bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
External Challenges to Soviet Ideology in the Second Half of the 1960s and in the 1970s
Authors: Sinitsyn Fedor
Published: December 2021

The Soviet Union's foreign policy challenges of the 1960s and 1970s had an ideological aspect to them. Contradictions between Soviet Communism and Eastern European socialist models of development became more pronounced. Eastern European socialist countries began to emphasize the variety of models for “building socialism” and offered their own theories, not sanctioned by Moscow, of the construction of socialism in other European countries. Certain “ideological dangers” for the USSR also came from the Communist parties of capitalist countries. Authority of the Soviet Union and the CPSU among Western communists had declined. The weakening of the influence of Soviet ideology in the world had become evident. As a result, Western communists began to distance themselves from the USSR and the “Socialist Bloc” countries. In the post-war years, the authorities and the elites of the “Capitalist Bloc” countries took additional measures to reduce the popularity of the Communist ideology by promoting the idea of “social compromise instead of social revolution”. One of the most significant challenges to Soviet ideology was also the “convergence theory”. The socio-economic models developed in capitalist countries — especially the concept of the “welfare state” — presented another serious challenge. As a result of these trends and an increase in the standard of living in capitalist countries, there was a “de-ideologization” as well as a decrease in mass revolutionism of the population. The external challenges to Soviet ideology were regarded in Moscow with dismay. New ideological and socio-political concepts in capitalist countries were perceived negatively by the Kremlin. The external challenges had a negative impact on the mass consciousness of Soviet citizens. The article concludes that during the period under review, the challenges posed to Soviet ideology from abroad began to be complex. This article also gives classification of these challenges and reveals main ways of their manifestation.
The Present Opportunity for a Recovery of the Real Liberal International Order: the Liberal International Order and the Illiberalism
Authors: de'Robertis Antonio
Published: December 2021

The article examines the liberal international order, its evolution and decline, draws on opinions of critics, journalists, diplomats and scholars. The author analyzes the reasons and stages of the decline of traditional liberal order, as well as its transformation into neoliberal democracy. The presidencies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush stand out as a period in which the international order begins to change its nature. In addition, the article touches upon the consequences of hyper globalization in the context of the formation of neoliberal democracy. As a result of this analysis, the author raises the problem of not understanding the essence of illiberal democracies.
Robert Schumann — “Father of Europe”
Authors: Ardura Bernard
Published: December 2021

The article examines the main milestones in the biography of Robert Schumann, a prominent politician in post-war France, a member of several cabinets and an active supporter of Western European integration, who proclaimed a plan to unite the production of coal and steel (“The Schuman Declaration”, known as “Schumann Plan” in Russian historiography). His efforts to achieve historic reconciliation between France and Germany after the deep trauma inflicted by the two World Wars are underlined. Particular attention is paid to Schumann's Christian worldview and his ideas about Christian values that serve the common good and the cause of uniting Europe.
Alexander Chubaryan and the International Cooperation of Historians — a Tribute to the 90th Anniversary
Authors: Möller Horst
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the activities of Academician Alexander Chubaryan as a researcher, organizer of science, inspirer and participant in various forms of international collaboration of historians. It is shown that the problem of “Russia and Europe” has become a cross-cutting topic of Alexander Chubaryan's research over many decades of his fruitful scientific activity. An excursion into the history of scientific and cultural ties between Russia and other European countries, primarily Germany, is made. Special attention is paid to the activities of the Russian-German Commission of Historians, in particular, the publication on the initiative of Alexander Chubaryan of the textbook on Russian-German history.
Managing of Social Transformations in the Context of Globalization and Digitalization: a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Aleshkovski Ivan
Published: December 2021

This article is based on the data from an expert survey conducted as part of Lomonosov Moscow State University interdisciplinary research project “Management of social transformations in the context of global processes and problems”. The aim of the study was to identify the international expert community’s ideas of how it was possible to manage social transformations in the context of globalization. The experts of the survey were scholars from various countries, i. e., political scientists, sociologists, and economists, whose scientific interests encompass global governance studies. The experts assessed the effectiveness of today’s global governance institutions and the prospects for improving the mechanisms of global governance; they also expressed their views on the key global challenges facing humanity, and on possible scenarios for the development of globalization for the nearest decade. Proceeding from the expert survey, the authors made the following conclusions: most experts believe that the existing institutions of global governance are in a state of crisis and are unable to perform their functions in conditions of global macroeconomic and political instability; effective global management of social transformations is possible if the institutions of global civil society reflecting the interests and values of not only developed countries, but also the traditions and significant values of developing countries emerge and start working.
Transformation of the Political system and digital technologies in modern Russia
Authors: Bedenkova Anastasia
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of the main directions of the use of digital technologies that affect the transformation of the Russian political system. Two important aspects, such as the concept of e-government and the model of digitalization, are considered. The conclusion is made about the increasing importance of the development and use of digital technologies in the modern political process.
Dynamic Thresholds for a Reliable Diagnosis of Switched Systems
Authors: Abboudi Ayman , Belmajdoub Fouad
Published: December 2021

Safety, availability and reliability are the main concern of many industries. Thus, fault detection and isolation of industrial machines, which are in most cases switched systems, is a primary task in many companies. The presented paper proposes a new diagnostic approach for switched systems using two powerful tools: bond graph and observer. A diagnostic layer detects model errors using bond graph, and a smart algorithm identifies and locates faults using observer. Although observers serve as fault detectors, they also have their own errors caused by convergence delay of calculations; even in the case of no sensor defect, the residue does not converge to zero. In this paper, we propose a new method to solve this problem by integrating dynamic thresholds in the detection procedure, which helped to avoid false alarms and ensure a highly reliable diagnosis.
Consistency Checking of the IEC 61508 PFH Formulas and New Formulas Proposal Based on the Markovian Approach
Authors: Omeiri Hanane , Innal Fares , Liu Yiliu
Published: December 2021

Safety Instrumented Systems (SISs) are of prime importance in protecting people, assets and environment from hazardous events. Therefore, it is important to be able to assess accurately their performance indicators. For this end, IEC 61508 standard has provided two reliability metrics: the average failure probability of a SIS lowly demanded (PFDavg) and the average failure frequency of a SIS highly or continuously demanded (PFH). The aim of this paper is to investigate the IEC 61508 PFH formulas and to propose new ones based on the Markovian approach. Indeed, the new edition of IEC 61508 provides PFH formulas reflecting the possibility of automatic shutdown of the monitored process upon detection of a dangerous failure in the SIS. However, the IEC 61508 attempt remains incomplete and provide non-conservative results, which is dangerous from a safety point of view.
Interdiscourse as Inherent Characteristic of Institutional Discourse
(on the Example of Educational Discourse)
Authors: Gabets A. A.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the types of interaction of educational discourse with other types of institutional communication: political, economic and medical. The author studies how fragments of discourse function and form semantic potential in official styles of speech where interdiscourse is traditional and describes forms of discourse genre interference caused by global events of 2020: coronavirus epidemic, presidential election in the USA and others. In the article educational discourse is understood in its broad sense which allows to examine the periphery of discourse practice where communication of individuals of equal status and variety of functional styles are natural. The process of interference is studied on micro and meso levels of discourse where certain lexico-sematic fields, key-words, clichs which characterize professional genres of communication serve as markers of interdiscourse and on macro level where historical and social context is considered to define functional styles. Methods of descriptive, discourse and contextual analyses are implemented. The author draws the conclusion that on all levels of institutional interaction the elements of educational discourse are semiotic components of communication, can serve as means of representation of political, economic or medical discourse practice, have pragmatic potential and can be used in argumentative or informative speech strategies the choice of which depends on the type of discourse. On macro level elements of educational discourse often extend beyond specific concepts limited to professional subjects and the discourse itself becomes a part of a bigger subordinating discourse formation.
Typological originality of secondary dialects with the south Russian basis in the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Bazhenova T. E.
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the problem of the typology of dialects of the Middle Volga region. Particular attention is paid to secondary dialects with signs of South Russian dialect bases, the status of which in the Volga atlases is determined ambiguously. The area of the described dialect type is indicated. It is indicated that in the left-bank part of the Middle Volga region, in the so-called Trans-Volga region, there is a high probability of the existence of secondary Central Russian dialects with the preservation of signs of southern Russian maternal stems. The main source is data from regional atlases. The materials of dialectological expeditions to the villages of the Samara region are used. The description of the typological characteristics of the secondary dialects with a southern base, which are designated on the maps of regional atlases as Central Russian, is based on the analysis of isogloss of phonetic, grammatical and proper lexical dialect phenomena. In dialects with a completed transition to Central Russian, typologically significant South Russian features are types of yakany with the preservation of vowel dissimilation, obstruent pronunciation of g of secondary origin and other phonetic, morphological and lexical features that make up the series of two-term dialectal correspondences. According to the linguistic basis, such dialects are often polydialectal. In some dialects, the South Russian basis is not in doubt, and we can only state the beginning of the transition to the Central Russian type. The question is raised about the existence of secondary dialect types, formed as a result of the assimilation of dialects of the South Russian dialect with other dialects, not only in the Volga region, but also in other territories with favorable conditions for inter-dialectal contact. It is concluded that the presence of the Central Russian type and South Russian bases in the described dialects is possible only if there is a sufficient amount of information on typologically significant levels of the dialect language, in which systemic relations are clearly manifested and which are represented on linguistic maps by stable isoglosses. Data on secondary types of dialects should be based on the structural-typological classification of dialectal phenomena of various levels, including the lexical one.
Organization of economic activity of the Mari, Mordovia and Chuvash economic councils in the first year of their existence: successes and failures
Authors: Mineev A. I.
Published: December 2021

In the article, the author investigates the insufficiently studied topic of transformation of the organization of economic activity of the economic councils of individual territories at the suggestion of N.S. Khrushchev at the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1957 using comparative historical, quantitative methods, analysis and synthesis. As a result, on the basis of the adopted Law On the further improvement of the management of industry and construction, a territorial management system was created, suggesting that the management of industry and construction should be implemented on a territorial basis on the basis of economic administrative regions. Initially, 70 economic administrative regions were formed, including Chuvash, Mari and Mordovia, in each of which a Council of National Economy was created. The economic councils were state bodies for the management of enterprises, construction projects and organizations of the Union-republican industry located on the territory of the economic administrative region. The article defines the first results of the activity of the Union of National Economy of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash ASSR in 1957; the personnel situation, which has become one of the main problems in the development of economic councils, is presented; disclosed the main planned performance indicators of the SNKh, which, on the whole, received a satisfactory assessment. However, despite the positive growth of the main economic indicators, serious difficulties and miscalculations were observed in the work of the economic councils, which were indicated, among other things, by the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. On the basis of documents from the State Archives of the Russian Federation, regional archives and research literature, the author of the article highlighted the main successes and failures in the activities of the SNKh of the republics of the Middle Volga region. The author concluded that for the national regions, the period of activity of the economic councils was a breakthrough in the national economic complex. The Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash economic councils have done significant work to develop the industry in the peripheral regions of the country, significantly enlarging the existing ones and building new powerful and promising enterprises.
D. Chalmers and J. Perry on Zombie Problem and the Content of Phenomenal Concepts
Authors: Moiseeva Anna Yu.
Published: December 2021

David Chalmers and John Perry both construe phenomenal concepts as irreducible to descriptive concepts of physical properties or properties, which logically supervene on them. But they draw different conclusions from this point. D. Chalmers in The Conscious Mind argues that the epistemic gap between phenomenal and physical properties shows that the former cannot be ontologically identified with the latter. J. Perry in Knowledge, Possibility and Consciousness claims that we can identify phenomenal properties with physical ones without being committed to reductionism. In this paper I am going to examine Chalmers and Perrys views on meaning and necessity, especially with respect to identity statements, in order to find where exactly their ways of thinking about the content of phenomenal concepts.
Media formats of post-drama theater
Authors: Boldyreva Tatyana V.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the question of the existence of post-dramatic performances in the modern media environment, in particular, the media formats of site-specific performances are studied. The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanisms of interactivity, performativity and immersiveness in the media formats of post-drama theater. The article raises the question regarding the meaning of the media format concept used in media studies in its connection with theatrical practices. The basic components of the concept of media format are the technical characteristics and focus on the target public. The chosen methodology allows us to characterize the technical capabilities of modern media formats for creating the effects of performativity, interactivity and immersiveness. The empirical basis of the research is the podcast The Theater of Everyday Life. Site-Specific Performances for Everyday Places and Routes in the mobile application Yandex Music and performances in the application Mobile Art Theater. The article draws conclusions concerning the influence of technical and verbal means of interaction used in mobile applications and in VR performances on the emergence of the effects of performativity and immersiveness in the minds of the audience. It is pointed out that the mechanics of the performances under consideration are connected with the concepts of A. Artaud and H.-T. Lehman, in particular, draw a conclusion about the role of the audience in such performances.
Visual syntax in social media
Authors: Bylieva Daria S.
Published: December 2021

Modern technologies have fundamentally changed the sphere of communication. One of the interesting social media characteristics is the prevalence of the visual transmission mode. Regardless of the fact that photo-rhetoric in social networks usually lacks complexity and is often limited to the statement of facts, there exist more complex forms of visual syntax. The article analyses the options for creating a twofold semantic conception of images, enabling communication to expand temporally. Moreover, there have been demonstrated the visual metaphors in social networks as exemplified by 2020 gestalt.
Historiography of Arabic influences on Mozarabic: theory and history (711–1492)
Authors: Khosueva Sofia
Published: December 2021

The present research focuses on the historiographic aspect of Arabic influence on Mozarabic between 711 and 1492. Among the goals of the present research, we cannot but mention: 1) consideration of the most explored issues in Mozarabic studies; 2) identification of the research centers and names related to Mozarabic studies; 3) systematization of contents of the most significant works and research papers on the above-mentioned topic; 4) review of the language contacts that have taken place during the selected period as reflected in the accessible literature. The studies of this topic are far from being numerous while the trace of medieval Arab Spain remains visible by now in a variety of forms that make the chosen topic relevant. Regarding the outcomes of the work, it has been shown that the problem under analysis is not among the most researched ones; geographically it is mostly connected with Spain; the suggested works of scholars have some noticeable drawbacks and, lastly, the sphere of language contact being applied to the issue is underdeveloped and can be viewed via or on the level of three dimensions: 1) phonetical; 2) lexical and 3) graphical.
АНАЛІЗ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО FINTECH РИНКУ
Authors: Вагнер Ірина , Кундря-Висоцька Оксана , Демко Ірина
Published: December 2021

Анотація. Одним із багатообіцяючих напрямів економічного зростання суб’єктів підприємництва є їх-ній інноваційний розвиток. Двадцять перше століття знаменується розвитком не лише науки і техніки,а й появою та зростанням обсягів ринку FinTech послуг. Поштовх до глобальних змін на ринку фінансо-вих послуг спричинила світова фінансова кризи 2008 року за рахунок розповсюдження цифрових тех-нологій, скорочення довіри до звичних фінансових посередників у посткризовий період та зміни пріоритетівклієнтів щодо швидкості, доступності і зручності одержання фінансових послуг. Тому сучасніумови визначають актуальність дослідження ринку фінансових послуг з урахуванням появи FinTechінновацій.Метою дослідження є узагальнення теоретичних засад формування і розроблення рекомендаційщодо впливу FinTech інновацій на розвиток вітчизняних та іноземних підприємств в умовах глобалі-зації.Наукове дослідження було спрямоване на аналіз історії розвитку і ключових факторів, які вплинулина становлення FinTech ринку.Використано результати масштабного опитуванням понад 22 000 користувачів Інтернету у 20 країнахсвіту, проведеного 2017 року компанією «Ernst & Young». Відповідно до опитування було з’ясовано, щопонад 33 % опитаних є активними користувачами FinTech послуг, це дало змогу проаналізувати етапистановлення FinTech ринку до нинішнього дня.Проведено дослідження щодо впливу пандемії COVID-19 на зростання FinTech ринку у світі та здійсненоаналіз основних тенде нцій розвитку і популяризації глобального FinTech ринку в першому квар-талі 2021 рокуВиокремлено основні тренди розвитку FinTech ринку в Україні та світі на період 2021—2023 рр.Суттєве зростання інвестицій у FinTech ринок і глобалізація процесів у галузі: злиття, об’єднанняв екосистему й асиміляція ноу-хау в традиційний банкінг дають можливість зробити висновки проте, що сучасне покоління клієнтів продовжує уникати традиційних фінансових інститутів або відмовляєтьсявід них на користь цілком цифрових банків і вбудованих фінансових послуг. У відповідь тради-ційні фінансові установи намагаються конкурувати, збільшуючи темпи інновацій і цифровізації різни-ми способами, що триватиме й у 2021—2023 роках. Ураховуючи всі ці процеси, незворотним є прирісткількості інвестицій у фінансово-технічний сектор і стрімке зростання цього сегмента, що, у свою чергу,потребує подальшого ґрунтовного дослідження.Ключові слова: FinTech ринок, цифрові платежі, інвестиції, мега-раунди, Blockchain, D2С (direct toclient), Insurtech прискорення, Regtech.Формул: 0, рис.: 1; табл.: 3; бібл.: 19.
АНАЛІЗ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ПДВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Сєрбін Вадим
Published: December 2021

Анотація. Незалежність України, що стала позитивним чинником розвитку демократичних тенденційнашої країни, суттєво змінила економічний сектор держави, який усе ще перебуває у стані пошуку тареформування. У цьому контексті особливо помітним є розв’язання проблеми вдосконалення подат-кової системи, оскільки стара модель планової економiки була неприйнятною, а економічний векторзмінився від командування до маркетизації, де активно впроваджуються міжнародні стандарти облікута оподаткування. Водночас сьогодні актуальним завданням еволюції податкової системи все ще зали-шається забезпечення її стабільності та легкої корекції, що, у свою чергу, має призвести до деяких по-зитивних факторів: збільшення надходжень до бюджету, удосконалення механізмів збору та управлінняподатком на додану вартість.Розглядається природа і сучасний стан податку на додану вартість в Україні та світі. Установлено,що податок на додану вартість є одним із найважливіших податків. Визначено основні положення за-конодавства, що стосуються функції податку на додану вартість, та основні питання, пов’язані зі збо-ром та адмініструванням податків. Зазначено, що різні ланки реформи податку на додану вартістьвзаємопов’язані, а наявні методи недостатньо ефективні. Як результат — основними проблемами су-часного управління податком на додану вартість є недооцінка економічних складових податкової систе-ми, складних механізмів і непрозорих платіжних систем, які створюють передумови для недостатньогофінансування країни та сприяють корупції.Чітко окреслено і запропоновано можливість і напрям реформування ПДВ в Україні. Серед основнихшляхів реформування ПДВ надано особливу увагу питанням щодо зменшення ставки податку на до-дану вартість, що має призвести до зниження внутрішніх цін на продукцію та зростання попиту; спро-щенню правил збору і сплати ПДВ, що, у свою чергу, допоможе розв’язати проблеми адмініструванняПДВ. У результаті — суб’єкти господарювання отримають додаткові кошти, які наразі вони змушенівикористовувати для залучення додаткових спеціалістів у юридичних і фінансових сферах, перевірок,судових зборів, зборів фіскальних органів тощо. Вивільнені ресурси (і відповідні кошти) підвищатьприбутковість компаній і можуть бути використані для подальшого розвитку конкретних організацій,що, у свою чергу, збільшить їхню прибутковість, а отже, і збільшення надходжень за рахунок податку надодану вартість.Ключові слова: податок на додану вартість, ПДВ, державний бюджет, адміністрування, непрямі подат-ки, реформування.Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 1; бібл.: 9.
Instructional Leadership Practices of Principals at Public Elementary Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Dania Rosa , Andriani Dwi Esti
Published: December 2021

For more than thirty years, instructional leadership has been considered an effective school leadership model for improving student achievement. This study aimed to investigate the instructional leadership practices of Indonesian school principals and the obstacles that they face. In this study, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three principals of public elementary schools located in Bandung. An audit trail and member checks were applied to ensure the quality of the collected data. The results showed that the three principals shared the instructional leadership role, particularly in performing supervision responsibilities. Despite this practice, the principals found it difficult to perform instructional leadership due to time contraints. Also, they lacked support from student parents, which made it difficult to improve student achievement. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the instructional leadership of principals should involve parents more in student learning.
Keywords: school principal, principals’ leadership, instructional leadership
Implementation of Distance Learning Based on Problem-Based Learning to Increase Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Kuntari Septi , Setiawan Rizki , Lindawati Yustika Irfani
Published: December 2021

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a learning model that requires the active participation of each individual, who in the learning process all help to determine the subject matter. The PBL model can foster students’ critical thinking skills through solving various real-world problems found in the environment where they live. This research aimed to improve students’ critical thinking skills through PBL-based online learning. Quantitative experimental methods were used. A one group pretest-posttest design was employed: a preliminary test (pretest) was carried out, followed by the treatment, and finally the final test (posttest). There were two experimental groups: A and B. The results showed that students’ critical thinking skills increased in both group A and group B and this change was significant, as measured through a t-test (p < 0.05 in both groups).
Keywords: distance learning; problem-based learning; critical thinking skills; sociology of education.
The Integration of ICT in Generation Z's Learning Culture: A Study on Indonesian Students
Authors: Muhtadi Ali , Haryanto Haryanto , Miyarso Estu , Emilda Artha Lia
Published: December 2021

The development of information communication technology (ICT) has changed the way of life in twenty-first-century society. It also affects the lives of students who are currently known as generation Z, including their learning culture. This study aimed to find out and describe how generation Z students utilize ICT in their learning culture. One hundred and twenty-two students in the first and third year at Yogyakarta State University participated in an online survey using Google Forms. The data were collected using a five point-Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed with quantitative descriptive methods. The results showed that most generation Z students were familiar with using ICT to support their learning activities, such as using social media, online communication platforms, web browsers, and instructional videos. The average total score obtained from the questionnaire was 3.15, which was in the fair category. But, even though the students had access to adequate ICT tools, they stated that they still need face-to-face learning activities. More than 85% of students revealed that they were well-equipped with the proper electronic devices that support learning activities and had adequate abilities to utilize them.
Keywords: student learning culture, generation Z student, ICT integration
The Development of Sewing Board Media to Optimize the Fine Motor Abilities of Students with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Wardhani Rr. Dina Kusuma , Rusmono Rusmono , Wuryani Wuryani
Published: December 2021

Disability can be classified into two types, namely disorders of the function of the orthopedic limb (orthopedic disability) and disorders of the function of the nerve (neurological disability). The purpose of this study was to optimize the fine motor skills of students with cerebral palsy at TKLB SLB D YPAC, South Jakarta, through sewing board media. In this study, the ADDIE Approach (Analysis-Design-Develop-ImplementEvaluate) was used. The sewing board media developed in this study were shown to be effective and can be used in optimizing the fine motor skills of students with cerebral palsy.
Keywords: children with special needs, cerebral palsy, fine motor, sewing board media
Time Management and Procrastination During Online Learning
Authors: Sepriana Rina , Sefriani Rini , Jafnihirda Lika
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to determine the relationship between students’ time management and delays in doing academic assignments while learning online at the Faculty for Teacher Training and Education. This was a quantitative study. The population was students of FKIP UPI YPTK Padang, the Department of Informatics Engineering and of English Education. Purposive sampling was used, with a focus on students who are accustomed to doing online lectures with the Learning Management System (LMS) application in the form of Edmodo and Schoology applications. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed online via Google Forms. The results showed that the correlation between time management and postponement of academic assignments was 0.6546, which meant that time management had a moderate correlation with academic procrastination. Thus, it can be concluded that students learning online may experience conditions that are less stable for managing their time to work on academic assignments.
Keywords: online learning, time management, academic procrastination
Learning Innovations and Strengthening Student Character Through Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ilham Muhammad , Wibowo Udik Budi
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on Indonesia’s education system. Learning has had to be conducted remotely to prevent students from contracting COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the innovations implemented by teachers so that learning could continue and to find out how student character can be strengthened through distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative approach was taken, using a case study design. Data were collected through interviews with informants. The results showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, learning was carried out in online networks by utilizing technology. ZOOM and WhatsApp were the applications most often used in the learning process. It was also found that the character of students can be strengthened through distance learning. For example, some teachers suggested that students pray together with their close family and other relatives. Teachers also encouraged students to help with the house chores of the family.
Keywords: pandemic, COVID-19, learning, innovation, technology, character, students
Teachers' Difficulties in Developing Learning Resources
Authors: Wahyuningsih Dian , Wahyono Sugeng Bayu , Nugroho Ariyawan Agung
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to identify the main problems faced by teachers in developing learning resources, and to provide recommendations for these problems. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. This study’s paticipants were recruited randomly, and included 55 teachers of SMP, SMA, and SLB. Data were collected through an online survey with a digital questionnaire instrument. Data analysis was carried out through three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that there are three main problems that teachers face in developing learning resources: 1) the technical ability to use tools and devices to create digital learning resources; 2) the strategy of organizing learning materials to be applied to learning resources; and 3) the lack of skills in managing learning materials to be applied to digital learning resources. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers collaborate with educational technologists who are masters of learning resource development.
Keywords: teachers’ difficulties, learning resources, instructional strategy
Knowledge of Sports Teachers in a Rhythmic Gymnastics Training Program
Authors: Wahyuniati Christina Fajar Sri , Hidayatullah Furqan , Purnama Sapta Kunta , Siswanyoto Siswanyoto
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to examine the level of knowledge of sports teachers in the rhythmic gymnastics training program in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This was descriptive research and data were collected through a questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used and the sample size was 24. Data were analyzed though descriptive statistics. The results showed that the level of knowledge of sports teachers in the rhythmic gymnastics training program were as follows: 54.2% in the top level (excellent), 41.7% in the second level, 4.2 % in the third level, and 0% in the bottom level. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of these sports teachers is acceptable.
Keywords: sports teachers, coaches, rhythmic gymnastics, training program
Benefits of New Principal Preparation Program in Indonesia
Authors: Andriani Dwi Esti
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to examine the benefits of a new principal preparation program (PPP) in Indonesia in this decentralization era. A qualitative interpretive approach was employed. The participants consisted of eight principals of public schools in Yogyakarta who graduated from the new PPP. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and document analysis. Data were then analyzed using the grounded theory method which included open coding and analytic induction. The trustworthiness criteria were used to ensure the quality of the data. The findings showed that the principals who graduated from the PPP felt the benefits of the recruitment and selection system which was standardized and rigorous. Also, the training for the prospective principals helped them to develop their managerial competencies, leadership skills, and self-confidence.
Keywords: principal preparation program, school principal
The Influence of Strategic Enrolment Management and Other Factors on the Competence of B.Ed. Graduates
Authors: Surya Priadi
Published: December 2021

The first part of this study consisted of a qualitative literature review to determine which variables other than strategic enrolment management might affect the competence of B.Ed. graduates. It was found that other factors might include teacher archetype, motivation to become a teacher, career planning and professional identity. This study presented the constructed operational definitions of each of the variables and the proposed structural relationships between them. In the second part, a quantitative approach was used and data were collected through a questionnaire. It is recommended that additional qualitative research is conducted to complement the findings of this study.
Keywords: strategic enrolment management, teacher education, student teacher, teacher archetype, teacher competence
Efforts to Improve Students' Self-Acceptance Through Group Guidance
Authors: Mutiara Ade Ratna , Astuti Budi
Published: December 2021

It is important for students’ self-acceptance to be improved, and for guidance and counseling services in formal education to be provided according to needs, such as self-acceptance. This study aimed to determine whether group guidance can help to increase students’ self-acceptance. Data were collected through a Likert scale and through interviews with guidance and counseling teachers. The research subjects were eleventh-grade students of State Senior High School 11 in Yogyakarta. A quantitative approach was taken and data were analyzed through Wilcoxon tests. The results showed that there were differences before and after students were given group guidance services and this was statistically significant (0.028 < 0.05). We conclude that student self-acceptance can be increased through group guidance services.
Keywords: self-acceptance, group guidance, students
The Influence of Single Parent Parenting in Forming Early Childhood Independence
Authors: Yanuarsari Revita , Suhendraya Muchtar Hendi , Sintiawati Nani
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of single parent parenting in shaping early childhood independence. This research used a qualitative approach through a case study, and data were collected through interviews, observation and documentation analysis. The results showed that single parent parenting affected the formation of early childhood independence. According to the results, children who were cared for in democratic parenting tended to have an independent attitude, be responsible, have the courage to take risks, and could develop self-confidence, demonstrate learning achievement and develop their potential. Meanwhile, children who were cared for with permissive parenting tended to be less independent, slower, have low motivation, and lack self-control and confidence.
Keywords: parenting, single parents, independence, early childhood
Development of an Enrichment Book of Colloid Industry Products as a Source of Literacy for Senior High School Students
Authors: Dewi Nurlaila Kurnia , Sulistyo Arty Indyah
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to develop an enrichment book of colloid industry products as a source of literacy and to determine the quality of this book. The approach used in this study was Design-Based Research, which included four phases of development: 1) a questionnaire about needs was filled in by 5 teachers and 83 students; 2) the book was developed using CorelDraw X8 software and a literature search was conducted of online articles, journals and other supporting books; 3) cycles of testing were conducted, in which three experts and three peer reviewers assessed the book, and several revisions were produced; and 4) reflection and final evaluation were conducted, in which 5 teachers and 20 students from SMA N 2 Sleman, SMA N 2 Yogyakarta, SMA 1 Tempel, and MAN 3 Sleman assessed the substance, presentation, language and graphics of the book. Through this process, an enrichment book of colloidal industry products titled “Proses Pembuatan Koloid di Industri untuk SMA/MA Kelas XI” was produced. The book received a score 62.8 out of a maximum score of 70, which corresponded to a rating of ‘very good quality’.
Keywords: colloid, literacy, enrichment book
Development of Online Exam Questions for Javanese Language Subjects with a Cultural Responsive Assessment Approach
Authors: Pudjastawa Astrid Wangsagrindra , Cantika Varary Mechwafanitara , Dwijonagoro Suwarna
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to develop web-based Javanese school exam questions using the East Javanese language and emphasizing cultural questions as a form of culturally responsive assessment. This study used the Borg & Gall model development method, which included three steps: the conceptual model, the hypothetical model, and the empirical model. Good scores were obtained from the questionnaire instrument for practitioners. The results of the small group test showed that the mean score of SMKN 3 Malang students in the post-test was 12.11 (19.86%) higher than in the pre-test. The field test of students resulted in a mean of B (good). The form and content of the questions developed in this study can be used as a guideline for other schools in the area, or for other environments that have a similar language and culture.
Keywords: online exam, assesment, Javanese language
An Analysis of Individual Counseling with Rational Emotive Therapy Used With a Student With Low Self-Confidence
Authors: Erganila Tiara , Suwarjo Suwarjo
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to implement and describe individual counseling services with rational emotive therapy used with a student at Al Azhar Junior High School in Yogyakarta named “FS” who experienced low self-esteem. A qualitative descriptive approach was used with a single participant. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and triangulation. The results showed that after being treated with a process of individual counseling using rational emotive therapy, there was an improvement in the behavior of student “FS” who become more confident. This increase was seen when researchers carried out direct observations of “FS” in class after one week of the counseling process; information was also obtained from the counseling teacher and classmates of “FS” who observed that “FS” started to participate in group work, ask for help from other classmates, and try to familiarize themself with friends in class. Therefore, it can be concluded that individual counseling using rational emotive therapy can be utilized for students with low self-confidence at Al Azhar Junior High School in Yogyakarta.
Keywords: individual counseling, rational emotive, self-confidence
The Socratic Method and Opportunities for Its Application by Middle School Counselors to Increase Awareness About Bullying
Authors: Rahmawati Dila , Suwarjo Suwarjo
Published: December 2021

The Socratic method is one of many methods used in counseling guidance services. The simple Socratic method can be applied by counselors to reduce bullying. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high school counselors in Yogyakarta Province recognize the Socratic method and whether there is an opportunity for this method to be applied to increase the awareness of students about bullying. A qualitative research approach was used, with a focus on phenomenology. The data were collected using an open questionnaire. The subjects consisted of 19 counselors from 15 secondary schools in the Yogyakarta Province who were selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out based on the guidance of Narbuko and Achmadi; this process consisted of three steps, namely editing, coding, and tabulation. The results showed that there was a substantial opportunity for the Socratic method to be applied by secondary school counselors in Yogyakarta Province to increase students’ awareness about bullying. This was evidenced by: 1) bullying continued to occur among middle school students, even though the counselors had used various methods and services to discuss bullying; 2) only a small number of school counselors had received information about the Socratic method, but the procedure for implementing the Socratic method was considered simple; and 3) all counselors stated that guidance on implementing the Socratic method was necessary and were enthusiastic about applying the Socratic method in an effort to increase students’ awareness about bullying
Keywords: Socratic method, opportunity, anti-bullying awareness
İdeolojinin Coğrafi Tezahürü: Ērān Ud Anērān
Authors: YÜCEL Muhammet
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, Sasani imparatorluk ideolojisi ve propagandası ile imparatorluğun merkezi coğrafyası arasında kurgulanan bağ tarif edilmekte ve bunun devlet sistemi kurgusunda dönüşüm ve sürekliliğe ne ölçüde etki ettiği ve bu dinamik sürecin hangi argümanlarla beslendiği ele alınmaktadır. Sasani imparatorluğu sadece rakiplerine karşı değil aynı zamanda kendi tebaasından farklı dini ve etnik zümrelerin aleyhine de ideolojik bir yaklaşım benimsemişti. Önce siyasi ve askeri kazanımlar elde ederek İran’da yegâne güç oldular daha sonra bu kazanımları din, tarih ve gelenekle takviye ettiler. Hem hanedanın kendisi hem de hanedanın hükmettiği coğrafya dini ve kültürel olarak kutsandı ve bunlardan birinin varlığı diğerinin mevcudiyetine zorunlu olarak bağlandı. Böylece Ērān, Ērānšahr ve Ērān ud anērān kavramları kurulan sistemin adı ve temsili oldu. Bu çalışmada Ērān kavramının ilk defa ne zaman kullanıldığıyla ilgili yeni bir öneri getirilmekte ve Ērānšahr “İran imparatorluğu” ve Ērān ud anērān “İraniler ve gayr-ı İraniler” gibi coğrafi ve tarihsel kavramların ne tür ideolojik saikler etrafında şekillendiği tartışılmaktadır.
Modern Intentions in Lesia Ukrainka’s Drama Cassandra
Authors: Pastukh Taras
Published: December 2021

In her drama Cassandra (1903–1907) Lesia Ukrainka pays considerable attention to language and demonstrates its two defi ning forms and functional paradigms. One of them is language that appeals to the essential components of being. It is language that refl ects human existence in all its acuity and fullness of appearance. This language is complex and diffi cult to understand, but is the only real language of the age of modernism. Another language is superfi cial, appealing not to the depths of life and universal categories, but to temporary human needs and aspirations. Its task is to identify the ways and means of achieving a desired goal. Such language is manipulative, because its speakers tend to hide their personal interests under claims of the common good. Also, in the drama, Lesia Ukrainka innovatively raises a number of questions related to the internal laws of world development, the processes of human cognition, the functioning of language, and the understanding and interpretation of the word. The formulation and presentation of these issues demonstrate the clear modern attitude that the writer professed and embodied in her drama.
The Stone Host, Lesia Ukrainka’s “Spanish” Play
Authors: Pronkevich Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The article provides an analysis of the “Spanish code” inscribed in the text of Lesia Ukrainka’s drama Kaminnyi hospodar (The Stone Host). The constituents of the code include: 1) conventions of 17th century Spanish baroque drama, in particular, use of the dialectics of the concepts of dignity and reputation as a driving mechanism for confl ict throughout Lesia Ukrainka’s play and transformation within the classical scheme of characters suggested by Lope de Vega and his followers; 2) stereotypes of “Spanishness” through which the playwright produced a heteroimage of Spain. Lesia Ukrainka’s variant of the famous legend of Don Juan is a sophisticated modernist drama. The “Spanish code” serves as a prism through which the playwright examines the world. Lesia Ukrainka created an astonishing modernist tragicomedy of dishonesty, full of the spirit of uncertainty.