bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passagens
Authors: Nagib Lúcia
Published: December 2018

A relação entre o cinema e o real é provavelmente a questão mais central e complexa nos estudos cinematográficos. Neste artigo, tentarei abordar esta questão por meio da análise de uma seleção de filmes em que dispositivos intermidiáticos, isso é, o emprego no interior do filme de formas artísticas como pintura, teatro e música, parecem funcionar como uma “passagem” para a realidade política e social. Para tanto, irei focalizar casos exemplares da produção de São Paulo e Pernambuco, representados por filmes de Beto Brant, Cláudio Assis, Tata Amaral, Paulo Caldas e Marcelo Luna, a fim de demonstrar os valores compartilhados por eles em determinado contexto histórico e os laços geográficos que estabeleceram através do Brasil.
MicroRNA-21 Deficiency Alters the Survival of Ly-6C
lo
Monocytes in
ApoE
−/−
Mice and Reduces Early-Stage Atherosclerosis—Brief Report
Authors: Chipont Anna , Esposito Bruno , Challier Inès , Montabord Mélanie , Tedgui Alain , Mallat Ziad , Loyer Xavier , Potteaux Stephane
Published: December 2018

Objective—

To determine the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) on the homeostasis of monocyte subsets and on atherosclerosis development in
ApoE
−/−
(apolipoprotein E) mice.

Approach and Results—

In
ApoE
−/−
mice, miR-21 expression was increased in circulating Ly-6C
lo
nonclassical monocytes in comparison to Ly-6C
hi
monocytes. The absence of miR-21 significantly altered the survival and number of circulating Ly-6C
lo
nonclassical monocytes in
ApoE
−/−
mice. In the early stages of atherosclerosis, the absence of miR-21 limited lesion development both in the aortic sinus (by almost 30%) and in the aorta (by almost 50%). This was associated with less monocyte availability in circulation and increased apoptosis of local macrophages in plaques. At later stages of atherosclerosis, lesion size in the aortic root was similar in
ApoE
−/−
and
ApoE
−/−
miR-21
−/−
mice, but plaques showed a less stable phenotype (larger necrotic cores) in the latter. The loss of protection in advanced stages was most likely because of excessive inflammatory apoptosis related to an impairment of local efficient efferocytosis.

Conclusions—

Gene deletion of miR-21 in
ApoE
−/−
mice alters Ly-6C
lo
nonclassical monocytes homeostasis and contribute to limit early-stage atherosclerosis.
Hepcidin Deficiency Protects Against Atherosclerosis
Authors: Malhotra Rajeev , Wunderer Florian , Barnes Hanna J. , Bagchi Aranya , Buswell Mary D. , O’Rourke Caitlin D. , Slocum Charles L. , Ledsky Clara D. , Peneyra Kathryn M. , Sigurslid Haakon , Corman Benjamin , Johansson Kimberly B. , Rhee David K. , Bloch Kenneth D. , Bloch Donald B.
Published: December 2018

Objective—

Inflammatory stimuli enhance the progression of atherosclerotic disease. Inflammation also increases the expression of hepcidin, a hormonal regulator of iron homeostasis, which decreases intestinal iron absorption, reduces serum iron levels and traps iron within macrophages. The role of macrophage iron in the development of atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hepcidin deficiency and decreased macrophage iron on the development of atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

Hepcidin- and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor-deficient (
Hamp
−/−
/
Ldlr
−/−
) mice and
Hamp
+/+
/
Ldlr
−/−
control mice were fed a high-fat diet for 21 weeks. Compared with control mice,
Hamp
−/−
/
Ldlr
−/−
mice had decreased aortic macrophage activity and atherosclerosis. Because hepcidin deficiency is associated with both increased serum iron and decreased macrophage iron, the possibility that increased serum iron was responsible for decreased atherosclerosis in
Hamp
−/−
/
Ldlr
−/−
mice was considered.
Hamp
+/+
/
Ldlr
−/−
mice were treated with iron dextran so as to produce a 2-fold increase in serum iron. Increased serum iron did not decrease atherosclerosis in
Hamp
+/+
/
Ldlr
−/−
mice. Aortic macrophages from
Hamp
−/−
/
Ldlr
−/−
mice had less labile free iron and exhibited a reduced proinflammatory (M1) phenotype compared with macrophages from
Hamp
+/+
/
Ldlr
−/−
mice. THP1 human macrophages treated with an iron chelator were used to model hepcidin deficiency in vitro. Treatment with an iron chelator reduced LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced M1 phenotypic expression and decreased uptake of oxidized LDL.

Conclusions—

In summary, in a hyperlipidemic mouse model, hepcidin deficiency was associated with decreased macrophage iron, a reduced aortic macrophage inflammatory phenotype and protection from atherosclerosis. The results indicate that decreasing hepcidin activity, with the resulting decrease in macrophage iron, may prove to be a novel strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
The Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao entomofauna
Authors: HUANG DIYING , CAI CHENYANG , FU YANZHE , SU YITONG
Published: December 2018

The Yanliao entomofauna, first established by Hong in 1983, refers to a Middle Jurassic insect assemblage widely distributed in northern China. The fossil insects are primarily preserved in the Haifanggou Formation and its correlated strata. In the beginning of this century, the Yanliao entomofauna was revived thanks to the discovery of abundant exceptionally preserved fossils, especially a huge number of insects, in the Daohugou area. Then, the Yanliao biota became well-known, and subsequently enlarged with more fossils collected from the interbeds of the overlying Tiaojishan Formation. Recently, the Yanliao biota has been divided into an early assemblage, represented by the Daohugou beds (Middle Jurassic to earliest Late Jurassic), and a late assemblage, represented by the Linglongta beds (early to middle Late Jurassic). The early insect assemblage, i.e. fossil insects from Daohugou, contains at least 24 insect orders, representing one of the most diverse entomofaunas in geological history. The age difference between core fossil layers of the Daohugou assemblage and the Linglongta assemblage is less than 5 Ma, but no same animal species from both have been discovered to date, because of violent tectonic movements and fierce volcanic eruptions. The representative insect from the early assemblage is Yanliaocorixa chinensis, which is distinctly different from the dominated corixids from the late assemblage. Insects of Yanliao entomofauna generally resemble those from the Shar Teg biota from Mongolia and the Karatau biota from Kazakhstan. The Yanliao biota rapidly declined in middle of the Late Jurassic (ca. 155 Ma) with the advent of arid climate, whereas some of the relict groups migrated southwards. Until the mid-Cretaceous, represented by the Burmese amber, a number of endemic insect groups of Daohugou are still recorded, but they have never been found in the Jehol biota, representing relicts of the Yanliao entomofauna.
First lepidopsocid from the mid Miocene Dominican amber (Psocodea: Trogiomorpha: Lepidopsocidae)

Authors: HAKIM MARINA , HUANG DIYING , AZAR DANY
Published: December 2018

Lepidopsocids are well diversified in recent fauna, but fossil records remain very scarce. Echmepteryx (Loxopholia) dominicanus sp. nov. from Dominican amber is herein described and illustrated. This species is attributed to subfamily Lepidopsocinae Enderlein, 1903 and assigned to genus Echmepteryx Aaron, 1886. This new record is the second oldest lepidopsocid. It is also the first species in this family to be described from Dominican amber and the only fossil record of Lepidopsocinae.
Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Scalpelliformes), an intertidal barnacle from the Cape Verde Islands
Authors: FERNANDES JOANA N. , CRUZ TERESA , VAN SYOC ROBERT
Published: December 2018

Recently, genetic evidence supported the existence of a new species of the genus Pollicipes from the Cape Verde Islands, previously considered a population of P. pollicipes. However, P. pollicipes was not sampled at its southern limit of distribution (Dakar, Senegal), which is geographically separated from the Cape Verde Islands by about 500 km. Herein we describe Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. from the Cape Verde Islands and compare its morphology with the other three species of Pollicipes: P. pollicipes, P. elegans and P. polymerus. Pollicipes pollicipes was sampled at both the middle (Portugal) and southern limit (Dakar, Senegal) of its geographical distribution. The genetic divergence among and within these two regions and Cape Verde was calculated through the analysis of partial mtDNA CO1 gene sequences. Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. has a single whorl of capitular plates below the subrostrum, peduncular scales pointing up toward the capitulum and multi-articulate caudal appendages (all characters shared with P. pollicipes and P. elegans), reddish-orange capitular plates (large specimens), a single rostral median latus between the median latus and the rostrolatus (both characters shared with P. elegans), and uniquely possesses peduncular scales that are approximately the same width as height. The genetic distance between the Cape Verde population and the Senegal and Portugal populations is 13–14%, whilst between Senegal and Portugal it is < 1%.
The new and the old: littoral tanaidomorph Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean
Authors: BAMBER ROGER N , CHATTERJEE TAPAS
Published: December 2018

Recent collections of tanaidaceans from intertidal macroalgae on the shores of the Andaman Islands have revealed both new taxa to science and new material of a species which had previously been inadequately described. The present paper gives a redescription of the leptocheliid Konarus crassicornis, discussing its close similarity to the generotype, K. cheirus, and describes two new species, one of the tanaid genus Zeuxo, showing similarities to Z. (Parazeuxo) kurilensis and representing the first anatanaid to be recorded from the region, and one paratanaid of a new genus, Triparatanais, distinguished from other paratanaids in having only three longer articles in the antennule.
New insights on the genus Scolopendrelloides Bagnall 1913 (Scutigerellidae, Symphyla) with descriptions of two new species
Authors: CAMACHO MIGUEL DOMÍNGUEZ
Published: December 2018

The study of two new species of Symphyla from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Scolopendrelloides congolensis n.sp. and Scolopendrelloides pseudocongolensis n.sp., has led to the detection of Scolopendrelloides Bagnall 1913 species currently misplaced under Hanseniella Bagnall 1913. Accordingly, it is proposed a new combination for six species originally described under Hanseniella: Scolopendrelloides angulosa (Hansen 1903), S. tenella (Ribaut 1914), S. producta (Ribaut 1914), S. dolosa (Ribaut 1914), S. graeca (Remy 1941) and S. elgolensis (Scheller 1952). An identification key to the species of Scolopendrelloides is given. A differential diagnostic for differencing Scolopendrelloides from Hanseniella and Scutigerella is also given, as well as a key to the genera of the family Scutigerellidae, mainly intended for observations using SEM.
Pseudolaguvia spicula, a new sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Bangladesh and northeastern India
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , _ LALRAMLIANA
Published: December 2018

This study describes Pseudolaguvia spicula, a new miniature sisorid catfish from the Surma-Meghna River system in India and Bangladesh. Pseudolaguvia spicula can be distinguished from congeners in having a combination of: head width 19.2–22.6% SL, dorsal-fin spine length 11.6–14.3% SL, length of dorsal-fin base 13.2–15.9% SL, pectoral-fin spine length 15.7–17.4% SL, length of adipose-fin base 14.7–17.1% SL, pelvic-fin length 14.6–17.1% SL, body depth at anus 12.8–16.8% SL, caudal peduncle length 15.4–17.9% SL, caudal peduncle depth 7.9–9.6% SL, caudal-fin length 24.2–27.5% SL, snout length 48.6–51.9% HL, eye diameter 10.6–13.9% HL, 30–32 vertebrae, smooth anterior edge of dorsal-fin spine, thoracic adhesive apparatus reaching beyond base of last pectoral-fin ray, absence of pale y-shaped marking on dorsal surface of head and supraoccipital process, and indistinct, pale vertical bands on body.
A review of Jankowskia Oberthür, 1884, with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae)
Authors: JIANG NAN , XUE DAYONG , HAN HONGXIANG
Published: December 2018

The genus Jankowskia Oberthür, 1884 is reviewed and four new species are described: J. curva sp. nov., J. acuta sp. nov., J. improjecta sp. nov., and J. obtusangula sp. nov. J. bituminaria raddensis (Wehrli, 1941) is recorded for the first time from China. A key to all species of the genus is provided. The diagnoses for all species are given. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are presented.
The genus Americabaetis Kluge (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Brazil: new species, stage description, and key to nymphs
Authors: SALLES F. F. , RAIMUNDI E. A. , BOLDRINI R. , SOUZA-FRANCO G. M.
Published: December 2018

In the present work based on material from several areas in Brazil, the species of Americabaetis represented in the country are revised. A new species, A. mecistognathus, sp. nov., is described based on nymphs from Santa Catarina, the male adult of A. labiosus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty is described, a key to the nymphs of the South American species is provided, whereas comments regarding the taxonomy and habitat distribution of the Brazilian species are presented.
The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae)
Authors: WU HONG , ZHANG SU-JIONG , HUANG JUNHAO
Published: December 2018

The taxonomy of the genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China was studied. Six species were recognized, including three new species that are described and illustrated: Ctenosciara mutisetosa Wu & Zhang sp. nov., Ctenosciara pseudoinsolita Wu & Zhang sp. nov., and Ctenosciara xijingensis Wu & Zhang sp. nov. Additionally, Ctenosciara japonica Sutou & Ito, 2003 and Ctenosciara rufulenta (Edwards, 1927) are reported for the first time from China. A key to the Chinese species is also provided.
Two new species of Buenoa Kirkaldy, 1904 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from the States of Amazonas and Roraima, Brazil
Authors: BARBOSA JULIANNA FREIRES , NESSIMIAN JORGE LUIZ , FERREIRA-KEPPLER RUTH LEILA
Published: December 2018

The genus Buenoa has 63 described species, and there are 13 species in the Northern region of Brazil. In this study we describe two new species: B. dilaticrus sp. nov. (Alto Alegre – State of Roraima and Barcelos – State of Amazonas), similar to B. tibialis Truxal, 1957, but distinguished mainly by the lateral expansion near the base of the lateral margin of the mid-tibia; and B. exilidens sp. nov. (Barcelos AM), similar to B. platycnemis (Fieber, 1851), B. mutabilis Truxal, 1953, and B. tumaquensis Padilla-Gil, 2010, distinguished by the rostral prong, chaetotaxy, and stridulatory area of fore femur and the number of stridulatory teeth on the fore tibia.
Resolution of some taxonomic and nomenclatural issues in a recent revision of Ceraeochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: TAUBER CATHERINE A. , FLINT, JR. OLIVER S.
Published: December 2018

With the purpose of promoting nomenclatural stability, this paper addresses a number of errors, omissions, and controversial conclusions in a recent revision of the green lacewing genus Ceraeochrysa by Freitas et al. (2009). 1. Valid species, new combinations and synonymies: (a) We identified Ceraeochrysa chiricahuae Freitas and Penny (in Freitas et al. 2009), Chrysopa forreri Navás, and Chrysopa intacta Navás as subjective synonyms. Thus, Ceraeochrysa intacta, a species that was previously synonymized under Ceraeochrysa placita (Banks), becomes the valid name of the species [New status, new combination]. Chrysopa forreri is now synonymized under Cer. intacta, not Cer. placita [New synonymy]. And, Cer. chiricahuae becomes a junior synonym of Cer. intacta, not a valid species of Ceraeochrysa [New synonymy]. (b) We enumerate specific internal and external features of the Chrysopa cornuta Navás type that identify it as conspecific with Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks), not Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider) as proposed by Freitas et al. (2009). Thus, Ceraeochrysa cornuta (Navás), which has priority, is reinstated as the valid name [Reinstated status, reinstated combination], and Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks) is reinstated as a junior subjective synonym of Cer. cornuta, not a valid species [Reinstated synonymy]. (c) We provide documented evidence for reinstating three synonymies that Freitas et al. had reversed [Reinstated synonymies]: (i) Allochrysa parvula Banks is a junior subjective synonym of Ceraeochrysa lineaticornis (Fitch); (ii) Chrysopa columbiana Banks is a junior subjective synonym of Ceraeochrysa lineaticornis (Fitch); (iii) Chrysopa rochina (Navás) is a junior subjective synonym of Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider). 2. Generic assignments: (a) Visual evidence is provided for the placement of Ceraeochrysa laufferi (Navás) in Ungla. Therefore, Ungla laufferi (Navás) is reinstated as the valid name [Reinstated combination]. (b) We question Freitas et al.’s rationale for including Cer. placita (Banks) and Cer. intacta (Navás) (as Cer. chiricahuae Freitas and Penny) in the genus Ceraeochrysa; female and larval features of the two species differ markedly from those used to characterize Ceraeochrysa species. As an alternative that recognizes the uncertainty surrounding the generic placement of these species and that avoids additional, unnecessary name changes, we propose including the caveat “genus incertae sedis” with the names, as follows: Ceraeochrysa placita (Banks), genus incertae sedis, and Ceraeochrysa intacta (Navás), genus incertae sedis. 3. Type designations: (a) Errors concerning the Chrysopa furculata Navás type in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), are corrected, and doubts raised by Freitas et al. (2009) concerning the identification of this specimen as the holotype are removed. (b) The earlier designation of the Chrysopa rochina (Navás) type in the MNHN as the lectotype (not holotype) is verified.
Feldmannius nom. nov. for Feldmannia Casadío, Marenssi & Santillana, “30-09-2001”, preoccupied by Feldmannia Guinot & Tavares, “28 septembre 2001”: a case of 48-hour precedence
Authors: LOW MARTYN E. Y. , GUINOT DANIÈLE
Published: December 2018

The genus Feldmannia was established by D. Guinot and M. Tavares for a fossil of the family Xanthidae, with Xanthosia wintoni Rathbun, 1935, as its type species (Guinot & Tavares 2001: 521). Their description was published in volume 23, fascicule 3 of Zoosystema, the zoological journal of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. The inside back cover in which this paper appears states: “Date de distribution du présent fascicule (volume 23, fascicule 3, 2001): 28 septembre 2001”.
A revision of the genus Lypoglossa Fenyes, 1918 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: GUSAROV VLADIMIR I.
Published: December 2018

The genus Lypoglossa Fenyes, 1918 is revised and redescribed. Descriptions and a key to species are provided. Four valid species are recognized: the Nearctic Lypoglossa angularis (M klin, 1853), L. franclemonti Hoebeke, 1992 and L. manitobae Gusarov, sp. n. (described from Manitoba), and the Palaearctic L. lateralis (Mannerheim, 1830). Euryusa obtusa LeConte, 1866 is transferred to Lypoglossa and considered a valid subspecies of L. angularis. Three subspecies are recognized within Lypoglossa angularis: L. a. angularis (M klin, 1853), distributed in coastal Alaska, British Columbia, and western Washington and Oregon; L. a. fenyesi (Bernhauer, 1907), from interior Alaska, Yukon Territory, interior British Columbia, and south through the high mountains of the western United States, to Arizona and New Mexico; and L. a. obtusa (LeConte, 1866), known from Quebec, Newfoundland, Maine and New Hampshire.
Limnebius acupunctus, a new species of water beetle from Australia and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Authors: PERKINS PHILIP D.
Published: December 2018

Limnebius acupunctus, new species, is described, based on a study of 2,013 specimens. This is the first species of the genus to be described from Australia and Papua New Guinea. The wide geographical distribution of the species is mapped, together with illustrations of aedeagal variation. High resolution digital images of the holotype are presented.
A review of the genus Cladotanytarsus Kieffer from China, with the description of three new species (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini)
Authors: WANG XINHUA , GUO YUHONG
Published: December 2018

The genus Cladotanytarsus from China, including 12 species, is reviewed. Three new species C. bisetus, C. dilatus, and C. paratridorsum are described and figured. Cladotanytarsus conversus (Johannsen), C. digitalis Wang & Zheng, C. frontalis Wang & Zheng, C. nigrovittatus (Goetghebuer), C. palmatus Wang & Zheng, C. parvus Wang & Zheng, C. pseudomancus (Goetghebuer), C. vanderwulpi (Edwards), and C. yunnanensis Wang & Zheng are reexamined. A key to the males of Cladotanytarsus from China is presented.
A new cleaner goby of the genus Elacatinus (Teleostei: Gobiidae), from Trindade Island, off Brazil
Authors: GUIMARÃES RICARDO Z.P. , GASPARINI JOÃO LUIZ , ROCHA LUIZ A.
Published: December 2018

Elacatinus pridisi n. sp., a cleaner goby from Trindade Island, off Brazil, differs from its congeners of the Horsti Complex that have a pale stripe extending from the eye to the caudal fin base by the following combination of characters: dark longitudinal stripe wide, reaching lower abdomen and base of anal fin (vs. never reaching lower abdomen or base of anal fin in all other species); pectoralfin rays typically 18 (vs. typically 17 in E. randalli (B hlke & Robins) and E. figaro Sazima et al. and typically 16 in E. atronasum (B hlke & Robins)); anal-fin rays typically 11 (vs. typically 10 in E. figaro); a pale oval spot present on snout (vs. no spot in E. atronasum and E. horsti (B hlke & Robins), a "V"-shaped spot in E. prochilos (B hlke & Robins), and a medial bar in E. xanthiprora (B hlke & Robins), E. louisae (B hlke & Robins) and E. lori Colin). The new species was recorded in depths ranging from 3 to 30 m, over rocky reefs and calcareous-algae banks around the island. It has been observed in cleaning activities during the day with clients varying from large-sized carnivores such as Carcharhinus perezi (Poey) to small-sized planktivores such as Chromis multilineata (Guichenot). The discovery of the new species reinforces recognition of the Trindade-Martin Vaz insular complex as an area of endemism in the Atlantic Ocean.
Violence, displacement, contact, and attitudes toward hosting refugees
Authors: Ghosn Faten , Braithwaite Alex , Chu Tiffany S
Published: December 2018

How do individuals’ personal experiences with various aspects of political violence affect their attitudes toward hosting conflict refugees? More specifically, how do their personal exposure to violence, their own personal experience of being displaced, and their recent contact with refugees influence these attitudes? To explore answers to these questions, we draw upon a recent survey of 2,400 Lebanese residents where we identify individuals who experienced violence during the Lebanese civil war (1975–90), those forced to flee their homes during that conflict, and those who enjoy recent contact with Syrian immigrant and/or displaced populations. We examine whether these distinct experiences affect respondents’ regard for members of the Syrian refugee population. Results demonstrate that historical exposure to violence and experience of displacement have no discernible impact on individual attitudes toward hosting refugees. We find much stronger evidence that attitudes are associated with whether individual respondents have had contact with Syrians in Lebanon; those with such interactions are significantly more likely to support hosting refugees, to consider hiring a refugee, or to allow one of their children to marry a refugee. Our findings suggest exposure to violence by itself does not correlate to positive sentiments toward refugees, especially over time. Further, finding ways to create positive contact between refugees and native populations may be associated with improving attitudes and relations between the two populations.
Ratio Format Shapes Health Decisions: The Practical Significance of the “1-in-X” Effect
Authors: Sirota Miroslav , Juanchich Marie
Published: December 2018

Prior research found that “1-in-X” ratios led to higher and less accurate subjective probability than “N-in-X*N” ratios or other formats, even though they featured the same mathematical information. It is unclear, however, whether the effect transfers into health decisions, and the practical significance of the effect is undetermined. Based on previous findings and risk communication theories, we hypothesized that the 1-in-X effect would occur and transfer into relevant decisions. We also tested whether age, gender, and education differences would moderate the 1-in-X effect on decision making. We conducted 3 well-powered experiments ( n = 1912) using a sample from the general adult UK population to test our hypotheses, estimated the effect, and excluded a possible methodological explanation for such a transfer. In hypothetical scenarios, participants decided whether to travel to Kenya given the chance of contracting malaria (experiment 1) and whether to take recommended steroids given the side effects (experiments 2 and 3). Across the experiments, we replicated a small to medium 1-in-X effect on the perceived probability (Hedge’s g = −0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.47 to −0.24; z = −6.18; P < 0.001) and found a small effect on subsequent decisions (odds ratio = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10−1.59; z = 2.99; P = 0.003). The perceived probability fully mediated the effect of the ratio format on decision. Age, gender, and education did not moderate the 1-in-X effect on decision. We argue that a high prevalence of 1-in-X ratios in medical communication makes these small changes clinically relevant. Therefore, to communicate information accurately, 1-in-X ratios should not be used or at least used cautiously in medical communication.
Effect of Tabular and Icon Fact Box Formats on Comprehension of Benefits and Harms of Prostate Cancer Screening: A Randomized Trial
Authors: McDowell Michelle , Gigerenzer Gerd , Wegwarth Odette , Rebitschek Felix G.
Published: December 2018

Background. Fact boxes employ evidence-based guidelines on risk communication to present benefits and harms of health interventions in a balanced and transparent format. However, little is known about their short- and long-term efficacy and whether designing fact boxes to present multiple outcomes with icon arrays would increase their efficacy. Method. In study 1, 120 men (30–75 y) completed a lab study. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 fact box formats on prostate cancer screening: a tabular fact box with numbers, a fact box with numbers and icon array, and a fact box with numbers, separate icon arrays, and text to describe each benefit and harm. Comprehension of information (while materials were present) and short-term knowledge recall were assessed. Study 2 recruited an online sample of 244 German men (40–75 y). Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 fact box formats or widely distributed health information, and knowledge was assessed at baseline, shortly after presentation, and at 6-mo follow-up, along with comprehension while materials were present. Results. In both studies, comprehension and knowledge-recall scores were similar when comparing tabular and icon fact boxes. In the 6-mo follow-up, this positive effect on knowledge recall disappeared. Fact boxes increased knowledge relative to baseline but did not affect decision intentions or perceptions of having complete information to make decisions. Conclusions. This study shows that fact boxes with and without icon arrays are equally effective at improving comprehension and knowledge recall over the short-term and are simple formats that can improve on current health information. Specifically, if fact boxes are used at the time or immediately before a decision is made, they promote informed decisions about prostate cancer screening.
Hilliness and the Development of Walking Difficulties Among Community-Dwelling Older People
Authors: Keskinen Kirsi E. , Rantakokko Merja , Suomi Kimmo , Rantanen Taina , Portegijs Erja
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to study the associations of objectively defined hilliness with the prevalence and incidence of walking difficulties among community-dwelling older adults, and to explore whether behavioral, health, or socioeconomic factors would fully or partially explain these associations. Method: Baseline interviews ( n = 848, 75-90 years) on difficulties in walking 500 m, frequency of moving through the neighborhood, and perceived hilliness as a barrier to outdoor mobility were conducted. Two-year follow-up interviews ( n = 551) on difficulties in walking 500 m were conducted among participants without baseline walking difficulties. Hilliness objectively defined as the mean slope in 500-m road network. Results: Logistic regression showed that hilliness was associated with incident walking difficulties at the 2-year follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.09, 2.51]) but not with the prevalence of walking difficulties at baseline. Adding behavioral, health, or socioeconomic factors to the models did not markedly change the results. Discussion: Greater hilliness should be considered a risk factor for developing walking difficulties among older adults.
Experimental investigation of flapping mechanism of the black-headed gull in forward flight
Authors: Feshalami Behzad Forouzi , Djavareshkian MH , Yousefi Masoud , Zaree AH , Mehraban AA
Published: December 2018

Many developments in aerospace science have originated from nature. One of these developments has been obtained through inspirations from flying locomotion. The aim of this study is to simulate the flapping mechanism of the black-headed gull in forward flight. The wing of the black-headed gull is characterized entirely by complex dihedral, dividing the wing into two distinct parts. Hence, a flapping mechanism with different bending deflection angles is constructed and compared with a primitive flapping mechanism. Firstly, parametric studies are conducted to assess the role of flapping frequency, velocity and bending deflection angle on the lift, thrust and power loading of the membrane flexible wing at 10 ° angle of attack. Secondly, dimensional analysis is used to establish the similarity between the real gull and the constructed mechanism. Superiority of the bending deflection mechanism is concluded in forward flight against simple flapping wing in terms of aerodynamic forces as well as power loading parameter. It is found that although the aerodynamic coefficients decrease with increase in advance ratio, the best power loading of the black-headed gull is obtained between advance ratio of 2 and 3, in the gull's aerodynamically quasi-steady regime.
Work, Family, and Community Ecologies and Their Influence on Work–Life Fit for Fathers of Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Sellmaier Claudia
Published: December 2018

This study uses the theoretical model of life course fit to assess the interactions of work, family, and community resources in the context of work–life fit for fathers of children with special health care needs. Work, family, and community resources were significant predictors of work–life fit. A significant moderating relationship was found between work and family resource ecologies and a trend-level moderating relationship between family and community resource ecologies. The findings support the theoretical model of life course fit. Future research needs to include community resource ecologies and explore interactive effects between resources. There is a need for improved work and community resources to support fathers’ employment and reduce the pressure on family resources.
Attached, Addicted, and Adrift: Understanding the Rural Opioid Crisis
Authors: Mitchell Alison Smith
Published: December 2018

The United States has an opioid abuse problem. Addressing it remains an intractable challenge, particularly in rural areas. This article proposes that an attachment theoretical orientation helps conceptualize why rural states appear to be vulnerable and suggests solutions. A de-identified clinical case study woven throughout the article illustrates the concepts and complexities. The functional importance of attachment is outlined and then applied to addiction. Finally, rurality is defined and described. In keeping with social work’s person-in-environment (PIE) perspective of understanding the individual in context, attachment concepts are applied to rurality. Considering rural opioid use through the PIE frame, applying attachment theory both individually and systemically provides a compelling model for approaches to social work practice addressing rural opioid addiction.
Implementation of pictorial support for communication with people who have been forced to flee: Experiences from neonatal care
Authors: Thunberg Gunilla , Ferm Ulrika , Blom Åsa , Karlsson Malin , Nilsson Stefan
Published: December 2018

A first attempt was made to introduce picture-based communication at a Swedish neonatal ward to facilitate communication with immigrant patients having fled their country of origin. Six members of staff were interviewed about their experiences using semi-structured dyadic interviews. Their answers were analysed using inductive content analysis, and the results were related to a theoretical framework called Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services. The staff found the pictures to be helpful in communication with refugees. They were motivated to use the pictorial support and experienced a great need for it. Two key prerequisites for successful implementation were identified: receiving training and having a person formally in charge of the implementation process.
A tale of three cities: Aesthetico-cultural cosmopolitanism as a new capital among youth in Paris, São Paulo, and Seoul
Authors: Cicchelli Vincenzo , Octobre Sylvie , Riegel Viviane , Katz-Gerro Tally , Handy Femida
Published: December 2018

This article adds to the literature on the consequences of cultural capital at the age of cultural globalization by analyzing the ways youth engage in globalized cultural consumption in three cities – Paris, São Paulo, and Seoul. Drawing on cosmopolitanism as an aesthetic and cultural stance of openness and on global cultural consumption as providing youth with cosmopolitan skills, we compare the uses of aesthetico-cultural cosmopolitanism in three contexts. We offer an original account of different uses of cosmopolitan cultural skills, which, to varying degrees in the three contexts, signal generational belonging, social distinction, educational and professional success, and personal eruditeness and fulfillment. Analysis of recent interviews with 80 youth in each city reveals distinct uses of aesthetico-cultural cosmopolitanism: as a vehicle for self-development (either empowerment or Bildung) in Paris, as a means for the cultivation of social capital for personal status in São Paulo, and as human capital serving for labor market entry and attainment in Seoul. Our findings accentuate that even with the prevalence of cultural globalization in global cities, the functions of cosmopolitan skills remain highly dependent on educational, institutional, cultural, and political contexts at the national level, which create different incentives and opportunities or barriers to experiencing otherness and developing new types of cultural capital.
Unlearning and public services —A case study with a Vygotskian approach
Authors: Stenvall Jari , Kinder Tony , Kuoppakangas Paivikki , Laitinen Ilpo
Published: December 2018

All successful public service innovations require learning and just as importantly and often more deeply, unlearning. This research investigates the unlearning of health professionals focusing on the issue of why and how unlearning happens at an individual level for health care professions in the transition from product logic to service-dominant logic at Tampere University Hospital in Finland. We applied a qualitative single case study method, a problem-centred unlearning framework with a narrative approach, which facilitates understanding of how the informants perceived the service transition process. We identified three distinct unlearning narratives, and we recognised barriers and enablers to unlearning in the health care service culture and context and suggest ways in which these might be overcome. Results of the study shows that deep and radical change in public health care services is possible, by applying distributed leadership and allowing individual actors time for reflections, mind-wandering, listening and learning from users and discourse between professionals.
Thirty-Day Outcomes of Fenestrated and Chimney Endovascular Repair and Open Repair of Juxtarenal, Pararenal, and Suprarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using National Surgical Quality Initiative Program Database (2012-2016)
Authors: Locham Satinderjit , Dakour-Aridi Hanaa , Bhela Jatminderpal , Nejim Besma , Bhavana Challa Apurva , Malas Mahmoud
Published: December 2018

Background:

Fenestrated endovascular repair (FEVAR) and chimney endovascular repair (ChEVAR) endovascular repair offer a less invasive alternative to open aortic repair (OAR) in managing juxtarenal, pararenal, and suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the 30-day postoperative outcomes following endovascular and open repair of nonruptured AAA involving the renal vessels.

Study Design:

All patients undergoing endovascular (FEVAR and ChEVAR) and open repair of juxtarenal, pararenal, and suprarenal AAA in National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2016 were included. Continuous and categorical covariates were analyzed using medians and χ2/Fisher exact test, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate primary (mortality) and secondary (renal and cardiopulmonary failure) outcomes between open versus endovascular approach.

Results:

A total of 1191 patients underwent AAA repair using open (72%) or endovascular (FEVAR: 14%, ChEVAR: 14%) approach. In univariate analysis, no significant difference in 30-day mortality was seen between the 3 groups (FEVAR: 2.47% vs ChEVAR: 7.32% vs OAR: 6.13%, P = .13). However, 30-day major complications including renal failure (9.36% vs 6.10% vs 1.85%, P = .003) and cardiopulmonary complications (19.77% vs 3.66% vs 4.94%, P < 001) failure were significantly higher in patients undergoing OAR versus ChEVAR versus FEVAR. After adjusting for potential confounders, OAR was associated with 2- to 5-folds increased risk of mortality (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 2.14 [1.09-4.21], P = .03), renal (OR [95% CI]: 2.87 [1.48-5.57], P = .002), and cardiopulmonary failure (OR [95% CI]: 4.63 [2.47-8.67], P < .001) compared to any endovascular repair.

Conclusion:

Using a large national surgical data set, our study found 2- to 5-folds higher mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing open versus endovascular repair of AAA involving the renal vessels. Endovascular repair seems to be a safer approach, especially when managing older patients with AAA.
Two-stage turnout fault diagnosis based on similarity function and fuzzy c-means
Authors: Huang Shize , Yang Xiaolu , Wang Ling , Chen Wei , Zhang Fan , Dong Decun
Published: December 2018

Fault diagnosis for turnouts is crucial to the safety of railways. Existing studies on fault diagnosis depend on human experiences to select reference curves and require fault type information beforehand. Therefore, we proposed a turnout fault diagnosis method, named similarity function and fuzzy c-means based two-stage algorithm to detect faults and identify fault types in real time. First, the reference curve is selected from current curves representing turnout actions by K-means algorithm; then, a similarity function called Fréchet distance is used to distinguish normal and abnormal curves. Second, an improved fuzzy c-means algorithm is employed to cluster curves automatically. To be more specific, it can double-confirm the normal curves recognized in the first step as well as divide the abnormal curves into different types. Furthermore, possible causes for each fault type are inferred according to their curves. Our approach integrates fault detection and fault classification into one model and would better help the diagnosis of turnouts. The analysis results based on the similarity function and fuzzy c-means based two-stage algorithm algorithm indicate that the analyzed turnout fault types can be diagnosed automatically with high accuracy. Furthermore, since the proposed similarity function and fuzzy c-means algorithm does not need to know fault types in advance, it is applicable in identifying new fault types.
Parameter analysis of an entrained flow gasification process
Authors: Kim Hakduck , Jeon Kitae , Lim Heechang , Song Juhun
Published: December 2018

This work presents primary results of a parameter study for entrained flow gasification using a steady-flow reactor model. The influences of important parameters such as coal types, gasifier pressure, gas/coal feeding rate, and coal particle size were studied based on coal conversion and gas product species. The prediction results were compared and validated against those published previously. In particular, a relative importance of reaction stoichiometry, temperature, reaction time (kinetics), or residence time considered in this simulation work was evaluated to affect the gas composition produced from different coals. The optimal carbon monoxide concentration was observed at an oxygen-to-fuel ratio of 0.8, while a greatest carbon conversion was found at a steam-to-fuel ratio of 0.4. Coal particle size has a strong influence on carbon conversion. However, the coal feeding rate has no effect on carbon conversion despite differences in residence time.
Development of comprehensive performance testing technology for motorized spindle
Authors: Wang Junwen , Yang Chuangui , Xia Yangqiu , Hu Qiu , Chen Fei , Du Kun
Published: December 2018

The comprehensive performance test of motorized spindle will contribute to improve the machining quality of machine tool. But existing standards for testing the performance of motorized spindle are limited to test its partial static and dynamic performances. Meantime, most of the researches only focus on the vibration, thermal deformation, and rotary accuracy of motorized spindle. Consequently, how to accurately and comprehensively test the performance of motorized spindle is the key problem. For solving this problem, a comprehensive testing technology is presented in this article. In detail, some principles for establishing a test index system are proposed. And, by synthetically and systematically analyzing the process of structural design, manufacturing and assembly, use, and service, an index system for characterizing the comprehensive performance of motorized spindle is built. Then, some operational test methods are provided to evaluate the selected indexes. Finally, the proposed technology is taken to test a motorized spindle. In brief, the proposed technology will make the performance test of motorized spindle more comprehensive and operational and can provide support for improving the comprehensive performance of the motorized spindle.
Prediction and analysis of surface roughness in selective inhibition sintered high-density polyethylene parts: A parametric approach using response surface methodology–grey relational analysis
Authors: Rajamani D , Ziout Aiman , Balasubramanian E , Velu R , Sachin Salunkhe , Mohamed Hussein
Published: December 2018

Selective inhibition sintering (SIS) process intends to produce near-net-shape components through sintering of specific region of powder particles. The prediction of surface quality in SIS parts is a challenging task due to its complex part building mechanism and influence of abundant process parameters. Therefore, this study investigates the key contributing parameters such as layer thickness, heater energy, heater feedrate and printer feedrate on the surface quality characteristics ( Ra, Rz and Rq) of high-density polyethylene specimens fabricated through selective inhibition sintering process. The SIS system is custom built and experiments are conducted based on four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design. The empirical models have been developed for predicting the influence of selected parameters on surface quality. The optimal process parameters such as the layer thickness of 0.1 mm, heater energy of 28.48 J/mm2, heater feedrate of 3.25 mm/s and printer feedrate of 110 mm/min are attained using grey relational multi-criteria decision-making approach. Furthermore, response surface analysis revealed that surface quality of sintered components is influenced significantly with heater energy and heater feedrate, followed by layer thickness. The confirmation experiments based on optimal process variables validate the developed grey relational analysis strategy.
Memory gaps, lost words and crucial mistakes – Men’s experiences of cognitive difficulties in fibromyalgia
Authors: Sallinen Merja , Marit Mengshoel Anne
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to explore the impact of perceived cognitive problems on daily life in men with fibromyalgia.

Method

The data were collected through life-story interviews of eight men with fibromyalgia. Narrative analysis was conducted to create model narratives that comprise the content and storylines across the data.

Results

Three model narratives are presented in the findings to describe the scope and severity of the cognitive problems. The participants’ experiences of cognitive problems varied from occasional concentration problems to severe and complex difficulties in memory, problem solving and verbal fluency. The impact of these problems on daily life was substantial and overshadowed the participants’ domestic life, social relations and work performance. In some cases, maintaining a role in working life was perceived as challenging.

Discussion

These patients are usually examined and treated in primary health care settings and the assessment tools and interventions should be applicable in these settings. More research is needed to develop effective interventions that address not only memory but also individual’s ability to solve complex problems and to work under pressure as well as the level of verbal fluency, which all are relevant issues in terms of work ability in contemporary society.