bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Efficiency of Dendritic Nanocarriers using Conformational Constraints
Authors: Satyanarayana T. B. N. , Maitra Uday
Published: November 2011

A series of deoxycholic and cholic acid‐derived oligomers were synthesized and their ability to extract hydrophilic dye molecules of different structure, size, and functional groups into nonpolar media was studied. The structure of the dye and “dendritic effect” in the extraction process was examined using absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The efficiency of structurally preorganized oligomers in the aggregation process was evaluated by 1‐anilinonaphthalene‐8‐sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence studies. The possible formation of globular structures for higher‐generation molecules was investigated by molecular modeling studies and the results were correlated with the anomaly observed in the extraction process with this molecule. The ability of these molecules for selective extraction of specific dyes from blended colors is also reported.
Motives and barriers to bequest giving
Authors: Wiepking Pamala , Scaife Wendy , McDonald Katie
Published: November 2011

Much is known about motivations for giving to charities generally. However, much less has been identified about bequestors as a unique type of charitable donor. This paper explores the motives and barriers for charitable bequest giving. Hypotheses are drawn from the general philanthropic literature and tested using survey data from Australia, a nation distinguished by very high lifetime (inter vivos) giving but low estate (post mortem) giving. The results show that belief in the efficacy of charitable organizations is requisite for leaving a bequest, as the deceased donor has no control over the enactment of the gift. This effect is mediated by the perceived difficulty of making a charitable bequest, which forms an important barrier for leaving such a legacy. Having family whose financial needs are perceived as not taken care of and the perception of financial inability to make a difference also form barriers for bequest giving. The results confirm that bequests constitute a distinctive charitable behaviour, with unique motives and barriers compared to other types of inter vivos giving. While charitable behaviour in general is driven by altruistic attitudes and political and religious values, as well as social reputation, these factors do not affect charitable bequest making as expected. Surprisingly, we find a negative relationship between financial resources and the inclination to leave a charitable bequest. The article ends with suggestions for ways charities might connect more meaningfully with their bequestors or with donors who might consider bequeathing to them. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Biaryls through a One‐Pot Tandem Borylation/Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by a Palladacycle
Authors: Wang Lianhui , Cui Xiuling , Li Jingya , Wu Yusheng , Zhu Zhiwu , Wu Yangjie
Published: November 2011

The tricyclohexylphosphane adduct of cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine I exhibited high catalytic activity in the one‐pot borylation/Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (BSC) reaction with low catalyst loading (2 mol‐%). Various biaryls were obtained in good to excellent yields for 37 examples. This process was applied to aryl and heteroaryl halides (Br and Cl) containing a variety of functional groups and did not require an excess amount of phosphane ligand and the addition of the palladium catalyst in the second step.
A Polarographic Study of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Interaction with Some Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Milić Sonja Z. , Potkonjak Nebojša I. , Gorjanović Stanislava Ž. , Veljović‐Jovanović Sonja D. , Pastor Ferenc T. , Sužnjević Desanka Ž.
Published: November 2011

The behavior of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and its interaction with Hg(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) has been studied using direct current (DC) and differential‐pulse polarography (DPP). Adsorptive and kinetic/catalytic anodic waves of CGA have been detected at −0.02 and −0.18 V vs. SCE, respectively; Hg(I)‐CGA surface disproportionation has been assumed. Reduction of Hg(II)‐ions, added in the buffered solution of CGA (pH 7.5), occurs rather than complexation, while the complex forming ability of CGA towards Pb(II) and Cu(II) has been observed. Stoichiometry 1 : 1 for Pb(II)‐CGA, and 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 for Cu(II)‐CGA has been established applying Job’s method of continuous variation on DPP data. UV‐vis spectrophotometric measurements additionally confirmed the existence and stoichiometry of Cu(II) complexes.
Indium incorporation in InGaN/GaN quantum wells grown on m‐plane GaN substrate and c‐plane sapphire
Authors: Lai K. Y. , Paskova T. , Wheeler V. D. , Chung T. Y. , Grenko J. A. , Johnson M. A. L. , Udwary K. , Preble E. A. , Evans K. R.
Published: November 2011

InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) grown at identical conditions on m‐plane GaN and c‐plane sapphire substrates were characterized by several techniques, aiming to clarify the reason for different emission wavelengths often observed in similar LED structures with m‐ and c‐plane surface orientations. Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of m‐plane QWs revealed shorter wavelength and no blueshift with increasing CL probe current in accordance with previous reports. Relative indium compositions were estimated by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction to be 5.1 and 13.9% for m‐plane and c‐plane QWs, respectively. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the well widths of the m‐plane QWs were noticeably thicker than those of the c‐plane QWs. The lower indium compositions and thicker well widths of the m‐plane QWs indicated that different indium incorporation and diffusion occurred in the structures grown on the GaN substrate, which is attributed to its surface off‐cut toward [0001] and the higher thermal conductivity with respect to that of sapphire.
Self‐catalyzed, vertically aligned GaN rod‐structures by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Tessarek Christian , Christiansen Silke
Published: November 2011

This paper will discuss the influence of parameters such as temperature, V/III ratio, atmosphere and pressure on the vertical growth of GaN rod‐structures on sapphire by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy. For all growth experiments a simple two step method is applied consisting of a nitridation step on the sapphire substrate and the growth of GaN. Vertically aligned rod‐like structures were achieved with this mask‐free and catalyst‐free approach. The influence of the nitridation step on the formation process of the vertically rod‐structures will be discussed. The results will give an insight into the formation of vertically aligned GaN structures which is an important step towards the understanding and control of self‐assembled GaN rods and nanorods in metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Starch–lipid composites containing cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Bilbao‐Sáinz Cristina , Chiou Bor‐Sen , de Campos Adriana , Du Wen‐Xian , Wood Delilah F. , Klamczynski Artur P. , Glenn Greg M. , Orts William J.
Published: November 2011

The formulation of a starch–lipid composite containing cinnamaldehyde as antimicrobial agent has been studied. Cinnamaldehyde was incorporated as an emulsion using acetem 90–50 K as a carrier and Tween 60 as the emulsifier. Oil in water emulsions were prepared by direct emulsification using a high shear mixer or a high pressure homogenizer (Microfluidizer). Oil in water emulsions containing cinnamaldehyde were further used to prepare starch–oil composites by mixing the emulsions with a completely gelatinized starch solution (wx starch, native corn dent starch, and high AM corn starch). Results demonstrated that in the presence of the emulsifier Tween 60, stable composites could be obtained when sufficient amount of AM was present in the sample. Finally, stable composites were tested for their biocidal activity against Listeria monocitogenes; no survivors remained after 1 day of incubation with 0.25% cinnamaldehyde or after 7 days with 0.025% cinnamaldehyde.
Syntheses and Structures of Three New Copper(II) Coordination Polymers Involving 2, 2‐(4, 6‐Dinitro‐1, 3‐phenylenedioxy)­diacetic Acid
Authors: Ma Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Xiu‐Mei , Liu Pei‐Jiang , Zhang Shuai
Published: November 2011

Three copper(II) coordination polymers, namely, {[CuL(H2O)2]·4H2O}n(1), [CuL(H2O)(DMF)]n(2), and [CuL(2, 2′‐bipy)(DMSO)]·DMSO (3) [H2L = 2, 2′‐(4, 6‐dinitro‐1, 3‐phenyl‐enedioxy)diacetic acid] were synthesized in different solvents (H2O, DMF, and DMSO). X‐ray single crystal diffraction studies show that both complexes 1 and 3 belong to triclinic crystal system and P$\bar{1}$ space group and complex 2 belongs to the monoclinic crystal system and P21/c space group. In three complexes, all the central CuII ions coordinate with the ligand, forming a square pyramidal configuration. Both complexes 1 and 2 show similar 1D chain‐like structure and the chains are further connected by hydrogen bonds, forming 3D frameworks. Complex 3 exhibits a 0D structure due to the introduction of the ligand 2, 2′‐bipy. In addition, the luminescence properties of these complexes were investigated.
Design, baseline characteristics, and early findings of the MPS VI (mucopolysaccharidosis VI) Clinical Surveillance Program (CSP)
Authors: Hendriksz Christian J. , Giugliani Roberto , Harmatz Paul , Lampe Christina , Martins Ana Maria , Pastores Gregory M. , Steiner Robert D. , Leão Teles Elisa , Valayannopoulos Vassili ,   for the CSP Study Group
Published: November 2011

Objective

To outline the design, baseline data, and 5‐year follow‐up data of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI enrolled in the Clinical Surveillance Program (CSP), a voluntary, multinational, observational program.

Methods

The MPS VI CSP was opened in 2005 to collect, for at least 15 years, observational data from standard clinical and laboratory assessments of patients with MPS VI. Baseline and follow‐up data are documented by participating physicians in electronic case report forms.

Results

Between September 2005 and March 2010 the CSP enrolled 132 patients, including 123 who received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with galsulfase. Median age at enrolment was 13 years (range 1–59). Mean baseline data showed impaired growth, hepatosplenomegaly, and reduced endurance and pulmonary function. The most common findings were heart valve disease (90%), reduced visual acuity (79%), impaired hearing (59%), and hepatosplenomegaly (54%). Follow‐up data up to 5 years in patients with pre‐ and post‐ERT measurements showed a decrease in urinary glycosaminoglycans and increases in height and weight in patients <16 years and suggested reductions in liver and spleen size and improvements in endurance and pulmonary function after ERT was started. Vision, hearing, and cardiac function were unchanged. Safety data were in line with previous reports.

Conclusions

The CSP represents the largest cross‐sectional study of MPS VI to date. This first report provides information on the design and implementation of the program and population statistics for several clinical variables in patients with MPS VI. Data collected over 5 years suggest that ERT provides clinical benefit and is well‐tolerated with no new safety concerns.
The Guilsfield Hoard: A Reconsideration
Authors: Davies D. Gareth
Published: November 2011

The Late Bronze Age hoard found at Guilsfield, Montgomeryshire, as well as being the largest and best known from Wales and the Marches, has also been one of the most discussed. Dr. H. N. Savory has recently reviewed the find with the aim of making clear its true content, and with the intention of setting the hoard in its proper local and national context. Consequently, he has provided ‘a reasonably complete set of measured drawings’ and inventory, and the most detailed analysis and evaluation of the hoard hitherto attempted. The present writer has been independently engaged in the study of the same hoard and feels that further critical evidence can be adduced to clarify the nature and significance of this important find. In view of these facts, and bearing in mind the large number of important studies of this period which have been published in the last few years, yet another discussion of the find seems desirable.
Cirencester, 1966
Authors: Brown P. D. C. , McWhirr Alan D.
Published: November 2011

The Cirencester Excavation Committee conducted two sets of excavations in 1966: at Easter, four weeks were spent excavating the Saxon church and an internal tower on the Roman defences; during the Summer, in a six week campaign, various development sites in the town were examined (fig. 1) and sections were cut across the seating bank of the amphitheatre.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Evans Joan
Published: November 2011

I do not believe that anyone gives up the illustrious office of President of the Society of Antiquaries without emotion; I was your first woman President, and I certainly do not. I want to thank you all—Officers, Councillors, Fellows, and staff—for the steady and unwavering kindness and indulgence that you have shown me during my tenure of office.
Excavations at South Cadbury Castle 1970: Summary Report
Authors: Alcock Leslie
Published: November 2011

The final season of excavations at South Cadbury Castle in July–September 1970 produced evidence for a Neolithic ditch. Five phases of remodelling were detected in the Pre-Roman gateway, and two in the Early Post-Roman gate. An important group of bronze brooches was associated with a massacre at the Roman Conquest. In the interior, both circular and rectangular buildings of the Iron Age were uncovered, as well as a building ancillary to the Early Post-Roman hall. Finds included an ΑΝΤΕΘ stater.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Taylor A. J.
Published: November 2011

I stand before you this afternoon as the thirty-second lineal successor to Peter Le Neve, herald, genealogist, and antiquary, chosen in 1707 to be the first President of the ‘new creation’ and reputedly a former President, as far back as 1689, when he would still have been on the right side of 30, of the last of the forerunner societies whose intermittent existence links our present body with the circle of Stow and Lambarde, Cotton and Camden. If filial piety to an alma mater is not out of place on such an occasion, may I say that one of the special pleasures you have given me, a Londoner born and bred, by electing me as your thirty-third President, is the thought that there is one thing which Peter Le Neve and I and no other two Presidents have in common: we were nursed upon the self-same hill, though admittedly the nursing of the 1670s and the 1920s took place on opposite sides of the Walbrook. I find another source of pleasure, and indeed of pride, in reflecting that the occupant of this chair in the days when I made my first three visits to these rooms in 1932 was also my predecessor as Chief Inspector; and if it is to the first Inspector of Ancient Monuments, Pitt Rivers, that we look back as the father of modern field archaeology, it is the second, Sir Charles Peers, successively Secretary, Director, and President of the Antiquaries from 1908 to 1934, who deserves to be remembered as the initiator of Britain's approach to the conservation of standing monuments, an approach which brought renown to his branch of the public service and set the standards which are still its guide today.
Prehistoric Crop Cultivation in Southern England: A Reconsideration
Authors: Dennell R. W.
Published: November 2011

This article re-examines Helbaek's (1952) conclusion that wheat was the main crop in southern England during the Neolithic and Iron Age, but that barley was the main cultigen in the Bronze Age. It is shown that the grain impressions from Windmill Hill, which form most of our data on Neolithic crop agriculture, represent a mixture of two crop economies which were practised in ecologically dissimilar regions. The suggestion is made that both wheat and barley were staple crops in different areas of southern England from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. There is no evidence that the importance of either cultigen changed over this period.
The Classification of Early Iron-Smelting Furnaces
Authors: Cleere H. F.
Published: November 2011

The paper begins by surveying the different types of early iron-smelting furnace, based on a tentative classification proposed by Coghlan in 1956. The ambiguities in this classification are indicated, together with examples of furnaces that do not fall easily into one of its three categories.

On the basis of data derived principally from furnaces of the Early Iron Age and Roman periods from northern Europe, the author proposes a new classification into two main groups, differentiated by their provisions or otherwise for the removal of molten slag during the iron-smelting operation. Each of these groups is further subdivided, according to the shape of the furnace superstructure and/or the method of supplying the air blast.
Some Types of Metal Chafing-Dish
Authors: Lewis J. M.
Published: November 2011

The evidence of inventories and port-books shows that chafing-dishes were widely used and traded between the fifteenth and the eighteenth centuries, the types ranging from vessels of precious metals to everyday objects of pottery, which presumably imitated the metallic forms. This paper, which is not claimed to be exhaustive, defines seven types of ‘latten’ vessels current during the period, attempting to date them and assign them to areas of manufacture. The attempt to date them met with limited success in only four of the types, the others being interpolated into the resulting scheme on typological grounds. Four of the types were thought to be of continental manufacture, but it was suggested that two might be English.
Excavations at Verulamium, 1960: Sixth Interim Report
Authors: Frere S. S.
Published: November 2011

The sixth season at Verulamium lasted a period of five weeks from 20th July to 24th August 1960. As the last full season of the current programme, it was designed to test one or two specific questions and to complete work already begun. Trenches were cut in insulae XIX and XXVIII in an attempt to define the south-east and south-west sides respectively of the suspected Claudian fort, but met with no success. In insula XIV a small area still outstanding was excavated down to the level of the Antonine fire: in insula XXI further work was done on building 2, to complete the plan and to salvage some painted wall plaster still remaining. In insula XXVII the stoke-hole, added perhaps as late as the early fifth century to building 2, room 15, was examined and trenches were cut to trace the further course of the fifth-century pipe-line. The main task for 1960, however, was to test the results of the proton-magnetometer survey carried out in 1959, by cutting sections across the line thus suggested for the ‘1955 Ditch’. This was done at two points, the first in insula VIII and the second just south-west of insula V, and the existence of the earthwork on the course predicted was confirmed. Later in the autumn the north-west side of the enclosure was defined by a further magnetic survey by Dr. M. J. Aitken.
An Anglo-Saxon Disc Brooch from Northamptonshire
Authors: Evison Vera I.
Published: November 2011

A small gilt-bronze disc brooch was found at Little Houghton, Northants., in 1957, a surface find on a Roman site, and was acquired by Northampton Museum (pl. xv b, fig. 1). It is a thin disc, diameter 2·5 cm., tapering at the border, with remains of pin holder and catch at the back and shallow pattern in relief on the front. The gilding has rubbed off the higher parts of the pattern, and has disappeared entirely in places where the brooch has been damaged and bent, possibly by fire. The ornament consists of two Style II animals, identical except for the shape of the jaw. They are S-shaped, turning round to bite their own backs; the body continues directly into the angle of a back leg which crosses the body and ends at the border in the rudiments of a foot; a front limb shoots forward to interlock with the hind curve of the other animal; the head is an eye framed by a right-angle; in one case the upper jaw passes below the body and the lower jaw is short and curves only slightly outwards; in the other the upper jaw again runs below the body, and the lower jaw swings round and seems to meet the upper jaw behind in a complete loop. There is damage at this point, however, and on analogous evidence it is quite likely that the lower jaw did not join the upper, but swept on independently.
A Roman Stone-Masons' Workshop at Chester-le-Street and Lanchester
Authors: Kewley Joyce
Published: November 2011

A study of Roman domestic altars from sites in the Hadrianic frontier region suggests that flourishing stone-masons' workshops based at Chester-le-Street and Lanchester were in production in the third century A.D. Although some of the masons may have been time-expired soldiers, the workshops catered mainly for the civilian market. The altars show an enterprising approach to design, and skill in the application of decorative patterns and motifs. The workshops are examples of successful small-scale economic enterprise in the Romano-British period.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Taylor A. J.
Published: November 2011

As I walked down Piccadilly one Thursday afternoon not long ago, I saw a notice outside our parish church announcing that a famous musician was to address a lunch-time audience on the subject of ‘The Virtues of Silence’. Rather ruefully I reflected that such virtues are not permitted to Presidents at Anniversary time; and so my fancy lightly turned to thoughts of the Address to be delivered to you today. For all that silence may be golden, none the less speech is silvern, and how better may I preface my remarks on this particular occasion than with the expression of a heartfelt salute to the Silver Jubilee of our Royal Patron, Her Most Sacred Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second? We who are, as it were, second generation Elizabethan antiquaries shall be sharing in the national jollifications and observing them in our own traditional fashion later this evening; and I shall then take the opportunity of reading to the assembled company the text of the Loyal Address which the Society will be transmitting to Her Majesty. Only a fortnight ago, and within but a few days of Her Majesty's return from Australia and New Zealand, it was my privilege to be amongst those gathered to witness the Queen distribute the Royal Maundy in Westminster Abbey, surely as moving a testimony to the continuity of our institutions, and to our Sovereign Patron's personal devotion to them, as any antiquary could wish; indeed to one of those present it recalled a far, far earlier ceremonial connected with queens and the abbey, recorded in a chance reference of 1246 to Henry III requesting the chaplains of London to celebrate, and I quote, ‘the anniversary of the three queens buried at Westminster’, that is to say Sebert's Queen Ethelgotha (d. 615), Edward the Confessor's Queen Edith, and Henry I's Queen Matilda (d. 1118): a piece of ‘mere antiquarianism’ perhaps, but one surely not unbefitting our own anniversary.
A Greco-Roman Anchor-Stock from North Wales
Authors: Boon George C.
Published: November 2011

A leaden anchor-stock found off Porth Felen at the tip of the Llŷn peninsula in 1974 is described. So far unique in British waters, the stock is of a Mediterranean pattern obsolete by the time of the Roman conquest of Wales. From its decoration it may be assigned to the late second century B.C., or possibly a little later. The typology of ancient anchors is considered, and the reasons which may have brought a small Mediterranean craft to that spot are reviewed. The stock is now in the National Museum of Wales.
Excavations at South Cadbury Castle, 1968: A Summary Report
Authors: Alcock Leslie
Published: November 2011

Continued excavations at South Cadbury in July-August 1968 discovered Early Neolithic pottery and flints beneath the Iron Age ramparts and thereby hinted at a 20-acre embanked settlement. Four or five structural phases were revealed in the Iron Age ramparts themselves, the first a timber-revetted bank, the second a stone-faced wall, and the later ones more indeterminate. Within the defences storage-pits, circular houses, and a possible shrine were explored. Wall-trenches for a prefabricated rectangular building may mark a brief Roman military occupation, and the trench for one wall of a probable fifth—sixth century A.D. building was also discovered. Examination of the later phases of the south-west gate showed that a well-built Æthelredan entrance had been savagely slighted, probably under Cnut, and had then been overlaid by a crude drystone gate. Finally, on the summit was found a rock-cut foundation trench of the twelfth or thirteenth century, apparently for a projected castle.
Romano-British Pottery Kilns near Northampton
Authors: Johnston D. E.
Published: November 2011

Intensive recent field-work in the Upper Nene valley has located many new kiln sites. Twenty, in an area about eight miles by six, are surveyed in this paper, and their products studied and illustrated; distribution of the products is shown, provisionally, to be purely local. A group of kilns excavated in 1962 at Ecton is reported on in full. Four updraught kilns of varying forms fired the work of at least two potters in the second and third centuries A.D. ; this included flagons and mortaria. The industry locally dates from the mid first century A.D. and flourished into the second; a recession in the third century was apparently followed by complete breakdown in the fourth. This perhaps reflects competition from potteries of the Lower Nene around Castor, as occupation of domestic sites continued unabated.
A Bronze Horse Figurine found near Birkwood, Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire
Authors: Scott J. G. , Powell T. G. E.
Published: November 2011

The bronze horse figurine found at Birkwood, Lanarkshire, Scotland, is described, and found to compare closely with horse figurines from Hallstatt, Upper Austria. These in turn relate to figurines decorating bronze vessels in Etruria, and in Greece, especially at Olympia in late Geometric contexts. Considerations bearing on horse-trading along the Adriatic, and the dissemination of ideas about racing trophies, are discussed. The occurrence of Hallstatt exotics in Scotland is summarized, but it cannot be established that the Birkwood figurine was an ancient import as it was a stray find.
Excavations at Fishbourne, 1967: Seventh and Final Interim Report
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

The last major season in the present series of excavations at Fishbourne took place between 29th July and 2nd September, with a labour force restricted to sixty volunteers a day. This year the main effort was concentrated upon the excavation of the garden belonging to the Flavian Palace: a substantial area was examined during the main period of work, but it was not until the early spring that the final stages were completed by a small team of volunteers working in conjunction with a mechanical excavator. Several other areas were examined during the summer. By great good fortune a small site became available for study on the south side of the modern main road, providing for the first time clear evidence that the Palace possessed a South Wing. On the main site, the east front of the aisled hall was excavated together with the early levels beneath it, and further work was undertaken on the west front of the entrance hall. Finally, some time was spent finishing details of the excavation of the area lying north of the West Wing and west of the North Wing—a site which in the previous spring had been almost totally excavated, prior to the building of the site Museum and concourse.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Myres J. N. L.
Published: November 2011

On two occasions during the past year our apartments here have been the scene of festive celebrations unusual in our normally unexciting routine, but none the less welcome for that. On 2 May 1974 we were privileged to entertain our Royal Fellow Queen Margrethe of Denmark who graciously agreed to accept an invitation to be formally admitted to her Fellowship in the course of her State Visit to this country. After the admission ceremony, which followed traditional lines in this room, Her Majesty attended a reception in her honour in the Library at which she was able to meet the Officers and their wives, members of Council, and many Fellows and guests, including a number who had been her teachers or contemporaries when she was studying archaeology at Cambridge some years ago. She also showed great interest in some of our treasures, such as the portrait of her ancestor King Christian II of Denmark, and in a special exhibition of material illustrating our Society's links with the Danish pioneers of European archaeology in the heroic age a century and more ago when her country led the world in the systematic study of prehistory and in the protection of ancient monuments. This exhibition, admirably contrived and displayed by our learned Librarian, showed once again what a wealth of material our collections contain on so many aspects of antiquity. The arrival and departure of the Queen were signalled by splendid fanfares from our good friends the Guild of Gentlemen Trumpeters, and we have reason to believe that Her Majesty enjoyed these outbursts of joyful noise, and indeed the whole delightfully informal occasion, every bit as much as we did ourselves.
Dress in Baroque Portraiture: the Flight From Fashion
Authors: de Marly Diana
Published: November 2011

Baroque artists were so concerned at the changeability of contemporary fashion that they employed Roman, Arcadian and informal dress in portraits in an attempt to be timeless.
Early Anglo-Saxon Applied Disc Brooches. Part I: On the Continent
Authors: Evison Vera I.
Published: November 2011

Fragments of an applied brooch found among the tiles of the collapsed roof of the Roman bath building in Lower Thames Street, London, were exhibited to the Society in March 1969, and they again raised the question of the date of this type of brooch. The applied saucer brooch in Anglo-Saxon England has often been discussed in connection with the cast saucer brooch, and as the two types are very similar in appearance, it would be as well at the outset to remind ourselves of their several distinguishing features. The Anglo-Saxon applied brooch consists of a disc or back plate of metal, usually bronze and concave, but sometimes flat; the spring lug and pin catch at the back are often separate pieces of metal fixed through slots in the disc, and the pin is of iron or occasionally bronze. On top of the back plate is fastened, by means of some adhesive material, a disc of thin, gilt, bronze sheet, decorated with a repoussé design. There was sometimes an intervening packing of perishable material no longer traceable. A circular band of bronze is fastened on the edge at an angle to the disc to form a rim. When found, the rim and decorative plate have usually become detached, and have often been lost altogether. It is not surprising, therefore, that an alternative method was adopted to make a more durable construction in one piece; the base plate with spring lug and pin catch, together with the decorative surface and rim, were all cast in one piece, so forming the saucer brooch. This was a development of the applied brooch, but the two types continued in use at the same time, and as one design often occurs on both types, they are usually considered together. As there are very few saucer brooches on the Continent, however, possibly contemporary specimens are mainly excluded from the present review, nor will any attention be paid to the larger applied brooches found almost exclusively in this country, many of which are ornamented with animals in Style I and belong mainly to the sixth century.
Some English medieval alabaster carvings in Italy
Authors: Hildburgh W. L.
Published: November 2011

There are, or at least are known formerly to have been, in Italy a somewhat surprising number of alabaster carvings produced in medieval England, some of them in their original gaily-painted frameworks, in churches or in museums; others, detached from their initial wooden supports and now more or less isolated, preserved in public museums or in private collections. How and when these carvings came to be in Italy would seem to have remained as yet almost uninvestigated, although examination of contemporary archives concerned with Italian churches in which English alabasters exist, or from which it is known that they have been removed, might well bring to light information of signal importance to historians of the once vigorous English alabaster industry. Despite the abundance of surviving English alabaster carvings—they may well number some thousands—it is to only a minute percentage of them that we are able to assign with reasonable certainty a date more than broadly approximate; or, at least for those carved after about 1400, with more than moderate assurance the locality responsible for their production. Although records there are, some foreign but for the most part English, of matters connected with the English alabaster industry, co-ordination between individual carvings and the documentary evidence is almost completely lacking. While there is strong probability that some of the English alabasters in Italy reached there as refugees expelled from England, or smuggled out, because of the religious disturbances resulting from the English Reformation, it would appear correspondingly probable that many of them passed to Italy in the ordinary course of trade, as seems indeed to have been the case with the St. Peter and St. Paul, and their two accompanying alabaster carvings, cited infra. Most of the English alabasters still in Italy or recorded as having come from there are presumably attributable to the fifteenth century. I think it by no means unlikely that examination of Italian ecclesiastical records could in at least some cases inform us where those alabasters had been purchased, when and whence they were shipped, by or through whom they were presented, and perhaps of other matters of interest in connexion with the English alabaster industry.
The Valliscaulian Priory of Beauly
Authors: Simpson W. Douglas
Published: November 2011

Towards the end of the twelfth century the Carthusian monastery of Lugny or Luvigny, near Langres in Burgundy, contained a lay brother named Viard. In him the fire of religious enthusiasm burned so bright that he obtained leave from his abbot to retire into a cave in the Val des Choux—Vallis Caulium, the ‘Kail Glen’ as we call it in our homely Scottish speech—a sequestered glen amid the neighbouring wooded hills. Here he led a life of such austere devotion that his fame waxed great through the land of Burgundy, and in the end drew to his lonely hermitage Duke Odo III, then about to start on the Fourth Crusade. So impressed was the duke by his interview with the recluse that he vowed, should he return in safety from the Holy Land, to establish a monastery in the Kail Glen, and to place Viard at its head. In this way, shortly before 1200, was founded the monastery of the Val des Choux. Odo's first grant, making over the Kail Glen to the brethren, was made in 1203; and by 1206 the new order of monks—for such it was—had aroused the interest of Pope Innocent III, who by a Bull issued in that year recognized the Valliscaulian Order and confirmed their rule. It was one of exceptional severity. All the brethren, prior included, were to dine in the common frater, sharing the same fare, and abstaining from meat and gravy. They were not allowed to work, save in tending the monastic gardens, and were therefore enjoined to live off their own revenues. They were bound to silence, and prohibited from leaving the cloister save on the business of their Order. They were to wear hair shirts, and to sleep fully clothed and in their shoes, and on beds without a mattress. Small wonder that so drastic a rule was found untenable, and in 1223 a second Bull allowed the monks of the Kail Glen a considerable measure of relaxation.
An Irish crozier-head found near Stockholm
Authors: Holmqvist Wilhelm
Published: November 2011

In the summer of 1954 the archaeological investigation of a habitation-site of the second half of the first millennium A.D. began on a little island about 30 kilometres west of Stockholm in Lake Mälar. The island, known as Lillö, lies in Ekerö parish in the province of Uppland. The resultant finds were extraordinarily rich and interesting, and the outcome of the investigations now in progress, which will take in also a number of small burial-grounds connected with the habitation-site, is awaited with some excitement.
Heraldic and Decorated Metalwork and Other Finds from Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire
Authors: Dunning G. C.
Published: November 2011

Between 1919 and 1931 a large amount of medieval pottery, objects of metal, jet, and bone, and coins and jettons were found at Rievaulx Abbey in the course of clearance by H.M. Office of Works (now the Ministry of Public Building and Works). The collection includes two examples of heraldic metalwork and a decorated strip which are sufficiently remarkable to merit detailed publication. The pendant (pl. xxi a) was found in 1922 at the east end of the Church, in the filling of the second from the south of the five chapels in a row against the east wall. The mounting and roundel (pl. xxi b–d) were found in 1924 in the filling on the west side of the Frater, south of the flight of steps leading to the pulpit. The third object, the metal strip with inscription (pl. xxi e), was found in 1925 between the Frater and the Reredorter. No significance can be attached to these findspots, since small objects were found in nearly every part of the abbey. No doubt some were lost during the period of occupation, but the majority seem to have been scattered about by despoilers at the time of the Suppression in 1539.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Evans Joan
Published: November 2011

Once again—and for the last time—I have to thank you for re-electing me your President, and for again giving me the officers to support me on whose advice I have grown to depend. I think five years is about the right tenure for a President. When I had the honour of presiding over the Royal Archaeological Institute for three years, I felt that the moment for retirement came just as I was beginning to know my job; and if I had more than another year at the Antiquaries, I fear that I might begin to feel proprietary.
An English Alabaster at Muret, Haute-Garonne
Authors: Evans Joan
Published: November 2011

In 1957 I published a note in the Antiquaries Journal on a small alabaster sculpture of the Virgin and St. Anne, which I considered to be of English origin, from Montpezat-de-Quercy, Tarn-et-Garonne, and noted that its subject was also represented on an English alabaster in the Hildburgh collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum that was believed to come from Bruniquel, also in Languedoc. The importation from England of alabaster sculptures of St. Anne teaching the Virgin to read is confirmed by yet another such group in the parish church of Saint-Jacques at Muret, Haute-Garonne. Its existence was revealed to me by M. Mathieu Meras, Directeur des Services d'Archives and Keeper of Antiquities at Montauban. He included it in an exhibition of “Tresors d'Art Gothique en Languedoc’ held at the Musée Ingres, Montauban, from June to September 1961.
Fashionable Suppliers 1660–1700: Leading Tailors and Clothing Tradesmen of the Restoration Period
Authors: de Marly Diana
Published: November 2011

A study of seven collections of clothing accounts reveals that in the period 1660–1700 ten firms held a dominant position in London as suppliers of clothes and materials to the nobility. Below this group there were numerous tradesmen with only one aristocratic patron at a time.
An excavation below Bishop Tunstal's Chapel, Durham Castle
Authors: Simpson Grace , Hatley Victor
Published: November 2011

Bishop Cuthbert Tunstal of Durham (1530-59), civil servant, scholar, and friend of Erasmus and Sir Thomas More, may also claim distinction for his building activity at Durham Castle. During his episcopacy he constructed the gallery fronting the twelfth-century work of Bishop Puiset, the lower stages of the clock-tower, and the chapel since generally known by his name. This last work superseded the original Norman chapel which must, by the second quarter of the sixteenth century, have become increasingly unsuitable for the everyday use of the bishop's household. The Tunstal chapel (plan, fig. 1) was enlarged by Bishop Lord Crewe (1674–1721), who added two more bays to the east, the termination of Bishop Tunstal's work being at a point corresponding to the west jamb of the second window from the east. The chapel is situated on an upper story, the room below now being the University College Junior Common Room. The builders made use of the foundations of a shorter earlier building, the east wall of which (plan, fig. 1, section BB) was retained as a limit to the lower room and as a support for the chapel floor. Nevertheless, beyond this wall the east bay of the chapel overhung the sloping side of the motte, leaving a triangular space beneath the floor (section AA, fig. 2). They therefore packed this space with large stones and rubbish, which included broken pottery, the whole being sealed by a layer of rubble and mortar on which the chapel floor could be laid. Just below the rubble a drain formed by a U-shaped piece of lead with a stone cover ran to a weep-hole in the south wall.
Fieldwork on aerial discoveries in Attica and Rhodes. Part II. Ancient field systems on Mt. Hymettos, near Athens
Authors: Bradford John
Published: November 2011

The scene of my inquiries in Attica in 1955 was the coastal plain south of Athens, on the very doorstep of the city. The background was formed by the magnificent profile of Hymettos, with its long, impressive, but not forbidding skyline. The bare rounded mountain sides are steep but towards the foot they give place to gentler slopes composed of soil washed down from above; and even the narrow plain itself is tilted towards the sea. The soil of this zone is notably rich, terra rossa and rendzina—some of the best soil near Athens. The importance of this fact would have been as obvious to ancient farmers as it is to those who today are restoring large-scale cultivation to the zone.
Church orientations and patronal festivals
Authors: Benson Hugh
Published: November 2011

InAntiq. Journ.xxx (1950), pp. 47–51, the late C.J.P. Cave, F.S.A., contributed a paper on the orientation of churches. He referred to Wordsworth's poem on Rydal chapel, written in 1823, and to the note prefixed to it. In this note Wordsworth says: ‘Our churches invariably perhaps, stand east and west, butwhyis by few personsexactlyknown; nor, that the degree of deviation fromdueeast often noticed in the ancient ones was determined, in each particular case, by the point in the horizon at which the sun rose upon the day of the saint to whom the church was dedicated.’ The poem that follows describes a vigil on the site the night before, and in the morning the solemn fixing of the church's position by observing the rising sun.
A carved marble fragment at Riom (Puy-De-Dôme) and the chronology of the Aquitanian sarcophagi
Authors: Ward-Perkins J. B.
Published: November 2011

The carved marble fragment illustrated in plate IX and in the accompanying drawing (fig. 1) is walled into the right-hand side of the entrance to the museum of Riom, a small town about ten miles north of Clermont-Ferrand, in the department of Puy-de-Dôme. It is labelled ‘Fragment d'un tombeau gallo-romain’; and although nothing further seems to be known either about the circumstances of its discovery or how it came to enter the museum collections, to judge from the other lapidary fragments with which it is displayed there is a strong probability that it was found locally.
Some Samian ware of Form 72
Authors: Detsicas A. P.
Published: November 2011

The samian bowl, of form 72 with barbotine and appliqué designs in relief, illustrated in fig. 1, was found in 1958 during a small excavation carried out in connexion with rebuilding work at Guy's New House, Bermondsey; it has already been briefly noticed in the Journal of Roman Studies.

This globular bowl (ht. 7⅝ in., with an inner rim diameter of 4⅜ in. and a maximum diameter of 7⅛ in.), of which nearly two-thirds has been restored, belongs to a class of samian ware that was first extensively studied by Déchelette. The decoration (fig. 1), consisting both of reliefs applied from a mould and of barbotine designs, is divided into three zones which are in turn separated from one another by double grooves of varying width.
Cirencester, 1963. Fourth Interim Report
Authors: Wacher John S.
Published: November 2011

The excavations at Cirencester in the summer of 1963 were the most extensive that have so far taken place, with work continuing at the Amphitheatre and on five new sites inside the town. Also, as so often has happened in past years, yet another rescue dig had to be undertaken in October, after the main season had finished. Apart from the Amphitheatre, a site in the middle of the Forum was most generously made available by Mr. and Mrs. Constable; further information about the buildings in Parsonage Field, close to the earlier excavations of Miss K. M. Richardson, F.S.A., and Miss M. Rennie, was obtained, thanks to permission given by Gloucestershire County Council; extended knowledge of the defences on the south-west side of the town was obtained by the kind permission of the Watermoor Hospital Management Committee; problems relating to the street system were resolved in the front garden of the telephone exchange thanks to the General Post Office, and in the garden of Dyer Court thanks to Cirencester Urban District Council, who, with Lord Bathurst, also gave permission for the continuation of work at the Amphitheatre. Finally a small site in West Way produced information of Roman buildings in a hitherto unexplored area, for which permission was granted by Ardin and Brooks and Partners on behalf of their clients Messrs. Lipton's Ltd. The Excavation Committee's indebtedness to all who took part in the excavations, over ninety in number, and to all who contributed financially towards them, must be gratefully recorded.
Excavations at Fishbourne, 1965. Fifth Interim Report
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

The excavations of 1965 were largely concerned with the examination of the field containing the east and west wings of the palace and the Great Court which lies between them. As last year's work had almost completed the outline plan of the palace, the 1965 season was concentrated upon the detailed examination of the audience chamber and the entrance hall, the sample excavation of the garden about which practically nothing was known, and the area excavation of those parts of the timber and early masonry buildings belonging to the first-period settlement which had not previously been examined. In addition to this, trial trenches were cut through the newly acquired market-garden to the west of the main site, and further trenching was carried out in the fields to the north of the north wing and the field to the south of the modern main road. The final excavation of the north wing of the palace has been postponed until next season, after the construction of the modern cover-building has been completed.
The Southwark Knife Reconsidered
Authors: Cowen J. D.
Published: November 2011

The iron knife with silver inlay found in Southwark in 1930 is reconsidered in the light of more recent publication of weapons with silver inlay from the East Baltic area. The technical and stylistic parallels suggest an origin in that area and a date within the period 1100–1300.