bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perron–Frobenius theory for kernels and Crump–Mode–Jagers processes with macro-individuals
Authors: Sagitov Serik
Published: September 2020

Perron–Frobenius theory developed for irreducible non-negative kernels deals with so-called R-positive recurrent kernels. If the kernel M is R-positive recurrent, then the main result determines the limit of the scaled kernel iterations
$R^nM^n$
as
$n\to\infty$
. In Nummelin (1984) this important result is proven using a regeneration method whose major focus is on M having an atom. In the special case when
$M=P$
is a stochastic kernel with an atom, the regeneration method has an elegant explanation in terms of an associated split chain. In this paper we give a new probabilistic interpretation of the general regeneration method in terms of multi-type Galton–Watson processes producing clusters of particles. Treating clusters as macro-individuals, we arrive at a single-type Crump–Mode–Jagers process with a naturally embedded renewal structure.
The good character ‘backstop’: directions, defeasibility and frameworks of fairness
Authors: Glover Richard
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the law on good character evidence in criminal trials through a discussion of the important but under-analysed case of Hunter, in which a five-judge Court of Appeal sought to clarify the law on good character directions to the jury. However, it is argued here that the judgment conflicts with the leading House of Lords decision in Aziz. The paper considers how the court misinterpreted the law and, in particular, the defeasible nature of the rule in Aziz and the impact of the Criminal Justice Act 2003. As a result, the circumstances in which a good character direction will be provided have diminished significantly. It is argued that this has important implications for the right to a fair trial, as good character directions act as a ‘backstop’ against miscarriages of justice. They also form a vital part of the ‘framework of fairness’ considered necessary, in lieu of reasoned jury verdicts, by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights in Taxquet v Belgium. Accordingly, it is contended that Aziz rather than Hunter should be followed so that, where there is evidence of good character, a direction is normally provided as a matter of law.
The association between maternal fat-soluble vitamin concentrations during pregnancy and infant birth weight in China
Authors: Yang Wangxing , Jiao Mingyuan , Xi Lei , Han Na , Luo Shusheng , Xu Xiangrong , Zhou Qianling , Wang Haijun
Published: September 2020

Fat-soluble vitamins during pregnancy are important for fetal growth and development. The present study aimed at exploring the association between vitamin A, E and D status during pregnancy and birth weight. A total of 19 640 women with singleton deliveries from a retrospective study were included. Data were collected by the hospital electronic information system. Maternal serum vitamin A, E and D concentrations were measured during pregnancy. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between the vitamin status and low birth weight (LBW) or macrosomia. Women with excessive vitamin E were more likely to have macrosomia (OR 1·30, 95 % CI 1·07, 1·59) compared with adequate concentration. When focusing onZscores, there was a positive association between vitamin E and macrosomia in the first (OR 1·07, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·14), second (OR 1·27, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·46) and third (OR 1·28, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·54) trimesters; vitamin A was positively associated with LBW in the first (OR 1·14, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·29), second (OR 1·31, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·63) and third (OR 2·00, 95 % CI 1·45, 2·74) trimesters and negatively associated with macrosomia in the second (OR 0·79, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·89) and third (OR 0·77, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·95) trimesters. The study identified that high concentrations of vitamin E are associated with macrosomia. Maintaining a moderate concentration of vitamin A during pregnancy might be beneficial to achieve optimal birth weight. Further studies to explore the mechanism of above associations are warranted.
Fieldwork and disability: an overview for an inclusive experience
Authors: Chiarella Domenico , Vurro Grazia
Published: September 2020

Fieldwork forms the basis of geoscience studies. However, field activities present limitations for people with mental or physical impairments. This aspect can preclude participation in field trips by certain groups of students or limit their experience. In recent years, new types of supporting material and the development of accessible field trips have been a step forward towards the reduction of barriers to inclusion and equal opportunity. In the present work, normal practices of field teaching and potential solutions (and their limitations) to foster inclusion and accessibility to fieldwork are presented.
Cardiac phenotypic spectrum ofKCNT1mutations
Authors: Kohli Utkarsh , Ravishankar Chitra , Nordli Douglas
Published: September 2020

We report a 10-month-old girl withKCNT1(c1420C > T; p. Arg474Cys, R474C) mutation-associated epileptic encephalopathy, systemic-to-pulmonary artery “collateralopathy”, and intermittent QTc prolongation. Spontaneous regression of systemic-to-pulmonary artery collateral-mediated left heart dilation was noted in this patient, a finding which was ominous as it heralded the onset of severe pulmonary hypertension. The structural and electrical phenotypic features ofKCNT1mutation-associated heart disease, including the novel findings noted in our patient, are discussed in detail.
A framework for understanding the pathophysiology of functional neurological disorder
Authors: Drane Daniel L. , Fani Negar , Hallett Mark , Khalsa Sahib S. , Perez David L. , Roberts Nicole A.
Published: September 2020

The symptoms of functional neurological disorder (FND) are a product of its pathophysiology. The pathophysiology of FND is reflective of dysfunction within and across different brain circuits that, in turn, affects specific constructs. In this perspective article, we briefly review five constructs that are affected in FND: emotion processing (including salience), agency, attention, interoception, and predictive processing/inference. Examples of underlying neural circuits include salience, multimodal integration, and attention networks. The symptoms of each patient can be described as a combination of dysfunction in several of these networks and related processes. While we have gained a considerable understanding of FND, there is more work to be done, including determining how pathophysiological abnormalities arise as a consequence of etiologic biopsychosocial factors. To facilitate advances in this underserved and important area, we propose a pathophysiology-focused research agenda to engage government-sponsored funding agencies and foundations.
Demonstration gardens improve agricultural production, food security and preschool child diets in subsistence farming communities in Panama
Authors: Krause Rachel J , Scott Marilyn E , Sinisterra Odalis , Koski Kristine G
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

To explore impacts of a demonstration garden-based agricultural intervention on agricultural knowledge, practices and production, food security and preschool child diet diversity of subsistence farming households.

Design:

Observational study of households new to the intervention or participating for 1 or 5 years. Variables measured were agricultural techniques learned from the intervention and used, agricultural production, household food insecurity (FIS) and child diet diversity (DDS), over one agricultural cycle (during land preparation, growing and harvest months).

Setting:

Fifteen rural subsistence farming communities in Panama.

Participants:

Households participating in intervention (n 237) with minimum one preschool child.

Results:

After 1 year, participants had more learned and applied techniques, more staple crops produced and lower FIS and higher DDS during land preparation and growing months compared with those new to the intervention. After 5 years, participants grew more maize, chickens and types of crops and had higher DDS during growing months and, where demonstration gardens persisted, used more learned techniques and children ate more vitamin A-rich foods. Variables associated with DDS varied seasonally: during land preparation, higher DDS was associated with higher household durable asset-based wealth; during growing months, with greater diversity of vegetables planted and lower FIS; during harvest, with older caregivers, caregivers working less in agriculture, more diverse crops and receiving food from demonstration gardens.

Conclusions:

The intervention improved food production, food security and diets. Sustained demonstration gardens were important for continued use of new agricultural techniques and improved diets.
Core components of mental health stigma reduction interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Clay J. , Eaton J. , Gronholm P. C. , Semrau M. , Votruba N.
Published: September 2020

Aims

To identify and categorise core components of effective stigma reduction interventions in the field of mental health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and compare these components across cultural contexts and between intervention characteristics.

Methods

Seven databases were searched with a strategy including four categories of terms ('stigma’, ‘mental health’, ‘intervention’ and ‘low- and middle-income countries’). Additional methods included citation chaining of all papers identified for inclusion, consultation with experts and hand searching reference lists from other related reviews. Studies on interventions in LMICs aiming to reduce stigma related to mental health with a stigma-related outcome measure were included. All relevant intervention characteristics and components were extracted and a quality assessment was undertaken. A ‘best fit’ framework synthesis was used to organise data, followed by a narrative synthesis.

Results

Fifty-six studies were included in this review, of which four were ineffective and analysed separately. A framework was developed which presents a new categorisation of stigma intervention components based on the included studies. Most interventions utilised multiple methods and of the 52 effective studies educational methods were used most frequently (n = 83), and both social contact (n = 8) and therapeutic methods (n = 3) were used infrequently. Most interventions (n = 42) based their intervention on medical knowledge, but a variety of other themes were addressed. All regions with LMICs were represented, but every region was dominated by studies from one country. Components varied between regions for most categories indicating variation between cultures, but only a minority of studies were developed in the local setting or culturally adapted.

Conclusions

Our study suggests effective mental health stigma reduction interventions in LMICs have increased in quantity and quality over the past five years, and a wide variety of components have been utilised successfully – from creative methods to emphasis on recovery and strength of people with mental illness. Yet there is minimal mention of social contact, despite existing strong evidence for it. There is also a lack of robust research designs, a high number of short-term interventions and follow-up, nominal use of local expertise and the research is limited to a small number of LMICs. More research is needed to address these issues. Some congruity exists in components between cultures, but generally they vary widely. The review gives an in-depth overview of mental health stigma reduction core components, providing researchers in varied resource-poor settings additional knowledge to help with planning mental health stigma reduction interventions.
Berufsethische Leitlinien, Überzeugungen und Verhaltensweisen in der Angewandten Sportpsychologie
Authors: Lobinger Babett Helen , Reinhard Martin Leo , Querfurth Sydney
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Übergeordnetes Anliegen des vorliegenden Beitrags stellt die vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit berufsethischen Aspekten in der Angewandten Sportpsychologie dar. Dazu werden einleitend berufsethische Leitlinien der Interessensverbände sowie Positionen weiterer Stakeholder dargelegt. In Anlehnung an US-amerikanische Befragungen wird in der Folge eine Online Befragung zu ethischen Überzeugungen und Verhaltensweisen vorgestellt. Die Verhaltensbeschreibungen betreffen beispielsweise Vertraulichkeit, potentielle Rollenkonflikte, Fragen der Titelführung und Werbung sowie Umgang mit Diversität. Die befragten Sportpsychologinnen und Sportpsychologen ( N = 83) waren gebeten, berufsethisch kritische Verhaltensbeschreibungen hinsichtlich Vertretbarkeit und Häufigkeit einzuschätzen. Die Auswertung prüft vor allem Konsens und Dissens der Befragten und vergleicht Meinung und Verhaltenshäufigkeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen insgesamt einen breiten Konsens zu berufsethisch zentralen Themen wie Vertraulichkeit, aber auch Dissens zu sensiblen Themen wie Doping. Die Diskussion integriert Leitlinien, Positionen und Forschungsergebnisse und legt einen Schwerpunkt auf die besonderen Rahmenbedingungen im Leistungssport und die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen. Abschließend werden Hinweise zu weiterführenden Informationen und hilfreichen Materialien gegeben.
Mars' Ionopause: A Matter of Pressures
Authors: Sánchez‐Cano Beatriz , Narvaez Clara , Lester Mark , Mendillo Michael , Mayyasi Majd , Holmstrom Mats , Halekas Jasper , Andersson Laila , Fowler Christopher M. , McFadden James P. , Durward Sofija
Published: September 2020

This study assesses under what circumstances the Martian ionopause is formed on the dayside, both in regions where there are strong crustal magnetic fields and areas where these fields are small (<30 nT). Multiple data sets from three MAVEN dayside deep dip campaigns are utilized between periapsis and 600–1,000 km, as well as solar wind observations from Mars Express. The ionopause is identified as a sudden decrease of the electron density with increasing altitude and a simultaneous increase of the electron temperature and variability below 400 km. This is a physically robust approach as the electron temperature is a key parameter in determining the structure of the ionospheric profile, and, therefore, also a strong indicator of the ionopause location. We find that 36% (54%) of the electron density profiles over strong (weak) crustal magnetic field regions had an ionopause event. We also evaluate the roles of ionospheric thermal and magnetic pressures on the ionopause formation as well as the presence of solar wind particles, H+, down to the location of the ionopause. We found that the topside ionosphere is typically magnetized at mostly all altitudes. The ionopause, if formed, occurs where the total ionospheric pressure (magnetic + thermal) equals the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure. Moreover, the lower edge of the ionopause coincides with the altitude where the solar wind flow stops: The thermal pressure suffers a significant reduction with increasing altitude and the solar wind proton density has a prominent increase.
Transient Enhancement and Decoupling of Carbon and Opal Export in Cyclonic Eddies
Authors: Zhou Kuanbo , Dai Minhan , Xiu Peng , Wang Lei , Hu Jianyu , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia R.
Published: September 2020

Given their ephemeral nature, eddies have proven difficult to study, with contrary results from field observations that typically sample at the center during a specific stage of an eddy lifespan. Using the natural occurring radionuclide 234Th, we examined particle fluxes within two cyclonic eddies (CEs) at different evolutionary stages (mature stage eddy, C2, and a decay stage eddy, C1) in the oligotrophic western South China Sea (SCS). Using a 1‐D steady state model, 234Th derived particulate organic carbon (POC) and opal fluxes at 100 m were determined. Both POC and opal fluxes were significantly higher at the eddy edges relative to the eddy cores, with integrated eddy POC and opal fluxes of 6.2 (2.1) mmol C m−2 day−1 and 1.5 (0.28) mmol Si m−2 day−1 in C2 (C1). When compared to non‐eddy regimes, both POC (by 2.6‐fold) and opal fluxes (by 7.5‐fold) in C2 were enhanced; they were reduced and decoupled (0.9‐fold and 1.4‐fold) in C1. The difference in enhancement of particle fluxes and the coupling/decoupling between POC and opal flux likely reflects changes in phytoplankton community structures resulting from eddy evolution. Scaling these results to the entire SCS basin suggests that CEs contribute <4% of the net POC flux but >15% of the opal flux. Therefore, CEs may regulate the biogeochemical cycling of silica to a much greater extent than carbon in the ocean.
Elotuzumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in RRMM: final overall survival results from the phase 3 randomized ELOQUENT-2 study
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Lonial Sagar , White Darrell , Moreau Philippe , Weisel Katja , San-Miguel Jesus , Shpilberg Ofer , Grosicki Sebastian , Špička Ivan , Walter-Croneck Adam , Magen Hila , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Belch Andrew , Reece Donna , Beksac Meral , Spencer Andrew , Oakervee Heather , Orlowski Robert Z. , Taniwaki Masafumi , Röllig Christoph , Einsele Hermann , Matsumoto Morio , Wu Ka Lung , Anderson Kenneth C. , Jou Ying-Ming , Ganetsky Alex , Singhal Anil K. , Richardson Paul G.
Published: September 2020

Prolonging overall survival (OS) remains an unmet need in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In ELOQUENT-2 (NCT01239797), elotuzumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (ERd) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) versus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) in patients with RRMM and 1–3 prior lines of therapy (LoTs). We report results from the pre-planned final OS analysis after a minimum follow-up of 70.6 months, the longest reported for an antibody-based triplet in RRMM. Overall, 646 patients with RRMM and 1–3 prior LoTs were randomized 1:1 to ERd or Rd. PFS and overall response rate were co-primary endpoints. OS was a key secondary endpoint, with the final analysis planned after 427 deaths. ERd demonstrated a statistically significant 8.7-month improvement in OS versus Rd (median, 48.3 vs 39.6 months; hazard ratio, 0.82 [95.4% Cl, 0.68–1.00]; P = 0.0408 [less than allotted α of 0.046]), which was consistently observed across key predefined subgroups. No additional safety signals with ERd at extended follow-up were reported. ERd is the first antibody-based triplet regimen shown to significantly prolong OS in patients with RRMM and 1–3 prior LoTs. The magnitude of OS benefit was greatest among patients with adverse prognostic factors, including older age, ISS stage III, IMWG high-risk disease, and 2–3 prior LoTs.
Publisher Correction: Dramatic HIV DNA degradation associated with spontaneous HIV suppression and disease-free outcome in a young seropositive woman following her infection
Authors: Colson Philippe , Dhiver Catherine , Tamalet Catherine , Delerce Jeremy , Glazunova Olga O. , Gaudin Maxime , Levasseur Anthony , Raoult Didier
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Identifiability of structural networks of nonlinear electronic oscillators
Authors: Vera-Ávila V. P. , Sevilla-Escoboza R. , Goñi J. , Rivera-Durón R. R. , Buldú J. M.
Published: September 2020

The interplay between structure and function is critical in the understanding of complex systems, their dynamics and their behavior. We investigated the interplay between structural and functional networks by means of the differential identifiability framework, which here quantifies the ability of identifying a particular network structure based on (1) the observation of its functional network and (2) the comparison with a prior observation under different initial conditions. We carried out an experiment consisting of the construction of $$M=20$$

M
=
20

different structural networks composed of $$N=28$$

N
=
28

nonlinear electronic circuits and studied the regions where network structures are identifiable. Specifically, we analyzed how differential identifiability is related to the coupling strength between dynamical units (modifying the level of synchronization) and what are the consequences of increasing the amount of noise existing in the functional networks. We observed that differential identifiability reaches its highest value for low to intermediate coupling strengths. Furthermore, it is possible to increase the identifiability parameter by including a principal component analysis in the comparison of functional networks, being especially beneficial for scenarios where noise reaches intermediate levels. Finally, we showed that the regime of the parameter space where differential identifiability is the highest is highly overlapped with the region where structural and functional networks correlate the most.
Artificial iris performance for smart contact lens vision correction applications
Authors: Vásquez Quintero Andrés , Pérez-Merino Pablo , De Smet Herbert
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the simulated performance assessment of an artificial iris embedded on a scleral contact lens using real data from an aniridia patient. The artificial iris is based on guest–host liquid crystal cells (GH-LCD) in order to actively modify the transmittance of the lens and effective pupil size. Experimental validation of the GH-LCD spectrum and iris contrast (determined to be 1:2.1) enabled the development of optical models that include the effect of a small pupil on image quality and visual quality on an optical system with aniridia characteristics. Visual simulations at different light conditions (high/low photopic and mesopic) demonstrated the theoretical capacity of the customized artificial iris smart contact lens to expand the depth-of-focus and decrease the optical aberrations (in particular, the spherical aberration). The visual modelling suggests a maximum depth-of-focus value for a 2-mm pupil diameter for both eyes as follows: 3D (1,000 cd/m2), 2D (10 cd/m2) and 0.75D (1 cd/m2). This work demonstrates the beneficial optical effects of an active artificial iris, based on visual simulations in response to different light levels, and enables further experimental investigation on patients to validate the dynamic light attenuation and visual performance of smart contact lenses with GH-LCD.
Impact of benzodiazepine consumption reduction on future burden of dementia
Authors: Jacqmin-Gadda Hélène , Guillet Florian , Mathieu Clément , Helmer Catherine , Pariente Antoine , Joly Pierre
Published: September 2020

Dementia is a major public health issue worldwide and chronic use of benzodiazepine, which is very frequent in northern countries, was found to be a risk factor of dementia. This work aims at evaluating the impact of a reduction in chronic use of benzodiazepine on the future burden of dementia in France. Using estimations of dementia incidence and of benzodiazepine use and nation-wide projections of mortality and population sizes, a Monte Carlo approach based on an illness-death model provided projections of several indicators of dementia burden. With no change in benzodiazepine consumption, the prevalence of dementia between age 65 and 99 in France in 2040 was estimated at 2.16 millions (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93–2.38), with a life expectancy without dementia at 65 years equal to 25.0 years (24.7–25.3) for women and 23.8 years (23.5–24.2) for men. Assuming a disappearance of chronic use of benzodiazepine in 2020, the prevalence would be reduced by about 6.6% in 2040 and the life expectancy without dementia would increase by 0.99 (0.93–1.06) year among women and 0.56 (0.50–0.62) among men. To conclude, a modest but significant reduction in future dementia burden could be obtained by applying current recommendation for duration of benzodiazepine use.
Low levels of salivary metals, oral microbiome composition and dental decay
Authors: Davis Elyse , Bakulski Kelly M. , Goodrich Jaclyn M. , Peterson Karen E. , Marazita Mary L. , Foxman Betsy
Published: September 2020

Salivary microbiome composition can change following exposure to environmental toxicants, e.g., heavy metals. We hypothesized that levels of salivary nutrients and metals would correlate with salivary microbiome composition and be associated with dental decay. Here we assess the salivary concentrations of 5 essential minerals (cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc), 4 metals with some evidence of normal physiological function (chromium, nickel, tungsten, and vanadium), and 12 with known toxicity (antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, cesium, lead, mercury, platinum, thallium, tin, and uranium), and their associations with salivary microbiome composition and dental decay in 61 children and adults. 16 metals were detected in 54% of participants; 8 were found in all. Marked differences in salivary bacterial taxa were associated with levels of antimony, arsenic, and mercury, after adjusting for multiple testing. Further, antimony levels were associated with the presence of decayed teeth. Thus, salivary metal levels, even at low concentrations, may impact oral health.
Large zooming range adaptive microscope employing tunable objective and eyepiece
Authors: Kuang Feng-Lin , Yuan Rong-Ying , Wang Qiong-Hua , Li Lei
Published: September 2020

The conventional microscope has discrete magnification and slow response time in zoom process, which is difficult to capture the dynamic activity of the live specimen. We demonstrate an adaptive microscope employing a tunable objective and a tunable eyepiece with large zooming range. The tunable objective consists of three glass lenses and four electrowetting liquid lenses. The tunable eyepiece consists of an achromatic eyepiece and an electrowetting liquid lens. The focal point between the objective and the eyepiece is designed to be tunable, which are controlled by voltages. Thus, the tuning range is relatively large. We fabricate the adaptive microscope and observe the specimen. In the experiment, the magnification of the microscope changes continuously from ~ 59.1 × to ~ 159.2 × , and the largest numerical aperture is ~ 0.212. The tunable eyepiece can release the back focal length of the tunable objective, which increases the zoom range of the microscope. No mechanical movement is required and the aberrations can be corrected over a wide wavelength range. Thus, the proposed adaptive microscope has a potential application in biological research and clinical medical examination.
Canagliflozin ameliorates renal oxidative stress and inflammation by stimulating AMPK–Akt–eNOS pathway in the isoprenaline-induced oxidative stress model
Authors: Hasan Raquibul , Lasker Shoumen , Hasan Ahasanul , Zerin Farzana , Zamila Mushfera , Parvez Faisal , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Khan Ferdous , Subhan Nusrat , Alam Md. Ashraful
Published: September 2020

Diabetes is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, and the high prevalence of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity in diabetic patients makes them further susceptible to SNS-mediated oxidative stress and accelerated kidney damage. Here, we investigated if canagliflozin can reverse isoprenaline (ISO)-induced renal oxidative damage in rats, a model that mimics SNS overstimulation-induced organ injuries in humans. We found that ISO administration elevates renal oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO), while depleting levels of endogenous antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Strikingly, canagliflozin treatment of ISO-treated rats not only prevents elevation of oxidative stress markers but also rescues levels of depleted antioxidants. Our results also show that canagliflozin stimulates antioxidant/anti-inflammatory signaling pathways involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt and eNOS, and inhibits iNOS and NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4), all of which are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Further, canagliflozin prevents ISO-induced apoptosis of kidney cells by inhibiting Bax protein upregulation and caspase-3 activation. Histological examination of kidney sections reveal that canagliflozin attenuates ISO-mediated increases in inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and fibrosis. Finally, consistent with these findings, canagliflozin treatment improves kidney function in ISO-treated rats, suggesting that the antioxidant effects may be clinically translatable.
A double dissociation between action and perception in bimanual grasping: evidence from the Ponzo and the Wundt–Jastrow illusions
Authors: Ozana Aviad , Ganel Tzvi
Published: September 2020

Research on visuomotor control suggests that visually guided actions toward objects rely on functionally distinct computations with respect to perception. For example, a double dissociation between grasping and between perceptual estimates was reported in previous experiments that pit real against illusory object size differences in the context of the Ponzo illusion. While most previous research on the relation between action and perception focused on one-handed grasping, everyday visuomotor interactions also entail the simultaneous use of both hands to grasp objects that are larger in size. Here, we examined whether this double dissociation extends to bimanual movement control. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with different-sized objects embedded in the Ponzo Illusion. In Experiment 2, we tested whether the dissociation between perception and action extends to a different illusion, the Wundt–Jastrow illusion, which has not been previously used in grasping experiments. In both experiments, bimanual grasping trajectories reflected the differences in physical size between the objects; At the same time, perceptual estimates reflected the differences in illusory size between the objects. These results suggest that the double dissociation between action and perception generalizes to bimanual movement control. Unlike conscious perception, bimanual grasping movements are tuned to real-world metrics, and can potentially resist irrelevant information on relative size and depth.
Nano and microscale delivery platforms for enhanced oral peptide/protein bioavailability
Authors: Tong Tong , Wang Liying , You Xinru , Wu Jun
Published: September 2020

This review provides a renewed emphasis on nano and microscale delivery platforms for oral peptide/protein delivery with enhanced bioavailability.
Anionic metal–organic framework as a unique turn-on fluorescent chemical sensor for ultra-sensitive detection of antibiotics
Authors: Li Chuan-Ping , Long Wei-Wei , Lei Zhen , Guo Ling , Xie Ming-Jun , Lü Jian , Zhu Xian-Dong
Published: September 2020

Fabrication and engineering of an anionic metal–organic framework as a unique turn-on fluorescent chemical sensor for the ultra-sensitive detection of antibiotics.
A close competition between O–H⋯O and O–H⋯π hydrogen bonding: IR spectroscopy of anisole–methanol complex in helium nanodroplets
Authors: Roy Tarun Kumar , Mani Devendra , Schwaab Gerhard , Havenith Martina
Published: September 2020

Anisole forms O–H⋯O as well O–H⋯π bound complexes with methanol.
p-Xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and acrylic acid using zeolite in a continuous flow system
Authors: Mendoza Mesa Jose Alirio , Brandi Francesco , Shekova Irina , Antonietti Markus , Al-Naji Majd
Published: September 2020

The continuous flow synthesis of p-xylene (pXL) via Diels–Alder cycloaddition of lignocellulosic biomass-derivable 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and acrylic acid (AA) was performed over different types of zeolites.
Photoinduced, strain-promoted cycloadditions oftrans-cycloheptenones and azides
Authors: Yang Hongzhi , Zeng Tianying , Xi Shuang , Hu Shengkun , Wu Yunfei , Tang Yefeng
Published: September 2020

Metal-free cycloadditions of cycloheptenones with azides have been developed, hinging on a photoisomerization/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/aerobic oxidation reaction sequence.
Chlorophyll-catalyzed photochemical regioselective coumarin C–H arylation with diazonium salts
Authors: Moazzam Ali , Jafarpour Farnaz
Published: September 2020

A metal-free, direct C–H arylation of coumarins with aryl diazonium salts at room temperature using chlorophyll as a green photosensitizer is devised.
Skeletal remodelling of α-substituted cyclic eneformamides to α-ketonyl cyclic amines
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Garcia Jorge , Smith Meagan , Orellana Alexis O.
Published: September 2020

A modular dehomologation strategy, which skeletally remodels cyclic α-substituted eneformamides to one-carbon shorter α-ketonyl saturated cyclic amines is described.
Two ruthenium polypyridyl complexes functionalized with thiophen: synthesis and antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Liao Xiangwen , Jiang Guijuan , Wang Jintao , Duan Xuemin , Liao Zhouyuji , Lin Xiaoli , Shen Jihong , Xiong Yanshi , Jiang Guangbin
Published: September 2020

Ruthenium polypyridyl complexRu(ii)-2could increase the susceptibility ofS. aureusto the aminoglycoside antibiotic (kanamycin).
Synergistic effect of MWCNTs and MA-g-PP on the thermal and viscoelastic properties of immiscible PTT/PP blends
Authors: Ramachandran Ajitha Anthickamalil , Reghunadhan Arunima , Kunjappan Aswathi Madathinal , Mathew Lovely P. , Thomas Sabu , Laroze David , Strankowski Michał
Published: September 2020

The properties of immiscible blends of PTT and PP were modified by grafting and nanoparticle inclusion.
Guanine damage by singlet oxygen from SYBR Green I in liquid crystalline DNA
Authors: Sakurai Shunsuke , Jo Kento , Kinoshita Hikari , Esumi Mayu , Tanaka Makiko
Published: September 2020

Efficiency of guanine damage by singlet oxygen generated from photoexcited SYBR Green I was remarkably promoted in liquid crystalline DNA.
An easy synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots as a probe for chloramphenicol
Authors: Zuo Pengli , Chen Zhongguang , Yu Fengling , Zhang Jinyu , Zuo Wei , Gao Yanli , Liu Qingyou
Published: September 2020

The spontaneous synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots was reported, and they were used as a probe for chloramphenicol.
Construction of a silicate-based epitaxial transition film on a zirconia ceramic surface to improve the bonding quality of zirconia restorations
Authors: Liu Xiuju , Wang Han , Yu Shiyang , Zhao Qi , Shi Zuosen , Cui Zhanchen , Zhu Song
Published: September 2020

The effect of a silicate-based epitaxial transition film on zirconia produced by a silicate solution during zirconia–resin bonding was investigated.
ZnO quantum dot-modified rGO with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Jian Zhixu , Zhang Shichao , Guan Xianggang , Li Jiajie , Li Honglei , Wang Wenxu , Xing Yalan , Xu Huaizhe
Published: September 2020

ZnO quantum dot-modified rGO was first introduced into lithium–sulfur cathodes, realizing better reaction kinetics and enhanced electrochemical performance.
Unraveling the kinetics and molecular mechanism of gas phase pyrolysis of cubane to [8]annulene
Authors: Seif Ahmad , Domingo Luis R. , Zahedi Ehsan , Ahmadi Temer S. , Mazarei Elham
Published: September 2020

Kinetic and electron density flows are studied theoretically for the gas phase pyrolysis of cubane via its cage opening to bicyclooctatriene and then thermal rearrangement of bicyclooctatriene to produce [8]annulene which is the experimentally observed major product.
Lutetium-containing sinoporphyrin sodium: a water-soluble photosensitizer with balanced fluorescence and phosphorescence for ratiometric oxygen sensing
Authors: Zang Lixin , Zhao Huimin
Published: September 2020

A lutetium(iii)-porphyrin was designed as a phosphorescent photosensitizer to balance phosphorescence and fluorescence emissions for ratiometric O2 sensing.
Self-assembly of photoresponsive azo-containing phospholipids with a polar group as the tail
Authors: Ma Su , Kurihara Seiji , Tomimori Yasuhiro , Kim Sunnam , Kwon Eunsang , Muramatsu Atsushi , Kanie Kiyoshi
Published: September 2020

A mixture of a nitro- and methoxy-substituted azo-containing phospholipids without long alkyl tails formed vesicles showing visible light stimuli-responsive behavior. Release of encapsulated calcein from the vesicles was triggered by visible light.
Triphenylamine and terpyridine–zinc(ii) complex based donor–acceptor soft hybrid as a visible light-driven hydrogen evolution photocatalyst
Authors: Samanta Debabrata , Kumar Manish , Singh Sugandha , Verma Parul , Kar Kamal K. , Maji Tapas Kumar , Ghorai Manas K
Published: September 2020

A donor–acceptor coordination polymer (TPA-Zn) was synthesized by Zn(ii)-assisted self-assembly of an in situ generated triphenylamine (TPA) cored tristerpyridine ligand.
A high performance direct borohydride fuel cell using bipolar interfaces and noble metal-free Ni-based anodes
Authors: Braesch Guillaume , Wang Zhongyang , Sankarasubramanian Shrihari , Oshchepkov Alexandr G. , Bonnefont Antoine , Savinova Elena R. , Ramani Vijay , Chatenet Marian
Published: September 2020

Due to its unmatched theoretical voltage of 2.18 V, a direct alkaline fuel cell using sodium borohydride solution at the anode and hydrogen peroxide at the cathode represents a promising power source for high energy density applications.
Atomically resolved surface phases of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3(110) thin films
Authors: Franceschi Giada , Schmid Michael , Diebold Ulrike , Riva Michele
Published: September 2020

The atomic-scale details of several surface phases of lanthanum–strontium manganite (La1−xSrxMnO3−δ, LSMO) with different near-surface cation stoichiometry are unveiled and systematically investigated for the first time.
An anti-aging polymer electrolyte for flexible rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Dong Haobo , Li Jianwei , Zhao Siyu , Zhao Fangjia , Xiong Siyu , Brett Dan J. L. , He Guanjie , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: September 2020

An adhesive polymer electrolyte was developed for solid-state zinc-ion batteries. The resistance maintains constant for over 200 hours, much better than that of conventional hydrogel electrolytes.
Discovery of a novel rare-earth free narrow-band blue-emitting phosphor Y3Al2Ga3O12:Bi3+with strong NUV excitation for LCD LED backlights
Authors: Zheng Chibin , Xiong Puxian , Peng Mingying , Liu Huailu
Published: September 2020

Herein, an emerging no-rare earth doped and narrow-band blue-emitting phosphor of Y3Al2Ga3O12: Bi3+with narrow-band blue emission peaking at 410 nm with FWHM of 39 nm, is pioneeringly developedviaselective excitation.
Direct arylation polycondensed conjugated polyelectrolytes as universal electron transport layers for highly efficient polymer solar cells
Authors: Hu Zhicheng , Chen Zhiming , Jing Jianhua , Liang Yuanying , Bai Yuanqing , Liu Xiaocheng , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a series of direct arylation polycondensed conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) for application in universal and thickness-insensitive electron transport materials (ETMs) of highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs).
Amino acid starvation inhibits autophagy in lipid droplet-deficient cells through mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Voisin Pierre , Bernard Marianne , Bergès Thierry , Régnacq Matthieu
Published: September 2020

Lipid droplets are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotes that act as storage sites for neutral lipids. Under normal growth conditions, they are not required in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, recent works have shown that lipid droplets are required for autophagy to proceed in response to nitrogen starvation and that they play an essential role in maintaining ER homeostasis. Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway that helps degradation and recycling of potentially harmful proteins and organelles. It can be pharmacologically induced by rapamycin even in the absence of lipid droplets. Here, we show that amino acid starvation is responsible for autophagy failure in lipid droplet-deficient yeast. It not only fails to induce autophagy but also inhibits rapamycin-induced autophagy. The general amino acid control pathway is not involved in this paradoxical effect of amino acid shortage. We correlate the autophagy failure with mitochondria aggregation and we show that amino acid starvation-induced autophagy is restored in lipid droplet-deficient yeast by increasing mitochondrial biomass physiologically (respiration) or genetically (REG1 deletion). Our results establish a new functional link between lipid droplets, ER and mitochondria during nitrogen starvation-induced autophagy.
The population dynamics of the red porgy Pagrus pagrus along southern Brazil, before its fishery collapse in the 1980s: a baseline study
Authors: Haimovici Manuel , Kikuchi Eidi , Cardoso Luís Gustavo , Moralles Rubens
Published: September 2020

The intense exploitation since 1972 of the formerly only slightly exploited protogynous hermaphroditic fish Pagrus pagrus (L.) in southern Brazil has led in less than a decade to the collapse of the fishery, with no recovery four decades later. In this study we analized the age structure, growth, reproduction and mortality of the species were studied based on samples collected from 1976 to 1985 to provide a baseline before the onset of overexploitation. Maximum estimated ages were 21 and 26 years based on scale and otolith readings, respectively. Mean total length (TL) at age did not differ between males and females, while hermaphrodites were smaller. The von Bertalanffy growth coefficients for all fish (immature, females, hermaphrodites and males) were L∞ = 447 mm, k = 0.204 and t0 = −1.134 yr. Change in growth was observed during the study period. Females were dominant at all sizes, hermaphrodites were only present up to intermediate sizes, and males, despite being infrequent at small sizes, made up over 40% among the larger specimen (TL > 400 mm). Spawning took place mainly in late spring and condition factors were lower after spawning. Natural mortality was estimated as M = 0.173 yr−1 based on the von Bertalanffy growth parameters. Total mortality (Z) and exploitation rate (E) estimated from catch curves of fully recruited red porgies aged five to ten years increased from 0.24 yr−1 and 28% before 1973 to 0.49 yr−1 and 63% in the following years. Two distinct scale and otolith patterns, one with well-marked annuli and another with faint or absent annuli, suggested that the red porgy stock off southern Brazil might not be homogeneous and may include subpopulations that do not fully mix.
Guides de mémoire et stratégies discursives
Authors: Giaufret Anna , Vicari Stefano
Published: September 2020

Cette étude souhaite contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes discursifs à travers lesquels se construit et se diffuse dans l’espace discursif public le discours de la mémoire des deux conflits mondiaux du XXe siècle. Notre corpus est constitué de 10 guides touristiques de mémoire publiés en France à l’occasion du Centenaire de la Première Guerre Mondiale (Michelin, Routard, Petit Futé).
Proximisation discursive et co-construction de communauté sur Twitch
Authors: Choquet Elise , Osorio Ruiz Natalia Marcela
Published: September 2020

De nos jours, de multiples dispositifs et plateformes numériques offrent aux internautes l’opportunité de dépasser les contraintes de co-présence dans l’espace physique et de se rapprocher les uns des autres en fonctions de leurs points d’intérêts et affinités. Néanmoins, au sein de ces interactions numériques, les enjeux sont différents selon le type de participant. Dans le cas des plateformes de diffusion de sessions de jeux vidéo comme Twitch, pour l’instance de production représentée par le joueur, l’enjeu ne se limite pas à la production de contenu. En effet, le joueur doit animer sa diffusion afin d’offrir non seulement du contenu vidéoludique mais également des échanges interactionnels aux spectateurs. Bien que le partage d’une passion commune amène les divers acteurs à se réunir autour de ces sessions, il existe un enjeu économique qui dépend des abonnements des spectateurs à la chaîne du joueur. Dès lors, en tant que pierre angulaire de cette pratique, le joueur déploie des stratégies pour tisser un lien de confiance avec ses spectateurs. Dans la présente étude, nous nous concentrons sur les procédures discursives qui lui permettent de co-construire et faire perdurer le lien social à travers une communauté en ligne dans le cadre d’une pratique vidéoludique.
Les marques de causalité : Etude contrastive des emplois de parce que et comme à partir de données orales (ESLO)
Authors: Darmon Christophe Mitchito
Published: September 2020

De nombreuses études portant sur la causalité se sont intéressées à parce que, car et puisque. Cependant, comme à valeur causale mérite une plus grande attention, car sa structure syntaxique se démarque des autres connecteurs en introduisant la cause avant la conséquence. Cette particularité pourrait-elle induire une perspective différente du rapport de causalité ? En s’appuyant sur le corpus oral ESLO (Enquêtes SocioLinguistiques à Orléans), cet article présente une étude contrastive de comme et parce que qui met en évidence leurs distributions quantitative, syntaxique et discursive à l’oral. Les résultats montrent que parce que peut être dépendant et indépendant syntaxiquement et pragmatiquement. Il peut assurer différentes relations discursives (Explication, Résultat, Arrière-plan), mais les locuteurs l’emploient essentiellement pour exprimer la première. En revanche, comme est moins fréquent, mais révèle une plus grande variété d’emplois discursifs dans le corpus, malgré des contraintes linguistiques plus importantes que parce que. Les tests de substitution le démontrent. Pour finir, les cas litigieux de relations causales et d’arrière-plan avec comme ont révélé une propension à introduire une cause cadrative alors que parce que indique plutôt l’origine de la conséquence. Ainsi chaque connecteur confère intrinsèquement une perspective différente du rapport de causalité.
La nomination des enfants décédés en bas-âge et de leurs parents. D’une analyse du discours située à une linguistique d’intervention
Authors: Caliendo Giuditta , Ruchon Catherine
Published: September 2020

Cette contribution pose une réflexion sur la nomination des enfants décédés en bas âge et de leurs parents pour lesquels la langue française ne dispose d’aucun terme. Cette question ontologique soulève un problème politique et moral. La lacune lexicale exerce une forme d’oppression par la non reconnaissance de l’enfant décédé et par une perte de statut de parent pour le père et la mère. Un continuum se dessine depuis l’absence d’une désignation dans le lexique jusqu’à la présence de désignations stigmatisantes, dans le discours médico-juridique par exemple. Cet article souhaite ouvrir la voie à une politique de nomination qui
associe de manière contributive les personnes concernées à la réflexion discursive et lexicologique. Notre approche s’inscrit dans un double ancrage théorique, celui de l’analyse du discours et celui de l’intersectionnalité. Nous étudierons dans un premier temps les métadiscours des personnes endeuillées en faisant l’inventaire des autodésignations utilisées par les concerné·e·s. Nous montrerons ensuite que certain·e·s d’entre elles·eux tentent de faire entendre
leur voix par une action publique et des demandes de réflexion terminologique. Puis nous soulignerons l’activité métalinguistique des énonciatrices·teurs dans leur quête d’un désignant adapté à leur situation. L’une des caractéristiques spécifiques de ce travail est la collaboration entre chercheurs·ses et personnes concernées, source de points de vue situés. L’objectif final de cette recherche est la création ou la validation d’une désignation acceptée par les endeuillé·e·s.