bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efek Proteksi dari Terapi Oksigen Hiperbarik terhadap Ekspresi Bcl-2 Miometrium Rattus norvegicus Bunting yang Terinfeksi oleh Tachyzoite Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Nurdianto Arif Rahman , Aryati Aryati , Suryokusumo Mohammad Guritno , Mufasirin Mufasirin
Published: February 2021

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) can increase oxygen delivery to tissues and stimulate the formation of H2O2 as a secondary messenger for phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) which plays an important role in the transcription of the anti apoptotic gene. This study aimed to determine the effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in enhancing the expressions of Bcl-2 in the myometrium of pregnant rats infected by Toxoplasma gondii. This study was an experimental study with a randomized control group of post-test only and designed by 37 pregnant Rattus norvegicus Sprague Dawley. Randomly, the rats were divided into four groups. Group A is infected pregnant rats that exposed by 10 sessions of HBOT 2.4 ATA in 3x30 minutes. Group B is non-infected pregnant rats and exposed by 10 sessions of HBOT 2.4 ATA in 3x30 minutes. Group C is infected pregnant rats without any exposure. Group D is non-infected pregnant rats without any exposure. Each infected pregnant rat was given a 103 tachyzoite of T.gondii by intraperitoneal injection. Bcl-2 expressions were measured through immunohistochemistry. All data were analyzed using ANOVA test through SPSS 21 program application. There was a significant difference in Bcl-2 expression between Group A and Group C because p<α (p<0.017). HBOT can increase the expression of Bcl-2 from infected and not infected rat myometrium, in the provision of HBOT 2.4 ATA for 3x30 minutes, twice a day for 5 days.
Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitas Metode KOH 20% + Tinta Parker Blue Black Dibandingkan dengan KOH 20% pada Dermatomikosis Superfisialis
Authors: Ramadhani Firda Ulfa , Ratnasari Diana Tri Ratnasari , Masfufatun Masfufatun
Published: February 2021

Superficial dermatomycosis is a fungal infection of the skin, nail and hair. Based on the pathogen, this infection can be divided into dermatophytosis, phytiriasis versicolor and candidiasis. The rapid diagnosis for this infection is the key point to deliver the right theraphy. The supporting investigation for this infection can be performed directly using KOH. The KOH 20% solution has an indistict color contrast, that cause the fungal element seemed transparent. The observant expertise would be required for this case. The alternative method to enhance sensitivity and specificity of KOH is to add dyes such as Blue Black parker ink. The objectives of this research was to observe the sensitivity and specificity of KOH 20% + blue black parker ink in comparisson with KOH 20% method in superficial dermatomycosis. The research method was cross sectional design analitical obsevation with 30 research subjects. The samples were taken from superficial dermatomycosis lesion swabs. These samples were tested using KOH 20% solution and KOH 20% + blue black parker ink solution in Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Hospital, Sepanjang and dr. Makmuri Clinics, Surabaya. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity of KOH 20% solution and KOH 20% + blue black parker ink solution were 86.67% and 93.33%, respectively. The specificity of KOH 20% solution and KOH 20% + blue black parker ink solution were 100% and 100%, respectively. It can be concluded from the research that KOH 20% + blue black parker ink solution can be used for the routine diagnosis for superficial dermatomycosis due to the high sensitivity and specificity.
Menelaah Budaya Literasi Tokoh-Tokoh Bersejarah di Indonesia
Authors: Wicaksono M. Fikriansyah , Agustiani Dilla Hardina , Artika Ekis Era , Adellia Yolanda
Published: February 2021

Literasi yaitu kemampuan membaca, menulis, & berpikir kritis. Literasi mampu membentuk pemikiran kritis pada masyarakat, melahirkan sifat cerdas dan kreatif serta memiliki daya saing tinggi. Literasi juga diartikan sebagai kemampuan dalam menemukan berbagai macam gagasan yang bermanfaat untuk diri sendiri maupun orang lain. Penelitian yang berjudul Menelaah Budaya Literasi Tokoh-tokoh Bersejarah di Indonesia memperoleh sumber data melalui studi pustaka berupa jurnal, artikel, dan buku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui lebih dalam budaya literasi tokoh-tokoh pendiri bangsa dengan melihat fenomena literasi yang ada pada zaman dulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa kualitatif deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa literasi pada zaman dulu dan zaman sekarang amat berbeda. Hal ini dikarenakan generasi zaman sekarang lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh gawai dan TV dalam kegiatan sehari-harinya. Sementara pada zaman dulu, masyarakat lebih sering mengisi waktu luang dengan membaca dan mengimbanginya dengan kegiatan menulis. Hal ini bisa kita tahu melalui studi literatur terkait budaya literasi tokoh-tokoh bersejarah di Indonesia. Bahkan bagi generasi terdahulu, kegiatan berliterasi sudah menjadi budaya yang tidak bisa lepas dari kegiatan sehari-hari. Maka dengan berkaca dari kegiatan literasi para tokoh terdahulu, diharapkan generasi penerus bangsa dapat mengambil sisi positif tersebut dan menjadikannya sebagai budaya di kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata kunci: budaya, literasi, tokoh bersejarah.
PENGARUH PELAYANAN PERPUSTAKAAN TERHADAP MINAT BACA SISWA SD
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of library services on elementary school students 'reading interest and how its significance. This research method uses quantitative methods with the "product moment" correlation type. The population in this study were all students of SDN Teja Barat 1 Pamekasan which are 197 students totally. The sample in this study was 60 students taken by random sampling. The size of sample is 60 students. Data collection was collected by questionnaires and interviews. Analysis of research data used "product moment" correlation analysis, which library services as the independent variable and elementary school students' reading interest as the dependent variable.The results of the study showed that: (1) There is an effect of library services on students' reading interest. It showed from the results of data analysis, that the value of "r" count 0.640 is greater than "r" table of product moment, weather in the 5% confidence interval = 0.254 or 1% = 0.330. (2) The library services influences the students' reading interest a significance contribution, that is 40.96% and the remaining 59.04% was influenced by other factors. So the increase of library services, also increasing the students' reading interest.
PELATIHAN TEKNIS PEMELIHARAAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK ALTERNATIF PLTS DAN PLTMH DI KECAMATAN BULANGO ULU KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO, GORONTALO
Authors: Djamalu Yunita , Liputo Burhan , Antu Evi Sunarti
Published: February 2021

Desa Pilolayeha dan desa Suka Makmur telah memiliki pembangkit listrik alternatif seperti PLTS dan PLTMH. Pembangkit ini memanfaatkan energi matahari dan energi air sebagai sumber pembangkitdaya listrik yang digunakan warga dua desa tersebut untuk berbagai aktivitas kebutuhan.Persoalannya adalah aspek konsevasi dan pemeliharaan sistem pembangkit secara teknis belumdipahami masyarakat sehingga kepedulian untuk melakukan kegiatan dimaksud baik secara personalmaupun bersama belum dilakukan. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada eksistensi operasi dan pemeliharaansistem pembangkit yang selama masih mengandalkan intervensi pemerintah daerah setempat. Solusipersoalannya adalah pembinaan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat pemberdayaan pengelolaansistem pembangkit PLTS dan PLTMH melalui pelatihan praktis. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepadaMasyarakat (PkM) dimaksudkan untuk solusi-solusi tersebut. Kegiatan PkM ini dilaksanakan melaluibeberapa tahapan, yaitu survei kondisi desa, koordinasi pemerintah desa, sosialisasi pendahuluan,sosialisasi pelaksanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan dan pelatihan. Berdasarkan hasil PkM diperolehhasil bahwa masyarakat secara umum telah mengetahui dan memahami bagaimana seharusnyapengelolaan sistem pembangkit listrik alternatif tersebut.
SKIN TEARS IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Spin Mayara , Vocci Marcelli Cristine , Sardeli Kyara Marcondes , Serafim Clarita Terra Rodrigues , Velozo Bruna Cristina , Popim Regina Célia , Castro Meire Cristina Novelli e
Published: February 2021

Objectives: to identify in the scientific literature the knowledge produced about skin tears injuries in the elderly. Methods: it is an integrative literature review (2014-2019), carried out by searching the databases/platforms National Library of Medicine, Biomedical Answers and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, with descriptors and the Boolean operators “and” and “or ”. Results: from the bibliographic search, selection and analysis, eight articles made up the sample. For skin tears injuries in the elderly, four pillars of care emerged: maintenance of organic and tissue homeostasis with a focus on proper nutrition and hydration; avoid trauma to senile skin, providing a safe environment with suitable devices; and the systematization of health care and education for elderly skin care. Conclusion: as prevention mechanisms, primary prevention is achieved through a unique care plan and health education activities, focused on risk factors and vulnerabilities, minimizing damage and complications.
LESÃO POR FRICÇÃO EM IDOSOS
Authors: Spin Mayara , Vocci Marcelli Cristine , Sardeli Kyara Marcondes , Serafim Clarita Terra Rodrigues , Velozo Bruna Cristina , Popim Regina Célia , Castro Meire Cristina Novelli e
Published: February 2021

Objetivos:identificar na literatura científica o conhecimento produzido sobre lesões por fricção em idosos. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura (2014-2019), realizada a partir de busca nas bases de dados/plataformas National Library of Medicine, Biomedical Answers e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com descritores e os operadores booleanos “and” e “or”. Resultados: a partir da busca bibliográfica, seleção e análise, oito artigos compuseram a amostra. Para lesão por fricção em idosos emergiram quatro pilares do cuidado: manutenção da homeostase orgânica e tissular com foco na nutrição e hidratação apropriada; evitar traumas na pele senil, proporcionando um ambiente seguro com dispositivos adequados; e a sistematização da assistência e educação em saúde do cuidado com a pele do idoso. Conclusão: como mecanismos de prevenção, encontram-se a realização da prevenção primária por meio de um plano de cuidados singular e as atividades de educação em saúde, focadas nos fatores de risco e nas vulnerabilidades, minimizando danos e complicações
Hubungan Motivasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Pada Materi Kalkulus dan Aljabar di Kelas XI IPA SMA
Authors: Syafii Mohamad
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi belajar matematika peserta didik terhadap hasil belajar matematika peserta didik. Penelitian merupakan penelitian korelasi. Populasi terjangkau pada penelitian ini diambil berdasarkan nilai UNBK pada tahun 2018/2019 di daerah Jakarta Timur. Adapun sampel pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik dari XI MIPA D SMAN 105 Jakarta (sampel 1), XI IPA 2 MAN 2 Jakarta (sampel 2), dan XI IPA 3 SMA Budhi Warman 2 Jakarta (sampel 3). Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji regresi linier sederhana untuk mengetahui signifikansi korelasi antara motivasi belajar matematika siswa dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara motivasi belajar matematika peserta didik terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi yang didapatkan pada setiap kelas yang dijadikan sampel penelitian. Nilai koefisien korelasi pada sampel rxy = 0,945 dengan koefisien determinasi 89,4 %, Nilai koefisien korelasi pada sampel 2 rxy = 0,963 dengan koefisien determinasi 92,8 %, sedangkan pada sampel 3 diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi rxy = 0,857 dengan koefisien determinasi 73,4 %. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan positif antara motivasi belajar matematika peserta didik terhadap hasil belajar matematika.
Quotation Accuracy Matters: An Examination of How an Influential Meta-Analysis on Active Learning Has Been Cited
Authors: Martella Amedee Marchand , Yatcilla Jane Kinkus , Martella Ronald C. , Marchand-Martella Nancy E. , Ozen Zafer , Karatas Tugce , Park Helen H. , Simpson Alexandra , Karpicke Jeffrey D.
Published: February 2021

When previous research is cited incorrectly, misinformation can infiltrate scientific discourse and undermine scholarly knowledge. One of the more damaging citation issues involves incorrectly citing article content (called quotation errors); therefore, investigating quotation accuracy is an important research endeavor. One field where quotation accuracy is needed is in the learning sciences given its impact on pedagogy. An integral article in pedagogical discussions surrounding how to teach at the college level is the meta-analysis on active learning by Freeman et al. The Freeman et al. meta-analysis compared active learning to traditional lecture in terms of its effects on student learning and has been important in national initiatives on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) reform. Given its influence coupled with the impact quotation errors could have in scientific discourse, we used citation context analysis to analyze whether assertions in the citing text that related to the efficacy of lecture and active learning were supported by what was explicitly stated in the cited meta-analysis. Assertions were analyzed under supported, unsupported, or irrelevant for purposes of study categories. The most prevalent supported category related to active learning being more effective than lecture; the most prevalent unsupported category related to the effectiveness of specific activities/approaches other than the general approach of active learning. Overall, the percentage of supported assertions was 47.67%, and the percentage of unsupported assertions was 26.01%. Furthermore, the percentage of articles containing at least one unsupported assertion was 34.77%. Proactive measures are needed to reduce the incidence of quotation errors to ensure robust scientific integrity.
Occupational diseases of health care workers from exposure to infectious agents: the current state of the problem
Authors: Garipova Railya V. , Strizhakov Leonid A. , Umbetova Karina T. , Safina Kadriya R.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Infectious diseases occupy a leading place in the structure of occupational diseases (OD) of health care workers (HCW). If until 2020, the main OD from exposure to a biological factor were tuberculosis and viral hepatitis (VH), then in 2020 the world faced another infectious disease of professional etiology - infection of health workers with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The aim of the study is to identify problematic issues in establishing the connection of an infectious disease with a profession in health care workers. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of cases of occupational diseases was applied according to the data of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor for the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the register of patients of the Republican Center of Occupational Pathology. Results. Among the health care workers of the Republic of Tatarstan, mainly occupational infectious diseases are diagnosed (88.9%). Tuberculosis is the most common occupational disease among health care workers of the Republic of Tatarstan, accounting for 68.4%, and viral hepatitis accounts for 20.5%. In 2020, the most common OD from biological factors in the health care workers of RT was infection COVID-19. Conclusions. Currently, the most common disease of infectious genesis in health care workers is a new coronavirus infection. For a high-quality examination of the connection of an infectious disease with a profession, the list of documents must include a card of epidemiological examination, which must be filled in by an epidemiologist not after establishing the connection of the disease with the profession, but in parallel with the preparation of a sanitary and hygienic characteristic (SGC) of working conditions.
Treating patients with a new coronavirus infection in the clinic of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health
Authors: Bukhtiyarov Igor V. , Kuzmina Lyudmila P. , Pfaf Viktor F. , Tsidilkovskaya Elvira S.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. To comply with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education and Science, the clinic of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health received the necessary conditions for the provision of medical care to patients with a new coronavirus infection. The study aims to identify possible criteria for the positive dynamics of pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and to describe the general characteristics of patients hospitalized in the COVID center of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health. Materials and methods. The article describes the clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data of 68 patients with pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus hospitalized to continue treatment. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics. The significance level was less than 0.05. Results. The COVID-center received patients with complaints of shortness of breath on exertion, an unproductive cough, general weakness, myalgias, headaches, and an impaired sense of smell and taste. The condition of the patients was moderate. O2 saturation in ambient air was 93% and higher. Computed tomography of the chest revealed lesions of the lung tissue (numerous peripheral seals of the "frosted glass" type of various shapes and lengths with areas of consolidation), mainly corresponding to bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia CT 1-2 degrees. The most frequent changes in laboratory parameters in patients were increased values of ESR (51.16% of cases), D-dimer (50% of cases), CRP (22.06% of cases), relative values of monocytes (58.14% of cases), as well as low hemoglobin concentrations (23% of cases). Conclusions. In patients with a new coronavirus infection hospitalized to continue treatment in the COVID center of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, lung tissue lesions were detected, mainly corresponding to the moderate-severe form of bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia (CT of the 1-2 degree). The most frequent changes in laboratory parameters in patients with COVID-19 were increased ESR values, D-dimer, CRP, relative values of monocytes, and low hemoglobin concentrations. Monocytes, being one of the indicators of activation of the immune defense, are a laboratory criterion for the positive dynamics of the course of new coronavirus infection.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers and prevention measures
Authors: Shulakova Nadezhda I. , Tutelyan Aleksey V. , Kvasova Olga A. , Akimkin Vasiliy G. , Konyukhov Alexander V.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Currently, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 among healthcare workers continues to increase both in Russia and in other countries. Due to their professional activities' specifics, medical workers - frequent contact with sick people are most at risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. The study aims to research the risk factors for infection of medical workers with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent infection and the spread of COVID-19 in medical institutions, considering the use of personal protective equipment. Materials and methods. Specialists of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor conducted an anonymous questionnaire with the subsequent analysis of the results obtained to study and assess risk factors for infection of SARS-CoV-2 medical workers, their attitude to the use of personal protective equipment, non-specific prophylaxis. Results. The authors present a literature review on the problem of infection and morbidity of COVID-19 medical workers, who are known to be at high risk of infection due to frequent contact with the sick. We analyzed data that exposure to higher concentrations of the virus, especially from critically ill patients, can affect the disease's severity in health care workers. The authors conducted an anonymous survey to study the risk factors for infection of health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 and their attitude to the use of personal protective equipment. Based on the obtained data, identified the main ways of infection of medical staff, options of the disease, and their severity, and revealed that providers responsible for selecting and using PPE. Conclusion. Assessing potential risk factors for the spread of coronavirus infection among healthcare workers is essential to prevent healthcare workers' infection and the spread of COVID-19 in healthcare settings.
Experience in fighting with COVID-19 in Management Company "Metalloinvest"
Authors: Salnikov Andrey A.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The problem of effectively countering the COVID-19 pandemic is particularly acute for companies with a continuous production cycle, which include metallurgical enterprises. The plan of anti-epidemic measures developed by the operational headquarters of "Metalloinvest" includes three blocks: measures to prevent infection and prevent the spread of coronavirus infection; measures to improve the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. The medical staff of corporate medical organizations and health protection groups at the company's enterprises implement a set of anti-epidemic measures daily. There are situation centers that provide organizational and advisory assistance to patients, and contact centers that inform employees about issues related to COVID-19. We are successfully implementing the program of corporate volunteering and social partnership. In terms of the protection of employees and their families, a large-scale program was launched to support state medical institutions in the areas of presence, providing for the retrofitting of high-tech medical equipment (computer tomographs, artificial lung ventilation devices, blood gas analyzers, oxygen concentrators, specialized vehicles), as well as the supply of personal protective equipment and disinfection for medical personnel, medicines. Thanks to the measures taken, "Metalloinvest" managed to maintain a stable production operation, ensure prompt monitoring of the health status of employees, and reduce the incidence of COVID-19. In total, from March to December 2020, 2,934 cases of COVID-19 and pneumonia were detected in employees, 17 deaths were confirmed, 20,889 tests and 1,644 CT scans of the lungs were performed. The number of employees in "Metalloinvest" with a diagnosis of coronavirus infection and pneumonia is less than 0.3% of all employees, which is almost 4 times lower than among residents of the regions where they operate.
Internal freedom as a value basis for the development of future psychologists' leadership skills
Authors:   State Higher Educational Institution «University of Educational Management» of National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Chausova Tetiana
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The problem of development of future psychologists' internal freedom and leadership qualities as their key features has grown in importance in today's conditions. Aim: to study the features of internal freedom as a value basis for the development of future psychologists' leadership skills in general and in higher education institutions of various forms of ownership in particular. Methods. Questionnaires and mathematical statistics. Results. Future psychologists' inner freedom and leadership potential are quite weak. There are associations between future psychologists' inner freedom and their leadership potential in general and the ownership type of their higher education institution. Conclusions. The obtained results can be used in future psychologists' leadership qualities development training in higher education institutions.
Training Program "Psychology of the Commercial Organization Staff's Attitude Towards Money"
Authors:   G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the NAES of Ukraine, Parshak Olexander
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Commercial organizations' efficiency can be improved, among other ways, through the formation of staff's harmonious attitude towards money and staff's active participation in the development and implementation of the organization's monetary policies. Aim: to develop the content and design of the training program for the formation of commercial organization staff's harmonious attitude towards money. Methods. The technological approach by L. Karamushka and a number of interactive techniques (unfinished sentences, "brainstorming", small-group work, group discussions, role-playing games, work with Internet resources, psychological workshops, creative homework, etc.) aimed at organizing trainees' joint activities and communication. Results. The author has proposed a 56-hour-long training program "Psychology of the Commercial Organization Staff's Attitude Towards Money", which includes the following five training sessions: "The Concept of Money and Their Role in Commercial Organization Staff's Life", "The Impact of the Commercial Organization Staff's Organizational and Psychological Characteristics on Staffs' Attitudes towards Money", "The Commercial Organizations' Organizational and Psychological Characteristics that Affect Commercial Organization Staff's Attitudes towards Money", "Commercial Organizations' Monetary Policy: it Content and Organizational and Psychological Problems", "The Main Directions of Commercial Organizations' Monetary Policies." Conclusions. The proposed training program can be used for commercial organization staff's psychological training as well as in shaping and pursuing monetary policies of commercial organizations.
Makalah volume tabung Rani patty
Authors: patty Rani
Published: February 2021

Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat untuk kita semua
CDKN2D (INK4D) is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2D, CDKN2D, also known as INK4D, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that CDKN2D was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. CDKN2D mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of CDKN2D in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of CDKN2D expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
CD69 is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that cluster of differentiation 69, CD69, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that CD69 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. CD69 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of CD69 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, more significantly in lymph node negative patients than in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of CD69 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Injector and Combustion Chamber Design for a Nitrous Oxide and Ethanol Rocket Engine
Authors: Tavares Guilherme Castrignano , Ceotto Giovani
Published: February 2021

This report presents the basic design of a rocket engine injector and combustion chamber for saturated nitrous oxide and liquid ethanol, as well as details of the construction and operation of the engine in which the injectors will be used. At first, an oxidant-fuel mixture is selected based on a thermochemical analysis that explores several existing options and other combinations that have not yet been studied. As a result, nitrous oxide is chosen as an oxidant and ethanol as fuel. Then a simplified methodology is proposed for the design of a pressure-swirl injector responsible for ethanol. Computational fluid dynamics is used to verify the validity of the above-mentioned analysis, using Volume of Fluid (VOF). For the nitrous oxide injector, the flash-boiling phenomenon is investigated, verifying its importance for the ongoing project. The effect is treated analytically using the Dyer model to account for non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Simplified zero-dimensional and one-dimensional combustion models are explored as tools to design the rocket combustion chamber. Furthermore, combustion instability due to acoustic phenomena is studied, with the first spinning tangential mode being computed for the herein developed motor and an ensemble of acoustic cavities being developed to suppress the aforementioned mode. Finally, a preliminary diagram of the static test bench which will be used to validate the injectors and the designed engine is also presented.
Age of Information in an URLLC-enabled Decode-and-Forward Wireless Communication System
Authors: Basnayaka Chathuranga M. Wijerathna
Published: February 2021

Age of Information (AoI) measures the freshness ofdata in mission critical Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications i.e.,industrial internet, intelligent transportation systems etc. In thispaper, a new system model is proposed to estimate the averageAoI (AAoI) in an ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC) enabled wireless communication system with decodeand-forward relay scheme over the quasi-static Rayleigh blockfading channels. Short packet communication scheme is used tomeet both reliability and latency requirements of the proposedwireless network. By resorting finite block length informationtheory, queuing theory and stochastic processes, a closed-formexpression for AAoI is obtained. Finally, the impact of the systemparameters, such as update generation rate, block length andblock length allocation factor on the AAoI are investigated. Allresults are validated by the numerical results
From Toad to Frog, a CT-based Reconsideration of Bufo servatus , an Eocene Anuran mummy from Quercy (France)
Authors: Lemierre Alfred , Folie Annelise , Bailon Salvador , Robin Ninon , Laurin Michel
Published: February 2021

In the XIXth century, natural mummies of amphibians were discovered inthe Quercy Phosphorites. The specific collection site was never formally reported, whichhampers precise dating of these specimens. Still, the name Bufo servatus was erected based onthe external morphology of one of the mummified specimen.A tomography of similarly preserved specimen revealed a preserved skeleton, softtissuesand gut contents. We analyze here the holotype of Bufo servatus using CT-scanning inorder to investigate its potentially preserved internal features. Like the previous specimen, asubcomplete articulated skeleton was identified in the B. servatus holotype. Surprisingly, thisskeleton is almost identical to that of Thaumastosaurus gezei, an Eocene anuran from WesternEurope to which other specimens from this mummy series were previously assigned. The fewdifferences between the specimen skeletons highlight ontogenetic and intraspecific variations,making T. gezei a junior synonym of B. servatus and creating the new combinationThaumastosaurus servatus. Given its association with previously described Quercyspecimens, this redescribed anuran is probably from the same time interval as T. gezei.Previous phylogenetic analyses assigned T. servatus to Ranoides, with natatanuranaffinities. Using data from this newly described specimen, we tested here further itstaxonomic affinities. Our analyses confirm this position, and formally identify T. servatus as aNatatanuran member of Pyxicephalidae (currently endemic of Equatorial Africa) and moreprecisely, a stem-Pyxicephalinae. This result confirms the origin of Thaumastosaurus, amember of the African herpetofauna occupying Western Europe before the Grande Coupureat the Eocene/Oligocene transition.
Can holistic school readiness evaluations predict academic achievement and special educational needs status? Evidence from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile
Authors: Atkinson Amy Louise , Hill Liam , Pettinger Katherine , Wright John , Hart Anthony , Dickerson Josie , Mon-Williams Mark
Published: February 2021

This study examined the predictive validity of holistic school readiness evaluations using the ‘good level of development’ outcome from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (EYFSP). The EYFSP assesses a range of abilities at school entry including academic, language, socio-emotional, and motor skills. In particular, we examined whether the assessment predicted reading, writing, maths, and science ability two years later and future special educational needs (SEN) status (N=3,739-5,768). Children who reached a good level of development had higher odds of performing at expected (vs. below expected) levels on later academic assessments. This was particularly true for children with SEN. Reaching a good level of development also increased the odds of performing at above expected (vs. expected) levels on the academic assessments and lowered the odds of requiring SEN support. This demonstrates that holistic school readiness evaluations are powerful tools that can identify ‘at risk’ children.
Communicate Hope to Motivate the Public During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Petersen Michael Bang , Christiansen Lasse Engbo , Bor Alexander , Lindholt Marie Fly , Jørgensen Frederik Juhl , Adler-Nissen Rebecca , Roepstorff Andreas , Lehmann Sune
Published: February 2021

How should health authorities communicate to motivate the public to comply with health advice during a prolonged health crisis such as a pandemic? During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, for example, people have had to comply with successive restrictions as the world faced multiple races between controlling new waves of the virus and the development and implementation of vaccines. Here, we examine how health authorities and governments most effectively motivate the public by focusing on a specific race: between the Alpha variant and the implementation of the first generation of COVID-19 vaccinations in the winter of 2021. Following prior research on crisis communication, we focus on appeals to fear and hope using communicative aids in the form of visualizations based on epidemiological modelling. Using a population-based experiment conducted in United States (N = 3,022), we demonstrate that a hope-oriented visual communication aid, depicting the competing effects on the epidemic curve of (1) the more infectious variant and (2) vaccinations, motivates public action more effectively than a fear-oriented visual communication, focusing exclusively on the threat of the new variant. The importance of the implementation of such hope-oriented messages is further highlighted by cross-national representative surveys from eight countries (N = 3,995), which demonstrate that feelings of fear towards the Alpha variant alone were insufficient to activate strong compliance in isolation. Overall, these findings provide general insights into the importance of hope as a health communication strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
You get what you deserve! Reactance, greed and altruism in the dictator game with offer suggestions by the receiver
Authors: Rodrigues Johannes , Caporale Linda , Euen Isabel , Schäfer Simeon , Schneider Britta , Hewig Johannes
Published: February 2021

Offers in the Dictator game are considered altruistic behavior. Indicators of the need of the receiver like income or a specific request of the receiver influence proposers’ decisions, along with traits such as greed and altruism. We investigated the combination of these influences in 140 participants. A higher need by the receiver led to higher offers up to equal share demands unless reactance led to lower offers for high-income receivers. Correspondingly, low-income receivers got more money than other receivers if asking for little. Trait altruism led to higher offers, while trait greed led to lower offers in above equal share requests. We found exploratory unusually high offers in our paradigm, lower offers for women and for requests in general. The present findings strengthen the concept of a “benevolent” non-harming for anyone nature of narrow altruism, while supporting the concept of greed including the possibility of getting more at the expense of others. Additionally, the role of need and reactance is shown in bargaining.
Notes on the Basic Economic Forces Affecting Interpreting
Authors: Downie Jonathan
Published: February 2021

This note discusses the general economic forces affecting the provision and availability of interpreting. it is an updated and tidied version of a blog post previously appearing on the Still Thinking blog and contains additional sources not available at the time that post was created.
Editorial Vol.5(1-2)
Authors: Acharya Sushan
Published: February 2021

Not available.
Impact of Perceived Behavioral Control on E-learning Adoption
Authors: Gayan Nayanajith D.A. , Damunupola K. A.
Published: February 2021

E-learning adoption (AEL) is a contextual phenomenon. Therefore, this research attempted to identify the association of adoption constructs and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on AEL in Sri Lankan private international schools’ context. The sample consisted of students of three leading international school chains. Respondents were selected on multi-level cluster sampling method as per provinces/districts and major cities in which these schools are in operation. Overall, 450 questionnaires were distributed and 271 completed and returned questionnaires (60%) were considered for the final data analysis. A deductive methodology and quantitative method had been followed in the research. PBC factors were identified by conducting PCA. TAM, extended by using the PBC. The empirical evidence supported the positive relationship of adoption variable and PBC variable towards AEL by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The presence of differences in AEL between the students engaged in aesthetic subjects and science subject categories were also supported by the contrast test of ANOVA. ANCOVA revealed that the covariate; age was not significantly related to the student’s AEL while the Hayes’s process for moderation analysis has confirmed the relationship between PBC and AEL is being moderated by student’s age.
Comparative Study on Physical Fitness between Indigenous and Non-indigenous Students
Authors: Chiluwal Shailandra
Published: February 2021

Physical fitness is essential for all. This is comparative cum cross-sectional study dealing with the physical fitness of students. It was conducted in the secondary schools of Lamjung district with the objective to compare the physical fitness between indigenous and non- indigenous students. Altogether 150 secondary level male students were selected as the respondents consisting 75 for each group. Five schools were selected using purposive sampling method whereas, the respondent students were selected using purposive cum random sampling method. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER) Youth Physical Fitness Test was used to compare the physical fitness of indigenous and non-indigenous students. The test battery included six test items i.e. pull-ups, sit-ups, standing broad jump, shuttle run, 50-yard dash and 600-yard run-walk. For the comparison of fitness score, mean, SD, CV and Z-test were applied. Fitness status was found better among indigenous students in comparison to non-indigenous students.
विधातात्त्विक केन्द्रीयतामा ‘गोधूलि संसार’ निबन्धको विश्लेषण
Authors: न्यौपाने नेत्रप्रसाद
Published: February 2021

आयामेली चिन्तक तथा प्रयोक्ता इन्द्रबहादुर राईद्वारा रचित ‘एउटा विचारको यात्रापथ’ कथालाई यस आलेखमा समाख्यानशास्त्रका आख्यान र अन्तर्आख्यानका आधारमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत कथाको समाख्याता ‘म’ पात्र रहेको, आख्यान र अन्तर्आख्यानका अधिकांश कार्ययोजनामा उसैको सहभागिता देखिएको, फेरीवालप्रतिको टिप्पणी र मूल्याङ्कनबाट उसको वैचारिकतामा परिवर्तन आएको र त्यसबाट आदर्शलाई पच्छ्याएर प्राकृतिकताको खोजीमा लाग्नुपर्ने दृष्टिकोणको संवाहक स्वयं समाख्याता नै भएकाले प्रस्तुत कथाको समाख्यान स्वकथनात्मक, खुला, उच्च, निकटवर्ती, पाठकमैत्री एवम् अरूका धारणाबाट भन्दा पनि स्वानुभवका आधारमा जीवनलाई हेर्ने दृष्टिकोणमा आधारित देखिन्छ ।
Roles of Cooperatives in Fish Farming Development in Chitwan and Nawalparasi Susta East Districts
Authors: Rajthala Sabina , Rai Sunila , Jha Dilip K. , Bista Jay Dev , Avento Roseanna
Published: February 2021

A study was conducted to assess the role of cooperatives in improving fish farming through a comparison of fish farmers engaged and not engaged in cooperatives. Altogether, 140 fish farmers were selected from Chitwan and Nawalparasi Susta East district, 70 from each district. Annual income from fish production and annual total income was found significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-cooperative fish farmers than cooperative fish farmers in Nawalparasi Susta East. The latter district has more fish farmers that have large-scale commercial operations. Fish farmers in cooperatives are mostly small-holders, whose production is consumed domestically. Non-cooperative fish farmers faced more (P>0.05) challenges than cooperative farmers especially in terms of seed quality and quantity.  Cooperatives were attractive for their support in saving and micro-finance schemes. The study advocates for increased support to establishment of cooperatives as they have great potential to develop fish farming sustainably and to empower their members socially and economically.
Singing patterns of the Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Linn.
Authors: Karna J. , Subba B. R. , Bhattacharya H. , Chhetry D. T.
Published: February 2021

Oriental Magpie Robin is a song bird that resides in some tropical regions of Asia. The present work was attempted to provide a detailed study of the territorial singing of this species in the area of Biratnagar (Nepal). Songs of Oriental Magpie Robin was recorded by using a digital voice recorder (Olympus VN-8700PC) for one hour without break at seven selected sites in Biratnagar. Recorded songs were converted in the form of spectrogram by using avisoft. Seven Oriental Magpie Robins, belonging to seven different study sites of Biratnagar were taken as subjects and have been abbreviated as Bird A, B, C, D, E, F and G respectively. It was very surprising that there was not even a single motif which was matching among any of the birds. Out of 1782 song samples recorded from seven individuals, 328 types of songs were identified. These songs were composed of 3 to 18 types of elements.
The Utilization Of Cocopeat As Environmentally Friendly Composite
Authors: Djiwo Soeparno , Setyawan E.Y. , Praswanto D.H , Prihatmi T.N. , Hermawan D.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to find environmentally friendly-based composite materials by utilizing natural materials that have been underutilized. The environmentally friendly composite is biodegradable which means that if it is not used it can decompose and will not affect or damage the environment. Not all natural ingredients are environmentally friendly; this depends on the application of the material. Composites made from cocopeat utilization can be applied to broad technical requirements. The maximum composite tensile strength test results were 13,473 MPa obtained in composites with 60% matrix with 40% coconut powder, shape and size using ASTM D638-3 and average impact strength 0,00994 J/mm2 obtained from composite 60% matrix with coconut powder 40 % the shape and size using ASTM D790-3, the process of using hand lay up. Adding a polyester matrix to the composite can increase the mechanical strength of the composite. On the other hand, excessive coconut powder in the mass fraction composite will reduce its mechanical strength. The observation of SEM photos in coconut powder shows the pores that can be used further to tie more matrices and able to increase the mechanical strength of the coconut powder composite.
Hospital Waste Management through Green QFD Implementation
Authors: Joegijantoro Rudy
Published: February 2021

Based on case studies conducted in various health institutions, the high production of medical waste is one proof that medical waste management is still problematic. This study examines various problems in the field of medical waste management. This study explores staff perceptions of medical waste management. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes as well as the role of health workers on medical waste management. Here we study the quality index and environmental index of two health care centers, one is a private hospital and one is a government hospital and compared these two indices with each other via a questionnaire survey. To produce more environmentally friendly services, customers, and environmental criteria must be considered during the decision-making process, and the Implementation of Green QFD (G-QFD) provides a very useful methodology to meet this goal.
Depiction of Kashmir in Media: A Corpus Assisted Study of Pakistani and Indian Newspapers
Authors: Rashid Athar , Ali Arshad , Sultan Ameer
Published: February 2021

This work deals with the use of adjectives in the depiction of Kashmir in Pakistani and Indian Newspapers. This study investigates the differences between Pakistani and Indian media with reference to the representation of the issue of Kashmir. For this purpose, a corpus of newspaper editorial articles from both Pakistani and Indian newspapers was compiled. The data was tagged with help of AntTag and was analyzed using AntConc software to see the differences between Pakistani and Indian newspapers with reference to the representation of Kashmir. The findings suggest that there is a lot of differences between Pakistani and Indian media with reference to the use of adjectives for the depiction of Kashmir. The findings also suggest that the depiction of Kashmir in both newspapers is biased and subjective.