bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The paradox of technology in online education during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experiences of safety and security students in a Dutch university
Authors: Matczak Anna , Akdogan Huseyin , Ashmore Dillon
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the experiences of safety and security management students, enrolled in an undergraduate course in the Netherlands, and present quantitative data from an online survey that aimed to explore the factors that have contributed to students’ satisfaction with, and engagement in, online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main findings suggest an interesting paradox of technology, which is worth further exploration in future research. Firstly, students with self perceived higher technological skill levels tend to reject online education more often as they see substantial shortcomings of classes in the way they are administered as compared to the vast available opportunities for real innovation. Secondly, as opposed to democratising education and allowing for custom-made, individualistic education schedules that help less-privileged students, online education can also lead to the displacement of education by income-generating activities altogether. Lastly, as much as technology allowed universities during the COVID-19 pandemic to continue with education, the transition to the environment, which is defined by highly interactive and engaging potential, may in fact be a net contributor to the feelings of social isolation, digital educational inequality and tension around commercialisation in higher education.
Convolution-based approach for modeling the paliperidone extended release and Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) PK of once-, and three-monthly products administration and for optimizing the development of new LAI products
Authors: Gomeni Roberto , Bressolle-Gomeni Françoise
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper was to develop a convolution-based modeling approach for describing the paliperidone PK resulting from the administration of extended-release once-a-day oral dose, and once- and three monthly long-acting injectable products and to compare the performances of this approach to the traditional modeling strategy. The results of the analyses indicated that the traditional and convolution-based models showed comparable performances in the characterization of the paliperidone PK. However, the convolution-based approach showed several appealing features that justify the choice of this modeling as a preferred tool for modeling Long Acting Injectable (LAI) products and for deploying an effective model-informed drug development process. In particular, the convolution-based modeling can (a) facilitate the development of in vitro/in vivo correlation, (b) be used to identify formulations with optimal in vivo release properties, and (c) be used for optimizing the clinical benefit of a treatment by supporting the implementation of integrated models connecting in vitro and in vivo drug release, in vivo drug release to PK, and PK to PD and biomarker endpoints. A case study was presented to illustrate the benefits and the flexibility of the convolution-based modeling outcomes. The model was used to evaluate the in vivo drug release properties associated with a hypothetical once-a-year administration of a LAI product with the assumption that the expected paliperidone exposure during a 3-year treatment overlays the exposure expected after repeated administrations of a 3-month LAI product.
Interhemispheric Integration after Callosotomy: A Meta-Analysis of Poffenberger and Redundant-Target Paradigms
Authors: Westerhausen René
Published: December 2022

The central role of the corpus callosum in integrating perception and cognition across the cerebral hemispheres makes it highly desirable for clinical and basic research to have a repertoire of experimental paradigms assessing callosal functioning. Here, the objective was to assess the validity of two such paradigms (Poffenberger, redundant-target paradigms) by conducting single-step meta-analyses on individual case data of callosotomy patients. Studies were identified by systematic literature search (source: Pubmed and WebOfKnowledge, date: 07.03.2022) and all studies were included that reported callosotomy case data for either paradigm. Twenty-two studies (38 unique cases) provided 116 observations of the crossed-uncrossed difference (CUD) for the Poffenberger paradigm, while ten studies (22 cases, 103 observations) provided bilateral redundancy gain (bRG) measures. Using linear-mixed models with “individual” and “experiment” as random-effects variable, the mean CUD was estimated at 60.6 ms (CI95%: 45.3; 75.9) for commissurotomy, 43.5 ms (26.7; 60.2) for complete callosotomy, and 8.8 ms (1.1; 16.6) for partial anterior-medial callosotomy patients. The estimates of commissurotomy/callosotomy patients differed significantly from patients with partial callosotomy and healthy controls. The mean bRGmin (minimum unilateral reference) was estimated at 42.8 ms (27.1;58.4) for patients with complete and 30.8 ms (16.8; 44.7) for patients with partial callosotomy, both differing significantly from controls. One limitation was that different formulas for bRG were used, making it necessary to split the sample and reducing test power of some analyses. Nevertheless, the present findings suggest that both paradigms assess interhemispheric callosal integration, confirming their construct validity, but likely test distinct callosal functions.
Intuitive teaching of medical device operation to clinical assistance robots
Authors: Baumann Oskar , Lenz Alexander , Hartl Josef , Bernhard Lukas , Knoll Alois Christian
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The adjustment of medical devices in the operating room is currently done by the circulating nurses. As digital interfaces for the devices are not foreseeable in the near future and to incorporate legacy devices, the robotic operation of medical devices is an open topic.

Methods:

We propose a teleoperated learning from demonstration process to acquire the high-level device functionality with given motion primitives. The proposed system is validated using an insufflator as an exemplary medical device.

Results:

At the beginning of the proposed learning period, the teacher annotates the user interface to obtain the outline of the medical device. During the demonstrated interactions, the system observes the state change of the device to generalize logical rules describing the internal functionality. The combination of the internal logics with the interface annotations enable the robotic system to adjust the medical device autonomously. To interact with the device, a robotic manipulator with a finger-like end-effector is used while relying on haptic feedback from torque sensors.

Conclusion:

The proposed approach is a first step towards teaching a robotic system to operate medical devices. We aim at validating the system in an extensive user study with clinical personnel. The logical rule generalization and the logical rule inference based on computer vision methods will be focused in the future.
Potential of seagrass habitat restorations as nature-based solutions: Practical and scientific implications in Indonesia
Authors: Rifai Husen , Quevedo Jay Mar D. , Lukman Kevin Muhamad , Sondak Calyvn F. A. , Risandi Johan , Hernawan Udhi Eko , Uchiyama Yuta , Ambo-Rappe Rohani , Kohsaka Ryo
Published: December 2022

Seagrasses offer diverse ecosystem services, yet, they are among the most threatened ecosystems. When degraded or destroyed, their services are lost or reduced in the process, affecting, for instance, local communities directly dependent on their livelihood provision. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that climate change is projected to worsen over time; thus, there is an urgent need for mitigation strategies in practice and also in the longer term. This work aims to provide an alternative perspective of seagrass restoration as a nature based solution (NbS) on a global scale, yet, giving an emphasis on tropical regions such as Indonesia. We focused on seagrass restorations which are not yet well established in comparison with other restoration programs (e.g., mangroves) despite their critical roles. We present in this work how restoring seagrass meadows fits the global standard of NbS published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The results of this study can serve as a basis for promoting seagrass restorations as NbS against climate change particularly in countries with a wide extent of seagrass coverage.
Medical Students and the Impostor Phenomenon: A Coexistence Precipitated and Perpetuated by the Educational Environment?
Authors: Franchi Thomas , Russell-Sewell Nigel
Published: December 2022

People who experience the impostor phenomenon have intense thoughts of fraudulence regarding their intellect or professional activities. This perception of illegitimacy leads sufferers to believe that success in their lives is attributable to some form of error. Despite the phenomenon having been thoroughly researched in a plethora of professional and educational environments, there remains a relative lack of insight into the impostor phenomenon amongst medical students. This research aimed to better understand the relationship between medical students and the impostor phenomenon, and subsequently to investigate whether their coexistence is precipitated and perpetuated by the educational environment. A cross-sectional study of medical students was conducted using a pragmatist approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data, via a questionnaire, focus groups and interviews. The main quantitative measure used was the validated Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), where higher scores indicate more marked impostor experiences. A total of 191 questionnaire responses were received, and 19 students attended a focus group or interview. The average CIPS score for the cohort was 65.81 ± 13.72, indicating that the average student had “frequent” impostor experiences. Of note, 65.4% of students were classed as having “clinically significant” impostor experiences and females scored 9.15 points higher than males on average (p < 0.0001). Examination rankings were frequently cited as a major contributing factor to students’ impostor feelings, and data revealed an increase of 1.12 points per decile that a student drops down the rankings (p < 0.05). Students’ quotes were used extensively to underpin the quantitative data presented and offer an authentic insight into their experiences. This study provides new insights and contributes to our understanding of the impostor phenomenon amongst medical students, and eight recommendations for practice are presented, which are intended to provide medical schools with opportunities for pedagogical innovation.
Numerical and experimental investigation of the geometry dependent layer-wise evolution of temperature during laser powder bed fusion of Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Li Gefei , Ganeriwala Rishi , Herzog Dirk , Bartsch Katharina , King Wayne
Published: December 2022

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is currently the additive manufacturing process with the widest industrial use for metal parts. Yet some hurdles persist on the way to a widespread industrial serial production, with reproducibility of the process and the resulting part properties being a major concern. As the geometry changes, so do the local boundary conditions for heat dissipation. Consequently, the use of global, geometry-independent processing parameters, which are today’s state of the art, may result in varying part properties or even defects. This paper presents a numerical simulation as a method to predict the geometry-dependent temperature evolution during the build. For demonstration, an overhang structure with varying angles towards the build platform was manufactured using Ti–6Al–4V. A calibrated infrared camera was integrated into a commercial L-PBF system to measure the temperature evolution over time for a total build height of 10 mm, and the results are used for validation of the simulation. It is shown that the simulation is capable of predicting the temperature between layers. The deviations between simulation and measurement remain in single digit range for smaller overhang structures (90°, 60° and 45°). For large overhang structures (30°), the simulation tends to over-predict the temperatures up to 15 °C. Experiments with varying process parameters showed the feasibility of energy reduction as compensation of the heat accumulation produced by overhang structures.
Chemical Profiling of Citrus sinensis Root and the Effects of Its Secondary Metabolites on Cisplatin-Induced Renal and Cardiac Toxicities
Authors: Hamdan Dalia I. , Attia Rasha A. , Nael Manal A. , Mahmoud Mona F. , El-Shazly Assem M.
Published: December 2022

Citrus fruits are among the most important economical crops, because of their nutritional value, medicinal importance, and unique flavor. Gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the hydro-distilled oil from the root resulted in the identification of 110 compounds with germacrene B (22%), aromadendrene (21.6%), α-santalene (7.1%), geijerene (4,81%), germacrene D (4.3%), and limonene (3.4%) as major constituents. In addition, chemical profiling the dichloromethane fraction of the root analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry afforded the identification of 43 compounds belonging to acridone alkaloids, coumarins, and flavonoids. Moreover, xanthyletin, citracridone I and II, clausarin, O-methylcitrusinine-I, and grandisinine were isolated as major metabolites using column chromatography and characterized depending on different spectroscopic techniques. Xanthyletin and citracridone I were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, and in vivo protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in different dose levels in a rat model. Xanthyletin and citracridone I showed protective activity against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. It attenuated cisplatin-induced elevation of both serum urea and creatinine in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, xanthyletin attenuated cisplatin-induced elevation of malondialdehyde and glutathione in both renal and cardiac tissues.

Graphical abstract
Complex Berry curvature and complex energy band structures in non-Hermitian graphene model
Authors: Wu Chao , Fan Annan , Liang Shi-Dong
Published: December 2022

Non-Hermitian quantum systems exhibit many novel physical properties of quantum states. We consider a non-Hermtian graphene model based on the tight-binding approximation with the coupling of the graphene and the substrate. We analyze the complex energy structure of this model and its exceptional points as well as relevant topological invariants. We give the analytic complex Berry connection and Berry curvature in the Brillouin zone and investigate numerically the relationships between the complex Berry curvature and the complex energy band structures. We find that the behaviors of the complex Berry curvature depend on the complex energy band structures. The occurrence of the peaks of both real and imaginary parts of the complex Berry curvature corresponds to the exceptional (gapless) points in the Brillouin zone. In particular, the Dirac cone of the imaginary part of the Berry curvature occurs and corresponding to the occurrence of the flat real energy band for the non-Hermitian parameter $$\eta =3$$

η
=
3

. These results provide some novel insights to the relationship between the non-Hermitian graphene, geometry, and topological invariants.
Alpha Power Transformed Extended power Lindley Distribution
Authors: Eissa Fatehi Yahya , Sonar Chhaya Dhanraj
Published: December 2022

The Lindley distribution has been generalized by several researchers in recent years. In this paper, we introduce and study a new generalization of extended power Lindley distribution named alpha power transformed extended power Lindley (APTEPL) distribution that provides better fits than the extended Power Lindley distribution and existing generalizations. It includes the alpha power transformed power Lindley, alpha power transformed extended Lindley, alpha power transformed Lindley, extended power Lindley, power Lindley, extended Lindley and Lindley distribution as a special cases. In this article various properties of the APTEPL distribution such as moments, moment generating function, Characteristic function and cumulant generating function, quantiles and Order Statistics are derived. Method of maximum likelihood estimation is used to obtain the model parameters. A simulation study is performed to examine the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters. Two data sets have been utilized to show how the APTEPL distribution works in practice.
Making the APPropriate choice: Utilization of a smartphone application to optimize antimicrobial decisions among internal medicine trainees
Authors: Brooke Thomas R. , Pfaeffle Herman O. , Guillory Walter O. , Raiciulescu Sorana , Ressner Roseanne A.
Published: December 2022

Utilization of a smart phone application paired with a time-spaced learning curriculum was investigated to determine its impact on antimicrobial stewardship practice among internal medicine trainees. Stewardship behaviors increased, barriers decreased, and trainees had increased confidence in managing common infectious disease syndromes after the intervention.
Making sense of an execution: Patriarch Gregory V between the Sublime Porte and the Patriarchate
Authors: Karabıçak Yusuf Ziya
Published: December 2022

This article examines the events leading to the execution of Gregory V, Patriarch of Constantinople, utilizing accounts and documents in Ottoman Turkish and Greek. Gregory was the occupant of a post which involved striking a balance between different Phanariot factions, pro- and anti-Enlightenment tendencies, and localist and imperial expectations. This article argues that it was the outbreak of the Revolution in the Morea, rather than Ypsilantis’ movement, that upset the status quo, convincing the Ottoman elite that Gregory was no longer useful for the smooth functioning of Ottoman governance.
COVID-19-related mental health difficulties among marginalised populations: A literature review
Authors: Camara Chaka , Surkan Pamela J. , Van Der Waerden Judith , Tortelli Andrea , Downes Naomi , Vuillermoz Cécile , Melchior Maria
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had negative consequences on the mental health of the population, which has been documented. Marginalised groups that are at risk of poor mental health overall have been particularly impacted. The purpose of this review is to describe the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marginalised group (i.e. persons who are socio-economically disadvantaged, migrants and members of ethno-racial minorities, experience homelessness) and identified interventions which could be well-suited to prevent and address mental health difficulties. We conducted a literature review of systematic reviews on mental health difficulties since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic and appropriate interventions among marginalised groups published from January 1, 2020 to May 2, 2022, using Google Scholar and PubMed (MEDLINE). Among 792 studies on mental health difficulties among members of marginalised groups identified by keywords, 17 studies met our eligibility criteria. Twelve systematic reviews examining mental health difficulties in one or several marginalised groups during the COVID-19 pandemic and five systematic reviews on interventions that can mitigate the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic were retained in our literature review. The mental health of marginalised groups was severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most frequently reported mental health difficulties included symptoms of anxiety and depression. Additionally, there are interventions that appear effective and well-suited for marginalised populations, which should be disseminated on a large scale to mitigate the psychiatric burden in these groups and at the population level.
On the splitting and aggregating of Hawkes processes
Authors: Li Bo , Pang Guodong
Published: December 2022

We consider the random splitting and aggregating of Hawkes processes. We present the random splitting schemes using the direct approach for counting processes, as well as the immigration–birth branching representations of Hawkes processes. From the second scheme, it is shown that random split Hawkes processes are again Hawkes. We discuss functional central limit theorems (FCLTs) for the scaled split processes from the different schemes. On the other hand, aggregating multivariate Hawkes processes may not necessarily be Hawkes. We identify a necessary and sufficient condition for the aggregated process to be Hawkes. We prove an FCLT for a multivariate Hawkes process under a random splitting and then aggregating scheme (under certain conditions, transforming into a Hawkes process of a different dimension).
Longitudinal relations among family dysfunction, depressive symptoms, and cyberbullying involvement in Chinese early adolescents: Disentangling between- and within-person associations
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Li Xiang , Zou Yan , Gong Xue
Published: December 2022

Family dysfunction plays an important role in cyberbullying and cybervictimization. However, little research has investigated the longitudinal relations and the mediating mechanisms between them during adolescence. This study examined the longitudinal relations between family dysfunction and cyberbullying and cybervictimization, along with whether depressive symptoms function as mediators between them at the within-person level. A total of 3,743 Chinese adolescents (46.2% females; Mage = 9.92 years; SD = 0.51) participated a five-wave longitudinal study with a 6-month time interval. The results of random intercept cross-lagged panel model found that: (1) family dysfunction directly predicted depressive symptoms and vice versa at the within-person level; (2) depressive symptoms directly predicted cyberbullying and cybervictimization at the within-person level, but not vice versa; (3) family dysfunction indirectly predicted cyberbullying and cybervictimization via depressive symptoms at the within-person level; (4) at the between-person level, there were significant associations among family dysfunction, depressive symptoms, cyberbullying and cybervictimization. The results are discussed on the basis of the mechanisms that lead to cyberbullying and cybervictimization.
The Operatic Roots of Performativity: Bodies Decontextualised in Butler, Brecht and Busoni
Authors: Collins Sarah
Published: December 2022

It has long been claimed that opera can give expression to the uneasy relationship between the body and the voice. Operatic voices seem to exceed the capacity of the bodies that produce them in a way that conveys a sense of mechanisation or limited agency, inviting metaphorical comparisons to marionettes. Yet recent studies of gesture have suggested that bodies are not simply passively inscribed with meaning but that they also mediate the process of inscription. Investigating the implications of this claim for opera, this article discusses two recent essays by Judith Butler, in which she draws from Walter Benjamin's account of gesture in Brecht's epic theatre to argue for the performative power of incomplete or decontextualised bodily actions. It then traces this idea to a moment in epic theatre's own prehistory, focusing on Ferruccio Busoni's opera Doktor Faust. The article makes both a theoretical point and an historical claim: it highlights how bodies and words that are decontextualised can perform a critical function despite not enjoying the usual citational supports necessary for a speech act; and it argues that Busoni's Doktor Faust and his theory of opera were a part of the intellectual prehistory to Butler's conceptualisation of bodily performativity.
Future directions in rural history: Ireland, the First World War and the search for historical evidence
Authors: Destenay Emmanuel
Published: December 2022

A social history of Ireland (encompassing rural communities) is needed if historians are to fully come to terms with what really happened between 1914 and 1918 and to properly tackle the question of ‘consent’ and ‘constraint’ in relation to the war effort. In addition, historians need to devote a comprehensive book-length research to the April 1918 Conscription Crisis in Ulster (but more generally to the anti-conscription movement in Ulster), determining if the urban/rural – Belfast/countryside divide existed (and, if so, what its magnitude was). Finally, in a few years’ time, anyone will be able to say if the Republic of Ireland of today opted to anchor the global conflict in the collective memory of its people, or if the Centenary of the First World War was just a politically motivated parenthesis to commemorate a lost generation that still struggles to find its rightful place in modern Irish history.
A Flanking European Welfare State: The European Community's Social Dimension, from Brandt to Delors (1969–1993)
Authors: Warlouzet Laurent
Published: December 2022

Between 1969 and 1993, a genuine ‘European welfare state’ was forged at the level of the European Economic Community (EEC), even though this expression was not used per se. After a definition of the welfare state as a three-pronged set of policies, the article develops first the flourishing period in the 1970s, when many ambitious ideas such as a common reduction of working hours, or the control of multinationals, emerged. In a second step, it explains the failure of this project due to the neoliberal backlash of the early 1980s and the division of the welfarist coalition. Ultimately, the whole project was rekindled as a flanking wing of the internal market programme when the latter was launched in 1985. Hence, when the internal market opened up in 1993, a very unique kind of European welfare existed at the international level. It was less redistributive than that of national welfare states and more geared towards the management of common norms.
Wayfinding through the “ocean of the great unknown”: how lactating parents establish a direct breastfeeding relationship with an infant with critical CHD
Authors: Elgersma Kristin M. , McKechnie Anne Chevalier , Sommerness Samantha A. , Tanner Lynn R. , Swanson Nellie Munn
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Lactating parents of infants hospitalised for critical congenital heart disease (CHD) face significant barriers to direct breastfeeding. While experiences of directly breastfeeding other hospitalised neonates have been described, studies including infants with critical CHD are scarce. There is no evidence-based standard of direct breastfeeding care for these infants, and substantial practice variation exists.

Aim:

To explain how direct breastfeeding is established with an infant hospitalised for critical CHD, from lactating parents’ perspectives.

Materials & Methods:

This study is a qualitative grounded dimensional analysis of interviews with 30 lactating parents of infants with critical CHD who directly breastfed within 3 years. Infants received care from 26 United States cardiac centres; 57% had single ventricle physiology. Analysis included open, axial, and selective coding; memoing; member checking; and explanatory matrices.

Results:

Findings were represented by a conceptual model, “Wayfinding through the ‘ocean of the great unknown’.” The core process of Wayfinding involved a nonlinear trajectory requiring immense persistence in navigating obstacles, occurring in a context of life-and-death consequences for the infant. Wayfinding was characterised by three subprocesses: navigating the relationship with the healthcare team; protecting the direct breastfeeding relationship; and doing the long, hard work. Primary influencing conditions included relentless concern about weight gain, the infant’s clinical course, and the parent’s previous direct breastfeeding experience

Conclusions:

For parents, engaging in the Wayfinding process to establish direct breastfeeding was feasible and meaningful – though challenging. The conceptual model of Wayfinding explains how direct breastfeeding can be established and provides a framework for research and practice.
Long‐Term Observations of Turbulence Vertical Velocity Spectra in a Convective Mixed Layer: Dependence on Land‐Surface Forcing in the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Williams Ian N. , Qiu Shaoyue
Published: December 2022

Doppler lidar vertical velocity retrievals were analyzed for the scale and structure of mixed‐layer turbulence over a 7‐year period, on fair‐weather warm season days (442 cases) in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Based on the hypothesized influence of land‐surface forcing and updraft size on convective boundary layer clouds, a spectral analysis was performed to quantify effects of surface forcing (surface buoyancy flux, friction velocity, and evaporative fraction) on turbulence scale. Significant (order‐of‐magnitude) variations in spectral density were found in the energy‐production subrange and mesoscale regimes. Integral scale decreased with increasing buoyancy flux (and Monin‐Obukhov stability parameter), while spectral density in the energy‐production subrange increased, implying a transition to buoyancy‐driven cellular structures with narrower updrafts. The influence of stability parameter was limited to the neutral to convective transition, and could not explain the wide variation in spectral density in the mesoscale regime. However, high friction velocity () was associated with larger integral scale (updraft width), and a greater portion of spectral density in the mesoscale regime. Lidar profiles and radar reflectivity for individual cases revealed evidence of roll and wave‐like structures contributing to mesoscale variability on high friction velocity days, suggesting shear instabilities on days with wetter land surface conditions and smaller buoyancy flux. The role of friction velocity emphasizes the multivariate nature of surface influences on turbulence, and implies that variance‐based turbulence closures may not be adequate for capturing effects of surface forcing on updraft size.
Model of the First Lightning Return Stroke Using Bidirectional Leader Concept
Authors: Kašpar Petr , Kolmašová Ivana , Santolík Ondřej
Published: December 2022

We have developed a new lightning return stroke model which takes into account a realistic charge distribution to compute the ambient electric potential. It contains a nonlinear resistance model for the development of the finite conductivity of the lightning channel. It also describes a redistribution of charges after the bottom end of the channel is attached to the potential of the ground. The model is based on solving Maxwell's equations linked to Poisson's equation, and coupled with Ohm's law. The waveshape of the current at the channel base is obtained from the model. The simulated current decreases and its rise time increases with height, which is in accordance with the luminosity observations. The electric and magnetic field waveforms modeled for different distances from the lightning flash show that most of the waveform features typically observed at these distances are well reproduced. We also successfully compare modeled magnetic field waveforms with measurements at the distances larger than 30 km.
Moisture‐Budget Drivers of Global Projections of Meteorological Drought From Multiple GCM Large Ensembles
Authors: Norris Jesse , Chen Di , Hall Alex , Thackeray Chad W.
Published: December 2022

Future projections of global meteorological drought are evaluated in the Multi‐Model Large Ensemble Archive, including an evaluation of the atmospheric moisture budget, conditioned on drought years. Drought is defined as 5‐year running‐mean annual precipitation below some threshold, for example, 10th percentile. Drought increases in frequency over the subtropics, in addition to certain tropical regions, consistent with previous studies. The moisture‐budget decomposition allows drought to be defined as mean‐flow, eddy, or feedback droughts, depending on which term in the equation contributes the largest negative interannual anomaly. In the historical climate, mean‐flow droughts constitute most droughts at low latitudes; eddy droughts are equally common at higher latitudes; feedback droughts (i.e., droughts exacerbated by land–atmosphere feedbacks) constitute almost all droughts in water‐limited subtropical/Mediterranean regions. The future drought increases are predominantly due to increases in feedback droughts in regions where these droughts are common historically but also over the Amazon. However, over most Mediterranean‐type regions mean‐flow droughts are also large contributors, resulting from dynamics. Eddy droughts also contribute to future increases along the equatorward flanks of historical eddy‐driven jets, likely reflecting poleward shifts therein. Model uncertainty is particularly large over the Amazon and Australia, a reflection of model diversity in processes associated with land‐atmosphere interaction. Based on these results, an availability of 3‐D atmospheric data from a wider swath of global climate model large ensembles could help constrain global drought projections based on the representation of drought mechanisms in the historical climate.
Hydrologic Model Calibration With Remote Sensing Data Products in Global Large Basins
Authors: Liu Xiaomang , Yang Kun , Ferreira Vagner G. , Bai Peng
Published: December 2022

Parameters of hydrologic models are typically calibrated using in situ runoff observations. This calibration strategy cannot be implemented when runoff observations are not available. Additionally, the high accuracy of runoff simulation does not guarantee high simulation accuracy of other hydrologic variables, such as evaporation (ET) and terrestrial water storage change (TWSC), leading to uncertainties in hydrologic predictions. To overcome the shortcomings of the runoff‐based calibration strategy, ET and TWSC products from remote sensing were used to design parameter calibration schemes in 59 large basins worldwide. Runoff observations were used to evaluate the effects of different calibration schemes. Results show that single‐objective calibration schemes using the ET or TWSC products for parameter calibrations cannot obtain acceptable runoff simulations. Multi‐objective calibration schemes using the combination of ET and TWSC products for parameter calibrations had better runoff simulation accuracy. The multi‐objective calibration scheme using the combination of ET product adjusted by the Budyko formula and TWSC product as the calibration objective had the best runoff simulation accuracy. It is necessary to adjust ET products before using them for parameter calibrations of hydrologic models. The Budyko formula can be used to reduce the bias in remote sensing ET products, thereby providing better constraints on hydrologic simulations. We also find that different precipitation products used as inputs to hydrologic models can significantly affect the accuracy of runoff simulations. The results are expected to promote the application of remote sensing products in hydrologic simulations and predictions.
Gene amplification-driven lncRNA SNHG6 promotes tumorigenesis via epigenetically suppressing p27 expression and regulating cell cycle in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Wei , Yin Dandan , Tang Zaibin , Zhang Erbao , Wu Weibing
Published: December 2022

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been validated to play essential roles in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) progression. In this study, through systematically screening GSE33532 and GSE29249 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and bioinformatics analysis, we found the significant upregulation of SNHG6 in NSCLC. The activation of SNHG6 was driven by copy number amplification and high expression of SNHG6 indicated a poor prognosis. Functionally, the knockdown of SNHG6 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and suppressed the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. SNHG6 overexpression had the opposite effects. Mechanically, SNHG6 recruited EZH2 to the promoter region of p27 and increased H3K27me3 enrichment, thus epigenetically repressing the expression of p27, regulating the cell cycle, and promoting tumorigenesis of NSCLC. SNHG6 silencing restrained tumor growth in vivo and suppressed the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins in the G1/S transition. In conclusion, our study uncovered a novel mechanism of SNHG6 activation and its function. SNHG6 can be considered a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC in the future.
Experiences of pregnant women with genome-wide non-invasive prenatal testing in a national screening program
Authors: van der Meij Karuna R. M. , van de Pol Qiu Ying. F. , Bekker Mireille N. , Martin Linda , Gitsels-van der Wal Janneke , van Vliet-Lachotzki Elsbeth H. , Weiss Janneke M. , Galjaard Robert-Jan H. , Sistermans Erik A. , Macville Merryn V. E. , Henneman Lidewij ,   the Dutch NIPT Consortium, van der Meij Karuna R. M. , van Vliet-Lachotzki Elsbeth H.
Published: December 2022

Pregnant women’s perspectives should be included in the dialogue surrounding the expanding offers of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), especially now that technological possibilities are rapidly increasing. This study evaluated women’s experiences with the offer of genome-wide (GW) first-tier NIPT in a national screening program. A nationwide pre-and post-test questionnaire was completed by 473 pregnant women choosing between targeted NIPT (trisomies 21, 18 and 13 only) and GW-NIPT (also other findings) within the Dutch TRIDENT-2 study. Measures included satisfaction, reasons for or against choosing GW-NIPT, anxiety, and opinion on the future scope of NIPT. Most respondents (90.4%) were glad to have been offered the choice between GW-NIPT and targeted NIPT; 76.5% chose GW-NIPT. Main reasons to choose GW-NIPT were ‘wanting as much information as possible regarding the child’s health’ (38.6%) and ‘to be prepared for everything’ (23.8%). Main reasons to choose targeted NIPT were ‘avoiding uncertain results/outcomes’ (33.7%) and ‘not wanting to unnecessarily worry’ (32.6%). Nearly all respondents received a low-risk NIPT result (98.7%). No differences were found in anxiety between women choosing GW-NIPT and targeted NIPT. Most respondents were favorable toward future prenatal screening for a range of conditions, including life-threatening disorders, mental disabilities, disorders treatable in pregnancy and severe physical disabilities, regardless of their choice for GW-NIPT or targeted NIPT. In conclusion, women who chose first-tier NIPT were satisfied with the choice between GW-NIPT and targeted NIPT, and most women were favorable toward a broader future screening offer. Our results contribute to the debate concerning the expansion of NIPT.
Gut microbiota in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Nishiwaki Hiroshi , Ueyama Jun , Kashihara Kenichi , Ito Mikako , Hamaguchi Tomonari , Maeda Tetsuya , Tsuboi Yoshio , Katsuno Masahisa , Hirayama Masaaki , Ohno Kinji
Published: December 2022

Gut microbiota and fecal bile acids were analyzed in 278 patients with α-synucleinopathies, which were comprised of 28 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 224 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 26 patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). Similarly to PD, short-chain fatty acids-producing genera were decreased in DLB. Additionally,Ruminococcus torquesandCollinsellawere increased in DLB, which were not changed in PD. Random forest models to differentiate DLB and PD showed that highRuminococcus torquesand highCollinsella, which presumably increase intestinal permeability, as well as lowBifidobacterium, which are also observed in Alzheimer’s disease, were predictive of DLB. AsRuminococcus torquesandCollinsellaare also major secondary bile acids-producing bacteria, we quantified fecal bile acids and found that the production of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was high in DLB. Increased UDCA in DLB may mitigate neuroinflammation at the substantia nigra, whereas neuroinflammation may not be critical at the neocortex. Theraeutic intervention to increaseBifidobacteirumand its metabolites may retard the development and progression of DLB.
Drug coated balloon improves outcomes of sub-optimal Supera deployment in the intermediate term
Authors: Krishnan Prakash , Sharma Raman , Avadhani Sriya , Tarricone Arthur , Gee Allen , Farhan Serdar , Kamran Haroon , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin
Published: December 2022

Sub-Optimal deployment of Self expanding interwoven stents (Supera) has been shown to increase the rate of Clinically Driven Target Lesion Revascularization (CD-TLR). Meanwhile, drug coated balloons (DCB) have been shown to reduce CD-TLR in the femoral-popliteal segment in de- novo and restenotic lesions. However, the clinical effects of vessel preparation with DCB in nominal, compressed, and elongated Supera has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of clinically driven re-intervention, major amputations, and mortality in relation to the use of DCB as vessel preparation in different deployment conditions (nominal, compressed, elongated) of the Supera stent. Patient chart data was collected at a single center hospital between March 2015 and May 2020. All patients were adults (≥ 18 years old) and were treated with at least one (≥ 1) Supera stent. Deployment status was extrapolated from anonymized angiograms. The primary endpoint of this study was CD-TLR. Secondary endpoints included amputation and mortality rates associated with each deployment condition. A total of 670 limbs were treated and patients were followed for 36 months. Nominal stent deployment was observed in 337 limbs, followed by elongated condition (n = 176), then by compressed conditions (n = 159). CD-TLR was observed most frequently with elongated deployment. Drug coated balloons were used as vessel prep prior to stenting and showed a protective effect regardless of deployment status; O.R = 0.44 (CI 0.30–0.66, p < .05).
Association between control group therapy and magnitude of clinical benefit of cancer drugs
Authors: Molto Consolacion , Tibau Ariadna , Bujosa Aida , Tapia Jose Carlos , Mittal Abhenil , Tamimi Faris , Amir Eitan
Published: December 2022

Little is known about the impact of control group therapy on clinical benefit scales such as American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework (ASCO-VF), European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Evidence Blocks and ASCO Cancer Research Committee (ASCO-CRC). We searched Drugs@FDA to identify cancer drugs approved between January 2012 and December 2021 based on randomized trials (RCTs). Definition of substantial clinical benefit was based on recommendations for each scale. Associations between characteristics of control group therapy and clinical benefit were explored using logistic regression. RCTs with a control group of active treatment plus placebo were associated with significantly lower odds of substantial benefit with ESMO-MCBS (OR 0.27, P = 0.003) and ASCO-VF (OR 0.30, P = 0.008) but not with NCCN Evidence Blocks or ASCO-CRC. This effect was attenuated and lost statistical significance without adjustment for quality of life (QoL) and/or toxicity (ESMO-MCBS OR 0.50, P = 0.17; ASCO-VF OR 0.49, P = 0.11). Clinical benefit scales can be sensitive to control group therapy. RCTs with substantial overlap between experimental and control therapy showed lower magnitude of clinical benefit using ESMO-MCBS and ASCO-VF scales; possibly due to differences in the weighting of QoL and toxicity between different frameworks.
The neurobiological basis of affect is consistent with psychological construction theory and shares a common neural basis across emotional categories
Authors: Gündem Doğa , Potočnik Jure , De Winter François-Laurent , El Kaddouri Amal , Stam Daphne , Peeters Ronald , Emsell Louise , Sunaert Stefan , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Feldman Barrett Lisa , Van den Stock Jan
Published: December 2022

Affective experience colours everyday perception and cognition, yet its fundamental and neurobiological basis is poorly understood. The current debate essentially centers around the communalities and specificities across individuals, events, and emotional categories like anger, sadness, and happiness. Using fMRI during the experience of these emotions, we critically compare the two dominant conflicting theories on human affect. Basic emotion theory posits emotions as discrete universal entities generated by dedicated emotion category-specific neural circuits, while psychological construction theory claims emotional events as unique, idiosyncratic, and constructed by psychological primitives like core affect and conceptualization, which underlie each emotional event and operate in a predictive framework. Based on the findings of 8 a priori-defined model-specific prediction tests on the neural response amplitudes and patterns, we conclude that the neurobiological basis of affect is primarily characterized by idiosyncratic mechanisms and a common neural basis shared across emotion categories, consistent with psychological construction theory. The findings provide further insight into the organizational principles of the neural basis of affect and brain function in general. Future studies in clinical populations with affective symptoms may reveal the corresponding underlying neural changes from a psychological construction perspective.
Deep learning-based age estimation from chest X-rays indicates cardiovascular prognosis
Authors: Ieki Hirotaka , Ito Kaoru , Saji Mike , Kawakami Rei , Nagatomo Yuji , Takada Kaori , Kariyasu Toshiya , Machida Haruhiko , Koyama Satoshi , Yoshida Hiroki , Kurosawa Ryo , Matsunaga Hiroshi , Miyazawa Kazuo , Ozaki Kouichi , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Katsushika Susumu , Matsuoka Ryo , Shinohara Hiroki , Yamaguchi Toshihiro , Kodera Satoshi , Higashikuni Yasutomi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Akazawa Hiroshi , Iguchi Nobuo , Isobe Mitsuaki , Yoshikawa Tsutomu , Komuro Issei
Published: December 2022

Background

In recent years, there has been considerable research on the use of artificial intelligence to estimate age and disease status from medical images. However, age estimation from chest X-ray (CXR) images has not been well studied and the clinical significance of estimated age has not been fully determined.

Methods

To address this, we trained a deep neural network (DNN) model using more than 100,000 CXRs to estimate the patients’ age solely from CXRs. We applied our DNN to CXRs of 1562 consecutive hospitalized heart failure patients, and 3586 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with cardiovascular disease.

Results

The DNN’s estimated age (X-ray age) showed a strong significant correlation with chronological age on the hold-out test data and independent test data. Elevated X-ray age is associated with worse clinical outcomes (heart failure readmission and all-cause death) for heart failure. Additionally, elevated X-ray age was associated with a worse prognosis in 3586 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that X-ray age can serve as a useful indicator of cardiovascular abnormalities, which will help clinicians to predict, prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases.
Amylase degradation enhanced NIR photothermal therapy and fluorescence imaging of bacterial biofilm infections
Authors: Yuwen Lihui , Xiao Huayu , Lu Pei , Chen Xiaolong , Li Jianguang , Xiu Weijun , Gan Siyu , Yang Dongliang , Wang Lianhui
Published: December 2022

A two-dimensional theranostic nanoagent was developed for enzyme degradation enhanced photothermal therapy and fluorescence imaging of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm infections.