bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Analysis of an Item Pool: Assessing Students’ Mathematical Conceptual Attainment
Authors: - Tenzin Pedon , - Jatinder Grover
Published: February 2025

Many students find mathematics difficult, and a lack of mathematical conceptual understanding is one of the key reasons. Assessing students’ conceptual knowledge helps in identifying their specific challenges in a particular topic. We develop a conceptual attainment test instrument to measure students’ conceptual level in four mathematical topics at the secondary school level. The instrument consists of fifty-five multiple-choice questions (MCQ) and thirty true or false questions framed based on three lower levels of Bloom’s taxonomy of learning. The purpose of this study is to develop the instrument, identify item characteristics, and determine its validity and reliability. The data was collected by random sampling from 124 students studying in ninth and tenth grades from two schools. The item analysis was done based on classical test theory, and the reliability of the items was found by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The overall findings led to the final item bank of fifty MCQ and fifteen true or false with Cronbach’s alpha value 0.810, indicating high internal consistency reliability. This item bank can be used for formative assessment to test grade 9th students’ conceptual understanding of each topic separately.
Role of Alexithymia in Coping Strategies and Attachment Style Among Middle-Adults
Authors: - Devika Girish , - Dr. Soumya R.R
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between alexithymia, coping strategies, and attachment styles in middle-aged adults. Alexithymia, characterized by difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions, is often linked to maladaptive coping mechanisms and insecure attachment patterns. The study involved 207 participants aged 40-60 who completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), BRIEF Cope Scale, and Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between alexithymia and avoidant coping strategies, indicating that individuals with higher levels of alexithymia tend to avoid dealing with stress. Additionally, alexithymia was negatively correlated with secure attachment, suggesting that those with emotional processing difficulties are less likely to form secure emotional bonds. No significant gender differences were found in alexithymia, coping strategies, or attachment styles, implying that these emotional challenges are experienced similarly across genders in middle adulthood. The study underscores the importance of therapeutic interventions aimed at improving emotional awareness and expression to promote healthier coping mechanisms and stronger attachment patterns. The findings of the current study contribute to the understanding of how alexithymia impacts emotional regulation and relationships in middle adulthood and suggest pathways for future research and clinical applications.
The Social Construction of Divinity: Understanding the Human Belief in God
Authors: - Dr. Sachin Krushnarao Burde
Published: February 2025

The belief in a divine being, or God, has been a significant aspect of human life and has been the subject of intrigue in the field of socio-psychology. This research paper aims to explore the reasons behind the widespread belief in God among humans. The paper delves into the origins of this belief and how it has been shaped through social processes. As social creatures, humans have not only sought basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing but have also developed other needs through socialization. To address these questions, the researcher has developed the "beg, blame, and bear" theory, which is supported by previous research findings. Furthermore, the paper discusses the functions of religion and God, although they are often considered two sides of the same coin, their roles are distinct.
Digital Transformation and Consumer Behavior – The AI Influence
Authors: - Shreya Gupta
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of digital transformation, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), has fundamentally reshaped consumer behavior and business strategies. AI-powered technologies such as predictive analytics, personalized advertising, and automation have revolutionized how consumers interact with brands, make purchasing decisions, and engage in digital marketplaces. This research explores the impact of AI-driven digital transformation on consumer behavior, analyzing key AI-powered tools, targeted advertising, predictive analytics, and their applications in various industries. The study also examines ethical concerns, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and consumer autonomy, highlighting the importance of responsible AI adoption. Through an extensive review of existing literature, case studies, and industry trends, this paper provides insights into the implications of AI on businesses, consumers, and policymakers. The research concludes with recommendations for sustainable AI implementation and areas for future investigation, particularly in emerging markets and long-term consumer trust dynamics.
The Issues and Challenges of Iron sheets Manufactures in Inbound Logistics
Authors: - Mullapudi Neelesh , - T. Siva Ram Chowdary , - K. Likitha Sai , - Pravallika Reddy , - Udaya Shankar
Published: February 2025

Inbound logistics for iron sheets presents several challenges that impact efficiency, cost, and supply chain management. Key issues include transportation delays due to the bulky and heavy nature of iron sheets, which require specialized handling and storage. Poor infrastructure, such as inadequate warehousing and road conditions, further complicates the supply chain. Additionally, fluctuations in raw material prices and supply disruptions affect procurement planning. Quality control is another major concern, as improper handling during transit can lead to damage, increasing costs and reducing customer satisfaction. Addressing these challenges requires improved logistics planning, better supplier coordination, and investment in modern transportation and storage solutions.
Mental Health as a constituent of Human Rights: A study from the perspective of Healthcare Sector
Authors: - Dr. Pramit Das , - Miss. Subhasree Ray
Published: February 2025

Distress mental condition is defined as a detrimental human response that people generate due to unwanted pressures and complex situations at work place. Distress mental condition is a worldwide phenomenon and it is a common effect among various professions, and also considered as a major job-related health problem in the healthcare industry. From the "Dharmasastras" and the "Arthasastras" to the Buddhist and Jain doctrines the concept of human right was prevailing in the Indian social ecosystem through the ages. The contemporary form of human rights social philosophy has predominantly taken shape in India and co-existing with the growth of economy. Stress is multifaceted in nature resultant to interpersonal problems and depression. Occupational stress has been reported as an effect to productivity within the organizations, especially it is high among healthcare employees. Hence, the present study analyses the nature of the stress and its impact on individual and healthcare industry and whether resulted out of human rights violations. The study also tries to seek out innovative strategies to manage stress in the healthcare industry.
Occupational Stress and Organizational Climate as determinants of Quality of Work Life among Correction Officers in Davao Penal farm
Authors: - John Robert D. Parcon , - Nestor C. Nabe
Published: February 2025

This study sought to identify the model that best describes correctional officers' quality of work life in connection to organizational climate and occupational stress on penitentiary institution. The study was carried out utilizing a descriptive-correlational methodology and a quantitative non-experimental research design. Statistical methods such as regression, mean, and Pearson r were employed to examine the data that was gathered. The researcher updated and standardized questionnaires to assess the quality of work life, organizational climate, and occupational stress. The study included three hundred (300) correctional officers from a penitentiary institution who were chosen using a stratified selection approach. The findings revealed extremely high levels of organizational climate, occupational stress, and the quality of work life. Additionally, it was shown that organizational climate, quality of work life, and occupational stress are all correlated. Additionally, a link between organizational climate, quality of work life, and occupational stress was discovered. Indicators of organizational environment and occupational stress have an independent impact on quality of work life. It was found that organizational climate is the best indicator of quality of work life.
Association of Body Mass Index with Dietary habits of Employees in educational sector of North Gujarat
Authors: - Nirali Shekhawat
Published: February 2025

Obesity is a chronic condition that affects practically all of the body's organs and tissues and is linked to an elevated mortality rate. An excessive amount of subcutaneous fat in comparison to lean body weight is what defines it. Adipose tissue cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia are linked to excessive fat accumulation. Definition of obesity can be understood through numerous means, which include body mass index, distribution of subcutaneous fat, waist to hip ratio, and societal and aesthetic standards. A person is deemed obese if their body mass index, which is determined by dividing their weight in kilograms by their height in meter squared, is greater than or equal to 30, and overweight if it is between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2. According to epidemiologic data, obesity and overweight are becoming more common. Cross-sectional surveys of 135 employees (59.25% male and 40.74% female) were selected by convenient sampling method of educational sector of north Gujarat. Employees were required to complete a self-administered questionnaire related to individual’s food and exercise habits. They were also measured for height, weight, and body mass index. The body mass index was used to evaluate the weight status of the workforce. Analysis was undertaken through SPSS (version 16.0) programme to categorize eating habits and determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among employees.
Role of AI and Nanotechnology in USG-Guided TAP Blocks and Pain Management:
Authors: - Mamta Sannurkar , - Satish Gaikwad
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for effective pain management techniques in clinical practice has led to the exploration of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Nanotechnology. Pain management, particularly postoperative pain management, is a critical aspect of patient care in surgery and various medical procedures. Among various regional anesthesia techniques, the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block well-established regional anesthesia technique used for managing abdominal pain and is a key method for perioperative analgesia, particularly in abdominal surgeries. Ultrasound guidance (USG) has revolutionized this approach by providing real-time visualization, enhancing the accuracy of needle placement and reducing complications. With the advent of Ultrasound-Guided (USG) TAP blocks, the precision and success of this technique have dramatically improved. Despite its effectiveness, the TAP block still has room for improvement in terms of efficacy, precision, and patient safety. Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Nanotechnology offer promising solutions to optimize the TAP block's performance. AI can enhance decision-making and procedural accuracy, while Nanotechnology can improve the delivery and duration of analgesic agents. The integration of AI and Nanotechnology has revolutionized TAP block procedures, optimizing both the performance and outcomes. AI algorithms assist in real-time imaging and needle guidance, while Nanotechnology offers the potential for controlled drug release, reducing side effects and improving analgesia duration. This paper aims to review the integration of AI and Nanotechnology into USG-guided TAP blocks, their clinical impact, and their potential for revolutionizing pain management in the future.
Effect of Yoga on Personality Traits: A Psychological Study of Urban Students at Tilkamanjhi Bhagalpur University
Authors: - Rameshwari Jha , - Rajesh Kumar Tiwari
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study explores the impact of yoga on the personality traits of urban students at Tilkamanjhi Bhagalpur University. Using a psychological framework, the research examines how regular yoga practice influences dimensions such as emotional stability, self-confidence, stress management, and overall personality growth. A sample of university students participated in a structured yoga program, and their personality traits were assessed before and after the intervention using standardized psychological tools. Results indicate a significant positive impact of yoga on personality traits, emphasizing its role in enhancing mental well-being and personal development. The findings suggest the integration of yoga into academic curricula to promote holistic student growth.
Keywords
Assessing the Effects of Black Coffee Twig Borer on Coffee Productivity in Kamwenge District. A Case Study of Busiriba Sub-County
Authors: - Kambasu Julius , - Tumwebaze Mathias , - Semakula Edward
Published: February 2025

This study aimed at assessing the effect of black coffee twig borer on coffee productivity in Kamwenge district in order to get a clear view of the damage caused by the pest such that appropriate measures of controlling it can be found. The objectives of the study were: to determine farmers’ knowledge on the signs and symptoms of black coffee twig borer on coffee; establish the damage caused by black coffee twig borer on coffee productivity; and establish the available measures used by farmers to control the black coffee twig borer in the district. A cross–sectional study design that employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques was used to investigate the effect of black coffee twig borer on coffee productivity. The study targeted coffee farmers, agriculture extension workers and local councils within the two parishes of Kahondo and Bigodi. The study used a sample size of 137 respondents where, 130 coffee farmers were selected systematically from lists of coffee farmers, and 4 extension workers, and 3 LC chair persons were purposively selected. The findings showed that, farmers were moderately knowledgeable on the signs and symptoms of the BCTB pest as they mentioned, drying of twigs this was by 34%, 24% that the twig & leaves above entry point of pest turn yellow, and18% that a needle sized hole at the entry of the pest. However, farmers’ knowledge on the death of the plant by BCTB is very low since it was mentioned by 1.5 percent. The effects of pest attack on coffee productivity among others were reduced yields supported 30.7% and reduced house hold incomes by 25.5%. Farmers have controlled the pest by spraying with systemic pesticides confessed by 29.9%, cutting and burning infected twigs by 21.2% and daily field inspection by 16.1%. The study recommended that, the ministry of agriculture should intensify farmer trainings about this pest to capacitate coffee farmers to fight off this pest before the whole industry succumbs to it. Farmers should also employ best agronomic practices in order to fight this pest.
Red Mars - Green Mars? Technologies for Transforming Mars into a Habitable World
Authors: - Ean Kotadia
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the strategies for terraforming and colonizing Mars, focusing on key aspects such as food production, habitat construction, radiation protection, atmospheric modification, and energy generation. It examines how NASA’s Veggie and Advanced Plant Habitat systems, originally designed for microgravity environments on the ISS, can be adapted for Martian agriculture. Additionally, it highlights the potential of 3D-printed habitats like MARSHA, which utilize sustainable materials such as basalt regolith and PLA plastic, to provide efficient, protective living spaces on Mars. Radiation protection is addressed through the concept of an artificial magnetosphere positioned at the L1 Lagrange Point, offering a shield against harmful solar winds and cosmic rays. Atmospheric modification techniques, such as thermolysis, are proposed to thicken Mars' atmosphere, increase temperatures, and support plant growth. The use of nuclear reactors powered by Uranium-235 (U-235) is also discussed as a reliable, long-term energy source for supporting life support systems and agricultural operations. Finally, the introduction of phytoplankton and resilient plant species is considered as a means to produce oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide, and further enhance the Martian atmosphere, contributing to the creation of a sustainable ecosystem for future colonization.
A Comparative Study Of The Extent Of Life Skills Among Tribal And Non Tribal Girls Of Senior Secondary Level In Relation To Their Academic Stream
Authors: - Hema Samant , - Chandrawati Joshi
Published: February 2025

It is important to teach life skill that helps to develop psychosocial competence and empower young people to have control over what they do. The adolescence of today face many more choices and demands than ever before. Dealing with academic competition, handling family responsibilities, transcending daily life conflicts, dealing with peer pressure, preparing for future roles, making crucial career choices on the one hand provide them with greater independence but on the other hand can also lead to greater conflict and frustration, thus affecting their psychosocial well-being. As a result, one of the necessary talents for students in the twenty-first century is life skills. Individuals with these skills can become more self-directed, autonomous learners who can adapt to change, manage projects, take ownership of their work, lead others and produce positive outcomes. This paper is intended to study the extent of life skills and to compare tribal and non-tribal senior secondary level girls and their degree with Academic Stream.
Challenges Faced by Garment Exporters of Tirupur in the Digitalization of ICDs and CFS
Authors: - Sankarprabhu C , - G Chandrasekaran
Published: February 2025

Tirupur, widely recognized as the "Knitwear Capital of India," plays a pivotal role in India’s garment export industry, contributing significantly to the country's foreign trade revenue. The city’s export sector heavily depends on efficient logistics and supply chain management, where Inland Container Depots (ICDs) and Container Freight Stations (CFSs) serve as critical nodes in facilitating international trade. The digitalization of these logistics hubs offers a transformative opportunity to enhance trade efficiency, streamline operations, reduce transaction costs, and improve real-time cargo tracking. By integrating advanced technologies such as automated documentation, digital customs clearance, and blockchain-based trade platforms, exporters can achieve greater transparency, security, and compliance with global trade regulations.
Despite these advantages, garment exporters in Tirupur encounter several barriers to adopting digital solutions. Key challenges include technological infrastructure limitations, such as inadequate access to high-speed internet and the lack of sophisticated IT systems; regulatory complexities, stemming from frequently changing compliance requirements and the need for integration with national and international trade platforms; financial constraints, as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) struggle with the high initial costs of digital implementation and limited access to financial support; operational inefficiencies, arising from resistance to change, lack of skilled personnel, and dependence on manual processes; and cybersecurity risks, which pose threats to data integrity, privacy, and fraud prevention.
This study provides an in-depth analysis of these challenges and explores possible solutions to facilitate the seamless digital transformation of Tirupur’s export ecosystem. It examines strategies such as strengthening digital infrastructure through public-private partnerships, offering financial incentives to exporters, simplifying regulatory procedures for easier compliance, enhancing workforce training in digital logistics, and implementing robust cybersecurity frameworks. By addressing these issues, the study aims to offer actionable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and exporters, ultimately fostering a more efficient, competitive, and technology-driven export environment in Tirupur.
Could Indian Farmers Set Prices for Their Output in a Developed 2047? A Special Focus on Soybean Cultivation
Authors: - Rohit Kashinath Pithale
Published: February 2025

This research paper explores the potential for Indian farmers to set prices for their agricultural output, particularly focusing on soybean cultivation, in the context of India’s economic development by 2047. It delves into the challenges and opportunities faced by Indian farmers in a rapidly changing market, the role of government policy, technological advancements, and infrastructure development. By considering the evolution of the agricultural sector, including both domestic and global market dynamics, this paper aims to evaluate how Indian farmers—especially soybean growers—might transition from being price takers to price setters in an increasingly developed economy.
Periodontal Charting: Track Your Progress for Healthy Smiles
Authors: - Dr. Subharchana Das , - Dr. Rinkee Mohanty , - Dr. Tejas Pande , - Dr. Saisree Lanka , - Dr. Archana Patnaik
Published: February 2025

Periodontal charting is a crucial diagnostic and monitoring tool in periodontology, aiding in the assessment of periodontal health and disease progression. This document explores the significance of periodontal charting, detailing the information recorded, including probing depths, clinical attachment levels, bleeding on probing, mobility, and implant placement. The evolution from manual to electronic charting has improved accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes. Recent technological advancements, such as 3D visualization, QR code integration, and direct data storage, have further enhanced periodontal assessments. These innovations enable more precise tracking of periodontal disease and treatment effectiveness, facilitating improved patient care and clinical outcomes.
Investigating Metal Oxide - Catalysed Thermal Reaction for Prebiotic Peptides Synthesis: A Comparative Study
Authors: - Hemlata Bhatt , - Chandra Kala Pant
Published: February 2025

We conducted an experimental study on the spontaneous formation of peptides from two parallel reactions gly-asp acid/val mixtures in aqueous media and in the presence and absence of metal oxide catalysts, specifically alumina and silica, at 85 ± 5°C under simulated early Earth drying-wetting cycles. Analytical techniques revealed the synthesis of homogeneous and heterogeneous peptides, including cyclic glycine structures, resulting from intra- and intermolecular condensation reactions. Peptide yield was influenced by thermal treatment duration and, to a lesser extent, the presence of metal oxide catalysts.
Notably, the gly-val system preferred to form glycine homo-oligomers up to tetrameric levels and heteropeptides including diketopiperazine. Conversely, the gly-asp acid system displayed limited oligomerization, reaching only trimeric levels, and yielded glycyl-aspartic acid. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential mechanisms underlying protein evolution on primitive Earth.
उच्चतर माध्यमिक स्तर में अध्ययनरत अनुसूचित जाति के विद्यार्थियों की शैक्षिक उपलब्धि का उनके उपलब्धि अभिप्रेरणा के सन्दर्भ में अध्ययन
Authors: - Kiran Arya , - Renu Rawat
Published: February 2025

छात्र एवं छात्राओं की उपलब्धि अभिप्रेरणा में सार्थक अंतर पाया गया है। विभिन्न अभिप्रेरणा स्तर के विध्यार्थियों की शैक्षिक उपलब्धि स्तर में अंतर सार्थक पाया गया है। आश्रित चर शैक्षिक उपलब्धि एवं स्वतंत्र चर उपलब्धि अभिप्रेरणा के मध्य सामान्य कोटि का धनात्मक सार्थक सहसंबंध पाया गया है जिससे स्पष्ट है कि उपलब्धि अभिप्रेरणा का शैक्षिक उपलब्धि पर सकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ता है।
The Ethics and Values in A Christmas Carol for Gen-Z
Authors: - Dr. Vaishnavi Pokuri , - Charan Srinivas
Published: February 2025

Charles Dickens is one of the greatest novelists of his era as his works, echo the socio-political and economic scenario of his times, that witnessed Industrial Revolution, child labor, hazardous factory life, to name a few. His complex and vivid storytelling has left a significant and remarkable mark on literature. Some of his works include A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Bleak House, A Tale of Two Cities, and Our Mutual Friend. The novel A Christmas Carol deals with amelioration of Ebenezer Scrooge, a cold-hearted businessman into a man of values with the help of three phantoms during Christmas by taking him on a roller coaster ride of his past and his future if he were to change over a new leaf. The novella is didactic exhibiting valuable lessons for Gen-Z, walloped in technology and moving far from family and value systems.
An Experimental Study of the Effect of Heat Treatment using Water and Air on the Hardness of Carbon Steel
Authors: - Asaad Ramadan Ali Mezda , - Abdu Esslam Soliman Abduesslam Omar , - Farhat Eljelane Abubaker
Published: February 2025

Heat treatment processes are widely used in manufacturing to achieve high levels of improving the mechanical properties of metal materials, including hardening, which is multiple stages starting from high hardening of the metal until it is almost brittle and even soft, it is also used in annealing metals that industrial processes have hardened to adapt the metals to the purposes used for them in various industries. In this paper, practical experiments, such as heat treatment, are conducted on five samples of carbon steel, as it is one of the important materials in many industries. This experiment aims to demonstrate the extent of the effect of cooling media on the microstructure and the hardness that these samples reached after the operations performed on them. These samples were exposed to a temperature of 850°C in an electric furnace, then cooled in air, and also cooled in water. After cooling in water, they were exposed to different temperatures, which are 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C, then polished in several stages after that, then washed with acetone. Then they were exposed under an electron microscope to show the change that occurred in the microstructure of these samples. Then Vickers Hardness Test was conducted to show the hardness of these samples. The results showed that the samples that were immersed in water had a much higher hardness than those that were left to cool in the air, and the samples that were heated in the second stage from 200°C to 600°C had a lower hardness and increased plasticity of the metal as the temperature increased.
Food Adulteration In India : Legal Provisions And Judicial Trends
Authors: - Rashmita Bishi , - Anil Kumar Tandi
Published: February 2025

Food is necessary for the survival of human body. Adulteration or contamination of natural food product is one of the major challenges in today’s society. Food Adulteration leads to several health issues including certain nutrition deficiency diseases, kidney disorder and failure of an individual organ including heart, kidney, liver etc. The Supreme Court held that any food article which is hazardous or injurious to public health is a potential danger to the fundamental rights to life guaranteed under article-21 of the Constitution of India. Article 47 of the Constitution of India provides that the state shall regard the rising of the level of the nutrition and the standard of living of the people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties. The Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006 has been enacted with the intention of
eradicating the evil of manufacture, distribution and sale of adulterated article of foods which is a menace to the public health. Therefore the authorities have a duty to protect interest of citizens from the potential danger of contaminated or adulterated food article or substances.
Impact of Visualization Technique on Cortisol Levels in National Level Table Tennis Players
Authors: - Pallabi Parasar , - Shailesh Kumar Singh
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of visualization techniques in reducing stress levels among National-Level male Table Tennis players. The sample consisted of 20 players, evenly divided into an experimental group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). Over a twelve-week period, the experimental group engaged in visualization training three days per week, while the control group received no such intervention. Stress levels were assessed through serum cortisol measurements taken before and after the intervention. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to compare post-intervention cortisol levels between the two groups, with pre-test cortisol levels included as a covariate to control for baseline differences. The results demonstrated that visualization training significantly reduced cortisol levels in the experimental group compared to the control group, indicating that visualization can be an effective technique for stress regulation in high-performance athletes. These findings suggest that incorporating visualization practices into athletic training regimens could enhance athletes' stress management and overall performance.
The Final Equation of Light Speed
Authors: - Kuldeep singh meel
Published: February 2025

According to this theory, the speed of light remains constant because photons are pulled by a universal, invariant force of attraction. This theory is entirely based on physical principles and does not require any additional hypotheses to explain why light always moves at a fixed speed.

To validate this theory, mathematical equations, physical laws, and experimental verification have been considered.
Educational Attainment of Youth in India: A Review
Authors: - Anwar Ahmad Ansari
Published: February 2025

Youth is the most significant population sub-group in driving any nation's social, economic, political, spiritual and other aspects. This youth cluster is cultivated through education: since the age group is intermediate, the education here tilts towards higher education. Unfortunately, much has been talked about in education in terms of plans and policies, yet this keyword (youth) has always been viewed under the ‘literacy’ umbrella of children only. This paper discusses the philosophical attributes and definitions of youth and their educational attainment. Another goal is to examine the current status, pattern and trends of improvement in youth education to determine the factors that account for the annual rate of increase in educational indicators. The literacy rate, percentage of the population with higher education, and the average years of schooling are all used to measure educational achievements. Datasets from various reliable sources and reports have also been used.
Unmasking Adulterants in Opioids: Toxicity Profiles, Review of Detection Methods, and Public Health Responses
Authors: - Deeksha Moolya , - Santosh Lohakare
Published: February 2025

The adulteration of opioids presents a significant public health and forensic challenge This study has been undertaken to investigate the fatal adulterants present in illicit opioids. To review different analytical techniques and public health responses for the emerging novel synthetic opioids (NSO). The paper also focuses on the research gaps in the current scenario in screening and analyzing of various synthetic analogs.
Polluted water bodies: A Breeding Ground for Culicine Mosquito
Authors: - Dr. Jyoti Uikey
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Water pollution is a major problem because it encourages the growth of Culicine mosquitoes, which spread illnesses including dengue, chikungunya, and filariasis. Mosquitoes like these flourish in dirty, standing water, which is common in both rural and urban regions with poor drainage and sanitation. Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and inappropriate waste disposal are some of the causes that contribute to water pollution, which in turn encourages the reproduction of Culicine mosquitoes. This link is examined in this review study. In order to address both water contamination and mosquito-borne illnesses, this analysis stresses the need of community engagement, stronger environmental regulations, and sustainable urban development. To address this pressing public health issue, it suggests that academics and policymakers work together to enhance water quality and health outcomes.
Exploring brief illness experiences among Breast Cancer Survivors - A Qualitative Phenomenological study
Authors: - Muthupetchi Ramachandran , - Shankar Shanmugam Rajendran , - Vanitha Narayanasamy Naidu , - Anitha Parasuraman , - Gnana Malar periyakaruppan
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with improved survival rates due to advancements in detection and treatment. Survivors, however, face ongoing physical, psychological, social, and financial challenges that significantly impact their quality of life. The role of nursing in supporting these survivors is crucial yet understudied in the Indian context.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the illness experiences of breast cancer survivors to understand their challenges and coping mechanisms.
Materials and Methods: Qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, focusing on five breast cancer survivors from Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. Participants were purposively sampled and interviewed using unstructured interviews. Data were collected over four weeks and analysed using thematic content analysis in NVIVO, ensuring credibility through member checking, prolonged engagement, and triangulation.
Results: The study identified significant physical challenges, including pain, hair loss, and vomiting, alongside psychological impacts such as anxiety, fear, and hopelessness. Family and peer support were vital but varied in effectiveness. Participants emphasized the importance of holistic care addressing both physical and psychological needs.
Conclusion: Nurses play a pivotal role in addressing the complex challenges faced by breast cancer survivors. Specialised training, improved survivorship care plans, and multidisciplinary approaches are essential to enhance the quality of life for this vulnerable population.
Identifying Threats in Android: Detection Techniques for Malicious Accessibility Service Exploits
Authors: - Jeffrie Joshua Lazarus George
Published: February 2025

Mobile malware targeting Android devices has expanded at a tremendous rate and poses several new challenges to Android cybersecurity researchers and developers. Of these threats, Android’s Accessibility Service has become an increasingly prevalent one where a malicious application can take control of user interaction, steal sensitive information, or bypass security measures. Accessibility Service was created to help users with disabilities, however, these days its code is violated by Trojan bankers, spyware, and ransomware to make unauthorized transactions, steal credentials, and make modifications to data. Cybercriminals who target Android keep on improving their techniques and moving faster than security frameworks improved even though we are trying hard to strengthen their security frameworks.
The detection methodologies discussed in this paper are those concerning Anti Accessibility Service-based malware. In this paper, we present a study based on an analysis of real-world malware families, namely Anubis and TeaBot, that demonstrates several identified indicators of malicious behavior, e.g., suspicious permissions used, events monitored, and overlay attacks. Further, the paper also discusses the ability of static and dynamic analysis techniques to detect threats and class the challenges involved with discriminating legitimate accessibility programs from malware. Concerning future progression, the study also proposes AI-driven detection models and Behavior-based security measures for malware identification and prevention.
By practicing the best practices of permission management, developers can help make Android security stronger, and corresponding users are advised to be vigilant with their security of suspicious applications. Strict app review policies must be implemented by regulatory bodies and cybersecurity firms have to find a way to enhance automated threat detection mechanisms in collaboration. When these strategies are integrated into Android’s environment users are better protected against the evolving threats of malware, also legitimate system features such as Accessibility Service can not be abused.
A Study on Social Intelligence of Pre-service Teachers
Authors: - Dr. Manju N. D
Published: February 2025

Social intelligence acts as a tool in the method of socialisation of the person. It makes a person mature socially. The research study was undertaken to investigate the social intelligence of pre-service teachers. The sample of 100 pre-service teachers (B. Ed Student Teachers) from Shimoga city was selected by adopting Stratified random sampling technique based on the independent variables namely Gender and Stream. Specific objectives formulated were: 1. To assess the level of Social Intelligence among pre-service teachers. 2. To compare the social intelligence among Male and female pre-service teachers. 3. To compare the social intelligence among Arts and Science Stream Pre-Service teachers. Descriptive research methods were used in the study. The data obtained from the survey was analyzed by using Percentage analysis and t-test. Findings of the study were: 1. It was found that majority of teachers that is 64% of pre-service teachers possess average level of Social Intelligence. It is also seen that only 28% possess high level of Social Intelligence and 8% of pre-service teachers possess low level of Social Intelligence. 2. No Significant difference was found between male and female pre-service teachers with respect to their Social Intelligence. 3. No Significant difference was found between Arts and Science Stream pre-service teachers with respect to their Social Intelligence.
Research Trends of Unorganized Sector Workers in India
Authors: - Md Mahasin Ali , - Soumyajit Roy , - Dr. Md. Kutubuddin Halder
Published: February 2025

Labour is the unique factor for the production that is directly related to human effort and their contribution to the individual as well as national economy. In this way, every worker is a creator of their society as well as nation therefore laborers are the great asset to every nation. Vast majority of the unorganized labour or employee are existing in various Indian informal sector who are directly shaping the nation economy. At presents, more than 90 percentage of workforce and about 50 percentage of the national product are accounted by the informal economy. A high proportion of socially and economically underprivileged sections of society are engaged in the unorganized economic activities. Here, the authors have tried to understand this unorganized sector from various perspectives like demographic parameters, legal provisions, evolution since independence, nature of work etc. Lastly some recent researches on this sector are reviewed which are mostly related to their socio-economic conditions, problems faced by women and tribal workers while working etc. but the educational aspects of their families have never been looked into.
Key words: Research Trends, Unorganized Sector, Unorganized Sector Workers.
Genetic Mutations and Strain Dynamics of SARS-CoV-19: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: - Dr. Don J Scott Berin G , - Nisha. R. I
Published: February 2025

Coronaviruses infect humans with varying degrees of severity and lethality. Four of these viruses(NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1) cause mild respiratory problems in humans and three others (MERS CoV, SARS CoV including the newly emerged SARS CoV 2) can cause severe respiratory syndromes. SARS CoV 2 infection was first reported from Wuhan, China, on 24th December 2019 and in less than three months, on 11th March 2020, WHO declared COVID 19 as a pandemic. By 3rd May, 2020, 3.3 million people worldwide (213 countries) were reportedly infected and 2,38,628 individuals died of COVID 19. We note that while the infectivity of SARSCoV 2 is much higher than SARS CoV or MERS CoV , its case fatality rate (0.9 3.3%) is substantially lower than that of SARS CoV (11%) and MERS CoV (34%). For SARS CoV 2, there are notable differences in case fatality rate and disease severity among geographical regions and among age groups of infected persons, with lower severity in infants and children than in adults (1:9). The case fatality rates increased in East Asia(China and neighbourhood) and Middle East (Iran and neighbourhood) have been substantially higher than in Europe (Italy, France and Spain). By March 11, 2020 the corona virus has been changing mutations like A, A2, A2a, B, B1, B1a, B4, B2, A1a, A3, A6, A7, A2a1, A2a1a, A2a2 or A2a2a it was assigned to, based on non-missing sites. The World Health Organization (WHO) made the assessment that COVID 19 should be characterized as a pandemic. At great economic cost, many countries have adopted unprecedented measures to curb the spread of the virus such as large scale use of isolation and quarantine, closing their borders, limits of public gathering and nation wide lockdowns.
Collaborative Development for Migrants: Empowering Rohingya and Bangladeshi Communities in India
Authors: - Chetna singh , - Gajendra kumar , - Dr Vaishali saxena
Published: February 2025

This study explores the development challenges faced by Rohingya and Bangladeshi migrants in India, who are driven by persecution, poverty, and limited opportunities in their home countries. These migrants experience significant socio-economic hardships while living in vulnerable conditions, both in their countries of origin and in India.
The research examines the Collaborative Welfare Model for Immigrants, which includes conducting a detailed census, issuing identity cards, and fostering coordination with the migrants’ home countries to address broader development needs. By prioritizing human dignity over legal status, this model advocates for inclusive policies that involve all relevant stakeholders, government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector to create pathways for migrant integration, economic empowerment, and social cohesion.
Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the study evaluates the impact of current development initiatives and the role of diverse stakeholders in supporting migrant communities. The study concludes with policy recommendations emphasizing the need for targeted programs, legal protections, and international cooperation to ensure sustainable development for migrants and refugees, with equal participation from all sectors to achieve positive outcomes for all parties involved.

Keywords: Persecution, Rohingya, Bangladeshi immigrants, NGOs, Collaborative Welfare Model.
Powdered Vegetable Leaves as a Food Ingredient
Authors: - Chrozel P. Gapuz , - Gina Mae U. Pugong
Published: February 2025

Gapuz, Chrozel P. & Pugong, Gina Mae U. (2022). Powdered vegetable leaves as a food ingredient.
This study determined the level of acceptability, palatability and aesthetic value of powdered vegetable leaves as a food ingredient and determine the significant difference in the acceptability, palatability and aesthetic value of powdered vegetable leaves as a food ingredient and the control group.
The data was taken using a researcher made checklist to the conveniently selected Bachelor Technical Teacher Education (BTTE) students of Ifugao State University, Lagawe Campus.
Descriptive inferential statistics was used to describe the level of acceptability, palatability and aesthetic value of powdered vegetable leaves (camote leaves, ampalaya leaves and kangkong leaves) as a food ingredient. In addition, the mean was computed to determine the level of acceptability, palatability and aesthetic value of the powdered vegetable leaves (camote leaves, ampalaya leaves, and kangkong leaves) as a food ingredient. Moreover, the paired t-test was used to determine significant difference in the acceptability, palatability and aesthetic value of powdered vegetable leaves (camote leaves, ampalaya leaves and kangkong leaves) and the control group.
In the level of acceptability and palatability, powdered ampalaya leaves was very desirable while powdered camote tops was extremely desirable together with the powdered kangkong leaves. In the level of aesthetic value, powdered ampalaya leaves and powdered camote tops were both very desirable while powdered kangkong leaves was extremely desirable. The averaged desirability of each powdered leaves was very desirable for the powdered ampalaya leaves while powdered camote tops and powdered kangkong leaves were very extremely desirable.
In the comparison on the level of acceptability, palatability and aesthetic value of each powdered leaves to the control group, it was concluded that all vegetable leaves were significantly lower than he overall desirability of the control group.
The Impact of Tourism on Dubai’s Economy – Analyzing How Tourism Boosts GDP and Employment
Authors: - Diva Sharma
Published: February 2025

Dubai has become a tourism hub at the global level through its strategic location, world-class infrastructure, and luxury experiences that draw millions of visitors every year. This paper examines the significant role tourism plays in Dubai's economic growth, particularly how it aids in the generation of GDP and employment. By analyzing statistical data and government reports, the study will probe how tourism has become a significant contributor to Dubai's diversified economy by reducing its unholy dependence on oil revenues. The paper will also probe the sustainability of the growth and challenges that the tourism sector faces.
Effectiveness of Azadirachta Indica Mother Tincture in Treatment of Various Skin Diseases
Authors: - Parth Nachiketa Maru , - Vaghela dhruv , - Makadiya Diya , - Malaviya Prerna
Published: February 2025

Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, has been widely used in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The mother tincture of Azadirachta indica, a homeopathic preparation, has gained attention for its potential efficacy in managing various skin diseases, including acne, eczema, psoriasis, and fungal infections. This review explores the effectiveness of Azadirachta indica mother tincture by analyzing existing studies and clinical observations. The phytochemical composition, particularly the presence of nimbidin, azadirachtin, and flavonoids, contributes to its therapeutic benefits. Research suggests that its antibacterial properties help in controlling acne, while its antifungal effects aid in treating conditions like ringworm. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory action provides relief in chronic inflammatory skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis. While anecdotal evidence and preliminary studies support its use, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish standardized dosing and efficacy. This paper highlights the promising role of Azadirachta indica mother tincture in dermatological applications and calls for further research to validate its therapeutic potential.