bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Sensory Aspects of Sponge Cakes Supplemented with Edible Insect Flours
Authors: Kowalski Stanisław , Gumul Dorota , Oracz Joanna , Rosicka-Kaczmarek Justyna , Mikulec Anna , Mickowska Barbara , Skotnicka Magdalena , Zborowski Marek
Published: October 2023

The chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and sensory aspects of sponge cakes with the addition of flours from edible insects (buffalo worm, cricket, and mealworm) were evaluated. The addition of edible-insect flours increased the protein, fat, and dietary fiber content in all cases. The utilization of edible insects demonstrated a notable augmentation in the phenolic compounds (especially protocatechuic acid and protocatechuic aldehyde, and syringic, ferulic, and sinapic acids). This resulted in an increase in the antioxidant activity measured against the ABTS radical cation, the DPPH radical, and ferric ions. The antioxidant potential, assessed by four different methods, unequivocally confirmed that the aforementioned polyphenolic compounds found in edible insects provide significant radical-scavenging and antioxidant activity in sponge cakes containing them. The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly lower in cakes with insect flour compared to the standard wheat cakes. Products and raw materials exhibited high values of the n − 6/n − 3 ratio, which may be associated with negative health effects, with a high oleic acid content. The amino acid score (AAS) for the essential amino acids exceeded 100% for all obtained products. The sponge cakes were accepted by consumers and the taste was the most important predictor for overall acceptability, whereas the structure and appearance had less impact.
Super-Antioxidant Vitamin A Derivatives with Improved Stability and Efficacy Using Skin-Permeable Chitosan Nanocapsules
Authors: Oh Hyeryeon , Lee Jin Sil , Kim Sunghyun , Lee Jeung-Hoon , Shin Yong Chul , Choi Won Il
Published: October 2023

Retinyl palmitate (RP) is a retinol ester with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as an antiwrinkle agent. However, it has poor aqueous solubility and easily degrades into inactive forms for topical applications. Therefore, we developed chitosan-coated nanocapsules (ChiNCs) to encapsulate RP using a simple nanoprecipitation method for protection against physiological conditions and to enable deep skin penetration. The as-prepared RP-loaded nanocapsules (RP@ChiNCs) loaded with approximately 5 wt.% RP exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of 86 nm and surface charge of 24 mV. They had adequate stability to maintain their physicochemical properties after lyophilization in a biological buffer. Notably, ChiNCs provided RP with remarkable protection against degradation for 4 weeks at 37 °C. Thus, RP@ChiNCs exhibited good antioxidant activity in situ for sufficiently long periods without considerable changes in their efficacy. Furthermore, ChiNCs enhanced the skin penetration of lipophilic RP based on the inherent nature of chitosan. RP@ChiNCs exhibited good in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects without causing any cytotoxicity in dermal fibroblasts. Accordingly, they promoted cell proliferation in a wound-scratch test and enhanced collagen synthesis. These results suggest that RP@ChiNCs are promising candidates for cosmetic and biomedical applications.
Hybrid Butterfly Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm-Based Constrained Multi-Objective Nonlinear Planetary Gearbox Optimization
Authors: Sedak Miloš , Rosić Maja
Published: October 2023

The multi-objective optimization (MOO) of a planetary gearbox is a challenging optimization problem, which includes simultaneous minimization of a number of conflicting objectives including gearbox volume, contact ratio, power loss, etc., and at the same time satisfying a number of complex constraints. This paper addresses this complex problem by proposing a modified hybrid algorithm, named Multi-objective Hybrid Butterfly Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (HMOBPSO), which integrates PSO and Particle Swarm Optimization (BOA) algorithms with the aim to improve the performance with respect to the considered problem. The proposed approach solves the non-convex Pareto set and provides vital insights for lowering gear weight and efficiency and avoiding early failure. The experimental analysis employs numerical simulations to determine the Pareto optimal solutions to the formulated MOO problem. The results show that the proposed method offers significant improvements in terms of gearbox size, efficiency, and spacing compared to the conventional methods. In addition, an assessment of the optimization performance of the proposed HMOBPSO algorithm has been conducted by comparing it to other established algorithms across several ZDT and DTLZ benchmark problems, where it demonstrated its effectiveness.
Superhydrophobic Coating Solutions for Deicing Control in Aircraft
Authors: Ferrari Michele , Cirisano Francesca
Published: October 2023

The risk of accidents caused by ice adhesion on critical aircraft surfaces is a significant concern. To combat this, active ice protection systems (AIPS) are installed on aircraft, which, while effective, also increase fuel consumption and add complexity to the aircraft systems. Replacing AIPS with Passive Ice Protection Systems (PIPS) or reducing the energy consumption of AIPS could significantly decrease aircraft fuel consumption. Superhydrophobic (SH) coatings have been developed to reduce water adherence to surfaces and have the potential to reduce ice adhesion, commonly referred to as icephobic coatings. The question remains whether such coatings could reduce the cost associated with AIPS and provide durability and performance through suitable tests. In this paper, we then review current knowledge of superhydrophobic and icephobic coatings as potential passive solutions to be utilized alternatively in combination with active systems. We can identify physical parameters, coating composition, structure, roughness, and morphology, durability as properties not to be neglected in the design and development of reliable protection systems in aircraft maintenance.
The Use of UAVs to Obtain Necessary Information for Flooding Studies: The Case Study of Somes River, Floresti, Romania
Authors: Gâlgău Raluca , Naș Sanda Marioara , Radulescu Virgil Mihai , Vereș Ioel Samuel , Bondrea Mircea Vasile
Published: October 2023

Floods are natural disasters that cause damage, loss of life, and economic problems throughout the world. Part of these losses can be minimized with the help of different methodologies and tools used to prepare simulations, analyses, and data monitoring to predict such phenomena in time. The metropolitan area of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, is the study area of this paper and it is located in Floresti, the largest rural settlement in Romania. In this area, changes in urbanization, land use, and the expansion of urban areas in a chaotic mode represent a problem. This study focuses on an area prone to flooding due to its proximity to the Somes River. Previous events of this type have caused economic losses that must be considered. This approach combines photogrammetric methods for obtaining data from the field with topographical methods for establishing control points and GIS methods for data processing, modeling, and simulation to obtain the necessary data for flood prevention and intervention.
Development of Numerical Modelling Techniques for a Firefighting Water Tank with an Anti-Wave Plate under Seismic Loads
Authors: Lee Sang-Eui , Lee Dong-Myung
Published: October 2023

A structure located in seismic regions must have a resistance capacity based on current seismic design codes and maintain this capacity for its design life. However, the responses of structures to several major earthquakes worldwide over the past decade have demonstrated the inadequacy of current seismic design codes. Thus, there is a need for an accurate method for assessing the strength of structures under seismic loads. Accordingly, this study aimed to numerically review the structural performance of a typical firefighting water tank equipped with an anti-wave plate under seismic loads. Quasi-static and transient structural analysis methods were developed to determine the structural strength of the water tank. In addition, a one-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method was developed to analyse the effect of the anti-wave plate on the liquid-sloshing motion in and the structural strength of the water tank. Moreover, convergence tests were performed to aid the development of mesh models and grid models for finite element method and finite volume method analyses, respectively. Subsequently, the structural responses of the water tank were determined via quasi-static, transient, and one-way FSI analyses. Finally, the effectiveness of the anti-wave plate for mitigating the sloshing pressure in the water tank and the structural responses according to the pressure change were analyzed. The commercial software ANSYS Workbench (ver. 2020R2) was used.
Handcrafted Reproduction of a 17th Century Bema Door Supported by 3D Digitization and CNC Machining
Authors: Barboutis Ioannis , Kamperidou Vasiliki , Economidis George
Published: October 2023

During the Ottoman period, wood had replaced marble in Orthodox churches. Between the 16th and 19th century, common, unknown craftsmen created wonderful wood-carved ecclesiastical works by hand, though many of them have been partially or completely destroyed, usually without any of their images being saved. Advances in technology now make it possible to develop a detailed digital copy of an object of our cultural heritage, creating an unaltered prototype material to be studied by all, while offering in parallel the ease of reproducing precise copies, ensuring even museum quality standards. In the present study, a corresponding attempt to record, scan and then reconstruct a 17th century “Bema Door” (located in the Holy Monastery of Hilandar in Mount Athos) is implemented, presented step-by-step and discussed, in order to highlight the challenges and potential of the applied methods. The process included on-site recording of a 3D digital scan, and then the creation of the Bema door copy, first applying Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machining and then, with elaborate handwork by experienced wood-carvers who successfully completed the process, imparting the necessary and unique human artistic character. The current work transfers the experience on this reproduction technique applied in a Bema door element, shares significant information and details on tools, materials, process steps, etc., in order to be an inspiration and stimulus for the preservation or reproduction of other cultural heritage monuments of high importance.
Recent Advances in Muconic Acid Extraction Process
Authors: Blaga Alexandra Cristina , Gal Diana Georgiana , Tucaliuc Alexandra
Published: October 2023

Due to its potential use in the production of new functional resins, bio-plastics, food additives, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals, muconic acid (MA), a high value-added bio-product with reactive dicarboxylic groups and conjugated double bonds, has attracted growing interest. Adipic acid, terephthalic acid, and trimellitic acid are examples of bulk compounds that can be produced using MA that are of high commercial importance. The development of biotechnological approaches for MA production has advanced greatly recently. The current analysis offers a thorough and organized summary of recent developments and difficulties in the extraction of MA. A variety of extractants are presented, along with any limitations and potential solutions. Finally, the possibilities for this field in light of its state, difficulties, and tendencies are explored.
Fresh White Cheeses from Buttermilk with Polymerized Whey Protein: Texture, Color, Gloss, Cheese Yield, and Peptonization
Authors: Bielska Paulina , Cais-Sokolińska Dorota
Published: October 2023

Buttermilk and whey, despite their documented health and technological potential, are still not sufficiently utilized for the development of new products. In this research, the texture, color, gloss, cheese yield, and peptonization of fresh white cheeses made from buttermilk with the addition of whey proteins after heat treatment were analyzed. Additionally, the influence of the polymerization process on cheese yield and composition was examined. Four fresh white cheese samples were prepared: without a whey protein concentrate (FWC); with a whey protein concentrate (FWC/WPC); with single-heated polymerized whey proteins (FWC/SPWP); and with double-heated polymerized whey proteins (FWC/DPWP). The introduction of whey proteins in buttermilk cheese production increased the cheese yield by over 2-fold. There were no differences in color and gloss between the FWC/SPWP and FWC/DPWP samples. The cheese became glassy and transparent during melting. The content of uncrushed curd that remained white ranged from 27% in FWC/DPWP to 74% in FWC/SPWP.
Detection of the Severity Level of Depression Signs in Text Combining a Feature-Based Framework with Distributional Representations
Authors: Muñoz Sergio , Iglesias Carlos Á.
Published: October 2023

Depression is a common and debilitating mental illness affecting millions of individuals, diminishing their quality of life and overall well-being. The increasing prevalence of mental health disorders has underscored the need for innovative approaches to detect and address depression. In this context, text analysis has emerged as a promising avenue. Novel solutions for text-based depression detection commonly rely on deep neural networks or transformer-based models. Although these approaches have yielded impressive results, they often come with inherent limitations, such as substantial computational requirements or a lack of interpretability. This work aims to bridge the gap between substantial performance and practicality in the detection of depression signs within digital content. To this end, we introduce a comprehensive feature framework that integrates linguistic signals, emotional expressions, and cognitive patterns. The combination of this framework with distributional representations contributes to fostering the understanding of language patterns indicative of depression and provides a deeper grasp of contextual nuances. We exploit this combination using traditional machine learning methods in an effort to yield substantial performance without compromising interpretability and computational efficiency. The performance and generalizability of our approach have been assessed through experimentation using multiple publicly available English datasets. The results demonstrate that our method yields throughput on par with more complex and resource-intensive solutions, achieving F1-scores above 70%. This accomplishment is notable, as the proposed method simultaneously preserves the virtues of simplicity, interpretability, and reduced computational overhead. In summary, the findings of this research contribute to the field by offering an accessible and scalable solution for the detection of depression in real-world scenarios.
Open Bite Treatment with Combined Aligners and Myofunctional Appliances: A Case Report
Authors: Tepedino Michele , Iancu Potrubacz Maciej , Esposito Rosa , Staderini Edoardo , Ciavarella Domenico
Published: October 2023

This case report describes an 18-year-old female patient with a skeletal class I pattern, mandibular asymmetry, a molar class III on the right side, a molar class II on the left side, and an anterior open bite (AOB). Treatment of AOB is often difficult for orthodontists and a multidisciplinary approach is sometimes required to rehabilitate the correct function and posture of the tongue. In this case the AOB was treated using the Nuvola® OP System: a treatment system that combines orthodontic aligners and a myofunctional elastodontic device called Freedom. An upper molar intrusion with miniscrews was performed during the first phase of the treatment programme, and then the aligner treatment began. The Nuvola® OP System ’s aligners are characterized by lingual pins that guide the tongue to the palatal spot position and take advantage of tongue function. The patient was instructed to wear the Freedom device for 30 min a day and to clench every 3 s with closed lips while wearing the aligners. These exercises improve the fitting of the aligners, improve the tongue’s posture, and take advantage of the masticatory forces to resolve the malocclusion. The patient was successfully treated, thus demonstrating that the Nuvola® OP System is a valid alternative for the treatment of AOB.
A Vision-Based Method for Simultaneous Instance Segmentation and Localization of Indoor Objects
Authors: Li Shuang , Wang Lihui , Yu Baoguo , Du Shitong , Yang Zihan
Published: October 2023

Visual-based positioning technology plays a pivotal role in spatial artificial intelligence, facilitating precise perception and comprehension of the physical world for robotic platforms and augmented reality devices. In this study, we propose a binocular camera-based method for spatial localization of targets using CNN for instance segmentation while simultaneously providing target location information. The method encompasses image acquisition and correction, target recognition and segmentation, and stereo matching, among other components. Building upon this foundation, we introduce a pedestrian recognition segmentation network model with an attention mechanism. To accurately locate the target, we employ a multi-feature fusion feature point extraction and matching algorithm that combines edge information with semantic information. Finally, our proposed method is evaluated for dynamic pedestrian targets in indoor environments, achieving a horizontal positioning error of less than 0.25 m.
Multiple Reflections and the Near-Field Effects on a Metamaterial Quarter-Wave Plate
Authors: Davis James , Güney Durdu
Published: October 2023

Metamaterial-based quarter-wave plates (QWPs) have emerged as promising candidates for advanced polarization control in a variety of optical applications, owing to their unique properties, such as ultra-thin profiles and tailored spectral responses. We design an ultra-thin, high-efficiency, and broadband QWP in transmission mode based on a TiO2/Au grating structure. We show that multiple reflections and the near-field effects associated with the integration of these devices pose challenges that must be considered when combining multiple metamaterials. We present insights that facilitate improved design methodology and the optimization of integrated metamaterial QWPs and other metadevices. Our results contribute to the development of miniaturized and high-density advanced lightwave and polarization control devices in optical systems.
Computer-Aided Visual Inspection of Glass-Coated Tableware Ceramics for Multi-Class Defect Detection
Authors: Carvalho Rafaela , Morgado Ana C. , Gonçalves João , Kumar Anil , Rolo Alberto Gil e Sá , Carreira Rui , Soares Filipe
Published: October 2023

Quality control procedures in the manufacturing of tableware ceramics require a demanding, monotonous, subjective, and faulty human manual inspection. This paper presents two machine learning strategies and the results of a semi-automated visual inspection of ceramics tableware applied to a private dataset acquired during the VAICeramics project. In one method, an anomaly detection step was integrated to pre-select possible defective patches before passing through an object detector and defects classifier. In the alternative one, all patches are directly provided to the object detector and then go through the classification phase. Contrary to expectations, the inclusion of the anomaly detector demonstrated a slight reduction in the performance of the pipeline, which may result from error propagation. Regarding the proposed methodology for defect detection, it exhibits average performance in monochromatic images with more than 600 real defects in total, efficiently identifying the most common defect classes in highly reflective surfaces. However, when applied to newly acquired images, the pipeline encounters challenges revealing a lack of generalization ability and experiencing limitations in detecting specific defect classes, due to their appearance and limited available samples used for training. Only two defect types presented high classification performance, namely Dots and Cracked defects.
An Improved Lax-Wendroff Scheme for Two-Dimensional Transient Thermal Simulation
Authors: Pei Yanrong , Jian Haifang , Li Wenchang
Published: October 2023

The stability and accuracy of explicit high-order finite difference (HOFD) algorithms have been research hotspots in different fields. To improve the stability and accuracy of the HOFD algorithms in thermal simulations, we present a Lax-Wendroff high-order finite difference (LHOFD) algorithm to solve the 2D transient heat transfer equation in this paper and develop an improved LHOFD (IHOFD) algorithm to improve the stability of the LHOFD algorithm. The formulas of the general high-order central FD (HOCFD) coefficients and the truncation error coefficient as well as the high-order non-central FD (HONFD) coefficients and the truncation error coefficient of the fourth-order spatial derivative are derived concisely in a different way. Furthermore, a unified analytical formula of the general HOCFD and HONFD coefficients, which can calculate the spatial derivative of any integer order, is derived. A new strategy of combination with the HOCFD and HONFD approximations under the same high-order accuracy as the internal computational domain is proposed to calculate the mixed derivatives of the boundary domains with high accuracy, no additional computational cost, and easy implementation. Then, the accuracy analysis, stability analysis, and comparative analysis of numerical simulation results obtained by the LHOFD and IHOFD algorithms with the exact solution show the correctness and validity of the proposed algorithms and their stability formulas, and the advantages of the proposed algorithms. The proposed algorithms are valid under both symmetric and asymmetric boundary conditions. The stability factor of the LHOFD algorithm is slightly higher than that of the conventional algorithm. The stability factor of the IHOFD algorithm is twice that of the conventional algorithm, and the maximum absolute error of the thermal simulation is within 0.015 (°C).
Poka Yoke in Smart Production Systems with Pick-to-Light Implementation to Increase Efficiency
Authors: Trojanowska Justyna , Husár Jozef , Hrehova Stella , Knapčíková Lucia
Published: October 2023

Product assembly is often the last step in the manufacturing process. This task is usually performed by an assembly worker who needs to have practical experience and expertise. For complex products, the assembly may require a long time to study assembly plans. This paper presents a custom-designed Pick-to-Light system using Poka Yoke principles to make this activity easier. The created modular system with two-stage verification serves to guide the assembler precisely. It shows him on the display which parts he should use in a strictly defined assembly step. Our proposal aims to shorten assembly time and reduce the number of errors, which was supported by a case study in a small company with 30 employees. After analysing the data, we can declare that the proposed system significantly reduces the time required for assembly from 7 to 35% and reduces the error rate by 35%. The solution is scalable and flexible, as it can be easily adapted to display assembly steps for a different product.
A System for Monitoring and Normative Qualification of Building Structure Vibrations Induced by Nearby Construction Works
Authors: Hypki Mateusz , Sumorek Andrzej , Kawecki Bartosz , Buczaj Marcin
Published: October 2023

Mechanical action can damage physical objects, such as building structures. The transfer of energy to the ground through the falling mass, forming a crater, can cause kinematic forces in the soil medium. An effect of these forces, connected with the technology of geotechnical machines, is vibrations of the ground and building structures. When finding the energy impact on the object is difficult or even impossible, vibration monitoring and indirect estimation of the negative energy impact effects is possible. Commercial off-the-shelf solutions exist for vibration monitoring and recording, but they are dedicated to one application type and are relatively expensive. This paper presents a proprietary system for monitoring and recording vibrations of building objects transmitted through the ground. This allows for local registration and remote administration and presentation of data via a computer network. Vibrations can be analysed according to the requirements of developers and clients. The developed system shows that creating an effective approach for collecting data on building vibrations using components from different suppliers is possible. The waveforms collected using the system confirm the effectiveness and flexibility of the presented solution, providing a possibility of using the results to decide whether the vibrations are within the standard limits.
Wedge Design and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Unequal-Length Wedge Slant Support Clutch
Authors: Zhu Chu , Wu Jiangming , Wu Xueshen , Lei Mingtao , Yan Hongzhi
Published: October 2023

This article proposes a design method for a “slow connect”-type clutch with unequal-length wedges, which ensures the wedges’ wear life while improving the engagement reliability of the clutch. A finite element model of the dynamics of an unequal-length wedge clutch was constructed. Compared with an ordinary clutch, the output shaft impact was reduced by more than 30%, and the response time and engagement time were reduced by approximately 50%. It was found that for every 0.005 mm increase in the length of the middle section of the wedge, the critical detachment speed of the wedge increased by approximately 2.2%. Finally, the excellent engagement response performance of the unequal-length wedge slant support clutch was verified through experiments.
The Impact of Fake News on Traveling and Antisocial Behavior in Online Communities: Overview
Authors: Stupavský Igor , Dakić Pavle , Vranić Valentino
Published: October 2023

The concept of “fake news” has become widespread in recent years, especially with the rise of the Internet. Fake news has become a worldwide phenomenon in the consumption of online information, as it is often designed to look like real news and is widely shared on social networks. Concerns regarding the possible detrimental effects of fake news on the public’s knowledge of events and topics, as well as on democracy and public discourse in general, have arisen as a result of the rise of social networks. This article aims to provide a summary of a scientific investigation of antisocial behavior from historical research, conceptual analysis, and qualitative research in the form of a case study method. With the aim of analyzing online forums and the concept of disinformation using fake news, its implications have consequences that provoke reflection on this phenomenon. In the results, we propose a framework for investigating and evaluating the concepts of fake news and its interaction with other forms of antisocial behavior, including whether we can achieve satisfactory results with a reduced amount of searched text. The desire is to observe whether we can use our proposed procedure with the application of artificial intelligence with the VADER BERT model in combination with the intensity of individual types of sentiment.
Quantum Computing in Insurance Capital Modelling under Reinsurance Contracts
Authors: Tamturk Muhsin , Carenzo Marco
Published: October 2023

In this study, we design an algorithm to work on gate-based quantum computers. Based on the algorithm, we construct a quantum circuit that represents the surplus process of a cedant under a reinsurance agreement. This circuit takes into account a variety of factors: initial reserve, insurance premium, reinsurance premium, and specific amounts related to claims, retention, and deductibles for two different non-proportional reinsurance contracts. Additionally, we demonstrate how to perturb the actuarial stochastic process using Hadamard gates to account for unpredictable damage. We conclude by presenting graphs and numerical results to validate our capital modelling approach.
More Effective Conditions for Testing the Oscillatory Behavior of Solutions to a Class of Fourth-Order Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Alrashdi Hail S. , Moaaz Osama , Askar Sameh S. , Alshamrani Ahmad M. , Elabbasy Elmetwally M.
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an investigation into the qualitative behavior of solutions for a specific class of fourth-order half-linear neutral differential equations. The main objective of this study is to improve the relationship between the solution and its corresponding function. By developing improved relationships, a novel criterion is proposed to determine the oscillatory behavior of the studied equation. The exclusion of positive solutions is achieved through a comparative approach in which the examined equation is compared to second-order equations. Additionally, the significance of the obtained results is demonstrated by applying them to various illustrative examples.
Common Fixed Point of (ψ, β, L)-Generalized Contractive Mapping in Partially Ordered b-Metric Spaces
Authors: Jiang Binghua , Huang Huaping , Radenović Stojan
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this paper is to attain the existence of coincidences and common fixed points in four mappings satisfying (ψ,β,L)-generalized contractive conditions in the framework of partially ordered b-metric spaces. The main results presented in this paper generalize some recent results in the existing literature. Furthermore, a nontrivial example is presented to support the obtained results.
In-Situ Polymerized Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for High-Safety Sodium Metal Batteries: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Hu Sijia , Wang Duo , Yuan Zhixiang , Zhang Hao , Tian Songwei , Zhang Yalan , Zhang Botao , Han Yongqin , Zhang Jianjun , Cui Guanglei
Published: October 2023

The practical usage of sodium metal batteries is mainly hampered by their potential safety risks caused by conventional liquid-state electrolytes. Hence, solid-state sodium metal batteries, which employ inorganic solid electrolytes and/or solid-state polymer electrolytes, are considered an emerging technology for addressing the safety hazards. Unfortunately, these traditional inorganic/polymer solid electrolytes, most of which are prepared via ex-situ methods, frequently suffer from inadequate ionic conductivity and sluggish interfacial transportation. In light of this, in-situ polymerized solid-state polymer electrolytes are proposed to simplify their preparation process and simultaneously address these aforementioned challenges. In this review, the up-to-date research progress of the design, synthesis, and applications of this kind of polymer electrolytes for sodium batteries of high safety via several in-situ polymerization methods (including photoinduced in-situ polymerization, thermally induced in-situ free radical polymerization, in-situ cationic polymerization, and cross-linking reaction) are summarized. In addition, some perspectives, opportunities, challenges, and potential research directions regarding the further development of in-situ fabricated solid-state polymer electrolytes are also provided. We expect that this review will shed some light on designing high-performance solid-state polymer electrolytes for building next-generation sodium batteries with high safety and high energy.
Lactose Permease Scrambles Phospholipids
Authors: Wang Lei , Bütikofer Peter
Published: October 2023

Lactose permease (LacY) from Escherichia coli belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. It facilitates the co-transport of β-galactosides, including lactose, into cells by using a proton gradient towards the cell. We now show that LacY is capable of scrambling glycerophospholipids across a membrane. We found that purified LacY reconstituted into liposomes at various protein to lipid ratios catalyzed the rapid translocation of fluorescently labeled and radiolabeled glycerophospholipids across the proteoliposome membrane bilayer. The use of LacY mutant proteins unable to transport lactose revealed that glycerophospholipid scrambling was independent of H+/lactose transport activity. Unexpectedly, in a LacY double mutant locked into an occluded conformation glycerophospholipid, scrambling activity was largely inhibited. The corresponding single mutants revealed the importance of amino acids G46 and G262 for glycerophospholipid scrambling of LacY.
How the Adequate Choice of Plant Species Favors the Restoration Process in Areas Susceptible to Extreme Frost Events
Authors: Viveiros Emerson , Francisco Bruno Santos , Dutra Felipe Bueno , de Souza Lindomar Alves , Inocente Mariane Cristina , Bastos Aline Cipriano Valentim , Costa Glória Fabiani Leão da , Barbosa Maycon Cristiano , Martins Rafael Paranhos , Passaretti Raquel Aparecida , Fernandes Maria José Pereira , Oliveira Julia Siqueira Tagliaferro de , Shiguehara Ana Paula Ponce , Manzoli Enzo Coletti , Teração Bruna Santos , Piotrowski Ivonir , Piña-Rodrigues Fátima Conceição Márquez , Silva José Mauro Santana da
Published: October 2023

This work aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by extreme frost events in an ecological restoration area. We grouped the species in three ways: (1) type of trichome coverage; (2) shape of the seedling crown; and (3) functional groups according to the degree of damage caused by frost. The variables of the restored area and species characteristics were selected to be subjected to linear generalization analysis models (GLMs). A total of 104 individuals from seven species were sampled. The most affected species were Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (98% of leaves affected), followed by Cecropia pachystachia Trécul and Hymenea courbaril L. (both 97%), Inga vera Willd. (84%), and Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose with 75%. Tapirira guianensis Aubl. was considered an intermediate species, with 62% of the crown affected. Only Solanum granulosoleprosum Dunal was classified as slightly affected, with only 1.5% of leaves affected. With the GLM analysis, it was verified that the interaction between the variables of leaf thickness (Χ² = 37.1, df = 1, p < 0.001), trichome coverage (Χ² = 650.5, df = 2, p < 0.001), and leaf structure culture (Χ² = 54.0, df = 2, p < 0.001) resulted in a model with high predictive power (AIC = 927,244, BIC = 940,735, Χ² = 6947, R² = 0.74, p < 0.001). Frost-affected crown cover was best explained by the interaction between the three functional attributes (74%). We found that there is a tendency for thicker leaves completely covered in trichomes to be less affected by the impact of frost and that the coverage of the affected crown was greatly influenced by the coverage of trichomes. Seedlings with leaves completely covered in trichomes, thicker leaves, and a funneled or more open crown structure are those that are most likely to resist frost events. The success of ecological restoration in areas susceptible to extreme events such as frost can be predicted based on the functional attributes of the chosen species. This can contribute to a better selection of species to be used to restore degraded areas.
Stable Isotope Provenance of Unidentified Deceased Migrants—A Pilot Study
Authors: Obertová Zuzana , Skrzypek Grzegorz , Danišík Martin , Rankenburg Kai , Cummaudo Marco , Olivieri Lara , Mazzarelli Debora , Cappella Annalisa , Evans Noreen , Ubelaker Douglas , Cattaneo Cristina
Published: October 2023

In the global migration crisis, one of the challenges in the effort to identify deceased migrants is establishing their region of origin, which facilitates the search for ante mortem data to be compared with the post mortem information. This pilot study explores the potential of using stable isotope analysis to distinguish between individuals coming from West Africa and the Horn of Africa. Six individuals (four of known origin and two of unknown origin) were sampled. δ13CVPDB(keratin), δ15NVPDB(keratin) and δ18OVSMOW(keratin) of hair were analysed using Elemental Analyzers coupled with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). δ18OVSMOW(carbonate) and δ13CVPDB(carbonate) of bone were analysed using GasBench II with IRMS, while 87Sr/86Sr composition was determined in bone and dental enamel using laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The stable isotope compositions of the individual from the Horn of Africa differed from the other individuals. The differences found between 87Sr/86Sr of enamel and bone and between δ18O and δ13C in bone and hair reflect changes in sources of food and water in accordance with regionally typical migration journeys. The analysis of multiple stable isotopes delivered promising results, allowing us to narrow down the region of origin of deceased migrants and corroborate the information about the migration journey.
8-Hydroxydaidzein Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits AML-Associated Gene Expression in U-937 Cells: Potential Phytochemical for AML Treatment
Authors: Wu Pei-Shan , Wang Chih-Yang , Hsu Hao-Jen , Yen Jui-Hung , Wu Ming-Jiuan
Published: October 2023

Background: 8-hydroxydaidzein (8-OHD) is a compound derived from daidzein, known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties in K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. However, its effects on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have not been fully understood. Method: To investigate its potential anti-AML mechanism, we employed an integrated in vitro–in silico approach. Results: Our findings demonstrate that 8-OHD suppresses the expression of CDK6 and CCND2 proteins and induces cell apoptosis in U-937 cells by activating Caspase-7 and cleaving PARP-1. Microarray analysis revealed that 8-OHD downregulates differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis pathways. Moreover, AML-target genes, including CCND2, MYC, NPM1, FLT3, and TERT, were downregulated by 8-OHD. Additionally, molecular docking software predicted that 8-OHD has the potential to interact with CDK6, FLT3, and TERT proteins, thereby reducing their activity and inhibiting cell proliferation. Notably, we discovered a synergic pharmacological interaction between 8-OHD and cytarabine (Ara-C). Conclusions: Overall, this study provides insights into the therapeutic applications of 8-OHD in treating AML and elucidates its underlying mechanisms of action.
Supplementing L-Citrulline Can Extend Lifespan in C. elegans and Attenuate the Development of Aging-Related Impairments of Glucose Tolerance and Intestinal Barrier in Mice
Authors: Rajcic Dragana , Kromm Franziska , Hernández-Arriaga Angélica , Brandt Annette , Baumann Anja , Staltner Raphaela , Camarinha-Silva Amélia , Bergheim Ina
Published: October 2023

L-Citrulline (L-Cit) is discussed to possess a protective effect on intestinal barrier dysfunction but also to diminish aging-associated degenerative processes. Here, the effects of L-Cit on lifespan were assessed in C. elegans, while the effects of L-Cit on aging-associated decline were determined in C57BL/6J mice. For lifespan analysis, C. elegans were treated with ±5 mM L-Cit. Twelve-month-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 8–10/group) fed a standard chow diet received drinking water ± 2.5 g/kg/d L-Cit or 5 g/kg/d hydrolyzed soy protein (Iso-N-control) for 16 or 32 weeks. Additionally, 4-month-old C57BL/6J mice were treated accordingly for 8 weeks. Markers of senescence, glucose tolerance, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microbiota composition were analyzed in mice. L-Cit treatment significantly extended the lifespan of C. elegans. The significant increase in markers of senescence and signs of impaired glucose tolerance found in 16- and 20-month-old control mice was attenuated in L-Cit-fed mice, which was associated with protection from intestinal barrier dysfunction and a decrease in NO2− levels in the small intestine, while no marked differences in intestinal microbiota composition were found when comparing age-matched groups. Our results suggest that pharmacological doses of L-Cit may have beneficial effects on lifespan in C. elegans and aging-associated decline in mice.
Currently Used Methods to Evaluate the Efficacy of Therapeutic Drugs and Kidney Safety
Authors: Huang Hung-Jin , Chou Chu-Lin , Sandar Tin , Liu Wen-Chih , Yang Hsiu-Chien , Lin Yen-Chung , Zheng Cai-Mei , Chiu Hui-Wen
Published: October 2023

Kidney diseases with kidney failure or damage, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), are common clinical problems worldwide and have rapidly increased in prevalence, affecting millions of people in recent decades. A series of novel diagnostic or predictive biomarkers have been discovered over the past decade, enhancing the investigation of renal dysfunction in preclinical studies and clinical risk assessment for humans. Since multiple causes lead to renal failure, animal studies have been extensively used to identify specific disease biomarkers for understanding the potential targets and nephropathy events in therapeutic insights into disease progression. Mice are the most commonly used model to investigate the mechanism of human nephropathy, and the current alternative methods, including in vitro and in silico models, can offer quicker, cheaper, and more effective methods to avoid or reduce the unethical procedures of animal usage. This review provides modern approaches, including animal and nonanimal assays, that can be applied to study chronic nonclinical safety. These specific situations could be utilized in nonclinical or clinical drug development to provide information on kidney disease.
SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein–Barr Virus-like Particles Associate and Fuse with Extracellular Vesicles in Virus Neutralization Tests
Authors: Roessler Johannes , Pich Dagmar , Krähling Verena , Becker Stephan , Keppler Oliver T. , Zeidler Reinhard , Hammerschmidt Wolfgang
Published: October 2023

The successful development of effective viral vaccines depends on well-known correlates of protection, high immunogenicity, acceptable safety criteria, low reactogenicity, and well-designed immune monitoring and serology. Virus-neutralizing antibodies are often a good correlate of protective immunity, and their serum concentration is a key parameter during the pre-clinical and clinical testing of vaccine candidates. Viruses are inherently infectious and potentially harmful, but we and others developed replication-defective SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles (VLPs) as surrogates for infection to quantitate neutralizing antibodies with appropriate target cells using a split enzyme-based approach. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-derived VLPs associate and fuse with extracellular vesicles in a highly specific manner, mediated by the respective viral fusion proteins and their corresponding host receptors. We highlight the capacity of virus-neutralizing antibodies to interfere with this interaction and demonstrate a potent application using this technology. To overcome the common limitations of most virus neutralization tests, we developed a quick in vitro diagnostic assay based on the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs with susceptible vesicles to quantitate neutralizing antibodies without the need for infectious viruses or living cells. We validated this method by testing a set of COVID-19 patient serum samples, correlated the results with those of a conventional test, and found good sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this serological assay can be adapted to a human herpesvirus, EBV, and possibly other enveloped viruses.
Follow-Up Findings in Multiple System Atrophy from [123I]Ioflupane Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT): A Prospective Study
Authors: Villena-Salinas Javier , Ortega-Lozano Simeón José , Amrani-Raissouni Tomader , Agüera Eduardo , Caballero-Villarraso Javier
Published: October 2023

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is subdivided into two types: MSA-P (parkinsonian) and MSA-C (cerebellar). Brain SPECT allows for the detection of nigrostriatal involvement, even in the early stages. To date, the scientific literature does not show a consensus on how to follow-up MSA, especially MSA-C. Our aim was to analyze the diagnostic effectiveness of repeat [123I]Ioflupane SPECT for the follow-up of MSA. Methods: A longitudinal observational study on 22 MSA patients (11 males and 11 females). Results: Significant changes were obtained in the quantitative SPECT assessments in the three Striatum/Occipital indices. The qualitative SPECT diagnosis did not show differences between the initial and evolving SPECT, but the neurologist’s clinical suspicion did. Our results showed a brain deterioration of around 31% at 12 months, this being the optimal cut-off for differentiating a diseased subject (capable of solving diagnostic error rate). Previous imaging tests were inconclusive, as they showed less deterioration in the SPECT and quantitative assessments with respect to the group of confirmed patients. Repeated SPECT increased the diagnostic sensitivity (50% vs. 75%) and positive predictive value (72.73% vs. 77%). In addition, repeated SPECT proved decisive in the diagnosis of initial inconclusive cases. Conclusion: Repeat SPECT at 12 months proves useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of MSA.
Role of Pericytes in Cardiomyopathy-Associated Myocardial Infarction Revealed by Multiple Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Lu Yanqiao , Huo Huanhuan , Liang Feng , Xue Jieyuan , Fang Liang , Miao Yutong , Shen Lan , He Ben
Published: October 2023

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular death worldwide. AMI with cardiomyopathy is accompanied by a poor long-term prognosis. However, limited studies have focused on the mechanism of cardiomyopathy associated with AMI. Pericytes are important to the microvascular function in the heart, yet little attention has been paid to their function in myocardial infarction until now. In this study, we integrated single-cell data from individuals with cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction (MI) GWAS data to reveal the potential function of pericytes in cardiomyopathy-associated MI. We found that pericytes were concentrated in the left atrium and left ventricle tissues. DLC1/GUCY1A2/EGFLAM were the top three uniquely expressed genes in pericytes (p < 0.05). The marker genes of pericytes were enriched in renin secretion, vascular smooth muscle contraction, gap junction, purine metabolism, and diabetic cardiomyopathy pathways (p < 0.05). Among these pathways, the renin secretion and purine metabolism pathways were also found in the process of MI. In cardiomyopathy patients, the biosynthesis of collagen, modulating enzymes, and collagen formation were uniquely negatively regulated in pericytes compared to other cell types (p < 0.05). COL4A2/COL4A1/SMAD3 were the hub genes in pericyte function involved in cardiomyopathy and AMI. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence about the importance of pericytes in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy-associated MI. DLC1/GUCY1A2/EGFLAM were highly expressed in pericytes. The hub genes COL4A2/COL4A1/SMAD3 may be potential research targets for cardiomyopathy-associated MI.