bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are graphic health warnings impacting on message processing and quitting intentions?
Authors: Pham Cuong , Pang Bo , Knox Kathy , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Graphic health warnings (GHWs) on tobacco product packaging constitute one component within a multifaceted set of tobacco control measures. This study aims to understand whether consumers’ attention to GHWs will be associated with recall and quit intentions, using Australia as the case for this study.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the 14 GHWs currently in market as visual stimuli, non-probability intercept sampling was conducted, eye tracking and post-survey datasets were collected from a total of 419 respondents across three Australian cities.

Findings

Results show the front graphic image areas draw initial attention and the Quitline message area holds the longest attention duration. Attention is highly correlated with better quality of recall of health warning information, emotive responses, believability ratings among smokers and smokers’ perception of health risks and quit intentions. Associations are also noted with perceived health risk and quitting intentions.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that has objectively tested the effectiveness of in-market tobacco GHWs in Australia and highlights eye tracking as a valid measurement approach that can enhance and drive new insights to evaluate consumer behaviour towards visual stimuli. This study extends new knowledge around the physiological relationships between viewing behaviours, health vulnerability perceptions and intentions to quit smoking, which has theoretical implications for the extended parallel process model which underpins this research.
Assessing the role of ICT, governance, and infrastructure on inbound tourism demand in India
Authors: Sharma Manu , Mohapatra Geetilaxmi , Giri Arun Kumar
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The main purpose of the present research is to explore the possible effectiveness of information and communication technology (ICT), infrastructure development, exchange rate and governance on inbound tourism demand using time series data in India.

Design/methodology/approach

The stationarity of the variables is checked by using the ADF, PP and KPSS unit root tests. The paper uses the Bayer-Hanck and auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration to examine the existence of long-run relationships; the error-correction mechanism for the short-run dynamics and the vector error correction method (VECM) to test the direction of causality.

Findings

The findings of the research indicate the presence of cointegration among the variables. Further, long-run results indicate infrastructure development, word-of-mouth and ICT have a positive and significant linkage with international tourist arrivals in India. However, ICT has a positive and significant effect on tourist arrivals in the short run as well. The VECM results indicate long-run unidirectional causality from infrastructure, ICT, governance and exchange rate to tourist arrivals.

Research limitations/implications

This study implies that inbound tourism demand in India can be augmented by improving infrastructure, governance quality and ICT penetration. For an emerging country like India, this may have far-reaching implications for sustaining and improving tourism sector growth.

Originality/value

This paper is the first of its kind to empirically examine the impact of ICT, infrastructure and governance quality in India using modern econometric techniques. Inbound tourism demand research aids government and policymakers in developing effective public policies that would reposition India to gain from a highly competitive global tourism industry.
The local food supply, willingness to pay and the sustainability of an island destination
Authors: Linnes Cathrine , Weinland Jeffrey Thomas , Ronzoni Giulio , Lema Joseph , Agrusa Jerome
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the trend toward purchasing locally grown food and evaluate if tourists visiting Hawai'i are willing to pay more for locally produced foods that are more ecologically sustainable.

Design/methodology/approach

A research questionnaire was developed in order to investigate the attitudes and behaviors of tourists from the continental United States visiting Hawai'i in purchasing locally grown food in Hawai'i. The final sample includes 454 valid survey responses collected via Momentive, a market research services company.

Findings

According to the findings of this study, there are economic prospects to expand the use of locally cultivated food into the tourists' experience, as well as a willingness for tourists to support these activities financially. The Contingent Valuation study revealed that tourists from the continental United States were ready to pay a higher price to purchase food that is locally grown, signifying that tourists to Hawai'i are willing to aid the local agriculture business by increasing their restaurant/hotel meal bill, which will help Hawai'i become a more sustainable tourist destination.

Research limitations/implications

While tourists from the United States mainland, which is the “an islands” top tourist market, have agreed with paying extra or an additional fee for locally grown food products, this study might not accurately represent the attitudes and behaviors of international tourists visiting Hawai'i. Future research should focus on the international tourist markets which may have different social norms or cultural differences thus could provide a broader spectrum of the current study's findings.

Originality/value

The results of this study provided quantitative evidence that tourists from the United States are interested in purchasing locally grown food items in Hawaii in addition to their willingness to pay an additional fee for these locally grown food products at a restaurant or a hotel dining room, thus addressing a gap in the tourism research.
Reliability and maintainability optimization of load haul dump machines using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Saini Monika , Sinwar Deepak , Swarith Alapati Manas , Kumar Ashish
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Reliability and maintainability estimation of any system depends on the identification of the best-fitted probability distribution of failure and repair rates. The parameters of the best-fitted probability distribution are also contributing significantly to reliability estimation. In this work, a case study of load haul dump (LHD) machines is illustrated that consider the optimization of failure and repair rate parameters using two well established metaheuristic approaches, namely, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). This paper aims to analyze the aforementioned points.

Design/methodology/approach

The data on time between failures (TBF) and time to repairs (TTR) are collected for a LHD machine. The descriptive statistical analysis of TBF & TTR data is performed, trend and serial correlation tested and using Anderson–Darling (AD) value best-fitted distributions are identified for repair and failure times of various subsystems. The traditional methods of estimation like maximum likelihood estimation, method of moments, least-square estimation method help only in finding the local solution. Here, for finding the global solution two well-known metaheuristic approaches are applied.

Findings

The reliability of the LHD machine after 60 days on the real data set is 28.55%, using GA on 250 generations is 17.64%, and using PSO on 100 generations and 100 iterations is 30.25%. The PSO technique gives the global best value of reliability.

Practical implications

The present work will be very convenient for reliability engineers, researchers and maintenance managers to understand the failure and repair pattern of LHD machines. The same methodology can be applied in other process industries also.

Originality/value

In this case study, initially likelihood function of the best-fitted distribution is optimized by GA and PSO. Reliability and maintainability of LHD machines evaluated by the traditional approach, GA and PSO are compared. These results will be very helpful for maintenance engineers to plan new maintenance strategies for better functioning of LHD machines.
Why customer primacy must become the driver of performance at JP Morgan
Authors: Denning Stephen
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Investors balked when JP Morgan Chase bank planned to spend heavily on technology. They understood that to succeed in digital, JPM needs to base its strategy on what unique benefits customers will get now and in the future from its digital banking services.

Design/methodology/approach

JPM must rethink how banking can be re-invented to improve customers’ lives, using the new capabilities of digital.

Findings

Because of its lack of a customer focus, JPM’s market capitalization is not only growing more slowly than the tech giants, it is growing even more slowly even than the average S%P 500 company.

Practical/implications

The lesson is that companies with a customer primacy mission statement and a supporting, well designed investment strategy, out perform their peers.

Originality/value

The article links customer primacy mission statements, future oriented tech investment strategies and successful corporate growth.
Speech–language pathologists’ perceived competence in serving people with Parkinson's in India: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Niharika M.K. , Annitha G. , Thrylokya Ravichandran , Patel Ravi
Published: August 2022

Background

Speech–language pathologists are often involved in the assessment and management of communication, cognition and swallowing deficits in people with Parkinson's. However, speech–language pathologists’ self‐perceived competency levels in serving people with Parkinson's remain elusive, especially in the Indian context where there is an increasing disability burden due to Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the challenges faced by speech–language pathologists in India to provide efficient services to this population are unidentified.

Aims

To determine speech–language pathologists’ self‐perceived competence and challenges faced when providing services to people with Parkinson's in India.

Methods & Procedures

A survey questionnaire was sent to speech–language pathologists through emails and social media asking them questions to evaluate self‐perceived competency in serving people with Parkinson's and to identify the challenges to their service delivery. A total of 69 speech–language pathologists responded to the survey.

Outcomes & Results

The majority of respondents reported to be competent in dealing with various domains of assessment and management of people with Parkinson's. Although competent, they reportedly faced a few challenges during their service delivery.

Conclusions & Implications

This study provides an insight into the speech–language pathologists’ self‐perceived competency in serving people with Parkinson's in India, and also identifies the challenges related to interprofessional service delivery. The findings of the study have educational and clinical implications.

What this paper adds

The study delineates speech–language pathologists’ self‐perceived competency in working with people with Parkinson's in India, a nation that is seeing a constant rise in the incidence of Parkinson's disease.

The study the unique challenges within India to speech–language pathologists’ service delivery for people with Parkinson's, thus having educational and clinical implications in Parkinson's disease care.
New insight into the production improvement and resource generation of chaetoglobosin A in Chaetomium globosum
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Lin Congyu , Cheng Ming , Zhang Kai , Wang Zhengran , Zhao Tong , Yang Qian
Published: August 2022

Chaetoglobosin A is a complex macrocyclic alkaloid with potent antimycotic, antiparasitic and antitumor properties. However, the low output and high cost of chaetoglobosin A biosynthesis have hampered the application and commercialization of chaetoglobosin A in agriculture and biomedicine. Here, the CgMfs1 gene, which encodes the major facilitator superfamily secondary transporter, was identified based on bioinformatics analysis, and an intensive study of its effects on chaetoglobosin A biosynthesis and secretion was performed using CgMfs1‐silencing and CgMfs1‐overexpression strategies. Inactivation of CgMfs1 caused a notable decrease in chaetoglobosin A yield from 58.66 mg/L to 19.95 mg/L (MFS1–3) and 17.13 mg/L (MFS1–4). The use of an efficient expression plasmid in Chaetomium globosum W7 to generate the overexpression mutant OEX13 resulted in the highest chaetoglobosin A increase to 298.77 mg/L. Interestingly, the transcription level of the polyketide synthase gene significantly fluctuated with the change in CgMfs1, confirming that the predicted efflux gene CgMfs1 could play a crucial role in chaetoglobosin A transportation. Effective efflux of chaetoglobosin A could possibly alleviate feedback inhibition, resulting in notable increase in the expression of the polyketide synthase gene. Furthermore, we utilized cornstalk as the fermentation substrate to produce chaetoglobosin A, and scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy revealed that the strain OEX13 could well degrade cornstalk, presenting significant increases in the chaetoglobosin A yield, when compared with that produced by the wild‐type strain (from 40.32 to 191.90 mg/L). Thus, this research provides a novel analogous engineering strategy for the construction of high‐yielding strain and offers new insight into large‐scale chaetoglobosin A production.
Targets' Accounting Conservatism and the Gains from Acquisition*
Authors: Ahmed Anwer S. , Chen Lucy Huajing , Duellman Scott , Sun Yan
Published: August 2022

We present evidence on the effects of target firms' accounting conservatism in a merger and acquisition transaction. Conservatism is distinct from other accounting or accrual quality constructs examined in prior work. Its unique features can lead to potential benefits for both the targets and the acquirers. The use of conservatism by targets reduces acquirers' risks of acquiring underperforming assets or overpaying for well‐performing assets. In addition, targets' conservatism results in greater production of verifiable information that can help the acquirers better estimate and realize synergies of the combined firm. Consistent with these arguments, we find that firms with greater accounting conservatism are more likely to receive a bid. We also find that targets' conservatism increases the deal premium and the announcement returns of both the targets and the acquirers, respectively. Overall, these results indicate that conservatism provides benefits to both sellers and buyers of equity in an acquisition transaction.
The rise of market power and firms' investment: Evidence from China
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Zhang Mengjie , Zhang Xuefang
Published: August 2022

Following De Loecker et al. (2020) we characterise the evolution of market power based on listed firm data in the Chinese economy from 2000 to 2019. The increase is mainly driven by a few superstar firms. In addition, we find strong evidence of an inverted U‐shape relation between market power and investment. Increasing market power encourages competing firms to invest in beating the competition but discourages firms from investing in an unequal economy because of the decline in investment payoffs. These findings indicate that the superstar firm effect harms investment, resulting in a potential decline in the economic growth rate.
Education plays a crucial role in the pathway from poverty to smoking: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shi Xiaoqiang , Yuan Wenji , Cao Qingyi , Cui Wenyan
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Disproportionately high rates of smoking have been found in low‐income communities, but the causal direction and role of education in this relationship remains less well understood. Here, we used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to measure the causal relationships between smoking, income and education.

Design

Two‐sample univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to evaluate the total and direct effect of income and education on tobacco smoking. The effects of smoking on education and income were explored with reverse MR analysis.

Setting

European ancestry.

Participants

The most recent large‐scale genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary data on educational attainment, household income and smoking (n = 143 210–766 345).

Measurements

Genetic variants for exposures including income, education and smoking.

Findings

Both income and education had protective effects against smoking, especially for smoking initiation (education: β = −0.447, 95% CI = −0.508 to −0.387, P < 0.001; income: β = −0.290, 95% CI = −0.43 to −0.149, P < 0.001) and cessation (education: β = −0.364, 95% CI = −0.429 to −0.298, P < 0.001; income: β = −0.323, 95% CI = −0.448 to −0.197, P < 0.001). Here, higher scores in cessation indicated a lower likelihood of quitting according to the coding scheme. There was little evidence that income influenced smoking once education was controlled for, whereas education could significantly affect smoking behaviours independently of income (P = 3.40 × 10−10–0.0272). The reverse MR results suggested that smoking may result in a loss of years of schooling (β = −0.190, 95% CI = −0.297 to −0.083, P < 0.001) and reduced earnings (β = −0.204, 95% CI = −0.347 to −0.060, P = 0.006).

Conclusions

Education appears to play an important role in the relationship between income and smoking. There is a bidirectional association of smoking with socioeconomic status.
Effect of fluence levels on prophylactic corneal cross‐linking for laser in situ keratomileusis and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy
Authors: Lu Nan‐Ji , Hafezi Farhad , Torres‐Netto Emilio A. , Assaf Jad F. , Aslanides Ioannis M. , Awwad Shady T. , Chen Shihao , Cui Le‐Le , Koppen Carina
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of various fluence levels on prophylactic corneal cross‐linking (CXL) combined with femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS‐LASIK‐Xtra) or transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK‐Xtra) on biomechanics, demarcation line (DL), and stromal haze.

Methods

Prospective analysis where two prophylactic CXL protocols (lower/higher fluence [LF/HF]: 30 mw/cm2, 60/80 s, 1.8/2.4 J/cm2) were performed as part of either an FS‐LASIK‐Xtra or TransPRK‐Xtra procedure. Data were collected preoperatively and at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Main outcome measures were (1) dynamic corneal response parameters and the stress–strain index (SSI) from Corvis, (2) actual DL depth (ADL), and (3) stromal haze on OCT images analysed by a machine learning algorithm.

Results

Eighty‐six eyes from 86 patients underwent FS‐LASIK‐Xtra‐HF (21 eyes), FS‐LASIK‐Xtra‐LF (21 eyes), TransPRK‐Xtra‐HF (23 eyes), and TransPRK‐Xtra‐LF (21 eyes). SSI increased similarly by around 15% in all groups 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.155). All other corneal biomechanical parameters were statistically significant worsening postoperatively, but the change was similar in all groups. At 1 month postoperatively, there was no statistical difference in mean ADL among four groups (p = 0.613), mean stromal haze was similar between the two FS‐LASIK‐Xtra groups, but higher in the TransPRK‐Xtra‐HF group compared with the TransPRK‐Xtra‐LF group.

Conclusions

FS‐LASIK‐Xtra and TransPRK‐Xtra lead to a similar ADL and improve SSI equally. Lower fluence prophylactic CXL might be recommended as it achieves similar mean ADL with potentially less induced stromal haze, especially in TransPRK. The clinical relevance and applicability of such protocols remains to be assessed.
Interconnection between cardiovascular, renal and metabolic disorders: A narrative review with a focus on Japan
Authors: Kadowaki Takashi , Maegawa Hiroshi , Watada Hirotaka , Yabe Daisuke , Node Koichi , Murohara Toyoaki , Wada Jun
Published: August 2022

Insights from epidemiological, clinical and basic research are illuminating the interplay between metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney dysfunction, termed cardio‐renal‐metabolic (CRM) disease. Broadly defined, CRM disease involves multidirectional interactions between metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), various types of CVD and chronic kidney disease (CKD). T2D confers increased risk for heart failure, which—although well known—has only recently come into focus for treatment, and may differ by ethnicity, whereas atherosclerotic heart disease is a well‐established complication of T2D. Many people with T2D also have CKD, with a higher risk in Asians than their Western counterparts. Furthermore, CVD increases the risk of CKD and vice versa, with heart failure, notably, present in approximately half of CKD patients. Molecular mechanisms involved in CRM disease include hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, hyperactivity of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, production of advanced glycation end‐products, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium‐handling abnormalities, mitochondrial malfunction and deficient energy production, and chronic inflammation. Pathophysiological manifestations of these processes include diabetic cardiomyopathy, vascular endothelial dysfunction, cardiac and renal fibrosis, glomerular hyperfiltration, renal hypoperfusion and venous congestion, reduced exercise tolerance leading to metabolic dysfunction, and calcification of atherosclerotic plaque. Importantly, recognition of the interaction between CRM diseases would enable a more holistic approach to CRM care, rather than isolated treatment of individual conditions, which may improve patient outcomes. Finally, aspects of CRM diseases may differ between Western and East Asian countries such as Japan, a super‐ageing country, with potential differences in epidemiology, complications and prognosis that represent an important avenue for future research.
Association of dietary diversity with all‐cause mortality by body mass index in Japanese older adults: An age‐specific prospective cohort study (NISSIN project)
Authors: Takabayashi Saeka , Hirata Takumi , Zhao Wenjing , Kimura Takashi , Ukawa Shigekazu , Tsushita Kazuyo , Wakai Kenji , Kawamura Takashi , Ando Masahiko , Tamakoshi Akiko
Published: August 2022

Aim

Dietary diversity might reduce the risk of malnutrition, although it is also linked to obesity. We examined whether dietary diversity is associated with all‐cause mortality in Japanese older adults based on their body mass index (BMI).

Methods

The current study included 2944 people aged 64–65 years who participated in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation (NISSIN) project from 1996 to 2005. Dietary diversity was measured using the Food Variety Score (FVS), which calculates the frequency of all food items consumed daily using a self‐administered food frequency questionnaire. Participants were divided into tertiles according to their FVS (first: low, second: middle, third: high). Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. For the stratified analysis, BMI was used to divide the participants into three groups – lean (BMI <20), normal (BMI 20–24.9) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥25).

Results

Overall, 454 (30.7%) men and 222 (15.2%) women died over a median follow‐up period of 16.6 years. No significant association was observed between FVS and all‐cause mortality. However, when grouped by BMI, for the participants in the lean group, the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios were 0.56 (95% confidence interval 0.32–0.96) for the middle FVS and 0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.25–1.02) for the high FVS, compared with the low FVS (P for trend = 0.059). In overweight/obese women, although not significant, total mortality was higher in the middle and high FVS.

Conclusions

These findings show that dietary diversity should be promoted in lean older Japanese adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 736–744.
The effects of Kinesio taping and breathing exercises on pain management after gynaecological abdominal surgery: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Yılmaz Sakine , Terzioğlu Füsun
Published: August 2022

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Kinesio taping and breathing exercises on pain management after gynaecological abdominal surgery.

Methods

This randomized controlled study was conducted with 132 participants at a public hospital between June 2017 and 2018. The Kinesio taping method was applied once, immediately after the surgery during the hospital stay and breathing exercises were performed three times a day for 30 min on the first, second and third post‐operative days.

Results

The median age of the women was 47 years. The mean body mass index was 27.6 ± 5.0 kg/m2. When the intervention and control groups were compared, the level of women's pain in the Kinesio taping group was significantly reduced. There was also a statistically significant difference in terms of the passage of gas and defecation time and wound healing in groups with Kinesio taping.

Conclusions

Kinesio taping has been shown to be an effective intervention in the management of acute pain after surgery. The results of this study suggest that future studies may be indicated to study taping in other surgical conditions.
Aging is accompanied by T‐cell stiffening and reduced interstitial migration through dysfunctional nuclear organization
Authors: González‐Bermúdez Blanca , Kobayashi Hikaru , Abarca‐Ortega Aldo , Córcoles‐Lucas Miguel , González‐Sánchez Mónica , De la Fuente Mónica , Guinea Gustavo V. , Elices Manuel , Plaza Gustavo R.
Published: August 2022

Age‐associated changes in T‐cell function play a central role in immunosenescence. The role of aging in the decreased T‐cell repertoire, primarily because of thymic involution, has been extensively studied. However, increasing evidence indicates that aging also modulates the mechanical properties of cells and the internal ordering of diverse cell components. Cellular functions are generally dictated by the biophysical phenotype of cells, which itself is also tightly regulated at the molecular level. Based on previous evidence suggesting that the relative nuclear size contributes to variations of T‐cell stiffness, here we examined whether age‐associated changes in T‐cell migration are dictated by biophysical parameters, in part through nuclear cytoskeleton organization and cell deformability. In this study, we first performed longitudinal analyses of a repertoire of 111 functional, biophysical and biomolecular features of the nucleus and cytoskeleton of mice CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in both naive and memory state. Focusing on the pairwise correlations, we found that age‐related changes in nuclear architecture and internal ordering were correlated with T‐cell stiffening and declined interstitial migration. A similarity analysis confirmed that cell‐to‐cell variation was a direct result of the aging process and we applied regression models to identify biomarkers that can accurately estimate individuals' age. Finally, we propose a biophysical model for a comprehensive understanding of the results: aging involves an evolution of the relative nuclear size, in part through DNA‐hypomethylation and nuclear lamin B1, which implies an increased cell stiffness, thus inducing a decline in cell migration.
Online stochastic weighted matching algorithm for real‐time shared parking
Authors: Tang Zhenpeng , Jiang Yanping , Yang Feifei
Published: August 2022

Parking management plays an important role in the efficiency of transportation systems. We study the problem of matching shared parking slots with demanders online on a parking platform with the aim of managing parking spaces intelligently and efficiently. In our setting, the demanders submitting parking requests sequentially are assumed to be drawn from a distribution over demander types. No further assumptions about the demander arrival stream are needed. Matching decisions are triggered by arrival events instead of time points. This benefits the demanders by immediate responses to parking requests. An online matching algorithm is designed to make real‐time decisions and maximize social welfare. We demonstrated that the algorithm has a large competitive ratio, which implies a good performance of the algorithm. Numerical experiments are conducted to further examine the performance of the algorithm. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve such a large competitive ratio in a real‐time matching way as the batch matching algorithm does in a serious delay matching way.
Operation strategy in an E‐commerce platform supply chain: whether and how to introduce live streaming services?
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Chen Haoran , Liu Zhi
Published: August 2022

E‐commerce platforms provide sales channels for enterprises to exploit more markets. Meanwhile, E‐commerce platform supply chain members are increasingly using live streaming services to boost profits. However, whether to introduce live streaming services to E‐commerce platform supply chain and which operation strategy to implement is unclear. In this study, we construct three models to examine the operation strategy in an E‐commerce platform supply chain by considering live streaming services. The results show that introducing live streaming services is always beneficial for both the E‐commerce platform and live streaming services supplier. When live streaming services is introduced and an appropriate revenue sharing proportion and signing fees are set by the E‐commerce platform supply chain members, the operation strategy of live streaming services introduced and implemented by the manufacturer is the consistent choice for E‐commerce platform supply chain members, which is also beneficial for E‐commerce platform supply chain system and consumers.
Investigation on antiferroelectricity of Pb0.97La0.02(Hf1−xTix)O3ceramics with low Ti content (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1)
Authors: Xu Ran , Wang Mengjiao , Zhu Qingshan , Xu Zhuo , Feng Yujun , Wei Xiaoyong
Published: August 2022

PbHfO3was found with antiferroelectricity early and identical to PbZrO3in many aspects but much less attention was received. In the present work, the PbHfO3‐based ceramics with compositions of Pb0.97La0.02(Hf1−xTix)O3(PLHT, 0 ≤ x≤ 0.1) were fabricated, and their antiferroelectricity was investigated. All the compositions have an initially antiferroelectric (AFE) phase and by introducing Ti content, the AFE phase is destabilized. Typical AFE‐like double polarization‐electric field (P–E) loop was observed in compositions with 0 ≤ x≤ 0.08. Whenx= 0.10, the composition is initially AFE but remains ferroelectric (FE) phase after the removal of the external electric field, resulting in an FE‐like singleP–Eloop. The temperature dependence of phase transition and multiple phase transition behavior in PLHT was also studied. This work revealed the antiferroelectricity in PLHT with low Ti content. In addition, the potential application of PLHT for energy storage and conversion was also discussed. A recoverable energy density of 7.1 J/cm3and efficiency of 78.5% were achieved in Pb0.97La0.02HfO3at 300 kV/cm.
Impact of maxillofacial growth on implants placed in adults: A narrative review
Authors: Papalexopoulos Dimokritos , Samartzi Theodora‐Kalliopi , Tsirogiannis Panagiotis , Sykaras Nikitas , Sarafianou Aspasia , Kourtis Stefanos , Mikeli Aikaterini
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine the effect of lifetime maxillofacial changes on dental implants placed in adults, analyze the clinical implications of these changes, identify prognostic factors, and offer possible solutions.

Overview

The relationship between implant placement and maxillofacial changes, occurring during not only the active growth period but also the entire span of adulthood, has not been extensively examined. Vertical differences between implants and adjacent teeth due to the ankylotic behavior of the former might be observed at any age and endanger restoration biologically, functionally, and esthetically. Regarding interproximal contacts, firm contact loss may occur within a few months after restoration, resulting in food impaction. Many prognostic factors have been reported, but most do not exhibit a statistically significant association with implant infraocclusion and interproximal contact loss. Incorporation of alternative solutions, accurate treatment planning, strict recall protocols, and retrievability of implant‐supported restorations can facilitate efficient management of complications.

Conclusion

Maxillomandibular changes throughout adulthood may lead to complications such as implant infraocclusion and interproximal contact loss. Rehabilitation of edentulism should be characterized by well‐designed and flexible treatment plans to resolve long‐term complications efficiently. Further long‐term clinical studies are needed to identify other risk factors.

Clinical Significance

Treatment plans for implant therapy should be reconsidered for adults. Careful patient monitoring and early intervention are essential for securing treatment outcomes.
Rebound effect and sustainability science: A review
Authors: Font Vivanco David , Freire‐González Jaume , Galvin Ray , Santarius Tilman , Walnum Hans Jakob , Makov Tamar , Sala Serenella
Published: August 2022

Rebound effects have been historically studied through narrow framings which may overlook the complexity of sustainability challenges, sometimes leading to badly informed conclusions and policy recommendations. Here we present a critical literature review of rebound effects in the context of sustainability science in order to (1) map existing rebound research which goes beyond mainstream approaches, (2) unveil and classify current knowledge gaps in relation to sustainability science, (3) outline a research agenda, and (4) provide a knowledge base to support the design of effective policies toward sustainable development. We analyzed the literature in accordance with seven criteria for sustainable assessment: boundary orientedness, comprehensiveness, integratedness, stakeholder involvement, scalability, strategicness, and transparency. Our review identified three main issues: (1) the failure to address the multidimensionality of rebound effects, whereby both negative and positive outcomes may arise simultaneously, (2) the shift toward absolute rebound metrics which enables the contextualization of its effect with respect to science and policy goals, and (3) a general lack of attention to behavioral effects. We conclude that addressing these issues will help rebound research gain explanatory power and relevance for key decision‐makers. We envision that with better alignment with sustainability science, future rebound research could help elucidate trade‐offs in policies, including why certain strategies such as those based on the circular economy might fall short of expectations, and why achieving key goals and targets such as the sustainable development goals is so challenging. This knowledge is crucial for promoting a prioritization of actions and a concrete transition toward sustainability.
Outcomes of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug toxicosis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange in 62 dogs
Authors: Butty Emmanuelle M. , Suter Steven E. , Chalifoux Nolan V. , Lynch Alex M. , Mauro Katie D. , Moyle Rachel B. , Ehrhardt Caryn M. , Robertson James B. , Culler Christine A. , Londoño Leonel A. , Vigani Alessio , Ueda Yu , Labato Mary A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is gaining popularity for the management of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) overdose in dogs.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Describe a population of dogs treated with TPE for NSAID overdose.

Animals

Sixty‐two dogs with NSAID overdose treated with TPE.

Methods

Multicenter retrospective study of dogs treated with TPE for ibuprofen, carprofen, or naproxen overdose.

Results

The median dose of ibuprofen, carprofen or naproxen ingested was 533 mg/kg (range, 36‐4857 mg/kg), 217 mg/kg (range, 88‐625 mg/kg) and 138 mg/kg (range, 26‐3000 mg/kg), respectively. Based on previously established toxic ranges for each NSAID, 2 (3.2%), 14 (22.6%), and 46 (74.2%) dogs ingested a gastrointestinal, renal, and neurological toxic dose, respectively. The median time between ingestion and presentation was 4 hours (range, 1‐20 hours). The median number of plasma volumes processed was 1.6 (range, 0.4‐2.2). The median TPE session duration was 2 hours (range, 1‐4.5 hours). Circuit clotting developed during 8 (12.9%) sessions. Patient adverse events reported during 21 (33.8%) sessions consisted of urticaria (12.9%), asymptomatic hypocalcemia (9.6%), and hypotension (9.6%). The median duration of hospitalization was 2.25 days (range, 1‐11 days). Sixty‐one (98.4%) dogs survived to discharge, and none were rehospitalized. Thirty‐one (91.1%) of the 34 dogs with at least 1 follow‐up visit were not azotemic at the time of reevaluation.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This population of dogs managed with TPE had excellent outcomes, even in cases of high NSAID dose ingestion. When TPE is available and the time frame is appropriate, this extracorporeal modality should be considered for the management of NSAID overdose.
Effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) on chlorine-adapted Salmonella enterica on spring onion
Authors: Kazemzadeh P. , Khorram S. , Mahmoudzadeh M. , Ehsani A.
Published: August 2022

One of the main drawbacks of chlorine disinfectants is the emergence of chlorine adapted (CA) or resistant microbial cells. This research aimed to investigate the effect of chlorine adaptation on resistance of Salmonella enterica upon atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) application at different voltages (6, 8 and 11 kV) and times (5, 10 and 15 min). Due to higher conversion efficiency and reduced dielectric barrier discharge power consumption, this method was used for cold plasma generation in this study. A higher lethality effect was observed from a higher voltage and longest times (11 kV-15 min) on CA S. enterica than on non-CA (P < 0·05). Still, it induced higher percentages of injured cells in CA (58·77%) than on non-CA (0·61%) (P < 0·05). The highest ACP effect on the inactivation of the indigenous natural flora of onion leaves was observed at the lowest voltage (P < 0·05). More than 3 log CFU/g reduction (P < 0·05) was observed at 6 kV after 5 and 10 min. ACP reduced CA and non-CA S. enterica cells on onion leaf surface to a lower extent than pure-treated cells in broth media. Nevertheless, similar to broth media, a high percentage of injury (61·03%) was induced on CA cells at higher voltage (11 kV-10 min) compared to non-CA (2·15%) (P < 0·05). Biofilm results revealed ACP application (6 kV-5 min) reduced average ODs in CA and non-CA cells (P < 0·05). Chlorine adaptation and ACP treatment influenced the antibiotic resistance pattern according to applied voltage, time and antibiotic type. The finding showed despite the highest lethality of high voltages and long times (11 kV-15 min), given the high percentages of injured cells, lower voltages may offer acceptable inactivation of pathogenic bacteria with lower injury induction. In conclusion, ACP has the potential ability to eliminate CA cells of S. enterica, which are predominant in fresh-cut vegetable outbreaks.
Asymptotic analysis of long‐term investment with two illiquid and correlated assets
Authors: Chen Xinfu , Dai Min , Jiang Wei , Qin Cong
Published: August 2022

We consider a long‐term portfolio choice problem with two illiquid and correlated assets, which is associated with an eigenvalue problem in the form of a variational inequality. The eigenvalue and the free boundaries implied by the variational inequality correspond to the portfolio's optimal long‐term growth rate and the optimal trading strategy, respectively. After proving the existence and uniqueness of viscosity solutions for the eigenvalue problem, we perform an asymptotic expansion in terms of small correlations and obtain semi‐analytical approximations of the free boundaries and the optimal growth rate. Our leading order expansion implies that the free boundaries are orthogonal to each other at four corners and have C1 regularity. We propose an efficient numerical algorithm based on the expansion, which proves to be accurate even for large correlations and transaction costs. Moreover, following the approximate trading strategy, the resulting growth rate is very close to the optimal one.
Teacher and Parent Perspectives on the Use of Genetic Information in Schools
Authors: Tan Mei , Markov Ilya , Mourgues Catalina , Grigorenko Elena L.
Published: August 2022

While the predictive power of genetic information is not yet strong enough to apply to individuals in the classroom, this study aimed to explore how genetic information may be received in educational settings as a potentially important source of individual differences in academic achievement and learning difficulties. Focus group discussions with teachers and parents were analyzed using qualitative and linguistic methods. Results showed that teachers and parents had similar knowledge of and questions about genetic information and how it could be used in education; both expressed concerns regarding the ethics of its use and suggested other professionals that should be involved in decisions regarding genetic input in education. Parents' personal struggles to obtain appropriate diagnoses and support for their children with learning difficulties, however, added an emotional edge to their views. Families' direct experiences with educational systems, often adversarial, afford them an authority that should be acknowledged by policymakers.
Programmatic adaptations to acute malnutrition screening and treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wrabel Maria , Stokes‐Walters Ronald , King Sarah , Funnell Grace , Stobaugh Heather
Published: August 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic presented numerous challenges to acute malnutrition screening and treatment. To enable continued case identification and service delivery while minimising transmission risks, many organisations and governments implemented adaptations to community‐based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes for children under 5. These included: Family mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC); modified admission and discharge criteria; modified dosage of therapeutic foods; and reduced frequency of follow‐up visits. This paper presents qualitative findings from a larger mixed methods study to document practitioners' operational experiences and lessons learned from these adaptations. Findings reflect insights from 37 interviews representing 15 organisations in 17 countries, conducted between July 2020 and January 2021. Overall, interviewees indicated that adaptations were mostly well‐accepted by staff, caregivers and communities. Family MUAC filled screening gaps linked to COVID‐19 disruptions; however, challenges included long‐term accuracy of caregiver measurements; implementing an intervention that could increase demand for inconsistent services; and limited guidance to monitor programme quality and impact. Modified admission and discharge criteria and modified dosage streamlined logistics and implementation with positive impacts on staff workload and caregiver understanding of the programme. Reduced frequency of visits enabled social distancing by minimising crowding at facilities and lessened caregivers' need to travel. Concerns remained about how adaptations impacted children's identification for and progress through treatment and programme outcomes. Most respondents anticipated reverting to standard protocols once transmission risks were mitigated. Further evidence, including multi‐year programmatic data analysis and rigorous research, is needed in diverse contexts to understand adaptations' impacts, including how to ensure equity and mitigate unintended consequences.
Sin and the Social World
Authors: Finn Daniel K.
Published: August 2022

Daniel Lee Hill and Ty Kieser critique accounts of “supra‐personal sin” by asking whether such accounts violate the doctrine of the sinlessness of Christ. Their description of discourse about sinful social structures that relies on analysis from critical realist sociology in current Christian ethics is largely accurate but adds a mistaken assumption that such discourse is an attempt to account for “social sin.” On the contrary, this understanding of sinful social structures accounts for the presence of sin in the social world by understanding that persons, not structures, commit sins, but that social structures are accurately described as sinful when they present persons within them with incentives that encourage sinful decisions. Those who endorse a notion of social sin may wish to respond to the criticisms of Hill and Kieser, but with a focus on sinful social structures, there is no need for talk of “social sin,” “structural sin,” or “supra‐personal sin.”1
Protein kinase A participates in hyphal and appressorial development by targeting Efg1‐mediated transcription of a Rab GTPase in Setosphaeria turcica
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Shen Shen , Hao Zhimin , Wang Qing , Zhang Yumei , Zhao Yulan , Tong Yameng , Zeng Fanli , Dong Jingao
Published: August 2022

The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of the development and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is the conserved element downstream of cAMP, and its diverse mechanisms in multiple filamentous fungi are not well known yet. In the present study, gene knockout mutants of two catalytic subunits of PKA (PKA‐C) in Setosphaeria turcica were created to illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of PKA‐Cs on the development and pathogenicity of S. turcica. As a result, StPkaC2 was proved to be the main contributor of PKA activity in S. turcica. In addition, it was found that both StPkaC1 and StPkaC2 were necessary for conidiation and invasive growth, while only StPkaC2 played a negative role in the regulation of filamentous growth. We reveal that only StPkaC2 could interact with the transcription factor StEfg1, and it inhibited the transcription of StRAB1, a Rab GTPase homologue coding gene in S. turcica, whereas StPkaC1 could specifically interact with a transcriptional regulator StFlo8, which could rescue the transcriptional inhibition of StEfg1 on StRAB1. We also demonstrated that StRAB1 could positively influence the biosynthesis of chitin in hyphae, thus changing the filamentous growth. Our findings clarify that StPkaC2 participates in chitin biosynthesis to modulate mycelium development by targeting the Efg1‐mediated transcription of StRAB1, while StFlo8, interacting with StPkaC1, acts as a negative regulator during this process.