bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap between the evolutionary dynamics and the molecular mechanisms of meiosis: A model based exploration of the PRDM9 intra-genomic Red Queen
Authors: Genestier Alice , Duret Laurent , Lartillot Nicolas
Published: May 2024

Molecular dissection of meiotic recombination in mammals, combined with population-genetic and comparative studies, have revealed a complex evolutionary dynamic characterized by short-lived recombination hotspots. Hotspots are chromosome positions containing DNA sequences where the protein PRDM9 can bind and cause crossing-over. To explain these fast evolutionary dynamic, a so-called intra-genomic Red Queen model has been proposed, based on the interplay between two antagonistic forces: biased gene conversion, mediated by double-strand breaks, resulting in hotspot extinction (the hotspot conversion paradox), followed by positive selection favoring mutant PRDM9 alleles recognizing new sequence motifs. Although this model predicts many empirical observations, the exact causes of the positive selection acting on new PRDM9 alleles is still not well understood. In this direction, experiment on mouse hybrids have suggested that, in addition to targeting double strand breaks, PRDM9 has another role during meiosis. Specifically, PRDM9 symmetric binding (simultaneous binding at the same site on both homologues) would facilitate homology search and, as a result, the pairing of the homologues. Although discovered in hybrids, this second function of PRDM9 could also be involved in the evolutionary dynamic observed within populations. To address this point, here, we present a theoretical model of the evolutionary dynamic of meiotic recombination integrating current knowledge about the molecular function of PRDM9. Our modeling work gives important insights into the selective forces driving the turnover of recombination hotspots. Specifically, the reduced symmetrical binding of PRDM9 caused by the loss of high affinity binding sites induces a net positive selection eliciting new PRDM9 alleles recognizing new targets. The model also offers new insights about the influence of the gene dosage of PRDM9, which can paradoxically result in negative selection on new PRDM9 alleles entering the population, driving their eviction and thus reducing standing variation at this locus.
Queuosine biosynthetic enzyme, QueE moonlights as a cell division regulator
Authors: Adeleye Samuel A. , Yadavalli Srujana S.
Published: May 2024

In many organisms, stress responses to adverse environments can trigger secondary functions of certain proteins by altering protein levels, localization, activity, or interaction partners. Escherichia coli cells respond to the presence of specific cationic antimicrobial peptides by strongly activating the PhoQ/PhoP two-component signaling system, which regulates genes important for growth under this stress. As part of this pathway, a biosynthetic enzyme called QueE, which catalyzes a step in the formation of queuosine (Q) tRNA modification is upregulated. When cellular QueE levels are high, it co-localizes with the central cell division protein FtsZ at the septal site, blocking division and resulting in filamentous growth. Here we show that QueE affects cell size in a dose-dependent manner. Using alanine scanning mutagenesis of amino acids in the catalytic active site, we pinpoint residues in QueE that contribute distinctly to each of its functions–Q biosynthesis or regulation of cell division, establishing QueE as a moonlighting protein. We further show that QueE orthologs from enterobacteria like Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae also cause filamentation in these organisms, but the more distant counterparts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis lack this ability. By comparative analysis of E. coli QueE with distant orthologs, we elucidate a unique region in this protein that is responsible for QueE’s secondary function as a cell division regulator. A dual-function protein like QueE is an exception to the conventional model of “one gene, one enzyme, one function”, which has divergent roles across a range of fundamental cellular processes including RNA modification and translation to cell division and stress response.
Combining species distribution models and big datasets may provide finer assessments of snakebite impacts
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Abdul Wahed , Müller Johannes , Ghose Aniruddha , Amin Robed , Sayeed Abdullah Abu , Kuch Ulrich , Faiz Mohammad Abul
Published: May 2024

Background

Snakebite is a major poverty-related neglected tropical disease. An integrated scientific approach is needed to understand the dynamics of this important health issue. Our objective was to estimate snakebite occurrence in a tropical area by using a blend of ecological modelling and robust statistical analysis.

Methods

The present study used climatic, environmental, and human population density data to determine the area with snakebite occurrence-probability for the first time in Bangladesh. We also analysed a large, 16-year dataset of hospitalized snakebite cases to reveal the epidemiology of snakebite in the south-eastern zone of the country.

Findings

Our results show that cobra bite is the most commonly occurring venomous snakebite in humans (around ~12% of the total yearly snakebite records), and men are more frequently bitten than women (2/3 of human victims are men). Most bites occur during the rainy season for cobra and green pit viper, while krait bites are not restricted to any particular season. As snakebite incidents are closely related to climate conditions, we can model snakebite risk using temperature and precipitation variables. Whereas there is a lack of snakebite reports from several parts of the study area in official records, our models predict that the entire study area is favourable for snakebite incidents. Based on the combined evidence we estimate that about 200,000 snakebite events occur every year in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh alone. Considering future global climate change, our model projections show that snakebite incidence in Bangladesh might not significantly decrease in the future (- 2070-); however, the distribution of probabilities might change, with a predicted increase of snakebite incidence in the hilly areas of the country.

Conclusions

Using climatic data to predict snakebite incidence in Bangladesh allowed us to provide estimations of the total annual number of snakebite cases in the study area. As in most countries, the scarcity of accurate epidemiological data in official records might have masked the real magnitude of this problem. Our analysis suggests that the problem of snakebite envenoming in Bangladesh might be worse than currently perceived. A long-term sustainable snakebite program plan should be designed and institutionalized, considering climatic, geographical and human demographic variables, to obtain better data and facilitate the implementation of accurate snakebite management programs for this country.
Environmental regulation, industrial structure and energy efficiency: Evidence from 30 provinces in China
Authors: Zhu Haicheng , Cai Penghui , Fang Hao , Zhu Zhengyu , Li Yao , Zhu Ruoqing
Published: May 2024

The government’s environmental protection policy can significantly contribute to alleviating resource shortages and curbing environmental pollution, but the impact of various policy instruments implemented by the government on energy efficiency is unclear. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2021, this paper analyses the impact of environmental regulation and the industrial structure on energy efficiency from the perspective of resource taxes. The U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and energy efficiency and between the optimization of industrial structure can significantly improve energy efficiency, and the optimization of industrial structure is conducive to weakening the initial inhibitory effect of environmental regulation. In addition, the analysis of regional heterogeneity showed that the impact of environmental regulation was stronger in the central and western regions, while the impact of industrial structure was stronger in the eastern and western regions. The conclusions of this study can help to expand the understanding of the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial structure on energy efficiency, provide policy enlightenment for the realization of green development and high-quality development, and provide Chinese examples and experiences for developing countries to improve energy efficiency.
Epidemiology of an overlapping and parallel infection of Sexually Transmitted Infections among pregnant women in North-east Ethiopia: Its implication for prevention of mother to child transmission
Authors: Gedefie Alemu , Debash Habtu , Asmamaw Shambel , Getaneh Fekadesilassie Belege , Alemayehu Ermiyas , Molla Asressie , Kassaw Altaseb Beyene , Kebede Berhanu
Published: May 2024

Background

The burden of parallel and overlapping infections of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), particularly HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are disproportionately higher among pregnant women globally, leading to unwanted consequences. These infections pose significant public health challenges as they can be transmitted vertically to the offspring. This study aimed to determine the sero-epidemiological patterns and predictors of STIs (HIV, syphilis, HBV, and HCV) among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics at ten health facilities in North-eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2022 among 422 pregnant women selected using simple random sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics and predictor variables of STIs through face-to-face interviews. Venous blood was collected and it was tested for anti-HIV, HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-Treponemal antibodies using immunochromatographic test kits. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors of STIs. Variables with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The overall prevalence of STIs was 23.9% (95% CI = 20.08–28.25). The prevalence of parallel infections of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis were 6.4%, 9%, 1.7%, and 6.9%, respectively. The overlapping infections for HIV-HBV was 4% but HIV-HCV overlapping infection wasn’t found. Increased age, tattooing, multiple sexual partners, exposure to unsafe sex, and RH status were independent factors of HBV. Likewise, increased age, rural residence, illiteracy, and tattooing were independently associated with HCV. Moreover, rural residence and a history of tattooing were independent predictors for the acquisition of HIV, whereas multiple sexual partners and RH status were found to be significant predictors of syphilis infection among pregnant women.

Conclusion

The magnitude of overlapping and parallel STD infections is still continued to be a problem among pregnant women. Moreover, there were overlapping infections of HBV-HIV. Therefore, continuous screening of pregnant women for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, and C infections should be performed, and special attention should be given to pregnant women who have co-infections.
Tourism cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative from economic and spatial insights
Authors: Yin Jie , Ni Yensen , Fan Yangchu
Published: May 2024

This study examines the potential benefits of cooperation among Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries in achieving common goals within the international tourism cooperation network. Despite its significance, limited research has been conducted on this topic in terms of economic and spatial insights. To address this gap, we utilized the gravity model, social network, and quadratic regression. The revealed findings suggest that while the intermediary function among BRI countries is declining, the tourism cooperation network is gradually strengthening. Furthermore, reducing the gap between the governance and consumption levels of BRI countries can improve the network. The study offers new insights into the BRI tourism cooperation network, which could be critical for the future growth of regional tourism.
Consolidation and seepage solutions in enclosure space based on non-zero-constant values boundary
Authors: Chen Liangjin , Gao Zi-kun , Chen Feixin
Published: May 2024

Research is ongoing to find solutions to the problem of Consolidation and seepage in saturated clay in enclosure space. Firstly, the boundary of non-zero-constant values is established, considering the seepage boundary of the clay is affected by pumping water or lowering boundary pressure on the site. Secondly, the differential equation is established to reflect the spatial and temporal variations of excess pore water pressure dissipation in the clay in enclosure space, and the solution is derived using variable separation methods. Finally, based on results of the solution derived, contour maps of the water pressure are drawn corresponding with the different inhomogeneous boundary conditions.
Method for quantifying the Pasteurella multocida antigen adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide adjuvant in swine atrophic rhinitis vaccine
Authors: Yoshimura Masaya , Honda Youko , Yonemitsu Emi , Kuraoka Kasumi , Suenaga Kiyotaka
Published: May 2024

Swine atrophic rhinitis is a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica that affects pigs. Inactivated vaccines containing the toxins produced by Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica have been widely used for the prevention of swine atrophic rhinitis. The efficacy of a vaccine is correlated with the amount of antigen present; however, the protective toxin of P. multocida bound to aluminum hydroxide, which is used as an adjuvant, can hinder the monitoring of the antigen concentration in the vaccine. This study assessed the applicability of a dot immunoassay as an antigen quantification method using monoclonal antibodies. This quantification method was able to detect the antigen with high specificity and sensitivity even when the antigen was bound to the adjuvant, and its application to vaccine products revealed a correlation between the amount of antigen present in the vaccine and the neutralizing antibody titers induced in pigs. The antigen quantification method presented in this study is a simple and sensitive assay capable of quantifying the amount of antigen present in a vaccine that can be used as an alternative quality control measure.
A novel fusion of genetic grey wolf optimization and kernel extreme learning machines for precise diabetic eye disease classification
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadir , Sun Guangmin , Khalid Majdi , Imran Azhar , Bilal Anas , Azam Muhammad , Sarwar Raheem
Published: May 2024

In response to the growing number of diabetes cases worldwide, Our study addresses the escalating issue of diabetic eye disease (DED), a significant contributor to vision loss globally, through a pioneering approach. We propose a novel integration of a Genetic Grey Wolf Optimization (G-GWO) algorithm with a Fully Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network (FCEDN), further enhanced by a Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) for refined image segmentation and disease classification. This innovative combination leverages the genetic algorithm and grey wolf optimization to boost the FCEDN’s efficiency, enabling precise detection of DED stages and differentiation among disease types. Tested across diverse datasets, including IDRiD, DR-HAGIS, and ODIR, our model showcased superior performance, achieving classification accuracies between 98.5% to 98.8%, surpassing existing methods. This advancement sets a new standard in DED detection and offers significant potential for automating fundus image analysis, reducing reliance on manual examination, and improving patient care efficiency. Our findings are crucial to enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in DED management.
Seroepidemiology of pertussis in Huzhou: A population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Chao , Wang Yuda , Luo Xiaofu , Liu Guangtao , Zhang Zizhe , Shen Jianyong
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The resurgence of pertussis has occurred around the world. However, the epidemiological profiles of pertussis cannot be well understood by current diseases surveillance. This study was designed to understand the seroepidemiological characteristics of pertussis infection in the general population of Huzhou City, evaluate the prevalence infection of pertussis in the population, and offer insights to inform adjustments in pertussis prevention and control strategies.

Methods

From September to October 2023, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in Huzhou City, involving 1015 permanent residents. Serum samples were collected from the study subjects, and pertussis toxin IgG antibodies (Anti-PT-IgG) were quantitatively measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The analysis included the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of Anti-PT-IgG, rates of GMC≥40IU/mL, ≥100IU/mL, and <5IU/mL. Stratified comparisons were made based on age, vaccination history, and human categories.

Results

Among the 1015 surveyed individuals, the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of Anti-PT-IgG was 10.52 (95% CI: 9.96–11.11) IU/mL, with a recent infection rate of 1.58%, a serum positivity rate of 11.43%, and a proportion with <5IU/mL of 40.49%. Among 357 children with clear vaccination history, susceptibility decreased with an increasing number of vaccine doses (Z = -6.793, P < 0.001). The concentration of Anti-PT-IgG exhibited a significant post-vaccination decline over time (Z = -5.143, P < 0.001). In women of childbearing age, the GMC of Anti-PT-IgG was 7.71 (95% CI: 6.90–8.62) IU/mL, with no significant difference in susceptibility among different age groups (χ2 = 0.545, P = 0.909). The annual pertussis infection rate in individuals aged ≥3 years was 9321 (95%CI: 3336–16039) per 100,000, with peak infection rates in the 20–29, 40–49, and 5–9 age groups at 34363 (95%CI: 6327–66918) per 100,000, 22307.72 (95%CI: 1380–47442) per 100,000, and 18020(95%CI: 1093–37266) per 100,000, respectively.

Conclusions

In 2023, the actual pertussis infection rate in the population of Huzhou City was relatively high. Vaccine-induced antibodies exhibit a rapid decay, and the estimated serum infection rate increases rapidly from post-school age, peaking in the 20–29 age group. It is recommended to enhance pertussis monitoring in adolescents and adults and refine vaccine immunization strategies.
Barriers and facilitators to community acceptability of integrating point-of-care testing to screen for sickle cell disease in children in primary healthcare settings in rural Upper East Region of Northern Ghana
Authors: Chatio Samuel T. , Duah Enyonam , Ababio Lucy O. , Lister Nicola , Egbujo Olufolake , Marfo Kwaku , Aborigo Raymond , Ansah Patrick , Odame Isaac
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a public health problem especially in sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana. While pilot initiatives in Africa have demonstrated that neonatal screening coupled with early intervention reduces SCD-related morbidity and mortality, only 50–70% of screen-positive babies have been successfully retrieved to benefit from these interventions. Point-of-care testing (POCT) with high specificity and sensitivity for SCD screening can be integrated into existing immunization programs in Africa to improve retrieval rates. This study explored community acceptability of integrating POCT to screen for SCD in children under 5 years of age in primary healthcare facilities in Northern Ghana.

Method

This was an exploratory study using qualitative research approach where 10 focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews were conducted with community members and health workers between April and June 2022. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim after repeatedly listening to the recordings. Data was coded into themes using QSR Nvivo 12 software before thematic analysis.

Results

Most participants (70.9%) described SCD as serious and potentially life-threatening condition affecting children in the area. Of 148 community members and health workers, 141 (95.2%) said the screening exercise could facilitate diagnosis of SCD in children for early management. However, discrimination, fear of being tested positive, stigmatization, negative health worker attitude linked with issues of maintaining confidentiality were reported by participants as key factors that could affect uptake of the SCD screening exercise. Most participants suggested that intensive health education (78.3%), positive attitude of health workers (69.5%), and screening health workers not being biased (58.8%) could promote community acceptability.

Conclusion

A large majority of participants viewed screening of SCD in children as very important. However, opinions expressed by most participants suggest that health education and professionalism of health workers in keeping patients’ information confidential could improve the uptake of the exercise.
Citizen journalism in Africa: A systematic literature review
Authors: Danso Samuel , Fosu Modestus , Ntem Martin Thompson Kwadzo
Published: May 2024

Over the past few years, there has been a significant change in how news is reported and shared due to technological advancements and the popularity of social media platforms. This shift has enabled citizen journalism, which has strongly influenced media systems and public discourses. The purpose of this study is to discover the main themes, research paradigms and trends regarding citizen journalism in Africa. Data was drawn from Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, Sage Publication and Emerald Insight databases. The researchers applied a systematic literature review method to the dataset, and after applying the protocol and the analysis model, a corpus of 27 articles was obtained in June 2023, covering a decade from 2013. The findings indicate that ethics in journalism, bureaucracy in journalistic reporting, objectivity in news reporting, professionalism in citizen journalism and social media are the main themes in citizen journalism discussed in the selected articles over the research period. The predominant research paradigm of the reviewed articles is qualitative. The review exposes various unexplored areas of citizen journalism in Africa and recommends further studies in the field.
The invention of Romanal: Re-evaluating the Reputation of an Esperanto Hero
Authors: Owen Tim
Published: May 2024

Alfred Michaux’s is a name known to members of the Esperanto Movement who are knowledgeable about its glorious early days. Among the most prominent of the pioneers, he was a friend of the language’s creator, and the person who set up the first international congress, an annual tradition which only the two World Wars and the coronavirus pandemic have interrupted. What is generally not known about Michaux is that he ceased his activity for Esperanto within a few years, creating his own planned language, Romanal. Nor is his name associated with a damaging schism within the Esperanto Movement, the Ido Crisis, as it should be.
“Chatty listeners” Listener feedback on language cultivation in Hungarian radio
Authors: Blankó Miklós , Gyenes Gábor
Published: May 2024

Language cultivation is an integral part of Hungarian culture, the diversity and complexity of which cannot be compared to that of other countries. Kossuth Radio's programme Édes anyanyelvünk ‘Our Sweet Mother Tongue’ is an important forum for Hungarian language cultivation. Letters sent to the editors from the listeners comprise an instructive document of lay linguistics. In this pilot study, we processed three months' worth of letters, looking for answers to questions about who, what and how they ask, while also examining attitudes towards the mother tongue.
Nyelvében él a kor
Authors: Koutny Ilona
Published: May 2024

The vocabulary of a language is constantly evolving, with new elements appearing and others passing out of usage, so it can reveal a lot about the time period in which it is studied as well as the worldview of its users. Through a study of Hungarian language usage, including words and expressions, some of the characteristics of the socialist era, the period after the regime change and of recent years can be illuminated. A comparison of them as well, as a comparison between an Internet survey of 10 years ago and a more recent one shows the changes in political, social, economic and cultural life, the multiplication of problems and the gloomy mood in Hungary.
Tavaszi képek Ady két versében
Authors: Nagy Julianna
Published: May 2024

Jelen tanulmány a funkcionális kognitív szemantika és poétika alapján (Stockwell 2002; Simon 2016) vizsgálja a lírai én reprezentációját Ady Endre költészetében. A tanulmány a személyjelölésre fókuszál elsősorban, annak nyelvi és poétikai környezetének alakulására és a természeti képekkel való relációjára.
A tanulmány célja, hogy a természeti képek közül az évszakok (azon belül is a tavasz) nyelvi reprezentációját és a lírai én viszonyának kapcsolatát értelmezze. Az írás a következő szempontok alapján épül fel: 1. a lírai én megközelítési módjai a lírai diskurzusra és annak résztvevőire összpontosítva, 2. természeti képek értelmezése, 3. végül pedig Ady Endre választott verseinek elemzése.
Report on the conference Hungarian Studies in Poland
Authors: Koutny Ilona
Published: May 2024

Report on the conference Hungarian Studies in Poland. Poznań 17-18.11.2023.
Comparative study on physical properties of bio-based PA56 fibers and wearability of their fabrics
Authors: Zhao Kongwei , Cao Shengbin , Xu Guangbiao
Published: May 2024

Bio-based polyamide 56 (PA56) has significant advantages in reducing oil dependence and reducing carbon emissions. This study compared the physical properties of bio-based PA56 and conventional polyamide 66 (PA66) fibers and their fabrics. The results showed that due to the odd arrangement structure of carbon atoms in PA56 fiber molecules, its crystallinity and orientation were lower than those of PA66. At the same time, PA56 had a higher degradation rate and coloring rate due to its smaller crystallinity and higher moisture content and gave PA56 fabrics better instantaneous cooling and moisture absorption and drying properties. In addition, the molecular structure characteristics of PA56 also lead to a lower stiffness and soft feel of the fabric, which is beneficial for improving the curling phenomenon of the fabric. Overall, bio-based PA56 fibers can meet the applications in the textile and clothing field and can largely replace PA66, which is worthy of further research and utilization.
The cultural semiotics of Jingshen and cognitive homeostasis
Authors: Yu Hongbing
Published: May 2024

Sonesson’s vision of the diversity of meaning-generation coincides well with the purview of the cultural semiotics of Jingshen, in which semiotic inquiry is envisioned to improve mental capacity, the expansion of mental/cognitive space, and ultimately the liberation of human thinking. When embracing new epistemologies for cognitive semiotics, semiotic inquiry can work well as a form of art of thinking that has the potential to maintain “cognitive homeostasis”, the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium that can be maintained in the holistic flux of mind, vitality, and creativity. A plausible path to this equilibrium is through a balance between the left and right hemispheres, between analytical thinking and synthetic thinking. In this sense, what we are facing is essentially a problem of “ecology of cognition” or “ecological cognition”, that is, viewing cognition from an ecological perspective or considering cognition as a form of ecological activity. The focus of cognitive semiotics nowadays must transcend not only words or other external symbols, but even the traditional sense of “humanity” needs to be reconsidered.
Discourse analysis of knowledge-based live streaming: a case study of East Buy streamer Dong Yuhui
Authors: Song Yehui , Mo Junhua
Published: May 2024

Live streaming e-commerce is not only an important part of China’s digital economy but also the preferred way of purchase for many Chinese, especially the young. Since 2022, a new model initiated by East Buy has emerged, quickly becoming known as knowledge-based live streaming. The most famous streamer from this novel type of live streaming is Dong Yuhui, a former English teacher of the New Oriental School. As a top Internet influencer with millions of followers, Dong Yuhui has become a conspicuous social sign of the rising China that is undergoing fast technological, economic, and cultural changes. This study thus takes Dong Yuhui as an example to examine the typical discourses of the knowledge-based live streaming. Through a triangulation of case study, discourse analysis, and sentiment analysis, it finds that Dong Yuhui mainly employs the strategies of disseminating encyclopedic knowledge, telling intriguing stories, and using poetic language in his live streaming discourse. This unique discourse has the main function of fulfilling customers’ intellectual, emotional, and psychological needs. As such, it is warmly received by customers, whose comments are centered on the talents of the streamer rather than the attributes of the commodity.
UTILIZATION OF HAZELNUT SKIN AND HAZELNUT FLOUR IN GLUTEN-FREE CAKES: CORRELATION OF BATTER RHEOLOGY WITH CAKE QUALITY
Authors: Yazar Gamze
Published: May 2024

The effects of rice flour substitution with hazelnut skin (HS), hazelnut flour (HF), and HS-HF blend (1:1, w/w) at percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% (w/w) on gluten-free cake batters were studied from a rheological standpoint. Replacement with 5% HS increased Power-Law consistency index (K), reduced specific gravity and resulted in the highest cake volume. Increasing levels of HS gradually increased specific gravity, water activity, and reduced tan, leading to cakes with lower volume, darker (lower L*) color, harder texture. HF addition increased tan (at >5%) and specific gravity, producing cakes with lower volume, but similar color and texture to those of control. HS-HF blend improved cake color and hardness compared to HS added alone. Strong correlations were found between G() slope and cake volume (r=0.9939 for added HS, r=-0.9408 for added HF), the exponent a and cake volume (r=0.9447 for added HS, r=-0.8668 for added HF).
SULH CEZA HÂKİMLİKLERİ TARAFINDAN 5651 SAYILI KANUNUN 9. MADDESİ KAPSAMINDA VERİLEN KARARLARA ANAYASA MAHKEMESİNİN HAK İHLALİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: Çetinkaya Aytaç
Published: May 2024

İnternet ortamında yapılan yayın sebebiyle kişilik hakkı ihlal edilen gerçek ve tüzel kişiler ile kurum veya kuruluşlar içerik sağlayıcısına veya yer sağlayıcısına başvurmadan internet yayınını kaldırılmasını ve/veya erişimin engellenmesini doğrudan sulh ceza hakiminden talep edebilmektedir. Kişilik hakkı ihlalini önlemede internet yayınının kaldırılması ve içeriğin çıkarılması hızlı ve etkili bir çözüm yolu olsa da nihayetinde bir koruma tedbiridir. Kişilerin şeref ve itibarını ihlal eden içeriklerin ilk bakışta veya görünüşte haklılık varsa meşru olduğunu kabul ederek bu tedbirin verilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu tedbirin süresiz olması, çelişmeli yargı yoluna gidilmesinin zorunlu olmaması, temel hak hürriyetlerin kısıtlanmasında müdahalenin başvurulabilecek en son çare ve alınabilecek en hafif önlem olması gerekirken tüm sitenin veya içeriğin engellenmesi, çatışan haklar olan ifade ve basın özgürlüğü ile kişilerin şeref ve itibarının korunması arasında adil bir dengenin kurulaması demokratik toplum düzeni gerekliliği ve ölçülülük ilkelerine aykırılık teşkil etmekte bu sebeplerle de ifade ve basın hürriyetlerini ihlal eden bir durum olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction and physicochemical properties of starch from Cyperus esculentus tubers
Authors: Meng Fanhao , Tian Shuangqi , Wang Ya’nan , Lu Jing , Liu Zehua , Niu Yongwu
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to use ultrasound-based extraction to prepare starch from the tubers of Cyperus esculentus. Ultrasonic treatment of Cyperus esculentus powder with a medium of alkaline-treated water can effectively improve the starch extraction efficiency. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction process, and the results showed that the optimal parameters were ultrasound time of 30 minutes, pH value of 9.0, ultrasound temperature of 40 °C, and solid-liquid ratio of 10:1. The extraction percentage under these conditions was 90.1%. The physicochemical properties of C. esculentus starch were compared with those of cassava, potato, and corn starch. The particle size of C. esculentus starch was approximately 2 to 15 μm. The gelatinization temperature was 70.5 °C, and the peak viscosity was similar to cassava but with better thermal stability. Like other tuber starches, C. esculentus starch had higher swelling power and solubility at 85 °C.
Co-liquefaction of α-cellulose and phycocyanin: A preliminary study
Authors: Ji Hengsong , Zhang Zedong , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2024

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an efficient technology for converting biomass to platform compounds. It has great potential for reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. The HTL of waste biomass has been extensively studied in recent years due to both its environmental and economic benefits. However, most woody waste contains a large amount of cellulose, and it is difficult to be sufficiently decomposed to valuable chemicals. Phycocyanin, a key component of algae, is easily degraded under high-temperature liquefaction conditions. In this work, focusing on bio-oil generation properties, the co-liquefaction characteristics and synergistic mechanisms of α-cellulose and phycocyanin were explored. The findings revealed a maximum bio-oil yield of 33.1 wt% under the optimal conditions (300 °C for 40 min), with a notable positive synergistic effect of 13.5 wt%. Chemical composition analysis indicated distinct compositional differences between the bio-oils derived from individual and dual feedstock. The amounts of pyridine and pyrimidine compounds increased due to the enhanced co-liquefaction. The results also highlighted the influence of temperature on the degree of conversion and product distribution. Finally, preliminary chemical reaction pathway was elucidated, underscoring the potential of integrating microalgae and woody biomass for enhanced bio-oil production.
Modeling the Enantioselective Enzymatic Reaction with Modified Genetic Docking Algorithm
Authors: Žiemys A. , Rimkutė L. , Kulys J.
Published: May 2024

The handling algorithms for molecular interaction and docking is of increasing involvement in biological processes modeling. Genetic algorithm, in particular, improves the computation models and leads to more effective and robust calculations. An example of genetic algorithm application for the treatment of enantioselective enzymatic (peroxidase catalyzed) reaction is rendered. The performed modeling revealed the substrate structure influence to the docking in the enzyme active center and provided an explanation to the mechanism of peroxidase-catalyzed asymmetric oxidation reaction. The comparison of modeling results with published experimental data revealed the effectiveness of used algorithm, its suitability for solving problems for enantioselective enzymatic reactions modeling and its relevance to provide the rational design of fine prechiral compounds based targets.
The Abstract Book of the International Student Conference on Pediatrics 2024
Authors: Pargaliauskaitė Julija , Sakalauskaitė Austėja
Published: May 2024

The International Student Conference on Pediatrics is an annual collaborative effort between Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine Students' Paediatrics Scientific Group and Rīga Stradiņš University Paediatrics Interest Group. This platform enables medical students from both universities to present their scientific work and findings in pediatric research. This year's conference saw the inclusion of students from Ukraine, further enhancing international cooperation. The conference aims to foster collaboration and academic excellence while promoting enduring partnerships in the field of pediatrics. The Abstract Book contains students’ abstract work, providing an overview of the event.
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: case presentation and literature review
Authors: Rodríguez Ximena , Quijano Bernardo
Published: May 2024

The multiple evanescent white dot syndrome is a multifocal ocular condition involving the choroid and the retina that typically affects young myopic females. It is typically unilateral and has a favorable evolution without treatment, recovering the visual function and normal structure upon several weeks since the onset of the condition. In some cases, treatment via systemic corticosteroids has been chosen, as in the case of the patient selected for the present work, in which an excellent visual and structural result was obtained much faster by using the treatment with corticosteriods. The present article presents a literature review on the current issues about this pathology and the possibilities with regard to its management.
Linkage of diabetic retinopathy with blood antioxidants and gut microbiota in type two diabetes mellitus Saudi patients
Authors: Fahmy Rania
Published: May 2024

Background: The retina is a light-sensitive nerve layer located at the back of the eye that creates images of objects. These cells kept alive by getting oxygen and nutrients from tiny blood vessels in the eye. Retinopathy is a disease of the retina that is more prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness because hyperglycemia weakens retinal capillaries, resulting in leakage of blood into the surrounding space. This bleeding can result in formation of scar tissue, which can cause traction retinal detachment and maculopathy. The development of a panel of blood biomarkers to monitor diabetic retinopathies is essential for both diagnosis and prognosis. Proteomics as a powerful tool for the analysis of complex mixtures of proteins and the identification of biomarkers can be of great importance. Purpose: To detect early nerve fiber layer changes around macula and optic disc in diabetic patients, and to correlate diabetic retinopathy with blood antioxidants and gut microbiota in T2DM in Saudi patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, a total of 77 eyes of 39 subjects aged 40-60 years who did not have any history of eye injuries or eye diseases affecting fundus viewing, were recruited from King Saud University Campus and the department of ophthalmology in King Abdul Aziz university hospital in Riyadh. All subjects underwent full ophthalmic examination including Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular profile, Proteomic approach of collected overnight fasting plasma and Microbial stool examination. Results: The nerve fiber layer thickness around the optic disc was measured for all groups, and there was no statistically significant difference in all quadrants between groups. The total retinal thickness at the macular area was different among all groups and tends to increase in group 3 due to diabetic retinopathy. The macular thickness in the 4 quadrants revealed no statistical difference except in the inferior quadrant. Glutathione S transferase and lipid peroxides showed no significant difference between the three studied groups; vitamin C and Glutathione were surprisingly higher in controlled diabetic patients relative to controls. Moreover, over growth of bacteroids participated to the evolution of retinopathy in diabetic patients. Conclusion: As hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, the present study certified that the progressive damage can be delayed in controlled type 2 diabetic patients using different treatment modalities that subside oxidative stress.
Tahwiil Ar-Riwayah Al-Fata An-Nabiil ila Al-Fiilm: Dirasah Ikranisasiah li Pamusuk Eneste
Authors: Muntahana Nuratul , Munjiah Ma’rifatul
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe study aimed to reveal the forms of changes that occur in the plot, setting, and social values in the novel Al-Fata An-Nabiil and its film version seen from Pamusuk Aneste’s ecranization theory.MethodThis qualitative study made uses of descriptive qualitative research design. The primary data source was the novel Al-Fata An-Nabiil by Frances Hodgson Burnett and its film version by Kozo Kusuba. The data collection procedures included several techniques, including reading the novel, watching the film, and note-taking technique. In analyzing the data, researchers followed Miles and Huberman model, which comprised three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.Results/findingsThe study showed several forms of changes that occurred in plot, setting, and social values in the process of transforming the novel into the film Al-Fata An-Nabiil based on the study of by Pamusuk Aneste’s ecranization theory covering narrowing, increasing, and changing the work’s plot, its setting and its social values.ConclusionThe changing of the novel into its film version covered internal and external elements to adjust to the needs of new types of works.
The Muslim Mothers’ Understanding of Breastfeeding Command in the Quran: A Case Study in Yogyakarta
Authors: Astari Rika , Bustam Betty Mauli Rosa , Perawironegoro Djamaludin
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis article aimed to explore the Muslim mothers' understanding of breastfeeding verses, the factors of the role of ulama, community organizations, and the impact of understanding verses on breastfeeding practices.MethodThe study was qualitative research employing a descriptive case study design. It involved Muslim preachers and mothers as the key informants in Yogyakarta. Intensive observation and interview were done to get the intended data. The collected data and information were qualitatively analyzed to unveil Muslim mothers’ understanding of breastfeeding in Islam.Results/findingsThe study' showed those who believed that the Quran obligated breastfeeding did it as an attempt to fulfill the obligations without understanding the benefits that come with it. This was a consequence of the absence of socialization of the breastfeeding-related Quranic verses' content.ConclusionThe study concluded that Muslim preachers had not reached Muslim mothers in Yogyakarta with breastfeeding verses.
The Relation of Metaphysics to Political Theory in the Thoughts of Al-Farabi
Authors: Hadi Amirul
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis article explored the extent to which metaphysics has a fundamental relation with politics in the thoughts of Al-Farabi.MethodIn this study, the descriptive-analysis method was adopted, as it attempted to describe Al-Farabi’s thoughts on metaphysics and its relation to his political theory. This was then to be followed by philosophical and historical approaches to the subject.Result/findingAl-Farabi’s substantive thoughts fell into two major divisions: metaphysics and politics. Politics properly was intended to achieve the ultimate aim of human beings, which was happiness (al-sa‘adah) or perfection (al-kamal). The highest perfection that man desires to attain is intellectual perfection (al-kamal al-nazari). A city (state), which he calls “al-Madinah”, became a whole similar to the cosmos, and its members—based on their classes—were to cooperate toward achieving happiness. It was through this way that a perfect city/state (al-madinah al-fadilah) would be realized.ConclusionPolitical theory of Al-Farabi encompassed both psychological and cosmological elements. Yet, it was strongly connected to metaphysics. This could be observed in the notion that political science was aimed at the prosperity of men as members of the political community. Al- Farabi’s thoughts began with metaphysics or cosmology and moved towards psychology and physiology, and ended with the discourse on politics.
Use of Ticketing System in Freelancing Platform to Maintaining Client Trust in Product Development Process
Authors: Sitanggang Andri Sahata , Hasti Novrini , Syafariani R Fenny , Melian Lusi , Santoso Bondan Rachmat , Shidiq Muhammad Daffa
Published: May 2024

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are considered to be one of the important components in the economic development of a country, especially Indonesia. However, it has been found that MSMEs are lagging in digitalization, the adoption of information technology, and digital marketing. An information system where MSMEs can have easy access to IT and digital marketing professionals can be a solution to boost and encourage digitalization among local MSMEs. Developing such an information system requires the project to be able to quickly adapt and change based on the user’s needs and current trends. This study proposes an incremental solution to building an accessible information system catered for MSMEs by incorporating the ADDIE model into the development cycle. To understand the feasibility of the system, several group meetings are arranged to demonstrate and try out the system’s capability to the target users. The results indicate that the system is generally able to fit the needs of MSMEs and is quite effective at connecting the MSESs to IT and Digital marketing resources and experts.
Validation of Hospital Frailty Risk Score in Heart Failure
Authors: Teo Zhenwei , Oh Ying Zi , Huang Weiliang , Lee Sheldon , Chang Ting Yu , Lim Aileen , Sim Lydia Euphemia , Espelata Wrenzie Del Valle , Conroy Simon , Rosario Barbara H
Published: May 2024

Background: Frailty is prevalent in older people and results from age-related decline in physiological function and reserve. The objective of this study was to validate the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) in predicting outcomes and hospitalisation usage in older hospitalised heart failure (HF) patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of electronic medical records. Patients aged ≥65 years admitted with HF to a Singapore tertiary hospital between 1 January 2021 and 30 April 2021 were included. Patients were identified as HF patients in the value-driven care pathway and using ICD codes for HF. They were categorised into low risk (<5), intermediate risk (5–15) and high risk (>15) of frailty using the HFRS. Results: A total of 208 older patients with HF were included (mean age 79.4 years; 50.5% males). Using the HFRS, 35.1% were deemed at low risk, 46.2% at intermediate risk and 18.8% at high risk of frailty. Those at high risk of frailty were older than those at low risk (mean age 84.8 versus 76.5 years, respectively; p<0.001). Women had a higher risk of frailty than men. Univariate analyses showed longer length of stay (LOS) and higher 30-, 90- and 365-day mortality in those at high frailty risk. In multivariate analyses, HFRS was associated with long LOS, 90-day and 1-year mortality. Dementia, acute MI and renal disease were more common in high-risk patients. Comparing HFRS with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), HFRS was a better predictor of long LOS, mortality at 30, 90, 1 year and 30-day readmission than CCI. HFRS alone was a better predictor than combining the HFRS and CCI. Conclusion: Older patients with higher HFRS have increased healthcare utilisation, including longer LOS and higher mortality.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURE IN BULGARIA
Authors: Todorova S.
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present scientific work is to examine and analyze the current legal and regulatory framework of the different forms and organization of agricultural cooperatives in Bulgaria, as well as to draw conclusions and recommendations for their improvement.
METHODS: The main research and analytic methods are: systematic analysis, logical approach, normative method, synthesis, etc.
RESULTS: Through the research and analysis of the legal framework, we have identified significant contradictions and weaknesses which impede the successful agricultural cooperatives in the country. Guidelines are provided for changes meant to contribute to solving specific problems.
CONCLUSIONS: The performed legal analysis of the normative regulations on agricultural cooperatives reveals the need for a normative initiative to overcome lapses and contradictions in the legislation in this field, in order to fully protect the rights and interests of all legal entities.