TECHNOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE REDUCTION OF
ECOLOGICALLY HARMFUL EMISSIONS OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
INTO THE ENVIRONMENT
(review)
Authors: Zinoviev Sergii , Pushkina Maria 
Published: December 2023

The purpose. To study the influence of various factors on the emissions of
nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into the environment for the optimization of
technological management and prospective planning of research in pig farming, as
well as increasing the efficiency of the use of nutrients by pigs in their group housing.
Methods. The material for the research was literature from the library of the Institute
of Pig Breeding and AIP of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
and scientific works of scientists from Google Academy, Pub med, base-search.net,
core.ac.uk, ouci.dntb.gov.ua. The following research methods were used in the
research process: general scientific (typology, classification, analysis and synthesis,
abstract-logical) and interdisciplinary (structural-system approach), historical
(problematic-chronological, descriptive, source and historical analysis and
synthesis), with their help systematized scientific data on the technological
management of reducing ecologically harmful emissions of animal husbandry into the
environment. The results. Management strategies used in science and practice to
improve the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus use in pig production are
discussed, namely: genetic selection, castration, slaughter weight, precision feeding,
and manure management systems. Since the diet significantly affects the possible
losses of nitrogen and phosphorus, it must be taken into account when evaluating
management strategies. The amount of nitrogen released depends on the amount of
absorbed nitrogen, the amount of absorbed nitrogen, the balance of amino acids in
the diet and the animal's need for nitrogen and amino acids. For group-housed
animals, polyphasic feeding systems should be used, as daily polyphasic feeding
tailored to the individual animal's amino acid and other nutrient needs is likely to be
most effective. Specific amino acid intake should be balanced using the ideal protein
concept. With better knowledge of the needs of individual animals and the commercial
availability of certain amino acids, the total level of crude protein in the diet can be
reduced within certain limits. However, further research is needed on the minimum
level of crude protein that provides maximum performance. The correct use of feed
additives and enzyme preparations in rations contributes to the reduction of nitrogen
and phosphorus emissions. By combining optimal feeding and management, nitrogen
assimilation efficiencies approaching 60% can be achieved in the near future.
Prospective manure collection and processing systems contribute to an even greater
reduction of environmental emissions. Conclusions. The use of effective management
systems and precise feeding in pig farming contributes to the increase of assimilation
of nitrogen and phosphorus from feed, respectively, to the reduction of nitrogen and
phosphorus emissions to the environment.
Key words: emissions, pigs, nitrogen, phosphorus, excretion, amino acids,
genetic selection, castration, slaughter weight, animal age.