bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Công nghệ in bê tông 3D – Định hướng phát triển và áp dụng ở Việt Nam
Authors: Thực Lưu Văn , Dũng Trần Quang , Diệu Thùy Nguyễn Thị
Published: October 2018

Công nghệ in 3D là một công nghệ hiện đại cho phép tự động sản xuất các sản phẩm với cấu trúc phức tạp trực tiếp từ mô hình 3D dưới sự hỗ trợ của máy tính. Tiềm năng ứng dụng của công nghệ này trong lĩnh vực xây dựng được đánh giá là rất lớn với mục đích cải tiến công nghệ xây dựng truyền thống, giảm nhu cầu nhân lực, tăng hiệu quả đầu tư dự án, giảm lượng rác thải và hướng tới phát triển bền vững. Bài báo sử dụng tiếp cận nghiên cứu tổng quan theo hướng định tính, nhắm tới mục đích giới thiệu công nghệ, chỉ ra tiềm năng, thách thức và phân tích những điểm nổi bật mà công nghệ này có thể thay đổi tích cực ngành xây dựng Việt Nam. Để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu, một nghiên cứu tổng quan đã được thực hiện dựa trên các bài báo khoa học được xuất bản trong tạp chí quốc tế uy tín. Qua đó, bài báo đề xuất các định hướng nghiên cứu tiếp theo nhằm thúc đẩy tính khả thi của công nghệ trong bối cảnh xây dựng Việt Nam.

Từ khóa: in bê tông 3D; kỹ thuật đắp dần; thi công tự động; công nghệ in.
Một số vấn đề xử lý số liệu lưới GPS – mặt đất trong thi công nhà siêu cao tầng
Authors: Hà Vũ Thái , Thắng Nguyễn Quang
Published: October 2018

Bài báo đề cập đến một số vấn đề khi xử lý số liệu lưới khống chế phục vụ công tác chuyển trục lên nhà siêu cao tầng. Các tác giả đã phân tích và đưa ra công thức để hiệu chỉnh ảnh hưởng độ không song song của các đường dây dọi, độ lệch dây dọi đến kết quả chiếu trục bằng máy chiếu đứng quang học. Đề xuất ứng dụng thuật toán bình sai tự do lưới không gian GPS - mặt đất để xử lý số liệu đo đạc lưới khống chế trên tầng đầu tiên của mỗi đoạn chiếu, khi sử dụng phương pháp chiếu phân đoạn trong công tác chuyển trục lên tầng nhà siêu cao tầng, có kèm theo tính toán với số liệu thực nghiệm. Việc nghiên cứu thuật toán bình sai này cả về phương diện lý thuyết và thực tiễn đã được thực hiện thành công và trình bày trong bài báo.

Từ khóa: nhà siêu cao tầng; chuyển trục lên tầng nhà; bình sai tự do lưới không gian; lưới kết hợp GPS - mặt đất.
Các yếu tố phát triển hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành công nghiệp văn hóa
Authors: Phương Thảo Phan Thị
Published: October 2018

Hiện nay ngành Công nghiệp văn hóa là một ngành công nghiệp mới nổi gắn với nền kinh tế tri thức và kinh tế số, hiện đang phát triển mạnh mẽ trên thế giới, đem lại doanh thu lợi nhuận cao, làm thay đổi cơ cấu kinh tế và tạo ra sức ảnh hưởng tới nhiều lĩnh vực khác của quốc gia. Hoạt động của ngành chủ yếu gắn với ý tưởng sáng tạo và ứng dụng khoa học công nghệ, đặc biệt là công nghệ số. Việt Nam hiện cũng đang quan tâm và định hướng phát triển lĩnh vực này thông qua các chiến lược của chính phủ và sự quan tâm cũng như nhu cầu tiêu dùng văn hóa của người dân. Tuy nhiên ngành Công nghiệp văn hóa tại Việt Nam hiện nay chỉ mới bắt đầu hình thành và còn thiếu các điều kiện để phát triển trong đó có hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành. Chính vì vậy, quy hoạch xây dựng hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành Công nghiệp văn hóa cần là nhiệm vụ cấp thiết và cần được thực hiện dựa trên cơ sở lý luận và thực tiễn phù hợp với điều kiện Việt Nam. Bài báo với đối tượng nghiên cứu là hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành công nghiệp văn hóa sẽ nghiên cứu các vấn đề thực tiễn và xu hướng trên thế giới và đưa ra quan điểm chung và nội dung của các yếu tố phát triển hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành Công nghiệp văn hóa tại Việt Nam. Phạm vi nghiên cứu là trên toàn bộ lãnh thổ Việt Nam và trong thời gian từ nay tới năm 2020, tầm nhìn tới năm 2030.Hiện nay ngành Công nghiệp văn hóa là một ngành công nghiệp mới nổi gắn với nền kinh tế tri thức và kinh tế số, hiện đang phát triển mạnh mẽ trên thế giới, đem lại doanh thu lợi nhuận cao, làm thay đổi cơ cấu kinh tế và tạo ra sức ảnh hưởng tới nhiều lĩnh vực khác của quốc gia. Hoạt động của ngành chủ yếu gắn với ý tưởng sáng tạo và ứng dụng khoa học công nghệ, đặc biệt là công nghệ số. Việt Nam hiện cũng đang quan tâm và định hướng phát triển lĩnh vực này thông qua các chiến lược của chính phủ và sự quan tâm cũng như nhu cầu tiêu dùng văn hóa của người dân. Tuy nhiên ngành Công nghiệp văn hóa tại Việt Nam hiện nay chỉ mới bắt đầu hình thành và còn thiếu các điều kiện để phát triển trong đó có hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành. Chính vì vậy, quy hoạch xây dựng hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành Công nghiệp văn hóa cần là nhiệm vụ cấp thiết và cần được thực hiện dựa trên cơ sở lý luận và thực tiễn phù hợp với điều kiện Việt Nam. Bài báo với đối tượng nghiên cứu là hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành công nghiệp văn hóa sẽ nghiên cứu các vấn đề thực tiễn và xu hướng trên thế giới và đưa ra quan điểm chung và nội dung của các yếu tố phát triển hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng ngành Công nghiệp văn hóa tại Việt Nam. Phạm vi nghiên cứu là trên toàn bộ lãnh thổ Việt Nam và trong thời gian từ nay tới năm 2020, tầm nhìn tới năm 2030.

Từ khóa: kết cấu hạ tầng; công nghiệp văn hóa; tài nguyên văn hóa; văn hóa kỹ thuật số; yếu tố phát triển.
AN EVALUATION OF FIXED DOSE COMBINATIONS (FDCs) USED FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES IN INDIAN MARKET
Authors: Kamni Supreet , Naikwadi Akram A , Khot Anant
Published: October 2018

Objective: To analyse the rationality of various FDCs used in the treatment Diabetes Mellitus and to find out the irrational FDCs existing in Indian market. Material and Methods: Study Design: Analytical study. Data on FDC's available in the Indian market was collected from Current Index of Medical Specialities (CIMS) and Monthly Index of Medical Specialities (MIMS) and their rationality was analysed using a pretested tool based on FDCs listed in WHO essential list of medicines and National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM), others based on their pharmacodynamic activity, Pharmacokinetic parameters and significant drug interactions occurring due to API (Active pharmaceutical ingredients) contained within the product Result: A total of 18 combinations were analysed, among those 11 combinations were irrational. Conclusion: Predominantly irrational FDCs are being circulated in the Indian market hence through analyses by prescribers is needed before prescribing to patients in order to avoid ADR. This calls for a close scrutiny of marketed FDC's and educating prescribers to use them with great care and caution also indicates a serious review of regulatory framework for drug manufacturing and marketing.

KEYWORDS: Fixed Dose Combinations; Antidiabetics; Irrational.
ANALISIS KADAR TIMBAL (Pb) PADA AIR YANG MELALUI SALURAN PIPA PENYALUR PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) MAKASSAR
Authors: Artati Artati
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini berlatar belakang dimana air merupakan kebutuhan pokok dalam kehidupan. Masyarakat kota Makassar pada khususnya menggunakan air PDAM sebagai sumber air minum dan kebutuhan lainnya. Air yang berasal dari PDAM menggunakan saluran pipa agar air dapat digunakan dalam kebutuhan rumah tangga. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas air pada sistem perpipaan, diantaranya adalah akibat logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) pada air yang melalui saluran pipa penyalur Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kota(PDAM) Makassar.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Observasi Laboratorik.Jumlah populasi dalam peneliian ini adalah  air dari saluran pipa penyalur PDAM kota Makassar, dan teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara accidental sampling yaitu 5 air dari lokasi yang berbeda. Analisis sampel menggunakan metode Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Semua air yang diambil sebagai sampel mengandung timbal.Kadar yang diperoleh sangat kecil atau di bawah batas deteksi metode (<0,01 mg/l). Sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Menteri Kesehatan RI NO 492/MENKES/PER/2010 dimana kandungan Timbal dalam air yang diperbolehkan yakni 0,1 mg/l  sehingga semua sampel yang diperiksa memenuhi syarat standar. Disarankan penelitian selanjutnya sebaiknya menggunakan juga air sumur atau bor untuk dibandingkan.Kata kunci :  Air Saluran Pipa PDAM, Timbal (Pb)
A Neurotological Dilemma: Concurrent Management of Ménière’s Disease and Contralateral Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Isak Pavlo
Published: October 2018

Objective: To present the association of Ménière’s disease (MD) in one ear and vestibular schwannoma (VS) in the contralateral ear as a rare clinical entity, and discuss management options.Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with MD over a ten year period was conducted for patients that met a definite diagnosis of MD in the ear contralateral to the ear with VS diagnosis, based on the 1995 MD criteria set by American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.Results: Of 974 patients that met the inclusion criteria for a diagnosis of VS, five patients had a diagnosis of contralateral MD. The age range was 32-55 years. The size of VS ranged from 3-25 mm. All patients had the MD component managed with an aggressive medical protocol, and short courses of prednisone. For VS, four patients underwent surgery (three translabyrinthine, one retrosigmoid), and one patient opted for stereotactic radiation.Conclusion: The association of MD in one ear and VS in the contralateral ear represents a rare clinical scenario. Bilateral deafness and/or bilateral labyrinthine hypofunction are interventional risks that can lead to severe patient incapacitation. Tumor size, brainstem compression, tumor growth, residual functional hearing, and the degree of disability of MD vertiginous symptoms are important considerations in this management algorithm.
Canadian First Nations Child Welfare Care Policy: Managing Money in "Ottawapiskat"
Authors: Tootoosis Darcy Joseph
Published: October 2018

The inter-generational loss of Indigenous identity in Canada has been a result of Canadian Aboriginal policy in the past and present. The policies of the residential school era and the policies of today’s child welfare system lead to similar outcomes, particularly governmental determination of how the next generation of First Nations people are affected by the state. By 1997-1998, the Department of Indian and Native Affairs reported that First Nations child and family services were administering services to 70% of children on reserves, and that number was projected to increase to 91% by 2002. In 1940 when the residential school system was still in full use, there were almost 8,000 children in the schools across the country; compare that statistic to the year 2002 when there were over 22,500 First Nations children in the child welfare system, showing a progression of almost three times the number living in state care. The numerous social problems resulting from poverty are re-enforced by the Federal Government’s policy decision to neglect taking action despite their own commissions and research data. Procedural problems in child welfare administration arise due to government jurisdictions, which will also be discussed.
Industrial Potential of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Bioplastic: A Brief Review
Authors: Bernard Matthew
Published: October 2018

In the international community, human dependence on plastic is increasing. Meanwhile, global petroleum reserves are diminishing. The cost of this demand on petroleum use is not only economic; there are also escalating human and animal health concerns, environmental implications, and the inherent obligation to prepare feasible alternatives in the event that petroleum depletion occurs. While the bioproduct industry is heavily invested in finding fuel substitutes, innovative efforts in other petroleum-dominated industries, such as plastics, may be worthwhile. Fortunately, there are naturally-occurring compounds in bacteria with structures analogous to those currently derived from petroleum. These compounds offer potentially sustainable and healthier alternatives to petroleum. One such compound gaining attention today is polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). PHA has several attractive properties as an achievable bioplastic source material, either as a direct substitute or as a blend with petroleum. Genetic modification (GM) may be necessary to achieve adequate yields; accordingly, source and host genetics, agronomic practices, and industry-related technology must be examined in this context. This review will compare properties of petroleum-based to PHA-derived plastics, as well as summarize the obligations of, mechanisms by, and implications with which PHA is being introduced to the plastic industry.
Proverbs 16:24
Authors: Wollf Corinna
Published: October 2018

This painting is a visual reflection upon a biblical proverb.2012, oil on canvas, 36 x 24 inches
Linking General Internal Medicine Residency Training to Human Resource Needs and Roles in a Changing Health Landscape
Authors: Anderson Lindsey , Ward Heather A. , Card Sharon E.
Published: October 2018

Recently, there have been frequent calls for more generalists in the health care system, including General Internal Medicine (GIM). At the same time, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons has published a report on unemployed and underemployed specialists throughout Canada. GIM residency programs aim to ensure all graduates have future employment positions that will benefit Canadians. However, there is currently little linkage between the educational and healthcare systems in terms of utilizing future health care needs to inform postgraduate training. There is a lack of consensus on how to plan future health care workforce needs. There is, however, consensus that this is important for both the population and for future physicians. Predictions must also take into account context, such as Saskatchewan's significantly rural and aboriginal population. Difficulties in health care workforce planning include economic factors, differences in physician scope of practice, and regional variations in scope of practice. To fully prepare graduates for both core GIM competencies and competencies tailored to their future practice, it is necessary for us to understand the range of scope of GIM practice in Saskatchewan. It is crucial to understand both current and anticipated perceived scopes of practice and practice opportunities for General Internists in order to plan physician resource needs and the required educational resources.
What’s Your Cap? The Highlights and Lowlights of Developing a Research and Theory-Driven Binge Drinking Prevention Initiative on a Canadian University Campus
Authors: Bartlett Elisabeth , Robertson-Boersma Dani , Dell Colleen Anne , Mykota David
Published: October 2018

Binge drinking is a serious health concern on university campuses across North America. This article examines the development of the University of Saskatchewan Student Binge Drinking Prevention Initiative (BDPI) and its grounding within the theoretical and research literature. We begin the article by establishing the rates and patterns of high-­‐risk drinking among university students. Next, we review the BDPI’s formation, and its commitment to drawing upon the latest empirical evidence on prevention campaigns. We also look at the guidance that Community Coalition Action Theory provided to the BDPI’s development. Together, these approaches enabled the BDPI to be student-­‐run, proactive, and account for gender and other forms of diversity. Last, the central highlights and lowlights for students involved in the BDPI’s development are shared. This paper helps fill a gap in the literature on developing coalition prevention efforts aimed at reducing high-­‐risk alcohol consumption by university students.
Do squirrels in human disturbed areas become habituated to humans? A measure of flight initiation distance across disturbance gradients
Authors: Bjordal Megan D
Published: October 2018

Human population growth results in destruction of natural habitats, although some animals are adapting to living in areas with human disturbance. North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) may be one such species that is successfully adapting to living alongside humans. Flight initiation distance, the distance at which an animal flees from an approaching predator, may act as an indicator of habituation to humans. I predicted that if North American red squirrels were habituating to humans, their flight initiation distance would decrease along a gradient of increasing human disturbance. To examine this, I measured flight initiation distances of 39 North American red squirrels across eight sites, classified as low, medium or high human disturbance areas. No significant difference was found in mean flight initiation distances between disturbance levels, indicating that squirrel flight initiation distance may not be sensitive to small scales of human disturbance gradients.
Editorial Board, Advisors, and Acknowledgments
Authors: Marken Liv Catherine
Published: October 2018

Publication Information included.
The Safety of Aspartame
Authors: Makar Abdel Messih Nadia
Published: October 2018

Aspartame is one of the most extensively tested food additives, yet public confusion remains about its safety. With an increase in sedentary lifestyles and rising obesity rates, a need exists to reduce the population's caloric intake. One way to accomplish this is by reducing sugar intake in food products by substituting sugar with a non-­‐caloric sweetener such as aspartame. Aspartame is approximately 180 times sweeter than sucrose. Upon ingestion, it is metabolized into three molecules – aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol. Health Canada claims that there is no evidence that the consumption of aspartame, along with a healthy diet, poses a health risk to consumers. One can consume up to 40 mg/kg per day over the course of a lifetime without any risk. This is approximately 16 cans (351 mL each) of a diet soft drink per day for a 70kg (154 lb) individual. No scientific evidence exists to suggest that aspartame causes brain tumours, brain damage, multiple sclerosis, or any other pathological conditions. An instance where aspartame would need to be avoided altogether is in the case of a rare condition called phenylketonuria. It has been proposed that aspartame can increase appetite and preference for sweet tastes and thus, can contribute to increases in caloric intake and the prevalence of obesity, but there have been no studies conducted to support this claim. Ultimately, Health Canada, the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, and the World Health Organization have proved aspartame safe for human consumption.
Western Canadian Identity and the American “Other”
Authors: Deighton Alex
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates the creation of settler identity in the North American West within a comparative Canada/US framework. The creation of a colonial “other” was an important aspect in the creation of settler identity on both sides of the border. It is argued that one particular image of the Native American “other,” that of the “ignoble savage” came to dominate the American imagination, while Western Canadians relied primarily on another image of the “other” in constructing their identity – the image of the inferior American. Whereas American and Canadian settlers both manipulated the imagery surrounding Native Americans to foster a sense of settler superiority, the image of the American as immoral, violent, and generally inferior to Canadians was the most persistent image of the “other” for Western Canadians. Through historical analyses of primary source material such as newspapers, popular fiction, and immigration pamphlets, and analyses of Canada/US relations, this paper explores the image of the inferior American “other” and its importance in the settling of the Canadian West.
Unearthing “New” Eroticisms: Feminist Theory as Transformational in “Aberrant” Sexual Desires and Practices
Authors: Kevill Heather
Published: October 2018

This paper examines three elements of female sexuality: the clitoral orgasm, lesbianism, and feminist pornography. All three of these elements have traditionally been viewed as deviant in hegemonic discourse. Over the years, feminist theory and practices have transformed (or are transforming) each element from aberrant sites of desire to new modes of feminist knowledges. The female orgasm and lesbian identities were once “new” knowledge within feminism, and now feminist pornography emerges as an entirely reconceptualized way of exploring women’s desires, sexuality, and eroticism. With the aid of Elizabeth’s Grosz’s essay “The Future of Feminist Theory: Dreams for New Knowledges,” this paper demonstrates how feminist theory has served in re-imagining female sexual desires, practices, and identities.
Studying Creolisation in Household Archaeology: Comparing Approaches of Archaeological Analysis in Spanish and Russian Settlements in the New World
Authors: Maier Erica
Published: October 2018

European expansion in the New World during the fifteenth century created inter-­‐ethnic households and relationships, which led to the creation of newly creolised and distinct cultures. Inter-­‐ethinic relationships also lead to retention of culture, for both First Nations peoples and Europeans as well. Specifically focusing on Russian and Spanish settlements in North America, this paper examines creolisation by studying the household archaeologically to determine the daily activities of creole cultures, First Nations peoples, and European settlers.
Artist Statement
Authors: Mah Stephanie
Published: October 2018

Additional artworks included in PDF.Inspiration for my artwork comes from an array of places and forms. Those who find passion in their work inspire me, and I generate ideas by exposing myself to other areas of study. My subject matter includes botany, anatomy, relationships, and the impact of human actions on nature. Through attention to detail I strive to communicate nature’s continuous beauty to viewers. The interaction between humans and nature is my main muse, and I hope to relay a poetic interpretation of the two. My goal is to construct a sense of the awe that nature presents and evoke the same emotion through my artwork. Drawing has always been an integral part of my art practice and remains my primary focus. My studies have expanded to include printmaking, with a focus on serigraph. Art allows me to communicate thoughts and feelings when articulation escapes me.
Predicting Exercise from Arthritis Flares and Self-Regulatory Efficacy to Overcome Flare Barriers
Authors: Blouin Jocelyn E. , Cary Miranda A.
Published: October 2018

Adults with arthritis struggle to adhere to moderate-vigorous exercise, which is an effective disease self-management strategy. The understanding of theory-based psychosocial factors related to exercise is needed. According to self-efficacy theory, self-regulatory efficacy to overcome challenging barriers may be one such factor. Adults often report that arthritis flares, which involve increases in typical arthritis symptoms (e.g., pain, fatigue), pose a challenge to exercise. However, no research has examined associations between arthritis flares, self-regulatory efficacy to overcome flare barriers, and exercise. The purpose of the study was to examine whether arthritis flares and self-regulatory efficacy to overcome flare barriers predicted weekly moderate-vigorous exercise volume. Ninety adults (Mage = 49.36 ± 16.38 years) with self-reported medically diagnosed arthritis responded to an online survey assessing arthritis flares, self-regulatory efficacy, prior moderate-vigorous exercise, and demographics. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis to predict exercise volume from arthritis flares (step 1) and self-regulatory efficacy to overcome flare barriers (step 2) was significant (R2 adjusted = .14, p < .001). Self-regulatory efficacy was the sole significant predictor in the full model (R2 change = .11, standardized β = .35, p < .001). These findings are the first to illustrate that individuals’ confidence to overcome flare barriers, and not merely the experience of a flare, predict exercise. These findings are important because efficacy beliefs can be changed via theory-based interventions. If future research supports a causal relationship between self-regulatory efficacy to overcome flare barriers and exercise, then an intervention can be designed and tested for improvements in efficacy and, in turn, exercise.
Addressing a Northern Food Crisis: Process Evaluation of Nutrition North Canada
Authors: Achtemichuk Lauren Dawn
Published: October 2018

Inflated food costs are a contributing factor to food insecurity in isolated communities of Canada’s North. To increase the affordability and accessibility of healthy food in Northern communities, a federal government program Nutrition North Canada (NNC) offers retail-based subsidies on select nutritious foods shipped by air. In this paper, I integrate methods of process evaluation to determine whether or not the program components of NNC, such as the defined target population and subsidy design, are sufficient to achieve the intended program outcomes of increased affordability and accessibility of nutritious foods. A literature review drawing on government documents and journal articles outlines the setting of northern food insecurity and defines an inventory of NNC program components. Media articles published between 2011 and 2015 provide context and draw focus to specific implementation issues drawn from the NNC program. The process evaluation for this paper examines these documents for examples of inconsistency within the NNC program’s target, design, and structure that will affect successful program implementation and delivery. My results focus on inadequacies in the structure of the community eligibility target, subsidy design, and compliance reports. I conclude with recommendations on revising and strengthening these components, to ensure that the Nutrition North Canada program can reach its key goal of increasing the affordability and accessibility of healthy foods in isolated northern communities that do not have year-round marine and/or ground transport.
Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction: An Evidence Based Clinical Inquiry
Authors: Nemetchek Brooklyn Rain
Published: October 2018

Evidence is evaluated to determine whether low dose aspirin (81mg) for primary prevention in patients aged 50-65 with no history of cardiovascular disease decreases the incidence of myocardial infarction. Ten studiesgiving relevant clinical evidence are identified and evaluated, with each gender looked at in isolation.The preliminary evidence of this paper suggests that aspirin for the primary prevention of myocardial infarction is not suitable for women aged 50-65, while it does hold benefits for males of the same age range (Howard, 2014). However, the evidence is not unanimous, and more research is needed before recommending aspirin for primary prevention in all low-risk individuals. In relation to aspirin for primary prevention of myocardial infarction,short- and long-term recommendations for nursing practice are developed and discussed, demonstrating the significant role the nurse plays in education, helping each patient to assess individual risks and benefits, and advising patients to consult their physician before self-medicating (Howard, 2014).
Editorial Board, Advisors, and Acknowledgments
Authors: Marken Liv
Published: October 2018

The Editorial Board for the 2016 spring issue, volume 2, issue 2 of USURJ. Advisors for USURJ. Acknowledgments to campus partners and contributors.
Letter from the Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Haldoupis Nicole , Terfloth Caitilin
Published: October 2018

As issue 2.2 comes together, we reflect on the growth of USURJ over just a few short years. To date, USURJ has received 213 submissions and published 41. It has provided feedback to researchers and worked with them to improve their writing. In addition, 64 student volunteers from the University of Saskatchewan have now gained editorial experience and learned about the inner workings of a peer reviewed, academic publication, and many have worked with the journal for two years or more. This year, we analyzed 17 multidisciplinary undergraduate research journals from across North America, and found that the number of student editors on our USURJ team far surpasses all but three: the Harvard Undergraduate Research Journal, the Lethbridge Undergraduate Research Journal, and the Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal.Thanks to an increasing number of submissions, we are able to release, for the first time, two issues in one academic year. We sincerely value our volunteer editors, who have once again pulled together to make USURJ happen. It is gratifying to be able to not only help make these experiences happen, but also to provide a venue for undergraduates to share their research—and do they ever have some great ideas to share! In this issue, one engaged student approaches and interviews cyclists using Saskatoon’s 23rd Street Bicycle Boulevard to inform his analysis of that infrastructure. One researcher discusses the importance of conservation strategies that look at the impact of an endangered animal’s decline, and the impact of conservation on its ecosystem. Another evaluates whether or not low dose aspirin reduces occurrences of myocardial infarction (a type of coronary heart disease) and provides recommendations for nurses. Another student calls attention to a food crisis affecting northern Canadian communities, evaluates the measures currently in place to help to solve this issue, and provides suggestions and possible amendments to these measures.Once again, University of Saskatchewan undergraduate students have proven the importance of disseminating their research, not only taking it outside of the classroom to the institution, but also to the international stage.Happy reading! Nicole Haldoupis & Caitilin Terfloth Graduate and Undergraduate Editors-in-Chief
Self-Compassion: A Potential Buffer in an Evaluative Dance Environment
Authors: Tarasoff Lauren , Ferguson Leah , Kowalski Kent
Published: October 2018

Common characteristics of the dance environment, including mirrored settings, tight-fitted clothing, and evaluation by others create an atmosphere that can negatively influence a ballet dancer’s body image and act as a barrier to participation (Radell, Adame, Cole, & Blumenkehl, 2011; Tiggemann & Slater, 2001).  Thus, it is important to identify resources that can buffer against negative self-perceptions in an evaluative dance environment.  The purpose of this study was to explore self-compassion in relation to self-evaluative thoughts and behaviours in an evaluative ballet environment.  Participants (N = 57 women undergraduate students; Mage = 20.59 years, SD = 3.81) completed an online questionnaire containing measures of self-compassion, social physique anxiety (trait and state versions), fear of negative evaluation (trait and state versions), as well as reactions, thoughts, and emotions to a hypothetical first day of beginner ballet class scenario consistent with the common characteristics of the dance environment.  Self-compassion was negatively related to trait and state social physique anxiety, trait and state fear of negative evaluation, total negative affect, personalizing thoughts, and catastrophizing thoughts, as well as positively associated with behavioural equanimity and thoughts of equanimity. Finding self-compassion to be associated with lower neegative self-perceptions within the context of an evaluative beginner ballet class replicates past correlational research and advances the literature by contextualizing self-compassion to a specific evaluative environment.
Pocahontas and La Malinche: Mirror Images and Antithetical Archetypes
Authors: Khelifa Amani
Published: October 2018

This paper compares and contrasts two Indigenous figures in Mexican history and American history. La Malinche aided conquistador Hernan Cortés during his conquest of Tenochtitlan in the sixteenth century in a way similar to Pocahontas’ “rescue” of Capt. John Smith in the next century. Both women are among the earliest Indigenous figures to become mythologized in their respective nations’ history, yet the legacy they left behind is different; La Malinche’s legacy is more contentious than Pocahontas's. This paper explores the similarities their stories share and the role they play as mediators, mothers, and symbolic figures. It includes a careful study of the many ways they have been remembered since, from artistic portrayals to comparisons with biblical figures. Finally, the paper analyzes the nuances in each of their legacies and proposes one way of interpreting why the two figures have come to be regarded differently over time.
Letter from the Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Ballantyne Courtney , Macdonald Katya
Published: October 2018

This year has generated more growth for our journal. We have moved to a system of continuous publication, allowing papers to be published as they are ready, as opposed to waiting until the end of each term. Authors are able to see the outcome of their work more quickly, and the articles are more immediately accessible to readers. It’s been valuable to explore new approaches to publishing to keep pace with the volume and quality of undergraduate research on campus.The articles in this issue represent a breadth of research across disciplines, methodologies, time periods, and geographies. Each of them brings insightful analysis to original research questions, and offers new perspectives in larger scholarly conversations.Kendra Schreiner compares the leadership styles and legacies of two influential political figures in southeast Asia, to highlight the significance of not only the leaders’ own life histories, but also their subjects’ experiences, when explaining how particular personalities come to power. Evaluating current trends in the field of nursing, Kira Marie Olson argues for better testing of nasogastric tube placement methods in order to improve patient care. Arjun Singh Jabbal and Adam Baxter-Jones address a central question for many athletes: which training method is most effective for building endurance. They call for ongoing attention to the issue. Lauren Tarasoff, Leah Ferguson, and Kent Kowalski seek out ways to foster healthy experiences for competitive dancers by examining the kinds of barriers to self-compassion that dancers themselves may experience. Recognizing pervasive trends in trades professions, Leanne Jaeb, Evan Parker, Courtney Black, and Karissa Cooper examine and measure how sexism can affect workplace safety. Amani Khelifa brings a new analytical lens to accounts about two Indigenous women in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, demonstrating the value of reading colonial texts “between the lines” to seek out marginalized voices. Finally, Sarah Wist compares the effectiveness of several types of pesticides for cabbage productivity, with implications not only for home gardeners but also for commercial canola growers and market gardens.As one of many initiatives at the University of Saskatchewan supporting research at the undergraduate level, USURJ offers the opportunity for students and editors to disseminate undergraduate research and enhance the visibility and accessibility of work that might otherwise go unshared. This endeavour would not be possible without the hard work and dedication of student volunteers, reviewers, authors, and faculty and staff advisors, the Office of the VP Research, and the University Library. We extend our sincere gratitude as we celebrate another successful issue of USURJ.Katya MacDonald & Courtney BallantyneGraduate and Undergraduate Editors-in-ChiefJanuary 26, 2017
Artist's Statement
Authors: Baker Meaghan
Published: October 2018

Additional Artworks included in PDF.For me, art has always primarily been a place to express and process my own experiences. I generally encounter fleeting but strong emotions and, as such, my paintings incorporate elements which are suggestive of this. Namely, I am fond of using expressive brush strokes which are laid down hastily and with moody colour combinations. As of late, I have been experimenting with abstraction using minimal structural planning, allowing the modest structure to become the jungle gym upon which the more emotive elements, like colour, play. Artistic media allows me to translate my emotional experiences into something tangible, something on paper or canvas that I can reflect on and explore further by manipulating the paint, pastel, ink, etc. While my paintings are personal emotional outlets and playgrounds, I hope that my work will create for viewers some kind of emotional encounter which evokes in them some personal reflection and analysis of their own.
Changing the Nature of Our Constitutional Default: The Fight for a Right to a Healthy Environment
Authors: Jones Katelyn Joanna
Published: October 2018

The convergence of environmental law, constitutional law, international law and human rights in the formation and steady acceptance of environmental constitutionalism is a relatively new occurrence. Environmental rights are included in 147 out of the 193 national constitutions worldwide. Despite this collective commitment to environmental protection, Canada’s polluted air, disappearing forests, contaminated waterways and the human health consequences associated with such ills continue to receive no constitutional protection. If the existing legal framework is unable to protect this right, Canadians will demand express recognition of it. Silence – as our constitutional default – is an inadequate response to the growing need for the right to a healthy environment to receive codification.
Nation-building and Nationalism in Myanmar: The Post-2008 Situation and Prospects for the Future
Authors: Schreiner Kendra
Published: October 2018

Myanmar is home to dozens of ethnic groups, languages, and political factions. This diversity coupled with racially and religiously defined political ideologies, has helped to fuel one of the world’s longest civil wars, spanning over half a century. This article explores the nation-building strategies pursued by successive governments since independence and their effects on the current political situation. It then focuses on the 2008 constitution, the return to democracy in 2010, and the transition to a civilian government following the 2015 election, and explores whether significant progress has been made to move the country out of civil war and into ethnically and politically inclusive democracy.
A Delicate Mosaic: The Future of Muslims in Canada
Authors: Khelifa Sahar
Published: October 2018

Islam has had a long and, recently, contested history in Canada. Studies after 9/11 show an increasingly negative view towards Islam and Muslims in Canada.  Supposed clashes between Islam and the West, the advent of Canadian Muslim diaspora with an increase in Muslim immigration after World War II, and the rise of Islamophobia and counter anti-Islamophobia movements have strained Muslim integration efforts and challenged Islam's place in Canadian society, testing long-standing Canadian values and beliefs about multiculturalism, democracy and pluralism. This paper addresses the question of Canadian-Muslim integration, looking briefly at the history of Muslims in Canada, the issues they face, and some recent events including Bill 94 and the niqab debate to examine the state of Muslim Canadian integration in Canada today. The paper also proposes a process where Muslim communities, the Canadian government and the public can work together to build understanding and resolve differences in order to move forward as a country.
Catch Flies with Honey, not Vinegar: A Prescriptive Analysis of the Western Response to the 2014 Ukraine Conflict
Authors: Lakusta Adam Michael
Published: October 2018

After the 2014 Euromaidan protests and deposition of the Ukrainian President Victor Yanukovych, Russia annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula and proceeded to wage a proxy war through pro-Russian seperatists. As a result of these actions, international relations with Russia have sunk to the lowest levels since the Cold War. The deterioration of international relations has included individual and sector-level sanctions being employed between the West and Russia. These sanctions have been implemented with the aim of signaling intolerance of Russia's actions in Ukraine, and to promote reform of its aggressive policies in Eastern Europe. To date, these sanctions have not altered Russian policy, but rather have isolated Russia and pushed it towards increased South American and Asian economic ties. Furthermore, the current economic trough Russia is experiencing is not entirely a result of international sanctions, but is instead largely due to the drop in global oil and gas prices between 2014 and 2017. As such, sanctions are not an effective long-term tool with which to penalize Russia. This paper provides a critical evaluation of the international response to the Ukrainian conflict while emphasizing the importance of Russo-West reconciliation via economic integration. To respond effectively to aggressive Russian foreign policy, it is important to consider the innter workings of the Putin Administration and its post-Cold War political economy. With a focus on mutual interests, this precriptive review puts the Ukrainian conflict and current slump of relations into their proper contexts, while also pushing for the reconsideration of maintaining ineffective retaliatory sanctions.
Shell Shock: A Society Uprooted
Authors: Drever Kathryn Anne
Published: October 2018

The introduction of mechanized warfare during World War I sent shockwaves throughout Europe and changed the face of modern battle.  Shell shock, a condition caused by the explosion of military artillery in close contact with human beings, brought a new understanding of human psychology and how strong – or weak – the human mental capacity to function is when exposed to extreme stress and fear.  The impact of shell shock both built up and tore down social barriers in British society during the Interwar period (1918-1939).  The emotional damage caused by shell shock was slow to be understood and moved British society to question long-held beliefs about masculinity, idealistic identity, and social class attitudes.
Cover Artist
Authors: Warwick Valerie
Published: October 2018

Valerie Warwick is a BFA student at the University of Saskatchewan.
Letter from the Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Ballantyne Courtney , MacDonald Katya
Published: October 2018

This year has generated more growth for our journal. We have moved to a system of continuous publication, allowing papers to be published as they are ready, as opposed to waiting until the end of each term. Authors are able to see the outcome of their work more quickly, and the articles are more immediately accessible to readers. It’s been valuable to explore new approaches to publishing to keep pace with the volume and quality of undergraduate research on campus.The articles in this issue represent a breadth of research across disciplines, methodologies, time periods, and geographies. Each of them brings insightful analysis to original research questions, and offers new perspectives in larger scholarly conversations.Kendra Schreiner compares the leadership styles and legacies of two influential political figures in southeast Asia, to highlight the significance of not only the leaders’ own life histories, but also their subjects’ experiences, when explaining how particular personalities come to power. Evaluating current trends in the field of nursing, Kira Marie Olson argues for better testing of nasogastric tube placement methods in order to improve patient care. Arjun Singh Jabbal and Adam Baxter-Jones address a central question for many athletes: which training method is most effective for building endurance. They call for ongoing attention to the issue. Lauren Tarasoff, Leah Ferguson, and Kent Kowalski seek out ways to foster healthy experiences for competitive dancers by examining the kinds of barriers to self-compassion that dancers themselves may experience. Recognizing pervasive trends in trades professions, Leanne Jaeb, Evan Parker, Courtney Black, and Karissa Cooper examine and measure how sexism can affect workplace safety. Amani Khelifa brings a new analytical lens to accounts about two Indigenous women in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, demonstrating the value of reading colonial texts “between the lines” to seek out marginalized voices. Finally, Sarah Wist compares the effectiveness of several types of pesticides for cabbage productivity, with implications not only for home gardeners but also for commercial canola growers and market gardens.As one of many initiatives at the University of Saskatchewan supporting research at the undergraduate level, USURJ offers the opportunity for students and editors to disseminate undergraduate research and enhance the visibility and accessibility of work that often goes unshared. This endeavor would not be possible without the hard work and dedication of student volunteers, reviewers, authors, and faculty and staff advisors, and the Office of the VP, Research and the University Library. We extend our sincere gratitude as we celebrate another successful issue of USURJ.
Canadian Culture and Orthographic Word Forms: A Survey of Cultural Identity and Spelling Preferences
Authors: LeBlanc Michael Christian
Published: October 2018

Unlike most English speech communities with well-established spelling standards, historically English-speaking Canada has been split between British and American standards (Gregg, 1989), or has in some cases combined the British and American spelling structures (Pratt, 1993). As any native speaker of Canadian English could attest, some American standard forms, such as jewelry or story, seem ready to replace their British counterparts in the Canadian spelling lexicon, along with much older cases such as curb or tire. On the other hand, some researchers (Heffernan, Borden, Erath and Yang, 2010; Lipski, 1973) have pointed out the hostility toward American spelling forms since historically anti-Americanism is present in the Canadian linguistic landscape (see Pratt, 1993). This paper reviews the spelling choices of 26 Saskatchewan university students with respect to a group of 25 words known to be spelt differently in British and American English. The results are then correlated with those from a survey on attitudes toward Canadian culture (see section 3.1.3) and with the results from a brief "regional spelling test" (see Appendix B). Two questions are explored. First, to what degree can a correlation be found between the participants' preferences for the British spelling standard and positive attitudes toward Canadian culture? Second, what relationship can be discovered between the participants’ spelling preferences and their knowledge of British and American spellings?