bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Load power and energy management system using proteus visual design software
Authors: Venugopal Chitra , Govender Thershen
Published: August 2020

At present, there is a serious energy crisis around the globe which impacts greatly on the power grid. A smart and user friendly energy management system can control the energy consumption. In this paper, load power and energy management system is developed and simulated using Proteus Visual Design software.  The load analysis and measurement techniques are developed for single phase and three phase loads and implemented using Arduino Mega 2560 board.  User friendly controls are developed using the visual design feature of the software to control the energy consumption. The load power management system is simulated by measuring the power consumed by various residential loads such as lights, fans, air-conditioners, heaters. The industrial loads are simulated by squirrel cage induction motor. The load analysis summary is displayed on the Arduino 2.8 inch TFT display shield in a table format. The simulaion model is created for future hardware implementation and is tested under various practical input conditions. The Proteus Visual Design software is chosen in this resesarch due to its advantages such as professional PCB layout package, availability of nearly 800 microcontrollers in the library package etc.The developed model successfully measured the energy consumption of several loads and assist the user in controlling the energy usage through automation control techniques. The accuracy of the results shows that the technique and the model developed in this research can be used by engineers, students and hobbyists who are working with energy monitoring systems and smart home applications directly. This is an ongoing project where in the next stage, the hardware design of the simulation model will be implemented and tested in real time application.
Electrical breakdown and chemical properties of polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites
Authors: Azmi A. , Lau K. Y. , Ahmad N. A. , Abdul-Malek Z. , Tan C. W.
Published: August 2020

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an inorganic material which has been introduced in polymeric insulation to improve the thermal and electrical properties of insulation. In this research, a comparative study was performed between unfilled polypropylene (PP) and PP nanocomposites containing 5 wt% of CaCO3 nanofiller. The electrical breakdown performances of unfilled PP and nanocomposites were investigated. The chemical content of the material was carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The findings showed that the introduction of CaCO3 to the PP altered the chemical bonding of the material, where two additional characteristic absorption bands appeared in the FTIR spectra of PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites. In addition, PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites had slight changes on the AC breakdown strength compared to unfilled PP. Meanwhile, the DC breakdown performance of the nanocomposites was apparently lower than that of unfilled PP. These were attributed to the agglomeration of CaCO3. 
A comprehensive study on smart cities: recent developments, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sandeep V. , V. Honagond Pallavi , S. Pujari Pooja , Kim Seong-Cheol , Reddy Salkuti Surender
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the importance and applications of smart cities in view of taxonomy in urbanization particularly in Asia and Africa economies. It describes the characteristics and architecture of smart cites and reviews on the recent technological developments. The paper analyses the social impacts due to up-gradation of existing cities. The implementation goals like policies and standards are still in progressive state. The international organizations like IEEE, ISO, IEC etc are focused in this emerging area and prepared road map for successful deployment of technologies in cities. In this way of development, there are some interesting challenges like visualization, integration, privacy etc, need to be addressed with specific and innovative solutions. The paper highlights the opportunities in developing and governance of smart cities.
Fuzzy control scheme for energy efficiency and demand management in airports using 3D simulator
Authors: Raouf Shafei Mohamed Abdul , Abdelazeem Tawfik Mohamed , Khalil Ibrahim Doaa
Published: August 2020

As the building sector has the largest share of energy consumption in most countries of the world, this paper focused on the study of one of the most important of the buildings which are the airports. Airports can play a major role in reducing the burden on the electrical grid as they have several factors that make them optimum models for applying energy efficiency strategies. Accordingly, the contribution in this paper is achieved by applying a Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) scheme to improve the energy efficiency of the Egyptian airports without compromising the comfort level of the occupants and validating the obtained results by the aid of “DesignBuilder” software conducted with the “EnergyPlus” simulator, which is a state-of-the-art 3D simulator tool for checking building energy, carbon, lighting, and comfort performance. The applied 3D simulator evaluates the impacts of implementing the proposed fuzzy control system instead of ON/OFF control schemes or Building Management System (BMS). In this context, case studies were conducted at three different Egyptian airports as a high, medium, and low occupancy level airports respectively to discuss the opportunities and challenges of applying the fuzzy logic scheme in airports according to the occupancy level.
Smart home appliances scheduling considering user comfort level
Authors: Ming Hoe Hui , Pauzi Abdullah Md
Published: August 2020

Smart home appliances scheduling, employing optimization optimization algorithms to reduce utility costs, is gaining traction under the introduction of time-of-use tariffs and the development of Internet of Things (IoT). The prior electricity cost reduction scheduling algorithms, however, causes substantial discomfort to users for restricting users from using the appliances at their desired times. To address the problem, a novel versatile systematic method is proposed by pricing the mismatch of proposed schedule with users’ usage preference pattern to quantify discomfort, coupled with comfort-cost weight factor. The method employing customizable user preference patterns, user-perceived pricing of mismatch and user-specified comfort-savings weightage, not only captures the complex dependence of comfort to individual preference, but the evolution with time by continuous user survey. The proposed method, formulated to be simple enough to be applied on an Excel spreadsheet, demonstrates substantial reduction of electricity cost and users’ discomfort simultaneously. Studies on the algorithm found it to be robust against of fluctuations of parameters, with optimization performance comparable to prior work. The work demonstrates that despite the complex nature of comfort to users’ behaviors and perception, simple pricing surveys can be used to accurately quantify, compare and optimize users’ comfort together with economic savings. 
Control of a variable speed asynchronous wind turbine dedicated to isolated site
Authors: Ouchbel Taoufik , Zouggar Smail , L. Elhafyani M. , Mokhtari Mohammed , Oukili Mohamed , Zahra Kadda Fatima
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on the study of the asynchronous generator self-excited during operation in isolated mode. It concerns the analysis of a robust control of the asynchronous machine in order to improve the quality of the electrical energy produced in different environmental circumstances, and to promote the use of renewable energies in rural areas to improve education, the supply of drinking water, livestock and agriculture, access to information and communication. The present work concerns the description and modeling of the various mechanical parts of the wind turbine. It also tackles the steady-state and transient modeling of the asynchronous generator under self-excitation conditions. The practical results and the simulation ones have shown the influence of the self-excitation capacity on the output quantities of the wind system (voltage, current and torque) in vacuum and under charge (resistive and inductive). In the case where the asynchronous wind turbine is connected to a network, it imposes amplitude, waveform and frequency. But in the case of isolated sites, the asynchronous machine has a low power factor, what means it requires reactive energy. To correct this irregularity, we can improve the power factor by using variable capacitors. The excitation current (reactive power) must be permanently supplied according to the load connected. This requires an intelligent system that regulates the electrical energy produced. 
Mathematical analysis of cost function and reliability condition for new proposed multilevel inverter topology
Authors: Karthikeyan D. , Vijayakumar K. , Senthil Kumar D. , Krishnachaitanya Daki
Published: August 2020

In this paper cost function and reliability analysis of classic novel symmetric multilevel inverter topology has been presented. Cost function and reliability analysis are the economical factors of the effieciency of an inverter, this made the intrest in this area.cost function deneotes the cost of the inverter based on the power flow, reliability explain the mean time failure propotional to the life span. Firstly the cost function of the novel topology has been proposed using mathematical calculation using various current rating and the results are validated compared with exiting topology.   Secondly reliability approach is used to evaluate the reliability of the switch with respect to the failure rate and mean time period of the switch using fedis and markow reliability analysis equations and the results are evaluated for all the switches present in the topology. And the results are the compared with the conventional multilevel inverter, cost function and reliability analysis of the proposed multilevel inverter.
Adaptive random testing with total cartesian distance for black box circuit under test
Authors: Alamgir Arbab , Khari A’ain Abu , Paraman Norlina , Ullah Sheikh Usman
Published: August 2020

Testing and verification of digital circuits is of vital importance in electronics industry. Moreover, key designs require preservation of their intellectual property that might restrict access to the internal structure of circuit under test. Random testing is a classical solution to black box testing as it generates test patterns without using the structural implementation of the circuit under test. However, random testing ignores the importance of previously applied test patterns while generating subsequent test patterns. An improvement to random testing is Antirandom that diversifies every subsequent test pattern in the test sequence. Whereas, computational intensive process of distance calculation restricts its scalability for large input circuit under test. Fixed sized candidate set adaptive random testing uses predetermined number of patterns for distance calculations to avoid computational complexity. A combination of max-min distance with previously executed patterns is carried out for each test pattern candidate. However, the reduction in computational complexity reduces the effectiveness of test set in terms of fault coverage. This paper uses a total cartesian distance based approach on fixed sized candidate set to enhance diversity in test sequence. The proposed approach has a two way effect on the test pattern generation as it lowers the computational intensity along with enhancement in the fault coverage. Fault simulation results on ISCAS’85 and ISCAS’89 benchmark circuits show that fault coverage of the proposed method increases up to 20.22% compared to previous method.
Internet of things (IoT) based smart garbage monitoring system
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Thangavel , Hossen J. , Amir Hamzah NurAsyiqinbt. , Velrajkumar P. , Hong Jack Oo
Published: August 2020

Garbage waste monitoring, collection and management is one of the primary concerns of the present era due to its detrimental effects on environment. The traditional way of manually monitoring and collecting the garbage is a cumbersome process as it requires considerable human effort and time leading to higher cost. In this paper, an IoT based garbage monitoring system using Thingspeak, an open IoT platform is presented. The system consists of an Arduino microcontroller, an ultrasonic sensor, a load cell and a Wi-Fi module. The Arduino microcontroller receives data from the ultrasonic sensor and load cell. The depth of the garbage in the bin is measured using ultrasonic sensor and the weight of the bin with garbage is measured from the load cell. The LCD screen is used to display the data. The Wi-Fi module transmits the above data to the internet. An open IoT platform Thingspeak is used to monitor the garbage system. With this system, the administrator can monitor and schedule garbage collection more efficiently. A prototype has been developed and tested. It has been found to work satisfactorily. The details are presented in this paper.
Review of mobile robots obstacle avoidance, localization, motion planning, and wheels
Authors: A. Mhawesh Mustafa , Al-Tameemi Zaid H. , Muhammed Neda Omar
Published: August 2020

The main objective of this research is to study the obstacle avoidance, Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) method, motion planning in dynamic networks for mobile robots, and mobile robots wheels depending on the previous published researches. The researchers had done their experiments on different mobile robots and had validated them. This research helps the readers to learn how the robot changes its directions to prevent itself from collisions depending on three ultrasonic sensors. Also, they will learn the localization of the mobile robots depending on the recorded data from RHINO and MINERVA robots. In addition to learning the obstacle avoiding and the localization of mobile robots, the readers will learn new planning framework. Furthermore, they will get knowledge in types of mobile robots wheels.
Robustness metrics for optical networks
Authors: Aishah Zainiar Noor , Iqbal Farabi , Supa’at ASM , Yoon Khang Adam Wong
Published: August 2020

Telecommunication networks are vulnerable towards single or simultaneous nodes/links failures, which may lead to the disruption of network areas. The failures may cause performance degradation, reduced quality of services, reduced nodes/links survivability, stability, and reliability. Therefore, it is important to measure and enhance the network robustness, via the use of robustness metrics. This paper gives an overview of several robustness metrics that are commonly used for optical networks, from the structural, centrality and functional perspectives.
Throughput Maximization for full-duplex two-way relay with finite buffers
Authors: Francis Lin Betene Anyugu
Published: August 2020

Optimal queueing control of multi-hop networks remains a challenging problem, e

specially in two-way relaying systems, even in the most straightforward scenarios.

In this paper, we explore two-way relaying having a full-duplex decode-and-forward

relay with two fifinite buffers. Principally, we propose a novel concept based on the

multi-agent reinforcement learning (that maximizes the cumulative network through

put) based on the combination of the buffer states and the lossy links; a decision is

generated as to whether it can transmit, receive or even simultaneously receive and

transmit information. Towards this objective, chieflfly, based on the queue state transi

tion and the lossy links, an analytic Markov decision process is proposed to analyze

this scheme, and the throughput and queueing delay are derived. Our numerical results

reveal exciting insights. First, artifificial intelligence based on reinforcement learning

is optimal when the length of the buffer is superior to a certain threshold. Second, we

demonstrate that reinforcement learning can boost transmission effificiency and prevent

buffer overflflow.
A new double ш-shaped compact negative refractive index metamaterial for wideband applications
Authors: Chandra Paul Pujan , Jakir Hossain Mohammad , Kumar Karmaker Ashish , Jakirul Islam Md.
Published: August 2020

This paper analyzed the new compact design and negative refractive index (NRI) metamaterial for wideband applications. The proposed metamaterial exhibits NRI and wideband characteristics of the x-axis wave propagation. It displayed the NRI property at the frequency of 1.54 GHz and wideband from 1.26 GHz to 7.08 GHz frequency (L, S, and C band). Moreover, the response of the 1×2 horizontal and 2×1 vertical array structure showed the wideband frequency in the 7.17 GHz to 13.62 GHz and 1.46 GHz to 9.53 GHz, respectively. Electromagnetic simulation software called CST has been used to design the metamaterial unit cell. The metamaterial has been displayed the multi-band characteristics such as L, S, C, X and Ku bands with negative index material properties.
Analysis of a switching angle calculation by ANN for nine level inverter apply into experimental case study with elimination of lower and higher order harmonics
Authors: Rasheed Mohammed , Omar Rosli , Sulaiman Marizan , Abd Halim Wahidah , M.A. Alakkad Moataz
Published: August 2020

This paper confers an investigation of a Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) technique has gained wide acceptance for many AC drive applications, due to a higher DC bus voltage utilization (higher output voltage compared with the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), lower harmonic distortions and easy digital realization.” In recent years, the SHE technique was extensively adopted in multilevel inverters since it offers greater numbers of switching for obtaining further improvements of AC drive performances. “Nevertheless, the use of SHE-associated multilevel inverters will optimize the switching angles based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the modified CHB-MLI output voltage within permissible limits. The main objectives of this paper are the design and testing of the CHB-MLI modified topology laboratory for a nine-level single-phase prototype.” Also demonstrated were the experimental effects of using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) TMS320F2812 into a prototype. The controls were applied to the modified multilevel inverter, based on ANN and PSO. The proposed controller was then coded onto a board of DSP TMS320F2812. Compared with the PSO method, the inverter gives fewer THD using ANN scheme.
Uma avaliação de impacto de um programa de qualificação profissional na empresa sobre a inserção dos jovens no mercado de trabalho formal
Authors: Corseuil Carlos Henrique Leite , Foguel Miguel Nathan , Tomelin Leon Faceira
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, avaliamos o impacto de um programa de treinamento para jovens que ocorre integralmente dentro das empresas participantes. Utilizando métodos baseados em pareamento com escore de propensão e dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), investigamos a inserção laboral dos participantes do programa relativamente à dos jovens aprendizes, que formam um grupo de controle pertinente para medir efeitos diferenciados do programa. Os resultados indicam que o programa afeta positivamente a empregabilidade dos participantes, aumentando as chances de obter emprego formal e em empresas grandes. Já o impacto sobre salários foi nulo no curto e negativo no médio prazo.
Determinantes do nascimento de empresas no Rio Grande do Sul: um modelo de dados em painel espacial, 2007-2013
Authors: Céspedes Carlos Hernán Rodas , Fochezatto Adelar
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o nascimento de empresas nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul no período entre 2007 e 2013. Para isso, utilizam-se procedimentos da análise exploratória de dados espaciais e regressão em painel espacial. Os resultados indicaram a existência de autocorrelação espacial do nascimento de empresas e a formação de alguns clusters de municípios com altos nascimentos de empresas. O modelo de autorregressão espacial (SAR) evidenciou o efeito transbordamento do nascimento de empresas e possibilitou a mensuração dos impactos diretos e indiretos das variáveis independentes sobre o nascimento de empresas.
Desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro e exportações brasileiras: uma análise para o período de 1995 a 2014
Authors: Silva Fernanda Aparecida , De Mattos Leonardo Bornacki
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho buscou mensurar como o grau de desenvolvimento financeiro do Brasil e dos principais parceiros comerciais afetou o valor exportado pelo país; quantificar a relação entre dependência financeira de setores selecionados, grau de desenvolvimento financeiro e o valor exportado pelo Brasil em cada setor. A análise é operacionalizada por meio da estimação do modelo gravitacional utilizando o método de regressão quantílica com correção para a seletividade amostral. De maneira geral, os coeficientes estimados indicaram que o desenvolvimento financeiro brasileiro não é importante estatisticamente para determinar as suas exportações. Todavia, quando se analisou o grau de dependência financeira dos setores, encontrou-se relação positiva e significativa entre o desenvolvimento financeiro nacional e o valor exportado.
Efeitos da educação dos pais sobre o rendimento escolar dos filhos via mediação das condições socioeconômicas
Authors: Santos Mateus Mota dos , Mariano Francisca Zilania , Costa Edward Martins
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho busca avaliar os efeitos da educação dos pais sobre o rendimento escolar de alunos. O método contrafactual de mediação desenvolvido por Imai et al. (2010) foi aplicado às informações extraídas do SAEB, Censo Escolar e Indicadores Sociais, disponibilizadas pelo INEP (2015). Os resultados evidenciam que o efeito de mediação causal ganha força à medida que o nível de educação dos pais aumenta, indicando que parte do efeito da escolaridade dos pais é potencializado pelo nível socioeconômico familiar. Além disso, a influência indireta da escolaridade dos pais via mediação das condições socioeconômicas é maior para filhos do sexo masculino.
Determinantes espaciais das internações hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde por câncer de mama nas microrregiões do Brasil
Authors: Takahashi Margarido Olívia , Favoretto Costa Cássia Kely , Parré José Luiz
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar os determinantes econômico e de gestão de saúde das internações hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde por câncer de mama feminino entre as microrregiões do Brasil no ano de 2013. Para tanto, utilizou-se a Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), além da especificação de modelos econométricos espaciais e do modelo GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression). Observou-se a associação positiva de PIB per capita, mamógrafos e consultas da Atenção Básica e negativa das equipes de saúde sobre as internações hospitalares pela doença, com destaque para a influência das regiões vizinhas e do impacto local.
Taxa de câmbio de equilíbrio e desalinhamento cambial: evidências para o Brasil (1994-2011)
Authors: Oliveira Damasceno Aderbal , Vilela Vieira Flávio
Published: August 2020

O trabalho estima a taxa de câmbio real efetiva de equilíbrio e o desalinhamento cambial para o Brasil no período de 1994T3 a 2011T4. O trabalho contribui em três aspectos: i) constrói a série de taxa de câmbio real efetiva considerando os 20 principais parceiros comerciais; ii) os determinantes da taxa de câmbio real efetiva são calculados em relação àqueles dos 20 principais parceiros comerciais; iii) calcula uma medida de desalinhamento corrente e uma de desalinhamento total. As evidências indicam: sobrevalorização no período de câmbio rígido (1994T3 a 1998T4); subvalorização no período de câmbio flexível (1999T1 a 2011T4); subvalorização no período pós-crise do subprime (2008T3 a 2011T4); e uma sobrevalorização em 2011.
NULP1 Alleviates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Suppressing NFAT3 Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lei Fang , Wang Xiao‐Ming , Deng Ke‐Qiong , Ji Yan‐Xiao , Zhang Yan , Li Hongliang , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Lu Zhibing , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2020

Background

The development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy involves the coordination of a series of transcription activators and repressors, while their interplay to trigger pathological gene reprogramming remains unclear. NULP1 (nuclear localized protein 1) is a member of the basic helix‐loop‐helix family of transcription factors and its biological functions in pathological cardiac hypertrophy are barely understood.

Methods and Results

Immunoblot and immunostaining analyses showed that NULP1 expression was consistently reduced in the failing hearts of patients and hypertrophic mouse hearts and rat cardiomyocytes.
Nulp1
knockout exacerbates aortic banding‐induced cardiac hypertrophy pathology, which was significantly blunted by transgenic overexpression of
Nulp1
. Signal pathway screening revealed the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway to be dramatically suppressed by NULP1. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that NULP1 directly interacted with the topologically associating domain of NFAT3 via its C‐terminal region, which was sufficient to suppress NFAT3 transcriptional activity. Inactivation of the NFAT pathway by VIVIT peptides in vivo rescued the aggravated pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy resulting from
Nulp1
deficiency.

Conclusions

NULP1 is an endogenous suppressor of NFAT3 signaling under hypertrophic stress and thus negatively regulates the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Targeting overactivated NFAT by NULP1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Magnolia poqomchi, a new species of subsection Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala

Authors: SERRANO MARCELO JOSÉ , GRAJEDA-ESTRADA RAFAEL , VILLALOBOS ANDRÉS , ÁLVAREZ-RUANO MARÍA RENÉE , VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA J. ANTONIO
Published: August 2020

In the last decade, several species of magnolias have been described for Guatemala, five of which are found in Alta Verapaz, where, during an exploratory survey, we found a specimen that did not correspond morphologically to any previously reported species. To obtain material and determine phenology, several individuals were monitored for a year. Here, we describe this as a new species of Magnolia subsection Magnolia (Magnoliaceae). It is distributed in the cloud forest of San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, and is culturally important for the local villagers. It differs from other similar species, M. montebelloensis and M. tribouillierana, in having an abruptly acuminate leaf apex (drip tip), larger flowers, purple staminophores and more stamens, among other traits. According to IUCN criteria, M. poqomchi is critically endangered [B1ab (iii), B2ab (iii)]. Additionally, we include a dichotomous key and distribution map for the genus in Guatemala. Taking this record into account, there are a total of ten native species reported for Guatemala, making it an important centre of species diversity for magnolias.
A new combination in the genus Molendoa (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta)

Authors: BRINDA JOHN C. , ZANDER RICHARD H.
Published: August 2020

The recently published nom. nov. Molendoa antiqua R.H. Zander (2019: 335) is a superfluous name. If Anoectangium handelii Schiffn. (1913: 490) is a synonym then the correct name should be Molendoa handelii since that name has priority and the epithet is not already taken in Molendoa. The appropriate combination in Molendoa is therefore made here. The species is frequently encountered in seasonally wet rock crevices in the American southwest. In addition to California, Colorado, and Nevada (Zander & Eckel 2007), it is also known from Arizona (Mohave Co.: Brinda 1161, 1680, 1688, 1702, 1726, 1741b, 1956, 1971, 2008a) and Utah (Garfield Co.: Brinda 7659, 7714, 7733; Grand Co.: Weiss 20150; Iron Co.: Weiss 20145; Washington Co. Weiss 20148). All specimens at MO.
New lance lacewings (Osmylidae: Kempyninae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: MA YIMING , SHIH CHUNGKUN , REN DONG , WANG YONGJIE
Published: August 2020

Contrary to the typical southern distribution of the extant Kempyninae, a subfamily of Osmylidae, its fossil group shows the high diversification in the northern hemisphere during the Mesozoic. Herein a new genus with a new species, Mirokempynus profundobifurcus gen. et sp. nov., and a new species, Jurakempynus loculosus sp. nov., of Kempyninae, are described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. The new species share the characteristic synapomorphies of Kempyninae, e.g. subcostal veinlets mostly irregularly forked in the forewing and the distinctly expanded intramedial area with multiple rows of cells in the hind wing. The new genus distinctly shows a particular condition of intramedial area and MP branching in the hind wing. However, the condition of the region between MA and MP significantly broadened in the hind wing appear distinctively different to other known kempynine genera. A key is provided for all the genera of documented kempynines, both fossil and extant.
Tanap, a new robber fly genus from Turkey (Diptera: Asilidae: Dioctriinae)
Authors: HASBENLİ ABDULLAH , ÇİFTÇİ DERYA , ÇAĞLAR ÜZEYİR
Published: August 2020

Tanap gen. nov. and Tanap cinar sp. nov. (Diptera: Asilidae) from Turkey are described and illustrated. This new genus is distinguished from all extant Asilid genera by the presence of projections just behind at the base of the antenna. A key to the Palaearctic genera of Dioctriinae is provided.
Budgets for Decadal Variability in Pacific Ocean Heat Content
Authors: Hu Zeyuan , Hu Aixue , Hu Yongyun , Rosenbloom Nan
Published: August 2020

A slowdown in the rate of surface warming in the early 2000s led to renewed interest in the redistribution of ocean heat content (OHC) and its relationship with internal climate variability. We use the Community Earth System Model version 1 to study the relationship between OHC and the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), a major mode of decadal sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific Ocean. By comparing the relative contributions of surface heat flux and ocean dynamics to changes in OHC for different phases of the IPO, we try to identify the underlying physical processes involved. Our results suggest that during IPO phase transitions, changes of 0–300-m OHC across the northern extratropical Pacific are positively contributed by both surface heat flux and oceanic heat transport. By contrast, oceanic heat transport appears to drive the OHC changes in equatorial Pacific whereas surface heat flux acts as a damping term. During a positive IPO phase, weakened wind-driven circulation acts to increase the OHC in the equatorial Pacific while the enhanced evaporation acts to damp OHC anomalies. In the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension region, a dipole anomaly of zonal heat advection amplifies an OHC dipole anomaly that moves eastward, while strong turbulent heat fluxes act to dampen this OHC anomaly. In the northern subtropical Pacific, both the wind-driven evaporation change and the change of zonal heat advection along Kuroshio Extension contribute to the OHC change during phase transition. For the northern subpolar Pacific, both surface heat flux and enhanced meridional advection contribute to the positive OHC anomalies during the positive IPO phase.
Memory Effect of the Southern Atlantic Subtropical Dipole
Authors: Santis Wlademir , Castellanos Paola , Campos Edmo
Published: August 2020

The South Atlantic subtropical dipole is the dominant mode of coupled variability in the South Atlantic, connecting sea level pressure and sea surface temperature. Previous studies have shown its great relevance to the climate conditions over South America and West Africa. We have used several numerical experiments with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model to investigate the effects that an austral winter–spring dipole asserts on the South Atlantic. We explore the interaction between SST anomalies and the formation of the fossilized mixing region, which preserve temperature anomalies underneath the summer mixed layer, until they feed back to SST after the next autumn. It was found that, through this process, there is a memory effect that restores temperature anomalies from an austral winter–spring dipole back to the austral winter of the following year. The dominant mechanisms are the contribution from entrainment and surface net heat flux (NHF). Entrainment is mostly controlled by vertical temperature gradient anomalies, while surface NHF is controlled by interactions of climatological ocean heat loss and anomalies of mixed layer thickness. Our results suggest that the combined effect of entrainment and surface NHF is different in the southwest and northeast dipole regions, leading to differences in both intensity and timing of SST anomalies. Turbulent and nonlinear processes are most important to reduce entrainment in the southwest dipole region and to increase the memory effect asymmetry.
Mutual Interaction between Surface Waves and Langmuir Circulations Observed in Wave-Resolving Numerical Simulations
Authors: Fujiwara Yasushi , Yoshikawa Yutaka
Published: August 2020

Wave-resolving simulations of monochromatic surface waves and Langmuir circulations (LCs) under an idealized condition are performed to investigate the dynamics of wave–current mutual interaction. When the Froude number (the ratio of the friction velocity of wind stress imposed at the surface and wave phase speed) is large, waves become refracted by the downwind jet associated with LCs and become amplitude modulated in the crosswind direction. In such cases, the simulations using the Craik–Leibovich (CL) equation with a prescribed horizontally uniform Stokes drift profile are found to underestimate the intensity of LCs. Vorticity budget analysis reveals that horizontal shear of Stokes drift induced by the wave modulation tilts the wind-driven vorticity to the downwind direction, intensifying the LCs that caused the waves to be modulated. Such an effect is not reproduced in the CL equation unless the Stokes drift of the waves modulated by LCs is prescribed. This intensification mechanism is similar to the CL1 mechanism in that the horizontal shear of the Stokes drift plays a key role, but it is more likely to occur because the shear in this interaction is automatically generated by the LCs whereas the shear in the CL1 mechanism is retained only when a particular phase relation between two crossing waves is kept locked for many periods.
The Limits of Local Sanctuary Initiatives for Immigrants
Authors: Davis Martha F.
Published: August 2020

In recent years, many local governments in the United States have declared themselves to be sanctuaries, welcoming jurisdictions, safe cities, or cities of refuge for immigrants. At the same time, federal rhetoric and associated national laws—which have legal precedence over local immigration policies—have shifted in anti-immigrant directions. These developments raise questions about whether and how local sanctuary policies affect immigrants’ lives, including their feelings of fear, their access to local services, and their interactions with law enforcement. This article draws on existing studies and new interview data from a pilot study of two sanctuary cities, Boston and Seattle, to evaluate the impacts of municipal sanctuary policies for immigrants, including their potential influences on immigrant and refugee integration. I also explore policy approaches that might enhance these policies’ effectiveness in achieving their supporters’ stated goals.
Pathways to Refugee Integration: Predictions from Longitudinal Data in Colorado
Authors: Puma Jini E. , Brewer Sarah E. , Stein Paul
Published: August 2020

In this study, we examine whether and how the success of refugee integration varies over time and the factors that facilitate successful integration. Using data from the Refugee Integration Survey and Evaluation (RISE), we assess the integration of 467 newly resettled refugees in Colorado over three consecutive years, beginning in 2011. We find that that integration significantly increases with more time in the United States, and that age, gender, and education in one’s home country explained approximately half of the variance in overall integration three years postarrival. The integration pathways we derive from the data explain a sizable component of the variance, and we find differences in the integration process across the population subgroups that we examine.
Refugee Integration in Canada, Europe, and the United States: Perspectives from Research
Authors: Donato Katharine M. , Ferris Elizabeth
Published: August 2020

As the number of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers have grown worldwide, intense debate has emerged about how long and how well they integrate into host countries. Although integration is a complex process, realized differently by different groups at different times, most prior studies capture, at best, disparate parts of the process. Overcoming this limitation is a tall task because it requires data and research that capture how integration is both dynamic and contextual and requires focusing on conceptual issues, emphasizing how integration varies across spatial scales, and including perspectives of the process through the eyes of both scholars and practitioners. This article reviews recent key studies about refugees in Canada, Europe, and the United States, as a way of putting into context the scholarship presented in this special issue of The ANNALS. We analyze whether and how prior studies capture integration as a dynamic process that unfolds in various aspects of life, such as education, employment, and health. We also consider the extent to which prior studies are shaped by long-standing divides between the terms refugee and migrant, and integration and assimilation, and what those divides mean for research on refugee and migrant integration in the twenty-first century. Throughout, we assess the data needed for researchers to address a wide variety of questions about refugee integration and understand the long-term consequences of the ever-growing number of displaced persons seeking refuge. This volume presents research that uniquely enhances our understanding about the breadth of the integration process in the United States, Canada, and European countries.
Transparency, Publicity, Democracy, and Markets: Inhabiting Tensions Through Hybridity
Authors: Edwards Lee
Published: August 2020

In this article, I explore the relationship between transparency and publicity, and consider how the links between the two ideas might be reconceptualized to make better sense of their empirical reality. Both transparency and publicity have acquired a normative power as management ideas that govern all kinds of organizations—political, commercial, nonprofit, and public sector. Transparency is normatively associated with ensuring accountability of those who govern (whether politically or economically) to those they are governing, while publicity is a strategic act motivated primarily by self-interest: to engage in publicity is to make visible something that one desires to be seen in a particular way in order to reap the benefits of that perception. The result of these normative associations is that transparency and publicity are often understood as conceptually opposed and incommensurate concepts. In this article, I challenge this dichotomy and suggest that, given the empirical reality of their application by organizations, it is more productive to understand the concepts as a transparency–publicity hybrid, rather than separate ideas. By investigating the empirical connections between transparency and what might be termed promotional publicity, new and more productive thinking about the effects of their interaction on organizations can develop.
Socioeconomic Status and Determinants of Pediatric Antibiotic Use
Authors: McGurn Andrew , Watchmaker Brittany , Adam Kaavya , Ni Jeff , Babinski Piotr , Friedman Hannah , Boyd Bridget , Dugas Lara R. , Markossian Talar
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Evidence suggests that early-life antibiotic use can alter gut microbiome, predisposing children to obesity. The obesity epidemic has a disproportionate effect on individuals from lower socioeconomic status (SES). Thus, this study aims to explore the link between SES and antibiotic use. Design. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all babies born at and receiving 2 or more outpatient visits at a large, suburban health system in Illinois (United States) between 2007 and 2017. We collected data on zip code as a proxy for SES and antibiotic use in the first year of life. We also obtained comorbid diagnosis codes, race/ethnicity, gender, and number of inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department visits. Results. A total of 7224 patients met our study criteria. Children from low-poverty areas received a lifetime average of 4.28 prescriptions, while those from high-poverty neighborhoods received an average of 3.31 prescriptions. This was statistically significant in our unadjusted analysis but not after adjusting for covariates. Children from high-poverty areas were significantly more likely to receive more antibiotics at 48 hours, 1 week, and 1 month of life in our unadjusted analysis, but not after adjusting for covariates. In our unadjusted and adjusted analyses, children from high-poverty areas were significantly more likely to have received antibiotics at 1 week of life. Conclusion. The relationship between SES and antibiotic use warrants further investigation to help elucidate possible causes of the disproportionate impact obesity has in low-income communities.
Multi-objective numerical simulation of geometrical characteristics of laser cladding of cobalt-based alloy based on response surface methodology
Authors: Cui Lu-jun , Zhang Meng , Guo Shi-Rui , Cao Yan-Long , Zeng Wen-Han , Li Xiao-lei , Zheng Bo
Published: August 2020

The objectives of this study are to optimize the key process parameters of laser cladding remanufacturing parts, improve the sealing quality of the hemispherical valve and prolong and improve its service life and reliability. A high-power fiber-coupled semiconductor laser was used to fabricate a single Co-based alloy cladding layer on the pump valve material ZG45 plate. The key process parameters of laser power, scanning speed and powder feeding rate in the process of laser remanufacturing are taken as optimization variables, and the coating width, coating height, coating depth, aspect ratio and dilution rate are taken as response indexes. Based on the response surface analysis method, the central compound experiment is designed using Design-Expert software. The variance analysis of the experimental results is performed, and the regression prediction model of the process parameters relative to the corresponding index is established. Through analysis of the established perturbation diagram and three-dimensional response surface, it is concluded that the main influence factors of melting width and penetration depth are laser power and positive effect, and the main influence factors of melting height are scanning speed and negative effect. The average error of each regression prediction model is lower than 10%. The above research work has important guiding significance for optimizing the process parameters and improving the cladding quality of cobalt-based alloy on ZG45.
We Must Take Advantage of This Pandemic to Make a Radical Social Change: The Coronavirus as a Global Health, Inequality, and Eco-Social Problem
Authors: Benach Joan
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 not only constitutes a serious public health problem and a global major threat to the poorest and most vulnerable social groups and neighborhoods of the world, creating a potential pandemic of inequality, but also poses an enormous challenge from the perspective of public health, ethics, economy, environment, and politics. However, many of the deep and complex systemic interrelationships created and developed by this pandemic are largely hidden, unknown, or neglected, both by the hegemonic media and by a highly specialized and fragmented academic world. However, when all the available knowledge is critically integrated, the origins and effects underlying this pandemic are likely to be found in the development of neoliberal capitalism and its inherent logic of ceaseless accumulation, economic growth, large inequalities, and ecological devastation. This commentary reflects on these issues, drawing out some of the most important lessons to be learned and challenges to be faced in the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath, advocating for a radical social change to deal with these challenges.
Brain–Machine Interfaces as Commodities: Exchanging Mind for Matter
Authors: Reilly Christopher M.
Published: August 2020

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs), which enable a two-way flow of signals, information, and directions between human neurons and computerized machines, offer spectacular opportunities for therapeutic and consumer applications, but they also present unique dangers to the safety, privacy, psychological health, and spiritual well-being of their users. The sale of these devices as commodities for profit exacerbates such issues and may subject the user to an unequal exchange with corporations. Catholic healthcare professionals and bioethicists should be especially concerned about the implications for the essential dignity of the persons using the new BMIs.

The commercial sale of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) generates and exacerbates problems for end-users' safety, psychological health, and spiritual well-being.
UK Public’s Views and Perceptions About the Legalisation of Assisted Dying and Assisted Suicide
Authors: Pentaris Panagiotis , Jacobs Lucy
Published: August 2020

Current debates about assisted dying and assisted suicide cover a series of medical, legal, moral, ethical and religious aspects. Yet, public views on the subject remain underexplored and, therefore, not always accounted for in the formation of public policy. This paper reports on empirical data from a cross-sectional study in the UK in 2019, which examines public views about the legalisation of assisted dying and assisted suicide, by means of a self-administered Qualtrics-based survey (self-devised vignettes). A combination of simple random and convenience sampling was used. Participants (n = 297) state their preference that both assisted dying and assisted suicide should be legalised in the UK (n = 70%), while doctors should be legally allowed to support such wishes of patients with an incurable and painful illness from which they will die (n = 62.22%). The paper concludes that public opinion needs to be further accounted for in policymaking and discourses regarding patient autonomy and dignity of care.
Yoga Meditation Enhances Proprioception and Balance in Individuals Diagnosed With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Cherup Nicholas P. , Strand Keri L. , Lucchi Lucrezia , Wooten Savannah V. , Luca Corneliu , Signorile Joseph F.
Published: August 2020

This study compared the effectiveness of two proprioceptive exercise programs for persons diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thirty-three patients with mild to moderate PD were randomly assigned to a yoga meditation program (YoMed) or to an established proprioceptive training program (PRO). Both interventions included twice weekly sessions (45 minutes each), spanning a 12-week period. Outcome measures included: joint position sense (JPS45°, JPS55°, JPS65°) and joint kinesthesia (JKFlex and JKExt), the Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool (TIN), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), dynamic posturography (DMA and TIME) and the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG). Test administrators were blinded to group affiliation. Significant between-group differences favoring the YoMed group were observed for TIN ( p = 0.01, d = 0.77) and JKFlex ( p = 0.05, d = −0.72). DMA and TIME scores significantly improved for both groups, and no adverse events were reported. These findings indicate that the YoMed program is safe and effective for patients with PD. Researchers should continue to examine the clinical efficacy of mind-body techniques to improve movement control and body awareness in this population.