bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performing Heteroglossia: The Translating Theatre Project in London
Authors: Laera Margherita
Published: August 2018

London is home to more than eight million people, who speak more than three hundred languages, but the representation of this cultural richness and diversity in the theatre of the British capital is far from adequate. London theatre remains predominantly white, British, and middle-class, and performances use the standard London dialect and accent combination. In the first part of this article, I offer a contextualization and classification of types of heteroglossia available to London theatregoers. In the second part, I describe my research project “Translation, Adaptation, Otherness: ‘Foreignisation’ in Theatre Practice.” The aim of the project was to investigate new strategies in theatre translation that would enable us to disrupt audience expectations and challenge ethnocentrism. In the present article, I assess the difficulties we encountered and audiences’ responses to our experiments. The project offered many timely opportunities to interrogate perceptions of “foreignness” among London-based theatre makers, scholars, and spectators immediately following the Brexit referendum vote.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PRESERVAÇÃO E CONSERVAÇÃO DAS ÁREAS ÚMIDAS COMO MECANISMO DE EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL AO MEIO AMBIENTE ECOLOGICAMENTE EQUILIBRADO PARA AS FUTURAS GERAÇÕES
Authors: Darold Fernanda Ribeiro , Irigaray Carlos Teodoro José Hugueney
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar mediante referencial bibliográfico a caracterização das áreas úmidas, enfatizando a sua importância na manutenção da biodiversidade, bem como a necessidade da sua preservação como mecanismo de efetivação do direito constitucional ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado para as futuras gerações, realizando o estudo comparado dos preceitos trazidos pela Convenção das Zonas Úmidas de Importância Internacional (Convenção de Ramsar), a qual se tornou importante instrumento de proteção ambiental, com vistas a promover o uso racional e sustentável destes ecossistemas específicos. 
PRINCÍPIOS DA FUNÇÃO SOCIAL E DA PRESERVAÇÃO DA EMPRESA: PRINCÍPIOS DECORRENTES DA ORDEM ECONÔMICA CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Séllos-Knoerr Viviane Coêlho de , Sampaio Marcelo De Souza , Ferreira Leonardo Sanches
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho visa analisar em que medida o princípio da preservação da empresa, decorrente do princípio da função social empresarial, deve ser entendido como um dos fundamentos da ordem econômica brasileira. Para tanto, a pesquisa iniciará pelo estudo do papel dos princípios norteadores da ordem econômica constitucional. A apresentação pormenorizada de cada um dos princípios é realizada para que a compreensão acerca da posição dos princípios objetos de estudo do presente trabalho reste clara. Analisa-se, então, o princípio da função social empresarial e o princípio da preservação da empresa, com enfoque ao protagonismo social exercido pela empresa privada no campo econômico, bem como a Lei nº 11.101, de 09 de fevereiro de 2005 (Lei de Falências e Recuperação Judicial), que traz expressamente a preservação da empresa como um finalidade a ser alcançada, aliado à função social empresarial. Por fim, demonstra-se em que medida a empresa é instrumento necessário para a própria manutenção do Estado, enquanto elemento indispensável à organização social. Adota-se a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica, embasando-se em obras e textos que versam sobre o tema, além da análise jurisprudencial. 
NEW FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT IN CONDITIONS OF MODERN LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors: Breeva E.M.
Published: August 2018

The article shows the diversity of new forms of employment in modern conditions of management. It is grounded the importance of applying new promising forms in view of increasing labor market flexibility and increasing labor mobility and providing state support for new forms of employment.
From Peace Talks to Operation Zarb-e-Azb: Politics of Consensus Building for Counter-Terrorism
Authors: Naazer Manzoor Ahmad
Published: August 2018

Pakistan faced severe challenges of violent extremism and terrorism after US invasion of Afghanistan. The successive governments pursued both political and military means to bring an end to this problem but to no avail. The war against terrorism was highly unpopular among the people and it was the main cause of failure to combat terrorism. In 2013, the newly formed government led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif decided to give peace a chance after a decision of an All Parties Conference (APC). Consequently, the dialogue process, through the committee members nominated by the government and Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), ensued that kindled the hope of peace and stability in the country. However, the process was crippled after a few months and government launched a military operation against TTP and other militant outfits in the country. The paper explores the factors that lead the government to start peace talks with TTP and analyzes the challenges that dialogue process faced and ultimately caused its failure. Finally, it highlights the benefits, particularly the national consensus to combat terrorism that dialogue process produced despite its failure to bring peace in the country.
Professionalism and performance issues during neurosurgical training and job satisfaction after training: a single training center 50-year experience
Authors: Newman William C. , Chang Yue-Fang , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Neurosurgery is often self-selecting. Concern has been raised that residents in the millennial era (born between 1982 and 2004) may have more serious professionalism and performance issues (PPIs) during training compared to prior trainees. Serious PPIs were defined as concerns that led to specific resident disciplinary actions ranging from initial warnings to termination. In order to evaluate this concern, the authors retrospectively reviewed a 50-year experience at a single training center. They then prospectively surveyed living graduates of the program to assess variations in practice patterns and job satisfaction over 5 decades.

METHODS

The PPIs of 141 residents admitted for training at the University of Pittsburgh (subsequently UPMC) Department of Neurological Surgery were reviewed by decade starting in 1971 when the first department chair was appointed. The review was conducted by the senior author, who served from 1975 to 1980 as a resident, as a faculty member since 1980, and as the resident director since 1986. A review of resident PPIs between 1971 and 1974 was performed in consultation with a senior faculty member active at that time. During the last decade, electronic reporting of PPIs was performed by entry into an electronic reporting system. In order to further evaluate whether the frequency of PPIs affected subsequent job satisfaction and practice patterns after completion of training, the authors surveyed living graduates.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference by decade in serious PPIs. Although millennial residents had no significant increase in the reporting of serious PPIs, the increased use of electronic event reporting over the most recent 2 decades coincided with a trend of increased reporting of all levels of suspected PPIs (p < 0.05). Residents surveyed after completion of training showed no difference by decade in types of practice or satisfaction-based metrics (p > 0.05) but reported increasing concerns related to the impact of their profession on their own lifestyle as well as their family’s.

CONCLUSIONS

There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of serious PPIs over 5 decades of training neurosurgery residents at the authors’ institution. During the millennial era, serious PPIs have not been increasing. However, reporting of all levels of PPIs is increasing coincident with the ease of electronic reporting. There was remarkably little variance in satisfaction metrics or type of practice over the 5 decades studied.
Robot-guided pediatric stereoelectroencephalography: single-institution experience
Authors: Ho Allen L. , Muftuoglu Yagmur , Pendharkar Arjun V. , Sussman Eric S. , Porter Brenda E. , Halpern Casey H. , Grant Gerald A.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has increased in popularity for localization of epileptogenic zones in drug-resistant epilepsy because safety, accuracy, and efficacy have been well established in both adult and pediatric populations. Development of robot-guidance technology has greatly enhanced the efficiency of this procedure, without sacrificing safety or precision. To date there have been very limited reports of the use of this new technology in children. The authors present their initial experience using the ROSA platform for robot-guided SEEG in a pediatric population.

METHODS

Between February 2016 and October 2017, 20 consecutive patients underwent robot-guided SEEG with the ROSA robotic guidance platform as part of ongoing seizure localization and workup for medically refractory epilepsy of several different etiologies. Medical and surgical history, imaging and trajectory plans, as well as operative records were analyzed retrospectively for surgical accuracy, efficiency, safety, and epilepsy outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 222 leads were placed in 20 patients, with an average of 11.1 leads per patient. The mean total case time (± SD) was 297.95 (± 52.96) minutes and the mean operating time per lead was 10.98 minutes/lead, with improvements in total (33.36 minutes/lead vs 21.76 minutes/lead) and operative (13.84 minutes/lead vs 7.06 minutes/lead) case times/lead over the course of the study. The mean radial error was 1.75 (± 0.94 mm). Clinically useful data were obtained from SEEG in 95% of cases, and epilepsy surgery was indicated and performed in 95% of patients. In patients who underwent definitive epilepsy surgery with at least a 3-month follow-up, 50% achieved an Engel class I result (seizure freedom). There were no postoperative complications associated with SEEG placement and monitoring.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the authors demonstrate that rapid adoption of robot-guided SEEG is possible even at a SEEG-naïve institution, with minimal learning curve. Use of robot guidance for SEEG can lead to significantly decreased operating times while maintaining safety, the overall goals of identification of epileptogenic zones, and improved epilepsy outcomes.
Perilesional edema associated with an intracranial calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis in a child: case report and review of imaging features
Authors: Safaee Michael M. , Jonzzon Soren , López Giselle Y. , Asaikar Shailesh , Tihan Tarik , Glenn Orit A. , Gupta Nalin
Published: August 2018

Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNONs) are rare, nonneoplastic lesions of the CNS. Their radiographic features have been well described, with prominent calcifications seen on CT imaging and generally uniform hypointensity on T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences, with variable patterns of contrast enhancement. They are not associated with significant perilesional edema. The authors present an unusual case of an 8-year-old boy who was found to have a 2.5-cm right frontal mass that demonstrated reduced signal on T2-weighted sequences, heterogeneous contrast enhancement, and extensive perilesional edema on MRI sequences. The differential diagnoses included a chronic infection or neoplasm. He underwent gross-total resection of a firm, calcified mass that had clear boundaries between it and the surrounding gliotic brain. Pathological analysis demonstrated a well-circumscribed lesion with islands of lamellar calcifications and intervening spindle cells, consistent with a CAPNON. At 8 months after surgery the patient remained seizure free, and MRI revealed no evidence of residual lesion and significant improvement in perilesional edema. This particular case highlights the potential for unusual presentation of CAPNON and the rare presence of perilesional edema.
Indirect revascularization with the dural inversion technique for pediatric moyamoya disease: 20-year experience
Authors: Gadgil Nisha , Lam Sandi , Pyarali Monika , Paldino Michael , Pan I-Wen , Dauser Robert C.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Numerous surgical procedures facilitate revascularization of the ischemic brain in patients with moyamoya disease. Dural inversion is a technique in which flaps of dura mater centered around the middle meningeal artery are inverted, encouraging the formation of a rich collateral blood supply. This procedure has been used in combination with encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for more than 20 years at the authors’ institution for the treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and radiographic outcomes for a cohort of consecutive pediatric moyamoya patients undergoing dural inversion.

METHODS

Clinical and radiographic data on patients who had undergone dural inversion in the period from 1997 to 2016 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess the risk of postoperative stroke, functional outcome, and the angiographic degree of revascularization.

RESULTS

Dural inversion was performed on 169 hemispheres in 102 patients. Median follow-up was 4.3 years. Six patients (3.6% of hemispheres) suffered postoperative ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Overall mortality was 1.0%. Good postoperative neurological status (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≤ 2) was observed in 90 patients (88%); preoperative and postoperative mRS scores showed significant improvement (p < 0.001). Eighty-six percent of hemispheres had Matsushima grade A or B revascularization. Younger age was associated with postoperative stroke and poor functional outcome. Patients with secondary moyamoya syndrome had a significantly worse radiographic outcome. The cumulative 5-year Kaplan-Meier risk for stroke was 6.4%.

CONCLUSIONS

Dural inversion is a useful technique of cerebral revascularization in pediatric moyamoya disease. A 20-year experience demonstrates the safety and efficacy of this technique with a relatively low rate of postoperative stroke, good functional outcomes, and favorable angiographic results.
APLIKASI BERBASIS WEB UNTUK PEMASARAN DAN RESERVASI THE WING ED HOTEL POLITEKNIK NEGERI BALI
Authors: Putra I Gusti Agung Sadnyana
Published: August 2018

Jurusan Pariwisata Politeknik Negeri telah memiliki sebuah hotel edukasi bernama The Wing Ed (Widya Nusa Graha Education) Hotel, yakni sebuah hotel yang dikelola secara komersial oleh Jurusan Pariwisata tetapi dioperasikan sepenuhnya menggunakan tenaga dosen maupun mahasiswa. Pemasaran The Wing Ed Hotel selama ini dilakukan hanya menggunakan metode konvensional, yaitu menggunakan brosur atau email dan presentasi pada beberapa travel agent serta pertemuan kepariwisataan lainnya. Pemasaran dengan metode konvensional ini memiliki keterbatasan jangkauan dan akses sehingga berdampak kurang optimumnya tingkat hunian hotel. Selain itu, sistem pemesanan kamar dilakukan juga secara manual dan terpisah dengan sistem pemasarannya. Artikel ini menjabarkan pengembangan sistem informasi terintegrasi dalam marketing dan reservasi berbasis website. Dengan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi  berupa pembuatan website, maka banyak keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh, antara lain kemudahan akses informasi dan tidak terbatas waktu akses. Hal ini disebabkan karena internet dapat diakses setiap saat dari setiap titik di dunia ini, baik menggunakan komputer, tablet atau smartphone. Keuntungan-keuntungan ini sangat berarti karena pangsa pasar menjadi lebih luas ke seluruh dunia yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan tingkat hunian hotel sehingga meningkatkan operasional dan pendapatan hotel.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP HAK IMUNITAS ADVOKAT DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Arif Kamal
Published: August 2018

AbstrakAdvokat adalah profesi hukum yang terhormat (officium mobile) dimana tatacara pekerjaannya diatur dalam Kode Etik Profesi Advokat dan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat. Dalam Undang-Undang tersebut, Advokat memiliki hak-hak hukum yang menjadikan dirinya imun dari upaya hukum atas hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan Advokatnya. Hak imunitas ini penting berkaitan atas perannya dalam proses penegakan hukum dan hak entitasnya yang secara mandiri terpisah dari klien. Untuk menjaga Hak Imunitas terhadap advokat berdasarkan Undang-Undang no. 18 tahun 2003 tentang advokat dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor 26/PUU-XI/2013 agar bebas menjalankan profesinya sebagai penegak hukum di Indonesia demi kepentingan klien dengan itikad baik. Kata Kunci: Advokat, Hak Imunitas, Penegakan Hukum Pidana AbstractAdvocates as set in regulation number 18 year 2003 describes that advocates are known to be a very noble profession of law and called as the honorable profession (Officium Nobile). It is stated that advocates have the rights and immunity regarding to their duties and profession as advocates. This immunity right is important for advocates as law enforcement and their entity rights which stand separately from the clients.In addition, the immunity right based on law number 18 year 2003 on advocates and decision of Supreme Court number 26/PUU-XI/2013 determined the liberty of advocates  as the law enforcement in Indonesia  to do their duties in the best interests of the client  in good faith. Keywords: Advocates, Immunity Right, Criminal Law Enforcement
PERAN KEPALA MADRASAH SEBAGAI EDUCATOR, MOTIVATOR, INOVATOR DAN SUPERVISOR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALITAS GURU PAI
Authors: . Sahri
Published: August 2018

AbstrakKepala Madrasah merupakan orang yang memiliki tenaga fungsional guru yang bertugas sebagai pemimpin dilembaga pendidikan, yang menyelenggarakan sebuah kegiatan belajar mengajar sehingga terjadinya interaksi antara seorang murid dan guru. Akan tetapi, kepala madrasah masih belum melaksanakn tugasnya dengan baik. Apabila Madrasah ingin mencapai tujuan yang direncanakan, seorang kepala madrasah harus menciptakan dan menjadikan guru sebagai guru yang professional serta bertanggungjawab atas pembelajaran. Dengan adanya guru yang professional, dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar akan menjadi mudah, efektif dan efisien serta memiliki output yang luar biasa baik segi ilmu umum maupun ilmu agama. Oleh karena itu, maka madrasah membutuhkan guru PAI yang berkualitas dan professional. Karena dengan adanya guru yang professional akan menjadikan madrasahan lebih disiplin. Oleh sebab itu, seorang kepala madrasah sebagai educator, motivator, innovator dan supervisor dalam lembaga pendidikan dituntut untuk memfasilitasi dan mengambangkan serta melengkapi kebutuhan agar menjadi guru yang profesional. Kata Kunci :Kepala Madrasah, motivator, Inovator, Profesional guru        Abstract The principal is a person who has a functional position as teacher and served as a leader in educational institutions, which organizes a teaching and learning activities so that the interaction between student dan teacher are occur. However, the principal still has not done a good job. If the school want to achieve its intended purpose, a principal must create dan make the teacher to be a professional teacher and responsible for learning. With the existence of a professional teacher in teaching and learning acitivities will be easy, effective and efficient and has a remarkable output. Therefore, the school requires Islamic education teacher whose qualified and professional. Because with the existence of a professional teacher will make the school more disciplined. Therefore, a principal as an educator, motivator, innovator and supervisor in educational institution is required to facilitate, develop and complement the need to become a professional teacher.Keyword:  Principal, Motivator, Innovator, Teacher professional.
Estimation method for electronic tag emission power in the RFID positioning system
Authors: Weibin Ou
Published: August 2018

RFID positioning system plays an important role in the management of electronic tag lifecycle and safety monitoring. The traditional estimation methods for electronic tag emission power are relatively low in precision and require setting large numbers of reference tags. Therefore, a new method of electronic tag emission power estimation in the RFID positioning system is proposed in this paper. In the electronic tag of the RFID positioning system, it is required that the radio link between the reader and the electronic tags should pass through the air and electronic tags. And the path loss mainly includes the reflection loss between the air-electronic tags interface and attenuation in the electronic tags. Based on the boundary conditions between the electronic tag emission frequency and the air-electronic tag interface, comparison measurement method for the electronic tag emission frequency of the open-ended coaxial probe is used to establish the electronic tag emission power estimation model in the RFID positioning system. The numerical analysis shows that the used electronic tag emission frequency comparison measurement has small measurement error, with the absolute value of the measured and simulated reflection coefficient difference less than 0.04. This algorithm has improved the precision of the measured emission power, reduced the work load for setting reference tags, and also provided a reference for the design of electronic tag monitoring system in the RFID positioning system.
A novel tool for evaluating non-cognitive traits of doctor of physical therapy learners in the United States
Authors: Roll Marcus , Canham Lara , Salamh Paul , Covington Kyle , Simon Corey , Cook Chad
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop a survey addressing an individual’s non-cognitive traits, such as emotional intelligence, interpersonal skills, social intelligence, psychological flexibility, and grit. Such a tool would provide beneficial information for the continued development of admissions standards and would help better capture the full breadth of experience and capabilities of applicants applying to doctor of physical therapy (DPT) programs. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study involving learners in DPT programs at 3 academic institutions in the United States. A survey was developed based on established non-proprietary, non-cognitive measures affiliated with success and resilience. The survey was assessed for face validity, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify subgroups of factors based on responses to the items. Results: A total of 298 participants (90.3%) completed all elements of the survey. EFA yielded 39 items for dimensional assessment with regression coefficients < 0.4. Within the 39 items, 3 latent constructs were identified: adaptability (16 items), intuitiveness (12 items), and engagement (11 items). Conclusion: This preliminary non-cognitive assessment survey will be able to play a valuable role in DPT admissions decisions following further examination and refinement.
Successful Human Resources Management Factors in International Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez José-Luis , Mora-Valentín Eva-María , Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado Marta
Published: August 2018

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have received a great deal of attention in academic literature but the role of human resources management in M&A success is still understudied. Of the three stages identified in a merger and acquisition process (planning, integration and implementation), most research focuses on the planning and integration stages. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyse the main factors that determine the success of HR management in the implementation stage of an international M&A operation: consolidate leadership; human resource provision and evaluation; structure, strategy and culture evaluation; and control of the merger and acquisition process. With this objective, we developed a case study of a multinational company that operates in the mechanical engineering sector. The results illustrate the main factors, human resource practices, and human resources management and behaviour outcomes undertaken by a multinational company during the M&A implementation stage. The case study allows researchers to learn from professionals and business leaders and presents a roadmap that can be considered to manage HR in the M&A process.
Silver Nanoparticles and Polyphenol Inclusion Compounds Composites for Phytophthora cinnamomi Mycelial Growth Inhibition
Authors: Matei Petruta Mihaela , Martín-Gil Jesús , Michaela Iacomi Beatrice , Pérez-Lebeña Eduardo , Barrio-Arredondo María Teresa , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: August 2018

Phytophthora cinnamomi, responsible for “root rot” or “dieback” plant disease, causes a significant amount of economic and environmental impact. In this work, the fungicide action of nanocomposites based on silver nanoparticles and polyphenol inclusion compounds, which feature enhanced bioavailability and water solubility, was assayed for the control of this soil-borne water mold. Inclusion compounds were prepared by an aqueous two-phase system separation method through extraction, either in an hydroalcoholic solution with chitosan oligomers (COS) or in a choline chloride:urea:glycerol deep eutectic solvent (DES). The new inclusion compounds were synthesized from stevioside and various polyphenols (gallic acid, silymarin, ferulic acid and curcumin), in a [6:1] ratio in the COS medium and in a [3:1] ratio in the DES medium, respectively. Their in vitro response against Phytophthora cinnamomi isolate MYC43 (at concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 µg·mL−1) was tested, which found a significant mycelial growth inhibition, particularly high for the composites prepared using DES. Therefore, these nanocomposites hold promise as an alternative to fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl conventional systemic fungicides.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Baltimore, Maryland, 2016: The Importance of Sentinel Surveillance in the Era of Multi-Drug-Resistant Gonorrhea
Authors: Melendez Johan H. , Hardick Justin , Barnes Mathilda , Page Kathleen R. , Gaydos Charlotte A.
Published: August 2018

The increasing rates of gonorrhea infections and the global emergence and spread of multi-drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) threaten the successful management of gonorrhea. In the era of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), surveillance projects are urgently needed to monitor prevalence and trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of NG. In this study, we retrospectively determined the susceptibility profile of NG isolates to previously and currently prescribed antimicrobials. NG isolates collected in Baltimore, Maryland between January and October 2016 were evaluated by the E-test method and/or molecular methods for susceptibility to ceftriaxone, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and penicillin. One-hundred and forty-three NG isolates from African-American males (98.6%), primarily heterosexual (88.8%), ranging in age from 15 to 69 years of age were included in the study. Ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in 44.1% of isolates. Plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin and tetracycline resistance was detected in 22.4% and 10.1% of isolates, respectively. Three isolates (2.1%) displayed high-level resistance to azithromycin (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 256 μg/mL). Forty-three percent of isolates were resistant or had decreased susceptibility to three antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and penicillin). All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and gentamicin. Overall, the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant NG in Baltimore continues to evolve, and the emergence of azithromycin resistance in this population emphasizes the need for continued sentinel surveillance programs to monitor susceptibility trends and aid in treatment recommendations.
Photoelectrochemical Device Designs toward Practical Solar Water Splitting: A Review on the Recent Progress of BiVO4 and BiFeO3 Photoanodes
Authors: Jeong Sang Yun , Song Jaesun , Lee Sanghan
Published: August 2018

Solar-driven water splitting technology is considered to be a promising solution for the global energy challenge as it is capable of generating clean chemical fuel from solar energy. Various strategies and catalytic materials have been explored in order to improve the efficiency of the water splitting reaction. Although significant progress has been made, there are many intriguing fundamental phenomena that need to be understood. Herein, we review recent experimental efforts to demonstrate enhancement strategies for efficient solar water splitting, especially for the light absorption, charge carrier separation, and water oxidation kinetics. We also focus on the state of the art of photoelectrochemical (PEC) device designs such as application of facet engineering and the development of a ferroelectric-coupled PEC device. Based on these experimental achievements, future challenges, and directions in solar water splitting technology will be discussed.
A Solar–Thermal-Assisted Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System and Its Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaotao , Zhang Tong , Xue Xiaodai , Chen Laijun , Li Qingsong , Mei Shengwei
Published: August 2018

Adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) is an effective balancing technique for the integration of renewables and peak-shaving due to the large capacity, high efficiency, and low carbon use. Increasing the inlet air temperature of turbine and reducing the compressor power consumption are essential to improving the efficiency of A-CAES. This paper proposes a novel solar–thermal-assisted A-CAES system (ST-CAES), which features a higher inhale temperature of the turbine to improve the system efficiency. Solar–thermal energy, as an external thermal source, can alleviate the inadequate temperature of the thermal energy storage (TES), which is constrained by the temperature of the exhaust air of the compressor. Energy and exergy analyses were performed to identify ST-CAES performance, and the influence of key parameters on efficiency were studied. Furthermore, exergy efficiency and the destruction ratio of each component of ST-CAES were investigated. The results demonstrate that electricity storage efficiency, round-trip efficiency, and exergy efficiency can reach 70.2%, 61%, and 50%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed system has promising prospects in cities with abundant solar resources owing to its high efficiency and the ability to jointly supply multiple energy needs.
Vibration-Based Bearing Fault Detection and Diagnosis via Image Recognition Technique Under Constant and Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Hamadache Moussa , Lee Dongik , Mucchi Emiliano , Dalpiaz Giorgio
Published: August 2018

This paper addresses the application of an image recognition technique for the detection and diagnosis of ball bearing faults in rotating electrical machines (REMs). The conventional bearing fault detection and diagnosis (BFDD) methods rely on extracting different features from either waveforms or spectra of vibration signals to detect and diagnose bearing faults. In this paper, a novel vibration-based BFDD via a probability plot (ProbPlot) image recognition technique under constant and variable speed conditions is proposed. The proposed technique is based on the absolute value principal component analysis (AVPCA), namely, ProbPlot via image recognition using the AVPCA (ProbPlot via IR-AVPCA) technique. A comparison of the features (images) obtained: (1) directly in the time domain from the original raw data of the vibration signals; (2) by capturing the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of the vibration signals; or (3) by generating the probability plot (ProbPlot) of the vibration signals as proposed in this paper, is considered. A set of realistic bearing faults (i.e., outer-race fault, inner-race fault, and balls fault) are experimentally considered to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed ProbPlot via the IR-AVPCA method.
A New Method for Active Cancellation of Engine Order Noise in a Passenger Car
Authors: Lee Sang-Kwon , Lee Seungmin , Back Jiseon , Shin Taejin
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a novel active noise cancellation (ANC) method to reduce the engine noise inside the cabin of a car. During the last three decades, many methods have been developed for the active control of a quasi-stationary narrowband sinusoidal signal. However, since the interior noise signal is non-stationary with a fast frequency variation when the car accelerates rapidly, these methods cannot stably reduce the interior noise. The proposed method can reduce the interior noise stably even if the speed of the car is changed quickly. The method uses an adaptive filter with an optimal weight vector for the active control of such an engine noise. The method of determining the optimal weight vector of an adaptive filter is demonstrated. In order to validate the advantages of the proposed method, a conventional method and the proposed method are simulated with three synthesized signals. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the cancellation of booming noise in a sport utility vehicle. We demonstrate that the performance of the ANC system with the proposed algorithm is excellent for the attenuation of engine noise inside the cabin of a car.
Evaluation of the Undrained Shear Strength of Organic Soils from a Dilatometer Test Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Lechowicz Zbigniew , Fukue Masaharu , Rabarijoely Simon , Sulewska Maria Jolanta
Published: August 2018

The undrained shear strength of organic soils can be evaluated based on measurements obtained from the dilatometer test using single- and multi-factor empirical correlations presented in the literature. However, the empirical methods may sometimes show relatively high values of maximum relative error. Therefore, a method for evaluating the undrained shear strength of organic soils using artificial neural networks based on data obtained from a dilatometer test and organic soil properties is presented in this study. The presented neural network, with an architecture of 5-4-1, predicts the normalized undrained shear strength based on five independent variables: the normalized net value of a corrected first pressure reading (po − uo)/σ′v, the normalized net value of a corrected second pressure reading (p1 − uo)/σ′v, the organic content Iom, the void ratio e, and the stress history indictor (oc or nc). The neural model presented in this study provided a more reliable prediction of the undrained shear strength in comparison to the empirical methods, with a maximum relative error of ±10%.
Single-Valued Neutrosophic Clustering Algorithm Based on Tsallis Entropy Maximization
Authors: Li Qiaoyan , Ma Yingcang , Smarandache Florentin , Zhu Shuangwu
Published: August 2018

Data clustering is an important field in pattern recognition and machine learning. Fuzzy c-means is considered as a useful tool in data clustering. The neutrosophic set, which is an extension of the fuzzy set, has received extensive attention in solving many real-life problems of inaccuracy, incompleteness, inconsistency and uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a new clustering algorithm, the single-valued neutrosophic clustering algorithm, which is inspired by fuzzy c-means, picture fuzzy clustering and the single-valued neutrosophic set. A novel suitable objective function, which is depicted as a constrained minimization problem based on a single-valued neutrosophic set, is built, and the Lagrange multiplier method is used to solve the objective function. We do several experiments with some benchmark datasets, and we also apply the method to image segmentation using the Lena image. The experimental results show that the given algorithm can be considered as a promising tool for data clustering and image processing.
Magnetoencephalography: Clinical and Research Practices
Authors: Stapleton-Kotloski Jennifer R. , Kotloski Robert J. , Popli Gautam , Godwin Dwayne W.
Published: August 2018

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a neurophysiological technique that detects the magnetic fields associated with brain activity. Synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM), a MEG magnetic source imaging technique, can be used to construct both detailed maps of global brain activity as well as virtual electrode signals, which provide information that is similar to invasive electrode recordings. This innovative approach has demonstrated utility in both clinical and research settings. For individuals with epilepsy, MEG provides valuable, nonredundant information. MEG accurately localizes the irritative zone associated with interictal spikes, often detecting epileptiform activity other methods cannot, and may give localizing information when other methods fail. These capabilities potentially greatly increase the population eligible for epilepsy surgery and improve planning for those undergoing surgery. MEG methods can be readily adapted to research settings, allowing noninvasive assessment of whole brain neurophysiological activity, with a theoretical spatial range down to submillimeter voxels, and in both humans and nonhuman primates. The combination of clinical and research activities with MEG offers a unique opportunity to advance translational research from bench to bedside and back.
From a Sequential Chemo-Enzymatic Approach to a Continuous Process for HMF Production from Glucose
Authors: Gimbernat Alexandra , Guehl Marie , Lopes Ferreira Nicolas , Heuson Egon , Dhulster Pascal , Capron Mickael , Dumeignil Franck , Delcroix Damien , Girardon Jean-Sébastien , Froidevaux Rénato
Published: August 2018

Notably available from the cellulose contained in lignocellulosic biomass, glucose is a highly attractive substrate for eco-efficient processes towards high-value chemicals. A recent strategy for biomass valorization consists on combining biocatalysis and chemocatalysis to realise the so-called chemo-enzymatic or hybrid catalysis. Optimisation of the glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is the object of many research efforts. HMF can be produced by chemo-catalyzed fructose dehydration, while fructose can be selectively obtained from enzymatic glucose isomerization. Despite recent advances in HMF production, a fully integrated efficient process remains to be demonstrated. Our innovative approach consists on a continuous process involving enzymatic glucose isomerization, selective arylboronic-acid mediated fructose complexation/transportation, and chemical fructose dehydration to HMF. We designed a novel reactor based on two aqueous phases dynamically connected via an organic liquid membrane, which enabled substantial enhancement of glucose conversion (70%) while avoiding intermediate separation steps. Furthermore, in the as-combined steps, the use of an immobilized glucose isomerase and an acidic resin facilitates catalyst recycling.
Chemokine Receptors and Exercise to Tackle the Inadequacy of T Cell Homing to the Tumor Site
Authors: Idorn Manja , Thor Straten Per
Published: August 2018

While cancer immune therapy has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic disease across a wide range of cancer diagnoses, a major limiting factor remains with regard to relying on adequate homing of anti-tumor effector cells to the tumor site both prior to and after therapy. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous T cells have improved the outlook of patients with metastatic melanoma. Prior to the approval of checkpoint inhibitors, this strategy was the most promising. However, while response rates of up to 50% have been reported, this strategy is still rather crude. Thus, improvements are needed and within reach. A hallmark of the developing tumor is the evasion of immune destruction. Achieved through the recruitment of immune suppressive cell subsets, upregulation of inhibitory receptors and the development of physical and chemical barriers (such as poor vascularization and hypoxia) leaves the microenvironment a hostile destination for anti-tumor T cells. In this paper, we review the emerging strategies of improving the homing of effector T cells (TILs, CARs, TCR engineered T cells, etc.) through genetic engineering with chemokine receptors matching the chemokines of the tumor microenvironment. While this strategy has proven successful in several preclinical models of cancer and the strategy has moved into the first phase I/II clinical trial in humans, most of these studies show a modest (doubling) increase in tumor infiltration of effector cells, which raises the question of whether road blocks must be tackled for efficient homing. We propose a role for physical exercise in modulating the tumor microenvironment and preparing the platform for infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells. In a time of personalized medicine and genetic engineering, this “old tool” may be a way to augment efficacy and the depth of response to immune therapy.
Invasive-Plant-Removal Frequency—Its Impact on Species Spread and Implications for Further Integration of Forest-Management Practices
Authors: Wolde Bernabas , Lal Pankaj
Published: August 2018

For a given invasive plant species and control method, effective invasive plant eradication requires regular monitoring and management. While most previous studies characterize invasive plant species, develop appropriate control methods, or prioritize species for management using aggressiveness and other considerations, few study why some forestland owners are less likely than others to regularly remove invasive plant species. Such information is useful in prioritizing and targeting forestland owners who are at greater risk for invasion, with the stands threatening adjacent forestlands. Towards this end, we surveyed 1800 forestland owners in Virginia and Texas. We use data on forestland owners’ socioeconomics and forestland features—such as acreage, forestland ownership objectives, and forest management activities—to determine how these factors affect the regularity of invasive-plant removal. For these purposes, we used the Cochran–Armitage trend test, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszal regression, odds ratio estimates, and partition-analysis techniques. Our results suggest that female forestland owners, owners with smaller forestlands, and forestland owners without written forest-management plans are less likely than others to regularly remove invasive plant species. Forest-management activities, such as building/maintaining roads in the forestland, partially harvesting stands, and wildlife- and fisheries-improvement projects, also significantly predict a more regular invasive-plant-removal tendency. However, since these activities are potential pathways for the spread of invasive plant species, we controlled for the other significant covariates and measured the relationship between frequent practice of the given forest-management activities and having a tendency to regularly remove invasive plant species. The results suggest that forestland owners that regularly practiced the said forest-management activities have higher odds for tending to remove invasive plant species regularly, suggesting that, despite their demonstrated effort at removing invasive plant species from their forest, their management activities may be inadvertently contributing to the spread of invasive plant species. These results highlight the importance of integrating invasive-plant-removal plans with forest-management plans as well as forestland owners’ educational and outreach needs.
Preferences for Urban Building Materials: Does Building Culture Background Matter? †
Authors: Høibø Olav , Hansen Eric , Nybakk Erlend , Nygaard Marius
Published: August 2018

A fast-growing global population, increasing urbanization, and an increasing flow of people with different building cultural backgrounds bring material use in the housing sector into focus. The aim of this study is to identify material preferences in the building environment in cities and to determine if the building cultural background impacts those preferences. The data in this study consisted of responses from two groups of dwellers in Norway, including immigrants from countries where wood is an uncommon building material and native Norwegians from a building culture where wood is common. We found that the most preferred materials were often the same as the most common materials currently used in city buildings. Only small differences were found between the two groups of dwellers that were studied. Most differences were related to concerns about material choice in general and where individuals wanted to live. Respondents who preferred city living preferred commonly used city materials, such as concrete and steel. For cladding materials, stone/bricks were the most preferred. However, stained or painted wood was one of the most preferred, even though it is not commonly used in city buildings.
Application of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Isolated from Kombucha in the Production of Alcohol-Free Beer
Authors: Bellut Konstantin , Michel Maximilian , Zarnkow Martin , Hutzler Mathias , Jacob Fritz , De Schutter David , Daenen Luk , Lynch Kieran , Zannini Emanuele , Arendt Elke
Published: August 2018

Alcohol-free beer (AFB) is no longer just a niche product in the beer market. For brewers, this product category offers economic benefits in the form of a growing market and often a lower tax burden and enables brewers to extend their product portfolio and promote responsible drinking. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are known for their flavor-enhancing properties in food fermentations, and their prevailing inability to ferment maltose and maltotriose sets a natural fermentation limit and can introduce a promising approach in the production of AFB (≤0.5% v/v). Five strains isolated from kombucha, Hanseniaspora valbyensis, Hanseniaspora vineae, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis were compared to a commercially applied AFB strain Saccharomycodes ludwigii and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae brewer’s yeast. The strains were characterized for their sugar utilization, phenolic off-flavors, hop sensitivity and flocculation. Trial fermentations were analyzed for extract reduction, ethanol formation, pH drop and final beers were analyzed for amino acids utilization and fermentation by-products. The performance of non-Saccharomyces strains and the commercial AFB strain were comparable during fermentation and production of fermentation by-products. An experienced sensory panel could not discriminate between the non-Saccharomyces AFB and the one produced with the commercial AFB strain, therefore indicating their suitability in AFB brewing.
A Fast and Lightweight Method with Feature Fusion and Multi-Context for Face Detection
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhi Xiaoli
Published: August 2018

Convolutional neural networks (CNN for short) have made great progress in face detection. They mostly take computation intensive networks as the backbone in order to obtain high precision, and they cannot get a good detection speed without the support of high-performance GPUs (Graphics Processing Units). This limits CNN-based face detection algorithms in real applications, especially in some speed dependent ones. To alleviate this problem, we propose a lightweight face detector in this paper, which takes a fast residual network as backbone. Our method can run fast even on cheap and ordinary GPUs. To guarantee its detection precision, multi-scale features and multi-context are fully exploited in efficient ways. Specifically, feature fusion is used to obtain semantic strongly multi-scale features firstly. Then multi-context including both local and global context is added to these multi-scale features without extra computational burden. The local context is added through a depthwise separable convolution based approach, and the global context by a simple global average pooling way. Experimental results show that our method can run at about 110 fps on VGA (Video Graphics Array)-resolution images, while still maintaining competitive precision on WIDER FACE and FDDB (Face Detection Data Set and Benchmark) datasets as compared with its state-of-the-art counterparts.