bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on a Hydraulic Cylinder Pressure Control Method for Efficient Traction Operation in Electro-Hydraulic Hitch System of Electric Tractors
Authors: Luo Zhenhao , Wang Jihang , Wu Jing , Zhang Shengli , Chen Zhongju , Xie Bin
Published: August 2023

The tractor is the primary power device of the agricultural production process. For the problem that the traditional electro-hydraulic hitch control method for tractors cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of maintaining a constant ploughing depth and improving traction performance and electric tractor overall efficiency, this paper proposes a hydraulic cylinder pressure control method of the electro-hydraulic hitch system for electric tractors. We establish a tractor-implement system dynamic model, calculate the rear axle load of the tractor in real-time according to the actual working parameters under the premise of ensuring the constant ploughing depth, construct a traction performance objective optimization function, and use the genetic algorithm to solve the optimal hydraulic cylinder pressure value of the electro-hydraulic hitch system. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation results show that the electric tractor under the traditional position control method and the hydraulic cylinder pressure control method has an average wheel slip of 18.50% and 16.93%, an average traction efficiency of 71.35% and 73.08%, and an average overall efficiency of 50.81% and 52.40%. The hydraulic cylinder pressure control method proposed in this paper reduces the wheel slip by 9.27%, increases the traction efficiency by 2.42%, improves the electric tractor overall efficiency by 3.13%, and reduces the electric tractor overall energy loss by 7.67% compared with the traditional position-control method. Therefore, the hydraulic cylinder pressure control method of the electro-hydraulic hitch system proposed in this paper can achieve the purpose of effectively improving tractor traction performance and reducing tractor energy loss while maintaining a constant ploughing depth. This study offers technological references for electric tractors to improve traction performance and reduce the overall energy loss of electric tractors.
The Medium-Blocking Discharge Vibration-Uniform Material Plasma Seed Treatment Device Based on EDEM
Authors: Hui Yunting , Huang Chen , Liao Yangyang , Wang Decheng , You Yong , Bai Xu
Published: August 2023

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds by plasma can improve seed vigor and promote seed germination and growth. To solve the problems of low processing volume and uneven treatment in plasma seed treatment devices, according to the process scheme of medium-blocking discharge plasma seed treatment, a medium-blocking discharge vibration-uniform material plasma seed treatment device was designed, the structure and working principle of the vibration-uniform material device were systematically analyzed, and the mathematical model of seed force was established. According to electromagnetic vibration theory, the seed sorting and conveying principles were analyzed in the lower trough, and the relevant parameters were selected and calculated. Using EDEM discrete element simulation software, a numerical simulation of alfalfa seed feeding and vibration-uniform material process was carried out. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was established. The results showed that the vibration amplitude and groove shape significantly affected the coefficient of variation of seed uniformity on the groove during the seed feeding and vibration-uniform material processes, and the groove wheel speed had a certain effect on the coefficient of variation of uniformity. The main order of factors affecting the uniformity of seed spreading was vibration amplitude B > notch shape C > speed A. The optimal speed was 35 r/min, the optimal notch shape was circular, and the optimal vibration amplitude was 0.55 mm.
In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Bevacizumab Biosimilar MB02 as an Antitumor Agent in Canine Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Cardama Georgina A. , Bucci Paula L. , Lemos Jesús S. , Llavona Candela , Benavente Micaela A. , Hellmén Eva , Fara María Laura , Medrano Eduardo , Spitzer Eduardo , Demarco Ignacio A. , Sabella Patricia , Garona Juan , Alonso Daniel F.
Published: August 2023

Canine mammary carcinomas (CMC) are associated with major aggressive clinical behavior and high mortality. The current standard of care is based on surgical resection, without an established effective treatment scheme, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel effective therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis and progression in the majority of solid cancers, including human and canine mammary carcinomas. The first therapy developed to target VEGF was bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, which has already been approved as an anticancer agent in several human cancers. The goal of this work was to establish the therapeutic value of MB02 bevacizumab biosimilar in CMC. First, through different in silico approaches using the MUSCLE multiple-sequence alignment tool and the FoldX protein design algorithm, we were able to predict that canine VEGF is recognized by bevacizumab, after showing an extremely high sequence similarity between canine and human VEGF. Further, by using an ELISA-based in vitro binding assay, we confirmed that MB02 biosimilar was able to recognize canine VEGF. Additionally, canine VEGF-induced microvascular endothelial cell proliferation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by MB02 biosimilar. These encouraging results show a high potential for MB02 as a promising therapeutic agent for the management of CMC.
Editorial on the Special Issue “Application of Petrography, Geochemistry, and Geomechanics to Architectural Heritage”
Authors: Santo Alba Patrizia
Published: August 2023

In historical architecture, which includes many types of monuments and ancient buildings, natural stone was used as the main building material because of its natural beauty, availability and durability [...]
Advances in Graphene and Graphene-Related Materials
Authors: Latorrata Saverio , Balzarotti Riccardo
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the investigation into and development of graphene-based materials have been continuing, and have formed the basis of a remarkably large number of the latest publications in the fields of materials science, applied chemistry, and electronics [...]
Comparative Grain Size Analysis of Modern Flood Sediments Based on Graphic and Moment Methods in the Lower Yellow River (Huang He), China
Authors: Tang Liang , Zheng Shuwei , Wang Haijun , Zhang Wentong
Published: August 2023

Grain size analysis of flood sediments is a key method for understanding the sedimentary environments of rivers worldwide; however, there is limited knowledge of how to effectively reflect the sedimentary environment of lower Yellow River (Huang He) flood events using grain size parameters. In this study, two widely used grain size analysis methods, the graphic method (GM) and moment method (MM), were compared, and their applicability to flood sediment analysis in the lower Yellow River was evaluated. Modern flood sediments (n = 143) in the lower Yellow River featured a fine-grained texture and were classified as silty sand (4.95 ≤ Φ ≤ 5.03) characterized by an inadequate sorting ability. The grain size distribution patterns obtained using the GM and MM revealed positive and extremely positive deviations with sharp and flat peaks, respectively. A strong correlation (0.6966 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.9961) was observed between the mean grain size and the sorting coefficient obtained using the GM and MM. Thus, both methods were deemed suitable and could be used interchangeably. Our results indicate that the MM should be applied to assess skewness because it provided comprehensive information regarding flood sediments in the lower Yellow River, whereas the GM is recommended for kurtosis analysis, as it highlighted the primary sedimentary dynamics during flood events. Methods must be selected based on the sedimentary environment when analyzing grain size parameters.
Structural Failures of Adobe Buildings during the February 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes
Authors: Işık Ercan
Published: August 2023

Türkiye experienced great destruction during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake couple which occurred as Pazarcık (Mw = 7.7) and Elbistan (Mw = 7.6) on 6 February 2023. The weak structural characteristics and the magnitude of the earthquakes caused more than 50,000 casualties. Significant damage occurred in both urban and rural building stock in 11 different provinces that were primarily affected by the earthquakes. The dominant building stock is masonry structures in the rural areas of the earthquake region. Structural damages at various levels have occurred in adobe masonry structures built using local labours and resources without any engineering service. The main purpose of this study is to examine the failure and collapse mechanisms of adobe structures after Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in detail. First of all, information about both earthquakes was given. The earthquake intensity for all provinces was obtained by using the peak ground acceleration-intensity relation suggested for Türkiye, taking into account the measured PGAs in earthquakes. The observed structural damages were evaluated in terms of earthquake and civil engineering in adobe structures. Damage classification was conducted using European Macro-Seismic Scale (EMS-98) for a total of 100 adobe buildings. Of these structures, 25% were destroyed, 49% were heavily damaged, 15% were damaged moderately, and 11% were damaged slightly. In addition, the rules regarding adobe structures were compared considering the last two earthquake design codes used in Türkiye. In the study, suggestions were also presented to prevent structural damage in the adobe buildings in the earthquake region. Low strength of adobe material, usage of heavy earthen roofs, failure to comply with earthquake-resistant building design principles, and insufficient support of load-bearing walls are the main causes of damage.
Measuring the Seismic Resilience of Housing Systems in Italy
Authors: Anelli Angelo , Vona Marco , Mori Federico , Moscatelli Massimiliano
Published: August 2023

In recent decades, one of the most interesting innovations has undoubtedly been the application of resilience principles to the study and mitigation of seismic risk. However, although new rigorous mathematical models have become available in the context of seismic resilience assessment, their applications to real case studies focus on a local scale, or even single structures. Consequently, new models and procedures are absolutely necessary to adopt resilience measurements in the formulation of mitigation strategies on a national or subnational scale. Given the crucial role of residential buildings in the global resilience of Italian cities against major earthquakes, a new framework for large-scale applications is proposed to roughly measure the seismic resilience of communities through the integration of an empirical recovery function based on the reconstruction process of housing systems in the aftermath of the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquake. As a first attempt, the framework is applied to housing systems in the southern regions of Italy by modelling their physical damage with vulnerability curves defined on the basis of macroseismic approaches. The main results are presented and discussed in terms of average functionality levels over time in order to compare and understand the recovery capacity of the considered housing systems.
Contralateral Routing of Signal Disrupts Monaural Sound Localization
Authors: Ausili Sebastian A. , Snapp Hillary A.
Published: August 2023

Objectives: In the absence of binaural hearing, individuals with single-sided deafness can adapt to use monaural level and spectral cues to improve their spatial hearing abilities. Contralateral routing of signal is the most common form of rehabilitation for individuals with single-sided deafness. However, little is known about how these devices affect monaural localization cues, which single-sided deafness listeners may become reliant on. This study aimed to investigate the effects of contralateral routing of signal hearing aids on localization performance in azimuth and elevation under monaural listening conditions. Design: Localization was assessed in 10 normal hearing adults under three listening conditions: (1) normal hearing (NH), (2) unilateral plug (NH-plug), and (3) unilateral plug and CROS aided (NH-plug + CROS). Monaural hearing simulation was achieved by plugging the ear with E-A-Rsoft™ FX™ foam earplugs. Stimuli consisted of 150 ms high-pass noise bursts (3–20 kHz), presented in a random order from fifty locations spanning ±70° in the horizontal and ±30° in the vertical plane at 45, 55, and 65 dBA. Results: In the unilateral plugged listening condition, participants demonstrated good localization in elevation and a response bias in azimuth for signals directed at the open ear. A significant decrease in performance in elevation occurs with the contralateral routing of signal hearing device on, evidenced by significant reductions in response gain and low r2 value. Additionally, performance in azimuth is further reduced for contralateral routing of signal aided localization compared to the simulated unilateral hearing loss condition. Use of the contralateral routing of signal device also results in a reduction in promptness of the listener response and an increase in response variability. Conclusions: Results suggest contralateral routing of signal hearing aids disrupt monaural spectral and level cues, which leads to detriments in localization performance in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Increased reaction time and increasing variability in responses suggests localization is more effortful when wearing the contralateral rerouting of signal device.
Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye Using a CuS/ZnS p-n Heterojunction Nanocomposite under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Mugumo Rachel , Ichipi Emmanuel , Tichapondwa Shepherd M. , Chirwa Evans M. Nkhalambayausi
Published: August 2023

The aim of this work was to investigate a new, simple, one-pot combustion synthesis technique for creating sulphur-based CuS/ZnS p-n heterojunction nanocomposite photocatalysts. This study examined the photocatalytic activity and reusability of these nanocomposites in removing rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible-light irradiation. Various methods of characterisation were employed to determine the properties of the materials, including particle morphology, crystalline phases, and bandgap energy. The intrinsic reaction parameters, such as catalyst loading, the pH level of the solution, and initial pollutant concentration, were varied to establish the optimal photodegradation conditions. The results showed that a binary CuS/ZnS catalyst with a 10 g L−1 loading, at pH 5, degraded 97% of 5 ppm RhB dye after 270 min of visible light irradiation. Additionally, this composite catalyst exhibited excellent chemical stability and reusability, achieving 83% RhB dye removal after five recycling runs. Scavenger tests identified the photogenerated holes (h+) and superoxide free radicals (•O2) as the primary reactive species responsible for degradation. This study provides valuable insight into the design of highly efficient nanomaterials for removing organic pollutants in wastewater, and a possible reaction mechanism is proposed.
Cellular and Genomic Features of Muscle Differentiation from Isogenic Fibroblasts and Myoblasts
Authors: Benarroch Louise , Madsen-Østerbye Julia , Abdelhalim Mohamed , Mamchaoui Kamel , Ohana Jessica , Bigot Anne , Mouly Vincent , Bonne Gisèle , Bertrand Anne T. , Collas Philippe
Published: August 2023

The ability to recapitulate muscle differentiation in vitro enables the exploration of mechanisms underlying myogenesis and muscle diseases. However, obtaining myoblasts from patients with neuromuscular diseases or from healthy subjects poses ethical and procedural challenges that limit such investigations. An alternative consists in converting skin fibroblasts into myogenic cells by forcing the expression of the myogenic regulator MYOD. Here, we directly compared cellular phenotype, transcriptome, and nuclear lamina-associated domains (LADs) in myo-converted human fibroblasts and myotubes differentiated from myoblasts. We used isogenic cells from a 16-year-old donor, ruling out, for the first time to our knowledge, genetic factors as a source of variations between the two myogenic models. We show that myo-conversion of fibroblasts upregulates genes controlling myogenic pathways leading to multinucleated cells expressing muscle cell markers. However, myotubes are more advanced in myogenesis than myo-converted fibroblasts at the phenotypic and transcriptomic levels. While most LADs are shared between the two cell types, each also displays unique domains of lamin A/C interactions. Furthermore, myotube-specific LADs are more gene-rich and less heterochromatic than shared LADs or LADs unique to myo-converted fibroblasts, and they uniquely sequester developmental genes. Thus, myo-converted fibroblasts and myotubes retain cell type-specific features of radial and functional genome organization. Our results favor a view of myo-converted fibroblasts as a practical model to investigate the phenotypic and genomic properties of muscle cell differentiation in normal and pathological contexts, but also highlight current limitations in using fibroblasts as a source of myogenic cells.
Physiochemical Analysis of Manilkara zapota (Sapota) Coated with Aloe Vera Gel and Enriched with Ajwain and Oregano Essential Oils
Authors: Poongavanam Senthamil Selvi , Subramaniyan Vishnupriya , Rajendra Abhishek Biswal , Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam , Jarugala Jayaramudu , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi
Published: August 2023

Sapota is a significant climacteric fruit with a limited shelf life. Therefore, it is necessary to employ the specific treatments that could prolong the shelf life and preserve the quality of sapota fruits. The current research compared the effect of aloe vera gel (AV) 100%, AV 100% + 5 µL/20 mL ajwain oil (AV + AO), and AV 100% + 5 µL/20 mL oregano oil (AV + OO) on sapota fruits at ambient temperature. Commercial fungicide (carbendazim)-treated (CT) fruits were also investigated. The CT-treated and the combined treatments of AV 100% + 5 µL AO and AV 100% + 5 µL OO considerably reduced the decay incidence and weight loss in sapota fruits. Additionally, the CT-treated, AV 100% + 5 µL AO-treated, and AV 100% + 5 µL OO-treated fruits have higher titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, and phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant contents than the AV 100% and control fruits. The outcome of this study showed that the CT-treated, AV 100%+ 5 µL AO-treated, and AV 100% + 5 µL OO-treated fruits maintained the overall attributes of sapota fruits. Therefore, in the future, the combination of AV 100% + 5 µL AO and AV 100% + 5 µL OO coatings could be a promising substitute for commercial fungicide to treat sapota fruits.
Development of Hybrid Electrodes Based on a Ti/TiO2 Mesoporous/Reduced Graphene Oxide Structure for Enhanced Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Bandas Cornelia , Popescu Mina Ionela , Orha Corina , Nicolaescu Mircea , Pop Aniela , Lazau Carmen
Published: August 2023

Titanium/TiO2 mesoporous/reduced graphene oxide structure for construction of a hybrid electrode was successfully developed using a facile and effective spin-coating technique. The as-prepared structures were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, RAMAN analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with elemental analysis (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, the electrochemical behavior was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a 1M KNO3 supporting electrolyte and in the presence of 4 mM K3Fe(CN)6 to determine the electroactive surface area and apparent diffusion coefficient of the hybrid electrode. The charge transfer resistance was investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 supporting electrolyte to confirm the role of reduced graphene oxide on the electrode’s surface. The potential application of as-obtained hybrid electrodes in electroanalysis was tested through cyclic voltammetry in the presence of doxorubicin as the target analyte, in the concentration range between 1 to 7 mg L−1 DOX. By using mesoporous TiO2 with a high specific surface area (~140 m2 g−1) in the synthesis of the composite material based on a Ti/TiO2(Ms)/rGO hybrid structure, was obtained a 2.3-times increase in electroactive surface area than the geometrical surface area of the hybrid electrode. These results provide new insights into the development of high-performance and cost-effective electrochemical sensors based on reduced graphene oxide films on metallic structures for applications in the detection processes of drugs from wastewater.
Atmospheric Microplasma Treatment Based on Magnetically Controlled Fe–Al Dynamic Platform for Organic and Biomaterials Surface Modification
Authors: Shorstkii Ivan , Mounassar Emad Hussein Ali
Published: August 2023

By exploiting the physical effect of the electron emission from a thermionic source in combination with a magnetically controlled Fe–Al dynamic platform to assist electrical discharge, we generated atmospheric microplasma (AM). The electrical characteristics of microplasma discharge-induced cold atmospheric plasma in combination with a magnetically controlled Fe–Al dynamic platform in open air were evaluated. The surface analysis of organic wheat seeds was investigated at two steps: (1) the coating effect of an Al nanoparticle with an electrons drift toward the seed surface along the direction of an electric field and (2) inelastic collision with secondary electrons moving from the cathode in the presence of an electric field. Using SEM microscopy analysis, it was found that plasma affects seed surface topography and apparent contact angle (ACA). The effect of atmospheric microplasma treatment leads to seed surface modification by the manifestation of fine mesh structures on the seed surface. Well-established AM technology will garner interest in agriculture and biomaterials coatings applications.
The Advantages on Using GGBS and ACBFS Aggregate to Obtain an Ecological Road Concrete
Authors: Nicula Liliana Maria , Manea Daniela Lucia , Simedru Dorina , Cadar Oana , Ardelean Ioan , Dragomir Mihai Liviu
Published: August 2023

This work aims to show the advantages of using GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) and ACBFS aggregate (Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag) on the tensile strength and durability properties of infrastructure concrete at the reference age of 28 days. Three concrete mixes were prepared: the first one was a control sample; the second one had 15% GGBS (instead of Portland cement) and 25% ACBFS (instead of natural sand); and the third had 15% GGBS (instead of Portland cement) and 50% ACBFS (instead of natural sand). The studies on mortars focused on the ratio of compressive strength (CS) in correlation with the specific surface area (obtained by the Blain method). The microstructure of the prepared mortars was examined at the age of 28 days by X-ray diffraction, SEM electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive EDX spectrometer, and NMR nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. The results of the tests carried out afterwards on the concretes containing slag (15% GGBS and 25% or 50% ACBFS) showed values that met high-quality criteria for exfoliation (S56 < 0.1 kg/m2), carbonation, and gelling G100 (with a loss of resistance to compression η < 25%). The slag concretes showed a degree of gelation of G100 (with a loss of compressive strength below 25%), low volume losses below 18,000 mm3/5000 mm2 (corresponding to wear class 4, grade I), and moderate penetration of chlorine ions (according to the RCPT test). All of these allow the concrete with slag (GGBS/ACBFS) to be recommended as an ecological road concrete. Our study proved that a high-class road concrete of BcR 5.0 can be obtained, with tensile strengths of a minimum 5 MPa at 28 days (the higher road concrete class in Romania, according to national standards).
Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanism of Polymorph Nucleation in Solution: A Perspective from Research Mentality and Technique
Authors: Shi Peng , Han Ying , Zhu Zhenxing , Gong Junbo
Published: August 2023

Based on the importance of polymorphic regulation, the molecular mechanism of nucleation has been widely concerned. This review begins by introducing the development and limitations of nucleation theory for organic small molecule crystals, followed by a summary of the general research mentality adopted by current researchers. Moreover, the progress of the molecular mechanism of polymorphic nucleation and its application to the regulation of crystal forms are discussed. In addition, the development of scientific tools for the study of the molecular mechanism of polymorphic nucleation is also summarized, including experimental characterization and computational simulation, providing reference for relevant researchers. Finally, according to the main defects of current research and research ideas, research models and development directions of prospects and recommendations are put forward.
Microcephaly and Chorioretinopathy Relevance as a Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Bayram-Suverza Mauricio , Torres-Navarro Karla Alejandra , Hernández-Vázquez Ángeles Yahel , Ramírez-Estudillo Juan Abel
Published: August 2023

Microcephaly and chorioretinopathy are genetic disorders that are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The most frequent ocular manifestation is the presence of lacunar atrophy in the retina and choroid. The diagnosis of this condition can be challenging as several potential causes and related syndromes need to be ruled out. We present two cases of microcephaly and chorioretinopathy in Mexican patients, their clinical characterization, and discuss the differential diagnoses that should be considered. An 8-year-old girl was examined due to a history of decreased vision in both eyes. Fundus examination showed excavated, well-defined, sectorial, bilateral, and symmetrical areas of chorioretinal atrophy. An 18-year-old male had a history of poor vision since childhood. Previous ophthalmological examinations reported bilateral symmetric chorioretinal atrophy with pigment accumulation. Both patients had a prior diagnosis of microcephaly and language delay. Blood tests and a comprehensive systemic evaluation ruled out intrauterine infections. The electroretinogram showed decreased amplitude and increased implicit time in the photopic and scotopic responses. Genetic tests revealed mutations in the TUBGCP4 gene, leading to a diagnosis of microcephaly and chorioretinopathy. As observed in these cases, there was variability in retinal lesions. The presence of chorioretinal lacunae and genetic testing can help to correctly diagnose this disorder.
The Use of Forest Biomass for Energy Purposes in Selected European Countries
Authors: Kożuch Anna , Cywicka Dominika , Adamowicz Krzysztof , Wieruszewski Marek , Wysocka-Fijorek Emilia , Kiełbasa Paweł
Published: August 2023

The utilization of primary and secondary woody biomass resources, despite controversies, is being promoted to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and due to the need to diversify energy sources and ensure energy security in European Union countries. Forest biomass is one of the renewable and sustainable energy sources that can be used for electricity, heat, and biofuel production. In the context of the ongoing energy crisis in Europe, an attempt was made to analyze the production and consumption of woody biomass for energy purposes (fuel wood, chips, and pellets). Specifically, an analysis of similarities between European countries in terms of biomass utilization was conducted. The analysis was complemented by a forecast of primary biomass production in selected European countries. The similarity analysis was conducted using the Ward method. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), including multi-layer feedforward perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) models, were used to predict fuelwood extraction. The study showed that woody biomass remains an important source of bioenergy in Europe, and its significance as a strategic resource guaranteeing energy security is likely to increase. Fuel wood harvesting in Europe generally shows an upward trend, particularly in the Czech Republic, Germany, Estonia, Denmark, and the UK. A decreasing trend was observed in France, Spain, Greece, and Cyprus. The analysis revealed differences between countries in terms of woody biomass consumption. The ANN-based forecasts of fuelwood supply generally showed an increase in primary biomass harvesting.
Enhancing Energy Processes and Facilities Redesign in an Anaerobic Digestion Plant for Biomethane Production
Authors: Corigliano Orlando , Iannuzzi Marco , Pellegrino Crescenzo , D’Amico Francesco , Pagnotta Leonardo , Fragiacomo Petronilla
Published: August 2023

The energy revolution prioritizes efficiency, sustainability, practicality, and concreteness. Conventional energy processes remain crucial and will continue to be essential for a long time if they are based on renewable and clean sources. Biofuels, particularly biomethane, are gaining significant attention for their potential to replace fossil fuels and contribute to a greener energy landscape. This paper focuses on enhancing the energy efficiency of an anaerobic digestion plant for biomethane production. Oversizing issues in technical plants often result in excessive energy and economic costs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze plant sections that can be improved to enhance performance. An energy analysis quantifies the energy requirements for different sections and sub-sections, guiding the selection of energy interventions such as pipeline resizing, heat generator modifications, pump enhancements, and energy recovery opportunities. The methodology is applied to an existing biomethane plant, and graphical software is used for redesigning the heat generator, pumps, and pipelines. The results demonstrated that implementing energy efficiency measures improves system performance. The heat generator’s capacity was successfully reduced by 100 kW, surpassing the initial design choice. Additionally, heat recovery from the biogas compression section has enhanced the overall thermal dynamics of the system. The estimated annual methane consumption in the boiler is approximately 12,000 Nm3, resulting in an expenditure of EUR 10600. These interventions have led to substantial savings, totaling EUR 133000 for the comprehensive thermal sustenance of the entire plant.
Accurate Modeling and Optimization of Electromagnetic Forces in an Ironless Halbach-Type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor
Authors: Sun Zhaolong , Jia Guangyong , Huang Chuibing , Zhou Weichang , Mao Yinhao , Lei Zhaoran
Published: August 2023

In order to solve the electromagnetic force optimization problem of a high-power-density ironless Halbach-type permanent magnet synchronous linear motor, this paper adopts an electromagnetic force optimization method based on magnetic field analysis, electromagnetic force modeling, and genetic algorithm optimization: Firstly, the magnetic field of the Halbach permanent magnet array is solved by the combination of the equivalent magnetization strength method and the pseudo-periodic method, which takes into account the influence of the edge effect of the secondary magnetic field, and the magnetic field of the primary winding is solved by Fourier series expansion method. Secondly, the Maxwell tensor method is used to establish the functional relationship between the electromagnetic thrust and the main structural parameters of the unilateral motor. Finally, based on the parameter sensitivity analysis of the optimized variables and the response surface calculation, the optimal combination of the optimized variables to meet the optimization objective is found by a genetic algorithm. This method of the accurate modeling and optimization of an electromagnetic force can accurately calculate the motor air gap magnetic field and electromagnetic thrust, and the optimization speed is fast, which can greatly save time. The optimization results show that, under the premise of constant input power, the unilateral average thrust of the motor is increased by 18.75%, the peak value of thrust fluctuation is decreased by 30.27%, and the results match well with the finite element results, which verifies the correctness of the optimization results of the electromagnetic force and the reasonableness of the optimization method.
Randall’s Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus randalli, Russell 1986) Poses a Potential Threat to the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea Food Web
Authors: Akgun Yagmur , Akoglu Ekin
Published: August 2023

The eastern Mediterranean Sea is one of the most invaded marine ecosystems due to the introduction of Lessepsian species, which migrated from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea following the construction of the Suez Canal. Some of these species may initially appear to be beneficial for fisheries by providing additional income sources for fishers; however, this usually occurs at the expense of negatively impacted native species and, thus, the ecosystem, which leads to greater economic losses for the fisheries in the long term. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the impact of N. randalli, which is one of the Lessepsian species with increasing commercial importance for the fisheries, on the food web dynamics in a coastal ecosystem in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea using a mass-balance food web modelling approach by capitalising on field data obtained from trawl samplings conducted within the scope of the study. Results showed that the ecosystem was in a developmental stage and experienced an autotrophic succession. The keystone fish group with a structuring role in the food web was sea breams and porgies. Although N. randalli had positive impacts on certain commercially exploited indigenous demersal fish species by mitigating the negative impact of another Lessepsian species, i.e., Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848), in the food web, it had a negative impact on the keystone group of the food web, i.e., sea breams and porgies. Therefore, N. randalli poses a potential threat to the ecosystem’s structure, and the interactions of N. randalli with other species in the food web may instigate an ecosystem reorganisation in the future. We suggest targeted fisheries exploitation and incentives for the fishery of N. randalli as management strategies to mitigate its negative impacts. However, the mitigating role of N. randalli in regulating the negative impacts of S. undosquamis could be adversely affected by its increasing exploitation; therefore, future modelling studies should consider scenario simulations to test such effects.
Soy Lecithin Supplementation Promotes Growth and Increases Lipid Digestibility in GIFT Nile Tilapia Raised at Suboptimal Temperature
Authors: Batista Rosana Oliveira , Richter Bianca Leticia , Banze Jorge Filipe , Schleder Delano Dias , Salhi Maria , Nobrega Renata Oselame , Silva Maria Fernanda Oliveira da , Mattioni Bruna , Pettigrew James Eugene , Fracalossi Débora Machado
Published: August 2023

Soy lecithin (SL) is a source of phospholipids, which play a crucial role in determining cell membrane structure, fluidity, and functionality. This study investigated the effects of dietary SL on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and body composition of Nile tilapia juveniles (average initial weight 12.2 g) raised at 22 °C. The experimental diets contained increasing levels of SL (0.0, 21.0, 43.0, and 64.0 g kg−1). The best weight gain and feed efficiency occurred with 42.2 and 49.8 g kg−1 of SL inclusion, respectively, estimated through quadratic regression after 90 days of feeding. The body composition of the fish was also affected by feeding with SL, with a decrease in total body lipids and viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices but an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids. A digestibility trial using only two diets (0SLD and 43SLD) revealed increased lipid and fatty acids digestibility in fish fed with 43SLD. In addition, the consumption of digestible nutrients was the highest in fish fed the diet 43SL. Therefore, SL supplementation is beneficial in fall/spring diets for Nile tilapia juveniles as it can improve growth, lipid digestibility, and body composition when supplemented within the range of 42 to 50 g kg−1 diet.
Fluorescent Paints in Contemporary Murals: A Case Study
Authors: Sabatini Francesca , La Nasa Jacopo , Degano Ilaria , Campanella Beatrice , Legnaioli Stefano , Saccani Ilaria , Modugno Francesca
Published: August 2023

Recently, a notable change has occurred in how street art murals are perceived by art history and the general public, with a growing recognition of their social and cultural significance and a new focus on preserving the most representative modern urban murals for future generations. An interesting case study is constituted by the “UBUNTU” mural (Ivan Pontevia and Daniele Castagnetti, Reggio Emilia, 2018), whose appearance has radically changed in a few years. Indeed, the intense and direct exposure to sunlight as well as the environmental and polluting agents have induced the bleaching and fading of the original highly fluorescent hues. To investigate the degradation processes that are occurring, five micro-samples were collected from different fluorescent-coloured areas and analysed by a combined approach based on µ-Raman and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS), and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). The analytical protocol applied allowed us to disclose the painting materials used by the artist and fully characterise the ageing phenomena occurring in the mural that are possibly responsible for its colour ephemerality.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i as Potential Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Microenvironment-Targeted Radiotherapy
Authors: Luna-Gutiérrez Myrna , Cruz-Nova Pedro , Jiménez-Mancilla Nallely , Oros-Pantoja Rigoberto , Lara-Almazán Nancy , Santos-Cuevas Clara , Azorín-Vega Erika , Ocampo-García Blanca , Ferro-Flores Guillermina
Published: August 2023

Current cancer therapies focus on reducing immunosuppression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment to inhibit metastasis, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is expressed on immune T cells and is one of the so-called checkpoint proteins that can suppress or stop the immune response. To evade the immune system, cancer cells overexpress a PD-1 inhibitor protein (PD-L1), which binds to the surface of T cells to activate signaling pathways that induce immune suppression. This research aimed to synthesize PD-L1 inhibitory peptides (PD-L1-i) labeled with lutetium-177 (177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i) and actinium-225 (225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i) and to preclinically evaluate their potential as radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy at the tumor microenvironment level. Using PD-L1-i peptide as starting material, conjugation with HEHA-benzene-SCN and DOTA-benzene-SCN was performed to yield DOTA-PD-L1-i and HEHA-PD-L1-I, which were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and HPLC. After labeling the conjugates with 225Ac and 177Lu, cellular uptake in HCC827 cancer cells (PD-L1 positive), conjugate specificity evaluation by immunofluorescence, radiotracer effect on cell viability, biodistribution, biokinetics, and assessment of radiation absorbed dose in mice with in duced lung micrometastases were performed. 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i and 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, obtained with radiochemical purities of 95 ± 3% and 98.5 ± 0.5%, respectively, showed in vitro and in vivo specific recognition for the PD-L1 protein in lung cancer cells and high uptake in HCC287 lung micrometastases (>30% ID). The biokinetic profiles of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i showed rapid blood clearance with renal and hepatobiliary elimination and no accumulation in normal tissues. 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i produced a radiation dose of 5.15 mGy/MBq to lung micrometastases. In the case of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, the radiation dose delivered to the lung micrometastases was ten times (43 mGy/MBq) that delivered to the kidneys (4.20 mGy/MBq) and fifty times that delivered to the liver (0.85 mGy/MBq). Therefore, the radiotherapeutic PD-L1-i ligands of 225Ac and 177Lu developed in this research could be combined with immunotherapy to enhance the therapeutic effect in various types of cancer.
A Comparative Analysis on the Innate Immune Responses of Cirrhinus mrigala Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Usman Zaeema , Kanwal Zakia , Tayyeb Asima , Noshair Iqra , Haider Imran , Ahmad Naushad , Alomar Suliman Yousef
Published: August 2023

Microbes are the most significant ubiquitous pathogens that cause serious infections in freshwater fish, leading to tremendous economic losses. The present study was designed to investigate the extent of changes in cytokine expression, hemato-biochemical parameters, and tissue histology of Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala) challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). Fish were divided into three major groups: control, P. aeruginosa-challenged, and F. oxysporum-challenged. The infection in both challenge assays was allowed to progress until 7 days post infection. Upregulated expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was found in blood, gills, livers, and kidneys of the challenged fish. Significant differences were noted in hematological parameters of challenged fish. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline aminotransferase levels also showed significant differences in infected and control groups. An increase in serum albumin and globulin and a decrease in total protein were noted in infected groups as compared to the control group. Severe histological alterations were noted in gill, liver, and kidney tissues of the infected groups as compared to control. The order of histological alteration index for P. aeruginosa challenge was liver > kidney > gills, and for F. oxysporum challenge it was kidney > liver > gills. These changes in fish infected by P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum can be used as an effective and subtle index to monitor the physiological and pathological conditions of fish.
Isoalantolactone Suppresses Glycolysis and Resensitizes Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Chun Jaemoo
Published: August 2023

Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic drug for ovarian cancer (OC) treatment. However, its efficacy is significantly limited due to the development of cisplatin resistance. Although the acquisition of cisplatin resistance is a complex process involving various molecular alterations within cancer cells, the increased reliance of cisplatin-resistant cells on glycolysis has gained increasing attention. Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula helenium L., possesses various pharmacological properties, including anticancer activity. In this study, isoalantolactone was investigated as a potential glycolysis inhibitor to overcome cisplatin resistance in OC. Isoalantolactone effectively targeted key glycolytic enzymes (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase A, phosphofructokinase liver type, and hexokinase 2), reducing glucose consumption and lactate production in cisplatin-resistant OC cells (specifically A2780 and SNU-8). Importantly, it also sensitized these cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Isoalantolactone–cisplatin treatment regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT pathways more effectively in cisplatin-resistant cells than individual treatments. In vivo studies using cisplatin-sensitive and resistant OC xenograft models revealed that isoalantolactone, either alone or in combination with cisplatin, significantly suppressed tumor growth in cisplatin-resistant tumors. These findings highlight the potential of isoalantolactone as a novel glycolysis inhibitor for treating cisplatin-resistant OC. By targeting the dysregulated glycolytic pathway, isoalantolactone offers a promising approach to overcoming drug resistance and enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin-based therapies.
Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Opening in P301S Mice Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease Tauopathies
Authors: Géraudie Amandine , Riche Maximilien , Lestra Thaïs , Trotier Alexandre , Dupuis Léo , Mathon Bertrand , Carpentier Alexandre , Delatour Benoît
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. No treatments have led to clinically meaningful impacts. A major obstacle for peripherally administered therapeutics targeting the central nervous system is related to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Ultrasounds associated with microbubbles have been shown to transiently and safely open the BBB. In AD mouse models, the sole BBB opening with no adjunct drugs may be sufficient to reduce lesions and mitigate cognitive decline. However, these therapeutic effects are for now mainly assessed in preclinical mouse models of amyloidosis and remain less documented in tau lesions. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effects of repeated BBB opening using low-intensity pulsed ultrasounds (LIPU) in tau transgenic P301S mice with two main readouts: tau-positive lesions and microglial cells. Our results show that LIPU-induced BBB opening does not decrease tau pathology and may even potentiate the accumulation of pathological tau in selected brain regions. In addition, LIPU-BBB opening in P301S mice strongly reduced microglia densities in brain parenchyma, suggesting an anti-inflammatory action. These results provide a baseline for future studies using LIPU-BBB opening, such as adjunct drug therapies, in animal models and in AD patients.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Mechanisms in Chronic Airway Diseases: A Common Process to Target?
Authors: Mottais Angélique , Riberi Luca , Falco Andrea , Soccal Simone , Gohy Sophie , De Rose Virginia
Published: August 2023

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process, in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial traits and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. This transformation has been described in different lung diseases, such as lung cancer, interstitial lung diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other muco-obstructive lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The exaggerated chronic inflammation typical of these pulmonary diseases can induce molecular reprogramming with subsequent self-sustaining aberrant and excessive profibrotic tissue repair. Over time this process leads to structural changes with progressive organ dysfunction and lung function impairment. Although having common signalling pathways, specific triggers and regulation mechanisms might be present in each disease. This review aims to describe the various mechanisms associated with fibrotic changes and airway remodelling involved in chronic airway diseases. Having better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the EMT process may help us to identify specific targets and thus lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or limit the onset of irreversible structural changes.