bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of New Mixed‐Valence Terbium (III)/(IV) Fluorides with a Random Distribution Between Tb3+ and Tb4+.
Authors: Josse M. , Dubois M. , El‐Ghozzi M. , Avignant D.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Quaternary Lanthanum Oxythioantimonite: La6Sb4O12S3.
Authors: So Won‐Wook , LaCour Angete , Aliev Vugar O. , Dorhout Peter K.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Crystal Structure of [Pt(NH3)4][PtI4]: Comparison with Magnus′ Green Salt.
Authors: Casas Jose S. , Parajo Yolanda , Romero Yago , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Angeles , Sordo Jose , Vazquez‐Lopez Ezequiel M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Beyond the Conventional Number of Electrons in M6X12 Type Metal Halide Clusters: W6Cl18, (Me4N)2[W6Cl18], and Cs2[W6Cl18].
Authors: Dill Simone , Glaser Jochen , Stroebele Markus , Tragl Sonja , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoluminescence of Ba(SCN)2:Eu2+.
Authors: Wickleder Claudia
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Collective Ionic Motion in Oxide Fast‐Ion‐Conductors.
Authors: Mohn Chris E. , Allan Neil L. , Freeman Colin L. , Ravindran Ponniah , Stoelen Svein
Published: August 2004

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Neutron Diffraction Study of the Magnetic Structures of One‐Dimensional M2TbF6 (M: Li, K, Rb) Fluorides: Frustration, Incommensurability and Magnetic Interactions.
Authors: Josse M. , Dubois M. , El‐Ghozzi M. , Avignant D. , Andre G. , Bouree F. , Guillot M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Valence State of Uranium in K6Cu12U2S15.
Authors: Schilder H. , Speldrich M. , Lueken H. , Sutorik A. C. , Kanatzidis M. G.
Published: August 2004

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Leaching Chemistry and the Performance of the Mo6S8 Cathodes in Rechargeable Mg Batteries.
Authors: Lancry Eli , Levi Elena , Gofer Yossi , Levi Mikhael , Salitra Gregory , Aurbach Doron
Published: August 2004

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Formation of Zirconium Metallic Glass.
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong , Zhao Yusheng
Published: August 2004

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Formation of Large Clusters in the Reaction of Lanthanide Cations with Heptamolybdate.
Authors: Burgemeister Katja , Drewes Daniel , Limanski Eva Melanie , Kueper Ina , Krebs Bernt
Published: August 2004

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Asymmetric Addition of KCN and Ac2O to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Recyclable Polymeric Salen‐Ti(IV) Complexes.
Authors: Huang Wei , Song Yuming , Bai Changmin , Cao Guoying , Zheng Zhuo
Published: August 2004

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Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols by the Sequential Aminoxylation—Olefination Reactions of Aldehydes under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Zhong Guofu , Yu Yongping
Published: August 2004

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Enantioselective Opening of Cyclic Vinyl Epoxides with Organoaluminum Reagents Catalyzed by Copper Salts.
Authors: Equey Olivier , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: August 2004

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Bacterial Monooxygenase Mediated Preparation of Nonracemic Chiral Oxiranes: Study of the Effects of Substituent Nature and Position.
Authors: Bernasconi Silvana , Orsini Fulvia , Sello Guido , Di Gennaro Patrizia
Published: August 2004

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Radical Cyclization of Epoxynitriles Mediated by Titanocene Chloride.
Authors: Fernandez‐Mateos A. , Buron L. Mateos , Clemente R. Rabanedo , Ramos Silvo Ana I. , Rubio Gonzalez R.
Published: August 2004

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Silica‐Supported MoO3: A Mild Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Beckmann Rearrangement and Its Application to Some Sugar‐Derived Ketoximes.
Authors: Dongare Mohan K. , Bhagwat Vivekanand V. , Ramana C. V. , Gurjar Mukund K.
Published: August 2004

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Fast Microwave Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Phthalides from Bromobenzyl Alcohols Utilizing DMF and Mo(CO)6 as Carbon Monoxide Sources.
Authors: Wu Xiongyu , Mahalingam A. K. , Wan Yiqian , Alterman Mathias
Published: August 2004

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Oxidation of Alkylarenes by Nitrate Catalyzed by Polyoxophosphomolybdates: Synthetic Applications and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Khenkin Alexander M. , Neumann Ronny
Published: August 2004

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Cyanosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salt and N‐Oxide.
Authors: Zhou Hui , Chen Fu‐Xue , Qin Bo , Feng Xiaoming , Zhang Guolin
Published: August 2004

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An Eco‐Friendly Regeneration of Aldehydes Exploiting Ammonium Acetate under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mitra Alok Kumar , Karchaudhuri Nilay , De Aparna
Published: August 2004

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A Simple One‐Pot Organometallic Formylation/Trapping Sequence Using N‐Formylcarbazole.
Authors: Dixon Darren J. , Lucas Amanda C.
Published: August 2004

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Metathesis of Hex‐1‐ene in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Vasnev Alexander V. , Greish Alexander A. , Kustov Leonid M.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of α‐Substituted Acrolein Dimethylhydrazones Containing an Acetal Group.
Authors: Vahmistrov V. E. , Tsvetkov N. P. , Koldobsky A. B. , Vorontsov E. V. , Kalinin V. N.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of (Z)‐α‐Chloro‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters with Complete Stereoselectivity Promoted by Samarium Diiodide.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Huerta Monica , Llavona Ricardo
Published: August 2004

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Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbene Transfer with Ethyl 3,3,3‐Trifluoro‐2‐diazopropionate.
Authors: Mueller Paul , Grass Stephane , Shahi Shatrughan P. , Bernardinelli Gerald
Published: August 2004

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Intermolecular Dienyl Pauson—Khand Reaction.
Authors: Wender Paul A. , Deschamps Nicole M. , Williams Travis J.
Published: August 2004

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Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition of Triorganoindium Reagents to Carbocyclic Derivatives.
Authors: Baker Lucas , Minehan Thomas
Published: August 2004

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Discovery and Synthesis of Novel Phosphine‐Based Ligands for Aryl Aminations.
Authors: Singer Robert A. , Tom Norma J. , Frost Heather N. , Simon Wendy M.
Published: August 2004

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Vanadium‐Catalyzed Selenide Oxidation with in situ [2,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement (SOS Reaction): Scope and Asymmetric Applications.
Authors: Bourland T. Campbell , Carter Rich G. , Yokochi Alexandre F. T.
Published: August 2004

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Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Cross‐Linked Polymer‐Bound Lithium Dialkylamide.
Authors: Seki Atsushi , Ishiwata Fusae , Takizawa Youichi , Asami Masatoshi
Published: August 2004

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Highly Diastereoselective Addition of Ketone Enolates to N‐Sulfinyl Imines: Asymmetric Synthesis of syn‐ and anti‐1,3‐Amino Alcohol Derivatives
Authors: Kennedy Andrew , Nelson Adam , Perry Alexis
Published: August 2004

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New Method for the Synthesis of α‐Chlorocinnamonitriles.
Authors: Nenajdenko V. G. , Shastin A. V. , Golubinskii I. V. , Lenkova O. N. , Balenkova E. S.
Published: August 2004

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Reductive Cleavage of S—S Bond by Zn/AlCl3 System: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Sulfides from Alkyl Tosylates and Disulfides.
Authors: Movassagh Barahman , Mossadegh Amir
Published: August 2004

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Arenesulfinamides as New Reagents for the Synthesis of Allylic Sulfoxides.
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Pastor Aurelia , Cabrera Jose
Published: August 2004

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A New and Convenient in situ Method of Generating Phenyl Isocyanates from Anilines Using Oxalyl Chloride.
Authors: Oh Lynette M. , Spoors P. Grant , Goodman Richard M.
Published: August 2004

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General Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Di(1‐adamantyl)alkylphosphines and Their Phosphonium Salts.
Authors: Tewari Amit , Hein Martin , Zapf Alexander , Beller Matthias
Published: August 2004

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Highly Regioselective N‐Alkylation of Nonracemic Betti Base: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral N‐Methyl‐N‐alkyl Betti Bases.
Authors: Dong Yanmei , Sun Jianwei , Wang Xinyan , Xu Xuenong , Chao Liya , Hu Yuefei
Published: August 2004

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1‐ And 2‐Substituted Naphthalenes: A New Class of Potential Hypotensive Agents.
Authors: Tandon Vishnu K. , Singh Kunwar A. , Goswamy Gajendra K.
Published: August 2004

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Propargylic Carbenoids. Part 3. Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans‐Ethynyl N‐tert‐Butanesulfinylaziridines.
Authors: Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck
Published: August 2004

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Design, Synthesis, and Structure—Activity Relationship of New Isobenzofuranone Ligands of Protein Kinase C.
Authors: Baba Yoshiyasu , Ogoshi Yosuke , Hirai Go , Yanagisawa Takeshi , Nagamatsu Kumiko , Mayumi Satoshi , Hashimoto Yuichi , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: August 2004

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Cyclization of Unsaturated N‐Chloroamines under Acidic Conditions: A Polar Reaction via Chloronium Ions.
Authors: Noack Michael , Kalsow Stefanie , Goettlich Richard
Published: August 2004

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1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐γ‐carbolinium Salts: Novel Reactions with Thiols, Mediated by Polymer‐Supported Reagents.
Authors: Lizarzaburu Mike E. , Shuttleworth Stephen J.
Published: August 2004

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Cross‐Coupling of sp3 C—H Bonds and Alkenes: Catalytic Cyclization of Alkene—Amide Substrates.
Authors: DeBoef Brenton , Pastine Stefan J. , Sames Dalibor
Published: August 2004

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Design, Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies of Novel Indazole Analogues as DNA Gyrase Inhibitors with Gram‐Positive Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Tanitame Akihiko , Oyamada Yoshihiro , Ofuji Keiko , Kyoya Yoko , Suzuki Kenji , Ito Hideaki , Kawasaki Motoji , Nagai Kazuo , Wachi Masaaki , Yamagishi Jun‐ichi
Published: August 2004

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Potent DNA Gyrase Inhibitors. Novel 5‐Vinylpyrazole Analogues with Gram‐Positive Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Tanitame Akihiko , Oyamada Yoshihiro , Ofuji Keiko , Suzuki Kenji , Ito Hideaki , Kawasaki Motoji , Wachi Masaaki , Yamagishi Jun‐ichi
Published: August 2004

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Addition of 4,4‐Dimethyl‐2‐oxazoline to Alkenes.
Authors: Wiedemann Sean H. , Bergman Robert G. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: August 2004

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Regioselective Reduction of 5‐Substituted 2‐Alkylidene‐4‐oxothiazolidines by Metal Hydrides.
Authors: Markovic Rade , Baranac Marija , Stojanovic Milovan
Published: August 2004

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A New Approach for the ortho‐Substitution of Anilines and for the Synthesis of Indolines.
Authors: Moutrille Cecile , Zard Samir Z.
Published: August 2004

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Formal Radical Cyclization onto Benzene Rings: A General Method and Its Use in the Synthesis of ent‐Nocardione A.
Authors: Clive Derrick L. J. , Fletcher Stephen P. , Liu Dazhan
Published: August 2004

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The Rational Design of Modified Cinchona Alkaloid Catalysts. Application to a New Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Chromanes.
Authors: Merschaert Alain , Delbeke Pieter , Daloze Desire , Dive Georges
Published: August 2004

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3,4‐Dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐ones: Novel Ligands for the Benzodiazepine Site of α5‐Containing GABAA Receptors.
Authors: Szekeres Helen J. , Atack John R. , Chambers Mark S. , Cook Susan M. , Macaulay Alison J. , Pillai Gopalan V. , MacLeod Angus M.
Published: August 2004

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The Discovery of N‐(1,3‐Thiazol‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2‐amines as Potent Inhibitors of KDR Kinase.
Authors: Bilodeau Mark T. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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A Convenient Synthesis of 1′‐H‐Spiro‐(indoline‐3,4′‐piperidine) and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Xie Jian‐Shu , Huang Charles Q. , Fang Yan‐Yan , Zhu Yun‐Fei
Published: August 2004

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Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Friedlaender Hetero‐Annulation: A Rapid Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted Quinolines.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Premalatha K.
Published: August 2004

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Novel Borane Reduction of Ether‐Protected Aromatic Lactams.
Authors: Hu Wan‐Ping , Tsai Pei‐Ching , Hsu Ming‐Kuan , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: August 2004

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Highly‐Efficient DNA Photocleavers with Long Wavelength Absorptions: Thio‐heterocyclic Fused Naphthalimides Containing Aminoalkyl Side Chains.
Authors: Qian Xuhong , Li Yonggang , Xu Yufang , Liu Yan , Qu Baoyuan
Published: August 2004

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Cerium(III)‐Catalyzed Cyclizations with 1‐Cyanomethylene Tetrahydroisoquinoline: Substituent Controlled Formation of Fused Pyrroles or Pyridines.
Authors: Vincze Zoltan , Nemes Peter , Balazs Barbara , Toth Gabor , Scheiber Pal
Published: August 2004

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One Step of Palladium Catalyzed Benzodioxane Ring C—O Bond Formation, Synthesis of Isoamericanol A and Isoamericanin A.
Authors: Jing Xiaobi , Shi Yaocheng , Liu Yonghong , Han Ying , Yan Chaoguo , Wang Li
Published: August 2004

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An Efficient Synthesis of Novel 1,3‐Oxazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazinones.
Authors: Frolov Eugene B. , Lakner Frederick J. , Khvat Alexandre V. , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Quinazolines and Imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines with the Aid of a Low‐Valent Titanium Reagent.
Authors: Shi Daqing , Wang Juxian , Shi Chunling , Rong Liangce , Zhuang Qiya , Hu Hongwen
Published: August 2004

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Lead Discovery of Quinoxalinediones as an Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) by High‐Throughput Screening.
Authors: Cheon Hyae‐Gyeong , Lee Chul‐Min , Kim Beom‐Tae , Hwang Ki‐Jun
Published: August 2004

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One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyridazino[1,4]oxazin‐3‐ones
Authors: Ma Chen , Cho Su‐Dong , Falck J. R. , Shin Dong‐Soo
Published: August 2004

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Esters of Cyanuric and Thiocyanuric Acids as Novel Carriers of Bor‐Containing Fragments.
Authors: Azev Yu. A. , Gabel' D. , Dyul'ks T. , Shorshnev S. V. , Klyuev N. A.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Arylamides of 4‐Aryl‐1,5‐benzo[b]diazepine‐2‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Zalesov V. V. , Kutkovaya N. V. , Kurdina L. N.
Published: August 2004

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Cobalt‐Catalyzed Mono‐Coupling of R3SiCH2MgCl with 1,2‐Dihalogenoethylene: A General Route to γ‐Substituted (E)‐Allylsilanes.
Authors: Kamachi Taku , Kuno Akiko , Matsuno Chikashi , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: August 2004

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Bis(O—Si)‐Chelate Difluorobis{[N‐(1‐phenylethyl)acetamido]methyl}silane: The First Stable Hexacoordinated Silicon Compound with Two C,O‐Chelating Ligands
Authors: Kramarova E. P. , Pogozhikh S. A. , Shipov A. G. , Negrebetsky Vad. V. , Nikolaeva T. P. , Bylikin S. Yu. , Ovchinnikov Yu. E. , Baukov Yu. I.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Study on the Heterogeneous Reaction of Trialkylsilyl Chlorides with Inorganic Salts and Monocarboxylates Catalyzed by PEG400.
Authors: Du Yun‐Fei , Cao Yu‐Qing , Dai Zhi , Chen Bao‐Hua
Published: August 2004

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Reactions of Phenylenedioxytrihalophosphoranes with Arylacetylenes. Part 5. Regiochemistry of the Reaction of 2,2,2‐Trichloro‐5‐chlorocarbonylbenzo[d]‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphole with Phenylacetylene. Synthesis and Three‐Dimensional Structures of 6‐Alkylaminocarbonyl‐2‐oxo‐4‐phenylbenzo[e]‐1,2‐oxaphosphorinine Derivatives.
Authors: Mironov V. F. , Shtyrlina A. A. , Gubaidullin A. T. , Bogdanov A. V. , Litvinov I. A. , Azancheev N. M. , Latypov Sh. K. , Musin R. Z. , Efremov Yu. Ya.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
FR171456, a Novel Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitor Produced by Sporormiella minima No. 15604. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Physico‐chemical Properties.
Authors: Hatori Hidetaka , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Elaboration of Functionalized Carbohydrate‐Derived Spiroketals.
Authors: van Hooft Peter A. V. , El Oualid Farid , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , van Boom Jacques H. , Leeuwenburgh Michiel A.
Published: August 2004

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Nucleophilic Addition to Acetylenes in Superbasic Catalytic Systems. Part 12. Vinylation of Lupinine.
Authors: Oparina L. A. , Tlegenov R. T. , Ermakova T. G. , Kuznetsova N. P. , Kanitskaya L. V. , Tantsyrev A. P. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: August 2004

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Vitamin D and Click Chemistry. Part 1. A Stereoselective Route to Vitamin D Analogues (VI) with Triazole Rings in Their Side Chains.
Authors: Suarez Pedro Lois , Gandara Zoila , Gomez Generosa , Fall Yagamare
Published: August 2004

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Vitamin D Side Chain Triazole Analogues via Cycloaddition ′Click′ Chemistry.
Authors: Suh Byung‐Chul , Jeon HeungBae , Posner Gary H. , Silverman Steven M.
Published: August 2004

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Studies on anti‐Helicobacter pylori Agents. Part 3. A Novel, Efficacious Cephem Derivative, FR193879.
Authors: Yoshida Yoshiki , Matsuda Keiji , Sasaki Hiroshi , Matsumoto Yoshimi , Matsumoto Satoru , Tawara Shuichi , Takasugi Hisashi
Published: August 2004

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An Efficient Enantioselective Total Synthesis of a Trifluoromethyl Analogue of Blastmycinolactol.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Padiya Kamlesh J. , Reddy M. Venkat Ram , Brown Herbert C.
Published: August 2004

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Silvestrol and Episilvestrol, Potential Anticancer Rocaglate Derivatives from Aglaia silvestris.
Authors: Kinghorn A. Douglas , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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Estrogen Receptor Ligands. Part 4. The SAR of the syn‐Dihydrobenzoxathiin SERAMs.
Authors: Kim Seongkon , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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Potent Nonpeptide Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists Based on Oxazino‐ and Thiazinobenzodiazepine Templates.
Authors: Matthews Jay M. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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2,4‐Bis(octadecanoylamino)benzenesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt as a Novel Scavenger Receptor Inhibitor with Low Molecular Weight.
Authors: Yoshiizumi Kazuya , Nakajima Fumio , Dobashi Rika , Nishimura Noriyasu , Ikeda Shoji
Published: August 2004

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Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten
Authors: Malito John
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium
Authors: Maher J. P.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkali and Alkaline‐Earth Metals
Authors: Gorrell I. B.
Published: August 2004

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Zeolites: A Primer
Authors: Payra Pramatha , Dutta Prabir K.
Published: August 2004

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Phosphapalladacycles: Preparation Routes
Authors: Dunina V. V. , Gorunova O. N.
Published: August 2004

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Syntheses of Side‐Chain Fluorinated Biologically Important Imidazoles and Indoles
Authors: Dolensky Bohumil , Nam Ghilsoo , Deng Wei‐Ping , Narayanan Jayan , Fan Junfa , Kirk Kenneth L.
Published: August 2004

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New Approaches to the Synthesis of Organofluorine Nitrogenated Derivatives
Authors: Fustero Santos , Sanz‐Cervera Juan F. , Piera Julio , Sanchez‐Rosello Maria , Chiva Gema , Simon‐Fuentes Antonio
Published: August 2004

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5‐Spirocyclopropane Isoxazolidines as Versatile Intermediates in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Cordero Franca M. , De Sarlo Francesco , Brandi Alberto
Published: August 2004

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New Routes to Oxindole Derivatives
Authors: Porcs‐Makkay Marta , Volk Balazs , Kapiller‐Dezsoefi Rita , Mezei Tibor , Simig Gyula
Published: August 2004

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Enantioselective Halogenation Reactions
Authors: Ibrahim Hasim , Togni Antonio
Published: August 2004

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Total Syntheses of Colchicine in Comparison: A Journey Through 50 Years of Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Graening Timm , Schmalz Hans‐Guenther
Published: August 2004

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The Bellus—Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Gonda Jozef
Published: August 2004

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Sorghum Phytochemicals and Their Potential Impact on Human Health.
Authors: Awika Joseph M. , Rooney Lloyd W.
Published: August 2004

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Construction of Pyrrolo[3,2‐c]quinolines — Recent Advances in the Synthesis of the Martinelline Alkaloids
Authors: Nyerges Miklos
Published: August 2004

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Donor—Acceptor Complexes of Low‐Coordinated Cationic π‐Bonded Phosphorus Systems
Authors: Schoeller Wolfgang W.
Published: August 2004

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Asymmetric Autocatalysis and Its Implications for the Origin of Homochirality
Authors: Blackmond Donna G.
Published: August 2004

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Toward Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Architectural and Functional Engineering of Chiral Molecular Catalysts
Authors: Noyori Ryoji , Kitamura Masato , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: August 2004

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Catalytic Activity of Metal Ions in Redox Processes in Polymer‐Salt Systems During Synthesis of Mixed Oxides
Authors: Ostroushko A. A.
Published: August 2004

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From Production of Peptides in Milligram Amounts for Research to Multi‐tons Quantities for Drugs of the Future
Authors: Bruckdorfer Thomas , Marder Oleg , Albericio Fernando
Published: August 2004

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Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands
Authors: Breining Scott R.
Published: August 2004

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Gene Diagnosis Using DNA‐Linked Nanoparticles
Authors: Takarada Tohru , Maeda Mizuo
Published: August 2004

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Photomechanical Effects in Azobenzene‐Containing Polymer Systems
Authors: Yu Yanlei , Nakano Makoto , Ikeda Tomiki
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of first primary tumors of the central nervous system and related organs among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1958–1995
Authors: Yonehara Shuji , Brenner Alina V. , Kishikawa Masao , Inskip Peter D. , Preston Dale L. , Ron Elaine , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Tokuoka Shoji
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Analysis conducted in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki found a significant dose‐related excess of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and the pituitary gland. The objective of the current study was to evaluate clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of first primary tumors of the CNS and the pituitary gland in this cohort and to compare them with characteristics among other populations.

METHODS

CNS and pituitary gland tumors that were diagnosed between 1958 and 1995 among 80,160 LSS cohort members were ascertained through Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries, autopsy reports, and other sources. Pathologists reviewed all available records and slides to verify histologic diagnoses. Poisson regression analysis was used to model background incidence rates allowing for radiation effects.

RESULTS

Meningioma was the most common tumor among clinically diagnosed tumors, followed by neuroepithelial tumor, schwannoma, and pituitary tumor. The overall incidence of these tumors increased initially with age but declined among the elderly. For all age groups and for both genders, incidence increased over time. By contrast, when tumors diagnosed at autopsy were included, incidence rose continuously with age and was stable over time.

CONCLUSIONS

The main characteristics of CNS and pituitary gland tumors diagnosed in the LSS cohort were consistent with the characteristics of “spontaneous” tumors observed in other population‐based studies. The predominance of meningiomas over neuroepithelial tumors in the Japanese population was noteworthy and warrants further investigation. The secular rise in incidence of all clinically diagnosed CNS and pituitary gland tumors is most likely to be attributable to the increased use of new imaging techniques. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
An iterative thresholding algorithm for linear inverse problems with a sparsity constraint
Authors: Daubechies I. , Defrise M. , De Mol C.
Published: August 2004

We consider linear inverse problems where the solution is assumed to have a sparse expansion on an arbitrary preassigned orthonormal basis. We prove that replacing the usual quadratic regularizing penalties by weighted 𝓁p‐penalties on the coefficients of such expansions, with 1 ≤p≤ 2, still regularizes the problem. Use of such 𝓁p‐penalized problems withp< 2 is often advocated when one expects the underlying ideal noiseless solution to have a sparse expansion with respect to the basis under consideration. To compute the corresponding regularized solutions, we analyze an iterative algorithm that amounts to a Landweber iteration with thresholding (or nonlinear shrinkage) applied at each iteration step. We prove that this algorithm converges in norm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sharp constants for Moser‐Trudinger inequalities on spheres in complex space ℂn
Authors: Cohn William S. , Lu Guozhen
Published: August 2004

The main results of this paper concern sharp constants for the Moser‐Trudinger inequalities on spheres in complex space ℂn. We derive Moser‐Trudinger inequalities for smooth functions and holomorphic functions with different sharp constants (see Theorem 1.1). The sharp Moser‐Trudinger inequalities under consideration involve the complex tangential gradients for the functions and thus we have shown here such inequalities in the CR setting. Though there is a close connection in spirit between inequalities proven here on complex spheres and those on the Heisenberg group for functions with compact support in any finite domain proven earlier by the same authors [17], derivation of the sharp constants for Moser‐Trudinger inequalities on complex spheres are more complicated and difficult to obtain than on the Heisenberg group. Variants of Moser‐Onofri‐type inequalities are also given on complex spheres as applications of our sharp inequalities (see Theorems 1.2 and 1.3). One of the key ingredients in deriving the main theorems is a sharp representation formula for functions on the complex spheres in terms of complex tangential gradients (see Theorem 1.4). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On Nonexistence of type II blowup for a supercritical nonlinear heat equation
Authors: Matano Hiroshi , Merle Frank
Published: August 2004

In this paper we study blowup of radially symmetric solutions of the nonlinear heat equation ut = Δu + |u|p−1u either on ℝN or on a finite ball under the Dirichlet boundary conditions. We assume that the exponent p is supercritical in the Sobolev sense, that is,

We prove that if ps < p < p*, then blowup is always of type I, where p* is a certain (explicitly given) positive number. More precisely, the rate of blowup in the L∞ norm is always the same as that for the corresponding ODE dv/dt = |v|p−1v. Because it is known that “type II” blowup (or, equivalently, “fast blowup”) can occur if p > p*, the above range of exponent p is optimal.

We will also derive various fundamental estimates for blowup that hold for any p > ps and regardless of type of blowup. Among other things we classify local profiles of type I and type II blowups in the rescaled coordinates. We then establish useful estimates for the so‐called incomplete blowup, which reveal that incomplete blowup solutions belong to nice function spaces even after the blowup time. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Properties of Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Coordination Polymers with a New Bridging Chelating Ligand
Authors: Yong Guo‐Ping , Wang Zhi‐Yong , Cui Yong
Published: August 2004

Two new coordination polymers [Cu3(cpida)2(H2O)4]n·4nH2O (1) and [Zn(Hcpida)]n·nH2O (2) have been synthesized with a new bridging chelating ligand N‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)iminodiacetic acid (H3cpida). X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 consists of 1D parallelogram‐shaped molecular‐box chains constructed from unusual linear trinuclear CuII secondary building units (SBUs), which further extend into 2D layers by perfect parallel AA stacking. Complex 2 adopts a 2D framework comprised of tetrahedral ZnII centres isolated from each other by the bridging bidentate carboxylate groups of the Hcpida2− ligands. Compound 2 possesses alternate open and closed channels along the a direction. The dehydation and rehydration experiments showed that compound 2 undergoes a reversible inclusion process to some extent. However, the removal of guest water molecules from 1 results in the collapse of the polymeric networks owing to the loss of the coordinated water molecules. Compound 2 also shows strong photoluminescence and may be a good candidate for a photoactive or porous material. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Double Catalytic Activation with Chiral Lewis Acid and Amine Catalysts
Authors: Kanemasa Shuji , Ito Kennosuke
Published: August 2004

An effective enantioselective synthetic method based on a new concept of double catalytic activation has been developed, in which both electrophile and nucleophile precursors are activated by use of catalytic amounts of chiral Lewis acid and amine base, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to enantioselective thiol conjugate additions, as well as to Michael reactions of malononitrile, nitromethane, and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of DBFOX/Ph − nickel(II) aqua complexes with amines. This new method should be a powerful tool, especially when single catalytic activation of either nucleophiles or electrophiles is not sufficient to induce bond formation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Multiculturalism and group status: The role of ethnic identification, group essentialism and protestant ethic
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel , Brug Peary
Published: August 2004

The present research, which was conducted among ethnic minority (N = 109) and majority (N = 649) adolescents in the Netherlands, examined the endorsement of multiculturalism in relation to ethnic ingroup identification, perceived group essentialism and protestant ethic ideology. The results revealed that ethnic minorities were more in favour of multiculturalism than Dutch participants. Furthermore, ethnic identification, group essentialism and protestant ethic were independently related to multiculturalism. However, these relations were all moderated by ethnic group status. High ethnic identification, essentialist beliefs about minority groups, and protestant ethic were related to lower endorsement of multiculturalism among the majority group. In contrast, high ethnic identification and essentialist beliefs about one's own ethnic minority group were related to stronger endorsement of multiculturalism among the minority groups, but not protestant ethic. Perceived essentialism of the majority group showed no effects. It is concluded that social psychology is able to make a valuable contribution to issues related to the management of cultural diversity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The simultaneous consideration of between‐participants and within‐participants analyses in research on predictors of behaviours: The issue of dependence
Authors: Trafimow David , Kiekel Preston A. , Clason Dennis
Published: August 2004

Although there is wide acceptance among personality and social psychologists of the importance of performing both between‐participants and within‐participants analyses to obtain a more complete picture of the phenomena under investigation, such analyses are rare (Mishela, 1990). Research on the predictors of behaviour, particularly concerning variables such as attitude, subjective norm, affect, cognition, and intention provides an exception, where the results from within‐participants analyses are sometimes compared to the results from between‐participants analyses. These comparisons raise the issue of whether the two types of analyses are independent of each other (and whether they can be validly compared), which is the topic of the present paper. Although we show that there is dependence, which suggests that it is a bad idea to compare both kinds of analyses, we also show that the degree of dependence approaches zero as the number of participants and items increase. Thus, with a sufficiently large design, the degree of dependence is unimportant, and therefore is no obstacle to the simultaneous consideration of both within‐participants and between‐participants analyses. How large is large enough? A set of computer simulations suggests that 15 participants and 15 items is sufficient, though we provide data from which researchers can designate their own criteria. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative, pure, and selfish trusting: Their distinctive effects on the reaction of trust recipients
Authors: Eilam Oren , Suleiman Ramzi
Published: August 2004

Three types of trusting have been distinguished conceptually and empirically. In cooperative trusting the trust giver explicitly expects a reaction from the trust recipient that fits with the equality norm. In pure trusting, no explicit expectation is expressed by the giver. In selfish trusting the giver explicitly expects a reaction that benefits himself or herself at the expense of the recipient. We asked whether the three types of trust elicit distinctive reactions from trust recipients. Each participant was paired with a fictitious player who ostensibly enabled him or her to divide money between them. As hypothesized, both cooperative and pure trusting elicited more equal allocations than did selfish trusting. A second hypothesis, that cooperative trust would yield more equal allocations than pure trust, was not supported. Results are discussed in terms of equality norm, self‐interest norm, reciprocity norm, reactance theory, social sanctioning, and the need to comply with others' expectations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of weight‐regulating practices on potassium level in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa
Authors: Imbierowicz Katrin , Curkovic Ivanka , Braks Karsten , Geiser Franziska , Liedtke Reinhard , Jacoby Georg Ernst
Published: August 2004

Objective

The authors evaluated retrospectively data from 397 patients with anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa(BN).

Method

Patients were divided into six pre‐defined and symptom‐related subgroups and their hypokalemia frequencies compared. The correlation between potassium level and disease‐related patterns was assessed.

Results

The two purging type AN groups were at greatest risk of hypokalemia. Vomiting frequency, body mass index (BMI) and laxative dosage had an effect on potassium levels within the overall group but only accounted for 19% of the variance of potassium level. Effects could not be proved for fasting, sport and disease duration.

Discussion

Patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa are very heterogeneous due to the considerable range of potential weight‐regulating measures. Taking this heterogeneity into consideration by dividing patients into diagnostic subgroups and considering their symptomatology thus considerably aids the estimation of hypokalemia risk when treating eating disorders. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The case for semi‐starvation
Authors: Vitousek Kelly M.
Published: August 2004

The eating disorder field has been slow to respond to the phenomenon of caloric restriction for longevity (CRL), currently a central focus of research in biogerontology. On the basis of compelling evidence that animals remain healthier and live longer on diets of ‘anorexic’ severity, some experts are recommending chronic self‐deprivation to the general public. This brief article introduces a series of papers on CRL, outlining the challenges and opportunities the movement presents to our speciality area. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Caloric restriction for longevity: I. Paradigm, protocols and physiological findings in animal research
Authors: Vitousek Kelly M. , Gray Jennifer A. , Grubbs Kathleen M.
Published: August 2004

The initial article in this series reviews basic findings in the field of caloric restriction for longevity (CRL). To eating disorder specialists, the data are disconcerting. The chronic dieting and subnormal weight we endeavour to prevent and treat in humans appear highly beneficial when imposed on animals. In the laboratory, organisms from nematodes to monkeys thrive when forced to undereat, as long as they receive sufficient micronutrients. The most remarkable results are obtained through the most extreme measures: mice, for example, do best if limited to a third of expected caloric intake, beginning soon after weaning and continuing throughout adulthood. Deprivation can be achieved through an ‘anorexic’ protocol of steady underconsumption or a ‘bulimic’ pattern in which periods of fasting alternate with bouts of binge eating. The benefits of such regimens include delayed senescence, postponement and/or attenuation of age‐related disease and dramatic increases in average and maximum lifespan. Although some biological functions are impaired (including growth, reproduction and perhaps resistance to certain stressors), the cost/benefit ratio clearly favours CRL when calculated on the basis of physical outcomes in late age. Advocacy of comparable regimens for people, however, is ill‐considered. Enthusiasm for CRL can be sustained only by detaching deprivation from the context of daily life, ignoring psychological effects, and dismissing data on human semi‐starvation and eating disorders. The experiences of participants in Biosphere 2 and individuals with anorexia nervosa suggest that the price of CRL is unacceptably high when a wider range of outcome variables is examined. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Establishing evaluative conclusions: A distinction between general and working logic
Authors: Fournier Deborah M.
Published: August 2004

To justify evaluative conclusions, evaluators follow both a general and a working logic.
Putting things together coherently: Logic and justice
Authors: House Ernest R.
Published: August 2004

Combining and weighting (synthesizing) different values, criteria, methods, measures, and interests depend heavily on content and context.
The logic of evaluation and evaluation practice
Authors: Scriven Michael
Published: August 2004

Logic of evaluation has significant implications for practical methodology.
An effective RBFN‐boundary integral approach for the analysis of natural convection flow
Authors: Mai‐Duy Nam , Tran‐Cong Thanh
Published: August 2004

This paper presents a new radial basis function network‐boundary integral approach for the analysis of natural convection flow. The use of integral equations (IEs) allows the set of simultaneous unknowns to be confined to the boundary only. In this study, all boundary values including geometries are represented by indirect radial basis function networks (IRBFNs), resulting in an effective boundary element method (BEM) especially for the achievement of high Rayleigh numbers with relatively coarse and uniform meshes. Convergence is obtained up to a Rayleigh number of 1.0e7 in the case of a square cavity using a uniform mesh of 31 × 31 and a Rayleigh number of 5.0e4 in the case of a horizontal concentric annulus using a uniform mesh of 11 × 21. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cre‐loxP mediated control of PrP to study transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases
Authors: Tuzi Nadia L. , Clarke Alan R. , Bradford Barry , Aitchison Lorraine , Thomson Val , Manson Jean C.
Published: August 2004

Expression of the PrP glycoprotein is essential for the development of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) or prion diseases. Although PrP is widely expressed in the mouse, the precise relevance of different PrP‐expressing cell types to disease remains unclear. To address this, we generated two lines of floxed PrP gene‐targeted transgenic mice using the Cre recombinase‐loxP system. These floxed mice allow a functional PrP allele to be either switched “on” or “off.” We demonstrate control of PrP expression for both alleles following Cre‐mediated recombination, as determined by PrP mRNA and protein expression in the brain. Moreover, we show that Cre‐mediated alteration of PrP expression in these mice has a major influence on the development of TSE disease. These floxed PrP mice will allow the involvement of PrP expression in specific cell types following TSE infection to be defined, which may identify potential sites for therapeutic intervention. genesis 40:1–6, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Programmed cell death inBradysia hygida(Diptera, Sciaridae) salivary glands presents apoptotic features
Authors: Simon Cláudio R. , de Almeida Jorge C.
Published: August 2004

In this work, we present biochemical and morphological evidence that the final steps of programmed cell death (PCD) in the salivary glands of the inferior Diptera,Bradysia hygida, present apoptotic characteristics. InB. hygida,elimination of salivary glands is preceded by the establishment of a typical pattern of protein synthesis; increase in caspase activity; decrease in cell volume; nuclear pyknosis; nuclear DNA breakage; changes in the actin cytoskeleton; and most importantly, destruction of giant cells via formation of apoptotic bodies containing broken DNA or cytoplasm remains. Thus, elimination ofB. hygidasalivary glands by this process suggests that such mode of PCD is also involved in the destruction of entire organs in insects and, therefore, adds more complexity to the regulation of tissue elimination during development. genesis 40:22–31, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Notch pathway is dispensable for adipocyte specification
Authors: Nichols Amy M. , Pan Yonghua , Herreman An , Hadland Brandon K. , De Strooper Bart , Kopan Raphael , Huppert Stacey S.
Published: August 2004

In the past decade we have witnessed an epidemic of obesity in developed countries. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in regulation of body weight is becoming an increasingly important goal shared by the public and the scientific community. The key to fat deposition is the adipocyte, a specialized cell that plays a critical role in energy balance and appetite regulation. Much of our knowledge of adipogenesis comes from studies using preadipocytic cell lines that have provided important information regarding molecular control of adipocyte differentiation. However, they fall short of revealing how naive cells acquire competence for adipogenesis. Studies in preadipocytes indicate that the Notch pathway plays a role in regulating adipogenesis (Garces et al.: J Biol Chem 272:29729–29734, 1997). Given the known biological functions of Notch in mediating cell fate decisions (Artavanis‐Tsakonas et al.: Science 284:770–776, 1999), we wished to test the hypothesis that the Notch pathway is required for this cellular program by examining adipogenesis in several genetic loss‐of‐function models that encompass the entire pathway. We conclude that the “canonical” Notch signaling pathway is dispensable for adipocyte specification and differentiation from either mesenchymal or epithelial progenitors. genesis 40:40–44, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of a conditional knockout allele for the Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) gene in mice
Authors: Krempler Andrea , Qi Yongyue , Triplett Aleata A. , Zhu Jianqiong , Rui Hallgeir , Wagner Kay‐Uwe
Published: August 2004

To study biologically relevant functions of the Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) in multiple cytokine and hormone receptor signal transduction pathways, we generated a conditional knockout (floxed) allele of this gene by placing loxP sites around the first coding exon of Jak2. Homozygous floxed animals developed normally and exhibited no phenotypic abnormalities. The conversion of the floxed allele into a null mutation was achieved by transmitting the targeted allele through the female germline of MMTV‐Cre (line A) mice. Embryos that carry two Jak2 null alleles died around midgestation and exhibited impaired definitive erythropoiesis, which is a hallmark of Jak2 deficiency reported previously in conventional knockouts. This observation suggested that the Cre‐mediated deletion of the first coding exon results in a true null mutation that is incapable of mediating signals through the erythropoietin receptor. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Jak2 null embryos and their wildtype littermate controls, we demonstrated that Jak2‐deficiency decouples growth hormone‐receptor signaling from its downstream mediators, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 5a and 5b. genesis 40:52–57, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.