bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architecture in the Scandinavian Countries
Authors: Donnelly Marian C.
Published: March 2021

The most complete survey of Nordic architecture available today.

From Viking structures to Renaissance housing projects, Medieval stave churches to modern crematoriums, Architecture in the Scandinavian Countries presents the most complete survey of Nordic architecture available today. Its more than 400 illustrations provide a visual introduction to nearly 10,000 years of building in the region, with examples of ecclesiastical, domestic, and civic buildings showing how Scandinavian architects used their own resources and traditions, as well as adapting the styles of medieval, Renaissance, baroque, and modern Europe to generate ideas that were to have major international consequences.

More than three decades after Thomas Paulsson published his pioneering book Scandinavian Architecture, the first serious attempt to present a unified history of Nordic building, Marian Donnelly has written an even more comprehensive work. Donnelly's account begins with the earliest known remains of dwellings dating to around 7500 B.C. and closes with the commercial buildings of the 1970s. In between, she covers every important figure, movement, and style in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, and the Faroes. Included are both canonical and unknown structures, obscure and celebrated architects. There is an extensive bibliography and a guide to biographical references for the architects.
Frank Lloyd Wright versus America
Authors: Johnson Donald Leslie
Published: March 2021

For his critics and biographers, the 1930s have always been the most challenging period of Frank Lloyd Wright's career. This fresh account by Donald Johnson, the first to make use of the architect's long-inaccessible archives at Taliesin West, is also the first to provide a balanced evaluation of Wright in the 1930s. It separates Wright's design activities from his self-promotion and places his philosophy of individualism within the context of the times.
Partial Information Disclosure in a Contest
Authors: Clark Derek , Kundu Tapas
Published: March 2021

Zhang and Zhou (2016) use the concept of Bayesian persuasion due to Kamenica and Gentzkow (2011) to analyze information disclosure in a contest with one-sided asymmetric information. They show that an effort-maximizing designer can manipulate information disclosure to increase expected efforts in the contest, but base their analysis upon active participation in the contest by all types of the informed player. We extend their analysis to equilibria in which some informed types exert no effort in the contest, showing how this changes the type of information disclosure that arises.
Protection of the patient data against intentional attacks using a hybrid robust watermarking code
Authors: Nagm Ahmad , Safy Elwan Mohammed
Published: March 2021

The security of patient information is important during the transfer of medical data. A hybrid spatial domain watermarking algorithm that includes encryption, integrity protection, and steganography is proposed to strengthen the information originality based on the authentication. The proposed algorithm checks whether the patient’s information has been deliberately changed or not. The created code is distributed at every pixel of the medical image and not only in the regions of non-interest pixels, while the image details are still preserved. To enhance the security of the watermarking code, SHA-1 is used to get the initial key for the Symmetric Encryption Algorithm. The target of this approach is to preserve the content of the image and the watermark simultaneously, this is achieved by synthesizing an encrypted watermark from one of the components of the original image and not by embedding a watermark in the image. To evaluate the proposed code the Least Significant Bit (LSB), Bit2SB, and Bit3SB were used. The evaluation of the proposed code showed that the LSB is of better quality but overall the Bit2SB is better in its ability against the active attacks up to a size of 2*2 pixels, and it preserves the high image quality.
Characteristic changes in malt, wort, and beer produced from different Nigerian rice varieties as influenced by varying malting conditions
Authors: Ofoedu Chigozie E. , Akosim Chibugo Q. , Iwouno Jude O. , Obi Chioma D. , Shorstkii Ivan , Okpala Charles Odilichukwu R.
Published: March 2021

Gluten-free beer could be produced with rice, although the latter would primarily serve as adjunct in combination with barley malt in today’s brewing. However, the recent growing realisation of the potential and applications of rice malt for brewing an all-rice malt beer through varying malting conditions cannot be overlooked. In this study, therefore, the characteristic changes in malt, wort, and beer from different Nigerian rice varieties (FARO 44, FARO 57, NERICA 7) as influenced by varying malting conditions (steeping duration (18, 24 and 30 h), germination periods (2, 3 and 4 days) and kilning temperatures (50 and 55 °C)), were investigated. Rice (grain) samples were examined by thousand kernel weight (TKW), germinative energy (GE), germinative capacity (GC), and degree of steeping (DoS). To ensure that rice wort/beer with unique beer style and enhanced attributes, comparable to barley wort/beer is produced, malting conditions that produced rice malts with peak diastatic power (DP), cold water extract (CWE), and hot water extract (HWE) were selected. Peak DP, CWE and HWE were obtained at FARO 44 (18 h steeping, 3 days germination, 55 °C kilning (S18G3K55°)), FARO 57 (30 h steeping, 2 days germination, 50 °C kilning (S30G2K50°)) and NERICA 7 (24 h steeping, 3 days germination, 55 °C kilning (S24G3K55°)). Selected malts were further tested for moisture content, total nitrogen, malt yield and malting loss and subsequently progressed to wort and beer production. Wort’s pH, total soluble nitrogen (TSN), brix, kolbach index (KI), free amino nitrogen (FAN), dextrose equivalent (DE), original extract (OE) and sugar profile were determined, as well as beer’s pH, colour, apparent extract (AE), alcohol by volume (%ABV), turbidity and sensory attributes. Rice grain varied significantly (p < 0.05) in TKW, GE, GC and DoS across varieties. Despite wort’s pH, TSN, DE, OE as well as beer pH, colour, AE and turbidity resembling (p > 0.05) across varieties, wort’s brix, KI, FAN, sugar profile as well as beer’s %ABV, differed significantly (p < 0.05). Sensory attributes of appearance, colour, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability in beer differed noticeably (p < 0.05), except for aroma and taste (p > 0.05). Overall, the rice beer, though very slightly hazy, represented a pale yellow light lager, which is indicative of its peculiar beer style. Besides increased DP and enhanced hydrolysis, varying malting conditions of current study could serve as a pathway of reducing the cost of exogenous (commercial) enzymes or barley malt imports, together with decreasing barley’s dependency for brewing in the tropics.
Median nerve travel and deformation in the transverse carpal tunnel increases with chuck grip force and deviated wrist position
Authors: Turcotte Kaylyn E. , Kociolek Aaron M.
Published: March 2021

Background

We assessed median nerve travel and deformation concurrently to better understand the influence of occupational risk factors on carpal tunnel dynamics, including forceful chuck gripping and deviated wrist positions.

Methods

Fourteen healthy right-hand dominant participants performed a chuck grip in 6 experimental conditions: two relative force levels (10% and 40% of maximum voluntary effort); three wrist positions (15° radial deviation, 0° neutral, 30° ulnar deviation). Chuck grip forces were measured with a load cell while the transverse cross-section of the carpal tunnel was imaged via ultrasound at the distal wrist crease. Images of the median nerve were analyzed in ImageJ to assess cross-sectional area, circularity, width, and height as well as travel in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes.

Results

We found a main effect of deviated wrist position on both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral travel, with the greatest nerve travel occurring in 30° ulnar deviation. There was also a significant interaction between chuck grip force and deviated wrist position on cross-sectional area. Specifically, the area decreased with 40% vs. 10% chuck grip force when the wrist was in 30° ulnar deviation; however, there were no changes in 0° neutral and 15° radial deviation.

Discussion

Overall, we demonstrated that forceful chuck gripping in deviated wrist positions influenced carpal tunnel dynamics, resulting in both migratory and morphological changes to the median nerve. These changes may, in turn, increase local strain and stress with adjacent structures in the carpal tunnel. Future studies mapping contact stress between structures may further elucidate injury development of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome.
Combining transcriptome analysis and GWAS for identification and validation of marker genes in thePhysalis peruviana-Fusarium oxysporumpathosystem
Authors: Garzón-Martínez Gina A. , García-Arias Francy L. , Enciso-Rodríguez Felix E. , Soto-Suárez Mauricio , González Carolina , Bombarely Aureliano , Barrero Luz Stella , Osorio Guarín Jaime A.
Published: March 2021

Vascular wilt, caused by the pathogenFusarium oxysporumf. sp.physali(Foph), is a major disease of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruvianaL.) in Andean countries. Despite the economic losses caused by this disease, there are few studies related to molecular mechanisms in theP. peruviana—Fophpathosystem as a useful tool for crop improvement. This study evaluates eight candidate genes associated with this pathosystem, using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The genes were identified and selected from 1,653 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) derived from RNA-Seq analysis and from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of this plant-pathogen interaction. Based on the RT-qPCR analysis, the tubuline (TUB) reference gene was selected for its highly stable expression in cape gooseberry. The RT-qPCR validation of the candidate genes revealed the biological variation in their expression according to their known biological function. Three genes related to the first line of resistance/defense responses were highly expressed earlier during infection in a susceptible genotype, while three others were overexpressed later, mostly in the tolerant genotype. These genes are mainly involved in signaling pathways after pathogen recognition, mediated by hormones such as ethylene and salicylic acid. This study provided the first insight to uncover the molecular mechanism from theP. peruviana—Fophpathosystem. The genes validated here have important implications in the disease progress and allow a better understanding of the defense response in cape gooseberry at the molecular level. Derived molecular markers from these genes could facilitate the identification of tolerant/susceptible genotypes for use in breeding schemes.
Water Treatment for Hemodialysis in Benghazi Medical Center (BMC)
Authors: Alfarisi Asmaa A. , Gawili Hadir , AlFerjany Areej O. , AlTalhi Soha B. , Gandrah Aisha A. , Bushaala Nora M.
Published: March 2021

Background: A single 4-hour dialysis treatment can require up to 400 liters of water per week for dialysis patients compare that with healthy person who drinks less than 15 liters of water per week. Therefore, it is clearly important to know and monitor the chemical and microbiological purity of the dialysis water.

Aims: Determine the physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics of water used by hemodialysis services Isolate and identify fungi present in water systems of hemodialysis units in Benghazi Medical center (BMC) in Benghazi, Libya.

Methods: Analysis study carried out in hemodialysis unit in BMC collected samples from each places (A & B) sections.

Results: Six samples that target to chemical analysis and 32 samples for microbiological test, Chemical parameters of study area A and B for drinking and dialysis water were within international standards, but there was a minute of Calcium elevation in area B that was 3.3mg/l. No contamination with bacteria observed in all samples in section (A), the counts of yeasts and filamentous fungi investigated in the tap water, in the treated water, and dialysis machine in section B and Penicillium spp was the most frequent fungi.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the tap and dialysis water success to meet the all-chemical and microbiological requirements in (A) area inside hospital of Benghazi center. In generally to prevent the risk of contaminants for hemodialysis patients need to a high water quality management program and development of water treatment system in hemodialysis centers.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ziehl-Neelsen Smear Microscopy in Comparison with GeneXpert in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multi-Center Study in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Ahmad Mujeeb , Stanikzai Muhammad Haroon , Rahimy Najeeb , Wasiq Abdul Wahed , Sayam Hadia
Published: March 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. The early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for disease management and to control disease transmission and the emergence of drug resistance TB.

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy in comparison with GeneXpert MTB/RIF in pulmonary tuberculosis in Kandahar province, Afghanistan.

Methods: This was a facility-based cross-sectional study. We scrutinized TB registers of three health facilities to include patients who had their sputum tested by both ZN smear microscopy and GeneXpert MTB/RIF. We extracted 734 patients’ data registered during January 2019 - June 2020 in a structured form. Kappa value was analyzed using SPSS version 19 software at 95% Confidence Interval (CI). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of ZN smear microscopy against GeneXpert MTB/RIF.

Results: In comparison with GeneXpert as a reference test, ZN smear microscopy has 67.7% (95% CI:63.44%-70.74%) sensitivity and 100% (95% CI:98.74%-100.00%) specificity. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% and 99.89% (95% CI:99.88%-99.90%), respectively. The agreement between ZN smear microscopy and GeneXpert MTB/RIF results was moderate (70.4%) and the Kappa value was 0.45 (95% CI:0.38-0.59).

Conclusion: This study has found high specificity but moderate sensitivity for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB using sputum ZN smear microscopy test. Hence, GeneXpert MTB/RIF test is more accurate and reliable for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB.
A New Extended Generalized Inverse Exponential Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Sule Bashiru Omeiza
Published: March 2021

The quest by researchers in the area of distribution theory in proposing new models with greater flexibility has filled literature. On this note, we proposed a new distribution called the new extended generalized inverse exponential distribution with five positive parameters, which extends and generalizes the extended generalized inverse exponential distribution. We derive some mathematical properties of the proposed model including explicit expressions for the quantile function, moments, generating function, survival, hazard rate, reversed hazard rate, cumulative hazard rate function and odds functions. The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the parameters of the distribution. We illustrate its potentiality with applications to three real life data sets which show that the new extended generalized inverse exponential model provides greater flexibility and better fit than other competing models considered.
Effect of Clonal Variation on Oil Content and Oil Properties of Calophyllum inophyllum L: A Multi Purpose Tree
Authors: Anandalakshmi R. , Sivakumar V. , Vijayaraghavan A. , Kumar K. Suresh , Rajesh C. , Geetha S.
Published: March 2021

Calophyllum inophyllum is a potential source of non-edible seed oil. Calophyllum oil is used as a biofuel and also for medicinal purposes. At the Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore carried out a study in 2019, on five different clones of C. inophyllum  to investigate the effect of clonal variabilty on oil yield and oil physico-chemical properties for use as a biofuel. Oil yield significantly varied among the five clones and ranged from 48.6% to 55.8%. Among the physical properties, except Kinematic Viscosity, Specific Gravity and Refractive Index, the properties such as Flash point, Fire point, Pour point and Cloud point did not vary significantly. However, all the chemical properties studied, such as Acid value, Saponification value, Iodine value and Peroxide value showed apparent variation. From the study it could be derived that clone 15 is more suitable as tree crop for biofuel purpose and the variations among the clones indicate prevalence of scope for tree improvement of C. inophyllum for specific use.
A Review of Flow-Capacitated Networks: Algorithms, Techniques and Applications
Authors: Alsalami Omar Mutab , Rushdi Ali Muhammad Ali
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a review of flow network concepts, including definition of some graph-theoretic basics and a discussion of network flow properties. It also provides an overview of some crucial algorithms used to solve the maximum-flow problem such as the Ford and Fulkerson algorithm (FFA), supplemented with alternative solutions, together with the essential terminology for this algorithm. Moreover, this paper explains the max-flow min-cut theorem in detail, analyzes the concepts behind it, and provides some examples and their solutions to demonstrate this theorem. As a bonus, it expounds the reduction and transformation techniques used in a capacitated network. In addition, this paper reviews one of the popular techniques for analyzing capacitated networks, which is the “decomposition technique”. This technique is centered on conditioning a complicated network on the possible states of a keystone element  or on the possible combinations of states of many keystone elements. Some applications of capacitated network problems are addressed based on each type of problem being discussed.
Growth and Yield Comparison of French Bean as Influenced by Three Varieties and Nutrients
Authors: Akter Mousumi , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Samad Md. Abdus , Haq Md. Ehsanul , Badrunnesa Akhi , Rima Sharmin Sultana , Shamim Abdullah Salfe Al
Published: March 2021

The experiment was conducted in the Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh with aim to find out the suitable variety, optimum nutrients and suitable combination variety and optimum nutrients for maximum growth, yield of French bean in Bangladesh. The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: different varieties as V1 = BARI French bean-1, V2= BARI French bean-2, V3= BARI French bean-3 and Factor B: different level of nutrients as N1= cowdung (5 t/ha) + vermicompost (2 t/ha), N2= cowdung (5 t/ha) + N90 P30 K45 kg/ha, N3= cowdung (5 t/ha) + vermicompost (2 t/ha) + N90 P30 K45 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. In case of different varieties of French bean the maximum number of flowers (27.83), the highest number of pod harvested per plant (22.14) and the highest pod yield (15.95 t/ha) were found from V2, whereas the lowest was from V3. For the different levels of nutrients1 the highest number of flowers (25.58), the highest number of pod per plant (20.60) and the highest pod yield (14.10 t/ha) were recorded from N2 treatment, while the lowest was from N1 treatment. Due to the combined effect, the maximum number of flowers (32.02), the maximum number of pod harvested per plant (26.50), the highest pod yield (18.92 t/ha) were observed from V2N2 treatment combination, while the lowest were from V3N1 treatment combination. Therefore, the V2N2 treatment combination appeared to be the best for achieving the higher growth and yield of French bean.
Character Association and Path-Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in 112 Genotypes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Singh S. K. , Singh Pratibha , Korada Mounika , Khaire Amrutlal Ratilal , Singh D. K. , Habde Sonali Vijay , Majhi Prasanta Kumar , Naik Rudresha
Published: March 2021

Character association and path coefficients for sixteen different yield and yield-contributing traits were evaluated for 112 rice genotypes at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during Kharif-2019. The experiment was conducted in alpha lattice design and observations were recorded in five randomly selected plants for sixteen traits. The data were analyzed in WINDOSTAT 9.3 ver. for correlation and path analysis. The correlation analysis showed very strong correlation of grain yield per plot with biomass yield per plot. Days to first flowering showed very strong correlation with days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. Days to 50% flowering showed very strong correlation with days to maturity. Spikelets per panicle showed very strong correlation with grains per panicle and grain weight per panicle. Number of grains per panicle showed very strong correlation with grain weight per panicle. Path-coefficient analysis showed that biomass yield per plot, grain yield per plant, grain weight per panicle, grains per panicle, spikelets per panicle, harvest index, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and panicle length had a high and positive direct effect on grain yield per plot. Correlation and path coefficient analysis envisaged characteristics such as biomass yield per plot, grain weight per panicle, grains per panicle, spikelets per panicle, first flowering, 50 percent flowering and days to maturity showed positive direct effect and very strong correlation with grain yield per plot, indicating the effectiveness of these traits in selection. Path analysis revealed that traits like biomass yield per plot, harvest index, grain yield per panicle exerted highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plot. Thus, these characters which contribute to the grain yield could be exploited for future breeding programmes.
Studies on Potential of Different Dates of Sowing and Varieties on Productivity of Aerobic Rice in Assam
Authors: Borah Bidisha , Pathak Kalyan
Published: March 2021

An investigation was carried out to determine an optimum micro-climate regimes for different promising varieties of rice for realizing higher yields under aerobic conditions. A field experiment was conducted in the Instructional Cum Research (ICR) Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam during autumn season of 2017. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of four micro-climatic regimes (M) in main plot viz., sowing of seed on 15th February (M1), 1st March (M2), 16th March (M3) and 1st April (M4) along with four different rice varieties (V) viz., CR-Dhan 205 (V1), CR-Dhan 203 (V2), CR-Dhan 204 (V3) and Inglongkiri (V4) in sub plot. The results of the experiment revealed that among the different micro-climatic regimes, the micro-climate associated with 1st April recorded positive effect on micro-climate related and yield parameters in terms of canopy temperature, light intensity, soil moister content, soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, number of effective tillers and grain yield (3004 kg/ha), followed by the micro-climate associated with 16th March sown crop. Among the varieties evaluated, CR-Dhan 203 recorded the highest value in terms of number of effective tillers (187/m2) followed by Inglongkiri, CR-Dhan 204 and CR-Dhan 205. The highest grain yield of 2860 kg/ha recorded in rice variety CR-Dhan 203 was significantly superior to that of other varieties except Inglongkiri. In terms of economics, the crop sown on 1st April recorded the highest net return (INR 51755 /ha) and B:C ratio (2.30) which was found to be the greatest.
Effect of Flaxseed Oil Inclusion and Extrusion Cooking Parameters on Extruded Snack-food Physical and Functional Properties
Authors: Ganorkar Pravin M. , Desai Preyash K. , Ranveer Rahul C. , Nandane Anil S.
Published: March 2021

Aims: Attempts were made to study flaxseed oil incorporated extruded snack by adopting response surface methodology (RSM) approach.

Study Design: Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD).

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Processing Technology, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, Po Box 52, New Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand.

Methodology: Feed moisture (12 -16%, wb), flaxseed oil (3-7%), extruder barrel temperature (115-145⁰C and screw speed (345 – 375 rpm) were selected as independent variable at three levels. The Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was employed to study linear, interactive and quadratic effect of selected independent variables on measured responses (expansion ratio ER, breaking strength BS, overall acceptability score OAA, starch-lipid complexing index CI).

Results: The physical properties of extrudate (ER at 0.05 and BS at 0.10 level) and functional properties (OAA at 0.05 and CI at 0.01 level) were significantly influenced by flaxseed oil inclusion level. The quadratic effect of feed moisture and barrel temperature were found to be significant on each response (p<0.01). After numerical optimization, flaxseed oil of 6%, feed moisture content of 14.5% (wb), barrel temperature of 1300C and screw speed of 355 rpm were optimized.
Chemical Evolution of Solutions from Beans Soaking and Cooking Processes: Case Study of Phaseolus vulgaris L
Authors: Tuebue J. C. Fopoussi , Tchinda I. N.
Published: March 2021

The present paper aims to highlight the physicochemical evolution of solutions from soaking and beans cooking processes. For that purpose, solutions from soaking were produced by putting in contact 2kg of sorted and quickly washed beans seed with 8kg of water with known physicochemical characteristics. Concerning the solutions from cooked beans, they were produced by putting on fire the pot containing the water mixture from soaking and bean seeds. The beans were a variety of Phaseolus vulgaris L.,known as “Meringue”. The cooking process was done without salts. The samples of solutions were collected as follows: 30 and 60 minutes respectively after the start of the soaking, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the beginning of the cooking process of the beans soaked for 60 minutes. After each sampling, the cooking solution was brought back to the gauge line using the water prepared for the cooking process. Solutions obtained from beans soaking and cooking gradually enriched in mineral salts, particularly major macro-elements (N and K), minor macro-elements (Ca, S, Mg) and oligo-elements compared to the situation noticed in the water used for the cooking process. Concerning the third main macro-element, notably the phosphorous, it is present in low amounts. The pH and the electric conductivity (EC) of the solutions increase with the duration of soaking and cooking processes. The amounts start their weak increasing thirty minutes after the beginning of the soaking, and continue their shy increasing up to the end of the sixtieth minute of the soaking. With the opening of the cooking process, the increase becomes abrupt. The correlation between all the parameters are globally positive. But the study of the clouds of dots reveals the impact of the temperature as the major responsible for the behavior of some of those elements despite the positive correlations established. The Pearson index in the correlations including sodium is the lowest.
Antioxidant Compounds and Health Benefits of Citrus Fruits
Authors: Adenaike Omolara , Abakpa Grace Onyukwo
Published: March 2021

Citrus fruits are spread worldwide, grown across the globe and are well- appreciated for their refreshing juice and health benefits. This review aimed at investigating the applied health therapeutic uses of some citrus fruits exploited in the treatment of several health challenges as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial activities against cardiovascular diseases and macular degeneration. Citrus fruits abilities on the exploited benefits are not far from their rich bioactive compounds and phytochemical contents such as minerals, vitamins, flavonoids and carotenoids. These phytochemicals may act as antioxidants, boosting the action of protective enzymes in the liver, reverse lipid for oxidation of genetic material and improve immune system. We reviewed literature for the antioxidant compounds and health benefits of some citrus fruits (namely, oranges, lime, lemon and grapefruits) from electronic database search obtaining information from research studies and reports. We recommend more research into more varieties of citrus predominantly in the tropics.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Production in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Olanipekun S. O. , Togun A. O. , Adebayo A. K. , Anjorin F. B.
Published: March 2021

Farmers use Inorganic Fertilizers (IF) to improve kenaf yield in Nigeria. However, the detrimental effects of mineral fertilizers and its high cost calls for the use of organic fertilizers that are locally available and environment friendly. Combination of Organic Fertiliser (OF) with IF may reduce the bulkiness of OF while harnessing the benefit of both for higher yields. Field trials were conducted at Ibadan and Ilora in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effects of combined fertilizers on the growth and yield of kenaf. Organic and IF (NPK 20:10:10) fertilizers as: (i) 160 kg ha-1 (sole organic), (ii) 100 kg ha-1 (sole IFl), (iii) Organic and IF at 50:50 ratio and (iv) control (no fertilizer). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Results showed that plant height (220.17 cm, 216.80 cm) and stem diameter (2.27 cm, 1.16 cm). Bast fiber (2.27 t/ha, 2.27 t/ha) and seed yield (1.69 t/ha, 1.78 t/ha) in Ibadan and Ilora respectively were significantly higher in plots with combined fertilizer. Combined fertilizers had the highest fiber and seed yield above sole application and control (no fertilizer application). Hence it is recommended for kenaf cultivation in Southwest Nigeria.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Emotion Regulation Changes in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder in Delta Region of Egypt
Authors: Fnoon Noha F. M. , Eissa Mai A. , Ramadan Ehab E. , El-Sawy Hossam E. , El-Karim Ahmed M. A. Abd
Published: March 2021

Background: Researchers have proved the role of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in improving emotion regulation skills in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Further researches for its effect in different cultures was needed. The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of DBT relative to treatment as usual “TAU” in improving emotional regulation in BPD patients of the delta region of Egypt.

Subjects and Methods: We conducted a prospective, comparative, non-randomized study. Eligible patients were assigned at their convenience or according to the immediate availability of treatment slots to a comprehensive DBT program integrating DBT skills into skills training schedule or treatment as usual (TAU). Patients were assessed at baseline, and follow up assessment at 4, 8, 12, and 16 months was done using the Arabic version of, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS),

Results: DBT patients showed better and lower scores of emotion regulation and distress tolerance scales in comparison to TAU. Overall, these positive outcomes were maintained in follow-up for four months post-treatment year.

Conclusions: We provide the superior efficacy of DBT in improving emotion regulation in delta region's patients with BPD in comparison to TAU.
Analytical Study on Indian Fisheries Sector: Trends in Trade Performance
Authors: Guledagudda S. S. , Reddy S. Vijayachandra , Paled Manjunatha P.
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted to examine the market wise and product wise growth, instability and direction of fish export from India. This study was based on secondary data on market wise and product-wise marine export in terms of quantity and value was collected from different sources like Marine Products Export Development Authority of India and Indiastat. The analytical tools like Markov Chain Analysis were employed to analyze the movement (direction) of export of fish over time, Compound Annual Growth Rate analysis was used to estimate the growth in export and Cuddy-Della Valle method was used to estimate the extent of instability in export of fish over a period of time. The findings reveals that, In 2018-19, South East Asia was the major importer of Indian fish in terms of quantity with 32.10 per cent and USA was the leading importer in terms of value with 34.81 per cent. Except China, growth in fish export of to all countries was positively significant. South East Asia has recorded a highest growth in fish export. Markets like USA, China and SEA were more instable markets for Indian fish products. Among these China was the most instable fish export market both in terms of quantity (42.38) and value (52.90). Japan, European Union and Middle East were the more stable international markets for India fish. Among these markets European Union was the least instable (more stable) market with instability index of 7.13 and 11.53 in terms of quantity and value. With respect to reliability of markets USA, European Union, China and South East Asia are the more loyal among importers of Indian fish as reflected by higher probability of 0.90, 0.87, 0.88 and 0.90 respectively. In 2018-19,among all fish products exported frozen shrimp was the leading product both in terms of quantity of 6,14,154 MT (44.10% tot total export) and value of Rs.31,801 crore (68.26% of total exported value). With respect to product wise growth, all items have shown significant positive growth but dried items have recorded a highest significant and positive growth of 14.40 per cent in terms of quantity and 19.43 per cent in terms of value.Frozen shrimp was the most instable exported fish product both in terms of quantity (31.55) and value (43.60) followed by dried items (29.65 in quantity and 26.63 in values).
Prognostic relevance of longitudinal HGF levels in serum of patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Klotz Daniel Martin , Link Theresa , Wimberger Pauline , Kuhlmann Jan Dominik
Published: March 2021

The pleiotropic protein hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the only known ligand of the tyrosine kinase mesenchymal–epithelial transition (cMET) receptor. The HGF/cMET pathway mediates invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells, and upregulation of HGF/cMET pathway components has been associated with poor prognosis. This study investigated the clinical relevance of circulating HGF in serum of patients with ovarian cancer. Serum HGF (sHGF) was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 471 serum samples from 82 healthy controls and 113 patients with ovarian cancer (88.5% with ≥ FIGO III). Patient samples were collected at primary diagnosis and at four follow‐up time points throughout treatment and at disease recurrence. Patients with ovarian cancer showed elevated median sHGF levels at primary diagnosis, and sHGF levels transiently increased after surgery and normalized in the course of chemotherapy, even dropping below initial baseline. Higher levels of sHGF were an independent predictor for shorter overall survival (OS) (a) at primary diagnosis (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.78, P = 0.006), (b) at longitudinal follow‐up time points (after surgery and before/during/after chemotherapy), (c) along the patients’ individual dynamics (HR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.63, P = 0.005), and (d) among a subgroup analysis of patients with BRCA1/2 wild‐type ovarian cancer. This is the first study proposing sHGF as an independent prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer at primary diagnosis and in the course of platinum‐based chemotherapy, irrespective of the postoperative residual disease after surgical debulking. sHGF could be implemented into clinical diagnostics as a CA125 auxiliary tumor marker for individualized prognosis stratification and sHGF‐guided therapy monitoring.
Novel Planar Auxetic Metamaterial Perforated with Orthogonally Aligned Oval‐Shaped Holes and Machine Learning Solutions
Authors: Wang Hui , Xiao Si-Hang , Zhang Chong
Published: March 2021

Auxetic metamaterials with negative Poisson's ratio have attracted much attention due to their counterintuitive deformation behavior over the conventional engineering materials. However, it is difficult to describe the complex correlation between microstructure parameters and auxeticity by analytical or empirical solutions in the form of math expressions. Herein, the machine learning (ML) model with artificial neural network (ANN) is developed to analyze a novel planar auxetic metamaterial designed by introducing orthogonally aligned oval‐shaped perforations in solid base material, and its feasibility is demonstrated through the experimental and finite element method (FEM) solutions. It is found that the proposed structure involving less design parameters exhibits the best performance at the aspects of auxetic behavior and stress level than those with peanut‐shaped holes and elliptic holes. Moreover, the results of parameter analysis demonstrate that the present ML solution model can provide accurate predicting results rapidly for this problem, without the limitations of explicit solution expressions which are typically not available in practice. The ML model allows one to obtain the desired auxetic property by tailoring the geometric parameters effectively and accelerate auxetic metamaterial design.
Solvent Impregnated Polymers Loaded with Liquid‐Like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials for Enhanced Kinetics of Direct Air Capture and Point Source CO2 Capture
Authors: Rim Guanhe , Feric Tony G. , Moore Thomas , Park Ah‐Hyung Alissa
Published: March 2021

Hybrid CO2 capture materials, solvent impregnated polymers (SIPs), are developed based on a simple and scalable encapsulation technique to enhance CO2 capture kinetics of water‐lean solvents with high viscosity. Liquid‐like nanoparticle organic hybrid materials functionalized with polyethylenimine (NOHM‐I‐PEI) are incorporated into a shell material and UV‐cured to produce gas‐permeable solid sorbents with uniform NOHMs loading (NPEI‐SIPs). The CO2 capture kinetics of NPEI‐SIPs show a remarkable 50‐fold increase compared to that of neat NOHM‐I‐PEI due to a large increase in the NOHMs‐CO2 interfacial surface area provided by the SIP design. The optimum NOHM‐I‐PEI loading and sorption temperature are found to be ≈49 wt% and 50 °C, respectively, and NPEI‐SIPs exhibit great thermal stability over 20 CO2 capture/sorbent regeneration temperature swing cycles. The pseudoequilibrium CO2 loadings of NPEI‐SIPs under humid conditions are as high as 3.1 mmol CO2 g−1NPEI − SIPs for 15 vol% CO2 (postcombustion capture) and 1.7 mmol CO2 g−1NPEI − SIPs for 400 ppm (direct air capture). These findings suggest that NPEI‐SIPs can effectively capture CO2 from a wide range of CO2 concentrations including direct air capture while allowing the flexible design of CO2 capture reactors by combining the benefits of liquid solvents and solid sorbents.
Lithiation MXene Derivative Skeletons for Wide‐Temperature Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Jinming , Yang Meng , Zou Guodong , Liu Di , Peng Qiuming
Published: March 2021

Lithium (Li) metal, as an appealing candidate for the next‐generation of high‐energy‐density batteries, is plagued by its safety issue mainly caused by uncontrolled dendrite growth and infinite volume expansion. Developing new materials that can improve the performance of Li‐metal anode is one of the urgent tasks. Herein, a new MXene derivative containing pure rutile TiO2 and N‐doped carbon prepared by heat‐treating MXene under a mixing gas, exhibiting high chemical activity in molten Li, is reported. The lithiation MXene derivative with a hybrid of LiTiO2‐Li3N‐C and Li offers outstanding electrochemical properties. The symmetrical cell assembling lithiation MXene derivative hybrid anode exhibits an ultra‐long cycle lifespan of 2000 h with an overpotential of ≈30 mV at 1 mA cm−2, which overwhelms Li‐based anodes reported so far. Additionally, long‐term operations of 34, 350, and 500 h at 10 mA cm−2 can be achieved in symmetrical cells at temperatures of −10, 25, and 50 °C, respectively. Both experimental tests and density functional theory calculations confirm that the LiTiO2‐Li3N‐C skeleton serves as a promising host for Li infusion by alleviating volume variation. Simultaneously, the superlithiophilic interphase of Li3N guides Li deposition along the LiTiO2‐Li3N‐C skeleton to avoid dendrite growth.
Stabilization of Damaged Articular Cartilage with Hydrogel‐Mediated Reinforcement and Sealing
Authors: Patel Jay M. , Loebel Claudia , Saleh Kamiel S. , Wise Brian C. , Bonnevie Edward D. , Miller Liane M. , Carey James L. , Burdick Jason A. , Mauck Robert L.
Published: March 2021

Cartilage injuries and subsequent tissue deterioration impact millions of patients. Since the regeneration of functional hyaline cartilage remains elusive, methods to stabilize the remaining tissue, and prevent further deterioration, would be of significant clinical utility and prolong joint function. Finite element modeling shows that fortification of the degenerate cartilage (Reinforcement) and reestablishment of a superficial zone (Sealing) are both required to restore fluid pressurization within the tissue and restrict fluid flow and matrix loss from the defect surface. Here, a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system is designed to both interdigitate with and promote the sealing of the degenerated cartilage. Interdigitating fortification restores both bulk and local pericellular tissue mechanics, reestablishing the homeostatic mechanotransduction of endogenous chondrocytes within the tissue. This HA therapy is further functionalized to present chemo mechanical cues that improve the attachment and direct the response of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells at the defect site, guiding localized extracellular matrix deposition to “seal” the defect. Together, these results support the therapeutic potential, across cell and tissue length scales, of an innovative hydrogel therapy for the treatment of damaged cartilage.
Synthetic Antigen‐Presenting Cells for Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Authors: Dahotre Shreyas N. , Romanov Anna M. , Su Fang‐Yi , Kwong Gabriel A.
Published: March 2021

Adoptive T cell therapies are transforming the treatment of solid and liquid tumors, yet their widespread adoption is limited in part by the challenge of generating functional cells. T cell activation and expansion using conventional antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) is unreliable due to the variable quality of donor‐derived APCs. As a result, engineered approaches using nanomaterials presenting T cell activation signals are a promising alternative due to their ability to be robustly manufactured with precise control over stimulation cues. Here, synthetic APCs that consist of liposomes surface‐functionalized with peptide‐major histocompatibility complexes are designed. Synthetic APCs selectively target and activate antigen‐specific T cell populations to levels similar to conventional protocols using nonspecific αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies without the need for costimulation signals. T cells treated with synthetic APCs produce effector cytokines and demonstrate cytotoxic activity when co‐cultured with tumor cells presenting target antigen in vitro. Following adoptive transfer into tumor‐bearing mice, activated cells control tumor growth and improve overall survival compared to untreated mice. Synthetic APCs can potentially be used in the future to improve the accessibility of adoptive T cell therapies by removing the need for conventional APCs during manufacturing.
Controllable Design Coupled with Finite Element Analysis of Low‐Tortuosity Electrode Architecture for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ultra‐High Mass Loading
Authors: Lv Zhiqiang , Yue Meng , Ling Moxiang , Zhang Huamin , Yan Jingwang , Zheng Qiong , Li Xianfeng
Published: March 2021

Electrode design enabling more active materials makes it possible to improve the energy density for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) on the device level, yet suffer from sluggish ion transport. Herein, a low‐tortuosity Na3V2(PO4)3‐based cathode is demonstrated based on a nonsolvent‐induced phase separation method. The targeted low‐tortuosity morphology can be achieved by thermodynamic and kinetic modulation. Benefiting from the structural advantages, the electrode with an ultra‐high mass loading (60 mg cm−2) and areal capacity (4.0 mAh cm−2) is successfully achieved. Even at a high rate of 10 C, the areal capacity remains 1.0 mAh cm−2. Comprehensive understanding on the effects of low‐tortuosity architecture to the spatial and temporal distribution of the multi‐physical field parameters has been elucidated by the finite element method. A homogeneous Na+ distribution, gentle and uniform local current density, and polarization inside the electrode are illustrated. Combining numerical simulations and experiments, it reveals that the low‐tortuosity architecture can contribute to an impressive ion transport capability and consequently significant improvements in electrochemical performance. This study exhibits a prospective solution for the design and optimization of the low‐tortuosity electrodes with ultra‐high mass loading, which opens a new door for developing advanced SIBs with high energy/power density.
A Review of Existing and Emerging Methods for Lithium Detection and Characterization in Li‐Ion and Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Paul Partha P. , McShane Eric J. , Colclasure Andrew M. , Balsara Nitash , Brown David E. , Cao Chuntian , Chen Bor‐Rong , Chinnam Parameswara R. , Cui Yi , Dufek Eric J. , Finegan Donal P. , Gillard Samuel , Huang Wenxiao , Konz Zachary M. , Kostecki Robert , Liu Fang , Lubner Sean , Prasher Ravi , Preefer Molleigh B. , Qian Ji , Rodrigues Marco‐Tulio Fonseca , Schnabel Manuel , Son Seoung‐Bum , Srinivasan Venkat , Steinrück Hans‐Georg , Tanim Tanvir R. , Toney Michael F. , Tong Wei , Usseglio‐Viretta Francois , Wan Jiayu , Yusuf Maha , McCloskey Bryan D. , Nelson Weker Johanna
Published: March 2021

Whether attempting to eliminate parasitic Li metal plating on graphite (and other Li‐ion anodes) or enabling stable, uniform Li metal formation in ‘anode‐free’ Li battery configurations, the detection and characterization (morphology, microstructure, chemistry) of Li that cannot be reversibly cycled is essential to understand the behavior and degradation of rechargeable batteries. In this review, various approaches used to detect and characterize the formation of Li in batteries are discussed. Each technique has its unique set of advantages and limitations, and works towards solving only part of the full puzzle of battery degradation. Going forward, multimodal characterization holds the most promise towards addressing two pressing concerns in the implementation of the next generation of batteries in the transportation sector (viz. reducing recharging times and increasing the available capacity per recharge without sacrificing cycle life). Such characterizations involve combining several techniques (experimental‐ and/or modeling‐based) in order to exploit their respective advantages and allow a more comprehensive view of cell degradation and the role of Li metal formation in it. It is also discussed which individual techniques, or combinations thereof, can be implemented in real‐world battery management systems on‐board electric vehicles for early detection of potential battery degradation that would lead to failure.