bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Kampo Japanese Traditional Medicine daikenchuto After Colorectal Resection
Authors: Fujii Takaaki , Morita Hiroki , Sutoh Toshinaga , Yajima Reina , Tsutsumi Soichi , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: August 2016

Here we analyzed whether Daikenchuto (DKT) suppresses postoperative inflammatory reactions in patients who have undergone elective colorectal surgery. DKT is one of the most frequently prescribed traditional (Kampo) medicines in Japan. DKT is reported to have various beneficial effects on bowel disorders. It was recently reported that DKT also has an anti-inflammatory effect. Consecutive patients with colorectal cancer who underwent elective colorectal resection were separated into two groups. A total of 67 patients began a DKT regimen after surgery (DKT group) and 53 patients did not begin the DKT regimen after surgery (control group). We observed a steady postsurgery increase in the white blood cell (WBC) count of all patients on postoperative day 1 (POD 1), whereas the WBC count decreased at PODs 3 and 7. When we compared the WBC values of the DKT group (6147.2 ± 2217.3 per microliter) and control (7071.1 ± 2828.0 per microliter) groups on POD 7, we found significant differences (P = 0.038). There was no significant side effect due to DKT, except for one case of mildly impaired liver function. Our results suggest that DKT administration may have an anti-inflammatory effect during the postoperative period. Further studies are warranted to investigate the possibility of using DKT as a therapeutic agent based on its anti-inflammatory effect.
A Resected Case of Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Duodenum, Mimicking Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct
Authors: Kubo Norio , Suzuki Hideki , Ishii Norihiro , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Watanabe Akira , Araki Kenichiro , Wada Satoshi , Wada Wataru , Mochida Yasushi , Saito Fumiyoshi , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: August 2016

Duodenum mucinous carcinoma is very rare, and the prognosis of the patient is very bad, especially when the tumor is invasive to other organs. In this case, duodenum carcinoma was invasive to common bile duct and transverse colon. Mucinous fluid, which was secreted from a duodenum tumor, was found in the dilatated bile duct. The intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct was considered a differential diagnosis. We performed aggressive resection and had a good prognosis. A 74-year-old woman received a diagnosis of cholangitis and was treated with antibiotic drugs. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a defect in the lower common bile duct with the mucoid fluid. We suspected intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct, but no malignant cells were detected. One year later, gastrointestinal fiberscopy revealed a villous tumor in the postbulbar portion of the duodenum; adenocarcinoma was detected in biopsy specimens. Computed tomography revealed dilatation of the duodenum with an enhanced tumor, and dilatation of both the common and intrahepatic bile ducts. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed that the duodenum was connected with the common bile duct and ascending colon. We resected the segmental duodenum, extrahepatic bile duct, left lobe of liver, a partial of the transverse colon, and associated lymph nodes. Although the advanced duodenal carcinoma had poor prognosis, the patient was alive, without recurrence, 5 years after the operation.
Long-Term Outcomes of Colon Cancer Patients Undergoing Standardized Technique Operation With Curative Intent
Authors: Akgun Erhan , Caliskan Cemil , Yoldas Tayfun , Karaca Can , Karabulut Bulent , Doganavsargil Basak , Yasar Hasan , Kose Timur
Published: August 2016

There is no defined standard surgical technique accepted worldwide for colon cancer, especially on the extent of resection and lymphadenectomy, resulting in technical variations among surgeons. Nearly all analyses employ more than one surgeon, thus giving heterogeneous results on surgical treatment. This study aims to evaluate long-term follow-up results of colon cancer patients who were operated on by a single senior colorectal surgeon using a standardized technique with curative intent, and to compare these results with the literature. A total of 269 consecutive patients who were operated on with standardized technique between January 2003 and June 2013 were enrolled in this study. Standardized technique means separation of the mesocolic fascia from the parietal plane with sharp dissection and ligation of the supplying vessels closely to their roots. Patients were assessed in terms of postoperative morbidity, mortality, disease recurrence, and survival. Operations were carried out with a 99.3% R0 resection rate and mean lymph node count of 17.7 nodes per patient. Surviving patients were followed up for a mean period of 57.8 months, and a total of 19.7% disease recurrence was recorded. Mean survival was 113.9 months. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 78% and 75.8% for disease-free survival, 82.6% and 72.9% for overall survival, and 87.5% and 82.9% for cancer-specific survival, respectively. R1 resection and pathologic characteristics of the tumor were found to be the most important prognostic factors according to univariate and Cox regression analyses. Standardization of surgical therapy and a dedicated team are thought to make significant contributions to the improvement of prognosis.
Atmospheric river landfall‐latitude changes in future climate simulations
Authors: Shields Christine A. , Kiehl Jeffrey T.
Published: August 2016

The latitude of landfall for atmospheric rivers (ARs) is examined in the fully coupled half‐degree version of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) for warm future climate simulations. Two regions are examined: U.S. West Coast/North Pacific ARs and United Kingdom/North Atlantic ARs. Changes in AR landfall‐latitude reflect changes in the atmospheric steering flow. West Coast U.S. ARs are projected to push equatorward in response to the subtropical jet climate change. UK AR response is dominated by eddy‐driven jets and is seasonally dependent. UK simulated AR response is modest in the winter with the largest relative changes occurring in the seasonal transition months. Precipitation associated with ARs is also projected to increase in intensity under global warming. CCSM4 projects a marked shift to higher rainfall rates for Southern California. Small to modest rainfall rates may increase for all UK latitudes, for the Pacific Northwest, and central and northern California.
Interhemispheric differences in seasonal cycles of tropospheric ozone in the marine boundary layer: Observation‐model comparisons
Authors: Derwent Richard G. , Parrish David D. , Galbally Ian E. , Stevenson David S. , Doherty Ruth M. , Young Paul J. , Shallcross Dudley E.
Published: August 2016

Marine boundary layer ozone seasonal cycles have been quantified by fitting the sum of two sine curves through monthly detrended observations taken at three stations: Mace Head, Ireland, and Trinidad Head, California, in the Northern Hemisphere and Cape Grim, Tasmania, in the Southern Hemisphere. The parameters defining the sine curve fits at these stations have been compared with those from a global Lagrangian chemistry‐transport model and from 14 Atmospheric Chemistry Coupled Climate Model Intercomparison Project chemistry‐climate models. Most models substantially overestimated the long‐term average ozone levels at Trinidad Head, while they performed much better for Mace Head and Cape Grim. This led to an underestimation of the observed (North Atlantic inflow‐North Pacific inflow) difference. The models generally underpredicted the magnitude of the fundamental term of the fitted seasonal cycle, most strongly at Cape Grim. The models more accurately reproduced the observed second harmonic terms compared to the fundamental terms at all stations. Significant correlations have been identified between the errors in the different models' estimates of the seasonal cycle parameters; these correlations may yield further insights into the causes of the model‐measurement discrepancies.
Stochastic high‐order internal model‐based adaptive TILC with random uncertainties in initial states and desired reference points
Authors: Chi Ronghu , Lin Na , Zhang Ruikun , Huang Biao , Feng Yuanjing
Published: August 2016

Many practical batch processes operate repetitively in industry and lack intermediate measurements for the interested process variables. Moreover, the initial states as well as the desired product objective often vary with different runs because of the existence of many uncertainties in practice. This work proposes a novel adaptive terminal iterative learning control method to deal with random uncertainties in desired terminal points and initial states. The run‐varying initial states are formulated by a stochastic high‐order internal model, which is further incorporated into the controller design. The desired terminal output is run dependent and is directly compensated like a feedback term in the controller. Only the system output at the endpoint of an operation is utilized to update the control signal. An estimation algorithm is designed to update the system Markov parameters as a whole. No explicit model information is involved in the controller design; thus, the proposed method is data driven and can be applied to nonlinear systems directly. Both the theoretical analysis and the simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach under random initial states and iteration‐varying referenced terminal points. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spot Immunomagnetic Enrichment Device for Rapid Detection of Pathogens in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Upadhyay Mohita , Pandey Vikas , Vivekanandan Perumal , Gupta Shalini , Elangovan Ravikrishnan
Published: August 2016

Microbial infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Due to lack of rapid and affordable diagnostics test, patients consume broad spectrum antibiotics without diagnostic confirmation of the pathogen, leading to development of antibiotics resistance among microbes. Detection of pathogen is challenging particularly when only few cells per mL are present among billion other blood cells. A portable and cost‐effective spot immunomagnetic enrichment device has been developed that allows concentration of cells from 1 to 10 mL sample volume up to 10 000× per mL into a small spot inside a disposable millifluidic capture chip. Salmonella typhi, causative agent for typhoid infection has been used to demonstrate the results. Microbes are specifically labeled with antibody‐conjugated magnetic nanoparticles and isolated from bulk sample at 200 μL min−1 flow rate with >90% capture efficiency. Isolated cells are swept to a single spot by decreasing the area under influence of magnetic field and flowing a wash buffer. Using this spot enrichment method, 4 CFU of S. typhi cells enriched from 5 mL sample is detected with turnaround time of less than 1 h.
The economics of growing shrub willow as a bioenergy buffer on agricultural fields: A case study in the Midwest Corn Belt
Authors: Ssegane Herbert , Zumpf Colleen , Cristina Negri M. , Campbell Patty , Heavey Justin P. , Volk Timothy A.
Published: August 2016

Landscape design has been embraced as a promising approach to holistically balance multiple goals related to environmental and resource management processes to meet future provisioning and regulating ecosystem services needs. In the agricultural context, growing bioenergy crops in specific landscape positions instead of dedicated fields has the potential to improve their sustainability, provide ecosystem services, and minimize competition with other land uses. However, growing bioenergy crops in sub‐productive or environmentally vulnerable parts of a field implies more complex logistics as small amounts of biomass are generated in a distributed way across the landscape. We present a novel assessment of the differences in production and logistic costs between business as usual (BAU, dedicated fields), and distributed landscape production of shrub, or short‐rotation willow for bioenergy within a US Midwestern landscape. Our findings show that regardless of the mode of cropping, BAU or landscape design, growing shrub willows is unlikely to provide positive revenues (−$67 to –$303 ha−1 yr−1 at a biomass price of $46.30 Mgwet−1) because of high land rental costs in this agricultural region. However, when translated into a practice cost per unit of N removed at the watershed scale (range: $1.8–37.0 kg N−1 yr−1), the net costs are comparable to other conservation practices. The projected opportunity cost of growing willows instead of corn on underproductive areas varied between –$14 and $49 Mgwet−1. This highlights the potential for willows to be a cost effective choice depending on the intra‐field grain productivity, biomass price and desirable concurrent ecosystem services. © 2016 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permutation‐based inference for the AUC: A unified approach for continuous and discontinuous data
Authors: Pauly Markus , Asendorf Thomas , Konietschke Frank
Published: August 2016

We investigate rank‐based studentized permutation methods for the nonparametric Behrens–Fisher problem, that is, inference methods for the area under the ROC curve. We hereby prove that the studentized permutation distribution of the Brunner‐Munzel rank statistic is asymptotically standard normal, even under the alternative. Thus, incidentally providing the hitherto missing theoretical foundation for the Neubert and Brunner studentized permutation test. In particular, we do not only show its consistency, but also that confidence intervals for the underlying treatment effects can be computed by inverting this permutation test. In addition, we derive permutation‐based range‐preserving confidence intervals. Extensive simulation studies show that the permutation‐based confidence intervals appear to maintain the preassigned coverage probability quite accurately (even for rather small sample sizes). For a convenient application of the proposed methods, a freely available software package for the statistical software R has been developed. A real data example illustrates the application.
Chromatographic method for clobetasol propionate determination in hair follicles and in different skin layers
Authors: Ângelo Tamara , Cunha‐Filho Marcílio S. S. , Gelfuso Guilherme M. , Gratieri Tais
Published: August 2016

Clobetasol propionate (CLO) is a potent steroid used for the treatment of several dermatological diseases. Recent studies suggest its additional use in alopecia topical treatment, generating a demand for novel formulations with specific delivery into hair follicles. Hence, a selective analytical method for drug quantification in follicular structures and skin layers is required. For this, a simple HPLC‐UV method was developed. Quantification was performed using a RP‐C18 column (4.6 mm × 15 cm, 5 μm), with a mixture of methanol–acetonitrile–water (50:15:35 v/v) as mobile phase, a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, oven temperature of 30°C, injection volume of 50 μL and detection at 240 nm. The optimized conditions enabled a 12 min running with CLO elution at 10.1 min and resolution of 2.424 from skin matrix interferences. Validation was performed in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and fulfilled the criteria of selectivity, linearity (0.5–15.0 μg/mL), robustness, precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification (0.02 and 0.07 μg/mL, respectively). The validated method was successfully applied for CLO quantification following in vitro skin permeation experiments and differential tape‐stripping for hair follicle deposition determination, demonstrating its suitability.
Sodium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/Poly(ethylene oxide) Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qi Xingguo , Ma Qiang , Liu Lilu , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Li Hong , Zhou Zhibin , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan
Published: August 2016

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), a promising substitute for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), are considered to have the potential to be employed in large‐scale energy storage systems with lower cost and enhanced safety as primary concerns. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)‐based SIBs will more likely meet these demands, because of their good flame resistance and excellent flexibility compared with conventional organic liquid‐electrolyte‐based SIBs. Here, we describe an SPE composed of sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The NaFSI/PEO (molar ratio of EO/Na+=20) blended polymer electrolyte exhibits a low glass transition temperature (i.e. −37.9 °C), relatively high ionic conductivity (i.e. ≈4.1×10−4 S cm−1 at 80 °C), and enough electrochemical and thermal stability for application in SIBs. Most importantly, the NaFSI/PEO blended polymer electrolyte displays excellent interfacial stability with Na metal in Na/Na cells and good cycling performance in prototype cells with Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 as the cathode material. All of these properties make NaFSI‐based SPEs promising candidates for use in SIBs.
Chemical Leaching of Pt–Cu/C Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction: Activity, Particle Structure, and Relation to Electrochemical Leaching
Authors: Petrova Olga , Kulp Christian , Pohl Marga‐Martina , ter Veen Rik , Veith Lothar , Grehl Thomas , van den Berg Maurits W. E. , Brongersma Hidde , Bron Michael , Grünert Wolfgang
Published: August 2016

Carbon‐supported Pt–Cu alloy nanoparticles (Cu/Pt=2.6 on average) were obtained by a liquid precursor impregnation–reduction technique, with alloying in dilute hydrogen at 800 °C. They were subjected to leaching (chemical—CL: 1 m H2SO4, 80 °C for 36 h, electrochemical—EL: 200 times potential cycling between 0.05 and 1.2 V in 0.1 m HClO4) to study the influence of leaching on their activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and on particle structure, in particular, for the chemical route that provided sufficient material for the characterization techniques employed (X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low‐energy ion scattering). CL resulted in core–shell‐structured nanoparticles, in which an external monolayer of pure Pt covered an alloy core significantly depleted in Cu. Cu/Pt ratios in the cores were distributed around Cu/Pt=0.4–1, which differs from particle architectures described in the literature as a result of EL. The alloy superstructure initially present was destroyed. A minority of pure Pt particles, probably very small in size, coexisted with the alloy particles. The specific ORR activity of these leached nanoparticles was twice that of the original Pt–Cu alloy particles (264 vs. 140 μA cm−2 Pt). Electrochemical leaching applied to the initial particles or to the chemically dealloyed ones also resulted in activation (direct EL −175 μA cm−2 Pt, EL after CL −315 μA cm−2 Pt). Particles with a Cu‐depleted alloy core (EL after CL) provided higher activity after EL.
Simulation of concentrated suspensions in free surface systems
Authors: Javidi Mahyar , Hrymak Andrew N.
Published: August 2016

This study deals with the numerical simulation of free‐surface concentrated suspensions using the finite volume method. The numerical procedure, based on the particle diffusion‐flux model, is implemented in a computational fluid dynamic platform for estimating the particle volume fraction in three‐dimensional flows with arbitrary geometry and boundary conditions. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method has been applied to track the flow interface between liquid and gas, with the solid particles dispersed in the liquid phase, in the free coating process. A finite length cylinder is dip coated, where the substrate is pulled out of a concentrated suspension bath. In the current work, the initial solid particle volume fraction range is 0.1–0.4 and the withdrawal velocity varies in the range of 0.05–0.15 m/s. Comparisons are made between numerical simulation predictions and experimental results for coating layer thickness, with close agreement achieved.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Statin Use Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2012
Authors: Adedinsewo Demilade , Taka Nchang , Agasthi Pradyumna , Sachdeva Rajesh , Rust George , Onwuanyi Anekwe
Published: August 2016

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend statins for adults age ≤75 years who have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (IA) and adults age 40 to 75 years with diabetes mellitus and LDL‐C 70–189 mg/dl (IA). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and likelihood of statin use among selected statin benefit groups. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012, we examined 5319 adults age ≥20 years. We estimated weighted frequencies and prevalence of statin use for adults with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (or low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥70 mg/dL), defined as statin benefit group 1 (SBG1); and for adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, defined as statin benefit group 2 (SBG2). We constructed a logistic regression model to estimate odds of statin use in SBG1. Overall, an estimated 38.6 million Americans are on a statin. In adjusted models, uninsured and Hispanic adults were less likely to be on a statin compared with white adults; 59.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.0‐66.1) of all adults in SBG1, 58.8% (95% CI: 51.5‐66.1) of adults age 40 to 75 in SBG1, and 63.5% (95% CI: 55.6‐71.4) of all adults in SBG2 were on a statin. Although the prevalence of statin use has increased over time, Hispanic ethnicity and lack of insurance remain barriers to statin use. Black‐white racial disparities were not significant. Our study provides a baseline estimate of statin use in the noninstitutionalized population just prior to introduction of the new guidelines and provides a reference for evaluating the impact of the new guidelines on statin utilization.
Computation of a high‐resolution MRI 3D stereotaxic atlas of the sheep brain
Authors: Ella Arsène , Delgadillo José A. , Chemineau Philippe , Keller Matthieu
Published: August 2016

The sheep model was first used in the fields of animal reproduction and veterinary sciences and then was utilized in fundamental and preclinical studies. For more than a decade, magnetic resonance (MR) studies performed on this model have been increasingly reported, especially in the field of neuroscience. To contribute to MR translational neuroscience research, a brain template and an atlas are necessary. We have recently generated the first complete T1‐weighted (T1W) and T2W MR population average images (or templates) of in vivo sheep brains. In this study, we 1) defined a 3D stereotaxic coordinate system for previously established in vivo population average templates; 2) used deformation fields obtained during optimized nonlinear registrations to compute nonlinear tissues or prior probability maps (nlTPMs) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) tissues; 3) delineated 25 external and 28 internal sheep brain structures by segmenting both templates and nlTPMs; and 4) annotated and labeled these structures using an existing histological atlas. We built a quality high‐resolution 3D atlas of average in vivo sheep brains linked to a reference stereotaxic space. The atlas and nlTPMs, associated with previously computed T1W and T2W in vivo sheep brain templates and nlTPMs, provide a complete set of imaging space that are able to be imported into other imaging software programs and could be used as standardized tools for neuroimaging studies or other neuroscience methods, such as image registration, image segmentation, identification of brain structures, implementation of recording devices, or neuronavigation. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:676–692, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variable proopiomelanocortin expression in tanycytes of the adult rat hypothalamus and pituitary stalk
Authors: Wittmann Gábor , Farkas Erzsébet , Szilvásy‐Szabó Anett , Gereben Balázs , Fekete Csaba , Lechan Ronald M.
Published: August 2016

It is generally believed that proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is expressed exclusively by neurons in the adult rodent brain. Unbeknownst to most researchers, however, Pomc in situ hybridization studies in the rat show specific labeling in the ventral wall of the hypothalamic third ventricle, which is formed by specialized ependymal cells, called tanycytes. Here we characterized this non‐neuronal POMC expression in detail using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, and report two unique characteristics. First, POMC mRNA and precursor protein expression in non‐neuronal cells varies to a great degree as to the extent and abundance of expression. In brains with low‐level expression, POMC mRNA and protein was largely confined to a population of tanycytes within the infundibular stalk/caudal median eminence, termed here γ tanycytes, and a subset of closely located β and α2 tanycytes. In brains with high‐level expression, POMC mRNA and protein was observed in the vast majority of α2, β, and γ tanycytes. This variability was observed in both adult males and females; of 41 rats between 8 and 15 weeks of age, 17 had low‐, 9 intermediate‐, and 15 high‐level POMC expression in tanycytes. Second, unlike other known POMC‐expressing cells, tanycytes rarely contained detectable levels of adrenocorticotropin or α‐melanocyte–stimulating hormone. The results indicate either a dynamic spatiotemporal pattern whereby low and high POMC syntheses in tanycytes occur periodically in each brain, or marked interindividual differences that may persist throughout adulthood. Future studies are required to examine these possibilities and elucidate the physiologic importance of POMC in tanycytes. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:411–441, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calibration of parameters for cardiovascular models with application to arterial growth
Authors: Kehl Sebastian , Gee Michael W.
Published: August 2016

We present a computational framework for the calibration of parameters describing cardiovascular models with a focus on the application of growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The growth rate in this sort of pathology is considered a critical parameter in the risk management and is an essential indicator for the assessment of surveillance intervals. Parameters describing growth of AAAs are not measurable directly and need to be estimated from available data often given by medical imaging technologies. Registration procedures often applied in standard workflows of parameter identification to extract the image encoded information are a source of significant systematic error. The concept of surface currents provides means to effectively avoid this source of errors by establishing a mathematical framework to compare surface information, directly accessible from image data. By utilizing this concept it is possible to inversely estimate growth parameters using sophisticated numerical models of AAAs from measurements available as surface information. In this work we present a framework to obtain spatial distributions of parameters governing growth of arterial tissue, and we show how the use of surface currents can significantly improve the results. We further present the application to patient specific follow‐up data resulting in a spatial map of volumetric growth rates enabling, for the first time, prediction of further AAA expansion.
Modeling the mechanics of axonal fiber tracts using the embedded finite element method
Authors: Garimella Harsha T. , Kraft Reuben H.
Published: August 2016

A subject‐specific human head finite element model with embedded axonal fiber tractography obtained from diffusion tensor imaging was developed. The axonal fiber tractography finite element model was coupled with the volumetric elements in the head model using the embedded element method. This technique enables the calculation of axonal strains and real‐time tracking of the mechanical response of the axonal fiber tracts. The coupled model was then verified using pressure and relative displacement‐based (between skull and brain) experimental studies and was employed to analyze a head impact, demonstrating the applicability of this method in studying axonal injury. Following this, a comparison study of different injury criteria was performed. This model was used to determine the influence of impact direction on the extent of the axonal injury. The results suggested that the lateral impact loading is more dangerous compared to loading in the sagittal plane, a finding in agreement with previous studies. Through this analysis, we demonstrated the viability of the embedded element method as an alternative numerical approach for studying axonal injury in patient‐specific human head models.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Circularly Polarized Laser Pulse Propagating in a Magnetized Plasma with q ‐Nonextensive Velocity Distributions
Authors: Etemadpour R. , Sepehri Javan N. , Dorranian D.
Published: August 2016

The nonlinear dynamics of a circularly polarized laser pulse propagating in magnetized plasma contains hot nonextensive q ‐distributed electrons and ions is studied theoretically. A nonlinear equation which describes the dynamics of the slowly varying amplitude electromagnetic wave is obtained using the relativistic two‐fluids model. Some nonlinear phenomena include modulational instability, self‐focusing, soliton formation, and longitudinal and transversal evolutions of laser pulse in nonextensive plasma medium are investigated. Results show that the nonextensivity of particles can substantially change the nonlinearity of medium. The external magnetic field enhances the modulation instability growth rate of right‐hand polarization wave but for the left‐hand polarization the growth rate decreases. The spot size of the laser pulse is strongly affected by the plasma nonextensivity. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The neurotrophin receptor signaling endosome: Where trafficking meets signaling
Authors: Barford Kelly , Deppmann Christopher , Winckler Bettina
Published: August 2016

Neurons are the largest cells in the body and form subcellular compartments such as axons and dendrites. During both development and adulthood building blocks must be continually trafficked long distances to maintain the different regions of the neuron. Beyond building blocks, signaling complexes are also transported, allowing for example, axons to communicate with the soma. The critical roles of signaling via ligand–receptor complexes is perhaps best illustrated in the context of development, where they are known to regulate polarization, survival, axon outgrowth, dendrite development, and synapse formation. However, knowing ‘when’ and ‘how much’ signaling is occurring does not provide the complete story. The location of signaling has a significant impact on the functional outcomes. There are therefore complex and functionally important trafficking mechanisms in place to control the precise spatial and temporal aspects of many signal transduction events. In turn, many of these signaling events affect trafficking mechanisms, setting up an intricate connection between trafficking and signaling. In this review we will use neurotrophin receptors, specifically TrkA and TrkB, to illustrate the cell biology underlying the links between trafficking and signaling. Briefly, we will discuss the concepts of how trafficking and signaling are intimately linked for functional and diverse signaling outputs, and how the same protein can play different roles for the same receptor depending on its localization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419–437, 2017
Photodecarboxylation of Adamantane Amino Acids Activated by Phthalimide
Authors: Mandić Leo , Mlinarić‐Majerski Kata , Griesbeck Axel G. , Basarić Nikola
Published: August 2016

Adamantane α‐, β‐, and δ‐amino acids activated by phthalimide (i.e., 3–6) were synthesized, and their photochemical reactivities were investigated. Amino acid derivatives 3–6 underwent a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and decarboxylation reaction sequence, most probably through a triplet excited state. The decarboxylations of the β‐amino acid derivatives were succeeded by cyclization reactions that afforded complex polycyclic molecules with potential biological interest. The adamantyl radical that is produced by the photoinduced decarboxylation could be trapped by alkenes or oxygen to deliver adducts or alcohols, respectively. The photodecarboxylation process was shown to be more efficient under acetone sensitization conditions (with quantum yields, Φ = 0.02–0.5) than upon direct excitation, and the reactivity was dependent on the chain length (intramolecular distance) between the electron donor (carboxylate) and acceptor (phthalimide in the triplet excited state) of the derivative. The formation of different radicals, that is, the 1‐ or 2‐adamantyl intermediate, probably does not affect the overall rate of the decarboxylation This current report provides a better understanding of photodecarboxylation and the rational design of molecular systems to undergo photoinduced decarboxylation and cyclization reactions.
An Atom‐Economic Approach for Vinylation of Indoles and Phenols Using Calcium Carbide as Acetylene Surrogate
Authors: Rattanangkool Eakkaphon , Vilaivan Tirayut , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Wacharasindhu Sumrit
Published: August 2016

An efficient N‐vinylation of indoles and O‐vinylation of phenols to give N‐vinyl indoles and phenyl vinyl ethers is reported. The vinylated products can be produced in satisfactory to excellent yields (65–92 %) upon treatment of indoles or phenols with calcium carbide in wet solvents in a standard laboratory setup. Key features of this reaction include the use of calcium carbide as a safe and inexpensive slow released acetylene source for N‐ and O‐vinylation under simple reaction conditions without the need for metal catalyst or halogenated substrates.
Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral All‐Benzenoid Biaryls by the Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Alkynones
Authors: Satoh Masakazu , Shibata Yu , Kimura Yuki , Tanaka Ken
Published: August 2016

The cationic gold(I)/(R)‐xyl‐binap complex was shown to catalyze the atroposelective intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynones to produce enantioenriched axially chiral all‐benzenoid biaryls, 4‐aryl‐2‐naphthol derivatives, with up to 67 % ee. The reaction of a racemic alkynone in the presence of the same gold(I) catalyst also afforded the corresponding axially chiral all‐benzenoid biaryl in excellent yield with 70 % ee.
Effective stress law for the permeability of clay‐bearing sandstones by the Modified Clay Shell model
Authors: Moghadam Javad Naseryan , Mondol Nazmul Haque , Aagaard Per , Hellevang Helge
Published: August 2016

In this study, the effective stress law for the permeability of two core plugs selected from Berea (Cleveland Quarries, OH, USA) and Knorringfjellet (Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway) sandstones is studied experimentally by measuring the core permeability (k) under varying confining stress (σc) and pore pressures (Pp). The obtained results demonstrate that the permeabilities of the two core plugs decrease with increasing σc or decreasing Pp. The effective stress coefficient for the permeability (αk) values are more than 1.0 for both sandstone core plugs indicating higher sensitivity of the permeability with respect to the applied Pp compared to the applied σc. The previously presented models for calculating αk, such as the Clay Free, Clay Shell, and Clay Particle models, are discussed and a new modified Clay Shell model considering spherical geometry is presented to account for the considerable contrast between the elastic moduli of quartz and clay minerals. The discussed models strongly depend on the magnitude of the considered elastic moduli for the clay minerals. While the Clay Shell and Clay Particle models are capable of describing the observed αk values by considering extremely low elastic moduli for clays, the new modified Clay Shell model is capable of predicting αk values by considering moderate to low values of elastic moduli of clays. The increasing trend of αk values by increasing the σc is discussed and a new correlation based on the observed k values for calculation of αk is presented. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic self‐representation of interdependent Chinese: The effect of bicultural experience
Authors: Xi Sisi , Mamat Marhaba , Luo Chaoqin , Wu Yanhong
Published: August 2016

The process of globalisation has increased the opportunity for Chinese individuals to utilise influences from other cultures that differ from their own collectivistic culture. The explorations of the impact of acculturation on Chinese individuals' self‐construals have become intriguing. Thus, we recruited German‐Chinese (N = 192) people who live in Germany and had direct bicultural experiences, as well as Mainland‐Chinese (N = 192) people who live in Mainland China and had internalised a second culture through more indirect means of exposure. We investigated their accessibility to both interdependent and independent cultural frameworks using temporal self‐construal priming. The results showed that priming effects were observed in both cultural groups. However, the self‐construals of the German‐Chinese participants were more flexible than those of Mainland‐Chinese under self‐construal priming. Also, the results suggested that women were easier to be influenced by direct bicultural experiences, due to their private and collective self were different between the two cultures. These findings provide evidence regarding the opinion that individuals could use influences from more than one culture. More importantly, these results suggest that the acculturation induced by direct bicultural experiences facilitates cultural frame switching.
The induction of CXCR4 expression in human osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) by CoCr particles is regulated by the PLC‐DAG‐PKC pathway
Authors: Drynda Andreas , Ren Qiang , Buchhorn Gottfried H. , Lohmann Christoph H.
Published: August 2016

Background

Osteolysis which leads to aseptic loosening of implants is a fundamental problem in joint replacement surgery (arthroplasty) and the leading cause for implant failure and revision surgery. Metal (CoCr) particles separated from implants by wear cause osteolysis and the failure of orthopedic implants, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to play a pivotal role in periprosthetic osteolysis. The aim of this study was to determine which signal transduction pathway (PLC‐DAG‐PKC or MAPK/ERK) induces CXCR4 expression in osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) cells.

Methods

MG63 and Jurkat cells were stimulated with different amounts of particles (107, 106, and 105) for different time periods (30 min to 24 h), in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors (chelerythrine for the PLC‐DAG‐PKC pathway and PD98059 for the MAPK/ERK pathway). The expression of CXCR4‐specific mRNA was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PKC activity was measured by Western Blot using an antibody specific for PKC‐related phosphorylation.

Results

Real‐time PCR data showed that CXCR4 mRNA expression in MG63 cells induced by CoCr particles was significantly diminished by the PKC‐specific inhibitor chelerythrine. This effect was not observed with the MAPK/ERK inhibitor PD98059. The involvement of PKC was also confirmed by an intensified phosphorylation pattern after stimulation with CoCr particles. In Jurkat cells, none of the inhibitors exhibited any effect.

Conclusion

The induction of CXCR4‐specific mRNA expression in MG63 cells after stimulation with CoCr particles is regulated by the PLC‐DAG‐PKC pathway and not by the MAPK/ERK pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2326–2332, 2017.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Promotes Osteoclast Formation Via PI3K/Akt Pathway‐Mediated Blimp1 Expression Upregulation
Authors: Wu LeCheng , Guo QunFeng , Yang Jun , Ni Bin
Published: August 2016

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced osteoclastogenesis have profound effects in states of inflammatory osteolysis such as rheumatoid arthritis, periprosthetic implant loosening, and periodontitis. However, the exact mechanisms by which TNF‐α promotes RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation remains poorly understood. B lymphocyte‐induced maturation protein‐1 (Blimp1) is a transcriptional repressor that plays crucial roles in the differentiation and/or function of various kinds of cells including osteoclasts. A novel mechanism was identified where TNF‐α‐mediated Blimp1 expression, which contributed to RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis. It is shown that TNF‐α could promote the level of Blimp1 expression during osteoclast differentiation. Silencing of Blimp1 in osteoclast precursor cells obviously attenuated the stimulatory effect of TNF‐α on osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, TNF‐α‐induced Blimp1 expression was markedly rescued by blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which suggested that PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in the regulation of TNF‐α‐stimulated Blimp1 expression. Taken together, the results established a molecular mechanism of TNF‐α‐induced osteoclasts differentiation, and provided insights into the potential contribution of Blimp1 in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis by TNF‐α. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1308–1315, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HOUSING FIRST, BUT WHAT COMES SECOND? A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF RESIDENT, STAFF AND MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON SINGLE‐SITE HOUSING FIRST PROGRAM ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Clifasefi Seema L. , Collins Susan E. , Torres Nicole I. , Grazioli Véronique S. , Mackelprang Jessica L.
Published: August 2016

Single‐site Housing First (HF) is associated with reduced publicly funded service utilization and costs and alcohol‐related harm for chronically homeless individuals with severe alcohol problems. Many residents, however, continue to experience alcohol‐related problems after their move into single‐site HF. Thus, it is necessary to explore areas for program enhancement after individuals move into single‐site HF. To this end, we collected qualitative data via 30 hours of naturalistic observation, staff focus groups (n = 3), and one‐on‐one interviews with single‐site HF residents (n = 44), program staff (n = 7), and agency management (n = 4). Qualitative analyses were used to construct a conceptual or thematic description of residents’, staff's, and management's suggestions for program enhancement, which comprised 3 areas: (a) enhancing training and support for staff, (b) increasing residents’ access to meaningful activities, and (c) exploring alternate pathways to recovery. Development of programming addressing these areas may help residents continue to reduce alcohol‐related harm and improve health and quality of life after their move into single‐site HF.
INVESTIGATING COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES ON FALLS PREVENTION INFORMATION SEEKING AND DELIVERY: OLDER PERSON PERCEPTIONS REGARDING PREFERENCES FOR FALLS PREVENTION EDUCATION USING A WORLD CAFE APPROACH
Authors: Bulsara Caroline , Khong Linda , Hill Keith , Hill Ann Marie
Published: August 2016

Falls among older people are a significant global socioeconomic problem, and older adults have low levels of self‐perceived risk and a lack of willingness to take up existing falls prevention strategies. We believe that given the challenges of delivering falls prevention information, meaningful engagement of community members would create solutions based on an understanding of what would work best for that community. A World Cafe community forum sought the opinions of 70 community‐dwelling older people about their preferences on how they would best receive and seek falls prevention information that could prevent falls within their age group. Participants evaluated the café as a highly positive experience and felt that learning occurred by way of interaction and “sharing of ideas.” Local communities could develop this participatory approach to engage older people in leading the translation of falls prevention evidence into practice.
OPPORTUNITY ROLE STRUCTURE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND LEADERSHIP: PROCESSES OF FOSTER YOUTH ADVISORY BOARD PARTICIPATION
Authors: Forenza Brad
Published: August 2016

Youth aging out of foster care constitute a vulnerable and understudied population. In spite of evidence that suggests civic participation may be an empowering, developmental process for youth in the general population, few community psychology studies have investigated civic participation among youth aging out of state systems. This qualitative study used in‐depth interviewing with foster Youth Advisory Board leaders as the primary means to explore this intersection. Triangulated data collection also included (a) descriptive survey research with youth leaders, (b) in‐depth interviewing and descriptive research with civic youth workers/adult coordinators, and (c) nonparticipant observation of Youth Advisory Board meetings. Directed content analysis revealed 3 emergent themes (civic literacy, Youth Advisory Board as family, and privileged positions) related to foster youth civic participation. These themes are assumed to support and extend processes allied with intraorganizational empowerment (opportunity role structure, social support, and leadership). Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.
Comparison of ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRA with conventional angiography for assessment of severity of transplant renal artery stenosis
Authors: Fananapazir Ghaneh , Bashir Mustafa R. , Corwin Michael T. , Lamba Ramit , Vu Catherine T. , Troppmann Christoph
Published: August 2016

Purpose

To determine the accuracy of ferumoxytol‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in assessing the severity of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS), using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard.

Materials and Methods

Our Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant study. Thirty‐three patients with documented clinical suspicion for TRAS (elevated serum creatinine, refractory hypertension, edema, and/or audible bruit) and/or concerning sonographic findings (elevated renal artery velocity and/or intraparenchymal parvus tardus waveforms) underwent a 1.5T MRA with ferumoxytol prior to DSA. All DSAs were independently reviewed by an interventional radiologist and served as the reference standard. The MRAs were reviewed by three readers who were blinded to the ultrasound and DSA findings for the presence and severity of TRAS. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for identifying substantial stenoses (>50%) were determined. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated among readers. Mean differences between the percent stenosis from each MRA reader and DSA were calculated.

Results

On DSA, a total of 42 stenoses were identified in the 33 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRA in detecting substantial stenoses were 100%, 75–87.5%, and 95.2–97.6%, respectively, among the readers. There was excellent agreement among readers as to the percent stenosis (ICC = 0.82). MRA overestimated the degree of stenosis by 3.9–9.6% compared to DSA.

Conclusion

Ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRA provides high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for determining the severity of TRAS. Our results suggest that it can potentially be used as a noninvasive examination following ultrasound to reduce the number of unnecessary conventional angiograms.

Level of Evidence: 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:779–785.