bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using citizen science to determine if songbird nesting parameters fluctuate in synchrony
Authors: Harrod Sara E. , Rolland Virginie
Published: November 2022

As global temperatures continue to rise, population or spatial synchrony (i.e., the degree of synchronization in the fluctuation of demographic parameters) can have important implications for inter- and intraspecific interactions among wildlife populations. Climatic fluctuations are common drivers of spatial synchrony, and depending on the degree of synchronization and the parameters impacted, synchrony can increase extinction probabilities. Although citizen science is an inexpensive method to collect long-term data over large spatial scales to study effects of climate changes on wildlife, few studies have used citizen science data to determine if this synchrony is occurring across populations and species. We used 21 years of citizen science nesting data collected on Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) and Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis), two widespread North American species with similar life histories and abundant data, to assess the degree of synchrony between and within their populations in the southeastern United States. We found little evidence of synchronous fluctuations in the nesting parameters of hatching success, hatchability, and fledging success between and within species, nor did we observe consistent patterns towards increased or decreased synchrony. Estimates of nesting parameters were high (≥ 0.83) and showed little variability (relative variance ≤ 0.17), supporting the hypothesis that parameters that strongly contribute to population growth rates (i.e., typically fecundity in short-lived species) show little interannual variability. The low variability and lack of synchrony suggest that these populations of study species may be resilient to climate change. However, we were unable to test for synchronous fluctuations in other species and populations, or in the survival parameter, due to large gaps in data. This highlights the need for citizen science projects to continue increasing public participation for species and regions that lack data.
Early detection of norovirus outbreak using machine learning methods in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sieun , Cho Eunhae , Jang Geunsoo , Kim Sangil , Cho Giphil
Published: November 2022

Background

The norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis at all ages but particularly has a high chance of affecting children under the age of five. Given that the outbreak of norovirus in Korea is seasonal, it is important to try and predict the start and end of norovirus outbreaks.

Methods

We predicted weekly norovirus warnings using six machine learning algorithms using test data from 2017 to 2018 and training data from 2009 to 2016. In addition, we proposed a novel method for the early detection of norovirus using a calculated norovirus risk index. Further, feature importance was calculated to evaluate the contribution of the estimated weekly norovirus warnings.

Results

The long short-term memory machine learning (LSTM) algorithm proved to be the best algorithm for predicting weekly norovirus warnings, with 97.2% and 92.5% accuracy in the training and test data, respectively. The LSTM algorithm predicted the observed start and end weeks of the early detection of norovirus within a 3-week range.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that early detection can provide important insights for the preparation and control of norovirus outbreaks by the government. Our method provides indicators of high-risk weeks. In particular, last norovirus detection rate, minimum temperature, and day length, play critical roles in estimating weekly norovirus warnings.
A Ghost Story (2017), paradigma de la fantasmagoría hipermoderna
Authors:   UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, España, Albaladejo-Ortega Sergio
Published: November 2022

El presente capítulo se aproxima al filme A Ghost Story (David Lowery, 2017) tratando de dilucidar el modo en que, aun utilizando algunas de las principales convenciones del cine de terror, construye una propuesta que se aleja sobremanera de este género. Utilizando un refinado estilo visual basado en largos planos secuencia, esta obra proporciona una notable sensación de ensoñación que logra, no obstante, abordar problemas reales y trascendentes. El objetivo principal es descubrir el tipo de experiencia que ofrece a través de su particular representación de componentes, códigos y modos, con el fin de validar la hipótesis de que estas estrategias conducen a transformar una historia de fantasmas convencional en un drama repleto de logros narrativos, técnicos y estéticos que propician una gran implicación emocional de la audiencia. En el contexto de la llamada hipermodernidad, esta película apunta a convertirse en una interesante representación de la abstracción y maleabilidad, aunque también la trascendencia, que afectan al cine vinculado a este discurso.
El castillo de las tres murallas (1981), el singular cuento gótico de Carmen Martín Gaite
Authors:   Doctora por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España, Fuentes-del-Río Mónica
Published: November 2022

El presente capítulo analiza el relato infantil El castillo de las tres murallas, de Carmen Martín Gaite, desde el punto de vista del género gótico. La obra es un moderno cuento de hadas, con las singularidades del pensamiento y universo literario de la escritora. Por ejemplo, la presencia de lo extraño, misterioso, fantástico y mágico es un aspecto frecuente en su teoría literaria y en su práctica ficcional, en especial, en su narrativa. Por todos estos motivos, se estudia si el relato contiene los rasgos de la literatura gótica.
Desposesión y desencanto del espectro contemporáneo: el fantasma en I Am a Ghost (2012), I Am the Pretty Thing that Lives in the House (2016) y A Ghost Story (2017)
Authors:   Universidad de Jaén, España, Olivares-Merino Julio-Ángel
Published: November 2022

Ghosts have invaded the film screen since the very beginning of cinema. They have become icons of otherness showing different degrees of visibility, always representing an intrusion from the margins of the excluded, like an ominous force that impels us to solve their enigma in order to neutral- ize their threatening presence and, thus, restore the logical and quotidian order. The postmodern ghost, however, as presented in I am a Ghost (2012), I am the Pretty Thing that Lives in the House (2016) and A Ghost Story (2017), emerges as a suspended sign illustrating our fragmented essence, so standing as an unresolvable sign. These films epitomize the new trend of cinematic ghosts, reflections on our fading into extinction, disorientation and doubts about life after death, stories in which the ghost's point of view —and even their narrative voice— is adopted, their physicality on screen granted, when confessing their (our) existential grief.
Tradición y subversión en el cine gótico de animación de Tim Burton: de la risa al escalofrío
Authors:   Universidad de León, España, López-Santos Miriam
Published: November 2022

El director estadounidense Tim Burton, desde sus primeras producciones, se inserta en esta corriente de terror contemporáneo con tientes góticos, para descubrirnos un mundo extraño, oscuro y terrible, aunque amable, paródico y tierno al mismo tiempo. Es en sus películas de animación, en las que emplea la técnica de stop-motion, en una incesante búsqueda del expresionismo gótico, donde se fijan todas sus constantes y se establecen las pautas que escindirán su producción en dos mundos: el real y el sobrenatural, el mundo paralelo que recrea su imaginación, y un mundo ordinario. A través de algunas de sus producciones (Vicent , Pesadilla antes de Navidad , La novia cadáver , Frankenweenie ), se fijarán las claves de esta dualidad, desde los elementos cotidianos que aparecen al lado de otros grotescos e inquietantes, junto con el horror y la oscuridad, que se tornan en parodia gracias a un sorprendente juego visual, hasta su particular sentido de lo macabro y la nueva consideración de la monstruosidad.
«Beautiful Things Are Fragile»: Intertextual Connections and the (Re)Construction of Identity in Guillermo del Toro’s Crimson Peak (2015)
Authors:   UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, España, Mesa-Villar José-María , Sánchez-Verdejo-Pérez Francisco-Javier ,   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, España
Published: November 2022

This chapter argues that the consciously intertextual nature of the 2015 film Crimson Peak did not only enable Guillermo del Toro to render a heartfelt homage to time-honoured classics in the gothic tradition; it also operates at a strategic level in the enactment of a multi-layered rite of passage operating at three levels. On the one hand, with regard to its leading characters, it explores the physical and psychological traumas embedded in the transition between innocence and adulthood: the sharp contrast between the pervasive, apparently threatening, presence of ghosts and the predatory urge of other human beings around gradually transforms the former into allies in one’s quest for self-assertion. On the other, in relation to viewer experience, the film replicates the function developed by these supernatural beings from beyond by uttering a well-measured warning against the danger of appearances and the blind pursuit of one’s dreams. Likewise, within the dynamics of identification and differentiation between Edith Cushing and Thomas Sharpe’s ill-fated wives, we may perceive a clear reflection of the film’s eclectic construction and negotiation of meaning with the tradition anticipating it. Therefore, our study pinpoints and analyses the integration of literary and film referents –firmly rooted in the gothic tradition– into Guillermo del Toro’s proposal, which is seen as a lively exercise of appropriation and resignification clearly withdrawn from soulless repetition. The film succeeds in the attempt of redefining the identity of the leading protagonist, the role of the audience with regard to the film, and its own construction: it ultimately brings forward a fruitful dialogue between fiction, reality, tradition and modernity.
First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Agopian Rafael G. , da Luz Suellen C. G. , Zebral Alexandre G. B. , de Sousa Giovanna F. , de Oliveira Igor A. V. , Lima Letícia S. , Sechi Marcela A. , de Oliveira Mayara C. , Rudiniski Valéria F. , Brandespim Daniel Friguglietti , de Carvalho Otávio V. , Pettan-Brewer Christina , dos Santos Andrea P. , Kmetiuk Louise B. , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in humans in 2019. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is primarily asymptomatic and transitory in companion animals, the role of these animals in the life cycle of the virus remains unclear. This study aimed to survey the first SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in pets, including a dog and three cats in São Paulo, Brazil.

Materials and Methods: We invited COVID-19-positive pet owners to participate in the survey and obtained nasal, oropharyngeal, and rectal swab samples from their pets. These samples were placed in vials and subjected to a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the owners answered an epidemiological questionnaire, and the pets underwent clinical examination and monitoring.

Results: Out of 49 sampled pets, 3/19 (15.8%) cats and 1/30 (3.3%) dogs tested positive, with wide variations in viral loads. Despite the limitations of size and non-randomized sampling, our results showed that cats are more susceptible than dogs to SARS-CoV-2 infection, presenting a cat: dog ratio of 4.8: 1. Only one cat presented mild and transitory respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion: Although SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in pets in the largest South American city and the COVID-19 epicenter at the time, these first detected pet cases displayed either none or mild clinical signs.
Entrepreneurship teaching: A study about best practices and antecedents of Brazilian teachers
Authors: Ribeiro Artur Tavares Vilas Boas , Ferragi Cesar Alves , Zanotto Maria Angelica do Carmo , Cardoso André Coimbra Felix
Published: November 2022

Objective: to know concrete practices of teaching entrepreneurship, as well as the professional/academic background of teachers, in order to fill gaps observed in the literature on the subject. Method: data collection of entrepreneurship teachers recognized for their classroom practice (selected by the snowball procedure), through 10 semi-structured and in-depth interviews, examined by the content analysis technique. Results: identification of 30 best practices, categorized according to their emphases and respective bases, highlighted here in parentheses. They are: (a) learning (projects), (b) learning (problems), (c) reflective exercises, (d) expository (cases), (e) expository (invited entrepreneurs), and (f) expository (debates and quizzes). After detailing the activities, findings about the teachers' background were presented, in a complementary way, such as entrepreneurial experience, professional and international experiences, corroborating the existing literature on the subject. Theoretical/methodological contributions: by presenting boundaries, in terms of classroom approaches, the best practices contribute to the literature, as they strengthen the arguments in favor of experiential models, as well as project-based or problem-based learning. In addition, the results confirm what the literature points out in relation to the antecedents of entrepreneurship teachers Originality/Relevance: this study deepens the understanding of best practices in entrepreneurship education, something previously mentioned as superficial and generic (Gedeon, 2014). Social/managerial contributions: the results allow entrepreneurship teachers to replicate best practices within their educational settings, as the paper provides a wide range of detailed pedagogical practices that they might employ.
Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South
Authors: Woodhouse Emily , Bedelian Claire , Barnes Paul , Cruz-Garcia Gisella S. , Dawson Neil , Gross-Camp Nicole , Homewood Katherine , Jones Julia P.G. , Martin Adrian , Morgera Elisa , Schreckenberg Kate
Published: November 2022

Attempts to link human development and biodiversity conservation goals remain a constant feature of policy and practice related to protected areas (PAs). Underlying these approaches are narratives that simplify assumptions, shaping how interventions are designed and implemented. We examine evidence for five key narratives: 1) conservation is pro-poor; 2) poverty reduction benefits conservation; 3) compensation neutralises costs of conservation; 4) local participation is good for conservation; 5) secure tenure rights for local communities support effective conservation. Through a mixed-method synthesis combining a review of 100 peer-reviewed papers and 25 expert interviews, we examined if and how each narrative is supported or countered by the evidence. The first three narratives are particularly problematic. PAs can reduce material poverty, but exclusion brings substantial local costs to wellbeing, often felt by the poorest. Poverty reduction will not inevitably deliver on conservation goals and trade-offs are common. Compensation (for damage due to human wildlife conflict, or for opportunity costs), is rarely sufficient or commensurate with costs to wellbeing and experienced injustices. There is more support for narratives 4 and 5 on participation and secure tenure rights, highlighting the importance of redistributing power towards Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in successful conservation. In light of the proposed expansion of PAs under the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we outline implications of our review for the enhancement and implementation of global targets in order to proactively integrate social equity into conservation and the accountability of conservation actors.
Conspiring to decolonise language teaching and learning: reflections and reactions from a reading group
Authors: Browning Peter , Highet Katy , Azada-Palacios Rowena , Douek Tania , Gong Eleanor Yue , Sunyol Andrea
Published: November 2022

Within the spirit of conspiration, this article brings together contributions from participants of the PhD-led UCL Reading and React Group ‘Colonialism(s), Neoliberalism(s) and Language Teaching and Learning’, which ran in 2019/20. Weaving together various perspectives, the article centres on the dialogic nature of the decolonial enterprise and challenges the colonial concept of monologic authorial voice. Across the reflections on participants’ own engagements with questions of decolonising language teaching and learning, we pull together three threads: the inherent coloniality of the concepts that shape the very disciplines we seek to decolonise; the need to place decolonial efforts within broader contexts and to be sceptical of projects claiming to have completed the work of decolonising language teaching and learning; and the affordances and limitations offered to us by our positionalities, which the reflexivity of the conspirational encounter has allowed us to explore in some depth. The article closes with a reflection on the process of writing this article, and with the assertion that decolonising the curriculum is a multifaceted and open-ended process of dialogue and conspiration between practitioners and researchers alike.
Spatial policies for growth management in metropolitan regions. A comparison of U.S. American, Canadian and German approaches
Authors: Heinen Deborah , Knieling Jörg
Published: November 2022

Many metropolitan regions face concerns over sprawling development, increased costs of maintaining infrastructure, and loss of green space and farmland. Some metropolitan regions have intentionally created spatial policies to govern development patterns and manage growth within their region. This paper compares the spatial policies applied in three case studies: the Puget Sound region (Washington State, USA), Metro Vancouver region (British Columbia, Canada) and Stuttgart region (Baden-Württemberg, Germany). While all three regions share a vision that can broadly be summarised as transit-connected communities, each metropolitan planning organisation leverages a variety of spatial policies. Based on the unique planning cultures, various governmental actors take on different roles at the local, county, regional and state levels. This paper categorises and compares the multi-level responsibilities for defining, mapping, and implementing spatial policies. With this focus, the paper provides an international comparative perspective on approaches, context, and contents of multi-level growth management.
Dialektalne cechy fonetyczne i morfologiczne oraz ukraińska leksyka somatyczna w słowniczkach Ilki Magury Матеріялы до словаря і сборничокъ словъ и выраженій чисто- народныхъ до русского словаря
Authors: Skurzewska Agata
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to present the results of an analysis of the phonetic and morphological layers of Ukrainian lexis from glossaries and the characteristics of the somatic terminology collected by the author. Since the collected material came from Żółkiew district, which belongs to the area of the Transnistrian dialect, the phonetic and morphological features of this dialect are presented in those constructions in particular. The lexicological analysis of this publication will help to determine whether the lexical material presented there is confirmed in dialects or in the normative layer of the Ukrainian language. It will also help to describe the scale of this confirmation. The majority of lexemes that are somatic terminology and names of diseases are confirmed to dialects of the Ukrainian language, while some word units are presented in the modern literary language.
TreeLine
Authors: Yu Geoffrey X. , Markakis Markos , Kipf Andreas , Larson Per-Åke , Minhas Umar Farooq , Kraska Tim
Published: November 2022

Many modern key-value stores, such as RocksDB, rely on log-structured merge trees (LSMs). Originally designed for spinning disks, LSMs optimize for write performance by only making sequential writes. But this optimization comes at the cost of reads: LSMs must rely on expensive compaction jobs and Bloom filters---all to maintain reasonable read performance. For NVMe SSDs, we argue that trading off read performance for write performance is no longer always needed. With enough parallelism, NVMe SSDs have comparable random and sequential access performance. This change makes update-in-place designs, which traditionally provide excellent read performance, a viable alternative to LSMs.

In this paper, we close the gap between log-structured and update-in-place designs on modern SSDs with the help of new components that take advantage of data and workload patterns. Specifically, we explore three key ideas: (A)
record caching
for efficient point operations, (B)
page grouping
for high-performance range scans, and (C)
insert forecasting
to reduce the reorganization costs of accommodating new records. We evaluate these ideas by implementing them in a prototype update-in-place key-value store called
TreeLine.
On YCSB, we find that TreeLine outperforms RocksDB and LeanStore by 2.20× and 2.07× respectively on average across the point workloads, and by up to 10.95× and 7.52× overall.
Pleural fluid biochemical analysis: the past, present and future
Authors: Zheng Wen-Qi , Hu Zhi-De
Published: November 2022

Identifying the cause of pleural effusion is challenging for pulmonologists. Imaging, biopsy, microbiology and biochemical analyses are routinely used for diagnosing pleural effusion. Among these diagnostic tools, biochemical analyses are promising because they have the advantages of low cost, minimal invasiveness, observer independence and short turn-around time. Here, we reviewed the past, present and future of pleural fluid biochemical analysis. We reviewed the history of Light’s criteria and its modifications and the current status of biomarkers for heart failure, malignant pleural effusion, tuberculosis pleural effusion and parapneumonic pleural effusion. In addition, we anticipate the future of pleural fluid biochemical analysis, including the utility of machine learning, molecular diagnosis and high-throughput technologies.Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(CCLM) should address the topic of pleural fluid biochemical analysis in the future to promote specific knowledge in the laboratory professional community.
Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
Authors: Kaplan Seyit , Cakir Orhan , Altan Erhan
Published: November 2022

Implementing a magnetic field on the cutting area during the machining process is one of the ways to increase tool life, as a result, reducing the machining cost. Due to this, numerous researchers conducted various studies in that field. However, there was no study which used a permanent magnet tool has been found. In this study, the effects of a permanent magnet cutting tool on tool life have been investigated extensively with a designed experimental setup. Experiments were conducted on the CNC turning machine with a permanent magnet HSS cutting tool in this study at a cutting speed of 51 m/min, feed rate of 0.1125 mm/rev and with a depth of cut of 1 mm. Significant deduction was obtained in flank wear and cutting force. The wear of the permanent magnet HSS tool was 50% less than the HSS tool without a magnetic field. It has been determined that the cutting force in the cutting process with the tool without an applied magnetic field was approximately 10.4% more than the permanent magnet tool. It was also observed that higher temperature and longer comma shape chips occurred in the cutting process using a permanent magnet tool.
Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
Authors: Zhao Jiye , Lv Jiayi , Chen Yang , Dong Qile , Dong Hao
Published: November 2022

Glutamine transporters transport different amino acids for cell growth and metabolism. In tumor cells, glutamine transporters are often highly expressed and play a crucial role in their growth. By inhibiting the amino acid transport of these transporters, the growth of cancer cells can be inhibited. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study of glutamine transporter. In this article, the differences between the ASC system amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2), L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), and the cystine–glutamate exchange (xCT) transporters research progress on the mechanism of action and corresponding small molecule inhibitors are summarized. This article introduces 62 related small molecule inhibitors of different transporters of ASCT2, LAT1, and xCT. These novel chemical structures provide ideas for the research and design of targeted inhibitors of glutamine transporters, as well as important references and clues for the design of new anti-tumor drugs.
A review of hydrogen production from bio-energy, technologies and assessments
Authors: Hassan Qusay , Hafedh Saadoon Abdul , Mohammed Hussein Burhan , Abdulrahman Imad Saeed , Salman Hayder M. , Jaszczur Marek
Published: November 2022

The earth natural carrying capacity is being surpassed, and there is an urgent need to develop new alternatives, notably in regards to energy supplies, carbon dioxide emissions, and nitrogen supplies to the ecosystem. Hydrogen gas, produced from renewable energy by water electrolysis, may serve as a platform molecule for the 21st century low-carbon economy and electrification. The ability to utilise hydrogen metabolic processes is quite diverse, and this offers up a vast array of avenues for innovative biotechnological advancements and applications. A strategy focusing on the major role of hydrogen throughout the production of bio-based foundational element compounds through the hydrocarbon pathway would avoid the inherent low economic value of hydrocarbons in favour of products with greater value. Furthermore, hydrogen could serve as a crucial carbon-neutral source for the manufacture of third-generation proteins while allowing carbon capture and nutritional recovery immediately at the site of emission. Using these methods to deal with the seasonal changes in renewable energy sources makes the use of alternative energy as efficient as possible. The outcomes demonstrated the production technologies of bio-hydrogen is a good way to make renewable hydrogen that is both cost-effective and good for the environment compared to other ways of making hydrogen.
Frieden mit Russland?! Friedensvorstellungen in der extrem rechten Telegram-Szene Sachsens
Authors: Kiess Johannes , Zichert Michael , Wetzel Gideon
Published: November 2022

Extrem rechte und verschwörungsideologische Akteure konnten während der Corona-Pandemie neuen Zulauf generieren. Die Online-Mobilisierung war vor allem über die Plattform Telegram erfolgreich. Inzwischen prägt der russische Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine bzw. dessen Auswirkungen die Diskussionen in dieser spezifischen Teilöffentlichkeit. Unser Kooperationsprojekt zwischen dem Else-Frenkel-Brunswik-Institut an der Universität Leipzig und der Amadeu Antoni Stiftung setzt seit Ende 2021 ein umfassendes, computergestütztes Monitoring der extrem rechten und verschwörungsideologischen Szene in Sachsen um. In diesem Beitrag rekonstruieren wir auf dieser umfassenden empirischen Basis die Rolle, die der Begriff „Frieden“ als leerer Signifikant für die Mobilisierung spielt. Mit dem allgemein positiv besetzten, aber für Interpretationen offenen Begriff lässt sich offenbar ein breites, anti-demokratisches Spektrum ansprechen. Gemeinsamer Nenner der Szene ist die Ablehnung der durch Konflikt geprägten modernen Gesellschaft und der Wunsch nach einer harmonistischen Gemeinschaftsutopie.
Analysis and synthesis of L- and T-shaped flexible compact microstrip antennas using regression-based machine learning approaches
Authors: Bicer Mustafa Berkan
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze and synthesize L-shaped compact microstrip antennas (LCMA) and T-shaped compact microstrip antennas using regression-based machine learning algorithms (TCMA). This was accomplished by simulating 3808 LCMAs and 900 TCMAs operating at UHF and SHF frequencies with different physical and electrical characteristics. The acquired data was utilized to create a data set containing the antennas’ physical and electrical characteristics, as well as their resonant frequencies in the TM010 mode. Four baseline regression models and seven machine learning models were developed to determine the resonance frequency of antennas and the values of the physical parameters required for a particular frequency. To examine the efficacy of machine learning models, three-dimensional LCMAs and TCMAs were created using polylactic acid (PLA) and felt-based flexible substrates, as well as copper tape. The results illustrate the feasibility of using machine learning models for LCMA and TCMA analysis and synthesis.
The effect of abnormal placentation on maternal serum fetal fraction of cell-free DNA
Authors: Rodriguez Marcella , Smith Erica L. , Silva Lauren M. , Gultekin-Elbir Elif Esra , Tetla Ryan , Genc Mehmet Rifat
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Abnormal placentation may affect the maternal serum fraction of cell-free fetal DNA (fetal fraction) determined as part of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS). This study aimed to assess whether the fetal fraction can predict placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) with or without placenta previa (PP). We also investigated the impact of trophoblastic invasion depth on the fetal fraction.

Methods

This is a retrospective case-control study of pregnant women with and without abnormal placentation carrying a singleton and having undergone NIPS prior to 20 weeks of gestation. The eligible subjects were selected from a cohort managed at our institution for PAS suspected antenatally. We compared women with normal placentation (controls) to PAS, PP, or PAS + PP cases. Data were abstracted from electronic medical records, and PAS was confirmed histologically.

Results

Of the 146 patients in our cohort, 8 controls, 10 PP, 6 PAS, and 7 PAS + PP cases were eligible for the study. Among the groups, there were no significant differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics except the median number of prior uterine surgeries. Also, the groups did not significantly differ in their median fetal fraction. The fetal fraction did not discriminate any group when stratified according to the depth of placental invasion, i.e., no PAS, abnormally adherent, and abnormally invasive placenta.

Conclusions

The maternal serum fraction of cell-free fetal DNA measured before 20 weeks of gestation is not predictive of PAS with or without concurrent PP or the depth of trophoblastic invasion.
Alexander und die κήτεα des Okeanos
Authors: Degen Julian
Published: November 2022

Während der Fahrt der Flotte Alexanders durch den Indischen Ozean sichteten seine Seeleute angeblich ein Seeungeheuer. Die an der Unternehmung beteiligten Autoren Nearchos, Onesikritos und Orthagoras nahmen die ungewöhnliche Begegnung in ihre Werke auf, gaben diese aber in unterschiedlicher Weise wieder. Obwohl es sich dabei um eine in mehrerer Hinsicht interessante Episode handelt, besitzt sie einen besonders hohen Quellenwert, um Rückschlüsse über Alexanders Positionierung gegenüber den altorientalischen Kontexten seiner Herrschaft anzustellen. Schließlich behaupteten bereits die neuassyrischen Herrscher, auf dem Meer am Rande der Welt Seeungeheuer gesichtet zu haben, womit ein allumfassender Herrschaftsanspruch einherging. Die achaimenidischen Großkönige benutzten dasselbe Argument, um Universalherrschaft und dadurch legitime Herrschaft zu kommunizieren. Kontextualisiert man die Sichtung des Seeungeheuers in den Fragmenten der Werke der Feldzugsteilnehmer in den Diskurs um Universalherrschaft des ersten Jahrtausends v. Chr., so lassen sich Alexanders Bestrebungen feststellen, sich zu den Konzepten legitimer Herrschaft nicht-makedonischer Prägung zu positionieren und sich in einer Weise als rechtmäßiger Herrscher zu präsentieren, die auch für seine asiatischen Untertanen verständlich war. Die am Alexanderzug teilnehmenden Autoren nahmen die hierfür benutzten Ideologeme in ihre Werke auf, passten sie aber entsprechend ihrer literarischen Absichten an.
Crystal structure of poly[(N,N-dimethylacetamide-κO) (μ4-2-nitroisophthalato-κ
4
O:O′:O″:O′″)manganese(II)], C11H10N2O7Mn
Authors: Shi Xiao-Ming , Fu Yu-Jia , Zhang Zhi-Chao
Published: November 2022

C11H10N2O7Mn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.1501(5) Å, b = 10.8198(7) Å, c = 15.2391(9) Å, β = 91.921(5)°, V = 1343.07(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0363, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0783, T = 293 K.
Agricultural sciences publication activity in Russia and the impact of the national project “Science.” A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Boiarskii Boris
Published: November 2022

Science plays an important role in the development of agriculture. Publication activity is one of the factors in the assessment of science intensity in certain areas. Evaluating the number of articles on a specific topic in a certain period can indicate a trend in developing science in the country and international cooperation. Agricultural science in Russia lags far behind leading topics such as chemistry and physics, especially in international cooperation. This article aimed to assess the publication activity in Russia in the area of agriculture to analyze the development of agricultural science in the country and the impact of the national project “Science” on the trend of change. The authors used the Web of Science Core Collection database for this study and analyzed 7,436 papers on the topic of agriculture co-authored by Russian and foreign authors. This study showed the number of articles by year, research areas, and distribution publication records in collaboration with other countries. The article results showed that agricultural science has been growing in a general trend in recent years. The most significant increase in the overall publication in agriculture topics and cooperation occurred after the project “Science” was launched. The project showed a great impact on publication activity in Russia.
The impact of linguistic choices and (para-)linguistic markers on the perception of Twitter complaints by other customers: an experimental approach
Authors: Ruytenbeek Nicolas , Decock Sofie , Depraetere Ilse
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses how the realizations of different constitutive components of Twitter complaints shape the perception of these complaints by other customers. We present three experiments on French language in which we test how customer complaint perception is impacted by the realization of the complainable (Exp. 1), of the entity responsible for the complainable (Exp. 2), and of the customer’s wish for the complainable to be remedied (Exp. 3). The results of Exp. 1 indicate that the perceived likelihood that the complaint will be responded to by the company is highest when the complainable is realized as a combination of an assertion + question + picture. In Exp. 2, we found that, in comparison with the use of the discourse markerditesto refer to the entity responsible for the complainable, the use of a noun phrase or the absence of this component increases perceived politeness. Finally, our data from Exp. 3 reveal that, compared to the use of an imperative to voice the customer’s wish for the complainable to be remedied, “indirect” request forms, and preparatory interrogatives, in particular, are perceived as more polite, as expressing lower dissatisfaction, and as decreasing the likelihood of a response from the company.
Getting Fra Angelico’s splotch out: rehabilitating visual cognitive semiotics
Authors: Verstegen Ian
Published: November 2022

Most contemporary approaches to meaning presume the limitation of semiotics (Didi-Huberman, Gumbrecht, Belting). The question of what kind of “semiotics” is required has not been asked. However, without some general science of meaning it is impossible to reform theory without committing past errors or ignoring progress. In the interest of reconnecting contemporary interests in “presence” to long-evolving needs, I review the ossification and decline of one theory of semiotics that serves as the tacit model rejected today. I return to problems of the nature of the sign – whether it is “digital” or “analog” and conceived as “communication” or merely “meaning.” I then reconstitute a workable visual cognitive semiotics based on phenomenological premises.
Crystal structure of methylene blue citrate
Authors: Yunuskhodjayev Akhmatkhodja N. , Iskandarova Shokhista F. , Sabirov Vahobjon Kh.
Published: November 2022

The structure of the salt-type methylene blue citrate hydrate, [MB]+[H3Cit]– × 0.18H2O (where [MB]+ represents the methylene blue cation and [H3Cit]– the anion of the mono-deprotonated citric acid), has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The [MB]+ cation is planar and stacked in an antiparallel fashion, exhibiting π–π stacking associations at an interplane distance of 3.746(6) Å. The [MB]+ cation forms short contacts of the C–H⋯O type with the citrate anion through methyl groups of the NMe2 substituents. Water molecules are distributed in the voids between stacks of the [MB]+ cations with very low site occupancies (total 0.18) and do not form hydrogen bonds with the citrate anion, but feature hydrogen bonds between the water molecules. In order to visualize the intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure of the title compound, a Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out.
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation using TiO2: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Mazhar Fatima , Kausar Abida , Iqbal Munawar
Published: November 2022

This review is focusing on photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production as a viable fuel. The limitations of different production methods for H2 generation and the importance of photocatalytic process are discussed, which renders this process as highly promising to meet the future energy crises. TiO2 is one of most effective material to generate the H2 via photocatalytic processes. Therefore, advantages of the catalyst over other semiconductors have been thoroughly analyzed. Starting from synthesis of TiO2 and factors affecting the whole process of photocatalytic H2 production have been discussed. Modifications for improvement in TiO2 and the photocatalytic reaction are critically reviewed as well as the mechanism of TiO2 modification has been described. Metal doping, non-metal doping, impurity addition and defect introduction processes have been analyzed and the comparison of experimental results is developed based on H2 production efficiency. A critical review of the literature from 2004 to 2021 concludes that H2 production as fuel using TiO2 photocatalytic method is efficient and environment friendly, which have potential for practical applications for H2 generation.
Rapid Interactions of Widespread Brain Networks Characterize Semantic Cognition
Authors: Aboud Katherine S. , Nguyen Tin Q. , Del Tufo Stephanie N. , Chang Catie , Zald David H. , Key Alexandra P. , Price Gavin R. , Landman Bennett A. , Cutting Laurie E.
Published: November 2022

Language comprehension requires the rapid retrieval and integration of contextually appropriate concepts (“semantic cognition”). Current neurobiological models of semantic cognition are limited by the spatial and temporal restrictions of single-modality neuroimaging and lesion approaches. This is a major impediment given the rapid sequence of processing steps that have to be coordinated to accurately comprehend language. Through the use of fused functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography analysis in humans (n= 26 adults; 15 females), we elucidate a temporally and spatially specific neurobiological model for real-time semantic cognition. We find that semantic cognition in the context of language comprehension is supported by trade-offs between widespread neural networks over the course of milliseconds. Incorporation of spatial and temporal characteristics, as well as behavioral measures, provide convergent evidence for the following progression: a hippocampal/anterior temporal phonological semantic retrieval network (peaking at ∼300 ms after the sentence final word); a frontotemporal thematic semantic network (∼400 ms); a hippocampal memory update network (∼500 ms); an inferior frontal semantic syntactic reappraisal network (∼600 ms); and nodes of the default mode network associated with conceptual coherence (∼750 ms). Additionally, in typical adults, mediatory relationships among these networks are significantly predictive of language comprehension ability. These findings provide a conceptual and methodological framework for the examination of speech and language disorders, with additional implications for the characterization of cognitive processes and clinical populations in other cognitive domains.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present study identifies a real-time neurobiological model of the meaning processes required during language comprehension (i.e., “semantic cognition”). Using a novel application of fused magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography in humans, we found that semantic cognition during language comprehension is supported by a rapid progression of widespread neural networks related to meaning, meaning integration, memory, reappraisal, and conceptual cohesion. Relationships among these systems were predictive of individuals' language comprehension efficiency. Our findings are the first to use fused neuroimaging analysis to elucidate language processes. In so doing, this study provides a new conceptual and methodological framework in which to characterize language processes and guide the treatment of speech and language deficits/disorders.
Psychedelics and Neural Plasticity: Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Grieco Steven F. , Castrén Eero , Knudsen Gitte M. , Kwan Alex C. , Olson David E. , Zuo Yi , Holmes Todd C. , Xu Xiangmin
Published: November 2022

Psychedelic drugs have reemerged as tools to treat several brain disorders. Cultural attitudes toward them are changing, and scientists are once again investigating the neural mechanisms through which these drugs impact brain function. The significance of this research direction is reflected by recent work, including work presented by these authors at the 2022 meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. As of 2022, there were hundreds of clinical trials recruiting participants for testing the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. Emerging evidence suggests that psychedelic drugs may exert some of their long-lasting therapeutic effects by inducing structural and functional neural plasticity. Herein, basic and clinical research attempting to elucidate the mechanisms of these compounds is showcased. Topics covered include psychedelic receptor binding sites, effects of psychedelics on gene expression, and on dendrites, and psychedelic effects on microcircuitry and brain-wide circuits. We describe unmet clinical needs and the current state of translation to the clinic for psychedelics, as well as other unanswered basic neuroscience questions addressable with future studies.
Neuroscience Needs to Test Both Statistical and Scientific Hypotheses
Authors: Alger Bradley E.
Published: November 2022

Experimental neuroscience typically uses “p-valued” statistical testing procedures (null hypothesis significance testing; NHST) in evaluating its results. The rote, often misguided, application of NHST (Gigerenzer, 2008) has led to errors and “questionable research practices.” Although the problems could be avoided with better statistics training (Lakens, 2021), there have been calls to abandon NHST altogether. One suggestion is to replace NHST with “estimation statistics” (Cumming and Calin-Jageman, 2017; Calin-Jageman and Cumming, 2019). Estimation statistics emphasizes the uncertainty inherent in scientific investigations and uses metrics, e.g., confidence intervals (CIs), that draw attention to uncertainty. Besides procedural steps and methods, the Estimation Approach prefers expressing “quantitative,” rather than “qualitative” conclusions and making generalizations, rather than testing scientific hypotheses. The Estimation Approach embodies a philosophy of science—its ultimate goals, experimental mindset, and specific aims—that diverges unhelpfully from what laboratory-based neuroscience needs. The Estimation Approach meshes naturally with, e.g., clinical neuroscience, drug development, human psychology, and social sciences. It fits less well with much of the neuroscience published in theJournal of Neuroscience, for example. In contrast, the philosophy behind NHST fits naturally with traditional, evaluative testing of scientific hypotheses. Finally, some Estimation Approach remedies, e.g., replication, ideally with “preregistration,” are incompatible with much experimental neuroscience. This Dual Perspective essay argues that, while neuroscience can benefit from practical aspects of estimation statistics, entirely replacing conventional methods with the Estimation Approach would be a mistake. NHST testing should be retained and improved.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExperimental neuroscience relies on statistical procedures to assess the meaning and importance of its research findings. Optimal scientific communication demands a common set of assumptions for expressing and evaluating results. Problems arising from misuse of conventional significance testing methods have led to a proposal to replace significance testing with an Estimation Statistics Approach. Practical elements of the Estimation Approach can usefully be incorporated into conventional methods. However, the prevailing philosophy of the Estimation Approach does not address certain important needs of much experimental neuroscience. Neuroscience should adopt beneficial elements of the Estimation Approach without giving up the advantages of significance testing.
What Does the Frontopolar Cortex Contribute to Goal-Directed Cognition and Action?
Authors: Hogeveen Jeremy , Medalla Maria , Ainsworth Matthew , Galeazzi Juan M. , Hanlon Colleen A. , Mansouri Farshad Alizadeh , Costa Vincent D.
Published: November 2022

Understanding the unique functions of different subregions of primate prefrontal cortex has been a longstanding goal in cognitive neuroscience. Yet, the anatomy and function of one of its largest subregions (the frontopolar cortex) remain enigmatic and underspecified. Our Society for Neuroscience minisymposiumPrimate Frontopolar Cortex: From Circuits to Complex Behaviorswill comprise a range of new anatomic and functional approaches that have helped to clarify the basic circuit anatomy of the frontal pole, its functional involvement during performance of cognitively demanding behavioral paradigms in monkeys and humans, and its clinical potential as a target for noninvasive brain stimulation in patients with brain disorders. This review consolidates knowledge about the anatomy and connectivity of frontopolar cortex and provides an integrative summary of its function in primates. We aim to answer the question: what, if anything, does frontopolar cortex contribute to goal-directed cognition and action?