bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic characteristics of serological tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 cases
Authors: Petrova O. V. , Tverdokhlebova D. K. , Murygina O. I. , Smeltsova E. V. , Nikulina D. M.
Published: April 2021

To study the diagnostic characteristics of test systems for detecting antibodies to SARS-Cov-2. We studied the diagnostic characteristics of two test systems for detecting antibodies to SARS-Cov-2, registered in the Russian Federation. The first test system is a kit for detecting total antibodies to SARS-Cov-2 using immunochemiluminescence analysis on the «Cobas e 411» analyzer («Roche Diagnostics», Germany). The second test system is a kit for detecting IgM and IgG to SARS-Cov-2 («Core Technology Co., Ltd», China) by immunochromatographic analysis. The biological material for the study was blood serum. We assessed: diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, and predictive value of positive and negative results. In the test system for detecting total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, using an IHLA, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100%; the predictive value of positive and negative results was 100%. In the test system for the detection of IgM and IgG to Sars-CoV-2, using IHA, diagnostic sensitivity for IgM and IgG were 100%; diagnostic specificity for IgM - 60%, for IgG - 72%; predictive value of a positive result for IgM - 60%, IgG - 68,18%; predictive value of negative results for IgM and IgG - 100%. The best diagnostic characteristics were found in the test system for the detection of total antibodies to SARS-Cov-2, which must be taken into account when deciding whether to purchase test systems for the detection of antibodies to SARS-Cov-2.
Epidemiological characteristics of uropatogenic isolates of Escherichia coli in hospitals
Authors: Kuznetsova M. V. , Gizatullina J. S.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic affinity of uropathogenic E. coli cultures (UPEC) and to identify the major types of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) found among nosocomial isolates. A molecular typing of UPEC (n=93) isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) who were hospitalised in nine medical facilities (MO) in Perm was performed. It was found that 69.89% of the cultures had individual RAPD/ERIC profiles, the remaining 30.10% were distributed among 13 genome groups. Most frequently blaCTX-M-1 was detected individually or in combination with other beta-lactamase genes (n=23, 79.31% of ESBL phenotype-positive isolates), genes were detected in seventeen cases (58.62%) blaTEM and/or blaOXA, the blaCMY fragment was found in only three isolates (10.34%), blaSHV was missing in this isolates. It was shown that in two thirds of the cases the pathogens of the infection process are representatives of the endogenous intestinal microbiota of the patients, in other cases an exogenous infection occurs. The proportion of “circulating” (possibly hospital) isolates in the spectrum of UTI increased in the series: therapy departments - surgery departments - intensive care units. In addition, in multidisciplinary hospitals there are conditions for cross-infections of patients, but the epidemiological chains of episodes of UTI are short and concise. It has been shown that the probability of infection with E. coli producing CTX-M or OXA enzymes is significantly higher in the intensive care unit than in surgery or therapy departments. The data obtained complement the understanding of the epidemiology of UTI caused by E. coli and can be used as an aid in the planning and implementation of methods for the prevention and control of nosocomial UTI.
MENUJU SUATU ESTETIKA YANG KRISTIANI
Authors: Lima Jadi S.
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini adalah suatu eksplorasi atas visi-visi tentang estetika sebagaimana didapati di dalam teori dan praktik sejak Plato sampai zaman Modern. Tujuan khusus yang ingin dicapai adalah menggali akar-akar dari identitas Kekristenan dan Ibrani sebagaimana kita dapat temui di dalam teks Alkitab dan praktik pada kedua tradisi. Perbandingan akan dilakukan antara visi Yunani tentang keindahan demi keindahan itu sendiri yang dianggap sakral, yang barangkali merupakan asal-muasal dari gerakan 'seni demi seni itu sendiri' ("l'art pour l'art") yang muncul di era Modern, dengan alternatif pada visi Ibrani tentang keindahan, yaitu keindahan sebagai respon terhadap kekudusan Allah dan kesenian sebagai sesuatu yang merujuk pada hal yang melampaui dirinya sendiri.
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NE KATILIM SÜRECİNİN TÜRKİYE SİYASETİNE YANSIMASI: ALTERNATİF ÖRGÜTLER
Authors: SAYGIN Didem , ERDEM Asime Dilara
Published: April 2021

Türkiye, 31 Temmuz 1959 yılında Avrupa Birliği’ne (AB) üyelik sürecini başlatmıştır. Günümüze kadar Türkiye-AB ilişkileri inişli-çıkışlı bir diyalog içerisinde olmuştur. Yaklaşık 60 senedir süregelen ilişkilerin tam üyelik ile sonuçlanamaması Türkiye için farklı alternatifleri gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye-AB ilişkisindeki süreçler, Türkiye’nin siyasi olarak AB karşısındaki duruşu ve AB’ye yönelik oluşturabileceği alternatifler özellikle güncel gelişmeler dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca uluslararası arenadaki alternatif örgütlerin varlığı ve Türkiye ile olan ilişkilerine değinilmiş ve Türkiye’nin hem AB ile olan ilişkisi hem de diğer örgütlerle olan ilişkisi değerlendirilirken siyasi açıdan farklı bir uluslararası örgüte katılımın AB’ye alternatif olup olamayacağı irdelenmiştir.
FATORES DETERMINANTES NA EVASÃO ESCOLAR, NAS SÉRIES FINAIS (6.º ANO A e E) DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL JARBAS GONÇALVES PASSARINHO DE ITUPIRANGA - PA
Authors: Santos Antonio Batista dos
Published: April 2021

É compreensível que muitos dos problemas surgidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, são por falta de uma série de fatores, como o compromisso da própria escola, da família e as condições educativas ofertadas pelo poder público. Pois seriam eles que deveriam exercer seus papeis na sociedade que estão inseridos. Mas, além dos fatores já mencionados, existe uma série de fatores que contribuem incisivamente para o agravamento desses problemas. Aqui pode-se enumerar os mais peculiares: as condições sociais dos pais ou responsáveis por estes alunos, o uso excessivo do álcool na adolescência, a gravidez na adolescência, o trabalho infantil, os fatores climáticos, as dificuldades de acesso às escolas, a falta de atração por parte da escola, a falta de interesse, etc. Como se ver, o estudo aqui exposto tem com finalidade, realizar uma análise minuciosa e, explicar os possíveis motivos que levam bastante os nossos alunos do 6.º ano A e C, nos turnos matutino e vespertino respectivamente, a evadirem da escola e não concluírem na maioria das vezes, nem o ensino fundamental.  O trabalho recorreu a entrevistas através de questionários, incluindo 4 (quatro) alunos e as suas respectivas mães e uma professora de português.
An organic crystalline state in ageing atmospheric aerosol proxies: spatially resolved structural changes in levitated fatty acid particles
Authors: Milsom Adam , Squires Adam M. , Boswell Jacob A. , Terrill Nicholas J. , Ward Andrew D. , Pfrang Christian
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Organic aerosols are key components of the Earth’s atmospheric system. The phase state of organic aerosols is known to be a significant factor in determining aerosol reactivity, water uptake and atmospheric lifetime – with wide implications for cloud formation, climate, air quality and human health. Unsaturated fatty acids contribute to urban cooking emissions and sea spray aerosols. These compounds, exemplified by oleic acid and its sodium salt, are surface active and have been shown to self-assemble into a variety of liquid-crystalline phases upon addition of water. Here we observe a crystalline acid–soap complex in acoustically levitated oleic acid–sodium oleate particles. We developed a synchrotron-based simultaneous Small-Angle & Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS/WAXS)/Raman microscopy system to probe physical and chemical changes in the proxy during exposure to humidity and the atmospheric oxidant ozone. We present a spatially resolved structural picture of a levitated particle during humidification, revealing a phase gradient consisting of a disordered liquid crystalline shell and crystalline core. Ozonolysis is significantly slower in the crystalline phase compared with the liquid phase and a significant portion (34 ± 8 %) of unreacted material remains after extensive oxidation. We present experimental evidence of inert surface layer formation during ozonolysis, taking advantage of spatially resolved simultaneous SAXS/WAXS experiments. These observations suggest atmospheric lifetimes of surface-active organic species in aerosols are highly phase dependent, potentially impacting on climate, urban air quality and long-range transport of pollutants such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).
A Dual-Droplet Approach for Measuring the Hygroscopicity of Aqueous Aerosol
Authors: Choczynski Jack M. , Kaur Kohli Ravleen , Sheldon Craig S. , Price Chelsea L. , Davies James F.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Accurate characterization of the water activity and hygroscopicity of aqueous aerosol material allows us to predict the chemical and physical state of aerosol particles exposed to humid conditions in the environment. The hygroscopicity of aerosol determines the size, phase morphology, viscosity, chemical reactivity, and optical properties of constituent particles, and directly impacts their ability to form clouds in the atmosphere. In this work, we describe measurements of hygroscopicity using a linear quadrupole electrodynamic balance (LQ-EDB). We levitate two droplets, one droplet that acts as a relative humidity (RH) probe and one sample droplet, and expose them to controlled environmental conditions. We describe the development of a RH measurement using probe droplets of aqueous NaCl or LiCl, allowing for precise in-situ measurements of RH in the LQ-EDB chamber. We demonstrate that the RH may be determined with an accuracy of 0.5 % at 50 % RH and better than 0.1 % at 90 % RH using NaCl, and show that LiCl is effective at characterizing the RH from ~10 % RH up to ~90 %. We simultaneously measure the response of sample droplets containing aqueous material (including ammonium sulfate, citric acid, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, and tetraethylene glycol) and report hygroscopic growth via their radial growth factors. We use established thermodynamic models to validate the accuracy of the RH probe and to compare with the measured hygroscopicity of the samples. This approach shows significant advantages over other methods for accurately characterizing the hygroscopicity of samples with a range of characteristics, such as high viscosity and vapor pressure.
Identification of the natural background of phosphorus in the Scheldt river using tidal marsh sediment cores
Authors: Lauryssen Florian , Crombé Philippe , Maris Tom , Van Maldegem Elliot , Van de Broek Marijn , Temmerman Stijn , Smolders Erik
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Elevated phosphate (PO4) concentrations can harm the ecological status in water by eutrophication. In the majority of surface waters in lowland regions such as Flanders (Belgium), the local PO4 levels exceed the limits defined by environmental policy and fail to decrease, despite decreasing total phosphorus (P) emissions. In order to underpin the definition of currents limits, this study was set up to identify the pre-industrial background PO4 concentration in surface water of the Scheldt river, a tidal river in Flanders. We used the sedimentary records preserved in tidal marsh sediment cores as an archive for reconstructing historical changes in surface water PO4. For sediment samples at different depths below the sediment surface, we dated the time of sediment deposition and analysed the extractable sediment-P. The resulting time series of sediment-P was linked to time series of measured surface water PO4 concentrations (data 1967–present). By combining the sediment-P and water-PO4 data, the sorption characteristics of the sediment could be described. Those sorption characteristics allowed us to estimate a pre-industrial background surface water PO4 levels, based on deeper sediment-P that stabilised at concentrations smaller than the modern. In three out of the four cores, the sediment-P peaked around 1980, coinciding with the peak in surface water PO4. The estimated pre-industrial (~1800) background PO4-concentration in the Scheldt river water was 62 [57; 66 (95 %CI)] µg PO4-P/L. That concentration exceeds the previously estimated natural background values for lakes in Flanders (15–35 µg TP/L) and is about half of the prevailing limit in the Scheldt river (120 µg PO4-P/L). In the 1930s, river water concentrations were estimated at 140 [128; 148] µg PO4-P/L, already exceeding the current limit. The method developed here proved useful for reconstructing historical, background PO4 concentrations of a lowland tidal river. A similar approach can apply to other lowland tidal rivers to provide a scientific basis for local, catchment specific PO4 backgrounds.
30 m annual land cover and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Yang Jie , Huang Xin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Land cover (LC) determines the energy exchange, water and carbon cycle between Earth's spheres. Accurate LC information is a fundamental parameter for the environment and climate studies. Considering that the LC in China has been altered dramatically with the economic development in the past few decades, sequential and fine-scale LC monitoring is in urgent need. However, currently, fine-resolution annual LC dataset produced by the observational images is generally unavailable for China due to the lack of sufficient training samples and computational capabilities. To deal with this issue, we produced the first Landsat-derived annual China Land Cover Dataset (CLCD) on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, which contains 30 m annual LC and its dynamics of China from 1990 to 2019. We first collected the training samples by combining stable samples extracted from China’s Land-Use/Cover Datasets (CLUD), and visually-interpreted samples from satellite time-series data, Google Earth and Google Map. Using 335,709 Landsat images on the GEE, several temporal metrics were constructed and fed to the random forest classifier to obtain classification results. We then proposed a post-processing method incorporating spatial-temporal filtering and logical reasoning to further improve the spatial-temporal consistency of CLCD. Finally, the overall accuracy of CLCD reached 79.31 % based on 5,463 visually-interpreted samples. A further assessment based on 5,131 third-party test samples showed that the overall accuracy of CLCD outperforms that of MCD12Q1, ESACCI_LC, FROM_GLC, and GlobaLand30. Besides, we intercompared the CLCD with several Landsat-derived thematic products, which exhibited good consistencies with the Global Forest Change, the Global Surface Water, and three impervious surface products. Based on the CLCD, the trends and patterns of China’s LC changes during 1985 and 2019 were revealed, such as expansion of impervious surface (+148.71 %) and water (+18.39 %), decrease of cropland (−4.85 %) and grassland (−3.29 %), increase of forest (+4.34 %). In general, CLCD reflected the rapid urbanization and a series of ecological projects (e.g., Gain for Green) in China and revealed the anthropogenic implications on LC under the condition of climate change, signifying its potential application in the global change research. The CLCD dataset introduced in this article is freely available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417810 (Yang and Huang, 2021).
The importance of ecosystem adaptation on hydrological model predictions in response to climate change
Authors: Bouaziz Laurène J. E. , Aalbers Emma E. , Weerts Albrecht H. , Hegnauer Mark , Buiteveld Hendrik , Lammersen Rita , Stam Jasper , Sprokkereef Eric , Savenije Hubert H. G. , Hrachowitz Markus
Published: April 2021

Abstract. To predict future hydrological behavior in a changing world, often use is made of models calibrated on past observations, disregarding that hydrological systems, hence model parameters, will change as well. Yet, ecosystems likely adjust their root-zone storage capacity, which is the key parameter of any hydrological system, in response to climate change. In addition, other species might become dominant, both under natural and anthropogenic influence. In this study, we propose a top-down approach, which directly uses projected climate data to estimate how vegetation adapts its root-zone storage capacity at the catchment scale in response to changes in magnitude and seasonality of hydro-climatic variables. Additionally, the Budyko characteristics of different dominant ecosystems in sub-catchments are used to simulate the hydrological behavior of potential future land-use change, in a space-for-time exchange. We hypothesize that changes in the predicted hydrological response as a result of 2 K global warming are more pronounced when explicitly considering changes in the sub-surface system properties induced by vegetation adaptation to changing environmental conditions. We test our hypothesis in the Meuse basin in four scenarios designed to predict the hydrological response to 2 K global warming in comparison to current-day conditions using a process-based hydrological model with (a) a stationary system, i.e. no changes in the root-zone storage capacity of vegetation and historical land use, (b) an adapted root-zone storage capacity in response to a changing climate but with historical land use, and (c, d) an adapted root-zone storage capacity considering two hypothetical changes in land use from coniferous plantations/agriculture towards broadleaved forest and vice-versa. We found that the larger root-zone storage capacities (+34 %) in response to a more pronounced seasonality with drier summers under 2 K global warming strongly alter seasonal patterns of the hydrological response, with an overall increase in mean annual evaporation (+4 %), a decrease in recharge (−6 %) and a decrease in streamflow (−7 %), compared to predictions with a stationary system. By integrating a time-dynamic representation of changing vegetation properties in hydrological models, we make a potential step towards more reliable hydrological predictions under change.
Learning about precipitation lapse rates from snow course data improves water balance modeling
Authors: Avanzi Francesco , Ercolani Giulia , Gabellani Simone , Cremonese Edoardo , Pogliotti Paolo , Filippa Gianluca , Morra di Cella Umberto , Ratto Sara , Stevenin Hervè , Cauduro Marco , Juglair Stefano
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Precipitation orographic enhancement is the result of both synoptic circulation and topography. Since high-elevation headwaters are often sparsely instrumented, the magnitude and distribution of this enhancement, as well as how they affect precipitation lapse rates, remain poorly understood. Filling this knowledge gap would allow a significant step ahead for hydrologic forecasting procedures and water management in general.
Here, we hypothesized that spatially distributed, manual measurements of snow depth (courses) could provide new insights into this process.
We leveraged over 11 000 snow course data upstream of two reservoirs in the western European Alps (Aosta Valley, Italy) to estimate precipitation orographic enhancement in the form of lapse rates and, consequently, improve predictions of a snow hydrologic modeling chain (Flood-PROOFS).
We found that snow water equivalent (SWE) above 3000 m a.s.l. (above sea level) was between 2 and 8.5 times higher than recorded cumulative seasonal precipitation below 1000 m a.s.l., with gradients up to 1000 mm w.e. km−1. Enhancement factors, estimated by blending precipitation gauge and snow course data, were consistent between the two hydropower headwaters (median values above 3000 m a.s.l. between 4.1 and 4.8). Including blended gauge course lapse rates in an iterative precipitation spatialization procedure allowed Flood-PROOFS to remedy underestimations both of SWE above 3000 m a.s.l. (up to 50 %) and – importantly – of precipitation vs. observed streamflow. Annual runoff coefficients based on blended lapse rates were also more consistent from year to year than those based on precipitation gauges alone (standard deviation of 0.06 and 0.19, respectively). Thus, snow courses bear a characteristic signature of orographic precipitation, which opens a window of opportunity for leveraging these data sets to improve our understanding of the mountain water budget. This is all the more important due to the essential role of high-elevation headwaters in supporting water security and ecosystem services worldwide.
An efficient two-layer landslide-tsunami numerical model: effects of momentum transfer validated with physical experiments of waves generated by granular landslides
Authors: Franz Martin , Jaboyedoff Michel , Mulligan Ryan P. , Podladchikov Yury , Take W. Andy
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The generation of a tsunami by a landslide is a complex
phenomenon that involves landslide dynamics, wave dynamics and their
interaction. Numerous lives and infrastructures around the world are
threatened by this phenomenon. Predictive numerical models are a suitable
tool to assess this natural hazard. However, the complexity of this
phenomenon causes such models to be either computationally inefficient or
unable to handle the overall process. Our model, which is based on shallow-water equations, has been developed to address these two problems. In our
model, the two materials are treated as two different layers, and their
interaction is resolved by momentum transfer inspired by elastic collision
principles. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the validity of our
model through benchmark tests based on physical experiments performed by
Miller et al. (2017). A dry case is reproduced to validate the behaviour of
the landslide propagation model using different rheological laws and to
determine which law performs best. In addition, a wet case is reproduced to
investigate the influence of different still-water levels on both the
landslide deposit and the generated waves. The numerical results are in good
agreement with the physical experiments, thereby confirming the validity of
our model, particularly concerning the novel momentum transfer approach.
On the Generation and Evolution of Internal Solitary Waves in the Andaman Sea
Authors: Yu Yujun , Wang Jinhu , Wang Shuya , Li Qun , Chen Xu , Meng Jing , Lu Kexiao , Wang Guixia
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are ubiquitous in the Andaman Sea, as revealed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, but their generation mechanisms and corresponding influencing factors remain unknown. Based on a nonhydrostatic two-dimensional model, the generation of ISW packets along a transect of a channel lying between Batti Malv Island and Car Nicobar Island is investigated. Additionally, the influences of topographic characteristics, seasonal stratification variables and tidal forcings are analysed through a series of sensitivity runs. The simulated results indicate that bidirectional rank-ordered ISW packets are generated by the nonlinear steepening of internal tides. An east-west ISW asymmetry is observed, which is attributed to distinct topographic characteristics. The surrounding sills are also capable of generating internal wave beams, which modulate the intensity of ISWs. However, the topographic structure of the west flank of the ridge mainly contributes to the suppression of westward ISWs, which decrease the modulating effect of internal wave beams. During spring tide, the generation of ISWs is enhanced. Under neap tide, ISWs are weak, and the east-west ISW asymmetry is less obvious. Moreover, seasonally varied stratification only has a minor effect on the generation and evolution of ISWs.
'¿Qué hago? ¿Me recomiendan algo?' Comunidades virtuales y agorafobia, un espacio para la participación compartida en la gestión de la medicación
Authors: Jover-Leal Assumpta , Grau-Muñoz Arantxa
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se analizan las entradas producidas en tres grupos de la red social Facebook creados y utilizados por personas diagnosticadas de agorafobia mediante un análisis del discurso. Se identifica que las comunidades virtuales constituyen espacios que favorecen la emergencia de un posicionamiento activo de sus participantes en la co-gestión de su medicación a partir de tres ejes: a) espacio extra-médico de iguales que favorece el intercambio de información, la formación y la consulta; b) espacio que posibilita el nacimiento y puesta en común de narrativas alternativas a la farmacológica, y; c) espacio de conflicto entre narrativas sobre la medicación que, en algunos casos, funciona como catalizador social de los discursos farmacológicos disidentes. Ante la existencia de una única narrativa sobre el tratamiento para la agorafobia desde el punto de vista médico que no encaja igual en las experiencias diversas de las personas agorafóbicas, los grupos que analizamos resultan ser una oportunidad de desarrollo de necesidades insatisfechas, deseos y cuestionamientos, con las consecuencias que ello comporta para una comunidad virtual que ha construido sus significaciones con una gran presencia del discurso médico.
Del banco a la banca: un simulacro imposible. Contribución de la investigación etnográfica al debate sobre la formación política de niños y adolescentes
Authors: Batallán Graciela , Rodríguez Bustamante Lucía , Ritta Loreley
Published: April 2021

Este ensayo de investigación profundiza en la relación enigmática entre los menores de edad y la política. Si bien la promulgación de la Convención Internacional de los Derechos del Niño de 1989 supuso un consenso sobre la importancia y derecho a la participación de estos sujetos en este campo de la vida social, la investigación documenta que la formación ciudadana dirigida a esta franja de edad manifiesta tensiones que se asientan en la deslegitimación social de su capacidad para participar del campo político. Para el estudio de esta problemática se toma como emergente el desarrollo de un Programa de educación política de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires dirigido a estudiantes de escuelas primarias y secundarias. La investigación despliega sobre el eje de la “participación”, tanto los cambios de orientación de esta política pública, como el protagonismo de niños y adolescentes en un juego de roles en el que expresan propuestas, reclamos y debates, documentados etnográficamente durante el período 2004-2014.
'¿Cuánto valen tus manos?': Complejizando la prevención de riesgos laborales del sector de la construcción de Barcelona
Authors: Garcia Curado Xavier
Published: April 2021

Históricamente, la construcción ha sido un sector intensivo en fuerza de trabajo y, aún hoy, los cuerpos de los obreros siguen siendo la principal fuente de creación de valor dentro del sector. Debido a esto, la tensión entre productividad y salud está fuertemente integrada en el modo de producción. Este artículo partirá de una investigación etnográfica llevada a cabo en Barcelona y mostrará cómo la aplicación de cierta legislación en materia de prevención y la crisis económica de 2007 acaban generando un escenario analíticamente interesante para observar cómo se significan y se gestionan culturalmente los riegos y la siniestralidad laboral por parte de los obreros. Este contexto también permite un estudio crítico del actual marco epistemológico desde el que se conciben los riesgos laborales, dicho marco se erige sobre la individualidad, la racionalidad, la objetivación y la mercantilización. Como alternativa, propondré un enfoque basado en la noción de poder, que nos permitirá destacar ciertos procesos de asunción de riesgo que, habitualmente, quedan invisibilizados.
La marca étnica en España. Supervivencia e interacción desde los 'márgenes gitanos'
Authors: Buhigas Jiménez Rafael
Published: April 2021

Galletti, Patricia Cecilia. 2019. La diferencia colonial gitana: normalización y resistencia subalterna en España. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Editorial SB.
THE ROLE OF THE WORLD BANK IN THE GLOBAL LENDING SYSTEM
Authors: SOMZHUREK Baubek , ELMURZAEVA Raushan , TALAPOVA Nurzhanat
Published: April 2021

This article describes the structure and role of the largest international financial institution, the World Bank, which provides credit services through two institutions, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, established in 1944, and the International Development Association, established in 1960, in the global lending system and the specifics of recent years. The structure of the World Bank, which unites about 200 countries, occupies a prominent place in the financial system of the world. Since investment and development loans are a source of financing for the developing and lagging countries of the world. The object of the study is the credit indicators provided by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association to States in various regions in the period from 2016 to 2019. The article uses the method of comparative research. As a result, a sufficient assessment of the projects implemented by the international financial organization will be given.
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN KAPSUL VITAMIN A DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA ANAK BALITA DI POSYANDU DESA KECAMATAN PRAJEKAN BONDOWOSO
Authors: Prasetya Fika Indah , Suryaningtyas Eka
Published: April 2021

Vitamin A adalah vitamin larut lemak yang pertama di temukan. Secara luas, vitamin A marupakan nama generik yang menyatakan semua retinoid dan prekursor/ provitamin A/ karotinoid yang mempunyai aktivitas biologik sebagai retinol (Almeitsier,2010). ISPA merupakan masalah kesehatan yang utama di Indonesia karena masih tingginya angka kejadian ISPA terutama balita.  Prevalensi ISPA di Indonesia adalah 25,5% dengan morbiditas pada bayi 2,2% dan balita 3% sedangkan mortalitas pada pada bayi 23,8% dan balita 15,5%

Penelitian ini penggunakan rancangan penelitian korelasional yang mempelajari tentang Hubungan Pemberian kapsul vitamin A dengan kejadian ISPA, variable dalam penelitian ada dua yaitu variable independen (jkapsul vit A) dan variable dependen (Kejadian ISPA).

Hasil dari pengolahan data di peroleh sebagian besar responden  yang memberikan kapsul Vit A cukup baik sebanyak 21 responden (68%), dari Data riwayat ISPA sebagian besar responden pernah mengalami ISPA  sebanyak 22 Responden (71%), maka di peroleh hasil p value: 0,000  a=o,o5 sehinga di simpulkan H1 di terima, artinya adalah hubungan pemberian kapsul Vit A  dengan kejadian ISPA
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG DHF TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN PENCEGAHAN DHF PADA SANTRI PONDOK PUTRI WILAYAH MILAQ AL-QODIRI JEMBER.
Authors: Suryaningtyas Eka
Published: April 2021

Pendidikan kesehatan adalah suatu proses perubahan pada diri manusia yang ada hubungannya dengan tercapainya tujuan kesehatan perorangan dan masyarakat. Pendidikan kesehatan bukanlah sesuatu yang dapat diberikan oleh seseorang kepada orang lain dan bukan pula sesuatu rangkaian tata laksana yang akan dilaksana ataupun hasil yang akan dicapai, melainkan suatu proses perkembangan yang selalu beubah secara dinamis dimana seseorang dapat menerima atau menolak keterangan baru yang ada hubungannya dengan tujuan hidup sehat (Nyswander,1947 dalam Azwar 1983).

Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pre Experimen dengan One Group Pra-test-Post-Test Design. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Total Sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 58 siswa yang memenuhi kriteria. Instrumen penelitian ini mengguanakan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian dengan uji Wilcoxon (α=0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang dhf terhadap pengetahuan pencegahan dhf.

Hasil analisa univariat sebelum dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan yang memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 4 (6,9%) dan setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan diketahui siswa yang memiiki pengetahuan baik untuk pencegahan dhf sebanyak 39 (67,2%). Dengan uji Wilcoxon di dapat P value 0,000

Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang dhf terhadap pengetahuan pencegahan dhf.
HUBUNGAN SIKAP DENGAN MOTIVASI IBU USIA PRODUKTIF PADA PEMILIHAN MENGGUNAKAN KBIUD DI DUSUN SEPUTIH MAYANG KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Nur Perdani Ayu Puteri
Published: April 2021

Fenomena dimasyarakat cakupan IUD rendah hal ini di karenakan anggapan efek samping yang ditimbulkan oleh KB IUD sangat besar. Efek samping yang ditakutkan masyarakat antara lain lepasnya benang IUD, perdarahan yang lama, serta peradangan pada panggul yang dapat menimbulkan kanker serviks. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan ibu merasa takut karena AKDR dapat berpindah tempat ketika pemakaian jangka lamadan dapat menyebabkan tumor pada kantung rahim. Maksud daristudi ini yaituuntuk mengetahui adanya hubungan sikap dengan motivasi wanita usia produktif dalam pemilihan penggunaan AKDR.

Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitucross sectional,jumlah populasi semua ibu usia produktif Desa Seputih Kecamatan Mayang , sebanyak 167 orang, sampling yang digunakan purposive samplingsebanyak 33 orang. Variabel independen sikap ibu usia produktif tentang AKDR, Variabel dependen motivasi ibu usia produktif dalam penggunaan AKDR. Analisa data peneliti menggunakan spearman rank

Hasil pada penelitian sikap ibu usia produktif tentang AKDR sebagian besar adalah negatif sebanyak 17 responden (51,5%), motivasi ibu usia produktif dalam penggunaan AKDR sebagian banyak adalah sedang sejumlah 23 wanita (69,7%), hasil uji H1 diterima/adanya hubungan.

Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat hubungan sikap dan motivasi wanita usia produktif pada pemilihan penggunaan AKDR, oleh karena itu bidan disarankan memberikan KIE pada calon akseptor KB secara kontinue dan lebih memperkenalkan AKDR sebagai kontrasepsi yang efektif dan murah.

 

Kata kunci : Sikap, Motivasi, Ibu usia produktif, IUD
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP RSKG (RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS GERIATRI) TEJA HUSADA KEPANJEN
Authors: Sholichah Fatmawati
Published: April 2021

One effort to create a healthy Indonesia is to improve the quality of services and facilities by health providers such as health centers, hospitals and clinics in Indonesia. Hospitals providing health services in Indonesia should be managed properly, in improving the quality of services.

In this study, the population was patients who were undergoing treatment at the Teja Husada Kepanjen General Hospital, as many as 105 patients. This random sampling is called Simple Random Sampling. In sampling according to Husein Umar (2003:141) Slovin formula was used. So that the sample taken was 51 respondents.

From the research results it can be seen that 1) From the research results it can be seen that service quality variables which include reliability (X1), responsiveness (X2), certainty (X3), empathy (X4), physical evidence (X5) simultaneously affect patient satisfaction RSKG (Geriatric Special Hospital) Teja Husada Kepanjen at RSKG (Geriatric Special Hospital) Teja Husada Kepanjen; 2) From the research results it can be seen that the service quality variables which include reliability (X1), responsiveness (X2), certainty (X3), empathy (X4), physical evidence (X5) have a partial effect on patient satisfaction of RSKG (Geriatri Special Hospital ) Teja Husada Kepanjen at RSKG (Geriatric Special Hospital) Teja Husada Kepanjen; and 3) From the results of the study it can be seen that responsiveness which is one of the service quality variables has a dominant influence on the satisfaction of the Teja Husada Kepanjen RSKG (Special Geriatric Hospital) patients at the Teja Husada Kepanjen RSKG (Geriatric Special Hospital).

Keywords: Service Quality, Patient Satisfaction
DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN PERILAKU MEMBUANG DAHAK PADA PENDERITA TB PARU DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: ISHANA BALAPUTRA
Published: April 2021

Background: TB Paru merupakan penyakit yang sangat mudah sekali menular kepada orang lain melalui dahak. Perilaku membuang dahak harus diperhatikan oleh penderita TB Paru sehingga tidak menularkan pada orang lain. Oleh karena itu, dukungan keluarga sangat diperlukan untuk menciptakan perilaku yang baik bagi penderita TB Paru. Method: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain korelasi dengan cross sectional. Jumlah sample dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 17 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket. Result: Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji chi square (α = 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa p = 0,000 p <0,05 sehingga terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku membuang dahak pada penderita TB Paru. Conclusion: Perilaku penderita TB Paru terutama dalam membuang dahak/sputum haruslah baik. Perilaku yang baik tersebut tentunya membutuhkan dukungan dari berbagai pihak, agar perilaku membuang dahak menjadi baik, salah satunya adalah dengan adanya dukungan dari keluarga.
DUKUNGAN DAN PERAN SUAMI DALAM KUNJUNGAN ANC IBU HAMIL DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: PUTRI RIZKIYAH SALAM, ENDAH SRI UTAMI
Published: April 2021

Background: Suami merupakan seseorang yang selalu hadir dan memberikan dukungan dalam setiap kegiatan ANC yang ibu hamil lakukan. Selain dukungan, peran suami juga sangat dibutuhkan dalam kunjungan ANC yang dilakukan oleh ibu hamil, sehingga frekuensi kunjungan ANC akan meningkat pula. Method: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis korelasional dengan pedeketan secara Cros-Sectional untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan dan peran suami dalam kunjungan ANC ibu hamil di kabupaten Jember. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket. Result: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sebagian besar dukungan suami baik sebesar 86%. Selain itu, peran suami juga baik sebesar 52%. Conclusion: Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Spearman Rank / Rho (α = 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa p = 0,000 dimana p< 0,05 sehingga terdapat hubungan antara dukungan dan peran suami dalam kunjungan ANC ibu hamil di kabupaten Jember.
PIJAT BAYI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF INTERVENSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BERAT BADAN
Authors: ALDI FEBRIAN WIEMINATY
Published: April 2021

Background: Berat badan bayi merupakan masalah yang cukup sering dijumpai pada bayi dan perlu ditingkatkan karena berat badan merupakan tolak ukur pertumbungan dan perkembangan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan berat badan bayi dengan cara terapi pijat. Method: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan quasy eksperimen. Sample penelitian ini terdiri dari 16 responden yang diambil dengan cara purposive sampling dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan independent sample t test. Result: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pijat bayi terhadap peningkatan berat badan dengan nilai sebesar 0,039. Conclusion: Pijat bayi merupakan intervensi yang sangat efektif dalam peningkatan berat badan bayi karena pijat bayi tersebut dapat menstimulasi nafsu makan bayi menjadi meningkat. Oleh karena itu dianjurkan para orang tua yang memiliki masalah anak dengan berat badan untuk melakukan pijat bayi.
Implementasi Normalisasi Dalam Perancangan Database Relational
Authors: Suryadi Sudi
Published: April 2021

Dalam merancang sebuah database relasional, untuk kebutuhan sistem informasi dibutuhkan suatu Teknik yang disebut dengan Normalisasi. Dengan adanya teknik ini memungkinkan menghindari terjadinya berbagai anomali data dan tidak konsistensinya sebuah data. Dalam beberapa kasus normalisasi ini sangat penting untuk menunjang kinerja database dan memastikan bahwa data dalam database tersebut aman dan tidak terjadi kesalahan jika mendapat perintah SQL terutama DML yaitu update, insert, dan delete. Normalisasi menggunakan tahap-tahapan  dalam penyelesaiannya yang disebut dengan 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF, DKNF, 6NF, setiap tahapan-tahapan memiliki ciri-ciri dalam penyelesaiannya
TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF THE VETERINARY DRUG “MASTILACT LC” AT MASTITES IN COWS
Authors: Gotovsky D. G. , Petrov V. V. , Shchyhelskaya K. S. , Romanova E. V.
Published: April 2021

Toxicological properties were studied and production tests were conducted of a veterinary drug “Mastilact LC”. The findings show that by the indicators of acute intragastric toxicity, the drug is referred to the IV class of danger. The therapeutic efficacy of the drug was 87.5%, the course of treatment averaged from 3.25±0.16 to 4.88±0.30 days, depending on the form of mastitis. The drug possesses no negative impact on animal body.
EFFICIENCY OF WHIRLPOOL ELECTROSTATIC PHYSIOTHERAPY IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF HARD-MILKING IN COWS
Authors: Koreyba L. V. , Spitsyna T.L , Kovalchuk D.A.
Published: April 2021

It was found that diseases of the mammary gland in cows included various types of mastitis –.35%, wounds – 15%, abscess – 15%, phlegmon – 5%, stenosis of the teat canal (hard-milking) – 30%. It was discovered that in the conditions of the city of Dnipro, stenosis of the teat canal (hard-milking) is registered in 30 % of cows as a complication of the purulent catarrhal mastitis in the absence of treatment or its ineffectiveness.
Application of whirlpool electrostatic implosion physiotherapy using the apparatus “Vikhr-9T” and the Mishin's coils in a complex treatment of hard-milking in cows, leads to a complete recovery 2-4 days faster and without a disease recurrence.
INDICATORS OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF A VETERINARY PREPARATION “GAMITROVET” AND ITS THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CALFS, PIGS AND LAMBS
Authors: Petrov V.V. , Matsinovich M.S. , Belko A.A. , Matsinovich A.A. , Romanova E.V.
Published: April 2021

Determination was carried out of indicators of acute toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of a veterinary drug “Gamitrovet”, containing gamithromycin as AAS, for respiratory diseases in calves, lambs and piglets. Indicators of acute toxicity were defined, and LD50 for a veterinary drug “Gamitrovet” was calculated, which after a single subcutaneous injection to white laboratory mice made 3757.5 mg / kg, and after a single oral administration to white laboratory mice made 04376.25 mg / kg. A veterinary drug “Gamitrovet” is an effective means in treatment of cattle, pigs and sheep with respiratory diseases, and allows achieving therapeutic efficacy in the range of 90 – 100%.
Understanding of Various Diet Preferences and Cognizance about Zoonotic Diseases
Authors: Aggarwal Archana , Gupta Rakhi , Rawat Shreya
Published: April 2021

Diet preferences are dependent on one’s culture and habitat and play an indispensable role in the prevention, and management of various health issues. The high prevalence and persistence of food-related diseases are ramifying the human population globally. Although many are preventable through practices of adhering to healthy dietary patterns, and engaging in physical activity. The preponderance of evidence to date suggests that a plant-based diet can be protective and potentially curative for several chronic degenerative diseases and reduces the risk of zoonotic diseases. The present study was designed to analyse various diet preferences and awareness level about their role in the spread of zoonotic diseases amidst covid-19 pandemic.
The present cross-sectional study was conducted online with 757 randomly selected subjects residing in Delhi and NCR of India in the month of May-June, 2020. It was observed that 53.9% of subjects preferred a vegetarian diet. For a very high percentage (88.7%) of the subject’s selection criteria for a particular diet, was health quotient. 82.2% of subjects believed that meat consumption increases susceptibility to various infectious diseases including zoonotic diseases. However, only 40.5%, non-vegetarian subjects were willing to adopt a plant-based diet after the Covid-19 outbreak. It was found that majority of vegetarian and non-vegetarian subjects believed that eating animal products lead to spreading of zoonotic diseases.

Key words: Covid-19, Diet preference, Health, Vegetarian, Non-vegetarian, Zoonotic diseases.
Knowledge, Attitude and Anxiety about the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic among the Urban Community of Mumbai: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Aurangabadkar Sheetal , Karajgi Asmita
Published: April 2021

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organisation. Pandemics can lead to increased level of stress and anxiety. This is especially true for COVID -19 when there is speculation surrounding the mode and rate of transmission, with the disease spreading at such a magnitude all around the globe. This online survey, related to the knowledge, attitude and anxiety about the novel Corona virus, was conducted among the urban population of Mumbai, India. A total of 155 responses were obtained. All the participants were above 18 years and of Indian origin. Among the participants, 74.2% were females and 25.8% were males. A majority of responders were aware of the basic knowledge of the disease COVID 19. About 65.2% participants reported that Corona virus can spread through touching, sneezing, kissing and food. Most of the participants had positive attitude towards the disease and the social practises related to the COVID 19. Majority of the participants complained of high anxiety and stress related to their personal hygiene, keeping a stock of all the essentials in their home and a constant fear of getting infected.
Conclusion – There is moderate level of awareness about the knowledge related to the mode and spread of COVID 19 among the study population due to their high level of education and internet access. Though there is a positive attitude towards the practise of COVID protocol like isolation and the need for avoiding crowded places, there is still fear of getting infected among the study population.

Key words: Corona virus, Knowledge, Attitude, Anxiety, World Health Organisation.
Student’s Perception toward Online Classes during COVID-19 Pandemic - Hotel Management Students
Authors: Kumar Nisheeth , Akoijam Tangjakhombi
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 (‘CO' stands for corona, 'VI' for the virus, and 'D' for disease) has been categorized as a pandemic in March 2020 by WHO. Due to this pandemic, the academic institutions were closed on orders by various state and central government agencies of India. The academic institutions were shut down in between the running academic session. Thus the teachers adopted various online modes for conducting classes to cover the syllabus which was pending. With the help of various technological tools like Zoom, Cisco, Google meet, etc., the academic institution could cover their syllabus. This study was performed to study the student’s perception toward the online classes during COVID-19 Pandemic. The study was performed on the present students who are pursuing Hotel management courses at undergraduate and postgraduate levels from various academic institutions of India.

Keywords: COVID-19, Academic, Online classes, perception, Hotel management, Institutions.