bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musical Absence in Trojan Women
Authors: Weiss Naomi A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the motif of absent music in Troades. Instead of generating action, the music of this play appears stagnant, an endless lament for the destruction of Troy. Descriptions of choral song and dance here underscore an overwhelming sense of devastation, and they demonstrate the vital role such communal music-making played within the physical and cultural fabric of the ancient Greek city. Troades also, however, displays the presencing effect of choral performance: toward the end of the tragedy, the chorus produce a visual and auditory enactment of Troy’s fall, bringing offstage scenes into the theater through their own singing and dancing.
Introduction
Authors: Whelan Robin
Published: September 2018

This introduction summarizes recent work on Vandal Africa and sets out the fundamental problem with the kingdom. The Vandals’ arrival in North Africa provoked a conflict between groups described by most surviving texts as Catholics and Arians. This conflict led Victor of Vita, the author of the sole detailed contemporary historical account of the kingdom, to portray Vandal rule as persecution, a reign of terror by heretical barbarians. Recent revisionist historiography has salvaged a functioning post-imperial polity from Victor’s apologetic narrative; this introduction shows how the same critical analysis can reshape our understanding of the kingdom’s ecclesiastical controversy.
African Churches
Authors: Whelan Robin
Published: September 2018

This chapter sets the stakes for Vandal Africa’s ecclesiastical controversy. Taking its cue from the anxieties of contemporary Nicene bishops, it suggests that the Nicene and Homoian churches were not so dissimilar from one another, whether in size, personnel, language use, or ecclesiastical culture. It also presents the (surprisingly scanty) information on the careers of key Nicene clerics and argues that pseudepigraphic texts must be integrated into any analysis of this period, not least since the works of better-known figures were often transmitted under assumed names in the early Middle Ages.
Ecclesiastical Histories
Authors: Whelan Robin
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the fundamental Nicene response to their opponents’ claim to Christian orthodoxy: they made them into Arians. It shows the intellectual effort this (deceptively difficult) move required. Nicene controversialists drew on the history and heresiology of both the Arian Controversy and the Donatist Schism to portray contemporary Homoians as heretics. To establish the link between their opponents and the Arians of the past, Nicene authors imaginatively rewrote fourth-century ecclesiastical history, reworking what they saw as an authoritative past to match the needs of the present. In so doing, they made the contemporary controversy into a reenactment of earlier conflicts—one from which they, as the heirs of Athanasius and Augustine, would inevitably emerge triumphant. Of course, Homoian clerics were exploiting the same histories of the church to support their own ecclesiological claims. For both sides, this controversy was not new, but rather an extension of fourth-century Trinitarian debates.
Exiles on Main Street
Authors: Whelan Robin
Published: September 2018

This chapter reconsiders the relationship between the Vandal kings and the Nicene Church, which has often been seen as an obstacle to effective Vandal rule. The self-portrayal of Nicene bishops as martyrs suffering in an age of heretical persecution—and the self-portrayal of Hasding dynasts as pious defenders of true (Homoian) Christianity—seems to commit them to mutual antagonism. Yet both parties also had interests in compromises, which are revealed by recurrent interactions between bishops and the court at Carthage. Even as they decried heretical Vandal tyranny, Nicene bishops petitioned their rulers to improve their church’s lot, using obsequious courtly language and the appropriate bureaucratic channels to do so. Vandal kings sometimes granted these petitions; even when refused, the possibility of compromise was retained for as long as possible. The result was tacit or even explicit acknowledgment of the legitimacy of the other parties, whether as rulers or Christian authority figures.
Christianity, Ethnicity, and Society
Authors: Whelan Robin
Published: September 2018

This chapter tackles the interaction of ethnic and Christian identities in Vandal Africa. Its premise is that the dominant paradigm of dual ethnic and Christian affiliations—rooted in Victor of Vita’s fundamental dichotomy between Vandal Arians and Roman Catholics—does justice neither to the variety and subtlety of contemporary perspectives nor to the insights of recent critical work on group identities in late antiquity. Each form of identity was, at most, intermittently important for the inhabitants of post-imperial Africa. Ethnic affiliation does not seem to have mattered all that much to the kings and clerics who sought to police their orthodox communities, whether Homoian or Nicene: if any group was singled out, it was the service aristocracy of the kingdom, whatever their ethnicity. Beyond Victor of Vita, when ethnic-group formation and ethnographic perspectives shaped contemporary ideas of Christian community, it was in surprisingly subtle, varied, and even sympathetic ways.
Against Humanity
Authors: Dubal Sam
Published: September 2018

This book is not about crimes against humanity. Rather, it is an indictment of “humanity,” the concept that lies at the heart of human rights and humanitarian missions. Based on fieldwork in northern Uganda, this book brings readers inside the Lord’s Resistance Army, an insurgent group accused of rape, forced conscription of children, and inhumane acts of violence. The author talks with and learns from former rebels as they find meaning in wartime violence, politics, spirituality, and love—experiences that observers often place outside the boundaries of humanity. Rather than approaching the LRA as a set of possibilities, humanity looks at the LRA as a set of problems, as inhuman enemies needing reform. Humanity hegemonizes what counts as good in ways that are difficult to question or challenge. It relies on specific notions of the good—shaped in ideals of modern violence, technology, modernity, and reason, among others—in ways that do violence to the common good. What emerges from this ethnography is an unorthodox question—what would it mean to be “against humanity”? Against Humanity provocatively asks us how to honor life existing outside normative moralities. It challenges us to shift toward alternative, more radical approaches to humanitarian, political, medical, and other interventions, rooted in anti-humanism.
Introduction
Authors: Dubal Sam
Published: September 2018

This chapter introduces the lives of Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) rebels in Uganda, suggesting that these lives are too complex to be understood through the simple moral lens of humanity. It uses “against humanity” as a heuristic to think about the problems posed by the uses of humanity (including the “crime against humanity”)—a social construct that must be critically interrogated rather than taken as natural. Being “against humanity” means thinking about the richness of human life that exists outside limited notions of the good—life beyond humanity. Also included is important historical context for the LRA war, including its leader, Joseph Kony, as well as ways in which LRA rebels have been expelled from humanity.
Gorilla Warfare
Authors: Dubal Sam
Published: September 2018

This chapter investigates how humanity was constructed against animality through the space of the “bush” (lum). Whereas Acholi civilians and others had come to see the lum as a wild, dangerous, and evil space of animals, the rebels occupied the lum and gave it a different meaning. In what became a contestation over an “anthropomoral geography,” the LRA collapsed an analytic separating animality and humanity, unsettling a spatio-moral definition of humanity against animality. They saw their rebellion as gorilla rather than guerrilla warfare. Instead of reinforcing a colonial-era notion of the lum, the LRA found the lum to be a site of life, sacredness, and development. In doing so, they dissolved some of the spatio-moral infrastructure of “humanity” itself.
Beyond Reason
Authors: Dubal Sam
Published: September 2018

This chapter argues that the LRA transcended the question of rationality by binding together both science and magic in their rebellion. Moving past debates that either condemn LRA beliefs and actions as irrational (and therefore inhuman) or attempt to explain them as rational (and therefore human), this chapter takes LRA beliefs and actions in their singularity in ways that expose the limits of “rationality” and “humanity.” Releasing “rationality” and “humanity” helps better conceptualize how the LRA held at once military and spiritual tactics; magical-prophetic and modern-scientific time; Christian and traditional Acholi religious practices; and spiritual and political reasons for fighting. By holding together logic and faith in this way, they transcended the category of “rationality,” undergirding many concepts of “humanity.”
Introduction
Authors: Couret Nilo
Published: September 2018

The introduction is loosely structured in three parts addressing questions of genre, geography, and period. It situates the book within comparative literature debates on world literature in order to defend a genre-based paradigm (in opposition to nation-based models) that produces a diachronic made all the more significant by the particular reception of comedy; debates in Latin American studies that cast this period exclusively in terms of cultural nationalism, that is, as complicit with nation-state consolidation; and, finally, debates in film studies on vernacular modernism and the intersections of cinema and modernity. The introduction explains how studying the transition to sound and the emergence of film comedy provides an endogenous and nonsynchronous rejoinder to the cosmopolitanism of these debates, a mock classicism reliant on an intertextual horizon that produces a semblance of continuity between screen and theater.
The Call of the Screen
Authors: Couret Nilo
Published: September 2018

The second chapter broadens our understanding of the mediascape during the golden age of Argentine cinema by examining the film and radio stardom of Marina Esther Traverso, “Niní Marshall,” as a case of aural stardom that challenges image-based star studies and provides a framework to consider the particularities of popular Argentine cinema, in which radio furnished the framework for the development of its industry and star system. Star-contract disputes from studio archives and evolving sound conventions in film texts are ventriloquial gambits that rearticulate the relationship between voice and body in a shifting organization of the senses. In Marshall’s film, the actress is the site of multiples selves that surface differentially in relation to the image. Marshall is never quite in synch, is never quite embodied, is never quite diegeticized. This failure to diegeticize mocks a Hollywood classicism that differentiated diegetic and non-diegetic sound in order to secure a narrative space distinct from the theatrical space.
Fictions of the Real
Authors: Couret Nilo
Published: September 2018

The Brazilian chanchada, or musical comedy, is a popular genre from the golden age of Brazilian cinema with a substantial Portuguese-language academic literature. Instead of retreading these ontogenetic arguments, this chapter argues the transition from musicarnavalesco to chanchada in light of the Estado Novo implementation of centralized monetary policy and the currency conversion to the Cruzeiro. As money (ex)changes, there is less agreement on evaluative criteria, auguring a crisis of valuation that subtends debates around the value of the genre. Making film a better commodity in an economy of desmedida undergoing a crisis of value presents challenges at levels material (currency restrictions shaped the development of the industry) and aesthetic (money as a form of economic symbolization coincides with the rise of fictionality). Classicism is mocked once more, now discussed in relation to the rise of fictionality rather than the codification of the classical realist text. The chanchada designates a certain intensification of fictionality where we actively feel the tension between the narrativized diegesis, the singularity of the comedic effect, and the present tense of the spectator.
Comedy Circulates Circuitously
Authors: Couret Nilo
Published: September 2018

This examines the international production and distribution networks in Latin America in order to argue for the cinemas of the Golden Age period beyond national frameworks. The identification of networks of film and media exchange prior to the 1960s challenges the diffusionist and center/periphery models that overdetermine understandings of cinema in the period. This chapter considers the circulation of/in Mexican, Argentine, and Brazilian comedies in order to engage with the concept of circulation in multiple ways, relating film as narrative, film as commodity, and film as spatial practice or architectonics. Circulation invites us to ask why do certain things travel? How quickly? How far? How long? This would mean writing a film history that considers how the circulation of cultural forms and the forms of circulation produce the region in an odographic turn. The unevenness and variability of intra-continental distribution mock classicism, not in necessarily a resistant practice in the mold of European modernism but through a different form of territorialization dictated by the horizon of reception. This (de)territorialization occurs courtesy of techniques that control or reconfigure time and space, that is, techniques of circulation.
Introduction
Authors: García David G.
Published: September 2018

This introductory chapter establishes the setting of the study at Oxnard, California, whose educational past lends itself to original analysis of schooling discrimination and contributes to national discussions of racism, segregation, civil rights, community resistance, and educational policy. It reveals four strategies of segregation that complicate previous narratives: establishing a racial hierarchy, building a permanent link between residential and school segregation, utilizing a school-within-a-school model of racial separation, and omitting a rationale for segregation. Furthermore, the chapter links Oxnard's narrative with that of prevailing scholarly literature on labor and housing and draws parallels between Mexican American and African American struggles in both the housing and educational sectors.
Epilogue
Authors: García David G.
Published: September 2018

This concluding chapter considers what Oxnard's narrative tells us about the historical imperatives and experiences of our segregated past, and reflects on how these insights can bring more complexity to national discussions about race, schools, and equality. It considers what would have been different if the Soria case had more centrally accounted for Oxnard's history, and if this would have helped to expose the board members' use of racially restrictive covenants as part of “a systematic scheme of racial segregation.” Furthermore, the chapter reflects on what would have happened if the attorneys, for the plaintiffs or the defendants, had sought out experts on educational history, and what insights they might have received.
Civic Cults between Continuity and Change
Authors: Boehm Ryan
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers the important role of the polis as a religious community. Reconstructing cultic continuities and changes reveals aspects of social response to the rupture and discontinuity posed by population movement, settlement shift, and political change. The epigraphic, literary, and archaeological evidence allows us to piece together important indications of how traditional cultic and religious identities intersected with innovation. The chapter first maps the changing religious landscape of regions before and after urban mergers and considers how and why particular cults survived or died out and what this meant for the community that resulted. It then shows the ways in which central sanctuaries and civic cults served as focal points for integrating the discrete citizen groups into the polis, and the ways in which the traditional sacred landscape was simultaneously respected and replicated in the center of the new city. Finally, it examines the ways in which these synoikized communities—and, at times, their original constitutive parts—participated in religious and theoric networks such as koina and Panhellenic festivals.
United by Land
Authors: Lozano Rosina
Published: September 2018

After the U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1848), the newly created treaty citizens largely remained in the United States. Treaty citizens were tied to the land by occupation, and for the elite, by ownership of ranches and farms. Some chose to cross the border into Mexico in an attempt to retain their language and other cultural customs. Most treaty citizens resided in New Mexico where they remained the overwhelming majority of the settler community who precariously secured the territory for the United States over autonomous Indians. California’s treaty citizens, by contrast, encountered a swift attack on their land claims through the 1851 Gwin Act, which set up a system to verify Spanish and Mexican land grants. Treaty citizens’ use of the Spanish language often led to the loss of their land and disrespect from new Anglo settlers. The struggle to retain land in the U.S. Southwest facilitated elite treaty citizensinvestment into the territorial and state governments of the United States, which required concessions to their use of the Spanish language.
The Limits of Americanization
Authors: Lozano Rosina
Published: September 2018

One of the key roles of the public school system at the turn of the twentieth century was to create U.S. citizens. The federal government supported educational efforts in the noncontiguous territories that the United States acquired during the Spanish-American War. While both Arizona and New Mexico remained territories until 1912, they never received any federal educational aid. Americanization efforts across the United States largely encouraged a move away from foreign language instruction in the public schools in favor of English as the language of instruction. The interests of Americanization advocates coincided with the move to segregate students of Mexican descent into separate schools and classrooms throughout the Southwest. Administrators claimed they separated ethnic Mexican students due to their inability to speak the English language fluently. Despite the segregation of many Spanish-speaking students across the Southwest, Spanish remained in many classrooms in New Mexico—especially in the northern counties. Spanish was used in schools with the early support of the territorial superintendent of instruction and the New Mexico Journal of Education who both recognized that the vast majority of students in those districts entered school as monolingual Spanish speakers.
Strategic Pan-Americanism
Authors: Lozano Rosina
Published: September 2018

A broad federal and national interest in the goals of Pan-Americanism fueled Pan-American supporters across the United States to encourage the teaching of the Spanish language. By the 1940s, Spanish became the most common foreign language learned in the United States. New Mexico used the newfound national interest in the Spanish language to boost its political importance. After all, what other state had such a close tie to the language of Latin America? In both California and New Mexico, ethnic Mexican journalists and community organizers used the move towards Pan-Americanism to organize, unite, and draw resources to ethnic Mexican communities. Cultura Panamericana, Inc., a group located in Los Angeles and organized by Mexican American middle-class professionals, used the broader interest in Pan-Americanism to court financialsupporters for their community program that aspired to create a Spanish-language library and an after-school program that taught Spanish and Latin American culture. Ethnic Mexicans could use pan-Americanismas a way to better serve the nation.
The Birth of Assisted Reproductive Technology in China
Authors: Wahlberg Ayo
Published: September 2018

This chapter chronicles the difficult birth of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in China through the 1980s and 1990s, showing how ideas of improving population quality acted as a persuasive alibi for those pioneers working to develop fertility technologies under crude conditions and at a time when contraception rather than conception was at the core of family planning. From difficult beginnings in the 1980s and following legalization in 2003, ARTs have now settled firmly within China’s restrictive reproductive complex as technologies of birth control—which, in turn, has allowed it to grow into a thriving, sector as China is now home to some of the world’s largest fertility clinics and sperm banks.
Mobilizing Sperm Donors
Authors: Wahlberg Ayo
Published: September 2018

A limit of five women’s pregnancies per donor in China has spawned a cyclic and “high throughput” style of sperm banking, which requires getting great numbers of potential donors to show up at the sperm bank for screening. Chapter 4 argues that it is the relatively unexposed and virile vitality of bioavailable male populations on university campuses that is sought after by sperm banks. In this cyclic tissue economy, sperm banks persistently exhaust the willingness of a given cohort of young men on university campuses only to resume once “fresh” cohorts have arrived. Novel strategies of recruitment have been devised and adjusted to address the chronic shortage of donors in China.
Coda
Authors: Wahlberg Ayo
Published: September 2018

In February of 2017, I returned to Changsha once again to present a draft of this book. It is always something of a nerve-wracking affair to get feedback from the people whose work you have researched and written about. Much to my relief, and notwithstanding important critiques of the book’s chapters, which have been incorporated into the final draft, staff members at the sperm bank appreciated the account of their work found in ...
Freedom of and from Religion
Authors: Powe Lucas A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines Supreme Court cases that were filed over the issue of freedom of and from religion in Texas. In 2011, Governor Rick Perry designated April 22–24 as official days of prayer for rain. Periodical subscriptions were exempted from sales tax. Then in a clear example of a preference for religion, the law was changed to exempt only “periodicals that are published or distributed by a religious faith and that consist wholly of writings promulgating the teaching of that faith.” Texas Monthly paid the tax but sued for a refund. The chapter first considers the Texas Monthly lawsuit before discussing cases involving Alfred Smith and Galen Black, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), Thomas Van Orden, and the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. It also analyzes City of Boerne v. Flores involving historic zoning and a case involving prayer at a football game.
When Contributions are Elusive
Authors: Kirsch Stuart
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the West Papuan independence movement. It describes long-term research with West Papuan refugees living in Papua New Guinea and exiled political leaders. It discusses a shift in the late 1990s from paramilitary opposition to Indonesian violence to human rights activism. It also describes how negative representations of West Papuans, including claims about lost tribes, undermine their pursuit of sovereignty. The author discusses his participation in various forms of solidarity politics.
Conclusion
Authors: Kirsch Stuart
Published: September 2018

The conclusion takes up the questions raised by the cases discussed here, including the false dichotomy between basic science and engaged research, by showing how their findings are of value beyond their initial objectives and contexts. Engaged anthropology offers new sites for research and identifies novel topics. It also suggests caution when writing from a distance, when seeking solutions to problems, and when debates are polarized. It can generate valuable hypotheses for future research. Thus a key dimension of engaged research is its capacity to contribute to larger debates rather than being instrumental in scope. Finally, the conclusion considers whether engaged research produces ethnography that is good enough, whether it contributes to desirable political outcomes, and whether it is good for the discipline of anthropology.
Studies on the antioxidant activity of Costus igneus leaf extract
Authors: Chacko Nimmy , Shastry CS , Shetty Prerana
Published: September 2018

Plan: The antioxidant activity studies of the extract of Costus igneus leaves
Preface: Costus igneus commonly known as fiery costus or Spiral flag is a species of herbaceous plant. It is claimed to help build up insulin in the human body and is sometimes referred to as insulin plant. Insulin plant Costus igneus (Fam: Zingiberaceae) is a tropical evergreen shrub with large, smooth, dark green leaves. The Costus igneus is valued mainly for its tonic, stimulant, and antiseptic properties. It is said to be aphrodisiac and to be able to prevent the hair from turning grey. Its root is anodyne, antibacterial, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge.
Methodology: In the present study the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract was studied using four methods viz. DPPH assay, reducing power assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay, and Folin-ciocalteu assay.
Outcome: The studies have proved that extract possesses antioxidant activity. In reducing power assay, the plant extract showed 75.43 % increase in reducing power compared to Ascorbic acid which showed 91.94%, at a concentration of 16µg/ml. In DPPH assay, plant extract produced 71.85% DPPH scavenging activity, compared to Ascorbic acid which produced 84.47% at a concentration of 160µg/ml. In superoxide scavenging activity, the plant extract produced 68.19% radical scavenging activity compared to the standard which showed 79.78% at a concentration of 800µg/ml. The IC50 was found to be177 and 367 µg/ ml of the standard and plant extract respectively.
In vitro anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity studies of two mangrove associated lichens, Dirinaria consimilis and Ramalina leiodea extracts
Authors: Tatipamula Vinay Bharadwaj , Vedula Girija Sastry
Published: September 2018

Plan: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activity of different extracts from two different manglicolous lichens (Dirinaria consimilis and Ramalina leiodea).

Preface: Inflammation is the origin of several deadly diseases like cancer, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s and rheumatoid arthritis. From decades, lichen extracts and its metabolites are well known in treating inflammation and cancer.

Outcome: The outcome of protein denaturation method confirmed that the ethyl acetate and acetone extract of R. leiodea depicted better inhibitory profile against protein denaturation with IC50 values of 268 and 330 µg/mL Furthermore, the results of SRB assay showed that ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of both the lichens acts potently against MCF-7, DLD-1, HeLa and A549. Simultaneously, all the tested extracts depicted the low degree of specificity towards NHME, they are less toxic. Hence, further screening of these extracts may lead to the exploration of safe and potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.
Synthesis, characterization and anti-fungal potential evaluation of 1, 4 thiazine derivatives by Mannich bases
Authors: T.J Sindhu , Chandran Meena , Kumar K. Krishna
Published: September 2018

Plan: The present research work is aimed to synthesize newer, less toxic and more effective Mannich bases of 1, 4 thiazine derivatives and further compare their antifungal activities.

Preface: Microbial infections are becoming the most important issue for global health and economy. Among these fungal infections are the major problem these days. The morbidity and mortality of invasive fungal infections are unacceptably high. It is an urgent need for the development of new antifungal agents to treat these life-threatening invasive infections.

Methodology: Mannich base was synthesized by using o-amino thiophenol with maleic anhydride. Further, four derivatives of Mannich bases were synthesized from 3-oxo-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 4-benzothiazin-2-yl) acetic acid with sulpha drugs, ethanol, and formaldehyde. Then synthesized Mannich bases were docked against Dihydrofolate reductase complexed with NADPH and 6- methyl-5- [3-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) but-1-yn-1-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (UCP115A)using Argus Lab software. On this basis, we selected 3QLS as a biological target for docking study of synthesized compound.

Outcome: The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by UV, IR and Mass Spectroscopic studies. All the newly synthesized derivatives were screened for antifungal activity against Candida albicans NCIM 3100 and Aspergillus niger NCIM 596 by agar diffusion method (Kirby- Bauer method) using fluconazole (10µg/disc) as the standard and dimethyl sulphoxide as the vehicle. The docking results indicate the Mannich bases of 1, 4-thiazines (ligand binding energy varies from -8.9046kcal/mol to -12,0457kcal/mol) shows considerable antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Out of the four derivatives, E4 (Sulfamethoxazole substituted 1, 4- thiazine) possess the best ligand pose energy (-12.0414 kcal/mol) and two hydrogen bond. Among these synthesized compounds, compound E4([4({[4-(N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl) amino sulfonyl) phenyl] amino} methyl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H1,4-benzothiazin-2yl] acetic acid) showed highest antifungal activity due to the presence of 1,4- thiazine with sulfamethoxazole substitution.
Lenguas de signos en el estado español: estatus y territorialidad
Authors: Cabeza Pereiro María del Carmen , Eijo Santos Francisco
Published: September 2018

El propósito de este artículo es presentar la situación de las lenguas de signos en el contexto de la política lin güística española, tanto en lo que se refiere al ámbito estatal como en el de las comunidades autónomas. Para ello se hace una revisión de las leyes que, en el ámbito estatal y autonómico, regulan en alguna medida el uso de estas lenguas. Trataremos de mostrar cómo el desarrollo normativo de las lenguas de signos (LS) se enfrenta en España a dos retos: el primero tiene que ver con el prejuicio de que las LS son adaptaciones para facilitar la accesibilidad a las personas sordas, y no lenguas naturales que se utilizan en un contexto social y cultural específico; el segundo proviene de la concepción territorial de los derechos lingüísticos. Solo la lengua de signos catalana y la lengua de signos española gozan de reconocimiento en el texto normativo de mayor rango, la primera en Cataluña y la segunda en el resto del estado, en tanto que las comunidades autónomas tienen la potestad de reconocer lenguas de signos propias de los respectivos territorios. En el caso gallego, una entrevista realizada al presidente de la Federación de Persoas Xordas de Galicia (FAXPG) nos ha permitido concluir que no está entre las prioridades de este órgano de representación la reivindicación de una lengua de signos gallega.
Las músicas migrantes latinoamericanas en Chile: identidades diaspóricas y mestizajes culturales
Authors: Facuse Muñoz Marisol , Torres Alvarado Rodrigo
Published: September 2018

Desde el período de posdictadura en Chile, la llegada de comunidades latinoamericanas ha generado una progresiva transformación en el patrón migratorio. En este contexto, la investigación que aquí presentamos se propuso comprender la incidencia de la producción cultural de los inmigrantes en nuestras identidades, sociabilidades e imaginarios. En particular, nos hemos interesado en las prácticas musicales sosteniendo que la música fomenta procesos de mestizaje cultural, provocando una transformación y una reconfiguración de las identidades. Metodológicamente, el estudio se basó en el enfoque etnográfico y en entrevistas comprensivas a artistas de diversos géneros musicales. Los resultados revelan la existencia de distintos tipos de identidades, las que se declinan y combinan a partir de pertenencias nacionales, étnicas, religiosas o profesionales. Concluimos con ello que las nuevas inmigraciones han repercutido de manera importante en las dinámicas culturales actuales, suscitando vínculos sociales y mestizajes entre comunidades más allá de las fronteras nacionales y simbólicas.
Evolución de la literatura occidental desde un contexto sociológico. De la Grecia clásica al Barroco
Authors: Pérez Redondo Ruben José
Published: September 2018

Hablar de literatura es hacer mención a una de las más especiales características del ser humano. Ese esfuerzo por transmitir hacia afuera todo lo que nuestra actividad cerebral genera, ha ido desarrollándose a lo largo de la historia en un proceso lento pero necesario para su avance. El lenguaje oral necesitaba de un recipiente dónde contener las palabras que de otra manera hubiesen quedado derramadas en el aire a perpetuidad. Con la aparición de la escritura surgirá la memoria documental, el registro material y no mental de las cosas y, con ella, la literatura como aquello que contiene a las letras. La literatura con el paso del tiempo ha ido sufriendo notables modificaciones tanto en el significado, como en los estilos, así como en su uso social. Se pretende hacer un análisis sociológico de la evolución de la literatura occidental hasta el siglo XVII, antes del acontecer de la literatura moderna.
Living the Gospel Through the Feet of a Refugee: Sharing Abraham’s Hope in Kindness and Humility
Authors: Agner Dale Roemer
Published: September 2018

His feet had obvious sores, and his clothes had not been washed for many days or weeks. The shoes he had were threadbare canvas, thin soled, and carried a thick smell of poverty…While bandaging the feet, the physician asked about how the wounds had happened. The translator passed on to the physician that the traveler did not know for sure, as he had often been barefoot and often times could not feel his feet.
An additional act of kindness and humility shown to this traveler (refugee) opened the door to share the hope of Abraham, to a fellow child of Abraham.
A Localized Home-based Health Care Delivery Model for Refugees in Jordan
Authors: Suleiman Salim , Nance Matthew , O’Neill Daniel W
Published: September 2018

Inter-professional teams delivering home-based care hold promise as an effective model for vulnerable populations, but examples of good practice are limited. This case study presents the initial evaluation of a contextualized application of home-based medical care initiated from the faith community in Jordan toward Syrian and Iraqi refugees with constrained access to resources.
Reflexive responses to human need by local churches became the basis for home-based medical outreach. Heavily dependent on volunteers, these church-based teams were selected and trained to meet specific needs, inter-professional partnerships were created through networking, and electronic medical records were deployed to facilitate communication and follow-up.
The program’s standards of operation are delineated, and a program description is included that clarifies matters regarding volunteer selection, training, faith inspiration, communication, continuity, inter-professional partnerships, and addresses obstacles to care. Based on subjective collective observations of team members, the advantages of the model in practice are reported along with lessons learned. These include dignity promotion, contextualization of health in the home, relationship development, inter-faith communication, inter-professional partnerships, and networking with local health professionals of other faiths and NGOs. Limitations of the model and potential applications in other contexts conclude the case study.
Kilka uwag dotyczących Dekretu KEP z 13 marca 2018 roku w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych w Kościele katolickim na podstawie kazusu przedszkola
Authors: Kroczek Piotr
Published: September 2018

Niniejszy artykuł zawiera kilka ex promptu pisanych uwag dotyczących Dekretu Konferencji Episkopatu Polski z 13 marca 2018 roku w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych w Kościele katolickim na podstawie kazusu przedszkola. W artykule zostały przedyskutowane takie zagadnienia jak: zakres podmiotowy, zakres przedmiotowy, symultaniczność obowiązywania Dekretu i Rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/679 z dnia 27 kwietnia 2016 roku w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepływu takich danych w działalności kościelnych publicznych osób prawnych, a także problem, czy Dekret obowiązuje ad poenam, czy ad culpam.
Terminy procesowe w kontekście reformy kanonów dotyczących spraw o orzeczenie nieważności małżeństwa dokonanej przez papieża Franciszka
Authors: Rozkrut Tomasz
Published: September 2018

Reforma procesowa papieża Franciszka z 2015 roku związana jest z uproszczeniem oraz skróceniem kanonicznego orzekania o nieważności małżeństwa przez sądy Kościoła. Naturalnie taki stan rzeczy nie oznacza, że wspomniana reforma zapomina o istotnym przymiocie małżeństwa: to jest o jego nierozerwalności; wręcz przeciwnie, każdy biskup diecezjalny winien w swoim pasterskim sprawowaniu władzy sądowniczej zagwarantować, że nie dojdzie w tej delikatnej materii do jakiejkolwiek formy laksyzmu.Aktualne przyspieszenie orzekania nieważności małżeństwa nie może zatem zagubić prawdy na temat zaskarżonego małżeństwa. Każdy bowiem wyrok sędziego kościelnego musi opierać się na pewności moralnej, która jest fundamentem każdego sprawiedliwego wyroku, jak to było i jest podkreślane w magisterium biskupów rzymskich.Analizowany fragment współczesnej reformy procesowego prawa kanonicznego jasno uświadamia, że terminy w procesie dotyczącym orzeczenia nieważności małżeństwa winny być starannie oraz wiernie przestrzegane, być może konieczna będzie tutaj w niektórych wypadkach także zmiana mentalności w przedmiocie aplikowania prawa procesowego, dlatego też warto przywołać znany aforyzm, który poucza, że „sprawiedliwość opóźniona staje się sprawiedliwością zanegowaną” (Monteskiusz).Reforma procesowa papieża Franciszka, mimo że została wprowadzona z motywów duszpasterskich, przyczyniła się jednak zdecydowanie do uproszczenia oraz skrócenia kanonicznego procesu orzeczenia nieważności małżeństwa, jednak winna ona mobilizować pracowników sądownictwa kościelnego do wierności nowemu prawu w perspektywie dobra wspólnego. Co więcej, winna ona, także w perspektywie wiernego przestrzegania terminów procesowych, mobilizować wszystkich pracowników sądów Kościoła do wzajemnej współpracy, tak aby współczesny proces kościelny przybliżył się do wiernych, gdyż to był jeden z fundamentów jego reformy.
Zakres podmiotowy Dekretu ogólnego KEP z 13 marca 2018 roku w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych w Kościele katolickim. Prawnoporównawczy punkt widzenia
Authors: Skonieczny Piotr
Published: September 2018

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie zakresu podmiotowego z art. 4 Dekretu ogólnego KEP z 13 marca 2018 roku w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych w Kościele katolickim. Autor analizuje problem na tle analogicznego dekretu włoskiego z 1999 roku i kościelnej ustawy niemieckiej z 2017 roku. Wskazuje na błędny zakres art. 4 dekretu, który może być niezgodny z kan. 220 CIC. Postuluje wykładnię secundum Constitutionem art. 4 dekretu polskiego i stosowanie do działalności zewnętrznej kościelnych publicznych osób prawnych ustawodawstwa obowiązującego w Polsce, czyli RODO (por. art. 25 ust. 3 Konstytucji oraz art. 1 Konkordatu). Dlatego de lege ferenda dekret polski, ograniczony do spraw wewnątrzkościelnych, powinien być odformalizowany.
The Effectiveness of Anatomy Laboratory Videos on Osteopathic Medical Students’ Performance
Authors: Sakthi Velavan Sumathilatha , Castellanos Bedia
Published: September 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: The usage of audio-visual aids in medical education has always been rewarding. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of supplementing traditional dissection based laboratories with the video demonstration of specimens. Methods: The study was conducted among first-year osteopathic medical students of two consecutive years. The laboratory demonstration videos were recorded and provided to the experimental group and the previous class served as the historical controls. Two Likert scale based questionnaires were completed by the experimental group before and after their final examination. The students' performance in the Anatomy practical examinations were compared between the two groups. Results: The students' response showed that the videos added value to their knowledge. The videos helped them in understanding the structures in the dissection lab with ease they felt more confident about the examinations. The experimental group scored significantly higher grades in the practical examinations than the control group. The results confirm that the video demonstration has a positive impact on the traditional dissection method. Conclusion: The effect on the student's perception is impressive and the positive outcome in the examination grades adds on to the significance of this teaching methodology. Integration of multimedia with dissection is suggested as a helpful model to improve Anatomy learning process.
Whole-process risk management of subsea tunnel engineering
Authors: Yang Wen-Wu , Tsang Chor-Kin , Cai Yu-Xuan , Hu Yue-Ming
Published: September 2018

Subsea tunnels are highly complex, high-risk engineering projects. The causes and effects of risks are dynamic in nature and involve multiple stages, different perspectives and a wide range of people. Such projects therefore need to adopt a risk-management model covering the whole process, all perspectives and all-party participation in a scientific and systematic way. This paper discusses a whole-process risk-management concept for subsea tunnels that was adopted for the 6·7 km immersed tunnel section of the recently opened £1·8 billion Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge project in China.
Degenerated PCR with GoTaq Hot Start v1
Authors: Dupim Eduardo , Bernardo de Carvalho Antonio
Published: September 2018

Degenerated PCR to test Y-linkage of genes in several Drosophila species. The reactions are made separately for males and females of 400 species and subspecies of Drosophila and related genera.
Statistical methods to model and evaluate physical activity programs, using step counts: A systematic review v1
Authors: Silva S.S.M. , W. Jayawardana Madawa , Meyer Denny
Published: September 2018

Background Physical activity reduces the risk of noncommunicable diseases and is therefore an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. Regular engagement in physical activity can produce immediate and long term health benefits. However, physical activity levels are not as high as might be expected. For example, according to the global World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 statistics, more than 80% of the world's adolescents are insufficiently physically active. In response to this problem, physical activity programs have become popular, with step counts commonly used to measure program performance. Analysing step count data and the statistical modeling of this data is therefore important for evaluating individual and program performance.This study reviews the statistical methods that used to model and evaluate physical activity programs, using step counts. Methods Adhering to PRISMA guidelines,this review systematically searched for relevant journal articles which were published between January 2000 and August 2017 in any of three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science). Only the journal articles which used a statistical model in analysing step counts for a healthy sample of participants, enrolled in an intervention involving physical exercise or a physical activity program, were included in this study. In these programs the activities considered were natural elements of everyday life rather than special activity interventions. Results This systematic review was able to identify 78 unique articles describing statistical models for analysing step counts obtained through physical activity programs. General linear models and generalized linear models were the most popular methods used followed by multilevel models, while structural equation modeling was only used for measuring the personal and psychological factors related to step counts. Surprisingly no use was made of time series analysis for analysing step count data. The review also suggested several strategies for the personalisation of physical activity programs. Conclusions Overall, it appears that the physical activity levels of people involved in such programs vary across individuals depending on psychosocial, demographic, weather and climatic factors. Statistical models can provide a better understanding of the impact of these factors, allowing for the provision of more personalised physical activity programs, which are expected to produce better immediate and long-term outcomes for participants. It is hoped that this review will identify the statistical methods which are most suitable for this purpose.
Pengaruh Struktur dan Implementasi Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Setya Wida Panca
Published: September 2018

Struktur dan implementasi anggaran berbasis kinerja merupakan dua hal yang dapat diteliti dalam upaya untuk memberikan penjelasan mengenai kinerja keuangan Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Subang. Oleh karena itu, terdapat dua tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh struktur anggaran berbasis kinerja terhadap kinerja keuangan SKPD Kab. Subang, (2) pengaruh implementasi anggaran berbasis kinerja terhadap kinerja keuangan SKPD Kab. Subang.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu survey-explanatory dengan menggunakan pejabat struktural yang mewakili tiap Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Subang, dan kinerja keuangan dalam bentuk rasio efisiensi tahun 2009.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut: (1) struktur anggaran berbasis kinerja berpengaruh sebesar 14,3% terhadap kinerja keuangan, artinya pencapaian kinerja keuangan ditentukan oleh struktur anggaran yang efektif, (2) implementasi anggaran berbasis kinerja berpengaruh sebesar 48,6% terhadap kinerja keuangan, artinya pencapaian kinerja keuangan ditentukan oleh implementasi anggaran berbasis kinerja.
Pengaruh Kualitas Hubungan dan Kinerja Tenaga Penjualan Terhadap Distribusi Selling
Authors: Setiadi Ihwan
Published: September 2018

Hal yang perlu di cermati dan dilakukan oleh perusahaan dalam dunia bisnis yang selalu dinamis adalah menciptakan pasar baru atau paling tidak mempertahankan keadaan pasar yang sudah ada dari ancaman para pesaing. Dengan kondisi ini perusahaan perlu menata ulang strategi bisnisnya, antara lain dengan distribusi, khususnya distribusi selling-in pada outlet. Oleh karena itu dengan semakin meningkatnya distribusi selling-in tersebut dapat meningkatkan kinerja pemasaran. Pelayanan terhadap outlet tersebut dapat dilakukan langsung oleh produsen melalui saluran distribusinya atau dapat pula melalui distributor. Dengan berbagai pertimbangan dimana produsen memilih perantara dalam memasarkan produknya dikarenakan adanya suatu keterbatasan dalam sumber daya ( baik sumber daya manusia, dana atau peralatan). Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, penelitian ini berfokus pada kajian hubungan dengan outlet dan kinerja tenaga penjualan dalam upaya meningkatkan distribusi selling in dan memaksimalkan kinerja pemasaran yang diteliti yaitu perusahaan Heinz produk Kecap ABC di kota Bandung.