bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edmund Burke and the First Stuart Revolution
Authors: Connell Philip
Published: July 2020

This essay reconsiders the character and significance of Edmund Burke's attitude to the seventeenth-century civil wars and interregnum. Burke may have venerated the “revolution principles” of 1688–89 over those of the 1640s, not least in theReflections on the Revolution in Francein which he notoriously compares English dissenting radicals to regicidal Puritans. Yet his response to the first Stuart revolution is more complex than has commonly been allowed and is closely bound up with Burke's earlier parliamentary career as a prominent member of the Rockingham Whig connection. The revival of an anti-Stuart idiom within the extra-parliamentary opposition of the 1760s, together with the mounting conflict with the North American colonies, gave renewed prominence to the memory of the civil wars within English political discourse. The Rockinghamites attempted to exploit this development—without compromising their own, more conservative reading of seventeenth-century history—but they were also its victims. In the years that followed, Burke and his colleagues were repeatedly identified by their political opponents with the spirit of Puritan rebellion and Cromwellian usurpation. These circumstances provide a new perspective on Burke's interpretation of the nation's revolutionary past; they also offer important insights into his writings and speeches in response to the French Revolution.
Republican Relicts: Gender, Memory, and Mourning in Irish Nationalist Culture, ca. 1798–1848
Authors: Kennedy Catriona
Published: July 2020

In the past two decades, remembrance has emerged as one of the dominant preoccupations in Irish historical scholarship. There has, however, been little sustained analysis of the relationship between gender and memory in Irish studies, and gender remains under-theorized in memory studies more broadly. Yet one of the striking aspects of nineteenth-century commemorations of the 1798 and 1803 rebellions is the relatively prominent role accorded to women and, in particular, Sarah Curran, Pamela Fitzgerald, and Matilda Tone, the widows of three of the most celebrated United Irish “martyrs.” By analyzing the mnemonic functions these female figures performed in nineteenth-century Irish nationalist discourse, this article offers a case study of the circumstances in which women may be incorporated into, rather than excluded, from national memory cultures. This incorporation, it is argued, had much to do with the fraught political context in which the 1798 rebellion and its leaders were memorialized. As the remembrance of the rebellion in the first half of the nineteenth century assumed a covert character, conventionally gendered distinctions between private grief and public remembrance, intimate histories and heroic reputations, and family genealogy and public biography became blurred so as to foreground women and the female mourner.
Differences in educational attainment between obese and non-obese Kuwaiti female university students
Authors: Al Hammadi Hanouf H. , Alaslawi Hamad A. , Hewitt Allan , Reilly John J.
Published: July 2020

Individuals with obesity tend to perform less well than their non-obese peers in tertiary education, but there is little evidence from non-Western countries and recent studies. The present study aimed to test whether academic attainment differed between female undergraduates with obesity (defined by body mass index (BMI)), and those who were non-obese in Kuwait, a country with very high obesity prevalence. In 400 female Kuwaiti first- and second-year Social Science students (mean age 18⋅0, sd 0⋅6 years), educational attainment was defined as the Grade Point Average (GPA) across all subjects (from 1⋅00 to 4⋅00). The mean GPA (2⋅51, sd 0⋅53) among students defined as obese by the BMI (n 163) was significantly lower than among the students defined as non-obese by the BMI (n 237; 2⋅80, sd 0⋅63; P < 0⋅001), and those defined as obese were more likely to be in the lowest quartile for the GPA (OR 3⋅03; 95% CI 1⋅90, 4⋅85), independent of socio-economic status. Similar differences were observed between students defined as having high versus normal body fatness. Female undergraduates in Kuwait with obesity have lower academic attainment than their non-obese peers, and universities should consider measures to mitigate reduced attainment among their female undergraduates.
Stress assignment in reading aloud in Spanish
Authors: Gutiérrez-Palma Nicolás , Suárez-Coalla Paz , Cuetos Fernando
Published: July 2020

Correct stress assignment is a requirement for fluent reading in alphabetic languages. This study focuses on two nonlexical mechanisms at the core of stress assignment. In particular, the use of a default stress pattern (e.g., penultimate stress) and the Spanish stress mark. In Experiment 1, participants read aloud words and pseudowords with different stress types (on the antepenultimate or the penultimate syllable), and with or without a stress mark. Results showed longer reaction times (RTs) for words and pseudowords with antepenultimate stress. However, as words with antepenultimate stress always have a stress mark, it could be argued that stress type differences could be due to the presence of the stress mark. In Experiment 2, using a priming procedure participants read aloud words and pseudowords in pure versus mixed stress blocks. Again, words and pseudowords with antepenultimate stress were read slower (longer RTs), suggesting that previous differences were due to stress mark rather than stress type. These results indicate that processing stress marks is cognitively demanding when reading in Spanish.
Sectarian Triangles: Salafis, the Shi‘a, and the Politics of Religious Affiliations in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Thurston Alexander
Published: July 2020

“Sectarianization”—the political instrumentalization of sectarian identities—is a profitable strategy for many state and non-state actors. This paper presents a theory of sectarianization, as well as an accompanying typology. The paper does not seek to explain the causes of sectarian conflict; rather, the paper examines how third parties respond to exogenous instances of such conflict. The paper argues that third parties face incentives to cultivate strategic ambiguity about their own stances, especially amid significant religious and political competition. In such competitive environments, third parties appear to take stances based on the interaction among three factors: first, a short-term cost-benefit analysis of whether to take sides and if so, how far to align with either of the main two sectarian actors; second, pre-existing relationships between the third party and the two main sectarian actors; and third, a desire to maintain long-term credibility with the broadest audience possible.
Kurzfristige und konkrete Ziele
Authors: Schneidtinger Cornelia , Wimmer Kerstin
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. Adherence-Therapie ist eine auf motivierender Gesprächsführung basierende pflegerische Intervention, die zu einem möglichst selbstbestimmten und verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit der Medikation verhelfen soll. Die Anwendung bei Jugendlichen muss die altersspezifischen Entwicklungsaufgaben sowie weitere Einflussfaktoren wie die emotionale Verbundenheit zu den Erziehungsberechtigten beachten. Der Beitrag stellt dar, welche Einflussfaktoren dies sind und wie sie berücksichtigt werden können.
Gute psychiatrische Pflege in Zeiten der Corona-Krise
Authors: Nienaber André , Flansburg Susanna , Groß Regine , Löhr Michael , Rixe Jacqueline , Rogge Stefan , Sauter Dorothea , Schulz Michael
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. In der Corona-Krise 2020 waren und sind die Gesundheitssysteme und damit einhergehend die Pflegeberufe sehr gefordert – auch in psychiatrischen Handlungsfeldern. Die Deutsche Fachgesellschaft Psychiatrische Pflege e. V. (DFPP) hat in einer Stellungnahme Forderungen beschrieben, um eine gute psychiatrisch-pflegerische Versorgung in Zeiten einer Pandemie zu gewährleisten. Dieser Artikel ist eine verkürzte und leicht geänderte Version der Stellungnahme. Er beschreibt, welche Auswirkungen die Corona-Krise auf die psychiatrische Pflegepraxis hat und begründet damit die Forderungen der DFPP. Die ausführliche Stellungnahme findet sich auf der Homepage (www.dfpp.de).
Upcoming AGU Leadership Elections
Authors: Davidson Eric
Published: July 2020

AGU announces the full slate of leadership candidates. Voting will open at the end of September.
Dianhydrogalactitol synergizes with topoisomerase poisons to overcome DNA repair activity in tumor cells
Authors: Zhai Beibei , Li Yue , Kotapalli Sudha Sravanti , Bacha Jeffrey , Brown Dennis , Steinø Anne , Daugaard Mads
Published: July 2020

1,2:5,6-Dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) is a bi-functional DNA-targeting agent currently in phase II clinical trial for treatment of temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic activity of DAG alone or in combination with common chemotherapy agents in GBM and prostate cancer (PCa) cells, and determined the impact of DNA repair pathways on DAG-induced cytotoxicity. We found that DAG produced replication-dependent DNA lesions decorated with RPA32, RAD51, and γH2AX foci. DAG-induced cytotoxicity was unaffected by MLH1, MSH2, and DNA-PK expression, but was enhanced by knockdown of BRCA1. Acting in S phase, DAG displayed selective synergy with topoisomerase I (camptothecin and irinotecan) and topoisomerase II (etoposide) poisons in GBM, PCa, and lung cancer cells with no synergy observed for docetaxel. Importantly, DAG combined with irinotecan treatment enhanced tumor responses and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. This work provides mechanistic insight into DAG cytotoxicity in GBM and PCa cells and offers a rational for exploring combination regimens with topoisomerase I/II poisons in future clinical trials.
Low expression of ANT1 confers oncogenic properties to rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells by modulating metabolism and death pathways
Authors: Vial J. , Huchedé P. , Fagault S. , Basset F. , Rossi M. , Geoffray J. , Soldati H. , Bisaccia J. , Elsensohn M. H. , Creveaux M. , Neves D. , Blay J. Y. , Fauvelle F. , Bouquet F. , Streichenberger N. , Corradini N. , Bergeron C. , Maucort-Boulch D. , Castets P. , Carré M. , Weber K. , Castets M.
Published: July 2020

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent form of pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma. It is divided into two main subtypes: ERMS (embryonal) and ARMS (alveolar). Current treatments are based on chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The 5-year survival rate has plateaued at 70% since 2000, despite several clinical trials. RMS cells are thought to derive from the muscle lineage. During development, myogenesis includes the expansion of muscle precursors, the elimination of those in excess by cell death and the differentiation of the remaining ones into myofibers. The notion that these processes may be hijacked by tumor cells to sustain their oncogenic transformation has emerged, with RMS being considered as the dark side of myogenesis. Thus, dissecting myogenic developmental programs could improve our understanding of RMS molecular etiology. We focused herein on ANT1, which is involved in myogenesis and is responsible for genetic disorders associated with muscle degeneration. ANT1 is a mitochondrial protein, which has a dual functionality, as it is involved both in metabolism via the regulation of ATP/ADP release from mitochondria and in regulated cell death as part of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Bioinformatics analyses of transcriptomic datasets revealed that ANT1 is expressed at low levels in RMS. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we showed that reduced ANT1 expression confers selective advantages to RMS cells in terms of proliferation and resistance to stress-induced death. These effects arise notably from an abnormal metabolic switch induced by ANT1 downregulation. Restoration of ANT1 expression using a Tet-On system is sufficient to prime tumor cells to death and to increase their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Based on our results, modulation of ANT1 expression and/or activity appears as an appealing therapeutic approach in RMS management.
Olaparib for metastatic breast cancer in a patient with a germline PALB2 variant
Authors: Kuemmel Sherko , Harrach Hakima , Schmutzler Rita K. , Kostara Athina , Ziegler-Löhr Katja , Dyson Mark H. , Chiari Ouafaa , Reinisch Mattea
Published: July 2020

There is a strong biologic rationale that poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors may benefit a broader range of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients than covered by current approvals, which require a germline BRCA1/2 sequence variant affecting function. We report a patient with germline/somatic BRCA1/2 wild-type MBC, who had a dramatic response to the PARP inhibitor olaparib of at least 8 months’ duration. The patient is a 37-year-old woman with recurrent, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative MBC that had progressed despite hormonal therapy and palbociclib. Sensitivity to olaparib was likely conferred by a germline sequence variant affecting function in PALB2 (exon 1, c.18G>T, p.(=)). This case documenting activity of olaparib monotherapy in germline/somatic BRCA1/2 wild-type MBC illustrates that the clinical potential of PARP inhibition in MBC extends beyond currently approved indications to additional patients whose tumors have (epi)genetic changes affecting homologous recombination repair.
Colossal magnetoresistance in a nonsymmorphic antiferromagnetic insulator
Authors: Rosa Priscila , Xu Yuanfeng , Rahn Marein , Souza Jean , Kushwaha Satya , Veiga Larissa , Bombardi Alessandro , Thomas Sean , Janoschek Marc , Bauer Eric , Chan Mun , Wang Zhijun , Thompson Joe , Harrison Neil , Pagliuso Pascoal , Bernevig Andrei , Ronning Filip
Published: July 2020

Here we investigate antiferromagnetic Eu5In2Sb6, a nonsymmorphic Zintl phase. Our electrical transport data show that Eu5In2Sb6 is remarkably insulating and exhibits an exceptionally large negative magnetoresistance, which is consistent with the presence of magnetic polarons. From ab initio calculations, the paramagnetic state of Eu5In2Sb6 is a topologically nontrivial semimetal within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), whereas an insulating state with trivial topological indices is obtained using a modified Becke−Johnson potential. Notably, GGA + U calculations suggest that the antiferromagnetic phase of Eu5In2Sb6 may host an axion insulating state. Our results provide important feedback for theories of topological classification and highlight the potential of realizing clean magnetic narrow-gap semiconductors in Zintl materials.
Contagious Bovine and Caprine Pleuropneumonia: a research community’s recommendations for the development of better vaccines
Authors: Jores Joerg , Baldwin Cynthia , Blanchard Alain , Browning Glenn F. , Colston Angie , Gerdts Volker , Goovaerts Danny , Heller Martin , Juleff Nick , Labroussaa Fabien , Liljander Anne , Muuka Geoffrey , Nene Vish , Nir-Paz Ran , Sacchini Flavio , Summerfield Artur , Thiaucourt François , Unger Hermann , Vashee Sanjay , Wang Xiumei , Salt Jeremy
Published: July 2020

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) are major infectious diseases of ruminants caused by mycoplasmas in Africa and Asia. In contrast with the limited pathology in the respiratory tract of humans infected with mycoplasmas, CBPP and CCPP are devastating diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. Beyond their obvious impact on animal health, CBPP and CCPP negatively impact the livelihood and wellbeing of a substantial proportion of livestock-dependent people affecting their culture, economy, trade and nutrition. The causative agents of CBPP and CCPP are Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides and Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae, respectively, which have been eradicated in most of the developed world. The current vaccines used for disease control consist of a live attenuated CBPP vaccine and a bacterin vaccine for CCPP, which were developed in the 1960s and 1980s, respectively. Both of these vaccines have many limitations, so better vaccines are urgently needed to improve disease control. In this article the research community prioritized biomedical research needs related to challenge models, rational vaccine design and protective immune responses. Therefore, we scrutinized the current vaccines as well as the challenge-, pathogenicity- and immunity models. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations towards developing safer and more efficacious vaccines against CBPP and CCPP.
Cranial morphology of the tanystropheid Macrocnemus bassanii unveiled using synchrotron microtomography
Authors: Miedema Feiko , Spiekman Stephan N. F. , Fernandez Vincent , Reumer Jelle W. F. , Scheyer Torsten M.
Published: July 2020

The genusMacrocnemusis a member of the Tanystropheidae, a clade of non-archosauriform archosauromorphs well known for their very characteristic, elongated cervical vertebrae. Articulated specimens are known from the Middle Triassic of Alpine Europe and China. Although multiple articulated specimens are known, description of the cranial morphology has proven challenging due to the crushed preservation of the specimens. Here we use synchrotron micro computed tomography to analyse the cranial morphology of a specimen of the type speciesMacrocnemus bassaniifrom the Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, Ticino, Switzerland. The skull is virtually complete and we identify and describe the braincase and palatal elements as well the atlas-axis complex for the first time. Moreover, we add to the knowledge of the morphology of the skull roof, rostrum and hemimandible, and reconstruct the cranium ofM. bassaniiin 3D using the rendered models of the elements. The circumorbital bones were found to be similar in morphology to those of the archosauromorphsProlacerta broomiandProtorosaurus speneri. In addition, we confirm the palatine, vomer and pterygoid to be tooth-bearing palatal bones, but also observed heterodonty on the pterygoid and the palatine.
The potential for a CRISPR gene drive to eradicate or suppress globally invasive social wasps
Authors: Lester Philip J. , Bulgarella Mariana , Baty James W. , Dearden Peter K. , Guhlin Joseph , Kean John M.
Published: July 2020

CRISPR gene drives have potential for widespread and cost-efficient pest control, but are highly controversial. We examined a potential gene drive targeting spermatogenesis to control the invasive common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) in New Zealand. Vespula wasps are haplodiploid. Their life cycle makes gene drive production challenging, as nests are initiated by single fertilized queens in spring followed by several cohorts of sterile female workers and the production of reproductives in autumn. We show that different spermatogenesis genes have different levels of variation between introduced and native ranges, enabling a potential ‘precision drive’ that could target the reduced genetic diversity and genotypes within the invaded range. In vitro testing showed guide-RNA target specificity and efficacy that was dependent on the gene target within Vespula, but no cross-reactivity in other Hymenoptera. Mathematical modelling incorporating the genetic and life history traits of Vespula wasps identified characteristics for a male sterility drive to achieve population control. There was a trade-off between drive infiltration and impact: a drive causing complete male sterility would not spread, while partial sterility could be effective in limiting population size if the homing rate is high. Our results indicate that gene drives may offer viable suppression for wasps and other haplodiploid pests.
Prevalence and causes of vision impairment and blindness in the Russian ural eye and medical study
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Kazakbaeva Gyulli M. , Zainullin Rinat M. , Gilmanshin Timur R. , Nuriev Ildar F. , Zaynetdinov Artur F. , Yakupova Dilya F. , Uzianbaeva Yulia V. , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Mukhamadieva Svetlana R. , Khikmatullin Renat I. , Aminev Said K. , Arslangareeva Inga I. , Jonas Jost B.
Published: July 2020

To assess prevalence of mild vision impairment (MVI; best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) < 6/12 to 6/18 in the better eye), moderate-to-severe vision impairment (MSVI; BCVA < 6/18 but ≥ 3/60) and blindness (BCVA < 3/60) in a local population in Russia, we conducted the population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study. Out of 7,328 eligible individuals aged 40 + years, 5,899 (80.5%) individuals participated. MVI was present in 184 (3.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7, 3.6) individuals, MSVI in 182 (3.1%; 95% CI 2.7, 3.5) individuals, and 11 individuals (0.19%; 95% CI 0.008, 0.30) were blind. Causes for MSVI were cataract (n = 109; 59.9%), late stage of age-related macular degeneration (n = 14; 7.7%; geographic atrophy and neovascular AMD in 7 (3.8%) individuals) each), myopic maculopathy (n = 11; 6.0%), glaucoma (n = 9; 4.9%), non-glaucomatous optic nerve damage (n = 5; 2.7%), and diabetic retinopathy (n = 4; 2.2%). Causes for blindness were cataract (n = 3; 27.3%), myopic maculopathy (n = 2; 18.2%), retinal dystrophies (n = 2; 18.2%), glaucoma (n = 1; 9.1%), and corneal scars (n = 1; 9.1%). Higher prevalence of MSVI/blindness was associated with age (P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR)1.10; 95% CI 1.08, 1.12), male gender (P < 0.001; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.47, 3.66), educational level (P < 0.001; OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.76,0.92), manual grip force (P < 0.001; OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.92, 0.96), diabetes prevalence (P = 0.006; OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.08, 2.56) and axial length (P < 0.001; OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.26,1.62). In this population from Bashkortostan/Russia, prevalence of MVI, MSVI and blindness was 3.1%, 3.1% and 0.19%, respectively. Cataract was the most frequent cause of reversible vision impairment, while AMD, myopic maculopathy and glaucoma were the most common reasons for irreversible vision impairment.
The growing importance of oceanic moisture sources for continental precipitation
Authors: Gimeno Luis , Nieto Raquel , Sorí Rogert
Published: July 2020

The precipitation that falls on the continents defines the extent and nature of terrestrial ecosystems and human activity in them, all of which are adapted to and maintained by present-day precipitation. In essence, precipitation is supplied by moisture that either comes directly from the ocean, or is subsequently recycled from the continents themselves. Both the processes that control evaporation and the main mechanisms of moisture transport clearly differ between the ocean and the continent, thus within the context of a changing climate, it may be expected that the relationship between precipitation of oceanic and terrestrial origin varies globally and regionally, as will the influence of these two basic components of total precipitation on global and regional precipitation trends, especially in tropical regions. We describe an approach based on a Lagrangian technique for estimating the precipitation in a target region given the proportions of moisture transported from the two sources (ocean and continent) to reveal that the percentage of precipitation of oceanic origin has increased globally in the current climate (1980–2016). The greatest observed rate of increase is in the tropical regions; furthermore, the trends of precipitation in these regions are controlled by trends in precipitation for which the source of moisture is the ocean.
T cell-specific deletion of Pgam1 reveals a critical role for glycolysis in T cell responses
Authors: Toriyama Koji , Kuwahara Makoto , Kondoh Hiroshi , Mikawa Takumi , Takemori Nobuaki , Konishi Amane , Yorozuya Toshihiro , Yamada Takeshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Shiraishi Atsushi , Yamashita Masakatsu
Published: July 2020

Although the important roles of glycolysis in T cells have been demonstrated, the regulatory mechanism of glycolysis in activated T cells has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the influences of glycolytic failure on the T cell-dependent immune response in vivo remain unclear. We therefore assessed the role of glycolysis in the T cell-dependent immune response using T cell-specific Pgam1-deficient mice. Both CD8 and CD4 T cell-dependent immune responses were attenuated by Pgam1 deficiency. The helper T cell-dependent inflammation was ameliorated in Pgam1-deficient mice. Glycolysis augments the activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and the T-cell receptor (TCR) signals. Glutamine acts as a metabolic hub in activated T cells, since the TCR-dependent increase in intracellular glutamine is required to augment glycolysis, increase mTORC1 activity and augment TCR signals. These findings suggest that mTORC1, glycolysis and glutamine affect each other and cooperate to induce T cell proliferation and differentiation.
Structure and function of a malaria transmission blocking vaccine targeting Pfs230 and Pfs230-Pfs48/45 proteins
Authors: Singh Kavita , Burkhardt Martin , Nakuchima Sofia , Herrera Raul , Muratova Olga , Gittis Apostolos G. , Kelnhofer Emily , Reiter Karine , Smelkinson Margery , Veltri Daniel , Swihart Bruce J. , Shimp Richard , Nguyen Vu , Zhang Baoshan , MacDonald Nicholas J. , Duffy Patrick E. , Garboczi David N. , Narum David L.
Published: July 2020

Proteins Pfs230 and Pfs48/45 arePlasmodium falciparumtransmission-blocking (TB) vaccine candidates that form a membrane-bound protein complex on gametes. The biological role of Pfs230 or the Pfs230-Pfs48/45 complex remains poorly understood. Here, we present the crystal structure of recombinant Pfs230 domain 1 (Pfs230D1M), a 6-cysteine domain, in complex with the Fab fragment of a TB monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4F12. We observed the arrangement of Pfs230 on the surface of macrogametes differed from that on microgametes, and that Pfs230, with no known membrane anchor, may exist on the membrane surface in the absence of Pfs48/45. 4F12 appears to sterically interfere with Pfs230 function. Combining mAbs against different epitopes of Pfs230D1 or of Pfs230D1 and Pfs48/45, significantly increased TB activity. These studies elucidate a mechanism of action of the Pfs230D1 vaccine, model the functional activity induced by a polyclonal antibody response and support the development of TB vaccines targeting Pfs230D1 and Pfs230D1-Pfs48/45.
Single channel Josephson effect in a high transmission atomic contact
Authors: Senkpiel Jacob , Dambach Simon , Etzkorn Markus , Drost Robert , Padurariu Ciprian , Kubala Björn , Belzig Wolfgang , Yeyati Alfredo Levy , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Ankerhold Joachim , Ast Christian R. , Kern Klaus
Published: July 2020

The Josephson effect in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is an excellent tool to probe the properties of a superconductor on a local scale. We use atomic manipulation in a low temperature STM to create mesoscopic single channel contacts and study the Josephson effect at arbitrary transmissions. We observe significant deviations from the Ambegaokar-Baratoff formula relating the critical current to the order parameter starting from transmissions of τ > 0.1. Using the full current-phase relation, we model the Josephson effect in the dynamical Coulomb blockade regime, where the charging energy of the junction capacitance cannot be neglected, and find excellent agreement with the experimental data. Projecting the current-phase relation onto the charge transfer operator shows that at high transmission, non-linear behaviour arises and multiple Cooper pair tunneling may occur. Our model includes these deviations, which become non-negligible in Josephson-STM, for example, when scanning across single adatoms.
Selective phase growth and precise-layer control in MoTe2
Authors: Fraser James P. , Masaityte Liudvika , Zhang Jingyi , Laing Stacey , Moreno-López Juan Carlos , McKenzie Adam F. , McGlynn Jessica C. , Panchal Vishal , Graham Duncan , Kazakova Olga , Pichler Thomas , MacLaren Donald A. , Moran David A. J. , Ganin Alexey Y.
Published: July 2020

Minor structural changes in transition metal dichalcogenides can have dramatic effects on their electronic properties. This makes the quest for key parameters that enable a selective choice between the competing metallic and semiconducting phases in the 2D MoTe2 system compelling. Herein, we report the optimal conditions at which the choice of the initial seed layer dictates the type of crystal structure of atomically-thin MoTe2 films grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). When Mo metal is used as a seed layer, semiconducting 2H-MoTe2 is the only product. Conversely, MoO3 leads to the preferential growth of metallic 1T′-MoTe2. The control over phase growth allows for simultaneous deposition of both 2H-MoTe2 and 1T′-MoTe2 phases on a single substrate during one CVD reaction. Furthermore, Rhodamine 6G dye can be detected using few-layered 1T′-MoTe2 films down to 5 nM concentration, demonstrating surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher than for bulk 1T′-MoTe2.
Catalysis-free transformation of non-graphitising carbons into highly crystalline graphite
Authors: Fogg Jason L. , Putman Kate J. , Zhang Tianyi , Lei Yu , Terrones Mauricio , Harris Peter J. F. , Marks Nigel A. , Suarez-Martinez Irene
Published: July 2020

High-purity graphite is a sought-after material for lithium-ion batteries and graphene production. Most organic materials do not graphitise upon heating unless a metal catalyst is present. The catalyst becomes embedded in the graphite and is difficult to remove. Here, we present a catalysis-free technique capable of producing highly crystalline graphite from materials generally considered incapable of this transformation. Using the furnace inside an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, we perform repeated high-temperature pulsing of polyvinylidene chloride followed by analysis with Raman, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Unexpectedly, ~90% of the sample transforms into highly ordered graphite with very few defects. A combustion route is proposed in which oxygen attacks the structural units that inhibit graphitisation. We apply the same approach to cellulose and obtain ten times more ordered material than conventional furnaces, confirming that polyvinylidene chloride is not an isolated case. Potentially, this method could be used to synthesise graphite from any organic material, including waste sources such as biomass.
Strong metal–support interactions enable highly transparent Pt–Mo2C counter electrodes of bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wu Chunxia , Li Rong , Wang Yinglin , Lu Shuang , Lin Jun , Liu Yichun , Zhang Xintong
Published: July 2020

We fabricated highly transparent Pt–Mo2C counter electrodes utilizing strong metal–support interactions, which resulted in ultra-small size (∼2 nm) and uniformly dispersed Pt clusters.
A 1-to-2 demultiplexer hybrid nanocarrier for cargo delivery and activation
Authors: de Luis Beatriz , García-Fernández Alba , Llopis-Lorente Antoni , Villalonga Reynaldo , Sancenón Félix , Martínez-Máñez Ramón
Published: July 2020

A biocomputing strategy implemented in hybrid nanocarriers for controlled cargo delivery is described.
Heterogeneous photocatalysis of azides: extending nitrene photochemistry to longer wavelengths
Authors: Lemir Ignacio D. , Argüello Juan E. , Lanterna Anabel E. , Scaiano Juan C.
Published: July 2020

Pd-decorated TiO2 can induce azide photochemistry under longer-than-usual irradiation wavelengths and mild reaction conditions to furnish nitrene chemistry products.
One-dimensional electronic systems: metal-chain complexes and organic conductors
Authors: Yoshida Yukihiro , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2020

This feature article highlights and compares the structural and physical properties of typical examples of one-dimensional metal-chain complexes and organic conductors.
Palladium oxide: an excellent topological electronic material with 0-D and 1-D band crossings and definite nontrivial surface states
Authors: Xu Long , Meng Weizhen , Zhang Xiaoming , Dai Xuefang , Liu Ying , Wang Liying , Liu Guodong
Published: July 2020

PdO is an excellent topological semimetal with coexisting 0-D and 1-D band crossings and clear surface states.
Insight into the thermal decomposition of ammonium hexahalogenoiridates(iv) and hexachloroiridate(iii)
Authors: Yusenko Kirill V. , Zvereva Valentina V. , Martynova Svetlana A. , Asanov Igor P. , La Fontaine Camille , Roudenko Olga , Gubanov Alexander I. , Plyusnin Pavel E. , Korenev Sergey V. , Asanova Tatyana I.
Published: July 2020

Decomposition of (NH4)3[IrCl6]·H2O, (NH4)2[IrCl6] and (NH4)2[IrBr6] has been studied. (NH4)2[Ir(NH3)Cl5] and (NH4)2[Ir(NH3)Br5] have been proposed as key intermediates in hydrogen flow. In the inert atmosphere, (NH4)[Ir(NH3)2Cl4] and (NH4)[Ir(NH3)2Br4] were found.
Probing the structural and electronic response of Magnus green salt compounds [Pt(NH2R)4][PtCl4] (R = H, CH3) to pressure
Authors: Richardson Jonathan G. , Benjamin Helen , Moggach Stephen A. , Warren Lisette R. , Warren Mark R. , Allan David R. , Saunders Lucy K. , Morrison Carole A. , Robertson Neil
Published: July 2020

Despite possessing the desirable crystal packing and short Pt⋯Pt stacking distances required for a large piezoresistive response, we explain why the conductivity-pressure response of the Magnus green salt [Pt(NH3)4][PtCl4] is extremely sluggish.
Immunomodulatory activity and protective effects of chokeberry fruit extract on Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice
Authors: Gajić Dragica , Saksida Tamara , Koprivica Ivan , Šenerović Lidija , Morić Ivana , Šavikin Katarina , Menković Nebojša , Pejnović Nada , Stojanović Ivana
Published: July 2020

Chokeberry extract boosts anti-bacterial immune response through the activation of macrophage bactericidal capacity and increased proportions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes resulting in faster eradication of Listeria monocytogenes.
Single-molecule confinement with uniform electrodynamic nanofluidics
Authors: Ghosh Siddharth , Karedla Narain , Gregor Ingo
Published: July 2020

A single-molecule nanofluidic detection method resolving fundamental limit of molecular shot noise along with 1D manipulation of sub-3 nm sized single molecules – a potential application for early detection of COVID-19, cancer and protein misfolding.
Label-free ferrohydrodynamic separation of exosome-like nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Wujun , Cheng Rui , Logun Meghan , Zayas-Viera Maria del Mar , Karumbaiah Lohitash , Mao Leidong
Published: July 2020

Particle ferrohydrodynamics and its device (FerroChip) enables label-free and size-dependent separation of exosome-like nanoparticles with high recovery rate and purity.
Ferroelectric surface photovoltage enhancement in chromium-doped SrTiO3 nanocrystal photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Assavachin Samutr , Nail Benjamin A. , V. Goncalves Renato , Mulcahy Justin R. , Lloyd Sarah E. , Osterloh Frank E.
Published: July 2020

Surface photovoltage spectroscopy discovers abnormally large photovoltage signals possibly associated with a previously unknown ferroelectric effect in Cr-doped SrTiO3 nanocrystals.
Protein glycosylation inLeishmaniaspp.
Authors: Mule Simon Ngao , Saad Joyce Silva , Fernandes Livia Rosa , Stolf Beatriz S. , Cortez Mauro , Palmisano Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

Protein glycosylation is a co- and post-translational modification that, inLeishmaniaparasites, plays key roles in vector–parasite–vertebrate host interaction.
Growth mechanism of CH3NH3I in a vacuum processed perovskite
Authors: Kim Beom-Soo , Han Yoonjay , Kim Jang-Joo
Published: July 2020

Dipole induced adsorption of CH3NH3I in vacuum.
Double Schiff base from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid as an “off–on–off” fluorescence sensor for the sequential detection of In3+ and PPi
Authors: Xing Yujing , Liu Zhihua , Xu Yuankang , Wang Hanyu , Li Linlin , Li Bing , Yang Xiaofeng , Pei Meishan , Zhang Guangyou
Published: July 2020

A double Schiff base T as acceptor for metal ions derived from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid was designed and synthesized, and showed a high selectivity for In3+ in a DMF/H2O buffer solution.
Preparation of noble metal Ag-modified BiVO4 nanosheets and a study on the degradation performance of tetracyclines
Authors: Wu Junda , Wang Yunqi , Liu Zhixiang , Yan Yongsheng , Zhu Zhi
Published: July 2020

A noble metal Ag-modified BiVO4 (Ag-BVO) composite photocatalyst was synthesized by photodeposition technology.
Recent progress on PEDOT:PSS based polymer blends and composites for flexible electronics and thermoelectric devices
Authors: Yang Yan , Deng Hua , Fu Qiang
Published: July 2020

Recent progress on PEDOT:PSS composites by incorporating various polymers and fillers through blending and mixing methods and main focus is put onto the electrical conductivity, stretchability and thermoelectric properties.
Metal-free decarboxylative annulation of N-arylacrylamides with vinyl acids to synthesize benzo[b]azepin-2-ones
Authors: Pan Gao-Ang , Li Yang , Li Jin-Heng
Published: July 2020

An efficient oxidative decarbonylative (3 + 2)/(5 + 2) annulation of N-arylacrylamides with vinyl acids for the synthesis of diverse seven-membered N-heterocycles under metal-free conditions has been developed.
Simple weak-acid derivatives of paclitaxel for remote loading into liposomes and improved therapeutic effects
Authors: Yu Jiang , Zhou Shuang , Li Jinbo , Wang Yingli , Su Yujiao , Chi Dongxu , Wang Jiamei , Wang Xue , He Zhonggui , Lin Guimei , Liu Dan , Wang Yongjun
Published: July 2020

A remote loading liposomal formulation of weak-acid paclitaxel derivative with high encapsulation efficiency and high drug loading, improved therapeutic efficiency and negligible toxicity.
Hollow waxberry-like cobalt–nickel oxide/S,N-codoped carbon nanospheres as a trifunctional electrocatalyst for OER, ORR, and HER
Authors: Zhang Qing , Han Wenjie , Xu Zhixiao , Li Yinling , Chen Lu , Bai Zhengyu , Yang Lin , Wang Xiaolei
Published: July 2020

The catalyst is assembled from small nanoparticles in the shape of a bayberry, and exhibits superior trifunctional electrocatalytic activity.
Integrated leaching–carbonation kinetic model on CO2 mineralization of alkaline solid wastes in a high-gravity rotating packed bed
Authors: Chen Tse-Lun , Pei Si-Lu , Chiang Pen-Chi
Published: July 2020

Ca2+ leaching and carbonation kinetics associated with liquid side mass transfer for CO2 mineralization of alkaline solid wastes in a RPB were determined.
Renewable diesel blendstocks and bioprivileged chemicals distilled from algal biocrude oil converted via hydrothermal liquefaction
Authors: Chen Wan-Ting , Wu Zhenwei , Si Buchun , Zhang Yuanhui
Published: July 2020

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been demonstrated as a promising technology to convert algae into biocrude oil.
An ATP-responsive metabolic cassette comprised of inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase 1 (ITPK1) and inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPK1) buffers diphosphosphoinositol phosphate levels
Authors: Whitfield Hayley , White Gaye , Sprigg Colleen , Riley Andrew M. , Potter Barry V.L. , Hemmings Andrew M. , Brearley Charles A.
Published: July 2020

Inositol polyphosphates are ubiquitous molecular signals in metazoans, as are their pyrophosphorylated derivatives that bear a so-called ‘high-energy’ phosphoanhydride bond. A structural rationale is provided for the ability of Arabidopsis inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase 1 to discriminate between symmetric and enantiomeric substrates in the production of diverse symmetric and asymmetric myo-inositol phosphate and diphospho-myo-inositol phosphate (inositol pyrophosphate) products. Simple tools are applied to chromatographic resolution and detection of known and novel diphosphoinositol phosphates without resort to radiolabeling approaches. It is shown that inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase 1 and inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase comprise a reversible metabolic cassette converting Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 into 5-InsP7 and back in a nucleotide-dependent manner. Thus, inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase 1 is a nexus of bioenergetics status and inositol polyphosphate/diphosphoinositol phosphate metabolism. As such, it commands a role in plants that evolution has assigned to a different class of enzyme in mammalian cells. The findings and the methods described will enable a full appraisal of the role of diphosphoinositol phosphates in plants and particularly the relative contribution of reversible inositol phosphate hydroxykinase and inositol phosphate phosphokinase activities to plant physiology.
Personalised recommendation algorithm based on covariance
Authors: Cai Biao , Huang Yusheng
Published: July 2020

Recommender systems are of great significance in predicting the potential interesting items based on the target user's historical selections. However, the recommendation list for a specific user has been found changing vastly when the system changes. So far, a variety of personalised recommendation algorithms have been proposed and most of them are based on similarities, such as collaborative filtering and mass diffusion. Most of the algorithms aimed at recommendation's accuracy. Here, the authors proposed a new Cov (covariance) recommendation method based on correlation coefficients, which can provide precision of recommendation. First, this method can express the positive and negative correlation among random samples without knowing the distribution of items. Then by limiting the popular items in recommendation list, an improved method is proposed, CovH, which can improve the diversity and novelty in recommendation compared with Cov. By applying the two methods on realistic recommendation datasets, such as Movie‐Lens, Netflix The authors found that comparing with baseline methods, these two algorithms can not only ensure decent accuracy but also have good performance on diversity and novelty indeed.
Researches on the delimitation between the water aeration and oxygenation processes
Authors: Cusma Rasha , Băran Nicolae , Sima Nicolae Vlad , Petroşel Mihaela , Voicu Remus , Stoican (Prisecaru) Mariana Mirela , Constantin Mihaela
Published: July 2020

Considering that in certain papers the aeration processes are confused with the oxygenation processes, a distinction between them must be made. The paper presents modern water aeration and oxygenation installations. The experimental results obtained for the two categories of installations are highlighted. Theoretical and experimental researches aim to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water; this can be done in two ways: I - by introducing atmospheric air into the water; II - by introducing a gaseous mixture consisting of atmospheric air and oxygen. Version II is better, the results being shown in Figure 11.
Determination of hydraulic resistance of the aerothermopressor for gas turbine cyclic air cooling
Authors: Konovalov Dmytro , Kobalava Halina , Radchenko Mykola , Scurtu Ionut-Cristian , Radchenko Roman
Published: July 2020

One of the promising trends to increase the fuel and energy efficiency of gas turbines is contact cooling of cyclic air by using a twophase jet apparatus – an aerothermopressor. The rational parameters of work processes of the aerothermopressor were studied. The experimental setup was designed to simulate the aerothermopressor operation in the cooling air cycle of the gas turbine and to determine pressure losses in the aerothermopressor flow part. Based on the obtained experimental data, an empirical equation was proposed to determine the hydraulic resistance coefficient of the aerothermopressor flow part, depending on the initial pressure and the amount of water injected. The deviation of the calculated hydraulic resistance coefficient from the experimental ones is ± 25 %. The obtained results can be used in the practice of designing the aerothermopressor for gas turbine cyclic air cooling.
Some design characteristics of micro steam turbines for agricultural biomass energy conversion
Authors: Negreanu Gabriel-Paul , Oprea Ion , Berbece Viorel
Published: July 2020

The paper continues the study of reconversion of a 400 kW hot water boiler in a steam generator suitable to valorise the energy content of briquettes and pellets of agricultural biomass. After steam parameters selection (pressure, temperature, mass-flow rate), an overview of main steam machines types (axial, radial, screw, piston engine) is done. Further, a parallel design of most wide-spread ones (Laval, Curtis and radial) were performed, at different rotation speeds, in order to find the best configuration in respect with the flow section dimensions, internal efficiency and power (electrical and thermal) output. The results of the paper could be very useful for the investors in agricultural “waste-toenergy” projects in order to select appropriate technology and equipment.
Compressed air energy storage facility with water tank for thermal recovery
Authors: Vlăducă Iulian , Borzea Claudia , Ionescu Dan , Ţăranu Alexandra , Ciobanu Răzvan , Ringheanu Vicenţiu , Nedelcu Răzvan
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the prototype of the first Romanian Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) installation. The relatively small scale facility consists of a twin-screw compressor, driven by a 110 kW threephase asynchronous motor, which supplies pressurized air into a 50m3 reservoir, of 20 bar maximum pressure. The air from the vessel is released into a twin-screw expander, whose shaft spins a 132 kW electric generator. The demonstrative model makes use of a 5m3 water tank acting as heat transfer unit, for minimising losses and increasing efficiency and the electric power generated. Air compression and decompression induce energy losses, resulting in a low efficiency, mainly caused by air heating during compression, waste heat being released into the atmosphere. A similar problem is air cooling during decompression, lowering the electric power generated. Thus, using a thermal storage unit plays an essential role in the proper functioning of the facility and in generating maximum electric power. Supervisory control and data acquisition is performed from the automation cabinets. During commissioning tests, a constant stable power of around 50 kW with an 80 kW peak was recorded.
Analysis of energy potential of biofuels obtained from camelina sativa
Authors: Ghilvacs Madalina , Carlanescu Razvan , Paraschiv Maria , Prisecaru Malina
Published: July 2020

In a world where the energy demand is increasing daily, energy efficiency and renewable energy play a major role. Our research comes to help fighting the biggest problem that our world is facing today, global warming. This study aims to evaluate the energy potential of biofuels obtained from camelina sativa in order to reduce fossil fuel dependence, greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency. Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a cruciferous oilseed plant belonging to the Brassicaceae (mustard) family with the common name false flax and gold of pleasure. Since camelina can grow under different conditions without being a competitor of food land, this energetic plant can be used for production of both, firstand second-generation biofuels. In our study we determined the elemental analysis of the subproducts obtained from camelina sativa, through experimental tests, and we built a mathematical model to determine the calorific power and to simulate the burning of the biofuels into a steam generator in order to analyse the energy potential. The results show us that the biofuels obtained from camelina sativa can represent an alternative to fossil fuels and should be considered in the transition to green energy.