bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
96 kN-sec Endurance Test of the R-200 Low Power Hall Thruster
Authors: Lev Dan , Franco Daniel Katz , Zimmerman Raul , Tordjman Moshe , Auslender Boaz , Epstein Oren
Published: April 2023

The R-200 low power Hall thruster unit passed a 96 kNs endurance test in which it operated at one operating point of 250 W (275 V) while anode mass flow rate adjusted over time to maintain constant power. The test was performed at Rafael, while the initial performance validation was conducted at ESTEC. At the end of the endurance test the thruster exhibited nearly unchanged performance and did not reach its end-of-life. Throughout the endurance test performance was characterized 5 times in the 100-250 W discharge power range, ceramic channel profile was measured 6 times to assess the erosion rate, thrust was continuously tracked multiple times a day, an ignition test was conducted after 60 kNs to assess continuous operation impact on ignition capability, and sensitivity to magnetic field changes was checked twice (12 kNs and 65 kNs). Two notable events occurred during the test – a cathode keeper breach and a ceramic channel breach. The keeper electrode was replaced, and cathode position adjusted. following the ceramic channel breach the thruster continued to operate regularly, and with no performance degradation, even after the inner pole was exposed to the plasma discharge. The thruster generated a constant thrust of 13 mN throughout the entire test while the Isp decreased from 1,250 sec at the beginning of life to 1,160 sec at the end of test. Performance degradation of less than 10% was spotted at all operating points in the 100-250 W discharge power range throughout the experiment. The ignition test validated 300 successful thruster ignition cycles. Using channel profile geometry data a simple semi-empirical erosion model was constructed to predict possible breaching points and allow for an improved future channel design. The information gathered during this endurance test campaign was used to redesign the cathode keeper and inner ceramic channel profile. A subsequent test of the improved thruster unit design showed an expected lifetime of over 200 kNs.
Prognostic characteristics and immune infiltration analysis of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma based on m6A- associated lncRNA
Authors: Chen Chen , Xiong Xi , Yang Jun , Zhang Wei , Wang Xiong , Peng Min , Li Lili , Luo Pengcheng
Published: April 2023

Background: The m6A mutation may have a significant effect on non-coding RNA metabolism, ultimately contributing to tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism of m6A-related lncRNAs in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) has not yet been elucidated.
Methods: Herein, we used transcriptional and clinical data from the TCGA to conduct the comprehensive analysis of m6A-related prognostic lncRNAs in KIRC. Twelve lncRNAs correlated with m6A were shown to be strongly associated with clinical prognosis. We utilized consensus clustering to classify these prognostic lncRNAs into two groups based on their expression levels in tumor tissue. The cluster B was significantly associated with higher expression levels of m6A-related prognostic lncRNAs and shorter patient survival. Subsequently, seven m6A-related lncRNAs were recognized to structure a predictive model, which were strongly correlated with tumor prognosis and could be employed as the independent prognostic factor. In the analysis of clinical correlation, it was shown that risk score was remarkably related with tumor metastasis. Finally, our analysis established correlation between infiltrating immune cells and m6A-related lncRNAs in KIRC patients.
Results: As a result, we investigated m6A-related lncRNAs and the prognosis of KIRC to reveal the relationship between the 530 clinical samples and 611 transcriptome data showed that the prognostic model established by 12 high-risk lncRNAs can predict KIRC. The prognosis of patients, among which seven key m6A-related lncRNAs: AC005261.3, AC024060.2, AC079174.2, AL139123.1, AL355388.1, CD27-AS1, and DGUOK-AS1, were significantly associated with the overall survival and prognosis of KIRC.
Conclusion: Overall, our results imply that m6A-related prognostic lncRNAs could be underlying biomarkers for immunotherapy in KIRC.
A Deep Unsupervised Residual - Convolutional Auto-Encoder: Multifocus Image Fusion based on Local Binary Pattern
Authors: M Gayathri Devi , S Akila I
Published: April 2023

Image fusion has become a frequently used approach for improving the visual awareness for various applications such as medical diagnosis, surveillance, military , computer vision, robotics, enhanced vision systems, biometrics, and remote sensing and many. From literature, most of the Image fusion technique requires sophisticated pre-processing and post-processing steps to create image patches to train the network, generate the focus map, consistency verification but the fused image results in blocking artifacts and smoothening effects. This paper focuses on simple novel Deep Unsupervised Residual-Convolution Auto-Encoder Network (R-CAEN) to address these limitations. R-CAEN is trained with proposed Euclidean Loss Function in keras-tensorflow platform. The encoder-decoder model learns to extracts the deep features from the source images in a residual approach. A normalized Local Binary Pattern (LBP) codes for the corresponding encoder features are calculated for fusion. The decoder decodes the fused features and the fused image is evaluated with the objective measures: Correlation Coefficient, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Measure of Structural Similarity Index, Entropy and Visual Information Fidelity. The subjective and objective analysis of R-CAEN is compared with six existing methods and the results shows that the performance of R-CAEN outperforms the existing methods.
Epidemiological Features of Suicidal Ideation among the Elderly in China based Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yu , Su Binbin , Zhao Yihao , Chen Chen , Zhong Panliang , Zheng Xiaoying
Published: April 2023

Background
The prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation (SI) among the elderly in China varied widely between studies. This meta-analysis firstly aimed to show the epidemiological features of SI among the elderly in China.
Methods
Relevant databases, including English and Chinese, were systematically searched from database inceptions until September 15, 2022. Data included literature were used to calculate the prevalence and odds ratios (OR) of associated factors regarding SI among Chinese elderly.
Results
31 cross-sectional studies including 79,861 subjects, covering over 20 provinces and cities in China, were included for final analysis from 7591 potential studies. The pooled prevalence of SI among the elderly in China was 11.47% (95% CI 7.82–15.71%). Prevalence significantly varied based on residence, physical (chronic disease, activities of daily living disability, health status), mental (depression symptoms and life satisfaction), economic condition, and measuring tools with time points. It should be noted that the pooled prevalence in 2011–2020 (15.59%, 95% CI 9.08–23.44%) is nearly twice as high as that in 2001–2010 (7.85%, 95% CI 5.08–11.16%). Besides, 14 factors with a pooled OR>1 (p<0.05) and 2 factors with a pooled OR<1 (p<0.05) affecting SI significantly in Chinese elderly were found.
Conclusion
The prevalence of SI among Chinese elderly may be relatively high, presenting diverse distributional characteristics and associated factors. Therefore, more targeted programs are imperative to manage elderly-related suicide. Standard measuring tools with narrow time points for SI is equally necessary.
Use of low-cost virtual reality in the treatment of the upper extremity in chronic stroke: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Aguilera-Rubio Ángela , DIEGO Isabel Mª ALGUACIL , Mallo-López Ana , Cuesta-Gómez Alicia
Published: April 2023

Background. Chronicity and lack of motivation often go together during the upper limb rehabilitation process in stroke. Virtual reality is a useful tool in this context, providing safe, intensive, individualised treatments in a playful environment. Low-cost, easy-to-use devices with personalised and motivating games for a specific population seem to be the most effective option in the treatment of the upper limbs.
Methods. A randomised clinical study with follow-up was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the Leap Motion Controller® device in improving the functionality of the upper limb in patients with chronic stroke. Patients (n=36) were randomised into a control group that performed conventional therapy and an experimental group that combined the virtual reality protocol with conventional therapy. The outcome measures used were grip strength; the Block and Box Test; the Action Research Arm Test; the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; as well as a Technology Satisfaction Questionnaire and adherence to treatment.
Results. Inter-group statistical analysis showed no significant differences except in subsection D of the Action Research Arm Test. Intra-group analysis showed significant differences in both groups, but the experimental group reached significance in all long-term variables. Satisfaction and adherence levels were very high.
Conclusions. The Leap Motion Controller® system, as a complementary tool, produces improvements in grip strength, dexterity and motor function in patients with chronic stroke. It is perceived as a safe, motivating, and easy-to-use device.
Clinical Registration. NCT04166617 Clinical Trials.
Current Methods in The Surgical Treatment of Hemorrhoids
Authors: Sakoglu Nevin
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE: Hemorrhoidal disease is a chronic disease of the lower rectum and anus because of increased pressure during straining. Millions of people around the world suffer from this disease. My aim here was to see with the non-surgical method could we achieve the success achieved with the surgical method, which could cause serious complications.METHODS: We compared two different treatment methods; surgical (Longo) technique and less invasive non-surgical (ADL) methods by examining the post-operative pain complaints and normal daily activities of our patients operated for hemorrhoids retrospectively. Patients operated for hemoroid from 2021 to 2022 were included.RESULTS: A total of 120 patients, sypmtomatic with bleeding per rectum included in this study. There was no statistically significant difference between the age and gender distributions of the Longo and ADL groups (p = 0,231, p = 0,711). When the daily activities of both groups were compared, the dressing(p = 0.042) and toileting (p = 0.012) activities in the Longo group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the ADL group. On the other hand there was a statistically significant difference within the groups (Longo; p = 0,0001, ADL; p = 0,0001) related to the pain assessments at the end of the 1st day, 1 week and 1 month.CONCLUSION: When both methods were compared, the adaptation of the ADL group to normal daily life was faster than the Longo group. I only detected tenesmus complaint in 12 stage III-IV patients whom I had the pexy procedure (n = 12) (20%).
Molecular evidence about ancestral origin, colonization patterns, and phylogenetic diversity of Coffea arabica, with insights in Latin America
Authors: Chica-Acosta Mariana , Aristizábal Ana María Ochoa , González-Rivera Anderson Stiward , Martínez José Gregorio
Published: April 2023

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed agricultural products worldwide. The most well-known coffee species in the market are Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Currently, 42 varieties are recognized within C. arabica, but strangely, with very low levels of intraspecific genetic diversity despite its worldwide geographical distribution. In addition, little is known about its phylogeographical history. Although there exist descriptive hypotheses of worldwide colonization patterns and origin for C. arabica (by Ferreira et al. in 2019), none of them are molecularly supported. In this study, data mining and bioinformatic approaches, allowing to collect DNA sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region available up to date. All sequences were analyzed under the Relaxed-Random-Walk (RRW) methodology, aiming to estimate ancestral areas and spatiotemporal dispersion patterns, with South American insights. ITS was also used with Single Locus Species Discovery (SLSD) methodology, which allows the delimitation of putative lineages/species (cryptic diversity). RRW supported that the origin and the genetic diversity center of C. arabica species took place between Ethiopia and South Sudan. The study also found evidence of five colonization events and the dispersion of the species within Latin America. SLSD estimated two to 12 cryptic lineages/species within C. arabica depending on the algorithm used; with Latin America being home to two to six of these lineages. The results suggest that the evolutionary history and global dispersion of C. arabica is more complex than historians have registered, showing intermediary regions and ancestors unpublished nowadays, as well as a cryptic diversity being underestimated.
Is the Incidence of Eating Pathology and Intense Body Dissatisfaction in poorer communities of color comparable to national incidence?
Authors: Woodland Stacie Leev , Lufkin Kate P.
Published: April 2023

Background: Communities of color have been under-assessed and under-diagnosed with eating disorders. Most of the previous research on BIPOC communities has focused mainly on eating pathology as it relates to food insecurity. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the incidence of eating pathology and intense body dissatisfaction in poorer communities of color was comparable to the incidence reported by the National Institute of Mental Health and National Eating Disorder Association. The data outcomes may be relevant to community based mental health clinics and their partners as it will potentially highlight gaps in research, diagnostic assessment, and treatment interventions specific to eating disorders in marginalized communities.
Methods: The data was collected from 309 individuals seeking mental health treatment in a community based mental health clinic in East Harlem NYC. Two separate assessments were utilized. The first assessment was conducted at intake within the comprehensive psychosocial assessment. It was a self-reported measure that assessed frequencies of 5 types of eating pathology: 1.) restricting, 2.) restricting/binging 3.) restricting/purging, 4.) binge/purging, and 5.) binging. Body and Weight Attitude Likert assessment scale, a 14-item measure was created based on 5 sub-scales: 1.) income 2.) restricting eating and obsessive thought behavior 3.) body dissatisfaction 4.) binge-eating and compensatory behavior 5.) emotional distress.
Results: This is the first study to investigate rates of eating pathology and attitudes around body image and weight in a poorer community with the majority of the community identifying as people of color. What we found was high rates of body dissatisfaction and high incidence of eating pathology which is not only comparable to the NIMH and NEDA’s data for a white population but is higher than what the current data supports for any racialized group. Our data also shows higher rates of eating disorder diagnosis, particularly for AN, AAN, and EDNOS than what is supported in either NIMH and NEDA for any racialized group We discovered the incidence of frequency of restricting food was highest in the Black and mixed-Race participants. Black participants had the highest rate of diagnosis of an eating disorder of restricting type, which is much higher than the national incidence. Body dissatisfaction is the most notable risk factor in the development of eating disorders. The mixed-race group (n=97) rated highest on intensity of body dissatisfaction. This study highlights the need for further investigation, so we don’t perpetuate the neglect of these communities in both mental and medical health care.
Development and Validation of a Dual Language Needs Assessment Tool for People Living With Colorectal Cancer (NeAT-CC)
Authors: Bujang Nur Nadiatul Asyikin , Kong Yek-Ching , Thiagarajan Muthukkumaran , Roslani April Camilla , Hassan Muhammad Radzi Abu , Abdullah Matin Mellor , Singh Mehesinder , Ishak Wan Zamaniah Wan , Bulgiba Awang , Danaee Mahmoud , Bhoo-Pathy Nirmala
Published: April 2023

Background: Needs assessment tools may guide optimisation of clinical services to be more patient-centred. As needs of patients living with and beyond colorectal cancer (CRC) may also be influenced by socio-cultural backgrounds and healthcare ecosystems, we developed and validated a needs assessment questionnaire for CRC in a multiethnic, low and middle-income setting.
Method: Study methodology was guided by the COSMIN checklist. Items generation was based on findings from independent qualitative inquiries with patients, input from cancer stakeholders, and literature review. Following translation into Malay language, content and face validation were undertaken. The tool was administered to 300 individuals living with and beyond CRC. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. Criterion validity was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 questionnaires.
Result: The 48-item bilingual needs assessment tool for colorectal cancer (NeAT-CC) encompassed six domains of needs, namely diagnosis, psychosocial and information, healthcare, practical and living with cancer, financial, and employment. Cronbach’s alpha was above 0.70 for all domains, indicating good internal consistency. CFA also demonstrated acceptable convergent and divergent validity with composite reliability >0.70 and Heterotrait–Monotrait index <0.90 for all constructs. Criterion validity was established given the significant negative correlation with quality of life. The NeAT-CC was easily understandable, took 15-20 minutes for completion and may be self-administered.
Conclusion: Utilisation of NeAT-CC may enable optimisation of supportive and survivorship care services following CRC in local settings. The tool has wider potential for adaptation in other multiethnic and/or low and middle-income settings.
Enhanced Oil Recovery in Heavy Oil Reservoirs: Analyzing the Impact of Water and Polymer Flooding Techniques on Performance
Authors: Aziz Sajjad , Khan Muhammad Jawad , Asad Muhammad , Kirmani Farzain Ud Din , Aziz Hassan , Saif Ahmad Hassan
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Functional Mitochondrial Depletion in Non-cancer Cells Caused by Beneficial Mitochondria Exchange for Cancer Cells is the Direct Cause of Death by Cancer
Authors: Tang Michael , Zhou Guangyi
Published: April 2023

The most important question for cancer is not how cancers form or how metastasis occurs, it is how metastatic cancer causes death. This paper proposed a theory to answer this question. Fast-proliferating cancer cells require more energy which is mainly produced by the respiration of mitochondria. However, respiration in mitochondria is not sustainable because the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced during respiration and damages mitochondria through oxidization. As a result, to meet the long-lasting and high level of energy requirement, cancer cells use up their own mitochondria, and release the used, damaged, or oxidized mitochondria to, and acquire functional, undamaged, or unoxidized mitochondria from surrounding non-cancer cells. This beneficial mitochondria exchange for cancer cells is facilitated by metastasis, because metastatic foci are much smaller than the original tumor, providing a much larger contact surface between a given number of cancer cells and the surrounding non-cancer cells. The beneficial mitochondria exchange for cancer cells keeps repeating, and gradually leads to functional mitochondria depletion in non-cancer cells, most importantly in cells of vital organs such as the brain and the heart. As a result, it leads to a lack of energy in vital organs and eventually death of the patient. This theory was supported by three key results: First, mitochondria from the brain or heart of late-stage liver cancer or prostatic cancer mice showed decreased respiration rate; Second, metastatic liver cancer cells in the lung transfer their mitochondria to surrounding cells. Lastly, the administration of functional mitochondria to prostatic cancer mice increased their survival.
Design and validation of a questionnaire to measure the person-centered experience reported by the patient (QEx-P) in outpatient, hospital and virtual care
Authors: Gutiérrez Ana María Castillo , Cantor-Cruz Francy Tatiana , Rodríguez Martha Lucia Cárdenas , Martínez Adriana Acosta , Martin José Raúl Gordillo , Gerometta Sandra Figueroa , Correa Amely Marieth Vargas , Gonzalez Nancy Yomayusa , Molina Emilio Herrera
Published: April 2023

Background The measurement of the experience perceived and reported by patients and families is essential to improve the care process. In the literature, a wide variety of questionnaires and supra-specialized scales are provided for services, pathologies or areas of care, making it difficult to compare their results. Our objective was to design and psychometrically validate a questionnaire to measure the experience of patients treated in hospitals and outpatient services and possibly virtual services.Method This was a survey and validation study of instruments with adult patients treated in eight clinics and 28 medical centers. The QEx-P Questionnaire was designed and administered electronically. Construct validity was evaluated with AFE and CFA; convergent and discriminant validity with Spearman's coefficient and Fornell's criterion, respectively; and reliability with Cronbach's alpha.Results A total of 2972 surveys were analyzed. In the validation of the construct, 12 models were estimated, finding a better goodness of fit in the 5-factor models for outpatient and hospital care and 1-factor for virtual care. The convergent validity showed a moderate correlation with the NPS. The discriminant validity was indeterminate. Reliability showed high internal consistency.Conclusion The questionnaire designed and validated in this study has psychometric validity and reliability as a tool to measure the experience reported by Spanish-speaking patients attended in outpatient and hospital services, in addition to being potentially useful for measurement in virtual services (calls or telehealth).
ASViS: A Protocol for Efficient Video Streaming Using SVC and Deadline-based Criteria.
Authors: Peña-Ancavil Eliecer , Estevez Claudio , Orchard Marcos , Sanhueza Andrés
Published: April 2023

Multimedia video streaming is the most used data consumption service on the Internet. Maintaining a data flow rate that provides the best video quality possible without overflowing the pipeline is challenging. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a commonly used protocol that sends video data in small packages called chunks. However, this technique can lead to video buffering issues and video pausing due to an empty video buffer. Adaptive Scalable Video Streaming (ASViS) is a more versatile protocol that uses scalable video coding, a flow-controlled user datagram protocol (UDP), and deadline-based criteria to manage the buffered data. Like transmission control protocol (TCP), ASViS adjusts the flow based on available bandwidth, and it can discard data based on video frame deadlines to prevent outdated data transmission. ASViS is compliant with RFC 8085, preventing it from overwhelming the Internet. The scalability feature allows ASViS to have the highest image quality possible in every frame allowed by SVC with the data layers available. A theoretical model is presented that predicts ASViS behavior under different network conditions. This work also shows how different parameters affect its performance and how it can be easily configured to optimize it.
Analysis of the Variation of the Mechanical Properties of a LLDPE Matrix by Incorporation of Reused XLPE
Authors: Loureiro Nuno , Granja J. , Lopes R. , Rocha M.
Published: April 2023

XLPE is a thermoset polymer used by ALCOBRE to insulate cooper wires. The wastes of this polymer can’t be discarded in the regular industrial waste and all the wastes costs of this material are expensive. The XLPE needs to be segregated and then a certified waste company transports this waste to identified dumping areas. In this work we try to study the incorporation of the XLPE on a LLDPE matrix.The LLDPE is a thermoplastic polymer used by ALCOBRE to coat copper wires.In this work the mechanical behaviour of XLPE/LLDPE blends is investigated in a wide range of compositions. The mechanical properties can be optimized by varying the XLPE contents of the blend. The flexural and tensile properties were estimated by different models: the rule of mixtures, Kerner-Uemura-Takayanagi model, and Nicolai-Narkis model. This work also considers the adhesion between the two material phases. The results anticipate a good adhesion between both phases. For the tensile modulus, a linear relationship is found, which indicates a good adhesion between the phases along the composition range. The increase of XLPE in the mixture decreases the bending and tensile stress. For tensile stress, the Nicolai-Narkis model is suitable for modelling behaviour by inducing good adhesion between phases. In relation to the module, it is possible to verify that in relation to the bending module the incorporation of XLPE does not affect the module. However, the traction module will be affected with the XLPE quantity in the mixture.
Effect of Raw Pectin Amendment on The Survival and Proliferation of Azospirillum in Non-Sterile Soil
Authors: Mehanni Magda M. , Mahmoud Hasnaa A.
Published: April 2023

TWO STRAINS of plant growth-promoting (PGPR) bacterium Azospirillum were isolated as endophytes from roots of wheat seedlings grown in the spermosphere model that was inoculated with aliquots of two rhizosphere soil samples. Azospirillum isolate 3Re was recovered after inoculation with Sisamum irio rhizosphere soil and the other isolate (1Rr) was recovered after inoculation with rhizosphere soil from Faculty of Science's botanical garden at Minia University that was planted with Allium cepa. One of the physiological studies on those Azospirillum strains exhibited that they have a pectinolytic activity. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of these locally isolated Azospirilla inoculation into a raw pectin amended soil, cultivated with Zea mays seedlings, on their population densities in rhizosphere and free soils and how far this could affect some of Zea mays growth parameters. The investigation was carried out in pot experiments using non-sterile clay soil. The most important observation in this study was that the viable Azospirillum counts in raw pectin amended free soil is equal to that of the un-amended rhizosphere soil which could indicate that the most valuable nutrient that Azospirillum could gain from root exudates is the utilizable carbon, and when it supplied to the free soil, the population number reaches that of the rhizosphere soil without the need to any other supplementation.
A novel safety assessment of the building vibration evolution undergoing a disastrous earthquake
Authors: Shih David Ching-Fang , Wu Yih-Min
Published: April 2023

It designs a disastrous earthquake as the referenced event, the known Chi-chi earthquake (1999) in Taiwan, to characterize and compare a monitored displacement of a building before and after that event. It suggests that period and damping nearly increase as the magnitude increases for the smaller distance between the building and the hypocenter. After the earthquake, it can regress the estimated best period as a function of PGA. This research performs a practical assessment of the natural vibration of a building to an attic-basement system for long-term observation of earthquake activities. It presents a novel and realistic evaluation of the natural vibration of a building under disastrous earthquake activities. Assessing building vibration evolution using historical long-term strong motion data before and after a devastating earthquake to check a building's status can be feasible and reachable. The result provides relevant safety arguments for future maintenance.
Bank’s strategic interaction, adverse price dynamics, and systemic liquidity risk
Authors: Krüger Ulrich , Roling Christoph , Silbermann Leonid , Wong Lui-Hsian
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we introduce two measures, the Systemic Liquidity Buffer (SLB) and the Systemic Liquidity Shortfall (SLS), to assess liquidity in the banking system. The SLB takes an aggregated perspective on liquidity risks in the banking system. In contrast, the SLS focuses on the problematic banks which suffer a liquidity shortfall. These measures provide an add-on to regulatory liquidity measures such as the LCR because they better incorporate a systemic perspective: (1) They model the impact of a funding shock by valuing assets at depressed market prices, (2) Doing so, they explicitly incorporate banks’ strategic responses to a market undergoing sharp price declines. We test our approach using several applications capturing both a short (5 days) and a medium-term (30 days) stress scenario, a sudden rise in interest rates, the impact of banks’ US dollar business, and the recent COVID-19 crisis.
JEL classification: C63, G01, G17, G21, G28.
Mapping and Evaluating Plant Phenology in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A Digital Approach using the Plant Phenological Index (PI)
Authors: Zhang Yan Qing , Min Zhou Xing , Kun Zhou Hua
Published: April 2023

A new plant Phenological Index (PI) has been developed based on the visibility of plants, communities, and ecosystems. An evaluation and assessment of Zhang's Phenological Index (PI) were further examined based on the field observations of Alpine Shrub and Alpine Meadow vegetation at Haibei Alpine Ecosystem Research Station in the Northwest Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Zhang's PI is a measure of the plant phenological status on the time intervals, calculated the accumulation of PI area in two dimensions. Two phenological variables were described as the Phenological Average Ratio (PAR) and the Lasted Days (LD). The LD may overlap when a certain percentage of the plant population has a nutritional stage that lasts longer than one additional phenological stage or occurs between two phenological stages. Correspondingly, the standard deviations of the observed multiple plant species represent plant population variations. After reviewing the PI applications for phenology studies on Alpine Shrub and Alpine Meadow vegetation, we found that they provide a means of measuring and comparing plant phenology at various levels - population, community, and ecosystem. During the start and end of the season in the Alpine Plateau region, plant phenological changes were significantly constrained by the environmental factors. However, during the summer season, Sunlight Hours (X4), Accumulated Ground Temperature (X3) and Accumulated Air Temperate (X1) above 0 oC had a more uniform impact on plant phenology across the region. Zhang's PI can be used for climate change research by altering warming temperatures, water conditions, and nutrient levels. We also discussed the concern of applying Zhang's PI to global warming research. Moreover, the Seasonal Phenological Index (SPI) can be described on a regional scale and used with ASOS, SEOS, SPAR, and SLD characters to evaluate the changes in the timing of seasonal events in Eq. (3)(4)(5).
Counterintuitive utopias
Authors: Sprenger Guido
Published: April 2023

What if the institutions of modern society were not informed by the ideas of Descartes or Adam Smith but by those of Mauss, Viveiros de Castro or their anthropological inspirations? This extrapolation would lead to counterintui-tive utopias, to institutions that are always in the making, but that nevertheless offer alternative ways of dealing with xenophobia, capitalism or the environmental crisis. Xenophobia would be countered by the model of the stranger king, the integration of the stranger as a necessity for a complete society. Capitalism would be restricted to the market and subordinated to the principles of gift exchange. An objectifying notion of nature would be complemented by practices of animism that enable a moral relationship with non-humans. The value of otherness and concepts of per-sonhood unite these three approaches.
Richard Thurnwalds formative Phasen in Österreich und Bosnien
Authors: Gingrich Andre
Published: April 2023

The present analysis examines a number of fairly recent research in-sights and the underlying sources related to the early phases of Richard Thurnwald’s career. These phases unfolded mainly in Vienna, Bosnia and Graz, before Thurn-wald moved to Berlin in 1901, eventually to become one of the world’s best-known socio-cultural anthropologists from the German-speaking countries in the twen-tieth century. This article examines Thurnwald’s fieldwork experience in Bosnia against the background of that region’s status in the Habsburg Empire, and in view of the conceptual, methodological and linguistic training Thurnwald brought with him. It then contextualizes Thurnwald’s field methods within a wider spectrum of the methodological pluralism of Vienna’s academic landscapes, and examines the role of Ludwig Gumplowicz in Graz for shaping Thurnwald’s next career moves. As a result, a detailed assessment of the continuities and discontinuities between this and subsequent phases in Thurnwald’s career promotes an improved understan-ding of his biography and oeuvre.
Von einem Schloss zum anderen (I.)
Authors: Schüttpelz Erhard
Published: April 2023

Forum
Ceridwen Spark: The new Port Moresby. Honolulu 2020
Authors: Goddard Michael
Published: April 2023

Buchbesprechung
Bénédicte Savoy: Afrikas Kampf um seine Kunst. München: C.H. Beck 2021; Dan Hicks: The brutish museums. London 2020
Authors: Schindlbeck Markus
Published: April 2023

Buchbesprechung
Adressen der Autoren
Authors: Jebens Holger
Published: April 2023

Adressen der Autoren
Confessional (Self-)Identification of the Late Elizabethan Church of England: Richard Hooker's Views on Church Ritual
Authors: Давыдов И.П. , Фадеев И.А.
Published: April 2023

Раскрывается критическое отношение Ричарда Хукера к распространенной в период Елизаветинского религиозного устроения идее адиафоричности ритуала. На примере теоретического формирования коллективной идентичности ортодоксального крыла Церкви Англии продемонстрирована роль литургии в процессе идентификации. Была применена методология исторического анализа, семиотики теологических знаковых систем и «археологии» литургии. Вывод: идентификационное значение ритуала состоит в его стереотипности, знаковости и социальной принадлежности. Важнейшую роль в «реабилитации» и теоретическом оправдании литургии при Елизавете сыграли богословские и богослужебные принципы, правоту которых отстаивал Ричард Хукер.

In their article, the authors explore Richard Hooker's critical attitude to the idea of the adiaphoric nature of church ritual that was prevalent in the Elizabethan Church of England. The role of liturgy in the process of identification is demonstrated through the theoretical formation of the collective identity of the orthodox wing of the reformed English Church. The methodology of historical analysis, semiotics of theological sign systems, and the "archaeology" of liturgy was applied. Conclusion: The identification value of the ritual lies in its stereotypical and signifying nature as well as its social identity. A crucial role in the 'rehabilitation' and theoretical justification of liturgy under Elizabeth I was played by the theological and liturgical principles, the validity of which was advocated by Richard Hooker.
Ideological Practices of Bolsheviks and the Publishing House "Academia" in the First Half of the 1930s
Authors: Кравцова Е.С.
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматривается деятельность издательства «Academia» в первой пол. 1930-х гг. Выявляется, как в предисловиях к художественным произведениям итальянского Ренессанса, написанных большевиками (руководителями издательства) и «старыми специалистами» (переводчиками и историками), издатели-большевики, оставаясь в рамках советского культурного проекта по созданию нового человека, меняют его идеологическую парадигму: от идеи преодоления истории через создание и овладение новым художественным стилем, опираясь на наследие прошлых веков, к утверждению советского общества в истории через систему художественных образов, переведенных и адаптированных к советской культуре.

The article examines the activities of the publishing house "Academia" in the first half of the 1930s. It studies how in the prefaces to the Italian Renaissance's novels and treatises, written by Bolsheviks, the heads of the publishing house, and "old specialists", translators, historians, changed an ideological paradigm of the cultural project "a new soviet man": from the idea of overcoming history through the creation and mastering of a new artistic style, relying on the heritage of past centuries, to the affirmation of Soviet society in history through a system of artistic images, translated and adapted into the soviet culture.
The USA as a «Significant Other» in the Context of the Nationalism Development in Colonial Canada and Australia in the 19th Century
Authors: Нохрин И.М. , Саукова Е.С.
Published: April 2023

В статье мы отталкиваемся от ставшего уже классическим постулата Ф. Барта о конструирующей роли границ в формировании этнической и национальной идентичности. С этой точки зрения национальное самоопределение – это не столько продукт развития культурной самобытности того или иного сообщества, сколько результат рефлексии о «другом» или, выражаясь словами Ж. Лакана, конституирующим другом. Мы ставим целью доказать, что подобным же образом, происходило и развитие колониального национализма в Канаде и Австралии. В развитии национального дискурса для их интеллектуалов важнейшую роль сыграла идея наличия у канадцев и австралийцев коренных отличий от американцев – их «значимом другом».

In the article, we base on F. Barth's postulate, which has already become a classic, about the constructive role of borders in the formation of ethnic and national identity. From this point of view, national self-determination is not so much a product of the development of the cultural identity of a particular community, but rather the result of reflection on the «other» or, in the words of J. Lacan, the constitutive other. We aim to prove that the development of colonial nationalism in Canada and Australia took place in a similar way. In the development of national discourse for their intellectuals, the idea that Canadians and Australians have fundamental differences from Americans, their «constituting other», played a crucial role.
Remember the Alliance: the Image of the Franco-Russian Alliance in the Third Republic in the Interwar Period
Authors: Галкина Ю.М.
Published: April 2023

Заключение франко-русского альянса было шокирующим для современников: союз республиканской Франции и монархической России воспринимался с удивлением. Тем не менее, этот альянс был закреплен французскими элитами в различных памятниках литературы, искусства, предметах элитного потребления. Предлагаемое исследование ставит вопрос: пользовался ли «спросом» образ франко-русского альянса в судьбоносные для Франции 1930-е гг.? Был ли Пакт 1935 года окружен воспоминаниями о союзе с Россией? На материалах прессы, источников личного происхождения (в том числе, впервые вводимых в научный оборот) автор приходит к выводу, что франко-русский альянс не был востребован в обстановке 1920-х гг., а в 1930-е гг. вызывал полярные оценки политиков и интеллектуалов, зависел от внутриполитических, идеологических (проблема распространения левой идеи во Франции) и экономических факторов.

The conclusion of the Franco-Russian alliance was shocking for contemporaries: the union of republican France and monarchist Russia was perceived with surprise. Nevertheless, this alliance was consolidated by the French elites in various monuments of literature, art, and elite consumer goods. The proposed study raises the question: was the image of the Franco-Russian alliance relevant for France in the 1930s? Was the 1935 Pact surrounded by memories of an alliance with Russia? Based on press materials, sources of personal origin (including those first introduced into scientific circulation), the author concludes that the Franco-Russian alliance was not in demand in the 1920s. In the 1930s, the Franco-Russian alliance caused polar assessments of politicians and intellectuals, depended on domestic political, ideological (the problem of the spread of the left idea in France) and economic factors
The Idea of Legal Comparativism in the Intellectual Legacy of Gustave Boissonade De Fontarabie
Authors: Пужаев В.В. , Романовская В.Б.
Published: April 2023

В статье исследуются правовые воззрения французского компаративиста Гюстава Буассонада де Фонтараби (1825–1910), отразившие его подход к по-ниманию целей и задач сравнительного законоведения. Оценён вклад Буассо-нада в обоснование идеи юридического компаративизма, позволяющий пред-ставить его в качестве одного из предшественников науки сравнительного правоведения, рождение которой обычно связывают с проведением в 1900 г. в Париже первого Международного конгресса сравнительного права. Отмечена связь учения Буассонада с философией юснатурализма. Рассматривая есте-ственное право в виде совокупности наднациональных и универсальных пра-вовых принципов, общих для всех народов, Буассонад доказывал, что они могут быть адаптированы к конкретным потребностям той или иной страны. По мнению Буассонада, универсальность естественного права обеспечивает возможность передачи прогрессивного опыта законодательного регулирования от одних стран мира к другим, чьё законодательство менее прогрессивно в отражении (юридической фиксации) естественно-правовых ценностей и идеалов.

The article examines the legal views of French comparativist Gustave Boissonade de Fontarabie (1825-1910), which reflected his approach to the understanding of goals and objectives of comparative legislation. Boissonade's contribution to the substantiation of the idea of legal comparativism is evaluated, which makes it pos-sible to present Boissonade as one of the forerunners of the science of comparative law. The birth of comparative law as a science is usually associated with the first International Congress of Comparative Law held in 1900 in Paris. The connection of Boissonade's teachings with the philosophy of jusnaturalism is highlighted. Considering natural law as a set of supranational and universal legal principles, Boissonade argued that they can be adapted to the specific needs of a particular coun-try. According to Boissonade, the universality of natural law makes it possible to transfer the progressive experience of legislative regulation from some countries of the world to others, whose legislation is less progressive in reflecting the natural legal values and ideals.
“Protect yourself, sir!”: About the dissertational culture of the scientific community of historians in pre-revolutionary Russia
Authors: Леонтьева О.Б.
Published: April 2023

В рецензии анализируется коллективная монография под редакцией Н.Н. Алеврас и Н.В. Гришиной «Диссертационная культура российского историко-научного сообщества: опыт и практики подготовки и защит диссертаций (XIX – начало XX в.)» (2022). Авторы исследуют нормативно-правовые, институциональные, методологические, коммуникативные и коммеморативные аспекты защиты диссертаций по историческим разрядам наук в дореволюционной России, прослеживают становление практик подготовки и защиты диссертации как форм профессиональной культуры ученых-историков. Заслугой авторов является формирование и детальный анализ базы данных о 280 диссертантах и 409 диссертациях по истории.

This book review is devoted to the analysis of the collective monograph ed. by N.N. Alevras and N.V. Grishina “Dissertational culture of the Russian historical scientific community: experience and practice of writing and defending dissertations (XIX – early XX c.)” (2022). The authors examine the regulatory, institutional, methodological, communicative and commemorative aspects of the defense of dissertations in historical sciences in the Russian Empire, study the practices for writing and defending dissertationsas forms of the professional culture of historians. The merit of the authors is the formation and detailed analysis of the database, which includes data on 280 scientists and 409 dissertations in history.
The Partner in Life and Science: the Diaries of N.N. Platonova
Authors: Белик К.М. , Холматов Т.К.
Published: April 2023

В рецензии проанализирован дневник Надежды Николаевны Платоновой (1861–1928), изданный в 2020 г. Дана археографическая характеристика издания. Отмечен информационный потенциал дневника. В частности, дневниковые записи рассмотрены как свидетельство профессорского быта конца XIX – начала XX в. Проведен анализ коммуникативных взаимодействий как школообразующих практик петербургских историков. Рассмотрена роль Н.Н. Платоновой в научной деятельности супруга – историка Сергея Федоровича Платонова (1860–1933).

The review analyzes the diary of Nadezhda Nikolaevna Platonova (1861–1928), published in 2020. There are given the archeographic characteristics of the publication. There is also estimated the information potential of the diary. In particular the diary is considered as the evidence of the professorial life of the late XIX – early XX с. There is paid special attention to the analysis of communicative interactions as school-forming practices of St. Petersburg historians. Then the review represented the role of N.N. Platonova in the academic activity of her husband – historian Sergey Fedorovich Platonov (1860–1933). The final part presents the prospects for researching the dissertation culture through the diary of N.N. Platonova.
To the translation of Donatus’ Ars Grammatica (III. 1. – 4.)
Authors: Петрова М.С.
Published: April 2023

Публикуется комментированный перевод c латинского языка разделов из «Грамматической науки» (“Аrs grammatica” [Ars minor]) Доната, которые относятся к языковым ошибкам и неправильностям в речи – «О варваризме», «О солецизме», «О других погрешностях в речи», «О метаплазме».

A commented translation from Latin of sections from Donatus’ “Ars grammatica” (Ars minor) is published, which relate to linguistic errors and irregularities in speech – “On Barbarism” (De barbarismo), “On Solecism” (De soloecismo ), “On Other Errors in Speech” (De ceteris vitiis), “On Metaplasm” (De metaplasmo).