bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drawing Out the Essentials: Historiographic Annotation as a Textual Network
Authors: Nicoll-Johnson Evan
Published: May 2019

During the Liu-Song 劉宋 dynasty (420–79), Pei Songzhi 裴松之 (372–451) compiled an elaborate set of annotations to the history of the Three Kingdoms era, Sanguozhi 三國志. Several decades later, during the Liang 梁 dynasty (502–57), Liu Xiaobiao 劉孝標 (462–521) compiled similar annotations for Shishuo xinyu 世說新語, a collection of pithy anecdotes concerning prominent figures from the Han through Jin dynasties. These annotations were products of a new era of textual production, in which fervent interest in historiography and book collecting reached new heights. Though building on earlier traditions of commentary and exegesis, the influence of this newly expanded network of textual circulation can be seen in the sheer variety of sources Pei and Liu cite, as well as in their meticulous and unprecedented attention to bibliographic detail. This has made it possible to use their annotations to trace the compilers and titles of hundreds of texts that would otherwise be completely unknown. Relying on this wealth of information, earlier studies have tabulated the titles of all cited sources to create lengthy bibliographies. But in doing so, they divorce this bibliographic information from the context in which it was originally embedded. This study uses data mined from these annotations to create a series of network diagrams, which illustrate how citations of older texts create connections among the various chapters of the two texts to which they were appended. By considering the networks of textual relationships created through annotation, this study reveals the importance of otherwise marginalized texts in the construction of historiographic knowledge and sheds new light on how scholars of the early medieval period made use of, and made sense of, the increasingly vast sea of text to which they had access.
Visualizing Alternative Literary Canons in Ming Dynasty China (1368–1644): A Preliminary Case Study
Authors: Clifford Timothy
Published: May 2019

Well over one hundred classical essay anthologies were published during the printing boom in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Ming dynasty China. These anthologies testify to a voracious appetite for “ancient-style prose” (guwen) among the expanding reading public, and their contents represent a valuable resource for studying the formation of taste during this crucial moment in literary history. But how are we to compare the contents of such a large group of anthologies, when each individual anthology contains at least a few hundred individual selections? How might such a method clarify or revise our understanding of Ming literary culture? This article describes how Gephi was used to compare the contents of thirty-four anthologies and visualize clusters of anthologies corresponding to distinct editorial strategies. The author argues that the synchronic and diachronic relationships among these clusters suggest a new way of narrating Ming literary history in terms of successive waves of alternative canon building, each wave representing a new critique of the civil service examination curriculum's overriding focus on model examination essays. He also shows that, whereas the Qin-Han and transdynastic canons were first promulgated in a mix of government and commercial anthologies, the xiaopin 小品 (informal essay) canon was purely the invention of early seventeenth-century commercial printers.
Rapid clearance of cellular debris by microglia limits secondary neuronal cell death after brain injury in vivo
Authors: Herzog Chiara , Pons Garcia Laura , Keatinge Marcus , Greenald David , Moritz Christian , Peri Francesca , Herrgen Leah
Published: May 2019

Moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes widespread neuronal cell death. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, react to injury by migrating to the lesion site, where they phagocytose cellular debris. Microglial phagocytosis can have both beneficial (e.g. debris clearance) and detrimental (e.g. respiratory burst, phagoptosis) consequences. Hence, whether the overall effect of microglial phagocytosis after brain injury in vivo is neuroprotective or neurotoxic is not known. Here, we establish a system with which to carry out dynamic real-time analyses of the mechanisms regulating cell death after brain injury in vivo. We show that mechanical injury to the larval zebrafish brain induces distinct phases of primary and secondary cell death. Excitotoxicity contributes to secondary cell death in zebrafish, reflecting findings from mammals. Microglia arrive at the lesion site within minutes of injury, where they rapidly engulf dead cells. Importantly, the rate of secondary cell death is increased when the rapid removal of cellular debris by microglia is reduced pharmacologically or genetically. In summary, our results provide evidence that microglial debris clearance is neuroprotective after brain injury in vivo.
Primary wall cellulose synthase regulates shoot apical meristem mechanics and growth
Authors: Sampathkumar Arun , Peaucelle Alexis , Fujita Miki , Schuster Christoph , Persson Staffan , Wasteneys Geoffrey O. , Meyerowitz Elliot M.
Published: May 2019

How organisms attain their specific shapes and modify their growth patterns in response to environmental and chemical signals has been the subject of many investigations. Plant cells are at high turgor pressure, and are surrounded by a rigid yet flexible cell wall, which is the primary determinant of plant growth and morphogenesis. Cellulose microfibrils, synthesized by plasma membrane-localized cellulose synthase complexes, are major tension-bearing components of the cell wall that mediate directional growth. Despite advances in understanding genetic and biophysical regulation of morphogenesis, direct studies on cellulose biosynthesis and its impact on morphogenesis of different cell and tissue types are largely lacking. In this study, we take advantage of mutants of three primary cellulose synthase (CESA) genes that are involved in primary wall cellulose synthesis. Using field emission scanning electron microscopy, live cell imaging and biophysical measurements, we aimed to understand how the primary wall CESA complex acts during shoot apical meristem development. Our results indicate that cellulose biosynthesis impacts the mechanics and growth of the shoot apical meristem.
Heterotypic contact inhibition of locomotion can drive cell sorting between epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations
Authors: Brayford Simon , Kenny Fiona N. , Hiratsuka Toru , Serna-Morales Eduardo , Yolland Lawrence , Luchici Andrei , Stramer Brian M.
Published: May 2019

Interactions between different cell types can induce distinct contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) responses that are hypothesised to control population-wide behaviours during embryogenesis. However, our understanding of the signals that lead to cell-type specific repulsion and the precise capacity of heterotypic CIL responses to drive emergent behaviours is lacking. Using a new model of heterotypic CIL, we show that fibrosarcoma cells, but not fibroblasts, are actively repelled by epithelial cells in culture. We show that knocking down EphB2 or ERK in fibrosarcoma cells specifically leads to disruption of the repulsion phase of CIL in response to interactions with epithelial cells. We also examine the population-wide effects when these various cell combinations are allowed to interact in culture. Unlike fibroblasts, fibrosarcoma cells completely segregate from epithelial cells and inhibiting their distinct CIL response by knocking down EphB2 or ERK family proteins also disrupts this emergent sorting behaviour. These data suggest that heterotypic CIL responses, in conjunction with processes such as differential adhesion, may aid the sorting of cell populations.
Are evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques performed in low-resource countries?
Authors: Labrecque Michel
Published: May 2019

Background:  Research evidence published 10 to 15 years ago has shown that the type of vasectomy surgical technique performed can influence the effectiveness and the safety of the procedure.  The objective of this study was to determine if evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques are integrated in the vasectomy programs of selected low-resource countries.

Methods: The surgical techniques recommended to perform the two steps of the vasectomy procedure (isolation/exposition and occlusion of the vas deferens) were extracted from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Documents describing male sterilisation standards and practice from Kenya, Rwanda, India, Nepal, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia and Haiti were reviewed to assess adequacy with international guideline recommendations.

Results: Best recommended techniques are 1) a minimally invasive technique including the no-scalpel technique (known as the no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV)) to isolate and expose the vas deferens, and 2) cautery of the mucosa of the vas preferably combined with interposition of the fascia (FI) to occlude the vas deferens. The NSV is largely adopted and performed to isolate the vas in selected low-resources countries. Ligation and excision (LE) of a small segment of the vas deferens combined with FI is the most common vas occlusion technique mentioned in the country standards. Cautery as recommended in the guidelines is seldom used in selected countries.

Conclusions:   Effective and adapted vasectomy vas occlusion techniques are available, but are still underused in many low-resource countries. Providing the most effective vasectomy surgical techniques increases users’ confidence and satisfaction regarding male sterilization and may lead to higher acceptability and uptake.
TRUMPF Uses a Mixed Integer Model as Decision Support for Strategic Production Network Design
Authors: Ziegler Moritz Julius , Seifried Kilian , Kuske Philipp , Fleischmann Moritz
Published: May 2019

To examine the effects of product reallocations within the TRUMPF production network, the authors developed a mixed integer linear programming model of the firm’s network. This model permits both scenario analysis and optimization.
Practice Summary: Mikesell’s Implements a Scheduling Tool to Improve Operating Efficiency
Authors: Gorman Michael , Wilker Zack , Campbell Steve , Stiffler Patrick
Published: May 2019

Short abstract: The authors discuss their development of an Excel-based tool that allows Mikesell’s Snack Food Company to plan and monitor production, allocate resources, and evaluate investment opportunities.
Infections of the hand: an overview
Authors: Flevas Dimitrios A. , Syngouna Sophia , Fandridis Emmanouel , Tsiodras Sotirios , Mavrogenis Andreas F.
Published: May 2019

Infections of the hand are common entities that are frequently encountered by orthopaedic surgeons and primary care physicians. A high clinical suspicion and a thorough medical history with information about the social and working history of the patients, correct identification of the type and cause of the infection, and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment by the infectious diseases physicians and orthopaedic surgeons are required. Late diagnosis and inappropriate treatment may be a significant cause of morbidity for the hand and mortality for the patients. This article reviews the clinical spectrum and microbiology of the most common infections of the hand, and discusses the current concepts for their treatment. The aim is to increase the awareness of the treating physicians of the diagnosis and management of infections in the hand.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:183-193. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180082
Learning with computers: Generating insights into the development of cognitive tools using cultural historical activity theory
Authors: Tan Seng-Chee
Published: May 2019

Using computers as cognitive tools or mindtools has created impact in education since their introduction in the 1990s. One main characteristic is the notion of learning with computers as intellectual partners: engaging learners in higher level thinking while taking away the lower level cognitive load such as computing and digital storage. In recent years, the element of social interactions has been integrated, leading to the development of social cognitive tools or social mindtools. However, the differences between and underlying values of these applications may not be apparent. This article applies cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) to analyse these developments so as to generate insights into the nuanced differences among various applications, including the roles of computers in distributed cognition within an activity system. CHAT can be applied to analyse contradictions within and beyond an activity system, which can help to identify opportunities for innovation and enhancement to the system.
Burza we frazeologii czeskiej
Authors: Balowska Grażyna
Published: May 2019

Przedmiotem analizy są jednostki frazeologiczne prezentujące obraz burzy jako zjawiska meteorologicznego w języku czeskim. Przedstawione zostały frazeologizmy z nadrzędnym komponentem bouřka i komponentami blesk, hrom, vítr, określającymi zjawiska towarzyszące burzy, stanowiące równocześnie jej podstawowe oznaki utrwalone w języku. Omówione w artykule jednostki frazeologiczne służą wyrażaniu głównie negatywnego wartościowania, które wypływa z ludzkiego doświadczenia, z kontaktu z groźnymi zjawiskami przyrodniczymi. Opisują one przede wszystkim cechy fizyczne człowieka, jego zachowania, emocje oraz relacje międzyludzkie, rzadziej natomiast elementy otaczającego świata, i utrwalają takie cechy przypisywane zjawiskom burzowym, jak: ‘głośny’, ‘niespokojny’, ‘gwałtowny’, ‘gniewny’, ‘nagły’, ‘bardzo szybki’, ‘niebezpieczny’, ‘niszczący’.
A novel chemical-consolidation sand control composition: Foam amino resin system
Authors: Shang Xiaosen , Bai Yingrui , Wang Zengbao , Wang Quan , Dong Changyin
Published: May 2019

A novel chemical-consolidation method based foam amino resin system of sand control systems in the oilfield is reported. This sand control technique is more superior to the conventional method owing to its advantages such as the outstanding resistance and lower density as well as simple process preparation. The apparent density of the foam resin system ranges from 0.528 g/cm3 to 0.634 g/cm3 at room temperature. Moreover, the system has excellent foaming properties and excellent compatibility with the formation fluids. In addition, the foam amino resin sand consolidation system was optimized and investigated. Simultaneously, the sand-fixing performance of the foam resin system was comprehensively assessed. The optimized conditions are as follows: curing temperature, 60°C; curing time, 12 h; consolidated core compressive strength, 6.28 MPa. Furthermore, the consolidated core showed remarkable resistance to the formation fluids. In summary, the foam resin system effectively met the requirements of the sand control and the horizontal wells in the oilfield.
Properties of carbon black-PEDOT composite prepared via in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization
Authors: Xie Yong , Zhang Shi-Hao , Jiang Hai-Yun , Zeng Hui , Wu Ruo-Mei , Chen Hong , Gao Ya-Fang , Huang Yi-Yang , Bai Hai-Long
Published: May 2019

A new conductive composite composed of nanoscale carbon black (CB) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was prepared by a simple in-situ polymerization. The morphology of the composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The structure and thermal stability were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of CB improved the agglomerated state of PEDOT. On the one hand, CB effectively hindered the agglomeration of PEDOT during the polymerization. Thus, the obtained CB-PEDOT composite dispersed well in solution, which can facilitate the reprocessing of CB-PEDOT. On the other hand, CB covered most of the surface of PEDOT, which enhanced the electrical conductivity of CB-PEDOT. Furthermore, the interfacial interaction between CB and PEDOT improved the thermal stability of CB-PEDOT. The findings of this research suggest that CB can replace polyelectrolyte poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) to achieve reprocessable materials for certain applications.
En torno al estudio hispánico de la microficción contemporánea: objeciones a la consideración del microrrelato como texto narrativo
Authors: Vázquez Jorge Gómez
Published: May 2019

En este estudio exponemos ciertas objeciones sobre la concepción del microrrelato como texto narrativo, pues la particular narratividad del fenómeno aludido, también denominado minicuento o minificción, no resulta acorde con aquella delimitación, tanto por los frecuentes casos de elisión parcial o completa de la secuencia textual narrativa, por ejemplo, como por los constantes casos de hibridez narrativa entremezclada de elementos no narrativos. En este sentido, la denominación de microficción resulta un término más distintivo, integral e idóneo para este singular género estudiado.
El discurso (pre)ensayístico en los inicios del pensamiento económico español (1600–1795): la deixis de primera persona
Authors: Méndez Orense María
Published: May 2019

Con este trabajo, pretendemos hacer una nueva aportación a la descripción lingüística del género ensayístico hispánico en sus primeras etapas históricas. En concreto, el objetivo es delimitar los valores pragmático-discursivos que adquieren las formas deícticas de primera persona y hacer hincapié en los cambios evolutivos que se aprecian en la franja temporal acotada (1600–1795). Para este fin se analiza un corpus formado por ocho textos pertenecientes a una tradición discursiva, cuya finalidad perlocutiva es impulsar una serie de medidas de reforma económica que resuelvan los problemas financieros del país.
Por qué no hacemos (una) mención como hacemos (una) colección
Authors: Pérez Rafael García
Published: May 2019

Las combinaciones de los sustantivos mención y colección con el verbo hacer no dan lugar a construcciones idénticas. De ahí que no podamos separar las estructuras determinadas y estructuras no determinadas como si dieran lugar, en todos los casos, a construcciones sintáctico-semánticas homogéneas. Las diferencias entre hacer (una) mención y hacer (una) colección están íntimamente ligadas al carácter predicativo o argumental de los sustantivos, lo que, a su vez, encuentra su explicación en causas históricas. De hecho, los dos sustantivos han evolucionado de manera bastante diferente a partir de sus étimos latinos.
Open Access in the Economic Sphere but Restricted Access in the Political Sphere: The Experience of Singapore
Authors: Yu Guanghua
Published: May 2019

This article uses the case of Singapore to argue that the theory of open access order advocated by North and his colleagues provides one possible option only. Although their theory of open access order explains the West relatively well, it does not always apply to contemporary non-Western countries. Similar to the cases of India and Japan examined elsewhere, the case of Singapore shows that what is more important to economic and human development is the open access in the economic sphere and the interconnected institutions in the area of property rights protection and contract enforcement, financial market, rule of law, and human resource accumulation. In other words, countries without open access in the political sphere as practiced in Singapore may also be able to achieve a great deal of success in terms of economic and human development if they ensure open access in the economic sphere and devote adequate resources to establishing the necessary interconnected institutions examined in this article. Further research elsewhere on China will similarly demonstrate this insight.
Physicochemical Properties of Oxalic Acid-Modified Chitosan/Neem Leave Composites from Pessu River Crab Shell
Authors: Asokogene Oluwadayo Francis , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad , Idris Misau Muhammad , Abdulsalam Surajudeen , Usman Aliyu El-Nafaty
Published: May 2019

This study was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of chitosan from Pessu river crab shell and its derivatives as prospective adsorbent. The synthesized chitosan (CH) was modified with 10 % (w/v) oxalic acid (CHOx), while the composites (CHOx-ANL1, CHOx-ANL2 and CHOx-ANL3) were designated according to the amount of activated neem leave (ANL). The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermal gravimetric (TGA) and methylene blue dye adsorption. The FTIR spectra of chitosan samples show the characteristics of primary and secondary amine/amide groups. The SEM images exhibit a tight, porous and fractured surface, which is covered with activated neem leave for the composites. The BET surface area of chitosan materials is in the increasing order of, CH < CHOx-ANL1 < CHOx-ANL2 < CHOx < CHOx-ANL3. CHOx-ANL3 displays a higher surface area of 389 m2/g, and 70.9 % mesoporosity. Despite its lower surface area of 258 m2/g (65.4 % mesoporosity), CHOx-ANL1 exhibits a greater methylene blue adsorption of 90.8 mg/g at dye concentration of 300 mg/L. The possible removal mechanisms include ionic interaction between dye molecules and functional groups, and surface adsorption due to the textural properties of chitosan samples. Chitosan from Pessu river crab shell and its derivatives are promising adsorbent candidate for dyes and heavy metals removal from water.
Sprachtransfer aus dem Englischen bei chinesischen Deutschlernenden – eine quantitative Studie
Authors: QI Dongdong
Published: May 2019

In der heutigen Welt lernen immer mehr Leute mehr als eine Fremdsprache. In China lernt man in der Regel Englisch als seine erste Fremdsprache schon in der Grundschule, Mittelschule und Oberschule. Manche Studierende lernen erst an der Universität eine neue Fremdsprache. Das Englische und das Deutsche stammen beide aus der indoeuropäischen Sprachfamilie. Die Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den beiden Sprachen beeinflussen den Prozess des Deutschlernens. Das nennt sich Sprachtransfer. Dieser Sprachtransfer kann dabei entweder positiv oder negativ sein. Die vorliegende Studie lehnt sich an die Theorie vom Sprachtransfer an. Eine kontrastive Analyse zwischen Deutsch und Englisch wird auf der Ebene der Phonetik, Morphologie und Syntax eingeleitet. Um Kenntnisse darüber zu erlangen, wie die Deutschlernenden den Sprachtransfer selbst einschätzen, wurde eine Umfrage durchgeführt. Die gesammelten Daten wurden mithilfe des Programms Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) bewertet. Die Korrelation zwischen der Zeitdauer des Deutschlernens und dem Sprachtransfer aus dem Englischen wurde erforscht. Auf dieser Basis wird diskutiert, wie man mit Deutsch und Englisch umgehen und Deutsch effizient lernen kann.
Random walk on rectangles and parallelepipeds algorithm for solving transient anisotropic drift-diffusion-reaction problems
Authors: Sabelfeld Karl K.
Published: May 2019

In this paper a random walk on arbitrary rectangles (2D) and parallelepipeds (3D) algorithm
is developed for solving transient anisotropic
drift-diffusion-reaction equations. The method is meshless, both in space and time.
The approach is based on a rigorous representation
of the first passage time and exit point distributions for arbitrary rectangles and parallelepipeds.
The probabilistic representation is then transformed to a form convenient for
stochastic simulation. The method can be used to calculate fluxes to any desired part of the boundary,
from arbitrary sources. A global version of the method we call here as a stochastic expansion from cell to cell (SECC) algorithm for calculating the whole solution field
is suggested. Application of this method to solve a system of transport equations for electrons and holes
in a semicoductor is discussed. This system consists of the continuity equations for particle densities and a Poisson equation
for electrostatic potential.
To validate the method we have derived a series of exact solutions of the drift-diffusion-reaction
problem in a three-dimensional layer presented in the last section in details.
Topologically protected entangled photonic states
Authors: Wang Michelle , Doyle Cooper , Bell Bryn , Collins Matthew J. , Magi Eric , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Segev Mordechai , Blanco-Redondo Andrea
Published: May 2019

Entangled multiphoton states lie at the heart of quantum information, computing, and communications. In recent years, topology has risen as a new avenue to robustly transport quantum states in the presence of fabrication defects, disorder, and other noise sources. Whereas topological protection of single photons and correlated photons has been recently demonstrated experimentally, the observation of topologically protected entangled states has thus far remained elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the topological protection of spatially entangled biphoton states. We observe robustness in crucial features of the topological biphoton correlation map in the presence of deliberately introduced disorder in the silicon nanophotonic structure, in contrast with the lack of robustness in non-topological structures. The topological protection is shown to ensure the coherent propagation of the entangled topological modes, which may lead to robust propagation of quantum information in disordered systems.
Not a fact: A synchronic analysis of el hecho de and o facto de
Authors: Amaral Patrícia , Delicado Cantero Manuel
Published: May 2019

This paper provides empirical evidence showing that the clause-taking nominals el hecho de (Spanish) and o facto de (Portuguese) are not reliable tests of factivity of predicates, as commonly assumed in the literature. Naturally occurring data from both languages show that these nominals are compatible with a wide range of predicates and that they occur in sentences with both factive and non-factive interpretations. Our findings contribute to the debate on the syntactic and semantic properties of clause-taking nominal constructions, clausal nominalization in Ibero-Romance, and to current research on the nature of factivity.
On the performance of information criteria for model identification of count time series
Authors: Weiß Christian H. , Feld Martin H.-J.M.
Published: May 2019

Model fitting for count time series is of great relevance for many economic applications. Here, we focus on the step of model selection, where information criteria like AIC and BIC are commonly used in practice. Previous studies about their model selection abilities concentrated on real-valued time series, but here, we comprehensively investigate AIC and BIC in a count time series context. In our simulations, we consider diverse scenarios of model selection, like the identification of serial (in)dependence, overdispersion, zero inflation or a trend, the order selection within a given model family as well as the model selection also across model families. We apply our findings to economic count time series about monthly numbers of strikes in the US, and about monthly numbers of corporate insolvencies in the districts of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Fatigue Crack Initiation Life Prediction of the Rubber Damper Based on Seq-N Curve of Rubber Material
Authors: Dong Yifeng , Yao Xuefeng , Li Jinshan , Shen Yun , Wu Ruifeng , Ke Yuchao
Published: May 2019

In this article, the fatigue crack initiation life of the rubber damper is predicted based on the Seq−N curve of rubber material. First, the general expression of the equivalent stress Seq and the fatigue crack initiation life Nf of rubber material are derived under different stress states. Second, the fatigue crack initiation life of a dumbbell-type rubber specimen under different tension strains are measured, and the fatigue parameters of the rubber material are obtained by fitting the experimental results under the uniaxial stress condition. Thus, the equivalent stresses Seq of the dangerous node in the rubber damper are obtained under different working conditions by means of the finite element numerical model. Finally, the fatigue lives of the rubber dampers are obtained by combining the general expressions of the fatigue crack initiation life Nf of rubber material with the equivalent stress Seq of the dangerous node, which are closer to the fatigue crack initiation life experimental results of the rubber damper than the fatigue life obtained based on the εGL,max−N curve. The results indicate the effectiveness for predicting the fatigue crack initiation life of the rubber damper based on the Seq−N curve of the rubber material.
TEXTO DE MAR E TERRA: O CASO DO GUIA DOS BANHISTAS, 1890 – RIO GRANDE/RS
Authors: Ferreira Felipe Nobrega
Published: May 2019

O Guia dos Banhistas – Informações sobre a praia de banhos da Villa Sequeira era entregue na chegada dos passageiros à estação férrea, e também possuía cópias nas dependências do único hotel desse balneário inventado no ano de 1890, na cidade de Rio Grand/RS. Dessa forma, o presente analisa tal documento buscando evidenciar as representações que são elaboradas, e acionadas, tanto nos modos de ler, como na criação de um repertório de sensibilidades que se forjaram a partir dessa intersecção, até então inédita no território brasileiro, entre natureza litorânea e cultura. Por fim, do processo de desmontagem desse material, será possível encontrar uma praia que está para além do texto, e prende-se mesmo ao universo das representações, que dotam de sentido a existência do Guia, e também fornecem vestígios para o que chamamos de sensibilidades ambientais, as quais se constituiriam a partir dessa liminaridade permanente entre mar e terra.
Predictors of Refugee Adjustment: The Importance of Cognitive Skills and Personality
Authors: Hahn Elisabeth , Richter David , Schupp Jürgen , Back Mitja D.
Published: May 2019

In light of the recent worldwide migration of refugees, determinants of a more or less successful integration are heavily discussed, but reliable empirical investigations are scarce and have often focused on sociodemographic factors. In the present study, we explore the role of several individual characteristics for refugee adjustment in the areas of (a) institutional, (b) interpersonal and (c) intrapersonal adaptation. In a sample of 4,527 refugees (M = 33.6 years, 38% women), we investigated the effect of sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, months in Germany, religious affiliation), cognitive factors (cognitive ability, educational history, language skills, integration-course participation), and personality (locus of control, risk appetite, willingness to reciprocity) on adjustment parameters. Both, cognitive skills (especially language skills) and personality, showed incremental validity beyond sociodemographic factors for refugee adjustment comparable across contextual factors. Even with respect to contextual factors such as residency status and living situation, results remained largely stable. The study provides first hints on the importance of personality, thereby providing important implications for understanding integration processes and optimizing interventions on personal, social, and societal levels.
Diabetes care in pediatric refugees from Africa or Middle East: experiences from Germany and Austria based on real-world data from the DPV registry
Authors: Prinz Nicole , Konrad Katja , Brack Christoph , Hahn Eva , Herbst Antje , Icks Andrea , Grulich-Henn Jürgen , Jorch Norbert , Kastendieck Christian , Mönkemöller Kirsten , Razum Oliver , Steigleder-Schweiger Claudia , Witsch Michael , Holl Reinhard W , _ _
Published: May 2019

Objective

With increasing migration to Europe, diabetes diagnosis and treatment of refugees became challenging. To describe the current experience with pediatric refugees in Germany and Austria.

Design and Methods

43,137 patients (<21 years) with type 1 diabetes from the diabetes patient follow-up registry (DPV) were studied and divided by refugee status into patients born in Middle East (n = 365) or Africa (n = 175) and native patients (child and parents born in Germany/Austria; G/A: n = 42,597). Groups were compared using multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex and diabetes duration (SAS 9.4). In refugees the first year after arrival was studied, and for native children the most recent year of care.

Results

After adjustment, HbA1c was highest in refugees (1. ME and 2. AFR vs 3. G/A: 72.3 ± 1.0 and 75.0 ± 1.4 vs 66.0 ± 0.1 mmol/mol, 1 vs 3: P < 0.001 and 2 vs 3: P < 0.001) and microalbuminuria (9.9 and 13.6 vs 6.5%, 1 vs 3: P = 0.039 and 2 vs 3: P = 0.002) was more prevalent. African children experienced severe hypoglycemia (17.8 ± 4.3 and 25.4 ± 8.7 vs 11.5 ± 0.3 per 100 patient years, 1 vs 3: P > 0.05 and 2 vs 3: P = 0.045) significantly more often, whereas hypoglycemia with coma (5.1 ± 1.1 and 4.1 ± 1.6 vs 2.6 ± 0.1 per 100 patient years, 1 vs 3: P = 0.006 and 2 vs 3: P > 0.05) and retinopathy (2.1 and n/a vs 0.2%, 1 vs 3: P < 0.001) were significantly more common in children from Middle East compared to natives. Insulin pumps were used in a markedly larger proportion of native patients (7.4 and 13.2 vs 43.0%, 1 vs 3: P < 0.001 and 2 vs 3: P < 0.001).

Conclusions

A relevant number of pediatric refugees with type 1 diabetes are treated in German/Austrian diabetes clinics. Refugee children, parents and caregivers are faced with several problems in diabetes therapy and outcome that should be addressed more intensively by pediatric diabetes teams.
Acute intravenous acyl ghrelin infusion induces thirst but does not affect sodium excretion: two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies in hypopituitary patients
Authors: Vestergaard Esben T , Møller Niels , Andersen René Frydensbjerg , Rittig Søren , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde
Published: May 2019

Objective

Acyl ghrelin, which is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, potently stimulates pituitary growth hormone release, and to some degree adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin. Ghrelin is also orexigenic and has recently been shown to stimulate renal sodium absorption in rodent models. Increased thirst sensation has been observed as a side effect of acyl ghrelin administration in some human studies. The objective of this clinical trial was to investigate the direct effects of acyl ghrelin on thirst sensation and sodium excretion in hypopituitary patients.

Design

Hypopituitary patients on stable replacement with hydrocortisone and growth hormone were investigated in two double-blind and placebo-controlled crossover studies. The patients received a 5-h intravenous infusion of acyl ghrelin (5 pmol/kg/min in the first study and 1 pmol/kg/min in the second study). Thirst sensation was measured on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In the second study plasma osmolality, vasopressin, copeptin, water intake, diuresis and urinary excretion of sodium and creatinine were measured.

Results

In the initial study, acyl ghrelin (5 pmol/kg/min) increased thirst sensation (time × treatment analysis of variance for the effect of acyl ghrelin infusion P = 0.003). In the second study acyl ghrelin (1 pmol/kg/min) also increased thirst (P = 0.04) but did not affect urinary excretion of either sodium or water.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that acyl ghrelin infusion increases thirst sensation, without affecting sodium excretion or diuresis in human subjects.
Injury Incidence in Youth, High School, and NCAA Men’s Lacrosse
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Roos Karen G. , Lincoln Andrew E. , Morris Sarah , Yeargin Susan W. , Grant Jon , Covassin Tracey , Dodge Thomas , Nittoli Vincent C. , Mensch James , Quetant Sara L. , Wasserman Erin B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Caswell Shane V.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:

We compared injury incidence and mechanisms among youth, high school (HS), and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) boys’ and men’s lacrosse athletes for the 2014–2015 to 2016–2017 lacrosse seasons.

METHODS:

Multiple injury surveillance systems were used to capture 21 youth boys’, 22 HS boys’, and 20 NCAA men’s lacrosse team-seasons of data during the 2014–2015 to 2016–2017 seasons. Athletic trainers reported game and practice injuries and athlete exposures (AEs). Injuries included those occurring during a game and/or practice and requiring evaluation from an athletic trainer and/or physician. Injury counts, rates per 1000 AEs, and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

RESULTS:

The injury rate in youth was higher than those reported in HS (10.3 vs 5.3 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.6–2.4) and the NCAA (10.3 vs 4.7 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.9–2.5). When considering time loss injuries only (restricted participation of ≥24 hours), the injury rate in youth was lower than those reported in HS (2.0 vs 2.9 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.95) and the NCAA (2.0 vs 3.3 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8). The concussion rate in youth was higher than those in HS (0.7 vs 0.3 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.2) and the NCAA (0.7 vs 0.3 per 1000 AEs; IRR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.7). Injuries at the youth, HS, and NCAA levels were most commonly associated with stick contact, inflammatory conditions (including bursitis, tendonitis, and other unspecified inflammation), and noncontact mechanisms, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the time loss injury rate was lowest in youth boys’ lacrosse, the concussion rate was the highest. Injury prevention approaches should be specific to the mechanisms associated with each level of play (eg, equipment skill development in youth).
THE SWEET ICES FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Kozonova J. , Telegenko L. , Salavelis A.
Published: May 2019

Daily food consumption norms of an average woman and a pregnant woman have been analysed. It has been established that in a pregnant woman’s diet, it is necessary to increase the content of proteins, fibre, vitamins C, E, D, PP, and B, and reduce fats, carbohydrates (easily digestible), vitamins B5 and H, sodium, magnesium, salts, and water. Taking into account the above-mentioned requirements, eight recipe compositions of sweet ices based on plant raw materials have been suggested. The recipes were selected by linear programming using MS Excel. The products have a low calorific content (26–137 kcal per 80 g), and an increased nutritional value (due to vitamin C, carotene, etc.). For the first time, cereals, various types of seeds, nuts, have been put into the recipe of sweet ices, as well as raw materials, which eliminate physiological complications during pregnancy. The products developed differ in their composition and are made without sugar. However, some recipes include small quantities of honey as it is highly palatable. The chemical composition of the new sweet products has been studied and analysed in details and sugar/acid indices have been calculated. The developed ices have a slightly acidic taste or no acidity at all, which corresponds to the values of sugar/acid indices 13.4–26.6, while the sample from the store, selected for comparison, contains a large amount of sugars, as evidenced by the cloying taste and high sugar/acid index (more than 30). The source of fatty acids in sweet ice for pregnant women Joy is almond nuts. The results of the chromatographic study have shown that this product as for the quantitative fatty acid composition, meets the current requirements. We recommend introducing the sweet ice manufacture technology on the equipment already in use in canneries. The products are formed (poured into moulds where wooden sticks are then inserted) in a Hassia machine. One of the main operations, freezing, is done in a quick freezer GyroFreze. We also recommend manufacturing sweet ices using existing restaurant equipment.
THE INFLUENCE OF TANNIN PREPARATIONS ON THE CONTENT AND FORM OF ANTHOCYANINS OF MODEL WINE SYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF INDUCED OXIDATION
Authors: Bilko М. , Ishchenko М. , Tsyhankova О. , Yakovenko Т. , Кyrpel Т.
Published: May 2019

The article considers how oenological tannins effect on the content of anthocyanins, phenolic substances, and their forms that influence the stability of the colour of rosé and red wines. The research material was wine model systems that underwent induced oxidation for a week at a temperature of 45±5 °C with limited access of air. Tannins of different botanical origin were used in the study: hydrolyzable ones – Oaktan FU (oak wood), Tannal W4 (Tara pods), CW Tannal (chestnut wood), and Tannal W2 (gallnuts); and condensed ones – Tannin WG (grape stones), Taniraisin (grape skin), Tannal QW (quebracho wood). The source of anthocyanins was an alcohol extract from the skins of European red grapes. It was obtained by 24 hours long extraction with ethyl alcohol, and with the addition of hydrochloric acid (0.01%). It has been determined that in the course of induced oxidation, the content of phenolic compounds tends to decrease in a wavelike manner in all samples. The anthocyanin content reduces intensively and becomes practically twice as low on the first day of oxidation. The total amount of phenolic compounds becomes 2 to 6 times lower depending on the variant of the experiment. It has been established that condensed tannins of grape origin contribute to the preservation of the total content of phenolic substances (including anthocyanins) in wine, unlike hydrolyzable tannins obtained from other plants. But their application leads to polymerization of anthocyanins, which will result in the appearance of yellow-brown pigments in the red colour of wine. Hydrolyzable tannins obtained from gallnuts and tara trees preserve the red colour of wine for a long time, unlike condensed tannins, due to their antioxidant capacity. Hydrolyzable tannins obtained from tara and quebracho trees will help obtain wine with rich red shades.
OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF MAYONNAISE SUPPLEMENTED WITH ESSENTIAL OIL OF ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM SSP MILLEFOLIUM DURING STORAGE
Authors: Ahmadi-Dastgerdi Asiye , Ezzatpanah Hamid , Asgary Sedighe , Dokhani Shahram , Rahimi Ebrahim , Gholami-Ahangaran Majid
Published: May 2019

Lipid oxidation is the main chemical process affecting mayonnaise deterioration. Today, essential oils from aromatic plants have been qualified as natural antioxidants and proposed as potential substitutes of synthetic antioxidants in food products. In this research, antioxidant activity of Achillea millefolium essential oil was determined based on oxidative stability of treated mayonnaise (homogenized) during 6 months of storage at 4°C. The following analysis were performed: peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), Totox value and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to assess the extent of oil deterioration. Mayonnaise samples were divided into three experimental treatments, namely: E.O (essential oil in concentrations: 3.83, 5.85 and 7.2 mg/ml), T (TBHQ in concentration: 0.12 mg/ml) and C (control: no antioxidant). Subsequently, the samples from each treatment were stored at 4 oC. The results showed that the treatments containing essential oil and TBHQ significantly reduced the oxidation (p < 0.05), while the control sample was oxidized faster. Among the essential oils, concentrations of 5.85 and 7.2 mg/ml showed the best antioxidant activity. PV, TBA, AV and totox values increased during the storage time for all treatments. Our results suggest that essential oil of Achillea millefolium has potential source of natural antioxidant for the application in food industries to prevent lipid oxidation particularly lipid-containing foods such as mayonnaise, due to its reaction with oxidative free radicals and therefore can increase food shelf life.
The relationship of epicardial obesity and levels of cardiac fibrosis markers
Authors: Gritsenko O. V. , Chumakova G. A. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Shevlyakov I. V.
Published: May 2019

Lipotoxic myocardial damage with its fibrosis and subsequent formation of heart failure may develop due to epicardial obesity (EO). The possibility of early diagnosis of lipotoxic cardiac fibrosis is not well understood.

Aim.To study the relationship of EO with the level of myocardial fibrosis markers.

Material and methods.The study included 80 men aged 54,3±8,2 with grades I-III obesity. The level of metabolic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), soluble leptin receptor and free fatty acids was determined for all patients; the presence of EO was determined by echocardiography with epicardial fat thickness (EFT) ≥7 mm. Coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were the exclusion criteria of the study.

Results.The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I with EO (n=49) and group II without EO (n=31). Group I showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, a decrease in adiponectin, as well as an increase in all studied myocardial fibrosis markers. In addition, in the group with EO, a positive relationship between the EFT and TNF-α (r=0,29; p=0,041), IL-6 (r=0,28; p=0,049), leptin (r=0,41; p=0,004) and a negative relationship with the level of adiponectin (r=-0,29; p=0,042). We determine a significant effect of the degree of EO on the increase in the level of cardiac fibrosis markers (r=0,28, p=0,049), collagen (r=0,33, p=0,019), transforming growth factor-β (r=0,29, p=0,045).

Conclusion.The results suggest that elevated levels of profibrotic factors in patients with EO may be signs of the presence of preclinical, and therefore, earlier lipotoxic myocardial fibrosis, which was not detected during echocardiographic research in the form of diastolic dysfunction.
Obesity and pregnancy: cardiovascular and metabolic risks
Authors: Veselovskaya N. G. , Chumakova G. A.
Published: May 2019

In recent years, obesity has become the leader as a cardiovascular risk factor in various clinical groups, including women of childbearing age. According to epidemiological studies over the past 10 years, obesity in pregnant women is recorded in 15-38% of cases. Obesity is a proven risk factor that complicates pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The presence of obesity in women before childbirth is a risk factor for infertility, miscarriage in the early period and congenital malformations in the fetus. Overweight and obesity in pregnant women lead to an increase in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the high prevalence of obesity in pregnant women, the mechanisms for the occurrence of complications, methods of correction and prevention have not been studied enough. Considering the unfavorable prognosis in children of obese mothers, studies are needed to assess the role of internal adipose tissue, adipokines in the formation of insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction. It is also needed to evaluate effect of systemic inflammation in the risk of developing complications in a pregnant woman and child, as well as programs for primary prevention of obesity in childbearing age.