bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal tunable silicon valley photonic crystal ring resonators at the telecommunication wavelength
Authors: Kang Lijuan , Fei Hongming , Lin Han , Wu Min , Wang Xiaorong , Zhang Mingda , Liu Xin , Sun Fei , Chen Zhihui
Published: November 2022

Tunable ring resonators are essential devices in integrated circuits. Compared to conventional ring resonators, valley photonic crystal (VPC) ring resonators have a compact design and high quality factor (Q-factor), attracting broad attention. However, tunable VPC ring resonators haven't been demonstrated. Here we theoretically demonstrate the first tunable VPC ring resonator in the telecommunication wavelength region, the resonance peaks of which are tuned by controlling the temperature based on the thermal-optic effect of silicon. The design is ultracompact (12.05 µm by 10.44 µm), with a high Q-factor of 1281.00. By tuning the temperature from 100 K to 750 K, the phase modulation can reach 7.70 π, and the adjustment efficiency is 0.062 nm/K. Since thermal tuning has been broadly applied in silicon photonics, our design can be readily applied in integrated photonic circuits and will find broad applications. Furthermore, our work opens new possibilities and deepens the understanding of designing novel tunable VPC photonic devices.
DiffuserSpec: spectroscopy with Scotch tape
Authors: Malone Joseph D. , Aggarwal Neerja , Waller Laura , Bowden Audrey K.
Published: November 2022

Computational spectroscopy breaks the inherent one-to-one spatial-to-spectral pixel mapping of traditional spectrometers by multiplexing spectral data over a given sensor region. Most computational spectrometers require components that are complex to design, fabricate, or both. DiffuserSpec is a simple computational spectrometer that uses the inherent spectral dispersion of commercially available diffusers to generate speckle patterns that are unique to each wavelength. Using Scotch tape as a diffuser, we demonstrate narrowband and broadband spectral reconstructions with 2-nm spectral resolution over an 85-nm bandwidth in the near-infrared, limited only by the bandwidth of the calibration dataset. We also investigate the effect of spatial sub-sampling of the 2D speckle pattern on resolution performance.
Subharmonic instabilities in Kerr microcombs
Authors: Lin Guoping , Liu Fengyu , Coillet Aurélien , Gomila Damià , Menyuk Curtis R. , Chembo Yanne K.
Published: November 2022

We report experimental observation of subharmonic mode excitation in primary Kerr optical frequency combs generated using crystalline whispering-gallery mode resonators. We show that the subcombs can be controlled and span a single or multiple free spectral ranges around the primary comb modes. In the spatial domain, the resulting multiscale combs correspond to an amplitude modulation of intracavity roll patterns. We perform a theoretical analysis based on eigenvalue decomposition that evidences the mechanism leading to the excitation of these combs.
Coded aperture compressive temporal imaging using complementary codes and untrained neural networks for high-quality reconstruction
Authors: Qiao Mu , Yuan Xin
Published: November 2022

The coded aperture compressive temporal imaging (CACTI) modality is
capable of capturing dynamic scenes with only a single-shot of a 2D
detector. In this Letter, we present a specifically designed CACTI
system to boost the reconstruction quality. Our design is twofold: for
the optical encoder, we use complementary codes instead of random ones
as widely adopted before; for the reconstruction algorithm, an
untrained neural network-based algorithm is developed. Experimental
and simulation tests show that such co-design of encoding-decoding
produces superior image quality over other CACTI schemes using random
codes and other optimization algorithms. In addition, a dual-prism
design in the optical system improves the light efficiency by
approximately a factor of four compared with previous systems.
Femtosecond laser direct writing multilayer chiral waveplates with minimal linear birefringence
Authors: Lu Jiafeng , Garcia-Caurel Enrique , Ossikovski Razvigor , Courvoisier Francois , Zeng Xianglong , Poumellec Bertrand , Lancry Matthieu
Published: November 2022

Chirality transfer from femtosecond laser direct writing in achiral transparent materials mainly originates from the interplay between anisotropic nanogratings and mechanical stress with non-parallel and non-perpendicular (oblique) neutral axes. Yet, the laser fabrication simultaneously induces non-negligible linear birefringence. For precise manipulation of circular polarization properties, as well as to unlock the full functionality, we report here a geometry-inspired multilayer method for direct writing of chiral waveplates with minimal linear birefringence. We perform a theoretical analysis of both circular and linear properties response for different multilayer configurations and achieve strong circular birefringence of up to −2.25 rad with an extinction ratio of circular birefringence to total linear birefringence of up to 5.5 dB at 550 nm. Our strategy enables the precise control of circular properties and provides a facile platform for chiral device exploration with almost no linear property existence.
A single N6-methyladenosine site regulates lncRNA HOTAIR function in breast cancer cells
Authors: Porman Allison M. , Roberts Justin T. , Duncan Emily D. , Chrupcala Madeline L. , Levine Ariel A. , Kennedy Michelle A. , Williams Michelle M. , Richer Jennifer K. , Johnson Aaron M.
Published: November 2022

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA regulates normal and cancer biology, but knowledge of its function on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) remains limited. Here, we reveal that m6A regulates the breast cancer-associated human lncRNA HOTAIR. Mapping m6A in breast cancer cell lines, we identify multiple m6A sites on HOTAIR, with 1 single consistently methylated site (A783) that is critical for HOTAIR-driven proliferation and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Methylated A783 interacts with the m6A “reader” YTHDC1, promoting chromatin association of HOTAIR, proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells, and gene repression. A783U mutant HOTAIR induces a unique antitumor gene expression profile and displays loss-of-function and antimorph behaviors by impairing and, in some cases, causing opposite gene expression changes induced by wild-type (WT) HOTAIR. Our work demonstrates how modification of 1 base in an lncRNA can elicit a distinct gene regulation mechanism and drive cancer-associated phenotypes.
The geometry of representational drift in natural and artificial neural networks
Authors: Aitken Kyle , Garrett Marina , Olsen Shawn , Mihalas Stefan
Published: November 2022

Neurons in sensory areas encode/represent stimuli. Surprisingly, recent studies have suggested that, even during persistent performance, these representations are not stable and change over the course of days and weeks. We examine stimulus representations from fluorescence recordings across hundreds of neurons in the visual cortex using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and we corroborate previous studies finding that such representations change as experimental trials are repeated across days. This phenomenon has been termed “representational drift”. In this study we geometrically characterize the properties of representational drift in the primary visual cortex of mice in two open datasets from the Allen Institute and propose a potential mechanism behind such drift. We observe representational drift both for passively presented stimuli, as well as for stimuli which are behaviorally relevant. Across experiments, the drift differs from in-session variance and most often occurs along directions that have the most in-class variance, leading to a significant turnover in the neurons used for a given representation. Interestingly, despite this significant change due to drift, linear classifiers trained to distinguish neuronal representations show little to no degradation in performance across days. The features we observe in the neural data are similar to properties of artificial neural networks where representations are updated by continual learning in the presence of dropout, i.e. a random masking of nodes/weights, but not other types of noise. Therefore, we conclude that a potential reason for the representational drift in biological networks is driven by an underlying dropout-like noise while continuously learning and that such a mechanism may be computational advantageous for the brain in the same way it is for artificial neural networks, e.g. preventing overfitting.
Efficient inference and identifiability analysis for differential equation models with random parameters
Authors: Browning Alexander P. , Drovandi Christopher , Turner Ian W. , Jenner Adrianne L. , Simpson Matthew J.
Published: November 2022

Heterogeneity is a dominant factor in the behaviour of many biological processes. Despite this, it is common for mathematical and statistical analyses to ignore biological heterogeneity as a source of variability in experimental data. Therefore, methods for exploring the identifiability of models that explicitly incorporate heterogeneity through variability in model parameters are relatively underdeveloped. We develop a new likelihood-based framework, based on moment matching, for inference and identifiability analysis of differential equation models that capture biological heterogeneity through parameters that vary according to probability distributions. As our novel method is based on an approximate likelihood function, it is highly flexible; we demonstrate identifiability analysis using both a frequentist approach based on profile likelihood, and a Bayesian approach based on Markov-chain Monte Carlo. Through three case studies, we demonstrate our method by providing a didactic guide to inference and identifiability analysis of hyperparameters that relate to the statistical moments of model parameters from independent observed data. Our approach has a computational cost comparable to analysis of models that neglect heterogeneity, a significant improvement over many existing alternatives. We demonstrate how analysis of random parameter models can aid better understanding of the sources of heterogeneity from biological data.
Status of post-lockdown mental well-being in Bangladeshi adults: A survey amidst COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ali Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Lockdown has been recognized as a gold standard measure to limit COVID-19 infection among the general population; however, it has a deleterious impact on their mental well-being. Many studies measured the mental well-being of different population groups during the lockdown period. Nonetheless, very little is known about the mental well-being of the general population when the lockdown has been relaxed or withdrawn in a particular country. Our study aimed to measure the mental well-being of the general population when the lockdown was lifted in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, using both web-based data collection and in-person interview facilities. Data from 3035 general Bangladeshi aged 18 and above were analyzed. Mental well-being was measured using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) (Registration ID: 518226001). A multivariable linear regression model was employed to find the influential variables after controlling the confounders. The mean well-being score was 43.66. Well-being score was significantly lower among women (slope -2.171, p = <0.001), low-educated (slope -2.485, p = 0.018), and currently not working (slope -2.263, p = <0.001) population. However, we found significantly higher mental well-being scores among those with no comorbidity (slope 3.436, p = <0.001). Though the withdrawal of the lockdown improved the overall mental well-being of the general population, women, low-educated, not working, and the comorbid population were still suffering from low mental well-being problems. Special attention is recommended to address the vulnerable population when discussing the mental health of adult Bangladeshi during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) seroprevalence in the South Pacific populations of the Cook Islands and Vanuatu with associated environmental and social factors
Authors: Saretzki Charlotte E. B. , Dobler Gerhard , Iro Elisabeth , May Yin , Tou Douglas , Lockington Eteta , Ala Michael , Heussen Nicole , Phiri Bruno S. J. , Küpper Thomas
Published: November 2022

Background

Arthropod-borne diseases pose a significant and increasing risk to global health. Given its rapid dissemination, causing large-scale outbreaks with severe human infections and economic loss, the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the most important arboviruses worldwide. Despite its significance, the real global impact of CHIKV remains underestimated as outbreak data are often incomplete and based solely on syndromic surveillance. During 2011–2016, the South Pacific Region was severely affected by several CHIKV-epidemics, yet the area is still underrepresented in arboviral research.

Methods

465 outpatient serum samples collected between 08/2016 and 04/2017 on three islands of the island states Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo) and the Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Aitutaki) were tested for anti-CHIKV specific antibodies using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assays.

Results

A total of 30% (Cook Islands) and 8% (Vanuatu) of specimens were found positive for anti-CHIKV specific antibodies with major variations in national and intranational immunity levels. Seroprevalence throughout all age groups was relatively constant. Four potential outbreak-protective factors were identified by comparing the different study settings: presence of Ae. albopictus (in absence of ECSA E1-A226V-mutation CHIKV), as well as low levels of human population densities, residents’ travel activity and tourism.

Conclusion

This is the first seroprevalence study focussing on an arboviral disease in the Cook Islands and Vanuatu. It highlights the impact of the 2014/2015 CHIKV epidemic on the Cook Islands population and shows that a notable part of the Vanuatu test population was exposed to CHIKV although no outbreaks were reported. Our findings supplement the knowledge concerning CHIKV epidemics in the South Pacific Region and contribute to a better understanding of virus dissemination, including outbreak modifying factors. This study may support preventive and rapid response measures in affected areas, travel-related risk assessment and infection identification in returning travellers.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Aachen: 051/16_09/05/2016 Cook Islands Ref.: #16-16 Vanuatu Ref.: MOH/DG 10/1/1-GKT/lr.
A deliberative public engagement study on heritable human genome editing among South Africans: Study results
Authors: Thaldar Donrich , Shozi Bonginkosi , Steytler Michaela , Hendry Gill , Botes Marietjie , Mnyandu Ntokozo , Naidoo Meshandren , Pillay Siddharthiya , Slabbert Magda , Townsend Beverley
Published: November 2022

This paper reports the results of a public engagement study on heritable human genome editing (HHGE) carried out in South Africa, which was conducted in accordance with a study protocol that was published in this journal in 2021. This study is novel as it is the first public engagement study on HHGE in Africa. It used a deliberative public engagement (DPE) methodology, entailing inter alia that measures were put in place to ensure that potential participants became informed about HHGE, and that deliberations between the participants were facilitated with the aim of seeking consensus. A diverse group of 30 persons was selected to participate in the DPE study, which took place via Zoom over three consecutive weekday evenings. The main results are: Provided that HHGE is safe and effective, an overwhelming majority of participants supported allowing the use of HHGE to prevent genetic health conditions and for immunity against TB and HIV/Aids, while significant majorities opposed allowing HHGE for enhancement. The dominant paradigm during the deliberations was balancing health benefits (and associated improvements in quality of life) with unforeseen health risks (such as loss of natural immunity). The seriousness of a health condition emerged as the determining factor for the policy choice of whether to allow an application of HHGE. More generally, equal access to HHGE qua healthcare service featured as an important value, and it was uncontested that the South African government should allocate resources to promote scientific research into HHGE. These results are aligned with the policy principles for regulating HHGE in South Africa suggested by Thaldar et al. They call for urgent revision of South African ethics guidelines that currently prohibit research on HHGE, and for dedicated HHGE legal regulations that provide a clear and comprehensive legal pathway for researchers who intend to conduct HHGE research and clinical trials.
The risks perceived by the consumer in the acceptance of electronic commerce. A study of Bolivia
Authors: Carvache-Franco Orly , Loaiza-Torres Jose , Soto-Montenegro Carolina , Carvache-Franco Mauricio , Carvache-Franco Wilmer
Published: November 2022

The risks perceived by consumers in online shopping can negatively affect the acceptance of electronic commerce, however, the perceived risks are a cultural aspect that can affect consumers differently in different countries. This research examines what dimensions of perceived risk affect the acceptance of electronic commerce in Bolivia, a developing country. The design is quantitative, the TAM model is used with the variables: risk of misuse of information, risk of not obtaining the benefits of the product and risk of inefficiency of the functionality. The results show that the three risks examined do not affect the acceptance of electronic commerce, and that the variables perceived usefulness and ease of use have a positive effect on the acceptance of electronic commerce. The theoretical implications of this study provide empirical evidence from Bolivia, which shows strong variables of perceived usefulness and ease of use, which mitigates the effect of risk´s perception by the consumer, the results are explained in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that accelerated the rapid acceptance of electronic commerce, increasing the perception of usefulness and ease of use of online shopping. As practical implications, this research provides managers and administrators of online businesses with knowledge about the effect of risk variables perceived by consumers.
Using Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Planet satellite data to map field-level tillage practices in smallholder systems
Authors: Liu Yin , Rao Preeti , Zhou Weiqi , Singh Balwinder , Srivastava Amit K. , Poonia Shishpal P. , Van Berkel Derek , Jain Meha
Published: November 2022

Remote sensing can be used to map tillage practices at large spatial and temporal scales. However, detecting such management practices in smallholder systems is challenging given that the size of fields is smaller than historical readily-available satellite imagery. In this study we used newer, higher-resolution satellite data from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Planet to map tillage practices in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains in India. We specifically tested the classification performance of single sensor and multiple sensor random forest models, and the impact of spatial, temporal, or spectral resolution on classification accuracy. We found that when considering a single sensor, the model that used Planet imagery (3 m) had the highest classification accuracy (86.55%) while the model that used Sentinel-1 data (10 m) had the lowest classification accuracy (62.28%). When considering sensor combinations, the model that used data from all three sensors achieved the highest classification accuracy (87.71%), though this model was not statistically different from the Planet only model when considering 95% confidence intervals from bootstrap analyses. We also found that high levels of accuracy could be achieved by only using imagery from the sowing period. Considering the impact of spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution on classification accuracy, we found that improved spatial resolution from Planet contributed the most to improved classification accuracy. Overall, it is possible to use readily-available, high spatial resolution satellite data to map tillage practices of smallholder farms, even in heterogeneous systems with small field sizes.
Analysis of uncorrected near visual acuity after extended depth-of-focus AcrySof® Vivity™ intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Jeon Sohee , Choi Ayoung , Kwon Hyunggoo
Published: November 2022

A newly developed extended-depth-of-focus AcrySof® Vivity™ intraocular lens (IOL), which has a wavefront-shaped anterior surface, has shown a promising outcome in minimizing dysphotopsia, the biggest issue after diffractive type IOL implantation. On the contrary, relatively low uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) has been raised as a demerit of this IOL. However, there is only limited information about the UNVA after Vivity implantation. In the present study, we compared the uncorrected distant and intermediate visual acuity (UDVA and UIVA) and UNVA according to the range of refractive error (RE) from 91 eyes from 91 patients implanted with Vivity IOL. Then we assessed the biometric factors for their association with UNVA from 66 eyes with a RE within ± 0.25 D. The UDVA was worst in eyes with RE < -0.50 D (0.17 ± 0.21), which was significantly worse than in any other group (P < 0.001 for every analysis). The UIVA was worst in eyes with RE of 0.25 to 0.50 D (0.35 ± 0.07 D), which was significantly worse than in eyes with RE of -0.50 to -0.26 D (P = 0.020) and in eyes with RE of -0.25 to -0.01 D (P = 0.028). The UNVA was worst in eyes with RE of 0.25 to 0.50 D (0.40 ± 0.14 D), which was significantly worse than in eyes with RE of -0.50 to -0.26 D (P = 0.022), which suggests that the extent of monovision should be limited up to -0.50 diopter. On univariate analysis for UNVA in eyes with a RE within ± 0.25 D, the anterior chamber depth (R = 0.257; P = 0.037) and pupil size (R = 0.451; P < 0.001) had a statistically significant relation to UNVA, while multivariate analysis showed the pupil size (β = 0.451; P < 0.001) as the sole indicator, suggesting eyes with a small pupil size might receive a UNVA benefit.
Association between desire thinking and problematic social media use among a sample of Lebanese adults: The indirect effect of suppression and impulsivity
Authors: Awad Emmanuelle , El Khoury-Malhame Myriam , Yakin Ecem , Hanna Venise , Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar
Published: November 2022

Background

Desire thinking, impulsivity and suppression are psychological variables that are intricately related to behavioral addictions. Bearing in mind the scarcity of data on desire thinking, impulsivity, thought suppression and pathological social media use in developing countries such as Lebanon, with the existing literature suggesting a heightened mental health burden associated with this problematic social media use, it becomes all the more important to elucidate their relationship. Our study aims at investigating the association between desire thinking and problematic social media use specifically, and to further test the effect of impulsivity and thought suppression in mediating the relation between the two distinct facets of desire thinking and problematic social media use.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 using a sample of 414 community-dwelling participants aged above 18 years from all Lebanese districts. The data was collected through an online questionnaire including a section about sociodemographic information, the Desire Thinking Questionnaire (DTQ), Impulsive Behavior Scale (S-UPPS-P), White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) and Social Media Disorder Short Form (SMD). The tests used in the bivariate analysis to assess correlates of SMD were the Student t test to compare two means and the Pearson test to correlate two continuous scores. The PROCESS SPSS Macro version 3.4, model four was used to conduct the mediation analysis.

Results

Desire thinking was shown to correlate with increased social media use. Moreover, we found that suppression and lack of premeditation mediated the association between verbal perseveration and social media use disorder whereas suppression and urgency mediated the association between imaginal prefiguration and social media use disorder.

Conclusion

This study provides new insight on a topic of increasing public health concern. Although understudied to date, suppression and impulsivity differentially mediate the influence of both facets of desire thinking on problematic social media use disorder. The current findings point to the highly pervasive issue of social media use disorder and the need to investigate underlying psychological factors that aggravate it to better profile and support individuals struggling with it.
Effectiveness of education intervention of tuberculosis treatment adherence in Khartoum State: A study protocol for a randomized control trial
Authors: Khamis Khalda Mohamed , Kadir Shahar Hayati , Abdul Manaf Rosliza , Hamdan Hamdan Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Background

Treatment failure and disease relapse among tuberculosis (TB) patients are commonly caused by non-adherence. It can lead to prolonged infection, increased transmission, drug resistance, and loss of life. Even though the causative microorganism of TB has been identified for more than a century, the disease is still a substantial public health problem worldwide. This research aims to devise, implement, and assess an educational intervention to improve adherence to TB treatment.

Methods and findings

A randomised clinical trial involving 146 Sudanese TB patients will be conducted at the Abu Anga hospital in Khartoum. The participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. A 2-hour session will be offered to the intervention group in a one-day TB educational intervention course. The same educational materials will also be provided to the control group after the randomised controlled trial (RCT). Data will be collected at baseline, one month, and four months after the intervention. The primary outcome of interest is TB treatment adherence, while secondary outcomes include quality of life score, tuberculosis knowledge, and health belief domains. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) in SPSS software version 25.0 will be utilised to evaluate the changes over time.

Conclusions

This trial will provide information that could be used in improving TB control strategies to achieve better results in the adherence of healthcare services to the norms of the National Program and patient adherence to the disease treatment and cure.

Trial registration

This study is registered at TCTR: (TCTR20210607006).
The impact of increasing expenditure on National Essential Public Health Services on the medical costs of hypertension in China: A difference-in-difference analysis
Authors: Xue Long , Sui Mengyun , He YunZhen , Li Hongzheng , Ying Xiaohua
Published: November 2022

Background

The prevention and control of hypertension should be an effective way to reduce deaths and it has been a high priority in China. In 2013, the Chinese government increased the subsidy standard for the National Essential Public Health Services Package (NEPHSP) from RMB 15 to RMB 30 per person, which was expected to cover 70 million hypertensions. This study explored the influence of increasing NEPHSP subsidy on outpatient and inpatient expenditure among patients with hypertension.

Methods

Data were mined from the 2011–2015 Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The study sample included 3192 hypertensive patients who were not lost to follow-up from 2011 to 2015. Hypertensive patients who covered by NEPHSP from 2011 to 2015 were defined as the treatment group, otherwise defined as the comparison group. The policy intervention was the increase of NEPHSP subsidy in 2013, and the years before and after 2013 were respectively considered as pre- (2011) and post-intervention (2015). The primary outcomes variables were the outpatient and inpatient expenditure of patients with hypertension, based on direct spending of outpatients and inpatients separately reported by patients with hypertension. Using propensity score matching (PSM) to match the individual characteristics of hypertension in the treatment group and the comparison group, difference-in-differences (DID) were used to analyze the outcomes.

Results

The patients with hypertension’ outpatient and inpatient expenditure patterns in the treatment and control group show an increasing trend from 2011 to 2015. After PSM, of the 1 956 hypertensive participants, 369 covered by the NEPHSP before and after 2013. A DID estimate of the increased NEPHSP subsidy was associated with a significant decrease of 1 251.35 RMB (t = 2.13, P = 0.034) in hypertension related inpatient expenditure, no significant change (t = 0.61, P = 0.544) among outpatient expenditure.

Conclusions

The NEPHSP may reduce inpatient expenditure among hypertension. Further strengthening of the NEPHSP may reduce their burden.
Socioeconomic inequalities in utilizing facility delivery in Bangladesh: A decomposition analysis using nationwide 2017–2018 demographic and health survey data
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Kundu Satyajit , Rashid Harun Or , Shanto Hasibul Hasan , Rahman Md. Mahmudur , Khan Bayezid , Howlader Md. Hasan , Islam Md. Akhtarul
Published: November 2022

Background

In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Bangladesh, socioeconomic inequalities in access to maternity care remain a substantial public health concern. Due to the paucity of research, we attempted to determine the factors affecting the facility delivery, quantify wealth-related inequality, and identify potential components that could explain the inequality.

Methods

We used the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2017–18) data in this study. We utilized logistic regression to investigate the associated factors of facility delivery. The concentration curves (CC), concentration index (CIX) and decomposition of CIX techniques were used to analyze the inequality in-facility delivery.

Results

Women living in the urban areas, age at first birth after (18–24 years ≥25 years), being overweight/obese, having secondary and higher-level education of the women and their husband, seeking four or more ANC, coming from more affluent households, and women with high enlightenment were significant determinants of facility delivery. The concentration curve was below the line of equality, and the relative concentration index (CIX) was 0.205 (p <0.001), indicating that women from wealthy groups were disproportionately more prevalent to facility delivery. The decomposition analysis reveals that wealth status of women (57.40%), age at first birth (10.24%), husband’s education (8.96%), husband’s occupation (7.35%), education of women (7.13%), women’s enlightenment (6.15%), residence (8.64%) and ANC visit (6.84%) are the most major contributors to the inequalities in utilizing facility delivery.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates a clear disparity in the use of facility delivery among Bangladeshi women; hence, immediate action is required to lower the inequalities, with a special emphasis on the contributing factors.
Effect of risk perception on travel intention to conflict-ridden destinations
Authors:   , Bayramov Elimdar
Published: November 2022

My doctoral thesis investigated the factors influencing travel intention to conflict-ridden destinations. The context of the research focused on conflict-ridden destinations, which are associated with a higher level of risk perception. Conflict-ridden destinations are directly influenced by terrorist attacks, political unrest and war, where tourism and tourist establishments are influenced by these events (Çakmak and İsaac, 2016). This thesis investigated how perceived risk, along with other factors such as individual characteristics, destination image, and prior experience influences the travel intention in conflict-ridden destinations. The main results of the current study confirmed the assumed relationships between perceived risk, individual characteristics (novelty-seeking behaviour), destination image, prior experience and theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs. The findings are summarized in the following points: • Subjective norms influenced both perceived behavioural control, attitude towards visiting conflict-ridden destinations and intention to visit. • Perceived behavioural control also influenced the intention to visit, while attitudes towards visiting had no significant impact on intention to visit conflict-ridden destinations. • Destination image only had a significant moderation effect on the relationship between attitudes towards visiting and intention to visit. • Perceived risk negatively influences attitude towards visiting conflict-ridden destinations • Novelty-seeking behaviour positively influences the perceived behavioural control. • Subjective norms and perceived behavioural control both are significant positive predictors of intentions to visit conflict-ridden destinations. • Destination image is a significant positive predictor of intention to visit conflict-ridden destinations. • Destination image has a stronger significant positive effect on the intention to visit Turkey. However, the destination image has no significant effect on the intention to visit Israel. The results of this thesis shed new light on existing literature as it explores the factors predicting the intention to visit conflict-ridden destinations associated with a high level of risk perceptions that offers implications for researchers and practitioners. This model is the first in the tourism literature incorporating risk perception, individual characteristics (novelty-seeking behaviour), destination image and prior experience in a single model.
A szolgáltatási színvonal és a helyettesítők keresletre gyakorolt hatása a magyar vasúti személyszállítási piacon
Authors:   , Édes Balázs
Published: November 2022

A vasúti személyszállítási közszolgáltatás szerepe a gazdasági és társadalmi kontextuson túl környezeti szempontból egyre jelentősebb, a közérdek egyértelműen a részesedésének növekedése lenne, ugyanakkor egy ilyen változáshoz attraktív vasúti közszolgáltatásra van szükség, amelynek utasai nem kényszerből választják ezt a közlekedési formát. A disszertáció azt a kérdést vizsgálja nagy méretű és komplex adatbázison elemzésén keresztül, hogy milyen tényezők hatnak a vasúti szolgáltatásokra Magyarországon, és hogyan lehetne a minőségi fejlesztésekkel javítani a kötött pályás közlekedés kihasználtságát. A kutatás fontosabb eredményei: 1. A vasúti értékesítési adatokra és a kiegészítő adatforrásokra építve megfelelő magyarázóerejű modell építhető fel. 2. A minőségi tényezők jelentős hatással vannak a keresletre, azok hatása igazolódott a modellben. 3. A vasúti kínálat minőségi dimenziói esetében nem volt megfigyelhető a minimális szolgáltatási szint, vagy egyéb képzett mutató esetleges átlagnál erősebb szerepe, így ez az általános hipotézis nem igazolódott. Policy implikációk: 4. Több ponton is látható, hogy a vasúti szolgáltatások iránti kereslet rugalmatlan: ebből az következik hogy egy nagyon tudatos és komplex közlekedésfejlesztésre van szükség ahhoz, hogy a kívánatos módváltás a vasút irányába megtörténjen. Számos faktor finom egyensúlyától függ a kereslet, és egy-egy önmagában álló beavatkozás nem feltétlenül lesz hatásos. Lényeges kérdés, hogy a vasút mennyire tekinthető ma inferior szolgáltatásnak. Az eredmények alapján a vasút már nincs abba az alacsonyabb minőségű, nem kívánatos szolgáltatási kategóriába zárva, ahova a rendszerváltás után eljutott, határozottan megfigyelhető egy minőségorientált része a keresletnek. Másrészt a rugalmatlanságra utaló jelek rámutatnak, hogy még mindig sokkal kevesebben választják a vasutat azok közül, akik számára más módok is könnyen elérhetőek. 5. A kutatás talán legfontosabb következtetése, hogy az összeállított adatbázis kifejezetten alkalmasnak mondható a vasúti szolgáltatások iránti kereslet és a szolgáltatás minőségének vizsgálatára. Érdemi kutatási erőforrásokra építve jóval pontosabb és részletesebb adatbázis lenne összeállítható, amely pontosabb elemzési eredményeket ad. A minőségi tényezők súlyának pontosabb kalibrálásához egy olyan empirikus kutatásra van szükség, amely a fogyasztói preferenciákat méri fel a szoft tényezőkre fókuszálva. Egy ilyen felmérés eredménye a keresleti adatokkal összekapcsolva jelentősen növelné tudásunkat a vasúti szolgáltatások iránti keresletről, amire építve mód nyílik a hatékony és eredményes közpolitikai beavatkozások megalapozására.
Development of functional dietetic snack using black carob flour (Prosopis nigra) and discarded blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
Authors: Miranda Verónica Nancy , Goncalvez de Oliveira Enzo , Olivares La Madrid Ana Paula , Lotufo Haddad Agustina Marcela , Ramón Adriana Noemí , Villalva Fernando Josué
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Snacks have become an important part of the daily diet, however, their nutritional profile could be improved by adding ingredients with health benefits. The aim of this work was to develop a functional dietetic snack using black carob flour and discarded blueberries, and to evaluate its chemical and functional composition.
Methods: Three formulations were prepared using different proportions of wheat flour and black carob flour: 60:40; 50:50; and 40:60, respectively. Proximal chemical composition was determined by the procedures of AOAC methods and functional properties were also analyzed.
Results: Three dietary snacks were obtained, which showed a caloric reduction of 20 - 23%. In all snacks, an increase in protein content of more than 60% was achieved and a higher total dietary fiber content (DS2) was observed compared to commercial snacks. All formulations showed a reduction in bioactive compound content during processing.
Conclusions: The snacks showed functional properties, higher protein content and a reduced total caloric value compared to commercially available products. DS2 was the snack with the highest antioxidant activity and, according to fiber values, is a product with “high fiber content”. Despite the losses caused by the cooking process in the content of bioactive compounds, the antioxidant activity was greater than 50% in all the snacks produced.
Estado, narcocultura y coreografías sociales del género en México
Authors: Valencia Sayak
Published: November 2022

En el presente trabajo reflexionaré sobre el papel que juega la reconfiguración política, económica, social y cultural a partir de la proliferación de la necropolítica en México contemporáneo y su vinculación con una axiología violenta, neoliberal, racista y cisheteropatriarcal fomentada por el Estado-Nación.1 Axiología encarnada muy visiblemente por la cultura del crimen organizado, especialmente a través de la narcocultura, y difundida por los medios de comunicación y las industrias culturales.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O SISTEMA PEDOLÓGICO E O RELEVO NO MUNICÍPIO DE IGUARAÇU-PR
Authors: Fernandes Barbosa Andressa , Silveira Hélio , Sant'ana Marcatto Francieli
Published: November 2022

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar a organização da cobertura pedológica vertical e lateral ao longo de uma topossequência, visando entender as relações entre o sistema pedológico e o relevo no município de Iguaraçu-PR. O levantamento da topossequência foi realizado ao longo de uma vertente de relevo plano e suave ondulado, onde os solos são formados pela alteração do arenito da Formação Caiuá. Para o levantamento da topossequência e dos solos, foi aplicada a Análise Bidimensional da Cobertura Pedológica, visando identificar as transições verticais e laterais dos horizontes pedológicos e, posteriormente, foi determinada a granulometria das amostras coletadas nas sondagens à trado. Os resultados indicaram uma topossequência composta pelo sistema pedológico Latossolo-Gleissolo, que apesar do relevo plano a suave ondulado, encontra-se em processo de transformação. A análise granulométrica das sondagens à trado indicou que ocorre perda de argila vertical e lateralmente, com a ocorrência de perfis mais arenosos no sopé da vertente, demonstrando tendência de evolução remontante.
AVALIAÇÃO DE RUÍDO AMBIENTAL NA ÁREA CENTRAL DE MONTES CLAROS/MG
Authors: Dias de Moraes Danilo Souza , Palhares Ricardo Henrique
Published: November 2022

O presente estudo discute a temática da poluição sonora, com enfoque nos níveis de ruídos produzidos na área central de Montes Claros/MG. Trata-se de um assunto relevante, visto os possíveis impactos dos ruídos excessivos sobre a população que habita e trabalha nos centros urbanos. Nesse sentido, esta proposta questiona: quais as condições dos ruídos captados em diferentes pontos da área central do perímetro urbano de Montes Claros? Eles são prejudiciais à população urbana? O objetivo geral que a norteia refere-se em avaliar ruídos ambientais identificados na área central de Montes Claros/MG, tendo como princípio a conservação do meio ambiente e a preservação da qualidade de vida da comunidade de modo a atender a legislação vigente e a Norma Brasileira - NBR 10151/2019. Sendo empregada como metodologia a aferição in loco, conforme as orientações da citada Norma Técnica. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de medidas mitigadoras dos níveis de ruídos encontrados.
POTENCIAL DE CONTAMINAÇÃO HÍDRICA POR NECROCHORUME NA CIDADE DE MOSSORÓ-RN
Authors: Rêgo Alana Ticiane Alves do , Souza Rafael Silva de , Gomes Natália de Oliveira , Peixoto Filipe da Silva
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho realizou um diagnóstico preliminar, identificando os riscos de contaminação hídrica por necrochorume em dois cemitérios na cidade de Mossoró/RN. A princípio, efetuou-se um levantamento bibliográfico acerca da contaminação hídrica por necrochorume. Em seguida, foram realizadas visitas in loco para observação sistemática do controle sanitário nos cemitérios São Sebastião e Novo Tempo, bem como coleta de dados primários para quantificação de efluente gerado. Foi realizada caracterização do ambiente hidrogeológico a partir dos perfis litológicos de poços situados nas áreas de estudo. Os resultados identificaram um estado de má conservação dos jazigos e gerenciamento inadequado de necrochorume em ambos os cemitérios. Verificou-se que os aquíferos analisados possuem natureza carstico-fissural e nível freático entre 8,5 e 15 m, podendo representar risco de contaminação por 2.220 e 2.400 L/mês de necrochorume produzido nos cemitérios São Sebastião e Novo Tempo, respectivamente.
CONCORRÊNCIA TRANSESCALAR E REAÇÃO DO VAREJO ALIMENTÍCIO LOCAL
Authors: Gonçalves Camilla Sales , Mesquita Zandor Gomes , Santos Leandro Bruno
Published: November 2022

As 10 maiores empresas do varejo alimentício no Brasil – transescalares – atualmente são responsáveis por 57% do faturamento do mercado, considerando o universo das 500 maiores no ranking anual da Associação Brasileira de Supermercados (ABRAS). Mesmo nesse contexto de significativa concentração, empresas menores também apresentam relevância econômica e espacial, sobretudo a nível local; entretanto, suas espacializações ainda são pouco exploradas. Esse estudo com o Grupo Barcelos foi conduzido visando compreender suas práticas e estratégias espaciais adotadas frente às modificações ocorridas no urbano de Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ) e ao acirramento da concorrência transescalar na cidade. A partir de revisão bibliográfica, levantamento secundário e trabalho de campo foi observado que, na luta intercapitalista, o comportamento espacial dessa empresa é afetado por e condiciona, em parte, a localização das grandes redes, visto as tipologias distintas que imprimem no urbano campista.
Análise da dinâmica evolutiva de uma voçoroca no Distrituo de Sumaré em Paranavaí - PR
Authors: Beckhauser Maria Carolina , Silveira Hélio , Baldo Maria Cleide
Published: November 2022

O município de Paranavaí, apresenta sérios problemas de erosões em virtude do aspecto natural dos solos, oriundos dos arenitos da Formação Caiuá, juntamente com o manejo aplicado na área. O objetivo desse trabalho é compreender o processo de evolução de uma voçoroca situada no distrito de Sumaré em Paranavaí-PR – Brasil, utilizando dados pluviométricos e imagens aéreas. Foi utilizando como metodologia o levantamento de imagens de satélite do ITCG no ano de 1980, do Google Earth Pro dos anos de 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, imagens obtidas pelo VANT dos anos de 2018 e 2020. Com base nessas informações, elaborou-se os mapas de fluxo hídrico e hipsométrico. Foram analisados os dados diários, mensais e anuais de pluviosidade dos anos de 1976 a 2018. Os resultados mostraram que o ano de 2015 foi o mais chuvoso, e com base na análise das imagens foi quando a voçoroca mais evoluiu, devido o fluxo hídrico concentrado.
Markers of mitochondrial energy metabolism and their potential relationships with fatigue in human adults: a scoping review
Authors: Assunção-Luiz Alan Vinicius , Borges Paulo Victor , Tavares Bacalá Bruna , Targino dos Santos Jennifer Thalita , Graves Letitia , Saligan Leorey , Castanheira Nascimento Lucila , Flória-Santos Milena
Published: November 2022

This scoping review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence of the associations between molecular and genetic markers of mitochondrial metabolism and fatigue in human adults. The research question guiding this review was, “Are there potential relationships between mitochondrial metabolism markers and fatigue?” The literature search used three terms (mitochondria; fatigue; energy metabolism), which yielded 263 manuscripts and 22 theses/dissertations. The studies included in the review had to meet three criteria: (1) Include adult participants (≥18 years of age); (2) Show a relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and fatigue; (3) Be published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Of the 17 articles included for a full-text review, some had a cross-sectional design (6/17, 35%), and more than half (12/17, 70%) were published between 2015 and 2020. The predominant population studied were patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (9/17, 53%). Most studies (15/17, 88%) assessed fatigue with validated instruments. Mitochondrial markers associated with fatigue are a) mitochondrial transport pathways and respiratory chain, b) mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and c) energy disorders in cells of the immune system, such as natural killer cells. Mitochondrial metabolic activities, such as the production and transport of ATP, are significant components that may help understand the etiology of fatigue. Future directions should include longitudinal study designs, characterization of fatigue phenotypes, and the identification of markers involved in production and transport pathways. The clinical relevance in this field can lead to interventions targeting mitochondrial markers to reduce or prevent fatigue.
Rio Uberabinha - levantamento sanitário das fontes agropastoris
Authors: Hanna Rosângela Abdala
Published: November 2022

Rio Uberabinha - levantamento sanitário das fontes agropastoris
Koherensi pada Video Blog Berbahasa Jepang
Authors: Wiyatasari Reny , Hideko Mahardita
Published: November 2022

The aim of this research is to describe the elements of coherence in the discourse of Japanese video blog. The data of this research is taken from a video blog entitled ‘[Chōkai | Nihongo Kaiwa] Daigaku No Tomodachi to Hanasu Toki ’ uploaded to YouTube on January 22, 2020. The data retrieval method used the referral method, using the tapping technique as its advanced technique. Furthermore, in the data analysis phase, using the ‘Agih’ method with the direct element sharing techniques. Then in presenting the data, using informal presentation methods.The results showed that there were 5 coherence data that showed interconnected discourse, seen from the use of cohesion markers. That way, the five datas can represent discourse coherence.