bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Petroleum System of Zubair Formation in Zubair Subzone, Southern Iraq
Authors: Idan Rami M. , Al-Musawi Furat A. , Salih Amani L. M. , Al-Qaraghuli Shahad A. F.
Published: May 2021

The Lower Cretaceous Zubair Formation is the most important reservoir in the south of Iraq and adjacent countries, as well as the shale intervals, may be the possible source rock. The parameters of the possible source rock within Zubair Formation are accepted, regarding quantity, quality, and thermal maturity.

From the total organic carbon values standpoint, shale intervals of Zubair Formation are generally good source rocks, except in the lower parts. While the kerogen types are generally type III gas-oil prone, mix type II/III, and type II oil-prone. The main type of organic matters was amorphous organic matters, which is principally related to oil-prone source rock.

The Rock-Eval Pyrolysis shows that the organic geochemical properties presented an effective and/or potential source rock depending on the values of S1, S2, and S3 and their derivatives. The source rock has started the oil expulsion, where the S1/TOC values were mainly more than 0.2 mg HC / g TOC.

The modelling explains that the Zubair Formation, wholly, has been entered the onset, partially, the peak, and rarely the end of oil generation in the studied Subzones. This conclusion depends on the calculated temperatures, geothermal gradients, and Vitrinite reflectance calibration.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports – March, April, May 2018
Authors: L / Oil Marketing Company Ministry of Oi
Published: May 2021

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – March 2018

Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – April 2018

Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – May 2018
Third trimester ovarian pregnancy: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Philippines, Guzman Glaiza S de , Martinez Alexis M ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Philippines, Santiago Joselito A ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Philippines
Published: May 2021

Ovarian pregnancy is a type of ectopic pregnancy where the fertilized ovum is implanted in the ovary. It is a rare entity and preoperative diagnosis remains problematic due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and sonographic findings. Here, we present a case of an advanced ovarian pregnancy at 28 weeks’ age of gestation initially managed as a case of suspected abdominal pregnancy. Preoperative aortogram and embolization were done to minimize intraoperative blood loss. Upon exploration of the abdomen, the products of conception were contained within an intact right ovary. The patient underwent right salpingo-oophorectomy. We obtained a stillborn baby girl weighing 1410 grams with no gross deformities. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of an ovarian pregnancy. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosing ovarian pregnancy despite advances in imaging and the use of preoperative embolization to minimize intraoperative blood loss and morbidity.
Tantangan Implementasi Manajemen Proyek Teknologi Informasi Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Dani Pradana
Published: May 2021

A project is an activity that is temporary in nature which has been assigned the initial work and completion time (usually always limited by time, often also limited by funding sources), to achieve specific and unique goals and results, and generally to produce a useful change or which has added value. In the current very competitive situation and the conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic, project management has become the most valuable skill for all types of companies. To achieve success and success, it is necessary for companies to carry out projects on time, according to the scope of work, cost efficiency, and good quality. This research will review several things related to the challenges of implementing information technology project management in terms of the factors that influence the failure of the project implementation.
COSTRUIRE MEMORIA E TRADIZIONE: IL TOFET
Authors: Campus Alessandro
Published: May 2021

The interpretation of the Phoenician-Punic tophet is changed in the years, from the affirmation to the negation of human sacrifice. Beyond the human sacrifice, the tophet can be interpreted as place of the negotiation of the different identities, the Phoenician and the West Phoenician.
The timing of pasture allocation and grass silage supplementation affect pasture intake, milk production and nitrogen partitioning of dairy cows
Authors: Beltrán Ignacio , Ruiz-Albarrán Miguel , Von Stillfried Nicolas , Balocchi Oscar , Wittwer Fernando , Pulido Rubén G.
Published: May 2021

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of time of pasture allocation (PA) and grass silage allocation on dry matter (DM) intake, grazing behaviour, milk production, rumen function and N partitioning of grazing dairy cows.Area of study: Valdivia, ChileMaterial and methods: Forty-five Holstein-Friesian cows were selected from the Austral Agricultural Research Station at the Universidad Austral de Chile. Cows were allocated to one of three treatments: MPA: 75% of PA and 25% of the silage allowance allocated in the morning; BPA: 50% of PA and silage allowance allocated in the morning; APA: 25% of the PA and 75% of the silage allowance allocated in the morning. All treatments received the complement of pasture and silage allowance in the afternoon. Cows received a daily PA of 21 kg dry DM, 3 kg DM of grass silage and 3.5 kg DM of concentrate.Main results: Grazing time was not affected by treatments, however, grazing time between afternoon-morning milking was longer for APA. DM intake and milk production were not modified by treatments, averaging 15.6 kg DM/cow and 22.7 kg milk/d, respectively. Rumen propionate was greater for BPA than APA (18.8 and 17.7 mmol/100 mol, respectively). N intake and N excretion throughout milk, urine and feces were not modified by treatments, averaging 458, 119, 195 and 144 g N/d, respectively.Research highlights: The combination of time of pasture and grass silage allocation is not an adequate strategy to modify pasture intake, milk production and N excretion in dairy cows.
Epidemiology of Covid-19 Positive Patients Admitted In a Dedicated Covid Hospital
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Kumar Sunil , Yadav Renu
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The pandemic of Covid-19 was declared on 11 march 2020 by WHO.

Methods: The study was carried out in a dedicated Covid 19 hospital on 1493 patients. All patients who tested positive for Covid-19 by RTPCR were included in the study and the outcome was analysed.

Result: Most of the patients were symptomatic (64.97%). The asymptomatic patients recovered faster than symptomatic and the difference was statistically significant. The most common symptoms were fever (38.3%), tiredness (20.6%) and cough (17.8%). Only 0.8% patients died due to the novel corona virus.

Conclusion: The mortality due to the virus in India is not alarming and we need to consider starting focusing back on other diseases as well. The mean age of the deceased was 58.42 which highlights that elderly at a greater risk to succumb to disease and hence should be preferred for as priority one for vaccination against the disease. The numbers of Covid-19 cases have reduced considerably over last few months in the country, but this does not mean that the pandemic has gone away. We need to be cautious, use this opportunity to vaccinate the maximum population to prevent second wave of the disease.
Notariële ambtsethiek als constante in de opleiding van de notaris: de deugd in het midden
Authors: Waaijer Boudewijn
Published: May 2021

Notariële ambtsethiek als constante in de opleiding van de notaris: de deugd in het midden; Special issue on Education in (Professional) Legal Ethics, Emanuel van Dongen & Jet Tigchelaar (eds.)

Behandeld wordt de vraag of en hoe door educatie een bijdrage kan worden geleverd aan beroepsethisch handelen in het notariaat. Ik doe dat door de opleidingseisen te differentiëren al naar gelang de verschillende gedaanten die de notarieel jurist aanneemt: die van student, beginnend notarieel jurist en notarieel jurist met een afgeronde beroepsopleiding.
1101 Teste grila si probleme de economie cu rezolvari
Authors: Gogoneata Constantin , Gogoneata Basarab
Published: May 2021

Lucrarea este destinata atat candidatilor la admiterea in invatamantul superior econornic, juridic si tehnic, cat si studentilor care doresc sa invete teoria econorniei de piata. De asemenea, o recomandam tuturor acelora care sustin licenta in economie sau se perfectioneaza in marketing, rnanagement, finante, contabilitate, drept, inginerie economica etc. Dupa insusirea unor cunostinte elementare de teorie economica moderna parcurgand fie manualul de admitere, fie alte cursuri si studii, rezolvarea testelor contribuie la fixarea celor mai importante notiuni, conexiuni si legitati economice si la formarea unei gandiri si culturi de speciatitate.
Postul informational. Omul intre linistea filocalica si explozia tehnologiei digitale
Authors: Iordache Mihai
Published: May 2021

Lucrarea de fata doreste sa traga un semnal de alarma cu privire la diverse pericole ale societatii noastre. Cercetarea noastra abordeaza trei „teze” fundamentale: postul informational, ca o forma distincta si mai noua a postului in lumea contemporana, semnificatia si importanta linistii, si efectele tehnologiei si dispozitivelor digitale in viata omului. Volumul analizeaza virtuti precum postul, infranarea, linistea, rugaciunea, meditatia, adunarea in sine, cunoasterea, trezvia, blandetea, rabdarea, tacerea, citirea etc., alaturi de teorii si descoperiri stiintifice legate de atentie, vointa, autocontrol, perseverenta, gandire, memorie, plasticitate, multitasking, divertisment, dependenta, zgomot, somn si altele. Eficacitatea postului informational se poate evidentia in fata efectelor nocive ale dispozitivelor digitale (televizor, telefon mobil, tableta, laptop, internet, E-mail, YouTube, retele de socializare gen Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp), manifestate prin: transformarea omului, diminuarea procesului gandirii, transformarea gandirii liniare in gandire fragmentata, golirea si externalizarea memoriei, spargerea legaturii dintre memoria de scurta durata, memoria de lunga durata si memoria de lucru, distragerea si imprastierea atentiei, pierderea abilitatii de concentrare, multitasking, dementa etc.
Legea pentru alegerea autoritatilor administratiei publice locale, comentata si adnotata
Authors: Apostolache Mihai Cristian
Published: May 2021

Mihai Apostolache se particularizeaza de alti autori din mai multe puncte de vedere. Mai intai, pentru ca nu este doar teoretician, el a exercitat mai multe mandate de parlamentar, astfel incat a fost si „autor” al legilor, nu doar cel care le aplica, se supune lor sau le analizeaza. In al doilea rand, Mihai Apostolache este profund atasat de administratia publica locala, pe care a slujit-o din mai multe ipoteze. Mai intai, printr-o organizatie neguvernamentala care a organizat diferite cursuri de perfectionare pentru alesii locali si personalul din administratia publica locala. Acest organism neguvernamental a fost ulterior transformat in partid politic local, care se bucura deja de o legitima incredere si recunoastere. Din aceasta perspectiva, comentariul realizat de domnul Mihai Apostolache asupra Legii nr. 1152015 combina fundamentele teoreticianului cu abilitatile si experienta practicianului. Acest lucru ii confera o valoare, pe care suntem convinsi ca o vor descoperi si aprecia toti cei care studiaza si utilizeaza, in activitatea desfasurata, lucrarea de fata.
Extraction of test cases procedures from textual use cases: is it worth it?
Authors: Santos Erick Barros dos , Da Costa Lucas Simão , De Amorim Thaís Marinho , Aragão Bruno Sabóia , Santos Ismayle de Sousa , De Vasconcelos Danilo Reis , Andrade Rossana Maria de Castro
Published: May 2021

Software testing plays a major role in the quality of software since it assures that the software complies with its expected behavior. However, this is an expensive activity and, thus, companies usually do not perform testing activities on software projects due to the time required. These costs may be even higher in testing processes that rely only on manual test execution, which is both time-consuming and error-prone. One strategy commonly used to mitigate these costs is to use tools to automate testing activities such as test execution, test documentation, and test case generation. This paper presents an experience report in the context of a Test Factory about the use of a tool that partially automates the specification of test procedures from textual use cases. This tool automatically retrieves use cases from the requirement management system, generates the test case procedures, requires inputs from the tester, and then sends the test cases to the test management system. This paper details how this tool was used in real releases of an industrial software project. We also evaluated our tool with four test analysts from a different project to gather more data regarding its efficiency to support the test case documentation.
Die deutsche EU-Ratspräsidentschaft 2020: selektive Föderalisierung des Integrationsprozesses
Authors: Böttger Katrin , Jopp Mathias
Published: May 2021

This article analyses the most important issues and decisions of the German EU Council Presidency, but also its “leftovers”. Almost beyond expectations, the German Government proved to be a successful mediator and honest broker for viable compromises in a number of conflicting areas. It was possible, in the second half of 2020, to resolve basic EU financing issues for the next seven years period, prevent a no-deal Brexit through a trade agreement with the United Kingdom, conclude an investment agreement with China and achieve the adoption of a rule of law mechanism against corruption in the use of EU funds by national actors. During the German Presidency, once again in European integration, a centralization of important tasks at the Brussels level can be identified, combined with a partial strengthening of supranational institutions.
Die portugiesische EU-Ratspräsidentschaft: Budget, Brexit, Biden und andere Herausforderungen
Authors: Ålander Minna
Published: May 2021

On 1 January 2021, Portugal took over the rotating Presidency of the Council of the European Union for the fourth time. The preceding German Presidency was able to broker agreements on crucial topics such as the EU budget, Brexit and the new EU climate goal. Nevertheless, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Portuguese Presidency is facing major challenges. History repeats itself as the German-Portuguese-Slovenian Trio Presidency again takes over at a time of crisis. Similar to the trio’s last presidencies in 2007/2008, Portugal has the responsibility to ensure a quick and smooth implementation of the decisions taken under the German Presidency.
Methodenevolution oder Abwendung vom Gesetzgeber? Von der Interessenjurisprudenz zur Wertungsjurisprudenz
Authors: Schäfer Fritz
Published: May 2021

Philipp Heck und Karl Larenz gehören zu den bedeutendsten Autoren in der Methodenlehre des 20. Jahrhunderts. Der Aufsatz unternimmt einen Vergleich ihrer beiden methodischen Konzepte. Heck unterscheidet sich von Larenz insbesondere durch seinen streng historischen Zugang. Dieser äußert sich darin, dass Heck die erkennenden und die schöpferischen Momente des Rechtsanwendungsprozesses klar voneinander trennt, während Larenz beide Elemente in einem einheitlichen Verstehensprozess zusammenführt. Dagegen ergibt sich aus Hecks historischem Zugriff - anders als von einem großen Teil der aktuellen Sekundärliteratur angenommen - keine engere Bindung des Rechtsanwenders an den Willen des Gesetzgebers. Das wird unter anderem anhand des Wirkens beider Autoren im Nationalsozialismus verdeutlicht.
La evaluación entre iguales para mejorar la formación inicial de maestros bilingües de Educación Primaria
Authors: Huertas-Abril Cristina Aránzazu , Palacios-Hidalgo Francisco Javier , Gómez-Parra María Elena
Published: May 2021

La evaluación entre iguales tiene numerosas ventajas, pues se ha demostrado que promueve la motivación hacia el aprendizaje y reduce la ansiedad, a la vez que fomenta el pensamiento crítico. Sin embargo, hay pocas investigaciones sobre las percepciones de los maestros en formación con respecto a su aplicación y son muy limitados los estudios que consideran a los maestros bilingües de Educación Primaria en formación. Este trabajo presenta una investigación de métodos mixtos que aborda cómo los maestros bilingües de Educación Primaria en formación analizan la evaluación entre iguales tras una experiencia docente empleando enseñanza en vídeo. Tras una primera fase inicial exploratoria basada en la Teoría Fundamentada, se llevaron a cabo análisis semánticos y de contenido. El análisis cualitativo de los datos se realizó con NVivo Plus (versión 12 para Windows), herramienta que también permitió la transformación de los resultados en datos cuantitativos. Los resultados reflejan que los participantes tienen una actitud muy positiva hacia la evaluación entre iguales, y destacan que este tipo de evaluación les ayuda a mejorar su rendimiento. Otros puntos fuertes de la evaluación entre iguales fueron que se trata de una técnica útil para su futuro profesional y que les permite aprender de los errores. Aunque los participantes también mencionaron una serie de preocupaciones respecto a la evaluación entre iguales, las posibles reticencias podrían superarse fácilmente, ya que estarían familiarizados con esta técnica antes de comenzar su carrera profesional. Finalmente, se presenta una serie de consideraciones y recomendaciones para aplicar la evaluación entre iguales mediante la docencia en vídeo en la formación inicial de maestros bilingües de Educación Primaria.
Procesos de feedback para fomentar la autorregulación con soporte tecnológico en la educación superior: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Gros Salvat Begoña , Cano García Elena
Published: May 2021

El desarrollo del aprendizaje autorregulado en educación superior puede darse a través del fomento del juicio evaluativo, el cual, a su vez, puede adquirirse mediante procesos de evaluación entre iguales o de autoevaluación en los que se proporcione un feedback proporcionando andamiaje a los componentes cognitivos, metacognitivos y afectivos de la autorregulación. La tecnología puede suponer un valor añadido en dicho proceso. Sin embargo, la literatura parece apuntar usos de la tecnología más instrumentales que favorecedores de la autorregulación. En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de un proceso de revisión sistemática sobre las aportaciones recientes que la bibliografía de referencia realiza en torno al rol de la tecnología para soportar el feedback. Los hallazgos muestran que, pese al aumento de aplicaciones y posibilidades técnicas que ofrecen las tecnologías digitales, el uso que se le da sigue estando vinculado a la gestión y almacenamiento de los datos, a la rapidez y facilidad de la calificación o, en algunos casos, al aumento de la motivación de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, los beneficios del uso de la tecnología en términos de los procesos de aprendizaje autorregulado que dichas tecnologías podrían reportar con un uso activo de los estudiantes siguen siendo todavía un campo pendiente para la investigación.
El aula invertida como estrategia didáctica para la generación de competencias: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Sandobal Verón Valeria Celeste , Marín Bianca , Barrios Teresita Haydee
Published: May 2021

La clase o aula invertida es una estrategia que comenzó a utilizarse en el nivel superior como una medida para mejorar el desempeño y la motivación de los alumnos. Como una de las primeras actividades del proyecto de investigación en el cual se enmarca el presente artículo, se realizó una búsqueda del estado del arte de la clase invertida en la educación superior. Para esto se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica, con el objetivo de conocer si ¿la metodología de aula invertida se aplica en la educación superior?, ¿cuáles son las herramientas que se utilizan? y si ¿las mismas corresponden a la Web 3.0? Por otro lado, se analizó si la aplicación de esta metodología genera competencias, tales como: aprender en forma continua y autónoma; desempeñarse de manera efectiva en equipos de trabajo; resolver problemas de ingeniería y utilizar de manera efectiva las técnicas y herramientas de aplicación en la ingeniería que se corresponden con las competencias que se buscan en el proyecto en cuestión. El artículo presenta los resultados de la revisión sistemática, de la cual se desprende que el aula invertida se aplica en la educación en ingeniería, que se utilizan diferentes herramientas; pero que esta implementación debe tener ciertas consideraciones para ser aplicada con éxito, como son: la correcta planificación de las actividades a realizar tanto por parte de los alumnos como de los docentes, el conocimiento de ambos actores sobre la metodología a utilizar, entre otras.
Evaluación Remota de Aprendizajes en la Universidad: decisiones docentes para encarar un nuevo desafío
Authors: Schwartzman Gisela , Roni Carolina , Berk Michelle , Delorenzi Erica , Sánchez Mariana , Eder María Laura
Published: May 2021

La pandemia por COVID-19 y la suspensión de actividades presenciales enfrentó a las universidades con el desafío de remotizar sus funciones. Este trabajo se propone caracterizar propuestas de evaluación de aprendizajes diseñadas, al inicio del confinamiento, por docentes de grado y posgrado de ciencias de la salud en el contexto de una propuesta de Formación para la Virtualización de la Enseñanza (FVE) de un Instituto Universitario. Este estudio descriptivo-interpretativo analiza, desde un enfoque cualitativo, 51 planificaciones docentes de evaluación remota elaboradas en el contexto de la formación ofrecida. Las mismas se organizaron en una matriz documental para su categorización e identificación de rasgos prevalentes en estos diseños didácticos con el fin de construir hipótesis interpretativas. Se evidencian propuestas diversas que mayormente evalúan los aprendizajes con intención de acreditar saberes. Prevalecen diseños de evaluación individual con un uso activo del conocimiento ligado a prácticas académicas y profesionales. Un gran porcentaje prevé su desarrollo en forma asincrónica, mediados por la escritura y con el uso de un amplio repertorio de herramientas digitales. Estas propuestas jerarquizan el andamiaje docente a estudiantes durante el proceso de evaluación. Finalmente, se sistematizan los campos emergentes que estructuraron el diseño de las propuestas de evaluación remota de los aprendizajes. Se genera así un insumo para pensar las prácticas evaluativas en el contexto de remotización de la enseñanza. Esperamos que esta contribución trascienda el escenario actual para identificar potencialidades ante la construcción de propuestas híbridas en la post pandemia y en otras disciplinas universitarias.
¿Cómo implicar a los estudiantes para que utilicen el feedback online?
Authors: Espasa-Roca Anna , Guasch-Pascual Teresa
Published: May 2021

A pesar de una apuesta firme por la implantación de una evaluación continua y formativa en el contexto universitario, en la práctica, este tipo de evaluación todavía hoy no es una realidad. En este marco de evaluación, los procesos de feedback toman una relevancia clave como facilitadores del aprendizaje. Sin embargo, los resultados de las investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo en los últimos años sobre el feedback concluyen que los estudiantes no lo utilizan, es decir, no lo aprovechan para mejorar su aprendizaje. El objetivo del presente artículo es aportar evidencias sobre cómo la estrategia basada en la reelaboración del trabajo académico puede promover la implicación de los estudiantes con el feedback en entornos virtuales o híbridos. Para dar respuesta a este objetivo se diseñó un cuasi-experimento con medidas pre-post. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 76 estudiantes que recibieron la intervención (reelaboración del trabajo a partir del feedback recibido y entrega final) y 60 del grupo control. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la reelaboración del trabajo va asociada a niveles más altos de implicación con el feedback. La discusión sitúa la relevancia de los resultados en contextos virtuales o con un uso intensivo de la tecnología y su potencialidad para transferirlos a la práctica educativa, por su impacto en la regulación y en el diseño de prácticas realmente formativas que contribuyan al aprendizaje.
MOOC in the West and East: A Comparative Content Analysis of Newspapers
Authors: Liu Jingshan
Published: May 2021

Una de las diferencias más llamativa entre los cursos online masivo en abierto o MOOC y las innovaciones anteriores de la tecnología educativa es el interés y la participación sin precedentes del público en general. Este estudio presenta un análisis comparativo del debate público en torno a los MOOC en diferentes países, enfocándose los contenidos mediáticos en los periódicos nacionales relacionados con los MOOC en China y España. Se identifican los temas más importantes en los principales periódicos en ambos países relacionados con los MOOC entre los años 2012 y 2019, llevándose a cabo un análisis en 456 artículos sobre su contenido, examinando si existe una interpretación distinta desde el idioma y la cultura diferente. Los resultados indican que la cobertura de los MOOC ha cambiado significativamente en los ocho años en ambas naciones, siendo el año 2014 el año con la mayor publicación periódica sobre el tema de los MOOC en ambos países. Desde entonces, el número total de artículos muestra una clara tendencia descendente en China, y los periódicos españoles empezaron a reducir la cobertura de los MOOC, pero vuelve a aumentar a partir del año 2017. El enfoque del discurso MOOC en periódico chino y español es diferente al periódico inglés, mientras que los artículos en España se centran en la utilización de los MOOC en formación profesional y empleo, en China, el enfoque parece moverse hacia las regulaciones y las políticas en la Educación en Igualdad del siglo XXI.
The Structure of the Quadratic Formula
Authors: Frank Kristin
Published: May 2021

Lessons that focus on a conceptual understanding offer an opportunity for students to learn about mathematical structure, not just computation.
GPS: Astronomy
Authors: Lin Cheng-Yao , Hamavid Aviva
Published: May 2021

Growing Problem Solvers provides four original, related, classroom-ready mathematical tasks, one for each grade band. Together, these tasks illustrate the trajectory of learners’ growth as problem solvers across their years of school mathematics.
A la búsqueda del médico bueno: los conflictos de intereses en las relaciones con la industria farmacéutica
Authors: Verdú González Irene
Published: May 2021

El declive sufrido por las profesiones clásicas ocasionó que, tras siglos de ejercicio autócrata de la profesión médica —e innumerables privilegios— fuese necesaria una renovación de los valores y principios inspiradores del contrato que les vincula a la sociedad. Ello exigía que, paralelamente, se recuperasen los principios éticos y virtudes que caracterizan a un excelente profesional, reformulándolos para adaptarlos a las nuevas exigencias de la sociedad. En consecuencia, la relación clínica pasó de la estricta intimidad médico-paciente a estar influida por otros sujetos que desvían la atención de los médicos de aquellas metas propias de su profesión. De entre estos sujetos, destaca notoriamente la industria farmacéutica, cuyo poder ha influido en la vocación que une al médico con su profesión, debilitándola y haciendo tambalear los cimientos de la moral propia de estos profesionales.

The decline suffered by classical professions, after centuries of autocracy in the medical profession —and uncountable privileges—  forced a renewal of the values and inspiring principles of the contract that binds them to society. This required, at the same time, the reformulation of ethical principles and virtues that characterize an excellent professional, in order to adapt them to the new demands of society. Consequently, the clinical relationship went from strict doctor-patient intimacy, to being influenced by other subjects who divert medical attention to the goals of their profession. Out of these subjects, the pharmaceutical industry stands out notably. Their power has influenced the vocation that unites the doctor with his profession, weakening it and shaking the foundations of the morale of said professionals
Optimization of methods for peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolation and expansion of human gamma delta T cells
Authors: Ali Khan Mohd Wajid ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-2440, Saudi Arabia
Published: May 2021

Human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells (γδ T cells) are immune surveillance cells both in innate and adaptive immunity and are a possible target for anticancer therapies, which can induce immune responses in a variety of cancers. Small non-peptide antigens such as zoledronate can do activation and expansion of T cells in vitro. It is evident that for adoptive cancer therapies, large numbers of functional cells are needed into cancer patients. Hence, optimization of methods needs to be carried out for the efficient expansion of these T cells. Standardization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolation was devised. Cytokines (interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 15 (IL-15)) and zoledronate were also standardized for different concentrations. It was found that an increased number of PBMCs were recovered when washing was done at 1100 revolution per minute (rpm). Significantly high expansion fold was (2524 ± 787 expansion fold) achieved when stimulation of PBMCs was done with 1 μM of zoledronate and both cytokines IL-2 and IL-15 supported the expansion and survival of cells ISSN 0973-2063 (online) 0973-8894 (print) Bioinformation 17(3): 460-469 (2021) ©Biomedical Informatics (2021) 461 at the concentrations of 100 IU/ml and 10 ng/ml respectively. 14-day cultures showed highly pure (91.6 ± 5.1%) and live (96.5 ± 2.5%) expanded γδ T cells. This study aimed to standardize an easy to manipulate technique for the expansion of γδ T cells, giving a higher yield.
From Youth Icon to Scarlet Diva
Authors: Maina Giovanna , Zecca Federico , Hipkins Danielle , O’Rawe Catherine
Published: May 2021

This article offers a reconstruction of the birth of Asia Argento’s star image, with specific reference to the Italian context. Through an analysis of the media discourses that circulated around the actress in the early phase of her career (from the end of the 1980s to the 2000s), we can trace the evolution of her star image from enfant prodige of Italian cinema, and youth icon, to that of the ‘anti-star’ who strongly divides public opinion, owing to her unruliness on and off-screen. The article concludes that her pre-existing association with sexual transgression inflected how her behaviour with Harvey Weinstein and Jimmy Bennett was interpreted in the Italian public sphere.
Getting Over the Woman Problem
Authors: Handyside Fiona
Published: May 2021

In this interview with Mia Bays (Birds’ Eye View), we discuss the recent Reclaim The Frame project, a UK-wide touring programme that showcases female-directed or -scripted films, usually new or recent releases. The interview explores the idea that this kind of curation is a necessary feminist intervention in the contemporary British cinema circuit, one that offers audiences agency and acknowledges that initiatives in film production alone are not sufficient to shift structural inequalities in the film industry. The piece begins with some contextual detail before turning to my discussion with Bays.
Optimally selecting the top k values from X + Y with layer-ordered heaps
Authors: Serang Oliver
Published: May 2021

Selection and sorting the Cartesian sum, X + Y, are classic and important problems. Here, a new algorithm is presented, which generates the top k values of the form . The algorithm relies on layer-ordered heaps, partial orderings of exponentially sized layers. The algorithm relies only on median-of-medians and is simple to implement. Furthermore, it uses data structures contiguous in memory, cache efficient, and fast in practice. The presented algorithm is demonstrated to be theoretically optimal.
An effective classification framework for brain-computer interface system design based on combining of fNIRS and EEG signals
Authors: Alhudhaif Adi
Published: May 2021

Background

The brain-computer interface (BCI) is a relatively new but highly promising special field that is actively used in basic neuroscience. BCI includes interfaces for human-computer communication based directly on neural activity concerning mental processes. Fundamental BCI components consist of different units. In the first stage, the EEG and NIRS signals obtained from the individuals are preprocessed, and the signals are brought to a certain standard.

Methods

In order to realize proposed framework, a dataset containing Motor Imaginary and Mental Activity tasks are prepared with Electroencephalography (EEG) and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) signal. First of all, HbO and HbR curves are obtained from NIRS signals. Hbo, HbR, HbO+HbR, EEG, EEG+HbO and EEG+HbR features tables are created with the features obtained by using HbO, HbR, and EEG signals, and feature weighted is carried out with the k-Means clustering centers based attribute weighting method (KMCC-based) and the k-Means clustering centers difference based attribute weighting method (KMCCD-based). Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (kNN) classifiers are used to see the classifier differences in the study.

Results

As a result of this study, an accuracy rate of 99.7% (with kNN classifier and KMCCD-based weighting) is obtained in the data set of Motor Imaginary. Similarly, an accuracy rate of 99.9% (with SVM and kNN classifier and KMCCD-based weighting) is obtained in the Mental Activity dataset. The weighting method is used to increase the classification accuracy, and it has been shown that it will contribute to the classification of EEG and NIRS BCI systems. The results show that the proposed method increases classifiers’ performance, offering less processing power and ease of application. In the future, studies could be carried out by combining the k-Means clustering center-based weighted hybrid BCI method with deep learning architectures. Further improved classifier performances can be achieved by combining both systems.
Navegando a través de las dimensiones de la materialidad y la historia: la escala como lente para comprender relaciones sociotécnicas dinámicas y acumulativas
Authors:   Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Spero Ellan F. ,   Station1, Ortiz Christine ,   Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Station1
Published: May 2021

A través del lente de la escala, este artículo combina co­nocimientos y perspectivas de la historia de la tecnología, por un lado, y de la ciencia y la ingeniería de los materiales, por otro, para examinar la materialidad de los sistemas tecnológicos ubicuos y cotidianos que, con frecuencia, permanecen ocultos. Se exami­na el caso simultáneamente excepcional y prosaico de los materiales que sustentan el proceso de filtración de agua en una ciudad manufacturera del siglo XIX en los Estados Unidos. El análisis de los vínculos entre estructura, propiedad, procesamiento y rendimiento de los materiales se integra con enfoques históricos de los paisajes tec­nológicos, la co-construcción de uso y valor y las narrativas de progreso. Este estudio proporciona información sobre las dinámi­cas relaciones sociales y materiales que cambian a través de las escalas, así como acerca de los mecanismos y las influencias acumulativas de los constituyentes mate­riales de sistemas sociotécnicos más gran­des. La contribución se inscribe en el marco de la ciencia y la tecnología con orientación social. Finalmente, se discute la implemen­tación de este marco en instituciones nuevas y existentes de educación superior.
Editorial. “Trayectorias de uso” y “el objeto como productor y usuario”: dos ideas para la subversión historiográfica
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bernasconi Renato
Published: May 2021

Esta editorial contribuye con dos ideas a la discusión planteada por los editores invitados en torno a la dimensión de uso de los objetos técnicos. En primer lugar, propone incorporar la idea de “trayectorias de uso”. El concepto es desarrollado a partir de las nociones de “ajuste tecnológico” y “reconstitución tecnológica”, ambas propuestas por Pfaffenberger, así como a partir de las ideas planteadas por Domínguez Rubio en torno a lo que él denomina “implacabilidad de las cosas”. La segunda idea es que la ontología relacional que formula Barad resulta útil para esbozar programas historiográficos que respondan a la urgente necesidad de subvertir creativamente los métodos, los marcos conceptuales y las categorías tradicionales. Esta idea se desarrolla en torno a los planteamientos de Francesca Bray, por un lado, y Giaccardi y Redström, por otro, quienes coinciden en señalar que los límites entre producción y uso han colapsado.
Prevalence, Pattern and Clinical Variations of Dermatophytosis in Patients with HIV Infection at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt
Authors: Altraide Dasetima D. , Amaewhule Mary N. , Otike-Odibi Bolaji
Published: May 2021

Background: Immunosuppression due to various etiologies has been associated with the occurrence of dermatophytosis. Several studies in the past have demonstrated that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a risk factor for the acquisition and severity of dermatophytosis. This study examined the prevalence and clinical variations of dermatophytosis amongst HIV positive patients seen in Port-Harcourt, Southern Nigeria.

Methods: Between July 2019 and 2020 173 seropositive cases and 173 seronegative controls were recruited for this study. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire and thereafter screened for the presence of dermatophytosis and sent for mycology studies.

Results: There was a higher prevalence of dermatophytosis in the HIV seropositive group when compared to the control group. Most of the lesions seen were not markedly different from that seen in immunocompetent persons. 41.65% of the cases were found among those with CD4 cell counts below 200. Tinea corporis was the commonest lesion seen (50%).  Trichophyton species was the commonest dermatophyte isolated, followed by Microsporum spp.

Conclusion: Prevalence of dermatophytosis is significantly higher in HIV infected patients and commonly occurs in advanced stages of the disease. Tinea corporis is the most common lesion in this group of patients and Trichophyton spp. a common causative agent.
Effect of temperature on the sex ratio and life table parameters of the leek‐(L1) and tobacco‐associated (T) Thrips tabaci lineages (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Woldemelak Wondimagegn Atilaw , Ladányi Márta , Fail József
Published: May 2021

Temperature strongly affects insect biological response. Effects of temperature on the sex ratio, preoviposition, fecundity, egg hatchability rate, and adult longevity of the L1 and T Thrips tabaci lineages were studied under laboratory conditions at three constant temperature levels (15, 23, and 30°C) on cabbage and tobacco leaf discs, respectively. Results showed that temperature affects all the tested life table parameters of L1 and T lineages. The proportion of female's log‐linearly increased as temperature increased. Preoviposition period, fecundity, adult longevity, and egg hatchability rate were reduced significantly with increasing temperature. In both lineages, the lowest egg hatchability rates were recorded at 30°C and the highest rates were recorded at 15°C. Mean fecundity of the L1 and T lineages were 107.63 and 84.83 at 23°C, respectively, and mean fecundity of the L1 and T lineages were 19.88 and 70.82 at 15°C, respectively. The lowest mean fecundity was recorded at 15°C and 30°C for the L1 and T lineages, respectively. Mean longevity were 34.22 and 81.82 days at 15°C for L1 and T lineages, respectively. Whereas, the shortest mean longevity (13.63 and 13.91 days) was observed at 30°C for the L1 and T lineages, respectively. Our results demonstrated that 23°C was the optimum temperature for fecundity among the studied temperature levels for the studied population of the L1 and T T. tabaci lineages.
Evaluation of SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy phosphor for potential applications in thermoluminescent dosimetry
Authors: Tang Xueyan , Ehler Eric D. , Brost Eric , Mathew Damien C.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the use of commercial‐grade strontium aluminate phosphorescent powder as a thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeter for clinical radiotherapy beams.

Materials and Method

Commercially available Eu2+, Dy3+ co‐doped strontium aluminate powder (SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy) was annealed and then irradiated using 20 × 20 cm2 field size, with 6‐MV (PDD10 = 70.7) and 18‐MV (PDD10 = 79.4) photon beams and and 9‐MeV (R50 = 3.6), 15 MeV (R50 = 5.9) and 18‐MeV (R50 = 7.2) electron beams. To calibrate the relationship between the TL readings and the irradiated doses, TL glow curves were acquired for doses up to 600 cGy at all beam energies. For the percentage depth dose (PDD) measurement, the SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy powder was sandwiched by solid water phantoms, with varying thickness of solid water placed above to determine the depth. PDDs were measured at four representative depths and compared against the commissioning depth dose data for each beam energy.

Results

Linear dose response models of doses up to 200 cGy were created for all beam energies. Superlinearity was observed with doses greater than 200 cGy. The PDD measurement acquired experimentally agrees well with the commissioning data of the medical linear accelerator. Trapping parameters such as order of kinetics, activation energy and frequency factor have been obtained via TL glow curve analysis.

Conclusion

The linear dose response demonstrates that SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy is a potential TLD dosimeter for both electron beams and photon beams at different beam energies. The PDD measurements further support its potential use in quality assurance and radiation dosimetry.
Exercise leads to metabolic changes associated with improved strength and fatigue in people with MS
Authors: Keller Jennifer , Zackowski Kathleen , Kim Sol , Chidobem Ikechukwu , Smith Matthew , Farhadi Farzaneh , Bhargava Pavan
Published: May 2021

Objective

The goal of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effects of an exercise intervention – progressive resistance training (PRT) on the metabolome of people with MS (pwMS) and to link these to changes in clinical outcomes.

Methods

14 pwMS with EDSS <4.0 and 13 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls completed a 12‐week in‐person PRT exercise intervention. Outcome measures included: plasma metabolomics analysis, cardiovascular fitness tests, EDSS, timed 25‐foot walk (T25FW), six‐minute walk test (6MWT), hip strength, and modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS). We identified changes in the metabolome with PRT intervention in both groups using individual metabolite abundance and weighted correlation network defined metabolite module eigenvalues and then examined correlations in changes in metabolite modules with changes in various clinical outcomes.

Results

In both groups PRT intervention improved hip strength, distance walked in 6WMT, speed of walking, while fatigue (MFIS) was improved in pwMS. Fatty acid, phospholipid, and sex steroid metabolism were significantly altered by PRT in pwMS but not in controls. Changes in fatigue (MFIS score) were strongly inversely correlated and hip strength was moderately correlated with change in sex steroid metabolite module in pwMS. A similar relationship was noted between change in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate abundance (sex steroid metabolite) and fatigue in pwMS. We also noted an inverse correlation between changes in fatty acid metabolism and cardiovascular fitness in pwMS.

Interpretation

PRT‐induced metabolic changes may underlie improved clinical parameters in pwMS and may warrant investigation as potential therapeutic targets in future studies.
Nb‐Mediated Grain Growth and Grain‐Boundary Engineering in Mg3Sb2‐Based Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Luo Ting , Kuo Jimmy J. , Griffith Kent J. , Imasato Kazuki , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Wuttig Matthias , Gault Baptiste , Yu Yuan , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: May 2021

The poor carrier mobility of polycrystalline Mg3Sb2 at low temperatures strongly degrades the thermoelectric performance. Ionized impurities are initially thought to dominate charge carrier scattering at low temperatures. Accordingly, the increased electrical conductivity by replacing Mg with metals such as Nb is also attributed to reduced ionized impurity scattering. Recent experimental and theoretical studies challenge this view and favor the grain boundary (GB) scattering mechanism. A reduction of GB scattering improves the low‐temperature performance of Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 alloys. However, it is still elusive how these metal additions reduce the GB resistivity. In this study, Nb‐free and Nb‐added Mg3Sb2 are studied through diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography. It is shown that Nb does not enter the Mg3Sb2 matrix and remains in the metallic state. Besides, Nb diffuses along the GB forming a wetting layer, which modifies the interfacial energy and accelerates grain growth. The GB resistivity appears to be reduced by Nb‐enrichment, as evidenced by modeling the electrical transport properties. This study not only confirms the GB scattering in Mg3Sb2 but also reveals the hitherto hidden role of metallic additives on enhancing grain growth and reducing the GB resistivity.
Reversible and Tunable Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility in PZT Thin Films for Integrated Optics
Authors: Feutmba Gilles F. , Hermans Artur , George John P. , Rijckaert Hannes , Ansari Irfan , Van Thourhout Dries , Beeckman Jeroen
Published: May 2021

Second‐order nonlinear optical processes enable a wide range of applications used in research and industry. The majority of available second‐order nonlinear devices however relies on bulk nonlinear crystals with low second‐order nonlinearity. By exploiting the advancements made in integrated optics, materials with large second‐order nonlinearity can enable efficient and small‐sized on‐chip nonlinear devices at low cost. Unfortunately, silicon and silicon nitride, mostly used for photonics integrated circuits exhibit negligible second‐order nonlinearity (χ(2)) and alternate materials have to be investigated. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films with high second‐order nonlinearity stand as a good candidate for on‐chip nonlinearity. An electric‐field induced tuning of χ(2) is demonstrated here in PZT thin films grown on glass substrates with a tuning efficiency of 3.35 pm V−2. Strong second‐harmonic generation is recorded and a very high dominant tensor component of 128 pm V−1 is reported. The χ(2) of the PZT thin films can be reversed by poling with a DC electric field at room temperature. This opens avenues for highly efficient and tunable on‐chip nonlinear devices.
Disordered Nanocomposite Islands for Nanospeckle Illumination Microscopy in Wide‐Field Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Yoo Hajun , Lee Hongki , Rhee Woo Joong , Moon Gwiyeong , Lee Changhun , Lee Seung Ah , Shin Jeon‐Soo , Kim Donghyun
Published: May 2021

Nanospeckle illumination microscopy (NanoSIM) based on disordered metallic nanocomposite island substrates is described. The nanoisland substrates can be fabricated without lithographic techniques. Azimuthal scanning illumination of nanoislands creates near‐field distribution that excites an arbitrary number of basis images to produce super‐resolution. Experimental studies of point‐spread images using NanoSIM with 360 basis images obtained by azimuthal scanning find spatial resolution improved by more than three times with an achievable full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum at 81.1 nm on average. The approach is confirmed by imaging aggregated nanobeads and nanoscale distribution of gangliosides on the HeLa cell membrane.