bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dark side of facilitation: native shrubs facilitate exotic annuals more strongly than native annuals
Authors: Lucero Jacob E. , Noble Taylor , Haas Stephanie , Westphal Michael , Butterfield H. Scott , Lortie Christopher J.
Published: April 2019

Positive interactions enhance biodiversity and ecosystem function, but can also exacerbate biological invasions. Facilitation of exotic invaders by exotic foundation species (invasional meltdown) has been studied extensively, but facilitation of exotic invaders by native foundation species has attracted less attention. Specifically, very few studies have examined the extent that native foundation species facilitate native and exotic competitors. Understanding the processes that mediate interactions between native and exotic species can help explain, predict, and improve management of biological invasions. Here, we examined the effects of native foundation shrubs on the relative abundance of the annual plant community – including native and exotic taxa – from 2015–2018 in a desert ecosystem at Carrizo Plain National Monument, California, USA (elevation: 723 m). Shrub effects varied by year and by the identity of annual species, but shrubs consistently enhanced the abundance of the annual plant community and facilitated both native (n=17 species) and exotic (n=4 species) taxa. However, at the provenance level, exotic annuals were facilitated 2.75 times stronger in abundance than native annuals, and exotic annuals were always more abundant than natives both near and away from shrubs. Our study reaffirms facilitation as an important process in the organisation of plant communities and confirms that both native and exotic species can form positive associations with native foundation species. However, facilitation by native foundation species can exacerbate biological invasions by increasing the local abundance of exotic invaders. Thus, the force of facilitation can have a dark side relevant to ecosystem function and management.
A taxonomic note on the helicoid land snail genus Traumatophora (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae)
Authors: Wu Min
Published: April 2019

Traumatophoratriscalpta(Martens, 1875) is reported for the first time from the Tianmushan Mountains, Zhejiang Province, and its morpho-anatomy is described based on this new material. The genusTraumatophorais redefined on the basis of both shell and genital anatomy of its type species. The presence of the dart apparatus suggests this genus belongs to the subfamily Bradybaeninae rather than to the Camaeninae. This genus is distinguished from all other Chinese bradybaenine genera by the combination of the following key morphological characteristics: embryonic shell smooth, palatal teeth present, dart sac tiny with rounded proximal accessory sac that opens into a dart sac chamber, mucous glands well developed, entering an accessory sac through a papilla, epiphallic papilla absent, flagellum present. A comparison is also presented of Chinese bradybaenine genera with known terminal genitalia.
Moving Away From the “Chalk and Board”
Authors: Esnard Talia Randa , Mohammed Linda Lila
Published: April 2019

Freire contended that teachers' knowledge sets are incomplete without the critical engagement and dialogic exchange with students. Such non-hierarchical and collaborative arrangements are perceived to be at the crux of transformative praxis. As a way of testing the possibilities around this pedagogical alternative, this project encouraged teachers to creatively explore critical pedagogical approaches (CPA) in the classroom and the extent to which this enhanced the engagement of students, and, ultimately, their ability to critically apply their understanding of existing knowledge frames to the formation and presentation of new forms of knowledge. Written observations and self-reflections point to the salience of systemic constraints that were rooted in the structural and cultural facets of the school system, and the effect of these both on teachers' adoption of a bimodal model of instruction, and, on their partial success in this endeavor. Implications for theory and practices are herein discussed.
The Role of Student Feedback in Building Reflexive Teachers
Authors: Burchill Kerri Pilling , Anderson David
Published: April 2019

The contemporary demands of the education environment today require that teachers refine their reflective thinking skills and shift towards the deeper critical thinking skills inherent in reflexive thinking. Reflexivity is a deeper level of critical thinking that assumes a degree of metacognition and “knowing-in-action” (Schon, 1983, p. 50). Metacognition is a critical tool in helping individuals become more aware of their deeply seeded biases and tacit assumptions about the way the world works. Through a phenomenological analysis of four individual case studies, this study found that student feedback was a key catalyst for building reflexivity skills. Specifically, the study details the key ways by which feedback prompted novice teachers to metacognitively think through their knowing-in-action and ultimately improve their teaching practice. The research details important implications in three areas: 1) practice, 2) theory, and 3) future research.
The Power of Praxis
Authors: Foster Sandra L. Guzman , Fleenor Stephen J.
Published: April 2019

This chapter introduces the concept of infusing critical thinking and reflection as part of professional development for teachers, as well as provides recommendations for schools to promote critical thinking and reflection as part of teachers' daily practice. Constructs, such as problem posing and dialogue, are introduced to provide examples of promising practices to consider implementing as a means to enhance critical thinking and reflection amongst teachers when participating in professional development. Additionally, professional learning communities and self-directed professional development are introduced as spaces for teachers to practice these constructs to transform their praxis. Providing opportunities for critical thinking and reflection is one of many steps schools and districts must take, to bring about the positive change required for future success of the education system.
Planning Curriculum for Teaching Thinking Skills Needed for 21st Century Education
Authors: Dhir Harpreet Kaur
Published: April 2019

This chapter provides a method for meeting the educational demands of the 21st century. The Content through Action method (CTA) provides a process to plan integrated instructional units for connecting various subject matter areas. Based on the researcher's experience in designing interdisciplinary units, the chapter includes the CTA process of building a unit and the research-based rationale behind each step of the process. The literature review includes discussion of the Four Cs, the 21st-century classroom, the motivation of learners, and the teacher's role. The theoretical framework is built on the foundation provided by constructivism, heutagogy, design thinking, the theory of change, and the growth mindset. After teaching other methods such as problem-based and design-based learning, the author asserts that the CTA method of instructional planning promotes the development of thinking skills compatible with the needs of the 21st-century learner.
Critical Thinking in Science and Technology
Authors: Samuel David Florius
Published: April 2019

From as far back as the 1980s, many researchers have cited the importance of critical thinking in the citizens of modern societies. Given this importance, the merits of including critical thinking as a major objective at various levels of the education system and in different subject areas of the school curriculum have been extensively argued. This chapter focuses on science and technology curricula and rationalizes the need for changes both in the development as well as the implementation of the curriculum to facilitate the promotion of critical thinking skills in students. There is also an extensive discussion of particular instructional approaches and strategies needed to facilitate this.
Critical Thinking and Mathematics Teaching and Learning
Authors: Thomas Kelli , Huffman Douglas , Caballero Mari
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this chapter was to investigate pre-service teachers' noticing of children's critical thinking and views towards eliciting and using students' critical thinking in mathematics teaching. A mixed method study was used to provide a range of perspectives on pre-service teachers' views towards mathematics. The results indicated that the pre-service teachers initially held beliefs that mathematics teaching and learning consist of transferring information and students absorbing and memorizing information. The pre-service teachers based their instructional responses on experiences they had as students in elementary mathematics classrooms. The pre-service teachers described what they had observed about teaching mathematics as the ideal without regard for how the teaching behaviors they observed might influence children's critical thinking about mathematics. After completing a mathematics methods course, the pre-service teachers held beliefs more consistent with a reform-oriented classroom and demonstrated growth in their ability to notice children's mathematics thinking.
Fostering Critical Thinking Using Instructional Strategies in English Classes
Authors: Orakcı Şenol , Durnali Mehmet , Aktan Osman
Published: April 2019

The aim of the chapter is to provide both theoretical and practical ideas about critical thinking development within English language teaching contexts. Encouraging language learners to be critical thinkers is important in teaching English as a foreign language. However, achieving the goal remains a challenge. Using various strategies together seem to be effective when properly implemented. Therefore this chapter outlines these strategies which include communicative language tasks, using authentic meaningful texts, using critical literacy, being aware of whole-brain learning, adopting a reflective teaching, enabling students to become autonomous, using explicit instruction, teacher questioning, using active and cooperative learning strategies, using literature in English classes, using creative drama, and adopting self-assessment. Teachers can enable learners to have critical thinking skills and more efficient English lessons by combining these strategies in a new way or by designing critical thinking activities in the classroom.
Education Ecosystems in the Anthropocene Period
Authors: Railean Elena Aurel
Published: April 2019

Learning and communication received much attention in applied learning theory since it provides instructional designers with opportunity to plan and innovative learning environments and spaces. However, not only do many teachers find learning and communication demanding, it also remains unclear what they should do to foster learning and communication in teaching and self-directed learning activities. This chapter investigates the issue of learning and communication from the perspective of ecology science and phenomenology. The first objective aims to identify new drives and ecological events within behavioral and cognitive processes. The second objective is to describe the concept of education ecosystem, its structure, and functions. Results show that important drives of ecological ecosystems are information overload, extra time of working on computer, old classroom settings, and the old content of textbooks This leads to importance of the practical application of the cognitive and organisational ergonomics norms in learning design. In addition, is important to remark that the behavior of drives, influenced by personalized events, marks the capacity of learning and communication of each individual.
Learning Ecosystem for Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Anbalagan G.
Published: April 2019

Open and distance learning (ODL) has attained paradigm shift in the recent years as the system serves to the educational aspirations of millions of learners. The digital innovations and growing trends of skill enhancement around the globe attracts the learners into ODL system to increase their knowledge through lifelong learning opportunities extended by such institutions. On the other hand, the conventional mode of higher educational institutions are keen in developing massive open online courses (MOOC) for the knowledge empowerment of the society in various disciplines of study which is a raising trend of educational opportunities to cater the needs of aspiring peoples. In the competitive edge of educational domain with more private educational institutions, the demand for open and distance learning is still continuing rapidly in the most populated countries like China, India, and Pakistan. Hence, the competitive ecosystem development with the digital tools for learning is absolute necessary.
Skills Development With Educational Software
Authors: Natalia Burlacu
Published: April 2019

This chapter, analyzing existing theories and eco-systems of learning and communication, capitalizes its components. Taking into account the digital reality that surrounds us and ultimately determines school, academic, professional, and social success, it is proposed an eco-system model for developing the competences of the learner according to the scholar curriculum through digital resources, on the example of using educational software, this being one of the many finished products of information and communication technology (ICT) that the actors of an educational process can now benefit.
Responsive Teaching in the Conditions of Intercultural Communication
Authors: Rusu Marinela
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to inform educators and teachers about the central role of communication in today's classroom, confronted with the actual reality of cultural diversity. That includes the cultural diversity of children but also of the educators. The author ia particularly interested in helping teachers understand the ways in which diversity influences classroom communication and learning orientations. Analyzing intercultural competencies, there will be a better understanding of student-teacher communication and interaction. The new way of implementing the intercultural education ideas is the culturally responsive teaching, presented in this chapter with its most important characteristics. Teachers can also use different means of communication in classrooms, and that is why the author gave a great importance to exploring the communication skills that are indispensable to any teacher in his/her educational interaction. All these modern educational elements are included in a larger ecological perspective, which includes behavioral modification and a better integration in the environment.
Mobile Phone Usage and Its Socio-Economic Impacts in Pakistan
Authors: Jamil Sadia
Published: April 2019

Through examining use of mobile in Pakistan's Sindh province, the current chapter presents a unique and interesting case of the socio-economic impacts of mobile use on users' lifestyles. Although there exists an obvious divide between urban and rural areas in terms of impacts of mobile use, the case of Pakistan could serve as an alert to scholars that why mobile use remains limited in narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas against a backdrop of mobile being widely believed to be able to play a big role in narrowing the social and economic gap between urban and rural areas. The author of this chapter found that mobile use was also gender-biased in rural areas, resulting in a gap between males and females as far as social and economic impacts of mobile use on their lifestyles.
Commercial Use of Mobile Social Media and Social Relationship
Authors: Zhenhui Li , Sulei Dai
Published: April 2019

China is well known for its wide and increasing commercial use of mobile social media for various purposes in different areas, ranging from online shopping to social networking. Such a popular commercial use was insightfully examined in relation to social relationship in the age of mobile internet, which enables people of either weak or strong connections to socialize anywhere anytime, leading to scenarios where mobile social media can be leveraged for profits. In what way can user experiences be guaranteed while platforms' value-added targets be achieved at the same time? In addressing that question, the authors of this chapter examined the commercial use of mobile social media in the context of complicated social networks. It is expected from the editor that further studies are to be carried out to comprehensively and comparatively examine the same topic in different countries or cultures.
Smart Tourist Experiences
Authors: Menezes Natalia , Barbosa Belem , Laborda Carolina Barrios , Callejas Dayana R Pinzón
Published: April 2019

After a comprehensive review on mobile tourism experience, the authors have identified the benefits and impacts of mobile use to tourists and their experiences. Besides locating similarities and differences in using mobile for tourism, the authors have confirmed that mobile empowers tourists to get more from their vacations and to have more flexible planning, resulting in satisfaction and accomplishment. This chapter enlightens tourism operators, among other stakeholders, on the opportunities for contextualized mobile advertising, which would attract and convert tourists into potential customers.
Strategic Behavior in Family Firms
Authors: Barros Ismael , Hernangómez Juan , Cruz Natalia Martín
Published: April 2019

Previous research emphasizes that the participation of the family in business operations is the source of resources and capabilities that conditions the strategic behavior of the family firm. This influence has been recognized as “familiness.” However, this definition is contextualized from static reasoning that ignores the effect of family dynamics on the behavior and value generation of the family-owned business. Prior literature has recognized that the family influence has a dynamic character based on the idiosyncratic process of knowledge management that manifests itself in the company, dynamic familiness. This family capability is shaped by family organizational routines through the family influence and aims to increase its knowledge portfolios for the strategic use of its resources. This chapter addresses the relationship between family influence and the process of learning and knowledge management. The analysis of this relationship allows assessing how family influence can promote the generation of family organizational routines based on knowledge management processes.
Use of NLP and SEM in Determining Factors for E-Service Adoption
Authors: Ray Arghya , Bala Pradip Kumar
Published: April 2019

With the emergence of digitalization on a large scale and the increasing penetration of the internet, there has been a need to perform analysis on a real-time basis. With the abundance of information available from various sources, user opinions when captured and analyzed properly can give interesting insights. It also reduces the efforts needed in conducting survey data for testing of any structural model. SEM technique being a “silver bullet” for estimating causal models, in this chapter, the authors have focused on explaining a new avenue of using structured equation modeling (SEM) through use of natural language processing (NLP) techniques on user opinion data available in various social platforms using an example of adoption of e-health services in India.
Usage of E-Zwich Among Students in Developing Countries
Authors: Aidoo-Buameh Julius , Ayagre Philip , Bruce-Twum Ernest
Published: April 2019

E-Zwich payment system is the innovative method for improving accessibility to banking and retail services in Ghana, though some have predicted its failure despite some schools officially signing up to it. Government's attempts at mainstreaming this cashless system into national statistical economic data are stifled with data distortions. The chapter looks at how acceptable the E-Zwich system is among students and the possible factors that would drive its sustainability by determining plausibility of relationships among the network of variables. The study concludes that signing on to the E-Zwich facility and owning a card for a long time does not necessarily translate into perceived usefulness, but builds usage experience and efficiency, thereby reducing user complaints. Unattended challenges/complaints hampers cash mobilization to short change the cashless agenda among the youth.
Investigation of Internet Banking Users' Perceptions and Factors Affecting Internet Banking Benchmarks
Authors: Akgül Yakup , Öztürk Tuğçe , Varol Züleyha
Published: April 2019

Increasing consumer needs in parallel with technological developments brought different demands with it. One of the activities to meet these developing and changing needs in the banking sector is the development and utilization of web-based applications. The main aim of the chapter is to approach the perceptions of internet banking customers and the factors that affect the adoption of internet banking. To explain the acceptance of internet banking in the study, the extended technology acceptance model, “UTAUT2,” which is called the most comprehensive of the technology acceptance models and the latest developed, has been applied and expanded by adding the perceived risk factor. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the collected data from the applied questionnaires. The results show that behavioral intention is significantly influenced by performance expectation and price value. However, perceived risk, social impact, effort anticipation, hedonic motivation has not been seen to have a significant effect on behavioral intentions.
A Compilation of the Research Models Regarding E-Commerce Web Site Success
Authors: Civelek Mustafa Emre
Published: April 2019

The aim of this chapter was to review the researches which were conducted on success of electronic commerce web sites. In particular, for the electronic commerce companies operating in the field of B2C, the main determinants of success are the attitudes and perceptions of customers regarding the website. In the literature, researchers suggested different models to explain the relationships among dimensions which are determining the success of information system. Some of them also adopted these models into the B2C area. These attempts enlighten the managerial problems encountered by the executives of the B2C enterprises. Consequently, in this study, in the light of compiled models, some suggestions have been made to guide the executives.
Myth Busting
Authors: Bussert-Webb Kathy , Díaz María E.
Published: April 2019

This longitudinal qualitative study, involving low-income parents and children, tutorial-agency staff, and one college student (all Latinx), took place in a city along the U.S./Mexico border. Data sources included field notes through participant observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The authors asked, “How are parents involved in their children's education? What limitations or barriers do they express?” Using a social justice framework and grounded-theory data analysis, these types of parental involvement emerged: academic, social skills, school volunteerism, extracurricular activities, community, and college enrollment. Conversely, parents expressed involvement obstacles. Implications relate to changing the deficit discourse regarding low-income, immigrant parents' involvement. Collaborating with families to create equitable educational outcomes for minoritized children is imperative.
Supporting Immigrant Children in College and Career Readiness
Authors: Wambu Grace W. , Nkabinde Zandile P.
Published: April 2019

The number of immigrant students have been on the rise in the last decades in many American classrooms. Both public schools and institutions of higher learning have increasing numbers of racially and ethnically diverse students than in the past. Immigrants from around the world come to America for different reasons but with one dream, and that is to create better lives for themselves and their children. Many leave their countries of origin seeking economic opportunities, while others leave their countries fleeing political, religious, and ethnic persecution. A number of refugees fleeing wars and turmoil from their home countries come to America with psychological, physical, and emotional trauma. Adelman and Taylor suggested that refugee students are among the most vulnerable for school failure and its consequences. This chapter discusses the role of teachers and school counselors in facilitating a smooth transition of all immigrant children in college and career readiness.
The Language Use of a Bilingual Korean Teacher and Bilingual Korean Students in a Korean Heritage Classroom
Authors: Lee Chaehyun
Published: April 2019

Many Korean parents in the U.S. send their children to heritage Korean language schools so that they maintain and further develop Korean as they acquire English. It is, thus, worthwhile to investigate how a Korean teacher and Korean students (as emergent bilinguals) used Korean and English in a Korean heritage classroom. The chapter addresses two research questions: (1) How did the teacher use Korean and English to make her instruction comprehensible during discussions about multicultural children's literature? (2) To what extent were there differences in the two groups of students' (Korean-American and Korean immigrant) use of translanguaging in their oral responses? The findings show that the teacher uses both Korean and English to make her instruction comprehensible and to facilitate her students' participation in class discussions. The findings further reveal differences in the two groups of students' use of language in their oral responses to multicultural texts.
Magnifying English Language Learners' Success Through Culturally Relevant Teaching and Learning Frameworks
Authors: Almaguer Isela
Published: April 2019

There is a need to amplify the voices of English language learners through authentic language and literacy learning using a multifaceted culturally relevant and responsive teaching and learning framework that encompasses social justice. Specifically, framing the chapter through the lens of the sociocultural theory to better recognize, acknowledge, and understand the influence of culturally relevant learning. Culture plays a crucial role in forming identity and agency, so we must rethink the effect of culturally relevant pedagogy by linking principles of learning to the cultural realities of children, families, and communities on literacy. English language learners require more empowering and engaging pedagogy that actively involves them in learning experiences while developing self-efficacy through varied opportunities for academic and linguistic proficiency development to further support them as global scholars. As such, parallels exist in literacy development across diverse people and cultures, specifically the Mexican American culture and the Native Hawaiian culture.
Educating Refugees
Authors: Wambua Pauline M.
Published: April 2019

Unlike other migrants, refugees face unique challenges that prevent them from realizing their full potential in schools. Therefore, integrating refugees in the host country requires strong support mechanisms some of which are provided non-profit organizations. Refugee support initiatives may provide educational reinforcement and valuable support to help refugees foster positive education outcomes. This chapter examined how programs offered by non-profit organizations that support refugees in one of the Midwestern states in the U.S. reduce barriers to refugee students' high education outcomes. The results indicate that, through collaboration, non-profit organizations provide a wide range of refugee support services such as enrolling kids in school, support to students with disabilities, and a variety of after-school and summer programs. These services help refugee students, manage their traumatic experiences, integrate into schools, to be self-sufficient, and provide a safe learning space thereby cushioning them against barriers that limit their success in school.
Soft Skills
Authors: Dugal Ruchika
Published: April 2019

This chapter focuses on the development of an effortless interview strategy for selecting the cream of the crop. While selecting the candidate for the institute, the management needs to look beyond the papers and documents. They need to look for skills that sets the candidate apart from the rest. Soft skills are the set of qualities that provide assurance to the management on the candidate chosen. The author throws light on the intricate details to be kept in mind by the interviewer while processing an interview. It takes a lot of effort to select the very best candidates from the lot. The chapter highlights the soft skills needed to be considered carefully by the management while selecting the candidate who would do justice to the seat that they will acquire. The research is based on the author's experience and discussion with the students.
Requisites and Provocations for Admissions in B Schools
Authors: Tiwari Parul , Sharma Mayank
Published: April 2019

In Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, the most selective B-school in the U.S., 94 of every 100 applicants will be turned down. Harvard Business School will rebuff 9 out of every 10 applicants. Although increasingly becoming the “Mecca of the young,” global professional, let's just say that business school is not everyone's cup of tea. Admission committees are meeting huge challenges to make hard and often painful choices for jittery candidates. MBA/PGDM admissions are more art than science. It is a methodology that gives more weight to the ability of an institute to add value, rather than merely perpetuate the brand myth. More importantly, B-schools are incorporating processes and systems that have become the norm in various industries. For example, Alliance Business School, Bangalore, has embarked on an ambitious plan to implement PCMM (people capability maturity model), used in the software industry. Under this, all processes—from admissions to career mapping to interfacing with stakeholders—have been identified and key metrics have been developed and implemented.
What Do Candidates Look for While Selecting a B-School?
Authors: Parmar Puneet
Published: April 2019

Over 15,000 schools offer business degree programs worldwide. A majority of the institutions including the educators and practitioners believe that they clearly understand and address the expectations of any current or prospective student that intends to enroll with them. This belief is flawed and contradictory since there is significant divergence between students' expectations and the ground reality after the student enrolls for the program. This chapter aims to outline key deciding criteria that may enable a prospective candidate to assess schools before application. The factors include, but are not limited to, drawing up a list of potential schools, shortlist the “top” schools matching the offered programs and aspirations, future career path desired, amongst other important parameters such as diversity, class profile, and financial investment. The factors discussed also highlight the key areas where business schools can meet and exceed expectations and go the extra mile that will help them differentiate against competition.
Fatores associados a não participação nas aulas de educação física escolar em adolescentes
Authors: Dos Santos Josivana Pontes , Mendonça João Guilherme Rodrigues , Barba Clarides Henrich de , Filho Josué José De Carvalho , Bernaldino Elizângela De Souza , Farias Edson Dos Santos , Souza Orivaldo Florêncio de
Published: April 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi estimar as prevalências da não participação nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar (EFE) e identificar os fatores associados. A amostra foi composta por 1471 escolares (oito a 18 anos de idade) do ensino fundamental II. A variável de desfecho foi autoreferrida participa e não participa das aulas. Foi utilizada análise de regressão logística múltipla pelo procedimento de eliminação retrógrada. A prevalência a não participação das aulas de EFE foi de 43,6%, pública 38,9% e particular 49,5%. Os fatores associados a não participação nas aulas de EFE foram: sexo feminino (OR: 1,30; IC95%: 1,06-1,61), idade maior que 12 anos (OR: 1,39; IC95%: 1,12-2,73), acima do sétimo ano (OR: 1,32; IC95%: 1,07-2,63), uso da tecnologia acima de duas horas diárias (OR: 1,29; IC95%: 1,05-1,60), fazer menos de três refeições diárias (OR: 1,56; IC95%: 1.25-2,93) e o excesso de peso (OR: 1,61; IC95%: 1,32-2,97). Isso perpassa em entender a escola e todos os educadores como elementos propulsores do processo global de educação, uma vez que a participação efetiva de crianças e adolescentes nas aulas de EFE possibilita a diminuição e exposição a comportamentos de risco à saúde em todas as fases da vida, oportunizando a conscientização dessas práticas.
Possibilidades de aproximação do cenário escolar na formação inicial em Educação Física
Authors: Bisconsini Camila Rinaldi , Oliveira Amauri Aparecido Bássoli de
Published: April 2019

A partir das diretrizes nacionais para a formação docente (Resolução CNE/CP 2/2015), as licenciaturas devem contemplar em seus currículos as atividades formativas (2200 horas), atividades teórico-práticas  de aprofundamento em áreas específicas de interesse dos estudantes (200 horas),  o estágio supervisionado (400 horas) e a Prática como Componente Curricular – PCC (400 horas). O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as possibilidades de aproximações do cenário escolar na formação inicial em Educação Física - licenciatura. O método de análise foi qualitativo e contou com o envolvimento de 59 sujeitos, sendo 41 acadêmicos formandos e 18 docentes, os quais participaram por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo com suporte do software NVivo 10. Tanto os docentes quanto os acadêmicos sinalizam o estágio supervisionado como a principal atividade em desenvolvimento no curso para a aproximação com o ambiente escolar. Os entrevistados ainda destacaram a necessidade de outras iniciativas para intensificar os contatos com as escolas ao longo da formação inicial,  para ampliar o repertório de vivências que abordem a rotina do professor de Educação Física na Educação Básica, como a PCC, que pode se concretizar em uma estratégia para viabilizar essa diversificação.
The Otubain YOD1 Suppresses Aggregation and Activation of the Signaling Adaptor MAVS through Lys63-Linked Deubiquitination
Authors: Liu Chang , Huang Shan , Wang Xuelin , Wen Mingjie , Zheng Jiarui , Wang Wenjuan , Fu Yanbin , Tian Shunli , Li Long , Li Zexing , Wang Xi
Published: April 2019

MAVS is a critical adaptor required for activating an innate antiviral immune response against viral infection. The activation of MAVS requires modification of the Lys63-linked ubiquitination and formation of prion-like aggregates. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating MAVS activity remain largely obscured. In this study, we identified a deubiquitinase YOD1, also known as a member of the ovarian tumor family, as a negative regulator of MAVS activation in both human and murine cells. YOD1 was recruited to mitochondria to interact with MAVS through its UBX and Znf domains after viral infection. Subsequently, YOD1 cleaved the K63-linked ubiquitination and abrogated the formation of prion-like aggregates of MAVS, which led to attenuation of IRF3, P65 activation, and IFN-β production. Knockdown of YOD1 potentiated IRF3 and P65 activation, IFN-β production, and antiviral innate immune response to RNA virus. Our findings thus provided, to our knowledge, novel insights into the regulatory cascade of the cellular antiviral response through YOD1-mediated K63-linked deubiquitination and aggregation of MAVS.
The geriatric canon
Authors: Rozzini Renzo
Published: April 2019

Over the years Geriatrics and gerontology have developed a language shared by most clinicians and researchers who unequivocally defines the health conditions of aging people: one could speak of "geriatric canon", i.e. the set of fundamentals (paradigms, principles, standard reference vocabulary) of geriatric knowledge, the heritage from which they draw inspiration and from which the actions for the care of the elderly can be driven, the scientific works for the study of their health. The aim of this paper is to describe and report the most important terms of the geriatric canon, in a simplified way, in order to establish a more precise use of geriatric terminology that can be easily utilized by the cardiologists, or other specialists who takes care of elderly patients, without depriving them of their clinical significance, and becoming heritage of ordinary medical language.
Catalogue of 2436 stars from observations with the reversible meridian circle, made at the Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, during the years 1911-1923
Authors: McClenahan W S
Published: April 2019

This catalogue is the result of observations taken at Ottawa between the years 1911 and 1923. Primarily the program was undertaken to improve star positions needed in carrying out field observations for latitue and longitude in Canada. Right ascensions are
determined differentially with a selected list of stas from Boss P.G.C. used as the fundamental catalogue. Declinations were computed from nadir readings with 45 degree 23' 39''. 0 used as a provisional latitude of the meridian circle. No correction for flexure was applied and Pulkowa refraction
tables were used. Corrections for variation of latitude were taken from values given by the International Latitude Variation stations. Tables of pivot errors, circle division errors, etc., are given. Clamp errors were investigated and a solution from pole stars at upper and lower culmination gave as
correction to the provisional latitude used </> = 45° 23' 38" ·67.
A reversing prism was used with the eye-piece throughout the work. Tables give comparisons of the Ottawa values with those of Boss P.G.C., Eichelberger's positions for 1925 and the First Greenwich Catalogue for 1925.0.
Results of observations made with the reversible meridian circle, 1923-1935, observations of the Sun, Mercury, and Venus, catalogue of 1589 stars, corrections to G.C. and FK3
Authors: McClenahan W S
Published: April 2019

These positions are the results from observations taken at Ottawa during the years 1923 to 1935. The program comprised observations on the sun, planets, and daylight stars, as well as night observing. Star observations, taken usually before dusk and after dawn,
provided corrections to reduce sun and planet observations to a night basis. These results were then solved for corrections to the equinox, the equator, and the orbital elements. The catalogue of 1589 stars comprises 180 clock stars, 21 azimuth stars, and stars between - 30° and + 90°
declination selected from the Backlund-Hough list, given in the supplement to the Connaissance des Temps of 1914. Eichelberger's positions were used for the clock stars, whereas the positions of the azimuth stars were determined from Ottawa observations, using Eichelberger's proper motions.
Positions were finally reduced_ to 1925·0 without proper motion. The declinations were computed from nadir readings, using 45° 23' 39!0 as a provisional latitude of the meridian circle. Corrections were applied for horizontal flexure, variation of latitude, as given in the International
Latitude Variation Publications, and refraction based on Bessel's Tabulae Regiomontanae. A solution of pole stars at upper and lower culmination gave a corrected value of latitude 45° 23' 38''.89. Screens were used to reduce star magnitudes, and a reversing prism was used with the eye-piece
throughout the work. Comparisons with the G.C. and FK3 are given for 3-hour intervals, as well as the observed corrections to G.C. and FK3 for the epoch of observation. Equinox and equator corrections were deduced but were not applied to the observations.
Results of observations made with the reversible meridian circle, 1935-1950, catalogue of 1525 stars, corrections to G.C. and FK3
Authors: McClenahan W S , Woolsey E G , Tanner R W
Published: April 2019

This catalogue contains the results of observations made at Ottawa with the Reversible Meridian Circle during the period May 1935 to June 1950 inclusive. The program consists of 1525 stars selected from the Backlund-Hough list, given in the supplement to the
Connaissance des Temps of 1914; the right ascensions are based on the Third Fundamental Catalogue (FK3) of the Berliner Jahrbuch as defined by 180 selected clock stars, and declinations in a fundamental system based only on polars at upper and lower culmination. Correct.ions for Variation in
Latitude were computed from values given by the International Latitude Service and refraction is based on Bessel's Tabuloe Regiomontanoe. Screens were used to reduce star magnitudes, and a reversing prism was used with the eye-piece throughout the work. The observing clock was the slave of a Shortt
Free Pendulum, and transits were recorded on a printing chronograph. Comparisons with G.C. and FK3 are given for 3-hour intervals, as well as the observed corrections to G.C. and FK3 for each star at the epoch of observation.
The Ottawa photographic zenith telescope; and Method and formulae used in P.Z.T. plate measurement; and A program machine for automatic operation of the Ottawa P.Z.T.
Authors: Thomson M M , Tanner R W , Hollinsworth V E
Published: April 2019

The Ottawa photographie zenith telescope, utilizing a 10-inch objective of 14 feet focal length, was first tested in June 1951, and has been operated continuously since October 1951. More than 500 plates have been secured for the purpose of determining
fundamental time and variation of latitude. Mean error of a clock correction from a single star is ± ! 027. Mean error of a latitude determination from a single star is ± 0''.29. A description of the Ottawa instrument, methods used for reducing observations, and a discussion of results is
presented.
Direction of faulting in the Greek earthquakes of August 9-13, 1953
Authors: Hodgson J H , Cock J I
Published: April 2019

The direction of faulting is determined for eight earthquakes of the sequence which damaged the Ionian Islands in August , 1953. The solutions obtained suggest that faulting occurred either on a plane striking NNW-SSE or on a plane striking ENE-WSW. Field
evidence collected by GALANOPOULOS suggests that in fact faulting occurred on both these planes which constitute a conjugate system of fau!ting. The agreement between the solutions and the field evidence is satisfactory.
Direction of faulting in some of the larger earthquakes of the southwest Pacific, 1950-1954
Authors: Hodgson J H
Published: April 2019

The direction of faulting is determined for 23 earthquakes occuring in the southwest Pacific during the years 1950-1954. These solutions are combined with five published earlier by Webb and two published earlier by Hodgson and Storey, to permit a study of the
failure pattern in the area.
It is concluded that faulting in the southwest Pacific is principally strike-slip, on steeply dipping planes. The strike direction of the faults is not consistent nor does it show any systematic variation with latitude, depth of focus or position on the associated arcuate feature.
The solutions obtained are amiguous in that two orthogonal planes are determined, and it is not known which of these planes represents the fault. Whichever place represents the fault, the line of intersection of the two planes is a line uniquely determined by the solution. The line, which is here
called the "null vector" appears to have great significance. For the New Hebrides earthquakes the null vectors lie closely parallel to a vertical plane striking N 22W, that is, to a vertical plane having the direction of the associated feature. Similarly the null vectors of earthquakes associated
with the Tonga-Kermadec-New Zealand feature lie nearly parallel to a vertical plane striking N 24 E, the mean direction of that feature.
The physical significance of these correlations has not yet been determined, but it seems clear that the association cannot be accidental. Under the circumstances the techniques of the fault-plane project must receive a considerable degree of confirmation.
Statistics and the fault plane, a conjecture
Authors: Ingram R E
Published: April 2019

The paper is a note pointing to the possibility that statistics may be used to give the best position of the boundaries separating compressions from dilatations in fault-plane solutions. Tentative solutions are given for two simple cases, where separation is in
terms of a single straight line, and where it is in terms of two straight lines. In each case a discriminating function is used to determine the best equation for the lines.
The study of earthquake mechanism
Authors: Keylis-Borok V I
Published: April 2019

The determination of dynamic parameters of earthquake foci (the mechanical character of rupture at the focus, the fault-plane orientation, the direction of movement) is made by the method described in the 1954 Assembly publications (Keylis-Borok, 1956a). It is,
in principle, similar to the method of Byerly and of the Japanese seismologists, as described by Byerly in the present symposium. The main feature of the method is the use of S waves, which makes the results single-valued and drastically reduces the number of observations necessary, as well as the
ratios of displacement amplitudes in different waves.
The following are the main improvements in method achieved within recent years. a. Simple methods have been worked out to exclude the influence of discontinuities on the shape of the observed waves. b. A graphical method, making use of the Wulff stereographic projection, has been developed, which
makes it possible to determine the direction of the "straightened rays" when there are refracting boundaries of any number and shape. c. Additional theoretical grounds are given for the commonly used substitution of a multipole for the focus. While almost all earthquakes which we have studied
appear to be due to a dipole with moment, several more complicated models have been investigated.
Determination has been made of the mechanisms of 300 earthquakes in the main seismically active zones of the U.S.S.R. and the adjoining regions: the western Pacific (from the Marianas Islands to the Aleutian Islands), the Hindu-Kush, the Pamirs and Tien-Shan, Kopet-Dag and Western Turkmenia, and the
Caucasus. Of special interest is the Garm region (on the border of the Pamirs and Tien-Shan) where about 150 weak earthquakes, occurring within a small area, were studied.
The basic properties of dislocations in the foci of each zone have been found and compared with the general tectonics. a. In some regions one strike direction predominates; in some instances this is parallel, in other instances transverse, to the strike of the main structures. In most regions
however both systems are developed at the same time. b. Faults with strong horizontal components of movement, and with strikes transverse to the structures are much more common in the seismic solutions than they are from geological data. However this is in line with some neotectonic data. c.
Vertical movements in the foci of some regions are characterized by the fact that during earthquakes a fault wall facing a tectonic depression is lifted up in the earthquake. This is in agreement with geological and geophysical evidence on the movements of surface foci in Japan: vertical movements
during earthquakes are in the opposite sense to the secular ones.
The data obtained are of interest in deep tectonics, its relation with seismicity, etc. A great number of foci should be investigated in different tectonic regions. In this connection, international exchange of information and data is of paramount importance; this interchange is now very well
established.