bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing impacts of observations on ocean circulation models with examples from coastal, shelf, and marginal seas
Authors: Edwards Christopher A. , De Mey-Frémaux Pierre , Barceló-Llull Bàrbara , Charria Guillaume , Choi Byoung-Ju , Halliwell George R. , Hole Lars R. , Kerry Colette , Kourafalou Vassiliki H. , Kurapov Alexander L. , Moore Andrew M. , Mourre Baptiste , Oddo Paolo , Pascual Ananda , Roughan Moninya , Skandrani Chafih , Storto Andrea , Vervatis Vassilios , Wilkin John L.
Published: October 2024

Ocean observing systems in coastal, shelf and marginal seas collect diverse oceanographic information supporting a wide range of socioeconomic needs, but observations are necessarily sparse in space and/or time due to practical limitations. Ocean analysis and forecast systems capitalize on such observations, producing data-constrained, four-dimensional oceanographic fields. Here we review efforts to quantify the impact of ocean observations, observing platforms, and networks of platforms on model products of the physical ocean state in coastal regions. Quantitative assessment must consider a variety of issues including observation operators that sample models, error of representativeness, and correlated uncertainty in observations. Observing System Experiments, Observing System Simulation Experiments, representer functions and array modes, observation impacts, and algorithms based on artificial intelligence all offer methods to evaluate data-based model performance improvements according to metrics that characterize oceanographic features of local interest. Applications from globally distributed coastal ocean modeling systems document broad adoption of quantitative methods, generally meaningful reductions in model-data discrepancies from observation assimilation, and support for assimilation of complementary data sets, including subsurface in situ observation platforms, across diverse coastal environments.
Influence of polypropylene fiber length and geometric shape on the compressive strength of cemented lepidolite tailings backfill
Authors: Zuo Liping , Huang Nanhui , Wang Genwei , Zhu Daopei
Published: October 2024

Lepidolite ore contains abundant lithium resources; however, the extraction process generates a large number of tailings, which are environmentally hazardous solid waste. Currently, cemented fiber reinforcement and tailings filling technologies are commonly used methods for tailings treatment. The fiber length and geometric shape significantly affect the performance of fiber-reinforced cemented lepidolite tailing backfill (CLTB). However, there is limited research on the impact of these two factors on the performance of CLTB. Consequently, Polypropylene fiber-reinforced CLTB of four sizes and four fiber lengths were prepared and used for uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests. The max UCS of fiber-reinforced CLTB was 2.84 MPa, and the maximum increase percent was 83.7% compared with the non-fiber-reinforced CLTB. The experimental results show that when the fiber length was 12 mm the CLTB had the maximum UCS, longer fibers did not necessarily result in a higher UCS. The end effect was significant when the difference in cross-sectional area was small. The UCS of the L-40 sample was higher than that of the Y-50 sample under the same fiber length. The differences in the size effect and geometric shape were the main factors influencing their mechanical performance. When the fiber length was from 0 mm to 6 mm, the size effect was obvious, the UCS values gradually decreased with an increase in the volume ratio and cross-sectional area. However, the fiber length was the primary factor influencing the fitting curve of the UCS when the fiber length was from 12 mm to 19 mm. Additionally, the addition of fibers enhanced the integrity of CLTB. In other words, fiber-reinforced CLTB exhibited improving structural integrity. This study can provide theoretical references for the research and practical applications of fiber-reinforced fillers and size effects, as well as the treatment of lepidolite tailings, while also reflecting the CLTB performance under the action of different sizes and different fiber lengths, improving the filling efficiency, mining, and backfill safety.
Unveiling the causal effects of gut microbiome on trimethylamine N-oxide: evidence from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Yin Yuman , Deng Juan , Yang Xinyu , Bai Siyang , Yu Rong
Published: October 2024

Objective

The relationship between gut microbiome and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to assess the causal effects of different gut microbes on TMAO using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

Gut microbiome and TMAO datasets were acquired from genome-wide association studies and screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms according to the basic assumptions of MR. Inverse variance weighted was used as the main method in MR analysis to assess the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and TMAO. Finally, the MR-Egger intercept, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis were used to assess the horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and robustness of the results, respectively.

Results

MR analysis revealed that the species Bacteroides finegoldii (odds ratio [OR] 1.064, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.003 to 1.128, p = 0.039), family Sutterellaceae (OR 1.188, 95% CI 1.003 to 1.407, p = 0.047), and phylum Pseudomonadota (OR 1.205, 95% CI 1.036 to 1.401, p = 0.016), as well as the species Bacteroides uniformis (OR 1.263, 95% CI 1.039 to 1.535, p = 0.019), were positively associated with increased genetic susceptibility to TMAO. In contrast, the species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (OR 0.813, 95% CI 0.696 to 0.950, p = 0.009) and Bilophila wadsworthia (OR 0.828, 95% CI 0.690 to 0.995, p = 0.044) were associated with reduced genetic susceptibility to TMAO. Additionally, the MR-Egger intercept indicated no horizontal pleiotropy (p ≥ 0.05), and Cochran's Q test and sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results were not heterogeneous (p ≥ 0.05) and were robust.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed the role of the phylum Pseudomonadota, family Sutterellaceae, species Bacteroides finegoldii, and Bacteroides uniformis in increasing TMAO, as well as the species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bilophila wadsworthia in decreasing TMAO. This study provides new insights into the relationship between the gut microbiome and TMAO levels.
Neurovascular unit, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration markers in brain disorders
Authors: Kempuraj Duraisamy , Dourvetakis Kirk D. , Cohen Jessica , Valladares Daniel Seth , Joshi Rhitik Samir , Kothuru Sai Puneeth , Anderson Tristin , Chinnappan Baskaran , Cheema Amanpreet K. , Klimas Nancy G. , Theoharides Theoharis C.
Published: October 2024

Neurovascular unit (NVU) inflammation via activation of glial cells and neuronal damage plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. Though the exact mechanism of disease pathogenesis is not understood, certain biomarkers provide valuable insight into the disease pathogenesis, severity, progression and therapeutic efficacy. These markers can be used to assess pathophysiological status of brain cells including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, specialized microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, NVU, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Damage or derangements in tight junction (TJ), adherens junction (AdJ), and gap junction (GJ) components of the BBB lead to increased permeability and neuroinflammation in various brain disorders including neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, neuroinflammatory markers can be evaluated in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or brain tissues to determine neurological disease severity, progression, and therapeutic responsiveness. Chronic inflammation is common in age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and dementia. Neurotrauma/traumatic brain injury (TBI) also leads to acute and chronic neuroinflammatory responses. The expression of some markers may also be altered many years or even decades before the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we discuss markers of neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration associated with acute and chronic brain disorders, especially those associated with neurovascular pathologies. These biomarkers can be evaluated in CSF, or brain tissues. Neurofilament light (NfL), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119), aquaporin, endothelin-1, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) are some important neuroinflammatory markers. Recent BBB-on-a-chip modeling offers promising potential for providing an in-depth understanding of brain disorders and neurotherapeutics. Integration of these markers in clinical practice could potentially enhance early diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and improve therapeutic outcomes.
Worldwide research trends on bone metastases of lung cancer: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Rui Zhongying , Lu Dongyan , Wei Lijuan , Shen Jie
Published: October 2024

Background

Lung cancer has the highest fatality rate among all malignancies worldwide. Within this disease, bone metastasis (BM) emerges as a particularly deleterious site of metastatic dissemination, marked by a dismal prognosis. The objective of this investigation is to shed light on the current international research efforts and the development trajectory on lung cancer BM through a bibliometric analysis (performance and visualization analysis).

Method

Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection repository on lung cancer BM from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2022. Subsequently, the collected data underwent scrutiny using the VOSviewer software to reveal patterns of co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword analysis, while the CiteSpace software facilitated the generation of keyword cluster maps and performed burst analyses.

Results

The study included 327 papers of 2,154 authors, 587 organizations, and 41 countries, and explored the cooperation between them and the relationships between citations. Over the past decade, published papers showed a steady growth trend. China had the highest production with 189 papers, and USA had the highest collaboration with other countries, with 43 total link strength. Lung Cancer exhibited the highest frequency of co-cited journals, with a co-citation time of 412 and an IF/JCR partition of 6.081/Q1 in 2021. The most frequently co-cited article, authored by Tsuya A and published in Lung Cancer in 2007, amassed 70 co-citations. High-frequency keywords were categorized into four clusters: pathogenesis, treatment and clinical manifestations, prognosis, and diagnosis. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the strong citation burst strength of keywords such as “predictor,” “skeletal-related events,” “efficacy,” “migration,” “docetaxel,” and “impact.” Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of tumor.

Conclusion

This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive analysis of lung cancer BM in the recent 10 years. The field of early diagnosis, pathogenesis, and new treatments is entering a phase of rapid development and remains valuable for future research.
Real-world treatment patterns, biomarker testing, and clinical outcomes of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients in the immunotherapy era
Authors: Apter Lior , Sharman Moser Sarah , Arunachalam Ashwini , Gazit Sivan , Hoshen Moshe , Chodick Gabriel , Siegelmann-Danieli Nava
Published: October 2024

Background

Treatment for first-line (1L) metastatic non-small cell cancer (mNSCLC) changed with the introduction of immunotherapy. We describe treatment utilization and clinical outcomes in a real-world mNSCLC cohort in a 2.7-million-member state-mandated health provider.

Methods

Newly diagnosed mNSCLC patients initiating systemic anti-cancer treatment (January 2017–December 2020) were identified from the National Cancer Registry. Real-world time on treatment (rwToT) was defined as the length of time between the first and last administration date of treatment. Real-world overall survival (rwOS) was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Outcomes were assessed at a minimum of 6 months’ follow-up (cutoff: 30 June 2021).

Results

Among 843 patients, 85% had adenocarcinoma (NSQ) and 15% had squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) histology: of these, 43% and 26% were women, median age was 67 and 69 years, and 55% and 48% had 0–1 ECOG performance status, respectively (missing: 27% and 30%, respectively). Median follow-up for the entire cohort was 27.1 months (95% CI: 24.7–29.6). NSQ patients with no known EGFR/ALK/ROS1 aberrations received PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (PDM) (N = 147) or combination (PDC) (N = 194) or platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC, N = 133). Median rwToT was 4.5 (95% CI: 3.5–7.6), 5.2 (95% CI: 4.6–7.6), and 2.3 (95% CI: 2.1–3.0) months, respectively; for the subgroup of patients with ECOG PS 0–1, rwToT was 9.4 (95% CI: 5.0–20.8), 7.1 (95% CI: 5.0–10.1), and 2.9 (95% CI: 2.2–4.1) months, respectively. Median rwOS from 1L was 12.5 (95% CI: 9.9–17.9), 14.8 (95% CI: 10.5–19.4), and 9.1 (95% CI: 7.1–11.5) months; for the subgroup of patients with ECOG PS 0–1, median rwOS was 25.1 [95% CI: 14.9–not reached (NR)], 17.6 (95% CI: 14.3–NR), and 11.3 (95% CI: 9.2–21.3) months, respectively. For ECOG PS 0–1 and PD-L1 ≥50% patients, median rwOS was 25.1 months (95% CI: 13.9–NR) and NR for PDM and PDC, respectively. For ECOG PS 0–1 and PD-L1 <50% patients, median rwOS was 14.3 (95% CI: 10.1–NR) and 11.2 (95% CI: 9.1–21.3) months for PDC and PBC, respectively.

Conclusion

Our real-world data support the benefit of single-agent PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy for patients with PD-L1 high expression or PD-1 inhibitor combination for all patients diagnosed with mNSCLC with no known EGFR/ALK/ROS1 aberrations, initiating 1L treatment.
Impacts of completely endophytic renal masses on perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gu Han-xiao , Lv Jia , Liu Yi , Wang Hai-long
Published: October 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive pooled analysis aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) between completely endophytic tumors (CERT) and non-completely endophytic tumors (non-CERT).

Methods

This study adhered rigorously to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, focusing on studies published in English up to May 2024. Our analysis primarily evaluated key outcomes, specifically perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes.

Results

A total of 2126 patients across six studies were included in the analysis. Compared to non-CERT, CERT was associated with significantly higher rates of major complications (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.14 to 5.34; p = 0.02), longer warm ischemia times (Weighted Mean Difference [WMD]: 3.27 min; 95% CI: 0.61 to 5.39; p = 0.02), a greater decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (WMD: 2.93 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI: 0.75 to 5.11; p = 0.008), and relatively lower trifecta achievement rates (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.96; p = 0.03). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of operative time, length of stay, blood loss, transfusion rates, intraoperative complications, overall complications, positive surgical margins, and local recurrence.

Conclusions

Although CERT was associated with greater declines in eGFR and lower rates of trifecta achievement, it yielded perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes comparable to those of non-CERT in RAPN. Our findings suggest that RAPN for completely endophytic renal masses can achieve acceptable outcomes when performed in centers with substantial expertise in robotic surgery.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=555067, identifier CRD42024555067.
Recovery rate and predictors among children aged 6–59 months with severe acute malnutrition in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Getahun Genanew Kassie , Andabo Wondimu Ayele , Shewamare Abraham , Birhanu Molla Yigzaw
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a critical public health concern in Ethiopia, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates among children. Despite the improvement in hospital coverage and the development of standardized WHO treatment guidelines, recent reviews indicated a wide range in recovery rates (34%–88%) due to several context-specific factors. Understanding the factors influencing the recovery time can help inform targeted interventions and improve the overall management of SAM cases. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the time to recovery and predictors of children aged 6–59 months with severe acute malnutrition in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2023.

Methods

An institutional-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among children aged 6–59 months who were admitted to Tirunesh Beijing Hospital (TBH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July 2019 to June 2023. The Kaplan–Meir estimate and survival curve were used to compare the time to recovery using a log-rank test among different characteristics. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis model was used to identify significant predictors of time to recovery. Finally, a p-value of <0.05 was used to declare a significant association.

Results

The median survival time to recovery was 17 (95% CI: 16.39–17.60) days, and the incidence rate of recovery from SAM was 37.8 per 1,000 child days. Moreover, exclusive breastfeeding [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.97, 95% CI: 1.45–2.68], amoxicillin provision (aHR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.11–2.35), and deworming (aHR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.48–3.09) were protective factors. However, complications at admission (aHR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23–0.73) and diarrhea during admission (aHR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.91) were identified as risk factors of recovery from SAM.

Conclusion

The time to recovery among the current study participants was low compared with the sphere standard. Besides, exclusive breastfeeding, complications at admission, diarrhea, amoxicillin provision, and deworming were independent predictors. Therefore, appropriate provision of routine medication and early management of medical comorbidity as per the national SAM management protocol can reduce the mortality of children with severe acute malnutrition significantly.
Digital health technology to support patient-centered shared decision making at point of care for juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Huang Bin , Kouril Michal , Chen Chen , Daraiseh Nancy M. , Ferraro Kerry , Mannion Melissa L. , Brunner Hermine I. , Lovell Daniel J. , Morgan Esi M.
Published: October 2024

Despite availability of multiple FDA approved therapies, many children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) suffer pain and disability due to uncontrolled disease. The term JIA includes a heterogeneous set of conditions unified by chronic inflammatory arthritis, collectively affecting 1:1,000 children. When reviewing treatment options with families the rheumatologist currently refers to the experience of the average patient in relatively small controlled clinical trials, to consensus-based treatment plans, or increasingly the choice is dictated by the formulary restrictions of insurance payers. The current paradigm for treatment selection does not incorporate real-world evidence of treatment effectiveness centered to the individual patients with whom decisions are to be made. Treatment decisions based on the evidence of the average patient are not optimized to reflect the unique clinical characteristics of an individual with JIA and their disease course, nor does it account for heterogeneous treatment effects. To guide treatment choices centered around each patient, we describe a novel concept of utilizing digital health technology to bring patient-centered information into shared decision-making discussions based on comparative effectiveness analysis of electronic health record or observational clinical registry data of patients with similar characteristics. The envisioned digital tool will organize and present data relevant to the individual patient and enable evidence-based individualized treatment decision making when used in a collaborative manner with the patient family and rheumatologist. Capabilities in digital health technology, data capturing, and analytical methodologies are ripe for this endeavor. This brings the concept of a learning health system directly to the point of care.
Alisol A inhibits and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques by protecting vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Ma Yang , Song Dingzhong , Yuan Jie , Hao Wusi , Xi Jianqiang , Yuan Chunping , Cheng Zhihong
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

Dysfunction of endothelial cells represents a crucial aspect in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of alisol A on vascular endothelial cells and its possible mechanisms.

Methods

An atherosclerosis model was established by feeding ApoE-/- mice with high-fat chow. Alisol A (150 mg/kg/d) or atorvastatin (15 mg/kg/d) was administered, and the levels of blood lipids were evaluated. The effect of the drugs on atherosclerotic plaques was observed by staining the aorta with Sudan IV. In vitro experiments were conducted using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to assess the effects of alisol A on cell proliferation, migration, tubulation, secretion, and cellular integrity by CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, angiogenesis assay, NO secretion, and release of LDH. Transcriptomics and molecular docking were used to explore the mechanism of plaque inhibition and stabilization by alisol A.

Results

Alisol A significantly reduced the aortic plaque area in ApoE−/− mice fed with high-fat chow. In vitro, alisol A had a protective effect on HAECs, which was reflected in the inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation, promotion of NO secretion by vascular endothelial cells, inhibition of vascular endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, and the maintenance of cell membrane integrity. Therefore, alisol A inhibited and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques and slowed down the process of atherosclerosis. Transcriptomics studies showed 4,086 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in vascular endothelial cells after alisol A treatment. Enrichment analysis indicated that many genes involved in TNF signaling pathway were differentially expressed, and inflammatory genes were suppressed. The molecular docking results verified the hypothesis that alisol A has a low binding energy after docking with TNF target, and TNF could be a potential target of alisol A.

Conclusion

Alisol A produced protection on vascular endothelial cells, achieving inhibition and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.
Tensor networks for p-spin models
Authors: Lanthier Benjamin , Côté Jeremy , Kourtis Stefanos
Published: October 2024

We introduce a tensor network algorithm for the solution of p-spin models. We show that bond compression through rank-revealing decompositions performed during the tensor network contraction resolves logical redundancies in the system exactly and is thus lossless, yet leads to qualitative changes in runtime scaling in different regimes of the model. First, we find that bond compression emulates the so-called leaf-removal algorithm, solving the problem efficiently in the “easy” phase. Past a dynamical phase transition, we observe superpolynomial runtimes, reflecting the appearance of a core component. We then develop a graphical method to study the scaling of contraction for a minimal ensemble of core-only instances. We find subexponential scaling, improving on the exponential scaling that occurs without compression. Our results suggest that our tensor network algorithm subsumes the classical leaf removal algorithm and simplifies redundancies in the p-spin model through lossless compression, all without explicit knowledge of the problem’s structure.
Whole genome sequencing of Castanea mollissima and molecular mechanisms of sugar and starch synthesis
Authors: Li Rongchen , Huang Xiaolu , Yang Liping , Liao Jianming , Wei Xiaojuan , Li Junji , Zeng Guangyu , Liu Dan , Shi Zhuogong , Zhao Zhiheng
Published: October 2024

The chestnut tree exhibits self-incompatibility, where the selection of the male parent (pollen xenia) significantly affects seed starch metabolism, as well as fruit yield and quality. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying pollen xenia remains largely unknown. In this study, we utilized the ‘Lan You’ variety of C. mollissima to construct a high-quality reference genome. As a result, a first Telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free genome for this species was successfully assembled. A total of 560 transcription factors and 22 structural genes were identified as consistent across the TO-GCNs, indicating a consistent regulation pattern in the co-expression of genes involved in starch accumulation. These networks were further divided into three sub-networks: T1, T2, and T3. Among these, the T1 and T2 sub-networks exhibited a higher number of structural genes with consistent regulation patterns and were closely associated with sugar biosynthesis. The gene SBE (Camol08G0254600) was identified as the hub gene with the highest degree of connectivity, encoding a key rate-limiting enzyme in the amylopectin biosynthesis pathway. This study provides a foundation for further research on C. mollissima population genetics, genetic improvement, and strategies aimed at enhancing yield and quality.
Deep learning networks-based tomato disease and pest detection: a first review of research studies using real field datasets
Authors: Jelali Mohieddine
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in deep neural networks in terms of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have enabled researchers to significantly improve the accuracy and speed of object recognition systems and their application to plant disease and pest detection and diagnosis. This paper presents the first comprehensive review and analysis of deep learning approaches for disease and pest detection in tomato plants, using self-collected field-based and benchmarking datasets extracted from real agricultural scenarios. The review shows that only a few studies available in the literature used data from real agricultural fields such as the PlantDoc dataset. The paper also reveals overoptimistic results of the huge number of studies in the literature that used the PlantVillage dataset collected under (controlled) laboratory conditions. This finding is consistent with the characteristics of the dataset, which consists of leaf images with a uniform background. The uniformity of the background images facilitates object detection and classification, resulting in higher performance-metric values for the models. However, such models are not very useful in agricultural practice, and it remains desirable to establish large datasets of plant diseases under real conditions. With some of the self-generated datasets from real agricultural fields reviewed in this paper, high performance values above 90% can be achieved by applying different (improved) CNN architectures such as Faster R-CNN and YOLO.
The impact of job stress on job satisfaction and turnover intentions among bank employees during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lin Mei-Hui , Yen Ya-Hui , Chuang Tsai-Fu , Yang Ping-Sen , Chuang Ming-Da
Published: October 2024

Objective

The main objective of this study is to explore the relationships among job stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions among bank employees during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on variations across different demographic characteristics.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected from 501 bank employees using the Job Stress Questionnaire (JSQ), the Simplified Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and the Intention to Leave Scale (ILS). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses were used to test the research hypotheses.

Results

The findings show that job stress is significantly negatively correlated with job satisfaction and positively correlated with turnover intention. Interpersonal relationship stress emerged as the strongest predictor of turnover intention, while job autonomy stress significantly influenced job satisfaction. Demographic factors, including age, income, and education level, moderated these relationships, with younger, higher-income, and more educated employees reporting lower stress and higher satisfaction. Employees with dependents reported higher stress levels, lower job satisfaction, and greater turnover intentions compared to those without dependents.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of managing workplace stress and enhancing job satisfaction to reduce turnover intention, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions focused on improving interpersonal relationships and providing targeted support for older and lower-income employees are recommended to mitigate stress and improve retention rates.
The inhibitory impact of collaboration on the continued influence effect of misinformation
Authors: Chen Gongxiang , Zhong Yuxuan , Li Sujie
Published: October 2024

The continued influence effect (CIE) of misinformation refers to the persistence of misinformation’s impact on memory and inference even when individuals are aware of a retraction. This study examined whether collaborative processes affect the CIE and investigated the underlying mechanisms through three experiments. Experiment 1 explored the general impact of collaboration on the CIE. Experiment 2 further dissected collaboration into turn-taking and free collaboration conditions, assessing their effects on the CIE at various recall intervals. Building on these findings, Experiment 3 delved into the mechanisms driving the differential effects of turn-taking and free collaboration on misinformation correction. Results revealed that turn-taking collaboration consistently mitigates the CIE, while the effect of free collaboration on misinformation correction is moderated by recall time. This variation is attributed to differences in re-exposure, cross-cuing, and forgetting across collaboration types. The present study contributes empirical support to the Knowledge Revision Theory of the CIE.
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the adult population in a rural community of Jammu, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bailam Sandeepa , Sudershan Amrit , Sheetal  , Younis Mohd , Arora Manu , Kumar Hardeep , Kumar Parvinder , Kumar Dinesh
Published: October 2024

Background

Mental health is crucial for overall well-being, but rural areas often face difficulties in accessing mental health services and understanding psychiatric disorders.

Aim

This study aimed to address these issues by assessing the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among adults in rural Jammu and examining how socio-cultural and demographic factors are related to these disorders.

Methods

A sample of 1,016 adults from rural Jammu was surveyed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Data were collected through house-to-house visits conducted by trained investigators. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency distribution and odds ratio, were employed to analyze the data respectively.

Results

Overall, 20.67% of the participants had a psychiatric disorder. Alcohol dependence was the most common condition, affecting 12.30% of the individuals, followed by generalized anxiety disorder at 3.14%. The study found significant associations between psychiatric disorders and several factors. Specifically, older people were more likely to have psychiatric disorders, with an odds ratio of 3.7 [2.07-6.59]. Married individuals also had a higher likelihood of experiencing psychiatric disorders (OR: 2.3 [1.55-3.54]). Those with less schooling were at an increased risk, with an odds ratio of 7.77 [2.31-26.09], and people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to have these disorders as well (OR: 5.1 [2.4-10.5]).

Discussion and conclusion

The findings underscore the complex association between socio-demographic factors and mental health outcomes in rural areas of Jammu region. Addressing these disparities requires targeted interventions and policies that account for the unique socio-cultural contexts of rural populations. By understanding the specific challenges faced by these communities, policymakers and healthcare providers can develop more effective strategies to enhance mental health services and promote well-being.
Mental health disorder in chronic liver disease: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Long Jiang , Pei Xiong , Jiang Wei , Wang Xiaoling , Wu Dongbo , Tang Xiangdong , Zhou Taoyou
Published: October 2024

Background

The mental health of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) warrants greater attention and understanding, especially concerning its risk factors.

Method

Patients from our hospital’s hepatology clinic were consecutively enrolled and completed a questionnaire assessing anxiety, depression, and sleep quality using the GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PSQI scales, respectively. Reliability and validity were evaluated with Cronbach’s α and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explored non-linear associations. Subgroup analyses were stratified by sex, age, and education.

Result

A total of 1030 questionnaires were collected, and after quality control, 1003 were included. 56.2% (564/1003), 53.2% (534/1003), and 67.4% (676/1003) individuals had anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Differences in age, gender, and education level were observed (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed similar demographic trends. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis found age negatively correlated with anxiety (OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.97-0.99, P=0.02) and depression (OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.96-0.99, P<0.001), but positively correlated with sleep disorders (OR=1.03, 95%CI= 1.01-1.05, P< 0.001); males are less prone to anxiety (OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.52-0.88, P=0.004) and sleep disorders (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.55-0.94, P=0.02); university degree is more susceptible to depression (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.04-1.77, P=0.02) and anxiety (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.11-1.89, P=0.007). RCS analysis suggested a linear relationship between the age and affective disorders among different population.

Conclusion

Young individuals, female, and those with higher education are more vulnerable to mental health, warranting increased attention.
Antipsychotic prescribing practices and their association with rehospitalization in a forensic psychiatric sample
Authors: Goody Joseph , Petersen Karen , Brink Johann , Crocker Anne G. , Nicholls Tonia
Published: October 2024

While there is extensive literature examining the effectiveness of antipsychotic prescribing to patients with schizophrenia spectrum or other psychotic disorders in general psychiatric services, there is a dearth of studies examining antipsychotic prescribing practices and their effectiveness in forensic psychiatric services. Forensic psychiatric patients have unique challenges often due to their high-profile offences, public scrutiny, and legal requirements. This longitudinal, retrospective study aimed to examine antipsychotic prescribing and rehospitalization rates in a forensic psychiatric sample, along with relevant socio-demographic, clinical, and forensic characteristics. All patients had a psychotic illness and were prescribed antipsychotic medication. The sample included 153 patients, of which the majority were male (85.6%), Caucasian (71.2%), middle aged (30s to 50s), had schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (76.5%), had a substance use disorder (62.1%), and had a most serious index offence against the person (80.4%). Atypical antipsychotics accounted for the majority of antipsychotic prescriptions (75.9%) and the sample had an antipsychotic polypharmacy rate of 39.9%. The sample was divided into four primary antipsychotic formulation types, which were oral (34.0%), injection (39.2%), clozapine (19.0%), and subtherapeutic (7.8%). Regarding rehospitalization, 52.9% of the sample was rehospitalized, with the average number of rehospitalizations being 1.2 (SD = 1.7) and proportion of the follow up period rehospitalized being 16.4% (SD = 27.7%). Patients prescribed clozapine had numerically lower rates of rehospitalization than those prescribed oral and injection formulation types, but it was not statistically significant. With a 19.0% prescription rate, clozapine may be underutilized in this sample. Further research is needed to demonstrate the potential benefits of clozapine regarding rehospitalization in forensic psychiatric patients, as has already been done in general psychiatry. Advancing treatment of the high-profile forensic population can reduce stigma toward people with mental illness and criminal justice involvement.
The diabetes cardiovascular outcomes trials and racial and ethnic minority enrollment: impact, barriers, and potential solutions
Authors: Sinclair Matthew R. , Ardehali Mariam , Diamantidis Clarissa J. , Corsino Leonor
Published: October 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects millions of individuals worldwide and is a well-documented risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease and chronic kidney disease, both of which are leading causes of mortality. Racial and ethnic minority groups in the US, including but not limited to Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic Black, and Southeast Asian individuals, are disproportionately burdened by both T2D and its adverse outcomes. In recent years, there have been numerous cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) on novel antidiabetic therapies, including the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. CVOTs’s initial aim was to demonstrate the cardiovascular safety of these drugs. Unexpected CV and kidney protective effects were found, specifically among the GLP-1 RAs and the SGLT2 inhibitors. These benefits informed the new paradigm of the management of patients with T2D. However, some experts argued that the lack of racial and ethnic minority group representation in these trials represented a challenge. While the downstream effects of this lack of representation must be further elucidated, it is clear and recognized that efforts need to be made to include a more representative sample in future CVOTs, specifically including individuals from those groups most burdened by T2D and its complications, if clinicians are to have an accurate picture of the benefits and potential pitfalls of utilizing these drugs in a real-world setting. In this comprehensive review, we briefly summarize the significant findings from the CVOTs, report the lack of representation of Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic Black, and Southeast Asian individuals in the CVOTs, investigate the barriers to recruiting racial and ethnic minority groups into clinical trials, and suggest potential solutions to overcome these obstacles at the patient-, provider-, and sponsor/system-level in future trials.
A significant and persistent rise in the global burden of adolescent NAFLD and NASH estimated by BMI
Authors: Lin Xiao-Yun , Li Jing-Mao , Huang Ling-Yi , Lin Li-Yan , Hong Mei-Zhu , Weng Shangeng , Pan Jin-Shui
Published: October 2024

Background

Currently, there is a lack of global or even country/regional level data on adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence. However, an evidenced dose-dependent relationship exists between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of NAFLD. We aim to estimate the global and regional prevalence of adolescent NAFLD and related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) based on BMI.

Methods

Sigmoidal fitting curves were generated between BMI and the risk of NAFLD/NASH using the data extracted from the NHANES database. With global and regional BMI data from the NCD-RisC database, adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence was estimated at the international, regional, and country levels from 1975 to 2016. The prevalence of adolescent NAFLD/NASH from 2017 to 2030 was also forecasted.

Results

The mean NAFLD prevalence was 15.31, and 12.68%, while the mean NASH prevalence was 2.50, and 2.47%, in boys, and girls aged 12–18, respectively. For both boys and girls, NAFLD/NASH prevalence increased with increasing BMI, and age. The global prevalence of adolescent NAFLD/NASH has gradually increased in the period from 1975 to 2016 and will maintain a similar trend between 2017 and 2030. High-income Western Countries had higher adolescent NAFLD/NASH whereas South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited relatively lower adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of NAFLD prevalence in boys ranged from 0.72% (age 18) to 1.16% (age 12) while that in girls ranged from 0.69% (age 18) to 0.92% (age 12). EAPC of NASH prevalence in boys ranged from 1.65% (age 18) to 1.77% (age 12), and in girls from 1.48% (age 18) to 1.68% (age 12).

Conclusion

The adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence increases year by year, and its burden varies significantly among different countries and regions. BMI is a precise predictor of NAFLD/NASH prevalence.
A social norms campaign based positive intervention aimed at promoting protective behaviours
Authors: Cuadrado Esther , Arenas Alicia , Tabernero Carmen , Maldonado Miguel A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Social norms campaigns are communication strategies designed to influence people’s behaviour by highlighting the social norms of their reference group. Such campaigns have been shown to be effective in promoting healthy behaviours in a variety of settings. This study explored the effectiveness of a social norms campaign applied to COVID-19 protective behaviours among university students during the pandemic.

Methods

A total of 141 university students (83.1% female, 16.9% male) with a mean age of 21.55 years (SD = 4.33) initially took part in an experimental pre-test-post-test longitudinal panel study between January and July 2022, with participants randomly assigned to a control group (46 participants) or an experimental group (95 participants). Considering the experimental attrition, only 83 participants completed the last questionnaire (81.9% female, 18.1% male; mean age = 22.12 years, SD = 5.29), of whom 32 belonged to the control group and 51 to the experimental group.

Results

The Student’s t-test show that participants in the experimental group, who were exposed to the campaign, reported higher levels of self-efficacy, protective behavioural intention, and protective behaviours than the control group.

Discussion

It is concluded that social norms campaigns applied to COVID-19 protective behaviours are effective in times of pandemic and might be extrapolated to other epidemic contexts.
The influence of physical exercise on adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors: mediating effects of parent–child relationships, self-esteem, and self-control
Authors: Cui Long , Xing Yumei , Gu Jixing , Zhou Hao , Zhang Lin , Bu Yifeng
Published: October 2024

Background

Externalizing problem behaviors can significantly and negatively impact adolescents’ learning, daily life, and future socialization. While physical exercise is believed to inhibit adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors, the extent of its effect and the mediating mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods

This study is based on data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The CFPS project employed the Externalizing Problem Behaviors Scale (EPBS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Self-Control Scale (SCS) to measure adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors, self-esteem, and self-control. Additionally, physical exercise was measured by collecting data on the time and frequency of adolescents’ physical exercise. Parent-child relationships were evaluated using a composite variable that included four dimensions: frequency of quarrels, frequency of heart-to-heart talks, parental awareness of their children’s whereabouts, and children’s trust in their parents. Based on data collection and variable construction, this study employed multiple linear regression, propensity score matching, and quantile regression to analyze the impact of physical exercise on adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors and the heterogeneity of these effects. Additionally, the Bootstrap mediation effect test was employed to explore the mediating roles of parent-child relationships, self-esteem, and self-control in this process.

Results

The analysis demonstrates that physical exercise significantly inhibits adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors (β = −0.095, p < 0.01), although the effect varies significantly among different populations. Compared to males (β = −0.077, p < 0.1), rural residents (β = −0.065, p > 0.1), individuals with poorer family economic status (β = −0.080, p < 0.1), and those with more severe problem behaviors (τ = 0.75, β = −0.086, p < 0.05), physical exercise yields a more pronounced inhibitory effect on females (β = −0.113, p < 0.01), urban residents (β = −0.134, p < 0.01), individuals with better family economic status (β = −0.115, p < 0.01), and those with milder problem behaviors (τ = 0.25, β = −0.112, p < 0.01). Furthermore, through enhancements in parent-child relationships (CI: -0.015; -0.002), self-esteem (CI: -0.019; -0.003), and self-control (CI: -0.055; -0.025), physical exercise indirectly mitigates adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors.

Conclusion

Physical exercise significantly reduces adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors, with effects differing across various groups. Parent-child relationships, self-esteem, and self-control mediate this relationship, underscoring the positive influence of exercise on adolescent behavior.
Effectiveness of heat stress interventions among outdoor workers: a protocol paper
Authors: Sankar Sajeeth Kumar , P Vijayalakshmi , S Krishnan , Shanmugam Rekha , Kamalakkanan Latha Perumal , Venugopal Vidhya
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Heavy work in scorching temperatures can cause dehydration and heat stress, which can lead to a number of heat-related diseases. Heavy work in intense heat without rest or hydration is the main cause. The “Water, Rest, Shade” (WRS) intervention program for outdoor workers in hot weather reduces heat stress.

Methods

This study follows a quasi-experimental design involving 250 outdoor workers from both agriculture and brick kilns. To assess the environmental heat exposure levels, Quest Temp 3 M WBGT Monitor will be used. Tympanic temperature, Heart rate (HR), Sweat rate (SwR), and Urine specific gravity (USG) to assess the physiological responses to heat exposure using standard protocols. Blood samples will be collected to measure serum creatinine and calculate Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urine samples to measure pH, leucocytes, proteinuria, and hematuria. Then administer a validated and modified HOTHAPS questionnaire to capture the perception data. After the baseline assessments, Categorize the workers into two groups based on the selection criteria and the participants’ willingness. Then provide a week-long WRS intervention to the intervention group (IG). The non-intervention group will collect the same data without any intervention to assess the efficacy of the intervention by comparing both groups and measuring outcome indicators.

Expected outcome

The study will generate much-needed information to raise awareness of the importance of heat stress prevention for outdoor workers.

Conclusion

This study will demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention, provide much-needed strategies for reducing heat stress, assess both health impacts and implementation quality, and design comprehensive workplace and labor laws aim to minimise risks to millions of unorganised outdoor workers health.