bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SECTION-BASED TREE SPECIES IDENTIFICATION USING AIRBORNE LIDAR POINT
CLOUD
Authors: Yao C. , Zhang X. , Liu H.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The application of LiDAR data in forestry initially focused on mapping forest community, particularly and primarily intended for largescale forest management and planning. Then with the smaller footprint and higher sampling density LiDAR data available, detecting individual tree overstory, estimating crowns parameters and identifying tree species are demonstrated practicable. This paper proposes a section-based protocol of tree species identification taking palm tree as an example. Section-based method is to detect objects through certain profile among different direction, basically along X-axis or Y-axis. And this method improve the utilization of spatial information to generate accurate results. Firstly, separate the tree points from manmade-object points by decision-tree-based rules, and create Crown Height Mode (CHM) by subtracting the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from the digital surface model (DSM). Then calculate and extract key points to locate individual trees, thus estimate specific tree parameters related to species information, such as crown height, crown radius, and cross point etc. Finally, with parameters we are able to identify certain tree species. Comparing to species information measured on ground, the portion correctly identified trees on all plots could reach up to 90.65 %. The identification result in this research demonstrate the ability to distinguish palm tree using LiDAR point cloud. Furthermore, with more prior knowledge, section-based method enable the process to classify trees into different classes.
INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENTIAL FACTORS FOR BICYCLE CRASHES USING A SPATIOTEMPORAL MODEL
Authors: Gill G. , Sakrani T. , Cheng W. , Zhou J.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Despite the numerous potential advantages of indulging in bicycling, such as elevation of health and environment along with mitigation of congestion, the cyclists are a vulnerable group of commuters which is exposed to safety risks. This study aims to investigate the explanatory variables at transportation planning level which have a significant impact on the bicycle crashes. To account for the serial changes around the built environment, the linear time trend as well as time-varying coefficients are utilized for the covariates. These model modifications help account for the variations in the environment which may escape the incorporated variables due to lack of robustness in data. Also, to incorporate the interaction of roadway, demographic, and socioeconomic features within a Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ), with the bicycle crashes of that area, a spatial correlation is integrated. This spatial correlation accounts for the spatially structured random effects which capture the unobserved heterogeneity and add towards building more comprehensive model with relatively precise estimates. Two different age groups, the student population in the TAZs, the presence of arterial roads and bike lanes, were observed to be statistically significant variables related with bicycle crashes. These observations will guide the transportation planning organizations which focus on the entity of TAZ while developing policies. The results of the current study establish a quantifies relationship between the significant factors and the crash count which will enable the planners to choose the most cost-efficient, yet most productive, factors which needs to be addressed for mitigation of crashes.
URBAN EXPANSION: A GEO-SPATIAL APPROACH FOR TEMPORAL MONITORING OF LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
Authors: Sumari N. S. , Shao Z. , Huang M. , Sanga C. A. , Van Genderen J. L.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper presents some preliminary results from research on monitoring the urban growth of Shenzhen in China. Agriculture is still the pillar of national economies in many countries including China. Thus, agriculture contributes to population growth. Population growth follows either exponential or logistic growth models. These models can be examined using a time-series of geospatial data, mainly historical earth observation imagery from satellites such as LANDSAT. Such multitemporal data may provide insights into settlement analysis as well as on population dynamics and hence, quantify the loss of agricultural land. In this study, LANDSAT data of ten dates, at approximately five yearly intervals from 1977 to 2017 were used. The remote sensing techniques used for analysis of data for 40 years were image selection, then followed by geometric and radiometric corrections and mosaicking. Also, classification, remote sensing image fusion, and change detection methods were used. This research extracted the information on the amount, direction, and speed of urbanization, and hence, the number of hectares of agricultural land lost due to urban expansion. Several specific elements were used in the descriptive model of landscape changes and population dynamics of the city of Shenzhen in China. These elements are: i) quantify the urban changes, from a small town (37.000 people in the early 1970’s) to the megalopolis of around 20 million habitants today. ii) Examining the rate of urban extension on the loss of agricultural landscape and population growth. iii) The loss of food production was analysed against the economic growth in the region. iv) The aspects of loss of agricultural land, area of built-up urban land, and increase in population are studied quantitatively, by the temporal analysis of earth observation geospatial data. The experimental results from this study show that the proposed method is effective in determining loss of agricultural land in any city due to urbanization. It can be used by town planner and other stakeholders such as land surveyors and agriculture experts to mitigate the mushrooming of unplanned settlements in many town / villages and loss of land for agriculture which might cause problems in food security.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RUNOFF AND ITS COMPONENTS IN TWO CATCHMENTS OF UPPER INDUS BASIN BY USING A SEMI DISTRIBUTED GLACIO-HYDROLOGICAL MODEL
Authors: Ali S. H. , Bano I. , Kayastha R. B. , Shrestha A.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The hydrology of Upper Indus basin is not recognized well due to the intricacies in the climate and geography, and the scarcity of data above 5000 m a.s.l where most of the precipitation falls in the form of snow. The main objective of this study is to measure the contributions of different components of runoff in Upper Indus basin. To achieve this goal, the Modified positive degree day model (MPDDM) was used to simulate the runoff and investigate its components in two catchments of Upper Indus basin, Hunza and Gilgit River basins. These two catchments were selected because of their different glacier coverage, contrasting area distribution at high altitudes and significant impact on the Upper Indus River flow. The components of runoff like snow-ice melt and rainfall-base flow were identified by the model. The simulation results show that the MPDDM shows a good agreement between observed and modeled runoff of these two catchments and the effects of snow and ice are mainly reliant on the catchment characteristics and the glaciated area. For Gilgit River basin, the largest contributor to runoff is rain-base flow, whereas large contribution of snow-ice melt observed in Hunza River basin due to its large fraction of glaciated area. This research will not only contribute to the better understanding of the impacts of climate change on the hydrological response in the Upper Indus, but will also provide guidance for the development of hydropower potential and water resources assessment in these catchments.
COMPLEX ROAD INTERSECTION MODELLING BASED ON LOW-FREQUENCY GPS
TRACK DATA
Authors: Huang J. , Deng M. , Zhang Y. , Liu H.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. It is widely accepted that digital map becomes an indispensable guide for human daily traveling. Traditional road network maps are produced in the time-consuming and labour-intensive ways, such as digitizing printed maps and extraction from remote sensing images. At present, a large number of GPS trajectory data collected by floating vehicles makes it a reality to extract high-detailed and up-to-date road network information. Road intersections are often accident-prone areas and very critical to route planning and the connectivity of road networks is mainly determined by the topological geometry of road intersections. A few studies paid attention on detecting complex road intersections and mining the attached traffic information (e.g., connectivity, topology and turning restriction) from massive GPS traces. To the authors’ knowledge, recent studies mainly used high frequency (1 s sampling rate) trajectory data to detect the crossroads regions or extract rough intersection models. It is still difficult to make use of low frequency (20–100 s) and easily available trajectory data to modelling complex road intersections geometrically and semantically. The paper thus attempts to construct precise models for complex road intersection by using low frequency GPS traces. We propose to firstly extract the complex road intersections by a LCSS-based (Longest Common Subsequence) trajectory clustering method, then delineate the geometry shapes of complex road intersections by a K-segment principle curve algorithm, and finally infer the traffic constraint rules inside the complex intersections.
COLLISION VISUALIZATION OF A LASER-SCANNED POINT CLOUD OF
STREETS AND A FESTIVAL FLOAT MODEL USED FOR THE REVIVAL OF
A TRADITIONAL PROCESSION ROUTE
Authors: Li W. , Shigeta K. , Hasegawa K. , Li L. , Yano K. , Tanaka S.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Recently, laser-scanning technology, especially mobile mapping systems (MMSs), has been applied to measure 3D urban scenes. Thus, it has become possible to simulate a traditional cultural event in a virtual space constructed using measured point clouds. In this paper, we take the festival float procession in the Gion Festival that has a long history in Kyoto City, Japan. The city government plans to revive the original procession route that is narrow and not used at present. For the revival, it is important to know whether a festival float collides with houses, billboards, electric wires or other objects along the original route. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for visualizing the collisions of point cloud objects. The advantageous features of our method are (1) a see-through visualization with a correct depth feel that is helpful to robustly determine the collision areas, (2) the ability to visualize areas of high collision risk as well as real collision areas, and (3) the ability to highlight target visualized areas by increasing the point densities there.
MODELLING TECHNOLOGY FOR BUILDING FIRE SCENE WITH VIRTUAL GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Song Y. , Zhao L. , Wei M. , Zhang H. , Liu W.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Building fire is a risky activity that can lead to disaster and massive destruction. The management and disposal of building fire has always attracted much interest from researchers. Integrated Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE) is a good choice for building fire safety management and emergency decisions, in which a more real and rich fire process can be computed and obtained dynamically, and the results of fire simulations and analyses can be much more accurate as well. To modelling building fire scene with VGE, the application requirements and modelling objective of building fire scene were analysed in this paper. Then, the four core elements of modelling building fire scene (the building space environment, the fire event, the indoor Fire Extinguishing System (FES) and the indoor crowd) were implemented, and the relationship between the elements was discussed also. Finally, with the theory and framework of VGE, the technology of building fire scene system with VGE was designed within the data environment, the model environment, the expression environment, and the collaborative environment as well. The functions and key techniques in each environment are also analysed, which may provide a reference for further development and other research on VGE.
RESEARCH OF REGISTRATION APPROACHES OF THERMAL INFRARED IMAGES AND INTENSITY IMAGES OF POINT CLOUD
Authors: Liu L. , Wei Z. , Liu X. , Yang Z.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In order to realize the analysis of thermal energy of the objects in 3D vision, the registration approach of thermal infrared images and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner) point cloud was studied. The original data was pre-processed. For the sake of making the scale and brightness contrast of the two kinds of data meet the needs of basic matching, the intensity image of point cloud was produced and projected to spherical coordinate system, histogram equalization processing was done for thermal infrared image.This paper focused on the research of registration approaches of thermal infrared images and intensity images of point cloud based on SIFT，EOH-SIFT and PIIFD operators. The latter of which is usually used for medical image matching with different spectral character. The comparison results of the experiments showed that PIIFD operator got much more accurate feature point correspondences compared to SIFT and EOH-SIFT operators. The thermal infrared image and intensity image also have ideal overlap results by quadratic polynomial transformation. Therefore, PIIFD can be used as the basic operator for the registration of thermal infrared images and intensity images, and the operator can also be further improved by incorporating the iteration method.
REGION-BASED BUILDING ROOFTOP EXTRACTION AND CHANGE DETECTION
Authors: Tian J. , Metzlaff L. , d’Angelo P. , Reinartz P.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Automatic extraction of building changes is important for many applications like disaster monitoring and city planning. Although a lot of research work is available based on 2D as well as 3D data, an improvement in accuracy and efficiency is still needed. The introducing of digital surface models (DSMs) to building change detection has strongly improved the resulting accuracy. In this paper, a post-classification approach is proposed for building change detection using satellite stereo imagery. Firstly, DSMs are generated from satellite stereo imagery and further refined by using a segmentation result obtained from the Sobel gradients of the panchromatic image. Besides the refined DSMs, the panchromatic image and the pansharpened multispectral image are used as input features for mean-shift segmentation. The DSM is used to calculate the nDSM, out of which the initial building candidate regions are extracted. The candidate mask is further refined by morphological filtering and by excluding shadow regions. Following this, all segments that overlap with a building candidate region are determined. A building oriented segments merging procedure is introduced to generate a final building rooftop mask. As the last step, object based change detection is performed by directly comparing the building rooftops extracted from the pre- and after-event imagery and by fusing the change indicators with the roof-top region map. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of the proposed approach is provided by using WorldView-2 satellite data from Istanbul, Turkey.
Recurrence intervals for the closure of the Dutch Maeslant surge barrier
Authors: van den Brink Henk W. , de Goederen Sacha
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Dutch Maeslant Barrier, a movable surge barrier in the mouth of the river Rhine, closes when there is a surge in the North Sea and the water level in the river at Rotterdam exceeds 3 m above mean sea level. An important aspect of the failure probability is that the barrier might get damaged during a closure and that, within the time needed for repair, a second critical storm surge may occur. With an estimated closure frequency of once in 10 years, the question of how often the barrier has to be closed twice within one month arises.Instead of tackling this problem by the application of statistical models on the (short) observational series, we solve the problem by combining the surge model WAQUA/DCSMv5 with the output of all seasonal forecasts of the European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) in the period 1981–2015, whose combination cumulates in a pseudo-observational series of more than 6000 years.We show that the Poisson process model leads to wrong results as it neglects the temporal correlations that are present on daily, weekly and monthly timescales.By counting the number of double events over a threshold of 2.5 m and assuming that the number of events is exponentially related to the threshold, it is found that two closures occur on average once in 150 years within a month, and once in 330 years within a week. The large uncertainty in these recurrence intervals of more than a factor of two is caused by the sensitivity of the results to the Gumbel parameters of the observed record, which are used for bias correction.Sea level rise has a significant impact on the recurrence time for both single and double closures. The recurrence time of single closures doubles with every 18 cm mean sea level rise (assuming that other influences remain unchanged) and double closures double with every 10 cm rise. This implies a 3–14 times higher probability of a double closure for a 15–40 cm sea level rise in 2050 (according to the KNMI climate scenarios).
Accounting Reforms and Foreign Portfolio Investment in China: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Draz Muhammad Umar , Ahmad Fayyaz
Published: September 2017

The relationship between foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and various macroeconomic variables of China has been discussed in the existing literature. However, the link between China’s accounting reforms and FPI is yet to be explored. This study intends to discover the impact of changes in China’s accounting system and convergence of its domestic accounting standards (henceforth referred to as accounting reforms) on FPI. We have used Binary Choice Model in Eviews for two decades’ data. In our analyses, FPI has been taken as dependent variable, whereas accounting reforms, annual increase in listed companies, GDP growth of China and financial crises are taken as explanatory variables. The results of our model reveal a significant relationship between accounting reforms and FPI; moreover, Granger causality test shows a significant causal relationship between yearly increase in listed companies and FPI. Our findings are theoretically rational and can be useful for both investors and the policymakers.
The Effects of Innovation in Product on Hedonic Perceived Value and Consumer Purchase Behavior
Authors: Batyar Ehsan , Esmailpour Hasan
Published: September 2017

Nowadays to succeed in markets, understanding the consuming values of customers and their effects on consumer purchase behavior is a crucial matter. Due to the fact that consuming value is changing in nowadays markets and several segments of customer in terms of different consuming values, marketers should be sensitive toward different consuming needs and selecting product behavior in different segments. The present study investigate the effects of new collection product on hedonic value and consumer purchase behavior. A survey was administrated at Tehran, where 288 valid questionnaire collected. The findings of the study reveal that increasing in innovation of product have a positive effect on hedonic value. It also indicate that increasing in innovation of products cause increase the satisfaction of consumer and possible of repurchase.
Why do Korean Holding Companies Trade at a Steeper Discount to Net Asset Value?
Authors: Jang Won Seuk
Published: September 2017

This case deals primarily with the valuation of holding companies in Korea and the significant gap between its market price and net asset value (NAV), which is the sum of the estimated values of the assets in the portfolio of the holding company minus debt. Typically in the developed markets, holding company discount (as measured by price to NAV minus one) ranges between 15 to 30 percent according the various empirical studies.In Korea, however, holding company discount could stretch up to 30 to 60 percent, and often times, 30 to 40 percent has been used as a rule of thumb among the investment community. A steep discount of current market price to NAV might be interpreted as a convincing rationale for investment opportunity, but this could be a dangerous simplification of idea unless underlying reasons are properly understood.Therefore, the purpose of this case is to understand the valuation of holding companies, especially in the context of capital markets in Korea as compared to other developed markets, and develop a proper sense of investment opportunities therein.
Decision Making Using Multicriteria Analysis: A Case Study of Decision Modeling Career in Education
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos Ioannis , Karamanis Kostas
Published: September 2017

The aim of this paper is to offer an applicable evaluation framework relating to the right choice of one’s profession via his/her studies. The first part of the paper consists of the basic principles of Multicriteria Decision Making. To begin with, the paper initially focuses on the Macbeth Method. This helps to provide a perspective for procedural types of decisions in which various qualitative and quantitative aspects are incorporated. In the second part of the paper, the above-mentioned multicriteria method is applied to a “real-world” case concerning a specific case of a student, Eva. For this specific study, it is concluded that the factors of greatest importance that lead to choosing the University Eva finally chose, were four: the cost of undergraduate studies, the reputation-status of the University, its logistics and infrastructure and its interconnections with other Universities and other Academic Institutions.
Soil Contaminated with Glyphosate: Can Vermicompost Be Considered a Bioremediation Agent?
Authors: Rezende Maria Olímpia Oliveira , Benetti Fernanda , Pigatin Lívia B.F.
Published: September 2017

The efficiency of the addition of vermicompost in relation to the decontamination of red latosol was evaluated against acute toxicity, biomass gain and reproduction of Eisenia foetida (earthworms) incubated in the contaminated soil. The soil was spiked to different concentrations of glyphosate from 96 mg kg-1 (recommended by the manufacturer) to 10000 mg kg-1 to simulate contamination by shedding of the herbicide. To evaluate the effect of vermicompost in the soil contaminated with 10000 mg kg-1 glyphosate, 15 g of vermicompost, totaling 3%, was added to the soil. The incorporation of vermicompost to the soil inhibited earthworm mortality. However, even the dose of 96 mg kg-1 presented deleterious effects on the reproduction of E. foetida. It can be concluded that the addition of vermicompost to soil contaminated with glyphosate attenuates the deleterious action of the herbicide on E. foetida.
Refractive trends in Swedish Military recruits
Authors: Uhlin Daniel , Lutteman Sten , Jennings J. Adrian M. , Brautaset Rune L.
Published: September 2017

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalenceof refractive errors in military recruits, with special reference tomyopia.Methods: 651 male military recruits, 17-23 years of age, wererefracted at Pliktverket in Näsby (a National Service Administrationoffice near Stockholm, Sweden). The refractive measurementswere taken with a Topcon KR-7OOOP auto keratorefractometerduring the initial health examination of NationalService recruits.Results: Out of the 651 recruits the prevalence of myopia (≥-0.50DS) was 37.7% (i.e., both eyes being myopic). The mean refractiveerror was RE -0.47DS and LE -0.41DS. This differencewas not statistically significant.Discussion: The prevalence of myopia in Swedish military recruitshas increased from 8.9% to 37.7% and the mean refractiveerror has changed from +0.53DS to –0.44DS since the study ofStrömberg (1936). However, the prevalence of myopia in thesepresent day recruits is lower than the 49.5% found in 12-13 yearold Swedes (Villarreal et al., 2000).
Strategy Implementation and Performance of Non Governmental Organizations in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Chris Simon Kipkorir Sitienei , Ronoh Daniel Kipkorir
Published: September 2017

Non-Governmental Organizations face problems related to planning, staffing, organizational change, influence ofleadership on allocation of resource and competition. The study focused on strategy implementation and performance.The objectives were; to investigate the effect of resource allocation, role of staff involvement, influence of rewardsystems, effect of operating procedures and role of communication on performance. The study is important toNon-Governmental Organizations, board of directors, donors and government. The study used McKinsey 7s model,survey research design. The target population was 37 the organizations and 349 members of the management team.Stratified technique was used to categorize the management into Board of Governors, managing directors, managersand heads of departments/project officers. A sample size of 151 respondents was selected from the categories. Datawas collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for SocialSciences (SPSS) version 21. The analyzed data was presented in form of frequency distribution tables. The findingsindicated that Strategy operationalization through resource allocation (allocation of money, adequate personnel andstaff involvement to implement new strategies) and operating procedures (staff training, policies, guiding principlesto ensure compliance to organization’s strategy, procedures, capacity of management, strategic guidance of topmanagement) affect performance to varying levels , Strategy institutionalization, through communication and rewardsystem (clear goals and objectives, strategy direction, strategy clearly communicated, performance recognitionsystem, effort based rewards and rewards system linked to new strategy affect performance differently.
Case: Metastatic Crohn’s disease of the genitalia in a prepubescent male: An illustrative case of an uncommon diagnosis
Authors: Kim Sandra S.Y. , Flannigan Ryan K. , Samarasekera Dinesh , Terry Jefferson , MacNeily Andrew E.
Published: September 2017

N/A
Techniques: Shockwave lithotripsy may not be a good option in patients with previous renal superselective embolization
Authors: Hussaen Jafar , Andonian Sero
Published: September 2017

N/A
Falls among Older Adults: A Community-Based Study in Rural Kerala, India
Authors: Rekha M. R. , Mini G. K. , Kutty V. R.
Published: September 2017

The study examined the frequency and correlates of falls among community dwelling older adults (≥60 years) in rural Kerala. We did a cross-sectional survey among 202 older adults using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. Falls in the previous year was reported by 27%, among them, 20% fell more than once making a total of 74 falls. Injuries were reported among 58% of the fallers. Slips were the frequent cause of fall (25.6%). Most falls happened outdoors (77%). Age-sex adjusted results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that those having any morbidity, those with a history of previous falls and those with no formal education were more likely to fall compared to their counterparts. Awareness programs on the risk of falls for older adults and their close relatives are required in this population. Prevention strategies should focus on those having any morbidity, those with a history of previous falls and those without formal education.
Official Statistics as a Tourism Research Tool in Cross-border Areas of Poland
Authors: Studzieniecki Tomasz , Wołoszyk Aleksandra
Published: September 2017

Purpose. To analyze using the system of official statistics in studying tourism in cross-border areas in Poland. The additional purpose is analysis of the evolution of the system in terms of changes in environment and needs. Method. Method of description, critical and comparative analyses. The system of official statistics was described from a subjective, objective and territorial perspective. Documents, legal acts, publications and statistical research results were catalogued, analysed and compared in terms of their use in studies on cross-border tourism, particularly taking into account the time after Poland joined the Schengen area. Findings. A synergy of two objective subsystems of the official statistics system becomes essential, i.e. tourism statistics and cross-border statistics. When Poland joined the Schengen area, the role of cross-border statistics increased. New studies and publications appeared. Five out of sixteen Euroregions were studied and all borderlands, except for the Polish-Lithuanian borderland. The achievements of official statistics in cross-border tourism are difficult to use because of the inconsistent delimitation of cross-border areas and the incompatibility of studies regarding the territorial, time and objective aspects. Research and conclusion limitations. In the work, only the system of official statistics in Poland was studied, particularly taking into account the time after Poland joined the Schengen area. In the context of cross-border tourism, it would be valuable to complete the studies with the statistical systems of neighbouring countries. Practical implications. The study results will be useful in all analyses on the development of cooperation and cross-border tourism in Poland. They will help to indicate the directions of further development and a possible modification of cross-border statistics and tourism statistics. Originality. For the first time, an attempt has been made to reach all possible information of the system of official statistics available and present the information in a systemic, chronological and comprehensive way. Type of paper. Review-empirical work.
Diversification of Sources of Financing Regional Tourist Organizations in Poland as Conditioning the Effectiveness of their Actions
Authors: Fedyk Wojciech
Published: September 2017

Purpose. To characterize the financial condition of Regional Tourism Organizations (ROT) in Poland, including comparative analyzes of disparities in the level of funding for these organizations, and also to make the author attempt to identify the catalog of conditions of a financial nature surrounded by ROTs having impact on the level of the effective of their functioning. Method. Methods of research included desk research of written resources, together with ROT status (analysis of the structure of their aims) and in-depth analysis of data acquired during the author’s own questionnaire research. The conclusions were made with the use of the deductive method, comparative analysis, and – to simplify the presentation of problems – the reduction method, as well as the authors’ own observations. Findings. The study revealed strong differentiation and large disparities in the level and character of funding sources of ROTs which could be crucial in assessing the effectiveness of the organization. Research limitations and conclusions. The study involved 16 ROTs from a historical perspective, and survey research data were obtained from 15 organizations from 2013. Due to the difficulty of obtaining financial data, studies on sources of ROT financing in the period 2014- 2015 were not considered, which resulted in limited capacity to formulate opinions. The analysis allowed, however, to distinguish and outline patterns in the characteristics of financing ROTs and the conditions of financial nature in their environment affecting effective functioning. Practical implications. The research diagnoses the level and character of funding sources of ROTs, and allows for a practical comparison of the activities and operations of each organization. Originality. Thy analysis and identification of sources of financing conditions in the ROT environment directory , in the context of tourism policy issues, system of organization of tourism, the behaviors of organizations focused on obtaining sources of functioning. A specific ranking of the ROTs. Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research.
Transcription of a 5’ extended mRNA isoform directs dynamic chromatin changes and interference of a downstream promoter
Authors: Chia Minghao , Tresenrider Amy , Chen Jingxun , Spedale Gianpiero , Jorgensen Victoria , Ünal Elçin , van Werven Folkert Jacobus
Published: September 2017

Cell differentiation programs require dynamic regulation of gene expression. During meiotic prophase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expression of the kinetochore complex subunit Ndc80 is downregulated by a 5’ extended long undecoded NDC80 transcript isoform. Here we demonstrate a transcriptional interference mechanism that is responsible for inhibiting expression of the coding NDC80 mRNA isoform. Transcription from a distal NDC80 promoter directs Set1-dependent histone H3K4 dimethylation and Set2-dependent H3K36 trimethylation to establish a repressive chromatin state in the downstream canonical NDC80 promoter. As a consequence, NDC80 expression is repressed during meiotic prophase. The transcriptional mechanism described here is rapidly reversible, adaptable to fine-tune gene expression, and relies on Set2 and the Set3 histone deacetylase complex. Thus, expression of a 5’ extended mRNA isoform causes transcriptional interference at the downstream promoter. We demonstrate that this is an effective mechanism to promote dynamic changes in gene expression during cell differentiation.
Work minimization accounts for footfall phasing in slow quadrupedal gaits
Authors: Usherwood James R , Self Davies Zoe T
Published: September 2017

Quadrupeds, like most bipeds, tend to walk with an even left/right footfall timing. However, the phasing between hind and forelimbs shows considerable variation. Here, we account for this variation by modeling and explaining the influence of hind-fore limb phasing on mechanical work requirements. These mechanics account for the different strategies used by: (1) slow animals (a group including crocodile, tortoise, hippopotamus and some babies); (2) normal medium to large mammals; and (3) (with an appropriate minus sign) sloths undertaking suspended locomotion across a range of speeds. While the unusual hind-fore phasing of primates does not match global work minimizing predictions, it does approach an only slightly more costly local minimum. Phases predicted to be particularly costly have not been reported in nature.
Las brechas digitales y los adolescentes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Linne Joaquín
Published: September 2017

A través de una encuesta (n: 204), 50 entrevistas en profundidad y 12 meses de observaciones, este artículo explora las diferencias en el acceso y uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación entre adolescentes de sectores medios y populares de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Además, indaga en las tensiones y los desafíos de los planes 1 a 1, principal estrategia de inclusión digital implementada por el gobierno argentino. Por último, aporta evidencia empírica acerca de que los adolescentes de sectores populares son quienes más se benefician con estos planes, aunque al mismo tiempo son quienes más se perjudican tanto por sus limitaciones como por las dificultades en su aplicación.
Orígenes de la Psicología Discursiva y su desarrollo hacia una psicología cultural postmoderna
Authors: Campos Winter Hugo Ignacio
Published: September 2017

El siguiente texto describe los orígenes de la psicología discursiva, corriente alternativa a la hegemonía del paradigma cognitivista en psicología. El contexto epistemológico desarrollado se origina en el giro lingüístico, continúa con el construccionismo social y la psicología social construccionista y finaliza con el análisis del discurso. Dicho marco explica las características distintivas de la psicología discursiva en relación a las otras corrientes y escuelas de psicología. Asimismo, los conceptos psicológicos y en particular el concepto de identidad, abordados desde la psicología discursiva, experimentan un giro no solo en su abordaje metodológico sino también en su ontología, adquiriendo una esencia discursiva. Finalmente, se propone un ensamblaje de la psicología discursiva con la antropología postmoderna para generar un nuevo concepto de identidad cultural y para esbozar un posible desarrollo de la psicología discursiva hacia una nueva psicología cultural postmoderna.
 
This paper describes the origins of discursive psychology, alternative to the hegemony of cognitive psychology paradigm in current psychology. The epistemological framework developed originates in the linguistic turn, continues with the social constructionism and social constructionist psychology and ends with discourse analysis. This framework explains the hallmarks of discursive psychology in relation to other schools and schools of psychology. The psychological concepts and in particular the concept of identity seen from discursive psychology experienced a shift not only in its methodological approach but also in its ontology, acquiring a discursive essence. Finally, an assembly of discursive psychology and postmodern anthropology aims to generate a new concept of cultural identity and to outline the possible development of discursive psychology into a new postmodern cultural psychology.
Etnografía y traducción en el laboratorio lingüístico de Rodolfo Lenz
Authors: Pavez Ojeda Jorge
Published: September 2017

Proponemos incorporar la reflexión sobre las memorias dellonko mapuche Pascual Coña, coescritas con Ernesto de Moesbach, Rodolfo Lenz, Félix de Augusta y varios otros «informantes nativos» mapuche, al marco del movimiento etnológico iniciado en Chile por la linguística científica promovida por Rodolfo Lenz. Presentamos algunas discusiones antropológicas y traductológicas que inspira este laboratorio etnológico, especialmente aquellas que se pueden dar en torno a la obra bilingüe de Manuel Manquilef, especialmente relevante como antecedente al testimonio bilingüe de Pascual Coña. A partir de estos autores, proponemos una reconsideracióna los agentes culturales, las valoraciones de la lengua indígena y deltexto testimonial, y las teorías y estrategias de la traducción y trascripción lingüística que están en juego en el proceso de colonización y chilenización de la Araucanía.
Desarrollismo y contradicciones territoriales en el contexto de una crisis hídrica y ambiental en las Sierras Chicas de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Koberwein Adrián
Published: September 2017

En este artículo analizamos la manera en que diferentes grupos e instituciones en las Sierras Chicas de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, despliegan una serie de estrategias de planificación territorial para evitar el avance de aquello que denominan como desarrollismo, y que consideran como una de las principales causas de la crisis hídrica y la degradación ambiental que sufre la zona desde hace tiempo. Nos basamos en ciertos conceptos de la geografía crítica y en los aportes de la teoría antropológica de las clasificaciones, para reflexionar en torno las contradicciones entre diferentes lógicas y dinámicas territoriales que se expresan en este contexto. Adoptamos un enfoque etnográfico, ponderando la perspectiva de losactores sobre los procesos a analizar. De esta manera, en primer lugar describimos qué es lo que los actores entienden por desarrollismo, para luego analizar las diferentes estrategias que se proponen para mitigar sus impactos ambientales, principalmente aquellas que refieren a la creación de espacios de conservación, como las reservas hídricas, y la manera en que éstas entran en contradicción con otro tipo de territorios.
Hacia una racionalidad reproductiva-ambiental. Aportes de los movimientos sociales contra las represas para la desmercantilización del territorio
Authors: Castro Buzón Nazaret
Published: September 2017

Para los movimientos que resisten contras las represas en América Latina, así como para otras luchas contra los emprendimientos extractivos, el territorio es mucho más que la garantía de su subsistencia: encarna la posibilidad misma de conservar modos de vida, de ser y hacer, que implican relaciones sociales, costumbres y, en muchos casos, una cosmovisión que se enfrenta a la mercantilización de la naturaleza que propone el sistema hegemónico. Este trabajo parte del análisis de tres movimientos que resisten a proyectos de infraestructura hidroenergética en Chile (Koz Koz), Colombia (Asoquimbo) y Argentina (Mesa Provincial No a las Represas). ¿En qué medida estos movimientos sociales proponen una alternativa a la racionalidad instrumental que nos hace maximizadores de utilidad o beneficio? La hipótesis propuesta es que estos movimientos están contribuyendo a la construcción de una racionalidad reproductiva-ambiental, que sitúa en el centro la reproducción ampliada de la vida, y no del capital. Esta investigación se apoya en un extensivo trabajo de campo con entrevistas, observación participativa y con análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias.
Presentación: Desarrollo Económico Local en América Latina: Desafíos, perspectivas y tensiones
Authors: Hernandez Aracena Javier Hernan , Julián Vejar Dasten
Published: September 2017

Desde mediados del siglo XX se ha instalado en América Latina el concepto de desarrollo económico(Ornelas, 2009). Los antiguos relatos de la modernidad, modernización, retraso y progreso en el siglo XIX, se materializaban en los países latinoamericanos en sus agendas gubernamentales, en organismos regionales y propuestas político estatales, las cuales apuntaban a su alcance, redefinición, expansión y proyección en un circuito global que cada vez asumía mayor complejidad e interrelación (Castells, 2005; Lipset & Solari, 1967).
Dye Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption
Authors: Ali Imran , Qureshi Asif Ali , Alothman Zeid A. , Alwarthan Abdulrahman
Published: September 2017

The presence of dyes in waste effluents is a growing concern due to their health hazards and environmental pollution.

The article focuses on the environmental impact and health hazards of dyes in industrial wastewater discharged into water bodies. Treatment and removal methods are discussed emphasizing removal by adsorption. Application of nanoadsorbents for the removal of dyes from polluted water is presented.
New evidence for surface water ice in small‐scale cold traps and in three large craters at the north polar region of Mercury from the Mercury Laser Altimeter
Authors: Deutsch Ariel N. , Neumann Gregory A. , Head James W.
Published: September 2017

The Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) measured surface reflectance, rs, at 1064 nm. On Mercury, most water‐ice deposits have anomalously low rs values indicative of an insulating layer beneath which ice is buried. Previous detections of surface water ice (without an insulating layer) were limited to seven possible craters. Here we map rs in three additional permanently shadowed craters that host radar‐bright deposits. Each crater has a mean rs value >0.3, suggesting that water ice is exposed at the surface without an overlying insulating layer. We also identify small‐scale cold traps (<5 km in diameter) where rs >0.3 and permanent shadows have biannual maximum surface temperatures <100 K. We suggest that a substantial amount of Mercury's water ice is not confined to large craters but exists within microcold traps, within rough patches and intercrater terrain.
Size Distribution and Dispersion of Droplets Generated by Impingement of Breaking Waves on Oil Slicks
Authors: Li C. , Miller J. , Wang J. , Koley S. S. , Katz J.
Published: September 2017

This laboratory experimental study investigates the temporal evolution of the size distribution of subsurface oil droplets generated as breaking waves entrain oil slicks. The measurements are performed for varying wave energy, as well as large variations in oil viscosity and oil‐water interfacial tension, the latter achieved by premixing the oil with dispersant. In situ measurements using digital inline holography at two magnifications are applied for measuring the droplet sizes and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for determining the temporal evolution of turbulence after wave breaking. All early (2–10 s) size distributions have two distinct size ranges with different slopes. For low dispersant to oil ratios (DOR), the transition between them could be predicted based on a turbulent Weber (We) number in the 2–4 range, suggesting that turbulence plays an important role. For smaller droplets, all the number size distributions have power of about −2.1, and for larger droplets, the power decreases well below −3. The measured steepening of the size distribution over time is predicted by a simple model involving buoyant rise and turbulence dispersion. Conversely, for DOR 1:100 and 1:25 oils, the diameter of slope transition decreases from ∼1 mm to 46 and 14 µm, respectively, much faster than the We‐based prediction, and the size distribution steepens with increasing DOR. Furthermore, the concentration of micron‐sized droplets of DOR 1:25 oil increases for the first 10 min after entrainment. These phenomena are presumably caused by the observed formation and breakup oil microthreads associated with tip streaming.
Concurrent Temporal and Spatial Trends in Sulfate and Organic Mass Concentrations Measured in the IMPROVE Monitoring Program
Authors: Malm William C. , Schichtel Bret A. , Hand Jenny L. , Collett Jeffrey L.
Published: September 2017

Recent modeling and field studies have highlighted a relationship between sulfate concentrations and secondarily formed organic aerosols related to isoprene and other volatile biogenic gaseous emissions. The relationship between these biogenic emissions and sulfate is thought to be primarily associated with the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity, increased aerosol water at high relative humidities, and aerosol volume. The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) program provides aerosol concentration levels of sulfate (SO4) and organic carbon (OC) at 136 monitoring sites in rural and remote areas of the United States over time periods of between 15 and 28 years. This data set allows for an examination of relationships between these variables over time and space. The relative decreases in SO4 and OC were similar over most of the eastern United States, even though concentrations varied dramatically from one region to another. The analysis implied that for every unit decrease in SO4 there was about a 0.29 decrease in organic aerosol mass (OA = 1.8 × OC). This translated to a 2 μg/m3 decrease in biogenically derived secondary organic aerosol over 15 years in the southeastern United States. The analysis further implied that 35% and 27% in 2001 and 2015, respectively, of average total OA may be biogenically derived secondary organic aerosols and that there was a small but significant decrease in OA not linked to changes in SO4 concentrations. The analysis yields a constraint on ambient SO4–OC relationships that should help to refine and improve regional‐scale chemical transport models.