bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimalinvasive Anastomosentechniken am Gastrointestinaltrakt
Authors: Soltesz Tim , Müller Dolores Thea , Dieplinger Georg , Fuchs Hans Friedrich
Published: April 2024

Aufgrund des zunehmenden Einsatzes der Robotik im Bereich der Chirurgie des Gastrointestinaltraktes bietet dieser Beitrag einen Leitfaden zu unterschiedlichen Anastomosentechniken bei der robotisch assistierten transthorakalen Ivor-Lewis-Ösophagektomie (RAMIE), der robotisch assistierten onkologischen Gastrektomie (RAMIG) sowie der robotischen Hemikolektomie rechts. Es werden die relevanten Operationsschritte dargestellt mit Fokus auf die verschiedenen Rekonstruktionen mittels robotisch assistierter Naht oder Verwendung eines Stapler Devices.

Die onkologische Entscheidungsfindung und insbesondere die Wahl der chirurgischen Therapie und das Ausmaß der Resektion hängen immer von der Lokalisation des Tumors, der Histologie und den individuellen Risikofaktoren des Patienten ab. Beim Magenkarzinom im Stadium ≥ IB wird ein multimodales Vorgehen empfohlen, das eine perioperative Chemotherapie in Kombination mit einer chirurgischen Resektion mit kurativer Absicht umfasst. Für Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenen Adenokarzinomen oder Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Ösophagus ist die multimodale Behandlung heute ebenfalls der Goldstandard. Nach Abschluss der neoadjuvanten Vorbehandlung sowie Durchführung eines Re-Stagings erfolgt komplettierend die operative Resektion.

Bei dem nicht metastasierten Kolonkarzinom ist eine primäre radikale onkologische Resektion im Sinne eines kurativen Therapiekonzeptes durchzuführen, gefolgt von einer adjuvanten Therapie bei fortgeschrittenem Befund.

Dieses Manuskript sowie das begleitende Video erläutern die Rekonstruktionstechnik nach RAMIG sowohl als robotisch genähte Technik mittels V-Lock-3–0-Nähten als auch die Rekonstruktion mittels Linearstapler als alternative Technik. Für die RAMIE wird die Rekonstruktion mittels Zirkularstapler und intrathorakaler Anastomose als Standard gezeigt. Für die robotische Hemikolektomie wird eine Rekonstruktion mittels Linearstapler gezeigt.

Verschiedene Möglichkeiten der robotischen Rekonstruktion sowohl nach robotischer Gastrektomie, nach robotischer Hemikolektomie als auch nach robotischer Ösophagektomie beinhalten robotisch genähte Techniken sowie die Anwendung von Stapler Devices. Eine Evidenz zum Vergleich der verschiedenen Techniken, insbesondere in der robotischen Chirurgie im Gastrointestinaltrakt, fehlt bislang, die Methoden zeigen sich in der klinischen Anwendung jedoch sicher durchführbar mit guten postoperativen Ergebnissen. Kommende Studien werden sich einem Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Rekonstruktionsmethoden in der robotischen Chirurgie widmen.
Introduction of an N-Amino Group onto 4-(Tetrazol-5-yl)-5-nitro-1,2,3-triazole: A Strategy for Enhancing the Density and Performance of Energetic Materials
Authors: Huang Haifeng , Yang Jun , Huang Xun , Zhao Pinxu
Published: April 2024

2-Amino-5-nitro-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,3-triazole (HANTT), its corresponding energetic salts and a dimeric azo compound are successfully synthesized. Compared to 5-nitro-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,3-triazole (H2NTT), the neutral N-amino compound HANTT exhibits excellent properties in many aspects, including a higher density (ρ = 1.86 g cm–3), a better detonation performance (D
v = 8931 m s–1, P = 32.2 GPa) and a higher thermal decomposition temperature (T
d = 237 °C). Among the prepared materials, the hydroxylammonium energetic salt exhibits the best detonation performance (D
v = 9096 m s–1, P = 32.8 GPa) and an acceptable mechanical sensitivity (IS = 12 J, FS = 144 N). HANTT, the energetic salts and the azo compound are fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.
An Overview of Surgical Management of Portal Hypertension in Children
Authors: Khalil Mazhar , Hashimoto Koji
Published: April 2024

Pediatric portal hypertension is a relatively rare but a life-threatening problem. With advancements in understanding of portal hypertension physiology and lessons learned from management in adults, medical management is playing an increasing role. However, certain conditions are amenable to surgical management. Key considerations for surgical options are state of liver parenchyma and preservation of liver function. In cases of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, Meso-Rex bypass or shunt can offer a long-term solution. Similarly in select group of patients, selective or central shunts can be considered. With advancement in liver transplantation, there are very few indications for non-transplant surgical procedures for the management of portal hypertension.
Factors Affecting Performance on a Screening Tool in Persons with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Stierwalt Jordan , Stierwalt Julie A.G. , Clark Heather , Burda Angela , Benavidez Kiley Hanna , Collins Erica , Kortemeyer Morgan , Miller Elizabeth , Peckenschneider Grace , Schieltz Elizabeth , Shah Yashvi , Simon Kayleigh
Published: April 2024

Persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) are at risk of developing cognitive impairments and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study examined the relationship between performance of the ALS-Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS) and the demographic parameters of sex, education, time post–ALS diagnosis, and severity of symptoms. Data were collected retrospectively from 69 participants seen at the Mayo Clinic. Correlations were conducted on the ALS-CBS total scores and subsection scores and the above listed parameters; t-tests were conducted between participant subgroups. No statistically significant relationships or differences occurred between the ALS-CBS or its subsections and the variables measured with exception of age and the attention subsection. Older participants had lower ALS-CBS attention subsection scores. Based on the ALS-CBS scores, most participants had some degree of cognitive impairments: 43 had suspected cognitive impairment, 8 had suspected FTD; 18 fell within the normal range of cognitive function. Overall, the variables of sex, education, time post-diagnosis, and severity of symptoms do not appear to influence ALS-CBS scores. It is recommended cognitive screenings be completed for all PALS due to the high risk for developing cognitive impairments and FTD. Such knowledge can help clinicians develop assessment and treatment plans.
Praxissensitiv und verifiziert: Valide Fachinformationen am Point of Care
Authors: Bauner Mareike
Published: April 2024

Qualitätsgesicherte medizinische Fachinformationen, bereitgestellt in digitalen Tools am Point of Care, unterstützen die behandelnden Ärzt*innen bei der strukturierten Befundung und helfen bei der Therapieentscheidung. Sie können in diesem Kontext zudem Risiken senken und so zu einer besseren Patientenversorgung beitragen. Individuell kuratierter, in einem zertifizierten QMS prozessierter Thieme Content kann über die Programmierschnittstelle der einfachen Gesundheitssoftware „valknowMED“ passgenau in die Systeme von Ko-operationspartnern und Kunden ausgespielt werden und ist so unmittelbar im Behandlungsprozess verfügbar.
Arbeitszeitmodelle: Bundesrat will weniger Leiharbeit in der Pflege
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Der Bundesrat hat Anfang Februar über eine Initiative aus Bayern zur Leiharbeit zur Reduzierung von Leiharbeit in der Pflege entschieden. Dieser wird jetzt an die Bundesregierung weitergeleitet – jedoch ohne feste Fristvorgaben.
Sana entwickelt eigenes PDMS: Millionenauftrag für „Mona“
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: April 2024

Sana macht sich beim Datenmanagement von Geräteherstellern unabhängig. Für sein eigenes PDMS kauft der Konzern bei dem MedTech-Startup Clinomic mehr als 200 Terminals des Systems „Mona“. Es macht u.a. die Papierkurve überflüssig.
Digitale Plattformen: Blaupausen für den Erfolg
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: April 2024

Für die Anbindung neuer Systeme an die vorhandene Software eines Krankenhauses gibt es verschiedene Optionen. Blueprints und andere Datendrehscheiben können den Workflow enorm erleichtern.
IT-Sicherheit und Regulatorik: So stärken Krankenhäuser ihre Cyberresilienz
Authors: Asma Jörg , Dillschneider Jutta , Tonnius Patrick
Published: April 2024

Als wesentlicher Bestandteil der kritischen Infrastruktur müssen große Krankenhäuser längst ihre Cybersicherheit an definierten Standards ausrichten. Mit der neuen NIS-2-Richtlinie der EU verschärfen sich die Vorgaben nun auch für kleinere Kliniken.
Operational Technology: Der unerwartete Angriff
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: April 2024

Steuerungssysteme in technischen Anlagen, Gebäuden oder Medizingeräten könnten Prognosen zufolge verstärkt ins Visier von Cyberkriminellen geraten. Sind die Krankenhäuser organisatorisch auf diese Bedrohung vorbereitet? Ein neuer Leitfaden des Fachverbands Finsoz unterstützt Unternehmen bei der Prävention.
Risikomanageme: Das Krankenhaus und die Steuern
Authors: Hofinger Christian
Published: April 2024

Die Liste der Kliniken, welche in den vergangenen Jahren in den Fokus der Steuerfahndung gerückt sind, ist stetig gewachsen. Durch die Implementierung eines wirksamen Tax-Compliance-Management-Systems (Tax-CMS) können Krankenhäuser ihre steuerlichen Risiken begrenzen.
Sicherung der Krankenhausversorgung: Innovative Dienstplanmodelle in der Pflege
Authors: Andersch-Rupprecht Claudia , Hinz Florian , Lauerer Michael , Nagel Eckhard
Published: April 2024

Als Katalysator des Pflegenotstandes hat die Covid-19-Pandemie die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung der beruflichen Pflege hervorgehoben und die bereits existierenden Herausforderungen in diesem Bereich verdeutlicht. Es bleibt jedoch die Frage: Was tun gegen den Fachkräftemangel und die Fluktuation in der Pflege?
Bridging the gap between criminology and computer vision: A multidisciplinary approach to curb gun violence
Authors: Houser Tyler E. , McMillan Alan , Dong Beidi
Published: April 2024

Gun violence significantly threatens tens of thousands of people annually in the United States. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary approach to address this issue. Specifically, we bridge the gap between criminology and computer vision by exploring the applicability of firearm object detection algorithms to the criminal justice system. By situating firearm object detection algorithms in situational crime prevention, we outline how they could enhance the current use of closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems to mitigate gun violence. We elucidate our approach to training a firearm object detection algorithm and describe why its results are meaningful to scholars beyond the realm of computer vision. Lastly, we discuss limitations associated with object detection algorithms and why they are valuable to criminal justice practices.
Translation, transmission and indigenization of Christianity in nineteenth-century China: south-to-north travel of the disguised San Zi Jing by Medhurst
Authors: Wang Pei , Xu Mingwu
Published: April 2024

The Chinese traditional educational primer San Zi Jing (三字经) was immensely appreciated by Western missionaries, who frequently leveraged it to spur Chinese-language learning or to decipher Chinese thought. Walter Henry Medhurst (1796–1857), affiliated with the London Missionary Society (LMS), translated and reconstructed biblical scriptures into the format and style of the Chinese-language San Zi Jing, henceforth referred to as the “disguised San Zi Jing” in this article. The disguised San Zi Jing was initially published in Batavia in 1823 and reprinted in several locations, occasionally with minor modifications to its content. First, this study examines the complex qualities of the original San Zi Jing, which made it an ideal translation target, and the unique natures of the disguised San Zi Jing, which served as the ultimate translation product. Second, referencing Edward Said’s traveling theory, a diachronic investigation finds that the disguised San Zi Jing traveled in four stages, from Nanyang to Lingnan to Jiangnan and finally across Pan-China (more regions of China). Last, the article examines the indigenization process of the disguised San Zi Jing in space and content over time and analyzes the power dynamics underlying indigenization. The study contributes to translation history studies as well as studies of Christianity in China.
Mapping the landscape of university technology flows in China using patent assignment data
Authors: Ye Lei , Zhang Ting , Cao Xianzhong , Hu Senlin , Zeng Gang
Published: April 2024

The commercialization of intellectual property has become a fundamental avenue for universities to improve regional competitiveness. However, large-scale empirical studies on patent transfers, reflecting technology and knowledge sharing, remain limited. This study used social network analysis to investigate university technology flows in China based on patent assignments from technological, organizational, and regional perspectives. The results firstly revealed clear stage characteristics in the number of university patent assignments with the improvement of the Chinese version of the Bayh-Dole Act. Secondly, popular technologies in university technology flows mainly concentrated on measurement, testing, digital transmission, and other areas in which enterprises lack international competitive advantage. Thirdly, central actors comprised prestigious universities focusing on science, engineering, and comprehensive disciplines, along with intellectual property-focused enterprises. Finally, university technology flows gradually delocalized, and varied regional patterns exist owing to a spatial mismatch between university knowledge supply and regional demand. These findings have several practical and policy implications for government and university management in terms of promoting emerging technologies and clarifying universities’ functions in regional and national innovation systems. This study contributes to the economic geography literature on regional innovation.
Traditional and machine learning approaches in structure-based drug
virtual screening
Authors: Zhang Hong , Gao Yi Qin
Published: April 2024

Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) and artificial intelligence-driven drug design (AIDD) represent highly efficient strategies aimed at decrease time and economic expenditures in the pharmaceutical industry, and the representative approaches include virtual screening, prediction of protein-ligand interaction and drug pharmacokinetic properties, and drug design. Generally, virtual screening is the initial step in drug discovery, with the primary objective of identifying and generating potential candidates for lead compounds. In the past decades, several traditional and machine-learning based methods have been developed to improve the accuracy and speed of virtual screening. This review discusses the development of advanced structure-based virtual screening methods by both traditional and machine learning approaches, including their performance, strength and limitations.
Surface states of photoelectrodes by surface-specific steady-state
and time-resolved sum frequency spectroscopies
Authors: Zhang Tong , Brown Jesse B. , Fisher Haley , Liebes Mallory , Huang-Fu Zhi-Chao , Qian Yuqin , Rao Yi
Published: April 2024

The surface states of photoelectrodes as catalysts heavily influence their performance in photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis applications. These catalysts are necessary for developing robust solutions to the climate and global energy crises by promoting CO2 reduction, N2 reduction, contaminant degradation, and water splitting. The semiconductors that can fill this role are beholden as photoelectrodes to the processes of charge generation, separation, and utilization, which are in turn products of surface states, surface electric fields, and surface carrier dynamics. Methods which are typically used for studying these processes to improve semiconductors are indirect, invasive, not surface specific, not practical under ambient conditions, or a combination thereof. Recently, nonlinear optical processes such as electronic sum-frequency generation (ESFG) and second-harmonic generation (ESHG) have gained popularity in investigations of semiconductor catalysts systems. Such techniques possess many advantages of in-situ analysis, interfacial specificity, non-invasiveness, as well as the ability to be used under any conditions. In this review, we detail the importance of surface states and their intimate relationship with catalytic performance, outline methods to investigate semiconductor surface states, electric fields, and carrier dynamics and highlight recent contributions to the field through interface-specific spectroscopy. We will also discuss how the recent development of heterodyne-detected ESHG (HD-ESHG) was used to extract charged surface states through phase information, time-resolved ESFG (TR-ESFG) to obtain in-situ dynamic process monitoring, and two-dimensional ESFG (2D-ESFG) to explore surface state couplings, and how further advancements in spectroscopic technology can fill in knowledge gaps to accelerate photoelectrocatalyst utilization. We believe that this work will provide a valuable summary of the importance of semiconductor surface states and interfacial electronic properties, inform a broad audience of the capabilities of nonlinear optical techniques, and inspire future original approaches to improving photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic devices.
Ultrahigh-reflective optical thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering with RF-induced substrate bias
Authors: Chung Tung-Hsun , Zou Xiao-Lu , Zhang Qi-Hang , Wang Meng , Zhu Xian-Qing , Zhang Ming-Xuan , Lin Qian-Cheng , Liao Rong , Cui Xing-Yang , Zhang Jun , Xu Ping , Dai Han-Ning , Chen Yu-Ao , Huo Yong-Heng , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: April 2024

Optical thin films with high-reflectivity (HR) are essential for applications in quantum precision measurements. In this work, we propose a coating technique based on reactive magnetron sputtering with RF-induced substrate bias to fabricate HR-optical thin films. First, atomically flat SiO2 and Ta2O5 layers have been demonstrated due to the assistance of radio-frequency plasma during the coating process. Second, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror with an HR of ∼99.999 328% centered at 1397 nm has been realized. The DBR structure is air-H{LH}19-substrate, in which the L and H denote a single layer of SiO2 with a thickness of 237.8 nm and a single layer of Ta2O5 with a thickness of 171.6 nm, respectively. This novel coating method would facilitate the development of HR reflectors and promote their wide applications in precision measurements.
Proximitization: Opportunities for manipulating correlations in hybrid organic/2D materials
Authors: Park Joohyung , Batyrkhanov Ayan N. , Schaibley John R. , Monti Oliver L. A.
Published: April 2024

Van der Waals layered and 2D materials constitute an extraordinary playground for condensed matter physics, since the strong confinement of wavefunctions to two dimensions supports a diverse set of correlated phenomena. By creating carefully designed heterostructures, these can be readily manipulated. In this Perspective, we advance the viewpoint that heterostructures from these materials with thin layers of organic molecules offer an opportunity for creating and manipulating the correlated degrees of freedom in unprecedented ways. We briefly survey what has been accomplished thus far, including proposed mechanisms, before concentrating on unique opportunities offered by the vast selection of available organic molecules. We further introduce the notion of “proximitization” in combination with symmetry breaking as a fertile and potentially unifying conceptual vantage point from which to consider opportunities for tailoring correlations in van der Waals layered materials.
Computational synthesis of a new generation of 2D-based perovskite quantum materials
Authors: Ekuma Chinedu E.
Published: April 2024

Perovskite-based optoelectronic devices have emerged as a promising energy source due to their potential for scalable production. This study introduces “perovskene,” a novel class of 2D materials derived from the ABC3-like perovskites, synthesized via a data-driven, high-throughput computational strategy. We harness machine learning and multitarget deep neural networks to systematically investigate the structure–property relations, paving the way for targeted material design and optimization in fields such as renewable energy, electronics, and catalysis. The characterization of over 1500 synthesized structures shows that more than 500 structures are stable, revealing properties such as ultra-low work function and large magnetic moment, underscoring the potential for advanced technological applications.
Thermoacoustic velocity and pressure oscillations in one-dimensional combustors with spatially varying heat sources and thermal distributions
Authors: Shelton Cody M. , Majdalani Joseph
Published: April 2024

In this work, an asymptotically based framework using a naturally occurring perturbation parameter is further developed in the context of a one-dimensional tube with an open–open end point configuration without and with a spatially variable heat source. This approach is shown to produce accurate predictions of not only pressure waveforms, as previously demonstrated, but also of velocity mode shapes and frequencies for arbitrary temperature distributions that mimic a wide variety of flow heating arrangements. These include those associated with a Rijke tube as well as other thermoacoustic sound-generation devices. The underlying formulation consists of two linearly coupled partial differential equations that can be solved simultaneously while using a Green's function to capture the thermoacoustically induced velocity. The strategy leading to accurate predictions of the thermoacoustic velocity is described and then applied to several representative cases. Results pertaining to the acoustic velocity and pressure are systematically discussed and compared to other models in the literature. Overall, we find the axially dependent thermal gain to have the most significant impact on the mode shape structure, frequencies, and nodal locations. For example, higher thermal gains lead to elevated wave propagation speeds in the downstream segment of the tube. As such, they cause the velocity nodes to gradually shift upstream with successive increases in the thermal gain. Moreover, due in part to a non-homogeneous pressure–temperature pumping term that appears exclusively in the acoustic velocity formulation, the main difference between the acoustic pressure and velocity oscillation frequencies can be directly attributed to specific derivatives of the spatially varying thermal profiles.
Emerging universality classes in thermally assisted activation of interacting diffusive systems: A perturbative hydrodynamic approach
Authors: Kumar Vishwajeet , Pal Arnab , Shpielberg Ohad
Published: April 2024

Thermal activation of a particle from a deep potential trap follows the Arrhenius law. Recently, this result has been generalized for interacting diffusive particles in the trap, revealing two universality classes—the Arrhenius class and the excluded volume class. The result was demonstrated with the aid of numerical analysis. Here, we present a perturbative hydrodynamic approach to analytically validate the existence and range of validity for the two universality classes.
Dynamics of pivoted slider bearings
Authors: Wilkinson Andrew , Pradas Marc , Wilkinson Michael
Published: April 2024

We obtain the full equations of motion for a wide, pivoted, slider bearing. These are used to review the choice of the optimal position for the pivot point, to discuss its response to time-dependent sliding velocity, and to determine the stability of the motion. The case of an abrupt acceleration of the slider, which results in a large transient increase in the resistive force, is surprisingly complicated. We also discuss a general transversion formula for changing the dependent variables in Stokes flow problems.
Research on sensitized Fiber Bragg Grating temperature sensor based on bimetal three-substrates
Authors: Qiu Zhongchao , Su Kai , Wang Xiaomei , Teng Yuntian
Published: April 2024

Temperature is one of the most important physical quantities in the field of earthquake precursor observation. Aiming at the problem of low sensitivity in the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensor, the sensitized FBG temperature sensor based on bimetal three-substrates is proposed. Through theoretical analysis of the bimetallic model, the structural parameters of the sensor are optimized, and the sensor is simulated and analyzed with ANSYS. Then, the sensor is developed according to the simulation results, and the temperature test system is built to test the performance of the sensor. The results show that the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is 49.3 pm/°C, which is about 4.9 times that of the bare FBG sensor, and the linearity is over 0.999. The research results provide a reference for developing the same type of sensors and further improving the sensitivity of FBG temperature sensors.
Electrical conductivity of hydrogen plasmas: Low-density benchmarks and virial expansion including e–e collisions
Authors: Röpke G.
Published: April 2024

An improved virial expansion for the low-density limit of the electrical conductivity σ(T,n) of hydrogen as the simplest ionic plasma is presented. Quantum statistical methods provide exact values for the lowest virial coefficients, which serve as a benchmark for analytical approaches to electrical conductivity as well as for numerical results from density functional theory-based molecular dynamics simulations (DFT-MD) or path-integral Monte Carlo simulations. The correction factor introduced by Reinholz et al. [Phys. Rev. E 91, 043105 (2015)] is applied to describe the inclusion of electron–electron collisions in DFT-based calculations of transport coefficients. As a benchmark, the first virial coefficient is correctly described with this approach. The value of the second virial coefficient is discussed, and questions about its value according to DFT-MD simulations are addressed.
Measuring the in-plane thermal diffusivity of anisotropic solids by lock-in infrared thermography: Laser-spot vs laser-line heating
Authors: Bedoya A. , Salazar A. , Mendioroz A. , Marín E.
Published: April 2024

A method is proposed to measure the in-plane thermal diffusivity of anisotropic solids along an arbitrary direction using laser-line lock-in thermography. In this method, the sample is heated by an intensity-modulated laser beam, which impinges on the sample surface with the shape of a narrow strip. The resulting temperature oscillations are recorded by a thermographic camera and a phase thermogram is obtained by lock-in processing the image sequence. The thermal diffusivity along the direction perpendicular to the laser line can be determined from the linear dependence of phase lag with the distance to the heating line using the slope method. Unlike laser-spot lock-in thermography, in which the slope method only provides the thermal diffusivity along the principal directions, in this configuration, the thermal diffusivity can be measured experimentally along any direction, just selecting the relative orientation of the sample with respect to the laser line. Moreover, this configuration allows averaging several parallel phase profiles leading to more reliable thermal diffusivity values. The experimental results are presented for a highly anisotropic material, namely, a unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer plate.
First principles study on the elastic properties of two-dimensional Janus ZrXY (X/Y = Cl, Br, and I, X ≠ Y)
Authors: Yang Ming , Chen Lu , Huang Duohui , Huang Xingyong
Published: April 2024

In recent years, a novel two-dimensional semiconductor ZrX2 (X = Cl, Br, and I) has been found to have excellent optoelectronic properties and has attracted much attention. In this paper, the elastic properties of two-dimensional Janus ZrXY (X/Y = Cl, Br, and I, X ≠ Y) are studied by first principles, including elastic parameters, such as elastic tensor components, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and stability. Research has found that the lattice parameters of two-dimensional Janus ZrXY are still influenced by the atomic radius. The Janus structure shows excellent dynamic stability both before and after its construction. Based on the elastic theory, the mechanical stability of the two-dimensional Janus ZrXY was proved indirectly. After constructing the two-dimensional Janus ZrXY structure with different planes, the elastic tensor component increases to a certain extent, and Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio increase, but the anisotropy of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio decreases significantly.
Copper effects on the microstructures and deformation mechanisms of CoCrFeNi high entropy alloys
Authors: Amalia Lia , Li Yongkang , Bei Hongbin , Chen Yan , Yu Dunji , An Ke , Lyu Zongyang , Liaw Peter K. , Zhang Yanwen , Ding Qingqing , Gao Yanfei
Published: April 2024

In situ neutron diffraction experiments have been performed to investigate the deformation mechanisms on CoCrFeNi high entropy alloys (HEAs) with various amounts of doped Cu. Lattice strain evolution and diffraction peak analysis were used to derive the stacking fault probability, stacking fault energy, and dislocation densities. Such diffraction analyses indirectly uncovered that a lower degree of Cu doping retained the twinning behavior in undoped CoCrFeNi HEAs, while increasing the Cu content increased the Cu clusterings which suppressed twinning and exhibited prominent dislocation strengthening. These results agree with direct observations by transmission electron microscopy.
Seashell-inspired polarization-sensitive tonotopic metasensor
Authors: Liu Y. , Dal Poggetto V. F. , Gliozzi A. S. , Pugno N. M. , Bosia F. , Tortello M.
Published: April 2024

Bioinspiration has widely been demonstrated to be a powerful approach for the design of innovative structures and devices. Recently, this concept has been extended to the field of elasticity, dynamics, and metamaterials. In this paper, we propose a seashell-inspired metasensor that can simultaneously perform spatial frequency mapping and act as a polarizer. The structure emerges from a universal parametric design that encompasses diverse spiral geometries with varying circular cross sections and curvature radii, all leading to tonotopic behavior. Adoption of an optimization process leads to a planar geometry that enables us to simultaneously achieve tonotopy for orthogonally polarized modes, leading to the possibility to control polarization as well as the spatial distribution of frequency maxima along the spiral axis. We demonstrate the versatility of the device and discuss the possible applications in the field of acoustics and sensing.
Numerical investigation on the ion-neutral relaxation phenomenon of ion emission from plasma sheath at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Huang Qiong , Song Zhengshen , Chen Yong , Zhang Jidong , Li Yanhao
Published: April 2024

Collisions between ions and neutral particles are often ignored in plasma numerical simulations. However, when studying plasma jets, the collision between neutral particles and ions is significant for ion transport, so calculations cannot ignore this. Therefore, this study adopted a two-fluid model and numerically simulated the process of ion emission from the sheath edge in atmospheric pressure plasma. In this study, particle collisions are treated as Maxwellian particle collisions. We analyze the influence of several parameters, such as sheath thickness and potential drop within the sheath. We also discuss the relaxation phenomenon of relative motion between ions and neutral particles. The research results show a transition from a non-equilibrium state to an equilibrium state in the ion migration region. Based on this change process, the ion migration region can be divided into relaxation and equilibrium zones. The relaxation zone is very thin, where the velocity and temperature of ions vary greatly. In the equilibrium zone, ions and neutral particles can be regarded as a single fluid. This study explores the interaction theory between neutral particles and ions in numerical simulations of plasmas.
Comparative study of the interface passivation properties of LiF and Al2O3 using silicon MIS capacitor
Authors: Parion Jonathan , Scaffidi Romain , Duerinckx Filip , Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan Hariharsudan , Flandre Denis , Poortmans Jef , Vermang Bart
Published: April 2024

Lithium fluoride (LiF) is currently a very popular dielectric material used as a passivation or transport layer in a variety of applications, especially in high-efficiency solar cells. Despite this, its conduction properties and interface behavior with silicon remain largely unexplored. In this work, a LiF metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure is fabricated and characterized, and its properties are compared to the well-understood aluminum oxide (Al2O3) MIS structure. First, a higher current density in LiF compared to Al2O3 is highlighted, as well as its PN junction-like behavior with n-type silicon (n-Si), being rather unconventional for a dielectric layer. C–V measurements showcase the likely presence of an interface defect, causing an increase in the apparent doping and a shift in the flatband voltage VFB by +70 meV. This defect is found to be of the acceptor type, which renders the interface fixed charge more negative and improves the field-effect passivation in the case of a negative Qf. Finally, a density of interface states Dit≈2×1011 cm−2 eV−1 was found for LiF/n-Si, which is a low value showing appropriate chemical passivation at the interface. Overall, this work enables us to shed more light on the interface properties of LiF on n-Si, which is an essential step toward its wider use in state-of-the-art solar cells and other silicon-based devices.
The effect of the inlet steam superheat degree on the non-equilibrium condensation in steam turbine cascade
Authors: Liang Di , Ji Zining , Li Yimin , Zhou Zhongning
Published: April 2024

Due to the high steam velocity and low thermal parameters at the turbine's final stage, steam generates non-equilibrium condensation and forms a large number of small droplets during the process of pressure expansion. The wet steam mixed with droplets impinges on the turbine blades, endangering turbine operation safety and reducing turbine work efficiency. This article modifies the non-equilibrium condensation control equation and embeds it into the numerical simulation software to make the numerical calculation results more accurate. By modifying the inlet steam superheat in the classical experiments, the condensation characteristics of wet steam in Moses–Stein nozzles and Dykas cascades are studied. The results show that increasing inlet superheat can effectively suppress the generation of non-equilibrium condensation and reduce outlet liquid mass fraction. The minimum supercooling temperature of non-equilibrium condensation is only related to the working fluid characteristics (the steam model used in this article is around 20 K). When the inlet superheat of the cascade is large, the rapid condensation region is mainly near the suction surface. In contrast, when the superheat is low, the rapid condensation zone is mainly near the pressure surface. The condensation location is mainly affected by the intensity of internal condensation shock waves in the cascade. Increasing inlet superheat not only increases the shock wave intensity but also decreases the shock wave angle in the passage. When the inlet temperature increases by 20 K, the heat efficiency of the cascade increases by about 1%.
Pathogenic gating pore current conducted by autism-related mutations in the Na
V
1.2 brain sodium channel
Authors: Eltokhi Ahmed , Lundstrom Brian Nils , Li Jin , Zweifel Larry S. , Catterall William A. , Gamal El-Din Tamer M.
Published: April 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social and communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. The genetic heterogeneity of ASD presents a challenge to the development of an effective treatment targeting the underlying molecular defects. ASD gating charge mutations in the
KCNQ
/K
V
7 potassium channel cause gating pore currents (I
gp
) and impair action potential (AP) firing of dopaminergic neurons in brain slices. Here, we investigated ASD gating charge mutations of the voltage-gated
SCN2A
/Na
V
1.2 brain sodium channel, which ranked high among the ion channel genes with mutations in individuals with ASD. Our results show that ASD mutations in the gating charges R2 in Domain-II (R853Q), and R1 (R1626Q) and R2 (R1629H) in Domain-IV of Na
V
1.2 caused I
gp
in the resting state of ~0.1% of the amplitude of central pore current. The R1626Q mutant also caused significant changes in the voltage dependence of fast inactivation, and the R1629H mutant conducted proton-selective I
gp
. These potentially pathogenic I
gp
were exacerbated by the absence of the extracellular Mg
2+
and Ca
2+
. In silico simulation of the effects of these mutations in a conductance-based single-compartment cortical neuron model suggests that the inward I
gp
reduces the time to peak for the first AP in a train, increases AP rates during a train of stimuli, and reduces the interstimulus interval between consecutive APs, consistent with increased neural excitability and altered input/output relationships. Understanding this common pathophysiological mechanism among different voltage-gated ion channels at the circuit level will give insights into the underlying mechanisms of ASD.
Los vocativos contraculturales
Authors: De Latte Fien
Published: April 2024

La presente contribución indaga en la difusión de los vocativos representativos del cheli en las décadas
posteriores al auge contracultural, y más allá, en los factores subyacentes al cambio lingüístico micro-diacrónico. Más en
concreto, se estudia empíricamente cómo se han propagado los vocativos contraculturales de mayor importancia en el paradigma cheli
(p. ej. tío/-a), en contraste con vocativos de significado y uso generales (p. ej. chico/-a), en
el español coloquial de los últimos cincuenta años, prestando especial atención a los cambios de productividad de las formas bajo
análisis. Para ello, se recurre a la consulta de varios corpus orales, a saber, CORLEC
(años 90), COLAm (años 2000), y CORMA (2016–2019), que recogen datos conversacionales de diferentes décadas. Estos datos se
complementan con informaciones documentales y testimoniales. Los resultados sugieren que los rasgos semánticos y la fuerza
expresiva de los vocativos juegan un papel primordial en su ruta de difusión hasta fechas recientes.
Visualization of the rolling motion of spheres connected with a rubber band using an image processing technique
Authors: Yin Yue , Liu Jiabin , Ye Xi , Pan Wei
Published: April 2024

The traditional physics laboratory has adopted a photogate and polarized light to measure rotation motion in a fixed system, but they are not applicable to rolling objects. Computer vision has played an increasingly important role in image analysis. The popularization of mobile phones, cameras and computers makes it possible to measure the rotation of an object in a simple but nonintrusive way in a physics laboratory. A ‘tracker’ has been used to analyze the rotation motion of large objects, such as vehicle wheels, by recognizing the position of a marker. However, it is still challenging to precisely recognize the marker in a small object via simple algorithms in a physics laboratory. In this paper, we introduce a facile image processing technique to visualize the rotation and spin motion of spheres by marking it with two red and green semi-spheres. A basic formula of projection was derived to analyze the expression of spin angles with the projection area of the semi-sphere. The precision and suitability of the image processing technique was proven to be effective through comparison with the photogate measurement technique. The image processing technique has also been used to analyze the rotation and spin motion of two spheres bonded with a rubber band. It provides not only the trajectory of sphere centers, but the evolution of spin angles, orbit diameter and orbit angles of spheres. By analyzing the relationship between spin angles and orbit diameter, it is clear that the rubber band experienced typical transformations between three different phases (twist, coil and supercoil) until the energy was exhausted. The method offers valuable insights into rotational dynamics, showcasing its potential for practical applications in the physics laboratory and in educational contexts.
Systematic study of magnetic and antimagnetic rotational bands
Authors: Teng J X , Ma K Y
Published: April 2024

The magnetic and antimagnetic rotational bands are systematically investigated in the present work. Up to now, 253 magnetic rotational bands and 40 antimagnetic rotational bands have been reported in 123 nuclei and 29 nuclei, respectively. The experimental data for these bands are collected and collated, including the level energy, γ-ray energies, spin I, magnetic dipole reduced transition probability B(M1), electric quadrupole reduced transition probability B(E2), B(M1)/B(E2), and

J

(2)/B(E2), etc. In addition, following the presentation of the kinematic moment-of-inertia

J

(1), dynamic moment-of-inertia

J

(2), and I versus rotational frequency ω, as well as energy staggering parameter S(I), B(M1), B(E2), B(M1)/B(E2), and

J

(2)/B(E2) versus I in A ∼ 60, 80, 110, 140, and 190 mass regions, a discussion is provided in detail. Based on the systematic studies, the main features of magnetic and antimagnetic rotational bands are summarized. Furthermore, some nuclei are also predicted to be candidates for magnetic or antimagnetic rotation.
Flat bands without twists: periodic holey graphene
Authors: de Jesús Espinosa-Champo Abdiel , Naumis Gerardo G
Published: April 2024

Holey Graphene (HG) is a widely used graphene material for the synthesis of high-purity and highly crystalline materials. The electronic properties of a periodic distribution of lattice holes are explored here, demonstrating the emergence of flat bands. It is established that such flat bands arise as a consequence of an induced sublattice site imbalance, i.e. by having more sites in one of the graphene’s bipartite sublattice than in the other. This is equivalent to the breaking of a path-exchange symmetry. By further breaking the inversion symmetry, gaps and a nonzero Berry curvature are induced, leading to topological bands. In particular, the folding of the Dirac cones from the hexagonal Brillouin zone (BZ) to the holey superlattice rectangular BZ of HG, with sizes proportional to an integer n times the graphene’s lattice parameter, leads to a periodicity in the gap formation such that

n
≡
0

(mod 3). A low-energy hamiltonian for the three central bands is also obtained revealing that the system behaves as an effective

α
−

T

3

graphene material. Therefore, a simple protocol is presented here that allows for obtaining flat bands at will. Such bands are known to increase electron-electron correlation effects. Therefore, the present work provides an alternative system that is much easier to build than twisted systems, allowing for the production of flat bands and potentially highly correlated quantum phases.
A novel facial age estimation through super-resolution based on deep learning
Authors: Yao Chenguang , He Kaifei , Ding Kai , Lin Deyu , Yang Jinquan
Published: April 2024

Age estimation encounters challenges due to the low resolution (LR) of images captured in real-world scenarios, emphasizing the critical role of image quality in achieving accurate age estimations. Despite efforts to enhance age estimation through LR image training, existing methodologies often overlook the incorporation of super-resolution (SR) as a crucial pre-processing step for LR images. This study introduces an innovative approach that integrates SR of facial images with age estimation methodologies. Specifically, a hierarchical reconstruction network (HRN) structure is employed to train LR images, fully integrating shallow concrete features and deep abstract features. Validation of the training outcomes includes evaluation metrics such as peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measurement, showing superior performance compared to several state-of-the-art approaches. Subsequently, an enhanced soft stage regression network is designed for facial age measurement and trained using the SR-IMDB dataset generated by HRN to minimize mean absolute error. This approach achieves a final result of 7.33, indicating an average performance improvement of 10.94% compared to five other state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of integrating SR into the age estimation process.
Research on non-intrusive load identification method based on multi-feature fusion with improved shufflenetv2
Authors: Wang Haitao , Wang Peng , Shu Liang
Published: April 2024

Non-intrusive load monitoring is a significant advancement in energy conservation and smart electricity usage as it enables the identification of load status and equipment type without the need for extensive sensing instruments. As one of the important steps of non-intrusive load monitoring, non-intrusive load identification plays a crucial role in the correct identification of electrical appliances. In this paper, a novel approach is presented to amalgamate multiple appliance features into a new identification feature, which is then used for appliance recognition through an improved lightweight deep learning model. This addresses the issue of low accuracy when using a single feature for appliance identification. The core concept involves initially capturing the current data of an appliance during steady state operation and fusing the image features of the appliance encoded by Gramian summation angular field, Gramian difference angular field, and Markov transition field into new recognition features for each appliance using average weighting. Subsequently, a shufflenetv2 lightweight deep learning model based on the squeeze -and-excitation module is used to mine the constructed load feature information for the load classification task. The method is then experimentally validated on the Self-test Dataset, PLAID, and WHITED dataset, resulting in recognition accuracies of 100%, 98.214%, and 99.745%, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in significantly improving recognition performance compared to the original approach.