bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Phthalate Esters in Beverages and Water Samples by Solid Phase Extraction with Resin Based COFs as Filler
Authors: Ma Yunjie , Gao Xin , Ruan Yang , Cui Hang , Zhang Li , Zhang Wei , Wang Shaoyan
Published: December 2021

Resin based covalent organic framework material was used as filler for solid phase extraction (SPE), and the solid phase extraction effect was compared with that of traditional COF material (TpBD COFs). The enrichment capacity of four phthalate esters (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate) in beverage samples was investigated by SPE. Adsorption experiments showed that the kinetic adsorption behavior of COF materials for phthalate esters (PAEs) was more consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic adsorption model, and the static adsorption behavior is more in line with the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model. Solid phase extraction experiments proved that the SPE column prepared with two COF materials as adsorbents had good adsorption effects, high recovery (water: 97.99–100.56% and beverage: 97.93–100.23%) and were reusable (50 cycles), which could meet the requirements for trace detection of phthalate ester. It was found that the solid phase extraction effect was better than the four types of commercial SPE columns. The new COF material reduced the cost of monomer use and provided the possibility for its industrial production. Meanwhile, it also provided a new feasible scheme for enriching trace phthalate esters in practical samples.
Defining Recovery Potential in River Restoration: A Biological Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Wilkes Martin A. , Mckenzie Morwenna , Naura Marc , Allen Laura , Morris Mike , Van De Wiel Marco , Dumbrell Alex J. , Bani Alessia , Lashford Craig , Lavers Tom , England Judy
Published: December 2021

Scientists and practitioners working on river restoration have made progress on understanding the recovery potential of rivers from geomorphological and engineering perspectives. We now need to build on this work to gain a better understanding of the biological processes involved in river restoration. Environmental policy agendas are focusing on nature recovery, reigniting debates about the use of “natural” reference conditions as benchmarks for ecosystem restoration. We argue that the search for natural or semi-natural analogues to guide restoration planning is inappropriate due to the absence of contemporary reference conditions. With a catchment-scale case study on the invertebrate communities of the Warwickshire Avon, a fifth-order river system in England, we demonstrate an alternative to the reference condition approach. Under our model, recovery potential is quantified based on the gap between observed biodiversity at a site and the biodiversity predicted to occur in that location under alternative management scenarios. We predict that commonly applied restoration measures such as reduced nutrient inputs and the removal of channel resectioning could be detrimental to invertebrate diversity, if applied indiscriminately and without other complementary measures. Instead, our results suggest considerable potential for increases in biodiversity when restoration measures are combined in a way that maximises biodiversity within each water body.
Integrated Decision Support System for Pluvial Flood-Resilient Spatial Planning in Urban Areas
Authors: Truu Murel , Annus Ivar , Roosimägi Janet , Kändler Nils , Vassiljev Anatoli , Kaur Katrin
Published: December 2021

Flood-resilient spatial planning in urban areas involves designing and implementing structural and nonstructural measures. For the latter, urban planners apply a precautionary principle, which is normally not grounded in the actual performance of the urban drainage system (UDS). This approach, however, fails during weather extremes with heavy precipitation. This paper presents a new concept for reducing pluvial flood risks in the urban planning process. The novelty of the developed planning support system named Extreme Weather Layer (EWL) is that it creates dynamic interlinkages between land developments, the performance of UDS, and other factors that contribute to flood risk. The EWL is built on the digital twin of the existing UDS and delivers an easy-to-use concept, where the end user can analyze hydraulic modelling results interlinked with climate scenarios using the GIS platform. This allows planning specialists to consider land use and soil types in the urban environment to simulate the response of the storm water system and the catchments to different rainfall events. This proposed approach was piloted in Haapsalu (Estonia) and Söderhamn (Sweden). The resulting planning support system, which performs as a set of layers within municipalities’ GIS, allows decision makers to understand and predict the impact of various spatial planning decisions on the pluvial flood risk.
Modeling and Simulation of Source Separation in Sanitation Systems for Reducing Emissions of Antimicrobial Resistances
Authors: Londong Jörg , Barth Marcus , Söbke Heinrich
Published: December 2021

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfamethoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic environment.
An Experimental Study of Fluoride Removal from Wastewater by Mn-Ti Modified Zeolite
Authors: Yang Bo , Sun Guirong , Quan Bingxu , Tang Jiawei , Zhang Chunhui , Jia Chaomin , Tang Yuanhui , Wang Xinling , Zhao Mengmeng , Wang Wenqian , Xiao Binhu
Published: December 2021

The emerging interest in fluoride-removal from wastewater has attracted attention to zeolite since it has been considered as a natural adsorbent. However, the fluoride-removal efficiency of natural zeolite is generally low. As part of the effort to improve the zeolite adsorption efficiency, we have produced and tested the Mn-Ti modified zeolite. In the current work, the material preparation is discussed, and prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Both static and dynamic experiments were conducted to examine the effects of independent variables. In the static adsorption section, sensitivity analysis experiments were conducted for independent variables, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and competitive ions. The maximum adsorption capacity is 2.175 mg/g, which was obtained at PH = 7, temperature = 25 °C, and initial fluoride concentration = 10 mg/L. For adsorption kinetics, both Lagergren and Pseudo-second order models predict the experiments very well, which probably demonstrates that the current process is a combination of physical sorption and chemisorption. For adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich model performs better than the Langmuir model since it is usually applied to illustrate adsorption on inhomogeneous surfaces. In the dynamic adsorption section, sensitivity analysis experiments were also conducted for independent variables, such as adsorbent thickness, flow velocity, initial fluoride concentration, and PH. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism is also discussed. The main reason is the hydrated metal fluoride precipitate formation. As we know, the current work provides the first quantified comparison of the natural zeolite and the Mn-Ti modified zeolite regarding fluoride-removal efficiency.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Natural Water in the Southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Gao Zongjun , Tong Hui , Su Qiao , Liu Jiutan , Gao Fasheng , Han Cong
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of natural water in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To this end, 19 groundwater samples were collected, tested, and analyzed using various methods, such as mathematical statistics, a Piper diagram, correlation analysis, Gibbs plots, and an ion ratio analysis. The results show that the dominant anions are HCO3− and SO42−, and the dominant cations are Ca2+ and Mg2+, which accounted for 98.50% and 85.94% of the total amount of anions and cations, respectively. The samples were weakly alkaline water, where the TDS (total dissolved solids) ranged from 28.00 mg/L to 242.00 mg/L, with an average value of 129.10 mg/L. The hydrochemical types were mainly Ca·Mg-HCO3·SO4—accounting for 42.10%. The hydrochemical evolution process was found to be mainly controlled by the weathering and dissolution of carbonate and silicate rocks. The main sources of Na+ and K+ are rock salt and silicate rocks, and those of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and SO42− are from the dissolution of dolomite, calcite, gypsum, and other calcium and magnesium bearing minerals. In addition, atmospheric precipitation serves as a replenishment source of natural water in the region, and the recharge is affected by evaporation.
Intense Precipitation and Area of Risk: A Case Study of Mass Movement in the City of Natal, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Marcos Samuel Matias , Spyrides Maria Helena Constantino , Andrade Lara de Melo Barbosa , Lima Kellen Carla , Amaro Venerando Eustáquio , Pinheiro Lívian Rafaely de Santana Gomes , Coutinho Maytê Duarte Leal , Alves Juliana Emanuelle da Costa Andrade
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the atmospheric conditions associated with an event of intense precipitation caused by Easterly Wave Disturbances (EWDs), as well as the environmental conditions related to the mass gravitational movement that occurred between 14th June and 15th June of 2014, in the district of Mãe Luiza, Natal/RN/Brazil. The synoptic conditions, the vertical integrated moisture flux and the energetic behavior in the EWD’s performance phases were analyzed. In addition to these factors, local environmental aspects were assessed, classifying the vulnerability to disaster events in the affected area. Over the days of the operation of the atmospheric system, the daily accumulation of precipitation was greater than 100 mm, with precipitation accumulated in 3 h in the order of 60 mm for the stages of maturation of the disturbance. The main synoptic conditions associated with EWDs were exhibited by the intense anomalies of wind speed and high humidity flux on the east coast of the Northeast, which intensified the influx of moisture into the continent over the period of the operation of the system. Conditions of high to very high vulnerability were identified in the area where the event took place and also in other expressive parts of the district.
Retaining Relative Height Information: An Enhanced Technique for Depression Treatment in Digital Elevation Models
Authors: Chen Bo , Ma Chunying , Xiao Yao , Gao Hanxin , Shi Peijun , Zheng Jing
Published: December 2021

This study presents an enhanced variant of the priority-flood based algorithm proposed by Wang and Liu for treating depressions in digital elevation models (DEMs). The enhanced variant redefines spill elevation, the key concept of the original algorithm, as the lowest elevation that a pixel needs to have to ensure a non-ascending path toward the border of the DEM, plus the larger of a small number (~0.001) and the difference between the unaltered elevation values of the focal pixel and its immediate downhill neighbor. This redefinition is adopted to obtain an intermediate elevation surface to direct flow and ultimately to carve the original DEM. Each carving starts from a depression bottom and propagates downstream until a downhill cell is guaranteed in the original DEM. Tests of these algorithms on a complex terrain of the 260,000 km2 Sichuan structural basin in China shows that the enhanced algorithm maximally preserves the original flow directions and extracts realistic drainage networks. Retaining the relative heights, and therefore flow directions, of cells within depressions allows the new algorithm to offer a depressionless DEM with small modification of its origin for further hydrologic applications. The enhanced depression treatment algorithm is provided as the freely available tool BNUSinkRemv.
Application of a SWAT Model for Supporting a Ridge-to-Reef Framework in the Pago Watershed in Guam
Authors: Yeo Myeong-Ho , Chang Adriana , Pangelinan James
Published: December 2021

This study implemented experimental and numerical approaches for supporting the Pago Bay ridge-to-reef management program. Water quality tests for turbidity and inorganic dissolved nitrogen (IDN) were performed using water samples collected from four sites within the Pago Watershed. After conducting a one-way ANOVA test, the result shows significant differences in group means in turbidity levels (F value = 20.4 and p-value 3.29 × 10−7). Application of Tukey’s HSD test identifies one of the sites, the Pago River section, yields more sediment and IDN to the river system and Pago coral reef area. Observation of heavy rainfall, which causes much of the erosion and sediment transport, over the area should be taken into account in order to create best management practices. In addition, this study proposes a SWAT model for the watershed to identify locations of concern. The SWAT model was calibrated using historical streamflow data for the period of 2012–2018 and validated with data for the period of 2019–2020. The NSE and R2 values for the calibration are 0.864 and 0.938, respectively. For the validation period, the NSE value is 0.857, and the value of R2 is 0.937. In terms of sediments and nutrients, sub-basins connected to Pago River comprise the major source areas. Estimation of more sediment loads during the wet-monsoon season implies that heavy rainfall induces more erosion over the region.
Development of a Social Impact Assessment for the Water Environment: A Professional Perspective
Authors: Lee Chia-Chi , Huang Kuo-Ching , Kuo Shih-Yun , Cheng Chien-Ke , Tung Ching-Pin , Liu Tzu-Ming
Published: December 2021

Climate change and population growth are increasing the frequency of flooding and drought, resulting in conflict over water resources. Social impact assessments (SIA) of the allocation and management of water resources provide a way of reducing and resolving such conflicts. This article first explores the nature of SIA for water environments through an inductive analysis of the cases mentioned in more than 30 papers. Next, it identifies important advantages of SIA over integrated water resources management (IWRM) practices and indicates that while IWRM solves water-related issues to improve social well-being, it cannot entirely grasp the overall social impact of planned interventions. Following this, it analyzes the water environment governance structures in Taiwan, using questionnaire responses from water environment management professionals to discuss challenges of effectively implementing water environment SIA. The questionnaire covers 26 detailed tasks of SIA advocated by Vanclay et al. This research is the first to have evaluated the difficulty of the tasks. The survey results can be used as a reference for the implementation of SIA in other regions. The results show that (1) the water environment SIA is indeed necessary; (2) Taiwan’s water environment professionals need to improve from their current lack of understanding of SIA; (3) it is difficult to implement the water environment SIA; (4) it is necessary for SIA to clarify and integrate the authorities and responsibilities of relevant government departments; (5) the professionals believe the myth of quantification of SIA; and (6) water environment SIA must be integrated with the existing IWRM. Finally, we emphasize the need to integrate SIA and IWRM in a mutually complementary way, and illuminate the need for an integrated SIA framework for water environment management.
Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality and Hydrogeochemistry in the Endemic Areas of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Imbulana Sachithra , Oguma Kumiko , Takizawa Satoshi
Published: December 2021

Groundwater quality and geochemical processes were investigated in the endemic areas of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Representative groundwater samples (n = 60) were collected from 30 dug wells located in the Anuradhapura district, over the dry and wet seasons. The samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, major cations and major anions. Calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate ion combinations are predominant in this groundwater, and the simultaneous occurrence of high hardness (382–394 mg/L as CaCO3), alkalinity (364–379 mg/L as CaCO3) and ionicity is a salient characteristic. Alkalinity, TDS, hardness, and magnesium exceeded the safe limits for drinking in over half of the samples, regardless of the season. The major ion chemistry (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and HCO3−) is primarily governed by the weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals, ion exchange, and evaporation which is accelerated by the semi-arid climate. Fluoride and chloride inputs are regulated by dissolution of fluoride-bearing minerals and anthropogenic causes, respectively. Saturation indices suggested supersaturation of carbonates and silicates, and undersaturation of evaporites and fluorite. Persistent high ionicity, and hardness of groundwater that is seldom impacted by seasonal variations might be playing a vital role in the genesis of CKDu.
Variation of Runoff and Runoff Components of the Upper Shule River in the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau under Climate Change
Authors: Wu Jinkui , Li Hongyuan , Zhou Jiaxin , Tai Shuya , Wang Xueliang
Published: December 2021

Quantifying the impact of climate change on hydrologic features is essential for the scientific planning, management and sustainable use of water resources in Northwest China. Based on hydrometeorological data and glacier inventory data, the Spatial Processes in Hydrology (SPHY) model was used to simulate the changes of hydrologic processes in the Upper Shule River (USR) from 1971 to 2020, and variations of runoff and runoff components were quantitatively analyzed using the simulations and observations. The results showed that the glacier area has decreased by 21.8% with a reduction rate of 2.06 km2/a. Significant increasing trends in rainfall runoff, glacier runoff (GR) and baseflow indicate there has been a consistent increase in total runoff due to increasing rainfall and glacier melting. The baseflow has made the largest contribution to total runoff, followed by GR, rainfall runoff and snow runoff, with mean annual contributions of 38%, 28%, 18% and 16%, respectively. The annual contribution of glacier and snow runoff to the total runoff shows a decreasing trend with decreasing glacier area and increasing temperature. Any increase of total runoff in the future will depend on an increase of rainfall, which will exacerbate the impact of drought and flood disasters.
A Hydrological Modeling Approach for Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Runoff Regimes in Slovakia
Authors: Sleziak Patrik , Výleta Roman , Hlavčová Kamila , Danáčová Michaela , Aleksić Milica , Szolgay Ján , Kohnová Silvia
Published: December 2021

The changing climate is a concern with regard to sustainable water resources. Projections of the runoff in future climate conditions are needed for long-term planning of water resources and flood protection. In this study, we evaluate the possible climate change impacts on the runoff regime in eight selected basins located in the whole territory of Slovakia. The projected runoff in the basins studied for the reference period (1981–2010) and three future time horizons (2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100) was simulated using the HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) bucket-type model (the TUW (Technische Universität Wien) model). A calibration strategy based on the selection of the most suitable decade in the observation period for the parameterization of the model was applied. The model was first calibrated using observations, and then was driven by the precipitation and air temperatures projected by the KNMI (Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut) and MPI (Max Planck Institute) regional climate models (RCM) under the A1B emission scenario. The model’s performance metrics and a visual inspection showed that the simulated runoff using downscaled inputs from both RCM models for the reference period represents the simulated hydrological regimes well. An evaluation of the future, which was performed by considering the representative climate change scenarios, indicated that changes in the long-term runoff’s seasonality and extremality could be expected in the future. In the winter months, the runoff should increase, and decrease in the summer months compared to the reference period. The maximum annual daily runoff could be more extreme for the later time horizons (according to the KNMI scenario for 2071–2100). The results from this study could be useful for policymakers and river basin authorities for the optimum planning and management of water resources under a changing climate.
Glucose Addition Enhanced the Advanced Treatment of Coking Wastewater
Authors: Li Na , Xia Yu , He Xuwen , Li Weijia , Yuan Lianhua , Wu Xu , Qin Yihe , Yuan Run , Gong Xun
Published: December 2021

Biological processes have high removal efficiencies and low operational costs, but the secondary effluent of coking wastewater (CWW), even at a low concentration, is difficult for microorganisms to degrade directly. In this study, glucose was used as a carbon source and co-metabolic substrate for microbial acclimation in order to enhance the advanced treatment of coking wastewater (CWW). The removal performance of the pollutants, especially recalcitrant compounds, was studied and the changes in the microbial community structure after activated sludge acclimation were analyzed. The effect of glucose addition on the secondary biochemical effluent of coking wastewater (SBECW) treatment by the acclimated sludge was further studied by a comparison between the performance of two parallel reactors seeded with the acclimated sludge. Our results showed that the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and UV absorption at 254 nm (UV254) of the wastewater decreased in the acclimation process. Refractory organic matter, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing heterocyclics, in the SBECW was effectively degraded by the acclimated sludge. High-throughput sequencing revealed that microbes with a strong ability to degrade recalcitrant compounds were enriched after acclimation, such as Thauera (8.91%), Pseudomonas (3.35%), and Blastocatella (10.76%). Seeded with the acclimated sludge, the reactor with the glucose addition showed higher COD removal efficiencies than the control system without glucose addition (p < 0.05). Collectively, glucose addition enhanced the advanced treatment of coking wastewater (CWW).
Incorporating Advanced Scatterometer Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture Products into the Calibration of a Conceptual Semi-Distributed Hydrological Model
Authors: Kubáň Martin , Parajka Juraj , Tong Rui , Pfeil Isabella , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Sleziak Patrik , Adam Brziak , Szolgay Ján , Kohnová Silvia , Hlavčová Kamila
Published: December 2021

The role of soil moisture is widely accepted as a significant factor in the mass and energy balance of catchments as a controller in surface and subsurface runoff generation. The paper examines the potential of a new dataset based on advanced scatterometer satellite remote sensing of soil moisture (ASCAT) for multiple objective calibrations of a dual-layer, conceptual, semi-distributed hydrological model. The surface and root zone soil moisture indexes based on ASCAT data were implemented into calibration of the hydrological model. Improvements not only in the instrument specifications, i.e., better temporal and spatial sampling, but also in the higher radiometric accuracy and retrieval algorithm, were applied. The analysis was performed in 209 catchments situated in different physiographic and climate zones of Austria for the period 2007–2018. We validated the model for two validation periods. The results show that multiple objective calibrations have a substantial positive effect on constraining the model parameters. The combined use of soil moisture and discharges in the calibration improved the soil moisture simulation in more than 73% of the catchments, except for the catchments with higher forest cover percentages. Improvements also occurred in the runoff model efficiency, in more than 27% of the catchments, mostly in the watersheds with a lower mean elevation and a higher proportion of farming land use, as well as in the Alpine catchments where the runoff is not significantly influenced by snowmelt and glacier runoff.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Nutrient Elements and Heavy Metals in the Ganjiang River Basin
Authors: Chu Xiaodong , Wu Daishe , Wang Hao , Zheng Fangwen , Huang Cheng , Hu Liang
Published: December 2021

The pollution of water bodies by nutrients and heavy metals can lead to a loss of biodiversity, environmental degradation, and harm to human health. During the two-month monitoring period (e.g., December 2019 to January 2020), variables such as trace metals (e.g., Cu, Zn, As, and Cr), nutrients (e.g., NH4+-N, TN, and TP), water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) were measured at 102 monitoring points in the main stream and tributaries of the Ganjiang River in the Poyang Lake Basin. A variety of multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis, were used to conduct risk assessments and source analyses of the nutrient elements and heavy metals in the Ganjiang River system. The results show that although the Ganjiang River Basin is polluted by human activities, its water chemistry characteristics and trace metal and nutrient elements concentrations were better than the national standards. Through principal component analysis, the water pollution sources could be divided into urban sewage, agricultural activities, industrial activities, and the sources of industrial activities and transportation activities. The comprehensive risks of noncarcinogens (Hc) and comprehensive risks of carcinogens (Rc) for adults and children due to drinking water indicated that the risk from drinking water for the children in the basin was greater than that for adults, and that the Hc for adults and children was acceptable. However, the Rc for adults and children was slightly higher than the acceptable values. This study provides a reference for the fine control of the environmental water pollution sources in the Ganjiang river basin and health risk assessments in the basin, which are of great significance for improving the environmental water quality standards in the river basin and for reducing the risk of carcinogenesis.
The Application of Low Impact Development Facility Chain on Storm Rainfall Control: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xu Hongliang , Liu Honglei , Zhou Bin
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, low impact development (LID) has become an increasingly important concern as a state-of-the-art stormwater management mode to treat urban flood, preferable to conventional urban drainage systems. However, the effects of the combined use of different LID facilities on urban flooding have not been fully investigated under different rainfall characteristics. In this study, a residential, neighborhood-scale catchment in Shenzhen City, southern China was selected as a case study, where the effects of four LID techniques (bio-retention, bio-swale, rain garden and pervious pavement) with different connection patterns (cascaded, semi-cascaded and paralleled) on runoff reduction efficiency were analyzed by the storm water management model (SWMM), promoted by the U.S. EPA. Three kinds of designed storm events with different return periods, durations and time-to-peak ratios were forced to simulate the flood for holistic assessment of the LID connection patterns. The effects were measured by the runoff coefficient of the whole storm–runoff process and the peak runoff volume. The results obtained indicate that the cascaded connect LID chain can more effectively reduce the runoff than that in the paralleled connect LID chain under different storms. The performances of the LID chains in modeling flood process in SWMM indicate that the runoff coefficient and the peak runoff volume increase with the increase in the rain return periods and the decrease in rain duration. Additionally, the move backward of the peak rain intensity to the end of the storm event slightly affects the peak runoff volume obviously while gives slight influence on the total runoff volume. This study provides an insight into the performance of LID chain designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.
Atlantic Ocean Variability and European Alps Winter Precipitation
Authors: Formetta Giuseppe , Kam Jonghun , Sadeghi Sahar , Tootle Glenn , Piechota Thomas
Published: December 2021

Winter precipitation (snowpack) in the European Alps provides a critical source of freshwater to major river basins such as the Danube, Rhine, and Po. Previous research identified Atlantic Ocean variability and hydrologic responses in the European Alps. The research presented here evaluates Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) and European Alps winter precipitation variability using Singular Value Decomposition. Regions in the north and mid-Atlantic from the SSTs were identified as being tele-connected with winter precipitation in the European Alps. Indices were generated for these Atlantic SST regions to use in prediction of precipitation. Regression and non-parametric models were developed using the indices as predictors and winter precipitation as the predictand for twenty-one alpine precipitation stations in Austria, Germany, and Italy. The proposed framework identified three regions in the European Alps in which model skill ranged from excellent (West Region–Po River Basin), to good (East Region) to poor (Central Region). A novel approach for forecasting future winter precipitation utilizing future projections of Atlantic SSTs predicts increased winter precipitation until ~2040, followed by decreased winter precipitation until ~2070, and then followed by increasing winter precipitation until ~2100.
Improving Drought Modeling Using Hybrid Random Vector Functional Link Methods
Authors: Adnan Rana Muhammad , Mostafa Reham R. , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Gorgij Alireza Docheshmeh , Kuriqi Alban , Kisi Ozgur
Published: December 2021

Drought modeling is essential in water resources planning and management in mitigating its effects, especially in arid regions. Climate change highly influences the frequency and intensity of droughts. In this study, new hybrid methods, the random vector functional link (RVFL) integrated with particle swarm optimization (PSO), the genetic algorithm (GA), the grey wolf optimization (GWO), the social spider optimization (SSO), the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) and the hunger games search algorithm (HGS) were used to forecast droughts based on the standard precipitation index (SPI). Monthly precipitation data from three stations in Bangladesh were used in the applications. The accuracy of the methods was compared by forecasting four SPI indices, SPI3, SPI6, SPI9, and SPI12, using the root mean square errors (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and the determination coefficient (R2). The HGS algorithm provided a better performance than the alternative algorithms, and it considerably improved the accuracy of the RVFL method in drought forecasting; the improvement in RMSE for the SPI3, SP6, SPI9, and SPI12 was by 6.14%, 11.89%, 14.14%, 24.5% in station 1, by 6.02%, 17.42%, 13.49%, 24.86% in station 2 and by 7.55%, 26.45%, 15.27%, 13.21% in station 3, respectively. The outcomes of the study recommend the use of a HGS-based RVFL in drought modeling.
Temporal/Spatial Variation of Terrestrial Water Storage and Groundwater Storage in Typical Inland River Basins of Central Asia
Authors: Lyu Ye , Huang Yue , Bao Anming , Zhong Ruisen , Yang Han
Published: December 2021

In this study, the Amu Darya river basin, Syr Darya river basin and Balkhash lake basin in Central Asia were selected as typical study areas. Temporal/spatial changes from 2002 to 2016 in the terrestrial water storage (TWS) and the groundwater storage (GWS) were analyzed, based on RL06 Mascon data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite, and the sum of soil water content, snow water equivalent and canopy water data that were obtained from Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Combing meteorological data and land use and cover change (LUCC) data, the joint impact of both human activities and climate change on the terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) and the groundwater storage change (GWSC) was evaluated by statistical analysis. The results revealed three findings: (1) The TWS retrieved by CSR (Center for Space Research) and the JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) showed a decreasing trend in the three basins, and the variation of TWS showed a maximum surplus in spring (March–May) and a maximum deficit in autumn (September–November). (2) The decreasing rates of groundwater storage that were extracted, based on JPL and CSR Mascon data sets, were −2.17 mm/year and −3.90 mm/year, −3.72 mm/year and −4.96 mm/year, −1.74 mm/year and −3.36 mm/year in the Amu Darya river basin, Syr Darya river basin and Balkhash lake basin, respectively. (3) In the Amu Darya river basin, annual precipitation showed a decreasing trend, while the evapotranspiration rate showed an increasing trend due to an increasing temperature, and the TWS decreased from 2002 to 2016 in most areas of the basin. However, in the middle reaches of the Amu Darya river basin, the TWS increased due to the increase in cultivated land area, water income from flooded irrigation, and reservoir impoundment. In the upper reaches of the Syr Darya river basin, the increase in precipitation in alpine areas leads to an increase in glacier and snow meltwater, which is the reason for the increase in the TWS. In the middle and lower reaches of the Syr Darya river basin, the amount of evapotranspiration dissipation exceeds the amount of water replenished by agricultural irrigation, which leads to a decrease in TWS and GWS. The increase in precipitation in the northwest of the Balkhash lake basin, the increase in farmland irrigation water, and the topography (higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest) led to an increase in TWS and GWS in the northwest of the Balkhash lake basin. This study can provide useful information for water resources management in the inland river basins of Central Asia.
Практика ведения мясного скотоводства в Российской Федерации и за рубежом. Перспективы развития отрасли для Республики Крым
Authors:   Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма, Усманова Е.Н. , Остапчук П.С. ,   Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма, Уппе В.А. ,   Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма, Куевда Т.А. ,   Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма
Published: December 2021

Научно-практическое издание. Рассматриваются вопросы производства говядины на основе личного опыта работы, обзора научных исследований, ресурсосберегающих технологий и технологических новшеств, внедренных в практику мясного скотоводства и кормопроизводства. Рекомендуются для руководителей, специалистов сельскохозяйственных предприятий агро­промышленного комплекса, фермеров и учащихся высших учебных заведений.
Percepção sobre serviços ecossistêmicos e áreas protegidas em uma microbacia com interface urbano-rural (Boituva, SP)
Authors: Consorti Giovana Francesca Rodrigues , Mariano Gabriel Telo , Prado Helbert Medeiros , Cardoso-Leite Eliana
Published: December 2021

Os serviços ecossistêmicos são essenciais para a vida humana e podem ser potencializados com a criação de áreas protegidas, seja no contexto rural ou urbano. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos moradores da Bacia do Ribeirão Pau D’Alho, em Boituva/SP, Brasil, acerca das áreas naturais de seu entorno e da possibilidade de criação de novas Unidades de Conservação (UC). Foi dada ênfase especial às comparações entre moradores rurais e àqueles no contexto urbano. Nesta bacia, uma área de alta prioridade para a conservação, existe um parque denominado "Parque Ecológico Eugênio Walter", que não é coberto pelo 'SNUC' (Lei Brasileira de Unidades de Conservação), ou seja, não é uma área protegida por lei. Fazendo uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas, 18 moradores rurais e 19 moradores urbanos participaram da pesquisa, com idades variando de 18 a 87 anos, em sua maioria com ensino médio. A partir da fala dos entrevistados, metáforas foram identificadas e classificadas enquanto representativas dos diferentes serviços ecossistêmicos, conforme modelos analíticos da relação Homem-natureza presente na literatura. Os resultados indicaram que não houve diferença significativa entre as percepções de moradores urbanos e rurais ao considerarem positiva a existência de áreas naturais em seu entorno. Os serviços ecossistêmicos culturais, atrelados ao sentimento de bem-estar que a natureza promove, foram os mais citados na percepção dos entrevistados em ambos os grupos de moradores. O serviço ecossistêmico de Regulação foi o segundo mais citado, estando, principalmente, relacionado ao clima e à qualidade do ar. Em termos gerais, a população entrevistada concorda com a criação de Unidade de Conservação na região e anseia por locais de lazer e contato com a natureza. O fato de Boituva ser um município de interesse turístico pode explicar parte dos dados obtidos. Por fim, os resultados aqui podem orientar a implementação de políticas públicas, voltadas à criação de novas áreas protegidas na região da microbacia foco deste estudo.
Gincana sobre resíduos sólidos na aula de Geografia
Authors: Andrade Areli da Silva , Souza Thais Emanuelle Monteiro dos Santos , Guimarães Walma Nogueira Ramos
Published: December 2021

As consequências do descarte irregular dos resíduos sólidos é um assunto de grande importância, pois afeta a vida de todos os seres vivos. O presente trabalho aborda o estudo da temática resíduos sólidos nas aulas de Geografia. O objetivo foi desenvolver uma gincana que buscasse sensibilizar os educandos para o descarte consciente dos resíduos sólidos durante as aulas de geografia, ao estudar os conceitos de paisagem e lugar. Foi feito uma pesquisa qualitativa, de análise direta e bibliográfica para o desenvolvimento da gincana como produto educacional. O produto desenvolvido foi validado por educadores de diversas áreas e através dele espera-se a formação de educandos mais responsável em relação as suas ações no ambiente.
A Educação Ambiental na valorização da fauna nativa: da arena à escola
Authors: Sousa Filho Francisco Alves de , Sales Francisco Arlan , Ferreira Letícia Sousa dos Santos , Nápolis Patrícia Maria Martins
Published: December 2021

O tema futebol pode ser trabalhado em várias disciplinas curriculares, assim como pode ser facilmente aliado a outras temáticas. Neste trabalho buscou-se: (a) identificar os vertebrados representados em mascotes de futebol no Nordeste brasileiro; (b) investigar a percepção de futuros professores de Ciências sobre as temáticas Educação Ambiental, fauna nativa e futebol e; (c) propor oficinas aliadas à essas temáticas para o ensino de Ciências. A pesquisa teve início com o levantamento de informações sobre mascotes de animais nos times de futebol de maior expressão no Nordeste do Brasil. Posteriormente, verificou-se que os futuros professores utilizariam as oficinas propostas ao ministrarem aulas de Ciências. Desse modo, este estudo mostrou como aproximar temas do cotidiano como o futebol à fauna nativa e Educação Ambiental em sala de aula. Espera-se que professores tenham acesso às oficinas propostas a fim de contextualizar conceitos biológicos sobre vertebrados nativos a partir de mascotes em times brasileiros de futebol.
A poluição por plásticos e a Educação Ambiental como ferramenta de sensibilização
Authors: Carneiro Thays Maria Queiroz Abreu , Silva Laís Araújo da , Guenther Mariana
Published: December 2021

A poluição por plásticos é um dos maiores impactos ambientais da atualidade. Nesse artigo discutimos esse problema, desde a origem dos plásticos, seu consumo excessivo e o resultante acúmulo de resíduos, e apresentamos soluções práticas através de iniciativas de Educação Ambiental. Nesse contexto, apresentamos o projeto “Xô Plástico”, uma iniciativa desenvolvida no estado de Pernambuco que vem promovendo sensibilização e mudanças de hábitos através de mutirões de limpeza de praias e manguezais. Através desse relato pretendemos sensibilizar também nossos leitores quanto a esse grave problema de poluição e estimular o desenvolvimento de mais iniciativas como essa em outras regiões do Brasil e do mundo.
Matrimonios y algo más. Blanca Podestá y Alberto Ballerini en clave artística, afectiva y laboral
Authors: Noguera Lía
Published: December 2021

A partir de los estudios realizados en el marco de una beca Investiga Cultura otorgada por el Ministerio de Cultura de la Nación Argentina para realizar en el Fondo Documental Jacobo De Diego, perteneciente al Instituto Nacional de Estudios de Teatro (Buenos Aires Argentina), nos proponemos dar cuenta en este artículo de las relaciones artísticas, económicas y afectivas de aquello que hemos denominado compañías-familias. Para ello, nos concentraremos en un matrimonio paradigmático del árbol genealógico de la familia Podestá en Argentina: Blanca Podestá y Alberto Ballerini.
Márgenes del archivo. Historia editorial de un motín
Authors: Ruiz Facundo
Published: December 2021

La obra de Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (1645-1700) puede distinguirse como la de una literatura cuya forma no encuentra su estilo. Y su estilo por eso, a lo largo de los siglos, ha desestabilizado su impresión (ecdótica y crítica), planteando preguntas que todavía hoy esperan respuestas. De ello, notablemente, da cuenta Alboroto y motín de los indios de México: en su escritura, en las lecturas de que fue objeto, en el sujeto de escritura que proyecta y, muy especialmente, desde su primera impresión en 1929. De ello también da cuenta la “incidencia de edición”, ese problema crítico.
The relationship between chronic kidney disease and restless legs syndrome and its effective factors. A case-control study.
Authors: Mousavi Zahra , Ghaemmaghami Mehrdad , Alipour Rasoul , Rahimpour Sona
Published: December 2021

I Restless legs syndrome (RLS), is a neurological disorder in which persons feel uncomfortable, especially at night, in the limbs and needs to move their legs. This condition worsens with rest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of restless legs syndrome in patients with renal insufficiency. In this case-control study, 180 patients with chronic kidney disease (90 hemodialysis patients and 90 non-dialysis patients) who referred to the nephrology clinic and dialysis ward of Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz, were investigated. Data collection was done through a questionnaire form which was based on the criteria of the International Association for the Study of Restless Legs Syndrome. Among 180 patients in studied, 92 (51.7%) cases were male and 88 (48.3%) cases were female. The mean age of patients was 60.4 ± 17.2. So, 90 non-dialysis patients and 90 hemodialysis patients were evaluated. Of all the hemodialysis patients studied, 33 (37%) patients had restless legs syndrome, and among the non-dialysis patients, only 16 (18%) patients had restless legs syndrome. The frequency of restless legs syndrome is significantly higher in patients undergoing hemodialysis (P=0.001). There was also a meaningful difference about the frequency of restless legs syndrome among the male (77%) patients than females (23%) (P=0.001). A significant percentage (27%) of patients with renal failure suffer from restless legs syndrome and the hemodialysis patients are more involved in this disease, which needs more importance. Also, based on our findings in this study, men have a high probability of a conflict of restless legs syndrome than women
TECHNOLOGY OF DEPOSITION OF COATINGS FROM HARD ALLOYS ON THE WORKING SURFACES OF FRICTION UNITS
Authors: Krokhalev A. V. , Kharlamov V. O. , Chernikov D. R. , Balagurov A. S. , Kuz’min S. V. , Lysak V. I.
Published: December 2021

A technology has been developed for applying explosively to the surface of centrifugal pump parts for pumping overheated distillate under NPP conditions of hard alloy coatings of the CrC-Ti system, which ensures high hardness of the coatings and the strength of their connection with the surface to be coated, and the best tribotechnical materials in comparison with existing materials friction characteristics against siliconized graphite in water.
Los derechos de las mujeres migrantes y la garantía dentro del Estado ecuatoriano
Authors: Granja Camacho Mario Danilo
Published: December 2021

Los derechos humanos son equidades universales inherentes al ser. La movilidad humana es una manifestación social reconocida por versados desde perspectivas que abarcan materias sociales y políticos. En este sentido, las mujeres migrantes tienen derecho a ser respetadas, garantizándoles la convivencia y erradicando el sexismo y medidas estigmatizadoras. El objetivo de esta investigación es percibir las vulnerabilidades y riesgos relevantes en las etapas del ciclo migratorio de las féminas, con el fin de identificar desviaciones en diferentes escenarios ecuatorianos. El enfoque metodológico es mixto, de tipo exploratoria e interpretativa. Se evaluaron datos estadísticos relacionados a la variable migración, en conjunto con el cumplimiento de garantía de las mujeres migrantes en Ecuador. Asimismo, se obtuvo información basada en testimonios de vida de mujeres involucradas en hechos de vulnerabilidad. Los resultados denotan violación en los beneficios migratorios, debilidad del estado de derecho de las migrantes y falta de integridad física por parte del Estado en algunos ámbitos migratorios. Las conclusiones señalan que es fundamental para el Estado ecuatoriano delinear acciones correctivas estipuladas en la Constitución, para restituir ciertos beneficios que fortalezcan ordenada y productivamente, los derechos relacionados con la estadía en el territorio ecuatoriano sobre las mujeres en condición de migrantes.