bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Impacts of Climatic Factors and Economic Variables on Mangrove Ecosystem in Upenekang and Iwuochang, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Okon Edemumo, Friday , Oboho Ita-Ewa , Aniefiok, I. Inyang  , Etim Ini-Ibehe Nabuk , Reuben Ubulom, Simeon
Published: November 2023

The study assessed the impacts of climate change and economic variables on mangrove ecosystem in Upenekang and Iwuochang of Ibeno Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State in a bid to understand the extent at which this ecological zone had contributed to the socio-economic well-being of the rural dwellers as well as its effects on the immediate environment. 200 copies of questionnaires were administered to respondents in the study area who were farmers, fishermen, fish traders, fuel wood dealers, boat builders and many others. Climatic variables like water temperature, salinity, rainfall, air pressure, pH, and tidal elevation were determined across ten sampling points. Questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews were employed for the study in order to test for the hypotheses sets out for the study. The data generated from field study was further processed using chi-square to ascertain whether there is significant effect of rainfall on mangrove productivity using multiple regressions. The results indicated that the computed F value of 0.873 is greater than the significant F value of 0.151 and this indicates that there is a significant effect of rainfall and climate variability on mangrove productivity in the study area. The result produces Pearson Chi-Square value of 275.673a, degree of freedom (df) of 24 and a P-value (2-sided) of 0.000 indicating that there is significant impact of mangrove on economic development in the study area.
Isolation and Identification of Bacterial and Fungal Edophytes from Leaves and Stems of H. rosa-sinensis and Production of Secondary Metabolites from Isolated Endophytes
Authors: Juyal Preeti , Jabi Shahana , Kumar Ravindra , Thapa Megha , Bijalwanb Aakansha , Rawat Aachal , Rudiyal Upasana , Gaurav Naveen
Published: November 2023

Endophytes were first reported by the Freeman (1904) from dunel grass. 3,00,000 plant species known which exist on earth, all are host to one or more endophytes [1]. Endophytes are found in roots, leaves, stems, fruits, tubers, ovules etc.  (Hallmann et al., 1997; Sturzet al., 1997: Hurek et al., 2002, Benhizia et al., 2004; Iniguez et al., 2004). Many different types of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids are produced by endophytic fungi and these metabolites of endophytic fungi have antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant potential. The root of the Hibiscus rosa is used for cough treatment. The leaves of the H. rosa are used as a laxative and flowers has anti – diarrhea properties and are considered as demulcent, emollient, refrigerant, aphrodisiac and emmenagogue.  The high level of antioxidants in H. rosa sinensis can slow down the aging process by eliminating the free radicals and neutralizing their harmful effects on the cells of human body. Hibiscus flowers are used as a remedy for relieving respiratory problem and to improve the health of respiratory system.

This work reveals that the endophytic bacteria and fungi were isolated from healthy leaves and stem of medicinal plant, H. rosa-sinensis which were first sterilized in 70% ethanol. The bacterial endophytes were isolated on Nutrient Agar Medium and fungal endophytes were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar Medium. Colonies showing similar morphology on one plate were considered as single colony and so the frequency of each colony is calculated and isolated in pure form. By pure culture isolation technique, 4 different isolates of bacterial endophytes and 2 different isolates of fungal endophytes from stem of H. rosa-sinensis and 3 different isolates of fungal endophytes from leaves of H. rosa-sinensis were obtained. Bacterial endophytes were identified on the basis of Gram Stain and biochemical characterization whereas the identification of fungal endophytes was carried out at Plant Pathology Department of Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun. The secondary metabolites were isolated from isolated bacterial and fungal endophytes by using two different solvents (Ethyl acetate, chloroform) in the ratio 1:1 left for 15 minutes, the organic phase were collected and kept for drying at 37C. The antimicrobial activities were done against human pathogen (Stayphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia) by using Disc diffusion method of isolated secondary metabolites.
Macro Invertebrate Diversity in Different Land Use System and Soil Fertility Status in Relation to Macro Invertebrate Distribution in Shashogo District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Misebo Tsegaye Dobamo , Wanore Denebo Sebaro , Gemeda Abera Fikre
Published: November 2023

Invertebrate species are predominant in the food webs and among the ecosystem engineers associated with agriculture. They have a major influence on productivity and therefore play a key role in food security. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the ecological role of soil macro invertebrate diversity for maintenance of soil fertility in Shashogo District, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia. Both field and laboratory work were applied during investigation of the study. Invertebrate’s diversity was identified and   Soil samples were collected from different sites and evaluated for soil fertility status. The physico-chemical analysis; organic carbon content, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available K, soil pH, soil texture, sodium etc… was analyzed. The main soil macro invertebrates identified were Termites ( order Isoptera), Beetles (order Coleoptera), Wasps (Hymenoptera), Millipedes (order diplopoid), Centipedes (chilopoda), Ants (Hymenoptera) and Earthworm (order Opisthopora). The average selected chemical properties of the soil were Soil PH (5.60), Total Nitrogen (0.23), and Organic carbon (2.44), Phosphorus (2.63), Calcium (22.73), Potassium (0.376) and Sodium (0.096).  There is significant association between soil macro invertebrate groups and selected soil physical and chemical properties. To conserve soil resources, it needs highest attention of policy makers as well as land use planners to concentrate their efforts on land management strategies based on land use system.
Selection of castor germplasm for drought tolerance
Authors: P LAKSHMAMMA  , A VISHNUVARDHAN REDDY  , LAKSHMI PRAYAGA
Published: November 2023

Nine germplasm lines selected for root traits (volume, dry weight) along with checks were screened for droughttolerance in field by imposing drought stress from 30-90 DAS. Genotypes RG 373 and RG 1582 recorded >50g/pl.seed yield with <30% reduction in seed yield under drought stress along with low (<1.0) drought susceptibility index (DSI). These selected germplasm lines can be used in breeding for rainfed conditions.
Influence of different levels of waxy bloom intensity on gray mold disease severity in castor
Authors: P AYESHA PARVEEN  , R D PRASAD  , S SENTHILVEL  , J V RAMANA  , V DINESH KUMAR  , M LAL AHMED
Published: November 2023

It is assumed that the presence of wax on castor predispose the crop to gray mold infection in contrary to other plant-pathogen systems, where wax acts as a protective barrier. However, there is no scientific evidence to implicate it in aiding disease development, field observations and screening of 26 genotypes with different wax levels under controlled conditions in glass house and poly house showed that genotypes with high wax intensities showed higher disease severity (~60-80%) compared to low or no wax genotypes (~1-15%) indicating the role of wax in susceptibility of castor to gray mold.
Evaluation and characterization of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm lines
Authors: E UMARANI  , A SARITHA  , A V RAMANJANEYULU
Published: November 2023

Evaluation and characterization of sunflower germplasm lines is important due to increasing needs of varietalimprovement and it is essential for the gene bank management to avoid duplications. In the present investigation, 67 germplasm lines including B, R lines and inbreds were evaluated and characterized by using six yield and yield contributing traits. Frequency distribution under each group was calculated. Five parameters viz., days to 50% flowering (early-50.56 % and medium-49.44%), days to maturity (early-46.07% and medium-53.93%), head diameter (small-59.55% and medium-40.45%), 100-seed weight (low-11.24% and medium-88.76%) and single plant yield (low1.12% and medium-98.88%) were dimorphic. Whereas, plant height showed five states of expression namely very short (19.10%), short (55.06%), medium (19.10%), tall (4.49%) and very tall (2.25%). Two genotypes namely, CMS104B and HA-291B were found promising for head diameter and HA-2023B for seed yield/plant. Further, based on the objective the genotypes from the different groups will be used in breedingprogramme.
Assessment of genetic purity of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids using sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers
Authors: S ANUSHA  , W DHAMMAPRAKASH  , K N YAMINI  , C H ANIL KUMAR  , V DINESH KUMAR
Published: November 2023

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique is easier to identify true hybrids. However, it hasinherent disadvantage of less reproducibility and that can be overcome by conversion of RAPD markers into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. In the present investigation, RAPD analysis was carried out with the two hybrids, KBSH 41 and KBSH 42 along with their parents, polymorphic markers were identified and those markers were converted into SCAR markers. These markers would be of immense potential during routine genetic purity assessment of the two sunflower hybrids.
Studies on capsule shattering character in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: M MOHAMMED IMRAN  , MANASI DASH  , P MANJUNATH  , M SURYA PRAKASHREDDY
Published: November 2023

Thirty five Indian sesame genotypes were evaluated for their genetic diversity for seed yield and yield attributingcharacters as well as capsule shattering characters. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all twenty characters. High magnitude of PCV and GCV was recorded for capsule split and opening before drying. Further, potential seed weight has the highest contribution to total divergence followed by capsule split before drying, retained seed weight, unattached seed weight and seed weight/capsule indicating their importance in the choice of parents for developing semi shattering genotypes.
Genetic variability in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: PATEL ANKIT  , C J PATEL  , D K PATEL
Published: November 2023

A set of 60 castor genotypes was evaluated for assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advancepercent mean with respect to nine characters. The GCV and PCV were the highest for number of capsules on primary raceme followed by seed yield per plant, number of branches per plant and plant height. High genetic variability coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance was recorded for all the traits except days to flowering, days to maturity, number of nodes/plant, and oil content (%) indicating that direct selection for these traits could be effective.
Biofortification of linseed as functional food for profitability and nutritional security
Authors: SUMA MOGALI  , LALITA JAGGAL  , O SRIDEVI
Published: November 2023

Fish oil is the traditional source of dietary omega-3 fatty acids, while flaxseed oil can be used as a vegetariansource of dietary omega-3 fatty acids. The flaxseed hull is a concentrated source of lignan, which might possessimpressive cancer preventive properties, especially against breast and colon cancer. In functional foods arena, flaxseed has resurged as a potential ingredient with a vast array of medical benefits. Flaxseed supplemented food products are gaining popularity because of its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, soluble fiber and phytochemicals. This paper describes about the development of biofortified linseed genotypes with enhanced alpha - linolenic acid (ALA), and lignan, predominantly the secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG).
Heterosis for seed yield in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: A DISOWJA  , C PARAMESWARI  , R P GNANAMALAR  , S VELLAIKUMAR
Published: November 2023

Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops grown in tropical regions like Africa and India. In this study aline × tester analysis was conducted using four lines and six testers to identify the best heterotic combination for seed yield. Among 24 cross combinations studied, TMV 7 × RT 127 showed the highest positive significant heterosis for seed yield, 1000 seed weight and total number of capsules.
Combining ability analysis for yield and its components in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: B P AILWAR  , M K GHODKE  , K W KAMBLE  , M V DHUPPE
Published: November 2023

The present experiment involved four CMS line and six tester crossed in a line x tester fashion to estimate thecombining ability for seed yield and yield contributing traits in sunflower. The resulting 24 hybrids were evaluated in two replications of RBD design. CMS-234A and CMS-243A exhibited good GCA for day to 50% flowering, hull content and oil content. From testers, EC-601951R and 99RT were with GCA effect for 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, hull content, head diameter, 100 seed weight, seed yield/plant. Cross combinations, CMS- 243A x 99RT and CMS-17A x EC-279309 recorded good SCA effect for maturity, oil content and seed yield. Good SCA for seed filling and seed yield/plant was reported in PET-89-1A x RHA-1-1 combination.
Genotype × environment interaction studies in summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: N D SARODE  , V L AMOLIC
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was carried out at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Groundnut, Cotton Project,MPKV, Rahuri during summer 2016, with ten groundnut genotypes. The present study indicated that sowing ofgroundnut varieties on the date E2 (15th February) was most favorable for expression of yield and yield contributing traits. It is concluded that groundnut genotypes Phule Unnati, SB-XI, Phule-6021, Phule Bharati, TAG-24 and JL- 501 from average yield group were observed to be stable for yield and yield contributing characters.
GJG 32 High oil and high yielding Spanish bunch groundnut variety for Gujarat
Authors: K L DOBARIYA  , N D DHOLARIYA
Published: November 2023

A Spanish bunch groundnut variety GJG 32 was evaluated in twenty locations over five years during rainfedkharif seasons of 2011 to 2016. This variety recorded an overall mean pod yield of 3392 kg/ha, which was higher than the check varieties viz., GG 7 (2766 kg/ha), GJG 9 (2765 kg/ha), and TG 37A (2816 kg/ha). The variety GJG 32exhibited 22.61%, 22.64%, and 15.38% increase in pod yield over the check varieties viz., GG 7, GJG 9, and TG 37A,respectively. The kernel yield (2324 kg/ha) of GJG 32 over the check varieties viz., GG 7 (1932 kg/ha), GJG 9 (1983kg/ha) and TG 37A (1990 kg/ha) was better and higher by 16.86% (GG 7), 14.67% (GJG 9) and 14.37% (TG 37A)over the checks respectively. GJG 32 recorded a mean 100-kernel weight of 35.9g, shelling out-turns of 68.5% and oil content 53.9%. This variety was resistant to tikka and rust diseases as compared to the check varieties whereas; it showed comparable reactions against major diseases. Due to its consistent superior performance over locations and years, GJG 32 has been proposed for release for general cultivation in the rainfed kharif groundnut growing areas Gujarat state.
Performance of newly developed sunflower inbred lines for yield and yield contributing traits under rainfed condition
Authors: D MOHAN VAMSI  , G SANDHYASREE  , H P MEENA  , S K PAYASI  , A VISHNUVARDHAN REDDY
Published: November 2023

The present investigation was carried out at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad. The materialconsisted of 25 newly developed mono and multi headed restorer lines. The data for agronomic and yield traits was recorded. The genotypes, COSF-6B, COSF-7B, RGP-11-P1-S2, RGP-58-P4-S1-1 and RGP-46-P3 were identified as the most important genotypes for different traits and should be utilized in hybridization program to realize high heterosis for yield and yield contributing traits.
Evaluation of different mustard varieties under northern Telangana zone
Authors: P MADHUKAR RAO  , D PADMAJA  , P MADHUKAR  , R UMA REDDY
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted to identify suitable variety among 6 mustard varieties (NRCHB 101,RH 406, DRMRIJ 31, NRCDR 2, Black gold and Local variety ) in terms of growth characteristics, yield and itsattributing components in a randomized block design (RBD) at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS),Jagtial, during rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. The result of the experiment revealed that among six varieties Black gold variety (1474 kg/ha) recorded significantly superior yield over other varieties and it was on par with NRCHB 101 (1369 kg/ha).
Yield and economics of soybean based cropping systems as influenced by different cropping systems, crop establishment method and residue management practices
Authors: R K VERMA  , M RAGHAVENDRA  , S D BILLORE  , A RAMESH  , SHIVANI NAGAR  , N KHANDEKAR
Published: November 2023

Significantly higher yield of soybean was registered under soybean-chickpea system. The increase in yield wasup to 21.5% under permanent broad bed and furrow (PBBF) + residue retention (R) and 14% under PBBF + withoutR (WR) as compared to conventional flatbed (CTFP) + WR. Similarly, significantly higher yield of wheat and chickpeawere registered under PBBF + R followed by PBBF + WR.
Effect of dates of sowing and cutting for fodder on fodder yield, seed yield and oil yield of oilseed rape genotypes
Authors: AARADHANA CHILWAL  , VIRENDER SARDANA  , KULVIR SINGH
Published: November 2023

A field study was conducted with three genotypes , three dates of sowing and three time of cutting for fodder.Genotype OS-1 and sowing date of 10th October without any cutting for fodder resulted in highest seed, stover and oil yield. However, sowing on 25th September with OS-1 and GSC-7 genotypes produced highest fodder yield at 35 days after sowing (DAS) and 50 DAS cutting, respectively.
Effect of long term application of fertilizers on soil nutrient status in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Authors: K V NAGA MADHURI  , P RATNA PRASAD  , P V R M. REDDY  , KHALID AHMADY  , M. MADHAN MOHAN
Published: November 2023

An experiment was conducted in long term fertilizer experiments (initiated in 1981) plot with groundnut as testcrop to study the soil nutrient availability at harvest of groundnut. There were 11 treatments arranged in RBD with four replications. The highest value of available N (87 kg/ha) was recorded in treatment T10 [NPK + lime (100 kg/ha) at flowering]. Depletion of available P was seen in seven treatments when compared with initial P (47.6 P2O5 kg/ha). Available K content of the soil decreased in all the treatments as compared with the initial status (216 K2O kg/ha).
Effect of phosphorus biofertilizers and foliar spray of potassium fertilizers on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: B B PRAVEEN KUMAR  , G SOMANAGOUDA
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif to study the effect of phosphorus biofertilizers and foliar sprayof potassium fertilizers along with RDF on sunflower. Application of 100% RDF along with soil application of VAMand foliar spray of 1% KNO3 at 45 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, no. of green leaves/plant, leaf area, relative chlorophyll content, total dry matter production, seed yield (2019 kg/ha), stalk yield (3397 kg/ha) and harvest index (37%) followed by application of 75% RDF along with seed treatment of PSB at 20g/kg or soil application of 12 kg/ha VAM and foliar spray of 1% KNO3 at 45 DAS.
Productivity potential of sesame in rabi-summer season under rice-fallow and turmeric-fallow
Authors: G D SATISH KUMAR  , A AZIZ QURESHI
Published: November 2023

The productivity potential of rabi-summer sesame was demonstrated in six districts of three states with adoptionof improved technologies. The productivity increase with adoption of improved technologies under rice fallowsituation was 22, 25 and 27% in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and West Bengal respectively, whereas under turmericfallow situation, the increase was 25% in West Bengal over farmer’s practice.
Genetic association studies for oil yield in F3 generation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for the cross COSF7B x 302 B
Authors: S DIVYA  , T KALAIMAGAL  , S MANONMANI  , L RAJENDRAN  , R CHANDIRAKALA
Published: November 2023

Eleven progenies of F3 generation of sunflower were selected for the character association study to assess therelationship among oil yield and its components. Observations were recorded on fourteen traits viz., days to firstflowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, powdery mildew percentage disease index, 100 seed weight, volume weight, seed yield, seed shape, seed colour, stripes on the margin, stripes between the margin, seed yield/plant, oil content and oil yield. Character association analysis revealed strong positive association of oil yield/plant with head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield and oil content. Hence, synchronized selection of these characters would contribute for the improvement of the oil yield/plant.
Effect of different levels of fertilizer doses on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of sunflower cultivars
Authors: V G TAKANKHAR  , P N KARANJIKAR  , M U JOGDAND
Published: November 2023

Application of 100% RDF improved all growth parameters, yield contributing characters, uptake of nutrients, oilcontent, protein content, oil yield and available soil nutrient status at harvest of sunflower. Among the differentcultivars DRSH-1 was found superior in growth parameters, yield contributing characters, nutrient uptake, oil content, protein content and oil yield followed by Jwalamukhi, DRSF-108, LSF-08 and LSFH-35.
GG HPS-2: A high yielding and large seeded Virginia bunch groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety for Gujarat State
Authors: G. K. SAPARA  , V. H. KACHHADIA  , C. J. RAJANI  , K.L. DOBARIYA
Published: November 2023

A Virginia bunch large seeded groundnut variety GG HPS-2 was developed from the cross JVB HPS 2 and GG 20. This entry was under testing from 2013 to 2017 during kharif season in different locations in Gujarat. It has recorded a higher mean pod yield of 2835 kg/ha as compared to the checks viz., GJG HPS 1 (2505 kg/ha) and ICGV 86564 (2478 kg/ha). Mean kernel yield of GG HPS 2 was 1945 kg/ha as against the checks GJG HPS 1 (1724 kg/ha) and ICGV 86564 (1408 kg/ha). GG HPS 2 recorded a mean 100-kernel weight of 66.71 g, 100- pod weight of 184.38 g, shelling out-turn of 68.61% and oil content of 48.82%. The reaction against tikka and rust was resistant, whereas for stem rot and collar rot this variety was comparable to the check varieties. Damage due to leaf defoliators and thrips under field condition in this variety was comparable with those of check varieties. Based on the superior performance, GG HPS 2 has been released for general cultivation in the kharif rainfed semi-spreading groundnut growing areas of the Gujarat State.
Effect of sulphur application on seed yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in north coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: V SUJATHA  , S V S GANGADHARA RAO
Published: November 2023

A field study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Yellamanchili during rabi season of 2015- 16and 2016-17 to study the effect of various sources (gypsum and sulphur Bentonite) and levels (15, 30 and 45 kg S/ha) of sulphur on seed yield of sesame. Application of sulphur at 45 kg/ha through gypsum produced significantly higher seed yield (587 kg/ha) than at 15 kg S/ha through gypsum, sulphur bentonite and recommended NPKalone.
Effect of conservation tillage practices on rice fallow sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at Odisha
Authors: ANITA MAHAPATRA  , DIKSHA PATEL  , K RAMESH  , BISHNUPRIYA GOUDA
Published: November 2023

Sunflower is an emerging profitable rice fallow crop at Odisha. An experiment at College of Agriculture(OUAT) Bhubaneswar on rice fallow sunflower conducted to standardize tillage, fertilizer dose and suitable hybridhas shown that sunflower hybrid KBSH 44 performed better than other hybrids under zero tillage at 150% RDF andregistered the maximum nutrient uptake.
Influence of component technology on growth, yield and economics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: S V KHADTARE  , K C OMBASE  , D R MURUMKAR  , S K SHINDE  , L N TAGAD  , V B AKASHE  , H N AIWALE
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted to quantify the contribution of component technologies to the yield of safflower for two consecutive years in post rainy season from 2017-18 to 2018-19 at Solapur (MS). The experiment composed of eight treatments with three replications in RBD. The treatment T8 (T7 + Cycocel application @ 1000 ppm at bud initiation) obtained significantly higher seed yield (725.3 kg ha-1) than rest of the treatments. The magnitude of yield increase over control was 4 to 80 per cent and 25 to 43 per cent over farmers’ practice. The treatment showed significant changes in plant height, number of capitula/plant and 100 seed weight than rest of the treatments. In terms of economics, treatment T4 was found numerically superior in net returns and B: C ratio.
Efficacy of pre and post-emergence herbicide on growth, yield and economics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under modified spacing
Authors: K S SOMASHEKAR  , G M SUJITH  , M S UMA  , K RAMESH  , D NEHRU  , K M SRINIVAS REDDY  , C P MANJULA
Published: November 2023

Application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence spray along with propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i/haat 15-20 DAS as post emergent spray recorded significantly lower weed dry weight (53.5 g/m2 area), weed index (5.31) and higher weed control efficiency (89.1 %), seed yield (1728 kg/ha), head diameter (16.06 cm), test weight(6.06 g), gross returns (` 65,266), net returns (` 26,248) and B:C ratio (2.48).
Traits conferring intermittent drought tolerance across seasons in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: P RATNAKUMAR  , BRIJ B PANDEY  , A SRAVANTHI  , E SONIA  , M Y DUDHE  , Y PRADUMAN  , KT RAMYA  , H H KUMARASWAMY  , K RAMESH  , A VISHNUVARDHAN REDDY
Published: November 2023

Intermittent drought, seasonal temperature variations affect yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under rainfed conditions. Sesame germplasm were assessed for intermittent drought tolerance across season under field conditions. Seed yield was significantly and positively associated with leaf traits, leaf tissue moisture and CT across seasons. The identified trait specific germplasm will be used further in crop improvement programme.
Screening of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes for leaf potassium accumulation under drought stress environments
Authors: BRIJ B PANDEY  , P RATNAKUMAR  , K RAMESH  , G S LAKSHMI  , A GUHEY
Published: November 2023

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) an orphaned, neglected, multipurpose oilseed crop, which is least explored for systematic research and tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Leaf K in maintaining the plant water status, stomatal regulation and plant survival when exposed to various abiotic stresses is well known. An experiment was carried out to screen 71 available genotypes for leaf K accumulation pattern. The results revealed that under water stress conditions irrespective of the genotype, leaf K content was found to increase and was highly correlated with seed yield and RWC content although there were variations among the genotypes. This suggested the possible role of K in conferring stress tolerance in sesame.
Influence of different levels of pressmud compost and fertilizer grades on growth, yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: GORE VARSHARANI SHIVAJI  , N K KALEGORE
Published: November 2023

Pressmud, a by-product of sugar industry and is left behind as a by-product. In the present investigation, the effect of pressmud, supplemented at three different levels of fertilizers, on soybean crop was taken up through a field experiment. The results indicated that the growth, yield and quality attributes of soybean were significantly influenced by different levels of pressmud compost and fertilizer grades.
Host plant resistance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to aphid, Uroleucon compositae (Theobald)
Authors: V B AKASHE  , P B WAKALE  , D V INDI  , S K SHINDE  , L N TAGAD  , K C OMBASE
Published: November 2023

Based on aphid population, foliage drying grades, bio-physical, bio-chemical and yield attributing characters,the resistance of five out of 14 pre-identified aphid tolerant safflower genotypes was confirmed against aphid. Plant morphology plays an important role in the aphid resistance. The phenol and OD phenol contents showed no significant differences between resistant and susceptible genotypes. The safflower entries having more spines, hard thick stem, wiry peduncles, green, thin and waxy leaves, tiny capitula and small sized seeds sheltered less aphid build up. Looking to all the bio-physical and bio-chemical characters along with yield potential, only five more- spiny genotypes viz., SSF-682, SSF-695, SSF-704, SSF-714 and SSF-734 were found most promising and have confirmed resistance against safflower aphid. They may be used in breeding programme for incorporation of aphid resistance.
Evaluation of fluorescent Pseudomonads and Trichoderma for growth promotion and control of soil borne diseases of groundnut
Authors: P REVATH  , M VENKATAIAH  , P GONYA NAIK
Published: November 2023

A potential method for suppressing soil-borne pathogens is to apply, or encourage growth of, plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria. Many isolates of P. fluorescens are efficacious for improving plant growth and yields and for suppressing soil-borne plant pathogens. The antibiotic DAPG (2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol) is one of the metabolites produced by Pseudomonas which can suppress other pathogens, and can affect plant vigor, including root weights and lengths and root branching and trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR). In the present investigation, three DAPGproducing and 2 non- DAPG producing fluorescent pseudomonads and a Trichoderma strain were found effective in amelioration of biotic and abiotic stresses and enhance groundnut seed yield.
Association of late leaf spot (LLS) and rust resistance with yield in selected peanut genotypes
Authors: N RAMYA SELVI  , P L VISWANATHAN  , S MANONMANI  , L RAJENDRAN  , S SUNDRAVADANA
Published: November 2023

In this study, seventy five peanut genotypes of groundnut were analyzed for association between diseaseresistance and kernel yield in kharif under two locations (Coimbatore and Aliyar Nagar). The result indicated nonsignificant association between the disease severity and yield.
Influence of powdery mildew disease on sunflower and its possible management using Ampelomyces spp.
Authors: L RAJENDRAN  , T SELVAKUMAR  , R SASIKALA  , P L VISWANATHAN
Published: November 2023

Among the different sunflower entries tested under artificial net-house conditions against powdery mildewdisease, COSF 15 B showed highly susceptible reaction (HS) compared to CO 2 Hybrid (S), Sunbred 275 (S), Morden (HS) and CO 3 Hybrid (MR). Further, the entry recorded less mean seed volume weight (33.5 g/100 ml), oil content (33.5%) with a disease score of 9 under field conditions. An attempt has been made to isolate the naturally occurring mycoparasitic pycnidial fungi Ampelomyces spp. from powdery mildew infected leaves and four isolates were obtained. These isolated were slow growing on potato dextrose agar medium and produced pycnidia. These four isolates gave a 560 bp amplicon from the ITS region.
Management of pod rot of groundnut using new fungicide molecules under field condition
Authors: T HANAMANT  , P NAGARAJU
Published: November 2023

Under field evaluation of different fungicides to manage pod rot in groundnut, minimum per cent incidence ofpod rot, maximum pod yield, haulm yield and test weight and least pod rot incidence (28.39 %) was obtained in the treatment combination of seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum at 10 g/kg of seeds + soil drenching with propineb at 30 days after sowing and fluopyram 17.7 % + tebuconozole 17.7 % @ 0.2% at 60 days after sowing which recorded as compared to other treatments.
Bio-efficacy of fungicides and bio control agents against root rot of soybean incited by Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: PUNAM KASHYAP  , S N SINGH  , M SURYA PRAKASH REDDY  , JHUMISHREE MEHER
Published: November 2023

Bioagents, fungicides and their combinations were tested under net house conditions to know their efficacy incontrolling root rot of soybean. The parameters recorded included percent germination, dry weight, vigour index and vigour index mass. Seed dressing with Aazoxystrobin + T. viride showed highest significant effect on germination per cent and dry weight. However, seed dressing with T. harzianum were significant on fresh weight and vigour index.
Bayesian Estimation and Prediction for Inverse Power Maxwell Distribution with Applications to Tax Revenue and Health Care Data
Authors: Mohd Irfan  , A. K. Sharma
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the problem of estimating the unknown model parameters as well as prediction of future observations from inverse power Maxwell distribution. The maximum likelihood method is applied for estimating the model parameters using Newton-Rapson iterative procedures. The existence and uniqueness of maximum likelihood estimates are established using Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. Approximate confidence intervals are constructed using Fisher information matrix. Using independent gamma informative priors, the Bayes estimates of unknown model parameters are obtained under squared error and Linex loss functions. Two approximation techniques namely: Lindley’s approximation and Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs sampler algorithm have been employed to derive the Bayes estimators and also to construct the associate highest posterior density credible intervals. Based on the informative (observed) sample, Bayesian prediction, predictive density, and predictive intervals are derived for future observation and decision. The performance of proposed methods are evaluated though a Monte Carlo simulation experiment. Two real-life datasets related to tax revenue and heath are incorporated to show the practical utility of proposed methodology in real phenomenon.
RNA-Seq explores the functional role of the fibroblast growth factor 10 gene in bovine adipocytes differentiation
Authors: Kaster Nurgulsim , Khan Rajwali , Ahmad Ijaz , Zhigerbayevich Kazhgaliyev  Nurlybay , Seisembay Imbay , Nurbolat Akhmetbekov , Hamitovna Shaikenova  Kymbat , Mirambekovna Omarova   Karlygash , Bekbolatovna Makhanbetova  Aizhan , Amangaliyev Tlegen Garipovich , Bolatbek Ateikhan , Yeginbaevich Titanov   Zhanat , Ahmad Shakoor , Linsen Zan , Baibolsynovna Begenova Ainagul
Published: November 2023

Objective: The present study was executed to explore the molecular mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) gene in bovine adipogenesis.Methods: The bovine FGF10 gene was overexpressed through Ad-FGF10 or inhibited through siFGF10 and their negative control (NC) in bovine adipocytes, and the multiplicity of infection, transfection efficiency, interference efficiency were evaluated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. The lipid droplets, triglycerides (TG) content and the expression levels of adipogenic marker genes were measured during preadipocytes differentiation. The differentially expressed genes were explored through deep RNA sequencing.Results: The highest mRNA level was found in omasum, subcutaneous fat, and intramuscular fat. Moreover, the highest mRNA level was found in adipocytes at day 4 of differentiation. The results of red-oil o staining showed that overexpression (Ad-FGF10) of the FGF10 gene significantly (p<0.05) reduced the lipid droplets and TG content, and their downregulation (siFGF10) increased the measurement of lipid droplets and TG in differentiated bovine adipocytes. Furthermore, the overexpression of the FGF10 gene down regulated the mRNA levels of adipogenic marker genes such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), similarly, down-regulation of the FGF10 gene enriched the mRNA levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, and LPL genes (p<0.01). Additionally, the protein levels of PPARγ and FABP4 were reduced (p<0.05) in adipocytes infected with Ad-FGF10 gene and enriched in adipocytes transfected with siFGF10. Moreover, a total of 1,774 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 157 up regulated and 1,617 down regulated genes were explored in adipocytes infected with Ad-FGF10 or Ad-NC through deep RNA-sequencing. The top Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways regulated through DEGs were the PPAR signaling pathway, cell cycle, base excision repair, DNA replication, apoptosis, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes.Conclusion: Therefore, we can conclude that the FGF10 gene is a negative regulator of bovine adipogenesis and could be used as a candidate gene in marker-assisted selection.
Impact of livestock industry on climate change: Case Study in South Korea — A review
Authors: Hur Sun Jin , Kim Jae Min , Yim Dong Gyun , Yoon Yohan , Lee Sang Suk , Jo Cheorun
Published: November 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing argument attributing the primary cause of global climate change to livestock industry, which has led to the perception that the livestock industry is synonymous with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a closer examination of the global GHG emission by sector reveals that the energy sector is responsible for the majority, accounting for 76.2% of the total, while agriculture contributes 11.9%. According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the total GHG emissions associate with the livestock supply chain amount to 14.5%. Within this, emissions from direct sources, such as enteric fermentation and livestock manure treatment, which are not part of the front and rear industries, represent only 7%. Although it is true that the increase in meat consumption driven by global population growth and rising incomes, has contributed to higher methane (CH4) emissions resulting from enteric fermentation in ruminant animals, categorizing the livestock industry as the primary source of GHG emissions oversimplifies a complex issue and disregards objective data. Therefore, it may be a misleading to solely focus on the livestock sector without addressing the significant emissions from the energy sector, which is the largest contributor to GHG emissions. The top priority should be the objective and accurate measurement of GHG emissions, followed by the development and implementation of suitable reduction policies for each industrial sector with significant GHG emissions contributions.
Protective effect of Macleaya cordata isoquinoline alkaloids on lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in broilers
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Yang Weiren , Liu Hua , Niu Jiaxing , Liu Yang , Cheng Qun
Published: November 2023

Objective: This experiment aimed to explore the protective action of dietary supplementation with isoquinoline alkaloids (IA) from Macleaya cordata on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in broilers.Methods: Total 216 healthy broilers were selected in a 21-d trial and assigned randomly to the following 3 treatments: control (CON) group, LPS group, and LPS+IA group. The CON and LPS groups were provided with a basal diet, whereas the LPS+IA group received the basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg Macleaya cordata IA. Broilers in LPS and LPS+IA groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (1 mg/kg body weight) at 17, 19, and 21 days of age, while those in CON group were injected with equivalent amount of saline solution.Results: Results showed LPS injection caused systemic and liver inflammation in broilers, inhibited immune function, and ultimately lead to liver injury. By contrast, supplementation of IA ameliorated LPS-induced adverse change in serum parameters, boosted immunity in LPS+IA group. Furthermore, IA suppressed the elevation of hepatic inflammatory cytokines and caspases levels induced by LPS, as well as the expressions of genes related to the tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) pathway.Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of 0.6 mg/kg Macleaya cordata IA could enhance immune function of body and inhibit liver damage via inactivating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in broilers.
Analisis Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia (DUHAM) Terhadap Kelompok Minoritas Transgender di Kota Tasikmalaya
Authors: Suntian Isti Azhari Putri
Published: November 2023

In this manuscript the author will discuss about discrimination behaviour that are left by the transgender group in Tasikmalaya. This research shows how transgender group in Tasikmalaya get some discrimination by many people in Tasikmalaya and also how the state can protect to their human rights. This study will be more in-depth to discuss how the reality of freedom is written in the UDHR, especially article 2 against the Transgender minority group in the city of Tasikmalaya, and how people who are part of the Transgender carry out their social life with the community. Theories used in this research are the theory of Democracy and Human Rights and phenomenological approach with descriptive qualitative research method. The result of this research there are three discriminatory behaviors are felt by the Transgender group in Tasikmalaya, the first is the availability of housing, religion, and education. The state in its efforts to protect the human rights of its citizens then mobilized related agencies together with PKBI and KPA in guiding transgender groups in Tasikmalaya to be able to develop in a more positive direction. Through the network created by the transgender community of Tasikmalaya together with PKBI and other related agencies, so as transgender minority group in Tasikmalaya have begun to not get discrimination with the help of PKBI, KPA, and relevant agencies.
A Survey of HBV Core/Pre-Core Mutations in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Kadhim Jwaziri Abdulhussain , Esghaei Maryam , Karbalaie Niya Mohammad Hadi , Sayah Hadi , Razizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Gholami Ali , Mousavizadeh Leila , Keyvani Hossein
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the pattern of HBV Core/Pre-Core mutations and HBV genotype in Iraqi patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: In the current cross-sectional study in an Iraqi province, we evaluated 134 patients diagnosed with HBV hepatitis. We used PCR and, subsequently, Sanger sequencing to assess HBV Core/Pre-Core mutations. Sanger sequencing reads were further used for phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment. A phylogenetic tree was generated according to the neighbor-joining method. Results: The current study revealed that 58 (45%) of the patients were male, and 72 (55%) of them were female. The mean age of the patients was 36 ± 12.7 years, and the mean duration of infection was 5.2 ± 4.8 years. The results revealed 21 nucleic acid alterations in the samples analyzed. The generated phylogenetic tree divided samples into two genotypes. Pre-core/Core mutations were significantly associated with the treatment received (P = 0.0.001) but not with laboratory parameters. Most samples were matched with the genotype D clade, while only four samples were positioned adjacent to the genotype E clade. Direct nucleic acid translation disclosed five nucleic acid variants (73T>G, 347T>G, 364A>G, 365T>C, and 366A>G) on the core protein. Conclusions: This study has detected 21 nucleotide variants and 5 amino acid alterations within the coding sequences of the C gene. This study revealed that genotype D represents the primary genotype for the identified viral infections. The current study highlights the importance of these mutations evaluation for future, more comprehensive studies.
Investigation of Creative Cognition Among Miners at Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex
Authors: Mohammadi Movahedeh , Sadeghi Tabandeh , Akbari Chermahini Soghra , Soltani Narjes , Saadloo Majid , Zeiaee Pour Dariush , Alizadeh Majid , Kaeedi Ayat , Shamsizadeh Ali
Published: November 2023

Background: Miners are frequently exposed to toxic metals in the environment. Excessive intake of heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, and copper, is neurotoxic and promotes neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the creativity among personnel of the Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, the second-largest copper deposit worldwide. Methods: The research population included personnel working at the Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex in Rafsanjan, southeast Iran. The convenience sampling method was used to identify 204 participants based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Convergent and divergent thinking were assessed using the remote associates test (RAT) and the alternative uses test (AUT), respectively. Results: The total mean scores of RAT and AUT were 3.05 ± 2.05 and 10.91 ± 6.63, respectively. The mean scores of both AUT and RAT in miners with more than 10 years of work experience were lower than others. Moreover, AUT scores were lower in miners who used opium and also in those who were less educated (with no college or university education). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that cognitive abilities might be more affected in copper miners. However, more future studies using two groups of miners and non-miners are needed to conduct a more accurate interpretation.
Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Methotrexate Hepatotoxicity in Mice Via the Nrf2/HO-1/Anti-Apoptotic Signaling Pathway
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Ali , Salehcheh Maryam , Rashno Mohammad , Khorsandi Layasadat , Kalantari Heibatullah , Khodayar Mohammad Javad
Published: November 2023

Background: Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist used to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, is known to generate reactive oxygen species. Objectives: The research investigates the impact of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, on an MTX-induced mouse hepatotoxicity model. Methods: Forty-two mice were divided into 6 groups: Control, MTX, DMF 120, and 3 groups of MTX co-treated with DMF 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg. Dimethyl fumarate was gavaged once daily for 10 days. On the fifth day, the animals received MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally. On the eleventh day, the animals were sacrificed, and serum and liver samples were collected to assess the level of oxidative/anti-oxidative and apoptotic/anti-apoptotic markers. Results: Dimethyl fumarate prevented the increase of liver function enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induced by MTX (P < 0.001). It prevented the increase in AST and ALT levels, indicating liver recovery (P < 0.001). Furthermore, DMF restored antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total thiol while reducing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.001). Dimethyl fumarate also downregulated hepatic mRNA expression of caspase 3 and upregulated Bcl-2, heme oxygenase 1, and Nrf2 genes in MTX co-treated DMF groups. Conclusions: Dimethyl fumarate alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis, which may be achieved by the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Therefore, DMF may be clinically effective in preventing or treating MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.