bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Jawaban Alasan untuk Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Irwan Yusuf
Published: August 2022

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan menjelaskan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran fisika melalui Model Inkuiri Semi Terbimbing dengan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Jawaban Alasan (LKPDJA) dan mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan keaktifan dan hasil belajar fisika melalui Model Inkuiri Semi Terbimbing. Subyek  penelitian adalah siswa kelas XII IPA1 MA Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 sejumlah 31 siswa. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, angket dan pemberian tes. Hasil pembelajaran fisika dengan Model Inkuiri Semi Terbimbing dapat diterapkan dengan menggunakan LKPDJA secara berintegrasi menyeluruh. Pembelajaran konsep fisika secara inkuiri tidak diajarkan terpisah-pisah antara jawaban dan alasan, tapi terintegrasi secara menyeluruh sehingga aktivitas kerjasama yang terbangun adalah kerjasama untuk tujuan bersama menghasilkan pemahaman konsep fisika terbaru.
Impact of a Structured Report Template on the Quality of Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography Scan Reports for Small Bowel Diseases: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chen Jinghao , Zhou Jie , Gong Shenchu , Cong Ruochen , Xiao Jing , Xu Zhenyu , Yang Jushun
Published: August 2022

Background: The application of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) scan has improved the diagnosis of small bowel diseases (SBDs). Objectives: This study aimed to develop a structured report (SR) template for SBDs based on MSCT scans and to compare its value with free-text reports (FTRs) by radiologists with different levels of seniority in radiology. Patients and Methods: A total of 120 SBD cases were confirmed based on the clinical manifestations, surgery, colonoscopy, and pathology. An SR template for small bowel imaging was developed, and six radiologists were divided into inexperienced and experienced groups. Sixty cases with small intestinal MSCT data were available for FTRs and another 60 cases for SRs after training. The report accuracy, satisfaction, and completion time were compared between the two reporting methods. Results: The writing time of SRs was significantly shorter than that of FTRs. By using FTRs, the experienced group showed higher levels of sensitivity for all diseases (i.e., intestinal wall, intestinal peripheral artery, blood vessel, bone, and other abdominal organ diseases) (P < 0.05). The experienced group showed a low misdiagnosis rate for all diseases (P < 0.05), except for bone disease (P = 0.161). By using SRs, the experienced group only showed a low misdiagnosis rate for the intestinal wall disease (P < 0.05). High sensitivity for the intestinal wall disease (P < 0.05) and intestinal peripheral artery disease (P = 0.024), along with improved sensitivity for bone lesions (P < 0.05), was reported in this group. In the inexperienced group, SRs improved sensitivity for all diseases (P < 0.05), except for intestinal wall disease (P > 0.05). The satisfaction scores for both inexperienced and experienced groups improved by using SRs (4 vs. 2.6 for the inexperienced group and 4.1 vs. 3.2 for the experienced group; P < 0.05 for both). Conclusion: The SRs were superior to FTRs in terms of writing efficiency, accuracy, and satisfaction. They could improve the accuracy of inexperienced radiologists in diagnosis and help detect SBDs.
Resistance, Sinkage and Trim, Wave Profile, and Nominal Wake Tests and Uncertainty Assessment for DTMB Model 5512
Authors: Longo Joe , Stern Fred
Published: August 2022

Results from towing-tank experiments for David Taylor Model Basin model 5512 are presented for resistance, sinkage and trim, wave profile, and nominal wake tests and uncertainty assessment. The resistance and sinkage and trim data are for Froude numbers 0.05-0.45 and free-model condition. The wave profiles and nominal wake data are for Froude numbers 0.28 and 0.41 and fixed-model condition (at the dynamic sinkage and trim for each Fr). The test design, measurement systems, and uncertainty assessment are described. The uncertainty assessment methodology rigorously follows the AlAA Standard S-071-1995. The results are discussed with regard to the data ends and uncertainties, including Fr effects. Future work is mentioned. The data contributes to the surface-ship resistance and propulsion model-scale database for computational fluid dynamics validation, as part of an international collaborative project between Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, lstituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, and David Taylor Model Basin on experimental and computational fluid dynamics and uncertainty assessment for a combatant geometry.
Methuselah's Zoo
Authors: Austad Steven N.
Published: August 2022

Stories of long-lived animal species—from thousand-year-old tubeworms to 400-year-old sharks—and what they might teach us about human health and longevity.

Opossums in the wild don't make it to the age of three; our pet cats can live for a decade and a half; cicadas live for seventeen years (spending most of them underground). Whales, however, can live for two centuries and tubeworms for several millennia. Meanwhile, human life expectancy tops out around the mid-eighties, with some outliers living past 100 or even 110. Is there anything humans can learn from the exceptional longevity of some animals in the wild? In Methuselah's Zoo, Steven Austad tells the stories of some extraordinary animals, considering why, for example, animal species that fly live longer than earthbound species and why animals found in the ocean live longest of all.

Austad—the leading authority on longevity in animals—argues that the best way we will learn from these long-lived animals is by studying them in the wild. Accordingly, he proceeds habitat by habitat, examining animals that spend most of their lives in the air, comparing insects, birds, and bats; animals that live on, and under, the ground—from mole rats to elephants; and animals that live in the sea, including quahogs, carp, and dolphins.

Humans have dramatically increased their lifespan with only a limited increase in healthspan; we're more and more prone to diseases as we grow older. By contrast, these species have successfully avoided both environmental hazards and the depredations of aging. Can we be more like them?
On Freud
Authors: Fachinelli Elvio
Published: August 2022

Writings on Freud by Italy's leading psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.

Elvio Fachinelli was one of the most original and controversial Italian psychoanalysts of the twentieth century. He viewed psychoanalytic theory as inextricably linked to the concrete experience of everyday reality and as a crucial compass for understanding the social and political turmoil of his era. This compact volume collects Fachinelli's writing on Freud, offering readers both an accessible and engaging introduction to Freud's thinking and an overview of Fachinelli's own main ideas. Written between 1966 and 1989, these essays serve to introduce readers to some of the most provocative aspects of Fachinelli's critiques of psychoanalysis and society.

On Freud includes a long essay on Freud that weaves the theoretical foundations of psychoanalysis together with a surprising number of idiosyncratic observations about Freud the person. In it, Fachinelli offers a series of parallax perspectives: Freud the conquistador, who leads psychoanalysis to the exploration of new fields of knowledge; Freud the archaeologist, who discovers antithetical and incongruous elements in the territory of the unconscious; and Freud the Victorian, whose bourgeois values clashed with the revolutionary character of his discovery. Other essays include an assessment of psychoanalysis as a general social phenomenon that is increasingly showing its historical limits; a discussion of an encounter between Freud and the poet Rainer Maria Rilke; Fachinelli's pointed account of Freud's view of psychoanalysis for “the poor”; and an examination of the importance of the element of surprise—for both analyst and analysand—in analysis. Without surprise, Fachinelli writes, psychanalysis is just a “ministering and administering of knowledge, a repetition of the already known.”

This edition includes an authoritative survey of Fachinelli's work and insight into how it continues to be relevant today.
Behind Their Screens
Authors: Weinstein Emily , James Carrie
Published: August 2022

How teens navigate a networked world and how adults can support them.

What are teens actually doing on their smartphones? Contrary to many adults' assumptions, they are not simply “addicted” to their screens, oblivious to the afterlife of what they post, or missing out on personal connection. They are just trying to navigate a networked world. In Behind Their Screens, Emily Weinstein and Carrie James, Harvard researchers who are experts on teens and technology, explore the complexities that teens face in their digital lives, and suggest that many adult efforts to help—“Get off your phone!” “Just don't sext!”—fall short.

Weinstein and James warn against a single-minded focus by adults on “screen time.” Teens worry about dependence on their devices, but disconnecting means being out of the loop socially, with absence perceived as rudeness or even a failure to be there for a struggling friend. Drawing on a multiyear project that surveyed more than 3,500 teens, the authors explain that young people need empathy, not exasperated eye-rolling. Adults should understand the complicated nature of teens' online life rather than issue commands, and they should normalize—let teens know that their challenges are shared by others—without minimizing or dismissing. Along the way, Weinstein and James describe different kinds of sexting and explain such phenomena as watermarking nudes, comparison quicksand, digital pacifiers, and collecting receipts. Behind Their Screens offers essential reading for any adult who cares about supporting teens in an online world.
Mutual interaction between visual homeostatic plasticity and sleep in adult humans
Authors: Menicucci Danilo , Lunghi Claudia , Zaccaro Andrea , Morrone Maria Concetta , Gemignani Angelo
Published: August 2022

Sleep and plasticity are highly interrelated, as sleep slow oscillations and sleep spindles are associated with consolidation of Hebbian-based processes. However, in adult humans, visual cortical plasticity is mainly sustained by homeostatic mechanisms, for which the role of sleep is still largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that non-REM sleep stabilizes homeostatic plasticity of ocular dominance induced in adult humans by short-term monocular deprivation: the counterintuitive and otherwise transient boost of the deprived eye was preserved at the morning awakening (>6 hr after deprivation). Subjects exhibiting a stronger boost of the deprived eye after sleep had increased sleep spindle density in frontopolar electrodes, suggesting the involvement of distributed processes. Crucially, the individual susceptibility to visual homeostatic plasticity soon after deprivation correlated with the changes in sleep slow oscillations and spindle power in occipital sites, consistent with a modulation in early occipital visual cortex.
Zika virus causes placental pyroptosis and associated adverse fetal outcomes by activating GSDME
Authors: Zhao Zikai , Li Qi , Ashraf Usama , Yang Mengjie , Zhu Wenjing , Gu Jun , Chen Zheng , Gu Changqin , Si Youhui , Cao Shengbo , Ye Jing
Published: August 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, causing adverse fetal outcomes. Several studies have indicated that ZIKV can damage the fetal brain directly; however, whether the ZIKV-induced maternal placental injury contributes to adverse fetal outcomes is sparsely defined. Here, we demonstrated that ZIKV causes the pyroptosis of placental cells by activating the executor gasdermin E (GSDME) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TNF-α release is induced upon the recognition of viral genomic RNA by RIG-I, followed by activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 to ultimately escalate the GSDME cleavage. Further analyses revealed that the ablation of GSDME or treatment with TNF-α receptor antagonist in ZIKV-infected pregnant mice attenuates placental pyroptosis, which consequently confers protection against adverse fetal outcomes. In conclusion, our study unveils a novel mechanism of ZIKV-induced adverse fetal outcomes via causing placental cell pyroptosis, which provides new clues for developing therapies for ZIKV-associated diseases.
Automatic computer science domain multiple-choice questions generation based on informative sentences
Authors: Maheen Farah , Asif Muhammad , Ahmad Haseeb , Ahmad Shahbaz , Alturise Fahad , Asiry Othman , Ghadi Yazeed Yasin
Published: August 2022

Students require continuous feedback for effective learning. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are extensively used among various assessment methods to provide such feedback. However, manual MCQ generation is a tedious task that requires significant effort, time, and domain knowledge. Therefore, a system must be present that can automatically generate MCQs from the given text. The automatic generation of MCQs can be carried out by following three sequential steps: extracting informative sentences from the textual data, identifying the key, and determining distractors. The dataset comprising of various topics from the 9th and 11th-grade computer science course books are used in this work. Moreover, TF-IDF, Jaccard similarity, quality phrase mining, K-means, and bidirectional encoder representation from transformers techniques are utilized for automatic MCQs generation. Domain experts validated the generated MCQs with 83%, 77%, and 80% accuracy, key generation, and distractor generation, respectively. The overall MCQ generation achieved 80% accuracy through this system by the experts. Finally, a desktop app was developed that takes the contents in textual form as input, processes it at the backend, and visualizes the generated MCQs on the interface. The presented solution may help teachers, students, and other stakeholders with automatic MCQ generation.
Wilhelm II.: Archäologie und Politik um 1900. Edited by Thorsten Beigel and Sabine Mangold-Will
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: August 2022

Wilhelm II.: Archäologie und Politik um 1900. Edited by Thorsten Beigel and Sabine Mangold-Will. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2017. Pp. 140, illus. €39 (paper).
World of Image in Islamic Philosophy: Ibn Sīnā, Suhrawardī, Shahrazūrī, and Beyond. By L. W. C. van Lit
Authors: Janssens Jules
Published: August 2022

The World of Image in Islamic Philosophy: Ibn Sīnā, Suhrawardī, Shahrazūrī, and Beyond. By L. W. C. van Lit. Edinburgh Studies in Islamic Apocalypticism and Eschatology, vol. 2. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. Pp . viii + 278. $110, £75 .
Sībawayhi’s Principles: Arabic Grammar and Law in Early Islamic Thought. By Michael G. Carter
Authors: Ali Mohamed Mohamed Yunis
Published: August 2022

Sībawayhi’s Principles: Arabic Grammar and Law in Early Islamic Thought. By Michael G. Carter. Research in Arabic and Islamic Studies, vol. 5. Atlanta: Lockwood, 2016. Pp. xi + 273. $49.95 (paper).
Zauber und Magie im antiken Palästina und in seiner Umwelt. Edited by Jens Kamlah, Rolf Schäfer, and Markus Witte
Authors: Noegel Scott
Published: August 2022

Zauber und Magie im antiken Palästina und in seiner Umwelt. Edited by Jens Kamlah, Rolf Schäfer, and Markus Witte. Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, vol. 46. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2017. Pp. x + 565, 17 pls., CD-ROM. €78.
Opposition to Philosophy in Safavid Iran: Mulla Muḥammad-Ṭāhir Qummī’s Ḥikmat al-ʿĀrifīn. Edited by Ata Anzali and S. M. Hadi Gerami
Authors: Ghereglou Kioumars
Published: August 2022

Opposition to Philosophy in Safavid Iran: Mulla Muḥammad-Ṭāhir Qummī’s Ḥikmat al-ʿĀrifīn. Edited by Ata Anzali and S. M. Hadi Gerami. Islamicate Intellectual History, vol. 3. Leiden: Brill, 2018. Pp. ix + 56 + 402 (Ar.), illus. $138, €119.
Halberd at Red Cliff: Jian’an and the Three Kingdoms. By Xiaofei Tian
Authors: Blitstein Pablo A.
Published: August 2022

The Halberd at Red Cliff: Jian’an and the Three Kingdoms. By Xiaofei Tian. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, vol. 108. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard University, 2018. Pp. xvi + 454. $49.95.
Philosophy and Medicine in the Formative Period of Islam . Edited by Peter Adamson and Peter Pormann.
Authors: Fancy Nahyan
Published: August 2022

Philosophy and Medicine in the Formative Period of Islam. Edited by Peter Adamson and Peter Pormann. Warburg Institute Colloquia, vol. 31. London: The Warburg Institute, 2017. Pp. vi + 308. $80 (paper) .
Diamond Sutra Narratives: Textual Production and Lay Religiosity in Medieval China. By Chiew Hui Ho
Authors: Benn James A.
Published: August 2022

Diamond Sutra Narratives: Textual Production and Lay Religiosity in Medieval China. By Chiew Hui Ho. Sinica Leidensia, vol. 144. Leiden: Brill, 2019. Pp. xiv + 520. $159.
Anorectal Manometry Profile among Patients with Chronic Constipation and Faecal Incontinence in Western India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jat Shankar Lal , Maan Pratibha , Sharma Utkarsh , Sharma Vivek Mohan , Mathur Amit , Vijay Urvashi , Shihora Nidhi V
Published: August 2022

Introduction: About 50% of patients referred to tertiary care centre for constipation in the western countries have faecal evacuation disorder. A diagnosis of faecal evacuation disorder requires specialised investigations such as anorectal manometry. Anorectal manometry is a method to measure pressure exerted by the muscles in anus and rectum. Aim: To evaluate the characteristics of anorectal pressure in a cohort of western Indian patients with chronic constipation and faecal incontinence. Also, to evaluate the types of faecal evacuation disorders in patients with chronic constipation. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2022 at Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Medical College and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Total of 115 patients presented with chronic constipation and faecal incontinence, were included in the study. Sigmoidoscopy or full-length colonoscopy, Balloon Expulsion Test (BET) and anorectal manometry test were done in all the patients. Mean resting and squeeze pressure were measured by anorectal manometry. Continuous variables were summarised using means and standard deviations for normally distributed data. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Among 115, 62 were (53.9%) males and 53 (46.1%) females with mean age 51.9±16.2 years. In High Resolution Anorectal Manometry (HRAM), the mean resting anal pressure was 67.2±34.24 mmHg (range 14-183 mmHg) and mean squeeze pressure was 113.4±60.9 mmHg (range 30-290 mmHg). In present study type I dyssynergic defecations was most common with 20 (17.4%) patients. Conclusion: The present study showed that almost half of the patients had defecation disorders and type I dyssynergic defecations was most common, followed by type IV
STEM Education in China: A Five Years Review Report
Authors: Yu Xinyu , Yang Zezhong
Published: August 2022

Recently, with the rapid development of STEM education, a large number of related studies have emerged. To understand the latest research status and trend of STEM education, the author used the literature analysis method to sort out and analyze the high-quality STEM education articles in recent five years, and the results show that: Domestic STEM education studies mainly focus on the following four aspects: STEM education concept, STEM education development path, STEM education design, and empirical research on STEM education, research on STEM education has gradually shifted from conceptual research to practical research, such as paying attention to STEM teachers’ development, curriculum design, teaching model construction, etc. The advantage of previous research is that scholars have constructed many models to promote the development of STEM education practice, which provides support for promoting the localization of STEM education in China, but the development path of STEM education proposed by predecessors lacks top-down specific practices, there is less research on STEM textbook development and evaluation model, the scope of STEM education empirical research is narrow, and the research perspective is not broad enough. The review and analysis of STEM education in the past five years, helps readers and researchers to understand the current situation and frontier development direction of STEM education, identify the hot spots and reform trends of STEM education research, and promote further development of STEM education. Draw some enlightenment from it: future research needs to further promote practices, give specific development paths and top-down reform strategies based on existing research; increase empirical research on STEM education, provide a basis for educators to carry out STEM education practice, and promote sustainable development of STEM education.
Activity Preference, Demographic Characteristics, and Attitudes of the Students toward Physical Education at the University of Eastern Philippines
Authors: T. Graciano Merle
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to determine the activity preference, demographic characteristics, and attitudes of the students toward Physical Education at the University of Eastern Philippines. Specifically, it tried to determine the demographic characteristics of the respondents in terms of age, sex, income level, year level, and body build. It also identified the students’ activity preferences and level of attitudes towards physical education activities. Furthermore, it tried to find out if there was a significant relationship between the demographic characteristic and the preference of the students in physical education. It also investigated the significant relationship between the demographic characteristics of the respondents and their attitudes towards physical education activities. Finally, it attempted to find out if a significant relationship existed between the students’ preference and their attitudes toward physical education activities. The descriptive-correlational survey design was used in this study. A research instrument patterned from Jean Marie Cando was used in gathering the data which were tabulated and analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, weighted mean, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that most of the college students who were 16-17 years of age were dominated by females and were in the second-year level. Most of the students were ectomorphs. Hence, it can be said that they can be trained in a physical education activity. The UEP college students slightly preferred the activities in physical education. However, the preferred physical fitness and Philippine games considering that they can help develop strong bones and muscles needed for their growth. They slightly preferred rhythmic activities, individual/dual sports/games, team sports, and outdoor recreation. The rhythmic activities were more on folk dances, ballroom, and modern dance. They need artistry and skill in body movement. Those who had limited talents in dancing refrained from performing it. Most of the college student respondents favored physical education activities such as training for the women's Olympic team, physical fitness, callisthenic, and regular physical activities. However, some highly favored the value of physical activity as a skilled movement, as a way of participating in group activities, and to release emotional stress. This implies a favorable attitude toward physical education activities. Normally a bodybuilder needs to be trained in any form of physical body activities for a healthy and productive manpower resource.
AMMI Analysis for Stability and Genotype by Environment Interaction on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes in Mbeya Region, Tanzania
Authors: Tryphone George Muhamba , Bilaro Atugonza Luta
Published: August 2022

A significant Genotype by Environment Interaction (GEI) makes selection of stable genotypes difficult. This study was conducted to establish the effect of GEI on yield of Common bean genotypes and reduce complaints on the under performances. Eighteen (18) Common bean genotypes were assessed for variation in gene expression linked to yield and yield predictors on three different districts in Mbeya region (Mbarali, Mbozi and Mbeya districts).  Regression, pooled ANOVA and AMMI biplot models were used to evaluate the data. Variety performance showed significant variations in yield between the districts.  A similar scenario was observed in regard to yield predictors. Regression analysis showed that in Mbarali 50% was the significant yield predictor (P = 0.027) while pods/ plant was the trait mostly linked to yield in Mbozi. (GEI) analysis using the AMMI model revealed that best variety performance by location based on yield. Interaction principle component (IPC1) was highly significant (P = 0.0001) and contributed about 69.1% of GEI variation.  The genotypes SER 83 and RCB 266 where highly adaptable in Mbarali site.  The genotypes SER 45 and KG 521 showed specific interaction with the environment of Mbozi district. A total of five genotypes proved to be superior in Mbeya district.  The most adapted stable variety with highest grand mean yield across all three mega environments was RCB233 (IPC1= 0.07, yield = 1073 t/ha). The environment in Mbarali was found to be most predictable for evaluation of Common bean genotypes.
Influence of Limnological Processes and Water Level Variation on the Biodiversity of Brazilian Amazon Lakes: An Ecological Approach
Authors: Darwich Assad J. , Aprile Fabio
Published: August 2022

This research makes a brief review of the limnology of lakes in wetlands in the Western Amazon, associating physical-chemical and morphological aspects to the biodiversity of black-waters lakes and whitewaters lakes. Lakes in these areas can show different patterns of vertical stratification, both in dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature. Furthermore, there are different mixing patterns. These events depend mainly on the way lakes connect to rivers, the time and extent of flooding, as well as the water levels variation. The availability of nutrients, particularly of phosphate, controls the biodiversity of the lakes and it is directly related with the thermal stratification and oxygen level in water column. In general, the most of the Amazon floodplain lakes can be classified as polymictic. Nevertheless, there are lakes of black-waters with trend to meromixy with permanent stratification. Under these conditions, stratification of other limnological variables also occurs, e.g., pH and electrical conductivity. Consequently, black-waters lakes systems with high species richness result in contrast to whitewaters lakes systems with lower species richness and high abundance of specimens.
Neuropsychology and Genetics of Psychotropic Drug Users - Lithuanian COMT Gene Polymorphisms Frequencies
Authors: Ramonaite Daniele , Sinkevicius Liudas Vincentas , Serapinas Danielius
Published: August 2022

Background: Addiction is increasing worldwide, so there is a need to study the neuropsychology and genetics of the emergence of this process. In our study, we have focused on the characteristics of the COMT gene in psychotropic drug users.

Aim of the Study: Investigation of the frequency of COMT gene polymorphisms in psychotropic drug users in Lithuania  as well to review literature of addiction neuropsychology and genetics.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 73 patients aged 18 to 75 years.from InMedica Santariškės clinics who were tested for A (adenine), G (guanine) alleles and A/A, A/G and G/G COMT genotypes.

Results: The study analyzed the frequency of comt gene polymorphisms in in 73 psychotropic drug users. It was identified A/A genotypes in 17, A/G in 37, G/G in 19 participants.

Conclusion: In studied cohort we detected high rates of more rare A/A genotype , which is related to lower amount of COMT enzyme and in result higher catecholamines level.
Determination of Growth and Export Performance of Mango in India
Authors: Muthulakshmi K. , Thilagavathi M. , Shivakumar K. M. , Duraisamy M. R. , Kavino M. , Gowri M. Uma
Published: August 2022

India is one of the world's leading mango producers, generating more than half of the global supply. Mango exports from India in the year 2021-22 was 27,872.77 MT. Mangoes are accessible all year as fresh fruit and processed goods. However, in recent years India's export was failed to meet the international food safety requirements due to Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary problems. Hence, this study focussed on estimating the growth from 1991 to 2020 and the direction of mango exports from 2011 to 2020 from India. The time series data of mango area, production, productivity and export in quantity and value were collected from various publications like APEDA, Horticulture statistics at a glance. Over the entire period, production was significant at the one per cent level and the productivity of mangoes was increased. This study found that the export quantity and its value increased significantly and positively. But quantity was not equal in proportion to the growth rate of export in terms of value. The transition probability matrix revealed that UAE (United Arab Emirates) and Nepal were the stable markets for Indian mangoes, with trade retention of 59 and 22 per cent, respectively. This study suggested that developing norms for producing safe mangoes as knowledge advances would make it easier to grant, maintain and move forward with Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs).
Impact of Irrigation Practices on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Josepdam Irrigation Scheme
Authors: Adejumobi M. A. , Ojediran J. O. , Onofua O. E.
Published: August 2022

The importance of irrigation practice in food production cannot be over-emphasised, however irrigation practices impact soils and other environmental parameters negatively. This necessitates the need for continuous monitoring of the impacts of irrigation on soils and the general environment. A study was carried out on the Josepdam Irrigation Scheme (JIS) located in Bacita, Ilorin, Nigeria. This study was limited to the impact assessment of irrigation practices on the soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from irrigated lands at depths 0-20, 20-80 and 80-120 cm from 8 OLs on JIS using soil auger. During each season of collection, samples were kept in polyethylene bags and transported within 24 hours to the laboratory for analyses. The samples were analysed immediately according to ISRIC-FAO procedures for pH, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Exchangeable Sodium Percent (ESP), Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). The results indicated that the soil texture was sandy loam and sandy clay loam, In JIS, the pH of 7.2 at inception reduced to 4.6; SAR increased from 0.4 to 2.14 meq1/2 and CEC increased from 18 to 26 cmolkg-1. The impacts of irrigation on the soil was determined. The results of these evaluations were compared with FAO standards and past research results.
Exploring the Impact of Problem-Based Learning Approach on Students’ Performance in Solving Mathematical Problems under Circles (Geometry)
Authors: Mensah Yaw Ackaah , Atteh Evans , Boadi Augustine , Assan-Donkoh Isaac
Published: August 2022

This research work aimed to explore the impact of Problem-based Learning (PBL) approach of teaching mathematical problem solving in circles under geometry at Wiawso College of Education. The research design adopted for the study was action research and its main objective was to improve practices. The target population was level 100 students of the College and the population size was four hundred and nineteen (419) whilst the sample size was one hundred (100), comprising two (2) classes, which was selected based on purposive sampling. The instrument used for the study was tests. In the pre-intervention stage, a pre-test was used to identify the weaknesses of the students before the interventional strategies were applied. A post-test was conducted to evaluate the intervention strategies. The quantitative data was then analyzed using paired sample t-test, the means and their respective standard deviations, were calculated. The post-test mean scores of 21.40 (Standard deviation of 2.37) and 20.10 (Standard deviation of 2.85) is significantly higher than the pre-test mean scores of 7.40 (Standard deviation of 2.84) and 7.60 (Standard deviation of 3.53). The results of the study clearly showed that, there has been a remarkable improvement in the students’ performance in solving mathematical problem in circles under geometry, when they were taught using problem-based learning approach. A quiz was conducted six weeks after the post-test using the same test items to check students’ retention of the concept. The quiz mean scores of 21.90 (Standard deviation of 1.91) and 20.30 (Standard deviation of 2.58) is not significantly higher than the post-test mean scores of 21.40 (Standard deviation of 2.37) and 20.10 (Standard deviation of 2.85). The result showed that the students’ retention of the concept had been exceptionally good. The study recommended that teachers should be encouraged to employ problem-based learning approach in teaching geometry.
The Effects of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis on Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Acar Hasan Zafer , Akalın Arkın , Özen Minel
Published: August 2022

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) may affect the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical course and prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC).In this study, our aim is to increase awareness in these cases by revealing the different aspects of DTCs found with HT compared to only DTCs. For this purpose, current studies with HT+DTC cases were reviewed, compared, evaluated, and their differences from DTC cases were revealed. It was determined that HT+DTC cases showed different epidemiological features compared to only DTC cases. Ultrasonography is still the most effective noninvasive diagnostic method in HT+DTC cases. Many studies have shown that the presence of HT positively affects the clinical course and prognosis of DTC. HT+DTCs shows different epidemiological features from DTCs and HT significantly affects the pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical course and prognosis of DTCs.
Assessment of KAP among the Dental Practitioners towards Prosthetic Phase of Implant in Vidarbha Region of India: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Shinde Rakhi , Bhoyar Anjali , Sathe Seema , Jain Poorvi
Published: August 2022

Aims & Objectives: Implant therapy has become a significant part of day-to-today dental practice. Adequate knowledge of diagnostic as well as therapeutic options is therefore necessary for all general dental practitioners. The present study is designed to evaluate and assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of practitioners about the prosthetic phase of dental implant. As the dental implant therapy is emerging in Vidarbha region of India and lack of studies evaluating the same, we recommend that awareness regarding prosthetic phase will allow practitioners to offer extensive treatment options for patient with missing teeth using dental implants.

Materials and Methods: This is an observational questionnaire survey conducted among 210 General Dental Practitioners in Vidarbha Region of India. A google form validated questionnaires distributed to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice among the study participants. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 version software.

Results: A total of 210 dentists, nearly 69% of the participants had good knowledge of prosthetic phase of implant and majority of practitioners in the study had positive attitudes and practices toward the prosthetic phase of implant placement. Results were significant for KAP but co-relation between them was statistically not significant (p=0.12).

Conclusion: In overall, practitioners have a significant level of knowledge about the prosthetic phase of an implant. There is a limitation of practise and exposure of dentists in this field of prosthetics because the majority of practitioners have not placed enough implants. Implant training and prospective prosthetic rehabilitation are thus adjuvant learning aids that will improve general dental practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and practice.
The Impact of Training; Technology Adoption and Improvement of Livelihood of Trained Livestock Farmers in Different Zones of Bangladesh
Authors: Monira Kamrun Nahar , Sultana Nasrin , Rahman Md. Zillur , Amin Md. Ruhul
Published: August 2022

The study was conducted to examine the impact of training provided to livestock farmers facilitated by the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institue (BLRI) for transferring technology, adoption, and its impact on the livelihoods of trained farmers from July 2020 to June 2021. A Simple random sampling technique was used to select 80 trained livestock farmers from Dhamrai, Jessore Sadar, and Naikhongchhari Upazilas of Dhaka, Jessore, and Bandarban districts respectively. Data was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. The majority of respondents were male (66.25%) and the average age, year of schooling, and family members were 37.10±0.86, 9.05±0.24 years, and 5.10±0.19 respectively. Agriculture (72.50%) was the main occupation of livestock farmers. The average number of cattle and poultry was the highest in Dhamrai (5.83±0.20) and Jessore Sadar (727.20±54.79) Upazilas respectively. The livestock farmers were found moderately adopted to scientific management and technologies. However, in most of the cases, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) found between knowledge and skill level. It was also observed that after training all parameters of livelihood assets were improved. The annual income increased from BDT 181937.50±19169.98 to BDT 247637.50±20079.57. Thus, training was found to be moderately effective in disseminating knowledge and skill in technology and management of livestock and improving the livelihoods of the livestock farmers.
JUVENTUDE, TRABALHO E DESENVOLVIMENTO: elementos para uma agenda de investigação
Authors: Cardoso Adalberto
Published: August 2022

A crise econômica pós-2008, acompanhada de grandes protestos sociais em toda parte, acendeu a luz vermelha nos países mais ricos quanto às oportunidades de trabalho e estudo dos jovens. Aumentou muito a proporção daqueles que não estudam nem trabalham, em especial na Espanha e na Grécia, mas o fenômeno é disseminado nos países mais ricos. O artigo mostra que, no Brasil, a condição “nem nem” é estrutural, e propõe um modelo analítico de explicação das transformações ocorridas entre 2000 e 2010. Sugere que as mudanças estruturais por que passou o país e as políticas públicas de redução de barreiras ao acesso à escola e ao mercado de trabalho reduziram o impacto das desigualdades regionais e aumentaram o peso da pobreza na explicação da condição “nem nem” dos jovens. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Juventude. Mercado de trabalho. Mudanças estruturais. Condição “nem nem”. Modelos causais. YOUTH, WORK AND DEVELOPMENT: elements for an investigation agenda Adalberto Cardoso The post-2008 economic crisis, accompanied by large social protests everywhere, turned on a stop light in the richer countries in terms of work and study opportunities for young people. The number of youth who neither study nor work increased greatly, especially in Spain and Greece, but this phenomenon has spread to the wealthier countries. This article shows that in Brazil the “nem nem” (neither nor) condition is structural and it proposes an analytical model to explain the transformations that occurred from 2000 to 2010.  It suggest that the structural changes that the country went through and the public policies to lower the barriers to enter schools and the labor market reduced the impact of regional inequalities but increased the burden of poverty in explaining the “nem nem” condition of young people. KEY WORDS: Youth. Labor market. Structural changes. “Nem nem” condition. Causal models. JEUNESSE, TRAVAIL ET DÉVELOPPEMENT: éléments pour un programme d’investigation Adalberto Cardoso La crise économique d’après 2008, accompagnée un peu partout de grandes protestations sociales, a déclenché un signal d’alarme dans les pays plus riches quant aux opportunités de travail et d’étude pour les jeunes. Le nombre de ceux qui n’étudient ni ne travaillent a beaucoup augmenté, tout spécialement en Espagne et en Grèce, mais le phénomène s’est très répandu dans les pays riches. L’article montre qu’au Brésil la condition « ni-ni » est structurelle et propose un modèle analytique pour expliquer les changements survenus entre 2000 et 2010. Il montre que les changements structuraux subis par les pays et les politiques publiques de réduction des barrières d’accès à l’école et au marché de travail ont réduit l’impact des inégalités régionales et ont augmenté le fardeau de la pauvreté capable d’expliquer la condition de « ni-ni » des jeunes. MOTS-CLÉS: Jeunesse. Marché du Travail. Changements structuraux. Condition “ni ni”. Modèles de causalité. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Interstitial Flow Promotes the Formation of Functional Microvascular Networks In Vitro through Upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2
Authors: Zhang Shun , Wan Zhengpeng , Pavlou Georgios , Zhong Amy X. , Xu Liling , Kamm Roger D.
Published: August 2022

Self‐organized microvascular networks (MVNs) have become key to the development of many microphysiological models. However, the self‐organizing nature of this process combined with variations between types or batches of endothelial cells (ECs) often lead to inconsistency or failure to form functional MVNs. Because interstitial flow (IF) has been reported to play a beneficial role in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and 3D capillary morphogenesis, the role IF plays during neovessel formation in a customized single‐channel microfluidic chip for which IF has been fully characterized is systematically investigated. Compared to static conditions, MVNs formed under IF have higher vessel density and diameters and greater network perfusability. Through a series of inhibitory experiments, this study demonstrates that IF treatment improves vasculogenesis by ECs through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2). This study then successfully implements a novel strategy involving the interplay between IF and MMP‐2 inhibitor to regulate morphological parameters of the self‐organized MVNs, with vascular permeability and perfusability well maintained. The revealed mechanism and proposed methodology are further validated with a brain MVN model. The findings and methods have the potential to be widely utilized to boost the development of various organotypic MVNs and can be incorporated into related bioengineering applications where perfusable vasculature is desired.
Complex developmental and transcriptional dynamics underlie pollinator‐driven evolutionary transitions in nectar spur morphology in Aquilegia (columbine)
Authors: Edwards Molly B. , Ballerini Evangeline S. , Kramer Elena M.
Published: August 2022

Premise

Determining the developmental programs underlying morphological variation is key to elucidating the evolutionary processes that generated the stunning biodiversity of the angiosperms. Here, we characterized the developmental and transcriptional dynamics of the elaborate petal nectar spur of Aquilegia (columbine) in species with contrasting pollination syndromes and spur morphologies.

Methods

We collected petal epidermal cell number and length data across four Aquilegia species, two with short, curved nectar spurs of the bee‐pollination syndrome and two with long, straight spurs of the hummingbird‐pollination syndrome. We also performed RNA‐seq on A. brevistyla (bee) and A. canadensis (hummingbird) distal and proximal spur compartments at multiple developmental stages. Finally, we intersected these data sets with a previous QTL mapping study on spur length and shape to identify new candidate loci.

Results

The differential growth between the proximal and distal surfaces of curved spurs is primarily driven by differential cell division. However, independent transitions to straight spurs in the hummingbird syndrome have evolved by increasing differential cell elongation between spur surfaces. The RNA‐seq data reveal these tissues to be transcriptionally distinct and point to auxin signaling as being involved with the differential cell elongation responsible for the evolution of straight spurs. We identify several promising candidate genes for future study.

Conclusions

Our study, taken together with previous work in Aquilegia, reveals the complexity of the developmental mechanisms underlying trait variation in this system. The framework we established here will lead to exciting future work examining candidate genes and processes involved in the rapid radiation of the genus.
Segmental basaloid follicular hamartomas derive from a post‐zygotic SMO p.L412F pathogenic variant and express hair follicle development‐related proteins in a pattern that distinguish them from basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Atzmony Lihi , Ugwu Nelson , Bercovitch Lionel G. , Robinson‐Bostom Leslie , Ko Christine J. , Myung Peggy , Choate Keith A.
Published: August 2022

Basaloid follicular hamartomas (BFH) are benign small basaloid skin tumors that can present as solitary or multiple lesions. Congenital BFH lesions arranged in a segmental distribution have been described, suggesting they derive from a somatic post‐zygotic mutational event. Previously, BFH were described in Happle‐Tinschert syndrome, which results from a post‐zygotic SMO variant and is characterized by segmental BFH with variable involvement of the teeth, skeleton, and central nervous system. Here, we describe two patients with isolated segmental BFH and no systemic involvement. Paired whole exome sequencing of BFH and normal tissue revealed a pathogenic SMO c.1234 C>T, p.L412F variant restricted to BFH tissue. We characterized the proliferation index and expression of Hedgehog and Wnt/beta‐catenin pathway related proteins in segmental BFH compared to sporadic basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and found that segmental BFH had a lower proliferation index. Although segmental BFH expressed a similar level of Gli‐1 compared to BCCs, levels of LEF‐1 and SOX‐9 expression in BFH were weaker for both and patchier for LEF‐1. Our results show that a somatic SMO activating variant causes segmental BFH. Since these patients are prone to developing BCCs, differences in SOX9, LEF1, and Ki‐67 expression can help distinguish between these two basaloid lesions.
Selective Monoethynylation of 2‐Oxoacetamides Using Calcium Carbide as a Concise Solid Alkyne Source
Authors: Wang Yue , Wen Fei , Li Zheng
Published: August 2022

An efficient selective monoethynylation of 2‐oxoacetamides using calcium carbide as a concise solid alkyne source is described. A series of multifunctional compounds, 2‐hydroxybut‐3‐ynamides, are synthesized by this strategy. The salient features of this protocol are the use of inexpensive and easy‐to‐handle solid alkyne source as a surrogate of inflammable and explosive gaseous acetylene, transition‐metal‐free and mild condition, wide scope of substrates, high selectivity, high yield, and simple work‐up procedure.