bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Deep Learning Instance Segmentation Models for Pig Precision Livestock Farming
Authors: Witte Jan-Hendrik , Gerberding Johann , Melching Christian , Marx Gómez Jorge
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the deep learning instance segmentation architectures DetectoRS, SOLOv2, DETR and Mask R-CNN were applied to data from the field of Pig Precision Livestock Farming to investigate whether these models can address the specific challenges of this domain. For this purpose, we created a custom dataset consisting of 731 images with high heterogeneity and high-quality segmentation masks. For evaluation, the standard metric for benchmarking instance segmentation models in computer vision, the mean average precision, was used. The results show that all tested models can be applied to the considered domain in terms of prediction accuracy. With a mAP of 0.848, DetectoRS achieves the best results on the test set, but is also the largest model with the greatest hardware requirements. It turns out that increasing model complexity and size does not have a large impact on prediction accuracy for instance segmentation of pigs. DETR, SOLOv2, and Mask R-CNN achieve similar results to DetectoRS with a parameter count almost three times smaller. Visual evaluation of predictions shows quality differences in terms of accuracy of segmentation masks. DetectoRS generates the best masks overall, while DETR has advantages in correctly segmenting the tail region. However, it can be observed that each of the tested models has problems in assigning segmentation masks correctly once a pig is overlapped. The results demonstrate the potential of deep learning instance segmentation models in Pig Precision Livestock Farming and lay the foundation for future research in this area.
X-Ray Crystalline Undulator Radiation in Water Window
Authors: Gevorgyan H.
Published: July 2021

The problem of radiation produced by the bunch of relativistic positrons, channeled into the crystalline undulator, is considered, taking into account the polarization of a crystal medium. If a bunch energy is above the threshold energy, then the radiation is generated in the limited frequency range, due to the medium polarization. Both soft and hard boundary photons are emitted at a zero angle. When the ratio of the bunch energy to the threshold energy approaches unity from above, the peak of the bunch radiation spectrum is near the resonant frequency and can fall into the soft X-ray frequency range due a certain choice of the parameters of the crystalline undulator. In that case, it is necessary to use a low energy relativistic bunch. Method is effective because a fairly dense beam of soft X-ray photons is generated. It is shown the possibility of obtaining monochromatic, intense, directed photon beams in the water window region, important for medical and biological applications.
Análise sobre modelos atômicos em Livros Didáticos de Química segundo a História e Filosofia da Ciência
Authors: Bignardi Camila , Gibin Gustavo Bizarria
Published: July 2021

Nesse artigo os livros didáticos de Química do Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD) 2018 foram analisados em relação ao uso de História e Filosofia da Ciência (HFC) em capítulos sobre modelos atômicos. Foi analisado se o livro didático emprega a HFC, adaptando as propostas de Ternes, Scheid e Gullich (2009) e Vidal e Porto (2017). Foram analisados os seguintes aspectos: as biografias dos cientistas, a descrição e representação dos experimentos, apresentação do aspecto coletivo no desenvolvimento científico, presença de contexto histórico e se foi utilizado o conceito de revoluções científicas de Thomas Kuhn (2013). Foi observado que os livros didáticos apresentam o trabalho dos cientistas como praticamente individual e não é discutido o papel das sociedades científicas no processo de construção da Ciência. O contexto histórico foi pouco empregado para descrever como ocorre o desenvolvimento das teorias científicas. Foi observado que os livros abordaram a HFC de forma muito superficial e o desenvolvimento científico é apresentado apenas como uma construção linear. É importante empregar a HFC de forma mais aprofundada para proporcionar avanços nas concepções dos estudantes sobre a natureza da Ciência.
Public Relations in Hospitals Facing Rumors in Crisis Conditions
Authors: Gader Alnur Babeker Saleh Dr. Abdul
Published: July 2021

Rumors  are one of threatening the of workers in an institution  where it works to revoke disturbance, lack of confidence, dispersion of workers’ efforts and losing their time, moreover, the damage affected to the mental picture of the institution and its reputation; therefore the rumors’ study and its motivations, causes and its influenced factors and how to avoid it are important factors to success of any institution. The study aimed to identify how serious of rumors and its effect on the psychological health of the patient and society in general; and to know the methods and mechanisms used by the public relations directorate in dealing with the rumor when it occurs. The researcher reached some results; the most important of them are that the activities and programs of public relations are serve strengthen the social relationship among employees, except that the public relations directorate does not care to reinforcing the human resources among the employees, moreover, the public relation directorate focused on the ceremony position more than other public relations positions, and there is a proportional increase on the level of knowledge of public relation’s employees about rumors and how to deal with it, as well as the study shows that the rumors are more spread through social media means, and that the most means to deal with rumors by public relations are internet and social media sites and there is shortage represents on carelessness of the public relations directorate to execute researches to identify the trends of public opinions specially “ during and after rumors”.
Pulling Back from Politics: Second Nature and Oikonomia in the Franklin's Tale
Authors: Edmondson George
Published: July 2021

Guided by the scene in the Franklin's Tale where Aurelius is intercepted by the clerk outside of Orléans and redirected to the latter's house, this article argues that the Franklin's Tale deviates from politics in order to facilitate the historical convergence of oikonomia and second nature. In the Franklin's Tale we find ourselves trapped within the second nature produced by oikonomia: the world seems unchangeable only because we have lost sight of its historical character. Meanwhile, the realm of politics—and the authentic freedom it makes possible—hovers just outside the borders of the tale, a destination recalled but never reached. Fortunately, we have Dorigen's meditation on “the grisly feendly rokkes blake” to provide us with a model for the objectification of critical consciousness and thus with an apprehension of freedom. In Dorigen's critical “memory of nature,” we find our emancipation from inert second nature.
Tertiary treatment of dairy industry wastewater with production of Chlorella vulgaris biomass: evaluation of effluent dilution
Authors: Nunes Ivan Venâncio de Oliveira , Inoue Carina Harue Bastos , Rodrigues Sousa Ana Elisa , Carvalho João Carlos Monteiro de , Gomes Andreia Maria da Anunciação , Matsudo Marcelo Chuei
Published: July 2021

Secondary wastewaters from the dairy industry may cause eutrophication of water bodies when not properly treated, mainly because they contain nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Tertiary treatment using microalgae could be an adequate solution for Minas Gerais State, the largest Brazilian milk producer, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts, as well as providing biomass for oil extraction, and obtaining active compounds and inputs (including proteins) for animal feeding. In this work, dilutions (with distilled water) of the secondary wastewater from the dairy industry were evaluated to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris in a bench-scale tubular photobioreactor. Theresults indicate the feasibility of using wastewater from the dairy industry, after secondary treatment, to cultivate microalgae, showing cell growth like that obtained in control cultures (Bold basal medium). The secondary wastewater without dilution (100% wastewater) provided the best condition for biomass production. The biomass obtained in wastewater showed no differences from the biomass obtained in the Bold basal medium (control) in terms of protein, lipid content, or fatty acid profile.
Optimization of palm oil biodiesel production using response surface methodology
Authors: Silva Flávio Castro da , Guardiola Juan Fernando Herrea , Teixeira Luciana Pinto , Maria Ana Caroline Lopes , De Souza Luan Alves , Belém André Luiz
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper was to analyze palm oil biodiesel production under different conditions and to verify the relationships between production variables in order to optimize biofuel production using response surface methodology (RSM). Biodiesel was produced through transesterification process by methyl route and alkali catalyst (NaOH) 1% (m/m). The analyzed variables were: four molar ratios (3:1, 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1); three temperature reactions (45°, 52° and 60°C); and three time reactions (40, 60 and 80 minutes). For the palm oil biodiesel production, the highest yield was 93%, obtained via a molar rate of 3:1, 52°C and 60 minutes. This result differs from previous studies that found a higher yield with molar ratio increases, implying greater expenses of methanol. Kinetic viscosity and specific mass were also analyzed, and the values are within the Brazilian, American, and European standards. The results showed that the most influent factor in biodiesel production was the molar rate. In relation to the biodiesel characterization, using the RMN H1 technique, it was possible to obtain the transesterification reaction yield of 79.50% for the 3:1 palm oil biodiesel. Through gas chromatography, it can be verified that the predominant fatty acids in the samples were palmitic and oleic acids.
Metals bioremediation potential using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Authors: Ansilago Mônica , Ottonelli Franciéli , Carvalho Emerson Machado de
Published: July 2021

Microalgae are unicellular organisms, photosynthesizers that present cell duplication exponentially and biosorption capacity of nutrients dissolved in water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the capacityof the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for bioremediation of metals and salts. In this aspect, the reduction of the metals and salts in the synthetic effluents by the microalga P. subcapitata was evaluated: (T1) culture medium (control); (T2) culture medium contaminated with aluminum chloride; (T3) culture medium contaminated with ferrous sulfate; (T4) culture medium contaminated with zinc sulfate; (T5) culture medium contaminated with the combination of aluminum chloride, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate. The bioremediation process was evaluated by comparing culture media with suspended microalgae to a filtrate version of the same medium. Iron and zinc metals, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus salts, showed depleted values in the filtered medium, indicating efficiency in the treatment of water by microalgae. Aluminum content was below the limit of detection in all treatments. The cumulative values in the microalgae biomass were, in descending order: nitrogen, zinc, iron and phosphorus, thus indicating the assimilation of the contaminants in the algal biomass. In addition, high biomass production of the microalgae was observed. The highest production rate was verified in the synthetic effluent with the association of metals, indicating a synergy between contaminants, which was probably responsible for reducing the toxic effect on the microalgae. These results indicated high potential for bioremediation by microalga P. subcapitata, besides the possibility of using algal biomass for biotechnological applications.
Isotopic variations of carbon and nitrogen and their implications on the conversion of Cerrado vegetation into pasture
Authors: Oliveira Naelmo de Souza , Schiavo Jolimar Antonio , Lima Miriam Ferreira , Laranjeira Lais Thomaz , Nunes Geisielly Pereira , Da Cruz Sidne Canassa
Published: July 2021

Conversions of natural vegetation into pasture can, in a short time, change the carbon stock and the natural abundance of δ13C in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks, as well as in the natural abundance of δ13C and δ15N of Argissolo Vermelho distrófico (Acrisol), in an area of natural vegetation and planted pasture in the Cerrado region of Aquidauana (MS), Brazil. In order to do this, an area of pasture (PA), cultivated for 25 years with Urochloa brizantha, and an area of natural vegetation (NV) were evaluated. Soil samples were collected at intervals of 0.05 m up to 0.60 m depth, and physical attributes, C and N stocks (CSt and NSt) and isotopic variations of δ13C and δ15N of soil were determined. In the 0–0.05 m layer, the highest C and N stocks occurred in NV, 21.99 and 1.9 Mg ha-1, respectively. In the conversion to PA, 14.62 Mg ha-1 of CSt and 1.36 Mg ha-1 of NSt were lost in the 0–0.05 m layer. The area with PA had greater isotopic enrichment of δ13C in the layers of 0–0.05 and 0.05–0.10 m, with values of -18.3 and -17.4‰, respectively, while in the other layers the isotopic values decreased with the mixture between C of C3 and C4 plants. NV showed enrichment in the isotopic signals, in the layers from 0.25–0.30 m up to 0.40–0.45 m, with values between -21.74 and -21.54‰, respectively, which is characteristic of mixed vegetation of C3 and C4 plants. The values of δ15 N showed isotopic enrichment as depth increased, indicating greater mineralization of soil organic matter in both areas. The conversion of Cerrado into pasture and its consequent fragmentation causes negative impacts on the C and N sequestration and storage capacity, both in pasture and in natural vegetation.
Stock and indices of carbon management under different soil use systems
Authors: Morais Diego Henrique de Oliveira , Silva Carla Aparecida da , Rosset Jean Sérgio , Farias Paulo Guilherme da Silva , Souza Camila Beatriz da Silva , Barros Ozório Jefferson Matheus , Castilho Selene Cristina de Pierri , Marra Leandro Marciano
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stock of total organic carbon (TOC) and to perform the physical-granulometric fractionation of soil organic matter (SOM) in different management systems (MS). Three MS and one reference area of Native Forest (NF) were studied, and the three systems were sugarcane (SC), permanent pasture (PP) and no-tillage system (NTS). Soil samples were collected in the 0–0.05, 0.05–0.10, 0.10–0.20-m layers. Soil density (Sd), TOC, stratification index (SI), carbon stock (StockC), variation in StockC (ΔStockC), carbon content of particulate organic matter (C-POM) and mineral organic matter (C-MOM), carbon stock index (CSI), lability (L), lability index (LI), and carbon management index (CMI) were determined. The MS presented higher Sd than the NF area. The NF area had higher TOC contents in the first layers, reaching 25.40 g kg-1 in the 0–0.05-m layer, with the PP area having higher values than the NF in the 0.10–0.20-m layer. The NF area showed the highest levels of C-POM (15.25 g kg-1) and C-MOM (10.15 g kg-1) in the first layer. In the 0.10–0.20-m layer, the PP and NTS systems were superior to the others. Regarding the C-MOM content, SC and PP showed higher levels in the 0.10–0.20-m layer. The highest CMI values were observed in the NTS and PP areas in the 0.10–0.20 m layer. The MS increased the Sd and reduced the TOC levels. The different MS modified the POM fraction, and the MOM fraction was most impacted by the SC area. The lability of the SOM was altered by the MS in the most superficial layers.
Forest fragmentation and its potential implications for the management of the Tarumã-Açu River basin, Central Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Costa Jamerson Souza da , Rodrigues Liange de Sousa , Silva Aline Gabriela Castro da , Reis Thatierlen da Costa , Melo Maria da Glória Gonçalves de , Liberato Maria Astrid Rocha
Published: July 2021

The intensification of deforestation and the consequent fragmentation of the natural landscape in urban and periurban watersheds affect the entire eco-hydrological system, increasing the need to understand how these changes can affect their sustainability. In this sense, the present study evaluated the potential implications of forest fragmentation for the management of the Tarumã-Açu basin, based on the characterization of the structural and functional patterns of the landscape. For this, we mapped and categorized the basin’s forest fragments, based on the supervised classification (Bhattacharyya Method) of Landsat/OLI image, and, subsequently, we calculated the landscape metrics (area, density and size, edge, form, core, isolation and connectivity). The metrics showed a very fragmented landscape, especially in the region of the basin’s low course, which concentrates the smallest, most dispersed, and vulnerable fragments even in conservation units. The headwater region, on the other hand, has the largest patches, with a large amount of central area and high structural and functional connectivity, which are fundamental for the sustainability of the basin and, therefore, deserve attention and prioritization by managers. The results offer important subsidies and unpublished data that can contribute to elaboration of the basin’s management plan and for the definition of conservation and restoration strategies of the forest remnants, indicating priority areas for the implementation of these actions.
Demokratisasi Dalam Politik Kepartaian Islam
Authors: Ummatin Khoiro
Published: July 2021

This paper is the result of a literature search comparing the democracy process to two Islamic parties, the Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) in Indonesia and the Partai Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) in Malaysia. The study confirms that although both of these Islamic parties have a similar struggle, they have a difference in the process of democratization. Similarly, both parties are always experiencing obstacles in every general election in particular regarding the public trust of both parties. PPP in Indonesia on its way has not won the elections, like PAS in Malaysia. PAS in Malaysia is the opposition party against the UMNO party based ethnic (Malay). The study suggested the importance of advanced studies to see comprehensively on the contributions and challenges of the Islamic parties in Indonesia and Malaysia so that studies have a deeper analysis base.
Hadis Azimat Perspektif Semiotik Roland Barthes
Authors: Huda Syafi'ul
Published: July 2021

As a cultured country, the ancestors of the Indonesian people bequeathed a lot of relics that are represented in norms and objects.  Regarding norms, the harmony of the Indonesian nation which is multicultural, multiethnic, and multireligious has become irrefutable evidence.  It is different with relics in the form of material.  Some of them still leave endless debates when they are met with religion.  Amulet, for example, some people consider it as an element of polytheism that must be avoided.  Meanwhile, the majority of the existing community has no problem with its use as long as it is in accordance with the provisions outlined by the pious scholar.  The views of these two groups are based on the same source, namely the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him). Nevertheless, the approaches used in the understanding are completely different, so that they have their own prespective views. The derivation of the passages that appear in the understanding of the two groups into the charts provided by Roland Barthes in his mythical semiology is very helpful for ordinary people to recognize these two views.
Köpeklerde Karaciğer Hasarı ve MikroRNA-122
Authors: SAĞKAN ÖZTÜRK Aliye
Published: July 2021

Genom tarafından kodlanan tek iplikli RNA molekülü olan ve biyolojik süreçlerde rol oynayan mikroRNA'lar, pek çok dokuda ifade edilmekte ve serum düzeyleri doku hasarı hakkında bilgi sağlamaktadır. Bunlardan biri olan miR-122, insanlarda karaciğer hasarından sonra kanda belirlenebilen doğrulanmış bir biyobelirteçtir. İnsanlarda olduğu gibi köpeklerde de klasik karaciğer fonksiyon testleri (aminotransferazlar) özellikle kronik karaciğer hasarını ortaya koymada yetersiz olabilmektedir. Bundan dolayı karaciğer hasarının özellikle ileri ve klinik bulgu göstermeyen dönemde ortaya konulmasında miR-122'nin etkinliği ve bazı köpek karaciğer hastalıklarında yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi veren bu derlemede miR-122'nin güvenilir bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Presentación del director
Authors: Herrero-Olaizola Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Presentación del director
Un territorio acechado: realismo espectral en Fragmentos de Doris Salcedo
Authors: Martínez Juliana
Published: July 2021

Un análisis de Fragmentos (Doris Salcedo, 2018) permite entrever formas en las que el arte puede generar espacios para interrumpir y cuestionar las dinámicas de lo que Philippe Bourgois llama el continuum de violencia en tiempos de paz. Argumento que en Fragmentos esto se logra a través de la movilización de elementos formales asociados a lo que llamo realismo espectral. Es decir, obras que ven el retorno de quienes han sido violentados simbólica, física y sexualmente durante el conflicto armado no como un tema del quehacer artístico, sino como una fuerza disruptiva que lo cuestiona y transforma.
La "verdad verdadera" del duelo: entrevista a la artista Erika Diettes
Authors: Andrade María Mercedes
Published: July 2021

La siguiente entrevista gira en torno a el tema del papel del arte en Colombia en relación con el Conflicto Armado y el Posconflicto. La artista discute temas tales como el lugar de la representación de la violencia, la relación entre el arte y el duelo, la participación de las víctimas en el proceso artístico y la posibilidad de sanación a través del arte.
ESTUDO ECOLÓGICO DA EPIDEMIA HIV/AIDS EM ADULTOS JOVENS: ESTAMOS PREVENINDO OU TRATANDO?
Authors: Limas Flaviane Marizete , Brandão Marlise Lima , Luccas Daiane Siqueira de , Nichiata Lucia Yasuko Izumi , Larocca Liliana Muller , Chaves Maria Marta Nolasco
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico e as condições clínicas, segundo Critério Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adaptado e Rio de Janeiro/Caracas, de jovens de 20 a 29 anos que vivem com HIV/aids notificados em um município da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba-PR, Brasil. Método: estudo ecológico, ancorado na Epidemiologia Crítica, com dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação. Totalizaram 309 notificações de HIV/aids. Para análise, utilizaram-se medidas agregadas calculadas em planilha dinâmica do Excel© 2016.Resultados: dos casos notificados, 60% declararam-se da raça/cor branca; 69% do sexo masculino; 38% com categoria de exposição homossexual; 63% encontravam-se assintomáticos e 92,6% foram definidos pelo critério Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adaptado.Conclusão: entende-se que este estudo contribui para os profissionais de saúde atuarem no sentido de reverter o diagnóstico tardio e prevenirem a transmissão do HIV.
BACTÉRIAS RESISTENTES ISOLADAS DE SUPERFÍCIES INANIMADAS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO
Authors: Corrêa Emanuelle Righetto , Machado Alexandre Paulo , Bortolini Juliano , Miraveti Jocilene De Carvalho , Corrêa Liliana Victorino Alves , Valim Marília Duarte
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: descrever o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de microrganismos presentes em superfícies inanimadas.Método: estudo descritivo, realizado entre fevereiro e junho de 2018. Coletou-se 40 amostras microbiológicas de superfícies da Clínica Médica e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto em um hospital de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A identificação e sensibilidade microbiana foram realizadas através do VITEK-2. A análise dos resultados de resistência foi avaliada conforme as diretrizes do Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.Resultados: foram isolados 32 microrganismos das 22 amostras contaminadas, dentre eles 14 (43,8%) Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, sete (21,9%) Acinetobacter baumanni complex, três (9,4%) Enterobacter aerogenes. Dentre os Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, 11 (78,6%) apresentaram multirresistência a antimicrobianos e três (42,9%) dos isolados de Acinetobacter baumanni complex foram extremamente resistentes.Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade de educação com ênfase na desinfecção correta e frequente de superfícies e na higienização das mãos após tocar o paciente e as superfícies próximas a ele.
FERRAMENTA DE AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE: MAPEAMENTO DE SINAIS CLÍNICOS DE MORTE ENCEFÁLICA
Authors: Knihs Neide Da Silva , Magalhães Aline Lima Pestana , Semeão Michele Cristina Pires , Santos Rosane Lucilene dos , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino de Melo , Barra Daniela Couto Carvalho
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar características dos óbitos e sinais clínicos de morte encefálica dos pacientes com lesão neurológica internados em unidades de pacientes críticos, a partir de ferramenta para apoio na busca ativa.Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado de janeiro a agosto de 2017 nas unidades críticas de dois hospitais do sul brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários de pacientes que evoluíram a óbito utilizando-se instrumento da Organização Nacional de Transplantes da Espanha, analisados pela estatística descritiva.Resultados: os sinais clínicos de morte encefálica identificados antes do óbito foram Glasgow três; reflexos de tosse ausente; hipertensão intracraniana presente, pupilas midriáticas e poliúria. Destacase que 14,8% apresentaram todos os critérios para iniciar o diagnóstico de morte encefálica, mas não foram notificados à Central Estadual de Transplante.Conclusão: os profissionais atuantes nessas unidades devem ter conhecimentos dos sinais clínicos de morte encefálica para que ocorra identificação precoce desses pacientes, consequentemente, aumentando as notificações.
Een voorstel om versneld te procederen in strafzaken bij het Haagse Hof
Authors: Wiersinga H.C. (Hermine)
Published: July 2021

Een voorstel om versneld te procederen in strafzaken bij het Haagse Hof

Is het mogelijkheid de strafprocedure in hoger beroep op innovatieve wijze te verkorten? Hier wordt een voorstel gedaan om op basis van consensualiteit te komen tot afspraken over versnelde afdoening in oude zaken. Het proces moet fair zijn en in lijn met uitgangspunten van het Wetboek van Strafvordering. Afspraken gemaakt tussen openbaar ministerie en verdediging worden voorgelegd aan de rechter. Een ingelaste schriftelijke ronde waarin standpunten worden uitgewisseld, goede planning van openbare (avond)zittingen en strakke handhaving van termijnen moeten daadwerkelijke versnelling mogelijk maken.
Snelrecht: voor elk wat wils, maar wat willen we?
Authors: Lindeman J.M.W. (Joep) , van Lent L. (Leonie) , van der Vorm B. (Benny)
Published: July 2021

Snelrecht: voor elk wat wils, maar wat willen we?

In deze bijdrage staan wij stil bij het snelrecht, een fenomeen dat al lang bekend is in de strafrechtspleging, maar waar tegelijk veel verschillende beelden bij bestaan. Enerzijds wordt snelrecht gezien als hét instrument in de ‘lik-op-stuk’-aanpak. Anderzijds is het een middel om snel en efficiënt strafzaken af te doen en achterstanden weg te werken. Het snelrecht voldoet echter lang niet altijd aan de verwachtingen en is onvoldoende met procedurele waarborgen omkleed. We proberen de (on)mogelijkheden op een rij te zetten.
De tijd heelt alle wonden … maar de littekens blijven
Authors: van Dorst A.J.A. (Leo)
Published: July 2021

De tijd heelt alle wonden … maar de littekens blijven

Van oudsher vervalt na verloop van tijd het recht tot strafvordering. De wettelijke regeling van deze zogeheten vervolgingsverjaring vormt echter allang geen rustig bezit meer. Zij is de laatste decennia zo vaan en zo ingrijpend gewijzigd dat de vraag rijst of ze niet evengoed helemaal kan worden afgeschaft. Dat is de vraag die in dit artikel onder ogen wordt gezien.
De Scheldestad of Manhattan aan de Maas? Een vergelijkende analyse van de Antwerpse en Rotterdamse havens bij de in- en doorvoer van cocaïne
Authors: Staring Richard , Bisschop Lieselot , Colman Charlotte , Janssens Jelle , Roks Robby
Published: July 2021

The Schelde City or Manhattan at the Maas? A comparative analysis of the Ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam regarding the import and distribution of cocaine into Europe

The ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp are among the main European ports of entry for the import and further distribution of cocaine. Earlier research underlines the interchangeability of these ports regarding the criminal networks trafficking cocaine into Europe. In this contribution, the interchange­ability of these European sea ports regarding cocaine trafficking is questioned. Based on empirical research, and applying the routine activity approach, the Port of Rotterdam and the Port of Antwerp are compared with respect to their physical characteristics, the potential, motivated offenders, as well as the existing public and private security measures.
Correlation of fine needle aspiration cytology
with histopathology in patients undergoing
thyroid surgery
Authors: Singh Parampreet , Gupta Nitin , Dass Arjun , Handa Uma , Singhal Surinder
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Thyroid swellings are one of the most common swellings in the neck. They pose a major problem in developing countries like India, considering the high endemicity for iodine deficiency disorders. Thyroid gland is affected in many conditions. Out of these, majority are benign while less than 5% are malignant. Multiple noninvasive and invasive diagnostic tests are available for the diagnosis of thyroid swelling. However, at present, FNAC is considered the gold standard investigation. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity, FNAC has its limitations. Histopathological examination of surgically excised thyroid swelling is the confirmatory gold standard to determine the pathology of the thyroid gland.
Material and method: This prospective and observational study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) in collaboration with the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital and medical school. A total of seventy patients were included.
Results: The diagnosis on FNAC was correlated with histopathology. Statistical analysis showed FNAC had a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 96.7%. However, the overall accuracy in this study was determined to be 95.71%. Results were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The diagnostic role of FNAC in thyroid lesions is of utmost importance in making preoperative diagnosis. FNAC was found to be highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing thyroid lesions but the final HPE is considered as a gold standard.
A rare case of aberrant facial nerve course in the mastoid segment
Authors: Rana Amit Kumar , Khan Mubarak Muhamed , Parab Sapna  Ramakrishna
Published: July 2021

Facial nerve is the main motor supply to the part of facial skeleton system responsible for expressions. The reported rate of iatrogenic injury to the facial nerve in primary mastoid surgeries was 0.6% to 3.7%. Temporal bone is one of the most complex anatomical parts of human body. A variety of facial nerve courses has been described in literature. Normally, horizontal segment of the facial nerve traverses from geniculate ganglion to second genu which is usually situated medial and inferior to lateral semicircular canal. From here it passes posteriorly and laterally along the medial wall of the middle ear. Mastoid or vertical segment extends from the second genu to stylomastoid foramen deep to tympano-mastoid suture line from where the nerve exits out of the temporal bone. During our endoscopic dissection we encountered a grossly anomalous course of facial nerve in which after turning at second genu, the nerve curves posteriorly and lies in the floor of mastoid cavity and traverse’s its whole length of mastoid and instead of moving out of foramen it travels towards sinus plate and then takes another (3rd) turn to travel anteriorly towards the tip of mastoid from where it finally exits.
Prophylactic intra-abdominal drainage following kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zawistowski Michał , Nowaczyk Joanna , Domagała Piotr
Published: July 2021

Introduction: An ongoing debate concerns the need for routine placement of prophylactic intra-abdominal drains following kidney transplantation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether such an approach brings any advantages in the prevention of perirenal transplant fluid collection, surgical site infection, lymphocele, hematoma, urinoma, wound dehiscence, graft loss, and need for reoperation.

Methods: We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of non-randomized studies of intervention comparing drained and drain-free adult renal graft recipients regarding perirenal transplant fluid collection and other wound complications. ROBINS-I tool and funnel plot asymmetry analysis were used to assess the risk of bias.

Results: Five studies at moderate to critical risk of bias were included. A total of 2094 renal graft recipients were evaluated. Our analysis revealed no significant differences between drained and drain-free patients regarding perirenal transplant fluid collection (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-2.17; I2=72%), surgical site infection (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 0.11-24.88; I2=80%), lymphocele (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.02-15.27; I2=0%), hematoma (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.12-3.99; I2=71%), and wound dehiscence (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.21-2.70; I2=0%). There was insufficient data concerning urinoma, graft loss, and need for reoperation.

Conclusions: The available evidence is weak. Our findings show that the use of intra-abdominal drains after kidney transplantation seems to have neither beneficial nor harmful effects on perirenal transplant fluid collection and other wound complications. The present study does not support the routine placement of surgical drains after kidney transplantation.
A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL OBJETIVA E O DANO MORAL PRESUMIDO EM DECORRÊNCIA DO TRATAMENTO INDEVIDO DE DADOS.
Authors: Cardoso João Victor Gontijo
Published: July 2021

A sociedade da informação alterou a forma de relacionamento das pessoas, influenciada diretamente pelo advento da Internet. O referido ambiente é responsável por armazenar inúmeras informações dos usuários, já que é nele que as pessoas se conectam e passam a maior parte do tempo. Os avanços ocorridos pela quarta revolução industrial, que é mercada pela eficiência, impõem novas situações que demandam atenção do Direito, já que os produtos e serviços desenvolvidos utilizam de informações armazenadas em uma base dados sobre os usuários. Nesse contexto, com a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados, a ciência jurídica começa a adentrar neste fresco terreno tecnológico, com a finalidade de tutelar os dados do sujeito de direito, principalmente o direito a privacidade, com fim de minimizar sua vulnerabilidade perante os agentes econômicos. Portanto, neste cenário, no qual pessoas utilizam informações relativas a privacidade e intimidade de outrem, é imprescindível que o instituto da responsabilidade civil esteja bem delineado quando se fala tratamento indevido de dados. Assim, este trabalho, a partir do método dedutivo, buscará demonstrar que a responsabilidade civil dos tratadores de dados é objetiva e que o dano moral causado ao titular dos dados é in re ipsa. Dessa forma, fica um convite aos leitores para novas reflexões sobre o instituto da responsabilidade civil.
Characterization of Acid Impregnated Activated Carbon Developed from Tannery Sludge
Authors: Alagarsamy Geethakarthi
Published: July 2021

The sludge discharged from the preliminary treatment of a tannery effluent plant is considered for the development of activated carbon. The carbon is developed by impregnating the precursor in an acid activating agent (H2SO4). The activation of the preliminary sludge is carried under different operating conditions such as varying temperature (600–800oC) and acid impregnation ratios (1 and 2) for two different particle sizes such as 600 µm and 300 µm. A carbon content of 74% was obtained from the sludge activated at a temperature of 650oC for 3 hrs with particle size 300 µm (3S-52). The characterization of developed tannery sludge carbon 3S-52 was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm plots to analyze the surface morphology and pore size distribution, pore volume and pore diameter. The nitrogen physisorption for surface analysis and pore size distribution was also done at −196oC (77K). The pore volume, pore size and the surface area of 3S-52 were determined as 0.133cm3/g, 5.15 Ao and 212.32 m2/g respectively. These results demonstrated feasibility to treat the tannery sludge as a precursor to produce microporous activated carbons
Integrated Approach of Phytostabilization for Urban Ecosystem Soils Contaminated with Lead
Authors: Yakovyshyna Tetiana
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the creation of a methodological approach and the specific technologies based on it in terms of the phytostabilization of urban soils contaminated with heavy metals, taking into account the peculiarities of urban ecosystems functioning in order to ensure the environmental safety of industrial wastelands. Based on the analysis of existing soil restoration methods, a mechanism for creating an integrated phytostabilization technology was developed by involving the components differing in action, aimed at reducing the migration ability of heavy metals in soil and their translocation into plants. It was suggested to increase the phytoremediation potential of phytostabilizers through the stimulation of internal defence mechanisms of plants, and through additional application of an ameliorant to bind heavy metal cations in soil, as well as through the use of microbiological preparation in order to restore soil protective functions. The practicability of phytostabilization using alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants combined with detoxification with an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and the BTU-r multipurpose biocomplex microbiological preparation was experimentally confirmed by means of an example of lead contamination of urban ecosystem soils in the city of Dnipro. It was concluded that their combination provides the lowest Pb2+ removal from the soil by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants and a significant reduction in the availability of the metal compounds in soil.
Die transatlantischen Beziehungen nach den US-Wahlen vom November 2020: Perspektiven der Wiederannäherung
Authors: Krause Joachim
Published: July 2021

After Joseph R. Biden became President of the United States, transatlantic relations have a good chance to improve considerably. This article asks how much this relationship will develop over the coming years, both in its security and its economic dimension. The transatlantic partnership has always been held together by the common interest of all sides in sticking to and in reforming a rules-based international order. Until 1990, this mainly meant the US security guarantee against Russia and the leading role of the US (together with other G7 nations) in maintaining a global trade and financial system. After the end of the Cold War, the degree of cohesion has become less, but with the re-emergence of a Russian military threat and the rise of China, transatlantic cooperation is more relevant than ever. However, there are two trends working against deeper cooperation: nationalism and the “Make America Great” ideology in the US, and the tendencies of European states - notably Germany - to avoid taking sides in great power competition and to pursue an independent and rather mercantilist policy.
Zur Bundestagswahl 2021: Die Wahlzulassung von Parteien und der Reformbedarf des Verfahrens
Authors: Jäger Martin
Published: July 2021

If a political organization is not yet established (i .e ., represented in federal or regional parliaments), it needs to go through a formal application process, led by the federal returning officer and the federal election committee, to prove the sincerity of its participation in the election and its status as a political party. As documented here the preparation process for federal elections is based purely on habits and lacks legal security and transparency. As a remedy, the author suggests multiple measures. For example, the president of the federal statistical office could be officially nominated as federal returning officer, as has been common practice without legal basis for the last 100 years. Furthermore, it is recommended to reform the proportional representation of the established political parties in the federal election committee. The number of members could be increased to include experts with interdisciplinary expertise. The undefined process for the formal application of non-established political parties ought to be improved by providing a clearly defined framework for the information and documents that are to be handed in for the application.
Migrantisches Engagement auf der politischen Agenda – kommunale Migrationsarbeit zwischen Handlungsspielräumen und Abhängigkeiten
Authors: Freuwört Anke , Westphal Manuela , Alisch Monika , Vogler Jens
Published: July 2021

Migrant*innenselbstorganisationen gelten als Partner im zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagement und damit als Vermittler zwischen Migrant*innen - mit und ohne Fluchterfahrung - und der Politik. Ihr Engagement von und für Migrant*innen hat sich nach 2015 auch und besonders auf die Zielgruppe geflüchteter Menschen gerichtet. Dies wurde durch die Migrations- und Integrationspolitik auf Bundesebene unterstützt. Integrationspolitische Veränderungen führen jeweils zu Veränderungen in der Adressierung und Einbeziehung der selbstorganisierten Migrant*innenvertretungen. Anhand der Ergebnisse aus leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Vertreter*innen von Migrant*innenselbstorganisationen werden in diesem Beitrag unterschiedliche Selbstverständnisse in Bezug auf die Adressierung als relevante institutionelle Akteure beschrieben und das darin deutlich werdende Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Selbstorganisation und kommunaler Migrationsarbeit erörtert.
Transparenz in der Judikative
Authors: Ernst Silvia
Published: July 2021

With the transformation to a constitutional democracy, the continued secrecy of court records has become an exception in need of justification. Nevertheless, court records are still principally excluded from the right of access both in EU and in German law. In an inversion of the historical development, the judiciary has preserved the arcanum of its records. The author questions and denies the legitimacy of this exemption from the freedom of information and makes suggestions to overcome it. The subject of the study is the third-party access to the files of the ECtHR, ECJ, German Constitutional Court and the German administrative courts. The results are relevant to academics, practitioners and legislators.
Anemonenschwert und Lydditgranate
Authors: Berning Matthias
Published: July 2021

Gottfried Benns während des Ersten Weltkriegs entstandenes Werk wird im Kontext von Politik sowie Philosophie- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte analysiert.

Zwei Jahre nach Erscheinen seiner berühmt gewordenen »Morgue«-Gedichte wird Gottfried Benn 1914 als Sanitätsoffizier ins Heer berufen - der Erste Weltkrieg beginnt. Bald darauf in Brüssel stationiert, sucht der Lyriker während der nächsten drei Jahre in Gedichten, Prosa und Kurzdramen nach seiner poetischen Stimme. Er inszeniert diese Entwicklung bis hin zur Geburt des Dichters in seinen literarischen Texten. Matthias Berning analysiert diesen Vorgang anhand der während des Ersten Weltkrieges entstandenen Werke und bettet diese in den historisch-politischen und intellektuellen, problemgeschichtlichen Kontext ein. Benns Metapher des »Anemonenschwerts« steht dabei für die Wehrhaftigkeit der Poesie gegenüber einer fragwürdig gewordenen Wirklichkeit, die »Lydditgranate« für eine schon damals veraltende Technologie in einem Krieg, den Benn in seinen Texten eher in Andeutungen thematisiert. Spannend ist der Widerspruch zwischen seiner Loyalität zur offiziellen Linie des Heers und der Abscheu gegenüber dem selbstherrlichen Habitus seiner Offizierskollegen.
E-Sport Training
Authors: Möckel Markus
Published: July 2021

The textbook Esports Training provides a broad introduction into esports training, methodical knowledge, pedagogical aspects for coaches, sports and compensation exercise, social communicative competencies as well as sports psychological basics. For coaches in esports this book is fundamental to for structured planning of training. With concrete recommendations for action within the different topics it is a must have for everyone who deals with training in esports. With this book, Markus Moeckel as the head of the ESBD-Academy at the German Esports Federation sets a milestone for the development of sustainable training in esports.

With contributions by
Katharina Ahlers, Kristin Banse, Jan Dreier, Martin Fischer, Stefan Ganten, Marc Helbig, Sascha Ketelhut, Jan Köhler, Claudia Kubica, Julian Lagemann, Miriam Langeleh, Thorsten Loch, Marius Loewe, Anna Lisa Martin-Niedecken, Markus Möckel, Martin Müller, Christian Neumeister, Claudio R. Nigg, Christian Reinhardt, Marius Schäffler, Anja Schillhaneck, René Spanier, Matthew Watson, Kevin Westphal, Kati Wiedenbrüg, Jens Wortmann and Lorenzo von Petersdorff.
Bioethics of Brain Computer Interfaces
Authors: Jassim Jawad Akram
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, smart home devices have started to take a part in everything in our life, which mainly have been developed to consist from brain computer interface (BCI). In recent months, Neuralink BCI (1024-Electode) has been approved to be used by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA. That makes the ethical related studies have more attention to apply these devices and technologies in our daily life with more security. In this chapter, the ethical challenges of smart home systems that use BCI for personal monitoring, such as Neuralink Interfaces, have been reviewed, analyzed and discussed regarding the fundamental principles in ‘Statement of Ethical Principles for the Engineering Profession’ of the UK. Firstly, a brief introduction of Neuralink BCI technology and important applications in daily life were discussed with related ethics issues. Then, proposed solutions and recommendations for every situation have been introduced and discussed as well. The main proposed ways to address that are establishing and introducing the related laws and rules, technology development of security and safety, and educate for acceptance culture in the society.
Upper Extremity Entrapment Neuropathy
Authors: Didem Aydin Kabakçi Anil
Published: July 2021

Entrapment neuropathy is a condition characterized by motor, sensory and autonomic deficits that occur as a result of compression of the peripheral nerve at certain points along its anatomical course for different reasons. Although each peripheral nerve has anatomical or compression-appropriate areas, this can occur at any point along the course of the nerve. Entrapment neuropathies usually occur in areas where the nerve passes through a channel consisting of bone and fibrous tissue. External and internal factors play a role in the etiology of entrapment neuropathies. Among the factors that cause neuropathy, anatomical variations, trauma, metabolic diseases, tumors, synovitis and vitamin B6 deficiency are the most common ones.