bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un infierno catalán. Apuntes para una bibliografía de publicaciones eróticas catalanas clandestinas (siglo XIX-primer tercio del siglo XX)
Authors: Guereña Jean Louis
Published: June 2014

Resumen: El presente artículo colecciona un buen número de las publicaciones catalanas de tema erótico que vieron la luz clancestinamente durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX. Palabras clave: bibliografía, erotismo, catalán, renaixença, siglo XIX, siglo XXAbstract: This article collects a good number of Catalan publications with a erotic topic that came out clandestinely during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Keywords: literature, eroticism, Catalan, Renaixença, 19th century, 20th century
Un vocabulari pornogràfic francès-català inèdit
Authors: Puigmalet Joan
Published: June 2014

Resum: Antoni Bulbena Tosell és autor d’un manuscrit, i inèdit, vocabulari pornogràfic francès-català català-francès, la Flora pornogràfica francesa: suplement al argot francès / Flore pornographique catalane: supplément à l’argot catalan. És una obra d’aproximadament l’any 1921 que, per la seva temàtica, ell mateix reservava per a no publicar-se. Bulbena és autor d’una discutida obra lingüística, entre la qual trobem diferents diccionaris, alguns d’ells entre el català i el francès. El darrer que publicà és el Diccionari de les lléngues francesa & catalana / Dictionnaire catalan-français (1921) que inclou dos apèndixs, un «Vocabulari d’argot francès» i un «Vocabulari d’argot catalan». La Flora és, així, un suplement al lèxic pornogràfic d’aquest diccionari. Per altra banda, el títol de Flora pornogràfica sembla fer referència a una obra de la lexicografia francesa que recull mots obscens presents a obres d’Emile Zola i altres escriptors naturalistes, La flore pornographique (1883), d’Ambroise Macrobe. Els mots d’argot sexual de la Flora, amb un especial focus temàtic en la prostitució, tenen interès lingüístic i cultural tant per a la llengua catalana com per a la llengua francesa.  Paraules clau: Antoni Bulbena, Flora pornogràfica, lexicografia, català, francès. Abstract: Antoni Bulbena Tosell is the author of an unpublished, pornographic vocabulary French-Catalan Catalan-French, a manuscript called the Flora pornogràfica francesa: suplement al argot francès / Flore pornographique catalane: supplément à l’argot catalan. It was written around 1921 and reserved for not being published. Bulbena is the author of a controversial linguistic work, among which are various dictionaries, some of them between Catalan and French. The latest is the Diccionari de les lléngues francesa & catalana / Dictionnaire catalan-français (1921), that  includes two appendixes, a «Vocabulari d’argot francès» and a «Vocabulari d’argot catalan». The Flora is thus a pornographic supplement to the lexicon of these vocabularies. Moreover, the title Flora pornogràfica seems to refer to a pornographic French lexicography work that contains obscene words from books by Émile Zola and other naturalist writers: La flore pornographique (1883) by Ambroise Macrobe. Slang sexual terms from the Bulbena’s Flora, with a special focus on the theme of prostitution, have linguistic and cultural interest both for the Catalan and the French language Keywords: Antoni Bulbena, Flora pornogràfica, lexicography, Catalan, French.
El llenguatge sexual i la vergonya femenina segons Francesc Eiximenis
Authors: Renedo Xavier
Published: June 2014

Resum: Anàlisi dels consells i les observacions de Francesc Eiximenis en relació amb el llenguatge sexual; la vergonya corporal, amb especial atenció a la vergonya femenina; les paraules obscenes i els eufemismes, els circumloquis i les perífrasis per substituir-les; la mesura del plaer sexual o el fluix menstrual. Al final s’analitza un curiós cas de censura, que és potser a causa de l’aplicació d’aquestes idees, en uns capítols d’un manuscrit del Terç del Crestià.Paraules clau: Francesc Eiximenis, sexe, vergonya corporal, mots obscens, eufemismesAbstract: This paper analyses Francesc Eiximenis’ advice and commentary with regards to sexual language: modesty, particularly concerning women; obscene language as well as euphemisms, circumlocution and periphrasis to avoid it; the measure of sexual pleasure; or the menstrual flow. Finally, a case of censorship in one of the manuscripts witnessing Eiximenis’ Terç del Crestià is discussed as possibly triggeredby the application of these concepts.Keywords: Francsc Eiximenis, sex, corporal shame, obscene words, euphemism
A comprehensive search for calcium binding sites critical for TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel activity
Authors: Tien Jason , Peters Christian J , Wong Xiu Ming , Cheng Tong , Jan Yuh Nung , Jan Lily Yeh , Yang Huanghe
Published: June 2014

TMEM16A forms calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) that regulate physiological processes such as the secretions of airway epithelia and exocrine glands, the contraction of smooth muscles, and the excitability of neurons. Notwithstanding intense interest in the mechanism behind TMEM16A-CaCC calcium-dependent gating, comprehensive surveys to identify and characterize potential calcium sensors of this channel are still lacking. By aligning distantly related calcium-activated ion channels in the TMEM16 family and conducting systematic mutagenesis of all conserved acidic residues thought to be exposed to the cytoplasm, we identify four acidic amino acids as putative calcium-binding residues. Alterations of the charge, polarity, and size of amino acid side chains at these sites alter the ability of different divalent cations to activate the channel. Furthermore, TMEM16A mutant channels containing double cysteine substitutions at these residues are sensitive to the redox potential of the internal solution, providing evidence for their physical proximity and solvent accessibility.
AG, TL, and IRSL dosimetric properties in X‐ray irradiated HPHT diamond crystals
Authors: Gil‐Tolano M. I. , Meléndrez R. , Lancheros‐Olmos J. C. , Castaneda B. , Soto‐Puebla D. , Chernov V. , Pedroza‐Montero M. , Barboza‐Flores M.
Published: June 2014

HPHT diamonds have been studied for several years for their potential in different applications. In previous studies it has been found that the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of “as‐grown” HPHT diamonds are non‐reproducible. In this work, we study the afterglow (AG), thermoluminescent (TL), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) response of commercial samples of synthetic HPHT type‐Ib diamond crystals exposed to X‐ray irradiation (0.75 mA, 35 kV) at a dose rate of 0.624 Gy/s, after a high gamma (60Co) dose irradiation of 500 kGy followed by a thermal treatment at 1073 K for 1 h in nitrogen atmosphere. Deconvolution of the TL glow curves shows four peaks, located around 379, 509, 561, and 609 K. The crystals exhibit evident AG recorded for 300 s immediately after X‐ray irradiation, due to the thermal emptying of the traps responsible for the low‐temperature TL peaks (below 400 K). The stimulation of irradiated crystals with 870‐nm light, creates pronounced OSL and destroys all TL peaks with the exception of the high‐temperature peak at 609 K. The dose responses of the integrated AG, TL, and OSL are linear in the range of 0.6–5 Gy and saturated at higher doses. The reproducibility of AG, TL, and OSL measurements is about 5%. The fading in the first hour of storage in dark conditions at RT of TL signal of HPHT diamond is mainly associated to the emptying of the traps responsible for the 379‐K TL peaks.
Free Movement as a Threat for Universal Welfare States?
Authors: Greve Bent
Published: June 2014

The free movement of workers has been a cornerstone of the European Union since it was founded in 1957. A gradual improvement of rights to groups other than workers has implied that rights related to free movement have already had an impact on universal welfare states’ social security arrangements, especially in the area of pensions. Given the enlargement of the past 10 years and a strong increase in inter-EU migration this impact might even increase. This article, using Denmark as a case study, looks at how, over time, free movement may lead towards convergence and thereby Europeanization of welfare states in Europe. It focuses especially on the pressures brought to bear on the universality of the Danish welfare state, thereby moving it away from one of the distinctive characteristics of the Nordic welfare state model: the universal access to benefits. It also raises the question of whether or not recent developments are once again opening the debate on social dumping in Europe.
Contemporary Practices of Extending Traditional Asian Instruments Using Technology
Authors: He Jingyin , Kapur Ajay , Carnegie Dale A.
Published: June 2014

Ongoing development of audio and informational technology has had an impact on almost every aspect of the musical arts. Cultures and subcultures have cross-pollinated through the rapid exchange of information and have metamorphosed into new fields of technology-based art forms, one of which is the integration of technology in Asian ethnic musics. This article specifically focuses on the integration of technology with the traditional music of India, Indonesia, China, Japan and Korea. By reviewing the history of this metier, we explore the various applications of technology in traditional Asian music and its future.
International Perspectives on the Historic Intersections of Electroacoustic Music and the Radio Medium
Authors: Black Colin
Published: June 2014

Radio studios including Club d'Essai de la Radiodiffusion–Television Française (Paris), Studio für Elektronische Musik (Cologne), BBC Radiophonic Workshop (London) and others have historically played a key role in the development of international approaches to electroacoustic music. Nevertheless few publications explore the pre-musique-concrète sound-based experimental works of the 1920s and 1930s arising from activities undertaken at radio studios, or the dimensions, properties, implications and impact of the radio medium itself. This article explores the impact of the radio medium on creative practice and argues that radio art is not inherently a subset of sonic art, as it may first appear when nuanced from electroacoustic music practice, but can be viewed as its own art form with idiosyncratic international standpoints and transdisciplinary properties. In addition to a historical discussion, this article offers an insight into the potential for radio art practice to cross-pollinate with music practice and explore new creative territory and hybrid working modalities.
Process and practice: groupness, ethnicity, and habitus in Carpathian Rus'
Authors: Cantin Kristina M.
Published: June 2014

This article synthesizes Wimmer's and Brubaker's processual approach to analyzing ethnic groups with Jenkins and Bentley's practice-based theories of ethnicity to explain the role played by socio-emotional experiences and practical concerns in Carpatho-Rusyns, both mobilizing as an ethnic group as well as resisting such mobilization. Data were gathered from interviews and participant observation during the eight months of fieldwork in 10 different villages, towns, and cities in the Prešov region of Slovakia and the Zakarpattia oblast of Ukraine. Carpatho-Rusyns live in an area where borders have changed frequently and where religions, states, and political movements have encouraged the inhabitants' assimilation to a new or larger group. Rusyns tend to describe ethnicity as instrumentalist theorists do, that is, something largely produced as a result of struggles over territory, resources, and political power. Nevertheless, they evince a profound emotional connection to their language, land, and spirituality. This emotional connection manifests itself among “ethnopolitical entrepreneurs” as well as among the general population, but only motivates explicit political organization among the former.
Black Yeasts and Their Filamentous Relatives: Principles of Pathogenesis and Host Defense
Authors: Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Netea Mihai G. , Mouton Johan W. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Verweij Paul E. , de Hoog G. Sybren
Published: June 2014

Among the melanized fungi, the so-called “black yeasts” and their filamentous relatives are particularly significant as agents of severe phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma in humans and animals. The pathogenicity and virulence of these fungi may differ significantly between closely related species. The factors which probably are of significance for pathogenicity include the presence of melanin and carotene, formation of thick cell walls and meristematic growth, presence of yeast-like phases, thermo- and perhaps also osmotolerance, adhesion, hydrophobicity, assimilation of aromatic hydrocarbons, and production of siderophores. Host defense has been shown to rely mainly on the ingestion and elimination of fungal cells by cells of the innate immune system, especially neutrophils and macrophages. However, there is increasing evidence supporting a role of T-cell-mediated immune responses, with increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and low levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) being deleterious during the infection. There are no standardized therapies for treatment. It is therefore important to obtain
in vitro
susceptibilities of individual patients' fungal isolates in order to provide useful information for selection of appropriate treatment protocols. This article discusses the pathogenesis and host defense factors for these fungi and their severity, chronicity, and subsequent impact on treatment and prevention of diseases in human or animal hosts.
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Authors: Hebbelstrup Jensen Betina , Olsen Katharina E. P. , Struve Carsten , Krogfelt Karen Angeliki , Petersen Andreas Munk
Published: June 2014

EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli(EAEC) represents a heterogeneous group ofE. colistrains. The pathogenicity and clinical relevance of these bacteria are still controversial. In this review, we describe the clinical significance of EAEC regarding patterns of infection in humans, transmission, reservoirs, and symptoms. Manifestations associated with EAEC infection include watery diarrhea, mucoid diarrhea, low-grade fever, nausea, tenesmus, and borborygmi. In early studies, EAEC was considered to be an opportunistic pathogen associated with diarrhea in HIV patients and in malnourished children in developing countries. In recent studies, associations with traveler's diarrhea, the occurrence of diarrhea cases in industrialized countries, and outbreaks of diarrhea in Europe and Asia have been reported. In the spring of 2011, a large outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic colitis occurred in Germany due to an EAEC O104:H4 strain, causing 54 deaths and 855 cases of HUS. This strain produces the potent Shiga toxin along with the aggregative fimbriae. An outbreak of urinary tract infection associated with EAEC in Copenhagen, Denmark, occurred in 1991; this involved extensive production of biofilm, an important characteristic of the pathogenicity of EAEC. However, the heterogeneity of EAEC continues to complicate diagnostics and also our understanding of pathogenicity.
On the Influence of Technology on Learning Processes
Authors: Kucevalovs Ilja , Krasts Ojārs , Freivalds Rūsiņš , Zeugmann Thomas
Published: June 2014

Probabilistic computations and frequency computations were invented for the same purpose, namely, to study possible advantages of technology involving random choices. Recently several authors have discovered close relationships of these generalizations of deterministic computations to computations taking advice. Various forms of computation taking advice were studied by Karp and Lipton [1], Damm and Holzer [2], and Freivalds [3]. In the present paper, we apply the nonconstructive, probabilistic, and frequency methods to an inductive inference paradigm originally due to Gold [4] and investigate their impact on the resulting learning models. Several trade-offs with respect to the resulting learnability are shown.
Delayed Diagnosis of Neurological Bladder following Spinal Cord Injury without Radiological Abnormality
Authors: Abbo O. , Mouttalib S. , L'Kaissi M. , Sauvat F. , Accadbled F. , Harper L.
Published: June 2014

Spinal cord injuries are a well-known cause of neurological bladder and a well-known complication of high-velocity trauma. They can, however, be difficult to diagnose in young children, in whom the absence of initial neurological symptoms and normality of the radiological workup can be falsely reassuring. Management of associated injuries can further delay diagnosis. We present 2 cases of spinal cord injuries without radiological abnormality revealed by delayed bladder retention.
Determination of Drug Resistance and Virus Typology in HIV-1-Positive Pediatric Patients in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Yoldaş Özlem , Ağaçfidan Ali , Lübke Nadine , Somer Ayper , Hançerli Selda , Verheyen Jens , Kaiser Rolf , Akgül Baki
Published: June 2014

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance of HIV-1 in pediatric patients from Istanbul, Turkey. Genotypic drug resistance testing revealed transmission of drug resistance from mother to child in 20%. Due to rising numbers of children with HIV-1, baseline resistance testing is recommended for Turkey.
Anterior gradient protein 2 promotes survival, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells
Authors: Di Maro Gennaro , Salerno Paolo , Unger Kristian , Orlandella Francesca Maria , Monaco Mario , Chiappetta Gennaro , Thomas Gerry , Oczko-Wojciechowska Malgorzata , Masullo Mariorosario , Jarzab Barbara , Santoro Massimo , Salvatore Giuliana
Published: June 2014

Background

Through a transcriptome microarray analysis, we have isolated Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) as a gene up-regulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AGR2 is a disulfide isomerase over-expressed in several human carcinomas and recently linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we analyzed the expression of AGR2 in PTC and its functional role.

Methods

Expression of AGR2 was studied by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR in normal thyroids and in PTC samples. The function of AGR2 was studied by knockdown in PTC cells and by ectopic expression in non-transformed thyroid cells. The role of AGR2 in the ER stress was analyzed upon treatment of cells, expressing or not AGR2, with Bortezomib and analyzing by Western blot the expression levels of GADD153.

Results

PTC over-expressed AGR2 at mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of AGR2 in PTC cells induced apoptosis and decreased migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of AGR2 in non-transformed human thyroid cells increased migration and invasion and protected cells from ER stress induced by Bortezomib.

Conclusions

AGR2 is a novel marker of PTC and plays a role in thyroid cancer cell survival, migration, invasion and protection from ER stress.
Modified method to improve the design of Petlyuk distillation columns
Authors: Zapiain-Salinas Javier G , Barajas-Fernández Juan , González-García Raúl
Published: June 2014

Background

A response surface analysis was performed to study the effect of the composition and feeding thermal conditions of ternary mixtures on the number of theoretical stages and the energy consumption of Petlyuk columns. A modification of the pre-design algorithm was necessary for this purpose.

Results

The modified algorithm provided feasible results in 100% of the studied cases, compared with only 8.89% for the current algorithm. The proposed algorithm allowed us to attain the desired separations, despite the type of mixture and the operating conditions in the feed stream, something that was not possible with the traditional pre-design method. The results showed that the type of mixture had great influence on the number of stages and on energy consumption. A higher number of stages and a lower consumption of energy were attained with mixtures rich in the light component, while higher energy consumption occurred when the mixture was rich in the heavy component.

Conclusions

The proposed strategy expands the search of an optimal design of Petlyuk columns within a feasible region, which allow us to find a feasible design that meets output specifications and low thermal loads.
Analysis of operational properties of reinforced composite materials in home appliances
Authors: Жаворонков Александр , Zhavoronkov Aleksandr , Белокуров Владислав , Belokurov Vladislav , Лукина Лилия , Lukina Liliya
Published: June 2014

The article describes effective methods for studying the mechanical properties of materials widely employed in household appliances and the light industry. The authors identify the shortcomings of existing methods used to assess the deformation indicators of composite materials under static and quasi-static mode max, and show significant deficiencies and limitations of these methods of assessment and polymeric structures property diagnostics. The authors also single out typical characteristics of plastic materials and their deformation performance.
On selected peculiarities of vehicle damper
Authors: Логунцов Сергей , Loguntsov Sergey , Сучилин Владимир , Suchilin Vladimir , Шагунов Дмитрий , Shagunov Dmitriy
Published: June 2014

The article deals with issues related to designing vehicle damper modernization methods. The author demonstrates the potential of ferrofluids in improving the performance of vibration protection systems, and assesses the performance of a combined system of road-irregularities vehicle protection.
Noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal trisomy 9 mosaicism by maternal plasma DNA sequencing
Authors: Sun Luming , Zhang Lei , Zhou Jia , Yang Xiaonan , Duan Tao , Wang Wei
Published: June 2014

Maternal plasma DNA sequencing based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been proven to be highly accurate in the detection of trisomy 21, 18, 13, X and Y, however, few reports have been made on its detection efficiency of rare complex aneuploidies. Here, we report a case of fetal trisomy 9 mosaicism identified by using NIPT, which may provide useful information for the further integration of NIPT into prenatal screening and diagnosis practice.
Development of simplified biofilm sorption and diffusion experiment method using Bacillus sp. isolated from Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory
Authors: Ise Kotaro , Sato Tomofumi , Sasaki Yoshito , Yoshikawa Hideki
Published: June 2014

We developed a simplified biofilm sorption and diffusion experiment method. The biofilms of the Bacillus cereus were incubated on cellulose acetate membrane filters (pore size 0.2 µm, diameter 47 mm) placed on thick NB broth agar medium (thickness was about 30 mm) to support sufficient biofilm growth of the Bacillus cereus. The thickness of the formed biofilms was about 1 mm. The formed biofilms were applied to through-diffusion method, which has been used to measure diffusion coefficient of crystalline and sedimentary rocks and clay minerals. The obtained copper sorption coefficient by batch experiments was about 100 ml/g (wet weight) at the case of the concentration of cupper ion was over 0.074mmol/L. And diffusion coefficients by through diffusion experiment was De=1.1 x 10-10 (m2/s). From these results, this simplified biofilm sorption and diffusion experiment may make possible to obtain these parameters with ease.
A new species of Aleiodes (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae) from Brazil, with biological notes
Authors: Abreu Cássia I. V. de , Shimbori Eduardo M. , D. Filho Manoel M. , Penteado-Dias Angélica M.
Published: June 2014

Aleiodes Wesmael is the most diverse rogadine genus, with koinobiont endoparasitic development in Lepidoptera caterpillars resulting in mummification of the host remains. Aleiodes japi sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Type specimens of the new species were reared from Physocleora grosica and Ischnopteris sp. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) larvae. Host larvae were collected on Alchornea triplinervia (Euphorbiaceae) at the Reserva Biológica Municipal da Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. This is the second species of circumscriptus/gastritror group described from Brazil.
Daily variation of zooplankton abundance and evenness in the Rosana reservoir, Brazil: biotic and abiotic inferences
Authors: Takahashi Érica M. , Lansac-Tôha Fábio A. , Dias Juliana D. , Bonecker Claudia C.
Published: June 2014

The zooplankton community presents stochastic temporal fluctuation and heterogeneous spatial variation determined by the relationships among the organisms and environmental conditions. We predicted that the temporal and spatial zooplankton distribution is heterogeneous and discrete, respectively, and that the daily variation of most abundant species is related to environmental conditions, specifically the availability of resources. Zooplankton samples were collected daily at three sampling stations in a lateral arm of the Rosana Reservoir (SP/PR). The zooplankton did not present significant differences in abundance and evenness among sampling stations, but the temporal variation of these attributes was significant. Abiotic variables and algal resource availability have significantly explained the daily variation of the most abundant species (p<0.001), however, the species distribution makes inferences on biotic relationships between them. Thus, not only the food resource availability is influential on the abundance of principal zooplankton species, but rather a set of factors (abiotic variables and biotic relationships).
Three-Body Abrasive Wear Behavior of Needle-Punch Nonwoven Jute Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Mishra V. , Biswas S.
Published: June 2014

Now-a-days, natural fiber based composites are emerging as a supplement to the synthetic fiber composites. The aim of the present work is to investigate the three-body abrasive wear behavior of needle-punch nonwoven jute fiber reinforced epoxy (NJFE) composites in an abrasive environment. Three-body abrasion studies have been done on composites using rubber wheel abrasion tester. The design of experiments approach using Taguchi methodology is employed for the parametric analysis of abrasive wear process. The effect of the factors such as sliding velocity, fiber loading, applied load, sliding distance and abrasive size on the specific wear rate and coefficient of friction of composite has been studied. Experimental results reveal the improvement of abrasive wear behavior of the composites with the addition of fiber as compared to neat epoxy. At steady state condition, it has been observed that composites with 36 wt% fiber loading shows minimum specific wear rate. From the statistical analysis it has been concluded that the factor combination with sliding velocity of 120 cm/s, fiber loading of 36 wt%, normal load of 10 N, sliding distance of 50 m and abrasive size of 400 μm gives minimum specific wear rate whereas sliding velocity of 144 cm/s, fiber loading of 36 wt%, normal load of 10 N, sliding distance of 70 m and abrasive size of 300 μm gives minimum coefficient of friction. Finally, the worn surfaces are examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and possible abrasion wear mechanisms are discussed.
Unlimited Shear as a Source of Information in Polymer Melt Processing
Authors: Janeschitz-Kriegl H. , Ratajski E. , Eder G.
Published: June 2014

It is shown that at unprecedented (high) temperatures an extremely slow long lasting shear treatment, which requires almost an hour for its unwinding, can produce a highly oriented structure in the melt of a crystallizing polypropylene. It seems that a convection process, which is characteristic for shear flow, furthers intimate contacts between parts of passing by macromolecular coils. In this respect an inspection of the broad spectrum of crystallization speeds of quiescent melts of a variety of polymers is instructive. The conception, which is defended in the present paper, is that thread-like nuclei are the result of the straightening of assemblages of already loosely connected macromolecules. At the high temperature applied the melt must immediately be quenched after the cessation of the flow in order to preserve the obtained thread-like nuclei. Apparently, only the number of successful encounters is relevant and not the frequency of their occurrence. For a lower frequency more time is required. It is evident that even mild touches can cause permanent adhesions, if the mutual local conformations just fit. One is reminded of the click of a slot. A new apparatus for unlimited shearing is described. This apparatus uses polymer samples, which are ring-shaped, being cut from molded plates of reasonable thickness. These rings possess an unusually large radius of 18 cm, in order to keep the curvature of the flow lines low. Rectilinear unlimited shearing is approached in this way.
Servo Drive Trajectory Design of Three-Axis Laser Processing System
Authors: Jiang Wei Hua , Fan Yuan Cheng , Zeng Da
Published: June 2014

Three-axis processing of laser inner engraving machine control system can carry on multi-axis linkage control. Furthermore, it ensures multi-axis of high feeding speed and trajectory control of high precision. This article introduces the design of laser inner engraving machine movement control system. The core is a digital integrator of linear interpolation algorithm to generate the desired trajectory and control XYZ axis linkage. Wide speed range of servo motor and position detector resolution is adequate to constitute a half-closed loop drive. With integral separation algorithm being introduced in the controller, the speed of numerical control system, track speed and positioning accuracy are guaranteed in order to achieve optimal specification for dynamic and static characteristics of the whole system.
Profile Loss Correlations Accounting for Turbine Disk Inclination
Authors: Yuan Zhen Wei , Zhang Jun , Zhu Dong Shuai
Published: June 2014

Incidence can significantly affect turbine cascade aerodynamic losses, including profile, secondary and tip-clearance losses. In previous works, correlations for these losses were developed on a convention that the whole cascade has a universal incidence angle. But in reality, there exist exceptional situations when a turbine disk is inclined to its design position. In such cases, the incidence varies with the location of blade on the circumference, leading to loss deviation from its design value. The present paper is motivated to work out new correlations for the profile losses with turbine disk inclinations and examine the effects of turbine disk inclination. Based on the state-of-the-art works, new correlations are developed to take into account the incidence variation by redefining the inlet flow angle in terms of turbine disk inclination angle and location angle of blade on turbine disk circumference. The effects of turbine disk inclination on profile losses were examined through numerical simulations. It is concluded that the turbine disk inclination has considerable influences on the profile losses of turbine cascade.
Motion Analysis for Vegetable Potted Seedling Pick-Up Mechanism with Double Crank Geared Linkages
Authors: Yang Chuan Hua , Fang Xian Fa , Jin Xin , Liu Zhong Jun , Liu Jun , Guo Yu Hui
Published: June 2014

The semi-automatic feeding mechanism of vegetable transplanter was nacelle basket type which is available with manual feeding for transplanting vegetable potted seedlings. However, the efficiency is lower to meet the needs. To improve it, a new design of the potted seedling pick-up mechanism with double crank geared five-bar linkages model was expounded for automatic seedling picking. The kinematics model of the pick-up mechanism was established by mathematical analysis method. The influence of the structural parameters on the motion trajectory and relative velocity of the seedling pick-up arm cusp was investigated. The design of optimization objective for picking vegetable potted seedling was proposed. Meanwhile, the optimal parameter combination of the pick-up mechanism was obtained by using MATLAB based on the objective. With it, when the seedlings pot were being pulled out, the path of the seedling pick-up arm inserting was straightly and more perpendicular to potted seedling. Furthermore, the velocity of seedling taking and dropping cusps were relatively lower in order to meet the speeds demand of seedling picking up with seedling feeding in automatic way.
Frication and Abrasion Resistance of a Non-Woven Filter Material
Authors: Dong Jie , Chen Mei Yu , Sun Run Jun , Lai Kan
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the warp friction and abrasion resistance of non-woven filter materials with different process parameters under different loads (10cN/cm2, 30cN/cm2, 50cN/cm2) were investigated. The results showed that the dynamic and static friction factors of non-woven filter materials under the load of 30cN/cm2 were the biggest. While the dynamic and static friction factors of non-woven filter materials under the load of 50cN/cm2 were the smallest. In addition, it was found that needling density was one of the key factors to influence the friction and abrasion resistance of a non-woven filter material.
Off-Design Load Characteristics of Consumption-Deviation Coefficient for 300MW Circulating Fluidized Bed Coal-Fired Unit
Authors: Wu Guang Hui , Lin You Sheng , Yu Zhao Sheng , Ma Xiao Qian
Published: June 2014

The optimization target system of a 300MW circulating fluidized bed coal-fired unit was established by using the method of K-Means clustering algorithm to determine the variable condition calculated benchmark value point. This method was proved to be effective, and the results supply a new idea and effective method for determining benchmark values models. The off-design load characteristics of consumption-deviation coefficient mainly have three trends, and the condenser vacuum, relative internal efficiency of steam turbine and oxygen content in exhaust gas were the primary influencing parameters of energy-loss analysis. Through energy-loss analysis method, providing an accurate and effective guidance for the management and saving energy, and it has a good economic advantages and promoting significance.
Hydrostatics Analysis on the Uprighting Process of a Capsized Ship
Authors: Pan De Wei , Lin Cheng Xin , Sun De Ping , Zhou Chao Yu , Xu Peng
Published: June 2014

The uprighting process of capsized vessel based on considering the buoyancy and stability of wreck was studied in this paper. The model of the righting force for the wreck salvage was established according to the mechanical characteristics of wreck. The analysis and calculation were demonstrated by the salvage module of GHS software in view of the problem of righting force programme, which need long computing time and large amount of data input. Take the simulation of righting a capsized yacht as an example, the three-dimensional model was established and the righting process was simulated via GHS software, the maximum righting force and the occurring phase, angle of vanishing stability and longitudinal distribution of torque values can be obtained from the analysis. And the results can play a crucial role in the uprighting process of a capsized ship. The uprighting process of inclining ship can be simulated by using the GHS software, which is suitable for making salvage scheme.
Lubricating Characteristic Analysis on Automobile Continuously Variable Transmission
Authors: Li Mao Sheng , Du Qun Gui
Published: June 2014

In order to conduct lubricating characteristic analysis on automobile continuously variable transmission, this paper divides overall model of transmission on the basis of the idea of blocking simulation. Then it generates shed oil model of differential mechanism and oil gathering model of oil groove. Set monitoring surface at the position of reverse gear shaft catcher groove in shed oil model of differential mechanism and oil groove in oil gathering model of oil groove to monitor its conditions of oil-taking. Consider the received flow from the two monitoring surfaces in simulation process as evaluation index of effects of transmission lubrication system, as well as conduct quantitative evaluation on lubricating effects of transmission lubrication system. The results show that all of working condition with second gear 1500rpm, reverse gear shaft and oil groove have comparative ideal lubrication effects on input axis.
Characteristic Comparison of Waste Rubber Derived Fuel and Fossil Fuel and Application Test in Engine
Authors: Shao Ming Wei , Huang Ying Jeh
Published: June 2014

This study discussed characteristics and alkyl composition of waste rubber derived fuel oil, mix ratio of the derived fuel oil to fossil fuel on regulation and control performance of oil engine, waste gas emission and fuel combustion characteristic, and feasibility and suitability of regulation technologies when the derived fuel oil is applied to fuel engine. The findings show that cetane index increases after petroleum diesel is mixed the environment-friendly fuel oil. This can improve combustion efficiency of oil products in diesel engine, as well as reduce sulphur content in the oil and sulfur oxide emission of diesel oil, thus effectively eliminating impurities and reducing ash content after refining the blended environment-friendly fuel oil. Meanwhile, colloid and volatile gas can be eliminated effectively. By blending with petroleum diesel oil, the mixed fuel has the similar characteristics with that of traditional blended fossil oil. The combustion efficiency of mixed environment-friendly oil is improved, thus reducing oil consumption.
Double Position Loop Design of AC Servo Drive System
Authors: Jiang Wei Hua , Fan Yuan Cheng , Liu Zheng
Published: June 2014

The loop controller of double position fully closed makes the AC servo drive system acquire a very high position accuracy and speed following which is hard to be achieved for time-varying parameters, load disturbance, AC motors and severely nonlinear controlled objects. For the system, the dynamic nature can be ensured by the inner position loop adopting PI regulation of half closed loop structure, while the stability and the immunity can be achieved by closed loop structures with the rings outside adopting dual-mode fuzzy control. This article analyzes the cause of positioning errors for servo motor and semi-closed loop structure. The article also explains how to design a two position closed-loop servo system based on fuzzy control by adopting the AC servo motor drive, the motor shaft back-end incremental photoelectric encoder to form the inner position loop and using the motion control card, the inner ring of servo system and the work platform of grating ruler to make up the outer position loop. Based on double position loop composed of three-dimensional laser processing gear, the accuracy of the three-axis linkage workbench position control and the speed following can be ensured, thus meeting the requirement of the laser subsurface engraving machine for high speed and high precision motion.
Influence of the Type of Cement on the Formation of Calcium Carbonate Polymorphs due to Carbonation of Cement Materials
Authors: Pham Son Tung , Prince William
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of the type of cement on the formation of calcium carbonate CaCO3 polymorphs after carbonation of cement materials. Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to follow mineralogical changes of CEM I and CEM II mortars and pastes which were submitted to an accelerated carbonation at 20% CO2, 20°C and 65% relative humidity. The results indicated that aragonite and vaterite are formed from the carbonation of CEM II materials while these metastable polymorphs are not present in carbonated CEM I materials. It is likely that aragonite and vaterite are formed only at an advanced level of carbonation when pH is smaller than 9, which is the case of CEM I mortar and paste.
The Application Research Based on Solar Gas Boiler that Control by PLC and Frequency Conversion Technology
Authors: Jiang Jia Xiang , Zhang Bin , Yi Shao Li
Published: June 2014

Solar energy as an inexhaustible supply of green energy, being receiving more and more attention, but in hotels and other large-scale hot water systems, due to collector device installation location, water temperature instability and inability to realize all-weather heating water supply, has been not widely used. In this paper, taking the water heating system reforming of gas boiler in the Gulf Hotel Yantai Regency for example, the set of control system built by PLC and inverter ,has realized large-scale solar energy and gas hot water boiler systems in the perfect combination of weather, temperature, hot water unmanned operation, with advantages of lower installation, low-temperature protection, and manual switching, remote control and obvious energy saving effect .The paper provids a new approach for the popularization of large–scale solar energy water heating system.
Studies on the Residual Stress Distribution for 2A02 Aluminum Forgings
Authors: Cao Jiang , Li Chun Fu , Wang Yan , Fang Shuang
Published: June 2014

High strength aluminum alloys which improve mechanical properties through heat treatment have been widely used in aviation manufacturing. However, residual stresses that are harmful to the materials are brought in during the heat treatment process. By means of the analysis of micro-indentation method and ANSYS finite element method, the residual stress distribution in 2A02aluminum forgings after water quenching were systematically investigated, mainly considering two factors of the symmetry of structure and the variation of surface constraint. The results of micro-indentation method show that the absolute value of the residual stress within the sample tends to decrease as the condition of constraint increase at the location of the same thickness; the absolute value of the surface residual stress also tends to decrease as the thickness of the sample increase with the same constraint conditions, the absolute value of the residual stress in the symmetrical sample is lower than that in the asymmetrical sample. The results of finite element simulation are as follows: for 2A02 aluminum alloy, the stress field distribution during the process of quenching is mainly influenced by the thickness of the samples. After the quenching process, the stress state at the components surface are controlled by compressive stress in the direction of both thickness and width, while the residual stress within the samples is dominated by tensile stress.
The Method of On-Line Detection of Antiicing Additive Concentration in Jet Fuel
Authors: Zhang Xiao Zhong , Meng Fan Qin , Guo Li , Yang Shi Zhao
Published: June 2014

Ethylene glycol methyl fan is the main components of Anti icing additive of jet fuel. the volume percent of Anti icing additive in fuel is 0.1～0.15%. It is a typical detection problem of trace substances in complex organic phase to detecting the content of only 0.1 to 0.15% of the ether substances in jet fuel comprising of by hundreds of kinds of organic matter , so there is no on-line measurement method by now. In this paper , a means is offered that combine micro extraction technology and on-line optical spectroscopy technique . by this way, anti icing additive concentration can be real-time measured and the precision can reach 5%, can meet the need of oil blending control and quality detection.
Field-Enhancement Factor of a Carbon Nanotube Cold Cathode Triode
Authors: Lei Da , Menggen Qi Qi Ge
Published: June 2014

To estimate the field-enhancement factor, the model system of floated sphere in triode configuration of the carbon nanotube was proposed, and the actual electric field and field-enhancement factor at the apex of carbon nanotube were calculated with the image charge method analytically. The field-enhancement factor given as β=3+ρ+W, where ρ is the aspect ratio of the carbon nanotube, and W is the function of geometrical parameters and the anode and gate voltages. The geometrical parameters affects the field-enhancement factor very much, such as the field-enhancement factor decreased rapidly with the increasing of top radius of carbon nanotube, gate-cathode distance and gate-hole size. The field-enhancement factor could be improved via concocting the gate-electrode.
Producing a New Expanded Graphite by Re-Intercalation of Expandable Graphite
Authors: Yue Xue Qing , Wang Hua , Ma Wei
Published: June 2014

A new expanded graphite was prepared by re-intercalation and expansion of expandable graphite. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscope. Compared with the common expanded graphite, the network pores of this expanded graphite are more developed.
Development of Gun Turret Drive Stabilization System with a Microcontroller and Implementation on a Model Tank
Authors: Kuscu Hilmi , Songul Salim
Published: June 2014

Nowadays and in the future, high mobility combat troops will be needed instead of the steady troops in the battlefields. The mobility of troops improves the effect of incursion and prevents troops from becoming an easy target. Mobile gun systems move and vibrate easily because of rough land. Thus, shooting the target and the likelihood of hitting target successfully becomes more difficult for tank gunners. In order to improve the like hood of hitting target and shoot straight, the gun barrel on the turret of a mobile tank has to be stable in the target region.
The Experimental Method for Obtaining Input Data for the Design of an Automatic Magnetic Connection Mechanism
Authors: Bobovský Zdenko , Novák Petr , Krys Václav
Published: June 2014

This paper describes process of an experimental evaluation of the necessary torque for disconnection of a magnetic connection mechanism. The paper describes basic information of a designed testing stand for an experimental evaluation of mechanical parameters of the automatic connection mechanism based on magnetic principle for use in self-reconfigurable modular robotic system. Also describes processing of measured values. Obtained values were then used in a mechanical design of the testing connection mechanism for verification of its other parameters.
On the Hybrid Combustion Instability
Authors: Danaila Sterian , Leventiu Constantin
Published: June 2014

In the present paper, a combined method of large eddy simulations for non-premixed combustion in a turbulent flow coupled with proper orthogonal decomposition of instantaneous velocity, pressure and temperature fields is developed in order to identify the effect of coherent structure and to obtain a reduced order model for control model. First we investigate the reacting flow using Large Eddy Simulations technique. This physical model is pertinent to internal flows inside the hybrid rocket motors. The turbulence-combustion interaction is based on a combination of finite rate/eddy dissipation model applied to a reduced chemical mechanism with four reactions. Next, the paper refers to the derivation of a Reduced Order Model (ROM) for the same problem, based on the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique. ROMs are used to obtain fast and accurate results, needed in the areas of flow control. The flow and thermal fields obtained with ROMs are compared with the ones obtained from the full simulation and an analysis on the number of modes required to achieve the desired accuracy is presented. Finally, a static control technique is proposed.
A Fast Estimation of the EO/IR System Performances Using the Image Simulation in a Turbulent Atmosphere
Authors: Spulber Catalin
Published: June 2014

The paper presents a fast evaluation method for  the image quality acquired with the EO/IR sensors. The principle of the  proposed method is based on the analysis of the histograms of the images acquired using atmospheric turbulence simulations and, then, by the analysis ofthe histograms extracted from simulations. It is assumed that the assessment of an EO/IR sensor system performance can be known in poor visibility conditions, where the atmospheric turbulences have an essential contribution.