bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Awareness of Building Information Modeling (BIM) among AEC Professionals in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Moti , Subedi Shaphal , Giri Om Prakash , Alagirisamy Mukil
Published: December 2024

The advent of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has led to a revolutionary transformation in the construction sector on a global scale. The implementation of BIM has resulted in a multitude of benefits, including enhanced project outcomes, cost savings, and improved collaboration. However, in Nepal, the adoption of BIM in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry presents a distinctive set of challenges and opportunities. A survey of architects and engineers in both construction and academia indicates a moderate level of awareness of BIM, with 59% of respondents reporting familiarity with the technology. Of these, 69% employ BIM primarily during the design phase, thereby underscoring its utility in project planning. Nevertheless, practical applications remain constrained, as a considerable proportion of users have less than two years of experience with BIM. Despite its potential, 41% of professionals remain unaware of BIM, indicating a significant knowledge gap. This suggests the need for increased education and training to fully leverage BIM's benefits. While the current focus is on design, broader integration across all project stages is essential to maximize its impact. Expanding awareness and developing skills in BIM will be key to advancing its implementation in Nepal's AEC sector, driving efficiency and innovation in construction practices.
An Artificial Neural Network Prediction Model of GFRP Residual Tensile Strength
Authors: Ali Muataz I. , Allawi Abbas A.
Published: December 2024

This study uses an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to examine the constitutive relationships of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) residual tensile strength at elevated temperatures. The objective is to develop an effective model and establish fire performance criteria for concrete structures in fire scenarios. Multilayer networks that employ reactive error distribution approaches can determine the residual tensile strength of GFRP using six input parameters, in contrast to previous mathematical models that utilized one or two inputs while disregarding the others. Multilayered networks employing reactive error distribution technology assign weights to each variable influencing the residual tensile strength of GFRP. Temperature exerted the most significant influence at 100%, while sample dimensions had a minimal impact at 17.9%. In addition, the mathematical model closest to the proposed was the Bazli model, because the latter depends on two variables (thickness and temperature). The ANN accurately predicted the residual tensile strength of GFRP at elevated temperatures, achieving a correlation coefficient of 97.3% and a determination coefficient of 94.3%.
Application of the Multi-Criteria Decision Method to Find the Best Input Factors for Electrical Discharge Machining 90CrSi Tool Steel using Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Le Thi Phuong Thao , Dinh Van Thanh , Nguyen Thi Quoc Dung , Vu Duc Binh , Vu Trung Tuyen
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the optimization of the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process when machining cylindrical parts of 90CrSi tool steel using various graphite electrodes. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach, including the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC) was utilized to identify the optimal input factors that would achieve three machining objectives: minimizing Surface Roughness (SR) and Electrode Wear Rate (EWR) and maximizing Material Removal Rate (MRR). Criteria weights were calculated using the Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC). Additionally, three types of graphite electrodes (HK0, HK15, and HK20) and five process factors, such as Servo Voltage (SV), Input Current (IP), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), and Types of Graphite (TOG) were tested with experiments structured using a Taguchi L18 design and Minitab R19 software. The results indicate that the optimal EDM input parameters are as follows: IP = 9.5 A, SV = 5 V, Ton = 8 µs, Toff = 8 µs, with the HK20 electrode balancing SR, EWR and MRR for enhanced machining performance.
AI-Driven Energy Efficiency Optimizations in mHealth Applications: A Comprehensive Review on User Behavior Prediction and System Performance
Authors: Almasri Abdullah , Shaheen Sara
Published: December 2024

Recently, mHealth applications have gained immense popularity, revolutionizing healthcare management for chronic diseases and fitness tracking. However, continuous data processing and transmission increase the strain on battery life. This study examines AI and machine learning-based techniques to reduce energy consumption in mHealth applications without compromising functionality. Adaptive sampling, task scheduling, and predictive user behavior modeling were implemented, significantly reducing power consumption and extending battery life. Challenges such as data privacy and model generalization in deploying these AI technologies are also addressed, along with future research and broader adoption.
Reinforced Concrete Columns with Treated Recycled Concrete Aggregate: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Badri Hussam N. , Mohammed Hasan J.
Published: December 2024

Six Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns composed of Treated Recycled Concrete Aggregate (TRCA) and Natural Aggregate (NA) were subjected to experimental and theoretical analyses to ascertain their axial compressive behavior. The method of soaking recyclable aggregate in a NAOH solution was then employed to treat it. The TRCA was subjected to replacement ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% relative to the total weight of NA. The dimensions of the column were 700 mm, 150 mm, and 150 mm, respectively. The column was reinforced with steel of varying diameters. The transverse reinforcement was 6 mm in diameter, whereas the longitudinal reinforcement was 8 mm in diameter. To examine the axial compressive behavior of the columns, the final load values obtained from the static tests were revealed. The measured axial capacity of the columns was then compared with the theoretical values derived from the ACI codes. The incorporation of TRCA contents was observed to enhance the columns' axial capacity, as evidenced by the experimental results. However, the computed theoretical values were found to be more conservative than the experimental observations. This suggests that there is no risk involved in using TRCA and NA-TRCA columns in construction.
Evaluation of Disaster Risk and Mitigation Strategies for Post-Disaster Permanent Housing in the Palu Koro Fault Area
Authors: Asnudin Andi , Ali Amar Akbar , Muhtar Tutang
Published: December 2024

The Palu Koro Fault in Sulawesi, Indonesia, an area with very high seismic activity, with a historical record of large earthquakes, including the devastating event on September 28, 2018. This earthquake, accompanied by a tsunami and liquefaction, caused significant damage to infrastructure and residential areas in Palu City, Donggala Regency, and Sigi Regency. A future similar event needs to be studied based on technical aspects related to disaster vulnerability criteria. The SNI 03-1733 (2004) establishes the disaster risk criteria in residential areas, such as landslides, floods, and earthquakes. BNPB has also created a disaster-prone map in Indonesia. However, studies on safe housing emerging from various disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, liquefaction, and other risks, specifically being in the path of planes or near high voltage currents, are still limited. This research aims to assess disaster risk in post-disaster permanent residential relocation using the AS/NZS ISO 31000 risk management framework, which includes vulnerability conditions, evaluation of technical aspects, disaster risk analysis, and development of recommendations, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were analyzed using a scale-based method, with descriptive statistics to calculate frequency, averages, and percentage of the risk categories at each location. Qualitative analysis produces narratives regarding the impact of risks on community safety and residential infrastructure. The current study results show that high-risk factors, including earthquakes, floods, and landslides, require immediate mitigation. Additionally, immediate action should be taken for risks categorized as unacceptable, involving building strengthening, drainage system improvement, and soil stabilization, to reduce the risk of liquefaction. Concerning moderate risks, which belong to the undesirable category, they also require further treatment to minimize the impact of future disasters. The current study also emphasizes the importance of community survivors' participation in the relocation and disaster preparation process. This underlines the need for an integrated approach to disaster risk management to strengthen the resilience of communities and infrastructure in disaster-prone areas.
Flexural Behavior of Zero Coarse Aggregate Concrete Beams reinforced with Glass Fibers: An Experimental Comparative Study
Authors: Klak Fadya S. , Abdulkareem Bashar F.
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, engineers have focused on finding solutions to reduce the weight of concrete structures. Undoubtedly, the coarse aggregate weight in concrete is important. This study examined the flexural behavior of zero coarse aggregate concrete with Glass Fiber (GF) added to the steel reinforcement. Also, normal-weight fine aggregate was substituted with autoclaved aerated concrete (Thermostone) by 50% and 75% by weight. The process involved comparison of the test results of two groups. The first group comprised normal reinforcement Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC), while the second group comprised fiber-reinforced LWAC and a specimen of Lightweight (LW) mortar. Fiber addition boosts energy absorption and slows down the rapid development of crack formation. GFs by 1.5% of concrete weight were added. The results revealed a decrease in the failure load of beams reinforced with GF compared to those reinforced with steel bars. The decrease amounted to 54%, 50%, and 59% for aggregate replacement percentages of 0%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. Replacing steel reinforcement with GF reduced the ultimate load by almost half. All beams with steel reinforcement experienced flexural failure, while the beams with GF reinforcement underwent shear failure.
Long-Term Settlement Prediction for Over- Consolidated Soft Clay under Low Embankment
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Thang
Published: December 2024

The long-term post-construction settlement of an embankment laid on a deep, soft soil foundation can give rise to a series of safety concerns and significant structural damage. The settlement is primarily attributed to the creep deformation of the soft soil following the removal of the surcharge load and the impact of traffic loads on the soft soil. In this study, a plan strain triaxial test was conducted to investigate the deformation of an undisturbed soft clay specimen subjected to static and cyclic loading. The results demonstrate that the volume creep and vertical creep are associated with the overconsolidation state of the soft soil. The Over-Consolidated Ratio (OCRq) of shear stress, can be used as a parameter to describe the state of overconsolidation of soft soil under spherical stress. Based on the vertical creep coefficient and considering the influence of stress history on the stress state of soft soil, a two-dimensional long-term settlement model under cyclic loading has been proposed.
IoT Traffic Parameter Classification based on Optimized BPSO for Enabling Green Wireless Networks
Authors: Fouad Yasser , Abdelaziz Nehal E. , Elshewey Ahmed M.
Published: December 2024

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) has fueled the development of various smart devices, particularly for smart city applications. However, the heterogeneity of these devices necessitates a robust communication network capable of maintaining a consistent traffic flow. This paper employs Machine Learning (ML) models to classify continuously received network parameters from diverse IoT devices, identifying necessary adjustments to enhance network performance. Key network traffic parameters, such as packet data, are transmitted through gateways via specialized tools. Six different ML techniques with default parameters were used: Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB), and Stochastic Gradient Descent Classifiers (SGDC), to classify the traffic of the environment (IoT / non IoT). The models' performance was evaluated in a real-time smart laboratory environment comprising 38 IoT devices from various vendors with the following metrics: Accuracy, F1-score, Recall and Precision. The RF model achieved the highest Accuracy of 95.6%. Also the Binary Particle Swarm Optimizer (BPSO) was used across the RF. The results demonstrated that the BPSO-RF with hyperparameter optimization enhanced the Accuracy from 95.6% to 99.4%.
Senaryo temelli öğrenmenin ilkokul matematik derslerinde öğrencilerin başarı ve tutumlarına etkisi
Authors: Yüce Emine
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı ‘Geometrik Cisimler ve Şekiller’ alt öğrenme alanının Senaryo Temelli Öğrenme yöntemi ile öğretiminin ilkokul üçüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik dersi akademik başarısı ve derse yönelik tutuma etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmada nicel desenlerden ön test son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılının ikinci yarısında İstanbul ili Başakşehir ilçesindeki bir devlet ilkokulunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 31 deney, 31 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplamda 62 ilkokul üçüncü sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın deney grubunda Senaryo Temelli öğrenme yöntemi ile ders uygulamaları gerçekleştirilirken, kontrol grubunda mevcut öğretim programı ile öğretim yapılmıştır.
Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Genç, Öksüz ve Yüce(2022) tarafından geliştirilen ‘Geometrik Cisimler ve Şekiller Başarı Testi (GCŞBT), Matematik Tutum Ölçeği (MTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada senaryo temelli öğrenmeye dayalı öğretimin gerçekleştirildiği deney grubu ile mevcut programla öğretimin gerçekleştirildiği kontrol grubunda başarı testi ve tutum ölçeği ile edinilen verilerin karşılaştırılası için gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda kullanılan ANCOVA (Kovarvans Analizi), grup içi karşılaştırmalarda kullanılan ilişkili örneklemler t testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda senaryo temelli öğrenme yönteminin ilkokul üçüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin akademik başarısını artırdığı ve matematiğe yönelik tutumlarında olumlu yönde artış olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Senaryo Temelli Öğrenme yönteminin etkilerinin araştırıldığı, farklı sınıf seviyelerinde, farklı dersler ve farklı konularda çalışmalar gerçekleştirilebilir.
ANAHTAR KELİMELER
Senaryo, Senaryo Temelli Öğretim, İlkokul Matematik Dersi
Antibacterial Activity and Anti-inflammatory Activity VitexNegundo (Nirgudi) Plant Extract
Authors: Mr. Vishal Kachare  , Prof. Ram Ingale  , Mr. Nilesh Mutthe  , Mr. Pratik Kamble
Published: December 2024

Vitexnegundo is commonly known as Nirgundi. It belongs to family Verbenaceae. Its plant is branched, deciduous shrub found in all parts of India. Nirgundi possess various medicinal properties. It is also well known to possess antibacterial properties. The aim of present work is to evaluate the antibacterial property of Nirgundi plant parts. Themethanol extract of Nirgundi stem, leaves and flowers were investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It was reported in the study that the methanol extract of Nirgundi plant parts possess potent antibacterial property compared with the Streptomycin as a standard.Therefore, it is suggested to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases and Nirgundi plant parts can be used more and more for commercial purpose. The present study was undertaken to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Vitexnegundo roots in rats. The anti-inflammatory action was studied by Plethysmometer method. The ethanolic extract of Vitexnegundo roots was screened for phytochemical analysis and revealed the presence of all components. The adult rats were divided into four groups of six each and maintained under ideal laboratory conditions. Group I was taken as control and group II treated with the standard drug Indomethacin (10 mg/kg), the ethanolic extract of Vitexnegundo root 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were fed to group III and IV. It is observed that the ethanolic extract of Vitexnegundo roots shows considerable anti-inflammatory effect by using carrageenan induced rat paw edema method. The higher dose groups of Vitexnegundo root extract (400 mg/kg) were revealed more activity than their corresponding lower dose
A fragile monument. The restoration of the Brion Tomb complex: issues and reflections
Authors: Bruschi Greta
Published: December 2024

This work aims to illustrate difficulties in conservation and intervention with regard to Carlo Scarpa’s exposed reinforced concrete, which is characterised by unique formal features. The case study of the Brion Tomb (1969-78), designed by Carlo Scarpa (1906-1978), is exceptional for its monumental character, along with its designer’s desire to envisage its ageing, but not its deterioration, over time. In this sense, the almost exclusive use of reinforced concrete for the building and the choice of certain experimental technical solutions place this architectural complex within the general context of problems related to the restoration of contemporary architecture, due to the theoretical and operational difficulties in defining interventions for its conservation. The restoration of this complex, which was completed in 2020, was an extraordinary opportunity to reflect on the methods and limits of conservation work, and to update technical capabilities to the current state of the art.
Аккреционные вспышки в массивных молодых звездных объектах
Authors: И.И. Зинченко
Published: December 2024

Вспышки светимости в маломассивных (прото)звездах, обычно объясняемые эпизодической аккрецией, известны уже несколько десятилетий. Недавно подобные события были обнаружены в массивных молодых звездных объектах (МЗО). Существуют теоретические модели, предсказывающие такое поведение. Одна из первых таких вспышек была зарегистрирована в направлении МЗО S255IR NIRS3 с массой 20 M ⊙ , который мы долгое время изучали на разных масштабах с помощью нескольких инструментов. Здесь мы представляем краткий обзор наших исследований этого объекта, а также исследований подобных вспышек в других массивных МЗО. В целом это явление подтверждает сценарий эпизодической дисковой аккреции как механизма формирования звезд с массами до ∼ 20 M ⊙ .

Luminosity outbursts in low-mass (proto)stars, explained usually by episodic accretion, have been known for decades. Recently, similar events have been detected in massive young stellar objects (YSO). There are theoretical models which predict such a behavior. One of the first such outbursts was registered towards the 20 M ⊙ YSO S255IR NIRS3, which we have been investigating for a long time at various scales with several instruments. Here we present a brief review of our studies of this object and studies of similar outbursts in other massive YSOs. In general, this phenomenon supports the scenario of episodic disk accretion as a formation mechanism for stars with masses up to ∼ 20 M ⊙ .
О синергии наземных и космических телескопов при обнаружении ОСЗ декаметрового класса в околоземном космическом пространстве
Authors: А.С. Шугаров , Б.М. Шустов
Published: December 2024

Как показало Челябинское событие 15 февраля 2013 г., столкновения малых (декаметровых) тел с Землей могут представлять опасность для жителей нашей планеты. Такие тела малозаметны и могут быть систематически обна- ружены только в околоземном космическом пространстве. Необходима всемирная сеть наземных оптических телеско- пов, позволяющая очень быстро обследовать все ночное небо для обнаружения небольших астероидов в околоземном космическом пространстве. Однако значительная часть объектов, сближающихся с Землей (ОСЗ), приближается к Земле в дневное время, и их можно обнаружить только с помощью специальных космических средств. В предыду- щих статьях мы предложили космический проект СОДА (Система обнаружения дневных астероидов), направленный на обнаружение таких ОСЗ на короткой шкале времени (часы). В этой статье мы кратко представляем обновленную информацию о проекте СОДА в сравнении с другими аналогичными космическими проектами. Особое внимание уделяется рассмотрению синергии наземных и космических телескопов для эффективного обнаружения ОСЗ де- каметрового класса. Обсуждаются перспективы международного сотрудничества по проекту SODA, в частности, в рамках сотрудничества стран БРИКС в области астрономии.

As demonstrated by the Chelyabinsk event on February 15, 2013, collisions of the small (decameter class) near-Earth objects (NEOs) with the Earth can pose a threat to the inhabitants of our planet. Such bodies are faint and can be systematically detected only in near-Earth space. A world-wide network of ground-based instruments is needed, allowing quick survey of the entire night sky to detect small asteroids in near-Earth space. However, a significant portion of NEOs approach the Earth from the day-time sky and they can only be detected with special space-based facilities. In previous papers we suggested the space project SODA (System of Observation of Day-time Asteroids) aimed to detect such NEOs on a short-time scale (hours). In this paper we briefly present updated information about the SODA project in comparison with other similar space projects. Special attention is drawn to considering the synergy of ground-based and space telescopes in exhaustive discovery of decameter class NEOs. The prospects for international cooperation on the SODA project are discussed, in particular, within the framework of the BRICS countries collaboration on astronomy.
Quantifying Ecosystem Services and Environmental Dynamics in Lagos State's Coastal Zones
Authors: Adedoja Toyosi , Adegboyega Suleiman , Fakpor Akpofure
Published: December 2024

Coastal regions are experiencing rapid urbanization, leading to substantial land use and land cover (LULC) transformations that profoundly impact the environment, livelihoods, and ecosystem services, and this has become a concern for environmentalists. However, research linking dynamics to ecosystem service valuation in this critically important ecoregion is rarely studied. This study attempts to bridge this gap by quantifying the ecosystem services in Lagos, Nigeria's rapidly urbanizing coastal region. A multi-temporal Landsat imagery of 2003, 2013, and 2023 was employed to map LULC categories in the region. Furthermore, the Value transfer method was employed to estimate the ecosystem services in each LULC type. The estimated ecosystem service values revealed significant transitions, with an overall decline of $985.01 million from 2003-2013; built-up areas experienced the most significant increase, rising with $47.06 million, while mangrove forests saw the most significant decline, dropping to $ 602.86 million. Between 2013 and 2023, built-up continue to exhibit the most significant increase in value, with $15.72 million. Conversely, mangroves experienced a sharp decline, decreasing with $153.52 million. The valuation of LULC-associated ecosystem services in Lagos's coastal zone highlights the urgent need to integrate environmental accounting into coastal management.
Biodiversity: key to the biotechnological potential of bacteria isolated from Cuatro Ciénegas
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ruiz-Santiago Carolina , Martínez-Montoy Humberto ,   Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Bocanegra-García Virgilio ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cruz-Hernández María Antonia ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tamayo-Ordoñez María Concepción ,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Sosa-Santillán Gerardo de Jesús ,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Acosta-Cruz Erika ,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The Cuatro Ciénegas Basin (CCB) has been isolated since the late Eocene. Most of the microorganisms present in the CCB have evolved in situ and developed genetic and metabolic mechanisms to adapt to extreme environments.
Objectives: To investigate the biotechnological potential of bacteria isolated from the CCB, as well as to establish the phylogenetic relationship among them.
Methodology: Bacteria were isolated in pure culture from samples from different waterbodies in the CCB.Bacteria were identified using the 16S rDNA gene and their phylogenetic relationship was determined using the maximum likelihood method.
Results: Sixty-five isolates were identified: 39 strains belonging to the phylum Bacillota (11 identified at species level and 25 at genus level), 12 strains classified in the phylum Actinomycetota (one was identified at family level, six at genus level and five at species level) and 14 strains belonging to the phylum Pseudomonadota (one at class level, six at genus level and seven at species level).
Limitations of the study: Only bacteria isolated in pure culture were studied.
Originality: An original study conducted at the Molecular Microbiology Laboratory of the Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila is described.
Conclusions: Studies in the literature underline the great biotechnological potential of bacteria found in the industrial, agricultural and environmental sectors. Understanding biodiversity is essential for the sustainable use and management of native biota.
RESEARCH STATUS, HOTSPOTS AND EVOLUTION IN THE FIELD OF ONLINE MUSIC EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW
Authors: Yuchao Yan , Lee Johee
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
In the contemporary era of swift informational advancement, the rapid progression of digital technology has become especially significant, profoundly reshaping numerous fields. Globally, the demand for personalized learning, an emerging educational model, is increasing day by day, while the discussion and pursuit of unified educational standards are also gradually strengthening. This parallel pursuit of educational diversity and standardization reflects society's expectations and demands for high-quality education. Against this backdrop, we have witnessed the transformation of educational models, particularly the widely recognized and valued importance of collaborative learning and the sharing of educational resources. This trend is not only evident in traditional educational practices but also significantly manifested and developed in the field of online education. In this wave of educational change, the online music education sector has attracted widespread attention with its unique charm and potential. Music education, as an artistic form rich in creativity and emotional expression, has provided learners with brand-new learning experiences and possibilities through its online trend. However, despite the rapid development of online music education, existing research lags, particularly in the quantitative and empirical analysis of bibliometric indicators such as influential authors, popular topics, and evolutionary trends. To fill this gap, our research utilizes abundant data from the globally authoritative Web of Science (WOS) database. Through systematic literature review and analysis, we aim to reveal the core content and characteristics of the online music education field. In this process, we employ VOSviewer, a powerful analytical tool, which helps us gain a deep understanding of multiple dimensions within this field, including the distribution of authors, geographical contributions, key journals, co-occurring keywords, and co-cited references. Through this series of in-depth analyses, we not only clearly depict the current status of the online music education field but also reveal its frontier hotspots and future evolution trends. The insights from this study aim to provide scholars and educators in this field with a comprehensive and multidimensional perspective, serving as a strong reference and guidance for their future research and work.
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DISTANCE AND SIMILARITIES AMONG INDIGENOUS CHICKEN POPULATIONS IN KANO-STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Zango I. U. , Suleiman I. O. , Bibi-Farouk A. , Musa M. A.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of three populations of indigenous chicken in Kano State, Nigeria. A total of 249 matured free-ranging chickens between the ages of 6-24 months were sampled. Three genetic groups of indigenous chicken were identified in the study location which includes normal feathered (N), frizzle feathered (Ff) and naked neck (Na) and 2ml. of blood samples obtained from & birds per genotype were used for the study. Genomic DNA was extracted individually from the sampled blood using Quick DNA Kits (©Zymo-Spin Research Kit). Five microsatellite markers were used for genotyping. Genetics Analysis in Excel Software (GenAlEX sofivare version 6.5) was used for band analysis. The result showed relatively high genetic diversity which is essential for the populations. The chicken populations had degrees of genetic similarity of (0.840-0.925) and genetic distance of (0.078-0.084). High genetic distance of (0.084) was observed between N and Ff. It was concluded that the populations were not isolated and the microsatellite markers used were highly informative and can be used in future studies involving chicken populations.
ADAPTIVE POTENTIALS OF RABBIT (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS) GENOTYPES TO HEAT STRESS IN SEMI-ARID, NIGERIA
Authors: Suleiman I. O. , Zango I. U.
Published: December 2024

Rabbit production under the tropical condition is afected by environmental stress mainly from the effect of high ambient temperatures and high humidity, low wind speed and solar radiation. This study was conducted to investigate the adaptive potentials of rabbit genotvpes in the semi-arid environment. A total number of forty-eight rabbits from two genetic groups were used. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and heat stress index were measured in Chinchilla and Dutch rabbitgenotypes during late dry season (LDS) and early rainy season (ERS). GLM procedure in SAS was used to analyze data whereby age, breed, sex and season were factors and heat stress indices were the variables. The results showed that breed of rabbit had a significant effect (p<0.01) on respiratory and pulse rates with Chinchilla 97.78±1.05 breath/minute and 141.66±1.46 breathminute respectively while Dutch 92.41±1.08 breath/minute and 134.66±12.68 breath/minute respectively. Breed had noeffect (p>0.01) on rectal temperature and heat stress index. The respiratory rate was significantly higher among female rabbits compared to their male counterpart (96.59±1.65breath/minute vs 93.59±1.08 breath/minute). Age has also significant (p<0.01) effect on the rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate. Eight weeks old rabbits had higher means values. The heat stress index obtained during the early rainy season was higher (p<0.01) than that obtained during the late dry season (2.20=0.02 vs 1.99±0.01). At the end of the study, Chinchilla rabbits were found to be more prone to heat stress than Dutch rabbits.
LOCATION AND SEX EFFECT ON MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS IN AKWA IBOM STATE
Authors: Okon L. S. , Sam I. M. , Usoro O. O. , Udo M. , Assam E. M. , Ndak U. U.
Published: December 2024

Interaction between environment and genes causes variation in phenotype. There’s dearth of information on the influence of agroecological zones in Akwa Ibom State on morphometric traits of West African Dwarf goat in Akwa Ibom State. This study seeks to address this. The study was conducted to determine the influence of location and sex on the morphometric traits of West African Dwarf goat raised in Akwa Ibom State. A total of 384)goats comprising of 259 does and 125 bucks were sampled from the three senatorial districts (Eket, Ikot Ekpene and Uyo) of Akwa Ibom State. One hundred and twentyeight goats were sampled from each of the senatorial districts. Morphometric traits studied were body length (BL), heart girth (HG), rump height (RH), body depth (BD), ear length (EL), tail length (TL), neck circumference (NC) as well as body weight (BW). Data obtained from this on sex were analysed using independent T test while morphometric traits were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS. Results obtained showed that all the traits studied were significantly (P<0.05) affected by location except RH. Goats in Ikot Ekpene senatorial district were superior in body weight than goats in Eket and Uyo senatorial districts. However, goats in Uyo senatorial district were significantly higher in BL, HW, HG, RH, BD, TL, EL and NC than goats in Ikot Ekpene and Eket senatorial districts. There were significant (P<0.05) effect of sex on the studied traits excepton HW, RH, EL and TL. It was concluded that body weight and morphometric traits are important in West African Dwarf goats and these traits are sex influenced and favours females than males. These traits were also significantly affected by locations within Akwa Ibom State. It is therefore recommended that morphometric traits and location should be considered during selection to improve West African Dwarf in Akwa Ibom State.
EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL BODY WEIGHT IN ROSS 308 MALE AND ARBOR ACRES MALE BROILER USING GROWTH CURVE MODEL
Authors: Nwaodu O. B. , Chikwendu M. E. , Elechi U. J.
Published: December 2024

Understanding of animal growth is important for the improvement of management and feeding practices. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the appropriate growth curve of Arbor acre and Ross 308. In the study, the individual growth weight of 50 males each of Arbor acre and Ross 308 chicken, using Gompertz mode were evaluated. The weight of each bird was taken. Estimate asymmetric weight (a) ranged from 6073.7 for Ross male and from 4341.8 for Arbor male, respectively. The age at the inflection point was estimated from 16.0 weeks for arbor acres and 20.0 weeks for Ross respectively. In conclusion, the Ross 308 has more growth curve. The parameter obtain from growth models could help define feeding programs to meet nutritional needs from hatching to the age of maximum growth, reproduction programs and marketing strategies.
PERFORMANCE AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS OF GROWTH TRAITS OF F1 LOCAL TURKEYS IN THE HUMID TROPICS OF NIGERIA
Authors: Ogbuagu K. P. , Abel-Achimugu J. , Abdullahi H. R. , Ishaya E. Z. , Obi O. C. , Nwachukwu E.
Published: December 2024

Numerous research reports on evaluation of growth traits, performance and phenotypic correlations between body weight and linear body traits of three strains of F1 local turkey crossbred (Meleagric gallapavo) are still limited; hence the need for this study. Therefore, performance and phenotypic correlations between body weight and linear body traits of three strains of F1 local turkey crossbred (Meleagric gallapavo) in the humid tropics were evaluated. A total of 215-day-old poults were used for the study. The experiment was conducted using three phenotypes of indigenous domestic turkeys with the plumage colour: black, white and lavender (spotted). The poults used for the study were hatched from a foundation stock of 86 turkeys comprising 25 Hens and 5 Toms for black and white phenotypes each, respectively and 21 Hens and 5 Toms for lavender (spotted) phenotype. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was also used to analyze the data with phenotypic class as a major factor and batch as block. The parameters measured are Body weight (BWT), Average daily feed intake (ADFI), Brooding mortality (BM), Body length (BDL), Shank length (SL), Keel length (KL), Wing length (WL), Breast width (BW), Drumstick length (DL) and Neck Length (NL). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that body weight (BW) and Linear body measurements (body length, wing length, drumstick length, breast width, shank length, keel length and neck length) had a significant increase as age (weeks) increased for the main crossbred (black x lavender (spotted), BxS) and Lavender x Black compared with its purebred (Black x Black, (BxB), White x White (WxW) and lavender x lavender (SxS) counterparts. final body weights for main crossbred (3710.25, 3732.42 and 3738.66g) and reciprocal crossbred (3791.58, 3795.72 and 3797.44g) differed significantly (P<0.05) across the weeks. Results showed positive and significant phenotypic correlations were observed between linear body parameters and body weight of (BxW, BxS, and WxS) and reciprocal crossbreds (WxB, SxB and SxW) studie. Body weight (BW) and linear body measurements (body length, wing length, drumstick length, breast width, shank length, keel length and neck length) had significant increases as age (weeks) increased for the main crossbred (black x lavender (spotted), BxS) and Lavender x Black compared with its purebred (Black x Black, (BxB), White x White (WxW) and lavender x lavender (SxS) counterparts. final body weights for main crossbred (3710.25, 3732.42 and 3738.66g) and reciprocal crossbred (3791.58, 3795.72 and 3797.44g) differed significantly (P<0.05) across the weeks.
PREDICTION OF BODY WEIGHT OF LOCAL AND EXOTIC TURKEY STRAINS FROM LINEAR BODY PARAMETERS USING LINEAR AND CUBID REGRESSION MODELS
Authors: Onwuzuruike R. C. , Ezimoha O. C. , Orji A. C. , Obike O. M.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to predict the body weight of local and exotic turkey strains from linear body parameters using linear and cubic regression models. A total of One Hundred (100) 1-day-old turkey poults consisting of 75 local strains and 25 exotic turkey strain was used for the study. Each strain was replicated three (3) times with eight (8) birds per replicate. Prophylactic antibiotics and anticoccidial drugs were administered to the birds, fed feed and fresh water was given to them ad-libitum. The experiment lasted for twenty (20) weeks with the measurement of the linear body parameter and body weight of the birds collected bi-weekly. The data collected was subjected to linear and cubic regression models. And the result from the regressions equations demonstrated a positively relationship between body weight, linear body measurement component with age, showing that increase in the body weight and linear body parameters will increase as the birds increase in age. The result on linear regression showed high level of association at p˂0.05 significant level and R2 (%) in the parameters with the least value seen in local black body weight 54 (R2%) and highest seen in thigh length of local black with (R2%). In the cubic function, high level of significance was seen in all the parameters with the least value of 60 (R2%) seen in the local black while the highest value of 97 (R2%) was seen in the thigh length of local black and breast length of spotted. Based on the research results, body weight of turkeys can be predicted using linear regression and cubic models.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CHICKEN GENOTYPES INOCULATED WITH ATTENUATED SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA ZONE
Authors: Popoola A. D. , Hammed O. O. , Oyelami O. D. , Ojua O. E. , Adedeji T. A. , Ifagbemi A. , Ifanegan O. D.
Published: December 2024

The Nigerian Indigenous Chickens (NICs) are characterized with high viability, disease resistance and heat tolerance compared with their exotic counterpart. Hence, this study examined the physiological responses of chickens inoculated with attenuated Salmonella enteritidis. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso. Seventy-five (75) matured chickens comprising of Naked Neck (NN), Fulani Ecotype (FE) and Kuroiler (Kr) were sourced from pre-existing stock on the farm while mating was done using artificial insemination in a Completely Randomized Design. One hundred and twenty progenies were generated from three crosses (NN × NN – 40 chicks, FE × FE – 40 chicks and Kr × Kr – 40 chicks) and are reared from day old to 24 weeks. Data collected on weekly basis were: Body Weight (BW), Rectal Temperature (RT), Pulse Rate (PR), Respiratory Rate (RR) and Heat Stress Index (HSI). Data collected were analyzed using General Liner Model and mean were separated by Duncan Multiple range test at P<0.05. Genotype significantly influenced (P<0.05) physiological parameters of all chicken genotypes studied. The progenies of Kuroiler had the highest body weight (632.88g), Kuroiler Fulani ecotype had higher pulse and respiratory rate (50.14 – 50.55beats/min) after inoculation. Naked neck and FE progenies had higher antibody titre (60% and 40%) respectively after inoculation. In conclusion, NN × NN and FE × FE chickens should be selected for high disease resistance and for better adaption to tropical environment while Kuroiler (Kr × Kr) chickens should be considered for high body weight.
COMPARATIVE MORPHOMETRICS TRAITS AMONG NOILER CHICKENS OF DIFFERENT PLUMAGE PATTERNS
Authors: IYANDA D. J. , ALABI F. H. , AGBOOLA E. E. , OLUWATOYE T. M. , OLAGUNJU A. , OLAYINKA D. O. , MUHAMMAD J. O. , OLANIYI W. A
Published: December 2024

The study investigated morphometrics traits among noiler chickens of brown, barred, black, black and white, brown and white plumage patterns at 8 week. A total of 200 Day-old chicken of noiler breeds were obtained from Amo Farms Limited Oyo state. The chickens were distributed in duplicate of 25 chickens per plumage and fed with commercial diet (22% crude protein, 3000kcal/kgME). The research was carried at Adekunle Ajasin University. All routine management were practiced. The result obtained at the 8th week showed that the morphometrics traits for all the noiler chickens were all significantly different (P<0.05) from each other with black and white plumage patterned chickens having the highest height (35.8333cm). The average weight gain indicated the least value in brown of 1055.55±30.9204g that was significantly different (P<0.05) from brown and white with 1296.50±73.9282g. Wing length, breast width, breast length for all plumages were insignificantly different (P>0.05). Black, black and white patterned noiler chicken was statistically insignificant, in beak length. The present study has revealed that the morphomtrics traits of noiler chicken at 8th week, as influenced by difference in plumage patterns and could be used to make decisions in noiler chicken and production.
ESTIMATION OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF PURE, MAIN AND RECIPROCAL RABBIT CROSSES USING ALLOMETRIC EQUATION
Authors: Ukpong R. M. , Orji A. C. , Ezimoha O. C. , Inyang E. C. , Nwakpu O. F. , Obike O. M.
Published: December 2024

A base population consisted of 9 sires mated to 27 dams in a Completely Randomized Design was used in the production of the F1 progenies for the determination of the effect of genotype on growth characteristics of rabbit crosses in a humid tropical environment. The rabbits consisted of 9 each of Chinchilla, New Zealand White and Dutch does and 3 bucks for each of the genotypes. The data from the study were used to evaluate the allometric growth equation and distribution coefficients for linear growth parameters for 12 week period in pure, main and reciprocal rabbit crosses. The allometric coefficients showed that thigh girth, tail length and heart girth grew fast in the crossbred than the purebred rabbits. NZW x CHA had allometric coefficients of 0.37 and 0.46 for heart girth and tail length, 0.40 and 0.47 in NZW x DUT. CHA x DUT had allometric coefficients of 0.47, 0.40 and 0.44 for heart girth, thigh girth and tail length, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.46 for CHA x NZW, 0.38, 0.48 and 0.42 in DUT x CHA and 0.39, 0.43 and 0.43 in DUT x NZW. Importance of thigh girth and heart girth as a major meat cut regions is also associated with higher body weight. With the superiority of NZW x CHA in terms of body weight and most linear body measurements, it is therefore concluded that the NZW x CHA rabbits should be used for growth purposes and that linear body measurements can be used as indicators of body weight.
GROWTH RESPONSES AND LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF STARTING BROILER CHICKS ON DIETARY INCLUSION LEVELS OF BIOCHAR AND ALUM
Authors: Njoku C. P. , Akinola O. S. , Jegede A. V. , Abiona J. A. , Oguntoke O. , Oguntoke O. , Adeyemi O. A. , Adewole M. J. , Alaba O. D.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of inclusion of biochar and alum in the ration of starter broiler chicks on their growth and linear body development. Two hundred and eighty-eight 1-day-old Cobb chicks were obtained from a reputable hatchery. The chicks were divided into six treatments with 4 replicates each and 12 chicks per replicate. Data generated were subjected to a 2 x 3 factorial analysis in a Completely Randomized Design. Results revealed that dietary supplementation of biochar and alum had no significant impact (p>0.05) on growth indices of broiler chicks. Breast girth decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of biochar in the diets. Increasing dietary inclusion of alum improved (p<0.05) body length and shank width whereas, it lowered breast girth and height of the broiler chicks. It was concluded that inclusion of biochar and alum in the diets of broiler chicks enhanced some morphological parameters of the birds.
GENE EDITING: OPERATING WITHIN THE PRECINCTS OF THE LAW AND ETHICS
Authors: Essien A. , Adenaike A. S. , Ajayi F. O. , Okonkwo J. C. , Mark C. B.
Published: December 2024

Gene editing is the alteration of the genetic material of a living organism by inserting, replacing, or deleting a DNA sequence, typically to improve some characteristic of crop or farm animals or correct a genetic disorder. CRISPR, a biological system for altering DNA was discovered in 2012 by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuella Charpentier. This groundbreaking discovery of CRISPR-CAS9 in 2012 earned these two researchers the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020.CRISPR-CAS9 is preferred to other gene editing tools like Zinc finger nucleases, and TALENS because it has precise and site–specific gene editing capabilities. It is also relatively cheap and easy to use\. CRISPR/CAS9 is so efficient in cutting and adding genes that many researchers across the globe have adopted it. A program organized by the faculty of Law University of Ibadan and the WELLCOME TRUST UK ‘’An International Workshop on Genome Editing’’ on the 17th and 18th of April,2023 further crystalised the serious legal implication of gene editing. The announcement of gene-edited babies by a Chinese Scientist, He Jiankui sparked widespread controversy and condemnation from the global scientifi community and bioethicists. Many raised concerns about the ethical implications of such an experiment, as well as the potential unknown risks and long-term consequences for the children involved. Bioethicists, Lawyers, Doctors, Geneticists, Animal Scientists, Botanists, Crop Scientists, Veterinarians, policymakers and many other stakeholders have to bring their little bits to the table to ensure that humanity maximally harnesses the great benefits accruable from Gene editing.