bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Workflow for Compositional Data Analysis in Archaeometry, with Code in R
Authors: Greenacre Michael , Wood Jonathan R.
Published: August 2024

Compositional data, which have relative rather than absolute meaning, are common in quantitative archaeological research. Such multivariate data are usually expressed as proportions, summing to 1, or equivalently as percentages. We present a comprehensive and defensible workflow for processing compositional data in archaeometry, using both the original compositional values and their transformation to logratios. The most useful logratio transformations are illustrated and how they affect the interpretation of the final results in the context of both unsupervised and supervised learning. The workflow is illustrated on compositional data from bronze ritual vessels to provide compositional fingerprints for the Shang and Zhou periods of the Chinese Bronze Age. Predictions, with caveats, of the fabrication age of the vessels are made from the compositional data -- in effect, compositional rather than typological seriation of the bronzes. In the Supplementary Material, we further explore the effect of zeros in the dataset and compare logaratio analyses with the chiPower approach, where we replace any value in the original data determined as being below the detection limit of the instruments for the element, with zeros. The data and R code for reproducing all the analyses are provided both in the Supplementary Material and online.
In vitro calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves: test method validation on prosthetic heart valves
Authors: Kiesendahl Nicole , Schmitz Christoph , Peters Lars , Weiler Marek , Schmitz-Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Clauser Johanna C
Published: August 2024

A major reason for the failure of bioprosthetic heart valves is calcification. Various pretreatment methods are developed to reduce the calcification behavior. The effectiveness of these methods has so far been investigated in expensive and time-consuming large animal studies. In order to provide a cost-, animal- and possibly also time-saving method, we developed an accelerated dynamic in vitro calcification test method.
In the present study, we validated this method using a comparative test of two differently pretreated groups of porcine heart valve bioprostheses (T6 sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant versus No-T6 treatment). Each group, whose calcification behavior was known from an animal study, contained N = 4 identical surgically implantable aortic bioprostheses. Calcification onsets, progression and extent were detected by high-speed video (HSV) documentation and microscopy. Structural identification of the deposits was carried out by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Semidestructive quantification of the calicifications was done by µ-CT as well as destructive chemical quantification of calcium masses per g tissue dry weight via colorimetry and compelxometry. The histomorphologic localization of the calcifications was examined by von Kossa staining.
Structural analysis of the investigated deposits indicated “biological apatite” for both test groups. Histological examination revealed sandwich-like localization of the calcifications in the spongiosa zone of the cusps. Quantification of the calcifications showed a distinctly stronger calcification tendency of the No-T6 compared to the anti-calcifying pretreated T6 bioprostheses.
We developed and validated a novel and unique test method for in vitro calcification assessment. The quantitative calcification tendencies of the two test groups are comparable with the results of an in vivo study in sheep of these two test groups, after a total of 20 weeks of testing. The structural findings are in line with published in vivo observations and the histomorphological localization appears as known for porcine prostheses.
The Identification of Guessing Patterns in Progress Testing as a Machine Learning Classification Problem
Authors: Atanet Iván Roselló , Sehy Victoria , Sieg Miriam , März Maren
Published: August 2024

Background
The detection of guessing patterns in low-stakes progress testing could naturally be understood as a statistical classification problem where test takers are assigned to groups according to probabilities given by a machine learning model. However, the relevant literature on this topic does not include many examples where this approach is discussed; to date, the strategies applied to tackle this problem have been mostly based either on rapid response counting or the detection of unusual answer patterns.
Methods
On the basis of 14,897 participations in the Progress Test Medizin test – which takes place twice a year since 1999 in selected medical schools of Germany, Austria and Switzerland - we formulate the identification of guessing patterns as a binary classification problem. Next, we compare the performance of a logistic regression algorithm in this setup to that of the nonparametric person-fit indices included in R´s PerFit package. Finally, we determine probability thresholds based on the values of the logistic regression functions obtained from the algorithm.
Results
Comparison of logistic regression algorithm with person-fit indices
The logistic regression algorithm included in Python´s Scikit-Learn reached ROC-AUC scores of 0.886 to 0.903 depending on the dataset, while the 11 person-fit indices analysed returned ROC-AUC scores of 0.548 to 0.761.
Best feature set
Datasets based on aggregate scores yielded better results than those were the sets of answers to every item were considered as individual features. The best results were reached with a feature set containing only two parameters (self-monitoring accuracy and number of answered questions); considering the amount of time spent on the test did not lead to any performance improvement.
Probability thresholds
Based on the values of the logistic regression function generated by the applied algorithm, it is possible to establish thresholds above which there is at least a 90% chance of having guessed most answers.
Conclusions
In our setting, logistic regression clearly outperformed nonparametric person-fit indices in the task of identifying guessing patterns. We attribute this result to the greater flexibility of machine learning methods, which makes them more adaptable to diverse test environments than person-fit indices.
Awareness of transcranial magnetic stimulation among psychiatrists in Oman towards transcranial magnetic stimulation: Single institution study
Authors: Al-Balushi Mohammed , AL-Huseini Salim , Chan Moon Fai , Alkaabi Said , Balushi Naser Al , Al-Adawi Samir
Published: August 2024

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive treatment method that is increasingly becoming prominent due to the limitations of existing pharmacopsychotherapy modalities. To date, a dearth of studies examines the awareness of rTMS among psychiatrists in the Arabian Gulf population. In this region, resistance to treatment is widespread due to the cultural attribution of ‘psychic pain’ to somatic attribution and the stigma associated with pharmaco-psychotherapy.
Aims: This study aimed to assess the understanding and attitudes of psychiatrists towards rTMS and determine the factors that contribute to the knowledge of rTMS in Oman.
Methods: A quantitative observational cross-sectional study will be conducted using an online survey. The survey will collect demographic information, and a validated measure was adopted to assess variation in knowledge and attitudes towards rTMS was adopted. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression will be performed to identify risk factors associated with knowledge levels.
Result: 50 psychiatrists participated in this study, resulting in a response rate of 83%. The average age of the participants was 32.7±4.3 years [26.0-41.0], with more than half being female (n=28, 56.0%) and residents (Junior/Senior) (n=25, 50.0%). Most of the sample were Omani (n=45, 90.0%) and worked in tertiary hospitals (n=38, 76.0%). The average scores for knowledge and attitudes towards rTMS in this sample were 14.5±3.8 and 22.5±6.3, respectively. The linear model showed that seniors and older had a higher level of knowledge than junior residents (ß=4.65, p<.001). Furthermore, participants who had access to an rTMS device at work had a higher level of knowledge than those who did not (ß=1.88, p=0.027).
Conclusion: Three factors significantly impact the knowledge of psychiatrists about rTMS: their higher educational level, the presence of an rTMS device at work, and the availability of standardized training in rTMS.
Kritik Ibn Hajar Terhadap ‘Ikrimah Perawi Khawarij Dalam Sahih Al-Bukhari
Authors: As'ad As'ad Kholilurrahman
Published: August 2024

Kelompok-kelompok yang memiliki sekte aneh dan unik selalu menjadi sasaran kajian penting dalam kajian keislaman, terutama dalam ilmu hadis. Ulama memberikan identitas kepada kelompok-kelompok ini sebagai ahl al-ahwa wa al-bida’ (orang yang mengikuti hawa nafsunya dan membuat sesuatu yang baru dalam perkara agama). Salah satu periwayat adalah ‘Ikrimah Maula ibn ‘Abbas, yang termasuk dalam kelompok Khawarij, dan hadisnya termaktub dalam kitab Sahih al-Bukhari, sebuah kitab yang sangat terkenal atas keautentikannya. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk mengkaji hal ini dengan tujuan untuk memahami apa dan bagaimana priwayat ahl bid’ah dapat diterima hadisnya. Selain itu, perlu juga untuk melihat tanggapan Ibn Hajar terhadap periwayat ‘Ikrimah ini. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan  atau (library research). Sumber datanya adalah karya-karya Ibn Hajar. Dengan melalui serangkaian masalah dan metode yang digunakan, menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa; ada tiga tuduhan yang dipaparkan oleh Ibn Hajar pertama, dituduh berbohong, kedua dituduh berpaham khawarij, ketiga dituduh suka memina-minta, kesemuanya merupakan tuduhan yang tidak ada bukti.
SOSYAL POLİTİKA AÇISINDAN 4688 SAYILI KAMU GÖREVLİLERİ VE TOPLU SÖZLEŞME KANUNU
Authors: Havan Cumhur
Published: August 2024

Sanayileşmenin sebep olduğu işçi sorunlarına tepki olarak ortaya çıkan sosyal politika, zaman içinde toplumun her kesimini kapsayacak şekilde fonksiyonlar geliştirmiştir. Bu süreçte sosyal politikada dar ve geniş anlamda iki temel yaklaşımda kabul görmüştür. Çalışmamızın konusu bakımından dar anlamda sosyal politika, memurların haklarını koruyan, çalışma barışını sağlayan, sosyal adaleti amaçlayan politika alanıdır. Bu araştırmada, ‘’4688 sayılı Kamu Görevlileri Sendikaları ve Toplu Sözleşme Kanunu’’ dar anlamda sosyal politika perspektifinden ele alınmıştır. Kanun madde ve gerekçeleri bu bağlamda incelenmiş, sosyal politika ile kanun hedefleri arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye'de, kamu görevlisi sendikalarına getirilen üyelikle ilgili kısıtlamalar, uluslararası sözleşmelerin gerekliliklerini tam olarak karşılamamaktadır. Anayasa Mahkemesi kararları ve uluslararası eleştirilere rağmen, bu yasakların kapsamı hala geniştir. Toplu pazarlık açısından ise toplu sözleşme hakkı ile grev hakkı birbirini tamamlamalıdır. Ancak, ülkemizde kamu görevlilerinin grev hakkının sınırlanması, toplu sözleşme sürecini etkisiz kılmakta ve demokratik bir hakkın kullanımını engelleyerek işçilerde var olan bu hakkın memurlarda olmaması dolayısıyla sosyal adaleti zedelemektedir.
Accessing the impact of farmers’ awareness level and risk management perception on agriculture insurance satisfaction: Mediating role of non-financial satisfaction
Authors: Chapagain Ramkrishna , Ghimire Rabindra , Boro Lija
Published: August 2024

Despite the government’s financial support and promotion by the regulator, the agriculture insurance market is still in the nascent stage in Nepal. The paper aims to examine how awareness level and risk management perception affect the farmers’ satisfaction, taking non-financial satisfaction as a mediating factor. The study was conducted in two metropolitan cities, Pokhara and Bharatpur, in Nepal. Cluster and purposive sampling design was applied to select the respondents. Opinions were obtained through the structured questionnaire from 400 farmers with experience in agriculture insurance. The survey instrument had two parts. The first part was related to demographic information, while the second part measured attitude to risk management, clients’ awareness of insurance, financial satisfaction, and non-financial satisfaction. Almost three forth of the respondents (74.75%) were males and more than half (52%) possessed more than 8 ropani of land. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to arrive at conclusions. The results revealed that respondents’ awareness toward agriculture insurance is the most agreed construct (mean = 4.35), followed by financial satisfaction (mean = 3.88), non-financial satisfaction (mean = 3.70), and risk management attitude (mean = 3.5). Although the results did not confirm the mediating effect of non-financial satisfaction on financial contentment and awareness level, a partial mediation effect exists between risk management attitude and financial satisfaction. Financial serenity and non-financial gratification have the strongest association. This study suggests executives and regulators expand risk management capacity and awareness initiatives to increase client satisfaction and loyalty to crop insurance.
AcknowledgmentThe University Grants Commission, Nepal, is acknowledged for the financial support to conduct the study under the FRG MGMT 4-2019/20. The support of MBA students Mr. Dhan Bahadur Jagari and Lalit Bahadur Shahi is highly appreciated for their fieldwork as enumerators.
Spatial differences of dissolved organic matter composition and humification in an artificial lake
Authors: Zhang Jin , Tan Jiajia , Wang Yingjie
Published: August 2024

The depth-dependent dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) structure and humification in an artificial lake limits the understanding of lake eutrophication and carbon cycling. Using fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) models to analyze the 3D fluorescence spectroscopy dataset, we revealed the depth-dependent structure and vertical distribution of DOM in the estuarine and center regions of Lake Hongfeng. The percentage fluorescence response (Pi,n) showed humic acid is an important part of DOM in Lake Hongfeng. Fluorescence results show that the fulvic-like and protein-like materials in HF1-DOM located at the estuarine position showed greater variation in the middle stage, probably due to human influence and sediment suspension. Fluorescence index (PI+II+IV,n/PIII+V,n and FIC4/FIC3) can be used to indicate the degree of humification of DOM in artificial lakes. Results of each index show that the estuary is more affected by human activities, and the humification degree is significantly lower than that of the center of the lake. The evaluation index system of the humification degree of artificial lake established in this study can effectively predict the eutrophication state of the typical area of artificial lake and deeply understand the possible important influence of human activities on the carbon cycle of lake.
Polymeric Micelles in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive
Review of Nano-drug Delivery Strategies, Copolymer Types,
Physicochemical Characteristics, and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Shaikh Rehanoddin , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: August 2024

Polymeric micelles are becoming the method of choice for a nano-drug delivery
system, especially in colorectal cancer treatment. These tiny structures have become
popular for their amazing qualities that make drug delivery more efficient and therapies
better. Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer, is one of the most common and
deadly cancers in the world. Traditional chemotherapy is good, but it has big downsides,
like harming other parts of the body and making people sick all over. Polymeric micelles
give a new way to fix these problems by being easier on the body, breaking down
naturally, and staying in the blood longer. The polymeric micelles, which are loaded
with drugs, are sheltered within the tumor, which leads to a reduction in off-site effects
and an increase in the targeting and accumulation of chemotherapeutics at the cancer
site. This review paper elaborates on the current status of polymeric micelles as a
method for nano-drug delivery for chemotherapy, emphasizing their efficacy in managing
cancer. The paper also talks about the various types of copolymers that are used to
create polymeric micelles, the different types of micelles, their physicochemical properties,
the preparation process, characterization, and their application in cancer diagnostics.
A Comparison of Antibiotics’ Resistance Patterns of E. coli and B. subtilis in their Biofilms and Planktonic Forms
Authors: Sharma Shagun , Jhalora Vandana , Mathur Shubhita , Bist Renu
Published: August 2024

Background:

A biofilm refers to a community of microbial cells that adhere to surfaces
that are surrounded by an extracellular polymeric substance. Bacteria employ various
defence mechanisms, including biofilm formation, to enhance their survival and resistance
against antibiotics.

Objective:

The current study aims to investigate the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli (E.
coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) in both biofilms and their planktonic forms

Methods:

E. coli and B. subtilis were used to compare resistance patterns in biofilms versus
planktonic forms of bacteria. An antibiotic disc diffusion test was performed to check the resistance
pattern of biofilm and planktonic bacteria against different antibiotics such as penicillin
G, streptomycin, and ampicillin. Biofilm formation and its validation were done by using quantitative
(microtiter plate assay) and qualitative analysis (Congo red agar media).

Results:

A study of surface-association curves of E. coli and B. subtilis revealed that surface
adhesion in biofilms was continuously constant as compared to their planktonic forms, thereby
confirming the increased survival of bacteria in biofilms. Also, biofilms have shown high resistance
towards the penicillin G, ampicillin and streptomycin as compared to their planktonic
form.

Conclusion:

It is safely inferred that E. coli and B. subtilis, in their biofilms, become increasingly
resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin and streptomycin
Integral Membrane Protein Degradation: A Novel Paradigm by PROTAC Technology
Authors: Ray Priyanka , Nayak Aditi , Setua Saini
Published: August 2024

:

Integral membrane proteins are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention due to their crucial roles in cellular functions and their involvement in
various diseases. However, targeting these proteins for degradation has posed significant challenges due to their complex structures and diverse
functions. The emergence of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) represents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in drug development, offering
a novel approach to address the degradation of integral membrane proteins. This review explores the innovative application of PROTAC
technology in inducing the degradation of integral membrane proteins. PROTACs are molecules that have two roles: they bring together specific
target proteins and E3 ubiquitin ligases, which help with ubiquitination and the degradation of proteins by proteasomes. As PROTACs are made up
of separate parts, they can be put together to make custom molecules that can target difficult targets, such as integral membrane proteins. This
review covers recent developments and advancements in the design and optimisation of PROTACs tailored for integral membrane protein
degradation. Furthermore, it also discusses the problems that come up when trying to target membrane proteins and how PROTACs solve these
problems by using ligands that can pass cell membranes and specifically interact with target proteins. It delves into the potential therapeutic
implications of degrading integral membrane proteins using PROTACs and elucidates the impact of this novel approach in treating diseases that
involve aberrant membrane protein expression or function by highlighting specific examples and case studies.
Tajdid Ushul Fiqh’s Husein Muhammad And Reformulation Of Women’s Jurisprudence
Authors: Rohmah Siti , Hamidah Tutik , Zuhriah Erfaniah , SJ Fadli
Published: August 2024

This study proposes ideas for reforming Husein Muhammad’s ushul fiqh to address and deconstruct the gender biases present in some aspects of Islamic law in Indonesia. Using a conceptual research approach through a literature study, this research finds that Husein Muhammad employed the method of reforming ushul fiqh when examining women’s fiqh issues. Husein Muhammad’s approach to tajdid in ushul fiqh includes Tawhid as the fundamental basis for understanding the Qur’an and hadith, interpreting the concept of asbâb al-nuzûl by examining the broader historical context of human traditions at the time of the Qur’an’s revelation, rather than a narrow focus, differentiating between muhkamat verses with universal values and mutasyabihat verses with particular dimensions, considering Makiyyah verses to have a universal dimension, in contrast to Madaniyyah verses which are seen as having specific dimensions, and typologizing verses into those with legal dimensions and those with informative dimensions, as well as distinguishing between legal hadiths and informative hadiths. The renewal of the epistemology of Islamic law proposed by Husein Muhammad aims to produce Islamic legal interpretations that are just and gender-equal, freeing women from the constraints of patriarchal culture and misogynistic fiqh texts.
Factual Actions as Objects of State Administrative Disputes in State Administrative Courts Following the Issuance of the Job Creation Law
Authors: Cahyandari Dewi , Ayub Zainal Amin , Pratama Luvieandra , Sudjati Xaviera Qatrunnada Djana
Published: August 2024

The State Administrative Court Law currently in force presents contradictions, given that administrative activities represent one of its objects, which are inherently dynamic. This raises a significant question about whether the State Administrative Court Law, enacted in 1986, can still uphold its substantive principles. This study focuses on the discussion of factual actions. The Job Creation Law subsequently removed the determination of fictitious positive cases from the jurisdiction of the State Administrative Court. This study aims to describe, analyze, and disclose the fundamental meaning of factual actions as the objects of administrative disputes in the State Administrative Court. The study employs a normative method with legislative and philosophical approaches. The interpretation of factual actions as objects of administrative disputes in the State Administrative Court, following the issuance of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022, requires that a request to a government official or body not addressed within the stipulated time frame is legally considered de facto granted. It is essential to consider the reality in the field, recognizing that the role of the State Administrative Court remains necessary to ensure legal certainty and protection for individuals or legal entities (Indonesian citizens) who submit requests for decisions to government officials or bodies.
The Fulfilment of Legal Identity: A Case Study of Residents Without Population Identification Numbers
Authors: Jati Fardi Prabowo
Published: August 2024

Legal identity is crucial for individuals as it establishes their rights and obligations as legal subjects. Despite its importance, many residents in Yogyakarta lack a legal identity. This research aims to analyse the regulations governing the provision of legal identity for residents without a population identification number (NIK) and to identify the causes behind this issue in Yogyakarta. This study employs non-doctrinal legal research, combining normative and empirical methods. The findings reveal that obtaining a NIK is essential for fulfilling human rights and constitutional rights. This process involves population registration, which begins with recording the individual’s biodata. Changes in the population administration information system have led to the exclusion of residents who have not completed biometric recording from the population database, resulting in a lack of legal identity. In Yogyakarta, two main factors contribute to the absence of NIKs: First, impoverished individuals with domicile issues caused by the costs and time required for domicile relocation, potential trafficking, homelessness, and loss of family card data. Second, individuals with disabilities who are unable to complete the registration process.
The KPK'S Investigation Termination Warrant (SP3) Authority: Endeavours To Prevent Abuse of Power
Authors: Aris Mohammad Syaiful , Nahdyan Auly , Abrianto Bagus Oktafian
Published: August 2024

The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) is a state entity created under Law No. 30 of 2002 in Indonesia to support the prosecutor’s office and the police in combating corruption. Law No. 30 of 2002 has been subject to multiple judicial reviews by the Constitutional Court (MK). In 2019, a proposal was submitted to amend Law No. 30 of 2002. The modification of the Law has both advantages and disadvantages, with some viewing it as weakening the KPK by categorising it inside the executive branch, thereby impacting the agency’s independence. One of the main focuses of this Article is the authorisation of the KPK to issue a Warrant to Terminate Investigation (SP3). SP3 results from the legal principle of defending human rights and serves as a tool for checks and balances, but it can also be prone to misuse. The research focuses on two main issues: changes in the KPK’s authority and the KPK Institution’s deconstruction. Secondly, the consequences of the KPK issuing SP3 and the risk of authority misuse in combating corruption. This study involves legal research utilising both statutory and conceptual approaches. This paper intends to evaluate the various ways in which power abuse might occur within a corruption eradication system, specifically focusing on delegating authority to the KPK in issuing SP3 from a constitutional standpoint. The conclusions of this study provide a way to prevent the abuse of SP3 through reporting procedures and case titles at the KPK Supervisory Board (Dewas). In addition, the method should include authorising the KPK to revoke SP3.
Principios teóricos y conceptuales para realizar Acceso Universal al Conocimiento en México
Authors: Esquivel-Hernández Marco Antonio , Escudero-Nahón Alexandro
Published: August 2024

Introducción: El Acceso Universal al Conocimiento (AUC) es un término de reciente impulso por parte del Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT) de México, pero no hay una guía clara para realizarlo. Por lo anterior, es necesario un modelo de AUC con las mejores prácticas para la expansión de la ciencia entre la sociedad. Objetivo:exponer de manera clara y concreta, un conjunto de principios teóricos, conceptuales y procedimentales que sean útiles para realizar AUC en el contexto mexicano. Para ello, es preciso describir que la comunicación científica se divide en dos categorías principales: ladifusión, que expone hallazgos del campo científico entre especialistas, y la divulgación, que comparte la ciencia con el público general. El AUC por su parte, es una estrategia emergente de divulgación científica que se rige bajo principios de acceso abierto y comunicación horizontal para promover entre todas las personas, el interés por la ciencia. Reflexión: De tal forma que,esta propuesta está encabezada por los conceptos mencionados y se añaden fundamentos del diseño gráfico y audiovisual, para enfrentar de una mejor manera el reto de realizar AUC. Este enfoque abierto y horizontal para comunicar la ciencia al público no especializado, será útil para definir qué es y cómo realizar Acceso Universal al Conocimiento; así como también, consolidar a la comunidad científica como pieza clave de la sociedad e impulsar el interés enniñas, niños y jóvenes por la investigación científica.
Bottom seismic observations at sea. Problems and solutions
Authors: Ilyinsky D. A. , Ganzha O. Yu. , Korneev A. A.
Published: August 2024

The seismic seabed observations, the current state of the issue and the ways of development of bottom seismic using robotic tools are considered in the paper. An overview of the current types of bottom seismic surveys and their division into two main types — deep-water and shallow-water works and works in land-sea transition zones (transit zones) is given. The main current technologies used in both sectors of the bottom works market are discussed. The bottlenecks and problems of each of the types of technologies used are considered. The technology of self-popup seismic nodes for use in deep and shallow water is presented in detail. The advantage of using this technology for the bottom part of hybrid marine seismic surveys in deep water is shown. Several variants of the prospects for the development of self-popup technology in deep water are presented. Among them, a new direction of seabed seismic exploration in deep water has been analyzed in detail. It consists in the design and use of a large number of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV), each of which is complemented by the ability to receive and record seismic bottom data. A new technology of robotic surveys based on the use of self-popup nodes without leaving anchor on the seabed and an unmanned autonomous surface vessel-platform has been proposed for the shallowwater sector. The model of the self-popup node without leaving the anchor on the seabed has been tested. An effective way of automatically node deployment to the seabed has been found and tested. Marine tests of the emersion of the proposed model of a self-popup seismic node without anchor using compressed air technology have been carried out. The problems of the proposed model are identified. After that a stable modified version of its emersion under all weather conditions has been found.
Mathematical model of the vessel motion during a planned grounding
Authors: Maryasov G. V. , Sharlay G. N.
Published: August 2024

The problem of transport services to points with an unequipped coast, a significant part of which is located on the coast of the Arctic seas and the Far East, continues to remain relevant for decades. Unlike the usual practice of cargo operations at berths and roadsteads, in conditions of an unequipped shore, unloading and loading often have to be carried out when the ship touches the ground, and damage to the hull occurs. Sometimes in an emergency, to save the crew and the ship, it is necessary to force the ship to ground. As a result, a system for preliminary assessment of contact conditions during partial running aground is necessary. To achieve this, a mathematical model for the rigid hull of a ship running aground, where the ground penetration is small compared to the elevation of the bow, is presented in the paper. The ship is considered as an elastic beam. It is shown that the first contact between the bow and the ground leads to a high peak load. The vessel then slides partially up the slope, wherein inertial forces in the approximation are considered small compared to ground reaction forces and hydrostatic forces. In addition to force effects, the dynamic characteristics of the sagging body design are taken into account. The resulting solution to the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the vessel movement when running aground includes longitudinal, vertical and inclined components. The proposed solution will make it possible to calculate the contact forces arising at the moment of contact of the hull with the ground, taking into account the shock load and the design features of the vessel.
Bioeconomía Circular: megatendencia para las actividades de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en el sector agropecuario
Authors: Flórez Martínez Diego Hernando , Morales Castañeda Alexis
Published: August 2024

El origen del término bioeconomía aparece por primera vez en 1975 introducido por Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen en su propuesta sobre el “origen biológico de los procesos económicos”, dónde se establece un programa bioeconómico frente a la disminución de los recursos no renovables. Entre los puntos clave de este programa, se destacan la necesidad del uso de energías alternativas como la solar, consumo sostenible, planificación de la producción, productos de valor agregado, calidad de vida y disminución de la producción de insumos para la guerra. Actualmente, acorde con la Comisión Europea (2012) la bioeconomía abarca la producción de recursos biológicos renovables y la conversión de estos recursos y los residuos generados en productos de valor agregado cómo alimentos, alimentación para animales, bioenergía y productos de base biológica. Complementariamente la FAO la define cómo la producción de bienes y servicios a partir de recursos, procesos y métodos biológicos (FAO, 2016). Su conceptualización y potencial adopción, pretende desarrollar ocho factores clave.
Mediating Effects of Information Access on Internet Use and Multidimensional Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fu Liping , Liu Caiping , Dong Yongqing , Ma Xiaodong , Cai Quanling , Li Dongli , Di Kaisheng
Published: August 2024

Background

With the exacerbation of population aging, the health issues of middle-aged and older adults have increasingly become a focus of attention. The widespread use of the internet has created conditions for promoting the health of this demographic. However, little is known about the effects of information access in promoting the relationship between internet use and the health of middle-aged and older adults.

Objective

This study aims to examine the relationship between internet use and multidimensional health in middle-aged and older adults, as well as the mediating effect of information access. Moreover, this study will explore the relationship between other dimensions of internet use (purposes and frequency) and health.

Methods

Data were sourced from the China General Social Survey conducted in 2018. Health outcomes, including self-rated, physical, and mental health, were assessed using the 5-level self-rated health scale, the 5-level basic activities of daily living scale, and the 5-level depression scale, respectively. The ordinal logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between internet use and health among middle-aged and older adults. Additionally, the Karlson-Holm-Breen decomposition method was used to examine the mediation effect of information access. To address endogeneity issues, the two-stage least squares approach was applied.

Results

In our sample, nearly half (n=3036, 46.3%) of the respondents use the internet. Regression analyses revealed that internet use was positively associated with self-rated health (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI 1.39-1.74; P<.001), physical health (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.25-1.56; P<.001), and mental health (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19-1.49; P<.001) of middle-aged and older adults. Various dimensions of internet use positively contribute to health. In addition, information access significantly mediated the relationship between internet use and self-rated health (β=.28, 95% CI 0.23-0.32), physical health (β=.40, 95% CI 0.35-0.45), and mental health (β=.16, 95% CI 0.11-0.20). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the relationship between internet use and health among advantaged and disadvantaged groups.

Conclusions

The study showed that different dimensions of internet use are associated with better self-rated health, better physical health, and better mental health in middle-aged and older adults. Information access mediates the relationship between internet use and health. This result emphasizes the significance of promoting internet access as a means to enhance the health of middle-aged and older adults in China.
Building Mutually Beneficial Collaborations Between Digital Navigators, Mental Health Professionals, and Clients: Naturalistic Observational Case Study
Authors: Gorban Carla , McKenna Sarah , Chong Min K , Capon William , Battisti Robert , Crowley Alison , Whitwell Bradley , Ottavio Antonia , Scott Elizabeth M , Hickie Ian B , Iorfino Frank
Published: August 2024

Despite the efficacy of digital mental health technologies (DMHTs) in clinical trials, low uptake and poor engagement are common in real-world settings. Accordingly, digital technology experts or “digital navigators” are increasingly being used to enhance engagement and shared decision-making between health professionals and clients. However, this area is relatively underexplored and there is a lack of data from naturalistic settings. In this paper, we report observational findings from the implementation of a digital navigator in a multidisciplinary mental health clinic in Sydney, Australia. The digital navigator supported clients and health professionals to use a measurement-based DMHT (the Innowell platform) for improved multidimensional outcome assessment and to guide personalized decision-making. Observational data are reported from implementation logs, platform usage statistics, and response rates to digital navigator emails and phone calls. Ultimately, support from the digital navigator led to improved data collection and clearer communications about goals for using the DMHT to track client outcomes; however, this required strong partnerships between health professionals, the digital navigator, and clients. The digital navigator helped to facilitate the integration of DMHT into care, rather than providing a stand-alone service. Thus, collaborations between health professionals and digital navigators are mutually beneficial and empower clients to be more engaged in their own care.
Preliminary Validity and Acceptability of Motion Tape for Measuring Low Back Movement: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Audrey , Wyckoff Elijah , Farcas Emilia , Godino Job , Patrick Kevin , Spiegel Spencer , Yu Rose , Kumar Arun , Loh Kenneth J , Gombatto Sara
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Low back pain (LBP) is a significant public health problem that can result in physical disability and financial burden for the individual and society. Physical therapy is effective for managing LBP and includes evaluation of posture and movement, interventions directed at modifying posture and movement, and prescription of exercises. However, physical therapists have limited tools for objective evaluation of low back posture and movement and monitoring of exercises, and this evaluation is limited to the time frame of a clinical encounter. There is a need for a valid tool that can be used to evaluate low back posture and movement and monitor exercises outside the clinic. To address this need, a fabric-based, wearable sensor, Motion Tape (MT), was developed and adapted for a low back use case. MT is a low-profile, disposable, self-adhesive, skin-strain sensor developed by spray coating piezoresistive graphene nanocomposites directly onto commercial kinesiology tape.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to (1) validate MT for measuring low back posture and movement and (2) assess the acceptability of MT for users.

METHODS

A total of 10 participants without LBP were tested. A 3D optical motion capture system was used as a reference standard to measure low back kinematics. Retroreflective markers and a matrix of MTs were placed on the low back to measure kinematics (motion capture) and strain (MT) simultaneously during low back movements in the sagittal, frontal, and axial planes. Cross-correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the concurrent validity of MT strain in reference motion capture kinematics during each movement. The acceptability of MT was assessed using semistructured interviews conducted with each participant after laboratory testing. Interview data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis to identify themes and subthemes of user acceptability.

RESULTS

Visual inspection of concurrent MT strain and kinematics of the low back indicated that MT can distinguish between different movement directions. Cross-correlation coefficients between MT strain and motion capture kinematics ranged from –0.915 to 0.983, and the strength of the correlations varied across MT placements and low back movement directions. Regarding user acceptability, participants expressed enthusiasm toward MT and believed that it would be helpful for remote interventions for LBP but provided suggestions for improvement.

CONCLUSIONS

MT was able to distinguish between different low back movements, and most MTs demonstrated moderate to high correlation with motion capture kinematics. This preliminary laboratory validation of MT provides a basis for future device improvements, which will also involve testing in a free-living environment. Overall, users found MT acceptable for use in physical therapy for managing LBP.
The indicator of osteogenesis is a potential marker of the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Кovalchuk A.V. , Zinych O.V. , Kushnarоva N.M. , Kovalchuk V.M. , Prybyla O.V. , Shyshkan-Shyshova K.O.
Published: August 2024

Background. An increase in mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus necessitates the search for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Osteocalcin, a proven marker of bone metabolism playing a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, is considered one of the potential therapeutic targets. The purpose of the study was to reveal possible relationships between the osteocalcin level and severe cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Materials and methods. Sixty-three patients with T2DM were examined, 40 (63.49 %) men and 23 (36.51 %) women, average age 58.11 ± 1.25 years. Blood osteocalcin, glycated hemoglobin were evaluated, and body mass index was calculated. Two groups were formed: group 1 (n = 30) with a history of cardiovascular diseases, group 2 (n = 33) without the specified conditions in the past. Later, depending on the amount of osteocalcin, the patients of group 2 were further divided into subgroups 2.1 and 2.2, in order to determine the probability of a difference between them in the parameters of the echocardiographic study, which was performed for all patients of group 2. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program (IBM Corp., USA). The difference was considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. Group 1 patients with a history of cardiovascular diseases (acute myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident, stenting of coronary or peripheral arteries on the background of T2DM) had lower values of serum osteocalcin compared to the group 2 without specified complications (1.0 [1.0–2.2] vs. 2.4 [1.0–3.5], p = 0.016). Echocardiography revealed that among patients without clinical signs of cardiovascular diseases, low serum osteocalcin values were associated with the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction in the form of delayed relaxation, left ventricular hypertrophy and atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic walls, which were not observed among participants with type 2 diabetes with higher values of the marker (1.0 ng/ml [1.0–2.3] vs. 3.6 ng/ml [3.2–4.4], p < 0.001). Conclusions. The relationship between the osteocalcin level and cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2DM indicates a high potential for the use of serum osteocalcin, namely its low values, as a marker of severe cardiovascular conditions in the future.
Errors in the diagnosis of types of diabetes mellitus: causes and prevention strategies (literature review and own research results)
Authors: Gerush K.I. , Pashkovska N.V. , Ukrainets O.Z.
Published: August 2024

The article provides current information regarding medical errors in diagnosing diabetes mellitus (DM), analyzes their factors, and outlines preventive measures. The causes of the most common diagnostic errors in diabetology include limited access to quality healthcare, insufficient training and number of qualified personnel, low quality of teamwork and medical information exchange, inadequate availability of diagnostic tests, poor coordination of care and follow-up, lack of medical informatics resources, human factors, and cognitive biases (such as misidentification of DM and its type, incorrect context creation, overestimation/underestimation of incidental findings, premature termination of the diagnostic process, and lack of knowledge and skills in diabetology). The most typical diagnostic discrepancies involve misidentifying type 1 DM (including latent autoimmune diabetes in adults), type 2 DM, and other specific types of DM. This is due to the increasing heterogeneity of DM, blurring of the boundaries between its types, atypical disease course, the decreased diagnostic value of the essential criteria for DM types (age, presence of metabolic syndrome signs, ketosis, dependency on insulin therapy), presence of comorbid conditions, and limited availability of diagnostic tests to specify the type of diabetes. To optimize diagnosis and prevent diagnostic errors, we have developed a Telegram bot DiaType based on a multilevel algorithm for the differential diagnosis of various types of DM. The testing of this Telegram bot has shown its high effectiveness in identifying DM variants. The advantages of DiaType include accessibility, interactivity, accuracy, and support for medical professionals, which helps improve diagnostic efficiency, simplify the diagnostic process, especially for primary care physicians, prevent diagnostic errors, and, consequently, improve treatment outcomes.
Toxicity Test of Zinc on Contaminated Soil by Petroleum Products (Fuel Oil) around Pertamina Rewulu-Cilacap Pipeline Bantul, Yogyakarta by Using Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) and Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Authors: Latumahina Linda Johana , Tanzil Yosua , Suyanta Suyanta , Suherman Suherman
Published: August 2024

Toxicity test of zinc on contaminated soil by petroleum products around the Pertamina Rewulu-Cilacap pipeline, Bantul, Yogyakarta by using mung bean (Vigna radiata) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) have been studied. This study aims to investigate the physico-chemical properties, adsorption, and desorption of soil samples, and the effect of Zn toxicity on the growth of mung bean and water spinach. The physico-chemical properties were evaluated including moisture content, ash content, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and heavy metal content. In addition, total petroleum hydrocarbon was analyzed by using GC-MS, and samples were characterized by using FTIR and XRD. The adsorption and desorption capacities of Zn were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) measurement. Toxicity test was conducted on the growth of mung bean and water spinach. This study showed that soil sample point III had the highest Zn content at 632.26 mg kg−1. Adsorption isotherms of zinc metal followed the Langmuir isotherm model and maximum adsorption occurred at 100 mg kg−1. Optimum desorption takes place at the concentration of citrate acid 0.7 mol L−1 and at pH 3. Toxicity test results revealed that zinc metal at high concentrations was found to be toxic to seedling growth.