bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy saving when using equipment for the disposal of low-potential waste heat
Authors: Guschin I.A.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the problem of energy saving in the context of comparing different types of heat exchangers for the utilization of high-potential waste heat. The advantages and disadvantages of various regenerative ventilation schemes are analyzed and the most efficient heat exchangers are proposed for use in various fields. These include various types of regenerative heat exchangers. The factors influencing reliability and creation of optimal operating modes with high energy savings are considered. Recommendations for the use of enthalpy heat exchangers with the required technical characteristics are given. Various types of nozzles are shown to ensure better efficiency. The advantages and disadvantages of regenerative heat exchangers with an intermediate carrier and techniques for reducing the cost of manufacturing such structures are considered. The areas of application of small-sized plate heat exchangers are given. The principle of operation of heat exchangers on heat pipes (HHP) and their technical characteristics are considered. A compactness criterion has been introduced, which allows comparing different types of heat exchangers. The instantaneous boiling apparatus for the utilization of low-potential internal (by-product) energy resources (IER) and possible applications are considered in detail. In all cases of using the considered schemes, the prospects for their development in industry are noted.
Scoping Review on Measurement Tool for Work Fatigue
Authors: Rahmania Aisy , Ma’rifah Siti , Mayang Phuspaand Sisca , Ramli Azizan
Published: April 2024

Measurement tools for assessing work fatigue are very diverse and developed according to research needs. The are several measurements that widely used to address or find out the work fatigue in industries. This research is a scoping review of “Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory”, “The Multidimensional Work Fatigue Inventory”, “Fatigue Severity Scale”, “Fatigue Assessment Scale”, “Short Form 36 Vitality Subscale”, and “The Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale (OFER). This was reported under the guidance of PRISMA extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). This study shows an inconsistency in use of measurement tools, even though researchers argue for practicality. The large number of studies on work fatigue allows confusion of researchers to choose a measurement tool for work fatigue that is suitable for the research population. This research helps other to describe various measurement tools of work fatigue that are often used globally. Further research can determine the measurement tool of fatigue according to needs and some considerations of advantages to be more accurate.
Analysis of Mental Workload in Sugar Factory Production Workers Using the NASA-TLX Method
Authors: Amini Aziziyah , Tanjung Ar Royyan Utama , Dzakiyyudin Muhammad Fatih Irham , Maharani Erika Ariana , Sari Amarria Dila
Published: April 2024

Company XYZ is a sugar manufacturing company where it has several processing sequence including milling until crystallization. Methods used in this research are NASA-TLX in order to measure mental workload of employees caused by a severe work environment such as dust and gas exposure, and a not optimum temperature. The findings shed a light on the significant of Own Performance (OP) among the others parameter of NASA-TLX. Showing that the main component of workers’ stress are coming from the performance itself with 534.333 index of OP. With the laboratory works at the company makes the top compared to the other jobs. This study shows company XYZ to improve in certain aspects. This will help improvements to be on target.
Omax Application on a T-Shirt SME for Productivity Improvement
Authors: Oktavia Safitri , Kurnianingtyas Chandra Dewi , Destyanto Twin Yoshua R.
Published: April 2024

Titik Terang Convection is a small industry (SME) that produces t-shirts. They have yet to be able to meet targets according to customer demand. The production activity from May to July 2022 shows the company’s completion rate is 95%. Failure to achieve this target causes a decrease in consumer satisfaction levels. Therefore, this research aims to determine the factors that influence productivity and provide suggestions for efforts that need to be made to increase company productivity. The method used to measure productivity is OMAX (Objective Matrix). These measurements showed that the main factor causing the company’s productivity not to be achieved was low production output, mainly due to inefficient work elements during the production process. This resulted in delays in finished products and decreased consumer satisfaction. Improvement was done by creating a flow process chart (FPC) so that less efficient work elements could be detected and corrected according to the initial chart. The results of this study show improvements by increasing productivity by up to 65% while reducing cycle time by 5.58%. This shows that OMAX can help to see the main factors of low productivity, and FPC supports re-engineering the work elements to make them more efficient.
Wearable Clothing Drop Box Design Using Persuasive Design Approach
Authors: Theresia Clara , Wiyono Ruth Theodora
Published: April 2024

The phenomenon of fast fashion (the trend of dressing in a short period of just six months to two years) is a trend that occurs today. This trend raises the problem of stacking clothes. Clothes that are not reused should be used and distributed to others in need or known as the recycling concept. This study aims to design a drop box that can collect and distribute suitable clothes by using Persuasive Design approach. Dropbox is used to improve the concept of sustainability of clothing products. The initial stage of the study was an interview to explore the target of user behaviour in using clothes and explore the inhibiting factors experienced by users due to confusion in distributing their used clothes. Affective design approach is chosen by applying tunnelling, reduction and conditioning technology methods. Dropbox design built in a physical and digital display of the product. The product evaluation process using Usability Testing with the results obtained an efficiency rate of 100%, an effectiveness of 90.625%, and a System Usability Score (SUS) of 83.44, showing that the prototype has good usability. In the persuasive aspect, namely effectiveness, quality, and capability, average values of 5.75, 6.125, and 5.958 were obtained. Improvement recommendations are made based on the results of evaluation by respondents, namely make a clear information at drop box product and display improvement.
Comparison of weighted-full time equivalent (W-FTE), conventional FTE, and NASA TLX in mental workload analysis (a case study)
Authors: Asyari Hasyim , Kustian Ghazi Dhia , Musmuallim
Published: April 2024

Human resources is one of the company’s most important resources. The optimum performance of each employee will undoubtedly be achieved when the workload given to each employee is evenly distributed. Therefore, a workload measurement is required to identify whether each employee’s given workload is evenly distributed. XYZ Inc. is a steel manufacturing company. The production process for each order can take about 1-3 months. Especially for production in the Pressure Part, it can take a long time due to the product’s shape, massive volume, and complexity. In this research, workload measurements were conducted with employees (n=7) of the Production Planning Control of the Pressure Part using a combination of weighted FTE, conventional FTE, and NASA-TLX. The obtained index value results using the FTE is 1.69 (overload), and using W-FTE is 2,3 (overload). The result of the NASA-TLX method is an average WWL value of 76.19 (high). Index of W-FTE is after the FTE index value has been determined, the optimal number of employees is calculated based on the FTE index. Based on the results, adding three new employees (n=10) to equalize the workload in production planning control is necessary to lower the average FTE index value by 1.18 (inload).
Analysis of Employee Work Posture and Physical Workload Using del Riesgo Individual Evalution and Cardio-Vascular Load Methods
Authors: Djunaidi Much. , Ramadhani Qonita Adila , Anis Muchlison , Munawir Hafidh
Published: April 2024

The role of humans as workers is still dominant in carrying out the production process, especially activities carried out manually in Material Handling (MMH). Activities carried out using the MMH method are identified as having a high risk if they are not carried out ergonomically and with a good work system, musculoskeletal complaints can occur due to wrong work postures and physical workload. The production process for SME Barokah Tofu in Kendal Regency is still carried out manually by employees who have identified incorrect work postures due to musculoskeletal complaints and physical workload. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze work posture and physical workload of Barokah Tofu employees who have a high risk to reduce musculoskeletal complaints and high physical workload, as well as provide suggestions for improvements to Barokah Tofu. The methods used in this research are ERIN (Evaluation Del Riesgo Individual) and CVL (Cardiovascular Load). Based on the calculation results, it can be concluded that there are 2 activities that have the results of the classification of work posture and physical workload inversely, namely soybean milling and moulding of tofu where work posture has a high risk and physical workload has a low risk, and there are 2 activities that have a work posture classification result. and the physical workload is directly proportional, namely filtering cooking products with low risk and cutting tofu with high risk. Activities that have a high risk require suggestions for improvements, namely simulation of tool design and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for the application of ergonomic principles at work.
Innovative Design of Ecommerce Mobile Application Using Kansei Engineering and System Usability Scale
Authors: Putra Perdana Suteja , Zunaidi Rizqa Amelia , Mardhiana Hawwin , Mirza Alfansuri Habib , Dhiaul Suryo Kusumo Arrifqi Muhammad , Yulianita Ika
Published: April 2024

Information technology is currently growing at a rapid speed in order to provide users with convenience, one of which is the ease of accessing the internet via mobile phones. The emergence of social media programs such as virtual buddy applications has contributed to the rapid increase in internet users, particularly via mobile phones. Social media, in addition to being a virtual friendship application, also functions as a promotional medium, one of which is the promotion of online shopping applications, hence boosting the number of online purchasing transactions in Indonesia. An online shopping platform was chosen to market university’s products, allowing customers to shop easier and may increase the growth rapidly. As a result, Kansei Engineering is used in this study to develop applications that tap into users’ emotional demands. In addition, to establish the optimum design for the user, the prototype was tested for performance and usability using a System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. According to the study’s findings, the application will be created with the following feelings in mind: appealing, attractive, organised, practical, innovative, quick, effective, accessible, interactive, and unique. According to usability studies, the “friendly concept” application generated better levels of satisfaction than the other design concepts.
Behavior Physiology of Workplace Bullying and It’s Role to Job Satisfaction and Psychologycal Distress among Workers at Water Supply Company
Authors: Wulandari Putu Diana , Purnawati Susy , Prihastini Komang Angga , Gandari Ni Komang Matalia
Published: April 2024

Individuals strive to fulfill their essential needs by working. Every company has different work environment. The work environment tends to have impact on each individual. One of the key issues that usually occur at workplace is bullying. Workplace bullying can happen to anyone while both bullies and their victims may experience psychological effects from bullying. This study aims to see the effect of workplace bullying on job satisfaction and psychological distress among water supply company employees. This research design is quantitative using cross sectional design. The results showed that the psychological distress variable played a significant role in workplace bullying (p. <0.05). However, the job satisfaction variable does not contribute to workplace bullying (p. > 0.05). The serotonin trasporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene consists of an insertion/deletion that creates a short (S) 14 repeat or a long (L) 16 repeat allele. Genotype profile on one’s serotonergic system is correlated by their dominance in the community. Individuals with allele LL type is more likely become bullies when they are encouraged by the environment. In contrast, individuals with SS allele type with in a characteristic of low transcription activity at transporter serotonin gene tend to become bullying victims in their workplace due to they more vulnerable to stress. Employee with amygdala which easily triggered and intimidated by the dominant individuals, more likely to experience workplace bullying. Those employee who work in supportive workplace show higher job satisfaction and they are not distress psychologically.
Parenting Styles And Their Impact On Online Gaming Addiction: Mediating Role Of Psychological Well-Being In Indonesia
Authors: Achmad Rendy Alfiannoor , Julia Elvananta Katamasi Tri Pratiwi , Butar Butar Taruli Artha , Shadiqi Muhammad Abdan
Published: April 2024

In Indonesia’s distinctive cultural and digital milieu, this study explores the interconnectedness between parenting styles, psychological well-being, and online game addiction in individuals aged 15-30. Utilizing digital outreach on platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, data was sourced from 601 participants. The Indonesian Online Game Addiction Questionnaire, the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and Triwahyuni and Prasetio’s 42-item scale for psychological health were the primary measurement tools. Findings underscore an inverse relationship between both paternal and maternal parenting styles and psychological health. Furthermore, psychological well-being serves as a critical mediator in the relationship between parenting styles and online gaming habits. The insights offer significant implications for parenting, psychological health, and digital gaming behaviors in the contemporary Indonesian context, suggesting a need for harmonized approaches that seamlessly blend tradition and modern challenges.
Real-time Noise Risk Assessment as Preventive Action to Occupational Disease in A Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Hardiningtyas Dewi , Sholihah Qomariyatus , Ciaputra Ega , Budio Sugeng Prayitno , Anwar Muhammad Ruslin
Published: April 2024

Noise is a form of dangerous exposure that occurs around humans because of sound sources from industrial machines, work equipment, alarms, transportation equipment, etc. Continuous exposure to noise with noise levels higher than 85 dBA can lead to psychological and psychological health problems. The aim of this research is to identify the intensity of noise in the pharmaceutical industry and to map the noise to humans. Noise evaluation began by conducting a survey of conditions on the production floor by arranging a production floor layout accompanied by the location of machines and other work facilities. The next step was to determine the size and number of networks that would help in identifying interference measurement points. It took around 100 points to identify interference and then measurements were carried out using a noise meter with 6 repetitions per point. The equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) was calculated first before being used as input to the Surfer software to obtain interference on the production floor. The research results showed that there were 100 points spread across 12 workstations in this drug manufacturing industry. The results showed that there were 19 points that received interference ≥ 85 dBA. The areas with the biggest disturbances were the EPM machine area, spooling machine, and slitting room.
IMPLEMENT – Ein Modellprojekt zur sektorenübergreifenden
Implementierung einer flächendeckenden und qualitätsgesicherten Sport- und
Bewegungstherapie bei Krebs
Authors: Reitz Melanie , Berling-Ernst Anika , Schminke Theresia , Brandes Mirko , Meurer Janina , Fuhr Daniela , Tramm Irina , Gadczikowkse Yvonne , Welker Christine , Baurecht Hansjörg , Morlok Dominik , Rüter Jana , Herrmann-Johns Anne , Jensen Wiebke , Bokemeyer Carsten , Schmidt Thorsten , Köser Antonia , Golla André , Schmidt Heike , Jahn Patrick , Zimmer Rebecca , Götte Miriam , Theurich Sebastian , Wehner Annalena , Madl Bernardine , Halle Martin , Hegenberg Kathrin , Laxy Michael , Leitzmann Michael , Zeeb Hajo , Baumann Freerk T.
Published: April 2024

Eine qualitätsgesicherte onkologische Sport- und Bewegungstherapie (qSBT) ist,
trotz der nachweislich positiven Effekte auf die Nebenwirkungen einer
Krebstherapie und auf die Lebensqualität, noch kein Bestandteil der derzeitigen
Regelversorgung von onkologischen Patient*innen. Aus diesem Grund werden im
Rahmen des multizentrischen IMPLEMENT Projektes Strategien entwickelt und
geprüft, um die Zugangsstrukturen zu einer qSBT nachhaltig zu verbessern.

Zu Beginn des IMPLEMENT Projektes werden Barrieren und Förderfaktoren für eine
effektive Implementierung einer qSBT mithilfe eines Mixed-Methods-Designs
ermittelt. Im darauffolgenden Schritt werden Implementationsstrategien in fünf
Teilprojekten für spezifische Zielgruppen (Erwachsene oder pädiatrische
Patient*innen) und Regionen (städtisch vs. ländlich) entwickelt und umgesetzt.
Die Evaluierung (nach drei Jahren) und die Zwischenevaluierungen (jährlich)
orientieren sich an dem RE-AIM-Framework und werden von Fragebögen,
semi-strukturierten Interviews und Fokusgruppen ergänzt. Die Erkenntnisse aus
den Zwischenevaluierungen werden genutzt, um die Implementierungsstrategien der
einzelnen Teilprojekte zu überarbeiten und zu verbessern.

Das primäre Ziel von IMPLEMENT ist es, die Anzahl der onkologischen
Patient*innen, die an einer qSBT teilnehmen, zu erhöhen (Median 30%). Die
sekundären Ziele umfassen unter anderem die Erweiterung des qSBT Angebots sowie
die Zunahme an onkologischen Patient*innen, die von einer gesteigerten
Lebensqualität berichten (patientenbezogene Effektivität). Die Zielparameter
werden mittels eines Vorher-Nachher-Designs erfasst.

Bei jeder Gruppe der Akteure (z. B. Ärzte/Ärztinnen, medizinisches Fachpersonal,
Sport- und Physiotherapeut*innen) und onkologischen Patient*innen in den
verschiedenen Settings müssen spezifische Barrieren und Förderfaktoren bei der
Implementierung von qSBT berücksichtigt werden. Bestimmte
Implementierungsstrategien können potenziell dazu beitragen, die identifizierten
Barrieren zu überwinden und Förderfaktoren zu unterstützen. Somit könnten
nachhaltige Zugangsstrukturen zu einer qSBT in Deutschland geschaffen
werden.

Der Einsatz von effektiven Implementierungsstrategien kann für die
flächendeckende Etablierung von qSBT in Deutschland förderlich sein und könnte
ein zentraler Bestandteil für die Implementierung von qSBT in die
Regelversorgung von onkologischen Patient*innen darstellen.
Multiprofessionelle Versorgungsstruktur und Netzwerk zur Förderung
von bedarfsorientierter, wohnortnaher Bewegungstherapie von onkologischen
Patient*innen – MOVE-ONKO
Authors: Graf Katharina , Ansmann Lena , Wensing Michel , Weigmann-Faßbender Sandra , Böhm Julian , Pahl Antonia , Betz Ulrich , Kuhn Jessica , Wiskemann Joachim
Published: April 2024

Vor dem Hintergrund der umfangreichen Evidenz für das Potenzial von onkologischer
Sport- und Bewegungstherapie als unterstützende Maßnahme vor, während und nach einer
Krebserkrankung/-behandlung wird zunehmend die Integration von Bewegungsförderung
und -therapie als supportive Maßnahme in die interdisziplinäre onkologische
Behandlung gefordert 1
2
3. Die
Versorgung mit entsprechenden bewegungsbezogenen Beratungs- und
Unterstützungsangeboten für Menschen mit einer Krebserkrankung ist in Deutschland
jedoch bislang unzureichend. Die größten Hürden für eine flächendeckende
Implementierung von Bewegungstherapie sind insbesondere die frühzeitige,
behandlungsbegleitende Information und Motivation der Betroffenen zu Bewegung durch
Fachpersonal in der onkologischen Versorgung sowie der niedrigschwellige Zugang zu
(bestehenden) adäquaten und qualitätsgesicherten
Bewegungstherapie-/-förderungsprogrammen 4
5
6
7.
Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Conditions: Findings from a Homeopathy Teaching Clinic using the MYCaW Instrument
Authors: Gray Alastair C. , Luketic Christine D. , Pracjek Parker , Straiges Denise
Published: April 2024

Background The Academy of Homeopathy Education is a US-based accredited teaching institution offering homeopathy education services to professional and medically licensed homeopathy students. This study reports on clinical outcomes from the teaching clinic from 2020 to 2021.

Methods Data collected using the patient-generated outcome measure, the Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW), were anonymized. Mean MYCaW values for initial and subsequent consultations were analyzed for the degree of change across the intervention period in 38 clients. Each client listed up to two complaints. MYCaW scores between initial and subsequent consultations were analyzed for the degree of change (delta) across the intervention period.

Results A total of 95 body system-related symptoms were analyzed for change in intensity following the homeopathic intervention. Statistically significant improvements in the intensity of main symptoms were observed between initial and subsequent follow-ups. The main symptom scores showed a mean change in intensity (delta MYCaW) of −0.79 points (95% confidence interval (CI), −1.29 to −0.29; p = 0.003) at first follow-up, a mean change of −1.67 points (95% CI, −2.34 to −0.99; p = 0.001) at second follow-up compared with the initial visit, and a mean change of −1.93 points (95% CI, −3.0 to −0.86; p = 0.008) at third follow-up compared with the initial visit. For clients with four or more follow-ups, the mean delta MYCaW was −1.57 points (95% CI, −2.86 to −0.28; p = 0.039).

Conclusion Statistically significant improvements as well as some clinically meaningful changes in symptom intensity were found across a diverse group of individuals with a variety of long-term chronic conditions. The improvement was evident across different body systems and different levels of chronicity. There are limitations to the generalizability of the study due to the research design. Further research and investigation are warranted given the promising results of this work.
Reading and Writing Impairment in Persons with Crossed Aphasia: A Comparative Study
Authors: Swamy Akshaya , Puttanna Deepak , Channabasavegowda Yashaswini
Published: April 2024

Background Persons with aphasia (PWAs) manifest multifaceted deficits like auditory comprehension, spoken language, reading, and writing to varying degrees. Of these, the most debilitating signs are reading and writing impairment. Of late, PWAs express greater interest to improve their reading and writing skills. The deficits in these skills along with deficits in spoken language limit their participation in the community. Reading and writing may be altered contrarily in various stroke conditions across the left and right hemisphere lesions, just like how linguistic impairments are mutually exclusive. Thus, it must be rational to reconcile the possible role of the right hemisphere to process reading and writing inversely alike spoken abilities. Additionally, investigations on reading and writing deficits in left cerebrovascular atrophy (CVA) aphasics and right CVA aphasics (crossed aphasia) are seldom reported in the literature with relevance to Indian population focusing Indian languages. The study aims to compare reading and writing abilities across PWAs with left CVA and right CVA (crossed aphasia).

Methodology The study recruited four native Kannada speaking PWAs (6 months poststroke) aged between 40 and 70 years with impaired linguistic abilities secondary to stroke through convenient sampling. Western Aphasia Battery-Kannada was administered to identify aphasic component, specifically to evaluate the language, reading, and writing aspects in detail and the scores were analyzed based on the scoring.

Results Descriptive statistics revealed both left and crossed PWAs performed equipotent on linguistics tasks. However, reading abilities were better in left CVA individuals and writing was better in crossed PWAs on comparing the mean scores. Correlation analysis revealed positive correlation between language and reading-writing abilities of left CVA PWAs. Negative correlation was evinced in crossed PWAs. Hence, reading and writing difficulties in crossed aphasia can be mostly ascribed to impairment in peripheral mechanisms involved in visual and/or kinesthetic information processing as the right hemisphere is most viable to these processes.

Conclusion The study highlights the unique pattern of reading and writing abilities in crossed aphasia condition. However, careful examination of dissociations in acquired spoken language and written language abilities across differential neuronal networks through larger samples in the future research is warranted.
Prevalence and Incidence of Intentional and Unintentional Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Erode, India
Authors: Narayanan Lokesh , Kaliyaperumal Kamesh , Ramalingam Kameswaran , Balasubramanian Rajkapoor
Published: April 2024

Poisoning is a significant burden in developing countries, with high fatality rates due to deliberate self-harm and unintentional exposures. This study aimed to raise awareness and provide guidance on poison consumption in a tertiary care hospital in Erode. A cross-sectional study over 6 months involved 377 poisoning cases. Females aged 21 to 30 years, semi-urban residents, and illiterate individuals were found to be the vulnerable groups. Rat killers and tablets were common poisoning agents, often linked to family problems. Comprehensive approaches, addressing mental health, family support, and health care access, are needed. Raising awareness, counseling, and educating high-risk individuals are essential preventive measures. Interventions enhanced poisoning management knowledge and coping strategies, emphasizing the importance of integrated efforts to combat poisoning's socioeconomic impact.
Design of printing ink spectral collection system and research on ink proportion prediction method
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Liu Xinru , Zhang Rui , Jiang Fei , He Junjia , Fang Shuyang
Published: April 2024

In spectral-based ink content measurement, improving the accuracy of the spectral collection system and reducing the algorithm complexity of the ink content measurement model are important aspects of research. This study designs a spectral collection system with an M-type Czerny–Turner optical path structure, uses a third-order polynomial fitting method for calibration analysis, collects the spectral of the standard color card and denoises it through Savitzky–Golay convolution smoothing, and establishes a functional relationship between the spectral and the logarithm of ink content. Uninformative Variable Elimination (UVE) and Competitive Adaptive Reweighting Sampling are used to perform comparative analysis on feature wavelength extraction, and a prediction model for printing ink content is established. Experimental results show that the R2 of ink C, ink M, and ink Y are 0.9981, 0.9975, and 0.9892, respectively, and the root mean square error is 0.0134, 0.0153, and 0.0317, respectively, showing good performance in ink prediction accuracy.
Surface free energy calculation of the solid–fluid interfaces from molecular simulation
Authors: Ghoufi Aziz
Published: April 2024

In this work, I present a straightforward approach for computing surface free energy γF based on the assessment of surface internal energy (γU), avoiding the difficulty connected to the determination of the elastic contribution in the case of a solid surface. This methodology has thus been extended to the calculation of γF for the interface between the liquid–vapor phase of water, the solid–vapor interface of aluminum, the aluminum–water interface, rigid graphene–water solid–liquid interfaces, and the n-dodecane–water liquid–liquid interface.
Classification of laser beam profiles using machine learning at the ELI-NP high power laser system
Authors: Gaciu V. , Dăncuş I. , Diaconescu B. , Ghiţă D. G. , Sluşanschi E. , Ticoş C. M.
Published: April 2024

The high power laser system at Extreme Light Infrastructure—Nuclear Physics has demonstrated 10 PW power shot capability. It can also deliver beams with powers of 1 PW and 100 TW in several different experimental areas that carry out dedicated sets of experiments. An array of diagnostics is deployed to characterize the laser beam spatial profiles and to monitor their evolution during the amplification stages. Some of the essential near-field and far-field profiles acquired with CCD cameras are monitored constantly on a large screen television for visual observation and for decision making concerning the control and tuning of the laser beams. Here, we present results on the beam profile classification obtained from datasets with over 14 600 near-field and far-field images acquired during two days of laser operation at 1 PW and 100 TW. We utilize supervised and unsupervised machine learning models based on trained neural networks and an autoencoder. These results constitute an early demonstration of machine learning being used as a tool in the laser system data classification.
A competence matrix for machine translation-oriented data literacy teaching
Authors: Krüger Ralph , Hackenbuchner Janiça
Published: April 2024

This article presents a matrix of competence descriptors aimed at machine translation-oriented data literacy
teaching. This competence matrix constitutes the didactics-facing side of the DataLitMT project, which develops
learning resources for teaching relevant components of data literacy in their translation-specific form of professional machine
translation (MT) literacy to BA and MA students in translation and specialised communication. After highlighting the increasing
relevance of both professional MT literacy and data literacy in the context of Translation Studies and professional translation,
the article presents and discusses a professional MT literacy framework and an MT-specific data literacy framework, which serve to
structure the two frames of reference relevant to this article. Then, the article provides a detailed discussion of the competence
matrix developed based on the two frameworks sketched previously. This discussion is intended to show how the individual
dimensions and sub-dimensions of data literacy were linked to relevant (sub-)dimensions of professional MT literacy and translated
into corresponding competence descriptors. To conclude, the article presents an example of a learning resource for MT-oriented
data literacy teaching developed based on the descriptors of the competence matrix.
Indirect control of band gaps by manipulating local atomic environments using solid solutions and co-doping
Authors: Al-Farsi Mohammed , Cutini Michele , Allan Neil L , Hart Judy N
Published: April 2024

The ability to tune band gaps of semiconductors is important for many optoelectronics applications including photocatalysis. A common approach to this is doping, but this often has the disadvantage of introducing defect states in the electronic structure that can result in poor charge mobility and increased recombination losses. In this work, density functional theory calculations are used to understand how co-doping and solid solution formation can allow tuning of semiconductor band gaps through indirect effects. The addition of ZnS to GaP alters the local environments of the Ga and P atoms, resulting in shifts in the energies of the P and Ga states that form the valence and conduction band edges, and hence changes the band gap without altering which atoms form the band edges, providing an explanation for previous experimental observations. Similarly, N doping of ZnO is known from previous experimental work to reduce the band gap and increase visible-light absorption; here we show that, when co-doped with Al, the Al changes the local environment of the N atoms, providing further control of the band gap without introducing new states within the band gap or at the band edges, while also providing an energetically more favourable state than N-doped ZnO. Replacing Al with elements of different electronegativity is an additional tool for band gap tuning, since the different electronegativities correspond to different effects on the N local environment. The consistency in the parameters identified here that control the band gaps across the various systems studied indicates some general concepts that can be applied in tuning the band gaps of semiconductors, without or only minimally affecting charge mobility.
Maximizing enhanced oil recovery via oxidative cracking of crude oil: employing air injection and H2O2 with response surface methodology optimization
Authors: Nouari Omar , Hammadou née Mesdour Souad , Hamada Boudjemaa
Published: April 2024

The utilization of air injection as a method to enhance oil recovery in oil fields has gained prominence due to its cost-effectiveness and widespread availability, particularly in heavy oil production. This study focuses on optimizing the oxidative cracking process of Algerian crude oil by employing air injection supplemented with H2O2 and analyzing the interaction of key operating parameters like temperature and catalyst amount using response surface methodology. The predicted values derived from the response functions closely aligned with experimental data, demonstrating high accuracy (R2 = 0.9727 for liquid oil, R2 = 0.9176 for residue, and R2 = 0.7399 for gas phases). Using the developed second-order model, optimal conditions were determined through contour and surface plots, as well as regression equation analysis using Design software. At these optimal parameters (14.78 wt% of H2O2, 2 l min−1 of air flow, 100 ml of crude oil at 354.05 °C for 40 min), the oxidative cracking process yielded 96.32% liquid oil, 3.018% residue, and 0.662% gas products. Notably, the experimental produced liquid oil constituted 96.07 vol. %, matching well with the optimization outcomes. Physicochemical analysis of liquid product phase obtained from oxidative cracking process of petroleum confirmed the prevalence of light aliphatic compounds (C2-C11) at 70.59%, alongside 29.41% of C12-C36. The process also resulted in reduced viscosity, density, refractive index, and sulfur content in the liquid phase. The combination of air injection and H2O2 showcases promise in recovering residual oil effectively and contributes to the ongoing advancements in EOR techniques.
On the failure of Ornstein theory in the finitary category
Authors: Gabor Uri
Published: April 2024

We show the invalidity of finitary counterparts for three classification theorems: The preservation of being a Bernoulli shift through factors, Sinai’s factor theorem, and the weak Pinsker property. We construct a finitary factor of an i.i.d. process which is not finitarily isomorphic to an i.i.d. process, showing that being finitarily Bernoulli is not preserved through finitary factors. This refutes a conjecture of M. Smorodinsky [Finitary isomorphism of

m
m

-dependent processes, Amer. Math. Soc., Birkhauser, Providence, RI, 1992, pp. 373–376], which was first suggested by D. Rudolph [A characterization of those processes finitarily isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift, Birkhäuser, Boston, Mass., 1981, pp. 1–64]. We further show that any ergodic system is isomorphic to a process none of whose finitary factors are i.i.d. processes, and in particular, there is no general finitary Sinai’s factor theorem for ergodic processes. Another consequence of this result is the invalidity of a finitary weak Pinsker property, answering a question of G. Pete and T. Austin [Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 128 (2018), 1–119].
Newsvendor decisions under incomplete information: behavioural experiments on information uncertainty
Authors: Kocabıyıkoğlu Ayşe , Önkal Dilek , Göğüş Celile Itır , Gönül M Sinan
Published: April 2024

Accepted by: Aris Syntetos

Exploring the effects of information uncertainty presents an extensive challenge to decision makers. This study presents a set of behavioural experiments that examine the impact of incomplete information on newsvendor decisions. Findings show that orders deviate from normative benchmarks when decision makers have incomplete information and this tendency is stronger when the demand distribution is not known. Comparison of decisions under incomplete information against behavioural benchmarks with full and no information reveal that the availability of price and cost information brings decisions significantly closer to normative levels when the underlying demand distribution is unknown. On the opposite spectrum, when demand information is available, not knowing price or cost does not lead to worse decisions. Analysing newsvendor profits under various information conditions, we find participants capture at most 84% of earnings they could have generated if they ordered the normative quantity in high-profit margin settings; the corresponding percentage is 51% in low-profit margin settings. Our results suggest decreasing uncertainty on the demand distribution has a consistently positive impact on profits, while uncertainty about cost or price does not have a significant effect. Implications of our findings on the differential impact of incomplete information are discussed via the backdrop of the prevalence of newsvendor framework across a wide range of operational decisions.
Angle-dependent seismic attenuation-based gas-bearing detection of a sandstone river channel reservoir in the western Sichuan Basin
Authors: Sun Zhentao , Yin Xingyao , Ji Yongzhen
Published: April 2024

The shallow river channel sandstone reservoirs of Jurassic in the western Sichuan Basin are rich in natural gas. The gas-bearing sweet-spot has a ‘sausage-like’ distribution feature, with complex gas water distribution. Analyses of seismic data at different angles show that gas-bearing reservoir formation has different seismic attenuation features from the water-bearing formations, and such differences have a certain correlation with gas production. Accordingly, a gas-bearing detection technology based on angle-dependent seismic attenuation feature is proposed. First, the matching-pursuit time-frequency analysis method is used to extract high-resolution time-frequency spectra from seismic data at different incidence angles. Then, the angle-dependent seismic attenuation attribute is estimated using the extracted time-frequency spectra. Finally, the attribute is combined with the inverted impedance for gas-bearing detection. With the advantages of lower uncertainty and being less affected by reservoir porosity, the application results of the developed method have a high coincidence rate with the drilled wells, and the drilling wells deployed based on the detection results have achieved high production.
Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence and Transmission in the Households of Pregnant Women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Morgan Camille E , Ngimbi Patrick , Boisson-Walsh Alix J N , Ntambua Sarah , Matondo Jolie , Tabala Martine , Kashamuka Melchior Mwandagalirwa , Emch Michael , Edwards Jessie K , Powers Kimberly A , James Linda , Mbonze Nana , Mampunza Samuel , Yotebieng Marcel , Thompson Peyton , Parr Jonathan B
Published: April 2024

Background

The World Health Organization Africa region has high regional hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, and evidence suggests more frequent horizontal HBV transmission than other regions. Context-specific epidemiological studies are needed to inform additional HBV prevention measures.

Methods

In the cross-sectional Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B (HOVER-HBV) study, we introduced HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) screening alongside existing HIV screening as part of routine antenatal care in high-volume maternity clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. We recruited households of pregnant women (“index mothers”) who were HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative, defining households as index-positive and index-negative, respectively. Household members underwent HBsAg testing and an epidemiological survey. We evaluated HBsAg prevalence and potential transmission correlates.

Results

We enrolled 1006 participants from 200 households (100 index-positive, 100 index-negative) across Kinshasa. HBsAg-positivity prevalence was more than twice as high in index-positive households (5.0% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.8%–7.1%]) as in index-negative households (1.9% [95% CI, .6%–3.2%]). HBsAg-positivity prevalence was 3.3 (95% CI, .9–11.8) times as high among direct offspring in index-positive versus index-negative households. Factors associated with HBsAg positivity included older age, marriage, and having multiple recent partners or any new sexual partners among index mothers; and older age, lower household wealth, sharing nail clippers, and using street salons among offspring in index-positive households.

Conclusions

Vertical and horizontal HBV transmission within households is ongoing in Kinshasa. Factors associated with infection reveal opportunities for HBV prevention efforts, including perinatal prevention, protection during sexual contact, and sanitation of shared personal items.
Digital Health Convergence Workshop: The Kenyan Experience
Authors: Waiyaiya Emma , Nyaga Nelly , Nyangena Job , Nyotu Ryan , Wamicwe Joyce , Langat Bernard , Wanyee Steven
Published: April 2024

In the dynamic landscape of digital development, the power of collaboration and convergence emerge as dynamic forces driving innovation and excellence. These forces not only align with global best practices defined in the Principles for Digital Development but also propel advancements in healthcare. A Convergence Workshop, which brings together diverse stakeholders is an approach to kick-start and sustain a shared vision within the ecosystem from healthcare providers to government agencies and serve as a catalyst for consensus building on critical aspects, including data standards, security protocols, and regulatory compliance. The value of Convergence Workshops lies in their ability to foster collaboration, address multifaceted challenges, and pave the way for a unified, interoperable Health Information Exchange and overarching Digital Public Infrastructure for Health while building relationships and trust between stakeholders. In this context, they play an indispensable role in shaping the future of a country's healthcare ecosystem, enhancing data-driven decision-making, and ultimately improving health outcomes.
Free propagation of resonant waves in nonlinear dissipative metamaterials
Authors: Fortunati Alessandro , Arena Andrea , Lepidi Marco , Bacigalupo Andrea , Lacarbonara Walter
Published: April 2024

This paper deals with the free propagation problem of resonant and close-to-resonance waves in one-dimensional lattice metamaterials endowed with nonlinearly viscoelastic resonators. The resonators' constitutive and geometric nonlinearities imply a cubic coupling with the lattice. The analytical treatment of the nonlinear wave propagation equations is carried out via a perturbation approach. In particular, after a suitable reformulation of the problem in the Hamiltonian setting, the approach relies on the well-known resonant normal form techniques from Hamiltonian perturbation theory. It is shown how the constructive features of the Lie Series formalism can be exploited in the explicit computation of the approximations of the invariant manifolds. A discussion of the metamaterial dynamic stability, either in the general or in the weak dissipation case, is presented.
The influence of the land-to-sea macroevolutionary transition on vertebral column disparification in Pinnipedia
Authors: Esteban Juan Miguel , Martín-Serra Alberto , Pérez-Ramos Alejandro , Rybczynski Natalia , Jones Katrina , Figueirido Borja
Published: April 2024

The repeated returns of vertebrates to the marine ecosystems since the Triassic serve as an evolutionary model to understand macroevolutionary change. Here we investigate the effects of the land-to-sea transition on disparity and constraint of the vertebral column in aquatic carnivorans (Carnivora; Pinnipedia) to assess how their functional diversity and evolutionary innovations influenced major radiations of crown pinnipeds. We use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and multivariate analysis for high-dimensional data under a phylogenetic framework to quantify vertebral size and shape in living and extinct pinnipeds. Our analysis demonstrates an important shift in vertebral column evolution by 10–12 million years ago, from an unconstrained to a constrained evolutionary scenario, a point of time that coincides with the major radiation of crown pinnipeds. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the axial skeleton of phocids and otariids followed a different path of morphological evolution that was probably driven by their specialized locomotor strategies. Despite this, we found a significant effect of habitat preference (coastal versus pelagic) on vertebral morphology of crown taxa regardless of the family they belong. In summary, our analysis provides insights into how the land-to-sea transition influenced the complex evolutionary history of pinniped vertebral morphology.
New occurrences of the bone-eating worm
Osedax
from Late Cretaceous marine reptiles and implications for its biogeography and diversification
Authors: Jamison-Todd Sarah , Mannion Philip D. , Glover Adrian G. , Upchurch Paul
Published: April 2024

The bone-eating worm
Osedax
is a speciose and globally distributed clade, primarily found on whale carcasses in marine environments. The earliest fossil evidence for
Osedax
borings was previously described in plesiosaur and sea turtle bones from the mid-Cretaceous of the United Kingdom, representing the only unequivocal pre-Oligocene occurrences. Confirming through CT scanning, we present new evidence of
Osedax
borings in three plesiosaur specimens and, for the first time, identify borings in two mosasaur specimens. All specimens are from the Late Cretaceous: one from the Cenomanian of the United Kingdom, two from the Campanian of the southeastern United States, and two from the Maastrichtian of Belgium. This extends the geographic range of
Osedax
in the Cretaceous to both sides of the northern Atlantic Ocean. The bones contain five borehole morphotypes, potentially created by different species of
Osedax
, with the Cenomanian specimen containing three morphotypes within a single tooth. This combined evidence of heightened species diversity by the Cenomanian and broad geographic range by the Campanian potentially indicates an earlier origin and diversification for this clade than previously hypothesized. Preservational biases indicate that
Osedax
was probably even more widely distributed and speciose in the Cretaceous than apparent in the fossil record.