bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Study of Genetic Diversity of Acinetobacter Baumannii-Resistant Strains Isolated from Patients in Rīga East University Hospital in Latvia
Authors: Liepiņš Māris , Krūmiņa Angelika , Meistere Irēna , Kosjkina Diāna , Ķibilds Juris , Valciņa Olga , Lejnieks Aivars
Published: May 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogen, an emerging cause of healthcare-associated infections, associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. It has been widely found in the hospital environment, exhibiting high resistance to antimicrobials, affecting the spread of healthcare-associated infections and preventing effective infection control. The role of virulence factors in the pathogenesis of A. baumannii related human infections remains unclear. Therefore, molecular testing of pathogenic bacteria is an important tool for improving infection control measures against A. baumannii with combined resistance. The aim of this study was to analyse A. baumannii infection cases, antimicrobial resistance profiles and to characterise the genetic heterogeneity of isolates. In general, outbreaks occurring in hospitals are presumed to be clonal, with patient-to-patient transmission of essentially identical strains. Treatment decisions are based on a combination of in vitro susceptibility assays and empirical results based on patient outcomes.
Włoscy utopiści epoki nowożytnej (Machiavelli, Botero, Campanella) w polskich badaniach naukowych XX i przełomu XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Bielański Stefan
Published: May 2021

The author of the article analyzes the place and importance of the works of Italian utopiansfrom the modern era (such as Niccolò Machiavelli, Tommaso Campanella and Giovanni Botero)in Polish research from the range of the history of political thought from the 20th and the turnof 20th and 21st centuries. The first works dedicated to the aforementioned political thinkersfrom the 16th and 17th centuries by Bolesław Limanowski and Aleksander Świętochowski andthe publications from the interwar period were the starting point of the research. They werepresented much broader – also because of the appearance of the translations of the utopiansfrom the modern era in the 1940s and 1950s. Much interest – before 1956 – was attracted tothe concepts by Campanella, included in his famous work, City of the Sun. In the later times theimportant place in the Polish research on the history of Italian political thought was taken bythe content and expression of Niccolò Machiavelli, especially those fragments of The Prince,which show signs of utopian thought. Much interest was also brought to the works of GiovanniBotero, the author who was the first to use the term “reason of state” and who also proposedthe utopia of “universal monarchy”. The final part is dedicated to the reflections on theItalian utopians of the modern era (but also influencing the modern utopias and dystopias –for example Orwell) by such Polish researchers as e.g. Jerzy Szacki, Janusz Tazbir, LeszekKołakowski, Bohdan Szlachta, Marcin Król, Monika Brzóstowicz-Klajn or Andrzej Dróżdż. Inthe context of the reflections on the possible negative influence of the work of utopians, it isworth to remind the significant observation by J. Baszkiewicz, who thought that “politicalreflection is not always conducted innocently. Political ideas can bring socially beneficialeffects, but they also can become a cause for destructive actions and severe havoc”.Key words: Italian utopians of the Renaissance, history of political thought, state of scientificresearch
Prometeizm: utopijna idea czy realne narzędzie polskiej polityki wschodniej
Authors: Kłaczyński Robert
Published: May 2021

The intensification and quality of Polish-Russian relations remains, despite passing years andgenerations, a key issue in discussions about Polish Eastern Policy choices. Successful warwith Bolshevik state in 1920 left Poland independent but has put an end the idea of federation.It has been replaced with “promethean” conception which genesis should be searched amongPolish emigrational and independence movements of 19th century. The “promethean” ideawas to lead to independence of nations remaining under Russian rule. This conception, withtime, become influential among Marshal Piłsudski’s supporters and was a part of Poland’sEastern policy until the Second World War. It harmed the relations with USSR and madea permanent Warsaw-Moscow cooperation impossible. After the Second War this conceptionbecome a history, an unwanted heritage for new, communist elite. It become again popularafter 1989 and again harmed Polish-Russian relations. The paper entitled “Prometheanconception: an utopia or real tool of Polish Eastern Policy” aims to answer the question aboutrationality of this idea, its coherence. It also formulates the broader question if utopia can bea permanent, well established issue in state’s policy, despite changing reality.Key words: Poland, Russia, prometheism, history, politics
Metody jakościowe w badaniach politologicznych... Wybrane techniki wywiadu i możliwości zastosowania
Authors: Gajda Joanna
Published: May 2021

The article presents the basic assumptions of qualitative research and the possibilities of their application in social (political) sciences. To achieve this goal, is the interview method was chosen. In the first part, basic information about the interview method will be recalled. The idea of research practice based on the story of Halcolm’s ‘master’. In the second part selected individual interview techniques will be analyzed, which, according to the author, may be the most practical for a political scientist, and the summary will present examples of the use of interviewing techniques by researchers from various disciplines in the field
of social-political sciences and the possibility of using re-analysis.
Historia Nuncjatury Apostolskiej w Polsce i rola nuncjusza w dyplomacji
Authors: Sałkiewicz-Muneryn Ewa
Published: May 2021

The article presents the history of the apostolic nunciature in Poland throughout history and Polish-Vatican relations. The operation of Vatican diplomacy is also explained, on the basis of diplomatic law and principles, such as the principle of precedence. A list of all apostolic nuncios in Poland from the beginning of diplomatic relations between Poland and the Vatican was also presented. Among the, they were few future Popes. The history of the apostolic nunciature in Poland is little known during the Plish-Swedish wars in the 18th century. At that time, the Apostolic Nunciature in Poland was located in Opava for several years (at that time small city in the Habsburg Empire).
Kwestia wolnego wyboru i zdeterminowania decyzji w wybranych koncepcjach nauk społecznych
Authors: Szewczak Wiktor
Published: May 2021

The subject of the article concerns the determinations of choices made by a person and their sources. Upon analysing the concepts that have appeared in social sciences to date, three model approaches were distinguished: (1) voluntarism, which assumed a lack of determination and pure volition of the source of the decision; (2) internal determinism, which searches for the source of the decision in factors within the human being itself, but not controlled by it; (3) fatalism, seeing the decisions made by persons as products of the environment in which they function. Next, the article presents the manner of approaching this issue as displayed by the most typical, in this respect, concepts in modern social sciences: sociological symbolic interactionism, sociologism with the idea of homo sociologicus, psychological behaviourism and psychoanalysis, sociobiology with evolutionary inclinations, the theory of rational choice and the Marxist approach.
Demokracja nieprzedstawicielska – egalitarne „wyjście awaryjne”czy narzędzie autorytarnych populistów?
Authors: Rydliński Bartosz
Published: May 2021

The article presents the main ideological and theoretic assumptions of non-representative democracy, having historically strongly left-wing character, not an easy practice of applying this form of democracy in Polish and European conditions. The author tries to indicate a certain dialectic dualism of direct democracy, which more and more often constitutes contemporary crisis of liberal democracy in the contemporary debate on the negative impact of neoliberal globalization on democratic political system.
Metatext operator “to put it mildly”: the specificity of functionality
Authors: Liu Enshuai , Sheremetyeva Elena Sergeevna
Published: May 2021

The object of this research is the introductory-modal phrase “to put it mildly”, viewed in pragmatic aspect. From the perspective of pragmatics, this phrase fulfills the function of metatext operator that forms the speaker's reflection towards their utterance. The unit “to put it mildly” is a typical meta-operator, as it includes a locutionary verb. The goal of this research is to determine the specificity of the phrase “to put it mildly” in carrying out the meta-operator function, as well as to establish its typical contexts and lexical compatibility. The research material was collected based on the Russian National Corpus using the method of continuous sampling. The author reveals that the phrase “to put it mildly” as a meta-operator combines two opposite functions: on the one hand, softens the extreme of the utterance, while on the other hand – enhances negative assessment of the fact of reality. Moreover, as the development of these functions, it acquires the ability to attribute the properties of contextual euphemism to the commented nomination. The indicated functional specificity is closely related to the lexical compatibility of meta-operator and the types of contexts. Most frequent contexts imply negation formed with the particle / prefix NOT. The lexical compatibility of meta-operator is predetermined by the aspects of speaker’s assessment of the facts of surrounding reality. The article describes most frequent aspects of such assessment. The acquired results may be applied in teaching Russian as a foreign language, as well as in lexicographic practice for creating metadata dictionary.
From Access to Quality? Examining the Interim Quasi-State Schools for Rural Migrants in Urban China
Authors: Yu Hui , Huang Wei-Lin
Published: May 2021

This article focuses on the educational quality of the newly emerged quasi-state schools for rural migrant children in urban China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 government officers, school leaders, teachers and migrant parents in Shanghai. Adopting a theoretical perspective of policy as a temporary settlement of interests, the article deconstructs the power relations that constructed the disadvantaged positionality of these schools in the local school system. What can be identified from the empirical data is the emergence of an “interim quasi-state school system” with three interrelated features: it belongs to the state sector, offers quasi-state education and has an interim nature. Under the local government’s low-cost and inferior schooling approach, the whole system is treated as an emergency mechanism for solving the floating children’s schooling problem, rather than as regular schools offering high quality education. While realising the children’s right to education, this system does not guarantee them a “good” education.
On a Trajectory for Success—9 in Every 10 People With a Degenerative Meniscus Tear Have Improved Knee Function Within 2 Years After Treatment: A Secondary Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Berg Bjørnar , Roos Ewa M. , Kise Nina Jullum , Engebretsen Lars , Holm Inger , Risberg May Arna
Published: May 2021

Objective

To identify trajectories of patient-reported knee function over 5 years in patients with degenerative meniscal tears, and to explore whether baseline characteristics were associated with trajectories of sport and recreational function.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

We conducted a secondary exploratory analysis of the Odense-Oslo Meniscectomy Versus Exercise randomized controlled trial. Patient-reported knee function was assessed with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at baseline, 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify subgroups of patients who followed distinctive patterns of change. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations of patient demographics, knee function, and disease-related factors with KOOS sport and recreational function subscale trajectories.

Results

The analysis of data from a sample of 140 participants identified 3 trajectories for all KOOS subscales: (1) low, minimal improvement (10%-12% of the participants), (2) moderate, gradual improvement (20%-36%), and (3) high, early improvement (53%-70%). Baseline prognostic factors for deteriorating function in sport and recreational activities were higher body mass index, poorer mental health, greater knee pain, lower perceived knee function, poorer quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength, poorer functional performance, more meniscal extrusion, and radiographic signs of knee osteoarthritis.

Conclusion

We found 3 distinct trajectories of patient-reported knee function over 5 years: (1) low, minimal improvement, (2) moderate, gradual improvement, and (3) high, early improvement. Nine in every 10 participants improved at least gradually over 2 years after diagnosis of a degenerative meniscal tear. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(6):289–297. Epub 10 May 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10025
Latent Class Analysis to Predict Outcomes of Early High-Intensity Physical Therapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty, Based on Longitudinal Trajectories of Walking Speed
Authors: Dandis Rana , Westeneng Jacco M. , Inthout Joanna , Nijhuis-Van der Sanden Maria W.G. , Harmelink Karen E. , Teerenstra Steven , Hoogeboom Thomas J.
Published: May 2021

Objective

To (1) classify patients who are recovering from total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on walking speed during an early physical therapy program, and (2) assess whether walking-speed trajectory predicts performance on the timed up-and-go (TUG) test.

Design

Cohort study.

Methods

We included 218 patients from a 10-day physical therapy program after TKA. A latent class mixed model was used to classify patients according to their walking-speed trajectory during the program. We assessed the change in TUG test score from pre-TKA to 6 weeks and 1 year after TKA. The association between change in TUG test score and walking-speed trajectory was assessed using multivariable regression.

Results

There were 2 groups with distinct walking-speed trajectories: a high-gain group (46%) and a low-gain group (54%). There was no significant association between change in TUG test score and walking-speed trajectory after TKA and physical therapy. Function (based on TUG test performance) improved for all patients 1 year after TKA, irrespective of walking-speed trajectory (ie, high or low gain) early in postoperative physical therapy.

Conclusion

Although we distinguished different groups based on functional outcomes during physical therapy, the clinical relevance of classifying patients based on walking speed remains unclear, as it did not predict short- and long-term functional outcomes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(7):362–371. Epub 10 May 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10299
Exploring Integrated Care for Musculoskeletal and Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Gleadhill Connor , Kamper Steven J. , Lee Hopin , Williams Christopher M.
Published: May 2021

Synopsis

Integrated care is a continuum of services delivered by a system organized around the health needs of people rather than diseases. People with chronic musculoskeletal pain often live with coexisting chronic health conditions. Current care for musculoskeletal pain remains narrowly focused on individual painful conditions, despite the complex health needs of patients. We explore the challenges of delivering integrated care to people with musculoskeletal pain and coexisting chronic health conditions. We discuss these challenges in relation to 3 areas: (1) the relationships between musculoskeletal conditions and other chronic health conditions, (2) the factors that impact the clinician's capacity to provide integrated care for musculoskeletal conditions, and (3) system-level constraints that impact both the clinician's delivery of care and the patient's health care experience. We suggest ways by which clinicians and researchers may move toward better integrated care for musculoskeletal pain and coexisting chronic health conditions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(6):264–268. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10428
Recent Injury, Severe Radiographic Change, and Lower Quadriceps Strength Increase Risk of Knee Pain Exacerbation During Walking: A Within-Person Knee-Matched Study
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Zhikun , Ferreira Manuela , Wise Barton , Hunter David J. , Tao Ke , Lin Jianhao , Zhang Yuqing
Published: May 2021

Objective

To examine the associations of knee injury, radiographic osteoarthritis severity, and quadriceps strength with knee pain exacerbation during walking.

Design

Within-person knee-matched case-control study.

Methods

Participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative who completed a 20-m walking test at the 24-month visit were included. Pain exacerbation was defined as an increase in pain intensity of 1 or more on a numeric rating scale (0 as no pain and 10 as the worst imaginable pain) while completing the 20-m walking test. We used conditional logistic regression to assess the relation of recent knee injury, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade, and quadriceps strength to unilateral knee pain exacerbation during walking.

Results

We included 277 people who experienced unilateral knee pain exacerbation during the walking test. Recent knee injury was associated with pain exacerbation during walking, with an odds ratio of 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3, 9.2). Compared with knees with a KL grade of 0, the odds ratios of pain exacerbation during walking were 1.3 (95% CI: 0.7, 2.7), 3.3 (95% CI: 1.5, 7.1), and 8.1 (95% CI: 3.1, 21.1) for knees with KL grades of 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Painful knees with a deficit in quadriceps strength of greater than or equal to 4% had a 1.4-fold (95% CI: 1.0, 1.9) higher risk of pain exacerbation during walking than their pain-free counterparts.

Conclusion

Recent knee injury, more severe radiographic osteoarthritis, and lower quadriceps strength were associated with an increased risk of knee pain exacerbation during walking. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(6):298–304. Epub 10 May 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9735
Current Nutritional Support in Critical Ill Covid-19 Patients: A Brief Review
Authors:   Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, N Pahlavani , JG Navashenaq ,   Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
Published: May 2021

Covid-19 is a high prevalence of pneumonia of pathless cause in that started in 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Five to 10% of the coronavirus SARSCoV- 2-infected patients, i.e., with new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are presenting with an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). However, nutrition is an important element of care. The nutritional assessment and the early nutritional care management of COVID-19 patients must be integrated into the overall therapeutic strategy. Absence of treatment for this new virus, finding alternative methods to prevent and control the disease is important. Having a well-functioning immune system is essential for the host’s defense against pathogenic organisms. Malnutrition can lead to an impaired immune system during life. Even though the immune system response to infection is itself a factor that could lead to nutritional status impairment. Deficiency of some nutrients can lead to disorders of immune system. Adequate intake of vitamins (A, D, Bs, C and E), minerals (selenium, zinc and iron) and omega-3 fatty acids are among the essential factors in proper immune system function and the international recommendations on nutrition in the ICU should be followed. Some specific issues about the nutrition of the COVID-19 patients in the ICU should be emphasized. We propose a flow chart and ten key issues for optimizing the nutrition management of COVID-19 patients in the ICU.
Amphiphilic Stilbene Derivatives Attenuate the Neurotoxicity of Soluble Aβ42 Oligomers by Controlling Their Interactions with Cell Membranes
Authors: Yu Zhengxin , Guo Weijie , Cho Hong-Jun , Patel Shrey , Mirica Liviu M.
Published: May 2021

Misfolded proteins or polypeptides commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are promising drug targets for developing therapeutic agents. To target the amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and oligomers, the hallmarks of AD, we have developed twelve amphiphilic small molecules with different hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragments. In vitro binding experiments (i.e., fluorescence saturation assays) demonstrated that these amphiphilic compounds show high binding affinity to both Aβ plaques and oligomers, and six of them exhibit even higher binding affinity toward Aβ oligomers. These amphiphilic compounds can also label ex vivo Aβ species in the brain sections of transgenic AD mice, as shown by immunostaining with an Aβ antibody. Molecular docking studies were performed to help understand the structure-affinity relationships. To our delight, four amphiphilic compounds can alleviate Cu2+-Aβ induced toxicity in mouse neuroblastoma N2a via cell toxicity assays. In addition, confocal fluorescence imaging studies provided evidence that compounds ZY-15-MT and ZY-15-OMe can disrupt the interactions between Aβ oligomers and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell membranes. Overall, these studies suggest that developing compounds with amphiphilic properties that target Aβ oligomers can be an effective strategy for small molecule AD therapeutics.
Stability and Optical Absorption of a Comprehensive Virtual Library of Minimal Eumelanin Oligomer Models
Authors: wang jun , Blancafort Lluís
Published: May 2021

Eumelanin is the black biopolymer responsible for photoprotection in living organisms. Lack of knowledge of the atomic-level structure limits understanding of its function and exploitation of its potential in material science. To overcome these limitations, we present a systematic density functional theory study of the stability and optical properties of a library of 830 dimers of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI), which are minimal models of eumelanin oligomers. Our aim is to understand the principles that govern the formation of DHI oligomers, relate the optical properties of the dimers with their stability, and establish their possible role in the photophysics of the biopolymer. From the structural point of view, we find a preference for oxidized over reduced and cyclic over linear structures, which speaks in favor of polycyclic graphite-like structures for the larger oligomers. We present an electrocyclization mechanism leading to the cyclic structures. We also find that besides the widely considered quinone and quinone methide oxidation patterns where two heteroatoms per DHI fragment are oxidized, dimers with one or three oxidized sites per fragment and an interfragment double bond are also stable and may be present in eumelanin. As far as the optical properties are concerned, some oxidized dimers combine relative stability with absorption energies as low as 1.3 eV. Such fragments may be present as substructures in the naturally found oligomers and might have a relevant contribution to the absorption spectrum of the biopolymer. In addition to these insights into the struc-tural and optical properties of the oligomers, we introduce a new classification scheme and a representative set of 53 dimers combining thermodynamic stability with chemical diversity.
Versatile 3D-Printed Micro-Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Schütt Fabian M. , Zeller Sven J. , Eckl Maximilian J. , Matzik Felix M. , Heubach Maren-Kathrin , Tanja Geng , Hermann Johannes M. , Uhl Matthias , Kibler Ludwig A. , Engstfeld Albert , Jacob Timo
Published: May 2021

While numerous reference electrodes suitable for aqueous electrolytes exist, there is no well-defined standard for non-aqueous electrolytes. Furthermore, reference electrodes are often large and do not meet the size requirements for small cells. In this work, we present a simple method for fabricating stable 3D-printed micro-reference electrodes. The prints are made from polyvinylidene fluoride, which is chemically inert in strong acids, bases, and commonly used non-aqueous solvents. We chose six different reference systems based on Ag, Cu, Zn, and Na, including three aqueous and three non-aqueous systems to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. Subsequently, we conducted cyclic voltammetry experiments and measured the potential difference between the aqueous home-made reference electrodes and a commercial Ag/AgCl-electrode. For the non-aqueous reference electrodes, we chose the ferrocene redox couple as an internal standard. From these measurements, we deduced that this new class of micro-reference electrodes is leak-tight and shows a stable electrode potential.
Barrier-Lowering Effects of Baird Antiaromaticity in Photoinduced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) Reactions
Authors: Karas Lucas , Wu Chia-Hua , Wu Judy
Published: May 2021

Baird antiaromaticity plays a central role in the photochemistry of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions. We recognize that many popular organic chromophores that catalyze photoinduced PCET reactions are Hückel aromatic in the ground state, but gain significant Baird antiaromatic character in the lowest ππ* state, having important barrier-lowering effects for electron transfer. Two examples, 1) the photolytic O–H bond dissociation of phenol and 2) solar water splitting in the pyridine-water complex, are discussed. Contrary to an assumed homolytic O–H bond dissociation, both reactions proceed through loss (and gain) of an electron in the π-system (i.e., antiaromaticity relief), followed by heterolytic cleavage of the polar O–H bond near barrierlessly. Nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), ionization energies (IE), electron affinities (EA), and excited-state PCET energy profiles of selected [4n] and [4n+2] π-systems are presented.
Evolución e impacto de la infodemia en la población infantil en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Cevallos-Robalino Doménica , Reyes-Morales Nicolás , Rubio-Neira Mario
Published: May 2021

La provisión de información oportuna, clara y correcta constituye una importante estrategia de control del pánico y de contención de un brote pandémico; sin embargo, al no ser una de las tareas prioritarias, da lugar a otro de los enemigos letales, que hoy en día enmarca otra crisis dentro de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 como lo es la infodemia, cuyas consecuencias han afectado a toda la población a nivel mundial, vulnerando especialmente a un grupo del que poco se habla, y que constituye nuestra población de estudio, los niños.

En este artículo se propone un análisis reflexivo que desmitifique falsos constructos acerca del bajo impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19, a través de una descripción cronológica de los diferentes eventos alrededor de la población infantil, que fueron construyendo los pilares de la infodemia en esta población, planteando tres momentos: el primero, al inicio de la pandemia, con una invisibilización de los niños ante el virus; el segundo momento de estigma bajo la figura de “super contagiadores” y el tercer momento donde se evidencia la crisis consecuencia del fracaso en la comunicación de información en este grupo poblacional.

El mundo se enfrenta a la pandemia y además a la necesidad actual de una justicia comunicativa, que incluya a los niños como grupo primario de atención. Con un abordaje desde la determinación social, se plantea una nueva normalidad que incluya el empoderamiento de los niños con información real y clara para combatir, desde su corta edad, el virus de la infodemia.
Comparación de las estructuras de difusión de información errónea y verídica en las redes sociales durante una emergencia de salud pública
Authors: Safarnejad Lida , Xu Qian , Ge Yaorong , Krishnan Siddharth , Bagarvath Arunkumar , Chen Shi
Published: May 2021

Objetivos. Elaborar un esquema operativo integral para detectar la información errónea principal sobre el zika distribuida en Twitter® en el 2016; reconstruir las redes por las que se difunde información mediante retuiteo; contrastar la información verídica frente a la errónea con diversos parámetros; e investigar cómo se difundió en las redes sociales la información errónea sobre el zika durante la epidemia.

Métodos. Revisamos sistemáticamente los 5 000 tuits más retuiteados con información sobre el zika en inglés, definimos “información errónea” a partir de la evidencia, buscamos tuits que tuvieran información errónea y conformamos un grupo equiparable de tuits con información verídica. Elaboramos un algoritmo para reconstruir las redes de retuiteo de 266 tuits con información errónea y 458 tuits equiparables con información verídica. Calculamos y comparamos nueve parámetros para caracterizar la estructura de las redes a varios niveles, entre los dos grupos.

Resultados. En los nueve parámetros se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo de información verídica y el de información errónea. La información errónea en general se difunde mediante estructuras más sofisticadas que la información verídica. También hay una considerable variabilidad intragrupal.

Conclusiones. Las redes de difusión de la información errónea sobre el zika en Twitter fueron sustancialmente diferentes que las de información verídica, lo cual indica que la información errónea se sirve de mecanismos de difusión distintos. Nuestro estudio permitirá formar una comprensión más holística de los desafíos que plantea la información errónea sobre salud en las redes sociales.
Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fibers Reinforced with Poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors:   R & D Center, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560078, Karnataka, India, Anand Manasa V , Ravishankar R ,   R & D Center, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560078, Karnataka, India, S Vasist Kiran ,   R & D Center, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560078, Karnataka, India, H N Madhu ,   R & D Center, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560078, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2021

The demands for materials made of plastics are rapidly increasing, especially in food packaging application. Recently, attention has been drawn to the use of bio-reinforced composites in packaging, automotive, medical and construction applications due to increased concern for environmental sustainability. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films reinforced with crystals (unbleached) prepared by solution casting method possessed significantly improved properties compared to film reinforced with cellulose (bleached). From the results, PVA films with the addition of 4% (w/w) of crystalline cellulose exhibited best combination of properties. In addition to good mechanical properties, this composite has good water resistance and biodegradability. The water absorption of biocomposite was found to be 22.63%. From X - ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, diffraction peaks of biocomposite was observed at 2θ = 22.4384. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis it was found that fractures at surfaces of biocomposite film were smooth and even without any porosity and uniform dispersion of jute crystals in the matrix.
Estimating the seasonal relationship between land surface temperature and normalized difference bareness index using Landsat data series
Authors: GUHA Subhanil , GOVİL Himanshu
Published: May 2021

The present study analyzes the seasonal variability of the relationship between the land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference bareness index (NDBaI) on different land use/land cover (LULC) in Raipur City, India by using sixty-five Landsat images of four seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter) of 1991-1992, 1995-1996, 1999-2000, 2004-2005, 2009-2010, 2014-2015, and 2018-2019. The mono-window algorithm was used to retrieve LST and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to generate the LST-NDBaI relationship. The post-monsoon season builds the best correlation (0.59) among the four seasons. The water bodies builds a moderate to strong positive correlation (>0.50) in all the four seasons. On green vegetation, this correlation is moderate to strong positive (>0.54) in the three seasons, except the pre-monsoon season. The built-up area and bare land generate a moderate positive correlation (>0.34) in all the four seasons. Among the four seasons, the post-monsoon season builds the best correlation for all LULC types, whereas the pre-monsoon season has the least correlation. This research work is useful for environmental planning of other citieswith similar climatic conditions.
Álgebra nos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental: reflexões a partir dos PCN e da BNCC para construção do pensamento algébrico significativo
Authors: Kuhn Malcus Cassiano , Lima Eveline
Published: May 2021

Os índices aquém do considerado básico para estudantes brasileiros, nas avaliações nacionais e internacionais, apontam para possíveis déficits na aprendizagem de Matemática, inclusive, uma deficiência no ensino de álgebra. Nesse contexto, o artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a álgebra nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental (EF), a partir dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), para construção do pensamento algébrico significativo no cotidiano escolar. Possui uma abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de um estudo bibliográfico. Nos PCN, a álgebra compunha um dos conteúdos trabalhados pelo bloco Números e Operações, sendo sua abordagem explícita a partir do 3º ciclo do EF. A Base atribuiu papel de destaque à álgebra, quando a definiu como uma das cinco unidades temáticas da Matemática, propondo trabalhá-la desde o 1º ano do EF, através da construção gradativa de conhecimentos, tirando do 8º ano o compromisso de enfatizá-la massivamente. Diante do exposto, observa-se que a BNCC apresenta uma proposta mais detalhada para álgebra, pautada na dissolução dos conteúdos em todo o EF, na tentativa de promover o desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico significativo, o que gera expectativas de reorganização curricular como uma das alternativas para melhora no desempenho dos estudantes brasileiros em Matemática.
GENEALOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SHEEP SOUTHERN MEAT BREED
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution “Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine”, Krasnodar, KULIKOVA A.YA.
Published: May 2021

Improving the productive qualities and breeding values sheep southern meat breed in the gene pool of a closed herd population is based on the use of the developed rotational diagram of the selection of rams to ewes with purebred breeding, providing a number of generations maintaining a high level of productivity of sheep intense and their advantage in live weight - 36.5%, fertility - 20.8%, precocity, from 15.1% to 18.3 percent, and wool productivity - up to 36%, compared to the requirements for the breed,as well as the repair of the herd at the expense of its own reproduction without the expensive import of paternal breeds.
Concert and performance activity in professional training of future teacher of music art
Authors: Mariya Skuratovska
Published: May 2021

Concert and performance activity is an important component for future music teachers. It encourages them to analyse their needs, interests, inclinations. It contributes to the formation of personal significance, emotional confidence, ensures the independence of the performer in the process of professional training. Thus, the insufficient elaboration of the problem of preparation of a future music teacher for concert and performance activity becomes an actual one in the art educational process. The article is devoted to the problem of concert and performance activity of a future music teacher in the process of professional training. It reveals the principles of forming the readiness of a future teacher of music for concert and performance practice, analyses the research on this issue. The purpose of the article is to reveal the influence of the concert and performance activity as a kind of artistic creativity on the process of professional training of a future music teacher. The scope of research on this issue includes the definition of the most effective ways and methods of preparing future music teachers for concert and performance activity, as well as numerous aspects of the creative process in which the future musician-performer is involved. The methods and techniques of diagnosing the characteristics of an individual and his performance qualities are of particular importance. This allows identifying “problem issues” that require active pedagogical influence to overcome existing shortcomings. Universal approaches (systemic, axiological, competence) must be constantly combined with individual-personal, which takes into account the features (physiological, mental, ideological, etc.) that are specific to this person and that distinguish him from everyone else. The individual-personal approach is one of the most important tasks of studying the professional and spiritual formation of the person for the future music teacher. It defines the ability to create his / her own original musical world embodying the maintenance and values of a mussician-performer as the basic criterion of the readiness for professional concert and performance activity.
THE ROLE OF THE HUMANITIES AND CULTURE IN THE ACADEMY
Authors: Nitza Davidovitch
Published: May 2021

Since the days of ancient Greece until 19th century Europe, the humanities have enjoyed respectable and prestigious status. From the second half of the 1990s the status of the humanities and their prestige have changed, primarily due to the depreciation of humanities studies in a purposeful generation, and the scanty representation of graduates of the humanities in the centers of power and employment. This, in addition to a change in the values of universities — from excellence in research to professional excellence, value changes that have taken place in societies and cultures around the world, as they have in Israel. Humanities careers are not perceived as financially profitable and do not ensure future employment, even for those who wish to focus on an academic career at institutions of higher education or in schools, because there is no demand. Emphasis is placed on the study of mathematics, English, technology, and these are perceived as more “valuable”. With regard to the public-social status, these professions no longer offer prestige or esteem on the part of society. The reduction in demand for the humanities is evident from the number of students, and here the question is whether we should continue to teach and expand the study of the humanities, with all the budgetary implications of operating these programs, in an age when it seems that there is no demand. There are those who believe that the continuing provision of the humanities studies at this time, is a waste of academic resources. In contrast, others claim that although significant resources are invested in faculties of the humanities, the value of their research output is great and therefore there is need to continue funding these fields, and even to allocate additional resources to humanities research and to programs for outstanding students, with the goal of attracting additional students to the humanities. This study looks at the profile of students of the humanities, both high school students and high school graduates over the age of 18. In total, 136 subjects participated in this study (73 males and 60 females). The results show a positive and significant correlation between attitudes regarding the humanities and motivation to study these subjects in the future. In addition, a positive correlation was found between values of honesty, helping others, and contribution to the country, and motivation to study the humanities. The findings of this study contribute by daring to challenge the perception concerning the insignificant status of the humanities in our day and age — aimed at eliminating and rendering them irrelevant.
Bourdieu’s Field Theory and Science Education: Possible Articulations and Appropriations
Authors: Massi Luciana , Agostini Gabriela , Nascimento Matheus Monteiro
Published: May 2021

Based on contributions from the sociology of science in the field of Science Education, this article aims to explore and elucidate the concept of fields, formulated by Pierre Bourdieu, in the objects of study of this area. This theoretical study is structured in three parts, which are articulated throughout the text: a synthesis of the general and invariable principles of fields; an elaboration of an analogy between the different field theories (sociology and physics); a discussion about the appropriation of field theories in research studies on Science Education that use them. We discuss the field as a social space, the agents’ habitus, the positions in the field, disputes and interests, distribution of the specific capital, limits, boundaries, and the field autonomy. An interpretation of this complex Bourdieusian concept was defended, in a way to determine the limits of the field and their agents, based on how research has appropriated it. Therefore, a theoretical framework was advanced, coming up with the possible and effective articulations between Science Education and Bourdieu’ Sociology of Science.
The comparative productivity of spring rape varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region
Authors: Cherkasova Evgeniya Anatolyevna , Rzayeva Valentina Vasilievna
Published: May 2021

Research objective is to determine the optimal seeding rate of varieties and hybrids of spring rape for seeds in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The subject of research are varieties and hybrids of spring rape. On the experimental fields of the Esil State Grain and Feed Varietal Testing Site located in the Republic of Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan Region, Esil District, the village of Yavlenka in 2019-2020 years, a competitive test of spring rape was carried out, represented by 5 varieties: Geros, Maykudyk, Hunter, Machaon and 3 hybrids: Caliber, Bilder, GEN0009. The main accounts and observations were carried out according to the approved methodology of the state variety testing. The carried out researches established that seed productivity of rape plants is in close interrelation from meteorological conditions of the vegetative period and studied variants of experience. After studying the seeding rates, we came to the conclusion that the greatest productivity is provided by rapeseed with a seeding rate of 2.0 million and 2.5 million. germinating seeds, and with an increase in the seeding rate, the yield decreases, from the presented samples over the years of testing, the Maykudyk variety and the Builder hybrid were selected, which distinguished themselves by a constant and full-fledged harvest, unlike other tested samples.
Fiber flax and hemp cultiation, seed breeding and seed production technical equipment
Authors: Davydova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Chaplygin Mikhail Evgenievich , Popov Roman Andreevich
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the issues of technological infrastructure for performing production steps during the cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest processing of fiber flax and industrial hemp in breeding and primary seed production; the current state of production of these industrial crops is covered as well. The main developers and manufacturers of machinery and equipment for breeding and primary seed production are presented. The main problems have been identified in the mechanization of breeding and seed production of fiber flax (shortage of domestic dedicated equipment for the sowing stages [drills having a row spacing of 6 cm and a sowing depth of 2 cm] and harvesting [flax pullers, flax turners, fluffers, and balers]) and industrial hemp: this is mechanization of the sowing and harvesting of crops, since general-purpose machines perform all other production steps (tillage, fertilizer application and crop tending.) The main areas of the development of mechanization of breeding and seed production of industrial crops have been determined.
Oncocytic papillary cystadenoma of right laryngeal ventricle
Authors: Tomasz Ścięgosz , Renata Kwiatek , Izabela El-Hassanieh , Piotr Ziółkowski
Published: May 2021

A case of oncocytic papillary cystadenoma in a 72-year old woman, a rare tumor of laryngeal seromucinous glands of unclear nature is presented. The patient had a history of chronic inflammation of laryngeal mucosa and both her age and tumor location were typical. The lesion was resected transorally without complications. Histological findings are shown in the present study. The controversial status of oncocytic papillary cystadenoma as either a true neoplasm or a combination of metaplastic and hyperplastic changes, its resemblance to Warthin’s tumor and optimal approach to treatment are discussed.
Regeneration of deep intrabony periodontal defects with enamel matrix derivative: A case report
Authors: Lopes Otão P , Mascarenhas P
Published: May 2021

A clinical case of treatment of two severe intrabony defects on the aesthetic zone is reported and followed for one year. The biomaterial of choice was enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®; Straumann™) alone with a preservation papilla flap and a minimally invasive surgical technique. After surgical treatment, the patient was kept in a supportive periodontal therapy programme with 6-month interval between appointments. In the one year after surgery appointment, clinical and radiographic changes were observed, showing periodontal health and stability.
Effect of Phenolic Components of Earth Apple (Helianthus Tuberosus) in the Inhibiting of Oxidation and Extension the Shelf-life of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Al-Mudhafr Adnan W. H. , Raheem Wafaa A.
Published: May 2021

Earth Apple (Helianthus tuberosus) phenolic compounds were extracted using two methods ethanol extraction (98 percent ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature) and water extraction (distilled water for 24 hours at room temperature). To measure the sum of phenols in the extract, the Folin-Ciocateu method was used. The alcohol extract gave a higher phenol content of 58.29 mg/g (gallic acid), while the alcoholic extract had flavonoids 26.63 mg/g (gallic acid). Water extract was phenols content of 42.62 mg/g (gallic acid) while the alcoholic extract had flavonoids 11.23 mg/g (gallic acid). The alcoholic extract from Earth Apple gave the highest antioxidant effect at 88.32%, while the water extract was 77.43%. The inhibitory effect of the added Earth Apple extract oil to inhibit oxidation, remove concentrations (0.1, 0.15, 0.2 percent) of Palm Oil and Sunflower oil as it exceeded the reduction of peroxide values during the reservoir periods (15, 30, 45, 60 days).