bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Hom menesterós dels béns temporals e sia temença que, ab desesperaçió, aquell se tornàs moro”. El cautiverio como fuente de conversiones en la frontera del sureste peninsular (siglos XIV-XV)
Authors: Serrano del Toro Andrés , Culiáñez Celdrán Manuel
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo analiza la relación de los conversos con la cautividad como fenómeno específico transversal a la frontera peninsular, dentro del marco de los siglos XIV y XV y para el espacio concreto del SE peninsular donde, en unos pocos kilómetros conviven tres estados (la corona de Aragón, Castilla y Granada), cuya interrelación cotidiana se caracteriza por una coexistencia que adopta diversas formas en función de las circunstancias, marcada en ocasiones más por los intereses particulares de los fronteros y de los municipios limítrofes que por la propia estructura monárquica, sea ésta cristiana o musulmana. La realidad económica del cautiverio como forma de vida en todas las clases sociales y la constante actividad de los almogávares a ambos lados de la frontera generan multitud de circunstancias cambiantes donde la pertenencia a una religión es, en determinados momentos, un elemento a utilizar por cualquiera de los actores implicados en la cautividad: los almogávares porque, cambiando de religión y poniéndose al servicio del otro, entendido como la religión dominante allí donde el almogávar se encuentra en problemas, pueden salvar la vida y progresar económicamente protegidos por las autoridades y temidos por sus anteriores correligionarios gracias a su conocimiento del territorio y de los mecanismos defensivos. El mismo cautivo, en ocasiones, también puede salvar su precaria existencia y ganar su libertad y prosperidad gracias a un cambio de fe, con mayor o menor sinceridad en función del caso. Circunstancias extraordinarias como la prisión o el cautiverio u otras más comunes como las relaciones interpersonales podían explicar las motivaciones del converso, y su utilidad social en un contexto fronterizo animaba a determinados personajes a abjurar de su religión, si bien tampoco eran extraños a la población los arrepentimientos de la conversión una vez el individuo se situaba otra vez en territorio seguro. Temidos, odiados, necesarios y siempre en el límite, los conversos que se acogen a una nueva creencia a partir de un acto de piratería o de un rapto terrestre constituyen un grupo de evidente interés historiográfico.
La opinión anticonversa en los procesos inquisitoriales del tribunal de Ciudad Real/Toledo (1483-1504)
Authors: Rábade Obradó María de Pilar
Published: March 2024

Tras sus inicios en 1391, el denominado “problema converso” protagonizó un desarrollo que culminó con el establecimiento de la Inquisición en 1478 por Sixto IV, durante el reinado de los Reyes Católicos. Entre medias, se había producido un acontecimiento clave para la opinión que se tenía de los conversos: la revuelta de Toledo de 1449, tras la cual las cosas nunca volvieron a ser las mismas para los cristianos nuevos, debido al surgimiento de un clima de exaltación religiosa, de un antisemitismo emocional. A partir de ese momento se hizo evidente el rechazo de muchos cristianos viejos hacia los judeoconversos, que tuvo mucho que ver con el establecimiento de la Inquisición. Se reflejó en la documentación inquisitorial, singularmente en los procesos, en los que los cristianos viejos toman la palabra para expresar la opinión negativa que les merecen los conversos. A ellos se unen frecuentemente los judíos. Incluso, se puede observar cómo algunos cristianos nuevos también muestran su opinión negativa hacia otros conversos, aunque no hay que descartar que lo hagan con la intención de congraciarse con los inquisidores, de presentarse como fieles y leales cristianos, frente a los que son criptojudíos. Esa opinión anticonversa documentada en los procesos inquisitoriales muestra la existencia de un rechazo poliédrico hacia los conversos, con los cristianos viejos como protagonistas fundamentales, aunque no únicos. Cierto es que cuando se trata de la cuestión conversa no se puede olvidar la otra cara de la moneda: la evidente existencia del rechazo no puede ocultar la presencia de un proceso de asimilación, también evidente.
Prisión, muerte y condena de Antoni Tristany, maestro de escuela, por la Inquisición de Valencia (1486-1489)
Authors: Cruselles Gómez José María
Published: March 2024

Antoni Tristany fue el propietario y director de una de las escuelas de gramática y artes liberales más exitosas en la Valencia de finales del siglo XV. Por su condición de converso, atrajo en su día el interés de los biógrafos de Joan Lluís Vives, que consideraron su escuela como la primera a la que habría asistido el humanista en su Valencia natal. De hecho, el centro fundado por el maestro Tristany, que atraía a sus aulas un gran número de alumnos, se integró en el nuevo Estudio General creado en 1499 por iniciativa del municipio valenciano, pero el maestro ya había muerto entonces. De hecho, había muerto antes incluso de que naciera Vives en 1493. Tras ser confiscada por la Inquisición, su escuela fue vendida al mejor postor, al igual que todo el patrimonio del maestro, y eran otros docentes quienes la dirigían cuando se incorporó a la Universidad. En vida, el negocio de la enseñanza había proporcionado a Tristany una posición económica acomodada, además de prestigio profesional y notoriedad social entre sus conciudadanos, conversos o cristianos viejos, que no dudaban en encomendarle la educación de sus hijos. Todo fue truncado por la Inquisición, que lo encarceló en el verano de 1486 como sospechoso de herejía. Muerto en prisión a consecuencia de una huelga de hambre, fue objeto de un proceso póstumo que se prolongó hasta principios de 1489, cuando finalmente se resolvió mediante una sentencia condenatoria apoyada en testimonios de sinceridad más que dudosa. Su caso constituye un buen ejemplo de los procedimientos puestos en práctica por la nueva Inquisición en los primeros tiempos de su existencia, y de la indefensión a que se vieron reducidas sus víctimas. También contiene informaciones relevantes acerca de la vida doméstica y escolar.
Riera Melis, A. (2021). Alimentación, sociedad, cultura y política en el Occidente Medieval. Madrid: Ediciones Trea. 551 pp. ISBN: 978-84-18105-98-2
Authors: Alcover Cateura Pablo José
Published: March 2024

Reseña: Riera Melis, A. (2021). Alimentación, sociedad, cultura y política en el Occidente Medieval. Madrid: Ediciones Trea. 551 pp. ISBN: 978-84-18105-98-2
Memoria nobiliaria y conciencia noble del linaje de los Estúñiga en la Castilla bajomedieval: un estudio a través del manuscrito Historia de la Casa de los Zúñiga
Authors: Ramírez Álvarez Luis
Published: March 2024

En el presente escrito se ofrece un análisis del manuscrito Historia de la Casa de los Zúñiga, la crónica linajística que los Estúñiga pusieron por escrito a finales del siglo XV. De forma particular, se atiende al estudio de la construcción de la conciencia y la memoria nobiliaria del linaje de los Estúñiga, uno de los más destacados en la Castilla de la Baja Edad Media. La fuente analizada ofrece información suficiente para confirmar que fueron Álvaro de Estúñiga y Leonor Pimentel los mecenas de esta y que la cronología de la obra, escrita por mosén Diego de Valera, no fue casual, sino que respondió a intereses específicos de la casa: ensalzar la gloria y el ornato del estado señorial personificado en el matrimonio conformado por los personajes anteriores. Además, se estudia otros elementos constructores de identidad, como el servicio al rey y a la corona, el papel de los “estados nobiliarios”, las redes clientelares, los orígenes del linaje y la transformación nobiliaria de la Plena Edad Media al periodo bajomedieval. Se ofrece también un análisis de la autoproyección del estado señorial en la crónica, dando importancia a como este se percibía a si mismo y si esta autopercepción fue plasmada en la crónica, aunque no fuese, en algunos casos, históricamente verosímil. Por último, se plantea un análisis del manuscrito Historia de la Casa de los Zúñiga con otras dos de las crónicas linajísticas más importantes en el ámbito penisular: la Crónica de los Señores de Ayala y diversos manuscritos de la historia de la casa de los Velasco.
Alzira en les Corts del Regne de València en temps de Joan II (1458-1479)
Authors: Bernabeu Sandra
Published: March 2024

L’article aborda la participació d’Alzira en el braç reial de les Corts del regne de València durant el regnat de Joan II (1458-1479). Una cronologia en què se celebraren tres reunions parlamentàries, dues de les quals s’insereixen al marc de la guerra civil catalana (1462-1472). Un conflicte bèl·lic en el qual la societat política valenciana intentà mitjançar entre el rei i la Generalitat de Catalunya, però fracassà. Aquesta manca d’èxit va exigir als valencians posicionar-se en el conflicte per mitjà de les forces polítiques del regne (el braç eclesiàstic, el nobiliari i el reial). En el marc d’aquests esdeveniments l’estudi mostra la gestió diplomàtica i l’esforç del govern municipal alzireny per mantindré una actitud cordial sense renunciar a defensar els seus interessos particulars enfront als d’altres actors polítics. En aquest sentit, lluny de deixar-se guiar pels dictats de la ciutat de València, s’adherirà a l’opinió defensada per Xàtiva i altres viles reials. Una circumstància que fa visible l’escissió interna de l’estament reial al segle XV i que evidenciara com les afeccions de les elits de la capital s’havien distanciat de les de la resta de ciutats i viles del patrimoni de reialenc. Unes dissidències, que s’il·lustren en el cas dels síndics parlamentaris alzirenys, que, desatenent la urgència de la monarquia, s’enrolaran en disputes internes de l’estament reial sobre el reajustament fiscal i la reivindicació de contribuir al donatiu reial d’acord amb una actualització del nombre de focs de la vila. Així mateix, enmig d’aquell ambient, una facció del patriciat alzireny obtindrà del rei una modificació del sistema d’elecció dels càrrecs públics, que encara produirà majors tensions locals. Una jerarquia d’interessos de les elits locals que es projecten a través dels diferents posicionaments i discursos, els quals acaben incidint en la capacitat de resolució política dels estaments i en els ritmes de la recaptació fiscal de la Generalitat Valenciana.
Martínez García, P. (Coord.) (2023). El pasado en la pantalla: cine y humanidades digitales. Murcia: Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia (EDITUM). 130 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17865-95-5
Authors: Crespo Vila Raquel
Published: March 2024

Reseña: Martínez García, P. (Coord.) (2023). El pasado en la pantalla: cine y humanidades digitales. Murcia: Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia (EDITUM). 130 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17865-95-5.
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Pedagogía Digital. Revisión sistemática del concepto
Authors: Suárez-Guerrero Cristóbal , Gutiérrez-Esteban Prudencia , Ayuso-Delpuerto Desirée
Published: March 2024

La pedagogía es clave para comprender la cada vez más compleja relación entre educación y tecnología digital. No obstante, ¿qué se entiende por pedagogía digital? Este problema, lejos de ser un tema nominal, es fundamental para identificar desde qué posicionamiento construimos, intervenimos o problematizamos la tecnología en educación. En esta línea, el objetivo del trabajo fue conocer qué se entiende por pedagogía digital en la literatura científica generada en las dos últimas décadas y esclarecer desde qué sesgos se construye, qué prioriza y qué problemas se pueden identificar desde sus matices. Por ello, tras analizar la presencia de los conceptos que mejor podrían evidenciar la relación entre pedagogía y tecnología (“digital pedagogy”, “online pedagogy”, “virtual pedagogy” y “ict pedagogy”), se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA del concepto predominante, “pedagogía digital”, presente en las investigaciones indexadas en Web of Science (WoS) en las dos últimas décadas (2001 a 2022). Gracias al análisis de los trabajos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión e exclusión se puede señalar que la definición de la pedagogía digital gira en torno a tres campos semánticos: dos bien definidos y con mayor tradición, como son la pedagogía crítica y la pedagogía entendida como metodología de enseñanza, y a un tercer grupo conceptualmente heterogéneo con motivaciones y concreciones propias. Aunque la definición de pedagogía digital se mueva nítidamente en los dos campos semánticos predominantes, no hay que perder de vista el tercer grupo que pueden poner a la vista problemas de investigación no tradicionales o visibles para los dos marcos anteriores. En general, ya que cada campo semántico supone posicionamientos educativos respecto a lo que se supone es la tarea de pedagogía digital, la tarea de definir pedagogía digital es en sí mismo un problema pedagógico.
The Influence of the Nonfunctional Requirements on the Data Model
Authors: Kokrehel Grácián , Bilicki Vilmos
Published: March 2024

During the design and development of real-world telemedicine applications, the data model evolves significantly along the datapath. The model itself, the storage technique, and the user interface are the most common contributors. This relates to non-functional requirements. The size and complexity of the domain model may also be significantly influenced by standards. This phenomenon is distinct from data model erosion, which occurs when the data model changes due to a software developer's fault and non-properly defined interfaces. This is occurring by design. We are unaware of any technique, including OMG's Unified Modeling Language (UML), that focuses on this aspect of complex systems: the change of the data model along the datapath. In this article, we investigate this phenomenon and, in addition to identifying the locations where this change may occur, we classify the modifications depending on the possible influence a specific model change may have on the system's overall properties. This paper presents a novel methodology for complex system datapath analysis and demonstrates its application to a selection of telemedicine-related applications. This technique illustrates the possible effect of non-functional requirements on the datapath and the potential consequences of these modifications.
Identifying Concurrent Behaviours in Erlang Legacy Systems
Authors: Erdei Zsófia , Tóth Melinda , Bozó István
Published: March 2024

In Erlang, behaviours are special forms of design patterns. There are many benefits to using behaviours. For example, behaviours can help abstract away the most common parts when solving similar problems. Design pattern recognition may help understand the source code of the software. It can provide structured information about the purpose of specific parts and the design decisions behind the implementation. For object-oriented languages, several tools exist that use different approaches and methods to identify design patterns. We present a method for identifying source code fragments in legacy Erlang systems amenable to transforming into client-server Erlang design patterns. In our analysis, we identify the base set of server candidates using concurrent process analysis and narrow down the result using further static analysis knowledge using the RefactorErl framework.
Huachafo architecture between kitsch and aesthetic innovation
Authors: Bomholt Marius Christian
Published: March 2024

One way of theorising the fundamental reorganisation of the aesthetic coordinates that modernism brought about is to understand modern and post-modern artistic creation as phases of a dialectical movement. As Fredric Jameson and Slavoj Žižek pointed out, modernism may well be understood as the negation of pre-modern art, whereas post-modernism acts as the moment of sublation – the final synthesis – that preserves and combines elements from both stages. Admittedly, this is Plumpes Denken at its best – there is no room for finesse here – although it does work surprisingly well in the field of architecture. After all, the advent of the modern upended the lavish styles of the late nineteenth century by producing their polar opposite (think of Adolf Loos, who went as far as to criminalise the use of ornaments), whereas post-modern architecture succeeded in blending both traditional and modern elements in a jocular, casual and often parodistic fashion. Against this background, this article proposes an in-depth exploration of an even more recent phenomenon: huachafo architecture, an emerging cultural trend in Bolivia and Peru. Although frequently dismissed, or even derided, by its detractors, with the term huachafo itself being translated as ‘tacky’ or ‘tasteless’, it has already established itself in many neighbourhoods of the countries’ largest cities, often in less affluent, or even informal, areas. Much like its Western counterpart, huachafo architecture approaches its subject with a sensitivity to traditional and modern stylistic codes; however, its results differ considerably from most classically post-modern designs. This article posits huachafo architecture as a kind of alternate post-modernism that draws heavily on regional influences, while challenging some of our preconceived notions about the importance of good taste and the implicit assumptions about class that often accompany this type of reasoning.
Implementasi Profit And Loss Sharing (PLS) Pengrajin Kain Tenun Sutera di Kabupaten Wajo di Tinjau dari Konsep Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Syafruddin  , Khalid  , Suarni
Published: March 2024

Finding out the profit and loss distribution system in the silk woven fabric sector in the Wajo district is the goal of this type of qualitative research. The author conducts fieldwork-based interviews and documentation to produce the processed data. According to the study's findings, Wajo district's silk weaving industry's attempt to introduce profit sharing was having trouble. When the profits are distributed fairly in accordance with the original agreement, but the losses are only borne by the craftsmen by deducting work wages if the thread is damaged, and the capital owner does not contribute to the distribution, Islamic economic principles are not applied. This goes against the tenets of Islamic economics, which hold that gains and losses should be distributed equally and should not be detrimental to any party.
Analisis kemampuan argumentasi matematis siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar ditinjau dari kemampuan awal matematika
Authors: Lubis Mara Samin , Lubis Nur Ainun
Published: March 2024

The aim of the research is to determine the level of students' argumentation ability to solve surface area and volume problems based on students' initial mathematical abilities. This research focused to discover new things that students do in solving problems based on the level of Toulmin argumentation ability. The methodology for taking subjects in this research was purposive, namely by categories of students with high, medium and low abilities, looking at the students' report cards. Students with a high level of initial argumentation can state claims, evidence and reasoning well but are less able to provide rebuttals. Students with a medium initial level of argumentation are only able to state claims and data well. Meanwhile, students with a low level of initial argumentation always make wrong claims and are not able to show evidence, reasoning and rebuttal to support their claims. High entry level students' argumentation abilities are at level 2 except for the rebuttal component, the rebuttal component is at level 0 where students tend to be unable to make counterclaims and unable to reject false statements. Students' argumentation abilities are not all students' initial argumentation abilities are at level 1, where students' ability to make claims and evidence is at level 2 while the ability to make rebuttals is at level 0. Students' initial argumentation abilities are low at level 0 where students are not able make claims, evidence, reasoning, and rebuttal well.
Scholars and Literati at the Collegium Societatis Iesu Lovaniensis (1542–1773)
Authors: De la Croix David , Vitale Mara
Published: March 2024

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the Collegium Societatis Iesu Lovaniensis, the Jesuit College in the city of Leuven, from its inception in 1542 to its dissolution in 1773.
Evaluación de estándares didácticos disciplinares de futuros profesores de Matemáticas en Chile. ¿Construyendo un profesorado endeudado?
Authors: Gaona Jorge , G. Miranda David , Vergara Andrea , Ramírez Paola , Menares Romina
Published: March 2024

Este artículo examina las posibles consecuencias de la aplicación de la Evaluación Nacional Diagnóstica de Formación Inicial Docente o END FID que rindieron 1691 futuros profesores de matemáticas entre los años 2017 y 2019 en Chile. Se analizaron los resultados  de  la prueba de conocimientos disciplinares,  y se contrastaron con variables temporales, institucionales, territoriales, y socioeducativas. Los resultados muestran que, si se asume que esta evaluación mide lo que pretende medir, independiente de la variable que se analice, una proporción importante de quienes serán profesores cuentan con conocimientos didácticos y disciplinares descendidos. Se generaría así un escenario donde los profesores ingresan al sistema con una “deuda” de conocimientos, bajo las lógicas institucionales dominantes. Esto puede generar consecuencias negativas en cuanto a la identidad de los docentes en formación, instituciones formadoras, y docentes en ejercicio, abriendo paso a un cuestionamiento del instrumento y su forma de aplicación.
Development of a detection chip for major pathogenic drug-resistant genes and drug targets in bovine respiratory system diseases
Authors: Qi Jie , Li Penghui , Yan Yasong , Li Gongmei , Kong Lingcong
Published: March 2024

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant veterinary challenge, often exacerbated by pathogen resistance, hindering effective treatment. Traditional testing methods for primary pathogens – Mycoplasma bovis, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica – are notably time-consuming and lack the rapidity required for effective clinical decision-making. This study introduces a TaqMan MGB probe detection chip, utilizing fluorescent quantitative PCR, targeting key BRD pathogens and associated drug-resistant genes and sites. We developed 94 specific probes and primers, embedded into a detection chip, demonstrating notable specificity, repeatability, and sensitivity, reducing testing time to under 1 h. Additionally, we formulated probes to detect mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region, associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in BRD pathogens. The chip exhibited robust sensitivity and specificity, enabling rapid detection of drug-resistant mutations in clinical samples. This methodology significantly expedites the diagnostic process for BRD and sensitive drug screening, presenting a practical advancement in the field.
Senescent adipocytes and type 2 diabetes – current knowledge and perspective concepts
Authors: Kruczkowska Weronika , Gałęziewska Julia , Kciuk Mateusz , Gielecińska Adrianna , Płuciennik Elżbieta , Pasieka Zbigniew , Zhao Lin-Yong , Yu Yi-Jin , Kołat Damian , Kałuzińska-Kołat Żaneta
Published: March 2024

Among civilization diseases, the number of individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is expected to increase to more than a billion in less than 20 years, which is associated with, e.g., populational aging, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetic predispositions, and immunological factors. T2DM affects many organs and is characterized by insulin resistance, high glucose levels, and adipocyte dysfunction, which are related to senescence. Although this type of cellular aging has beneficial biological functions, it can also act unfavorable since senescent adipocytes resist apoptosis, enhance cytokine secretion, downregulate cell identity genes, and acquire the senescence-associated secretory phenotype that renders a more oxidative environment. Opposing T2DM is possible via a wide variety of senotherapies, including senolytics and senomorphics; nevertheless, further research is advised to expand therapeutic possibilities and benefits. Consequences that ought to be deeply researched include secretory phenotype, chronic inflammation, increasing insulin resistance, as well as impairment of adipogenesis and functioning of adipocyte cells. Herein, despite reviewing T2DM and fat tissue senescence, we summarized the latest adipocyte-related anti-diabetes solutions and suggested further research directions.
A study of the commodification of multilingualism in four cafés in China
Authors: Yan Xi
Published: March 2024

Space is constructed as a particular place by various agents and in a variety of ways, and languages play an important role in the semiotic construction of a space. This study adopts a linguistic landscape approach to explore how languages are commodified for consumption in sites of luxury, i.e., four cafés in Quanzhou, a southeastern city of China. The findings show some similarities and differences in terms of language choice for the four cafés. Despite the similarities and differences, the four shops’ landscapes feature atmospheric multilingualism, where multiple languages and scripts move into a luxury register of late-modern consumption and create the affective regime of luxury and exclusivity. Atmospheric multilingualism is driven by commercial interests and characterized by the commodification of multilingualism and a division of labor among languages in four cafés. In this division, English, other foreign languages, and traditional Chinese characters are employed for their symbolic functions, indexing cosmopolitanism, distinction, luxury, and modernity. Simplified Chinese characters are linked to the interaction order and used in daily business as the main instrument of communication.
Transmuting the painterly sign
Authors: Ding Ersu
Published: March 2024

According to renowned linguist and semiotician Roman Jakobson, translation can be divided into three general categories: intralingual translation, interlingual translation, and intersemiotic translation/transmutation. Unlike the first two categories, intersemiotic transmutation lacks the usual isomorphism that exist between a source and its target, but that should not deter us from discovering an underlying universal process of two-step interpretation that is involved in transmuting painting as a nonverbal sign into art criticism which is mostly verbal. Put simply, painting as a special form of human communication relies heavily on iconicity between “representamen” and its “object,” but this is only the first step on our way toward the hidden meaning of a visual text. To achieve the latter goal, we also need – often, but not always, through indexical reasoning – to make connections between a painting and its sociohistorical context in the manner of logical abduction as proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce rather than structural differentiation as advocated by Ferdinand de Saussure. Compared with iconic correspondences, indexical relations are far more arbitrary and therefore extremely difficult to reconstruct.
Religious modeling of a natural disaster: a cultural semiotic study
Authors: Nazaruddin Muzayin
Published: March 2024

This study examines the relationship between disaster and religion by exploring three main questions: how religion shapes the interpretation of disasters and the subsequent recovery processes; how disasters transform religious practices; and how religious interpretations may coexist with scientific explanations of the same disaster. By focusing on the Aceh society’s experience after the 2004 tsunami, this paper argues that Islam, which serves as the central modeling system of Aceh culture, played two interconnected roles in the post-tsunami period: one of providing explanations for the inexplicable disaster and the other of guiding the ensuing actions. Furthermore, the tsunami had a significant impact on the practice of Islam in Aceh, as demonstrated by the shift toward the Sharia system to create a more Islamic Aceh society in the future. This phenomenon thus serves as an example of an explosive change in a semiosphere, as explained by Juri Lotman. This paper also identifies the coexistence of religious and scientific interpretations of the tsunami among the Acehnese, highlighting their distinct social functions.
Properties of kenaf fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Abdullah Norihan , Abdan Khalina , Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah Mohd , Radzuan Mohd Nazren , Shafi Ayu Rafiqah , Hao Lee Ching
Published: March 2024

Despite the increasing interest in polyamide-based composites, few studies on polyamide-based natural fiber composites have been conducted due to their high melting temperatures of polyamide 6 (PA6). In this study, kenaf fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 composites (KF/PA6) were successfully prepared and their properties were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the neat PA6 has higher thermal stability with higher melting temperatures of 426°C, respectively, than KF/PA6 composites. The results of the differential scanning calorimeter showed that the glass transition temperature (T
g) of KF/PA6 composites was slightly shifted to a higher temperature at 59°C than that of the neat PA6 at 45°C. The thermal and mechanical characteristics using dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that the storage and loss modulus of the neat PA6 were higher than those of KF/PA6 composites. The neat PA6 showed the maximum tensile strength of 48 MPa; however, the maximum tensile modulus was obtained at 10 wt% KF with 2,100 MPa. The flexural strength and modulus of the neat PA6 were 91 and 2,506 MPa, respectively, which were higher than those of KF/PA6 composites. The impact strength also deteriorated with the addition of KF, from 3.72 to 1.91 kJ·m−2. Voids, fiber pulled-out, and agglomeration were observed in scanning electron microscope analysis on the tensile fractured surfaces.
Miura Baien and 18th Century Japanese Intellectual History: The Acceptance of Western Knowledge and the Theory of Yin-Yang and Wuxing
Authors: Lan Hung Yueh
Published: March 2024

This paper will focus on Miura Baien (1723–1789) to have a glimpse of how Edo intellectuals viewed Western and traditional Chinese knowledge, and how they thought about the world and nature in the middle of Tokugawa period. Miura is a thinker who has created an exquisite system that is almost unmatched by others in Japanese intellectual history. Maeno was a Japanese physician and pioneer of Dutch learning. Both of them deny the view of nature and the body based on the theory of Yin-Yang and Wuxing, and accepted the intellectual shock brought about by Dutch learning. Therefore, I will use the views of these two Edo scholars to discuss the criticism and application of the theory of Yin-Yang and Wuxing in Edo Japan, and their understanding of Western knowledge. Furthermore, I will also compare Miura Baien with Dai Zhen (1724–1777), a Chinese thinker who was born around the same period, to argue that Western learning in Qing China, and the theory of Yin-Yang and Wuxing were how to be used. By doing so, this paper would like to illustrate the unique thoughts of Miura Baien and characteristics of 18th century Japanese intellectual history.
Numerical simulation analysis of high-temperature bent sodium heat pipes
Authors: Cheng Xiongwei , Jiang Hualei , Li Taosheng , Zhang Siwei , Duan Chengjun , Mei Huaping
Published: March 2024

High-temperature bent heat pipes are safety-level heat transfer components used in heat pipe cooled reactor, and their applications are becoming increasingly widespread. In this study, a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model was established to evaluate the effects of different bending angles and radii on the performance of high-temperature heat pipes. The model solved for the temperature, pressure, and velocity fields in the wall, wick, and evaporator, considers the compressibility effect of the vapor. The study investigated parameters such as vapor pressure, vapor velocity, radial secondary flow field, wall temperature, wick temperature, and equivalent thermal resistance of powder sintered core sodium heat pipes with bending angles of 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, and a bending radius under 90°. The results showed that when sodium vapor enters the bent pipe, the vapor flow deviates towards the outer side, resulting in higher vapor pressure at the outer side than the vapor pressure at the inner side, and the generation of radial secondary vortex. This leads to higher temperature in the evaporator and adiabatic sections of the bent heat pipe, while lower temperature in the condenser. Fractal patterns are observed in the outer and inner wall temperature curve in the adiabatic section, with lower temperatures on the inner side and higher temperatures on the outer side. The bent heat pipe exhibits higher equivalent thermal resistance than that of a straight heat pipe, and the equivalent thermal resistance increases with increasing bending angle, and the equivalent thermal resistance decreases with increasing bending radius.
Zusammenhänge der regionalen Verteilung von Tatverdächtigen bei digitalen Sexualdelikten mit kindlichen Opfern mit dem Verteilungsmuster anderer Straftaten und soziostrukturellen Merkmalen
Authors: Biedermann Jürgen , Rüdiger Thomas-Gabriel , Ehlert Cindy
Published: March 2024

Die zunehmende Anzahl von Sexualdelikten mit Bezug zu kindlichen Opfern insbesondere im digitalen Raum stellt aktuell eine große Herausforderung für präventive und repressive Ansätze dar. Anders als bei der allgemeinen und gewaltbezogenen Kriminalität ist der Forschungsstand zu regionalen soziostrukturellen Kontextfaktoren digitaler Sexualdelikte mit kindlichen Opfern unter Nutzung des Tatmittels Internet noch defizitär. Vorliegende Untersuchung analysiert das regionale Verteilungsmuster der polizeilich erfassten Anzahl der Tatverdächtigen dieser Delikte auf Kreisebene, vergleicht dieses Muster mit den entsprechenden Verteilungsmustern nicht-digitaler Sexualdelikte sowie der Straßen- und Gewaltkriminalität und ermittelt Zusammenhänge zu soziostrukturellen Merkmalen der Landkreise und kreisfreien Städte. In die Analysen gingen alle Tatverdächtigen ein, die zwischen 2016 und 2021 in den Bundesländern der Sicherheitskooperation Ost polizeilich für die berücksichtigten Deliktkategorien registriert wurden. Im Vergleich zur Gewalt- und Straßenkriminalität werden die Tatverdächtigen der digitalen Sexualdelikte mit ihrem Tatort häufiger in ländlichen Regionen außerhalb der Großstädte registriert und die Zusammenhänge des regionalen Verteilungsmusters mit Kriterien der ökonomischen Lage eines Kreises fallen schwächer aus. Darüber hinaus konnte kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl von Tatverdächtigen mit digitalen und nicht-digitalen Sexualdelikten in den Landkreisen festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die kriminologischen Spezifika digitaler Sexualdelikte und eine geeignete Ausrichtung von Präventionsansätzen sowie zu berücksichtigenden Limitationen des Untersuchungsansatzes diskutiert.
Crystal structure of (2-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate, C20H18ClNO3
Authors: Bai Yang , Zhang Xin-ru , Hao Duo , Gu Ye
Published: March 2024

C20H18ClNO3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 6.3252(4) Å, b = 7.3424(5) Å, c = 17.8513(12) Å, β = 90.902(2)°, V = 828.95(10) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0223, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0593, T = 100(2) K.
Application of conserved quantities using the formal Lagrangian of a nonlinear integro partial differential equation through optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras in physics and engineering
Authors: Adeyemo Oke Davies , Khalique Chaudry Masood
Published: March 2024

This research article analytically investigates a soliton equation of high dimensions, particularly with applications, and precisely in the fields of physical sciences and engineering. The soliton equation of high dimensions, particularly with applications, and precisely in the fields of physical sciences along with engineering, is examined with a view to securing various pertinent results of interest. For the first time, the conserved currents of an integrodifferential equation (especially those of higher dimensions) are calculated using a detailed optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras. Infinitesimal generators of diverse structures ascribed to Lie point symmetries of the understudy model are first calculated via Lie group analysis technique. Additionally, we construct various commutations along Lie-adjoint representation tables connected to the nine-dimensional Lie algebra achieved. Further to that, detailed and comprehensive computation of the optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras linked to the algebra is also unveiled for the under-investigated model. This, in consequence, engenders the calculation of abundant conserved currents for the soliton equation through Ibragimov’s conserved vector theorem by utilizing its formal Lagrangian. Later, the applications of our results are highlighted.
Left Atrial Appendage Analysis from Echocardiographic Images: Relevance in Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
Authors: Samareh Hemmati Sarapardeh Haniyeh , Fayazi Ali , Ghayoumi Zadeh Hossein , Rezaee Khosro
Published: March 2024

Atrial fibrillation, a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, disrupts the normal path of electrical signals within the heart. To address this issue, the left atrial appendage closure is often considered. This involves using a closure instrument named the Watchman to obstruct the left atrial appendage (LAA) ostium. The wide variety of LAA shapes, sizes, and forms in individuals makes selecting the correct Watchman size crucial. This study first isolates the LAA from echocardiographic images and then recommends the appropriate Watchman size. The 3-D echocardiographic images used in this study are from 32 male and female patients who underwent successful LAA closure at Kings College Hospital London over two years. For each patient, there are 208 cardiac echo slices in the imaging mode. This study presents an image processing-based model to separate LAA regions and extract relevant features. These features are then inputted into a classification platform in which a neural network determines the suitable Watchman size. The average and mode Hausdorff distances, calculated between the proposed method and the traditional manual calculation for the 501 analyzed LAA images, are approximately 0.2467 and 0.0587, respectively. Because of limited data, a 10-fold cross-validation was used to assess the classifier, yielding an accuracy of 74.07 %. The proposed model effectively isolated the LAA from the corresponding slices of the 3-D echocardiographic images. However, the classifier’s accuracy is not ideal because of insufficient data, which could be improved by expanding the database. This research’s outcomes could aid physicians in selecting the proper Watchman size.
Ultrahigh Field fMRI Reveals Different Roles of the Temporal and Frontoparietal Cortices in Subjective Awareness
Authors: Poyo Solanas Marta , Zhan Minye , de Gelder Beatrice
Published: March 2024

A central question in consciousness theories is whether one is dealing with a dichotomous (“all-or-none”) or a gradual phenomenon. In this 7T fMRI study, we investigated whether dichotomy or gradualness in fact depends on the brain region associated with perceptual awareness reports. Both male and female human subjects performed an emotion discrimination task (fear vs neutral bodies) presented under continuous flash suppression with trial-based perceptual awareness measures. Behaviorally, recognition sensitivity increased linearly with increased stimuli awareness and was at chance level during perceptual unawareness. Physiologically, threat stimuli triggered a slower heart rate than neutral ones during “almost clear” stimulus experience, indicating freezing behavior. Brain results showed that activity in the occipitotemporal, parietal, and frontal regions as well as in the amygdala increased with increased stimulus awareness while early visual areas showed the opposite pattern. The relationship between temporal area activity and perceptual awareness best fitted a gradual model while the activity in frontoparietal areas fitted a dichotomous model. Furthermore, our findings illustrate that specific experimental decisions, such as stimulus type or the approach used to evaluate awareness, play pivotal roles in consciousness studies and warrant careful consideration.
“Quantum 3.0”: What Will It Mean for War, Peace, and World Order?
Authors: Der Derian James , Rollo Stuart
Published: March 2024

Without quantum mechanics, the nuclear and information revolutions of the twentieth century would not have happened. In this article, we examine how new quantum technologies are coming to reshape war and peace in the twenty-first century. Research and development across quantum computing, communications, and sensing has taken on the dynamic of a “quantum race” between major powers, big tech, and academic institutions. A quantum advantage in these areas could radically reshape political and economic as well as strategic balances of power. In a world already marked by global entanglement, deep uncertainty, and superpositional states of war and peace, quantized modes of understanding need to expand from the natural and physical sciences into the social and political sciences, which remain stuck in causal, linear, and deterministic worldviews inherited from the seventeenth century. We use this article to begin to push beyond the classical limits of traditional international relations to consider new epistemic tools, ethical frameworks, and geopolitical strategies for a world order transformed by Quantum 3.0.
Impact of aluminum fluoride addition on crystallization, structure and thermal properties of lead borate glasses
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, 8 Gagarin Avenue, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine, Hordieiev Yu. S. , Zaichuk A. V. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, 8 Gagarin Avenue, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The glass composition (70-x)PbO–(30-y)B2O3–(x+y)AlF3, where x and y ranges from 0 to 20 mol%, were prepared using the conventional melt-quenching-annealing technique. The structural and thermal properties of the glasses were comprehensively analyzed using techniques like Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Dilatometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD confirmed the amorphous, non-crystalline structure of the glasses. The glass network was found to be composed of structural units such as PbO4, BO4, BO3 and AlO6 using FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed significant structural changes, including the transformation of BO4 to BO3 units and the increase in non-bridging bonds, particularly with higher AlF3 content. DTA was instrumental in determining characteristic temperatures, such as the glass transition, melting, and peak crystallization temperatures, along with glass stability parameters (∆T, Hr, Tgr) for all samples. The study found that the addition of AlF3 led to a decrease in these characteristic temperatures when replacing B2O3, but an increase when replacing PbO. Variations in the density and thermal expansion of the lead borate glass were observed upon the addition of AlF3, decreasing when substituting for PbO and increasing when substituting for B2O3. These findings provide insights into the properties of oxyfluoride glasses, paving the way for future optimization in their composition for varied applications.
Fabrication and anti-corrosion performances of robust superhydrophobic surface on NAB via solution-etching
Authors:   School of Materials and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China, Chen K. , Fan G. D. ,   School of Materials and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China, Xia Y. M. ,   School of Materials and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China, Ou J. F. ,   School of Materials and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
Published: March 2024

A labyrinth microstructure interconnected by micron and submicron acicular structures was successfully prepared by immersing nickel-aluminum bronze in 9 wt% FeCl3·6H2O solution at room temperature for 40 min. After being modified with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS-17), the microstructure surface displays robustly low-adhesion superhydrophobicity, and the water contact angle is above 160 ° on it. In addition, the superhydrophobic surface exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and stability in 3.5wt % NaCl aqueous solution and corrosion solution with different pH values.
Investigating the physicochemical characteristics of monovalent metal-doped nickel oxide thin films
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Technology, University Mohammed chérif messaadia BP a 1553 Souk Ahras 41000, Algeria, Maghni C. , Zaouche C. ,   Material Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria, Dahbi L. ,   Teacher Education College of Setif, Messaoude Zeghar, Algeria, Saggai S. ,   Higher School of Saharan Agriculture – El Oued, PB 90 Chouhada, El Oued 39011, Algeria, Guedda E. ,   Higher School of Saharan Agriculture – El Oued, PB 90 Chouhada, El Oued 39011, Algeria
Published: March 2024

The effect of Ag doping on the optical, structural, and electrical properties of deposited Ni1-xAgxO thin films deposited on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis has been studied. This work aims to investigate the optical and physical characteristics variations of Ni1- xAgxO thin films fabricated into semiconductors with varying doping levels x. The values of 0 at.%, 2 at.%, 4 at.%, 6 at.%, and 8 at.% are these levels. The transmission spectra demonstrate the good optical transparency of the Ni1-xAgxO thin films in the visible range of 70% to 85%. The thin films of Ni1-xAgxO exhibited optical gap energies ranging from 3.63 to 3.71eV. Between 329 and 430meV was the range of the Urbach energy. Nonetheless, numerous flaws with the highest Urbach energy are observed in Ni0.92Ag0.08O thin films. The lowest optical gap energy is found in Ni0.92Ag0.08O thin sheets. A maximum of 0.024(Ω.cm)-1 electrical conductivity was observed in the Ni0.92Ag0.08O thin films. Our films have an average electrical conductivity of approximately 0.0176(Ω.cm)-1 . The Ni1- xAgxO thin film XRD patterns show that the films have a cubic structure and are polycrystalline.