bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The TIPS family psychoeducational group work approach in first episode psychosis and related disorders: 25 years of experiences
Authors: Langeveld Johannes H. , Hatløy Kristin , ten Velden Hegelstad Wenche , Johannessen Jan Olav , Joa Inge
Published: July 2024

Aim

The aim of this paper is to present 25 years of clinical experience with family psychoeducation (FPE) work at Stavanger University Hospital in Norway, highlighting the lessons learned in overcoming implementation barriers in publicly funded specialized mental health care.

Methods

This retrospective analysis reviews the integration and sustainability of FPE work within the hospital's standard treatment protocols for psychosis, tracing its origins from the Early Treatment and Intervention in Psychosis (TIPS) study (1997–2000) to its current application. The paper examines key strategies for successful implementation, including staff training and resource allocation, as emphasized by international research.

Results

Stavanger University Hospital has successfully implemented and maintained both multi‐ and single‐family FPE approaches over the past 25 years. Initially part of the TIPS study, FPE has been integrated into routine clinical practice for treating psychosis and has recently been extended to families of patients with other severe mental disorders. The sustained success at Stavanger University Hospital is attributed to consistent staff training and the prioritization of sufficient resource allocation.

Discussion

The successful and sustainable integration of FPE at Stavanger University Hospital is relatively unique. International guidelines recommend FPE for psychosis, but its implementation remains inconsistent globally, despite over 50 years of supporting evidence. The hospital's experience underscores the critical role of continuous training and dedicated resources in embedding FPE into regular clinical practice. These findings suggest that addressing these areas can significantly enhance the uptake of FPE in other clinical settings.

Conclusion

The 25‐year experience at Stavanger University Hospital demonstrates that with appropriate training and resources, FPE can be successfully integrated and sustained within standard mental health care practices. This case study provides valuable insights for other institutions aiming to implement FPE and improve treatment outcomes for patients with severe mental disorders.
The study of engagement at work from the artificial intelligence perspective: A systematic review
Authors: García‐Navarro Claudia , Pulido‐Martos Manuel , Pérez‐Lozano Cristina
Published: July 2024

Engagement has been defined as an attitude toward work, as a positive, satisfying, work‐related state of mind characterized by high levels of vigour, dedication, and absorption. Both its definition and its assessment have been controversial; however, new methods for its assessment, including artificial intelligence (AI), have been introduced in recent years. Therefore, this research aims to determine the state of the art of AI in the study of engagement. To this end, we conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA to analyse the publications to date on the use of AI for the analysis of engagement. The search, carried out in six databases, was filtered, and 15 papers were finally analysed. The results show that AI has been used mainly to assess and predict engagement levels, as well as to understand the relationships between engagement and other variables. The most commonly used AI techniques are machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP), and all publications use structured and unstructured data, mainly from self‐report instruments, social networks, and datasets. The accuracy of the models varies from 22% to 87%, and its main benefit has been to help both managers and HR staff understand employee engagement, although it has also contributed to research. Most of the articles have been published since 2015, and the geography has been global, with publications predominantly in India and the US. In conclusion, this study highlights the state of the art in AI for the study of engagement and concludes that the number of publications is increasing, indicating that this is possibly a new field or area of research in which important advances can be made in the study of engagement through new and novel techniques.
Clinically estimated signs of hyposalivation in older adult residents of long‐term care
Authors: Brandt Otto , Julkunen Lina , Saarela Riitta KT , Hiltunen Kaija , Mäntylä Päivi
Published: July 2024

Objective

To assess whether the estimation of clinical signs of hyposalivation is applicable in recognising long‐term care facility (LTCF) residents with poor oral health, and which individual characteristics are important in that respect.

Background

A common inconvenience among older adults, dry mouth, particularly hyposalivation, can cause many complications, such as greater susceptibility to root caries and oral infections, and it can lead to further deterioration of oral health. However, very little is known about the association of clinically assessed signs of hyposalivation with the oral health status of LTCF residents.

Methods

The study sample comprised 362 individuals (dentate n = 266, edentate n = 96) aged 65 or older. The examinations included a questionnaire and clinical oral examination. Participants were categorised into three groups based on clinically assessed oral dryness: normal salivation (n = 83, 22.9%), lower salivation (n = 182, 50.3%) and dry mouth (n = 97, 26.8%). The association between signs of dry mouth with aspects to oral health was evaluated and further tested with logistic regression analysis.

Results

The signs of oral dryness were observed among females, those with dementia, and those with longer stays in the current facility. Root caries (odds ratio, OR 1.3) and diagnosis of periodontitis (OR 4.1), together with several individual periodontal parameters, as well as having less than ten occluding pairs of natural teeth (OR 3.5) were associated with dry mouth. Edentate participants showed an increased likelihood of having dry mouth with advancing age, and lesions on the lips were associated with dry mouth with OR 3.0.

Conclusion

Clinical estimation of signs of oral dryness can be a useful adjunct in evaluating the oral health status of dentate LTCF residents. Poor oral health was a frequent finding, especially among dentate LTCF residents with signs of dry mouth.
Evaluation of Public Involvement in Doctoral Research Using a Four‐Dimensional Theoretical Framework
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Tahir Naheed , Ahmed Saiqa
Published: July 2024

Background

Working together and co‐production with public advisors have become popular among health researchers. This practice extends to doctoral researchers who involve public advisors at different stages of their research or throughout their doctoral journey.

Objective

A doctoral researcher and two public advisors jointly evaluated public involvement in doctoral research.

Methods

Using the established public involvement evaluation framework by Gibson and colleagues, public advisors and a doctoral researcher mapped and evaluated their experiences of public involvement in doctoral research. The four‐dimensional framework allowed the authors to reflect on (1) the strength of the public voice, (2) the number of ways in which public advisors had an opportunity to get involved, (3) whether the discussion was about the public or organisation's (doctoral researcher, university or funder) concerns and (4) if the organisation changed or resisted feedback. Results are presented in a diagrammatic and narrative way.

Results

Public advisors saw themselves as having a stronger voice in doctoral research than the doctoral researcher perceived. All agreed that there existed multiple ways for public advisors to be involved. Public advisors' feedback was taken on board, but it was also limited due to restrictions of what the doctoral programme allowed.

Conclusion

Public advisors ensured that the doctoral research was more relevant to the public. The ongoing involvement also shaped the doctoral researcher's thinking and views.

Patient and Public Involvement

Two public advisors were involved throughout the 3 years of this doctoral research. They co‐evaluated this involvement and are co‐authors of this paper.
Competition policy in a general‐equilibrium platform economy
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Chao Chi‐Chur , Chin Kuo‐Hsuan
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the wage and welfare effects of the competition policy in a platform economy. An increase in downstream platform providers widens the skilled‐unskilled wage gap in the short run. Moreover, competition brings about a beneficial price pass‐through effect but a detrimental cost‐pushing effect on upstream manufacturers. This leads to business dynamism in manufacturing firms. By numerical simulations, the number of manufacturing firms increases, thus further widening wage inequality in the long run. The optimal number of platform providers is smaller when the business‐stealing effect is larger, whereas it is larger when the price pass‐through effect is greater.
Adipokine receptor expression in mast cells is altered by specific ligands and proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Żelechowska Paulina , Wiktorska Magdalena , Kozłowska Elżbieta , Agier Justyna
Published: July 2024

Adipokines play essential roles in regulating a range of biological processes, but growing evidence indicates that they are also fundamental in immunological mechanisms and, primarily, inflammatory responses. Adipokines mediate their actions through specific receptors. However, although adipokine receptors are widely distributed in many cell and tissue types, limited data are available on their expression in mast cells (MCs) and, consequently, adipokine's significance in the modulation of MC activity within the tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that rat peritoneal MCs constitutively express the leptin receptor (i.e. LEPR), adiponectin receptors (i.e. ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) and the chemerin receptor (i.e. CMKLR1). We also found that LEPR, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2 and CMKLR1 expression in MCs changes in response to stimulation by their specific ligands and some cytokines with potent proinflammatory properties. Furthermore, the involvement of intracellular signaling molecules in leptin‐, adiponectin‐ and chemerin‐induced MC response was analyzed. Overall, our findings suggest that adipokines leptin, adiponectin and chemerin can significantly affect the activity of MCs in various processes, especially during inflammation. These observations may contribute significantly to understanding the relationship between adipokines, immune mechanisms and diseases or conditions with an inflammatory component.
Overeducation of migrants in Lombardy: A trend analysis 2008–2021
Authors: Maiorino Sara , Terzera Laura
Published: July 2024

This study examines the determinants of the overeducation phenomenon among migrants in Lombardy, Italy, and how it has evolved over the last 14 years. The target population consists of legal and undocumented individuals with original citizenship from countries defined as ‘high migratory pressure countries’, who declared themselves as ‘employed’. Italy has one of the highest rates of overeducation among non‐EU citizens in the European Union, and there is also a significant gap between the overeducation rates of Italian nationals and non‐EU citizens in the country. The study explores various factors contributing to overeducation and how the individual and migratory characteristics affecting it evolved. The chosen period encompasses years affected by the consequences of the economic crisis and the pandemic emergency. A significant time effect, different according to gender, is detected: more specifically, a decrease in the probability of being overeducated in the post‐crisis years in comparison with the preceding ones for men. More years since migration and having attended primary or secondary education in Italy appear to significantly lessen the likelihood of overeducation. Predicted probabilities demonstrate that being a woman and originating from certain countries, such as some eastern European non‐EU countries (Ukraine and Moldova) and the Philippines, disadvantage foreign workers in terms of overeducation.
Household migration decisions: Understanding Ethiopians irregular migration from Kembata‐Tembaro zone to the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Megersa Hailu , Tafesse Tesfaye
Published: July 2024

This research intends to shed light on the household migration decision‐making process of Ethiopian irregular migrants heading to the Republic of South Africa. Data were drawn from a cross‐sectional household survey (n = 659) and in‐depth interviews (n = 24) conducted in 2022. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regressions and thematic analysis were employed to analyse the data. Our findings reveal that being a young male, having a large household size, the presence of family members and smugglers positively influence households' decisions for irregular migration. Possession of farmland, being employed and married have a negative influence on household decisions for migration. The study findings further show that prior information about the migration destination is important in the household's migration decision‐making process. We suggest that government actions and policy interventions should be based on such empirical evidence to promote safe and regular migrations while addressing potential migrants' aspirations and needs in their pursuit of a better life.
Recent temporal trends, characteristics and outcomes of patients with non‐COVID‐19 community‐acquired pneumonia at two tertiary hospitals in Australia: an observational study
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Mangoni Arduino A. , Shahi Rashmi , Horwood Chris , Thompson Campbell
Published: July 2024

Background

Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) leads to considerable morbidity and mortality globally. However, data on CAP burden in Australia, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, are limited.

Aims

We characterised and assessed clinical outcomes of non‐COVID‐19 CAP hospitalisations over a 6‐year period at two major hospitals in South Australia.

Methods

All non‐COVID‐19 CAP hospitalisations were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth revision, Australian modification (ICD‐10‐AM) codes, between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2023, at two tertiary hospitals in Adelaide. Clinical outcomes included in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality, length of stay (LOS) in, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30‐day readmissions. Multilevel regression models were utilised to identify predictors of clinical outcomes.

Results

Over the 6‐year period, there were 7853 non‐COVID‐19 CAP hospitalisations, with a temporal increase from 100 per 100 000 population in 2018 to 208 per 100 000 population in 2023 (P < 0.001). The mean (SD) age was 75.1 (17.6) years, and 54.6% were males. The mean age declined over time (P < 0.05), while other characteristics remained stable. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most commonly identified bacterium (21.8% of cases). In‐hospital mortality occurred in 7.8% of patients, with 30‐day mortality and readmission rates of 14.3% and 16.9% respectively. LOS declined significantly during the pandemic years; however, mortality remained stable over time. Frailty status, malnutrition and number of comorbidities significantly predicted 30‐day mortality and LOS, in addition to pneumonia severity and ICU admission.

Conclusions

There has been an increasing trend of hospitalisations for non‐COVID‐19 CAP during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a concomitant trend towards shorter LOS and no significant shift in other clinical outcomes.
Is additional silane application necessary for a new silane‐containing universal adhesive to bond to glass ceramics?
Authors: da Silva Priscila Luciane , Bittencourt Hélio Radke , Burnett Luiz Henrique , Spohr Ana Maria
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate the in vitro influence of prior silane application on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of Scotchbond Universal Plus to glass ceramic.

Materials and Methods

Thirty blocks of lithium disilicate ceramic were etched with hydrofluoric acid for 20 s and distributed into Group 1 (no silane and no adhesive), Group 2 (adhesive), Group 3 (silane + adhesive). Three cylinders of resin cement were made on each ceramic block. Five blocks (n = 15 cylinders) were subjected to the μSBS test after 24 h, and the other five blocks (n = 15 cylinders) were tested after 6 months of water storage.

Results

According to two‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test, the means of μSBS (MPa), denoted by different letters, show significant differences (p < 0.05): after 24 h—Group 1 (31.7)B, Group 2 (43.3)A, and Group 3 (31.3)B; after 6 months—Group 1 (14.8)B, Group 2 (33.6)A, and Group 3 (30.3)A. After 6 months of storage, there was a significant decrease in μSBS for Groups 1 and 2, along with an increase in adhesive failures across all groups.

Conclusions

Prior application of silane did not increase the μSBS between Scotchbond Universal Plus and ceramic, and there was degradation at the bond interface over time.

Clinical Significance

Prior application of a silane agent is not necessary when using Scotchbond Universal Plus for bonding to glass ceramics. Regardless of the prior application of silane, there is degradation at the bond interface over time.
Early life‐history stages of the olive barb, Systomus sarana (Hamilton), and a key ontogenetic systematic character of Smiliogastrinae
Authors: Lal Melbin , Anvar Ali P. H.
Published: July 2024

The current study aims to uncover the early life‐history stages of Systomus sarana, a medium‐sized smiliogastrin cyprinid important for aquaculture in South Asia. The fish were effectively bred in captivity by administering 0.25 mL of breeding hormone per kilogram of fish. The spawning occurred 8.54 ± 0.55 h after the injection, and the eggs were phyto‐lithophilic with a pale yellow color and a diameter of 1.49 ± 0.04 mm. Hatching occurred 17 h after fertilization, and the yolk‐sac larvae of 3.43 ± 0.08 mm total length (TL) were adhering to the plant parts and other substrata with the cement glands on the forehead. On the third day, with complete absorption of the yolk sac and the disappearance of the attachment organ, the pre‐flexion larvae measured 5.3 ± 0.11 mm TL. On the eighth day, the flexion larvae measured 6 ± 0.4 mm TL with a well‐inflated posterior swim bladder, and the post‐flexion larvae, at 11 days post‐hatching (dph), developed a two‐chambered gas bladder. The juvenile stage, on day 21 post‐hatching, was marked by the loss of the median finfolds and the appearance of black blotches on the caudal, subdorsal, and supra‐anal regions. The commencement of squamation and the appearance of the rudiments of maxillary barbels distinguished the juvenile stage. The subadults measuring 4.6 ± 0.36 cm TL had finished squamation and completely lost the subdorsal and supra‐anal blotches. We propose that the presence of subdorsal blotches is a distinctive ontogenetic and systematic feature of larval and juvenile forms of smiliogastrin barbs.
Market‐Triggered Contingent Capital with Incomplete Information
Authors: BERG TOBIAS , SCHLIEPHAKE EVA
Published: July 2024

We analyze the equilibria of market‐triggered contingent capital if a bank's asset value is not common knowledge. Using a global game setup with private signals, we characterize the unique equilibrium for the conversion of the market‐triggered contingent capital. The conversion likelihood increases with higher bank leverage, a higher face value of contingent capital, and a greater dilution for incumbent shareholders. We further show that the existence of both a private and a public signal constrains the optimal design of contingent capital for which a unique equilibrium exists.
Thyroblastoma in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): A case report
Authors: Greenberg J. , Wiener D. J. , Buchl S. J. , Hensel M. E.
Published: July 2024

In this report, we describe the gross, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings of a thyroblastoma that arose in the right lobe of the thyroid gland in a 2‐month‐old rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
Social media use as a source of information by acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Ünal Bahar Ürün , Demirbaş Abdullah , Erdoğan Burcu Gök
Published: July 2024

Background

Social media and internet usage is undeniably high. Misinformation obtained from the internet and wrong treatment methods can cause serious problems in patients with acne vulgaris (AV). In this study, the sociodemographic data of AV patients, their frequency of using the internet as an information source, the relationship between them, and their attitudes and behaviors regarding their disease due to these programs were examined.

Methods

481 patients aged 14 and over diagnosed with AV were included in the study. It was conducted in a descriptive cross‐sectional type. Acne severity of all patients included in the study was determined using the Global Acne Grading System.

Results

78.3 percent of participants use social media to get information about AV. It was determined that men and single people used social media about their illnesses at a statistically significantly higher rate than women and married people (p = 0.004). In addition, patients aged 13–18 and high school graduates use social media as a source of information about their diseases, and this rate is statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Especially in the last decade, the use of social media tools to spread health messages has increased significantly. Because it has a chronic course and can cause cosmetic problems, AV patients may frequently resort to communication sources such as social media. Considering the possibility of social media misinforming patients, physicians should be aware that their patients with AV frequently use social media and should improve themselves in creating correct awareness on this issue.
Performing as ways of knowing: Projects of legibility and state simplification in postcolonial Hong Kong
Authors: Ji Eugene Yu
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the evolving, adaptive, and self‐making characteristics of how the Chinese state accesses and governs postcolonial Hong Kong, focusing on how the state develops ways of hegemonic simplification and projects of legibility through performances and political rituals. While drawing inspirations from Scott's classical concepts, the paper contends that the Chinese state's ways of knowing about Hong Kong are dynamic and performative rather than static and representative. The analysis identifies two primary models of state performativity in postcolonial Hong Kong. The first model, which emerged in the initial years after Hong Kong's reunion to China in 1997, focuses on semiotic mapping between sociolinguistic differentiation and sociopolitical boundary making through improvisational and interactional performance. The second model, which the state began to increasingly develop in the late 2000s, engages in a dialectic of boundary making and boundary breaking through scripted political rituals, aiming to both harmonize and subjugate the local within the state's cosmos. Broadly, this paper emphasizes the importance of viewing the state's performances and rituals as laminated and scalar processes and movements of knowledge making and re‐making across sociocultural and sociopolitical timespace.
Effect of dried cauliflower leaf meal (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) dietary supplementation on the growth performance, carcass and meat characteristics of rabbits
Authors: Bansod A. P. , Saha S. K. , Sen A. R. , Theerthesh M. , Khandare R. M.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of feeding cauliflower leaf meal (CLM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics, histopathology and economics of rabbit production. A total of eighteen 45‐day‐old Newzeland White rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and fed with control (0%), 20% and 30% CLM in concentrate mixture and feeding trial continued for 3 months. Growth performance was recorded upto the end of the trial. On completion of the growth study, a digestibility trial was conducted to assess the digestibility of nutrients. Afterwards, all the experimental rabbits were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass and meat quality, and to examine histological changes in the viscera. The cost of production was calculated on the basis of partially replacing wheat bran with CLM. Results showed that the body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and digestibility of nutrients were similar among the groups of rabbits. Further, dressing percentage, wholesome cut yield, chemical composition of meat, sensory evaluation, water holding capacity and shear force value were also comparable among all groups. However, total phenolic content, vitamin A and E, and polyunsaturated fatty acid were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and 2‐Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in 30% CLM‐fed group. Histopathological study showed no pathological changes in viscera of rabbits fed with CLM. Moreover, the cost of production was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in 30% CLM‐fed group of rabbits. The present work shows that the 30% CLM can be incorporated in concentrate mixture in rabbit diet without affecting growth performance or meat quality and successfully used in rabbit nutrition, which will be cheaper with enhanced keeping quality of meat.
Single intravenous and oral dose pharmacokinetics of the antiseizure medication brivaracetam in healthy cats
Authors: Jukier Tom , Zhang Chu , Arnold Robert D. , Gross Amanda
Published: July 2024

The number of available antiseizure medications with demonstrated efficacy in cats is limited. As such, there is a need to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of newer medications so that proper dosing regimens can be made. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a more potent analogue of levetiracetam, and is Food and Drug Administration approved for use in people. The goal of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral doses of BRV in healthy cats. A cross‐over study involving eight healthy cats, that were administered 10 mg of BRV intravenously as a bolus and orally in the fasted state. Blood samples were collected over 24 h. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Data were subjected to non‐compartmental analysis. Median (min–max) of maximal concentration, time to maximal concentration, area under the curve, elimination half‐life and oral absolute bioavailability were 902 (682–1036) ng/mL, 0.6 (0.5–2.0) h, 6.4 (5.2–7.2) h, 8145 (6669–9351) ng × h/mL and 100% (85–110) respectively. BRV appeared to be well tolerated by all cats. A single dose of BRV is well tolerated both orally and intravenously. Maximal concentrations are produced rapidly and within the human reference interval considered to be therapeutic.
Ammonia and urea metabolism in acute liver failure: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Cardoso Filipe S. , Toapanta David , Jimenez Natalia , Fidalgo Pedro , Figueiredo António , Valdivieso Miriam , Germano Nuno , Rule Jody A. , Lee William M. , Abraldes Juan G. , Reverter Enric , Karvellas Constantine J.
Published: July 2024

Background & Aims

Ammonia is metabolized into urea in the liver. In acute liver failure (ALF), ammonia has been associated with survival. However, urea variation has been poorly studied.

Methods

Observational cohort including ALF patients from Curry Cabral Hospital (Lisbon, Portugal) and Clinic Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) between 10/2010 and 01/2023. The United States ALF Study Group cohort was used for external validation. Primary exposures were serum ammonia and urea on ICU admission. Primary endpoint was 30‐day transplant‐free survival (TFS). Secondary endpoint was explanted liver weight.

Results

Among 191 ALF patients, median (IQR) age was 46 (32; 57) years and 85 (44.5%) were males. Overall, 86 (45.0%) patients were transplanted and 75 (39.3%) died. Among all ALF patients, following adjustment for age, sex, body weight, and aetiology, higher ammonia or lower urea was independently associated with higher INR on ICU admission (p < .009). Among all ALF patients, following adjustment for sex, aetiology, and lactate, higher ammonia was independently associated with lower TFS (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.991 (0.985; 0.997); p = .004). This model predicted TFS with good discrimination (area under receiver operating curve [95% CI] = 0.78 [0.75; 0.82]) and reasonable calibration (R2 of 0.43 and Brier score of 0.20) after external validation. Among transplanted patients, following adjustment for age, sex, actual body weight, and aetiology, higher ammonia (p = .024) or lower (p < .001) urea was independently associated with lower explanted liver weight.

Conclusions

Among ALF patients, serum ammonia and urea were associated with ALF severity. A score incorporating serum ammonia predicted TFS reasonably well.
The “suevite” conundrum, Part 2: Re‐examining the type locality at the Ries impact structure, Germany
Authors: Osinski Gordon R. , Grieve Richard A. F.
Published: July 2024

One of the most common types of allochthonous impactite produced in hypervelocity impact events is impact breccia that contains melt particles. In numerous terrestrial hypervelocity impact structures such melt‐bearing breccias have been termed “suevite,” after the type locality at the Ries impact structure, Germany. Despite its widespread occurrence, the origin, emplacement, and classification of suevite remains debated. In this contribution, we re‐examine the nature and origin of suevite at the Ries impact structure. The results of new field and laboratory investigations, when combined and synthesized with results from previous studies, lead to a multi‐stage model for the origin and emplacement of allochthonous impactites during the Ries impact event. Following the creation of a transient cavity the so‐called Bunte Breccia and “megablocks” were emplaced via ballistic sedimentation and subsequent radial flow during the excavation stage to form a continuous ejecta blanket. At the end of the excavation stage, a mixture of melt and lithic fragments formed a lining to the transient cavity and it is this material that later became the crater, dike, and outer suevite (OS) units. The crater suevite represents the material from the displaced zone of the transient cavity that was transported and mixed but never left the cavity. The emplacement of dike suevite occurred during the modification stage as the crater suevite was intruded into fractures in the underlying crater floor. The OS and rare impact melt rocks overlying the ballistic (Bunte Breccia) ejecta deposits were emplaced as outwards‐directed ground‐hugging flows largely during the modification stage of crater formation. The OS flows varied both spatially and temporally in terms of the flow characteristics, from being dominated by solid particles and gas (cf. pyroclastic density currents) to a mixture of solid particles, liquid (impact melt), and minor gases (i.e., particulate impact melt‐rich flows). These particulate impact melt‐rich flows dominated by far. Minor “fallback” of material from an ejecta plume is evidenced by accretionary lapilli in the Nördlingen 1973 core. In summary, allochthonous impactites at the Ries impact structure are not unusual but are consistent with observations from other terrestrial and planetary craters, where melt‐rich impactites overly ballistic ejecta deposits both outside and inside crater rims and where melt‐rich impactites occur in crater interiors.
Post‐separation parental conflict and father–child physical contact: A bidirectional study
Authors: Larouche Karl , Drapeau Sylvie , Lachance Véronique , Ivers Hans , Baude Amandine , Gagné Marie‐Hélène , Dusseault Sarah
Published: July 2024

The first goal of this longitudinal study was to examine the strength and direction of the relations between post‐separation parental conflict (PSPC) and father–child physical contact, as reported by the mother, at the time of separation (Time 1) and in the following 2 years (Time 2). A cross‐lagged panel model was conducted with a sample of 198 parents of children from 3 to 8 years old at the time of separation. The results indicated that PSPC at Time 1 predicted a lower frequency of father–child physical contact at Time 2, whereas the inverse relationship was not found. The strength and direction of the relations did not vary as a function of the level of the moderators. The results help us to identify priority targets in the development of policies and treatment programs for separated families.
A case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung harboring KRAS G12C responded favorably to sotorasib
Authors: Uruga Hironori , Miyamoto Atsushi , Fujii Takeshi , Okuma Takashi , Mitsumura Takahiro , Tamaoka Meiyo , Takazawa Yutaka
Published: July 2024

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung is a rare variant of adenocarcinoma. We describe a case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung that harbored KRAS G12C and responded favorably to sotorasib. A man in his 70s was found to have an abnormality on his chest X‐ray. He underwent right middle lobectomy, and a pathological examination of the surgical specimen showed conventional invasive adenocarcinoma with highly focal hepatoid adenocarcinoma. He received chemoradiotherapy and concurrent radiation, followed by durvalumab for postoperative recurrence. After three doses of durvalumab, he reported feeling short of breath. A computed tomography scan showed emerging broad consolidation in the right lower lobe. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimens from the consolidation showed hepatoid adenocarcinoma harboring KRAS G12C mutation. Therefore, he was started on sotorasib 960 mg daily. Eight days later, a computed tomography scan showed that the area of consolidation had reduced in size. Progressive disease was detected after 42 days of treatment with sotorasib. The patient died 1 month after cessation of sotorasib and 3 months after postoperative recurrence. We have encountered what we believe to be the first case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung with KRAS G12C mutation that responded favorably to treatment with sotorasib.
Digital whole‐slide imaging of changes in amyloid after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with amyloid light‐chain amyloidosis
Authors: Kono Kei , Sawa Naoki , Wake Atsushi , Shintani‐Domoto Yukako , Fujii Takeshi , Takazawa Yutaka , Ubara Yoshifumi , Ohashi Kenichi
Published: July 2024

Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has made amyloid light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis treatable. After PBSCT, hematological complete remission (HCR) can be achieved, leading to improved renal prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether whole slide imaging of biopsy samples shows a post‐treatment reduction in amyloid deposits in patients with AL amyloidosis. Patients were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 8), not eligible for PBSCT and treated with other therapies; Group B (n = 11), treated with PBSCT and achieved HCR; and Group C (n = 5), treated with PBSCT but did not achieve HCR. Clinical findings and amyloid deposition in glomeruli, interstitium, and blood vessels were compared before and after treatment using digital whole‐slide imaging. Proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia improved more in Group B than in the other groups, and in Group B, amyloid deposition improved more in the glomeruli than in the interstitium and blood vessels. The long‐term renal and survival prognosis was better in Group B than in the other groups. PBSCT can be expected to improve long‐term clinical and renal histological prognosis in patients with AL amyloidosis who achieve HCR. Amyloid disappearance from renal tissue may take a long time even after clinical HCR.
Crowded‐out? Changes in informal childcare during the expansion of formal services in Germany
Authors: Gambaro Ludovica , Schäper Clara , Spiess C. Katharina
Published: July 2024

Informal childcare care by grandparents, other relatives or friends is an important source of support in many Western countries, including Germany. Yet the role of this type of care is often overlooked in accounts of social policies supporting families with children, which tend to focus on formal childcare. This article examines whether the large formal childcare expansion occurring in Germany in the last two decades has been accompanied by similar or opposite trends in informal childcare usage. It argues that accounting for both formal and informal childcare can offer a more accurate assessment of defamilisation effects of family policies. Drawing on representative data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel the analysis identifies long‐run developments of childcare arrangements for children aged 1–10 between 1997 and 2020, offering for the first time a comprehensive picture of how families with children of different ages mix informal care and service provision. Results show that on average the expansion of formal childcare was not associated with an equal reduction in informal childcare, lending little support to the crowding‐out hypothesis. Further analyses distinguishing between population groups with different propensity to use formal childcare reveal, unexpectedly, remarkable similarities in the use of informal care throughout the period examined. The only exception are families with a migrant background, who tend to use informal childcare less than their counterparts. The general trend is, however, one whereby informal and formal care are increasingly combined.
Nonlinear shrinkage test on a large‐dimensional covariance matrix
Authors: Bodnar Taras , Parolya Nestor , Veldman Frederik
Published: July 2024

This paper is concerned with deriving a new test on a covariance matrix which is based on its nonlinear shrinkage estimator. The distribution of the test statistic is deduced under the null hypothesis in the large‐dimensional setting, that is, when with variables and samples both tending to infinity. The theoretical results are illustrated by means of an extensive simulation study where the new nonlinear shrinkage‐based test is compared with existing approaches, in particular with the commonly used corrected likelihood ratio test, the corrected John test, and the test based on the linear shrinkage approach. It is demonstrated that the new nonlinear shrinkage test possesses better power properties under heteroscedastic alternative.
A revised classification of the assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) based on combined analysis of phylogenomic and morphological data
Authors: Masonick Paul K. , Knyshov Alex , Gordon Eric R. L. , Forero Dimitri , Hwang Wei Song , Hoey‐Chamberlain Rochelle , Bush Tatiana , Castillo Stephanie , Hernandez Madison , Ramirez Jamie , Standring Samantha , Zhang Junxia , Weirauch Christiane
Published: July 2024

Assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae Latreille) comprise not only one of the largest radiations of predatory animals (22 subfamilies; >6,800 spp.) but also include the medically important kissing bugs (Triatominae Jeannel). Reduviidae are morphologically diverse, engage in an astounding array of predatory strategies and have evolved some of the most unique anti‐predator and stealth techniques in the animal kingdom. While significant progress has been made to reveal the evolutionary history of assassin bugs and revise their taxonomy, the non‐monophyly of the second largest assassin bug subfamily, Reduviinae Latreille, remains to be addressed. Leveraging phylogenomic data (2,291 loci) and 112 morphological characters, we performed the first data‐ and taxon‐rich (195 reduvioid taxa) combined phylogenetic analysis across Reduvioidea and reconstructed morphological diagnostic features for major lineages. We corroborated the rampant polyphyly of Reduviinae that demands substantial revisions to the subfamilial and tribal classification of assassin bugs. Our new classification for Reduviidae reduces the number of subfamilies to 19 and recognizes 40 tribes. We describe three new subfamilies to accommodate distantly related taxa previously classified as Reduviinae (Heteropinae subfam. nov., Nanokeralinae subfam. nov., and Pasirinae subfam. nov.). Triatominae sensu nov. are expanded to include closely related predatory reduviine genera. Cetherinae Jeannel, Chryxinae Champion, Pseudocetherinae Villiers, Salyavatinae Amyot & Serville and Sphaeridopinae Amyot & Serville are treated as junior synonyms of Reduviinae sensu nov. Epiroderinae Distant are synonymized with Phimophorinae Handlirsch sensu nov. and Bactrodini Stål stat. nov. are reclassified as a tribe of Harpactorinae Amyot & Serville. Psophidinae Distant is treated as a valid subfamily. This new classification represents a robust framework for future taxonomic and evolutionary research on assassin bugs.

Zoobank Registration: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2310C9AA-0D53-4EF6-9E75-C2B3A98CE096
A novel HLA‐DRB4 allele, HLA‐DRB4*01:179
Authors: Wu Wang‐da , Zhong Xian‐xin , Quan Zhan‐rou , Luo Sheng‐hua , Yuan Rui
Published: July 2024

One nucleotide substitution in codon 30 of HLA‐DRB4*01:03:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐DRB4*01:179.
New viruses are inevitable; pandemics are optional—Lessons for and from statistics
Authors: Nicholson James , Ridgway Jim
Published: July 2024

We explore ways in which statistics can be used to understand disease spread and support decision‐making by governments. “Past performance does not guarantee future results”—we hope. We discuss and show examples from the National Science Foundation (NSF)‐funded COVID‐Inspired Data Science Education through Epidemiology (CIDSEE) project. Throughout, the emphasis is on the relationships between evidence, modeling and theorizing, and appropriate action. Statistics should be an essential element in all these aspects. We point to some “big statistical ideas” that underpin the whole process of modeling, which can be illustrated vividly in the context of pandemics. We argue that statistics education should emphasize the application of statistics in practical situations, and that many curricula do not equip students to use their understandings of statistics outside the classroom. We offer a framework for curriculum analysis and point to some rich teaching resources.
Assessment of visual acuity in Python regius using optokinetic response
Authors: Gomez Zaira , Cameron D. Joshua , Eng Curtis
Published: July 2024

Snakes are known for their unique abilities including infrared reception and their heavy reliance on heat sensors and vibrations. Infrared reception of snakes has gone under immense investigation; however, there have been very few studies that elaborate on their capacity to see. The goal of this study is to determine visual acuity of ball pythons (Python regius) by observing their optokinetic response (OKR). The OKR is a series of rapid saccadic and smooth pursuit movements of the eyes. It has been used for decades to determine visual acuity in multiple species such as humans, rats, and other nonmammalian species such as zebrafish and box turtles. Past studies have discovered that birds, reptiles, and amphibians achieve gaze stabilization by head and body movements, whereas in mammals and fish, gaze stabilization is conducted by eye movements. In this study, ball pythons were placed in a clear tube in a dark room, and a spinning black and white grating was projected in front of them. The size, direction, and velocity of the grating was manipulated which allowed their visual acuity to be determined. Our hypothesis is that P. regius would have a poor OKR response with low visual acuity due to their heavy reliance on other senses. Results show that P. regius does respond to visual stimuli, shows ocular saccadic movement in the direction of their stimuli, and has a relatively poor visual acuity when compared to other previously studied reptiles.
Social network effects on particle variation among Singapore students
Authors: Botha Werner , Bernaisch Tobias
Published: July 2024

We situate our study of Singapore English particles in the context of social network theory and language variation in order to gain access to Singapore students’ most natural language use (that is, their vernacular, in the Labovian sense), and consider aspects of social as well as stylistic variation. We provide the results of a study on the ego‐centric social networks of Chinese and Malay students and consider the network effects of social network zones as important in the social and stylistic variability of discourse particle use in these social networks. We argue that variation in the use of discourse particles is multifaceted and cannot be simply explained in terms of so‐called social constraints such as ethnicity, or gender, but rather as a combination of social variables that are fluid, and which reveal insights into the changing language situation of Singapore society at large.
Notes on three new species records of Euonymus fimbriatus, Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae) and Dalbergia hancei (Fabaceae) in Bhutan
Authors: TSHERING Tsethup , DORJI Rinzin , DENDUP Kinzang , TSHERING Phub , SHERPA Nima Tshering , TAKCHU Ugyen , GYELTSHEN Sangay , WANGCHUK Sangay , WANGCHUK Jigme
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to add three new species to Bhutan’s floral database: Euonymus fimbriatus Wall., Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. from the Celastraceae family, and Dalbergia hancei Benth. from the Fabaceae family. We provide descriptions and the spatial distributions of these newly found species.
Next-generation sequencing based Cyperus niveus (Cyperaceae) complete chloroplast genome: A comparative analysis and phylogeny
Authors: SHAHBAZ Muhammad , HAYAT Muhammad Qasim , AHMAD Ibrar , FAKHAR Hafiz Imran , SHAH Iqra
Published: July 2024

Cyperus niveus, a perennial herb, holds significant traditional and scientific medicinal value. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. niveus was assembled and comparisons were conducted among species in the genus Cyperus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was also conducted in Cyperaceae. The chloroplast genome of C. niveus exhibits a quadripartite structure, spanning a length of 185,454 base pairs (bp). The genome contains a large single-copy region (99,339 bp), flanked by two inverted repeats (IRs) (IRA and IRB: each 38,021 bp) separated by a small single-copy (SSC) region (10,073 bp). The chloroplast genome of C. niveus was rich in adenine-thymine (AT) at 66.7% and guanine-cytosine (GC) at 33.3%. A total of 140 unique genes were identified in the chloroplast genome of C. niveus, including 83 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. An amino acid frequency analysis uncovered the prevalence of leucine (10.90%) and isoleucine (9.20%). One hundred and forty-six simple sequence repeats and 49 oligonucleotide repeats were found in the chloroplast genome of C. niveus. A comparative analysis highlighted greater divergence within the IR and SSC regions. A phylogenetic assessment revealed that species within the genus Cyperus display phylogenetic conservation compared to other genera. Notably, the genus Carex exhibited substantial divergence, indicative of rapid evolutionary changes. C. niveus showed close resemblance with C. iria and C. exaltatus. In essence, this study and of chloroplast genome of C. niveus represents a valuable genomic asset that holds significance in species identification and comparative genomic research, presenting the first evolutionary relationship in Cyperaceae on the basis of chloroplast genome.
A categorical Torelli theorem for hypersurfaces
Authors: Pirozhkov Dmitrii
Published: July 2024

Let be a smooth Fano hypersurface of dimension and degree . The derived category of coherent sheaves on  contains an interesting subcategory called the Kuznetsov component . We show that this subcategory, together with a certain autoequivalence called the rotation functor, determines uniquely if  or if  and . This generalizes a result by Huybrechts and Rennemo, who proved the same statement under the additional assumption that divides .