bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rip Word in A Piece of Monologue
Authors: Morrison Kristin
Published: April 2013

In A Piece of Monologue, , Beckett uses the puzzling phrase "Waiting on the rip' word" (p. 4). A number of times throughout this short play he has included unusual words or unusual usages (the archaic term "haught" [p. 41, the medical "nevoid" [p. 31, the remote "spill" [p. 3]), as well as allusions to other literature or to well-known phrases. And often in these various word-plays there lurks a pun. The verbal play around "rip word" gives shape and point to this fluid piece of monologue.
Armand Gatti, Subject to History: The Problem of Representation
Authors: Ireland John
Published: April 2013

The starting point, then, is the tension which establishes and makes clear the distance that separates an "outward" vision of the world in which one grows up from another vision, just as strong but "inward," born in the imaginative faculties. That tension, grounded in living experience within which Gatti would always find and recognize himself, is the experience of something missing. One must invent above and beyond poverty, recognize that everything must come out of a hole. But the thing that is missing is at the same time itself an origin, a potential space opening out on all that is "crying out to bedone." The obsessional dream of the adolescent expresses itself in collective terms; the imaginary space that it opens up is already dramatic in nature. We see that at that level a fundamental condition of deficit is really called for, inasmuch as a deficit of this kind amounts to a permanent transformational potentiality: "When you get right down to it, I never really climbed out of that hole, and if! were to climb out of it one day it would really be a pretty sad thing ... I'm not saying that out of love for things gone by, but because that was where I was doing my fighting and that was where my fighting was having its effect. ... '" But for Gatti the hole in which everything was possible has as its background and corollary a much more concrete reference involving the extremely traumatic experience of his arrest and deportation: "There is a corridor in a French prison somewhere that in spite of all my efforts I have never quite got out of. '" This famous text, which echoes so uncannily the first part of the text we have just quoted, emphasizes the constant shifting from the individual world of the imagination to external reality, tracing the perpetual progression which remains the motivating force underlying an aesthetic theory which is constantly in the process of metamorphosis.
Remembrance of Things Past: French Theater Praxis Today!
Authors: Romero Laurence
Published: April 2013

An Interview with Bernard Dart on the Idea of Theater
Edward Bond's Dialectic: Irony and Dramatic Metaphors
Authors: Tener Robert
Published: April 2013

In directing the American premiere of Edward Bond's Bingo at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1975, Jonathan Bolt staged one of Bond's special scenic images so powerfully that the audience was momentarily stunned. This scene, the presentation of a young woman gibbeted on two upright beams while an older couple enjoy their picnic lunch at the foot of the hanging hill, contains two of Bond's major dramatic metaphors: the archetypal image of conviviality often invested in eating and drinking, and the sacrificial image of an innocent human being punished by society. Both images are dramatic metaphors for Bond's social dialectic; both add visual and aural dimensions to the themes of the plays; and both, especially when combined, tighten the ironical tensions, allowing Bond to develop his plays by contradiction.
Book Reviews
Authors: Fischer Eileen , Schlueter June , Curtis James , Mikail  , Schwarz Alfred , Hays Michael , Lamont Rosette , Elam Keir , Leland Charles , Bachman Charles
Published: April 2013

Jonas Barish, The Antitheatrical Prejudice, reviewed by Eileen Fischer

John Ditsky, The Onstage Christ: Studies in the Persistence of a Theme, reviewed by June Schlueter

Jean-Pierre Barricelli ed., Chekhov's Great Plays: A Critical Anthology, reviewed by James M. Curtis

Charles A. Carpenter, Charles A. Carpenter, reviewed by E.H. Mikhail

Martin Eslin, Meditations: Essays on Brecht, Beckett, and the Media, reviewed by Alfred Schwarz

Betty Nance Weber And Hubert Heinen ed., Bertolt Brecht: Political Theory and Literary Practice , reviewed by Michael Hays

Yvetie Daoust, Roger Planchon: director and playwright, reviewed by Rosette C. Lamont

Regis Durand ed., La relation theatrale. Villeneuved' Ascq, reviewed by Keir Elam

Jeannette Laillou Savona, ed. , Theatre et thearalite: essais d'etudes semiotiques, reviewed by Keir Elam

Daniel Haakonsen, Henrik Ibsell: Mennesket og Kunstneren, reviewed by Charles Leland

Bonnie Marranca ed., American Dreams: The Imagination of Sam Shepard, reviewed by Charles Bachman
The Constant Journey: An Introduction and a Prefatory Note
Authors: Wittig Monique
Published: April 2013

All theatre works with the same themes, endlessly repeated. Sophocles rewrote Aeschylus; Shakespeare took his themes from Greek and Roman antiquity, as did Racine; Brecht, continuing this tradition, rewrote Shakespeare. Without necessarily referring to these illustrious examples. we can see the same sort of rewriting everywhere in contemporary French theatre. This way of working informs us about the imaginary and is relevant here only as justification for my venturing to recreate Quixote and Panza once again in the theatre. In this case the project requires a double justification, since the actors playing these roles are women. This is not, as some have charged, simply a matter of transposition. If the spectators of The Constant Journey are convinced when the curtain falls by these new characters Quixote and Panza, it is because they have been present scene by scene at the remaking of heroes of a new sort. Indeed, the success of this play depends on active spectators, capable of recreating a complete fable from nothing. As always, it's a fable they know by heart because each episode is faithfully repeated from Cervantes, including the scene of the puppet show, and even including Quixote’s rewriting since in the second part of Cervantes's novel Quixote knows about his own adventures and takes the place of the author.
The Ridiculous Sound of One Hand Clapping: Placing Ludlam's "Gay" Theatre in Space and Time
Authors: Bredbeck Gregory
Published: April 2013

In 1967 Charles Ludlam mounted the first production of the Ridiculous Theatrical Company, Conquest of the Universe; or, When Queens Collide; in 1969 he mounted the company's first award-winning effort, The Grand Tarot, A Masque, which prompted the Village Voice to present Ludlam and the Ridiculous with an Obie for distinguished achievement in the Off-Broadway Theatre. In 1970, The Ridiculous produced its major critical success to date, Bluebeard; A Melodrama in Three Acts, at Christopher's End, "a sleazy gay bar" (with an active back room) on the waterfront of the West Village. In 1974 Ludlam signed the lease for a theatre off Sheridan Square, which ended the transient movements of the troupe through the bars and movie houses of the lower East Side and Wesi Village and settled it directly opposite the Stonewall Inn, which only five years earlier had become the already mythic origin of gay liberation in America, the site of the "hairpin drop heard 'round the world."
"The Rageous Ossean": Patron-Hero of Synge and O'Casey
Authors: Krause David
Published: April 2013

IN IRELAND TODAY the heroic figure of Cuchulain (Coo-hoolin) remains a memorial symbol of the Irish theater and the nation's fight for independence. A traveler in Dublin can observe this dual tribute to the warrior-hero of Celtic myth at the Abbey Theatre's temporary home in the Queens Theatre, where the familiar drawing of the young Cuchulain and his hound, the original emblem which Yeats and Lady Gregory chose for the Abbey, still graces the cover of the Theatre program, and in the General Post Office on O'Connell Street, where Oliver Shepherd's bronze statue to the dying Cuchulain commemorates the 1916 Easter Rising. In his last play, The Death of Cuchulain, Yeats linked myth and reality when he saw the heroic spirit of Cuchulain in the martyrs of the Rising.
Book Reviews
Authors: Reinelt Janelle , Powell Kerry , Gale Maggie , Mohan Dia , Wylam Lisa Wolford , de Sherbinin Julie
Published: April 2013

Jen Harvie, Staging the UK, reviewed by Janelle Reinelt

John Stokes, The French Actress and Her English Audience, reviewed by Kerry Powell

S.E. Wilmer, Writing and Rewriting National Theatre Histories, reviewed by Maggie B. Gale

Ravina Aggarwal, Beyond Lines of Control: Performance and Politics on the Disputed Borders of Ladakh, India, reviewed by Dia Mohan

Güter Berghaus, Avant-Garde Performance: Live Events and Electronic Technologies, reviewed by Lisa Wolford Wylam

Michael C. Fink, Seeing Chekhov: Life and Art, reviewed by Julie W. de Sherbinin
Binding Affinity of Candesartan, Losartan, Telmisartan and Valsartan with Angiotensin II Receptor 1 Subtype
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Shahriar Mohammad , Nagatomo Takafumi
Published: April 2013

This study was designed to examine the interaction in the binding of selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists towards angiotensin II type 1 receptor. The AT1 antagonists used in this study were valsartan, candesartan and losartan. Wild type AT1 receptors were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells and the expressed protein was isolated. The binding affinities of agonist and these four AT1 antagonists were determined towards AT1 receptors with the help of radioligand binding studies. The binding affinity of candesartan has been found to be maximum having a pKi value of 8.61±0.21 whereas losartan showed lowest binding affinity among the antagonists (pKi=7.17±0.07). Telmisartan also showed high (pKi=8.19±0.04) and valsartan had moderate binding affinity (pKi=7.65±0.12) towards AT1 receptors. The results of the study suggested that candesartan interacts very strongly with the receptor which is consistent with the maximum number of binding sites of in the chemical structure of candesartan. On the other hand, losartan has lower number of binding sites with the amino acid residues of AT1 receptor and as a result it showed the minimum affinity towards the receptor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14484 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 10-14, 2013
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Secondary Metabolites Obtained from a Novel Species of Streptomyces
Authors: Sharmin Tahmida , Rahman Md Ajijur , Md Anisuzzaman Abu Sayeed , Islam Md Anwar-Ul
Published: April 2013

With an aim to isolate actinomycetes having antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, five colonies of actinomycetes were collected from soils of a vegetable garden of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh and designated as ANTS-1 to ANTS-5. Initial screening for antibacterial activity showed that the isolate ANTS-1 produced potent antimicrobial metabolites in the culture media. The crude ethyl acetate extract obtained from the yeast-extract glucose agar (YEGA) medium showed strong activity against pathogenic bacteria and moderate activity against fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against the test bacteria were in the range of 1-2 ?g/ml and 4-8 ?g/ml, respectively. The LC50 value of the crude extract against brine-shrimp nauplii was only 0.4?g/ml indicating its potent cytotoxic activity. One component of the extract was identified as actinomycin D by interpretation of the spectral data and by comparison with published values. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14485 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 15-19, 2013
Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaves on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes with Dyslipidemia in Rats
Authors: Mamun Al , Islam Saiful , Alam AHM Khurshid , Rahman Md Aziz Abdur , Rashid Mamunur
Published: April 2013

Diabetes associated dyslipidemia is one of the major causes of disability in western as well as in developing countries. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (EHBS) leaves on alloxan-induced diabetes with dyslipidemia in rats. Treatment of alloxan-induced diabetes with most effective observed dose (2.0 mg/kg body weight) of EHBS for 1 week significantly reduced glucose level, TC, TG and LDL-C, with the increase of HDL-C and weight of kidney, pancreas and liver when compared with diabetic rats. The observation was also made for consecutive 4 weeks to confirm the results obtained in one week model. Like one week, we got similar results when the treatment of alloxan-induced rats was done with the EHBS for 4 weeks. The results indicated that the EHBS leaves, in comparison with metformin, had profound hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14487 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 27-31, 2013
Levels of Heavy Metals in Different Tissues of Pigeon (Columba livia) of Bangladesh for Safety Assessment for Human Consumption
Authors: Begum Aleya , Sehrin Sabrina
Published: April 2013

Heavy metal pollution was reported in commercially valuable and edible pigeon (Columba livia, Gmelin 1789) of Bangladesh. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Cu were investigated in the muscle, intestine, kidney, gizzard and liver. For this 60 C. livia were selected from five locations to assess the degree of pollution by heavy metals in pigeon. Significant differences in heavy metal concentrations were observed among different tissues, but not among the locations. The ranges of the measured concentrations (?g/g dry weight) in the tissues of C. livia were as follows: arsenic: (0.010.04), (0.020.04), (0.020.08), (0.020.04) and (0.030.07); lead: (0.210.56), (0.071.64), (0.621.97), (0.410.79) and (1.475.75); cadmium: (0.01-0.05), (0.130.97), (0.531.85), (0.32 0.78) and (0.222.41); chromium: (0.251.93), (1.185.90), (1.594.40), (1.151.65) and (1.388.36); zinc: (73.22256.56), (95.62130.75), (19.8767.18), (108.99124.77) and (159.80280.76); copper: (3.447.64), (5.3017.50), (8.7216.55), (1.1934.42) and (26.0943.60) in the muscle, intestine, kidney, gizzard, and liver, respectively. This research showed that the liver appeared to be the main storage site of heavy metals, while the muscle had the lowest levels of the analyzed metals. The concentrations of metal in the muscles were not found to exceed the acceptable level for human consumption. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14499 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 81-87, 2013
Time Domain Measures of Heart Rate Variability to Assess Autonomic Dysfunction In Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Nayem Mohammad , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: April 2013

Background: Autonomic nerve function impairment is related to development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Time domain measures of Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool to measure autonomic nerve function activity. Objective: To assess autonomic nerve function activity by time domain measures of heart rate variability in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka in 2011. Ninety patients aged 20-50 years of both sex with Irritable bowel syndrome were included in the study group. They were collected from the OPD of Gastroenterology in BSMMU. Age and sex matched 30 apparently healthy subjects served as control. For assessing HRV by time domain method, Mean heart rate Mean R-R interval, Max/Min R-R interval, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50%, NN50% were recorded by a digital Polyrite. ANOVA, independent sample t-test and Pearsons correlation coefficient tests were performed as applicable. Results: Mean heart rate were significantly higher and Mean R-R interval, Max/Min R-R interval, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50%, NN50% were significantly lower in IBS groups compared to those of control. Correlation analysis showed negative correlations of SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50%, NN50% with duration of disease. Conclusion: This study concludes that parasympathetic activity was reduced in patients of IBS. In addition, decreased vagal modulation is inversely related to the duration IBS. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i2.14451 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, December; 7(2): 60-65
Age Related Change in Thyroid Function
Authors: Rahman Shakila , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma
Published: April 2013

Background: Thyroid hormones play a vital role in metabolism, sensitivity of tissues to other hormones and also in oxygen consumption of almost all cells of the body. However, mild to moderate decrease in function of thyroid gland may occur with advancing age even in apparently healthy elderly subjects. Objectives: To observe age related change in thyroid function status in apparently healthy elderly subjects in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2011. Sixty apparently healthy elderly subjects of both sexes aged 50 to 75 years were taken as study group. They were collected from Probin Nibash Hitoishi Shangha, Agargaon, Dhaka. In addition, 30 apparently healthy young adult subjects aged 20-40 years were included as control. For assessment of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were estimated by ELISA method. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA, Bonferroni test and Pearsons Correlation Coefficient test as applicable. Results: In this study, mean serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in apparently healthy elderly subjects in comparison to those of the healthy young subjects. Again, serum FT4 and FT3 levels were negatively correlated whereas serum TSH level was positively correlated with age of the subjects. Conclusion: The present study revealed a progressive decrease in thyroid function with advancement of age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i2.14453 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, December; 7(2): 72-77
Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jahan Kawser , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: April 2013

Background: Altered cardiovascular autonomic nerve function with impaired sympathovagal balance is found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is an important tool for assessment of autonomic nerve activity. Objective: To assess cardiac autonomic nerve function status in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by time domain measures of HRV. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from January to December 2010. Sixty female RA patients, age range 18-50 years were constituted study group enrolled from the Out- patient Rheumatology Wing, Department of Medicine, BSMMU. Age matched thirty apparently healthy females were studied as control. Time domain measures of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) such as Mean RR intervals, Mean HR, SDNN, RMSSD, NN50% and PNN 50% were recorded for 5 minutes by a Polygraph machine to observe cardiac autonomic nerve function activity. Data were analyzed by independent sample t test. Results: Mean R-R interval, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50%, NN50% were significantly lower (p<0.001) but heart rate was significantly (P<0.001) higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Conclusion: Cardiac autonomic nerve function is impaired and characterized by reduced resting parasympathetic activity in female Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i2.14455 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, December; 7(2): 78-82
Ovarian Hormones During Different Phases of Ovarian Cycle In Healthy Young Women
Authors: Dill Naher Latifa Afrin , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: April 2013

Background: Women having regular ovarian cycle often experience premenstrual syndrome which may be associated with alterations of autonomic nerve function due to fluctuation of ovarian hormones during different phases of ovarian cycle. Objective: To observe the parasympathetic nerve function status and their relationships with ovarian hormones during different phases of ovarian cycle in healthy young women. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Physiology at BSMMU, Dhaka in 2007 on 30 eumenorrhogic healthy females aged 20 to 30 years. Serum estrogen and progesterone were measured by MEIA method and parasympathetic nerve functions were assessed by valsalva, deep breathing test and orthostatic test during follicular and luteal phases of ovarian cycle. Data were analyzed by paired student t test, and Pearsons Correlation coefficient test where applicable. Results: Mean resting HR,SBP,DBP and all measures of parasympathetic nerve function were similar in all phases of ovarian cycle. With serum estrogen level, deep breathing showed significant (p<0.05) positive correlation in follicular and luteal phase and valsalva showed significant positive correlation during luteal phase. Conclusion: The results this study suggest that estrogen has got positive influence on parasympathetic nerve function which support cardioprotective role of estrogen in premenopausal females. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i2.14456 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, December; 7(2): 83-88
Histomorphometric study of the follicles of the ovary in Bangladeshi women
Authors: Perven Hosna Ara , Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Ara Shamim
Published: April 2013

Background: The accurate assessment of size and number of ovarian follicles are paramount to understanding the physiology of female reproduction. Objective: To observe the variation in size of the Graafian follicle and follicular number with age in Bangladeshi women. Methods: This descriptive type of study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2009, on 140 post mortem human ovaries collected from 70 unclaimed female dead bodies from the morgue of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (10-13 years), group B (14-45 years) and group C (46-52 years). 10 best prepared histological slides from 14-45 years age group were examined to determine the average size of Graafian follicle and 20 slides from each group were taken to determine the number of follicles. Results: The average diameter of the Graafian follicles of the right is slightly higher than that of the left ovary but not statistically significant (p>0.05). No difference was found in follicular number in between the right and the left ovaries at any age group. However, the difference in number of the follicles of the ovary were statistically significant in between age groups A & C and B & C (p<0.001). Conclusion: The average diameter of Graafian follicle was found greater in the right ovary than the left ovary. However, the number of ovarian follicles was found to decrease in old age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i2.14458 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, December; 7(2): 89-93
The Extent of Dissociation in Virginia Woolf's Between the Acts
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Shahidul Islam
Published: April 2013

Abstract not AvailableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14461 Stamford Journal of English; Volume 7; Page 27-39
Classroom Code Switching of English Language Teachers at Tertiary Level: A Bangladeshi Perspective
Authors: Chowdhury Nargis
Published: April 2013

Classroom code switching is a common scenario in many multi lingual and multicultural classes. In a monolingual country like Bangladesh, classroom code switching has some distinctive attributes. As a part of the global transformation in the methods and techniques of English language teaching, we need to consider classroom code switching as a fact which cannot be ignored in any way especially in a country like Bangladesh where English is taught as a foreign language. In most of the cases Bangladeshi students tend to switch codes, but it is also common in teachers discourse. This paper aims to focus on the reasons for teachers code switching and the attitude of the teachers and students towards classroom code switching. A survey was conducted for data collection where two different sets of questionnaires were used for teachers and students. 20 English language teachers and 37 undergrad students from different universities participated in the survey. The findings of the survey result in identifying the reasons for teachers code switching like ease of communication, explanation, maintaining discipline in the classroom, translation of the unknown terms etc. On the other hand, although many teachers consider that they should not switch codes in the class room, students possess a positive attitude towards it. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14462 Stamford Journal of English; Volume 7; Page 40-61
Teaching Speaking Through Public Speaking Course
Authors: Iftakhar Shampa
Published: April 2013

In Bangladesh, English is taught as a foreign language. The English Language Teaching Improvement Project (ELTIP) introduced commutative textbooks in between 1992 to 2001 from class three to the higher secondary level. The main aim of ELTIP is to facilitate the teaching and learning of English with a methodology that will encourage students to acquire communicative competence in English through regular practice of these skills. Each of the books contains many tasks on speaking, but unfortunately in reality there is no practice and reflection of this skill. The speaking skill is never examined in S.S.C. and H.S.C. exam though in the English medium schools the scenario is totally opposite. Now the students who get admitted in the private universities having a very poor competency in speaking face great problems from the very beginning because English is the medium of instruction in these universities and general English courses are compulsory for all students. Very few students are capable of understanding lectures given in English. So conducting the class in English becomes a great challenge for all teachers. In my paper, I intend to analyse some factors that are closely related with teaching speaking. Then I will try to evaluate how Public Speaking course at Stamford University Bangladesh plays a vital role in teaching speaking, and our teachers and learners opinions regarding this course. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14473 Stamford Journal of English; Volume 7; Page 183-203
On the q-Analogues of Srivastava’s Triple Hypergeometric Functions
Authors: Ernst Thomas
Published: April 2013

We find Euler integral formulas, summation and reduction formulas for q-analogues of Srivastava’s three triple hypergeometric functions. The proofs use q-analogues of Picard’s integral formula for the first Appell function, a summation formula for the first Appell function based on the Bayley–Daum formula, and a general triple series reduction formula of Karlsson. Many of the formulas are purely formal, since it is difficult to find convergence regions for these functions of several complex variables. We use the Ward q-addition to describe the known convergence regions of q-Appell and q-Lauricella functions.
Divergence-Free Multiwavelets on the Half Plane
Authors: Lakey Joseph , Nguyen Phan
Published: April 2013

We use the biorthogonal multiwavelets related by differentiation constructed in previous work to construct compactly supported biorthogonal multiwavelet bases for the space of vector fields on the upper half plane R2 + such that the reconstruction wavelets are divergence-free and have vanishing normal components on the boundary of R2 +. Such wavelets are suitable to study the Navier–Stokes equations on a half plane when imposing a Navier boundary condition.
Manchester Civil Justice Centre: Procuring and Managing an Institutional Building with a Mixed Mode Ventilation System—A Case for Post-Occupancy Evaluation
Authors: Napier John
Published: April 2013

Manchester Civil Justice Centre is a striking contemporary 14 storey court building which has won awards for many different aspects of its design, construction and sustainability. From November 2002 to July 2005, the author was a key member of Denton Corker Marshall’s London project team having responsibility for key areas of design development, integration of technology and sustainable design including the East elevation’s “environmental veil”. This paper tracks the procurement of the building, describing its low energy features and their performance in practice. The paper reviews the low carbon elements of the design (daylight and natural ventilation systems) in the context of similar buildings and the buildings operational performance. The building has a mixed mode ventilation system which is managed centrally; the paper describes the ongoing relationship between the Facilities Management and the building’s users and their expectations of comfort and offers an explanation as to why the building’s energy performance is not as good as predicted at design stage. A case is made that this building is a significant example of low energy design and would form a good example for a detailed Post Occupancy Evaluation. The energy performance of the building could be studied in more detail to encourage the users (judges, staff and the public) to improve the building’s energy performance and to share knowledge within the construction industry. Institutional and commercial barriers to the more mainstream adoption of Post Occupancy Evaluation are discussed with respect to the Manchester Civil Justice Centre.
Allometry for Biomass Estimation in Jatropha Trees Planted as Boundary Hedge in Farmers’ Fields
Authors: Makungwa Stephy , Chittock Abbie , Skole David , Kanyama-Phiri George , Woodhouse Iain
Published: April 2013

Regrowth and planted trees in agricultural landscapes are rarely protected from clearing under national Forest Acts. There is, therefore, some question over the long-term security of any value they might provide to biodiversity and the global carbon cycle. Engaging landholders in carbon credits that are conditioned on planted areas being maintained into the future could improve the situation. To begin carbon trading, landholders need precise and accurate estimates of the carbon sequestered by the trees in their fields. Accurate estimates of carbon stocks depend to a greater degree on the availability and adequacy of the allometric equations that are used to estimate tree biomass. The present study has developed an allometric model for estimating the woody biomass of Jatropha trees planted as boundary hedges in agricultural landscapes under smallholder farming systems in Malawi. The predictive performance of the model was assessed and was subsequently compared with the published Jatropha models. The results showed that the statistical fits of our model were generally good, enabling one to use it with confidence for estimating wood biomass in Jatropha stands from which they were derived. The published Jatropha models consistently overestimated the woody biomass by as much as 55%, rendering them unsuitable for application in estimating woody biomass in our study sites.
Size-Controlled and Optical Properties of Monodispersed Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Radiolytic Reduction Method
Authors: Saion Elias , Gharibshahi Elham , Naghavi Kazem
Published: April 2013

Size-controlled and monodispersed silver nanoparticles were synthesized from an aqueous solution containing silver nitrate as a metal precursor, polyvinyl alcohol as a capping agent, isopropyl alcohol as hydrogen and hydroxyl radical scavengers, and deionized water as a solvent with a simple radiolytic method. The average particle size decreased with an increase in dose due to the domination of nucleation over ion association in the formation of the nanoparticles by gamma reduction. The silver nanoparticles exhibit a very sharp and strong absorption spectrum with the absorption maximum λmax blue shifting with an increased dose, owing to a decrease in particle size. The absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles of various particle sizes were also calculated using a quantum physics treatment and an agreement was obtained with the experimental absorption data. The results suggest that the absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles possibly derived from the intra-band excitations of conduction electrons from the lowest energy state (n = 5, l = 0) to higher energy states (n ≥ 6; Δl = 0, ±1; Δs = 0, ±1), allowed by the quantum numbers principle. This demonstrates that the absorption phenomenon of metal nanoparticles based on a quantum physics description could be exploited to be added into the fundamentals of metal nanoparticles and the related fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Identification of O-glycosylated Proteins That Are Aberrantly Excreted in the Urine of Patients with Early Stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mu Alan , Lim Boon-Kiong , Hashim Onn , Shuib Adawiyah
Published: April 2013

Cancer is known to induce or alter the O-glycosylation of selective proteins that may eventually be excreted in the patients’ urine. The present study was performed to identify O-glycosylated proteins that are aberrantly excreted in the urine of patients with early stage ovarian cancer (OCa). These urinary glycoproteins are potential biomarkers for early detection of OCa. In this study, urinary proteins of patients with early stage OCa and age-matched OCa negative women were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and detection using a lectin that binds to the O-glycosylated proteins. Our analysis demonstrated significant enhanced expression of clusterin and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, but lower levels of kininogen in the urine of the OCa patients compared to the controls. The different altered levels of these urinary glycoproteins were further confirmed using competitive ELISA. Our data are suggestive of the potential use of the aberrantly excreted urinary O-glycosylated proteins as biomarkers for the early detection of OCa, although this requires further validation in a large clinically representative population.
Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Revealed by Simulations: Translocation, Pore Formation, Membrane Corrugation and Euler Buckling
Authors: Chen Licui , Jia Nana , Gao Lianghui , Fang Weihai , Golubovic Leonardo
Published: April 2013

We explore the effects of the peripheral and transmembrane antimicrobial peptides on the lipid bilayer membrane by using the coarse grained Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations. We study peptide/lipid membrane complexes by considering peptides with various structure, hydrophobicity and peptide/lipid interaction strength. The role of lipid/water interaction is also discussed. We discuss a rich variety of membrane morphological changes induced by peptides, such as pore formation, membrane corrugation and Euler buckling.
Influence of Melatonin on the Immune System of Fish: A Review
Authors: Esteban M. Ángeles , Cuesta Alberto , Chaves-Pozo Elena , Meseguer José
Published: April 2013

Endocrine-immune system interactions have been widely demonstrated in mammals, whereas in fish, these relationships remain unclear. Of the organs that constitute the endocrine system, the pineal gland and its secretory product melatonin act in the synchronization of daily and seasonal rhythms in most vertebrates, including fish. Seasonal differences in immunocompetence and disease prevalence have been well documented in humans. Seasonality also strongly influences the life history of fish by controlling the timing of physiological events, such as reproduction, food intake, locomotor activity, and growth performance. Apart from its synchronizing capabilities, the role of melatonin in physiological processes in fish is not thoroughly understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize current studies on the effects of melatonin on the fish immune system. These studies suggest that melatonin represents an important component of fish endocrine-immune system interactions. The elucidation of the defense mechanisms of fish will facilitate the development of health management tools to support the growing finfish aquaculture industry as well as address questions concerning the origins and evolution of the immune system in vertebrates.
2-Chloro-7-methyl-3-({4-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}methyl)quinoline
Authors: Praveena Koduru , Murthy Nandula , Pal Sarbani
Published: April 2013

The title compound, 2-chloro-7-methyl-3-({4-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}methyl)quinoline was synthesized in one pot. The structure of the compound was fully characterized by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR, mass spectral analysis and elemental analysis.
Expanding the Diversity of Imaging-Based RNAi Screen Applications Using Cell Spot Microarrays
Authors: Rantala Juha , Kwon Sunjong , Korkola James , Gray Joe
Published: April 2013

Over the past decade, great strides have been made in identifying gene aberrations and deregulated pathways that are associated with specific disease states. These association studies guide experimental studies aimed at identifying the aberrant genes and networks that cause the disease states. This requires functional manipulation of these genes and networks in laboratory models of normal and diseased cells. One approach is to assess molecular and biological responses to high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi)-induced gene knockdown. These responses can be revealed by immunofluorescent staining for a molecular or cellular process of interest and quantified using fluorescence image analysis. These applications are typically performed in multiwell format, but are limited by high reagent costs and long plate processing times. These limitations can be mitigated by analyzing cells grown in cell spot microarray (CSMA) format. CSMAs are produced by growing cells on small (~200 mm diameter) spots with each spot carrying an siRNA with transfection reagent. The spacing between spots is only a few hundred micrometers, thus thousands of cell spots can be arranged on a single cell culture surface. These high-density cell cultures can be immunofluorescently stained with minimal reagent consumption and analyzed quickly using automated fluorescence microscopy platforms. This review covers basic aspects of imaging-based CSMA technology, describes a wide range of immunofluorescence assays that have already been implemented successfully for CSMA screening and suggests future directions for advanced RNAi screening experiments.
Deformation Trend Extraction Based on Multi-Temporal InSAR in Shanghai
Authors: Chen Jie , Wu Jicang , Zhang Lina , Zou Junping , Liu Guoxiang , Zhang Rui , Yu Bing
Published: April 2013

Shanghai is a modern metropolis characterized by high urban density and anthropogenic ground motions. Although traditional deformation monitoring methods, such as GPS and spirit leveling, are reliable to millimeter accuracy, the sparse point subsidence information makes understanding large areas difficult. Multiple temporal space-borne synthetic aperture radar interferometry is a powerful high-accuracy (sub-millimeter) remote sensing tool for monitoring slow ground deformation for a large area with a high point density. In this paper, the Interferometric Point Target Time Series Analysis method is used to extract ground subsidence rates in Shanghai based on 31 C-Band and 35 X-Band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images obtained by Envisat and COSMO SkyMed (CSK) satellites from 2007 to 2010. A significant subsidence funnel that was detected is located in the junction place between the Yangpu and the Hongkou Districts. A t-test is formulated to judge the agreements between the subsidence results obtained by SAR and by spirit leveling. In addition, four profile lines crossing the subsidence funnel area are chosen for a comparison of ground subsidence rates, which were obtained by the two different band SAR images, and show a good agreement.
Divergent Evolution in Education for Sustainable Development Policy in the United Kingdom: Current Status, Best Practice, and Opportunities for the Future
Authors: Martin Stephen , Dillon James , Higgins Peter , Peters Carl , Scott William
Published: April 2013

This paper discusses the current status of all aspects of education for sustainable development (ESD) across the United Kingdom (UK), drawing on evidence from its political jurisdictions (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales), and setting out some characteristics of best practice. The paper analyzes current barriers to progress, and outlines future opportunities for enhancing the core role of education and learning in the pursuit of a more sustainable future. Although effective ESD exists at all levels, and in most learning contexts across the UK, with good teaching and enhanced learner outcomes, the authors argue that a wider adoption of ESD would result from the development of a strategic framework which puts it at the core of the education policy agenda in every jurisdiction. This would provide much needed coherence, direction and impetus to existing initiatives, scale up and build on existing good practice, and prevent unnecessary duplication of effort and resources. The absence of an overarching UK strategy for sustainable development that sets out a clear vision about the contribution learning can make to its goals is a major barrier to progress. This strategy needs to be coupled with the establishment of a pan-UK forum for overseeing the promotion, implementation and evaluation of ESD.
Introducing Toxics
Authors: Bellinger David
Published: April 2013

With this inaugural issue, Toxics begins its life as a peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on all aspects of toxic chemicals. We are interested in publishing papers that present a wide range of perspectives on toxicants and naturally occurring toxins, including exposure, biomarkers, kinetics, biological effects, fate and transport, treatment, and remediation. Toxics differs from many other journals in the absence of a page or word limit on contributions, permitting authors to present their work in as much detail as they wish. Toxics will publish original research papers, conventional reviews, meta-analyses, short communications, theoretical papers, case reports, commentaries and policy perspectives, and book reviews (Book reviews will be solicited and should not be submitted without invitation). Toxins and toxicants concern individuals from a wide range of disciplines, and Toxics is interested in receiving papers that represent the full range of approaches applied to their study, including in vitro studies, studies that use experimental animal or non-animal models, studies of humans or other biological populations, and mathematical modeling. We are excited to get underway and look forward to working with authors in the scientific and medical communities and providing them with a novel venue for sharing their work. [...]
Remarques sur le sens de τρέφω
Authors: Demont Paul
Published: April 2013

Contrairement à l'opinion d'E. Benveniste et de Cl. Moussy, le sens « faire prendre, coaguler » est le sens fondamental du verbe. L'idée de coagulation est d'ailleurs souvent unie en grec à celles de nourriture et de croissance en un même « universel de langage », comme le montrent plusieurs textes médicaux et philosophiques. La conception en particulier est un phénomène de coagulation et lorsque τρέφω est employé dans ce cas, il signifie « faire prendre corps ». Cette analyse éclaire plusieurs emplois du verbe, en particulier dans la Théogonie et dans Eschyle.
Retour sur l'antre de la Paix chez Aristophane
Authors: Carrière Jean
Published: April 2013

Cet antre, d'où est extraite la statue de la déesse par le Chœur de la comédie qui porte son nom, ne peut se situer qu'au fond de l'orchestra, sous la scène, et les deux niveaux qu'occupe successivement cette statue (ciel, terre) doivent être obtenus par le jeu de l'écran mobile : hypothèse qui aplanit d'un coup toutes les difficultés de la mise en scène.
Sur un sens oublié du mot πρᾶγμα
Authors: Delebecque Édouard
Published: April 2013

Le mot πρᾶγμα peut souvent désigner une personne vivante, même du sexe féminin. On l'oublie quelquefois, en dépit d'exemples très sûrs. L'auteur en rappelle quelques-uns et examine aussi, d'Andocide à Saint-Paul, des cas qui méritent la discussion. Plusieurs traductions existantes peuvent être à rectifier.
Babrius et Titus
Authors: Herrmann Léon
Published: April 2013

Après avoir écrit une Batrachomyomachie en l'honneur des Flaviens, Babrius devenu fabuliste a célébré dans ses apologues Vespasien et Titus, non sans railler Phèdre, devenu commensal de Titus, dans Le Renard et le Singe. Comme Philostrate, auteur de la vie d'Apollonius de Thyane, Babrius s'est intéressé aux relations de Titus avec son père Vespasien, relations troublées un moment par le projet de mariage avec Bérénice. On peut donc affirmer que Le fils du roi Sesonchonsis est un roman à clé sur Titus et Vespasien, comme le Roman de Ninus l'avait été sur les débuts de Néron. Même la fable La rose et l'amarante (172 (178)), parallèle à celle de Phèdre IV, 38, Le papillon et la guêpe, déplore que Domitien ait survécu à Titus et lui rend un suprême hommage.
Human Rights and Human Travel? Modeling Global Travel Patterns Under an Ethical Tourism Regime
Authors: Lovelock Brent
Published: April 2013

In response to calls for a more ethical approach to tourism, this article investigates how travel patterns would appear in the world if travel sanctions were applied to destinations that have well-documented serious human rights abuses. A discussion of travel boycotts and travel sanctions
builds the case for considering the potential of travel sanctions as a tool to address human rights issues. Two scenarios of ethical travel are developed, based upon UNWtO international arrival data, together with human rights indices (using the World Freedom Survey) for over 200 destinations.
Both scenarios see substantial numbers of visitors being 'redirected' from destinations with human rights abuses to those destinations classified as "Free." The article discusses the significance of this in terms of the moralization and politicization of outbound tourism.
Isolation of microsatellite markers in a chaparral species endemic to southern California, Ceanothus megacarpus (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: Ishibashi Caitlin D. A. , Shaver Anthony R. , Perrault David P. , Davis Stephen D. , Honeycutt Rodney L.
Published: April 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite (simple sequence repeat [SSR]) markers were developed for Ceanothus megacarpus, a chaparral species endemic to coastal southern California, to investigate potential processes (e.g., fragmentation, genetic drift, and interspecific hybridization) responsible for the genetic structure within and among populations distributed throughout mainland and island populations.

• Methods and Results: Four SSR‐enriched libraries were used to develop and optimize 10 primer sets of microsatellite loci containing either di‐, tri‐, or tetranucleotide repeats. Levels of variation at these loci were assessed for two populations of C. megacarpus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.250 to 0.885, and number of alleles ranged between four and 21 per locus. Eight to nine loci also successfully amplified in three other species of Ceanothus.

• Conclusions: These markers should prove useful for evaluating the influence of recent and historical processes on genetic variation in C. megacarpus and related species.