bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value Chain Identification and Impact of the Music Industry on Employment in Serbia
Authors: Kovačević Igor , Hristov Stančić Branislava
Published: September 2024

Research Question: The aim of paper is to identify value chain of the music industry and to determine the impact of music industry on employment in Serbia. Motivation: Creative industry is a very attractive topic among both scholars and professionals. A total of 52 sectors are considered as creative industry sectors, including music industry. Our goal was to identify the impact of the music industry on the economy, in addition to the entertaining and amusement value of the music. In order to do so, our goal was to understand all the sub-sectors and activities within music industries. Idea: Although excising NACE nomenclature of activities is rigid, our goal was to identify music industry activities within NACE codes, and to define how the value creation is distributed among various activities within the music industry value chain. Data: Measuring employment is based on combining data from the official statistics entities. Tools: Research required data on the four-digit level of activity (NACE), that were cross-referenced with the findings of the primary research and defined value chain activities of the music industries. Findings: The paper analyses the complexity of the value creation and value chain in the creative industries, specifically in the music industry. Findings support excising literature review and confirms complexity of the value chain in the music industries. In addition, the paper adds value to the scientific research by presenting novel approach that is based on using the Porter value chain model in the music industry and identifying a total of 29 activities within. Further, using created value chain model, paper results demonstrate the impact of the music industry on the employment in Serbia, that has been growing over the analysed period, no matter the COVID-19 crisis. Contribution: The paper expands the existing research related to creative industries and formulates the music industry value chain activities. The significance of this paper stems from the fact that, similar to other sectors within the creative industries, music industry is insufficiently covered by the data of the national statistical authorities. In addition,the paper measures the music industry impact on the employment in Serbia.
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia: A Latin American Perspective
Authors: Riquelme Arnoldo , Silva Felipe , Reyes Diego , Latorre Gonzalo
Published: September 2024

Gastric cancer (GC), a significant cause of mortality globally, is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Latin American men. GC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage; therefore, therapeutic options are limited, and prognosis is poor. Helicobacter pylori infection remains the primary risk factor for GC; therefore, primary prevention directed toward diagnosis and treatment (“test-and-treat” strategy) is important. Western medicine guidelines recommend esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for at-risk individuals aged >40 years with regular surveillance in patients with gastric premalignant conditions (GPMC). However, limited availability of EGD in Latin America necessitates development of risk stratification tools to minimize the endoscopic burden. Results from the Chilean “Endoscopic Cohort and Histological Operative Link on Gastric Assessment (OLGA) Staging” (ECHOS study), propose endoscopic surveillance of advanced GPMC (OLGA/Operative Link for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia [OLGIM] stages III–IV) with reliable risk stratification to facilitate early GC detection. Ensuring high-quality EGD and enhanced diagnostic yield of GPMC is essential. GPMC grading tools, such as the Kimura-Takemoto or Endoscopic Grading of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia classification, should be incorporated into the regular risk assessment protocol. However, obtaining mapping gastric biopsies using standardized methods such as the updated Sydney System biopsy protocol, followed by grading of chronic atrophic gastritis with or without intestinal metaplasia using the OLGA and OLGIM staging systems are preferred for GC risk stratification. Recent GC prevention strategies recommended in Chile include a “test-and-treat” approach for H. pylori in individuals aged 35–44 years and combined H. pylori/pepsinogen I–II serology and EGD evaluation in patients aged >45 years to optimize the limited preventive resources available in the region.
Novel Technique to Diagnose Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Dao Hang Viet , Nguyen Binh Phuc , Luu Hue Thi Minh , Hoang Long Bao
Published: September 2024

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is commonly encountered in clinical practice, has become increasingly prevalent in Asia in recent years. Definitive diagnosis of GERD requires upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and ambulatory pH monitoring and is therefore challenging. Endoscopic lesions are usually not incorporated into the diagnostic criteria, and pH monitoring is expensive, complicated, and uncomfortable for patients. Studies have investigated novel methods for diagnosis of GERD. Mucosal integrity, evaluated by mucosal admittance or impedance, is impaired in GERD owing to microscopic epithelial changes. Measurement of mucosal integrity is simple and can be performed endoscopically. Mucosal impedance has been investigated as a method to differentiate between GERD, non-GERD, and eosinophilic esophagitis, and mucosal admittance provides evidence to support diagnosis of GERD. Further research on these novel techniques is warranted to incorporate these into the diagnostic modalities used for GERD.
Prevention of Gastric Cancer: Helicobacter pylori Treatment
Authors: Ahn Ji Yong
Published: September 2024

Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with various gastric diseases, including ulcers, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas. Over 40 years since the discovery of H. pylori, numerous studies have shown that H. pylori eradication therapy can help prevent gastric cancer not only in healthy individuals but also in patients who have already been treated for early gastric cancer. Moreover, some studies have shown that eradication therapy can improve gastric mucosal inflammatory diseases, such as atrophic changes and intestinal metaplasia. This article reviews the epidemiology of H. pylori infections and gastric cancer, mechanisms of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer development, and current evidence supporting the benefits of H. pylori eradication for reducing or preventing gastric cancer.
Performance of the National Cancer Screening Program for Gastric Cancer in Korea
Authors: Kim Young-Il
Published: September 2024

In Korea, the National Cancer Screening Program for Gastric Cancer (NCSP-GC) was implemented in 1999 to reduce the mortality associated with gastric cancer, the most common cancer in Korea until 2018. In 2021, approximately 7.76 million screening endoscopies were performed as part of the NCSP-GC, including 10664 participants (37.2% of the total gastric cancer cases in 2021; 10909 of the 29361 cases) with histologically confirmed gastric cancer, according to data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The endoscopic screening component of the NCSP-GC has contributed to the early detection of gastric cancer and the reduction of its mortality. This review evaluates the performance and limitations of the endoscopic screening component of the NCSP-GC and discusses strategies to overcome limitations.
Construyendo Conexiones: La transformación arquitectónica de la manzana del Banco de Chile
Authors:   , Padilla Flores Esteban
Published: September 2024

Esta tesis investiga la manzana donde se ubican las oficinas centrales del Banco de Chile en Santiago. Durante casi un siglo, el banco ha adaptado y conectado los edificios en esta área para crear un edificio-manzana, una unidad mayor compuesta por unidades pequeñas con diferentes características arquitectónicas adaptadas a usos no previstos originalmente. La tesis también aborda la alta densidad del centro de Santiago y propone usos complementarios con actividades deportivas para mejorar el entorno laboral de los empleados del banco y de la ciudad, explorando cómo a través de la arquitectura se puede incorporar el deporte en zonas urbanas densamente pobladas, abriendo la discusión para otros áreas del centro de la ciudad.
Agronomic Interventions for Alleviating Water Stress and Optimizing Productivity of Field Crops: A Review
Authors: Raksha  , Sharma Shivani , Dhankar Amit , Rana Mahesh , Shiksha  , Kumar Kuldeep , Thakur Abha
Published: September 2024

Water scarcity is the most significant concern facing agriculture today. Agriculture currently utilizes more than 70% of the world's freshwater, with much of it lost through evaporation, leaching and runoff. Drought escape and drought tolerance are the two significant mechanisms for plant growth under water-stressed conditions. Drought, a primary abiotic factor, limits crop productivity. It is a climatic phenomenon characterized by a prolonged lack of rainfall, resulting in moisture loss from the soil and a lack of water potential in plant tissues. It prevents the crop from obtaining its potential yield and substantially reduces crop production. Field crop rely on rainfall and are vulnerable to unpredictable drought stress throughout their vegetative and reproductive growth cycle. Drought stress is typical during the flowering stage in mostly crops, resulting in lower yield when cultivated with scarce rainfall. It can be reduced through agronomic means, such as mulching, tillage, intercropping and nutrient management, as well as chemical measures, such as the use of soil additives herbal hydrogel (Gond katira), foliar spray of salicylic acid and potassium nitrate. Herbal hydrgel helps in reducing the effect of drought stress on plants while also promoting increased plant growth and opverall performance. Foliar application of salicylic acid boosted bioactive chemical synthesis in the presence of water deficiency. Potassium nitrate to enhance water uptake, promote longer pod length and improve drought tolerance in plants.
Factors Affecting Farmers’ Attitude towards Climate Resilient Agricultural Technologies in Telangana, India
Authors: Naik Boda Mahesh , Singh A.K. , Maji Saikat , Venkatesan P.
Published: September 2024

Agriculture and climate change are interdependent processes on a global scale. To address the climatic risks in agriculture, adopting climate-resilient practices from the National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project instead of traditional cropping methods is a strategy that not only enhances agricultural sustainability but also boosts farmers' income. Farmers' attitude is vital in the adoption of new technology. This paper examines the factors influencing farmers' attitude towards climate-resilient technologies under the NICRA project in the Suryapet and Khammam districts of Telangana, India. An ex-post facto research design was employed, with a sample of 200 respondents selected through a multistage simple random sampling technique. The profile characteristics viz., education, annual income, landholding, economic motivation, and innovative proneness, demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with farmers' attitude, as indicated by the correlation coefficient. Additionally, occupation and the farming system showed a significant positive association with attitude through the chi-square test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified factors such as water resource availability, economic motivation, risk-taking ability, education, individual and mass media exposure, and landholding as having a significant effect on farmers' attitude. To enhance the adoption of climate-resilient technologies under the NICRA project, efforts should focus on improving farmers' education, economic motivation, and access to water resources. Additionally, leveraging individual and mass media exposure can further strengthen positive attitude towards these technologies, ultimately leading to greater agricultural sustainability and increased income for farmers.
Aspectos Neuropsicológicos e Uso de Drogas em Adolescentes Autores de Ato Infracional: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: V. Corrêa Pedro , A. C.  Cunha Nychollas , M. Almeida Rosa Maria
Published: September 2024

The behavior of confl ict with the law engendered by adolescents is a phenomenon of great social impact that needs to be approached from an interdisciplinary perspective, considering it in the biopsychosocial context of human development. The study of this topic demonstrates the need to understand, through neuropsychological assessment, the expressions of self-control and the possibility of rehabilitation and social inclusion of these individuals. Considering this important issue, based on neuropsychology, we reviewed and described the variables: executive functions, anger, impulsivity, psychopathic traits, and drug use in studies with adolescents in conditions of deprivation of liberty due to criminal off enses. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used, and the searches took place in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, totaling 44 articles. The evidence indicated relations between high psychopathic traits and high anger and low inhibitory control, with or without drug use, present in violent behavior outcomes. The evidence was interpreted considering the presence of a relation between the studied variables and these with the infraction, characterizing them as essential in the neuropsychological description of adolescents. This context indicates the need to update empirical data on the prevalence of drug use and executive functions. Together with other neuropsychological and psychosocial aspects, these functions contribute to neuropsychological interventions with adolescents in confl ict with the law and deprived of liberty in socio-educational institutions.Keywords:Executive functions, anger, impulsivity, psychopathic traits, adolescence
Assessing climate impacts and risks of ocean albedo modification in the Arctic
Authors: Mengis N. , Martin T. , Keller D. P. , Oschlies A.
Published: April 2016

The ice albedo feedback is one of the key factors of accelerated temperature increase in the high northern latitudes under global warming. This study assesses climate impacts and risks of idealized Arctic Ocean albedo modification (AOAM), a proposed climate engineering method, during transient climate change simulations with varying representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. We find no potential for reversing trends in all assessed Arctic climate metrics under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. AOAM only yields an initial offset during the first years after implementation. Nevertheless, sea ice loss can be delayed by 25(60) years in the RCP8.5(RCP4.5) scenario and the delayed thawing of permafrost soils in the AOAM simulations prevents up to 40(32) Pg of carbon from being released by 2100. AOAM initially dampens the decline of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning and delays the onset of open ocean deep convection in the Nordic Seas under the RCP scenarios. Both these processes cause a subsurface warming signal in the AOAM simulations relative to the default RCP simulations with the potential to destabilize Arctic marine gas hydrates. Furthermore, in 2100, the RCP8.5 AOAM simulation diverts more from the 2005–2015 reference state in many climate metrics than the RCP4.5 simulation without AOAM. Considering the demonstrated risks, we conclude that concerning longer time scales, reductions in emissions remain the safest and most effective way to prevent severe changes in the Arctic.
An innovative approach to improve SRTM DEM using multispectral imagery and artificial neural network
Authors: Wendi Dadiyorto , Liong Shie‐Yui , Sun Yabin , doan Chi Dung
Published: April 2016

Although the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission [SRTM) data are a publicly accessible Digital Elevation Model [DEM) provided at no cost, its accuracy especially at forested area is known to be limited with root mean square error (RMSE) of approx. 14 m in Singapore's forested area. Such inaccuracy is attributed to the 5.6 cm wavelength used by SRTM that does not penetrate vegetation well. This paper considers forested areas of central catchment of Singapore as a proof of concept of an approach to improve the SRTM data set. The approach makes full use of (1) the introduction of multispectral imagery (Landsat 8), of 30 m resolution, into SRTM data; (2) the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to flex its known strengths in pattern recognition and; (3) a reference DEM of high accuracy (1 m) derived through the integration of stereo imaging of worldview‐1 and extensive ground survey points. The study shows a series of significant improvements of the SRTM when assessed with the reference DEM of 2 different areas, with RMSE reduction of ∼68% (from 13.9 m to 4.4 m) and ∼52% (from 14.2 m to 6.7 m). In addition, the assessment of the resulting DEM also includes comparisons with simple denoising methodology (Low Pass Filter) and commercially available product called NEXTMap® World 30™.
Value of long‐term streamflow forecasts to reservoir operations for water supply in snow‐dominated river catchments
Authors: Anghileri D. , Voisin N. , Castelletti A. , Pianosi F. , Nijssen B. , Lettenmaier D. P.
Published: April 2016

We present a forecast‐based adaptive management framework for water supply reservoirs and evaluate the contribution of long‐term inflow forecasts to reservoir operations. Our framework is developed for snow‐dominated river basins that demonstrate large gaps in forecast skill between seasonal and inter‐annual time horizons. We quantify and bound the contribution of seasonal and inter‐annual forecast components to optimal, adaptive reservoir operation. The framework uses an Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) approach to generate retrospective, one‐year‐long streamflow forecasts based on the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrology model. We determine the optimal sequence of daily release decisions using the Model Predictive Control (MPC) optimization scheme. We then assess the forecast value by comparing system performance based on the ESP forecasts with the performances based on climatology and perfect forecasts. We distinguish among the relative contributions of the seasonal component of the forecast versus the inter‐annual component by evaluating system performance based on hybrid forecasts, which are designed to isolate the two contributions. As an illustration, we first apply the forecast‐based adaptive management framework to a specific case study, i.e., Oroville Reservoir in California, and we then modify the characteristics of the reservoir and the demand to demonstrate the transferability of the findings to other reservoir systems. Results from numerical experiments show that, on average, the overall ESP value in informing reservoir operation is 35% less than the perfect forecast value and the inter‐annual component of the ESP forecast contributes 20–60% of the total forecast value.
Earlier onset of the spring fine dust season in the southwestern United States
Authors: Hand J. L. , White W. H. , Gebhart K. A. , Hyslop N. P. , Gill T. E. , Schichtel B. A.
Published: April 2016

Particulate matter (PM)2.5 dust concentrations (mineral particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm) typically peak in spring and early summer at rural and remote sites across the southwestern United States. Trend analyses indicate that springtime regional mean PM2.5 dust concentrations have increased from 1995 to 2014, especially in March (5.4% yr−1, p < 0.01). This increase reflects an earlier onset of the spring dust season across the Southwest by 1 to 2 weeks over the 20 year time period. March dust concentrations were strongly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (r = −0.65, p < 0.01), which was mostly in its negative phase from 2007 to 2014, during which the region was drier, windier, and less vegetated. The positive spring trend and its association with large‐scale climate variability have several important implications for visibility, particulate matter, health effects, and the hydrologic cycle in the region.
Geomechanical analysis of fluid injection and seismic fault slip for theMw4.8 Timpson, Texas, earthquake sequence
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Eichhubl Peter , Gale Julia F. W.
Published: April 2016

An earthquake sequence that culminated in aMw4.8 strike‐slip event near Timpson, east Texas, the largest reported earthquake to date in that region, had previously been attributed to wastewater injection starting 17 months before the onset of recorded seismic activity. To test if this earthquake sequence can be attributed to wastewater injection, we conducted coupled poroelastic finite element simulations to assess the spatial and temporal evolution of pore pressure and stress field in the vicinity of the injection wells and to calculate the Coulomb failure stress on the seismogenic fault as a function of the permeability of the injection layer, fault orientation, fault permeability, and orientation and magnitude of the in situ stress. We find that injection‐induced fault slip is plausible within the range of selected model input parameters, with slip favored by low reservoir permeability, low fault permeability, and a favorable orientation of the fault relative to the in situ stress state. Other combinations of equally plausible input parameters predict no slip within 96 months of simulated injection. Under most favorable boundary conditions for fault slip, fault slip occurs 7 months after the start of injection. Our results highlight the importance of detailed geomechanical site characterization for robust fault stability assessment prior to wastewater injection.
Bifunctional Nickel Phosphide Nanocatalysts Supported on Carbon Fiber Paper for Highly Efficient and Stable Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Li Wei , Xiong Dehua , Petrovykh Dmitri Y. , Liu Lifeng
Published: April 2016

Self‐supported electrodes comprising carbon fiber paper (CP) integrated with bifunctional nickel phosphide (Ni‐P) electrocatalysts are fabricated by electrodeposition of Ni on functionalized CP, followed by a convenient one‐step phosphorization treatment in phosphorus vapor at 500 °C. The as‐fabricated CP@Ni‐P electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution in both acidic and alkaline solutions, with only small overpotentials of 162 and 250 mV, respectively, attaining a cathodic current density of 100 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the CP@Ni‐P electrode also exhibits superior catalytic performance toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). An exceptionally high OER current of 50.4 mA cm−2 is achieved at an overpotential of 0.3 V in 1.0 m KOH. The electrode can sustain 10 mA cm−2 for 180 h with only negligible degradation, showing outstanding durability. Detailed microstructural and compositional studies reveal that upon OER in alkaline solution the surface Ni‐P is transformed to NiO covered with a thin Ni(OH)x layer, forming a Ni‐P/NiO/Ni(OH)x heterojunction, which presumably enhances the electrocatalytic performance for OER. Given the well‐defined bifunctionality, a full alkaline electrolyzer is constructed using two identical CP@Ni‐P electrodes as cathode and anode, respectively, which can realize overall water splitting with efficiency as high as 91.0% at 10 mA cm−2 for 100 h.
Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumor by Tumor‐Triggered Programmed Wormlike Micelles with Precise Targeting and Deep Penetration
Authors: Zeng Lijuan , Zou Lili , Yu Haijun , He Xinyu , Cao Haiqiang , Zhang Zhiwen , Yin Qi , Zhang Pengcheng , Gu Wangwen , Chen Lingli , Li Yaping
Published: April 2016

The efficient and specific drug delivery to brain tumor is a crucial challenge for successful systemic chemotherapy. To overcome these limitations, here a tumor‐triggered programmed wormlike micelle is reported with precise targeting and deep penetration to treat malignant gliomas, which is composed of pH‐responsive mPEG‐b‐PDPA copolymer and bioreducible cyclic RGD peptide targeted cytotoxic emtansine (DM1) conjugates (RGD‐DM1). The RGD‐DM1 loaded nanoscaled wormlike micelles (RNW) exhibit nanometer‐sized wormlike assemblies with the transverse diameter of 21.3±1.8 nm and length within 60–600 nm, and the RGD targeting peptide in RNW is 4.2% in weight. RNW can be dissociated at intracellular acidic environments to release RGD‐DM1, and be further degraded into DM1 by cleavage of disulfide bonds in the reductive milieu. In particular, by exploiting the unique wormlike structure and the RGD targeting peptide modification, RNW can be endowed with obviously enhanced drug delivery to brain, precise targeting to brain tumor, deep penetration into tumor mass, and efficient internalization into glioma cells in a programmed manner, thereby surprisingly leading to an 88.9% inhibition on tumor progression in an orthotopic brain tumor model. Therefore, the properly designed RNW can provide a promising delivery platform for systemic chemotherapy of brain tumor.
The Rebound Motion of Liquid Metal Droplet on Flexible Micro/Nano Needle Forest
Authors: Wang Lei , He Zhizhu , Ding Yujie , Zhou Xuyan , Liu Jing
Published: April 2016

A polymer‐based micro/nanostructured needle forest with high resistance property to liquid metal (Ga90In10, LM) droplet is reported, whose radius, aspect ratio (AR), and space can be adjusted as desired. The impact response motion of LM on the needles with different AR is observed. On the needle forest AR5 and space of 100 μm, the LM droplet can impact and rebound off easily. During the impacting processes, the flexible needles can bend under gravity of LM droplet and store energy, i.e., the kinetic energy of LM segmentally transfers into elastic energy of needles over their bending process. The stored energy in needles then turns to drive LM droplet to rebound off the surface in the recovery process. Compared with the flat surface and other needle forests with different AR
x
, the AR5 exhibits more resistance with LM. Further, the elastic theory is applied to interpret the LM driving mechanism and the reason to effectively overcome the high density of the metal droplet. The present finding suggests an important way of driving the LM droplet on micro/nanostructured surfaces which would hold big potential in heavy liquid metal transport field.
Organothiol‐Based Hybrid‐Layer Strategy for High‐Performance Copper Adhesion and Stress‐Migration via Simultaneous Oxide Reduction
Authors: Xiao Qiran , Watson Brian L. , Dauskardt Reinhold H.
Published: April 2016

The presence of defective native copper‐oxide (CuxO) remains a challenge for device technologies owing to its detrimental effects on the adhesion, moisture sensitivity and stress‐migration. Here we demonstrate a rapid, single‐step, and organic‐solvent‐free sol‐gel deposition process that is capable of simultaneously reducing the weak native Cu‐oxide while forming a densely connected Cu/hybrid interface. A marked 9‐fold improvement in adhesion is reported, along with a substantial decrease in the Cu stress‐migration rate during in‐situ isothermal stress‐relaxation experiments. The enhanced Cu/hybrid interface adhesion and the improved Cu stress‐migration performance were attributed to the partial reduction of the ~2 nm native Cu2O layer as demonstrated via atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The hybrid‐layer strategy we developed is expected to be effective in not only being a strong candidate for adhesion improvement to Cu, but in promoting Cu stress‐ and the related electro‐migration performance.
High‐Performance Small Molecule via Tailoring Intermolecular Interactions and its Application in Large‐Area Organic Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Badgujar Sachin , Lee Gang‐Young , Park Taiho , Song Chang Eun , Park Sangheon , Oh Sora , Shin Won Suk , Moon Sang‐Jin , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Lee Sang Kyu
Published: April 2016

Solution‐processed organic solar cells are promising owing to their light weight, ease of processability, low cost, flexibility, and large‐area fabrication. Particularly, small‐molecule active materials have been recently developed using straightforward synthesizing methods, exhibiting the least batch‐to‐batch variation in physical and optoelectronic properties and highly reproducible efficiency. A series of 2D‐BDT‐based active materials with various numbers of benzodithiophene (BDT) units and how the number of 2D‐BDT units influences the construction of a well‐defined interconnected structure are reported. The systematically controlled morphology of the 2D‐BDT material helps achieve a high power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.56% and a high fill factor of 0.73 without the use of additives. The reduced charge recombination and well‐constructed morphology of this material facilitate a PCE of 7.45% in a 77.8 cm2 rigid module, which is the outstanding performance in large‐area modules.
(Enantio)selective Hydrogen Autotransfer: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones from Urea and Diols
Authors: Peña‐López Miguel , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: April 2016

A novel strategy for the synthesis of oxazolidin‐2‐ones from vicinal diols and urea is described. In this heterocycle synthesis, two different C−O and C−N bonds are sequentially formed in a domino process consisting of nucleophilic substitution and alcohol amination. The use of readily available starting materials and the good atom economy render this process environmentally benign. While this transformation is already highly chemo‐ and regioselective, we also developed the first asymmetric version of this method using (R)‐(+)‐MeO‐BIPHEP as the chiral ligand.
Oxidative trans to cis Isomerization of Olefins in Polyketide Biosynthesis
Authors: Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Tsunematsu Yuta , Hara Kodai , Suzuki Tomohiro , Kishimoto Shinji , Kawagishi Hirokazu , Noguchi Hiroshi , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Tang Yi , Hotta Kinya , Watanabe Kenji
Published: April 2016

Geometric isomerization can expand the scope of biological activities of natural products. The observed chemical diversity among the pseurotin‐type fungal secondary metabolites is in part generated by a trans to cis isomerization of an olefin. In vitro characterizations of pseurotin biosynthetic enzymes revealed that the glutathione S‐transferase PsoE requires participation of the bifunctional C‐methyltransferase/epoxidase PsoF to complete the trans to cis isomerization of the pathway intermediate presynerazol. The crystal structure of the PsoE/glutathione/presynerazol complex indicated stereospecific glutathione–presynerazol conjugate formation is the principal function of PsoE. Moreover, PsoF was identified to have an additional, unexpected oxidative isomerase activity, thus making it a trifunctional enzyme which is key to the complexity generation in pseurotin biosynthesis. Through the study, we identified a novel mechanism of accomplishing a seemingly simple trans to cis isomerization reaction.
Synthesis of Di‐peri‐dinaphthoporphyrins by PtCl2‐Mediated Cyclization of Quinodimethane‐type Porphyrins
Authors: Umetani Masataka , Naoda Koji , Tanaka Takayuki , Lee Seung‐Kyu , Oh Juwon , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: April 2016

Di‐peri‐dinaphthoporphyrins can be regarded as a key and common substructure of fused porphyrinoids. PtCl2‐mediated cycloisomerization reaction of quinodimethane‐type porphyrins provided these doubly fused porphyrins, which exhibit characteristic paratropic ring currents that presumably arise from 24π antiaromatic circuit as a dominant resonance contributor. UV/Vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry, and excited‐state dynamics as well as theoretical calculation support this conclusion.
Structure‐Dependent cis/trans Isomerization of Tetraphenylethene Derivatives: Consequences for Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Zhang Chong‐Jing , Feng Guangxue , Xu Shidang , Zhu Zhenshu , Lu Xianmao , Wu Jien , Liu Bin
Published: April 2016

The isomerization and optical properties of the cis and trans isomers of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives with aggregation‐induced emission (AIEgens) have been sparsely explored. We have now observed the tautomerization‐induced isomerization of a hydroxy‐substituted derivative, TPETH‐OH, under acidic but not under basic conditions. Replacing the proton of the hydroxy group in TPETH‐OH with an alkyl group leads to the formation of TPETH‐MAL, for which the pure cis and trans isomers were obtained and characterized by HPLC analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Importantly, cis‐TPETH‐MAL emits yellow fluorescence in DMSO at −20 °C whereas trans‐TPETH‐MAL shows red fluorescence under the same conditions. Moreover, the geometry of cis‐ and trans‐TPETH‐MAL remains unchanged when they undergo thiol–ene reactions to form cis‐ and trans‐TPETH‐cRGD, respectively. Collectively, our findings improve our fundamental understanding of the cis/trans isomerization and photophysical properties of TPE derivatives, which will guide further AIEgen design for various applications.
Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Transfer Hydrogenative Couplings of Unactivated Aldehydes with Simple Alkenes
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Long , Liu Yan‐Yao , Wu Yi‐Mei , Wang Yin‐Xia , Lin Yu‐Tong , Ye Mengchun
Published: April 2016

An FeBr3‐catalyzed reductive coupling of various aldehydes with alkenes that proceeds through a direct hydride transfer pathway has been developed. With iPrOH as the hydrogen donor under mild conditions, previously challenging coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl and aryl aldehydes with simple alkenes, such as styrene derivatives and α‐olefins, proceeded smoothly to furnish a diverse range of functionalized alcohols with complete linear regioselectivity.
Significant Differences in Sympathetic Nerve Fiber Density Among the Facial Skin Nerves: A Histologic Study Using Human Cadaveric Specimens
Authors: Matsubayashi Tadatoshi , Cho Kwang Ho , Jang Hyung Suk , Murakami Gen , Yamamoto Masahito , Abe Shin‐Ichi
Published: April 2016

Sympathetic nerve fibers in the skin nerves are connected with vasomotor, thermoregulatory, sensory input modulatory, and immunologic events; however, to our knowledge, no histological information is available for skin nerves in the human face. Using specimens from 17 donated cadavers (mean age, 86 years), we measured a sectional area of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive fibers in (1) the frontal nerve (V1), (2) the infraorbital nerve (V2), (3) the mental nerve (V3), (4) the greater auricular nerve (C2), (5) the auriculotemporal nerve (ATN), and (6) the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve (VII). The V1, V2, and V3 were obtained at their entrances to the subcutaneous tissue from the bony canal or notch. The V1, C2, ATN, and/or VII usually contained abundant TH‐positive fibers (almost 3%–8% of the nerve sectional area), whereas the V2 and V3 consistently carried few TH‐positive fibers (<1%). The difference between these two groups was quite significant (P < 0.001). Thus, from the superior cervical ganglion, the sympathetic nerve fibers reached the forehead through the frontal nerve trunk, whereas artery‐bounded fibers came to the cheek, nose, and mouth. The sympathetic palsy caused by trigeminal nerve involvement is mainly characterized by the symptoms seen in the distribution of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, such as in Horner's syndrome. It suggests that the forehead and the other facial areas are representative parts of those different sympathetic innervations that could be useful for evaluating the sympathetic function of the face in various diseases. Anat Rec, 299:1054–1059, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoluminescence properties of annealed natural quartz after beta irradiation
Authors: Yüksel Mehmet , Dogan Tamer , Unsal Emre , Portakal Z. Gizem , Akca Sibel , Yegingil Zehra , Topaksu Mustafa
Published: April 2016

Here we investigated the effects of annealing, heating rate and fading (after annealing at 800 °C) on the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of natural quartz (NQ). All of the samples were annealed at different temperatures between 100 °C and 800 °C and then irradiated with a beta dose of about 34 Gray (Gy), in order to determine the effects of annealing treatments on TL peaks of natural quartz. TL glow curves of the samples were recorded. It was observed that the intensities of TL peaks were strongly sensitive to annealing temperatures at 800 °C. The heating rate and fading effect of TL peaks of natural quartz were examined for the annealed samples at 800 °C for 30 min. It was observed that the intensities of the TL peaks were differently affected from heating rate and fading. Additionally, TL kinetic parameters (activation energy, frequency factor and order of kinetics) of all peaks were determined for annealed samples using a computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method and Mathematica software. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uranium luminescence in La2Zr2O7: effect of concentration and annealing temperature
Authors: Mohapatra M. , Rajeswari B. , Hon N. S. , Kadam R. M.
Published: April 2016

The speciation of a particular element in any given matrix is a prerequisite to understanding its solubility and leaching properties. In this context, speciation of uranium in lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore (La2Zr2O7 = LZO), prepared by a low‐temperature combustion route, was carried out using a simple photoluminescence lifetime technique. The LZO matrix is considered to be a potential ceramic host for fixing nuclear and actinide waste products generated during the nuclear fuel cycle. Special emphasis has been given to understanding the dynamics of the uranium species in the host as a function of annealing temperature and concentration. It was found that, in the LZO host, uranium is stabilized as the commonly encountered uranyl species (UO22+) up to a heat treatment of 500 °C at the surface. Above 500 °C, the uranyl ion is diffused into the matrix as the more symmetric octahedral uranate species (UO66–). The uranate ions thus formed replace the six‐coordinated ‘Zr’ atoms at regular lattice positions. Further, it was observed that concentration quenching takes place beyond 5 mol% of uranium doping. The mechanism of the quenching was found to be a multipolar interaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Characterization of TPGS‐Colloidal Silica Microparticles for Enhancement of Solubility and Oral Bioavailability of Lercanidipine Hydrochloride
Authors: Ha Eun‐Sol , Baek In‐hwan , Kim Min‐Soo
Published: April 2016

In this study, colloidal silica microparticles containing solubilizing excipient were prepared using the spray‐drying process to enhance dissolution and oral absorption of lercanidipine hydrochloride. Several measurements including scanning electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, particle size determination, in vitro dissolution, and pharmacokinetic study were conducted in rats. Among the tested solubilizing excipients, d‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) dramatically enhanced the solubility of lercanidipine hydrochloride through micelle solubilization. In addition, TPGS‐colloidal silica microparticles at the ratio of 1:10:10 (drug:TPGS:colloidal silica) showed rapid dissolution rate in all dissolution media and displayed higher area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration values compared with raw lercanidipine hydrochloride. Therefore, amorphous TPGS‐colloidal silica microparticles fabricated using the spray‐drying process have great potential in the clinical application of lercanidipine hydrochloride.
High levels of histone H3 acetylation at the CMV promoter are predictive of stable expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Moritz Benjamin , Woltering Laura , Becker Peter B. , Göpfert Ulrich
Published: April 2016

Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) are widely used in the production of glycosylated therapeutic proteins such as antibodies. During expansion and maintenance, CHO cell lines are prone to production instability, which may be caused by promoter silencing, loss of transgene copies, or post‐transcriptional effects. Silencing of recombinant genes may be accompanied by DNA methylation and histone modification. Previously, we demonstrated that cytosine methylation of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter/enhancer (hCMV‐MIE) can be used to predict instability of antibody‐producing CHO cell lines. However, the high rate of false prediction motivates the search for further markers of stable promoter activity. To this end, we correlated a variety of histone modifications in the vicinity of hCMV‐MIE with production stability over time. Our results suggest that acetylation of histone H3 (H3ac) is a more effective indicator of production stability than DNA methylation. Selecting cell lines with highest CMV promoter H3ac levels enriches stable expressors and improves the average stability of production cell lines. For histone H3 acetylation measurement we employed a method based on chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). In its current form, the method is suitable to evaluate 10−20 cell lines within a few days. We propose to determine H3 acetylation once the number of candidate cell lines has been narrowed based on productivity and product quality. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:776–786, 2016
Controlled inactivation of Trichophyton rubrum using shaped electrical pulse bursts: Parametric analysis
Authors: Novickij Vitalij , Grainys Audrius , Švedienė Jurgita , Paškevičius Algimantas , Novickij Jurij
Published: April 2016

The dermatophytes infect the skin by adherence to the epidermis followed by germination, growth, and penetration of the fungal hyphae within the cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the pulsed electric fields (PEF) of controlled inactivation of Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188). In this work, we have used bursts of the square wave PEF pulses of different intensity (10–30 kV/cm) to induce the irreversible inactivation in vitro. The electric field pulses of 50 µs and 100 µs have been generated in bursts of 5, 10, and 20 pulses with repetition frequency of 1 Hz. The dynamics of the inactivation using different treatment parameters were studied and the inactivation map for the T. rubrum has been defined. Further, the combined effect of PEF with the antifungal agents itraconazole, terbinafine, and naftifine HCl was investigated. It has been demonstrated that the combined effect results in the full inactivation of T. rubrum colony. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1056–1060, 2016
ChemInform Abstract: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ARSENIC IN AS(III)‐OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
Authors: PERTLIK F.
Published: April 2016

Die Sauerstoff‐Koordinationssphäre in Arseniten ist mit drei "primären" O‐Atomen (As‐O‐Abstand = 1.78 Å) besetzt, zu denen in Abhängigkeit vom Arsenit‐Typ bis zu drei weitere, "sekundäre" O‐Atome (As‐O‐Abstände 2.70‐3.37 Å) hinzukommen.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE PRETREATMENT ON THE PHOTOCURRENT‐VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF THE N‐GALLIUM ARSENIDE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE
Authors: VAN MEIRHAEGHE R. L. , CARDON F. , GOMES W. P.
Published: April 2016

An geätzten und geschliffenen n‐GaAs‐Einkristallen wird die Abhängigkeit des Photostromes von der Spannung,der Wellenlänge des eingestrahlten Lichtes und von der Beleuchtungsstärke untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION ENTHALPIES OF SOLID ALLOYS OF THE BINARY SYSTEMS OF IRON, COBALT, AND NICKEL WITH GERMANIUM AND TIN
Authors: PREDEL B. , VOGELBEIN W.
Published: April 2016

Die für die Systeme Fe‐Ge, Co‐Ge, Ni‐Ge, Fe‐Sn, Co ‐Sn und Ni‐Sn lösungskalorimetrisch mit flüssigem Sn als Lösungsmittel gemessenen Enthalpien der Legierungsbildung sind negativ.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF ZINC MOLYBDATE
Authors: VARADARAJAN T. K. , VISWANATHAN B. , SASTRI M. V. C.
Published: April 2016

Die DTA‐Kurve für die Reaktion zwischen ZnO und MoO3 (1:1) zeigt einen breiten, aber flachen endothermen Einbruch im Bereich 100‐500°C, der sowohl auf den Verlust von Feuchtigkeit als auch auf die Reaktion zwischen den Oxiden zurückzuführen ist (wobei beide Effekte sich überlappen) sowie einen endothermen Peak bei ca. 750°C, der einer polymorphen Umwandlung des Molybdats entspricht (wie sie für ZnMoO4 in der Literatur beschrieben wird).
ChemInform Abstract: B.E.T. CONSTANTS FOR THE DISSOLUTION OF WATER IN SOME MOLTEN MIXTURES OF SILVER NITRATE AND THALLIUM NITRATE
Authors: ABRAHAM M.‐C. , ABRAHAM M. , SANGSTER J.
Published: April 2016

Die B.E.T.‐Konstanten für in AgNO3/TlNO3‐Schmelzen gelöstes Wasser werden über Dampfdruckmessungen bei 111°C bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: DENSITIES AND MOLAR CONDUCTIVITIES OF THE MOLTEN MIXTURES (AG‐M)BR
Authors: POILLERAT G. , BRENET J.
Published: April 2016

Die Molvolumina von (Ag‐M)Br‐Schmelzen (M: Na, K, Rb, Cs) werden in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung der Schmelzen und der Temp bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: FLOW TURBIDITY IN COLLOIDAL KAOLINITE DISPERSIONS
Authors: CHAMPION J. V. , MEETEN G. H. , MOON B. R.
Published: April 2016

Die Arbeit befaßt sich mit dem Einfluß einer laminaren Scherströmung auf die optische Trübung einer kolloidalen Dispersion.
ChemInform Abstract: THE FUSION TEMPERATURE OF TIN(II) BROMIDE
Authors: DEANS R. A. , GEANANGEL R. A. , WENDLANDT W. W.
Published: April 2016

Eine durch Überleiten von HBr‐Gas über eine Sn‐Schmelze (280°C) und Sublimation des Produktes hergestellte SnBrQ‐ Probe wird aufgrund von Literaturunstimmigkeiten unter Einbeziehung der Schmelzpunktbestimmung vollständig charakterisiert (Röntgen‐Beugung, DTA, Mößbauer‐ Spektrum).
ChemInform Abstract: VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA AND FORCE CONSTANTS OF VARIOUS PHOSPHINE‐BORANES
Authors: HASSLER K. , HOEFLER F.
Published: April 2016

Die IR‐ und Raman‐Spektren‐von Ph3P‐BH3, Ph3P‐BD3 und (C6D5)3P‐BH3 werden aufgenommen und eine Normalkoordinatenanalyse durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: LABORATORY EXPLOSIONS
Authors: CALAMARI T. A. JUN. , TRASK B. J.
Published: April 2016

Beim azeotropen Entwässern von Tetrakishydroxymethylphosphoniumnitrat (Ib) mit Benzol aus einem Ölbad bei 105 ‐ l 10°C kam es nach mehrstündiger Destillation (in der Gasphase war kurz zuvor kein Benzol mehr nachweisbar) zu einer ungewöhnlich heftigen Explosion.
ChemInform Abstract: RADICAL ADDITIONS. 16. ADDITIONS OF OXYGENATED HETEROCYCLES TO ALLENES
Authors: MONTAUDON E. , THEPENIER J. , LALANDE R.
Published: April 2016

Tetrahydrofuran und Tetrahydropyran (I) addieren an Allen (II) zu isomeren Addukten (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THIIRENES AS INTERMEDIATES IN THE THERMOLYSIS OF 1,2,3‐THIADIAZOLES
Authors: SCHAUMANN E. , EHLERS J. , FOERSTER W.‐R. , ADIWIDJAJA G.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Thermolyse der isomeren Thiadiazole (I) in feuchtem Diethylenglykol (II) werden das Keton (III), das Thiophen (IV) sowie das (durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse (P1; Z=2) eindeutig aufgeklärte) dimere Disulfid (V) erhalten; ferner wird die Bildung des Alkins (VI) während der Thermolyse nachgewiesen.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF PHENYLSYDNONES
Authors: GOTTHARDT H. , REITER F.
Published: April 2016

Der lichtinduzierte Zerfall des Diphenylsydnons (Ia) in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln sowie in Gegenwart von Benzonitril oder 4 Chlor‐benzonitril liefert unter Kohlendioxid‐Abspaltung eine Nitrilirnin‐Zwischenstufe (II), deren Folgeprodukte teilweise isoliert und identifiziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYSES OF AZIDOTRIAZINES IN ORGANIC NITRO COMPOUNDS
Authors: GOKA T. , HASHIDA Y. , MATSUI K.
Published: April 2016

Photolyse der Azidotriazine (I) in Nitroverbindungen, z.B. in Nitroethan, führt über intermediäre Triazinylnitrene zu den Triazolotriazinen (II); durch H2O‐Zusatz zu dem Reaktionsgemisch wird die Ausb. an (IIb) auf 26% erhöht; Durchführung der Photolyse von (Ic) in Nitroethan im O2‐Strom vermindert drastisch die Ausb. an (IIc) (2%).
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED VINYLATION OF CONJUGATED DIENES
Authors: PATEL B. A. , KAO L.‐C. , CORTESE N. A. , MINKIEWICZ J. V. , HECK R. F.
Published: April 2016

Vinylbromid (I), 1,3‐Pentadien (II) und Morpholin (III) reagieren in Gegenwart von Pd‐acetat‐Komplexen, z.B. (IV), als Katalysator zum Addukt (V).