bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Analysis of Oncology Patient Awareness of Medication Shortages and Their Preferences for How Shortages Should Be Managed
Authors: Hantel Andrew , Hlubocky Fay J. , Siegler Mark , Daugherty Christopher K.
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE:

Medication shortages in US hospitals are ongoing, widespread, and frequently involve antineoplastic and supportive medications used in cancer care. The ways shortages are managed and the ways provider-patient communication takes place are heterogeneous, but the related preferences of oncology patients are undefined. This study sought to qualitatively evaluate patient preferences.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional, semi-structured interview study was conducted from January to June 2019. Participants were adult oncology inpatients who received primary cancer care at the University of Chicago, had undergone treatment within 2 years, and had 1 or more previous hospitalizations during that period. Participants (n = 54) were selected consecutively from alternating hematology and oncology services. The primary outcome was thematic saturation across the domains of awareness of medication shortages, principle preferences regarding decision makers, preferences regarding allocation of therapy drugs, and allocation-related communication.

RESULTS:

Thematic saturation was reached after 39 participants completed the study procedures (mean age, 59.6 years [standard deviation, 14.5 years]; men made up 61.5% of the study population [mean age, 24 years]; response rate, 72.0%). In all, 18% of participants were aware of institutional medication shortages. Patients preferred having multiple decision makers for allocating medications in the event of a shortage. A majority of patients named oncologists (100%), ethicists (92%), non-oncology physicians (77%), and pharmacists (64%) as their preferred decision makers. Participants favored allocation of drugs based on their efficacy (normalized weighted average, 1.3), and they also favored prioritizing people who were already receiving treatment (1.8), younger patients (2.0), sicker patients (3.1), and those presenting first for treatment (5.3). Most participants preferred preferred disclosure of supportive care medication shortages (74%) and antineoplastic medication shortages (79%) for equivalent substitutions.

CONCLUSION:

In a tertiary-care center with medication shortages, few oncologic inpatients were aware of shortages. Participants preferred having multiple decision makers involved in principle-driven allocation of scarce medications. Disclosure was preferred when their usual medications needed to be substituted with equivalent alternatives. These preliminary data suggest that preferences do not align with current management practices for medication shortages.
Ideological Sorting of Physicians in Both Geography and the Workplace
Authors: Bonica Adam , Rosenthal Howard , Blackwood Kristy , Rothman David J.
Published: May 2020

Context: The distribution of physicians across geography and employers has important implications for the delivery of medical services. This study examines how the political beliefs of physicians influence their decisions about where to live and work.

Methods: Physician relocation and employment patterns are analyzed with a panel constructed from the National Provider Identifier directory. Data on political donations are used to measure the political preferences of physicians.

Findings: The “ideological fit” between a physician and his or her community is a key predictor of both relocation and employment decisions. A Democratic physician in a predominantly Republican area is twice as likely to relocate as a Republican counterpart living there; the reverse is also true for Republicans living in Democratic areas. Physicians who do not share the political orientation of their colleagues are more likely to change workplaces within the same geographic area.

Conclusions: Physicians are actively sorting along political lines. Younger physicians have trended sharply to the left and are increasingly drawn to urban areas with physician surpluses and away from rural areas suffering from physician shortages. The findings also help explain why physician shortages are more prevalent among left-leaning specialties such as psychiatry.
Molecular mechanisms of biomineralization in marine invertebrates
Authors: Clark Melody S.
Published: May 2020

Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs and urchins. This is because life in our oceans is becoming more challenging for these animals with changes in temperature, pH and salinity. In the future, it will be more energetically expensive to make marine skeletons and the increasingly corrosive conditions in seawater are expected to result in the dissolution of these external skeletons. However, initial predictions of wide-scale sensitivity are changing as we understand more about the mechanisms underpinning skeletal production (biomineralization). These studies demonstrate the complexity of calcification pathways and the cellular responses of animals to these altered conditions. Factors including parental conditioning, phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics can significantly impact the production of skeletons and thus future population success. This understanding is paralleled by an increase in our knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in biomineralization, particularly in some phyla, such as urchins, molluscs and corals. This Review will provide a broad overview of our current understanding of the factors affecting skeletal production in marine invertebrates. It will focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning biomineralization and how knowledge of these processes affects experimental design and our ability to predict responses to climate change. Understanding marine biomineralization has many tangible benefits in our changing world, including improvements in conservation and aquaculture and exploitation of natural calcified structure design using biomimicry approaches that are aimed at producing novel biocomposites.
Left Ventricular Fibrosis in Middle-Age Athletes and Physically Active Adults
Authors: BANKS LAURA , ALTAHA MUSTAFA A. , YAN ANDREW T. , DORIAN PAUL , KONIECZNY KAJA , DEVA DJEVEN P. , LA GERCHE ANDRE , AKHAVEIN FARHAD , BENTLEY ROBERT F. , CONNELLY KIM A. , GOODMAN JACK M.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping techniques enable the quantification of focal and diffuse myocardial LGE, respectively. Studies have shown evidence of fibrosis in middle-age athletes, but not relative to physically active (PA) adults who perform recommended physical activity levels. Therefore, we examined cardiac remodeling and presence of left ventricular (LV) LGE and T1 values in both recreational middle-age endurance athletes (EA) and PA adults.

Methods

Healthy EA and PA adults (45–65 yr) completed a standardized 3-T CMR protocol with ventricular volumetry, LV LGE, and T1 mapping.

Results

Seventy-two EA and 20 PA participants (mean age, 53 ± 5 vs 56 ± 4 yr;P< 0.01; V˙O2peak= 50 ± 7 vs 37 ± 9 mL·kg−1·min−1,P< 0.0001) were examined, with CMR data available in 89/92 participants. Focal LV LGE was observed in 30% of participants (n= 27/89): 33% of EA (n= 23/69; 33%) and 20% of PA (n= 4/20; 20%). LGE was present at the right ventricular hinge point (n= 21/89; 23.5%) or identified as ischemic (n= 2/89; 2%) or nonischemic (n= 4/89; 4%). Focal LV LGE was observed similarly in both EA and PA (P= 0.25). EA had larger LV chamber sizes and T1 native values (1169 ± 35 vs 1190 ± 26,P= 0.02) compared with PA, with similar LV ejection fraction. Global extracellular volume (ECV) was similar in both EA and PA (22.6% ± 3.5% vs 21.5% ± 2.6%,P= 0.26), with no relationship between global ECV and LV mass (r= −0.16,P= 0.19).

Conclusions

Focal LGE at the right ventricular hinge point was detected at the same frequency in both groups, was unrelated to demographic or clinical indices, and was found without evidence of global ECV expansion in EA, suggesting a physiologic remodeling response. The long-term clinical implications of hinge-point LGE require clarification using prospective, long-term follow-up studies.
Calculation of Critical Speed from Raw Training Data in Recreational Marathon Runners
Authors: SMYTH BARRY , MUNIZ-PUMARES DANIEL
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Critical speed (CS) represents the highest intensity at which a physiological steady state may be reached. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether estimations of CS obtained from raw training data can predict performance and pacing in marathons.

Methods

We investigated running activities logged into an online fitness platform by >25,000 recreational athletes before big-city marathons. Each activity contained time, distance, and elevation every 100 m. We computed grade-adjusted pacing and the fastest pace recorded for a set of target distances (400, 800, 1000, 1500, 3000, and 5000 m). CS was determined as the slope of the distance–time relationship using all combinations of, at least, three target distances.

Results

The relationship between distance and time was linear, irrespective of the target distances used (pooled mean ± SD: R
2 = 0.9999 ± 0.0001). The estimated values of CS from all models were not different (3.74 ± 0.08 m·s−1), and all models correlated with marathon performance (R
2 = 0.672 ± 0.036, error = 8.01% ± 0.51%). CS from the model including 400, 800, and 5000 m best predicted performance (R
2 = 0.695, error = 7.67%) and was used in further analysis. Runners completed the marathon at 84.8% ± 13.6% CS, with faster runners competing at speeds closer to CS (93.0% CS for 150 min marathon times vs 78.9% CS for 360 min marathon times). Runners who completed the first half of the marathon at >94% of their CS, and particularly faster than CS, were more likely to slowdown by more than 25% in the second half of race.

Conclusion

This study suggests that estimations of CS from raw training data can successfully predict marathon performance and provide useful pacing information.
Earnings Risk in the Household: Evidence from Millions of US Tax Returns
Authors: Pruitt Seth , Turner Nicholas
Published: May 2020

Using detailed Internal Revenue Service administrative data on millions of households, we find that households effectively insure against much of the risk facing primary earners. We show that households face less risk than males alone, and households face roughly half the countercyclical risk increase. As a result of these risk differences, household certainty equivalent earnings are 19 percent higher than for males alone, and household certainty equivalent earnings fall by about half as much during recessions. To facilitate related research, we make available the aggregated data used in our analysis. (JEL D12, D13, E32, G51)
Optimal Quality Certification
Authors: Zapechelnyuk Andriy
Published: May 2020

Quality certification not only informs consumers but also stimulates producers to supply better-quality products. We study a problem of quality certification in a moral hazard setting. We show that, under standard assumptions, simple certification systems, such as quality assurance and pass-fail rules, are optimal. Our solution method involves interpreting the certification problem as a delegation problem. (JEL D82, L15)
Implementação da gestão estratégica de pessoas: desafios enfrentados por uma empresa pública
Authors: Graziani Luciana , Meneses Pedro Paulo Murce , Castro Marcus Vinícius de Miranda , Serrano André Luiz Marques
Published: May 2020

Diante da percebida dificuldade para implementar políticas estratégicas de gestão de pessoas (GP), este estudo explora quais são os fatores que contribuem para tal dificuldade. O artigo identifica fatores contextuais de natureza institucional, política, organizacional e setorial que podem interferir na implementação de políticas de gestão estratégica de pessoas (GEP) no caso de uma empresa pública, segundo categorias de contingências levantadas previamente na literatura. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e uso de entrevistas e pesquisa documental. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que os principais fatores interferentes se relacionam a aspectos: a) culturais, devido ao perfil dos empregados da empresa; b) políticos, pois na empresa os projetos estratégicos tendem a ser descontinuados; e c) setoriais, pois a unidade de GP goza de baixa credibilidade, reputação e autonomia. Conclui-se que iniciativas de implementação de políticas de GEP constituem, sobretudo, um processo de mudança cultural.
Determinantes de alavancagem: uma reanálise dos países do G7
Authors: Leite Rodrigo de Oliveira , Mendes Layla dos Santos
Published: May 2020

Nos aprimoramos a teoria de Rajan e Zingales (1995) por meio da análise de dados de um período mais recente e de técnicas estatísticas mais robustas. Comprovamos que o modelo teórico proposto por Rajan e Zingales continua atual, mesmo levando em conta correções para autocorrelações seriais e controlando pela alavancagem inicial. Porém, o nível de tangibilidade mostrou-se não ser significante, o que é atribuído a mudança da estrutura das firmas dos países desenvolvidos. Assim, este estudo contribui para uma modificação dos determinantes de alavancagem nos países componentes do G7.
Fatores que afetam a intenção de continuidade do uso de sistemas e-learning: um estudo com servidores públicos federais
Authors: Silva Cristiane Aparecida da , Santos Edicreia Andrade dos
Published: May 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo examinar quais são os reflexos das falhas cognitivas no uso da internet por parte dos servidores públicos federais na satisfação do design de conteúdo, na satisfação do design de interface e desses tipos de design no valor de utilidade percebida e na intenção de continuidade do uso dos sistemas e-learning adotados nos cursos de aperfeiçoamento. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e dados coletados a partir de um survey aplicado a 50 servidores públicos de um hospital universitário federal localizado na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Para testar as hipóteses, aplicou-se a técnica de equações estruturais. Os resultados indicaram que o valor de utilidade percebida afeta positivamente a intenção de continuidade do uso, porem, não foi possível confirmar que a falha cognitiva na internet afeta negativamente a satisfação do individuo com o design de conteúdo e com o design de interface do sistema e-learning, nem que a satisfação com o design de conteúdo e o design de interface afeta positivamente o valor de utilidade percebida. Em tempos de limitações financeiras, especialmente no setor público, os sistemas e-learning possibilitam que o treinamento atinja diversas forças de trabalho dispersas geograficamente, tornando-se ferramentas populares para facilitar processos de ensino e aprendizagem que viabilizam um aprendizado flexível.
A review of public health economic modelling in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
Authors: Reddy Brian P. , Walters Stephen J. , Thokala Praveen , Duenas Alejandra , Kelly Michael P.
Published: May 2020

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) use economic modelling to inform judgements whenever further insight is required for decision-making. Doing so for public health guidance poses several challenges. The study’s objective was to investigate the level of heterogeneity in NICE’s public health economic models with regards to economic evaluation techniques, perspectives on outcomes and the measurement of non-health benefits.

Methods: A review of all economic modelling reports published by NICE’s Centre for Public Health (CPH) as part of their guidance.

Results: The review identified 56 eligible pieces of public health over the relevant period. Of these, 43 used economic modelling and 13 used no formal economic model. In total 61 economic models were used. Though the CPH specifies a reference case, in practice there is a large amount of variability from one model to the next. The most common perspective used for evaluations was that of the National Health Service (NHS); the most common economic evaluation approach was cost-utility analysis (CUA). 23 of the 56 topics used other combinations of perspective and technique, which allowed them to incorporate non-health effects, such as productivity, the effect on taxes raised and benefits spending, costs to the criminal justice sector, the effect on educational attainment and general wellbeing.

Conclusions: NICE regularly updates its reference case, and non-CUA evaluation techniques have become more prominent in recent years. The results highlight the genuine advantages of having a variety of economic evaluation techniques available, which can be matched with the given topic. While it is always necessary to be wary of the possibility of gamesmanship and cherry picking, there is a surprising alignment between many approaches in certain circumstances.
Where the Heart Is: Information Production and the Home Bias
Authors: Cornaggia Jess N. , Cornaggia Kimberly J. , Israelsen Ryan D.
Published: May 2020

This paper tests whether home bias exists among information producers. We find that credit analysts are more generous when rating issuers from their home states compared with (a) benchmark analysts from outside the state and (b) their own standards for rating issuers from other states. This home analyst effect strengthens around key rating certifications (AAA and investment grade), reduces credit spreads, and expands affected issuers’ debt capacity. We conduct several tests to address the possibility that the observed home analyst effect reflects a selection effect based on informational advantages and conclude that it instead reflects a home bias.

This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Short-Sales Constraints and the Diversification Puzzle
Authors: Reed Adam V. , Saffi Pedro A. C. , Van Wesep Edward D.
Published: May 2020

Disagreement about stock valuation, combined with short-sales constraints, can increase asset prices. We build a model showing that, so long as investor beliefs are not perfectly correlated, investors disagree less about the value of a conglomerate than about each of its individual divisions. This generates a conglomerate discount with disagreement and short-sales constraints being complementary in explaining its cross-sectional variation. We test these predictions empirically and find substantial support: conglomerates have lower differences of opinion and lower short-sales constraints than pure-play firms. Furthermore, greater differences of opinion and tighter short-sales constraints are significant predictors of valuation differences between conglomerates and pure plays.

This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Reducing the distance to walk: establishing a remote maternity facility in Runga, Hoima District, Uganda
Authors: Grindle Rhiannon , Giannopoulou Sofia , Jacobs Harriet , Barongo Jerome , Cairns Alexandra Elspeth
Published: May 2020

Despite a substantial reduction in global maternal mortality, rates in low-income countries remain unacceptably high. Multiple contributing factors exist, grouped into three delays: health-seeking behaviour; accessibility of care; quality of care. In the Hoima District, rates of health facility delivery and skilled birth attendance remain low and maternal mortality exceeds the national average. Establishing the Midwives At Maternity Azur Clinic (February 2017) has addressed these issues at a local level. Health education and antenatal care are provided at the clinic, encouraging women to seek timely, appropriate intrapartum care. Access from surrounding villages is facilitated by a waiting home and weekly transport for antenatal care, alongside transport to a health facility with a staffed operating theatre, when required. It is run by a resident midwife, with regular training updates, and is stocked with the necessary resources for quality healthcare. Since its advent, village leaders report all-cause burials have reduced from one a day to one a week.
The Son-Rise Programme: an intervention to improve social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kahjoogh Mina Ahmadi , Pishyareh Ebrahim , Gharamaleki Fatemeh Fekar , Mohammadi Ahmad , Someh Abbas Soltani , Jasemi Sahar , Zali Mahdieh Mahmoudzadeh
Published: May 2020

Background/aims

Communication problems are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder. These problems usually lead to challenges in social interactions. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Son-Rise Programme on improving social interaction and communication in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Methods

Thirty children with autism spectrum disorder (aged 4–6) were involved in this study. The children were assigned randomly to one two groups, either the 1-week intensive Son-Rise Programme or the control group. They were evaluated using the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale before and after the study.

Results

The participants in the group of the Son-Rise Programme showed a significant improvement in their social interaction skills compared to the control group (P=0.001).

Conclusions

The Son-Rise Programme could improve social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder.
The Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility (HABAM): a useful tool to estimate length of hospital stay following hip and knee replacement
Authors: Martin Jack , Barker Karen
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims

The Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility is a measure of balance and mobility that can detect recovery of physical function, and can be used to identify patients at risk of delayed discharge. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility scores as a predictor of length of hospital stay in patients following hip and knee replacement.

Methods

Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility scores were collected on 191 patients following primary total joint replacement. Regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility and length of stay.

Results

Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility scores of <31 on the first post-operative day predicted longer than mean length of stay (4 days) with sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 83%. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that a Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility score of 50 was the optimal cut-off point for discharge.

Conclusions

Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility offers a practical way to quantify and objectively track patients' physical function, and can help identify patients at risk of an increased length of stay on post-operative day one.
Investigation of non-uniformly emitting optical fiber diffusers on the light distribution in tissue
Authors: Ströbl Stephan , Domke Matthias , Rühm Adrian , Sroka Ronald
Published: May 2020

The influence of inhomogeneities in the emission characteristics of optical fiber diffusers on the light distribution within biological tissue was evaluated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and by experiments on optical phantoms. Due to the strong scattering of light within biological tissue, inhomogeneities in the emission profile become blurred within a short light propagation distance, so that the light distribution within the tissue approaches that of a homogeneous diffuser. The degree of feature vanishing in the light distribution is mainly determined by the width of the inhomogeneities. It was shown that the influence of local inhomogeneities on top of a homogeneous light distribution fades away very effectively within 1 mm of tissue depth, which results in a light distribution very close to that for a homogeneously emitting diffuser. Emission profiles composed of multiple narrow peaks distributed over the full diffuser length with a peak-to-peak distance of less than 2 mm result in an almost homogeneous light distribution after approximately 1 mm of tissue depth. While this article is focused on the impact of diffuser inhomogeneities on the light distribution within the tissue, the importance of further investigations on the related thermal effects is also discussed.
Occlusion culling for computer-generated cylindrical holograms based on a horizontal optical-path-limit function
Authors: Li Yuejia , Wang Jun , Chen Chun , Li Bingyi , Yang Ruoxue , Chen Ni
Published: May 2020

Recently, great progress has been made in the research of cylindrical holography as a promising technique of 360° display. However, there is an unsolved issue of occlusion culling, which is critical to cylindrical holography and degrades the reconstructed images due to overlapping. To our knowledge, the occlusion issue in cylindrical holography has never been deeply discussed. In this paper, a method of occlusion culling is proposed for computer-generated cylindrical holograms based on a horizontal optical-path-limit function. In cylindrical diffraction, the propagation characteristics of light waves can be described by the point spread function, which is mainly obtained by analyzing the meaning of the obliquity factor in the concentric cylinder model. Different from the planar diffraction, the diffraction area of each source point is limited within the tangents in cylindrical diffraction. Therefore, a horizontal optical path limit function that acts directly on the point spread function for occlusion culling is established. Besides, the proposed method can be applied to the three-dimensional object by using the layer-oriented method. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed occlusion culling method is verified by the numerical simulation results and error analysis of the reconstructed images.
Lasing of N2+ induced by filamentation in air as a probe for femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Nolte Stefan , Ackermann Roland
Published: May 2020

We investigated ultrashort pulse filamentation and lasing action of

N

2
+

for pump-probe experiments in gases. Using femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, the white-light supercontinuum generated in the filament was used to excite ro-vibrational Raman transitions in air,

C
O

2

and

C
H

4

. We show that the lasing pulse acts as a probe for the excited levels by detecting the corresponding anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy signals. This feature may be applied to remote sensing applications, as the temporal and spatial alignment of the probe beam and the filament is intrinsically provided.
Compact diaphragm-based optical accelerometers with µg/√Hz resolution
Authors: Habib Afshar Behrad , Digonnet Michel J. F.
Published: May 2020

A compact fiber accelerometer that meets the resolution requirement for aircraft navigation is reported. It detects extremely weak acceleration-induced vibrations of a spring-loaded diaphragm using a two-wave interferometer with a

π

/

2

biasing step micro-fabricated on the diaphragm. A single-mode fiber provides a laser beam that interrogates the interferometer. This sensor has a measured flat-band sensitivity with a bandwidth of 10.7 kHz, and a resolution limited by thermo-mechanical noise of

13

µ

g

/

√

H
z

at 100 Torr, and

712

n
g

/

√

H
z

at 20 mTorr.
Unidirectional reflection from an integrated “taiji” microresonator
Authors: Calabrese A. , Ramiro-Manzano F. , Price H. M. , Biasi S. , Bernard M. , Ghulinyan M. , Carusotto I. , Pavesi L.
Published: May 2020

We study light transmission and reflection from an integrated microresonator device, formed by a circular microresonator coupled to a bus waveguide, with an embedded S-shaped additional crossover waveguide element that selectively couples counter-propagating modes in a propagation-direction-dependent way. The overall shape of the device resembles a “taiji” symbol, hence its name. While Lorentz reciprocity is preserved in transmission, the peculiar geometry allows us to exploit the non-Hermitian nature of the system to obtain high-contrast unidirectional reflection with negligible reflection for light incident in one direction and a significant reflection in the opposite direction.
Portugueses na Austrália: as primeiras viagens
Authors: Simões Carlota , Domingues Francisco Contente
Published: May 2020

Corria o ano de 2007 quando o jornalista britânico Peter Trickett publicou na Austrália um livro no qual atribuía a descoberta daAustrália ao português Cristóvão de Mendonça, ainda durante a primeira metadedo século XVI. Já nos anos setenta do século XX tinha havido uma acaloradadiscussão entre historiadores acerca da eventual descoberta da Austrália porportugueses, mas o assunto tinha ficado adormecido durante algumas décadas.Quando em 2008 se publicou, em Portugal, Para Além de Capricórnio. Comoos navegadores portugueses descobriram e cartografaram secretamente a costa daAustrália e da Nova Zelândia, 250 anos antes da chegada do Capitão Cook, atradução do livro de Trickett para português, o Museu da Ciência daUniversidade de Coimbra reuniu especialistas de diversas áreas para discutiremo tema. No presente livro encontram-se reunidas algumas das contribuições dessecolóquio, Portugueses na Austrália.
¿Existe un derecho humano a inmigrar? Una crítica del argumento de la continuidad lógica
Authors: Arcos Ramírez Federico
Published: May 2020

A través del argumento cantilever o de la continuidad lógica, Carens sostiene que las mismas razones que avalan el reconocimiento como un derecho humano de la libertad de circulación dentro de las fronteras, justifican una protección similar para la posibilidad de moverse a través de ellas. Este artículo trata de profundizar en las críticas que cuestionan de modo más serio esta tesis: la visión de la libertad de movimiento como un derecho no unido a la personalidad sino a la ciudadanía, su consideración como un medio para acceder únicamente a una gama adecuada de opciones de vida, el argumento de la prioridad de la justicia igualitaria doméstica frente a una movilidad internacional dirigida a satisfacer intereses no vitales, y la concepción del ius migrandi como un derecho de «fuga». A partir del examen de estos argumentos críticos y, con el telón de fondo de la polémica entre las concepciones ética y política de los derechos humanos, expondré mis propias conclusiones sobre la existencia o no de un derecho humano a la movilidad internacional.
Estudo experimental de um dessalinizador solar do tipo bandeja com dupla inclinação para potabilização de água no semiárido paraibano
Authors: Vilar de Brito Yohanna Jamilla , Cardoso Maria Karolina Borba , Silva Karyna Steffane da , Silva Camylla Barbosa , Medeiros Keila Machado de , Lima Carlos António Pereira de
Published: May 2020

A escassez hídrica tem atingido significativamente a região nordeste do Brasil. Embora esta região não possua grande disponibilidade de água potável para o consumo humano, há águas salobras, que ao passar por processo de dessalinização tornam-se adequadas para o consumo humano. Um dessalinizador solar tipo bandeja com dupla inclinação foi utilizado com o intuito de obter uma água tratada conforme os padrões de potabilidade para o consumo humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o desempenho térmico e a qualidade da água antes e após o processo de dessalinização. As águas brutas foram oriundas de três poços de comunidades rurais, Sítio Escurinha do Meio (Poço P1), Sítio Poço da Pedra (Poço P2) e Sítio Escurinha de Baixo (Poço P3) no município de Juazeirinho – PB. Foi observado uma produção média de água potável de 1583,3 mL.m-2.dia-1 para um índice de radiação solar média de 1.005,4 W.m-2. Os parâmetros físico-químicos da água bruta e dessalinizada foram monitorados, ocorrendo reduções significativas, principalmente no teor de sódio de 98,33%, 99,92% 97,83% e na condutividade elétrica de 97,79%, 99,13% e 97,69%, para os poços P1, P2 e P3 respectivamente.
Geschlechterrollen und Homosexualität im Alten Testament
Authors: Leuenberger Martin
Published: May 2020

After a few hermeneutical preliminaries reflecting on how to perceive ›homosexuality‹ appropriately in ancient contexts within the framework of gender roles, the exegetic contribution first casts an iconographic glance at two Ancient Near Eastern images. This background then helps to sharpen the contours of prominent OT texts: On the one hand, the narrative creation texts in Gen 1-3 elaborate two distinct models of human gender roles, both of which should be understood as fundamental anthropological and theological constructions and conceptualizations. On the other hand, it becomes clear that the only explicit statement on sexual intercourse between two men in Lev 18:22/20:13 represents a prescriptive parenesis seeking to ensure the transgenerational survival of the threatened Yahweh-community in the Persian province of Yehud. In both instances, the contexts and pragmatics of the texts are essential when asking about possible implications for understanding ›homosexuality‹.
Trump - ein amerikanischer Traum?
Authors: Fach Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Donald Trump als Präsident - das war bis zu seinem Triumph unvorstellbar. Noch mehr erstaunt, dass halb Amerika ihn wiederwählen will, darunter ein erheblicher Anteil, für den sich diese Treue nicht einmal »rechnet«. Wenn gerade dort, wo die westliche Demokratie ihren Siegeszug angetreten haben soll, einer wie er so viel Zustimmung erhält, dann fragt man sich, ob 200 Jahre politische Kultur einfach entsorgt werden können. Eigentlich nicht. Was den Verdacht nahelegt, Amerikas demokratische Tradition habe so, wie man sie feiert, womöglich nie existiert. Wer dieser Spur nachgeht, stößt auf des Rätsels Lösung: Es ist nicht zuletzt ein zeit- und zielloser Traum vom »starken Mann«, der Trumps Triumph erklärt.
Armut und Umweltschutz
Authors: Huber Elisabeth
Published: May 2020

Elisabeth Huber untersucht in ihrer Studie die Möglichkeiten umweltgerechten Handelns der ärmeren städtischen Bevölkerungsschichten im urbanen Raum Westafrikas. Dazu analysiert sie die Praktiken der Abfall- und Abwasserentsorgung in Bamako (Mali) und Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) unter den dafür relevanten ökonomischen, sozialen und kulturellen Bedingungen. Neben der Erörterung von Armut anhand monetärer Aspekte, fehlender Verwirklichungschancen sowie familiärer und nachbarschaftlicher Solidaritätsstrategien stellt sie die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Umweltbewusstsein, Umweltverschmutzung, Umweltschutz, Wohn- und Lebensbedingungen, Infrastruktur und dem »Recht auf Stadt«.
Socializing Development
Authors: Schettler Leon Valentin
Published: May 2020

As Multilateral Development Banks increasingly gained influence in shaping global development, transnational social movements pushed to hold them accountable for their human rights impact towards communities. Leon Valentin Schettler presents a novel causal mechanism of movement advocacy towards MDBs, combining disruptive and conventional tactics. Systematically comparing the evolution of human rights standards and complaint mechanisms over the last three decades, he reveals how the combination of 1) declining US hegemony, 2) counter-mobilization by China and 3) movement cooptation by the World Bank bureaucracy led to a dilution of human rights accountability in the 2010s.
Movilidad Intergeneracional e Igualdad de Oportunidades: el caso del NOA
Authors: Ramasco Andrés
Published: May 2020

Esta investigación propone analizar empíricamente el fenómeno de la movilidad intergeneracional de la educación, llevando a cabo una caracterización a nivel regional y poniendo énfasis en el NOA. La estrategia utilizada en el trabajo son estadísticas descriptivas y un modelo probit para el caso de la movilidad absoluta (comparación con progenitores) y regresiones para el caso de la movilidad relativa (cambios en la distribución a través del tiempo), disgregando por género y para inmigrantes limítrofes. En este estudio estimamos los coeficientes de persistencia intergeneracional de la educación, y un modelo probit para buscar los determinantes de que un individuo salga o no de la pobreza o persista o no en la riqueza luego de una generación. Obtenemos como resultado que los hijos heredan alrededor de medio año de educación adicional por cada año de educación adicional de sus padres, y que existen ciertas diferencias entre regiones. Otro resultado importante es la informalidad del empleo del jefe de hogar como variable explicativa de la persistencia de la pobreza. Por otro lado, otro hallazgo importante es la informalidad del empleo del jefe de hogar como variable explicativa de la persistencia de la pobreza, como contraparte de esto, individuos cuyos padres poseen un empleo de cuello blanco poseen mayor probabilidad de persistir en la parte superior de la distribución de educación.
Modelización financiera mediante modelos híbridos Arima–Garch: evidencia para Argentina
Authors: Larre Tomás Francisco , Auza Joaquín
Published: May 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es modelizar el patrón de volatilidad presente en la serie histórica de retornos del principal índice del Mercado de Valores de Buenos Aires (MERVAL) entre el 1 de enero de 2013 y el 6 de junio de 2016, empleando la familia de modelos híbridos ARIMA–GARCH. Se realiza un estudio de literatura econométrica enfocada a la modelización de índices bursátiles para otras economías emergentes. Se verifican las condiciones para el empleo de esta familia de modelos. El análisis confirma la presencia de asimetría y efecto apalancamiento por los que se utilizan modelos asimétricos E–GARCH y GJR–GARCH, tanto con distribución Normal como con distribución t – Student. Se estiman de forma iterativa modelos para distintos órdenes de las especificaciones mencionadas. Para la selección de modelos dentro de la muestra se recurre al Criterio de Información de Schwarz. Se somete los modelos estimados a una secuencia de pruebas de hipótesis a fin de garantizar el cumplimiento de las siguientes propiedades: la captura de todo componente sistemático del proceso, inexistencia de sesgo de signos y magnitud y estabilidad de los parámetros. Posteriormente, se hacen observaciones fuera de la muestra con el fin de evaluar su poder de pronóstico. Finalmente, se constata que el E–GARCH ~ t (1, 1), conmodelos de media ARMA (2,0) y ARMA (2,1) resulta superior dentro de la muestra y su capacidad predictiva no resulta significativamente inferior a la de otros modelos estimados.
Gen Z, «pestañea–comparte– ríe–olvida»: Un modelo de fidelización basado en RSE
Authors: Cejas Santiago , González Sofía , Tesio María Antonella
Published: May 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar el grado en que influyen las prácticas de responsabilidad social empresaria que llevan a los miembros de la generación Z a ser leales a las marcas de la categoría de celulares, dentro del ámbito de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, basada en 403 encuestas válidas realizadas durante junio de 2019, en la ciudad de Córdoba, con casos seleccionados según un método no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se estableció un modelo teórico en el que la responsabilidad social empresariaincide positivamente en aspectos conativos (intención de compra), cognitivos (brand equity) y afectivos (identificación consumidor–empresa); los cuales, a su vez, influyen positivamente en la lealtad. Se aplicaron métodos de regresión lineal para la comprobación estadística de dicho modelo. Se comprobaron las hipótesis planteadas y se estableció una relación positiva entre los constructos del modelo y la lealtad, siendo el de mayor influencia el aspecto conativo representado por la intención de compra. El estudio realizado se acota a la categoría celulares, pudiendo tener dificultades en extrapolar el modelo a otras categorías. Existen restricciones también, al no contar con un estudio exploratorio previo, y ciertos sesgos probables por el tipo de muestra utilizada.Se constata la importancia de la construcción de un valor de marcaalineado con las prácticas de RSE, como también la creación de uncontexto favorable para la intención de compra y para la formación delealtad en la generación Z.
Diversidad en las organizaciones. Condicionamientos de lo visible y lo invisible
Authors: Vinsennau Daniel José , Simonetta Carlos David
Published: May 2020

Una sociedad que ha ido progresando hacia modos más abiertos que en el pasado, y con un discurso apoyado en nuevos valores, ha permitido visibilizar demandas sociales provenientes de grupos que históricamente han estado en un segundo plano, a la vez que sufriendo —en no pocas ocasiones— importantes niveles de discriminación. Esto ha hecho patente la existencia de ciertos grupos de personas «diversas» con necesidades específicas de acuerdo con cada una de sus particulares realidades. Lo que ha dado lugar a la idea de diversidad entendida, en principio, como la suma total del potencial que se encuentra en todo grupo de personas a causa de la singularidad de cada una de ellas; lo que supone un reconocimiento y apreciación de las diferencias. En el marco de una metodología que combina enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos de carácter fenomenológico, el presente trabajo pretende examinar los condicionamientos visibles e invisibles que afectan la noción de diversidad en la consideración ideológica de actores involucrados en la cotidianeidad de la complejidad organizacional pertenecientes al entorno de la UNICEN– Tandil. Los resultados obtenidos alientan a concluir que el tema presenta un campo de estudio a explorar en el que la diversidad visible despierta condicionamientos distintos de los de la diversidad no visible. La propensión a liderar grupos diversos y reclutar personas diversas depende de la categoría de diversidad de la que se trate, y existen algunos indicios de prejuicios para algunas categorías.
Costos asimétricos en empresas argentinas: análisis de modelos
Authors: Barbero Maciel
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo sigue, en sus primeras tres secciones, el trabajo de Banker y Bysalov (2014). Si bien se respeta el orden cronológico en que son presentados los temas, la estructura interna de cada sección fue modificada y se agregaron algunas aclaraciones que facilitan la comprensión de los mismos. Las referencias corresponden a los autores citados en el trabajo original. Debido a que los costos son fundamentalmente los determinantes de las ganancias en las empresas, es necesario revisar como estos varían según sea el nivel de actividad. Además, los costos son determinantes/ condicionantes de la inversión y la competitividad de un país y tener conocimiento sobre cuáles son las causas de su comportamiento permitirá aportar información para que los tomadores de decisiones en las empresas tengan en consideración. El comportamiento asimétrico de los costos implica que no siempre presentarán un comportamiento idéntico en sus magnitudes de ajuste cuando haya aumentos o caídas en las ventas. Banker, Byzalov y Mashruwala (2014) sostienen que los administradores retienen recursos ociosos a pesar de que las ventas en los períodos anteriores fueron decrecientes. Se argumenta que los costos pegajosos o rígidos a la baja, uno de los posibles comportamientos asimétricos, surgen porque ya existe una holgura de recursos o capacidad instalada y existe además un costo presente o futuro si se quiere realizar un ajuste hacia la baja en esos recursos ociosos.

Banker, Byzalov y Chen (2013) argumentan que uno de los determinantes principales de los costos asimétricos es la magnitud de los costos de ajuste de los recursos. La investigación analiza si existe un comportamiento asimétrico de los costos en empresas argentinas listadas en el Mercado de Valores para el período de análisis 2002–2012. Para ello, se comparan distintos modelos con distintas hipótesis implícitas.
El lenguaje de los medios de comunicación en los premios ‘Miguel Delibes’
Authors: Monjas Eleta María
Published: May 2020

Este artículo plantea una aproximación a la forma en que los medios de comunicación, concretamente la prensa, abordan su propio tratamiento de la lengua, cómo se afrontan las novedades o desviaciones de la norma, si se utilizan los medios como plataforma de educación lingüística o si se favorece el reconocimiento de la riqueza del español. Para ello se ha seleccionado como corpus de análisis 25 textos de 22 autores galardonados de la categoría de prensa, tanto en papel como digital, con el Premio Nacional de Periodismo Miguel Delibes de la Asociación de la Prensa de Valladolid desde su creación en 1996. El análisis de contenido permite obtener datos cuantitativos: el perfil de los autores es mayoritariamente el de periodista; el diario más galardonado es el periódico español de mayor difusión, El País, aunque destaca la presencia de periódicos de Castilla y León, región donde se convoca el premio. La investigación revela que los temas más habituales son los aspectos de corrección lingüística y reflexiones sobre la evolución del idioma. Las conclusiones, en el plano cualitativo, identifican como uno de los elementos centrales de los artículos la tensión, siempre existente en la lengua, entre la norma y las desviaciones o novedades. Esta tensión se presenta con triple visión: la pesimista de quienes piensan que se deteriora el idioma, la optimista de quienes defienden la fortaleza de la lengua y la realista, que opta por una posición práctica, utilizar la prensa como plataforma de educación lingüística.
Pedagogía y didáctica de la literatura: tramas de la subjetividad e imaginación
Authors: Baquero Másmela Pedro
Published: May 2020

Antes de presentar algunas ideas problemáticas sobre lo que pudiéramos llamar, de una parte, pedagogía de la literatura y, de otra, didáctica de la misma materia, quizá sea pertinente establecer ciertos límites del razonamiento que respecto de estos dos conceptos pretendemos presentar aquí. Para el efecto quiero situar tres tesis básicas a partir de las cuales intentaré poner en cuestión los usos que en nuestro medio se hacen de los términos y discutir, luego, sus implicaciones no sólo en las prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la literatura o cualquier otro saber, sino en lo que es más profundo: en las relaciones de éstas con las tramas de la subjetividad y con la consecuente constitución de determinados tipos de conciencia e identidades en cuyo trasfondo se muestran los dispositivos del poder y la gubernamentalidad que cada época instaura.