bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a prospective multicenter longitudinal randomized controlled trial (CALIN) of sensory-tonic stimulation to foster parent child interactions and social cognition in very premature infants
Authors: Guittard Cassandre , Novo Alexandre , Eutrope Julien , Gower Corinne , Barbe Coralie , Bednarek Nathalie , Rolland Anne-Catherine , Caillies Stéphanie , Loron Gauthier
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Premature birth is associated with long-term somatic and neurological disorders, including cognitive, social and behavioral impairments. Moreover, the mothers of infants born preterm exhibit a higher prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms after birth. Early rehabilitation, developmental care, and parenting support have already been shown to have a positive impact on neurological outcome. However, no randomized controlled study has so far assessed the effects on parenting and long-term neurological outcomes of proprioceptive stimulation to trigger positive brain plasticity in very preterm babies. The CALIN project will therefore investigate the impact of sensory-tonic stimulation (STS) of extremely preterm infants by their parents on child parent interactions, infants' morphological and functional brain development and subsequent cognition (including social cognition), and parents' anxiety and depressive symptoms in the postpartum period.

Methods and analysis

Infants born between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation will be randomly assigned to the “STS + Kangaroo care” or “Kangaroo care” group. The primary endpoint, child and parent interactions, will be rated at 12 months corrected age using the Coding Interactive Behavior system. Secondary endpoints include: 1/functional and anatomical brain maturation sequentially assessed during neonatal hospitalization using electroencephalogram (EEG), amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG), cranial ultrasound and MRI performed at term-corrected age, 2/social and cognitive outcomes assessed at 15 months, 2, 4 and 6 years, and 3/parents' anxiety and depressive symptoms assessed at 7 ± 1 weeks after birth, using dedicated questionnaires.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the French Ethics Committee for the Protection of Persons on 18 October 2021. It is registered with the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM; no. 2020-A00382–37). The registry number on ClinicalTrials.gov is NCT04380051.
Case report: Fatal infantile hypertonic myofibrillar myopathy with compound heterozygous mutations in the CRYAB gene
Authors: Zhang Shan-shan , Gu Li-niu , Zhang Teng , Xu Lu , Wei Xiang , Chen Su-hong , Shi Su-jie , Sun Da-quan , Zhou Shao-hong , Zhao Qian-ye
Published: January 2023

Background

Fatal infantile hypertonic myofibrillar myopathy (FIHMM) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease characterized by amyotrophy, progressive flexion contracture and ankylosis of the trunk and limb muscles, apnea and respiratory failure, and increased creatine phosphate levels. It is caused by mutations in the CRYAB gene, and only around 18 cases including genetic mutations have been reported worldwide. All patients with FIHMM develop respiratory distress, progressive stiffness of the limbs, and have a poor prognosis. However, no effective treatment for CRYAB-associated respiratory failure has been reported. Here, we report a case of FIHMM with a novel heterozygous missense mutation.

Case Presentation

A 2-year-old female developed scoliosis of the lumbar spine and restrictive ventilatory dysfunction in infancy. She was admitted to the hospital with labored breathing on the third day after the second injection of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine. Acute respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and cardiac arrest arose in the patient during hospitalization, and progressive stiffness of the trunk and limb muscles appeared, accompanied by obvious abdominal distension and an increase in phosphocreatine kinase levels. Screenings for genetic metabolic diseases in the blood and urine were normal. Electromyography revealed mild myogenic damage. A muscle biopsy indicated the accumulation of desmin, α-crystallin, and myotilin in the musculus biceps brachii, and dense granules were observed in muscle fibers using electron microscopy. Mutation analysis of CRYAB revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation in the proband, c.302A > C (p.His101Pro) and c.3G > A (p.Met1Ile), which inherited from her asymptomatic, heterozygous carrier parents, respectively. The proband was finally diagnosed as FIHMM. One month after the FIHMM diagnosis, the child died of respiratory failure.

Conclusion

We report a case of FIHMM with a novel heterozygous missense mutation of CRYAB. This finding might improve our understanding of FIHMM and highlight a novel mutation in the Chinese population.
Association between genetic variants and development of antibodies to infliximab: A cross-sectional study in Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Zhu Kouzhu , Ding Xiaoliang , Chen Zhiyao , Xi Qinhua , Pang Xueqin , Chen Weichang , Miao Liyan
Published: January 2023

Aims: Genetic variants increase the susceptibility to anti-drug antibodies (ADA) in response to anti-TNF therapy in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about genetic variants in Chinese populations. This study aimed to identify genetic variants contributing to the risk of the development of antibodies to infliximab (ATI) in Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods: CD patients (n = 104) treated with infliximab (IFX) during the maintenance therapy were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. ATI was assessed by an in-house developed drug-tolerant ELISA method. ATI titers of 1:20 and ≥1:60 were considered a low titer and a high titer, respectively. Thirteen types of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 13 genes involved in the immune process, the susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases, cytokines and apoptosis pathways were investigated.

Results: The median trough levels of infliximab (TLI) in patients with clinical remission (CR) were higher than those in patients without CR (3.80 vs. 1.50 μg/mL, p < .001). The median TLI in patients with high-titer ATI was significantly lower than that in ATI-negative patients (1.15 vs. 4.48 μg/mL, p < .001) or those with low-titer ATI (1.15 vs. 2.95 μg/mL, p = .03). The HLA-DQA1*05 rs2097432 GG and GA genotypes were more frequent in patients with ATI (GG and AG vs. AA, 27/38 = 71.05% vs. 29/66 = 43.94%, OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.19–7.30, p = .02). Patients carrying the CC and AC genotypes of rs396991 in FCGR3A were associated with a higher frequency of ATI formation (CC and AC vs. AA, 37/57 = 64.91% vs. 19/47 = 40.43%, OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.24–6.96, p = .01). According to the number of variants in rs2097432 and rs393991, patients with two variants had a higher proportion of producing ATI (two variants vs. no variant, 17/21 = 80.95% vs. 9/30 = 30.00%, OR 9.92, 95% CI 2.59–37.87, p = .001; single variant vs. no variant, 30/53 = 56.60% vs. 9/30 = 30.00%, OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.18–7.88, p = .02). No association was found between other SNPs and ATI production.

Conclusion: Rs2097432 in HLA-DQA1*05 and rs396991 in FCGR3A are associated with ATI production in Chinese patients with CD. A pharmacogenomic strategy could help with the clinical management of CD.
Exploring cryptic amyloidogenic regions in prion-like proteins from plants
Authors: Pintado-Grima Carlos , Santos Jaime , Iglesias Valentín , Manglano-Artuñedo Zoe , Pallarès Irantzu , Ventura Salvador
Published: January 2023

Prion-like domains (PrLDs) are intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of low sequence complexity with a similar composition to yeast prion domains. PrLDs-containing proteins have been involved in different organisms’ regulatory processes. Regions of moderate amyloid propensity within IDRs have been shown to assemble autonomously into amyloid fibrils. These sequences tend to be rich in polar amino acids and often escape from the detection of classical bioinformatics screenings that look for highly aggregation-prone hydrophobic sequence stretches. We defined them as cryptic amyloidogenic regions (CARs) and recently developed an integrated database that collects thousands of predicted CARs in IDRs. CARs seem to be evolutionary conserved among disordered regions because of their potential to stablish functional contacts with other biomolecules. Here we have focused on identifying and characterizing CARs in prion-like proteins (pCARs) from plants, a lineage that has been poorly studied in comparison with other prionomes. We confirmed the intrinsic amyloid potential for a selected pCAR from Arabidopsis thaliana and explored functional enrichments and compositional bias of pCARs in plant prion-like proteins.
Genetic diversity analysis and fingerprint construction of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) clonal seed orchard
Authors: Yan Pingyu , Xie Zixiong , Feng Kele , Qiu Xinyu , Zhang Lei , Zhang Hanguo
Published: January 2023

Korean pine is a native tree species in Northeast China. In order to meet the needs of germplasm resource evaluation and molecular marker-assisted breeding of Korean pine, we collected Korean pine clones from 7 populations in Northeast China, analyzed the genetic diversity and genetic structure by SSR molecular marker technology and clustered them to revealed the inter- and intrapopulation differentiation characteristics of each clone. The fingerprint profiles of 161 Korean pine clones were also constructed. 77 alleles were detected for 11 markers, and 18 genotypes were identified on average for each marker. The PIC of the different markers ranged from 0.155-0.855, and the combination of PI and PIsibs for the 11 markers was 3.1 × 10-8 and 1.14 × 10-3, respectively. MANOVA showed that genetic variation existed mainly within populations, accounting for 98% of the total variation. The level of genetic differentiation among populations was low, with an average Nm between populations of 11.036. Genetic diversity is lower in the Lushuihe population and higher in the Tieli population. The 161 Korean pine clones were divided into 4 or 7 populations, and the 7 populations were not clearly distinguished from each other, with only the Lushuihe population showing partial differentiation. There is no significant correlation between the genetic distance of Korean pine populations and the geographical distance of their superior tree sources. This result can provide recommendations for future Korean pine breeding programs. The combination of 11 markers could completely distinguish 161 clones and establish the fingerprint. Genetic diversity of Korean pine clones from the 7 populations was abundant, and the genetic distances of individuals and populations were evenly dispersed. The fingerprint map can be used for the identification of Korean pine clones.
The effect of visual attention process and thinking styles on environmental aesthetic preference: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Chen Wan , Ruan Rongbin , Deng Weiwei , Gao Junxi
Published: January 2023

People often form different aesthetic preferences for natural and built environments, which affects their behavioral intention; however, it remains unknown whether this difference in aesthetic preference is due to differences in thinking styles. However, whether tourists’ aesthetic preferences differ when using different visual attention processes has not been studied further. This study used eye-tracking and self-reporting to investigate these questions. The results show that natural environment images are more favored visually because they can evoke in tourists larger pupil diameters and longer scan paths, but we found no significant difference in fixation duration and fixation counts. We also found that the scanning path of tourists who predominantly rely on intuitive thinking is modulated by the bottom-up attention process, while the scanning path of tourists who prefer rational thinking is modulated by the top-down attention process. In the bottom-up process, tourists who prefer rational thinking exhibit more positive aesthetic preferences and emotional arousal. In summary, the present study verified that aesthetic preference is more likely to be influenced by both thinking style and visual attention processing. The results of the present work provide preliminary evidence that the aesthetic preference of the environment is not only related to visual attention but also affected by the individual visual attention process and thinking style.
Why scapegoating can ruin an apology: The mediated-moderation model of appropriate crisis response messages in the context of South Korea
Authors: Youk Sungbin , Park Hee Sun
Published: January 2023

Introduction

As South Korean companies frequently use apologies for various crisis situations and pair them with other types of crisis response strategies (i.e., scapegoating), theory-driven recommendations for crisis response messages may fall short in practice. This study empirically examines the effectiveness of two crisis response messages (i.e., apology + compensation vs. apology + scapegoating) by integrating the theory of communicative responsibility and situational crisis communication theory.

Methods

South Korean participants (n = 392) read one of two vignettes: the vignettes described an automobile company’s apology for malfunctioning seat belts which included either compensation or scapegoating. The participant’s perceived communicative responsibility, appropriateness of the apology, and reputation of the company were measured. Process analysis was conducted to examine the mediated-moderation effect of the crisis response messages.

Results and Discussion

The findings indicate that an apology that is provided with compensation is more appropriate than those with scapegoating. The appropriateness is moderated by the perceived symmetry in communicative responsibility, and fully mediates the relationship between apology type and reputation. This study integrates two theoretical models to examine the mechanism behind the crisis response strategies from the perspective of the message receivers, while considering the cultural and normative context of South Korea.
The more academic burnout students got, the more problematic mobile phone use they suffered? A meta-analysis of mainland Chinese adolescents and young adults
Authors: Li Shunyu , Xu Mengmeng , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Xiaotong
Published: January 2023

Introduction

In recent years, the relationship between academic burnout (AB) and problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has become the hot issue of scholars, and a lot of related research has been carried out, but the results are different. Most studies showed that there was a significant positive correlation between AB and PMPU. However, some studies showed that the relationship between AB and PMPU was not significant. While this study aimed at exploring the relationship between AB and PMPU, as well as the influence of some moderating factors (region, age, gender, publication year, the measurement instrument) on them.

Methods

According to the searching process for studies of PRISMA, we searched the related studies on AB and PMPU in Mainland China from January 2012 to November 2022 from CNKI, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP), Baidu scholar, ProQuest dissertations, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO and PsyclNFO. Eventually, 50 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 38,488 subjects, with the sample size ranging from 193 to 2,260. CMA 3.0 was used to analyze the overall effect and test the moderating effect.

Results

The result shows that the relationship between AB and PMPU can be considered as a moderate correlation (r = 0.414, 95%CI [0.384, 0.443]), and moderator analysis shows that the relationship between AB and PMPU was moderated by the measurement instrument and publication year.

Discussion

Specifically, when the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale and the Smartphone Addiction Scale for College Students were used as PMPU measurement tools, the correlation coefficients between AB and PMPU were higher. When the publication year was used as a moderating variable, the relationship between AB and PMPU increased over the years.

Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022347277, identifier PROSPERO CRD42022347277.
Evaluating emotional labor from a career management perspective
Authors: Hu Yunhong , Tu Wei , Zhou Li , Wu Xin , Yan Qi
Published: January 2023

Emotional labor claims its significance as the key indicator both of the psychological health of contemporary employees, and the productivity of service-based businesses depending upon genuine emotional input of employees. By far, research on emotional labor of employees in an organizational context is still lacking. This study aims to explore the relationships among emotional labor, organizational support, career competences and career commitment to investigate how emotional labor interacts with the organizational context and affects the career management of the employee. Data were collected from a sample of 387 frontline employees working at two luxury hotel brands in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to estimate the relationships among the constructs. It is demonstrated by the findings that organizational support mediates positively on emotional labor, which exerts positive influences on career competences and career commitment. Sound handling of emotional labor, boosted by a supportive organizational environment, has been ascertained to positively predict long-term career paths of the employees at the company. This study provides insights into how the tourism and hospitality industry can optimize the functions of emotional labor for in enhancing service quality and customer satisfaction, as well as promoting the psychological well-being of the employees.
Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Wang Wenzhuang , Yang Shangjian
Published: January 2023

Based on human motivation theory and self-determination theory, this study investigated the impact of coaches’ transformational leadership on athletes’ well-being, and the influences of gender and athletes’ basic psychological needs. The survey objects comprised of 432 athletes participating in the Hebei Games in China. The results showed that coaches’ transformational leadership could significantly and positively predict athletes’ well-being. Basic psychological needs had a mediating effect on the relationship between coaches’ transformational leadership and athletes’ well-being. Gender significantly moderated the effect between athletes’ basic psychological needs satisfaction and subjective well-being. Compared with male athletes, female athletes had their basic psychological needs met, and the improvement in their well-being was more significant than the males. Coaches should adapt their transformational leadership to directly improve athletes’ well-being and indirectly achieve their well-being by satisfying the athletes’ basic psychological needs.
Mental distress links with physical activities, sedentary lifestyle, social support, and sleep problems: A Syrian population cross-sectional study
Authors: Swed Sarya , Alibrahim Hidar , Bohsas Haidara , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Elsayed Mohamed , Almoshantaf Mohammad B. , Kadri Saeed A. , Sawaf Bisher , Albuni Mhd Kutaiba , Battikh Elias , Elkalagi Nashaat K. , Ahmed Safaa M. , Ahmed Eman M. , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Patwary Muhammad Mainuddin , Shoib Sheikh , Hafez Wael
Published: January 2023

Background

Mental diseases are very widespread and difficult to treat, affecting around 12% of the global population in 2019. Since social interaction is crucial to human existence and loneliness has been proven to be a significant predictor of depressive symptoms, it stands to reason that social connection problems would also contribute to depression. Physical inactivity seems to weaken and aggravate insulin tolerance alterations, glucose homeostasis, and plasma triglyceride levels, thereby influencing one's mood and happiness. This suggests that physical inactivity may be a significant risk factor for mental illness. This research contributes to our understanding of the mental health situation in Syria by exploring associations between a set of measurable characteristics that may be adjusted.

Methods

An online quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2022 in Syria, using a structured questionnaire that assesses data on behaviors of health, health in general, wellbeing, and adult population quality of life.

Results

Among 1,224 respondents (371 men and 853 women), women have shown higher levels of mental distress, sleep issues, low engagement in structured activities, and a difficult work environment than men. Women experiencing mental anguish have reported being more sedentary, participating in less scheduled activities, and receiving less social support.

Conclusions

There are observable connections between high sedentary time and women experiencing mental distress. The mental health of Syrian women in distress was associated with a lack of participation in both organized activities and physical exercise in their free time. Furthermore, sleep issues and financial troubles were seen in persons with mental diseases of both males and females.
Various neuromodulation methods including Deep Brain Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle combined with psychopharmacotherapy of treatment-resistant depression—Case report
Authors: Rymaszewska Joanna , Wieczorek Tomasz , Fila-Witecka Karolina , Smarzewska Katarzyna , Weiser Artur , Piotrowski Patryk , Tabakow Paweł
Published: January 2023

Background

Treatment-resistant depression remains one of the main concerns of modern psychiatry. Novel methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (including deep and theta burst protocols, iTBS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) can be considered as alternative treatment options.

Case presentation

Twenty-nine-year-old Caucasian female, single, higher-educated was treated with major depressive disorder initially with standard pharmaco- and psychotherapy. Due to diagnosed treatment resistance additional therapeutic approaches were introduced sequentially: Electroconvulsive therapy (efficient only 4 months) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation, iTBS improved just insomnia). Finally the patient was enrolled to the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) study with the medial forebrain bundle target. After 20 months of active DBS a reduction of over 80% of depressive symptom severity was observed (Montgomery-Asberg and Hamilton Depression Rating Scales), together with an 87% reduction of anxiety symptoms intensity (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and a 90% increase in social and occupational functioning. Subjective assessment of the patient performed with questionnaires and visual analog scales showed less pronounced improvement in terms of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and high reduction of anhedonia. Some mild, transient side effects of neurostimulation were eliminated with an adjustment in stimulation parameters.

Conclusions

The presented clinical case confirms the possibility of achieving remission after the use of MFB DBS in treatment-resistant depression, but postponed for many months. Nevertheless, personalization of every combined therapy with DBS is necessary with exploration of individual factors as past traumas and personality traits. More reports on long-term observations in DBS treatment in TRD trials (especially focused on MFB target) are needed.
A quantitative and qualitative examination of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. veterans with self-reported anxiety and alcohol use disorder
Authors: Duarte Brooke A. , Kelly Megan M. , Shirk Steven D. , Chamberlin Elizabeth S. , Reilly Erin D.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic generated concerns about rising stress and alcohol use, especially in U.S. veterans who experience high rates of anxiety disorders (ADs), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and dual AD+AUD diagnoses. This study investigated differences among these diagnostic groups in a veteran population related to their concern about COVID-19, impacts of COVID-19 on quality of life, and self-reported changes to urge to drink and drinking frequency.

Methods

A nationally administered online survey was given to a sample of U.S. veterans reporting substance use issues during the pandemic. Differences in the level of concern about COVID-19, impacts of COVID-19 on quality of life, and drinking behaviors were examined in those self-reporting AD (n = 98), AUD (n = 46), or AD+AUD (n = 67). Consensual qualitative research was used to analyze an open-ended question about COVID-19’s impact on substance use, health, and quality of life.

Results

Veterans with AD+AUD experienced significant increases in urge to drink and alcohol consumption compared to veterans with AD only. Greater urge and frequency of drinking were associated with greater negative impacts of COVID-19 on quality of life. There were no differences among groups in global negative impact on quality of life or level of COVID-19 concern. However, respondents described specific COVID-19 worries, with qualitative findings revealing that those with AD+AUD reported a disproportionate psychosocial burden due to the pandemic.

Discussion

Special attention in screening and treatment should be given to those with a dual AD+AUD diagnosis who may be experiencing both an increase in alcohol use and psychosocial burden as stress increases due to the pandemic.
Estimating the future global dose demand for measles–rubella microarray patches
Authors: Ko Melissa , Malvolti Stefano , Cherian Thomas , Mantel Carsten , Biellik Robin , Jarrahian Courtney , Menozzi-Arnaud Marion , Amorij Jean-Pierre , Christiansen Hans , Papania Mark J. , Meltzer Martin I. , Masresha Balcha Girma , Pastor Desiree , Durrheim David N. , Giersing Birgitte , Hasso-Agopsowicz Mateusz
Published: January 2023

Background

Progress toward measles and rubella (MR) elimination has stagnated as countries are unable to reach the required 95% vaccine coverage. Microarray patches (MAPs) are anticipated to offer significant programmatic advantages to needle and syringe (N/S) presentation and increase MR vaccination coverage. A demand forecast analysis of the programmatic doses required (PDR) could accelerate MR-MAP development by informing the size and return of the investment required to manufacture MAPs.

Methods

Unconstrained global MR-MAP demand for 2030–2040 was estimated for three scenarios, for groups of countries with similar characteristics (archetypes), and four types of uses of MR-MAPs (use cases). The base scenario 1 assumed that MR-MAPs would replace a share of MR doses delivered by N/S, and that MAPs can reach a proportion of previously unimmunised populations. Scenario 2 assumed that MR-MAPs would be piloted in selected countries in each region of the World Health Organization (WHO); and scenario 3 explored introduction of MR-MAPs earlier in countries with the lowest measles vaccine coverage and highest MR disease burden. We conducted sensitivity analyses to measure the impact of data uncertainty.

Results

For the base scenario (1), the estimated global PDR for MR-MAPs was forecasted at 30 million doses in 2030 and increased to 220 million doses by 2040. Compared to scenario 1, scenario 2 resulted in an overall decrease in PDR of 18%, and scenario 3 resulted in a 21% increase in PDR between 2030 and 2040. Sensitivity analyses revealed that assumptions around the anticipated reach or coverage of MR-MAPs, particularly in the hard-to-reach and MOV populations, and the market penetration of MR-MAPs significantly impacted the estimated PDR.

Conclusions

Significant demand is expected for MR-MAPs between 2030 and 2040, however, efforts are required to address remaining data quality, uncertainties and gaps that underpin the assumptions in this analysis.
Trend of disease burden and risk factors of breast cancer in developing countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Lv Linlin , Zhao Binggong , Kang Jie , Li Shujing , Wu Huijian
Published: January 2023

Background

The incidence, mortality, burden of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors of breast cancer vary significantly by country or region, particularly between developing and developed countries. This study aimed to analyze breast cancer development trends in developing countries based on the influence of the different sociodemographic indices (SDIs) and World Bank (WB) income-level disease data from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

Data on the annual incidence, mortality, DALY, years of life lost (YLL) prematurely, years lived with disability (YLD), and age-standardized rate (ASR) of breast cancer from 1990 to 2019 in different countries and territories were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. A comparative risk assessment (CRA) framework was used to analyze the general risk factors.

Results

The global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) gradually increased from 21.44 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 24.17 per 100,000 population in 2019. It rose precipitously to 2.91- and 2.49-fold, respectively, for countries with middle SDIs and low-middle SDIs. The ASIR of breast cancer was increasing in the lower-middle-income levels in WB, with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of 0.29 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 0.20–0.37] and reduced income (EAPC of 0.59 [95% UI: 0.53–0.65]). The Solomon Islands and the United Arab Emirates observed the most significant increase in the magnitude of deaths from breast cancer cases. Compared to the death cases of 1990, percentage changes increased separately by 1,169 and 851%. Compared to developed areas, breast cancer-related deaths increased rapidly in developing regions, especially among the middle-aged and elderly groups. Meanwhile, the long-term burden of breast cancer was ever expanding. Of all the GBD regions, Oceania had the youngest age distribution. The deaths in the young and middle-aged groups accounted for 69% in 1990 and 72% in 2019. Percentage changes in deaths from the seven risk factors in low- to middle-SDI regions increased significantly over time across all age groups. However, a diet with high red meat and high body mass index (BMI) accounted for the most considerable increase in the magnitude.

Conclusion

Public health policy regarding breast cancer is fundamental in low- and medium-income countries. The development and adoption of cost-effective screening and therapeutic solutions, the mitigation of risk factors, and the establishment of a cancer infrastructure are essential.
Factors influencing the health satisfaction of users of public health and medical institutions in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Kichan , Lee Munjae
Published: January 2023

Introduction

In this study, we investigated the health satisfaction levels of users of regional health and medical institutions in South Korea and the influencing factors.

Methods

We included randomly selected 300 people with experience in using health and medical institutions from panel data targeting the entire nation. We used questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and sociodemographic characteristics to analyze the health satisfaction. EQ-5D-5L was used to measure health-related quality of life in five areas: mobility, self-management, daily activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was performed in three steps to examine the factors influencing health satisfaction.

Results

The analysis showed that the health satisfaction was positively (+) correlated with monthly income, mobility, self-management, daily life, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, and negatively (−) correlated with the number of chronic diseases and type of health insurance. The influencing factors in Step 1 and 2 were chronic diseases (β = −0.380, −0.385), respectively. The influencing factors in Step 3 were pain/discomfort (β = 0.202), anxiety/depression (β = 0.257), and the number of chronic diseases (β = −0.222).

Discussions

The current data suggested that regional health and medical institutions should focus their services on residents with chronic diseases. Moreover, they should expand physical activities to relieve physical pain or discomfort and provide services related to mental health. To accomplish these, we suggested that the government will need to promote post-service health checkup results as a key project, provide user-customized services, provide online services utilizing ICT, expanding the government's financial support, and building infrastructure.
Assessment of blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing for bacterial sepsis diagnosis and utilization of results by clinicians in Benin: A qualitative study
Authors: Legba Brice Boris , Dougnon Victorien , Koudokpon Hornel , Mero Sointu , Elovainio Riku , Parry Matti , Bankole Honoré , Haukka Kaisa
Published: January 2023

Objectives

We assessed the current status of blood culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) practices in clinical laboratories in Benin, and how the laboratory results are used by physicians to prescribe antibiotics.

Methods

The qualitative study covered twenty-five clinical laboratories with a bacteriology unit and associated hospitals and pharmacies. Altogether 159 laboratory staff, physicians and pharmacists were interviewed about their perceptions of the state of laboratory diagnostics related to sepsis and the use of antibiotics. Face-to-face interviews based on structured questionnaires were supported by direct observations when visiting five laboratories in across the country.

Results

Only 6 laboratories (24%) conducted blood cultures, half of them with a maximum of 10 samples per month. The most common gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood cultures were: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi while the most common gram-positives were Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. None of the laboratories listed Klebsiella pneumoniae among the three most common bacteria isolated from blood cultures, although other evidence indicates that it is the most common cause of sepsis in Benin. Due to limited testing capacity, physicians most commonly use empirical antibiotic therapy.

Conclusions

More resources are needed to develop laboratory testing capacity, technical skills in bacterial identification, AST, quality assurance, and communication of results must be strengthened.
Patient satisfaction with nurses' care is positively related to the nurse–patient relationship in Chinese hospitals: A multicentre study
Authors: Guo Shujie , Chang Yulan , Chang Hongwei , He Xiaoxiao , Zhang Qiuxue , Song Baoyun , Liu Yilan
Published: January 2023

Background

The nurse–patient relationship and nursing care satisfaction are important factors that represent whether patients experience the care they expect from nurses. However, research is lacking on the relationship between nursing staff and patients, and the correlation between nursing care satisfaction and relationship care in China. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between the nurse–patient relationship and patients' satisfaction with nursing care, to form a basis for corresponding intervention measures.

Methods

A total of 29,108 patients from 107 hospitals in 30 provinces/municipalities in China completed a general information questionnaire, the Nursing Care Satisfaction Scale, and Relational Care Scale.

Results

The average nurse–patient relational care scale score was 4.38 ± 0.57, and the average patients' satisfaction with nursing care scale score was 5.40 ± 0.86. Nursing care satisfaction score was significantly related to differences among patients in different age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, residence, family per capita monthly income, type of medical insurance, medical department, and regional patient characteristics. The correlation analysis showed that the total nurse–patient relational care score and its three dimensions of caring, trust, and professional ethics correlated positively with nursing care satisfaction scores. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that patients' age, marital status, region, department, income, type of medical insurance and the caring, trust, and professional ethics dimensions of relational care predicted nursing care satisfaction.

Conclusion

Enhancing nurse–patient relational care improves nursing care satisfaction, reduces nurse–patient disputes, promotes early rehabilitation of patients, and ensures patient safety.
Associations between neighborhood walkability and walking following residential relocation: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project
Authors: McCormack Gavin R. , Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Vena Jennifer E. , Oka Koichiro , Nakaya Tomoki , Chapman Jonathan , Martinson Ryan , Matsalla Graham
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Cross-sectional studies consistently find that the neighborhood built environment (e.g., walkability) is associated with walking. However, findings from the few existing longitudinal residential relocation studies that have estimated associations between changes in neighborhood built characteristics and walking are equivocal. The study objective was to estimate whether changes in neighborhood walkability resulting from residential relocation were associated with leisure, transportation, and total walking levels among adults.

Methods

This study included longitudinal data from the “Alberta's Tomorrow Project”—a province-wide cohort study (Alberta, Canada). The analysis included data collected at two time points (i.e., baseline and follow-up) from 5,977 urban adults. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) captured self-reported walking. We estimated neighborhood walkability, an index capturing intersection, destination, and population counts for the 400 m Euclidean buffer around participants' homes. Using household postal codes reported at baseline and follow-up, we categorized participants into three groups reflecting residential relocation (“non-movers:” n = 5,679; “movers to less walkability:” n = 164, and; “movers to more walkability:” n = 134). We used Inverse-Probability-Weighted Regression Adjustment to estimate differences [i.e., average treatment effects in the treated (ATET)] in weekly minutes of leisure, transportation, and total walking at follow-up between residential relocation groups, adjusting for baseline walking, sociodemographic characteristics, and walkability. The median time between baseline and follow-up was 2-years.

Results

The three residential relocation groups mainly included women (61.6–67.2%) and had a mean age of between 52.2 and 55.7 years. Compared to “non-movers” (reference group), weekly minutes of transportation walking at follow-up was significantly lower among adults who moved to less walkable neighborhoods (ATET: −41.34, 95 CI: −68.30, −14.39; p < 0.01). We found no other statistically significant differences in walking between the groups.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that relocating to less walkable neighborhoods could have detrimental effects on transportation walking to the extent of adversely affecting health. Public health strategies that counteract the negative impacts of low walkable neighborhoods and leverage the supportiveness of high walkable neighborhoods might promote more walking.
Perspectives on learning to practice reflexivity while engaging communities in implementation science
Authors: Woodward Eva N. , Ball Irenia A.
Published: January 2023

Background

As implementation scientists and practitioners engage community members and service users, reflexivity rises as a critical approach for managing power imbalances and effective collaborative work to promote equity. Reflexivity is an approach for acknowledging scientists’ own positions, including their understanding and limits of how they view their phenomena of inquiry. We describe our perspective practicing reflexivity as an implementation science team new to community engagement.

Methods

We spent over two years learning principles of Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) to inform implementation science and practice, then applied CPBR principles into a new community-academic partnership in August 2020 for and with veterans of the United States Military living in rural Arkansas. We used five methods to practice reflexivity for the first time: identifying positionality, writing fieldnotes, obtaining mentorship on technical aspects, comparing head notes, and consulting reference materials.

Discussion

We found multiple methods for practicing reflexivity to be feasible, although difficult to stay consistent with busy schedules. Fieldnotes especially required commitment and were important not to minimize. Written fieldnotes enabled us to reflect on successes and missteps, funneling into action planning. Head notes allowed emotional catharsis and to generate insights based on each other's perspectives. Referencing books or course modules reminded us of ideal CBPR principles. Discussion with mentors helped us with technical aspects and balancing real-world challenges with ideal CBPR principles. Our methods to practice reflexivity were valuable and directly impacted process and research outcomes. Future training for implementation science and practice might consider reflexivity practice as a core competency.
Robot tool use: A survey
Authors: Qin Meiying , Brawer Jake , Scassellati Brian
Published: January 2023

Using human tools can significantly benefit robots in many application domains. Such ability would allow robots to solve problems that they were unable to without tools. However, robot tool use is a challenging task. Tool use was initially considered to be the ability that distinguishes human beings from other animals. We identify three skills required for robot tool use: perception, manipulation, and high-level cognition skills. While both general manipulation tasks and tool use tasks require the same level of perception accuracy, there are unique manipulation and cognition challenges in robot tool use. In this survey, we first define robot tool use. The definition highlighted the skills required for robot tool use. The skills coincide with an affordance model which defined a three-way relation between actions, objects, and effects. We also compile a taxonomy of robot tool use with insights from animal tool use literature. Our definition and taxonomy lay a theoretical foundation for future robot tool use studies and also serve as practical guidelines for robot tool use applications. We first categorize tool use based on the context of the task. The contexts are highly similar for the same task (e.g., cutting) innon-causal tool use, while the contexts forcausal tool useare diverse. We further categorize causal tool use based on the task complexity suggested in animal tool use studies intosingle-manipulation tool useandmultiple-manipulation tool use. Single-manipulation tool use are sub-categorized based on tool features and prior experiences of tool use. This type of tool may be considered as building blocks of causal tool use. Multiple-manipulation tool use combines these building blocks in different ways. The different combinations categorize multiple-manipulation tool use. Moreover, we identify different skills required in each sub-type in the taxonomy. We then review previous studies on robot tool use based on the taxonomy and describe how the relations are learned in these studies. We conclude with a discussion of the current applications of robot tool use and open questions to address future robot tool use.
Assessment of the arrival signatures of the March 2012 CME–CME interaction event with respect to Mercury, Venus, Earth, STEREO-B, and Mars locations
Authors: Soni Shirsh Lata , Selvakumaran R. , Thampi R. Satheesh
Published: January 2023

In March 2012, favorable positions of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and STEREO-B in the inner Solar System provided an opportunity to understand the global structure and the propagation of two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) across the inner Solar System. On 7 March 2012, the Sun ejected two very fast CMEs from the solar active region NOAA AR11489, which were accompanied by two X-class flares. Initialization and subsequent fast expansion from lower coronal heights of flux rope structures were detected as their early eruption signatures in Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) observations. White-light observations have been imaged using SOHO/LASCO and STEREO/SECCHI/COR2 and followed from 00:24 UT on 7 March 2012. We examined the kinematics of the reported CMEs and found a significant exchange of momentum and kinetic energy during the interaction, indicating that the collision was almost inelastic. Furthermore, we observed the arrival of this merged CME event at different distances in the inner Solar System and compared the arrival time with other models. The reported event arrived on Mercury at 04:30 UT; Venus, at 13:28 UT on 7 March 2012; and it took roughly 36 h to reach STEREO-B on 08 March, 03:36 UT. The arrivals at Mercury and Venus are observed in the magnetometer measurements onboard MESSENGER and Venus Express (VEx), respectively. A powerful interplanetary shock was observed on 08 March, 10:19 UT at Earth around 30 h after the two X-class flares and CMEs’ eruption. Subsequently, a south-directed interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was observed on Earth, indicating the arrival of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME). This event caused the sudden storm commencement and development of one of the major intense geomagnetic storms of SC 24, with a minimum Dst value of −148 nT. The observations by the Mars Express (MEX) mission indicated the arrival of a merged CME ∼2.5 days after its initial observation at Sun. We have analyzed the evolution of these CMEs and their propagation in the inner heliosphere and arrival signatures at four planetary locations. The propagation and arrival signatures are compared to simulations using the WSA-ENLIL + Cone model and the drag-based model at various vantage points. The study showcases the importance of multi-vantage point observations in understanding the propagation of CMEs and their interactions.