bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor alpha‐mediated mitochondrial damage in intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells leading to the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Liang Mengting , Ye Siwen , Jing Rubin , Zhu Bukun , Yuan Wenjie , Chu Xi , Li Ying , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the effects of estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) on the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in human intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (HiBECs). The researchers measured serum levels of ERα, oxidative stress indicators, and cytokines in PBC patients and healthy controls. They examined the expression of ERα, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2‐component (PDC‐E2), and apoptosis‐related proteins in the small bile ducts. In vitro experiments with HiBECs showed that estrogen had a dual effect on cell viability, increasing it at low concentrations but reducing it at higher concentrations. ERα activation led to mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and upregulation of ERα and PDC‐E2 expression. These findings suggest that the high expression of ERα in the bile ducts contributes to mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in PBC. The study highlights ERα as a potential target for understanding and treating estrogen‐mediated PBC pathogenesis.
Catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate waste using graphene oxide‐sulfonated zirconia (GO‐Szr) and analysis of its oil properties for Bharat Stage VI fuel production
Authors: Rex Prathiba , Rahiman Mohammed Kalil , Barmavatu Praveen , Aryasomayajula Venkata Satya Lakshmi Sai Bharadwaj , Meenakshisundaram Nagaraj
Published: September 2023

This research work is focused on the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuel from plastic waste. To perform the experiments, polypropylene waste (PPW) and polyethylene terephthalate (PETW) were selected and pyrolyzed in a semi‐batch reactor at a temperature of 500°C. Nearly 72.28 wt.% of liquid fuel was recovered from 100 g of plastic waste feed through non‐catalytic pyrolysis process. The application of catalyst GO‐Szr to the pyrolysis process increased the oil yield to 92.76 wt.%. The oil properties were studied, to assess the characteristics and to compare with that of diesel fuel. The properties of oil were found to possess very good diesel properties such as kinematic viscosity of 2.18 mm2/s, density of 790 kg/m3, cloud and pour point less than −11°C, Sulphur content less than 3 ppm and cetane number was found to be as high as 72.44. From these studies, it is highlighted that waste plastics pyrolysis is a suitable option to produce diesel‐like fuel.
Supporting pregnant and parenting students: Legal responsibilities and student rights
Authors: Bowers Blaze M.
Published: September 2023

Countless pregnant and parenting students come to college and university campuses across the country every year. According to the Urban Institute, more than 5.4 million parenting students were pursuing higher education as of December 2022. Whether a first‐time freshman or a doctoral‐level graduate student, these students are owed a robust support system by universities and colleges striving to achieve inclusive, developmental, and academic excellence.
Spectral simulation of hydromagnetic flow with dissipative and radiative heat transfer over an inclined rotating disk within a non‐Darcy porous medium
Authors: Kumar Premful , Nandkeolyar Raj
Published: September 2023

The goal of the research presented in this paper is to examine how a magnetic field affects the unsteady flow of an incompressible nanofluid over a spinning disc that is inclined and stretched while the flow is embedded in a non‐Darcy porous medium. Furthermore, the heat transmission mechanism takes into account Joule heating and viscous dissipation. By imposing thermal radiation to enhance the heat transmission system under the effects of convection, the current article becomes more realistic. A set of nonlinear partial differential equations and associated boundary conditions defines the mathematical problem. Using an appropriate similarity transformation, the mathematical model is converted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions, which are then solved numerically by the Spectral Quasi Linearization Method (SQLM). Graphs and tables for various flow parameters illustrate the complete results for the exploration of dimensionless velocity and temperature. Regression analysis is used to statistically estimate the local Nusselt number and the skin friction coefficients. From the numerical results, it is found that when the magnetic parameter is increased, the flow velocity in the radial and tangential directions decreases due to the Lorentz force. With the variation of the Forchheimer number, the fluid flow in both directions decreases with increasing inertia coefficient. By increasing the magnetic parameter and Eckart number, the temperature of the fluid increases. The performed quadratic regression analysis reveals that the permeability of the medium and the generated Lorentz force are significant for the skin friction coefficient in the radial direction, whereas the stretching parameter and Forchheimer number are significant for the skin friction coefficient in the tangential direction. Thermal radiation and convective heating are found to significantly affect the heat transfer coefficient.
Thermally stratified Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid flow with the impact of an inclined magnetic field, viscous dissipation and heat source/sink across a vertically stretching cylinder
Authors: Paul Ashish , Nath Jintu Mani , Das Tusar Kanti
Published: September 2023

A numerical study of the thermally stratified flow of H2O based Cu − Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid over a linearly stretching cylinder placed vertically in a porous media has been performed. The influences of viscous dissipation, thermal source/sink, and an inclined magnetic field were also considered. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the non‐linear mathematical equations of the flow model are translated into a dimensionless form. The in‐build finite difference Matlab code Bvp4c is used to attain the numerical solution of the transformed non‐linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Influences of nanoparticles when added to the water and also the flow parameters’ impacts on the flow rate and thermal transport rate are shown in graphs and tables. The results showed that the absolute value of the shear stress of the hybrid nanofluids was enhanced by up to 33% compared to the considered nanofluid. The study also revealed that the heat transport rate in the convective flow region was much higher in hybrid nanofluid as compared to nanofluid. For Cu − Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid, the temperature went negative for high thermal stratification. The present study has important implications for the design and optimization of heat transfer devices that use thermally stratified hybrid nanofluids. The results also provide novel insights into the flow behavior of these fluids, that can be used to improve our understanding of their physical properties.
Radioprotectors, Radiomitigators, and Radiosensitizers
Authors: Montoro Alegría , Obrador Elena , Mistry Dhruti , Forte Giusi I. , Bravatà Valentina , Minafra Luigi , Calvaruso Marco , Cammarata Francesco P. , Falk Martin , Schettino Giuseppe , Ahire Vidhula , Daems Noami , Boterberg Tom , Dainiak Nicholas , Chaudhary Pankaj , Baatout Sarah , Mishra Kaushala Prasad
Published: September 2023

This chapter gives an overview of molecules and mechanisms able to intervene with the biological effects of ionizing radiation (IR), either related to their clinical use in radiotherapy or in the field of radiation protection in case of an accidental exposure to radiation and/or nuclear emergencies. According to the National Cancer Institute, “radiomodifiers” can be classified into (a) radioprotectors (protect molecules and tissues from direct and indirect damage induced by IR) or (b) radiomitigators (reduce and help to repair damage), depending on whether they are administered pre- or post-IR exposure, respectively. Most of them are free radical scavengers and antioxidants (or enhancers of the antioxidant defenses), increase DNA repair mechanisms, have anti-inflammatory properties, and/or prevent cell death. On the other hand, (c) radiosensitizers directly or indirectly enhance DNA damage and ROS production, increasing IR toxicity on tumor cells, thus they are used to increase radiotherapy efficacy in cancer patients. The section “Radionuclides and methods to treat contaminated individuals” describes the medical consequences and treatment modalities of internal contamination by radionuclides. Overall, the chapter discusses the effects of most currently known radiomodifiers, their specific properties, and their mechanisms of action, by emphasizing results obtained in recent preclinical and clinical trials.
Molecular Radiation Biology
Authors: Reindl Judith , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Ahire Vidhula , Azimzadeh Omid , Baatout Sarah , Baeyens Ans , Baselet Bjorn , Chauhan Vinita , Da Pieve Fabiana , Delbart Wendy , Dobney Caitlin Pria , Edin Nina Frederike Jeppesen , Falk Martin , Foray Nicolas , François Agnès , Frelon Sandrine , Gaipl Udo S. , Georgakilas Alexandros G. , Guipaud Olivier , Hausmann Michael , Michaelidesova Anna Jelinek , Kadhim Munira , Marques Inês Alexandra , Milic Mirta , Mistry Dhruti , Moertl Simone , Montoro Alegría , Obrador Elena , Pires Ana Salomé , Quintens Roel , Rajan Nicholas , Rödel Franz , Rogan Peter , Savu Diana , Schettino Giuseppe , Tabury Kevin , Terzoudi Georgia I. , Triantopoulou Sotiria , Viktorsson Kristina , Wozny Anne-Sophie
Published: September 2023

Various exogeneous and endogenous factors constantly cause damages in the biomolecules within a cell. For example, per day, 10,000–100,000 molecular lesions occur in DNA per cell. The molecule modifications that are formed disturb the structure and function of the affected molecules. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the damages to biomolecules caused by radiation, the associated repair pathways, and the effect on the cellular function. Special interest lies on the damages induced to DNA, the carrier of the human genome, and the consequence to genomic integrity, cell death, and cell survival. Additionally, related effects regarding inflammation and immunity, epigenetic factors, and omics are discussed. The chapter concludes with an explanation of the molecular factors of cellular hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radiation resistance.
Clinical Radiobiology for Radiation Oncology
Authors: Sminia Peter , Guipaud Olivier , Viktorsson Kristina , Ahire Vidhula , Baatout Sarah , Boterberg Tom , Cizkova Jana , Dostál Marek , Fernandez-Palomo Cristian , Filipova Alzbeta , François Agnès , Geiger Mallia , Hunter Alistair , Jassim Hussam , Edin Nina Frederike Jeppesen , Jordan Karl , Koniarová Irena , Selvaraj Vinodh Kumar , Meade Aidan D. , Milliat Fabien , Montoro Alegría , Politis Constantinus , Savu Diana , Sémont Alexandra , Tichy Ales , Válek Vlastimil , Vogin Guillaume
Published: September 2023

This chapter is focused on radiobiological aspects at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level which are relevant for the clinical use of ionizing radiation (IR) in cancer therapy. For radiation oncology, it is critical to find a balance, i.e., the therapeutic window, between the probability of tumor control and the probability of side effects caused by radiation injury to the healthy tissues and organs. An overview is given about modern precision radiotherapy (RT) techniques, which allow optimal sparing of healthy tissues. Biological factors determining the width of the therapeutic window are explained. The role of the six typical radiobiological phenomena determining the response of both malignant and normal tissues in the clinic, the 6R’s, which are Reoxygenation, Redistribution, Repopulation, Repair, Radiosensitivity, and Reactivation of the immune system, is discussed. Information is provided on tumor characteristics, for example, tumor type, growth kinetics, hypoxia, aberrant molecular signaling pathways, cancer stem cells and their impact on the response to RT. The role of the tumor microenvironment and microbiota is described and the effects of radiation on the immune system including the abscopal effect phenomenon are outlined. A summary is given on tumor diagnosis, response prediction via biomarkers, genetics, and radiomics, and ways to selectively enhance the RT response in tumors. Furthermore, we describe acute and late normal tissue reactions following exposure to radiation: cellular aspects, tissue kinetics, latency periods, permanent or transient injury, and histopathology. Details are also given on the differential effect on tumor and late responding healthy tissues following fractionated and low dose rate irradiation as well as the effect of whole-body exposure.
Individual Radiation Sensitivity and Biomarkers: Molecular Radiation Biology
Authors: Ainsbury Elizabeth A. , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Baatout Sarah , Baeyens Ans , Botelho Maria Filomena , Frey Benjamin , Foray Nicolas , Georgakilas Alexandros G. , Lyng Fiona M. , Marques Inês Alexandra , Meade Aidan D. , Milic Mirta , Mistry Dhruti , Monaghan Jade F. , Montoro Alegría , Pires Ana Salomé , Terzoudi Georgia I. , Triantopoulou Sotiria , Viktorsson Kristina , Vogin Guillaume
Published: September 2023

In recent years, scientific understanding of the changes radiation makes to the various tissues of the body has vastly increased. Identification of biological markers of radiation exposure and response has become a wide field with an increasing interest across the radiation research community. This chapter introduces the concepts of individual radiosensitivity, radiosusceptibility, and radiodegeneration, which are the key factors to classify radiation responses. Biomarkers are then introduced, and their key characteristics as well as classification are explained, with a particular focus on those biomarkers which have been identified for use in epidemiological studies of radiation risk—as this is a crucial topic of current interest within radiation protection. Brief information on collection of samples is followed by a detailed presentation of predictive assays in use in different settings including clinical applications with responses assessed chiefly in tissue biopsy or blood samples. The sections toward the end of this chapter then discuss the evidence associated with the relationship between age and separately sex, and radiosensitivity, as well as some genetic syndromes associated with radiosensitivity. The final section of this chapter provides a brief summary of how our current knowledge can further support individual, personalized, uses of radiation, particularly in clinical settings.
Radiobiology of Accidental, Public, and Occupational Exposures
Authors: Wilkins Ruth , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Ainsbury Elizabeth A. , Baatout Sarah , Botelho Maria Filomena , Boterberg Tom , Filipová Alžběta , Hladik Daniela , Kruse Felicia , Marques Inês Alexandra , Mistry Dhruti , Moquet Jayne , Oestreicher Ursula , Ramadan Raghda , Terzoudi Georgia I. , Triantopoulou Sotiria , Vogin Guillaume , Wozny Anne-Sophie
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes situations where individuals may be potentially exposed to ionizing radiation in accidental, occupational, or public exposures excluding those from clinical radiotherapy. Each exposure type can have very specific characteristics ranging in radiation quality, dose, dose rate, length of exposures, and proportion of the body acute exposure. As such, some long-term health effects of low-dose exposures are described including effects on the embryo and fetus, heritable diseases, cataracts, and cardiovascular effects. Special focus on exposure to radon is included along with the health effects specific to this exposure situation.

Accidental and malicious exposures can also include high-dose scenarios that can lead to the development of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Details of ARS are described along with how it can be diagnosed. In some exposure scenarios, large numbers of individuals are exposed such that triage is required to quickly identify those needing medical intervention to mitigate ARS. Strategies for triage for treatment are described with respect to trauma, contamination, and exposure along with a discussion of suggested countermeasures for internal exposure and medical follow-up after exposure. In order to assist with determining the dose of radiation an individual has been exposed to, several biodosimetry techniques are described.

The final section focuses on the radiation protection system including definitions of quantities commonly used and the limits of exposure.
Setting the Scene
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine
Published: September 2023

Drawing on international literature on higher education access and participation, this chapter provides a summary overview of current research and writing in this field. The ‘widening participation’ agenda is critically reviewed in relation to neoliberal discourses of the independent learner and the ‘risky’ nature of university deconstructed. The chapter describes the epistemological and ontological foundations for the studies that inform this publication and details the methodologies and theoretical framings adopted by the researchers. This book is premised upon the recognition that all learners are complex entities, intersected by various demographic and social factors. In recognition of this, the chapter aims to provide insight into a range of historical, political and cultural factors that may have impacted upon the Australian students who participated in this research.
The Online Student Experience: New Challenges for Engagement and Support
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine
Published: September 2023

Online learning has an increasingly important place in widening access and participation in higher education for diverse student cohorts. One cohort that has been taking up online study in increasing numbers over the past 10–15 years is that of mature-age, first-in-family students. This chapter looks at the experience of 87 first-in-family students, for whom the opportunity to enrol in online undergraduate studies through an open-entry pathway made it possible for them to embark on a university education. In-depth interviews and surveys were conducted with these students as part of a wider study into First-in-Family students described in Chap. 1 of this book (Study B). Findings include the important role that opportunity plays in providing the impetus for study, as well as the importance of support and encouragement from family, friends, colleagues and institutions in being able to continue the journey.
Motivated Men: First-in-Family Male Students
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine
Published: September 2023

While first-in-family women’s experience of attending university has been examined in a growing body of literature, there has been little attention paid to the experiences of first-in-family males. This chapter presents an account of the motivations, transitions and participations of first-in-family male students using a narrative gender framework. The analysis especially privileges the idea of situated and relational masculinities (Hopkins & Noble, Masculinities in place: Situated identities, relations and intersectionality. Social and Cultural Geography, 10(8), 811–819, 2009). Age was found to be the chief organising category of their experiences structuring their embodied life course. Three main age and relational masculine performances emerged from these men’s stories, namely those of the Fathers, the Self-Starters and the Sons. Working to achieve or enact the breadwinner model of masculinity was found to be the dominant motivator behind their gender performances.
The Process of Modeling
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

Models are required in any type of performance study, from the design and procurement of new systems, to data center and cloud capacity planning. This chapter describes the main input parameters of the models and the output measures that can be obtained from their solutions. The relationships among these quantities, i.e., the operational laws, are also introduced. The most important steps to implement models to be solved with simulation and analytical techniques are reviewed.
Impact of Variability of Interarrival and Service Times
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes the influence of the distributions of some input parameters of the models on the . Initially, we describe an elementary example (somewhat unrealistic) specially designed to emphasize the impact on mean of different patterns of arriving requests. Then, two simple models consisting of a station are considered. In the first we apply different distributions to the of requests keeping the distribution of fixed. In the second one we do the opposite: we keep the distribution of fixed and we consider different distributions of .
Parallel Computing
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

The concept of parallelism of computations is very important to obtain the results required by the algorithms of big data processing applied in several domains, like ML, AI, neural networks, approximate computing, etc. In this chapter the use of and stations and of their respective generation/synchronization policies are described [12]. Three elementary models implementing different synchronization policies are analyzed. The first synchronizes the executions of n parallel tasks with similar characteristics, the second investigates the impact of the variability of the parallel task execution times on the synchronization times, and the third synchronizes on the fastest task. In spite of their simplicity, these three models can be combined with other components to implement very complex models.
Reference Models
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes four case studies of varying difficulty that are simplified versions of complex projects used to study real world problems. Despite their simplicity, the implemented models are still able to capture the key aspects of the phenomena analyzed. Initially, the capacity planning of a facial recognition surveillance system based on edge computing architecture is described. Next, the design of a digital infrastructure that dynamically scales the computational capacity to handle workload fluctuations is presented. The implemented multi-formalism model consists of both Queueing Networks and Petri Nets components. The problem of performance forecast of a web app is tackled by simulating a concise version of the workflow of an e-commerce app. The impact of different authentication protocols for payment security is also considered. The last case study concerns the modelling of a platform for crowd computing. The originality of this model lies in the fact that its customers that flows in and out are the computational nodes, which are added and removed from the crowd platform. The resources that resides inside a Finite Capacity Region of the model manage the computational servers that may or may not be available to users.
Subjective Wellbeing of Women in the Marine Fisherfolk of Kerala: Anthropological Insights on Life Experience, Attitude, and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ramachandran B. Bindu
Published: September 2023

Human desire to attain the state of being well has existed since the beginning of man’s social life. Within and across cultures, people conceptualize wellbeing differently because of its multidimensional nature. Even though the perspective towards wellbeing is totally relative, it is basically connected with one’s attitude towards quality of life and life circumstances. Among the women in fisherfolk, decrease in marine resources, institutional changes, occupational diversification, and the role of Kudumbasree initiatives have created significant changes in attitudes towards being well. This anthropological research analyses the mediating effect of three socio-cultural domains such as life experience, attitude, and life satisfaction on different aspects of subjective wellbeing. Three hundred and ten women from the marine fisherfolk families in Kozhikode district of Kerala participated in the study. The structural equation modelling proposed in the study revealed the significant influence of above three domains on subjective wellbeing with the support of thirteen sub domains including health and hunger. The model also reflects the signifiers relevant to the life satisfaction of women in a particular socio-cultural, economic, and environmental setting. The findings of the study have ethical and applied implications, if subjective dimensions of wellbeing are considered in the preparation of public policies for women and thereby attaining a life circumstance where there is zero hunger.
Evolution of India’s Policy Response to Hunger, Nutrition, and Food Security Since Independence
Authors: Panda Manoj
Published: September 2023

At the time of its independence, India did not have enough production of food grains to meet its domestic demand and had to depend on imports. The Indian government’s policy response then naturally laid priority on increasing aggregate food production by launching the green revolution in the late 1960s. Once production became adequate, attention of public policy for providing food and nutritional security to the people shifted to several other areas such as household access to adequate food, enhancing purchasing power, composition of food basket, production of protein- and vitamin-intensive food items, clean drinking water, and sanitary conditions. This paper begins with a discussion of the concepts of nutritional adequacy, food security, and poverty. It then documents the evolutionary process in Indian policy response since the 1950s in SDG-2-related areas like hunger, nutrition, and food security. This is followed by an examination of the state of food and nutritional securities using several key indicators. The paper also briefly discusses how lives could be saved using a nationally functioning public distribution system and employment guarantee schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper concludes with a discussion of current efficiency and environmental concerns and possible way forward.
In the Pursuit of an Appropriate Calorie Intake Norm for Indian States
Authors: Siddiqui Md. Zakaria , Rahman Tauhidur
Published: September 2023

A puzzling aspect of India's nutrition story is that deficiencies in calorie intake and anthropometric health outcomes across states are not significantly correlated. One potential explanation is inaccurate accounting of the calorie needs of people living in different states of India. There are significant variations in the disease environments, health infrastructure, and mechanization of economies across states which necessitate different levels of calorie consumption. Using consumption survey data collected by the National Sample Survey Office in 2011–2012, and utilizing multilevel models, we show that these factors are important determinants of calorie intakes across states. Then we calculate state-adjusted calorie norm for Indian states and use them to recalibrate their prevalence of undernourishment (PoU). In addition, we show that the correlations between calorie intakes, determined by the state-adjusted calorie norms and anthropometric health outcomes, are strong and significant. Our findings suggest that for a diverse country like India, a uniform national calorie intake norm is inappropriate, leading to inaccurate estimates of calorie intake deficiencies across states.
Milk Consumption Pattern of Young Children: A Relook at the Indian Evidence
Authors: Viswanathan Brinda , Purohit Divya
Published: September 2023

In rural areas where most of the food production takes place, nutritional deprivations are also high. In 2015–16, only 38% (45%) of 6–23-month-old children in rural (urban) India reported milk consumption at least once in the previous day with an average of 2.5 times among those who consumed. Though dairy milk plays a very important role in the growth of young children, very few studies have analysed the pattern of consumption as in this study, which also provides an understanding of its associated factors and relationship with a child’s height for age Z-score. The zero-inflated Poisson model estimates show that girls are less likely to be given milk but irrespective of gender, milk consumption increases with age. Breastfeeding affects both milk consumption and its frequency while other food items except eggs and other dairy reduce the chance of milk consumption but not its frequency. Mother’s education, economic status of the household, ownership of bovine, and higher supply of milk at the district level have differing effects on milk consumed compared to the frequency of milk consumed. Milk consumption and its frequency is positively associated with a child’s height provided it is an endogenous variable. Policies that strengthen affordability, availability, and awareness towards milk consumption would reduce large disparities in child stunting in India and improve its abysmally low global ranking.
Are Gender Budgets Necessary for Reducing Inequalities in Health Outcomes? An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Gupta Indrani , Ranjan Avantika , Barman Kanksha
Published: September 2023

Achieving gender equality and empowerment has been a global goal for many years and since 2015 has been the focus of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well. Given the challenges in reducing gender inequality, there was a global consensus that national budgets should specifically focus on gender. Australia was the first country to initiate gender budgeting or gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) and presented a Women’s Budget Statement at a meeting of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Working Party on Women and the Economy in February 1985.
Gravity-improved metastability bounds for the Type-I seesaw mechanism
Authors: Chauhan Garv , Steingasser Thomas
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Right-handed neutrinos (RHN) destabilize the electroweak vacuum by increasing its decay rate. In the SM, the latter is dominated by physics at the RG scale at which λ reaches its minimum, $$ {\mu}_{\ast}^{\textrm{SM}} $$

μ
∗
SM

∼ 1017 GeV. For large neutrino Yukawa coupling Yν, RHNs can push μ* beyond the Planck scale, implying that gravitational effects need to be taken into account. In this work, we perform the first comprehensive study of electroweak vacuum metastability in the type-I seesaw mechanism including these effects. Our analysis covers both low- and high-scale seesaw models, with two as well as three RHNs and for multiple values of the Higgs’ non-minimal coupling to gravity. We find that gravitational effects can significantly stabilize the vacuum, leading to weaker metastability bounds. We show that metastability sets the strongest bounds for low-scale seesaws with MN> 1 TeV. For high-scale seesaws, we find upper bounds on the allowed masses for the RHNs, which are relevant for high-scale leptogenesis. We also point out that Tr($$ {Y}_{\nu}^{\dagger } $$

Y
ν
†

Yν), which is commonly used to express these metastability bounds, cannot be used for all of parameter space. Instead, we argue that bounds can always be expressed reliably through Tr($$ {Y}_{\nu}^{\dagger } $$

Y
ν
†

Yν$$ {Y}_{\nu}^{\dagger } $$

Y
ν
†

Yν). Lastly, we use this insight to develop a new technique for an easier RG analysis applicable to scenarios with degenerate RHN masses.
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in the τ final state at proton-electron colliders
Authors: Gu Haiyong , Mao Ying-nan , Sun Hao , Wang Kechen
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We utilize the lepton number violation signal processp e−→τ+jjjto search for heavy Majorana neutrinos at future proton-electron colliders. The LHeC (FCC-eh) is considered to run with an electron beam energy of 60 GeV, a proton beam energy of 7 (50) TeV and an integrated luminosity of 1 (3) ab−1, and the electron beam is considered to be unpolarized. We apply detector configurations and simulate signal and related standard model background events for both hadronicτhand leptonicτℓfinal states,ℓbeing a muon. After preselection, multivariate analyses are performed to reject the background. The strategy to reconstruct the heavy neutrino mass is developed and distributions of reconstructed mass are presented. Discovery sensitivities on parameter |VτN|2|VeN|2/(|VτN|2+ |VeN|2) for the heavy neutrino mass between 10 and 3000 GeV are predicted. At the 2-σsignificance, the best discovery sensitivity is∼1.2×10−5(5.0×10−6) at the LHeC (FCC-eh) whenmN∼ 100 GeV for the hadronicτhfinal state. Sensitivities for the leptonicτℓfinal state are found to be similar to those for the hadronicτhfinal state for most of the parameter space investigated. We also derive the limits on mixing parameters from electroweak precision data (EWPD) and DELPHI experiment. Assuming |VτN|2= |VeN|2= |VℓN|2, sensitivity bounds from the LHeC and FCC-eh experiments are found to be stronger than those from EWPD whenmN≲ 900 GeV, and also stronger than those from DELPHI whenmN≳ 70 GeV. Constraints are also interpreted and compared in the |VτN|2vs. |VeN|2plane. Compared with current limits from EWPD, DELPHI, and LHC experiments, futurepeexperiments can probe large additional regions in the parameter space formed by|VτN|2and|VeN|2, and thus significantly enhance the discovery potential for a large portion of the|VτN|2vs.|VeN|2plane.
Electroweak baryogenesis via top-charm mixing
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Mura Yushi
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We investigate a scenario of electroweak baryogenesis in the two Higgs doublet model with quark flavor mixing. In general, off-diagonal components of quark Yukawa interactions with additional Higgs bosons are strongly constrained by the data for flavor changing neutral currents. However, top-charm quark mixing is not the case, so that a large off-diagonal element can be taken, which can contribute to generating baryon asymmetry of the universe. It turns out that CP violating phases of the off-diagonal element in the source term in the Boltzmann equation are eliminated by the rephasing. This result is somewhat different from previous works on electroweak baryogenesis by flavor off-diagonal Yukawa couplings. Instead, we find that the absolute value of the top-charm off-diagonal element enhances CP violating phases in the Higgs potential, by which sufficient amount of the baryon number can be generated to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. We find that such a scenario is viable under the current experimental data. The model can be tested by the current and future measurements of various flavor experiments like Kaon rare decays, in addition to high energy collider experiments as well as gravitational wave observations. Characteristic predictions of our model would be deviations in Kaon rare decays. Branching ratios of $$ {K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν
¯

and $$ {K}_L\to {\pi}^0\nu \overline{\nu} $$

K
L

→

π
0

ν

ν
¯

can deviate by the order of 10% and 1%, respectively, which may be tested at future Kaon experiments such as NA62 and KOTO step-2.
The black hole/string transition in AdS3 and confining backgrounds
Authors: Urbach Erez Y.
Published: September 2023

Abstract

String stars, or Horowitz-Polchinski solutions, are Euclidean string theory saddles with a normalizable condensate of thermal winding strings. String stars were suggested as a possible description of stringy (Euclidean) black holes close to the Hagedorn temperature. In this work, we continue the study initiated in [1] by investigating the thermodynamic properties of string stars in asymptotically (thermal) anti-de Sitter backgrounds. First, we discuss the case of AdS3 with mixed RR and NS-NS fluxes (including the pure NS-NS system) and comment on a possible BTZ/string transition unique to AdS3. Second, we present new “winding-string gas” saddles for confining holographic backgrounds such as the Witten model and determine the subleading correction to their Hagedorn temperature. We speculate a black brane/string transition in these models and argue for a possible relation to the deconfined phase of 3+1 dimensional pure Yang-Mills.
Pileup and Infrared Radiation Annihilation (PIRANHA): a paradigm for continuous jet grooming
Authors: Alipour-fard Samuel , Komiske Patrick T. , Metodiev Eric M. , Thaler Jesse
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Jet grooming is an important strategy for analyzing relativistic particle collisions in the presence of contaminating radiation. Most jet grooming techniques introduce hard cutoffs to remove soft radiation, leading to discontinuous behavior and associated experimental and theoretical challenges. In this paper, we introduce Pileup and Infrared Radiation Annihilation (Piranha), a paradigm for continuous jet grooming that overcomes the discontinuity and infrared sensitivity of hard-cutoff grooming procedures. We motivate Piranha from the perspective of optimal transport and the Energy Mover’s Distance and review Apollonius Subtraction and Iterated Voronoi Subtraction as examples of Piranha-style grooming. We then introduce a new tree-based implementation of Piranha, Recursive Subtraction, with reduced computational costs. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of Recursive Subtraction in mitigating sensitivity to soft distortions from hadronization and detector effects, and additive contamination from pileup and the underlying event.
RG flows in 2d QCD
Authors: Delmastro Diego , Gomis Jaume
Published: September 2023

Abstract

2d QCD, Yang-Mills theory with gauge group G and massless quarks in representations (Rℓ, Rr) of G, flows in the infrared to a CFT or a TQFT depending on whether spectrum is gapless or gapped. We identify the infrared effective theory and construct the explicit RG flow map between the QCD operators in the UV and the IR, in particular identifying which operators create massive excitations and decouple in the IR, and those that create massless excitations or vacua and remain as nontrivial IR operators. We determine the exact scaling dimensions of the QCD operators that remain in the IR, which generically acquire large anomalous dimensions. We also study QCD deformed by various operators in the ultraviolet (such as mass terms or four-fermi interactions), and determine the theory that emerges at low energies. We conjecture and provide some evidence for QCD deformed by various operators developing a nonperturbative fermion condensate that dynamically breaks the gauge symmetry G, thus explicitly realizing an old idea known as “tumbling” in an exactly soluble setting.
Reflected entropy and Markov gap in Lifshitz theories
Authors: Berthiere Clément , Chen Bin , Chen Hongjie
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We study the reflected entropy in (1+1)-dimensional Lifshitz field theory whose groundstate is described by a quantum mechanical model. Starting from tripartite Lifshitz groundstates, both critical and gapped, we derive explicit formulas for the Rényi reflected entropies reduced to two adjacent or disjoint intervals, directly in the continuum. We show that the reflected entropy in Lifshitz theory does not satisfy monotonicity, in contrast to what is observed for free relativistic fields. We analytically compute the full reflected entanglement spectrum for two disjoint intervals, finding a discrete set of eigenvalues which is that of a thermal density matrix. Furthermore, we investigate the Markov gap, defined as the difference between reflected entropy and mutual information, and find it to be universal and nonvanishing, signaling irreducible tripartite entanglement in Lifshitz groundstates. We also obtain analytical results for the reflected entropies and the Markov gap in 2 + 1 dimensions. Finally, as a byproduct of our results on reflected entropy, we provide exact formulas for two other entanglement-related quantities, namely the computable cross-norm negativity and the operator entanglement entropy.
The Constant of Interpolation in Bloch Type Spaces
Authors: Miralles Alejandro , Maletzki Mario P.
Published: September 2023

It is known that there exists a constant $$0<\Delta _1 < 1$$

0
<

Δ
1

<
1

such that any $$\Delta _1$$

Δ
1

-separated sequence for the pseudohyperbolic distance in the open unit disk $$\textbf{D}$$
D
of $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
is interpolating for the classical Bloch space $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
. We will prove that $$0.8114< \Delta _1 < 0.9785$$

0.8114
<

Δ
1

<
0.9785

and we will also generalize this result for Bloch type spaces $$\mathcal {B}_{v_p}$$

B

v
p

for $$v_p(z)=(1-|z|^2)^p$$

v
p

(
z
)

=

(
1
-
|
z
|

2

)

p

. In particular, we will provide a construction to calculate an estimate of the lower and upper bounds for the corresponding constant of separation $$\Delta _p$$

Δ
p

for these spaces. We also prove that $$\Delta _p$$

Δ
p

tends to 1 when $$p \rightarrow \infty $$

p
→
∞

.
The journey of boswellic acids from synthesis to pharmacological activities
Authors: Ragab Ehab A. , Abd El-Wahab Mohammed F. , Doghish Ahmed S. , Salama Rania M. , Eissa Nermin , Darwish Samar F.
Published: September 2023

There has been a lot of interest in using naturally occurring substances to treat a wide variety of chronic disorders in recent years. From the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carteri, the pentacyclic triterpene molecules known as boswellic acid (BA) are extracted. We aimed to provide a detailed overview of the origins, chemistry, synthetic derivatives, pharmacokinetic, and biological activity of numerous Boswellia species and their derivatives. The literature searched for reports of B. serrata and isolated BAs having anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and clastogenic activities. Our results revealed that the cytotoxic and anticancer effects of B. serrata refer to its triterpenoid component, including BAs. Three-O-acetyl-11-keto—BA was the most promising cytotoxic molecule among tested substances. Activation of caspases, upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and stimulation of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage are the primary mechanisms responsible for cytotoxic and antitumor effects. Evidence suggests that BAs have shown promise in combating a wide range of debilitating disease conditions, including cancer, hepatic, inflammatory, and neurological disorders.

Graphical abstract
Shape memory effect in cross-linked polyethylene matrix composites: the effect of the type of reinforcing fiber
Authors: Tatár Balázs , Mészáros László
Published: September 2023

The recovery stress of shape-memory polymers is often low; therefore their field of application is limited. In this study, we compared the effects of different fiber reinforcements on the shape memory characteristics of cross-linked polyethylene (X-PE) matrix. We used fiber reinforcement to increase the recovery stress of the shape memory polymer and compared the results of different fiber reinforcements to find the ones that confer the best shape memory properties. We investigated glass, carbon, Kevlar®, and Dyneema® fibers to find the fibers that increase the recovery stress of the composites most. The deformed shape was created by three-point bending, and then heat-activated shape recovery was examined. All reinforcements increased the recovery stress and decreased the shape fixity ratio and the shape recovery ratio. The samples had similar characteristics, except for the low recovery stress Kevlar® fibers and the low recovery ratio of the composite reinforced with glass fibers. With the polyethylene Dyneema® fibers, the composite was self-reinforced and did very well by all metrics. They increased the maximum recovery stress from 0.3 to 2.4 MPa, through having excellent adhesion to the matrix and high strength in their own right. Our research proved that self-reinforced composites could measure up to conventional composites in shape memory applications. Aside from the Dyneema® fibers carbon fibers work best in the X-PE matrix, and should be the preferred conventional reinforcement materials.
Insights on the SWEET Gene Role in Soluble Sugar Accumulation via the CO2 Fixation Pathway in Forage Maize Under Salt Stress
Authors: Amombo Erick , Ashilenje Dennis S. , Hirich Abdelaziz , Kouisni Lamfeddal , Oukarroum Abdallah , Ghoulam Cherki , Meksem Khalid , El Gharous Mohamed , Nilahyane Abdelaziz
Published: September 2023

Rising soil and water salinity endanger plant growth and crop productivity, putting global food security at risk. As plants are sessile, their adaptation to rapidly changing environments is slow, endangering their survival. As a result, mitigation efforts should shift to developing smart crops capable of withstanding dynamic and heterogeneously distributed salinity. Recent breakthroughs in bioinformatics and high throughput genomics can cost-effectively accelerate the introduction of superior varieties for saline regions. Sugar plays an essential role in biomass accumulation and is thus a viable target for forage crop improvement programs. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) gene family transcribes for source-sink carbon allocation in the form of sugar in higher plants. However, little is known about SWEET’s role in maize's phenotypes of agronomic interest for forage production. Here, through a genome-wide analysis, we identified and characterized 19 SWEET genes that are expressed across various shoot phenotypes. Eleven of the genes are salt-responsive, and ZmSWEET7 is most abundant in high-sugar-yielding varieties compared to low-sugar varieties. Homologous overexpression of the ZmSWEET7 increases the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (FV/FM), CO2 assimilation rate (A), soluble sugar content, and dry matter, with the quantum yield for CO2 fixation efficiency (phiCO2) showing the most significant increase. There is a strong positive association between phiCO2 and soluble sugar content, dry matter, and FV/FM in ZmSWEET7 overexpressing mutants compared to the wild. These findings indicate that ZmSWEET7-mediated CO2 fixation efficiency rather than assimilation rate plays a positive pleiotropic role in C accumulation in the form of sugar or dry matter via increased FV/FM. This work lays a strong foundation for salt-tolerant forage maize genetic improvement.
Turbulent flow and friction in a pipe with repeated rectangular ribs
Authors: Tummers M. J. , Schenker-van Rossum M. C. , Delfos R. , Twerda A. , Westerweel J.
Published: September 2023

Measurements were conducted in the fully developed turbulent flow in a pipe with internal diameter $$D$$
D
at a Reynolds number of $${\text{Re}}_{{\text{D}}} = 1.6 \times 10^{5}$$

Re
D

=
1.6
×

10
5

. The pipe walls were equipped with regularly spaced square ribs of relative height $$h/D = 0.154$$

h
/
D
=
0.154

, while the pitch-to-roughness height was varied between $$p/h = 1.67$$

p
/
h
=
1.67

and $$p/h = 6.67$$

p
/
h
=
6.67

. The measurements include mean velocity components, Reynolds shear and normal stresses and pressure losses. It is investigated whether the effects of the large roughness on the (time and axially averaged) velocity profile can be described by the classical rough-wall formulation by allowing the value of the von Kármán constant to deviate from its standard value of 0.41.