bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Analysis of The Thickness Effect Towards Mechanical Aspects in The Design of Centrifugal Pump Casing
Authors: Khor C.Y. , Nawi M.A.M. , Ikman Ishak Muhammad , Ooi Z.K. , Rosli M.U. , Ahmad Termizi S.N.A.
Published: July 2020

The strength of the centrifugal pump is crucial to ensure the safe pump operating when endure to unintended pumping condition. The presence of the solid particles and sudden increase of pressure may lead to the damage on the casing of a centrifugal pump and it becomes critical when the thickness of the casing is thin. This study aims to investigate the effects of the thickness on the mechanical aspects such as stress, strain and displacement in the casing design by using finite element (FE) analysis. The structure of the pump casing with various thicknesses is analyzed via FE-based software. The correlation of the wall thickness with the mechanical aspects is studied. The critical region with high stress was spotted in the simulation. The simulation results revealed the wall thickness demonstrated a polynomial correlation to the displacement and strain. The stress of the casing showed the linear correlation with the thickness. The critical region was noticed at the intersection region of the pump casing. The mechanical aspects of the pump casing were improved with the increment of the wall thickness in the pump casing design.
Stress Intensity and Crack Pattern of Reinforced Concrete Beam Embedded With Lightning Protection Cable
Authors: Abdul Rahim Mustaqqim , Syazwani Karuddin Amirah , Ayob Afizah , Nur Aizat Ahmad Ahmad , Shahidan Shahiron , Salwa Mohd Zuki Sharifah
Published: July 2020

The reinforced concrete beam with lightning protection cable used in this research to determine the stress intensity and crack pattern of the beam. In this research, commercially available software developed by ANSYS used to model the nonlinear behaviour of reinforced concrete beams. The beam will model by using the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). The beam structure was modelling in 3D geometry with the reinforcement steel bar and lightning cable embedded in the reinforced concrete beam structure. The material uses to develop the beam are Grade 30 concrete and high yield steel for main reinforcement. The material for lightning cable used was galvanized steel iron, which is highly resistance to corrosion and oxidation. The beam model in simply supported with pinned support at two end of beam and three-point load is applied. From the result beam added with lightning cable at bottom can sustain a higher stress intensity compare to the beam without additional lightning cable and beams without lightning cable have developed largest crack compared to the beam with lightning cable.
The Application of Coconut Fiber as Insulation Ceiling Board in Building Construction
Authors: Omar M F , Abdullah M A H , Rashid N A , Abdul Rani A L , Illias N.A.
Published: July 2020

This study considers the applications of natural fiber composites in affordable housing projects located in Malaysia with the goal of addressing issues of the thermal comfort. Roof thermal insulation is one of the effective methods that can save cooling energy in places with an equatorial climate especially in Malaysia. The use of recycled products or industrial waste materials is now a potential trend in the industry. Therefore, natural fiber was chosen as a material for the ceiling board in this study. During the day, heat can enter the room from the roof so that insulation material is needed to reduce heat flux by maintaining the temperature of the building. The problems faced by consumers are cost increases due to the use of large amounts of electricity. Besides, asbestos use becoming less frequent because the government has banned its use as a ceiling, side panels, roofing material, asbestos cement-pipes, many types of fireproof and insulation material. The objectives of this study was to determine the mechanical and physical properties of coconut fiber with fire retardant paint as a thermal comfort for ceiling board. The next objective is to study the percentage difference in sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride during the treatment of coconut fiber. The data result is that the fiber is ideal as an insulating material for the house ceiling board because it has a low temperature quality of 0.225W. The water absorption value was as high as 11.20% which is slightly lower than previous studies. Finally, the density test has a value of 74.23 kg / m3 where the fibers are lighter than the other fibers even after immersion with different sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride. In addition, this study achieved a house ceiling that could help reduce the heat entering the house by 0.225W which used only a thickness of 10mm. The use of these fibers does not need the thickness between 20 mm or 40 mm. Therefore, it successfully lowered home electricity consumption in hot weather. It was found that the difference in temperature drop between 0 % and 3 % was 0.4W.
The Effect of the Amylose/Amylopectin Contents of Starch on Porosity and Dielectric Properties of the Porous Hydroxyapatite/Starch Composites
Authors: Chong You Beh , Ee Meng Cheng , Abu Bakar Shahriman , Fazli Mohd Nasir Nashrul , Swee Kheng Eng , Shukry Abdul Majid Mohd , Ridzuan Mohd Jamir Mohd , Shing Fhan Khor
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the amylose/amylopectin contents of starch on the porosity and dielectric properties of porous hydroxyapatite/starch composites. The porous hydroxyapatite/starch composites were prepared by utilizing the starches (rice, corn and potato starch) via gelatinization and retrogradation process. The complex permittivity of the porous hydroxyapatite/starch composites were evaluated in the frequency range of 12.4-18.0 GHz. The porous composites were exhibited the higher average porosity by using the starch with higher amylopectin content. The highly porous hydroxyapatite/starch composites with higher amylopectin content show the significant fluctuation peaks (at 13.8 and 16.6 GHz) and the higher imaginary part of the complex permittivity (ε′′) at higher frequency in the dielectric spectrum, respectively. The real (ε′) and imaginary part (ε′′) of the complex permittivity of the porous composites could be enhanced by increasing the average porosity and the amylopectin contents.
Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Blood Flow through a Tapered Stenosed Artery using the Cross Model
Authors: Majekodunmi Joshua T , Anwar K , Abdullah N
Published: July 2020

A Non-Newtonian model is used to examine the effect of tapering on the flow of blood along a stenosed artery which is caused by the pulsating nature the heart. The constitutive equation of the Cross model is used to capture the rheology of the streaming blood which accounts for the shear thinning behaviour of blood. The flow is considered to be laminar, incompressible, and axisymmetric. The finite- difference scheme was adopted to solve the non-linear equations describing the fluid motion in an unsteady two-dimensional case. The computation is presented in terms of the axial and radial velocities, volumetric flow rate, resistance to flow and the wall shear stress. The result from the numerical simulation clearly indicates that vessel tapering has considerable effect on the flow pattern of blood: as the tapering angle increases the flow rate and the axial velocity increases proportionately while the radial velocity, wall shear stress decreases and resistance to flow.
Modelling of Piezoelectric Sensor with Different Materials Approach for Partial Discharge Detection on Power Transformer: PZT-5H, ZnO and AlN
Authors: Akashah N A , Rohani M N K H , Rosmi A S , Isa M , Ismail B , Khalid K N , Mustafa W A , Wooi C L
Published: July 2020

The acoustic emission (AE) technique is one of the unconventional methods of partial discharges (PDs) detection. It plays a most important role in oil-filled power transformers diagnostics because it enables the detection and online monitoring of PDs as well compared to the conventional method for PDs detection which are not suitable for on-site measurement due to electrical disturbance. In this paper, the acoustic based on piezoelectric sensor by different material is modelled in order to be able to obtain PDs signal occurred in power transformers. Modelling of a piezoelectric sensor with different material which is PZT-5H, ZnO, and AlN is approached in order to investigate the performance of resonant frequency, electric potential, and the performance in processing in order to match the range of AE detection. Piezoelectric materials have become very useful in processing devices because of their electrical-mechanical mutuality. Study was performed on frequency target of PDs should be higher and in the range of 10 kHz -300 kHz in order to prevent the power transformer from failure or breakdown and it has been found out by proven from analytical and simulation result by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Based on this information, acoustic sensor is analyses with different types of cantilever beam and piezoelectric material and different length dimension of the beam in order to analyses the performance between them. Based on the result, the piezoelectric material that be chosen in this project is ZnO due to its high piezoelectric coupling and environmental friendly is used in order to support green technology compared to others material discussed which is harmful even though produced high performance. This detection method gave some improvement in monitoring system PD activities in the transformer’s tank.
Piezoelectric Sensor using PZT Material for Partial Discharge Detection on Power Transformer
Authors: Alleef Abd Jalil Muhammad , Shuhada Rosmi Afifah , Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani Mohamad , Isa Muzamir , Nurul Auni Wan Mohammad Wan , Zaidi Abdullah Ahmad , Azani Mustafa Wan
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an analysis of acoustic emission (AE) detection technique for partial discharge (PD) on power transformer using piezoelectric sensor. The AE PD detection technique using piezoelectric material is one of the popular method due to its low cost and compact size. A matching resonant frequency of AE sensor with PD signal which in range 10 kHz to 300 kHz is an important factor for this technique. An AE sensor that have a resonant frequency match with PD signal able to give an optimal performances. Therefore, a simulation on different dimensions of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) AE sensor using finite element method (FEM) is conducted in order to determine the performances in terms of resonant frequency, total displacement and generated voltage. The length of AE sensor is varied from 2 mm to 30 mm in order to reveal the influence of length dimension against generated voltage. Based on the obtained results, that 2 mm length of AE sensor able to generate voltage of 3.01 x10−5 mV at resonant frequency of 113.58 kHz which can be proposed toward PD detection on the power transformer.
Development of Highly Sensitive Interdigitated Electrode (IDEs) Biosensor to Determine Glucose Level using Saliva as Sample
Authors: Lam C J , Hashim U
Published: July 2020

This research focus on introducing an non invansive and highly sensitive interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) biosensor to measure the glucose level in human body by using saliva as sample. The IDE was fabricated using simple convention photolitography process and surface functionalization by using MWCNT. The result of the IDE undergoes physical characterization by using HPM,SEM and AFM, beside physical characterization electrical characterization was carried out. Difference concentration of reference glucose sample (10mM-1uM) was tested before using real biomolecule sample(saliva). Blood sample measurement was taken by using blood glucose meter and saliva was using IDEs. The result was taken and been compared. The blood and saliva sample was taken from a voluntary person every two hours starting from 10 am until 10 pm.
Electro-oxidation as Tertiary Treatment Techniques for Removal of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Authors: Zulzikrami Azner Abidin Che , Muhammad Ridwan Fahmi , Haqi Ibrahim Abdul , Rosmady Rahmat Nazerry , Farah Mohamed Hussein Nur , Ahmad Razi
Published: July 2020

The production of palm oil, though, results in the generation of huge quantities of polluted wastewater normally referred as palm oil mill effluent (POME). It gives adverse impacts to the environment, particularly if it is not properly treated. POME are known to have various types of liquids, residual oil and suspended solid as it has very high strength waste in its untreated form. Although conventional biological processes are normally efficient for the degradation of pollutants occurring in wastewater, most of these compounds are not effectively removed. As a result, further treatment is needed to meet more stringent discharge standards of Department of Environment (DOE), Malaysia. This research focused on treatment of POME by using electro-oxidation process (EO). It was done to identify the performance of EO process for colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), and Ammoniacal-nitrogen NH3-N) removal as well as the relative effects of different operational parameters such as pH, type of electrodes and contact time. The pH was varied between 3 and 11, using Ferum (Fe) and Aluminium (Al) electrode, and contact time from 0 to 120 min. The most suitable pH, contact time and type of electrode were pH 3, 120 min and Aluminium electrode, respectively. Therefore, EO process at specified level can be used as an efficient and effective post-treatment technology to meet the standard regulatory requirements.
Design and Analysis of Grass Cutting Machine By Using DFMA Method
Authors: Syaiyidah Mohamad Salikan Nur , Rosli M F , Nasyitah Mohammad Nor , Abd Rahim Irfan , Fadzly M K
Published: July 2020

This paper describes about the implementation of redesign the component of grass cutting machine by using the application of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) methodology. The scope based on the existing grass cutting machine and the appropriate of DFMA methodology. The data was analysed by using Boothroyd-Dewhurst Design for Manufacture and Assembly method to verify the design efficiency, handling ratio and fitting ratio to achieve. The new proposed design of grass cutting machine drawn using CATIA V5 software based As a result, the assembly time for redesign showed an improvement of 18.68% where the assembly time was reduced from 568.84 s to 462.59 s and design efficiency was increased 8.33% from 24.40% to 34.70%. The total part, handling ratio fitting ratio and cost of existing design is reduced. Eventually, the improvement of redesign grass cutting machine the best design with optimal value is accomplished.
Design and Development of Pneumatic Air Engine using Linear Actuator
Authors: Fadzly M K , Maizaty R , Irfan A R , Rosli M F , Amarul T
Published: July 2020

A study was performed to produce a pneumatic air engine using two linear actuators and then the linear motion was converted to a rotating motion using a crank shaft. This study aims to increase the use of linear actuators in pneumatic air engines as well as to apply pressurized air as an efficient and convenient transportation mechanism in line with the development of technologies developed through products available in the market. Two units of linear actuator such as pneumatic cylinders with two units of 5/2 way directional control valve with double solenoid actuation are used to control the cylinder movement. The cylinder will rotate the crank shaft when receiving a signal from the solenoid valve with 5 bar air pressure. In conclusion, the system can travel up to 153 meters for a 24-liter air-pressure with 5 bar pressure when the test is run for a charging cycle by the compressor motor. If the compressor motor able to charge the compressor continuously, the movement distance can be increased.
Smart Air Quality Monitoring System Using Arduino Mega
Authors: Fadzly M K , Yiling  , Rosli M F , Amarul T. , Effendi M S M
Published: July 2020

Traditionally, pollution measurements are performed using expensive equipment at fixed locations or dedicated mobile equipment laboratories. The automatic air quality monitoring system using Arduino can save cost and easy to access. The project that we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on various aspects related to our course of study as well as practical knowledge of electronic equipment and communication. Moreover, the project of air quality monitoring system has achieved to monitor and prevent the effect of high temperature and dusty air to the child and human just like the objective of the project needed. The project can detect the temperature and dust density and besides that it will send alert to the user when detecting the air quality is unhealthy. Furthermore, a project is design and develop air quality monitoring system using Arduino Mega which is to enhance safety affect such that even the minor eye irritation can make the user to lose his concentration and lead to serious accidents. Where the dust sensor and temperature able to detect hazy day that triggers buzzer to alert user to decrease the outdoor activities. Air quality is monitor for whole day at Ulu Pauh Putra by using this device and the data is recorded and make into a graph. The average dust density is 78.22ug/m3 and the range of dust density levels are about 68.07ug/m3 to 84.87ug/m3. By comparing the result to API reading show that air quality is moderate pollution that does not pose any bad effect on health. The testing of project was done for whole day is to verify the accuracy of the data. Moreover, it can help to avoid errors occur in the project. Focusing on the device produced, it detects high temperature and sense the dusty air immediately. Once the sensitivity is high, the buzzer module will active to alert user.
Remote data collecting for water meter (automatic meter reading) in high-rise building construction
Authors: Tuan Vo Anh , Tien Bui Quang , Van An Do  , Quang Le Hong , Bao Nguyen Quoc , Ngoc Huynh Thai , Vu Nguyen Le Nhat
Published: July 2020

Managing water demand is a question that always concerns apartment management boards especially the number of meter readings, which faces many problems in terms of labor investment costs, time spent on manual reading is too long and not really effective. Currently the remote reading solution based on the principle of broadcasting and receiving radio waves is a trend in Ho Chi Minh City. This study aims to determine the performance of remote reading systems when applied on high-rise buildings. The objective of the study is to find out the scope of the activity or the best range of reading of radio waves in high-rise buildings. Methods of empirical survey and statistical data were collected in May, 2019. The results showed that the radius of the broadcasting range is about 16m-25m.
Strategies for developing tube houses in Vietnam within the framework of “smart city” concept
Authors: Tin Nguyen Van , Loan Nguyen Hong
Published: July 2020

The becoming of smart cities is an inevitable trend for future cities. Vietnam is in the rapid urbanization process facing many challenges. Smart cities require many criteria, in which providing a convenient living environment for citizens is the top priority. The current situation of urban housing in Vietnam shows a unique characteristic, in which tube houses occupy a large proportion and offer a low quality living environment. This type of construction will play a major role in smart cities. The objective of this paper is to determine the strategies for developing future tube houses within smart cities of Vietnam. Methods used in the paper include: data collection method, analytical – synthetical method and logical method. Results of the paper are shown using appropriate development strategies with necessary criteria and general architectural solutions. In addition, there will be two directions of design solutions: a) renovating of tube houses at existing residential areas and b) new construction of tube houses in new areas. The conclusion drawn from this article concerns designing and building tube houses within the framework of a “smart city” concept. These proposals must conform to practical requirements and should be implemented step by step to ensure sustainable development.
Reliability indicators of 10 kV cable lines in rural areas
Authors: Berdishev Abduraxim , Taslimov Abdurakhim , Melikuziev Bakhtiyor , Bijanov Alibi
Published: July 2020

Based on statistical data, the article analyzes and proposes a combination method for calculating the reliability indicators of power supply to agricultural consumers (equivalent duration of outages, frequency of failures and deliberate outages, recovery time) when using cable and overhead lines. It has been established that the reliability of rural cable lines is slightly higher than overhead and the use of cables in rural electric networks improves the reliability of power supply to consumers by eliminating failures, and also leads to an increase in the reliability of transformer substations by reducing the number of damage to transformers.
Processability of the device of exploited roofs with greening systems
Authors: Korol Elena , Shushunova Natalia
Published: July 2020

In this research we provide the analysis of the modern green roof technological processes and operations. The traditional roofing technologies are not always suitable for operating roofs with greening systems. The use of green spaces on the coverings of buildings and structures during work is reflected in the process of forming the composition and sequence of technological processes and operations, as well as the selection of rational technological and organizational parameters. The installation of greening systems on roofing leads to an increase in the laboriousness and duration of the construction of buildings as a whole. The development and study of rational technological parameters in the construction of a multi-layer construction of roof with greening systems is aimed at reducing the additional labor costs associated with the construction of exploited roofs with greening systems.
The use of smart remote sensing technologies in the development of master plans of cities on the example of the city of Basra
Authors: Slepnev Mihail , Sherbena Elena , Al-qatrany A. C. D
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to use remote sensing data for developing smart technology in oil cities, Basra city as study area. Smart city is one of smart technology governments need to implement in oil cities to give suitable solution for audience such as easy transportation access between cities. The planning problem in oil production areas of Iraq, which is carried out on the territories of the cities is the lack of balanced policies aimed at their development, taking into account on the one hand, areas disturbed by petroleum activities on the other areas of the existing development in the settlement in other hand. Urban use of the areas disturbed by oil production requires right science-based decisions associated with the development of quantitative methods of accounting and evaluation of territorial -construction resource (TCR) in a particular urban territory. Success smart city in Basra city needs hardware, software, remote sensing data and users, network and good understanding of how smart technology working on. This research defined the required steps and roles to develop smart city technology in Basra city as one of Iraqi oil cities territories.
Conservation & Promotion “Dinh” in Hanoi Old Quarter
Authors: Thi Kim Dung Ngo
Published: July 2020

Hanoi Old Quarter is an area of urban heritage with very important role and value. Currently, this heritage is facing many challenges, at risk of being invaded and destroyed by time, environment, natural disasters, and human impact as well as the pressure from urbanization. Central and local government tries to conserve this valuable heritage; however, the result hasn’t met the expectation. This article presents an overview of the number, characteristics and role of Dinh (Vietnamese communal house) in Hanoi Old Quarter, discusses the need for conservation and proposes solution to conserve and promote the role of Dinh using smart city application.
Some solutions of “Smart city” in response to urban climate change
Authors: Bich Ngoc Nguyen Thi , Linh Do Thuy
Published: July 2020

Responding to climate change is a great issue related to processes that help balance the natural environment [1]. In addition to changing people’s awareness, the use of “environmentally friendly” technologies will also help bring about greater efficiency in response to climate change [7]. In order to address climate change adaptation objectives with “Smart City”, scientific research is needed to provide rational solutions to each city [14]. Of these, it will include “smart” solutions associated with modern technologies (NewYork, United States) [18] and also “smart” solutions without technologies (“Amip city” in Japan) [5][19]. Within the scope of the article, we are also mention some typical criteria and solutions and notes when choosing solutions for cities in Vietnam.
Smart urban governance in smart city
Authors: Quoc Toan Nguyen , Thi Nhu Dao
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, smart city has received a great attention of many countries around the world as a holistic strategy and potential trend for effective urban development that could help to solve a wide range of current urban issues such as population growth, productive land-use, overloaded infrastructure, traffic congestion, social division, etc. While the application of information and communication technology (ICT) was commonly mentioned as hardware aspect integrated in urban infrastructure system of a smart city, particularly around the early 1990s when the ICTs first reached a broad public attention in European countries, in recent years countries supporting a comprehensive approach frequently have considered and complemented the concept of smart city with a software interpretation related to smart vision, smart governance and smart community in order to obtain high quality of life and improve environmental quality. The article discusses smart urban governance - a vital pillar of smart city that addresses urban issues and dynamic collaborations between urban actors towards “smarter” urban growth in the 4.0 era.
Structural optimization of Long Ethernet lines for use in automation systems of smart city and smart home
Authors: Semenov Andrey
Published: July 2020

The possibility of structural optimization of the telecommunications part of the telecommunication lines of the Long Ethernet network interfaces for servicing sensors and actuating elements of automation systems of a smart city and a smart home has been considered. A model of the analyzed structure has been introduced. Given the long distances and relatively low data exchange rates, the model involves the use of standard remote power supply equipment and multiplexing of signals from sensors and actuators. The method of estimating the lengths of separate segments of a mixed path is offered, and expediency of increase in length of a path for transmission of the multiplexed signals is shown.
Efficiency of Abaqus2Matlab toolbox for structural optimization problems
Authors: Pham V T , Vu Q V , Papazafeiropoulos G , Ngo V T
Published: July 2020

In recent years, optimal structural design is one of the most interesting fields in the engineering science. With the development of the computational tools, many optimization methods have been proposed. This paper introduces an efficient toolbox namely Abaqus2Matlab which can be used for any structural optimization problem. This computational tool allows for automatic linking between Abaqus and Matlab, in terms of transferring data from Abaqus to Matlab and vice versa, and creating the necessary files for the optimization procedure. In the optimization problem, Abaqus plays the role of the solver, while Matlab plays the role of the optimizer. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of Abaqus2Matlab toolbox, an optimization procedure is employed to find the optimum sizing of the member cross sectional areas for the benchmark 10-Bar truss and 25-Bar truss problems. The results obtained from this method are validated with various studies from the literature.
Social factors of sustainability for a smart city development
Authors: Danilina Nina , Majorzadehzahiri Alireza
Published: July 2020

Sustainable development of smart cities is based on the consideration of many areas of urban life in which the implementation of modern innovative technologies is taking place. Urban planning is aimed on providing citizens’` life and ensuring their daily needs in comfortable and safe living. The problem is that urban environment and the population must be ready to accept the idea of a smart city in order to organize its greatest efficiency. On the other hand, smart technologies should address both global and local challenges and threats to the urban environment in the wide range from environmental problems caused by climate change to the possibility of easy orientation and service search on city streets. The article proposes an approach to strategic urban planning of the environment based on a socially-oriented smart city model that combines social factors, their reflection in urban environment and defines the set of smart technologies that are in citizens’` demand. On the example of the Monirye district in Tehran, Iran the developed method is applied using analytical methods of SWOT and VMOSA analysis. This application provides a systematic approach for smart cities planning in accordance with the needs of the population and the existing level of development of the urban environment and to determine the strategic directions of its sustainable development in the interests of the population.
Features of Smart Lighting Project Implementation in the Cities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kolomiets Vladimir
Published: July 2020

The research objective was to study and summarize the experience of Smart Lighting projects in the cities of the Russian Federation. As a result of the analysis of regulatory documents, it is shown that the indicator “share of street lighting controlled by the intellectual control system” is applicable to assess smart lighting projects implementation. It is shown that the Transition to smart lighting is most often based on the local action model, while the energy service contract is a popular way to finance projects. It is recognized that projects implementing lighting control functions using wireless networks are more promising.
Practical formation of verification rules for building information models
Authors: Makisha Elena
Published: July 2020

Evaluation of machine-readable rules based on the regulation requirements is the first step towards automated examination of design documentation. The article is devoted to practical implementation of previously evaluated algorithm of rules formation for verification of building information models based on rule modelling language. The methodological basis of the algorithm is the RuleML rule modeling language, first- and higher-order logic, and the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. The author describes testing the software implementation of the algorithm on the example of one of the regulation standards of the Russian Federation. As a result, the main groups of requirements found in the standard were identified. An example of formalization and translation of a specific statement of the standard is given, which confirms the assumption that above-mentioned algorithm is appropriate. Promising areas of research have been identified in order to solve problems related to the inability to translate certain provisions of the standard.
Evaluating the potential for application of MODIS satellite data for urban air quality monitoring in Vietnam
Authors: Hieu B T , Hiep N H , Luong N D
Published: July 2020

Using satellite remote sensing data in combining with other technologies (i.e. sensor, ground-based system) for surface air quality monitoring has been considered as one of promising approaches for urban air quality management in future smart cities. This study assessed the accuracy of latest collection (Collection 6.1 - C6.1) of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval by Dark Target (DT) algorithm at 3 and 10 km spatial resolutions in urban areas in Vietnam. Collocated Aqua and Terra MODIS C6.1 AOD at 550 nm were inter-compared against AOD from two AERONET stations in Vietnam, estimated throughout the satellite passes (± 1 h). Two investigated AERONET stations are Nghia Do (inland urban) and Bac Lieu (coastal urban) with the studying periods of 2010 - 2016 and 2010 - 2017, respectively. Our findings showed that the MODIS DT 3km were performed worse than the MODIS DT 10 km product in urban areas. Furthermore, all two MODIS AOD DT products showed better performance at inland urban site than coastal urban site. In general, both MODIS products were able to follow the monthly-mean AERONET AODs. The peak of aerosol loading at the investigated urban sites could be properly attributed to the combination of the monsoon effect and biomass burning activities. The mean aerosol loading of rainy season appeared to be lowest in the year, which could be attributed to the fact that the frequent rain washes out the dust in the atmosphere.
Determination of the Existing Sight Distance and its Influence on the Speed on Highways
Authors: Hristov Borislav
Published: July 2020

The main task of a high-quality road design is to provide the driver with a clear information about the course of the road at an early stage. The good visual guidance on highways is a prerequisite for adequate driving safety. Therefore, the sight distance has a significant impact on traffic safety, performance, speed behavior and driving comfort. At least the required stopping sight distance should always be guaranteed on highways, in order to ensure traffic safety and quality of traffic flow. The purpose of the stopping sight distance is to enable the driver to stop in time in front of an unexpected obstacle with a certain height on the road or in front of the end of a traffic jam. In addition, as a regulating element in road design, it is intended to ensure early driver information and orientation. The driver reacts to external influences by choosing the speed and changing it. Therefore, the speed parameter itself represents the best and most suitable evaluation criterion for driving behavior. In this paper, it has been succeeded to prove, that the existing sight distance exerts an influence on the speed on highways in Germany. A clear increase in the 85th percentile speed was determined with an increasing existing sight distance up to 400 m. At a sight distance above 400 m V85 remained almost constant. An increase in the 15th percentile speed was only noticeable up to a sight distance of 300-350 m, after which V15 remained at the same level.
High-strength lightweight concrete with internal curing for 3D-printing in construction
Authors: Inozemtcev Aleksandr , Qui Duong Thanh
Published: July 2020

In the global information space there is a positive trend in the number of publications devoted to the technology of building 3D-printing. As functional additive for internal care of concrete superabsorbent polymer (SAP) can be used. It was found that the mobility of high-strength lightweight concrete mixtures with SAP is decreased in contrast to cement pastes. The decrease of the spread diameter of the concrete mixture with an increase of the SAP content to 2.3 % by weight of Portland cement is to 20 %. The SAP content of less than 1.5 % by weight of Portland cement provides the required mobility of the concrete mixture and the average density of high-strength lightweight concrete. Taking into account the requirements for the strength of the studied concrete, the optimal content of SAP is 1.0-1.5 % by weight of Portland cement. The efficiency of the use of solutions of superabsorbent polymers for reducing shrinkage deformations of the concrete in contrast to granular SAPs is proved. This is especially actual for concrete used in adverse hardening conditions of Portland cement, for example in 3D-printing in construction. It was shown that the concentration of SAP less than 1.5% by weight of Portland cement allows to ensure the mobility of the mixtures and preservation of concrete strength.
Industrial waste in concrete mixtures for construction of underground structures and minerals extraction
Authors: Kongar-Syuryun Cheynesh , Tyulyaeva Yulia , Khairutdinov Albert M , Kowalik Tomasz
Published: July 2020

An increase in population leads to an increase in the density of inhabitants in megacities and leads to an increase in consumed raw materials. The paper presents the description of the problems that arise for builders when building density increases and for producers of raw materials that arise when raw material is intensified. The analysis of the impact of construction and mining waste on the environment was carried out. Compositions of concrete mixes and methods of their preparation are offered to improve the quality and safety of life in megacities, as well as the safety of mining operations along with reducing the human impact on the ecosystem. Aspects of preparation of concrete mixes and questions of improvement of its quality by activation of components are revealed. The possibility of activation of construction and mining waste used as an inert aggregate in considered. The possibility of realization of non-waste production is considered.
Ceramic products and energy-efficient systems
Authors: Kodzoev Mukhamad-Basir , Isachenko Sergey , Bobrova Ekaterina , Efimov Boris , Bessonov Igor
Published: July 2020

The energy efficiency concept incorporates energy conservation and durability components involved in the operation of buildings and cost considerations pertaining to the manufacturing and installation of materials. Ceramic brickwork offers the highest reliability and durability category, is not combustible and in terms of these parameters has advantages over other insulated facade cladding systems. Improving the thermophysical properties of masonry made of calcined ceramic products is possible through the use of heat-efficient ceramics and, in particular, porous ceramic stones. It is notable that the use of combustible additives does not enable the uniform distribution of porosity across the material while the high ash content of some additives reduces the quality of the ceramic crock. In this connection, it was decided that the use of exfoliated vermiculite of up to 0.5 mm fraction would be reasonable. A completed experiment made it possible to establish the optimal density of exfoliated vermiculite and a methodology based on the correlation between the properties of ceramic-vermiculite products and consumption of exfoliated vermiculite and ceramic product calcination temperature.
Prediction of the modulus of elasticity of building materials based on wood-polymer composites
Authors: Matseevich Tatiana , Zhdanova Tatiana , Wang Chuang , Kondrashchenko Valeriy , Askadskii Andrey
Published: July 2020

The modulus of elasticity of mixtures of two polymers in glassy or crystalline states is predicted. In addition, the elastic modulus of composites containing a mixture of organic polymers and a mineral filler is predicted. The preparation of wood-polymer composites increases the elastic modulus from 2400 to 4660 MPa under tensile conditions. The introduction of a mineral filler in the form of CaCO3 leads to an increase in the E modulus to 3230 MPa with a CaCO3 content relative to the wood filler of 42%. The prediction of the elastic modulus for composites containing moso bamboo as a wood filler shows that with this content of wood filler, the modulus of elasticity can increase to 4400 MPa.
Analytical description of the hydrogen evolution from concrete under the effect of gamma radiation
Authors: Denisov Aleksandr
Published: July 2020

The formation of explosive gas mixtures due to the evolution of hydrogen from concrete structures for radiation protection of nuclear power buildings should be taken into account when designing and operating them. However, this requires methods for estimating and predicting the radiation evolution of hydrogen.

This paper was done due to the lack of analytical methods for determining the gas evolution from concrete and their components under the influence of gamma radiation. In the work, based on the available experimental data, the model was selected, checked, and adjusted for an analytical description of the process of hydrogen evolution from concrete on aggregates that do not contain water under the influence of gamma radiation.

When selecting the model, it was assumed that the evolution of hydrogen from concrete on aggregates that do not contain water under the effect of gamma radiation is mainly due to the radiation decomposition of evaporable water (free water and adsorbed water) from hardened cement paste (cement stone) and is determined by the amount of evaporable water in the material and the power of the absorbed dose of gamma radiation. It was taken into account that the amount of evaporable water during irradiation decreases with increasing time and temperature of irradiation.

Verification of the possibility of using the selected model, its necessary adjustment and determination of the main parameters of this model was performed on the basis of available experimental data on the evolution of hydrogen from Portland cement stone under the influence of gamma radiation. We used experimental data on the release of hydrogen and water from cement stone containing and practically not containing evaporable water when irradiated with gamma rays with an average energy of 1.25 MeV at the absorbed dose rate of 0.87 kGy/h, 3.84 kGy/h and 7.05 kGy/h at temperatures of 25, 40 and 60 °C for up to 2 months. The dependence of the model parameters on the absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation and the irradiation temperature is shown. For cement stone dried at 120 °C to remove evaporable water, the amount of residual evaporable water (residual evaporable water or decomposed chemically bound water) was studied and determined.
Filtering polymer material for wall drainage
Authors: Lyapidevskaya Olga
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the ensuring reliable protection of underground buildings and structures from groundwater influence. The analysis of existing methods and materials used in wall drainage systems is carried out. In order to improve the quality of construction and operation of underground structures, filtering drainage slabs made of polystyrene foam are proposed. To develop the design of slabs with longitudinal holes that increase their water permeability, the method of electro hydrodynamic analogies was used. Deformations of filtering slabs with holes with a diameter of 4 cm under the action of compressive loads exerted by backfill soil were investigated. Dependence of the compressive strength and water permeability of filtering slabs upon short-term (compressibility 10%) and long-term (compressibility 2%) loads is presented. Based on the results of the experiment, it is found that the obtained material has high filtration characteristics with sufficient strength and can be recommended for the protection of underground structures with a depth of up to 10 m.
Assessing the efficiency level of ground basalt stone and fine sand in compressive strength of portland cement
Authors: Dau Vu Dinh
Published: July 2020

Compressive strength of a portland cement were effected by natural mineral admixtures (PGKTN) such as basalt stone and fine sand. In general, a higher content of natural mineral admixture, a lower compressive strength of blended portland cement. Influence level depended on such as the kind and content, the fineness of natural mineral admiixture.

In this paper, study results on the efficiency level of ground basalt stone and fine sand on the compressive strength in mortar PCB was introduced. Investigation results show that the higher content of ground basalt stone and fine sand in blended portland cements, the lower compressive stregth were investigated. Efficiency level of natural mineral admixture in the compressve strength of blended portland cement is different for mortar and paste cement. Study data show efficiency levels of the chemical and physical effect by the active and inert components in these admixtures on compressve strength of blended portland cement. It confirmed that the efficiency level of these natural mineral admixtures in the compressve strength ís increased with the increasing of the content and grinding of a basalt stone and fine sand.
Researching materials to create insulating and decorating wall and floor tiles from concrete light decorated on foam glass bubble
Authors: Minh Nguyen Ngoc , Gia Nguyen Ngoc , Nguyen Ky Khac
Published: July 2020

Abstraction

Due to tropical climate, in Vietnam, the summer outdoor temperature is above 40°C, amplified by the high UV content sun rays (8-10) and thus, heated the atmosphere. A combination of high temperatures, sun-proofing roof, thin walls intertwined with glass wall panels has formed giant greenhouses and has caused the temperature inside the building to rise as if it is roasting the living residence. Clay tiles on the floor was deformed, causing surface cracking and leakage from rainwater. In order to reduce the heat transfer, the use of insulation materials, decorative for facade walls and roof floors is deemed a necessary solution, and the study of the application of decorative colored concrete proved to be the ultimate solution. The study of factors affecting the quality of wall cladding, heat-insulating and decorative products for walls and roof floors from lightweight concrete decorative blends insulating on porous glass aggregates will solve the problem that the Ministry of Construction Vietnam No. RD 44-19 project set out.
Experimental study on dynamic nanoindentation on structural weld zone
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Vinh , Pham Thai-Hoan
Published: July 2020

In this study, dynamic spherical indentation and finite element analysis were used to assess the strain rate sensitivity behavior of the SS400 structural steel weld zone. The influences of the loading rate on both yield strength and hardness of the base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metal are studied using dynamic spherical nanoindentation. The strain rate sensitivity (SRS) of three microstructural phases in the weld zone was also determined using the hardness model, as a result, the SRS behavior in the weld zone was investigated. The relationship of the SRS to the minimum yield stress of the investigated weld zone was constructed and compared with the general trend reported for several types of structural steel in the literature. To verify the SRS behavior in the weld zone, the tensile loading experiments on the weld specimen and finite element (FE) simulation of the tensile process considering the SRS behaviors of base metal, heat affected zone, and weld metal were conducted. The comparison of the engineering stress-engineering strain curves obtained from the tensile experiment and FE analysis is then constructed. Thus, the SRS behavior of the SS400 structural steel weld zone was validated through experimental verification. The present study provided a basic methodology to dynamic nanoindentation on the weld zone, and the experimental results of this study can be used in the practical designs and to understand the strain rate sensitivity behavior of microstructural phases in the weld zone.