bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I Fight for a Living
Authors: Moore Louis
Published: July 2018

At its heart, I Fight for a Living is a book about black men who came of age in the Reconstruction and early Jim Crow era--a time when the remaking of white manhood was at its most intense, placing vigor and physicality at the center of the construction of manliness. The book uses the stories of black fighters’ lives, from 1880 to 1915, to explore how working-class black men used prizefighting and the sporting culture to assert their manhood in a country that denied their equality, and to examine the reactions by the black middle class and white middle class toward these black fighters. Through these stories, the book explores how the assertion of this working-class manliness confronted American ideas of race and manliness. While other works on black fighters have explored black boxers as individuals, this book seeks to study these men as a collective group while providing a localized and racialized response to black working-class manhood. It was a tough bargain to risk one’s body to prove manhood, but black men across the globe took that chance.
Becoming Refugee American
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Tran
Published: July 2018

This pioneering social history of Little Saigon examines the institutionalization and preservation of a Southern California ethnic enclave and its people through the politics of rescue. It argues that Little Saigon’s emergence and growth was fuelled by American guilt over losing the war and Vietnamese gratitude for being rescued from communism. Thus the largest of diasporic Vietnamese communities, along with most of its counterparts nationwide, was framed as the least a guilt-ridden country could do to atone for its Cold War failures. The politics of rescue helps to explain why Little Saigon enjoyed a level of mainstream moral, economic, and political support historically unknown to most other Asian Americans. As for the Vietnamese exiles, the politics of rescue placed extreme pressure on them to act like model minorities in order to justify an unpopular war that killed 58,000 Americans and nearly invalidated American Exceptionalism. By becoming Refugee American, the losers of the Vietnam War could cast themselves as winners of the postwar, whereby Vietnamese and Americans, rather than forgetting, could mutually affirm a tragic past by rewriting it.
Shame
Authors: Stearns Peter N.
Published: July 2018

This book explores what we know about the history of shame, from early human societies onward, and explicitly links historical patterns and complexities to current issues surrounding shame. As both a personal and a social emotion – individuals experience shame, but societies or social groups variously rely on shaming –shame is a particularly interesting candidate for historical analysis. A related analytical focus emerges from the tension between current psychological views on shame, which emphasize the destructive results of the emotion, and the wide reliance on shame in many past and contemporary societies. The most obvious historical target on shame involves the attacks on the emotion – after virtually universal acceptance in agricultural societies – in Western culture from the late 18th century onward. This book explores this change and its causes, tracing the impact but also the limitations of the shift, while also placing the new patterns in some comparative context regarding societies that remained less individualistic. Finally, the book picks up on several recent new developments, particularly in the United States, as shaming experiences a partial resurgence thanks to new partisan divides and the impact of social media. Shame, in some, offers a diverse and fascinating history, as part of the growing enthusiasm for exploring emotions in the past; and the history connects to a number of very real current issues about shame and shaming.
Across the Waves
Authors: Vaillant Derek W.
Published: July 2018

This book is a history of U.S.–French radio broadcasting in the twentieth century. Decades before satellite TV and the Internet, America and France interconnected regularly and instantaneously on a mass scale across the Atlantic. The book investigates how transatlantic radio developed into a dynamic field of cross-border circulation, cultural exchange, and geopolitics. Between 1931, when live broadcasts first linked U.S.–French listeners, and 1974, when France dissolved its public media monopoly, international broadcasting developed into a critical communication space that embodied turbulent interwar politics and the expansive tendencies of U.S. commercial networks; the cataclysmic events of World War II, including the German Occupation of France; contentious U.S.–French relations during the Cold War; French postwar international media expansion; and the effects of the 1960s on U.S.–French ties and media systems. The book examines the techno-aesthetics of radio as a technological medium linking two allied, but starkly different societies and cultures in new ways. The book complicates the paradigm of self-contained "radio nations" to demonstrate that throughout broadcast history, the challenges of developing and managing international interconnectivity required necessary partnerships that blurred lines of sovereignty, state control, and national cultural production. Radio’s development and usage prefigured the global, cross-border digital communication technologies, tools, infrastructure, and mediated geopolitics of today.
Race News
Authors: Carroll Fred
Published: July 2018

Race News examines the political and professional evolution of black journalism in the twentieth century. In particular, Fred Carroll explores the commercial black press’ contentious working relationship with the alternative black press and its thorny interactions with a repressive federal government and hostile white media to explain how shifting toleration of progressive politics reconfigured how black journalists wrote and covered the news. From World War I to World War II, leading newspapers crafted a progressive newswriting template influenced by the racial militancy of the New Negro Movement, modernist sensibilities of the Harlem Renaissance, and communist critiques of the American political economy. Such newswriting established the parameters of acceptable political discourse for millions of African Americans. This style of reportage also coincided with staggering circulation increases that established newspapers of national and international significance, including the Baltimore Afro-American, Chicago Defender, and Pittsburgh Courier. However, this newswriting template unraveled during the Cold War as publishers distanced themselves from progressive influences to protect their businesses from the anticommunism movement. Commercial publishers confronted numerous competitive challenges in the postwar period. They witnessed circulation declines as the white press began to cover the Civil Rights Movement, and a revitalized alternative black press emerged to endorse the Black Power Movement. The fitful integration of white newsrooms eventually led to the U.S. media's fairer but imperfect coverage of minority concerns.
The "Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence” and its Relation to the “Reordering of the Universe” in Daesoon Thought
Authors: Kim Taesoo ,   Academic Publishing
Published: July 2018

This study is an attempt to show the religious implications of the central tenet of the “resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence” in Daesoon thought in relation to its other tenet of the “harmonious union between divine beings and human beings.” This new school of religious thought developed as the main idea of Daesoon Jinrihoe (“The Fellowship of Daesoon Truth”), established at the end of nineteenth century in Korea by Kang Jeungsan, who is known as a “Holy Master” or “Sangje.” Upon receiving a calling to perpetuate religious orthodoxy from Sangje Kang, Doju Jo Jeongsan launched the Mugeuk Do religious body and constructed a Yeongdae—a sacred building at which the 15 Great Deities were enshrined. He then laid down the “four tenets” of Daesoon thought and issued the Declaration of the Propagation of Dao, which was said to show followers the way to seek the soul in the mind.
Hermenêutica e exegese com o método semio-discursivo: uma análise da perícope de Êxodo 3.7-12
Authors: Alves Enock Fernandes
Published: July 2018

Com o passar dos anos, muitas metodologias foram desenvolvidas para que a mensagem dos textos sagrados seja entendida em sua plenitude. No decorrer da história da interpretação bíblica, pode-se dividir em dois grandes períodos: a hermenêutica antes da reforma protestante e a hermenêutica após a reforma. Nos dias atuais, dentre as metodologias mais utilizadas a exegese Histórico-Critica é a mais utilizada pelos teólogos liberais, por sua vez, o método Histórico-Gramatical, usado vastamente na teologia reformada também encontra muito espaço e tem muito destaque. Entretanto, com uma abordagem focada na linguística da enunciação e, por consequência, nas teorias semióticas atreladas a ela, o método semio-discursivo tem ganhado muito espaço na academia e, também, tanto entre os mais ortodoxos, que creem na inerrância e na inspiração das escrituras, quanto os mais liberais, que desmitificam muito dos textos. Utilizando essa metodologia, uma das passagens mais conhecidas da Torá e, por consequência, do cânon cristão é o chamamento de Moisés para libertar o povo hebreu da situação de escravo no Egito. Portanto, seguindo esse critério, a realidade daquele povo é analisada e compreendida de acordo com diversas perspectivas diferentes. A exegese semio-discursiva enfatiza, em sua última fase, cinco ciclos da dimensão da ação: dimensão espaço-temporal, dimensão teológica, dimensão sociocultural, dimensão psicossocial e a dimensão missional. Sendo, essa última, a responsável pela aplicação das dimensões anteriores no contexto atual.
Trends in bacterial and fungal communities in ant nests observed with Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques—validity and compatibility in ecological studies
Authors: Lindström Stafva , Rowe Owen , Timonen Sari , Sundström Liselotte , Johansson Helena
Published: July 2018

Microbes are ubiquitous and often occur in functionally and taxonomically complex communities. Unveiling these community dynamics is one of the main challenges of microbial research. Combining a robust, cost effective and widely used method such as Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) with a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method (Illumina MiSeq), offers a solid alternative for comprehensive assessment of microbial communities. Here, these two methods were combined in a study of complex bacterial and fungal communities in the nest mounds of the antFormica exsecta, with the aim to assess the degree to which these methods can be used to complement each other. The results show that these methodologies capture similar spatiotemporal variations, as well as corresponding functional and taxonomical detail, of the microbial communities in a challenging medium consisting of soil, decomposing plant litter and an insect inhabitant. Both methods are suitable for the analysis of complex environmental microbial communities, but when combined, they complement each other well and can provide even more robust results. T-RFLP can be trusted to show similar general community patterns as Illumina MiSeq and remains a good option if resources for NGS methods are lacking.
Janus Membranes: Creating Asymmetry for Energy Efficiency
Authors: Yang Hao‐Cheng , Xie Yunsong , Hou Jingwei , Cheetham Anthony K. , Chen Vicki , Darling Seth B.
Published: July 2018

Membranes are recognized as a key component in many environment and energy‐related applications, but conventional membranes are challenged to satisfy the growing demand for ever more energy‐efficient processes. Janus membranes, a novel class with asymmetric properties on each side, have recently emerged and represent enticing opportunities to address this challenge. With an inner driving force arising from their asymmetric configuration, Janus membranes are appealing for enhancing energy efficiency in a variety of membrane processes by promoting the desired transport. Here, the fundamental principles to prepare Janus membranes with asymmetric surface wettability and charges are summarized, and how they work in conventional and unconventional membrane processes is demonstrated.
Advanced Organic and Polymer Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Microresonators for Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Light
Authors: Venkatakrishnarao Dasari , Mamonov Evgeniy A. , Murzina Tatiana V. , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: July 2018

Self‐assembled organic and polymer optical whispering‐gallery‐mode resonators (WGMRs) are emerging as a potential alternative to traditional inorganic resonators. In the beginning, this article presents a brief overview of the key parameters of interest in WGMRs and nonlinear optical properties. Later, recent results are surveyed demonstrating exciting properties of self‐assembled organic and polymer WGMRs of various shapes in the amplification of linear and nonlinear optical effects due to a strong light confinement associated with WGM excitation.
Sorafenib Combined with 5‐azacytidine in Older Patients with Untreated FLT3‐ITD Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ohanian Maro , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Levis Mark , Jabbour Elias , Daver Naval , Borthakur Gautam , Kadia Tapan , Pierce Sherry , Burger Jan , Richie Mary Ann , Patel Keyur , Andreeff Michael , Estrov Zeev , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop , Ravandi Farhad
Published: July 2018

Based on our previous study of the combination of sorafenib with 5‐azacytidine (AZA) in relapsed/refractory patients with FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we hypothesized that the combination would be efficacious and well tolerated in untreated patients with FLT3 mutated AML who are unsuitable for standard chemotherapy due to advanced age or lack of fitness. Newly diagnosed patients with untreated FLT3 mutated AML who underwent frontline therapy on 2 separate protocols of AZA plus sorafenib were analyzed. The clinical trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02196857 and NCT01254890). Overall, 27 patients with untreated FLT3 mutated AML (median age of 74 years, range, 61‐86) were enrolled. The overall response rate was 78% (7 [26%] CR, 12 [44%] CRi/CRp, and 2 [7%] PR). Patients received a median of 3 treatment cycles (1–35). The median duration of CR/CRp/CRi is 14.5 months (1.1–28.7 months). Three (11%) responding patients (1 CR, 2 CRi) proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplant. The median follow‐up for surviving patients was 4.1 months (3.0–17.3 months). The median overall survival for the entire group was 8.3 months, and 9.2 months in the 19 responders. The regimen was well tolerated in elderly patients with untreated FLT3 mutated AML with no early deaths.
Sex bias in rhinology research
Authors: Stephenson Elizabeth D. , Farzal Zainab , Zanation Adam M. , Senior Brent A.
Published: July 2018

Background

Analysis of general surgery literature has revealed noteworthy sex bias and underreporting. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of sex bias and underreporting in rhinology.

Methods

All articles in 2016 issues of Rhinology, the American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy (AJRA), and the International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology (IFAR) were reviewed. Of 369 articles, 248 met inclusion criteria. Excluded studies were cadaveric, meta‐analysis/review, and editorial. Data collected included study type, demographics, and sex‐based statistical analysis.

Results

There were 202 clinical and 46 basic science/translational studies. From 188 of 202 clinical studies with known sex, 1 included participants of a single sex. Sex matching >50% (SM50) was found in 81.9%, and 55.9% performed sex‐based statistical analysis. Domestic clinical studies performed sex‐based analysis more frequently than international (54.9% vs 44.4%) and exhibited a higher rate of SM50 (84.5% vs 80.3%), though these differences were not statistically significant. For basic/translational studies, 54.5% (24/44) provided sex breakdown. Among these, 29.2% included 1 sex, and 8.3% performed sex‐based analysis. Of 10 using animals, 70.0% utilized 1 sex. The remaining 30.0% did not report sex. None of 4 cell line studies reported cell sex. Less than half (46.2%) of domestic and 56.3% of international studies reported sex breakdown; 7.7% of domestic and 3.0% of international studies performed sex‐based analysis.

Conclusion

Although sex may impact outcomes, research without sex reporting and analysis is prevalent, particularly among basic science/translational studies. Future research must account for sex in demographics and analysis to best inform evidence‐based clinical guidelines.
Untersuchung von Ionenhydratation und Ionenpaarbildung mittels THz‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Schwaab Gerhard , Sebastiani Federico , Havenith Martina
Published: July 2018

Die Hydratation von Ionen ist wichtig für das Verständnis fundamentaler Prozesse. Die Verlangsamung der Dynamik von H‐Brücken in der Umgebung von Anionen und Kationen wurde bereits mit verschiedensten spektroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt THz‐FTIR‐Spektroskopie als wichtige Methode, um noch offene Fragen zu klären. Durch eine geschickte Zerlegung von THz‐Spektren können sowohl charakteristische Schwingungen von stark hydratisierten Ionen in ihrem umgebenden “Solvatkäfig” als auch die schwingungsinduzierten Ladungsfluktuationen von schwach solvatisierten Ionen separiert werden. Eine weitergehende Analyse liefert zudem Informationen zur Kooperativität von Kationen und Anionen, der Größe der dynamischen Hydrathülle sowie den Lebensdauern kollektiver Ionen‐Solvatwasser‐Moden und der Zustände des damit verbundenen thermischen Bades. Durch Hinweise auf nicht‐additives Verhalten wird das vereinfachende Hofmeister‐Modell infrage gestellt. Für hohe Salzkonzentrationen wurde mittels THz‐Spektroskopie Ionenpaarbildung beobachtet und quantifiziert.
Arylfluorsulfat‐basierte Elektrophile für die kovalente Proteinmarkierung
Authors: Martín‐Gago Pablo , Olsen Christian A.
Published: July 2018

Die selektive kovalente Modifikation eines Zielproteins wird in der chemischen Biologie und Wirkstoffforschung für Aufgaben von der Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Proteinen und ihren Funktionen bis hin zur Entwicklung zielgerichteter Inhibitoren angewendet. Die meisten kovalenten Liganden weisen ein Affinitätsmotiv und eine elektrophile Gruppe auf, die mit einer nukleophilen Seitenkette des Zielproteins reagiert. Da das Elektrophil unspezifisch mit Nukleophilen reagieren und diese dadurch modifizieren kann, muss seine Reaktivität sorgfältig angepasst werden, um die Selektivität für das Zielprotein zu maximieren. Arylfluorsulfate, latente Elektrophile für die selektive Markierung kontextspezifischer Tyrosin‐ und Lysinseitenketten in Proteintaschen, werden seit jüngerer Zeit als elektrophile Gefechtsköpfe für selektive und kovalente Proteinmodifikationen eingesetzt. Ihr Potenzial für Anwendungen in der chemischen Biologie und Wirkstoffforschung wird in diesem Kurzaufsatz herausgestellt.
An On‐Tissue Paternò–Büchi Reaction for Localization of Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds in Phospholipids and Glycolipids by Matrix‐Assisted Laser‐Desorption–Ionization Mass‐Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Bednařík Antonín , Bölsker Stefan , Soltwisch Jens , Dreisewerd Klaus
Published: July 2018

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) visualizes the distribution of phospho‐ and glycolipids in tissue sections. However, C=C double‐bond (db) positional isomers generally cannot be distinguished. Now an on‐tissue Paternò–Büchi (PB) derivatization procedure that exploits benzaldehyde as a MALDI‐MSI‐compatible reagent is introduced. Laser‐induced postionization (MALDI‐2) was used to boost the yields of protonated PB products. Collision‐induced dissociation of these species generated characteristic ion pairs, indicative of C=C position, for numerous singly and polyunsaturated phospholipids and glycosphingolipids in mouse brain tissue. Several db‐positional isomers of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine species were expressed with highly differential levels in the white and gray matter areas of cerebellum. Our PB‐MALDI‐MS/MS procedure could help to better understand the physiological role of these db‐positional isomers.
Arylmigration durch sichtbares Licht unter homolytischer C‐N‐Spaltung in Arylaminen
Authors: Alpers Dirk , Cole Kevin P. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: July 2018

Die photokatalytische Synthese von aminoalkylierten Heteroaromaten aus Halogenalkylamiden gelingt durch die einer Smiles‐Umlagerung konzeptionell analogen 1,4‐Arylmigration von Stickstoff zu Kohlenstoff. Mit dieser neuartigen Methode kann die Substitution von Aminogruppen in Heteroaromaten durch Aminoalkylmotive unter milden, Iridium(III)‐vermittelten Photoredox‐Bedingungen realisiert werden. Sie bietet einen schnellen Zugang zum Thienoazepinon‐Bicyclus, einem Pharmakophor, der in unterschiedlichen Verbindungen mit potentiellen Anwendungen bei der Behandlung von bestimmten Entzündungen und psychischen Krankheiten vorkommt.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereospecific C−H Coupling of Benzamides with Epoxides
Authors: Xu Shibo , Takamatsu Kazutaka , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro
Published: July 2018

A Ni(OAc)2‐catalyzed C−H coupling of 8‐aminoquinoline‐derived benzamides with epoxides has been developed. The reaction proceeds with concomitant removal of the 8‐aminoquinoline auxiliary to form the corresponding 3,4‐dihydroisocoumarins directly. Additionally, the nickel catalysis is stereospecific, and the cis‐ and trans‐epoxides are converted into the corresponding cis‐ and trans‐dihydroisocoumarins with retention of configuration, which is complementary to previously reported palladium catalysis. Moreover, while still preliminary, the C
−H functionalization is also achieved in the presence of modified NiCl2 catalysts.
Mesoporous silica supported ytterbium as catalyst for synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles and 2‐substituted benzimidazoles
Authors: Samanta Partha Kumar , Banerjee Rumeli , Richards Ryan M. , Biswas Papu
Published: July 2018

The benzimidazole ring is an important pharmacophore in contemporary drug discovery. Thus, effort to identifying new compounds containing benzimidazole scaffolds have gained much attention in recent years. In the present study, MCM‐41 type mesoporous silica with large pore (l‐MSN) supported ytterbium was successfully prepared by wet impregnation method. Among rare earth metal salts, ytterbium triflate has already been widely investigated as a catalyst in organic synthesis but less toxic ytterbium oxide has yet to be explored. Relatively high abundance and low cost of ytterbium with respect to many catalytically active metals (e.g. Pd, Au, Ru, Ir, Pt) offer an opportunity to develop sustainable catalysts for organic conversions. The catalyst has been characterized by various techniques including nitrogen adsorption, FT‐IR, TEM, SEM, EDX technique and elemental mapping. The obtained materials exhibit high surface area and a narrow distribution of mesoporosity. The catalytic performance of the Yb@l–MSNs was tested by synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles and 2‐substituted benzimidazoles through the coupling of aldehydes with o‐phenylenediamine. The catalyst resulted in excellent yields in short reaction times and the reaction showed tolerance toward both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing functional groups at room temperature. A particularly interesting finding was the solvent selectivity of this reaction; namely, 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles generated as major product in water‐ethanol, while the 2‐substituted benzimidazoles was generated exclusively in non‐polar solvents like toluene.
Effects of reaction conditions on catalytic hydroconversion of phenethoxybenzene over bifunctional Ni/Hβ
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Wei Xian‐Yong , Ma Yu‐Miao , Zong Zhi‐Min
Published: July 2018

An active Ni/Hβ catalyst was successfully prepared by decomposing nickel carbonyl to dispersed metallic Ni onto Hβ support. Phenethoxybenzene (POB) was used as a lignin model compound to evaluate the catalytic activity. The effects of reaction temperature, initial H2 pressure (IHP), and reaction time on the catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) of POB was studied. The results show that Ni/Hβ effectively catalyzed POB convert to monocyclic cyclanes via direct hydrogenation of benzene ring (BR) in POB, the cleavage of C‐O bridged bond induced by H+ addition, dehydration, and H− abstraction under higher IHPs. Alternatively, the CHC of POB proceeds preferentially via direct cleavage of C–O bridged bond induced by H+ addition, followed by BR hydrogenation, dehydration, and H− abstraction under lower IHP. Bicyclic cyclanes were produced via rearrangement reactions, which proceed more easily either at higher temperatures or under lower IHPs.
Correlation between morphology and electrical breakdown strength of the polypropylene/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/nano‐ZrO2 ternary system
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Cheng Lu , Liu Xiaowei , Liu Chengming , Chi Xiaohong , Li Shengtao
Published: July 2018

A ternary system composed of isotactic polypropylene (PP), maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH), and nano‐ZrO2 was designed. To investigate the influence of each composition, we systematically designed orthogonal tests with 25 samples with various PP‐g‐MAH (0–70 wt %) and nano‐ZrO2 concentrations (0–5 wt %). Microscopic observation showed that the introduction of PP‐g‐MAH could distinctively benefit the dispersion of nanoparticles. This can be understood by chemical bonds between PP‐g‐MAH and the nano‐ZrO2 surface, which was evidenced by infrared spectroscopy. Meanwhile, both the crystalline properties and aggregation structures were improved within this ternary system. Macroscopically, a great enhancement of DC breakdown strength (BDS) as high as 43.3% was achieved when the PP‐g‐MAH concentration was 50 wt % and the nano‐ZrO2 concentration was 0.5 wt %. Moreover, the effects of PP‐g‐MAH and nano‐ZrO2 were revealed respectively. The increase of nano‐ZrO2 content could cause the first increase and then decrease of BDS. The influence of PP‐g‐MAH on breakdown strength was obviously shown by the analysis of variance, and the rising PP‐g‐MAH concentration could lead to the nano‐ZrO2 content with the highest BDS shifted to higher loading, indicating that the modified dispersion of nanoparticles played the dominant role in the breakdown performance improvement. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46842.
Anti‐bias policy and procedures overhaul campus safety climate
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2018

When Arlene Sabo joined Vassar College as the safety and security director, the college had just undergone an external public safety management study. The issue of racial profiling on campus was a major focus of the study.
Maximize your leadership potential by understanding the 5 levels of leadership
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: July 2018

DALLAS — “Everything rises and falls on leadership,” said John C. Maxwell, author of The 5 Levels of Leadership: Proven Steps to Maximize Your Potential and a number of other best‐selling management books. He spoke at the American Association of Community Colleges annual convention.
Provide central leadership that complements your managers' work
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: July 2018

Wrapping up some spring cleaning recently, I realized how our home's two fireplaces — and our central air heating system — all contribute to keeping our home comfortable on colder evenings and days. I also realized home heating designs and organizational leadership share similarities.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of the Cobalt (III) Complex with N,N‐Diethyl‐4‐(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin‐4′‐yl)aniline
Authors: Zou Bi‐Qun , Wang Shu‐Long , Qin Qi‐Pin , Bai Yu‐Xia , Tan Ming‐Xiong
Published: July 2018

A cobalt(III) complex, [Co(L)2](ClO4)3 (1), in which the ligand L was N,N‐diethyl‐4‐(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin‐4′‐yl)aniline (L), was synthesized and fully characterized. This new cobalt(III) complex 1 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against HeLa, T‐24, A549, MGC80‐3, HepG2, and SK‐OV‐3 cells with IC50 values in the micromolar range (0.52 – 4.33 μm), and it exhibited low cytotoxicity against normal HL‐7702 cells. The complex 1 was the most potent against the T‐24 cells. It was found that 1 could cause the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, and it exerted its antitumor activity mainly via disruption of mitochondrial function.
Peptide‐Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates as Sequential Cascade Catalysts
Authors: Mikolajczak Dorian J. , Koksch Beate
Published: July 2018

Combining bio‐ and chemocatalysis in one pot is a challenging task due to the necessity to ensure compatible reaction conditions, as well as reagent tolerance, for the catalytic components. Here we present a peptide‐gold nanoparticle conjugate that combines esterase (biocatalysis) and hydrogenation (chemocatalysis) activities under the same set of aqueous reaction conditions. The self‐assembled peptide‐monolayer acts as an esterase mimic and shows positive cooperativity in substrate binding, an important feature used by nature to regulate catalytic activities of enzymes. The gold nanoparticle surface catalyzes the reduction of a nitro‐containing substrate to an amine product. This study opens up a new avenue in the design of peptide‐metal nanoparticle catalysts with enzyme‐like properties for efficient one‐pot reactions.
Phosphenium‐Cation‐Mediated Formal Cycloaddition Approach to Benzophospholes
Authors: Nishimura Kazutoshi , Unoh Yuto , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro
Published: July 2018

A phosphenium‐cation‐mediated formal [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction of internal alkynes is reported. The reaction proceeds under metal‐free conditions to give the corresponding C−P rearranged benzophospholes regioselectively, even when ortho‐ and para‐substituted arylphosphine oxides are starting substrates. Mechanistic studies by 31P{1H} NMR analysis suggest an involvement of three‐membered phosphirenium cation species and C−P rearrangement prior to a ring closure for benzophosphole skeleton formation.
Synthesis of Ru‐silica aerogel as efficient catalyst for hydrogenation of p‐phenylenediamine to 1,4‐cyclohexanediamine
Authors: Liu Chunyang , Zhang Yu , Cai Jianguo
Published: July 2018

Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS) were used as raw materials to prepare an Ru‐silica aerogel catalyst by sol‐gel and the supercritical drying method. The catalyst was characterized by various techniques including BET, TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS, XRD, TG, and EDS. It was used for the hydrogenation of p‐phenylenediamine (PDA) to 1,4‐cyclohexanediamine (CHDA). The effect of various parameters, such as loading methods, catalyst components, catalyst amount, and the reaction time were systematically investigated. It was found by XPS that supercritical ethanol can convert Ru3+ to Ru0 by its strong reducing property. The catalyst prepared by sol‐gel and the supercritical drying method is homogeneous, with high loading rates and a high specific surface area above 700 m2/g. The reactivity of the catalyst prepared by the sol‐gel method is much higher than that prepared by the impregnation method. The PDA conversion of 99 % alone with the CHDA selectivity of 64 % were achieved under the reaction temperature of 150 °C and the pressure of 5 Mpa for 1 h. The PDA conversion decreased as the MTMS ratio increased in the catalyst. The anti‐cis ratio of CHDA reached the maximum value (2.25) when the ratio of MTMS/ TEOS was 2/3.
Single‐Cell, Time‐Lapse Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in E. coli
Authors: Yang Zhilin , Choi Heejun
Published: July 2018

Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria has been limited to bulk biochemical assays. Although they are powerful and quantitative tools to understand the overall production of ROS in E. coli, such assays provide limited spatial and temporal information when correlating cellular phenotype with perturbations such as antibiotics or other treatments. We have developed single‐cell, time‐lapse assays to detect ROS in live E. coli. The assays utilize flow systems on a fluorescence microscope to correlate symptoms aroused from biological or chemical perturbations with the in situ detection of ROS. ROS is detected by fluorogenic dyes that accumulate inside the cell, allowing detection of ROS in single cells in both homogeneous and heterogeneous samples using CellROX Green and Amplex® Red/APEX2. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Establishing an Organotypic System for Investigating Multimodal Neural Repair Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells
Authors: Thakor Devang K. , Wang Lei , Benedict Darcy , Kabatas Serdar , Zafonte Ross D. , Teng Yang D.
Published: July 2018

Human mesenchymal stromal stem cells (hMSCs) hold regenerative medicine potential due to their availability, in vitro expansion readiness, and autologous feasibility. For neural repair, hMSCs show translational value in research on stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and traumatic brain injury. It is pivotal to establish multimodal in vitro systems to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying neural actions of hMSCs. Here, we describe a platform protocol on how to set up organotypic co‐cultures of hMSCs (alone or polymer‐scaffolded) with explanted adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) to determine neural injury and recovery events for designing implants to counteract neurotrauma sequelae. We emphasize in vitro hMSC propagation, polymer scaffolding, hMSC stemness maintenance, hMSC‐DRG interaction profiling, and analytical formulas of neuroinflammation, trophic factor expression, DRG neurite outgrowth and tropic tracking, and in vivo verification of tailored implants in rodent models of SCI. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analytical solutions for high efficiency maximum power point tracking boost converters
Authors: Ashraf Mohammadreza
Published: July 2018

This paper presents analytical solutions for high efficiency maximum power point tracking boost converters. Employing analytical approach, it is shown that insertion of a capacitor in parallel with the input voltage source successfully increases the efficiency. Besides, the optimum value for this capacitor is derived. Also, it is proved that the maximum power point of such a boost converter is independent of the input voltage source. In order to evaluate this analytical approach, a typical boost converter is designed in a 180‐nm CMOS technology using Hspice. Based on the simulation results, it is shown that all of the input available power can be stored in the inductor. This proves that, with the aid of the proposed approach, maximum power point tracking can be done by >99% accuracy. Also, the boost converter efficiency is as high as 84% which shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Development of micro‐inclined well array for trapping single cells
Authors: Tsukamoto Takuya , Furuya Naoki , Shimagami Takuya , Sato Rui , Shimokawa Fusao , Akimitsu Kazuya , Suzuki Takaaki
Published: July 2018

We investigated the shape of a well to trap single cells for the purpose of improving the cell trapping rate after cell seeding and liquid exchange in a cell microarray. The wells having vertical and inclined tapered side‐wall were made using three‐dimensional UV photolithography. Changes in cell trapping rate by the shape of the wells were evaluated by trapping tests with fluorescent microbeads and living cells. As a result of trapping test with living cells, bead residual rate of the microarray with inclined tapered wells is up to 2.9 times higher than that with vertical wells.
Early effector maturation of naïve human CD8+ T cells requires mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Fischer Marco , Bantug Glenn R. , Dimeloe Sarah , Gubser Patrick M. , Burgener Anne‐Valérie , Grählert Jasmin , Balmer Maria L. , Develioglu Leyla , Steiner Rebekah , Unterstab Gunhild , Sauder Ursula , Hoenger Gideon , Hess Christoph
Published: July 2018

The role of mitochondrial biogenesis during naïve to effector differentiation of CD8+ T cells remains ill explored. In this study, we describe a critical role for early mitochondrial biogenesis in supporting cytokine production of nascent activated human naïve CD8+ T cells. Specifically, we found that prior to the first round of cell division activated naïve CD8+ T cells rapidly increase mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, which were all inter‐linked and important for CD8+ T cell effector maturation. Inhibition of early mitochondrial biogenesis diminished mROS dependent IL‐2 production – as well as subsequent IL‐2 dependent TNF, IFN‐γ, perforin, and granzyme B production. Together, these findings point to the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis during early effector maturation of CD8+ T cells.
Storage Stability of β‐Carotene in Model Beverage Emulsions: Implication of Interfacial Thickness
Authors: Song Ha Youn , Moon Tae Wha , Choi Seung Jun
Published: July 2018

In order to evaluate the implications of the interfacial thickness of emulsions on the stability of encapsulated β‐carotene, emulsions are prepared using polyethyleneglycol alkyl ether emulsifiers having various numbers of oxyethylene groups. At pH 3, β‐carotene in emulsions having a thinner interfacial membrane formed with emulsifiers having less oxyethylene groups [0.050 day−1 of degradation rate constant (k)] slowly decompose, compared with ones stabilized with emulsifiers containing more oxyethylene groups (0.068 day−1 of k). At pH 3, iron molecules promote the degradation of β‐carotene. Ferrous iron‐mediated β‐carotene degradation is faster in emulsions with a thicker interfacial membrane (0.113 and 0.165 day−1 of k for emulsions stabilized with emulsifiers having the smallest and largest number of oxyethylene groups). Interfacial denseness is not an important determinant in β‐carotene degradation (p > 0.05) when emulsions are stabilized by emulsifiers having the similar number of oxyethylene groups. Conclusively, the interfacial denseness and thickness of emulsions are important factors for inhibiting β‐carotene degradation in emulsions.

Practical Applications: β‐carotene stability in emulsions is greatly influenced by their interfacial characteristics, depending on what is responsible for the β‐carotene degradation. Therefore, when designing the emulsion‐formed delivery systems it would be important to engineer the interfacial membrane of emulsion droplets to improve β‐carotene stability therein.

Interfacial thickness which is attributed by the hydrophilic group size (or length) of emulsifiers used is an important determinant in the chemical stability of β‐carotene encapsulated into emulsions but sometimes it is not.
A closer look at Verogen's Forenseq™ DNA Signature Prep kit autosomal and Y‐STR data for streamlined analysis of routine reference samples
Authors: Moreno Lilliana I. , Galusha Michelle B. , Just Rebecca
Published: July 2018

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) provides forensic DNA laboratories an option to overcome the limitations associated with CE and current STR assays. Verogen's MPS ForenseqTM DNA Signature kit concomitantly amplifies 27 autosomal, 7 X‐, and 24 Y‐STRs. In addition, 94 identity, 56 ancestry, and 22 phenotypic‐informative SNPs are included for a total of over 200 markers in one multiplex. An internal validation of this platform was conducted using reference samples to investigate whether the Forenseq™ DNA Signature Prep kit, specifically primer panel B, has the capability to provide consistent and accurate typing/sequencing data. The data presented in this report is limited to that corresponding to autosomal and Y‐STRs. Results suggest that the system can consistently generate accurate genotyping data when up to 40 high‐quality, high‐quantity (i.e. 1 ng) single source samples are pooled into a sequencing reaction. The results generated were used to determine appropriate analysis parameters and thresholds for streamlined data interpretation of reference samples.
Will the United States continue to enroll more international students by 2020?
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: July 2018

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, international students contributed nearly $40 billion to the U.S. economy in 2016 and supported more than 450,000 jobs. Dick Startz, an economics professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, puts the figure even higher, at $50 billion.
The effects of industrial energy consumption on energy‐related carbon emissions at national and provincial levels in China
Authors: Lu Lanlan , Zhou Li , Zhang Hongyu , Weng Yuyan
Published: July 2018

China has been making efforts for accelerating energy conservation in industry for many years. Logarithmic mean divisia index approach was used to analyze the effects of industrial energy consumption on energy‐related carbon emissions. Energy‐related CO2 emissions at national and provincial levels from 2005 to 2013 were calculated and CO2 emissions from net import electricity were considered. Carbon emissions were then decomposed according to several factors, including CO2 emissions per unit of energy consumption, proportion of industrial energy consumption in total energy consumption, energy consumption per unit of industrial added value, industrial proportion, GDP per capita, and proportion of provincial population. The results showed that GDP per capita was the main factor influencing the increase in CO2 emissions. The sharp decrease in energy consumption per unit in industrial added value played a critical role in emissions mitigation and could be the focus in controlling emissions in the future. It is worthwhile to note that variations were observed among provinces. Key influencing factors of provinces could be different from each other. Differentiated measurements of energy conservation and emissions reduction should be formulated and implemented according to the distinctive development characteristics in the future.
Utilizing a 5G spectrum for health care to detect the tremors and breathing activity for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Haider Daniyal , Ren Aifeng , Fan Dou , Zhao Nan , Yang Xiaodong , Tanoli Shujaat Ali Khan , Zhang Zhiya , Hu Fangming , Shah Syed Aziz , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: July 2018

Utilizing fifth‐generation (5G) sensing in the health care sector with increased capacity and massive spectrum range increases the quality of health care monitoring systems. In this paper, 5G C‐band sensing operating at 4.8 GHz is used to monitor a particular body motion of multiple sclerosis patients, especially the tremors and breathing patterns. The breathing pattern obtained using 5G C‐band technology is compared with the invasive breathing sensor to monitor the subtle chest movements caused due to respiration. The 5G C‐band has a huge spectrum from 1 to 100 GHz, which enhances the capacity and performance of wireless communication by increasing the data rate from 20 Gb/s to 1 Tb/s. The system captures and monitors the wireless channel information of different body motions and efficiently identifies the tremors experienced since each body motion induces a unique imprint that is used for a particular purpose. Different machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbors, and random forest are used to classify the wireless channel information data obtained for various human activities. The values obtained using different machine learning algorithms for various performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, Kappa, and F‐measure indicate that the proposed method can efficiently identify the particular conditions experienced by multiple sclerosis patients.
Modeling relatedness and demography in social evolution
Authors: Cooper Guy A. , Levin Samuel R. , Wild Geoff , West Stuart A.
Published: July 2018

With any theoretical model, the modeler must decide what kinds of detail to include and which simplifying assumptions to make. It could be assumed that models that include more detail are better, or more correct. However, no model is a perfect description of reality and the relative advantage of different levels of detail depends on the model's empirical purpose. We consider the specific case of how relatedness is modeled in the field of social evolution. Different types of model either leave relatedness as an independent parameter (open models), or include detail for how demography and life cycle determine relatedness (closed models). We exploit the social evolution literature, especially work on the evolution of cooperation, to analyze how useful these different approaches have been in explaining the natural world. We find that each approach has been successful in different areas of research, and that more demographic detail is not always the most empirically useful strategy.
Do mergers and acquisitions announcements create value for acquirer shareholders in Africa
Authors: Amewu Godfred , Alagidede Paul
Published: July 2018

This study provides evidence of positive abnormal returns earned by shareholders of acquirers upon merger and acquisition (M&A) announcements on African markets. We observed significant cumulative abnormal returns for wider windows up to 25 days before and after M&A announcements. Confidentiality about pending merger announcements is poorly held, resulting in significant information leakage occurring up to six trading days. Further, we establish that firm industry, mode of payment, and nature of acquisition significantly influence abnormal returns. Finally, the paper found strong positive effect of firm‐specific factors (firm size and return on equity) on investor's investment decisions following a merger announcement.
Adsorptive removal of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions using zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Monsef Khoshhesab Zahra , Souhani Samira
Published: July 2018

In this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared by the precipitation method were employed as a potential adsorbent for the removal of Acid Black 210 (AB210) and Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) dyes from aqueous solutions. The prepared ZnO NPs were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption methods. Various parameters affecting the removal efficiency, such as solution pH, shaking time, adsorbent amount, and the dye concentration, were studied and optimized. The experimental data were analyzed by different kinetic and isothermal models. This study suggests ZnO NPs as an effective adsorbent for the removal of the dyes from polluted water.