bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concurrent consumption of cocoa flavanols and caffeine does not acutely modulate working memory and attention
Authors: Akyürek Elkan G. , Altınok Ahmet , Karabay Aytaç
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Consumption of cocoa flavanols and caffeine might acutely enhance cognition, particularly in synergy. Due to the use of multifaceted tasks in prior research, it is unclear precisely which cognitive functions are implicated. Here we aimed to assess the acute effects of the (joint) ingestion of cocoa flavanols and caffeine on temporal attention, spatial attention, and working memory.

Methods

In four separate sessions of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 48 young adult participants consumed a placebo drink, a cocoa flavanols (415 mg) drink, a caffeine (215 mg) drink, and a drink containing both concurrently. In each session, after ingestion, we tested performance in three cognitive tasks. We tested temporal attention in a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation paradigm, known to elicit the attentional blink, in which the time between the targets was manipulated. We measured spatial attention in a visual search task, where we varied the number of distractors that appeared simultaneously with the target. We tested working memory in a delayed recall task, in which the number of stimuli to be remembered was manipulated.

Results

We obtained the expected performance pattern in each task, but found no evidence for modulation of response accuracy or reaction times by the ingestion of either substance, nor of their combined ingestion, even in the most challenging task conditions.

Conclusions

We conclude that, even when jointly ingested, neither the tested amount of cocoa flavanols nor caffeine have acute effects that are robustly measurable on cognitive tasks that target attention and working memory specifically.
Does simplification of plastic waste separation promote plastic recycling?
Authors: Ishimura Yuichi , Nomura Kai , Ichinose Daisuke
Published: November 2024

This study explores the effects of a policy intervention designed to simplify the standards for plastic waste separation on collection volume and the quality of recyclables. We employ a causal impact analysis based on a Bayesian structural time-series approach to estimate the effects of simplifying the municipal solid waste-separation process for plastic waste in Japan. We find that simplifying plastic waste-separation standards increases plastic packaging waste-collection volume. This effect seems to be largely driven by behavioral changes such as decreased time spent on waste separation. We also find that simplifying home separation increases the percentage of contaminated plastic packaging waste collected for recycling and other materials not subject to collection in the post-collection period. Several robustness and falsification tests corroborated these results. Our results highlight the importance of considering the trade-off between the quantity and quality of recyclables when designing plastic waste recycling policies.
Multimodal Argument as Dialogue
Authors: van Laar Jan Albert
Published: November 2024

According to a dialectical approach to argumentation, a single argument can be seen as a dialogical "Why? Because!" sequence. Does this also apply to multimodal arguments? This paper focuses on multimodal arguments with a predominantly visual character and shows that dialogues are helpful for identifying and reconstructing arguments in multimodal communication. To include nonverbal arguments in dialectical argumentation theory, it is proposed to regard dialogue as mode-fluid. The account of multimodal argument as dialogue will be compared with Champagne and Pietarinen’s account of visual argument as movement.
Molecular and Cellular Foundations of Aging of the Brain: Anti-aging Strategies in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dziewa Magdalena , Złotek Magdalena , Herbet Mariola , Piątkowska-Chmiel Iwona
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a condition characterized by the gradual degeneration of the nervous system that poses significant challenges to cognitive function and overall mental health. Given the increasing global life expectancy, there is an urgent need for effective strategies to prevent and manage Alzheimer’s disease, with a particular focus on anti-aging interventions. Recent scientific advancements have unveiled several promising strategies for combating Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ranging from lifestyle interventions to cutting-edge pharmacological treatments and therapies targeting the underlying biological processes of aging and AD. Regular physical exercise, cognitive engagement, a balanced diet, and social interaction serve as key pillars in maintaining brain health. At the same time, therapies target key pathological mechanisms of AD, such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau abnormalities, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and synaptic loss, offering potential breakthroughs in treatment. Moreover, cutting-edge innovations such as gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, and novel drug delivery systems are emerging as potential game-changers in the fight against AD. This review critically evaluates the latest research on anti-aging interventions and their potential in preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by exploring the connections between aging mechanisms and AD pathogenesis. It provides a comprehensive analysis of both well-established and emerging strategies, while also identifying key gaps in current knowledge to guide future research efforts.
Development of analytical method for zirconium determination in U–Pu–Zr alloy samples
Authors: Mishra Vivekchandra Guruprasad , Rawat Neetika , Thakur Uday Kumar , Kumar Ashwani , Santu Kaity
Published: November 2024

The study focuses on developing a robust method for determining zirconium in U–Pu–Zr alloy samples, crucial for assessing fuel composition and ensuring uniformity. Using mandelic acid precipitation and spectrophotometric quantification with Arsenazo-III, the method achieves high sensitivity and reproducibility, crucial for handling microgram-levels of Pu. By optimizing conditions to maintain Pu in its + 3 oxidation state, interference during Zr precipitation is minimized. Comparative analyses with ICP-AES validate the accuracy and reliability of the results. This approach not only enhances analytical precision but also reduces radioactive waste, making it suitable for nuclear fuel characterization.
A systematic review of stereotactic radiosurgery for metastatic spinal sarcomas
Authors: Kite Trent , Jaffe Stephen , Yadlapalli Vineetha , Verma Rhea , Li Jenna , Karlovits Stephen , Wegner Rodney E. , Shepard Matthew J.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Sarcomas metastasizing to the spine are a rare entity. Ideally an En-bloc resection is necessary to achieve durable local control (LC) rates. However, anatomical constraints often limit the degree of tumor resection. Because of this, other therapeutic modalities either replacing or as an adjuvant to resection are necessary. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a reasonable candidate therapy.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the literature using the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane library. We used a combination of the following terms connected by boolean operators: “Metastatic Sarcoma, Sarcoma of the Spine, Spine Sarcoma, Metastasis, stereotactic radiosurgery, SRS.” All retrospective and prospective cohorts, as well as randomized control trials reporting on patients with histopathologically confirmed metastatic sarcomas of the bony elements of the vertebrae, thecal sac, cord, or associated soft tissues of the spine were included. We excluded animal studies, case reports, case series, patients < 18 (pediatric cohorts), review articles and meta-analyses. No date filters were applied to our search.

Results

Our final analysis included 5 studies ranging from 2009 to 2024 reporting on 260 patients and 371 associated lesions. Leiomyosarcoma was the most frequently reported histologic subtype (60%). Most lesions were localized to the thoracic spine (48.6%). 75% of studies reported a median dose < 30 Gy, and achieved biologically equivalent doses (BEDs) ranging from < 50–100. Pooled 1-year median survival was 64.5% (IQR: 61.8–75.10). Pooled 1-year median LC was 86% (IQR: 79.4–88.5). Three of five studies (60%) for OS and 4/5 (80%) for LC had data availability suitable for meta-analysis. The 1-year OS and LC rates proportions across these studies were 67% (proportion = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57–0.75, p = 0.07, I2 = 63%), and 84% (proportion = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78–0.89, p = 0.10, I2 = 52%) respectively. Median follow up across all studies was 18 months (IQR:12.7–31.3).

Conclusions

SRS is a reasonable alternative therapy in either the up front, salvage or adjuvant setting which can facilitate durable LC.
Sustainable water resources allocation for wetlands based on triple bottom line analytical hierarchy collaborative elicitation
Authors: Curiel-Esparza Jorge , Benitez-Navio Alberto , Martin-Utrillas Manuel , Martinez-Leon Jesus , Canto-Perello Julian
Published: November 2024

Hydrological restoration of wetlands has become a critical pressing issue in environmental preservation due to climate change. This study seeks to develop a novel methodology to identify which type of water resources available are the most appropriate for restoring a particular wetland, considering a holistic perspective based on the triple bottom line (TBL) assessment, which is a logical framework for identifying and integrating social, environmental, and economic factors into decision-making processes. The elicitation was addressed through a comprehensive holistic index using analytic hierarchy process for ranking TBL dimensions and drivers. This new hybrid technique was applied for elaborating sustainable rules of water allocation to restore the wetlands of the Tablas de Daimiel National Park, located in central Spain. The environmental dimension was analyzed using six drivers: the synergistic use of infrastructures, the water resources location, the wastewater reuse, the energy consumption, the landscape degradation, and the impact on water resources. The social dimension was evaluated measuring three drivers: community acceptance, political acceptance, and market acceptance. And finally, the economic dimension was assessed through the expropriation of land costs, the infrastructure costs, the maintenance costs, and opportunity costs associated. These drivers guarantee traceability and transparency in the elicitation process, becoming a novel allocation framework to support policy makers in wetland conservation. Applying the proposed methodology, Tagus-Segura interbasin water transfer is the best ranked option (83.13%), closely followed by pumping well areas (79.12 and 78.24%) and wastewater recycling plants (74.34 and 68.26%). The unique holistic index proposed is a transparent and traceable decision support tool to address water allocation in wetland restoration.
Zweierlei Wiederaneignung der postsozialistischen Stadt. Kommunale Selbstverwaltung und Privatisierung in Polen in den 1990er-Jahren
Authors: Peters Florian
Published: November 2024

Dieser Aufsatz analysiert das funktionale Ineinandergreifen von kommunaler Selbstverwaltung und Privatisierung in der postsozialistischen Transformation polnischer Städte nach 1989. Damit lenkt er das Augenmerk auf den Prozess der Kommunalisierung der Verfügung über bisheriges Staatseigentum, der die historisch beispiellose Expansion des Privateigentums nach der Implosion des Staatssozialismus begleitete. Um die historischen Voraussetzungen für das Aufkommen der Frage „Wem gehört die Stadt?“ darzulegen, arbeitet der Aufsatz zunächst den Aufstieg von Selbstverwaltung (polnisch: samorząd) und Eigentum zu Leitbegriffen der postsozialistischen Transformation heraus. In einem zweiten Schritt beleuchtet er die grundlegenden Debatten um die Neukonstituierung kommunalen Eigentums im Zuge der polnischen Kommunalreform vom Frühjahr 1990, um schließlich exemplarisch zentrale eigentumspolitische Herausforderungen und Handlungsfelder polnischer Kommunen in den frühen 1990er-Jahren zu diskutieren. Auf diese Weise werden Privatisierung und Kommunalisierung als miteinander verflochtene, aber durchaus spannungsreiche Dimensionen der Wiederaneignung lokaler Lebenswelten durch die postsozialistischen Stadtgesellschaften kenntlich gemacht. Diese waren aufs Engste mit Ansprüchen auf individuelle und kollektive Wiederaneignung von Handlungsmacht verknüpft. Mit seinem Fokus auf die turbulente Anfangsphase der postsozialistischen Transformation der urbanen Eigentumsordnungen zielt der Aufsatz darauf ab, zu einem differenzierten Verständnis der vielfältigen Funktionen verschiedener Eigentumsformen und ihrer sozialen Einbettung beizutragen. Er begreift die postsozialistische Stadt somit als Labor, in dem sich sowohl die tragenden Bauelemente als auch die potenziellen Bruchlinien der liberal-kapitalistischen Eigentumsordnung sichtbar machen lassen.
Schizophrenia Biomarkers: Blood Transcriptome Suggests Two Molecular Subtypes
Authors: Dor Herut , Hertzberg Libi
Published: November 2024

Schizophrenia is a chronic illness that imposes a significant burden on patients, their families, and the health care system. While it has a substantial genetic component, its heterogeneous nature—both genetic and clinical—limits the ability to identify causal genes and mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the blood transcriptomes of 398 samples (212 patients with schizophrenia and 186 controls) obtained from five public datasets. We demonstrated this heterogeneity by clustering patients with schizophrenia into two molecular subtypes using an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm. We found that the genes most influential in clustering were enriched in pathways related to the ribosome and ubiquitin-proteasomes system, which are known to be associated with schizophrenia. Based on the expression levels of these genes, we developed a logistic regression model capable of predicting schizophrenia samples in unrelated datasets with a positive predictive value of 64% (p value = 0.039). In the future, integrating blood transcriptomics with clinical characteristics may enable the definition of distinct molecular subtypes, leading to a better understanding of schizophrenia pathophysiology and aiding in the development of personalized drugs and treatment options.
Central Capabilities to Well-Being in the Context of Forced Migration: A Scoping Review of Capability Approach-Based Literature
Authors: Nassar Areen
Published: November 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Capability Approach-based literature relevant to forced migrants’ valued capabilities to well-being. Its primary aim is to identify the capabilities that are of centrality to well-being within the context of forced migration. This research applies Naz’s (2020) methodological argument, identifying the elements of the ideal list of capabilities to well-being by reviewing literature, in the context of forced migration. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework for scoping studies, seven electronic databases were searched, resulting in the inclusion of ten peer-reviewed journal articles in this research. Using descriptive and thematic data analysis methods, this study reveals that forced migrants value three key capabilities: the Capability to Legality, which involves being able to be legally recognised and secure; the Capability to Education, which emphasises being able to be educated at various levels of learning; and the Capability to Sociality, which encompasses being able to be socially connected. While broader scoping reviews and further empirical studies are still highly recommended, the capabilities identified in this review have the potential to inform policies and services relevant to the context of forced migration, ultimately improving the overall well-being of forced migrants in host societies.
Functional model for generalised resolvents and its application to time-dispersive media
Authors: Cherednichenko Kirill D. , Ershova Yulia Yu. , Naboko Sergey N.
Published: November 2024

Motivated by recent results concerning the asymptotic behaviour of differential operators with highly contrasting coefficients, whose effective descriptions have involved generalised resolvents, we construct the functional model for a typical example of the latter. This provides a spectral representation for the generalised resolvent, which can be utilised for further analysis, in particular the construction of the scattering operator in related wave propagation setups.
Adsorption of amoxicillin onto breadfruit seed hull biochar modified using ZnONPs: disinfection and decontamination
Authors: Amaku James Friday , Mtunzi Fanyana M.
Published: November 2024

Biochar (BHC) and biochar-supported nanocomposite (BZNC) were employed for the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) from simulated and real wastewater. The biochar and nanocomposite were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopic techniques. Agitation speed of 120 rpm, solution pH 7, 50 mg dosage, and 120-min agitation time were employed for the optimization of the adsorption capacity of BZNC and BHC. Increases in sorbent dosage, contact time, and initial AMX concentration improved BZNC and BHC’s capacity to sequester AMX. The kinetic best description of the absorption of AMX onto BHC and BZNC was provided by the pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order models, respectively. Furthermore, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were observed to best describe the equilibrium data obtained for the uptake of AMX onto BZNC and BHC, respectively. At 318 K, the optimal adsorption capacities of BZNC and BHC were found to be 61.02 mg g−1 and 49.82 mg g−1, respectively. The entropy-driven adsorption of AMX onto the BZNC and BHC was thermodynamically possible. It was observed that BZNC exhibited better antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Hence, this study shows that BZNC has the ability to efficiently disinfect and cleanse industrial wastewater that contains AMX.
Effects of local gas shielding on induction brazing of stainless steel: an experimental approach
Authors: Weis S. , Grunert R. , Fedorov V. , Brumm S. , Uhlig T.
Published: November 2024

Ni-based brazing fillers are primarily utilized in vacuum furnaces or continuous furnaces. However, the application of such furnace techniques imposes technical and economic limitations on the size of brazeable components. Induction brazing offers an alternative to overcome these limitations, enabling the brazing of large components by means of localized heating and gas shielding. This study aims to improve the understanding of process control and required gas quality for effective brazing by conducting experiments on tube-to-tube joints using Ni-based brazing alloys. To determine their impact on brazing outcomes, process gases with varying oxygen contents were systematically tested. The microstructure of the brazed joints was analyzed by light microscopy. The influence of process gas quality on corrosion behavior was examined using a capillary microcell. High residual oxygen contents in the process gas led to a shift in the corrosion potentials. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the joints are affected. Therefore, the monotonic mechanical properties were investigated at ambient temperature. The findings of this research offer practical recommendations and present a newly developed shielding gas nozzle for industrial applications. These insights support the optimization of induction brazing processes and highlight the potential for increasing the quality and efficiency of brazing large components.
Advancements and Limitations: A Systematic Review of Remote-Based Deep Learning Predictive Algorithms for Depression
Authors: Haley Fintan , Andrews Jacob , Moghaddam Nima
Published: November 2024

This systematic literature review explores the emerging field of remote-based deep learning predictive algorithms for depression, focusing on addressing the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and examining the current state of research in this novel area. A systematic search was conducted in Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, and PsycINFO in June 2023. To capture relevant studies, titles and abstracts of the papers were reviewed against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria using four groups of keywords addressing prediction, depression, validity, and deep learning. Eligible studies were systematically reviewed based on the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist. The risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment (PROBAST) Tool for methodological quality. The synthesis of data was conducted using the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) framework. From 286 studies initially identified, 6 studies met all inclusion criteria, published between 2020 and 2023. Performance metrics revealed the potential of deep learning models, with accuracy rates reaching as high as 98.23%. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) emerged as the predominant model, with applicability across diverse data sources such as speech recordings, body motion data, and facial images. However, issues related to risk of bias were prevalent, with most studies lacking essential reporting details and employing relatively small sample sizes. The review identified limitations in the practical application of these models, including limited demographic representation, absence of external validation, and a notable absence of models capable of anticipating the onset of depression. While the current models focus primarily on identifying existing depression of any duration, there is a need for advancements that enable the anticipation of future depressive episodes. To advance this field, we recommend standardized reporting practices, larger and more diverse datasets, external validation, and the development of predictive models that anticipate depression occurrences in advance. These enhancements will contribute to the credibility and real-world relevance of these models. While remote-based deep learning predictive algorithms hold promise in revolutionizing depression prediction, they require refinement and validation to fulfil their potential in clinical practice. This review underscores the need for further research and development in this area to address the identified limitations and contribute to improved mental health assessment and intervention.
Generalized Poincaré-Dulac Singularities of Holomorphic Foliations
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez Percy , Mozo-Fernández Jorge
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study the analytic classification of a class of nilpotent singularities of holomorphic foliations in $$({\mathbb {C}}^2,0)$$

(

C

2

,
0
)

, those exhibiting a Poincaré-Dulac type singularity in their reduction process. This analytic classification is based in the holonomy of a certain component of the exceptional divisor. Finally, as a consequence, we show that these singularities exhibit a formal analytic rigidity.
Recent advances and future perspectives in electrochemical sensing of biomarkers by using MOF- based electrode materials
Authors: Arivazhagan Mani , Prabu Samikannu , Elancheziyan Mari , Jakmunee Jaroon
Published: November 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are an extraordinarily versatile class of porous nanostructured materials that have gained popularity in several scientific fields. Organic ligands are coupled to the inorganic metal centers or clusters to produce MOFs. This frontier review paper critically summarizes the most recent developments in MOF-based materials for electrochemical (EC) detection of key biomarkers, including glucose, dopamine, lactic acid, L-tryptophan, uric and ascorbic acids, H2O2, and nicotine. Various electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) have been employed to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity. MOF-based EC sensing systems hold promise in medical diagnostics, particularly for diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. These sensors offer distinctive features like an extensive specific surface area, tunable pore sizes, exceptional catalytic performance, and abundant active sites, enabling sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective biomarker detection. The construction of different nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, and three-dimensional networks, has further improved the electro-catalytic efficiency of MOF-based materials. We also critically assess the performance of advanced MOF-derived nanostructured EC sensor platforms, and discuss future challenges and potential improvements, particularly for enzyme-free EC sensors in clinical diagnostics. This work underscores the potential of MOF-based EC sensors as versatile and effective tools for detecting a wide range of compounds and biomolecules relevant to human health.

Graphical abstract
Laser powder bed fusion of porous 304SS samples for use in developing oil impregnated ball bearings
Authors: Mashayamombe Tafadzwa , Matope Stephen
Published: November 2024

The ball bearing market is mature where there is a massive range of products available with new ones being developed all the time due to technological advancements. Additive Manufacturing (AM) provides a promising approach for developing oil-impregnated ball bearings. Oil impregnated bearings are critical for applications requiring smooth and low-friction motion. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology to fabricate 304 stainless steel (304SS) samples with open pores, which can then be impregnated with a lubricant. To achieve this, 304SS powder was used, and optimum selective laser melting (SLM) printing parameters were altered to induce intentional pores. Initial screening of samples involved Archimedes density measurements and computed tomography (CT) scanning was conducted on a selected samples to assess their porosity levels. CT scan foam analysis results indicated a correlation between hatch spacing and porosity. Results revealed trends in cell volume and solidified scanning tracks thickness, indicating greater connectedness with larger pores. Synthesis of these findings could help in the development of efficient and reliable open pores that may find use in oil-impregnated self-lubricating ball bearings.
Stable plastid transformation in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Wu Yuyong , Wang Yanchang , Zhang Jiang , Li Shengchun
Published: November 2024

Plastid transformation offers valuable benefits in plant biotechnology, such as high-level transgene expression and the absence of gene silencing. Here we describe the first protocol of a plastid transformation system for a woody vine (liana) kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). The transgenic DNA carries a spectinomycin-resistance gene (aadA) cassette and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene cassette, flanked by two adjacent kiwifruit plastid genome sequences, thereby allowing targeted insertion between the trnfM and trnG genes. Six spectinomycin-resistant shoots were obtained out of 12 plates subjected to bombardment, and two were positive events, confirmed through PCR and Southern blot analyses. The GFP was localized to plastids as monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and reached 2.5% of leaf total soluble protein. Success in kiwifruit extends transplastomic technology of woody species beyond poplar, and will provide an attractive biosynthetic chassis for molecular farming.
Predicting neonatal mortality in preterm neonates 32 weeks of gestation or less by using the modified NEOMOD score
Authors: Lawtrakulngam Nathakorn , Pomrop Mallika , Manopunya Satit , Kosarat Shanika , Khuwuthyakorn Varangthip
Published: November 2024

Background

Preterm neonates have a significantly higher mortality rate compared to full-term neonates. The Modified NEOMOD Score (mNEOMOD) predicts neonatal mortality in preterm neonates with high sensitivity and specificity.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the mNEOMOD in predicting neonatal mortality among preterm neonates and identify associated variables associated with increased neonatal mortality.

Methods

This diagnostic test study included neonates with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks admitted to the NICU from 2018 to 2022 at Chiang Mai University Hospital. The mNEOMOD assessed dysfunction across eight organ systems based on the worst cumulative score during the first seven days of life. Predictive accuracy was determined using the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC). Clinical and demographic variables were compared between survival and death groups.

Results

Among 280 neonates, 277 (98.9%) had multi-organ dysfunction (MOD), with a mortality rate of 10.7%. The mNEOMOD showed higher scores in the mortality group compared to the survival group (median score: 13 vs. 5). The predictive accuracy was highest at a cutoff value of 9, with 100% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity. Significant variables for increased mortality included severe intraventricular hemorrhage (aOR 8.76, p < 0.001) and APGAR score < 7 at 5 min (aOR 3.46, p 0.010).

Conclusion

The mNEOMOD is reliable tool for predicting neonatal mortality in preterm neonates ≤ 32 weeks gestation.
Effort versus accuracy: How well do we understand why others perceive threats?
Authors: Landau-Wells Marika
Published: November 2024

Threat perception provokes a range of behaviour, from cooperation to conflict. Correctly interpreting others’ behaviour, and responding optimally, is thought to be aided by ‘stepping into their shoes’ (i.e. mentalising) to understand the threats they have perceived. But IR scholarship on the effects of attempting this exercise has yielded mixed findings. One missing component in this research is a clear understanding of the link between effort and accuracy. I use a US-based survey experiment (study N = 839; pilot N = 297) and a novel analytic approach to study mentalising accuracy in the domain of threat perception. I find that accurately estimating why someone feels threatened by either climate change or illegal immigration is conditional on sharing a belief in the issue’s overall dangerousness. Similar beliefs about dangerousness are not proxies for shared political identities, and accuracy for those with dissimilar beliefs does not exceed chance. Focusing first on the emotional states of those who felt threatened did not significantly improve accuracy. These findings suggest that: (1) effort does not guarantee accuracy in estimating the threats others see; (2) emotion understanding may not be a solution to threat mis-estimation; and (3) misperception can arise from basic task difficulty, even without information constraints or deception.
Nonlinear electrophoresis of a highly charged particle by incorporating electrostatic correlations and ion steric interactions for a finite Debye length
Authors: Paik Shakyajit , Bhattacharyya Somnath , Majhi Subrata
Published: November 2024

Most of the existing theories on electrophoresis are based on the consideration of a weak applied electric field and ions as point charges, which create a mean electric potential and neglect ion–solvent interactions. These theories cannot demonstrate the dependence of electrophoretic mobility on the applied electric field (nonlinear electrophoresis), reversal in mobility with increasing ion concentration and/or surface charge density or counterion saturation in the electric double layer. In this study we consider a modified electrokinetic model to analyse nonlinear electrophoresis by taking into account the finite ion size effects and ion–ion electrostatic correlations. In this approach, the mean-field-based model is extended to capture the many-body phenomena by considering the non-local electrostatic contribution in the ion free energy functional and the ion–ion hydrodynamic steric interactions are incorporated through the volume exclusion effect in the electrochemical potential. The viscosity of the medium is considered to vary with the local ionic volume fraction. Stronger correlations for multivalent counterions create ion layering, charge density oscillation and mobility reversal. Such phenomena are captured by the present continuum model. The ion crowding attenuates the growth of the electrophoretic mobility with the electric field. At a higher range of the imposed electric field, the ion concentration in the electric double layer enhances, which modifies both the overscreening and ion crowding processes.
Canning cannabis: Consumer preferences for CBD- and THC-infused beverages
Authors: Staples Aaron J.
Published: November 2024

Cannabis regulatory reform has opened areas for product innovation and entrepreneurship. One dimension that has so far been understudied is the potential for cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) beverages. This study uses double-bounded contingent valuation techniques and parametric and nonparametric estimation procedures to assess consumer demand and willingness to pay (WTP) for various cannabis-infused beverages. By targeting a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, the study finds that roughly half of consumers are willing to try cannabis-infused beverages. Among these respondents, cannabis-infused juices and sweetened iced tea elicit the highest mean WTP, though the WTP for other beverage options varies across demographics and consumer preferences. On average, the mean WTP for THC-infused beverages is 12.5% higher per 12 oz can than its CBD-infused counterpart, and younger consumers are willing to pay more for each of these products. These results have important implications for entrepreneurial decision-making, product development, and marketing strategies.
Unraveling the economic impact of wine counterfeiting: An analysis of the Sassicaia 2015 scandal and its consequences
Authors: Kuang Yuyan , Tolhurst Tor N. , Alston Julian M.
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the economic impact of wine counterfeiting, with a focus on the Sassicaia scandal, publicized in 2020, regarding counterfeit 2015 vintage bottles of the iconic Super Tuscan wine. Wine fraud, documented since ancient Rome, has evolved alongside the industry, with key developments such as the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée system aiming to curb it. The paper briefly reviews three other significant modern cases of wine counterfeiting: the Hardy Rodenstock “Jefferson bottles” affair, the Brunello di Montalcino scandal, and Rudy Kurniawan’s counterfeit operation. It then shifts to a detailed analysis of the case of Sassicaia. We combine informal analysis using data plots and a formal difference-in-differences analysis to assess the market impact of the 2015 Sassicaia scandal. We find that, surprisingly, the scandal led to an increase in the price of authentic 2015 Sassicaia, perhaps driven by perceived rarity and media attention.
How Ideas and Strategic Learning Fostered the 2022 Agreement Between the Liberal Party of Canada and the New Democratic Party
Authors: Massé Louis , Béland Daniel
Published: November 2024

Why did the Liberal Party of Canada (LPC) and the New Democratic Party (NDP) enter into a supply-and-confidence agreement in March 2022? Interparty cooperation among federal parties is rare during minority governments, and yet the agreement created a formal alliance in the House of Commons. In this article, we argue that ideational factors led to the 2022 agreement. We examine the role of programmatic beliefs and strategic learning during the COVID-19 crisis and the 2019-2021 election sequence to shed light on changes in federal parliamentary strategies in Canada. From ad-hoc voting coalitions to extended cooperation on social policymaking, the LPC and the NDP learned how to work together in the House of Commons while using the agreement as a tool to compete with each other in anticipation of the next federal election.
A refined robotic grasp detection network based on coarse-to-fine feature and residual attention
Authors: Zhu Zhenwei , Huang Saike , Xie Jialong , Meng Yue , Wang Chaoqun , Zhou Fengyu
Published: November 2024

Precise and efficient grasping detection is vital for robotic arms to execute stable grasping tasks in industrial and household applications. However, existing methods fail to consider refining different scale features and detecting critical regions, resulting in coarse grasping rectangles. To address these issues, we propose a real-time coarse and fine granularity residual attention (CFRA) grasping detection network. First, to enable the network to detect different sizes of objects, we extract and fuse the coarse and fine granularity features. Then, we refine these fused features by introducing a feature refinement module, which enables the network to distinguish between object and background features effectively. Finally, we introduce a residual attention module that handles different shapes of objects adaptively, achieving refined grasping detection. We complete training and testing on both Cornell and Jacquard datasets, achieving detection accuracy of 98.7% and 94.2%, respectively. Moreover, the grasping success rate on the real-world UR3e robot achieves 98%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of CFRA.
Imagery-based cognitive therapy to reduce emotional dysregulation and mood instability in bipolar disorder: a case-series study
Authors: Paulet Thomas , Weiner Luisa
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Bipolar disorder (BD) has a significant impact on functioning in the absence of acute mood episodes. This has been associated with subsyndromal symptoms, co-morbidities, and emotional dysregulation. The present study aims to evaluate the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of imagery-based cognitive therapy (ImCT) in a French community setting. We were particularly interested in the link between mental imagery and emotional dysregulation as this may clarify the mechanisms involved in the potential efficacy of the therapy and ultimately improve its relevance.

Method:

Ten participants underwent ImCT, with weekly assessments of mood fluctuations, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation conducted over 1 month (i.e. pre-therapy, post-therapy and 1-month follow-up). Recovery, post-traumatic stress symptoms and self-compassion were measured at baseline and post-therapy. Attrition rates and satisfaction were measured.

Results:

All participants who completed therapy (n=8) reported high levels of satisfaction. Five of them showed reliable individual improvement on emotion dysregulation scores. At the group level, a significant decrease in mood fluctuation with a large effect size was found post-therapy.

Conclusion:

ImCT showed good acceptability among participants who completed the study. Importantly, our study is the first to provide an indication that ImCT may alleviate subsyndromal mood symptoms but also emotional dysregulation in individuals with BD. This latter finding is particularly relevant given the scarcity of validated psychosocial interventions targeting emotional dysregulation in BD.
Taxation and Social Need: Lessons from the Short-Lived UK Health and Social Care Levy
Authors: Ruane Sally
Published: November 2024

Meeting social need is usually associated in social policy with the provision of benefits and public services, and the role of taxation often confined to an acknowledgement of its revenue-raising function for the purpose of funding them. Against a backdrop of multiple concurrent challenges shared by many high-income societies, including inadequate social care for an ageing population and unprecedented waiting lists for health care, the UK’s experience of the short-lived Health and Social Care Levy is used as a case study to reveal how the relationship between taxation and social need is complex, mediated by a range of factors, and how these contributed to its abolition. The article proposes five different relationships between taxation and social need evident in the story of the rise and fall of the Levy.
Supplementation of diet with Astaxanthin and DHA prevents gestational and lactational undernourishment-induced metabolic derangements in dams: a metabolomic approach
Authors: Hegde Pramukh Subrahmanya , Agni Megha Bhat , Rai Praveen , Upadhyay Shubham Sukerndeo , Aravind Anjana , Keshava Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya , Gowda K.M. Damodara
Published: November 2024

Nutrition is the critical nongenetic factor that has a major influence on the health status of an organism. The nutritional status of the mother during gestation and lactation plays a vital role in defining the offspring’s health. Undernutrition during these critical periods may induce chronic metabolic disorders like obesity and cardiovascular diseases in mothers as well as in offspring. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of undernutrition during gestational and lactational periods on the plasma metabolic profile of dams. Additionally, we investigated the potential synergistic mitigating effects of astaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on dysregulated plasma metabolic profiles. Evaluation of plasma lipid profile revealed that undernourishment resulted in elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density and very low-density lipoproteins in dams. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) based untargeted metabolomics illustrated that pathways related to lipid metabolism, such as cholesterol metabolism, steroid biosynthesis and metabolism of amine-derived hormones, were dysregulated by undernourishment. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis predicted that there is a high incidence of development of desmosterolosis, hypercholesterolaemia, lysosomal acid lipase deficiency and Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome in the offspring, reflecting predisposition in mothers. However, synergistic supplementation of astaxanthin and DHA ameliorated these adverse effects by regulating a separate set of metabolic pathways associated with lipid metabolism. They included branched chain amino acid degradation such as valine, leucine and isoleucine, metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid, lipoic acid, lysine degradation, biosynthesis, elongation and degradation of fatty acids.
Emotion work, national identity, and Erdoğanism among Turkish immigrants in Germany
Authors: Tokdoğan Nagehan
Published: November 2024

Amidst the post-war “economic miracle” (Wirtschaftswunder) in Germany, the government tapped into foreign labor resources, including Turkish “guest workers.” Over the years, Turkish immigrants and their descendants have remained central to societal discussions, particularly since Recep Tayyip Erdoğan rose to leadership in Turkey, garnering a devoted voter base among this demographic. Drawing on the concepts of emotional community, feeling rules, and emotion work, I trace how the affinity towards Erdoğan is, in part, fueled by conflicts arising from broader tensions between the German majority and the Turkish-origin community. For many, the allure of “Erdoğanism” lies in its provision of ethno-nationalist solidarity, offering a coping mechanism for enduring societal challenges, even after decades in Germany. Employing narrative analysis, this article delves into how the embrace of “Erdoğanism” appears to serve as a means to suppress feelings of national humiliation and evoke a hubristic sense of national pride.
The Petrology and Geochemistry of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption, Iceland: An Eruption Sourced From Multiple, Compositionally Diverse, Near‐Moho Sills
Authors: Marshall E. W. , Caracciolo A. , Bali E. , Halldórsson S. A. , Matthews S. , Ranta E. , Rasmussen M. B. , Robin J. G. , Guðfinnson G. H. , Maclennan J. , Bosq C. , Auclair D. , Sigmarsson O. , Merrill H. , Gísladóttir B. , Johnson S. , Löw N. , Stracke A. , Genske F.
Published: November 2024

Magmatic processes at the crust‐mantle boundary (i.e., Moho) are commonly studied post facto at fossil ophiolites, oceanic core complexes, or inferred from the compositions of crystals or melt inclusions. The 2021 eruption at Fagradalsfjall on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, was supplied from magma bodies near the Moho and offers a unique opportunity to study the timescales, structure, and syn‐eruptive processes of near‐Moho magmatic systems at ∼15 km depth. Here, we present a comprehensive petrological and geochemical investigation of the full 183 day eruption that is based on frequent sampling of the eruption. Lavas erupted in the first 45 days displayed significant and sudden changes in geochemistry, followed by lower amplitude fluctuations until the end of the eruption. This variability can be explained by contribution from multiple magma bodies, as best distinguished using Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotope systematics. The lavas display unusual trace element and radiogenic isotope compositions compared to other Icelandic basalts, but are similar to other rare, highly incompatible element enriched lavas on the Reykjanes Peninsula, and thus these lavas may represent a distinct suite of Reykjanes Peninsula basalts. Our geochemical and petrological observations show that numerous, compositionally variable bodies of magma must exist in the lowermost crust or at the crust‐mantle boundary. These near‐Moho magma bodies transfer magma between one another on timescales as short as days‐to‐months, but partially crystallize over longer time periods, and periodically inject into the overlying crust.
On the Temporal Decay of Tropical Cyclones Over the Ocean
Authors: Li Min , Toumi Ralf
Published: November 2024

It is important to understand how tropical cyclones (TCs) decay over the ocean as this is a critical pre‐landfall stage. A modified exponential decay model ( model) with two parameters and is proposed. The scale parameter defines the decay scale, while the shape parameter determines whether the decay rate decelerates or accelerates over time. Global fittings indicate that around 40% of TCs exhibit decelerating decay , while the majority (about 60%) show accelerating decay . Correlation analysis reveals a strong negative correlation between the scale parameter and the initial Coriolis parameter and a positive correlation between the shape parameter and the meridional component of the initial translation velocity . The model provides a comprehensive understanding of how TCs decay with time and how environmental conditions affect the decay scale and evolution.
Seismoelectric Imaging of Aquifer Interface: Theoretical Investigation and Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Liu Jiaoyang , Gao Yongxin , Wang Jun , Zhu Tieyuan , Ding Pinbo , Zhou Guanqun , Li Shuaijia
Published: November 2024

The seismoelectric (SE) wave at the vadose zone‐aquifer interface, which results from the electrokinetic effect, is a valuable tool for groundwater exploration. We propose a method for imaging aquifer interfaces using SE waves. The common‐receiver SE gather, generated by multiple sources, is analogous to the exploding‐reflector seismic gather, forming the theoretical foundation of this method. To test this method, two 2D aquifer models are designed to simulate the synthetic common‐receiver SE gather, followed by the application of exploding‐reflector migration. The result shows that the aquifer interface is well imaged by the SE waves. Additionally, laboratory experiments successfully recovering the interfaces of the rocks confirm the validity of the SE imaging method, suggesting its feasible use in real groundwater exploration in the future.