bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the Stockwell Transform in the Detection of P300 Evoked Potentials with Low-Cost Brain Sensors
Authors: Pérez-Vidal Alan F. , Garcia-Beltran Carlos D. , Martínez-Sibaja Albino , Posada-Gómez Rubén
Published: May 2018

The evoked potential is a neuronal activity that originates when a stimulus is presented. To achieve its detection, various techniques of brain signal processing can be used. One of the most studied evoked potentials is the P300 brain wave, which usually appears between 300 and 500 ms after the stimulus. Currently, the detection of P300 evoked potentials is of great importance due to its unique properties that allow the development of applications such as spellers, lie detectors, and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. The present study was developed to demonstrate the usefulness of the Stockwell transform in the process of identifying P300 evoked potentials using a low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) device with only two brain sensors. The acquisition of signals was carried out using the Emotiv EPOC® device—a wireless EEG headset. In the feature extraction, the Stockwell transform was used to obtain time-frequency information. The algorithms of linear discriminant analysis and a support vector machine were used in the classification process. The experiments were carried out with 10 participants; men with an average age of 25.3 years in good health. In general, a good performance (75–92%) was obtained in identifying P300 evoked potentials.
State Recognition of Bone Drilling Based on Acoustic Emission in Pedicle Screw Operation
Authors: Guan Fengqing , Sun Yu , Qi Xiaozhi , Hu Ying , Yu Gang , Zhang Jianwei
Published: May 2018

Pedicle drilling is an important step in pedicle screw fixation and the most significant challenge in this operation is how to determine a key point in the transition region between cancellous and inner cortical bone. The purpose of this paper is to find a method to achieve the recognition for the key point. After acquiring acoustic emission (AE) signals during the drilling process, this paper proposed a novel frequency distribution-based algorithm (FDB) to analyze the AE signals in the frequency domain after certain processes. Then we select a specific frequency domain of the signal for standard operations and choose a fitting function to fit the obtained sequence. Characters of the fitting function are extracted as outputs for identification of different bone layers. The results, which are obtained by detecting force signal and direct measurement, are given in the paper. Compared with the results above, the results obtained by AE signals are distinguishable for different bone layers and are more accurate and precise. The results of the algorithm are trained and identified by a neural network and the recognition rate reaches 84.2%. The proposed method is proved to be efficient and can be used for bone layer identification in pedicle screw fixation.
Rapid Iodine Sensing on Mechanically Treated Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Cho Eunbyul , Perebikovsky Alexandra , Benice Olivia , Holmberg Sunshine , Madou Marc , Ghazinejad Maziar
Published: May 2018

In this work, we report on a rapid, efficient electrochemical iodine sensor based on mechanically treated carbon nanofiber (MCNF) electrodes. The electrode’s highly graphitic content, unique microstructure, and the presence of nitrogen heteroatoms in its atomic lattice contribute to increased heterogeneous electron transfer and improved kinetics compared to conventional pyrolytic carbons. The electrode demonstrates selectivity for iodide ions in the presence of both interfering agents and high salt concentrations. The sensor exhibits clinically relevant limits of detection of 0.59 µM and 1.41 µM, in 1X PBS and synthetic urine, respectively, and a wide dynamic range between 5 µM and 700 µM. These results illustrate the advantages of the material’s unique electrochemical properties for iodide sensing, in addition to its simple, inexpensive fabrication. The reported iodine sensor eliminates the need for specimen processing, revealing its aptitude for applications in point-of-care diagnostics.
Convolutional Neural Network Based on Extreme Learning Machine for Maritime Ships Recognition in Infrared Images
Authors: Khellal Atmane , Ma Hongbin , Fei Qing
Published: May 2018

The success of Deep Learning models, notably convolutional neural networks (CNNs), makes them the favorable solution for object recognition systems in both visible and infrared domains. However, the lack of training data in the case of maritime ships research leads to poor performance due to the problem of overfitting. In addition, the back-propagation algorithm used to train CNN is very slow and requires tuning many hyperparameters. To overcome these weaknesses, we introduce a new approach fully based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to learn useful CNN features and perform a fast and accurate classification, which is suitable for infrared-based recognition systems. The proposed approach combines an ELM based learning algorithm to train CNN for discriminative features extraction and an ELM based ensemble for classification. The experimental results on VAIS dataset, which is the largest dataset of maritime ships, confirm that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art models in term of generalization performance and training speed. For instance, the proposed model is up to 950 times faster than the traditional back-propagation based training of convolutional neural networks, primarily for low-level features extraction.
Optimal Control for Aperiodic Dual-Rate Systems With Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Aranda-Escolástico Ernesto , Salt Julián , Guinaldo María , Chacón Jesús , Dormido Sebastián
Published: May 2018

In this work, we consider a dual-rate scenario with slow input and fast output. Our objective is the maximization of the decay rate of the system through the suitable choice of the n-input signals between two measures (periodic sampling) and their times of application. The optimization algorithm is extended for time-varying delays in order to make possible its implementation in networked control systems. We provide experimental results in an air levitation system to verify the validity of the algorithm in a real plant.
Discriminating between Different Heavy Metal Ions with Fullerene-Derived Nanoparticles
Authors: Ciotta Erica , Prosposito Paolo , Tagliatesta Pietro , Lorecchio Chiara , Stella Lorenzo , Kaciulis Saulius , Soltani Peiman , Placidi Ernesto , Pizzoferrato Roberto
Published: May 2018

A novel type of graphene-like nanoparticle, synthesized by oxidation and unfolding of C60 buckminsterfullerene fullerene, showed multiple and reproducible sensitivity to Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and As(III) through different degrees of fluorescence quenching or, in the case of Cd2+, through a remarkable fluorescence enhancement. Most importantly, only for Cu2+ and Pb2+, the fluorescence intensity variations came with distinct modifications of the optical absorption spectrum. Time-resolved fluorescence study confirmed that the common origin of these diverse behaviors lies in complexation of the metal ions by fullerene-derived carbon layers, even though further studies are required for a complete explanation of the involved processes. Nonetheless, the different response of fluorescence and optical absorbance towards distinct cationic species makes it possible to discriminate between the presence of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and As(III), through two simple optical measurements. To this end, the use of a three-dimensional calibration plot is discussed. This property makes fullerene-derived nanoparticles a promising material in view of the implementation of a selective, colorimetric/fluorescent detection system.
Electrochemical Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in Water after Electrocatalytic and Ultraviolet Treatments Using a Polyguanine-Labeled Secondary Bead Sensor
Authors: Beeman Michael G. , Nze Ugochukwu C. , Sant Himanshu J. , Malik Hammad , Mohanty Swomitra , Gale Bruce K , Carlson Krista
Published: May 2018

The availability of clean drinking water is a significant problem worldwide. Many technologies exist for purifying drinking water, however, many of these methods require chemicals or use simple methods, such as boiling and filtering, which may or may not be effective in removing waterborne pathogens. Present methods for detecting pathogens in point-of-use (POU) sterilized water are typically time prohibitive or have limited ability differentiating between active and inactive cells. This work describes a rapid electrochemical sensor to differentially detect the presence of active Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 in samples that have been partially or completely sterilized using a new POU electrocatalytic water purification technology based on superradicals generated by defect laden titania (TiO2) nanotubes. The sensor was also used to detect pathogens sterilized by UV-C radiation for a comparison of different modes of cell death. The sensor utilizes immunomagnetic bead separation to isolate active bacteria by forming a sandwich assay comprised of antibody functionalized secondary magnetic beads, E. coli O157:H7, and polyguanine (polyG) oligonucleotide functionalized secondary polystyrene beads as an electrochemical tag. The assay is formed by the attachment of antibodies to active receptors on the membrane of E. coli, allowing the sensor to differentially detect viable cells. Ultravioloet (UV)-C radiation and an electrocatalytic reactor (ER) with integrated defect-laden titania nanotubes were used to examine the sensors’ performance in detecting sterilized cells under different modes of cell death. Plate counts and flow cytometry were used to quantify disinfection efficacy and cell damage. It was found that the ER treatments shredded the bacteria into multiple fragments, while UV-C treatments inactivated the bacteria but left the cell membrane mostly intact.
Investigation of the Temperature Fluctuation of Single-Phase Fluid Based Microchannel Heat Sink
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Jiejun , He Jian , Wu Chuangui , Luo Wenbo , Shuai Yao , Zhang Wanli , Lee Chengkuo
Published: May 2018

The temperature fluctuation in a single-phase microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is investigated using the integrated temperature sensors with deionized water as the coolant. Results show that the temperature fluctuation in single phase is not negligible. The causes of the temperature fluctuation are revealed based on both simulation and experiment. It is found that the inlet temperature fluctuation and the gas bubbles separated out from coolant are the main causes. The effect of the inlet temperature fluctuation is global, where the temperatures at different locations change simultaneously. Meanwhile, the gas bubble effect is localized where the temperature changes at different locations are not synchronized. In addition, the relation between temperature fluctuation and temperature gradient is established. The temperature fluctuation increases with the temperature gradient accordingly.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Constraints in Northern Ghana: Evidence of Farmers in Sissala West District
Authors: Fagariba Clifford James , Song Shaoxian , Soule Baoro Serge Kevin Gildas
Published: May 2018

Research findings indicate that most African countries are vulnerable to climate change as a result of challenges such as poverty, weather extremes, and insufficient governmental agricultural support. For this reason, the researchers used the Sissala West District as a case study to determine factors influencing farmers’ adaptation to climate change and strategies used to avert climate change impact. A total of 330 small-scale farmers were sampled for survey and 150 key informants were used in focus group discussions. Utilizing the logistic regression model, the study indicated irregular rainfall, high temperature, weather information, and high evaporation as the factors that highly influenced farmers’ ability to adapt to climate change. A Weighted Average Index used to measure weather extremes revealed that drought and temperature had the highest level of occurrence. Furthermore, climate change adaptation strategies assessed in the study showed that agroforestry practices, drought-resistant crops, and mulching were the most preferred methods. The study concluded that farmers’ ability to adapt to climate change can be improved if the Environmental Protection Agency and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture intensify climate adaptation campaigns, increase access to weather information, and train farmers on adaptable strategies including, but not limited to, alternative sources of livelihood.
Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Cobalt, Arsenic and Selenium in the Blood of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) from Suriname, South America: Age-related Differences in Wintering Site and Comparisons with a Stopover Site in New Jersey, USA
Authors: Burger Joanna , Mizrahi David , Tsipoura Nellie , Jeitner Christian , Gochfeld Michael
Published: May 2018

It is essential to understand contaminant exposure and to compare levels of contaminants in organisms at different ages to determine if there is bioaccumulation, and to compare levels encountered in different geographical areas. In this paper, we report levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, cobalt, arsenic and selenium in the blood of semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) wintering in Suriname as a function of age, and compare them to blood levels in northbound migrants at a stopover in Delaware Bay, New Jersey. We found (1) young birds had higher levels of cadmium, cobalt, and lead than adults (after second year birds); (2) there were no age-related differences for arsenic, mercury and selenium; (3) only four of the possible 16 inter-metal correlations were significant, at the 0.05 level; (4) the highest correlation was between cadmium and lead (Kendall tau = 0.37); and (5) the adult sandpipers had significantly higher levels of cadmium, mercury and selenium in Suriname than in New Jersey, while the New Jersey birds had significantly higher levels of arsenic. Suriname samples were obtained in April, after both age classes had spent the winter in Suriname, which suggests that sandpipers are accumulating higher levels of trace elements in Suriname than in Delaware Bay. The levels of selenium may be within a range of concern for adverse effects, but little is known about adverse effect levels of trace elements in the blood of wild birds.
Application of a Steady Meandering River with Piers Using a Lattice Boltzmann Sub-Grid Model in Curvilinear Coordinate Grid
Authors: Chen Liping , Zhao Zhuangming , Huang Ping
Published: May 2018

A sub-grid multiple relaxation time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann model with curvilinear coordinates is applied to simulate an artificial meandering river. The method is based on the D2Q9 model and standard Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) model is introduced to simulate meandering flows. The interpolation supplemented lattice Boltzmann method (ISLBM) and the non-equilibrium extrapolation method are used for second-order accuracy and boundary conditions. The proposed model was validated by a meandering channel with a 180° bend and applied to a steady curved river with piers. Excellent agreement between the simulated results and previous computational and experimental data was found, showing that MRT-LBM (MRT lattice Boltzmann method) coupled with a Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) model in a curvilinear coordinates grid is capable of simulating practical meandering flows.
Evaluation of Unified Algorithms for Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll-a and Turbidity in Lake Shinji and Lake Nakaumi of Japan and the Vaal Dam Reservoir of South Africa under Eutrophic and Ultra-Turbid Conditions
Authors: Sakuno Yuji , Yajima Hiroshi , Yoshioka Yumi , Sugahara Shogo , Abd Elbasit Mohamed A. M. , Adam Elhadi , Chirima Johannes George
Published: May 2018

We evaluated unified algorithms for remote sensing of chlorophyll-a (Chla) and turbidity in eutrophic and ultra-turbid waters such as Japan’s Lake Shinji and Lake Nakaumi (SJNU) and the Vaal Dam Reservoir (VDR) in South Africa. To realize this objective, we used 38 remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), Chla and turbidity datasets collected in these waters between July 2016 and March 2017. As a result, we clarified the following items. As a unified Chla model, we obtained strong correlation (R2 = 0.7, RMSE = 2 mg m−3) using a two-band model (2-BM) and three-band model (3-BM), with Rrs(687)/Rrs(672) and [Rrs−1(687) − Rrs−1(672)] × Rrs(832). As a unified turbidity model, we obtained strong correlation (R2 = 0.7, RMSE = 260 NTU) using 2-BM and 3-BM, with Rrs(763)/Rrs(821) and Rrs(810) − [Rrs(730) + Rrs(770)]/2. When targeting the Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imager (MSI) frequency band, we focused on MSI Bands 4 and 5 (Rrs(740) and Rrs(775)) for the Chla algorithm. When optically separating SJNU and VDR data, it is effective to use the slopes of MSI Bands 3 and 4 (Rrs(560) and Rrs(665)) and the slopes of MSI Bands 7 and 9 (Rrs(775) and Rrs(865)).
Politiques de la faillite
Authors: Juven Pierre-André , Lemoine Benjamin
Published: May 2018

Il est désormais devenu banal de déclarer des structures publiques « en situation de faillite ». Ce dossier décrit les effets politiques de l’extension aux structures et services publics d’un raisonnement et d’un mode de fonctionnement réservé jusqu’à présent à des organisations de droit privé : la survie par le rendement économique et la menace de faillite. Loin de ne constituer qu’une rhétorique, la loi de sélection financière s’incarne dans des dispositifs économiques et juridiques qui mettent en concurrence les services publics et en renforcent certains au détriment d’autres. Pivotant autour de l’ambiguïté sémantique et technique de la faillite, le gouvernement par la faillibilité installe au cœur de la gestion des services publics la crainte de leur extinction, afin d’inciter à la réforme, tout en ménageant, avec la fragilisation de leurs moyens, un espace pour la possibilité réelle de leur disparition. En enquêtant sur la matérialité, les structures et les jeux d’acteurs de ce régime de faillibilité, cet article révèle la transformation profonde du secteur public exposé à la question de sa profitabilité et de sa liquidation.
Faillite d’État et fragilité juridique
Authors: Deforge Quentin , Lemoine Benjamin
Published: May 2018

En étudiant les controverses relatives aux mécanismes légitimes de régulation des faillites souveraines, cette enquête montre la capacité de résilience des instruments et des acteurs assurant la continuité d’un ordre marchand dans les domaines juridiques et financiers à l’échelle globale. À deux reprises, en 2002 à travers une initiative du Fonds monétaire international, puis en 2015 à l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies, les alternatives à la régulation par les marchés de capitaux, visant à installer un mécanisme juridique supranational, ont été disqualifiées. En s’appuyant sur une enquête auprès des acteurs et des institutions constitutives de la gouvernance économique internationale, l’article donne à voir le travail de consolidation de l’ordre marchand, et ce à quoi tient cet ordre global. Contrairement à une vision spontanée, les États ne sont pas exclusivement des « victimes » des marchés globalisés de la dette et des fonds « vautours » qui refusent les renégociations de dette et entament des procédures pour se faire rembourser intégralement. Au nom de leur attractivité financière et de leur accès aux ressources des marchés de capitaux globalisés, les départements du Trésor de différents États émergents se soumettent aux formats contractuels des places financières étrangères et concèdent une version restreinte de leurs pouvoirs souverains.
Contrefactuels dans le droit ? Hypothèses et mondes possibles
Authors: Pasini Enrico
Published: May 2018

Le point de départ de cette contribution est la connexion entre raisonnement hypothétique et droit dans les textes de jeunesse de Leibniz. On aborde ensuite la question des conditionnels hypothétiques dans la logique plus tardive des mondes possibles, ce qui soulève la question de la divergence et de la possible convergence entre ces différentes étapes de la pensée logique leibnizienne. Faire des hypothèses sur les mondes possibles comprend – ou consiste à faire – des raisonnements contrefactuels, ce qui soulève des questions complexes qui sont envisagées en comparant la doctrine leibnizienne des mondes possibles avec certains points de celle de David Lewis. Cette analyse permettra de suggérer, finalement, que la logique juridique du jeune Leibniz trouve dans la logique des mondes possibles, non pas une conception antagoniste, mais son développement.
Parler à des sourds. Les apostrophes métaleptiques dans le roman du xvii e siècle
Authors: Charles Lise
Published: May 2018

S’il est une figure de la transgression, c’est bien la métalepse. Par elle est franchie la « frontière sacrée » qui sépare le monde du narrateur de celui de ses personnages. Il est donc naturel que les exemples le plus souvent cités de métalepses soient issus d’une littérature comique, ludique ou expérimentale. La considération d’un corpus peu connu, celui des histoires tragiques et des histoires d’amour du premier xvii e  siècle, offre un autre visage du procédé : il est fréquent que, dans une « apostrophe métaleptique », le narrateur s’adresse à ses personnages pour les prévenir de leurs malheurs à venir. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que le procédé n’est pas perçu, au début du siècle, comme une véritable transgression, car les frontières entre les deux mondes sont alors peu étanches, et les différentes postures du narrateur particulièrement souples.
La décentralisation entraîne-t-elle des comportements stratégiques entre les collectivités locales au Maroc ?
Authors: Zine El Alaoui Samir
Published: May 2018

En utilisant une base de données riche portant sur 1302 communes marocaines de 2005 à 2009, cet article tente de vérifier empiriquement l’existence d’interactions stratégiques entre les communes au Maroc. Nos résultats montrent que les choix en matière de taxation des communes sont influencés par les choix faits dans les communes voisines, et surtout entre les communes urbaines. De ce constat, nous pouvons dire que la décentralisation induit des comportements stratégiques entre les collectivités de même rang dans les pays en développement, comme c’est le cas dans les pays développés.
Prendre (sa) part. Habiter, c’est participer
Authors: Overney Laetitia
Published: May 2018

L’article décrit la participation des personnes sans abri dans les Centres d’hébergement et de réinsertion sociale. Participer lorsque l’on est hébergé dans une institution, ce n’est pas simplement donner son avis dans les dispositifs prévus par la loi 2002-2. C’est chercher à transformer l’espace pour y être bien. Les résidents participent lorsqu’ils prennent part aux espaces collectifs et à la vie commune, se construisent des habitudes de vie, maintiennent un équilibre subtil entre vie publique et vie privée. En rapprochant la participation de l’acte d’habiter, notre ethnographie élargit le répertoire des ressources traditionnellement admises pour participer.
D’une rive à l’autre du scoutisme : des aventures buissonnières à l’apprentissage de la citoyenneté
Authors: Vanhoenacker Maxime , Vroylandt Thomas
Published: May 2018

À partir de l’ethnographie d’un rassemblement international de jeunes scouts au seuil de l’âge adulte, cet article interroge le scoutisme comme espace d’apprentissage de la citoyenneté. La participation s’y envisage d’abord comme une invitation à l’aventure, privilégiant le jeu et les liens d’usage au sein d’un petit groupe de pairs. Progressivement élargies au fil du parcours scout, ces situations peuvent se muer en des expériences du commun et de la vie publique adaptées aux attentes juvéniles. Les ancrages affectifs et les ressorts imaginaires du scoutisme sont mis à l’épreuve dans l’exercice de la citoyenneté à l’âge adulte.
Quand Rancière s’invite chez le médecin : expertise, ignorance et émancipation dans un dispositif participatif de soin
Authors: Fauquette Alexandre
Published: May 2018

L’article s’intéresse à un dispositif d’éducation thérapeutique du patient conçu et imaginé par un médecin libertaire qui se réfère au cadre pédagogique du maître ignorant de Jacques Rancière pour rompre radicalement avec les codes traditionnels de la relation médicale et effacer toute forme d’imposition d’un biopouvoir. Il analyse plus spécifiquement les ambiguïtés qui en découlent : si l’espace de participation de ce dispositif de soin alternatif tend à réduire l’asymétrie de la relation médicale, il n’émancipe cependant que les émancipés et ne parvient à rompre totalement avec les formes de domination médecin-patient. L’égalitarisme ranciérien est en effet mis à l’épreuve de la pratique et de la responsabilité médicale, et nécessite des compromis incessants avec l’institution hospitalière. Mais les marges de manœuvre laissées par l’institution hospitalière renforcent dans le même temps le caractère transgressif et buissonnier de ce dispositif.
L’Impatience d’Éros
Authors: Chauvet Évelyne
Published: May 2018

L’impatience est ici prise dans sa valence positive qui sort l’excitation de son registre de tension de déplaisir à décharger (première théorie des pulsions), pour l’envisager dans sa valeur d’investissement aussi bien dans l’écoute de l’analyste qu’en tant que forme d’affect émergeant chez le patient à certains moments mutatifs de la cure. En particulier, envisagée dans le cadre de la deuxième théorie des pulsions, patience et impatience sont des émois forts, parties prenantes du masochisme érogène, du fait de leur rapport à l’attente, à la souffrance de la perte et du deuil. Dans les dépressions narcissiques, le travail de mélancolie par exemple, peut s’accompagner d’un mouvement d’impatience processuelle qui peut apparaître comme le témoin affectif d’une sortie de la patience masochiste et de l’abandon possible de l’objet perdu « encrypté », résultat du travail d’élaboration de la perte et des affects sous-jacents. Portée par la force d’Éros, elle témoigne alors de la sortie du champ du traumatisme et du narcissisme et du retour dans le champ du sexuel et de l’investissement objectal.
L’inconscient ignore le temps, a fortiori la patience
Authors: André Jacques
Published: May 2018

L’impatience est un mot relatif, il évoque moins l’inexistence de la catégorie psychique du temps que la violence conflictuelle que le temps fait subir à la vie psychique. À partir de figures cliniques conjuguant le couple patience-impatience, on interrogera ce même couple à travers les variations historiques de la technique psychanalytique.
Excessive douleur de l’analyste
Authors: Valon Philippe
Published: May 2018

L’impatience de l’analyste est en général mal jugée, surtout si elle se manifeste dans le cours du traitement. Mais elle peut aussi être un temps de dégagement d’une excessive patience – d’une excessive douleur – , qui entretenait en secret des satisfactions masochistes de l’analyste, en miroir de la régression sadique anale du patient. Deux cas cliniques viennent à l’appui de cette interprétation
Le conflit d’impatience
Authors: Denis Paul
Published: May 2018

L’impatience se distingue de la hâte par l’anxiété particulière qui l’accompagne. L’auteur envisage l’impatience comme le résultat d’un conflit, dans son opposition pertinente avec la patience. L’impatient est à la recherche d’une satisfaction dont il n’arrive pas à élaborer les éléments au contact des objets disponibles. L’impatience dit la difficulté d’aimer. Dans le contre-transfert la survenue d’un mouvement d’impatience signale une impasse dans le fonctionnement psychique de l’analyste devant une amorce de transfert négatif ou de réaction thérapeutique négative.
L’art impatience et autres dérives intempestives
Authors: Toussaint Évelyne
Published: May 2018

Sauf à entreprendre une enquête minutieuse, de caractère historico-sociologique, associer tel artiste ou telle œuvre à l’impatience relèverait de l’hypothèse ou de l’intuition. De plus, fort heureusement, les œuvres toujours échappent aux tentatives d’interprétation totalisante et il ne s’agit pas, ici, d’en réduire la polysémie. Cependant, quelquefois fort explicitement et parfois en creux, l’idée participe à la démarche artistique de certains créateurs parmi lesquels, la liste n’étant en rien exhaustive, Francis Picabia, Marcel Duchamp, Asger Jorn, Jean-Michel Basquiat ou Sophie Calle, certaines de leurs œuvres ou l’ensemble de leur démarche offrant plusieurs facettes qui peuvent caractériser l’impatience, que le moteur en soit la mélancolie, la révolte, l’enthousiasme, l’angoisse ou la nécessité.
Les fêtes de l’impatience (l’utopie rimbaldienne)
Authors: Vivès Vincent
Published: May 2018

Le nomadisme de Rimbaud, tout autant dans le vagabondage de la vie que dans les différentes poétiques traversées et abandonnées dès qu’inventées, signe l’impatience quant à une utopie rêvée et cependant nécessairement réalisable contre le monde réalisé. Cette impatience fait trait contre tout ce qui s’oppose à l’émancipation de l’homme : le monde des adultes, les bourgeois, tout ce qui réduit l’humanité aux lois des rentabilités. Mais l’utopie est soudée à l’impatience dès lors que la première, pour maintenir sa force (poétique) révolutionnaire, récuse tout terme/concept assignable.
Freud et la « crampe de l’écrivain ». Esquisse d’une réflexion sur cette « horror calami »
Authors: Frère Artinian Chantal
Published: May 2018

En appui sur un exemple clinique de cure de relaxation psychanalytique, l’auteure fait l’hypothèse que le symptôme « crampe de l’écrivain » repose sur un phénomène de l’ordre de la catatonie en réaction à un effondrement du tonus de base par défaut de l’objet secourable, puis sur sa reprise secondaire par les défenses du moi.
The impact of relational governance on performance improvement in export manufacturing firms
Authors: Awan Usama , Kraslawski Andrzej , Huiskonen Janne
Published: May 2018

Purpose: This paper seeks to identify the factors affecting social performance improvemens in the Pakistan export manufacturing firms and investigae inter-relationships existing among them.Design/methodology/approach: This study used a cross-sectional survey; data were collected using self-administered survey questionnaire. Using data collected from 239 small- and medium-sized direct exporters manufacturing firms in Pakistan. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) approach to test structural model, and mediation analysis was conducted with regression analysis.Findings: The results support that meta-cognitive dimensions of cultural intelligence effect on social performance improvements, while the social performance improvement significant associated with innovation performance improvements. We suggest that cultural intelligence is a key to maintaining a relationship through development better cultural understanding and creating harmony among suppliers and buyers through minimizing the differences and disputes, requires developing social cohesion. Our results reveal that exporting firms need to adapt, reconfigure cultural knowledge and integrate resources into the operations to build learning capability, in turn, they can improve social performance and achieve superior innovation performance.Practical implications: Through the application of cultural intelligence capabilty, a firm could increase its ability to sense cultural differences, seize and adapt globally scattered cultural practices on social issues and allows for the development of unique knowledge resources and capabilities, impact on firm social performance and innovation performance improvements.Originality/value: The study conducted in Pakistan cultural context, which can be extended to other Asian countries. We argue that in a globalising world it is pertinent for exporting firms to have a better understanding of the various facets of cultural when dealing with inter-organisational relationships.
Fostering a Global Mind
Authors: Smith Erika Cornelius
Published: May 2018

Globalization is reshaping twenty-first century business practices, and pedagogies of business education must adapt to provide an emphasis on cross-cultural understanding and its impact on business decision making, along with fostering skills for cultural sensitivity. The growing popularity of short-term study abroad and faculty-led immersion offer scholars and educators a new opportunity to study the impact of cross-cultural experiential learning practices on fostering cross-cultural competency among business students. This chapter will review literature describing the theoretical processes or models by which students develop intercultural competence, particularly with respect to faculty-led, short-term study immersion programs, and outline a series of best practices for designing, measuring, and implementing such programs in higher education. Finally, the chapter will conclude with brief recommendations for future research.
From Kyoto to Paris
Authors: Duruji Moses Metumara , Olanrewaju Faith O. , Duruji-Moses Favour U.
Published: May 2018

The Earth Summit of 1992 held in Rio de Janeiro awakened the consciousness of the world to the danger of climate change. The establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provided the platform for parties to negotiate on ways of moving forward. The global acknowledgement of the weightiness of the climate change and the future of the planet galvanized international agreements to this regard. Consequently, a landmark agreement was brokered in 1992 at Kyoto, Japan and 2015 in Paris, France. However, the strong issues of national interest tend to bedevil the implementation that would take the world forward on climate change. The chapter therefore examined multilateralism from the platform of climate change conferences and analyzed the political undertone behind disappointing outcomes even when most of the negotiators realized that the only way to salvage the impending doom is a multilateral binding agreement when nation-state can subsume their narrow interest.
Water Security in Pakistan
Authors: Idris Sofia
Published: May 2018

Pakistan largely faces water scarcity, and the arid agricultural land of Pakistan is mainly due to the violation of the Indus Water Treaty by its neighbor India. By blocking the river flow towards Pakistan from the head-works, India has been building excessive dams, barrages, and power projects which are illegal according to the above-mentioned international treaty, and Pakistan has many times appealed in the UN to take action against this unfair act. However, so far, nothing could be done in this regard. The study will be helpful to understand the various challenges facing Pakistan to cater the insufficient supply of water and will give insight on the most important dimensions and facts about the international challenges to meet the shortage. The trans-boundary water issue between China and India have also been studied to try to explore new options and find the solution of a much pressing problem. The study might thus contribute to understand the issue, study the role of international community, and give useful and practical suggestions to solve the most pressing problem.
Mentoring in the Web-Class for Adult Learners
Authors: Setlhodi Itumeleng Innocentia
Published: May 2018

Conventional learning, as we have come to know it, is rapidly changing due to the advancements in education provision. Strategies that focus on adult learners, particularly in ODL environments, have to be developed. This chapter endorses a discourse regarding web-mentoring as a principal form of ODL supervision that is suitable for adult learners and highlights the codes influencing their learning. It provides the quintessence and recognition of learning difficulties by determining issues arising from critical perceptions and identifying the significance of advancing learning in relation to the virtual mentor-mentee relationship. The discussion draws on both perspectives of UTAUT and the benefits of web-mentoring for adult learners. It gives prominence to features influencing technology acceptance and detects possibilities that strengthen or limit the essence of these factors by accentuating the value of netting socio-economic and techno-cultural differences to understand reception and need. Finally, it presents a framework for launching a sound mentoring relationship.
The Promise of Protocols in the Virtual Classroom
Authors: Rasmussen Harriette Thurber , Baeder Amy , Hunter Margaret A. , Chadsey Jane
Published: May 2018

Learner engagement in online learning environments tends to be erratic and dependent upon the learners themselves, not necessarily fostered by the macrostructures that house the virtual classroom. Protocols—which the authors term microstructures—can bring engagement strategies traditionally seen in face-to-face classrooms to the virtual world of online adult learning. This chapter explores how the use of microstructures supports learner-centered engagement, illustrated through a case study of a successful virtual professional learning network. This chapter also introduces the concept of accountability for participation, its role in creating engaged learners, and how microstructures can foster the psychological safety required for high levels of engagement and performance in the virtual classroom.
Teachers' Initial Training in Online Working With Students
Authors: Nicu Adriana
Published: May 2018

In order to train future teachers, it is necessary for their trainers to master ICT knowledge and skills and to be convinced that the online environment is a chance for intellectual and social development. Students are influenced in their future teaching career by the way they are trained in digital technologies. Most studies about online learning come from teachers and express their position. Initiating teachers in Romania to integrate ICT into teaching needs the existing models in the world as guidance, keeping regional economic, financial, and cultural particularities in mind. This chapter shows the results of a questionnaire administered to a sample of Romanian students representing their views on the use of ICT in schools. Interpreting and analyzing the results is just one piece of a puzzle regarding the integration of new technologies into teaching.
Cooperative Learning and Student Mentors in a Hybrid Teacher Preparation Program
Authors: Popa Carmen Alina , Bochis Laura Nicoleta , Laurian-Fitzgerald Simona , Fitzgerald Carlton J.
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, professors employed cooperative learning techniques that included assigned student mentors to assist students in their learning, assignments, and final project. The students enrolled in this weekend hybrid program are usually considered to be alternative university students. About 25% of the students in the program would be considered to be standard university students in age and living circumstances. The results indicated that the leadership roles of the student mentors made the process complex and rewarding. In spite of the issues associated with diverse students, the majority of whom work, with a significant percentage who are married and have families of their own, and the issues of distance and difficulty of getting to class, most students felt positively about their experiences and achieved well in the process.
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning
Authors: Piri Somaye , Riahi Sahar
Published: May 2018

Cultural awareness and intercultural understanding are crucial parts of learning a new language. However, not everyone has the chance to have face-to-face interaction with the people from diverse cultures. Computer-mediated technologies are favorable tools that can help learners to engage in intercultural communications. This chapter aims at intercultural learning through technology-enhanced language learning. Five main themes have emerged as the result of literature review alongside a report on major research descriptive. The literature revealed that there are 1) positive attitudes toward using digital tools in intercultural language learning, 2) the development of critical cultural awareness and intercultural communicative competence, 3) opportunities for improving all aspects of language learning. However, 4) textbooks are still the predominant learning resource, and 5) a necessity is felt for special technical skills and competencies. This study is helpful to consider the existing challenges and find new directions for future investigations.
Connected Learners
Authors: Santamaría-García Carmen
Published: May 2018

Technology-enhanced language learning (TELL) is moving ahead from the use of technology in language labs to the possibilities offered by technology in setting up new ways of communication and interactivity. The effectiveness of teaching seems to depend more on teachers' ability to motivate students by connecting to their interests and catering for different intelligences. Teachers' creativity and empathy with them will constitute essential skills for the design of tasks and projects that connect with digital native students' interests. Consideration of cultural aspects will be of essential importance in our globalized world, as learning a language must always take into account cultural variables. The objective of this chapter is to review the challenges that technology and interculturality pose to foreign language teachers and note some of the possible solutions that may facilitate efficient teaching. Politeness theory will be discussed as a theoretical framework providing resources for building social identity and doing relational work with different cultures.
Social Networking Sites
Authors: Solmaz Osman
Published: May 2018

The goal of the paper is to highlight the research examined within the context of social networking sites (SNSs), cross-cultural approaches, and relevant findings and implications for second language teaching and learning (L2TL). Furthermore, the study also investigates applicable frameworks across the academia that can be adapted by applied linguists and L2TL experts in SNS research. For this purpose, relevant findings from other fields of research and their potential implications for L2TL are presented along with applicable theoretical and methodological frameworks. It is pointed out that a number of studies from the fields can contribute to a better understanding of social networking technologies and their roles in language teaching and learning context. Therefore, it is recommended that L2TL experts investigating SNSs should familiarize themselves with SNS research across the academia and they carry out interdisciplinary projects by employing applicable theoretical and methodological frameworks.
The Foreign Language Learning Potential of Video Games
Authors: Ibrahim Karim Hesham Shaker
Published: May 2018

Recently video/digital games have grown into ubiquitous problem-solving activities and social practices that engage a fast-growing number of foreign language (FL) learners. And despite the fast growth of the gaming industry, most of the industry is based in North America, and most commercial video games are available primarily in a few Western or Asian languages. As a result, tens of thousands of gamers worldwide play commercial video games in a foreign language due to the immersive, engaging, and entertaining experience that these games offer. In addition to the recreational appeal of digital games, various studies in the field of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) have demonstrated the potential of digital gaming to promote FL use and learning. Therefore, this chapter proposes the use of commercial English video games as intercultural texts, narratives, and cultural products to promote FL learning.
Mobile-Assisted Language Learning
Authors: Mohammadi Elham , Shirkamar Zahra Sadat
Published: May 2018

Nowadays every aspect of humans' life, including education, is affected by technological advancements. Given this, teaching and learning have gone through various changes and are now space- and time-independent in the sense that they can happen at any time anywhere. MALL as a type of IT-based instruction has been popular in many developed countries, while in the developing countries the attitude and requirements for its implementation are not yet ready. In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to review the definition of MALL, synchronous/asynchronous learning, learners' perception of MALL, the status of MALL in developed and developing countries, and finally the challenges facing developing countries for implementing MALL in their educational systems. It also tries to give an insight into the cross-cultural differences affecting the use and implementation of MALL and admits there are further avenues to explore variables mediating the application of new technologies in different cultural settings. In the end, some solutions and recommendations for future research are offered.
Mixed Reality Environments in Teaching and Learning English
Authors: Ashtari Nooshan
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize readers with various forms of mixed reality environments that are used in different countries in the field of education including teaching and learning English. MiRTLE, The MARVEL Project, TIWE Linguistico, SMALLab, Virtual Touch Toolkit, SimSchool®, Second Life, and TLE TeachLivE™ are some of these technological advances that will be discussed in detail. Further explanation about the current and future use of TLE TeachLivE™ as well as other possible forms of mixed reality environments is also provided. The chapter concludes with current limitations of mixed reality environments and potential future research and applications.
A Conceptual Reference Framework for Sustainability Education in Multilingual and Cross-Cultural Settings
Authors: Ramírez-Verdugo M. Dolores , García de la Vega Alfonso
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on the area of education for sustainable development (henceforth, ESD) and presents an overview on the design and initial development of a funded research project called ©ESDIGITHAL, an international network on education. One of the aims of this project is to create a conceptual reference framework to explore the use of technology enhanced content and language integrated teaching and learning as a methodological approach for ESD. The chapter discusses some of the main field challenges identified by UNESCO and explores the use of applied technology, transmedia, and digital storytelling to examine their impact in bilingual education and in cross-cultural multilingual settings. With an emphasis on creativity, critical thinking, and innovation, this network is committed to enrich the quality of higher education and teacher training to guarantee citizens' social, economic, and cultural development.
Fostering Intercultural Competence Through Art and ICT Among University Students in Spain and Finland
Authors: Llull Josué , Palacios Alfredo , Ulkuniemi Seija
Published: May 2018

This chapter is intended to show how the use of ICT and the application of collaborative learning can enhance language acquisition in bilingual contexts. The authors want to share the conclusions of an international project conducted over three years by two European universities of education. This project focused on reflecting about the interaction between university students and cultural heritage. To do this, students were asked to create an artistic poster of any heritage element from the cities where the two universities are located. Then, they had to upload their creation to a blog and comment on other students' work, using English as a vehicular language. Among the principal outcomes, the participants were satisfied with learning about cultural issues from a different country and with discovering new things about their own heritage. They also accepted the potential of visual art and cross-curricular work as a powerful tool to learn about culture and to practice their language skills.