bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Risk Estimation Platform for Indoor Aerosol Transmission of COVID‐19
Authors: Parhizkar Hooman , Van Den Wymelenberg Kevin G. , Haas Charles N. , Corsi Richard L.
Published: October 2021

Aerosol transmission has played a significant role in the transmission of COVID‐19 disease worldwide. We developed a COVID‐19 aerosol transmission risk estimation model to better understand how key parameters associated with indoor spaces and infector emissions affect inhaled deposited dose of aerosol particles that convey the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The model calculates the concentration of size‐resolved, virus‐laden aerosol particles in well‐mixed indoor air challenged by emissions from an index case(s). The model uses a mechanistic approach, accounting for particle emission dynamics, particle deposition to indoor surfaces, ventilation rate, and single‐zone filtration. The novelty of this model relates to the concept of “inhaled & deposited dose” in the respiratory system of receptors linked to a dose–response curve for human coronavirus HCoV‐229E. We estimated the volume of inhaled & deposited dose of particles in the 0.5–4 μm range expressed in picoliters (pL) in a well‐documented COVID‐19 outbreak in restaurant X in Guangzhou China. We anchored the attack rate with the dose–response curve of HCoV‐229E which provides a preliminary estimate of the average SARS‐CoV‐2 dose per person, expressed in plaque forming units (PFUs). For a reasonable emission scenario, we estimate approximately three PFU per pL deposited, yielding roughly 10 PFUs deposited in the respiratory system of those infected in restaurant X. To explore the model's utility, we tested it with four COVID‐19 outbreaks. The risk estimates from the model fit reasonably well with the reported number of confirmed cases given available metadata from the outbreaks and uncertainties associated with model assumptions.
Frege's Answer to Kripke
Authors: Korte Tapio
Published: October 2021

In his Naming and Necessity, Saul Kripke puts forth a series of arguments against theories of proper names he calls Frege‐Russell theories. As the title reveals, Kripke takes Gottlob Frege's theory of sense and Bedeutung to be a good representative of these theories. In this essay, I characterize how Frege might have answered Kripke. I agree with Kripke that presumably Frege thought that the sense of a proper name is the same as some definite description. I, however, question his assumption that Frege's theory of proper names was a theory of meaning as he uses the term. I go even further and suggest that it is not so obvious that Frege thought, at least always, that the role of the concept of sense in his theory is a semantic concept at all. This constitutes the heart of my reconstruction of Frege's answer. I argue that this, together with Frege's conception of natural languages, would have allowed him to hold that the sense of a proper name may sometimes be the same as the sense of an indefinite or even a wrong description. This makes Frege's theory immune to Kripke's counter‐arguments.
Acetylation of conserved lysines fine‐tunes mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity in land plants
Authors: Balparda Manuel , Elsässer Marlene , Badia Mariana B. , Giese Jonas , Bovdilova Anastasiia , Hüdig Meike , Reinmuth Lisa , Eirich Jürgen , Schwarzländer Markus , Finkemeier Iris , Schallenberg‐Rüdinger Mareike , Maurino Veronica G.
Published: October 2021

Plants need to rapidly and flexibly adjust their metabolism to changes of their immediate environment. Since this necessity results from the sessile lifestyle of land plants, key mechanisms for orchestrating central metabolic acclimation are likely to have evolved early. Here, we explore the role of lysine acetylation as a post‐translational modification to directly modulate metabolic function. We generated a lysine acetylome of the moss Physcomitrium patens and identified 638 lysine acetylation sites, mostly found in mitochondrial and plastidial proteins. A comparison with available angiosperm data pinpointed lysine acetylation as a conserved regulatory strategy in land plants. Focusing on mitochondrial central metabolism, we functionally analyzed acetylation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH), which acts as a hub of plant metabolic flexibility. In P. patens mMDH1, we detected a single acetylated lysine located next to one of the four acetylation sites detected in Arabidopsis thaliana mMDH1. We assessed the kinetic behavior of recombinant A. thaliana and P. patens mMDH1 with site‐specifically incorporated acetyl‐lysines. Acetylation of A. thaliana mMDH1 at K169, K170, and K334 decreases its oxaloacetate reduction activity, while acetylation of P. patens mMDH1 at K172 increases this activity. We found modulation of the malate oxidation activity only in A. thaliana mMDH1, where acetylation of K334 strongly activated it. Comparative homology modeling of MDH proteins revealed that evolutionarily conserved lysines serve as hotspots of acetylation. Our combined analyses indicate lysine acetylation as a common strategy to fine‐tune the activity of central metabolic enzymes with likely impact on plant acclimation capacity.
¿Seguridad alimentaria, soberanía alimentaria o derecho a la alimentación? Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Medina Rey José María , Ortega Carpio Mª Luz , Martínez Cousinou Gloria
Published: October 2021

En los debates de los últimos años acerca del problema global del hambre han interactuado tres enfoques conceptuales de gran relevancia, uno de carácter técnico, otro reivindicativo y otro jurídico: la seguridad alimentaria, la soberanía alimentaria y el derecho a la alimentación. Cada enfoque tiene unas implicaciones en cuanto a cómo abordar el problema del hambre. Por ello, resulta relevante establecer la delimitación entre estos, sus diferencias, similitudes y relaciones. Los tres enfoques conceptuales se han influido mutuamente de una u otra forma y han hecho que las aproximaciones a la lucha contra el hambre se tornen cada vez más ricas, completas y complejas.
Redes Culturales Afro-Latinoamericanas. El caso del Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas
Authors: Arriaga Arango Eduard
Published: October 2021

El artículo estudia el Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas y su red cultural. A partir de una metodología de análisis de redes complejas, el texto explora cómo dicha red se conecta con la súper-red de representaciones artísticas y de activismo de lo afrolatinoamericano, y, a pesar de ser un nodo débil y tener conexiones débiles, logra alcanzar una posición central en las redes intelectuales y de activismo afrolatinoamericanas. Asimismo, el artículo discute los aportes de las redes culturales como metodología para alcanzar unas humanidades digitales críticas más centradas en la experiencia humana y de producción cultural en una era en la que los algoritmos parecen dirigir nuestra experiencia de la cultura.
Inverse Design of Two-Dimensional Airfoils Using Conditional Generative Models and Surrogate Log-Likelihoods
Authors: Chen Qiuyi , Wang Jun , Pope Phillip , (Wayne) Chen Wei , Fuge Mark
Published: October 2021

This paper shows how to use conditional generative models in two-dimensional (2D) airfoil optimization to probabilistically predict good initialization points within the vicinity of the optima given the input boundary conditions, thus warm starting and accelerating further optimization. We accommodate the possibility of multiple optimal designs corresponding to the same input boundary condition and take this inversion ambiguity into account when designing our prediction framework. To this end, we first employ the conditional formulation of our previous work BézierGAN–Conditional BézierGAN (CBGAN)—as a baseline, then introduce its sibling conditional entropic BézierGAN (CEBGAN), which is based on optimal transport regularized with entropy. Compared with CBGAN, CEBGAN overcomes mode collapse plaguing conventional GANs, improves the average lift-drag (Cl/Cd) efficiency of airfoil predictions from 80.8% of the optimal value to 95.8%, and meanwhile accelerates the training process by 30.7%. Furthermore, we investigate the unique ability of CEBGAN to produce a log-likelihood lower bound that may help select generated samples of higher performance (e.g., aerodynamic performance). In addition, we provide insights into the performance differences between these two models with low-dimensional toy problems and visualizations. These results and the probabilistic formulation of this inverse problem justify the extension of our GAN-based inverse design paradigm to other inverse design problems or broader inverse problems.
Analytical Limit Load Procedure for the Axial Complex Shaped Defect in a Pressurized Pipe
Authors: Orynyak Igor , Bai Julia , Mazuryk Roman
Published: October 2021

The paper is devoted to elaboration of the analytical O-procedure for the limit load analysis of complex shaped axial defect in a pressurized pipe. It is based on the classical lower bound theorem of the theory of plasticity, and consists in construction of the statically admissible solution, where distribution of stress satisfies to the equilibrium equations and strength conditions. O-procedure is an optimization process to get the most favorable stress distribution for providing the maximal pressure. It allows to explicitly account for the variable geometrical and physical parameters. Contrary to other approaches, the derived formula for rectangular defect is only a particular case of the general procedure application. Four different methods for the complex defects are compared. They are: first, ASME, A-, rectangular defect formula combined with RSTRENG, R-, procedure, i.e., A–R approach; second, PCORRC, P-, formula with R-procedure, P–R approach; third, Orynyak's, O-, formula with R-procedure, O–R approach; and fourth, our universal O-procedure. The verification begins for rectangular defects where both theoretical and experimental comparison is performed for A-, P-, and O- formulas. The difference between them is small, provided that all three employ the same characteristic of material, here the ultimate strength. Then theoretical comparison for A–R, P–R, O–R approaches and O-procedure is performed for the artificial complex defects, for two symmetrical rectangular defects, for triangular defect. Experimental comparison between four methods is made based on the well-known University of Waterloo full scale tests.
Benchmark Analysis of Ductile Fracture Simulation for Circumferentially Cracked Pipes Subjected to Bending
Authors: Kumagai Tomohisa , Miura Yasufumi , Miura Naoki , Marie Stephane , Almahdi Remmal , Mano Akihiro , Li Yinsheng , Katsuyama Jinya , Wada Yoshitaka , Hwang Jin-ha , Kim Yun-Jae , Nagashima Toshio , Huh Nam-Su , Takahashi Akiyuki
Published: October 2021

To predict fracture behavior for ductile materials, some ductile fracture simulation methods different from classical approaches have been investigated based on appropriate models of ductile fracture. For the future use of the methods to overcome restrictions of classical approaches, the applicability to the actual components is of concern. In this study, two benchmark problems on the fracture tests supposing actual components were provided to investigate the prediction ability of simulation methods containing parameter decisions. One was the circumferentially through-wall and surface cracked pipes subjected to monotonic bending, and the other was the circumferentially through-wall cracked pipes subjected to cyclic bending. Participants predicted the ductile crack propagation behavior by their own approaches, including finite element method (FEM) employed Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) yielding function with void ratio criterion, are FEM employed GTN yielding function, FEM with fracture strain or energy criterion modified by stress triaxiality, extended FEM with J or ΔJ criterion, FEM with stress triaxiality and plastic strain based ductile crack propagation using FEM, and elastic-plastic peridynamics. Both the deformation and the crack propagation behaviors for monotonic bending were well reproduced, while few participants reproduced those for cyclic bending. To reproduce pipe deformation and fracture behaviors, most of the groups needed parameters that were determined to reproduce pipe deformation and fracture behaviors in benchmark problems themselves and it is still difficult to reproduce them by using parameters only from basic materials tests.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Transient Cavitating Flows in a Mixed Flow Pump With Different Number of Blades at Startup
Authors: Desheng Zhang , Qiang Zhou , Qi Gu , Guangjian Zhang , Bin Xu , Linlin Geng , van Esch B. P. M. (Bart)
Published: October 2021

The objective of this paper is to experimentally and numerically investigate the transient cavitation flow during the startup process of mixed flow pump with emphasis on studying the influence of blade numbers. The transient cavitation simulation was studied based on the improved SST k–ω turbulence model and the Zwart cavitation model. Firstly, in order to obtain the relationship between transient flow rate and the variation of rotational speed at startup, a theoretical analysis based on the fast transients of centrifugal pump was first applied to mixed flow pump and was verified by the current experiment study. Subsequently, the influence of blade number on the cavitation flow in the startup was studied. It is found that the transient cavitation could be classified into four stages regardless of the number of blades: no cavitation stage, the cavitation growth stage, the cavitation reduction stage and the cavitation stabilization stage. However, the blade number does have an impact on the spatial-temporal evolution of cavitation. More specifically, when the blade number increases, the initial cavitation appeared lately, the coverage area of the triangular cavitation cloud and sheet cavitation both decreased, and the increase in blade number has a better inhibitory effect on the sheet cavitation at the cavitation growth stage, and can make sheet cavitation disappear more quickly at the cavitation reduction stage.
Corrosion-Resistant Metal-Ceramic Composite Coatings for Tribological Applications
Authors: Renner Peter , Jha Swarn , Chen Yan , Chagouri Tariq , Kazadi Serge , Gharib Mohamed , Liang Hong
Published: October 2021

Effective design of corrosion-resistant coatings is critical for the protection of metals and alloys. Many state-of-the-art corrosion-resistant coatings are unable to satisfy the challenges in extreme environments for tribological applications, such as elevated or cryogenic temperatures, high mechanical loads and impacts, severe wear, chemical attack, or a combination of these. The nature of challenging conditions demands that coatings have high corrosion and wear resistance, sustained friction control, and maintain surface integrity. In this research, multi-performance metal-ceramic composite coatings were developed for applications in harsh environments. These coatings were developed with an easy to fabricate, low-cost, and safe procedure. The coating consisted of boron nitride, graphite, silicon carbide, and transition metals such as chromium or nickel using epoxy as vehicle and bonding agent. Salt spray (SS) corrosion tests showed that 1010 carbon steel (1/4 hard temper) substrates lost 20–100 × more mass than the coatings. The potentiodynamic polarization study showed better performance of the coatings by seven orders of magnitude in terms of corrosion relative to the substrate. Additionally, the corrosion rates of the coatings with Ni as an additive were five orders of magnitude lower than reported. The coefficient of friction (COF) of coatings was as low as 0.1, five to six times lower than that of epoxy and lower than a wide range of epoxy resin-based coatings found in literature. Coatings developed here exhibited potential in applications in challenging environments for tribological applications.
Section 1. Introduction
Authors:   ASME Committee
Published: October 2021

This document has been prepared by the Water Technology Subcommittee of the ASME Research and Technology Committee on Steam and Water in Thermal Systems as a consensus of proper current operating practices for the control of feedwater and boiler water chemistry in the operation of industrial and institutional, high duty, primary fuel fired boilers. These practices are aimed at minimizing corrosion, deposition, cleaning requirements, and unscheduled outages in the steam generators and associated condensate, feedwater and steam systems for boilers, and steam system components which are currently available. This publication is an expansion and revision of the operating practice consensus documents previously issued by the Committee [1-3]. The tabulated values herein update and replace the ones previously published. Titles have been edited and clarified. The text has been reordered and modified where necessary. THE TEXT IS OF PRIME IMPORTANCE AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FULLY BEFORE USING THE TABULATED VALUES. One Appendix has been added to provide additional guidance.
Boilers Covered by this Standard
Authors:   ASME Committee
Published: October 2021

The tables provided herein, and the seven classes of boilers covered in this document are provided in the following lists. The tables and accompanying notes for each should be considered together when using the data presented.
Diversifying bioenergy crops increases yield and yield stability by reducing weed abundance
Authors: Jungers Jacob M. , Yang Yi , Fernandez Christopher W. , Isbell Forest , Lehman Clarence , Wyse Don , Sheaffer Craig
Published: October 2021

Increasing species diversity of bioenergy crops increases yield, reduces annual fluctuations in yield, and limits weed abundance.
Quasi-1D exciton channels in strain-engineered 2D materials
Authors: Dirnberger Florian , Ziegler Jonas D. , Faria Junior Paulo E. , Bushati Rezlind , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Fabian Jaroslav , Bougeard Dominique , Chernikov Alexey , Menon Vinod M.
Published: October 2021

Nanowires induce mechanical deformations in monolayer semiconductors, creating potential channels that guide optical excitations.
HIV-1 propagation is highly dependent on basal levels of the restriction factor BST2
Authors: Olety Balaji , Peters Paul , Wu Yuanfei , Usami Yoshiko , Göttlinger Heinrich
Published: October 2021

HIV spreading relies on a key component of antiviral immunity that tethers nascent virions to the surface of infected cells.
ATP-binding cassette protein ABCF1 couples transcription and genome surveillance in embryonic stem cells through low-complexity domain
Authors: Choi Eun-Bee , Vodnala Munender , Zerbato Madeleine , Wang Jianing , Ho Jaclyn J. , Inouye Carla , Ding Lai , Fong Yick W.
Published: October 2021

DNA sensor ABCF1 links genome surveillance to pluripotency gene transcription in embryonic stem cells.
Lack of CD8
+
T cell effector differentiation during priming mediates checkpoint blockade resistance in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Horton Brendan L. , Morgan Duncan M. , Momin Noor , Zagorulya Maria , Torres-Mejia Elen , Bhandarkar Vidit , Wittrup K. Dane , Love J. Christopher , Spranger Stefani
Published: October 2021

A lung cancer–specific form of CD8
+
T cell dysfunction is established during T cell priming and contributes to ICB resistance.
George Victor Du Noyer’s large format paintings: Nineteenth-century lecture slides
Authors: Parkes* Matthew Alastair
Published: October 2021

The National Museum of Ireland’s natural history collections include a range of large format artworks, many of paleontological subjects, which were painted by George Victor Du Noyer, the celebrated nineteenth-century geologist, antiquarian, and artist who worked for both the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI). Letterbook references in the archives of GSI indicate that most, if not all of these, were commissioned by Joseph Beete Jukes, director of the GSI, for different public lecture series. The artistic qualities of the work suggest they were done at speed. However, they also are designed to be seen from a distance within a lecture hall, so an apparently crude technique is appropriate to the purpose. In effect, the watercolor paintings in this series are the PowerPoint presentation of the 1850s.
Fossil illustrations in three dimensions: Ward’s models at Cornell University
Authors: Brice* William R.
Published: October 2021

Some fossil examples are rare, but the educational value of such samples is undeniable. One way around this dilemma, and one that was popular in the late 1800s and early 1900s, was to have students study 3-D models; this solution was used by many universities, among them Cornell University. One of the main, but not the only, suppliers of such models was Ward’s Natural Science Establishment of Rochester, New York, USA, which was founded in 1862 by Henry Augustus Ward (1834–1906). Even today the use of virtual, computer-generated 3-D models in classroom laboratories indicates how important 3-D visualization continues to be. But a computer image cannot be held in one’s hands, so the use of 3-D printer technology allows students to create their own physical models. However, none of these technologies can totally replace seeing and working with actual specimens or life-sized reproductions. Thus, museum displays are still an important aspect of educational activity for both students and the general public. This chapter explores how Cornell University made use of the models purchased from Ward’s in the late 1800s and the fate of some of these replicas.
The present is the key to the paleo-past: Charles R. Knight’s reconstruction of extinct beasts for the Field Museum, Chicago
Authors: Clary* Renee M.
Published: October 2021

Although he was legally blind, Charles R. Knight (1874–1953) established himself as the premier paleontological artist in the early 1900s. When the Field Museum, Chicago, commissioned a series of large paintings to document the evolution of life, Knight was the obvious choice. Knight considered himself an artist guided by science; he researched and illustrated living animals and modern landscapes to better understand and represent extinct life forms within their paleoecosystems. Knight began the process by examining fossil skeletons; he then constructed small models to recreate the animals’ life anatomy and investigate lighting. Once details were finalized, Knight supervised assistants to transfer the study painting to the final mural. The Field Museum mural process, a monumental task of translating science into public art, was accompanied by a synergistic tension between Knight, who wanted full control over his artwork, and the museum’s scientific staff; the correct position of an Eocene whale’s tail—whether uplifted or not—documents a critical example. Although modern scientific understanding has rendered some of Knight’s representations obsolete, the majority of his 28 murals remain on display in the Field Museum’s Evolving Planet exhibit. Museum educators contrast these murals with contemporary paleontological knowledge, thereby demonstrating scientific progress for better public understanding of the nature of science.
Supplemental Material: Morphologic signatures of autogenic waterfalls: A case study in the San Gabriel Mountains, California
Authors: Groh Erika L. , Scheingross Joel
Published: October 2021

Supplemental text with methods, six figures, four tables, and MATLAB code.
Supplemental Material: Solid as a rock: Tectonic control of graben extension and dike propagation
Authors: Kolzenburg Stephan , al. et
Published: October 2021

Section S1 (chronology of seismic and volcanic events throughout the rifting episode), Section S2 (methods used for generation and processing of the remote sensing data that were employed to generate the DEMs used in this study), and Section S3 (methods for generation of detailed structural maps from the high-resolution orthophotos).
Supplemental Material: Mississippian southern Laurentia tuffs came from a northern Gondwana arc
Authors: Tian Hepeng , al. et
Published: October 2021

Description of tuffs, analytical methods, and results, Figures S1–S7, and Tables S1–S5.
Supplemental Material: Moho carbonation at an ocean-continent transition
Authors: Coltat Rémi , al. et
Published: October 2021

Brief description of the analytical methods, a brief petrographic description of the carbonated rocks studied, and a table summarizing O, C, and Sr isotope compositions of carbonates.
Supplemental Material: Holocene wet episodes recorded by magnetic minerals in stalagmites from Soreq Cave, Israel
Authors: Burstyn Yuval , al. et
Published: October 2021

Extended site description, methods, age model, and results, including data tables.
Evaluation of the efficacy of an intersection conflict warning system at two-way stop-controlled rural intersections: difference-in-differences and triple-difference analytical approaches
Authors: Tian Disi , Gerberich Susan G , Kim Hyun , Ryan Andrew D , Erickson Darin J , Morris Nichole L
Published: October 2021

Objective

Intersection conflict warning systems (ICWSs) have been implemented at high-risk two-way stop-controlled intersections to prevent right-angle crashes and associated injuries. This study involved investigation of the impacts of ICWSs on crash reductions.

Methods

The study used a quasi-experimental design to analyse the potential causal relations between Minnesota’s ICWSs and various crash rate outcomes (including total, injury, non-injury, targeted right-angle and non-right-angle crashes) in pre-post analyses. A restricted randomisation method enabled identification of three controls to each ICWS treatment intersection, and included as many comparable intersection characteristics as possible. Annual crash rates (per year per intersection) were analysed over the same periods before and after system activation for treatment and control intersections in each matched group. Pre-crash data for 3 years and post-crash data for up to 5 years were included, ranging from 2010 to 2018. Negative binomial regression models with generalised estimating equations were applied to estimate the average, immediate and continuing treatment effects of ICWSs, through the difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-difference approaches, respectively.

Results

The ICWS treatment was significantly associated with a decreasing trend for targeted right-angle crash rates posttreatment. Although not statistically significant, most crash rate outcomes appeared to be elevated immediately after treatment (statistically significant for sideswipe crashes only). Pre–post differences in average crash rates (over entire periods), except for incapacitating injury-related crashes, were not statistically significant between treatment and control intersections.

Conclusions

The study provided important insight into potential causal associations between intersection safety countermeasures and crashes at high-risk rural two-way stop-controlled intersections.
Molecular diagnoses in the congenital malformations caused by ciliopathies cohort of the 100,000 Genomes Project
Authors: Best Sunayna , Lord Jenny , Roche Matthew , Watson Christopher M , Poulter James A , Bevers Roel P J , Stuckey Alex , Szymanska Katarzyna , Ellingford Jamie M , Carmichael Jenny , Brittain Helen , Toomes Carmel , Inglehearn Chris , Johnson Colin A , Wheway Gabrielle
Published: October 2021

Background

Primary ciliopathies represent a group of inherited disorders due to defects in the primary cilium, the ‘cell’s antenna’. The 100,000 Genomes Project was launched in 2012 by Genomics England (GEL), recruiting National Health Service (NHS) patients with eligible rare diseases and cancer. Sequence data were linked to Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms entered by recruiting clinicians.

Methods

Eighty-three prescreened probands were recruited to the 100,000 Genomes Project suspected to have congenital malformations caused by ciliopathies in the following disease categories: Bardet-Biedl syndrome (n=45), Joubert syndrome (n=14) and ‘Rare Multisystem Ciliopathy Disorders’ (n=24). We implemented a bespoke variant filtering and analysis strategy to improve molecular diagnostic rates for these participants.

Results

We determined a research molecular diagnosis for n=43/83 (51.8%) probands. This is 19.3% higher than previously reported by GEL (n=27/83 (32.5%)). A high proportion of diagnoses are due to variants in non-ciliopathy disease genes (n=19/43, 44.2%) which may reflect difficulties in clinical recognition of ciliopathies. n=11/83 probands (13.3%) had at least one causative variant outside the tiers 1 and 2 variant prioritisation categories (GEL’s automated triaging procedure), which would not be reviewed in standard 100,000 Genomes Project diagnostic strategies. These include four structural variants and three predicted to cause non-canonical splicing defects. Two unrelated participants have biallelic likely pathogenic variants in LRRC45, a putative novel ciliopathy disease gene.

Conclusion

These data illustrate the power of linking large-scale genome sequence to phenotype information. They demonstrate the value of research collaborations in order to maximise interpretation of genomic data.
Locked-in Guillain-Barré syndrome: ‘my living nightmare’
Authors: Kumta Neha , Carter Angus , Schuller Peter , Evans Hannah , Graffunder Anika
Published: October 2021

A 48-year-old man with severe Guillain-Barré syndrome suffered complete paralysis, and for 31 days could not communicate with the outside world, while remaining fully conscious. After recovery, he provided feedback on aspects of his care, such as mechanical ventilation, physical therapy, and communication. Conventional low tidal volume normocapnic ventilation induced ongoing and profound dyspnoea, occasionally relieved by modest increases in minute ventilation. Routine and apparently benign physical therapy was extremely painful, which was not reflected in heart rate or blood pressure changes. When he eventually re-established communication after many weeks, via slight eye movements, his first message was to express a particular distressing symptom. His case is a valuable reminder of the sometimes large gap between clinical measurements and assumptions and the subjective patient experience. We propose several approaches to address such issues in other paralysed but conscious patients.
Myelopathy associated with intrathecal methotrexate
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro Gustavo Barros , Lima Talles Tavares de , Duarte Fernando Barroso , Nóbrega Paulo Ribeiro
Published: October 2021

A 21-year-old man developed progressive and bilateral lower limb numbness, gait impairment and urinary incontinence over 10 days. He had received intrathecal methotrexate 20 days previously for acute lymphoblastic B-cell leukaemia, following 7 months of systemic chemotherapy. MR scan of the spinal cord showed bilateral symmetric and extensive T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) increased signal involving the dorsal columns in the thoracic cord. His serum folate concentration was at the lower end of the normal range. We stopped the intrathecal chemotherapy and gave folate; after a few days, he progressively improved. Myelopathy is an important adverse effect of intrathecal methotrexate, which may cause clinical and imaging features resembling subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. CNS infiltration must be excluded, intrathecal chemotherapy stopped and deficiency of folate or vitamin B12 treated as appropriate.
Non-invasive ventilation versus invasive weaning in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Burns Karen E A , Stevenson James , Laird Matthew , Adhikari Neill K J , Li Yuchong , Lu Cong , He Xiaolin , Wang Wentao , Liang Zhenting , Chen Lu , Zhang Haibo , Friedrich Jan O
Published: October 2021

Background

Extubation to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been investigated as a strategy to wean critically ill adults from invasive ventilation and reduce ventilator-related complications.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, proceedings of four conferences and bibliographies (to June 2020) for randomised and quasi-randomised trials that compared extubation with immediate application of NIV to continued invasive weaning in intubated adults and reported mortality (primary outcome) or other outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened citations, assessed trial quality and abstracted data.

Results

We identified 28 trials, of moderate-to-good quality, involving 2066 patients, 44.6% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Non-invasive weaning significantly reduced mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.74; high quality), weaning failures (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.81; high quality), pneumonia (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.41; high quality), intensive care unit (ICU) (mean difference (MD) −4.62 days, 95% CI −5.91 to −3.34) and hospital stay (MD −6.29 days, 95% CI −8.90 to −3.68). Non-invasive weaning also significantly reduced the total duration of ventilation, duration of invasive ventilation and duration of ventilation related to weaning (MD −0.57, 95% CI −1.08 to −0.07) and tracheostomy rate. Mortality, pneumonia, reintubation and ICU stay were significantly lower in trials enrolling COPD (vs mixed) populations.

Conclusion

Non-invasive weaning significantly reduced mortality, pneumonia and the duration of ventilation related to weaning, particularly in patients with COPD. Beneficial effects are less clear (or more careful patient selection is required) in non-COPD patients.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020201402.
Reconstruction of isostatically adjusted paleo-strandlines along the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the Great Lakes, Lake Agassiz, and Champlain Sea basins
Authors: Lewis C.F. Michael , Breckenridge Andy J. , Teller James T.
Published: October 2021

Strandlines document the former presence of lakes and a sea in east-central North America along the southern margin of the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). The strandlines of these formerly level water bodies are uplifted to the north and provide evidence of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the Earth’s crust to the former ice load. We compile published ages and measurements of the present elevation and location of shore features in the strandlines of eight major paleo-water bodies from the St. Lawrence Valley to the northern Great Plains in digital format as an aid for the numerical modelling of GIA. Data for eastern water bodies were extracted and digitized from publications during the past 120 years. Digital position coordinates were scaled from published maps of survey sites or were determined using Google Earth Pro software. Published data for paleo-lakes Duluth and Agassiz were mainly obtained from field measurements and digital elevation models. Two-sigma or 95% probability values are provided for the strandline ages and for isobase (contour) positions representing the deformed water surfaces. Peak strandline gradients reported here were largest at about ca. 13 000 years ago. Lower strandline gradients for older shores may reveal areas closer to the peripheral bulge and areas of thinner ice (lighter crustal loads). Concave upward strandline profiles characterize most paleo-basins, whereas a linear uplift profile characterizes the Champlain Sea strandline. Directions of strandline maximum uplift within the former water body basins point toward the thickest part of the LIS near the Quebec–Labrador ice dome.
POLICY UNCERTAINTY AND THE DEMAND FOR MONEY IN SINGAPORE: AN ASYMMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: BAHMANI-OSKOOEE MOHSEN , AFTAB MUHAMMAD , BAHMANI SAHAR
Published: October 2021

In search of a stable demand for money, almost all previous studies include two uncertainty measures captured by the volatility of the money supply and output. While in some countries, this yielded a stable demand for money, in some others, it did not. The latter was the case for Singapore. In this paper, we use a relatively more new and comprehensive measure of uncertainty known as policy uncertainty that is a news-based measure, and revisit the demand for money in Singapore. Our approach not only yields a stable demand for money in Singapore, but also reveals that the long-run effects of policy uncertainty on the demand for money are asymmetric. While increased uncertainty induces the public in Singapore to hold more money, decreased uncertainty does not affect.
FRACTIONAL ORDER ANALYSIS OF HBV AND HCV CO-INFECTION UNDER ABC DERIVATIVE
Authors: ALRABAIAH HUSSAM , RAHMAN MATI UR , MAHARIQ IBRAHIM , BUSHNAQ SAMIA , ARFAN MUHAMMAD
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we consider a fractional mathematical model describing the co-infection of HBV and HCV under the non-singular Mittag-Leffler derivative. We also investigate the qualitative analysis for at least one solution and a unique solution by applying the approach fixed point theory. For an approximate solution, the technique of the iterative fractional order Adams–Bashforth scheme has been implemented. The simulation for the proposed scheme has been drawn at various fractional order values lying between (0,1) and integer-order of 1 via using Matlab. All the compartments have shown convergence and stability with time. A detailed comparative result has been given by the different fractional orders, which showed that the stability was achieved more rapidly at low orders.
A new characterization of null scrolls as parallel surfaces
Authors: Ünlütürk Yasin
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we present a theorem which explains the necessary onditions for parallel surfaces of null scrolls to be surfaces again. Then, we give some properties of parallel ruled surfaces such as the frame fields in terms of the original base curve’s frame vectors, the cases of cross products of these frames’ vector fields. Also, we show the parallel ruled surfaces to be developable from a different point of view. Additionally, we obtain a relation between Gauss curvatures and mean curvatures. Finally, we characterize the striction curve of the parallel ruled surface. In the example, we draw a graph for a particular null scroll and its parallel surface.
On the local irregularity vertex coloring of volcano, broom, parachute, double broom and complete multipartite graphs
Authors: Kristiana Arika Indah , Nikmah Nafidatun , Dafik  , Alfarisi Ridho , Hasan M. Ali , Slamin
Published: October 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple, finite, undirected, and connected graph with vertex set [Formula: see text] and edge set [Formula: see text]. A bijection [Formula: see text] is label function [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] and for any two adjacent vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is set of vertices adjacent to [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is called local irregularity vertex coloring. The minimum cardinality of local irregularity vertex coloring of [Formula: see text] is called chromatic number local irregular denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we verify the exact values of volcano, broom, parachute, double broom and complete multipartite graphs.
Designing a Predictive Model for Antiretroviral Regimen at the Antiretroviral Therapy Center in Chiro Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Nemomsa Gadissa , Azath M.
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, the huge amount of patient’s data significantly increases with respect to the time in repositories and data mining is increasingly used as an emerging research area in medical fields for extracting useful and previously unknown insights/patterns from the repository data. These unknown patterns/hidden insights can help in discovering new knowledge hidden in these data repositories. From the observation, different ARV regimens were ordered for different patients. However, combination of these drugs causes different side effects on the patients. It has been observed that there was a lack of predictive studies and designed models available in hospitals specifically ART Centers that accurately determine or classify the patient’s ARV regimen to TDF + 3TC + EFV, TDF + 3TC + NVP, AZT + 3TC + ATV/R, AZT + 3TC + LPV/R, TDF + 3TC + LVP/R, TDF + 3TC + ATV/R, 8888, and ABC + 3TC + LPV/R. In order to solve these kinds of problems, we built an accurate classifier system or model using parameters like Patient Age, Patient Encounter Day, Patient Encounter Month, Patient Encounter Year, Patient Weight, Patient CD4 Count Adult, Patient TB Screen, Patient Following WHO Stage, Patient CD4 Percent Child, Patient Regimen Specify, Patient Regimen, and so on. The general objective of this research was predictive modeling for the patient’s ARV regimen class through data mining techniques so as to improve them. The study used the CRIPS-DM methodology to find and interpret patterns in repositories. A decision tree (J48 and Random Forest) algorithm was used for classification. Using all tested classifiers, the investigation of the study shows that the total accuracy was more than 60%. On the other hand, among different classifications, class H (ABC + 3TC + LPV/R) has shown the worst prediction. But it was revealed that the J48 classifier relatively produces higher classification accuracy for the D (AZT-3TC-NVP) regimen. Here, classification depended on the selected parameters, which revealed that prediction accuracy value differed among all classifiers and the selected attributes. Finally, the study concluded that data mining can be used as a significant technique to discover patient regimen based on salient affecting factors with 96.1% precision achieved. Ensemble learning resolves the categorizing models of greater anticipating performance with different learning algorithms. This model aligned with sentimental investigation to magnify the appearances of the dataset either from the social media or from primary data collection. The empirical investigation with different parameters shows the detailed improvement of their learning methods.
Bounds for the Jensen Gap in terms of Power Means with Applications
Authors: You Xuexiao , Adil Khan Muhammad , Moradi Hamid Reza
Published: October 2021

Jensen’s and its related inequalities have attracted the attention of several mathematicians due to the fact that Jensen’s inequality has numerous applications in almost all disciplines of mathematics and in other fields of science. In this article, we propose new bounds for the difference of two sides of Jensen’s inequality in terms of power means. An example has been presented for the importance and support of the main results. Related results have been given in quantum calculus. As consequences, improvements of quantum integral version of Hermite-Hadamard inequality have been derived. The obtained inequalities have been applied for some well-known inequalities such as Hermite-Hadamrd, Hölder, and power mean inequalities. Finally, some applications are given in information theory. The tools performed for obtaining the main results may be applied to obtain more results for other inequalities.
Recent Advances in Molten-Carbonate Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Separation: Focus on Material Selection, Geometry, and Surface Modification
Authors: Afzal Shabana , Khan Atif
Published: October 2021

Membranes for carbon dioxide permeation have been recognized as potential candidates for CO2 separation technology, particularly in the energy sector. Supported molten-salt membranes provide ionic routes to facilitate carbon dioxide transport across the membrane, permit the use of membrane at higher temperature, and offer selectivity based on ionic affinity of targeted compound. In this review, molten-carbonate ceramic membranes have been evaluated for CO2 separation. Various research studies regarding mechanisms of permeation, properties of molten salt, significance of material selection, geometry of support materials, and surface modifications have been assessed with reference to membrane stabilities and operational flux rates. In addition, the outcomes of permeation experiments, stability tests, selection of the compatible materials, and the role of interfacial reactions for membrane degradation have also been discussed. At the end, major challenges and possible solutions are highlighted along with future recommendations for fabricating efficient carbon dioxide separation membranes.
Cooperative Coevolution with Two-Stage Decomposition for Large-Scale Global Optimization Problems
Authors: Yue H. D. , Sun Y.
Published: October 2021

Cooperative coevolution (CC) is an effective framework for solving large-scale global optimization (LSGO) problems. However, CC with static decomposition method is ineffective for fully nonseparable problems, and CC with dynamic decomposition method to decompose problems is computationally costly. Therefore, a two-stage decomposition (TSD) method is proposed in this paper to decompose LSGO problems using as few computational resources as possible. In the first stage, to decompose problems using low computational resources, a hybrid-pool differential grouping (HPDG) method is proposed, which contains a hybrid-pool-based detection structure (HPDS) and a unit vector-based perturbation (UVP) strategy. In the second stage, to decompose the fully nonseparable problems, a known information-based dynamic decomposition (KIDD) method is proposed. Analytical methods are used to demonstrate that HPDG has lower decomposition complexity compared to state-of-the-art static decomposition methods. Experiments show that CC with TSD is a competitive algorithm for solving LSGO problems.
Application of Some Fixed-Point Theorems in Orthogonal Extended S-Metric Spaces
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad Mahdi , Sedghi Shaban , Parvaneh Vahid
Published: October 2021

In this study, we obtain some coincidence point theorems for weakly

O

-

α

-admissible contractive mappings in an orthogonal extended

S

-metric space. An example and an application are provided to illustrate the usability of the obtained results. Our results generalize the results of several studies from metric and

S

-metric frameworks to the setting of orthogonal extended

S

-metric spaces.
Clinical Evaluation of Pinggan Yiqi Yangshen Recipe Combined with Labetalol Hydrochloride and Magnesium Sulfate in the Treatment of PIH
Authors: Li Ping , Zhao Jie , Gao Peipei , Qu Hongcui
Published: October 2021

Background. To observe the clinical effect of Pinggan Yiqi Yangshen recipe combined with labetalol hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Methods. A total of 126 patients with PIH diagnosed in our hospital from January 2016 to May 2018 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 63 cases in each group. The control group was treated with labetalol combined with magnesium sulfate. On the basis of the control group, the experimental group was treated with Pinggan Yiqi Yangshen recipe. Clinical efficacy, blood pressure, renal function, and biochemical indexes were compared between the two groups. Moreover, pregnancy outcomes and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results. After treatment, the total effective rate in the experimental group was higher than in the control group. Blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the experimental group were more significantly downregulated than the control group. Renal function indexes and biochemical indexes in the experimental group were more significant than those in the control group. The incidence of cesarean section, preterm birth, and abnormal fetal heart rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was no difference in the incidence of fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, and adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion. Pinggan Yiqi Yangshen recipe combined with labetalol hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate can effectively reduce the blood pressure of patients with PIH, help patients to return to normal levels of biochemical indexes and renal function indexes, and improve pregnancy outcomes with high safety, which is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.