bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Differentiation and Integration
Authors: Obradovic Dragan , Narayan Mishra Lakshmi , Narayan Mishra Vishnu
Published: January 2021

There are several reasons why numerical differentiation and integration are used. The function that integrates f (x) can be known only in certain places, which is done by taking a sample. Some supercomputers and other computer applications sometimes need numerical integration for this very reason. The formula for the function to be integrated may be known, but it may be difficult or impossible to find the antiderivation that is an elementary function. One example is the function f (x) = exp (−x2), an antiderivation that cannot be written in elementary form. It is possible to find antiderivation symbolically, but it is much easier to find a numerical approximation than to calculate antiderivation (anti-derivative). This can be used if antiderivation is given as an unlimited array of products, or if the budget would require special features that are not available to computers.
Changes In Sub Optimal Soil Nutrient Status By Adding Liquid Organic Fertilizer From Tofu Wastewater And Lemongrass
Authors: Mutmainah Siti
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the nutrient levels of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) Wastewater and Lemongrass Wastewater and soil nutrient status sub-optimal land after incubation for 21 days. Sub-optimal land is land that naturally has low productivity, therefore it is necessary to add nutrients in both organic and inorganic fertilizers to change nutrient status in the soil. Organic fertilizer in liquid form is one type of fertilizer that can facilitate the absorption of nutrients. Tofu wastewater has an unpleasant odor, one of the efforts that will be made to reduce the odor is by adding fragrant lemongrass in making liquid organic fertilizer. Based on the results of the study note that the total macro nutrient levels (N + P2O5 + K2O) Liquid Organic Fertilizer Wastewater and Lemongrass Wastewater is 0.17% with a degree of acidity 4.39. Suboptimal soil nutrient status after incubation for 21 days with different concentration treatments namely 10%, 30% and 50% addition of Liquid Organic Fertilizer tofu waste water and lemongrass experience changes in potassium nutrient status at concentrations of 0%, 10 %, 30% and 50%, while the phosphorus changes at concentrations of 30% and 50%, but not nitrogen.
Virus Persistence Of Mosaic Causes In Chili Seed At Different Temperatures
Authors: Sopialena
Published: January 2021

The study entitled Persistence of the virus that causes mosaic disease in chili seeds originating from the production of chili plants that are attacked by a virus that is treated by soaking at some temperature aims to see the persistence or presence of the virus that causes the mosaic. The persistence of the virus is done by observing the chilli seedlings that are 8 weeks after planting. The research was carried out at the Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda.

The study was conducted using the observation method that is directly observing the treatment carried out. This study used 5 treatments and each of 4 replications, consisting of: C1 = treatment of warm water with a temperature of 40 ° C for 10 minutes, C2 = treatment of warm water with a temperature of 45 ° C for 10 minutes, C3 = treatment of warm water with a temperature 50 ° C for 10 minutes, C4 = treatment of warm water with a temperature of 55 ° C for 10 minutes, Cs = treatment of warm water with a temperature of 60 ° C for 10 minutes.

The results showed that soaking warm water had an influence on the persistence of viruses carried in the seeds to the development of mosaic disease in chilies. Temperatures of 50 ° C and above have been able to prevent mosaics disease at chillie plant.
Effectiveness of Endophyte Fungi as a Controling of Blast Disease on Paddy (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Sopialena  , Devi Tantiani
Published: January 2021

The research was conducted to determine: endophyte fungi on paddy plant (Oryza sativa); the antagonistic percentageof endophyte fungi against to Pyricularia oryzae Cav.; and the antagonistic mechanisms between each endophyte fungi to Pyricularia oryzae Cav..The experiment was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty of Mulawarman University, and samples of infected plant was collected from Sungai Kapih village, Sambutan Sub-district of Samarinda City The experimental treatments was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of four treatments and each treatment was repeated ten times.The results showed that endophyte fungi isolated from the paddy plant (Oryza sativa) were Trichoderma sp., Rhizopus sp., Gliocladium sp., and Penicillium sp. The competition was proved as the antagonistic mechanism of Rhizopus sp. against, while antibiosis was proved as the antagonistic mechanism of Penicillium sp. against. Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. against were shown to have two antagonistic mecanism are competition and parasitsm. The capability of endophyte fungi as a biological agents to compete those P. Oryzae was express an antagonism capacity differences, the highest rate of inhibition was occurred on the P. oryzae vs Gliocladium sp.(78,96%).

Keywords :Pyricularia oryza Cav., Endophyte fungi, Antagonistic mechanim
Gentryfikacja Downtown Los Angeles – szansa na rewitalizację historycznego centrum miasta, a zagrożenie dla lokalnej społeczności
Authors: Machowska Monika
Published: January 2021

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie procesu gentryfikacji zachodzącego w Downtown Los Angeles. Centrum miasta stało się w ostatnich dwóch dekadach polem starcia interesów kilku grup społecznych oraz tematem ożywionej debaty publicznej. Najstarsze kwartały Los Angeles od początku zamieszkiwała wieloetniczna i wielokulturowa populacja, a na przełomie XIX i XX wieku w okolicach stacji kolejowej dołączyła do niej liczna grupa bezdomnych. Intensyfikacja działań prywatnych firm deweloperskich przy jednoczesnym braku konsekwentnego planowania ze strony administracji pogłębia już istniejące w aglomeracji deficyty dostępnych cenowo mieszkań dla najuboższych jej mieszkańców. Jak wskazują dane, azjatyckie dzielnice etniczne (Little Tokyo i Chinatown) skutecznie opierają się temu procesowi, który szczególnie destrukcyjny charakter przyjął w okolicach Skid Row oraz kwartałach zajmowanych przez Latino Angelenos i Afroamerykanów. Magistrat współpracuje z inwestorami głównie w obszarze inwestycji ratujących zabytkowe budynki historycznego centrum, na których renowację nie posiada funduszy. Wykazuje mniejsze zaangażowanie w kwestii zabezpieczenia warunków bytowych osób nisko sytuowanych w dzielnicach tanich hoteli i budynków pofabrycznych. W efekcie mamy do czynienia z odpływem pierwotnej populacji i zastępowaniem jej przez zamożnych inwestorów oraz najemców. Zostaje też utracony dotychczasowy charakter całych kwartałów. Artykuł ma charakter opisowy, opiera się na danych pochodzących ze źródeł stanowych i federacji, monografii i artykułów naukowych oraz artykułów lokalnej prasy.
Drzewa i lasy – alternatywne przyrody w polskich księgarniach (w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku)
Authors: Roszczynialska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Dendrografie to zapisy, których tematem lub wzorcem strukturalnym są drzewa i lasy. Autorka prezentuje szeroką panoramę alternatywnych ujęć tematu „drzewnego” w humanistycznej (rodzimej i tłumaczonej) literaturze przedmiotu w Polsce w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku. Zauważa w literaturze (artystycznej i naukowej) wzrost frekwencji tematyki drzewnej i leśnej, generowany konfliktem wokół Puszczy Białowieskiej, a także coraz bardziej dolegliwymi konsekwencjami katastrofy klimatycznej. Odnotowuje przekształcanie się ujęć dyskursywnych i symbolicznych, w których dominowało drzewo, w ujęcia zdesymbolizowane, materialne i afektywne, w których dominuje las jako organizm zbiorowy. Podobna przemiana dokonuje się w organicznym modelowaniu: następuje przejście od dendrogramu do mykogramu (grzybni) jako funkcjonalnego modelu zjawisk przyrodniczych, społecznych i kulturowych. Artykuł pełni także funkcję wstępu do tomu czasopisma i zapowiada tematykę pomieszczonych w nim artykułów.
Factors influencing the opening scheme deep horizons of quarries with the use of sloping underground transport development
Authors: Cherepanov V. A. , Glebov I. A.
Published: January 2021

The questions of improving the technology of completion of deposits are closely associated with an increase in the efficiency of technological processes and introduction of new methods and means of mechanization, optimization of process parameters to minimize the cost and increase the intensity of mining works in conditions of changing parameters of the working area depth of mining. For different conditions of completion of deposits by open-underground method, depending on the volume of traffic and parameters of quarries, it is proposed to use the appropriate underground transport workings. Optimization of the parameters of the sides of the quarry allows to increase the slope angle and increase the cost-effective depth of open-pit development. As one of the possible ways of refining deposits, the use of inclined underground transport workings is proposed by developing a quarry with a tunnel opening zone, or using underground mining operations, but without building capital vertical shafts. The article presents the factors that influence the opening scheme deep horizons of quarries with the use of sloping underground transport development with using articulated trucks and road trains. The factors are the basis for further search of rational parameters of openunderground technology of completion of instrument and sub-barrier reserves. To assess the depth of the transition to the opening scheme using the tunnel opening zone, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: mining, technical, and economic. The results of such calculations are given in the article. The application of the proposed technology will increase the completeness of field development due to the involvement in the development of instrument and sub-barrier reserves, which is an urgent task in connection with the upcoming achievement of the stage of completion of deposits at many mining enterprises, both in the near future and in the long term.
Sampling Of coarse products
Authors: Kozin V. Z. , Komlev A. S.
Published: January 2021

Processing plants are fed with ore with maximum size of 200-300 mm. Such ore is subjected to grab sampling which produces systemic error. Mechanical sampling has cumbersome equipment and is rarely introduced. The analysis and synthesis of mechanical sampling facilities allows an efficient approach to engineering and introduction of such equipment. The analysis is based on the calculation of random errors in sampling, preparation and examination of coarse samples. The calculations are performed in terms of copper and gold ore. The calculated relative errors of sampling, preparation and examination of samples show that sampling of copper and gold ores should be different. In terms of copper ore, it is important to increase the number of snap samples, while for gold ore, it is necessary to add the mass of the samples and add the gold sample preparation with concentration stages of coarse gold. In the article, five variants of coarse ore sampling are compared. The currently used variants of grab and mechanical sampling offer an acceptable result only with implementation of the proposed flowsheets. The look-ahead variants include disintegration of coarse particles and small mass sampling, or larger mass sampling directly on the conveyor. Both look-ahead variants need design studies and pilot testing. Examples of sampling circuit design are given, which offers an efficient tool for the analysis and synthesis of sampling circuits.
Study of geodynamic situation cut off parts of the plots using ergonometry with the open method of field development
Authors: Dalatkazin T. Sh. , Zuev P. I.
Published: January 2021

Modern methods for calculating the safety factor of the sides of the open pit do not take into account the parameters of the modern geodynamic activity of the instrument array. The article presents the results of the first stage of research on the unique capabilities of radonometry to solve this problem. The studies were carried out in the instrument areas of the Shubarkol coal deposit. Terrigenous-carbonate sediments represented by fine and coarse-grained sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, loamy rocks and coals take part in the geological structure of the deposit. The stress-strain state of the rock massif in the area of the Shubarkulsky coal deposit is very heterogeneous. The nature of the deformation processes of the sides of the section is constant and moderate. Here, a discrete distribution of deformation sections is characteristic. The article presents the methods of radonometric measurements, the processing of measurement results and the results of studies of the near-surface sections of a coal mine, aimed at developing a methodology for quantitatively taking into account the degree of modern geodynamic activity in the design of open pit sides. Based on the results of radonometry, the geodynamic activity indices identified in the study of the deformation zones of the instrumentation areas are determined. An algorithm for further studies of the problem of taking into account the degree of modern geodynamic activity in determining the safety margin of open pit sides is determined.The accumulation and generalization of empirical information about the deformation processes of open pits and the results of studies of the geodynamic situation of dash sites, determined using radonometry, will make it possible to modernize the methodology for calculating the margin of safety margin of the sides.
Hydrogeology of the Kizel coal basin (Western Urals, Russia) in post-mining stage: the main problems and ways of their solution
Authors: Ribnikov P. A. , Ribnikova L. S. , Maksimovich N. G. , Demenev A. D.
Published: January 2021

Coal mining in the Kizel coal basin was accompanied by intensive mine drainage, drainage of both coal strata and hydraulically associated rock aquifers, the formation of extensive depression craters in the areas of worked mines, the movement of large masses of rocks, the formation of sinkholes over the worked space. These processes have led to significant changes in the filtration characteristics of aquifers and groundwater supply conditions compared to natural conditions. After the dewatering was stopped, 19 outflows of acid mine waters were formed, which are a source of pollution of the hydrosphere. To select engineering measures aimed at improving the environmental situation, it was necessary to assess the balance components involved in the formation of these outflows. The necessary accuracy of the forecast in assessing the balance components of water involved in the formation of outflows both at the present time and in the implementation of engineering measures can be achieved by reproducing the methods of mathematical (geofiltration) modeling of the hydrodynamic history of mining. Groundwater in the Kizel coal basin is formed within several relatively isolated basins of underground catchments. To determine the external boundaries of the models, an approach based on the analysis of the geological, tectonic structure of the territory, filtration properties of rocks, taking into account the geomorphological position of the basin, was used to ensure the correct interface of the boundaries of local models. On the basis of the analysis of long-term data of regime observations at working out of coal mines, generalization of geological and hydrogeological information the substantiation of basic parameters of 8 geofiltration models is executed, external and internal boundary conditions are defined, stratification of each of models is carried out. The value of the infiltration feed for the territory under consideration was taken on the basis of estimates made in different years in the study of the natural regime of groundwater, in the operation of the mine drainage and the analysis of the outflow costs after flooding. The effectiveness of engineering measures was evaluated by analyzing the changes in the balance components of water involved in the formation of spills at the present time and in the implementation of measures, which were considered as plugging wells and mine shafts, the device of bridges in mine workings, injection of reagent into the underground space, removal of surface runoff, pumping groundwater upstream.
IMPACT OF EXOGENOUS SHOCKS ON CONSUMPTION APPROXIMATED BY RETAIL TRADE IN CROATIA
Authors: Karić Darko
Published: January 2021

This paper analysis the impact of two different types of exogenous shocks on the consumption, approximated by retail trade in Croatia. The aim of this paper is to show that the crisis caused by financial disturbances and the crisis caused by pandemic have different repercussions on movements of interest rates and further impact on consumption. Banks react differently in a crisis that has no cause in the financial sector compared to the crisis caused by disturbances in the financial and banking market as we had in 2008. Therefore, it will be proven that in crisis of 2020, which is more significant in strength than the crisis in 2009, Croatia has pursued a different economic policy, aimed to retaining jobs and maintaining the level of consumption from pre-recession periods. All mentioned emphasizes two facts: 1. The irrational behavior of the state in a crisis caused by disturbances in the financial and banking sector differs to the state reaction to the crisis caused by a pandemic, that has no financial cause; 2. Fear of negative psychological expectations and falling demand and personal consumption, are the most important components in the GDP structure
The Smart City Concept in the Experts’ and Residents’ Perception: Problems and Contradictions in the Concept Implementation
Authors: Pirotskaya Anastasiya V.
Published: January 2021

Smart city technologies are designed to make human life easier and more comfortable. However, in reality, there haven’t yet been developed unambiguous criteria for measuring the effectiveness of smart city initiatives. This means that the city residents’ needs fade into the background. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify the main problems and contradictions that impede the introduction and dissemination of smart city technologies in existing Russian cities. This article uses such techniques as expert interviews (with municipal representative, IT businessman, sociologist, economist and urban researcher) as well as semi-formalized interviews with residents of Novosibirsk. The study describes key measurements of the smart city effectiveness (Physical environment, Society, Government, Technology & Data) and examines in detail two of them: Society and Government. The research also indicates the main problems and obstacles to the effective implementation of the smart city program for each of these dimensions. The study has scientific importance, as it describes the contradictions between government and society when trying to introduce smart technologies. Also the results of the study may help IT companies to pay attention on people’s needs when developing and promoting smart applications and services.
State regulation of manufacturing and manufacturing markets
Authors: Bazhanov Viktor A.
Published: January 2021

The article gives a brief overview of key state legal, regulatory and forecast documents related to government regulation of production and the Russian manufacturing market developed and adopted in the second decade of this century. On the example of the implementation of government measures aimed at improving the structure of industrial production and solving the problems of staffing the functioning of manufacturing industries, unresolved problems in these areas of state regulation that persist at the end of the second decade are shown. Examples of foreign experience and some recommendations in the field of state regulation of the country's industrial development are given. It is shown that for radical investment growth, it is necessary to first of all solve structural problems in the economy, implement measures aimed at improving the business climate, developing competition and reducing the share of the public sector and stimulating consumer demand to intensify the investment activities of private business in the field of manufacturing. In order to accurately and reasonably assess the impact of government measures on the development of manufacturing in the country, it is necessary to develop a methodology for assessing the regulatory impact (ODS) in the direction of methods for assessing the impact of government decisions on the activation of innovation and the use of progressive technologies "Industry 4.0."
Analysis of the strength of patents of russian research institutions
Authors: Perepechko Lyudmila N. , Sharina Irina A. , Grishina Natalya V. , Rakhmanova Anastasiya R.
Published: January 2021

This paper study problem of the efficiency of management of intellectual property (IP) of research institutes and universities, proposes criteria and method of an assessment of the patent strength. The basic patent index and the average strength of patents were calculated for the institutes of SB RAS, Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Indian Institutes of Technology Delhi, and PJSC “Sibur Holding”. The results showed that the IP of institutes and NSU has a low level of protection, which explains its low demand in the market. The average strength of patents and the basic patent index are the indicators that can be recommended for inclusion into the reporting indices of the efficiency of management of IP of research institutes and universities.
Human development issues in the social and labor sphere of the Russian regions
Authors: Leonidova Galina V.
Published: January 2021

Today, one of the important factors for the development of the Russian territories is availability of quality human capital, which development is constrained by both economic and socio-cultural barriers, i.e. qualitative characteristics of the population, social and cultural factors, working conditions, social and labor relations, etc. In this regard, the article is aimed at analyzing human development in the social and labor sphere through socio-cultural indicators – vocation, unstable employment relations, quality of work life, etc. – on the basis of gender approach.
The scientific significance of the work is generalization of the research results on the development of human and labor potential, identification of common features, gender differences, and factors limiting human development. The obtained results have practical importance in identifying the priority management activities regarding the risks of developing human potential.
The information base of the research is the data of the monitoring the qualitative state of labor potential in the Vologda Oblast and the Rosstat survey data on social and demographic issues and people’s quality of life in the Russian regions.
The study shows that it is professional vocation that is one of the metamotivators and the most significant contributing factors in major fulfillment of quality characteristics of the work force, and that the problem of the underemployed turns out to be a human development limiter with persistent imbalance between the educational services and the labor market needs. The paper proves that the existing signs of unstable labor relations negatively affect the workers’ social well-being and the quality of their working life.
The obtained results are of practical relevance for identifying priority management actions in the area of human development risks. The work has shown that when managing human resources development, it seems necessary to account the distribution of unstable and unsteady social and labor relations as well as the compliance of educational services with the labor market needs.
Introduction to early clinical exposure as learning tool in physiology
Authors: Warkar Anil B. , Asia Anju A.
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

Early years of undergraduate medical education (especially the first 2 years) are critical for the academic success of medical students. In the traditional curricula of medical education, students learn theoretical knowledge without contact with the patient in a clinical context. Early clinical exposure (ECE) has been suggested to help medical fresh students overcome their stresses and motivate them to develop better insight and awareness to the medical profession.

Materials and Methods:

We devised a teaching-learning ECE intervention study module in endocrine physiology, which comprised traditional didactic lectures, supplemented with an ECE program in a hospital setting, a hospital visit to see patients. The study group was given the intervention of ECE, through the ECE designed module. The outcomes and effectiveness of this intervention were assessed by a multiple-choice pretest/post-test model of learning knowledge gain and effectiveness of the educational intervention by calculating learning matrices. Students feedback toward ECE was assessed by a 5 point Likert-scale responses and their views through a validated questionnaire.

Results:

Mean pre-test and post-test scores of students learning improved significantly from 9.6 ± 2.58 (48%) to 13.2 ± 2.53 (66%), (P= 0.043) in the study group. The learning gain (gi) for individual students was tabulated and average single student normalised gain Gi(avg) was calculated. For the study group, it was 29 ± 33% and control group 7 ± 14%. To assess the intervention effectiveness class average normalised gain G was found to be 34%, in the study group and 13% in the control group (P< 0.05). The study group students (96.4%) gave an overall rating of good/excellent to ECE on a five-point Likert scale. The mean score was (4.3 ± 1.4) showing that the overall rating of ECE was good to excellent.

Conclusion:

The pre-test/post-test model with a calculation of various measures of learning gain provides an objective and informative means to document learner performance and demonstrate the effectiveness of the educational intervention. The students’ satisfaction and their positive attitude toward ECE suggested that this interventional study improves the quality of basic science courses and adds substantial relevance to clinical application.
Recording of length-tension relationship of elbow flexors and extensors by varying elbow angle in human
Authors: Sharma Hanjabam Barun , Das Arani , Tayade Prashant , Deepak Kishore K.
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

The concept of length-tension relationship in skeletal muscle can be studied in a living person by demonstrating the relationship between isometric strength and joint angles. There is lack of an effective practical module to demonstrate this concept in living person, hence the study was planned.

Materials and Methods:

A simple, feasible and novel practical is designed using a custom-made isometric elbow flexion-extension exercising instrument, in which isometric elbow strength is measured using a dynamometer against various elbow joint angles measured using a goniometer.

Result:

Elbow isometric strength varied across its joint angles and was maximum at the optimum angle, which was 90°.

Conclusion:

We propose a simple and novel practical to understand the skeletal muscle length-tension relationship in a living person partly, by using the angle-strength relationship for undergraduate teaching in physiology.
Current Endovascular Treatment Options in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Moore Kelli , Kunin Jeff , Alnijoumi Mohammed , Nagpal Prashant , Bhat Ambarish P.
Published: January 2021

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Over the last few decades, there have been major therapeutic advances in acute PE management, including catheter-based therapy. However, the effectiveness of catheter-based therapy in acute PE is not supported by Level I evidence, making the use of this promising treatment rather controversial and ambiguous. In this paper, we discuss the risk stratification of acute PE and review the medical and endovascular treatment options. We also summarize and review the data supporting the use of endovascular treatment options in acute PE and describe the potential role of the PE response team.
Congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome in a neonate: A rare case
Authors: Pinnamaneni Pawankalyan , Gogineni Samatha , Prakash Arushi
Published: January 2021

A full-term newborn was examined after lower segmental cesarean section. There were no antenatal complications. Clinically, there was overlapping of upper lids over lower eyelids when the baby was crying, but reduced when the baby was asleep. The upper eyelids became normal within 2 days of delivery without any treatment. We report one such case.
Parents’ experience of receiving their child’s diagnosis of Down’s syndrome
Authors: Rasendrakumar Arabi , Prabaharan Krithika , Ramanan Padmasani Venkat , Rasendrakumar Niruby
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to study the parents’ satisfaction with the experience of receiving the diagnosis of Down’s syndrome (DS) for their child.

Materials and Methods:

Children studying in special schools in the city with DS were identified and a retrospective study of their parents’ experience on receiving their child’s diagnosis was done using a semi-structured, questionnaire, developed, and validated by us.

Results:

Forty-two parents participated. In 7 (16.6%), diagnosis was made in the neonatal period, in 15 (35.7%) between 1 month and 1 year, and in 20 (47.6%) after the 1st year of life. Forty (95.2%) had been given printed information, 32 (76.2%) were provided with contacts numbers of resource centers. Thirty-eight (90.5%) were referred to support groups. Only 9 (21.4%) were provided a timetable of care. Twenty (47.6%) felt that all the positive aspects had been clarified, 15 (35%) felt that all the negative aspects were completely explained, and 29 (69%) felt that the doctor had shown compassion. Overall satisfaction 9.5% were very satisfied with the experience, 45.2% were quite satisfied,11.9% were neutral, 19.1% were quite dissatisfied, and 14.3% were very dissatisfied. The factors significantly associated with satisfaction included having a time table of care, having both positive and negative aspects completely explained and the health-care professional showing compassion at the time of breaking the diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Only 54.8% of parents of children with DS were satisfied with the way the diagnosis of their child’s condition was broken to them. Efforts to include the factors associated with satisfaction and avoidance of factors causing dissatisfaction will help improve the experience of these parents.
Food allergy: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Nagarajan Sowmya Arudi , Rao Harsha Neramballi Subba
Published: January 2021

Food allergy (FA) is a dynamic field. It is not only evolving but also increasing in the prevalence and incidence all over the world. The term “Food allergy” is often misused, not only by patients, their families but also by health professionals. All adverse food reactions are erroneously labeled as “Food allergy.” This has to be recognized and avoided to make a proper evaluation, diagnosis and management. Surveys have shown that the prevalence of FA based on public perception runs as high as 60%, whereas the true prevalence is around is around 2–8%. FA is more common in early childhood days (6–8%) compared to adults (1–2%). There are several known and unknown reasons for changing picture of FA across the globe. In the developed world, the peanut sensitivity has doubled in prevalence over the past decade. In the developing world (namely, India, and China), the prevalence of Peanut sensitivity/allergy is much less, although the consumption of Peanuts is much higher. Lately, it has also been observed that early introduction of so called “allergenic foods” to infants and children early in life seems to actually reduce the incidence of allergies developing later in childhood.
Immunocytochemical characteristic of the endometrial mucosa HIV-infected women
Authors: Vorobtsova Irina N. , Tapilskaya Natalya I. , Orlova Elena S. , Rukhlyada Nikolay N. , Proshin Sergei N. , Glushakov Ruslan I.
Published: January 2021

Relevance. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an independent factor in reduced fertility and a risk factor for miscarriage. There are some date an endometrial receptivity of HIV-infected patients has changed that plays an important role in embryo invasion, but the true reasons for the decrease in fertility rate in HIV infection remain unknown.

Aim. Study of the expression of CD20, CD56 and TLR9 antigens on uterine epithelial cells of HIV-infected patients and the effectiveness of treatment for chronic endometritis by sodium nucleospermate.

Materials and methods. This parallel-group study was done at two centres in the Russia. Participants were adults women aged 26 to 49 years (mean age 33.352.9 years), who were HIV-infected (n=12) and HIV-negative (22). An immunocytochemical study of endometrial biopsies taken on the 710th day of the menstrual cycle before and after treatment was done. The course of treatment with sodium nucleospermate was 42 days.

Results. The expression level of CD56 and TLR9 in HIV-infected patients was 7.640.92% and 0.330.18%, respectively, and significantly differed from the expression levels in HIV-seronegative patients. There was a decrease in the expression levels of CD20 and CD56 and an increase in the expression levels of TLR9 in all groups of patients after treatment with sodium nucleospermate.

Conclusion. A decrease TLR9 expression on uterine epithelial cells in HIV-infected patients showing lack of ability of innate immunity to eliminate pathogens associated with subclinical inflammation and it correlates with an increase in the expression of markers of chronic endometritis.
The functional outcome of local infiltration of a periarticular cocktail of analgesics on post-operative pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Pradeep P  , Thiyagarajan U  , Senthil Loganathan  , Raghavendar B
Published: January 2021

Total knee arthroplasty is becoming a more frequently performed orthopedics surgery these days aimed mainly to improve the functional outcome and correct deformity in patients suffering from arthritis of the knee joint. To evaluate the results, we conducted a prospective study from March 2017 to December 2019. The pain was evaluated every 4th hourly during the first 24 hours and thereon every 6th hourly till 5th POD. The 2MWT was administered during the 2nd POD and 6MWT was administered during the 6 weeks follow up to check for the muscle endurance when walking. In our study, we had 22 patients who were between 55-60 years, 21 patients between 61-70 years and 17 patients between 71-80 years. Based on analysis of our results, the mean VAS pain score was 4 on POD 0 and VAS pain score was 3 on Post-operative day 1 and 2. The 2 MWT administered on the 2nd POD showed that 35 patients (58.3%) were able to walk 30 meters. The rest of the 25 patients (42%) were not able to do the 2MWT due to various reasons like pain (15) and dizziness (10). The 6MWT administered at 6 weeks showed that all the patients were able to walk an average of 480 meters. Periarticular cocktail of analgesics used in Total knee arthroplasty was associated with a favorable improvement in walking capacity, pain management in the immediate post-operative period and improved knee function. Periarticular administration of a cocktail of analgesics helped to improve the patient's ambulatory status.
Risk factor stratification in chronic kidney disease - A tertiary care analysis
Authors: Aadhyyanth R Allu  , Sivasubramanian K
Published: January 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become recognized as an important issue affecting the health of millions around the world. It has been found to be highly prevalent in many countries, including India, accounting for massive health expenditure as well. The burden of CKD is on the rise in both developed and developing countries. The objectives were to identify and study the risk factors for CKD among patients attending Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai and to study the association between risk factors and CKD. The case-control study was conducted on 110 cases and 110 controls. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Statistical Analysis was done using MS Excel 2007, and Chi-Square test was also used. Of the parameters studied, age, residence, family history, smoking and alcohol were found to be associated with CKD and were statistically significant (p<0.05). The findings suggest that positive family history, smoking and alcohol may have an impact on chronic kidney disease in patients of South India. Hence screening and creation of awareness may help in decreasing mortality.
A comprehensive review of the traditional plant based medicines for the treatment of rheumatism
Authors: Ganesh N Sharma  , Harjinder Kaur  , Birendra Shrivastava  , Satish Chander Arora
Published: January 2021

Inflammation is a highly complex mechanism and can be described as the body's first defensive immune system reaction. The immediate purpose is to guard against infectious invasions, the introduction of antigens, any cell and tissue disruption or harm. If it is not treated, it is persistent which progresses to serious degenerative conditions such as rheumatism, atherosclerosis and asthma. Rheumatism is a category of inflammatory disease with chronic conditions. The disease includes a rise in the amount of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, which primarily influence the synovial fluid of the movable joints and eventually cause cartilage and bone degradation across the joints. Many steroidal and nonsteroidal drugs (Methotrexate, Cyclosporine and Dpencillamine, Ibuprofen, Sulindac, Indomethacin) are prescribed as treatment therapies. But, unfortunately, all these drugs are having side effects. So, to enhance the pharmacological effects and decrease the side-effects of the available treatment therapies, there is a need to move towards alternative therapies. By keeping the limitations of the existing therapies, in the present review, we tried to summarize the data of traditional medicinal plants with maximum pharmacological activities with less side effects for the rheumatism patients. A systematic literature and electronic archive analysis was performed using internet search engines such as Google scholar, Pubmed, Medlineplus, and Science Direct from numerous academic publications. This review paper is summarized with total 500 articles out of which 330 articles are selected to review for extracts and parts used, chemical constituents, traditional uses and for reporting anti rheumatic activity.
AGE AS A CYCLE OF DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE CONSCIOUSNESS: AESTHETIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Мазаненко Оксана Михайловна
Published: January 2021

В статье обосновывается возможность и необходимость изучения современной философией проблемы возраста как особого способа обнаружения безусловного, духа, сознания на различных этапах жизненного пути. Понятия «становление», «развитие», «различия», «возможности», связанные с возрастом, позволяют раскрыть нетождественность творческого сознания с различных позиций бытия-возраста. Предпринята попытка в каждом возрасте найти те константы, которые приводят к «сгущению» определенных психических признаков, делают их характерными для творческого сознания как эстетического феномена. В основу предпринятого анализа положена эпигенетическая теория Э. Эриксона.

The article substantiates the possibility and necessity of modern philosophy studying the problem of age as a special way to detect the unconditional, spirit, consciousness at different stages of life. The concepts of «becoming», «development», «differences», «opportunities» associated with age allow us to reveal the non-identity of creative consciousness from different positions of beingage. An attempt is made at each age to find those constants that lead to the «condensation» of certain mental signs, make them characteristic of creative consciousness as an aesthetic phenomenon. The epigenetic theory of E. Erickson is the basis of the undertaken analysis.
ABOUT THE IMPACT OF ACCESS TO SOCIAL NETWORKS ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS PSYCHE
Authors: Мартюшов Владимир Филиппович , Ломакин Артем Сергеевич , Боровик Владимир Владимирович
Published: January 2021

Исследуется зависимость психических отклонений у детей и подростков от доступа к социальным сетям. Рассматриваются некоторые социологические результаты изучения основных угроз, поджидающих подрастающее поколение в виртуальном пространстве и насколько необходим родительский контроль в этих вопросах.

The article examines the dependence of access to social networks and mental disorders of children and adolescents. The article also examines some sociological results of studying the main threats which are waiting for younger generation in virtual space and how much parental control is needed in these questions.
PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CATEGORY «CONSUMER PROJECT» (COPR)
Authors: Исаев Роман Олегович , Шестаков Александр Алексеевич
Published: January 2021

Актуальная ситуация в современной научной сфере характеризуется тенденцией к распространению междисциплинарных исследований, где синергия разнопредметных действительностей и методов даёт возможность получить качественно новые результаты. Осмысление потребительских проектов в новом формате становится возможным благодаря комбинированию средств и методов философии, экономики и методологии. В статье потребительские проекты впервые получают определение и научное обоснование. Автором вводится специальный контекст рассмотрения избранного объекта, позволяющий преодолеть предметные фреймы и за счёт этого получить доступ к новому содержанию знания о проектной деятельности.

The current situation in the contemporary scientific sphere is characterized by a trend towards the spread of interdisciplinary research, where the synergy of diverse realities and methods makes it possible to obtain qualitatively new results. Understanding consumer projects in a new format is made possible by combining the tools and methods of Philosophy, Economics, and Methodology. In this article consumer projects for the first time receive a definition and scientific justification. The author introduces a special context for consideration of the selected object, which allows overcoming subject frames and thereby gaining access to new content of knowledge about project activities.
THE QUESTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: Родичкин Дмитрий Викторович , Буренков Сергей Владимирович
Published: January 2021

Становление «человека разумного», обладающего сознанием, способностью к труду и членораздельной речи, а также формирование устойчивых общественных отношений одновременно были процессами формирования культуры. Иначе говоря, культура могла зародиться только при условии наличия у индивидов сознания, речи и общественных отношений. Там, где есть люди, их деятельность и отношения, там есть и культура. И в то же время сознание есть, во-первых, результат усвоения индивидом культурных норм, а во-вторых, следствие зарождения и развития естественного языка. Но и сам язык формируется под влиянием культурных традиций, а также развития общественных и межличностных отношений. Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение взаимодействия указанных компонентов духовного производства, а также попытка выделить и понять суть социальных процессов, связанных с формированием единства общества.

The formation of a «homo sapiens» with consciousness, the ability to work and articulate speech, as well as the formation of stable social relations, were simultaneously processes of culture formation. In other words, culture could arise only under condition of presence of the individuals mind, speech and public relations. Where there are people, their activities and relationships, there is also culture. At the same time, consciousness is, first and foremost, the result of the individual's assimilation of cultural norms, and then, the consequence of the birth and development of natural language. But the language itself is formed under the influence of cultural traditions, as well as the development of social and interpersonal relations. The purpose of this article is to consider the interaction of these components of spiritual production, as well as an attempt to identify and understand the essence of social processes associated with the formation of the unity of society.
SPIRITUAL EDUCATION AS A FACTOR OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Майкова Валентина Петровна , Задремайлов Олег Иванович
Published: January 2021

В статье подвергается анализу духовное просвещение как фактор национальной безопасности. Для этого в первую очередь изучается социально-философское понимание духовного просвещения и его влияние на национальную безопасность. Авторы анализируют причины и следствия кризиса духовно-нравственных ценностей как основы просвещения, который переживает современное общество на фоне глобализации, деструктуризации традиционных ценностей. В результате исследования доказывается важность духовного просвещения для обеспечения национальной безопасности. Только духовное просвещение формирует у человека как личности необходимые ценностные ориентиры, чтобы личность стала залогом эффективного, стабильного и безопасного развития общества и государства в целом. Таким образом, формирование духовных ценностей в результате просвещения должно обеспечить национальную безопасность.

The article analyzes spiritual education as a factor of national security. For this, first of all, the socio-philosophical understanding of spiritual enlightenment and its impact on national security is studied. The authors, relying on contemporary research, discuss the causes and consequences of the crisis of spiritual and moral values as the basis of education, which contemporary society is experiencing against the background of globalization and the destruction of traditional values. The study proves the importance of spiritual education for ensuring national security. So, as soon as spiritual education can form a person as a person oriented by the necessary value guidelines, this person becomes the key to effective, stable, and safe development of society and the state as a whole. Thus, only the formation of spiritual values as a result of education should ensure national security.
The effect of sorbitol and white sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas L.) inulin extract application on marshmallow physical, chemical and organoleptic properties
Authors: Yudhistira B. , Putri A.K. , Prabawa S.
Published: January 2021

Marshmallow belongs to a high-calorie food that requires a low-calorie substitute for
sucrose, one of which is sorbitol. Marshmallow has the potential to become a functional
food with the addition of inulin contained within white sweet potatoes. Inulin refers to a
type of fructan carbohydrate which contains fiber and has the potential as a prebiotic that
is beneficial for the human’s body. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition
of white sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) inulin extract and sorbitol on the physical,
chemical and organoleptic characteristic of marshmallows and to obtain the best
marshmallow’s formula through white sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) inulin extract and
sorbitol addition. The completely randomized design method (CRD) applied in this study
consisted of one factor, namely the difference in formulation between the concentration of
white sweet potato inulin extract (2% and 3%) and the concentration of sorbitol (25%,
50%, and 75%). The statistical analysis utilized the One Way Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) method using SPSS. The results of this study indicated that the addition of
white sweet potato inulin extract and sorbitol had a significant effect on tensile strength,
density, moisture content, ash content, total calories, dietary fiber, and organoleptic
characteristics of marshmallows. The best formula for marshmallows was formula 4 with
the addition of 2% white sweet potato inulin extract and 50% sorbitol.