bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Property and Empire
Authors: McAuslan Patrick
Published: October 2015

This article argues that spatial re-ordering in the interests of globalisation goes back to the very beginning of modern Western empires. It does this by exploring the role of land law in globalisation. It shows that there is a remarkable continuity stretching back some 800 or more years in the use of land law to spearhead first English, but now Anglo-American, inputs into and interference with the spatial ordering and national land laws of countries in the developing world. This interference extends even into attempts to re-order land laws and land management as part of programmes of post-conflict statebuilding.
Twelve not so angry men: Inclusive masculinities in Australian contact sports
Authors: Murray Ashnil , White Adam
Published: October 2015

Sport’s utility in the development of a conservative orthodox ideal of masculinity based upon homophobia, aggression and emotional restrictiveness is well evidenced in critical masculinities scholarship. However, contemporary research is reflecting a more nuanced understanding of male behaviour in many Western contexts, with men performing softer and more inclusive versions of masculinities. Through exploring the experiences of twelve Australian contact sport athletes, this research establishes findings to support the growing body of inclusive masculinities research. Results show that these men value a softer representation of masculinity based upon pro-gay sentiments and being emotionally open, while often being critical of aspects of orthodox masculinities which male team sport previously promoted.
A review of traditional and contemporary assays for direct and indirect detection of Equid herpesvirus 1 in clinical samples
Authors: Balasuriya Udeni B. R. , Crossley Beate M. , Timoney Peter J.
Published: October 2015

Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is one of the most economically important equine viral pathogens. Its clinical manifestations in horses vary from acute upper respiratory tract disease, abortion, or neonatal death, to neurological disease termed equine herpesviral myeloencephalopathy, which may lead to paralysis and a fatal outcome. Successful identification of EHV-1 infection in horses depends on a variety of factors such as suitable case selection with emphasis on timing of sample collection, selection of appropriate sample(s) based on the clinical manifestations, application of relevant diagnostic technique(s) and/or test(s), and careful evaluation and interpretation of laboratory results. Several traditional serologic and virus isolation assays have been described; however, these assays have inherent limitations that prevent rapid and reliable detection of EHV-1. The advent of molecular biologic techniques has revolutionized the diagnosis of infectious diseases in humans and animal species. Specifically, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based assays have allowed detection of nucleic acid in clinical specimens precisely and rapidly as compared to the traditional methods that detect the agent or antigen, or agent-specific antibodies in serum. The new molecular methods, especially real-time PCR, can be a very useful means of EHV-1 detection and identification. Veterinarians involved in equine practice must be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of various real-time PCR assays, interpretation of viral genetic marker(s), and latency in order to provide the best standard of care for their equine patients.
Breed-specific reference intervals for assessing thyroid function in seven dog breeds
Authors: Hegstad-Davies Rebecca L. , Torres Sheila M. F. , Sharkey Leslie C. , Gresch Sarah C. , Muñoz-Zanzi Claudia A. , Davies Peter R.
Published: October 2015

Thyroxine (T4), free T4 (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were measured in serum from 693 healthy representatives from 7 dog breeds (Alaskan Malamute, Collie, English Setter, Golden Retriever, Keeshond, Samoyed, or Siberian Husky) to determine whether breed-specific reference intervals (RIs) are warranted. Veterinarians reviewed the health history, performed a physical examination, and approved laboratory data for the enrolled dogs. Many purebred dogs had T4 and FT4 concentrations that were at, or below, the lower limits previously determined for non–breed-specific RIs. Mean concentrations of T4, FT4, and TSH varied significantly among breeds. The range of mean concentration of T4 (19.7 nmol/L [1.53 µg/dL] in English Setters to 29.0 nmol/L [2.25 µg/dL] in Keeshonds) and FT4 (12.6 pmol/L [0.98 ng/dL] in English Setters to 20.2 pmol/L [1.57 ng/dL] in Samoyeds) was considerable. Median TSH values ranged from 6.10 mIU/L (0.07 ng/mL; Alaskan Malamute and Golden Retriever) to 17.6 mIU/L (0.26 ng/mL; Collie). Mean T4 and FT4 concentrations were higher in females. Increasing age was associated with decreasing T4 and FT4, and increasing TSH concentration. The substantial ranges across breeds of measures of central tendency (mean, median) for all hormones indicate that breed-specific RIs are warranted. RIs encompassing the central 95% of reference values for all breeds combined, and for individual breeds, were calculated using nonparametric (TSH) and robust (T4, FT4) methods. Use of breed-specific RIs in combination with careful attention to the potential for pre-analytical and analytical variability in test results will improve thyroid function assessment in these breeds.
Development and Evaluation of the Barriers to Nurses’ Participation in Research Questionnaire at a Large Academic Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Hagan Joseph , Walden Marlene
Published: October 2015

The purposes of this study were to survey nurses at a large pediatric hospital to examine barriers to nursing research and to develop the Barriers to Nurses’ Participation in Research Questionnaire (BNPRQ) in preparation for its use at other institutions. The BNPRQ was created and refined through iterative pilot testing. Exploratory factor analysis was applied, and composite scores were computed for the identified factors. The two latent factors “Research Resources” and “Personal Relevance of Research” were extracted. The independent item “lack of time to do research” represented the largest barrier to research. Factor and item scores differed according to subject characteristics. Findings from this study will be used to create targeted interventions to reduce barriers to research participation prevalent in specific groups of nurses. By using the BNPRQ developed in this study, researchers and administrators at other institutions can identify and address barriers to research among their nurses.
Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis Nails
Authors: Taylor James , Lucas Douglas E. , Riley Aimee , Simpson G. Alex , Philbin Terrence M.
Published: October 2015

Background:

Hindfoot arthrodesis with tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) intramedullary nails is used commonly when treating ankle and subtalar arthritis and other hindfoot pathology. Adequate compression is paramount to avoid nonunion and fatigue fracture of the hardware. Arthrodesis systems with internal compression have demonstrated superior compression to systems relying on external methods. This study examined the speed of union with TTC fusion nails with internal compression over nails without internal compression.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed identifying nail type and time to union of the subtalar joint (STJ) and tibiotalar joint (TTJ). A total of 198 patients were included from 2003 to 2011.

Results:

The median time to STJ fusion without internal compression was 104 days compared to 92 days with internal compression ( P = .044). The median time to TTJ fusion without internal compression was 111 days compared to 93 days with internal compression ( P = .010). Adjusting for diabetes, there was no significant difference in fusion speed with or without internal compression for the STJ ( P = .561) or TTJ ( P = .358). Nonunion rates were 24.5% for the STJ and 17.0% for the TTJ with internal compression, and 43.4% for the STJ and 42.1% for the TTJ without internal compression. This difference remained statistically significant after adjusting for diabetes for the TTJ ( P = .001) but not for the STJ ( P = .194).

Conclusion:

The intramedullary hindfoot arthrodesis nail was a viable treatment option in degenerative joint disease of the TTC joint. There appeared to be an advantage using systems with internal compression; however, there was no statistically significant difference after controlling for diabetes.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Application of the Udwadia–Kalaba methodology to the active control of shaft vibration
Authors: Spada Raphael Pereira , Nicoletti Rodrigo
Published: October 2015

Rotating shafts are prone to vibration and it is necessary to mitigate these vibrations to ensure proper operation of the machine. Such mitigation can be performed by active control. Among the available control strategies, one can apply the methodology proposed by Udwadia and Kalaba for trajectory control of nonlinear systems. In this work, such methodology is analyzed for controlling the lateral vibrations of a rotating shaft. First, this control technique is evaluated by placing the sensor–actuator pair in the point of interest for control (disc position of the shaft). Results show that the kinematic constraints applied by the control strategy are exactly tracked and lateral vibration of the shaft is significantly reduced. Second, the control technique is evaluated by placing the sensor–actuator pair at the bearing position of the shaft, thus far from the point of interest for control (disc position). In this case, vibration is reduced at the point of actuation, but not at the point of interest for control. However, the application of the methodology in an on/off strategy resulted in a successful reduction of the lateral vibrations of the shaft at the point of interest for control when crossing the first critical speeds.
Promotion of Latina Health
Authors: Rountree Michele A. , Granillo Teresa , Bagwell-Gray Meredith
Published: October 2015

Latina women in the United States are vulnerable to two intersecting public health concerns: intimate partner violence (IPV) and subsequent risk for HIV/AIDS infection. Examination of the cultural and contextual life factors of this understudied population is crucial to developing culturally relevant HIV interventions. Focus groups with Latinas (15 monolingual; 10 bilingual) who have experienced IPV were conducted. Monolingual and bilingual Latinas endorsed that they were concerned about HIV infection, naming partner infidelity and experiences of forced and coerced sex as primary reasons for their concern. However, monolingual participants had lower levels of HIV knowledge, spending much time discussing myths of HIV infection, whereas bilingual participants spent more time discussing specific prevention techniques, including challenges related to the violence in their relationships. These findings suggest that HIV/AIDS prevention programs for Latinas need to pay close attention to the different historical, contextual, and cultural experiences of this at-risk group of women.
Stalking Victimization, Labeling, and Reporting
Authors: Ménard Kim S. , Cox Amanda K.
Published: October 2015

Using the National Crime Victimization Survey 2006 Stalking Victimization Supplement (NCVS-SVS) and guided by Greenberg and Ruback’s social influence model, this study examines the effects of individual (e.g., severity, sex, victim–offender relationship) and contextual (e.g., location) factors on stalking victimization risk, victim labeling and help seeking, and victim and third-party police contacts. Logistic regression results suggest individual and contextual characteristics matter. Consistent with prior research and the theoretical model, the positive effects of severity and sex (female) were significant across all dependent variables, whereas the interaction effect of victim–offender relationship and location held only for third-party police contacts.
Evaluation of romiplostim for the treatment of secondary failure of platelet recovery among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Hartranft Megan E , Clemmons Amber B , DeRemer David L , Kota Vamsi
Published: October 2015

Secondary failure of platelet recovery (SFPR) is a serious complication observed in approximately 20% of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Although the standard therapeutic approach has been frequent platelet transfusions, romiplostim, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, may have utility in treating SFPR. The primary objective of this single-center retrospective analysis was to assess effectiveness of romiplostim for SFPR and to evaluate patient factors which may influence clinical outcomes. The primary outcome measure of response was defined as achievement of platelet count ≥ 50 × 109/L without transfusions for ≥ 7 consecutive days. During the study period, 93 patients underwent HSCT and 13 (13.9%) received romiplostim for SFPR. Seven patients (53.8%) responded to romiplostim, requiring a median of three doses (range 1–6) to achieve independence from platelet transfusions. Disease relapse occurred in 38.5% of all patients, two responders and three nonresponders. Median survival post-HSCT was 753 days among responders and 266 days among nonresponders ( p = 0.0375). No serious adverse events were reported, and rates of graft-versus-host disease did not increase following administration of romiplostim. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists including romiplostim offer a treatment option for persistent thrombocytopenia following HSCT. Positive clinical response to romiplostim post-HSCT is associated with improved outcomes.
The Representation of Youth in the Dutch News Media
Authors: Lepianka Dorota
Published: October 2015

Research in social psychology shows that looking into the nuances in stereotyping is of vital importance due to unique emotional and behavioural reactions the different clusters of stereotypical representations may evoke. Media analysts, however, rarely apply a framework that would allow a systematic deconstruction of stereotypes conveyed in the media productions. In the current study, the Dutch news media representation of native and non-native youth is analyzed and compared. The results show considerable differences in news media portrayal of the two groups not only in the amount of (negative) attention they attract but, especially, in the content of their descriptions. While native youth is more frequently evaluated with reference to competence, non-native youth is more readily evaluated with respect to benevolence. The results of the study and the social consequences of Dutch news media representations of younger citizens are interpreted in the light of literature on social distance and (social) practices of ‘othering’.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Work Motivation among US and Norwegian High School Students
Authors: Lunnan Hjort Jens
Published: October 2015

This article utilizes comparable survey data to examine the antecedents and correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation among US and Norwegian high school students. It builds on prior studies of young Americans’ work motivations, as well as cross-national research which has primarily been preoccupied with the work values of adults. Analyses reveal that US respondents, ethnic minority youth in both countries, and young men in both countries, are more motivated by extrinsic work rewards than their respective comparison categories. Intrinsic aspects of work on the other hand are most highly valued by young women, students who do well in school, and students with artistic ambitions. Little evidence is found of parental education influencing work motivation in either context, signalling a break with earlier studies.
Fighting, Truancy and Low Academic Achievement in Youth Subcultures
Authors: Bobakova Daniela , Geckova Andrea Madarasova , Klein Daniel , van Dijk Jitse P. , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: October 2015

Lifestyle, music preference, shared values and behaviours of young people can be understood to be components of youth subcultures. Little is known about the association between affiliation with non-mainstream subcultures and problem behaviour. The aim of this study was to assess the association between subculture affiliation and fighting, truancy and low academic achievement, and to determine whether lack of parental knowledge and parental bonding accounts for these associations. Our results showed that youth subculture affiliation is a strong risk factor regarding the above-mentioned behaviours and that part of this risk is accounted for by a lack of protective factors.
Expanding queer reflexivity: The closet as a guiding metaphor for reflexive practice
Authors: McDonald James
Published: October 2015

In this article, I expand earlier work on queer reflexivity by positioning the ‘closet’ as a guiding metaphor for reflexive practice in field research. As such, I reconceptualize queer reflexivity as being reflexive about (1) negotiating the ‘closet’ by revealing and concealing multiple aspects of ourselves to others in the field, (2) the categories we use to identify ourselves and others, (3) the ways in which researchers construct (non)normative identities in the field and (4) aspects of ourselves that change in the field through interactions with others and the process of learning. In order to illustrate what field researchers can learn from this expanded conceptualization of queer reflexivity, I draw upon an auto-ethnographic tale about the implications of moving into and out of the closet in multiple ways over the course of the 2-year ethnography that I conducted for my dissertation research.
Caring as a collective knowledgeable doing: About concern and being concerned
Authors: Gherardi Silvia , Rodeschini Giulia
Published: October 2015

Care is not an innate human capacity; rather, it is an organizational competence, a situated knowing that a group of professionals enact while attending to their everyday tasks. We propose a post-humanist practice approach to reading care as a matter of concern for those producing care and for society at large. Care is framed as a collective knowledgeable ‘doing’, it is not an object or a quality that is added to work; rather, it is ‘caring’, an ongoing sociomaterial accomplishment. Through an ethnography in a nursing home for the elderly, we describe: (a) how caring was collectively performed in keeping a common orientation, (b) how caring was inscribed in a texture of practices, and (c) how a technological change in nutrition practice mobilized ethics as practice in situated decision-making. Since natural nutrition is being increasingly replaced by artificial feeding, we describe how the collective and organizational ethic of care with tube feeding is talked about in practice, in a front-stage situation and in the back-stage one. In this process, the duality of care as a matter of concern and as the process of being concerned by caring becomes visible.
Normative arguments for non-state actor participation in international policymaking processes: Functionalism, neocorporatism or democratic pluralism?
Authors: Nasiritousi Naghmeh , Hjerpe Mattias , Bäckstrand Karin
Published: October 2015

The participation of non-state actors in multilateral institutions is often portrayed as one way of decreasing the perceived legitimacy deficit in global governance. The literature on non-state actors has identified several ways in which these actors can enhance the legitimacy of intergovernmental organisations and global governance arrangements. Three partially competing normative arguments, or rationales, for the inclusion of non-state actors in international policymaking — functionalism, neocorporatism and democratic pluralism — have been identified. Whereas functionalism highlights the contribution of non-state actors to output legitimacy in terms of expertise, neocorporatism emphasises the inclusion of affected interests, and democratic pluralism claims that non-state actors increase input legitimacy through procedural values. These three normative arguments thus offer different understandings of the motives for the inclusion and representation of non-state actors in international negotiations and diplomacy. Through a single case study of United Nations climate diplomacy, we analyse the extent to which the three rationales for non-state actor inclusion are found in views held by state and non-state actors participating in the annual United Nations climate change conferences. Our results show that different actor groups place varying degrees of emphasis on the different rationales for non-state actor inclusion, even though the neocorporatist rationale remains most favoured overall. We discuss the implications of our findings for the democratic legitimacy of increasing participation of non-state actors in intergovernmental affairs and recent trends in the participation of non-state actors in the international climate change policymaking process.
The mental health of individuals referred for assessment of autism spectrum disorder in adulthood: A clinic report
Authors: Russell Ailsa J , Murphy Clodagh M , Wilson Ellie , Gillan Nicola , Brown Cordelia , Robertson Dene M , Craig Michael C , Deeley Quinton , Zinkstok Janneke , Johnston Kate , McAlonan Grainne M , Spain Deborah , Murphy Declan GM
Published: October 2015

Growing awareness of autism spectrum disorders has increased the demand for diagnostic services in adulthood. High rates of mental health problems have been reported in young people and adults with autism spectrum disorder. However, sampling and methodological issues mean prevalence estimates and conclusions about specificity in psychiatric co-morbidity in autism spectrum disorder remain unclear. A retrospective case review of 859 adults referred for assessment of autism spectrum disorder compares International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnoses in those that met criteria for autism spectrum disorder (n = 474) with those that did not (n = 385). Rates of psychiatric diagnosis (>57%) were equivalent across both groups and exceeded general population rates for a number of conditions. The prevalence of anxiety disorders, particularly obsessive compulsive disorder, was significantly higher in adults with autism spectrum disorder than adults without autism spectrum disorder. Limitations of this observational clinic study, which may impact generalisability of the findings, include the lack of standardised structured psychiatric diagnostic assessments by assessors blind to autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and inter-rater reliability. The implications of this study highlight the need for careful consideration of mental health needs in all adults referred for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.
Examining the relationship between autistic traits and college adjustment
Authors: Trevisan Dominic , Birmingham Elina
Published: October 2015

We examined the relationship between characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and college adjustment in a sample of neurotypical college students. Using the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire and the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, we found that higher levels of autism spectrum disorder characteristics were associated with poorer adjustment to college. One subscale of the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire, pragmatic language difficulties, explained the most variance in adjustment. In addition, students who met the previously established cut-off scores for possessing the broad autism phenotype scored significantly lower on all Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire subscales. Finally, pragmatic language difficulties mediated the relationship between college major and academic adjustment. These findings underscore the need for future research to examine how pragmatic language difficulties may impede college success in students with autism spectrum disorder and in the typical population.
Cross-linguistic aspects in child L2 acquisition
Authors: Chondrogianni Vasiliki , Vasić Nada
Published: October 2015

Cross-linguistic effects in successive childhood bilingualism have received increased attention in the last few years. The goal of this special issue is to bring together studies that investigate cross-linguistic influence in child second language (L2) learners by examining how first language (L1) and L2 properties develop and interact in the context of child L2 acquisition. Specifically, the articles in this special issue address the following questions: (a) What is the role of cross-linguistic influence at the syntax-discourse interface? (b) How do target language properties influence L2 developmental paths? (c) Does the L2 influence the L1 when acquiring a syntax-semantics interface phenomenon? (d) What does cross-linguistic influence look like in the context of atypical bilingual acquisition? These questions are answered in the context of diverse child L2 populations growing up in different acquisition settings and with varied degrees of exposure to the two languages.
Bully, bullied and abused. Associations between violence at home and bullying in childhood
Authors: Lucas Steven , Jernbro Carolina , Tindberg Ylva , Janson Staffan
Published: October 2015

Aims: The aim was to examine experiences of bullying among Swedish adolescents and whether victims and perpetrators were also exposed to violence in the home, with particular focus on how abuse severity affected the risk of exposure to bullying. Methods: A nationally representative sample of pupils aged 14–15 responded to a questionnaire exploring exposure to corporal punishment and other types of violence. Results were analysed using Pearson’s chi-square and multiple logistic regression, adjusting for factors regarding the child, the parents and the families’ socioeconomic status. Results: Among the 3197 respondents, a significant proportion reported at least one incident of either bullying victimisation (girls 36%, boys 26%) or bullying perpetration (girls 24%, boys 36%). Physical and emotional violence in the home, including witnessed intimate partner violence, were significantly associated with both bullying victimisation and bullying perpetration. Odds ratios for exposure to bullying rose with increasing frequency and severity of abuse. Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.6 for any event of abuse vs. single episodes of bullying to 20.3 for multiple types of abuse vs. many episodes of bullying. The child’s gender and the presence of a chronic health condition were consistently associated with nearly all levels of abuse and bullying. Conclusions: Bullying experiences are common among youth and are clearly associated with abuse. Frequent bullying, whether as victim or perpetrator, warrants particular vigilance, as it appears to be an indicator of severe violence in the home.
Numerical and experimental investigation of the influence of infrared reflective interior surfaces on building temperature distributions
Authors: Joudi Ali , Cehlin Mathias , Svedung Harald , Rönnelid Mats , Moshfegh Bahram
Published: October 2015

Radiative properties of interior surfaces can affect not only the building heat flux but also the indoor environment, the latter of which has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of surface emissivity on indoor air and surface temperature distributions in a test cabin with reflective interior surfaces. This was done by comparing experimental and simulation data of the test cabin with that of a normal cabin. This study employs transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using re-normalisation group (RNG) k– ε model, surface-to-surface radiation model and an enhanced wall function. Boundary conditions were assigned to exterior surfaces under variable outdoor conditions. The numerical and the measurement results indicate that using interior reflective surfaces will affect the indoor air temperature distribution by increasing the vertical temperature gradient depending on the time of the day. CFD simulations with high spatial resolution results show increased interior surface temperature gradients consistent with the increased vertical air temperature gradient. The influence of reflective surfaces is potentially greater with higher indoor surface temperature asymmetry. The vertical indoor air temperature gradient and surface temperatures are important parameters for indoor thermal comfort.
Youth comprehension of political messages in YouTube videos
Authors: Bowyer Benjamin T , Kahne Joseph E , Middaugh Ellen
Published: October 2015

This article investigates the extent to which young people are able to comprehend the political messages contained in satirical videos that circulate online. We do so through an analysis of responses to videos embedded within an online survey of 15- to 25-year-olds ( N = 2070) conducted in 2011. Respondents were randomly assigned to view one of two short, humorous YouTube videos relating to immigration policy and were then asked questions that tested their comprehension of what they had seen. Substantial proportions of our sample were unable to answer these correctly. Further analysis indicates that individuals’ levels of political knowledge and their predisposition to agree with the message contained in the video are strong predictors of comprehension. These findings indicate that the potential impact of incidental exposure to online political communications is smaller than many scholars have assumed, particularly when the message is inconsistent with the viewer’s prior beliefs.
Who benefits? Welfare chauvinism and national stereotypes
Authors: Hjorth Frederik
Published: October 2015

Cross-border welfare rights for citizens of European Union member states are intensely contested, yet there is limited research into voter opposition to such rights, sometimes denoted ‘welfare chauvinism’. We highlight an overlooked aspect in scholarly work: the role of stereotypes about beneficiaries of cross-border welfare. We present results from an original large-scale survey experiment (N=2525) among Swedish voters, randomizing exposure to cues about recipients' country of origin and family size. Consistent with a model emphasizing the role of stereotypes, respondents react to cues about recipient identity. These effects are strongest among respondents high in ethnic prejudice and economic conservatism. The findings imply that stereotypes about who benefits from cross-border welfare rights condition public support for those rights.
Work wisdom: Teaching former prisoners how to negotiate workplace interactions and perform a rehabilitated self
Authors: Halushka John
Published: October 2015

Drawing on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork at a community-based prisoner reentry program, this article investigates how staff members attempt to cultivate former prisoners’ cultural capital to mitigate stigma and facilitate interactions with employers. I call this curriculum work wisdom, which involves teaching clients how to (1) disclose discrediting information and communicate remorse; (2) tailor their style of dress, speech, and bodily comportment to avoid evoking negative stereotypes; (3) negotiate the tacit norms of workplace culture; and (4) remain confident and resilient in the face of rejection. Work wisdom provides former prisoners with the dramaturgical resources to perform dominant cultural scripts and practices in the short term as they undergo the longer-term process of reintegration. These findings illustrate how the cultivation of cultural capital begins by teaching superficial performances that can be internalized as durable dispositions over time. In the conclusion, I discuss the limitations of work wisdom.
Leaving College Prematurely
Authors: Thompson-Ebanks Valerie
Published: October 2015

This qualitative study examines the experiences of former nontraditional-age students with depression and reasons that led them to leave college prematurely. Constant comparative methods were used to illuminate themes within and across participants' stories. The findings showcase eight complex interlocking factors that these former students grapple with in pursuit of a college education. Implications to improve the retention of nontraditional college students with depression are discussed.
Alternative technique for clot retrieval: The “tip of the iceberg” technique
Authors: Agid Ronit , Power Sarah
Published: October 2015

We present a variation of the classical technique of stent retriever thrombectomy which we found helpful in two patients presenting with acute stroke. CT angiography in both patients demonstrated thrombus within a middle cerebral artery M2 branch. In both cases the occluded artery was not visualized on DSA and only the proximal tip of the clot could be seen as a filling defect “hanging” into the parent artery reminiscent of a “tip of an iceberg”. Rather than selectively catheterizing the occluded branch we placed the stent retriever in the patent parent artery crossing only the tip of the clot. In both cases one pass of the stent retriever was sufficient to retrieve the whole clot by its tip and reopen the occluded branch. We suggest trying this technique whenever the clot is seated in the proximal part of a secondary branch such as an M2 segment of middle cerebral artery. This “tip of the iceberg” technique prevents the need to selectively catheterize the occluded branch which, if difficult, can prolong procedural and ischemic time.
Endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms during pregnancy in three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Liu Peng , Lv Xianli , Li Youxiang , Lv Ming
Published: October 2015

We present three cases of cerebral aneurysms (1 unruptured; 2 ruptured) treated with endovascular techniques in pregnancies. The first ruptured case is a 28-year-old female on 20th gestational week. After the endovascular coiling, the patient suffered persistent hemiparesis and delivered a healthy baby by cesarean section. The second ruptured case is a 25-year-old female on 36th week of pregnancy. She died of aneurysm re-rupture after delivery of a healthy baby by cesarean section. The third unruptured case is a 31-year-old woman on the 26th gestational week of pregnancy who died of a giant basilar tip aneurysm after stent-assisted coiling. Ruptured aneurysm obliteration should be prioritized followed by vaginal delivery or cesarean section. The decision regarding the treatment of unruptured aneurysms should be carefully considered on a case-by-case basis. Stent-assisted coiling may be applicable to aneurysm during pregnancy.
Direct aspiration first pass technique for a middle cerebral artery occlusion with a hidden aneurysm
Authors: Asai Katsunori , Nakamura Hajime , Sakaguchi Manabu , Kawano Tomohiro , Ozaki Tomohiko , Ima Hiroyuki , Kidani Tomoki , Kadono Yoshinori , Murakami Tomoaki , Yoshimine Toshiki
Published: October 2015

Hidden aneurysms within occluded vessels present a challenge for interventionists because vessel perforation can lead to life-threatening complications. We present a case of middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke, refractory to thrombolysis. A direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) was employed for revascularization. Following thrombectomy, an aneurysm of the occluded vessel was revealed. Despite this, the patient recovered without hemorrhagic complication. ADAPT permits the minimal insertion of endovascular devices and might be a safe procedure when hidden aneurysms are suspected.
Cerebral proliferative angiopathy: Clinical, angiographic features and literature review
Authors: Liu Peng , Lv Xianli , Lv Ming , Li Youxiang
Published: October 2015

Purpose

Here we present our experience with five cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) patients to better delineate the clinical and angiographic features as well as the treatment selection of this disease.

Methods

Between October 2008 and October 2012, five consecutive patients diagnosed with CPA were admitted to our department in our hospital. All the five patients received magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction angiography, and positron emission computed tomography (PET) to definitively confirm this disease. We also collected 15 previously published instances of CPA to analyze the characteristics of this rare entity.

Results

As to the five patients, three were female and two were male, between the ages of 4 and 52 years with a mean age of 24.8 ± 20.6 years. The PET results showed that perfusion was decreased over the affected hemispheres in all five patients. As to the treatment, only one patient received encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) revascularization surgery. The other four patients were conservatively observed. During the follow-up period (range 3–6 years, mean 4 ± 1.9 years), the patient who underwent EDAS surgery manifested relief of clinical symptoms. In the conservative series, the symptoms in two patients aggravated and suffered permanent neurologic deficits.

Conclusion

CPA is a rare entity. Natural history has showed this disease is not stable and may progress at a certain time point. The EDAS procedure may be a treatment for CPA-related oligemia since there is currently little data and follow-up available.
Accuracy of Canadian CT head rule in predicting positive findings on CT of the head of patients after mild head injury in a large trauma centre in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Arab Ala Faisal , Ahmed Muhammad Ejaz , Ahmed Anwar E , Hussein Mohamed Ahmed , Khankan Azzam A , Alokaili Riyadh Nasser
Published: October 2015

Background

Investigation of unjustified computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with minor head injury is lacking in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the compliance and effectiveness of the Canadian computed tomography head rule (CCHR) in our emergency department (ED) and trauma centre and also to reduce the number of unjustified CT studies of the head in the centre.

Methods

A retrospective study of 368 ED patients with minor head injury was conducted. Patients who underwent CT scan between July 2010 and June 2011were selected from the ED head trauma registry by systematic randomisation. The CCHR was retrospectively applied on the patients’ charts to calculate the prevalence of unjustified head CT scans. A separate survey was conducted to evaluate three emergency physicians’ level of awareness about the CCHR and their ability to determine the necessity of CT scans with various clinical scenarios of head injury.

Results

The prevalence of unjustified CT scans as per the CCHR was 61.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.5–66.9%). Approximately 5% of the sample had positive CT findings with 95% CI 2.9–7.6%. The CCHR correctly identified 12 cases with positive CT findings with 66.67% sensitivity. Only 24 (6.7%) had Glasgow coma scale scores less than 15 (13/14). The Glasgow coma scale correctly identified only two cases with positive CT findings with 11.11% sensitivity. The percentage of skull fracture (0.9% vs 5%, P = 0.030) was significantly lower in patients with unjustified CT scans than in patients with clinically justified CT scans. There was fair to substantial agreement between the ED physicians and the CCHR (κ = 35–61%). Two ED physicians identified all cases of justified CT scan with 100% sensitivity (95% CI 71.51–100%).

Conclusion

The level of education regarding the CCHR was found to be optimal among emergency physicians using a case-based scenario survey. The CCHR was found to have a poor compliance potential in the busy ED of our trauma centre and the prevalence of unjustified cranial CT scans remained high.
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants? Exploring Consensus on the Validity Status of Mintzberg’s Configuration Theory After a Negative Test
Authors: Krabberød Tommy
Published: October 2015

This article explores the degree of consensus on the validity status of Mintzberg’s configuration theory following a test in which the theory was refuted. The 218 articles that have cited the award-winning article by Doty, Glick, and Huber, and 89 articles and 12 books published by Mintzberg after the test, are reviewed. None of the reviewed articles contained any discussion about the implications for Mintzberg’s theory. It is then discussed whether the test was exhaustive and whether the lack of debate should be interpreted as tacit agreement with Doty et al. Normative aspects of a silent research community are also discussed. It is argued that it has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt that the test is exhaustive and that there are sociological explanations for the lack of debate other than “silence implies agreement.” Finally, it is argued that it would have been fruitful if the test had stirred debate.
The Pitfalls of Visual Representations
Authors: Bresciani Sabrina , Eppler Martin J.
Published: October 2015

A large body of research has addressed the benefits of visualization, whereas the analysis of the pitfalls has not received systematic attention. We aim to provide an overview of the common pitfalls and potential disadvantages of visual representations based on a multidisciplinary literature review. Subsequently, we develop a theoretically grounded classification of common cognitive, emotional, and social risks of visualization and populate it with a comprehensive list of visualization pitfalls. The aim of this research is not to diminish the potential of visualization, but rather to improve visual literacy by structuring our understanding of the possible limitations of graphic representations.
Stress Cardiomyopathy in the Setting of COPD Exacerbation
Authors: Landefeld Kevin , Saleh Qusai , Sander Gary E.
Published: October 2015

Introduction. Stress cardiomyopathy, or takotsubo cardiomyopathy, is an acute, reversible left ventricular dysfunction usually initiated by a psychological or physical stress. We report this case of stress cardiomyopathy following a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and the subsequent treatment. Case Description. A 49-year-old white female with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented to the emergency room via emergency medical services with worsening severe shortness of breath and productive cough for 2 weeks but denied any chest pain on arrival. On presentation, she was noted to be tachypneic, using her accessory muscles and with bilateral coarse expiratory wheezing on lung auscultation. Initial electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus tachycardia. She was treated with multiple albuterol treatments. Soon afterwards, the course was complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure eventually requiring intubation. Her repeat electrocardiogram showed acute changes consistent with myocardial infarction, and an echocardiograph demonstrated apical akinesia with an ejection fraction of 25% to 30%. The patient was urgently taken for cardiac catheterization, which showed no angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Three days after initial presentation, a repeat transthoracic echocardiogram showed overall left ventricular systolic function improvement. Discussion. This case provided a unique look at the difficulty of balancing catecholamines in a patient with bronchospasm and stress cardiomyopathy.
Humor Style Clusters: Exploring Managerial Humor
Authors: Evans Thomas Rhys , Steptoe-Warren Gail
Published: October 2015

The current study is the first to explore the relationships between managerial humor and workplace facets using cluster analysis. Two-hundred and two employed adults rated their managers’ humor and workplace facets online. K-means cluster analyses identified three managerial humor clusters, mostly replicating those found in the existing literature. A significant pattern of differences in stress, communication, creativity, perceptions of leader power, and job satisfaction were found between the clusters. Findings suggest negative humor use is most likely to be damaging to organizations when not used alongside positive humor types, and it is not merely the frequency with which a manager uses an individual humor type, but the holistic view of their humor, which is of importance in gauging valence of organizational facets. Using cluster analysis was beneficial in challenging assumptions from the existing literature, further contextualizing our understanding of humor and reinforcing the importance of humor use in the workplace.
Randomized phase 2 study of obinutuzumab monotherapy in symptomatic, previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Byrd John C. , Flynn Joseph M. , Kipps Thomas J. , Boxer Michael , Kolibaba Kathryn S. , Carlile David J. , Fingerle-Rowson Guenter , Tyson Nicola , Hirata Jamie , Sharman Jeff P.
Published: October 2015

Key Points

Obinutuzumab monotherapy demonstrates an increased ORR with 2000 mg over 1000 mg, but no difference in progression-free survival. No meaningful difference was observed in the overall safety profile across the 2 treatment arms.
Necrotic platelets provide a procoagulant surface during thrombosis
Authors: Hua Vu Minh , Abeynaike Latasha , Glaros Elias , Campbell Heather , Pasalic Leonardo , Hogg Philip J. , Chen Vivien M. Y.
Published: October 2015

Key Points

The major subpopulation of platelets involved in thrombus development form via regulated necrosis involving cyclophilin D. Necrotic platelets may be targeted independent of platelet activation.
Compression of local slant stacks by the estimation of multiple local slopes and the matching pursuit decomposition
Authors: Hu Hao , Liu Yike , Osen Are , Zheng Yingcai
Published: October 2015

Because local slant stacking increases the data dimension in beam migration, the volume of local slant stacks can be enormous and can obstruct efficient data processing. In addition, a proper beam compression algorithm can reduce the computation of ray tracing and beam mapping. Thus, compressing the local slant stacks with high fidelity can improve the efficiency of beam migration. A new approach is proposed to efficiently compress the local slant stacks. This approach combines the estimation of multiple local slopes based on the structure tensor to reduce the number of slopes, and the sparse representation for the slant stacked data via the matching pursuit decomposition to reduce the number of temporal samples. Furthermore, a new algorithm to estimate multiple local slopes based on the second-order structure tensor is proposed to handle the intersecting events efficiently. Several data examples indicated that the new compression algorithm required much less storage. Meanwhile, the new algorithm can restore the significant events and tolerate some random noise. The migration results determined that this compression algorithm does not obviously degrade the quality of the beam migration result, and it even makes the migration result more clear by suppressing the random noise smearing.
2014 Update to the National Seismic Hazard Model in California
Authors: Powers Peter M. , Field Edward H.
Published: October 2015

The 2014 update to the U. S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model in California introduces a new earthquake rate model and new ground motion models (GMMs) that give rise to numerous changes to seismic hazard throughout the state. The updated earthquake rate model is the third version of the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3), wherein the rates of all ruptures are determined via a self-consistent inverse methodology. This approach accommodates multifault ruptures and reduces the overprediction of moderate earthquake rates exhibited by the previous model (UCERF2). UCERF3 introduces new faults, changes to slip or moment rates on existing faults, and adaptively smoothed gridded seismicity source models, all of which contribute to significant changes in hazard. New GMMs increase ground motion near large strike-slip faults and reduce hazard over dip-slip faults. The addition of very large strike-slip ruptures and decreased reverse fault rupture rates in UCERF3 further enhances these effects.