bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Netrin-1 receptor deficiency protects against psychostimulant-induced behaviours in mice
Authors: Hoops Daniel , Grant Alanna , Labelle-Dumais Cassandre , Flores Cecilia
Published: July 2022

Psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamine, increase extracellular dopamine in certain brain regions, including those that make up the mesolimbic dopamine system. Dysfunction of this system is implicated in drug addiction. The development of the mesolimbic dopamine system involves netrins, a group of secreted proteins that guide growing axons to their targets. Mice that develop with reduced expression of deleted in colorectal cancer, a netrin-1 receptor, exhibit abnormal dopamine release in response to psychostimulant drugs. Furthermore, these mice show reduced amphetamine-induced locomotor activation when compared to wild-type mice. In this study, our objective is to further examine the drug-induced behaviours of DCC deficient mice. We compared adult DCC deficient and wild-type mice using two behavioural tests. First, we examined the locomotor response of these mice to cocaine. Second, using conditioned place preference, we assessed the rewarding effects of amphetamine. DCC deficient mice showed reduced cocaine-induced locomotor activation and diminished amphetamine-induced reward when compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, this study suggests that DCC deficiency can protect against certain psychostimulant-induced behaviours.
poppy seed defense: scientifically sound?
Authors: Kaczorowski Maya
Published: July 2022

Since the infamous Seinfeld episode, there has been much doubt cast upon the relationship between the effects of poppy seed ingestion and testing positive for opiates. In the episode, Elaine fails a drug test after eating a poppy seed bagel for breakfast. A number of quasi-scientific sources, such as the TV show MythBusters, and several published scientific articles have since confirmed the effect of poppy seed consumption on positive drug testing. However, the amount of poppy seeds necessary for a positive result remains unknown. Additionally, the range of concentrations of morphine and codeine in poppy seeds makes it hard to determine a legitimate threshold value for the concentration of morphine in order to test positive, as there is currently no method that is able to conclusively distinguish poppy seed enthusiasts from drug users based on urine samples.
Investigating auditory fear memory erasure in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Spevack Rachel , Mamou Cyrinne , Nader Karim
Published: July 2022

New memories are initially fragile and need protein synthesis in order to be stabilized for long-term storage, a mechanism called cellular consolidation. When recalled, memories are re-activated and become unstable again. They therefore need to be re-stored through a process called reconsolidated. Behavioural studies in rats using auditory fear conditioning have demonstrated that propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, administered following memory reactivation can reduce fear expression (freezing), which has been interpreted as amnesia for the fear memory. It was recently discovered that GluR1-containing AMPA receptors are recruited into the post-synaptic membrane of the basolateral amygdala during auditory fear conditioning, suggesting that synaptic GluR1 increase may be a molecular correlate of long-term memory. The present study aims to investigate what molecular mechanisms accounts for the observed amnesia following a reconsolidation blockade by propranolol. Rats were trained in an auditory fear conditioning task, and fear memory reactivation was followed by systemic propranolol administration. Rats were then euthanized and GluR1 protein levels in baso-lateral amygdala synaptoneurosomes were quantified. We report preliminary evidence to suggest that a reconsolidation blockade by propranolol reduces fear expression with a concomitant reduction in GluR1. Such evidence suggests that a reconsolidation blockade might, at a molecular level, erase a component of the fear memory, providing support for the clinical utility of this treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Uncovering fluctuations in atmospheric transmission using the VERITAS pointing monitors
Authors: Feige Ilya
Published: July 2022

Our project encompasses the creation of software that provides nightly estimates of atmospheric transmission and tracks its long-term fluctuations for the VERITAS telescopes. Using archived image files taken from the pointing monitors of the VERITAS telescope, we wrote software that selects stars of appropriate brightness and quantifies their intensity. We then plotted the star intensity as a function of the secant of the telescope angle from the zenith and observed a linear relationship. The ratio of this slope divided by its intercept has a value that is independent of the stars chosen and is proportional to the length of attenuation of light travelling through the atmosphere. By analyzing nightly data for all four telescopes, one can measure the magnitude of the fluctuations in atmospheric transmission using the ratio of the slope over the intercept. This method will allow improvements in the quality of the measurements taken by the VERITAS telescopes, by giving VERITAS control over the effects of the atmosphere on their star intensity data.
DJA1 and DJA2 Carboxyl-Terminal Fragments and their Role in Peptide Binding and Luciferase Refolding
Authors: Ebsary Adrian , Nimmo Chelsea , Wong Michael , Young Jason
Published: July 2022

DJA1 and DJA2 are Hsp40-family co-chaperone proteins that regulate the activity of the chaperone Hsc70/Hsp70. The N-terminal J domains of DJA1 and DJA2 promote ATP hydrolysis and polypeptide binding by Hsc70. Both co-chaperones are also thought to bind unfolded polypeptides in their central to C-terminal regions. Yet, the two are functionally distinct, possibly due to divergence in the connections between their functional domains. Here, we constructed C-terminal fragments of DJA1 (A1-C, residues 254-397) and DJA2 (A2-C, residues 254-412), expected to contain the homodimerization site but not the main polypeptide-binding region. The fragments were expressed in E. coli under optimized conditions, and purified. Co-precipitation experiments with the pure fragments suggested that A1-C retained partial binding to model polypeptides, while A2-C showed less binding. The fragments were then transfected into HeLa cells, in which overexpression of full-length DJA1 and DJA2 had previously been found to increase the folding of a co-transfected model protein. Both A1-C and A2-C increased folding moderately, less than the full-length co-chaperones, but notably the fragments did not inhibit folding. These results suggest that these C-terminal domains may provide a second site for polypeptide binding, contributing to the substrate specificity or overall activity of the co-chaperones.
Bisphenol A impacts cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro by modulating cardiac protein expression
Authors: Swami Vimarsha , Chalifour Lorraine E.
Published: July 2022

introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental toxin commonly found in plastics and is able to mimic the actions of endogenous steroid hormones. BPA binds and activates intracellular estrogen receptors (eRα and eRβ) and estrogen related receptor γ (eRRγ), all of which are present in cardiomyocytes. however, it is unclear how BPA impacts the heart. We hypothesized that BPA modulates the expression of proteins regulating cardiac structure, energy and calcium homeostasis during cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro. Methods: We differentiated h9C2 cells into cardiomyocytes in hormone-replete (Rm) or hormone-depleted (hD) media. We co-treated the cells with graded amounts of Bpa and pure anti-estrogen ICI 182,780, which blocks eRα and eRβ activity. Immunoblotting measured the expression of the structural protein β-myosin heavy chain (βmhC), calcium homeostasis protein sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium aTpase (seRCa2a), and the cardiac energy-producing protein creatine kinase (CK). results: expression of these proteins was hormone-dependent during cardiomyocyte differentiation, with expression highest in Rm media after 72 or 96 hours of differentiation. adding 10-8 m BPA to hD media increased cardiac structural (βmhC), energy (CK), and calcium homeostasis (seRCa2a) protein expression. Conversely, 10-7 m BPA added to Rm media decreased protein expression. Co-treatment with ICI 182,780 reduced Bpa-mediated induction of seRCa2a and CK expression in hD media. discussion: BPA modulates cardiac structure, calcium and energy homeostasis protein expression during cardiomyocyte differention in vitro. moreover, the data suggest that BPA mediates these changes in protein expression through activation of cardiomyocyte eRα, eRβ, or eRRγ.
Re-tuning the Walker-Kasting global carbon cycle box model using a parameter sensitivity analysis
Authors: Yang Simon , Carozza David A. , Mysak Lawrence A.
Published: July 2022

introduction: The Walker-Kasting global carbon cycle box model is a simple representation of the earth system used to study climatic events. This model has a high number of parameters whose sensitivity must be tested in order to better understand which of them dominate the behaviour of the model. In this study, we perform a parameter sensitivity analysis. moreover, we use these results to re-tune the model to preindustrial conditions using a quantitative criterion. We then compare our results to those determined by Walker-Kasting. Methods: We achieved the parameter sensitivity analysis by calculating, for each parameter, an index that measures the impact of a change in the initial parameter value on the equilibrium solutions. The most sensitive parameters were determined and then tuned in the model by comparing the model equilibrium solutions to a set of 32 experimental values. results: We found that nine of the tuning parameters were sensitive to a change to their initial value. Furthermore, we discovered that 5 of these parameter values were identical to those determined by Walker-Kasting, thus affirming their work. discussion: a sensitivity analysis is interesting to perform because it allows the users of a model to more fully comprehend the way in which the model reacts to changes in its parameters. sensitivity analysis is fundamental in the tuning of a model (for example, to a particular period in the earth’s history) since it allows researchers to consider only the most important parameters.
Challenges and solutions to the worldwide tuberculosis epidemic
Authors: Landon Ben
Published: July 2022

Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease responsible for a current worldwide epidemic which results in 1.5 million deaths per year. citizens of developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia, are at a higher risk of infection and death. in some developing countries, as much as 80% of the population tests positive for latent tuberculosis infection, in comparison to approxi- mately 5% for developed countries such as the United states. studies of the current vaccine bacillus calmette-guerin show that elicits a decreased immune response in patients from some areas of the world. in treating tuberculosis, the world health organization has developed doTs, directly observed Treatment, short course, a program which has evolved from a simple treat- ment regiment to a complete guideline on political involvement, logistics and medical operations and has been met with astounding success rates. new diagnostic techniques and vaccines cur- rently in research bring promise to combatting and ending the tuberculosis epidemic.
Point estimates of Crustal thickness Using receiver Function Stacking
Authors: Hobbs Tiegan , Darbyshire Fiona A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Through receiver function analysis, this study inquires into some of the most basic properties of the crust below southern and central Quebec. Methods: This is accomplished, using receiver function technique, by stacking waveforms from 277 teleseismic events magnitude 6.0 and larger to find the delay in arrival time for several phases of the p-wave coda, relative to the initial p-wave arrival. This information is used to establish a linear relationship between thickness and p- to s-wave velocity ratio, each of which is stacked for a given station to identify a best-fit estimate for depth to the moho and Vp/Vs ratio. To determine their accuracy these results are compared with previous seismic studies, as well as synthetically generated receiver function p-wave arrivals based on simple 1d crustal models. Thickness calculations for the crust varied from 28 to 48 km; variation which was most likely the result of either complicated 3d structures or a shortage of available high-magnitude events for some stations. most of the results fell within appropriate windows outlined by studies like liTHoprobe. discussion: given that the 9 broadband stations used in this study compose an area from the superior province, grenville province and a selection of their subprovinces and intrusions, reliable evaluations of the crustal thicknesses below these seismic stations have broad relevance in understanding the crustal structure below Quebec.
A study of the effect of auditory prime type on emotional facial expression recognition
Authors: Sethi Sameer , Pell Dr. Marc D.
Published: July 2022

Background: In this study, we investigated the influence of two types of emotional auditory primes - vocalizations and pseudoutterances - on the ability to judge a subsequently presented emotional facial expression in an event-related potential (ERP) study using the facial-affect decision task. We hypothesized that accuracy would be greater for congruent trials than for incongruent trials. This is due to the possibility that a congruent prime would allow the listener to implicitly identify the particular emotion of the face more effectively. We also hypothesized that the normal priming effect would be observed in the N400 for both prime types, i.e. a greater negativity for incongruent trials than for congruent trials.

Methods: Emotional primes (vocalization or pseudoutterance) were presented to participants who were then asked to make a judgment regarding whether or not a facial expression conveyed an emotion. Behavioural data on participant accuracy and experimental electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected and subsequently analyzed for six participants.

Results: Behavioural results showed that participants were more accurate in judging faces when primed with vocalizations than pseudoutterances. ERP results revealed that a normal priming effect was observed for vocalizations in the 150 msec - 250 msec temporal window – where greater negativities were produced during incongruent trials than during congruent trials – whereas the reverse effect was observed for pseudoutterances. Few participants were tested (n = 7). Hence, this study is a pilot study preceding a further study conducted with a greater sample size (n = 25) and slight modifications in the methodology (such as the duration of auditory primes.)

Conclusions: Vocalizations showed the expected priming effect of greater negativities for incongruent trials than for congruent trials, while pseudoutterances unexpectedly showed the opposite effect. These results suggest that vocalizations may provide more prosodic information in a shorter time and thereby generate the expected congruency effect.
Microstimulation to the Middle Temporal Area and its Effect on the Generation of Microsaccades
Authors: Riaz Haider , Golzar Ashkan
Published: July 2022

It has been repeatedly shown that neural activity in different brain structures can be correlated with perceptual and cognitive functions using electrical microstimulation. Currently, microstimulation is the only method that can demonstrate causal links between neural activity and specific cognitive functions. This study investigates the effects of microstimulation to the MT area of the visual cortex on the production of microsaccades for several seconds. Microsaccades are a type of fixational eye movement characterized by their quickness and low amplitude. The preliminary findings in this paper suggest that microstimulation to the MT area causes an increase in frequency and peak velocity of microsaccades. However, a more in-depth analysis to establish a correlation between the two was unsuccessful. These results suggest further investigation into the effects of microstimulation on microsaccades – using more sophisticated and reliable data collecting and analyzing techniques – is necessary.
Neuroplasticity and Post-Synaptic Rebound-Induced Spiking at Purkinje Cell-Deep Cerebellar Nuclei Synapses
Authors: Hotton Jenna
Published: July 2022

Background: Within the cerebellum white matter are located four pairs of nuclei, collectively known as the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) (1). In the cerebellum, signal integration from pre-cerebellar structures via excitatory parallel fibers and climbing fibers in the cerebellar cortex occurs in GABAergic Purkinje cells (PC) (2). The main target of these PC cells is the DCN (2) and approximately 85% of GABAergic input on the DCN is from PCs (3). Furthermore, PCs outnumber DCN neurons (26:1) (2). Therefore, despite receiving substantial inhibition from Purkinje cells, DCN neurons are still active at rest showing regular spiking or spontaneous bursts (4). DCN neurons fire spontaneously at approximately 10-50 Hz (5). Given this unique anatomy of PC-DCN synapses, characterization of this synaptic circuit is important in understanding the overall role of the DCN in the brain.

Methods: The findings of 28 studies, including a few reviews, are reported in this paper. Studies selected focused principally on characterization of DCN circuitry properties and the role these properties have in the functioning of the DCN. Most studies employed in vivo and/or in vitro cellular recordings in rodents, among other models. Studies ranged from 1984 to 2013.

Summary: This review outlines current findings on the forms of plasticity found in the DCN, the function of the DCN and the connections between the DCN and other brain regions. In short, neurons in the DCN demonstrate both synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity. Cerebellar involvement in motor activity has been extensively studied therefore, not surprisingly; DCN neurons form connections with the motor cortex but also the prefrontal cortex. PC input on the DCN influences spike rate and timing through fluctuations in PC synchrony, and rebound depolarization.
Tecnologias assistivas relacionadas à moda para pessoas com deficiência visual
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Diego de , Okimoto Maria Lucia Leite Ribeiro
Published: July 2022

A moda inclusiva vem ganhando destaque no Brasil desde a criação do Concurso de Moda Inclusiva em 2009, que expôs o potencial de mercado na indústria da moda envolvendo as pessoas com deficiência. Trata-se de um modelo de negócios com grande potencial, considerando que 23,9% da população brasileira apresenta algum tipo de deficiência, sendo 18,8% com algum tipo de deficiência visual de acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar o estado da arte das tecnologias assistivas para pessoas com deficiência visual no âmbito da moda. Como método, os pesquisadores adaptaram a Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática Roadmap, identificando 19 artigos relevantes para análise e interpretação. Como resultado da RBS, foram mapeadas 30 soluções de tecnologias assistivas com foco no vestuário e nas PcD visual (etiquetas têxteis em Braille, códigos de cores, aplicativos inteligentes entre outras). Além disso, o estudo traz um aprofundamento sobre as barreiras, preferências e as relações dos deficientes visuais com o vestuário no cotidiano, demonstrando que muitas soluções propostas para este público não proporcionam um design universal e/ou inclusivo.
The relationship between pre-service teachers' work values and lifelong learning tendencies
Authors: İbrahim Limon , Ayça Kaya , Ümit Dilekçi
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the association between the pre-service teachers' work values and lifelong learning tendencies. The sample of the study consists of 248 pre-service teachers studying in three different universities (two states and one private) in Turkey in the academic year 2020-2021. They were selected through convenience sampling. The "Work Values Scale" and “Lifelong Learning Tendencies Scale” were used as data collection tools. Arithmetic means, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. The findings indicated that extrinsic, social and leisure rewards were “fairly important” and intrinsic rewards were “very important” for pre-service teachers. On the other hand, pre-service teachers' opinion on willingness to learn for openness to improvement. There were weak and moderate level, positive and significant correlations between the dimensions of work values and lifelong learning tendencies. The regression analysis suggested that the effects of intrinsic and social rewards on motivation to learn and openness to improvement were significant. However, extrinsic and leisure rewards did not have significant effects on motivation to learn and openness to improvement. The findings were discussed based on the previous literature.
A systematic review of mindfulness studies in ESL and EFL contexts
Authors: Zeynep Koçali , Asuman Aşik
Published: July 2022

Mindfulness, as an ancient practice, has also started to be incorporated into second or foreign language settings in recent years. Due to this new and novel integration into the field, practitioners in foreign language teaching contexts are not clear about what mindfulness means and how it can be used in the classroom. This systematic review aims to present a general synthesis of studies conducted in English as a Second or Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) contexts in relation to mindfulness. For this purpose, various databases were searched and 23 relevant studies were included in the review. First, the most frequent themes explored in mindfulness studies were identified. Then, the main findings of the selected studies were analyzed under two categories, studies with intervention and studies without intervention. The findings revealed that the most frequently investigated themes in mindfulness studies are foreign language anxiety and language performance. The findings revealed that mindfulness treatments employed in the studies were found to have mostly positive effects on ESL/EFL learners. Furthermore, studies conducted without intervention pointed out a positive relationship between mindfulness skills and foreign language education. Overall, the findings of this review, pedagogical implications and further research are discussed in the paper.
Building Pupils’ Creativity at Lower Secondary School: Science Teachers’ Perspectives in Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Sukardi Rendi Restiana , Sopandi Wahyu , . Riandi , Rahmawati Yuli , . Syifahayu , . Meilinda , Rohimah Siti Maryam , Helsa Yullys
Published: July 2022

This study aims to investigate lower secondary science teachers’ perspectives of teaching strategies for developing pupils’ creativity as one of the 21st-century skills in rural and urban areas. This descriptive research consisted of 110 participants who are lower secondary school science teachers in rural and urban areas from 22 provinces in Indonesia. A survey technique was employed as the method. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires, unstructured interviews, and lesson plan analyses that were validated by two experts in science education. The results showed that 33.30% of teachers prioritize the acquisition of creativity in learning. They mention science skills as the basis for gaining knowledge of concepts from learning experiences. Furthermore, lesson plans of teachers in rural and urban areas show that there is no significant difference between the number of divergent questions and the number of convergent questions in order to develop pupils’ creativity. The numbers of divergent and convergent questions are 50.90% and 49.10%, respectively. Only 2.80% of Indonesian lower secondary science teachers have the initiative to implement teaching strategies that are suitable for the circumstances of their pupils so that learning is more progressive. In conclusion, most teachers from rural and urban areas apply teaching methods from abroad without adapting these to the pupils’ circumstances. This study indicates the importance of developing a new teaching strategy that is able to raise pupils’ levels of creativity based on their conditions and the Indonesian curriculum.
Influence of cultivation methods on the premier cultivar of Hungarian clover yield in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Bogolyubova E. V.
Published: July 2022

Studies have been carried out on the influence of cultivation methods on the green mass yield and the herbage structure of the perennial fodder plant - Premier cultivar of Hungarian clover in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. A three-factor experience was laid out for the study. The effect of the timing of sowing spring oats under a cover (II ten-day period of May) and summer coverless oats (II ten-day period of July), sowing methods - row (15 cm) and wide-row (60 cm) and two rates of seeding - 1 and 2 million germinated seeds per 1 ha was studied. It is shown that in the second year of life, clover does not yet form an economically significant level of yield of aboveground mass due to biological features. At the same time, this is the year when the influence of different cultivation methods can be traced. The best result was obtained when sowing in the spring in a row - 35 cwt/ ha of dry weight. In the transition of plants to the adult generative state, starting from the third year, an increase in the yield in all variants of the experiment to 80-100 c/ha due to the increase in height and density of the most productive generative shoots was recorded. The intensity of shoot formation differed by variants. The highest was noted on low-productive with the lowest number of generative shoots of the second year - summer wide-row crops. The ability of Hungarian clover to self-regulate the density of shoots depending on the feeding area was noted. As a result, by the fourth year of life, differences in herbage yield between spring and summer sowing dates, low and high (1 and 2 million pcs/ha) seeding rates, row and wide-row sowing methods were leveled.
Correlations between Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jayanti Saktryana Endang Ragil , Widyaningsih Vitri , Budihastuti Uki Retno
Published: July 2022

Background: Obesity is one of the biggest public health problems in the world. Obesity is associated with various health problems, decreased quality of life and death. Obesity is known to have an impact on women's lives, namely Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) which if not treated immediately can cause sleep apnea. This study aims to analyze the relationship between obesity and PCOS and sleep apnea.
Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Population = women, Intervention = obesity, Comparison = not obese, Outcomes = PCOS and sleep apnea. Article searches through journal databases include: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Springerlink. The keywords used are obesity OR obese AND PCOS OR “Polycystic Ovary Syn- drome” AND “sleep apnea” OR “Poor Sleep” OR “obstructive sleep apnea”. Articles were selected with the help of PRISMA flow diagrams. Inclusion criteria include full-text articles with obser- vational studies, multivariate analysis results in the form of aOR values and published from 2012- 2021. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application.
Results: Eighteen articles from the United States, Brazil, China, Turkey, Iraq, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Korea, West Africa, East Africa, Nigeria and the United Kingdom were included in the meta- analysis. A meta-analysis of the results of the case-control study design subgroup (4 articles) and the cross-sectional study (4 articles) showed that obese women had a 1.14-fold increased risk of developing PCOS compared to non-obese women (aOR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.26; p= 0.010). A meta-analysis of 10 cross-sectional studies showed that obese women increased the risk of developing sleep apnea 4.66 times than non-obese women (aOR = 4.66; 95% CI = 3.23 to 6.71; p =
<0.001).
Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor for PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and sleep apnea in women.
Keywords: obesity, PCOS, sleep apnea, meta-analysis.
Correspondence: Saktryana Endang Ragil Jayanti. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: Saktryana.agil@gmail.com. Mobile: 082242154117.
Karbon nanotüp örüntülü polymer silindirik kabukların eksenel yük etkisi altında burkulması
Authors: AVEY Mahmure , KADIOĞLU Fethi , AHMETOLAN Semra
Published: July 2022

Bu makalede, eksenel basınç yüküne maruz kalan karbon nanotüp (KNT) örüntülü silindirik kabukların burkulması, kayma deformasyon teorisi (KDT) çerçevesinde sunulmaktadır. Nanokompozitlerin malzeme özellikleri kalınlık koordinatına bağlı olarak lineer fonksiyon şeklinde değişmektedir. KNT örüntülü silindirik kabukların temel denklemleri Donnell tipi kabuk teorisi baz alınarak türetilmekte ve Galerkin yöntemi uygulanarak kritik eksenel yük ifadesi KDT çerçevesinde elde edilmektedir. Enine kayma deformasyonlarının fonksiyonel olarak derecelendirilmiş (FD) KNT örüntülü silindirik kabukların kritik eksenel yük değerlerine etkileri, KNT örüntüleri, hacim kesir oranı ve kabuk parametreleri değiştirilerek araştırılmaktadır.
Contribuições para a Compreensão da Natureza da Ciência na Educação em Ciências: um Estudo a Partir da Concepção Latouriana Sobre a Fabricação da Objetividade Científica
Authors: Coutinho Francisco Ângelo , Lobo Samuel Itxai Silva , Freitas Ana Paula Silva , Viana Bárbara Mariane Martinez , Von Linsingen Irlan
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo teórico parte da constatação já alicerçada na comunidade de pesquisadores em educação de que ensinar ciência é também ensinar sobre a natureza da ciência. Procurando contribuir para esta proposta de pesquisa e ensino, analisamos a construção da objetividade científica, sob a perspectiva de Bruno Latour, em três momentos distintos: a pesquisa em laboratório, o posicionamento argumentativo do artigo científico e a circulação mais ampla do conhecimento na comunidade científica e nos contextos socioculturais. Discutimos as implicações para a compreensão da natureza da ciência e, ao final, apontamos algumas questões de pesquisa e consequências para o ensino.
Comparison of thiol disulfide values in the cord blood of patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal or general anesthesia
Authors: Soysal Çağanay , Soysal Yalçın , Döğer Cihan , Yılmaz Elif , Özdemir Oğuz , Küçüközkan Tuncay , Erel Özcan
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: Oxidative stress is known to increase in patients receiving anesthesia before undergoing surgery. Since newborns are more sensitive to oxygen-free radicals, the effects and characteristics of anesthesia methods that are used for pregnant women require analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of spinal and general anesthesia on oxidative stress by investigating thiol disulfide and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) concentrations in the cord blood of patients undergoing cesarean section (C-section) via spinal or general anesthesia.

Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study included 60 patients who were indicated for elective cesarean section. Patients with chronic disease, pregnancy complications and/or required emergency cesareans were not included. Group 1 (n = 30) underwent general anesthesia, and Group 2 (n = 30) underwent spinal anesthesia during their C-sections. Thiol–disulfide levels were evaluated concurrently in all blood samples taken from the umbilical artery remaining on the placental side.

Results: The mean age (SD) of the mothers was 30.6 (4.4) years and the mean gestational age (SD) was 39.0 (0.9) weeks. Gestational age, birth weight, and first and fifth min Apgar scores of the two groups were similar. The mean (SD) native thiol (362.4 [63.8]; 323.2 [45.8]), total thiol (409.6 [70.2]; 363.5 [46.1]), and disulfide values (23.6 (5.4); 20.2 (4.3)) were significantly higher in group 1 than group 2, while the median (interquartile range [IQR]) values of IMA (0.89 (0.85-max 0.92); 0.85 (min 0.82-max 0.879) were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: As general anesthesia may cause a higher degree of oxidative stress, selecting the appropriate anesthetic technique may be especially important for risky pregnancies in which increased oxidative stress in the mother and baby may be critical for the outcome.
Predictors of eligibility for reimbursement of antiviral treatment in HBe-Ag negative chronic hepatitis B patients with high ALT levels
Authors: Engin İsmail , Duman Ali Erkan , Ataoğlu Hayriye Esra , Örmeci Aslı Çifçibaşı , Poturoğlu Şule
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: A liver biopsy is required for the reimbursement of antiviral therapy in Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBe-Ag) negative chronic hepatitis B patients. Liver biopsy is an invasive procedure with potential complications, such as bleeding, pain, pneumothorax, and even death. The study aimed to evaluate simple and non-invasive parameters that may help predict histological criteria that would be eligible for antiviral treatment reimbursement.

Methods: HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with alanine transaminase (ALT) levels > upper normal limit (40 IU/L) and HBV DNA viral load > 2000 IU/ml who underwent liver biopsy were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, platelet count, and hepato-steatosis grade based on ultrasonography were used to predict the eligibility for antiviral therapy reimbursement. Eligibility for reimbursement of antiviral treatment regarding histological criteria defined by National Social Security Institution is based on the hepatitis activity index (HAI) score ≥ 6 and/or fibrosis score ≥ 2 according to Ishak’s scoring system.

Results: One hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study; 79 patients (68.7%) were male. The mean age of patients was 46.51 (11.39). Sixty-two patients (53.9%) had a fibrosis score ≥ 2, and 80 (69.6%) patients had an HAI score ≥ 6. Ninety-two (80%) of the patients fulfilled histological criteria for antiviral treatment reimbursement. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and platelet count were independent predictors of eligibility for antiviral treatment reimbursement. The platelet count cut-off point was 198 x 109 /L for predicting eligibility for antiviral treatment reimbursement.

Conclusion: Most patients (92/115, 80%) with high ALT and DNA viral load were eligible for antiviral treatment reimbursement. Platelet count and age may be used as simple non-invasive parameters for predicting the eligibility for antiviral treatment reimbursement in terms of histological findings.
The association of fibrocystic breast disease with endometrial histopathological results in abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Vural Selahattin , Özdemir Oğuz , Sağır Meryem , Soysal Çağanay , Yılmaz Zehra
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: Fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) is the most frequent benign breast disease. Increased estrogen and decreased progesterone concentrations are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of FBD. But there is insufficient data on benign breast disease and endometrial pathology. This study evaluates the association between FBD and endometrial pathology in women complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding.

Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective case-control study. The medical records of women who had endometrial sampling for abnormal uterine bleeding between 2018 and 2020 were evaluated. Patients with FBD were included in the study group, while the first patients who had endometrial sampling after patients with FBD and without breast disease were recruited as the control group. Demographic, laboratory data, and endometrial histopathological results were obtained from hospital records and compared between the groups.

Results: In total, 250 women (106 women with FBD and 144 without breast disease) were recruited for the study. There was no statistically significant difference in mean age, gravidity, parity, and BMI between FBD and control groups. Endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (19.8% versus 10.5%, respectively, P = 0.037) and endometrial polyp (12.2% versus 4.8%, respectively, P = 0.033) were found to be significantly increased in patients with FBD than women without the disease. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of other histopathological results between the groups.

Conclusion: Evaluation of the endometrium for abnormal uterine bleeding is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of endometrial pathology, especially for endometrial cancer. In this study, we found that women with FBD have an increased risk for endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyp. As endometrial hyperplasia is a precursor lesion for endometrial cancer, clinicians should pay attention to and investigate menstrual bleeding abnormalities of women with FBD and should not delay the evaluation of the endometrium.
A cohort study on use of the spot urine calcium-creatinine ratio for prediction of antepartum preeclampsia among high-risk pregnant women in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Jagu Lloyd , Orugbo V. Peter , Okonta Patrick
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disorder, which significantly contributes to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries where it accounts for about one-third of maternal mortality cases. Predicting its occurrence will reveal a sizeable population of pregnant women who will undoubtedly benefit from prevention. The ideal screening marker for the disease is still being investigated. The urine calcium-creatinine ratio (CCR) is an inexpensive, simple, and easily assayed biomarker. This study determined the accuracy of the spot urinary calcium-creatinine ratio in predicting the occurrence of preeclampsia.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in Delta State, which involved four healthcare facilities in Nigeria. A total of 138 pregnant women between 8 and 18 weeks gestation were recruited. Urine samples were obtained at 18 weeks to assay their CCR, and patients were followed up weekly for blood pressure measurement and dipstick urinalysis until delivery.

Results: The mean spot urine CCR in this study was 0.225 (0.101). It was significantly lower in women who developed preeclampsia compared to normotensive women (P < 0.001). Multiple logistics regression analysis showed that the association between urine CCR and occurrence of preeclampsia was statistically significant. At a receiver operating characteristic cutoff of ≤ 0.1065, CCR had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 91.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 35.3%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.3%. The low PPV of 35.3% can be explained by the low prevalence of preeclampsia (5.78%) in the study population.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the poor PPV of the urine CCR was due to the low prevalence of preeclampsia in the study. However, in considering all women at risk, urine CCR may be a good prognostic marker when the illness prevalence is substantial.
Assessment of irrigation water salinity effects on red beet under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: KURUNC Ahmet , DOĞANAY Kıvanç Hayri
Published: July 2022

Plant tolerance to salinity stress is vital for irrigation scheduling, decision-making, planning and operation, and most critically, water resource management. Although there are numerous scientific data on the response of various plants to salinity stress, there are few studies on red beet in the literature, and specifically under Mediterranean conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of water salinity stress on water use, growth, yield parameters, and salinity threshold and slope values of red beet in Mediterranean conditions. In addition to control (0.6 dS m-1), five irrigation water salinity levels including low (1.5 dS m-1), medium-low (3.0 dS m-1), medium (4.5 dS m-1), medium-high (6.0 dS m-1) and high salinity (8.0 dS m-1) stresses were used as treatments. Increased water salinities caused increases in electrical conductivity and pH values of saturated soil paste extracts and drainage waters, while decreases in water use affected plant height storage root yield and water use efficiency. The salinity threshold and slope values of red beet were determined as 3.10 dS m-1 and 4.42% per dS m-1.
The settlement experience of Pacific migrants in New Zealand: Insights from LISNZ and the IDI
Authors: Sin Isabelle , Ormsby Judd
Published: July 2022

New Zealand has a long history of migration from the Pacific. Migrants from the Pacific, like all people moving to a new country, face the challenges of finding suitable employment and a place to live, accessing education, and forming new social, professional, and community networks while adapting to differences in culture. Our research uses the Longitudinal Immigration Survey New Zealand (LISNZ) and Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure to focus on differences in outcomes between migrants from different Pacific countries who gained residence approval under different visa types. Pacific migrants interviewed in LISNZ faced a number of challenges to becoming successful and settled in New Zealand, including limited English and low education, which may have caught many in low-paying or part-time work and made them particularly vulnerable to economic conditions. Although most reported good health and generally positive non-economic outcomes in New Zealand, some of their outcomes grew worse over their first three years after residence approval. The reasons for these declines are not wholly clear and could be investigated in future research.
Financial Transfers and Climate Cooperation
Authors: Kerr Suzi , Lippert Steffen , Lou Edmund
Published: July 2022

We investigate the impact of side-payments to countries that have a low net benefit from participating in efficient climate cooperation in a repeated games framework with investment in different technologies. We consider different timings of these payments and different degrees of commitment. If countries cannot commit ex ante to transfer funds to low-benefit participants to an agreement, then there is a trade-off. Investment based agreements, where transfers occur before emissions are realized, but after investments have been committed, maximize the scope of cooperation. Results-based agreements minimize transfers whenever these agreements implement cooperation. If countries can commit to transfer funds, then agreements in which countries with high benefits of climate cooperation pre-commit to results-based payments to countries with low benefits both maximize the scope of cooperation and minimize transfers
ISLAMIC PRINCIPLES OF DIPLOMATIC STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION: DRIVERS OF SUSTAINABLE PEACE
Authors:   Lecturer, Govt. Associate College for Women Bund Road Lahore, Tasgheer Aqsa
Published: July 2022

Diplomacy's goal is not limited to representing and elevating the territory or organization rather it is highly oriented towards dialogue to negotiate and conflict management between people. It generally attempts to maintain balance and peace. Today the world is converging on multilateral diplomacy that can pave the way to conflict resolution and ultimate peace as diplomats serve as instruments of state. The use of diplomacy instead of force is getting popular in the new millennium. Such type of collaborative diplomatic endeavor is one of the most notable characteristics of modern global conflict attempts, and it deserves special consideration. It may be the most evident and important approach for countries to partake in these kinds of initiatives since it is considered a sort of standard protocol. Islamic diplomacy is extensive and multidimensional. The purpose of this study is to explore Islamic diplomatic strategies that can play a significant role in resolving and managing conflicts in the contemporary age not only on the communal but international level. This research paper will specifically explore the conflict resolution tactics as a rich convention of Islamic peacebuilding diplomacy that exists in Islam based on the Quran and the Sirah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). By applying qualitative and descriptive research methodology, this study will try to figure out some of the vital peacebuilding factors highlighting the role of Islamic diplomacy in conflict resolution.
IDEOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS TO CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC SOCIETIES
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, The University Of Lahore., Jafar Irfan
Published: July 2022

Modern Muslim Societies are facing many contemporary challenges since one Hundred Years; it is because of regime Western civilization. Muslims are facing Political, Economical, Social & civilization Problems. We can get prestige by inviting non-Muslims to Islām. Knowledge is a Power that can Defeat other civilizations. We should try to combine for this purpose. Scholars of Relīgion & Politics should be on one stage. All propaganda of the orientalists must be rejected. They should not be allowed to disturb Muslims Countries. Muslim should live peacefully, like a family. Muslims should ignore Sectarianism in religion. It is Very Dangerous for Nations. Allah Says in Qur’ān: All Should Catch Rope of Allah Strongly & Should Not Be Divided. Holy Prophet Says: “Believers are like a Building, They Make Strong to one another. Most of Muslim countries are combined geographically but they are not United physically they Believe in One Allah, One Rasool & one Kaaba, inspire of this are divided in different ways. They should Follow Holly Prophet (PBUH) in all their life. In this way, their all problems will be solved.
متن قرآنی سے متعلق مغربی منصوبہ جات میں قرآنیکا کی اہمیت : تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Thought and Civilization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, Samiullah Muhammad
Published: July 2022

To date, knowledge of the textual history of the Qur'an has relied primarily on the Arabo-Islamic tradition. The study of material evidence, which should contribute to understanding the historical development of the canonization of the text, form the first part of the Coranica project. The Coranica project gives priority to an empirical approach, contributing to the history of the Qur'anic text based primarily on material evidence, distributed chronologically, and less on the data of the Arabo-Islamic tradition. As part of its empirical approach, Coranica aims to take into account current developments and the latest discoveries. These include continuing and amplifying the research on older written witnesses of the Qur'an, a field of study that lay dormant until the 1980s and was revived by the discoveries of Sanaa, and other well-known collections, such as those of St. Petersburg or Istanbul. Coranica provides a platform for cooperation between those in the fields of antiquity and Islamic studies. The project brings together researchers from various disciplines from Germany, France, England, Austria and Italy. Coranica began in 2011, and is directed by Christian Robin and François Deroche (AIBL, Paris) and Michael Marx and Angelika Neuwirth (BBAW, Berlin). In this paper, the introduction and the details of the project are given for the urdu-natives with critical analysis of the project components theoretically.