bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep Profiles of Elite Swimmers During Different Training Phases
Authors: Walsh Joshua A. , Sanders Dajo , Hamilton David Lee , Walshe Ian
Published: October 2018

Walsh, JA, Sanders, D, Hamilton, DL, and Walshe, I. Sleep profiles of elite swimmers during different training phases. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 811–818, 2019—This study aims to describe the sleeping patterns during different training phases in competitive swimmers. Twelve national- and international-level swimmers (3 females and 9 males) were monitored during 4 different phases, consisting of a preparation training phase, a taper phase, a competition phase, and a rest phase. Sleep parameters were assessed using wrist activity monitors and self-reported sleep diaries. There was a moderately higher (d = 0.70–1.00) sleep onset latency during the competition phase compared with taper, train, and rest phases. Trivial to small differences were observed for total sleep time between phases (d = 0.05–0.40). Sleep efficiency was moderately higher (d = 0.60–0.75) in the training and taper phases compared with competition and rest. Restfulness and fragmentation index (FI) were lowest in the rest with differences between phases being small (d = 0.43–0.51) for restfulness and small to moderate (d = 0.43–0.62) for FI. Time in and out of bed was very largely later (d = 1.96–2.34) in rest compared with the other phases. Total nap time was moderately lower in rest (d = 1.13–1.18) compared with the training and competition phases, whereas there was a small difference (d = 0.46) compared with taper. To conclude, while there were trivial to small differences in sleep quantity between phases, there are small to moderate differences in other sleep parameters. Specifically, sleep onset latency was higher during the competition phase. In addition, this study highlights the substantial between-individual variations in sleep responses during different training phases.
Individualizing Acceleration in English Premier League Academy Soccer Players
Authors: Abbott Will , Brickley Gary , Smeeton Nicholas J. , Mills Stuart
Published: October 2018

Abbott, W, Brickley, G, Smeeton, NJ, and Mills, S. Individualizing acceleration in English Premier League academy soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3512–3519, 2018—Global thresholds are typically used to band acceleration dependent on intensity. However, global thresholds do not account for variation in individual capacities, failing to quantify true intensity of acceleration. Previous research has investigated discrepancies in high-speed distance produced using global and individual speed thresholds, not yet investigated for acceleration. The current aim was to investigate discrepancies between global and individual thresholds when quantifying acceleration tasks. Acceleration data were recorded for 31 professional soccer players, using 10-Hz global positioning systems devices. Distances traveled performing low-, moderate-, and high-intensity acceleration were calculated for athletes using global and individual thresholds. Global acceleration thresholds for low-, moderate-, and high-intensity acceleration were classified as 1–2, 2–3, and >3 m·s−2, respectively, with individual thresholds classified as 25–50%, 50–75%, and >75% of maximum acceleration, respectively. Athletes were grouped low (LO), medium (ME), or high (HI) maximum accelerative capacity, determined using 3 maximal 40-m linear sprints. Two-way mixed-design analyses of variance were used to analyze differences in acceleration distances produced between analysis methods and athlete groups. No significant differences were identified between analysis methods for LO. For ME, no significant differences were demonstrated for low intensity. Moderate- and high-intensity acceleration distances were significantly higher for global compared with individual analysis method (p < 0.01). For HI, significantly higher acceleration distances were produced for all acceleration intensities using global thresholds (p < 0.01). Significant differences identified between analysis methods suggest practitioners must apply caution when using global thresholds. Global thresholds do not account for individual capacities and may provide an inaccurate representation of relative intensity of acceleration tasks.
Automated Strain Measurements in Uniaxial Testing via Computer Vision
Authors: Dipova Nihat
Published: October 2018

In standard unconfined strength testing, only the axial strain is measured directly, and the radial strain is calculated based on the assumption of uniform deformation. Alternatively, there are other assumptions, such as parabola and conical frustum. In fact, soft clays lose cylinder geometry and deform in an irregular geometry. This study aims to determine strains directly through computer vision using a specially developed setup and a computer code. An image acquisition module was integrated to a traditional unconfined compression test device. The time lapse images of the soil sample, which were placed between the backlight and the camera, were digitally acquired. Dimensions of the traced sample are measured so that axial and radial strains are calculated in real-time. The experimental program was carried out on 15 different cylindrical cohesive soil samples prepared in different moisture contents. Stress-strain curves were drawn according to the standard method, parabola assumption, conical frustum assumption, and a newly developed technique. The results were evaluated and compared. Standard method and parabola assumption calculations overestimate the stress, whereas the conical frustum approach gave close results with computer vision method.
Storage Duration Effects on Soft Clay Samples
Authors: Amundsen Helene Alexandra , Thakur Vikas
Published: October 2018

The effects of storage duration on the sample quality of 54-mm piston samples were investigated by an extensive laboratory study. A soft clay deposit in Central Norway was used as a research site—the Tiller site. The soft clay deposit consists of two types of leached marine clay, a low-sensitivity and high-sensitivity soft clay. In total, 21 boreholes were drilled, and four samples were retrieved from each borehole between 5 m and 11 m in depth, two samples from each layer. Immediately after the sampling, the thin-walled stainless steel sampling tubes were sealed airtight and stored at the temperature of 4°C, slightly lower than the ground temperature. The storage duration varied between 0 days to 603 days, and the laboratory testing was conducted periodically, using the same equipment and test procedures. Results indicate a reduction of undrained shear strength, preconsolidation pressure, and constrained modulus with increasing storage duration. The reduction in the material properties and sample quality is rapid for the high-sensitivity soft clay, but marginal for the low-sensitivity soft clay samples. The effects of storage duration seem to be caused by physical processes taking place within the sample, as no significant changes were observed in the measurements of the water content, Atterberg limits, remolded shear strength, and pore water chemistry during the storage of the samples. In light of the laboratory results and the existing literature, an attempt has been made to explain the cause of the observed changes of the material properties and sample quality during storage of soft clay samples.
Current concepts and challenges to unravel the role of iodothyronine deiodinases in human neoplasias
Authors: Goemann Iuri Martin , Marczyk Vicente Rodrigues , Romitti Mirian , Wajner Simone Magagnin , Maia Ana Luiza
Published: October 2018

Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the regulation of several metabolic processes and the energy consumption of the organism. Their action is exerted primarily through interaction with nuclear receptors controlling the transcription of thyroid hormone-responsive genes. Proper regulation of TH levels in different tissues is extremely important for the equilibrium between normal cellular proliferation and differentiation. The iodothyronine deiodinases types 1, 2 and 3 are key enzymes that perform activation and inactivation of THs, thus controlling TH homeostasis in a cell-specific manner. As THs seem to exert their effects in all hallmarks of the neoplastic process, dysregulation of deiodinases in the tumoral context can be critical to the neoplastic development. Here, we aim at reviewing the deiodinases expression in different neoplasias and exploit the mechanisms by which they play an essential role in human carcinogenesis. TH modulation by deiodinases and other classical pathways may represent important targets with the potential to oppose the neoplastic process.
Effects of androgen and oestrogen on IGF pathways controlling phallus growth
Authors: Chen Yu , Yu Hongshi , Pask Andrew J , Fujiyama Asao , Suzuki Yutaka , Sugano Sumio , Shaw Geoff , Renfree Marilyn B
Published: October 2018

The development of the mammalian phallus involves hormone-dependent mesenchymal–epithelial signalling mechanisms that contribute to urethral closure and regulation of phallus elongation and growth. In marsupials, most differentiation and growth of the phallus occurs post-natally, making them amenable to direct hormone treatment. Expression of IGFs, FGFs, EFNB2, MAFB, DLX5 and AP-1 mRNAs in the phallus at day 50 post-partum (pp) were altered after treatment of tammar wallaby young from day 20 to 40 pp with androgen, oestrogen or after castration at day 25 pp. However, the most interesting changes occurred in the IGF pathway genes. Androgen treatment upregulated IGF1 in female phalluses and oestrogen treatment upregulated IGF1 in male phalluses, but it was downregulated by castration. IGFBP3 was higher in female phalluses and downregulated by androgen. IGF1 expression was higher in all untreated male than in female phalluses from day 50 to 150 pp, but IGFBP3 had the reverse pattern. At day 90 pp, when urethral closure in males is progressing and male phallus growth is accelerating. IGF1 and PCNA protein were only detected in the male urorectal septum, suggesting for the first time that closure and elongation may involve IGF1 activation of cell proliferation specifically in male phalluses. These effects of sex steroids on gene expression and on the IGF1 signalling pathway in particular, suggest that the developing phallus may be especially susceptible to perturbation by exogenous hormones.
La domesticación de la Política Exterior de Venezuela (2013-2017)
Authors: Barreto Luis Maximiliano , Álvarez Acosta Sergio Efraín
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la Política Exterior de Venezuela desde el inicio de la presidencia de Nicolás Maduro hasta la actualidad (2013-2017). Debido al acotado período temporal en consideración y su proximidad con el presente, el trabajo está guiado por una hipótesis preliminar que sostiene que la política exterior venezolana sufrió un proceso de “domesticación”, esto es, una excesiva absorción de la crisis interna en el comportamiento externo del Estado. Al repasar los principales hechos de las relaciones entre Venezuela y sus interlocutores, las acciones se observan continuamente permeadas por la conflictividad doméstica. Esquemáticamente, se pasará revista de los lineamientos previstos para la política exterior en el programa de gobierno y, luego, se abordarán las vinculaciones con los principales actores. A la par de evaluar la validez de la hipótesis preliminar, repasar la propuesta de política exterior permitirá valorar si el accionar externo venezolano se ha mantenido cerca o lejos de dicha propuesta.
Protective antioxidant effect of melanin against chemical burn-induced esophageal injury
Authors: Chornenka Natalia , Raetska Yana , Grebinyk Dmitro , Dranitsina Alevtina , Savchuk Olexiy , Beregova Tetiana , Ostapchenko Ludmila
Published: October 2018

Background: Oxidative stress is the main cause of mortality in chemical burn-induced esophageal injury. Melanin, a natural antioxidant compound from yeast-like fungus Nadsoniella nigra strain X- 1, has been shown to decrease the content of lipid peroxidation products after burn. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of melanin in the treatment of esophageal injury after a chemical burn.

Methods: A alkali burn model was used to induce injury to the esophagus in immature rats. Changes in the levels of malondialdehyde, secondary products of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), superoxidase dismutase, and catalase in the blood, as well as changes in the esophagus tissue, were examined.

Results: Melanin decreased the content of lipid peroxidation products following burn injury. Melanin increased the activity of superoxidase dismutase and reduced the activity of catalase, as well as reduced esophagus oxidative injury in our chemical burn model.

Conclusion: Melanin treatment may protect against chemical burninduced esophageal injury, possibly by inhibiting burn-induced oxidative stress.
Theodor W. Adorno e a dialética material da moral
Authors: Garcia Alves Júnior Douglas
Published: October 2018

Adorno pensou a filosofia moral em diversos momentos de sua carreira filosófica, notadamente em Minima Moralia (1951), Dialética Negativa (1966) e em seu curso publicado postumamente Probleme der Moralphilosophie (1996). Uma avaliação conjunta desses textos permite indicar a centralidade do que Adorno chamou de “dialética da moral” – entre impulso somático e racionalidade – na constituição da experiência do prático. Além disso, as reflexões sobre a moral são um momento privilegiado das análises metafilosóficas de Adorno, que identificam em boa parte da tradição filosófica ocidental sobre a moral a presença da dominação da natureza interna – processo que caberia à dialética materialista da moral criticar e ajudar a transformar.
Adorno e os estertores da derradeira chance do pensamento
Authors: Dos Santos Marcelo Leandro
Published: October 2018

Este artigo discute o sentido pretendido por Adorno com a expressão “derradeira chance do pensamento”. Para tal, busca-se uma aproximação entre alguns elementos presentes nas seções 1 e 41 de Minima moralia, em especial: o intelectual independente e o filósofo-escritor como porta-vozes da crítica à falta de originalidade na produção filosófica.
Skoteinos ou como se ler: Adorno leitor de Hegel
Authors: Caires Correia Fábio , Perius Oneide
Published: October 2018

Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é tentar esclarecer o mal-estar causado por algumas leituras que muitas vezes despacham a influência e a presença constante de Hegel na obra de Adorno de forma muito breve e fácil, seja a partir da perspectiva antissistêmica da filosofia adorniana, ou então, desde a perspectiva negativa que a dialética assume em seu pensamento. Nesse sentido, pretendemos expor alguns pontos fundamentais da filosofia hegeliana, em relação aos quais Adorno se coloca claramente como herdeiro. Pretendemos mostrar que o filósofo de Frankfurt pensa não somente sobre estes pontos, mas também a partir deles, i.e., superando-os.
Theodor Adorno and the Freudian Revisionism
Authors: Freitas Verlaine
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the text is to present an interpretation of Theodor Adorno’s critical reading of authors considered revisionists of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, particularly Karen Horney. We discuss critically Adorno’s favorable positioning to the Freudian conception of the individual psychic nucleus in contrast to the hasty sociologization of psychoanalysis practiced by the revisionism of Karen Horney. In the final part we try to show how the Adornian perspective ends up by making, in his own way, the same mistake of a hasty sociologization of psychoanalysis he imputed to the revisionists and advocates an theoretical emphasis on the sociological realm that seems also problematic.
Vizuális ingerek figyelemelterelő hatásának vizsgálata vezetést szimuláló feladat során
Authors: Horváth Mária Dóra , Szegedi Hallgató Emese , Csábi Eszter
Published: October 2018

Háttér és célok: A közutak mentén észlelhető reklámok célja a potenciális vásárlók figyelmének felkeltése. Előfordulhat azonban, hogy ezek a reklámok túlzott mértékben elterelik a vezetők figyelmét, ezért jelen kutatásban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy különböző vizuális elterelő ingerek hogyan hatnak a figyelmi teljesítményre egy vezetési szimulációs feladatban.

Módszer: 68 vizsgálati személy vett részt a kutatásban, átlagéletkoruk 21,88 év (SD = 2,38). Touluse–Piéron- féle Figyelem Teszttel mértük a figyelmi teljesítményt, a Fordított Számterjedelem Teszttel pedig a komplex munkamemória teljesítményt. A vezetést szimuláló számítógépes feladatban a vizsgálatban részt vevő személyeknek közúti jelzőtáblákra kellett reagálniuk. A közúti jelzőtáblák mellett az esetek felében megjelentek vizuális elterelő ingerek is, ezeket az ingereket hat kategóriába soroltuk. A különböző elterelő ingerek megjelenésének hatását a személyek célingerre adott válaszainak reakcióidejéből számítottuk ki.

Eredmények: Egy elterelő ingertípus kivételével (élőlények: növények és állatok) mindegyiknek volt reakcióidő-lassító hatása, azonban az ingertípusok nem befolyásolták eltérő mértékben a résztvevők figyelmét.

Következtetés: Eredményeink hozzájárulhatnak annak megértéséhez, hogy milyen tényezők és hogyan játszanak szerepet a vizuális figyelem elterelésében vezetés közben, biztonságosabbá téve ezzel a közúti közlekedést.
Politikamentes félelemkeltő társadalmi célú reklámok hatásának vizsgálata
Authors: Nagy Luca , Balázs Katalin
Published: October 2018

A vizsgálat célja, a különböző társadalmi problémákat megjelenítő, valamint eltérő mértékben félelemkeltő társadalmi célú reklámok (TCR-ek) megítélésének tanulmányozása volt. Elméleti keretének bázisát Kim Witte (1992) Kiterjesztett Párhuzamos Feldolgozási Modellje (EPPM) adja. A modellt korábban egészségügyi problémákhoz kapcsolódó viselkedés vizsgálatára hozták létre, így jelen megközelítés újszerűségét adja, hogy nemcsak az egészségmagatartással összefüggő meggyőző kommunikációra alkalmazzuk.

Két összetett, online formában kivitelezett kérdőíves vizsgálat eredményét összegezzük. A fiatal felnőtt korosztályból származó válaszadók (N = 140 és N = 158) az egyes reklámingerek megtekintésével párhuzamosan választ adtak az EPPM alapján készült Kockázatvállaló Viselkedés Diagnózis Skála (RBD Scale, Witte, McKeon, Cameron és Berkowitz, 1995) itemeire, melyek az énhatékonyságot, a válaszhatékonyságot, az észlelt fogékonyságot és az észlelt komolyságot vizsgálják.

Az eredmények arra engednek következtetni, hogy az egyének üzenetekben foglalt nehézségek megoldására vonatkozó észlelt énhatékonysága és fogékonysága kulcsfontosságú tényező a válaszviselkedés meghatározásában. Az adatok alapján úgy tűnik, hogy a személyek megjelenített problémákra és a meggyőző üzenetekre irányuló attitűdjeit a TCR-ekben feldolgozott társadalmi problémák énközelisége, megoldási lehetőségük közvetett vagy közvetlen volta, jelentősen befolyásolhatja.
Az emocionális tartalmú társadalmi célú reklámvideók hatásmechanizmusának vizsgálata: Félelem és humor
Authors: Gerhát Réka , Balázs Katalin
Published: October 2018

Jelen tanulmány célja a különböző emocionális tartalmú, társadalmi célú reklámok (TCR) hatékonyságának empirikus vizsgálata reklámvideók esetén. Társadalmi célú minden olyan marketingtevékenység, mely az egyének egészségét vagy a társadalmi jót célzó tudatosságot, pozitív attitűdöt, viselkedéses szándékot és viselkedést kíván kialakítani vagy fenntartani. A marketing egyik eszköze a reklám, mely számos csatornán nagy tömegeket ér el a meggyőzés érdekében. A komplex kérdőíves vizsgálatban 125 fő vett részt. A rekláminger- kategóriák a következőek voltak: erősen félelemkeltő, gyengén félelemkeltő, humoros és semleges reklámfilmek. A vizsgálat tárgya a kiváltott érzelmek, a releváns attitűdök és a megismerési szükséglet összefüggése a reklámok hatásosságával. A követező változókban mértük az indirekt hatásosságot: a reklám szubjektíven megítélt figyelemfelkeltő ereje, mennyire elgondolkodtató a vizsgálati személyek szerint, továbbá a megosztási szándék, valamint a reklámfelidézés. Az adatok alapján az intenzív emocionális töltetű (félelemkeltő vagy humoros) videófilmeket gyakrabban osztanák meg a befogadók. Az erős negatív érzelmeket kiváltó reklámfilmeket elgondolkodtatóbbnak ítélték; valamint többször idézték fel őket, mint a pozitív emocionális tartalmú vagy a semleges reklámokat. Az involváltság és a megismerési szükséglet szintén befolyásolja a reklámok hatásosságát. Összességében az indirekt hatásosságot tekintve úgy tűnik, hogy a társadalmi problémákat megragadó reklámfilmekben érdemes erős félelemkeltést alkalmazni. Azonban a különböző érdekeket megragadó TCR-ek esetén tartalmat tekintve más hangsúlyok célszerűek.
Az érzelmi feldolgozás vizsgálata a fiatalkori pszichopátiás vonások vonatkozásában: Áttekintő tanulmány
Authors: Szabó Edina , Kökönyei Gyöngyi
Published: October 2018

Az elmúlt években a pszichopátiára jellemző érzelmi deficit kiemelkedő figyelmet kapott. Különösen a pszichopátiás zavar affektív komponense, az ún. rideg-érzéketlen (callous-unemotional, CU) vonások kerültek előtérbe, melyet a pszichopátia gyermekkori előzményeiként is vizsgálnak. Több empirikus kutatás is alátámasztja, hogy a CU vonásokkal jellemezhető antiszociális fiatalok – akárcsak a felnőtt pszichopaták – nehézséget mutatnak az érzelmi ingerek, különösen a negatív, distresszkeltő jelzések felismerésében és feldolgozásában. Jelen áttekintő tanulmány célja, hogy ismertesse, valamint rendszerezze azokat az elméleteket és vizsgálati módszereket, melyek erre a sajátos érzelmi zavarra vonatkoznak. A témában végzett vizsgálatok ugyanis meglehetősen eltérő feladatokkal, illetve mintával dolgoznak, ami megnehezíti az eredmények összehasonlítását. Mindazonáltal úgy tűnik, hogy a fiatalkori CU vonásokra jellemző érzelmi deficit a viselkedésbeli, a pszichofiziológiai, illetve a neurológiai válaszokban is megmutatkozik, ami a kora gyermekkori prevenció és intervenció fontosságára hívja fel a figyelmet, különös tekintettel az érzelmi feldolgozást fejlesztő programokra.
The use of canine mesenchymal stem cells for the autologous treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Srzentić Dražilov Sanja , Mrkovački Janko , Spasovski Vesna , Fazlagić Amira , Pavlović Sonja , Nikčević Gordana
Published: October 2018

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold enormous potential for cell-based therapy in the treatment of various diseases, particularly those which currently cannot be cured and result in poor outcomes or invasive surgery. Here we present results of the application of autologous, culture-expanded, adipose tissue (AT)-derived MSCs for the osteoarthritis (OA) treatment of 10 canine patients. The stemness of isolated cells has been confirmed by their ability to differentiate into osteo- and chondrocytic lineages. The clinical effect of a single injection of ATMSCs into the symptomatic joints was evaluated by a veterinarian for five disabilities characteristic of OA at 30, 60 and 90 days after treatment, which has been designated as the initial evaluation period. Functional outcomes for all analysed characteristics improved significantly at the end of this evaluation compared with the baseline. In addition, for 5 of these 10 patients, an extended follow-up study was performed from 1 to 4 years after the initial evaluation period. We detected long-lasting positive effects on two out of five analysed characteristics. The results demonstrate that the use of autologous AT-MSCs is a successful approach to canine OA therapy.
Preventing ectoparasite infestations reduces glucocorticoid concentrations in the hair of cows – short communication
Authors: Nedić Sreten , Kirovski Danijela , Vujanac Ivan , Prodanović Radiša , Jovanović Ljubomir , Kobal Silvestra , Snoj Tomaž
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to compare hair corticosteroid concentrations in ectoparasiticide-treated (n = 10) and non-treated (n = 12) Holstein cows. Animals in the treated group received cyfluthrin three times, on days 0, 28 and 56 of the experiment. Hair samples were collected from all cows on days 0, 21, 42, 63, and 84 of the experiment for the determination of cortisol and corticosterone concentrations using immunoassays. The respective hair cortisol concentrations in the treated group averaged 209.78, 165.10, 260.78, 177.44 and 183.11 ng/g, while in the non-treated group hair cortisol concentrations averaged 172.58, 243.58, 309.73, 199.75 and 207.09 ng/g. These results indicate that the control of ectoparasites reduced hair cortisol levels in dairy cows. The respective hair corticosterone concentrations in the treated group averaged 19.06, 22.95, 21.95, 21.60 and 24.84 ng/g and in the non-treated group the hair corticosterone concentrations averaged 17.28, 21.94, 34.05, 26.27 and 26.91 ng/g. The results suggest that longterm stress can be estimated better by the determination of hair cortisol rather than corticosterone concentrations.
First outbreak with chimeric swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) on pig farms in Slovakia – lessons to learn
Authors: Mandelik Rene , Sarvas Milan , Jackova Anna , Salamunova Slavomira , Novotny Jaroslav , Vilcek Stefan
Published: October 2018

This report describes the first disease outbreak caused by chimeric swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) on two pig farms in Slovakia in early 2015. The infection was introduced by import of two breeding boars which were placed in provisional quarantine in a unit not strictly separated from other healthy pigs in the same building. Subsequently, loss of appetite and diarrhoea were observed in both boars during the first three days in the isolation unit. The infection gradually spread to the farrowing area and throughout the farm in two weeks and later to another nearby farm. Yellow watery diarrhoea accompanied by dehydration and death was observed in piglets with a mortality ranging from 30 to 35%. In the absence of an available vaccine, the pregnant sows were dosed by mouth with a 10% suspension prepared from the intestine and faeces of infected piglets in warm water. Three weeks after dosing, new litters of piglets were born which remained healthy with no development of diarrhoea.
Cellular localisation of the proteins of region 3 of feline enteric coronavirus
Authors: Mészáros István , Olasz Ferenc , Kádár-Hürkecz Enikő , Bálint Ádám , Hornyák Ákos , Belák Sándor , Zádori Zoltán
Published: October 2018

Feline enteric coronaviruses have three open reading frames (ORFs) in region 3 (3a, 3b, and 3c). All three ORFs were expressed with C-terminal eGFP and 3xFLAG tags in different cell lines and their localisation was determined. ORF 3a is predicted to contain DNA-binding and transcription activator domains, and it is localised in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. ORF 3b is also predicted to contain DNA-binding and activator domains, and was found to localise in the mitochondrion. Besides that, in some of the non-infected and FIPV-infected cells nucleolar, perinuclear or nuclear membrane accumulation of the eGFP-tagged 3b was observed. The exact compartmental localisation of ORF 3c is yet to be determined. However, based on our co-localisation studies 3c does not seem to be localised in the ER-Golgi network, ERGIC or peroxisomes. The expression of 3c-eGFP is clearly cell type dependent, it is more stable in MARC 145 cells than in Fcwf-4 or CrFK cells, which might reflectin vivostability differences of 3c in natural target cells (enterocytes vs. monocytes/macrophages).
“They spoke Hungarian but were of a Romanian faith.” A Greek Catholic community in Székely Land in the first half of the 20th century
Authors: Győrfy Eszter
Published: October 2018

The present study examines the fate of a Greek Catholic parish in Székely Land, more specifically the inhabitants of Kostelek (Coşnea) based on the archival and anthropological field research of the author placing it within the context of the findings of earlier research on the 20th century identification struggles of Hungarian-speaking Greek Catholics in Hungary. For Greek Catholics of Ruthenian and Romanian origin assimilated to the majority Hungarians, their linguistic-national and religious identities were often incompatible during the 20th century. The problematic situations resulting from this “collision of identities” were treated by individual communities in a variety of ways, and Hungarian Greek Catholics living within changing state lines chose various identification routes. The case study presented here will demonstrate that all this, beyond the political changes, was closely related to the pastoral activity of the local priesthood and to particular local conditions.
From deviancy to norm: An alternative betrothal rite in Gyimes
Authors: Balatonyi Judit
Published: October 2018

In my writing, I examine the formation and transformation of the betrothal practices of the Roman Catholic Hungarian community of Gyimes based on the results of my fieldwork research from 2005 to 2016. Betrothal came into practice in the 1980s; prior to that, ethnographic sources only mention the ritual occasion of proposal. According to Roman Catholic church norms, the ring could not be worn before the church wedding; only newlyweds were allowed to put it on their finger. For a long time, they used borrowed rings for the blessing of the rings. I explore why it was important for young couples to buy or have their own precious metal wedding rings made, despite regulations that virtually prohibited, but certainly did not support, the pre-wedding wearing of rings. Why did ring wearing and betrothal itself become fashionable? I identify the ideologies and concepts that transformed the earlier rites and views and how they contributed to the popularity of wedding ring sets and companion rings offered by jewelers. I argue that an alternative betrothal rite, the act and ideology of the Csíksomlyó ring exchange, could have greatly contributed to betrothal and ring wearing becoming a common practice in Gyimes. Until the 1990s, this was a strategy adopted by the local community which, similarly to the secular, profane passage into womanhood or emergency baptism, offered an opportunity to exit marginal life situations.
Exorcism and sexuality: The “thick description” of an 18th-century Transylvanian catholic priest’s transgression
Authors: Bárth Dániel
Published: October 2018

Using contemporary documents, the study presents the story of a scandalous exorcism that took place in 1726-27. At the heart of the Csíkszentgyörgy (Ciucsângeorgiu) case is the local parson and a non-local “possessed” woman. The supreme church authority sought to figure out the details of the months-long case retroactively through testimonies and the correspondence of the priests involved. The demonically possessed woman upset the entire village community. In many respects, the priest became “obsessed” with the case and the woman. For his exorcism, he used methods found in alternative European manuals that were by then banned in the Church. The woman’s prophecies and reports of the afterlife were taken seriously not only by the priest, but also by the wider village community. The sexual fervor of the woman did not leave the young men guarding her at night – as well as the parson himself – unaff ected. The Church authorities ultimately sought to clarify the circumstances of the woman’s pregnancy, and especially the priest’s role in it. Although there is no judgment to be found in church sources, all traces of the Padre later disappear.

In keeping with the trends of narrative history, beyond the “thick description” of the case, the author undertakes less contextualization than usual. The case is undoubtedly edifying in terms of the history of Roman Catholic exorcism in Hungary; it presents significant documentation of contemporary religious and folk demonology, contains the early traces of subsequent folk beliefs, and raises a number of cultural-historical issues (in regard to sexuality and love).
Prevalence of enterotoxin-encoding genes among diverse Shigella strains isolated from patients with diarrhea, southwest Iran
Authors: Moosavian Mojtaba , Seyed-Mohammadi Sakineh , Sheikh Ahmad Farajzadeh , Khoshnood Saeed , Dezfuli Aram Asarehzadegan , Saki Morteza , Ghaderian Gholamreza , Shahi Fatemeh , Abdi Mahtab , Abbasi Fariba
Published: October 2018

Shigella spp. are a major cause of bacillary dysentery, particularly among children in developing countries such as Iran. This study aimed to investigate the presence of two important Shigella enterotoxins (ShET-1 and ShET-2), encoded by the set and sen genes, respectively, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay among Shigella species isolated from children affected by shigellosis in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, from June 2016 to April 2017, altogether 117 Shigella isolates were collected from fecal specimens of children aged <15 years with diarrhea in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. All isolates were identified by standard microbiological and molecular methods. The presence of enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR. The most prevalent isolate was Shigella flexneri (47.9%), followed by Shigella sonnei (41%) and Shigella boydii (11.1%), respectively. Shigella dysenteriae was not detected in patients’ samples. The frequencies of set1A, set1B, and sen genes were 5.1% (6/117), 15.4% (18/117), and 76.9% (90/117), respectively. This study provides initial background on the prevalence and distribution of the Shigella enterotoxin genes in Shigella isolates in southwest of Iran. In addition, this study revealed a high prevalence of sen enterotoxin gene in Shigella species.
Una nueva especie del género Esenbeckia (Rutaceae) Del Istmo de Tehuantepec, México
Authors: Ramos Álvarez C. H. , Martínez S. E.
Published: October 2018

Se describe una nueva especie del género Esenbeckia Kunth (Rutaceae) procedente del Istmo de Tehuantepec, México. Esta nueva especie se encontró conviviendo con E. collina Brandegee.

A new species in the genus Esenbeckia (Rutaceae) from the Tehuantepec Isthmus, Mexico – A new species in the genus Esenbeckia Kunth (Rutaceae) is described. This species from the Tehuantepec Isthmus, Mexico is sympatric with E. collina Brandegee.
Leaf epidermal micromorphology of the genus Hypericum (hypericaceae) from Iran
Authors: Faghir M. B. , Razaz M. , Attar F. , Salehi Z.
Published: October 2018

Foliar micromorphological characters of 17 species of Hypericum L. belonging to five sections, Androsaemum (Duhamel) Godron, Hypericum, Hirtella Stef. (including 2 subsections: Platyadenum N. Robson et Stenadenum N. Robson), Taeniocarpum Jaub. et Spach. and Drosanthe (Spach) Endl. were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on the current result three types of epidermal cell shape (irregular polygonal, roughly regular rectangular and irregular elliptical); four types of papilla (triangular, with striate wall, finger and star shapes); two main types and three subtypes of epicuticular wax; seven type classes of outer stomatal and peristomatal rims/stomata ledge aperture; three types of wax distribution on the stomata rims/pore/epidermal cell and three types of inner stomatal rims variations (smooth, sinuolate and sinuolate-erose) were identified. The result revealed that leaf micromorphological evidences of Hypericum are taxonomically informative and can be used for separating different sections and species.
Assessment of the credibility of public websites about medicinal herbs
Authors: Kováts N. , Hubai K. , Horváth E. , Paulovits G.
Published: October 2018

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the use of herbs and herbal medicinal products, both in developing and developed countries. While electronic medium has become a more and more important tool for presenting information about health-related issues, several studies demonstrated that the internet often contains inaccurate and/or misleading information. In our study we assessed 30 Hungarian websites and 2 cellphone applications intended for public use and evaluated the quality and credibility of the information presented about medicinal plants recommended. It was found that websites showed very diverse safety: most websites gave mixed information, that is, some medicinal herbs and their potential hazard were properly described, while others were not. There were, however, websites, which completely missed to give information about any potential hazard. As credibility of public websites can be in most cases questioned, it is strongly recommended for potential users to consult more than one source of information.
Адаптации Чехова в современной венгерской литературе
Authors: Regéczi Ildikó
Published: October 2018

The creative reception of Anton Chekhov in contemporary Hungarian literature often takes the form of a role-play in which poets put on an authorial mask that displays Russian literary references, while their Chekhovian intertexts constitute an organic part of a playful evocation of classic Russian literature. The form of the mask lyric, including especially that of the so-called “oroszvers” (verbatim: a Russian poem), is also characteristic of poetry from across the border in Transylvania; more specifically, of the writers’ generations starting out in the sixties and seventies, named after the book series entitled Forrás (Springs), growing up on the heritage of the 20th-century Hungarian poet Attila József, and apparently representing this heritage but, at the same time, introducing a new form of expression as well. This study focuses on the poetics of two such contemporary authors, László Király (b. 1943) and András Ferenc Kovács (b. 1959), in whose poetry I wish to examine the phenomenon belonging to the category of literary mystification, while analyzing the manifestations of the typical Chekhovian protagonist and the Chekhovian “atmosphere” as transposed into poetry.
Идентитет в интеракции
Authors: Шахвердова Нава-Ванда
Published: October 2018

The analysis focuses on two possible approaches to the phenomenon of identity. Identity emerges, it is maintained and changes in everyday talk-in-interaction in the process of communicative action interpretations achieved by speakers and their reactions. Consequently, identity can be observed in the individual narratives and in the structure of conversation. In the paper, the author observes the emergence of identity in the texts of qualitative semi-structured focus group interview (in the Russian language). The text analysis is based on the theoretical and methodological background of conversation analysis and narrative analysis.
Мотивация «крест» в названии крестца в славянских языках
Authors: Варга Эва Каталин
Published: October 2018

In the present study, the principles of nomination of sacrum are analysed on the basis of linguistic and cultural data. The os sacrum has been considered sacred as a nidus for resurrection since antiquity. Its names are motivated by the meaning ‘cross’ in Slavic, Germanic, and Hungarian. In Slavic texts, this image appeared in the 16th century. This late use allows us to see it as a semantic calque of German Kreuz but the first known occurrence in German was attested in the 17th century.
Ранний славяноболгарский вклад в венгерский язык
Authors: Zoltán András
Published: October 2018

The Slavic substratum of the Hungarian language was not uniform in a dialectical sense. Among the late Slavic dialects of the 9th century, in addition to the so-called Pannonian Slavic, also a dialect of Bulgarian character was represented not only in the southeastern peripheral areas, as it had previously been suspected, but also in some central parts of the present- day Hungarian language area. In this paper, the author provides language material for the localization of these former dialects.
Шандор бонкало – дослідник української мови, діалектології та літератури
Authors: Барань Єлизавета
Published: October 2018

The aim of the present paper is to describe Sándor Bonkáló’s research in the field of Ukrainian language and dialectology, to emphasize the importance of his approach to the definition of the place of Ukrainian among other East Slavic languages, to outline the characteristic features of Bonkáló’s investigations in the field of Hutsul dialects and ethnography as well as to focus on the role of Bonkáló’s research in the development of Carpathian Ruthenian literature and culture.
Нарцисс и «лишний человек»
Authors: Йожа Дьёрдь Зольтан
Published: October 2018

Reconsidering Beltov’s figure in Herzen’s Who is to Blame? will lead to revealing psychological traits relevant for the ‘superfluous man’. Features of narcissism and a set of motifs related to the mythologeme of Narcissus traced in the text allow us to conclude that selfreflexion, autobiographical method in poetics as well as a dialogue between individualism and collectivism will prevail, surpassing social aspects.
Three more leaves of the Sanskrit – Uighur bilingual Dharmaśarīrasūtra in Brāhmī script
Authors: Fan Jingjing , Peng Jinzhang , Wang Haiyun
Published: October 2018

Three leaves written in Brāhmī script and kept in the Dunhuang Research Academy turn out to be parts of a bilingual text of Dharmaśarīrasūtra in Sanskrit and Uighur. After analysing several versions of Dharmaśarīrasūtra, it can be inferred that these three fragments belong to the Northern Brāhmī recensions which were circulated along the Northern Silk Road and are different from the Southern Brāhmī recensions popular along the Southern Route, such as the Khotanese version. This paper attempts to transcribe these fragments and make a thorough research on Dharmaśarīrasūtra, taking five relevant Chinese versions into account.
Application of coated wheat bran to producing barbari bread with increased nutritional value and improved bread texture and shelf life
Authors: Milani J.M.
Published: October 2018

The enrichment of bread with wheat bran as a source of dietary fibre seems to be necessary for human health, because bread is the most consumed commodity in many countries. However, wheat bran has some adverse effects on the bread quality during storage. The aim of this study was to produce barbari bread with increased nutritional value and improved texture by the addition of coated wheat bran (0.67 and 1.34% based on flour stearic acid or St1, 2 and beeswax or Bw1, 2). Bread made from uncoated wheat bran was used as control. The least crust to crumb ratio was seen for control and Bw1. Water activity and moisture content results showed that the crumb of Bw1 and control had the better moisture retention during storage. Textural properties of samples showed that there were no significant differences in the hardness of the samples (P>0.05). However, the least increase in hardness during storage was observed for stearic acid coated samples. Other texture profile analysis parameters, such as cohesiveness and springiness, showed that Bw1 and Bw2 samples had no significant changes during storage. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the least enthalpy for Bw1 after baking (385.21 J g–1) and during storage (567.62 J g–1). Accordingly, results showed that beeswax, especially at 0.67% (based on flour), is the best shell material for bran coating in order to improve bread texture and shelf life.
Antistaphylococcal potential and application of autochthonous enterococci and lactobacilli in pilot cheese production
Authors: Čanžek Majhenič A. , Mohar Lorbeg P.
Published: October 2018

This study was undertaken to prepare tailor-made starter culture (TMSC) for Karst ewe’s cheese production. Therefore, basic technological characteristics (growth ability in milk, acid production, and proteolytic activity) and antistaphylococcal potential were assessed for autochthonous enterococci and lactobacilli. Beside good growth in milk with numbers as high as 8 log CFU ml–1, certain enterococci and lactobacilli also reduced pH below 5.0 and showed proteolytic activity. In antistaphylococcal testing, only pure strains of enterococci and lactobacilli were moderately antagonistic, but not in coagulated milks and coagulated milk extracts. Enterococci and lactobacilli with most relevant technological/antistaphylococcal properties were combined and tested as TMSC.

In control (C) cheese-making, milk was inoculated with TMSC, while staphylococci (SC) cheese-making included contamination with staphylococci. In C trials, high logarithmic counts per g of cheese for enterococci (8.07–8.80) and lactobacilli (7.49–9.98) throughout the ripening period were found, and their authenticity was monitored by RAPD method. Furthermore, cheese extracts failed to inhibit pure cultures of staphylococci, while cheese pieces inhibited Staphylococcus sp. ST17. In SC trials, population dynamics of enterococci (7.81–9.04) and lactobacilli (7.98–9.63) corroborated the results in milk and in C trials, with staphylococci still present at the end of the ripening period but at lower counts than in fresh cheese.
Viability of bifidobacteria in soft-frozen ice cream supplemented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall product
Authors: Varga L. , Andok T.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this research was to monitor the changes during storage in survival of bifidobacteria in a soft-frozen ice cream supplemented with a yeast cell wall-based product claimed to contribute to the functioning of the immune system. An ice cream mix was prepared and pasteurised. After overnight aging at 4 °C, it was inoculated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12. Two batches of the mix were supplemented with a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall product at 2.0% and 4.0% (w/w), whereas a third batch was left unsupplemented and served as control. The final mixes were frozen, and the three products were stored at –13 °C for 7 days. The ice creams contained viable bifidobacteria cells at levels exceeding 106 CFU g–1 throughout the storage throughout the storage period. Although the yeast supplement decreased the loss of viability of bifidobacteria during frozen storage of ice creams, it imparted a slightly bitter off-flavour to the samples and it also negatively influenced the original white colour of the product, thereby necessitating further work to develop flavoured varieties of the Saccharomyces cell wall-containing synbiotic ice cream.
Development and evaluation of freeze-dried milk powder with low-lactose content
Authors: Morioka L.R.I. , Koga E.C. , Suguimoto H.H.
Published: October 2018

This work aims to develop a freeze-dried milk powder with low lactose content and evaluate the percentage composition, microbiological analysis, and the soy lecithin and temperature effect on the solubility, dispersibility, and wettability of the final product. According to the results, treatments with and without hydrolysis showed significant differences in moisture (3.96% and 2.63%), ash (8.92% and 10.0%), lactose (1.57% and 61.46%), and glucose (33.79% and 0.81%) contents. In both treatments, no microbiological contaminant was observed. For high values of solubility, the most appropriate combination was lecithin 0.6% at 80 ºC, for dispersibility was lecithin 0.6% at 94 ºC, and for wettability was lecithin 0.65% at 90 ºC. Based on the results, freeze-dried milk powder with low lactose content can represent a new technologically and nutritionally viable product. This can be an alternative production process representing potential for marketing as a final product or used as base for the food preparation containing milk with low lactose content.