bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of health-related quality of life after total knee arthroplasty: a case–control study
Authors: Askari Alireza , Mohammadpour Mehdi , Jabalameli Mahmoud , Naeimipoor Niloofar , Goodarzy Babak , Jafari Behnam , Rashidi Heeva , Mousazadeh Fatemeh , Rajei Maziar , Khazanchin Amir , Bahardoust Mansour , Hassanzadeh Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves patients’ Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to before surgery. However, based on our knowledge, the improvement in HRQoL after TKA, which depends on various factors, has yet to be investigated compared to healthy people. This study aimed to evaluate the HRQoL of patients compared to healthy people and the factors affecting the HRQoL after TKA. In this matched case–control study (1002 participants), HRQoL in 501 patients who underwent TKA between 2015 and 2022 at Shafa Yahyainan Hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences were compared with 501 healthy controls. HRQoL was evaluated in two parts (before compared to 12 months after TKA and 12 months after TKA compared to the healthy population). The 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate HRQoL 12 months after surgery. The influencing factors on HRQoL were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. No significant difference was observed in the demographic characteristics of the participants in the two groups. The mean overall SF-36 score, 12 months after surgery, significantly improved compared to before surgery (64.21 ± 22.2 vs. 37.55 ± 15.13, p:0.001). The mean total score of SF-36 was statistically similar between the case and control groups (64.21 ± 22.2 VS 72.53 ± 25.3). The multivariate analysis showed that sex, BMI, number of comorbidities, postoperative compliance, and complications were significantly related to the decrease in patients’ HRQoL (P < 0.001).TKA can improve the HRQoL except for two subscales of happiness/vitality and physical performance, similar to the healthy population. Female gender, obesity and overweight, comorbidity, bilateral TKA, non-adherence to postoperative physiotherapy, and complications were associated with decreased HRQoL.
Molecular subtypes of ischemic heart disease based on circadian rhythm
Authors: Zhou Zhaokai , Zhang Ge , Wang Zhan , Xu Yudi , Qin Hongzhuo , Zhang Haonan , Zhang Pengpeng , Li Zhengrui , Xu Shuai , Tan Xin , Zeng Yiyao , Yu Fengyi , Zhu Shanshan , Chang Le , Zheng Youyang , Han Xinwei
Published: June 2024

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) is among the most prevalent chronic diseases globally. Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is closely associated with the progression of various diseases. However, the precise role of CRD in the development of CAD remains to be elucidated. The Circadian rhythm disruption score (CRDscore) was employed to quantitatively assess the level of CRD in CAD samples. Our investigation revealed a significant association between high CRDscore and adverse prognosis in CAD patients, along with a substantial correlation with CAD progression. Remarkably distinct CRDscore distributions were also identified among various subtypes. In summary, we have pioneered the revelation of the relationship between CRD and CAD at the single-cell level and established reliable markers for the development, treatment, and prognosis of CAD. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may offer new possibilities for incorporating "the therapy of coronary heart disease based circadian rhythm" into personalized medical treatment regimens.
The role of the tropical Atlantic in tropical Pacific climate variability
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Capotondi Antonietta
Published: June 2024

Interactions between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans can affect tropical Pacific variability and its global impacts at both interannual and decadal timescales. Thus, a deepened understanding of the coupled Atlantic-Pacific interactions is needed. While possible dynamical mechanisms by which the Atlantic can influence the Pacific have been identified, the effectiveness of those mechanisms is difficult to establish using climate model simulations where Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are prescribed and Pacific feedbacks cannot be realistically included. As an alternative approach, here we use a Linear Inverse Model (LIM) trained on observations and capable of correctly reproducing the observed statistics, to assess the relative role of the Atlantic-to-Pacific and Pacific-to-Atlantic influences on tropical Pacific variability. Our results indicate that Atlantic internal variability can enhance interannual SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific, and decadal SST anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific, while Pacific influences on the Atlantic significantly damp tropical Pacific decadal variability. This methodological framework could also be used to assess climate model fidelity in representing tropical basin interactions, helping to reconcile existing differences among models’ results.
The dominant factor in extreme dust events over the Gobi Desert is shifting from extreme winds to extreme droughts
Authors: Zhu Qingzhe , Liu Yuzhi
Published: June 2024

Gobi Desert (GD) is one of the major global dust sources, where dust events are frequent. Based on satellite observations, we compiled extreme dust events (EDEs) over the GD during spring since 2000. Among all 43 extreme events, EDEs on 4–10 April 2001 (EDE 2001) and 14–19 March 2021 (EDE 2021) are the most pronounced, due to the longest duration and the most intense strength, while the generation mechanisms underlying these two EDEs are different. EDE 2001 is associated with extreme westerlies, which are caused by an abnormal low-pressure due to the extreme Eurasian teleconnection (EU). However, EDE 2021 is attributable to extreme droughts, which are caused by an abnormal high-pressure due to the extreme Arctic Oscillation (AO) and West Pacific teleconnection (WP). Moreover, the trends in EU, AO, and WP combined with the analysis of all EDEs indicate a shift in the dominant factor of EDEs over the GD from extreme winds to extreme droughts. Therefore, regional droughts should be given more importance in future EDE forecasts.
AI powered quantification of nuclear morphology in cancers enables prediction of genome instability and prognosis
Authors: Abel John , Jain Suyog , Rajan Deepta , Padigela Harshith , Leidal Kenneth , Prakash Aaditya , Conway Jake , Nercessian Michael , Kirkup Christian , Javed Syed Ashar , Biju Raymond , Harguindeguy Natalia , Shenker Daniel , Indorf Nicholas , Sanghavi Darpan , Egger Robert , Trotter Benjamin , Gerardin Ylaine , Brosnan-Cashman Jacqueline A. , Dhoot Aditya , Montalto Michael C. , Parmar Chintan , Wapinski Ilan , Khosla Archit , Drage Michael G. , Yu Limin , Taylor-Weiner Amaro
Published: June 2024

While alterations in nucleus size, shape, and color are ubiquitous in cancer, comprehensive quantification of nuclear morphology across a whole-slide histologic image remains a challenge. Here, we describe the development of a pan-tissue, deep learning-based digital pathology pipeline for exhaustive nucleus detection, segmentation, and classification and the utility of this pipeline for nuclear morphologic biomarker discovery. Manually-collected nucleus annotations were used to train an object detection and segmentation model for identifying nuclei, which was deployed to segment nuclei in H&E-stained slides from the BRCA, LUAD, and PRAD TCGA cohorts. Interpretable features describing the shape, size, color, and texture of each nucleus were extracted from segmented nuclei and compared to measurements of genomic instability, gene expression, and prognosis. The nuclear segmentation and classification model trained herein performed comparably to previously reported models. Features extracted from the model revealed differences sufficient to distinguish between BRCA, LUAD, and PRAD. Furthermore, cancer cell nuclear area was associated with increased aneuploidy score and homologous recombination deficiency. In BRCA, increased fibroblast nuclear area was indicative of poor progression-free and overall survival and was associated with gene expression signatures related to extracellular matrix remodeling and anti-tumor immunity. Thus, we developed a powerful pan-tissue approach for nucleus segmentation and featurization, enabling the construction of predictive models and the identification of features linking nuclear morphology with clinically-relevant prognostic biomarkers across multiple cancer types.
Spatial iTME analysis of KRAS mutant NSCLC and immunotherapy outcome
Authors: Zhao Dan , Li Haiqing , Mambetsariev Isa , Mirzapoiazova Tamara , Chen Chen , Fricke Jeremy , Wheeler Deric , Arvanitis Leonidas , Pillai Raju , Afkhami Michelle , Chen Bihong T. , Sattler Martin , Erhunmwunsee Loretta , Massarelli Erminia , Kulkarni Prakash , Amini Arya , Armstrong Brian , Salgia Ravi
Published: June 2024

We conducted spatial immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) profiling using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 25 KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including 12 responders and 13 non-responders. An eleven-marker panel (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD68, arginase-1, CD33, HLA-DR, pan-keratin (PanCK), PD-1, and PD-L1) was used to study the tumor and immune cell compositions. Spatial features at single cell level with cellular neighborhoods and fractal analysis were determined. Spatial features and different subgroups of CD68+ cells and FOXP3+ cells being associated with response or resistance to ICIs were also identified. In particular, CD68+ cells, CD33+ and FOXP3+ cells were found to be associated with resistance. Interestingly, there was also significant association between non-nuclear expression of FOXP3 being resistant to ICIs. We identified CD68dim cells in the lung cancer tissues being associated with improved responses, which should be insightful for future studies of tumor immunity.
Population-level normative models reveal race- and socioeconomic-related variability in cortical thickness of threat neurocircuitry
Authors: Harnett Nathaniel G. , Fani Negar , Rowland Grace , Kumar Poornima , Rutherford Saige , Nickerson Lisa D.
Published: June 2024

The inequitable distribution of economic resources and exposure to adversity between racial groups contributes to mental health disparities within the United States. Consideration of the potential neurodevelopmental consequences, however, has been limited particularly for neurocircuitry known to regulate the emotional response to threat. Characterizing the consequences of inequity on threat neurocircuitry is critical for robust and generalizable neurobiological models of psychiatric illness. Here we use data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study 4.0 release to investigate the contributions of individual and neighborhood-level economic resources and exposure to discrimination. We investigate the potential appearance of race-related differences using both standard methods and through population-level normative modeling. We show that, in a sample of white and Black adolescents, racial inequities in socioeconomic factors largely contribute to the appearance of race-related differences in cortical thickness of threat neurocircuitry. The race-related differences are preserved through the use of population-level models and such models also preserve associations between cortical thickness and specific socioeconomic factors. The present findings highlight that such socioeconomic inequities largely underlie race-related differences in brain morphology. The present findings provide important new insight for the generation of generalizable neurobiological models of psychiatric illness.
Interfacial solar evaporation for zero liquid discharge desalination
Authors: Yao Jiarong , Zhong Qiuyue , Zhang Jin , Zhao Jianguo , Wang Zhenxing
Published: June 2024

Interfacial solar evaporation is a sustainable and effective method that uses solar energy to produce freshwater. As this technology continues to develop, the ability of interfacial solar evaporators to tolerate high salt concentrations and achieve stable evaporation has gradually improved. Some evaporators can even achieve complete separation of water and solutes, resulting in zero liquid discharge. Here, we discuss strategies for interfacial solar evaporators for treating high-salinity wastewater and achieving zero liquid discharge. We particularly focus on representative management strategies, including timely removal of salt crystals and prevention of salt deposition on photothermal materials. Additionally, we present three design ideas for evaporators, including the fundamental principles behind these strategies. Current challenges and future research opportunities are proposed.
Gender differences in the perceived impacts of coastal management and conservation
Authors: Harper Sarah J. , Gurney Georgina G. , Darling Emily , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Jupiter Stacy , Lestari W. Peni , Holmes Katherine E. , Sumaryati Susi , Sulisyati Rohmani , Fox Margaret , Ban Natalie C.
Published: June 2024

Gender influences the ways that people are involved in and rely on coastal resources and spaces. However, a limited understanding of gender differences in this context hinders the equity and effectiveness of coastal management and conservation. Drawing on data collected through purposive sampling from 3063 people in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Indonesia, Kenya, and Madagascar, we explored how men and women perceived the effects of coastal management and conservation on human well-being. We found significant gender differences in perceptions of the presence of impacts, whereby 37% of women and 46% of men perceived individual-level impacts, while 47% of women and 54% of men perceived community-level impacts. When asked about the degree and direction of impacts, the responses were not significantly different by gender. When describing the types of impacts, women and men articulated these differently, particularly impacts related to economic, governance, and health aspects of well-being. These findings highlight pathways for developing more equitable and gender-responsive coastal management and conservation initiatives aimed at safeguarding biodiversity, sustaining fisheries, and supporting the well-being of all those who depend on the marine environment.
Advancing electrocatalytic reactions through mapping key intermediates to active sites via descriptors
Authors: Sun Xiaowen , Araujo Rafael B. , dos Santos Egon Campos , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong , Yu Xiaowen
Published: June 2024

This review provides a systematic and comprehensive summary of the relevance of physical and chemical features mapping key reaction intermediates and their applications as descriptors in critical electrocatalytic reactions.
High-sensitivity determination of heavy metal elements in water with circular grooves and nanoparticle-enhanced LIBS
Authors: Yuan Lin , Wang Qiuyun , Yu Hailong , Lang Peng , Li Han , Gao Xun , Lin Jingquan
Published: June 2024

In this work, surface enhanced & nanoparticle enhanced LIBS combined with micro/nanostructures was used to improve the spectral intensity, sensitivity, and repeatability of Cu I, Pb I and Cr I in water.
Surface treatments on concrete: an overview on organic, inorganic and nano-based coatings and an outlook about surface modification by rare-earth oxides
Authors: Thissen Peter , Bogner Andreas , Dehn Frank
Published: June 2024

Typical coatings incorporate organic groups as carrier of hydrophobicity and polar groups at the solid interface, which are weak points in the interaction with water. In contrast, REOs are shielded from interactions with the environment.
Characterizing and understanding the photovoltage in n-Si/Au light-addressable electrochemical sensors
Authors: Hussain Armeen , Mancini Kayla , Khatib Yousef , O'Neil Glen D.
Published: June 2024

The photovoltage (Voc) of n-Si/Au photoelectrodes varies with the solution potential (E0) when E0 falls between the valence and conduction band edges of the semiconductor but is constant when E0 is more positive than the valence band edge.
Length dependent reversible off–on activation of photo-switchable relay anion transporters
Authors: Johnson Toby G. , Sadeghi-Kelishadi Amir , Langton Matthew J.
Published: June 2024

A homologous series of photo-switchable relay anion transporters is reported. Length and shape of the relay influences the rate of transport, enabling visible light regulation of activity and tunability of the irradiation wavelength.
Design of vilazodone-donepezil chimeric derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Guo Liyuan , Chang Zelei , Tong Jianbo , Gao Peng , Zhang Yakun , Liu Yuan , Yang Yulu , Wang Chunying
Published: June 2024

Through 3D-QSAR modeling, virtual screening, and molecular docking, theoretically active compounds are designed, and the reliability of the newly designed compounds is confirmed by ADMET property predictions and molecular dynamics simulations.
Illuminating the property space in crystal structure prediction using Quality-Diversity algorithms
Authors: Wolinska Marta , Walsh Aron , Cully Antoine
Published: June 2024

We apply quality diversity, an expanded framework built on top of evolutionary algorithms, to crystal structure prediction with the objective of finding a diverse set of realistic crystal structures.
rNets: a standalone package to visualize reaction networks
Authors: Pablo-García Sergio , Pérez-Soto Raúl , Sabadell-Rendón Albert , Garay-Ruiz Diego , Nosylevskyi Vladyslav , López Núria
Published: June 2024

In the study of chemical processes, visualizing reaction networks is pivotal for identifying crucial compounds and transformations.
New types of open-framework vanadium borophosphates with photocatalytic properties
Authors: Wang Yiyao , Liu Xing , Zhou Jian , Zou Hua-Hong
Published: June 2024

The interconnection of [H3O⊃(V2BP2O12)6]17− clusters and unsaturated [Cd(H2O)3]2+ or [TM(H2O)2.5(H2aeae)0.5]3+ (TM = Mn, Co) complexes leads to new types of open-framework vanadium borophosphates with photocatalytic properties.
Highly uniform platinum photodeposited hollow mesoporous titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of phenol
Authors: Kudaibergen Dauletkerey , Kim Geun Young , Choe Hyun-Seok , Park Jeong-Min , Kim Han-Gil , Lee Donghyun , Jeon Heewoo , Lee Changha , Kim Jae-Hyuk
Published: June 2024

Pt-photodeposited hollow mesoporous titania nanoparticles exhibit excellent phenol degrading photocatalytic efficiency by providing abundant reaction sites, improved mass transport, Pt-enhanced absorption band extension, reduced e− h+ recombination.
Longevity extension in rats via improved redox homeostasis with high carbohydrate diet intervention from weaning to adulthood: a comprehensive multi-omics study
Authors: Dong Yuanjie , Zhu Qiushuang , Li Yuqiao , Wang Ruohua , Xu Wenyu , Tang Xuanfeng , Li Xiaoqing , Lv Xinyi , Kong Xiangju , Cai Liying , Niu Yucun
Published: June 2024

Early dietary patterns potentially influence the health status and lifespan throughout adulthood and the entire lifespan.
Biomass-derived carbon-based catalysts for lignocellulosic biomass and waste valorisation: a circular approach
Authors: Belluati Marco , Tabasso Silvia , Calcio Gaudino Emanuela , Cravotto Giancarlo , Manzoli Maela
Published: June 2024

Within a circular approach, cost-effective, tailored and robust biomass-derived catalysts to convert biomass play a key role in biorefinery developments.
Bio-inspired synthesis of N-doped TiO2/C nanocrystals using jellyfish mucus with high visible-light photocatalytic efficiency
Authors: Feng Song , Liu Lingchen , Lin Jianing , Wang Ziwei , Gu Jinzeng , Zhang Lutao , Zhang Bin , Sun Song
Published: June 2024

The mesoporous N-doped TiO2/C nanocrystals with high visible-light photocatalytic efficiency were fabricated by using mucus proteins of harmful jellyfish Aurelia coerulea and Nemopilema nomurai as dopants.
Synthesis of γ-Cu2(OH)3Cl/LDH composites as Fenton catalysts to mineralize aniline: successive mineralization by hydroxyl and superoxide radicals
Authors: Wang Hao , Shen Tingting , Li Yang , Wang Longfang , Xiong Ying , Wu Yan
Published: June 2024

A novel γ-Cu2(OH)3Cl/LDH composite as Fenton catalyst can generate more HO˙ and O2˙− to successively mineralize aniline under circumneutral pH.
Optimizing the quantum capacitance of AsXBr/AsYBr ((X ≠ Y) = S, Se and Te) Janus heterostructures for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Kolavada Himalay , Shaikh Gaushiya A. , Gajjar P. N. , Gupta Sanjeev K.
Published: June 2024

Tailoring the characteristics of AsXBr/AsYBr ((X ≠ Y) = S, Se and Te) Janus heterostructures for advanced supercapacitor applications.
Continuous synthesis of hexanitrostilbene using a difunctional electrochemical reactor
Authors: Wang Yuqiu , Zhang Guangyuan , Jiang Shuaijie , Lu Ming , Wang Pengcheng
Published: June 2024

A novel method for the eco-friendly synthesis of hexanitrostilbene using a difunctional electrochemical reactor is introduced, facilitating effective blending of feedstock and transformation of C–C bonds into CC bonds simultaneously.
The effect of host size on binding in host–guest complexes of cyclodextrins and polyoxometalates
Authors: Su Pei , Zhu Xiao , Wilson Solita M. , Feng Yuanning , Samayoa-Oviedo Hugo Y. , Sonnendecker Christian , Smith Andrew J. , Zimmermann Wolfgang , Laskin Julia
Published: June 2024

Supramolecular structural binding motifs of cyclodextrins and polyoxometalates probed by gas-phase ion mobility spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations, which are highly correlated to solution-phase counterparts.
A general graph neural network based implicit solvation model for organic molecules in water
Authors: Katzberger Paul , Riniker Sereina
Published: June 2024

Novel approach combining graph neural network and the physically motivated functional form of an implicit solvent model enables the description of solvation effects with the accuracy of explicit solvent simulations at a fraction of the time.
Aluminosilicate colloidal gels: from the early age to the precipitation of zeolites
Authors: Poulesquen Arnaud , Gomes Rodrigues Donatien , Keshavarz Bavand , Courtois Nicolas , Ilavsky Jan , McKinley Gareth H.
Published: June 2024

Aluminosilicate hydrogels are often considered to be precursors for the crystallisation of zeolites carried out under hydrothermal conditions.
Evolution of the structure and interaction in the surfactant-dependent heat-induced gelation of protein
Authors: Kumar Sugam , Aswal Vinod K.
Published: June 2024

Exploring the comprehensive phase diagram, encompassing the solution/gel states of protein–surfactant dispersion with respect to the dispersion temperature, surfactant concentration, and ionic behavior (anionic or cationic) of the surfactant.
Dimethylphosphite electrosynthesis from inorganic phosphorus building blocks via oxidative coupling
Authors: Li Junnan , Bemana Hossein , Kornienko Nikolay
Published: June 2024

Organophosphorus compounds carry importance in the chemical, medical, and fertilizer industries.
Applications of the R.A.I.S.E. Assessment Framework to Support the Process of Assessment in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Gallée Jeanne , Volkmer Anna , Whitworth Anne , Hersh Deborah , Cartwright Jade
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

To establish the extent to which person-centered processes are integrated in assessment procedures, the Relationship, Assessment, Inclusion, Support, Evolve (R.A.I.S.E.) Assessment framework was used to evaluate measures that are typically used when assessing people living with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Method:

Forty-five assessment tools were evaluated through the lens of the five R.A.I.S.E. principles: building the client–clinician
R
elationship,
A
ssessment choices,
I
ncluding the client and care partners, providing
S
upport, and
E
volving procedures to match client capability and progression. The principles were operationalized as questions for raters to evaluate whether a measure met this aspect of the R.A.I.S.E. Assessment framework.

Results:

Ten measures commonly used in the assessment of people living with PPA met all R.A.I.S.E. principles. These measures centered upon the elicitation of naturalistic discourse, conversation, client self-report, and clinician ratings. Thirteen measures did not meet any of the criteria, and represented standardized evaluation procedures do not provide the opportunity to connect to the client, elicit or provide feedback or support, nor to adapt in response to need or performance.

Conclusions:

Whether using standardized or informal assessment tools, a relational and qualitative approach to providing assessment is paramount to promote client success and therapeutic engagement. We provide guidance through the R.A.I.S.E. framework on practices to cultivate person-centered processes of assessment in the care of people living with PPA.
Insulator Defect Recognition Based on Vision Big‐Model Transfer Learning and Stochastic Configuration Network
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Ma Yihua , Zheng Zedong , Pang Xinfu , Li Bingyou
Published: June 2024

Insulator faults are an important factor in causing outages and accidents in power transmission lines. In response to problems related to inefficient insulator positioning, limited robustness of insulator defect feature extraction methods, and the scarcity of defective insulator samples leading to poor classifier generalization, a method for insulator defect detection and recognition based on vision big‐model transfer learning and a stochastic configuration network (SCN) is proposed. First, data augmentation methods, such as Mosaic and Mixup, are employed to mitigate overfitting in the YOLOv7 network. Second, StyleGanv3 adversarial generative networks are used to augment the dataset of defective insulators, which enhances dataset diversity. Third, a vision big‐model transfer learning method based on DINOv2 is introduced to extract features from insulator images. Finally, an SCN classifier is used to determine the status of insulators. Experimental results demonstrate that the applied data augmentation methods effectively mitigate overfitting. YOLOv7 accurately detects insulator positions, and the use of the DINOv2 feature extraction method increases the accuracy of insulator defect recognition by 28.6%. Compared with machine learning classification methods, the SCN classifier achieves the highest accuracy improvement of 17.4%. The proposed method effectively detects insulator positions and recognizes insulator defects.
Hybrid brain tumor classification of histopathology hyperspectral images by linear unmixing and an ensemble of deep neural networks
Authors: Cruz‐Guerrero Inés A. , Campos‐Delgado Daniel Ulises , Mejía‐Rodríguez Aldo R. , Leon Raquel , Ortega Samuel , Fabelo Himar , Camacho Rafael , Plaza Maria de la Luz , Callico Gustavo
Published: June 2024

Hyperspectral imaging has demonstrated its potential to provide correlated spatial and spectral information of a sample by a non‐contact and non‐invasive technology. In the medical field, especially in histopathology, HSI has been applied for the classification and identification of diseased tissue and for the characterization of its morphological properties. In this work, we propose a hybrid scheme to classify non‐tumor and tumor histological brain samples by hyperspectral imaging. The proposed approach is based on the identification of characteristic components in a hyperspectral image by linear unmixing, as a features engineering step, and the subsequent classification by a deep learning approach. For this last step, an ensemble of deep neural networks is evaluated by a cross‐validation scheme on an augmented dataset and a transfer learning scheme. The proposed method can classify histological brain samples with an average accuracy of 88%, and reduced variability, computational cost, and inference times, which presents an advantage over methods in the state‐of‐the‐art. Hence, the work demonstrates the potential of hybrid classification methodologies to achieve robust and reliable results by combining linear unmixing for features extraction and deep learning for classification.
Efficient propagation modelling for open‐confined mixed space using a hybrid ray‐tracing/waveguide theory method
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , Qin Hao , Wang Junhong , Hou Weibin , Zhang Xingqi
Published: June 2024

The accurate prediction of radio wave propagation along highways plays an important role in the design of high‐speed highway communication systems. The open‐confined mixed space is a connection zone between the open space and confined tunnel along the highway. A hybrid propagation model is presented based on ray‐tracing (RT) and waveguide theory, for the efficient modelling of open‐confined mixed space. The proposed model employs RT to predict radio waves emitted by sources with arbitrary radiation patterns in open space sections, and utilises the waveguide theory approach to accelerate the prediction process in the confined tunnel sections. Both two‐ray and six‐ray RT models are included to take into account the suburban and urban environments. Numerical results are compared with simulated results generated by RT as well as experimental measurements. The validity and usefulness of the proposed model are demonstrated in an actual open‐confined mixed space environment.
Torque ripple suppression in non‐commutation interval of the coreless brushless DC motor based on unipolar PWM predictive control
Authors: Zeng Chong , Wan Zhongxin , Huang Song , He Jiao
Published: June 2024

Aiming at the torque ripple caused by significant current ripple and non‐ideal back‐electromotive force (back‐EMF) of coreless brushless DC motor (BLDCM), an incremental predictive control strategy based on unipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) is proposed in the non‐commutation interval. Firstly, the unipolar PWM scheme is used to double the current ripple frequency, which can reduce the current ripple. On this basis, the current prediction equations of adjacent control periods are subtracted to obtain the incremental current prediction equation, and the influence of non‐ideal back‐EMF on torque ripple suppression is eliminated. Finally, combined with the author's previous research on the commutation torque ripple suppression strategy, an integrated suppression strategy for non‐commutation and commutation interval is proposed. The experimental results show that, compared with the PI control strategy, the total torque ripple of the proposed strategy is reduced to less than 35%, and the current ripple is reduced. Meanwhile, the commutation time is shortened, and the advantages of coreless motor rapid response are retained. The strategy is universal, not limited by motor parameters and operating conditions, and has theoretical and engineering value.
Study of X-ray emission from the S147 nebula by SRG/eROSITA: Supernova-in-the-cavity scenario
Authors: Khabibullin Ildar I. , Churazov Eugene M. , Chugai Nikolai N. , Bykov Andrei M. , Sunyaev Rashid A. , Utrobin Victor P. , Zinchenko Igor I. , Michailidis Miltiadis , Pühlhofer Gerd , Becker Werner , Freyberg Michael , Merloni Andrea , Santangelo Andrea , Sasaki Manami
Published: June 2024

The Simeis 147 nebula (S147) is particularly well known for a spectacular net of Hα-emitting filaments. It is often considered one of the largest and oldest (∼105 yr) cataloged supernova remnants in the Milky Way, although the kinematics of the pulsar PSR J0538+2817 suggests that this supernova remnant might be a factor of three younger. The former case is considered in a companion paper, while here we pursue the latter. Both studies are based on the data of SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey observations. Here, we confront the inferred properties of the X-ray emitting gas data with the scenario of a supernova explosion in a low-density cavity, such as a wind-blown-bubble. This scenario assumes that a ∼20 M⊙ progenitor star has had a low velocity with respect to the ambient interstellar medium, and so stayed close to the center of a dense shell created during its main-sequence evolution till the moment of the core-collapse explosion. The ejecta first propagate through the low-density cavity until they collide with the dense shell, and only then does the reverse shock go deeper into the ejecta and power the observed X-ray emission of the nebula. The part of the remnant inside the dense shell remains non-radiative till this point, plausibly in a state with Te < Ti and nonequilibrium ionization. On the contrary, the forward shock becomes radiative immediately after entering the dense shell, and, being subject to instabilities, gives the nebula its characteristic “foamy” appearance in Hα and radio emission.
SODA – A tool to predict storm-induced orbit decays for low Earth-orbiting satellites
Authors: Krauss Sandro , Drescher Lukas , Temmer Manuela , Suesser-Rechberger Barbara , Strasser Andreas , Kroisz Sophia
Published: June 2024

Due to the rapidly increasing technological progress in the last decades, the issue of space weather and its influences on our everyday life has more and more importance. Today, satellite-based navigation plays a key role in aviation, logistic, and transportation systems. With the strong rise of the current solar cycle 25 the number and intensity of solar eruptions increasesd. The forecasting tool SODA (Satellite Orbit DecAy) is based on an interdisciplinary analysis of space geodetic observations and solar wind in-situ measurements. It allows the prediction of the impact of in-situ measured interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) on the altitude of low Earth-orbiting satellites at 490 km with a lead time of about 20 h, which is defined as the time difference between measuring the minimum Bz component and the orbit decay reaching its maximum. Additionally, it classifies the severeness of the expected geomagnetic storm in the form of the Space Weather G–scale from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). For the establishment and validation of SODA, we examined 360 ICME events over a period of 21 years. Appropriated variations in the thermospheric neutral mass density, were derived mainly from measurements of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. Related changes in the interplanetary magnetic field component Bz were investigated from real-time measurements using data from spacecraft located at the Lagrange point L1. The analysis of the ICME-induced orbit decays and the interplanetary magnetic field showed a strong correlation as well as a time delay between the ICME and the associated thermospheric response. The derived results are implemented in the forecasting tool SODA, which is integrated into the Space Safety Program (Ionospheric Weather Expert Service Center; I.161) of the European Space Agency (ESA).
Mitarbeitsunabhängige Klasse II Therapie mit der Herbstapparatur –
Ein Überblick
Authors: Schmid Jonas Q. , Hohoff Ariane
Published: June 2024

Die Therapie der Angle Klasse II gehört zu den häufigsten kieferorthopädischen
Behandlungsaufgaben. Befundabhängig stehen verschiedene Therapieoptionen zur
Verfügung, unter anderem eine Behandlung mittels Herbstapparatur, die im
permanenten Gebiss - auf oder nach dem Wachstumsgipfel - besonders effektiv ist.
Die Kombination mit vollständig individuellen lingualen Multibracketapparaturen
kann mögliche Nebenwirkungen des Herbstscharniers reduzieren. Ziel dieses
Artikels ist ein Literaturüberblick zum Thema Therapie mittels Herbstapparatur
und die Veranschaulichung der Methode anhand von Fallbeispielen.
Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative C–H Bond Amination of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in Aqueous Media under Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Kshirsagar Umesh A. , Sarothiya Durgesh
Published: June 2024

The metal-free direct oxidative cross-dehydrogenative C–H bond amination of imidazopyridines with pyrazole in water as solvent has been developed under K2S2O8-promoted mild conditions. This strategy was applied to variable imidazoheterocycles to give amination products in moderate to good yields. The described protocol also offers scale-up synthesis for the construction of C–N bonds, which makes it suitable for the synthesis of biologically active compounds and pharmaceuticals.
Ru-Mediated and Sulfur-Directed ortho-C–H Activation of Benzyl Thioethers with Internal Alkynes and Selective Hydrothiolation of Acetylene Dicarboxylates
Authors: Joshi Raj K. , Kumari Sangeeta , Tomar Vijesh , Soni Aditi , Manisha Manisha , Sharma Charu
Published: June 2024

In this report, we have established a Ru(η6-C6H6)Cl2 catalysed ortho-C–H activation of benzyl thioethers with alkynes under milder reaction conditions. The sulfur atom of benzyl thioethers worked as a directing group for ortho-C–H activation of benzyl thioethers. The reaction was found to tolerate a range of benzyl thioethers as well as alkynes. Moreover, the reaction is significantly influenced by the length of alkyl and aryl thioethers, with the best results being obtained with benzyl thioethers. Kinetic isotopic experiments suggest that the ortho-C–H bond-breaking is not a rate-determining step for the present reaction. In an unusual observation that has not been reported, apart from ortho-C–H activation, under the same reaction conditions, a selective debenzylative hydrothiolation was exclusively obtained with acrylates, which broadens the synthetic impact of benzyl thioethers for the preparation of mixed chalcogen ethers.
Association between Cognitive Abilities before the Age of 3 Years and Those at Least 1 Year Later in Children with Developmental Delay
Authors: Jun Kwangohk , Park Donghwi , Eo Hyoshin , Woo Seongho , Koo Won Mo , Kim Jong Min , Lee Byung Joo , Chang Min Cheol
Published: June 2024

Objective This study investigated whether early cognitive assessment in children with developmental delay (DD) predicts cognitive development. We investigated the correlation between cognitive and language development in children with DD, cerebral palsy (CP), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods Data were collected from children diagnosed with DD who visited the hospital between 2015 and 2023. The assessments included the Korean Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Second Edition (K-BSID-II) and the Korean Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence Fourth Edition (K-WPPSI-IV). Language development was evaluated using the Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) and Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES). The statistical analysis involved a correlation analysis.

Results Among 95 children in the study, a significant correlation was discovered between early cognitive assessments (the Mental Developmental Index from the K-BSID-II) and later cognitive development (the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient from the K-WPPSI-IV) in the DD and CP groups, but not in the ASD group. The DD and CP groups exhibited significant correlations in language development between the SELSI and PRES, whereas the ASD group did not.

Conclusion Early cognitive assessments can predict later cognitive development in children with DD and CP, but not in those with ASD, according to this study. There was a strong correlation between language and cognitive development in the DD and CP groups, highlighting the importance of early intervention and assessment for these children. Further investigation is necessary to address these limitations and refine demographic data.
New Polymeric Disulfonimide for Heterogeneous Silicon Lewis Acid Catalysis
Authors: Giorgianni Giuliana , Casacchia Maria Edith , Pesciaioli Fabio , Ricci Pier Carlo , Di Muzio Simone , Lazzarini Andrea , Carlone Armando
Published: June 2024

A new heterogeneous polymeric disulfonimide was very easily synthesized from simple commercially available reagents. The new cost-effective catalytic material exhibited a tremendously enhanced reactivity in a benchmark Mukaiyama aldol reaction via silicon Lewis acid activation when compared with common acidic resins. Moreover, the reported polymeric disulfonimide exhibits outstanding robustness, as confirmed by its good thermal stability and excellent recyclability.
Big data, risk classification, and privacy in insurance markets
Authors: Eling Martin , Gemmo Irina , Guxha Danjela , Schmeiser Hato
Published: June 2024

The development of new technologies and big data analytics tools has had a profound impact on the insurance industry. A new wave of insurance economics research has emerged to study the changes and challenges those big data analytics developments engendered on the insurance industry. We provide a comprehensive literature review on big data, risk classification, and privacy in insurance markets, and discuss avenues for future research. Our study is complemented by an application of the use of big data in risk classification, considering individuals' privacy preferences. We propose a framework for analyzing the trade-off between the accuracy of risk classification and the discount offered to policyholders as an incentive to share private data. Furthermore, we discuss the conditions under which using policyholders' private data to classify risks more accurately is profitable for an insurer. In particular, we find that improving the accuracy of risk classification, if achieved by requiring the use of private data, does not necessarily provide an incentive for insurers to create more granular risk classes.
Digital security by design
Authors: Radanliev Petar
Published: June 2024

This paper scrutinises the evolving digital security landscape, encompassing technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and industry-specific challenges. It explores the influence of technologies like AI, quantum computing, and blockchain on security paradigms whilst identifying emergent threats. The study analyses the interplay between digital security and legislative policies, underlining their impact on industry practices and individual behaviours. Sector-specific examinations are conducted, pinpointing unique security concerns in sectors such as healthcare and finance and advocating bespoke solutions. The study highlights discrepancies between security intentions and actions, proposing strategies to bridge this divide. Projecting into the future, we anticipate shifts in technology and regulation, culminating in pragmatic recommendations for stakeholders. This article offers an informed perspective on digital security, laying the groundwork for proactive approaches in a dynamic digital environment.
From unseen to seen in post-mining polluted territories: (in)visibilisation processes at work in soil contamination management
Authors: Bonincontro Tessa , Cerceau Juliette , Tena-Chollet Florian , Becerra Sylvia
Published: June 2024

In line with EU recommendations, the potential ‘mining revival’ in France focuses on (re)opening mines. In this context, political discussions on post-mining areas have increased, driven by past mismanagements. Scientists are key in these regions, studying contamination, advising policy, and seeking solutions. Based on a case study of phytoremediation research in Saint-Laurent-Le Minier, we explore how lay and expert knowledge intersect. By examining what is hidden and by whom, we unveil research practices and stakeholder dynamics, sparking reflection on the research process while promoting a reflexive approach for researchers. We show research and its application spotlight specific topics (such as soil contamination), select, and make visible certain lay knowledge and local stakeholders and visibilises certain technological choices.
Organic carbon and short-range order minerals responsible for cementation of the spodic horizon (ortstein): a new proposal of chemical extractions in undisturbed samples
Authors: Pilar Mateus Roveda , Melo Vander Freitas , Roveda Luis Fernando , Lima Marcelo Ricardo , de Oliveira Junior Jairo Calderari
Published: June 2024

Context The cementation of spodic horizons (ortstein) has long been studied through chemical analysis in disturbed soil samples of <2 mm (soil structure destructuring). Aims Use of the undisturbed samples and selective chemical extractions to study the soil organic matter (SOM) and short-range order phase (SROP) cementing the spodic horizon. Methods The study was carried out in a Spodosol (ortstein) from southern Brazil in undisturbed cubes (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm). The undisturbed cubes were separated in two visual colour standards (yellow colour (YC – 10YR 6/8) and yellow dark colour (YDC – 10YR 4/3)) and were submitted to four SROP chemical extractions (pyrophosphate (PYR), ammonium oxalate (AO), NaOH 0.5 mol L−1, and water). Key results The choice of selective SROP extraction in two colour standards of undisturbed samples enabled the identification of cementation details of the ortstein : (1) SOM illuviation also increases Fe, Al, Mn, Si, Ca, and Mg contents; (2) the SRO-Fe and Al oxides cover the SOM and/or there is a larger proportion of mineral in relation to OC in the organo/mineral association; (3) SRO-Al oxides were the main compounds responsible for cementation; and (4) the illuvial SOM associated with SRO-Fe oxides did not contribute to ortstein physical stability. Conclusions and implications The best extractions to study the samples were AO for YC colour and NaOH for YDC colour. We recommend the use of undisturbed samples and the inclusion of NaOH 0.5 mol L−1 in the chemical protocol for analysis to better understand which organic and mineral phases clog the ortstein pores in different pedogenetic conditions around the world.
Mental representation of words and concepts in late multilingualism
Authors: Sperl Laura , Schroeger Anna , Kaufmann Jürgen M. , Kreysa Helene
Published: June 2024

Speakers of multiple languages must store the respective lexical items efficiently to enable correct access.
Importantly, all items must be linked to semantic information and world knowledge. One prominent model of the mental lexicon of
late bilinguals is the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994), which
postulates bidirectional but asymmetrical connections between separate stores for L1 (native language) and L2 (second/foreign
language), and a shared conceptual store. Using German native speakers with advanced English proficiency, Experiment 1 largely
confirmed model predictions regarding different preferred mental routes and processing times depending on translation direction.
Moreover, the original design was extended by including abstract stimuli and picture naming in L2. A series of additional
measures, such as proficiency and age of acquisition, served to specify the language experience of the participants and made it
possible to compare the results with a group of non-native speakers of German (Experiment 2). Interestingly, the results suggest
that the model also applies to two or more non-native languages, potentially influenced by the experimental and environmental
language context.