bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of online peer assessment on higher‐order thinking: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhan Ying , Yan Zi , Wan Zhi Hong , Wang Xiang , Zeng Ye , Yang Min , Yang Lan
Published: February 2023

Online peer assessment (OPA) has been increasingly adopted to develop students' higher‐order thinking (HOT). However, there has not been a synthesis of research findings on its effects. To fill this gap, 17 papers (published from 2000 to 2022) that reported either a comparison between a group using OPA (n = 7; k = 22) and a control group or a pre–post comparison (n = 10; k = 17) were reviewed in this meta‐analysis. The overall effect of OPA on HOT was significant (g = 0.76). Furthermore, OPA exerted more significant effects on convergent HOT (eg, critical thinking, reasoning and reflective thinking; g = 0.97) than on divergent HOT (eg, creativity and problem‐solving; g = 0.38). Reciprocal roles and anonymity were found to positively moderate the impacts of OPA on HOT, although their moderating effects were not statistically significant because of small sample size of studies in the analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis reinforce the arguments for regarding OPA as a powerful learning tool to facilitate students' HOT development and reveal important factors that should be considered when adopting OPA to enhance students' HOT.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Online peer assessment (OPA) has significant positive impacts on learning achievement.

OPA has been regarded as a potential approach to cultivating students' higher‐order thinking (HOT) but has not been proved by meta‐analysis.

OPA should be carefully designed to maximise its effectiveness on learning.

What this paper adds

OPA has been proved to significantly positively influence students' HOT via meta‐analysis.

OPA exerted more significant effects on convergent HOT than on divergent HOT.

The potential of reciprocal roles and anonymity for moderating the impacts of OPA on HOT should not be underestimated.

Implications for practice and/or policy

OPA could be a wise choice for practitioners when they help students to achieve a balanced development of HOT dispositions and skills.

Students' divergent HOT can be encouraged in their uptake of peer feedback and by allowing them autonomy in deciding assessment criteria.

OPA with design elements of reciprocal roles and anonymity has great potential to promote students' HOT.
State of the Art of Molecular Visualization in Immersive Virtual Environments
Authors: Kuťák David , Vázquez Pere‐Pau , Isenberg Tobias , Krone Michael , Baaden Marc , Byška Jan , Kozlíková Barbora , Miao Haichao
Published: February 2023

Visualization plays a crucial role in molecular and structural biology. It has been successfully applied to a variety of tasks, including structural analysis and interactive drug design. While some of the challenges in this area can be overcome with more advanced visualization and interaction techniques, others are challenging primarily due to the limitations of the hardware devices used to interact with the visualized content. Consequently, visualization researchers are increasingly trying to take advantage of new technologies to facilitate the work of domain scientists. Some typical problems associated with classic 2D interfaces, such as regular desktop computers, are a lack of natural spatial understanding and interaction, and a limited field of view. These problems could be solved by immersive virtual environments and corresponding hardware, such as virtual reality head‐mounted displays. Thus, researchers are investigating the potential of immersive virtual environments in the field of molecular visualization. There is already a body of work ranging from educational approaches to protein visualization to applications for collaborative drug design. This review focuses on molecular visualization in immersive virtual environments as a whole, aiming to cover this area comprehensively. We divide the existing papers into different groups based on their application areas, and types of tasks performed. Furthermore, we also include a list of available software tools. We conclude the report with a discussion of potential future research on molecular visualization in immersive environments.
Focal adhesion formation of primary human gingival fibroblast on hydrothermally and in‐sol‐made TiO2‐coated titanium
Authors: Riivari Sini , Närvä Elisa , Kangasniemi Ilkka , Willberg Jaana , Närhi Timo
Published: February 2023

Optimal cell adhesion of the gingival fibroblasts to dental implants is important for maintaining good implant integration. The aim of this study was to discover, if the nanoporous TiO2‐coating on titanium alloy substrates is able to increase the cell adhesion of the human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The study consisted of three differently produced titanium groups: hydrothermally produced TiO2‐coating (HT), novel TiO2‐coating made in sol (SOL), and noncoated control group. Primary HGF cells were initiated from gingival biopsies from patients having a third molar extraction. HGF were cultivated on titanium discs for 2 and 24 h to determine the initial attachment with confocal microscope. The cell spreading and adhesion protein signals were measured. In addition, expression of adhesion proteins vinculin, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were measured after 3 days of cultivation by using Western Blotting. Higher protein levels of paxillin, vinculin, and FAK were induced on both coated discs compared to noncoated discs. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) concerning expression of paxillin. The cell spreading was significantly larger on SOL discs after 2 and 24 h when comparing to noncoated controls. The confocal microscope analyses revealed significantly higher adhesion protein signals on both HT‐ and SOL‐coated titanium compared to control group. This study showed, that both methods to produce TiO2‐coatings are able to increase HGF adhesion protein expression and cell spreading on titanium surface. Accordingly, the coatings can potentially improve the gingival attachment to titanium implant surfaces.
Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of zoliflodacin granules for oral suspension: Phase I open‐label randomized cross‐over study in healthy subjects
Authors: Luckey Alison , Alirol Emilie , Delhomme Sophie , O'Donnell John , Bettiol Esther , Mueller John , O'Brien Seamus , Gillon Jean‐Yves
Published: February 2023

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection for which antibiotic treatment options have declined due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Zoliflodacin, an investigational oral spiropyrimidinetrione antibiotic with activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains that are multidrug‐resistant, including to third‐generation cephalosporins, is in phase III development for uncomplicated gonorrhea. This phase I, parallel, open‐label, randomized, crossover study in healthy adults evaluated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of single 3 or 4 g doses of zoliflodacin administered as granules for oral suspension in the fasted state or after consumption of a standardized high‐fat meal. Forty‐seven out of 48 randomized subjects completed the study. Oral administration of zoliflodacin with food delayed the absorption rate, compared with fasted state, with time to maximum concentration (Tmax) increasing from 3 to 6 h for the 3 g dose, and 2.5 to 4 h for the 4 g dose, but had no impact on the elimination of zoliflodacin. The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to 24 h (AUC(0–24)) significantly increased with food by 52% and 94% for the 3 g dose, and by 89% and 108% for the 4 g dose. Forty‐two percent of participants reported a total of 34 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), which were all considered mild in severity. Headache was the most common TEAE (22/48 subjects, 45.8%) and the only TEAE reported in more than one subject. In conclusion, administration of single 3 and 4 g doses of zoliflodacin as granules for oral suspension, with a high‐fat meal was well‐tolerated and resulted in statistically significant increases in peak and overall systemic exposure to zoliflodacin.
Disaster mobilities, temporalities, and recovery: experiences of the tsunami in the Maldives
Authors: Kothari Uma , Arnall Alex , Azfa Aishath
Published: February 2023

Large‐scale disasters are frequently portrayed as temporally bounded, linear events after which survivors are encouraged to ‘move on’ as quickly as possible. In this paper, we explore how understandings of disaster mobilities and temporalities challenge such perspectives. Drawing on empirical research undertaken on Dhuvaafaru in the Maldives, a small island uninhabited until 2009 when it was populated by people displaced by the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, we examine what such understandings mean in the context of sudden population displacement followed by prolonged resettlement. The study reveals the diversity of disaster mobilities, how these reflect varied and complex temporalities of past, present, and future, and how processes of disaster recovery are temporally extended, uncertain, and often linger. In addition, the paper shows how attending to these dynamics contributes to understandings of how post‐disaster settlement brings stability for some people while producing ongoing feelings of loss, longing, and unsettlement in others.
Magnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy fordrug‐resistantepilepsy: A systematic review and individual participant datameta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Jia‐Shu , Lamoureux Audrey‐Anne , Shlobin Nathan A. , Elkaim Lior M. , Wang Andrew , Ibrahim George M. , Obaid Sami , Harroud Adil , Guadagno Elena , Dimentberg Evan , Bouthillier Alain , Bernhardt Boris C. , Nguyen Dang K. , Fallah Aria , Weil Alexander G.
Published: February 2023

Magnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has emerged as a popular minimally invasive alternative to open resective surgery for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). We sought to perform a systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis to identify independent predictors of seizure outcome and complications following MRgLITT for DRE. Eleven databases were searched from January 1, 2010 to February 6, 2021 using the terms “MR‐guided ablation therapy” and “epilepsy”. Multivariable mixed‐effects Cox and logistic regression identified predictors of time to seizure recurrence, seizure freedom, operative complications, and postoperative neurological deficits. From 8705 citations, 46 studies reporting on 450 MRgLITT DRE patients (mean age = 29.5 ± 18.1 years, 49.6% female) were included. Median postoperative seizure freedom and follow‐up duration were 15.5 and 19.0 months, respectively. Overall, 240 (57.8%) of 415 patients (excluding palliative corpus callosotomy) were seizure‐free at last follow‐up. Generalized seizure semiology (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78,p = .020) and nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (HR = 1.50,p = .032) independently predicted shorter time to seizure recurrence. Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM; odds ratio [OR] = 7.97,p < .001) and mesial temporal sclerosis/atrophy (MTS/A; OR = 2.21,p = .011) were independently associated with greater odds of seizure freedom at last follow‐up. Operative complications occurred in 28 (8.5%) of 330 patients and were independently associated with extratemporal ablations (OR = 5.40,p = .012) and nonlesional MRI studies (OR = 3.25,p = .017). Postoperative neurological deficits were observed in 53 (15.1%) of 352 patients and were independently predicted by hypothalamic hamartoma etiology (OR = 5.93,p = .006) and invasive electroencephalographic monitoring (OR = 4.83,p = .003). Overall, MRgLITT is particularly effective in treating patients with well‐circumscribed lesional DRE, such as CCM and MTS/A, but less effective in nonlesional cases or lesional cases with a more diffuse epileptogenic network associated with generalized seizures. This study identifies independent predictors of seizure freedom and complications following MRgLITT that may help further guide patient selection.
Coccygeal vertebral damage in a multiparous mare following head and tail rope‐assisted recovery from general anaesthesia
Authors: Jones Heather , Gillen Alexandra , Bardell David
Published: February 2023

An 18‐year‐old multiparous Thoroughbred mare with a 2‐month‐old foal at foot presented for investigation of colic. A right dorsal displacement of the large colon with a retroflexion of the pelvic flexure was corrected under general anaesthesia and interventional recovery using head and tail ropes was performed. The mare made multiple attempts to stand, using the ropes for support before achieving and maintaining a standing position. The following day, marked swelling around the perineal and vulval region was noted, combined with reduced tail tone. Urination, but not defaecation, had been observed following surgery. Transrectal ultrasonography indicated formation of a haematoma adjacent and ventral to the caudal sacral and first coccygeal vertebrae. Initial radiographic evaluation was suggestive of an oblique fracture of the caudal endplate of the first coccygeal vertebra, which was confirmed on repeat radiography 7 days later. Treatment included cold compresses to reduce swelling, multimodal analgesia, dietary modification to soften faecal consistency and regular manual evacuation of the rectum to avoid impaction. The mare was discharged after 19 days hospitalisation, gradually recovered the ability to defaecate and produced a viable foal the following year without assistance.
Urbanization can accelerate climate change by increasing soil N2O emission while reducing CH4 uptake
Authors: Zhan Yang , Yao Zhisheng , Groffman Peter M. , Xie Junfei , Wang Yan , Li Guangtao , Zheng Xunhua , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus
Published: February 2023

Urban land‐use change has the potential to affect local to global biogeochemical carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We conducted a meta‐analysis to (1) assess the effects of urbanization‐induced land‐use conversion on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes, (2) quantify direct N2O emission factors (EFd) of fertilized urban soils used, for example, as lawns or forests, and (3) identify the key drivers leading to flux changes associated with urbanization. On average, urbanization increases soil N2O emissions by 153%, to 3.0 kg N ha−1 year−1, while rates of soil CH4 uptake are reduced by 50%, to 2.0 kg C ha−1 year−1. The global mean annual N2O EFd of fertilized lawns and urban forests is 1.4%, suggesting that urban soils can be regional hotspots of N2O emissions. On a global basis, conversion of land to urban greenspaces has increased soil N2O emission by 0.46 Tg N2O‐N year−1 and decreased soil CH4 uptake by 0.58 Tg CH4‐C year−1. Urbanization driven changes in soil N2O emission and CH4 uptake are associated with changes in soil properties (bulk density, pH, total N content, and C/N ratio), increased temperature, and management practices, especially fertilizer use. Overall, our meta‐analysis shows that urbanization increases soil N2O emissions and reduces the role of soils as a sink for atmospheric CH4. These effects can be mitigated by avoiding soil compaction, reducing fertilization of lawns, and by restoring native ecosystems in urban landscapes.
Developing Miscanthus seed plug establishment protocols with mulch film for commercial upscaling
Authors: Ashman Chris , Awty‐Carroll Danny , Mos Michal , Kam Jason , Guerrini Sara , Calder Simon , Clifton‐Brown John
Published: February 2023

High‐yielding crops with C4 photosynthesis arising in tropical climates are being bred for, and increasingly grown in, temperate climates. Miscanthus, a C4 from Eastern Asia is a leading perennial biomass crop, but commercial deployment is limited by low temperatures in Northern Europe, low clonal multiplication rates and slow establishment rates requiring up to 4 years to reach mature yields. While new seeded hybrids have multiplication rates >2000, direct field sown seed has proven impractical. Protocols for safe establishment of seeded hybrids require that seedlings are raised in the glasshouse in compost filled modules (also known as ‘plugs’) which are transplanted into the field in springtime. To protect seedlings from damage from late frosts, drought and grazing and to increase temperature stimulating growth rates, plug plants were covered with oxo‐degradable plastic mulch film designed for maize. At two sites in the UK, this mulch film significantly reduced plant losses at transplanting and overwintering, increased stem heights and shoot counts, and reduced the time to mature yield from 4 to 3 years (p < 0.01). However, the breakdown products of oxo‐degradable mulch films contribute to microplastics in the soil. Therefore, further mulch film experiments were conducted with bio‐derived plastics which are bio‐degradable in soil at extruded thicknesses of 10, 18 and 30 microns. The 10 micron film combined sufficient strength for machine laying and worked as well as oxo‐degradable film on de‐risking establishment. Halving the mulch film widths covering 1 row rather than 2 reduced the amount of plastic by 25%. Commercial plug‐to‐field protocols are built on results from the plot experiments and field‐scale plantings over multiple years and locations and are ready for future upscaling of biomass production from seed‐based Miscanthus hybrids.
When research becomes practice: the concept of the therapeutic misconception and challenges to consent in clinical trials
Authors: Heynemann Sarah , Lipworth Wendy , McLachlan Sue‐Anne , Philip Jennifer , John Tom , Kerridge Ian
Published: February 2023

Many factors influence patients' decisions to participate in clinical trials. For many, the primary motivation is the possibility that they might derive some benefit from participation. This is particularly true for patients with limited treatment options, such as patients with advanced cancer. While this is not surprising, it is potentially problematic if patients fail to recognise the distinction between research and clinical care (a phenomenon known as the ‘therapeutic misconception’). This is becoming increasingly problematic as clinical trial designs become more complex, as clinical trials become more embedded in routine clinical care, and as trials are increasingly used by patients and clinicians to access new diagnostic platforms and therapies. We outline some of these recent trends, focusing on the cancer clinical trials landscape as this provides a good case study of the phenomenon. We conclude by making preliminary suggestions that changes to the consent process, perhaps using ‘dynamic consent’ platforms, might help to mitigate the therapeutic misconception and note the need for further research to guide strategies for improving communication and decision‐making.
Data‐driven prediction of room‐temperature density for multicomponent silicate‐based glasses
Authors: Gong Kai , Olivetti Elsa
Published: February 2023

Density is one of the most commonly measured or estimated material properties, especially for glasses and melts that are of significant interest to many fields, including metallurgy, geology, materials science, and sustainable cements. Here, three types of machine learning models (i.e., random forest [RF], artificial neural network [ANN], and Gaussian process regression [GPR]) have been developed to predict the room‐temperature density of glasses in the compositional space of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–FeO–Fe2O3–Na2O–K2O–MnO (CMASTFNKM), based on ∼2100 data points mined from ∼140 literature studies. The results show that the RF, ANN, and GPR models give accurate predictions of glass density with R2 values, root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of ∼0.95–0.97, ∼0.03–0.04 g/cm3 and ∼0.63%–0.83%, respectively, for the 15% testing set, which are more accurate compared with empirical density models based on ionic packing ratio (with R2 values, RMSE, and MAPE of ∼0.28–0.91, ∼0.05–0.15 g/cm3, and ∼1.40%–4.61%, respectively). Furthermore, glass density is shown to be a reliable reactivity indicator for a range of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CAS) and volcanic glasses due to its strong correlation (R2 values above ∼0.90) with the average metal–oxygen dissociation energy (a structural descriptor) of these glasses. Analysis of the predicted density–composition relationships from these models (for selected compositional subspaces) suggests that the single‐layer ANN and GPR models exhibit a certain level of transferability (i.e., ability to extrapolate to compositional spaces not [or less] covered in the database) and capture some known features, including the mixed alkaline earth (or alkali) effects.
Skilled labor and bank loan contracting
Authors: Cheng Lin , Li Rong , Ma Zhiming , Ruan Lufei
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the credit risk implications of a firm's reliance on skilled labor and provides an empirical analysis of the effect of skilled labor on loan contracting outcomes. Using a sample of listed US firms from 1998 to 2017, we predict and find that banks charge higher interest rates to firms relying on high‐skill workers than low‐skill workers. This effect is stronger for firms with higher asset‐based operating leverage, higher probabilities of employee turnover and severer conflicts of interest between equity holders and debt holders. In addition, consistent with the idea that banks consider the specific costs and benefits associated with skilled labor, we show that a firm's reliance on skilled labor is positively (negatively) associated with the relative usage of capital (performance) covenants. Our results hold when applying different matching methods, fixed‐effect models or exogenous shocks from two quasi‐natural experiments. Overall, our study demonstrates the impact of skilled labor, an important labor‐force heterogeneity, on debt contract design and contributes to the understanding of the interaction between labor and capital, that is, the two primary inputs of a firm.
Manipulation and obfuscation of financial reports
Authors: Lambertsen Nikolaj Niebuhr
Published: February 2023

Anecdotally, not all investors are able to read and understand the financial report. I consider a strategic reporting game where investors are bounded rational and only pay attention to randomly sampled parts of the financial report and then extrapolate the value of the firm based on this. The manager can both obfuscate and bias the financial report. Obfuscation works by disaggregating the report into any number of line items, modeled as nonnegative signals, whose mean is constrained to be equal to the biased profitability of the firm. There can be synergies between biasing and obfuscation, causing financial statements to be both less transparent and more biased when investors are extrapolative.
Aquaporin 5 maintains lens transparency by regulating the lysosomal pathway using circRNA
Authors: Shaohua Hu , Yihui Wang , Kaier Zhang , Ying Bai , Xiaoyi Wang , Hui Zhao , Guohu Di , Peng Chen
Published: February 2023

The lens is transparent, non‐vascular, elastic and wrapped in a transparent capsule. The lens oppacity of AQP5−/− mice was increased more than that of wild‐type (AQP5+/+) mice. In this study, we explored the potential functional role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and transcription factor HSF4 in lens opacity in aquaporin 5 (AQP5) knockout (AQP5−/−) mice. Autophagy was impaired in the lens tissues of AQP5−/− mice. Autophagic lysosomes in lens epithelial cells of AQP5−/− mice were increased compared with AQP5+/+ mice, based on analysis by transmission electron microscopy. The genetic information of the mice lens was obtained by high‐throughput sequencing, and then the downstream genes were analysed. A circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network related to lysosomal pathway was constructed by the bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed circRNAs. Based on the prediction of the TargetScan website and the validation by dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation‐qPCR, we found that circRNA (Chr16: 33421321‐33468183+) inhibited the function of HSF4 by sponging microRNA (miR‐149‐5p), and it downregulated the normal expression of lysosome‐related mRNAs. The accumulation of autophagic lysosome may be one of the reasons for the abnormal development of the lens in AQP5−/− mice.
Food safety considerations in the production of traditional fermented products: Japanese rice koji and miso
Authors: Allwood Joanne G. , Wakeling Lara T. , Post Laurie S. , Bean David C.
Published: February 2023

While established in Asia, rice koji and miso are fermented foods that are becoming more popular in western countries. They have been shown to contain a variety of microorganisms, consisting of bacteria, yeasts, and fungal species. Many contemporary miso varieties are not pasteurized as consumers are looking for more natural products, and/or have the desire to consume fermented foods containing live microorganisms. While correctly prepared fermented foods are rarely associated with food safety outbreaks, incidences have been recorded. On these occasions, pathogenic, or spoilage microorganisms were introduced into the products from external sources such as the raw material or the processing environment. Consequently, hygiene and fermentation conditions need to be carefully monitored to ensure food safety. Furthermore, many of the production steps during koji and miso manufacture do not fit into contemporary food safety guidelines for foods. Although pH is a required food safety hurdle for fermented foods, this does not apply to nonacidic foods such as koji or miso. This review focuses on control of microbial pathogens and discusses the processes of miso fermentation, and how fermentation of rice koji and miso fits with current food safety hurdles in western countries.
An interview with IASB Chair Dr. Andreas Barckow
Authors: Street Donna L. , Gordon Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2023

This paper provides an overview of two interviews conducted with Andreas Barckow where he reflected on his outlook for the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and his role as Chair. The interviews included (1) a discussion of the IASB′s Third Agenda Consultation Feedback Statement, (2) key areas for future collaborations of the IASB and the International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER) directed primarily at building the IASB's Research Capacity, (3) strategic challenges facing the IASB, (4) the formation of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) including the emerging model for the coexistence of the IASB and the ISSB and (5) the unique position the International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation holds as the only global organization to house both financial accounting reporting and sustainability disclosure standard‐setting boards. The interviews also addressed areas where the IAAER can encourage academic research to inform both the IASB and the IAASB and perhaps also the ISSB.
Carboniferous–Triassic tectonic and thermal evolution of the middle crust section of the Dervio–Olgiasca Zone (Southern Alps)
Authors: Real Christophe , Fassmer Kathrin , Carosi Rodolfo , Froitzheim Nikolaus , Rubatto Daniela , Groppo Chiara , Münker Carsten , Ferrando Simona
Published: February 2023

A well‐preserved remnant of the middle crust of the former Adriatic passive margin is exposed in the Southern Alps (Italy). The Dervio–Olgiasca Zone is located south of the Insubric Line along the northern part of Como Lake and, because of the lack of Alpine overprint, provides favourable conditions to investigate the pre‐Alpine (rift‐related) history. We reconstruct the P–T–t–d evolution of the Adria middle crust through petrological (petrography, mineral chemistry, thermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling) and geochronological (Lu/Hf in garnet and U–Pb in monazite) data from pegmatites and host micaschists. These data allow reconstruction of a complex tectono‐thermal evolution of the future proximal Adriatic margin at the onset of Alpine rifting. The amphibolite‐facies Carboniferous metamorphic basement (7.6–10 kbar and 610–660°C at 318–312 Ma) was affected by pervasive extensional deformation (5.1–7.6 kbar and 580–660°C) in the Middle‐ to Late‐Permian (257.5 ± 3.8 Ma). Pegmatite intruded at 249.8 ± 1.1 Ma in an extensional phase that re‐equilibrated rocks of the basement at 3.5–4.5 kbar and 560–600°C. During the Middle‐ to Late‐Triassic (241–235 Ma), the basement experienced static thermal recrystallization (T = 689 ± 41°C and ~5.0 kbar). This Late‐Anisian to Early‐Carnian thermal event was simultaneous with the emersion of carbonate platforms, volcanism and ore deposition in the future proximal Adriatic margin. The subsequent cooling of the middle crust was synchronous with large‐scale extensional detachments developed in the upper crust (e.g., the Lugano‐Val Grande Fault), which controlled the formation of the Monte Generoso Basin. This study reveals that the local post‐Carboniferous thinning and heating events recorded in the Adriatic middle crust were interconnected to other processes occurring at different crustal levels that were, in turn, induced by crustal stretching in the early stages of the Alpine rifting.
Current status and problems in the diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder from the perspective of obstetricians and gynecologists in Japan
Authors: Yoshimi Kana , Inoue Fumi , Odai Tamami , Shirato Nahoko , Watanabe Zen , Otsubo Tempei , Terauchi Masakazu , Takeda Takashi
Published: February 2023

Aim

To investigate the current status and problems in the diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) from the perspective of obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYNs) in Japan, the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) conducted a national‐wide survey.

Methods

An email survey was sent to all JSOG members (16 732) and a web‐based survey was conducted using a Google form between September and November 2021. The current status and problems in PMS/PMDD diagnosis and treatment were surveyed in this cross‐sectional study.

Results

In total, 1312 respondents (7.8% of all JSOG members) completed the questionnaire. In terms of diagnoses and treatment, OB/GYN was preferred over psychiatrist for PMS (91.4% vs. 45%); however, no differences were noted for PMDD (76.1% vs. 73.7%). A total of 1267 (96.6%) respondents engaged in routine PMS/PMDD treatment. Regarding the general diagnosis procedure, 84.4% respondents answered “only a vague medical interview,” 8.4% kept a two‐cycle symptom diary, and 10.3% used a screening questionnaire. The most commonly used medication was oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) (98.1%), followed by the Kampo, traditional Japanese herbal medicines, Kamishoyosan (73.6%). Concerning first‐line drugs for treatment, OCPs were the most common (76.8%), followed by Kampo medicine (19.5%); selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were less frequently used (2.6%). Regarding first‐line drugs among OCPs, 65.1% respondents reported drospirenone‐ethinylestradriol use.

Conclusions

This study indicates that only a few OB/GYNs practicing PMS/PMDD in Japan use a prospective diary, which is an essential diagnostic criterion for PMS/PMDD. Regarding treatment, SSRIs were used less frequently.
Risk of fractures and postfracture mortality in 3980 people with primary biliary cholangitis: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Schönau Johanna , Wester Axel , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Hagström Hannes
Published: February 2023

Background

Morbidity in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is multifactorial. Osteoporosis related to cholestasis is an extrahepatic complication of PBC. It is not fully established to what extent people with PBC have an increased risk for fractures, and if mortality after a fracture is increased, compared to the general population.

Methods

All Swedish people with PBC diagnosed between 2001 and 2016 were identified from the National Swedish Patient Register using ICD‐10 codes. Incident fractures were ascertained in the same register and compared to matched controls from the Swedish general population (1:10 for age, sex, and municipality). Cox regression was used to investigate the rates of fractures and postfracture mortality. The cumulative incidence of fractures was calculated while accounting for competing risks (death or liver transplantation).

Results

People with PBC (n = 3980) showed a higher risk of fractures at all‐time points during follow‐up compared to matched controls (n = 37,196), which was seen both in men and women. At 5 years of follow‐up, the cumulative incidence of any fracture in people with PBC was 16.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.6–18.1), compared to 11.6% (95%CI = 11.3–12.0) in controls. The rate of osteoporotic fractures was particularly high (adjusted Hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.9; 95% = CI 1.7–2.0). The 30‐day as well as the 1‐year mortality after a fracture was significantly higher in people with PBC compared to controls that also experienced a fracture (aHR = 2.2; 95%CI = 1.5–3.2; aHR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.7–2.4).

Conclusion

People with PBC have a significantly higher risk of fractures and postfracture mortality compared to matched controls from the general population.
The Utilization Profiles of Comprehensive School Mental and Behavioral Health Needs Among Adolescents*
Authors: Murphy Jennifer L. , Kim Youngmi
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Schools have become a primary access point for mental health services to cover the gap between need and service utilization that has long existed, particularly among vulnerable populations. This study aims to identify the profiles of comprehensive school mental and behavioral health system (CSMBHS) needs and examine related characteristics.

METHODS

We used the 2019 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) collected from a nationally representative sample in the United States. The sample included 6th through 12th‐grade adolescents who had received CSMBHS services in the last 12 months (N = 1346). The study conducted latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression using Vermunt's 3‐step approach.

RESULTS

The analysis identified 3 profiles of student CSMBHS service need: depression needs (42%), multiple endorsements in most needs (depressed, friend, and school problems; 6.5%), and low endorsement (51.4%). Findings suggest that the profiles differed by age, a lifetime major depressive episode, family income, and use of other mental health services.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH, POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

Emphasis should be placed on proactively identifying student needs and advocating for appropriate interventions based on student needs.

CONCLUSIONS

The study reveals important information regarding how schools best support students in need and in seeking services.
Effect of plasma transfusion on serum amyloid A concentration in healthy neonatal foals and foals with failure of transfer of passive immunity
Authors: Palmisano Megan , Javsicas Laura , McNaughten Justin , Gamsjäger Lisa , Renaud David L. , Gomez Diego E.
Published: February 2023

Background

Anecdotal evidence suggests plasma transfusions increase serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in healthy neonatal foals making this marker of inflammation inappropriate for therapeutic decision making in such animals.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Administration of hyperimmune fresh frozen plasma (FFP) increases SAA concentration in healthy foals and in foals with failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI).

Animals

Eighty‐six healthy foals.

Methods

Prospective cohort study. Foals <24 hours of age receiving plasma transfusion for treatment of FTPI (serum immunoglobulin G [IgG] concentrations <8 g/L; n = 17) or as a preventative measure forRhodococcus equiinfection (IgG >8 g/L; n = 33) were enrolled. A healthy nontransfused group of foals (IgG >8 g/L; n = 21) also was included. Serum amyloid A concentration was determined before (t0h) and after (t24h) administration of FFP. Changes in blood SAA concentration were assessed using linear regression models.

Results

No statistical differences were found in SAA concentration at t0h or t24h among the 3 groups (P > .05, for all comparisons). The variation in SAA concentration before (t0h) and after (t24h) plasma transfusion showed that administration of FFP was not associated with the changes in SAA concentration (P > .05). An association between SAA concentration at t0h and at 24 hours (P < .05) was identified, where foals with higher SAA concentration at t0h also had higher SAA concentration at t24h.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Administration of FFP to newborn foals was not associated with changes in SAA concentration.
Pharmacokinetics of intra‐articular buprenorphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide‐induced synovitis
Authors: Castro‐Cuellar Gabriel , Cremer Jeannette , Queiroz‐Williams Patricia , Knych Heather K. , Leise Britta S.
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of intra‐articular (IA) administered buprenorphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced synovitis. Radiocarpal synovitis was induced in six healthy adult horses with the IA injection of LPS (0.5 ng/joint) on two occasions in a randomized cross‐over design. Treatments (IA buprenorphine (IAB) at 5 μg/kg plus intravenous saline; and intravenous buprenorphine (IVB) at 5 μg/kg plus IA saline) were administered 4 h following LPS injection. Concentrations of buprenorphine were assessed in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) at 0.5, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters after IVB and IAB in plasma and synovial fluid were calculated using a nonlinear mixed effects model. IAB was detectable in SF of all horses at 24 h [median concentration of 6.2 (3.46–22.6) ng/mL]. IAB resulted in a median plasma concentration of 0.59 (0.42–1.68) ng/mL at 0.5 h and was detectable in all subjects for up to 6 h and in two horses for up to 12 h. IVB resulted in SF concentrations detected up to 6 h in all horses [median concentration of 0.12 (0.07–0.82) ng/mL]. Results suggest that IA buprenorphine remains present in the inflamed joint for at least 24 h and systemic absorption occurs.
Theorizing continuity and change in socialist regulation
Authors: Gillespie John
Published: February 2023

How does regulation change in authoritarian polities that tightly control public discourse and social mobilization? Socio‐legal theories assume that regulation changes through intersubjective dialogical exchanges that persuade regulators to alter how they perceive social problems and the appropriate regulatory responses. Although this framework captures regulatory change in transparent dialogical spaces, it misses much of the regulatory story in the opaque discursive processes that order authoritarian polities. This article turns to sociological institutional theory—a non‐dialogical theory to understand regulatory change in Vietnam's authoritarian polity. It investigates how commercial regulation in Vietnam has responded to an emerging mixed‐market economy, at the same time the state has suppressed public dialogical challenges to socialist ideology. It concludes that regulatory change occurs when regulators respond to economic and social crises and layer new ideational components onto old programmatic ideas, converting them to new uses.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling cotton leaf curl disease resistance in upland cotton
Authors: Sattar Muhammad N. , Javed Muhammad , Hussain Syed B. , Babar Muhammad , Chee Peng W. , Iqbal Zafar , Munir Muhammad , Al‐Hashedi Sallah A.
Published: February 2023

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a major threat to cotton production in Asia and Africa. Using marker‐assisted breeding can be the best sustainable approach to tackle CLCuD. Identification of new QTLs in the indigenous cotton germplasm is necessary to combat CLCuD. The current study was designed to construct a genetic linkage map of bi‐parental F2:F3 populations developed from highly tolerant MNH‐886 and highly susceptible S‐12 cotton cultivars. One hundred seven CLCuD‐associated simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker alleles were identified as polymorphic and three new QTLs were found on chromosomes C11, C19 and C21. Two QTLs on chromosomes C11 and C19 were detected in both F2 and F3 populations in the region flanked by SSR markers CIR316 and BNL4094, and BNL285 and BNL3348, respectively. Whereas, one QTL on chromosome C21 was detected in the region flanked by SSR markers JESPR158 and JESPR135 in both F2 and F3 generations. The CLCuD‐associated QTLs identified in this study can help fine‐tune the molecular mapping of the QTLs on the cotton genome against CLCuD.
Initial symptoms of early‐onset dementia in Japan: nationwide survey
Authors: Edahiro Ayako , Okamura Tsuyoshi , Arai Tetsuaki , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Ikeda Manabu , Utsumi Kumiko , Ota Hidetaka , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Kawakatsu Shinobu , Konagaya Yoko , Suzuki Kyoko , Tanimukai Satoshi , Miyanaga Kazuo , Awata Shuichi
Published: February 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate initial symptoms of early‐onset dementia (EOD) for each dementia subtype.

Method

We conducted a nationwide, population‐based EOD prevalence study in Japan. Data were collected through service providers for people with EOD. Initial symptoms were assessed in six domains: loss of memory, difficulty in word generation, irritability, loss of motivation, increased mistakes in the workplace or domestically, and unusual behaviours or attitudes other than those listed.

Results

Participants were 770 people with EOD. Characteristic initial symptoms were observed for each EOD subtype. Loss of memory was more common in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (75.7%, P < 0.001), difficulty in word generation was more common in early‐onset vascular dementia (41.3%, P < 0.001), and loss of motivation, increased mistakes in the workplace or domestically, and unusual behaviours or attitudes other than those listed were more common in early‐onset frontotemporal dementia (34.9%, P < 0.001; 49.4%, P < 0.001; 34.9%, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, we observed gender differences whereby loss of memory was more common among women and irritability was more common among men. More than half of the participants were employed at symptom onset, and 57.2% of those who were employed at the onset had initial symptoms of increased mistakes in the workplace or domestically.

Conclusion

This report reveals differences in the frequency of initial symptoms by EOD subtype. The results contribute to increasing public awareness of the initial symptoms of EOD, which will facilitate early diagnosis and social support.
Review of alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture
Authors: Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , MacKinnon Brett , Karunasagar Iddya , Fridman Sophie , Alday‐Sanz Victoria , Brun Edgar , Le Groumellec Marc , Li Aihua , Surachetpong Win , Karunasagar Indrani , Hao Bin , Dall'Occo Andrea , Urbani Ruggero , Caputo Andrea
Published: February 2023

With the rapid growth of the aquaculture production since the 1980s, there has been a concomitant increase in disease outbreaks. The injudicious and/or incorrect use of antimicrobial agents against diseases of farmed aquatic species poses a considerable threat to the development and growth of a successful and sustainable aquaculture industry. An increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important consequence, resulting to the difficulty in treating common bacterial diseases in populations of aquatic organisms, combined with the presence of antibiotic residues in food fish and their products, leading to import refusals and negative impacts on international trade. To reduce the frequency of AMR, good aquaculture and effective biosecurity practices should include the prudent and responsible use of antibiotics and also consider the use of alternatives to antibiotics, in addition to disease prevention management. This article reviews the literature discussing the scope of the problem pertaining to antibiotic use, the emergence of AMR in aquaculture and to consider and discuss viable alternatives (e.g., vaccination, bacteriophages, quorum quenching, probiotics and prebiotics, chicken egg yolk antibody and medicinal plant derivative). We also discuss lessons learnt, from specific case studies such as the vaccination of farmed salmon in Norway and the use of ‘specific pathogen‐free’ seed—as primary and essential part of a biosecurity strategy.
Young Farmers in “The New World of Work”: The Contribution of New Media to the Work Engagement and Professional Identities*
Authors: Unay‐Gailhard İlkay , Brennan Mark A.
Published: February 2023

This study aims to explore the contribution of “The New World of Work” to farming, a career often viewed as unattractive among youth, and, as highlighted by the “young farmer problem” in the literature. This paper draws upon research on the role of “new ways of working” in work engagement and farmer identity among young farmers. A mixed‐method approach is used based on data from two Mediterranean Islands, Crete and Cyprus. Based on the polymedia‐ new theory of digital media, the study focuses both on new media use and new media engagement for work‐related tasks. Our findings highlight that the “The New World of Work” is an important phenomenon for initiating positive change toward cohesive social‐self in a career (subjective perception of a farming career concerning others). However, we identified binary terms used by farmers when explaining conflicts between cohesive self‐concept (expression of a strong sense of self regarding their farming career) and social‐self in a career. The study concludes that the duality between career self‐concepts and social‐self still holds patterns even among young generation farmers, regardless of their integration level to new media.
Nostalgic Resignation:Working‐ClassCharacters in Neoliberal Film
Authors: Ikeler Peter , Scannell R. Joshua , Charles Jefferson , Crivello Felicia
Published: February 2023

This article interrogates the depiction of working‐class and subaltern characters in neoliberal US cinema. Deploying a Marxian class schema in a content analysis of 53 top‐grossing films released between 1980 and 2010, we find working‐class characters unexpectedly prominent. They appear in most films, lead in a plurality, and are far more often heroes than heavies. Yet the vast majority are white, male and US‐born while exhibiting near ubiquitous subordination to up‐class co‐leads, mainly professional‐managers. Most working‐class characters also die or exit their class by film's end, abdicating agency and leaving up‐class figures in charge. We argue this amounts to a metaframe of nostalgic resignation: a collective image mobilizing masculinity and Eurocentrism to justify a historic loss of working‐class power. In contrast to critical, disconnected or escapist models of mass media's relation to actual social inequality, we argue these findings support a reproductionist (Althusser 2014) or propagandist (Herman and Chomsky 2002) understanding of that dynamic enriched by Hall's “racially structured dominance” approach (1980).