bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory chain complex I is related to oxidative phosphorylation in gastric cancer stem cells
Authors: Peng Chunwei , Kang Weibiao , Li Yunsong
Published: April 2022

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main cause of resistance to anti-cancer drug therapy and distant metastasis of tumors, including gastric cancer. The metabolism of CSCs is an important factor in the maintenance of its stemness. This study is intended to explore the role of oxidative phosphorylation in gastric CSCs.

Methods: EpCAM+CD44+ gastric CSCs were sorted from the SGC-7901 cell line. The oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis were determined by Seahorse experiment, and the oxygen consumption of cells was determined by Clark’s oxygen electrodes. Gene expression and protein levels of mitochondrial proteins belonging to five respiratory chain complexes were checked. Phenformin and siRNA-NDUFB8 were used to inhibit respiratory chain complex I to explore the biological effect of enhanced oxidation phosphorylation in gastric CSCs. Cell migration capacity, proliferation ability, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were also evaluated.

Results: Compared with control cells, the oxidation phosphorylation in mitochondria increased in EpCAM+CD44+ gastric CSCs, although the respiration level remained the same, and no significant changes were observed in glycolysis. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression levels of NDUFB8 in complex I were significantly increased. However, oxidative phosphorylation decreased in EpCAM+CD44+ cells after the treatment of phenformin and siRNA-NDUFB8 compared to the untreated cells. siRNA for NDFUB8 and phenformin inhibition also decreased the ability of cell migration, cell proliferation, as well as the VEGF secretion of gastric CSCs.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the increased oxidative phosphorylation was related to respiratory chain complex I and NDUFB8 in gastric CSCs.
Asymmetric double-image encryption using twin decomposition in fractional Hartley domain
Authors: Kumar Jaideep , Singh Phool , Yadav Ak
Published: April 2022

Twin decomposition, consisting of equal and random modulus decompositions, not only makes a cryptosystem asymmetric but also resists special attack. A new double-image asymmetric cryptosystem using twin decomposition in fractional Hartley domain is proposed. An input grayscale image, bonded with another grayscale image as its phase mask, is transformed via fractional Hartley transform. Equal modulus decomposition is applied on the resulting image, giving us two intermediate images. One of them is subjected to another fractional Hartley transform followed by random modulus decomposition, whereas the other serves as the first private key. The application of random modulus decomposition also results in two images: encrypted image and the second private key. During the process of decryption, firstly the encrypted image is combined with second private key and thereafter it is subjected to inverse fractional Hartley transform. The resulting image is then combined with the first private key, and followed by another inverse fractional Hartley transform, thus recovering the two original images. The proposed cryptosystem is validated for pairs of grayscale images.
Points and Lines Configurations for Perpendicular Bisectors of Convex Cyclic Polygons
Authors: Melotti Paul , Ramassamy Sanjay , Thévenin Paul
Published: April 2022

We characterize the topological configurations of points and lines that may arise when placing $n$ points on a circle and drawing the $n$ perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the corresponding convex cyclic $n$-gon. We also provide exact and asymptotic formulas describing a random realizable configuration, obtained either by sampling the points uniformly at random on the circle or by sampling a realizable configuration uniformly at random.
PENGARUH STRATEGI DIFERENSIASI DAN PROMOSI ONLINE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA BUTIK MUTIARA SANI
Authors: Maulidia Nia Darma
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of differentiation strategy and online promotion on purchasing decisions. This type of research is quantitative. The sampling technique used is the Probability Sampling technique with a sample of 98 respondents. The tool used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test. According to Setiyaningrum (2015:71), Positioning is the way a product is defined by consumers based on important attributes where the product is placed in the minds of consumers compared to rival products. . This positioning strategy must be able to be carried out by the company well in an effort to get customers and retain those customers. The results showed that the differentiation strategy and online promotion had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Mutiara Sani Boutique Management should maintain and further improve online promotions in various internet media and pay attention to the differentiation strategy process such as prioritizing service and product quality so that consumer purchasing decisions are increasing.
KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA BATU: GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI
Authors: Harnani Sri , Kurniawati Rif Susi
Published: April 2022

The objective of the study is to analyze and explain the influence of leadership style on organizational commitment, the influence of leadership style on employee performance and the influence of leadership style on employee performance. Leadership on employee performance is influenced by organizational commitment style. The study population included 5 employees of the Batu City Office of Education. The results of the study explain that leadership style directly affects employee performance and organizational commitment and organizational commitment can influence leadership style on employee performance.
Clinical Use of Nanoparticles in Orthodontics as Possible Aid to Reduce the Incidence of White Spot Lesions
Authors: Bencze Maria-Angelica , Albu Cristina-Crenguta , Teodorescu Elina , Vasilache Adriana , Stanciu Ioana-Andreea , Dragomirescu Anca-Oana , Ionescu Ecaterina
Published: April 2022

In the recent years, the number of patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances is permanently increasing, as well as their interest for esthetic treatment issues. One potential unwanted consequence of orthodontic therapy is the onset of white spot lesions on teeth enamel during treatment. The present review includes studies published between 2010 and 2021 on three different databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar) regarding the implications of nanoparticles in white spots prevention. The initial databases search identified 471 entries. Following the PRISMA-P 2015 guide, 39 scientific articles were selected for full text evaluation. The studies were divided into four categories. The interpretation of studies included in this review permits us to sustain the idea that the use of nanoparticles in various orthodontic materials improves their bioactivity, decreases the biofilm appearance around components of the fixed appliances, and can even initiate remineralization in the enamel proximity. Most of the analysed articles are in-vitro studies of new biomaterials properties, in the recent years depicting an increase interest of the researchers towards randomized control trials regarding clinical use of new orthodontic biomaterials.
New Findings of Freshwater Halacarid mites (Acari: Halacaridae) in Mexico
Authors: Ojeda Margarita , Herrera-Mares Angel
Published: April 2022

Freshwater Halacaridae are poorly known in Mexico. The only species reported so far is Limnohalacarus cultellatus Viets, 1940 from Quintana Roo, but the country is still a white spot for this group of mites. Recently, some halacarid specimens were collected in samples from two locations in Mexico City. Herein we present the records of two species: Porolohmanella violacea (Kramer, 1879), and Porohalacarus alpinus (Thor, 1910), which increase the number of epicontinental halacarids to three. These records are the first for the country and extend the known worldwide distribution range for each of these species. Future studies will certainly increase the number of halacarid species, and probably the percentage of species of these aquatic mites in Mexico.
HEALTH INFORMATION BEHAVIOR DURING COVID-19 EFFECT OUTBREAK AMONG NAVSARI AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF NAVSARI CITY
Authors: Shaikh Samir , Dodiya Indira N
Published: April 2022

Health information shared on the web has the potential to enhance people’s quality of life. However, health information literacy and informational skills decide the individuals’ ability to get credible health information useful for them. This study investigates Navsari Agriculture university students of Navsari City health information behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has adopted a quantitative approach using a questionnaire to Navsari Agriculture university students of Navsari City health information behavior. A sample of a questionnaire was distributed randomly among 230 students and 185 students answered a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The study results show that official health websites, social media, and family and friends are the first sources for health information for the participants. The findings also revealed that the sample has adequate health information skills, though many of the participants still got to raise their information literacy skills. Information credibility and private beliefs were found to affect the participants’ decision to share health information on the web . One of the limitations of the study is that the sample selected in this study was Agriculture students who are trained to find reliable information as part of their education. Findings could also be different for the “average” student. Furthermore, the questionnaire was distributed in one university, which means that the results cannot be generalized in Agriculture University using different courses. This study explores the health information behavior of Agriculture students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study results may help develop the course plan in other Agriculture universities in Gujarat, which would help improve the students’ health information literacy
Karain Mağarası Orta Kalkolitik Dönem Seramiği
Authors: Aykurt** Ayşegül , Ayengin*** Nurperi
Published: April 2022

Karain Mağarası’nın B gözünde yapılan çalışmalarda H I-IV katmanlarında Kalkolitik Çağ’a tarihlenen seramik örnekleri ele geçmiştir. Çağın erken, orta ve geç dönemlerini içeren örneklerinin mağaranın dip kenarlarında, özellikle H I-III katmanlarında, oldukça karışık durumda olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu makale kapsamında söz konusu karışık malzeme içinde yer alan Orta Kalkolitik Dönem’e tarihlenen karakteristik seramik örnekleri değerlendirilmiştir. Seramik örnekleri içinde yer alan sepet kulplu ve mantar başlı saplı çanaklar ile mahmuzlu kulplara sahip çömlekler, Troas’tan Likya bölgesine kadar uzanan ortak seramik kültürünün ürünü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Söz konusu kültür bölgesinde yer alan Malkaya Mağarası, Tavabaşı Aşağı Mağarası ile birlikte Karain Mağarası, bölgede Orta Kalkolitik Dönem’e sadece höyük yerleşimlerinin olmadığını, aynı kültür materyallerini kullanan mağara yerleşimlerinin de olduğunu ortaya koyması bakımından önemlidir. Bunun yanı sıra B gözünde bulunan seramik ve diğer buluntular birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; mağaranın mevsimlik olarak kullanılmadığı, Troas’tan Likya bölgesine kadar uzanan ortak kültürel materyallere sahip, ancak farklı yaşam biçimini tercih etmiş insanlar tarafından sürekli bir yaşam alanı olarak kullanıldığı düşünülmüştür.
Midhat Paşa’nın Suriye Valiliği Döneminde Sultan II. Abdülhamid ve İngiltere Büyükelçisi Layard ile Olan İlişkileri (Kasım 1878-Ağustos 1880)
Authors: Buzpınar Ş. Tufan
Published: April 2022

Bu makale, Midhat Paşa’nın Kasım 1878-Ağustos 1880 tarihleri arasında devam eden Suriye valiliği ile ilgili hususları ele almaktadır. Makale, Büyükelçi Henry Layard’ın Midhat Paşa ile ilgisinin seyrini ve Suriye valiliğine tayininde nasıl bir rol oynadığını ele aldıktan sonra Paşa’nın valiliği döneminde gerçekleştirilen reformları açıklamaktadır. 1879’da gerçekleştirilen ve mahkemelerin vilayet yöneticilerinden bağımsızlığını hedefeyen reformların Midhat Paşa’nın hükûmet ve saray ile ilişkisini nasıl olumsuz etkilediği irdelenmektedir. Layard’ın Eylül 1879’da gerçekleştirdiği Suriye ziyaretinin, Sultan Abdülhamid’in İngiltere ve Midhat Paşa ilişkisinden duyduğu endişeleri artırdığı hususu anlatıldıktan sonra Mayıs 1880’de Layard’ın İstanbul büyükelçiliği görevinin sona ermesinin ve Haziran-Temmuz 1880’de ortaya çıkan Osmanlı karşıtı el ilanları meselesinin Midhat Paşa’nın konumunu olumsuz etkilemesi makalenin devamında açıklanan konuları oluşturmaktadır. Aynı dönemde, Cevdet Paşa ve Mahmud Nedim Paşa gibi Midhat Paşa’nın kuvvetli muhaliferinin hükûmette nazır olarak görev almalarının ilişkilerin gerilmesindeki rolü ve Mayıs-Haziran 1880’de birkaç defa tekrarlanan istifalar da ele alınmaktadır. Son olarak, Midhat Paşa’nın görevden alınışı ve yerine yapılan atama süreci aydınlatılmaktadır.
HIPERSENSIBILIDADE AO NÍQUEL E O APARELHO ORTODÔNTICO: ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS E CLÍNICOS
Authors: De Azevedo Monarko Nunes , Vêncio Eneida Franco , Lenza Marcos Augusto
Published: April 2022

O níquel é um elemento responsável por até 17% dos casos de hipersensibilidade em pacientes sob tratamento ortodôntico. Apesar de ser uma preocupação recorrente, não há um consenso sobre a influência das taxas de níquel, liberadas dos aparelhos ao longo do tratamento ortodôntico, e da resposta imune inflamatória capazes de causar reações alérgicas ao paciente. O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre os aspectos biológicos e clínicos envolvidos nas reações de hipersensibilidade ao níquel durante o tratamento ortodôntico. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de busca bibliográfica, nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed, Periódicos Capes, BVS e SciELO, utilizando os descritores “Ortodontia corretiva”, “Hipersensibilidade tardia”, e “Níquel”.  Foram selecionados 128 trabalhos publicados entre 1929 a 2019. Considerando que a utilização de dispositivos metálicos é muito frequente dentro da Ortodontia, os autores abordam quais são as implicações do uso de aparelhos com níquel na prática clínica do ortodontista. Em seguida, apresentam um dos principais problemas causados pelo íon níquel: a hipersensibilidade. Por fim, são discutidos os aspectos epidemiológicos e fatores de risco da doença, como ela se desenvolve, como se manifesta, através dos sinais e sintomas, nos indivíduos alérgicos e como é realizado o diagnóstico e o melhor tratamento para as reações. Os resultados do presente estudo podem ajudar a desenvolver estratégias eficientes e seguras para a prevenção e o tratamento dessa condição, além de contribuir para uma conduta adequada durante a terapia ortodôntica dos indivíduos.
EDUCATION DINIYAH POLICY IN THE SCOPE OF AL-BAROKAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Bustanul , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Sahrandi Akhmad
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Diniyah education in Islamic boarding schools is a program that must be undercontrolled and further improved both in quality and quantity, in order to improve the students  attention in studying for their future. To accomplish that goal,  we need supporting factors such as diniyah, Al-quran readings, bandongan, sorogan and the role of ustadz as mentors as guides and role models for students. The purpose of this research is to increase the investment of the excellent children, have good character and morality, broad -minded by bringing Islamic values, salaf as exemplified by previous scholars.

This research uses qualitative methods based on real theories. it uses observation techniques to observe the surrounding conditions, especially within the scope of the Islamic boarding school. The expected results of this study are: 1) existing policies in madrasah diniyah are run properly to accommodate children who in the future continue the relay of the struggle of the previous leader, who have good morality, noble character, based on the values of Islamic teachings. Policies in the diniyah may be different from before because this country is still struggling from the covid virus which has not ended until to day.
Signatures of a Surviving Helium-star Companion in Type Ia Supernovae and Constraints on the Progenitor Companion of SN 2011fe
Authors: Liu Zheng-Wei , Röpke Friedrich K. , Zeng Yaotian
Published: April 2022

Single-degenerate (SD) binary systems composed of a white dwarf and a nondegenerate helium (He)-star companion have been proposed as the potential progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The He-star companions are expected to survive the SN Ia explosion in this SD progenitor model. In the present work, we map the surviving He-star companion models computed from our previous three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of ejecta–companion interaction into the one-dimensional stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics to follow their long-term evolution to make predictions of their post-impact observational properties, which can be helpful in searches for such surviving He-star companions in future observations. By comparing with the very-late-epoch light curve of the best observed SN Ia, SN 2011fe, we find that our surviving He-star companions become significantly more luminous than SN 2011fe about 1000 days after maximum light. This suggests that an He star is very unlikely to be a companion to the progenitor of SN 2011fe.
Photometric Analysis of the OGLE Heartbeat Stars
Authors: Wrona Marcin , Kołaczek-Szymański Piotr A. , Ratajczak Milena , Kozłowski Szymon
Published: April 2022

We present an analysis of 991 heartbeat stars (HBSs) from the OGLE Collection of Variable Stars. The sample consists of 512 objects located toward the Galactic bulge, 439 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and 40 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We model the I-band OGLE light curves using an analytical model of flux variations reflecting tidal deformations between stars. We present distributions of the model parameters that include the eccentricity, orbital inclination, and argument of the periastron but also the period–amplitude diagrams. On the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, our HBS sample forms two separate groups of different evolutionary status. The first group, including about 90 systems with short orbital periods (P ≲ 50 days), consists of an early-type primary star lying on (or close to) the main sequence. The second group, including about 900 systems with long orbital periods (P ≳ 100 days), contains a red giant (RG). The position of the RG HBSs on the period–luminosity diagram strongly indicates their binary nature. They appear to be a natural extension of confirmed binary systems that include the OGLE ellipsoidal and long secondary period variables. We also present a time-series analysis leading to detection of tidally excited oscillations (TEOs). We identify such pulsations in about 5% of stars in the sample with a total of 78 different modes. This first relatively large homogeneous sample of TEOs allowed us to construct a diagram revealing the correlation between the TEO’s orbital harmonic number and the eccentricity of the host binary system.
Testing the Alfvén-wave Model of the Solar Wind with Interplanetary Scintillation
Authors: Shoda Munehito , Iwai Kazumasa , Shiota Daikou
Published: April 2022

Understanding the mechanism(s) of solar wind acceleration is important in astrophysics and geophysics. A promising model of solar wind acceleration is known as the wave/turbulence-driven (WTD) model, in which Alfvén waves feed energy to the solar wind. In this study, we tested the WTD model with global measurements of wind speed from interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations. For Carrington rotations in minimal and maximal activity phases, we selected field lines calculated by the potential-field source-surface method in high and midlatitudes and compared the simulated and observed wind velocities. The simulation was performed in a self-consistent manner by solving the magnetohydrodynamic equations from the photosphere to the solar wind. In high-latitude regions, the simulated solar wind velocity agrees better with the IPS observation than with the classical Wang–Sheeley empirical estimation, both in maximal and minimal activity phases. In midlatitude regions, the agreement worsens, possibly because of the inaccuracy of the WTD model and/or the magnetic-field extrapolation. Our results indicate that the high-latitude solar wind is likely to be driven by waves and turbulence and that the physics-based prediction of the solar wind velocity is highly feasible with an improved magnetic-field extrapolation.
Winter Weakening of Titan's Stratospheric Polar Vortices
Authors: Shultis J. , Waugh D. W. , Toigo A. D. , Newman C. E. , Teanby N. A. , Sharkey J.
Published: April 2022

Polar vortices are a prominent feature in Titan's stratosphere. The Cassini mission has provided a detailed view of the breakdown of the northern polar vortex and formation of the southern vortex, but the mission did not observe the full annual cycle of the evolution of the vortices. Here we use a TitanWRF general circulation model simulation of an entire Titan year to examine the full annual cycle of the polar vortices. The simulation reveals a winter weakening of the vortices, with a clear minimum in polar potential vorticity and midlatitude zonal winds between winter solstice and spring equinox. The simulation also produces the observed postfall equinox cooling followed by rapid warming in the upper stratosphere. This warming is due to strong descent and adiabatic heating, which also leads to the formation of an annular potential vorticity structure. The seasonal evolution of the polar vortices is very similar in the two hemispheres, with only small quantitative differences that are much smaller than the seasonal variations, which can be related to Titan's orbital eccentricity. This suggests that any differences between observations of the northern hemisphere vortex in late northern winter and the southern hemisphere vortex in early winter are likely due to the different observation times with respect to solstice, rather than fundamental differences in the polar vortices.
Okalia necopinata sp. nov. (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak (Malaysia)
Authors: Kodada Ján , Jäch Manfred A. , Selnekovič Dávid , Goffová Katarína
Published: April 2022

Okalia necopinatasp. nov., from Sarawak, northwest Borneo, Malaysia, is described and illustrated along with an identification key. The standard barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was used together with morphological characters to delimit the taxonomic boundaries of the two known species, which live in shallow streams flowing through dense primary forests in limestone areas in Pahang (West Malaysia) and Sarawak (East Malaysia). The majority of all examined Okalia are flightless. Morphological distinguishing characters are the length of the granulated fifth elytral interval, the elytral and pronotal punctation, the aedeagal morphology, and the distal portion of the ovipositor.
L’évolution démographique récente de la France
Authors: Breton Didier , Belliot Nicolas , Barbieri Magali , d’Albis Hippolyte , Mazuy Magali
Published: April 2022

Le 1 er  janvier 2021, la France comptait 67,4 millions d’habitants soit 120 000 de plus qu’au 1 er  janvier 2020. Contrairement à de nombreux pays européens, la population de la France n’a pas diminué, mais marque un très fort ralentissement, du fait principalement de la crise sanitaire engendrée par la pandémie de Covid qui a eu des effets sur toutes les composantes démographiques. Les données provisoires indiquent en 2020 une diminution du nombre de titres de séjours d’au moins un an délivrés à des personnes des pays tiers (– 10 000), notamment ceux en provenance de pays d’Afrique et ceux pour cause « familiale » et « humanitaire ». Le nombre de naissances a également fortement baissé, particulièrement 9 mois après le confinement. Cette baisse s’explique par une diminution de nombre de conceptions et non une augmentation des interruptions volontaires de grossesses qui sont en recul, notamment les mois suivant le premier confinement. Mais les deux phénomènes les plus fortement affectés sont, d’une part, les mariages rendus impossibles du fait des règles sanitaires (– 70 000) et, comme on pouvait s’y attendre, la mortalité avec une diminution de l’espérance de vie de 0,56 an pour les hommes et 0,45 an pour les femmes, soit un retour au niveau de mortalité observé 6 ans auparavant.
Contractual Alliance Governance: Impact of Different Contract Functions on Alliance Performance
Authors: Faems Dries
Published: April 2022

Recent research on alliance governance has emphasized that contracts can have both a control and coordination function. In this paper, we test the impact of these different contract functions on alliance performance. Conducting structural equation analyses on a sample of 270 Dutch technology alliances, we disentangle the relationship between different contract functions, partner cooperation and alliance success. Our data show that different contract roles have a different impact on partner cooperation within the alliance. In addition, we find strong indications that the presence/absence of prior trustful collaboration and the number of alliance partners moderate the relationship between contract functions and partner cooperation. Finally, our data provide evidence that contract functions indirectly influence alliance success via partner cooperation.
Cycles in causation and effectuation: a case study of four metal-music ventures
Authors: Laaksonen Laura
Published: April 2022

In this paper we apply the entrepreneurial effectuation theory (Sarasvathy 2001) and theories in expertise (Read & Sarasvathy 2005) in an empirical study in a particular context: musicianship as a form of entrepreneurship in the popular music industry. We apply the theories and empirical evidence in our framework by using a qualitative case study to analyze four ventures, four Finnish music groups. Based on the analysis we find extensions on Sarasvathy’s (2001) and Read and Sarasvathy’s (2005) work on three levels. First we find that the causation process is more typical in the “deliberate practice” (Read & Sarasvathy 2005) that forms the foundation for superior expert practice, which is a requirement for building novel and authentic cultural products. Secondly, we find that in the beginning of the business activities, these ventures are more effectual, when the situation tends to be resource-poor. We also find that even though the companies’ core teams are relatively small, once the business grows and the number of international partners increases the business processes and decisionmaking becomes inevitabely more causation driven.
The Entrepreneurial Orientation of Rapidly Internationalizing Service: Firms and its Link to International Operations
Authors: Sepulveda Fabian L.
Published: April 2022

This paper studies the international entrepreneurial orientation of rapidly internationalizing services firms (RISFs) and its relationship to three of their foreign market activities. Using multiple case studies we explore the research question: How does the international entrepreneurial orientation of rapidly internationalizing service firms affect their foreign market entry, market penetration, and growth? We build on entrepreneurship and international services literature to develop our research question that leads to the advancement of seven propositions as a foundation for further research. Three entrepreneurial orientation elements were investigated, of which proactiveness and innovativeness seemed to have the strongest links to RISF foreign activities. The analysis also uncovered interesting insights about RISF innovativeness some of which contradict extant services literature. Our paper makes three contributions: it provides empirical insights about RISFs, addressing a historical shortage of international services firm studies; it answers calls for further research in this area; it introduces an empirical analysis on service firm innovativeness at an international level, lending weight to similar future studies. We separately hope our research contributes to International Entrepreneurship research via our results linking RISF foreign activities and international entrepreneurial orientation.
Resources-based hyper-growth of firms
Authors: Cassia Lucio
Published: April 2022

High-growth firms deserve a relevant role in the ‘real-word’ economy: many scholars have proved that these firms create employment, wealth, and economic growth. For example, in the US, the ‘gazelles’ (i.e., firms in the highest percentiles of the growth rate distribution) account for the largest part of the total increase in the employment rate, although they represent only a very small share of all companies (Birch, 1987). Many scholars have also suggested and proved that firm growth creates employment, wealth and general economic development (e.g. Birch, 1979), so that by understanding high-growth firms, researchers may better understand the features involved with growth and success in general
Spaces of Wrath
Authors: Banerjee Debalina
Published: April 2022

The aim of this chapter is to study the impact of marital rape or intimate partner violence in Shashi Deshpande's The Dark Holds No Terrors (1980) and how it leads to the mutilation of physical and sexual autonomy of the female protagonist Saru. The focus will be on her journey from subjugation to assertion. Deshpande portrays women trapped in varying degrees within the threshold of middle-class Indian life, resulting in fractured identities and violated bodies. Marriage and family are the sites of patriarchal machinations that for women like Saru become spaces of wrath. Such structures coerce women into the system through appropriation of archetypes/stereotypes. The disproportionate power dynamics within marriage and motherhood dictate the distribution of gender roles. Her female protagonist smothers her protests, anger, and defiance in a ‘long' practiced silence. The burden of wifehood subsumes Saru's identity, despite the fact that she is a successful doctor.
Uncovering the Veiled Experiences
Authors: Nittali Kirankumar , N. K. Sandhya Devi
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the atrocities against women during the Bangladesh Liberation War using memory narratives, historical accounts, and fiction. Through a particular focus on Sorayya Khan's Noor (2003), the chapter analyzes women's memories of such traumatic experiences to argue that Bengali women were not only subjected to sexual violence by the West Pakistani military but were also ostracised by their nation to create a true Bangladeshi identity. Furthermore, this chapter explores how female identities were reimagined depending on the then prevailing political ideologies. The findings reveal that the indelible recollections of female war victims later resurface involuntarily in their lives and cause continued grief and anguish.
Online and Hybrid Student Engagement
Authors: Rodgers Devery J. , Brito Alvaro
Published: April 2022

Virtual hybrid education is challenging for the average educator and less known with the additional stresses of emergency remote education. In most cases, educators rely on trial-and-error to determine what works best in online and hybrid instruction. Through this applied research, two education technology specialists engage in a duoethnography of their support over the 2020-2021 pandemic year. Having assisted hundreds of educators in an urban K12 school district with online and hybrid engagement practices, this study answers the question, “How can technology help facilitate student engagement in online and hybrid environments?” This chapter is built from narrative analysis and provides research-based and practitioner-focused promising practice techniques and real-world solutions to educators in building and maintaining a positive digital culture.
Effective Methods of Teaching Asynchronous Classes
Authors: Namada Juliana M.
Published: April 2022

Asynchronous e-learning has been popularized by the onset and rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is because this approach of e-learning speaks to social distancing which is a key element in controlling the spread of the coronavirus. This chapter starts by defining asynchronous e-learning and contrasting it with the synchronous approach. It progresses into identifying and discussing different digital tools used in asynchronous e-learning among them threaded discussion forums, recorded live events, documented cases, emails, blogs, wikis, and reflective journals. The chapter describes interactive, mediated, active, and collaborative learning as some of the key strategies used in asynchronous e-learning. It proceeds to explain the principles used in the development of asynchronous content together with highlighting best practice in effective asynchronous teaching. The chapter ends by identifying some of the key challenges associated with asynchronous e-learning and suggests mitigation strategies for dealing with the challenges.
An Investigation of Pre-Service Teachers' Self-Regulated Learning Levels in Terms of Various Variables
Authors: Orakcı Şenol , Durnali Mehmet
Published: April 2022

Online education is one of the most dynamic and enriched forms of learning available today. The aim of the present study is to reveal the self-regulated learning levels of pre-service teacher and to determine whether these levels change in terms of their gender and class. The sample of the study consists of Aksaray University Educational Sciences Department students who received online education due to the COVID-19 global epidemic in the 2020-2021 academic year. The data of the study were collected with the “Self-Regulation in Self-Paced Open and Distance Learning Environments Scale.” The first result of the study revealed that the self-regulated learning levels of the participants were close to medium. The self-regulation scores of male students receiving online education at university were also found to be significantly higher than the scores of female students. The final result obtained from the research is the existence of a significant difference between grade level and self-regulated learning skills.
Multi-Tiered Systems of Support in the Virtual Environment
Authors: Emma Faylyn R.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to explain multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS), the process required to implement school change efforts, and how MTSS differs in the virtual environment. The chapter includes a history of legislation leading to the development of MTSS framework and recent legislative changes surrounding school improvement. The components and responsibilities within each level of education related to MTSS are examined through a hierarchy with a discussion of barriers and aspects specific to virtual schools. The chapter also incorporates necessary actions within each stage of implementation and examples of programs that have been used to improve student outcomes at each school level.
Smart Contract
Authors: Cerrato Stefano A.
Published: April 2022

A smart contract is a technology that allows the creation of a negotiation process capable of running independently, without human intervention. This chapter intends to frame the figure of the “smart contract” from a legal point of view. It shows that the smart contract is an advanced tool in the context of a contractual relationship. The possibility of making a smart contract “the contract” in a legal meaning opens up scenarios which have hitherto been unexplored for contract law. It is still difficult to determine to what extent current rules are adequate to govern this phenomenon. The chapter will therefore conclude with a review of the strengths and weaknesses of the smart contract technology and with some suggestions for a future smart contract law.
Open Banking and Privacy
Authors: Marasà Flaminia
Published: April 2022

Payment services user's personal data processing between European Directive no. 2015/2366/EU on electronic payment services (PSD2) and Regulation no. 679/2016 on the processing of personal data of natural persons (GDPR). This chapter focuses on the interference and possible conflicts between digital payments and personal data protection and processing rules, identifying and addressing certain issues. In particular, the work analyses and discusses three themes: 1) the role played by banking intermediaries (PSPs) and new payment service providers (third party providers – TPPs) and their involvement in the digital payments, 2) the cases where the PSPs and TPPs can lawfully use personal data and the limits imposed on them by both regulations to the processing of data of payment service users in order to verify whether the combined provisions of these pieces of legislation effectively achieve greater protection for payment service users, 3) the issue of unlawful use of personal data and the distribution of responsibilities and liabilities between intermediaries.
Ecclesiastical Laws and Digital Publishing
Authors: Gravino Federico
Published: April 2022

Technological evolution has redefined spaces and methods of communication also within the Catholic Church. The speed of information exchange, the possibility of reaching a large number of recipients, and the absence of costs represent the advantages of online communication. The diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT) involved also the publication of canon laws and it asks about the possibility of using the internet as a way of promulgating the law. The characteristics of the network make it possible to know the text faster than the printed one and its diffusion does not meet space limits, since the published norm reaches every territory, thus becoming binding. The restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have further favored the spread of instruments of digital communication. In this perspective, online promulgation could constitute a solution to the limits of canonical legislative governance, allowing the diffusion of legal texts, the relative knowledge, and obligation.
The Border
Authors: Martini Elvira , De Luca Picione Raffaele , Ciaschi Antonio
Published: April 2022

The global phenomena of our current time requires us to reflect on the nature of borders, as one of the main human devices to organize experience in sociological, psychological, cultural, and geographic terms. With the expansion of capitalism and the globalization processes, there has been an intense phenomenon of intersections and ‘insemination' between different cultural forms and previously separate. The advent and widespread diffusion of ICT contributes and accelerates transformations. Therefore, the distance no longer seems to matter much, and space has ceased to be an obstacle. Paradoxically, in this intensification of contacts and displacements, it happens that the borders, rather than being zeroed out, undergo a multiplication. Therefore, borders raise many issues and concerns. Beyond a simplistic view of separation of an ‘inside' and an ‘outside', borders are always both limen (threshold) and limes (demarcation); they ‘write' our personal and social space; it is that line along which two people can touch (cum-finis), allowing to define an identity and/or differentiate it.
Reform-Based Mathematics Teaching Practices in Teacher Education Research Across the Globe
Authors: Morrissey Susie , Kartal Ozgul , Popovic Gorjana
Published: April 2022

In accordance with views of reform-based mathematics teaching from across the globe, the authors reviewed a decade of research published in the International Group-Psychology of Mathematics Education (IG-PME) conference proceedings on reform teaching practices for mathematics pre-service teachers. Six salient practices were identified in the decade of research: lesson planning, noticing, representations, problem solving and posing, discourse and assessment. The authors found that the beneficial practices of lesson analysis, student work analysis, allowing creativity, discussion, reflection, and piloting assessments promoted reform-based practices. Further research and emphases are needed on preservice teachers' abilities to make decisions based on student thinking, understand the importance of linking multiple representations, and require explanations from students. Recommendations for broadening the research are included.
A Holistic Approach to Teaching the Process of Problem Solving
Authors: London Robert (Bob) H.
Published: April 2022

This chapter concerns an approach to teaching mathematics that facilitates the student seeing the connection between the process of solving nonroutine mathematics problems and solving significant problems in the student's life. In this chapter, the author will define a nonroutine problem; discuss the concept of a curriculum of nonroutine problems; discuss a few examples of nonroutine problems, including some that facilitate the student seeing the connection between the process of solving nonroutine mathematics problems and solving significant problems in the student's life; and suggest guidelines for implementing a curriculum of nonroutine problems consistent with improving the Common Core Mathematical Practices and the concept of reform-based mathematics education.
Shifting Preservice Teachers' Sources of Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Through Scaffolded Reflection
Authors: Krejci Brooke , Joram Elana , Gabriele Anthony J.
Published: April 2022

Efforts to promote reform-based mathematics instruction in schools are pervasive, yet many teachers continue to use more traditional, procedural methods. In this chapter, the authors suggest that to achieve sustained adoption of reform-based instruction in mathematics, it is essential for professional development programs to draw teachers' attention to sources of mathematics teaching efficacy afforded by reform-based teaching, such as enhanced student thinking. Educator preparation programs are ideal settings in which to begin this process, and the authors describe how scaffolded reflection activities within a mathematics methods course were used to focus preservice teachers' attention on sources of mathematics teaching efficacy that are congruent with reform-based mathematics instruction. The authors suggest that engendering such a shift in the sources for mathematics teaching efficacy may lead to more widespread and sustained use of reform-based teaching methods by preservice teachers in their future practice.
Supporting Pre-Service Teachers' Argumentation-Focused Visions of Mathematics Teaching and Learning in a Teacher Preparation Program
Authors: Magiera Marta T. , Zambak Vecihi S. , Park Hyejin
Published: April 2022

This chapter describes the design of integrated learning spaces (ILS) for prospective teachers (PSTs) to support PSTs' learning about reform-based teaching by helping them experience, think about, understand, and position mathematical argumentation in their future classrooms. Drawing on a longitudinal research program that explored PSTs' learning about argumentation in elementary and middle school mathematics, the authors discuss the design of ILS in the context of mathematics and pedagogy with field experience courses in a teacher education program. The authors also share the visions of mathematical argumentation as a teaching-learning practice that PSTs developed in the ILS context. Finally, this chapter poses questions for future research that might explore design principles for creating effective ILS in teacher education programs and examine how PSTs' learning in the ILS context supports their content and pedagogical knowledge development. This chapter also poses questions about ongoing support that future teachers might need to implement and sustain instructional reform.
Using the Five Practices to Promote Active and Equitable Learning Environments
Authors: Nabb Keith A.
Published: April 2022

Research has shown that active learning can result in knowledge gains for mathematics students at all levels. Even so, establishing and maintaining active learning environments can be challenging for teachers. This chapter focuses on the planning, teaching, and learning of a specific student-centered framework—the five practices for orchestrating productive mathematics discussions. Classroom examples will be selected from a variety of different mathematics courses, highlighting the implementation of the five practices. Foci will include the monitoring, selecting, sequencing, and connecting of student work and how teacher intentionality—through the facilitation of meaningful dialogue—can result in more equitable learning environments for all students.
Internet Marketing
Authors: Domazet Ivana S. , Lazarević-Moravčević Marija
Published: April 2022

This chapter aims to analyze the presence of modern technology solutions in the marketing communication of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Serbia. The chapter points out the role of information and communication technology in business improvement and identifies certain issues faced by the SME sector in Serbia, which, among other things, hinder the implementation of modern communication forms. The chapter examines the representation of modern approaches in the marketing communication of SMEs in Serbia and in the form of proposals offers certain solutions for their more effective and efficient implementation. The findings presented in this chapter can contribute to improved SME marketing communication practices and accelerate the transformation of their business from a physical to an online environment.
Social Media Reputation, Corporate Reputation
Authors: Meral Kevser Zeynep
Published: April 2022

Corporates create and protect their corporate reputation and identities through social media. At the same time, they use internal (like meeting with zoom) and external communication methods via social media along with marketing through social media. However, they face the risk of destroying their corporate reputation via social media. Social media and social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc. have become essential communication tools with the customers and affect corporates' reputation as well. This study aims to explain the role and risks of social media on the corporate reputations via literature review. Results show that institutions need to know how to use social media tools very well in order to create and protect their reputation. Corporates need managers and social media specialists who know how to use social media and how to avoid the potential risks of social media.
Task Modelling of Sports Events for Personalized Video Streaming Data in Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Zheng Lei , Jia Zhiqiang , Guan Hui , Ma Liang , Chandran Karthik , Thilak K. Deepa
Published: April 2022

Augmentative and alternative messaging systems will allow people to speak to improve sports skills and increase engagement and participation in everyday activities. It is an effective tool that can provide people with more control over contact and minimize dissatisfaction. Augmentative and alternative communication's challenging characteristics include lack of sports learning, social interaction, and lack of participation in sports events. In this paper, video-based augmentative communication design (V-BACD) has been proposed to enhance sports learning, facilitate social interaction, and increase society's participation in communication partners. The communication matrix coding technique is implemented to improve sports knowledge and encourage social contact between partners. Community temporal analysis is introduced to strengthen society engagement in the communication partner in an event. The simulation analysis is performed based on accuracy, performance, and efficiency and proves the proposed framework's reliability.