bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persepsi Generasi Muda Terhadap Profesi Pengrajin Batik Tulis di Purbalingga
Authors: Suliyanto Suliyanto , Novandari Weni , Setyawati Sri Murni
Published: April 2017

The aims of this study were to analyze the perception of young generationto the
profession of batik craftsmen and to analyze the reasons of young generation are reluctant to become batik craftsmen in Purbalingga. The study was conducted in Purbalingga with the younger generation who located in centers of painting batik. The data was collected using in-depth interviews, Focus group discussion (FGD), and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric statistic analysis of binomial test and Cochran test. Based on the result, it can be concluded that perception of young generation to batik craftmen profession as a job are low income job, requires the soul of art, requires persistence, can be done as a side job, no clear career path, providing the freedom of expression, more flexible compared to other jobs, less prestigious, does not require large capital and income uncertainty. The young generations are not willing to become batik craftsmen because of uncertain income, do not have the taste of art, and do not have enough capital.
Faktor Pendukung Implemetasi SIMDA dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan pada SKPD Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Authors: Alfian Mohammad
Published: April 2017

This study determines the factors supporting the implementation of SIMDA (local government’s financial management information system) on SKPDs (local government agencies) and the effect of SIMDA implementation toward financial statement quality. This research was based on the deficient SIMDA implementation, as demonstrated by inadequate accounting information quality. Inadequacy of accounting information quality was indicated by smaller number of SKPDs which obtain an unqualified opinion on their audit report. The population in this research is SKPDs in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The samples were taken using judgmental purposive sampling method. The hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation model through SmartPLS. The results show that the quality of data input and the level of user knowledge about SIMDA positively affects the SIMDA implementation. Moreover, the top management support was not positively influence the SIMDA implementation. Furthermore, the research also found that the SIMDA implementation has positive influence toward the accounting information quality.
Pendekatan Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Sebagai Alternatif Bagi Bank Indonesia Dalam Menentukan Tingkat Inflasi Di Indonesia
Authors: Akhirson Armaini , Heruseto Brahmantyo
Published: April 2017

In uncertain economic like today, research and modeling the inflation rate is considered necessary to provide estimates and predictions of inflation rates in the future. Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy approach is a combination of  Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic. This study aims to describe the movement ofinflation(output variable ) so it can beestimated by observing four Indonesia's macroeconomic data, namely the exchange rate, money supply, interbank interest rates, and the output gap (input variable). Observation period started from the data in 20011 to 20113. After the learning process is complete, fuzzy systems generate 45 fuzzy rules that can define the input-output behavior. The results of this study indicate a fairly high degree of accuracy with an average error rate is 0.5315.
Sustainability Consumption: Perubahan Perilaku Mengonsumsi Daging
Authors: Atmoko Waluyo Budi , Budiadi Nang Among
Published: April 2017

Excessive meat consumption has negative impact on many areas of life, such as: health, production efficiency, environment, and social and ethics. This negative impact has encouraged the effort to change the behavior in consuming meat. This study is expected to contribute to the creation of public awareness, the need to establish the balance between consuming meat behavior and its consequences. The study used the experimental method. Hypothesis tested by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. The result of the study stated there was a significant difference between stimuli of information about negative impact of meat consumption on health, environment, social and ethics and control. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between stimuli of information about negative impact of meat consumption on production efficiency and control. Conclusion of the study is information about negative impact of meat consumption on health, environment, social and ethics can cause behavioral change.
Analisis Nilai Perusahaan pada Implementasi Program Kepemilikan Saham pada Karyawan/Manajemen
Authors: Aribawa Dwitya
Published: April 2017

This research aims to investigate whether there is a significant difference of Economic Value Added (EVA) before and after Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) or Management Stock Ownership Plan (MSOP) implementation years. It is widely considered that EVA is a complex indicator that also take firms’ risk factor (beta) into consideration. We used firms listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) as the sampling frame with 17 firms as our final sample, representing various industries. After running data normality test, we performed paired sample t-test to test our hypothesis. The results show that the pre- and post- ESOP implementation years have significantly different EVA.

Abstrak

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis economic value added (EVA) sebelum dan sesudah implementasi program kepemilikan saham pada karyawan/ manajemen dengan objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan publik yang menggunakan kebijakan ESOP/MSOP sebagai sarana benefit/incentive berupa pembagian sebagian saham untuk karyawan/ manajemen. Variabel yang digunakan sebagai indikator nilai perusahaan adalah EVA. Nilai EVA dianggap sebagai indikator yang kompleks dan mempertimbangkan faktor resiko (beta) dari perusahaan. Perusahaan yang dianalisis adalah perusahaan yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Terdapat 17 perusahaan yang layak untuk dilakukan analisis berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan peneliti. Pengumpulan dan data dianalisis secara pooling, hal ini melihat dari tidak dibedakannya perusahaan berdasarkan industri (multi industri). Paired sample test digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis pada penelitian dan sebelumnya dilakukan uji normalitas data. Hasil analisis bahwa hasil perbandingan rata-rata EVA sebelum dan sesudah implementasi program kepemilikan saham pada karyawan/manajemen terdapat perbedaan yag signifikan.
Progress in the Optimization of 4(1H)-Quinolone Derivatives as Antimalarials Targeting the Erythrocytic, the Exoerythrocytic and the Transmitting Stages of the Malaria Parasite
Authors: Brockmeyer Fabian , Manetsch Roman
Published: April 2017

Malaria is one of the leading infectious diseases occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. Although available antimalarial tools have reduced the number of fatalities, there is still an urgent need for the development of new and more efficacious treatments to cure and eradicate
malaria especially due to emerging resistance to all antimalarial drugs. Research was initiated to revisit antimalarial compounds which were deemed unsuitable as a result of poor understanding of physicochemical properties and the optimization thereof. The 4(1H)-quinolones are a class
of compounds with demonstrated activity against malaria parasites. Recent optimization of the long-known core led to two highly promising compounds, i.e. P4Q-391 and ELQ-300, with great selective activity against all stages of the parasite's life cycle and good physicochemical properties.
In this paper, we discuss the key steps on the way to these compounds, which fuel hope to find a suitable treatment for the prevention, cure and eradication of malaria.
Decarboxylative Alkynylation and Cyanation of Carboxylic Acids using Photoredox Catalysis and Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Vaillant Franck Le , Waser Jérôme
Published: April 2017

Alkynes and nitriles are important functional groups that serve as versatile building blocks in organic synthesis and find applications in material and medicinal sciences. A convenient and straightforward access to both classes of compounds under mild conditions is, therefore, highly
desirable. Herein, we disclose the decarboxylative alkynylation and cyanation of broadly available carboxylic acids using photoredox catalysis and hypervalent iodine reagents. Choices of both catalysts and reagents were crucial. Computational and experimental studies revealed two different
possible mechanisms that are dictated by the oxidation potential of the reagents: radical for alkynylation, ionic for cyanation.
Managing forest in community forest in Nepal
Authors: Acharya K.P.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.11(2) 2001: 3-7
Looking at the prospects of community forestry in the Terai region of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Shyam K. , Pokharel Bharat K.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.11(2) 2001: 27-33
Growth and fuelwood production of Cassia siamea and Eucalyptus camaldulensis under short rotation in the eastern Terai of Nepal
Authors: Thapa H.B. , Subedi N.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.11(2) 2001: 34-41
Towards sustainable mountain development
Authors: Sharma Uday R.
Published: April 2017

No abstract availableBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 1-2
The role of forest in supplying soil nutrients in agricultural production system in the mid hills of Nepal
Authors: Oli Krishna P. , Manandher Mangal S.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 27-34
Conservation and development of local forest resoucres and wildlife through community forestry: a case study from Baghmara community forest, Chitwan
Authors: Tamrakar A. , Sharma B.K.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFNOTE: pages 52 and 53 are missing from the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 49-53
Simultrees, vultures, Rajis and honey bees
Authors: Khatri Top B.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 83-84
Economies of private trees: impact on income distribution at Badikhel, (Lalitpur, Nepal)
Authors: Kanel Keshav R. , Sharma Anuja R.
Published: April 2017

Abstract on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.13(2) 2003: 8-13
Changes in soil characteristics under Shorea robusta (Sal) stands between 1972 and 2001
Authors: Malla Mrigendra B.
Published: April 2017

Abstract on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.13(2) 2003: 14-20
Bamboos in rural farming systems in the Terai and Midhills of Nepal
Authors: Das Annapurna Nand
Published: April 2017

Abstract on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.13(2) 2003: 34-41
Puerperal Morbidities After Delivery in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Malla Rosy , Manandhar Reeta
Published: April 2017

Introduction: : In a developing country like Nepal maternal morbidity in the post partum period is a major healthcare concern. This study aims to analyze the maternal morbidities in women following delivery at Shree Birendra Hospital.Methods: This is a prospective, observational, hospital based study, carried out at Shree Birendra Hospital from 13th August 2012 to 13th Feb 2016. Women who underwent delivery in Shree Birendra Hospital with subsequent morbidities within the study period were included in this study. The variables considered in this study were pattern of postpartum morbidities, age, parity, mode of delivery and average duration of hospital stay.Results:  During the study period, a total number of 3407 deliveries were conducted in Shree Birendra Army Hospital. Out of these, 54 patients (1.58%) had postpartum morbidities. Puerperal sepsis was the most frequent diagnosis seen in 18 patients (33.3%), followed by surgical wound infection in 14 (25.9%) and secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in 10 (18.5%).Conclusion: Puerperal sepsis remains the most common cause of postpartum morbidity.
Trust in the Balance: Data Protection Laws as Tools for Privacy and Security in the Cloud
Authors: Hofman Darra , Duranti Luciana , How Elissa
Published: April 2017

A popular bumper sticker states: “There is no cloud. It’s just someone else’s computer.” Despite the loss of control that comes with its use, critical records are increasingly being entrusted to the cloud, generating ever-growing concern about the privacy and security of those records. Ultimately, privacy and security constitute an attempt to balance competing needs: privacy balances the need to use information against the need to protect personal data, while security balances the need to provide access to records against the need to stop unauthorized access. The importance of these issues has led to a multitude of legal and regulatory efforts to find a balance and, ultimately, to ensure trust in both digital records and their storage in the cloud. Adding a particular challenge is the fact that distinct jurisdictions approach privacy differently and an in-depth understanding of what a jurisdiction’s laws may be, or even under what jurisdiction particular data might be, requires a Herculean effort. And yet, in order to protect privacy and enhance security, this effort is required. This article examines two legal tools for ensuring the privacy and security of records in the cloud, data protection laws, and data localization laws, through the framework of “trust” as understood in archival science. This framework of trust provides new directions for algorithmic research, identifying those areas of digital record creation and preservation most in need of novel solutions.
CO2-Induced Changes in Wheat Grain Composition: Meta-Analysis and Response Functions
Authors: Broberg Malin , Högy Petra , Pleijel Håkan
Published: April 2017

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) stimulates wheat grain yield, but simultaneously reduces protein/nitrogen (N) concentration. Also, other essential nutrients are subject to change. This study is a synthesis of wheat experiments with eCO2, estimating the effects on N, minerals (B, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn), and starch. The analysis was performed by (i) deriving response functions to assess the gradual change in element concentration with increasing CO2 concentration, (ii) meta-analysis to test the average magnitude and significance of observed effects, and (iii) relating CO2 effects on minerals to effects on N and grain yield. Responses ranged from zero to strong negative effects of eCO2 on mineral concentration, with the largest reductions for the nutritionally important elements of N, Fe, S, Zn, and Mg. Together with the positive but small and non-significant effect on starch concentration, the large variation in effects suggests that CO2-induced responses cannot be explained only by a simple dilution model. To explain the observed pattern, uptake and transport mechanisms may have to be considered, along with the link of different elements to N uptake. Our study shows that eCO2 has a significant effect on wheat grain stoichiometry, with implications for human nutrition in a world of rising CO2.
Pregnant Sheep in a Farm Environment Did Not Develop Anaemia
Authors: Musk Gabrielle , James Amanda , Kemp Matthew , Ritchie Sara , Ritchie Andrew , Laurence Michael
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to document the haematological profile of pregnant ewes throughout gestation. Sheep were divided into three groups (n = 8 per group): non-pregnant, singleton, or twin pregnancy. Blood samples were collected every 14 days from day 55 of gestation for haemoglobin concentration; packed cell volume; total protein; and albumin concentration. On days 55 and 125 of gestation blood was collected for trace element estimation: soluble copper and zinc; glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx); and methylmalonic acid (MMA). Pooled faecal samples were collected on days 55, 97, and 139 of gestation. Pasture cuts were collected on days 97 and 153 of gestation. The haematology and protein concentrations were not different between groups throughout the study. Copper concentration increased in all animals during the study (p < 0.0001). Zinc concentration was lowest in the singleton and twin pregnant sheep on day 55 of gestation (p = 0.04). GSHPx was not different between groups during the study. MMA decreased in all animals during the study (p < 0.0001), but was not different between groups. Faecal samples were consistently negative for strongyle and nematode eggs, and coccidian oocysts. The pasture was good quality. Pregnant sheep in a farm environment with normal trace element status, no parasites, and an adequate diet, did not develop anaemia (PCV < 0.27).
Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion of Incorporated Halloysite-Nanotubes in Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy-Based Composites
Authors: Lee Jin-Woo , Park Soo-Jeong , Kim Yun-Hae
Published: April 2017

The heart of composite materials depends on the characteristics of their interface. The physical properties of composite materials are often described by the rule of mixtures, representing the average physical properties of the reinforcement and the matrix resin. However, in practical applications there are situations which arise where the rule of mixtures is not followed. This is because when an external energy applied to the composite material is transferred from the matrix to the reinforcement, the final physical properties are affected by the interface between them rather than the intrinsic properties of both the reinforcement and the matrix. The internal bonding strength of the interface of these composites can be enhanced by enhancing the bonding strength by adding a small amount of material at the interface. In this study, the mechanical properties were evaluated by producing a carbon fiber-reinforced composite material and improved by dispersing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and the epoxy resin using an ultrasonic homogenizer. The interfacial bond strength increased with the addition of HNT. On the other hand, the addition of HNTs more than 3 wt % did not show the reinforcing effect by HNT agglomeration.
Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Hydnora africana Thumb Used to Treat Associated Infections and Diseases in South Africa
Authors: Wintola Olubunmi , Afolayan Anthony
Published: April 2017

Hydnora africana (HA) Thumb is a member of the genus Hydnora. The roots are used in the treatment of infectious diseases in South Africa folk medicine. Though the root extracts are used to treat various human diseases including inflamed throat, there is a dearth of scientific data on the biological activities of essential oil isolated from this plant in the literature. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the chemical components and certain biological activities of the essential oil using standard bioassay methods. The plant essential oil exhibited a moderate free radical scavenging activity that was dependent on the radical species. Similarly, the essential oil was active against the growth of all thirteen opportunistic bacteria apart from Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris. The essential oil was also active against Aspergillus niger among all the nine fungi selected. In addition, the species is typified by substantial amounts of classes of compounds including; carboxylic acids (30.68%), terpenes (10.70%), alkyl aldehydes (4.86%) and esters (0.82%), identified as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. The essential oil of H. africana could be said to have pharmacological properties, and these agents in the essential oil of H. africana could justify the folklore usage of this plant in the treatment of infections and related diseases.
Improved Imaging of Magnetically Labeled Cells Using Rotational Magnetomotive Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Cimalla Peter , Walther Julia , Mueller Claudia , Almedawar Seba , Rellinghaus Bernd , Wittig Dierk , Ader Marius , Karl Mike , Funk Richard , Brand Michael , Koch Edmund
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we present a reliable and robust method for magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (MM-OCT) imaging of single cells labeled with iron oxide particles. This method employs modulated longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields to evoke alignment and rotation of anisotropic magnetic structures in the sample volume. Experimental evidence suggests that magnetic particles assemble themselves in elongated chains when exposed to a permanent magnetic field. Magnetomotion in the intracellular space was detected and visualized by means of 3D OCT as well as laser speckle reflectometry as a 2D reference imaging method. Our experiments on mesenchymal stem cells embedded in agar scaffolds show that the magnetomotive signal in rotational MM-OCT is significantly increased by a factor of ~3 compared to previous pulsed MM-OCT, although the solenoid’s power consumption was 16 times lower. Finally, we use our novel method to image ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelium cell line. Our results permit magnetomotive imaging with higher sensitivity and the use of low power magnetic fields or larger working distances for future three-dimensional cell tracking in target tissues and organs.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography as Complementary Methods for the Analysis of Beer Samples
Authors: Johnson Sarah , Soprano Samantha , Wickham Laura , Fitzgerald Neil , Edwards John
Published: April 2017

Chemical analysis of the organic components in beer has applications to quality control, authenticity and improvements to the flavor characteristics and brewing process. This study aims to show the complementary nature of two instrumental techniques which, in combination, can identify and quantify a number of organic components in a beer sample. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to provide concentrations of 26 different organic compounds including alcohols, organic acids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Calorie content was also estimated for the samples. NMR data for ethanol concentrations were validated by comparison to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) method. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to identify a range of volatile compounds such as alcohols, esters and hop-derived aroma compounds. A simple and inexpensive conversion of a Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC FID) instrument to allow the use of Solid-Phase Microextraction was found to be useful for the quantification of volatile esters.
Systematic Review of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder in Psychosis
Authors: Michail Maria , Birchwood Max , Tait Lynda
Published: April 2017

Background: Social anxiety is highly prevalent among people with psychosis and linked with significant social disability and poorer prognosis. Although cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown to be effective for the treatment of social anxiety in non-psychotic populations, there is a lack of evidence on the clinical effectiveness of CBT for the treatment of social anxiety when this is co-morbid in psychosis. Methods: A systematic review to summarise and critically appraise the literature on the effectiveness of CBT interventions for the treatment of social anxiety in psychosis. Results: Two studies were included in the review assessing the effectiveness of group CBT for social anxiety in schizophrenia, both of poor methodological quality. Preliminary findings suggest that group-based CBT is effective in treating symptoms of social anxiety, depression and associated distress in people with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The evidence-base is not robust enough to provide clear implications for practice about the effectiveness of CBT for the treatment of social anxiety in psychosis. Future research should focus on methodologically rigorous randomised controlled trials with embedded process evaluation to assess the effectiveness of CBT interventions in targeting symptoms of social anxiety in psychosis and identify mechanisms of change.
Lightweight Concrete Containing Phase Change Materials (PCMs): A Numerical Investigation on the Thermal Behaviour of Cladding Panels
Authors: Bamonte Patrick , Caverzan Alessio , Kalaba Nataša , Lamperti Tornaghi Marco
Published: April 2017

The use of phase change materials (PCMs) in building elements has gained increasing popularity in recent years because of the potential energy savings that result from the heat stored during variable temperature–time histories. This paper describes the results of non-linear numerical analyses on sandwich panels characterized by different geometry and consisting of an innovative concrete, i.e., lightweight concrete with aggregates containing PCMs. The amount of embedded PCMs has no equal in the literature, and this calls for a detailed assessment of its thermal performance within a typical building element. The heat transfer process inside the panels is modelled via finite elements in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the addition of PCMs with regard to insulation. The results show that adding PCMs may significantly reduce (by up to 20%) the energy required for cooling in the hot season, while the reduction of the energy required for heating in the cold season is lower (up to 10%). Moreover, there is a significant reduction in the instantaneous power required, both for heating and cooling.
Crystal and Magnetic Structures in Layered, Transition Metal Dihalides and Trihalides
Authors: McGuire Michael
Published: April 2017

Materials composed of two dimensional layers bonded to one another through weak van der Waals interactions often exhibit strongly anisotropic behaviors and can be cleaved into very thin specimens and sometimes into monolayer crystals. Interest in such materials is driven by the study of low dimensional physics and the design of functional heterostructures. Binary compounds with the compositions M X 2 and M X 3 where M is a metal cation and X is a halogen anion often form such structures. Magnetism can be incorporated by choosing a transition metal with a partially filled d-shell for M, enabling ferroic responses for enhanced functionality. Here a brief overview of binary transition metal dihalides and trihalides is given, summarizing their crystallographic properties and long-range-ordered magnetic structures, focusing on those materials with layered crystal structures and partially filled d-shells required for combining low dimensionality and cleavability with magnetism.
Assessing Catchment Resilience Using Entropy Associated with Mean Annual Runoff for the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa
Authors: Ilunga Masengo
Published: April 2017

The importance of the mean annual runoff (MAR)-hydrological variable is paramount for catchment planning, development and management. MAR depicts the amount of uncertainty or chaos (implicitly information content) of the catchment. The uncertainty associated with MAR of quaternary catchments (QCs) in the Upper Vaal catchment of South Africa has been quantified through Shannon entropy. As a result of chaos over a period of time, the hydrological catchment behavior/response in terms of MAR could be characterized by its resilience. Uncertainty (chaos) in QCs was used as a surrogate measure of catchment resilience. MAR data on surface water resources (WR) of South Africa of 1990 (i.e., WR90), 2005 (WR2005) and 2012 (W2012) were used in this study. A linear zoning for catchment resilience in terms of water resources sustainability was defined. Regression models (with high correlation) between the relative changes/variations in MAR data sets and relative changes in entropy were established, for WR2005 and WR2012. These models were compared with similar relationships for WR90 and WR2005, previously reported. The MAR pseudo-elasticity of the uncertainty associated with MAR was derived from regression models to characterize the resilience state of QCs. The MAR pseudo-elasticity values were relatively small to have an acceptable level of catchment resilience in the Upper Vaal catchment. Within the resilience zone, it was also shown that the effect of mean annual evaporation (MAE) was negatively significant on MAR pseudo-elasticity, compared to the effect of mean annual precipitation (MAP), which was positively insignificant.
Deoxynucleoside Salvage in Fission Yeast Allows Rescue of Ribonucleotide Reductase Deficiency but Not Spd1-Mediated Inhibition of Replication
Authors: Fleck Oliver , Fahnøe Ulrik , Løvschal Katrine , Gasasira Marie-Fabrice , Marinova Irina , Kragelund Birthe , Carr Antony , Hartsuiker Edgar , Holmberg Christian , Nielsen Olaf
Published: April 2017

In fission yeast, the small, intrinsically disordered protein S-phase delaying protein 1 (Spd1) blocks DNA replication and causes checkpoint activation at least in part, by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which is responsible for the synthesis of DNA building blocks. The CRL4Cdt2 E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates degradation of Spd1 and the related protein Spd2 at S phase of the cell cycle. We have generated a conditional allele of CRL4Cdt2, by expressing the highly unstable substrate-recruiting protein Cdt2 from a repressible promoter. Unlike Spd1, Spd2 does not regulate deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pools; yet we find that Spd1 and Spd2 together inhibit DNA replication upon Cdt2 depletion. To directly test whether this block of replication was solely due to insufficient dNTP levels, we established a deoxy-nucleotide salvage pathway in fission yeast by expressing the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) and the Drosophila deoxynucleoside kinase. We present evidence that this salvage pathway is functional, as 2 µM of deoxynucleosides in the culture medium is able to rescue the growth of two different temperature-sensitive alleles controlling ribonucleotide reductase. However, salvage completely failed to rescue S phase delay, checkpoint activation, and damage sensitivity, which was caused by CRL4Cdt2 inactivation, suggesting that Spd1—in addition to repressing dNTP synthesis—together with Spd2, can inhibit other replication functions. We propose that this inhibition works at the point of the replication clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a co-factor for DNA replication.
Role of Archaeal HerA Protein in the Biology of the Bacterium Thermus thermophilus
Authors: Blesa Alba , Quintans Nieves , Baquedano Ignacio , Mata Carlos , Castón José , Berenguer José
Published: April 2017

Intense gene flux between prokaryotes result in high percentage of archaeal genes in the genome of the thermophilic bacteria Thermus spp. Among these archaeal genes a homolog to the Sulfolobus spp. HerA protein appears in all of the Thermus spp. strains so far sequenced (HepA). The role of HepA in Thermus thermophilus HB27 has been analyzed using deletion mutants, and its structure resolved at low resolution by electron microscopy. Recombinant HepA shows DNA-dependent ATPase activity and its structure revealed a double ring, conically-shaped hexamer with an upper diameter of 150 Å and a bottom module of 95 Å. A central pore was detected in the structure that ranges from 13 Å at one extreme, to 30 Å at the other. Mutants lacking HepA show defective natural competence and DNA donation capability in a conjugation-like process termed “transjugation”, and also high sensitivity to UV and dramatic sensitivity to high temperatures. These data support that acquisition of an ancestral archaeal HerA has been fundamental for the adaptation of Thermus spp. to high temperatures.
Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Health Co-Benefits: A Structured Review of Lifestyle-Related Climate Change Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Quam Vivian , Rocklöv Joacim , Quam Mikkel , Lucas Rebekah
Published: April 2017

This is the first structured review to identify and summarize research on lifestyle choices that improve health and have the greatest potential to mitigate climate change. Two literature searches were conducted on: (1) active transport health co-benefits, and (2) dietary health co-benefits. Articles needed to quantify both greenhouse gas emissions and health or nutrition outcomes resulting from active transport or diet changes. A data extraction tool (PRISMA) was created for article selection and evaluation. A rubric was devised to assess the biases, limitations and uncertainties of included articles. For active transport 790 articles were retrieved, nine meeting the inclusion criteria. For diet 2524 articles were retrieved, 23 meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 31 articles were reviewed and assessed using the rubric, as one article met the inclusion criteria for both active transport and diet co-benefits. Methods used to estimate the effect of diet or active transport modification vary greatly precluding meta-analysis. The scale of impact on health and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) outcomes depends predominately on the aggressiveness of the diet or active transport scenario modelled, versus the modelling technique. Effective mitigation policies, infrastructure that supports active transport and low GHGE food delivery, plus community engagement are integral in achieving optimal health and GHGE outcomes. Variation in culture, nutritional and health status, plus geographic density will determine which mitigation scenario(s) best suit individual communities.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Mono- and Heterofloral Bee Pollen of Different Geographical Origins
Authors: Araújo Jucilene , Chambó Emerson , Costa Maria , Cavalcante da Silva Samira , Lopes de Carvalho Carlos , M. Estevinho Leticia
Published: April 2017

Recent research shows variations in pollen chemical constituents and, consequently, in their therapeutic properties. Mono and multifloral bee pollen extracts were investigated for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity properties, phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition. Generally, Eucalyptus spp. and multifloral extracts exhibited potent inhibitory activity against α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, lipase and hyaluronidase. On the other hand, Miconia spp. demonstrated higher antihemolytic activity. Cocos nucifera and Miconia spp. extracts exhibited important antioxidant properties in the different assays (ABTS, DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid and reducing power). Moreover, these extracts had greater amounts of total phenols and flavonoids in comparison to others. The increase in antioxidant activity (decrease in EC50 values) was accompanied by an increase in the amount of total phenols in the extracts. The pollen extracts contained linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid as major fatty acids, followed by palmitic acid, and oleic acid. In this study, differences were observed in both chemical constituents and biological activities of the samples related to the geographical and botanical origin of bee pollen.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Calcium Remodeling in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Pérez-Riesgo Enrique , Gutiérrez Lucía , Ubierna Daniel , Acedo Alberto , Moyer Mary , Núñez Lucía , Villalobos Carlos
Published: April 2017

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells undergo the remodeling of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, which contributes to cancer hallmarks such as enhanced proliferation, invasion and survival. Ca2+ remodeling includes critical changes in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and Ca2+ store content. Some changes have been investigated at the molecular level. However, since nearly 100 genes are involved in intracellular Ca2+ transport, a comprehensive view of Ca2+ remodeling in CRC is lacking. We have used Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to investigate differences in expression of 77 selected gene transcripts involved in intracellular Ca2+ transport in CRC. To this end, mRNA from normal human colonic NCM460 cells and human colon cancer HT29 cells was isolated and used as a template for transcriptomic sequencing and expression analysis using Ion Torrent technology. After data transformation and filtering, exploratory analysis revealed that both cell types were well segregated. In addition, differential gene expression using R and bioconductor packages show significant differences in expression of selected voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and store-operated Ca2+ entry players, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, Ca2+ release channels, Ca2+ pumps, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoforms and genes involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. These data provide the first comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of Ca2+ remodeling in CRC.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Ti–5Sn–xMo Alloys
Authors: Yu Hsing-Ning , Hsu Hsueh-Chuan , Wu Shih-Ching , Hsu Shih-Kuang , Ho Wen-Fu
Published: April 2017

Ti–5Sn–xMo (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20 wt %) alloys were designed and prepared for application as implant materials with superior mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that the crystal structure and mechanical properties of Ti–5Sn–xMo alloys are highly affected by their Mo content. The as-cast microstructures of Ti–5Sn–xMo alloys transformed in the sequence of phases α′ → α″ → β, and the morphologies of the alloys changed from a lath structure to an equiaxed structure as the Mo content increased. The α″-phase Ti–5Sn–7.5Mo (80 GPa) and β-phase Ti–5Sn–10Mo (85 GPa) exhibited relatively low elastic moduli and had excellent elastic recovery angles of 27.4° and 37.8°, respectively. Furthermore, they exhibited high ductility and moderate strength, as evaluated using the three-point bending test. Search for a more suitable implant material by this study, Ti–5Sn–xMo alloys with 7.5 and 10 wt % Mo appear to be promising candidates because they demonstrate the optimal combined properties of microhardness, ductility, elastic modulus, and elastic recovery capability.
Effects of HfB2 and HfN Additions on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of TiB2-Based Ceramic Tool Materials
Authors: An Jing , Song Jinpeng , Liang Guoxing , Gao Jiaojiao , Xie Juncai , Cao Lei , Wang Shiying , Lv Ming
Published: April 2017

The effects of HfB2 and HfN additions on the microstructures and mechanical properties of TiB2-based ceramic tool materials were investigated. The results showed that the HfB2 additive not only can inhibit the TiB2 grain growth but can also change the morphology of some TiB2 grains from bigger polygons to smaller polygons or longer ovals that are advantageous for forming a relatively fine microstructure, and that the HfN additive had a tendency toward agglomeration. The improvement of flexural strength and Vickers hardness of the TiB2-HfB2 ceramics was due to the relatively fine microstructure; the decrease of fracture toughness was ascribed to the formation of a weaker grain boundary strength due to the brittle rim phase and the poor wettability between HfB2 and Ni. The decrease of the flexural strength and Vickers hardness of the TiB2-HfN ceramics was due to the increase of defects such as TiB2 coarse grains and HfN agglomeration; the enhancement of fracture toughness was mainly attributed to the decrease of the pore number and the increase of the rim phase and TiB2 coarse grains. The toughening mechanisms of TiB2-HfB2 ceramics mainly included crack bridging and transgranular fracture, while the toughening mechanisms of TiB2-HfN ceramics mainly included crack deflection, crack bridging, transgranular fracture, and the core-rim structure.
Surface Modelling of Nanostructured Copper Subjected to Erosion-Corrosion
Authors: Irfan Osama , Mukras Saad , Al-Mufadi Fahad , Djavanroodi Faramarz
Published: April 2017

The last decade has witnessed considerable advancements in nanostructured material synthesis and property characterization. However, there still exists some deficiency in the mechanical and surface property characterization of these materials. In this paper, the erosion corrosion (E-C) behavior of nanostructured copper was studied. The nanostructured copper was produced through severe plastic deformation (SPD) by applying four passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The combined effects of the testing time, impact velocity, and concentration of erosive solid particles (i.e., sand concentration) on the E-C behavior of nanostructured copper were then examined. Based on a defined domain for the testing time, impact velocity, and sand concentration, E-C tests were performed for numerous combinations of test points via the slurry pot method. The test points were selected using the face-centered center composite design of experiments to enable visualization of the test results through surface plots. The extent of E-C on the test specimens was determined by measuring the mass loss. Polynomial regression and Kriging were used to fit surfaces to the experimental data, which were subsequently used to generate surface plots. The results showed that the E-C of nanostructured copper is best described by a quadratic function of testing time, velocity, and erosive solid particle concentration. The results also revealed that E-C increases with an increasing testing time, impact velocity, and erosive solid particle concentration. In addition, it was observed that the effect of the erosive solid particles on E-C is further intensified by an increased impact velocity.
Improving the Design of MEMS INS-Aided PLLs for GNSS Carrier Phase Measurement under High Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Tisheng , Ban Yalong , Niu Xiaoji , Guo Wenfei , Liu Jingnan
Published: April 2017

The phase locked loop (PLL) bandwidth suffers a dilemma on carrier phase accuracy and dynamic stress tolerance in stand-alone global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. With inertial navigation system (INS) aiding, PLLs only need to tolerate aiding information error, instead of dynamic stress. To obtain accurate carrier phase under high dynamics, INS-aided PLLs need be optimally designed to reduce the impact of aiding information error. Typical micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) INS-aided PLLs are implemented and tested under high dynamics. Tests using simulation show there is a step change in the aiding information at each integer second, which deteriorates the carrier phase accuracy. An improved structure of INS-aided PLLs is proposed to eliminate the step change impact. Even when the jerk is 2000 m/s3, the tracking error of the proposed INS-aided PLL is no more than 3°. Finally, the performances of stand-alone PLLs and INS-aided PLLs are compared using field tests. When the antenna jerk is 300 m/s3, the carrier phase error from the stand-alone PLLs significantly increased, while the carrier phase error from the MEMS INS-aided PLLs almost remained the same. Therefore, the proposed INS-aided PLLs can suppress tracking errors caused by noise and dynamic stress simultaneously under high dynamics.
Investigation of the Anti-Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Activity of Some Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones
Authors: Wulsten Imke , Costa-Silva Thais , Mesquita Juliana , Lima Marta , Galuppo Mariana , Taniwaki Noemi , Borborema Samanta , Da Costa Fernando , Schmidt Thomas , Tempone Andre
Published: April 2017

Leishmaniases are neglected infectious diseases caused by parasites of the ‘protozoan’ genus Leishmania. Depending on the parasite species, different clinical forms are known as cutaneous, muco-cutaneous, and the visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL is particularly fatal and the therapy presents limitations. In the search for new anti-leishmanial hit compounds, seven natural sesquiterpene lactones were evaluated against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, a pathogen causing VL. The pseudoguaianolides mexicanin I and helenalin acetate demonstrated the highest selectivity and potency against intracellular amastigotes. In addition, promastigotes treated with helenalin acetate were subject to an ultrastructural and biochemical investigation. The lethal action of the compound was investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and related techniques to detect alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, plasma membrane permeability, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Helenalin acetate significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial structural damage was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, displaying an intense organelle swelling. No alteration of plasma membrane permeability or ROS content could be detected. Additionally, helenalin acetate significantly increased the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages, probably potentiating the activity against the intracellular amastigotes. Helenalin acetate could hence be a useful anti-leishmanial scaffold for further optimization studies.
An Increased Understanding of Enolate Additions under Mechanochemical Conditions
Authors: Hopgood Heather , Mack James
Published: April 2017

Very little is known about enolate addition chemistry under solver-free mechanochemical conditions. In this report, we investigated the ability to selectively form products arising from the primary, secondary, and tertiary enolates under solvent-free conditions. Using potassium tert-butoxide as the base and primary, secondary, and tertiary electrophiles, we were able to generate various enolate addition products including, 1,3,3,3-tetraphenyl-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanone; a molecule we did not observe under traditional solution-based conditions.
Characterization of Compounds with Tumor–Cell Proliferation Inhibition Activity from Mushroom (Phellinus baumii) Mycelia Produced by Solid-State Fermentation
Authors: Zhang Henan , Shao Qian , Wang Wenhan , Zhang Jingsong , Zhang Zhong , Liu Yanfang , Yang Yan
Published: April 2017

The inhibition of tumor-cell proliferationbyan organicsolvent extract from the solid-state fermentation of Phellinus baumii mycelia inoculated in rice medium was investigated in vitro. The active compounds inhibiting tumor-cell proliferation were characterized. Results revealed that all (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol) fractions inhibited tumor-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest inhibitory effecton tumor-cell proliferation, and the butanol fraction had the lowest. Six compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate extract of P. baumii mycelia by the tandem application of silica-gel column chromatography (SGCC), high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), and preparative HPLC. These compounds were identified by NMR and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectroscopic methods as ergosterol (RF1), ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-yl pentadecanoate (RF3), 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde(RF6), inoscavinA (RF7), baicalein(RF10), and 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (RF13). To further clarify the activity of these compounds, the cell-proliferation-inhibition tests of these compounds on various tumor cells were carried out and evaluatedin vitro. Results suggested that compounds RF6, RF7, and RF10 had potent inhibition effects on the proliferation of a series of tumor cell lines, including K562, L1210, SW620, HepG2, LNCaP, and MCF-7cells. These findings indicated that P. baumii mycelia produced by solid-state fermentation in rice canbe used to obtain active compounds with the ability to inhibittumor-cell proliferation.