bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1793–1795
Authors: Gill Stephen
Published: November 2023

On 21 January 1793 Louis XVI was guillotined in Paris. Eight days later two poems were published in London, An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches, ‘By W. Wordsworth, B.A. of St. John’s, Cambridge’. To bring these two events together may seem factitious, but it will serve to underline what was most important in Wordsworth’s life at that time. For him, George Eliot’s observation that ‘there is no private life which has not been determined by a wider public life’ was a fact of bitter experience. At every point he was under pressure from events which were beyond his control, grand happenings on the world stage which made his own anxieties seem both insignificant by contrast and yet also more intense.
Is the scientific paper a fraud?
Authors: Medawar Peter
Published: November 2023

I have chosen for my title a question: Is the scientific paper a fraud? I ought to explain that a scientific ‘paper’ is a printed communication to a learned journal, and scientists make their work known almost wholly through papers and not through books, so papers are very important in scientific communication. As to what I mean by asking ‘is the scientific paper a fraud?’-I do not of course mean ‘does the scientific paper misrepresent facts’, and I do not mean that the interpretations you find in a scientific paper are wrong or deliberately mistaken. I mean the scientific paper may be a fraud because it misrepresents the processes of thought that accompanied or gave rise to the work that is de scribed in the paper. That is the question, and I will say right away that my answer to it is ‘yes’. The scientific paper in its orthodox form does embody a totally mistaken conception, even a travesty, of the nature of scientific thought.
Cloning People
Authors: Putnam Hilary
Published: November 2023

When Ian Wilmut and his co-workers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh announced early in I 997 that a sheep ‘Dolly’ had been successfully cloned, there was an amazing spontaneous reaction. People all around the world felt that something morally problematic was threatening to happen. I say ‘threatening to happen’, because most of the concern centres not on the cloning of sheep, guinea pigs, etc., but on the likelihood that sooner or later someone will clone a human being. And I say ‘spontaneous reaction’ because this is probably not a case in which a moral principle that had been formulated either by traditional ethical sources, religious or secular, was clearly violated or would be violated if we succeeded in cloning people, or someone would be deprived (if the feared possibility materializes) of what is already recognized to be a human right.
Bad Genetic Luck and Health Insurance
Authors: Burley Justine
Published: November 2023

Professor Knoppers locates three sources of public concern over access to genetic information: the potential for discriminatory uses of such information by insurers and employers; the fear that genetic-based discrimination will affect individuals’ decision-making about health; and the implications of disclosure of genetic information for privacy and confidentiality in various domains including that of the family. Professor Knoppers covers much difficult ground and offers, in the process, many insights into the problems we are facing as well as sensible solutions to them. My own discussion will be limited to an exploration of a view suggested by Knoppers’s proposals for how the use of genetic information in the insurance market should be constrained.
Kansas City Jazz
Authors: Driggs Frank , Haddix Chuck
Published: November 2023

There were but four major galaxies in the early jazz universe, and three of them--New Orleans, Chicago, and New York--have been well documented in print. But there has never been a serious history of the fourth, Kansas City, until now. In this colorful history, Frank Driggs and Chuck Haddix range from ragtime to bebop and from Bennie Moten to Charlie Parker to capture the golden age of Kansas City jazz. Readers will find a colorful portrait of old Kaycee itself, back then a neon riot of bars, gambling dens and taxi dance halls, all ruled over by Boss Tom Pendergast, who had transformed a dusty cowtown into the Paris of the Plains. We see how this wide-open, gin-soaked town gave birth to a music that was more basic and more viscerally exciting than other styles of jazz, its singers belting out a rough-and-tumble urban style of blues, its piano players pounding out a style later known as “boogie-woogie. “ We visit the great landmarks, like the Reno Club, the “Biggest Little Club in the World, “ where Lester Young and Count Basie made jazz history, and Charlie Parker began his musical education in the alley out back. And of course the authors illuminate the lives of the great musicians who made Kansas City swing, with colorful profiles of jazz figures such as Mary Lou Williams, Big Joe Turner, Jimmy Rushing, and Andy Kirk and his “Clouds of Joy. “ Here is the definitive account of the raw, hard-driving style that put Kansas City on the musical map. It is a must read for everyone who loves jazz or American music history.
Until the Real Thing Comes Along
Authors: Driggs Frank , Haddix Chuck
Published: November 2023

Following Bennie Moten’S Death, his nephew Bus attempted, in vain, to keep the band going under Bennie’s name. In mid-April 1935, the Bennie Moten Orchestra, directed by Bus Moten, opened at the Cocoanut Grove, a spacious nightclub sporting a Hawaiian theme complete with palm trees and dancers decked out as hula girls. Located at the busy intersection of 27th and Troost Avenue, the Cocoanut Grove had only recently opened its doors to African American patronage. Basie left the band during the second week of the engagement, as he felt “with Bennie Moten himself gone, it just wasn’t the same anymore. “1 Count Basie got along well with Bus and left on good terms, but other band members found Bus to be overbearing, an unwelcome change from Bennie’s laid-back leadership. “He’d [Bus] holler at the boys ‘cause somebody’d make a note wrong or somebody’d be late, “ Buster Smith declared. “He’d fuss and raise sin. Bennie was a fine skillful [leader]; he was very cooperative. Know how to talk to you, never would get mad whatever you did. He was a good fella. “2 Bus managed to keep a semblance of the original band going under Bennie’s name for the next year, but one by one, key members deserted until it became the Bennie Moten band in name only. Finally Bus could no longer financially sustain the big band, so he disbanded it and formed a small combo with George E. Lee.
Depression Children and War Babies
Authors: Tuttle William M
Published: November 2023

War was on The Mind s of the homefront children. “I was born September 3, 1939,” wrote one girl. “Some date, right?” Germany had just invaded Poland, thus triggering the Second World War. “For me,” she continued, “there was always War until I was six years old.” But the effects of the war were variable, depending upon numerous factors, one of the most important being chronological age. Clearly, children’s perceptions of what the war was varied from one age to the next.
Thought Without Representation
Authors: Perry John
Published: November 2023

I see a cup of coffee in front of me. I reach out, pick it up, and drink from it. I must then have learned how far the cup was from me, and in what direction, for it is the position of the cup relative to me, and not its absolute position, that determines how I need to move my arm. But how can this be? I am not in the field of vision: no component of my visual experience is a perception of me. How then can this experience provide me with information about how objects are related to me?
Combustion Species Detection by Resonance-Enhanced Ionization
Authors: Cool Terrill A
Published: November 2023

Methods for efficient, controlled combustion, without contamination of the environment from harmful by-products, are urgently needed to meet increasing demands for energy and for the safe disposal of hazardous wastes. In the past several years laser-based diagnostic methods have been under development for in situ detection and monitoring of flame species. Such laser-based methods are used in studies of combustion reaction mechanisms in laboratory flames to supplement information gained by direct sampling and mass spectrometric species detection.
Kant‘s Transcendental Psychology
Authors: Kitcher Patricia
Published: November 2023

Based on a series of published essays, this book presents a clear account of Kant's views about the capacities a thinking subject must have to be capable of thought. This aspect of Kant's philosophy has been largely ignored by twentieth-century writers. From Kant's analysis of the necessary capacities for thought, Kitcher derives a new interpretation of the structure for the deduction of categories in The Critique of Pure Reason. She defends Kant's belief in the necessity of concepts that occur across all our thinking. She goes on to illuminate the problem of thinking itself, elucidating the uniquely useful set of starting assumptions about what thinking really involves, which are to be found in Kant's work.
Rape, Murder, and Revenge in “Slavery’s Pleasant Homes”: Lydia Maria Child’s Antislavery Fiction and the Limits of Genre
Authors: Karcher Carolyn L
Published: November 2023

I could not write the story as he told it. If I were to use the English tongue with the nervous strength that he did, when he told the bitterest portion of his tale, all the women in the land would tear the pages out of the fair volume; yet, alas! if we but knew it, when we mention the word Slavery, we sum up all possible indecencies as well as all possible villainies. In the cover of its consonants and vowels lie hid all manner of evils, that woman dare not name, even though to name were to avert them from half their sex. Caroline Healey Dall, “The Inalienable Love” (1858).
Relic, Fetish, Femmage: The Aesthetics of Sentiment in the Work of Stowe
Authors: Wardley Lynn
Published: November 2023

When, in the middle of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Ophelia steps into Dinah’s kitchen, she enters the “Chaos and Old Night” of the plantation household, evidenced in the famous catalogue of Dinah’s accumulations. “The more drawers and closets there were” in the St. Clare pantry, “the more hiding holes Dinah could make for the accommodation of old rags, hair combs, ribbons, cast-off artificial flowers, and other articles of vertu wherein her soul delighted” (I. 298-299). The revelation of the cook’s pomade stored in a gilded china dish further alarms the guest from Vermont, for whom such an unpalatable mix as Dinah’s “har grease” in her “mistress’s best saucers” be speaks only the jumble of the savage mind (I. 300). Ophelia determines that Old Dinah is hopelessly “shif’less” and that Dinah’s mistress, the indolent aristocrat Marie St. Clare, is criminally helpless, and here the New England spinster’s “reformatory tour” begins in earnest (I. 298).
Alternative Control Strategies
Authors: Gold Roger E
Published: November 2023

The control of any organism, including the German cockroach is dependent on the elimination, modification, or contamination of one or more of their requisites for life. Included in these requisites are food, water, air, others of the same species (reproductive unit), and favorable environment in terms of temperature and other factors. This environment would include adequate harborage, favorable temperatures and humidities, the lack of pathogenic disease, parasites and predators, and limited competing species. Theoretically, provided with enough space and ample resources, a group of German cockroaches could experience unrestricted population growth. The converse of this hypothesis is that if requisites can be diminished or altered, the population potential of the species could be reduced or taken to such very low levels they would not be considered a pest. While this concept is valid, the German cockroach has proven to be a formidable foe due to its behavioral and physiological adaptability, reproductive potential and, consequently, ubiquitous distribution throughout the world. Even with the advent and promotion of Integrated Pest Management (1PM) programs for German cockroaches, we have generally relied on the use of pesticides, including insect growth regulators (IGRs), as the key direct control technology in these 1PM programs. There has, however, been a great deal of scientific and observational work done on the management of cockroach populations with non-chemical methods. Often these approaches are termed alternative or indirect control measures, and include many of the mechanical or physical processes associated with sanitation and habitat modification. This chapter will emphasize research done with the alternative methods, which generally are used most effectively within the context of an overall management program which includes pesticides, rather than specifically excluding pesticide use.
Sperm Washing
Authors: Mortimer David
Published: November 2023

To be potentially functional ejaculate spermatozoa must be separated from seminal plasma quickly and efficiently. Prolonged exposure to seminal plasma results in marked declines in both sperm motility and vitality, which is not the case if spermatozoa are incubated for comparable periods in synthetic culture medium free of seminal plasma contamination. By virtue of constituents that inhibit or reverse capacitation, the presence of seminal plasma in in vitro fertilization systems inhibits the occurrence of acrosome reactions and hence the fertilizing ability of the spermatozoa.
Nietzsche’s Gay Science, Or, How to Naturalize Cheerfully
Authors: Schacht Richard
Published: November 2023

For one interested in Nietzsche as philosopher, Die Frohliche Wissenschaft (The Gay Science) is without question one of his finest, most illuminating, and most important published works. In the four “books” in which this work originally consisted, and the fifth added five years later, continuing the project begun in the first four, we have much more than the disjointed collection of reflections and aphorisms which it may at first glance appear to be. In this work Nietzsche the philosopher emerges with greater clarity than in any of his previous works, revealing a great deal about the issues in which he was interested, and how and what he thought about them. In style and format it is similar to the series of volumes of such collections preceding it, to which he stated in the original edition that it belongs.
Determinate Answers Under General Statutory and Constitutional Standards and Principles of Common Law
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: November 2023

Chapter 3 has established that the nonapplication or application of specific statutory rules is often determinate. Many answers to questions about those rules are objectively correct in the sense of being understood to be correct by virtually all lawyers and others familiar with the law and of not being subject to a powerful contrary argument that is consonant with the premises of the legal system. I now examine standards whose general language does not yield answers so straightforwardly or whose own status may be subject to challenge. If the application of such standards is invariably indeterminate, that will sharply limit the practical significance of what I have shown thus far. I first treat broad statutory and constitutional standards, and then briefly discuss the force of common law standards.

Applications of legal rules are subject to traditional privileges and excuses and to constitutional challenges. A narrow rule like the leashing requirement will finally apply against Olive only if any claims by her on those bases fail. If the answer to those claims is always indeterminate, we could never conclude that application of the ordinance is determinate.
Fairness in Classification
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores a different sense in which the law as it affects people might be considered “objective.” A legal category may be said to be “objective,” rather than arbitrary or unfair. Laws and practices are often regarded as arbitrary or unfair because of the way in which they affect different groups. Of course, every classification treats some groups differently from others: a law against murder treats the group of people who intentionally kill other people worse than the group that does not kill people. But what is objected to as unfair or arbitrary is when the law’s unfavorable treatment of a group has no significant relation to a proper purpose of the legal classification. I shall concentrate on laws or practices that treat women or blacks differently from men or whites respectively. I shall ask first whether overt classification in such terms can be defended and then inquire whether laws not drawn in such terms may be condemned because of their differential effects.
Correct Answers to Legal Questions
Authors: Greenawalt Kent
Published: November 2023

This final chapter revisits the subject of the first part of the book, discussing the possibility of determinate, correct answers to legal questions. Part I treated as correct an answer on which virtually all lawyers and others familiar with the law would agree, and against which there was no powerful normative argument consonant with the legal system. Subsequent chapters have developed the nature of legal standards and of legal reasoning, and how these relate within the law to broader standards and forms of reasoning. These chapters have provided a fuller picture of what lawyers consider when they seek to answer legal questions, and they begin to suggest the many respects in which the views of lawyers diverge about the answers to hard legal questions. These chapters did not, how ver, weaken the fundamental conclusions of Part I: namely, that for many legal questions a single answer is agreed upon by lawyers and that for other legal questions such agreement is lacking. According to the perspective of Part I, we can say that many legal questions have determinate answers and others do not.
Their Fathers’ Daughters: An Introduction
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Neither Hannah More or Maria Edgeworth is anthologized in a recent collection entitled First Feminists: British Women Writers 1578-1799, edited by Moira Ferguson, although More is indirectly represented. As patron to the working-class poet Ann Yearsley (sometimes called the Bristol Milkwoman), whose picture graces the cover of the collection, More is evoked as an “establishment” figure. Indeed, all published accounts suggest More treated Years­ ley badly: she was both condescending and vituperative toward Yearsley as soon as the “Milkwoman” began to assert her independence from More’s control. Here, for example, is More’s response to Yearsley’s attempts to manage the money resulting from the publication of her poems.
Irving Berlin
Authors: Hamm Charles
Published: November 2023

Irving Berlin remains a central figure in American music, a lyricist/composer whose songs are loved all over the world. His first piece, `Marie from Sunny Italy’, was written in 1907, and his `Alexander’s Ragtime Band’ attracted more public and media attention than any other song of its decade. In later years Berlin wrote such classics as `God Bless America’, `Blue Skies’, ‘Always’, ‘Cheek to Cheek’, and the holiday favourites ‘White Christmas’ and ‘Easter Parade’. Jerome Kern, his fellow songwriter, commented that ‘Irving Berlin is American music.’ In Irving Berlin: The Formative Years, Charles Hamm traces the early years of this most famous and distinctive American songwriter. Beginning with Berlin’s immigrant roots - he came to New York in 1893 from Russia - Hamm shows how the young Berlin quickly revealed the talent for music and lyrics that was to mark his entire career. Berlin first wrote for the vaudeville stage, turning out songs that drew on the various ethnic cultures of the city. These pieces, with their Jewish, Italian, German, Irish, and Black protagonists singing in appropriate dialects, reflected the urban mix of New York’s melting pot. Berlin drew on various musical styles, especially ragtime, for such songs as ‘Alexander’s Ragtime Band’, and Hamm devotes an entire chapter to the song and its success. The book also details Berlin’s early efforts to write for the Broadway musical stage, culminating in 1914 with his first musical comedy, Watch Your Step, featuring the popular dance team, Vernon and Irene Castle. A great hit on Broadway and in London, the show was a key piece in the Americanization of the musical comedy. Blessed with prodigious ambition and energy, Berlin wrote at least 4 or 5 new songs a week, many of which were discarded. He nevertheless published 190 songs between 1907 and 1914, an astonishing number considering that when Berlin arrived in America, he knew not a single word of English. As one writer reported, ‘there is scarcely a waking moment when Berlin is not engaged either in teaching his songs to a vaudeville player, or composing new ones.’ Early in his career, Irving Berlin brilliantly exploited the musical trends and influences of the day. Hamm shows how Berlin emerged from the vital and complex social and cultural scene of New York to begin his rise as America’s foremost songwriter.
New Adversaries
Authors: Richelson Jeffrey T
Published: November 2023

Even before World War II was concluded signs of division began to appear among the Allies. At the February 1945 Yalta conference the Allies dis cussed their differing visions for a postwar Polish government. At the July 1945 Potsdam conference the United States resisted Soviet pressure to recognize the Soviet-installed governments of Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria.
Growth and Fecundity
Authors: Quinn II Terrance J , Deriso Richard B
Published: November 2023

The process of how an individual changes over time in length, weight, age, and reproductive characteristics is rooted in physiological processes far beyond the scope of this book. An individual obtains energy from food, and that energy may be converted into growth, reproductive development, or activity. According to von Bertalanffy (1938), growth is the net result of two opposing processes, catabolism and anabolism. Anabolic processes involve the synthesis of protein, while catabolic processes degrade it. As outlined by Pauly (1981), catabolism occurs in all living cells and results in breaking down body substances; it is therefore proportional to the mass and weight of an individual. Anabolism is the process of building up body substances and is proportional to respiratory rate. Respiratory rate, in tum, is usually proportional to surface area. Such general principles lead to differential equations for growth processes that are generally applicable to several species, including fish.
Catch-age and Age-structured Assessment Methods
Authors: Quinn II Terrance J , Deriso Richard B
Published: November 2023

Age composition is an increasingly important source of information for understanding fish population dynamics. By obtaining length, weight, and age information, it is possible to follow year-classes through time to understand growth (see chapter 4), to monitor population changes over time, and, most importantly, to obtain age-and sex-specific estimates of population parameters. Age information can be used from commercial and sport fisheries and from surveys. Methodology for aging is described by Chilton and Beamish (1982) and by Summerfelt and Hall (1987); the latter includes a review of common methods (Beamish and McFarlane 1987). Richards et al. (1992) derived statistical models for aging error, which can be used to quantify the precision and accuracy of aging, as well as to estimate ages from a sample of fish. Practical aspects of sampling design, including logistics, port sampling, and randomness of sampling, beyond that covered in this chapter, are discussed in the volume edited by Doubleday and Rivard (1983) and for Pacific halibut by Quinn et al. (1983a).
Editorial Privilege: Mary Shelley and Percy Shelley’s Audiences
Authors: Wolfson Susan J
Published: November 2023

In assembling her husband’s works—Posthumous Poems in 1824, and in 1839 two editions of Poetical Works and one of essays and letterss—Mary Shelley conceived of two classes of readers. The first, as she names it in the Preface of 1839, was “the world” to whom she would give “the productions of a sublime genius … with all the correctness possible.”1 With this “perfect edition”s—the “first stone of a monument due to Shelley’s genius, his sufferings, and his virtues” (xvi)s—she hoped to diminish the aura of his unintelligibility, quell the controversies over his conduct and political opinions, and solicit the favor of “any one newly introduced” (viii). In this editorial capacity, she acts as mediator, of fering herself as a model of perfect sympathy for and understanding of the poet. Yet simultaneously and more subtly, she was representing herself as the synecdoche of another kind of audience and with a somewhat contradictory agenda. Motivated by the charges—self-generated as well as held by some of their friendss—of her having failed the poet spiritually and emotionally in his last years, the editor, in view of “the public” whom she purports to serve, displays herself in a position of unique, and at times hermetic, readerly privilege: a singular Shelleyan audience, the intimate who is the poet’s ideal, best reader. This gesture of discriminating two audiences-popular and elite-is not particular to Mary Shelley’s volumes, of course; its double view reflects conflicting Romantic attitudes about the social role and potency of poetry: To whom does a poet speak? How is he heard?
Mary Shelley and the Taming of the Byronic Hero: “Transformation” and The Deformed Transformed
Authors: Cantor Paul A
Published: November 2023

Having long been viewed as peripheral to the study of Romanticism, Franken stein has been moved to the center. Critics originally tried to assimilate Mary Shelley’s novel to patterns already familiar from Romantic poetry. But more recent studies of Frankenstein have led critics to rethink Romanticism in light of Mary Shelley’s contribution. Gradually emerging from the shadow of her husband, she is increasingly being recognized as a distinct voice within Romanticism, a distinctly feminine voice within what seems to be a male-dominated movement.1 The trend of recent studies of Frankenstein has been to view it as a critique of Romanticism, particularly as developed in Percy Shelley’s poetry. Critics have argued that Frankenstein is a protest against Romantic titanism, against the masculine aggressiveness that lies concealed beneath the dreams of Romantic idealism. They characterize Victor Frankenstein as a man claiming to be acting for the benefit of humanity but in his egotism only succeeding in destroying himself and all those he loves.2 As a story focusing on an aggressively male attempt to displace the female from her role as creator and nourisher of human life, Frankenstein embodies on several levels Shelley’s distinctive concerns as a woman in the early nineteenth century. Above all, the novel can be viewed as a protest in the name of domesticity against the destructive effects of the Romantic heroic ideal.
Introduction
Authors: Temkin Larry S
Published: November 2023

Equality has long been among the most potent of human ideals, and it continues to play a prominent role in political argument. Views about equality inform much of the debate about such wide-ranging issues as racism, sexism, obligations to the poor or handicapped, relations between developed and underdeveloped countries, and the justification of competing political, economic, and ideological systems.

Most philosophical discussions of equality have focused on two questions: Is equality really desirable? And what kind of equality should we seek-that is, insofar as we are egalitarians, should we want equality of opportunity, primary goods, need satisfaction, welfare, or what? These are important questions. But I shall be asking a third question. When is one situation worse than another regarding inequality?

There are two reasons for addressing this question. First, it can be of little practical consequence that one regards inequality as bad-as many do1-unless one is generally able to determine if one situation’s inequality is worse than another’s. Second, and more fundamental, I believe it is only by addressing this question that one can begin to understand the nature and complexity of the notion of inequality. It is toward that end this book is written.
Averages, Individuals, or Groups: What Should an Egalitarian Focus On?
Authors: Temkin Larry S
Published: November 2023

This chapter is divided into two main parts. In part 1, I consider an Average Principle of equality and a Proportional Average Principle of equality. In part 2, I closely examine the relative to the best-off person view of complaints (BOP). Both parts raise questions about the focus of egalitarian concern.
A Criticism of Egalitarianism Rejected
Authors: Temkin Larry S
Published: November 2023

The task of this book has been to understand our notion of inequality. I have tried to determine what the egalitarian cares about, and what factors are relevant to assessing situations regarding inequality. I have not argued one should be an egalitarian. Nor, till now, have I tried to defend egalitarianism against the claims of nonegalitarians. However in this chapter I want to address a position that, perhaps more than any other, underlies the reasoning of most nonegalitarians. It may also underlie the reasoning some are attracted to deontological or person-affecting versions of egalitarianism. As we shall see, I believe the position has enormous appeal, and influences thinking about many topics besides inequality. I also think the position can be effectively challenged in ways that cast doubt on many positions and have significant implications for our understanding of the good.
Reply to David Wiggins
Authors: Railton Peter
Published: November 2023

I hope in this reply briefly to explore some differences and similarities in the views of David Wiggins and myself, and, in so doing, to locate the sort of naturalism I am exploring more clearly on the philosophical landscape.

Wiggins takes the fact that I ‘disjoin and/or conjoin’ the labels ‘naturalism’ and ‘cognitivism’ to be evidence that I think the two views coincide. I would not ordinarily expect disjoining and conjoining to give this impression, so I certainly join Wiggins in insisting that they are distinct.
A Continuation of Sir Philip Sidney’s Arcadia
Authors: Weamys Anna
Published: November 2023

Anne Weamys’s Arcadia is a woman’s own contribution to one of the dominant genres of her sex’s readership in the seventeenth century: the heroic romance. Part of the considerable power and appeal of this work is its reduction of the heroic romance to a smaller scale. In its shorter length and its comparatively direct style, it avoids the fustian and bloat of the form. At the same time, it elaborates on the genre’s stronger points—its playfulness and fantasy, its explorations of the nuances of sensibility—while not sacrificing its capacity for political statement. Arcadia is an interesting and accessible story that can be read in a single sitting.
Mechanical Procedures and Mathematical Experience
Authors: Sieg Wilfried
Published: November 2023

Wittgenstein’s terse remark1 captures the feature of Alan Turing’s analysis of calculability that makes it epistemologically relevant. Focusing on the epistemology of mathematics, I will contrast this feature with two striking aspects of mathematical experience implicit in repeated remarks of Kurt Gödel. The first, the conceptional aspect, is connected to the notion of mechanical computability through his assertion that “with this concept one has for the first time succeeded in giving an absolute definition of an interesting epistemological notion”; the second, the quasi-constructive one, is related to axiomatic set theory through his claim that its axioms “can be supplemented without arbitrariness by new axioms which are only the natural continuation of the series of those set up so far.” Gödel speculated on how the second aspect might give rise to a humanly effective procedure that cannot be mechanically calculated and thus provide a reason for his belief that the class of mental procedures is not exhausted by mechanical ones.
Hilbert’s Axiomatic Method and the Laws of Thought
Authors: Hallett Michael
Published: November 2023

The nature of thought was frequently appealed to in discussions of the foundations of mathematics and natural science towards the end of the nineteenth century, as were its capacities and, indeed, its laws. This very term was used, of course, by Boole as the title of the work that Russell called, with wicked humor, the first book ever written on pure mathematics (1901). Something like it also appears in the title of another well-known work, Frege’s Begriffsschrift of 1879, for recall that this is only an abbreviation for Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens, (Concept writing, aformal language for pure thinking modelled on arithmetic).
Black, White, and Blue
Authors: Collier James Lincoln
Published: November 2023

Of all areas in American life, the one in which the long-standing and fiercely defended barriers between black and white races began to break down was jazz. As far back as about 1908, when blacks could be lynched for talking to white women, the Streckfus river boat line initiated its entertainment policy with a group consisting of the black ,pianist Fate Marable and the white violinist Emile Flindt.1 Not long afterwards, a few light-skinned blacks, like Achille Baquet and Dave Perkins, at times worked in white bands. By 1920 or so when few whites would allow blacks to enter their homes except as servants, young white musicians were apprenticing themselves to black jazz players in San Franciscos vice district, Chicagos South Side, and elsewhere, and at times sitting in with black bands or joining blacks in jam sessions.
The Origins of Order
Authors: Kauffman Stuart A
Published: November 2023

Stuart Kauffman here presents a brilliant new paradigm for evolutionary biology, one that extends the basic concepts of Darwinian evolution to accommodate recent findings and perspectives from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics. The book drives to the heart of the exciting debate on the origins of life and maintenance of order in complex biological systems. It focuses on the concept of self-organization: the spontaneous emergence of order that is widely observed throughout nature Kauffman argues that self-organization plays an important role in the Darwinian process of natural selection. Yet until now no systematic effort has been made to incorporate the concept of self-organization into evolutionary theory. The construction requirements which permit complex systems to adapt are poorly understood, as is the extent to which selection itself can yield systems able to adapt more successfully. This book explores these themes. It shows how complex systems, contrary to expectations, can spontaneously exhibit stunning degrees of order, and how this order, in turn, is essential for understanding the emergence and development of life on Earth. Topics include the new biotechnology of applied molecular evolution, with its important implications for developing new drugs and vaccines; the balance between order and chaos observed in many naturally occurring systems; new insights concerning the predictive power of statistical mechanics in biology; and other major issues. Indeed, the approaches investigated here may prove to be the new center around which biological science itself will evolve. The work is written for all those interested in the cutting edge of research in the life sciences.
Differentiation: The Dynamical Behaviors of Genetic Regulatory Networks
Authors: Kauffman Stuart A
Published: November 2023

The aim of this chapter is to develop a framework for thinking about the integrated behavior of the genomic regulatory systems underlying ontogeny. In the preceding chapter, we examined the evidence showing that genes directly and indirectly regulate one another’s activity. In this chapter, we shall look in detail at such regulatory interactions.
The Female Thermometer
Authors: Castle Terry
Published: November 2023

And what, pray, asks a Shandean voice, is a Female Thermometer? The essayist Bonnell Thornton Till described this egregious device in The Connoisseur no. 85 (11 September 1754). Perfected by an “ingenious friend” Mr. Ayscough, the optician and scientific instrument-maker of Ludgate Hill, the “FEMALE THERMOMETER” Thornton wrote, was an invention for measuring “the exact temperature of a lady’s passions.” It consisted of a glass tube filled with a chemical mixture derived from distilled extracts oflady’s love and maiden hair and “wax of virgin-bees.” When acted on by “the circulation of the blood and animal spirits,” this liquor would invariably “rise and fall according to the desires and affections of the wearer.” Some ludicrous verse explained the principle: As the frail dame now love, now reason guides, The magic mixture rises or subsides.
Phantasmagoria and the Metaphorics of Modern Reverie
Authors: Castle Terry
Published: November 2023

What does it mean to speak of phantasmagoria? In his French & volution Thomas Carlyle, we find, obsessively figures the bloody spectacle of civil insurrection as a kind of spectral drama-a nightmarish magic-lantern show playing on without respite in the feverish, ghostly confines of the “Historical Imagination.” Witness, for example, his description of the storming of the Bastille, as seen through the eyes of the Jacobin leader Thuriot: “But outwards, behold, 0 Thuriot, how the multitude flows on, welling through every street: tocsin furiously pealing, all drums beating the genera: the Suburb Saint Antoine rolling hitherward wholly, as one man! Such vision (spectral yet real) thou, 0 Thuriot, as from thy Mount of Vision, beholdest in this moment: prophetic of what other Phantasmagories, and loud-gibbering Spectral Realities, which thou yet beholdest not, but shalt!”1 The same phantasmic imagery occurs again in the account of the September massacres.
Problems from Kant
Authors: Van Cleve James
Published: November 2023

In this work, James Van Cleve examines the main topics from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Among the topics discussed in detail are Kant's transcendental idealism, necessity and analyticity, space and time, substance and cause, noumena and things-in-themselves, problems of the self, and rational theology. In a concluding chapter, Van Cleve relates Kant's thought to modern anti-realist approaches, in particular, the work of Putnam and Dummett. The work's orientation toward specific problems, rather than toward entire passages or sections of the text, allows the study to proceed in a natural and non-mechanical fashion that should make Kant's Critique more accessible to the serious student and scholar.
Neuronal Organization of Circadian Systems
Authors: Fleissner Gerta , Fleissner Gunther
Published: November 2023

Circadian clock systems are composed of a central pacemaker, or master clock, that generates the subjective) time of the organism. In animals this master clock is located in the central nervous system. The endoge nous timing signal is conducted via nervous or hormonal pathvays to the periphery, where the central reference time is imprinted on different effector systems-for example, leading to circadian modulation of visual sensitivity, locomotor activity, blood pressure, and enzymatic activity. These rhythms may be “phase modulated” in different ways to enable the organism to adjust its sleep and activity to the most appropriate time of clay.
Old Possum and Brer Rabbit: Pound and Eliot’s Racial Masquerade
Authors: North Michael
Published: November 2023

When Ezra Pound first tagged T. S. Eliot with the nickname Possum, he no doubt meant to mock his friend’s caution and reserve, but he also used the name, which he had found in Joel Chandler Harris’s Uncle Remus, to turn Eliot’s timidity into a subversive mask. In acting out his nickname, Eliot was to mimic what Alain Locke once called the ‘“possum play’ of the Negro peasant,” to use the traditional strategy of the powerless, assuming a bland conformity that conceals an explosive charge, and in so doing become a milder, subtler version of the trickster from whom Pound had taken his own nickname, Brer Rabbit. Thus Pound used a strategy from the popular literature of his youth to create a mask for transatlantic modernism, behind which he and Eliot might mock the literary capital they hoped to conquer. Eliot accepted his nickname and, at least for a time, the insurrectionary role it implied, and he even introduced his own variations, offering at one point to play Uncle Tom to Pound’s Little Eva, at another point sending a postcard to Pound signed Tar Baby.
Practical Guilt
Authors: Greenspan P S
Published: November 2023

Greenspan argues that dilemmas may be regarded as possible consequences of a set of social rules designed to be simple enough to be teachable. Where these rules prohibit action either way, the problematic motivational force of dilemmas can be explained by reference to the role of emotion as a second-best substitute for action. Since, on the proposed account, emotions underpin the teachings of moral language, Greenspan shows how emotional capacities can affect the very content of morality by providing its motivational force.
Research involving women And members of minority groups
Authors: Brody Baruch A
Published: November 2023

In earlier chapters, we encountered a number of problems relating to the involvement of women in clinical research, but left them for later discussion. In discussing research on fetuses in utero in Chapter Five, we analyzed the ethical issues posed by research protocols involving pregnant women devoted to studying issues of fetal health. This left for later discussion the ethical issues posed by research protocols involving pregnant women devoted to studying their health issues. In Chapters Six and Seven, we identified as a crucial issue of justice in research the appropriate inclusion of various groups in clinical research so that they may share in the benefits as well as the burdens of research. That led us in Chapter Six to an extensive discussion of the need to include children and the mentally infirm in clinical research; left out were the ethical issues posed by the need to include women, whether they are or are not of childbearing potential, in clinical research. Finally, in our discussion in Chapter Eight of the ethical issues related to choosing research subjects in trials designed to secure regulatory approval for the use of new drugs/devices, we identified and evaluated from an ethical perspective two approaches to the inclusion of pediatric and geriatric subjects, the extrapolation approach and the starting with pediatric and geriatric subjects approach. We left for later discussion the ethical evaluation of the analogous approaches as they apply to women.
Introduction: The Philosophical Culture
Authors: Nagel Thomas
Published: November 2023

These essays were all written on request, so they don’t discuss all and only the philosophers I am most interested in, but the topics are those that have always occupied me: subjectivity and consciousness, objectivity and ethics, liberalism and reason. Even though there isn’t much about some parts of the philosophical mainstream—language, logic, general metaphysics—it all belongs to the common universe of argument that defines analytic philosophy: these subjects and the methods used in treating them cannot be isolated from one another. I’ve revised most of the pieces slightly for inclusion in this book and have in some cases added afterthoughts, particularly for the earlier ones. But I’ve included only things that I still think are mostly right, even after a couple of decades. My basic sympathies and antipathies—antireductionist and more c:r less realist—haven’t changed much.
Armstrong on the Mind
Authors: Nagel Thomas
Published: November 2023

Much of the recent materialist literature has defended a materialism of common sense: the view that identification of the mental and the physical requires no adjustment or alteration of our plain psychological concepts. It is held that materialism is not paradoxical and does not require us to abandon the ordinary conception of man. Armstrong’s weighty, lucid, and readable book carries the defense of this position considerably further than it has been taken before. It does this partly by improving and clarifying arguments that have already appeared elsewhere; partly by a number of original moves, some of them extremely penetrating; and partly by sheer bulk. I believe that the resulting philosophy of mind has certain defects inherent in the attempt to portray materialism as an undiscurbing doctrine. But let me outline the position before embarking on criticism.
The Bi Band, 1946-50
Authors: Shipton Alyn
Published: November 2023

Back from the West Coast and in New York once again, Dizzy’s medium-term objective was to try to form another big band and have a second attempt to transfer the new music to a bigger ensemble. First of all, however, he started work again with his sextet. The Three Deuces job was open for him to return to, but he chose instead to move to a relatively new venue called the Spotlite, a few doors away along 52nd Street.
Rubicon
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

Bob Marcucci and Peter De Angelis had a proven hit maker in Frankie Avalon, but they had yet to break Fabian. De Angelishad his doubts that they ever would. “For some strange reason Pete and I weren’t able to write songs for him,“ said Marcucci. “We weren’t capable of giving him the kind of songs that he needed.“ So he and DeAngelis enlisted the services of the crack songwriting team of Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman, who penned a tune called “I’m a Man“ (not the Bo Diddley song of the same title) for Fabian’s third release. Marcucci arranged for Fabian to introduce the song on American Bandstand in December 1958, and “I’m A Man’’ hit Billboard’s Hot 100 several weeks later. With a hit record to his credit, the crowds of swooning teenage girls surrounding Fabian grew even wilder.
Clarkola
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

Dick Clark’s fate, as well as the future of American Bandstand,hinged on the outcome of the House subcommittee’s payola investigation. ABC’s initial contract with Triangle Publications for the delivery of American Bandstand stipulated that if, “for any reason whatsoever, [Clark] no longer serves as Master of Ceremonies of the said programs, we [ABC] shall have the right to terminate this agreement forthwith.“1 Because of that contractual right, any proof the House subcommittee could provide of Clark’s favoritism in programming records in which he held a financial interest would most likely kill the show. To clarify the point, Leonard Goldenson maintained that such verification would be grounds for Clark’s removal from American Bandstand.
From Chubby Checker to the Beatles
Authors: Jackson John A
Published: November 2023

As the 1960s dawned and the payola scandal faded into history,American Bandstand did not miss a beat. Nor did Dick Clark, for whom the good times rolled once again. But although the influence of Bandstand was about to reach worldwide proportions, its role as a shaper of pop culture through its music and performers, as well as by the dancing that the music inspired, could not continue indefinitely. In fact, not long after Clarks afternoon dance show reached its zenith, events beyond his control began to come into play that caused it to fall from its pinnacle. But not before Clark and American Bandstand affected the entire globe.