bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear porokeratosis: a case report
Authors: Stojanović Slobodan , Jovanović Marina , Vučković Nada ,   Ivkov-Simić, Tasić Siniša
Published: February 2013

Porokeratosis is a rare genodermatosis based on chronic keratinization disorder histologically characterized by the presence of a cornoid lamella and various clinical manifestations. Five most commonly described types of poroketarosis are porokeratosis of Mibelli or ”classic” porokeratosis, disseminated superfi cial actinic porokeratosis, disseminated palmoplantar porokeratosis, linear porokeratosis, and punctate porokeratosis. In all of the fi ve clinical types of porokeratosis described today, cases of planocellular skin carcinoma are described, except in punctate type cases. Use of topical CO2 laser ablation, cryotherapy and topical use of 5% Imiquimod cream, have shown favorable effects in local treatment of porokeratosis. The authors present a clinical case of a girl suffering from linear porokeratosis over the course of the last four years, spreading on the inside of her right arm along the lines of Blaschko. Linear porokeratosis was histologically confi rmed by biopsy of skin lesions and dermoscopy. Dermoscopic fi ndings, used as an auxiliary method, also indicated linear porokeratosis. Successful liquid nitrogen cryotherapy prompted the authors to present a case in which the applied treatment proved to be successful, but also to emphasize the need for timely treatment in order to prevent malignant alterations of these changes.
Ascomycete species new to Lithuania
Authors: Iznova Tatjana , Rukšėnienė Jonė
Published: February 2013

Iznova T., Rukšėnienė J., 2012: ascomycete species new to Lithuania [Naujos aukšliagrybių rūšys Lietuvoje]. - Bot. Lith., 18(1): 35-39. In this paper three ascomycete species, Capronia nigerrima, Kalmusia clivensis and Sillia ferruginea, are reported for the first time in Lithuania. The fungi were found on old stromata of pyrenomycetes, bark of dead branch of Corylus avellana and dead stems of Rubus idaeus in the alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa of the southern, northeastern and eastern Lithuania. Morphological descriptions, comments and illustrations of the species are presented.
Pycnora sorophora (Lecanoraceae) – lichen species new to Belarus
Authors: Tsurykau Andrei , Khramchankova Volha , Motiejūnaitė Jurga
Published: February 2013

Tsurykau A., Khramchankova V., Motiejūnaitė J., 2012: Pycnora sorophora (Lecanoraceae) - lichen species new to Belarus [Pycnora sorophora (Lecanoraceae) - nauja kerpių rūšis Baltarusijoje]. - Bot. Lith., (18)1: 80-82. Pycnora sorophora (Vain.) Hafellner was reported for the first time in Belarus. It was recorded in three localities, growing on bark of Pinus sylvestris in various types of pine forests in Gomel region, the southeastern Belarus.
Peculiarities of Epiphyton Algal Communities Formation on Different Macrophyte Species
Authors: Karosienė Jūratė , Kasperovičienė Jūratė
Published: February 2013

Karosienė J., Kasperovičienė J., 2012: Peculiarities of epiphyton algal communities formation on different macrophyte species [Skirtingų makrofitų rūšių epifitono dumblių bendrijų formavimosi ypatumai]. - Bot. Lith., 18(2): 154-163.

The epiphyton on different aquatic vegetation represented by emerged macrophytes (Phragmites australis, Equisetum fluviatile, Schoenoplectus lacustris), floating-leaved plants (Nuphar luteum) and submerged macrophytes (Potamogeton perfoliatus, Chara rudis) was studied in two meso- and mesoeutrophic lakes. The morphological characteristics, physiological and synecological peculiarities of plant host had more effect on epiphyton algae abundance and biomass than species richness. The highest densities of algae were associated with helophytes Phragmites australis, Equisetum fluviatile, the lowest was recorded on Schoenoplectus lacustris and laminae of Nuphar luteum. Loosely attached diatoms prevailed on helophytes, adnate species on Nuphar luteum laminae. Cyanobacteria and green algae were more abundant on Nuphar luteum laminae and Potamogeton perfoliatus.
Atypical meningioma
Authors: Iacob G. , Craciun M.
Published: February 2013

Objective: Atypical meningioma are an intermediate group of meningiomas, exhibiting less favourable biological behavior than classic benign tumours, but a relatively more favourable biological behavior than definitive malignant meningiomas. Subject of controversy, atypia in meningioma still generate discordance between accurate criteria defining malignancy and biological behavior, prediction of recurrence.

Methods: This retrospective study intend to evaluate diagnosis on clinical and pathological data, treatment trends and early outcomes for 6 cases with atypical meningiomas occuring in 63 patients operated for benign meningioma in the last 5 years in our clinic between 2006-2011. All patients were explored CT, MRI, preoperative selective angiography and in all cases the WHO 2000 classification criteria were used to define atypical meningioma

Results: Between 2006-2011 we operated 6 atypical meningioma of 63 benign meningiomas (9,52%). Tumor sites in the patients were: parasagittal (3 cases), convexity (2 cases), spheno-cavernous (1 case). All patients were operated and dural graft was done to all cases. The extent of surgical resection was Simpson’s grade 1 in 2 cases and Simpson’s grade 2 in four cases, to which radiation was administered after the first surgery with a dose ranging from 52-62 Gy. Regrowth (enlargement of tumour after subtotal resection) was noticed in 2 irradiated cases: one case after 2 years after the first operation, the patient was again operated - pathological diagnosis was malignant meningioma; in another case after 3 years, at operation it was the atypical meningioma. No chemotherapy was used in our cases.

Conclusions: Atypical meningiomas are rare tumors, grow more rapidely, the diagnosis age ≥ 60 years, several histological criteria can define accurate identification to understand the biology of this group of tumors. Heterogenous contrast enhancement with marked peritumoral edema in neuroimaging are important; cerebral edema has prognostic value and should encourage fundamental and farmacologic research using anti VEGF and somatostatine analogs treatments. Surgery (Simpson grade 1) referring both tumor and dural implant area should be done de novo but also for recurrencies. Radiotherapy still are controversial without proven benefit and chemotherapy without statistic argues to improve quality of life.
Patriotism and Imperialism 1870-1914 Education & the Young
Authors: Gannon David
Published: February 2013

"Propaganda aims to to turn resentment into rebellion or loose coalition into unity." (Mangan, 1986, p. 113)

Contemporary commentators and historians alike have commented on the way patriotic and imperial propaganda 'mush­roomed' (Porter, 2004, p. 180) between 1870 and 1914. What is particularly remarked upon is the greater emphasis which was placed on patriotic and imperial themes in schools and youth groups. It is important then to examine this trend, to understand the reasoning and implementation so to be able to make a judgement as to its effectiveness and impact on the young of the day.

When examining the emphasis on patriotic and imperial themes in schools and youth groups it is first important to realize that it is a mistake to treat them as a homogenous whole. Treating Eton or Harrow the same as a school in a working class district of London or any larger industrial city would overlook some important differences in what propaganda was trans­mitted and how it was transmitted. As Mangan (1986, p. 113) points out, until 1902 there were essentially two different education systems, one encompassing the public schools and the other covering the vast majority of children. Only by ac­cepting this fact can we begin to see clearly how and why values were transmitted and make some judgment as to its effect.

This difference can be seen clearly in the question of teaching materials for schools. A lot of focus has been on the introduction of new subjects in schools, especially the humanities, and the textbooks which were designed to teach these subjects. These text books, according to MacKenzie (1984, p. 177) were to instill a certain set of values; patriotism, good citizenship, and moral training. With a contemporary perception of external weakness and greater threat to Britain's position, it was natural to inspire the class of future leaders, through the example of role models who embodied virtuous and moral lives, to be part of the Imperial enterprise.
What Did Shakespeare Know About Copernicanism?
Authors: Weber Alan S.
Published: February 2013

This contribution examines Shakespeare’s knowledge of the cosmological theories of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) as well as recent claims that Shakespeare possessed specialized knowledge of technical astronomy.
Clinical Decision Making in Hypotonia and Gross Motor Delay: A Case Report of Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy in an Infant
Authors: Malerba Kirsten Hawkins , Tecklin Jan Stephen
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose

Children often are referred for physical therapy with the diagnosis of hypotonia when the definitive cause of hypotonia is unknown. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical decision-making process using the Hypothesis-Oriented Algorithm for Clinicians II (HOAC II) for an infant with hypotonia and gross motor delay.

Case Description

The patient was a 5-month-old infant who had been evaluated by a neurologist and then referred for physical therapy by his pediatrician. Physical therapist evaluation results and clinical observations of marked hypotonia, significant gross motor delay, tongue fasciculations, feeding difficulties, and respiratory abnormalities prompted necessary referral to specialists. Recognition of developmental, neurologic, and respiratory abnormalities facilitated clinical decision making for determining the appropriate physical therapy plan of care.

Outcomes

During the brief episode of physical therapy care, the patient was referred to a feeding specialist and diagnosed with pharyngeal-phase dysphasia and mild aspiration. Continued global weakness, signs and symptoms of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and concerns about increased work of breathing and respiratory compromise were discussed with the referring physician. After inconclusive laboratory testing for metabolic etiologies of hypotonia, a genetics consult was recommended and confirmed the diagnosis of type 1 SMA at 9 months of age.

Discussion

Physical therapists use clinical decision making to determine whether to treat patients or to refer them to other medical professionals. Accurate and timely referral to appropriate specialists may assist families in obtaining a diagnosis for their child and guide necessary interventions. In the case of type 1 SMA, early diagnosis may affect outcomes and survival rate in this pediatric population.
Item Response Theory Analysis of the Outpatient Physical Therapy Improvement in Movement Assessment Log (OPTIMAL)
Authors: Elston Beth , Goldstein Marc , Makambi Kepher H.
Published: February 2013

Background

The Outpatient Physical Therapy Improvement in Movement Assessment Log (OPTIMAL) instrument was created to assess the perceived ability of patients receiving physical therapy in adult outpatient settings to perform actions or movements. Its properties must be studied to determine whether it accomplishes this goal.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the item properties of OPTIMAL with item response theory.

Design

This investigation was a retrospective cross-sectional item calibration study.

Methods

Data were obtained from the American Physical Therapy Association, which collected information from outpatient physical therapy clinics through electronic charting databases that included OPTIMAL responses. Item response theory analyses were performed on the trunk, lower-extremity, and upper-extremity subscales of the Difficulty Scale of OPTIMAL.

Results

In total, 3,138 patients completed the Difficulty Scale of OPTIMAL at the baseline assessment. The subscale analyses met all item response theory assumptions. The items in each subscale showed fair discrimination. In all analyses, the subscales measured a narrow range of ability levels at the low end of the physical functioning spectrum.

Limitations

OPTIMAL was originally intended to be administered as a whole. In the present study, each subscale was analyzed separately, indicating how the subscales perform individually but not as a whole. Another limitation is that only the Difficulty Scale of OPTIMAL was analyzed, without consideration of the Confidence Scale.

Conclusions

OPTIMAL best measures low physical functioning at the baseline assessment in adult outpatient physical therapy settings. The addition of categories to each item and the addition of more challenging items are recommended to allow measurements for a broader range of patients.
Population Diversity of Particle Swarm Optimizer Solving Single and Multi-Objective Problems
Authors: Cheng Shi , Shi Yuhui , Qin Quande
Published: February 2013

Premature convergence occurs in swarm intelligence algorithms searching for optima. A swarm intelligence algorithm has two kinds of abilities: exploration of new possibilities and exploitation of old certainties. The exploration ability means that an algorithm can explore more search place to increase the possibility that the algorithm can find good enough solutions. In contrast, the exploitation ability means that an algorithm focuses on the refinement of found promising areas. An algorithm should have a balance between exploration and exploitation, that is, the allocation of computational resources should be optimized to ensure that an algorithm can find good enough solutions effectively. The diversity measures the distribution of individuals’ information. From the observation of the distribution and diversity change, the degree of exploration and exploitation can be obtained. Another issue in multiobjective is the solution metric. Pareto domination is utilized to compare between two solutions, however, solutions are almost Pareto non-dominated for multi-objective problems with more than ten objectives. In this paper, the authors analyze the population diversity of particle swarm optimizer for solving both single objective and multiobjective problems. The population diversity of solutions is used to measure the goodness of a set of solutions. This metric may guide the search in problems with numerous objectives. Adaptive optimization algorithms can be designed through controlling the balance between exploration and exploitation.
Characterising electron butterfly pitch angle distributions in the magnetosphere through observations and simulations
Authors: Klida M. M. , Fritz T. A.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The Imaging Electron Spectrometer (IES) on the Polar satellite has measured the average characteristics of the equatorial electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the midnight sector as a function of radial distance out to the 9 RE apogee of the Polar satellite. Depressions in the observed fluxes of electrons occur with pitch angles around 90° in the equatorial zone, while the more field-aligned electrons remain largely unchanged. The orbital precessions of the satellite have allowed much of the inner equatorial magnetosphere to be observed. Statistically, butterfly PADs with different shapes are observed selectively in different regions, which can provide insight to their source and possible history. Electron paths of varied pitch angles were modelled using Runge-Kutta approximations of the Lorentz force in a Tsyganenko (T96) simulated magnetosphere. The resulting drift paths suggest that the process of magnetopause shadowing plays a significant role in the loss of these electrons. Case studies of the drifting patterns of electrons with varied pitch angles were simulated from Polar's orbit when a butterfly PAD was observed on 3 October 2002 at an altitude near 9 RE and on 12 September 2000 at an altitude near 6 RE. These two locations represent regions on each side of the boundary of stable trapping. The modelling effort strongly suggests that magnetopause shadowing does play a significant role in the loss of equatorially drifting electrons from the outer regions of the inner magnetosphere.
Percutaneous recanalization of totally occluded pulmonary veins after pulmonary vein isolation—intermediate‐term follow‐up
Authors: Hill James , Qureshi Athar M. , Worley Sarah , Prieto Lourdes R.
Published: February 2013

Objectives

Review mid‐term follow‐up of percutaneous intervention for post ablation total pulmonary vein occlusion (PVO).

Background

Feasibility of percutaneous intervention for PVO has been described, but information remains limited.

Methods

Patients with total PVO were retrospectively identified from our catheterization database. Medical records, catheterization reports, and outpatient follow‐up were reviewed.

Results

Between April 2005 and February 2012, 16 patients were identified with a total of 18 PVOs. Symptoms included hemoptysis in 6/16 (46%), cough in 8/16 (50%), chest pain in 8/16 (50%), dyspnea in 13/16 (81%) with mean NYHA Class of 2.6 ± 0.6. Recanalization was accomplished in 14/18 (78%) veins: 11 treated with balloon dilation and 3 with stents. Median follow‐up for 13/14 veins was 13 (0–39) months (one patient with one PVO is awaiting follow‐up). Reocclusion occurred in 7/13 (54%) at mean follow‐up of 3.6 ± 1.6 months (6/10 post‐balloon dilation and 1/3 post‐stenting). Despite reocclusion, the reference vessel diameter increased from 4.8 ± 2.4 to 8.5 ± 4.2 mm (P < 0.001) between the first and second catheterization. Re‐recanalization and stent placement was accomplished in 5/6 (83%), with one reocclusion not attempted. At latest follow‐up 9/13 (69%) recanalized vessels remained patent and percent flow to affected lung quadrant increased from 7.4 ± 3.4% pre‐intervention to 14.3 ± 4.2% (P = 0.004). Mean NYHA Class improved to 1.4 ± 0.4 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Recanalization of total PVO can be accomplished with reasonable mid‐term patency, improved symptoms, and lung perfusion. Reocclusion is common, but vessel growth is often observed allowing placement of a reasonably sized stent at a second intervention. Staged intervention is often necessary to maintain patency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Two Congruent‐Melting Isotypic Diphosphates: LiM3P2O7 (M: Na, K).
Authors: Shi Yunjing , Wang Ying , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Dong Xiaoyu , Wu Hongping , Zhang Min , Cao Jian , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: February 2013

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Li2CO3, M2CO3 (M: Na, K), and NH4H2PO4 (540 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity of Palladium Complexes Bearing a Tridentate PXP‐Pincer Ligand of Heavier Group 14 Element (X: Ge, Sn).
Authors: Takaya Jun , Nakamura Shuhei , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: February 2013

The known PSiP‐pincer palladium(II) complex (Ia) and the novel synthesized germanium (Ib) and tin (Ic) analogues are applied as catalysts to a reductive aldol‐type reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Arenes with CO2 Mediated by R3SiB(C6F5)4.
Authors: Konno Megumi , Chiba Masafumi , Nemoto Koji , Hattori Tetsutaro
Published: February 2013

The Friedel—Crafts‐type carboxylation of arenes is achieved by activation of carbon dioxide with silylium borates.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of Grignard Ring‐Opening of α‐Brominated Dioxolanes for the Preparation of β‐Hydroxy‐Protected Vinyl Ethers by a Three‐Step One‐Pot Procedure.
Authors: Andre Mathieu , Letribot Boris , Bayle Martine , Mounetou Emmanuelle , Chezal Jean‐Michel
Published: February 2013

Ring‐opening with benzoyl chloride or electrophiles (IV) is studied to yield differently protected β‐hydroxy vinyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Nickel/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed C—S Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Guan Pei , Cao Changsheng , Liu Yun , Li Yunfei , He Pan , Chen Qian , Liu Gang , Shi Yanhui
Published: February 2013

The simple protocol leads to formation of a broad spectrum of target compounds from C—S coupling of aromatic and aliphatic thiols with aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalent‐Bound Conjugates of Fullerene C60 and Metal Complexes of Porphyrins with Long‐Chain Substituents.
Authors: Zyablikova Ekaterina S. , Bragina Natalya A. , Mironov Andrey F.
Published: February 2013

The Prato reaction is found to be suitable to synthesize new conjugates based on fullerene C60 and nickel and copper complexes of meso‐aryl‐substituted porphyrins with long‐chain substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Anthradifuran, a Furan Analogue of Pentacene, and Its Isomers, Exhibiting Solid‐State Photoluminescence.
Authors: Tsuji Hayato , Shoyama Kazutaka , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: February 2013

Synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of the linearly fused anthra[2,3‐b:6,7‐b′]difuran (II), and its zigzag‐shaped isomers (III) and (IV) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Regiospecific Arylation at C5 of Thiophenes Bearing SO2R Substituents at C3.
Authors: Bheeter Charles Beromeo , Bera Jitendra K. , Doucet Henri
Published: February 2013

Thiophene‐2‐carboxylates substituted at the 3‐position by sulfamoyl or phenoxysulfonyl are coupled with a variety of aryl/heteroaryl bromides under in situ decarboxylation to give exclusively the corresponding 5‐arylated thiophene‐3‐sulfonic amides or esters (34 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of the Adducts of α‐(Aminocarbonyl)acetamidoximes with Acylacetylenes, Leading to 2‐Aminopyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Pivneva E. E. , Galenko A. V. , Dar'in D. V. , Lobanov P. S.
Published: February 2013

O‐Vinylamidoximes [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 4‐(3‐Aminothieno[2,3‐b]pyridin‐2‐yl)coumarins.
Authors: Gorelov S. V. , Bondarenko S. P. , Frasinyuk M. S.
Published: February 2013

4‐(3‐Aminohetaryl)coumarins are convenient starting materials for the synthesis of fused polycyclic derivatives of 5H‐chromeno[3,4‐c]pyridin‐5‐one.
ChemInform Abstract: Laccase‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines to Pyridines and a New One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyridines.
Authors: Abdel‐Mohsen Heba T. , Conrad Juergen , Beifuss Uwe
Published: February 2013

A new method for the oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4‐dihydropyridines (I) with aerial oxygen as oxidant and laccase as the catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative C—H Functionalization: A Novel Strategy for the Acetoxylation/Alkoxylation of Arenes Tethered to 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Umadevi N. , Narasimhulu G. , Yadav J. S.
Published: February 2013

The regioselective procedure allows the preparation of various medicinally interesting derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline‐Promoted Three‐Component Reaction of Anilines, Aldehydes and Barbituric Acids/ Malononitrile: Regioselective Synthesis of 5‐Arylpyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline‐diones and 2‐Amino‐4‐arylquinoline‐3‐carbonitriles in Water.
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Sarikhani Samira , Shahidzadeh Elham Shaikhi , Panahi Farhad
Published: February 2013

A green and efficient one‐pot process to synthesize title compounds (IV), (VI), and (X) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: AgOTf‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Alkynyl Oxiranes for Dihydro‐1,4‐oxazine Synthesis.
Authors: Maheswara Muchchintala , Lee Yun Yeong , Kang Eun Joo
Published: February 2013

Various alkynyl oxiranes as well as alcohols (IV) and (VI) are suitable precursors of the desired oxazine skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 6‐Hydrazinyl‐2,4‐bismorpholino Pyrimidine and 1,3,5‐Triazine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Zhu Wufu , Liu Yajing , Zhao Yanfang , Wang Haiyan , Tan Li , Fan Weijie , Gong Ping
Published: February 2013

All the formed compounds are evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against selected cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Selective Organocatalytic Synthesis of 2‐Deoxygalactosides.
Authors: Balmond Edward I. , Coe Diane M. , Galan M. Carmen , McGarrigle Eoghan M.
Published: February 2013

Protected galactals (I) (10 examples) are glycosylated with monosaccharide acceptors in the presence of thiourea catalyst THU to give disaccharides containing a 2‐deoxymonosaccharide moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Labeling Strategy of Drug Like Molecules with Functionalized Alkyl Linkers Using CH‐Activation.
Authors: Rentner Jana , Breinbauer Rolf
Published: February 2013

Heterocyclic drug compounds (I) and (V) are cross‐coupled with thiophene derivatives (II) under dehydrogenative conditions using Pd‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to the Pyridoacridine Ring System: Synthesis of the Topoisomerase Inhibitor 13‐Deazaascididemin.
Authors: Raeder Stephan , Bracher Franz
Published: February 2013

A novel approach to the pyridoacridine ring system of ascididemin‐type marine alkaloids is development and applied to the synthesis of the bioactive deaza analogue of ascididemin AK37 (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Cl—Se (Chlorine—Selenium)
Authors: Okamoto H.
Published: February 2013

Review: phase diagram and crystal structures; 4 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of (‐)‐α‐Kainic Acid
Authors: Stathakis Christos I. , Yioti Efthymia G. , Gallos John K.
Published: February 2013

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Patel Kaushik S. , Raval Kishor N. , Patel Shivani P. , Patel Aswin G. , Patel Snehal V.
Published: February 2013

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesitylcopper — A Powerful Tool in Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Stollenz Michael , Meyer Franc
Published: February 2013

Review: 197 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: (Aza)‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reactions
Authors: Hatakeyama S.
Published: February 2013

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbene‐Catalyzed Benzoin Reactions
Authors: Suzuki K. , Takikawa H.
Published: February 2013

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mobile Precursor Mediated Protein Adsorption on Solid Surfaces
Authors: Garland Adam , Shen Lei , Zhu Xiaoyang
Published: February 2013

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanotechnology‐Enabled Energy Harvesting for Self‐Powered Micro‐/Nanosystems
Authors: Wang Zhong Lin , Wu Wenzhuo
Published: February 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Contribution to the Mechanism of Copper‐Catalyzed C—N and C—O Bond Formation
Authors: Lefevre Guillaume , Franc Gregory , Tlili Anis , Adamo Carlo , Taillefer Marc , Ciofini Ilaria , Jutand Anny
Published: February 2013

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Observation of Reaction Mechanisms of Photoexcited Processes Using 5‐Fs Pulses
Authors: Kobayashi Takayoshi , Iwakura Izumi , Yabushita Atsushi
Published: February 2013

Review: 31 refs.
Epithelial control of the human pDC response to extracellular bacteria
Authors: Michea Paula , Vargas Pablo , Donnadieu Marie‐Hélène , Rosemblatt Mario , Bono María Rosa , Duménil Guillaume , Soumelis Vassili
Published: February 2013

Plasmacytoid pre‐dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized in responding to nucleic acids, and link innate with adaptive immunity. Although the response of pDCs to viruses is well established, whether pDCs can respond to extracellular bacteria remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus activate pDCs to produce IFN‐α, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and to upregulate CD86 expression. We observed that pDCs were present within tonsillar crypts and oro‐nasopharyngeal epithelium, where they may contact extracellular bacteria, in situ. Tonsil epithelium‐conditioned supernatants inhibited IFN‐α, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 triggered by the direct contact of N. meningitidis or S. aureus with pDCs. However, pDC priming of naive T cells was not affected, suggesting that tonsil epithelium micro‐environment limits local inflammation while preserving adaptive immunity in response to extracellular bacteria. Our results reveal an important and novel function of pDCs in the initiation of the mucosal innate and adaptive immunity to extracellular bacteria.
Microfluidic devices for the isolation of circulating rare cells: A focus on affinity‐based, dielectrophoresis, and hydrophoresis
Authors: Hyun Kyung‐A , Jung Hyo‐Il
Published: February 2013

Circulating rare cells have attracted interest because they can be good indicators of various types of diseases. For example, enumeration of circulating tumor cells is used for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, while DNA analysis or enumeration of nucleated red blood cells is useful for prenatal diagnosis or hypoxic anemia, and that of circulating stem cells to diagnose cancer metastasis. Isolation of these cells and their downstream analyses can provide significant information such as the origin and characteristics of a disease. Novel approaches based on microfluidics have many advantages, including the continuous process and integration with other components for analysis. For these reasons, a variety of microfluidic devices have been developed to isolate and characterize rare cells. In this article, we review several microfluidic devices, with a focus on affinity‐based isolation (e.g. antigen‐antibody reaction) and label‐free separation (DEP and hydrophoresis).
Xeroderma pigmentosum genes and melanoma risk
Authors: Paszkowska‐Szczur K. , Scott R.J. , Serrano‐Fernandez P. , Mirecka A. , Gapska P. , Górski B. , Cybulski C. , Maleszka R. , Sulikowski M. , Nagay L. , Lubinski J. , Dębniak T.
Published: February 2013

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive disease that is associated with a severe deficiency in nucleotide excision repair. The presence of a distinct the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mutation signature in melanoma suggests that perturbations in this critical repair process are likely to be involved with disease risk. We hypothesized that persons with polymorphic NER gene(s) are likely to have reduced NER activity and are consequently at an increased risk of melanoma development. We assessed the association between 94 SNPs within seven XP genes (XPA–XPG) and the melanoma risk in the Polish population. We genotyped 714 unselected melanoma patients and 1,841 healthy adults to determine if there were any polymorphisms differentially represented in the disease group. We found that a significantly decreased risk of melanoma was associated with the Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation (XPC) rs2228000_CT genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15; p < 0.001) and the rs2228000_TT genotype (OR = 0.11; p < 0.001) compared to the reference genotype. Haplotype analysis within XPC revealed the rs2228001_A + G1475A_G + G2061A_A + rs2228000_T + rs3731062_C haplotype (OR = 0.26; p < 0.05) was associated with a significantly decreased disease risk. The haplotype analysis within the Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) showed a modest association between two haplotypes and a decrease in melanoma risk. There were no major differences between the prevalence of the XP polymorphisms among young or older patients with melanoma. Linkage disequilibrium of XPC: rs2228001, G1475A, G2061A, rs2228000 and rs3731062 was found. The data from our study support the notion that only XPC and XPD genes are associated with melanoma susceptibility.
Synthesis of biopterin and related pterin glycosides
Authors: Hanaya Tadashi , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: February 2013

Certain pterins having a hydroxyalkyl side chain at C‐6 have been found as glycosidic forms in certain prokaryotes, such as 2′‐O‐(α‐D‐glucopyranosyl)biopterin from various kinds of cyanobacteria, and limipterin from a green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium. Synthetic studies on glycosides of biopterin and related pterins have been made in view of the structural proof as well as for closer examination of their biological activities and functions. The syntheses of these natural pterin glycosides have effectively been achieved, mostly through appropriately protected N2‐(N,N‐dimethylaminomethylene)‐3‐[2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethyl]pterin derivatives as glycosyl acceptors, and are reviewed here. © 2013 IUBMB Life 65(4):300–309, 2013.
Extremely improved InP template and GaInAsP system growth on directly‐bonded InP/SiO2‐Si and InP/glass substrate
Authors: Matsumoto Keiichi , Makino Tatsunori , Kimura Katsuya , Shimomura Kazuhiko
Published: February 2013

We have developed an ultrathin InP template with low defect density on SiO2‐Si and glass substrate by employing wet etching and wafer direct bonding technique. We have demonstrated epitaxial growth on these substrates and GaInAs/InP multiple quantum well layers were grown by low pressure metal‐organic vapor‐phase epitaxy. Photoluminescence measurements of the layers show that they are optically active and we have obtained almost the same intensity from these substrates compared to the InP substrate. These results may be attributed to improvement of InP template quality and should provide further improvements in device performance realized on SiO2‐Si and glass substrate. And, these are promising results in terms of integration of InP‐based several functional optical devices on SiO2‐Si and glass substrate. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toward quantum gravity measurement by cold atoms
Authors: DOS SANTOS MARCILIO M. , ONIGA TEODORA , MCLEMAN ANDREW S. , CALDWELL MARTIN , WANG CHARLES H.-T.
Published: February 2013

We propose an experiment for the measurement of gravitational effect on cold atoms by applying a one-dimensional vertically sinusoidal oscillation to the magneto-optical trap, and observe the signature of low quantum energy shift of quantum-bound states as a consequence of gravitational fluctuation. To this end, we present brief details of the experiment on a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), and a simplistic calculation of the Gross–Pitaevskii solution using the Thomas–Fermi approximation with focus on the density of the BEC for the time-dependent perturbation. Moreover, we calculate the power induced by quantum gravity on a generic atomic ensemble. We also address the possible challenges for the measurement of the expected results. Finally, we discuss the prospect of further developing this experiment toward measuring the effect of quantum spacetime fluctuations on cold atoms.
Processes in afterglow responsible for initiation of electrical breakdown in xenon at low pressure
Authors: PEJOVIĆ MOMČILO M. , SPASIĆ IVANA V. , PEJOVIĆ MILIĆ M. , NEŠIĆ NIKOLA T. , BRAJOVIĆ DRAGAN V.
Published: February 2013

The processes responsible for initiation of electrical breakdown in xenon-filled tube with two spherical iron electrodes at 2.7-mbar pressure have been analyzed. The analysis is based on the experimental data of electrical breakdown time delay as a function of afterglow period. It is shown that positive ions remaining from previous discharge, as well as positive ions created in mutual collisions of metastable atoms in afterglow, have a dominant role in secondary emission of electrons from the cathode which lead to initiation of breakdown in early afterglow. In late afterglow, dominant role in initiation of breakdown is taken by N(4S) atoms formed during the discharge by dissociation of ground state nitrogen molecules that are present as impurities in xenon. When the concentration of N(4S) atoms decreases sufficiently, the initiation of breakdown is caused by cosmic radiation. Small doses of gamma-ray irradiation also contribute to the initiation of breakdown, but only for large values of the afterglow period.
Observation of the amorphous zinc oxide recrystalline process by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Lin Ken-Huang , Sun Shih-Jye , Ju Shin-Pon , Tsai Jen-Yu , Chen Hsin-Tsung , Hsieh Jin-Yuan
Published: February 2013

The detailed structural variations of amorphous zinc oxide (ZnO) as well as wurtzite (B4) and zinc blende (B3) crystal structures during the temperature elevation process were observed by molecular dynamics simulation. The amorphous ZnO structure was first predicted through the simulated-annealing basin-hopping algorithm with the criterion to search for the least stable structure. The density and X-ray diffraction profiles of amorphous ZnO of the structure were in agreement with previous reports. The local structural transformation among different local structures and the recrystalline process of amorphous ZnO at higher temperatures are observed and can explain the structural transformation and recrystalline mechanism in a corresponding experiment [Bruncko et al., Thin Solid Films 520, 866-870 (2011)].
Too exhausted to remember: Ego depletion undermines subsequent event‐based prospective memory
Authors: Li Jian‐Bin , Nie Yan‐Gang , Zeng Min‐Xia , Huntoon Meghan , Smith Jessi L.
Published: February 2013

Past research has consistently found that people are likely to do worse on high‐level cognitive tasks after exerting self‐control on previous actions. However, little has been unraveled about to what extent ego depletion affects subsequent prospective memory. Drawing upon the self‐control strength model and the relationship between self‐control resources and executive control, this study proposes that the initial actions of self‐control may undermine subsequent event‐based prospective memory (EBPM). Ego depletion was manipulated through watching a video requiring visual attention (Experiment 1) or completing an incongruent Stroop task (Experiment 2). Participants were then tested on EBPM embedded in an ongoing task. As predicted, the results showed that after ruling out possible intervening variables (e.g. mood, focal and nonfocal cues, and characteristics of ongoing task and ego depletion task), participants in the high‐depletion condition performed significantly worse on EBPM than those in the low‐depletion condition. The results suggested that the effect of ego depletion on EBPM was mainly due to an impaired prospective component rather than to a retrospective component.
Quantitative Analysis Model and Application of the Hydrocarbon Distribution Threshold
Authors: Fujie JIANG , Xiongqi PANG , Jigang GUO
Published: February 2013

Hydrocarbon source rock obviously controls the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the geological concept of “source control theory”, the concept of a hydrocarbon distribution threshold was put forward. This means the maximum range for hydrocarbon controlled by the source rock conditions to migrate in the hydrocarbon basins. Three quantitative analysis models are proposed on this basis, namely the hydrocarbon accumulation probability, maximum hydrocarbon scale threshold and reserve distribution probability, which respectively refer to the probability of forming a hydrocarbon reservoir, the possible maximum scale of the hydrocarbon reservoir and the percentage of reserve distribution in a certain area within the hydrocarbon distribution threshold. Statistical analysis on 539 hydrocarbon reservoirs discovered in 28 hydrocarbon source kitchens from seven sedimentary basins and sags of eastern China shows the maximum reservoir scale possibly formed in the hydrocarbon basin, hydrocarbon accumulation probability and oil and gas reserve distribution probability are all controlled by the characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock. Generally, as the distances from the hydrocarbon source rock center and hydrocarbon discharge boundary get longer and the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of hydrocarbon source rock center gets smaller, there will be lower probability of hydrocarbon accumulation. Corresponding quantitative models are established based on single factor statistics and multivariate analysis. Practical application in the Jiyang Depression shows that the prediction from the quantitative analysis model for the hydrocarbon distribution threshold agree well with the actual exploration results, indicating that the quantitative analysis model is likely to be a feasible tool.
Continuous‐Wave Laser Patterning of Three‐Dimensional Microstructure in Glasses Containing Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Chao , Heo Jong , Chung Woon Jin , Zhao Xiujian
Published: February 2013

A method is reported that uses visible continuous‐wave laser to directly fabricate micropatterns in glasses containing silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Ag nanoparticles were formed in the glass using thermal treatment. Upon laser irradiation, Ag nanoparticles with their surface plasmon in resonance with the laser beam were partially melted and decreased in size due to the temperature increase induced by the excited Ag nanoparticles. Three‐dimensional patterns were achieved by scanning the laser beam through the thickness of the glass.
Developing scale for colleague solidarity among nurses in Turkey
Authors: Uslusoy Esin Cetinkaya , Alpar Sule Ecevit
Published: February 2013

There is a need for an appropriate instrument to measure colleague solidarity among nurses. This study was carried out to develop a Colleague Solidarity of Nurses' Scale (CSNS). This study was planned to be descriptive and methodological. The CSNS examined content validity, construct validity, test–retest reliability and internal consistency reliability. The trial form of the CSNS, which was composed of 44 items, was given to 200 nurses, followed by validity and reliability analyses. Following the analyses, 21 items were excluded from the scale, leaving an attitude scale made up of 23 items. Factor analysis of the data showed that the scale has a three sub‐factor structure: emotional solidarity, academic solidarity and negative opinions about solidarity. The Cronbach's alpha reliability of the whole scale was 0.80. This study provides evidence that the CSNS possesses robust solidarity among nurses.
Defective thymic progenitor development and mature T‐cell responses in a mouse model for Down syndrome
Authors: Lorenzo Laureanne P. E. , Shatynski Kristen E. , Clark Sarah , Yarowsky Paul J. , Williams Mark S.
Published: February 2013

In addition to archetypal cognitive defects, Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by altered lymphocyte development and function, including premature thymic involution and increased incidence of infections. However, the potential mechanisms for these changes have not been fully elucidated. The current study used the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS to assess deficiencies in T‐cell development and possible molecular alterations. Ts65Dn mice exhibited premature thymic involution and a threefold to fourfold decrease in the number and proportion of immature, double‐negative thymocyte progenitors. In addition, there were twofold fewer double‐positive and CD4 single‐positive thymocytes in Ts65Dn thymuses. Reflecting this deficient thymic function, there were fewer naive T cells in the spleen and polyclonal stimulation of peripheral T cells exhibited a marked reduction in proliferation, suggesting a senescent phenotype. In contrast, B‐cell progenitors were unchanged in the bone marrow of Ts65Dn mice, but in the spleen, there were decreased transitional and follicular B cells and these cells proliferated less upon antigen receptor stimulus but not in response to lipopolysaccharide. As a potential mechanism for diminished thymic function, immature thymocyte populations expressed diminished levels of the cytokine receptor interleukin‐7Rα, which was associated with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Increased oxidative stress and inhibition of the Notch pathway were identified as possible mediators of decreased interleukin‐7Rα expression in Ts65Dn mice. The data suggest that immature thymocyte defects underlie immune dysfunction in DS and that increased oxidative stress and reduced cytokine signalling may alter lymphocyte development in Ts65Dn mice.
Ex Vivo Comparison of 7 Polydioxanone, 2 Polyglactin 910 for Closure of Ventral Median Celiotomy in Horses
Authors: Anderson Stacy L. , Bracamonte José L. , Hendrick Steve , Carmalt James L. , Wilson David G.
Published: February 2013

Objective

To compare bursting strength and failure mode between ventral median celiotomies closed with USP 7 braided polydioxanone (7PD) or USP 2 polyglactin 910 (2PG).

Study Design

Ex vivo experimental.

Animals

Equine cadavers (n = 10).

Methods

A 25 cm ventral median celiotomy was created in fresh equine cadavers. A 200 L polyurethane bladder was inserted into the abdomen. Celiotomies were closed in a simple continuous pattern with 2 sections of 7PD or 2PG. The bladder was inflated with compressed air until construct failure. The horses' signalment, body weight, suture type, failure mode (suture or abdominal wall), and bursting strength (mmHg) were recorded. Interactions between independent and dependent variables were assessed with statistical tests including linear regression.

Results

Failure mode was significantly different by suture type (P = .01). Four of 5 celiotomies closed with 2PG failed at the suture; whereas, 0 celiotomies closed with 7PD failed at the suture. In celiotomies closed with 7PD, increasing age was highly and negatively correlated with bursting strength (r = −0.99). When the effect of age was controlled, 7PD had a significantly higher bursting strength than 2PG (P = .024).

Conclusion

7PD has a higher bursting strength compared with 2PG. Suture failure was the main failure mode for 2PG; whereas, all celiotomies closed with 7PD failed at the abdominal wall.
The Role of Medicolegal Systems in Producing Geographic Variation in Suicide Rates
Authors: Klugman Joshua , Condran Gretchen , Wray Matt
Published: February 2013

Objectives

In this analysis, we ask whether there is systematic variation in the reporting of suicide by medicolegal system and if so whether this biases estimated effects of social correlates on suicide.

Methods

With cause of death records (1999–2002) and 2000 Census data, we use negative binomial regression to analyze the effects of medicolegal system on suicide and nonsuicide mortality aggregated at county of occurrence.

Results

We find that elected coroners have slightly lower official suicide rates than medical examiners (MEs; all of whom are appointed) and appointed coroners. In addition, we find that omitting medicolegal system does not bias estimates of the social determinants of suicide.

Conclusion

Contrary to arguments that MEs' greater scientific training makes them more likely to underreport suicides, we conclude that appointed death investigators (MEs and appointed coroners) underreport suicide to a lesser degree than elected coroners, who are subject to greater public pressures that result in the misclassification of suicides.
The Emotional Complexities of “Our” and “Their” Loss: The Vicissitudes of Teaching about/for Empathy in a Conflicting Society
Authors: Zembylas Michalinos
Published: February 2013

This article explores the ways in which a fifth‐grade class of Greek Cypriot students and their teacher perceived and negotiated the meanings of empathy for the “other” in the context of ethnic conflict in Cyprus. The findings suggest that the process of engaging with empathy is full of fractures and failures, possibilities and impossibilities. Children's emotional ambivalences to empathize with the “other” are embedded in the politics of conflict, yet there are also moments of transcendence. [children, empathy, teaching, ethnic conflict, Cyprus]