bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking Science and Technology with Arts and the Next Generation: The STEAM Imaging Experimental Artist Residency, A Case Study
Authors: Hofmann Bianka
Published: May 2019

The author describes designing an artist-in-residence project within a research institute for applied science as a dialogue-oriented form of science communication and education. The author collaborated with a scientist, an artist, a software architect and a sound designer to realize the STEAM Imaging pilot project as a conceptual framework for fostering collaborative engagement among school students, scientists and an artist. A constant through the project is the connection of tools for computer-assisted medicine with teaching topics from science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The first artist in residence, Yen Tzu Chang, integrated programming for sound art, creation of plaster models and discussion on ethical topics. The aim was to foster engagement with and ownership of future technology.
The Complexities of the Gravity Threshold in the International Criminal Court: A Practical Necessity or an Insidious Pitfall?
Authors: Popalzai Ghazia , Thobani Hiba
Published: June 2019

The issue addressed in this article is whether and to what extent the gravity thres-hold in the Rome Statute serves its purpose in determining case admissibility to the ICC. To answer this question, the article analyses the problems and pitfalls inherent in the concept and drafting of the threshold. These problems include, (1) the lack of a definition for the term ‘gravity’ and the difficulty of drafting a definition, (2) the problems associated with using the threshold as a justification for choosing some cases over others, (3) the overlap with the ICC’S subject matter jurisdiction and (4) the loose justiciability of the Prosecutor’s discretion in case selection.
The Status and Criminal Accountability of Members of Formed Police Units: Conflicting Positions, Current Status Quo and Future Prospects
Authors: Deen-Racsmány Zsuzsanna
Published: June 2019

Introduced in 1999, formed police units (FPUS) constitute a relatively recent invention in the history of UN peacekeeping. Yet, currently more than 10,000 individuals are deployed in such units. Their members are un civilian police officers but – like military personnel – they may be given executive mandates. Consequently, (the optimal regulation of) their legal position (i.e. whether equivalent to that of military members of national contingents or of UN experts on mission) and (of) their criminal accountability (i.e. exclusive contributing State jurisdiction and/or permissibility of host State criminal jurisdiction) have been a subject of prolonged disagreement. The legal-political struggle between the UN Secretariat (Office of Legal Affairs) and the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations concerning these issues has triggered important clarifications of the existing rules and led to revisions of legal instruments, including the most recent amendments to the UN Model Memorandum of Understanding.

Through a study of this process, the present article aims to clarify the legal status and criminal accountability of FPU officers, as well as to predict the stability of the current legal status quo. In addition, the analysis of these issues provides valuable insights into the relevant practice of and priorities within the UN and among troop and police contributing countries. It thus even helps assess chances that military members of national contingents may in the future be subjected to the criminal jurisdiction of host States. Last but not least, the study highlights the importance of accurate and up-to-date information.
Prisoners Dilemma: Ascertaining and Augmenting the Multinational NIAC Detention Regime
Authors: Begoore Yateesh
Published: June 2019

While International Humanitarian Law (IHL) contains a comprehensive framework of rules and procedural protections for detainees in international armed conflicts (IACS), there is a conspicuous absence of such rules and protections for detainees in the case of non-international armed conflicts (NIACS). In fact, as the recent Serdar Mohammad v. Ministry of Defence case pointed out, the rules pertaining to NIACS make no mention of detention authority at all, leading some scholars to conclude that International Human Rights Law (IHRL), and not IHL, governs NIAC detention.

Contrarily, this paper contends that not only does IHL govern (as well as grant authority for) NIAC detentions, the regime’s shortcomings regarding procedural safe-guards and treatment standards may be remedied through the application of the Copenhagen Process Principles – as evolutive interpretation or interpretation based on subsequent agreement – to Common Art. 3 of the Geneva Conventions.
Holding to Account the Commission of International Crimes in the Central African Republic: The Establishment of the Special Criminal Court
Authors: Tredici Ignacio , Galand Renaud
Published: June 2019

The Special Criminal Court for the Central African Republic (scc) is a national court that has been established with the assistance of the Un Multidimensional Integrated Mission of Stabilization in the Central African Republic (minusca) to bring to justice perpetrators of international crimes committed in car from 2003. The establishment of the scc is a response to the legal obligation to fight impunity for the most serious crimes in a country severely affected by decades of internal armed conflicts, social and political crises: car has been depleted of the resources required to investigate and prosecute those responsible for the commission of international crimes. Taking to justice the perpetrators will help consolidate peace, security and justice and break the cycle of violence. The scc is hence expected to serve as a catalyst for the restoration of the rule of law in car more broadly and to advance national reconciliation and peacebuilding processes. Notwithstanding the challenges that it will face, it is submitted that the scc could be a valid model to be replicated in other post-conflict contexts where impunity for either international crimes or serious organized crime is a fundamental impediment to social peace and progress.
An International Administrative Procedural Law of Fair Trial: Reality or Rhetoric?
Authors: Gulati Rishi
Published: June 2019

Highlighting that the right to a fair trial in international law now forms an aspect of international administrative procedural law, I argue when international administrative tribunals administer justice to international civil servants, fair trial guarantees must be accorded. Particularly, in this paper I assess the two leading international administrative tribunals, the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organisation, in terms of their compliance with fair trial standards. Focusing on the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, I first show how what I call an international procedural law of fair trial has been developed and requires that basic due process guarantees must be accorded wen delivering international administrative justice. I then develop fair trial standards with greater nuance, especially focusing on the quality of independence and impartiality. Then, the paper engages in a detailed analysis of the leading international administrative tribunals in terms of compliance with fair trial standards, concluding that significant deficits exist. If a fair trial for international civil servants is to be guaranteed, significant structural reforms are necessary.
Which Religions Still Affect Schooling? A Study of 143 Countries
Authors: Feldmann Horst
Published: June 2019

This paper studies which world religions have exerted a contemporary influence on the extent of secondary schooling at the national level in the recent past. Using data on 143 countries and the period 1973 to 2012, it finds that both Hinduism and Judaism have a large positive effect, particularly among females. The group of other Eastern religions (which covers comparatively small religions, notably Confucianism) also has a positive effect, though it is slightly smaller, especially among girls. Islam has a negative effect, which is larger among females than among males. Neither Buddhism nor the three branches of Christianity – Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism and Protestantism – have any statistically significant effect. The results are robust to numerous controls and variations in specification.
Zionist and Palestinian Honor and Universal Dignity in Israeli Cinema
Authors: Kamir Orit
Published: June 2019

This article offers a film analysis of Israeli films which, it claims, embrace or critique Israel’s Zionist and Palestinian perceptions of honor, as compared with universal human dignity. The article groups together and examines six acclaimed Israeli feature films that, it argues, present and comment on Zionist and Palestinian perceptions of honor, as well as human dignity. The Israeli-Zionist Kazablan (1973) and the Israeli-Palestinian Wedding in Galilee (1987) each construct an ideal version of Zionist and Palestinian honor codes and mentalities, respectively. More critical and recent films, James’ Journey to Jerusalem (2003), Attash (2004) and Ajami (2009), suggest that these happy ideals conceal monstrous shadow images that undermine the reverence and promotion of human dignity. Finally, Bethlehem (2013) is read as portraying both Zionist and Palestinian mentalities concerning honor as macho, adolescent, insensitive and hurtful. According to this reading, Bethlehem demonstrates how both honor codes preclude the adherence to and cherishing of universal human dignity, locking the two nations in an eternal blood feud.
Determinants of Indefinite Contracts in Europe: The Role of Unemployment
Authors: Baccaro Lucio , Koçer Rüya Gökhan , Galindo Jorge , Pulignano Valeria
Published: June 2019

Using individual-level data from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey (ewcs), and country-level data on unemployment, employment protection legislation and union density for 21 European countries, this paper provides a comprehensive multi-level analysis of the determinants of indefinite employment contracts. The authors find that workers’ autonomy on the job, the intensity of computer use, and the presence of general and specific skills are associated with greater contract security. Perhaps more importantly, the authors find a strong negative effect of unemployment, particularly on workers cumulating multiple sources of labor market vulnerability, such as young age, low skill, low autonomy, and immigrant status, especially but not exclusively in the Mediterranean countries most affected by the crisis.
Citation coranique probablement erronée dans la plus ancienne lettre arabe datée d’Égypte
Authors: Daaïf Lahcen
Published: June 2019

Les citations coraniques figurant dans les documents papyrologiques légaux et privés n’ont pas suffisamment attiré l’attention des spécialistes du Coran qui les intègrent rarement dans leur recherche. Dans cette perspective nous nous sommes intéressé aux deux versets de la sourate 65 cités dans une lettre familiale datée du tout début du iie siècle de l’hégire : « Man yattaqi Llāha yaǧʿal lahu [min amrihi] maḫraǧan (2) wa-yarzuqhu min ḥayṯu lā yaḥtasibu (3) ». Au regard de cette date qui se trouve être l’une des plus reculées qu’ait porté un document mentionnant des passages coraniques, s’est imposée à nous l’éventualité d’une lecture coranique excentrique, probablement abandonnée par la codification ultérieure du Coran. Tout en tenant compte du contexte discursif de la citation, cette étude s’efforce de vérifier cette hypothèse en recourant aussi bien aux sources traditionnelles traitant des sciences coraniques (tafsīr, qirāʾāt, asbāb al-nuzūl, etc.) qu’aux dernières publications des fragments du Coran récemment mis au jour.
In Search of ʿIzz al-Dīn Aydamir al-Ǧildakī, Mamlūk Alchemist
Authors: Harris Nicholas G.
Published: June 2019

This article attempts to establish basic biographical information about the prolific Egyptian alchemist ʿIzz al-Dīn Aydamir al-Ǧildakī, more specifically his birth and death dates and his origin. To this end, the article makes use of and critics manuscripts and secondary sources in order to untangle probable facts from unsubstantiated assumptions. The result moves closer to identifying the time and place, and thus the historical context, for an influential alchemist in the medieval Islamic world.
The Right to the Free Exercise of Religion in the Philippines
Authors: Fernando Emmanuel Q.
Published: June 2019

The Philippines Supreme Court’s controversial Reproductive Health (rh) Law case gave occasion for a probing inquiry into legal doctrines and policy issues. The ‘conscientious objection’ provisions incorporated into the Law were probably the most divisive issue in the case. The provisions were intended to protect the religious scruples of health care providers. While the duties to extend contraceptive information and services to a patient were imposed on them, there was an opt-out clause in the event a provider conscientiously objects to these duties, so long as he refers the patient to another health care provider, who does not share his objection, to attend to her needs. The Court found this imposition of a duty to refer to be legally unacceptable relying on the United Kingdom (uk) case of Doogan and Wood v nhs Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board. This resort to uk jurisprudence was misguided in that the decision was overruled on appeal. There were, moreover, methodological differences between the two jurisdictions as to the resolution of conscientious objection cases. This article attempts to learn from and gain some insight into the issue of conscientious objection from a more comprehensive examination of uk jurisprudence, as well as from underlying moral, political, and philosophical principles of the Philippine Constitution.
Access to Public Housing for Outsiders
Authors: Kusumawati E.D. , de Wolf A.G. Hallo , Brus M.M.T.A.
Published: June 2019

While the decentralised system adhered to by Indonesia has allowed the central government to delegate its affairs to local governments and has brought benefits for democracy, several issues are open for improvement. One of the areas allocated to local governments is housing and settlements. There are indications that in some cases the local governments fail to provide access to public housing for outsiders, who are also vulnerable to eviction and resettlement. This article discusses legal regulations and examples of housing policy at the national level. Moreover, it assesses general practices of four Indonesian local governments: Jakarta, Surabaya, Jogjakarta and Surakarta, concerning access to public housing for outsiders. The article investigates whether the four Indonesian local governments unintentionally facilitate indirect discrimination or legally limit the right to housing for the purpose of promoting the general welfare. The analysis is based on the prohibition of indirect discrimination related to the right to housing in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (icescr), General Comments and Concluding Observations.
Hippocrates’ Law in the Middle Ages with the Edition of the Latin Translation and the Revision
Authors: Fortuna Stefania
Published: June 2019

The present article examines the medieval tradition of Hippocrates’ Law and shows that only one Latin translation of Hippocrates’ Law and a revised version are extant, although three medieval translations are listed in Pearl Kibre’s catalogue Hippocrates Latinus: one anonymous, the other two by Niccolò da Reggio and Arnold of Villanova. Moreover, this article (i) attributes the medieval translation of Hippocrates’ Law to Bartolomeo da Messina (fl. 1260), who was active at the court of Manfred, King of Sicily between 1258 and 1266, on the basis of the text’s tradition, its sources, and above all its style; and (ii) proves that the revision seems to follow the same style as Niccolò’s translations, but it was probably not carried out by him. Finally, the article provides an edition of the translation of Hippocrates’ Law and its revision, with double indexes.
How Did Regius Become Regius? The Early Doctrinal Evolution of a Heterodox Cartesian
Authors: Strazzoni Andrea
Published: June 2019

This article offers an assessment of Henricus Regius’s (1598-1679) pre-Cartesian sources and their role in his appropriation of Descartes’s ideas, via two main questions: 1) Who was Regius, doctrinally speaking, before his exposure to Cartesianism? And 2) how did he use Descartes’s theories before his quarrel with Descartes himself in the mid-1640s? These questions are addressed by means of a textual analysis that concerns his theory of matter. In this article, I will show that 1) Regius started out with a scientific program he had found in Ramism and the medical theories of Heurnius and Santorio. 2) On this basis, he developed a physiology encompassing Descartes’s theory of blood circulation and sensory perception. 3) Regius completed the resulting physiology with a theory of matter more developed than Descartes’s, and which he appropriated from Santorio, Basson, and Gorlaeus.
Crisis and Resilience among Church Planters in Europe
Authors: Paas Stefan , Schoemaker Marry
Published: June 2019

Church planting – the creation of new Christian communities for missionary reasons – is becoming increasingly accepted among the larger churches and denominations in Europe. As church plants in the secular parts of Europe are usually under-resourced, and remain small, the normalization of this entrepreneurial approach of church and mission raises the question of its sustainability. Part of the answer to this question lies in the resilience of church planters; that is, those who lead these enterprises. In this paper we present the results of a qualitative study of European church planters, with a view to their coping with what often appears to be a mixture of high expectations, unclear structures, and a difficult “market.” This research shows the particular nature of crises in the life of a church planter, while identifying sources of resilience. Its results are relevant both for the assessment of church planting projects, and for the training and coaching of church planters.
The Vision of Asian Women for Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: Nguyen Thao
Published: June 2019

This article discusses a special way in which Asian Catholic women have envisioned their roles in the religiously pluralistic context of Asia. By engaging in dialogue with other religions through service, inter-faith marriage, and collaboration with non-Christian women for women’s liberation, these women have used their special gifts in communicating with other women to bring about a change in relationships among people of other religions. In addition, Asian women’s theological reflection on interreligious dialogue helps enrich the church’s understanding of their role in building a relationship between the church and Asian religions.
How did Persian and Other Western Medical Knowledge Move East, and Chinese West? A Look at the Role of Rashīd al-Dīn and Others
Authors: Buell Paul D.
Published: June 2019

The name of Rashīd al-Dīn (1247-1317) is associated with the
transmission of considerable medical lore from China to Mongol Iran and the
Islamic World. In fact, Rashīd al-Dīn was only at one end of the exchange, and
while Chinese medical knowledge, including lore about pulsing and the Chinese
view of anatomy, went west, Islamic medical knowledge went east, where Islamic
medicine became the preferred medicine of the Mongol elite in China. The paper
traces this process and considers who may have been involved and what specific
traditions in an ongoing process of medical globalisation.
Who was Agrippinus?
Authors: Handl András , Dupont Anthony
Published: June 2019

It is generally assumed that Agrippinus was one of the earliest known bishops of Carthage, if not the earliest. He probably presided over the first recorded council of bishops in North Africa around AD 220. It was presumably Agrippinus who opposed Tertullian when the latter attacked the church’s practice of forgiving sexual sins in his work De pudicitia. This article will first provide a historical overview of the development of what has become the commonly accepted image of Agrippinus, combining the hypotheses just mentioned, and will then re-examine the extant sources and popular arguments for the dating of his term of office. It will conclude that the sources do not support a dating of the first council in Carthage before AD 230. Furthermore, there is not much evidence in the available sources to substantiate the commonly held belief that Agrippinus was Tertullian’s episcopal opponent.
In saecula saeculorum
Authors: van Lieburg Fred
Published: June 2019

This article offers a personal perspective on religious history after the institutionalisation of this field in the History Department at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 2015. In essence and method, religious history is like history of religion(s). In German and Dutch, one can speak of Religionsgeschichte or religiegeschiedenis/godsdienstgeschiedenis. Different terms are in use in English and French, reflecting the different traditions in the disciplines of theology and history. History of religion(s)/histoire des religions is commonly associated with comparative studies of (non-Christian) religions, while religious history/histoire religieuse developed as a specialisation within general history (mostly concerned with Christianity and therefore close to what is known as church history or ecclesiastical history). While understanding religious history as general history with a focus on the religious factor in cultural, social, and political realities, various research traditions should be converged and integrated by means of conceptual exchange, cross-disciplinary approaches, and linked scholarly networks. Given the interest in global dimensions and long-term developments, computer-assisted research of digitalised sources is recommended for doing religious history today.
The Philological Program of Erasmus and His Apophthegmata in the Collectanea Moralis Philosophiae of Fray Luis de Granada
Authors: Martins Anita
Published: June 2019

During the Renaissance, many encyclopedic productions such as Collectaneas, Florilegia, Adagia, based on the aemulatio auctorum of Classical antiquity and exhibiting the ars scribendi ac ars colligendi of their authors, proliferated all over Europe. These humanists have transmitted, in their works, a perennial legacy at the service of a moral pedagogy, which is a driving force to literary genesis and creation. This process of imitatio, variatio ac renouatio converts the collector into auctor, and guides us in an intertextual construction, where the sententia’s rhetoric is developed under a promising conciliation of res et uerba. Erasmus is one of the most recognizable humanists with a leading role throughout the centuries. His works are a valuable contribution to the study of cultural context and philological framework, followed by many scholars and intellectuals such as Fray Louis of Granada. Thus, our intention is to shed light on the individual method of Granada in the composition of Collectanea Moralis Philosophiae (1571) and, at the same time, to consider how Granada’s use of apophthegmata resembles or differs from Eramus’ treatment of the genre. In this way, we will study this handbook under the meticulous scrutiny of several operative concepts, in order to discover its epistemic structure and philosophical matrix, to analyze the aesthetic and rhetorical features and to reveal the modus operandi of literary creation.
Annotating the Affections
Authors: Essary Kirk
Published: June 2019

A key problem in the history of emotions arises from the shifting meaning of emotion terms throughout history and from the difficulty in translating emotion terms from one language to another. Erasmus’ New Testament and Annotations offer scholars interested in the ‘historical semantics of emotion’ invaluable insights into sixteenth-century emotions discourse and the translation of emotion terms from Greek into Latin. This paper examines some of the more problematic cases in order to shed light on how Erasmus handles the difficulties that are attendant to translating emotion words, and also considers the influence of Erasmus’ NT and Annotations in early modern Greek-to-Latin lexicons, a feature of his reception that has not been acknowledged to date.
Strenuous Citizenship: William James & the Contemporary Debate Over Democracy’s Future
Authors: Paul Colella E.
Published: June 2019

This essay aims to bring William James into the contemporary discussion concerning the future of democracy in a post-national, globalized world. The current debate turns on a constellation of themes that James had raised in his own philosophical work – the dichotomy between monism and pluralism, and the construction of an active selfhood animated by subjective interests being the most prominent. Using James’s discussion of the reflex triad, the strenuous mood, and his profile of sainthood from the Varieties, the essay sketches a concept of “strenuous citizenship” that can serve as the center around which a pluralistic model of democracy’s future can be fashioned. In this way, James’s voice – marginal and largely ignored in this contemporary debate – can reclaim a significant place in that conversation concerning democracy and its future prospects.
Social organisation of the northern giant mouse lemur Mirza zaza in Sahamalaza, north western Madagascar, inferred from nest group composition and genetic relatedness
Authors: Johanna Rode E. , Anne-Isola Nekaris K. , Markolf Matthias , Schliehe-Diecks Susanne , Seiler Melanie , Radespiel Ute , Schwitzer Christoph
Published: June 2019

Shelters such as leaf nests, tree holes or vegetation tangles play a crucial role in the life of many nocturnal mammals. While information about characteristics and availability of these resources may help in conservation planning, nest use gives an indication about a species’ social organisation. The northern giant mouse lemur (Mirza zaza) is threatened by habitat loss within its restricted range. Our aim was to examine nest site preferences of M. zaza and to explore the species’ social organisation by examining sleeping site aggregation size and genetic relatedness within and between such aggregations. In the Ankarafa Forest inside Sahamalaza – Iles Radama National Park, northwestern Madagascar, we radio-tagged five male and three female M. zaza and followed them for 2.5 months during the dry season. We identified sleeping trees and observed animals during emergence in the evening and return in the morning. We compared sleeping trees and microhabitats around nest sites to trees and habitat used during nightly activity and to random sites. We found that nests were well covered by canopy, even during the dry season, and were located near the tree trunk a few meters below the tree top. Nest sites were characterised by large (> 30 cm DBH) and tall trees (>16 m) with many lianas. Up to four animals shared one to three group-exclusive nests for up to 50 days. Two of the nest groups included two and three males with fully developed testes. Relatedness data revealed that the adult males sharing nests were either unrelated or closely related. These data suggest that M. zaza is sleeping in social nest groups including multiple males, which is unusual among nocturnal strepsirrhines. Apart from protecting suitable sleeping trees and discouraging selective logging of large trees, we recommend conducting further studies on the species’ social organisation throughout an entire season.
The Eyes of Radio Free Europe: Regimes of Visibility in the Cold War Archives
Authors: Macrea-Toma Ioana
Published: June 2019

This article investigates on the basis of letters to Radio Free Europe how the ersatz coupling of sensory data streams impacted the political imagination before and after 1989. While reconstructing the medial configuration of a clandestine information flow and reflecting on the micro-powers involved, the article follows the case through its own archival visibility, thus capturing the very tension between seeing and hiding. Going both “along the archival grain” to capture the epistemic anxieties of governance, and “against the archival grain” to retrieve from the hermetic tectonic of archival layers the story of a Cold War trickster, offers a better understanding of the epistemic limits of the Cold War archives and thus to map and transgress them.
Non-Governmental Organizations in Egypt and Their Participation in Resistance: a Comparison between the Middle Class and the Underclass
Authors: Zheng Xinyao , Peng Zongchao
Published: June 2019

The number of non-governmental organizations in Egypt continued to grow before 2011. The middle class became the main participants in the political movement against Mubarak regime in 2011. However, it could not be attributed to the mobilization by non-governmental organizations. Based on regression analysis results of the questionnaire survey conducted by Arab Barometer in 2011, NGOs’ mobilization of their middle-class members was almost ineffective. As for the underclass, only the charitable organizations had a strong mobilization effect. From the two aspects of consensus mobilization and action mobilization, the paper explains the reasons why non-governmental organizations failed to mobilize their middle-class members and the specific mechanism for charitable organizations to mobilize their underclass members. Egypt’s experience shows that NGOs do not necessarily act as the main driving force of political resistance, which depends on NGOs’ capability of mobilizing their members for consensus and action, and for different social classes, the mobilization effects show great differences.
Différentes natures des marques négatives redondantes en chinois mandarin
Authors: Zuo Baiyao
Published: June 2019

Les marques négatives redondantes apparaissent dans des structures propositionnelles et des expressions adjectivales et adverbiales en chinois. Bien qu’ elles soient étudiées depuis longtemps, les différences de leurs natures n’ ont pas été indiquées par les recherches antérieures. Cet article a analysé les productions des structures propositionnelles, comme chàdiǎn méi … (差点没 … « s’ en falloir de peu que NEG »), et des expressions adjectivales ou adverbiales hǎo bù (好不 « très NEG ») + Adj et búyào tài (不要太 « NEG très ») + Adj. A travers cette analyse, trois mécanismes différents de production, à savoir l’ intégration conceptuelle des constructions, l’ ironie (la négation métaconceptuelle) et la négation métalinguistique, ont été trouvés pour expliquer les différentes natures des marques négatives redondantes.
Forgotten Works by I.S. Shepelev on the History of Early Modern Russia’s Time of Troubles
Authors: Kleitman Alexander , Tyumentsev Igor
Published: June 2019

The authors analyze the scientific works of the Russian historian I.S. Shepelev in the context of Soviet historiography concerning early modern Russia’s Time of Troubles. The article sheds light on the originality and professionalism of this important scholar of medieval Russian history whose works have recently been unjustly overlooked.
The First English History of the Russian Time of Troubles: Samuel Purchas’s “Late Changes” (1625)
Authors: Perrie Maureen
Published: June 2019

Samuel Purchas’s Hakluytus Posthumus, first published in 1625, is a collection of travel accounts similar to that edited by Richard Hakluyt in the late sixteenth century, but it also includes the earliest secondary history of the Time of Troubles in English. Purchas’s chapter entitled “The late changes and manifold alterations in Russia since Ivan Vasilowich to this present …” combines documentary publication with narrative history. This article examines the source materials used by Purchas and discusses his own commentary on events. Purchas considers that historians should demonstrate the justice of God’s providence in punishing a people’s sins, and he assesses the reigns of Ivan IV and Boris Godunov in this light. He enlivens his narrative with elaborate metaphors, including that of Russia during the interregnum of 1610–1612 as a “many-headed monster”. This metaphor was commonly used by conservative writers in early modern England to designate the ordinary people, but Purchas uses it more creatively in relation to Russia, to signify not only the multitude but also the rival candidates for the throne, including pretenders (samozvantsy).
Who Counts as “People” (narod)? A Reconsideration of vox populi in the First Russian Time of Troubles (Smutnoe vremia)
Authors: Gruber Isaiah
Published: June 2019

This article is intended as a thought experiment on the meaning of the Russian concept narod, generally translated “people,” during the Time of Troubles (Smutnoe vremia) of the early seventeenth century. The topic is significant, since in this period the Muscovite politico-religious elite propounded a notion of vox populi as a legitimizing and even decisive force in determining the right course of action for the entire realm. Two closely related concepts, the so-called zemskii sobor (Assembly of the Land) and the idea of Holy Russia or Rus’, have been much debated in historiography. I argue that these historiographic discussions could benefit from more emphasis on the fundamental linguistic concepts of the time, as distinct from the later conceptualizations of historians. The present reconsideration of the meaning of narod, or who was included within notions of “the people,” suggests that language as much as anything else played a role in the dramatic historical shifts that have shaped Russian culture to this day.
Expressive Gestures
Authors: Kivelson Valerie A.
Published: June 2019

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the Litsevoi letopisnyi svod, a massive illustrated chronicle of the history of the world and of Russia was produced in a single manuscript. Consisting of over 20,000 pages, with over 17,000 illustrations, the work should be a treasure trove for visually-minded scholarship. However, at first glance, the figures appear rigid and formulaic, offering little promise for interpretation. This article examines a small subset of these images that depict the Russian conquest of the Muslim Khanate of Astrakhan in 1556. The images deploy an unexpectedly powerful language of emotion, expressed through gesture. The Astrakhan images provide opportunities not only to explore early modern Russian ideas about emotion, but also to consider human connections across the Christian-Muslim divide.
Историческая память об Александре Невском в эпоху Петра I и его преемников
Authors: Мещенина Анастасия Анатольевна , Соколов Роман Александрович
Published: June 2019

Существовавшее с древних времен церковное почитание политического и военного деятеля XIII в. Александра Невского в эпоху реформ Петра Великого оказалось включенным в общую идеологию провозглашенной Российской империи. Обстоятельства переноса мощей князя в новую столицу страны – Санкт-Петербург (1723–1724) – дают основания утверждать, что император пытался придать святому статус покровителя вновь создаваемого русского флота. Установление нового канона иконописного изображения Александра было обусловлено решением государственной власти, но для этого имелись некоторые предпосылки объективного свойства. Временный отказ от нового порядка празднования памяти святого был связан исключительно с правлением Петра II (1727–1730), поскольку у него это вызывало ассоциации с гибелью отца – царевича Алексея. Возврат к установленной Петром I практике празднования, произошел уже при Анне Иоанновне (1730–1740) и в дальнейшем укреплялся вплоть до 1917 г. В новейших научных исследованиях преувеличивается значимость идеологической составляющей толкования политики Александра Невского в исторических трудах М.В. Ломоносова. Анализ содержания показывает, что рассмотрение деятельности князя в этих работах ученого не выделялость чем-то особенным и не имело, в частности, антишведской направленности. В то же время, в художественных и литературных произведениях М.В. Ломоносов, действительно, использовал сравнения древнерусского князя с Петром I, что, безусловно, вписывалось в идеологию Российской империи елизаветинской эпохи.
لوحة بخط المسند بالجيزة بمصر : دراسة أثرية تاريخية
Authors: صالح رباب عادل حسن
Published: June 2019

The research aims to publish a palette inscribed with Musnad Humaidi script for the first time, it is believed that this painting is part of the remaining famous Ghumdan Palace, which is displayed at Zaki Pasha’s Mosque in Giza Governorate. The research is divided into five parts; the first part is the Introduction; the second part, is dedicated to the historic introduction. Then the third part: the descriptive part. The fourth part is the theoretical part, it is concerned with analyzing some of the words in the text to provide the information concerning the ancient Sabaean’ god ‘Almaqah’, the second topic for Serwah; the third section is about Dhu Dhiran; the fourth and final section is about ‘how to transfer this palette to Egypt’; the fifth part, a conclusion, which is divided into the findings and recommendations.
Ala-Too as the Main City/Country Square: Changing Forms, Uses, and Meanings
Authors: Kosmarskaya Natalya , Kosmarsky Artyom , Sabirova Guzel
Published: June 2019

This article explores the relationship between reformatting of Bishkek’s central square “from above” and mosaics of meanings, claims, and practices produced by different social actors “from below” in response to the ongoing transformation of this space. Drawing on narratives of long-term Bishkek residents and recent internal migrants to the city, we investigate commonalities and divergences in their perception of Ala-Too’s changing image. It is shown why the square, despite its planned multifunctionality, does not fulfill the needs of various segments of the city population. We also analyze political meanings of the “emptiness” of the square and the ambivalent public reaction to the ways it is being “filled.” The square becomes a spatial mirror of society—a society that remains in constant flux, searching for social stability and for unifying national symbols, heroes, and slogans.
Decolonial {R}evolution: Petrocracy and Geological Modernity from Detroit to Palestine and Back
Authors: Mirzoeff Nicholas
Published: June 2019

This article explores what Grace Lee Boggs called {r}evolution—the horizontal construction of autonomous power from below by multiple subjects—in the context of anthropogenic climate change. This is a decolonial uprising from Haiti to Detroit against petrocracy, or the mutually reinforcing rule of fossil fuels and monotheism. I pursue a decolonial reading of the Holocene/Anthropocene geological epochs through an anarchaeological, visual, and discourse analysis of the excavations at Tell-es-Sultan, asserted to be the site of the biblical Jericho, to reconsider the “human.” The article interacts present-day, on-site conditions at the Palestinian refugee camp ‘Ein-as-Sultan with Kathleen Kenyon’s famous excavations (1952–1958), her discoveries and the museology associated with them, and the geopolitical and religious claims made for the site. I conclude by analyzing how “Detroit” is becoming the floating name for the non-continuous spaces of the displaced world, where displacement, drought, and counterinsurgency intermingle to deadly effect.
Hakluyt’s Peripatetic Discourse
Authors: Imes Robert
Published: June 2019

In this article, I examine intellectual correspondences between two manuscripts that Richard Hakluyt (1552–1616) presented to Queen Elizabeth i in tandem in 1584: his well-known “Discourse of Western Planting” and his underappreciated “Analysis” of Aristotle’s Politics. I argue that Aristotle’s vision of the ideal political state as a materially and morally self-sustaining system, as represented in the “Analysis,” serves as the philosophical foundation of Hakluyt’s recommendations in the “Discourse” that England pursue an aggressive policy of expansionist, colonial growth. Hakluyt describes colonialism as a panacea for England’s socioeconomic issues and as the means by which England might become self-sustaining in the manner of Aristotle’s ideal state.
Inter-State Water Law in the United States of America
Authors: Larson Rhett B.
Published: June 2019

The rich field of inter-state water law in the United States illustrates both successes and failures in transboundary water management and allocation. This monograph analyzes the three general approaches to water allocation between riparian states to certain shared watercourses in the United States, namely equitable apportionment, congressional apportionment, and inter-state compacts. This analysis is accompanied by a discussion and evaluation of the different cases of shared watercourses that applied these approaches, and a comparison of each of them to similar approaches in international water law. The monograph draws lessons for international water law from inter-state water law—highlighting the successful inter-state approaches that can be adopted by international water law, as well as the approaches that failed, and which should be avoided.
Tom Brown’s Schooldays as a Supplement to The Citizen (Grazhdanin) and Dostoevsky’s Later Works of the 1870s
Authors: Zohrab Irene
Published: June 2019

The aim of this article is to study some possible intertextual links between Tom Brown’s Schooldays (Shkol’naia zhizn’ Toma Brauna. Rasskaz byvshego uchenika) by Thomas Hughes (1822–1896) and the later works of Dostoevsky: The Adolescent (Podrostok), The Dream of a Ridiculous Man (Son smeshnogo cheloveka) and Brothers Karamazov (Brat’ia Karamazovy). Hughes’s novel of 1857 was translated into Russian as a special Supplement to The Citizen when Dostoevsky was its editor and intended for distribution “no later than May 1874” to all subscribers for 1873 and 1874 free of charge. We propose to consider constitutive intertextuality in relation to
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and some discursive features in Dostoevsky’s later works, as well as inter-connections in specific cases on the plot-composition level, subject matter, characterisation, use of individual motifs and symbols, and various other literary devices.
An Exegetical Argument for Civil Authority in the De Imperio of Hugo Grotius
Authors: Legaspi Michael C.
Published: June 2019

Between 1614 and 1617, Hugo Grotius wrote a treatise entitled De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra. Though the work was published much later (posthumously in 1647), it should be read in the context of Grotius’s involvement in the controversy associated with the Oath of Allegiance to James i and the conflict between Remonstrants and critics of the government in the 1610s. In De imperio, Grotius uses classical and contemporary sources to argue for government oversight of the churches. This article focuses on one biblical passage that figured prominently in the debate over state control of religion, Numbers 27:18–21. Grotius’s remarkable treatment of this passage shows how a leading figure in the Republic of Letters used the tools of historical and literary criticism to gain leverage in an ongoing hermeneutical debate, thus shedding light on the relation of irenicism to critical exegesis of the Bible.
Lack of Belonging as Disrupting the Formation of Meaning and Faith
Authors: Saarelainen Suvi-Maria Katariina
Published: June 2019

The paper aims to discover how youth at risk of becoming marginalised describe the relations between meaning, faith and belonging. The data consists of 20 individual interviews with young people living in the small rural district of Lammi in southern Finland, including the experiences of three asylum seekers. Thematic analysis of the data indicated that these young people experienced lack of belonging on the levels of relationships and life context. Formations of personal faith and meaning in life become contested when it is not possible to find belonging. Meaning and belonging are found to be the roots for the growth of faith.
At the Margins of the Minor
Authors: Bachner Andrea
Published: June 2019

Taiwanese indigenous literatures, the literatures of the Austronesian, indigenous cultures of Taiwan, mainly written in Chinese, constitute ultraminor literatures at the margins of Taiwanese culture which is itself at the margins of Chinese-language culture. This essay uses the case of Taiwanese indigenous literatures as the basis for a reflection on the notion of literary minority. It argues that the example of Taiwanese indigenous literatures draws attention to the importance of thinking minority as a radically comparative category, one that makes sense only with reference to complex, dynamic constellations. As such, minority needs to be understood with regard to three vectors in dynamic interaction: scalarity, relationality, and translation. To probe the margins of the minor means not only to theorize forms of the ultraminor but instead to put pressure on the very concept of the minor from a variety of directions.
Global Masterpieces and Italian Dialects
Authors: Segnini Elisa
Published: June 2019

This essay suggests that the ultraminor can function as a paradigm to examine literature that emphasizes the minority status of the language in which it is composed. Engaging with Deleuze and Guattari’s definition of minor literature and with Pascale Casanova and Lawrence Venuti’s reflections on the role of translation in the shaping of world literature, it develops a comparison between two rewritings of Shakespeare into Italian dialects: Eduardo De Filippo’s translation of The Tempest into Neapolitan and Luigi Meneghello’s translation of Hamlet into vicentino. The essay underlines how these endeavors represent translations into languages that, at the time of writing, are considered by their authors in decline and doomed to extinction, and argues that both authors use translation to emphasize the historical memory of their native idioms. Both De Filippo and Meneghello, in fact, set out to challenge the subordinate status of Neapolitan and vicentino by proving that dialects are apt to express great thought as well as philosophical, abstract, and theoretical concepts.
A Corpus, Not a Canon (Nor an Anthology)
Authors: Toorawa Shawkat M.
Published: June 2019

The Library of Arabic Literature was established through a grant from the New York University Abu Dhabi Institute, and, in collaboration with NYU Press, is publishing 75 significant works of Arabic literature, primarily from the 7th–19th centuries, from the widest possible range of genres. These appear on facing Arabic and English pages—the editions of the Arabic are authoritative, though not necessarily critical, relying in most cases on manuscript originals; the translations are into modern, lucid English, not “industry standard.” The article describes the Library’s conception, its methods, and how, in trying to achieve its ultimate goal of introducing the rich, largely untapped Arabic literary heritage to scholarly and general audiences, it rejects the notion of canon in favor of the notion of a corpus, not one it establishes, but one to which it contributes.
The First Slovenian Novel and the Literary World-System
Authors: Habjan Jernej
Published: June 2019

The first Slovenian novel is yet to be read in a way that is both comparative and sociological. For while Slovenian studies treats the emergence of the Slovenian novel sociologically but not comparatively, comparative literature studies views it comparatively yet not sociologically. This gap can be filled by the perspective of the literary world-system. Moreover, this viewpoint can subtilize the thesis of Slovenian studies that the belatedness of the Slovenian novel is part of the belatedness of the Slovenian bourgeoisie as well as the comparatist thesis that the Slovenian novel became possible only after the end of the possibility of the traditional European novel. The world-systemic approach can grasp this belatedness as a social fact that speaks less of the Slovenian novel’s essence than of the structural relations between Slovenian culture and its European social environment.