bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioural responses of voles to simulated risk of predation by a native and an alien mustelid: an odour manipulation experiment
Authors: Fey Karen , Banks Peter B. , Ylönen Hannu , Korpimäki Erkki
Published: June 2010

Context. Potential mammalian prey commonly use the odours of their co-evolved predators to manage their risks of predation. But when the risk comes from an unknown source of predation, odours might not be perceived as dangerous, and anti-predator responses may fail, except possibly if the alien predator is of the same archetype as a native predator.
Aims. In the present study we examined anti-predator behavioural responses of voles from the outer archipelagos of the Baltic Sea, south-western Finland, where they have had no resident mammalian predators in recent history.
Methods. We investigated responses of field voles (Microtus agrestis) to odours of native least weasels (Mustela nivalis) and a recently invading alien predator, the American mink (Mustela vison), in laboratory. We also studied the short-term responses of free-ranging field voles and bank voles (Myodes glareolus) to simulated predation risk by alien mink on small islands in the outer archipelago of the Baltic Sea.
Key results. In the laboratory, voles avoided odour cues of native weasel but not of alien mink. It is possible that the response to mink is a context dependent learned response which could not be induced in the laboratory, whereas the response to weasel is innate. In the field, however, voles reduced activity during their normal peak-activity times at night as a response to simulated alien-mink predation risk. No other shifts in space use or activity in safer microhabitats or denser vegetation were apparent.
Conclusions. Voles appeared to recognise alien minks as predators from their odours in the wild. However, reduction in activity is likely to be only a short-term immediate response to mink presence, which is augmented by longer-term strategies of habitat shift. Because alien mink still strongly suppresses vole dynamics despite these anti-predator responses, we suggest that behavioural naiveté may be the primary factor in the impact of an alien predator on native prey.
Implications. Prey naiveté has long been considered as the root cause of the devastating impacts of alien predators, whereby native prey simply fail to recognise and respond to the novel predation risk. Our results reveal a more complex form of naiveté whereby native prey appeared to recognise alien predators as a threat but their response is ultimately inadequate. Thus, recognition alone is unlikely to afford protection for native prey from alien-predator impacts. Thus, management strategies that, for example, train prey in recognition of novel threats must induce effective responses if they are expected to succeed.
Evaluating habitat quality of vertebrates using conservation physiology tools
Authors: Homyack Jessica A.
Published: June 2010

Studies examining how wildlife populations perceive and respond to habitat are common, and many attempt to understand how the quality of available habitats influences population processes such as survival and recruitment. Traditional methods to estimate habitat quality (e.g. population density) have not led to great advancement in our understanding of relationships between habitat and fitness in recent years. Metrics from the discipline of conservation physiology could help researchers to address these difficulties and to meet the challenges that habitat alteration poses to biodiversity. Incorporating physiological metrics that relate energetics or environmental stress to habitats may be powerful measures of habitat quality. By quantifying field metabolic rates, body condition, or concentrations of stress hormones in individual organisms, researchers may identify mechanisms associated with habitat that underlie observed patterns in vital rates (survival and fecundity). Physiological metrics offer useful tools that may identify mechanisms of habitat quality and detect the causes of declines in biodiversity. However, integration among physiologists, ecologists and conservation biologists will require new partnerships and approaches to respond to complex ecological issues.
Measuring female aggregation in ungulate mating-system research: a red deer case study
Authors: Pérez-González Javier , Carranza Juan , Polo Vicente
Published: June 2010

Context. Mating systems are of central importance to the operation of sexual selection, with consequences for evolution and for the maintenance of genetic diversity. Female aggregation is one of the most important elements of mating systems because female distribution can influence the degree of polygyny. Measuring female aggregation requires finding the scale for the distribution pattern. Several spatial methods can be used to determine the scale of a point pattern; however, only one of them has been applied to mating-system research. Aims. Here, we assess three different spatial methods to determine the best one in finding the scale of female distribution for female-aggregation measures in a mating-system context. Methods. We describe and compare the spatial methods by applying them to 30 Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) populations. We use spatial analyses for point patterns. Key results. Ripley’s K analysis was found to be the best method for determining the scale of female distribution and for quantifying female-aggregation parameters in our populations. Conclusions. Ripley’s K analysis, a distance method based on circles centred in individuals and that is widely used in ecological studies, allows the estimation of female aggregation and, hence, it can be used to measure sexual selection. Implications. This work describes the use of a distance method that can be applied to mating-system research (at least for ungulate populations) to obtain models with behavioural and evolutionary implications.
The short-term responses of small mammals to wildfire in semiarid mallee shrubland, Australia
Authors: Kelly Luke T. , Nimmo Dale G. , Spence-Bailey Lisa M. , Clarke Michael F. , Bennett Andrew F.
Published: June 2010

Context. Wildfire is a major driver of the structure and function of mallee eucalypt- and spinifex-dominated landscapes. Understanding how fire influences the distribution of biota in these fire-prone environments is essential for effective ecological and conservation-based management.
Aims. We aimed to (1) determine the effects of an extensive wildfire (118 000 ha) on a small mammal community in the mallee shrublands of semiarid Australia and (2) assess the hypothesis that the fire-response patterns of small mammals can be predicted by their life-history characteristics.
Methods. Small-mammal surveys were undertaken concurrently at 26 sites: once before the fire and on four occasions following the fire (including 14 sites that remained unburnt). We documented changes in small-mammal occurrence before and after the fire, and compared burnt and unburnt sites. In addition, key components of vegetation structure were assessed at each site.
Key results. Wildfire had a strong influence on vegetation structure and on the occurrence of small mammals. The mallee ningaui, Ningaui yvonneae, a dasyurid marsupial, showed a marked decline in the immediate post-fire environment, corresponding with a reduction in hummock-grass cover in recently burnt vegetation. Species richness of native small mammals was positively associated with unburnt vegetation, although some species showed no clear response to wildfire.
Conclusions. Our results are consistent with the contention that mammal responses to fire are associated with their known life-history traits. The species most strongly affected by wildfire, N. yvonneae, has the most specific habitat requirements and restricted life history of the small mammals in the study area. The only species positively associated with recently burnt vegetation, the introduced house mouse, Mus domesticus, has a flexible life history and non-specialised resource requirements.
Implications. Maintaining sources for recolonisation after large-scale wildfires will be vital to the conservation of native small mammals in mallee ecosystems.
The genetic mating system, male reproductive success and lack of selection on male traits in the greater bilby
Authors: Miller Emily J. , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Thomas Neil , Marlow Nicola , Herbert Catherine A.
Published: June 2010

The greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) is the sole remaining species of desert bandicoot on the Australian mainland. The mating system of this species remains poorly understood, due to the bilby’s cryptic nature. We investigated the genetic mating system of the greater bilby in a five-year study of a semi-free-ranging captive population that simulated their wild environment. Morphological traits were examined to determine whether these influenced patterns of male reproductive success and whether selection was acting on them. In any given year more than half the males (59.2 ± 9.3%) failed to sire any offspring. Approximately 70% of sires fathered one offspring, and 30% two or three offspring. Since paternity was not dominated by few males, and given the species’ solitary nature, lack of territoriality and large home ranges, it is likely that males adopt a roving strategy to find receptive females. These results are consistent with an overlap promiscuous mating system. Sires and non-sires could not be distinguished by their morphological traits, and there was no evidence for strong linear or non-linear selection on male traits. These data increase our understanding of bandicoot life-history traits and will assist conservation and management efforts.
Ecology of the rare but irruptive Pilliga mouse, Pseudomys pilligaensis. III. Dietary ecology
Authors: Tokushima Hideyuki , Jarman Peter J.
Published: June 2010

The diet of the Pilliga mouse, Pseudomys pilligaensis, was analysed from 430 faecal samples collected from ~340 individuals across different seasons over a period of five years that included a wild fire and subsequent irruption and sharp decline of the population. The primary food items in all seasons were seeds and fruits from diverse plant species, but the mice also consumed a wide range of other foods, including leaves, invertebrates, fungi and mosses. Invertebrates, the second most abundant type of food item, were eaten in all seasons but, with fungi, increased in winter and spring when consumption of seeds and fruits declined. Mice consumed significantly more fungi and mosses before the wild fire than after it. Diets differed between sites rather little in the proportions of food categories, but greatly in the relative proportions of particular seed types in the seed+fruit category. The population irruption could have been triggered by a high reproductive rate that coincided with higher consumption by females of protein-rich foods such as invertebrates and fungi. Population density collapsed at sites as soil stores of utilisable seeds became depleted, mice surviving where their diet could remain diverse.
Copulation, mating system and sexual dimorphism in an Australian millipede, Cladethosoma clarum
Authors: Rowe Melissah
Published: June 2010

Investigations of millipede mating dynamics have focussed primarily on Old World or North American species. In contrast, data for the diverse and abundant polydesmid millipedes of Australia are lacking. Here I examine copulation, behaviour and sexual dimorphism in an Australian millipede, Cladethosoma clarum. In this species, copula position is best described as ‘in parallel’. Both females and males mated with two or more individuals of the opposite sex, and average copulation duration was 4.7 min. Behavioural observations revealed differences between the sexes in patterns of behaviour. Specifically, females devoted most of their time to feeding, whereas males were more mobile and were observed walking more often than females. The sexes also exhibited marked sexual dimorphism in that females exhibited greater body width and body mass compared with males, whereas males had longer legs relative to females. In millipedes, longer legs allow an individual to walk faster. Consequently, male C. clarum appear to be capable of relatively rapid locomotion. As Australian millipede densities are spatially unpredictable, the increased mobility of males likely reflects an active mate-location strategy. Furthermore, the occurrence of multiple mating by females suggests that male leg length may have evolved as an adaptation for rapid mate location under scramble competition polygyny.
Australian fur seals establish haulout sites and a breeding colony in South Australia
Authors: Shaughnessy Peter D. , McKenzie Jane , Lancaster Melanie L. , Goldsworthy Simon D. , Dennis Terry E.
Published: June 2010

Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) breed on Bass Strait islands in Victoria and Tasmania. They have been recorded in South Australia (SA) for many years as non-breeding visitors and on Kangaroo Island frequently since 1988, mostly in breeding colonies of the New Zealand fur seal (A. forsteri) which is the most numerous pinniped in SA. Australian fur seals have displaced New Zealand fur seals from sections of the Cape Gantheaume colony on Kangaroo Island. North Casuarina Island produced 29 Australian fur seal pups in February 2008. Australian fur seal pups were larger than New Zealand fur seal pups in the same colony and have been identified genetically using a 263-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region. North Casuarina Island has been an important breeding colony of New Zealand fur seals, but pup numbers there decreased since 1992–93 (contrary to trends in SA for New Zealand fur seals), while numbers of Australian fur seals there have increased. This study confirms that Australian fur seals breed in SA. The two fur seal species compete for space onshore at several sites. Australian fur seals may compete for food with endangered Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) because both are bottom feeders.
Sean Morrison: A root and branch approach to stem cells
Authors: Short Ben
Published: June 2010

Morrison compares different stem cells to understand the mechanisms that regulate regeneration, cancer, and aging.
Vinculin potentiates E-cadherin mechanosensing and is recruited to actin-anchored sites within adherens junctions in a myosin II–dependent manner
Authors: le Duc Quint , Shi Quanming , Blonk Iris , Sonnenberg Arnoud , Wang Ning , Leckband Deborah , de Rooij Johan
Published: June 2010

Cell surface receptors integrate chemical and mechanical cues to regulate a wide range of biological processes. Integrin complexes are the mechanotransducers between the extracellular matrix and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By analogy, cadherin complexes may function as mechanosensors at cell–cell junctions, but this capacity of cadherins has not been directly demonstrated. Furthermore, the molecular composition of the link between E-cadherin and actin, which is needed to sustain such a function, is unresolved. In this study, we describe nanomechanical measurements demonstrating that E-cadherin complexes are functional mechanosensors that transmit force between F-actin and E-cadherin. Imaging experiments reveal that intercellular forces coincide with vinculin accumulation at actin-anchored cadherin adhesions, and nanomechanical measurements show that vinculin potentiates the E-cadherin mechanosensory response. These investigations directly demonstrate the mechanosensory capacity of the E-cadherin complex and identify a novel function for vinculin at cell–cell junctions. These findings have implications for barrier function, morphogenesis, cell migration, and invasion and may extend to all soft tissues in which classical cadherins regulate cell–cell adhesion.
Clearance of apoptotic cells: implications in health and disease
Authors: Elliott Michael R. , Ravichandran Kodi S.
Published: June 2010

Recent advances in defining the molecular signaling pathways that regulate the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells have improved our understanding of this complex and evolutionarily conserved process. Studies in mice and humans suggest that the prompt removal of dying cells is crucial for immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Failed or defective clearance has emerged as an important contributing factor to a range of disease processes. This review addresses how specific molecular alterations of engulfment pathways are linked to pathogenic states. A better understanding of the apoptotic cell clearance process in healthy and diseased states could offer new therapeutic strategies.
Differentially altered Ca2+ regulation and Ca2+ permeability in Cx26 hemichannels formed by the A40V and G45E mutations that cause keratitis ichthyosis deafness syndrome
Authors: Sánchez Helmuth A. , Meşe Gülistan , Srinivas Miduturu , White Thomas W. , Verselis Vytas K.
Published: June 2010

Mutations in GJB2, which encodes Cx26, are one of the most common causes of inherited deafness in humans. More than 100 mutations have been identified scattered throughout the Cx26 protein, most of which cause nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness. In a subset of mutations, deafness is accompanied by hyperkeratotic skin disorders, which are typically severe and sometimes fatal. Many of these syndromic deafness mutations localize to the amino-terminal and first extracellular loop (E1) domains. Here, we examined two such mutations, A40V and G45E, which are positioned near the TM1/E1 boundary and are associated with keratitis ichthyosis deafness (KID) syndrome. Both of these mutants have been reported to form hemichannels that open aberrantly, leading to “leaky” cell membranes. Here, we quantified the Ca2+ sensitivities and examined the biophysical properties of these mutants at macroscopic and single-channel levels. We find that A40V hemichannels show significantly impaired regulation by extracellular Ca2+, increasing the likelihood of aberrant hemichannel opening as previously suggested. However, G45E hemichannels show only modest impairment in regulation by Ca2+ and instead exhibit a substantial increase in permeability to Ca2+. Using cysteine substitution and examination of accessibility to thiol-modifying reagents, we demonstrate that G45, but not A40, is a pore-lining residue. Both mutants function as cell–cell channels. The data suggest that G45E and A40V are hemichannel gain-of-function mutants that produce similar phenotypes, but by different underlying mechanisms. A40V produces leaky hemichannels, whereas G45E provides a route for excessive entry of Ca2+. These aberrant properties, alone or in combination, can severely compromise cell integrity and lead to increased cell death.
Analogues of Treybig’s product theorem
Authors: Tuncali H. Murat
Published: June 2010

L. B. Treybig proved that a continuous Hausdorff image of a compact ordered space does not contain a nonmetric product of compact, infinite spaces. Analogous results hold for the images of rim-countable continua and locally connected, rim-scattered continua.
Products of infinite-dimensional spaces
Authors: Rohm Dale M.
Published: June 2010

Observations concerning the product of R. Pol’s weakly infinite-dimensional uncountable-dimensional compactum with various spaces are made. A proof showing that the product of a

C
C

-space and a compact

C
C

-space is again a

C
C

-space is given. Related questions, motivated by this result, are asked.
The topological entropy of homeomorphisms on one-dimensional continua
Authors: Seidler Gerald T.
Published: June 2010

We show that the topological entropy of every homeomorphism on a regular curve is zero. Also, we show the existence of nonrational curves admitting homeomorphisms with nonzero topological entropy.
A nonlinear Perron-Frobenius theorem
Authors: Sine Robert
Published: June 2010

If

T
T

is a nonexpansive map on a domain in a finite-dimensional sup norm space then there is a universal bound on the periods of periodic points. This yields the same result for

T
T

nonexpansive on a domain in a finite-dimensional Banach space which has a polyhedral unit ball. Similar results are obtained for certain nonexpansive maps defined on all of an infinite-dimensional

L
p

{L_p}

space with

1
>
p
>
∞

1 > p > \infty

.
An unboundedness property for norms of length ≥𝜔₂
Authors: Jackson Steve
Published: June 2010

We prove from the axiom of determinacy that for every norm

φ
\varphi

from a set of reals

A
A

onto

ω
2

{\omega _2}

there is a

Σ
1
1

\Sigma _1^1

subset of

A
A

coding uncountably many ordinals. This extends a result of Kechris.
Countable paracompactness of Pixley-Roy hyperspaces
Authors: Tanaka Hidenori
Published: June 2010

In this paper, for the Pixley-Roy hyperspace

F

[
M
]

\mathcal {\mathcal {F}}[M]

of a separable metric space

M
M

, it will be shown that

F

[
M
]

\mathcal {F}[M]

is countably paracompact if and only if

F

[
M

]
n

\mathcal {F}{[M]^n}

is countably paracompact for each

n
∈
N

n \in N

if and only if

M
M

is a strong

Δ
\Delta

-set. This gives an affirmative answer to D. J. Lutzer’s problem.
On unitary invariant ideals in the algebra of compact operators
Authors: Varga József V.
Published: June 2010

Lie ideals are constructed, which are ideals in the algebra of compact operators but not ideals in the algebra of bounded operators, thus settling a question of C. K. Fong and H. Radjavi in the negative.
Splitting theorem for homology of 𝐺𝐿(𝑅)
Authors: Betley Stanisław
Published: June 2010

It is proved that if

{

M
n

}

\left \{ {{M_n}} \right \}

is a stable system of coefficients for

G

l

n

(
R
)

{\text {G}}{{\text {l}}_n}\left ( R \right )

and

H
0

(

Gl

(
R
)

,

lim

(

M
n

)

)

{H_0}\left ( {{\text {Gl}}\left ( R \right ),{\text {lim}}\left ( {{M_n}} \right )} \right )

contains

Z

{\mathbf {Z}}

, then for any

j
j

, the group

H
j

(

Gl

(
R
)

,

lim

(

M
n

)

)

{H_j}\left ( {{\text {Gl}}\left ( R \right ),{\text {lim}}\left ( {{M_n}} \right )} \right )

contains

H
j

(

Gl

(
R
)

,
Z

)

{H_j}\left ( {{\text {Gl}}\left ( R \right ),Z} \right )

as a direct summand. Now let

Gl

(

Z

)

{\text {Gl}}\left ( {\mathbf {Z}} \right )

act on

M

(

Z

)

M\left ( {\mathbf {Z}} \right )

(matrices over

Z

{\mathbf {Z}}

) by conjugation. Then our theorem implies that the trace map

tr:

M

(

Z

)

→

Z

{\text {tr:}}M\left ( {\mathbf {Z}} \right ) \to {\mathbf {Z}}

is a split epimorphism on homology.
On automorphisms of free pro-𝑝-groups. I
Authors: Herfort Wolfgang N. , Ribes Luis
Published: June 2010

Let

F
F

be a (topologically) finitely generated free pro-

p
p

-group, and

β
\beta

an automorphism of

F
F

. If

p
≠
2

p \ne 2

and the order of

β
\beta

is 2, then there is some basis of

F
F

such that

β
\beta

either fixes or inverts its elements. If

p
p

does not divide the order of

β
\beta

, then the subgroup of

F
F

of all elements fixed by

β
\beta

is (topologically) infinitely generated; however this is not always the case if

p
p

divides the order of

β
\beta

.
On asymptotic behavior of the mass of rays
Authors: Shioya Takashi
Published: June 2010

We consider the measure of the set of all unit vectors tangent to rays emanating from a point

p
p

in a finitely connected complete open Riemannian

2
2

-manifold

M
M

. If

M
M

with one end admits total curvature

c
(
M
)

c(M)

, then this measure tends to

min
{
2
π
χ
(
M
)
−
c
(
M
)
,
2
π
}

\min \{ 2\pi \chi (M) - c(M),2\pi \}

as

p
p

tends to infinity, where

χ
(
M
)

\chi (M)

is the Euler characteristic.
Paracompact product spaces defined by ultrafilters over the index set
Authors: Lawrence L. Brian
Published: June 2010

Let

ω
=
{
0
,
1
,
…
}

\omega = \{ 0,1, \ldots \}

, and suppose that for each

i
∈
ω
,

C
i

i \in \omega ,{C_i}

is a compact Hausdorff space with weight

≤
c

\leq c

. A filter over

ω
\omega

defines a topology on

∏

i
∈
ω

C
i

\prod \nolimits _{i \in \omega } {{C_i}}

. We prove that the continuum hypothesis implies the existence of ultrafilters over

ω
\omega

for which the corresponding product space on

∏

i
∈
ω

C
i

\prod \nolimits _{i \in \omega } {{C_i}}

is paracompact. Moreover, we show that every

P

{\mathbf {P}}

-point in

β
ω
−
ω

\beta \omega - \omega

is an ultrafilter with this property. Since box products appear as closed subspaces of ultrafilter products, our theorem extends results of Mary Ellen Rudin (1972) and Kenneth Kunen (1978).
Topological reflections revisited
Authors: Trnková V. , Adámek J. , Rosický J.
Published: June 2010

Two full reflective subcategories of

J

o
p

{\mathcal {J}_{op}}

are constructed whose intersection is not reflective.
A characterization of compact surfaces with constant mean curvature
Authors: Umehara Masaaki
Published: June 2010

Surfaces in a

3
3

-space of constant curvature, whose arbitrary sufficiently small open subsets admit a non-trivial isometric deformation preserving the mean curvature function, are called locally

H
H

-deformable. It is well known that surfaces with constant mean curvature which are not totally umbilical are all locally

H
H

-deformable. Conversely, we shall show in this paper that any compact locally

H
H

-deformable surface has constant mean curvature.
Starshaped unions and nonempty intersections of convex sets in 𝑅^{𝑑}
Authors: Breen Marilyn
Published: June 2010

Let

G

\mathcal {G}

be a nonempty family of compact convex sets in

R
d

,
d
≥
1

{R^d},d \geq 1

. Then every subfamily of

G

\mathcal {G}

consisting of

d
+
1

d + 1

or fewer sets has a starshaped union if and only if

∩
{
G
:
G

 in 

G

}
≠
∅

\cap \{ G:G{\text { in }}\mathcal {G}\} \ne \emptyset

.
Wiener transformation on functions with bounded averages
Authors: Chen Yong Zhuo , Lau Ka-Sing
Published: June 2010

The Wiener transformation (integrated Fourier transformation) on the space
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper B squared equals StartSet f colon double-vertical-bar f double-vertical-bar equals sup Underscript upper T greater-than-or-equal-to 1 Endscripts left-parenthesis StartFraction 1 Over 2 upper T EndFraction integral Subscript negative upper T Superscript upper T Baseline StartAbsoluteValue f EndAbsoluteValue squared right-parenthesis Superscript 1 slash 2 Baseline greater-than normal infinity EndSet">

B
2

=
{
f
:

‖
f
‖

=

sup

T
≥
1

(

1

2
T

∫

−
T

T

|
f
|

2

)

1

/

2

>
∞
}

{B^2} = \{ f:\left \| f \right \| = {\sup _{T \geq 1}}{(\frac {1}{{2T}}{\int _{ - T}^T {\left | f \right |} ^2})^{1/2}} > \infty \}

is studied.
The symmetry of the Weierstrass generalized semigroups and affine embeddings
Authors: Delgado Félix
Published: June 2010

The characterization of the property of complete intersection for affine curves with one place at infinity in terms of the Weierstrass semigroup can be generalized to the case of several places at infinity.
Zeros of differentials along one-fibered ideals
Authors: Fedder R. , Huneke C. , Hübl R.
Published: June 2010

Let

(

R
,
m

)

\left ( {R,m} \right )

be a complete local domain containing the rationals. If

I
⊆
R

I \subseteq R

is a one-fibered ideal then there is a constant

l
l

, depending only on

R
R

and

I
I

, such that if

f
∈
m

f \in m

and

f
∉

I
n

f \notin {I^n}

, then there exists a derivation

d
d

such that

d

(
f
)

∉

I

n
+
l

d\left ( f \right ) \notin {I^{n + l}}

.
A measure which is singular and uniformly locally uniform
Authors: Freedman David , Pitman Jim
Published: June 2010

An example is given of a singular measure on

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

which is locally nearly uniform in the weak star topology. If this measure is used as a prior to estimate an unknown probability in coin tossing, the posterior is asymptotically normal.
Sequences of reals to sequences of zeros and ones
Authors: Kalikow Steven
Published: June 2010

This paper considers maps from sequences of reals to sequences of zeros and ones which preserve the tail. The continuum hypothesis is used.
Some properties of 𝑘-semistratifiable spaces
Authors: Mizokami T.
Published: June 2010

We study spaces admitting semistratification and

k
k

-semistratifications with (CF) property. The class of

k
k

-semistratifiable spaces with (CF) property lies between the class of Lašnev spaces and that of

k
k

-semistratifiable spaces, and really differs from the classes of stratifiable spaces and

ℵ
\aleph

-spaces.
A remark on the Gromov convergence theorem
Authors: Otsu Yukio
Published: June 2010

In [3] M. Gromov introduced the concept of convergence of Riemannian manifolds and he proved the convergence theorem. Since that time the theorem has been developed in detail (see [5], [7], [2]), and we know that it contains some interesting applications. Nevertheless there seems to be an inadequate way of applying the convergence theorem. The purpose of this paper is to present an example which shows that it is not correct.
On Sierpiński sets
Authors: Bartoszyński Tomek , Judah Haim
Published: June 2010

We prove that it is consistent with ZFC that every Sierpinski set is strongly meager. It is also proved that under CH every Sierpinski set is a union of two strongly meager sets.
A remark on finitely presented infinite-dimensional algebras
Authors: Baumslag Gilbert , Shalen Peter B.
Published: June 2010

By estimating dimensions of representation varieties, we show that certain finitely presented algebras are infinite dimensional.
A characterization of smooth Cantor bouquets
Authors: Bula Witold D. , Oversteegen Lex G.
Published: June 2010

We prove that all smooth fans having a dense set of endpoints are topologically equivalent.
Minimal compactifications and their associated function spaces
Authors: Faulkner Gary D.
Published: June 2010

This paper investigates the association between compactifications of a space which are minimal with respect to the extension of families of continuous functions and their associated subalgebras of

C
∗

(
X
)

{C^*}\left ( X \right )

.
A generalization of Brøndsted’s results and its applications
Authors: Mizoguchi Noriko
Published: June 2010

We generalize Brøndsted’s results in [2] and [3] in order to obtain uniform space versions of Caristi’s fixed point theorem, Ekeland’s variational principle and the drop theorem. Moreover, it is applied to weak convergence of random iterations.
Compact and compactly generated subgroups of locally compact groups
Authors: Bagley R. W. , Wu T. S. , Yang J. S.
Published: June 2010

Our main interest is the existence of maximal compact normal subgroups of locally compact topological groups and its relation to compactly generated subgroups. If a topological group

G
G

has a compact normal subgroup

K
K

such that

G

/

K

G/K

is a Lie group and every closed subgroup of

G
G

is compactly generated, we call

G
G

an

H

(
c
)

\mathcal {H}(c)

-group. If

G
G

has a maximal compact normal subgroup

K
K

such that

G

/

K

G/K

is a Lie group, we call

G
G

an

H

\mathcal {H}

-group. If

G
G

is an

H

(
c
)

\mathcal {H}(c)

-group, then

G
G

is a hereditary

H

\mathcal {H}

-group in the sense that every closed subgroup is an

H

\mathcal {H}

-group. If

H
H

is a closed normal subgroup of

G
G

and both

H
,
G

/

H

H,G/H

are

H

(
c
)

\mathcal {H}(c)

-groups, then

G
G

is an

H

(
c
)

\mathcal {H}(c)

-group. A corollary of this is that a compactly generated solvable group whose characteristic open subgroups are compactly generated is an

H

\mathcal {H}

-group. If

G
G

has a compactly generated closed normal subgroup

F
F

such that both

F

/

F
0

G

/

F

F/{F_0}G/F

are

H

\mathcal {H}

-groups, then

G
G

is an

H

\mathcal {H}

-group.
Unimodal polynomials arising from symmetric functions
Authors: Brenti Francesco
Published: June 2010

We present a general result that, using the theory of symmetric functions, produces several new classes of symmetric unimodal polynomials. The result has applications to enumerative combinatorics including the proof of a conjecture by R. Stanley.
On a characterization of trees
Authors: Bula Witold D. , Tymchatyn E. D.
Published: June 2010

We prove that a continuum

X
X

is a tree if and only if for each pair

K
⊂
L

K \subset L

of its nondegenerate subcontinua some subcontinuum of

K
K

separates

L
L

.
Neumann eigenvalue estimate on a compact Riemannian manifold
Authors: Chen Roger
Published: June 2010

In their article, P. Li and S. T. Yau give a lower bound of the first Neumann eigenvalue in terms of geometrical invariants for a compact Riemannian manifold with convex boundary. The purpose of this paper is to generalize their result to a compact Riemannian manifold with possibly nonconvex boundary.
On closed twisted curves
Authors: Rodrigues Costa Sueli I.
Published: June 2010

Twisted curves in

R

m

{{\mathbf {R}}^m}

are those which have independent derivatives up to order

m
m

. For plane and spatial curves the twisted condition is equivalent to never vanishing curvature and torsion respectively. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a

(
q
,
p
)

(q,p)

-curve on a torus to be twisted, and use those curves to construct closed twisted curves in

R

m

{{\mathbf {R}}^m}

for all

m
m

.
Functional representation of vector lattices
Authors: Fleischer Isidore
Published: June 2010

Every vector lattice is represented in the lattice of distribution functions valued in the complete Boolean algebra of its annihilators; the representation is complete join and positive multiple preserving and subadditive; restricted to the solid vector sublattice without infinitesimals, it preserves the full structure (including any existing infinite lattice extrema) and is faithful. Identifying the distribution with the continuous real-valued functions on the extremally disconnected Stone space of the algebra yields a representation which, specialized to Archimedean vector lattices, embeds them in the densely finite-valued continuous functions; identifying with the equivalence classes of functions measurable for a

σ
\sigma

-field modulo a

σ
\sigma

-ideal of "null sets" yields a representation which, specialized to Archimedean vector lattices, embeds them in the classes of a.e. finite functions. This is used to give simple proofs of Freudenthal’s spectral theorem and Kakutani’s structure theorem for

L
L

-spaces.
Continuous rings with ACC on essentials are Artinian
Authors: Jain S. K. , López-Permouth S. R. , Rizvi S. Tariq
Published: June 2010

It is proved that a left continuous ring with ascending chain condition on essential left ideals is left artinian.
On the modulus of cone absolutely summing operators and vector measures of bounded variation
Authors: Lavrič Boris
Published: June 2010

Let

E
E

and

F
F

be Banach lattices. It is shown that if

F
F

has the Levi and the Fatou property, then the ordered Banach space

L

l

(

E
,
F

)

{\mathcal {L}^l}\left ( {E,F} \right )

of cone absolutely summing operators is a Banach lattice and an order ideal of the Riesz space

L

r

(

E
,
F

)

{\mathcal {L}^r}\left ( {E,F} \right )

of regular operators. The same argument yields a Jordan decomposition of

F
F

-valued vector measures of bounded variation.
Monotonicity in terms of order of the zeros of the derivatives of Bessel functions
Authors: Lorch Lee
Published: June 2010

An elementary Sturm technique is shown to provide an alternative and simpler proof of the result that the known monotonicity of the zeros of fixed rank of the Bessel function of the first kind implies monotonicity for the zeros of its derivative for orders between -1 and 0. The reasoning applies to other Bessel functions.
A note on: “The asymptotic behavior of a class of nonlinear differential equations of second order” [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 84 (1982), no. 2, 235–236; MR0637175 (83d:34062)] by J. C. Tong
Authors: Meng Fan Wei
Published: June 2010

In this paper we point out an error in paper [2] and study the asymptotic behavior of the differential equation
\[

L
n

x
+
f

(

t
,
x

)

=
r

(
t
)

.

{L_n}x + f\left ( {t,x} \right ) = r\left ( t \right ).

\]
The results obtained are extensions of some of the results of [2].
On dual Banach algebras
Authors: Wong Pak Ken
Published: June 2010

Let

A
A

be a semisimple Banach algebra with

‖
‖

\left \| \right \|

, which is a dense subalgebra of a semisimple Banach algebra

B
B

with

|
|

\left | \right |

such that

‖
‖

\left \| \right \|

majorizes

|
|

\left | \right |

on

A
A

. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dual property between the algebras

A
A

and

B
B

. Some well-known results follow from this paper.
On the fixed point index of iterates of planar homeomorphisms
Authors: Brown Morton
Published: June 2010

If

f
f

is an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the plane with an isolated fixed point at the origin 0 and

index(

f
,
0

) = 

p

{\text {index(}}f,0{\text {) = }}p

, then

index(

f
n

,0)

{\text {index(}}{f^n}{\text {,0)}}

is always well defined provided that

p
≠
1

p \ne 1

. In this case, for each

n
≠
0

n \ne 0

,

index(

f
n

,0) = index(

f
,
o

) = 

p

{\text {index(}}{f^n}{\text {,0) = index(}}f,o{\text {) = }}p

. If

index(

f
,
0

) = 1

{\text {index(}}f,0{\text {) = 1}}

, then there is an integer

p
p

(possibly

p
=
1

p = 1

) such that for those values of

n
n

for which

index(

f
n

,0)

{\text {index(}}{f^n}{\text {,0)}}

is defined (i.e 0 is an isolated fixed point of

f
n

{f^n}

),

index(

f
n

,0) = 1

{\text {index(}}{f^n}{\text {,0) = 1}}

or

index(

f
n

,0) = 

p

{\text {index(}}{f^n}{\text {,0) = }}p

.
Nonmetric compact spaces and nonmeasurable processes
Authors: Dudley R. M.
Published: June 2010

Measure theory in compact Hausdorff spaces has some pathological aspects. Some natural functions are nonmeasurable. Others are measurable but have nonmeasurable ranges. Joint measurability is not preserved by the Kakutani-Nelson canonical representation of functions as elements of product spaces, even "almost", for the indicator function of the triangle below the diagonal of the unit square (empirical distribution function for sample size

n
=
1

n = 1

).
On induced covariant systems
Authors: Echterhoff Siegfried
Published: June 2010

For a closed subgroup

H
H

of a locally compact group

G
G

, it is shown that a covariant system

(
G
,
A
)

(G,A)

is induced from a covariant system

(
H
,
D
)

(H,D)

if (and only if) there exists a continuous

G
G

-equivariant map

φ
:
Pr

im

A
→
G

/

H

\varphi :\Pr {\text {im}}A \to G/H

.
Characterizations of Tauberian operators and other semigroups of operators
Authors: Gonzalez M. , Onieva V. M.
Published: June 2010

In this paper we present three characterizations of Tauberian operators in terms of: perturbations by compact operators, products with other operators, and restrictions to subspaces. We obtain also analogous characterizations for co-Tauberian operators and for other semigroups of operators related with the Tauberian and co-Tauberian ones.
Groups with cyclic derived factor-group
Authors: Heineken Hermann , Lennox John C. , Stewart A. G. R. , Wiegold James
Published: June 2010

In [1] it is proved that a

k
k

-generator metabelian group with

G

/

G
′

G/G’

cyclic can be generated by

k
k

conjugates of a single element, and the problem was left over as to whether this is true for soluble groups in general. This paper provides counterexamples of Fitting length 3, as well as proving that the result of [1] is true whenever all subgroups of

G
′

G’

are subnormal.
On the Morava 𝐾-theories of 𝑆𝑂(2𝑛+1)
Authors: Rao Vidhyanath K.
Published: June 2010

In this paper we compute the additive structure of the Morava

K
K

-theories of

S
O
(
2
n
+
1
)

SO(2n + 1)

. We also obtain partial information about the bialgebra structures, and indicate how one may compute the effect of the stable BP-operations and the Milnor primitives.
Integral group rings with trivial central units
Authors: Ritter Jürgen , Sehgal Sudarshan K.
Published: June 2010

In this note finite groups

G
G

whose integral group ring

Z

G

{\mathbf {Z}}G

has only trivial central units are classified.
Dirichlet-finite analytic and harmonic functions are BMO
Authors: Schiff J. L.
Published: June 2010

Based on a result of F. John, an elementary proof is given of the fact that Dirichlet-finite analytic and Dirichlet-finite harmonic functions are of bounded mean oscillation in the unit disk.
Embedding subspaces of 𝐿₁ into 𝑙^{𝑁}₁
Authors: Talagrand Michel
Published: June 2010

We simplify techniques of Schechtman, Bourgain, Lindenstrauss, Milman, to prove the following. If

X
X

is an

n
n

-dimensional subspace of

L
1

{L_1}

, there exists a subspace

Y
Y

of

l
1
N

l_1^N

such that

d

(

X
,
Y

)

≤
1
+
ε

d\left ( {X,Y} \right ) \leq 1 + \varepsilon

whenever

N
≥
C
K

(
X
)

2

ε

−
2

n

N \geq CK{\left ( X \right )^2}{\varepsilon ^{ - 2}}n

, where

K

(
X
)

K\left ( X \right )

is the

K
K

-convexity constant of

X
X

, and where

C
C

is a universal constant.
Computability, homotopy and twisted Cartesian products
Authors: Weld Kathryn
Published: June 2010

We prove that finite presentations of

π
n

X

{\pi _n}X

are effectively computable, when

X
X

is a connected, effectively locally finitely dominated nilpotent complex. The relationship between the solvability of the homotopy problem in recursive Kan complexes and the word problem in homotopy groups plays a role.
On compositions of derivations of prime rings
Authors: Chuang Chen-Lian
Published: June 2010

Let

R
R

be a prime ring and

φ

(

x
i

)

\varphi \left ( {{x_i}} \right )

be a differential polynomial of

R
R

. It is shown that if

φ

(

x
i

)

=
0

\varphi \left ( {{x_i}} \right ) = 0

holds on a nonzero two-sided ideal of

R
R

, then

φ

(

x
i

)

=
0

\varphi \left ( {{x_i}} \right ) = 0

holds on

R
F

{R_F}

, the left Martindale quotient ring of

R
R

. Using this together with Kharchenko’s theorem on differential identities, we settle three problems raised by Krempa and Matczuk in the positive.
A note on the quaternion group as Galois group
Authors: Ware Roger
Published: June 2010

The occurrence of the quaternion group as a Galois group over certain fields is investigated. A theorem of Witt on quaternionic Galois extensions plays a key role.
Matrix generation of Pythagorean 𝑛-tuples
Authors: Cass Daniel , Arpaia Pasquale J.
Published: June 2010

We construct, for each

n
(
4
≤
n
≤
9
)

n(4 \leq n \leq 9)

, a matrix

A
n

{A_n}

which generates all the primitive Pythagorean

n
n

-tuples

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)

({x_1}, \ldots ,{x_n})

with

x
n

>
1

{x_n} > 1

\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis 1 right-parenthesis x 1 squared plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus x Subscript n minus 1 Superscript 2 Baseline equals x Subscript n Superscript 2 Baseline comma gcd left-parenthesis x 1 comma ellipsis comma x Subscript n Baseline right-parenthesis equals 1">

(
1
)

x
1
2

+
⋯
+

x

n
−
1

2

=

x
n
2

,

gcd
(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)
=
1

(1)\quad x_1^2 + \cdots + x_{n - 1}^2 = x_n^2,\quad \gcd ({x_1}, \ldots ,{x_n}) = 1

\]
from the single

n
n

-tuple

(
1
,
0
,
…
,
0
,
1
)

(1,0, \ldots ,0,1)

. Once a particular

n
n

-tuple is generated, one permutes the first

n
−
1

n - 1

coordinates and/or changes some of their signs, and applies

A
n

{A_n}

to obtain another

n
n

-tuple. This extends a result of Barning which presents an appropriate matrix

A
3

{A_3}

for the Pythagorean triples. One cannot so generate the Pythagorean

n
n

-tuples if

n
≥
10

n \geq 10

; in fact we show the Pythagorean

n
n

-tuples fall into at least

[
(
n
+
6
)

/

8
]

[(n + 6)/8]

distinct orbits under the automorphism group of (1).
Real analytic boundary regularity of the Cauchy kernel on convex domains
Authors: Chen So-Chin
Published: June 2010

It is well-known that in one complex variable the Cauchy integral preserves real analyticity near the boundary. In this paper we show that the same conclusion also holds on convex domains with real analytic boundary in higher dimension, where the Cauchy kernel is given by the Cauchy-Fantappiè form of order zero generated by the (l.0)-form

C

(

ξ
,
z

)

C\left ( {\xi ,z} \right )

,
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C left-parenthesis xi comma z right-parenthesis equals left-parenthesis sigma-summation Underscript j equals 1 Overscript n Endscripts StartFraction partial-differential r Over partial-differential xi Subscript j Baseline EndFraction left-parenthesis xi right-parenthesis d xi Subscript j Baseline right-parenthesis left-parenthesis sigma-summation Underscript j equals 1 Overscript n Endscripts StartFraction partial-differential r Over partial-differential xi Subscript j Baseline EndFraction left-parenthesis xi right-parenthesis left-parenthesis xi Subscript j Baseline minus z Subscript j Baseline right-parenthesis right-parenthesis Superscript negative 1 Baseline comma">

C

(

ξ
,
z

)

=

(

∑

j
=
1

n

∂
r

∂

ξ
j

(
ξ
)

d

ξ
j

)

(

∑

j
=
1

n

∂
r

∂

ξ
j

(
ξ
)

(

ξ
j

−

z
j

)

)

−
1

,

C\left ( {\xi ,z} \right ) = \left ( {\sum \limits _{j = 1}^n {\frac {{\partial r}}{{\partial {\xi _j}}}} \left ( \xi \right )d{\xi _j}} \right ){\left ( {\sum \limits _{j = 1}^n {\frac {{\partial r}}{{\partial {\xi _j}}}} \left ( \xi \right )\left ( {{\xi _j} - {z_j}} \right )} \right )^{ - 1}},

\]
where

r

(
ξ
)

r\left ( \xi \right )

is the defining function of the domain.
Density of the lexicographically ordered space {0,1}^{𝛼}
Authors: Comfort W. W.
Published: June 2010

For an infinite cardinal

α
\alpha

, the lexicographically ordered space

{

0
,
1

}

α

{\left \{ {0,1} \right \}^\alpha }

is denoted

Λ
(
α
)

\Lambda (\alpha )

; its density is denoted

d
Λ
(
α
)

d\Lambda (\alpha )

. Completing a computation left unfinished elsewhere, we prove

d
Λ
(
α
)
=

2

⌣
α

d\Lambda (\alpha ) = {2^{_\smile ^\alpha }}

.
Stable unit balls in Orlicz spaces
Authors: Suárez Granero Antonio
Published: June 2010

Let

L
ϕ

(
μ
)

{L^\phi }(\mu )

be an Orlicz space and

X
⊆

L
ϕ

(
μ
)

X \subseteq {L^\phi }(\mu )

an ideal such that

I
ϕ

(
f

/

|

|

f

|

|

)
=
1

{I_\phi }(f/||f||) = 1

for each

f
∈
X
∖

{
0
}

f \in X\backslash \left \{ 0 \right \}

. Then the unit ball

B
X

{B_X}

is stable, that is, the midpoint map

Φ

1

/

2

:

B
X

×

B
X

→

B
X

{\Phi _{1/2}}:{B_X} \times {B_X} \to {B_X}

defined by

Φ

1

/

2

(
x
,
y
)
=

1
2

(
x
+
y
)

{\Phi _{1/2}}(x,y) = \tfrac {1}{2}(x + y)

, is open. In particular,

B
E

ϕ

{B_E}\phi

is stable,

E
ϕ

{E^\phi }

being the subspace of finite elements of

L
ϕ

(
μ
)

{L^\phi }(\mu )

(i.e.,

f
∈

E
ϕ

f \in {E^\phi }

iff

I
ϕ

(
λ
f
)
>
+
∞

{I_\phi }(\lambda f) > + \infty

for each

λ
>
0

\lambda > 0

), and

B

L
ϕ

(
μ
)

{B_{{L^\phi }(\mu )}}

is stable when

ϕ
\phi

satisfies condition

(

Δ
2

)

({\Delta _2})

or

(

δ
2

)

({\delta _2})

, depending on the measure

μ
\mu

.
Congruence and dimension of nonseparable metric spaces
Authors: Hattori Yasunao
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we prove that, if a metrizable space

X

{\mathbf {X}}

has an admissible metric such that

X

{\mathbf {X}}

has no two distinct congruent subsets of cardinality 3, then

ind

X

≤
1

{\text {ind}}{\mathbf {X}} \leq 1

. We also show that if a non-empty metrizable space

X

{\mathbf {X}}

has an admissible star-rigid metric, then

ind

X

=
0

{\text {ind}}{\mathbf {X}} = 0

. The latter answers a question of L. Janos and H. Martin [3].
Norms of positive operators on 𝐿^{𝑝}-spaces
Authors: Howard Ralph , Schep Anton R.
Published: June 2010

Let

0
≤
T
:

L
p

(
Y
,
ν
)
→

L
q

(
X
,
μ
)

0 \leq T:{L^p}(Y,\nu ) \to {L^q}(X,\mu )

be a positive linear operator and let

|

|

T

|

|

p
,
q

||T|{|_{p,q}}

denote its operator norm. In this paper a method is given to compute

|

|

T

|

|

p
,
q

||T|{|_{p,q}}

exactly or to bound

|

|

T

|

|

p
,
q

||T|{|_{p,q}}

from above. As an application the exact norm

|

|

V

|

|

p
,
q

||V|{|_{p,q}}

of the Volterra operator

V
f
(
x
)
=

∫
0
x

f
(
t
)
d
t

Vf(x) = \int _0^x {f(t)dt}

is computed.
Relative Lie algebra cohomology revisited
Authors: Muzere Mark
Published: June 2010

In this paper it is shown that relative Lie algebra cohomology is related to relative cohomology for restricted Lie algebras by a spectral sequence. Also an interpretation of the relative cohomology groups for Lie algebras in terms of the relative right derived functors of a certain relative derivative functor is given.