bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expansive and extractive networks of Web3
Authors: Sadowski Jathan , Beegle Kaitlin
Published: March 2023

The self-proclaimed usurper of Web 2.0, Web3 quickly became the center of attention. Not long ago, the public discourse was saturated with projects, promises, and peculiarities of Web3. Now the spotlight has swung around to focus on the many faults, failures, and frauds of Web3. The cycles of technological trends and investment bubbles seem to be accelerating in such a way as to escape any attempt at observing them in motion before they crash, and then everybody moves on to the next thing. Importantly, Web3 was not an anomaly or curiosity in the broader tech industry. It articulates patterns that existed before Web3 and will exist after. Web3 should be understood as a case study of innovation within the dominant model of Silicon Valley venture capitalism. Our focus in this article is on understanding how the movement around Web3 formed through an interplay between (1) normative concepts and contestations related to ideas of “decentralization” and (2) political economic interests and operations related to the dynamics of fictitious capital. By offering a critical analysis of Web3, our goal is also to show how any even potentially progressive (or as we call them “expansive”) forms of Web3 development struggle for success, recognition, and attention due to the wild excesses of hype and investment devoted to “extractive” forms of Web3. In the process, they provide us a better view of how different arrangements of technopolitics can exist at the same time, side-by-side, in complicated ways.
Judgments as bulk data
Authors: Janeček Václav
Published: March 2023

Should court judgments be publicly available for text and data mining purposes? This article shows that the arguments for and against access to judgments conflate different understandings of what judgments are. On one view, judgments are seen as a ‘jurisprudential’ category, whereas the other view regards them as something ‘factual’. Once it is understood that these views and the claims based on them do not fight over the same territory, it should be easier to make judgments more widely available, including for the purposes of computational analysis of judgments as bulk data. The purpose of this article is to help to clear the ground for the debate around access to judgments as bulk data and highlight some relevant considerations for the preferred licencing regime concerning judgments.
Treatment of high-output cardiac failure secondary to anemia in three cats
Authors: Hammond Hillary , Pierce Kursten V
Published: March 2023

Case series summary

Three cats presented for clinical signs of respiratory distress and varying etiologies of anemia. Echocardiograms revealed evidence of cardiac dilation without other significant structural or functional heart disease. Thoracic imaging via point-of-care ultrasound and/or radiographs confirmed evidence of volume overload by pleural effusion. Each cat was diagnosed with presumed high-output cardiac failure secondary to anemia. Mainstays of treatment included controlling congestion and correcting the anemia with transfusions in the short-term while addressing the underlying etiology of the anemia in the long-term.

Relevance and novel information

Reports, treatment and management of high-output failure in the veterinary literature are limited. Extrapolating from human medicine, cats presenting with anemia and findings consistent with volume overload will benefit from treatment of their anemia to reduce neuroendocrine activation and the associated sodium and water retention. Therefore, blood transfusion should neither be avoided nor delayed in anemic cats with changes consistent with volume overload and congestive heart failure.
Modulation Mining—Computer-Aided Exploration of Functional Chord Forms
Authors: Lepper Markus , Trancón y Widemann Baltasar , Oehler Michael
Published: March 2023

The different labelling systems defined by the functional theories of harmony have been developed from about 1870 to 1950, without the help of computers. The complexity of harmonic labels spans from pure triads over added characteristic dissonances, over alterations of the fifth, up to non-chord notes like suspensions. Computer-based evaluation of functional label expressions shows that thereby their cardinality increases up to several thousands. For this, we present the basic theory, a concrete program implemented in Prolog, and some empirical results. The software is capable of analysing historic published analyses by inductively collecting all appearing labels, as well as theories as such, where the set of labels is given deductively, by regular expressions. A major application is the mining for possible modulation chords, i.e. different functional labels which result in (enharmonically) the same pitch classes. That this strategy had actually been applied by composers manually is explained by significant examples from the Romantic period.
Health Literacy, Health Outcomes and Equity: A Trend Analysis Based on a Population Survey
Authors: Keene Woods Nikki , Ali Umama , Medina Melissa , Reyes Jared , Chesser Amy K.
Published: March 2023

Health literacy continues to be an issue among minority groups. Population surveys are one strategy used to help better understand health disparities. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in Kansas added health literacy questions to the survey in 2012. This study examined population health literacy levels and health trends from 2012 to 2018. The health status variables included health care coverage status, general health rating, presence of chronic conditions, and length of time since the last check-up. The percentage of individuals reporting low health literacy decreased from 67% in 2012 to 51% in 2018. The percentage of participants with income levels less than $15 000 was 9% in 2012 and 7% in 2018. Health literacy was lowest among the age group 18 to 24-year-olds, those who identified as multiracial, separated, not graduated from high school, out of work for more than 1 year, income less than $10 000, with other living arrangements, and living in a suburban county of metropolitan statistical area. Additionally, many health conditions improved, and those reporting health insurance increased slightly. The study demonstrates how health literacy continues to be an issue, and how education and primary prevention are necessary to improve limited health literacy and health outcomes. Findings from both state-level and national BRFSS population surveys can help educate the public health and clinical health services workforce to provide better care and address health disparities for highrisk populations.
Effect of Dysphagia on the Older Adults’ Nutritional Status and Meal Pattern
Authors: Saleedaeng Pongsak , Korwanich Narumanas , Muangpaisan Weerasak , Korwanich Kanyarat
Published: March 2023

Introduction/Objectives:

Dysphagia is a widespread clinical condition among older adults. Although known as a risk factor for nutritional status and dehydration, dysphagia also affects meal patterns. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dysphagia and undernutrition, as well as dietary consumption patterns in older adults.

Methods:

268 older adults (144 women, 124 men) were included in the study. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), dysphagia assessment (EAT-10), oral examination, and Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) were used for collecting data. Odds ratio and Chi square were used to compare independent variables in subjects with and without undernutrition as well as those who intake texture modified and non-texture modified diet.

Results:

Mean age of the undernutrition and normal nutrition groups was 68.9 ± 6.1 and 68.8 ± 6.0 years, respectively. The undernutrition group’s activities of daily living (ADL) were 19.7 ± 0.9, and the normal nutrition group was 19.8 ± 0.7. Older adults with dysphagia were 4.8 times more likely to experience undernutrition than older adults without dysphagia (95% CI = 1.75-13.13, P = .002). There was a statistically difference between the meal patterns among the dysphagic older adult group and the normal-swallowing older adults’ group at the .05 level.

Conclusions:

According to this study, dysphagia was associated with the nutritional status of older adults and dietary patterns. The study results suggested some recommendations for dental health personnel on oral care related to dietary consumption and dietary patterns in older adults.
Vaccine Hesitancy in Mississippi: Does Political Ideology Muddy the Waters?
Authors: Evans Marion W. , Wajpe Abhishek S. , Wari Eki , Aras Sermin , Lemacks Jennifer
Published: March 2023

During the SARS-CoV2 pandemic vaccines were made available at a rapid pace in the United States (US) with support from the government. In Mississippi, vaccine hesitancy was marked. Across the country many areas of the US demonstrated reduced uptake regarding this specific vaccine due to a variety of reasons. Even with the efficacy of the vaccine indicative of a significant level of protection from mortality and serious morbidity, vaccine uptake and hesitancy were a significant concern. This study surveyed Mississippians on their willingness to take the vaccine or not, and in particular, investigated political ideology as a reason for vaccine hesitancy. Data was collected via an online survey and 589 adults (>18 years) responded. Those self-identifying as “Republican” were more than twice as likely to disagree that not getting the vaccine was a risk to their health and others (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.70, 2.54) as those who identified as “Democrat or independent” voters. Future health promotion efforts should specifically attempt to address this group in a more effective manner.
Pediatric Epicardial Devices: Early and Midterm Outcomes
Authors: Griffeth Elaine M , Krishnan Prasad , Dearani Joseph A , Pahwa Siddharth , Ackerman Michael J , Wackel Philip L , Todd Austin , Cannon Bryan C
Published: March 2023

Background

Lead performance is suboptimal in young patients and a main cause of device system failure. Our objective was to assess early and midterm outcomes after epicardial device implantation in a contemporary pediatric cohort.

Methods

A total of 116 consecutive pediatric patients underwent 137 epicardial device implantations from 2010 to 2019. Forty pacemakers and 97 implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) were implanted. Lead failure was defined as leads repaired, replaced, or abandoned due to fracture, dislodgement, or dysfunction. Freedom from device system failure was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

Mean age at implantation was 10 ± 5 years, 46 (34%) were younger than 8 years old, 41 (30%) had prior cardiac surgery, and 38 (28%) had prior devices. Main indications were acquired heart block (17/40 [43%]), sinus node dysfunction (14/40 [35%]), and congenital heart block (7/40 [18%]) for pacemakers, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (46/97 [47%]), long QT syndrome (31/97 [32%]), and ventricular arrhythmia (17/97 [18%]) for ICDs. There were no early deaths. Three-year freedom from device system failure was 80% (95% CI 73%, 88%) for all patients and 88% (95% CI 79%, 99%) for patients <8 years old. Device system failure causes included lead fracture (20/34 [59%]), lead dysfunction (5/34 [15%]), lead dislodgement (5/34 [15%]), infection (3/34 [9%]), and pericarditis (1/34 [3%]). Reintervention was required in 26/34 (76%) device system failures.

Conclusions

Epicardial device implantation is safe, shows acceptable midterm outcomes in children, and is an effective option in patients younger than 8 years old. Close device surveillance continues to be essential to detect lead failure early and ensure timely reintervention.
The Scripture on the Five Emperors in the Five Directions: Evidence of the Spread of Taoism Amongst the Naxi
Authors: Zhang Chunfeng , Zhu Jianjun
Published: March 2023

As residents of the Sino-Tibetan borderlands, the Naxi people have their own native religion, which manifests a mixture of indigenous beliefs with Tibetan Bon and Buddhism. A pictographic Scripture on the Five Emperors in the Five Directions discovered in Lijiang reveals in detail for the first time the influence of Chinese Taoism on the Naxi manuscripts. By analyzing the manuscript and the related religious rituals, it is proved that the prototype of the main figure in the manuscript comes from the Taoist classic of TaiShang DongYuan Zhao ZhuTianLongWang WeiMiao ShangPin 太上洞淵召諸天龍王微妙上品and its narrative is derived mainly from “LingBao WuDi GuanJiang Hao靈寶五帝官將號,” of the TaiShang LingBao WuFuXu太上洞玄靈寶五符序. It is also the only Naxi manuscript published to date that shows Han Chinese dragon worship among the Naxi people, though the detailed narrations are not identical to those in Chinese or Tibetan sources.
A Mediating and Moderating Analysis of the Relationship Between Team Emotional Intelligence and Team Performance
Authors: Shafique Shoaib , Naz Iram
Published: March 2023

The study aims to examine the association between team emotional intelligence (EI) and team performance, particularly in construction projects, with a deliberate focus on identifying the factors that may foster or hinder team performance. To examine the hypothesized nexus of the model, dyadic data of 302 project employees and their site supervisors was collected, representing 53 teams in total. Organizations working on construction projects and relevant participants were selected through purposive sampling method. Findings of the study pronounce a positive association between team EI and team performance of engineers. Further, this study supports the mediating role of team trust between focal variables. Notably, task interdependence buffers the association between team EI and team performance. Coupled with the theoretical contribution, the study also offers valuable insights for managerial consideration, which may help them to maintain the workflow in construction projects and enhance team performance. Although EI constitutes essential resources for higher performance, prior research has not investigated whether and when team EI facilitates team performance, particularly in construction projects. We contributed to filling this gap by establishing the direct and indirect association between team EI and team performance via team trust. Moreover, the study also established task interdependence as a relevant moderator. In sum, the study at hand brings to the fore the dispositional and contextual antecedents that could potentially impact team performance, particularly in the construction project context.
Social Networks as Social Capital for Volunteering With Syrian Refugees in Slemani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Taban Khalid , Geraldine Chan Kim Ling , Abdul Mutalib Mimi Hanida
Published: March 2023

This article argues that both direct and indirect social networks between volunteers had become social capital for them to help the Syrian refugees in Slemani City, Kurdistan region, Iraq. This argument is based on a recent study that had applied a combination of social network, structural hole and social capital theories, and social network analysis methodology, namely ego network analysis. The research objectives were to uncover the nature of social networks that had generated social capital through analyzing the structure of social networks between the volunteers (i.e., who is linked to who) and the type of their social networks. Data were collected through semi structured interviews and network-based survey from a purposive sampling of 20 volunteers in a non-governmental organization (NGO) selected for the study. Findings revealed the structure of social networks as established by a type of social network known as friendship ties between the volunteers. The volunteers’ social networks had also generated social capital for them because the networks had added value. Hence, the networks provided the volunteers benefits, namely task, informational, and social support benefits. Specifically, the volunteers obtained task benefits by assisting one another in building and renovating, maintaining good hygiene and tool services in the refugees’ shelters and distributing non-food items. Informational benefits were in terms of cooperating and advice giving and getting information to assess the refugees’ family situations and conduct seminars and campaigns for the refugees. The volunteers also received social support benefits through social gatherings. These findings imply the need for the Kurdistan government and NGOs to emphasize social networks and social capital to motivate volunteers.
Examining the Cross-Cultural Validity of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory in English Language Courses
Authors: Jones Brett D. , Khajavy Gholam Hassan , Li Ming , Mohamed Hanaa Ezzat , Reilly Peter
Published: March 2023

This study examined whether the five scales of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory produced valid scores when used in university English language courses across four different countries. We surveyed 1,147 students in English language courses in Iran, Mexico, China, and Egypt and analyzed their responses by performing measurement invariance testing using multiple group confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency reliability of the five MUSIC Inventory scales was acceptable. The configural, metric, and scalar invariance held across the four countries, providing evidence of construct validity for the five scales. Relationships between the MUSIC Inventory scales and measures of behavioral engagement, disaffection, and achievement provided some evidence of criterion validity, but some inconsistencies with expected relationships were noted. Overall, this study provides validity evidence for using the inventory in English language courses.
Edutainment, Gamification and Nutritional Education: An Analysis of Its Relationship With The Perception of Organizational Culture in Primary Education
Authors: de la Fuente-Anuncibay Raquel , Sapio Nicola , Ortega-Sánchez Delfín , Cuesta Gómez José Luis
Published: March 2023

The application of edutainment and gamification resources as complementary methodologies allows to reinforce and facilitate the internalization of learning, although there are hardly any studies that relate its use to the organizational culture of educational establishments. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the Foodball gamification program, applied to nutritional education as a strategy for innovation and learning and, specifically, its relationship with the teacher perception of organizational culture in education. A transversal methodology was used with students between 7 and 10 years old ( n = 185), and teachers ( n = 55) from 14 public primary schools in Rome and Ostia (Italy). Ad hoc assessment scales and the Organizational Culture Inventory (OCI) were used in the collection of information. For the analysis of the data, descriptive and inferential tests were carried out. The results associate the potential of these resources with an active participation and motivation in the learning process, as well as with the internalization of the information. Likewise, the teachers who participated in the educational entertainment crossmedia format obtained higher scores in the perception of the organizational culture, revealing significant differences according to gender and the acceptance of error as a unit value, and age with the perception of innovation. It is concluded in the need to deepen in these results through the design of longitudinal studies on the use of gamification resources and its effective incidence in the organizational culture.
The Effects of Depression and Fear in Dual-Income Parents on Work-Family Conflict During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jung Gijung , Ha Ji Sun , Seong Mihyeon , Song Ji Hyeun
Published: March 2023

This study investigated depression and fear in dual-income parents during the COVID-19 pandemic as predictors of work–family conflict. Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 214 dual-income parents aged 20 years or older with preschool and primary school children in Korea. Data were collected via an online survey. In the final model for hierarchical regression analysis, the strongest predictor of work–family conflict was depression (β = .43, p < .001), followed by fear (β = .23, p < .001), then weekly working hours (β = .12, p < .05). The final model was statistically significant ( F = 29.80, p < .001), with an explanatory power of 35%. These findings highlight the need to provide dual-income parents with government-led disaster psychological support during COVID-19, such as counseling, education, and mental health management services involving the psychological predictors of work–family conflict. Diverse systematic intervention programs and policy support should also be provided to help them resolve work–family conflict.
Feedback, Response, and Learner Development: A Sociocultural Approach to Corrective Feedback in Second Language Writing
Authors: Zhang Xueni , Zhang Runhan
Published: March 2023

Error correction has been one of the central themes in accounting for potential gains in second language (L2) writing. While a wide range of empirical studies focused on the effects of written corrective feedback (WCF) on learners’ writing outcomes, few of them have specifically examined the feedback process, or its potential role as a shaping force in learner development. Underpinned by a sociocultural framework of L2 acquisition, the present study examines learner development as mutually mediated by teacher feedback and learner response during dyadic sessions of error correction. The socioculturally informed approach, dynamic corrective feedback (DCF), operates via dialogic, collaborative negotiation over errors between an expert and a novice, in which feedback is scaffolded and tailored toward learner competence. Data collected from three Chinese EFL learners’ written texts and writing tutorial sessions show that learner idiosyncrasies are evident in development trajectory, and that development is not always linear but recursive. It is suggested that teachers attend to individual needs and abilities when providing feedback so as to facilitate sustainable development.
Organizational Resilience and Configurational Conditions From the Perspective of Emergency: A fsQCA Approach
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Xiu-e , Zhang Wenxin
Published: March 2023

Firms need resilience to help them get rid of failures or crises when facing emergency, yet—surprisingly—the issue of how to activate and develop organizational resilience has not been effectively addressed. Underpinned by configuration thinking, this study uses the fsQCA method to reveal the coordination and causal complexity between the six conditions that promote or inhibit the formation of organizational resilience. Specifically, the cognitive level includes manager self-efficacy and mindful organizing; the behavioral level includes exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation; the contextual reinforcement level includes bonding social capital and bridging social capital. Using survey data from 155 firms in China, the study found that: (1) Single antecedent condition is difficult to form high organizational resilience, but the lack of bonding social capital is a necessary condition for generating non-high organizational resilience. (2) Among the different configurations of six conditions, there are four pathways to form high organizational resilience, which can be specifically classified into three modes: Exploration, Ambidextrous, and Defensive configuration. (3) Three formation pathways for non-high organizational resilience, and there is an asymmetric causal relationship with high organizational resilience. The findings enrich the theory of crisis management and organizational resilience and provide a valuable reference for enterprises to effectively stimulate organizational resilience to respond to emergencies.
Historiography of Interpretations of Television Format Copyright: A Political Economic Perspective
Authors: Choi Joonseok
Published: March 2023

Television formats (e.g., The Masked Singer) have been traded for 20 years without firm legal protection. This paper performs a political economic analysis of this uncertainty in the legal protection of formats by examining television format copyright infringement disputes in the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and Brazil in the early 2000s. The cases show two dimensions of format copyright: the formation of the authorship of television formats and the construction of infringement. By examining the two dimensions of the cases, this paper demonstrates that the present state of television format copyright was an outcome of an ideological process that was enacted by the interaction between a territorial logic of law and a transnational logic of capital, expressed through actors such as multinational corporations, domestic corporations, and legal institutions.
State and Trait Emotion Regulation Diversity in Social Anxiety
Authors: Daniel Katharine E. , Larrazabal Maria A. , Boukhechba Mehdi , Barnes Laura E. , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: March 2023

Emotion regulation (ER) diversity, defined as the variety, frequency, and evenness of ER strategies used, may predict social anxiety severity. In a sample of individuals with high ( n = 113) and low ( n = 42) social anxiety severity, we tested whether four trait ER diversity metrics predicted group membership. We generalized existing trait ER diversity calculations to repeated measures data to test whether state-level metrics (using 2 weeks of ecological momentary assessment [EMA] data) predicted social anxiety severity within the higher severity group. As hypothesized, higher trait ER diversity within avoidance-oriented strategies predicted greater likelihood of belonging to the higher severity group. At the state level, higher diversity across all ER strategies, and within and between avoidance- and approach-oriented strategies, predicted higher social anxiety severity (but only after analyses controlled for number of submitted EMAs). Only diversity within avoidance-oriented strategies was significantly correlated across trait and state levels. Findings suggest that high avoidance-oriented ER diversity may co-occur with higher social anxiety severity.
Anterior Column Realignment Using an Anterior-To-Psoas Approach: A Radiographic-Anatomic Feasibility Study at L1-L5
Authors: Hirase Takashi , Shin Caleb , Thirumavalavan Jeyvikram , Boddapati Venkat , Lee Tiffany , Haghshenas Varan , Marco Rex AW
Published: March 2023

Study Design

Cross-sectional radioanatomic study.

Objective

To determine the feasibility of performing an anterior column realignment (ACR) using an anterior-to-psoas (ATP) approach at L1-L5.

Methods

Axial magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the L1-L5 disc levels obtained at a single institution were obtained and analyzed. The feasibility of performing an ACR was assessed using a combination of the size of the left oblique corridor (OC), the psoas morphology using the modified Moro classification, and the anterior disc edge to great vessel distance.

Results

Three hundred MRI studies obtained from 300 patients were included. All patients had a measurable left OC at the L1-L4 levels. Twenty patients (6.7%) had no measurable OC at the L4-L5 level. According to the modified Moro’s classification, a high-rising psoas was seen in 4 patients (1.3%) at the L3-L4 level and 57 patients (19.0%) at the L4-L5 level. An ALL release was considered high risk due to no measurable space between the anterior disc edge and the great vessels in 54 patients (18.0%) at the L1-L2 level, 39 patients (13.0%) at the L2-L3 level, 119 patients (39.7%) at the L3-L4 level, and 226 patients (75.3%) at the L4-L5 level.

Conclusion

ACR using an ATP approach is the most radioanatomically feasible at L2-L3. The L4-L5 level has the highest risk with regards to both the ATP approach and the ALL release for an ACR due to high rates of unmeasurable left OC and space between the anterior disc edge and the great vessels.
An Early Case of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Matalka Leen , Dean S. Joy , Beauchamp Giovanna , Sunil Bhuvana
Published: March 2023

Inguinal hernias are rare in female infants, and when present, there is an increased incidence of androgen insensitivity in these infants. We present a case of bilateral inguinal hernias in a 26-day-old full-term phenotypic female. On physical exam, the patient was found to have bilateral palpable inguinal masses which were suspected to be testicular tissue on ultrasound. Patient also had bilateral inguinal hernias, but otherwise there were no other concerning symptoms, and the remaining physical examination was overall unremarkable. Initial workup included a pelvic ultrasound that did not visualize a uterus or ovaries. In addition, genetic testing confirmed normal male genotype with 100% 46, on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was negative and did not reveal any copy number changes. Molecular testing was consistent with a diagnosis of androgen insensitivity syndrome with hemizygous pathogenic variant in the androgen receptor (AR) gene (deletion of Exon 2 of AR gene Xq12). This case highlights the importance of a high clinical suspicion of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) in a phenotypic female infant with inguinal hernias. To our knowledge, this is one of the earliest diagnoses of CAIS in a phenotypically female infant.
Primary Care Provider-Led Approach to Deprescribing Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Older Adults
Authors: De Lima Bryanna , Rowan Emily , Motulsky Anna , Morgan Emily
Published: March 2023

Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use increases the risk of adverse drug events in older adults and deprescribing has been shown to reduce these outcomes. This study assessed the feasibility of a provider-driven approach to deprescribe PIMs in an internal medicine clinic. Providers received education on the risks of select medications and benefits of deprescribing at an all-staff meeting in April 2021. Providers were asked to choose a deprescribing intervention. Chart reviews were completed at 3 and 6 months to evaluate changes in medication. Tests of binomial proportions were used to determine any significant differences. Thirty-two providers participated and interventions resulted in a 41.6% reduction in the reviewed PIMs (tapered or discontinued). A provider-driven approach may be a feasible and effective method of deprescribing PIMs in older adults.
Women's Perspectives on Cultural Sensitivity of Midwives During Intrapartum Care at a Maternity Ward in a National Referral Hospital in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mantula Fennie , Chamisa Judith Audrey , Nunu Wilfred Njabulo , Nyanhongo Prisca Sophia
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Midwives attend intrapartum women of diverse ethnic backgrounds who each bring their cultural beliefs into the labor and delivery rooms. The International Confederation of Midwives has recommended providing culturally appropriate maternity care in its quest to increase skilled birth attendance and subsequently improve maternal and newborn health.

Objective

This study aimed to examine midwives’ cultural sensitivity during intrapartum care from women's perspectives, and how this relates to women's satisfaction with maternity care services.

Methods

A qualitative phenomenological design was employed. Two focus group discussions were conducted with 16 women who had delivered in the labor ward of the selected national referral maternity unit. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data.

Results

This study revealed ineffective midwife–woman collaboration that excludes the incorporation of women's cultural beliefs in the design of maternity care plans. Emotional, physical, and informational support in the care provided to women during labor and childbirth was found to be incompetent. This suggests that midwives are not sensitive to cultural norms and do not provide woman-centered intrapartum care.

Conclusion

Various factors implying midwives’ lack of cultural sensitivity in their provision of intrapartum care were identified. Resultantly, women's expectations of labor are not met and this could negatively affect future maternity care-seeking behaviors. This study's findings provide policy makers, midwifery program managers and implementers with better insights for developing targeted interventions to improve cultural sensitivity for the delivery of respectful maternity care. Identifying factors that affect the implementation of culture-sensitive care by midwives could guide the adjustments required in midwifery education and practice.
Perception of Nurses’ Support among Family Members of Hospitalized Patients in A Tertiary Health Facility in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Cecilia Bukola , Ogunlade Oluwasayo Bolarinwa , Esan Deborah Tolulope , Ijabadeniyi Olasupo Augustine , Bello Adebanke Covenant
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Family members of hospitalized patients are often faced with challenges and may experience difficulty in coping without appropriate support. The aim of this study was to assess hospitalized patients' family members' perception of nurses' support.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized. A total of 138 family members of hospitalized patients in a tertiary health facility were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected with an adopted structured questionnaire. Analyses of data were performed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression. The level of significance was set at 0.05 ( p < .05. Also, age, gender, and type of family were the predictors of emotional support ( R2 = 84, F(6, 131) = 5.92, p < .05.

Results

The mean score of cognitive support was 9.92, emotional support was 15.59 while the overall mean score was 39.42. More than half (60.9%) reported that nurses never and rarely provided available and easy-to-read literature about the health problem of their patient (Mean = 2.30 ± 1.00). More than half (58.0%) reported that nurses never and rarely provided ideas, information and thoughts in a manner that allowed family members to think and learn. (Mean = 2.27 ± 0.98). About 1 out of 3 reported poor perception of cognitive support. While less than half (45.7%) reported poor perception of emotional support. Age, gender and relationship were predictors of cognitive support (R2 = .63, F (6,131) = 4.46, p < 0.05). Also, age, gender and type of family were the predictors of emotional support (R2 = .84, F (6,131) = 5.92, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

A significant number of families of hospitalized patients reported poor perception of cognitive, emotional, and overall support from nurses. Adequate staffing is a prerequisite for effective family support. Nurses also need appropriate training in providing family support. The focus of family support training should emphasize practices that nurses can use in everyday interactions with patients and family members.
Male Student Challenges in a Maternity Nursing Clinical Course in a Middle Eastern Country: Strategies for Improved Performance and Future Implications for Nursing Education and Practice
Authors: Raghavan Divya , Matua Gerald Amandu , Seshan Vidya , John Prince Emi
Published: March 2023

Introduction

As the number of males, entering nursing and midwifery increase in number, challenges faced by these males during training sessions also is on rise. Since these challenges vary from culture to culture, it is essential to understand the experiences and challenges of male nursing students during their nursing education.

Aim

To explore the challenges faced by male nursing students in learning maternal health nursing and the remedial strategies to improve their performance as identified by the students.

Design

A descriptive qualitative research design using focus group discussion method was used.

Methods

Twenty-two (22) undergraduate male nursing students enrolled in the Maternal Health Nursing Course during the Academic Years 2017 and 2018 were purposively selected to participate in the study through five (5) focus groups each comprising between four to six students.

Results

Three themes emerged from the study: (a) cultural constraints in the clinical learning process; (b) traditional gender-biased role expectations, and (c) alternative teaching strategies. In terms of “ cultural constraints,” the students felt the Arabic culture was the main barrier in direct patient care in midwifery practice. In relation to “ gender-biased role expectations,” the students reported that they felt “ not accepted and isolated” in midwifery clinical areas. Thirdly, the “ alternative teaching strategies” relate to the student's remedy to the cultural constraints and the gender bias faced that undermined their learning and overall performance in maternity nursing course . These alternative ways of learning included, “ increased involvement of nurses and midwives in teaching learning”; “ cultivating positive relationship between the clinical instructor and students,” and the “ use of high fidelity simulation to learn skills in midwifery education.”

Conclusion

The study findings revealed that male student nurses face significant challenges in maternity nursing course.
Transportal Tibiotalocalcaneal Nail Ankle Arthrodesis: A Systematic Review of Initial Series
Authors: Lameire Darius Luke , Abdel Khalik Hassaan , Del Balso Christopher , Daniels Timothy , Halai Mansur
Published: March 2023

Background:

There is currently a scarcity of information and consensus for transportal (arthroscopic or fluoroscopic) joint preparation during tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) fusion, and therefore this review aims to summarize the available techniques and to evaluate the outcomes after this procedure.

Methods:

A systematic electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed for all English-language studies published from their inception to April 4, 2022. All articles addressing arthroscopy in TTC nailing were eligible for inclusion. The PRISMA Checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. Descriptive statistics are presented.

Result:

A total of 5 studies with 65 patients were included for analysis. All studies used arthroscopic portals for tibiotalar and subtalar joint preparation (in 4 studies) prior to TTC nailing, with 4 studies using an arthroscope and 1 study using fluoroscopy. The overall major complication rate was 13.8%; however, there was only 1 instance of deep wound infection (1.5%) and 4 instances of surgical site infections (6.2%). Full fusion was achieved in 86% of patients with an average time to fusion of 12.9 weeks. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score preoperatively was 34.0 and postoperatively was 70.5.

Conclusion:

Although limited by the number of studies, transportal joint preparation during TTC nail ankle fusion is associated with good rates of complications and successful fusion.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, systematic review of Level III-IV studies.
Elements of power: Material-political entanglements in Australia's fossil fuel hegemony
Authors: Hamilton Olivia , Nyberg Daniel , Bowden Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Anthropocentric climate change presents an existential threat through impacts such as rising sea levels, effects on agricultural crops and extreme weather events. However, governments, businesses and communities struggle to wean off fossil fuel dependency. In this article, we argue that this is due to the grip of fossil fuel hegemony. To explain this grip, we draw on the theoretical perspectives of new materialism to examine how fossil fuels and politics interact in upholding Australia's fossil fuel regime. Our analysis, based on 70 qualitative interviews conducted with politicians and political advisors, fossil fuel executives and experts and environmental activists, shows three processes – establishment, entrenchment and encroachment – through which political-material entanglements lock in a fossil fuel-based future. These processes are both discursive, with politicians and industry downplaying, if not outright denying, the climate emergency and material, with investment in new mines and infrastructure even while the negative ecological impacts of fossil fuel use gather pace.
Papilledema and retinopathy lead to diagnosis of IgA nephropathy: a case report
Authors: Kwan James T. , Lanzo Erin , Ramsey David J. , Kalra Aarti , Athappilly-Rolfe Geetha K.
Published: March 2023

This case features a young healthy male who was diagnosed with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy after presenting with blurry vision that was caused by hypertensive retinopathy and papilledema. In this report, we examine the relationship between hypertension and increased intracranial pressure (ICP), along with the ocular signs of IgA nephropathy that may present in the setting of kidney disease.
Successful combined umbilical cord blood and bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling for MPS VI: a case report
Authors: Haria Pankti , Kedage Vinayak , Dalvi Pradnya , Sanghavi Satyen , Chandran Parvathi
Published: March 2023

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI), also known as Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome, polydystrophic dwarfism, and arysulfatase B (ASB) deficiency, is a lysosomal storage disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by progressive multisystem involved that causes many tissues and organs to enlarge and become inflamed. Skeletal deformities are common that progress and worsen in varying degrees thus affecting quality of life and life expectancy. Many studies have shown that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can reduce morbidity and enhance the survival and quality of life in such patients. We present a case of a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with MPS VI at the age of 3 years. Thereafter the patient developed various complications of the disease causing morbidity. She was then treated with combined umbilical cord blood (UCB) and bone marrow (BM) transplantation from complete human leukocyte antigen–matched (6/6) donor which was her younger sibling. The transplant was successful without any serious adverse effects. No additional treatments such as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) were required. The transplantation of UCB along with BM can be considered as an effective treatment approach for this rare disease.

Plain language summary

Case of MPS VI treated with stem cell transplantation This article reports a case of a 6-year-old girl who was diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI also known as MPS VI, an autosomal recessive disorder that caused her arysulfatase B (ASB) deficiency. This disorder affects growth velocity, gives coarse facial features, gives rise to skeletal deformities, frequent upper-airway infections, enlarged liver and spleen, hearing loss, and joint stiffness. However, very few studies have reported definitive ways to treat or cure MPS VI. To help her combat this disorder, combined umbilical cord blood and bone marrow transplantation was done. This transplant alleviated her symptoms, and the patient did not need any further treatment. Follow-up, 4 years after transplantation, shows normal enzyme level, no complications, and improved quality of life.
Preventing school exclusions of Black children in England – a critical review of prevention strategies and interventions
Authors: Stewart-Hall Claire , Langham Lorraine , Miller Paul
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the literature on the prevention of exclusions of Black children in English schools which has remained an entrenched problem and persistent concern for many decades. It examines grey literature from projects, as well as tested approaches, and the impact of preventative strategies, identifying patterns of when and where Black pupils are most excluded. This review begins by exploring the combination of systemic and policy changes that may have contributed to increased exclusion levels and triangulates evidence from reviews and academic analysis from experts in the field. The paper then explores projects that have responded to increases in the exclusion of Black girls and presents evidence of the experiences of intersecting identities and discrimination, such as adultification, and how this has been found to contribute to growing disproportionate numbers of exclusions for girls. Qualitative data from multiple Ofsted and DfE reports are reviewed and the effects of using role models, as well as the roles that teachers and leaders play in reducing exclusions as key systemic apparatus. The paper ends with research on different types of interventions to prevent school exclusion and their varied successes.
Exosomal Mir-3613-3p derived from oxygen–glucose deprivation-treated brain microvascular endothelial cell promotes microglial M1 polarization
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Wu Qian , Tang Mimi , Chen Zhuohui , Wu Haiyue
Published: March 2023

Background

Brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) injury can affect neuronal survival by modulating immune responses through the microenvironment. Exosomes are important vehicles of transport between cells. However, the regulation of the subtypes of microglia by BMECs through the exosome transport of microRNAs (miRNAs) has not been established.

Methods

In this study, exosomes from normal and oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)-cultured BMECs were collected, and differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed. BMEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation were analyzed using MTS, transwell, and tube formation assays. M1 and M2 microglia and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. miRNA expression was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6, IL-10, and RC3H1 protein concentrations were analyzed using western blotting.

Results

We found that miR-3613-3p was enriched in BMEC exosome by miRNA GeneChip assay and RT-qPCR analysis. miR-3613-3p knockdown enhanced cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis in the OGD-treated BMECs. In addition, BMECs secrete miR-3613-3p to transfer into microglia via exosomes, and miR-3613-3p binds to the RC3H1 3′ untranslated region (UTR) to reduce RC3H1 protein levels in microglia. Exosomal miR-3613-3p promotes microglial M1 polarization by inhibiting RC3H1 protein levels. BMEC exosomal miR-3613-3p reduces neuronal survival by regulating microglial M1 polarization.

Conclusions

miR-3613-3p knockdown enhances BMEC functions under OGD conditions. Interfering with miR-3613-3p expression in BMSCs reduced the enrichment of miR-3613-3p in exosomes and enhanced M2 polarization of microglia, which contributed to reduced neuronal apoptosis.