bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VISUALIDADES NO ESPAÇO URBANO: ARTE E ENFRENTAMENTO À VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER
Authors: Alves Gabriela Santos , Valle Alice Soares do , Cavaca Sthefany Duhz , Pelisson Yvena Plotegher
Published: January 2022

O enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher é um dos grandes desafios de nossa época. Se por um lado os casos de feminicídio, agressões e abusos têm hoje repercussão  midiática expressivamente maior do que casos semelhantes tinham há uma década, por outro percebe-se que essa cobertura, em especial a jornalística, ainda investe na construção de um discurso expositivo, não problematizador e, em vários casos, culpabilizador sobre a mulher e a violência sofrida. Nosso objetivo neste artigo é apresentar a produção artística de mulheres na cidade de Vitória/ES que, na contra mão dessa construção midiática não problematizadora, propõem em seus trabalhos no espaço urbano da cidade, ações e reflexões que contribuem para o enfrentamento à violência de gênero na cidade.
VIRADA COMUNICAÇÃO: COMO COLETIVOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO DAS PERIFERIAS ESTÃO CONSTRUINDO UMA NOVA FORMA DE SE COMUNICAR
Authors: Assis Larissa Gould de
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar como coletivos de comunicação das periferias estão, juntos e em rede, construindo uma nova forma de se comunicar. Para isso, a autora utilizou como estudo de caso a Virada Comunicação, realizada em setembro de 2017 no Grajaú, zona sul da capital paulista, pela Rede Jornalistas das Periferias, articulação que reúne 13 coletivos de todas as regiões de São Paulo. O evento contou com mais de 400 participantes, entre comunicadores, estudantes e pesquisadores.
propaganda onipresente e a crítica ao ambiente urbano:
Authors: Tessarini Giulia Franceschi , Silva Tarcisio Torres
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem como intuito relacionar trabalhos do autor Guy Debord, incluindo sua colaboração no movimento europeu de crítica social Situacionismo (1957) e sua teoria da “Sociedade do Espetáculo”, com a série britânica Black Mirror, criada por Charlie Brooker. Termos presentes nas teses situacionistas, como Deriva e Psicogeografia, além da abordagem intensiva sobre utopia, servem de base para críticas e análises de episódios da série, como Fifteen Million Merits (2011), o escolhido para ser estudado neste trabalho. A propaganda onipresente e a crítica à criação humana do ambiente urbano são os principais pontos conectados, partilhados por ambas obras autorais, o que mostra a presença e atualidade das teses situacionistas no século XXI.
Cinegrafistas: as lentes do telespectador
Authors: Santos Maria Zita Almeida Batista dos , Costa Rubens Ferreira
Published: January 2022

Ao longo da história da televisão, pouco se fala a respeito do trabalho dos cinegrafistas e sua importância no ambiente jornalístico. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o cotidiano dos cinegrafistas, sua relação com jornalistas e as dificuldades por não ser esta uma profissão reconhecida. A metodologia adotada deu-se através de entrevistas, pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva. As entrevistas foram realizadas com dois cinegrafistas, um da TV Paraíba, afiliada Rede Globo e um da TV Itararé, afiliada TV Cultura, em Campina Grande/PB, e com tempos de profissão distintos, para possibilitar a análise de diferentes percepções. Em nossas considerações, sugerimos que uma das soluções mais rápidas para sanar déficit e dificuldades no/do mercado seria inserir uma disciplina nessa linha, nos cursos superiores de Jornalismo.

 

Palavras-Chave: Cinegrafista. Televisão. Imagem. Telejornalismo.
Aura e Fantasmagoria
Authors: Reis Lucas Manuel Mazuquieri
Published: January 2022

Este artigo propõe uma abordagem do cinema de compilação pela ótica da inscrição subjetiva. Para tanto, parte-se de uma problematização da noção de arquivo e da utilização deste como forma de articulação histórica no filme de compilação. Para matizar a relação entre o filme de compilação e a memória afetiva realiza-se o estudo de caso de dois curta-metragens brasileiros de compilação, Inconfissões (Ana Galizia, 2017) e Sem título #1: Dance of Leitfossil (Carlos Adriano, 2014), em que os cineastas que utilizam o arquivo recuperado como forma de lidar com a morte de um familiar, marcando subjetivamente a re-enunciação.
Escolas de Samba como veículo publicitário:
Authors: Sabino Pedro Pinheiro
Published: January 2022

Mais que fantasias coloridas, enormes carros alegóricos e uma bateria tocando samba durante 70 minutos, as escolas de samba, na avenida, possuem um fio condutor que dá sentido e unidade a tudo aquilo que vem sendo mostrado por elas: o enredo. Pela versatilidade dessa manifestação de caráter popular, há margem para abordagem de diversos temas, gerando a crença em algumas pessoas, de que tudo pode virar enredo. E é nesse ponto que são encontrados espaços para investimentos diretos no que é cantado pela escola, por diversas entidades, como: governos de países, estados, cidades e, também, instituições privadas, como empresas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o interesse das corporações que investem nos enredos de escolas de samba do Grupo Especial do Rio de Janeiro.
“Psit, foi o Diabo!” a construção de personagens na imprensa satírica do século XIX
Authors: Braz Vinícius , Jácome Phellipy
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a utilização de personagens em jornais satíricos brasileiros do século XIX, como agentes mobilizadores no que diz respeito ao processo de formação identitária desses periódicos, bem como a sua importância para a construção de um jornalismo satírico e a possibilidade de mobilizar a produção de narrativas nesse modelo jornalístico. Assim, pretende-se construir ferramentas analíticas para o desenvolvimento dos estudos historiográficos no campo da Comunicação.
Traditional Culture in Chinese Movies: The Case of Movies Shot in Huizhou
Authors: Tong Zhaosheng
Published: January 2022

Movies are often viewed as important tools to promote cultural communication. Many international moviegoers and researchers endorse Chinese movies as authentic representation of traditional Chinese history and culture. However, in this era of commercialism, movies are often produced as commercial products to win the maximum profits at global market; thus, the history and culture in Chinese movies are often reshaped and reconfigured to meet the taste of foreign moviegoers. This paper uses Judou (1990), Inkstone Bed (1995) and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), three movies shot in Huizhou, a land known for its profound traditional culture, as a case study to explore how and why traditional culture is reshaped and reconfigured. The results show that those three movies diverge from traditional culture in one way or another. The distortion or stigmatization of Huizhou culture in Judou and Inkstone Bed caters to global audience’s preconceived notion of a corrupted and chaotic “ancient China.” Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon transcends local settings to address cross-cultural and multinational themes. With a diversity of cultural elements hybridized and well-attuned, it sets a good example for Chinese movies to win global recognition and commercial success worldwide.
The Connotation, Characteristics, Composition and Significance of Subject Matter Knowledge (SMK) of Mathematics Teachers in China
Authors: Li Baozhen
Published: January 2022

The connotation of SMK of mathematics teachers is the intelligent result of dynamic construction about different types of mathematical knowledge in the process of their learning, teaching and research. The SMK of mathematics teachers is characterized by the individuality of cognitive construction of teachers, generation of the interaction among learning, teaching and research, continuity of teachers’ integrative pre-service and in-service education, mutual activation of subjective teaching knowledge, interwovenness with students’ learning and so on. The SMK of mathematics teachers is composed of 4 parts, including knowledge of mathematical content, knowledge of mathematical history and mathematical culture, knowledge of mathematical thoughts and methods, and view of mathematics. And these four components correlate with each other and they are inseparable. Interpreting and revealing the connotation, characteristics and composition of subject knowledge of mathematics teachers are of theoretical significance to the improvement of mathematics teachers’ personal knowledge structure, the adjustment of curriculum, and the determination of the training program content for in-service mathematics teachers as well as the orientation of mathematics teachers’ recruitment and the offering of reference for the national education administration in formulating relevant policies on teachers’ professional development.
A review of the non-lyctine powder-post beetles of Yunnan (China) with a new genus and new species (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: ZHANG YI-FENG , MENG LING-ZENG , BEAVER ROGER A.
Published: January 2022

The powder post beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (except Lyctinae) of Yunnan Province in Southwest China are reviewed for the first time. Keys to twenty-six genera and fifty-two species from the Yunnan region are provided. One new genus and seven new species are described: Dinoderus (Dinoderastes) hongheensis sp. nov., Dinoderus (Dinoderastes) nanxiheensis sp. nov., Gracilenta yingjiangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., Calonistes vittatus sp. nov., Calophagus colombiana sp. nov., Xylodrypta guochuanii sp. nov. and Xylodrypta zhenghei sp. nov.. Fourteen species are recorded in China for the first time. The bostrichid fauna of Yunnan is compared with those of the neighbouring bio-geographically related Southeast Asian and Himalayan regions. The fauna has a close affinity with that of tropical Southeast Asia and a much weaker relationship with the Palearctic region. The differences with the Himalayas may reflect the separate evolutionary and complex geological history of the two areas.
A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) with a colourful venter from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes
Authors: PALACIOS-RODRÍGUEZ PABLO , DAZA JUAN M. , MAZARIEGOS-H. LUIS A. , RENDÓN UBIEL , AMÉZQUITA ADOLFO
Published: January 2022

The Terrarana frogs of the genus Pristimantis are acknowledged for their direct development into froglets and for their astonishing species richness, which renders it the anuran genus with the highest number of species. We describe a new species of Pristimantis from the northwestern Andes of Colombia. The species is distributed from an area between 2750-2900 m.a.s.l. in the Mesenia-Paramillo Nature Reserve. Pristimantis postducheminorum sp. nov. differs from other, phylogenetically related, or similar resembling Pristimantis taxa by a striking yellow coloration in the ventral area, dark grey coloration in the concealed surfaces of the thighs and groin, absence of nuptial pads, presence of lateral fringes on fingers, presence of vomerine odontophores triangular in shape from the ventral view, and absence of dorsolateral folds. Molecular phylogenetics place this new species close to P. satagius and therefore within the P. ridens species group. The new species is also phylogenetically close and sympatric with the recently described P. ferwerdai, which further indicates that the Pristimantis fauna has been notoriously underestimated in the Colombian western cloud forests, a fact that should be considered in assessments of environmental impact.
Satellite-Based Nowcasting of West African Mesoscale Storms Has Skill at up to 4-h Lead Time
Authors: Burton R. R. , Blyth A. M. , Cui Z. , Groves J. , Lamptey B. L. , Fletcher J. K. , Marsham J. H. , Parker D. J. , Roberts A.
Published: January 2022

The ability to predict heavy rain and floods in Africa is urgently needed to reduce the socioeconomic costs of these events and increase resilience as climate changes. Numerical weather prediction in this region is challenging, and attention is being drawn to observationally based methods of providing short-term nowcasts (up to ∼6-h lead time). In this paper a freely available nowcasting package, pySTEPS, is used to assess the potential to provide nowcasts of satellite-derived convective rain rate for West Africa. By analyzing a large number of nowcasts, we demonstrate that a simple approach of “optical flow” can have useful skill at 2-h lead time on a 10-km scale and 4-h lead time at larger scales (200 km). A diurnal variation in nowcast skill is observed, with the worst-performing nowcasts being those that are initialized at 1500 UTC. Comparison with existing nowcasts is presented. Such nowcasts, if implemented operationally, would be expected to have significant benefits.

Significance Statement

A freely available, easy-to-use nowcasting package has been applied to satellite-retrieved rainfall rates for West Africa, and extrapolations have useful skill at up to 4 h of lead time.
Why Does Occupational Prestige Affect Sentencing Outcomes?: Exploring the Perceptual Mediators
Authors: Schmidt Marshall R. , Kroska Amy
Published: January 2022

Research on the effect of an offender’s occupational prestige on criminal sentencing shows mixed results, with some studies showing a positive association between prestige and sentence severity and others showing a negative association. We revisit this question using an online vignette experiment. Drawing on affect control theory and its computer program, Interact, we hypothesize that an offender’s occupational prestige will increase the recommended sentence and that post-crime, or transient, impressions of the offender’s potency will mediate this effect. We find support for both hypotheses: Occupational prestige increases the recommended sentence, and post-crime impressions of the offender’s potency mediate this effect. The mediation is partial when potency is measured with semantic differentials, and it is complete when potency is measured with a set of explicit, denotative items. We also explore the mediational role of post-crime impressions of the offender’s evaluation and activity. Although offender activity does not function as a mediator, offender evaluation plays a minor mediational role when offender potency is also controlled. We also find an interaction between post-crime offender evaluation and potency, with participants recommending a lighter sentence for offenders they see as both weak and evaluatively neutral. We discuss the empirical, theoretical, and methodological implications of these findings and outline avenues for future research.
Predictors of Productivity and Leisure for People Aging with Intellectual Disability
Authors: King Eilish , Brangan Joan , McCarron Mary , McCallion Philip , Bavussantakath Fathima Rosmin , O’Donovan Mary-Ann
Published: January 2022

Background. Adults aging with intellectual disability (ID) face barriers to engagement in occupation. Greater understanding of factors that affect engagement in work and leisure occupations is required to support occupational engagement in this population. Purpose. Identify predictors of engagement in work and leisure occupations for adults aging with an ID, and consider implications for occupational therapy practice. Method. Data from wave 2 of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (IDS-TILDA) was analyzed using regression analysis to identify predictors of engagement in work and leisure occupations for adults aging with an ID. Findings. Adults who had difficulty getting around their home environment, poor physical health, or older age were less likely to engage in work and leisure activities. Implications. Occupational therapists can support adults aging with ID to age in place. Occupation-focused health promotion could enhance well-being through engagement in occupation.
Reshaping the Threat Environment: Personalism, Coups, and Assassinations
Authors: Chin John , Escribà-Folch Abel , Song Wonjun , Wright Joseph
Published: January 2022

Dictators shape regime structures to counter the threats they face. Personalization entails the progressive accumulation of power in the hands of the dictator to minimize internal threats from organized elites in the military and party. However, elites have incentives to resist the personalization to avoid being marginalized by personalist strongmen. We argue that as personalism increases, rival elites, less able to coordinate coup attempts, turn to strategies that do not require substantial elite coordination: assassinations. At low levels of personalism, elites coordinate insider coups to oust the ruler, reshuffling leadership and still retaining power. At middle levels of personalism, elites organize regime change coups as reshuffling coups become more difficult. At high levels of personalism, even regime change coups become difficult to mount, and increasingly marginalized and desperate rivals turn to assassinations. We test these expectations with new data on personalism, assassination, and coup attempts, covering all autocracies over the 1946–2010 period.
Effect of freeze and thaw cycle on the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites with un-oiled fibers containing liquid and solid polymers
Authors: Azadmanesh Hadi , Hashemi Seyed Amir Hossein , Ghasemi Seyed Hooman
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, the application of the engineered cementitious composites(ECC) is expected to highly develop. Due to the lack of access to oiled- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers in many parts of the world, the implementation of the ECC has contained many difficulties. In this study, to increase the mechanical properties of ECC with the use of un-oiled PVA fibers, the polymers of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were taken into account to resolve the abovementioned issue. Herein, also in order to enhance the tensile and flexural properties of ECC, the cement was replaced by polymers. Accordingly, a total of 7 mix designs were planned to conduct the proposed tests. The compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, and three-point bending tests were performed on the ECC at their 28-day age with consideration of the freeze and thaw cycle. The results of this research illustrated that the use of polymers can enhance the tensile and flexural properties of the ECC with un-oiled PVA fibers. The tensile strain in this study increased by more than 3% after the application of the polymers. Furthermore, the compressive strength increased by more than 47 MPa, and the deflection at the mid-span reached more than 9 mm in the bending test. However, the results showed that the use of polymers was effective on the freeze and thaw cycle and almost preserved the mechanical properties of the ECC. SBR latex has higher compatibility with the ECC in comparison with EVA powder.
Did Egypt’s post-uprising crime wave increase support for authoritarian rule?
Authors: Abadeer Caroline , Blackman Alexandra Domike , Blaydes Lisa , Williamson Scott
Published: January 2022

Countries transitioning from autocracy to democracy often struggle to maintain law and order. Yet relatively little is known about how increasing crime rates impact public support for authoritarian leadership during a transition. We find an empirical relationship between rising crime and support for authoritarian leadership in Egypt following the 2011 uprisings. Analysis of original crime data from Egypt suggests that electoral districts exposed to larger year-on-year changes in localized patterns of crime were more likely to vote for the ‘strongman’ candidate in Egypt’s first, and only, free and fair presidential election in 2012. We also analyze survey data which shows that Egyptians who were highly concerned about crime were more likely to express support for a ‘strong leader’ as well as for military rule, even after controlling for a broad set of covariates. This research illustrates how instability triggered by political transitions can have negative implications for democratic consolidation.
K’iche’, Mam, and Nahua Migrant Youth Navigating Colonial Codes of Power
Authors: Barillas Chon David W.
Published: January 2022

This study examines how three recently arrived Indigenous male migrant youth from Guatemala and Mexico in an urban high school in the Pacific Northwest understood and employed Spanish and English to navigate racialized and languaged interactions. Utilizing a Critical Latinx Indigeneities framework, findings from this study show that Spanish is a racialized and languaged system of power that traveled with youth. In the U.S., Spanish interacts with English as a new system of power resulting in the diminishing of Indigenous languages. This study provides urban educators with understandings of the complex systems of race, language, and power Indigenous migrants navigate.
Self-protecting responses in randomized response designs: A survey on intimate partner violence during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Reiber Fabiola , Bryce Donna , Ulrich Rolf
Published: January 2022

Randomized response techniques (RRTs) are applied to reduce response biases in self-report surveys on sensitive research questions (e.g., on socially undesirable characteristics). However, there is evidence that they cannot completely eliminate self-protecting response strategies. To address this problem, there are RRTs specifically designed to measure the extent of such strategies. Here we assessed the recently devised unrelated question model—cheating extension (UQMC) in a preregistered online survey on intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration during the first contact restrictions as containment measures for the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Germany in early 2020. The UQMC accounting for self-protecting responses described the data better than its predecessor model which assumes instruction adherence. The resulting three-month prevalence estimates were about 10% and we found a high proportion of self-protecting responses in the group of female participants queried about IPV victimization. However, unexpected results concerning the differences in prevalence estimates across the groups queried about victimization and perpetration highlight the difficulty of investigating sensitive research questions even using methods that guarantee anonymity and the importance of interpreting the respective estimates with caution.
Load frequency control in the presence of simultaneous cyber-attack and participation of demand response program
Authors: Rouhani Seyed Hossein , Mojallali Hamed , Baghramian Alfred
Published: January 2022

Simultaneous investigation of demand response programs and false data injection cyber-attack are critical issues for the smart power system frequency regulation. To this purpose, in this paper, the output of the studied system is simultaneously divided into two subsystems: one part including false data injection cyder-attack and another part without cyder-attack. Then, false data injection cyber-attack and load disturbance are estimated by a non-linear sliding mode observer, simultaneously and separately. After that, demand response is incorporated in the uncertain power system to compensate the whole or a part of the load disturbance based on the available electrical power in the aggregators considering communication time delay. Finally, active disturbance rejection control is modified and introduced to remove the false data injection cyber-attack and control the uncompensated load disturbance. The salp swarm algorithm is used to design the parameters. The results of several simulation scenarios indicate the efficient performance of the proposed method.
Event-triggered-based adaptive sliding mode control for networked linear control systems
Authors: Li Guiling , Peng Chen
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the robust stabilization of the adaptive sliding mode control for a class of linear systems subjected to external disturbance via event-triggered communication (ETC) scheme. First, in order to reduce the bandwidth utilization, a discrete ETC scheme is proposed and the networked sliding mode function is derived using the ETC scheme. Based on the derived sliding mode function, a reduced-order networked sliding mode dynamics with communication delay is established. Second, by constructing a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF), asymptotic stability and stabilization criteria of the reduced-order sliding mode dynamics are given in the form of linear matrix inequalities. According to the stabilization result, a novel event-triggered-based adaptive sliding mode controller is designed while guaranteeing the reachability of the sliding surface. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and merit of the developed method.
Tobacco use in patients with ENT tumours: Deficits in the provision of education and smoking cessation support
Authors: Rohrmeier Christian , Salloum Hazem , Keerl Rainer , Bohr Christopher , Mueller Steffen
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Smoking is not only one of the main risk factors for the development of most malignant and numerous benign ENT tumours but also has an important influence on therapy and prognosis. Even quitting smoking at the time of diagnosis significantly reduces mortality. Patients have a particularly strong desire to stop smoking when they are diagnosed. The present study investigated to what extent patients were aware of the relationships between smoking and the development and prognosis of tumours and how much information and smoking cessation support they were offered by physicians.

Methods

A total of 194 patients (74.7% male, 62.0 ±10.6 a) with malignant primary ENT tumours, pre-cancerous tumours, Reinke’s oedema and salivary gland tumours were interviewed.

Results

22.7% were nonsmokers, 49.5% were cigarette smokers and 27.8% were ex-smokers. A total of 57.0% of the smokers said they would have quit before the onset of the disease if they had known about the association. Forty-one percent did not receive information about the association between smoking and the development of their disease, while 45.5% did not receive information about the relationship with their prognosis. The provision of information lasted less than 5 min for 40.4% of the patients and more than 10 min for only 13.5%. In total, 50.7% of the patients were directly requested not to smoke. A total of 7.7% received offers of smoking cessation support from otolaryngologists and 18.2% received such offers from family physicians.

Conclusions

There is a pronounced need for improvements in the provision of medical information about the health risks associated with smoking and offers to support patient efforts to stop smoking. In particular, the appointment during which the diagnosis is communicated to the patient should be considered a ‘teachable moment’ that can lead to smoking cessation.
Association of serum laboratory parameters with periprocedural myocardial infarction after a primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Deng Qiaoting , Hou Jingyuan , Deng Xunwei , Zhong Zhixiong
Published: January 2022

Background

Periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) is one of the mortality-related complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and significantly affects short- and long-term adverse outcomes and immediate cardiovascular events. Our present study aimed to evaluate the association of preprocedural serum laboratory parameters and PMI in patients who received primary PCI and attempted to provide detailed data on the predictors of PCI-related PMI.

Methods

A total of 1184 consecutive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who received primary and elective PCI between July 2015 and June 2017 were included and divided into control group and PMI group. The data of serum laboratory parameters were collected from the electronic database of Meizhou People’s Hospital.

Results

The results indicated that preprocedural fasting blood glucose were higher in PMI group compared with the control group ( p < .001). Patients with prior hyperlipidemia were more likely to have experienced PCI-related PMI ( p = .018) and the preprocedural level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and LDL-C/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly enhanced in PMI group ( p < .001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that preprocedural fasting blood glucose > 6.11 mmol/L ( p < .001, OR = 1.949, 95% CI: 1.444–2.630) and LDL-C levels ≥130 mg/dL ( p = .005, OR = 1.941, 95% CI: 1.217–3.098) independently predicted PCI-related PMI.

Conclusion

Our results indicated preprocedural fasting blood glucose >6.11 mmol/L and LDL-C levels ≥130 mg/dL may be useful predictors for PCI-related PMI. The study may provide a detailed data on the predictors of PCI-related PMI.
Development of guidelines to reduce, handle and report missing data in palliative care trials: A multi-stakeholder modified nominal group technique
Authors: Hussain Jamilla A , White Ian R , Johnson Miriam J , Byrne Anthony , Preston Nancy J , Haines Andy , Seddon Kathy , Peters Tim J
Published: January 2022

Background:

Missing data can introduce bias and reduce the power, precision and generalisability of study findings. Guidelines on how to address missing data are limited in scope and detail, and poorly implemented.

Aim:

To develop guidelines on how best to (i) reduce, (ii) handle and (iii) report missing data in palliative care clinical trials.

Design:

Modified nominal group technique.

Setting/participants:

Patient and public research partners, palliative care clinicians, trialists, methodologists and statisticians attended a 1-day workshop, following which a multi-stakeholder development group drafted the guidelines.

Results:

Seven main recommendations for reducing missing data, nine for handling missing data and twelve for reporting missing data were developed. The top five recommendations were: (i) train all research staff on missing data, (ii) prepare for missing data at the trial design stage, (iii) address missing data in the statistical analysis plan, (iv) collect the reasons for missing data and (v) report descriptive statistics comparing the baseline characteristics of those with missing and observed data. Reducing missing data, preparing for missing data and understanding the reasons for missing data were greater priorities for stakeholders than how to deal with missing data once they had occurred.

Conclusion:

Comprehensive guidelines on how to address missing data were developed by stakeholders involved in palliative care trials. Implementation of the guidelines will require endorsement of research funders and research journals.
Coupling between cerebrovascular oscillations and CSF flow fluctuations during wakefulness: An fMRI study
Authors: Yang Ho-Ching (Shawn) , Inglis Ben , Talavage Thomas M , Nair Vidhya Vijayakrishnan , Yao Jinxia (Fiona) , Fitzgerald Bradley , Schwichtenberg Amy J , Tong Yunjie
Published: January 2022

It is commonly believed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement is facilitated by blood vessel wall movements (i.e., hemodynamic oscillations) in the brain. A coherent pattern of low frequency hemodynamic oscillations and CSF movement was recently found during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep via functional MRI. This finding raises other fundamental questions: 1) the explanation of coupling between hemodynamic oscillations and CSF movement from fMRI signals; 2) the existence of the coupling during wakefulness; 3) the direction of CSF movement. In this resting state fMRI study, we proposed a mechanical model to explain the coupling between hemodynamics and CSF movement through the lens of fMRI. Time delays between CSF movement and global hemodynamics were calculated. The observed delays between hemodynamics and CSF movement match those predicted by the model. Moreover, by conducting separate fMRI scans of the brain and neck, we confirmed the low frequency CSF movement at the fourth ventricle is bidirectional. Our finding also demonstrates that CSF movement is facilitated by changes in cerebral blood volume mainly in the low frequency range, even when the individual is awake.
Dependence of the mechanical properties of rigid PU foam on density
Authors: Shivakumar Neerakallu Dasappa , Deb Anindya
Published: January 2022

Density is an important parameter that influences the properties and performances of rigid polyurethane foam. In this study, a systematic engineering approach is presented for determining the effect of density on mechanical properties of rigid/crushable PU foam for design applications. To this end, several mechanical performance parameters, that is, mean load and strength, secant modulus, energy absorption efficiency and densification strain are at first identified for the PU foam. Foam samples of different densities are obtained by varying the amount of liquid polyol–isocyanate of a desired mixing ratio in a constant-volume cubical mould and letting the blow and gelation reactions progress to completion. By conducting compression tests on cubic specimens of foam obtained, it is shown that various mechanical parameters of interest increase monotonically with respect to density. An SEM-based study on the effect of density on foam microstructure has also been carried out.
Micro failure analysis of fiber metal laminates
Authors: Lin Jiao , Zheng Chuanxiang , Dai Yuchen , Wang Zhenyu
Published: January 2022

In the failure analysis of composite materials, the damage of fiber and matrix is always noticed rather than the debonding of interface which is responsible for transferring the load between matrix and fiber. The stress amplification factors of fiber, matrix, and interface were extracted by establishing representative volume element model with interface and the strength of corresponding constituent is calculated in our work. Micro mechanics of failure served as the initial failure criterion of material components, and user-material subroutine (UMAT) was applied to realize progressive damage analysis of fiber metal laminate (FML) under different loading angles. The analysis results show that it is not strictly correct to directly use the stress on the matrix to calculate interface stress, and the damage trend of interface is consistent with that of fiber. The strain hardening phenomenon of FML decreases with larger loading angle, and the mechanical response of FML is about 45° symmetric due to its structure symmetry. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment results.
Test Review: MEZURE
Authors: Dombrowski Stefan C. , Engel Shiri , Lennon James
Published: January 2022

This article reviews the administrative and psychometric properties of the MEZURE, an online-only (remote or in-person) measure of cognitive ability used to evaluate school-aged populations and adults.
Effect of Unplugged Programming Teaching Aids on Children’s Computational Thinking and Classroom Interaction: with Respect to Piaget’s Four Stages Theory
Authors: Zhan Zehui , He Wenchang , Yi Xitian , Ma Shuyao
Published: January 2022

This paper examined the effect of the Unplugged Programming Teaching Aids (UPTA) on students' computational thinking and classroom interaction. A set of UPTA was created and used in a primary school in southern China. A total of 48 students aged 6–8 were assigned to two classes, with the same instructor and learning materials, but only the treatment group was provided with the UPTA. Both groups were tested on computational thinking ability, children’s concrete operation status, degree of ego-centricity, and in-classroom interaction. Results indicated that the children aged 6–8 years old could classify things according to two kinds of criteria at the same time, but their cognitive style was still ego-centered and they found it difficult to deal with problems from a third-party perspective, no matter whether in the treatment group or the control group. However, students in the treatment group achieved significantly higher scores on the test of computational thinking and were more engaged in the classroom interaction patterns. These findings provide evidence of the positive effect of the UPTA on promoting children’s computational thinking by guiding them to decompose and solve problems, as well as enhancing their interaction and communication in the classroom, so as to transform from simple imitation to collaborative inquiry.
Cerebral Palsy in Child Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Training: An Unmet Need
Authors: Wilson Jenny L. , Kim Young-Min , O’Malley Jennifer A. , Gelineau-Morel Rose , Gilbert Laura , Bain Jennifer M. , Aravamuthan Bhooma R.
Published: January 2022

Background

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of childhood motor disability. However, there is limited guidance on training of child neurologists and neurodevelopmental disability specialists in the care of individuals with cerebral palsy. We sought to determine training program directors’ impressions of the importance and adequacy of training in the diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, all 82 child neurology and neurodevelopmental disability program directors were asked to complete a survey querying program characteristics, aspects of training in cerebral palsy, importance of cerebral palsy training, and perceived competence at graduation in cerebral palsy care.

Results

There were 35 responses (43% response rate). Nearly all program directors (91%) reported “learning to diagnose cerebral palsy” as very important, and most (71%) felt that “learning to manage cerebral palsy” was very important. Although most program directors reported trainees to be very or extremely competent in cerebral palsy diagnosis (77%), only 43% of program directors felt that trainees were very or extremely competent in cerebral palsy management. Time spent with cerebral palsy faculty was associated with higher reported competence in cerebral palsy diagnosis ( P = .03) and management ( P < .01). The presence of a cerebral palsy clinic was associated with higher reported competence in cerebral palsy management ( P = .03).

Conclusions

Child neurology and neurodevelopmental disability program directors reported that training in cerebral palsy is important for residents; however, a significant proportion felt that residents were not very well prepared to manage cerebral palsy. The development of cerebral palsy curricula and exposure to cerebral palsy clinics may improve training, translating to better care of individuals with cerebral palsy.
Politics Go “Viral”: A Computational Text Analysis of the Public Attribution and Attitude Regarding the COVID-19 Crisis and Governmental Responses on Twitter
Authors: Zhang Weilu , Hu Lingshu , Park Jihye
Published: January 2022

The U.S. confronts an unprecedented public health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, in the presidential election year in 2020. In such a compound situation, a real-time dynamic examination of how the general public ascribe the crisis responsibilities taking account to their political ideologies is helpful for developing effective strategies to manage the crisis and diminish hostility toward particular groups caused by polarization. Social media, such as Twitter, provide platforms for the public’s COVID-related discourse to form, accumulate, and visibly present. Meanwhile, those features also make social media a window to monitor the public responses in real-time. This research conducted a computational text analysis of 2,918,376 tweets sent by 829,686 different U.S. users regarding COVID-19 from January 24 to May 25, 2020. Results indicate that the public’s crisis attribution and attitude toward governmental crisis responses are driven by their political identities. One crisis factor identified by this study (i.e., threat level) also affects the public’s attribution and attitude polarization. Additionally, we note that pandemic fatigue was identified in our findings as early as in March 2020. This study has theoretical, practical, and methodological implications informing further health communication in a heated political environment.
The Gendered Pathways Into Giving and Volunteering: Similar or Different Across Countries?
Authors: Wiepking Pamala , Einolf Christopher J. , Yang Yongzheng
Published: January 2022

There has been a steady increase in research studying the role of gender in prosocial behavior, such as charitable giving and volunteering. We provide an extensive review of the interdisciplinary literature and derive hypotheses about three different pathways that lead men and women to differ in their display of giving and volunteering: pathways through social capital, motivations, and resources. We test these hypotheses across 19 countries by analyzing 28,410 individuals, using generalized structural equation models. Our results support previous research, conducted in single countries, that there are distinct different pathways that lead men and women to engage in giving and volunteering: Women report stronger motivations to help others, but men report more of the financial resources that make giving and volunteering possible. The gendered pathways to giving and volunteering that lead through social capital, educational achievement, and financial security vary by country.
Shaping the Piston–Cylinder Interfaces of Axial Piston Machines for Running in the High-Pressure Regime with Water as the Hydraulic Fluid
Authors: Ernst Meike , Ivantysynova Monika , Vacca Andrea
Published: January 2022

Water’s low viscosity renders it a poor lubricant, but its green footprint, non-toxicity, inflammability, and low cost make it a desirable hydraulic fluid. Axial piston machines running on water are commercially available, but, especially the larger units, do not operate in the high-pressure regime ( ≥300 bar). The present work investigates micro surface shaping as a design solution for the critical piston–cylinder interfaces of these units, which are particularly hard-struck by the low viscosity of water in that the pistons are subject to a heavy side load, and these interfaces cannot be hydrostatically balanced. Through virtual prototyping, the effect of two surface shapes at a high-pressure operating condition is studied for the case of a 75 cc commercial unit: first, the concave bore profile, which gives the bore surfaces through which the pistons travel the lengthwise cross-section of a circular arc, and second, the barrel piston profile, which bestows this cross-section on the piston running surface instead. The design studies conducted show that, on account of the manner in which the pistons of these machines deform over the high-pressure stroke, the concave bore profile is most able to improve overall load support when its apex is in the middle of the guide length, or shifted toward the displacement chamber. Furthermore, the concave bore profile outperforms the barrel piston profile, largely because when the piston’s axial movement takes its apex into the displacement chamber, this surface shape is no longer able to enhance the piston-bore surface conformity at the end of the interface bordering the displacement chamber that is conducive to hydrodynamic pressure buildup in that region.
Childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Presentation, management and long-term outcomes in an Australian cohort
Authors: Cann Megan P , Sage Anne M , McKinnon Elizabeth , Lee Senq-J , Tunbridge Deborah , Larkins Nicholas G , Murray Kevin J
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a serious autoimmune disease often resulting in major end-organ damage and increased mortality. Currently, no data exists focussing on the presentation, long-term management and progression of SLE in the Australian paediatric population. We conducted the first Australian longitudinal review of childhood SLE, focussing on response to treatment and outcomes.

Methods

Detailed clinical and laboratory data of 42 children diagnosed with SLE before 16 years from 1998 to 2018 resident in Western Australia was collected. Data was collected at diagnosis and key clinical review time points and compared using the Systemic Lupus Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) criteria. End organ damage was assessed against Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). Incidence rates of disease complications and end organ damage were determined.

Results

Of the 42 children, 88% were female with average age at diagnosis of 12.5 years. Indigenous Australians were over represented with an incidence rate 18-fold higher than non-Indigenous, although most children were Caucasian, reflecting the demographics of the Australian population. Median duration of follow-up was 4.25 years. On final review, 28.6% had developed cumulative organ damage as described by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (incidence rate: 0.08/PY (95% CI 0.04–0.14)), and one child died. Twenty-nine children had renal involvement (incidence rate: 0.38/PY (95% CI 0.26–0.56)). Of the 27 patients with biopsy proven lupus nephritis, 70% had Class III or IV disease. Average length of prednisolone use from diagnosis was 32.5 months. Hydroxychloroquine ( n = 36) and mycophenolate mofetil ( n =21) were the most widely used steroid sparing agents. 61.9% received rituximab and/or cyclophosphamide.

Conclusion

This is the first longitudinal retrospective review of Australian children with SLE, with a markedly higher incidence in Indigenous children. Although improving, rates of end organ complications remain high, similar to international cohort outcomes. Longitudinal multi-centre research is crucial to elucidate risk factors for poor outcomes, and identifying those warranting early more aggressive therapy.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments for the first episode of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: A study based on the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome registry
Authors: Quintana-López Gerardo , Rodríguez-Pintó Ignasi , Maldonado-Cañón Kevin , Gerard Espinosa  , Diaz-Rojas Jorge , Cervera Ricard
Published: January 2022

Background

Treatments for catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) rose from recommendations and consensus of international experts based on case series or case reports. We aimed to evaluate the treatment scheme with the best cost-effectiveness ratio associated with lower mortality as a high-impact clinical benefit.

Methods

The CAPS Registry was used as our source of structured data on the different therapeutic strategies, their frequency, and their effectiveness (survival). Starting from around 50 different schemes, we identified those with a mortality of less than 33% within the 18 most frequently utilized. After applying the efficiency frontier method, we included two schemes to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis from the Colombian healthcare sector perspective. Scheme 1 (Glucocorticoids + Anticoagulation + Anti-aggregation + Intravenous IgG immunoglobulin) and scheme 2 (Glucocorticoids + Anticoagulation + Anti-aggregation + Plasma exchange) were compared in terms of costs and survival. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (Monte Carlo simulation) were conducted to evaluate model robustness and uncertainty.

Results

Our analysis uses the information corresponding to 427 cases from the CAPS registry, the majority being women (68.8%), with a mean age of 45.7 years and bearing general mortality of 38.17% (female: 38.4%, male: 37.5%). Scheme 2 was the cost-effective strategy over scheme 1. The results were robust on discrete sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis (Monte Carlo simulation).

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first economic evaluation focused on the treatment of CAPS. For the Colombian health system, schemes 1 and 2 have similar behavior; nevertheless, scheme 2 represents the best cost-effectiveness ratio. This treatment approach is highly susceptible to the allocation of resources by the system and beneficial in terms of health outcomes.