bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of B-Cell Epitopes for Eliciting Neutralizing Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein through Bioinformatics and Monoclonal Antibody Targeting
Authors: Lim Hui Xuan , Masomian Malihe , Khalid Kanwal , Kumar Asqwin Uthaya , MacAry Paul A. , Poh Chit Laa
Published: April 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global public health crisis. Effective COVID-19 vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Astra Zeneca have made significant impacts in controlling the COVID-19 burden, especially in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalization incidences. In view of the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccines developed against the Wuhan strain were less effective against the variants. Neutralizing antibodies produced by B cells are a critical component of adaptive immunity, particularly in neutralizing viruses by blocking virus attachment and entry into cells. Therefore, the identification of protective linear B-cell epitopes can guide epitope-based peptide designs. This study reviews the identification of SARS-CoV-2 B-cell epitopes within the spike, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins that can be incorporated as potent B-cell epitopes into peptide vaccine constructs. The bioinformatic approach offers a new in silico strategy for the mapping and identification of potential B-cell epitopes and, upon in vivo validation, would be useful for the rapid development of effective multi-epitope-based vaccines. Potent B-cell epitopes were identified from the analysis of three-dimensional structures of monoclonal antibodies in a complex with SARS-CoV-2 from literature mining. This review provides significant insights into the elicitation of potential neutralizing antibodies by potent B-cell epitopes, which could advance the development of multi-epitope peptide vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Cell-in-Cell Phenomena in Wall-Less Bacteria: Is It Possible?
Authors: Vishnyakov Innokentii E.
Published: April 2022

This work describes curious structures formed by the mainly phytopathogenic mycoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii, as well as the human pathogen Ureaplasma parvum cells which resemble cell-in-cell structures of higher eukaryotes and protists. The probable significance of such structures for the mycoplasma cell is discussed. The possibility of their formation in nature and their potential role in the transformation of genetic material, for example, by maintaining (on the one hand) the stability of the genome in the line of generations during asexual reproduction or (on the other hand) the genome plasticity, are substantiated. It should be especially noted that all the arguments presented are based only on morphological data. However, closer attention to unusual structures, the existence of which was shown by electron microscopy images in this case, may prompt researchers to analyze their data more carefully and find something rare and non-trivial among seemingly trivial things. If it is proven by additional methods that cell-in-cell structures can indeed be formed by prokaryotes without a cell wall, this phenomenon may acquire general biological significance.
Oxidative Stress in Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases: Basic and Translational Aspects
Authors: Mancini Antonio , Silvestrini Andrea
Published: April 2022

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight oxidative stress (OS) as a mechanism underlying a major risk factor for several human diseases [...]
Amylin Protein Expression in the Rat Brain and Neuro-2a Cells
Authors: Yoo Yeong-Min , Jung Eui-Man , Jeung Eui-Bae , Jo Bo Ram , Joo Seong Soo
Published: April 2022

The localization and expression of amylin protein in the rodent brain and mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) are less widely known. Thus, this study investigated the expression distribution of amylin in the rat brain and N2a treated with steroid hormones. Amylin protein was identified in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus, thalamus, hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area (VTA), cerebellum, and brain stem in the rat brain. Additionally, the amylin protein was localized with the mature neurons of the cerebral cortex and dopaminergic neurons of the VTA. Progesterone (P4) and dexamethasone (Dex) significantly decreased, and 17β-estradiol (E2) increased the amylin protein level in the cerebral cortex. The P4 receptor antagonist RU486 significantly influenced the effects of P4 and Dex, and the E2 receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 slightly changed E2′s effect. Amylin protein expression was significantly reduced in the VTA by P4 and Dex, and its expression was changed only following P4 plus RU486 treatment. It was confirmed for the first time that amylin protein is strongly expressed in the cytoplasm in N2a cells using immunofluorescent staining. P4 increased the levels of amylin, and RU486 treatment decreased them. Dex significantly increased the levels of amylin protein. RU486 treatment reversed the effects of Dex. Therefore, amylin protein is expressed in the cerebral cortex neurons and dopaminergic neurons of the VTA of the immature rat brain. P4 and Dex influence the expression of amylin protein in the rat brain and N2a cells.
Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia Study with Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Covered with γ-Cyclodextrins by Computer Simulation for Application in Alternative Cancer Therapy
Authors: Caizer Isabela Simona , Caizer Costica
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present a study by computer simulation on superparamagnetic hyperthermia with CoFe2O4 ferrimagnetic nanoparticles coated with biocompatible gamma-cyclodextrins (γ-CDs) to be used in alternative cancer therapy with increased efficacy and non-toxicity. The specific loss power that leads to the heating of nanoparticles in superparamagnetic hyperthermia using CoFe2O4–γ-CDs was analyzed in detail depending on the size of the nanoparticles, the thickness of the γ-CDs layer on the nanoparticle surface, the amplitude and frequency of the alternating magnetic field, and the packing fraction of nanoparticles, in order to find the proper conditions in which the specific loss power is maximal. We found that the maximum specific loss power was determined by the Brown magnetic relaxation processes, and the maximum power obtained was significantly higher than that which would be obtained by the Néel relaxation processes under the same conditions. Moreover, increasing the amplitude of the magnetic field led to a significant decrease in the optimal diameter at which the maximum specific loss power is obtained (e.g., for 500 kHz frequency the optimal diameter decreased from 13.6 nm to 9.8 nm when the field increased from 10 kA/m to 50 kA/m), constituting a major advantage in magnetic hyperthermia for its optimization, in contrast to the known results in the absence of cyclodextrins from the surface of immobilized nanoparticles of CoFe2O4, where the optimal diameter remained practically unchanged at ~6.2 nm.
Glucose Metabolism, Neural Cell Senescence and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Duan Linyan , Li Xingfan , Wang Yifu , Guo Wenna , Guan Fangxia , Ma Shanshan
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an elderly neurodegenerative disorder with a high incidence and progressive memory decline, is one of the most expensive, lethal, and burdening diseases. To date, the pathogenesis of AD has not been fully illustrated. Emerging studies have revealed that cellular senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain are the early hallmarks of AD. Moreover, cellular senescence and glucose metabolism disturbance in the brain of AD patients may precede amyloid-β deposition or Tau protein phosphorylation. Thus, metabolic reprogramming targeting senescent microglia and astrocytes may be a novel strategy for AD intervention and treatment. Here, we recapitulate the relationships between neural cell senescence and abnormal glucose metabolism (e.g., insulin signaling, glucose and lactate metabolism) in AD. We then discuss the potential perspective of metabolic reprogramming towards an AD intervention, providing a theoretical basis for the further exploration of the pathogenesis of and therapeutic approach toward AD.
Microglial FABP4-UCP2 Axis Modulates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Obese Mice
Authors: So Simon W. , Fleming Kendra M. , Duffy Cayla M. , Nixon Joshua P. , Bernlohr David A. , Butterick Tammy A.
Published: April 2022

The microglial fatty-acid-binding protein 4-uncoupling protein 2 (FABP4-UCP2) axis is a key regulator of neuroinflammation in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed animals, indicating a role for FABP4 in brain immune response. We hypothesized that the FABP4-UCP2 axis is involved in regulating diet-induced cognitive decline. We tested cognitive function in mice lacking microglial FABP4 (AKO mice). Fifteen-week-old male AKO and wild-type (WT) mice were maintained on 60% HFD or normal chow (NC) for 12 weeks. Body composition was measured using EchoMRI. Locomotor activity, working memory, and spatial memory were assessed using behavioral tests (open field, T-maze, and Barnes maze, respectively). Hippocampal microgliosis was assessed via immunohistochemical staining. An inflammatory cytokine panel was assayed using hippocampal tissue. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to measure microglial UCP2 mRNA expression. Our data support that loss of FABP4 prevents cognitive decline in vivo. HFD-fed WT mice exhibited impaired long- and short-term memory, in contrast with HFD-fed AKO mice. HFD-fed WT mice had an increase in hippocampal inflammatory cytokine expression (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, KC/GRO(CXCL1), IL-10, and TNFα) and microgliosis, and decreased microglial UCP2 expression. HFD-fed AKO mice had decreased hippocampal inflammatory cytokine expression and microgliosis and increased microglial UCP2 expression compared to HFD-fed WT mice. Collectively, our work supports the idea that the FABP4-UCP2 axis represents a potential therapeutic target in preventing diet-induced cognitive decline.
Detection of VAMP Proteolysis by Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B In Vivo with a Cleavage-Specific Antibody
Authors: Fabris Federico , Šoštarić Petra , Matak Ivica , Binz Thomas , Toffan Anna , Simonato Morena , Montecucco Cesare , Pirazzini Marco , Rossetto Ornella
Published: April 2022

Tetanus and Botulinum type B neurotoxins are bacterial metalloproteases that specifically cleave the vesicle-associated membrane protein VAMP at an identical peptide bond, resulting in inhibition of neuroexocytosis. The minute amounts of these neurotoxins commonly used in experimental animals are not detectable, nor is detection of their VAMP substrate sensitive enough. The immune detection of the cleaved substrate is much more sensitive, as we have previously shown for botulinum neurotoxin type A. Here, we describe the production in rabbit of a polyclonal antibody raised versus a peptide encompassing the 13 residues C-terminal with respect to the neurotoxin cleavage site. The antibody was affinity purified and found to recognize, with high specificity and selectivity, the novel N-terminus of VAMP that becomes exposed after cleavage by tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin type B. This antibody recognizes the neoepitope not only in native and denatured VAMP but also in cultured neurons and in neurons in vivo in neurotoxin-treated mice or rats, suggesting the great potential of this novel tool to elucidate tetanus and botulinum B toxin activity in vivo.
Experimental Testing of an Approach to Establishing Combined Toxicity of Ternary Nanoparticle Mixtures
Authors: Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Panov Vladimir G. , Gurvich Vladimir B. , Privalova Larisa I. , Klinova Svetlana V. , Katsnelson Boris A.
Published: April 2022

Our studies of exposure to binary mixtures of nanoparticles (TiO2 + SiO2; TiO2 + Al2O3 and SiO2 + Al2O3) based on mathematical modelling show that their combined subchronic toxicity can either be of an additive type or deviate from it depending on the outcome, dose ratio, and levels of effect. To characterize the type of toxicity of ternary mixtures of nanoparticles, we successfully tested a previously developed approach for assessing the combined toxicity of metal ions. In this approach, the effects are classified by a null, positive, or negative change in the toxicity of binary nanoparticle mixtures when modeled against the toxicity of the third agent added.
PcWRKY11, an II-d WRKY Transcription Factor from Polygonum cuspidatum, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Guowei , Wang Xiaowei , Ma Hongping , Fan Haili , Lin Fan , Chen Jianhui , Chai Tuanyao , Wang Hong
Published: April 2022

Being an invasive plant, Polygonum cuspidatum is highly resilient and can survive in unfavorable environments for long periods; however, its molecular mechanisms associated with such environmental resistance are largely unknown. In this study, a WRKY transcription factor (TF) gene, PcWRKY11, was identified from P. cuspidatum by analyzing methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treated transcriptome data. It showed a high degree of homology with WRKY11 from Arabidopsis thaliana, containing a WRKY domain and a zinc finger structure and II-d WRKY characteristic domains of HARF, a calmodulin-binding domain (C-motif), and a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) through sequence alignment and functional element mining. qPCR analysis showed that the expression of PcWRKY11 can be induced by NaCl, osmotic stress, and UV-C. In this study, we also found that overexpression of PcWRKY11 in A. thaliana could significantly increase salt tolerance. To explore its possible molecular mechanism, further investigations showed that compared with the wild type (WT), under salt stress, the transgenic plants showed a lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, higher expression of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and higher enzyme activity of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, the transgenic plants also showed higher expression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (AtP5CS), and higher contents of proline and soluble sugar. Taken together, these results indicate that PcWRKY11 may have a positive role in plants’ adaptation to salinity conditions by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increasing osmosis substance synthesis.
IGFBP-6: At the Crossroads of Immunity, Tissue Repair and Fibrosis
Authors: Liso Arcangelo , Venuto Santina , Coda Anna Rita Daniela , Giallongo Cesarina , Palumbo Giuseppe Alberto , Tibullo Daniele
Published: April 2022

Insulin-like growth factors binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) is involved in a relevant number of cellular activities and represents an important factor in the immune response, particularly in human dendritic cells (DCs). Over the past several years, significant insights into the IGF-independent effects of IGFBP-6 were discovered, such as the induction of chemotaxis, capacity to increase oxidative burst and neutrophils degranulation, ability to induce metabolic changes in DCs, and, more recently, the regulation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway during fibrosis. IGFBP-6 has been implicated in different human diseases, and it plays a rather controversial role in the biology of tumors. Notably, well established relationships between immunity, stroma activity, and fibrosis are prognostic and predictive of response to cancer immunotherapy. This review aims at describing the current understanding of mechanisms that link IGFBP-6 and fibrosis development and at highlighting the multiple roles of IGFBP-6 to provide an insight into evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that can be relevant for inflammation, tumor immunity, and immunological diseases.
Evacuation in an Underground Space: A Real-Time Investigation of Occupants’ Travel Speed in Clear and Smoked Environments
Authors: Anastasios Kallianiotis , Despina Papakonstantinou , Nikolas Giouzelis , Dimitrios Kaliampakos
Published: April 2022

In order to achieve a comprehensive study regarding evacuation efficiency in underground space, globally accepted regulations and standards include, among other parameters, the maximum unimpeded travel speed of occupants in case of emergency evacuation. Researchers attempt to investigate the variation of travel speed using different approaches. The aim of this paper is to study occupants’ travel speed during evacuation procedures in an underground space. Underground spaces have special requirements as they differentiate from a typical building regarding the absence of physical lighting, the fact that exit route paths are always ascending and the limited orientation awareness of their users. A total of 40 volunteers participated in a large-scale experiment that involved the evacuation of the underground space in real time. Two distinct evacuation drills took place, the first one in a smoke-free environment and the second simulated fire conditions via the presence of dense artificial smoke. During each trial, the required evacuation time as well as the walking speed of each occupant were monitored, with the aid of digital cameras positioned in appropriate spots inside the underground space. The evacuation speed resulted from the experiments is compared to those of international regulations (e.g., NFPA 130) regarding horizontal travelling, as well as travelling on an upward staircase. The effect of the presence of smoke on evacuation speed is discussed. The importance of direct and constant guidance to the occupants of an underground space is highlighted during evacuation in a smoked environment and its contribution to safety improvement. Finally, the effect of the egress route type of an underground space on occupants’ speed is discussed and how this may affect the decision making during the design of an underground infrastructure, in order to achieve a safe environment.
High-altitude Multi-object Detection and Tracking based on Drone Videos
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Peng Limei
Published: April 2022

Drone videos have more extensive shooting ranges, more angles, and no geographical limitations. Thus the object detection algorithm based on drone videos is increasingly playing a role in various fields, such as military surveillance, space remote sensing, smart city, disaster monitoring scenes, etc. Compared to low-altitude object detection and tracking (LA-ODT), high-altitude object detection and tracking (HA-ODT) are receiving increasing attention, especially in modern cities with massive high buildings, because of their higher flying h eight, w ider v iewing a ngle, a nd t he a bility t o t rack multiple f ast-moving o bjects s imultaneously. However, high-altitude aerial videos (HA-AVs) are constrained by small objects that can be measured, fewer feature points, occlusions, and light changes. Therefore, HA-AVs suffer from blurry images with fewer feature points of objects and missed detection due to occlusion, degrading the ODT accuracy. Since the accessible HA datasets are very limited, not to mention featured datasets considering angles, weather, etc., this paper directly uses drones to collect HA pictures and videos of different angles, different illuminations, and different heights for self-labeling training. Regarding this, we adopt super-resolution reconstruction to increase the data diversity and add artificial o cclusions t o e nhance t he c ollected d ata t o improve t he a ccuracy o f HA-ODT.
The Main Objective of Antitumor Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Камышов С.В. , Тилляшайхов Н.М. , Теджпар C.
Published: April 2022

Данная статья представляет собой обзор основных задач в таргетной терапии немелко-клеточного рака легкого, а также последних достижений по этой тематике.

This article is an overview of the main tasks in targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer, as well as the latest achievements in this field.
Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Nosocomial Bacterial Strains
Authors: Манкевич Р.Н. , Дмитрущенкова А.О. , Лазарев А.В. , Клюйко Н.Л.
Published: April 2022

В статье представлены результаты исследования спектра чувствительности внутрибольничных штаммов бактерий (Acinetobacter baumannii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Klebsiella pneumonia и Stenotrophomonas maltophilia), выделенных у детей отделения анестезиологии и реанимации за 5 лет, к антибиотикам. Определен высокий уровень устойчивости данных микроорганизмов к основным группам современных антибиотиков, включая карбапенемы и колистин.

This article presents the results of the study about the sensitivitys spectrum of the nosocomial bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumannii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Klebsiella pneumonia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia), isolated from the children of Intensive care and Resustitation Department, to antibiotics for 5 years. A high resistance level of these microorganisms was determined to the main groups of modern antibiotics, including carbapenems and colistin.
Measures to Identify, Diagnose and Treat Patients with Respiratory Tuberculosis in Inpatient Conditions during the Epidemic of Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Будрицкий А.М. , Левянкова А.Л.
Published: April 2022

Появление SARS-CoV-2 поставило перед специалистами здравоохранения задачи, связанные с быстрой диагностикой и оказанием медицинской помощи пациентам, а также необходимостью интенсивно изучать клинические и эпидемиологические особенности заболевания, разрабатывать новые средства его профилактики и лечения. Пациенты с туберкулезом считаются одной из самых уязвимых групп населения. У таких людей поражены легкие и ослаблен иммунитет, что делает данную категорию населения более тяжелыми пациентами, у них чаще возникают осложнения, приводящие к летальному исходу.Данные рекомендации основываются на материалах по диагностике, профилактике и лечению COVID-19 и туберкулеза органов дыхания, опубликованных специалистами ВОЗ, китайского, американского и европейского центров по контролю за заболеваемостью, на анализе отечественных и зарубежных научных публикаций, нормативно-правовых документах Правительства Республики Беларусь и Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь.

The advent of SARS-CoV-2 has given health professionals the tasks related to rapid diagnosis and provision of medical services to patients, as well as the need to intensively study the clinical and epidemiological features of the disease, to develop new means of its prevention and treatment. Tuberculosis (TB) patients are considered one of the most vulnerable groups in the population. In such people, the lungs are affected and immunity is weakened, which makes this category of the population more severe, they more often have complications leading to death.These recommendations are based on materials on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and respiratory tuberculosis (RT), published by specialists from WHO, the Chinese, American and European prices for disease control, analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications, regulatory documents of the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus.
Clinical Case of Severe Tick-Borne Encephalitis in a Child
Authors: Реут С.У. , Оскирко А.Н. , Романова О.Н. , Ключарева А.А. , Койро О.С. , Дюбченко Н.А.
Published: April 2022

В статье представлен клинический случай тяжелого клещевого энцефалита у ребенка 10 лет, протекавшего в форме менингоэнцефаломиелорадикулоневропатии. Продемонстрированы сложности постановки диагноза и дифференциальной диагностики. Сделаны выводы о необходимости усиления настороженности в отношении клещевого энцефалита у детей.

The article presents a clinical case of severe tick-borne encephalitis in 10 years old child, occurring in the form of meningoencephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy. The difficulties of a diagnosis and differential diagnosis have been demonstrated. Conclusions were made about the need to increase caution regarding tick-borne encephalitis in children.
Selected Aspects of Outpatient Care for Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Артишевский С.Н.
Published: April 2022

В работе рассмотрены основные характеристики инфекции COVID-19, определяющие дальнейший характер течения заболевания и прогноз. Дается общее представление о структуре иммунной системы и особенностях иммунного ответа при COVID-19, а также характере и возможных причинах иммунологического поражения организма за счет неконтролируемого воспаления с высокими уровнями С-реактивного белка и интерлейкина-6. Рассмотрена роль интерферонов в формировании иммунного ответа и распространенности инфекционного повреждения при COVID-19. Автор подробно останавливается на классификации интерферонов и их биологической роли в организме человека на разных этапах инфекционного повреждения. Проведен анализ проспективных рандомизированных научных исследований использования препаратов на основе интерферонов, а также их эффективности в зависимости от времени начала заболевания, типа интерферона и способа введения препарата в организм пациента с COVID-19. Кроме того, представлен свой опыт использования интерферонов в лечении COVID-19 на амбулаторно-поликлиническом этапе оказания медицинской помощи с выводами о необходимости раннего назначения интерферонов для профилактики тяжелого течения заболевания, а также применения ингаляционных форм интерферонов в стационарах для ускорения клиренса вируса и снижения системного воспалительного процесса.

The paper considers the main characteristics of the COVID-19 infection, which determine the further nature of the course of the disease and the prognosis. A general idea is given about the structure of the immune system and the features of the immune response in COVID-19, as well as the nature and possible causes of immunological damage to the body due to uncontrolled inflammation with high levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. The role of interferons in the formation of the immune response and the prevalence of infectious damage in COVID-19 is considered. The author dwells in detail on the classification of interferons and their biological role in the human body at different stages of infectious damage. An analysis was made of prospective randomized scientific studies of the use of interferon-based drugs, as well as their effectiveness depending on the time of onset of the disease, the titer of interferon, and the route of administration of the drug into the body of a patient with COVID-19. In addition, our experience of using interferons in the treatment of COVID-19 at the outpatient stage of medical care is presented with conclusions about the need for early prescribing of interferons to prevent a severe course of the disease. As well as the use of inhaled forms of interferons in hospitals to accelerate the clearance of the virus and reduce the systemic inflammatory process.
Pediatric Skull Base Fractures. Part 2: Conservative Treatment
Authors: Миронец Е.В. , Талабаев М.В.
Published: April 2022

В статье приводится обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященный современным подходам к консервативному лечению переломов основания черепа (ПОЧ) и их осложнений. Подняты вопросы ведения пациентов с посттравматической ликвореей, сроки наблюдения за ними, дана оценка факторам риска развития менингита. Уделяется внимание показаниям к назначению, необходимости профилактического приема и длительности лечения антибактериальными препаратами при ПОЧ. Представлены литературные данные использования диуретиков у пациентов с ПОЧ и ликвореей. Уточняются показания для постановки люмбального дренажа в комплексе консервативного лечения. Изложены основные принципы и особенности консервативного лечения ПОЧ с акцентом на пациентов детского возраста.

There is the foreign and native literature review in the article. It describes the modern methods in conservative treatment of the skull base fractures and their complications. It is paid a lot of attention of necessity to do treatment by diuretics, antibacterial drugs the patients with the skull base fractures. It is clarified dates for installing of lumbar drainage as a step of conservative treatment. It is set out the main principles of conservative treatment with the stress for patients of childhood.
A Novel Hybrid Binary Farmland Fertility Algorithm with Naïve Bayes for Diagnosis of Heart Disease
Authors: Radpour Vafa , Soleımanıan Gharehchopogh Farhad
Published: April 2022

One of the essential aims of intelligent algorithms concerning the diagnosis of heart disease is to achieve accurate results and discover valuable patterns. This paper proposes a new hybrid model based on Binary Farmland Fertility Algorithm (BFFA) and Naïve Bayes (NB) to diagnose heart disease. The BFFA is used for Feature Selection (FS) and the NB for data classification. FS can be employed to discover the most beneficial features. Four valid and universal UCI datasets (Heart, Cleveland, Hungary and Switzerland) were used to diagnose heart disease. Each dataset included 13 main features. The evaluation of the proposed model is simulated in MATLAB 2017b. The number of features in four datasets of Heart, Cleveland, Hungary and Switzerland is equal to 13, which was reduced to six for each dataset through the BFFA to better the efficiency of the proposed model. For evaluation, the accuracy criterion, the criterion of accuracy in the proposed model for all features in the four datasets Heart, Cleveland, Hungary and Switzerland, is equal to 82.25%, 86.91%, and 89.32% 89.24%, respectively. Results of the proposed model showed appropriateness in comparison to some other methods. In this paper, the proposed model was compared with other methods, and it was found out that the proposed model possessed a better accuracy percentage.
State-Of-The-Art On Reversible Multiplier Architectures and Its Comparison for Future Quantum Computing
Authors: K N Hemalatha , B G Sangeetha
Published: April 2022

Multiplication is the key crucial operation in realizing digital signal processing (DSP) functions. It is accomplished by using diverse multiplier architectures. Multiplication operation is furthermost basic and normally used action in the central processing unit (CPU). The multiplication operation is the most fundamental and commonly performed activity in the central processing unit (CPU). An efficient multiplier design should have a high speed, small area, and a low power consumption. Compact, efficient multipliers with minimal power dissipation are needed. The proposed paper provides a thorough inspection of multipliers such as the Array multiplier, Booth multiplier, column bypass multiplier, Baugh-Wooley multiplier, and Vedic multiplier based on their operational activities and working, as well as their benefits and limits. A comparison of these multipliers' performance parameters such as speed, area, power consumption, quantum cost, garbage generation and circuit complexity.
Urban growth and the impact on the agricultural sector in the community of Nextipac, municipality of Zapopan, Jalisco
Authors: LANDÍN-ALCÁNTAR Herlinda , VÁZQUEZ-MIRAMONTES Nicolás , MARÍN-OROZCO Emmanuel Rodrigo , SANDOVAL-ORTEGA María Dolores
Published: April 2022

The Nextipac ejido, located in the municipality of Zapopan, Jalisco, has been a supplier of agricultural food, mainly corn. However, the urban growth of Guadalajara is beginning to affect the agricultural production systems of the ejido and employment in the primary sector, changing the activities to other non-agricultural activities such as land use changes, housing, recreation and industrial activities, reducing employment in the sector.
Nutritional Status and Malnutrition Assessment of Patients Followed in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: ARI Hatice Feray , AĞIN Hasan , CEYLAN Gokhan , ATAKUL Gülhan , SARAÇ SANDAL Özlem , SARI Ferhat , İŞGÜDER Rana , ÇOLAK Mustafa
Published: April 2022

Background: Malnutrition, which occurs at the time of hospitalization or develops during follow-up, has a negative effect on patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). In our study, we aimed to determine the malnutrition status at the time of hospitalization, the relationship of malnutrition status at hospitalization with mortality scores, as well as the changes in malnutrition status during hospitalization in PICU.
Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 1 month and 18 years, who were hospitalized and followed up in PICU of our hospital for at least 7 days between January and June 2016, were included in our study. Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score (PNRS) scores were compared with Gomez and Waterlow scores when patients were discharged from the PICU.
Results: Our study has included total 102 patients, weight loss was detected in 33 (32.3%) of the patients compared to hospitalization, while weight gain was detected in 44 (43.1%) patients. We detected newly developed malnutrition both at the time of admission and during the PICU follow-up. Patients with malnutrition at the time of discharge had a high PNRS score at admission.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the malnutrition status and risk situations of patients should be determined and patient-specific nutritional strategies applied from the beginning of treatment in PICU.
Morphometric Evaluation of Rarely Seen Supratrochlear Foramen and Supracondylar Process in the Humerus in Turkish Population
Authors: AKIN SAYGIN Duygu , TÜRKOĞLU Fatma Nur , TOKPINAR Adem , UÇAR Sümeyye , YİLMAZ Seher , AYDİN Anil , ALPA Serife
Published: April 2022

Abstract Background: Sometimes seen distal to humerus foramen supratrochleare and supracondylar process are rare variations. Supracondylar process is a variations observed on the distal side of humerus. The supracondylar process is a variant located 1/3 distal side of the humerus. The supratrochlear foramen may appear between the coronoid fossa and olecra-non fossa. Since the foramen may appear in a semi-transparent form, it may be misdiagnosed as an osteolytic lesion. The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence and morphology of supratrochlear foramen and the supracondylar process of the humerus inTurkish population . Furthermore, we believe considering these variations by looking at this variation in the previously taken radiological images of the people, help identification of that person in any forensic case.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 460 humerus samples (237 right; 223 left) with unclear age and gender in the Anatomy Laboratories of Necmettin Erbakan Meram, KTO Karatay, Yozgat Bozok, Kayseri Erciyes Faculties of Medicine. Morphometric measurements of such formations on the humerus were performed through a digital calliper and osteometric board. Furthermore, along with supratrochlear typing, the prevalence in the process and humerus was also detected.Results: In the present study, the supracondylar process was detected in 11 (2.4%) individuals (4 right; 7 left); however, it was not detected in 449 (97.6%) humerus samples. The supratrochlear foramen was detected in 63 (13.7%) of 460 humeri. The foramen supratrochlear was seen in 10.8% of the humerus on the right side in 16.5% (29) and in 16.5% of the left humerus. The prevalence of both process and foramen on the humerus was 0.7% (3). The average lengths of right supracondylar process and left supracondylar process were 9.47±1.94 mm and 16.24±14.06 mm, respectively. The verti-cal diameter was 3.45±1.07 mm on the right supratrochlear foramen, and 3.57±1.17 mm on the left supratrochlear foramen; mean transverse diameter of the right foramen was 4.73±2.81 mm, and mean transverse diameter was detect-ed 4.41± 2.49 mm on the left. Conclusions: The prevalence of supratrochlear foramen and the supracondylar process was higher on the left side; howev-er, both are detected on the right side. We believe that the data obtained would be helpful for an orthopaedic surgeon during intramedullary nailing, and for differential diagnosis of some osteolytic lessons for a radiologist. In addition, these variations can be an important indicator in the differentiation of different races.Key Words: Humerus, Supracondylar process, Supratrochlear foramen, Morphometry, Variation
Retrospective Review of Forensic Cases Referred to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic
Authors: KILIÇASLAN Fethiye
Published: April 2022

Background: The aim of this study is to explore the cause of forensic report orders, socio-demographic characteristics and comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents passed to court for any reason and referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinical by judicial authority in Şanlıurfa province.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed files of 64 cases which referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic for forensic psychiatric assessment between December, 2018 and December, 2020. The socio-demographic characteristics, the event underlying referral, coverage of question asked by judicial authority, smoking or alcohol and substance abuse, intelligence level, comorbid mental disorders and socio-demographic characteristic of parents were reviewed in children referred by judicial authorities. We used the Chi-square test to compare socio-demographic characteristics and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and The Mann Whitney U test to compare numerical variables.
Results: It was found that 46.9% of the children were referred due to juvenile delinquents while 12.5% due to being subjected to abuse and 25.0% due to early marriage. Of the juvenile delinquents, 90% were boys with median age of 15 years while 62.5% of victims were girls with median age of 13.5 years. The findings show that 63.3% of juvenile delinquents and 62.5% of victims were not attending to school. The incidence of psychiatric diagnosis was 53.3% among juvenile delinquents while it was 50% among victims. All of the children presented with request of early marriage were girls with median age of 16 years. The results show that 43.8% of cases were pregnant at presentation and 93.8% did not receive education appropriate for their age.
Conclusions: It was found that more than one-half of juvenile delinquents and victims were not attending school in that study. In addition, it was found that male gender preponderance was observed among juvenile delinquents. There is a need for further studies to determine groups of under risk.
Çocukluk Çağı Pilonidal Sinüs Hastalığı ve Cerrahi Tedavisi
Authors: KOCAMAN Osman Hakan , GÜNENDİ Tansel
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Pilonidal sinüs hastalığı (PSH), çoğunlukla gençleri ve genç erişkinleri etkileyen, erkek cinsiyette daha yüksek insidans ile görülen inflamatuar bir hastalıktır. PSH tedavisi için birçok konservatif ve cerrahi yöntem tanımlanmıştır ancak halen ideal tedavi olarak kabul edilen bir yöntem yoktur ve en önemlisi hiçbir tedavi yöntemi hastalığın tekrarlama riskini ortadan kaldıramamaktadır
Materyal ve metod: Haziran 2016 ile kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde PSH nedeniyle ameliyat edilen 49 hastanın dosyası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar Karydakis flep (KF) yöntemi ve eksizyon+primer kapatma (EPK) yöntemiyle ameliyat edilen hastalar olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrıldı.
Bulgular: KF grubu normal hayata ortalama 7.52 günde dönerken EPK grubu 11.53 günde dönebildi. KF grubunda hastaların 2 (%8.7)sinde komplikasyon gelişirken, EPK grubunda 5 (%19.2) hastada komplikasyon gelişti, istatistiki olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı.
Sonuç: PSH tedavisinde hem KF yöntemi hem de EPK yöntemi kabul edilebilir ve güvenlidir, ancak bizim çalışmamızda KF yönteminin daha etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Evaluasi Dan Proyeksi Kebutuhan Pengembangan Terminal Penumpang Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Kota Palembang, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2022-2037
Authors: Agung Wijaya Gufron , Sandyavitri Ari , Djuniati Sri
Published: April 2022

Sultan Mahmud badaruddin II International Airport is located in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province. The development of air freight movements at the airport indicates that passenger terminal facilities that have an existing area of 34,000 m2 with a capacity of 3.4 million per year can no longer accommodate the existing passenger volume. This can be seen from the increase in the total number of passengers each year which exceeds capacity to reach 5.1 million passengers in 2018. The study aims to evaluate and analyze projected passenger terminal needs plans for 2022-2037. The development plan is carried out by forming a double linear regression equation between passenger volumes used asdepent variableswhile population numbers (Pdd) and Percapita PDRB on the Basis of Constant Price in 2010 (Pkt) of South Sumatra Province asindependent variables ) with the help of SPSS program version 25.00 and Microsoft Excel. Thus, the number of residents (Pdd) has a greater effect on the growth of domestic passengers. Based on KM Number 10 of 2010 on the Master Plan of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport, there needs to be a development of this airport in the future. Based on the results of the development plan of this terminal passenger area in the 2037 plan year of 55. 324m2 with a capacity of 8,871,648 passengers per year and can accommodate 3,177 passengers during peak hours.
Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to Evaluate Resource Environmental Bear Capacity
Authors: Shen Xijuan , Jeang Bang-Wen , Wu Xu , Lu Yongyi , Ling Chen , Lee Yee-Chaur , Chang Kun-Chi
Published: April 2022

Environmental resource is the foundation of the development of the economy in a society. As the contradiction between the economy and the resource is becoming more prominent, the bearing capacity of the environmental resource has received great attention from all sectors of society including the government. In the context of the "double evaluation" proposed by the national land spatial planning, many scholars have been studying the theory and methods of the bearing capacity of the environmental resource. In this study, we suggested the evaluation index, calculating the comprehensive weight at the structure level and the index level to yield the standardized result for the bearing capacity of the environmental resource using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.
Coupling Relationship of Urban Ecological Environment in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Wang Chengxiang , Liu Chuanming , He Pinrong
Published: April 2022

As the contradiction between urbanization and the ecological environment becomes more prominent, a coupling degree model based on coupling theory needs to be established to calculate their comprehensive levels. The coupling degree of the 13 cities in Jiangsu reveals the spatial pattern to propose countermeasures and suggestions. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization presents a stepped municipal spatial pattern of “the southern is higher than the central region and the central region is higher than the northern”. The spatial pattern of the urban ecological environment is observed in two extreme cities, while the other cities are not significantly different. The degree of coupling and coordination between them has reached a high level of coupling, showing a spatial pattern of “stepped down to the north to the north”. Finally, we propose targeted development strategies for different levels of regions.
Ku solidarnemu życiu. Latynoamerykański ruch zmiany społecznej ufundowany na idei solidarnej ekonomii
Authors: Jagłowski Mieczysław
Published: April 2022

Wobec rozpoczętej w latach 80. ubiegłego stulecia globalizacji neoliberalnych zasad ekonomicznych zaczęto formułować i wprowadzać w życie projekty ekonomiczne, takie m.in., jak ekonomia społeczna, ekonomia dobra wspólnego, ekonomia z ludzką twarzą czy ekonomia solidarna, które miały łagodzić negatywne społeczne skutki gospodarki neoliberalnej. W krajach Ameryki Łacińskiej z nadzwyczaj przychylnym przyjęciem spotkały się zwłaszcza koncepcje ekonomii solidarnej, gdzie w pierwszej dekadzie obecnego stulecia z upowszechnieniem jej zasad zaczęto wiązać nadzieje na ustanowienie alternatywnej wobec wygenerowanej przez neoliberalizm rzeczywistości społecznej, politycznej, aksjologicznej i antropologicznej. W wyniku trudności (behawioralnych, instytucjonalnych, politycznych), z jakimi spotyka się funkcjonowanie solidarnych podmiotów gospodarczych, nadzieje te zdają się być dzisiaj zawiedzione, widoczność ekonomii solidarnej w przestrzeni społecznej jest nikła, a sam ruch wydaje się ulegać wygaszeniu lub co najmniej podlegać stagnacji. Artykuł ma na celu wskazanie czynników, które wpłynęły na ukształtowanie się specyficznej mentalności, na której gruncie owe projekty były i są formułowane, przedstawienie zarysu tych idei, wyeksponowanie ich aksjologicznych i antropologicznych założeń, wskazanie trudności, z jakimi się spotyka ich urzeczywistnianie oraz poddanie ocenie obecnego stanu ich realizacji.
A 46.7% efficient GaInP photonic power converter under high-power 638 nm laser uniform irradiation of 1.5 W cm−2
Authors: Kurooka Kazuki , Honda Takahiro , Komazawa Yuto , Warigaya Ryota , Uchida Shiro
Published: April 2022

Photonic power converters for optical wireless power transmission have challenged improving photoelectric conversion efficiency under high-power laser irradiation. We developed the efficiency under high-power irradiation by making the laser intensity distribution uniform and narrowing the distance L (μm) between the comb-shaped electrodes on the converter cell surface. As a result, the GaInP converter cell with L = 234 μm showed the highest conversion efficiency of 46.7% under uniform 638 nm laser irradiation of 1.5 W cm−2. The exceeding 45.5% efficiencies under 1.0–6.2 W cm−2 uniform 635 nm laser irradiation were also obtained in the GaInP converter cell with L = 106 μm.
Thermoeconomic analysis of a geothermal and solar assisted combined organic Rankine and absorption cycle
Authors: SEN Ozan , YILMAZ Ceyhun
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a geothermal and solar-assisted combined system is designed for the electricity and cooling of residences. The geothermal water from the geothermal resource and the heat transfer fluid heated in the parabolic trough collector is used as the heat source in the absorption cooling system. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) generates power with geothermal water and heat transfer fluid from the absorption cooling cycle. The produced power is supported to the grid. Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and Aspen Plus program are used for thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of the combined system. In these analyzes, the geothermal and solar energy values of Afyonkarahisar city are considered. Geothermal water at a temperature of 130 ºC and a mass flow rate of 85 kg/s and a solar source at 600 W/m2 radiation is used for the combined system. Parametric studies are performed to demonstrate the way unit electricity and cooling costs change according to the geothermal water temperature and solar radiation. The cooling capacity and the net power output of the system are 2720 kW and 2235 kW, respectively. The unit costs of cooling and electricity in the combined system are calculated 0.017 $/kWh and 0.074 $/kWh, respectively.