bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarisation of decayless kink oscillations of solar coronal loops
Authors: Zhong Sihui , Nakariakov Valery M. , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y. , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Antolin Patrick , Verbeeck Cis , Berghmans David
Published: September 2023

Decayless kink oscillations of plasma loops in the solar corona may contain an answer to the enigmatic problem of solar and stellar coronal heating. The polarisation of the oscillations gives us a unique information about their excitation mechanisms and energy supply. However, unambiguous determination of the polarisation has remained elusive. Here, we show simultaneous detection of a 4-min decayless kink oscillation from two non-parallel lines-of-sights, separated by about 104∘, provided by unique combination of the High Resolution Imager on Solar Orbiter and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on Solar Dynamics Observatory. The observations reveal a horizontal or weakly oblique linear polarisation of the oscillation. This conclusion is based on the comparison of observational results with forward modelling of the observational manifestation of various kinds of polarisation of kink oscillations. The revealed polarisation favours the sustainability of these oscillations by quasi-steady flows which may hence supply the energy for coronal heating.
Possible intermediate quantum spin liquid phase in α-RuCl3 under high magnetic fields up to 100 T
Authors: Zhou Xu-Guang , Li Han , Matsuda Yasuhiro H. , Matsuo Akira , Li Wei , Kurita Nobuyuki , Su Gang , Kindo Koichi , Tanaka Hidekazu
Published: September 2023

Pursuing the exotic quantum spin liquid (QSL) state in the Kitaev material α-RuCl3 has intrigued great research interest recently. A fascinating question is on the possible existence of a field-induced QSL phase in this compound. Here we perform high-field magnetization measurements of α-RuCl3 up to 102 T employing the non-destructive and destructive pulsed magnets. Under the out-of-plane field along the c* axis (i.e., perpendicular to the honeycomb plane), two quantum phase transitions are uncovered at respectively 35 T and about 83 T, between which lies an intermediate phase as the predicted QSL. This is in sharp contrast to the case with in-plane fields, where a single transition is found at around 7 T and the intermediate QSL phase is absent instead. By measuring the magnetization data with fields tilted from the c* axis up to 90° (i.e., in-plane direction), we obtain the field-angle phase diagram that contains the zigzag, paramagnetic, and QSL phases. Based on the K-J-Γ-$${{{\Gamma }}}^{{\prime} }$$

Γ

′

model for α-RuCl3 with a large Kitaev term we perform density matrix renormalization group simulations and reproduce the quantum phase diagram in excellent agreement with experiments.
Digital twin based monitoring and control for DC-DC converters
Authors: Lei Zhongcheng , Zhou Hong , Dai Xiaoran , Hu Wenshan , Liu Guo-Ping
Published: September 2023

The monitoring and control of DC-DC converters have become key issues since DC-DC converters are gradually playing increasingly crucial roles in power electronics applications such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. As an emerging and transforming technology, the digital twin, which is a dynamic virtual replica of a physical system, can potentially provide solutions for the monitoring and control of DC-DC converters. This work discusses the design and implementation of the digital twin DC-DC converter in detail. The key features of the physical and twin systems are outlined, and the control architecture is provided. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed digital twin method, four possible cases that may occur during the practical control scenarios of DC-DC converter applications are discussed. Simulations and experimental verification are conducted, showing that the digital twin can dynamically track the physical DC-DC converter, detect the failure of the physical controller and replace it in real time.
Experimental and theoretical model for the origin of coiling of cellular protrusions around fibers
Authors: Sadhu Raj Kumar , Hernandez-Padilla Christian , Eisenbach Yael Eshed , Penič Samo , Zhang Lixia , Vishwasrao Harshad D. , Behkam Bahareh , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Shroff Hari , Iglič Aleš , Peles Elior , Nain Amrinder S. , Gov Nir S.
Published: September 2023

Protrusions at the leading-edge of a cell play an important role in sensing the extracellular cues during cellular spreading and motility. Recent studies provided indications that these protrusions wrap (coil) around the extracellular fibers. However, the physics of this coiling process, and the mechanisms that drive it, are not well understood. We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the coiling of cellular protrusions on fibers of different geometry. Our theoretical model describes membrane protrusions that are produced by curved membrane proteins that recruit the protrusive forces of actin polymerization, and identifies the role of bending and adhesion energies in orienting the leading-edges of the protrusions along the azimuthal (coiling) direction. Our model predicts that the cell’s leading-edge coils on fibers with circular cross-section (above some critical radius), but the coiling ceases for flattened fibers of highly elliptical cross-section. These predictions are verified by 3D visualization and quantitation of coiling on suspended fibers using Dual-View light-sheet microscopy (diSPIM). Overall, we provide a theoretical framework, supported by experiments, which explains the physical origin of the coiling phenomenon.
PacBio next-generation sequencing uncovers Apicomplexa diversity in different habitats
Authors: Gad Mahmoud , Fawzy Mariam E. , Al-Herrawy Ahmad Z. , Abdo Sayeda M. , Nabet Noura , Hu Anyi
Published: September 2023

The phylum Apicomplexa comprises a large group of intracellular protozoan parasites. These microorganisms are known to infect a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, leading to significant medical and veterinary conditions such as toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, theileriosis, and eimeriosis. Despite their importance, comprehensive data on their diversity and distribution, especially in riverine environments, remain scant. To bridge this knowledge gap, we utilized next-generation high-throughput 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing powered by PacBio technology to explore the diversity and composition of the Apicomplexa taxa. Principal component analysis (PCA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated the habitat heterogeneity for the physicochemical parameters and the Apicomplexa community. These results were supported by PERMANOVA (P < 0.001), ANOSIM (P < 0.001), Cluster analysis, and Venn diagram. Dominant genera of Apicomplexa in inlet samples included Gregarina (38.54%), Cryptosporidium (32.29%), and Leidyana (11.90%). In contrast, outlet samples were dominated by Babesia, Cryptosporidium, and Theileria. While surface water samples revealed 16% and 8.33% relative abundance of Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium, respectively. To our knowledge, the next-generation high throughput sequencing covered a wide range of parasites in Egypt for the first time, which could be useful for legislation of the standards for drinking water and wastewater reuse.
Optimal controlling of anti-TGF-$$\beta$$ and anti-PDGF medicines for preventing pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bahram Yazdroudi Fatemeh , Malek Alaeddin
Published: September 2023

In the repair of injury, some transforming growth factor-$$\beta$$
β
s (TGF-$$\beta$$
β
s) and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) bind to fibroblast receptors as ligands and cause the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. When the injury repair is repeated, the myofibroblasts proliferate excessively, forming fibrotic tissue. We goal to control myofibroblasts proliferation and apoptosis with anti-transforming growth factor-$$\beta$$
β
(anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
) and anti-platelet-derived growth factor (anti-PDGF) medicines. The novel optimal regulator control problem with two controls (medicines) is proposed to simulate how to the preventing pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) consists of restoring a system of cells, protein, and tissue networks with injury and scar. Myofibroblasts proliferation back to its equilibrium position after it has been disturbed by abnormal repair. Thus, the optimal regulator control problem with a parabolic partial differential equation as a constraint, zero flux boundary, and given specific initial conditions, is considered. The myofibroblast diffusion equation stands as a governing dynamic system while the objective function is the summation of myofibroblast, anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
and anti-PDGF medicines for the fixed final time. Here, myofibroblast is a nonlinear state of time while anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
and anti-PDGF are two unknown control functions. In order to solve the corresponding problem a weighted Galerkin method is used. Firstly, we convert the myofibroblast diffusion equation to a system of ordinary differential equations using the Lagrangian interpolation polynomials defined at Gauss-Lobatto integration points. Secondly, by the calculus of variations, the optimal control problem is solved successfully using canonical Hamiltonian and extended Riccati equations. Numerical results are given, and the plots are depicted. Moreover, solutions to the problem in which there is no control are compared. Numerical results show that, over time, the myofibroblast increases and then remains constant when there is no control. In contrast, the current solution decreases and vanishes after 300 days by prescribing controller medicines for anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
and anti-PDGF. The optimal strategy proposed in this paper helps practitioners to reduce myofibroblasts by controlling both anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
and anti-PDGF medicines.
Evaluating the appropriateness of γ-graphyne derivatives as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Kenarsari Mahsa Abbasi , Vafaee Mohsen , Nasrollahpour Mokhtar , Khoshdel Seyyed Morteza Mousavi
Published: September 2023

DFT calculations were used to study the quantum capacitance of pure, B/Al/Si/N/P-doped, and defective γ-graphyne. Due to the direct relationship between capacitance and electronic states around the Fermi level, structures' electronic properties were evaluated by DOS plots. The results of integrated specific quantum capacitance in the range of water stability potential show an improvement of capacity in each p and n-type doping. The calculated cohesive energies of doped structures reflect the stability enhancement. Also, the stability/capacitance of single and double vacancies in two distinct positions (sp and sp2) were examined. The results illustrate stability retention and quantum capacitance improvement of these defective structures. Among the doped structures, the maximum quantum capacitance is 2251.10 F/gr belonging to the aluminum doped structure (in the sp position). For the defective structures, the maximum quantum capacitance is 4221.69 F/gr belonging to removing two sp carbon atoms. These quantum capacitances significantly improved compared to the pristine structure (1216.87 F/gr) and many other structures. These stunning results can contribute to the design of appropriate structures as electrode materials for high-efficiency supercapacitors.
Unique patterns of healthcare utilization following the opening of the Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital
Authors: Dror Lavy Noa , Barnea Royi , Rotlevi Erela , Simon-Tuval Tzahit
Published: September 2023

Our aim was to examine the influence of the market entry of Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital on community and hospital-based healthcare utilization (HCU). A retrospective study was conducted among Maccabi Health Services enrollees in the regions of Ashdod (n = 94,575) and Netanya (control group, n = 80,200) before and after this market entry. Based on difference-in-differences framework, we examined the change in HCU of Ashdod region’s enrollees compared to the control group and following the market entry using multivariable generalized estimating equations models. Our results revealed that, as hypothesized, after the market entry and compared to the control group, there was a 4% increase in specialists visits not requiring referral (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.03–1.06, p < 0.001), a 4% increase in MRI and CT scans (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08, p = 0.022), and a 33% increase in emergency room visits (RR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.29–1.38, p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, no changes were observed in the number of hospital admissions (RR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.97–1.14, p = 0.250), and hospitalization days (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94–1.04, p = 0.668). Moreover, and unexpectedly, there was a 1% decrease in primary care physician visits (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00, p = 0.002), a 11% decrease in specialists visits requiring a referral (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.91, p < 0.001), and a 42% decrease in elective surgeries (RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.55–0.60, p < 0.001). We conclude that this market entry was not translated to an increase in utilization of all services. The unique model of maintaining the continuity of care that was adopted by the hospital and patients’ loyalty may led to the unique inter-relationship between the hospital and community care.
A novel method to quantify perivascular space enlargement near the syrinx in a rodent model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
Authors: Johnson Liam , Bartlett-Tomasetig Florence , Fok Sandra , Whan Renee , Berliner Joel , Hemley Sarah J. , Stoodley Marcus A. , Bilston Lynne E.
Published: September 2023

Posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by the development of fluid-filled cysts (syrinxes) within the spinal cord. Perivascular spaces (PVS) are a critical component of fluid transport within the central nervous system (CNS), with dilated PVSs variably implicated in the pathogenesis of syringomyelia. The extent and spatial distribution of dilated PVSs in syringomyelia, however, remains unclear. This study aims to develop a method to assess PVS dimensions across multiple spinal cord segments in rats with PTS. Syrinxes were induced in two Sprague–Dawley rats at C6/7 with computer-controlled motorized spinal cord impaction; two control rats underwent sham laminectomies. Spinal cord segments were obtained at C4, C6 and C8, cleared via tissue clearing protocols, stained with immunofluorescent antibodies and imaged under confocal microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of PVS size were performed. Arteriolar PVSs were enlarged in the perisyringeal region of the spinal cord, compared to the control cord. No PVS enlargement was observed above or below the syrinx. These results confirm previous incidental findings of enlarged PVSs in the perisyringeal region, providing new insights into PVS dimensions across multiple spinal segments, and providing a novel method for quantifying spinal cord perivascular space size distributions.
Topochemical and phase transformation induced Co9S8/NC nanosheets for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Yining , Wu Shimei , Liu Chilin , Liu Zhiting , Yang Wei , Zhang Yufei , Fan Haosen
Published: September 2023

Co9S8/NC was successfully synthesized by topochemical and phase transformation processes from a dodecahedral cobalt-based imidazole skeleton (ZIF-67) as a self-template.
Enhanced Faraday rotation by a Fano resonance in substrate-free three-dimensional magnetoplasmonic structures
Authors: Cheng Tong-Huai , Yang Weihao , Liu Zhaochao , Feng Hua Yu , Qin Jun , Ma Yifei , Li Shicheng , Bi Lei , Luo Feng
Published: September 2023

This work constructs a new substrate-free three-dimensional magnetoplasmonic structure. The Fano resonance is excited under y-polarization incidence, leading to the enhancement and sign reversal of Faraday rotation (FR).
Highly efficient carbon dot-based photoinitiating systems for 3D-VAT printing
Authors: Krok Dominika , Tomal Wiktoria , Knight Alexander J. , Tartakovskii Alexander I. , Farr Nicholas T. H. , Kasprzyk Wiktor , Ortyl Joanna
Published: September 2023

In this work, different types of carbon dots (CDs) based on citric acid as a precursor were synthesized using an efficient procedure to purify these materials from low molecular by-products and fluorophores.
TLOF final approach methodology proposal utilizing dual landing pads
Authors: Lei Yu , Qin Rui , Li Quan , Chen Daliang
Published: September 2023

Vertiports in economically developed areas present the operation mode of multiple Touchdown and Liftoff Area (TLOF) pads, and the intersection and overlap of the final approach airspace between two adjacent TOLF pads in the vertiports is the basic problem confronted by multiple TLOF pads. The objective of this study is to design the final approach airspace structure of dual landing pads, so as to provide reference for the future design of the airspace structure of multiple landing pads. In this paper, the design scheme of the final approach airspace of dual TLOF pads is proposed, and it includes three different kinds of airspace structure with different proximity of dual TLOF pads and the final approach path design for each kind based on the multi‐branch approach strategy. Considering the constraints of the multi‐branch approach strategy and safe operation, the airspace design model is constructed to minimize the airspace volume and to develop algorithms that can realize the airspace design with different capacities and different proximity of dual TLOF pads. The results reveal the changing trend of airspace volume under different design capacities and different proximity of dual TLOF pads. It provides reference for the site selection of vertiports with dual TLOF pads, and lays a foundation for the design of the final approach airspace for vertiport with multiple TLOF pads.
Waveform design for resonance signature of fighter‐class target
Authors: Alhajri Abdullah , Aldhubaib Faisal
Published: September 2023

The authors investigate the feasibility of forming a composite Gaussian waveform in the high‐frequency region for jetfighter class targets with a high potential to combat the noise effect and the late‐time signature onset ambiguity when estimating the target resonance signature. The excitation waveform comprises a composite of modulated carriers with fractional bandwidth and amplitude adapted to lower specular content while enhancing the radar target resonance content in the radar return, subsequently increasing the likelihood of extracting the resonance parameters more accurately. The validation of improvement in the resonance signature requires finding the error between the excitation frequencies and the extractable resonant frequencies in the return echo and, second, the similarity or resemblance between the original echo waveform and the reconstructed waveform by the estimated resonance set. The results presented the robustness rate in instantaneous, average, and overall fashion. In conclusion, a fractional bandwidth between 0.3 and 0.4 would significantly improve the signature overall robustness with a circular then slant scattering polarisation set outperforming the horizontal and vertical directions. Also, excluding the signal's high and low energy portions further enhance the accuracy of the estimated resonance mode set.
Sufficient conditions for graphs to have strong parity factors
Authors: Zhou Sizhong , Zhang Yuli
Published: September 2023

A graph G has a strong parity factor F if for every subset X ⊆ V (G) with |X| even, G contains a spanning subgraph F such that δ(F) ≥ 1, dF (u) ≡ 1 (mod 2) for any u ∈ X, and dF(v) ≡ 0 (mod 2) for any v ∈ V(G) \ X. In this article, we first provide a size condition for a graph having a strong parity factor. Then we put forward a toughness condition to guarantee that a graph has a strong parity factor.
Gesundheits-Apps zur Unterstützung von Brustkrebspatientinnen während der Behandlung und der Nachsorgezeit in Deutschland: eine systematische Überprüfung
Authors: Gomm Susanne Ingrid Marianne , Ebner Florian K. , Lukac Stefan , El Taie Ziad , Janni Wolfgang , Schmidt-Straßburger Uta , Stoinschek Barbara , Dayan Davut
Published: September 2023

Zweck Systematische Auswertung der Gesundheitsapps, die zur Unterstützung und Hilfe bei der Fernüberwachung von Patientinnen während der Brustkrebsbehandlung und der Nachbetreuung entwickelt wurden.

Methodik Es erfolgte eine systematische Suche und Bewertung der Apps anhand der Suchbegriffe: Brustkrebs; Brustkrebstherapie; und Brustkrebsnachbetreuung. Die Evaluationskriterien waren Nutzerbewertungen, wissenschaftliche Publikationen zu Vorteilen, Benutzerfreundlichkeit, Datenschutz, App-Individualisierung, Motivation und finanzielle Aspekte. Pro Kriterium konnten bis zu 2 Punkte (P) vergeben werden. Der niedrigste mögliche Score betrug 0 P und der höchstmögliche 28 P. Drei Forschende aus verschiedenen Institutionen bewerteten die Apps unabhängig anhand der festgelegten Kriterien. Als Referenzwert wurde der von den Forschenden angegebene Durchschnittswert definiert. Apps mit > 18 P wurden als „zu empfehlen“, ≥ 11– ≤ 18 P als „teilweise zu empfehlen“ und ≤ 10 P als „nicht zu empfehlen“ eingestuft.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten über eine Suchanfrage 776 Apps (n = 24 aus dem „Apple App Store“, n = 752 aus dem „Google Play Store“) identifiziert werden. Nach Anwendung der Ausschlusskriterien wurden 36 Apps (n = 1 aus dem „Apple App Store“; n = 35 aus dem „Google Play Store“) evaluiert. Anhand des Mittelwerts der von den Forschenden vergebenen Punkte wurden 20 Apps als „nicht zu empfehlen“ und 12 als „teilweise zu empfehlen“ (≥ 11– ≤ 18 P) eingestuft. Vier Apps wurden von 2 Forschenden teilweise empfohlen und von einem Forschenden empfohlen. Drei Apps wurden von allen Forschenden als „empfehlenswert“ eingestuft.

Fazit Nur einige wenige der verfügbaren Apps erfüllen die Empfehlungskriterien. Die Verwendung dieser Apps kann Brustkrebspatientinnen zugutekommen.
Wieder in Form – Konservative Reha nach HKB-Teilruptur
Authors: Kotkowski Peter , Ribbat Lucas
Published: September 2023

Rupturen des hinteren Kreuzbandes sind zwar selten, für Sportler*innen mitunter aber fatal. Goldstandards für die langwierige und komplexe Rehabilitation fehlen. Ein Fallbeispiel mit einem Profifußballer zeigt einen optimalen Therapieverlauf. Aufbau und Inhalte der Reha orientieren sich an der aktuellen Evidenz. Berücksichtigt wurden die persönlichen Ziele des Athleten, seine Verletzungshistorie sowie die herausragende Compliance.
Screening bei Post Covid – Physiotherapeutisches Assessment bei Corona-Langzeitsymptomatik
Authors: Spiegl Claudia , Scheiber Barbara
Published: September 2023

Um die multiple Symptomatik des Post-Covid-Syndroms schnell zu erfassen und den Verlauf zu dokumentieren, eignen sich evidenzbasierte Assessments. Obwohl die Tests etabliert und praxistauglich sind, scheitert ihre praktische Anwendung zu oft an fehlendem Wissen und mangelnden Ressourcen.
Ergebnisse der Viktimisierungsstudie Sachsen (VisSa): Dunkelfeldstudie zur Betroffenheit von Frauen durch sexualisierte Gewalt, häusliche/partnerschaftliche Gewalt und Stalking
Authors: Baer Judit , Kruber Anja , Weller Konrad , Seedorf Wiebke , Bathke Gustav-Wilhelm , Voß Heinz-Jürgen
Published: September 2023

Die „Viktimisierungsstudie Sachsen“ (VisSa) untersuchte drei Formen geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt, die in der vom Europarat 2011 erlassenen Istanbul-Konvention (IK) genannt werden: sexualisierte und häusliche Gewalt sowie Stalking. Die VisSa-Studie zielte auf aktuelle Erkenntnisse zu Ursachen und Auswirkungen von häuslicher Gewalt, sexualisierter Gewalt und Stalking im Bundesland Sachsen. Zudem wurde geprüft, welche Hilfs- und Schutzangebote von Betroffenen mit Gewalterfahrungen (nicht) angenommen werden. Auf Grundlage der Studienergebnisse wurden Empfehlungen für Politik und Beratungspraxis formuliert. Auf Basis einer Literaturübersicht wurde, begleitet von einem Projektbeirat, ein Fragebogen entwickelt und über LimeSurvey ausgerollt. Die Bekanntmachung des Fragebogens erfolgte gezielt, die Auswertung gestützt durch SPSS. Ergänzend zum quantitativen Design wurden Frauen mit Migrationserfahrung und/oder Beeinträchtigung über eine qualitative Zusatzerhebung erreicht. Die Studie belegt eine hohe Betroffenheit von Frauen in Sachsen im Hinblick auf die drei untersuchten Gewaltformen. Bezüglich sexualisierter Gewalt wurden 30 % der Studienteilnehmerinnen bereits zu sexuellen Handlungen gezwungen, den Versuch hatten 51 % erlebt. Häusliche Gewalt hatten 45 % psychisch und 35 % körperlich erfahren. 40 % hatten Stalking erlebt. Zu Formen der Gewalt und den Auslösern konnten Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden, ebenso zu Veränderungsbedarfen im Hinblick auf das Hilfesystem. Während Formen und Auslöser der Gewalt mit der VisSa-Studie erhellt werden konnten, sollten in Folgeuntersuchungen Gewaltdynamiken qualitativ beforscht werden. Im Hinblick auf politische Entscheidungsträger*innen ergeben sich Aufgaben insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine Bewusstseinsbildung in Bezug auf Gewalt unter Fachkräften (auch von Fachberatungsstellen) und gesamtgesellschaftlich.
Therapie auf Augenhöhe fördert die Compliance – Die fünf Stufen des Shared Decision Making
Authors: Höller Thune
Published: September 2023

Die ICF-Faktoren Aktivität und Partizipation spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der modernen Physiotherapie. Doch wie gelingt die Partizipation innerhalb der Therapie? Tatsächlich sollten Patient*innen bereits in der Anamnese an ihrer Rehabilitation teilhaben und Behandlungsziele selbst formulieren. Das Konzept ist bekannt unter Shared Decision Making.
Factors Influencing the Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Azad Aisha , Zafar Hajra , Raza Faisal , Sulaiman Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Methods for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis of the past were costly, generating toxic compounds, which necessitates a reduction in toxic contamination associated with chemical and physical syntheses. Green nano synthesis using plant extracts has emerged as a sustainable alternative in nanotechnology with applications in various fields. Factors such as pH, extract and salt concentrations, temperature, solvent, biomolecules in plants, and reaction time significantly influence the quality and quantity of metallic NPs synthesized via green nanotechnology. This review highlights crucial factors affecting the size and shape of metallic NPs as the overall properties of the NPs are size- and shape-dependent. Current and future research in green nano synthesis holds promise for expanding our understanding of the parameters that control the synthesis, size, and shape of NPs. Further investigation is necessary to comprehend the impact of these parameters on the synthesis of metallic NPs using plant extracts, which is considered the most sustainable approach for large-scale production.
Villari effect in FeSe1–xSx
Authors: Fil V. D. , Fil D. V. , Zvyagina G. A. , Bilych I. V. , Zhekov K. R.
Published: September 2023

Acoustoelectric transformation (occurrence of electromagnetic radiation under the action of an elastic wave) in a FeSe0.925S0.075 crystal in the presence of an external magnetic field has been studied. It is shown that the application of the magnetic field along the direction of propagation of the elastic wave leads to a rotation of the plane of polarization of the emitted electromagnetic wave. The physical mechanism is that the elastic deformation leads to the appearance of a non-diagonal component of the magnetic susceptibility and to the generation of an additional alternating magnetic moment perpendicular to the external magnetic field and to the elastic displacement. The observed features are interpreted as a manifestation of the Villari effect. A phenomenological description of the experimental results is presented. The observed effect shows that the symmetry of the low-temperature FeSe1–xSx phase belongs to the triclinic syngony.
Demodulation method of orbital angular momentum vortex wave by few fields sampled on an extremely small partial aperture in radiation region
Authors: Shi Yan , Hu Ting Ting , Meng Zan Kui , Wu Quan Wei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a demodulation method of electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been developed by using few electric fields sampled on an extremely small portion of the whole circumference in the radiation region. Considering that the field of the OAM wave is naturally of the form of exp (ilφ) in the far-field region, the matrix pencil method is used to extract the magnitude terms and the exponential terms according to the real and imaginary parts of the fields sampled on a small portion of the whole circumference, and further, the mode purities corresponding to the desirable OAM modes can be easily solved. The proposed demodulation method only uses four sampling electric fields with the sampling angle ranges of 3.3° and 9° to well demodulate the mode purities of the OAM waves with the single mode and the mixed dual-mode, respectively. The prototype of a dual uniform circular array with the equal divergent angle for the OAM waves of the modes l = 1 and l = 2 is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the simulation and the measurement is observed to verify the proposed demodulation method.
High performance germanium on silicon photodiodes for back-end-of-line photonic integration
Authors: Marzen S. , Postelnicu E. , Michel J. , Wada K. , Kimerling L. C.
Published: September 2023

Integration of near-infrared photodetectors in the back-end-of-line requires low temperature growth of Ge (<450 °C). We have fabricated high performance, vertical incidence Ge-on-Si photodiodes under thermal budget constraints with as-grown diodes achieving an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 38% and a dark current density of Jd = 272 μA/cm2 at a reverse bias of Vr = 5 V and a wavelength of λ = 1310 nm. The photodiode design incorporates a remote heterointerface, demonstrating that Ge material quality is sufficiently high for minority carriers to diffuse to the Ge/Si interface. Post-growth annealing improves device performance, including 500 °C 3 h exposure that improves IQE to 57% and Jd = 165 μA/cm2. Low-temperature grown Ge-on-Si photodiodes give comparable performance to diodes processed at high temperatures despite thermal budget constraints.
Short-wave infrared position-sensitive detector enabled by lateral diffusion of thermalized carriers in lead salts
Authors: Ma Ruihua , Cheng Zhe , Wu Shiteng , Wu Xing , Qiu Mengchun , Wang Li , Wang Qisheng
Published: September 2023

Position-sensitive detector (PSD) plays a vital role in various applications, such as motion tracking, pilotless automobile, laser radars, and precision machining. However, limited by the detection designs of the lateral photovoltaic effect and segmented sensors, the state-of-the-art PSD suffers from complicated architecture, slow response, and narrow waveband. Herein, we propose a conceptually distinct PSD operated in short-wave infrared (SWIR, 0.8–2.3 μm), an important optical communication waveband and atmosphere window, in single crystalline lead salts thin film. The SWIR PSD present self-driven (0 V bias), fast response (590 ns), and high position resolution (45.8 nm/Hz) with a position sensitivity of 257.8 mV/mm. By combining with the numerical simulation, the underlying physics of lateral thermalized carrier diffusion driven by temperature gradient is proposed to explain the ultrafast and high-resolved SWIR PSD. Finally, we demonstrate its applications in infrared target real-time tracking, indicating its great potential in infrared guidance, trajectory tracking, and microrobots.
Project-based learning in an Eigogaku course
Authors: Richards Paul
Published: September 2023

This exploratory study examines the role of project-based learning (PBL) in an Eigogaku (English linguistics) course for preservice English teachers studying at an English medium college in Japan. Three projects were designed to connect the course modules on phonetics/phonology, morphology, and syntax with language teaching applications. At the start and conclusion of the course, students completed a survey that included an open-ended question about the role of linguistics in language teaching and 29 Likert-scale response items targeting their understanding of linguistic concepts, pedagogical applications of linguistics, their beliefs and values about language teaching and learning, and learner autonomy. Responses to the open-ended question showed an increase in explanations of how linguistics can inform pedagogical practices and increase teacher agency. Responses to the Likert-scale items indicated greater understanding of linguistic concepts, pedagogical practices, and learner autonomy, but minimal change regarding beliefs about language learning and teaching. Implications for these findings and recommendations for future research on linguistics education for language teachers are discussed.
Multifaceted modes of γ-tubulin complex recruitment and microtubule nucleation at mitotic centrosomes
Authors: Zhu Zihan , Becam Isabelle , Tovey Corinne A. , Elfarkouchi Abir , Yen Eugenie C. , Bernard Fred , Guichet Antoine , Conduit Paul T.
Published: September 2023

Microtubule nucleation is mediated by γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRCs). In most eukaryotes, a GCP4/5/4/6 “core” complex promotes γ-tubulin small complex (γ-TuSC) association to generate cytosolic γ-TuRCs. Unlike γ-TuSCs, however, this core complex is non-essential in various species and absent from budding yeasts. In Drosophila, Spindle defective-2 (Spd-2) and Centrosomin (Cnn) redundantly recruit γ-tubulin complexes to mitotic centrosomes. Here, we show that Spd-2 recruits γ-TuRCs formed via the GCP4/5/4/6 core, but Cnn can recruit γ-TuSCs directly via its well-conserved CM1 domain, similar to its homologs in budding yeast. When centrosomes fail to recruit γ-tubulin complexes, they still nucleate microtubules via the TOG domain protein Mini-spindles (Msps), but these microtubules have different dynamic properties. Our data, therefore, help explain the dispensability of the GCP4/5/4/6 core and highlight the robustness of centrosomes as microtubule organizing centers. They also suggest that the dynamic properties of microtubules are influenced by how they are nucleated.
Photodiode behavior and capacitive performance of ZnO nanoflakes synthesized by electrochemical deposition
Authors: Yılmaz Mehmet , Yıldırım Fatma , Aydoğan Şakir , Kocyigit Adem
Published: September 2023

ZnO flake interlayers were fabricated by the electrochemical deposition technique on p-Si to obtain Au/ZnO/p-Si heterostructures for Schottky-type photodiode applications and to test the capacitive performance of the structures. ZnO flake structures were investigated by x-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy measurements, and their crystalline and flake-like structures were confirmed. The Au/ZnO/p-Si heterostructures were characterized by current–voltage (I–V) measurements for various illumination densities of light from dark to 150 mW cm−2. Various heterostructure parameters such as the ideality factor, barrier height, series resistance and rectifying ratio (RR) values were determined by I–V characteristics. The heterostructure exhibited a high RR of 6.85 × 103. The detection parameters revealed 0.49 mA W−1 responsivity and 2.69 × 109 Jones specific detectivity values. Furthermore, capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements were employed to obtain the capacitive behavior of the Au/ZnO/p-Si heterostructure at various frequencies. Based on these results, Au/ZnO/p-Si heterostructures have potential for photodiode applications.
Revisiting constraints on the photon rest mass with cosmological fast radio bursts
Authors: Wang Bao , Wei Jun-Jie , Wu Xue-Feng , López-Corredoira Martín
Published: September 2023

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been suggested as an excellent celestial laboratory for testing the
zero-mass hypothesis of the photon. In this work, we use the dispersion measure (DM)–redshift
measurements of 23 localized FRBs to revisit the photon rest mass mγ
. As an improvement
over previous studies, here we take into account the more realistic probability distributions of DMs
contributed by the FRB host galaxy and intergalactic medium (IGM) from the IllustrisTNG simulation.
To better account for the systematic uncertainty induced by the choices of priors of cosmological
parameters, we also combine the FRB data with the cosmic microwave background data, the baryon
acoustic oscillation data, and type Ia supernova data to constrain the cosmological parameters
and mγ
simultaneously. We derive a new upper limit of mγ
≤ 3.8 × 10-51 kg,
or equivalently mγ
≤ 2.1 × 10-15 eV/c2 (mγ
≤ 7.2 × 10-51 kg,
or equivalently mγ
≤ 4.0 × 10-15 eV/c2) at 1σ (2σ) confidence level.
Meanwhile, our analysis can also lead to a reasonable estimation for the IGM baryon
fraction f
IGM = 0.873+0.061
-0.050. With the number increment of localized FRBs,
the constraints on both mγ
and f
IGM will be further improved.
A caveat of constraining mγ
within the context of the standard ΛCDM
cosmological model is also discussed.
Focus on global–local–global analysis of sustainability
Authors: Hertel Thomas W , Irwin Elena , Polasky Stephen , Ramankutty Navin
Published: September 2023

This special issue is the outcome of a workshop held at Purdue University in April 2022. It comprises thematic syntheses of five overarching dimensions of the Global-to-Local-to-Global (GLG) challenge to ensuring the long-term sustainability of land and water resources. These thematic dimensions include: climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity, governance, water resources and cyberinfrastructure. In addition, there are eight applications of GLG analysis to specific land and water sustainability challenges, ranging from environmental stress in the Amazon River Basin to groundwater depletion in the United States. Based on these papers, we conclude that, without fine-scale, local analysis, interventions focusing on land and water sustainability will likely be misguided. But formulating such policies without the broader, national/global context is also problematic – both from the point of view of the global drivers of local sustainability stresses, as well as to capture unanticipated spillovers. In addition, because local and global systems are connected to – and mediated by – meso-scale processes, accounting for key meso-scale phenomena, such as labor market functioning, is critical for characterizing GLG interactions. We also conclude that there is great scope for increasing the complexity of GLG analysis in future work. However, this carries significant risks. Increased complexity can outstrip data and modeling capabilities, slow down research, make results more difficult to understand and interpret, and complicate effective communication with decision-makers and other users of the analyses. We believe that research guidance regarding appropriate complexity is a high priority in the emerging field of Global-Local-Global analysis of sustainability.
Effects of surface modified recycled coarse aggregates on concrete’s mechanical characteristics
Authors: Panghal Harish , Kumar Awadhesh
Published: September 2023

Sustainable concrete using recycled coarse aggregates from construction and demolition waste is gaining popularity in the construction industry, but has poor mechanical characteristics due to old cement mortar adhering to aggregate surfaces. This study uses two processes (abrasion treatment and cement slurry treatment) to modify the surface of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) to minimize the strength loss of RCA and enhance the bonding properties of the concrete matrix and RCA. Surface-modified RCA replaced coarse aggregates in varying percentages, ranging from 0 to 100% in 25% increments. To comprehend the effects of surface-modified RCA, the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, microstructural characteristics (XRD, SEM, and EDAX), and modulus of elasticity of concrete are evaluated. Surface-modified RCA improves concrete’s mechanical characteristics, but abrasion-treated RCA has significantly greater strength than reference concrete up to 50% replacement level, while cement slurry treatment has slightly lower strength. Test findings reveal that among all the two processes of surface modifications of RCA, abrasion treatment is more effective and efficient. At 100% replacement level, surface-modified RCA by abrasion treatment reduces compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength by 10.89%, 10.42%, and 09.92% compared to reference concrete, while surface-modified RCA by cement slurry treatment reduces these values by 14.80%, 13.27%, and 12.76%. Surface modifications improve bonding properties of RCA and cement matrix, reducing porosity and resulting in dense and strong ITZs compared to unmodified RCA.
Molecular dynamics simulation study on impact of interface chemistry on pearlite mechanical response
Authors: Zhang Haichao , Chen Yinli , Sun Yanhui
Published: September 2023

The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method was adopted to explore impact of interface chemistry on pearlite mechanical response of Bagaryatskii orientation relationship between ferrite and cementite. By changing terminal surface types of cementite at ferrite-cementite interface, this study analyzed influence of interface chemistry on pearlite peak stress and plastic deformation behavior, as well as strain transmission between two phases (ferrite and cementite) during stretching process. Two horizontal directions parallel to pearlite interface were considered as loading directions respectively. The results show pearlite will experience inelastic deformation due to atomic slip in ferrite phase. When terminal surface of cementite at interface is FeC-Fe, the atomic slip in ferrite is the most difficult to occur, and inelastic deformation shall be suppressed. At this time, pearlite produces the largest peak stress. Types of terminal surface and loading direction will affect slip systems activated in ferrite. Stretching along

100

θ

direction: for pearlite with Fe-FeC and Fe-Fe cementite terminal surfaces at interface, S1 ({112} 〈111〉) slip system in ferrite is activated. While terminal surface is FeC-Fe pearlite, what is activated is S2 slip system ({110} 〈111〉) in ferrite. Stretching along

0
1
0

θ

direction: regardless of types of terminal surface, slip systems activated are Type S2. Compared with S1 slip system, activation of S2 slip system makes is easier for plastic deformation in ferrite to pass through ferrite-cementite interface to the cementite.
Constructing C*-diagonals in AH-algebras
Authors: Li Xin , Raad Ali
Published: September 2023

We construct Cartan subalgebras and hence groupoid models for classes of AH-algebras. Our results cover all AH-algebras whose building blocks have base spaces of dimension at most one as well as Villadsen algebras, and thus go beyond classifiable simple C*-algebras.
Model-Based Assessment of the Reference Values of CAVI in Healthy Russian Population and Benchmarking With CAVI0
Authors: Safronova Tatiana , Kravtsova Anna , Vavilov Sergei , Leon Cristina , Bragina Anna , Milyagin Victor , Makiev Ruslan , Sumin Alexei , Peskov Kirill , Sokolov Victor , Podzolkov Valery
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and its modified version (CAVI0) are promising non-invasive markers of arterial stiffness, extensively evaluated primarily in the Japanese population. In this work, we performed a model-based analysis of the association between different population characteristics and CAVI or CAVI0 values in healthy Russian subjects and propose a tool for calculating the range of reference values for both types of indices.

METHODS

The analysis was based on the data from 742 healthy volunteers (mean age 30.4 years; 73.45% men) collected from a multicenter observational study. Basic statistical analysis [analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation (r), significance tests] and multivariable linear regression were performed in R software (version 4.0.2). Tested covariates included age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, and heart rate (HR).

RESULTS

No statistically significant difference between healthy men and women were observed for CAVI and CAVI0. In contrast, both indices were positively associated with age (r = 0.49 and r = 0.43, P < 0.001), however, with no clear distinction between subjects of 20–30 and 30–40 years old. Heart rate and blood pressure were also identified as statistically significant predictors following multiple linear regression modeling, but with marginal clinical significance. Finally, the algorithm for the calculation of the expected ranges of CAVI in healthy population was proposed, for a given age category, HR and pulse pressure (PP) values.

CONCLUSIONS

We have evaluated the quantitative association between various population characteristics, CAVI, and CAVI0 values and established a method for estimating the subject-level reference CAVI and CAVI0 measurements.
Analysing educational scientific collaboration through multilayer networks: patterns, impact and network generation model
Authors: Chen Shenwen , Wang Yisen , Liu Ziquan , Du Wenbo , Zheng Lei , Liu Runran
Published: September 2023

Scientific collaboration is an essential aspect of the educational field, offering significant reference value in resource sharing and policy making. With the increasing diversity and inter-disciplinary nature of educational research, understanding scientific collaboration within and between various subfields is crucial for its development. This article employs topic modelling to extract educational research topics from publication metadata obtained from 265 scientific journals spanning the period from 2000 to 2021. We construct a multilayer co-authorship network whose layers represent the scientific collaboration in different subfields. The topological properties of the layers are compared, highlighting the differences and common features of scientific collaboration between hot and cold topics, with the main difference being the existence of a significant largest connected component. Further, the cross-layer cooperation behaviour is investigated by studying the structural measures of the multilayer network and reveals authors’ inclination to collaborate with familiar individuals in familiar subfields. Moreover, the relationships between the authors’ features on the network topology and their H-index are investigated. The results emphasize the significance of establishing a clear research direction to enhance the academic reputation of authors, as well as the importance of cross-layer collaboration for expanding their research groups. Finally, based on the above results, we propose a multilayer network generation model of scientific collaboration and verify its validity.