bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation: a bibliometric study on current research hotspots and status
Authors: Fan Shiyu , Yan Long , Zhang Junfeng , Sun Yujia , Qian Yulin , Wang Meng , Yu Tao
Published: August 2024

Background

Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) has been used as a promising noninvasive neuromodulation technique for the treatment of various systems.The aim of this study was to analyze the research hotspots and future directions of tVNS in the 21st century by using bibliometric methods.

Methods

The study object was the literature related to tVNS from the Web of Science database from 2000 to May 2024. In order to measure and analyze the number of literature issuance, institutions, authors, countries, keywords, co-citations, and journals of publication, we used VOSviewer, Citespace, Bibliometrix R-package, and Scimago Graphica software. A narrative review of the current research content of tVNS was conducted to gain a better understanding of the current state of the field.

Results

A total of 569 papers were included in the study. The results show that from 2000 to 2024, the number of publications shows an increasing trend year by year, involving a total of 326 research institutions. The United States, China, and Germany are the major research centers. The study identified 399 keywords, which roughly formed 11 natural clusters, revealing that the current hotspots of related research are mainly reflected in 3 areas: intervention efficacy on nervous system diseases, mechanism of action of tVNS, and stimulation mode of tVNS. The top 10 most cited references focus on research into the mechanism of action of tVNS.

Conclusion

The efficacy and safety of tVNS have been confirmed in previous studies, but a standardized tVNS treatment protocol has not yet been developed, and most clinical studies have small sample sizes and lack multicenter and multidisciplinary collaboration. Currently, tVNS is used in the treatment of neurological diseases, psychiatric diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and some autoimmune diseases. It is expected that future research in this field will continue to focus on the application of tVNS in central nervous system diseases and the exploration of related mechanisms, and at the same time, with the rise of non-invasive neuromodulation technology, the application of tVNS in other diseases also has great potential for development.
A virtual culinary medicine intervention for ethnically diverse individuals with type 2 diabetes: development of the Nourishing the Community through Culinary Medicine
Authors: Macias-Navarro Lorena , McWhorter John Wesley , Guevara Diana C. , Bentley Sarah S. , Sharma Shreela V. , Torres Jennifer H. , Ai David , Heredia Natalia I.
Published: August 2024

Virtual culinary medicine education interventions have the potential to improve dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge, cooking skills, and health outcomes for ethnically diverse individuals with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to describe the adaptation of the Nourishing the Community through Culinary Medicine (NCCM) program for virtual delivery, and the protocol for pilot testing this intervention. The intervention includes five 90-min virtual NCCM sessions streamed live from a Teaching Kitchen. Feasibility outcomes are recruitment, retention, acceptability, and satisfaction. Short-term effectiveness outcomes are measured through self-administered questionnaires, including perceived health, average daily servings of fruits and vegetables, frequency of healthy food consumption, shopping, cooking, and eating behaviors, cooking self-efficacy, diabetes self-management, perceived barriers to healthy eating, and nutrition knowledge. Demographics and biometric outcomes are sourced from the patient’s electronic medical records including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Body Mass Index, and blood pressure. We will conduct a single-arm pilot study to test the feasibility and short-term effectiveness of NCCM program with individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Gut-muscle axis mechanism of exercise prevention of sarcopenia
Authors: Li Tao , Yin Danyang , Shi Rengfei
Published: August 2024

Sarcopenia refers to an age-related systemic skeletal muscle disorder, which is characterized by loss of muscle mass and weakening of muscle strength. Gut microbiota can affect skeletal muscle through a variety of mechanisms. Gut microbiota present distinct features among elderly people and sarcopenia patients, including a decrease in microbial diversity, which might be associated with the quality and function of the skeletal muscle. There might be a gut-muscle axis; where gut microbiota and skeletal muscle may affect each other bi-directionally. Skeletal muscle can affect the biodiversity of the gut microbiota, and the latter can, in turn, affect the anabolism of skeletal muscle. This review examines recent studies exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle, summarizes the effects of exercise on gut microbiota, and discusses the possible mechanisms of the gut-muscle axis.
Case report: A rare case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor in an adult with an epithelioid pattern in the occipital region
Authors: Huang Ke , Liu Wen-wen , Chen Xiu-wen , Hao Yin-hua , Luo Sen-yuan , Yuan Ling-ling , Huang Yu-gang , Tang Xian-bin
Published: August 2024

We illustrated a rare case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor (MSFT) with epithelioid morphology in the occipital region of a 59-year-old female, in which a rare NAB2ex7-STAT6 exon15/16 double fusion subtype was detected by the Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and STAT6 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was diffusely and strongly positively expressed, without recurrence after 20 months of postoperative follow-up. The morphological and molecular genetic aspects and the differential diagnosis are described, and the relevant literature was assessed in order to broaden our understanding and diagnostic capability of this malignancy.
Application of 3D reconstruction and 3D printing technology in advanced ovarian cancer surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Cai Zhihui , Zhang Ke , Li Linqian , Suo Yuping
Published: August 2024

Backgrounds

Advanced ovarian cancer is frequently accompanied by extensive peritoneal metastasis, complicating surgical interventions. This study aims to explore the application of 3D reconstruction and 3D printing technology in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60 patients with stage III ovarian cancer who underwent cytoreductive surgery at Hebei University Affiliated Hospital between 2020 and 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups: a 3D visualization group, a 3D visualization plus 3D printing group, and a traditional 2D CT imaging evaluation group. High-precision medical imaging techniques (e.g., CT, MRI) were employed to create digital 3D models, which were then converted into physical entities using 3D printing for surgical planning and simulation.

Results

Both the 3D visualization group and the 3D visualization plus 3D printing group demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of surgery duration and blood loss compared to the traditional 2D CT group, indicating the efficacy of 3D reconstruction and 3D printing in preoperative planning. Postoperative recovery indicators, such as hospital stay and time to first flatus, were also more favorable in the groups utilizing 3D technology. Although there were no significant differences in postoperative complications and recurrence rates among the three groups, the groups using 3D technology showed advantages in reducing certain complications.

Conclusions

The results indicate that medical 3D technology has significant value in the surgical planning of advanced ovarian cancer, enhancing surgical precision and reducing intraoperative risks, which may aid in improving postoperative recovery.
Use of the BRANT-MERQS scoring table for the quality assessment of type 3 medication review in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Robberechts Anneleen , Stas Kaat , Puttemans Margot , Poppe Laura , Steurbaut Stephane , De Meyer Guido R. Y. , De Loof Hans
Published: August 2024

Background

A type 3 medication review (MR3) is a patient-centred medication service primarily provided by pharmacists and is presently employed routinely in several countries. In this process, pharmacists interview patients and collaborate with the treating physician to optimize the patient’s pharmacotherapy, taking into account the patient’s medication history and other medical data including laboratory values. The need to maintain the quality of such interventions during and after their initial implementation cannot be overstated.

Aim

The objective of this study was to refine and assess a scoring table to evaluate the quality of MR3 conducted in Belgian community pharmacies.

Methods

The comprehensive quality of MR3s was assessed by scoring its various components using a previously developed scoring table, called BRANT-MERQS, Brussels Antwerp Medication Review Quality Score. MR3s were analysed from an implementation study with patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA, subproject 1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, subproject 2). Additional information was obtained during a telephone call with a subset of participating pharmacists of subproject 1 who finalized their first MR3.

Results

In subproject 1, a total of 21 MR3s of patients with RA were examined. The assessment showed favourable scores for elements such as a well-organized medication schedule, treatment adherence, and the elaboration of specific interventions. However, certain other quality criteria posed challenges in the evaluation, for example, the use of simple and understandable language. Pharmacists faced time constraints, and elderly general practitioners (GPs) displayed limited enthusiasm, which were notable barriers observed for this subproject. In the context of subproject 2 that investigated 41 MR3s in patients with T2DM, the quality criteria of interaction between pharmacist and GP, and used sources and tools received high scores. However, there was still room for improvement, especially in areas such as accurate dosing, handling kidney function, QT prolongation, correctly associating laboratory values with relevant drugs and medical conditions, and optimisation of medication schedules for patients.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the feasibility of MR3 quality assessment through a scoring system. However, it also unveiled the tool’s current imperfections and highlighted the ongoing need for refinement, something expected of a new service in an implementation phase.
Difficulty in differentiating liver injury from an immune checkpoint inhibitor from chemotherapy
Authors: Lou Shike , Wang Xiaoyin , Yuan Fei , Zhao Gangde , Feng Mingyang , Ding Yezhou , Lin Lanyi , Liu Kehui , Wang Xiaolin , Chi Wanqing , Wang Hui
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy as a promising treatment approach for malignancies. This report focuses on a patient with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) following the administration of chemotherapy and ICIs. A 63-year-old patient with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) initially underwent γ-knife treatment and subsequently received a combination of chemotherapy comprising bevacizumab and camrelizumab. Due to liver abnormalities, both chemotherapy and ICIs were stopped on day 21. The patient’s liver function improved within a month after methylprednisolone treatment. Subsequently, the patient received carboplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab without complications. This finding supported the notion that DILI was likely triggered by the ICI. This case series details a complex instance of DILI resulting from the use of ICIs and pemetrexed/carboplatin. The alignment of the pathological findings and clinical presentation strongly suggested ICI-induced DILI, which was further supported by the definitive response to steroid treatment. This information is important for clinicians, as it emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring liver function and being aware of potential adverse effects associated with ICIs. Such insights contribute to more effective patient care.
Topiramate inhibits adjuvant-induced chronic orofacial inflammatory allodynia in the rat
Authors: Mohos Violetta , Harmat Máté , Kun Jozsef , Aczél Tímea , Zsidó Balázs Zoltán , Kitka Tamás , Farkas Sándor , Pintér Erika , Helyes Zsuzsanna
Published: August 2024

Chronic orofacial pain disorders are common debilitating conditions, affecting the trigeminal system. Its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear and the therapy is often unsatisfactory, therefore, preclinical models are crucial to identify the key mediators and novel treatment options. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced orofacial inflammatory allodynia/hyperalgesia is commonly used in rodents, but it has not been validated with currently used drugs. Here we tested the effects of the adjuvant analgesic/antiepileptic voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker complex mechanism of action topiramate in comparison with the gold standard antimigraine serotonin 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist sumatriptan in this model. CFA was injected subcutaneously into the right whisker pad of male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g), then mechanonociceptive threshold values were investigated with von Frey filaments (3, 5, and 7 days after CFA injection). Effects of topiramate (30 mg/kg per os) and sumatriptan (1 mg/kg subcutaneous) on the adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory orofacial allodynia were investigated 60, 120, and 180 min after the treatments each day. To determine the optimal concentration for drug effect analysis, we tested the effects of two different CFA-concentrations (1 and 0.5 mg/mL) on mechanonociceptive thresholds. Both concentrations of CFA induced a chronic orofacial allodynia in 60% of all rats. Although, higher CFA concentration induced greater allodynia, much more stable threshold reduction was observed with the lower CFA concentration: on day 3 the thresholds decreased from 18.30 g to approximately 11 g (low) and 5 g (high), respectively, however a slight increase was observed in the case of higher CFA concentration (on days 5, 7, and 11). In all investigation days, topiramate showed significant anti-allodynic effect comparing the pre and post drug dose and comparing the vehicle treated to the drug treated groups. Sumatriptan also caused a significant threshold increase compared to pre dose thresholds (day 3) and also showed a slight anti-allodynic effect compared to the vehicle-treated group (day 3 and 5). In the present study CFA-induced chronic orofacial allodynia was reversed by topiramate in rats validating the model with the adjuvant analgesic. Other than establishing a validated orofacial pain-related syndrome model in rats, new ways are opened for the repurposing of topiramate.
Protein assemblies in the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast compartment
Authors: Ditz Noah , Braun Hans-Peter , Eubel Holger
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Equipped with a photosynthetic apparatus that uses the energy of solar radiation to fuel biosynthesis of organic compounds, chloroplasts are the metabolic factories of mature leaf cells. The first steps of energy conversion are catalyzed by a collection of protein complexes, which can dynamically interact with each other for optimizing metabolic efficiency under changing environmental conditions.

Materials and methods

For a deeper insight into the organization of protein assemblies and their roles in chloroplast adaption to changing environmental conditions, an improved complexome profiling protocol employing a MS-cleavable cross-linker is used to stabilize labile protein assemblies during the organelle isolation procedure.

Results and discussion

Changes in protein:protein interaction patterns of chloroplast proteins in response to four different light intensities are reported. High molecular mass assemblies of central chloroplast electron transfer chain components as well as the PSII repair machinery react to different light intensities. In addition, the chloroplast encoded RNA-polymerase complex was found to migrate at a molecular mass of ~8 MDa, well above its previously reported molecular mass. Complexome profiling data produced during the course of this study can be interrogated by interested readers via a web-based online resource (https://complexomemap.de/projectsinteraction-chloroplasts).
Microalgae: towards human health from urban areas to space missions
Authors: Xie Xiulan , Jaleel Abdul , Zhan Jiasui , Ren Maozhi
Published: August 2024

Space exploration and interstellar migration are important strategies for long-term human survival. However, extreme environmental conditions, such as space radiation and microgravity, can cause adverse effects, including DNA damage, cerebrovascular disease, osteoporosis, and muscle atrophy, which would require prophylactic and remedial treatment en route. Production of oral drugs in situ is therefore critical for interstellar travel and can be achieved through industrial production utilizing microalgae, which offers high production efficiency, edibility, resource minimization, adaptability, stress tolerance, and genetic manipulation ease. Synthetic biological techniques using microalgae as a chassis offer several advantages in producing natural products, including availability of biosynthetic precursors, potential for synthesizing natural metabolites, superior quality and efficiency, environmental protection, and sustainable development. This article explores the advantages of bioproduction from microalgal chassis using synthetic biological techniques, suitability of microalgal bioreactor-based cell factories for producing value-added natural metabolites, and prospects and applications of microalgae in interstellar travel.
Exogenous salicylic acid treatment enhances the disease resistance of Panax vietnamensis by regulating secondary metabolite production
Authors: Hou Jiae , Ai Mingtao , Li Jianbin , Cui Xiuming , Liu Yuan , Yang Qian
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound widely found in plants. It plays a key role in exerting plant disease resistance. Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv., a valuable medicinal plant, contains high levels of phenolic compounds, which contribute significantly to the resilience of the plant against stress. However, the precise role of SA in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites in P.vietnamensis remains elusive.

Methods

Two-year-old P. vietnamensis seedlings were treated with exogenous SA. We systematically assessed the changes in the physiological parameters of SA-treated P. vietnamensis leaves, employing transcriptome and metabolome analyses to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Results

Our results revealed a significant improvement of the plant’s antioxidant capacity at 6 h post-treatment. Furthermore, exogenous SA treatment promoted the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids such as rutin, coumarin, and cyanidin. In addition, it increased the levels of endogenous SA and jasmonic acid (JA), promoting the disease resistance of the plants. Thus, SA pretreatment enhanced the defense of P. vietnamensis against pathogens.

Conclusions

Our study provided novel insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying SA-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, our results provided a theoretical foundation for optimizing the cultivation practices of P.vietnamensis and the application of SA as a plant immunomodulator.
Factors determining curtailment behaviour of youths: moderating role of government policies
Authors: Ahmad Asad , Garg Swati , Kirmani Mohd Danish , Madsen Dag Øivind
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Environmental degradation poses a significant threat, making the comprehension of sustainable behaviour imperative for both environmental and business reasons. Embracing sustainable practices and reducing the unnecessary consumption of resources is essential in our current times. One can be sustainable by focusing on either buying sustainable or green products or by using fewer resources, i.e., by adopting curtailment behaviour. The purpose of this study is to determine various factors and their impact on the curtailment behaviour of youths.

Methods

We used an exploratory and descriptive research design. Responses were generated from 513 young respondents using a structured questionnaire developed based on the extant literature.

Results

The structural model findings showed that social norms, eco-concern, and religiosity significantly and positively affect curtailment behaviour. However, we observed no significant influence of financial concern or government policy on curtailment behaviour. We also tested the moderation impact of government policy on the relationship between economic concern and curtailment behaviour. The findings suggest that the relationship between eco-concern and curtailment behaviour is stronger for consumers exhibiting higher commitment to government policy.

Discussion

It is imperative that politicians exercise critical thought and devise strategies to encourage more sustainable consumer behaviour. With the strains that our world is under now and in the future, we need to unite around a common goal: ensuring that our planet is sustainable for coming generations. The study findings are useful for academicians, marketers, and policymakers.
Quality culture, university-industry collaboration, and perceived employability among vocational students in China: a Yanpei Huang perspective
Authors: Li Hui , Khattak Shoukat Iqbal , Shamim Muhammed Asif
Published: August 2024

Students’ perceived employability (SPE) can be seen as one of the indicators of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) quality. However, less is known about the determining factors of SPE in vocational education. As the founder of modern vocational education in China, Yanpei Huang has written a large volume on ensuring students’ employability and the quality culture of TVET. Nowadays, as the feature and nature of TVET, university-industry collaboration (UIC) has been promoted worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of quality culture from Yanpei Huang’s perspective (YHQC) on the SPE and the UIC role in the relationship between YHQC and SPE in a TVET university in China. Data were collected by questionnaire from 341 students from one vocational education university in China. The questionnaire included measures of quality culture, perceived employability, and UIC. The Structural Equation Modelling by AMOS 25 was used to test the proposed hypothesis. The results indicate that YHQC acts as a significant factor in enhancing SPE, and UIC is found to act as a partial mediator in this relationship. This study has contributed to the literature and practices by presenting a comprehensive quality culture from Yanpei Huang’s perspective, confirming the above relationship, and providing practical suggestions for stakeholders to develop a quality culture in TVET institutes, promote UIC, and enhance SPE.
Empowering older adults: evaluating the impact of a smartphone education app on independent living
Authors: Woo Ye-Shin , Shin Ga-in , Park Hae Yean
Published: August 2024

Purpose

As science and technology advance, older people’s ability to use smart devices in their daily living is becoming more demanding. This study addresses the increasing use of smartphones by the older adults, who often struggle with technology due to lack of competence. We developed an educational app tailored for older adults users and compare its effectiveness with existing educational videos.

Methods

An app was created based on the learning characteristics of the older adults, using the ADDIE model, and compared with traditional video education. It involved six participants aged 65 or older, and convenience sampling method was used, evaluating the app and video through usability assessments and eye tracking. Quantitative and qualitative analyzes were conducted with focus groups under the researcher’s control.

Results

The app received higher usability scores than the video in content, motivation, and interaction. Eye tracking showed users paid more consistent attention to the app.

Conclusion

The smartphone app facilitates learning for the older adults without the constraints of time and place, improving their quality of life and technology skills. Eye tracking can be instrumental in future app development for this demographic.
Prevalence and association between alcohol, tobacco, and COVID-19: a study from a tribal predominant district in eastern India
Authors: Narasimha Venkata Lakshmi , Nath Santanu , Alam Benazir , Kumari Bipasa , Kumari Pooja , Kumari Shalini , Kaur Jagdish , Varshney Saurabh
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Alcohol and tobacco use has been proposed to significantly affect COVID-19 outcomes. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among COVID-19-positive patients and compare it with the general population prevalence rates. It also aimed to assess and determine the association between the severity of COVID-19 illness and the complications with alcohol and tobacco use.

Method

For this, a cross-sectional, retrospective, telephone-based study was conducted using a structured questionnaire among COVID-19 diagnosed patients in the district of Deoghar of the Indian state of Jharkhand. A multinomial logistic regression is done to determine the association.

Results

Among 1,425 patients interviewed, tobacco and alcohol were used by 22.31 and 9.96%, significantly more than the prevalence of tobacco (Z = 4.9485, p < 0.00001) and alcohol use (Z = 7.118, p < 0.00001), respectively, in the district (tobacco-11.7% and alcohol-4.8%).

In a regression model, patients with co-morbidity had higher odds of severe [3.34 (1.99–5.62)] and moderate [2.95 (1.97–4.41)] COVID-19. Young [0.12 (0.04–0.38)] and middle-aged individuals [0.23 (0.13–0.4)], people below the poverty line 0.28 (0.11–0.69) are at lower odds of severe COVID-19. Tobacco users [1.58 (1.16–2.14)], alcohol users [1.53 (1.03–2.28)], incomplete vaccination [3.24 (1.49–7.01)], and patients with comorbidity [3.6 (2.79–4.68)] were found to have higher odds of post-COVID-19 complications.

Discussion

People with COVID-19 in our study population had significantly higher tobacco and alcohol use compared to the general population. Tobacco and alcohol use significantly increases the risk of post-COVID-19 complications. The study highlights the need for addiction treatment services to prevent complications during future pandemics.
Ferroptosis: a new perspective on the pathogenesis of radiation-induced cataracts
Authors: Tang Yufu , Liang Hongying , Su Lixia , Xue Xiangming , Zhan Jingming
Published: August 2024

Ionizing radiation is a significant risk factor for cataracts, but the pathogenesis of radiation-induced cataracts remains incompletely understood. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death discovered in recent years, has gained increasing attention for its role in various diseases. This article systematically reviews research progress on ionizing radiation, ferroptosis, age-related cataracts, and radiation-induced cataracts. It proposes the “ferroptosis hypothesis” for the pathogenesis of radiation-induced cataracts. Through ionization and oxidative stress effects, ionizing radiation leads to elevated free iron levels and exacerbated lipid peroxidation in lens cells, activating the ferroptosis pathway and resulting in lens opacity. The involvement of ferroptosis in the development of age-related cataracts suggests that it may also be an important pathogenic mechanism of radiation-induced cataracts. Targeting the ferroptosis pathway may be a novel strategy for preventing and treating radiation-induced cataracts. Furthermore, developing new ferroptosis-specific inhibitors with improved targeting and pharmacokinetic properties is also an essential direction for research on preventing and treating radiation-induced cataracts. The study of ferroptosis provides new insights into the mechanism and management of radiation-induced cataracts, potentially transforming radiation-induced cataracts from “inevitable” to “preventable and treatable.”
Insights into the visitations of oceanic manta rays at cleaning stations on coral reefs in the Bird's Head Seascape, eastern Indonesia
Authors: Setyawan Edy , Mambrasar Ronald , Sianipar Abraham B. , Hasan Abdy W. , Putra Mochamad I. H. , Mofu Imanuel , Beale Calvin S. , Erdmann Mark V.
Published: August 2024

The globally endangered oceanic manta ray Mobula birostris is believed to spend significantly more time in the open ocean than in coastal areas. Nonetheless, the Bird's Head Seascape (BHS) in eastern Indonesia hosts a large population of this species (over 850 individuals), frequently sighted at coral reef cleaning stations and forming a vital asset for marine tourism in the region. Despite this, detailed understanding of the movements and habitat use of this wide-ranging species within shallow (< 30 m) coral reef ecosystems remains limited. Addressing this knowledge gap is urgently required for the sustainable management of oceanic manta ray-focused tourism in the region. Here, we report the results of an initial passive acoustic telemetry study investigating the use of coral reef cleaning stations by oceanic manta rays. Forty-one rays were acoustically tracked from February 2016 to August 2019 in an array of 28 acoustic receivers deployed at known cleaning stations and hypothesized transit points across the BHS (including the regions of Raja Ampat, Fakfak, and Kaimana). A total of 5,822 detections were recorded by 16 of the 28 receivers from all tagged individuals, and 421 visitation events were documented from 37 out of the 41 tagged individuals, providing valuable insights into their visitation patterns at cleaning stations. Tagged individuals were detected at receiver stations for durations ranging from 0.2 to 427.0 min (mean ± SD = 48 ± 64 min). Notably, 94% of detections were recorded during daylight hours (reaching a peak at noon), underscoring an apparent diurnal pattern in time spent around cleaning stations. The study documented frequent short-range movements between adjacent receivers (5–12 km apart), with two-thirds of all 191 tracked movements occurring between neighboring stations in southern Raja Ampat. Notably, tagged individuals were detected repeatedly at three cleaning stations which were previously only known for hosting reef manta rays, suggesting oceanic manta rays likely also utilize these cleaning stations. Our study provides important insights into the visitations and local movements of oceanic manta rays between coral reef cleaning stations, which will inform effective oceanic manta ray conservation efforts and tourism management in the BHS.
Predictors for postoperative dysphagia in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Isdahl Marian , Katz Lily , Johnson Michaela , Leverson Glen , Al-Adra David , Thibeault Susan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Liver transplant recipients are at a heightened risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia; identification of those who are at high risk for postoperative dysphagia could reduce hospital costs and length of stay. We sought to identify predictors of dysphagia, in a large cohort of patients who underwent liver transplantation.

Methods

Electronic medical records were queried for patients undergoing liver transplantation, who underwent instrumental swallowing evaluations. Demographics, functional outcomes, and interventions were collected. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of dysphagia.

Results

Seven hundred and ninety-five patients met inclusionary criteria. Multivariate analyses found ethnic group (p = .0191), MELD Score (p < 0001), cold ischemia time (p = .0123), and length of intubation (p < .0001) to be predictors of post-operative development of dysphagia. Pre-transplant dialysis (p < .0001), dysphagia related to end stage liver disease (p < .0001), Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (p < .0001), wait time to transplant (p = 0.0173), surgery time (p = 0.0095), tracheostomy (p < 0.0001), and transfusion of intraoperative RBC (p < .0001), intraoperative platelets (p = 0.0018), intraoperative FFP (p = 0.0495), perioperative FFP (p = 0.0002), perioperative platelets (p = 0.0151) and perioperative RBC (p = 0.0002) were variables of significance associated with the development of postoperative dysphagia from univariate analysis.

Conclusions

Our results propose a set of predictors that should be considered when identifying post-operative critically ill patients at risk for dysphagia.
Current political uses of sport revised: beyond public diplomacy and sportswashing
Authors: Costa Rafael , Moriconi Marcelo
Published: August 2024

The successful emergence of the Gulf states as central players in the global sporting ecosystem has revived the intellectual debate on the political and diplomatic use of sport. In the last decade, the amount of research on the topic have radically increase. The old narrative traditions explaining sport diplomacy have recently been joined by a new set of literature about the concept of sportswashing, which questions the place of non-democratic governments in the sporting world. Considering that current approaches are somehow limited to explain the real scope of the situation, this article proposes a new systematization of the political and diplomatic use of sport today, differentiating between practices, actors, and objectives. The aim is to demonstrate how sport as a tool of soft power has transcended the limits of public diplomacy and goes far beyond the simplistic and preconceptual analysis developed by authors who support the concept of sportswashing. The new conceptual framework warns that the politicization of sport is not always positive and shows how some political practices can jeopardies the core values of sport and delegitimize its positive aspect. The results open a new agenda for political science research on a topic that, despite its interest and importance, remains understudied.
Rapid detection of avian leukemia virus using CRISPR/Cas13a based lateral flow dipstick
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Zichuang , Zhang Zongshu , Chen Xi , Wang Chunguang , Zhai Xianghe , Zhang Tie
Published: August 2024

Avian leukemia virus (ALV) is one of the main pathogens of poultry tumor diseases, and has caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry since its discovery. Therefore, establishing a rapid detection method is essential to effectively prevent and control the spread of ALV. In this study, specific CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) primers with T7 promoter were designed based on the relatively conserved sequence of avian leukemia virus. When crRNA recognized the target sequence, Cas13a protein was activated to cut the reporting probes, and then the detection results were read by using lateral flow dipstick (LFD). The RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD reaction system was constructed. The RAA amplification time, Cas13a protein concentration, crRNA concentration and CRISPR reaction time were optimized to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the system. Finally, RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD method was compared with Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Agarose electrophoresis method and qPCR method in the detection of clinical samples, and the reliability of RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD method was evaluated. The results showed that the RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD method could effectively amplify the target gene at 37°C for 40 min, and the test results could be determined by LFD visual observation. The method had good specificity and no cross-reaction with Marek’s disease virus (MDV), Fowl adenovirus (FAdV), Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), and Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The minimum detection limit of the method was 100 copies/μL, and it had good repeatability and stability. The coincidence rate of clinical detection reached 97.69% and 99.23%. In summary, this study established a simple, efficient, accurate and visualized ALV detection method, which can be used for the prevention and rapid clinical diagnosis of avian leukosis (AL).
Molecular classification of endometrial cancer: preliminary experience from a single Portuguese academic center
Authors: Casanova João , da Costa Ana G. , Lopes Ana Pestana , Catarino Ana , Nave Mónica , Sousa Ana Carla , Lima Jorge
Published: August 2024

Background

Since the seminal publication of the TCGA consortium in 2013, the molecular classification of endometrial cancer has been widely accepted as a new and powerful tool to better understand the natural history of this malignancy. Adoption of routine molecular classification around the world has been limited. We sought to demonstrate our initial experience in incorporating the four molecular subtypes for endometrioid carcinomas.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis at a single center in Portugal. Molecular classification was determined using immunohistochemical staining for MMR and p53 and Sanger Sequencing to determine POLE mutation status as per published PROMISE method. Descriptive statistics were reported.

Results

20 patients with endometrioid histology were included. Median age of the cohort was 64 years (range 45–76). Median Body Mass Index (kg/m2) was 29.81 (range 21.3–43.1). In terms of tumor grading, 16 (80%) of the endometrial carcinomas of the cohort were low-grade (either grade 1 or grade 2). 16 (80%) of the cases were FIGO stage I. Regarding the molecular classification the tumors were classified as: MMRd [n = 6 (30%)]; p53 abn [n = 2 (10%)]; NSMP (n = 10 (50%)), POLE ultramut [n = 2 (10%)].

Conclusion

Despite the small sample size, we were able to show that molecular classification is feasible. To our knowledge this is the first cohort of endometroid endometrial carcinomas fully characterized according to the TCGA classification in Portugal, from one single center.
Exploring Clique Transversal Variants on Distance-Hereditary Graphs: Computational Insights and Algorithmic Approaches
Authors: Lee Chuan-Min
Published: August 2024

The clique transversal problem is a critical concept in graph theory, focused on identifying a minimum subset of vertices that intersects all maximal cliques in a graph. This problem and its variations—such as the k-fold clique, {k}-clique, minus clique, and signed clique transversal problems—have received significant interest due to their theoretical importance and practical applications. This paper examines the k-fold clique, {k}-clique, minus clique, and signed clique transversal problems on distance-hereditary graphs. Known for their distinctive structural properties, distance hereditary graphs provide an ideal framework for studying these problem variants. By exploring these issues in the context of distance-hereditary graphs, this research enhances the understanding of the computational challenges and the potential for developing efficient algorithms to address these problems.
Conceptual Framework for Unlocking Customer Satisfaction Drivers in Digital Vendor-Managed Inventory Systems
Authors: Osarenkhoe Aihie , Fjellström Daniella , Gioeli Tove , Backer-Meurke Anna
Published: August 2024

There are calls in the extant literature for further exploration into the factors influencing customer satisfaction in industrial vending solutions (IVS), a distinct vendor-managed inventory method. This study delves into these factors, identifying primary drivers of satisfaction, perceptions of service quality, and indicators of trust and commitment in B2B IVS. It examines how IVS execution impacts perceived service quality through in-depth semi-structured interviews with B2B customers, focusing on efficiency, user-friendliness, and timeliness as key satisfaction drivers. Trust in the customer–supplier relationship positively affects commitment to the supplier. Successful IVS implementation enhances inventory control, customer service, and cost management. Supply chain managers can use these insights to evaluate vending solutions. Future research could explore supplier perceptions of vendor-managed inventory (VMI) success and conduct larger quantitative studies. This study distinguishes itself by focusing on the primary drivers of customer satisfaction and the perception of service quality in B2B IVS environments. It offers a conceptual framework for managing customer satisfaction, product development, and marketing strategies in IVS, addressing a gap in the literature on IVS within VMI contexts.
Four-Dimensional Trajectory Optimization for CO2 Emission Benchmarking of Arrival Traffic Flow with Point Merge Topology
Authors: Wang Chao , Xu Chenyang , Li Wenqing , Li Shanmei , Sun Shilei
Published: August 2024

The benchmarking of CO2 emissions serves as the foundation for the accurate assessment of the environmental impact of air traffic. To calculate the environmental benchmarks of arrival traffic flows with Point Merge System (PMS) patterns, this study proposes a 4D trajectory optimization method that combines data-driven and optimal control models. First, the predominant arrival routes of traffic flows are identified using the trajectory spectral clustering method, which provides the horizontal reference for 4D trajectory optimization. Second, an optimal control model for vertical profiles with point merging topology is established, with the objective of minimizing the fuel–time cost. Finally, considering the complex structure of the PMS, a flexible and adaptable genetic algorithm-based vertical profile nonlinear optimization model is created. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is adaptable to variations in aircraft type and cost index parameters, enabling the generation of different 4D trajectories. The results also indicate an environmental efficiency gap of approximately 10% between the actual CO2 emissions of the arrival traffic flow example and the obtained benchmark. With this benchmark trajectory generation methodology, the environmental performance of PMSs and associated arrival aircraft scheduling designs can be assessed on the basis of reliable data.
MobGSim-YOLO: Mobile Device Terminal-Based Crack Hole Detection Model for Aero-Engine Blades
Authors: Hou Xinyao , Zeng Hao , Jia Lu , Peng Jingbo , Wang Weixuan
Published: August 2024

Hole detection is an important means of crack detection for aero-engine blades, and the current technology still mainly relies on manual operation, which may cause safety hazards for visual reasons. To address this problem, this paper proposes a deep learning-based, aero-engine blade crack detection model. First, the K-means++ algorithm is used to recalculate the anchor points, which reduces the influence of the anchor frame on the accuracy; second, the backbone network of YOLOv5s is replaced with Mobilenetv3 for a lightweight design; then, the slim-neck module is embedded into the neck part, and the activation function is replaced with Hard Sigmoid for redesign, which improves the accuracy and the convergence speed. Finally, in order to improve the learning ability for small targets, the SimAM attention mechanism is embedded in the head. A large number of ablation tests are conducted in real engine blade data, and the results show that the average precision of the improved model is 93.1%, which is 29.3% higher; the number of parameters of the model is 12.58 MB, which is 52.96% less, and the Frames Per Second (FPS) can be up to 95. The proposed algorithm meets the practical needs and is suitable for hole detection.
FEgg3D: A Non-Contact and Dynamic Measuring Device for Egg Shape Parameters and Weight Based on a Self-Designed Laser Scanner
Authors: Zhu Yuhua , Song Daoyi , Wu Xintong , Bu Junyan , Luo Sheng , Wang Hongying , Wang Liangju
Published: August 2024

In large-scale poultry farming, real-time online measurement of egg weight and shape parameters remains a challenge. To address this, we developed FEgg3D, a non-contact dynamic measuring device based on a self-designed laser scanner. The device employed a subset of the point cloud generated to predict the shape parameters and weight of eggs using machine learning algorithms. Different colors and sizes of eggs on various backgrounds were scanned using FEgg3D mounted on a gantry system. Our results demonstrated the following: (1) The Support Vector Regression (SVR) model was optimal for major axis length estimation, with an R2 of 0.932 using six laser lines and eight points per line. (2) The Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model excelled in minor axis length estimation, achieving an R2 of 0.974 with six laser lines and 16 points per line. (3) SVR was optimal for volume estimation, attaining an R2 of 0.962 with six laser lines and 16 points per line. (4) GPR showed superior performance in weight prediction, with an R2 of 0.964 using five laser lines and 16 points per line. Including density features significantly improved accuracy to an R2 of 0.978. This approach paves the way for advanced online egg measurement in commercial settings.
Structure Optimization of Gliding Arc Electrodes for Seed Treatment Based on the Study of Plasma Distribution Characteristics
Authors: Hao Linjie , You Yong , Hui Yunting , Wang Decheng , Shao Changyong
Published: August 2024

Plasma seed pretreatment is an important means to rapidly improve seed quality. The studies on plasma-generating devices suitable for continuous seed pretreatment at atmospheric pressure have been relatively limited. Gliding arc discharge can generate atmospheric pressure plasma at room temperature, which provides a new way to use plasma to treat seeds at ambient temperature and pressure. By analyzing the influence of structural characteristics, such as gliding arc electrode shape, discharge distance, and electrode opening angle on plasma distribution, a plasma seed treatment method based on negative pressure guidance was proposed, and the electrode structure was optimized. The results show that the reasonable matching of electrode structure parameters can improve the gliding arc guiding ability of the discharge electrode. Comparing the three electrode shapes, it was found that the triangular electrode had the best gliding arc guiding ability, and it had the potential to further increase the plasma size with the increase in the electrode size. The discharge distance and electrode opening angle had a significant impact on the gliding arc guiding ability of the discharge electrode. When the discharge distance was 15 mm and the electrode opening angle was 76°, the structure parameters of the plasma seed treatment electrode were matched with each other, and the best processing capacity was achieved. After 10 s of gliding arc plasma treatment with the optimized triangular electrode structure, the seed germination rate and germination index of Leymus chinensis ((Trin.) Tzvel) increased by 33.3% and 13.8%. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of gliding arc electrode structures and serves as a reference for the research and development of plasma generators for continuous seed treatment at atmospheric pressure.