bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artifactual Lung Ultrasonography: It Is a Matter of Traps, Order, and Disorder
Authors: Soldati Gino , Smargiassi Andrea , Demi Libertario , Inchingolo Riccardo
Published: February 2020

When inspecting the lung with standard ultrasound B-mode imaging, numerous artifacts can be visualized. These artifacts are useful to recognize and evaluate several pathological conditions in Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine. More recently, the interest of the Pulmonologists has turned to the echographic study of the interstitial pathology of the lung. In fact, all lung pathologies which increase the density of the tissue, and do not consolidate the organ, are characterized by the presence of ultrasound artifacts. Many studies of the past have only assessed the number of vertical artifacts (generally known as B-Lines) as a sign of disease severity. However, recent observations suggest that the appearance of the individual artifacts, their variability, and their internal structure, may play a role for a non-invasive characterization of the surface of the lungs, directing the diagnoses and identifying groups of diseases. In this review, we discuss the meaning of lung ultrasound artifacts, and introduce hypothesis on the correlation between their presence and the structural variation of the sub-pleural tissue in light of current knowledge of the acoustic properties of the pleural plane.
Demonstration of Solar Cell on a Graphite Sheet with Carbon Diffusion Barrier Evaluation
Authors: Cho Hyelim , Kim Jaeyeon , Park Seran , Kim Soobong , Kim Hyunjong , Oh Hoon-jung , Ko Dae-Hong
Published: February 2020

An amorphous Si (a-Si) solar cell with a back reflector composed of zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) is potentially the most plausible and flexible solar cell if a graphite sheet is used as the substrate. Graphite supplies lightness, conductivity and flexibility to devices. When a graphite sheet is used as the substrate, carbon can diffuse into the Ag layer in the subsequent p-i-n process at 200–400 °C. To prevent this, we added an oxide layer as a carbon diffusion barrier between the carbon substrate and the back reflector. For the carbon diffusion barrier, silicon oxide (SiO2) or tin oxide (SnOx) was used. We evaluated the thermal stability of the back reflector of a carbon substrate using secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to analyze the carbon diffusion barrier material. We confirmed the deposition characteristics, reflectance and prevention of carbon diffusion with and without the barrier. Finally, the structures were incorporated into the solar cell and their performances compared. The results showed that the back reflectors that were connected to a carbon diffusion barrier presented better performance, and the reflector with an SnOx layer presented the best performance.
Establishment of a Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics System for the Cell Culture-Adapted Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3c Strain 47832c
Authors: Scholz Johannes , Bächlein Christine , Gadicherla Ashish K. , Falkenhagen Alexander , Tausch Simon H. , Johne Reimar
Published: February 2020

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. Investigation of HEV replication is hampered by the lack of broadly applicable, efficient cell culture systems and tools for site-directed mutagenesis of HEV. The cell culture-adapted genotype 3c strain 47832c, which represents a typical genotype predominantly detected in Europe, has previously been used for several basic and applied research studies. Here, a plasmid-based reverse genetics system was developed for this strain, which efficiently rescued the infectious virus without the need for in vitro RNA transcription. The cotransfection of T7 RNA polymerase-expressing BSR/T7 cells with one plasmid encoding the full-length viral genome and two helper plasmids encoding vaccinia virus capping enzymes resulted in the production of infectious HEV, which could be serially passaged on A549/D3 cells. The parental and recombinant virus exhibited similar replication kinetics. A single point mutation creating an additional restriction enzyme site could be successfully introduced into the virus genome of progeny virus, indicating that the system is suitable for site-directed mutagenesis. This system is the first plasmid-based HEV reverse genetics system, as well as the first reverse genetics system for HEV genotype 3c, and should therefore be of broad use for basic and applied HEV research.
Effect of Dehydration on the Rheological Measurement of Surimi Paste in Cone-Plate Rheometry: Heat and Mass Transfer Simulation
Authors: Park Hyeon Woo , Park Jae Won , Yoon Won Byong
Published: February 2020

Moisture transfer characteristics of Alaska pollock (AP) surimi were investigated at various temperatures. The effective moisture diffusivity increased from 5.50 × 10−11 to 2.07 × 10−9 m2/s as the temperature increased from 30 °C to 90 °C. In order to investigate the mass and heat transfer characteristics of AP surimi, the simulation model was developed and evaluated by root-mean-square error (RMSE) (<2.95%). Rheological properties of AP surimi were investigated at different heating rates (1 °C/min, 5 °C/min, 10 °C/min, 20 °C/min and 30 °C/min). As heating rate increased to 20 °C/min and 30 °C/min, elastic modulus (G’) significantly diminished. The diminished G’ could be explained by impaired gel during temperature sweep supported by the predicted temperature distribution in the simulation model. Changes in moisture content of AP surimi during temperature sweep were also measured and predicted by the simulation model. The results showed the decreased amount of moisture content significantly increased as heating rate increased.
La Crosse Virus Infection of Human Keratinocytes Leads to Interferon-Dependent Apoptosis of Bystander Non-Infected Cells In Vitro
Authors: Cruz Maria , Parks Griffith
Published: February 2020

Resident cells in the skin serve as the first innate line of defense against insect-borne pathogens, but the role of these cell types in promoting or limiting arbovirus replication is not completely understood. Here, we have examined the outcome of infection of cultured human keratinocyte cells with La Crosse virus (LACV), using a spontaneously transformed cell line, HaCaT. In single cycle infections, keratinocyte HaCaT cells supported rapid and high level LACV replication, resulting in high virus yields and extensive caspase-dependent cell death. By contrast, multi-cycle LACV replication in HaCaT cells was restricted by an antiviral response elicited by the production of both IFN-β and IFN-λ. During low multiplicity LACV infections, HaCaT cell death was seen in non-infected bystander cells. Media from LACV-infected cells induced caspase-dependent killing of naïve non-infected HaCaT cells, and this bystander cell death was relieved by IFN-β neutralizing antibodies or by an inhibitor of JAK-STAT signaling. Naïve HaCaT cells showed dose-dependent killing by treatment with exogenous IFN-β but not IFN-λ. Our data suggest a model whereby keratinocytes produce IFNs which limit virus spread through both antiviral signaling and by induction of bystander cell death of potential new target cells for infection.
Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4+-N) Removal from Groundwater by a Dropping Nitrification Reactor: Characterization of NH4+-N Transformation and Bacterial Community in the Reactor
Authors: Maharjan Amit Kumar , Kamei Tatsuru , Amatya Iswar Man , Mori Kazuhiro , Kazama Futaba , Toyama Tadashi
Published: February 2020

A dropping nitrification reactor was proposed as a low-cost and energy-saving option for the removal of NH4+-N from contaminated groundwater. The objectives of this study were to investigate NH4+-N removal performance and the nitrogen removal pathway and to characterize the microbial communities in the reactor. Polyolefin sponge cubes (10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm) were connected diagonally in a nylon thread to produce 1 m long dropping nitrification units. Synthetic groundwater containing 50 mg L−1 NH4+-N was added from the top of the hanging units at a flow rate of 4.32 L day−1 for 56 days. Nitrogen-oxidizing microorganisms in the reactor removed 50.8–68.7% of the NH4+-N in the groundwater, which was aerated with atmospheric oxygen as it flowed downwards through the sponge units. Nitrogen transformation and the functional bacteria contributing to it were stratified in the sponge units. Nitrosomonadales-like AOB predominated and transformed NH4+-N to NO2−-N in the upper part of the reactor. Nitrospirales-like NOB predominated and transformed NO2−-N to NO3−-N in the lower part of the reactor. The dropping nitrification reactor could be a promising technology for oxidizing NH4+-N in groundwater and other similar contaminated wastewaters.
An Integrated Urban Flood Vulnerability Index for Sustainable Planning in Arid Zones of Developing Countries
Authors: Salazar-Briones Carlos , Ruiz-Gibert José Mizael , Lomelí-Banda Marcelo A. , Mungaray-Moctezuma Alejandro
Published: February 2020

Floods are among the most recurring and devastating natural hazards, impacting human lives and causing severe economic damage. Urbanization can increase the risk of flooding due to increased peak discharge and volume. Over arid urban areas of developing countries, flood disaster management is reactive, responding to prevailing disaster situations, mainly because of the lack of budget, equipment, facilities, and human resources. The approach required in a new city requires a different operative planning process, ruled by different kinds of specific indicators to be incorporated in the sustainable planning process. This study focuses on an approach to assess flood vulnerability as a planning tool using an integrated flood vulnerability index (FVI) with variables that are accessible in developing countries and arid urban areas. The research took place in the city of Mexicali, Baja, California. México. This index was determined by coupling the variables of three components: social, economic, and physical. The FVI reflects the status of an urban scale’s vulnerability. Variables were obtained from government data for the social and economic components, and a hydrological and hydraulic model approach as a physical component. The correlation of each variable to the flood was taken into account by using a general linear transformation. GIS was used as a tool for the development of spatial analysis. The results showed the spatial distribution of vulnerability at an urban district scale. It was found that 55% of the population is exposed to a vulnerability above the average value of the urban area. Integrating all the components will help decision-makers to implement strategies to improve the resilience of the area by attending the needs of the particular component that is more vulnerable.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DRAINAGE FOR ACUTE OBSTRUCTIVE PYELONEPHRITIS SECONDARY TO URETERIC CALCULI
Authors: Le Dinh Dam , Nguyen Xuan My , Nguyen Truong An , Nguyen Khoa Hung , Le Dinh Khanh
Published: February 2020

Purposes: To evaluate the effectiveness drainage for acute obstructive pyelonephritis secondary to ureteric calculi.
Materials and Methods: 45 patients with obstructive pyelonephritis due to urolithiasis were hospitalized between October 2015 and Mars 2018 at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital.
Results: The male to female ratio was 1 : 5.5. The median age was 54.16 ± 10.29 years (range 34 – 74 years). The physical findings at the time of hospitalization were as follows: body temperature 38.87 ± 0.66°C, pulse rate 94.38 + 12.29/min, respiratory rate 24.62 ± 5.57/min, systolic blood pressure 120.11 ± 16.39 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 73.66 ± 9.19 mmHg. The laboratory findings were as follows: WBC: 13.97 ± 5.27g/l, platelets 266.91 ± 139.932 g/l, serum creatinine 96.09 ± 34.023 umol/l, serum CRP 160.08 ± 96.42 mg/l, serum procalcitonin 9.21 ± 22.57 ng/ml. The average size of the stones was 15.89 ± 9.84 mm (5 - 47). 14 patients had a positive urine culture result. The SIRS in 39 patients (86.7%). 44 patients (97.8%) received transurethral stenting using a double-J ureteral catheter and 1 patient (2.2%) received percutaneous nephrostomy. All patients received antimicrobial therapies. After the drainage of the upper urinary tract and antimicrobial therapies, all patients were apyretic. The flank pain and of the costovertebral angle tenderness disappeared. The serum WBC, CRP and Procalcitonin were decreased.
Conclusions: Upper urinary tract infection in the patient with obstructive urolithiasis is a urologic emergency. It is necessary to drainage early to avoid septic shock and eventually death.

Key words: acute obstructive pyelonephritis secondary, ureteric calculi, septic shock
Slovensko – vš štúdium v zahraničí
Authors: Bystrianska Mária
Published: February 2020

International student mobility is the most complex transformational learning experience, which governments and various institutions can grant. Research has shown that international student mobility can lead to better international relations, intercultural understanding, improved academic environment and increase employment. The framework of international learning mobility doesn’t mean just the internationalization of study of each student but also the internationalisation of institutions in educational system. Benefits of internationalisation bring economic benefits and social power to local areas. The largest, most developed and economically most significant aspect of international student mobility involves students seeking full degrees in foreign countries. According to OECD information, the Slovak Republic has strong educational system. Secondary education of adults is highest in the OECD area. On other hand, by the same source, comparing to 10% in 2010, there were 17% of Slovak students studying abroad at the tertiary educational level in 2016. In this context, it is one of the highest mobilities within Europe. Consequently, we can expect that such mobilities logically and significantly affects formation of current Slovak society as well as have important impact to its future and bring new challenges for Slovakia. One of the possible challenges, reflecting the effort of understanding of this phenomena in Slovakia, is the research. The first research of the Institute of Sociology of SAS in this field, called Brain Drain 2014, examined selected mobility factors of university students from Slovakia studied abroad. The aim of the current follow-up research is to extend our knowledge to the research of study agencies operating in Slovakia and offering possibility of University degree mobility. The Brain Drain 2014 survey received data on 200 graduates from their parents. Based on the results of this research, it was found out that especially children of university-educated parents and graduates of grammar schools are those who choose study abroad. There were also identified different characteristics of parents of Slovakian students studying in neighboring countries (CZ, HU and AT) and students studying in Western Europe and the USA. Students studying farther came significantly more often from families with both parents with university degree. The follow-up research, in addition to the questionnaire research, will analyze semi-structured interviews with study applicants, students, graduates and representatives from study agencies.
Inštitucionálna ochrana ľudských práv Slovenskej republiky v komparácii s Českou republikou
Authors: Csudai Eduard
Published: February 2020

The Czech and Slovak system regarding the establishment of human rights institutions is different, although the countries constituted a common state for more than 80 years. While the Slovak behaviour on creating institutions is very fruitful (Slovakia established more than 5 human rights institutions), the Czech Republic has remained with a single one since 1999. Different approaches regarding this issue represent a very interesting area for research and the article defines the main reasons on opposing institutional behaviour of two previously connected countries. In such regard, the article attempted to answer the main research question on why such trend of human rights institutionalism occurred in countries of former Czechoslovakia through the lens of historical institutionalism. The analysis of critical junctures defined the situations why powerful actors decided to establish new institutions with a path dependent process. One party governmental systems - in Czech republic (1998-2002) and Slovakia (1992-1994, 2012-2016) established the most of the human rights institutions, while the period of Mikuláš Dzurinda’s second government in Slovakia (1998-2002) is the only period of multi-party coalition, when a human rights institution was created. The reasons of establishing human rights institutions remain dubious and without further explanations, and therefore the former political will can arrange the human rights institutional arrangement with its own perspective and simple reasoning. The article used as main methodological tool the content analysis of relevant documents (explanatory memorandums) and original transcripts of speeches of the Czech and Slovak Members of the National Council.
Násilie páchané na senioroch ako závažný problém v súčasnosti
Authors: Draková Zuzana
Published: February 2020

The paper draws attention to violence against the elderly as a serious problem at present. Anyone of us can be the victim of violence, but the criminals usually choose people who cannot adequately defend themselves. That is why the older population of our society is at great risk. This topic is still tabooed and we therefore consider it extremely important to appeal to society by pointing out the fatal consequences of this irrational crime. Relationship does not entitle anyone to be a rapist.
Discovereu ako nový nástroj európskej mládežníckej politiky
Authors: Gusejnov Javer
Published: February 2020

This paper discusses a new implementation tool for European youth policy called DiscoverEU, which provide 18-year old Europeans their first experience with youth mobility programs. This initiative is new in the “preparatory action” phase and after this “pilot period”, the EU institutions will evaluate the future of the initiative. The paper is based on an analysis of data provided in documents published by the European Commission on the number of participants within the three selection rounds carried out so far. It also analyses and compares the findings from the four selected EU Member States that were provided directly by participants, using the questionnaire method of data collection from 5 400 participants in the first round of the preparatory action. The aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate the implementation of the preparatory action so far in terms of meeting its stated objectives – firstly, in terms of the quantifiable objective concerning the number of participants and secondly, with regard to the subjective evaluation of acquired skills based on feedback from participants. In addition, the paper focuses on identifying the most common participant profile and discusses how to enhance the initiative's inclusiveness. The most important finding of realized research is that DiscoverEU provides great opportunity for young Europeans but it lacks a link to another EU Youth Policy tools such as European Solidarity Corps.
Kooperácia európskych síl v kontexte vojen Perzského zálivu
Authors: Michalisko Pavol
Published: February 2020

The article deals with problemacy of the cooperation of the european military forces in the Persian Gulf in the period of the Iraq-Iran War, Iraq-Kuwait War and during the Operation Iraqi Freedom. Positions and statements of european states were changing during Wars in the Persian Gulf depending on national interests and changing in the world system. The cooperation of European states in the context of the Gulf Wars as a case study opens the future dimensions of the European policy visions in the 21st century.We used the method of analysis and the subsequent synthesis of the acquired knowledge and facts was used. We processed the work in analytical, historical-analytical, historical-descriptive and comparative method.
Politická kultúra na Slovensku
Authors: Mišovičová Klaudia
Published: February 2020

The current political culture in Slovakia was influenced by the key political events after november 1989. The term political culture is always a concept within a broader theory and is an access path to scientific policy analysis. Therefore, the aim og the paper was to look at Gabriel Almond)s political science through his main work The Civic Culture and the result that political culture is one of the perspectives of research into subjective political orientations. It is based on the system theory of the political system as a nationally established structure of interacting tasks in which four different levels can be distingnished. Almond established a sout of tradition of political science research, his works being the stimulus for extensive work in the field of theory and empirical research motivated by the efforts of research on political culture on a whole new foundation.
Pharmaceutical Co-Crystallization: Regulatory Aspects, Design, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Raheem Thayyil Abdul , Juturu Thimmasetty , Nayak Shashank , Kamath Shwetha
Published: February 2020

Pharmaceutical co-crystals are novel class of pharmaceutical substances, which possess an apparent probability of advancement of polished physical properties offering stable and patentable solid forms. These multi-component crystalline forms influence pertinent physicochemical parameters like solubility, dissolution rate, chemical stability, physical stability, etc. which in turn result in the materials with superior properties to those of the free drug. Co-crystallization is a process by which the molecular interactions can be altered to optimize the drug properties. Co-crystals comprise a multicomponent system of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a stoichiometric amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer incorporated in the crystal lattice. By manufacturing pharmaceutical co-crystals, the physicochemical properties of a drug can be improved thus multicomponent crystalline materials have received renewed interest in the current scenario due to the easy administration in the pharmaceutical industry. There is an immense amount of literature available on co-crystals. However, there is a lack of an exhaustive review on a selection of coformers and regulations on co-crystals. The review has made an attempt to bridge this gap. The review also describes the methods used to prepare co-crystals with their characterization. Brief description on the pharmaceutical applications of co-crystals has also been incorporated here. Efforts are made to include reported works on co-crystals, which further help to understand the concept of co-crystals in depth.
Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Serum Levels of Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Prognosis among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Randomized, Double Blind, TNS Trial
Authors: Shaafi Sheyda , Ebrahimpour-Koujan Soraiya , Khalili Mohammad , Shamshirgaran Seyad Morteza , Hashemilar Mazyar , Taheraghdam Aliakbar , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Sadeghi Hokmabadi Elyar , Ahmadi Yaeghoub , Farhoudi Mehdi , Rezaeimanesh Nasim , Savadi Osgouei Daryoush
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Stroke is one of the most common conditions causing death. There have been few studies examining the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on stroke patients. In this regard, the present randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to examine the effects of ALA supplementation on serum albumin, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in stroke patients. Methods: The present paralleled randomized controlled clinical trial involved 42 stroke patients who were over 40 years and under enteral feeding. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups and finally 40 patients completed the study. Patients in alpha lipoic acid group (n=19) took 1200 mg ALA supplement daily along with their meal, and participants in control group (n=21) underwent the routine hospital diet for 3 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained and albumin, oxidative stress, and inflammatory indices were assessed at baseline, as well as at the end of the trial. Results: After 3 weeks, treatment of patients with ALA led to a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels (P=0.01) compared to baseline. But serum levels of albumin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α did not change significantly vs. control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: ALA did not significantly change the serum levels of albumin and inflammatory as well as antioxidant capacity indices in stroke patients compared with the control group. More clinical trials with large sample sizes and long duration are needed to clarify the effects of ALA on these patients.
Differential Subordination Results for Holomorphic Functions Associated with Wanas Operator
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Altınkaya Şahsene
Published: February 2020

In this investigation, we define a certain class of holomorphic functions defined by Wanas operator in the open unit disk U. We establish some important geometric properties for this class such as inclusion relationship, integral representation and argument estimate.
Use of Ultrasound to Prepare Permeable Crosslinked PVA Membranes
Authors: ASMAN Gülsen , TAŞKIN ÇAKICI Gülşen , KONDOLOT SOLAK Ebru , SİVAPRAKASAM Kannan
Published: February 2020

The major topic covered in this paper is the application of ultrasound to crosslinked- poly(vinyl alcohol) (c-PVA) membranes as a novel, simple, eco-friendly, green-method to enhance the reduced permeabilities of c-PVA membranes due to crosslinking. The effect of sonication on the swelling and diffusion behaviors of c-PVA membranes was compared with that of the additive added crosslinked composite membranes, for which n-SiO2 and n-Ag were used as nanofillers. Aqueous solutions of rhodamine-b (RB) and Fe3+ were used to determine the permeation characteristics of the membranes. By the study, it was determined that although the presence of n-Ag and also n-SiO2 increased the hydrophilicity and the permeation capability of the c-PVA membranes, ultrasonication (US) was found to be more effective, eco-friendy method to promote the permeation characteristics of the membranes.
Menuda tarea: Hacer gestión en salud en el Perú
Authors: Aguinaga-Fernández Héctor Agustín
Published: February 2020

Carta al editor (sin resumen)
Limitación de la movilidad articular de la mano y ateromatosis carotídea en diabéticos tipo 2
Authors: Sisniegas-Vergara César , Ríos-Vásquez Carlomagno
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la limitación de la movilidad articular (LMA) de la mano y la presencia de placas de ateroma en las arterias carótidas de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Material y métodos: 80 pacientes con DM2, en dos grupos (40 con LMA y 40 sin LMA), entre 40 y 80 años. La LMA se diagnosticó con una maniobra de la plegaria positiva. Usando ultrasonografía en modo B de las arterias carótidas se clasificaron las placas ateromatosas según la Escala de Gray-Weale. Resultados: No existió diferencia significativa en edad y sexo entre ambos grupos. El grupo de LMA tuvo mayor tiempo de enfermedad. Los valores de VLDL colesterol, urea y creatinina fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de LMA. Ambos grupos de pacientes tuvieron igual tipo de tratamiento para diabetes, hipertensión arterial y anti dislipidémico. La LMA estuvo asociada a un mayor número de ateromas. Las placas carotídeas de tipo I, II y III fueron más frecuentes en los pacientes con LMA. Conclusiones: los pacientes con DM2 y con LMA tienen mayor número de placas de ateroma en las arterias carótidas que los pacientes sin LMA.
Características y tiempos del proceso de atención en consulta externa de un Hospital Nivel III
Authors: Díaz-Chiclayo Astrid , Fernández-Mogollón Jorge Luis , Díaz-Vélez Cristian
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Describir las características y tiempos del proceso de atención de los pacientes atendidos en el área de consulta externa durante el año 2014 en el Hospital Base Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con una muestra de 379 pacientes nuevos en los servicios de consulta externa. Se utilizó el aplicativo web del Sistema de Referencias y Contrarreferencias, y el Sistema de Gestión Hospitalaria para obtener la muestra y los datos. Resultados: Los tiempos de referencia real y efectivo presentaron una mediana de 36 días y 39 días calendario, respectivamente; el tiempo de diagnóstico tuvo una mediana de 0 días, los tiempos de tratamiento real y efectivo tuvieron una mediana de 0 días, los tiempos de laboratorio real y efectivo, con medianas de 45 y 48 día; y, por último, el tiempo de espera radiológico tiene una mediana de 73 días y el tiempo de espera para resultado radiológico cuenta con una mediana de 0 días. Conclusiones: Los tiempos de espera más prolongados fueron los de referencia y ayuda diagnóstica; los que deben ser especialmente estudiados para identificar los principales factores que influyen sobre ellos y mejorar así nuestro sistema de salud.
Papilectomía endoscópica de lesión ampular benigna: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Torreblanca-Nava Juan Alberto , Ferrándiz-Quiroz Jorge Manuel , Calderón-Yerén Emma Margot , Vargas-Blácido Daniel Andrei , Garrido-Acedo Renato , Malpartida-Canchiz Walter Ruben , Landeo-Aliaga Italo , Rojas-Chihuan Flor De María , Arenas-Gamio José Luis , Sayajo-Mendoza Fiorella Siduith
Published: February 2020

Introducción: Las lesiones de la ampolla de Vater representan alrededor del 0,5 % de las neoplasias gastrointestinales. Reporte del caso: el cuadro clínico es inespecífico por lo que su diagnóstico es incidental. La biopsia de la ampolla de Vater tiene un falso - negativo del 60 % para adenocarcinoma, por lo que todos los adenomas diagnosticados deben ser resecados, por el alto riesgo de malignización; teniendo una supervivencia del 67 % a los cinco años. Conclusión: se reporta el caso de una paciente con adenoma de la ampolla de Vater a quien se realizó papilectomía endoscópica.
The Analysis of Some Results of Implementing the Russian Strategy for Prevention
of HIV Transmission in the Volga Federal District in 2017–2018
Authors: Kuzovatova Е.Е. , Zaitseva N.N. , Al’tova E.E.
Published: February 2020

The objective of the study was to analyze the results of fulfilling the Action Plan for Implementing the Strategy for Prevention of HIV Transmission in the Volga Federal District in the specified period. Materials and methods. We analyzed data of the state statistical monitoring forms “Information about measures for prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, diagnosis and treatment of HIV-positive patients” and “Information about the results of blood tests for HIV antibodies” for 2017–2018 submitted by regional AIDS Prevention and Control Centers. Results. We established that, even though the number of HIV-positive persons had increased over the past three years, the percentage of cases receiving medical care remained stable (92.1% in 2018, 92.6% in 2017, and 92.3% in 2016). ART coverage was increasing: the number of patients on therapy significantly exceeded the number of patients in urgent need. We revealed a descending trend in the percentage of patients who discontinued therapy. The coverage by chemoprophylaxis of mother-to-child HIV transmission demonstrated an increasing trend but only 91.3% of pairs received a complete course in 2018. In 2018, 25.1% of VFD citizens were tested for HIV. For the first time, the results of work in the regions of the Volga Federal District were assessed by comparing achieved indicators not only with the district averages but also with the regional target indices. Conclusions. Most targeted indicators of the Strategy were achieved (HIV testing coverage, percentage of HIV positive women in labor who received chemoprophylaxis). We revealed the necessity of continuing efforts to increase ART coverage of HIV-infected persons and to provide its high efficiency.
Assessment of potential epidemic hazard related to hosting 2018 FIFA World Cup
in the Russian Federation
Authors: Udovichenko S.K. , Ivanova A.V. , Toporkov V.P.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. A comprehensive assessment of external and internal epidemiologic risks of hosting 2018 FIFA World Cup in the Russian Federation was carried out to improve efficiency of the system of preventive measures. Materials and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of statistical data acquired from WHO, Ministries of Health of the countries, local Rospotrebnadzor offices in host cities of the Russian Federation, and available publications. Results. We analyzed current epidemiologic situation in the countries of the world and assessed risks of importation of each infectious disease by participants and guests to 11 host areas. Internal epidemiological risks were assessed. The assessment made it possible to rank external and internal epidemiologic threats by the extent of potential epidemic hazard and take measures to prevent their importation and spread. Conclusions. We established a high risk of importing cholera, malaria, and dengue fever, a moderate risk of importing measles and chikungunya fever, a low risk of Zika virus disease, and the minimal risk of polio caused by wild-type poliovirus, yellow fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome, plague, Lassa fever, Marburg fever, Ebola virus disease, and avian influenza A (H7N9) during the championship. As for the regional threats, then in the Republics of Tatarstan and Mordovia, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara Regions the most significant was hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome while in the Sverdlovsk Region, Moscow, and St. Petersburg lime borreliosis posed the highest risk. The moderate risk of tick-borne encephalitis was determined in the Sverdlovsk Region, of Crimean hemorrhagic fever – in the Rostov Region, and that of West Nile fever – in the Volgograd Region. Differentiation and ranking of epidemiologic risks by the extent of potential epidemic hazard allowed us to substantiate the main organizational, preventive, and anti-epidemic measures during 2018 FIFA World Cup and ensure sanitary and epidemiologic well-being of the population.
The Organizational and Management Model of a Comprehensive Assessment
of Disease Incidence among Male Employees of the Shipbuilding Industry
Authors: Shapovalova M.A. , Mamedov I.G.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of disease incidence among male workers of shipbuilding and ship repair industries in the Astrakhan Region for creation of an organizational and management model of a comprehensive assessment of their disease incidence at workplaces in order to develop adequate preventive measures that exclude adverse health effects of occupational hazards in male shipbuilders. Materials and methods. Data for analysis were extracted from medical histories of inpatients and medical records of outpatients of the Russian Southern District Medical Center for the period 2015–2017. We applied methods of an opinion poll, expert examinations, correlation and regression analysis, mathematical modeling, as well as software products. Results. We built analytical models to assess health effects of determinants in shipbuilders. We also established the main occupational dangers, risks of occupational diseases, and the correlation between the number of patients and adverse industrial factors. We found that the risk of occupational diseases (0.8) was the highest in men over 45 (31.9 %) exposed to occupational hazards for more than 8.5 years. The lowest risk (0.2) was estimated for men aged 27–39 (68.1 %) with up to 6.6 years of occupational exposure. Conclusion. The organizational and management model was developed for the comprehensive assessment of causal relationships between the duration of exposure of shipbuilders to occupational hazards, the age of the employee, the risk of developing an occupational disease, and adequate preventive measures eliminating health risks and reducing effects of adverse industrial determinants.
APLIKASI SISTEM PAKAR BERBASIS ANDROID UNTUK DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) DENGAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Assyifa Marla Nur
Published: February 2020

Masyarakat pada zaman sekarang masih memiliki kesadaran yang rendah terhadap kebiasaan kecil yang merusak kesehatan. Contoh dari kebiasaan kecil tersebut adalah waktu makan yang tidak teratur atau menunda waktu makan. Kebiasaan menunda waktu makan membuat lambung memproduksi asam berlebih. Jika lambung memproduksi asam berlebih maka dapat memicu penyakit maag dan pada tingkat yang lebih tinggi dapat memicu munculnya salah satu penyakit pencernaan yaitu Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) yang akan membahayakan organ tubuh lainnya. Banyak masyarakat yang menganggap penyakit tersebut adalah hal kecil yang tidak perlu penanganan dokter. Aplikasi sistem pakar berbasis Android dirancang dan dibuat untuk mendiagnosis penyakit GERD dengan menampilkan besarnya kepercayaan gejala terhadap penyakit tersebut. Besarnya nilai kepercayaan merupakan hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode Certainty Factor. Pengujian sistem menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu melakukan diagnosis penyakit GERD berdasarkan gejala-gejala yang diderita pasien. Hasil diagnosis berupa persentase yang terbagi menjadi dua kategori yaitu akut dan kronis. Hasil persentase diperoleh dari perhitungan metode Certainty Factor yang menunjukkan tingkat kebenaran dan keakuratan dari kemungkinan penyakit GERD. Berdasarkan pengujian kepada 30 penderita GERD diperoleh persentase keakuratan sistem pakar sebesar 80%. Keakuratan sistem pakar diukur berdasarkan perbandingan antara hasil diagnosis pakar kesehatan dengan hasil diagnosis aplikasi sistem pakar.
SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK DIAGNOSA AWAL PENYAKIT LAMBUNG MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEMPSTER-SHAFER BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Ardiansyah Rizky , Fauziah Fuziah , Ningsih Andria
Published: February 2020

Berdasarkan situs kesehatan Health Line menyebutkan 60% orang dewasa akan mengalami masalah asam lambung. Di Indonesia penderita GERD pada tahun 2018 adalah 27,4% dan menempati urutan 10 besar penyakit dengan penderita terbanyak. Hal ini dipicu juga kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap informasi jenis-jenis penyakit serta gejala yang terdapat pada lambung. Selain itu jika gejala penyakit lambung muncul maka masyarakat kadang tidak segera berkonsultasi kepada dokter. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini dibuat sistem pakar yang dapat merekomendasikan diagnosa awal penyakit pada lambung berdasarkan gejala yang dipilih. Sistem pakar merupakan sistem computer yang digunakan untuk menyerap pengetahuan dan keahlian manusia. Aplikasi sistem pakar ini dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP dan database MySQL. Object pada penelitian ini hanya berfokus pada penyakit lambung yaitu Gastroparesis, GERD, Dispepsia, dan Tukak Lambung. Metode Dempster Shafer merupakan teori matematika berdasarkan fungsi kepercayaan dan pemikiran yang masuk akal. Pengujian akurasi sistem dengan menggunakan 20 sample mendapatkan presentase sebesar 95%.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AS A GLOBAL IMPERATIVE
Authors: ORIEKHOVA Tetiana
Published: February 2020

The idea of the circular economy is conceptualized as the basic transformative, integrative philosophy, which is the basis of ecological and economic policy of public-private partnership. It is found that the intensification of competition for resources leads to increased waste production and pollution, which led to the formation of an economic system. Its components are renewable energy sources, increased production of waste from production waste, minimization of food waste and improving the quality of life of all segments of society. All successful micro-industries have been found to be the product of successful business start-ups. The author identified the key factors of the circular economy: the potential of the Fourth Industrial Revolution; circular value chains based on recycled waste; leaders in the circular economy; cooperation. The analysis of the circular business model made it possible to prove that it can include one or a set of the following elements: circular design, optimal use, value recovery, network (chain) organization. Those ones represent the circular economy as a global imperative of the formation and development of its architecture.
Potensi cookies substitusi tepung biji kelabat (Trigonella foenum–graecum) dan jantung pisang batu (Musa balbisiana L.A.Colla) untuk meningkatkan volume ASI
Authors: Okinarum Giyawati Yulilania , Lestariningsih Lestariningsih , Dewi Devillya Puspita
Published: February 2020

Latar Belakang: Nutrisi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi air susu ibu (ASI).Volume ASI yang kurang menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab kegagalan ASI eksklusif. Biji kelabat (Trigonella foenum graecum) dan jantung pisang batu (Musa balbisiana L.A.Colla) merupakan tanaman lokal Indonesia yang mengandung galactagogue dan berpotensi meningkatkan volume ASI. Sediaan cookies dengan penambahan tepung biji kelabat dan jantung pisang batu dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif camilan bernilai gizi tinggi untuk ibu menyusui. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi cookies biji kelabat dan jantung pisang batu terhadap peningkatan volume ASI. Metode: Sebanyak 45 responden dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu postpartum di Klinik dan Praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB) wilayah Sleman. Sampel diambil secara acak dengan blok permutasi. Desain penelitian menggunakan double-blind randomized control trial posttest only control group design. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan cookies dengan penambahan tepung biji kelabat dan jantung pisang batu, sebanyak 80 gram per hari. Kelompok kontrol diberi cookies tanpa substitusi kedua tepung tersebut. Perlakuan diberikan selama tujuh hari. Volume ASI diukur pada hari ke-3, ke-5, dan ke-8 setelah mengonsumsi cookies. Data dianalisis dengan uji Friedman dengan post-hoc Wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan volume ASI yang bermakna antara kelompok intervensi yang diberi cookies biji kelabat dan jantung pisang batu dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Perbedaan volume ASI setelah pemberian cookies biji kelabat dan jantung pisang batu ditemukan antar setiap pengukuran. Kesimpulan: Cookies substitusi biji kelabat dan jantung pisang batu dapat menjadi alternatif cemilan untuk ibu menyusui karena peranannya dalam meningkatkan volume ASI.
Program edukasi terpadu di sekolah berbasis asrama untuk pencegahan anemia pada remaja putri
Authors: Styaningrum Silvia Dewi , Puspitarini Zenni , Sari Siska Puspita
Published: February 2020

Latar Belakang: Anemia pada remaja putri merupakan masalah kesehatan yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius saat ini karena menjadi rantai penyebab masalah gizi pada generasi mendatang. Edukasi mengenai anemia tidak hanya dibutuhkan oleh remaja putri, tetapi juga jejaring di sekelilingnya agar dapat berperan bersama dalam mencegah anemia. Edukasi terpadu yang melibatkan jejaring di sekitar remaja putri diharapkan mampu mencegah anemia pada remaja putri di sekolah berbasis asrama secara efektif. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh edukasi terpadu terhadap kadar hemoglobin darah remaja putri di sekolah berbasis asrama. Metode: Penelitian pre eksperimental dengan rancangan one grup pretest-posttest. Sebanyak 66 siswi boarding school di SMPIT LHI Yogyakarta menjadi sampel penelitian (purposive sampling). Darah diambil melalui pembuluh kapiler dan kadar hemoglobin diperiksa menggunakan rapid test sebelum dan sesudah intervensi berupa edukasi. Edukasi diberikan secara terpisah kepada semua sasaran yang meliputi siswi, guru, pendamping asrama, orangtua, dan petugas dapur. Uji hipotesis menggunakan paired t-test. Hasil: Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin sebelum intervensi edukasi menunjukkan bahwa delapan dari 66 remaja putri terdeteksi anemia, rerata kadar hemoglobin13,8 g/dl. Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin sesudah intervensi edukasi menunjukkan bahwa lima dari 66 remaja putri terdeteksi anemia, rerata kadar hemoglobin 14,4 g/dl. Uji hipotesis menggunakan paired t-test menunjukkan ada beda kadar hemoglobin sebelum dan sesudah intervensi (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Intervensi berupa edukasi terpadu di sekolah berbasis asrama memberikan pengaruh pada peningkatan kadar hemoglobin remaja putri.
Indirect investment and financial performance of the real estate sector in Nairobi County Kenya
Authors: Suley William , Moranga Kevin Getii
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of indirect investment on the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. The independent variables for indirect investment were: investment trusts, exchange-traded funds, commingled funds, and infrastructure funds. The dependent variable was the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. Secondary data was collected from the real estate’s online sources and some from the company offices and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were determined. The study was only able to collect secondary data from 45 real estate companies out of the target population of 69 registered by KPDA in 2015 as it was hard to get data of the rest either from online sources or from the company offices. With the aid of STATA 12.0 software and Excel software, quantitative results were tabulated and presented in the form of charts, bar graphs, and narratives. The study found an existing relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, the Exchange Trust Fund, the Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund. The study concludes that most of the coefficients were significant. The study also concludes that there is a relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, Exchange Trust Fund, Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund when these components are considered together they affect Performance
Venezuela foreseen economic path under fire
Authors: Salman Doaa M
Published: February 2020

The paper provides analysis on one of the feeblest countries that was once one of the richest. The country is actually facing several economic and political crises. This crisis originated from the continuous communist economic system and its’ heavily dependence on oil as source of revenue. The dependence of oil and the absent of other sources put the country under high risk not for the country only but for the whole region. The paper provides an overview for the reasons for escalating the current situation and its implications on the neighbor countries and a conclusion reflecting the foreseen possible economic situations way out.
Mediating role of learning capability in the relationship between authentic leadership and business performance
Authors: Zehir Cemal , Hemedan Isa
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study is to analyze the Mediating Role of Learning Capability in the Relationship between Authentic Leadership and Business Performance. This study will contribute to the explanation of the question, “What are the reasons inter-firm differences for superior performance?” and it will guide the firms on how they create sustainable competitive advantage and how they generate above-average profits. In this context, medium and large-sized enterprises involved the finance business and located the Marmara Region are included in the study. Data obtained from 252 employees in different grades have analyzed in order to test the hypotheses developed. As a result of the analysis, a significant and direct relationship was found between authentic leadership and business performance and also a significant and direct relationship was found between learning capability and firm performance. However, it was understood that learning capability has a mediating role in the relationship between authentic leadership and business performance
ДИАПАЗОН ВЫСОТ И СКОРОСТЕЙ ПОЛЕТА ВЕРТОЛЕТА. ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫЕ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Алексеев В.В. , Alekseev V.V.
Published: February 2020

Рассматриваемые вопросы потребная и располагаемая мощность, кривые Н.Е. Жуковского, теоретический и эксплуатационный диапазон высот и скоростей полета, диапазон скоростей и высот полёта вертолёта.