bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional upconverting luminescent-magnetic FeS2@NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ core@shell nanocomposites with tunable luminescence for temperature sensing
Authors: Woźny Przemysław , Soler-Carracedo Kevin , Perzanowski Marcin , Moszczyński Jan , Lis Stefan , Runowski Marcin
Published: June 2024

Multifunctional core@shell type FeS2@NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocomposites emit bright, color tunable UC photoluminescence and magnetic activity. We confirmed optical temperature sensing capability and rarely reported sensing of the laser power density.
A generic approach for aligning liquid crystals using solution-processed 2D materials on ITO-free surfaces
Authors: Pisharody Gayathri R. , Sahoo Priyabrata , Mishra Abhishek Kumar , Rao D. S. Shankar , Matte H. S. S. Ramakrishna , Prasad S. Krishna
Published: June 2024

A generic strategy of employing EPD-hBN layers on non-ITO substrates (Al-doped ZnO) to achieve large area unidirectional alignment of calamitic, bent-core, and dual-frequency liquid crystals.
Developing colloidal nanoparticles for inkjet printing of devices with optical properties tuneable from the UV to the NIR
Authors: Austin Jonathan S. , Xiao Weitong , Wang Feiran , Cottam Nathan D. , Rivers Geoffrey , Ward Ellie B. , James Tyler S. S. , Luan Weiling , Tuck Christopher J. , Hague Richard , Makarovsky Oleg , Turyanska Lyudmila
Published: June 2024

Colloidal graphene quantum dots, NaYF4:Yb, Er upconverting nanoparticles, and PbS quantum dots were formulated for inkjet fabrication of detectors and displays with optical properties tunable from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared.
Innovative triazine-core octupolar chromophores: unlocking new Frontiers in nonlinear optics
Authors: El Karout Houda , Özkonstanyan Aykun , Sentürk Ecem , Eran Belkız Bilgin , Taboukhat Said , Zawadzka Anna , Szukalski Adam , El-Ghayoury Abdelkrim , Akdas-Kılıç Huriye , Sahraoui Bouchta
Published: June 2024

Molecular motions within functionalized octupolar NLO chromophore, with photosensitive chains comprising dual-constructed azo/stilbene units. All-optical switching is initiated by linearly polarized UV light and monitored using red-light laser line.
FlockSeer: A portable stereo vision observer for bird flocking
Authors: Ai Yuhui , Zhai Haozhou , Sun Zijie , Yan Weiming , Hu Tianjiang
Published: June 2024

Bird flocking is a paradigmatic case of self‐organised collective behaviours in biology. Stereo camera systems are employed to observe flocks of starlings, jackdaws, and chimney swifts, mainly on a spot‐fixed basis. A portable non‐fixed stereo vision‐based flocking observation system, namely FlockSeer, is developed by the authors for observing more species of bird flocks within field scenarios. The portable flocking observer, FlockSeer, responds to the challenges in extrinsic calibration, camera synchronisation and field movability compared to existing spot‐fixed observing systems. A measurement and sensor fusion approach is utilised for rapid calibration, and a light‐based synchronisation approach is used to simplify hardware configuration. FlockSeer has been implemented and tested across six cities in three provinces and has accomplished diverse flock‐tracking tasks, accumulating behavioural data of four species, including egrets, with up to 300 resolvable trajectories. The authors reconstructed the trajectories of a flock of egrets under disturbed conditions to verify the practicality and reliability. In addition, we analysed the accuracy of identifying nearest neighbours, and then examined the similarity between the trajectories and the Couzin model. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed flocking observing system is highly portable, more convenient and swift to deploy in wetland‐like or coast‐like fields. Its observation process is reliable and practical and can effectively support the study of understanding and modelling of bird flocking behaviours.
High-resolution observations of two pores with the integral field unit (IFU) of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS)
Authors: Verma Meetu
Published: June 2024

Context. Solar pores are associated with two significant transitions in magnetohydrodynamics: the magnetic field becomes sufficiently strong to inhibit convective energy transport, and a critical change causes pores to develop a penumbra and to transform into sunspots.

Aims. The goal is to compare the intricate details of the magnetic and flow fields around two solar pores, where one is part of an active region and the other is an isolated pore, with a secondary goal of demonstrating the scientific capabilities of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) integral field unit (IFU).

Methods. Two pores were observed with the High-resolution Fast Imager (HiFI) and the GRIS IFU at the 1.5-meter GREGOR solar telescope on 29 May and 6 June 2019. The GRIS IFU mosaics provide spectropolarimetric data for inversions of the Ca I 1083.9 nm and Si I 1082.7 nm spectral lines, covering the deep and upper photosphere. The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) machine learning algorithm is employed to identify different classes of Si I Stokes-V profiles. The local correlation tracking (LCT) technique derives horizontal proper motions around the pores using speckle-restored G-band time-series.

Results. Both pores contain a thin light bridge, are stable during the observations, and never develop a penumbra. The isolated pore is three times smaller and significantly darker than the active-region pore, which is not predicted by simulations. The LCT maps show inflows around both pores, with lower velocities for the isolated pore. Both pores are embedded in the photospheric line-of-sight (LOS) velocity pattern of the granulation but filamentary structures are only visible in the chromospheric LOS maps of the active-region pore. The t-SNE identifies five clusters of Si I Stokes-V profiles, revealing an ‘onion-peel’ magnetic field structure, despite the small size of the pores. The core with strong vertical magnetic fields is surrounded by concentric layers with lower and more inclined magnetic fields. The GRIS IFU spectra allowed for the tracking of the temporal evolution of the physical parameters, but the variations for both pores were nominal.

Conclusions. The active-region pore shows some signatures of increased interaction between plasma motions and magnetic fields, which can be considered as early signs of penumbra formation. However, similar physical properties prevail for smaller pores. Therefore, a statistically meaningful sample, covering the size range and different morphologies of pores, is needed to distinguish between the formation mechanisms of active-region and isolated pores.
Exploring the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b
Authors: Cont D. , Nortmann L. , Yan F. , Lesjak F. , Czesla S. , Lavail A. , Reiners A. , Piskunov N. , Hatzes A. , Boldt-Christmas L. , Kochukhov O. , Marquart T. , Nagel E. , Rains A. D. , Rengel M. , Seemann U. , Shulyak D.
Published: June 2024

Despite recent progress in the spectroscopic characterization of individual exoplanets, the atmospheres of key ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) still lack comprehensive investigations. These include WASP-178b, one of the most irradiated UHJs known to date. We observed the dayside emission signal of this planet with CRIRES+ in the spectral K band. By applying the cross-correlation technique and a Bayesian retrieval framework to the high-resolution spectra, we identified the emission signature of 12CO (S/N = 8.9) and H2O (S/N = 4.9), and a strong atmospheric thermal inversion. A joint retrieval with space-based secondary eclipse measurements from TESS and CHEOPS allowed us to refine our results on the thermal profile and thus to constrain the atmospheric chemistry, yielding a solar to super-solar metallicity (1.4 ± 1.6 dex) and a solar C/O ratio (0.6 ± 0.2). We infer a significant excess of spectral line broadening and identify a slight Doppler-shift between the 12CO and H2O signals. These findings provide strong evidence for a super-rotating atmospheric flow pattern and suggest the possible existence of chemical inhomogeneities across the planetary dayside hemisphere. In addition, the inclusion of photometric data in our retrieval allows us to account for stellar light reflected by the planetary atmosphere, resulting in an upper limit on the geometric albedo (0.23). The successful characterization of WASP-178b’s atmosphere through a joint analysis of CRIRES+, TESS, and CHEOPS observations highlights the potential of combined studies with space- and ground-based instruments and represents a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres.
Resonant sub-Neptunes are puffier
Authors: Leleu Adrien , Delisle Jean-Baptiste , Burn Remo , Izidoro André , Udry Stéphane , Dumusque Xavier , Lovis Christophe , Millholland Sarah , Parc Léna , Bouchy François , Bourrier Vincent , Alibert Yann , Faria João , Mordasini Christoph , Ségransan Damien
Published: June 2024

A systematic, population-level discrepancy exists between the densities of exoplanets whose masses have been measured with transit timing variations (TTVs) versus those measured with radial velocities (RVs). Since the TTV planets are predominantly nearly resonant, it is still unclear whether the discrepancy is attributed to detection biases or to astrophysical differences between the nearly resonant and non resonant planet populations. We defined a controlled, unbiased sample of 36 sub-Neptunes characterised by Kepler, TESS, HARPS, and ESPRESSO. We found that their density depends mostly on the resonant state of the system, with a low probability (of 0.002−0.001+0.010) that the mass of (nearly) resonant planets is drawn from the same underlying population as the bulk of sub-Neptunes. Increasing the sample to 133 sub-Neptunes reveals finer details: the densities of resonant planets are similar and lower than non-resonant planets, and both the mean and spread in density increase for planets that are away from resonance. This trend is also present in RV-characterised planets alone. In addition, TTVs and RVs have consistent density distributions for a given distance to resonance. We also show that systems closer to resonances tend to be more co-planar than their spread-out counterparts. These observational trends are also found in synthetic populations, where planets that survived in their original resonant configuration retain a lower density; whereas less compact systems have undergone post-disc giant collisions that increased the planet’s density, while expanding their orbits. Our findings reinforce the claim that resonant systems are archetypes of planetary systems at their birth.
Optimal bolometer transfer function deconvolution for CMB experiments through maximum likelihood mapmaking
Authors: Basyrov A. , Stutzer N. O. , Lunde J. G. S. , Eriksen H. K. , Gjerløw E. , Watts D. J. , Wehus I. K.
Published: June 2024

We revisit the impact of finite time responses of bolometric detectors used for deep observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Until now, bolometer transfer functions have been accounted for through a two-step procedure by first deconvolving an estimate of their Fourier-space representation from the raw time-ordered data (TOD), and then averaging the deconvolved TOD into pixelized maps. However, for many experiments, including thePlanckHigh Frequency Instrument (HFI), it is necessary to apply an additional low-pass filter to avoid an excessive noise boost, which leads to an asymmetric effective beam. In this paper we demonstrate that this effect can be avoided if the transfer function deconvolution and pixelization operations are performed simultaneously through integrated maximum likelihood mapmaking. The resulting algorithm is structurally identical to theartDecoalgorithm for beam deconvolution. We illustrate the relevance of this method with simulatedPlanckHFI 143 GHz data, and find that the resulting effective beam is both more symmetric than with the two-step procedure, resulting in a sky-averaged ellipticity that is 64% lower, and an effective beam full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) that is 2.3% smaller. Similar improvements are expected for any other bolometer-based CMB experiments with long time constants.
Mechanochemical origin of fossil hydrogen
Authors: Barenbaum Azariy , Shilovskiy Andrey
Published: June 2024

More than four decades ago, Russian scientists discovered a previously unknown mechanism for the formation of hydrocarbons in subsurface, which made it possible to explain the origin of oil and gas. This mechanism is a mechanochemical polycondensation synthesis of oil and gas hydrocarbons with the formation of hydrogen, accompanied by the decomposition of a huge amount of water in the rocks of the sedimentary cover of Earth's crust. In this mechanism, the hydrogen donor during the synthesis of hydrocarbons is water, and the carbon donor can be any of its sources (organic substances, carbon dioxide dissolved in water and carbonates). Another discovery of Russian scientists was the previously unknown 40-year (climatic) cycle of carbon dioxide transfer through Earth's surface by meteorogenic waters, which ensures the balance of the carbon and water cycle on our planet, taking into account the formation of hydrocarbons and hydrogen in subsurface and economical activities of people. Until recently, the main priority was to improve the efficiency of oil and gas field development. However, in connection with the transition of the world economy to hydrogen energy, there is a need to pay attention to the possibility of simultaneous production of hydrogen together with hydrocarbons.
Currents with underwater porous obstacles
Authors: Dalabaev Umurdin , Latipov Nusratilla
Published: June 2024

The work is devoted to the flow of incompressible fluid in an open flow with porous obstacles (vegetation, hill). For mathematical modeling of such flows, a single equation of suitability in the porous and free zone is used. The model is based on Rakhmatulin’s two-speed model. Numerical results of the hydrodynamic features of a two-dimensional viscous flow are presented. In the free zone, the equation turns into the Navier-Stokes equation, and in the porous region, into the Darcy- Forchheimer equation. For the numerical solution, the SIMPLE algorithm was used.
Application of BIM for resource management in small enterprises: Saving and environmental friendliness
Authors: Kisel Tatiana
Published: June 2024

This article is aimed at finding ways to accelerate the implementation of BIM by actively involving small businesses in the implementation process. A differentiated approach to the implementation of BIM has made it possible to determine that the scale of costs and changes in large and small organizations in the investment and construction sector differ significantly. Many of the factors hindering the implementation of BIM in small organizations are not insurmountable or are absent in a small organization due to the limited functions performed by it. Accordingly, the scale of costs and organizational transformations required by a small organization when implementing BIM is many times different from those needed by a large organization. Based on the differences in interaction models in a large and small organization when implementing a project using BIM, the main aspects of BIM implementation in small organizations are formulated, a methodology for implementing BIM in small organizations is proposed, taking into account their specifics and orientation to the requirements of the external environment. Active involvement in the BIM implementation process will significantly contribute to the spread of the technology. This will help reduce the amount of resources consumed (material, labor, energy, financial), reduce construction debris and emissions, and increase the economic efficiency of projects. The massive implementation of BIM in construction based on the involvement of small organizations will allow for an economic effect at the meso- and macro– level – the level of the region and the country due to the scale of the construction industry in the economy.
Development of neutron reflectometry for a HiCANS: The HERMES instrument at the JULIC Neutron Platform
Authors: Paulin Mariano Andrés , Pechenizkiy Ivan , Zakalek Paul , Lieutenant Klaus , Kämmerling Peter , Steffens Alexander , Kleines Harald , Rücker Ulrich , Gutberlet Thomas , Gautrot Sébastien , Menelle Alain , Ott Frédéric
Published: June 2024

High Current Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Sources (HiCANS) have recently emerged as a possible solution to the drop in neutron provision in Europe due to the closure of several research reactors. Within this new trend, the Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB) is currently assessing the performance of neutron techniques around this novel type of source. HERMES is a time-of-flight horizontal reflectometer that was operated by the LLB at the ORPHEE reactor until 2019 and was dedicated to soft matter studies. Through a collaboration with the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, HERMES was installed in 2022 at the JULIC Neutron Platform (JNP) at the Forschungszentrum Jülich. This platform is able to deliver neutron pulses in the 100 μs - 2 s range and is very well suited to evaluate the feasibility of reflectivity experiments at a HiCANS. Since its installation and first tests in 2022, several improvements have been implemented at HERMES. Our current goal is to perform reflectivity experiments with large neutron mirrors as a proof of concept, as the flux at the JNP is several orders of magnitude lower than the original ORPHEE flux or the one expected at a HiCANS. Nevertheless, Monte Carlo simulations show that an instrument as HERMES operating at a HiCANS could match the performance of similar instruments at research reactors and spallation sources.
Monte Carlo modelling of a diffractometer using statistical time modulation to exploit the long pulse structure at the ICONE HiCANS
Authors: Ott Frédéric
Published: June 2024

Low energy accelerator-driven neutron sources are intrinsically limited by the peak flux they can provide. A possible way to increase the total brilliance of the source is to increase the neutron pulse length. However, the efficient use of time-of-flight techniques on long pulse sources is non trivial. ESS is building long instruments (up to 150 m) to be able to fully exploit the long pulse structure. Such a solution cannot be reasonably implemented on CANS or HiCANS, essentially for cost reasons. We are thus investigating the possibilities of implementing statistical time modulation on a diffraction instrument to be able to use very long pulse structures. We present Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations using statistical time modulation and propose the design of a powder diffractometer, which could be installed on the long pulse target station of the ICONE HiCANS source. These MC simulations allow anticipating the difficulties which would be encountered if such an instrument would be built.
Advances in nuclear data development for moderator and reflector design at the European Spallation Source
Authors: DiJulio Douglas D. , Marquez Damian José Ignacio , Kittelmann Thomas , Xu Shuqi , Granada José Rolando , Muhrer Gunter
Published: June 2024

Thermal neutron scattering data for neutronic design of neutron sources traditionally has been limited to a few selected materials due to the relevance of those materials to nuclear energy applications and the limitations of legacy software. With the availability and development of recent software, such as NCrystal, the European Spallation Source is engaged in activities to develop new nuclear data, in particular with applications in cold, very-cold and ultra-cold neutrons sources in mind. In this work we showcase highlights of progress on selected studies related to this effort. In particular, we highlight new scattering kernels for Monte Carlo simulation in superfluid helium around 1.0 K and updates to PHITS to include improved thermal neutron scattering.
Finite element modelling of linear rolling contact problems
Authors: Romano Luigi , Målqvist Axel
Published: June 2024

The present work is devoted to the finite element modelling of linear hyperbolic rolling contact problems. The main equations encountered in rolling contact mechanics are reviewed in the first part of the paper, with particular emphasis on applications from automotive and vehicle engineering. In contrast to the common hyperbolic systems found in the literature, such equations include integral and boundary terms, as well as time-varying transport velocities, that require special treatment. In this context, existence and uniqueness properties are discussed within the theoretical framework offered by the semigroup theory. The second part of the paper is then dedicated to recovering approximated solutions to the considered problems, by combining discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods (DGMs) with explicit Runge–Kutta (RK) schemes of the first and second order for time discretisation. Under opportune assumptions on the smoothness of the sought solutions, and owing to certain generalised Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) conditions, quasi-optimal error bounds are derived for the complete discrete schemes. The proposed algorithms are then tested on simple scalar equations in one space dimension. Numerical experiments seem to suggest the theoretical error estimates to be sharp.
Wechselseitige Beziehung zwischen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen und Diabetes
Authors: Müssig Karsten
Published: June 2024

Aktuell sind etwa 8,9 Millionen Menschen in Deutschland von Diabetes betroffen, und jedes Jahr kommt mehr als eine halbe Millionen Menschen hinzu. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle handelt es sich um einen Typ-2-Diabetes, ein Typ-1-Diabetes ist hingegen sehr viel seltener. Auch Schilddrüsenerkrankungen weisen eine hohe Prävalenz auf und nehmen mit dem Alter zu. Im mittleren Lebensalter weist bereits jeder Zweite morphologische Schilddrüsenveränderungen auf. Die Rate an Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen liegt bei nahezu 10% der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Zahlreiche epidemiologische Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass Diabetes und Schilddrüsenerkrankungen häufig miteinander vergesellschaftet sind. Die vorliegende Arbeite möchte einen Überblick geben über den Zusammenhang zwischen den verschiedenen Diabetestypen und funktionellen und morphologischen Schilddrüsenauffälligkeiten. Auch sollen mögliche zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen diskutiert werden.
Epignathus: Role of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathology—A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Poornima , Kushwaha Shreya Singh , Dasgupta Suchandana , Bachani Sumitra
Published: June 2024

This case report describes a rare and life threatening fetal condition, oropharyngeal teratoma (epignathus), diagnosed prenatally at 26 weeks. The fetus presented with polyhydramnios and a large mass obstructing the airway. Despite multidisciplinary planning for an ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure, the baby died shortly after birth due to severe respiratory distress. Histopathological examination confirmed a high grade immature teratoma. The report highlights the importance of prenatal diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and potential interventions like EXIT procedures for improved outcomes. It also emphasizes the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in characterizing the tumor and planning delivery strategies. In cases that have been diagnosed early enough, termination of pregnancy can be an option after counseling.
Scholarship Schemes in Cambodian Higher Education: Unpacking Why Lower-Income Students are Lagging Behind
Authors: Hun Seyhakunthy
Published: June 2024

Attempts to expand the availability of higher education frequently come with exorbitant expenses, heightening the gap between privileged and underprivileged students. Distributing scholarships to the higher education sub-sector is commonly seen as a viable means of promoting educational success, expanding accessibility, and addressing equity issues in higher education. Nevertheless, the problem of equity remains a long-lasting and unfair obstacle in Cambodia's higher education sub-sector, despite the presence of a national scholarship policy. This is based on the straightforward fact that there is no fundamental metric to evaluate the inclusion and equity of scholarship distribution. Moreover, the scholarship selection procedures may be inefficient, contrary to what policy documents indicate, resulting in students from lower-income households being left behind in the opportunities they were promised. Therefore, this study is the first ever attempt to profile Cambodian higher education scholarships from a socio-economic viewpoint that discusses how family background impacts the likelihood of students from low-income households accessing social investments, such as scholarships. All analyses point out that opportunities are heavily skewed toward students with better-off background, and therefore incorporating this understanding will help Cambodian universities better allocate scholarships to boost the country’s human capital and improve university representation from lower economically-secure communities.
Versatility of social networking sites in meeting the acculturation needs of migrant populations between 2019 and 2023
Authors: Akter Afruza , Tan Kim Hua , Muslim Nazri
Published: June 2024

With the growing number of individuals seeking to improve their living conditions abroad, social networking sites are becoming indispensable to their daily existence for acculturation. However, the nature of the contribution of social networking sites in fulfilling migrants’ acculturation needs remains unclear and inadequately addressed in literature. This scoping review aims to synthesise the current literature examining the role of social networking sites in meeting migrants’ acculturation needs. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodological Guidelines and the most recent modifications to the PRISMA-ScR framework, this study synthesised 48 empirical articles published between 2019 and 2023. An automated search was conducted using multiple database platforms (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar and ABDC’s Journal Ranking) with sorted results using a variety of search term combinations. The synthesis of the past studies found five common acculturation needs, namely, the cognitive, social integration, personal integration, affective and tension release needs that migrants have sought and obtained from social networking sites. All of these needs are included in the uses and gratifications theory as media consumption needs. Among the identified needs, social integration and cognitive ones are the most crucial for international students, migrant workers, immigrants, refugees and other categories of migrants to overcome the difficulties that they face in the host society and to maintain connections with the ethnic community. Nevertheless, the utilisation of social networking sites to fulfil those needs differs because of various socio-demographic and psychological determinants. Many of the studies focused on identifying needs associated with integration, thus neglecting those associated with other acculturation strategies, such as separation, marginalisation and assimilation. Mismatches and inconsistencies in the acculturation requirements that migrants obtain or seek from social network sites have also not been investigated in empirical studies. Therefore, this area is potentially viable and is likely to be the subject of subsequent research. The results of the current study are useful for formulating government policies and for recruiting agencies, rights activists, social workers and administrators who are working for migrant populations.
Slow solar wind traced to Sun’s active regions
Authors: Sieben Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Multifaceted observations of the Sun reveal that interactions between magnetic field loops expel slow-moving solar wind.
A long-distance flight of the Pilbara diamond-faced bat (Rhinonicteris aurantia) recorded via an automated VHF radio telemetry system
Authors: Knuckey Christopher George , Rasmussen Thomas , Rudin Tabitha , Reiffer Scott
Published: June 2024

There is little information on movement and foraging patterns of the Pilbara diamond-faced bat (Rhinonicteris aurantia), which is formally recognised as a major research priority for the species. An automated VHF radio telemetry system was used to track bat movement in the central Hamersley Ranges over 21 days during the dry season. Individuals were confirmed travelling an average of 4.88 km (±6.96) from their roost each night and a cumulative average distance of 7.02 km (±8.70). Notably, a female was recorded traveling ~40 km between two isolated ranges on two consecutive nights, demonstrating the long-range abilities of the species.
The syntax of Korean reduced conditionals
Authors: Yoshida Masaya , Yoon Suwon
Published: June 2024

The goal of this paper is to provide an analysis of two important aspects of conditional clauses in Korean. The
first goal is to reveal the structure of the conditional clause. In investigating reduced conditionals and regular copula clausal
conditionals, we suggest the right-periphery of conditional clauses based on the Split CP hypothesis (Rizzi 1997; Saito 2010). The second goal is to examine the
distribution of the clausal pronoun kukes in reduced conditionals, which, we argue, is the result of FinP
ellipsis, building on the ellipsis theory of pronominalization (Baltin & Craenenbroeck
2008). In doing so, we make two empirical points: (i) the parallelism regarding argument/adjunct asymmetry indicates
that reduced conditionals are derived from clausal conditionals; and (ii) various connectivity effects reveal hidden clausal
structure behind the pronominal element kukes, which means that there is a tight connection between focus
constructions and conditional constructions in Korean. The implication of the present study is that we can argue against a
simple-minded dichotomy of anaphora that says there are two types of anaphora, Deep and Surface, and Deep anaphora does not have
syntactic structure.
Centrosome-organized plasma membrane infoldings linked to growth of a cortical actin domain
Authors: Tam Rebecca , Harris Tony J.C.
Published: June 2024

Regulated cell shape change requires the induction of cortical cytoskeletal domains. Often, local changes to plasma membrane (PM) topography are involved. Centrosomes organize cortical domains and can affect PM topography by locally pulling the PM inward. Are these centrosome effects coupled? At the syncytial Drosophila embryo cortex, centrosome-induced actin caps grow into dome-like compartments for mitoses. We found the nascent cap to be a collection of PM folds and tubules formed over the astral centrosomal MT array. The localized infoldings require centrosome and dynein activities, and myosin-based surface tension prevents them elsewhere. Centrosome-engaged PM infoldings become specifically enriched with an Arp2/3 induction pathway. Arp2/3 actin network growth between the infoldings counterbalances centrosomal pulling forces and disperses the folds for actin cap expansion. Abnormal domain topography with either centrosome or Arp2/3 disruption correlates with decreased exocytic vesicle association. Together, our data implicate centrosome-organized PM infoldings in coordinating Arp2/3 network growth and exocytosis for cortical domain assembly.
Enhancing ECG Heartbeat classification with feature fusion neural networks and dynamic minority-biased batch weighting loss function
Authors: Cai Jiajun , Song Junmei , Peng Bo
Published: June 2024

Objective. This study aims to address the challenges of imbalanced heartbeat classification using electrocardiogram (ECG). In this proposed novel deep-learning method, the focus is on accurately identifying minority classes in conditions characterized by significant imbalances in ECG data. Approach. We propose a feature fusion neural network enhanced by a dynamic minority-biased batch weighting loss function. This network comprises three specialized branches: the complete ECG data branch for a comprehensive view of ECG signals, the local QRS wave branch for detailed features of the QRS complex, and the R wave information branch to analyze R wave characteristics. This structure is designed to extract diverse aspects of ECG data. The dynamic loss function prioritizes minority classes while maintaining the recognition of majority classes, adjusting the network’s learning focus without altering the original data distribution. Together, this fusion structure and adaptive loss function significantly improve the network’s ability to distinguish between various heartbeat classes, enhancing the accuracy of minority class identification. Main results. The proposed method demonstrated balanced performance within the MIT-BIH dataset, especially for minority classes. Under the intra-patient paradigm, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for Supraventricular ectopic beat were 99.63

%

, 93.62

%

, 99.81

%

, and 92.98

%

, respectively, and for Fusion beat were 99.76

%

, 85.56

%

, 99.87

%

, and 84.16

%

, respectively. Under the inter-patient paradigm, these metrics were 96.56

%

, 89.16

%

, 96.84

%

, and 51.99

%

for Supraventricular ectopic beat, and 96.10

%

, 77.06

%

, 96.25

%

, and 13.92

%

for Fusion beat, respectively. Significance. This method effectively addresses the class imbalance in ECG datasets. By leveraging diverse ECG signal information and a novel loss function, this approach offers a promising tool for aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac conditions.
A 4D conservative chaotic system: dynamics and realization
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Du Baoxiang , Kong Degui , Chai Zhijun
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a novel four-dimensional conservative chaotic system (4D CCS) with a simple algebraic representation, comprising only two quadratic nonlinear terms. The dynamic characteristics of the 4D CCS are investigated by Poincaré mappings, Lyapunov exponents (LE), bifurcation diagrams, equilibrium points and spectral entropy (SE) complexity algorithm. Variations in parameters, initial values, and Hamiltonian energy lead to alternations between quasi-periodic and chaotic flows in the 4D CCS. The maximum Lyapunov exponent of the 4D CCS can reach a high value of 366300 under adjusting appropriate parameters and initial values. The pseudorandom sequences generated by the 4D CCS successfully pass the NIST test. Additionally, both the electronic circuit and FPGA implementation of the 4D CCS are carried out, with the experimental results aligning closely with the simulation results.
Dynamics of fractional solitonic profiles to multicomponent Gross–Pitaevskii system
Authors: Younas Usman , Yao Fengping
Published: June 2024

The fractional multicomponent Gross-Pitaevskii system arising in the Bose-Einestein condensate is under consideration. The Gross-Pitaevskii equation plays a significant role in Bose-Einstein condensation and engineering, where it characterizes the dynamics of the condensate wave function. Superfluidity and superconductivity are two characteristics of the low-temperature phenomenon that are linked to the Bose–Einstein condensate, which is generated by a diluted atomic gas. The investigation of multi-component equations has garnered considerable attention because of their capacity to clarify intricate physical phenomena and reveal the dynamic configurations of localized wave solutions. A variety of solutions have been secured in various forms, including bright, dark, singular, and combo solitons, in addition to solutions of hyperbolic, periodic, and exponential functions. For the purpose of ensuring the solutions, recently developed integration tools called the modified Sardar subequation method and enhanced modified extended tanh-expansion method have been implemented. In nonlinear dispersive media, solitons are stretched electromagnetic waves that maintain their intensity due to a balance between the effects of dispersion and nonlinearity. The proposed approaches are certainly the most direct, efficient, and valuable method for dealing with multiple nonlinear models that arise in applied physics and mathematics, with the purpose of generating various types of exact solutions. In addition, 3D, 2D, contour, and density plots have been utilized to visually represent the obtained results, facilitating a greater understanding of the physical effects of the derived solutions. The solutions attained are of great importance with regard to their applicability across a wide range of quantum systems.
Effect of the insertion of silver nanoparticles on the performance and electrical features of Ag/SiNWs Schottky diode
Authors: Hemdani Ahmed , Rahmani Mehdi
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we studied the effect of the passivation of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the efficiency of Ag/SiNWs/Si Schottky diodes. SiNWs are obtained by one-step Ag-assisted chemical etching method. AgNPs were deposited on SiNWs using an electroless dipping method. Schottky junction devices have been successfully made using silicon nanowires coated with silver nanoparticles. The current–voltage (I-V) characteristics of Ag/AgNPs-SiNWs Schottky diode have been investigated by varying the immersion time in silver nitrate solution from 1 to 5 min. The I-V characteristics presented in logarithmic scale confirmed the domination of SCLC conduction mechanism at high voltage. The ideality factor (n), height of potential barrier (φb) and series resistance (Rs) of diodes are calculated by adopting the Cheung method. Compared to the Ag/SiNWs Schottky junction, the diode that presents AgNPs at the interface shows a significant improvement in electrical parameters. The potential barrier reaches 1.09 eV and the ideality factor is reduced to 2.64 with the presence of AgNPs for an immersion time of 1 min. Norde’s equation has also been used to calculate the series resistance and the potential barrier. The results obtained by Norde method are slightly shifted compared to those found by Cheung functions while the findings concerning the optimization of the immersion time are practically the same.
Slow 7Be and the primordial 7Li abundance
Authors: Voronchev V T
Published: June 2024

The cross sections of neutron-induced nuclear reactions are commonly large at low energies. Given this feature, the 7Be(n, p)7Li process with slow 7Be is studied in connection with the cosmological lithium problem. An idea is tested whether slow (non-Maxwellian) 7Be born in the radiative capture 3He(α, γ)7Be reaction can boost the 7Be(n, p)7Li(p, α)α mechanism of 7Li burn-up in the early universe, reducing the amount of primordial 7Li. The rate of this sequential process is examined and its effect on the 7Li abundance is clarified. In the absence of 7Be thermalization in the primordial plasma, the above mechanism can decrease 7Li/H by several percent, leaving unchanged the abundances of D and 4He which are consistent with observations. However, taking into account the 7Be thermalization due to scattering off electrons, positrons, nuclei, and photons radically suppresses the effect. It is found that the typical thermalization time of 7Be is less than 10−5 s, while the fraction of non-Maxwellian particles in the 7Be component is at most 2 × 10−7. Under this condition, the corresponding impact on 7Li/H is estimated to be no more than 10−5%.
Nonlocal strain gradient-based nonlinear vibration analysis of nonlinear FG three-phase HJCNT/MWCNT/epoxy composite microbeam resonators using a modified micromechanical model
Authors: Mohammadian Mostafa , Hosseini Seyed Mahmoud
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to study nonlinear dynamic behavior of functionally graded (FG) three-phase composite microbeam resonators made of an epoxy matrix and two reinforcements namely multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hetero-junction carbon nanotubes (HJCNTs). The effective mechanical properties of the composite microbeam are obtained using the modified Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. The microbeam surrounding medium is simulated using a two-parameter elastic foundation. The von-Karman’s geometric nonlinearity relations are incorporated and the equations of motion are derived based on the nonlocal strain gradient Euler–Bernoulli beam model. A new closed-form analytical solution is obtained using the homotopy perturbation method. The effects of vibration amplitude, nanofiber volume fraction, nanofiber distribution pattern, small-scale parameters and the foundation parameters on the nonlinear frequency and deflection of the FG three-phase composite microbeams are studied in detail. The findings of the paper are valuable for researchers in the field of microbeam resonators.
Gaussian and Lévy noises excited delayed tumor growth model: first-passage behavior and stochastic resonance
Authors: Yu Qin , Guo Yongfeng , Chen Haoyu
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we analyze the dynamical behavior of a delayed tumor growth model under the joint effect of Gaussian white noise and Lévy noise by studying the mean first passage time (MFPT) and stochastic resonance (SR). Firstly, the tumor growth model under the joint effect of Gaussian white noise, Lévy noise and time delay is introduced. Then, the Lévy noise sequence is simulated by Janicki-Weron algorithm, and the MFPT and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the system are simulated by using fourth-order stochastic Runge–Kutta algorithm. The effects of noise parameters, time delay and periodic signal parameters on MFPT, SR are discussed in detail, respectively. In addition, we find the phenomenon of noise enhanced stability. The results of the study can help to select the optimal regulatory parameters in the tumor growth model and promote the treatment of tumors.
Optimal convex approximations of qubit states under Pauli distance
Authors: Zhang Li-qiang , Shi Kai , Yu Chang-shui
Published: June 2024

Utilizing the

l
1

norm as the quantum state distance metric, we consider the Pauli distance of arbitrary target quantum states, that is, the optimal convex approximation of any qubit mixed states relative to the available state of pairs of eigenstates in three Pauli matrices. We get the complete analytical expressions for

B
1

-distance,

B
2

-distance and

B
3

-distance. We determine the parameter range for the optimal approximation of each

B
2

-distance in eight distinct scenarios. Furthermore, some trade-off relations about

B
2

-distances are also studied.
On the analysis and control of a bipedal legged locomotion model via partial feedback linearization
Authors: Hamzaçebi Hasan , Uyanik Ismail , Morgül Ömer
Published: June 2024

In this study, we introduce a new model for bipedal locomotion that enhances the classical spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model. Our proposed model incorporates a damping term in the leg spring, a linear actuator serially interconnected to the leg, and a rotary actuator affixed to the hip. The distinct feature of this new model is its ability to overcome the non-integrability challenge inherent in the conventional SLIP models through the application of partial feedback linearization. By leveraging these actuators, our model enhances the stability and robustness of the locomotion mechanism, particularly when navigating across varied terrain profiles. To validate the effectiveness and practicality of this model, we conducted detailed simulation studies, benchmarking its performance against other recent models outlined in the literature. Our findings suggest that the redundancy in actuation introduced by our model significantly facilitates both open-loop and closed-loop walking gait, showcasing promising potential for the future of bipedal locomotion, especially for bio-inspired robotics applications in outdoor and rough terrains.
A superstatistical measure of distance from canonical equilibrium
Authors: Davis Sergio
Published: June 2024

Non-equilibrium systems in steady states are commonly described by generalized statistical mechanical frameworks such as superstatistics, which assumes that the inverse temperature

β
=
1

/

(

k

B

T
)

is an unknown quantity having some pre-established statistical distribution. The uncertainty in β is usually understood as the fluctuation of a physical observable, however, it has been previously proved (Davis and Gutiérrez 2018 Physica A 505 864–70) that β in a superstatistical model cannot be associated to an observable function

B
(
Γ
)

of the microstates Γ. In this work, we provide an information-theoretical interpretation of this theorem by introducing a new quantity

D

, the mutual information between β and Γ. Our results show that

D

is also a measure of departure from canonical equilibrium, and reveal a minimum, non-zero uncertainty about β given Γ for every non-canonical superstatistical ensemble. The behavior of

D

is illustrated in the case of a collisionless plasma described by kappa distributions, revealing the precise sense in which the spectral index κ can be understood as a measure of distance from equilibrium.
℘

-adic quantum mechanics, the Dirac equation, and the violation of Einstein causality
Authors: Zúñiga-Galindo W A
Published: June 2024

This article studies the breaking of the Lorentz symmetry at the Planck length in quantum mechanics. We use three-dimensional

℘

-adic vectors as position variables, while the time remains a real number. In this setting, the Planck length is

1

/

℘

, where

℘

is a prime number, and the Lorentz symmetry is naturally broken. In the framework of the Dirac-von Neumann formalism for quantum mechanics, we introduce a new

℘

-adic Dirac equation that predicts the existence of particles and antiparticles and charge conjugation like the standard one. The discreteness of the

℘

-adic space imposes substantial restrictions on the solutions of the new equation. This equation admits localized solutions, which is impossible in the standard case. We show that an isolated quantum system whose evolution is controlled by the

℘

-adic Dirac equation does not satisfy the Einstein causality, which means that the speed of light is not the upper limit for the speed at which conventional matter or energy can travel through space. The new

℘

-adic Dirac equation is not intended to replace the standard one; it should be understood as a new version (or a limit) of the classical equation at the Planck length scale.
Learning linear optical circuits with coherent states
Authors: Volkoff T J , Sornborger Andrew T
Published: June 2024

We analyze the energy and training data requirements for supervised learning of an M-mode linear optical circuit by minimizing an empirical risk defined solely from the action of the circuit on coherent states. When the linear optical circuit acts non-trivially only on k < M unknown modes (i.e. a linear optical k-junta), we provide an energy-efficient, adaptive algorithm that identifies the junta set and learns the circuit. We compare two schemes for allocating a total energy, E, to the learning algorithm. In the first scheme, each of the T random training coherent states has energy

E

/

T

. In the second scheme, a single random MT-mode coherent state with energy E is partitioned into T training coherent states. The latter scheme exhibits a polynomial advantage in training data size sufficient for convergence of the empirical risk to the full risk due to concentration of measure on the

(
2
M
T
−
1
)

-sphere. Specifically, generalization bounds for both schemes are proven, which indicate that for ε-approximation of the full risk by the empirical risk with high probability,

O
(

E

2

/

3

M

2

/

3

/

ϵ

2

/

3

)

training states are sufficient for the first scheme and

O
(

E

1

/

3

M

1

/

3

/

ϵ

2

/

3

)

training states are sufficient for the second scheme.