bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in satisfaction with body in pregnant women participating in physical exercise classes and childbirth classes
Authors: Guszkowska Monika , Langwald Marta
Published: September 2014

Background

During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes major transformation contrary to the present ideal image of a slim body shape. Satisfaction with the body is important for a pregnant woman because it is one of the factors that determine her physical and mental well-being. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in the satisfaction with the body in women who regularly participated in physical exercise classes (experimental group) and in women who attended traditional childbirth classes (control group).

Participants and procedure

The research included 74 women aged 22-37 years in the second and third trimesters of their first pregnancy. The experimental group consisted of 39 pregnant women who participated in physical exercise classes from the Active Nine Months program for pregnant women. The control group consisted of 36 pregnant women who participated in typical childbirth classes twice a week. The Body Shape Test for Pregnant Women and the modified version of the Body Satisfaction Scale were used.

Results

After two months, women in both groups perceived their body shape as significantly bigger; the ideal figure became plumper, and the disparity between the actual and the ideal figure increased. Dissatisfaction with torso, motor skills, and appearance did not change in the experimental group; a significant increase of dissatisfaction with appearance and motor skills was observed in the control group.

Conclusions

Regular physical exercise helps pregnant women to maintain positive attitudes towards their body.
The Determinants of Norwegians' Summer Tourism Expenditure: Foreign and Domestic Trips
Authors: Thrane Christer
Published: September 2014

Statistical modelling of the variation in micro-level tourism expenditure is an ever-expanding topic of study. The present paper adds to this research by examining how and why foreign and domestic summer vacation trips incur cross-sectional differences in total trip expenditure for Norwegian households in the period 2009 to 2012. The paper also highlights how a number of other regressors explain variation in such expenditure. The main finding is that, in gross or unadjusted terms, Norwegian households spend more than three times as much on foreign summer trips as they do on domestic trips (that is, 225% more). In net or ceteris paribus terms, the analogue difference is 48%. Two important, but only partial explanations for the gross difference in total trip expenditure between foreign and domestic trips are choice of type of lodging and choice of transportation mode. Length of stay, purpose of trip, advance booking, frequency of vacation trips, age, income and gender all affect total trip expenditure. Whether the trip is foreign or domestic moderates the effects of some of the other regressors on total trip expenditure. Implications for future research are offered.
Dialética e práxis no pensamento de Jean-Paul Sartre (Uma leitura da Crítica da razão dialética)
Authors: Münster Arno
Published: September 2014

O artigo mostra a conversão teórica sartriana na direção do materialismo histórico e do marxismo. Destaca que essa conversão jamais implicou o abando no de certos conceitos do existencialismo. Na Crítica da razão dialética, Sartre buscou definir uma nova dialética, em que a dimensão existencial e subjetiva é parte do processo de transformação econômica, política e social.
A única intuição – o único pensamento: Sobre a questão do sistema em Fichte e em Schopenhauer
Authors: Kossler Matthias
Published: September 2014

No artigo que se segue, iremos relacionar o tema „intuição“ e „pensamento“ao problema, virulento no idealismo alemão, da sistemática filosófica. Depois que aconcepção kantiana de sistema assente na “Arquitetônica da razão” foi criticada comoformalista e que, ao mesmo tempo, se propagou no século XVIII a crítica aos sistemasracionalistas, exercida antes pelo empirismo, irrompeu no final desse século uma crisena filosofia, expressa talvez de modo mais marcante em um “fragmento” de FriedrichSchlegel: "É igualmente mortal ao espírito ter um sistema e não ter nenhum". Fichte eSchopenhauer tratam da questão do sistema reportando-a à relação entre intuição epensamento.
O estado de direito no idealismo alemão: Kant, Fichte, Hegel
Authors: Kervegan Jean-François
Published: September 2014

Esse artigo busca mostrar, em contraste com uma tradição já estabelecida, que afilosofia clássica alemã, longe de fazer do indivíduo simples apêndice do Estado, propõeuma verdadeira teoria do Estado de direito , e isso, antes mesmo que estatenha sido formulada pelos juristas liberais. Mas se trata de uma teoria crítica, que põe emevidência o caráter ilusório da idéia liberal segundo a qual a sociedade civil poderia furtarseinteiramente à tutela do Estado. Para Fichte e para Hegel, mas também para Kant,apenas um Estado verdadeiro, com os atributos de sua potência, pode ser um verdadeiroEstado de Direito.
Nota Sobre a Dúvida Cartesiana
Authors: Machado Alexandre N.
Published: September 2014

Esta nota tem como objetivo formular questões que mostram certas dificuldades na compreensão da dúvida metódica cartesiana. Trata-se de uma avaliação crítica que parte da seguinte hipótese: ou a dúvida metódica não é inteligível ou ela não é uma dúvida. Prima facie, a dúvida metódica parece ser irracional, pois em seu escopo estão proposições que parecem ser paradigmas de racionalidade. Algumas explicações da inteligibilidade da dúvida metódica parecem destituí-la do caráter de dúvida, como aquelas que procuram compatibilizar a dúvida metódica e a crença. As principais questões tratadas nesta nota são: (1) Qual é a motivação epistêmica da dúvida metódica? (2) Dado o que está disponível ao meditador na Primeira Meditação, o que é apresentado como razão para duvidar pode ser considerado realmente desse modo? Em especial, por que o apelo ao provável não neutraliza essas supostas razões? (3) A dúvida metódica é compatível com as necessidades epistêmicas da vida prática? (4) Qual é a natureza da atitude denominada dúvida” e qual é o seu objeto?
Alguns aspectos da compreensão hegeliana do ceticismo antigo a partir da crítica ao ceticismo de Gottlob Ernst Schulze
Authors: Barrére Martin Luiz Fernando
Published: September 2014

Em 1802, Hegel publica em Iena um artigo, “Relação do ceticismo à filosofia”, que tem como objetivo primeiro a crítica do ceticismo de Gottlob Ernst Schulze. A realização dessa crítica implicará numa retomada de alguns aspectos funda mentais do ceticismo antigo. Trata-se aqui de retomar a interpretação hegeliana do ceticismo antigo, a partir dessa crítica ao ceticismo moderno de Schulze.
Notas sobre direito, violência e sacrifício
Authors: Giacoia Junior Oswaldo
Published: September 2014

O artigo pretende investigar o papel fundamental da violência na genealogia dasinstituições sociais e suas conseqüências, visando refletir sobre problemas cardeais dafilosofia política contemporânea, como por exemplo, a fundação e a justificação do poderde comando, contrato social, estado democrático de direito, controle constitucional, estadode exceção e a possibilidade de compreensão de políticas que não se referem ao Estado.
Gramática e Verdade Necessária
Authors: Cuter João Vergílio Gallerani
Published: September 2014

Wittgenstein procura mostrar que a teoria dos tipos de Russell está condenada auma autodissolução. Ela só pode ser exposta na medida em que a exposição incorre emviolações sistemáticas das regras que a teoria tenta impor a toda a linguagem. Por outrolado, se for encarada enquanto mero sistema de regras para o uso de sinais, ela se tornacompletamente arbitrária. A teoria dos tipos apresenta na forma de uma invenção aquiloque, do ponto de vista do Tractatus, só poderia ser o resultado de uma descoberta: a estruturaessencial da realidade que a linguagem deve decalcar. É daí que surge, no Tractatus, asolução intermediária de uma "essência inefável". O problema se complica quando o Tractatusse revela uma alternativa inviável, e a idéia de uma estrutura essencial da realidade ficacomprometida. Tento fazer, no final do artigo, uma reflexão de tipo wittgensteiniano natentativa de determinar o que resta da noção de necessidade quando abandonamos a idéiade que a realidade possua uma estrutura essencial que a linguagem limita-se a decalcar.
Merleau-Ponty: da constituição à instituição
Authors: Chauí Marilena
Published: September 2014

O artigo analisa a presença e o papel dos conceitos de instituição e de constituição no interior da filosofia de Merleau-Ponty. Buscamos compreender a referência à obra de Husserl, onde tais conceitos se misturam à tarefa fenomenológica de superar a crise da razão através  da instalação  de  um  saber  rigoroso,  fundado  no  poder constituinte  da consciência. Levamos em conta, porém, o fato de que para Merleau-Ponty a fenomenologia precisa admitir que a infraestrutura secreta e selvagem onde nascem nossas teses não pode ser produzida pelos atos da consciência absoluta. Afinal, essa infraestrutura é o fundo a partir do qual toda e qualquer experiência se produz. Consequentemente, nosso saber não pode  ser  reduzido  à constituição  do  mundo  pela  consciência  absoluta.  Trata-se,  ao contrário, de buscar a gênese de nossas teses e de nossa compreensão do mundo numa dimensão anterior aos atos de consciência. Passagem de uma filosofia da posição para uma filosofia da gênese, a filosofia de Merleau-Ponty traz ademais, juntamente com a imbricação e a reversibilidade entre natureza e temporalidade, uma nova concepção da historicidade, que será proposta justamente pela noção de instituição. É essa passagem - da centralidadeda constituição em Husserl à instituição em Merleau-Ponty - que visamos trazer à luz.
Percepção Emocional e Processamento de Informações Emocionais no Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais: origens psicológicas do julgamento social
Authors: Ferreira Almada Leonardo
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo, pretendemos defender a tese segundo a qual julgamentos sociais se iniciam com a percepção emocional e com o processamento de informações emocionais no reconhecimento de expressões faciais. Para tanto, revisaremos modelos que discutem (i) os mecanismos pelos quais as expressões faciais são codificadas para transmitir informações e ser percebidas pelos outros, (ii) os mecanismos perceptivos de decodificação e categorização de expressões faciais e, por fim, (iii) os mecanismos pelos quais o reconhecimento de expressões faciais geram respostas emocionais e ajustes comportamentais e, por fim, (iv) a eficiência de nosso sistema perceptual na decodificação desses processos. Com essa discussão, nossa intenção é a de (i) explicitar em que sentido nossa percepção emocional de expressões faciais é um dos principais mecanismos evolutivos de regulação da vida e que (ii) o processamento de informações emocionais é um poderoso instrumento para assegurar a sobrevivência e sustentar razoáveis interações sociais.
A análise gödeliana do conceito de percepção
Authors: Schultz Sérgio
Published: September 2014

No presente artigo expomos alguns aspectos das concepções gödelianas acerca da percepção. Procuramos mostrar aqui que a comparação realizada por Gödel entre percepção sensível e racional, bem como suas concepções sobre esta última, correspondem a uma análise do conceito de percepção. Em uma primeira seção, expomos a analogia gödeliana entre percepção sensível e racional, salientando que ambas são comparadas tendo em vista seu status de relação de acesso a entes. A partir disto, argumentamos, na segunda seção, que subjazendo à analogia há uma análise do conceito de percepção como o conceito geral ou formal de uma relação de acesso, do qual a percepção sensível e a racional são casos particulares. Tal análise, como defendemos, acaba por ser mais adequada ao uso comum que fazemos deste conceito do que pareceria à primeira vista.
Materials on ecology of the Polish tremellaceous fungi
Authors: Wojewoda Władysław
Published: September 2014

Ecology and phenology of the Polish tremellaceous fungi is discussed in this paper. In Poland 60 species of this group are known: 45 of Tremellales, 13 of Auriculariales and 2 of Septobasidiales. A list of their hosts is given and a connection with plant communities is described. This paper is a supplement to the book „Fungi (Mycota)", vol. 8, Polish Flora (Wojewoda 1977).
Fungi obtained on various media from soil under banana trees near Logos in Nigeria
Authors: Ihnatowicz Aleksandra
Published: September 2014

From the soil samples collected from beneath various banana plant, Musa paradisiaca L., 96 different species of soil fungi were isolated on medium: Ohio-Agar, Littmans-Agar, Martins Rose Bengal-Agar and identified. Four species of keratinophilic fungi were isolated by means of To-Ka-Va trap-hair method.
Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi II. Succession of fungi on decomposing Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. f.) Stapf et Hubb.
Authors: Kanaujia R. S.
Published: September 2014

Sixty seven fungal species from the nonrhizosphere (NR), rhizopshere (RS) and cortical (RPC) and steler (RPS) parts of rhizopshere of crown (RC), middle (RM) and distal (RD) regions of decomposing roots of Pennisetum typhoides Burm. f.) Stapf. et Hubb. were isolated during December to June, 1970-72. The number of fungal species gradually decreased from NR—RPS in horizontal and RC—RD in vertical regions. The fungal population was always higher in RS of different depths than in corresponding NR regions. The amino acids and sugar components of the roots showed a direct correlation with the fungal population. The amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of roots gradually decreased from December to June. Root-washing collected from RC, RM and RD regions exhibited the presence of vanillic acid and 3-4 dihydroxy benzoic acid during March and April. It also exerted an adverse effect on the 10 rhizosphere fungi during this period. pH and moisture contents showed a poor correlation with the fungal population cxcept during summer months. Phycomycetes with species of Deuteromycetes obtained in the first phase were followed by Deuteromycetes along with few Ascomycetes in the second phase. In the last Deuteromycetes with some slerile mycelia were isolated. Aspergilli were the most numerous throughout the present investigation.
Thielavia achromatica A. Subrahm. sp. nov.
Authors: Subrahmanyam A.
Published: September 2014

Morphological characters and temperature relations of T. achromatica sp. nov. are presented.
Influence of mycorrhizal developmental stages and plant age on rhizosphere mycoflora of Pinus kesiya (Royle)
Authors: Sharma G. D.
Published: September 2014

Quantitatively the population was recorded to be high around thc mycorrhizal roots. Some fungi were specific to different stages of mycorrhizal development. Rhizopus nigricans and Cunninghamella elegans were recorded at 5% mycorrhizal association stage. Fusarium sp. was found at 20% mycorrhizal association, while Mucor spp. were obtained at 60% stage. Verticillium sp. had the highest frequency of occurrence in the beginning of mycorrhizal association but later on Penicilium spp. were found to be the most common. Sugar content of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots were determined to assess their effect on the mycorrhizospheric micropopulation. The mannitol and trehalose were present only in mycorrhizal roots.
Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi IV. Succession of fungi on Pennisetum typhoides in fertilized soils
Authors: Kanaujia R. S.
Published: September 2014

The mycoflora and its succession on decomposing roots of P. typhoides of plots fertilized with urea, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, organic manure, fresh leaves and twigs of Ipomoea fistulosa and irrigated has been investigated. Fungi were higher on fertilized plots, both a root surface and away from it (the control). Highest and lowest population were recorded soils fertilized with organic manure and I. fistulosa. The amino acids and sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of the roots from fertilized and control plots has been estimated and a correlation between mycoflora succession and the above components has been established.
Changos in phenolic contents of sheshum leaf exudates in response to infection with Phyllactinia dalbergiae
Authors: Bakshi Sunita , Chauhan R. K.
Published: September 2014

An increase in phenolic contents of leaf exudates was found after infection with Phyllactinia dalbergiae, but phenolic content decreased as the disease progressed. Healthy leaf exudates show a gradually decline in phenolic contents as the leaves mature.
Parasitic fungi of Noteć meadows and neighbouring areas adjacent on the stretch Nakło-Ujście
Authors: Michalski Andrzej
Published: September 2014

The paper contains a list of 312 species of fungi which are parasites of vascular plants in areas which are now in the Piła and Bydgoszcz voivodships. They were collected by the author (who died in 1973) in the years 1968-1973. Tilletia holci and Puccinia littoralis were reported for the first time in Poland and several species were observed on host previously not noted in Poland.
Materials on the knowledge of parasitic fungi of Masurian Lakeland, I. Erysiphales
Authors: Mikołajska Janina , Dynowska Maria
Published: September 2014

This paper includes 53 species of Erysiphales collected on the Masurian Lakeland (North-East of Poland). Most of them are common in our country. Erysiphe lythri on Lythrum salicaria are seldom met. Some other powdery mildews were found on host plants, where they appear rarely or are found only in some regions of Poland.
The formation of fungal associations in a mountain agricultural habitat of Trifolium pratense L. and Dactylis glomerata L.
Authors: Dorenda Maria
Published: September 2014

The communities of fungi in the soil, rhizosphere, planosphere and roots of Trifolium pratense L. and Dactylis glomerata L. were examined in pure and mixed crops. The plants were cultivated for four years under mountain conditions . The formation of these communities and the changes taking place in them depending on the plants and the years of culture were examined. No species pathogenic for clover and cocksfoot were observed in these mined. No species pathogenic for clover and cocksfoot were observed in these communities.
A taxonomic study of o strain of Trichosporon beigelii (Küch. et Rabenh.) Vuillemin from the soil
Authors: Maciejowska-Pokacka Zofaia
Published: September 2014

The morphology and physiology of a strain of Trichosporon beigelii was studied. Several kinds of spores and conidial stalks were observed. The observations indicate morphological characteristics should be used as positive and negative criteria in Identification of species of Trichosporon and in distinguishing it from related genera.
Myxomycetes of the Sudetes
Authors: Stojakowska Wanda
Published: September 2014

A floristic-ecological monograph of the Myxomycetes of the Sudetes is made. In the years 1965-81 on an investigated area 112 species were recorded (104 species in the Western Sudetes, 80 - in the Central Sudetes, 68 - in the Waster Sudetes), among them 3 mountain species (Diderma ochraceum, Cribraria rubiginosa and C. ferruginea) and 37 species new for the Sudetes. Physarum listeri and Reticularia lobata in Poland are known only from this area.
Soil mycoflora as a factor limiting the occurrence of fungi pathogenic for three varieties of Dactylis glomerata L.
Authors: Kutrzeba Maria
Published: September 2014

Fungal communities isolated from the soil, rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and roots of three varieties of Dactylis glomerata L. (Brudzynska, Motycka and Nakielska) cultivated in mountain conditions were examined. Two species pathogenic for D. glomerata, Fusarium avenaceum and F. culmorum were observed. Then pathogenicity in respect to the three varieties was examined and the effect of particular fungal communities on the pathogenic fungi was established.
Materials to knowledge of Gasteromycetes in province Zielona Góra
Authors: Ginko Bogusław , Wartalska Ewa
Published: September 2014

In the year 1979 observation of Gasteromyceies in province Zielona Góra were carried out. In eight reservations and on areas near them 23 species were collected altogether.
Medicina Geral e Familiar em Portugal
Authors: Costa Ana , Pedro Raquel , Magalhães Sara
Published: September 2014

Nas últimas décadas, tem-se assistido em Portugal ao desenvolvimento da especialidade de Medicina Geral e Familiar (MGF), à semelhança daquilo que tem ocorrido em outros países europeus. No presente artigo, são descritas as diversas alterações, tanto no nível da carreira médica como no nível da formação, que vieram a culminar no atual modelo a partir do qual é realizada a especialidade de MGF. São também explicadas de forma sucinta as etapas formativas, incluindo os seus objetivos principais, desafios e dificuldades, bem como os métodos de avaliação ao longo do internato. O objetivo é o de divulgar os moldes em que são feitos a formação específica e o ingresso na carreira de MGF em Portugal.
Telemedicine as an Ethics Teaching Tool for Medical Students within the Nephrology Curriculum
Authors: Bramstedt Katrina A. , Prang Melissa , Dave Sameer , Shin Paul Ng Hung , Savy Amani , Fatica Richard A.
Published: September 2014

A novel patient-centered approach was used to deliver ethics curriculum to medical students. Two medical school clinicians designed a telemedicine session linking their facilities (across 2 continents). The session, Exploring the Patient Experience Through Telemedicine: Dialysis and End-Stage Renal Disease, allowed second-year medical students to explore various parameters of quality of life experienced by dialysis patients. A panel of 4 medical students interviewed a dialysis patient via Skype video connection between the medical school and the hospital's dialysis unit. Interview questions were adapted from the Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument. During the live video-streamed interview, the remaining 23 second-year medical students observed the session. Afterward, the 23 were offered a voluntary anonymous online feedback survey (15 responded). The 4 panelists submitted narrative responses to 2 open-ended questions about their experience. All 15 responding students “Strongly agreed” or “Agreed” that the session was an aid to their professionalism skills and behaviors; 14 of 15 “Strongly agreed” or “Agreed” that telemedicine technology contributed to their understanding of the topic; 12 of 15 “Strongly agreed” that the session improved their understanding of the psychosocial burdens of dialysis, quality of life, and human suffering, and increased their empathy toward patients; and 12 of 15 “Strongly agreed” or “Agreed” that the session encouraged reflective thinking and was an aid to improving their communication skills. Telemedicine can be an effective and feasible method to deliver an ethics curriculum with a patient-centered approach. Additionally, the cross-cultural experience exposes students to additional contextual features of medicine.
The Bereavement Process of Tissue Donors' Family Members: Responses of Grief, Posttraumatic Stress, Personal Growth, and Ongoing Attachment
Authors: Hogan Nancy , Schmidt Lee , Coolican Maggie
Published: September 2014

Context

Donated tissues can save lives of critically burned patients and those needing a heart valve replacement. Tissues enhance the lives of a million recipients annually through transplants of corneas, bones, tendons, and vein grafts. Unfortunately, the need for some tissues exceeds their availability.

Objective

The goal of the quantitative component of this mixed methods study was to identify the grief, posttraumatic stress, personal growth, and ongoing attachment response of tissue donors' family members during a 2-year period.

Design

Simultaneous mixed methods design.

Participants

The sample for this study consisted of 52 tissue donors' family members, mostly widows (83%).

Data Collection and Analysis

Data were collected for 2 years to test changes in grief, posttraumatic stress, panic behavior, personal growth, and ongoing attachment. The bereaved participants experienced significantly fewer grief reactions, less posttraumatic stress, and greater personal growth. There was no significant difference in the ongoing attachment to their deceased loved ones.

Conclusion

The results of this study may reinforce the positive meaning that tissue donors' family members can find in tissue donation. Findings also demonstrate that the bereavement process corroborates contemporary bereavement and attachment theories. Health professionals are encouraged to seek donations with less worry that tissue donors' family members will experience adverse outcomes during bereavement.
A Psychosomatic Approach to Severe Nausea and Vomiting in Liver Transplant Recipients with Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: Clinical Outcome in 10 Cases
Authors: Telles-Correia Diogo , Moreira Ana-Lúcia Rodrigues
Published: September 2014

After transplant, patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy may manifest several medical and psychiatric symptoms that can be difficult to diagnose and treat. We describe 10 liver transplant candidates with familial amyloid polyneuropathy who had severe somatic signs and symptoms (nausea and vomiting) after transplant. Their physical examinations were performed by physicians from different specialties. Before transplant, the patients' evaluations did not reveal relevant medical or psychiatric symptoms. After transplant, they had severe nausea and vomiting and high scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A psychopharmacological trial with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor plus an antiemetic drug was unsuccessful. Remission was obtained with tricyclic antidepressants and low-dose atypical antipsychotic agents. Previous researchers had concluded that the mental quality of life in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy was worse after receiving a liver transplant, unlike other transplant recipients. The 10 cases described in this study are a good example of comorbid physical and mental symptoms occurring after transplant in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. The conclusions of this study have implications for clinical practice, showing how a careful holistic approach in the posttransplant period is relevant in these cases.
African American Organ Donor Registration: A Mixed Methods Design Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: DuBay Derek A. , Ivankova Nataliya , Herby Ivan , Wynn Theresa A. , Kohler Connie , Berry Beverly , Foushee Herman , Carson April P. , Redden David T. , Holt Cheryl , Siminoff Laura , Fouad Mona , Martin Michelle Y.
Published: September 2014

Context

A large racial disparity exists in organ donation.

Objective

To identify factors associated with becoming a registered organ donor among African Americans in Alabama.

Methods

Concurrent mixed methods design guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze African Americans' decisions to become a registered organ donor by using both qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (survey) methods.

Results

The sample consisted of 22 registered organ donors and 65 nonregistered participants from 6 focus groups completed in urban (n = 3) and rural (n = 3) areas. Participants emphasized the importance of the autonomy to make one's own organ donation decision and have this decision honored posthumously. One novel barrier to becoming a registered organ donor was the perception that organs from African Americans were often unusable because of the high prevalence of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Another novel theme discussed as an advantage to becoming a donor was the subsequent motivation to take responsibility for one's health. Family and friends were the most common groups of persons identified as approving and disapproving of the decision to become a donor. The most common facilitator to becoming a donor was information, whereas fear and the lack of information were the most common barriers. In contrast, religious beliefs, mistrust, and social justice themes were infrequently referenced as barriers to becoming a donor.

Conclusion

Findings from this study may be useful for prioritizing organ donation community-based educational interventions in campaigns to increase donor registration.
Demographic Representation of Generative Artificial Intelligence Images of Physicians
Authors: Lee Sang Won , Morcos Mary , Lee Dong Won , Young Jason
Published: August 2024

This cross-sectional study compares the race and ethnicity and gender of images of physicians generated by artificial intelligence (AI) with US physician demographic characteristics.
Pore‐Wall Decorated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Vapor Sensing
Authors: Tran Ly D. , Moore David C. , Patra Bidhan C. , Choi Junghoon , Hampton Cheri M. , Loveday Morgan E. , Bhagwandin Dayanni D. , Renggli Isabella , Muratore Christopher , Drummy Lawrence F. , Zhao Dan , Glavin Nicholas R. , Baldwin Luke A.
Published: August 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an attractive class of materials for sensing applications due to their inherent crystallinity, high surface area, and designable framework functionalities. While the majority of COFs have high electrical resistance, making it difficult to harness these materials for electronic sensors, real‐time impedance spectroscopy can enable gas and vapor sensing of a much wider range of COFs. Herein, a set of post‐synthetically modified (PSM) COFs are explored though a straightforward one‐step substitution reaction by reacting phenol moieties on the pore wall, with alkyl bromides, to embed alkyl, aryl, or alcohol groups into the framework. This modular approach provides access to improved sensor properties toward the detection of volatile organics, acids, and potentially harmful gases. Sensor results indicate that post‐synthetically modified COFs offer better sensitivity toward NO2 and acetic acid, with the aryl functionalized COF having an NO2 detection limit of 10 ppm. Furthermore, modified COFs also show higher selectivity toward isopropanol and toluene. This work highlights the importance of methods that facilitate post‐synthetic modification of COFs so that functional groups and COF properties can be tuned.
Engineering Heterostructured Piezoelectric Nanorods with Rich Oxygen Vacancy‐Mediated Piezoelectricity for Ultrasound‐Triggered Piezocatalytic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Wenying , Chen Qi , Song Feifei , Hua Mengying , Chang Meiqi , Feng Wei , Ding Li , Yang Bin , Chen Yu , Hu Zhongqian
Published: August 2024

Using piezoelectric bionanomaterials to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is being increasingly recognized in ultrasound (US)‐triggered tumor treatments. The mechanism underlying this innovative treatment involves US irradiation, which activates the built‐in electric field (BIEF) and induces energy‐band bending in piezoelectric materials (PEMs). In this study, Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN) nanorods (NRs) are synthesized using a molten salt method. Subsequently, oxygen‐vacancy (OV)‐rich SBN/Sr2Nb2O7 (SBN/SNO) heterojunction nanocomposites (NCs) are fabricated via H2 annealing of the SBN NRs. The engineering strategy focused on enhancing ROS generation, thereby augmenting the piezoelectric catalytic activity of the NCs. This configuration ensures that the BIEF and heterojunction‐induced field act synergistically to provide a sustained driving force for the separation of electron‐hole (e−‐h+) pairs. Importantly, the OVs on the surfaces of the H2‐annealed SBN NRs create electron‐rich sites, which substantially enhance their piezocatalytic capabilities. In vitro and in vivo analyses of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models demonstrate the significant cytotoxic and tumor‐inhibitory capabilities of this rich OV‐mediated sonopiezoelectric therapy (SPT) and illustrate its potential as a promising therapeutic approach against cancer.
Fabrication of Micro‐Mesopores on Spiral Carbon Nanocoils and Simultaneous Doping with Oxygen to Expand Microwave Absorption Bandwidth
Authors: Zuo Xueqing , Zhang Yifeng , Tian Jie , Sun Chen , Wen Ningxuan , Zhang Hao , Li Chengwei , Fan Zeng , Pan Lujun
Published: August 2024

The exceptional benefits of structural defects and doped atoms in carbon network regarding electromagnetic properties inspire the design of advanced carbon‐based microwave absorption (MA) materials. However, excessive structural defects decline the physical properties of materials, especially their conductivity. Therefore, it is a great challenge to balance structural defects and doped atoms to optimize conductive behavior for carbon‐based MA materials. The spiral carbon nanocoil (CNC), with coexisting amorphous and polycrystalline carbon structures and moderate conductivity, has significant MA properties but lacks pores and doped atoms. Herein, the amorphous carbon parts with relatively weak C─C bond energies are preferentially oxidized at 500 °C in air atmosphere to create pores and combine O atoms in the bodies of CNCs. Furthermore, the mechanism prioritizing the formation of O doping over defects is discovered. Benefiting from the synergistic interplay of structural defects and O dopants, the O‐enriched porous CNCs demonstrate enhanced conduction and polarization losses than the pure CNCs, realizing a wide effective absorption bandwidth of 7.3 GHz at a filling ratio of only 3 wt.%. Theoretical calculations further support these experimental results. The combination of structural defects and doped atoms may serve as an effective pathway for unlocking tunable dielectric properties of carbon‐based materials.
Advancing Scaffold‐Assisted Modality for In Situ Osteochondral Regeneration: A Shift From Biodegradable to Bioadaptable
Authors: Wu Han , Wang Xuejing , Wang Guocheng , Yuan Guangyin , Jia Weitao , Tian Liangfei , Zheng Yufeng , Ding Wenjiang , Pei Jia
Published: August 2024

Over the decades, the management of osteochondral lesions remains a significant yet unmet medical challenge without curative solutions to date. Owing to the complex nature of osteochondral units with multi‐tissues and multicellularity, and inherently divergent cellular turnover capacities, current clinical practices often fall short of robust and satisfactory repair efficacy. Alternative strategies, particularly tissue engineering assisted with biomaterial scaffolds, achieve considerable advances, with the emerging pursuit of a more cost‐effective approach of in situ osteochondral regeneration, as evolving toward cell‐free modalities. By leveraging endogenous cell sources and innate regenerative potential facilitated with instructive scaffolds, promising results are anticipated and being evidenced. Accordingly, a paradigm shift is occurring in scaffold development, from biodegradable and biocompatible to bioadaptable in spatiotemporal control. Hence, this review summarizes the ongoing progress in deploying bioadaptable criteria for scaffold‐based engineering in endogenous osteochondral repair, with emphases on precise control over the scaffolding material, degradation, structure and biomechanics, and surface and biointerfacial characteristics, alongside their distinguished impact on the outcomes. Future outlooks of a highlight on advanced, frontier materials, technologies, and tools tailoring precision medicine and smart healthcare are provided, which potentially paves the path toward the ultimate goal of complete osteochondral regeneration with function restoration.
Photo‐Active Soft Actuator Enabling Dynamic Manipulable Lenses with Surface Reshaping
Authors: Shen Ning , Yuan Conglong , Hu Honglong , Wang Yifei , Wang Zhaoyi , Zheng Zhigang
Published: August 2024

Manipulable lenses with tunable focal length have garnered great attention due to their unique advantages including strong adjustability, low power consumption, fast response times, and ease of integration. However, in the context of advancing intellectualization, weight reduction, and miniaturization of imaging systems, mere focal length adjustment is no longer sufficient. Herein, an innovative method is introduced for creating a dynamic light manipulable (DLM) lens with surface reshaping. This breakthrough is accomplished through the collaborative integration of a medium lens with an actuator based on photo‐active liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film, where the deformation of the photo‐active LCP film can be arbitrarily controlled by meticulously designing the orientation distributions of liquid crystal (LC) mesogens within the film. The lens with three distinct surfaces, including quasi‐cone, paraboloid, and 3 × 3 paraboloid array, are demonstrated with infrared stability, robust fatigue resistance, long natural recovery time, outstanding thermal stability, and excellent solvent resistance, further confirming the feasibility of the lens application in tunable display, imaging, infrared optics, and other systems. This work holds the promise of paving the way for a new generation of imaging systems.
Ene‐Reductase‐Catalyzed Aromatization of Simple Cyclohexanones to Phenols
Authors: Chen Jie , Qi Shaofang , Wang Zhiguo , Hu Liran , Liu Jialing , Huang Guixiang , Peng Yongzhen , Fang Zheng , Wu Qi , Hu Yujing , Guo Kai
Published: August 2024

Direct aromatization of cyclohexanones to synthesize substituted phenols represents a significant challenge in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, we describe a novel ene‐reductase (TsER) catalytic system that converts substituted cyclohexanones into the corresponding phenols. This process involves the successive dehydrogenation of two saturated carbon‐carbon bonds within the six‐membered ring of cyclohexanones and utilizes molecular oxygen to drive the reaction cycle. It demonstrates a versatile and efficient approach for the synthesis of substituted phenols, providing a valuable complement to existing chemical methodologies.
Water‐Involved Carbon‐Nitrogen Triple‐Bond Monomer Based Polymerization toward Processable Functional Polyamides under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Li Mingzhao , Jing Xiaoyi , Xia Jiehui , Tian Qi , Zhang Qiang , Wang Bingnan , Qin Anjun , Zhong Tang. Ben
Published: August 2024

Polyamide plays a pivotal role in engineering thermoplastics. Constrained by the harsh conditions and arduous procedures for its industrial synthesis, developing facile synthesis of polyamides is still challengeable and holds profound significance. Herein, we successfully utilized water as one of the monomers to synthesize functional polyamides under ambient conditions. A powerful multicomponent polymerization of water, isocyanides, and chlorooximes was established in phosphate‐buffered saline. Soluble and thermally stable polyamides with high weight‐average molecular weights (up to 53 900) were obtained in excellent yields (up to 95 %). The polymerization exhibits unique polymerization‐induced emission characteristics, successfully converting non‐emissive monomers into unconventional emissive polymers. Notably, the resultant polyamides could undergo effective post‐modification via the hydroxyl‐yne click reaction. By incorporating various functional groups into the polyamide, its emission color could be fine‐tuned from blue to green and to red. Remarkably, the refractive index (n) of the polyamide at 589 nm could be increased from 1.6173 to 1.7227 and the Δn could be unprecedentedly as high as 0.1054 for non‐heavy atom‐containing polymers after post‐modification, and its micron‐thick films exhibited excellent transparency in the visible region. Thus, this work not only establishes a powerful polymerization toward novel polyamides but also opens up an avenue for their versatile functionalization.
Formation of C–C and C–N bonds through primary alcohol oxidation catalyzed by ruthenium(II) POCOP pincer complexes
Authors: Roque‐Ramires Manuel A. , Restrepo‐Acevedo Andrés C. , Cuenú‐Cabezas Fernando , Le Lagadec Ronan
Published: August 2024

In this study, we present the successful application of new and known stable 16‐electron ruthenium(II) pincer complexes POCOP, based on the naphthoresorcinate backbone, [Ru(X)(POCOP)(CO)] (X = H, Cl, Br, I, OCOCF3), in the catalytic alkylation of ketones and the coupling between amines and primary alcohols under mild conditions. These protocols demonstrated tolerance to a wide range of alcohols, ketones, and anilines, with reactions proceeding in high conversions and selectivity towards the hydrogenated ketones and the imines. The use of an excess of alcohol as the proton source facilitated the formation of the hydrogenated products. These results mark a significant advancement in the development of catalytic reactions with ruthenium POCOP pincer derivatives.
Elucidation of mode of anticancerous activity of metal guanidinobenzimidazoles: A computational and experimental screening
Authors: Jabeen Erum , Khan Muhammad Saad , Qazi Zarmeena , Ghani Kalsoom , Dawood Hafiz Muhammad , Yousaf Samar , Fatima Rabia , Khan Azmat Ali , Razzaq Roha , Waqas Muhammad
Published: August 2024

DNA‐binding agents often exhibits dual behavior of simultaneous binding with protein associated with cancerous cell development pathways. This simultaneous protein binding if contributed to malfunctioning of pro‐apoptotic proteins will reduce anticancerous potential of drugs. The elucidation of binding target for anticancerous agent can give an insight into the cancer cell apoptotic pathway. Therefore, anticancerous Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes of 2‐guanidinobenzimidazole (2GBz) were subjected to DNA‐binding mode assay along with protein‐binding interference assay. The stoichiometry Zn‐2GBz and Ni‐2GBz were determined through density functional theory (DFT) and UV–Vis spectroscopy, followed by structural verification by X‐ray crystallography. The 2GBz and Ni‐2GBz were found to bind with grooves of DNA while groove binding of Zn‐2GBz induced unwinding of DNA through interactive pi‐stacking. Binding constant revealed the M‐2GBz to be a strong binder of DNA molecule with the effect of enhanced cell killing potential of M‐2GBz against MCF‐7 cell lines. Protein‐binding assay revealed that despite of significant interaction of M‐2GBz with chick serum albumin, DNA binding was not altered by simultaneous protein binding. The most potent Zn‐2GBz was found to be sphingosine 1 kinase 2 (SPhK2) which can be a cause of enhanced cancer cell apoptosis with lesser normal cell apoptosis than standard fluorouracil in MCF‐7 cell lines. Co‐administered Zn‐2GBz increased cancer cell sensitivity towards fluorouracil as potent anticancerous agent.
Five‐ or six‐membered aluminum metallocyclic complexes containing N, N bidentate oxazolinyl‐indolate chelate ring: Synthesis, structural, and catalytic studies
Authors: Chung Hao‐Yu , Li Cian‐Fu , Chen Ming‐Tsz , Chen Chi‐Tien
Published: August 2024

Treatment of two classes of oxazolinyl‐indolate ligand precursors with an equivalent trimethylaluminum reagent afforded four corresponding aluminum dimethyl complexes. Intramolecular functional groups were employed to switch coordination behaviors, resulting in the formation of two classes of five‐ or six‐membered aluminum metallocyclic complexes. The screening of the prepared aluminum complexes, mediated by 9‐anthracenemethanol as the initiating reagent in the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, showed significant activities at room temperature. The aluminum compound ligated by 2‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole possessed a suitable chelated ring size, and its intrinsic electronic properties maintained higher activity.
Synthesis and characterization of azo cross‐linked polymer as a new catalyst for the production of hydrogen gas by methanolysis of NaBH4
Authors: Gokkus Kutalmis , Gür Mahmut , Bütün Vural
Published: August 2024

The intensive use of fossil fuels has profound impacts on all ecosystems, primarily contributing to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate these impacts, alternative energy sources like hydrogen are crucial. In this study, azo cross‐linked polymer with 4‐aminophenyl sulfone and resorcinol were synthesized by a green synthesis method. The polymer was extensively characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunner‐Emmett‐Teller analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy analyses. Subsequently, the catalytic performance of the polymer in hydrogen production from NaBH4 via methanolysis was investigated. At this stage, the parameters affecting hydrogen production (catalyst and NaBH4 amounts, MeOH volume and temperature) were systematically studied to determine optimum conditions. The maximum HGR values of the polymer was 13,100 and 27,000 mL min−1 gcat−1 at 30 and 60°C, respectively and its activation energy was 10.45 kJ mol−1. After optimization, the reusability of azo polymer was tested with 5 cycles. The theoretical volume of hydrogen was produced in all 5 cycles. But with each cycle, the hydrogen production time increased. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate novel azo‐linked polymers with high catalytic activity in hydrogen production. The results revealed significant potential of the polymer for hydrogen generation. Overall, this research highlights the promising role of azo cross‐linked polymers as effective catalysts for hydrogen production, offering new perspectives and pathways towards sustainable energy solutions.
Dope dyeing of tannic acid modified ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fabric
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Ke Guizhen , Chen Chunmei
Published: August 2024

In this study, we examined dyeing behavior of tannic acid modified ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fabric. Whole study was conducted to see the effect of tannic acid on dope dyeing performance of the fabric. Tannic acid and its complex with sodium salt TA‐Na+ complex were used for pretreatment. After dope dyeing, the color strength of fabrics, color fastness, surface morphology, and fiber structure were characterized by k/s value, color difference, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The effect of treatment conditions was also discussed. The results had shown better color strength and washing fastness were obtained after tannic acid treatment, especially after TA‐Na+ complex treatment. SEM observation indicated the tannic acid adhesion on fabric surface. Both EDS and FTIR results showed the enhancement of surface polarity. And the UHMWPE fabric treated with 1% (w/v) TA‐Na+ with pH ranging 4–5 for 6 h showed better color durability over time. Approach was suitable because of sustainable, green behavior of tannic acid and entire process had a low cost.
Sustainable polyurethane coatings derived from alkyds of Camelina oil monoglycerides
Authors: Nadim Elham , Paraskar Pavan , Hesabi Mohammadnabi , Yahyaei Hossein , Murphy Emma J. , Major Ian
Published: August 2024

This study presents the synthesis of sustainable urethane coatings derived from alkyds of Camelina oil (CO) monoglycerides, offering a sustainable alternative to petrochemical resources. Utilizing immobilized lipase for a low‐temperature glycerolysis reaction, high‐yield monoglycerides were obtained from CO. These were then reacted with dibasic acids (phthalic, succinic, and maleic anhydride) to produce alkyd diols, confirmed by both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The hydroxyl functionality of the alkyd diols showed a significant enhancement (up to 2200%) over crude CO produced Camelina‐based alkyd diols were incorporated into polyurethane formulations and applied to metal substrates. Comprehensive performance evaluations revealed their superior mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties in comparison with previously reported plant‐based alkyd‐urethane coatings, especially for the phthalic anhydride‐derived alkyd diol. The present research underscores the potential of Camelina‐derived alkyds in creating high‐performance, plant‐based coatings, aligning with recent sustainability trends in material science.