bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des droits de Dieu aux droits de l’homme en droit musulman
Authors: Charnay Jean-Paul
Published: January 2020

L’article se propose de confronter les conceptions islamique et occidentale des droits de l’homme. En Islam, les droits de l’homme apparaissent rarement comme absolus. Traditionnellement, ils dépendent, de par leur fondement, de la révélation divine consignée dans le Coran ; dans leur exercice, ils doivent s’articuler avec les droits de Dieu. Du point de vue sociologique, ils sont donc fonction du maintien et de l’expansion de la communauté musulmane. La colonisation accentua, pour les pays islamiques, les contradictions inhérentes aux contenus et aux buts des droits de l’homme. Alors que la plupart des constitution des, pays islamiques ont intégré les principes occidentaux des droits de l’homme – chaque pays accentuant leur version socialiste ou libérale en fonction du régime socio-économique proclamé – n’en demeure pas moins vivace une légitimité islamique liée à des formes de différenciation, mais aussi de solidarité, plus traditionnelles.
Radio Frequency Identification Technology and Its Security Concerns in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: January 2020

The advent of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique, low-cost wireless sensor devices, and web-based technologies are ushering new ways to take control of the plethora of data created by the Internet of Things (IoT) approach has gained popularity in the modern manufacturing industry. This mechanism provides an opportunity of remotely storing and retrieving data from RFID-tags. Products labelled with such tags can be scanned efficiently using RFID-readers that do not require line-of-sight. This type of identification and access to information on tags are used by manufacturing business operations, can lead to improving logistics, and better customer service. However, the widespread use of RFID technology also introduces serious security and privacy risks since the information stored in tags can easily be retrieved by hidden RFID-readers, eventually leading to the violation of genuine business operation privacy. This chapter discusses the open research challenges of RFID applications in the manufacturing supply chain operations.
QFD-Based TOPSIS Methodology for Material Selection
Authors: Prasad K. G. Durga , Manasa B. L. , Murthy P. Krishna , Sravani K. D. S.
Published: January 2020

Material selection is one of the interdisciplinary activities involved in product design and development. It is an integral part of concept phase and configuration phase of mechanical design process. Therefore, a successful product design should take into consideration of material properties to meet the design requirements which reflect the expectations of the end users of a product. This chapter presents a user-centered material selection methodology which paves a path for reflecting user preferences into design requirements and then into material selection decision. In the proposed approach, weights of the material selection criteria are obtained through Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and then the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methodology is employed to achieve the optimum selection of material under a multi-attribute decision-making environment. An illustrative example is taken from the literature and presented in this chapter to demonstrate the proposed methodology.
Corrosion and Wear Behavior of Electroless Nickel Coatings
Authors: Das Suman Kalyan , Roy Supriyo , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes how corrosion is the degradation of a material due to a reaction with its environment. Wear is another deteriorating phenomenon which erodes the contacting surfaces of any mechanical component gradually. Although corrosion and wear are two different phenomenon they are often interdependent and in most practical situations take place simultaneously. Fortunately, several surface modification methods exist which can protect the surface of metal against corrosion and wear. Among them, electroless nickel coatings is a technology where a coating is applied without the use of external current source. The primary advantages of electroless coatings include uniform coating and ability to coat non-conductive materials. Electroless nickel coatings possess excellent properties such as high hardness, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The corrosion and wear behavior of these coatings mainly depend on bath ingredients, deposition conditions, heat treatment temperature, etc.
Modelling and Analysis of Functionally-Graded Cracked Beams Subjected to Static and Dynamic Loadings
Authors: Panigrahi B. , Pohit Goutam
Published: January 2020

In last few decades, continuous efforts have been put by the researchers on developing the field of structural systems considering the applicability and enhancing material properties of the structural elements. In this regard functionally graded materials (FGMs) have gained tremendous popularity and have been the active area of research interest for researchers in recent decades. In this chapter, a detailed method of analysis for FGM cracked beam subjected to static and dynamic loadings is presented. Method based on Timoshenko beam theory and Ritz method is successfully implemented to get the displacement and natural frequency of cracked beam subjected to static as well as dynamic loadings.
A Future Trend on Research Scope of Numerical Simulation on Conical Fluidized Bed
Authors: Das Hirakh Jyoti , Mahanta Pinakeswar , Saikia Rituraj
Published: January 2020

Fluidized bed technology is a well-established environment friendly technology, by which energy can be generated through combustion and gasification techniques. It is widely prevalent today owing to its excellent heat transfer, mixing characteristics and compactness. The design and scale-up of the fluidized beds are vital to the enhancement of heat transfer and mixing characteristics. However, heat transfer characteristics play a key role in determining the combustion and gasification characteristics. CFD is a technique which helps to optimize the design and operation of fluidized bed combustor and gasifiers. Enhancement of computing speed and numerical techniques has led to CFD being used as a widely implemented tool to provide a bridge between laboratory scale and industrial study. In this chapter, a comprehensive review of CFD modelling and experimental study on the conical fluidized bed has been carried out. Primarily this chapter demonstrates probable future accomplishments and identifies trends and regions where further research is required.
Organizational Factors and the Success of Technology Transfer
Authors: Islam Md Zahidul , Rahman Safayet
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the relationship between organizational culture, structure, complexity of technology, and the success of technology transfer. Technology is one of the key competitive advantages of any organization and plays an important role in the success of both international and domestic firms. Technology can be transferred within the boundaries of an organization, outside of organizational boundaries with strategic partners and also across national boundaries. As it transcends national borders, difficulties in transferring technology are likely to increase. To overcome the difficulties, certain organizational culture could play an important role in the efficient transfer of technology in an organization. Besides culture, organizational structure could also play a major role to achieve technology transfer success. Furthermore, the complexity of technology can also affect the success of technology transfer.
Analysis of Food Security Policy by Participatory Poverty Assessment (PPA) Effort
Authors: Rusliyadi Muhamad , Hj. Mohd. Jamil Azaharaini , Anshari Muhammad
Published: January 2020

This chapter evaluates food security policies and extension policies to the achievement of targets and the results of a development programme such as Food Self Sufficiency village (DMP) used Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPA). The output obtained is information that is an evaluation of how the policy was planned, initiated, and implemented. Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPA) monitoring and evaluation analyse the outcome and impact of the DMP Programme. The output of the PPA process from this chaper is the agricultural policy formulated in terms of practical ways of approaching poverty problems from a local perspective. The success of alternative policy options applied by local government such us Physical, Human Resources, Institution development at the grassroots level should be adopted at the national level. It should represent the best example of a case of successful programme implementation at the grassroots level which can then be used in formulating national policies and strategies.
Ethnicity and Household Savings in Indonesia
Authors: Ajija Shochrul Rohmatul , Abduh Muhamad , Wasiaturrahma Wasiaturrahma , Hudaifah Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Household saving is very important, not only for securing the future spending of the family but also for the country's economy. Using the logit analysis on data of The Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave three, four, and five, this chapter analyzes factors influencing, especially the role of ethnicity, upon the household savings in Indonesia. The result indicates that gender, location, and level of education are the consistent variables affecting the household saving behaviour in Indonesia across the three wave surveys. Meanwhile, as for the ethnic group variable, there are only Sunda, Batak, and Bima-Dompu that can significantly influence the people's saving behavior across the three wave surveys.
Strengthening Islamic Finance in South-East Asia Through Innovation of Islamic FinTech in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Raden Aji Haqqi Abdurrahman
Published: January 2020

Fintech solutions can revolutionize Islamic financial services and leverage on the so-called ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution' which is the movement towards combining everyday aspects of our lives, such as finance, into the digital realm that will help increase speed, efficiency, and convenience. The most significant challenge for all countries pursuing Fintech is regulating the industry. Following the issuance of the Financial Sector Blueprint, the Fintech Unit was established under Autoriti Monitori Brunei Darussalam (AMBD). AMBD envisions a vibrant economy powered by ICT through ICT-Smart Citizens as well as being a connected and efficient nation. This chapter discusses the application of Fintech specifically in Islamic finance sector based on the descriptive method of research by concentrating on its regulations. At the end, the research found that though Fintech in Islamic finance sector has been done since it's emerging through Guidelines Fintech Regulatory Sandbox Guidelines Islamic financial Fintech will be strengthened and developed and more diversified.
Post-Crisis Interdependence Between Islamic Unit Trust Funds and Islamic Stock Market in Malaysia
Authors: Abduh Muhamad , Ramli Ruzanna
Published: January 2020

This chapter evaluates short- and long-term relationships between 34 Islamic unit trusts and the Islamic stock market after the global financial crisis. The study collects data from Bloomberg's database from 2009 until 2012 and employs J-J cointegration to identify the long-term relationship while Granger causality test is used to investigate how the changes in Islamic stock market can influence the changes in Islamic unit trusts in the short term. The finding indicates that 61.76 percent out of the 34 Islamic unit trusts tested do not have long-term equilibrium with the Islamic stock market. Furthermore, only a few Islamic trusts responded to the changes in the Islamic stock market. This study is important for at least two reasons: its role in filling the gap in the literature of unit trust—stock markets nexus in Islamic finance; and its findings provide relevant information that can benefit investors and fund managers.
Fostering Innovation and Value Creation Through Ecosystems
Authors: Spremić Mario , Ivancic Lucija , Bosilj Vukšić Vesna
Published: January 2020

Ecosystems are gaining ever-increasing importance in digital business environments. New digital business models implemented using digital platforms heavily rely on ecosystem network. Thus, it is worthwhile investigating what role ecosystems play in the process of the digital transformation of companies. This chapter provides a theoretical background of the ecosystem research concerning digital trends, such as digital transformation, digital platforms, and digital service innovation. To deeper understand how ecosystem postulates are applied in companies, case study findings from two companies operating in the service and manufacturing sector are presented. Moreover, the ecosystem role is observed in selected companies both in the process of innovation generation (value creation), as well as in the implemented digital business model (value capture).
Digitally Empowered Workers and Authentic Leaders
Authors: Crawford Joseph , Butler-Henderson Kerryn
Published: January 2020

The digital era has catalyzed the contemporary workforce and workplace. Employees are now required to develop skills that may be outdated in a matter of years, and be consciously aware that their society is evolving rapidly. This Chapter conceptualizes the characteristics of a digitally empowered worker to encompass awareness, creativity, agility, and a positive learning orientation. In doing so, the authors consider the way in which an authentic leader and authentic follower may influence the development of the digitally empowered. Authors present a model and its impact on digital innovation and digital productivity.
Digital Entrepreneurship for Immigrants
Authors: Duan Carson , Kotey Bernice , Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the concept of digital entrepreneurship for immigrants (DEI) through the lens of entrepreneurship research theories and practices. The authors argue that the current focus of digital entrepreneurship (DE) research has centered on successful digital entrepreneurs with proactive innovation strategies and high-performance outcomes, largely being well-known brands. On the other hand, immigrants who are engaging in digital entrepreneurship have been neglected in current related literature. This chapter presents a conceptual framework for combined immigrant and digital entrepreneurship study. The authors propose future research themes for DEI drawing from the results and implications of two Chinese immigrant digital entrepreneurs in NZ and Alibaba e-commerce platforms in China.
Education and Training for Digital Health
Authors: Edirippulige Sisira , Senanayake Buddhika
Published: January 2020

Digital health is fast becoming an integral part of healthcare services. Research evidence suggests that digital health can benefit stakeholders involved in healthcare, including patients and care providers. As digital health continues to integrate into routine healthcare, practitioners may require new knowledge, skills, and competencies to make the best use of it and to be able to communicate with an increasingly digitally-enabled consumer. Much effort has been made to systematic education and training relating to digital health, an important aspect in developing the digital health workforce.
Digital Government Competences for Digital Public Administration Transformation
Authors: Bouaziz Fatma
Published: January 2020

The development of digital government leads to the digital transformation of public administration. This requires a mix of competences to design, implement, and manage digital government endeavors and the resulting transformations and to use new digital tools. However, researchers agree that digital government competences are under-studied. Moreover, the rare existing studies focus on singular aspects of digital government competences such as technical skills. Thus, this chapter proposes a synthesis of the extant literature about the digital government competences and how they are approached by researchers. The supply-side perspective and the demand-side perspective are proposed to organize the extant literature. Competences are categorized according to each perspective. An empirical investigation is needed to determine the most important competences and to propose the necessary training programs for the lacking ones.
The Development of a Doctoral Program CoP and Its Members
Authors: Olszewski Carol A. , Znamenak Kyle A. , Paoletta Toni M. , Hansman Catherine A. , Selker Matthew L. , Coffman Karie A. , Pontikos Keli B.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research study was to explore how a multigenerational community of practice (CoP) at a public urban university may provide doctoral students the space and the support needed to explore and develop their professional identities and find their scholarly voices. The second aim of this study was to examine how the entity of the CoP itself evolved over time. Social learning theory and generational theory provided the framework to interpret the data. Through analysis of collective autoethnographic journals, three primary themes emerged:1) psychological safety and trust; 2) diverse expectations became shared interests; and 3) the unique and shared experiences of the CoP members.
Time to Re-Conceptualize the Role of Secondary Schools in New Zealand
Authors: Reinsfield Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

Technology education in New Zealand has evolved from a subject with technical beginnings, to be a learning area with the potential to develop the types of knowledge and capabilities that students are likely to need in a technologically mediated future. The recent review of the technology education curriculum, and proposed changes for our schooling assessment framework, presents opportunities for teachers to develop or embed their curriculum practices. This article reports on findings from an interpretivist, qualitative study, which considered secondary technology education teachers' perceptions and practice. The findings suggest that participants viewed their subject as a means to predominately develop student skills and specialist content knowledge, and practice was impacted by teacher ability to make meaning of curriculum intent. There is an urgent need to challenge some established teachers' views and teaching practices, which negate or marginalise curriculum policy and intent. Recommendations are made to support the alignment of technical and technological ways of thinking and practice, for those teachers who are motivated by the curriculum, which aims to develop student technological literacy.
Population Based Techniques for Solving the Student Project Allocation Problem
Authors: Kenekayoro Patrick , Mebine Promise , Zipamone Bodouowei Godswill
Published: January 2020

The student project allocation problem is a well-known constraint satisfaction problem that involves assigning students to projects or supervisors based on a number of criteria. This study investigates the use of population-based strategies inspired from physical phenomena (gravitational search algorithm), evolutionary strategies (genetic algorithm), and swarm intelligence (ant colony optimization) to solve the Student Project Allocation problem for a case study from a real university. A population of solutions to the Student Project Allocation problem is represented as lists of integers, and the individuals in the population share information through population-based heuristics to find more optimal solutions. All three techniques produced satisfactory results and the adapted gravitational search algorithm for discrete variables will be useful for other constraint satisfaction problems. However, the ant colony optimization algorithm outperformed the genetic and gravitational search algorithms for finding optimal solutions to the student project allocation problem in this study.
All the Class Is a Stage
Authors: Ashok Abhilash , Priya Asha
Published: January 2020

The present article investigates the influence of teaching English language using theatrical tools. The theater technique explained in the article is tableau to teach the English language through literature. This article also explains the use of theater in English Language classrooms to create conducive atmosphere for learning and make the classes more engaging and interesting. The application of this tool requires no special preparation except the genuine interest of the teacher to think out of the box.
An Exploration of Multilingualism and Zimbabwean Language Policy as an Impact to Child's Holistic Development
Authors: Jongore Magret
Published: January 2020

The language policy of Zimbabwe observes all 16 languages as official. However, it is a contradiction of what the Zimbabwean market dictates. The job market dictates that the English language should be passed to either access the higher institution of learning, the higher secondary education and the job market. The move by the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education to promote the learning of science, technology, mathematics and engineering (STEM) as paradigm shift is also elevating the English language as the only language to explicate reality in science and the business fraternity. The learning of indigenous languages currently is of no benefit to an individual yet language competence in the second language is guaranteed by a proper bilingualism initiation at the proper linguistic level of the child. This article analyses English language performance at “0” and the University level to uncover if multilingualism is a resource or problem in Zimbabwe. The study observes both the “0” level and first year university student competence through essay writing.
Montessori Language Arts – The Excellence Path to Early Childhood Language Development
Authors: Julia Selva Sundari S.
Published: January 2020

This article offers a quick read on Montessori pedagogy. It is to help formulate a successful method and practical learning. English language teaching (ELT) has numerous methods. They are rich in knowledge and theory but, practically not all methods come handy for successfully learning a new language. The success of learning a language is in its effective communication. Here, the term communication does not correspond to the skill element but to the effective and precise delivery of the conceived idea. Language cannot be learned as we learn math, science, and technology, it has to be experienced and acquired. We do not need a goal but an active process. As Einstein to science so is Maria Montessori to language arts. Her method has been appreciated but has carried limited relevance in the world of language arts — many associate the Montessori method to play way method. A deep understanding of the Montessori method of language teaching offers innumerable opportunities to construct a successful working model to teach second language learners.
Measuring Consumer Brand Perception for Green Apparel Brands
Authors: Dixit Jasmine S. , Alavi Shirin , Ahuja Vandana
Published: January 2020

This research article examines how green consumers form perceptions about green brands by creating a frame of reference for such consumers in the apparel category. A research instrument was developed to measure consumer brand perception towards green apparel brands and a survey was conducted on 317 fashion students at undergraduate and post-graduate levels. These students were consumers of green apparels. Factor analysis was used to identify factors that contribute towards green consumer perception and these factors were further grouped into cognitive, affective and behavioral components. This study will enable managers to make a more informed decision in policy formulation in order to improve consumer brand perception towards green apparel brands.
Utilizing MAR for Remedial Teaching of Compound-Cube-Surface Area at Elementary School in Taiwan
Authors: Sun Koun Tem , Chen Meng Hsun
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the development of the MAR (mobile augmented reality) remedial teaching program is described. It allowed students to manipulate augmented objects through AURASMA app via internet and find leads to solve geometry problems regarding compound-cube-surface area. In order to foster students' spatial abilities, the program provided specific functions included partition, complementation, recombination, and multi-perspective to promote their “mental image” as well as “visualization.” The proposed program was evaluated with the quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design to probe into students' learning performance. Moreover, students' error types of problem-solving were analyzed using their solving track recorded in the sheets. The results showed that the MAR remedial teaching program truly benefit students on solving geometry problems regarding compound-cube-surface area, and there are still some questions needed to investigate in the future, such as how students were affected by visual-obscuration to inexactly carry out their counts.
Students' Difficulties in Identifying the Use of Ternary Relationships in Data Modeling
Authors: Rashkovits Rami , Lavy Ilana
Published: January 2020

The present study examines the difficulties novice data modelers face when asked to provide a data model addressing a given problem. In order to map these difficulties and their causes, two short data modeling problems were given to 82 students who had completed an introductory course in database modeling. Both problems involve three entity sets with relationships between them, either ternary or binary. The students' solutions were classified according to the types of errors they committed. More than half of the students provided faulty solutions. After an analysis of these results, open interviews were conducted with a selected group of students in order to figure out the reasons underlying the students' erroneous decisions regarding the data model. Among the reasons for their erroneous solutions were insufficient experience, lack of reflection on their solution, and lack of immediate feedback. In addition, the authors suggest instructional modifications derived from the research results.
Multiresolution Wavelet Transform Based Anisotropic Diffusion for Removing Speckle Noise in a Real-Time Vision-Based Database
Authors: Mahajan Rohini , Padha Devanand
Published: January 2020

In this research article, a novel algorithm is introduced to identify the noisy pixels in video frames and correct them to enhance video quality. The technique consists of three stages: fragmentation of the video sequences to respective 2D frames, noisy pixel identification in the 2D frames, and denoising the pixels to obtain original pixels. Due to the complexity in the background and the change in appearance of the body in motion, noise variation occurs. Various researchers discuss that in order to denoise the video sequences, spatio-temporal filtering is required which identifies noise and preserves the edges. In the first stage, the video sequences are analyzed for the removal of redundant frames. This is done by using the video fragmentation process in the MATLAB toolbox. In the next stage, color smoothing is applied to the target frames for processing the flat regions and identifying all the noisy pixels. In the final stage, an improvised multiresolution wavelet transform based anisotropic diffusion filtering is applied which enhances the denoising process in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal sub bands of the video frame signal. The proposed technique can remove the speckle noise and estimate the motion by preserving the minute details of the processed video frames.
Use of Social Media for Women Entrepreneurship (With Special Reference to Bhopal)
Authors: Rai Neel , Sijariya Rajeev
Published: January 2020

This article describes the role of social media in the empowerment of women entrepreneurs. Through survey analysis, the researcher will explore the role social media plays for women in business in India. This research has studied the utility of social media for women entrepreneurs. This is done by using a grounded theory approach to data analysis. The findings show that social media has had an overall positive impact on the lives of women entrepreneurs.
Fulfilling the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Mekonnen Getachew Alebachew
Published: January 2020

Iddirs are traditional community-based organizations (CBOs) primarily established to facilitate burial ceremonies and comforting the bereaved. This study emphasized the additional roles and functions of Iddirs on supporting vulnerable groups of the community. The research has employed a qualitative research method, and it employs in-depth interviews, FGD and document analysis as data gathering instruments. Participants of the study were beneficiaries of Iddir (orphans and their caregivers), Iddir members and Iddir committees. The findings of this study showed that Iddir has significant contribution to improve the life of orphans and their caregivers. The types of care and support provided by Iddir include financial, material, medical, emotional, and psychosocial support. The study also shows that orphans in the area are vulnerable to a range of problems: food insecurity, lack of clothes and footwear, inadequate access to school and school materials, poor health, and physical and sexual abuse, in terms of their severity.
Innovation in a Context of Declining Returns to R&D
Authors: Callaghan Chris William
Published: January 2020

Innovation theory has arguably driven the innovations that have contributed to human development over time. According to discussions related to the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution,' interactions of novel technologies herald an age of unequalled productivity and human progress. Evidence however suggests that returns to innovation (narrowly defined here as investments in R&D), are in fact continuing to decline. Given this paradox, the objective of this conceptual paper is to present an argument drawn from theory that it is only a matter of time until declining returns to innovation reverse themselves and a new form of R&D problem solving becomes more widely utilised. If the propositions offered here are borne out by future research, then an important reconceptualization of the nature of the innovation process might be useful, one that questions Cohen and Levinthal's notion of absorptive capacity and path dependency as the primary mode of innovation problem solving.
A Quantitative Approach to Measure Webpage Aesthetics
Authors: Maity Ranjan , Bhattacharya Samit
Published: January 2020

Aesthetics measurement is important in determining and improving the usability of a webpage. Wireframe models, the collection of the rectangular objects, can approximate the size and positions of the different webpage elements. The positional geometry of these objects is primarily responsible for determining aesthetics as shown in studies. In this work, the authors propose a computational model for predicting webpage aesthetics based on the positional geometry features. In this study, the authors found that ten out of the thirteen reported features are statistically significant for webpage aesthetics. Using these ten features, the authors developed a computational model for webpage aesthetics prediction. The model works on the basis of support vector regression. The authors rated the wireframe models of 209 webpages by 150 participants. The average users' ratings and the ten significant features' values were used to train and test the aesthetics prediction model. Five-fold cross-validation technique shows the model can predict aesthetics with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of only 0.42.
Student nurses’ experiences regarding their clinical learning opportunities in a public academic hospital in Gauteng province, South Africa
Authors: Motsaanaka Mpho N. , Makhene Agnes , Ally Hafisa
Published: January 2020

Background: During the training of student nurses, clinical placement is a compulsory requirement, as it exposes them to learning opportunities for the acquisition of clinical skills. This prepares them to become safe and competent professional nurses. However, the increased intake of student nurses in the Gauteng nursing colleges led to overcrowding in a public academic hospital, thus negatively influencing their learning experiences and availability of clinical learning opportunities.Aim: The purpose was to explore and describe the student nurses’ experiences regarding their clinical learning opportunities to make recommendations to enhance their clinical learning opportunities in order to address the optimisation of their learning experiences.Methodology: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used. A purposive sampling method was used to select second-year student nurses registered in the Regulation (R425) programme for qualifying as a nurse (general, psychiatry and community) and midwife, as they would have acquired at least 1 year of clinical experience. Four focus groups, which comprised six to eight participants, were constituted, and research was conducted until data were saturated. Field notes were simultaneously taken to enrich the data collected. Thematic coding of qualitative data was used. Principles of trustworthiness and ethical principles were adhered to.Results: The study revealed four themes. Three were negative experiences that included overcrowding, negative emotional experiences of student nurses and challenges of professional nurses. A theme concerning positive experience entailed knowledge-sharing amongst various health care disciplines.Conclusion: It was evident that student nurses had more negative emotional experiences than positive experiences. Therefore, the need to enhance their clinical learning opportunities in order to address the optimisation of learning experiences is eminent.
In Memoriam: Mr V.G. Lerm
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Lubrication and wear of joints
Authors: Wright V.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Amputee rehabilitation: A question of time
Authors: Kegel Bernice
Published: January 2020

A survey of 127 patients seen at the University of Chicago over the past three years is presented in an attempt to discover and break down the length of time involved in amputee rehabilitation as well as the results achieved.
Coughing
Authors: Runnalls M. J.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Editorial
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
The changing face of burns
Authors: Van Der Spuy J. W.
Published: January 2020

‘n Oorsig van nuwe verwikkelinge in die behandeling van brandwonde word gegee. Gespesialiseerde eenhede waar aseptiese behandeling in isolasie moontlik is en beter insig in die ontwrigte fisiologie as gevolg van brandwond-trauma ls verantwoordelik vir die verbeterde pronose vir brandwond-pasiente. Effektiewe vloeistofterapie gedurende die skokfase; die instelling van hiperalimentasie; hernude belangstelling in die lokale letsel; verbeterde verloorplantingstegniek; probleme ondervind in gevalle met brandwonde as gevolg van elektrisiteit; die belangrikheid van die gepaardgaande respiratoriese skade en die gebruik van eskarotomie word kortliks bespreek. Die belang van goeie eerstehulp behandeling word beklemtoon.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid Treatment on Seed Germination of Kantakari (Solanum virginianum L.)
Authors: Nirawane Rekha B , Gurav Arun M , Murthy Soma N , Goli Penchala P , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: January 2020

Aim:

Solanum virginianum L., an important medicinal plant used in Dashmoolarishtha, belongs to the Laghoopanchamoola group. It is also used in various Ayurvedic formulations. It is reported as rare and endangered species in some parts of India. To fulfil the raw drug demand of the market, it is necessary to increase its production on a large scale.

Materials and methods:

Mature plants were collected, identified, authenticated and herbarium specimens preserved in herbarium section of the institute. Mature seeds were subjected to various treatments like hot water, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3).

Result:

Data obtained from the experiments indicated that the pre-sowing treatment with GA3 was effective in breaking seed dormancy as compared to the treatments with hot water and conc. sulfuric acid.

Conclusion:

Seed germination of S. virginianum L. could be achieved irrespective of the season by treating seeds with GA3.
Comparison of Walleye Egg Survival Following Fertilization at Differing Egg Depths
Authors: Ward Matthew J. , Blackwell Brian G.
Published: January 2020

Extruded egg depth during artificial fertilization of walleye Sander vitreus is known to affect egg fertility and has been suspected of contributing to the observed low percent hatch of eggs in South Dakota. Our objective of this study was to determine if walleye egg survival through hatching could be improved by reducing the egg depth in standard pans during fertilization. Survival of walleye eggs extruded to the currently-used depth of 19 mm was compared to a reduced depth of 7 mm in standard pans and fertilized with equal amounts (9 ml) of extended semen. Eggs were collected and fertilized during 3 days of each spawning season in 2017 and 2018. Egg survival through hatching was significantly (P<0.01) greater at the 7 mm depth during 4 of 6 days; there was no difference in egg survival between egg depths during the other 2 days, both occurred in 2017. Our results indicate that reduced egg depth during fertilization will enhance egg survival. The improved survival at the 7-mm depth likely was due to increased fertility resulting from an increased ratio of semen to egg. Although egg survival was higher at the 7-mm depth versus the 19-mm depth, the survival (13 – 59%) from each egg taking day was lower than commonly reported (>65%) in other states. The lower egg survival South Dakota has experienced suggest that factors other than egg depth may also be hindering fertilization and should be investigated.
Accelerating the Social Media Process: The Impact of Internet Celebrity Word-of-Mouth Communication and Relationship Quality on Consumer Information Sharing
Authors: Liu Liping , Fang Chih-Cheng
Published: January 2020

With the rapid development of "Internet plus", the number of Internet users in China has increased rapidly, and the number of active users of social media software ranks first in the world. Large Numbers of network users are also potential consumer groups. Social media influences other consumers through consumer interaction and social interaction, and consumers are transformed into active information acquisition rather than passive information reception. Word of mouth marketing on social media has become one of the hottest research fields. Based on the information adoption model, this study explores the impact of internet celebrity word-of-mouth communication on consumer information sharing from four dimensions: internet celebrity word-of-mouth communication, relationship quality, face consciousness, and consumer information sharing and establishes a research model to provide references and suggestions for subsequent researchers and enterprise management.
Impact of Non-Governmental Organisation in Poverty Alleviation-A Case of Zabzugu Tatale in the North of Ghana
Authors: Saddiqque Abubakar , Chen Yinghua , Plahar Robert Teye
Published: January 2020

Ever since Ghana had its independence in 1957, its economy has seen steady economic growth, rapid expansion of small-scale agriculture and impressive development of a variety of social services. Fine, B., and Rose,P. (2001) That notwithstanding it needs to be said that there is a wide income disparities and wealth distribution resulting in extensive poverty and general malnutrition in mostly the rural communities. Following independence from the British, there has been a wide spread of NGO activity like wildfire. Chowdhury, A.F. and Rose, P. (2014).Many NGO's were already present in the country, as well as steady growth of both nationwide and more locally- based indigenous NGO's. Around the early 1980's there was a change from welfare to a more development-oriented form of NGO intervention in the country which centered around groups and usually aimed directly or indirectly at alleviating the local people from the poor state in which they found themselves. Massive awareness creation formed a major composition of an increasing number of NGO intervention .With all this developments little is still known about the overall impact NGO have on the topic of poverty and also very few details of certain projects have been made known to the public as most of the NGO's are not accountable to any major body as in the case of certain big multinational corporation that are answerable to their shareholders. Jones, P. (2011).  The major part of this Working Paper reports on the evaluation of four rural NGO interventions aimed, broadly, at poverty-alleviation, and undertaken during 1990. This case study throws more light on the fact that with all these interventions that were brought as a way of changing the life of people, there is still room for improvement even till this day in the 21st century dispensation. It needs to be noted that just recently the Zabzugu-tatale district was a beneficiary of such alleviation programs formed by the UNICEF which was themed integrated community development fund.  Zabzugu-tatale is a district in the north region of Ghana and for the purpose of this academic research it has been chosen and findings would better help us understand the impact NGO's actually have in these communities. Hossain, N., Subrahmanian, R., and Kabeer, N. (2012).
Sudan and the Petrie Museum: Histories of Display, Scholarship and Engagement
Authors: Garnett Anna
Published: January 2020

Of the 80,600 objects in UCL’s Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, around 4000 are from Sudan.1 Flinders Petrie himself did not travel south of Aswan, and these items were acquired through different channels after his death. While many of these are on display in the Museum galleries—albeit tucked amongst the greater proportion of archaeological material from Egypt—much of the Sudanese collection remains in storage due to historic limitations of space. This paper presents an overview of the history of this collection, how it has inspired creative engagement projects targeting diverse museum audiences, and thoughts on future work.
Studying at UCL Institute of Archaeology: Past and
Present
Authors: Frearson Charlotte , French Jennifer C.
Published: January 2020

Ranked in the top five in the UK for archaeology (no. 2 in 2019), for the
13th year in a row, in The Guardian University
Guide League Tables.

Ranked in the top ten for student satisfaction in The Complete University
Guide 2019 League Table of UK archaeology departments (published in
May 2019).

Twitter: @UCLarchaeology

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UCLArchaeology

Instagram: uclarchaeology
A Selection of News from the Institute
Authors: French Jennifer
Published: January 2020

Details of news and events can be found throughout the year on the
Institute’s website at https://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/news-and-events.
Revisiting the Explicit Learning of Vocabulary of Chinese EFL Learners
Authors: Wang Chen , Yang Jingjing
Published: January 2020

This study intends to find out how the retention of new vocabulary items could be affected by the item type (collocations versus single words), association strength between collocates and the collocate-node relationship. 101 Chinese EFL learners encountered the new items in paired-associate format. Participants were assigned to three groups: learning two types of collocations with high association strength, learning two types of collocations with low association strength, and learning new items in single words. The results show that learning new items in collocations yielded better retention of receptive and productive knowledge of meaning than in single words. Collocations with greater association strength also led to better retention of meaning. Different item types and associate strength has little effect on the retention of form.
O crescimento do Ensino Superior no Portugal democrático: evolução da pós-graduação e da produção científica
Authors: Cerdeira Luísa , Cabrito Belmiro Gil , Mucharreira Pedro Ribeiro
Published: January 2020

De entre as inúmeras alterações que Portugal conheceu decorrentes da Revolução de Abril, as educativas foram avassaladoras. Desde 1974 assistiu-se a mudanças significativas em todo o edifício educativo, nomeadamente o estabelecimento de uma escolaridade obrigatória e um ensino básico e secundário unificado, a explosão da procura de educação, a criação do ensino superior politécnico, a privatização do ensino superior, a promoção da investigação científica, a ratificação da Declaração de Bolonha ou novas leis de financiamento e de governo e autonomia das instituições públicas de ensino superior. No quadro do ensino superior, a adoção da Declaração de Bolonha obrigou a grandes alterações do enquadramento jurídico da estrutura da formação superior dos países que a ratificaram e, no caso português, concretizou-se num enorme crescimento da pós-graduação e do número de diplomados. Neste artigo, os autores sustentam a sua análise com recurso às estatísticas oficiais de Portugal e de organismos internacionais, analisando a expansão da pós-graduação e da investigação, particularmente no quadro pós-Bolonha. Apresenta-se, ainda, o caminho percorrido pelo sistema científico português e contextualiza-se a situação portuguesa no quadro internacional. Terminar-se-á o artigo com algumas reflexões que poderão ajudar a formular políticas públicas conducentes à melhoria do estado do ensino superior público em Portugal, mormente no financiamento da pós-graduação e da produção científica.
Avaliação, regulação e qualidade na educação superior: os desafios da gestão acadêmica
Authors: Haas Celia Maria , Aparício Ana Sílvia Moço
Published: January 2020

Este texto aborda possíveis implicações, na gestão acadêmica de doze universidades da Grande São Paulo/SP – de um total de dezoito –, dos resultados produzidos pelo Sinaes, em seus processos de avaliação da educação superior, e decorre da pesquisa intitulada “A avaliação da educação superior no Brasil: sistema adotado pelo governo federal e uso dos seus resultados na gestão institucional”. A pesquisa buscou conhecer os efeitos e iniciativas que o Sinaes vem induzindo na gestão acadêmica das instituições de educação superior na ótica dos dirigentes universitários, com o objetivo de analisar as implicações da consolidação do sistema de avaliação da educação superior no Brasil, visando explicitar o uso dos resultados das avaliações institucionais – interna e externa – identificando iniciativas de gestão praticadas nas universidades públicas e privadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos podem ser inscritos na avaliação de política com foco na análise da utilização de seus resultados. Participaram da pesquisa 12 Universidades, destas, cinco privadas, 4 públicas e 3 confessionais. Os gestores reconhecem que o Sinaes impacta na gestão acadêmica, sendo que, nas instituições privadas, busca-se o atendimento às exigências legais, nas públicas, há um esforço para incorporar os processos de avaliação na dinâmica institucional e as confessionais pontuam a falta de consideração pelos projetos pedagógicos específicos que desenvolvem.