bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histologically Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumour of the Anterior Thoracic Wall: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Archontaki Maria , Korkolis Dimitris P. , Arnogiannaki Niki , Hatzijiannis Stelios , Dendrinos Panagiotis , Megapanos Christos , Kassotakis Dimitris , Kokkalis Georgios
Published: June 2010

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare oncological entity that most often arises in the pleura. Over the past 10 years, the tumour has been described at numerous extrapleural locations. We present the case of a 42-year-old female Caucasian patient with an extrapleural SFT located at the anterior thoracic wall for 22 years, with atypical histological characteristics and clinical features of malignancy. Management consisted of a wide surgical resection, plastic reconstruction, and postoperative radiotherapy. Although extrapleural SFT usually behaves as a benign soft tissue tumour, it can also present with a more aggressive local behavior, including locoregional recurrence or metastasis. In that case, a multidisciplinary approach is required for accurate diagnosis and proper management.
Remarks on Cone Metric Spaces and Fixed Point Theorems of Contractive Mappings
Authors: Khamsi MohamedA
Published: June 2010

We discuss the newly introduced concept of cone metric spaces. We also discuss the fixed point existence results of contractive mappings defined on such metric spaces. In particular, we show that most of the new results are merely copies of the classical ones.
Polymersomes and Wormlike Micelles Made Fluorescent by Direct Modifications of Block Copolymer Amphiphiles
Authors: Rajagopal Karthikan , Christian David A. , Harada Takamasa , Tian Aiwei , Discher Dennis E.
Published: June 2010

Wormlike micelles and vesicles prepared from diblock copolymers are attracting great interest for a number of technological applications. Although transmission electron microscopy has remained as the method of choice for assessing the morphologies, fluorescence microscopy has a number of advantages. We show here that when commercially available fluorophores are covalently attached to diblock copolymers, a number of their physicochemical characteristics can be investigated. This method becomes particularly useful for visualizing phase separation within polymer assemblies and assessing the dynamics of wormlike micelles in real time. Near-IR fluorophores can be covalently conjugated to polymers and this opens the possibility for deep-tissue fluorescence imaging of polymer assemblies in drug delivery applications.
Mesenchymal Migration as a Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhong Jessie , Paul Andre , Kellie Stewart J. , O'Neill Geraldine M.
Published: June 2010

Extensive infiltration of the surrounding healthy brain tissue is a cardinal feature of glioblastomas, highly lethal brain tumors. Deep infiltration by the glioblastoma cells renders complete surgical excision difficult and contemporary adjuvant therapies have had little impact on long-term survival. Thus, deep infiltration and resistance to irradiation and chemotherapy remain a major cause of patient mortality. Modern therapies specifically targeted to this unique aspect of glioblastoma cell biology hold significant promise to substantially improve survival rates for glioblastoma patients. In the present paper, we focus on the role of adhesion signaling molecules and the actin cytoskeleton in the mesenchymal mode of motility that characterizes invading glioblastoma cells. We then review current approaches to targeting these elements of the glioblastoma cell migration machinery and discuss other aspects of cell migration that may improve the treatment of infiltrating glioblastoma.
Single‐Tooth Modeling for 3D Dental Model
Authors: Yuan Tianran , Liao Wenhe , Dai Ning , Cheng Xiaosheng , Yu Qing
Published: June 2010

An integrated single‐tooth modeling scheme is proposed for the 3D dental model acquired by optical digitizers. The cores of the modeling scheme are fusion regions extraction, single tooth shape restoration, and single tooth separation. According to the “valley” shape‐like characters of the fusion regions between two adjoining teeth, the regions of the 3D dental model are analyzed and classified based on the minimum curvatures of the surface. The single tooth shape is restored according to the bioinformation along the hole boundary, which is generated after the fusion region being removed. By using the extracted boundary from the blending regions between the teeth and soft tissues as reference, the teeth can be separated from the 3D dental model one by one correctly. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve satisfying modeling results with high‐degree approximation of the real tooth and meet the requirements of clinical oral medicine.
Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor Activity by Leukocyte Ig-Like Receptors and Their Effects during Bacterial Infection
Authors: Pilsbury Louise E. , Allen Rachel L. , Vordermeier Martin
Published: June 2010

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a potent trigger for inflammatory immune responses. Without tight regulation their activation could lead to pathology, so it is imperative to extend our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that govern TLR expression and function. One family of immunoregulatory proteins which can provide a balancing effect on TLR activity are the Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs), which act as innate immune receptors for self-proteins. Here we describe the LILR family, their inhibitory effect on TLR activity in cells of the monocytic lineage, their signalling pathway, and their antimicrobial effects during bacterial infection. Agents have already been identified which enhances or inhibits LILR activity raising the future possibility that modulation of LILR function could be used as a means to modulate TLR activity.
Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis in Association with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ventura Filipa , Pereira Teresa , Duarte Maria da Luz , Marques Herlander , Pardal Fernando , Brito Celeste
Published: June 2010

Indeterminate cell histiocytosis (ICH) is a rare proliferative disorder, in which the predominant cells share morphologic and immunophenotypic features from both Langerhans and non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We describe a 62‐year‐old man presenting a 2‐month history of firm nodular lesions on the upper lip. Histopathology, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis showed typical findings of ICH. The patient was treated with thalidomide and almost complete regression of the lesions was reached within 7 months. Nevertheless, one month after remission, he developed an acute myeloid leukemia of the subtype monocytic leukemia (M5). The patient′s condition rapidly worsened and he died due to a respiratory failure four weeks later. We present this case because apart of being rare it joins the effectiveness of thalidomide and the association with an acute monocytic leukemia. A review of the literature is made.
The Information Theoretic Approach to Signal Anomaly Detection for Cognitive Radio
Authors: Afgani Mostafa , Sinanović Sinan , Haas Harald
Published: June 2010

Efficient utilisation and sharing of limited spectrum resources in an autonomous fashion is one of the primary goals of cognitive radio. However, decentralised spectrum sharing can lead to interference scenarios that must be detected and characterised to help achieve the other goal of cognitive radio—reliable service for the end user. Interference events can be treated as unusual and therefore anomaly detection algorithms can be applied for their detection. Two complementary algorithms based on information theoretic measures of statistical distribution divergence and information content are proposed. The first method is applicable to signals with periodic structures and is based on the analysis of Kullback-Leibler divergence. The second utilises information content analysis to detect unusual events. Results from software and hardware implementations show that the proposed algorithms are effective, simple, and capable of processing high-speed signals in real time. Additionally, neither of the algorithms require demodulation of the signal.
Local Likelihood Density Estimation and Value‐at‐Risk
Authors: Gourieroux Christian , Jasiak Joann
Published: June 2010

This paper presents a new nonparametric method for computing the conditional Value‐at‐Risk, based on a local approximation of the conditional density function in a neighborhood of a predetermined
extreme value for univariate and multivariate series of portfolio returns. For illustration, the method is applied to intraday VaR estimation on portfolios of two stocks traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The performance of the new VaR
computation method is compared to the historical simulation, variance‐covariance, and J. P. Morgan methods.
Iron Chelation Therapy in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Messa Emanuela , Cilloni Daniela , Saglio Giuseppe
Published: June 2010

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous disorder of the hematopoietic stem cells, frequently characterized by anemia and transfusion dependency. In low-risk patients, transfusion dependency can be long lasting, leading to iron overload. Iron chelation therapy may be a therapeutic option for these patients, especially since the approval of oral iron chelators, which are easier to use and better accepted by the patients. The usefulness of iron chelation in MDS patients is still under debate, mainly because of the lack of solid prospective clinical trials that should take place in the future. This review aims to summarize what is currently known about the incidence and clinical consequences of iron overload in MDS patients and the state-of the-art of iron chelation therapy in this setting. We also give an overview of clinical guidelines for chelation in MDS published to date and some perspectives for the future.
Diorganotin Complexes of a Thiosemicarbazone, Synthesis: Properties, X‐Ray Crystal Structure, and Antiproliferative Activity of Diorganotin Complexes
Authors: Wiecek Joanna , Kovala-Demertzi Dimitra , Ciunik Zbigniew , Zervou Maria , Demertzis Mavroudis A.
Published: June 2010

The synthesis and spectral characterization of novel diorganotin complexes with 3‐hydroxypyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, H2L(1), [SnMe2(L)] (2), [SnBu2(L)] (3), and [SnPh2(L)] (4) are reported. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of complex [SnPh2(L)(DMSO)] (5) shows that the ligand is doubly deprotonated and is coordinated as tridentate ligand.
The six coordination number is completed by two carbon atoms of phenyl groups. There are two similar monomers 5a (Sn1) and 5b (Sn51) in the asymmetric unit. The monomers 5a and 5b are linked through intermolecular hydrogen bonds of N–H–O and C–H–S type. C–H → π, intermolecular interactions, intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds stabilize this structure and leads to aggregation and a
supramolecular assembly. The IR and NMR ( 1H,  13C and  119Sn) spectroscopic data of the complexes are reported. The in vitro cytotoxic activity has been evaluated against the cells of three human cancer cell lines: MCF‐7
(human breast cancer cell line), T‐24 (bladder cancer cell line), A‐549 (nonsmall cell lung carcinoma) and a mouse L‐929 (a fibroblast‐like cell line cloned from strain L). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were found active against all four cell lines. Selectivity was observed for complexes 3 and 4 which were found especially active against MCF‐7 and T‐24 cancer cell lines.
Determining the Effect of Calculus, Hypocalcification, and Stain on Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Polarized Raman Spectroscopy for Detecting White Spot Lesions
Authors: Huminicki Amanda , Dong Cecilia , Cleghorn Blaine , Sowa Michael , Hewko Mark , Choo-Smith Lin-P'ing
Published: June 2010

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarized Raman spectroscopy (PRS) have been shown as useful methods for distinguishing sound enamel from carious lesionsex vivo. However, factors in the oral environment such as calculus, hypocalcification, and stain could lead to false-positive results. OCT and PRS were used to investigate extracted human teeth clinically examined for sound enamel, white spot lesion (WSL), calculus, hypocalcification, and stain to determine whether these factors would confound WSL detection with these optical methods. Results indicate that OCT allowed differentiating caries from sound enamel, hypocalcification, and stain, with calculus deposits recognizable on OCT images. ANOVA and post-hoc unequal N HSD analyses to compare the mean Raman depolarization ratios from the various groups showed that the mean values were statistically significant atP<.05, except for several comparison pairs. With the current PRS analysis method, the mean depolarization ratios of stained enamel and caries are not significantly different due to the sloping background in the stained enamel spectra. Overall, calculus and hypocalcification are not confounding factors affecting WSL detection using OCT and PRS. Stain does not influence WSL detection with OCT. Improved PRS analysis methods are needed to differentiate carious from stained enamel.
Key Beliefs for Targeted Interventions to Increase Physical Activity in Children: Analyzing Data from an Extended Version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Bélanger-Gravel A. , Godin G.
Published: June 2010

Given the high prevalence of overweight and low levels of physical activity among children, a better understanding of physical activity behaviour is an important step in intervention planning. This study, based on the theory of planned behaviour, was conducted among 313 fifth graders and their parents. Children completed a computer-based questionnaire to evaluate theoretical constructs and behaviour. Additional information was obtained from parents by means of a questionnaire. Correlates of children's physical activity were intention and self-identity. Determinants of intention were self-efficacy, self-identity, and attitude. Parental variables were mediated through cognitions. Among girls, practicing sedentary activities was an additional negative determinant of intention. Key beliefs of boys and girls were related to time management and difficulties associated with physical activity. For girls, social identification as an active girl was another important belief related to positive intention. This study provides theory-based information for the development of more effective interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among children.
A New Method of Mueller-Matrix Diagnostics and Differentiation of Early Oncological Changes of the Skin Derma
Authors: Ushenko Yu. A. , Peresunko A. P. , Adel Baku Bozan
Published: June 2010

The paper deals with investigation of the processes of laser radiation transformation by biological crystals networks using the singular optics techniques. The results obtained showed a distinct correlation between the points of “characteristic” values of coordinate distributions of Mueller matrix () elements and polarization singularities (L- and C-points) of laser transformation of biological crystals networks with the following possibility of Mueller-matrix selection of polarization singularity. The technique of Mueller-matrix diagnostics of pathological changes of skin derma is proposed.
Avoiding Sutured Tie-Over Dressings on the Nasal Dorsum
Authors: Harb A. , Pandya A. N.
Published: June 2010

The nose is a common site for basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Surgical excision can leave a defect that is appropriate for reconstruction with full thickness skin grafting. Tie-over dressings have gained popularity in this setting. We propose that steri-strips alone provide the necessary support to facilitate excellent graft take.
Ganglioside GM3 Is Antiangiogenic in Malignant Brain Cancer
Authors: Seyfried Thomas N. , Mukherjee Purna
Published: June 2010

Progression of malignant brain tumors is dependent upon vascularity and is associated with altered ganglioside composition and distribution. Evidence is reviewed showing that the simple monosialoganglioside, GM3, possesses powerful antiangiogenic action against the highly vascularized CT-2A mouse astrocytoma, which primarily expresses complex gangliosides. Brain tumors expressing high levels of GM3 are generally less vascularized and grow slower than tumors that express low levels of GM3. GM3 inhibits angiogenesis through autocrine and paracrine effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and associated receptors. GM3 should be a clinically useful compound for managing brain tumor angiogenesis.
Effects of In Vitro Maturation on Histone Acetylation in Metaphase II Oocytes and Early Cleavage Embryos
Authors: Wang Ning , Le Fang , Zhan Qi-Tao , Li Li , Dong Min-Yue , Ding Guo-Lian , Xu Chen-Ming , Jiang Shi-Wen , Huang He-Feng , Jin Fan
Published: June 2010

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocyte is an effective procedure for avoiding ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in patients with polycystic ovaries (PCOS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF). To investigate the influences of IVM on epigenetic reprogramming and to search for the possible reasons for the lower rates of fertilization and cleavage in IVM oocytes, we examined the expression of two enzymes controlling histone acetylation, histone acetyltransferase GCN5 (GCN5) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), as well as their common target, acetyl‐histone H3 (Ac‐H3), in mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Results showed that IVM downregulated the protein expression of GCN5 in MII oocytes and two‐cell embryos and changed the distribution of GCN5 in two‐cell embryos. Expression of HDAC1 mRNA in MII oocytes and two‐cell embryos decreased in the IVM group. However, none of these changes persisted after two‐cell embryos. Levels of Ac‐H3 in both oocytes and embryos remained unchanged after IVM. Our studies indicated that IVM could affect the protein and gene expression related to histone acetylation in oocytes and early cleavage embryos. By function of selection, parts of the changes could be recovered in late embryo development.
A High-Sucrose Isocaloric Pair-Fed Model Induces Obesity and Impairs NDUFB6 Gene Function in Rat Adipose Tissue
Authors: Lomba A. , Milagro F.I. , García-Díaz D.F. , Campión J. , Marzo F. , Martínez J.A.
Published: June 2010

Background/Aim: Changes in dietary macronutrient content are involved in altered energy metabolism and obesity development. However, there are controversial views about the obesogenic effects of high-sucrose (HS) diets, which usually lead to obesity and insulin resistance but are sometimes associated with reduced weight gain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consumption of a pair-fed HS diet on weight gain and energy homeostasis in rats, as well as to assess the effects on expression of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1β subcomplex 6 (NDUFB6) gene in adipose tissue. Methods/Results: Although both dietary groups, i.e. HS and control, were pair-fed (isoenergetic feeding), the HS diet increased adiposity and decreased plasma total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. While no significant differences were found with regard to serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, free fatty acids and liver malondialdehyde, a slight increase in serum and liver triglycerides was observed. Interestingly, the gene expression of NDUFB6, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein involved in mitochondrial electron transport, was reduced in epididymal adipose tissue when compared to the control-fed group. Conclusion: These results suggest, apparently for the first time, that high-sugar diets appear to induce mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue, which may be related to greater weight gain and metabolic impairment.
Sensitivity of Bimodal Listeners to Interaural Time Differences with Modulated Single- and Multiple-Channel Stimuli
Authors: Francart Tom , Lenssen Anneke , Wouters Jan
Published: June 2010

In a previous study, it was shown that users of a cochlear implant and a contralateral hearing aid are sensitive to interaural time differences (ITDs). In the current study, we investigated (1) the influence on ITD sensitivity of bilaterally varying the place of excitation in the cochlea and of modulation frequency, and (2) the sensitivity to ITD with a 3-channel stimulus generated using continuous-interleaved-sampling (CIS)-like processing. The stimuli were (1) a high-frequency carrier (acoustic sinusoid and single-electrode electric pulse train), modulated with a half-wave-rectified low-frequency sinusoid (a so-called transposed stimulus), and (2) a 3-channel stimulus, generated by sending an acoustic click train through processing similar to the CIS strategy. Four bimodal listeners were sensitive to ITD for both stimulus types. For the first stimulus type, there was no significant influence on ITD sensitivity of the acoustic carrier frequency. Performance decreased with increasing modulation frequency with a limit of sensitivity at around 150–200 Hz. Sensitivity was similar for the single- and 3-channel stimulus. The results indicate the possibility of ITD perception with adapted clinical processors, which can lead to improved sound source localization and binaural unmasking.
Cortical Activation Pattern in Hemiparetic Patients with Pontine Infarct
Authors: Kwon Yong Hyun , Jang Sung Ho
Published: June 2010

Objectives: No prior study has reported on the cortical activation pattern in hemiparetic patients with a pontine infarct. The aim of this study was to investigate the cortical activation pattern of hemiparetic patients with a pontine infarct, using functional MRI scanning (fMRI). Subjects and Method: Fifteen consecutive patients who showed severe weakness at onset due to a pontine infarct were recruited. The motor function was assessed at the time of the onset of stroke and fMRI scanning was performed (on average 8.9 months after stroke onset). The fMRI was performed during a motor task of timed hand grasp-release movements. From the fMRI, the laterality index was calculated to assess the relative activity in the ipsilateral versus the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1). Results: All patients except for 2 (bilateral SM1 activation) showed contralateral SM1 activation without ipsilateral SM1 activation associated with the affected hand movements. The average laterality index for the affected hand movements among all patients was 0.97. Conclusions: The fMRI results showed that primarily the contralateral SM1 was activated during affected hand movements. Therefore, it appears that the motor function of the affected hand, in patients with a pontine infarct, recovers mainly via the lateral corticospinal tract.
G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 35 Is a Target of the Asthma Drugs Cromolyn Disodium and Nedocromil Sodium
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Lu Jenny Ying-Lin , Wu Xiaosu , Summer Shamin , Whoriskey John , Saris Christiaan , Reagan Jeff D.
Published: June 2010

We report that the asthma drugs cromolyn disodium and nedocromil sodium are potent G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) agonists. We utilized calcium flux and inositol phosphate accumulation assays to examine the pharmacology of these asthma drugs on the human, mouse and rat GPR35. The compounds were more potent on the human GPR35 than on mouse and rat receptors. In contrast, zaprinast, a known GPR35 agonist, was more potent on mouse and rat GPR35 than the human ortholog. We show by quantitative PCR that GPR35 is expressed in human mast cells, human basophils and human eosinophils. We also demonstrate that GPR35 mRNA is upregulated upon challenge with IgE antibodies. We show that, unlike zaprinast, a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, cromolyn disodium and nedocromil sodium lack inhibitory activity towards PDE5. These findings suggest that GPR35 may play an important role in mast cell biology and be a potential target for the treatment of asthma.
Tea and Coffee Consumption and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: de Koning Gans J. Margot , Uiterwaal Cuno S.P.M. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Boer Jolanda M.A. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Verschuren W. M. Monique , Beulens Joline W.J.
Published: June 2010

Objective—

To examine the associations of coffee and tea consumption with risk of morbidity and mortality of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) and with all-cause mortality.

Methods and Results—

Coffee and tea consumption were assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and 37 514 participants were observed for 13 years for the occurrence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A U-shaped association between coffee and CHD was found, with the lowest hazard ratio (HR [95% CI]) for 2.1 to 3.0 cups per day (0.79 [0.65 to 0.96];
P
trend
=0.01). Tea was inversely associated with CHD, with the lowest HR (95% CI) for more than 6.0 cups per day (0.64 [0.46 to 0.90];
P
trend
=0.02). No associations between tea or coffee and stroke were found (
P
trend
=0.63 and
P
trend
=0.32, respectively). Although not significant, coffee slightly reduced the risk for CHD mortality (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.37 to 1.11;
P
trend
=0.12) for 3.1 to 6.0 cups per day. A U-shaped association between tea and CHD mortality was observed, with an HR of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.97;
P
trend
=0.03) for 3.1 to 6.0 cups per day. Neither coffee nor tea was associated with stroke (
P
trend
=0.22 and
P
trend
=0.74, respectively) and all-cause mortality (
P
trend
=0.33 and
P
trend
=0.43, respectively).

Conclusion—

High tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CHD mortality. Our results suggest a slight risk reduction for CHD mortality with moderate coffee consumption and strengthen the evidence on the lower risk of CHD with coffee and tea consumption.
Association of Genetic Risk Variants With Expression of Proximal Genes Identifies Novel Susceptibility Genes for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Folkersen Lasse , Hooft Ferdinand van't , Chernogubova Ekaterina , Agardh Hanna E. , Hansson Göran K. , Hedin Ulf , Liska Jan , Syvänen Ann-Christine , Paulsson-Berne Gabrielle , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Hamsten Anders , Gabrielsen Anders , Eriksson Per ,   on behalf of the BiKE and ASAP study groups
Published: June 2010

Background—

Population-based genome-wide association studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cardiovascular disease or its risk factors. Genes in close proximity to these risk-SNPs are often thought to be pathogenetically important based on their location alone. However, the actual connections between SNPs and disease mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Methods and Results—

To identify novel susceptibility genes, we investigated how 166 SNPs previously found to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk and/or predisposing metabolic traits relate to the expression of nearby genes. Gene expression in 577 samples of aorta, liver, mammary artery, and carotid atherosclerotic plaque was measured using expression arrays. For 47 SNPs, the expression levels of proximal genes (located within 200 kb) were affected (
P
<0.005). More than 20 of these genes had not previously been identified as candidate genes for cardiovascular or related metabolic traits. SNP-associated gene effects were tissue-specific and the tissue specificity was phenotype-dependent.

Conclusions—

This study demonstrates several instances of association between risk-SNPs and genes immediately adjacent to them. It also demonstrates instances in which the associated gene is not the immediately proximal and obvious candidate gene for disease. This shows the necessity of careful studies of genetic marker data as a first step toward application of genome-wide association studies findings in a clinical setting.
Gender Differences in the Impact of Presentational Factors in Human Character Animation on Decisions in Ethical Dilemmas
Authors: MacDorman Karl F , Coram Joseph A , Ho Chin-Chang , Patel Himalaya
Published: June 2010

Simulated humans in computer interfaces are increasingly taking on roles that were once reserved for real humans. The presentation of simulated humans is affected by their appearance, motion quality, and interactivity. These presentational factors can influence the decisions of those who interact with them. This is of concern to interface designers and users alike, because these decisions often have moral and ethical consequences. However, the impact of presentational factors on decisions in ethical dilemmas has not been explored. This study is intended as a first effort toward filling this gap. In a between-groups experiment, a female character presented participants with an ethical dilemma. The character's human photorealism and motion quality were varied to generate four stimulus conditions: real human versus computer-generated character × fluid versus jerky movement. The results indicate that the stimulus condition had no significant effect on female participants, while male participants were significantly more likely to rule against the character when her visual appearance was computer generated and her movements were jerky.
Examining the Structures That Impact English Language Learners’ Agency in Urban High Schools: Resources and Roadblocks in the Classroom
Authors: Wassell Beth A. , Fernández Hawrylak Maria , LaVan Sarah-Kate
Published: June 2010

This qualitative study focused on the classroom experiences of 14 English Language Learners (ELL) students in urban high schools. The authors argue that specific structures within classrooms and schools affect ELL students’ agency, or their ability to access and appropriate resources to meet their learning and social needs. Using a narrative inquiry methodological framework, the authors found that these structures included resources, such as space, and time, and a schema of caring, which were created by teachers’ practices. They also included roadblocks, such as poor instructional practices, a lack of empathy of students’ experiences, and diminished access to the curriculum.
Defending Immanent Critique
Authors: Sabia Dan
Published: June 2010

This article develops, illustrates, and defends a conception of immanent critique. Immanent critique is construed as a form of hermeneutical practice and second-order political and normative criticism. The common charge that immanent critique is a form of philosophical conventionalism necessarily committed to value relativism and to the rejection of transcultural and cosmopolitan norms is denied. But immanent critique insists that meaningful and potentially efficacious criticism must be connected to relevant criteria and understandings internal to the culture or social order at which the criticism is directed. The complaint that this demand will likely limit political and moral criticism is also denied, and the ability of immanent critique to develop from convention unconventional thinking is defended and demonstrated.
Between Commonweal and Competition
Authors: Rufín Carlos , Rivera-Santos Miguel
Published: June 2010

The authors leverage insights and theories from the extensive interfirm (business-to-business, or B2B) alliance literature to explore the effect of the sectors of the partners on the governance of infrastructure public–private partnerships (PPPs) as compared with B2B alliances. Their analysis suggests that the sectors of the partners have an important impact on PPP governance, not only because the sector constrains the availability of some governance mechanisms but also because it makes alternative mechanisms available or relevant to the partners. Specifically, the authors predict that PPPs will avoid equity structures and will rely, instead, on less complete and more complex alliance contracts; a restricted scope of activities; and nonequity hostages, such as metagovernance mechanisms or stakeholder involvement. Contrasting with B2B alliances, their analysis also suggests that trust-based governance mechanisms will play a minimal role in the governance of PPPs.
Is surface EMG biofeedback an effective training method for persons with neck and shoulder complaints after whiplash-associated disorders concerning activities of daily living and pain — a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ehrenborg Cecilia , Archenholtz Birgitha
Published: June 2010

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of surface electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training as a supplement to an interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme regarding consequences for activities of daily living and pain.

Design: A randomized controlled unblinded trial.

Settings: The study was carried out in a pain unit at a rehabilitation centre.

Subjects: Sixty-five people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders consecutively referred to the pain unit agreed to participate in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group.

Intervention: All participants received interdisciplinary rehabilitation and the treatment group also had four weeks of surface EMG biofeedback training.

Main measures: The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used at admission discharge and at six-month follow-up to register changes in activities of daily living. The Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Swedish version, was used at admission and at six-month follow-up to capture the multidimensional aspects of pain.

Results: Sixty-two people completed the study. Both treatment and control groups improved significantly according to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure at discharge and the results remained after six months (P<0.001). The subscale ‘Interference’ on the Multidimensional Pain Inventory was significantly decreased at six months for the treatment group (P<0.001). No differences were found between the two groups for activities of daily living (performance P = 0.586; satisfaction P = 0.988) at follow-up or for pain level (P = 0.914), indicating no additional effect of the surface EMG biofeedback training.

Conclusion: In this study there was no support for the effectiveness of surface EMG biofeedback training as a supplement to an interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme for people with long-lasting pain after whiplash.
Part 1: Home-based family caregiving at the end of life: a comprehensive review of published quantitative research (1998-2008)
Authors: Stajduhar KI , Funk L , Toye C , Grande GE , Aoun S , Todd CJ
Published: June 2010

The changing context of palliative care over the last decade highlights the importance of recent research on home-based family caregiving at the end of life. This article reports on a comprehensive review of quantitative research (1998—2008) in this area, utilizing a systematic approach targeting studies on family caregivers, home settings, and an identified palliative phase of care ( n = 129). Methodological challenges were identified, including: small, non-random, convenience samples; reliance on descriptive and bivariate analyses; and a dearth of longitudinal research. Robust evidence regarding causal relationships between predictor variables and carer outcomes is lacking. Findings suggest the need for knowledge regarding: family caregiving for patients with non-malignant terminal conditions; whether needs and outcomes differ between family caregivers at the end of life and comparison groups; and caregiver outcomes in bereavement. Clear definitions of ‘family caregiving’, ‘end of life’, and ‘needs’ are required as well as greater application and testing of theoretical and conceptual explanations.
Adolescent exposure to nicotine and/or the cannabinoid agonist CP 55,940 induces gender-dependent long-lasting memory impairments and changes in brain nicotinic and CB1 cannabinoid receptors
Authors: Mateos B , Borcel E , Loriga R , Luesu W , Bini V , Llorente R , Castelli MP , Viveros M-P
Published: June 2010

We have analysed the long-term effects of adolescent (postnatal day 28–43) exposure of male and female rats to nicotine (NIC, 1.4 mg/kg/day) and/or the cannabinoid agonist CP 55,940 (CP, 0.4 mg/kg/day) on the following parameters measured in the adulthood: (1) the memory ability evaluated in the object location task (OL) and in the novel object test (NOT); (2) the anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze; and (3) nicotinic and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in cingulated cortex and hippocampus. In the OL, all pharmacological treatments induced significant decreases in the DI of females, whereas no significant effects were found among males. In the NOT, NIC-treated females showed a significantly reduced DI, whereas the effect of the cannabinoid agonist (a decrease in the DI) was only significant in males. The anxiety-related behaviour was not changed by any drug. Both, nicotine and cannabinoid treatments induced a long-lasting increase in CB1 receptor activity (CP-stimulated GTPγS binding) in male rats, and the nicotine treatment also induced a decrease in nicotinic receptor density in the prefrontal cortex of females. The results show gender-dependent harmful effects of both drugs and long-lasting changes in CB1 and nicotinic receptors.
Interaction of estrogen with central serotonergic mechanisms in human sensory processing: loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential and mismatch negativity
Authors: Guille Valérie , Gogos Andrea , Nathan Pradeep J , Croft Rodney J , van den Buuse Maarten
Published: June 2010

Estrogen may be involved in schizophrenia by inhibiting serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor function. We examined the effects of estrogen pre-treatment on modulation of loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) and mismatch negativity by the 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, buspirone. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures design in healthy female volunteers, we observed that buspirone treatment significantly increased LDAEP slope. Estrogen increased LDAEP slope on its own, and a further LDAEP increase by buspirone was not seen after estrogen pre-treatment. Similar results were observed for mismatch negativity, where buspirone caused a small increase of latency, although not amplitude, after placebo but not estrogen pre-treatment, which enhanced mismatch negativity latency on its own. These results are in line with our previous findings on prepulse inhibition showing an inhibitory effect of estrogen on the action of buspirone. Taken together, these data suggest that estrogen may inhibit 5-HT1A receptor-mediated disruptions of auditory processing.
Sex Offender Community Notification Laws: Are Their Effects Symbolic or Instrumental in Nature?
Authors: Sample Lisa L. , Evans Mary K. , Anderson Amy L.
Published: June 2010

Researchers interested in public policy have noted that laws may have a symbolic or an instrumental function. The example of sex offender legislation is used to look for both instrumental and symbolic effects of this legislation. Although the symbolic effects of sex offender legislation have been examined by prior research, less is known about the instrumental effects of this legislation. This research examines the instrumental functions of sex offender legislation using survey data that asked about whether members of the public have checked the sex offender registry and the reasons behind their answer. The findings of this study suggest largely symbolic effects of sex offender registry legislation, and implications of this finding are discussed.
Fragments of Unconscious Experience
Authors: Burkitt Ian
Published: June 2010

In constructionist and dialogical psychology there have been few attempts to reach an understanding of that which is “unconscious.” The exception to this is Billig’s re-reading of Freudian repression in terms of conversational rules that bar certain topics, and his use of Marx’s ideas from Capital to show how collective, habitual forms of acting, speaking, and thinking make us unmindful of aspects of reality. To extend the analysis of the unconscious in this vein, I draw on the ideas of Bakhtin, Merleau-Ponty, Vološinov, and Lichtman to move towards a dialogical, relational, and sociological understanding of that which is unconscious; a move which can also accommodate a phenomenological understanding of how we might actively conceal from ourselves things we already know and see. I use fragments drawn from literary and biographical sources to illustrate how divided voices and tones spoken in interpersonal, ethical, and ideological dialogues can be refracted in a person’s micro-dialogue, leading to some voices and tendencies of the self to be concealed or placed on the threshold of verbalized, conscious experience. Similarly, the social context in which people act is not always fully articulated in dialogue, leaving sociality as an implicit factor in people’s intentional actions.
Health and Adaptation in a Multiple Self
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo , Hermans Hubert J.M. , Lysaker Paul H.
Published: June 2010

It has been suggested recently that the self consists of multifaceted aspects which are not reducible to a singular core or entity. It is unclear whether the degree of multiplicity that individuals with significant pathology experience is linked with health and adaptation. Both an excess and a restricted degree of activity among multiple aspects of the self have been associated with pathology. We explore the evidence that the impact of degree of multiplicity of self upon adaptation may be mediated by: (a) the capacity of the various aspects of the self to engage in a dialogue among each other—that is, to discuss, build upon, or argue with one another; and (b) metacognitive capacity, or the ability to think about one’s own thinking and the thinking of others in a nuanced way and to build an integrated view of different aspects of oneself and others. Implications for conceptualizing psychopathology and psychotherapy research are discussed.
Addressing the Other in Dialogue
Authors: Ellis Basia D. , Stam Henderikus J.
Published: June 2010

The dialogical self, defined as a dynamic multiplicity of I-positions, has been taken up in multiple ways in psychology generally and cultural psychology specifically. As a self unfolding dynamically with others in a world, the dialogical self is at its foundation ethical. Self scholars have recognized the ethical nature of the dialogical self, but have not yet described how the self navigates its course in light of the demands and considerations of others. We examine this by turning to the phenomenological and hermeneutic account of self offered by Paul Ricoeur. Ricoeur provides a dialectical and cultural theory of the self that shares important similarities with the dialogical self, meriting a theoretical comparison. Most importantly, Ricoeur gives a detailed description of the self’s ethical framework. We employ his insights in the current paper to reveal the manner in which the dialogical self is oriented toward the good in lived experience.
Evolution and change in industrial clusters: An analysis of Hsinchu and Sophia Antipolis
Authors: Parker Rachel
Published: June 2010

The aim of this paper is to advance understandings of the processes of cluster-building and evolution, or transformative and adaptive change, through the conscious design and reflective activities of private and public actors. A model of transformation is developed which illustrates the importance of actors becoming exposed to new ideas and visions for industrial change by political entrepreneurs and external networks. Further, actors must be guided in their decision-making and action by the new vision, and this requires that they are persuaded of its viability through the provision of test cases and supportive resources and institutions. In order for new ideas to become guiding models, actors must be convinced of their desirability through the portrayal of models as a means of confronting competitive challenges and serving the economic interests of the city/region. Subsequent adaptive change is iterative and reflexive, involving a process of strategic learning amongst key industrial and political actors.
Sleep Habits and Fatigue of Children Receiving Maintenance Chemotherapy for ALL and Their Parents
Authors: Zupanec Sue , Jones Heather , Stremler Robyn
Published: June 2010

The study of potential contributors to fatigue, such as sleep disturbance, has been identified as a research priority in pediatric cancer. The primary objective of this descriptive study was to explore relationships between sleep habits, sleep disturbance, and fatigue for children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study also described sleep habits, sleep disturbance, and fatigue of parents of children and adolescents with ALL and determined if relationships existed between parent and child sleep disturbance and fatigue. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, children aged 4-18 years receiving maintenance chemotherapy for ALL and their parents completed questionnaires about their sleep and fatigue. Sleep disturbance was common in both children (87%) and parents (48%) and sleep disturbance scores were positively correlated with fatigue scores. From qualitative written responses to open-ended questions, 9 themes emerged related to sleep for children undergoing maintenance chemotherapy for ALL. Sleep differences noted since diagnosis included (1) sleep is disturbed, (2) sleep habits have changed, and (3) sleep is unchanged or improved. Things that got in the way of children sleeping well included (4) side effects of medication, especially dexamethasone; and (5) medication schedules. Things that helped children get sleep at night were (6) sleeping with someone, (7) comforting activities or routine, (8) medications, and (9) food and drink. Sleep disturbance in children on ALL maintenance and their parents is common and likely contributes to increased fatigue and is a potential target for nursing interventions.
Eating Experiences of Children and Adolescents With Chemotherapy-Related Nausea and Mucositis
Authors: Green Rebecca , Horn Heather , Erickson Jeanne M.
Published: June 2010

Despite many advances in symptom management, children and adolescents with cancer still have trouble maintaining adequate oral intake during routine chemotherapy treatment. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the eating experiences of children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy when they had problems with nausea and mucositis. Eight children and adolescents and their caregivers were interviewed to describe how and what the children and adolescents ate when they were nauseated and/or had a sore mouth. Findings reveal that these children and adolescents all experienced nausea and frequently preferred not to eat during these periods. Eating problems related to mucositis also limited oral intake in this sample. These children and adolescents and their caregivers tried a variety of foods and strategies to maintain intake, including those recommended by health care providers. Prevention and management of nausea remains a challenge for children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy. Health care providers need to offer detailed eating suggestions throughout therapy so that these patients can maintain adequate nutrition and weight for optimal treatment tolerance as well as normal growth and development. Continued research is needed to test the effectiveness of interventions focused on maintaining oral intake during cancer treatment.
Teachers' Risk Perception and Needs in Addressing Infectious Disease Outbreak
Authors: Wong Emmy M. Y. , Cheng May M. H. , Lo S. K.
Published: June 2010

The outbreak of the Influenza A (H1N1) virus has led to numerous precautionary school closures in several countries. No research is available on the school teachers' perceptions as a health protective resource in controlling communicable disease outbreaks. The purposes of this study were to examine the risk perception, the perceived understanding of preventive measures and contingency plans, and the needs of school teachers before the imminent outbreak of H1N1. This survey was conducted with 1,169 Hong Kong school teachers before school closures due to the H1N1 outbreak. The results showed that the teachers were well aware of H1N1 but were still worried about the spread of H1N1 infection. The teachers' worries depended on their psychological reaction, the adequacy of the control measures, government support in providing infectious disease knowledge, perceived understanding of preventive measures and contingency plans, students and parents' awareness, and the need for support from health professionals.