Relasi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan di Ruang Domestik dan Publik Menurut Pemahaman Elit Pesantren Salafiyyah di Jambi
Authors: Yuliatin Yuliatin 
Published: July 2020

Kajian ini hendak melihat fenomena ajaran Salafi tentang kesetaraan gender. Sebagaimana diketahui, secara umum pemahaman ajaran Salafi cenderung memandang peran perempuan secara terbatas, baik di ruang domestik dan ruang publik. Fenomena tersebut mengakar kuat hingga dipraktekkan dalam basis pendidikan pesantren Salafiyyah. Namun demikian, terjadi pergeseran paham di kalangan elit pesantren Salafiyyah di Jambi, di mana, mereka mulai memberikan ruang kepada perempuan untuk berinteraksi di ruang publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Fokus penelitian dilaksanakan di dua Pesantren Salafi, al Baqiyatush Shalihat di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat dan Sa’adatuddarain di Seberang Kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Pertama, secara umum kaum Salafi di kedua Pesantren memahami adanya kesetaraan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Mereka mengartikulasikan ayat-ayat al- Qur’an lebih luwes. Namun, dalam persoalan kepemimpinan perempuan, mereka masih “membatasi” dengan berasumsi bahwa Qs. An-Nisa: 34 sudah final. Kedua, terjadi perubahan dalam memahami isu gender terutama di Pesantren al Baqiyatush-Shalihat, di mana, mereka lebih moderat dengan memberikan akses kepada perempuan untuk beraktivitas di ruang publik, seperti untuk sekolah, kuliah hingga bekerja. Hal yang berbeda ditemukan di Pesantren Sa’adatuddarain. Kalangan elit pesentren belum memberikan kebebasan kepada perempuan untuk melakukan aktivitas di luar pesantren. Ketiga, pemahaman elit pesantren Salafi tidak berpengaruh di lingkungan sekitar pesantren, terbukti para perempuan di sekitar pesantren tetap aktif berkegiatan di ruang publik sebagaimana pemahaman moderasi Islam selama ini.[This study wants to look at the phenomenon of Salafi teachings on gender equality. In general, the Salafis see the role of women is limited, both in the domestic and public sphere. This phenomenon is so deeply rooted that it is practiced on the basis of the Salafiyyah Islamic boarding school. However, there was a shift in understanding among the Salafiyyah pesantren elite in Jambi, in which they began to provide space for women to interact in the public sphere. This study uses a qualitative approach and collects the data through observation, interviews and documentation. The focus of the study was conducted at two Salafi Pesantren, al Baqiyatush Shalihat in Tanjung Jabung Barat District and Sa’adatuddarain in Seberang, Jambi City. The results show that : First, in general, the Salafis in both Pesantren understand the existence of equality between men and women. They articulate verses of the Qur’an more flexible. However, in the case of women’s leadership, they still “limit” women, by assuming that the interpretation of Qs. An-Nisa: 34 is final. Secondly, there has been a change in understanding gender issues especially in al Baqiyatush-Shalihat Islamic Boarding School, where they are more moderate by giving access to women to do activities in public spaces, such as for schools, going to university and working. Different thing is found in the Sa’adatuddarain Islamic Boarding School. The elite Pesantren have not given freedom to women to carry out activities outside the Pesantren. Third, the understanding of the Salafi Pesantren elite does not affect the environment around the Pesantren. Itt is a fact that the women around the Pesantren remain active in public spaces as it is found in moderate Islam.]