bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex Influences of Tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans on ENSO Prediction
Authors: Jiang Ke , Wu Jiye , Luo Jing-Jia
Published: November 2024

Tropical basin interactions (TBIs) are widely involved in El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) evolution. Previous dynamical prediction studies often focused on single basin, single start month, and few events, which normally overlooked the complexity in the TBIs’ impact on ENSO prediction. To address these limitations, we conducted six sets of sensitivity hindcast experiments initializing from different seasons during 1983–2018, in which observed monthly and climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the tropical Indian (TIO) and Atlantic Ocean (TAO) are separately and synchronously prescribed. Results indicate synergistic but complicated roles of tropical SST anomalies (SSTAs) outside the Pacific in predicting ENSO. The results suggest more prominent contributions from TAO SSTAs, due to the well-captured teleconnections between ENSO and primary precursors in the North tropical and equatorial Atlantic. Conversely, the model exhibits large biases in replicating the relationship between ENSO and the basin-wide and dipole modes in the Indian Ocean, weakening the TIO SSTAs’ contributions. Moreover, SSTAs over the remote basins exert asymmetrical and phase-dependent influences on ENSO predictions; more remarkable contributions are found during La Niña and ENSO transition-development phases, indicating the TBIs’ importance in improving the spring barrier of ENSO prediction. Additionally, the impact of TBIs on ENSO prediction displays an interdecadal change; SSTAs outside the Pacific improve (degrade) El Niño prediction before (after) 2000, which may be associated with rapid warming in the TIO and TAO. Our results suggest high complexity in the TIO and TAO’s influence on ENSO prediction, stimulating future efforts for better understanding and models’ performance.
Preparation of Composite SAPO-11 Zeolite Molecular Sieve and its Hydroisomerization Performance of Shale Oil
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Wu Xianglian , Tuo Changmin , Abulizi Abulikemu , Ren Tiezhen , Nulahong Aisha
Published: November 2024

‒In this paper, SAPO-11 molecular sieve was synthesized by static hydrothermal synthesis method, and SAPO-11 molecular sieve was combined with γ-Al2O3. Then the catalyst was prepared by the bimetallic Co-Mo modification of the support by equal volume impregnation method. SAPO-11 molecular sieve is mainly a spherical aggregate with a regular rectangular surface; At the same time, the composite support can maintain its crystal phase structure well. When bimetallic Co-Mo modification is carried out, the metal dispersion is higher when the metal load is small. As the load increases, aggregation occurs. Using shale oil with JSO < 380℃ as raw material, the performance of different catalysts in the hydroisomerization reaction of shale oil was studied. The results show that γ-Al2O3 has good aromatic saturation and ring-opening properties, and the composite with SAPO-11 molecular sieve is conducive to the hydrogenation isomerization reaction. The content of isopentane in the product of SA type catalyst is greatly increased. The isopane content of 2.5%Co-7.5%Mo/SA catalyst is the highest, reaching 49.08%, which is 12.48% higher than that of SAPO-11 catalyst. The introduction of Co is conducive to the production of olefin, and the content of heteroatomic compounds is reduced, which is conducive to the isomerization in the reaction process. Mo improves the strong acidic site, catalytic activity and isomerism selectivity.
Investigation of the impact of the Caspr3 receptor in brain microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells on invasion function of Escherichia coli K1
Authors: Qiao Zhi-Dong , Zhao Hong , Xu Lei , Fu Jun-Xian , Li Tian-Xia , Jia Yue-Xin , Zhao Wei-Dong , Yang Guang-Lu
Published: November 2024

Objective To investigate the role of the Caspr3 receptor in bEnd.3 cells on the invasion function of Escherichia coli K1 strain. Methods 1. Cell Culture and Bacterial Infection:bEnd.3 cells and E. coli K1 (E44) were cultured in vitro. Confocal laser microscopy was used to observe the changes in F-actin and Caspr3 in bEnd.3 cells following bacterial addition. 2. Caspr3 Knockdown: bEnd.3 cells were transfected with lentivirus to establish stable Caspr3 knockdown (Lenti-sh-Caspr3) and null-loaded (Lenti-sh-NC). Transfection efficiency was assessed via Western blot and confocal laser microscopy. 3. Bacterial Adhesion and Invasion Assays: Lenti-sh-NC and Lenti-sh-Caspr3 cells were infected with E. coli E44 to evaluate bacterial adhesion and invasion. 4. Changes in F-actin: Confocal laser microscopy was used to observe the changes in F-actin after E. coli E44 invaded Lenti-sh-Caspr3. Results 1. bEnd.3 cells expressed Caspr3. Compared with the control group, there was no significant change in the fluorescence intensity of Caspr3, F-actin aggregation occurred, and the co-localization with Caspr3 at the aggregation was more significant after E44 infection. 2. Western blot and confocal microscopy confirmed a significant reduction in Caspr3 protein expression in Lenti-sh-Caspr3 compared to bEnd.3 and Lenti-sh-NC. 3. No significant difference in E44 adhesion rate was observed between Lenti-sh-Caspr3 and the control group. However, the invasion rate of E44 in Lenti-sh-Caspr3 was significantly lower than in the control group. 4. F-actin aggregation was significantly reduced in Lenti-sh-Caspr3 after E44 infection. Conclusions bEnd.3 cells expresses Caspr3, which co-localizes with F-actin during E. coli meningitis invasion. Knockdown of Caspr3 did not affect the adhesion of E. coli E44 to host cells, but the number of bacterial invasions was significantly decreased, and F-actin aggregation of the host cells was reduced. Caspr3 may influence the invasion of host cells by E. coli meningitis by regulating F-actin rearrangement.
Electrochemical hydrogen storage behavior of Hg-Fe-Ni on graphite in alkaline media
Authors: Hassanlou Fatemeh , Sefidi Pariya Yardani , Jafarian Majid
Published: November 2024

The electrochemical properties of hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen storage behavior of Hg-Fe-Ni on graphite (C/Hg-Fe-Ni) were examined in 0.1M NaOH using Cyclic voltemetry(CV), chronopotentiometery(CP), Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).
The examination of the physical features and chemical composition of the alloy was conducted using a field emission scanning electron microscope and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
The electrochemical discharge capacity of C/Hg-Fe-Ni, was obtained 20302 mAh/g, which was about 6 times higher than the capacity of C/Hg-Ni (3577 mAh/g). Discharge capacity of C/Hg-Ni-Fe in repeated cycles was studied, the electrode's performance peaks at the 13th cycle, reaching a value of 1(100% yield), indicating the excellent performance of this electrode. After 140 cycles, the hydrogen evolution reaction activity has negligible change.
In the following, the impact of applied current, the charging duration and the time lag between charging and discharging on the discharge capacity of the electrode were examined.
The C/Hg-Fe-Ni also exhibits significantly superior catalytic efficacy for hydrogen evolution reaction evidenced by the obtained Tafel slope value, the exchange current density, and over potential that was found -5.7 mVdec−1, 1.45 mAcm−2 and 140 mV (vs. RHE), respectively. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen into the ternary C/Hg-Fe-Ni was also obtained 1.7×10−14 cm2 s−1.
The C/Hg-Fe-Ni electrode can be recognized as an efficient easy prepared electrode for both electrochemically hydrogen storage and hydrogen evolution reaction.
Assessing Seasonal Fluctuations in Forecast Precision through Comparative Regression Modelling in Meteorology
Authors: Masalvad Shravankumar , Paliwal Vartika
Published: November 2024

This study provides an in-depth review of various regression models used to forecast meteorological parameters across seasons. Regression models that use traditional regression can be evaluated against advanced machine learning techniques like Random Forest and Gradient Boosting to evaluate their predictive power using metrics such as root mean square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) as well as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) to calculate R2 and ratio between RSR/RMSE to observer Standard Deviation ratio, Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). The research highlights notable performance differences over time, highlighting both the variability of weather data as well as the challenges associated with accurate forecasting. The Ridge Regression model stands out from other models with one of the most accurate error metrics (RMSE: 294.87, MAE: 232.58, MAPE 7.74 RSR = 0.81); as well as consistently producing R2 values of 0.34 and KGE values of 0.53 within its model parameters. The methods adopted in this research would help the stakeholders, civic bodies and others for attaining sustainable water resources approach to tackle the repercussions of climate change.
A Histopathological Snapshot of Bladder Cancer: a Johannesburg Experience of 1480 Histopathology Reports
Authors: Jonosky Jaclyn , Adam Ahmed , Wadee Reubina
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the histopathological characteristics of bladder cancer in patients presenting to Johannesburg hospitals over a 13-year period (2010–2023).
Methods
Following ethical clearance, a retrospective study of 1480 histopathological reports was done. Normality of distribution was tested using the Shapiro Wilk test. Histopathological results were compared by patient gender using the Fisher's exact, and by age, using either one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results
Urothelial carcinoma accounted for 88.8% of bladder cancer cases, squamous cell carcinoma (7.7%), adenocarcinoma (1.5%), and other malignancies (2%). High-grade urothelial carcinoma was the predominant subtype, accounting for 75% of cases. Non-muscle invasive disease accounted for 72% of these cases, while 28% were muscle invasive. Data from radical cystectomies showed a high proportion of aggressive and advanced disease.
Conclusions
The study highlights the predominance of high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Johannesburg, consistent with global trends. However, the presence of advanced disease at diagnosis, particularly in cases needing radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, reflects the ongoing challenges in early detection and treatment in this population. The findings suggest a shift in bladder cancer trends in Africa away from assumed squamous cell carcinoma towards urothelial carcinoma, possibly influenced by increasing urbanisation, smoking and changes in risk factor profiles.
Long-term changes of bird diversity revealed historical manor parks as biodiversity hotspots in cities
Authors: Machar Ivo , Schlossarek Martin , Pechanec Vilém , Šimek Pavel
Published: November 2024

Environmental sustainability and resilience of cities is based on the biological diversity of green urban areas. Biodiversity of green infrastructure in dynamic urbanized environments is changing very fast. Understanding these ecological processes (and using them to environmental management of urban ecosystems) supports the application of birds as bioindicators. Although there is a consensus that long-term bird studies are extraordinarily valuable for better understanding of real temporal trends in avian urban diversity changes, these are still very rare. The main aim of this study is the assessment of long-term changes (during 30 years) in avian communities in historic manor parks in Central-European urbanized landscapes. Statistical testing of hypotheses as well as using calculation of faunistic indexes based on guild approach revealed high stability in bird diversity of large historic manor parks for a period 1994–2023. Results revealed the role of historic manor parks not only as historical sites but also as important urban biodiversity hotspots, which need specific management practice to maintain biodiversity in environmentally sustainable cities. Results also supported our better understanding of the joining of natural and historical heritage in cities worldwide in the frame of new scientific concept of Biocultural Diversity.
A Study on the Impact of Platform Economy on Labor Work Poverty from the Perspective of Common Prosperity ——Analysis of Mixed Cross Section Data Based on CGSS
Authors: Yu Shan , Sun Han
Published: November 2024

Leveraging digital technology, the platform economy, characterized by data-driven dynamics, platform support, and network coordination, is continuously transforming the labor market structure. It has demonstrated a notable impact on poverty reduction. Utilizing mixed cross-sectional data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS), this study constructs a comprehensive index system to measure the development of the platform economy through the entropy method. This approach aims to facilitate the pursuit of common prosperity. Furthermore, it employs a Logit model to empirically investigate the influence of platform economy development on working poverty, particularly in the context of promoting common prosperity. The results reveal that the expansion of the platform economy significantly aids in diminishing working poverty. The development of the platform economy mitigates working poverty by enhancing regional wage levels and the frequency of Internet use among workers. Regional disparities are observed, with Eastern China showing a more pronounced alleviation effect compared to Central and Western China. The decline in working poverty is particularly pronounced among the young, the married, full-time employees, and those with higher education levels.
Analyzing Spinal Dysraphism's on Fetal MRI
Authors: Yadu Neha , Clarke Rebekah , McConahey Jessica , Twickler Diane
Published: November 2024

Background: Spinal dysraphic states are one of the major indications for fetal MRI. Although widely established nomenclature has been used to describe these lesions in pediatric literature, application to fetal studies is inconsistent.
Objective: To describe spinal dysraphic states on fetal MRI using defined measurements and descriptors. An additional objective is to perform gestational age analysis of open spinal dysraphism's to determine any statistical difference in the ability to discern anatomic structures at gestational age ≤24 weeks and ≥24 weeks respectively.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective review of fetal MRI in 206 pregnancies complicated by fetal spinal dysraphism. All studies underwent evaluation for occurrence of certain variables of the spine and central nervous system described in pediatric literature to determine diagnostic groups. Gestational age analysis of cases with open spinal dysraphism was performed.
Results: Open spinal dysraphism occurred in 84.5% of the studies followed by closed spinal dysraphism (7.3%), caudal regression (3.9%), scoliosis (2.9%), isolated tethered cord (0.5%), and limb-body-wall defect (0.5%). Fetal MRI performed at gestational age ≥24 weeks was statistically superior for anatomical assessment of open spinal dysraphism (P <0.001).
Conclusion: MR findings of fetal spinal lesions can be qualitatively and quantitatively defined and assigned to diagnostic groups that convey important clinical information. Gestational age affects the evaluation of findings.
Dual-path denoising and feature-domain optimization network for image compressed sensing
Authors: Ouyang ning , Huang jiongjia , Lin leping
Published: November 2024

Image Compressed Sensing (ICS) reconstruction based on deep unfolding network has achieved remarkable success. However, most of the ICS deep unfolding networks do not take full advantage of the critical information contained in the feature channels in image processing as well as the correlation between the local features of the image and the feature channels. To solve these problems, we designe an ICS deep unfolding network called dual-path denoising and feature-domain optimization network (DDFONet) using the idea of progressively optimizing image features. For feature extraction of images, we combine convolution and depth-separable convolution to capture local features of an image and deal with dependencies between image feature channels. We design a model based on the channel attention mechanism to focus on key features in image processing for optimal denoising of feature maps. The experimental results show that our proposed network gets good performance in image performance metrics such as SSIM and PSNR, as well as visual effects of several public benchmark datasets.
Full genome sequence of a novel potyvirus infecting Sauropus androgynus
Authors: Zhu Li-Juan , Su Shulian , Li Jingke , Chi Yubin , Zhu Yankun , Chen Xing , Su Lan-Yi , Zhang Juncheng , Xu Zhongtian
Published: November 2024

In the present study, the full genome sequence of a novel potyvirus, provisionally named “Sauropus androgynus potyvirus 1” (SAPV1), was determined using a combination of high throughput sequencing (HTS) contig assembly, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The full genome sequencing of SAPV1, excluding the 3’ poly(A) tail, was 10,365 nucleotides long and encoded a large polyprotein comprising 3,315 amino acids. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on the multiple sequence alignment of the polyprotein sequence revealed that SAPV1 clustered with the genus Potyvirus as a monophyletic clade, with its closest evolutionary relative being the Plum pox virus (PPV). BLAST searches revealed that the polyprotein sequence of SAPV1 shares the highest amino acid sequence identity of 45.6% with known viruses, with the highest being PPV. According to the species demarcation criteria of the family Potyviridae and the phylogenetic analysis, we propose that SAPV1 represents a novel member of the genus Potyvirus, infecting Sauropus androgynus, a plant widely used in medicine and the food industry.
Exploring pharmacists’ experiences with the Electronic National Residential Medication Chart: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Tan Jonathan , Tan Jasmine , de Souza Leanna , Wang Qianying , Wong Alexander , Mcmaugh Jarrod , Lee Kenneth , Page Amy
Published: November 2024

Background: Electronic medication management systems are increasingly adopted worldwide to enhance medication safety and efficiency in clinical settings. In Australia, government grants to support the transition to the electronic National Residential Medication Chart (eNRMC) commenced in 2022 but there is still limited research on its use in aged care. The eNRMC has the potential to enhance medication safety, reduce administrative burden, and facilitate better communication among care providers, however some studies have identified barriers such as low uptake and system design. Notably, these studies only include a small number of community pharmacists. As pharmacists play a critical role in medication management, particularly for older adults, it is essential to address their underrepresentation in current research to better optimise their experience with the eNRMC.
Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of pharmacists who have used the (eNRMC) while providing care to residential aged care facilities.
Methods: A qualitative descriptive study design was employed, with thematic analysis conducted using The Framework Method. Pharmacists with experience using the eNRMC were invited to participate in semi-structured individual interviews. These interviews were audio-visually recorded, transcribed using clean verbatim and analysed with NVivo software.
Results: Twelve participants consented and completed semi-structured interviews. Three main themes were identified: 1) Improvements in Medication Management, 2) Limitations of the eNRMC Software, and 3) the Facility’s Transition to eNRMC Software.
Conclusion: Pharmacists from various roles described the eNRMC as beneficial for enhancing medication management, but software limitations and lack of support remain barriers that impede adoption.
Understanding the Health Status of Chinese Migrant Elderly: The Interactive Effects of Social Support and Social Integration
Authors: Wang Zhaoyang , Lv Bo , Feng Xingmiao , Meng Kai
Published: November 2024

Background This study aims to analyze the impact of social support on the health status of the migrant elderly population in the context of population aging, explore the mediating role of social integration, and provide a reference for improving the health status of the migrant elderly population. Methods A total of 6,478 samples were screened from the Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring and Survey Database. Using a multiple linear regression model, this study analyzed the relationships among the health status, social support, and social integration status of the migrant elderly population in China. Bootstrap was conducted using the stepwise regression method and path analysis, and the mediation effect was tested using the Bootstrap method. Results The average social integration index score for individual migrant elderly population is 59.06. Social support has a significant impact on the health status and social integration status of the migrant elderly population (P < 0.05). Similarly, social integration status also significantly affects their health status (P < 0.05). The degree of community participation and communication within social integration mediates the effect of social support on health status (P < 0.05). Conclusions The health status of mobile elderly individuals in China is poor, and they face inadequate social support and limited social integration. Social support and social integration can directly influence the health status of the mobile elderly population. Additionally, social support can indirectly affect their health through the partial mediation of social integration. The health issues of mobile elderly individuals are not merely personal matters but rather social issues that require the collective attention of the entire society. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the implementation of social support for the mobile elderly population, enhance their social integration, and promote the health status of mobile elderly individuals through multifaceted approaches.
Experiences of Transgender Individuals in Accessing Oral Health Care in a Low and Middle- Income Country: A Qualitative Study from Pakistan
Authors: Jadoon Anhum Haroon , Shahzad Muhammad , Khattak Saad Ishaq , Ali Askar , Jennings Hannah Maria , Khattak Maria Ishaq
Published: November 2024

Background
Transgender individuals are one of the most marginalised groups globally, with their experiences of prejudice significantly impacting their dental care access and leading to social isolation. This study aimed to explore the experiences of transgender individuals in accessing oral health care services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methods
A qualitative, phenomenological study design was utilized to gain in-depth insights. Eight transgender participants were purposively recruited from the districts of Haripur, Abbottabad, and Mansehra in the Hazara division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Urdu and subsequently transcribed and translated. Thematic analysis based on a descriptive approach was utilised.
Results
The analysis revealed several barriers faced by transgender individuals in accessing oral health care, organised into key themes: 1. Healthcare discrimination and marginalisation, 2. Quality of care and dental professionals' attitude, 3. Cost and affordability of dental care, 4. Social stigma and the absence of community support, 5. Inclusive dental care facilities.
Results
The analysis revealed several barriers faced by transgender individuals in accessing oral health care, organised into key themes: 1. Healthcare discrimination and marginalisation, 2. Quality of care and dental professionals' attitude, 3. Cost and affordability of dental care, 4. Social stigma and the absence of community support, 5. Inclusive dental care facilities.
Conclusion
This research has identified several barriers faced by transgender individuals in Pakistan when accessing dental care, resulting in delayed treatment and poor oral health outcomes. Financial constraints and insufficient empathy from dental professionals further complicate these challenges. Implementing the participants’ recommendations of policy reforms, including anti-discrimination laws, separate waiting rooms and counters, to enhance access to dental care was highlighted. Policymakers may create a more inclusive dental service delivery system that meets the needs of transgender individuals.
MICPAT: Micro-architecture Independent Characteristics Profiling Analysis Tool for GPU Programs
Authors: Peng Wang , Kaiyuan Qi , Zhibin Yu , Guangfeng Su , Peng Liu
Published: November 2024

With the rapid evolution of GPU architectures, analyzing and optimizing the performance of GPU rendering programs has become increasingly complex and crucial. To tackle the challenges posed by this diversity and ensure microarchitecture-independent performance insights, this paper presents a comprehensive study of a GPU characteristic analysis tool called MICPAT. This tool assists users in observing the performance of microarchitecture-independent features in GPU programs before and after optimization. It extracts a series of key characteristics, including instruction mix, basic block count, instruction frequency, and CPU-to-GPU memory transfer allocation. Through comprehensive analysis of these characteristics, MICPAT provides developers with deep insights into their program behavior and performance. This enables developers to fully understand their programs and accurately identify optimization opportunities and performance bottlenecks. Taking the instruction mix characteristic as an example, it reveals the distribution of different types of instructions in the program, providing strong support for developers to perform performance optimization at the instruction level. The analysis of basic block count and program execution block size further reveals the parallelism and concurrency characteristics of the program. Additionally, MICPAT conducts a detailed analysis of instruction frequency, which helps developers optimize instruction-level performance and improve algorithm design. By using MICPAT, developers can collect and analyze characteristic data, evaluate the program's utilization of the memory hierarchy, and identify potential areas for performance optimization. To verify the effectiveness and practicality of MICPAT, this paper also presents experimental analyses using 100 GPU rendering programs, the Octane renderer, and the Rodinia and Parboil benchmark suites. Through microarchitecture-independent feature analysis, valuable insights into instruction mix, basic block count, and instruction frequency were obtained. These experimental results fully demonstrate the powerful capabilities and microarchitecture independence of MICPAT in GPU characteristic analysis. Therefore, by thoroughly analyzing program characteristics, developers can obtain important information about program performance and behavior, providing a strong reference for program optimization and performance improvement. The open source repo is https://zenodo.org/records/13623324.
Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases among Prison Inmates in the City of Tete, Mozambique: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xavier Sancho Pedro , Motivo Nelson Jossefe Conde , Xavi Ramim , Cote Nelson Domingos , Silva Ageo Mário , Victor Audêncio
Published: November 2024

Background
High health inequalities and non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are prevalent in the prison population, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries, posing significant implications for morbidity and mortality. This study analyzes the prevalence and determinants of these diseases among prisoners in the city of Tete, Mozambique.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among inmates at the Tete City Prison, Mozambique. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was diagnosed based on the criteria established by the International Expert Committee, which defines diabetes as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of ≥ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). Participants who reported a previous diagnosis of diabetes by a doctor or health professional were also classified as diabetic. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors, reporting adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval, considering a p-value < 0.05 as significant.
Results
The prevalence (95% CI) of hypertension, DM, and obesity was 36.90% (31.33; 42.73), 10.34% (7.09; 14.44), and 1.38% (0.38; 3.49), respectively. A family history of DM (AOR: 14.95; 95% CI: 3.32–67.44) and being female (AOR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.43–4.52) were identified as risk factors associated with DM and Hypertension, respectively.
Conclusion
The study revealed high rates of DM and hypertension among inmates, highlighting family history as a risk factor for DM and the association of female with hypertension. Urgent implementation of preventive measures for hypertension, along with early screenings for individuals with a family history of DM, is essential to mitigate complications in prison environment.
Antimycobacterial cyclic peptide natural products bind and dysregulate stress response chaperones
Authors: Payne Richard , Barter Isabel , Bedding Max , Maxwell Joshua , Hawkins Paige , Wang Xiaonan , Quan Diana , Junker Sabryna , Clausen Tim , Britton Warwick , Larance Mark
Published: November 2024

The protein quality control system is a promising and largely untapped mycobacterial target for the discovery of novel antibiotics. The ClpC1:ClpP1P2 protease is an essential component of the system and is involved in both regulatory and stress-related protein degradation. Several cyclic peptide natural products have been discovered, including ecumicin, the ilamycins and cyclomarin, which bind the ClpC1 chaperone component of the system and possess potent antimycobacterial activity. This has led to significant interest in these molecules, and the ClpC1:ClpP1P2 system more generally, as a bona fide target for the development of new classes of tuberculosis drugs. Utilising cutting edge mass-spectrometry-based proteomics on virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, we reveal key differences in the mechanism of action for ecumicin, ilamycin E and cyclomarin, with each natural product having distinct effects on the proteome and different consequences for ClpC1 substrate recognition. An additional Clp protein, ClpC2, safeguards the ClpC1:ClpP1P2 complex from obstruction by chaperoning excess unfolded proteins in the event of proteotoxic stress. We show that all three natural products bind ClpC2, with varying affinities, in addition to ClpC1. Notably, we report the significant accumulation of the small heat shock protein, Hsp20, in the presence of ecumicin. A direct binding interaction between Hsp20 and ecumicin is observed that is proposed to stimulate this upregulation. Together, our data reveal that these natural products bind and dysregulate chaperones beyond ClpC1 and dysregulate ClpC1 substrate recognition via distinct mechanisms. This highlights the potential for the development of antimycobacterials that disrupt protein quality control beyond a single protein target.
Improved Alignment of Modalities in Large Vision Language Models
Authors: Jangra Kartik , Singh Aman Kumar , Mann Yashwani , Rathee Geetanjali
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in vision-language models have achieved remarkable results in making language models understand vision inputs. However, a unified approach to align these models across diverse tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering remains a challenge. Existing methods either require very big language models or very big datasets which is not efficient in utilizing exist ing models. This paper addresses this gap and devises a training strategy of auto-regressive vision-language models, to unify vision-language tasks like image captioning and visual question answering. We propose four training stages for aligning the vision model with the language model, in other words, the lan guage model is given an ability to process visual inputs. We also devise different attention masks for training transformer-based language models that improve the quality of visual features. Further, we introduce some findings, 1) the attention mask should not be applied on visual inputs, 2) the Language model converges faster on AI-generated data, 3) More work should be done in the alignment stage during the pre-training of the model, 4) the model can easily adapt to any down stream tasks like visual question answering on healthcare datasets like PathVQA. After training the model for one epoch for all the stages, it outperforms large models like VILA-13 billion models on common benchmarks like CIDEr scores on COCO and Flickr30k datasets and achieves very close scores to GIT-2 on the same dataset despite being a much smaller model trained on a much smaller dataset. All of the training is done using best practices available like multi-GPU parallel training, lower-precision training with 16-bit float numbers, faster atten tion (SDPA), and gradient accumulation, and completed the training within 12 hours.
Ultra-High-Definition Image Restoration: New Benchmarks and A Dual Interaction Prior-Driven Solution
Authors: wang Liyan , Wang Cong , Pan Jinshan , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhou Weixiang , Sun Xiaoran , Wang Wei , Su Zhixun
Published: November 2024

Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) image restoration has acquired remarkable attention due to its practical demand. In this paper, we construct UHD snow and rain benchmarks, named UHD-Snow and UHD-Rain, to remedy the deficiency in this field. The UHD-Snow/UHD-Rain is established by simulating the physics process of rain/snow into consideration and each benchmark contains 3200 degraded/clear image pairs of 4K resolution. Furthermore, we propose an effective UHD image restoration solution by considering gradient and normal priors in model design thanks to these priors' spatial and detail contributions. Specifically, our method contains two branches: (a) feature fusion and reconstruction branch in high-resolution space and (b) prior feature interaction branch in low-resolution space. The former learns high-resolution features and fuses prior-guided low-resolution features to reconstruct clear images, while the latter utilizes normal and gradient priors to mine useful spatial features and detail features to guide high-resolution recovery better. To better utilize these priors, we introduce single prior feature interaction and dual prior feature interaction, where the former respectively fuses normal and gradient priors with high-resolution features to enhance prior ones, while the latter calculates the similarity between enhanced prior ones and further exploits dual guided filtering to boost the feature interaction of dual priors. We conduct experiments on both new and existing public datasets and demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our method on UHD image low-light enhancement, dehazing, deblurring, desonwing, and draining. The source codes and benchmarks are available at \url{https://github.com/wlydlut/UHDDIP}.
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Authors: Burhan Omar Mahmud  , Payman Osman Rasool
Published: November 2024

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O Financiamento da Educação das Prefeituras da Região da Baixada Litorânea Fluminense na Pandemia
Authors: Souza Fábio Araujo de
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que analisou criticamente as despesas pagas com receitas da vinculação mínima obrigatória de impostos para o ensino no ano de 2020, dos governos municipais da região da Baixada Litorânea fluminense, marcado pelo contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Ficou constatado que, dos 10 governos municipais, seis deixaram de investir no ensino não presencial. Os quatro governos que investiram aplicaram poucos recursos para esse fim. A maioria dos 10 governos investiu em despesas indevidas, ilegais e inadequadas em um contexto da pandemia.
A Fundação Itaú Social e a Produção de Conhecimento em Educação
Authors: Morgan Karine Vichiettt
Published: November 2024

O artigo buscou analisar a Fundação Itaú Social em sua ação de produção de conhecimento e conteúdo para a educação. Mapeou-se, utilizando a metodologia de Análise de Redes Sociais, os elos relacionais entre agentes individuais e coletivos, públicos e privados. A pesquisa demonstrou que tais agentes compõem um movimento orgânico atuando por meio de uma complexa rede social composta por uma fração da burguesia brasileira, que influencia e age sobre a educação pública em várias frentes: nas políticas, nas práticas e no consenso.
Nova Gestão Pública, Qualidade da Educação Superior e o Novo Perfil Dos Estudantes
Authors: Duarte Ana Lúcia Cunha , Sousa José Vieira de , Peixoto Maria do Carmo de Lacerda , Meneghel Stela Maria
Published: November 2024

O artigo problematiza as práticas de gestão e acadêmicas relacionadas tanto à qualidade quanto à inclusão desse novo perfil nos cursos de graduação. A pesquisa está fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica e normativas das políticas de avaliação e regulação. No nível nacional, mostra a centralidade dos indicadores de qualidade do Enade na avaliação e regulação dos cursos e IES. No nível institucional, as evidências indicam que esses resultados são pouco utilizados numa gestão pedagógica que inclua o novo perfil dos estudantes.
Hybrid education in higher education regulations and academic literature: absence and polysemia
Authors: Martins Wanessa Renault , Carvalho Jaciara de Sá
Published: November 2024

The expression “hybrid” began to be adopted in Brazilian education withgreater emphasis since the global pandemic in 2020/21, urging a need for studiesdiscussing it. In this regard, this article presents a mapping of the presence andconceptions of Hybrid Education in regulations and in the Brazilian academicliterature, pointing out approximation and distancing to similar terms. In general,the expression “hybrid” refers to a form of organization of the educationalprocess but does not appear in higher education regulations. Polysemy would be acharacteristic of the expression, also derived from others in the area.A expressão “híbrido/a” vem sendo muito utilizada, mas não apareceria em normativas da Educação Superior e se mistura a outras da área. Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre a presença e as concepções de Ensino Híbrido em regulamentações e na literatura acadêmica brasileira, a partir de levantamento de artigos e de livros, considerando aproximações e distanciamentos com termos similares. Em geral, a expressão “híbrido” se refere a uma forma de organização do processo educativo, com exceção do texto divulgado pelo CNE para consulta pública que foca a “aprendizagem híbrida” e pode direcionar normativas.
Education funding, FUNDEB and the right to education: public education of quality and with public management
Authors: Fernandes Dourado Luiz , Pinho de  Araújo Walisson Maurício
Published: November 2024

This article aims to discuss the relationship between financing and the right toeducation, with special emphasis on the financing of elementary education, through the analysisof the approval and regulation process of the permanent FUNDEB, an accounting fund. In thiscontext, when analyzing the complexity of this agenda, the clashes within the scope of educationpolicies and management in Brazil are located, especially around the approval of the permanentFundeb and the advances and limits placed on its regulation and effective materialization,aiming at guaranteeing the basic public education of social quality, and with the public, free anddemocratic management.
 
Este artigo se propõe a discutir a relação entre o financiamento e o direito à educação, com especial destaque para o financiamento da educação básica, por meio da análise do processo de aprovação e regulamentação do FUNDEB permanente, fundo de natureza contábil. Neste contexto, ao analisar a complexidade desta agenda situa-se os embates no âmbito das políticas e gestão da educação no Brasil, sobretudo em torno da aprovação do Fundeb permanente e dos avanços e limites interpostos à sua regulamentação e efetiva materialização visando a garantia de educação básica de qualidade social, pública e com gestão pública, gratuita e democrática.
O programa Escolas do Amanhã na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: qual o seu significado, considerando o que diz Cláudia Costin, a secretária municipal de educação (2009-2014)?
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Bruno Adriano , Gawryszewski Bruno , Kipper Putzke Camila
Published: November 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de conferir significado ao Programa Escolas do Amanhã, considerando uma entrevista com a Secretária de Educação do Rio de Janeiro durante os anos de 2009 a 2014, Cláudia Costin, o que justifica a realização da pesquisa, guardada a importância administrativa do cargo, além da própria necessidade de avaliação da política educacional brasileira. Com base no método hermenêutico-dialético, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa em que a descrição e a análise dos dizeres da secretária revelou que o programa atendeu a uma gestão empresarial na educação do município, o que não deve ser compreendido como uma ação eficiente da prefeitura.
Ensino superior e desenvolvimento regional: um estudo dos métodos quantitativos utilizados em pesquisas científicas
Authors: Borba Pricila Cardoso , Soares Sandro Vieira , Martins Cristina , Casagrande Jacir Leonir , Machado Sibeli Cardoso Borba , Nunes Nei Antonio , Mazon Gisele
Published: November 2024

A pesquisa objetiva conhecer o panorama dos métodos quantitativos utilizados em pesquisas sobre o Ensino Superior e o Desenvolvimento Regional. Aplicou-se a metodologia Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist (Proknow-C) para a seleção de artigos nacionais, culminando num Portfólio Bibliográfico (PB) de 24 artigos científicos alinhados à pesquisa. Como principais resultados tem-se: as Correlações (Pearson, Spearman) e Estatística Descritiva como métodos quantitativos mais utilizados; a predominância da utilização da escala de mensuração em formato Likert e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal como variável mais estudada.
Financeirização e educação superior a distância no Brasil: análise da atuação da Unopar
Authors: Guimarães André Rodrigues , Araújo Rhoberta Santana de
Published: November 2024

A expansão da oferta da educação a distância (EaD) da holding Cogna Educação é o escopo deste trabalho, que analisa o movimento de ampliação da oferta educativa da Universidade Pitágoras Unopar Anhanguera, nas regiões geográficas do Brasil, no período de 2011-2022. O enfoque epistemológico está assentado no materialismo histórico-dialético e os dados são do Censo da Educação Superior. Os resultados indicam o avanço da financeirização do ensino superior, associado ao aumento das matrículas nos cursos a distância, e a respectiva redução das matrículas presenciais. Assim, a EaD ganha centralidade nas estratégias da holding analisada para ampliação de suas taxas de lucro.
Financeirização e assetização da e na educação básica: análise da literatura em publicações internacionais
Authors: Adrião Theresa , Quibao José , Mori Andrey da Silva
Published: November 2024

O objetivo do artigo é sistematizar o tratamento dado pela literatura contemporânea internacional e nacional aos processos de financeirização e assetização na educação. Entende-se financeirização como um novo padrão de acumulação, cuja principal característica é a busca pela lucratividade do capital via adoção de mecanismos financeiros com vistas a ganhos de capital futuros (Kippner, 2005), perspectiva estendida ao setor educacional. Para entender o atual cenário da produção científica, analisaram-se 57 estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2023 identificados nas plataformas Scopus e Web of Science. Com foco na educação básica, os dados bibliométricos foram tratados pelo software VOSviewer, cotejando com os resultados de Palludeto e Felipini (2019), e a análise qualitativa considerou a natureza e metodologia informada, campo empírico analisado, referencial teórico e posicionamento dos autores. Identificou-se que este é um campo de pesquisa em construção e diversificado em temas. A maioria dos trabalhos analisam os fenômenos como expressão da “financeirização” se comparada à “assetização”; ainda, observou-se concentração de publicações por autores vinculados a instituições localizadas em países de capitalismo central. Por fim, concluiu-se que 82% das pesquisas são de cunho qualitativo e ensaístico, com metodologias de natureza exploratória; e 81% dos autores assumem perspectiva crítica sobre os processos analisados.
Public opinion analysis for moderate religious: Social media data mining approach
Authors: Mudhofi M. , Supena Ilyas , Karim Abdul , Safrodin Safrodin , Solahuddin Solahuddin
Published: November 2024

Purpose - This paper aims to elaborate discourses of religious moderation on social media in terms of perceptions of netizen’s responding to the values of religious moderation.Method - This study uses text mining to interpret and categorize comments from Twitter about the values of moderation. In addition, sentiment analysis used to capture the number of positive and negative words in each tweet. Data analysis was used to extract and explore the dominant Twitter users' emotions around the values of moderation.Result  -  Sentiment analysis results indicate the variance of Twitter users' public participation in providing perceptions of religious or religious moderation values. The variance of public views of Twitter users on the issue of religious moderation content shows that positive sentiment is higher than negative sentiment.Implication – This research contributes to the study of religious moderation more broadly by understanding how social media users perceive and showing how machine learning (text mining) can help better understand concepts related to the values of moderation.Originality - This study presents a new methodology and analytical approach to investigating moderate religious in social media conversations, which brings together a multidisciplinary knowledge of technology, data science and religious studies. This research is the first study that used data mining approach to public opinion analysis for moderate religious in Indonesia.***Tujuan -  Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi wacana moderasi beragama di media sosial ditinjau dari persepsi warganet dalam menyikapi nilai-nilai moderasi beragama.Metode - Penelitian ini menggunakan text mining untuk menginterpretasikan dan mengkategorikan komentar dari Twitter tentang nilai moderasi. Selain itu, analisis sentimen digunakan untuk menangkap jumlah kata positif dan negatif di setiap tweet. Analisis data digunakan untuk mengekstraksi dan mengeksplorasi emosi pengguna Twitter yang dominan seputar nilai moderasi.Hasil - Hasil analisis sentimen menunjukkan adanya variansi partisipasi masyarakat pengguna Twitter dalam memberikan persepsi terhadap agama atau nilai moderasi beragama. Variasi pandangan masyarakat pengguna Twitter terhadap isu konten moderasi beragama menunjukkan bahwa sentimen positif lebih tinggi daripada sentimen negatif.Implikasi – Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada kajian moderasi beragama secara lebih luas dengan memahami bagaimana persepsi pengguna media sosial dan menunjukkan bagaimana machine learning (text mining) dapat membantu lebih memahami konsep yang berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai moderasi.Orisinalitas - Studi ini menyajikan metodologi baru dan pendekatan analitis untuk menyelidiki agama moderat dalam percakapan media sosial, yang menyatukan pengetahuan multidisiplin teknologi, ilmu data, dan studi agama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pertama yang menggunakan pendekatan data mining untuk analisis opini publik terhadap agama moderat di Indonesia.