menjadi empat yaitu; usia pertengahan 45-59 tahun, lanjut usia 60-74 tahun, lanjut usia tua 75-90 tahun, dan usia sangat tua 90 tahun. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang terletak di Asia Tenggara yang memasuki era penduduk berstruktur lansia (aging structured population) karena jumlah penduduk yang berusia di atas 60 tahun sekitar 7,18 persen dan diperkirakan pada tahun 2015 akan mengalam peningkatan hampir dua kali lipat dibandingkan pada tahun 2011 menjadi lebih dari 432 ribu orang atau 11,4 persen dari jumlah penduduk. Proses penuaan disertai adanya penurunan fungsi organ, peningkatan gangguan organ dan fungsi tubuh, terjadi perubahan komposisi tubuh, sehingga muncullah berbagai keluhan gangguan kesehatan seperti hipertensi. Hipertensi yang sering terjadi pada lansia adalah hipertensi sitolik yaitu jika tekanan sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik < 90 mmHg.