bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of diabetes mellitus on the progression of coronary artery disease: An observational study
Authors: Yerakala Ramesh  , Pragna S  , Swathi G
Published: January 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerates the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of DM on the progression of CAD over a 2-year period and identify key risk factors and biomarkers associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: This observational study included 100 participants, divided into two groups: 50 patients with DM and 50 non-diabetic controls. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and baseline CAD characteristics, were recorded. Participants were followed for 2 years to assess the progression of CAD and new cardiovascular events. Risk factors such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured. Statistical analyses, including multivariate logistic regression, were performed to identify independent predictors of CAD progression.
Results: The diabetic group had a significantly higher BMI (29.1±4.6 kg/m1 vs. 26.5±3.9 kg/m1r P=0.01) and prevalence of CAD (80% vs. 60%, P=0.03). CAD progression was observed in 56% of diabetic patients compared to 30% of controls (P=0.01). New cardiovascular events occurred in 24% of diabetics versus 12% of controls (P=0.08). Diabetic patients had higher HbA1c (8.2%±1.1 vs. 5.6%±0.7, P<0.001), LDL cholesterol (130.4±25.6 mg/dL vs.115.8±22.3 mg/dL, P=0.04), and CRP levels (3.2±1.4 mg/L vs. 1.8±1.0 mg/L, P=0.001). DM was an independent predictor of CAD progression (OR=2.9, 95% CI=1.4–5.8,P=0.003).
Conclusion: DM significantly impacts CAD progression, emphasizing the need for aggressive risk factor management in diabetic patients.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus – a study on its prevalence from different clinical samples in a rural medical college hospital
Authors: Sayani Bose  , Rituparna De  , Paulami Palchowdhury  , Anirban Bhaduri
Published: January 2025

Background: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an important cause of nosocomial infection with Enterococcus faecium causing most of the VRE infections. Widespread use of glycopeptides in health care facilities has led to the development of VRE and enterococcal infections with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactamase production and glycopeptide (including vancomycin) resistance are difficult to treat and often pose a therapeutic challenge to health care facilities.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus species from various clinical specimens and to find out the occurrence rate of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology of Tamralipto Government Medical College and Hospital, East Midnapore, West Bengal. A total of 688 clinical samples were the total sample size taken. Isolation and identification of Enterococcus spp. were done by standard microbiological procedures such as culture, Gram staining, and suitable biochemical tests were conducted. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the Kirby–Bauers disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar and results were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2023. Teicoplanin sensitivity was performed for those isolates showing resistance to vancomycin. For strains showing resistance to vancomycin by the Kirby–Bauers disc diffusion method, vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were performed by E-test (Hi media) with MIC breakpoints between 4 and 32 as per CLSI criteria. This was compared with the control strain of American Type Culture Collection Enterococcus faecalis 29212 as per CLSI 2023 guidelines.
Results: A total of 48 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from 688 clinical samples; 31 (8.05%) were detected from 385 urine samples, 9 (6.72%) were detected from 134 blood samples, 5 (5.15%) were detected from 97 pus/wound swab, and 3 (4.17%) were detected from 72 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Among the 48 Enterococcus isolates, 13 (27.08%) were vancomycin-resistant out of which nine were E. faecalis and four were E. faecium. Enterococcus species showed maximum resistance toward ciprofloxacin followed by ampicillin and maximum sensitivity toward teicoplanin and linezolid.
Conclusion: Implementation of strict infection control measures, antimicrobial policies, and proper surveillance are required to identify, contain, and treat VRE infections to reduce mortality and morbidity.
Plethysmographic variability index as a predictor of propofol-induced hypotension: A prospective observational study
Authors: Joseph N Paul  , Rashmi Rani  , Joachim Nayanthara , Apoorwa N Kothari
Published: January 2025

Background: Propofol as an intravenous (IV) induction agent frequently causes significant hypotension and requires monitoring and prompt intervention. The plethysmographic waveform, obtained from a pulse oximeter, relies on two components of light absorption-red and infrared, representing changes in blood volume and cardiovascular status of the patient.
Aims and Objectives: The current study aimed to obtain a baseline value and positive predictive value (PPV) of plethysmographic variability index (PVI) to predict hypotension and also compare the PPV of PVI and perfusion index (PI) to predict hypotension induced by propofol.
Materials and Methods: Seventy patients posted for elective surgery were first given IV crystalloids 2 h before surgery and then induced with propofol IV. Hemodynamic parameters, PI and PVI were recorded from baseline until 3 min post-intubation. Hypotension was defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure >30% or mean arterial pressure (MAP) <60 mmHg. Patients were then grouped into those who developed hypotension (Group H) and those who did not (Group NH). Statistical analysis of MAP, PVI, and PI was done. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and analyzed. The PPV of PVI and PI was calculated and compared.
Results: Hypotension occurred in 56 patients. The mean baseline MAP was lower in Group H (91.3±10.54 mmHg vs. 99.93±3.36 mmHg). The fall in MAP was highest at 3 min post-induction (Group H 59.38±7.09, Group NH 79.36±8.05). The difference in baseline PVI was not statistically significant (Group H 15.59±3.67, Group NH 15.43±5.65). PVI peaked in Group H when MAP was minimum (59.38±7.09 mmHg) at 3 min post-induction. The difference in baseline PI was not significant at any time point (Group H 1.13±1.02, Group NH 0.92±0.47) Area under the ROC curve of 0.534 for PVI and 0.559 for PI were not statistically significant hence showing no correlation between baseline PVI and PI and propofol-induced hypotension.
Conclusion: Baseline PVI and PI can serve as screening tools and not diagnostic tools for predicting hypotension. Baseline PVI ≥19 is more accurate to predict post-induction hypotension than the values mentioned in previous studies.
Assessment of predictive risk factors in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A single center study from central India
Authors: Nilesh Jagne  , Shagufta Naaz Ansari  , Mahendra Chauhan  , Pankaj Goyal  , Sachin Rahangdale  , Rahul Rathod
Published: January 2025

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the most common procedure for the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis. Based on the difficulty faced during the procedure the outcome of LC could vary from partial cholecystectomy to conversion into open cholecystectomy. Thus, for surgeons, it would be important to assess predictive factors and conversion preoperatively.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the present study was to assess various demographic, pre-operative, and intra-operative factors of difficult LC.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a hospital-based observational study. A total of 119 patients having symptomatic cholelithiasis who underwent elective LC were included in the present study.
Results: It was found that among all the pre-operative factors gallbladder (GB) wall thickness, obesity, and impacted stones in Hartmann’s pouch were found to be significantly associated with difficult LC. Furthermore, among the intra-operative factors GB adhesion, omental adhesions, gall extraction, duct, and clipping were found to be significantly associated with difficult LC.
Conclusion: The present study recommends that both pre-operative and intra-operative factors should be regularly used as a protocol for the prediction of difficult LC. With a little extra attention, the procedure-related complications could be further reduced to an acceptable level in LC.
Surgical management of gall bladder perforation as a complication of cholelithiasis: A case series
Authors: Shailendra Kaushik  , Puneet Jain  , Mehar Kashyap  , Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2025

Gallbladder perforation is a less common clinical disease due to its rarity and diagnostic challenge. It is a rare but potentially fatal adverse consequence of acute cholecystitis. A single institution’s experience with managing this condition is incorporated into this case series.
Early detection of sonographic factors for promotion of healthy pregnancy
Authors: Rachna Chaurasia  , Tushar Agarwal
Published: January 2025

Background: Ultrasonography has revolutionized obstetric care over the past four decades by providing critical information about early pregnancy development and complications. This study focuses on evaluating the role of ultrasound (USG) in detecting embryonic demise and fetal anomalies in early part of pregnancy before targeted imaging for fetal anomalies scan.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective is to assess the sonographic features for early detection of fetal anomalies before 18 weeks of gestation and identify early signs of pregnancy failure or potential complications, enabling timely pregnancy management.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, involving pregnant women up to 18-week gestation. Participants underwent routine and targeted USG scans, including color Doppler studies. Data were collected on maternal, embryonic, fetal, and placental variables, and outcomes were monitored through follow-up scans and clinical evaluations.
Results: Among 1080 antenatal USG scans, 240 showed abnormal sonographic findings. These were categorized based on gestational age and indications for scans. Notable findings included a higher abortion rate linked to irregular gestational sac borders, enlarged gestational sacs, low implantation, and enlarged yolk sacs. Fetal anomalies such as neural tube defects, anencephaly, and hydrops fetalis had a high correlation with adverse outcomes. Maternal factors, including large fibroids, uterine anomalies, and short cervical canals, were also associated with increased abortion rates. Doppler studies highlighted that a high uterine artery pulsatility index predicted pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
Conclusion: Early pregnancy ultrasonography plays a vital role in detecting embryonic demise and fetal anomalies. This study underscores the importance of routine and targeted USG in enhancing pregnancy outcomes through early detection and timely intervention.
To study efficacy of foot temperature monitoring and footprint study in preventing diabetic foot ulcer in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Manjunath Ashok Kolachi  , Sudhir Kumar  , Albail Singh Yadav  , Mandavi Agarwal
Published: January 2025

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a common complication among diabetic patients, leading to an increased risk of amputation and mortality. About 15–25% of diabetics develop DFUs, with half of these cases requiring amputation. Early identification of high-risk patients, particularly those with peripheral neuropathy, is crucial in preventing DFUs. Non-invasive methods such as foot temperature monitoring and footprint analysis have shown promise in identifying these high-risk individuals.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of foot temperature monitoring and footprint analysis in preventing DFUs in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy by identifying high-risk pressure points and temperature differences.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, comprising 50 patients with diabetic neuropathy and foot ulcers and 50 patients with neuropathy but without ulcers. Foot temperature was monitored using a handheld infrared thermometer, while footprint analysis was conducted using a Harris mat. Patients were followed for 5 months to monitor the development of DFUs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, with a significance threshold of P<0.05.
Results: Out of 50 neuropathic patients without ulcers, 14 (64%) developed DFUs, primarily in those with a foot temperature difference of >2°C and grade 3 or 4 pressure points. Foot temperature monitoring and footprint analysis showed a combined efficacy of 67% in predicting DFU development. The results were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Foot temperature monitoring and footprint analysis are effective tools for predicting DFU development in diabetic neuropathy patients. Early identification of high-risk individuals allows for timely interventions, such as appropriate footwear, reducing DFU incidence and the associated risk of amputation.
On the conceptualization of interdeveloper mobility
Authors: Jennings Austin
Published: January 2025

In 2014 and 2021, GED Testing Service and Data Recognition Corporation inadvertently derailed high school equivalency (HSE) candidates’ journey toward high school completion by discontinuing the Fourth Series GED® and TASC™, respectively. Candidates could no longer complete these test batteries and needed to choose a state-authorized alternative. Unfortunately, under typical state credentialing policies, this meant they would also need to re-demonstrate their academic attainment as though they had no pre-existing academic record. This led education stakeholders to consider the equity-oriented implications of interdeveloper mobility – HSE candidates’ movement from one developer’s test battery to another’s. While these considerations focused on the effect of test battery discontinuation, other causes are far more common and all may result in candidates’ need to effectively restart their HSE journey. The present report advances a framework for describing the causes of interdeveloper mobility as a foundational step toward equity-oriented credentialing policy reform.
Tensions as a rule: Re-imaging the development of special education by functional system theory
Authors: Wermke Wieland
Published: January 2025

This article aims to re-imagine special education through the theoretical lens of functional system theory, tightly connoted with the sociological work of Niklas Luhmann. Regarding this perspective, modern society’s social system is characterized by ‘functional differentiation.’ Its subsystems emerge concerning particular functions. This conceptual approach can be seen as a toolbox to unpack the complex relations of special education organizations, professions, and an academic discipline. First, special education is an organic part of a mass education system. Special education is a strategy of an education system to solve issues of variance of learners’ needs. Second, organization, practice, and special education theory are contextually contingent. Thirdly, inherent frictions can be related to special education functions of serving in two functional systems: a functional system of health and one of education. Employing the case of Sweden and using system theory and re-imagination lens, I show that special education since the 1990s and even before has served as an inclusion project. It was also an issue of constant re-arrangement of special education into the education system by negotiation between medical and pedagogical means. Therefore, in this article I claim that dilemmas and tensions must be the rule.
Towards A Zombie Theory Of Inclusive Education: A Discourse Analysis Of Special Educational Needs Policies In Five European Countries
Authors: Dovigo Fabio
Published: January 2025

Purpose This study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on reimagining special education to authentically support inclusivity. It explores the application of zombie theory as a critical lens to examine Special Educational Needs (SEN) policies across Denmark, France, Italy, Spain, and the UK. By dissecting the current state of SEN policies, the paper seeks to uncover mechanisms that perpetuate exclusion under the guise of inclusion.
Methods Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative discourse analysis. This comprehensive methodology facilitates an in-depth examination of SEN policy implementation and its impact across the selected European countries. The study analyzes policy documents, legislation, and statistical reports to investigate the conceptualization and operationalization of SEN within various educational systems.
Findings The findings reveal a growing trend in the identification of students with SEN, coupled with significant regional disparities in addressing these needs. The analysis highlights the fluid and often ambiguous definitions of SEN, contributing to what is described as a ‘nurtured epidemic.’ The study identifies processes of ‘immunization’ and ‘burnout’ as crucial for understanding the exclusionary pressures within inclusive education. These processes marginalize students with SEN and commodify their needs within a broader educational market, reflecting the paradoxes and contradictions that undermine the objectives of inclusive education.
Conclusion The study concludes that zombie theory provides a powerful metaphor for critiquing and rethinking SEN policies within the context of inclusive education. It advocates for a shift away from current practices that marginalize and exploit students with SEN, proposing instead a more dynamic and fluid understanding of inclusion. This ‘nomadic’ approach to inclusive education would acknowledge and value the diverse needs of students, viewing these differences as opportunities to enrich the educational landscape. The paper calls for an educational paradigm that truly accommodates all learners, moving beyond the undead state of current SEN policies to revive the spirit of genuine inclusion.
Sustainable Competences in Higher Educa-tion – Pre-pilot Study
Authors: Ruge Dorte , Dawn Johannsen Heather , Thedchanamoorthy Thujetha , Rousing Lauridsen Anja , Mikkelsen Stinus , Gaarsmand Solveig
Published: January 2025

This paper presents results from a case study of a Pre-pilot educational activity in the Erasmus+ project on Sustainable Competences in Higher Education Institutions (2022-2024). Teacher students’ acquisition of sustainable competences represents a major educational challenge at bachelor level and generally in education in Nordic countries and internationally. With reference to UNESCO guidelines, the overview of results indicated that in the cognitive domain learning outcomes in a medium to a high degree included acquisition of natural science knowledge about sand mining and sustainability. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary teaching methods seemed to a medium degree to facilitate teacher student motivation and learning outcomes in relation to socio-emotional dimensions and interculturality. In the behavioral domain, results indicated that student teachers to a high degree acquired competences to imagine realistic scenarios within an educational context. More research is needed in student-centered approaches, and we hope that the project has contributed to the current need for bridging the gap between traditional education and more student-centered learning in relation to ‘Futures of Education.’
A brief war dictionary
Authors: Adamsen Johannes
Published: January 2025

The essay, A Brief War Dictionary, explores the nuanced and often contradictory language surrounding war, conflict, and peace. Through a series of reflective and incisive entries, the author examines terms such as "civilians," "genocide," and "education," revealing how language shapes perceptions, ideologies, and narratives of war. The work interrogates the ethical implications of terms used in war discourse and critiques the impact of ideological rigidity and propaganda. Additionally, it highlights human dignity and the role of education as a counterbalance to the divisiveness of war, advocating for intercultural understanding and dialogue. This thought-provoking essay challenges readers to consider the intersection of language, ideology, and humanity in the context of modern conflicts.
Synonymy in the View of Early Arabic Linguists: A Descriptive, Inductive and Analytical Study
Authors: Al Mughira Hamzeh Mahmoud  , Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik  , Mohd Fadzhil Mustafa  , Ouedraogo Abdoul Hamid  , Islam Mahmoud Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

This study explores the phenomenon of synonymy, a subject of significant interest among Arabic linguists and scholars of the principles of jurisprudence (‘usul al-fiqh) due to its importance in understanding subtle differences between words with similar meanings. The objective is to uncover the true stance of early Arabic linguists on synonymy and determine whether there was disagreement among them. Anyone who reviews the scholars' research on this topic will find that they prove the disagreement between early Arabic linguists, which can be summarized in three directions: proving synonymy, denying it absolutely, and proving it with some conditions. Document analysis is the particular qualitative approach employed in the present study. The data is gathered using a library-based approach, citing synonymy research, recording the views of early linguists, and then verifying them with their writings or other sources from the same time. A descriptive, inductive approach is employed in the process of data analysis. The study concludes that early linguists did not deny synonymy, as there is no contradiction between the existence of differences among many synonymous words and proving their synonymy. Even if they differ in other contexts, two terms are considered synonymous when they convey the same meaning in a particular context. Differences in other contexts do not negate their use to indicate the same meaning. This study is expected to contribute to revealing the truth of the opinion of early Arabic linguists on the phenomenon of synonymy and to contribute to enriching this topic so that it is accessible to the academic scientific community and those interested in linguistic and usul al-fiqh studies.
Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and His Excellence in Modern Science in the Post-Caliphate Era
Authors: Zamri, N. F.  , Mohamad @ Mat, M. Z.  , Embong, R.  , Zainal, B.  , Omar, N.  , Ibrahim, I.A.
Published: January 2025

Bediuzzaman Said Nursi was a Turkish scholar who experienced three critical phases of political transition; the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate, the establishment of the Republic of Türkiye, and the Islamic resurgence. During this period, he actively defended Islam, which was threatened by secular ideologies, through the application of science and scientific thought. The disintegration of the post-caliphate education system, which separated science from religious and divine perspectives, left the Muslim community in Türkiye in a state of dilemma and confusion without proper guidance. Amid this tension, Badiuzzaman Said Nursi challenged the dominance of Western science through his Risale-i Nur writings—a thematic interpretation of the Quran that incorporates the values of natural sciences and astronomy.  Thus, this study aims to explore his background in natural sciences in light of the educational weaknesses of that time. To achieve this objective, the study employs a qualitative research framework with library research as the primary method of data collection. Data analysis is conducted using conventional text analysis methods. The findings reveal that Bediuzzaman Said Nursi's excellence in science developed organically, uninfluenced by specific individuals or circumstances. Indeed, he deserves recognition as a modern scientific figure who carries forward the legacy of scientists from Islamic civilization.
Isu Perkahwinan bagi Wanita Muallaf tanpa disertai oleh Suami di Great Britain pada Perspektif Maqasid Syariah
Authors: Mohammad Nasir, N. S.  , Ishak, M. S. I.  , Abdul Wahab, N.  , Razali, K.  , Moktar, M. S.
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to analyze the issue of marriage for women who convert to Islam without their husbands following suit, from the perspective of Maqasid Syariah (the objectives of Islamic law). This qualitative research employs an exploratory method, with data gathered through semi-structured interviews with several local muftis and Islamic scholars in Britain. The findings indicate that the dissolution of marriage in certain situations can cause harm to these female converts, both emotionally and psychologically, which may tarnish the image of Islam as if it seeks to dismantle the family institution. This is despite some husbands being open-minded about religious matters and even supporting their wives in fulfilling their responsibilities as Muslims. Therefore, this issue requires a different approach depending on the situation. The implications of this study suggest that mufti should adopt a gradual (tadarruj) approach and display tolerance in the application of Islamic law when dissolving such marriages, as their lack of firm understanding of Islam could lead to misconceptions about the religion. Further research is recommended to broaden the discussion of this issue in other Muslim minority countries.
Challenges of Performing Prayer in the Research Field for Muslim Researchers at Public Universities
Authors: Mutalib, N. A.  , Embong, A. H.  , Ismail, I. L. M.  , Mokhtar, W. K. A.W.  , Agadirun, N. D.   , Chua, N. A.  , Halim, A. A.  , Azmi, R.  , Azhar, A.  , Hasbullah, M. M.
Published: January 2025

Every Muslim is required to perform the five daily prayers regardless of time and place because it is a highly demanded act of worship in Islam. At the higher education level in Malaysia, numerous Muslim researchers are engaged in various fields of study, including the sea, forests, mangroves, and similar areas. They encounter difficulties when it comes to performing their five daily prayers, particularly when it comes to the specific procedures involved in these fields. The purpose of this study is to identify the issues and challenges researchers face in praying while conducting research. This study is qualitative in nature, employing structured interview methods, and its respondents are researchers and postgraduate students from public universities, including Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). We used Atlas.ti to thematically analyze the data from this interview, obtaining accurate findings based on specific themes. The study findings indicate that there are various challenges faced by researchers in performing the prayer ritual while in the field. This study recommends publishing a guideline on the procedures for conducting prayers in the field as a reference for the involved researchers.
Pembangunan Model Homeschooling Kelas Al-Quran dan Fardu Ain (KAFA) Berasaskan Teknologi bagi Murid Sekolah Rendah
Authors: Che Hat, N.  , Osman, N.  , Mohd Noor, S. S.  , Mohmad Rouyan, N.  , Hussin, Z.
Published: January 2025

Homeschooling is an alternative educational model that is increasingly gaining the attention of parents as a more personalized and suitable approach to meeting the needs of their children. However, this approach is still considered new for Al-Quran and Fardu Ain (KAFA) classes. Therefore, this study aims to develop a technology-based KAFA homeschooling model for children from B40 groups. The study employs the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), involving 15 experts as respondents. A questionnaire consisting of 48 items covering three elements; knowledge, practice, and values was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using Fuzzy triangular numbering. The findings show that 30 out of 48 items were accepted and met the three Fuzzy conditions, while 18 items were rejected for not meeting the Fuzzy conditions. This KAFA homeschooling model provides a new idea for the education sector, particularly KAFA teachers, in diversifying teaching and learning approaches for diverse students. The study suggests that knowledge, practice, and values elements should be emphasized in KAFA education to prepare human capital for the 21st century.
Bridging Gaps in Online Arabic Language Instruction: Addressing Key Challenges in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Jamil, N. J.  , Rashid, R. A.  , Sahib, F. H.  , Ahmad, M.  , Abd. Kadir, K.  , Ibrahim, S. H.  , Yusof, C. M. Y.  , Mamat, R.  , Paee, R.  , Cho, M. S.
Published: January 2025

The rapid shift to online education, accelerated by the global pandemic, has highlighted significant challenges in Arabic language instruction, particularly in Malaysia's public higher education sector. This study investigates the key challenges, strategies, and skills required for effective online foreign language instruction in higher education institutions in Malaysia. Four main themes emerged through interviews with five Arabic language instructors: online teaching and learning facilities, delivery platforms, student attitudes and behaviours, and learning outcomes. Significant challenges include unreliable internet connectivity, student disengagement, and difficulty assessing language proficiency. Instructors have responded by adopting strategies such as recorded lectures, interactive activities, and tailored instruction, aligning with modern pedagogical practices. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive online Arabic language education skills, including pedagogical, managerial, and content-specific skills. This complexity is further highlighted by the practical implications of the study, which include a focus on student-centred approaches, technological investment, and continuous professional development. While the study's reliance on self-reported data limits generalizability, it offers valuable insights into addressing the complex challenges of online Arabic language instruction as a foreign language. Future research should explore the effectiveness of specific interventions and the contextual factors influencing online Arabic language education.
Analysis of Algorithms for Detecting Users’ Behavioral Models based on Sessions Data
Authors: Zabiniako Vitaly , Rožkalns Toms , Nazaruka Erika , Kornienko Jurijs
Published: January 2025

Analysis of user behavior models based on user session data can be conducted using clustering (or community detecting) algorithms that do not require a predefined number of clusters. An unknown number and quality of potential behavioral models, non-efficient utilization of memory and processing units, and a large amount of data are the main difficulties developers could meet. Besides, the suitability of clustering algorithms for the task highly depends on the characteristics of datasets and still requires additional research. The first step and the goal of this research is to analyze the capabilities of the clustering algorithms in order to determine more promising ones and techniques able to minimize computing resources while solving the task. During the research, the properties of algorithms were analyzed through a literature review and also experimentally. It was found that, although the algorithm’s suitability is theoretically proved, experiments could show unsatisfactory results. Therefore, a certain trade-off analysis and problem-specific modifications of original processing must be done. As a result, the clickstream clustering method of the Louvain clustering algorithm and the modified Longest Common Subsequence algorithm showed more appropriate results in detecting the well-clustered user behavior models based on user sessions data. Thus, these algorithms are suitable for the further development of the detecting method.
Evaluation and its Analysis of Study Course: Pharmacology
Authors: Baasan Munkhdelger , Batbaatar Purev , Tsolmon Lkhagvasuren , Tudevdagva Uranchimeg , Narangerel Zultsetseg
Published: January 2025

This paper describes self-evaluation and its analysis on study course “Pharmacology” of program
“Pharmaceutical” at Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MUPS). The study course
“Pharmacology” is one of mandatory study course in “Pharmacology” program. The course teaching and
learning hours consists of 48 hours lectures and 96 hours seminars lessons. The study direction
“Pharmaceutical” established in 2005 and till 2022 more than 1997 students graduated degree in this program.
This study program received accreditation certificates in 2014 and 2021. Lecturers who teach same courses in
this study program first time done self-evaluation on their teaching course. For evaluation process applied structure-oriented evaluation (SURE) model. Data collected by google form and processed by the SURE online tool.
Emotion-Based Music Recommendation System
Authors: Kumar Sushil
Published: January 2025

In an increasingly fast-paced world, individuals often struggle to find things matching their current emotional
state, leading to inefficiencies in emotional regulation, stress relief, and overall mental well-being. Traditional
music recommendation systems rely on user inputs or previous playlist, which may not accurately capture a
person’s real-time mood. There is a need for a more intuitive and responsive solution that can automatically detect
and respond to an individual’s emotions to enhance their music listening experience. A Flask web application
that utilizes facial expression recognition (FER) to detect emotions in real-time and recommend music that aligns
with the detected mood. By integrating the FER 2013 dataset and Spotify API, system provides a personalized
and dynamic music recommendation experience. Additionally, implemented a generative AI to deliver engaging content. The aim is to increase user retention and engagement by enriching theoverall music listening experience.
Meet the needs of students of size
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2022

“It's important we loop in persons of size as part of the diversity of our nation,” said Maria Pena, M.S., M.A. Pena, of California Southern University and an Advisory Board Member for Disability Compliance for Higher Education. She spoke on accommodating students of size at the Association on Higher Education And Disability annual conference.
Long COVID to test limits of accommodations
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: January 2022

As the COVID‐19 pandemic unfolds, a growing number of individuals have developed persistent postinfection symptoms (https://bit.ly/3yvxL1S), commonly referred to as Long COVID, and those individuals have come to be known as Long Haulers. The Washington Post estimated 750,000 to 1.3 million individuals experience severe symptoms, including “months of chronic fatigue, shortness of breath, confusion and memory loss” (https://wapo.st/3scUCOK). Inevitably, Disability Services offices will encounter students affected by Long COVID.
Psychedelic‐assisted therapies: Enhance your expertise in resurgent mental health treatments
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: January 2022

For hundreds, or even thousands, of years, many cultures have employed medicine practices using psychedelics for therapeutic and spiritual purposes.
Collaborate to educate campus community about accessibility
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2022

When students arrived back on campus in large numbers in fall 2021 at the University of Kentucky, it became apparent many of them were not aware of how their actions impacted accessibility for other students. Rather than chaining their bicycles to bike racks, some of them chained the bikes as close to the buildings as they could, which would block the door switch. And students using rental motorized scooters would leave them wherever they finished with them, blocking sidewalks and curb cuts, said David Beach, Ph.D., C.R.C., Director of the Disability Resource Center.
Review research on disabled community college students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2022

Community colleges enroll a higher proportion of disabled students than any other sector in postsecondary education. Research by Brett Ranon Nachman and Autumn K. Wilke published in a recent issue of New Directions for Community Colleges provides insights regarding best practices for serving these students.
A review of hard carbon anode: Rational design and advanced characterization in potassium ion batteries
Authors: Lei Hang , Li Jinliang , Zhang Xiyun , Ma Liang , Ji Zhong , Wang Zilong , Pan Likun , Tan Shaozao , Mai Wenjie
Published: January 2022

K‐ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted tremendous attention and seen significant development because of their low price, high operating voltage, and properties similar to those of Li‐ion batteries. In the field of development of full batteries, exploring high‐performing and low‐cost anode materials for K‐ion storage is a crucial challenge. Owing to their excellent cost effectiveness, abundant precursors, and environmental benignancy, hard carbons (HCs) are considered promising anode materials for KIBs. As a result, researchers have devoted much effort to quantify the properties and to understand the underlying mechanisms of HC‐based anodes. In this review, we mainly introduce the electrochemical reaction mechanism of HCs in KIBs, and summarize approaches to further improve the electrochemical performance in HC‐based materials for K‐ion storage. In addition, we also highlight some advanced in situ characterization methods for understanding the evolutionary process underlying the potassiation–depotassiation process, which is essential for the directional electrochemical performance optimization of KIBs. Finally, we raise some challenges in developing smart‐structured HC anode materials for KIBs, and propose rational design principles and perspectives serving as the guidance for the targeted optimization of HC‐based KIBs.

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Sole possession notes redux, Part 2
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: January 2022

Last month, I continued a discussion of sole possession notes that I had started 17 years ago.
Provide strong customer service to support students, campus community
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2022

Janet Battaglia, Registrar at Virginia Military Institute, makes being available to students an organizing principle of her office. That philosophy helped her and her staff members continue to serve students well through the pandemic.
Of mutualism and migration: will interactions with novel ericoid mycorrhizal communities help or hinder northward Rhododendron range shifts?
Authors: Mueller Taryn L. , Karlsen-Ayala Elena , Moeller David A. , Bellemare Jesse
Published: January 2022

Rapid climate change imperils many small-ranged endemic species as the climate envelopes of their native ranges shift poleward. In addition to abiotic changes, biotic interactions are expected to play a critical role in plant species’ responses. Below-ground interactions are of particular interest given increasing evidence of microbial effects on plant performance and the prevalence of mycorrhizal mutualisms. We used greenhouse mesocosm experiments to investigate how natural northward migration/assisted colonization of Rhododendron catawbiense, a small-ranged endemic eastern U.S. shrub, might be influenced by novel below-ground biotic interactions from soils north of its native range, particularly with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ERM). We compared germination, leaf size, survival, and ERM colonization rates of endemic R. catawbiense and widespread R. maximum when sown on different soil inoculum treatments: a sterilized control; a non-ERM biotic control; ERM communities from northern R. maximum populations; and ERM communities collected from the native range of R. catawbiense. Germination rates for both species when inoculated with congeners' novel soils were significantly higher than when inoculated with conspecific soils, or non-mycorrhizal controls. Mortality rates were unaffected by treatment, suggesting that the unexpected reciprocal effect of each species’ increased establishment in association with heterospecific ERM could have lasting demographic effects. Our results suggest that seedling establishment of R. catawbiense in northern regions outside its native range could be facilitated by the presence of extant congeners like R. maximum and their associated soil microbiota. These findings have direct relevance to the potential for successful poleward migration or future assisted colonization efforts.
LA GLOBALIZZAZIONE DELLA DEMOCRAZIA: TRANSIZIONI E CONSOLIDAMENTO DEMOCRATICO AGLI ALBORI DEL XXI SECOLO
Authors: Grassi Davide
Published: January 2022

Introduzione

Uno degli aspetti più influenti del discusso processo della globalizzazione, con le sue molteplici ripercussioni economiche, sociali e politiche, è rappresentato dalla propagazione su scala mondiale della democrazia. Sappiamo che la democrazia è oggi il sistema politico più diffuso e che gran parte dell'umanità vive oramai in regimi eletti democraticamente, con ripercussioni ampiamente positive: a livello nazionale i regimi democratici garantiscono, rispetto ai loro predecessori autoritari, una migliore protezione dei principali diritti civili e politici, pur se questa rimane in alcuni casi insoddisfacente. A livello internazionale il prevalere della democrazia garantisce, tra le altre cose, scenari meno conflittuali, riducendo lechancesdi ostilità o vere e proprie guerre tra Stati (Bonanate 2000, 204-210 per una discussione). Il successo democratico in aree geopolitiche molto diverse, tuttavia, ne rende particolarmente complessa l'analisi: decine di paesi sono impegnati, con alterne fortune, nelle fasi della transizione alla democrazia o in quelle successive del rafforzamento del nuovo regime. E inevitabile, in casi del genere, valutare con maggiore attenzione i processi politici che per primi si sono sviluppati ed hanno attecchito, lasciando in ombra quelli successivi. Dei processi più recenti, anzi, è spesso arduo offrire una descrizione accurata, per il turbinio di eventi e personaggi che spesso ne caratterizzano le vicende.
LE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI NELLA TERRA DELPRINCIPE
Authors: Lucarelli Sonia , Menotti Roberto
Published: January 2022

Introduzione

A distanza di molti anni, è tuttora difficile contestare la famosa affermazione di Stanley Hoffmann secondo la quale le Relazioni Internazionali (Ri) sono una disciplina americana (Hoffmann 1977). Basti notare che larghissima parte degli articoli pubblicati su riviste di Ri americane o europee oggi sul mercato sono scritti da autori americani (Wæver 1998, 696-701), che la storia degli sviluppi teorici della disciplina è raccontata soprattutto in riferimento a dibattiti teorici (iGreat Debates) che solo raramente si svolgono in Europa continentale (J⊘rgensen 2000), e infine che le tendenze quanto a citazioni e adozione di teorie prodotte altrove rivelano un rapporto fortemente sbilanciato tra le Ri americane e quelle europee continentali.
LA PREVISIONE POLITICA: NOTE EPISTEMOLOGICHE
Authors: Fotia Mauro
Published: January 2022

Introduzione

Analisi previsionale e teorie della probabilità

Scarsa è la fiducia che i politologi, in particolare europei, nutrono nei confronti della validità scientifica delle indagini previsionali. Gravi appaiono ai loro occhi le limitazioni epistemologiche e metodologiche da cui tali indagini risultano afflitte. L'uso di modelli semplificanti e riduttivi, l'assenza di approcci pluridisciplinari, la mancata integrazione delle variabili politiche con altre variabili a loro strettamente collegate, come sono ad esempio quelle economiche, il frequente ricorso a tecniche estrapolative, sono alcune delle distorsioni più frequentemente riscontrate nelle ricerche politologiche di tipo previsionale.
Le Scelte Politiche Dei Cittadini: Ambivalenza, Ragione O Affetto?
Authors: Barisione Mauro
Published: January 2022

George E. Marcus, W. Russel Neuman e Michael MacKuen,Affective Intelligence and Political Judgement, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2000, pp. 199, Isbn 0-226-50468-9

Citizens and Politicsesce dieci anni dopo i due lavori che più hanno segnato l'attuale psicologia politica e il campo delle ricerche sull'opinione pubblica negli Stati Uniti:Reasoning and Choicedi Snidermanet al(1991) eThe Nature and Origins of Mass Opiniondi Zaller (1992); ma marca anche una continuità con quei volumi collettanei che dalla metà degli anni ‘80 si sono dedicati alle problematiche delle cognizioni politiche e dell'information processing: Lau e Sears (1986), Ferejohn e Kuklinski (1990), Lodge e McGraw (1995), Mutzet al.(1996). Promettendo – per le ragioni che si vedranno più avanti – di far parlare molto di sé, il lavoro curato da Kuklinski, propone allo stesso tempo una sintesi dei temi e un panorama delle ricerche politologiche affrontate da prospettive psicologiche e cognitive. Gli atteggiamenti, i valori, le percezioni, gli affetti, i ragionamenti, le decisioni degli individui nella sfera politica sono analizzati in 17 contributi – introdotti sempre in modo chiaro ed esauriente da Kuklinski, anche se articolati in 4 aree tematiche dalla definizione piuttosto vaga – di autori come Sears, Feldman, Masters, Lau, Lodge, Sniderman, Marcus, per citarne solo alcuni fra i più noti. In particolare, la prima area («Affetto ed emozioni») racchiude quattro contributi incentrati sul ruolo delle inclinazioni affettive nella percezione degli oggetti politici carichi di una valenza simbolica (dalle parole – fra gli esempi americani: «comunisti»,welfare, «neri» – alle immagini politicopersonali dei candidati); la stessa dimensione affettiva è analizzata nella seconda parte («Cognizione politica») in relazione ai processi di trattamento dell'informazione, di valutazione delle notizie e di elaborazione di giudizi politici da parte dei cittadini, specie nell'arco della campagna elettorale; la terza parte («Atteggiamenti politici e percezioni») aggiorna il dibattito classico intorno alla maggiore o minore stabilità e coerenza degli atteggiamenti in seno all'opinione pubblica, mentre la quarta parte è interamente dedicata allo studio dei «Valori politici», con due ricerche che analizzano più precisamente le relazioni fra i valori di «umanitarismo» e «individualismo» e le preferenze dei cittadini in tema di politiche pubbliche.
SOPRAVVIVERE SENZA GOVERNARE: L'ELEZIONE DIRETTA DEL PRIMO MINISTRO IN ISRAELE
Authors: Ottolenghi Emanuele
Published: January 2022

Introduzione

A seguito di un prolungato periodo di paralisi politica e frammentazione partitica durante gli anni ottanta, nel marzo 1992 il parlamento israeliano – la Knesset – adottò un nuovo e originale sistema consistente nell'elezione diretta del Premier –in contemporanea con l'elezione del parlamento – e nel mantenimento del legame fiduciario tra legislatore e governo. Scopo principale della riforma era di rafforzare l'esecutivo e garantire una maggior efficacia e coerenza nel processo di formulazione ed esecuzione della politica del governo. Il nuovo sistema è entrato in vigore per le elezioni del maggio 1996 e dopo appena cinque anni è stato abolito nel marzo del 2001.
Le Metafore e La Teoria Delle Relazioni Internazionali
Authors: Stocchetti Matteo
Published: January 2022

Fino a tempi relativamente recenti – più o meno fino alla fine della guerra fredda – la triade realismo, pluralismo, strutturalismo ha espresso un ruolo analogo a quello di una sorta dilimesdisciplinare e, come tale, ambiguo nei riguardi dello spazio cognitivo oggetto di indagine. Espressione della forza di programmi di ricerca ormai istituzionalizzati da una presenza accademica pluridecennale, la stessa triade ha delimitato anche la frontiera dell'identità disciplinare, i limiti all'interno del quale la riflessione sistematica sui problemi della politica internazionale poteva veder riconosciuto il proprio diritto di cittadinanza nell'ambito della teoria delle R.I.