bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Troponin I measurement after acute myocardial infarction and its correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Shah Mohita , Kothari Prafful
Published: January 2022

Background: After acute myocardial infarction (MI), a patient's prognosis is closely related to the extent of irreversibly damaged myocardium. The evaluation of infarct size after acute MI (AMD) is important for predicting the subsequent clinical course. Cardiac troponin I (cTnl) is accepted as a highly reliable biochemical marker for detecting myocardial damage, and its use in the diagnosis of acute MI (AMI) is increasing. Its concentration is unaffected by thrombolysis after the first12 hours, following which it shows a stable plateau for about 48 hours.Methods: This study investigated the value of a single cTnl concentration, estimated 12-48 hours after admission, to provide an integrated measurement of the degree of cardiac damage following first acute MI, and its correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study of troponin I measurement after acute MI and its correlation with LVEF was conducted during the period between October 2019 and October 2021 at SMIMER hospital, Surat.Results: This study shows a strong negative correlation between cTnI concentration measured between 12-48 hours post MI and echocardiographic LVEF. It was also found that cTnl concentration more than 3.8 ng/ml is a sensitive (100%) and specific (78.12%) indicator of LVEF <40% after a first acute MI. It can be considered as a significant prognostic marker.Conclusions:  In conclusion, cTnl shows excellent promise as a marker of infarct size, and for the assessment of LVEF; and may potentially replace the CPK-MB as the cardiac specific marker for AMI detection.
Effect of metformin on serum vitamin B12 and red blood cell indices in North Indian subjects with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Husain Amir , Khan Haroon Subhan , Siddiqi Sheelu Shafiq , Mukherjee Amit
Published: January 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting almost half a billion people worldwide and India is amongst the top ten countries of adults with diabetes. Metformin, the first-line therapy for diabetes, is associated with vitamin B12 malabsorption and subsequently, the development of vitamin B12 deficiency/insufficiency could manifest severe complications like neuropathy or anemia in the future. This study evaluated the effect of metformin on vitamin B12 and RBC indices in the North Indian population.Methods:This study was executed at a tertiary care hospital. 35 T2DM (type 2 DM) participants with ongoing metformin therapy were compared with 27 T2DM participants without metformin therapy. Participants were recruited from outpatient after diagnosis as per American diabetes association (ADA) criteria.Results: Metformin-treated participants had significantly low hemoglobin (t=2.096, df=60, 0.0403) compared to untreated participants. Similarly, MCHC was significantly lower in the metformin group (mean=33.28 gm/dl) compared to non-metformin group (mean=34.53 gm/dl) (t=2.745, df=60, p=0.0080). Moreover, there was a strong negative correlation (r=-0.4613, p=0.0053) among vitamin B12 and MCV in metformin group. There was no statistically significant correlation between vitamin B12 and RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) in the non-metformin group. Analyzing contingency table (Fisher’s exact test), we found no major difference (p=0.2002) between two groups of vitamin B12 with an odds ratio of 2.026 (95% CI=0.7366 to 5.633). Unpaired t test also confirmed insignificancy (t=0.04077, df=60, p=0.9676).Conclusions:Strong negative correlation was observed between vitamin B12 and MCV. Despite the insignificant difference of vitamin B12 between metformin and non-metformin groups, significantly low MCHC was found in metformin-treated participants.
Male Sjogren’s syndrome presenting with respiratory paralysis due to hypokalemia
Authors: H. Gowtham , M. Jagadeesan , S. Prasanna Karthik , R. Kannan , A. Gowrisankar
Published: January 2022

Respiratory paralysis due to hypokalemia is a rare entity in Sjogren’s syndrome. Apart from distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and hypokalemia the clinical symptoms like dryness of eye, mouth and parotid swelling were absent in our case. Due to this rarity in this pattern of presenting the symptoms, the differential diagnosis of autoimmune disease is often missed and it will eventually end up in a fatal condition. Hypokalemia causes muscle weakness gradually and there will be sudden onset of respiratory paralysis which could be dangerous to the individual. Although there is the presence of rare combination of symptoms clinical history, blood gas analysis, urine analysis and ANA profile will help in the appropriate diagnosis. Here we report a rare case of male Sjogren’s syndrome presenting with respiratory paralysis due to hypokalemia.
Pattern and prevalence of substance abuse in Kashmiri population: a review
Authors: Yaqoob Arjimand , Ashraf Sharika
Published: January 2022

Substance abuse is rampant in modern world including Kashmir valley. It has become one of the major health concerns of the society. Here we present review of various studies about prevalence and effects of drug abuse in Kashmir valley. Different electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, for last 20 years were searched for articles describing drug abuse in Kashmir valley. Out of 10 results, 4 were reviewed published from 2012to 2021. In Kashmir, the consumption of opioids has increased significantly with heroin injection not being uncommon. Youth are more vulnerable to the menace which destroys the productive years of their life. Many factors like conflict 2012 to 2021 zone, peer pressure, unemployment, vulnerable to this menace, educational stress is responsible for the substance abuse among individuals. Drug abuse threatens the social fabric of our community. It causes enormous suffering to not only the individual caught in this abuse but also his whole family. To overcome this menace multipronged approach is required with interventions at family and, community level, various government agencies, NGO’s and most important by medical specialists.
Orthodontic care and management in pregnant women
Authors: Sharma Tanushree , Sharma Aseem , Sharma Akshat , Bansal Chinki , Patyal Arun
Published: January 2022

Orthodontic treatment is a lengthy procedure and it requires lots of care towards oral hygiene. Pregnancy brings lot of physiologic changes in patient. Proper management during gestational phase will provide better results. Orthodontist should have proper knowledge about the changes and should plan the treatment accordingly to achieve best outcome. The present article highlights the changes and the essential knowledge of various factors that an orthodontist should take into consideration while treating pregnant patients. This article also focuses on the treatment objectives that should avoid during pregnancy phase and explains the role of the patient during the treatment procedure.
Orthodontic management in medically compromised patients
Authors: Sharma Tanushree , Sharma Aseem , Sharma Akshat , Bansal Chinki , Patyal Arun
Published: January 2022

Medically compromised patients are increasing in number day by day who are seeking orthodontic care. For majority of the medical emergencies orthodontic treatment is not contraindicated but special care and precautions are necessary for their successful treatment without any further complication. One of the most important things that patients can do with their medical history is to share it with health care providers. Medical history helps to provide best possible treatment to the patient and thus helps to maintain good health. Successful orthodontic treatment can be done for most patients with relevant management. Actively managing this will avoid numerous complications, life threatening emergencies and will avoid many medico-legal incidents. This article enlightens the possible medical emergencies faced by orthodontist in day-to-day practice and helps to understand the management of such patients.
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of patients with severe psoriasis in Rabat Morocco
Authors: Line Mezni , Hind Palamino , Farah El Hadadi , Mariame Meziane , Nadia Ismaili , Laila Benzekri , Karima Senouci
Published: January 2022

Our paper aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of patients with severe psoriasis in Rabat Morocco. We carried out a single-center retrospective, transversal study on 100 cases of severe psoriasis collected between January 2011 and December 2020 at the university hospital ibn Sina Rabat. We included patients with: pustular, erythrodermic, arthropathic forms, and generalized psoriasis vulgaris with a skin surface area>10% and a PASI>15.
Ear nose throat manifestation of tuberculosis: a retrospective study in a tertiary care health centre of North India
Authors: Gupta Sucheta , Gupta Vinod
Published: January 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) involving organs other than the lungs is termed as 'extra pulmonary TB'. Very few studies on otorhinolaryngeal manifestations of TB have been conducted. The aim of this study was to find out incidence of head and neck TB, its varied presentations and clinical manifestations and its association to risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Methods: A retrospective randomized observational study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head neck surgery, CHC, Chenani, Udhampur, on 120 patients, diagnosed with extra pulmonary TB in ear, nose and throat region of 11 and above age group, over a period of eight months and a follow-up of 6 months.

Results: Out of the 120 selected for the study, majority belonged to the 36-60 years age group (56.67%). Most of the patients were males (57.5%). TB lymphadenopathy was found to be the most common lesion (84.17%), followed by laryngeal TB (6.67%). There were multiple matted lymph nodes in 69 cases and single lymph node in 8 cases; bilateral lymph node involvement was noted in 38 cases. Fever and swelling in the neck were most common presentations. No association was found between specific TB lesions and Smoking or alcohol consumption. 55% of patients showed no co-existing illness. FNAC was the principal diagnostic investigation for the lymph node TB.

Conclusions: Changing patterns of presentations of laryngeal, aural and nasal TB was observed in the study. Therefore, otorhinolaryngologists must keep TB in mind while dealing with head and neck lesions.
Results of tympanoplasty in reference to the condition of middle ear mucosa and edge of perforation in safe chronic otitis media
Authors: Mili Mohan Kumar , Hoque Sultan Rezaul , Sarmah Monikuntal , Phookan Jyotirmoy
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an important and a highly prevalent disease of the middle ear and poses serious health problem worldwide especially in developing countries where large percentage of the population lack specialized medical care, suffer from malnutrition and live in poor hygienic environmental conditions. Aim of the study was to study the outcome of tympanoplasty in the light of character of edge of perforation and middle ear mucosa condition.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 39 patients who underwent tympanoplasty in the department of ENT and head and neck surgery, Assam medical college and hospital, Dibrugarh between 1st June 2019 to 31st May 2020. Rim of perforated tympanic membrane and middle ear mucosa were sent for HPE. Three post-operatives follow up were done and surgical success was measured in terms of graft uptake and improvement in hearing.

Results: Out of 39 cases, successful graft uptake was seen in 33 (84.62%) cases. Extension of migration of squamous epithelium in the undersurface of tympanic membrane was found in all 6 cases (3 had complete epidermosis while 3 had partial). All the six graft failure cases had diseased middle ear mucosa, mostly infected hypertrophied mucosa and tympanosclerosis with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells and 1 patient had keratosis flakes with vascular stroma.

Conclusions: Hypertrophic changes with inflammation of middle ear mucosa and epidermosis on the medial surface of tympanic membrane was found to have negative influence on the tympanoplasty outcome.
A clinical study and management of ulceromembranous lesions of oral cavity
Authors: John Stanley , M. Muniraju , S. S. Sreekala , P. R. Julie
Published: January 2022

Background: This study was done at Dr BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore between November 2019 to May 2021 in the department of ENT to know the clinical profile of patients presenting with ulceromembranous lesions in oral cavity.

Methods: A longitudinal prospective study done with the patients coming to Department of Otorhinolaryngology and also the patient referred from other departments of Dr. B R. Ambedkar medical college from November 2019 to May 2021.After obtaining informed written consent, all patients with ulceromembranous lesions in the oral cavity, a detailed medical history recorded, thorough ENT clinical assessment as well as a systemic check up done. Swab was obtained and sent for Gram's stain, culture, and sensitivity, KOH mount. In suspected malignant ulceroproliferative lesions, biopsies were collected from the edges of the lesions. All information was entered into a custom-made case preforma. Patients were treated symptomatically with appropriate antibacterials and antifungal medicines. Patients with malignant ulcers who gave consent were taken for surgery.

Results: There were 100 cases of ulceromembranous lesions in oral cavity. Females (60%) were most commonly affected. Majority of patients had tobacco chewing as a risk factor for the development of malignant lesions.15% of study subjects had aphthous ulcer as the most common cause of ulceromembranous lesion. Malignant lesions constitute 27% of total cases.

Conclusions: Malignant etiology is most commonly associated with ulceromembranous lesions in oral cavity in our study.
An extremely rare malignant tumour of nasopharynx: primary nasopharyngeal non salivary type adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sebastin Emelda Rose , Darishini Piriya , Ling Tang Chian , Ser Heng Pek
Published: January 2022

Adenocarcinoma is commonly found in lung, prostate and gastrointestinal tract. Nasopharyngeal part contributes a very small percentage of adenocarcinoma as the most common histopathology found here is squamous cell carcinoma. We present a case of nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma which is a very rare clinical presentation. This is 35 years old Iban gentleman, with underlying retroviral disease, hepatitis B on treatment, presented with right neck swelling for 3 months associated with right ear fullness. Examination showed unilateral right level II neck swelling and nasal endoscopy showed mass arising from right fossa of Rosen muller (FOR). The investigation done includes biopsy of right FOR and biopsy of right neck swelling with contrast enhanced computed tomography of neck, thorax and abdomen. The result of right FOR biopsy is non intestinal type adenocarcinoma, and biopsy of right neck swelling is reported as metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma. CECT NTAP showed asymmetry with fullness of right FOR associated with right level II cervical lymphadenopathy. Our centre managed this case with surgical intervention and patient underwent endoscopic nasopharyngectomy, and planned for right modified radical neck dissection (MRND). Patient defaulted our follow up after operation and was not keen for neck dissection surgery. He presented the second time with bilateral neck swelling and underwent chemotherapy and defaulted the follow up thereafter again. In conclusion the approach in treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and sino-nasal adenocarcinoma differs whereby the cornerstone management for the latter one is surgical intervention compared to the former which is radiotherapy. Hence early detection and treatment is essential.
An unreadable face: our experience
Authors: Payyappilly Albin B. , Rai Juthika S. , Gowda B. V. Chandre , Thimmasettaiah Nagaraj B. , Stephenyar Marie C. Sharafine
Published: January 2022

Bilateral facial nerve palsy (FNP) is a rare condition, representing less than 2% of all cases of FNP. Majority of these patients have underlying medical conditions, ranging from neurologic, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, or metabolic disorders. The differential diagnosis of its causes is extensive and hence can present as a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a 27-year-old male who presented to the ENT OPD with sequential bilateral facial nerve paralysis which was delayed onset and post traumatic. This article is an attempt by the authors to stress the importance of combing clinical examination and radiological findings to decision making and to evaluate the various treatment options in this rare entity.
Accuracy of optimized Sirius ray-tracing method in intraocular lens power calculation
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang Province, China, Wei Li-Qing , Pan Wei-Hua ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang Province, China, Nie Li ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Chen Yu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang Province, China, Liu Gui-Fang ,   Department of Refractive Surgery, Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China, Qian Zhen-Bin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: January 2022

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy and predictability of ray tracing-assisted intraocular lens (IOL) calculation function in Sirius internal software and further improve the accuracy by optimizing the calculation of predicted lens position (PLP).
METHODS: This retrospective study recruited 52 eyes of 49 patients. All of the cases with cataract had undergone phacoemulsi?cation combined with IOL implantation. SRK-T, Haigis formula, and Sirius ray-tracing method were all used for each eye's IOL calculation. The mean absolute value of prediction error (prediction error=predicted refraction- postoperative refraction) was defined as mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) and was determined for each method. Calculation of PLP was optimized by effective lens position (ELP). Optimized PLP was entered to Sirius internal software again to verify whether the method was improved.
RESULTS: Compared with SRK-T and Haigis formulas, less accuracy was shown in Sirius ray-tracing method (P=0.001). The ELP of the IOL moved forward compared to PLP (P<0.001). The MAPE of the ELP-inputted Sirius ray-tracing method was reduced. ELP and PLP were well correlated. Taking ELP as y and PLP given by Sirius soft as x, a linear regression formula y=0.1637x+3.1741 was concluded (R²=0.1066, P=0.018). It was shown that the optimized Sirius ray-tracing method (optimized PLP entered), compared with SRK-T and Haigis formulas, worked with the same accuracy (P=0.038).
CONCLUSION: The original Sirius ray tracing method is not satisfactory enough. However, in normal eyes, the optimized Sirius ray-tracing method in IOL calculation was as accurate as SRK-T and Haigis formulas.
Predictors of angle widening after laser iridotomy in Chinese patients with primary angle-closure suspect using ultrasound biomicroscopy
Authors:   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China, Pei Xue-Ting , Sun Xia ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China, Chen Hong ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China, Wang Bing-Song ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China, Li Shu-Ning ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China, Wang Tao ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
Published: January 2022

AIM: To assess the predictive value of baseline parameters of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) for angle widening after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in patients with primary angle-closure suspect (PACS).
METHODS: Angle-opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris angle (TIA), iris thickness, trabecular-ciliary process angle, and trabecular-ciliary process distance were measured using UBM performed before and two weeks after LPI. Iris convexity (IC), iris insertion, angulation, and ciliary body (CB) size and position were graded. Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine factors predicting the change in AOD (ΔAOD500, calculated as an angle width change before and after LPI) in all quadrants and in subgroup quadrants based on IC.
RESULTS: In 94 eyes of 94 patients with PACS, LPI led to angle widening with increases in AOD500 and TIA (P<0.01). Multivariable regression analysis showed that IC (P<0.001), CB position (P=0.007) and iris insertion (P=0.049) were significantly predictive for ΔAOD500. All quadrants were categorized into extreme IC (27.8%), moderate IC (62.3%), and absent IC (9.9%) subgroups. The AOD500 increased by 220% and no other predictive factor was found in the extreme IC quadrants. The AOD500 increased by 55%, and baseline iris angulation was predictive for smaller changes in ΔAOD500 in the moderate IC quadrants.
CONCLUSION: In PACS patients, quadrants with greater iris bowing predict substantial angle widening after LPI. Quadrants with a flatter iris, anteriorly positioned CB, and basal iris insertion are associated with less angle widening after LPI. Quadrants with iris angulation as well as a flatter iris configuration predict a smaller angle change after LPI.
Comparison of fundus fluorescein angiography and fundus photography grading criteria for early diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Eye Department, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China, Li Xin-Yue , Dong Li ,   Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China, Zhang Hong ,   Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
Published: January 2022

AIM: To compare the assessment outcomes of the characteristics of mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) established by fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).
METHODS: The fundus photos and FFA results of 260 patients with diabetes mellitus were reviewed. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity was graded based on the international classification standard. The microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) in FFA images of patients with mild to moderate NPDR were observed. The differences between the fundus photos and the FFA results were summarized, analyzed, and compared.
RESULTS: The counting of intraretinal hemorrhages identified by FFA revealed that only 9 eyes (1.9%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants; 15 eyes (3.1%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in three quadrants; 26 eyes (5.4%) had over 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in two quadrants; and 37 eyes (7.7%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in only one quadrant. Furthermore, the number of IRMAs appeared ≥4 in 17 eyes, 3 in 35 eyes, 2 in 69 eyes, and 1 in 93 eyes.
CONCLUSION: FFA has higher detection accuracy of retinal angiopathy than fundus photography. FFA grading results are helpful for timely detection and proper treatment of lesions easily missed by fundus photography.
Incidence of endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification cataract surgery: a Meta-analysis
Authors:   Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China, Shi Si-Lu , Cui Yi-Lei ,   Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China, Zheng Si-Fan ,   GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK, Shentu Xing-Chao ,   Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: January 2022

AIM: To evaluate the overall endophthalmitis incidence and the effectiveness of potential prophylaxis measures following phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS).
METHODS: The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to April 30th, 2021. We included studies that reported on the incidence of endophthalmitis following PCS. The quality of the included studies was critically evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The random effect or the fixed-effects model was used to evaluated the pooled incidence based on the heterogeneity. The publication bias was assessed by Egger's linear regression and Begg's rank correlation tests.
RESULTS: A total of 39 studies containing 5 878 114 eyes were included and critically appraised in the Meta-analysis. For overall incidence of endophthalmitis after PCS, the Meta-analysis yielded a pooled estimate of 0.092% (95%CI: 0.083%-0.101%). The incidence appeared to decrease with time (before 2000: 0.097%, 95%CI: 0.060%-0.135%; 2000 to 2010: 0.089%, 95%CI: 0.076%-0.101%; after 2010: 0.063%, 95%CI: 0.050%-0.077%). Compared with typical povidone-iodine solution (0.178%, 95%CI: 0.071%-0.285%) and antibiotics subconjunctival injections (0.047%, 95%CI: 0.001%-0.095%), the use of intracameral antibiotics significantly reduced the incidence of endophthalmitis after PCS (0.045%, 95%CI: 0.034%-0.055%, RR: 7.942, 95%CI: 4.510-13.985).
CONCLUSION: Due to the advancement of phacoemulsification technology and the widespread use of intracameral antibiotics, the incidence of endophthalmitis following PCS shows a decreasing trend over time. The use of intracameral antibiotics administration will significantly reduce the risk of endophthalmitis.
A survey of anaesthetic preferences in cataract surgery
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Sussex Teaching Hospitals Trust, Worthing, West Sussex BN11 2DH, England, United Kingdom, Hamid Moaz , Hamid Faraz ,   Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, England B15 2PR, United Kingdom
Published: January 2022

AIM: To identify current trends in anaesthesia technique for cataract surgery and make this information available to ophthalmologists.
METHODS: An electronic survey was created and distributed to members of online ophthalmology forums; results were subsequently analysed in spreadsheet software.
RESULTS: In total there were 71 completed surveys. The most preferred anaesthesia technique in cataract cases was topical anaesthesia with intracameral injection (n=34, 47.9%), and the least preferred techniques were retrobulbar (n=1, 1.4%) and peribulbar blocks (n=1, 1.4%). The most commonly preferred local anaesthetic was lidocaine 2% (n=41, 57.7%).
CONCLUSION: Topical anaesthesia techniques with lidocaine 2% appear to be the most preferred method of anaesthesia in cataract surgery in our survey. Compared with previous literature our survey shows that topical anaesthesia is being increasingly used in cataract surgery, especially in conjunction with intracameral injection. The predominant reasons for this seem to be patient comfort and ease of technique.
Comparison of the Host Based Intrusion Detection Systems and Network Based Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: EFE Ahmet , ABACI İrem Nur
Published: January 2022

Recently, Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) has emerged as sophisticated and tailor-made attacks. APTs pose threats mainly targeting institutions such as military, defense and security infrastructure, high profile companies and governments etc. Particularly as a counter measure for APT attacks done by hactivists and cyber warriors and cyber terrorists over government institutions and e-government applications intrusion detection mechanisms are of crucial importance in effective defense. In this study, Intrusion detection and prevention systems have been studied in detail after being referred to the tasks and abilities of the intrusion detection systems that are at the core of the computer security technology presented today in order to meet the increasing need for information and network security. This paper’s aim is the specifying the differences between Host Based Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS) and Network Based Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) and compares the tools which are using HIDS and NIDS. It is asserted that in order to have a better assurance for APT attacks there should be set up a Hybrid IDS approach covering both networks and hosts using both signature and behavioral detection mechanism based on machine learning.
Radar Absorber Fabric Design Based on Periodic Arrays of Circular Shaped Conductive Patches
Authors: NİSANCİ Muhammet Hilmi , KANBEROĞLU Baha , ÇİĞDEM Yılmaz , ALKURT Fatih Özkan , KARAASLAN Muharrem
Published: January 2022

In this study, the design and electrical tests of radar absorber fabric containing an array of circular shaped conductive patches positioned on a neoprene fabric are presented. In the designs, electrical performance of the radar absorber fabric is numerically studied in both planar and conformal structures. Furthermore, the two-dimensional (2D) surface current distribution at the resonant frequency is examined to better understand the operating principles of the proposed structure. Finally, the prototype of the radar absorber fabric is manufactured, and the frequency dependent reflection parameter values are measured by using the free space measurement technique to validate the numerical results. A good agreement between the measurement and numerical results is obtained.
Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 11 and Chloride Sodium on Biochemical and Microbiological Quality of Table Olives during Fermentation
Authors: Issaoui K. El , Senhaji N. Skali , Bouhdid S. , Amajoud N. , Abrini J. , Khay E.O.
Published: January 2022

Background: Table olives are nutritionally a complete food and considered as one of the oldest fermented products. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 11 as a starter culture on the fermentation of table olives at two incubation temperatures 22 and 30 °C and different salt concentrations (0, 4, 8, and 12% m/v) of sodium chloride (NaCl).
Methods: The fermentation of table olives was carried out according to the Spanish style. L. plantarum 11 was inoculated as a starter culture (106 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/ml), and Listeria monocytogenes CECT 4032 was used as an indicator strain. Under the same experimental conditions, the fermentation of olives without the inoculation of starter culture was used as a control. Then, biochemical and microbiological quality of each experimental batch was tested.
Results: Unlike the incubation temperature of 22 °C, the pH values ​​obtained in salted batches and incubated at 30 °C were all below the marketing limits for table olives. At the end of the process, the maximum load of yeasts and molds (>5 log CFU/ml) was recorded in the batches incubated at 22 °C. At 22 °C, Listeria was absent in inoculated fermenters at a concentration greater than or equal to 8% (w/v) of NaCl. However, at 30 °C, Listeria was not detected in treatment groups and in the control group with 12% NaCl. 
Conclusion: L. plantarum 11 could be potentially considered as a probiotic starter culture during the fermentation of black table olives.
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-based Parenting Training on Parenting Styles of Mothers with Mentally Retarded Children
Authors: Barabadi Baratali , Barabadi Hossein Ahmad , Heydarnia Ahmad
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting training on parenting styles of mothers with mentally retarded children. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group study. The study population consisted of all the mothers of mentally retarded children attending exceptional elementary school in Bojnord between 2018 and 2019. Twenty-four volunteer mothers were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment-based parenting training, and the control group did not receive any training. The Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire was used in this study. The data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance. Findings: results showed that acceptance and commitment based parenting training increased authoritative parenting style and decreased permissive parenting style (p≤0/01). Moreover, acceptance and commitment-based parenting training did not have significant effect on authoritarian parenting style (p≥0/05). Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment-based parenting training can improve parenting styles of mothers with mentally retarded children.
The Effectiveness of Strengths-based Career Counseling on Career Exploration, Self-efficacy and Dysfunctional Career Thoughts in Unemployed Female Graduates
Authors: Rashidi Neda , Sajjad Seydi Mohammad , Rashidi Alireza
Published: January 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of strengths-based career counseling on career exploration, career self-efficacy and dysfunctional career thoughts regulation among unemployed graduates. Methods: study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-post-follow up design and a control group. Research population consisted of all unemployed female graduates in city of Islamabad Gharb in 2018. Convenient sampling method was employed and through inclusion criteria, 28 individuals were selected and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (14 in each group). The intervention involved four 90-minute weekly sessions using strengths-based career counseling. The control group did not receive any intervention. Career exploration survey, career self-efficacy scale and dysfunctional career thoughts scale were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference at the post-test stages between experimental and control group in career exploration (P <0.001; F = 68.66; P <0.001; F = 102.99), career self-efficacy (P <0.001; F = 34.31; P <0.001; F = 47.94) and dysfunctional career thoughts (P <0.001; F = 7.89; P <0.001; F = 88.22). Also this difference is stable over the time, at the follow up in three month. Conclusion: It is recommended that executive directors and education officials conduct strengths-based career counseling for students on a large scale.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Group Counseling based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Metacognitive Therapy on Reducing Aggression in Adolescent Boys with Divorced Parents
Authors: Godini Aliakbar , Rasooli Mohsen , Mohsenzadeh Farshad
Published: January 2022

Aim: Adolescent aggression causes significant disruption to one’s individual and interpersonal life and, if left unchecked, can change their destiny. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparison between the effects of two approaches, namely metacognitive therapy and dialectical behavior therapy, on reducing aggression in adolescent boys with divorced parents. Methods: The design of the present study was a quasi-experimental research including control group with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The sample, consisting of 36 male students whose parents were divorced, was selected by convenience sampling method. The research tool was Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry,1992). Research data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: The analysis of covariance in adolescents undergoing dialectical behavior therapy (p <0.05) and metacognitive therapy (P <0.01) interventions showed significant results. Both groups showed less aggression than adolescents in the control group and a significant difference was observed between the effects of these two types of interventions in reducing aggression. Conclusion: Based on the findings and the two-month follow-up, it can be concluded that dialectical behavior therapy reduced aggression among children of divorce by changing the components of emotional regulation, and metacognitive therapy did so by changing negative and irrational cognitions.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Reality Therapy on Self-Care Behaviors in Female Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Khanbabaei Nahid , Mojtabaei Mina , Rafiepour Amin
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment and reality therapy on self-care behaviors in female patients with breast cancer. Methods: The design of the present study was a quasi-experimental including three groups of pre-test-post-test with control group, and follow-up. The present study population included female patients with breast cancer aged between 25 to 45 years who referred to the oncology ward of Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran in the second half of the year 2020. In this study, three experimental groups, with 20 individuals in each was used. For the methodology, the experimental group received the acceptance and commitment treatment protocol, while the second experimental group received the reality therapy intervention. These were performed in eight 90-minute sessions. But the control group did not receive any intervention. Mixed analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Findings: Finally, in examining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment and reality therapy approaches, it was found that there is a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy on self-care behaviors in female patients with breast cancer (P<0.430). In other words, reality therapy has a greater effect on increasing self-care behaviors in female patients with breast cancer than acceptance and commitment therapy.
Effect of 4 weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training on P53 and Caspase-3 Proteins Content in the Heart Muscle Tissue of Rats with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jokar Masoud , Sherafati Moghadam Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes can lead to muscle apoptosis and a defect in the structure of the heart tissue. One of the main pathways of apoptosis is the pathway activated by the P53 and Caspase-3 proteins. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of high intensity interval training on the content of P53 and Caspase-3 proteins in heart muscle tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats with type 1 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, twelve 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats with mean weight of 300±20 gr were selected and after induction of diabetes through streptozotocin solution, randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental (n= 6) and control (n= 6). The training program consisted of 5 stages of 4-minute with an intensity of 85 to 95% of the maximum speed and 3-minute active rest periods with an intensity of 50 to 60% of the maximum speed. Proteins were measured by Western-Blot in vitro. SPSS software version 16 and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.
Results: High intensity interval training resulted in a significant reduction in the P53 protein content of the training group compared to the control group (P=0.003). However, there was no significant change in the content of Caspase-3 in the activated form (P=0.71) and the initial form (P=0.15) in the training group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: High intensity interval training, by reducing the content of the P53 protein and preventing the activation of the caspase-3 protein, may have inactivated the apoptosis pathway of these two proteins in heart cells in type 1 diabetic subjects.
Effect of microwave pre-treatment on the yield of soybean oil extraction process: kinetic study, mathematical modeling and optimization
Authors: Gabe Andre Matheus , Silva Paulo Ricardo Santos da
Published: January 2022

A soja é uma das principais oleaginosas cultivadas no Brasil. Em sua industrialização, a extração por solvente é uma operação essencial. Novas tecnologias vêm sendo desenvolvidas para aumentar a eficiência dessa operação, destacando-se a extração assistida por micro-ondas. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o efeito do pré-tratamento por micro-ondas sobre o rendimento da extração do óleo de soja por hexano, investigar seu mecanismo cinético e otimizar o processo. Para tanto, grãos de soja, previamente caracterizados, foram submetidos ao pré-tratamento por micro-ondas variando a potência nominal aplicada (310 e 620 W) e o tempo de pré-tratamento (5, 10, 20 e 30 s), seguido pela extração convencional da amostra por 30 minutos em hexano, avaliando-se ao final o rendimento de extração de óleo e a concentração do extrato. Um modelo polinomial foi desenvolvido para equacionar essas variáveis. O método de otimização por superfície de resposta foi aplicado ao modelo para maximizar o rendimento de extração. Ainda, foram ajustados dois modelos cinéticos (primeira ordem e segunda ordem) aos dados experimentais, visando compreender o mecanismo cinético do pré-tratamento por micro-ondas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o tempo de pré-tratamento e a potência nominal aplicada apresentaram efeitos significativos sobre o rendimento de extração, o qual foi predito com 81% de exatidão pelo modelo proposto. Na etapa de otimização, o modelo indicou que o máximo rendimento alcançado no processo de extração com pré-tratamento por micro-ondas seria de, aproximadamente, 10%, para os ajustes operacionais de 30 s e 620 W. Adicionalmente, o estudo cinético revelou que o pré-tratamento da soja foi satisfatoriamente descrito tanto pelo modelo de primeira ordem, como pelo modelo de segunda ordem. Em síntese, o pré-tratamento por micro-ondas mostrou-se promissor quando aplicado ao processo convencional de extração de óleo de soja, uma vez que reduziu o tempo de processamento de 240 min para 60 min.
Ilustrar la tiranía: paratextos ícono-verbales en Crímenes ejemplares, de Max Aub
Authors: Ramírez Fermín Gloria
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo estudia un modo artístico de narrar un exilio sin tener que recurrir a palabras directas como violencia o crimen. Max Aub, exiliado español en México, publicó su revista personal Sala de Espera en tierras aztecas. En la sección “Zarzuela” recopiló una serie de relatos breves intitulados Crímenes, que más tarde, para su edición en formato de libro, denominó Crímenes ejemplares. Los microrrelatos son una serie de confesiones humorísticas sobre diversos tipos de asesinatos narrados por los “homicidas”, de modo que parecen testimonios reales. A lo largo de las tres ediciones de este libro, en vida de Aub (1957, 1968 y 1972), el autor incorporó una serie de “pistas” en los paratextos con el objetivo de aludir a los fenómenos sociales de la época, sobre todo aquellos que se referían a la situación con el franquismo, la Guerra Fría —contexto histórico de la época del exilio de Aub en México— y los acontecimientos en México y París en 1968. Por ejemplo, este último guiño a los sucesos violentos de aquel verano del 68 es representado con una pintura que evoca a la banda francesa Bonnot, dedicada al robo de bancos para desestabilizar la economía de los más ricos. Esta es una muestra de cómo el escritor relacionó la ficción de los crímenes con acontecimientos reales, de tal manera que surge una suerte de dilución entre lo real y lo imaginario.
La escritura femenina en La travesía, de Luisa Valenzuela: entre los pliegues del yo autobiográfico
Authors: Álvarez Yepes Daniela
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se analizan las estrategias autofigurativas de La travesía de Luisa Valenzuela en términos de las narrativas del yo, la dictadura argentina y el feminismo, encontrándose una correspondencia entre la desautorización de la voz y la estructura del relato autobiográfico y el retrato de la experiencia de la violencia del régimen militar y de género. Inicialmente, se sitúa a la novela en el auge de las narrativas del yo que, con recursos literarios que se separan de los escritos autobiográficos más conservadores, denuncian la imposibilidad de entender al sujeto como unívoco, a la vez que fundan diferentes aproximaciones al recuento de la experiencia. Dicha localización permite explorar los experimentos formales que Valenzuela lleva a cabo en torno al ejercicio autobiográfico y que ponen de relieve la crisis de la construcción de la memoria y la exposición de la subjetividad contemporánea. Además, se demuestra cómo tales estrategias sirven de vehículo a la reflexión sobre el feminismo y la dictadura que permean la totalidad de su obra. Para esto, se acude a la noción de escritura femenina de Valenzuela, la cual antepone la multiplicidad de perspectivas a la univocidad de la voz autobiográfica, lo ambiguo a lo preciso, y lo colectivo a lo autoritario. La travesía es, entonces, leída como parte de las obras que acuden a la narración de la propia experiencia en un marco del recuento de la memoria colectiva, con juegos narrativos que señalan la futilidad deíctica del yo y la dificultad de relatar el tiempo pasado, sin, por ello, abandonar el llamado a su reconstrucción como garantía de no repetición.
INVESTIGATION OF THE SUPPORTS STRUCTURES’ PRINTING PARAMETERS FOR PARTS OBTAINED BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING OF METAL POWDER COMPOSITION OF THE Co–Cr–Ni–W–Ta ALLOY
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Bogachev I. A. , Sukhov D.I. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Khodyrev N.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Kurkin S. E. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: January 2022

Features of the supports structures’ processing for parts made of a metal-powder composition based on the Co–Cr–Ni–W–Ta system, manufactured by selective laser melting method, have been studied. As the main type of supports used for printing various types of parts, the block type was selected for the research. The analysis of advanced technological parameters of printing support structures, including delays of the laser beam movement when changing the trajectory, the beginning and end of the tracks, the transition between the tracks were held. Influence of the parameters on the quality of manufacturing supports was determined and optimal parameters for printing supports were selected.