bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lineage and role in integrative taxonomy of a heterotrophic orchid complex
Authors: Barrett Craig F. , Santee Mathilda V. , Fama Nicole M. , Freudenstein John V. , Simon Sandra J. , Sinn Brandon T.
Published: July 2022

Lineage‐based species definitions applying coalescent approaches to species delimitation have become increasingly popular. Yet, the application of these methods and the recognition of lineage‐only definitions have recently been questioned. Species delimitation criteria that explicitly consider both lineages and evidence for ecological role shifts provide an opportunity to incorporate ecologically meaningful data from multiple sources in studies of species boundaries. Here, such criteria were applied to a problematic group of mycoheterotrophic orchids, theCorallorhiza striatacomplex, analysing genomic, morphological, phenological, reproductive‐mode, niche, and fungal host data. A recently developed method for generating genomic polymorphism data–ISSRseq–demonstrates evidence for four distinct lineages, including a previously unidentified lineage in the Coast Ranges and Cascades of California and Oregon, USA. There is divergence in morphology, phenology, reproductive mode, and fungal associates among the four lineages. Integrative analyses, conducted in population assignment and redundancy analysis frameworks, provide evidence of distinct genomic lineages and a similar pattern of divergence in the extended data, albeit with weaker signal. However, none of the extended data sets fully satisfy the condition of a significant role shift, which requires evidence of fixed differences. The four lineages identified in the current study are recognized at the level of variety, short of comprising different species. This study represents the most comprehensive application of lineage + role to date and illustrates the advantages of such an approach.
Interaction of polygenic variants specific for abdominal obesity risk with energy metabolism in large Korean cohorts
Authors: Park Sunmin
Published: July 2022

We examined the hypothesis that the genetic variants associated with abdominal obesity (AO) risk, excluding skeletal muscle mass impact, interact with lifestyle characteristics of adults aged >40 years in three cohorts from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Participants from a large city hospital‐based cohort, excluding those with cancers, thyroid diseases, chronic kidney disease or brain‐related diseases, were divided into AO (case; n = 17 545) and control (n = 36 283) using the cut‐offs for waist circumference of 90 cm for men and 85 cm for women. The genetic variants affecting AO risk were chosen from a genome‐wide association study in this cohort with obesity‐related covariates, including and excluding skeletal muscle mass as a covariate. The genetic variants were confirmed in the other two cohorts. The interaction between the genetic variants was identified by generalised multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis (GMDR). The polygenic risk scores (PRS)‐nutrient interactions were determined. Abdominal obesity was associated with SEC16B_rs543874, KCNQ5_rs2796052, CDKAL1_rs9356744, BDNF_rs6265, FTO_rs1421085, MC4R_rs17782313 and GIPR_rs1444988703 adjusting for covariates excluding LBM. However, the best model with 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) contained COL3A1_rs3106801, ADAMTS3_rs13105983, KCNQ5_rs2796044, ZFHX3_rs9938769 and MIR17HG_rs7318578 from GMDR when including LBM in covariates. These genetic variants were specific for AO risk. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis showed that the SNP effects were associated with the corresponding gene expression. The high PRS with the 5 SNP model was positively associated with an increased risk of AO of 1.639 (1.463–1.836). The PRS interacted with the age of menarche, energy intake and physical activity. In conclusion, adults with a high PRS, particularly those experiencing early menarche, may particularly benefit from not exceeding energy requirements and from regular physical exercise in order to prevent abdominal obesity. This finding can be applied to personalised nutrition advice to prevent abdominal obesity.
The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors MYC1 and MYC2 have a dual role in the regulation of constitutive and stress‐inducible specialized metabolism in tomato
Authors: Swinnen Gwen , De Meyer Margaux , Pollier Jacob , Molina‐Hidalgo Francisco Javier , Ceulemans Evi , Venegas‐Molina Jhon , De Milde Liesbeth , Fernández‐Calvo Patricia , Ron Mily , Pauwels Laurens , Goossens Alain
Published: July 2022

Plants produce specialized metabolites to protect themselves from biotic enemies. Members of the Solanaceae family accumulate phenylpropanoid–polyamine conjugates (PPCs) in response to attackers while also maintaining a chemical barrier of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). Across the plant kingdom, biosynthesis of such defense compounds is promoted by jasmonate signaling in which clade IIIe basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors play a central role.

By characterizing hairy root mutants obtained through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)‐CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9) genome editing, we show that the tomato clade IIIe bHLH transcription factors, MYC1 and MYC2, redundantly control jasmonate‐inducible PPC and SGA production, and are also essential for constitutive SGA biosynthesis.

Double myc1 myc2 loss‐of‐function tomato hairy roots displayed suppressed constitutive expression of SGA biosynthesis genes, and severely reduced levels of the main tomato SGAs α‐tomatine and dehydrotomatine. In contrast, basal expression of genes involved in PPC biosynthesis was not affected. CRISPR‐Cas9(VQR) genome editing of a specific cis‐regulatory element, targeted by MYC1/2, in the promoter of a SGA precursor biosynthesis gene led to decreased constitutive expression of this gene, but did not affect its jasmonate inducibility.

Our results demonstrate that clade IIIe bHLH transcriptional regulators have evolved under the control of distinct regulatory cues to specifically steer constitutive and stress‐inducible specialized metabolism.
Regeneration of critical‐sized grade II furcation using a novel injectable melatonin‐loaded scaffold
Authors: Abdelrasoul Mohamed , El‐Fattah Ahmed Abd , Kotry Gehan , Ramadan Omneya , Essawy Marwa , Kamaldin Jahangir , Kandil Sherif
Published: July 2022

Background

Periodontal regenerative therapy using bone‐substituting materials has gained favorable clinical significance in enhancing osseous regeneration. These materials should be biocompatible, osteogenic, malleable, and biodegradable. This study assessed the periodontal regenerative capacity of a novel biodegradable bioactive hydrogel template of organic–inorganic composite loaded with melatonin.

Materials and methods

A melatonin‐loaded alginate‐chitosan/beta‐tricalcium phosphate composite hydrogel was successfully prepared and characterized. Thirty‐six critical‐sized bilateral class II furcation defects were created in six Mongrel dogs, and were randomly divided and allocated to three cohorts; sham, unloaded composite, and melatonin‐loaded. Periodontal regenerative capacity was evaluated via histologic and histomorphometric analysis.

Results

Melatonin‐treated group showed accelerated bone formation and advanced maturity, with a significant twofold increase in newly formed inter‐radicular bone compared with the unloaded composite. The short‐term regenerative efficacy was evident 4 weeks postoperatively as a significant increase in cementum length concurrent with reduction of entrapped epithelium. After 8 weeks, the scaffold produced a quality of newly synthesized bone similar to normal compact bone, with potent periodontal ligament attachment.

Conclusions

Melatonin‐loaded hydrogel template accelerated formation and enhanced quality of newly formed bone, allowing complete periodontal regeneration. Furthermore, the scaffold prevented overgrowth and entrapment of epithelial cells in furcation defects.
Enamel defects of Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome and the role of PITX2 in its pathogenesis
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhu Junxia , Chiba Yuta , Fukumoto Satoshi , Qin Man , Wang Xin
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To investigate the detailed ultrastructural patterns of dental abnormalities affected by Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome (ARS) with a heterozygous microdeletion involving paired‐like homeodomain 2 (PITX2) and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms driving enamel defects.

Subjects and methods

Sanger sequencing, genomic quantitative PCR analysis, and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were used to screen the disease‐causing mutation in one ARS proband. An exfoliated tooth from an ARS patient was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and micro–computerized tomography. A stable Pitx2 knockdown cell line was generated to simulate PITX2 haploinsufficiency. Cell proliferation and ameloblast differentiation were analyzed, and the role of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in proliferation of ameloblast precursor cells was investigated.

Results

An approximately 0.216 Mb novel deletion encompassing PITX2 was identified. The affected tooth displayed a thinner and broken layer of enamel and abnormal enamel biomineralization. PITX2 downregulation inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of inner enamel epithelial cells, and LiCl stifmulation partially reversed the proliferation ability after Pitx2 knockdown.

Conclusions

Enamel formation is disturbed in some patients with ARS. Pitx2 knockdown can influence the proliferation and ameloblast differentiation of inner enamel epithelial cells, and PITX2 may regulate cell proliferation via Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
Phenomenologists on Perception and Hallucination: Husserl and Merleau‐Ponty
Authors: Overgaard Søren
Published: July 2022

There is a chasm in current analytic philosophy of perception between disjunctivists (and naïve realists), on the one hand, and ‘conjunctivists’ (intentionalists), on the other. For more than a decade, scholars of phenomenology have debated how classical phenomenologists such as Husserl and Merleau‐Ponty are to be located vis‐à‐vis this chasm. While there seems to be an emerging consensus that Merleau‐Ponty was a disjunctivist avant la lettre, how to interpret Husserl remains contested.
An Update on General Chemiexcitation Mechanisms in Cyclic Organic Peroxide Decomposition and the Chemiluminescent Peroxyoxalate Reaction in Aqueous Media†
Authors: Cabello Maidileyvis C. , Bartoloni Fernando H. , Baader Wilhelm J.
Published: July 2022

Four‐membered ring peroxides are intimately linked to chemiluminescence and bioluminescence transformations, as high‐energy intermediates responsible for electronically excited‐state formation. The synthesis of 1,2‐dioxetanes and 1,2‐dioxetanones enabled mechanistic studies on their decomposition occurring with the formation of electronically excited carbonyl products in the singlet or triplet state. The third member of this family, 1,2‐dioxetanedione, has been postulated as the intermediate in the peroxyoxalate reaction, recently confirmed by kinetic studies on peroxalic acid derivatives. Several general chemiexcitation mechanisms have been proposed as model systems for the chemiexcitation step in efficient bioluminescence and chemiluminescence transformations. In this review article, we discuss the validity and efficiency of the most important chemiexcitation mechanisms, extended to aqueous media, where the efficiency is known to be drastically reduced, specifically in the peroxyoxalate reaction, highly efficient in anhydrous environment, but much less efficient in aqueous media. Mechanistic studies of this reaction will be discussed in diverse aqueous environments, with special attention to the catalysis involved in the thermal reaction leading to the formation of the high‐energy intermediate and to the chemiexcitation mechanism, as well as emission quantum yields. Finally, several recent analytical and bioanalytical applications of the peroxyoxalate reaction in aqueous media will be given.
Metropolisation through Regionalisation? Spatial Scope and Anchor Points of Metropolitan Functions in German Urban Regions
Authors: Growe Anna , Volgmann Kati
Published: July 2022

Based on topics of research examining how metropolisation processes affect the areas surrounding metropolitan centres and change the locations of metropolitan functions in urban regions, this article examines: (i) how pronounced the process of the regionalisation of metropolitan functions is; (ii) in which sub‐areas of a surrounding region the regionalisation of metropolitan functions can be observed and (iii) which places are anchor points of metropolitan regionalisation. The regionalisation processes are studied using a municipal‐level dataset of metropolitan functions from German urban regions. The findings indicate that centrifugal forces distribute metropolitan functions across the surrounding region around one or more metropolitan core cities, and that this is, for the most part, linked to medium‐sized cities and to the complementary areas of metropolitan centres.
Zombie resistance: Reanimated labour struggles and the legal geographies of authoritarian neoliberalism in Cambodia
Authors: Lawreniuk Sabina
Published: July 2022

As neoliberalism lurches through its zombie phase – intellectually dead but dominant – critical scholars chart the global ascendancy of authoritarian variants of neoliberalism. Distinguished, in particular, by the rise of constitutional and legal strategies to contain dissent and entrench exclusion, authors call for attention to the role of law in reproducing and regulating neoliberal policy. Previous research on the intersections of law and neoliberalism tends to emphasise law's role in maintaining rather than subverting hegemony. In this paper, I move away from domination‐oriented accounts to consider the potential for resistance. I argue that renewed dialogue with legal geography and its erstwhile emphasis on contingency can recentre the agonistic dimensions of authoritarian rollout. I draw on evidence collected through a three‐year institutional ethnography of the labour movement in Cambodia, examining the impacts of the 2016 Law on Trade Unions on labour and labour organising in the garment and footwear industry. I show how the law frustrates and criminalises union organisation in an attempt to insulate the state from the growing discontent provoked by Cambodia's uneven neoliberal development. In doing so, however, the law has inadvertently centred the state as the direct target of popular labour struggles no longer contained within disciplining trade union channels. By drawing attention to the complex entanglements of everyday activism and state efforts to contain dissent, the paper highlights the contradictions that manifest in the consolidation of authoritarian neoliberalism. I argue that legal geography helps elucidate how these contradictions are productive of new forms of crisis, where the rollout of zombie neoliberalism spawns recurrent reanimations of zombie resistance.
Evolución de la res iudicata en materia procesal y contractual: el efecto de cosa juzgada producido por las providencias judiciales, la transacción y el acuerdo conciliatorio
Authors: Rusinque Suárez Germán Felipe , Carvajal Rocha Laura Viviana
Published: July 2022

A pesar de que mucho ha pasado desde que el agere per formulas fue el sistema procesal predominante del derecho romano clásico, aún hoy permanecen visibles algunos rasgos de la res iudicata y la exceptio rei iudicatae. La cosa juzgada de nuestros tiempos se encuentra regulada casi enteramente en los códigos procesales y sigue estando ligada a los efectos de la sentencia, tal como ocurría desde su concepción primigenia. No obstante, la constante evolución del derecho ha hecho que la cosa juzgada pueda originarse no solo a partir de otras providencias judiciales, sino también de la celebración de algunos negocios jurídicos. Este artículo de investigación aborda la historia y actualidad de la cosa juzgada, enfocándose en las cuestiones relacionadas con su configuración en materia procesal y contractual.
Propuesta de reconstrucción dogmática del sistema de responsabilidad civil de los administradores de sociedades anónimas en Chile a la luz del buen gobierno corporativo
Authors: Vásquez Palma María Fernanda
Published: July 2022

En las siguientes líneas presentaremos el resultado de una investigación jurídica, cuyo objeto es la reconstrucción dogmática del régimen de responsabilidad civil de los administradores de sociedades anónimas (SA) en Chile a la luz del buen gobierno corporativo (BGC). Para esto, utilizaremos las metodologías de recopilación, sistematización y análisis de la doctrina, normativa y pronunciamientos judiciales y administrativos dictados en estos últimos años, los que nos conferirán algunos lineamientos para entender esta materia adecuadamente. A partir del ejercicio hermenéutico de los artículos 41 y 133 de la Ley 18.046 (LSA), entre otros, propondremos una relectura del régimen de responsabilidad de los administradores de SA en Chile, sobre la base de distinguir el tipo de deber que se infringe y si este se encuentra o no tipificado en alguna de las fuentes señaladas en el artículo 133 de la LSA. En caso afirmativo, sostenemos que debiese aplicarse dicho precepto y, de lo contrario, podría recurrirse por medio de la regla general contenida en el artículo 41. Además, manifestamos una preocupación en cuanto a la escasa utilización de este mecanismo en la práctica y abogamos por el fortalecimiento del marco jurídico, en especial, del elenco de deberes y acciones, en concordancia con el BGC.
Proporcionalidad y razonabilidad de la vacunación obligatoria contra la covid-19: aproximaciones desde el constitucionalismo contemporáneo
Authors: Cajas Sarria Mario Alberto , Sarmiento Erazo Juan Pablo
Published: July 2022

La pandemia de la covid-19 ha desafiado a la comunidad científica, la economía, los sistemas sanitarios y, por supuesto, al derecho. Un número importante de Estados ha impuesto medidas de restricción y confinamientos generales y localizados para el control de la enfermedad y su expansión. No obstante, la vacunación aparece como una de las herramientas más eficaces para combatir su propagación y letalidad, de ahí que se haya abierto un debate jurídico sobre su obligatoriedad. En este artículo se argumenta que, muy a pesar de la afectación de algunos derechos fundamentales, las medidas restrictivas para incentivar la vacunación podrían superar el juicio de ponderación. Para soportar este argumento, se proponen unos “escenarios” constitucionales y se examina la razonabilidad y proporcionalidad de las medidas más comunes identificadas en la experiencia comparada.
A Dual Solid Method for Topological Optimization of a Conducting Solid Cooled by Gas Conduction and Surface Radiation
Authors: Sevart Chadwick D. , Bergman Theodore L.
Published: July 2022

The topological optimization of a conducting solid simultaneously cooled by (i) conduction to a stationary, radiatively nonparticipating fluid and (ii) surface-to-surface radiation exchange is performed to minimize the overall thermal resistance of the solid configuration. A novel dual solid method (DSM) that utilizes concurrent discrete and continuous descriptions of the solid-phase distribution is introduced. Corresponding discrete and continuous solid models are used to (i) quantify the conduction and radiation heat transfer and (ii) power a density-based topology optimization, respectively. The discrete and continuous models of the DSM are linked by sharing information pertaining to the radiation exchange process. The DSM is the first design method to incorporate the effects of surface-to-surface radiation exchange into the topological optimization of a conducting solid. The influence of the relative strengths of conduction and radiation is illustrated by performing parametric simulations involving various domain boundary temperatures and solid-phase thermal conductivities. In general, use of the DSM to account for radiation heat transfer leads to solid shapes with lower overall thermal resistances and reduced complexity, relative to shapes predicted when radiation is neglected. For the problem considered here, the DSM produces solid shapes that have overall thermal resistances up to 25% smaller relative to overall thermal resistances of shapes determined by topology optimization considering conduction processes only.
Mesoscopic Collective Dynamics in Liquids and the Dual Model
Authors: Peluso Fabio
Published: July 2022

A microscopic vision is presented of a dual model of liquids (DML) starting from a solid picture. The task is accomplished first by showing how a series of experimental evidences and theoretical developments on liquid modeling, gathered for the first time, can be framed in a mesoscopic view of liquids, hypothesized as constituted by a population of dynamic aggregates of molecules, diving in an ocean of amorphous liquid. The pseudo-crystals interact with the rest of the liquid through harmonic elastic waves and anharmonic wave-packets propagating within and among the structures. The anharmonic interaction term is derived from “first principles”; it allows the exchange of energy and momentum between the wave packets and the molecule's clusters, determining the displacement of the latter within the medium, and the redistribution of the energy between external Degrees of Freedom (DoF) and internal collective degrees of the clusters. Among the novelties of this model is that it provides quantitative expressions of various extensive thermophysical properties. The introduction of the statistical number of excited DoF allows bypassing the problem of other dual models which are sometimes unable to correctly reproduce the expressions for those thermophysical quantities showing deviations due to the activation/de-activation of internal DoF. The interpretation of the relaxation times is given, their Order-of-Magnitude (OoM) calculated, and the way in which these times are involved in the different phases of the collective dynamics of liquids discussed. A comparison is provided with results obtained in the frame of Phonon theory of Liquid Thermodynamics, as well as the forecasts for the viscoelastic transition regions and with systems exhibiting k-gap. In the last part of the paper, theoretical insights and experiments are suggested as potential directions for future research and developments.
Network structural origin of instabilities in large complex systems
Authors: Duan Chao , Nishikawa Takashi , Eroglu Deniz , Motter Adilson E.
Published: July 2022

A central issue in the study of large complex network systems, such as power grids, financial networks, and ecological systems, is to understand their response to dynamical perturbations. Recent studies recognize that many real networks show nonnormality and that nonnormality can give rise to reactivity—the capacity of a linearly stable system to amplify its response to perturbations, oftentimes exciting nonlinear instabilities. Here, we identify network structural properties underlying the pervasiveness of nonnormality and reactivity in real directed networks, which we establish using the most extensive dataset of such networks studied in this context to date. The identified properties are imbalances between incoming and outgoing network links and paths at each node. On the basis of this characterization, we develop a theory that quantitatively predicts nonnormality and reactivity and explains the observed pervasiveness. We suggest that these results can be used to design, upgrade, control, and manage networks to avoid or promote network instabilities.
Microbial genomic trait evolution is dominated by frequent and rare pulsed evolution
Authors: Gao Yingnan , Wu Martin
Published: July 2022

On the macroevolutionary time scale, does trait evolution proceed gradually or by rapid bursts (pulses) separated by prolonged periods of stasis or slow evolution? Although studies have shown that pulsed evolution is prevalent in animals, our knowledge about the tempo and mode of evolution across the tree of life is very limited. This long-standing debate calls for a test in bacteria and archaea, the most ancient and diverse forms of life with unique population genetic properties. Using a likelihood-based framework, we show that pulsed evolution is not only present but also prevalent and predominant in microbial genomic trait evolution. We detected two distinct types of pulsed evolution (small frequent and large rare jumps) that are predicted by the punctuated equilibrium and quantum evolution theories. Our findings suggest that major bacterial lineages could have originated in quick bursts and that pulsed evolution is a common theme across the tree of life.
Global protein dynamics as communication sensors in peptide synthetase domains
Authors: Mishra Subrata H. , Kancherla Aswani K. , Marincin Kenneth A. , Bouvignies Guillaume , Nerli Santrupti , Sgourakis Nikolaos , Dowling Daniel P. , Frueh Dominique P.
Published: July 2022

Biological activity is governed by the timely redistribution of molecular interactions, and static structural snapshots often appear insufficient to provide the molecular determinants that choreograph communication. This conundrum applies to multidomain enzymatic systems called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which assemble simple substrates into complex metabolites, where a dynamic domain organization challenges rational design to produce new pharmaceuticals. Using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) atomic-level readout of biochemical transformations, we demonstrate that global structural fluctuations help promote substrate-dependent communication and allosteric responses, and impeding these global dynamics by a point-site mutation hampers allostery and molecular recognition. Our results establish global structural dynamics as sensors of molecular events that can remodel domain interactions, and they provide new perspectives on mechanisms of allostery, protein communication, and NRPS synthesis.
Ultrastable tip-enhanced hyperspectral optical nanoimaging for defect analysis of large-sized WS
2
layers
Authors: Kato Ryo , Moriyama Toki , Umakoshi Takayuki , Yano Taka-aki , Verma Prabhat
Published: July 2022

Optical nanoimaging techniques, such as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), are nowadays indispensable for chemical and optical characterization in the entire field of nanotechnology and have been extensively used for various applications, such as visualization of nanoscale defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, it is still challenging to investigate micrometer-sized sample with nanoscale spatial resolution because of severe limitation of measurement time due to drift of the experimental system. Here, we achieved long-duration TERS imaging of a micrometer-sized WS
2
sample for 6 hours in a reproducible manner. Our ultrastable TERS system enabled to reveal the defect density on the surface of tungsten disulfide layers in large area equivalent to the device scale. It also helped us to detect rare defect-related optical signals from the sample. The present study paves ways to evaluate nanoscale defects of 2D materials in large area and to unveil remarkable optical and chemical properties of large-sized nanostructured materials.
Hyperandrogenism due to ovarian Leydig cell tumour presenting with polycythaemia
Authors: Demir Ayşe Y , Blok Bas B , Brinkhuis Egbert A , Oldenburg-Ligtenberg Christine P
Published: July 2022

A postmenopausal woman in her 60s was referred due to an elevated haemoglobin value found during her annual check-up. On physical examination, characteristic features of hyperandrogenism were observed which were not earlier mentioned. Laboratory investigations revealed polycythaemia accompanied by a normal erythropoietin and a negative analysis for JAK2-V617F mutation. A disproportionally and markedly elevated testosterone in combination with normal levels of adrenal androgens raised the suspicion of an ovarian source. CT scan showed nodular hyperdense lesions in both ovaries. A bilateral oophorectomy was performed and histological evaluation unfolded a Leydig cell ovarian tumour. Testosterone levels and haematological parameters normalised after surgery. Polycythaemia secondary to hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women is an extremely rare condition and patients should be carefully analysed for the presence of androgen-secreting neoplasms. Diagnosis of the underlying pathology requires careful history, physical examination and comprehensive investigation. Treatment for this condition is surgery and resolves polycythaemia.
Glaucoma in rural China (the Rural Epidemiology for Glaucoma in China (REG-China)): a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Yao Baoqun , Chen Xi , Yang Xueli , Liu Yong , Xie Zhenggao , Chen Xiaofeng , Yuan Zhigang , Wang Xingrong , Hu Dan , Ma Xiang , Gao Weiqi , Wang Ruifeng , Yang Yuzhong , Chen Song , Zhang Jingkai , Song Zuoqing , Wang Junsu , Wang Jing , Pei Jinyun , Wang Weijuan , Wang Meiyan , Gao Jun , Zhang Hongwen , Tan Lian , Du Wei , Pan Xuehui , Liu Gang , Du Xiujuan , Hou Xu , Gao Xin , Zhang Zhen , Shen Zhansheng , Wu Changfu , Yan Xiaochang , Bo Shaoye , Sun Xinghuai , Tang Nai-jun , Zhang Chun , Yan Hua
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of glaucoma with associated factors in the rural populations of 10 provinces in China.

Design

A population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods

All participants aged 6 years or older from 10 provinces completed visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, ophthalmoscopy and non-contact tonometry. Glaucoma suspects underwent fundus photography, Goldmann applanation tonometry, visual field testing and gonioscopy. Glaucoma was determined according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology classification scheme. Associations of demographics and medical factors with glaucoma were assessed using multiple logistic regression models.

Results

From June 2017 to October 2018, 48 398 of 52 041 participants were included in the final analyses. The age-standardised prevalence of glaucoma was 1.7% (95% CI 1.55% to 1.78%) among the participants older than 6 years, which was 2.1% (95% CI 1.93% to 2.23%) in participants aged over 40 years. The constituent ratios of glaucoma were: 44.4% primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), 34.7% primary open-angle glaucoma, 2.6% congenital glaucoma and 18.3% other types of glaucoma. Increasing age, smoking, cerebral stroke, type 2 diabetes, higher education (college or more) and higher personal income were significant risk factors for PACG. The unilateral and bilateral blindness rates in the entire study population were 4.692% and 1.068%, respectively. A family history of glaucoma was a significant risk factor for the prevalence of glaucoma and blindness in at least one eye.

Conclusions

Rural populations have a high prevalence of glaucoma, which should be included in chronic disease management programmes in China for long-term care.
Improved parent material map disaggregation methods in the Saskatchewan prairies using historical bare soil composite imagery
Authors: Sorenson P.T. , Kiss J. , Bedard-Haughn A.K.
Published: July 2022

The major drivers of soil variation in Saskatchewan at scales finer than the existing soil maps are parent material variance, slope position, and salinity. There is therefore a need to generate finer-scale parent material maps as part of updating soil maps in Saskatchewan. As spatially referenced soil point data are lacking in Saskatchewan, predictive soil mapping methods that disaggregate existing soil parent material maps are required. This study focused on investigating important environmental covariates to use in parent material disaggregation, particularly bare soil composite imagery (BSCI). Synthetic point observations were generated using an area-proportional approach based on existing soil survey polygons and a random forest model was trained with those synthetic observations to predict parent material classes. Including BSCI as environmental covariates increased model accuracy from 0.38 to 0.52 and the model Kappa score from 0.19 to 0.35 compared with models where it was not included. Models that included training points from all locations, regardless of whether BSCI was available, and included BSCI as environmental covariates had similar results to the BSCI model with an accuracy of 0.48 and a Kappa value of 0.30. Based on these results, BSCI is an important covariate for parent material disaggregation in the Saskatchewan Prairies. Future work to disaggregate soil classes based on slope position and salinity, and to combine those methods with parent material disaggregation is needed to generate detailed soil maps for the Canadian Prairies.
Length of day at
c
. 1.1 Ga based on cyclostratigraphic analyses of the Nanfen Formation in the North China craton, and its geodynamic implications
Authors: Bao Xiujuan , Zhao Hanqing , Zhang Shihong , Li Xinlei , Tan Wengang , Li Chao , Wu Huaichun , Li Haiyan , Yang Tianshui
Published: July 2022

Length of day (LOD) varies throughout Earth history, dictated in the long term by the retreat of the Moon and growth of Earth's core. Reconstruction of LOD in deep time has greatly benefited from analyses of the orbital cycle from geological records. The Precambrian database, however, is very limited. Here we present a cyclostratigraphic study on
c.
1.1 Ga laminated argillaceous limestones of the Nanfen Formation from the North China craton. Milankovitch cycles are successfully recognized from the consistent cyclical variations of the high-resolution magnetic susceptibility data measured on drillcores from the Nanfen Formation. Sedimentary cycles with wavelengths of 12.45, 10.72 and 9.96 m in three drillcores are interpreted as 405 kyr eccentricity cycles. An obliquity period of 20.9–21.4 kyr and a precession period of 12.7–16.0 kyr are also identified. The Earth–Moon distance and LOD are thus estimated at 3.43 ± 0.04 × 10
8
 m and 18.94 ± 0.39 h, respectively. Our new results together with the data previously published reveal an important discontinuity between 1.9 and 1.4 Ga in the evolutionary trend of the LOD. We suggest that Earth's core grew rapidly during the interval, which significantly changed the moment of inertia of the Earth–Moon system, and tidal dissipation again ruled the LOD variations after that stage.

Supplementary material:
A description of the calculation method, magnetic susceptibility data, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data and supplementary figures are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6086544
AI-Based Mean Field Game against Resource-Consuming Attacks in Edge Computing
Authors: Lin Kai , Liu Jiayi , Han Guangjie
Published: July 2022

With the rapid development of edge computing, a new paradigm has formed for providing the nearest end service close to the data source. However, insufficient supply of resources makes edge computing devices vulnerable to attacks, especially sensitive to resource-consuming attacks. This article first designs system function module, aiming to deal with resource-consuming attacks based on the general three-layer architecture of edge computing. Combined with the mean field game, an anti-attack model is designed to transform the security defense problem of large terminal-edge-cloud devices into the mean field countermeasure problem, and the self-organizing neural network is used to approximate the mean field coupling equation. On this basis, a distributed AI-driven resource-consuming attack security defense (ARASD) algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal solution for devices security interaction, thereby improving the system’s anti-attack ability. Finally, the effectiveness of the self-organizing neural network is verified through numerical simulation, and the parameters such as the number of initial terminal-edge-cloud devices and the number of iterations of different security defense algorithms are evaluated. The results show that the ARASD algorithm can achieve better resistance to resource-consuming attacks than other state-of-the-art algorithms in a large-scale edge computing architecture.
Session Coalgebras: A Coalgebraic View on Regular and Context-free Session Types
Authors: Keizer Alex C. , Basold Henning , Pérez Jorge A.
Published: July 2022

Compositional methods are central to the verification of software systems. For concurrent and communicating systems, compositional techniques based on
behavioural type systems
have received much attention. By abstracting communication protocols as types, these type systems can statically check that channels in a program interact following a certain protocol—whether messages are exchanged in the intended order.

In this article, we put on our coalgebraic spectacles to investigate
session types
, a widely studied class of behavioural type systems. We provide a syntax-free description of session-based concurrency as states of coalgebras. As a result, we rediscover type equivalence, duality, and subtyping relations in terms of canonical coinductive presentations. In turn, this coinductive presentation enables us to derive a decidable type system with subtyping for the π-calculus, in which the states of a coalgebra will serve as channel protocols. Going full circle, we exhibit a coalgebra structure on an existing session type system, and show that the relations and type system resulting from our coalgebraic perspective coincide with existing ones. We further apply to session coalgebras the coalgebraic approach to regular languages via the so-called rational fixed point, inspired by the trinity of automata, regular languages, and regular expressions with session coalgebras, rational fixed point, and session types, respectively. We establish a suitable restriction on session coalgebras that determines a similar trinity, and reveals the mismatch between usual session types and our syntax-free coalgebraic approach. Furthermore, we extend our coalgebraic approach to account for
context-free
session types, by equipping session coalgebras with a stack.
Long-Term Performance Analysis of Direct Photovoltaic Thermal-Assisted Heat Pump Water Heater Using Computational Model
Authors: Amibe Demiss Alemu , Eneyaw Alemayehu Tenaw
Published: July 2022

The photovoltaic thermal system has a limitation in supplying hot water at the required temperature since it requires a supplementary heating system. One such system can be an air source heat pump operated by electricity from a PV/T system, which can be used to raise the temperature of the water preheated by PV/T to the required level. Such type system can also be called a hybrid PV/T-heat pump system, and it delivers thermal (hot water) and electrical energy. The performance of the hybrid PV/T-heat pump system was analyzed using the computational model for two Ethiopian cities, namely, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, which represent the highland and lowland regions, respectively. The simulation was conducted by inputting climatic data, daily hot water demand, and hourly hot water consumption patterns. Also, system design parameters such as PV/T area and peak Watt, PV/T warm water tank volume, air source heat pump water heater COP as a function of ambient temperature and circulating water temperature, and heat pump hot water tank volume. Besides, the effect of hot water consumption patterns (variability effect in three dissimilar cases constant, restaurant, and motel) on the system performance was examined. In addition, the effect of electric energy supply to the compressor of the heat pump using battery storage on the system performance was also investigated. In those diverse situations, the system in most of the cases generated hot water above 55°C and scored a COP of 3. The maximum value of hot water end-use efficiency of 66% was also obtained by making the hot water tank capacity about 50% of the daily hot water consumption size.
Damaged Building Detection with Improved Swin-Unet Model
Authors: Xu Su , He Xiping , Cao Xiaoli , Hu Jian
Published: July 2022

Automatic detection of damaged buildings from satellite remote sensing data has become an urgent problem to rescue planners and military personnel. Unfortunately damaged buildings are in different dimensions and shapes with different roofs depending on the type of the material to be painted. In this study, we present an improved Swin-Unet approach that comprises three main operations. First, improved Swin-Unet as a Unet-like pure Transformer is used for multitemporal image segmentation. Second, different multitemporal features are extracted using hyperspectral image classification algorithm. Finally, a binary change map is generated, and evaluation results are obtained. This article takes AIST building change detection scene as the example, and compared with the conventional approaches tested, overall accuracy, mean intersection over union, and separated Kappa in the proposed method were improved by at least 23.36, 0.1725, and 0.202, respectively. Furthermore, different scenes, such as Gaofen-2/Jilin-1 multitemporal optical images and satellite imagery dataset (xBD), have also come to the same conclusion. Thus, it provides advantageous capabilities for monitoring damaged buildings along coastal areas.
Application of Balanced Scorecard in Performance Management and Evaluation of Listed Companies
Authors: Song Xuqin
Published: July 2022

A reasonable enterprise performance evaluation system not only is conducive to the scientific nature of enterprise internal management, but also can accurately reflect the shortcomings in development and provide effective guidance for the high‐quality and efficient development of enterprises. Therefore, based on the relevant theories and research of performance evaluation and balanced scorecard (BSC), this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current performance evaluation system of enterprises and the necessity and feasibility of applying BSC to design performance evaluation system. Then, we design a performance evaluation system with the characteristics of listed companies (LC). Finally, we use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation of enterprise A and propose corresponding safeguards for the smooth implementation of the system according to the evaluation results.
Dynamical Behavior of a Predator‐Prey System Incorporating a Prey Refuge with Impulse Effect
Authors: Li Zuxiong , Yang Xue , Fu Shengnan
Published: July 2022

A predator‐prey model with Holling II functional response incorporating a prey refuge with impulse effect is considered in this paper. With the help of the Floquet theory of impulsive differential equations, local stability and global attractivity of the boundary periodic solution of the system are derived, and then sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of the boundary periodic solution are obtained. Next, the permanence of the system is proved by constructing a Lyapunov function. Further, by applying the bifurcation theory of impulsive differential equations, conditions under which the system has a positive periodic solution are obtained. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the analytical results.
[Retracted] HANA: A Performance‐Based Machine Learning and Neural Network Approach for Climate Resilient Agriculture
Authors: Revathy G. , Aurchana P. , Arieth R. Madonna , Kavitha N. S. , Ramalingam A. , Ramaswamy Kiran
Published: July 2022

The importance of agricultural crops in India has been understated in terms of production during the last two decades, owing to global warming and other factors. Policymakers and farmers would benefit from imagining crop yields well before harvest to help them make appropriate marketing and storage decisions. Crop yields will benefit from such estimates as well. Several systems for predicting and modelling agricultural yields have been developed in the past, with varying degrees of effectiveness, due to the fact that they do not objectively account for meteorological aspects and seasonal climate variations. The importance of agricultural crops in India has been understated in terms of production during the last two decades, owing to global warming and other factors. Policymakers and farmers would benefit from imagining crop yields well before harvest to help them make appropriate marketing and storage decisions. Crop yields will benefit from such estimates as well. Several systems for predicting and modelling agricultural yields have been developed in the past, with varying degrees of effectiveness, due to the fact that they do not objectively account for meteorological aspects and seasonal climate variations. The method makes use of climate data from Thanjavur, India’s soils. To choose the optimal crop for a particular set of input and climate conditions, the system leverages real‐time input of location‐specific soil attributes. The model is been tested with various machine learning techniques such as NB, KNN, SVM, and decision tree. Among all these methods, the SVM gives the good results. The accuracy of the model was determined using LSTM, SVM, and Tabu search optimization. TSO with SVM has an 89% accuracy value.
Seismic Damage Assessment of Steel Buildings considering Viscoelastic Dampers in Near-Field Earthquake
Authors: Bashir Pour Mohammad Javad
Published: July 2022

In this study, three flexural steel frames of 4, 8, and 12 floors were investigated. The frames were designed based on the standard guidelines and then subjected to nonlinear dynamic analysis. Damage to structures with the concept of inelastic behavior and, consequently, hysteresis energy is very close. Therefore, it can be said that hysteresis energy at these levels can be a significant criterion for designing or controlling the structure. The high dependence of hysteresis energy on structural damage has caused this concept and new structural design methods to be considered by researchers and engineers. In this research, the first three steel frames of 4, 8, and 12-story with medium bending frame system with statically equivalent method. Then, all frames under the effect of seven near-field accelerometers and seven far-field accelerometers were analyzed nonlinearly and dynamically. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of damage, energy, relative displacement, roof displacement, and base shear in the studied frames. In the following, the necessity of using the reinforcement method to reduce the relative displacement is described based on the regulations, then viscoelastic dampers are used to strengthen and reduce the damage in the frames under study. The results show that despite the uniform distribution of resistance at the height of the floors, the hysteresis and damage distribution diagrams do not follow this distribution and the concentration of energy and damage is observed in one or more floors. Therefore, in order to make the best use of the maximum system capacity, the design of structures based on strength alone does not seem logical and other parameters such as hysteresis energy, which play a major role in structural member damage, should be considered in the design process. Viscoelastic dampers have been used for retrofitting. The results show that this type of damper has a great role in absorbing energy and reducing damage to buildings. By calculating the damage of floors and the damage of the whole structure, it was seen that the level of damage under near-field earthquakes was greater than that in distant earthquakes and also in structures with a higher number of floors. The results show that as the height of the structure increases, the base shear values increase. As dampers are added to the structural layers, the base shear values are highly reduced so that, for 4, 8, and 12 floor frames under distant field earthquakes, 54%, 45%, and 48% decrease, respectively, and near-field earthquakes decrease, by 55%, 68%, and 64%, respectively. Also, the effect of using viscoelastic dampers on reducing the damage of high-altitude frames has been more and shows good performance in reducing the damage under earthquakes in the near area.