bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between trends in clinical variables and outcome in intensive care patients with faecal peritonitis: analysis of the GenOSept cohort
Authors: Tridente Ascanio , Clarke Geraldine M , Walden Andrew , Gordon Anthony C , Hutton Paula , Chiche Jean-Daniel , Holloway Paul AH , Mills Gary H , Bion Julian , Stüber Frank , Garrard Christopher , Hinds Charles ,   on behalf of the GenOSept Investigators
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Patients admitted to intensive care following surgery for faecal peritonitis present particular challenges in terms of clinical management and risk assessment. Collaborating surgical and intensive care teams need shared perspectives on prognosis. We aimed to determine the relationship between dynamic assessment of trends in selected variables and outcomes.

Methods

We analysed trends in physiological and laboratory variables during the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in 977 patients at 102 centres across 16 European countries. The primary outcome was 6-month mortality. Secondary endpoints were ICU, hospital and 28-day mortality. For each trend, Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex, were performed for each endpoint.

Results

Trends over the first 7 days of the ICU stay independently associated with 6-month mortality were worsening thrombocytopaenia (mortality: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01 to 1.03; P <0.001) and renal function (total daily urine output: HR =1.02; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.03; P <0.001; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) renal subscore: HR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.047), maximum bilirubin level (HR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99 to 0.99; P = 0.02) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) SOFA subscore (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.028). Changes in renal function (total daily urine output and renal component of the SOFA score), GCS component of the SOFA score, total SOFA score and worsening thrombocytopaenia were also independently associated with secondary outcomes (ICU, hospital and 28-day mortality). We detected the same pattern when we analysed trends on days 2, 3 and 5. Dynamic trends in all other measured laboratory and physiological variables, and in radiological findings, changes inrespiratory support, renal replacement therapy and inotrope and/or vasopressor requirements failed to be retained as independently associated with outcome in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Only deterioration in renal function, thrombocytopaenia and SOFA score over the first 2, 3, 5 and 7 days of the ICU stay were consistently associated with mortality at all endpoints. These findings may help to inform clinical decision making in patients with this common cause of critical illness.
Synthesis, properties and potential applications of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Han Sang A , Bhatia Ravi , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: April 2015

In recent years, 2-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and h-BN have been spotlighted, because of their unique properties and high potential applicability. Among these 2D materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their unusual electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Also, TMDs have virtually unlimited potential in various fields, including electronic, optoelectronic, sensing, and energy storage applications. For these various applications, there are many methods for sample preparation, such as the mechanical, liquid exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition techniques. In this review, we introduce the properties, preparation methods and various applications of TMDs materials.
Is the presence of keratinized mucosa associated with periimplant tissue health? A clinical cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ladwein Catharina , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Nelson Katja , Fluegge Tabea Viktoria , Fretwurst Tobias
Published: April 2015

Background

Long-term data concerning the impact of missing keratinized mucosa (KM) on periimplant tissue health are rare. The importance of KM for implant success remains unclear.

Methods

Two hundred eleven patients with 967 dental implants were analyzed up to 15 years after implant placement. Implants were divided into two groups: no keratinized mucosa (NKM) and KM. Evaluated parameters were plaque index (mAPI), bleeding index (mSBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), width of KM, and radiographic vertical bone level.

Results

mAPI, mSBI, and BOP were significantly higher for the NKM group. Implants of both groups showed no significant difference in PD and vertical bone level. Of the implants in the posterior regions (n = 261), 40.3% (regions 37 to 34, 44 to 47, 27 to 24, 17 to 14) showed NKM, whereas 30.4% of the implants in the anterior regions (regions 13 to 23; regions 33 to 43) presented NKM (n = 97).

Conclusions

Results indicate that the presence of KM has a positive effect on periimplant tissue health, but does not seem to have an influence on the periimplant bone level.
Subtype Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Predicts Benefit From Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients Undergoing Complete Resection
Authors: Tsao Ming-Sound , Marguet Sophie , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Lantuejoul Sylvie , Shepherd Frances A. , Seymour Lesley , Kratzke Robert , Graziano Stephen L. , Popper Helmut H. , Rosell Rafael , Douillard Jean-Yves , Le-Chevalier Thierry , Pignon Jean-Pierre , Soria Jean-Charles , Brambilla Elisabeth M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

The classification for invasive lung adenocarcinoma by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, and WHO is based on the predominant histologic pattern—lepidic (LEP), papillary (PAP), acinar (ACN), micropapillary (MIP), or solid (SOL)—present in the tumor. This classification has not been tested in multi-institutional cohorts or clinical trials or tested for its predictive value regarding survival from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT).

Patients and Methods

Of 1,766 patients in the IALT, JBR.10, CALGB 9633 (Alliance), and ANITA ACT trials included in the LACE-Bio study, 725 had adenocarcinoma. Histologies were reclassified according to the new classification and then collapsed into three groups (LEP, ACN/PAP, and MIP/SOL). Primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and specific DFS (SDFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated through multivariable Cox models stratified by trial. Prognostic value was estimated in the observation arm and predictive value by a treatment effect interaction with histologic subgroups. Significance level was set at .01 for pooled analysis.

Results

A total of 575 patients were included in this analysis. OS was not prognostically different between histologic subgroups, but univariable DFS and SDFS were worse for MIP/SOL compared with LEP or ACN/PAP subgroup (P < .01); this remained marginally significant after adjustment. MIP/SOL patients (but not ACN/PAP) derived DFS and SDFS but not OS benefit from ACT (OS: HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.99; interaction P = .18; DFS: HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.82; interaction P = < .01; and SDFS: HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.81; interaction P = .01).

Conclusion

The new lung adenocarcinoma classification based on predominant histologic pattern was not predictive for ACT benefit for OS, but it seems predictive for disease-specific outcomes.
Symptoms and Distress in Children With Advanced Cancer: Prospective Patient-Reported Outcomes From the PediQUEST Study
Authors: Wolfe Joanne , Orellana Liliana , Ullrich Christina , Cook E. Francis , Kang Tammy I. , Rosenberg Abby , Geyer Russ , Feudtner Chris , Dussel Veronica
Published: April 2015

Purpose

Thousands of children are living with advanced cancer; yet patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have rarely been used to describe their experiences. We aimed to describe symptom distress in 104 children age 2 years or older with advanced cancer enrolled onto the Pediatric Quality of Life and Evaluation of Symptoms Technology (PediQUEST) Study (multisite clinical trial evaluating an electronic PRO system).

Methods

Symptom data were collected using age- and respondent-adapted versions of the PediQUEST Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (PQ-MSAS) at most once per week. Clinical and treatment data were obtained from medical records. Individual symptom scores were dichotomized into high/low distress. Determinants of PQ-MSAS scores were explored using linear mixed-effects models.

Results

During 9 months of follow-up, PQ-MSAS was administered 920 times: 459 times in teens (99% self-report), 249 times in children ages 7 to 12 years (96% child/parent report), and 212 times in those ages 2 to 6 years (parent reports). Common symptoms included pain (48%), fatigue (46%), drowsiness (39%), and irritability (37%); most scores indicated high distress. Among the 73 PQ-MSAS surveys administered in the last 12 weeks of life, pain was highly prevalent (62%; 58% with high distress). Being female, having a brain tumor, experiencing recent disease progression, and receiving moderate- or high-intensity cancer-directed therapy in the prior 10 days were associated with worse PQ-MSAS scores. In the final 12 weeks of life, receiving mild cancer-directed therapy was associated with improved psychological PQ-MSAS scores.

Conclusion

Children with advanced cancer experience high symptom distress. Strategies to promote intensive symptom management are indicated, especially with disease progression or administration of intensive treatments.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Current State and Future Directions
Authors: Fakih Marwan G.
Published: April 2015

Substantial improvements have been made in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer over the last two decades. The overall survival of patients diagnosed with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer has increased from approximately 1 year during the era of fluoropyrimidine monotherapy to more than 30 months with the integration of multiple cytotoxic agents and targeted therapies. More effective therapeutic combinations have increased the rate of curative-intent surgical resections, resulting in median survival in this subgroup that exceed 5 years. Here we review the landscape of systemic therapies for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer during the current era of targeted therapies, review the effects of RAS and BRAF mutations on clinical decision making, and reflect on future directions for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
Update on Metastatic Gastric and Esophageal Cancers
Authors: Shah Manish A.
Published: April 2015

Cancers of the stomach and esophagus are among the most challenging cancers of the GI tract to treat, associated with poor median survivals for metastatic disease and significant, sometimes prolonged, deteriorations in patient performance status as the diseases progress. However, in the past decade, we have begun to better understand disease biology and carcinogenesis, leading to the identification of subtypes of these diseases. There is also an increasing awareness of the global heterogeneity of disease and its impact on drug development. Our improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of gastric and esophageal cancers has been accompanied with the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent actively investigated targets in this disease include human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, angiogenesis, MET, and immune checkpoint inhibition, with approvals of two new targeted agents, trastuzumab and ramucirumab. Improvements in our ability to deliver cytotoxic therapy, which is better tolerated and allows patients an opportunity to benefit from second- and more advanced lines of therapy, have also been observed. In this review, the current state-of-the-art management of advanced and metastatic gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas, specifically highlighting the development of targeted therapies in these diseases, is described.
Lineage tracing of neuromesodermal progenitors reveals novel Wnt-dependent roles in trunk progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation
Authors: Garriock Robert J. , Chalamalasetty Ravindra B. , Kennedy Mark W. , Canizales Lauren C. , Lewandoski Mark , Yamaguchi Terry P.
Published: April 2015

In the development of the vertebrate body plan, Wnt3a is thought to promote the formation of paraxial mesodermal progenitors (PMPs) of the trunk region while suppressing neural specification. Recent lineage-tracing experiments have demonstrated that these trunk neural progenitors and PMPs derive from a common multipotent progenitor called the neuromesodermal progenitor (NMP). NMPs are known to reside in the anterior primitive streak (PS) region; however, the extent to which NMPs populate the PS and contribute to the vertebrate body plan, and the precise role that Wnt3a plays in regulating NMP self-renewal and differentiation are unclear. To address this, we used cell-specific markers (Sox2 and T) and tamoxifen-induced Cre recombinase-based lineage tracing to locate putative NMPs in vivo. We provide functional evidence for NMP location primarily in the epithelial PS, and to a lesser degree in the ingressed PS. Lineage-tracing studies in Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway mutants provide genetic evidence that trunk progenitors normally fated to enter the mesodermal germ layer can be redirected towards the neural lineage. These data, combined with previous PS lineage-tracing studies, support a model that epithelial anterior PS cells are Sox2+T+ multipotent NMPs and form the bulk of neural progenitors and PMPs of the posterior trunk region. Finally, we find that Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling directs trunk progenitors towards PMP fates; however, our data also suggest that Wnt3a positively supports a progenitor state for both mesodermal and neural progenitors.
Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms regulating satellite cell function
Authors: Dumont Nicolas A. , Wang Yu Xin , Rudnicki Michael A.
Published: April 2015

Muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells, are crucial for skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. In healthy adult muscle, satellite cells are quiescent but poised for activation. During muscle regeneration, activated satellite cells transiently re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate and subsequently exit the cell cycle to differentiate or self-renew. Recent studies have demonstrated that satellite cells are heterogeneous and that subpopulations of satellite stem cells are able to perform asymmetric divisions to generate myogenic progenitors or symmetric divisions to expand the satellite cell pool. Thus, a complex balance between extrinsic cues and intrinsic regulatory mechanisms is needed to tightly control satellite cell cycle progression and cell fate determination. Defects in satellite cell regulation or in their niche, as observed in degenerative conditions such as aging, can impair muscle regeneration. Here, we review recent discoveries of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate satellite cell behaviour in regenerating and degenerating muscles.
c-Kit+ cells isolated from human fetal retinas represent a new population of retinal progenitor cells
Authors: Zhou Peng-Yi , Peng Guang-Hua , Xu Haiwei , Yin Zheng Qin
Published: April 2015

Definitive surface markers for retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are still lacking. Therefore, we sorted c-Kit+ and stage-specific embryonic antigen-4− (SSEA4−) retinal cells for further biological characterization. RPCs were isolated from human fetal retinas (gestational age of 12–14 weeks). c-Kit+/SSEA4− RPCs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and their proliferation and differentiation capabilities were evaluated by using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The effectiveness and safety were assessed following injection of c-Kit+/SSEA4− cells into the subretina of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats. c-Kit+ cells were found in the inner part of the fetal retina. Sorted c-Kit+/SSEA4− cells expressed retinal stem cell markers. Our results clearly demonstrate the proliferative potential of these cells. Moreover, c-Kit+/SSEA4− cells differentiated into retinal cells that expressed markers of photoreceptor cells, ganglion cells and glial cells. These cells survived for at least 3 months after transplantation into the host subretinal space. Teratomas were not observed in the c-Kit+/SSEA4−-cell group. Thus, c-Kit can be used as a surface marker for RPCs, and c-Kit+/SSEA4− RPCs exhibit the ability to self-renew and differentiate into retinal cells.
A BODIPY-based NIR Probe for Detecting Mercury(II) in Solution and in Living Cells
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Jiamin , Zhao Weili , Dong Xiaochun
Published: April 2015

A new BODIPY-based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, based on the deprotection of dithioacetal, has been developed, with good selectivity for Hg2+. The proposed sensing mechanism was supported by 1H NMR studies. Moreover, the probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of Hg2+ in Human Hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells under physiological conditions.
Organizing to Adapt and Compete
Authors: Alonso Ricardo , Dessein Wouter , Matouschek Niko
Published: April 2015

We examine the relationship between the organization of a multi-divisional firm and its ability to adapt production decisions to changes in the environment. We show that even if lower-level managers have superior information about local conditions, and incentive conflicts are negligible, a centralized organization can be better at adapting to local information than a decentralized one. As a result, and in contrast to what is commonly argued, an increase in product market competition that makes adaptation more important can favor centralization rather than decentralization. (JEL D21, D23, F23, L22)
Loss Aversion and Consumption Choice: Theory and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Karle Heiko , Kirchsteiger Georg , Peitz Martin
Published: April 2015

We analyze a consumer-choice model with price uncertainty, loss aversion, and expectation-based reference points. The implications of this model are tested in an experiment in which participants have to make a consumption choice between two sandwiches. Participants differ in their reported taste for the two sandwiches and in their degree of loss aversion, which we measure separately. We find that more-loss-averse participants are more likely to opt for the cheaper sandwich, in line with theoretical predictions. The estimates in the model with rational expectations are slightly more significant than those with naïve expectations. (JEL D11, D12, D84, M31)
Ozone in the Atlantic Ocean marine boundary layer
Authors: Boylan Patrick , Helmig Detlev , Oltmans Samuel
Published: April 2015

In situ atmospheric ozone measurements aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown during the 2008 Gas-Ex and AMMA research cruises were compared with data from four island and coastal Global Atmospheric Watch stations in the Atlantic Ocean to examine ozone transport in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Ozone measurements made at Tudor Hill, Bermuda, were subjected to continental outflow from the east coast of the United States, which resulted in elevated ozone levels above 50 ppbv. Ozone measurements at Cape Verde, Republic of Cape Verde, approached 40 ppbv in springtime and were influenced by outflow from Northern Africa. At Ragged Point, Barbados, ozone levels were ∼ 21 ppbv; back trajectories showed the source region to be the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Ozone measurements from Ushuaia, Argentina, indicated influence from the nearby city; however, the comparison of the daily maxima ozone mole fractions measured at Ushuaia and aboard the Gas-Ex cruise revealed that these were representative of background ozone in higher latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. Diurnal ozone cycles in the shipborne data, frequently reaching 6–7 ppbv, were larger than most previous reports from coastal or island monitoring locations and simulations based on HOx photochemistry alone. However, these data show better agreement with recent ozone modeling that included ozone-halogen chemistry. The transport time between station and ship was estimated from HYSPLIT back trajectories, and the change of ozone mole fractions during transport in the MBL was estimated. Three comparisons showed declining ozone levels; in the subtropical and tropical North Atlantic Ocean the loss of ozone was < 1.5 ppbv day−1. Back trajectories at Ushuaia were too inconsistent to allow for this determination. Comparisons between ship and station measurements showed that ozone behavior and large-scale (∼ 1000 km) multi-day transport features were well retained during transport in the MBL.
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Status of Community-Dwelling Black and White Americans
Authors: Berg Anders H , Powe Camille E , Evans Michele K , Wenger Julia , Ortiz Guillermo , Zonderman Alan B , Suntharalingam Pirianthini , Lucchesi Kathryn , Powe Neil R , Karumanchi S Ananth , Thadhani Ravi I
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] is a metabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D). Blacks frequently have low total 25D without manifestations of vitamin D deficiency, suggesting that total serum 25D may incorrectly reflect vitamin D status in different racial groups. The ratio of serum 24,25(OH)2D to 25D [vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR)] represents a new candidate biomarker for vitamin D status.

METHODS

We measured 24,25(OH)2D3 and 25D3 by mass spectrometry in a random community cohort of black (n = 212) and white (n = 164) Americans to evaluate VMR as a marker for vitamin D status. We measured parathyroid hormone concentrations by immunoassay to compare VMR and 25D3 against a physiological indicator of vitamin D deficiency.

RESULTS

Serum 24,25(OH)2D3 strongly correlated with 25D3 in both black and white study participants (r = 0.90, P < 0.001 and r = 0.86, P < 0.001 respectively). Blacks had lower mean 25D3 than whites [17.0 (7.8) vs 27.5 (11.3) ng/mL; 42.4 (19.5) vs 68.6 (28.2) nmol/L, P < 0.001] and lower mean 24,25(OH)2D3 [2.1 (1.3) vs 3.6 (2.0) ng/mL; 5.1 (3.1) vs 8.7 (4.8) nmol/L, P < 0.001]. In contrast to total 25D3 concentrations, mean VMR values were similar in blacks and whites [11.9 (4.0) vs 12.5 (3.4), P = 0.16, respectively] and were negatively correlated with parathyroid hormone concentrations in both races (rs = −0.26, P < 0.001, and rs = −0.25, P < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results provide further evidence that measurement of total 25D for assessment of vitamin D status in patients of African descent deserves reevaluation and suggest that alternative measures such as VMR should be considered.
Guerra santa y órdenes militares ibéricas (1150-1250)
Authors: Rodríguez-Picavea Matilla Enrique
Published: April 2015

El artículo analiza el papel de las órdenes militares ibéricas en la guerra santa contra los musulmanes (1150-1250). En primer lugar, se estudia la labor de las órdenes en la defensa de los reinos cristianos. En segundo lugar, se profundiza en la iniciativa de estas instituciones en la guerra santa ofensiva. En tercer lugar, se atiende a la participación de las órdenes militares en las campañas de la monarquía. Finalmente, se realiza una valoración del papel desarrollado por las órdenes militares en la guerra santa.
Sacralización de la guerra en el siglo X: la perspectiva pamplonesa
Authors: Miranda García Fermín
Published: April 2015

A finales del siglo X los círculos intelectuales del reino de Pamplona construyen un programa ideológico basado en la reivindicación de la guerra como un instrumento sagrado destinado a la salvación del pueblo cristiano frente a los musulmanes opresores. Con ese objetivo se construyen crónicas, poemas, documentos y obras de arte, en las que alcanzan un protagonismo especial figuras como el arcángel san Miguel y el profeta Daniel, o el propio fundador de la dinastía, el rey Sancho I Garcés.
Cruzadas, cruzados y videojuegos
Authors: Jiménez Alcázar Juan Francisco
Published: April 2015

El impacto del videojuego en nuestra sociedad es enorme, sobre todo por su expansión y uso entre las nuevas generaciones. El aprendizaje de determinados contenidos de tipo histórico entre los jugadores es un hecho, aunque se trate de manera tangencial. Los juegos centrados en las Cruzadas han sido numerosos y de gran éxito comercial, lo que se ha traducido en que los usuarios manejen ciertos elementos referidos al ámbito cruzado y que derivan en una concepción inédita hasta la fecha de lo que representaron estos hechos en Tierra Santa. El estudio versa sobre un estado de la cuestión acerca del elenco de títulos existentes en el mercado, así como el de un análisis del tema en su conjunto y su incidencia en la comprensión de la ciencia histórica en particular.
La (re)conquista cristiana de Toledo: un estudio sobre los nuevos patrones de ordenamiento del territorio y sus habitantes
Authors: Estevez María de la Paz
Published: April 2015

La conquista de Toledo en 1085 conllevó la implementación de una serie de medidas por parte de la monarquía cristiana para reordenar a la población de la región bajo nuevos patrones. Nos interesa examinar, a partir del estudio de los fueros concedidos a sus habitantes, los cambios que se observan en sus formas de ordenamiento, así como el trato que los nuevos poderes le dieron a la población sometida, en su mayoría mozárabe. El estudio de las nuevas normas impuestas por los recién llegados, así como el análisis de sus políticas económicas, nos acercan a cuestiones que van más allá del estudio descriptivo de las medidas implementadas entre los siglos XI y XIII, por el contrario, nos permiten analizar las formas de inclusión y exclusión que se practicaron, y las dinámicas de homogeneización que pudieron haberse llevado a cabo para borrar herencias culturales y sociales. Esto último, además, permitirá evaluar críticamente el concepto de convivencia, muy extendido en la historiografía dedicada al estudio de la historia medieval de la Península Ibérica, término que no siempre encuentra correspondencia con el análisis empírico.
Estratificación social y matrimonio en el siglo XV valenciano: una visión sobre las comarcas del norte de Alicante
Authors: Piqueras Juan Jaime
Published: April 2015

El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de la utilización del matrimonio como medio de movilidad social en el contexto de la sociedad valenciana tardomedieval. Para ello, se ha realizado la consulta de una serie de contratos nupciales, documentos de aplicación del derecho de origen notarial, en cantidad suficiente para constituir una muestra representativa y se ha establecido una propuesta metodológica en lo relativo a la estructuración en niveles socioprofesionales de la sociedad objeto de la investigación, la constituida por las ciudades del sur valenciano y norte del Alicante actual. Los datos expuestos ofrecen una nueva visión sobre la movilidad social observada en niveles locales, con resultados que relacionan movilidad social, matrimonio y actividad productiva.
Migracions mudèjars i disputes senyorials al sud valencià a les darreries de l’Edat Mitjana
Authors: Ponsoda López de Atalaya Santiago
Published: April 2015

El descens de la població islàmica al regne de València, des del moment de la conquesta, i la seua importància econòmica van fer que durant el segle XV tant la monarquia com els senyors tractaren de mantenir o atraure als seus territoris a vassalls musulmans. Aquesta lluita per la ma d’obra va provocar nombrosos conflictes entre els interessats. Un fenomen aquest que es va manifestar molt clarament a les terres del sud valencià, on la població musulmana va continuar sent majoritària en moltes localitats.
Diferencias en factores de riesgo para la salud entre adolescentes tardíos/jóvenes y adultos
Authors: Esteve Cavero Aurora
Published: April 2015

Fundamento: Casi dos tercios de las muertes prematuras y un tercio de la carga total de morbilidad en adultos se asocian a comportamientos que comenzaron en su juventud. La literatura, identifica problemas de salud estrechamente relacionados con la adolescencia que se asocian a conductas de riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar si en factores de riesgo para la salud particularmente importantes en la adolescencia/ juventud existen diferencias con la edad adulta. Método: Se plantea un estudio transversal analítico, en el que se analizan datos obtenidos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, para dos grupos de población, (adolescentes tardíos/ jóvenes y adultos). Se han seleccionado las variables relacionadas con las conductas de riesgo en la adolescencia y juventud. Para las variables categóricas se ha utilizado el test de chi- cuadrado de Pearson, aplicando la corrección de Yates en variables dicotómicas. Para las variables no categóricas se contrasta la igualdad de medianas (test de rangos de Wilcoxson) y de medias (t de Student) Resultados: Se han detectado diferencias estadísticamente significativas para determinados comportamientos como el consumo de alcohol y tabaco y en relación a la alimentación los resultados muestran que son los adultos los que siguen en mayor medida dietas, pero al analizar los motivos, los resultados muestran que es mayor el porcentaje de adolescentes tardíos que siguen una dieta para adelgazar. Conclusión: Se aportan datos sobre diferencias en factores de riesgo para la salud entre adolescentes y adultos, que pueden ser de utilidad para diseñar acciones preventivas específicas.
Influencia de las creencias androcéntricas en la vivencia de la maternidad en mujeres de una comarca rural (España)
Authors: Torres Luzón Cristina , Romo Avilés Nuria , Gil-García Eugenia
Published: April 2015

Introducción: La maternidad está impregnada de creencias androcéntricas que ponen en riesgo a las mujeres. Estos riesgos se basan en las sobrecargas físicas, psicológicas y emocionales que se producen en las madres. Objetivo: Conocer cómo influyen las creencias androcéntricas de un grupo de mujeres rurales en su proceso de maternidad. Método: Investigación cualitativa a través de 11 entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a las puérperas del hospital de Guadix. Los datos fueron analizados con el método descubrimiento, codificación y relativización. Resultados: Las mujeres presentan sentimientos de miedo, culpa e inseguridad. La figura paterna no se involucra en la crianza ni en el hogar. La red de apoyo a las madres la forman sólo mujeres, generalmente de la familia. Discusión-Conclusión: La perspectiva de género muestra las limitaciones y sobrecargas que producen las creencias androcéntricas en las madres. Dichas creencias merman la calidad de vida y ponen en riesgo la salud de las mujeres. Aportación para enfermería: El personal de enfermería debe conocer cómo afecta la mentalidad androcéntrica al proceso de maternidad. Debe detectar los factores que vulneran a las mujeres en su vivencia, además de capacitar a ambos sexos para un reparto igualitario de roles.
Estudio multicéntrico de intervención para la prevención de la exacerbación por Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. "APRENDEPOC"
Authors: Folch Ayora Ana , Orts Cortés María Isabel , Maciá Soler Loreto , Seijas-Babot N. , Hernández-Carcereny C.
Published: April 2015

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de educación terapéutica a pacientes que ingresan por exacerbación de la EPOC con respecto a utilización de recursos, manejo signos y síntomas, mortalidad, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), parámetros ventilatorios y la adherencia al tratamiento.
UTILIZAÇÃO DO EXPERIMENTO DE MISTURAS DE VÉRTICES EXTREMOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE DOCE DE LEITE COM SORO DE LEITE
Authors: Valente Gerson De Freitas Silva , Gaspardi Ana Laís Andrade , Oliveira Lara De Andrade
Published: April 2015

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo usar experimento de misturas de vértices extremos para encontrar a melhor formulação de doce de leite com adição de soro de leite. Os ensaios experimentais foram realizados com três componentes açúcar, leite e soro de leite, com três repetições no ponto central, totalizando 11 ensaios. Os extremos para o leite e o soro de leite foram 0 e 0,86 em fração mássica e para o açúcar, os extremos foram 0,09 e 0,14. A análise de aceitação do doce de leite quanto à cor, consistência e sabor com a escala hedônica de 9 pontos foi realizada após 15 dias de fabricação. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento na proporção de soro reduziu a aceitação do produto para todos os atributos avaliados. O contrário ocorreu quando se aumentou a proporção de leite no doce de leite, proporcionalmente provocou um aumento de maior intensidade na aceitação para a consistência do doce de leite. A obtenção de uma nota maior que 7,0 na escala hedônica (gostei regularmente) é possível quando se utiliza 0,35 da fração em massa em relação aos componentes leite, soro de leite e açúcar para fabricação do doce de leite.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E SENSORIAL DE IOGURTE SEMIDESNATADO ADICIONADO DE CONCENTRADO PROTEICO DE SORO
Authors: Antunes Andressa Regina , De Farinã Luciana Oliveira , Kottwitz Luciana Bill Mitiko , Passotto José Afonso
Published: April 2015

Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar a caracterização química e verificar a aceitabilidade de um iogurte semidesnatado adicionado com concentrado protéico de soro (WPC 35 %) e compará-lo ao iogurte tradicional, sem adição de qualquer fonte proteica. Para isso, foram elaboradas duas formulações: 1 – semidesnatado tradicional, e 2 - semidesnatado adicionado com WPC 35 %, com posterior avaliação das características físico-químicas de acidez, pH e viscosidade, bem como as análises composicionais dos teores de umidade, sólidos totais, cinzas, proteínas, gorduras e carboidratos de ambas as formulações. A análise sensorial foi realizada com 80 provadores não treinados, os quais tiveram como parâmetros de avaliação os aspectos de aparência, sabor, aroma e consistência. Os parâmetros aparência e consistência apresentaram diferença significativa entre as notas recebidas, sendo o iogurte adicionado com WPC 35 % o mais preferido nestes aspectos e com maior aceitação geral entre os provadores. Os resultados indicam que o uso de WPC 35 % em alimentos é uma alternativa promissora, considerando a aceitabilidade geral obtida, o conteúdo proteico benéfico à saúde dos consumidores, à melhoria das características tecnológicas proporcionada aos alimentos aliado à extensão em que é produzido, o baixo custo e à redução do dano causado ao meio ambiente.
EFEITO DO PAGAMENTO POR QUALIDADE DO LEITE NA RENTABILIDADE DA ATIVIDADE LEITEIRA
Authors: Pinheiro Teixeira Júnior Fernando Etiene , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Mendes Ruas José Reinaldo
Published: April 2015

Analisou-se, por meio de simulação, o efeito do pagamento por qualidade do leite na rentabilidade da atividade leiteira de um sistema de produção de leite com vacas F1 Holandês x Gir. Durante o período chuvoso, na época do verão, as vacas foram mantidas em pastos e, durante o período da seca, foram confinadas com o uso da cana-de-açúcar in natura enriquecida com ureia e sulfato de amônio. A referência zootécnica foi do rebanho da Fazenda Experimental de Felixlândia (FEFX) da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), localizada no município de Felixlândia-MG, região central do estado. O inventário bem como as despesas, as receitas e os demais dados foram cadastrados no software CUSTO BOVINO LEITE 1.0, visando obter a análise de rentabilidade. A utilização de práticas zootécnicas que possibilitam melhorias na qualidade do leite proporciona um diferencial da remuneração, advinda das bonificações, incrementa os resultados econômico-financeiros e melhora a rentabilidade do sistema de produção de leite analisado.
DETERMINAÇÃO DE Fe E Zn EM QUEIJOS PETIT SUISSE: ASPECTOS ANALÍTICOS E TEORES ENCONTRADOS EM AMOSTRAS COMERCIAIS
Authors: Sousa Rafael Arromba , Lisboa Thalles Pedrosa
Published: April 2015

O Petit Suisse é um queijo bastante popular entre o público infantil, apresenta-se geralmente enriquecido com as vitaminas D e E, além de sais minerais de cálcio, fósforo, zinco e ferro. Neste trabalho avaliaram-se criticamente os teores de Fe e Zn nesses queijos empregando a espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama (F AAS) e diferentes métodos de mineralização das amostras (via seca e via úmida). O método por via úmida, que foi adaptado para as amostras estudadas, forneceu resultados mais exatos e foi utilizado para análise de nove amostras comerciais,cujos teores de Fe variaram em uma faixa de concentração de 0,010 – 0,066 mg g-1 enquanto os teores de Zn ficaram entre 0,004 – 0,057 mg g-1. A presença destes micronutrientes também foi constatada em amostras comerciais não enriquecidas, portanto a qualidade do leite é de essencial importância nas características do produto final. O método proposto por via úmida é sensível o suficiente para determinação destes micronutrientes minerais.
More faithfulness graph embedding
Authors: Najim Alaa
Published: April 2015

Using dimensionality reduction idea to visualize graph data sets can preserve the properties of the original space and reveal the underlying information shared among data points. Continuity Trustworthy Graph Embedding (CTGE) is new method we have introduced in this paper to improve the faithfulness of the graph visualization. We will use CTGE in graph field to find new understandable representation to be more easy to analyze and study. Several experiments on real graph data sets are applied to test the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method, which showed CTGE generates highly faithfulness graph representation when compared its representation with other methods.
Crystallization of Fe-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Błoch K. , Nabiałek M. , Dośpiał M. , Garus S.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper is to present the results of crystallization studies for the bulk amorphous (Fe0.61Co0.10Zr0.025Hf0.025 Ti0.02W0.02B0.20)98Y2, Fe61Co10TixY6B20, Fe61Co10Ti2Y7B20 alloys. The crystallization of the alloys was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The amorphicity of the investigated alloys in the as-quenched state was testified using Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, X-ray diffractometry was applied to structure investigations of partially crystallized samples. The crystallization process in the investigated alloys occurs in one or two stages. Two peaks in the DSC curves can be overlapped or well separated indicating the complex crystallization processes. From X-ray diffraction we have stated that in both types of devitrification the crystalline phase can be ascribed to the α-FeCo. In the first stage the crystalline grains seem to grow from the nuclei frozen in the samples during the rapid quenching, whereas in the second one both the growth of the existed grains and creation of new ones during annealing may occur.
Recognition of Monochrome Thermal Images of Synchronous Motor with the Application of Skeletonization and Classifier Based on Words
Authors: Glowacz A. , Glowacz A. , Glowacz Z.
Published: April 2015

Thermography is a technology that enables recognition of objects in the specific area. The goal of using thermographic techniques for ironworks is to diagnose electrical equipment. These techniques can be also use to increase safety and quality control in ironworks. Faulty equipment can be dangerous for engineers. Article describes the method of the recognition of imminent failure states of synchronous motor. Thermal images of the stator are used for an analysis of electrical machine. Researches of image processing techniques have been carried out for three states of motor. Proposed approach uses patterns recognition. Using of medial axis transformation and classifier based on words gave good results. In the future electrical machines and metallurgical equipment will use diagnostic systems based on recognition of thermal images.
Application of Small Punch Test Method in Studies of the 14MoV63 Steel Before and After Revitalisation
Authors: Kłaput J.
Published: April 2015

The paper presents the results of studies of the chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel designed for operation at elevated temperatures. The material was examined after long-term operation and after the revitalising heat treatment. Studies were performed by conventional methods and small punch test. Curves of ductile-brittle transition were plotted from the Charpy V-notch impact tests and were next compared with the curves of sudden loss of ductility obtained in the small punch test. Additionally, for the material before and after revitalisation, the values of temperatures Tpk and Tnuc were calculated using the method of inflection point.
Investigation of Structure and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Based on Copper - Carbon Nanoparticles Powder Systems
Authors: Kovtun V. , Pasovets V. , Pieczonka T.
Published: April 2015

Physico-mechanical and structural properties of electrocontact sintered copper matrix- carbon nanoparticles composite powder materials are presented. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the influence of preliminary mechanical activation of the powder system on distribution of carbon nanoparticles in the metal matrix. Mechanical activation ensures mechanical bonding of nanoparticles to the surface of metal particles, thus giving a possibility for manufacture of a composite with high physico-mechanical properties.
Porous Carbon Materials for Elements in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Wlodarczyk R.
Published: April 2015

The porosity, distribution of pores, shape of pores and specific surface area of carbon materials were investigated. The study of sintered graphite and commercial carbon materials used in low-temperature fuel cells (Graphite Grade FU, Toray Teflon Treated) was compared. The study covered measurements of density, microstructural examinations and wettability (contact angle) of carbon materials. The main criterion adopted for choosing a particular material for components of fuel cells is their corrosion resistance under operating conditions of hydrogen fuel cells. In order to determine resistance to corrosion in the environment of operation of fuel cells, potentiokinetic curves were registered for synthetic solution 0.1M H2SO4+ 2 ppmF-at 80°C.
Analysis of the Alternate Extrusion and Multiaxial Compression Process
Authors: Kwapisz M. , Knapiński M. , Dyja H. , Kawałek A.
Published: April 2015

The paper present the results of numerical simulations of the alternate indirect extrusion and multiaxial compression process, performed using commercial software designed for the thermomechanical analysis of plastic working processes, Forge 2009. The novel method of alternate indirect extrusion and multiaxial compression, proposed by the authors, is characterized by the occurrence of strain states in the material being plastically worked, which are similar to those occurring in the equal channel angular pressing and cyclic extrusion compression processes.

It can be found from preliminary studies carried out that the two alternate operations, i.e. extrusion and multiaxial compression, result in a strain accumulation and the formation of a strain state particularly favourable to grain refinement.

As shown by preliminary numerical studies performed by the authors, a zone of large plastic strains forms at the lateral side of the stamping during extrusion of material, which gradually fades along the stamping axis direction. After the multiaxial compression operation, when the material has been brought again to its original shape, the large strains zone moves and then settles in the form of a torus under the stamp. The subsequent extrusion process results in the formation of a new large strains zone being located at the lateral stamping side, and, at the same time, the displacement of the previously deformed material towards its axis. Repeating the above operations many times should bring about large magnitudes of homogeneous deformation within the entire volume of the material examined. The main problem during carrying out practical tests will be to determine the optimal shapes of dies and stamps, which would assure the intended strain state to be obtained in the material, and would also prevent the buckling and overlaps of the material during multiaxial compression.
The Effect of Powder Particle Biencapsulation with Ni-P Layer on Local Corrosion of Bonded Nd-(Fe,Co)-B Magnetic Material
Authors: Klimecka-Tatar D. , Pawłowska G. , Sozańska M.
Published: April 2015

Effect of the Nd-(Fe,Co)-B powder particle biencapsulation with Ni-P layer on bonded magnetic materials corrosion behaviour has been investigated. Bonded magnets were prepared from single-phase, nanocrystalline magnetic Nd11Fe77Co5B6 powder. Powder particles before consolidation were preliminary etched and then coated with bilayer (powder biencapsulation). The powder surface was coated as a first with autocatalytic applied Ni-P layer during 5, 15 and 30 minutes in Ni(II) containing bath and the second layer was thermosetting epoxy-resin. Impact of the used biencapsulation process was rated on the basis of polarization curves recorded in phosphate environment with addition of chloric ions. It has been established that the used biencapsulation method satisfactorily isolate individual particles of the powder and consequently, significantly inhibits corrosion processes of the final material, especially in passivating environment containing Cl-.
Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Rapidly Solidified 5083 Aluminium Alloy - Structure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Tokarski T.
Published: April 2015

Aluminium-magnesium 5083 alloy was rapidly solidified by means of melt spinning technique and plastically consolidated during subsequent hot extrusion process. As a result, rods 8 mm in diameter were obtained. Structure of as-extruded material is characterized by ultra-fined grains, which influences on increasement of mechanical properties of the material. The strengthening effect was further enhanced by application of thermo-mechanical treatment consist of cold rolling combined with isothermal annealing. As a result, reduction of grain size from ∼710 nm to ∼270 nm as well as enhancement of yield stress (330 MPa to 420 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (410 MPa to 460 MPa) were achieved. Based on received results Hall-Petch coefficients (σ0, k) for 5083 RS material were determined.
Application of Thermal Analysis Tests Results in the Numerical Simulations of Continuous Casting Process
Authors: Kargul T. , Wielgosz E. , Falkus J.
Published: April 2015

Measurement of thermophysical properties of steel is possible by using different thermal analysis techniques. In the field of metallurgy the most relevant methods are Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The paper presents the results of thermophysical properties which are necessary to carry out numerical simulation of continuous casting of steel. The study was performed for two steel grades S320GD and S235JR. The main aim of the research was to determine the dependence of specific heat on temperature. On the basis of obtained results the thermal effects of phase transformations and characteristic transition temperatures were also identified. Both the specific heat of steel and thermal effects of phase transformations are included in the Fourier-Kirchhoff equation, as the material properties necessary to obtain the numerical solution. The paper presents the research methodology, analysis of results and method of determining the specific heat of steel based on the results of DSC analysis.
Analysis of the Equilibrium State of Flux Powders in the Mould During Continuous Casting of Steel
Authors: Drożdż P.
Published: April 2015

Mould fluxes in the continuous casting of steel perform a protective function against oxidizing effect of the atmosphere on liquid metal, reduce friction between the solidifying steel shell and the walls of the mould and regulate the transfer of heat to the mould walls. Their chemical composition is crucial as it impacts the determination of the characteristic temperatures. The paper presents calculation results of the equilibrium composition of the selected mould powders in thermodynamic conditions similar to the actual conditions during continuous casting of steel slabs based on FactSage. The calculations were verified by high temperature tests of mould flux powders.