bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHRONOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN EMERGING APPROACH TO TREAT CIRCADIAN RHYTHMIC RELATED DISEASE
Authors: Kuila Anuttam , Dhandapani Nagasamy Venkatesh , Bhowmik Himangshu , Soni Abhishek , Kumar Kammari Harish
Published: August 2018

The research on chronotherapy has garnered interest from scientists to understand circadian rhythms and their applications in the biological system. The area of chronotherapeutics covers essential information which is helpful to move forward and solve entanglements in current drug delivery technology. Chronotherapy is the conveying drugs in the body at the target site by maintaining perfect synchronicity with circadian rhythms. The main aim of the current rhythmic research is to formulate and design a therapeutic novel system which can deliver the drug in a desired way inside the body to treat various rhythmic diseases according to their occurrence. Drug release from an ideal chronotherapeutic system should be rapid, and the release of drug from the delivery system should also be complete after a specific or defined lag time period. Recently, scientists are involved in developing chronotherapeutic drug delivery system to treat chronological diseases such as single and multiple units using an erodible, soluble or insoluble polymer coating, and stimuli regulated drug delivery systems. In this review, we focus on the elaboration of the concept of chronotherapy, main challenges ahead during its development process, current approaches and its future applications in drug delivery in the treatment of circadian rhythmic diseases.
A REVIEW ON BIOGENIC PROPERTIES OF STEM BARK OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA: AN UPDATE
Authors: Gaikwad Dinanath , Jadhav Namdeo
Published: August 2018

The traditional and alternative systems of medicine have been resulting more than 85% of the drugs from a plant source. Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) stem bark contain glycosides, ample quantities of flavonoids, tannins, and minerals. Flavonoids have been identified to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects while glycosides are cardiotonic, thus making T. arjuna bark inimitable. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss various aspects of its ethnomedical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and clinical relevance to various ailments condition. Available data from PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science were reviewed. Review articles, case reports, and clinical studies were included. Ultimately, after the elimination of repetitive information, 60 articles were identified. Most of the studies, both experimental and clinical, have suggested that T. arjuna bark possesses anti‑ischemic, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activity. Its useful phytoconstituents are triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, phenolics, and arjunolic acid. Experimental studies have revealed that T. arjuna bark exerting significant cardioprotective and as potent antioxidant activity. So far, no serious side effects have been reported with T. arjuna bark therapy. However, its long‑term safety still remains to be elucidated. T. arjuna bark has been found quite useful as cardioprotective agent. The present comprehensive update review is, therefore, an effort to give detailed information on T. arjuna stem bark for overall management of several ailments.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES AND BIOACTIVITY OF VARIOUS BENZILIC ACIDS AND ITS ANALOGS
Authors: R Sudha , Kanakam Charles C , G Nithya
Published: August 2018

Objective: Various benzilic acids and its analogs have been synthesized using the protocol, obtain good to exceptional yield and their biological activity, and its docking studies have been discussed.Methods: Molecular docking studies were performed by discovery studio - LibDock docking program. To determine the cytotoxic effects, we used an MTT viability assay.Results: The results showed that cell growth is significantly lower in extract treated cells compared to untreated control. The effect of inhibition of cell growth was shown in different concentration dosages for cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity in vitro.Conclusion: From the antibacterial results prove that the synthesized compounds showed the potential activity. These remarks may give the encouragement of further development of our research in this field. The antioxidant activity was also performed for the compound benzilic acid and its substituted analogs.
ASSESSMENT ON PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS ALONG WITH MMAS SCORE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY: A HOME BASED SCREENING
Authors: Kandasamy Krishnaveni , Rajagopal Shanmuga Sundaram , Ramalingam Kameswaran , Krishnan Karthikeyan
Published: August 2018

Objectives: In India, a study on hypertension (HTN) prevalence conducted in a community over a period of 3–6 decades showed an increase of 30% in urban population and 10% in rural population. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN in a rural community and also to find the significance of risk factors which precipitate to it.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community of Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. HTN and pre-HTN was defined by the Joint National Committee 8th report guidelines. Patient data’s (sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, and medical reports) were collected with the help of questionnaire. Identified hypertensive patients were assessed with MMAS-8 questionnaire.Results: During the study period of 8 months, 425 subjects were screened and studied for HTN and pre-HTN. More than half (69.4%) of the study group were found to be hypertensive. Of the 295 reported cases, 228 (53.6% of 425) were “known” cases of HTN and 67 (15.8% of 425) were newly diagnosed cases. A positive association (p<0.05) was observed between HTN and age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol, and tobacco use other than smoking. 75 patients were found to be prehypertensive, in that 57.3% (43 cases) were male and 42.7% (32 cases) were female. Majority of hypertension patients (66%) were with low adherence than 24% medium and 10% high adherence towards their medications.Conclusion: Our study concluded that the prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was higher among the study population, so there is a need for screening of individuals at the early age group. Further studies are needed to observe and confiscate the reasons why majority of hypertensive patients with low medication adherence.
SYNTHESIS OF SOME NOVEL PERYLENE DI IMIDES AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTI CANCER ACTIVITY
Authors: C N Hemalatha , M Vijey Aanandhi
Published: August 2018

Objective: The main objective of the study is to synthesis some novel perylene di imides and to evaluate for anti oxidant activity and anticancer activity.Methods: Antioxidant assay was carried on to study the reducing activity of the compounds. The cytotoxicity assay was studied to find the best potent compound among the synthesized compound by using the HCT-116, a colon cancer cell line. Synthesized substituted amine derivatives of perylene di imides. From the evaluation study Compound, A shows potent activity when compared with the standard drug 5-Fluorouracil.Results: The results of the total antioxidant capacity assay of perylene compounds are evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method and nitric oxide scavenging method. All the synthesized compounds are evaluated for their antioxidant power. From the results of DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging assay, Compound A, B, C and D showed potent activity when compared with the standard. For further evaluation of cell line studies, based upon the IC50 values, Compound A, B and C were taken for study. The molecular modeling data’s are exactly correlated with the in vitro studies. We have used 5-Fluorouracil and PIPER as a standard for in vitro study and molecular modeling study respectively.Conclusions: From the results, Compound A will be efficient to inhibit telomerase enzyme and the Compound A will be effective for anti-cancer therapy.
“Ir hacia” desde los otros. La apropiación de la noción de arco intencional en la teoría de Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Buffone Jesica Estefanía
Published: August 2018

Los objetivos de mi trabajo son: explorar la génesis de la función llamada “arco intencional” en la infancia, entenderla como un proceso de desarrollo paulatino y analizar los procesos intermedios (como la constitución del yo y la aparición del mundo de los objetos) que intervienen en su definición. Asimismo, intentaré demostrar que el concepto de arco intencional, aunque poco desarrollado por Merleau-Ponty, conlleva consecuencias que impregnan y sostienen gran parte de su teoría perceptual. Esclarecer la trama conceptual que lo fundamenta no sólo podrá arrojar luz sobre la génesis de la percepción en su teoría, sino que también aportará herramientas valiosas para explicar los inicios de la constitución del cuerpo habitual en la niñez.
Responsabilidad y legitimidad en las transferencias monetarias condicionadas
Authors: García Valverde Facundo
Published: August 2018

Este artículo analiza la fundamentación normativa de un tipo de políticas de alivio contra la pobreza comunes durante los últimos años en Latinoamérica, a saber, las transferencias monetarias condicionadas. Se mostrará que la justificación típica de las transferencias monetarias condicionadas es ilegítima en una comunidad política democrática. A través de la indagación de las razones por las que la carga de la prueba se coloca del lado de las transferencias incondicionadas, se mostrará que se apela a una noción controvertida de responsabilidad individual que cristaliza relaciones desiguales y que se basa en un diagnóstico empírico cuestionable. Palabras clave: igualitarismo, protección social, legitimidad democrática
Potentia Dei y su concurso en el mundo natural según Juan Duns Escoto
Authors: Mayocchi Enrique Santiago
Published: August 2018

Juan Duns Escoto configura su pensamiento filosófico desde una perspectiva cristiana, en la que la acción divina omnipotente crea y conserva las criaturas. Toda obra del creador ad extra es contingente, de manera que la realidad física recibe ese añadido en el nivel ontológico y operativo. Los objetivos de este trabajo son dos: determinar el alcance y la modalidad en que la potentia Dei actúa sobre el mundo natural según el Doctor Sutil y resolver una posible inconsistencia cuando este pensador analiza la capacidad del homo viator para alcanzar certeza en el conocimiento experiencial.
Discourse media analysis of risk and responsibility for environmental pollution
Authors: Metcalfe Jennifer
Published: August 2018

This book examines the media discourses about environmental pollution in Australia, China and Japan. The book's authors focus on the actors involved in discussions of risk versus those involved in responsibility for environmental pollution. The authors use novel and traditional means of analysis that combine techniques from a variety of disciplines to examine case studies of media discourse. The book provides an interesting, if at times simplistic, overview of the pollution issues facing each country. The conclusions made from the media analysis are relevant to those researching and practicing science communication in the context of such important environmental issues.
DEGRADAÇÃO DE HIDROXIBENZENO EM ÁGUA USANDO O PROCESSO FENTON E FOTO-FENTON EM REATOR AGITADO COM/SEM LUZ UV
Authors: Rocha Keslei Rosendo da , Silva Eduarda Diully da , Pereira João Pedro Querubino , Torres Larissa Karen Nazareno , Carvalho Fabiane Assis
Published: August 2018

Resíduos orgânicos representam um grande problema para o meio ambiente, sendo reduzir estes resíduos um dos maiores desafios atuais. Uma boa alternativa para degradação desses resíduos tem sido o uso de reações oxidativas. Essas reações atacam quimicamente a matéria orgânica,reduzindo-a a compostos menos tóxicos. Algumas das reações mais estudadas têm sido as reações de Fenton, por produzirem o radical hidroxila, que possui um alto poder oxidante. Neste trabalho foram feitas reações de Fenton e foto-Fenton buscando degradar hidroxibenzeno, um resíduo industrial. As reações foto-Fenton (reator 1) se mostraram muito superiores às reações Fenton(reator 2), com a degradação de hidroxibenzeno caindo de 17.55 mg para 0.29 mg no reator 1 num período reacional de 30 min sob agitação de 1000 rpm, com 6 lâmpadas de 6 W cada, na faixa de radiação de 365 nm, na condição de concentração dos reagentes Fenton iguais a 20 ppm (FeCl2 . 4 H2O) e 200 ppm (H2O2), enquanto que no reator 2 sob as mesmas condições, excetuando-se aslâmpadas UV, a queda do hidroxibenzeno foi de 17.55 mg para 11.78 mg.
Analysis of the effectiveness of healthcare M&A transactions in developed countries
Authors: Nazarova Varvara
Published: August 2018

The healthcare industry is a large and fast-growing segment of the corporate world, especially in developed countries. In the face of growing competition, healthcare companies inevitably resort to mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in order to accelerate their development. The objective of this study is to identify the creation of additional value for M&A deal participants in the healthcare industry in the United States and the European Union in 2008-2017. In this paper, we propose the following thesis statement: can healthcare companies expect excess returns from M&A deals? On average, M&A deals in the healthcare industry in developed countries create positive abnormal returns for acquiring companies and are efficient; a positive, significant impact on abnormal returns was found in the deal value of M&A deals, a negative significant impact was observed for deals conducted with the shares payment method and for acquiring companies with a larger number of employees.
Effectiveness of combined ultrasound and exercise therapy in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome - randomized, placebo-controlled investigation
Authors: Lazovic Milica , Kocic Mirjana , Hrkovic Marija , Nikolic Dejan , Petronic Ivana , Ilic-Stojanovic Olivera , Filipovic Tamara , Soldatovic Ivan
Published: August 2018

Introduction/Objective. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of ultrasound treatment procedure on defined clinical parameters and changes of electrodiagnostic parameters at the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Methods. Thirty-five patients (50 hands) were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG) (20 patients (29 hands)) and the control group (CG) (15 patients (21 hands)). Twenty sessions of ultrasound treatment were performed over a period of seven weeks and control examination was performed during the eighth week from the initial session. Clinical assessment parameters (pain intensity, superficial sensibility, and Tinel sign), and electrodiagnostic parameters (motor distal latency ? mDL), median sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), and median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) were assessed both at baseline (T1) and at control (T2). Results. There is significant improvement of pain intensity (T1 ? 10.4/58.6/31; T2 ? 65.5/27.6/6.9; p < 0.001) and superficial sensibility (T1 ? 3.4/69/27.6; T2 ? 44.8/34.5/20.7; p < 0.001) in the EG after the treatment. In the EG, there is significant reduction in frequency of positive Tinel?s sign (T1 ? 100/0; T2 ? 62.1/37.9; p < 0.001), and mDL significantly decreased after the treatment (T1 ? 4.7 ? 1.3; T2 ? 4.5 ? 1.2; p = 0.007), while SNAP (T1 ? 20.2 ? 15.4; T2 ? 24.4 ? 16.5; p < 0.001) and SNCV (T1 ? 36.5 ? 9.8; T2 ? 42.6 ? 9.7; p < 0.001) significantly increased. Conclusion. Ultrasound treatment along with exercises have positive short-term effects and benefits on improvement of clinical and electrodiagnostic findings in individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Narkotika di Indonesia
Authors: Suyatna Uyat
Published: August 2018

Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah kebijakan narkotika tidak menjadi acuan dalam kehidupan di masyarakat. Sehingga terjadi penyalahgunaan narkotika. Oleh karena itu, negara membuat Undang-Undang Nomor 35 tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika, Psikotropika, dan Zat Adiktif lainnya.Narkotika merupakan zat atau obat yang berasal dari tanaman atau bukan tanaman baik sintetis maupun semisintetis yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan atau perubahan kesadaran, hilangnya rasa, mengurangi sampai menghilangkan rasa nyeri, dan dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan. Penyalahgunaan Narkotika mengakibatkan kerusakan fisik, mental, emosi dan sikap dalam masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan dan metode survei deskriftif analisis kualitatif, langsung pada lokus di mana kasus itu terjadi.Temuan penelitian ini, penyalahgunaan narkotika dimulai dari anak-anak, remaja, dan dewasa. Karena hal ini sangat membahayakan, perlu ada evaluasi kebijakan narkotika dalam masyarakat di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak, remaja, dan dewasa, menjadi produsen, pengedar, dan pengguna, narkotika dalam masyarakat di Indonesia.
Kirjaston verkkokäytön mittaamista kehittämässä
Authors: Tiittanen Liisa
Published: August 2018

Tilastot ovat yksi tapa kertoa siitä, millainen kirjasto on: mitä palveluita tai aineistoja kirjasto tarjoaa sekä millä tavalla ja kuinka paljon kirjastoa käytetään. Nopea digitalisoituminen on muuttanut kirjaston käyttötapoja – pysyykö tilastointimukana? Kirjaston verkkokäyttöön liittyviä tilastointikysymyksiä käsiteltiin Turun ammattikorkeakoulun kirjasto- ja tietopalveluiden toimeksiannosta tehdyssä ylemmän ammattikorkeakoulututkinnon kehittämistyössä.
Sivistyksen puolustus: miksi akateemista elämää tarvitaan? Sari Kivistö & Sami Pihlström
Authors: Suominen Vesa
Published: August 2018

Sari Kivistön ja Sami Pihlströmin teos Sivistyksen puolustus: Miksi akateemista elämää tarvitaan? (Gaudeamus 2018) käsittelee kriittisesti Suomen yliopistolaitoksen kehitystä ja nykytilaa. Painopiste on humanistisissa tieteissä, mutta teos käsittelee yleisemminkin sivistyksen ja akateemisen elämänmuodon merkitystä yliopistossa.
In memoriam Hilkka Sisko Kuusi: Tiedekuntakirjaston luotsaaja aikaansa edellä
Authors: Forsman Maria , Peltonen Eeva
Published: August 2018

Hilkka Sisko Kuusi (ent. Lamminen, o.s. Niemelä) jäi eläkkeelle vuonna 1987, takanaan yli kolme vuosikymmentä kestänyt ura Helsingin yliopiston kirjastolaitoksessa. Pisimpään hän toimi Valtiotieteellisen tiedekunnan kirjastossa (1966–1987), jossa meillä oli ilo työskennellä hänen alaisinaan. Kollegoiksi hän meitä useimmiten kutsui niin työssä ollessaan kuin eläkevuosinaankin, jolloin meistä tuli osa hänen laajaa ystävä- ja tuttavapiiriään. Meille tieto hänen menehtymisestään viime vuoden lopulla oli suruviesti, joskaan täydellisenä yllätyksenä se ei tullut.

Hilkan kausi tiedekunnan kirjastossa ajoittui vuosiin, jolloin tietotekniikka alkoi tehdä tuloaan kirjastoihin ja jolloin käsitykset tieteellisten kirjastojen tehtävistä olivat muuttumassa. Tieteellisen tiedon välittäminen ja tietopalvelutyö nousivat tiedon tallentamisen rinnalle. Tämä kehitys ei välttämättä näkynyt vielä 1970-luvulla Helsingin yliopiston yhteiskuntatieteellisten ja humanististen alojen tiedekunta- ja laitoskirjastojen arjessa. Valtiotieteellisen tiedekunnankirjastossa kuitenkin näkyi, sillä kirjastomme luotsaaja oli ajan hermolla. Se, että kyseessä oli pienehkö, lähinnä omaa tiedekuntaa palvelemaan perustettu kirjasto, ei estänyt häntä tarttumasta uusiin haasteisiin.
Coleções subdurais crônicas não infecciosas: Aspectos epidemiológicos e resultados em 581 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico
Authors: Zavadzki Tamara Melissa , Costa Guilherme Henrique Ferreira da , Rodrigues Leonardo Henrique Da Silva , Xander Paulo Adolfo Wessel , Veiga José Carlos Esteves , Aguiar Guilherme Brasileiro de
Published: August 2018

Introdução: Coleções subdurais crônicas, representadas na sua maioria pelos hematomas (HSDCr) e higromas (HSD), são afecções frequentes na prática neurocirúrgica. Sua apresentação clínica, assim como as técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas para o seu tratamento, já são bem documentadas na literatura. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com coleções subdurais crônicas, representadas por HSDCr e HSD, submetidos a tratamento neurocirúrgico no nosso serviço, no período de 2000 a 2014. Métodos: Foram analisados os relatos cirúrgicos entre o período de 2000 a 2014, de pacientes diagnosticados com coleções subdurais crônicas, compreendendo hematomas e higromas. Avaliaram-se características demográficas, tipo de tratamento empregado, ocorrência de recidivas, lateralidade, localização e manutenção de dreno no pós-operatório. Resultados: Neste estudo, foram selecionados 581 pacientes, dentre os quais 500 (86,05%) apresentaram HSDCr e 81 (13,9%) HSD. Eram do sexo masculino 74,18%. Em relação aos HSDCr, a média de idade foi 61,6 ± 21 anos. A trepanação foi o tipo de intervenção mais utilizada (95%), seguido de craniotomia (4,7%). Houve recidiva em 29 casos. No que diz respeito aos HSD, a média de idade foi 45,7 ± 27,2. A trepanação foi realizada em 91,5% dos casos, seguida pela craniotomia (3,16%), derivação subduro-peritoneal (3,1%) e derivação subdural externa (2,1%). Houve 15 casos recidivados. Conclusão: Os HSDCr representam a maioria das coleções subdurais submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico. Os idosos foram o grupo mais acometido. O tratamento cirúrgico de escolha foi a trepanação.Descritores: Hematoma subdural crônico, Hematoma subdural, Derrame subdural
Estratégias de educação sexual a partir da percepção de estudantes de uma escola pública
Authors: Santos Mayara Karolline Lima Ferreira dos , Queiroz Luan De Araújo , Saltirio Iara Luisy Silva , Rios Junnielly Da Silva Costa , Pinho Hortência Maria Lopes de Souza , Silva Karwhory Wallas Lins da , Matos-Rocha Thiago José
Published: August 2018

O estudo teve como objetivo realizar estratégias de educação sexual a partir da percepção de estudantes de uma escola pública. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, com 135 alunos do 1° ao 3° ano do ensino médio que responderam a um questionário estruturado composto por várias questões e com base nas respostas obtidas foram desenvolvidos métodos de intervenção em saúde, como palestras e oficinas. Dos estudantes que participaram da pesquisa, 17% eram do primeiro ano, 14% do segundo e 69% do terceiro ano. Observou-se que a iniciação sexual dos mesmos é precoce. 51% dos adolescentes eram do sexo masculino e a média de idade amostral foi de 19 anos. Mais de 90,0% dos participantes (n=123) referiram conhecer ao menos uma IST. Torna-se necessária a intervenção dos profissionais da saúde, articuladas com a escola e principalmente com a família proporcionando conversas, palestras e reflexões contemplando os temas Sexualidade e Saúde Reprodutiva.Descritores: Estudantes, Educação em saúde, Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, Sexualidade, Comportamento sexual, Adolescente
VENETIANS REVIVALS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: EXAMPLES OF NEO-MEDIEVALIST ARCHITECTURE IN THE RIO DEL GAFFARO AREA
Authors: Mazzetto Silvia
Published: August 2018

This paper presents some examples of architectural revivals created by a promising Venetian architect at the beginning of the twentieth century, in a marginal area of the city of Venice known as Rio del Gaffaro that was subjected to an intense phenomenon of redevelopment and urban development, following the construction of new road and rail links to the mainland. The original hypotheses for the evolution of the lagunar city, proposed by their author, use an innovative compositional syntax that becomes the thin line of division between traditionally antagonistic references such as classicism and modernism, or orientalism and localism, in some of the best examples of neo-medievalist revival in early 20th century Venice. In particular, the use of historical reference in the composition of the new architectural forms establishes an intense, but quiet and pacific dialogue between the ancient and the modern. In this comparison, all interruptions between past and present are removed, not only in the composition of the residential architectural cell but also in the formation of the new urban fabric into which it is inserted. This way of reinventing history was to open the way for many subsequent readings and interpretations by other Venetian architects.
The Power of Photography in Urban Design Discipline: A Module Catalogue
Authors: Elshater Abeer
Published: August 2018

This work focuses on the pedagogical method that documents the public realm by promoting to students learning through photography in urban design programmes to investigate everyday events that form public life. Picturing the commute in our cities could be guided by digital photography, archival research and critical thinking analysis. To contrive a kind of change, a module structure may come for the task of urban design as a field of professional practice to have a varied, integrated and transitioning role with different disciplines such as photography for raising the visual skills and boosting the way that students see their external environment. Moreover, the methods and techniques of urban design need to be extended to the unlimited borders of teaching various skills. The results of the current research stem from the reports of excellent students’ feedback, as well as the comments on the course and expert interviews. The conclusion is that urban design, as visual-aesthetic management, can benefit from a method for module revisited that provides themes for photography to boost the skills that students should gain. The concluded six key factors could foster the integrity of the modules of urban design and site photography.
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Daun Torbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus Spreng.) dengan Pemupukan Organik dan Pemangkasan
Authors: Munawaroh Nafi'atul , Aziz Sandra Arifin
Published: August 2018

Tanaman torbangun berkhasiat untuk memperlancar air susu ibu (ASI) karena mengandung laktagogen. Penelitian mengenai tanaman torbangun lebih banyak di bidang farmakologinya saja, oleh sebab itu perlu adanya penelitian di bidang teknik budi daya dengan menggunakan pupuk organik dan pemangkasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pengaruh pupuk organik dan pemangkasan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi daun torbangun. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pada siklus 1 dengan faktor pemupukan, dan rancangan perlakuan Split plot pada siklus 2 dengan pemupukan sebagai petak utama dan pemangkasan sebagai anak petak. Rataan hasil pada masing-masing siklus diuji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ). Pemupukan organik terbagi menjadi 5 taraf; tanpa pemupukan, pupuk kandang sapi+fosfat alam, pupuk kandang sapi+abu sekam padi, fosfat alam+abu sekam padi, dan pupuk kandang sapi+fosfat alam+abu sekam padi. Pemangkasan terbagi menjadi 2 taraf; tanpa dipangkas dan dipangkas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan yang menggunakan pupuk kandang sapi+fosfat alam+abu sekam padi dapat meningkatkan bobot basah pucuk 125.21% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa pemupukan. Pemangkasan menurunkan biomasa tanaman dan jumlah daun. Pertumbuhan tanaman torbangun termasuk lambat, sehingga pemanenan harus dilakukan pada umur tanaman yang lebih lama.
Keragaan In Vitro dan In Vivo Hibrida Somatik antara Solanum melongena cv. Dourga dengan Solanum torvum Sw.
Authors: Santoso Agus Joko , Husni Ali , Purwito Agus
Published: August 2018

Terung adalah tanaman yang mudah terserang oleh banyak jenis penyakit. Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap penyakit tersebutadalah dengan mengintroduksi sifat ketahanandari kerabat liarnya melalui fusi protopas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari keragaan in vitro dan in vivo hibrida somatik hasil fusi protoplas Solanum melongena cv. Dourga dengan Solanum torvum Sw.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian faktor tunggal dengan tujuh taraf klon, yaitu Solanum melongena cv. Dourga (SM), Solanum torvum Sw. (ST), dan 5 klon hibrida somatik (SMST1,  SMST2, SMST3, SMST4, and SMST5) yang disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Peubah yang diamati antara lain tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, panjang tangkai daun, jumlah akar, panjang akar, jumlah buku, warna batang, warna tangkai daun, jumlah duri pada permukaan daun, dan bentuk lobus daun. Pada kondisi in vitro, pertumbuhan Solanum torvum Sw. berbeda sangat nyata dengan kelima klon hibrida somatik. Klon SMST1, SMST2, dan SMST4 menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik  dari klon SMST3 dan SMST5. Pada kondisi in vivo, klon-klon yang diuji memiliki kekerabatan yang lebih dekat dengan Solanum torvum Sw.
Simulasi Uji BUSS (Baru, Unik, Seragam Stabil) Enam Varietas Nenas (Ananas comosus L. Merr.).
Authors: Aryawati Poetri Agustine , Sobir .
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter keunikan, keseragaman, dan kestabilan dari enam varietas nenas sebagai simulasi UJI BUSS untuk permohonan hak Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pasir Kuda, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Bahan percobaan terdiri dari enam varietas nenas yang terdiri dari varietas yang diuji yaitu Dole 14, P-1972, Mayan Gold 01, Champaka, Pasir Kuda dan varietas referensi yaitu varietas Subang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keenam varietas dapat dinyatakan berbeda. Perbedaan antara varietas kandidat dengan varietas referensi terdapat tujuh karakter pada bagian tanaman, enam karakter pada bagian daun, empat karakter pada bagian bunga, sembilan belas karakter pada bagian tangkai buah dan buah. Keenam varietas dapat dinyatakan seragam dan stabil. Tipe simpang hanya ditemukan pada satu tanaman dengan dua crown pada varietas Subang, jumlah tipe simpang yang ditemukan masih dibawah batas standar keseragaman.
BIAYA TRANSAKSI DAN ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN PETANI PADA SISTEM RESI GUDANG KOPI ARABIKA GAYO DI KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH
Authors: Fadhiela Keumala , Rachmina Dwi , Winandi Ratna
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of transaction cost and analyze farmers profit on Arabica Gayo Coffee Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) in Central Aceh District. Transaction Costs Analysis (TCA) was used to analize transaction cost structure at selling delay activity and financing activity on WRS. While the ratio of transaction costs to farmers' profit was used to determine the level of effectiveness of WRS. The research was conducted at PT. Ketiara Warehouse, West Aceh district, Aceh. The selected samples were all 4o farmers of Arabica Gayo WRS in Central Aceh Regency. The highest transction cost was on delay selling activity (64,07%) than transaction cost on warehouse receipt financing activity (35,93%). Implementation of the warehouse receipt system in PT. Ketiara provided more benefits to the participants because average percentage ratio between the cost of the transaction with the benefit of <10 percent.  Transaction costs and effectiveness of WRS need more attention and focus on the improvement of these two things to maximize the implementation and sustainability of Gayo Arabica Coffee WRS in Central Aceh District.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EM EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: interfaces entre movimentos sociais e atores político-institucionais
Authors: Bicalho Ramofly , Oliveira Lia Maria Teixeira de
Published: August 2018

o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar estudos realizados nos últimos anos acerca da estreita relação entre educação do campo e movimentos sociais no Brasil. Discutir as questões político-institucionais da formação universitária que se configuram das experiências entre os atores dos movimentos sociais e universidade, em meio às políticas públicas nos anos de 1990 até hoje. Nesta investigação consideramos o universo das crenças, valores, atitudes, motivações e histórias dos sujeitos individuais e coletivos. Ela permitiu uma inserção social mais profunda na realidade, de modo a explorar a diversidade de textos e materiais bibliográficos vinculados aos movimentos sociais do campo, além de legislações, decretos e portarias que tratam da educação do campo no Brasil. Entendemos que a força dos movimentos sociais organizados em marchas, congressos e fóruns, tenciona as instituições consolidadas, reivindicando a implementação de políticas de Estado que reconheçam as diferenças culturais, políticas e étnicas.Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas – Educação do Campo – Movimentos Sociais.
ESCOLA DO CAMPO E PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Siade Aline Rafaela de Vasconcelos , Ximenes-Rocha Solange Helena
Published: August 2018

A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa objetivou analisar como a precarização do trabalho atinge os professores do campo. Entende-se por precarização diversas formas de mal-estar, decorrentes de pressões estruturais que as exigências do capital impõem ao trabalhador, afetando a qualidade do trabalho. Como procedimentos metodológicos realizaram-se pesquisa de campo, observação e entrevista com 18 docentes. Os dados apontam que baixos salários, qualidade da moradia, desinteresse dos alunos e infraestrutura das escolas são fatores que precarizam o trabalho do professor. O discurso dos entrevistados é ambíguo: reconhecem a precariedade do trabalho e ainda assim estão satisfeitos.
A CATEGORIA PEDAGÓGICA DO TRABALHO SOCIALMENTE NECESSÁRIO NAS ESCOLAS ITINERANTES DO MST PARANÁ
Authors: Leite Valter De Jesus
Published: August 2018

Este artigo discorre acerca da gênese e do percurso histórico das Escolas Itinerantes do MST/Paraná, uma iniciativa do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) na luta pelo o acesso à educação escolar como forma de resistência nas ocupações de terra. Nesta interface trata da concepção de trabalho como princípio educativo nos complexos de estudo e avança para a compreensão do trabalho socialmente necessário como categoria pedagógica no trabalho educativo das Escolas Itinerantes do MST/Paraná. Tais ensaios expressam a articulação do acesso ao conhecimento sistematizado com as estratégias políticas do MST na construção da reforma agrária popular (aproximação com a agroecologia, das lutas sociais, relação com outras organizações de trabalhadores), por entender que o acesso das novas gerações à ciência e à arte é condição imprescindível para que possam aprimorar os processos de trabalhar, de viver, de lutar e de construir coletivamente germes da sociedade socialista.
APRESENTAÇÃO DO DOSSIÊ "TRABALHO E EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO"
Authors: Hage Salomão Antônio Mufarregi , Souza Dileno Dustan Lucas de
Published: August 2018

Texto de apresentação do Dossiê Temático "Trabalho e Educação do Campo"
A Note on Estimates of Agricultural Income Tax in
Pakistan
Authors: Khan Mahmood Hasan
Published: August 2018

In the last two years, changes in public policy affecting
agriculture in Pakistan have come in rapid succession. Of these, the
announcement in January 1977 of the introduction of tax on agricultural
incomes came as a major surprise to this author. For one thing, leading
spokesmen for the government in 1974 saw "little potential surplus"
which a tax on incomes in agriculture could generate without adversely
affecting the prospects of agricul¬tural growth. The agricultural lobby
had quite obviously won the argument then. More importantly, there
existed no estimates to counter the much publicized low magnitudes. I
have found in only one published study a systematic attempt to derive
estimates of agricultural tax in Pakistan [2].
Are "Consistent Time Series Data Relating to Pakistan's
Large-Scale Manufacturing Industries" Inconsistent: A Comment
Authors: Koht Norbye Ole David
Published: August 2018

In the Spring 1976 issue, The Pakistan Development Review
published an article by A. R. Kemal [2] on "Consistent Time Series Data
Relating to Pakistan's Large-Scale Manufacturing Industries" (hereafter
referred to as Kemal I). That article was followed by a second article
[3] in the Winter 1976 issue of the same journal, entitled "Sectoral
Growth Rates and Efficiency of Factor Use in Large-Scale Manufacturing
Sector in West Pakistan" (here¬after referred to as Kemal II). These two
articles had very significant impact because they purport to present
more realistic figures describing the development of Pakistan's
large-scale manufacturing sector during the period 1959-1960 to
1969-1970. This was a period in which that sector grew rapidly and was
subject to strong structural changes. Fresh data for the large-scale
manufacturing sector during that critical period could therefore lead to
a reinterpretation of Pakistan's economic history during the 1960's. The
purpose of the two Kemal articles appears to have been to provide such a
new statistical picture for large-scale manufacturing, and the study on
which they were based was financed by the Planning Commis¬sion,
Government of Pakistan.
Short Run Forecasts of the Money Stock in Pakistan
Authors: Mangla I. U. , Ladenson Mark
Published: August 2018

Until recently it was conventional to treat the money stock as
a policy variable exogenously determined by the central bank of a
country. However, the notion that the money stock is jointly determined
by the central bank, the commercial banks, and the nonbank public has
gained general acceptance among economists. Thus regarded as an
endogenous variable, the problem of choosing that model of money stock
determination which provides the best predictions of its values in the
immediate future assumes importance. It is the purpose of this paper,
then, to formulate alternative models of the Pakistani money stock
process and determine which of them yields the best short-run
predictions. The existing models are of two basic types: money
multiplier models of various degrees of sophistication, in which the
money stock is obtained as the product of a stock of base money and an
appropriate multiplier; and an empirical money supply equation used by
Gibson [9]. These are discussed in first section of the
paper.
A Note on Trade-Weighted Over-Valuation of the Pakistan
Rupee
Authors: Qureshi M. L. , Nishat Surraiya
Published: August 2018

The Pakistan rupee was devalued from Rs. 4.76 to a US dollar
to Rs. 11.00 to a US dollar in May 1972 and was revalued to Rs. 9.90 to
a US dollar in February 1973. The dollar has depreciated substantially
since then in relation to certain currencies such as the Swiss franc,
Deutsche mark, yen and the guilder. It is generally believed that the
Pakistan rupee, because of its link with the dollar, has depreciated not
only against the above currencies but also in an overall sense so that
the rupee has been defacto devalued. An attempt has been made in this
note to find out whether the rupee has been defacto devalued or
over-valued. The dollar has no doubt depreciated against some strong
currencies. But certain other currencies such as the pound sterling, the
French franc and the Italian lira have depreciated more than the dollar
so that relatively the dollar has appreciated in terms of these
currencies. The Pakistan rupee, which fol¬lowed the dollar, has
depreciated against certain currencies and appreciated against
others.
Trade Liberalization, Protectionism and Interdependence: Gatt
Studies in International Trade.—By Richard Blackhurst, Nicolas Marian
and Jan Tumlir. Geneva: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
November, 1977. pp.79.
Authors: Nishat Surraiya
Published: August 2018

The study under review is a brief account of issues concerning
trade liberalization and protectionism. The authors have extensively
argued in favour of free trade and have heavily criticized the
protectionist policies presently adopted by different nations. The
report is divided into three sections. In section I the main trends in
production and trade from World War II to the present have been
reviewed. The three post-war decades experienced unprecedented rates of
economic growth and prosperity. The three major factors which are
responsible for this impressive expansion of post-war trade are listed
by the authors as "institutional development, technological innovations
and demographic trends". In particular the liberalization of
international trade, investment and the freeing of the world economy
from the constraints imposed by the self-destructive nationalistic
policies of the 1930's have played a major role in this
development.
Female Status and Fertility in Pakistan
Authors: Syed Sabiha Hassan
Published: August 2018

Observations and interpretations of the demographic transition
in Western Europe indicate that among the plethora of forces influencing
the transition, one of the factors that played a significant role was
the variable generally known as the 'status and roles of women'. During
the period of socio-economic change in the Western societies,
extraordinary changes took place in the roles of women. Not only did new
opportunities open up to women but also new familial patterns of
parental control, interspouse relationships and planned parenthood
emerged that affected the lives of women in a variety of ways. There is
a concensus that this all occurred during the course of economic and
social development [2, 14, 25, 27].
Project Selection and the Equity Objective: The Use of Social
Analysis
Authors: Weiss John
Published: August 2018

Recent developments in the methodology of social cost -benefit
analysis (SCBA) have centred on the use of weights to revalue the income
flows created by projects. These developments reflect the increased
concern expressed by many governments in the less developed countries
(LDCs) about the problems of the lowest income groups, and are an
attempt to show how the objective of greater equity in income
distribution can be incorporated, in addition to other more conventional
objectives, in the appraisal of projects. 1ltis paper discusses the use
of income weights in the light of the results of a more detailed study
on SCBA in Pakistan by the author [I]. The paper is divided into three
sections: the first analyses the different ways in which a weighting
system can be incorporated into the appraisal of projects; the second
discusses the problem of obtaining values for these weights and suggests
a relatively simple approach which can be applied in Pakistan; and,
finally, the third section discusses the practical significance of such
procedures for decision -taking in the LDCs.
Towards a Synthesis of Semi-Input-Output and Little-Mirrlees: A
Social Cost-Benefit Analysis with Multiplier Effects of An Irrigation
Project in Northwest Malaysia
Authors: Bell Clive , Devarajan Siiantayanan
Published: August 2018

An investment project has effects on the incomes of
households, firms and government , not only directly through the value
added produced by the project it9Cif, but also by inducing additional
output through inter-industry linkages and expenditures out of the extra
incomes accruing to its beneficiaries. The latter, sometimes called the
"multiplier" or "downstream" effects of a project , have been discussed
in some of the recent literature on social cost benefit analysis [6,
II]. These contributions have been concerned with the "multiplier" or
"downstream" effects of projects, and with the derivation of shadow
prices which capture all such effects in full. If these shadow prices
are correctly calculated, so it is asserted, then valuing a project 's
direct inputs and outputs at these prices yields the right measure of
its social profitability . This approach is in the spirit of, and
consistent with , that of the various manuals on social cost• benefit
analysis [9. 13, 16] .
Shadow Pricing and Macroeconomic Analysis: Some Illustrations
from Pakistan
Authors: Squire L. , Little I. M. D. , Durdag M.
Published: August 2018

Shadow prices are being used increasingly in the economic
analysis of projects. The purpose of this paper, however, is to argue
that shadow prices are equally relevant for certain types of analysis at
the macro-economic level. In theory, macroeconomic issues can be
properly analyzed, if at all, only in general equilibrium frame• work.
Quantification then requires the solution of an appropriate model. But,
estimable general equilibrium models can seldom include many variables,
and the level of aggregation must remain high. They are general only in
the very partial sense of simultaneous solution of a limited set of
aggregated endogenous variables. On the other hand, some of the issues
addressed by shadow pricing involve quite disaggregated variables, and,
of course, project analysis itself often requires very detailed
estimations.
Female Participation in the Labour Force of Selected Latin
American Countries
Authors: Yusuf Farhat , Briggs D. K.
Published: August 2018

Data from 17 Latin American countries concerning female
participation in the labour force and selected social , economic and
demographic characteristics were examined using the path analysis
models. Of the 3 most important independent variables (i. e. those
representing female education, fertility and urbanization) the most
significant predictor was the proportion of 15 -19-year olds receiving
secondary education: this accounted for more than two-thuds of the
variation in levels of female participation in the labour force.
Some Observations on the Geographical Structure of International
Deficits and their Financing
Authors: Triffin Rohert
Published: August 2018

I should note at the outset that many defects exist in the
statistical estimates that are used in the field under discussion. The
estimates most often cited come from the OECD, which purport to show,
for December 1977, a discrepancy of more than $88 billion over the years
1974 -1977 ($22 billion a year) between the current account surpluses of
the OPEC countries ($175 billion) and the accumulated deficits of the
rest of the world ($264 billion) [4 , p. 64]. This discrepancy is almost
equal to the total deficits of the OECD countries during that period
($98 billion). There appear to be discrepancies of the same order of
magnitude in the estimates of the transfers of capital and monetary
reserves between various countries.
Distortions of Agricultural Incentives. Edited by Theodore W.
Schultz. Bloomington, Ind. (USA), and London : lndiana University Press.
1978. Name and Subject Indices, viii + 343 pp.
Authors: Chaudhary Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2018

This book is based on the contributions of a workshop
sponsored in 1977 by the Midwest Center of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences. It has been organized into six topical sections:
Constraints on Agricultural Production; Resources and Environment;
Distortion of Incentives; International Markets; Agricultural Research;
Education and New Institutions; and, finally, the Quest for Equity. Each
section carries several articles, in some cases with comments on some of
them. Most of the articles focus on agricultural price and income
policies followed in developing countries during the recent past,
analysing their effects on the adoption of superior innovations, capital
investment , efficient resource allocation, income distribution and,
above all, farm productivity.
Relevance of Growth Models to Development Planning
Authors: Cuakravarty Sukhamoy
Published: August 2018

Growth model can be viewed in three distinct ways. Firstly,
they can be viewed as "analytical filing" devices. Secondly, they can be
viewed as casual schemes of explanation. Thirdly. they can be regarded
as an example of "instrumental inference". From the point of view of
development planning, the first and the third uses are very important.
It is argued in the paper that from these points of view, they do serve
important purposes. This is true despite the existence of numerous
deficiencies from which currently existing models suffer. This argument
is supported in the paper with the help of illustrations from the
existing literature on growth model.
The Socioeconomic Position of Pakistan in the Third World
Authors: Khan M. H. , Zerby J. A
Published: August 2018

A number of social and economic indices are constructed by
utilising a total of 120 variables to compare Pakistan with 96 other
developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. These countries
are ranked on scales of these indices by using the Wroclaw Taxonomic
Method and are grouped on the basis of similarities with the help of a
clustering technique. Pakistan seems to have achieved a reasonable
degree of success in both social and economic areas but her performance
in the latter is more pronounced.