bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mulheres nas Ciências como temática para uma Feira de Ciência: investigando perspectivas de estudantes do Ensino Médio relacionadas a algumas pós-verdades
Authors: Oliveira Leandro , Santos Monique , Bicalho Helen , Justi Rosária
Published: December 2020

Na maioria das vezes, a estratégia de ensino baseada em Feiras de Ciências é vista como um evento que se resume à apresentação de trabalhos relacionados às disciplinas da área de Ciências feitos por estudantes, muitas vezes em espaços fora das salas de aula. Porém, perspectivas mais contemporâneas sugerem que tal estratégia seja compreendida como o desenvolvimento de processos integrados ao currículo escolar regular, de modo a promover o acesso a informações e à construção de conhecimentos em diferentes espaços, e resultando em situações de divulgação científica para a escola e a comunidade externa. Sob essa perspectiva, e considerando o contexto atual de ampla divulgação de pós-verdades, buscamos compreender o papel de uma Feira de Ciências com a temática Mulheres nas Ciências, desenvolvida em uma escola da Rede Estadual situada em uma grande cidade do Sudeste do Brasil, na relativização de “verdades” relacionadas a tal temática. Além disso, buscamos investigar as contribuições da participação na mesma para alguns estudantes participantes, entrevistados no dia da divulgação dos resultados para a comunidade externa, em termos de formação de opiniões públicas sobre ciências. Os resultados indicam que Feiras de Ciências podem contribuir para o aprendizado e a tomada de consciência de estudantes sobre pós-verdades frequentes na sociedade atual.
Reflexões sobre o conceito de Autonomia para o Ensino de Ciências: elementos da filosofia de Cornelius Castoriadis como fundamento para a crítica da pós-verdade
Authors: Monteiro Midiã Medeiros , Silva Márcia Gorette Lima da
Published: December 2020

Um importante aspecto que diz respeito ao Ensino de Ciências (EC) e que acreditamos permanecer com lacunas a serem preenchidas diz respeito ao seu objetivo. Este artigo tem como foco discutir a autonomia como um objetivo para o EC, esta pensada à luz da perspectiva filosófica de Cornelius Castoriadis.  Em concreto, nos propomos reflexões em três direções, inicialmente interrogar a concepção de formação humana e o objetivo do EC apontando a autonomia como um sentido para pensar esta formação; em seguida, apresentar a perspectiva filosófica de Cornelius Castoriadis e o seu Projeto de Autonomia, considerando sobretudo os conceitos de imaginário, imaginação e instituições sociais, sustentando que a criticidade figura como um de seus elementos constitutivos e; por fim, defender a ideia de que essa perspectiva pode contribuir para a reflexão sobre o EC na superação da ideia de pós-verdade. É na análise crítica das afirmações de conhecimento que situamos a autonomia, podendo parecer paradoxal pensá-la em oposição a pós-verdade quando se concebe nela uma possível relativização da verdade, mas que enseja uma crítica a verdade.
Algorithm for Counting Cars in Large-scale Video Surveillance Systems
Authors: Shirokov Arsenii , Kuplyakov Denis , Konushin Anton
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of counting cars in large-scale video surveillance systems. The proposed method is based on car tracking and counting the number of tracks intersecting the given signal line. We use a distributed tracking algorithm. It reduces the amount of necessary computational resources and increases performance up to realtime by detecting vehicles in a sparse set of frames. We adapted and modified the approach previously proposed for people tracking. Proposed improvement of the speed estimation module and refinement of the motion model reduced the detection frequency by 3 times. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm allows reaching an acceptable counting quality with a detection frequency of 3 Hz.
Possibilities of Digital Control and Classification of Grain Crops
Authors: Troshkin D. , Chertov A. , Gorbunova E. , Alyokhin A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the research results on determining the quality parameters of wheat and malting barley by computer vision, confirming the possibility of switching from subjective visual analysis to digital control.
Computer-aided Metals' Microstructure Analysis. Analysis of images featuring sample preparation defects
Authors: Sivkova Tatiana , Gubarev Semyon , Kamenin Igor
Published: December 2020

Authors return to the topic of the article presented at Graphicon-2019 and review the issues of recognizing material microstructure elements, most common problems, recognition errors, and resolving the issues. Authors present methods for reconstructing particle shapes after the removal of image artifacts and separation of touching particles. The article includes examples of applying developed algorithms for analyzing particles present in graphite microstructure in cast iron and for analysis of powder particles. The article also demonstrates the possibilities of applying quantitative analysis methods for images, including defects.
Correlation of red cell indices and hemoglobin concentration with serum ferritin among iron deficiency anemia patients
Authors: Sharanya Raj N. L , Ajay Sharma U , Revathi Devi M. L , Purushothama S. M , Manjunath S. N , Shashidhar H. B
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Iron deficiency anemia is the commonest cause of anemia in developing country like India in all age groups. It is most easy to prevent as well as to treat. Its diagnosis and treatment are based on serum ferritin levels in developed countries which is not possible in India at primary healthcare setting. This study was undertaken to explore if red cell indices could replace serum ferritin in detecting iron deficiency.

Materials and Methods: Study of association of red cell indices like Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Red cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Hemoglobin concentration (Hb%) with iron deficiency anemia and the correlation of these Red cell indices and Hb% with serum ferritin was done in 220 anemia patients of all age groups with Hb% <12g/dL.

Results: Descriptive data showed skewed distribution of serum ferritin. Statistically significant reduction in all red cell indices values among iron deficiency anemia patients and statistically significant correlation of all red cell indices values except red cell distribution width with serum ferritin was found.

Conclusion: Unlike developed countries we can use simple estimation of hemoglobin concentration along with red cell indices for diagnosing iron deficiency anemia in primary healthcare setting of India.
Contraceptive preferences for birth spacing among married women of reproductive age group in a semi urban area near Chennai- A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jain Timsi , Mohan Yogesh , Sanchana A , Aanandita K , Aanchal R
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Adequate birth spacing has proved to be an important factor in reducing both Maternal and Childhood mortality and morbidity. According to NFHS 4 data currently in India only 2/3rd of the births are having spacing of more than 2 years. Therefore this study was planned to find out the awareness and practice of birth spacing among Married women residing in asemiurban area near Chennai.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 115 married women of Reproductive age group. Pretested and predesigned semi structured Questionnaire was used to collect data on Awareness and practice regarding birth spacing. Data was analysed using proportions.

Results: 96.5% women considered birth spacing as a good practice, 71.3% women had knowledge regarding birth spacing methods. 31.6% women practiced spacing after their first child. IUCDs was the most preferred method adopted. Lack of awareness regarding contraceptives followed by fear of complications was the major reason for not adopting spacing methods.

Conclusion: Attitude regarding spacing was found to be good but knowledge and practice were less. It is high time that New contraceptives like injectable DMPA, POP and Centchroman be introduced in all the health facilities and people should be made aware of all the available methods.
Design, analysis, fabrication and testing of PC porous scaffolds using rapid prototyping in clinical applications
Authors: Thavasiappan Kumaresan , Venkatesan Mohan Sivakumar , Ariffuddeen Mohamed , Ponnuchamy Onishi , Ravichandran Naveen , Murugesan Gunaseelan
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Rapid prototyping is an advanced fabricating method, where three dimensional objects are built precisely from their three-dimensional computer aided design models in a very short duration. In contrast to traditional machining methods, most of the rapid prototyping techniques tend to fabricate parts based on additive manufacturing process. Fabrication of biomaterial into 3-D scaffold structures is the next vital step in the development of bone implants depending on bone injuries of individual patients, and it is highly demanding among the Indian orthopedic surgeons for treating those bone related defects. Therefore, the need for reliable and economically feasible design, better biomaterials, and efficient fabrication method for scaffold to treat musculoskeletal defects has increased in recent years.

Materials and Methods: Investigation of scaffold for porous structured bone implant is a recently emerging field in medicine and is involved in developing artificial bones like structure using materials like Tri Calcium Phosphate (TCP), Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), Hydroxyapatite (HA), Polycaprolactone, polycarbonate (PC), poly (l-lactide) PLLA or Polyamide (PA) etc., by incorporating pores in the scaffold. In this research, the samples of the scaffold specimens were designed and fabricated using Stereo lithography technique with biocompatible PC resin and the strength of each sample were analyzed.

Results: The porous scaffold models are structured with different designs utilizing the CAD software. The porous scaffold with various porosity and pore shape is analyzed through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). StereolithographyViperSi2 method was utilized to manufacture the polycarbonate scaffold. The manufactured rhombus pore model shows the stress value esteems around 200 MPa¸ which is nearest to the compressive strength of human bone. Subsequently the rhombus pore model gives better mechanical load bearing capacity when implanted for tissue recovery in bones.

Conclusion: Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate material give better surface completion, 100% pore interconnectivity and new tissue arrangement of the fabricated porous scaffold. The SLA technique offers the more noteworthy load bearing quality and great exactness of the fabricated scaffold.
Folic acid and vitamin B12 ameliorate nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in rats
Authors: Ray Dibyendu , Bhattacharjee Ankita , Banerjee Oly , Prasad Shilpi Kumari , Singh Siddhartha , Maji Bithin Kumar , Samanta Amalendu , Mondal Amal Chandra , Mukherjee Sandip
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Cigarette smoking, one of the fundamental roots of preventable morbidity, has a myriad of notorious effects. Nicotine is the most bountiful and symbolic constituent of cigarette smoke. The liaison between smoking and infertility has been investigated for decades; but it’s still dubious whether the noxious effects of cigarette smoking on testis and sperm characteristics are by virtue of nicotine. Therefore, the current study interrogated the ameliorative effects of folic acid and vitamin B12 on nicotine induced catastrophe in testicular tissue and sperm characters in male albino rats.

Materials and Methods: Rats were treated with nicotine (3 mg/kg body weight/day, intraperitoneal) with or without folic acid (36µg/kg body weight/day, orally) and vitamin B12 (0.63µg/kg body weight/ day, orally) for 21 days. Sperm qualities were analyzed for motility and morphology. Various oxidative and anti- oxidative stress parameters, pro inflammatory cytokines levels, hormonal assays were performed.

Results: Findings marked that nicotine caused degenerative changes in the testicular tissue. Supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 reversed these results along with suppressing the nicotine induced changes in TNF- ?, IL-6, and markers of oxidative stress. Moreover, folic acid and vitamin B12 in combination also significantly blunted the altered activities of testicular key androgenic enzymes, plasma levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH following nicotine exposure.

Conclusion: In closure, testimonies manifested that folic acid and vitamin B12 may act as plausible strategy against oxidative stress, which is a pivotal step in nicotine-induced reproductive toxicity, and bettering functional status of testicular tissue by scavenging free radicals and hindering the generation of pro- inflammatory cytokines.
Multiple variants of oral candidiasis as a predictor for HIV/AIDS diagnosis-A case report
Authors: Jayapriya Ramadurai , Uma Maheswari T.N. , Mukundh Chaithanya V
Published: December 2020

Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus infection. History, clinical examination, investigation and diagnosis of oral candidiasis is important for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection. Pseudomembranous candidiasis and erythematous candidiasis are associated with immune compromised state and so it is of prognostic significance like reduction in the viral load and CD4 positive T lymphocytes. In this case report, we present a case of a 34-year-old physically challenged asymptomatic male who came for replacement of mandibular anterior tooth who was diagnosed with all four common variants of oral candidiasis which predicted HIV infection. Quality of life of the patient was improved after the diagnosis and treatment.
Green synthesis of less toxic Selenium nanoparticles: Their antibacterial, antioxidant and catalytic activity
Authors: Ranjith K. , Abishad P. M. , Namratha K. , Byrappa K. , Srinath B. S.
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles is an important branch of nanobiotechnology. In recent years, microbial biosynthesis of nanoparticles is gaining importance due to its simplicity and eco-friendliness.

Materials and Methods: In this study, Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) were synthesized by using the fungi  Fusarium sp. isolated from agricultural soil. Mycosynthesized Se NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrometer and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis. Further biosynthesized Se NPs screened for different biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, hemolysis, cytotoxicity and catalytic activity.

Results: Synthesis Se NPs was preliminary observed by a color change from pale yellow to orange red color and confirmed by UV peak at 342 nm. The DLS result shows the particles size ranges from 19 to 43 nm.The obtained result showed that the synthesized Se NPs possess good antibacterial activity against human pathogens such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumonia. Further biogenic Se NPs showed less cytotoxicity on yeast cells and slight hemolysis.

Conclusion: The synthesized Se NPs have good antioxidant property and antibacterial activity with less haemolytic property these properties lead to use of Se NPs in different biomedical applications. This Se NPs Also showed an efficient catalytic activity by degrading hazardous dyes such as methylene blue and bromothymol blue.
- Adaptações de Lápis para Usuários com Sequela de Paralisia Cerebral Discinética: Um Estudo Sobre a Usabilidade do Produto
Authors: Juliana Juliana , Neto Barroso Patrícia , Bezerra Martins Laura
Published: December 2020

A aplicação e o estudo do Design para suprir as necessidades gerais das pessoas, incluindo os indivíduos com deficiência, bem como suas necessidades específicas, apoia- -se no campo do Design Inclusivo e Design Universal, também denominado como “Design For All”, que tiveram origens diferentes, mas têm o mesmo objetivo: desenvolver produtos, ambientes e sistemas em resposta à diversidade da população, suas habilidades e suas limitações. Para responder a essa demanda, torna-se fundamental conhecer a funcionalidade do usuário ao qual se propõe o produto, o que explica a importância da interdisciplinaridade, a participação do usuário e de sua família.
Spatial	and temporal variability of the	hydroxyl radical: Understanding	the role of large-scale climate features	and their influence on OH through its dynamical and photochemical drivers
Authors: Anderson Daniel C. , Duncan Bryan N. , Fiore Arlene M. , Baublitz Colleen B. , Follette-Cook Melanie B. , Nicely Julie M. , Wolfe Glenn M.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary atmospheric oxidant, responsible for removing many important trace gases, including methane, from the atmosphere. Although robust relationships between OH drivers and modes of climate variability have been shown, the underlying mechanisms between OH and these climate modes, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we use a chemical transport model to perform a 38-year simulation of atmospheric chemistry, in conjunction with satellite observations, to understand the relationship between tropospheric OH and ENSO, Northern Hemispheric modes of variability, the Indian Ocean Dipole, and monsoons. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and regression analyses show that ENSO is the dominant mode of global OH variability in the tropospheric column and upper troposphere, responsible for approximately 30 % of the total variance in boreal winter. Reductions in OH due to ENSO are centered over the tropical Pacific and Australia and can be as high as 10–15 % in the tropospheric column. The relationship between ENSO and OH is driven by changes in nitrogen oxides in the upper troposphere and changes in water vapor and O1D in the lower troposphere. While the spatial scale of the relationship between monsoons, other modes of variability, and OH are much smaller than ENSO, local changes in OH can be significantly larger than those caused by ENSO. These relationships also occur in multiple models that participated in the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), suggesting that the dependence of OH interannual variability on these well-known modes of climate variability is robust. Finally, modeled relationships between ENSO and OH drivers – such as carbon monoxide, water vapor, and lightning – closely agree with satellite observations. The ability of satellite products to capture the relationship between OH drivers and ENSO provides an avenue to an indirect OH observation strategy and new constraints on OH variability.
Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes dominate the emissions of
downy birches
Authors: Hellén Heidi , Praplan Arnaud P. , Tykkä Toni , Helin Aku , Schallhart Simon , Schiestl-Aalto Piia P. , Bäck Jaana , Hakola Hannele
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Even though isoprene and monoterpene (MT) emissions of boreal needle trees have been studied quite intensively, there is less knowledge on the emissions of broadleaved deciduous trees and emissions of larger terpenes and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). Here we studied the downy birch (Betula pubescens) leaf emissions of terpenes, OVOCs and green leaf volatiles (GLVs) at the SMEAR II boreal forest site using in situ gas chromatographs with mass spectrometers in 2017 and 2019. The highest emissions were detected during the early growing season, indicating that bud break and early leaf growth are a strong source of these compounds. Sesquiterpenes (SQTs) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OSQTs) were the main emitted compounds almost throughout the summer. Mean emissions (averaged over bud break/early/main and late growing season) of SQTs and OSQTs were 5–690 and 46–650 ng gdw−1 h−1, respectively. Isoprene emissions were very low or below detection limits (seasonal means
Increase of secondary organic aerosol over four years in an urban
environment
Authors: Via Marta , Minguillón María Cruz , Reche Cristina , Querol Xavier , Alastuey Andrés
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The evolution of fine aerosol (PM1) species as well as the contribution of potential sources to the total organic aerosol (OA) at an urban background site (Palau Reial, PR, 80 m a.s.l) in the western Mediterranean basin (WMB) was investigated. For this purpose, an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed to acquire real-time measurements for two one-year periods: May 2014–May 2015 (period A) and Sep 2017–Oct 2018 (period B). Total PM1 concentrations showed a slight decrease (from 10.1 to 9.6 µg · m−3 from A to B), although the relative contribution of both inorganic and organic compounds varied significantly. Regarding inorganic compounds, SO42−, black carbon and NH4+ showed a significant decrease from period A to B, whilst NO3− concentration was found higher in B. Source apportionment revealed OA was 46 % and 70 % of secondary origin (SOA) in periods A and B, respectively. Two oxygenated secondary sources (OOA) were differentiated by their oxidation status (i.e. aging): less-oxidized (LO-OOA) and more-oxidized (MO-OOA). Disregarding winter periods, where LO-OOA production is not favoured, LO-OOA transformation into MO-OOA was found more effective in period B. The highest MO-OOA-to-LO-OOA ratio (1.5) was found in September–October 2018, implying an accumulation effect after the high temperature and solar radiation conditions in the summer season. In addition, SOA was found sensitive to a NOx-polluted ambient and to other pollutants, especially to ozone, which could be enhancing its production specially during afternoon hours. The anthropogenic primary OA sources identified, cooking-like OA (COA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), and biomass burning OA (BBOA), decreased from period A to B in both absolute concentrations and relative contribution (as a whole, 44 % and 40 %, respectively). However, their concentrations and proportion to OA grow rapidly during highly-polluted episodes. The influence of certain atmospheric episodes on OA sources was also assessed. Both SOA factors seem linked with long and medium-range circulations, especially those coming from inland Europe and the Mediterranean (triggering mainly MO-OOA) and summer breeze-driven regional circulation (triggering mainly LO-OOA). In contrast, POA pollution is enhanced either during air-cleaning episodes or stagnation anticyclonic events.
Aqueous particle generation with a 3D printed nebulizer
Authors: Rösch Michael , Cziczo Daniel J.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In this study, we describe the design and testing of a
high-output-stability, constant-liquid-feed nebulizer using the Venturi
principle to generate liquid particles from solutions. This atomizer, the
PRinted drOpleT Generator (PROTeGE), was manufactured using stereolithography
(SLA) printing. Different concentrations of ammonium sulfate solutions were
used to characterize the size and number concentration of the generated
particles. A comparison of a 3D printed 0.5 mm orifice against a
commercially available 0.5 mm brass orifice using the same ammonium sulfate
solution was also performed. The particle number concentration generated
with the printed orifice was higher, by ∼×2, than the
particle number concentration generated with the brass orifice. PROTeGE is also capable of dispersing polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres for
calibration purposes. The particle number concentrations obtained in this
study ranged from ∼ 10 000 cm−3 for 0.75 µm to
∼ 100 cm−3 for 5.0 µm PSL particles with a
dependence on the concentration of the dispersed solution. For the different
concentrated ammonium sulfate solutions particle number concentrations from
∼ 14 000 cm−3 for 0.1 g L−1 to 7600 cm−3 for
5.0 g L−1 were measured. An additional measurement with a scanning
electrical mobility system (SEMS) was performed for the 0.6 g L−1
solution to measure particles in the size range of 10 to 1000 nm. The
generated particle number size distributions (PNSDs) showed a maximum at 50 nm with particle number concentrations of ∼ 40 000 cm−3.
PROTeGE is easy to manufacture and operate, low in maintenance, and
cost-effective for laboratory and field generation of particles from aqueous
media in a size range of 10 to 5000 nm.
Absolute calibration method for frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) cloud radars based on corner reflectors
Authors: Toledo Felipe , Delanoë Julien , Haeffelin Martial , Dupont Jean-Charles , Jorquera Susana , Le Gac Christophe
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This article presents a new cloud radar calibration methodology using solid reference reflectors mounted on masts, developed during two field experiments held in 2018 and 2019 at the Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique (SIRTA) atmospheric observatory, located in Palaiseau, France, in the framework of the Aerosol Clouds Trace gases Research InfraStructure version 2 (ACTRIS-2) research and innovation program. The experimental setup includes 10 and 20 cm triangular trihedral targets installed at the top of 10 and 20 m masts, respectively. The 10 cm target is mounted on a pan-tilt motor at the top of the 10 m mast to precisely align its boresight with the radar beam. Sources of calibration bias and uncertainty are identified and quantified. Specifically, this work assesses the impact of receiver compression, temperature variations inside the radar, frequency-dependent losses in the receiver's intermediate frequency (IF), clutter and experimental setup misalignment. Setup misalignment is a source of bias, previously undocumented in the literature, that can have an impact of the order of tenths of a decibel in calibration retrievals of W-band radars. A detailed analysis enabled the quantification of the importance of each uncertainty source to the final cloud radar calibration uncertainty. The dominant uncertainty source comes from the uncharacterized reference target which reached 2 dB. Additionally, the analysis revealed that our 20 m mast setup with an approximate alignment approach is preferred to the 10 m mast setup with the motor-driven alignment system. The calibration uncertainty associated with signal-to-clutter ratio of the former is 10 times smaller than for the latter. Following the proposed methodology, it is possible to reduce the added contribution from all uncertainty terms, excluding the target characterization, down to 0.4 dB. Therefore, this procedure should enable the achievement of calibration uncertainties under 1 dB when characterized reflectors are available. Cloud radar calibration results are found to be repeatable when comparing results from a total of 18 independent tests. Once calibrated, the cloud radar provides valid reflectivity values when sampling midtropospheric clouds. Thus, we conclude that the method is repeatable and robust, and that the uncertainties are precisely characterized. The method can be implemented under different configurations as long as the proposed principles are respected. It could be extended to reference reflectors held by other lifting devices such as tethered balloons or unmanned aerial vehicles.
Reduced growth with increased quotas of particulate organic and inorganic carbon in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi under future ocean climate change conditions
Authors: Zhang Yong , Collins Sinéad , Gao Kunshan
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Effects of ocean acidification and warming on marine primary producers can be modulated by other
environmental factors, such as levels of nutrients and light. Here, we investigated the
interactive effects of five oceanic environmental drivers (CO2, temperature, light,
dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate) on the growth rate, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) quotas of the cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. The population growth rate increased with increasing temperature (16 to
20 ∘C) and light intensities (60 to
240 µmolphotonsm-2s-1) but decreased with elevated pCO2
concentrations (370 to 960 µatm) and reduced availability of nitrate (24.3 to
7.8 µmol L−1) and phosphate (1.5 to 0.5 µmol L−1). POC quotas were
predominantly enhanced by the combined effects of increased pCO2 and decreased
availability of phosphate. PIC quotas increased with decreased availability of nitrate and
phosphate. Our results show that concurrent changes in nutrient concentrations and
pCO2 levels predominantly affected the growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and
calcification of E. huxleyi and imply that plastic responses to progressive ocean
acidification, warming, and decreasing availability of nitrate and phosphate reduce the population
growth rate while increasing cellular quotas of particulate organic and inorganic carbon of
E. huxleyi, ultimately affecting coccolithophore-related ecological and biogeochemical
processes.
Cushion bog plant community responses to passive warming in
southern Patagonia
Authors: Pancotto Verónica , Holl David , Escobar Julio , Castagnani María Florencia , Kutzbach Lars
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Vascular plant-dominated cushion bogs, which are exclusive to the southern hemisphere, are highly productive and constitute large sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide compared to their moss-dominated counterparts around the globe. In this study, we experimentally investigated how a cushion bog plant community responded to elevated surface temperature conditions as they are predicted to occur in a future climate. We conducted the study in a cushion bog dominated by Astelia pumila on Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. We installed a year-round passive warming experiment using semicircular plastic walls that raised average near-surface air temperatures between 0.4 °C and 0.7 °C (n = 3). We focused on characterizing differences in morphological cushion plant traits and in carbon dioxide exchange dynamics using chamber gas flux measurements. We used a mechanistic modeling approach to quantify physiological plant traits and to partition the net carbon dioxide flux into its two components photosynthesis and total ecosystem respiration. We found that A. pumila reduced its photosynthetic activity under elevated temperatures. At the same time, we observed enhanced respiration which we largely attribute, due to the limited effect of our passive warming on soil temperatures, to an increase in autotrophic respiration. Passively warmed A. pumila cushions sequestered between 55 % and 85 % less carbon dioxide than untreated control cushions over the main growing season. These results suggest that future warming could decrease the carbon sink function of austral cushion bogs.
10 years with planet Earth: the essence of primary school children's drawings
Authors: D'Addezio Giuliana
Published: December 2020

Abstract. “10 years with planet Earth” is the title of the calendar created for
primary schools, realized in 2016 by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia (INGV), the Italian Institute of Geophysical Research. The calendar is
the outcome of a project created to support and complement 15 years of
dissemination activities with schools. Each year for 10 years, we have
printed calendars that represented different subjects related to a world in
constant evolution. Each year we have launched a calendar competition among
schools, asking children to send in drawings related to the chosen theme.
The aim was to stimulate interest in learning about Earth sciences and
the dynamics of planet Earth, as well as to raise awareness of water resources
availability, the prevention of natural disasters and planet sustainability. We
have received about 10 000 drawings from students of more than 400 schools. For each yearly competition, we have chosen the most significant drawings and we have included them in the calendar. The creators of the drawings were awarded by scientists, journalists, artists, science communicators and even by a government minister. In addition to the competition, the drawings reflect impressions and thoughts and illustrate the children's point of view. From the images, one can feel great sensitivity, consideration, responsiveness and respect for the planet as well as positive feelings towards science.
Performance of MAR (v3.11) in simulating the drifting-snow climate
and surface mass balance of Adelie Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Amory Charles , Kittel Christoph , Le Toumelin Louis , Agosta Cécile , Delhasse Alison , Favier Vincent , Fettweis Xavier
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Drifting snow, or the wind-driven transport of snow particles and their concurrent sublimation, is a poorly documented process on the Antarctic ice sheet, inherently lacking in most climate models. Since drifting snow mostly results from erosion of surface particles, a comprehensive evaluation of this process in climate models requires a concurrent assessment of simulated transport and the surface mass balance (SMB). In this paper a new version of the drifting-snow scheme currently embedded in the regional climate model MAR (v3.11) is extensively described. Several important modifications relative to previous version have been implemented and include notably a parameterisation for drifting-snow compaction, differentiated snow density at deposition between precipitation and drifting snow, and a rewriting of the threshold friction velocity for snow erosion. Model results at high resolution (10 km) over Adelie Land, East Antarctica, for the period 2004–2018 are presented and evaluated against available near-surface meteorological observations at half-hourly resolution and annual SMB estimates. MAR resolves the local drifting-snow frequency and transport up the scale of the drifting-snow event and captures the resulting observed climate and SMB variability. This suggests that this model version can be used for continent-wide applications, and that the approach of drifting-snow physics as proposed in MAR can serve as a basis for implementation in earth system models.
Grid-Stretching Capability for the GEOS-Chem 13.0.0 Atmospheric
Chemistry Model
Authors: Bindle Liam , Martin Randall V. , Cooper Matthew J. , Lundgren Elizabeth W. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Auer Benjamin M. , Clune Thomas L. , Weng Hongjian , Lin Jintai , Murray Lee T. , Meng Jun , Keller Christoph A. , Pawson Steven , Jacob Daniel J.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Modeling atmospheric chemistry at fine resolution globally is computationally expensive; the capability to focus on specific geographic regions using a multiscale grid is desirable. Here, we develop, validate, and demonstrate stretched-grids in the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model in its high performance implementation (GCHP). These multiscale grids are specified at runtime by four parameters that offer users nimble control of the region that is refined and the resolution of the refinement. We validate the stretched-grid simulation versus global cubed-sphere simulations. We demonstrate the operation and flexibility of stretched-grid simulations with two case studies that compare simulated tropospheric NO2 column densities from stretched-grid and cubed-sphere simulations to retrieved column densities from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). The first case study uses a stretched-grid with a broad refinement covering the contiguous US to produce simulated columns that perform similarly to a C180 (~50 km) cubed-sphere simulation at less than one-ninth the computational expense. The second case study experiments with a large stretch-factor for a global stretched-grid simulation with a highly localized refinement with ~10 km resolution for California. We find that the refinement improves spatial agreement with TROPOMI columns compared to a C90 cubed-sphere simulation of comparable computational demands, despite conducting the simulation at a finer resolution than parent meteorological fields. Overall we find that stretched-grids in GEOS-Chem are a practical tool for fine resolution regional- or continental-scale simulations of atmospheric chemistry. Stretched-grids are available in GEOS-Chem version 13.0.0.
Moisture sources contribute to precipitation change in the Three
Gorges Reservoir Region during 1979–2015
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Chenghao , Peng Hui , Xiao Shangbin , Yan Denghua
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Precipitation change in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) plays a critical role in the operation and regulation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) as well as the protection of residents and properties. The potential impacts of the TGD on local and regional circulation patterns, especially the precipitation patterns, have received considerable attention since its construction. However, how the moisture transport affects the precipitation change in the TGRR spatially and temporally remains obscure. In this study, we investigate the long-term moisture sources of precipitation as well as their contributions to the precipitation change over the TGRR using an atmospheric moisture tracking model. Results suggest that although with seasonal variation, the moisture contributing to the TGRR precipitation primarily originate from the areas southwest of the TGRR dominated by the Indian summer monsoon. In particular, the sources with the highest annual moisture contribution are the southwestern part of the Yangtze River Basin and the southeastern tip of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). On average, 41 %, 56 %, and 3 % of the TGRR precipitation originate from ocean, land, and local recycling, respectively. In addition, the decreased precipitation over the TGRR during 1979–2015 is mainly attributed to the significantly decreased moisture contribution from the source regions southwest of the TGRR (especially around the southeastern tip of the TP). Compared to dry years, the higher precipitation in the TGRR during wet years is contributed by the extra moisture from the southwestern source regions delivered by the intensified southwesterly monsoon winds.
Controls of outbursts of moraine-dammed lakes in the greater
Himalayan region
Authors: Fischer Melanie , Korup Oliver , Veh Georg , Walz Ariane
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Glacial lakes in the Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalaya Nyainqentanglha (HKKHN) have grown rapidly in number and area in past decades, and some dozens have drained in catastrophic glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Estimating hazard from glacial lakes has largely relied on qualitative assessments and expert judgment, thus motivating a more systematic and quantitative appraisal. Before the backdrop of current climate-change projections and the potential of elevation-dependent warming, an objective and regionally consistent assessment is urgently needed. We use a comprehensive inventory of 3,390 moraine-dammed lakes and their documented outburst history in the past four decades to test whether elevation, lake area and its rate of change, glacier-mass balance, and monsoonality are useful inputs to a probabilistic classification model. We use these candidate predictors in four Bayesian multi-level logistic regression models to estimate the posterior susceptibility to GLOFs. We find that mostly larger lakes have been more prone to GLOFs in the past four decades, largely regardless of elevation band in which they occurred. We also find that including the regional average glacier-mass balance improves the model classification. In contrast, changes in lake area and monsoonality play ambiguous roles. Our study provides first quantitative evidence that GLOF susceptibility in the HKKHN scales with lake area, though less so with its dynamics. Our probabilistic prognoses offer some improvement with respect to a random classification based on average GLOF frequency. Yet they also reveal some major uncertainties that have remained largely unquantified previously and that challenge the applicability of single models. Ensembles of multiple models could be a viable alternative for more accurately classifying the susceptibility of moraine-dammed lakes to GLOFs.
Indexação de imagens digitais da área de Anatomia: a transposição de imagens para a escrita
Authors: Rezende Lorenna Cardoso , Ferreira Jussara Rocha , Manini Miriam Paula
Published: December 2020

Objetivo. Neste estudo exploratório, documentos e imagens do Museu de Anatomia Humana (MAH), Faculdade de Medicina (FM) da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil, foram indexados. Metodologia. Pesquisa descritiva, histórica e organizacional que tratou da definição dos descritores (metadados) para a indexação de 50 objetos do acervo do museu com a tipologia da história natural, área das ciências morfológicas, especialidade da anatomia humana. Para a análise qualitativa das imagens selecionadas, foi utilizada uma linguagem controlada de nomeação. Resultados. A análise documental das imagens digitais exigiu da equipe a busca de literatura específica que permitisse, ao mesmo tempo, a adaptação da transposição do visual para o verbal, preservando a precisão da linguagem científica ou anatômica de forma ordenada. Conclusões. A análise documental de imagens de corpos humanos e partes de corpos referentes a objetos da coleção HFA permitirá a recuperação rápida, confiável e precisa de informações pelos usuários que acessam o sistema.
PROCESINF:Oferta de información para la documentación audiovisual en televisoras locales
Authors: Hernández Alfonso Eduardo Alejandro , Pérez Cabrera Rachel Milagros , Paz Enrique Luis Ernesto
Published: December 2020

El diseño de ofertas de información centradas en el usuario favorece la satisfacción de los mismos. Se identificó que en los canales de televisión locales se realiza un incorrecto tratamiento de la documentación audiovisual, fundamentalmente por la carencia de personal especializado. Se plantean como objetivos del estudio: 1) diagnosticar las necesidades de información de los profesionales que laboran en televisoras locales cubanas, como vía para el diseño de una oferta de información que permita un adecuado tratamiento de la documentación audiovisual y 2) diseñar una oferta de información que facilite el tratamiento de la documentación audiovisual en las televisoras locales cubanas. Se identificaron las características de los usuarios potenciales para el diseño de la oferta de información denominada Procesinf. La oferta tiene como producto un manual de procedimiento sustentado en un servicio de formación de usuarios. Procesinf se diseña con la finalidad de realizar un adecuado tratamiento de la documentación audiovisual en televisoras locales. La oferta y la identidad visual de la misma fue evaluada mediante un test heurístico.
Juristocracia midiática
Authors: Klein Joel Thiago
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta o conceito de juristocracia midiática como uma categoria política que indica uma desfiguração dos ideais normativos de democracia e do estado de direito. Essa categoria se apresenta como o desenvolvimento, por um lado, do conceito de juristocracia analisado e elaborado por Hirschl e, por outro lado, da categoria de democracia plebiscitária analisada e elaborada por Urbinati. Argumenta-se que essa categoria permite enquadrar alguns dos problemas políticos pelos quais o Brasil vem passando na última década.
Nebulosa de Imunidades? Sobre estado de direito e democracia no pensamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Koerner Andrei , Costa Valeriano
Published: December 2020

O artigo propõe uma análise multidisciplinar sobre o pensamento jurídico, tendo como objetivo a reflexão crítica sobre os saberes e práticas jurídicos na sociedade brasileira. O artigo elabora inicialmente uma análise crítico-conceitual de trabalhos de Guillermo O´Donnell sobre estado de direito e democracia na América Latina. Em seguida, adota a noção de agregados jurídicos para apresentar distintas dimensões de pesquisas sócio-jurídicas sobre o direito. Enfim, usa a metáfora da nebulosa de imunidades para a proposta de discernir os atributos positivos do estado de direito no pensamento jurídico brasileiro e suas consequências para a democracia.
Democracia, tecnocracia e a questão da (im)parcialidade judicial
Authors: Consani Cristina Foroni
Published: December 2020

As sociedades contemporâneas se encontram diante de uma dupla relação entre o poder judiciário e a política: no âmbito normativo a imparcialidade figura como um pressuposto; no âmbito descritivo a imparcialidade não se configura. Este artigo analisa este descompasso entre os âmbitos normativo e descritivo da relação entre poder judiciário e política em três momentos: primeiramente, apresenta-se a distinção entre julgamentos políticos e julgamentos judiciais elaborada por Nadia Urbinati; em segundo lugar, a partir da obra de Jeremy Waldron, questiona-se a tese da imparcialidade judicial e apresenta-se a defesa feita pelo autor de um modelo de revisão judicial em sentido fraco; em terceiro lugar, também a partir da obra de Waldron, mostra-se como a atuação política do judiciário afeta o ideal de Estado de Direito.
As fontes democráticas do poder civil segundo Francisco Suárez
Authors: Storck Alfredo
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo destacar o contexto no qual a obra Defensio Fidei de Francisco Suárez foi elaborada. Após salientar alguns elementos centrais dos debates entre partidários do direito divino dos reis e defensores da origem democrática do poder civil, veremos as linhas gerais do argumento avançado por Suárez para defender a origem democrátiva do poder civil e como ele interpreta essa tese.
As duas faces do decisionismo: constitucionalismo do bem comum e democracia iliberal
Authors: Lisboa Wladimir Barreto , Steffens Nikolay
Published: December 2020

Poder-se-ia afirmar que os valores e ideais da modernidade conduzem à constituição das instituições do Estado Democrático de Direito. Trata-se de um longo e intrincado processo de feitura cujo resultado pode ser rastreado a partir de um complexo conjunto de visões teóricas e compromissos institucionais: princípios dos liberalismos político e filosófico, constitucionalismo e democracia deliberativa. Tal percurso revela-se acidentado, no entanto há uma presença constante entre os críticos da modernidade. Trata-se da perspectiva antiliberal de algumas posições conservadoras. Contemporaneamente, o quadro das democracias ocidentais permite-nos rastrear as dimensões dessa críticatanto no que diz respeito às instituições representativas, quanto àinterpretação do papel e escopo de atuação do Direito no controle dos atos do Executivo. Ambas as posições se encontram vinculadas nos movimentos encetados por populistas plebiscitários em defesa de uma democraciailiberal. No presenteartigo, que se oferece como uma carta ou mapa de intenções para um plano de pesquisa futura, buscamos rastrear as bases de ambos os braços da crítica ao arranjo liberal das democracias constitucionais nas influências schmittianas sobre as reflexões de uma democracia iliberal parceira de um constitucionalismo do bem comum.