bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New framework for interference and energy analysis of soft frequency reuse in 5G networks
Authors: Adejo Achonu , Asaka Osbert , Salau Habeeb Bello- , Alenoghena Caroline
Published: August 2020

Cellular networks are expanding massively due to high data requirements from mobile devices. This has motivated base station densification as an essential requirement for the 5G network. The implication is obvious benefits in enhanced system capacity, but also increased challenges in terms of interference. One important interference management technique which has been widely adopted in cellular networks is frequency reuse. In this article, an analysis is presented based on network interference and energy expended by base stations in downlink communication when Soft frequency reuse (SFR) is deployed. A framework is presented that captures the bandwidth overlaps in SFR across base station assignments, computes the interference probabilities arising and derives new performance equations which are verified using simulations. Results show an improvement of over previous SFR implementations that do not consider the interference probabilities. Thus, a more in-depth and accurate modelling of SFR in 5G networks is achieved. Furthermore, the downlink power allocation is investigated as against other parameters like the center ratio and edge bandwidth. The result shows that signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) and spectral efficiency give different performance under energy consideration. A framework is developed on how to tune a base station to achieve desired network performance in user SINR or cell spectral efficiency depending on the operator’s preference.
Substrate integrate waveguide and microstrip antennas at 28 GHz
Authors: Hussein Yaqdhan Mahmood , A. Rahim Mohamad Kamal , Murad Noor Asniza , Jawad Mustafa Mohammed , Hanoosh Hatem O. , Majid Huda A. , Keriee Hussam H. A.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, two antennas are designed using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip technology at 28 GHz. Parametric study for both antennas is presented to demonstrate the performance at millimeter wave frequency for wireless communication network (5G application). Roger RT5880 substrates with permittivity 2.2 and loss tangent 0.0009 are used to implement the antennas with two thicknesses of 0.508 mm and 0.127 mm respectively. Both antennas have the same size of substrate 12x12 mm with a full ground plane was used. Structures designs have been done by using computer simulation technology (CST). The simulation results showed that the antenna with SIW and roger RT 5880 substrate thickness 0.508 has better performance in term of return loss and radiation pattern than the microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz. A return loss more than -10 dB and the gain are 6.4 dB obtained with wide bandwidth range of (27.4-28.7) GHz. This proving to increase the realized gain by implementing SIW at millimeter wave band for 5G application network.
Application of static synchronous compensator and energy storage system for power system stability enhancement
Authors: Alatshan Mohammed Salheen , Alhamrouni Ibrahim , Sutikno Tole , Jusoh Awang
Published: August 2020

The major drivers of the quest for optimal placement of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are the quest for smart grids and economic indicators. The demand for energy and power stability will continue much as the astronomic growth in industries and increase in global population remains. The aim of this paper is to deliver a panoramic view of the use of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in combination with energy storage system (ESS) in order to enhance power stability. In this paper, it was observed that application of ESS is an important factor in attaining power stability and mitigating the effect of dynamics associated with the power supply system. The miniaturization of batteries and adequate placement of STATCOMs will be a challenge much as new power system are built or existing ones are expanded. The future of ESS is towards the adoption of renewable energy sources as against batteries.
A fast specular reflection removal based on pixels properties method
Authors: Jamaludin Shahrizan , Zainal Nasharuddin , W. Zaki W. Mimi Diyana
Published: August 2020

Iris recognition has been around for many years due to an extensive research on the uniqueness of human iris. It is well known that the iris is not similar to each other which means every human in the planet has their own iris pattern and cannot be shared. One of the main issues in iris recognition is iris segmentation. One element that can reduce the accuracy of iris segmentation is the presence of specular reflection. Another issue is the speed of specular reflection removal since the iris recognition system needs to process a lot of irises. In this paper, a specular reflection removal method was proposed to achieve a fast and accurate specular reflection removal. Some modifications were implemented on the existing pixels properties method. Based on the results, the proposed method achieved the fastest execution time, the highest segmentation accuracy and the highest SSIM compared to the other methods. This proves that the proposed method is fast and accurate to be implemented in the iris recognition systems.
Block diagonalization precoding and power allocation for clustering small-cell networks
Authors: Nugraha Toha Ardi , Surahmat Indar , Firdaus Firdaus
Published: August 2020

The clustering network is a solution to improve data-rate transmission in small-cells. In this case, clustering small-cells (CSCs) adopt a multiple antennas concept. The multiple antennas are used to maximize the downlink data-rate transmission at the users, but it requires precoding techniques to minimize interference among CSC users. This paper proposes a block diagonalization (BD) as a precoding technique for minimizing interference among CSC users. The performance of the BD precoding implemented on the clustering network under various numbers of small-cells. The CSC also implements a water-filling power allocation (PA-CoopWF) to distribute the available transmission power along with the CSCs antennas. To show the performance, our paper simulates two types of precoding techniques; those are the proposed BD and minimum mean square error (MMSE) in CSCs. Based on the receiver user parts under the overlapping coordination of CSCs, our method based on the BD precoding achieves considerably higher data-rate transmission compared to the MMSE precoding, especially on larger clusters. The simulation also shows that by implementing CSC with the BD in short-range distances and higher numbers of antennas, it promotes better data-rate performances compared to the MMSE precoding by 2.75 times at distance 100m and 67% at 50 antennas.
Multilayer extreme learning machine for hand movement prediction based on electroencephalography
Authors: Anam Khairul , Avian Cries , Nuh Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Brain computer interface (BCI) technology connects humans with machines via electroencephalography (EEG). The mechanism of BCI is pattern recognition, which proceeds by feature extraction and classification. Various feature extraction and classification methods can differentiate human motor movements, especially those of the hand. Combinations of these methods can greatly improve the accuracy of the results. This article explores the performances of nine feature-extraction types computed by a multilayer extreme learning machine (ML-ELM). The proposed method was tested on different numbers of EEG channels and different ML-ELM structures. Moreover, the performance of ML-ELM was compared with those of ELM, Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes in classifying real and imaginary hand movements in offline mode. The ML-ELM with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as feature extraction outperformed the other classification methods with highest accuracy 0.98. So, the authors also found that the structures influenced the accuracy of ML-ELM for different task, feature extraction used and channel used.
O esgotado artista contemporâneo
Authors: Fernandes Rafaela Alves
Published: August 2020

Criação literária.
Suppression of ovarian activity in a captive African Lion Panthera leo after deslorelin treatment
Authors: Braga Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira , Pizzutto Cristiane Schilbach , Rosenfield Derek Andrew , Furtado Priscila Viau , Oliveira Cláudio A. , Corrêa Sandra Helena Ramiro , Jorge-Neto Pedro Nacib , Guimarães Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz
Published: August 2020

Abstract: With the intent to evaluate the efficiency of a contraceptive treatment for cyclic ovarian suppression in African Lionesses Panthera leo using a Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist bioimplant, noninvasive fecal steroid assay associated with the observation of the behavioral estrus were employed for a period of 36 months.  Five captive adult females, maintained with a vasectomized male, subcutaneously received a 9.4mg deslorelin acetate implant.  The treatment initially stimulated behavioral estrus along with ovarian activity, demonstrated by an estrogen increase in two lionesses.  A rise in progesterone concentration in two other animals suggested possible treatment-induced ovulation.  After the initial period, deslorelin prevented ovarian activity for at least 22 months.  Two females exhibited signs of behavioral estrus after 22 and 31 months.  A third lioness with an increased estrogen concentration did not exhibit behavioral estrus signs or a consequent progesterone surge until 33 months after implantation, suggesting a possible resumption of ovarian activity.  One female did not exhibit any behavioral estrus signs nor a rise in steroid levels after the “treatment-induced” estrus throughout the entire experiment (36 months).  One lioness died after 15 months without exhibiting signs of estrus or an increased progesterone level, however, the estrogen concentration increased 12 months post-implantation, suggesting resumed ovarian activity.  The study showed that long-term treatment with a GnRH agonist can be extremely effective as a contraceptive treatment in African lionesses, however, the duration of contraception may vary among individuals and may bear the risk of permanent loss of normal ovarian activity.
Occupational Exposures and Cardiac Structure and Function: ECHO‐SOL (Echocardiographic Study of Latinos)
Authors: Burroughs Peña Melissa S. , Uwamungu Jean Claude , Bulka Catherine M. , Swett Katrina , Perreira Krista M. , Kansal Mayank M. , Loop Matthew Shane , Hurwitz Barry E. , Daviglus Martha , Rodriguez Carlos J.
Published: August 2020

Background

Our objective was to determine associations of occupational exposures with cardiac structure and function in Hispanic/Latino adults.

Methods and Results

Employed participants were included (n=782; 52% women, mean age 52.9 years). Occupational exposures to burning wood, vehicle exhaust, solvents, pesticides, and metals at the current and longest‐held job were assessed by questionnaire. Survey multivariable linear regression analyses were used to model the relationship of each self‐reported exposure with echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function. Exposure to burning wood at the current job was associated with decreased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (−3.1%; standard error [SE], 1.0 [
P
=0.002]). When the analysis was restricted to exposure at the longest‐held job, occupational exposure to burning wood was associated with increased LV diastolic volume (6.7 mL; SE, 1.6 [
P
<0.0001]), decreased LV ejection fraction (−2.7%; SE, 0.6 [
P
<0.0001]), worse LV global longitudinal strain (1.0%; SE, 0.3 [
P
=0.0009]), and decreased right ventricular fractional area change (−0.02; SE, 0.004 [
P
<0.001]). Exposure to pesticides was associated with worse average global longitudinal strain (0.8%; SE, 0.2 [
P
<0.0001]). Exposure to metals was associated with worse global longitudinal strain in the 2‐chamber view (1.0%; SE, 0.5 [
P
=0.04]), increased stroke volume (3.6 mL; SE, 1.6 [
P
=0.03]), and increased LV mass indexed to BSA (9.2 g/m
2
; SE, 3.8 [
P
=0.01]) or height (4.4 g/m
2.7
; SE, 1.9 [
P
=0.02]).

Conclusions

Occupational exposures to burning wood, vehicle exhaust, pesticides, and metals were associated with abnormal parameters of LV and right ventricular systolic function. Reducing exposures to toxic chemicals and particulates in the workplace is a potential opportunity to prevent cardiovascular disease in populations at risk.
Temporal Derangement and Historical Entanglement in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Alice Doane's Appeal
Authors: Karafilis Maria
Published: August 2020

This essay uses affect theory and temporality studies to examine “Alice Doane's Appeal” and Nathaniel Hawthorne's entanglement of time and history. Time is not composed of discrete, chronological moments, but constitutes an expanded present that encourages bodies to recognize their ethical obligations to feel as and with other bodies from ostensibly different moments.
A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae)
Authors: IRWIN MICHAEL E. , WINTERTON SHAUN L.
Published: August 2020

A new genus of Therevidae (Dasythereva gen. n.) is described from Argentina and Chile and comprises two distinctive new species (Dasythereva penai sp. n., D. patagonia sp. n.) from sandy habitats. A key to genera of Neotropical Therevinae is included to accommodate the inclusion of this new genus.
Description of the first zoeal stage of Synalpheus apioceros Coutière, 1909 (Caridea: Alpheidae), including a comparative analysis with larval morphology from the genus Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888
Authors: SANTOS RAFAEL C. , PESCINELLI RÉGIS A. , COSTA ROGERIO C.
Published: August 2020

Herein, the Zoea I of Synalpheus apioceros is described, followed by a comparative analysis of the first larval stage from Synalpheus. Larvae were obtained from two ovigerous females sampled in Ubatuba, São Paulo. The morphology of the Zoea I of S. apioceros was compared to five other Synalpheus species whose structures were previously described: S. biunguiculatus, S. minus, S. neomeris, S. pectiniger, and S. tumidomanus. A set of unique morphological characteristics was found for S. apioceros: exopod of antennule with 4 aesthetascs and 1 plumose seta; coxal endite of maxillule with 2 simple setae plus 2 plumose setae; basial endite of maxillule with 2 simple setae plus 2 short spines; endopod of maxillule with 1 plumose seta plus 2 simple setae; basial endite of maxilla bilobed with 2 (1 plumose and 1 simple) + 2 (1 plumose and 1 simple) setae; coxal endite of maxilla bilobed with 2 + 1 plumose setae; endopod of maxilla with 3 (1 plumose and 2 simple) terminal setae + 2 simple setae; endopod of first maxilliped unsegmented with 3 terminal simple setae; basis of first maxilliped with 5 spines; endopod of second maxilliped 5-segmented with 0, 0, 0, 1 plumodenticulate, 4 (1 serrate + 3 simple) setae; endopod of third maxilliped 5-segmented with 0, 0, 0, 1 simple, 3 simple setae; pereiopods 1st to 3rd birramous and 4th and 5th uniramous. S. apioceros shows higher morphological similarity with S. minus, followed by S. tumidomanus, S. neomeris and S. pectiniger, probably since these species present extended larval development. Besides the similar morphology among species, the unique attributes presented here are important for the genus’ taxonomy, being fundamental for identifying the first larval stages of Synalpheus, as well as for subsidizing information for species identification keys.
Changes in Soil Moisture Persistence in China over the Past 40 Years under a Warming Climate
Authors: Li Mingxing , Wu Peili , Ma Zhuguo , Lv Meixia , Yang Qing
Published: August 2020

Variability in soil moisture has implications for regional terrestrial environments under a warming climate. This paper focuses on the spatiotemporal variability in the intra-annual persistence of soil moisture in China using the fifth-generation reanalysis dataset by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for the period 1979–2018. The results show that in China, the mean intra-annual persistence in the humid to arid zones increased from 60 to 115 days in the lower layer but decreased from 19 to 13 days and from 25 to 14 days in the upper and root layers, respectively. However, these changes were strongly attenuated in extremely dry and wet regions due to the scarcity of soil moisture anomalies. Large changes in persistence occurred in the lower soil layer in dryland areas, with a mean difference of up to 40 days between the 2010s and the 1980s. Overall increasing trends dominated the large-scale spatial features, despite regional decreases in the eastern arid zone and the North and Northeast China plains. In the root layer, the two plains experienced an expanded decrease while on the Tibetan Plateau it was dominated by decadal variability. These contrasting changes between the lower and root layers along the periphery of the transition zone was a reflection of the enhanced soil hydrological cycle in the root layer. The enhanced persistence in drylands lower layer is an indication of the intensified impacts of soil moisture anomalies (e.g., droughts) on terrestrial water cycle. These findings may help the understanding of climate change impacts on terrestrial environments.
First Person: The pandemic’s silver lining: Real talk for future teachers
Authors: Hipp Jamie
Published: August 2020

When the COVID-19 pandemic closed her university campus, Jamie Hipp had to move her popular arts integration class for preservice teachers to a virtual format. She was surprised to learn that her students wanted more than regular sessions during their scheduled class times; they wanted additional opportunities for “real teacher talk” about going on interviews, setting up a classroom, and other practical matters that weren’t being covered in their preservice program. Hipp set up a series of virtual sessions on topics of interest to students, in addition to regular class sessions. The sessions went so well that Hipp intends to continue having them, even after the pandemic is over and her campus reopens.
Lucky Events and the Need for Uniqueness
Authors: Wang Li-Huei , Guo Zhaoyang , Ke Xue
Published: August 2020

This study shows that people are likely to consider themselves special after experiencing lucky events, which increases the motivation for self-enhancement, consequently prompting them to deviate from majority-endorsed options and express a need for uniqueness. Prior luck-related research has primarily explored the effects of perceived luck on superstition or the illusion of control. The present study explored whether incidental luck affects consumers’ motivation to conform or stand out, specifically people’s tendency to diverge from others by choosing minority-endorsed options. The results from three experiments supported the proposed hypotheses in this study. Experiment 1 revealed that a lucky event arouses people’s need for uniqueness. Experiment 2 demonstrated that when people experience a lucky event and perceive that luck favors them after making a downward comparison, they consider themselves special and prefer minority-endorsed options. Experiment 3 revealed that self-enhancement is a mediator in the effect of lucky events on the need for uniqueness-seeking behavior. The findings of this research not only provide additional insight into the behavioral consequences of lucky events but also extend the understanding of uniqueness-seeking behavior.
Comparison of Bioabsorbable Steroid-Eluting Sinus Stents Versus Nasopore After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Huang Zhenxiao , Zhou Bing , Wang Dehui , Zang Hongrui , Zhang Huankang , Wang Huan , Wang Shenqing , Cheng Lei , Li Jinrang , Wu Wenying , Zhou Huifang , Wu Huili
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of bioabsorbable steroid-eluting sinus stents versus absorbable Nasopore packs after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods:

One hundred eighty-one patients with CRS who underwent ESS were randomly assigned to receive a steroid-eluting sinus stent in one ethmoid sinus cavity, whereas the contralateral control side received a Nasopore pack. Endoscopic evaluations were performed 14, 30, and 90 days after the ESS. Postoperative intervention, polyp formation, adhesions, and middle turbinate (MT) position were assessed as efficacy outcomes.

Results:

The stents were successfully deployed in all 181 sinuses. Thirty days after the ESS, the stents significantly reduced the need for surgical intervention compared to the Nasopore ( P < .0001). The percentage of cases with polyp formation was significantly lower on the stent sides compared with the Nasopore sides ( P < .0001) at 14, 30, and 90 days after ESS. The percentage of severe adhesion was significantly lower on the stents sides than on the Nasopore sides at postoperative day 90 ( P = .0003), whereas they were not significantly lower at postoperative days 14 and 30. There were no significant differences between the stent sides and the Nasopore sides regarding the frequency of MT lateralization at all end points. No device-related adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrated significant improvement in the early postoperative outcomes by reducing the need for postoperative surgical intervention and polyp formation using steroid-eluting stents when compared with absorbable Nasopore packs. The steroid-eluting sinus stents and the Nasopore packs were each effective in preserving the ethmoid sinus patency and in preventing MT lateralization. A further prospective cohort study with long-term postoperative outcomes is warranted.
Protection of the environment
Authors: Copplestone D. , Hirth G.A. , Cresswell T. , Johansen M.P.
Published: August 2020

The International Commission on Radiological Protection’s (ICRP) system to protect the living components of the environment is designed to provide a broad and practical framework across different exposure situations. The framework recognises the need to be able to demonstrate an adequate level of protection in relation to planned exposure situations, whilst also providing an ability to manage existing and emergency situations in an appropriate way. In all three exposure situations, the release of radionuclides into the natural environment leads to exposures of non-human biota (wildlife), as well as having the potential for exposures of the public. How the key principles of the ICRP system of radiological protection apply in each of these exposure situations will be discussed. Using examples, we will demonstrate how the overall approach provides a mechanism for industry to assess and demonstrate compliance with the environmental protection objectives of relevant (national) legislation, and to meet stakeholder expectations that radiological protection of the environment is taken into consideration in accordance with international best practice. However, several challenges remain, and these will be discussed in the context of the need for additional guidance on the protection of the environment.
Prognostic Significance of Extranodal Extension in HPV‐Mediated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Benchetrit Liliya , Torabi Sina J. , Givi Babak , Haughey Bruce , Judson Benjamin L.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To determine the prognostic role of extranodal extension (ENE) among patients with human papilloma virus–positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of institutional studies.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed.

Review Methods

Two independent authors searched the databases on December 3, 2019, to identify studies of HPV+ OPSCC comparing prognostic outcomes stratified by ENE. The I2 statistic was used to determine study heterogeneity. Fixed and random effects models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.

Results

Eighteen observational studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 3603 patients with HPV+ OPSCC (1521 ENE+ and 2082 ENE–) with a median follow‐up of 49 months. The presence of pathologic ENE (pENE) and radiologic ENE (rENE) was associated with decreased overall survival (pENE HR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.15‐3.13], I2 = 35%; rENE HR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.46‐4.78], I2 = 75%) and distant recurrence (pENE HR, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.25‐8.33], I2 = 0%; rENE HR, 3.83 [95% CI, 1.88‐7.80], I2 = 0%). Neither pENE nor rENE was associated with locoregional recurrence (pENE HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.20‐2.84], I2 = 0%; rENE HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 0.86‐4.79], I2 = 0%). pENE was not associated with disease‐specific survival (pENE HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 0.84‐2.49], I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

pENE and rENE are moderately associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality and recurrence with distant metastasis in a cohort of patients with HPV+ OPSCC. These findings may be used to inform exclusion criteria for deintensification trials and assist in refined risk stratification.
Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun , Sibuyi Nicole Remaliah Samantha , Adewale Olusola Bolaji , Bakare Olalekan Olanrewaju , Akanbi Musa Oyebowale , Klein Ashwil , Madiehe Abram Madimabe , Meyer Mervin
Published: August 2020

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has resulted in over 20 million cases and 741,808 deaths globally, affecting more than 200 countries. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is limited information on COVID-19, and treatment has so far focused on supportive care and use of repurposed drugs. COVID-19 can be transmitted via person-to-person contact through droplet spread. Some of the recommended precautionary measures to reduce the rate of disease spread include social distancing, good hygiene practices, and avoidance of crowded areas. These measures are effective because the droplets are heavy and can only travel approximately 1 meter in the air, settling quickly on fixed surfaces. Promising strategies to combat SARS-CoV-2 include discovery of therapeutic targets/drugs and vaccines. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of COVID-19. We also address the mechanisms of action of approved repurposed drugs for therapeutic management of the disease.
Implementing a joint learning method (PBL and EBL) to innovate the development of mechanical engineering technical and non-technical skills
Authors: Sanchez-Gomez Carlos A
Published: August 2020

In engineering education, traditional teaching practices continue to be replaced by inquiry-based learning methods such as problem-based learning, which is now a ubiquitous practice in engineering schools. However, adopting it as the sole learning method curtails the richness of the pedagogical practice. This research proposes a pedagogical innovation by using a joint learning method, example-based learning (EBL) and problem-based learning (PBL), to improve learning outcomes. Using a posttest-only quasi-experimental design, machining laboratory practices in mechanical engineering were designed to use EBL only (control group) in one academic semester and both PBL and EBL (quasi-experimental group) the next academic semester. To account for the difference in cohorts, the difference-in-differences method was used to determine the impact of the addition of PBL. Students provided qualitative data to ascertain their perceptions using the joint method. The addition of the PBL method to the EBL method has a positive but statistically insignificant impact on posttest scores. PBL fosters the acquisition of non-technical skills such as communication, coordination, and teamwork, even when such skills are not taught. The combination of PBL and EBL works in synergy and fosters the development of technical and non-technical skills in engineering educational practice.
Quand les difficultés du terrain sont ailleurs. Soubresauts d’un protocole de recherche sur la gauche révolutionnaire turque des années 1970
Authors: Cormier Paul
Published: August 2020

Cet article constitue un retour réflexif sur mon enquête de terrain doctorale sur les conséquences biographiques de l’engagement révolutionnaire au cours des années 1970 en Turquie et vise un double objectif : il souligne en premier lieu que les difficultés de l’enquête ne se situent pas toujours là où on les attend. Certaines inquiétudes liminaires se révèlent infondées tandis que d’autres complications plus difficiles à anticiper surgissent au cours de l’enquête et amènent à composer avec le projet initial. Dans un second temps, l’article revient sur les combinaisons méthodologiques nécessaires à l’investigation de l’objet de recherche quand les sources sont rares, fragmentaires et mettent en jeu la distance historique.
Ambulatory blood pressure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with markers of immune activation
Authors: Carranza-Leon Daniel A , Oeser Annette , Wu Qiong , Stein C Michael , Ormseth Michelle J , Chung Cecilia P
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures 24-hour blood pressure, night-time blood pressure, and impaired dipping of nocturnal blood pressure, parameters that better predict cardiovascular risk than standard office blood pressure measurements. Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by immune system hyperactivity, elevated cardiovascular risk and high prevalence of hypertension; however, little is known about ambulatory blood pressure in lupus patients and its relationship to immune activation. Methods: We studied 26 patients with lupus and 26 control subjects. We obtained ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure measurements and report plasma concentrations of 77 markers of immune activation using a multiplex immunoassay and assessed their association with blood pressure measurements. Results: Despite similar office blood pressure measurements in patients with lupus and controls, lupus patients had higher 24-hour systolic [median (interquartile range) 129 (113 – 140) vs. 116 (111 – 121) mmHg, p = 0.03] and diastolic blood pressure [80 (69 – 86) vs. 72 (64 – 75) mmHg, p = 0.006] as well as less nocturnal dipping [7.8% (5.1 – 14.2%) vs. 12.0% (8.1 20.0%)] p = 0.03], compared to controls. In patients with lupus, markers of the innate (monocyte chemotactic protein-3) and adaptive immune systems [CUB domain-containing protein-1 and Interleukin-15 receptor subunit-α,] were associated with nocturnal blood pressure measurements and attenuated nocturnal dipping. In conclusion, 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure was higher and nocturnal blood pressure dipping was attenuated in patients with lupus compared to control subjects. Conclusion: In patients with SLE, nocturnal blood pressure and attenuated nocturnal blood pressure dipping were significantly associated with several innate and adaptive immune system biomarkers.
Micromechanics-based damage model for liquid-assisted healing
Authors: Siroky Georg , Kraker Elke , Kieslinger Dietmar , Kozeschnik Ernst , Ecker Werner
Published: August 2020

This work presents a damage evolution framework including liquid-assisted healing. The model incorporates contributions from void size, void pressure, surface tension and liquid pressure. Experimental motivation for the damage-healing model is provided with in-situ melting experiments, where the evolution of the void distribution under monotonic tension is illustrated. The damage evolution is based on nucleation and growth of voids, which are modeled in a unified creep and plasticity framework. The proposed damage formulation introduces a void collective, which computes the void distribution in the material and allows to describe void collapse using the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The necessary conditions for healing are discussed with use of model results. Particularly, the role of external load during healing, the dependence on liquid viscosity and surface tension are investigated.
Recanalization-Like Neovascularization of Placental Intervillous Hematoma: First Two Reports
Authors: Zhou Fang , Marcus Alan
Published: August 2020

Placental intervillous hematomas have not previously been reported to undergo any sort of change, maturation, or healing. In this article, we present the first 2 case reports of recanalization-like neovascularization within placental hematomas: a 0.15 cm focus in an intervillous fibrin thrombus and a 0.2 cm focus in a subchorionic hematoma. Increased recognition and further studies are needed to gain a better understanding of this seemingly rare phenomenon and the factors that govern the lack of typical organization in placental hematomas. This might lead to a deeper knowledge of the repair process in general and shed light on how to control it in diseases caused by excessive repair.
Peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy: A novel entity
Authors: Montero Hernández Javier , Remolí Sargues Lidia , Monferrer Adsuara Clara , Castro Navarro Verónica , Navarro Palop Catalina , Cervera Taulet Enrique
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome is a new variant of pachychoroid disease recently described. It is important to establish the features and pathogenic mechanisms of this novel entity and its possible association with type 1 neovascularization. The aim of this study is to report a case of peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy, a novel entity of pachychoroid spectrum disease.

Case report:

A 51-year-old woman was referred to our macula service due to macular pigmentary changes in her right eye. On examination, best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 Snellen equivalent in both eyes. Funduscopy revealed pigmentary changes in the papillonasal bundle in her right eye with mottled autofluorescence in the same area where pigmentary changes. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography illustrated a shallow irregular pigment epithelium detachment (PED) which appears as “double layer sign” overlying pachyvessels, with hyper-flow signal beneath it and a large network of neovascularization revealed by cross-sectional optical coherence tomography angiography. Indocyanine green angiography confirmed the pachyvessels and choroidal hyper-permeability in the peripapillary region. A diagnosis of peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy was made and good visual and anatomical outcomes were achieved with a treat-and-extend regimen with intravitreal aflibercept.

Conclusion:

We report a novel entity within the pachychoroid spectrum disease, the peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy, which could improve our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of choroidal neovascularization in pachychoroid disorders.
Seroprevalence of Anti–Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mulugeta Senait , Munshea Abaineh , Nibret Endalkachew
Published: August 2020

Background:

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a zoonotic disease called toxoplasmosis. If the infection acquired during pregnancy is not detected and treated early, the parasite can be transmitted transplacentally to the fetus, resulting in congenital toxoplasmosis, which likely leads to serious consequences in the fetus. Toxoplasmosis constitutes a major public health problem particularly in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and to assess the potential risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, data on the sociodemographic and potential obstetric and behavioral risk factors were gathered through pretested structured questionnaires, and 3 mL of venous blood was also drawn from each of randomly selected 233 study subjects. The serum samples were separated from the blood samples and tested for anti- Toxoplasma antibody using Toxo-latex slide agglutination test. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between risk factors considered and T gondii infection.

Results:

The overall prevalence of T gondii infection was 67.8%, indicating a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the study area. In multivariate analysis, keeping domestic cat at home was found to be the only explanatory variable of toxoplasmosis (adjusted odds ratio = 2.449, 95% confidence interval = 1.183-5.070, P = .016). All sociodemographic variables and most of the potential obstetric and behavioral risk factors were not statistically significant explanatory variables of T gondii infection.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of toxoplasmosis is high in the study area. Thus, pregnant women should be aware of the potential risk of the disease when keeping cats at home and management of their litter. Inclusion of serologic screening for T gondii infection at antenatal care is warranted for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis.
The impact of COVID-19 on cultural tourism: art, culture and communication in four regional sites of Queensland, Australia
Authors: Flew Terry , Kirkwood Katherine
Published: August 2020

The arts, cultural and creative industries are among the most adversely affected sectors of the economy in the wake of COVID-19 social distancing measures, travel restrictions and prohibition of large gatherings of people. Focusing on Cairns, the Gold Coast, Central West and the Sunshine Coast – four regional areas of Queensland, Australia – this article provides an overview of impacts on cultural tourism and considers the prospects for regional cultural tourism as part of a ‘creative economy’ revival.
Interventions to suppress the coronavirus pandemic will increase unemployment and lead to many premature deaths
Authors: Rosén Måns , Stenbeck Magnus
Published: August 2020

Background and aims:

Interventions to suppress the coronavirus pandemic have led to economic recession and higher unemployment, which will increase mortality and decrease quality of life. The aim of this article is to estimate the consequences on mortality and life expectancy of increased unemployment rates due to the coronavirus pandemic in Sweden and other countries.

Methods:

Based on recent increases and expected future unemployment rates due to the coronavirus pandemic, results from a systematic review and data from vital statistics in Sweden, the number of premature deaths due to unemployment in Sweden have been estimated.

Results:

Based on our assumptions, the calculations show that if the number of unemployed persons in Sweden increases by 100,000, one may expect some 1800 more premature deaths during the following 9 years. If the duration of the recession is limited to 4 years, excess deaths due to unemployment may be around 800. On average, the unemployed will lose 2 years of their remaining life expectancy. In many other countries unemployment rates have or are estimated to rise more than in Sweden, sometimes two- or threefold, suggesting hundreds of thousands of excess deaths due to unemployment.

Conclusions:

Interventions to suppress the coronavirus pandemic include the shut-down of economic activities and lead to increased all-cause mortality. These public health effects must be considered in the decision-making process and should be added to overall estimates of the effects of the pandemic on public health.
Determinants of obstructed labor among women attending intrapartum care in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia: A hospital-based unmatched case–control study
Authors: Dile Mulugeta , Demelash Habtamu , Meseret Lealem , Abebe Fantu , Adefris Mulat , Goshu Yitayal Ayalew , Ayele Amare Simegn , Liyeh Tewachew Muche
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

maternal and neonatal mortality in Ethiopia is a major reproductive health problem. Obstructed labor is one of the leading causes of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity in developing countries. The evidence regarding its determinants at the tertiary level of care is sparse. Therefore, this study aimed to study the determinants of obstructed labor among women attending intrapartum care in Amhara region referral hospitals.

Methods:

A Hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from March 1stto August 30, 2017. Cases were women whose labor was obstructed (n = 270), and controls were women whose labor was not obstructed (n = 540). Both cases and controls were selected randomly, and a proportional to size allocation was made to the referral hospitals selected for the study. A binary and a multivariable logistic regression model was computed to identify the determinant factors at 95% CI.

Results:

The mean age of the study participants was 27.66 years (27.4 ± 5.44 for cases and 28.15 ± 6.16 for controls), ranging between 16 and 45 years. Relatively, higher proportions of cases than controls were unable to read and write (58.5%) and were urban residents (53.7%). Distance from hospital, distance from health center, mothers inability to read and write, mothers primary level of education, more than 28 weeks of gestation at the first visit of antenatal care, 37 to 42 weeks at admission, above 42 weeks at admission, women of a merchant spouse, and history of pregnancy-related complications were the positive determinants of obstructed labor. However, mothers whose gestational age was 16 to 28 weeks at the first antenatal care visit were 62% less likely to be exposed to obstructed labor.

Conclusions:

Obstetric, service-related, and system factors were predictors of obstructed labor. Improving women’s literacy status, health service access, and utilization will help reduce obstructed labor.
Influence of age and sex on drop jump landing strategies in élite youth soccer players
Authors: Lucarno Simona , Zago Matteo , Rossi Emanuele , Muratore Simone , Baroncini Giulia , Alberti Giampietro , Gualtieri Domenico
Published: August 2020

The vertical drop jump (VDJ) test evaluates frontal-plane knee control in a controlled environment. Age- and sex-related changes in landing and bouncing mechanisms in youth soccer players are still under investigated. This study characterizes knee biomechanics in a large cohort of élite academy players, stratified by sex and age group. A sample of 189 young soccer players (132 male U10-U12 and U14-U17, 57 females U10-U14) from the Academy of a professional “Serie A” Italian club were tested. Motion capture technology was used to obtain sagittal and frontal plane knee angles, as well as VDJ landing asymmetry and peak vertical ground reaction forces at push-off. Landing kinetics and kinematics changed as a function of age and sex in youth élite soccer players: (i) males and females showed different landing load asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant leg, peak push-off force and knee flexion even before puberty, (ii) landing asymmetry tended to reduce in older players and (iii) knee varus increased in males after adolescence. In conclusion, besides its role in injury prevention, the VDJ can help in monitoring players’ growth and development, and this process should start at an early age. This data collection could be used as a tool for further screening test to highlight anomalous landing behaviour.
Adult intensive care unit admissions with severe COVID-19 infection following emergency Caesarean section deliveries: A case series
Authors: Morton Sarah , Lamont Holly , Silvey Natalie , Browning Thomas , Hayes Michelle , Keays Richard , Christie Linsey , Davies Roger , Singh Suveer , Lockie Chris , Sisson Alice , Vizcaychipi Marcela ,   on behalf of the Chelwest COVID-19 AICU Consortium
Published: August 2020

Background

UK data suggest 6% of COVID-19 hospital admissions are either currently pregnant or immediately post-partum. However, the current literature suggests that if COVID-19 occurs in pregnancy, or post-partum, symptoms are mostly mild.

Methods

All COVID-19 admissions to one acute London National Health Service Foundation trust were reviewed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to 1 May 2020 to establish whether there were any pregnant or immediately post-partum admissions. Data were extracted from hospital electronic records and anonymised. Any patients admitted to adult intensive care unit had their case notes reviewed in detail and comparison made to a local risk-assessment guideline identifying patients at-risk of thromboembolic events or cytokine storms. Local hospital guidelines were followed. Patients admitted to adult intensive care unit gave written consent.

Results

A total of 24 pregnant or immediately post-partum patients with COVID-19 were admitted. Three patients required long adult intensive care unit admissions for severe single-organ respiratory failure after emergency C-sections. Two of these patients required proning (three times and eight times, respectively). All were considered medium risk for thromboembolic events but had rising D-dimers following adult intensive care unit admission, resulting in increased dosing of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis throughout their admission. All were considered low risk for a cytokine storm, and none had any significant cardiovascular or renal involvement. One patient developed a super-imposed fungal lung infection. All three patients developed delirium following cessation of sedation.

Conclusion

Pregnant or immediately post-partum women can develop severe COVID-19 symptoms requiring prolonged adult intensive care unit admission. It is likely to be single-organ failure, but patients are at a high risk of a thromboembolic event and delirium.
Use of a do-it-yourself artificial pancreas system is associated with better glucose management and higher quality of life among adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wu Zekai , Luo Sihui , Zheng Xueying , Bi Yan , Xu Wen , Yan Jinhua , Yang Daizhi , Weng Jianping
Published: August 2020

Background:

Previous studies show that the use of do-it-yourself artificial pancreas system (DIYAPS) may be associated with better glycemic control characterized by improved estimated hemoglobin A1c (eHbA1c) and time in range among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, few studies have demonstrated the changes in laboratory-measured HbA1c, which is a more accepted index for glycemic control, after using a DIYAPS.

Methods:

This is a retrospective before-after study approaching patients who reported self-use of AndroidAPS. The main inclusion criteria included: T1D; aged ⩾18 years; having complete record of ⩾3 months of continuous AndroidAPS use; with laboratory-measured HbA1c and quality of life scale data before and after 3 months of AndroidAPS use; and not pregnant. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c between baseline and 3 months after initiation of AndroidAPS use.

Results:

Overall, 15 patients (10 females) were included; the median age was 32.2 years (range: 19.2–69.4), median diabetes duration was 9.7 years (range: 1.8–23.7) and median baseline HbA1c was 7.3% (range: 6.4–10.1). The 3 months of AndroidAPS use was associated with substantial reductions in HbA1c [6.79% (SD: 1.29) versus 7.63% (SD: 1.06), p = 0.002] and glycemic variability when compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy. A lower level of fear of hypoglycemia [22.13 points (SD: 6.87) versus 26.27 points (SD: 5.82), p = 0.010] was also observed after using AndroidAPS.

Conclusions:

The 3 months of AndroidAPS use was associated with significant improvements in glucose management and quality of life among adults with T1D.