bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of cryopreservation technique in a very low number sperm count at Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Marthasari Rossy Sintya , Agustinus Agustinus , Supardi Supardi , Hinting Aucky , Iâ€™tishom Reny
Published: November 2020

Background:Â The massive development of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) offers new hope for the infertile couple. However, the advanced storage methods to preserve the quality of sperm has been raising by cryopreservation technique. This study aims to analyze the motility rate, recovery rate, and viability in subgroups of cryopreserved spermatozoa from the oligozoospermic patient as the quality parameter.Method:Â A true-experimental study by pre-test and post-test group design was conducted among 13 oligozoospermic patients with a very low sperm counts at Medical Biology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Parameters assessed in this study include motility, viability, and concentration of spermatozoa according to Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Sperm 5th edition. The samples were divided into 4 groups such as Group 1 (71-100 sperm), Group 2 (31-70 sperm), Group 3 (11-30 sperm), and Group 4 (1-10 sperm) based on sperm counts which underwent 30 repetitions of cryopreservation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for Windows.Â Results:Â There was a significant difference in the recovery rate among Group 1 (34.88Â±1.87), Group 2 (44.77Â±1.89), Group 3 (61.83Â±2.09), and Group 4 (70.90Â±2.71) of cryopreservation technique (P<0.001). However, there was no significantly different in the motility rate of sperm-cryopreservation technique among Group 1 (65.60Â±14.63), Group 2 (52.50Â±26.28), Group 3 (39.90Â±9.95), and Group 4 (44.70Â±41.77) (p=0.070). Based on the sperm-viability parameter assessed in this study, there was no significant difference among Group 1 (56.40Â±3.89), Group 2 (58.60Â±5.99), Group 3 (59.60Â±9.96), and Group 4 (56.70Â±11.30) (p=0.504).Conclusions:Â The sperm-cryopreservation technique significantly affected the recovery rate of very low sperm number count among groups. However, there was no significantly different in the motility rate and viability parameter in this study.Â
Duration of chronic kidney disease: as predisposition factor for erectile dysfunction in routine hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ismy Jufriady , Iqbal Muhammad , Dahril Dahril
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high global prevalence with an estimated prevalence of 10.6%. While the global prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) is 18.4% in men aged> 20 years and 33% aged> 50 years. ED is found in 70% of CKD patients. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between duration of chronic kidney disease with ED in patients undergoing routine hemodialysis.Method: A cross-sectional study conducted from 1 October 2018 to 18 June 2019 of 60 CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. History and examination were carried out using the International Erectile Function Index (IIEF-5) questionnaire.Result: Out of 60 samples, 42 patients (70%) had ED. The average duration of chronic kidney disease resulting in mild, moderate-moderate and moderate ED was 10.94 Â± 10.79, 24.20 Â± 17.84 and 38.40 Â± 16.78 months, respectively. Univariate analysis using Spearman rank correlation showed a direct relationship between the duration of CKD and DE (P = 0.00, R squared 0.814).Conclusion: Duration of chronic kidney disease has strong relationship with ED in hemodialysis patients
The learning curve in hypospadias urethroplasty: single-surgeon experience
Authors: Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Hutahean Andre Yudha Alfanius
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Hypospadias is one of the most frequent urological congenital anomalies. Due to the high difficulty of the procedures, a surgeon must face a steep learning curve at the start of the practice and experiencing the procedure to achieve maximum results. This study would like to evaluate the effect of experiences from a single surgeon doing hypospadias urethroplasty with the clinical outcome in Harapan Kita Mother and Children Hospital.Method: Retrospective cohort study was done from the period of 2016 until 2018 in Harapan Kita Mother and Children Hospital by reviewing the medical records of all patients that underwent hypospadias surgical treatment by a single pediatric urologist. All forms of hypospadias, age, and procedures were included. The operative techniques were done by the operational standard within the literatures. All data were presented as tables and learning curve line graph. Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS v.23(IBM Statistics, New York).Results: Total of 125 patients have undertaken urethroplasty by the surgeon. Most of the cases were new cases (96%) and dominant with 2-6 years group (57.6%). Proximal hypospadias (75%) followed by distal hypospadias (25%). Complications of fistula urethrocutan and stenosis neourethra were found to occur in 23% of the patients. Among the two most frequently done techniques, Onlay preputial island flap showed 10% occurrence of fistula urethrocutan and 1% occurrence of stenosis neourethra, as opposed to TPIF Duckett showing 13% and 20% respectively. There were trends of decrease in occurrences of fistula urethrocutan Â and stenosis neourethra following more experience in operating the surgery. All occurrences achieved 0% of occurring complication at the recent experiences of hypospadias urethroplasty.Conclusion: More experience in performing hypospadias urethroplasty seemed to affect clinical outcome, as occurrences of fistula urethrocutan and stenosis mid urethra be decreasing with more experience in a single pediatric urology surgeon.
The effectiveness of probiotic as adjuvant therapy of severe pneumonia in children below 5 years-old at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Adinatha Yohannes , Subanada Ida Bagus , Arimbawa I Made , Nilawati Gusti Ayu Putu , Gunawijaya Eka , Hartawan I Nyoman Budi
Published: November 2020

Background:Â Pneumonia is a respiratory disease that can cause a lot of morbidity and mortality. Factors that associated with severe pneumonia in children include toddler age, malnutrition, male sex, exclusive breastfeeding, incomplete immunization. This study aims to evaluate the probiotic effectiveness as adjuvant therapy in childhood pneumonia compared to placebo.Methods:Â This is a randomized, double-blind controlled trial among 54 children with severe pneumonia aged 2 months-5 years who received standard therapy and probiotics compared to standard therapy and placebo from August 2017 to July 2019. Both groups were evaluated for treatment outcomes after receiving 5 days of adjuvant therapy at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia which divided into Group I (n=27) (standard therapy and probiotics) and Group II (n=27) (standard therapy and placebo). Variables assessed in this study include the characteristic of subjects, length of stay, duration of fever, shortness of breath, retractions, rales, C-reactive protein (CRP), probiotics, and history of breastfeeding. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 for Windows.Â Results:Â Both groups were shown predominantly in male gender (66.67% and 59.26%), exclusive breastfeeding (88.89% and 77.78%), no malnutrition status (81.48% and 77.78%), and having complete immunization history (81.48% and 88.89%) in Group I and II, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference on the length of stay, length of fever, duration of the breath, length of subcostal retraction and decrease in CRP levels on both groups (p>0.05). Meanwhile, there was a statistical difference in rales duration (p=0.037). Multivariate analysis using Ancova found probiotics were able to reduce the duration of rales significantly by 5.87 hours (p=0.022; 95% CI: -10.89 â€“ (-0.86)).Conclusion:Â This study concluded that adjuvant therapy with probiotics significantly reduced rales duration in children with severe pneumonia.
Melanogenesis and its associated signalings
Authors: Suryaningsih Betty Ekawati
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Melanogenesis is the mechanism of melanin formation in the skin or hair, which is produced by melanosomes in melanocytes. Melanin is the main coloring pigment of the skin, hair and eyes, and also functions as a photoprotection against ultra-violet (UV) exposure.Methods: A total 20 relevant literatures which focused on skin pigmentation and melanogenesis were used to construct this review. The articles were published from 1998-2018. Most of the literatures were basic research and the clinical information were extracted from their discussion.Result: The process of melanogenesis starts from the migrational process of melanoblasts which are precursors of melanocyte cells originating from the neural crest into the epidermal layer and hair follicles. Many factors play a role in melanogenis both intrinsically and extrinsically, the dominant intrinsic factor is Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone-Î± (Î±-MSH) while the extrinsic factor that plays a role is UV ray.Conclusion: Melanogenesis is a complex process which influenced by a wide array of internal and external factors with Î±-MSH and UV ray act as the main regulators. Due to delicate nature of this process, defect in a certain stage could result in significant medical condition.
The molecular mechanisms of secondary osteoporosis: a literature review
Authors: Hajiyev Akif , Azizova Gulnara , Efendiyev Arif
Published: November 2020

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mass, microstructural degradation, decreased bone mineral density, and compromised bone strength. It is known as a disorder affecting the older population. However, aging is not the only factor involved. Millions of people with osteoporosis remain undiagnosed and often involveÂ secondary causes. In some studies, it is estimated that approximately 20-30% of postmenopausal women and above 50% of men having secondary osteoporosis. Secondary osteoporosis usually showed no clear clinical manifestations, and thus allow its progression to a fracture. The process of osteoporosis is complex as it involves various factors. This article triesÂ to provide an in-depth reviewÂ of the problem regarding theÂ mechanisms of secondary osteoporosis and the significance of related riskÂ factors. At the same time, it emphasized the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis
The relationship between cerebral salt wasting syndrome and clinical outcome in severe and moderate traumatic brain injury patient at Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Golden Nyoman , Putra Jeffrey Ariesta , Niryana Wayan , Mardhika Putu Eka
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Intracranial and extracranial factors causing secondary Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) are the primary targets for medical intervention and preventing brain damage. One of the extracranial factors that worsen the prognosis of TBI is Cerebral Salt Wasting (CSW) syndrome. There are only a few articles that report CSW in TBI patients, and no studies are describing the relationship between CSW and clinical outcome of head injury. This study aimed to determine the relationship between CSW and clinical outcome of TBI patients.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted from October 2018 to May 2019. Data collection was carried out in a surgical emergency and inpatient ward at Sanglah Hospital. The outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 3 months after head injury. The relationship between variables was analyzed and using Chi-square analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: Most of respondents are male (83.3%), severe head injury (73.3%), mild hyponatremia (90.0%), and negative fluid balance (100.0%) in CSW (+) group (Table 1). However, in CSW (-) group, most of respondents are male (70.0%), moderate head injury (85.0%), normal serum natrium (80.0%), and positive fluid balance (60.0%). CSW increased the risk of unfavorable outcomes, 5.7 times in moderate and severe head injuries (95% CI=1.8 â€“ 18.4; p=< 0.001).Conclusion: CSW syndrome increased the risk of unfavorable outcomes in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury patients.
Prevalence of ABO, RhD and other clinically significant Blood Group Antigens among blood donors at tertiary care center, Gwalior
Authors: Sharma Shelendra , Sharma Dharmesh chandra , Rai Sunita , Arya Anita , Jain Reena , Kaur Dilpreet , Jain Bharat
Published: November 2020

Background: Among all blood group systems and antigens, ABO and D antigens of the Rh blood group system are of primary importance, hence included in routine blood grouping and transfusion. Other blood group systems and antigens that are important in multiparous women, multi-transfused patients and hemolytic disease of newborn are Kell, Rh, Duffy, and Kidd.Aims and Objectives: Â To know the pattern of ABO, RhD and other clinically significant major antigens of Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood group systems as well as evaluationÂ  of phenotypes, genotypes and gene frequency of related antigens among blood donors in Gwalior region.Materials and methods:Â  A prospective study was carried out at the Blood Bank from July 2017 to June 2019. During the study period 48500 blood donors were included for ABO and RhD grouping, Out of them 1000 randomly selected donor samples were processed for complete Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood grouping.Result: Â ABO group pattern was; A - 22.56%, B - Â 36.52%, AB - 9.8% and O -31.12 %,Â  while RhD status was RhD+ 90.99% and RhD- 9.01% .Â  Prevalence ofÂ  Rh phenotypes was DCCee 43%, DCcee 33%, DCcEe 10%, dcceeÂ  6.5%, DccEeÂ  4.5%, DcceeÂ  1%, DCCEeÂ  0.3% and dccEe 0.2%. Kell phenotype was K-k+ 95.5%, K+k+ 4.5%, while K+ k- and K- k- phenotypes were not encountered in this study. Duffy phenotypes were Fya+ Fyb+ 47.5%, Fya+ Fyb- 35%, Fya- Fyb+17% and Fya- Fyb- 0.5%. Kidd phenotype was Jka+ Jkb- 44.5 %, Jka- Jkb- 26.5%, Jka+ Jkb+ 18% and Jka- Jkb+ 11%.Conclusion: Present study is helpful in the transfusion management of multiparous women and multi-transfused patients. Extended blood grouping is the need of future to ensure safe blood transfusion practices.
A rare case report of extensive abdominopelvic endometriosis mimicking peritoneal malignancy: an imaging investigation
Authors: Jutidamrongphan Warissara , Chayovan Thorsang , Tubtawee Teeravut , Hongsakul Keerati
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Endometriosis is a benign condition characterized by endometrial tissue deposited outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis characteristics include a well-defined cyst (endometrioma) with or without internal septations and seeding nodules; however, no case of extensive infiltrating abdominopelvic endometriosis have been reported.Case presentation: A 48-year-old female presented with incidentally found a hypervascular lesion in the pelvic cavity from routine checkup ultrasound. The computed tomography (CT) angiography investigation showed pelvic arteriovenous malformation (AVM). She underwent embolization at interventional radiology unit and the CT angiography follow up showed complete occlusion of pelvic AVM. However, eight months after embolization, she came with severe abdominal pain and hypotension. Emergency CT showed a large abdominopelvic mass with hemoperitoneum which was suspected for gynecologic or peritoneal malignancy. Further magnetic resonance image (MRI) was highly suspicious of peritoneum or mesentery malignancy. Surgical tumor removal was performed. The histologic results were negative for malignancy and the tumor was compatible with endometriosis.Conclusion: Extensive abdominopelvic endometriosis is rare, and its imaging findings may not exclude peritoneal malignancy. Therefore, a definite diagnosis via histological investigation is necessary.Â
Impaired cognitive function and its relationship with menopausal onset and exercise intensity of elderly women
Authors: Arsani Ni Luh Kadek Alit , Agustini Ni Nyoman Mestri , Wahyuni Ni Putu Dewi Sri
Published: November 2020

Background: The success of development is the ideals of a nation that can be seen from the improvement in living standards and life expectancy. This also results in a shift in the composition of the population, which will increase the composition of the elderly population. Increased life expectancy must also be accompanied by a good quality of life. During this time the elderly are related with helplessness, dependence, with various health problems such as various cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, cognitive impairments such as dementia. This needs to be the concern of all parties. This study aims to determine: 1) the prevalence of elderly women who experience cognitive dysfunction in Buleleng Regency; 2) the relationship between cognitive impairment and the onset of menopause; and 3) and the relationship between cognitive impairment and the level of exercise activities of elderly women in Buleleng Regency.Methods: This research is a descriptive correlational quantitative observational study with a cross sectional study approach. The study sites were in 5 sub-districts in Buleleng Regency with a total sample of 73 people. To find out the relationship between cognitive impairment and the onset of menopause and the pattern of exercise activities in older women, data were analyzed by contingency coefficient correlation test.Results: The results showed that 18.4% of elderly women experience definite cognitive impairment, 23% probale cognitive impairment, and 58.6% normal cognitive function. The relationship between cognitive impairment and the onset of menopause was obtained p value 0.296 which indicates that the correlation between the onset of menopause and cognitive function was not statistically significant. The relationship between cognitive impairment in elderly and level of exercise activity obtained a p value of 0,000 which indicates that the correlation between exercise activity and cognitive function is statistically significant.
Relationship between Interleukin-18 (IL-18) level and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) with ischemic stroke event in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Subawa Anak Agung Ngurah , Samatra Dewa Putu Gde Purwa , Santhi Desak Gde Diah Dharma
Published: November 2020

Background: Long-term stroke risk factors may lead to inflammation of endothelial vessels characterized by migration of macrophages and T-lymphocytes in blood vessel walls by releasing Interleukin-18 (IL-18) cytokines and causing changes in Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) values. This study aims to determine the relationship between IL-18 and MPV levels with ischemic stroke event in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar. Methods: A matched-pair case-control study design was conducted in this study. The number of stroke and control samples were 33 people, respectively, and the dependent variable was an ischemic stroke, following MPV and IL-18 as dependent variables. Free T-2 sample test used to compare MPV in each group while the Mann-Whitney test used to compare the interleukin levels of the two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: The MPV value of ischemic stroke patients was significantly higher (8.5Â±1.19 fL), whereas the MPV value at control was 0.00Â±0.44 fL (p<0.05). The levels of IL-18 were statistically significantly higher in stroke patients (450.71Â±278.82 pg/ml) compared with controls (221.46 Â± 127.83 pg/ml) (p<0.05). With the Spearman correlation test, there was a significant moderate negative correlation between MPV value and ischemic stroke (r=-0.357; p=0.003) as well as IL-18 and ischemic stroke (r=-0.492;p=0.000).Conclusion: Our study suggests that there was a significant relationship between MPV and IL-18 value and ischemic stroke event at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
The effect of purple sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L) ethanol extract on Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERÎ±) and SOD mRNA expression in the menopause-liver animal model
Authors: Sugiritama I Wayan , Wahyuniari Ida Ayu Ika , Ratnayanti I Gusti Ayu Dewi , Linawati Ni Made , Wiryawan I Gusti Nyoman Sri , Komalasari Ni Luh Gede Yoni , Arijana I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman
Published: November 2020

Background: Aging and estrogen deficiency in menopause women increase susceptibility to liver diseases. In postmenopausal women, the change of ERÎ± expressions and oxidative stress is related to liver diseases' pathogenesis. Phytoestrogens have been shown to protect and repair the liver organ due to estrogen deficiency. Purple Sweet Potatoes contain anthocyanins, a subgroup of flavonoids that have been shown to have antioxidant and phytoestrogen activity. This study aims to evaluate the phytoestrogen and antioxidant activities of purple sweet potato in a liver animal model of menopause through Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and ERÎ± expressions.Method: A true experimental study by randomized post-test-only control group design was conducted among 28 female Wistar rats-aged 10-12 weeks with a bodyweight of 180-220 gram, which underwent bilateral ovariectomies. These animals were divided into 4 groups, with 7 rats in each group. On day 7, Group T0, as control was given aquadest, ethanol extract of purple sweet potato was assigned to Group T1, T2, and T3 with doses 1, 2, and 4 mL/day, respectively, during 30 days. The SOD and ERÎ± mRNA expressions were evaluated by qRT-PCR with specific primers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: The mRNA expressions of ERÎ± were not significantly different among groups (p>0.05), while SOD expressions were significantly different among groups (p<0.05). The expression of SOD in Group T1 (504.39Â±231.4 pg/Î¼L), T2 (2,147.92Â±417.1 pg/Î¼L), and T3 (405.30Â±224.1 pg/Î¼L) showed a significantly higher than Group T0 (15.34Â±15.27) (p<0.05)Conclusion: Oxidative stress could be prevented by purple sweet potato in the liver through the SOD mRNA expression but not ERÎ±.
Scoring predictor for successful of arteriovenous fistulas as vascular access in hemodialysis patients: PAVAS score
Authors: Dandanah Maulidya Ayudika , Budiono Budiono , Puruhito Ito
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The use of vascular access (AV-fistula) for long-term hemodialysis is still served as the primary choice. The fact that there is still a high rate of failure of arteriovenous fistulas procedure is one of the obstacles in the treatment of chronic kidney disease problems. This study aims to assess the risk factors for AV-fistula or AV-shunt failure and develop a risk scoring system for the failure of the AV-fistula procedure in patients with chronic kidney disease.Methods: This study is a prospective study conducted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The analysis focuses on the risk factors for AV-fistula failure and performs a scoring order using multiple logistic regression methods.Results: Based on this study, three variables were found to have significant values in determining the risk of AV-fistula failure scoring, namely local arterial condition (p<0.1), local venous condition (p<0.1), and arterial diameter (p<0.1). The scoring system for normal arteries, normal veins, and artery diameter >1.8 mm was scored 1. Scoring for veins and arteries with a history of puncture was 1. Arteries with stiff sensation with weak pulses and veins with a history of intravenous catheters scored 2.Conclusion: The use of scoring based on parameters of arterial diameter, local venous condition, and local arterial condition becomes a scoring system for predictors of the risk of failure of the AV-shunt procedure, with three scoring categories, namely low risk (score 0-1), medium risk (score 2 -3), and high risk (score 4-5). This study is only a preliminary study for arteriovenous fistula scoring (PAVAS Score) due to the limited sample size so that a large-scale follow-up study is needed to assess the validity of the proposed PAVAS score.
High serum interleukin-2 levels are associated with pruritus in chronic kidney disease undergoing regular hemodialysis
Authors: Rusyati Luh Made Mas , Kandarin Yenny , Priliawati Ni Nyoman Tri
Published: November 2020

Background: Uremic pruritus or more accurately termed â€˜chronic kidney disease-associated pruritusâ€™ (CKD-aP) is chronic itch in patients with advanced or end-stage renal disease without evidence of any other active disease that could explain the pruritus. The pathogenesis of CKD-aP is complex and not fully clarified. Some preliminary studies indicate that CKD-aP is a systemic inflammatory disease with a deranged balance of T helper (TH) cell differentiation toward TH1 predominance especially IL-2. This study aimed to elucidate further the association of interleukin-2 serum levels with CKD-aP in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD).Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Sampling was taken with consecutive sampling technique. This study was carried out on 72 patients on regular HD consist of 36 patients with CKD-aP and 36 patients without CKD-aP after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were obtained at Hemodialysis Unit Sanglah General Hospital and IL-2 serum levels were measured at Clinical Pathology Laboratory Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar between July 2019 and August 2019. Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare IL-2 serum between CKD-aP and non-CKD-aP group.Results: Results in this study we found higher median IL-2 level (17.1 ng/l) on pruritus group versus those without pruritus (13 ng/mL) (p<0.05).Conclusion: IL-2 serum levels on CKD-aP patients are higher than those without CKD-aP in patients who undergo regular hemodialysis.
In vitro study comparison of purple leaf extract as denture cleanser at different concentration towards S. mutans growth on flexible denture
Authors: Dewi Tri Purnami
Published: November 2020

Background: The denture usage should be accompanied by good denture cleansing to prevent denture damage and oral disease due to bacterial on the denture. Research on purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum) showed that purple leaves have anti-bacterial and antimicrobial activity. So it is essential to study the effectiveness of purple leaves as denture cleanser towards the growth of S. mutans on flexible denture plates.Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of purple leaf extract at different concentrations: 1.25%; 2.5%; 10% and 40%, fittidentÃ’ and aquadest towards S. mutans growth on flexible denture plates.Methods: This study was in vitro study that used S. mutans from local isolates of the microbiological laboratory faculty of medicine, Universitas Udayana. The isolates were incubated for 24 hours with temperature 37oC on 18 plates (10x10x2mm). The concentration of purple leaf extract was 1.25%; 2.5%; 10% and 40%. The effectiveness of purple leaf extract, fittidentÃ’ and aquadest towards the growth of S. mutans can be evaluated from the number of S. mutans colonies on flexible denture base plate (CFU/ml). Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test with 95% confidence level (Î± = 0,05%). LSD (Least Significant Different) was tested to determine the significance of differences in the treatment group.Â Result: The lowest mean of colonies' growth was found in 10% concentration (21.0000). There was significant difference in colony count between the extract concentration groups (p=0.000). LSD-multi comparisons test on the Post Hoc analysis showed a significant difference between the extract concentrations of 1.25% to 10% (p=0.037), and the 2.5% extract to 10% (p=0.012) and 40% (p=0.027). Graptophylum pictum extract showed with highest flavonoid content (4340,30 mg/100 QE wb).Conclusion: All extract concentrations are effective in suppressing bacterial growth. The optimum concentration to the growth of S. mutans was the extract with 10% concentration but did not differ significantly with the 40% concentration extract. Â
Patient characteristics of non-operative anterior cruciate ligament injury associated with poor knee functions on activities of daily living: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Adhitya I Putu Gde Surya , Manuaba Ida Bagus Amertha Putra , Suprawesta Lalu , Mauludina Yosika Septi , Marufa Siti Ainun
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The ACL injury has commonly occurred in a greater number of athletes, less publication is about poor knee function and ACL injury in the patient with non-operative treatment. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with ACL injury non-operative, which are associated with poor knee function on daily living activities.Methods: We included patients with ACL injury that has been diagnosed for ACL injury by an orthopedic surgeon or physiotherapist in a hospital or private clinic. All participants were recruited from February 2019 to April 2019. The inclusion criteria were patients who at least 18 years old. We used the KOOS ADL function cut-off score â‰¤80 to dichotomous the patient with knee problems, and score >80 have no statistical analysis problem. We calculated using binary logistic regression on the KOOS ADL function for each variable.Results: The mean score of KOOS daily living was 72.8 points, of which 66 participants had poor scores, and 37 were acceptable. Women were 9.2 times more likely to had poor KOOS daily living scores than men in non-operative ACL injury patients (p=0.044), and non-elite athletes had a higher possibility by 8.5 times higher than those who were participated in sports only for leisure or recreation (p=0.002).Conclusion: This study confirmed that patients who did not undergo the ACL reconstruction had a poor knee function in daily living. It was associated with women and non-elite athlete participants, yet the concomitant injuries were possibly confounder for the association.
Assessment of quality of life among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar from April-May 2017 using EQ-5D-5L questionnaire
Authors: Apsari Dewi Ni Putu Rani , Kandarini Yenny , Sajinadiyasa I Gde Ketut , Triharnoto Triharnoto
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Hemodialysis or renal function replacement therapy is routine medical care for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Many problems arise among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis, including physical, psychological, social and family relationships. Those will affect patientâ€™s quality of life (QOL).Method: A cross-sectional study performed from April-May 2017 in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar using EuroQol 5 (EQ-5D-5L) Questionnaire to assess the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). All of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited to this study.Results: There were 46 patients participated in this study. Overall, 37 (86.05%) were male and divided into four age groups. The reported HRQOL as measured by means of EQ-5D-5L Index Value and EQ-VAS (Visual Analog Scale) Score was 0.71 Â± 0.22 and 75.7 Â± 0.635, respectively. The median of EQ-5D-5L Index Value and EQ-VAS Score was 0.71 [0.63-0.84] and 75 [70-80].Conclusion: This study provided associations between sociodemographic characteristics and their HRQOL. Healthcare providers should be aware of low HRQOL among patients with female gender, elderly patients and unemployed patients to improve their quality of life.
Prevalence of risk factors associated with hypertension at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali
Authors: Chelvam Mahen Isaac Pannir , Sugiritama I Wayan , Arijana I Gusti Nyoman Kamasan
Published: November 2020

Background: High blood pressure, also called "hypertension," is a serious medical condition. It happens when the force of the blood pumping through the arteries is too strong. The World Health Organization rates hypertension as one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide, and the problem is growing. This study aimed to determine the risk factors affecting Hypertension at Sanglah general hospital.Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The data used in this study is a secondary data collected from medical record of the patients with Hypertension at Sanglah general hospital, Denpasar, Bali in the year of 2015 until 2016. The data was categorized based on Body Mass Index (BMI), gender, age, alcohol consumption, and history of cardiovascular diseases.Results: There are 73(60.83%) males and 47(39.17%) females, the majority of patients were in the age group of 18 â€“ 70 years of age with the age group of 40 - 50 carrying a rather large quantity of 45.8% among the male gender and for the female gender the age group of 51 â€“ 60 showed the highest percentage of 38.2%, the sample consists of 60.83% of males and 39.17 of females from the total 120 samples taken from Sanglah general hospital. As for Body Mass Index (BMI), 25 â€“ 29.9 has the most significant value of 49 (40.83%) when compared to the other nutritional statuses present. The patients with the cardiovascular disease showed a very substantial amount of 69 (57.5%) among males and 41 (34.17%) among females. Patients with a history of alcohol consumption for the male gender had a value of 34 (28.30%), and for the female gender group, it carried an amount of 2 (1.70%).Conclusions: This study succeeded in identifying 120 samples of patients with hypertension and their contributing risk factors. The majority of the Samples were with body mass index (BMI) 25 â€“ 29.9 (40.83%). The samples with a history of cardiovascular disease showed a value of 69 (57.5%) among males and 41 (34.17%) among females. Patients with a history of alcohol consumption for the male gender had a value of 34 (28.30%), and for the female gender group, it carried an amount of 2 (1.70%)
Perubahan tingkat pengetahuan pasca penyuluhan penyakit menular tuberculosis (TB) terhadap masyarakat di Desa Tojan, Klungkung, Puskesmas Klungkung I, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmasari Sintia Sugiarta , Weta I Wayan
Published: November 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases that still need attention, especially in developing countries where the prevalence is still high. Health promotion is a step that can be done to prepare citizens in terms of their abilities and knowledge regarding TB disease. This study aims to see changes in people's knowledge after health promotion about TB in the village of Trojan, Klungkung, Bali.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study has been conducted to assesses the knowledge responses before and after delivery of material on TB. Health promotion was carried out on April 2nd 2018 in Banjar Desa Trojan Klungkung. Before giving the material 3 questions were given to 3 participants randomly, then after giving the material for 30 minutes, 3 questions were given to 9 random communities. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for WindowsResults: A total pre-test score was 44.4% while the post-test score was 88.9% where there was an increase of 44.5% after the material was given. In addition, all of the respondents showed a perfect post-test score (100,0%) both in the questions related to the symptoms of TB as well as the route of transmission for TB, respectively,Conclusion: This study shows that there is an increase in knowledge after the provision of health promotion through post-test evaluation.Â Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang masih perlu diperhatikan terutama di negara berkembang dimana prevalensinya masih tinggi. Penyuluhan merupakan suatu langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempersiapkan warga dalam hal kemampuan dan pengetahuan mengenai penyakit TB. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat perubahan pengetahuan warga setelah dilakukan penyuluhan mengenai TB di Desa Trojan, Klungkung, Bali.Metode: Sebuah studi potong lintang deskriptif telah dilakukan untuk menilai respon pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah penyampaian materi penyuluhan mengenai TB. Penyuluhan dilakukan pada tanggal 2 April 2018 di banjar Desa Trojan Kelungkung. Sebelum pemberian materi diberikan 3 buah pertanyaan kepada 3 peserta secara acak, kemudian setelah pemberian materi selama 30 menit, diberikan 3 buah pertanyaan kepada 9 masayarakat acak. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 17 untuk Windows.Hasil: Total nilai pre-test adalah 44,4% sedangkan nilai post-test adalah 88,9% dimana terjadi peningkatan sebesar 44,5% setelah pemberian materi. Di samping itu, seluruh responden menunjukkan hasil nilai post-test sempurna (100,0%) baik pada pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan gejala TB maupun jalur transmisi TB, secara berturut-turut.Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan setelah pemberian penyuluhan melalui evaluasi post-test.
Positive nikolsky sign and â€œpinpoint lake of pusâ€ in acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: a case report
Authors: Savitri Ketut Alit Pinidha , Wibawa Ketut Suteja , Supradnyan Komang Harry
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a severe, usually drug-related reaction, characterized by an acute onset of mainly small non-follicular pustules on an erythematous base and spontaneous resolution usually within two weeks. Current report aims to present management of AGEP in our center at Singaraja Regional Hospital, Bali-Indonesia.Case: A 78 years old woman with a history of acute coronary syndrome, was reported to have a severe allergic drug reaction. Patients reported taking cefixime medication for the past 2 days because of acute bronchitis. The patient was hospitalized because of the complaint, and diffuse miliary pustules were found above the base of erythematous skin. On examination of lesions, the Nikolsky sign was positive on lesions in the back and abdomen without any tenderness. Histopathological examination was suitable for the diagnosis of acute generalized exanthema pustulosis (AGEP). Systemic intravenous corticosteroid with oral antihistamines was choosen as a primary treatment for this patient.Conclusion: Treatment is based on the removal of the causative drug, supportive care, infection prevention and use of potent topical or systemic steroids
The physiological aspect of thyroid-induced breast cancer: a case report
Authors: Wijaya Putu Austin Widyasari
Published: November 2020

Background: Breast cancer has the second-highest prevalence of cancer in Indonesia. The aetiology of breast cancer involves endogenous sex hormone activity, estrogen. Besides, thyroid hormones have estrogen-like effects on breast tissue which are thought to play a role in the development of breast cancer. This case report aims to evaluate the physiological aspect of thyroid-induced breast cancer.Case Report: A 49-year-old Balinese woman came to the Primary Health Care with a history of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism for 5 years (2014-2019), complaining of a lump in her left breast. Open biopsy and immunohistochemistry were done (Grade III Invasive Carcinoma ER + 50%, Her + 2-3). Patients were diagnosed with stage 3B breast cancer and conservative treatment has been taken. The examination of TSH thyroid hormone was 0.204 ÂµIU/mL (normal = 0.5 - 6 ÂµIU/mL) and FT4 3.1 ng/dL (normal = 0.7-1.9 ng/dL).The primary management of patients was chemotherapy following by Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM), hormone suppressant injection, as well as Herceptin. Those medications were effective in reducing the development of breast cancer through thyroid hormone pathway.Conclusion: Some studies showed hyperthyroidism increase the risk of breast cancer and that high thyroid levels can cause estrogen-like effects, trigger proliferation and angiogenesis by activating the same pathway as estrogen those are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase Â½ (ERK Â½).
Periodontitis as early detection of diabetes mellitus: a literature review
Authors: Pratiwi Ade Indah
Published: November 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health problem and its prevalence is dramatically increasing, particularly in Indonesia. It can affect every organ in the body, and one of the oral manifestations is periodontitis characterized by the loss of tissue attachment. This review aims to identify further the periodontitis as early detection of diabetes mellitusMethods: A review of relevant literature was performed to elaborate on periodontitis involvement in diabetes mellitus. A total of 25 qualified published literature of all years were collected from several electronic database and manual search and included in this review.Results: On average, patients with periodontitis showed higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) plasma levels compared with individuals without periodontitis. Diabetes and periodontitis are complex chronic diseases with an established bidirectional relationship. There is long-established evidence that hyperglycemia in diabetes is associated with adverse periodontal outcomes. Here, we show that periodontitis is an early sign of diabetes mellitus and may, therefore, serve as a valuable risk indicator. A dentist who got patient with periodontitis is a suitable location for screening for diabetes by a simple finger stick and validated HbA1c dry spot analysis.Conclusion: Literature from a different type of study concluded that periodontitis is one of the oral manifestations that could be used as early detection in diabetes mellitus
Analysis of serum albumin levels in pre and post hemodialysis among Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Tanan Marini Kala , Mangarengi Fitriani , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a clinical syndrome caused by a chronic decrease and gradual progression in kidney function. One of the complications of CRF can cause hypoalbuminemia. Hemodialysis can also cause hypoalbuminemia associated with inflammation and malnutrition due to loss of protein during dialysis. This study aims to analyze the albumin levels in pre and post hemodialysis CRF patients in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar.Methods: A retrospective study with cross sectional study design using secondary data obtained from the medical record was conducted among 50 patients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Pre and post hemodialysis serum albumin levels of CRF patients from the Medical Record Installation were collected during September 2017 â€“ 2018 period. Variables assessed in this study were gender, age, albumin levels, and the comparison of albumin levels based on gender. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 for Windows.Results: There were 52.0% male and 48.0% of female patients in this study. Most of the respondents were age 40-49 years old interval (30.0%). There was no significant difference in albumin levels between pre (3.07Â±0.63 g/dL) and post (3.05Â±0.54 g/dL) HD patients (p=0.665). Also, There was no significant difference in albumin levels in pre and post HD patients between male (p=0.434) and female (p=0.778).Conclusion: There were no significant differences between serum albumin levels pre and post hemodialysis in patients with CRF as well as based on gender.
Keloid aurikularis dekstra yang diterapi kombinasi eksisi intralesi dan injeksi kortikosteroid dengan anestesi tumesen: sebuah laporan kasus
Authors: Pratiwi Ida Ayu Intan , Wardhana Made
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Keloid is a skin lesion due to overproduction of collagen and fibroblasts. Has predilection on high tension skin and there are various modalities in handling them. The purpose of this case report is to provide a perspective of auricular keloids treated by a combination of intralesional excision and corticosteroid injection with tumescent anaesthesia.Case: A 28-year-old woman who has a history of small nodules on the right ear that is getting bigger and bigger. Dermatological status shows the right auricular helix region obtained nodules brown, solitary, oval shape, size 5x7 cm, firm boundaries, regular edges, smooth surface and shiny. In palpation hard and fixed fixation is found. Patients were treated with a combination of intralesional excision and corticosteroid injection with tumesent anaesthesia. Corticosteroid injection used was triamcinolone acetonide as much as 0.4 cc intra-lesion on the 3rd day. Control on the 7th day the patient was in good condition and did not appear to have any complications with the condition of the post-surgical wound being treated.Conclusion: Management of auricular keloids by intralesional excision and corticosteroid injection after three days post-surgery provides the satisfactory clinical outcome of keloids.Â Pendahuluan: Keloid merupakan suatu lesi kulit oleh karena produksi berlebihan dari kolagen dan fibroblast. Memiliki predileksi pada kuit yang memiliki tegangan tinggi dan terdapat berbagai modalitas dalam penanganannya. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah memberikan perspektif keloid aurikularis yang diterapi kombinasi eksisi intralesi dan injeksi kortikosteroid dengan anestesi tumesen.Kasus: Seorang perempuan berusia 28 tahun yang memiliki riwayat bintil kecil pada telinga kanan yang makin lama makin membesar. Status dermatologis menunjukkan regio helix aurikularis dekstra didapatkan nodul berwarna kecokelatan, soliter, bentuk oval, ukuran 5x7 cm, batas tegas, tepi regular, permukaan halus dan mengkilat. Pada palpasi didapatkan kosistensi keras dan terfiksir. Pasien di berikan tatalaksana kombinasi eksisi intralesi dan injeksi kortikosteroid dengan anestesi tumesen. Injeksi kortikosteroid yang digunakan adalah triamcinolone acetonid sebanyak 0,4 cc intra lesi pada hari ke-3. Kontrol pada hari ke-7 pasien dengan kondisi baik dan tidak tampak suatu komplikasi apapun dengan kondisi luka paska bedah yang terawatt.Simpulan: Penanganan keloid aurikularis dengan teknik eksisi intralesi dan injeksi kortikosteroid tiga hari paska bedah memberikan luaran klinis keloid yang memuaskan.
Retinoblastoma unilateral: sebuah laporan kasus pada pelayanan kesehatan sekunder dengan fasilitas terbatas
Authors: Taba Junetta Airene Priskila , Ernst Cliff
Published: November 2020

Background: Retinoblastoma is a primary malignant intraocular neoplasm derived from retinoblast beyond retinal development.Purpose: To report a case of Unilateral Retinoblastoma in secondary health care with limited facilities.Case report: We present a case of a 34-months old girl with unilateral retinoblastoma that transfer to the hospital with proptosis of the right eye, severe pain and drastic weight loss. Orbital exenteration was the treatment of choice due to poor prognosis of visual function and due to lack of facilities for further ancillary studies. After family members consented to right eye exenteration, then the ophthalmologist did the surgery. Later on, about one month post exenteration, histopatological report confirmed the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Based on the need for chemotherapy, patient was referred to a more complete health care facilities.Conclusion: Retinoblastoma should be considered as an intraocular tumors especially in children until proven otherwise. Specifically in areas with limited facilities, it is very important to be able to detect early signs of retinoblastoma and avoid the development of disease to worse stage (extraocular retinoblastoma).Â Latar Belakang: Retinoblastoma merupakan neoplasma intraokular maligna primer yang berasal dari sel retina imatur (retinoblas) dalam perkembangan retina.Tujuan: Untuk melaporkan kasus Retinoblastoma Unilateral dalam perawatan kesehatan sekunder dengan fasilitas terbatas.Laporan kasus: Kami menghadirkan kasus seorang gadis berusia 34 bulan dengan retinoblastoma unilateral yang diperiksakan ke rumah sakit dengan proptosis mata kanan, nyeri parah, dan penurunan berat badan yang drastis. Orbital exenteration adalah pengobatan pilihan karena prognosis buruk dari fungsi visual dan karena kurangnya fasilitas untuk studi tambahan lebih lanjut. Setelah anggota keluarga menyetujui pembedahan mata kanan, maka dokter mata melakukan operasi. Kemudian, sekitar satu bulan pasca eksenterasi, laporan histopatologis mengkonfirmasi diagnosis retinoblastoma. Berdasarkan kebutuhan untuk kemoterapi, pasien dirujuk ke fasilitas perawatan kesehatan yang lebih lengkap.Kesimpulan: Retinoblastoma harus dianggap sebagai tumor intraokular terutama pada anak-anak sampai terbukti sebaliknya. Khususnya di daerah dengan fasilitas terbatas, sangat penting untuk dapat mendeteksi tanda-tanda awal retinoblastoma dan menghindari perkembangan penyakit ke tahap yang lebih buruk (retinoblastoma ekstraokular).