bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepção e atitude do cirurgião-dentista diante do atendimento emergencial a mulheres em situação de violência: uma revisão de escopo
Authors: Pereira Silvilene Giovane Martins , Vargas Andrea Maria Duarte , Sampaio Aline Araujo , Silva Carlos José de Paula , Matoso Bárbara da Silva Mourthé , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e
Published: August 2022

Resumo Avaliar por meio de uma revisão de escopo estudos que abordam a percepção e atitude do cirurgião-dentista diante do atendimento a mulheres em situação de violência. Utilizando os descritores women violence, dentist attendence ou dentist care, foram identificados 473 artigos, sendo incluídos 13, ao final da seleção. Embora a necessidade de capacitação tenha sido predominante, ela não é suficiente. Existe uma fragilidade em se compreender a violência como problema de saúde, de entender o papel do profissional na solução desse problema, os fatores que podem contribuir com seu crescimento ou seu controle. Os resultados revelaram que o cirurgião-dentista apresentou maior dificuldade do que os outros profissionais no enfrentamento e exigem um amplo aprendizado. O reconhecimento dos referidos casos pelo cirurgião-dentista exige a incorporação de medidas educativas que provoquem mudanças culturais, desconstrução de normas de gênero e a desnaturalização desse fenômeno social.
Evaluation of the brown alga, Sargassum muticum extract as an antimicrobial and feeding additives
Authors: Nofal A. , Azzazy M. , Ayyad S. , Abdelsalm E. , Abousekken M. S. , Tammam O.
Published: August 2022

Abstract Plant disease administration is difficult due to the nature of phytopathogens. Biological control is a safe method to avoid the problems related to fungal diseases affecting crop productivity and some human pathogenic bacteria. For that, the antimicrobial activity of the seaweed Sargassum muticum methanol and water extracts were investigated against human bacterial pathogens and fungal plant pathogens. By using 70 percent methanol, the seaweed powder was extracted, feeding additives assay, ultrastructure (TEM). Results revealed significant inhibition of S. muticum methanol extract against Salmonella typhi (25.66 mm), Escherichia coli (24.33 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22.33 mm) and Bacillus subtilis. (19.66 mm), some fungal phytopathogens significantly inhibited Fusarium moniliforme (30.33mm), Pythium ultimum (26.33 mm), Aspergillus flavus (24.36mm), and Macrophomina phaseolina (22.66mm). Phytochemical investigation of S. muticum extract showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Results suggested that there is an appreciable level of antioxidant potential in S. muticum (79.86%) DPPH scavenging activity. Ultrastructural studies of Fusarium moniliforme hypha grown on a medium containing S. muticum extract at concentration 300mg/ml showed a thickening cell wall, disintegration of cytoplasm, large lipid bodies and vacuoles. In conclusion, our study revealed The antibacterial activity of S. muticum extract significantly against some Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic and some mycotoxin producer fungi. Flavonoids, phenolic play an important role as antioxidants and antimicrobial properties. Such study revealed that S. muticum methanol extract could be used as ecofriendly biocontrol for phytopathogenic fungi and feeding additives to protect livestock products.
Representations of Female Beauty: C&A Brazil and Portugal (Spring/Summer 2018)
Authors: Oliveira Hadassa Guimarães , Lapa Tiago José
Published: August 2022

Abstract: This objective of this study is to compare and analyze how forms of female beauty were approached in the Spring / Summer 2018 campaigns on the Facebook pages of the clothing retailer C&A, in Brazil and Portugal. The key question is to understand how the company approached female beauty for the female audience, which included women and people who identify themselves as female, in both countries. The method of analysis is exploratory, qualitative, and quantitative, and applied content analysis to images used in the selected campaigns, and categorized elements to help compare them. The results of the study show that the company subtly sought to represent a diversity of different forms of female beauty although it has not yet presented a more evident inclusion of this representativeness.
Hacia un nuevo marco para superar las sombras del feminismo institucional
Authors: Maqueda Aldasoro Ayala , Sáez de la Fuente Aldama Izaskun
Published: August 2022

Resumen: Las agencias de igualdad de género nacen para dar una respuesta institucional a la situación de injusticia estructural que sufren las mujeres. Estos organismos se han expandido por todo el planeta y su rol para desafiar el estatus quo patriarcal ha sido cuestionado por algunos sectores de los movimientos de mujeres, que detectan serios déficits en su funcionamiento. El artículo analiza las líneas fundamentales de semejante debate y recoge las principales críticas que impiden desarrollar el potencial ético del feminismo institucional. Para superar dichas limitaciones, el artículo propone la perspectiva de la rendición social de cuentas en clave de género y efectúa una relectura de dicho marco desde algunas de las principales categorías éticas que están en su base: injusticia estructural, responsabilidad, representación y poder.
Identidade de gênero de homens transexuais à luz de Paul Preciado
Authors: Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Boffi Leticia Carolina
Published: August 2022

Resumo: Este estudo teórico-reflexivo se propõe a explorar a transmasculinidade na perspectiva da teoria de Paul B. Preciado, a partir da abordagem das concepções de identidade que a atravessam e de suas repercussões na categoria gênero. O desenvolvimento das identidades transmasculinas perpassa a desidentificação com a cisheteronormatividade para subsequente identificação como sujeitos masculinos baseando-se, muitas vezes, nos efeitos plástico-prostéticos do consumo de hormônios sintéticos, que lhes possibilitam a externalização de suas subjetividades e identidades masculinas a partir das modificações do relevo corporal e de seu reconhecimento social e validação enquanto tais.
Silagens mistas de cana-de-açúcar e amendoim forrageiro tratadas com Lactobacillus buchneri
Authors: Costa Douglas Rodrigues da , Ribeiro Karina Guimarães , Cruz Gabriel Ferreira de Lima , Silva Thiago Carvalho da , Cardoso Lucas Ladeira , Pereira Odilon Gomes
Published: August 2022

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar composição química, perfil fermentativo, população de microrganismos e recuperação de matéria seca (RMS) de silagem de cana-de-açúcar contendo níveis crescentes (0, 25, 50 e 75%, na base da matéria natural) de amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte), tratadas ou não com Lactobacillus buchneri. Usou-se o esquema fatorial 4×2, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Verificou-se efeito de interação níveis de amendoim forrageiro e inoculante para teores de matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, ácidos orgânicos e etanol, população de bactérias láticas e leveduras, perdas por gases e por efluente e RMS. Houve efeito de níveis de amendoim forrageiro no teor de hemicelulose, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido, pH e nitrogênio amoniacal. Verificou-se que o aumento de níveis de amendoim forrageiro incrementou teor de proteína e diminuiu teor de fibra, além de reduzir a produção de etanol e de efluente. Recomenda-se inclusão de 40% a 75% de amendoim forrageiro na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar para melhorar a composição química e o perfil de fermentação. A inoculação com L. buchneri associada ao amendoim forrageiro aumenta a concentração de ácidos antifúngicos na silagem e decresce a população de leveduras e a produção de etanol.
Physical inactivity and dementia in Brazil: a call to action
Authors: Feter Natan , Leite Jayne Santos
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Low- and middle-income countries will house two-thirds of cases of dementia in the world by 2050, while the incidence is decreasing in some high-income countries. In Brazil, one in four cases of dementia can be attributable to physical inactivity. Considering the projected prevalence of dementia by 2050 in Brazil, well-coordinated task forces are needed to improve awareness of non-pharmacological approaches in order to reduce the current and projected burden of dementia in the country. In this study, we discussed the current scenario and perspectives of physical inactivity and dementia in Brazil.
Spatiotemporal pattern and factors related to infant mortality in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Araujo Geovana Almeida dos Santos , Maranhão Thatiana Araújo , Sousa Daniele de Brito , Sousa George Jó Bezerra , Lira Neto José Claudio Garcia , Pereira Maria Lúcia Duarte , Castro Révia Ribeiro , Silva José Wagner Martins da
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal pattern and factors related to infant mortality in Northeastern Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Method: Ecological study developed with infant deaths that occurred in the Northeast and reported in the Mortality Information System. Non-spatial and spatial regression models were used to identify indicators related to infant mortality. Results: The mortality rate showed a decreasing trend of 2.1% per year (95% CI: -2.7 - -1.6; p<0.001), with higher Bayesian coefficients concentrated in in municipalities in the interior of Piauí. The variables related to infant mortality were: Gini Index (β = 6.56; p=0.01), Municipal Human Development Index (β = -22.21; p 0.001), dependency ratio (β = 0.16; p <0.001), percentage of people in households without electricity (β = -0.12; p<0.001) and percentage of women aged 10 to 17 who had children (β=0.19; p=0.01). Conclusion: There was a decrease in infant mortality during the studied period and high Bayesian rates in the interior of Piauí.
Production and validation of educational video to encourage breastfeeding
Authors: Dantas Daniella Canejo , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Santos Andressa Silva Torres dos , Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da , Silva Maria da Anunciação , Silva Liliane Faria da
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To produce and validate an educational technology in health in video format to encourage breastfeeding in families. Methods: Methodological study, carried out in a virtual environment, from February to August 2021, in seven stages. The Content Validity Index was used, with desirable values equal to or greater than 0.70. Results: The video lasting 7 minutes and 38 seconds was validated by 20 expert judges and 20 pregnant women, postpartum women, and family members, using a Global Content Validity Index of 0.97 and 1.00, respectively. All items evaluated regarding functionality, usability, efficiency, audiovisual technique, environment, procedure, objectives, organization, video style, appearance and motivation reached indexes equal to or greater than 0.95. Conclusions: The video produced is a validated educational technology that can be used to encourage breastfeeding with families, as it elucidates, in an innovative and creative way, different issues related to breastfeeding.
Produção e validação de vídeo educativo para o incentivo ao aleitamento materno
Authors: Dantas Daniella Canejo , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Santos Andressa Silva Torres dos , Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da , Silva Maria da Anunciação , Silva Liliane Faria da
Published: August 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Produzir e validar uma tecnologia educacional em saúde em formato de vídeo, para o incentivo ao aleitamento materno junto às famílias. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, realizado em ambiente virtual, de fevereiro a agosto de 2021, em sete etapas. Utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, tendo como desejáveis valores iguais ou maiores a 0,70. Resultados: O vídeo, com duração de 7 minutos e 38 segundos, foi validado por 20 juízes especialistas e 20 gestantes, puérperas e familiares, mediante Índice de Validade de Conteúdo Global de 0,97 e 1,00, respectivamente. Todos os itens avaliados quanto à funcionalidade, usabilidade, eficiência, técnica audiovisual, ambiente, procedimento, objetivos, organização, estilo do vídeo, aparência e motivação alcançaram índices iguais ou maiores a 0,95. Conclusões: O vídeo produzido é uma tecnologia educacional validada, que pode ser utilizada para incentivar o aleitamento materno junto às famílias, pois elucida, de maneira inovadora e criativa, distintas questões relacionadas à amamentação.
Optimal soybean sowing window adjusted to climatic variability based on El Nino-Southern Oscillation using agrometeorological modeling
Authors: Lima Marcus José Alves de , Nunes Hildo Giuseppe Garcia Caldas , Sampaio Leila Sobral , Souza Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de , Fraisse Clyde William
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Determining the optimal sowing window (OSW) based on climate variability associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can provide valuable information for agricultural planning in the tropics. This study aimed to calibrate, evaluate and apply the CROPGRO-Soybean model for determining the OSW across the ENSO phases for soybean-producing areas in the Pará State, northern Brazil. First, the model was calibrated and evaluated using experimental data collected in the field, between 2006 and 2009. In this process, the model estimates showed a good agreement with the observed data for soybean phenology, growth and yield, demonstrating potential to simulate the crop yield in this part of the Amazon. After calibration, the model was used in the seasonal mode to simulate 18 planting dates, over 39 years and in three locations. The simulated yields were divided into three ENSO phases. The set of sowing dates that showed a high frequency (> 80 %) of yields above 3,500 kg ha−1 integrated the OSW for each location and ENSO phases. The OSW duration differed between locations and ENSO phases, varying more during La Nina than El Nino events. However, regardless of the location or ENSO phase, late sowing was more suitable, because, besides favoring a greater frequency of good climate conditions for the development, growth and high yields, it also favors a lower risk of rainfall during the harvest period.
THE EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION PERCEPTION ON POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM AFRICA
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Toklo S.
Published: August 2022

Scholars have previously examined the relationship between corruption and political participation with mixed results. However, some citizens are aware of corruption but choose to tolerate it. How does this tolerance for corruption influence citizens' political conduct? This research contributes to the literature by examining whether citizens' tolerance for corruption affects their participation in political activities, particularly on voter turnout and protest. The study uses regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between corruption tolerance and these two indicators of political participation. Using round 3 of the Afrobarometer data for 18 Sub-Saharan African countries, I hypothesize that individuals' tolerance of corruption decreases their willingness to vote in elections and participate in protests. The findings corroborate this expectation and demonstrate substantial robustness to various model specifications
Misinformation and Fact-checking on the disturbances of the Procés of Catalonia : Digital impact on Public and Media
Authors: Curiel Concha Pérez , Rúas-Araújo Xosé , Barrientos-Báez Almudena
Published: August 2022

The outbreak of misinformation and computational propaganda added to the invasion of fake news and the prominence of audiences on social networks becomes a hallmark of the political and media agenda. The publication of the Sentence of the Supreme Court that sanctions the rebellion of independent politicians during the Procés of Catalonia provokes citizen mobilizations that occupy the front pages of the media. The general objective is to know the number and theme of hoaxes spread about the riots on different digital platforms. We apply a content analysis methodology to a general sample (n1=4.500) of hoaxes reported by factchecking agencies (Maldito Bulo, Newtral, Verificat) and news (n2=190) published in the national and international press (El País/el Mundo, El Periódico/Ara, The Guardian/Le Monde). The results confirm that private users are the main authors of fake news and that journalists use verification codes to combat misinformation.
Lead concentration in human hair in Russia: a systematic review
Authors: Chanchaeva Elena А. , Grjibovski Andrej M. , Sukhova Maria G.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Extensive measures to reduce lead concentrations in the biosphere are implemented in many countries, therefore, the world community predicts a decrease in the quantitative content of lead in the environment. The concentration of lead in human hair is considered as an indicator of environmental pollution, therefore, systematized information on this indicator in the subjects of the Russian Federation is necessary to assess the effectiveness of environmental measures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. We performed a systematic search and qualitative synthesis of scientific literature on hair concentrations of lead across Russia between 2011 and 2021. PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU were the main sources of scientific information in English and Russian, respectively. Initial search returned 1748 matches. Thirty-seven papers remained for qualitative synthesis after screening and eligibility analysis.
RESULTS: During the study period, the results of studies on 27 subjects of the Russian Federation were published, which is one third of all subjects of the federation. No heterogeneity was observed in sample preparation while methods of laboratory analysis varied between the settings and included inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry and inversion voltammetry. The sample sizes ranged from 5 to 5908 individuals. The average lead concentrations varied between 0.01 and 6.54 mg/kg. The greatest concentrations of lead were reported in the Orenburg (6.54 mg/kg) and Chita Regions (4.35 mg/kg).
CONCLUSION: Two-thirds of all subjects of the Russian Federation for the period 20112021 are not covered by the study, so there are no data on the concentration of lead in the hair of the population of these regions. Further data collection should be performed using representative and sufficient sample samples while presentation of the results should contain detailed information on methods of data collection and analysis to ensure reproducibility and comparability of the findings.
Highest economic status increases risk of cesarean section in women of childbearing age
Authors: Idris Haerawati , Anggraini Rini
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUNDCesarean section (CS) rates that are higher than the WHO recommendation may pose morbidity and mortality risks for both mother and child. In recent years, the number of CS deliveries has been increasing in developed and developing countries. The aim of the present study was to determine the rate of CS delivery and socioeconomic and demographic factors as risk factors of cesarean delivery in women of childbearing age.
METHODSThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS). The research subjects were 14,724 women of childbearing age aged 15-49 years who had given birth and met the inclusion criteria. The rate of CS was determined and the associations between independent and dependent variables were explored using logistic regression.
RESULTSThe CS rate was 17.9%. Variables that had a significant relationship with cesarean delivery were geographic region, economic status, occupation, education, birth attendant, insurance ownership and antenatal care visits. The most dominant influencing variable was the highest economic status (OR 3.566; 95% CI: 2.857-4.452). Respondents with the highest economic status had a 3.5 times greater risk of having a cesarean delivery than subjects with the lowest economic status after controlling for the other variables.
CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that the highest economic status increased the risk of CS delivery in women of childbearing age. The current epidemiological findings and evidence suggest adopting and implementing some strict guidelines in the health system to avoid unnecessary delivery by CS.
Long-COVID neurological symptoms are associated with D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Mirawati Diah Kurnia , Budianto Pepi , Danuaji Rivan , Subandi Subandi , Ristinawati Ira , Prabaningtyas Hanindia Riani
Published: August 2022

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease designated as a global pandemic by the WHO that can manifest clinically as neurological disorders that can occur in the acute phase or after the acute phase (long COVID-19), such as headache, myalgia, anosmia, and cognitive impairment. These neurological disorders as symptoms of long COVID-19 are presumably caused by hypercoagulable conditions characterized by an increase in D-dimer level. This study aims to determine the correlation of long COVID-19 neurological symptoms with hypercoagulable conditions and the role of D-dimer as a biomarker of long COVID-19 neurological symptoms.
MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 31 patients with long COVID-19 symptoms. Admitted long COVID-19 cases with recorded D-dimer levels and definitive outcomes were included consecutively. Long COVID-19 neurological symptoms were collected. D-dimer level was measured using immunofluorescence assay and reported in fibrinogen equivalent units (ìg/mL). The correlation between D-dimer levels and neurological clinical manifestations was assessed by using ordinal regression analysis. The p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 38.81 ± 11.58 years and 18 (58.06%) were female. Long COVID neurological symptoms comprised myalgia, anosmia and cephalgia, and most subjects complained of myalgia (80.65%). On multivariable analysis, long-COVID-19 neurological symptoms were significantly correlated with D-dimer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.05; p=0.020].
ConclusionThe number of neurological long COVID symptoms were significantly correlated with level of D-Dimer. Ultimately, more clarity is needed on the neurological impact of COVID-19, its diagnosis, and its treatment.
The role of molecular pathology in the precision diagnosis and subclassification of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Effendi Kathryn , Kwa Wit Thun , Ueno Akihisa , Sakamoto Michiie
Published: August 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide despite recent advances in surveillance and therapeutic management. The outcomes for HCC patients remain poor, often as a result of late diagnosis or lack of effective treatments. Early detection and precise diagnosis are evidently crucial in improving the prognosis of HCC. However, HCC is a highly heterogeneous cancer with various clinical backgrounds and altered molecular pathways; these factors make its precise diagnosis more difficult. Approximately 25% of HCCs harbor actionable mutations, which are yet to be translated into clinical practice. In the era of precision medicine, molecular or genomic information are indispensable for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. Exploring genomic alterations has become a requirement for identifying the molecular subtypes of HCC. Recent studies have introduced molecular markers to help identify early HCC and to clarify its multistep process of carcinogenesis. The subclassification of tumors into proliferation class and nonproliferation class HCCs gives pointers to the HCC phenotype and facilitates the selection of appropriate treatments. In this review, we broadly summarize some of the latest insights into HCC subclassification from the perspective of molecular pathology. Immunohistochemistry-based subclassification allows improved characterization of HCC in daily clinical practice. Moreover, analysis of the immune microenvironment, intra-tumoral morphological heterogeneity, and imaging features gives additional information regarding the classification of HCC. Combinations of these approaches are expected to inform and advance the precision diagnosis and management of HCC.
Assessment of the competitive environment of the market of housing services of the city of Voronezh
Authors: Kemaikin Nikolay K.
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the level of competition of management companies serving apartment buildings in the city of Voronezh. A review of studies on this topic showed that there are many works on assessing the structure of the market and the level of concentration, but there are practically no scientific works on studying the market of housing services. The purpose of this scientific work is to assess the level of competition in the housing services market of the city of Voronezh for further analysis of the level of achievement of some strategic indicators of the development of the municipality. The following tasks are solved in the study: to establish the number of managing organizations providing services in the housing and communal services market; calculate the market shares owned by management organizations in this market of housing services; calculate market concentration criteria. The subject of the study is a variety of theoretical and practical issues from the analysis of market structures and various indicators of market concentration. The methodological and theoretical basis of this scientific work is based on the work of Russian scientists, statistical data, legal acts, as well as data from publicly available official websites of municipal and regional authorities. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that indicators of market power and market competition were used to assess the level of competition in the market of organizations serving apartment buildings in the city of Voronezh. General logical analysis, systematic approach, tabular presentation of data were used as the main methods of scientific research. Based on the values of market concentration indicators, conclusions are drawn about the current level of competition of management companies in the city of Voronezh. The obtained results of the study make it possible to repeat the used algorithm for assessing the level of competition in relation to any municipality. From a practical point of view, the study allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of municipal government in terms of ensuring one of the components of economic security. There is a high level of competition in the management market of apartment buildings in the city of Voronezh.
«Сlosed sky» shock: trends and forecasts
Authors: Kuzmina Lyudmila V. , Merzlikina Alexandra S.
Published: August 2022

The article deals with situations related to the closure of airspace and a significant decrease in the number of air traffic, which we have observed twice in recent history. For the first time in 2020, due to the spread of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection, there was a powerful wave of closure of air traffic between the countries. For the second time, in 2022, there was a similar closure of airspace, but for other reasons of a station nature that arose due to the introduction of a number of sanctions and restrictive measures (a ban on landing, taking off and flying over the territory) from the European states. The article analyzes the emerging trends from the perspective of the industry as a whole and airlines in particular, evaluates the dynamics of air transportation over the period under study, analyzes the work of airlines (a parallel is drawn between a sharp decrease in the number of flights and a significant change in the operational performance of airlines associated with a significant.
Arterial stiffness and central aortic blood pressure in patients with hypertension and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Gurevich A. P. , Emelyanov I. V. , Boyarinova M. A. , Moguchaya E. V. , Rotar O. P. , Kudaev Y. A. , Chernyavskiy M. A. , Konradi A. O.
Published: August 2022

Objective. To assess the arterial stiffness, peripheral and central aortic blood pressure (PBP and CBP), and to determinate their relationships with indicators of structural changes of the affected aorta in patients with hypertension (HTN) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).

Design and methods. We examined 75 patients with HTN and AAA and 75 controls with HTN without AAA. Groups matched by age and gender. A PBP was measured by OMRON (Japan). Noninvasive measurements of CBP, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation pressure (AP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were assessed by SphygmoCor (AtCorMedical, Australia).

Results. There was no difference in cfPWV between patients with AAA and control group (10,3 (2,2) vs 9,7 (2,1) m/s; р = 0,102). Age, systolic PBP, and aortic diameter were independent predictors of cfPVV in patients with AAA (β = 0,271, р = 0,029; β = 0,272, р = 0,030 и β = –0,361, р = 0,004, respectively). Patients with large aortic diameter of AAA (> 60 mm) had decreased cfPWV compared with control group (8,8 (1,5) vs 9,7 (2,1) m/s; р < 0,05), patients with AAA diameter less than 60 mm, on the contrary, had increased cfPVV compared with the controls (11,8 (1,7) vs 9,7 (2,1) m/s; р < 0,001). Patients with AAA and patients of control group did not differ in systolic and pulse PBP (138,6 (16,4) vs 138,1 (13,6) mm Hg; р = 0,831 and 58,6 (11,8) vs 59,6 (10,2) mm Hg; р = 0,569, respectively). AIx and AP were higher in patients with AAA versus patients without AAA (27,6 (8,2) vs 21,3 (7,9)%; р < 0,001 and 17,3 (6,8) vs 13,9 (5,4) mm Hg; р = 0,001, respectively). Systolic and pulse CBP were higher in patients with AAA than in patients of control group (130,0 (16,4) vs 124,9 (13,9) mm Hg; р = 0,046 and 49,5 (11,7) vs 45,7 (9,9) mm Hg; р = 0,031, respectively).

Conclusions. In patients with AAA cfPWV decreased with the expansion of the maximum aortic diameter. CfPWV is not suitable for accurate arterial stiffness assessment in patients with HTN and AAA due to the apparent confounding effect of aneurysm on the biomechanical properties of the aorta. Local assessment of the elastic properties of the aorta such as computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging is required for arterial stiffness evaluation in patients with AAA. Parameters of the reflected pulse wave such as AP and AIx are increased in patients with AAA. This might contribute to the increase in central aortic BP and target organ damage in patients with HTN combined with AAA.
Mississippian Sedimentary Facies Patterns in East-Central California and Implications for Development of the Permian Last Chance Thrust
Authors: Stevens Calvin H. , Stone Paul
Published: August 2022

Mississippian sedimentary facies belts in east-central California, occurring primarily in the autochthon (lower plate) of the Last Chance Thrust, are consistently oriented in a northeast–southwest direction. The boundary of one belt is marked by the depositional limit of the Osagean to Meramecian Santa Rosa Hills Limestone; a second belt farther to the northwest is bordered by the erosional truncation of the Kinderhookian to Osagean Tin Mountain Limestone. Two additional facies belts, both in the Meramecian to Chesterian Kearsarge Formation, also are present in the area; one near Jackass Flats is marked by the presence of limestone and quartzite olistoliths, and the other in the Last Chance Range includes abundant chert–pebble conglomerates. These two facies of the Kearsarge Formation also occur to the southwest at and near Mazourka Canyon in the allochthon (upper plate) of the Last Chance Thrust. The great similarity and near alignment of these facies belts in both the allochthon and the autochthon can be explained by clockwise rotation of ~55° of the allochthon around a pivot point in the west-central Inyo Mountains. In this model, displacement on the Last Chance Thrust increases from zero at the pivot point to 75 km for rocks exposed in the northern White Mountains. Reconstruction of the paleogeography suggests that the Last Chance Thrust is not part of a major fold and thrust belt but is a major structure limited to a relatively small area along the continental margin where the leading edge of an allochthonous terrane (possibly the Northern Sierra Terrane) impinged against the North American plate.
Late Paleozoic Shortening in South-Central Nevada and Regional Correlations of Major Pre-Sevier Structures
Authors: Russo Angela G. , Taylor Wanda J. , Cashman Patricia H.
Published: August 2022

Recent tectonic reinterpretations of the Late Paleozoic Southwest Laurentian margins recognize widespread Late Paleozoic deformation as a critical component in the boundary region development. Overprinted late Paleozoic structures record repeated shortening events in both northern and southern Nevada, but spatial and temporal data are currently lacking to resolve the evolution of this margin. The Timpahute Range, south-central Nevada, bridges part of the spatial gap between previous detailed studies of Late Paleozoic deformation. The purpose here is to (1) evaluate structures in the area that do not appear to fit with recognized Sevier hinterland structures (the Central Nevada thrust belt [CNTB]) and (2) consider whether these contractional structures may be Late Paleozoic and possibly link, or not, structures to the north and south.

New mapping in the Timpahute Range documents four geometrically or kinematically distinct sets of structures: Tempiute Ridge folds, Schofield Pass fault zone (SPFZ), structures of the CNTB, and Cenozoic extensional faults. The first three are interpreted to represent separate shortening events based on cross-cutting relations and differences in orientations of the Tempiute Ridge folds and SPFZ (north [N]), and structures of the CNTB (northwest [NW]). The Tempiute Ridge folds represent the oldest event, D1. These folds are large, trend N and verge east (E). The SPFZ is west (W)-vergent, cuts across the limb of a D1 fold and represents D2. The SPFZ is interpreted to be older than the CNTB structures, D3, based on positions of fault cut offs, and differences in footwall and hangingwall facies. All of the shortening events predate the newly dated 102.9 ± 3.2 Ma Lincoln stock and its contact metamorphic aureole.

New and previous correlations suggest that a belt of Permian deformation extends from southeast (SE) California northward at least to the Timpahute Range. The Tempiute Ridge folds and SPFZ have the same distinctive geometries, styles, and kinematics as structures in the Nevada National Security Site. The mountain-size, E-vergent Tempiute Ridge folds and the W-vergent SPFZ correlate to structures associated with the Belted Range thrust and the W-vergent CP thrust, respectively. The Belted Range thrust previously has been correlated southward into the Death Valley region. Thus, convergence created large-amplitude folds and thrusts for ~200 km along strike. Structures of this age are exposed in northern Nevada but are smaller. These new relations fill a data gap and suggest differences in the size and structural style of Permian structures along strike and corresponding variations in the plate boundary configuration.
Sonoma Orogeny—A Reassessment
Authors: Snyder Walter S. , Brueckner Hannes K. , Northrup Clyde J.
Published: August 2022

The Late Permian to earliest Triassic Sonoma orogeny has long been envisioned as the result of an arc-continent collision that closed the Havallah oceanic basin, creating the Golconda allochthon, which was emplaced eastward onto the western edge of the continental margin along the Golconda thrust. Critical reevaluation of available stratigraphic, biostratigraphic, and structural data raise some fundamental issues with this scenario, including: (1) The Golconda allochthon experienced multiple phases of deformation both older and younger than the Sonoma orogeny; (2) the tectonostratigraphic successions in the Golconda allochthon record a disrupted depositional history; (3) these punctuated events and unconformities are mirrored by simultaneous punctuated tectonic disruptions of the adjacent continental margin; (4) some of the lithotectonic units within the Golconda allochthon have clear ties to a magmatic arc. These observations indicated that the Havallah basin did not originate as a simple, post-Antler orogeny rift basin, nor is the Mediterranean model for opening of a basin a solution to the initiation of this basin. Instead they imply a more complex paleogeography for the Havallah basin. The Late Permian–earliest Triassic closure of the Havallah basin did result in the development of the Golconda allochthon sensu stricto, but final emplacement of the Golconda allochthon was likely an Early–Middle Jurassic event.
Late Paleozoic Tectonostratigraphic Framework of the Western North America Continental Margin
Authors: Snyder Walter S.
Published: August 2022

The late Paleozoic continental margin of western Pangea was in tectonic flux from at least the mid-Paleozoic Antler orogeny through the Late Permian–earliest Triassic Sonoma orogeny. This tectonism is registered by the periodic and apparent synchronous initiation and/or disruption of sedimentary basins and their associated paleogeographic highs along the entire length of the continental margin. The continental margin was not “passive” during the late Paleozoic, as is commonly believed. The possible tectonic drive(s) for this tectonism are problematic and include (1) terrane–continent collisions, (2) transpression and transtension along a long-lived translational margin, (3) far-field stresses related to continent–continent collision along the Appalachian–Ouachita–Marathon margins, and (4) shifts in mantle-plate interactions and resulting changes in global plate motions and intraplate stresses. Regardless of the specific tectonic driver, it must encompass the periodic and synchronous nature of these tectonic events and factor in the influence of preexisting crustal structures.
Gastrointestinal bleeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: More severe and less clear
Authors: Kerbage Anthony , Barada Kassem , Alrazim Ayman , Tamim Hani , Makki Maha , Shaib Yasser H.
Published: August 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led patients to avoid medical care, and hospitals to limit high-risk procedures.
Methods
We conducted a cohort study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation and outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).
Results
Patients admitted during the pandemic were more likely to present with severe hemorrhage and to have a drop of hemoglobin ≥ 2g/dL. The origin of GIB was also more likely to remain unknown. Admission during the pandemic was an independent predictor of severe hemorrhage (HR = 2.08, [1.07–4.05]).
Conclusion
During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with GIB were more likely to present with more severe hemorrhage.
FDA Orphan Designations, Approvals, and Regulatory Review Time since the Enactment of the Orphan Drug Act (1983)
Authors: Althobaiti Hana , Seoane-Vazquez Enrique , Brown Lawrence M , Fleming Marc L. , Rodriguez-Monguio Rosa
Published: August 2022

Background
Drug approvals for rare diseases and conditions have increased significantly since the Orphan Drug Act (ODA) enactment in 1983. Yet, the factors explaining the increase in orphan drug approvals are poorly understood. This study assessed the characteristics of orphan drug designations and approvals and evaluated factors associated with the approval of orphan designations and the time lag between orphan designation and approval in the US from 1983 to 2021.
Methods
Data were collected from the FDA Orphan Drug Product Designations and Approvals database of the FDA Office of Orphan Products Development. We conducted regression analyses to ascertain factors associated with the likelihood of approval of an orphan designation and the time lag between orphan designation and approval after controlling for the orphan drug designation date.
Results
As of December 31, 2021, the FDA had granted 6,137 orphan designations and 1,045 (17.0%) orphan drug approvals of which 285 drugs (27.3%) were first approved for non-rare diseases and conditions. FDA granted an annual average of 90.4 orphan designations since implementing the Orphan Drug Modernization Plan (ODMP) through December 31, 2021. After controlling for the orphan drug designation date, drugs with prior orphan designations, drugs sponsored by companies that had already obtained orphan approval, and drugs with orphan pediatric indications had a greater likelihood of approval. The time lag from orphan designation to approval was inversely associated with the number of prior orphan approvals of the sponsored company and the implementation of the ODMP.
Conclusions
The number of FDA approved orphan drugs increased significantly after enacting the Orphan Drug Act of 1983. The likelihood of approval of an orphan drug designation and the time lag from orphan designation to approval was significantly associated with enacted regulation, the experience of the sponsor companies obtaining orphan approval, the patient population indication, and previous designation for other orphan indications. There is a significant reduction in the time lag between orphan drug designation and approval after ODMP enactment.
Neuropilin-2 upregulation by stromal TGFβ1 induces lung disseminated tumour cells dormancy escape and promotes metastasis outgrowth
Authors: Recalde-Percaz Leire , Jauregui Patricia , López-Plana Anna , Fernandéz-Nogueira Patricia , Iniesta-González Minerva , Manzano Sara , Alonso Raul , Noguera-Castells Aleix , Moragas Nuria , Baquero Cristina , Rodrigo-Faus Maria , Palao Nerea , Dalla Erica , Aviles-Jurado Francesc Xavier , Vilaseca Isabel , Camacho Mercedes , Leon-Vintro Xavier , Fuster Gemma , Alcaraz Jordi , Aguirre-Ghiso Julio , Gascón Pere , Gutierrez-Uzquiza Álvaro , Porras Almudena , Carbo Neus , Bragado Paloma
Published: August 2022

Metastasis is the main cause of death from solid tumours and, therefore, identifying the mechanisms that govern metastatic growth poses a major biomedical challenge. We and others have contributed to demonstrate that tumour microenvironment (TME) signals regulate the fate and survival of disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in secondary organs. However, very little is known about the role of the nervous system mediators in this process. We have previously described that neuropilin-2 (NRP2) expression in breast cancer correlates with bad prognosis. Here we describe that NRP2 positively regulates breast and head and neck cancer cells proliferation, invasion and survival in vitro. NRP2 deletion in tumour cells inhibits tumour growth in vivo and decreases the number and size of lung metastases by promoting p27-mediated lung DTCs quiescence. Moreover, we show that several abundant stromal cells of the lung, such as fibroblasts and macrophages, induce NRP2 upregulation in DTCs, through secretion of TGFβ1. Therefore, we conclude that the TGFβ1-NRP2 axis is a new key dormancy awakening inducer, promoting DTCs proliferation and lung metastases development, positioning NRP2 expression as a central biomarker to predict metastatic recurrences and as a potential candidate for advanced therapies.
Development of a Survey-based Women Empowerment Index for Afghanistan (SWEIA): An Explanatory Analyses of the Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey 2015
Authors: Dadras Omid
Published: August 2022

Background
Although there are several scales to measure women empowerment, the multidimensionality of women empowerment introduced enormous challenges in the quantification and comparability of the results across different contexts. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a country-specific index to measure women's empowerment in Afghanistan.
Methods
The data from the 2015 Afghanistan demographic health survey (ADHS) was used for the analysis. The dataset was randomly divided into two samples‒one for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the other for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)‒ of women aged 15–49 years. The data on 26 variables across different domains (labor force participation, attitude toward violence, decision-making, access to healthcare, literacy, age at critical life events, and property-owning) were used in EFA to probe the underlying domains in the data. CFA examines the structural validity of hypothesized factors in EFA.
Results
The final model included 22 indicators across seven domains including labor force participation, attitude toward violence, decision-making, access to healthcare, literacy, age at critical life events, and property-owning.
Discussion
The index developed in this study shares a common ground for future research concerning Afghan women empowerment and its associated outcomes such as intimate partner violence, reproductive and maternity outcomes, and child health; thus, enhancing the comparability of the results. In addition, having a standard index for women empowerment at the individual and country level could help assess the progress and efforts that have been made to achieve gender equality (SDG 5), and guide the direction of future policies and interventions.
The value of undenatured collagen for the normalization of the function of the cartilaginous tissue of the joints
Authors: Dydykina I. S. , Kovalenko P. S. , Kovalenko A. A. , Aboleshina A. V.
Published: August 2022

Among the proteins of the human body, collagen accounts for at least 25–45% collagen; it is an essential structural component of skeletal tissues, connective tissue of internal organs (heart, intestines, lungs, liver, kidneys), as well as blood vessels. The variety of types of collagen is due to their role and function. The article presents information about the structure and synthesis of collagen, a high concentration of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline in the alpha chains of the collagen helix. Attention is drawn to the fact that cross-links and orientation of collagen fibers in the direction of the vector of external forces and loads provide protection to tissues and organs. The clinical significance of type II collagen is considered on the example of the cartilaginous tissue of the joints and tendons. It is emphasized that an imbalance in the structure of nutrition, genetic mutations, dysfunction of the endocrine and immune systems, especially in old age, are associated with the occurrence of one of the most common joint diseases – osteoarthritis (ОА). It has been established that the degradation or reduction of type II collagen in the cartilage matrix is accompanied by the progression of this disease. Due to the increasing prevalence of OA, signs of metabolic disorders and post-traumatic joint injuries, there is a growing interest in non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. In recent years, convincing evidence has emerged of the successful use of drugs (biologically active food supplements) of collagen in osteoarthritis. The article presents the results of experimental and clinical studies, meta-analysis and systematic review, confirming the possibility of using these drugs (products) as part of the complex treatment of OA. The possibility of using compositions based on undenatured (native) collagen type II, with the inclusion of ascorbic acid, vitamin D, methylsulfonylmethane and boswellic acids promotes the synergy of these substances, slows down the rate of cartilage destruction, reduces the manifestation of pain and inflammation in the joints, improves functional joint and spinal conditions, promotes the synthesis of endogenous collagen.