bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La France, l'Europe et le modèle allemand
Authors: Strassel Christophe
Published: January 2014

L’idée d’un « miracle économique allemand » est l’une des représentations les plus agissantes du débat économique européen. Pourtant, l’économie allemande tant vantée aujourd’hui ne justifie que partiellement les louanges qui lui sont adressées : ses résultats ne sont pas uniformément favorables et les politiques qui y conduisent, difficilement reproductibles à l’échelle de l’Europe. Connu sous le nom d’« économie sociale de marché » , le « modèle allemand » est apparu après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Issu d’une école de pensée néolibérale, l’ordolibéralisme, il fait de l’État le garant du bon fonctionnement du marché. Assez radicale dans ses prescriptions, cette doctrine n’a jamais été pleinement appliquée en Allemagne. En revanche, elle l’a été de manière bien plus fidèle dans le cadre des institutions économiques européennes, tant pour ce qui est de la politique de la concurrence que de celles relatives à la monnaie ou aux finances publiques. Ce modèle apparaît aujourd’hui inadapté à la situation d’un nombre croissant de pays européens et fait courir un risque à la cohésion de la zone euro. En définitive, le retour de la croissance dépend plus de la capacité des dirigeants européens à lever le blocage que le « modèle allemand » fait peser sur les politiques économiques que de facteurs relatifs à la structure des économies européennes.
Indonésie et Singapour : destins géoéconomiques parallèles de deux potentielles puissances sud-est asiatiques
Authors: Frécon Eric
Published: January 2014

À l’heure d’une crise économique qui s’éternise en Europe, l’Indonésie et Singapour ont souvent fait office d’eldorado. Les deux pays ont participé aux débats du G20, respectivement comme membre et invité en 2010-2013, tandis que des experts poussaient Jakarta à rejoindre le clan des BRICS. Pourtant, l’Asie du Sud-Est ne semble pas échapper à la déflagration mondiale comme en témoignent la croissance en berne et l’inflation en hausse dans les deux pays. Un point de vue géographique aurait pu alerter les analystes : si ces deux pays profitent d’indéniables atouts, physiques et humains, du fait de leur localisation et de leurs ressources, ils doivent également faire face à des défis nationaux de taille, liés entre autres à l’aménagement de leur territoire. Or les solutions retenues, en termes d’infrastructures ou de migrations, ne semblent pas toujours être les plus pertinentes.
« China Inc. » Forces et limites de l'influence économique de la Chine
Authors: Huchet Jean-François
Published: January 2014

Avec la montée en puissance de son économie, la Chine a développé et utilisé des leviers économiques pour augmenter son influence politique. De l’utilisation de son marché intérieur au recyclage de ses surplus financiers en passant par la signature de partenariats commerciaux, les autorités chinoises ont utilisé avec efficacité tous ces leviers économiques pour atteindre des objectifs géopolitiques. Cette efficacité n’a pas été uniquement liée au caractère autoritaire du régime. L’État-Parti s’est réformé depuis le lancement de la politique d’ouverture et de réformes en 1978 et a su encourager les acteurs de la sphère économique à participer à des objectifs géopolitiques nationaux. Malgré cette efficacité, la Chine se heurte aussi à toute une série d’obstacles dans l’utilisation de son influence économique. La plupart tiennent à la nature de son régime politique et à une perception de la Chine comme une nouvelle puissance hégémonique.
Des limites de l'économie dans la compréhension géopolitique des conflits des pays en développement
Authors: Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine
Published: January 2014

Une analyse strictement économique des conflits dans les pays en développement présente deux principaux défauts. D’abord, elle occulte la dimension politique et symbolique de tensions qui ont aussi trait à la qualité des institutions, à l’organisation de l’État, aux cultures de gouvernement et aux relations de pouvoir à l’intérieur d’une société. De plus, elle néglige la force des faibles en ramenant toutes les interdépendances économiques à des rapports hégémoniques de domination du « centre » sur sa « périphérie » et des puissances impérialistes sur leurs vassaux et/ou anciennes colonies. Cet article déconstruit ainsi des paradigmes qui ont beaucoup évolué depuis la fin de la guerre froide. L’objectif n’est certainement pas de nier l’importance du rôle que jouent les ressources économiques pour financer la poursuite des combats ou attiser les convoitises. En revanche, il s’agit bien de contester les théories déterministes de la « malédiction » ou dépendantistes de l’« exploitation » qui tendent à réduire à une simple compétition pour les ressources les tensions géopolitiques que connaissent les pays dits du « tiers monde ».
La crise de 1929 ou la leçon non apprise de l'histoire
Authors: Boutillier Sophie
Published: January 2014

Située entre les deux guerres mondiales, la crise de 1929 est perçue comme la conséquence de la première guerre mondiale et la seconde guerre mondiale comme la solution de la crise de 1929. Elle reste aujourd’hui la plus grave crise financière et économique, et chaque crise est l’occasion de comparaison, la crise actuelle comme les autres. Si chaque crise est unique, des mécanismes comparables en sont la cause. La crise de 1929, comme la crise actuelle, s’est produite après une longue période de laisser-faire, tout particulièrement en matière de marchés financiers. La bourse était considérée (par les politiques, les traders et la classe moyenne) comme un moyen de s’enrichir facilement et rapidement. Mais, il fut plus facile de sortir de la crise par la guerre que par des investissements publics massifs dans des secteurs vitaux tels que la santé, l’éducation, le logement ou les transports publics. Aujourd’hui nous sommes dans la même situation, les dépenses sociales baissent et le secteur militaire reste prospère. Pourquoi n’a-t-on pas retenu la leçon de l’histoire ? Pourquoi cette amnésie financière récurrente ? Classification JEL  : P10, G01, N4
Le nouveau mercantilisme et la finance globale
Authors: Uzunidis Dimitri
Published: January 2014

Comment comprendre la crise actuelle qui est déterminante sur le plan mondiale ? Dans ce texte, en suivant la pensée de Joan Robinson, nous présenterons dans la première partie le contenu de la définition du « nouveau mercantilisme », puis nous verrons comment ces pratiques ont contribué et ont soutenu ce que nous appelons communément la mondialisation. Cette mondialisation, du fait des barrières internes et externes auxquelles s’est heurté le capitalisme a été vite mue par la finance. Cette dernière alimentant l’« économie virtuelle » est devenue par son essoufflement une cause de dévalorisation et de destruction de capitaux excédentaires. Et après ? Quel peut être l’avenir de l’« économie monde » ? Le capitalisme peut-il se passer du mercantilisme ? Classification JEL  : B50, F59, G01, L12.
La finance a-t-elle asservi l'Europe ?
Authors: Santi Michel
Published: January 2014

Se souviendra-t-on de la Banque centrale européenne comme de « la magnifique et orthodoxe banque centrale d’une union monétaire ayant échoué »... ? Quand comprendra-t-on enfin que les déboires européens actuels ne sont en rien dus aux endettements publics ? Pourquoi l’orthodoxie, la pensée dominante, l’écrasante majorité des économistes, comme les dirigeants politiques s’obstinent-ils à considérer cette crise comme celle des « dettes souveraines » européennes ? Au vu de l’Histoire, aujourd’hui encore, deux visions du monde s’affrontent en Europe : épuiser encore plus financièrement et socialement le citoyen européen ou renvoyer dos à dos les néo-libéraux qui démontrent une obstination quasi morbide à vouloir équilibrer le budget d’un pays. Classification JEL  : E5
Avances financières et profit. De la loi des débouchés à la spéculation
Authors: Wielezynski Marian
Published: January 2014

Lorsque les entrepreneurs, qu’ils soient du Nord ou du Sud, clôturent les comptes de l’année, ils constatent la plupart du temps que les profits réalisés sont différents des profits espérés. Au même moment, ils savent que durant l’année, ils ont procédé à des avances financières, sous forme d’acomptes sur dividendes et d’autofinancements. Ils n’ont aucune raison de faire le rapprochement entre les deux grandeurs, mais les avances doivent être reconstituées lors des échanges sur les marchés. Ce processus de reconstitution permet-il de faire l’hypothèse que les profits constatés dans l’ensemble de l’économie sont en réalité ceux qui ont été payés d’avance par chacun des protagonistes, indépendamment les uns des autres ? Les entrepreneurs du Nord et du Sud s’ouvrent ainsi, réciproquement, des débouchés, à la manière, par exemple, des capitalistes du secteur 1 et du secteur 2 dans les schémas de la reproduction de Marx. Ou encore, comme pour Keynes, pour qui les ajustements de l’offre et de la demande, se font sans tenir compte des avances autonomes des entrepreneurs, par des profits tombés du ciel. En tout état de cause, l’observation montre à quel point les dividendes sont précédés d’acomptes, dont l’utilisation réalise l’équilibre général et la croissance. Classification JEL  : B12, B14, B26, D33, D53
La dérégulation financière : paradis pour le capital transnational
Authors: Langlet Denis
Published: January 2014

Quels est le rôle des paradis fiscaux dans les transactions financières internationales ? A qui profitent-ils ? Pourquoi ceux-ci ont-ils tendance à se multiplier ? L’auteur, Denis Langlet, s’attachent d’abord à mettre en évidence l’importance de la dérégulation financière dans la création d’un marché mondial dominé par la finance. Cette dérégulation, en supprimant les obstacles (douane, contrôle des mouvements de capitaux, souveraineté nationale...) à la liberté d’action des capitaux internationaux donne une importance inégalée aux paradis fiscaux pour la gestion au profit des actionnaires des groupes industriels et bancaires mondiaux. Classification JEL  : F23
La philosophie, un « objet » pour le sociologue ?
Authors: Pinto Louis
Published: January 2014

Est-il possible de soumettre la philosophie à un ensemble de démarches usuelles en sociologie, tout en tenant compte de sa spécificité ? Peut-on échapper à l’alternative du réductionnisme externaliste et du renoncement à parler de ce qui est présumé interne ? En quoi une approche sociologique déjouant pareille alternative serait-elle intéressante pour le philosophe ? Pour répondre à de tels questionnements, trois points sont envisagés à travers des illustrations. Le premier point concerne la sociologie (historique) de l’interprétation des textes. Un deuxième point est la façon sociologique d’aborder la question, à laquelle s’attachent traditionnellement les commentateurs, de l’unité et de la cohérence d’une œuvre. Le troisième point est celui du rapport entre classements sociaux et classements théoriques.
La connaissance historique et la tâche de la philosophie politique
Authors: Citot Vincent
Published: January 2014

L’objet de cet article est d’évaluer le degré de dépendance de la philosophie politique par rapport à la connaissance historique. Plus précisément, nous tentons de montrer que, pour être à la hauteur de leur tâche (comprendre le monde sociopolitique contemporain et proposer des orientations normatives éclairées), les philosophes politiques doivent saisir leur époque au sein du cycle évolutif dont elle est un moment. Or l’histoire comparée des civilisations pourrait bien constituer la discipline et la méthode qui rendent possible cette saisie.
Statut et fonction de la notion de « problématisation » dans le corpus foucaldien tardif
Authors: de Salies Fabrice
Published: January 2014

Posant un regard rétrospectif sur son parcours, Foucault met explicitement en exergue la notion de « problématisation » comme le concept clef censé rendre compte de la teneur comme des visées générales de sa démarche philosophique, dans la mesure où elle caractériserait tant l’ objet de ses recherches, l’ instrument avec lequel elles sont conduites que l’ objectif en vertu duquel elle sont menées. L’examen des textes montre que, malgré un certain nombre de revirements et d’inflexions au cours de sa carrière, Foucault paraît légitimé à consacrer de la sorte cette notion de « problématisation ».
L'imagerie pour enfants au xix e siècle : un média à explorer
Authors: Lerch Dominique
Published: January 2014

Imprimée sur bois ou pierre lithographique, l’imagerie offre, à un coût modique, des images avec un texte, un titre, parfois une chanson. La planche peut être coloriée. xix e  siècle, les imageries (Epinal, Montbéliard, Metz, Wissembourg...) pratiquent une offre d’images pour le public enfantin sous l’œil de la censure et du dépôt légal. Peu de chose chez les frères Deckerr de Montbéliard (1812-1832) alors qu’à Metz, Pont-à-Mousson ou Wissembourg cette catégorie occupe entre le quart et le tiers du catalogue. Toutefois des différences éclatent entre prédominance du jeu à Metz, des planches pour livres d’enfants à Pont-à-Mousson ou de l’enseignement à Wissembourg. Ceci indépendamment de l’image comme souvenir religieux, que ce soit pour le baptême ou la confirmation chez les protestants, la première communion chez les catholiques. L’analyse porte ensuite sur chacun des thèmes évoqués, en donnant l’un ou l’autre texte d’utilisateur ou de règlement officiel. A côté de thèmes plus populaires ( Crédit est mort, La dispute de la culotte... ) de planches religieuses voire de prières de la fin du Moyen Age), l’enfance a été une cible commerciale importante. Celle-ci justifie d’autres choix avec les manuels scolaires, des livres de conte : naissent alors des firmes spécialisées parisiennes, tandis que ces imageries se tournent vers d’autres secteurs, la publicité pour Epinal, les affiches de bistrot pour Wissembourg. Mais le temps de l’imagerie est alors révolu...
La presse périodique pour la jeunesse au xviii e siècle : essor et fragilité
Authors: Plagnol-Diéval Marie-Emmanuelle
Published: January 2014

Les publications de littérature à l’usage de la jeunesse se développent dès le xviii e  siècle. Visant à transmettre un enseignement civique et moral à un public spécifique, ces titres évoluent vers des périodicités régulières. L’article étudie en particulier le travail d’Arnaud Berquin et celui de Louis-François Jauffret, initiateurs de plusieurs publications, mais aussi passeurs. Ils permettent en effet la traduction et l’adaptation d’une littérature qui fleurit alors dans l’ensemble de l’Europe. Ces publications qui mêlent discours didactique et représentations du lectorat destinataire influencent durablement la production pour la jeunesse.
Les représentations de la sexualité dans Jeune & Jolie
Authors: Legouge Patricia
Published: January 2014

L’analyse des discours sur la sexualité dans Jeune & Jolie sur une période de vingt ans souligne leur potentiel politique. Rarement de simples modes d’emploi du plaisir sexuel, ces représentations constituent des enjeux des rapports sociaux (de sexe, de classe, de génération, de race). Si ces discours ont évolué (la médiatisation du VIH est un moment historique), les injonctions de genre sont répétées : la sexualité pour les femmes est nécessairement envisagée dans un cadre amoureux et conjugal, la disponibilité sexuelle ne signifie pas une appétence autonome revendiquée, et la première expérience sexuelle est dramatisée.
Des jeux vidéo et des adolescents
Authors: Lignon Fanny
Published: January 2014

L’ambition de cet article est de fournir aux chercheurs des données qui leur permettront d’interroger l’histoire des jeux vidéo sous l’angle du genre. Une enquête est présentée qui a été conduite auprès d’élèves filles et garçons scolarisés en France dans le secondaire. Elle fait le point sur leur vécu vidéoludique et permet d’identifier, de façon raisonnée, les types de jeux, d’univers et de personnages qu’ils et elles plébiscitent. Si certaines idées reçues se trouvent confirmées, d’autre sont battues en brèche.
Arhipelaške identitete, narava in pomen zavarovanih naravnih območij
Authors: Siivonen Katriina
Published: January 2014

V besedilu avtorica obravnava razmerja med krajevnimi identitetami v jugozahodnem finskem arhipelagu in načini delovanja Arhipelaškega narodnega parka in Arhipelaškega rezervata morske biosfere. Analiza se osredinja na različne rabe arhipelaškega morskega področja glede na lokalno prebivalstvo in obiskovalce.
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The author analyzes the relationship between local identities in the Southwest Finland Archipelago and the working principles of the Archipelago National Park and the Archipelago Sea Biosphere Reserve. The analysis focuses on different uses of the Archipelago Sea area by local residents and visitors.
Are Open-Fit Hearing Aids A Possible Alternative to Bone-Anchored Hearing Devices in Patients with Mild to Severe Hearing Loss? A Preliminary Trial
Authors: Ostevik Amberley V. , Caissie Rachel , Verge Janine , Gulliver Mark , Hodgetts William E.
Published: January 2014

Open-fit hearing aids (OFHAs) may be of benefit for some individuals with chronic outer and middle ear conditions for which boneanchored hearing devices (BAHDs) are normally recommended. The purpose of this study was to compare performance between OFHAs and BAHDs. A Starkey Destiny 800 OFHA was fit on eight adult BAHD users and speech perception measures in quiet and in background noise were compared under two different test conditions: i) BAHD only and ii) OFHA only. Equivalent outcome measure performance between these two conditions suggests that the OFHA was able to provide sufficient amplification for mild to moderate degrees of hearing loss (pure-tone averages (PTAs) less than 47 dB HL). The improved speech perception performances and increased loudness ratings observed for several of the participants with moderately-severe to severe degrees of hearing loss (PTAs of 47 dB HL or greater) in the BAHD only condition suggest that the OFHA did not provide sufficient amplification for these individuals. Therefore, OFHAs may be a successful alternative to the BAHD for individuals with no more than a moderate conductive hearing loss who are unable or unwilling to undergo implant surgery or unable to wear conventional hearing aids due to allergies, irritation, or chronic infection associated with the ear being blocked with a shell or earmold.
SECOND-GENERATION TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS (TKI) AS SALVAGE THERAPY FOR RESISTANT OR INTOLERANT PATIENTS TO PRIOR TKIs
Authors: Breccia Massimo , Alimena Giuliana
Published: January 2014

With the advent of target therapies, imatinib became the mainstay for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, despite the brilliant results obtained with this drug, more than 30% of patients discontinue therapy in long-term due to several reasons, including failure and/or intolerance. Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are more potent drugs and have expanded inhibition against a broad spectrum of mutations resistant to imatinib. Both nilotinib and dasatinib have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo clinical activity against different types of mutations and various forms of resistance. However, patients with T315I mutation do not obtain an advantage from these drugs and a third generation inhibitor ponatinib, a pan-BCR drug, was tested with significant results. In this review, we report the results of second- and third-generation TKIs tested as second or third line therapy in patients resistant and/or intolerant to previous inhibitors.
DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT PML/RARΑ BCR ISOFORMS IN INDIAN ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (APL) PATIENTS AND CLINICOHEMATOLOGICAL CORRELATION
Authors: Chatterjee Tathagata , Gupta Srishti , Sharma Ajay , Sharma Sanjeevan , Ganguli Prosenjit
Published: January 2014

Context: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), an  AML subtype, is characterized  morphologically by abnormal promyelocytes. Molecular studies show three possible bcr isoforms of PML- RARα fusion gene . This study undertakes analysis of PML-RARα bcr isoforms and their correlation with  hematological parameters  and  response to treatment in Indian patients. Aims: To study different bcr isoforms in Indian patients and to find any correlation with various hematological parameters and response to treatment Settings and Design: Patients diagnosed as APL on morphology or flowcytometry and confirmed by RQ PCR were  included in the study. Treated APL patients or patients with relapse and  on follow up were excluded from the study. Methods and Material:   Twenty  patients over  thirty one months  period were included. The clinical, hematological & morphological features were analysed, the latter using  routine & special cytochemical stains on    blood and bone marrow . Flow cytometric evaluation  using 4-color Beckman Coulter FC 500  and  molecular studies  using RT PCR FusionQuant® kits for bcr-1, bcr-2  and  bcr-3 on the instrument  Rotor Gene™ 3000 were  performed . Statistical analysis used: Student t test was applied to correlate different bcr isoforms with various haematological parameters and response to treatment. Results: In our study , M:F ratio was 1.5:1 with  median age  42 years, Hb - 8.0 g/dl,  TLC-7900/μl, and platelet – 35000/ μl and varied clinical presentation. Four patients were microgranular variants and rest  hypergranular . MPO and CAE  positivity was   100% and 33.33% for NSE. Molecular analysis revealed bcr1 in 42.85% , bcr2 in 14.28% and bcr 3 in 38.09 % patients. No correlation was found between bcr isoforms , different hematological parameters and response to treatment. Conclusions: Higher incidence of bcr-1 was found in Indian APL patients with no significant correlation between different hematological parameters and response to treatment.
Influence of acute haemodynamic changes on the oxygen saturation during electro-convulsive therapy
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Surve Rohini , Sriganesh Kamath , Tirthalli Jagadisha , Subbakrishna Doddaballapur , Umamaheswara Rao Ganne
Published: January 2014

Background: Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for various psychiatric disorders. Among the various complications associated with ECT, acute haemodynamic responses and decrease in the oxygen saturation are the most common. The current study is designed to evaluate the relationship between the haemodynamic response and oxygen de-saturation occurring during ECT. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing modified ECT for their psychiatric illness over a one-year period were prospectively included in this observational study. The following parameters were collected from each patient: Age, body mass index (BMI), doses of thiopentone and suxamethonium, stimulus current, ECT session number, pre-and post-ECT heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, seizure duration and pre- and post-ECT oxygen saturation. Results: The incidence of oxygen de-saturation was 27% (139/507 sessions). The change in the heart rate and systolic blood pressure caused by ECT and the BMI of the patient were independently predictive of the change in the oxygen saturation. Conclusions: The current study identified ECT-induced acute haemodynamic changes as independent predictors of severity of oxygen de-saturation.
Simplicity of Some Twin Tree Automorphism Groups with Trivial Commutation Relations
Authors: Morita Jun , Rémy Bertrand
Published: January 2014

We prove simplicity for incomplete rank 2 Kac-Moody groups over algebraic closures of finite fields with trivial commutation relations between root groups corresponding to prenilpotent pairs. We don't use the (yet unknown) simplicity of the corresponding finitely generated groups (i.e., when the ground field is finite). Nevertheless we use the fact that the latter groups are just infinite (modulo center).
Impact of Ramadan on Clinical and Microbiologic Parameters of Patients Seen at a Diarrheal Hospital in Urban Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1996–2012
Authors: Leung Daniel T. , Das Sumon K. , Malek M. A. , Qadri Firdausi , Faruque A. S. G. , Ryan Edward T.
Published: January 2014

Ramadan is a month in the Islamic calendar when Muslims fast during daylight hours. We used data from the surveillance system of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a predominantly Muslim country, to compare the etiology and clinical presentation of patients who presented with diarrhea during Ramadan to that of control periods, defined as the 30 days immediately before Ramadan. The proportion of infecting pathogens was largely the same, although Shigella spp. were less likely to be identified during Ramadan. Clinical presentations during Ramadan among adult Muslim diarrheal patients were also comparable to those admitted during control periods. A subgroup of cholera patients who presented after sunset during Ramadan had a shorter duration of diarrhea and higher prevalence of severe thirst, drowsiness, and severe dehydration. Our findings suggest that Ramadan has few effects on the profile of enteric pathogens and clinical features of adults seeking medical care for diarrhea.
A “Reverse July Effect”: Association Between Timing of Admission, Medical Team Workload, and 30-Day Readmission Rate
Authors: Averbukh Yelena , Southern William
Published: January 2014

Background

High teaching team workload has been associated with poor supervision and worse patient outcomes, yet it is unclear whether this association is more pronounced during the early months of the academic year when the residents are less experienced.

Objective

We examined the associations between teaching team workload, timing of admission, and the 30-day readmission rate.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, all admissions to an urban internal medicine teaching service over a 16-month period were divided into 2 groups based on admission date: early in the academic year (July–September) or late (October–June) and further defined as being admitted to “busy” versus “less busy” teams based on number of monthly admissions. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission rate. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent association between teaching team workload and readmission rates, stratified by time of year of admission after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results

Of 12 118 admissions examined, 2352 (19.4%) were admitted early in the year, and 9766 (80.6%) were admitted later. After multivariate adjustment, we found that patients admitted to busy versus less busy teams in the first quarter had similar 30-day readmission rate (odds ratio [OR]adj  =  1.03 [0.82–1.30]). Later year admission to a busy team was associated with increased risk of readmission after adjustment (ORadj  =  1.16 [1.03–1.30]).

Conclusions

Admission to busy teams early in the year was not associated with increased odds of 30-day readmission, whereas admission later in the year to busy teams was associated with 16% increased odds of readmission.
Ability of the Physician Well-Being Index to Identify Residents in Distress
Authors: Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Satele Daniel , Sloan Jeff , Shanafelt Tait D.
Published: January 2014

Background

Resident well-being impacts competence, professionalism, career satisfaction, and the quality of care delivered to patients.

Objective

We established normative scores and reported evidence of relationship between the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) score to other variables and consequence validity for the PWBI in a national sample of residents, and evaluated the performance of the index after substituting the original fatigue item with an item not associated with driving a car.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of a national sample of 20 475 residents. The survey included the PWBI, instruments assessing mental quality of life (QOL) and fatigue, and items on recent suicidal ideation and medical error. Fisher exact test or Wilcoxon/2-sample t test procedures were used with a 5% type I error rate and a 2-sided alternative.

Results

Of 7560 residents who opened the e-mail to participate in the study, 1701 (22.5%) completed the survey. Residents with low mental QOL, high fatigue, or recent suicidal ideation were more likely to endorse each of the PWBI items and a greater number of total items (all P < .001). At a threshold score of ≥ 5, the PWBI's specificity for identifying residents with low mental QOL, high fatigue, or recent suicidal ideation was 83.6%. PWBI score also stratified residents' self-reported medical errors. The PWBI performed similarly using either fatigue item.

Conclusions

The 7-item PWBI appears to be a useful screening index to identify residents whose degree of distress may negatively impact the quality of care they deliver.
Effect of a Rapid Response Team on Patient Outcomes in a Community-Based Teaching Hospital
Authors: Segon Ankur , Ahmad Shahryar , Segon Yogita , Kumar Vivek , Friedman Harvey , Ali Muhammad
Published: January 2014

Background

Rapid response teams have been adopted across hospitals to reduce the rate of inpatient cardiopulmonary arrest. Yet, data are not uniform on their effectiveness across university and community settings.

Objective

The objective of our study was to determine the impact of rapid response teams on patient outcomes in a community teaching hospital with 24/7 resident coverage.

Methods

Our retrospective chart review of preintervention-postintervention data included all patients admitted between January 2004 and April 2006. Rapid response teams were initiated in March 2005. The outcomes of interest were inpatient mortality, unexpected transfer to the intensive care unit, code blue (cardiac or pulmonary arrest) per 1000 discharges, and length of stay in the intensive care unit.

Results

Rapid response teams were activated 213 times during the intervention period. There was no statistically significant difference in inpatient mortality (3.13% preintervention versus 2.91% postintervention), code blue calls (3.09 versus 2.89 per 1000 discharges), or unexpected transfers of patients to the intensive care unit (15.8% versus 15.5%).

Conclusions

The implementation of a rapid response team did not appear to affect overall mortality and code blue calls in a community-based hospital with 24/7 resident coverage.
Simulation-Based Assessment to Evaluate Cognitive Performance in an Anesthesiology Residency Program
Authors: Sidi Avner , Baslanti Tezcan Ozrazgat , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Lampotang Samsun
Published: January 2014

Background

Problem solving in a clinical context requires knowledge and experience, and most traditional examinations for learners do not capture skills that are required in some situations where there is uncertainty about the proper course of action.

Objective

We sought to evaluate anesthesiology residents for deficiencies in cognitive performance within and across 3 clinical domains (operating room, trauma, and cardiac resuscitation) using simulation-based assessment.

Methods

Individual basic knowledge and cognitive performance in each simulation-based scenario were assessed in 47 residents using a 15- to 29-item scenario-specific checklist. For every scenario and item we calculated group error scenario rate (frequency) and individual (resident) item success. For all analyses, alpha was designated as 0.05.

Results

Postgraduate year (PGY)-3 and PGY-4 residents' cognitive items error rates were higher and success rates lower compared to basic and technical performance in each domain tested (P < .05). In the trauma and resuscitation scenarios, the cognitive error rate by PGY-4 residents was fairly high (0.29–0.5) and their cognitive success rate was low (0.5–0.68). The most common cognitive errors were anchoring, availability bias, premature closure, and confirmation bias.

Conclusions

Simulation-based assessment can differentiate between higher-order (cognitive) and lower-order (basic and technical) skills expected of relatively experienced (PGY-3 and PGY-4) anesthesiology residents. Simulation-based assessments can also highlight areas of relative strength and weakness in a resident group, and this information can be used to guide curricular modifications to address deficiencies in tasks requiring higher-order processing and cognition.
Stereotypes of problem gambling
Authors: Horch Jenny , Hodgins David
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Research supports the notion that problem gambling is stigmatized, yet little is known about stereotypes, a key variable in the stigmatization process. Method: University students (41 male, 110 female) generated words when presented with one of three labels: gambler, problem gambler, and gambling addict. An adjective checklist permitted participants to select words characteristic of problem gamblers and was administered to additional student (N=790) and problem gambling samples (N=74). Results: Content and frequency analyses revealed that problem gamblers were considered compulsive, impulsive, desperate, irresponsible, risk-taking, depressed, greedy, irrational, antisocial, and aggressive. Problem gambling and gambling addict labels generated more words regarding negative gambling consequences. Gambler resulted in more miscellaneous words (e.g., casino, money). Conclusions: Stereotype content was not entirely inaccurate and the label gambler was not neutral. Future research could examine which aspect of stereotype content invites stigmatization.
The Role of Collaboration in Secondary Agriculture Teacher Career Satisfactin and Career Retention
Authors: De Lay Ann M. , Washburn Shannon G.
Published: January 2014

The teaching profession is not without its share of challenges. Many teachers enter the professional ranks only to immediately search for the nearest exit. Teacher socialization has been shown to improve teachers’ professional outlooks, slowing the exodus. In this phenomenological study, nine interviews were conducted with three experienced, mid-career, secondary agriculture teachers. Two questions guided the research: How do experienced secondary agriculture teachers (1) perceive and (2) experience the role of teacher collaboration in their career satisfaction and retention? Findings suggest profession- al collaboration had a positive impact on teachers’ career satisfaction, lessening the impact of challenges related to dissatisfaction and leading to greater retention.
Exploring the Relationship between Professor/Student Rapport and Students' Expectancy for Success and Values/Goals in College of Agriculture Classrooms
Authors: Estepp Christopher M. , Roberts T. Grady
Published: January 2014

Recent reports have indicated that many undergraduate students have become unmotivated and unen- gaged in the learning process. As a result, calls have been made for instructors in higher education to implement classroom interventions to help better engage students in the learning process. Research has shown that creating a hospitable learning environment can help increase students’ motivational levels, which should help increase student engagement. One possible way of creating a hospitable classroom environment is by increasing professor/student rapport. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to de- termine the relationships between professor/student rapport and students’ motivation, operationalized as expectancy for success and values/goals. This study was conducted with students enrolled in large clas- ses (50 or more students) in the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Florida. Participants in this descriptive correlational study mostly agreed that they possess good rapport with their instructors. Additionally, results showed that students have higher than intermediate levels of ex- pectancy for success and values/goals for the class. Lastly, a moderate positive relationship was found between rapport and students’ expectancy for success and a substantial positive relationship was found between rapport and values/goals.
Does Prior Experience in Secondary Agricultural Mechanics Affect Pre-service Agricultural Education Teachers' Intentions to Enroll in Post-secondary Agricultural Mechanics Coursework?
Authors: Wells Trent , Perry Dustin K. , Anderson Ryan G. , Shultz Matthew J. , Paulsen Thomas H.
Published: January 2014

Agricultural mechanics coursework has historically been considered an important and necessary con- struct of the secondary agricultural education curriculum (Burris, Robinson, & Terry, 2005). With ex- pectations of offering secondary agricultural mechanics coursework apparent, it is vital that agricultural education teachers be prepared to address these curriculum needs. Recent evidence (Burris, McLaugh- lin, McCulloch, Brashears, & Fraze, 2010) indicated that many agricultural education teachers (particu- larly early-career teachers) felt less comfortable teaching agricultural mechanics than other agricultural content areas. Hubert and Leising (2000) indicated, on average, potential agriculture education teachers are only required to enroll in two (2) three-credit hour courses to meet certification requirements. The purpose of this study was to describe potential relationships between the quantity of agricultural mechan- ics training and skills received at the secondary and at the post-secondary levels. Correlations were cal- culated to determine the magnitude of these relationships. Statistically significant, positive correlations were found in each of the skill areas. The researchers recommend that agricultural mechanics course- work be increased and enhanced at teacher preparation institutions. Also, the modernization of second- ary and post-secondary agricultural mechanics facilities and curricula to reflect increases in available technologies should be considered as a method to enhance students’ interests in the content area.
Sustainability of Professional Development to Enhance Student Achievement: A Shift in the Professional Development Paradigm
Authors: Stachler Wendi Mizer , Young R. Brent , Borr Mari
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe the sustainability of professional development, specifically the teacher utilization of the Science-in-CTE pedagogical model and science-enhanced agricultural education lessons in curricula one year following the Science-in-CTE pilot study. This quasi- experimental study included 41 teachers (15 treatment agricultural education, 14 control agricultural education, and 12 science) who participated in seven days of professional development in the pilot study in 2009-2010. This study was a partial replication of the Math-in-CTE follow-up study and data were collected using a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were obtained from online questionnaires and qualitative data were collected from personal and telephone interviews. Researchers found that a majority of the treatment agricultural education and science teachers voluntarily incorporated portions of the seven-element pedagogical model and 15 science-enhanced lessons into their curricula one year later. However, less than 30% of the control agricultural education teachers incorporated the method or materials from the pilot study into their curricula. Findings suggest that collaborative, extended professional development is sustainable and an effective method of integrating science content into agricultural education curricula to enhance student course achievement without reducing the intent of the agricultural education program.
Model study on the dependence of primary marine aerosol emission on the sea surface temperature
Authors: Barthel S. , Tegen I. , Wolke R. , van Pinxteren M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Primary marine aerosol composed of sea salt and organic material is an important contributor to the global aerosol load. By comparing measurements from two EMEP (co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmissions of air-pollutants in Europe) intensive campaigns in June 2006 and January 2007 with results from an atmospheric transport model this work shows that accounting for the influence of the sea surface temperature on the emission of primary marine aerosol improves the model results towards the measurements in both months. Different sea surface temperature dependencies were evaluated. Using correction functions based on Sofiev et al. (2011) and Jaeglé et al. (2011) improves the model results for coarse mode particles. In contrast, for the fine mode aerosols no best correction function could be found. The model captures the low sodium concentrations at the marine station Virolahti II (Finland), which is influenced by air masses from the low salinity Baltic Sea, as well as the higher concentrations at Cabauw (Netherlands) and Auchencorth Moss (Scotland). These results indicate a shift towards smaller sizes with lower salinity for the emission of dry sea salt aerosols. Organic material was simulated as part of primary marine aerosol assuming an internal mixture with sea salt. A comparison of the model results for primary organic carbon with measurements by a Berner-impactor at Sao Vincente (Cape Verde) indicated that the model underpredicted the observed organic carbon concentration. This leads to the conclusion that the formation of secondary organic material needs to be included in the model to improve the agreement with the measurements.
Assessment of open thermodynamic system concepts for fluviokarst temperature calculations – an example, the Cent-Fonts resurgence (Hérault, France)
Authors: Machetel P. , Yuen D. A.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. We propose to assess the error done when temperature is considered as a conservative tracer in fluviokarst studies. As a matter of fact, heat exchanges occur between karstic Conduit System (CS) and Porous Fractured Matrix (PFM) that prevents from using this approximation without caution. The conservative tracer approximation boils down to consider the cooling of CS water by PFM flow in an open thermodynamic system where the CS is bounded by an Adiabatic Wall (AW). The resulting CS water temperature contrasts with the one obtained from more complete models (CW), which also take into account heat conduction within the CS, within the PFM, and from the CS to PFM through CS a Conductive Wall. In order to assess first orders of this error, the dimensionless equations, characteristic of CS cooling by PFM, have been solved thanks to Alternate Finite Difference Implicit methods both in AW and CW configurations. Four groups of dimensionless numbers appear in the various terms of energy and mass equations among which the Peclet and Reynolds numbers depict the large morphologic and hydrologic variability of natural karstic systems. A parametric exploration of the differences between AW and CW models has then been conducted vs. Peclet numbers (Pe numbers varying from 106 to 109, at constant CS Reynolds number) and vs. Reynolds numbers (Red varying from 103 to 107, at constant Peclet number). The error curves bound finite volumes in the Peclet–Reynolds space that converge uniformly to zero for the extreme values of these parameters. However, for Peclet and Reynolds numbers characteristic of realistic fluviokarst configurations, the errors reach finite values, that give first order information assessing the error done by considering temperatures as conservative tracers. Maximum relative errors around 10−2 (in fact 0.0092) have been found varying Pe; while it remained slightly lower than 0.7 × 10−2 varying Red. An illustrative example of the temperature conservative tracer AW approximation is presented with the data obtained from the main morphologic and hydrologic properties of the Cent–Font resurgence (Hérault, France). According to the results, the error reached at the output of the fluviokarst is 0.00613 (for Pe = 1.4993 × 108 and Red = 4.2969 × 104). When rescaled to the physical domain, this error leads to a temperature difference of 1.77 K between the CW and AW configurations.
From San Francisco to Tōhoku – 111 yr of continuous earthquake recording in Göttingen
Authors: Steffen H. , Brunk W. , Leven M. , Wedeken U.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. In 1902, the so-called Erdbebenhaus (earthquake house) was built in the garden of the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Göttingen to host and protect the very sensitive and fragile seismographs designed by Emil Wiechert. These instruments were the standard at their time, and they are still in operation today, documenting 111 yr of almost continuous seismological observations. Since 2005, the observatory is owned by the Wiechert'sche Erdbebenwarte Göttingen e.V. (Wiechert's earthquake observatory in Göttingen, registered society). This society aims at extending the observational record and protecting the observatory as a cultural heritage. In this paper we review the history of the observatory in the last 111 yr. Special attention is given to the developments in the last decade, when the observatory and further historic buildings and instruments changed ownership. Due to the efforts by the society, the observatory is still running now and open to the public. In addition, it is a part of the German Regional Seismic Network and, thus, observations can be used for scientific investigations.
INTEGRATION OF LIDAR AND 3D MODELLING FOR THE ANALYSIS OF A FLOODING EVENT
Authors: Guarnieri A. , Gregoretti C. , Pirotti F. , Vettore A.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Laser scanner technology can be very useful for applications relative to surveying river-beds with high and very high resolution (sampling heights at one meter spacing or less). A 3D model of structures including the river-bed, sides and contiguous areas allows to develop rigorous hydraulic models relative to flooding predictions and to the estimation of relative damages. In the field of hydraulic modelling, an important role has been played by 3D modelling when the flooding of the Bacchiglione River in 2010. Laser scanner techniques have been used for the rapid and accurate definition of which areas are prone to high risk and to potential damage in the case of bursting of river banks. The results allow estimating the amount of safety in particular cases which depend on the presence of natural and/or artificial protection structures which prevent devastation of houses or other human-made artefacts by acting as an obstacle to the water flow.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN EXPERIMENTS FOR HYDROGEOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Barazzetti L. , Scaioni M. , Feng T. , Qiao G. , Lu P. , Tong X. , Li R.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The construction of scaled-down simulation platforms is largely used to support investigations for the assessment of hydrological risk. Achieved outcomes can be integrated and assimilated to numerical analyses for the study of unstable slope collapse, debris transport, and hydrological modeling in general. During design of such simulation platforms, a relevant role has to be given to the spatial sensor network (SSN) to deploy, which is in charge of collecting geo-referenced, quantitative information during experiments. Photogrammetry (including 3D imaging sensors) can play an important role in SSN owing to its capability of collecting 2D images and 3D point clouds data covering wide surfaces without any contact. Different kinds of metric measurements can be then extracted from datasets. The aim of this paper is to give an overview and some examples on the potential of photogrammetry in hydrogeological experiments. After a general introduction on a few preliminary issues (sensors, calibration, ground reference, usage of imaging or ranging sensors), potential applications are classified into 2D and 3D categories. Examples are focused on a scaled-down landslide simulation platform developed at Tongji University (Shanghai, P. R. China).