bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yugoslav science during the Cold War (1945–1960): socio-economic and ideological impacts of a geopolitical shift
Authors: Korolija Maja
Published: December 2023

Two ideological views on science dominated the Cold War era: one of a free and apolitical science, and the other emphasizing partisanship in science, associated with the Western and Eastern Blocs, respectively. This study offers a specific perspective of important elements belonging to these scientific positions, as it reveals their entanglement with geopolitical and socio-economic processes of the (semi)peripheral Yugoslav socialist system during the Cold War period. After the Second World War, and before its break with the USSR in 1948, Yugoslavia tended to emulate Soviet ideology in all aspects of society, including science. In the period following this break, the Yugoslav socialist regime, at least initially, leaned heavily toward the Western Bloc. By comparing Yugoslav science before and after the break with the USSR, this study provides insight into the consequences of the geopolitical shift and socio-economic transition of the Yugoslav socialist system, primarily in terms of the model of scientific organization, financing, and scientific discourse. Exposed to the dynamics of decentralization and, to a larger extent than before, market forces, Yugoslav socialism after the break with the USSR adopted a specific form, namely Socialist Self-Management. Herein, I show that this led to the emergence of novel organizational and discursive tendencies in Yugoslav science, which were compatible with certain aspects of the perspective of science as ‘pure’, autonomous, and apolitical.
Critical Evaluation and Calorimetric Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Na2CrO4, K2CrO4, Na2MoO4, K2MoO4, Na2WO4, and K2WO4
Authors: Benalia Sara , Tesfaye Fiseha , Lindberg Daniel , Sibarani David , Hupa Leena , Chartrand Patrice , Robelin Christian
Published: December 2023

This paper evaluates crystallographic data and thermodynamic properties for sodium chromate, potassium chromate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate (K2MoO4), sodium tungstate, and potassium tungstate collected from the literature. A thorough literature review was carried out to obtain a good understanding of the available data, and a critical evaluation has been performed from room temperature to above the melting temperatures. Also, the solid–solid transition and melting properties of the six pure salts were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and high-temperature x-ray powder diffraction measurements were performed to determine the crystal structures and space groups associated with the phases of K2MoO4. This work is the first step towards the development of a thermodynamic model for the Na+, K+//Cl−, SO42−, CO32−, CrO42−, Cr2O72−, MoO42−, Mo2O72−, WO42−, W2O72−, O2− system that is relevant for high temperature corrosion in atmospheres containing O–H–S–C–Cl and alkali salts.
Vascularized microfluidic models of major organ structures and cancerous tissues
Authors: Rama Varma Anagha , Fathi Parinaz
Published: December 2023

Organ-on-a-chip devices are powerful modeling systems that allow researchers to recapitulate the in vivo structures of organs as well as the physiological conditions those tissues are subject to. These devices are useful tools in modeling not only the behavior of a healthy organ but also in modeling disease pathology or the effects of specific drugs. The incorporation of fluidic flow is of great significance in these devices due to the important roles of physiological fluid flows in vivo. Recent developments in the field have led to the production of vascularized organ-on-a-chip devices, which can more accurately reproduce the conditions observed in vivo by recapitulating the vasculature of the organ concerned. This review paper will provide a brief overview of the history of organ-on-a-chip devices, before discussing developments in the production of vascularized organs-on-chips, and the implications these developments hold for the future of the field.
Ligon–Schaaf regularization map revisited
Authors: Meng Guowu
Published: December 2023

The phase space of the classical Kepler problem is incomplete, as certain Kepler motions do not continue indefinitely in time. To address this issue, a method called “regularization” was introduced in the 1960s and 1970s. While there are several versions of this scheme, the one developed by Ligon and Schaaf [Rep. Math. Phys. 9, 281–300 (1976)] is often preferred due to its global nature and lack of time reparameterization requirement. In this article, we present a new regularization method that is both global and requires no time reparameterization, while also exhibiting a higher degree of symmetry. Our method emphasizes symmetries over spaces and exhibits a duality similar to the compact-noncompact duality observed in symmetric spaces.
Control of closure domain state circulation in coupled triangular permalloy elements using MFM tip
Authors: Ščepka Tomáš , Feilhauer Juraj , Tóbik Jaroslav , Krylov Sergei , Kalmykova Tetiana , Cambel Vladimír , Mruczkiewicz Michal
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate experimentally and numerically the control of magnetization circulation of the closure domain state in thin permalloy squares divided diagonally into four dipolar-coupled isosceles triangles. The control over the magnetization circulation was achieved by the mutual application of a suitable external in-plane magnetic field and interaction with a magnetic force microscopy (MFM) tip. Numerical simulations confirm that the proposed switching protocol is valid for the broad range of MFM tips. Experiments performed on four diagonally cut squares show that this method is robust against slight imperfections in the fabrication process. Moreover, by varying the polarity of the applied field and the direction of the MFM scanning, proper symmetry response of the switching method is observed.
Oceanic shallow-water investigations on a generalized Whitham–Broer–Kaup–Boussinesq–Kupershmidt system
Authors: Gao Xin-Yi
Published: December 2023

To date, with respect to water waves, researchers have studied certain systems, including a generalized Whitham–Broer–Kaup–Boussinesq–Kupershmidt system that describes, e.g., the dispersive long waves in the oceanic shallow water, which we study here. With respect to, e.g., the horizontal velocity of the water wave as well as the height of the deviation from the equilibrium position of the water, with symbolic computation, on the one hand, the system is found to pass the Painlevé test under some coefficient constraints, while on the other hand, two families of the bilinear forms and two families of the N-soliton solutions are constructed, with N as a positive integer. Related constraints are shown. Our bilinear forms and N-soliton solutions depend on the coefficients in the system.
Thermodynamic modeling of thermosyphons and heat pipes
Authors: Sarkar D. , Savory E. , DeGroot C.
Published: December 2023

A model capable of predicting the thermodynamic state of the working fluid and its related properties inside a thermosyphon and a heat pipe is proposed. The model theoretically analyzes the entropy changes of various thermodynamic processes and determines the possible locations of the state points on a temperature-specific entropy (T-s) and a specific enthalpy-specific entropy (h-s) diagram at each stage of the thermodynamic cycle. The analysis reveals that the working fluid enters the condenser in a superheated state, while it enters the evaporator in a subcooled state, irrespective of the operating conditions. Analytical expressions are derived to predict the changes in the temperature, pressure, specific volume, entropy, and enthalpy during each thermodynamic process, along with expressions for estimating entropy generation. The effects of varying input heating power (Qiṅ), the fill ratio, the device aspect ratio, and the device inclination angle (θ) on the working fluid behavior are examined, revealing that they affect the thermodynamic state of the working fluid during operation. The conclusion drawn in the existing heat pipe literature that the operating parameters only influence the thermal resistance of thermosyphons and heat pipes is, therefore, incomplete. The geometric and the operational parameters influence the state of the working fluid at each stage of the thermodynamic cycle. The present thermodynamic model, in conjunction with existing heat pipe theory, completely describes thermosyphon and heat pipe operation under any given set of conditions.
Chiral organic molecular structures supported by planar surfaces
Authors: Savin Alexander V. , Kivshar Yuri S.
Published: December 2023

We employ the molecular dynamics simulations to study the dynamics of acetanilide (ACN) molecules placed on a flat surface of planar multilayer hexagonal boron nitride. We demonstrate that the ACN molecules, known to be achiral in the three-dimensional space, become chiral after being placed on the substrate. Homochirality of the ACN molecules leads to stable secondary structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds between peptide groups of the molecules. By employing molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that the structure of the resulting hydrogen-bond chains depends on the isomeric composition of the molecules. If all molecules are homochiral (i.e., with only one isomer being present), they form secondary structures (chains of hydrogen bonds in the shapes of arcs, circles, and spirals). If the molecules at the substrate form a racemic mixture, then no regular secondary structures appear, and only curvilinear chains of hydrogen bonds of random shapes emerge. A hydrogen-bond chain can form a zigzag array only if it has an alternation of isomers. Such chains can create two-dimensional (2D) regular lattices or 2D crystals. The melting scenarios of such 2D crystals depend on density of its coverage of the substrate. At 25% coverage, melting occurs continuously in the temperature interval 295–365 K. For a complete coverage, melting occurs at 415–470 K due to a shift of 11% of all molecules into the second layer of the substrate.
Detailed balance in mixed quantum–classical mapping approaches
Authors: Amati Graziano , Mannouch Jonathan R. , Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: December 2023

The violation of detailed balance poses a serious problem for the majority of current quasiclassical methods for simulating nonadiabatic dynamics. In order to analyze the severity of the problem, we predict the long-time limits of the electronic populations according to various quasiclassical mapping approaches by applying arguments from classical ergodic theory. Our analysis confirms that regions of the mapping space that correspond to negative populations, which most mapping approaches introduce in order to go beyond the Ehrenfest approximation, pose the most serious issue for reproducing the correct thermalization behavior. This is because inverted potentials, which arise from negative electronic populations entering the nuclear force, can result in trajectories unphysically accelerating off to infinity. The recently developed mapping approach to surface hopping (MASH) provides a simple way of avoiding inverted potentials while retaining an accurate description of the dynamics. We prove that MASH, unlike any other quasiclassical approach, is guaranteed to describe the exact thermalization behavior of all quantum–classical systems, confirming it as one of the most promising methods for simulating nonadiabatic dynamics in real condensed-phase systems.
Low temperature reaction kinetics inside an extended Laval nozzle: REMPI characterization and detection by broadband rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Thawoos Shameemah , Suas-David Nicolas , Gurusinghe Ranil M. , Edlin Matthew , Behzadfar Abbas , Lang Jinxin , Suits Arthur G.
Published: December 2023

Chirped-Pulse Fourier-Transform millimeter wave (CP-FTmmW) spectroscopy is a powerful method that enables detection of quantum state specific reactants and products in mixtures. We have successfully coupled this technique with a pulsed uniform Laval flow system to study photodissociation and reactions at low temperature, which we refer to as CPUF (“Chirped-Pulse/Uniform flow”). Detection by CPUF requires monitoring the free induction decay (FID) of the rotational coherence. However, the high collision frequency in high-density uniform supersonic flows can interfere with the FID and attenuate the signal. One way to overcome this is to sample the flow, but this can cause interference from shocks in the sampling region. This led us to develop an extended Laval nozzle that creates a uniform flow within the nozzle itself, after which the gas undergoes a shock-free secondary expansion to cold, low pressure conditions ideal for CP-FTmmW detection. Impact pressure measurements, commonly used to characterize Laval flows, cannot be used to monitor the flow within the nozzle. Therefore, we implemented a REMPI (resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization) detection scheme that allows the interrogation of the conditions of the flow directly inside the extended nozzle, confirming the fluid dynamics simulations of the flow environment. We describe the development of the new 20 K extended flow, along with its characterization using REMPI and computational fluid dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate its application to the first low temperature measurement of the reaction kinetics of HCO with O2 and obtain a rate coefficient at 20 K of 6.66 ± 0.47 × 10−11 cm3 molec−1 s−1.
Externally Heated Diamond ANvil Cell Experimentation (EH-DANCE) for studying materials and processes under extreme conditions
Authors: Wang Siheng , Berrada Meryem , Chao Keng-Hsien , Lai Xiaojing , Zhu Feng , Zhang Dongzhou , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Sinogeikin Stanislav , Chen Bin
Published: December 2023

Externally heated diamond anvil cells provide a stable and uniform thermal environment, making them a versatile device to simultaneously generate high-pressure and high-temperature conditions in various fields of research, such as condensed matter physics, materials science, chemistry, and geosciences. The present study features the Externally Heated Diamond ANvil Cell Experimentation (EH-DANCE) system, a versatile configuration consisting of a diamond anvil cell with a customized microheater for stable resistive heating, bidirectional pressure control facilitated by compression and decompression membranes, and a water-cooled enclosure suitable for vacuum and controlled atmospheres. This integrated system excels with its precise control of both pressure and temperature for mineral and materials science research under extreme conditions. We showcase the capabilities of the system through its successful application in the investigation of the melting temperature and thermal equation of state of high-pressure ice-VII at temperatures up to 1400 K. The system was also used to measure the elastic properties of solid ice-VII and liquid H2O using Brillouin scattering and Raman spectra of carbonates using Raman spectroscopy, highlighting the potential of the EH-DANCE system in high-pressure research.
Essential role of MFSD1-GLMP-GIMAP5 in lymphocyte survival and liver homeostasis
Authors: Zhong Xue , Moresco James J. , Diedrich Jolene K. , Pinto Antonio F. M. , SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Wang Jianhui , Keller Katie , Ludwig Sara , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Saghatelian Alan , Yates John R. , Beutler Bruce , Choi Jin Huk
Published: December 2023

We detected ENU-induced alleles of
Mfsd1
(encoding the major facilitator superfamily domain containing 1 protein) that caused lymphopenia, splenomegaly, progressive liver pathology, and extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). MFSD1 is a lysosomal membrane-bound solute carrier protein with no previously described function in immunity. By proteomic analysis, we identified association between MFSD1 and both GLMP (glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein) and GIMAP5 (GTPase of immunity-associated protein 5). Germline knockout alleles of
Mfsd1
,
Glmp
, and
Gimap5
each caused lymphopenia, liver pathology, EMH, and lipid deposition in the bone marrow and liver. We found that the interactions of MFSD1 and GLMP with GIMAP5 are essential to maintain normal GIMAP5 expression, which in turn is critical to support lymphocyte development and liver homeostasis that suppresses EMH. These findings identify the protein complex MFSD1-GLMP-GIMAP5 operating in hematopoietic and extrahematopoietic tissues to regulate immunity and liver homeostasis.
Resource nationalism and energy transitions in lower-income countries: the case of Tanzania
Authors: Poncian Japhace , Pedersen Rasmus Hundsbaek
Published: December 2023

As the world approaches the 2030 year marker for the implementation of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as defined by the United Nations, the global urgency for sustainable and energy sources grows. Lower-income countries, however, confront a choice between cleaner energy and ensuring cheap and reliable energy. This raises the question of how some countries can find a balance between meeting their global climate change commitments and meeting urgent energy generation needs. This article uses resource nationalism as a lens to examine Tanzania’s energy transition dynamics. It seeks to understand why renewable sources such as wind and solar have been promoted in government policy but have not attracted much developmental support and investment. The authors argue that resource nationalism provides context within which to understand why the state has been quick to promote energy projects (notably geothermal, coal, natural gas and hydroelectric) where it has direct investment interests, as opposed to large wind and solar projects where private – often foreign – investors are dominant.
Computing large deviation prefactors of stochastic dynamical systems based on machine learning
Authors: Li 李 Yang 扬 , Yuan 袁 Shenglan 胜兰 , Lu 陆 Linghongzhi 凌宏志 , Liu 刘 Xianbin 先斌
Published: December 2023

We present a large deviation theory that characterizes the exponential estimate for rare events in stochastic dynamical systems in the limit of weak noise. We aim to consider a next-to-leading-order approximation for more accurate calculation of the mean exit time by computing large deviation prefactors with the aid of machine learning. More specifically, we design a neural network framework to compute quasipotential, most probable paths and prefactors based on the orthogonal decomposition of a vector field. We corroborate the higher effectiveness and accuracy of our algorithm with two toy models. Numerical experiments demonstrate its powerful functionality in exploring the internal mechanism of rare events triggered by weak random fluctuations.
Singular optical propagation properties of two types of one-dimensional anti-
PT
-symmetric periodic ring optical waveguide networks
Authors: Fan 樊 Yanglong 阳龙 , Yang 杨 Xiangbo 湘波 , Lian 练 Huada 华达 , Chen 陈 Runkai 润楷 , Zhu 朱 Pengbo 蓬勃 , Deng 邓 Dongmei 冬梅 , Liu 刘 Hongzhan 宏展 , Wei 韦 Zhongchao 中超
Published: December 2023

Two types of one-dimensional (1D) anti-

P
T

-symmetric periodic ring optical waveguide networks, consisting of gain and loss materials, are constructed. The singular optical propagation properties of these networks are investigated. The results show that the system composed of gain materials exhibits characteristics of ultra-strong transmission and bidirectional reflection. Conversely, the system composed of loss materials demonstrates equal transmittance and reflectance at some frequencies. In both the systems, a new type of total reflection phenomenon is observed. When the imaginary part of the refractive indices of waveguide segments is smaller than 10−5, the system shows bidirectional transparency with the transmittance tending to be 1 and reflectivity to be smaller than 10−8 at some bands. When the refractive indices of the waveguide segments are real, the system will be bidirectional transparent at the full band. These findings may deepen the understanding of anti-

P
T

-symmetric optical systems and optical waveguide networks, and possess potential applications in efficient optical energy storage, ultra-sensitive optical filters, ultra-sensitive all-optical switches, integrated optical chips, stealth physics, and so on.
Development of new formulation for soft material in paste extrusion-based 3D Printer
Authors: Khan S F , Baharudin M M , Tajul L
Published: December 2023

Fused Deposition Modelling is a form of additive manufacturing where solid filament is heated into molten state and deposited onto a heating platform to create three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer. Since heating and cooling processes are involved in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), this restricts the use of thermoplastic polymers such Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV) silicones and gels. Others concern are with the right rheological properties for extrusion and the ability to provide desired mechanical qualities upon quick solidification. To develop a suitable silicone printing technology, it is crucial to understand the silicone polymerization mechanism in terms of its rheological and mechanical characteristics. Due to the numerous factors that can influence silicone paste mixtures, this study utilized the Taguchi method to design experiments, optimize factors, and predict properties, thereby avoiding extensive and resource-intensive experimental work. The study specifically considered the factors of curing method, mass ratio of silicone thinner, and fumed-silica in the silicone paste formulation. Among the 9 samples generated through the Taguchi method, only one sample demonstrated favourable results in terms of mechanical properties and the curing process, with a mixture ratio of base silicone, silicone thinner, and fumed-silica at 15g, <1g, 0.1g; respectively. However, further investigation into the fixed amount of silicone and fumed silica in the selected mixture ratio indicate that the amount of silicone thinner must be less than 1g or can be omitted as the silicone paste can be used as printing ink for the extruder. The shore hardness testing for the silicone samples revealed with zero percent silicone thinner exhibited a hardness value of 21.5 HA (Shore A) while the sample obtained less than 1g displayed a significantly lower hardness value of 10.5 HA. These findings indicate that the addition of silicone thinner in the silicone paste formulation, as optimized through the Taguchi method, contributed to a reduction in the hardness of the material for shore A scale. This suggests that the presence of silicone thinner affects the elasticity and flexibility of the silicone paste, resulting in a lower Shore hardness value. The discrepancy in hardness values between the samples further highlights the significance of formulation optimization to achieve desired material properties for silicone paste-based applications in 3D printing.
Lightweight design of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthotic Devices using Voronoi patterns for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Khan S F , Zaidan M A , Tajul L
Published: December 2023

Traditionally fabricated knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) device that is used to aid in the mobility user is uncomfortable. Problems such as weight and enclosure in almost all the part of the leg make it strenuous and humid for the user to wear for a long time. Furthermore, in the traditional production method, it can take up to a week to fabricate. The aim of this study is to redesign the knee-ankle-foot-orthosis by using the application of topology optimization in order to reduce the material used on the product and to make it lightweight. The parameters of the KAFO were determined by using indirect method; similar to traditional method. The modelling and analysis of the KAFO is completed by using CAD and CAE software. Optimization of the product is performed by redesigning the shape and applying topology optimization function. It is able to reduce the maximum stress of the product by 22.56% and the volume by 4.33%. Application of the Voronoi pattern further reduces the mass of the KAFO and produces more organic looks to the product. SLS Lisa Pro 3D printer is used to produce the KAFO in a period of less than a week. This prove to be a viable alternative for producing customized KAFO.
Influence of dissimilar plate thickness on temperature during friction stir welding between AA5083 and AA6061 aluminium alloy grades
Authors: Syafiq W. M. , Afendi M. , Nabila N. A.
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the influence of dissimilar plate thickness on the temperature profile of AA5083 and AA6061 aluminium alloy. Plates of dissimilar aluminium alloy grades are welded in a butt joint configuration by using a milling machine and a custom FSW tool made of H13 tool. Datalogger and type K thermocouples embedded in the workpieces at different distances from the weld line are used to collect the temperature data during the experiment. One thermocouple is placed at each side of the advancing side and retreating side at equally distance from the center line except for Joint 1, 2 and 3. The results show the range of temperature measurement during the experiment is between 300°C and 600°C. FSW process between similar plate thickness produces the highest value of peak temperature and better surface appearance than dissimilar plate thickness. The thermocouples located near the weld line contributed the higher temperature since the heat source comes from the rotating tool. Besides, higher temperatures were recorded at 5 mm thickness of AA6061 aluminium alloy plate located on the advancing side than the retreating side.
Investigation of Dynamic Viscosity and Calorific Value of Algae Biodiesel Blend with n-Butanol Additive
Authors: Noordin Noor Hafiz , Sharudin Hazim , Yusof Ab Aziz Mohd , Kasim Haszeme Abu , Nizam Nor Ezzety Mohammad
Published: December 2023

The transport sector primarily utilizes diesel fuel, which is a prominent energy source for various industries and applications. However, due to population growth, the increasing demand for diesel fuel leads to its depletion. This topic attracts many researchers looking for a solution through fuel alternatives, including the fuel properties of algae oil and its compatibility with diesel engines when combined with diesel fuel. To further understand the related topic, the study aims to explore the fuel properties, focusing on the viscosity and calorific value of Biodiesel Algae oil (BD) with n-butanol (nB). The Alge oil was prepared on the lab scale before blending to produce 4 different mixtures of Biodiesel. The results indicate that the blend 93BD7nB, which contained 93% of Algae biodiesel and 7% of n-butanol, obtained 0.168 Pa/s, which is in the required range in the standard limit ASTM D6751 whereas the calorific values for all samples above the standard limit EN 14214 indicate a good efficiency. In conclusion, this fuel blend exhibits promising potential for future utilization in diesel engine operations and provides an alternative solution for energy depletion.
Application of block copolymers in organic solar cells
Authors: Tu Minhao
Published: December 2023

After many years of development, block copolymers became one of the most important materials for organic solar cells. They were used in photovoltaic cells because of their self-assembly properties and controlled ordered nanoscale, which is ideal for electron-hole pair separation. However, block copolymers still faced several major challenges as organic solar materials, and this paper focused on their limitations and corresponding solutions in terms of material design, morphology control, and interface modification, as well as on the fundamental molecular engineering principles involved. In the paper’s conclusion, an perspective on the use of modern, advanced block copolymers in organic solar cells was provided.
Analysis of cooling technology of power battery of new energy vehicles
Authors: Zhang Zijing
Published: December 2023

To effectively deal with the energy crisis, air pollution and other problems, various countries and regions have increasingly strict emission standards for automobile exhaust. New energy vehicles have been produced and vigorously developed. The power battery is a vital part of new energy vehicles, and the battery’s operating temperature needs to be precisely controlled to achieve the smooth functioning of new energy vehicles. This paper will analyze the current application status, principles and application scenarios of different cooling technologies for power batteries of new energy vehicles by examining the characteristics of various cooling technologies, contrasting their cooling capacities, summarizing their corresponding ways of improvement, and identifying the development trend. Despite the extensive use of air cooling systems in the past decades, it has been gradually replaced by liquid cooling in recent years, and It has been discovered that heat pipe cooling works greatest when the starting temperature is constant. However, the heat pipe cooling method is still in development and has not been applied to real vehicles. Therefore, heat pipe cooling may become the most potentially efficient cooling method in the future.
Silicon based integrated photonic chip technology for datacenter optical interconnection
Authors: Ye Peixin
Published: December 2023

With the rise of the modern Internet of Things, big data and other industries, the human society’s demand for information increases rapidly, and the demand for broadband network capacity shows a dramatic growth trend. As its core support, optical communication system and data center are facing major challenges. With the characteristics of small volume, light weight and low power consumption, optoelectronic integrated devices are the key devices to break through the bottleneck of optical communication system and data center optical interconnection. In this paper, silicon-based integrated optical switching technology and multiplexing technology applied for datacenter optical interconnection are studied. The implementation methods and technical bottlenecks of silicon-based integrated optical switching chips and mode multiplexing/demultipelxing chips are discussed. Moreover, the future of silicon-based integrated photonic technology is prospected.
Study on the interaction of vehicle-to-grid and its impact on power quality of electric grid
Authors: Cao Yuting
Published: December 2023

With the continuous increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in the market, both EVs and charging stations are rapidly developing. This paper provides an overview of the negative impacts of EV charging on the distribution grid at the current stage. It summarizes specific solutions proposed by scholars both domestically and internationally to address the effects on voltage, harmonics, and power quality. These solutions mainly involve the addition of filters to the distribution grid, the use of 12-pulse rectifiers, and series resonance. Furthermore, the paper analyzes how Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology can balance the grid and regulate power quality issues caused by EV charging, ensuring stable system operation. V2G technology also enables EVs to function as mobile energy storage devices and allows for rational energy distribution using bidirectional charging stations. The integration of charging stations with the grid, forming a connected vehicle network, is considered the future direction of EV development.
Literature review of research progress on car following model
Authors: Fei Gao
Published: December 2023

In the past several decades, the car-following model has attracted many experts and scholars from the fields of traffic engineering, computational physics, psychology and so on, these experts and scholars have carried on the thorough research and the exploration to it, causes the model analysis essential factor from simple to rich, from simple to complex. With the continuous improvement of the model, the improved car-following model is more and more in line with the actual traffic conditions. With the development of traffic technology, driver’s car-following behavior will change greatly, which is realized by developing and establishing ITS, driver information guidance system and vehicle automatic intelligent cruise system. Therefore, a lot of car-following models for specific problems have emerged, which is of great practical significance to the further study of car-following theory. In this paper, the research background and significance of car-following model are deeply discussed, the current research status and conclusions are comprehensively analyzed, and the future research direction in this field is prospected.
Analysis of the application of intelligent CNC technology in machinery manufacturing
Authors: Du Shicheng
Published: December 2023

The application of intelligent computer numerical control(CNC) technology enjoys a key strategic position in various countries, and countries that attach importance to the development of CNC machine tools and their fields of innovation branches generally have a solid foundation of intelligent manufacturing and strong production capacity. Combined with big data and artificial intelligence, CNC technology has become an important cornerstone of smart manufacturing. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, the machinery manufacturing industry should not only improve product accuracy and enrich product types, but also shorten the production cycle as much as possible and avoid the impact of human errors on product quality. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes in detail the actual development of machinery manufacturing based on intelligent robot numerical control technology in order to provide some help for the long-term development of the industry. This paper is dedicated to the visualization of relevant data and finally provides a reliable basis for the corresponding decision-making based on the current actual development of intelligent CNC technology. After this paper analyzes the current situation of the industry, we find that intelligent numerical control technology has a vital role in the intelligent transformation of China’s industry, high-tech innovation, and rationalization of AI applications, and we hope that this paper can provide a reference for China’s industrial production industry.
Simulation and analysis of stability of UAV control system based on PID control under different wind forces
Authors: Hong Kaibin
Published: December 2023

The four-rotor UAV has attracted the attention of various fields and has been applied in more areas due to its advantages of low cost, high reliability and simple structure. Nowadays, more complex environment and interference factors put forward higher requirements for the accuracy and stability of the flight control system of UAV. At present, the most widely used four-rotor UAV flight control system is PID control system. This paper constructs a UAV control system based on PID algorithm to analyse and study the dynamic stability control effect of UAV under different wind impact scenarios. MATLAB is used to simulate and analyze the system, and the future development is expected according to the simulation results.
Review on filtering antenna technology for 5G mobile system
Authors: Cao Xinran
Published: December 2023

In recent years, people’s increased demand for wireless communication technology fuels the development of 5G communication technology growth. Electronic equipment in the current wireless communication system is developing in the direction of low power consumption, multi-function, miniaturization, and integration, which also puts higher technical standards for RF front-end. In recent years, the wireless communication industry is building lighter, thinner, and smaller products with multifunction. The integration of filter and antenna is one of the important ways for the miniaturization of electronic systems. The antenna and filter are integrated to form a filtering antenna, which can effectively reduce the size and weight of the RF front end while realizing the function of radiation and filtering. This paper first introduces the research background and significance of this topic according to the background of mobile communication technology, and the main challenges faced by 5G communication. Then, the working principle of filtering antenna and multiple-input multiple-output technology (MIMO) are introduced, and finally the development and research status of 5G filtering antenna are summarized, and some relevant personal views are put forward.
Comparison and summary of Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 applied in vehicle detection
Authors: Luo Sirui
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, computer vision and machine learning are widely applied in vehicle detection. The technique of object detection is also of necessity in this realm. However, due to the large variety of models in object detection, it is important to find the most specifically suitable model for detecting vehicles in many situations. In this paper, we focus on comparing and summarizing Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 applied in vehicle detection. We would introduce the models in relative detail and design an experiment to verify the models’ performances. The methodology for the experiment is to train the three models using the same dataset of vehicles, compare the different attributes of these results and find the most suitable application scenario for vehicle detection for each model.
The promise of training deep neural networks on CPUs: A survey
Authors: He Wei
Published: December 2023

This survey presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential benefits and challenges of training deep neural networks (DNNs) on CPUs, summarizing existing research in the field. Five distinct DNN models are examined: Ternary Neural Networks (TNNs), Binary Neural Networks (BNNs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and a novel method called Sub-Linear Deep Learning Engine (SLIDE), specifically designed for CPU-based network training. The survey emphasizes the advantages of using CPUs for DNN training, such as low cost, compact size, and broad applicability across various domains. Furthermore, the survey collects concerns related to CPU acceleration, including the absence of a unified programming model and the inefficiencies in DNN training due to increased floating-point operations. The survey explores algorithmic and hardware optimization strategies, incorporating compressed network structures, innovative techniques like SLIDE, and the RISC-V instruction set to tackle these issues. According to the survey, CPUs are more likely to become the alternative for developers with limited resources in the future. Through continued algorithm optimization and hardware enhancements, CPUs can provide more cost-efficient neural network training solutions, excelling in areas such as mobile servers and edge computing.
FPGA: The super chip in the age of artificial intelligence
Authors: Xu Heyang
Published: December 2023

In modern society, artificial intelligence (AI) is developing more rapidly. And the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has always been the focus of research as a driving platform. This paper studies in detail the theoretical basis, applications, defects, and future development directions of FPGAs. It is concluded that FPGA has three characteristics: gate array, programmable, and scene, and the detailed positioning of FPGA, the structure, principle, tools, process, and description language of FPGA design. And the unique advantages of FPGA in the field of artificial intelligence: flexible and configurable, special optimizations for convolutional neural networks, and deterministic low latency. Several typical applications of FPGA in the field of artificial intelligence, deficiencies and solutions, and two future development directions. This article will make a great contribution to the development of FPGA in the field of artificial intelligence in the future.
A comprehensive review of performance analysis of RF-FSO hybrid communication systems
Authors: Han Boyu
Published: December 2023

The combination of radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) communication has grown in importance as a study area for wireless communication systems in recent years. This technology has the ability to address the rising need for high-speed, high-capacity wireless communication in a variety of applications by successfully integrating the benefits of both RF and FSO communication. The performance analysis of various communication systems based on RF-FSO hybrid technology is covered in detail in this research. An overview of the RF-FSO hybrid technology and its many architectures follows the introduction of the key features and benefits of RF and FSO communication. The performance analysis of several RF-FSO hybrid communication systems, including relay-assisted RF-FSO systems, cooperative diversity RF-FSO systems, and dual-hop RF-FSO systems, are discussed in detail. The performance metrics, such as bit error rate (BER), outage probability, and channel capacity, is analyzed and compared for these systems. Based on the analysis of existing literature, several key conclusions are drawn. First, RF-FSO hybrid technology can provide higher data rates and greater reliability than traditional communication systems. Secondly, the performance of the RF-FSO hybrid system, which combines the advantages of RF technology and FSO technology, has bright development prospects. Finally, the RF-FSO hybrid system can also be combined with other systems for better performance and wider application scenarios.
Gain maximization of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers based on genetic algorithm with 1900 nm signal
Authors: Luo Xiang
Published: December 2023

With the development of fiber communication technology, the existing operating wavelength band of fiber amplifiers, such as 1530-1560 nm and 1480-1510 nm, may not be satisfied with the growing requirement in many fields. Therefore, this research emphasizes expanding the available band (1800-2000 nm) and maximizing the gain of the thulium doped fiber amplifier at the central wavelength (1900 nm). The study is based on the two-level energy system of thulium ion, which can cover the objective wavelength. According to the related rate equations solved by the symbol function method and power propagation equations solved by the Fourth order Runge-Kutta method, use MATLAB to simulate a fiber amplifier and study the coeffect amplification effect of thulium doped fiber amplifier to 1900 nm signal light. Use the Genetic algorithm to find the best parameters match (fiber length 1m and doping concentration 3.5) when the gain reaches the maximum (27.5 dB). Through optimizing the collocation of parameters, the gain can be maximized.
Measurement of granite resistivity under deep underground conditions based on van der Pauw method
Authors: Kerui He , Yang Jiang , Renjie Zhang , Jie Tang
Published: December 2023

With the growing demand for sustainable energy and infrastructure development in the country, the utilization of deep geothermal resources and the development of deep underground space engineering are becoming more and more important. Under the background that the country vigorously promotes the development of deep rock and soil underground space and the utilization of resources. The experiment will be performed on granite, one of the deep subsurface rocks, a rock type widely used in geotechnical research projects because of its high strength, low permeability and thermal stability. However, its properties under the extreme temperature and chemical conditions deep in the earth are unknown, and how to efficiently convert deep rocks into geothermal resources for utilization is still unknown. Therefore, studying the influence of temperature and chemical corrosion on the resistivity of granite is very important to ensure the safety and durability of underground structures and effectively utilize thermal energy resources in deep underground. This experiment will control the influence of temperature, pressure, chemical corrosion and the comprehensive effect of the three on the resistivity of granite, and indirectly measure the amount of heat absorbed in the granite rock mass. Simulate the deep underground granite under high confining pressure, high ground temperature and corrosion conditions the nature of the performance. Record, count and analyze the data, comprehensively judge the environmental interference of the granite rock formation under actual conditions and compare the destructive effects of temperature and chemical corrosion and the change of the resistivity of the rock mass. Help scientifically judge and accurately analyze the underground construction problems that may be encountered in future projects and the effective utilization of geothermal energy and provide a basis for the application of key technologies and methods.
A mechanical arm based on image recognition and remote control
Authors: Li Kangmin
Published: December 2023

Mechanical arm, image recognition and wireless transmission have been a hot topic and technology in recent years. This paper mainly introduces the object recognition mechanical arm based on the mechanical arm and wireless transmission technology. The system is modular, and the whole equipment system is divided into remote control system and mechanical arm system according to function. The remote control system is an upper computer software which integrates image recognition, related data processing module and wireless transmission module. The remote end includes wireless transmission module, steering gear control module and image acquisition module. The image is collected and sent to the remote control system, and the motion trajectory of the mechanical arm is obtained after calculation, and the control signal of the stepping motor on the mechanical arm is further calculated, and finally sent to the mechanical arm system to achieve the purpose of remote control. At the same time, during the movement of the mechanical arm, the relevant data is collected by the sensor on the mechanical arm and sent back to the remote control terminal for display and judgment. In this project, the mechanical arm system can automatically recognize the target on a two-dimensional plane and move the mechanical arm according to the object position. Meanwhile, the upper computer can display relevant data information.
The performance optimization of 4-bit absolute-value detector
Authors: Jiang Ziyang
Published: December 2023

Absolute-Value Detection is a popular algorithm used for sorting spiking signals, and the 4-bit Absolute-Value Detector is a fundamental circuit in the spike-sorting field. This paper presents three distinct approaches for designing an absolute-value detector, along with optimization techniques used in these circuits. The paper begins by discussing the circuit’s structure, followed by using logical effort theory to calculate critical path delays. Next, the paper compares the critical path delays and transistor numbers of the three designs. Finally, the paper identifies the optimal design among the three circuits, which provides the best delay performance at a low cost. Applying optimization techniques to the optimal absolute-value detector resulted in a significant improvement in its performance. These findings have important implications for the future development of related industries, as they can help further refine and enhance the performance of spike-sorting algorithms. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of absolute-value detectors, which will be of great interest to researchers and practitioners in the field.