bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of γ-irradiation on adsorption and photocatalytic ability of MoS2nanomaterials
Authors: He Yupu , Xiang Xia , Sun Lijie , Tian Chengxiang , Yang Guixia , Zu Xiaotao
Published: October 2019

The ability of MoS2nanomaterials as adsorbent and photocatalytic materials of methylene blue (MB) dye after [Formula: see text]-ray irradiation is investigated. The MoS2nanomaterials are prepared by a simple hydrothermal route, and then irradiated with Co-60 gamma radioisotope at different doses of 1, 10, 100, 1000 kGy. All the samples are characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Diffusivity Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET). The XRD analysis shows no change in crystal structure of MoS2nanomaterials after irradiation. The DRS analysis indicates the optical bandgap increases from 1.73 to 1.82, 1.86, 1.94 and 2.00 eV, respectively. The performance of the dye-absorbing solutions and the photocatalytic dye solutions before and after irradiation is compared. After [Formula: see text]-ray irradiation, the adsorption capacity of the MoS2nanomaterials degrades, which can be attributed to the decreased specific surface area, from 77.060 to 48.812, 35.855, 38.789 and 27.137 m2/g, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation ability for the MB solution also decreases due to the increase of optical bandgap of the samples after [Formula: see text]-ray irradiation.
The exocyst complex regulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Fujimoto Brent A. , Young Madison , Carter Lamar , Pang Alina P. S. , Corley Michael J. , Fogelgren Ben , Polgar Noemi
Published: October 2019

Skeletal muscle handles ~80–90% of the insulin-induced glucose uptake. In skeletal muscle, insulin binding to its cell surface receptor triggers redistribution of intracellular glucose transporter GLUT4 protein to the cell surface, enabling facilitated glucose uptake. In adipocytes, the eight-protein exocyst complex is an indispensable constituent in insulin-induced glucose uptake, as it is responsible for the targeted trafficking and plasma membrane-delivery of GLUT4. However, the role of the exocyst in skeletal muscle glucose uptake has never been investigated. Here we demonstrate that the exocyst is a necessary factor in insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells as well. The exocyst complex colocalizes with GLUT4 storage vesicles in L6-GLUT4myc myoblasts at a basal state and associates with these vesicles during their translocation to the plasma membrane after insulin signaling. Moreover, we show that the exocyst inhibitor endosidin-2 and a heterozygous knockout of Exoc5 in skeletal myoblast cells both lead to impaired GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane and hinder glucose uptake in response to an insulin stimulus. Our research is the first to establish that the exocyst complex regulates insulin-induced GLUT4 exocytosis and glucose metabolism in muscle cells. A deeper knowledge of the role of the exocyst complex in skeletal muscle tissue may help our understanding of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
Multidivisible Online/Offline Cryptography and Its Application to Signcryptions
Authors: Yamamoto Dan , Ogata Wakaha
Published: October 2019

We introduce a general concept of multidivisible online/offline (MDO) cryptography, which covers the previous works including online/offline cryptographic schemes, divisible online/offline signatures, incrementally executable signcryptions, and multidivisible online/offline encryptions. We then present the notion of multidivisible online/offline signcryptions (MDOSCs) as novel application of MDO cryptography. We define several security notions for MDOSCs and show implications and separations between these security notions. We also present a generic construction of MDOSC that achieves the strongest security notions with regard to confidentiality and unforgeability. Using MDOSC schemes, the computationally restricted and/or bandwidth-restricted devices can transmit messages in both confidential and authenticated way with low computational overhead and/or low-bandwidth network.
Acute Neuromuscular Activity in Selected Injury Prevention Exercises with App-Based versus Personal On-Site Instruction: A Randomized Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zebis M. K. , Sanderhoff C. , Andersen L. L. , Fernandes L. , Møller M. , Ageberg E. , Myklebust G. , Aagaard P. , Bencke J.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. A significant step towards sport-related injury prevention is the introduction of easily accessible smartphone applications (apps). However, it is unknown whether this type of app-based instruction facilitates similar acute neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics of the preventive exercises as achieved when instructed on-site by an expert. Thus, the aim was to evaluate acute neuromuscular characteristics observed during a single bout of selected lower extremity injury preventive exercises instructed by an on-screen app versus on-site individual instruction provided by a physiotherapist. Methods. In a cross-sectional study design, 47 female football and handball players were randomly assigned to receive app instruction (APP group) or on-site instruction provided by a physiotherapist (PHY group) while performing five lower extremity injury preventive exercises. The exercises performed comprised (1) one-legged balance on Airex, (2) vertical drop jump, (3) one-legged horizontal jump onto floor, (4) one-legged horizontal jump onto Airex, and (5) two-hand Kettlebell Swing. Primary outcome was hamstring (biceps femoris and semitendinosus) muscle activity. Secondary outcomes were quadriceps (vastus lateralis and medialis) muscle activity, as well as hip and knee joint angles. Muscle activity was monitored by surface electromyography (EMG) and normalized to the peak amplitude obtained during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC). Hip and knee joint angles were recorded by a 3D motion analysis system. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate the differences between experimental conditions for each outcome variable. Results. Medial hamstring (semitendinosus) muscle activity was significantly higher during one-legged jump onto Airex (17 percentage points (95% CI 7 to 27)) and Kettlebell Swing (19 percentage points (95% CI 2 to 36)) in the PHY group than the APP group. Likewise, the PHY group demonstrated 18 percentage points (95% CI 1 to 35) and 19 percentage points (95% CI 0 to 38), greater lateral quadriceps muscle (vastus lateralis) activity during one-legged jump onto floor and one-legged jump onto Airex, respectively, compared with that of the APP group. Conclusions. Complex exercises, i.e., Kettlebell Swing and one-legged jump onto Airex, are characterized by lower neuromuscular activity when using app-based instructions compared with on-site instruction provided by a physiotherapist. However, the effectiveness of app-based instruction versus on-site individual instruction in injury prevention interventions remains to be investigated in future longitudinally studies.
Improvement of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Sleeping Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xue , Xie Anmu
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of STN DBS on sleep quality and restless leg symptoms in individuals with PD. Methods. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and WANFANG databases published between 1990 and 2019. The articles included were those that contained both pre- and postsurgery data acquired using International RLS Study Group criteria and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire with patients’ follow-up of at least three months. All studies that met the quality requirements were included in a meta-analysis performed using STATA 12.0 software. Results. Of 73 articles identified, 7 studies comprising 82 patients were qualified for the current meta-analysis. After adjusting for heterogeneity in study effect sizes, the random effects meta-analysis indicated that STN DBS improved sleep quality and restless leg symptoms significantly (SMD = −1.111, 95% CI: −1.918∼−0.304, P=0.007). Subgroup analysis showed that different sleep scoring criteria had different effects on the condition of sleeping after surgery. Conclusions. STN DBS is a powerful method in the management of sleep quality and restless leg symptoms in PD patients, but its long-term effects with larger populations must be thoroughly assessed.
PGC1α Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion through ERRα Transcriptional Control
Authors: Valcarcel-Jimenez Lorea , Macchia Alice , Crosas-Molist Eva , Schaub-Clerigué Ariane , Camacho Laura , Martín-Martín Natalia , Cicogna Paolo , Viera-Bardón Cristina , Fernández-Ruiz Sonia , Rodriguez-Hernandez Irene , Hermanova Ivana , Astobiza Ianire , Cortazar Ana R. , Corres-Mendizabal Jon , Gomez-Muñoz Antonio , Sanz-Moreno Victoria , Torrano Verónica , Carracedo Arkaitz
Published: October 2019

The PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) is a prostate tumor suppressor that controls the balance between anabolism and catabolism. PGC1A downregulation in prostate cancer is causally associated with the development of metastasis. Here we show that the transcriptional complex formed by PGC1α and estrogen-related receptor 1 alpha (ERRα) controls the aggressive properties of prostate cancer cells. PGC1α expression significantly decreased migration and invasion of various prostate cancer cell lines. This phenotype was consistent with remarkable cytoskeletal remodeling and inhibition of integrin alpha 1 and beta 4 expression, both in vitro and in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9-based deletion of ERRα suppressed PGC1α regulation of cytoskeletal organization and invasiveness. Mechanistically, PGC1α expression decreased MYC levels and activity prior to inhibition of invasiveness. In addition, PGC1α and ERRα associated at the MYC promoter, supporting the inhibitory activity PGC1α. The inverse correlation between PGC1α–ERRα activity and MYC levels was corroborated in multiple prostate cancer datasets. Altogether, these results support that PGC1α–ERRα functions as a tumor-suppressive transcriptional complex through the regulation of metabolic and signaling events.

Significance:

These findings describe how downregulation of the prostate tumor suppressor PGC1 drives invasiveness and migration of prostate cancer cells.
Exportin 1 Inhibition Induces Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Expression to Inhibit the NF-κB Pathway in Preclinical Models of Pediatric High-Grade Glioma
Authors: DeSisto John A. , Flannery Patrick , Lemma Rakeb , Pathak Amrita , Mestnik Shelby , Philips Natalie , Bales Natalie J. , Kashyap Trinayan , Moroze Erin , Venkataraman Sujatha , Kung Andrew L. , Carter Bruce D. , Landesman Yosef , Vibhakar Rajeev , Green Adam L.
Published: October 2019

High-grade glioma (HGG) is the leading cause of cancer-related death among children. Selinexor, an orally bioavailable, reversible inhibitor of the nuclear export protein, exportin 1, is in clinical trials for a range of cancers, including HGG. It inhibits the NF-κB pathway and strongly induces the expression of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) in preclinical cancer models. We hypothesized that selinexor inhibits NF-κB via upregulation of NGFR. In HGG cells, sensitivity to selinexor correlated with increased induction of cell surface NGFR expression. Knocking down NGFR in HGG cells increased proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, stemness markers, and levels of transcriptionally available nuclear NF-κB not bound to IκB-α, while decreasing apoptosis and sensitivity to selinexor. Increasing IκB-α levels in NGFR knockdown cells restored sensitivity to selinexor. Overexpression of NGFR using cDNA reduced levels of free nuclear NF-κB, decreased stemness markers, and increased markers of cellular differentiation. In all HGG lines tested, selinexor decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB at serine 536 (a site associated with increased transcription of proliferative and inflammatory genes). Because resistance to selinexor monotherapy occurred in our in vivo model, we screened selinexor with a panel of FDA-approved anticancer agents. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor that inhibits the NF-κB pathway through a different mechanism than selinexor, showed synergy with selinexor against HGG in vitro. Our results help elucidate selinexor's mechanism of action and identify NGFR as a potential biomarker of its effect in HGG and in addition suggest a combination therapy strategy for these challenging tumors.
ADP-Ribosylation Levels and Patterns Correlate with Gene Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Conrad Lesley B. , Lin Ken Y. , Nandu Tulip , Gibson Bryan A. , Lea Jayanthi S. , Kraus W. Lee
Published: October 2019

Inhibitors of nuclear PARP enzymes (e.g., PARP-1) have improved clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer, especially in patients with BRCA1/2 gene mutations or additional homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway deficiencies. These defects serve as biomarkers for response to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). We sought to identify an additional biomarker that could predict responses to both conventional chemotherapy and PARPi in ovarian cancers. We focused on cellular ADP-ribosylation (ADPRylation), which is catalyzed by PARP enzymes and detected by detection reagents we developed previously. We determined molecular phenotypes of 34 high-grade serous ovarian cancers and associated them with clinical outcomes. We used the levels and patterns of ADPRylation and PARP-1 to distribute ovarian cancers into distinct molecular phenotypes, which exhibit dramatically different gene expression profiles. In addition, the levels and patterns of ADPRylation, PARP-1 protein, and gene expression correlated with clinical outcomes in response to platinum-based chemotherapy, with cancers exhibiting the highest levels of ADPRylation having the best outcomes independent of BRCA1/2 status. Finally, in cell culture-based assays using patient-derived ovarian cancer cell lines, ADPRylation levels correlated with sensitivity to the PARPi, Olaparib, with cell lines exhibiting high levels of ADPRylation having greater sensitivity to Olaparib. Collectively, our study demonstrates that ovarian cancers exhibit a wide range of ADPRylation levels, which correlate with therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. These results suggest ADPRylation may be a useful biomarker for PARPi sensitivity in ovarian cancers, independent of BRCA1/2 or homologous recombination deficiency status.
PTEN Loss Mediates Clinical Cross-Resistance to CDK4/6 and PI3Kα Inhibitors in Breast Cancer
Authors: Costa Carlotta , Wang Ye , Ly Amy , Hosono Yasuyuki , Murchie Ellen , Walmsley Charlotte S. , Huynh Tiffany , Healy Christopher , Peterson Rachel , Yanase Shogo , Jakubik Charles T. , Henderson Laura E. , Damon Leah J. , Timonina Daria , Sanidas Ioannis , Pinto Christopher J. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Stone James R. , Dyson Nicholas J. , Ellisen Leif W. , Bardia Aditya , Ebi Hiromichi , Benes Cyril H. , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Juric Dejan
Published: October 2019

The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with antiestrogen therapies significantly improves clinical outcomes in ER-positive advanced breast cancer. To identify mechanisms of acquired resistance, we analyzed serial biopsies and rapid autopsies from patients treated with the combination of the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib with letrozole. This study revealed that some resistant tumors acquired RB loss, whereas other tumors lost PTEN expression at the time of progression. In breast cancer cells, ablation of PTEN, through increased AKT activation, was sufficient to promote resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PTEN loss resulted in exclusion of p27 from the nucleus, leading to increased activation of both CDK4 and CDK2. Because PTEN loss also causes resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors, currently approved in the post-CDK4/6 setting, these findings provide critical insight into how this single genetic event may cause clinical cross-resistance to multiple targeted therapies in the same patient, with implications for optimal treatment-sequencing strategies.

Significance:

Our analysis of serial biopsies uncovered RB and PTEN loss as mechanisms of acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors, utilized as first-line treatment for ER-positive advanced breast cancer. Importantly, these findings have near-term clinical relevance because PTEN loss also limits the efficacy of PI3Kα inhibitors currently approved in the post-CDK4/6 setting.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Obesity and the Survival of Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Paradox within the Paradox?
Authors: Schiffl Helmut
Published: October 2019

The obesity epidemic is reflected by the rising number of obese patients requiring intensive care. Obesity is a recognized risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Both acute critical illness and AKI are associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates, and intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffering from AKI have an elevated risk of death. The relationships between obesity and mortality in critically ill paediatric and adult patients with or without AKI are less clear. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the potential impact of body mass index on the mortality of ICU patients with AKI. Some studies looking at the ICU outcomes of critically ill obese patients with AKI show reduced mortality and others show either no association or elevated mortality. Despite a high biologic plausibility of the proposed causal mechanisms, such as a greater haemodynamic stability and the protective cytokine, adipokine, and lipoprotein defence profiles associated with obesity, the inconsistency of the data suggests that the obesity paradox is a statistical fallacy and the result of chance, bias, and residual confounding variables in retrospective cohort analyses. Further prospective randomized trials are essential to elucidate the role of obesity and the mechanisms underlying a potential survival benefit of obesity in critically ill patients with AKI.
Human Platelet Lysate Sustains the Osteogenic/Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Maintains Their DNA Integrity in vitro
Authors: Shansky Yaroslav D. , Sergeeva Natalia S. , Sviridova Irina K. , Karalkin Pavel A. , Kirsanova Valentina A. , Akhmedova Suraja A. , Fomicheva Karina A. , Shkurnikov Maxim Y. , Portyannikova Alexandra Y. , Kaprin Andrey D.
Published: October 2019

Human platelet lysate (HPL) is a promising alternative to fetal calf serum (FCS) for the expansion of adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) for translational medicine applications. However, some biological effects of HPL are still to be elucidated. We aimed to compare complex characteristics, such as cell morphology, proliferative activity, differentiation potential, and especially monolayer recovery, DNA integrity, and the gene expression pattern, between AT-MSCs cultured with HPL or FCS. Primary AT-MSC cultures were expanded in medium containing FCS or pooled HPL. Cell growth and proliferation were estimated by cell doubling time and the monolayer formation rate, while migration was assessed by wound-healing assay. The capacity for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase and Oil Red O staining. DNA integrity was evaluated by comet assay, and analysis of gene expression by real-time PCR. Media supplemented with HPL or FCS provided a similar surface immunophenotype, cell morphology (except some cell dimensions and a bigger colony size in HPL), DNA integrity, and rate of wound healing. Meanwhile, AT-MSC proliferated more intensively in HPL-supplemented media (especially at 5% HPL) and had a reduced doubling population time. AT-MSC in HPL had increased adipogenic potential and similar osteogenic potential in comparison with FCS. Our results indicate the feasibility and evident prospects for the use of pooled HPL as an alternative to FCS and safe non-xenogenic growth supplement for ex vivo expansion of clinical-grade AT-MSCs for regenerative medicine purposes.
Epigenetic Coactivation of MAGEA6 and CT-GABRA3 Defines Orientation of a Segmental Duplication in the Human X Chromosome
Authors: Fain Jean S. , Van Tongelen Aurélie , Loriot Axelle , De Smet Charles
Published: October 2019

The human genome harbors many duplicated segments, which sometimes show very high sequence identity. This may complicate assignment during genome assembly. One such example is in Xq28, where the arrangement of 2 recently duplicated segments varies between genome assembly versions. The duplicated segments comprise highly similar genes, including MAGEA3 and MAGEA6, which display specific expression in testicular germline cells, and also become aberrantly activated in a variety of tumors. Recently, a new gene was identified, CT-GABRA3, the transcription of which initiates inside the segmental duplication but extends far outside. According to the latest genome annotation, CT- GABRA3 starts near MAGEA3, with which it shares a bidirectional promoter. In an earlier annotation, however, the duplicated segment was positioned in the opposite orientation, and CT-GABRA3 was instead coupled with MAGEA6. To resolve this discrepancy, and based on the contention that genes connected by a bidirectional promoter are almost always co-expressed, we decided to compare the expression profiles of CT-GABRA3, MAGEA3, and MAGEA6. We found that in tumor tissues and cell lines of different origins, the expression of CT-GABRA3 was better correlated with that of MAGEA6. Moreover, in a cellular model of experimental induction with a DNA demethylation agent, activation CT-GABRA3 was associated with that of MAGEA6, but not with that of MAGEA3. Together these results support a connection between CT-GABRA3 and MAGEA6 and illustrate how promoter-sharing genes can be exploited to resolve genome assembly uncertainties.
Hemobilia Causing Acute Cholecystitis and Pancreatitis after Percutaneous Liver Biopsy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yilmaz Nimet
Published: October 2019

We report a case of a 75-year-old woman who developed acute cholecystitis and acute pancreatitis due to hemobilia after a percutaneous liver biopsy. She was admitted to our hospital 13 days after the procedure. The patient presented with cholangitis and acute biliary pancreatitis and underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Active hemobilia was observed during the ERCP, and sphincterotomy and stent placement were carried out. Angiography was performed because of ongoing bleeding and demonstrated multiple arterioportal fistulas. The bleeding vessel was successfully embolized through an angiographic catheter with microcoils and Histoacryl glue.
Discourse in Multimedia: A Case Study in Extracting Geometry Knowledge from Textbooks
Authors: Sachan Mrinmaya , Dubey Avinava , Hovy Eduard H. , Mitchell Tom M. , Roth Dan , Xing Eric P.
Published: October 2019

To ensure readability, text is often written and presented with due formatting. These text formatting devices help the writer to effectively convey the narrative. At the same time, these help the readers pick up the structure of the discourse and comprehend the conveyed information. There have been a number of linguistic theories on discourse structure of text. However, these theories only consider unformatted text. Multimedia text contains rich formatting features that can be leveraged for various NLP tasks. In this article, we study some of these discourse features in multimedia text and what communicative function they fulfill in the context. As a case study, we use these features to harvest structured subject knowledge of geometry from textbooks. We conclude that the discourse and text layout features provide information that is complementary to lexical semantic information. Finally, we show that the harvested structured knowledge can be used to improve an existing solver for geometry problems, making it more accurate as well as more explainable.
Automatic Identification and Production of Related Words for Historical Linguistics
Authors: Ciobanu Alina Maria , Dinu Liviu P.
Published: October 2019

Language change across space and time is one of the main concerns in historical linguistics. In this article, we develop tools to assist researchers and domain experts in the study of language evolution.

First, we introduce a method to automatically determine whether two words are cognates. We propose an algorithm for extracting cognates from electronic dictionaries that contain etymological information. Having built a data set of related words, we further develop machine learning methods based on orthographic alignment for identifying cognates. We use aligned subsequences as features for classification algorithms in order to infer rules for linguistic changes undergone by words when entering new languages and to discriminate between cognates and non-cognates.

Second, we extend the method to a finer-grained level, to identify the type of relationship between words. Discriminating between cognates and borrowings provides a deeper insight into the history of a language and allows a better characterization of language relatedness. We show that orthographic features have discriminative power and we analyze the underlying linguistic factors that prove relevant in the classification task. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt of this kind.

Third, we develop a machine learning method for automatically producing related words. We focus on reconstructing proto-words, but we also address two related sub-problems, producing modern word forms and producing cognates. The task of reconstructing proto-words consists of recreating the words in an ancient language from its modern daughter languages. Having modern word forms in multiple Romance languages, we infer the form of their common Latin ancestors. Our approach relies on the regularities that occurred when words entered the modern languages. We leverage information from several modern languages, building an ensemble system for reconstructing proto-words. We apply our method to multiple data sets, showing that our approach improves on previous results, also having the advantage of requiring less input data, which is essential in historical linguistics, where resources are generally scarce.
Scalable Micro-planned Generation of Discourse from Structured Data
Authors: Laha Anirban , Jain Parag , Mishra Abhijit , Sankaranarayanan Karthik
Published: October 2019

We present a framework for generating natural language description from structured data such as tables; the problem comes under the category of data-to-text natural language generation (NLG). Modern data-to-text NLG systems typically use end-to-end statistical and neural architectures that learn from a limited amount of task-specific labeled data, and therefore exhibit limited scalability, domain-adaptability, and interpretability. Unlike these systems, ours is a modular, pipeline-based approach, and does not require task-specific parallel data. Rather, it relies on monolingual corpora and basic off-the-shelf NLP tools. This makes our system more scalable and easily adaptable to newer domains.

Our system utilizes a three-staged pipeline that: (i) converts entries in the structured data to canonical form, (ii) generates simple sentences for each atomic entry in the canonicalized representation, and (iii) combines the sentences to produce a coherent, fluent, and adequate paragraph description through sentence compounding and co-reference replacement modules. Experiments on a benchmark mixed-domain data set curated for paragraph description from tables reveals the superiority of our system over existing data-to-text approaches. We also demonstrate the robustness of our system in accepting other popular data sets covering diverse data types such as knowledge graphs and key-value maps.
Evaluation of a group family-based intervention programme for adolescent obesity: the LITE randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Chew CSE , Oh JY , Rajasegaran K , Saffari SE , Lim CMM , Lim SC , Tan S , Kelly S
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the LITE (Lifestyle Intervention for TEenagers) group programme, a family-based behavioural lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese adolescents. METHODS We conducted a two-arm randomised controlled trial that recruited overweight and obese adolescents who attended a tertiary care weight management clinic. Participants were randomised to the LITE programme or usual care. The primary outcome assessed was body mass index (BMI) z-score. Secondary outcomes of anthropometric measurements, metabolic profile, parenting and adolescents’ perception of family support were measured at baseline, three months and six months. Feasibility and acceptability of the LITE programme were also evaluated. RESULTS 61 adolescents were enrolled, with 31 in the LITE programme and 30 in usual care. At three months, participants in the programme had a greater reduction in weight (−0.18 ± 2.40 kg vs. 1.48 ± 1.97 kg; p = 0.107), waist circumference (−1.0 ± 3.1 cm vs. 2.4 ± 2.7 cm; p = 0.016), waist-height ratio (−0.01 ± 0.02 vs. 0.01 ± 0.02; p = 0.040) and systolic blood pressure (−3.8 ± 13.7 vs. 5.7 ± 13.1; p = 0.119) compared to the usual care group. There was no significant difference in BMI z-score. At six months, there were significant improvements in adolescents’ perception of family support for eating habits in the LITE group compared to the usual care group. The LITE programme had a good attendance rate of 67.7% and was well received. CONCLUSION The LITE programme showed feasibility and short-term clinical effectiveness in improving some clinical outcomes and improved adolescents’ perception of family support.
Aurum, a new monotypic genus of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) endemic to Western Australia, Australia
Authors: HUTCHINSON PAUL M. , MOESENEDER CHRISTIAN H.
Published: October 2019

The flower beetle genus Aurum new genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Schizorhinini: Schizorhinina) is described. Aurum is endemic to Australia, and contains a single species, Aurum leonorensis new species, from Western Australia. The genus is compared to the most closely related Australian flower beetle genera, Diaphonia Newman, 1840, Aphanesthes Kraatz, 1880, and Chondropyga Kraatz, 1880. Ecological observations and the collecting localities are detailed for Aurum leonorensis.
Preparation and study of Fe–Co–Zr–B nano-soft magnetic alloy
Authors: Wang Guofeng , Liu Minghui , Wang Lizhong , Liu Hongbo
Published: October 2019

The mechanical alloying of Fe–Co–Zr–B mixed powder has been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other test methods. The results show that the Fe–Co–Zr–B nanocrystalline alloy can be produced by mechanical alloying
from the elements powders by ball milling of 50 h. With the increase in Co content, the grain size increases correspondingly, and the size of composite particles decreases continuously. The mechanical alloying process of Fe–Co–Zr–B alloy system is slowed down by the addition
of Co.
Enhanced slump retention using polycarboxylate superplasticizers obtained by micro-crosslinking reaction
Authors: Cai Yuanbo , Yang Tuantuan , Ren Qinyu , Liang Mei , Zhou Shengtai
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a facile method was adopted to synthesize polycarboxylate (PC) superplasticizers which rendered excellent initial fluidity and workability of mortar in 1 hour. Micro-crosslinking was introduced in the PC molecules and the ester groups in crosslinker can form carboxyl
groups in the hydration solution of cement. The micro-crosslinked PC (MPC) superplasticizer was synthesized from butenyl alkylenepolyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether, sodium methacrylate, acrylic acid with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as the crosslinker in water medium. The effect
of monomer content and the dosage of crosslinker on the performance of MPC were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses were conducted to characterize the molecular structure of MPC. The fluidity of mortar in 1 hour was tested to study the fluidity
and the retention in fluidity of mortar with the presence of MPC, indicating that micro-crosslinking with trifunctional crosslinker TMPTA was an effective way to improve the fluidity retention without sacrificing the initial fluidity. Investigations on early hydration of cement with MPCs were
performed using XRD and TGA. Results showed that the addition of MPCs can slightly improve the degree of early hydration.
Fuzzy Logic Algorithms to Identify Birds, Precipitation, and Ground Clutter in S-Band Radar Data Using Polarimetric and Nonpolarimetric Variables
Authors: Radhakrishna Basivi , Fabry Frédéric , Kilambi Alamelu
Published: October 2019

The statistical properties of the radar echoes from biological, precipitation, and ground targets observed with the McGill S-band dual-polarization radar have been used to devise a polarimetric and a nonpolarimetric fuzzy logic algorithm for pixel-by-pixel target identification. Radar observations of migrating birds show distinctly different polarimetric features during their relative approach and departure from the radar site illustrating the dependency of radar parameters on the canting angle and scattering cross section. The devised algorithms have been tested with two independent events, each consisting of 2 h of radar observations with a 5-min temporal resolution. One event consisted of precipitation without birds while the other contained only birds. The misclassifications were 10.12% and 9.6%, respectively, for the two cases for the nonpolarimetric algorithm, and 1.99% and 0.92% for the polarimetric algorithm. The results indicate that even though nonpolarimetric radar membership functions may be considered adequate for separating radar echo returns from birds, precipitation, and ground targets, they are not sufficiently skilled if a greater accuracy is required. Target identification without polarimetric variables especially fails in the region of zero isodop and in precipitation with an echo top below 4 km.
The Thirsty Village
Authors: Channa Subhadra
Published: October 2019

Water is the most precious resource of humanity, yet life sustaining water is becoming scarce especially for the marginal sections of society as corporate greed and unscrupulous powers pollute and commodify this gift of nature. This article is the case study of a multi-caste, plural religious and multiethnic village in Udaipur, Rajasthan. Here, Hindustan Zinc mines have played a critical role in this region’s environment and destroyed the ground water and natural water bodies making the once abundant supply of water a distant memory. I demonstrate how the distribution and control of water reflect existing and evolving power dynamics. This power field is rooted in historically derived inequalities based on caste, religion and primordial identities, as well as historical factors of shifting loci of power. The transition from a feudal to a capitalist democracy has created a power flux that is reflected in the lived reality of day-to-day life, in the people’s struggle for survival and for access to the now scarce resource of water.
Googly eyes and yard signs: Deconstructing one professor’s successful rebuffing of a right-wing attack on an academic institution
Authors: Catalano Theresa , Kohen Ari
Published: October 2019

Right-wing populism is on the rise worldwide, and political attacks against universities have increased in the United States since the election of Donald Trump. In 2017, an incident occurred at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln which resulted in accusations of hostility toward conservative students. Just over a year later, political forces again attempted to denigrate the university’s reputation, but this time they did not succeed. This (multimodal) positive discourse analysis/generative critique combines collaborative auto-ethnography to describe the way these events were represented in the media, deconstructing a professor’s methods of countering a right-wing attack on an academic institution. Findings demonstrate the use of multiple strategies such as controlling the narrative through social media savvy; using linguistic strategies such as refutation of strawman fallacies, syntax, deixis and emotional appeal; and use of image.
Creative Arts Therapy in the Context of Children With Cancer: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Raybin Jennifer L. , Krajicek Marilyn
Published: October 2019

Aim: To report an analysis of the concept of creative arts therapy (CAT) in the context of pediatric cancer. Background: Literature supports the intuitive conclusion that creative interventions improve a patient’s journey through the cancer trajectory. However, a new definition is needed to encompass CAT and creative expression interventions in order to better understand the concept of creativity in health care, specifically in pediatric oncology. Design: Concept analysis. Data Sources: The scientific databases CINAHL, PsycInfo (Ovid), AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), and PubMed were queried for English language research articles published between 2008 and 2018 using the search terms: creative arts therapy and cancer. Method: The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was implemented. Results: CAT is a broad concept bringing creative arts in a therapeutic manner to children with cancer. Attributes include expression of feelings; creating art, music, or movement; and improvement of symptoms. CAT is frequently measured using quality of life and symptom assessment scales. Antecedents include the diagnosis of cancer, the distress caused by cancer, and a child’s willingness to participate in creative activity. Consequences include improved quality of life, improved sense of well-being, decreased psychosocial symptoms, and less cancer pain. Conclusion: The literature supports CAT as a concept that may decrease distress for children with cancer.
Arthroscopic Assessment of Syndesmotic Instability in the Sagittal Plane in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Lubberts Bart , Massri-Pugin Jafet , Guss Daniel , Wolf Jonathon C. , Bhimani Rohan , Waryasz Gregory R. , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Syndesmotic instability is multidirectional, occurring in the coronal, sagittal, and rotational planes. Despite the multitude of studies examining such instability in the coronal plane, other studies have highlighted that syndesmotic instability may instead be more evident in the sagittal plane. The aim of this study was to arthroscopically assess the degree of syndesmotic ligamentous injury necessary to precipitate fibular translation in the sagittal plane.

Methods:

Twenty-one above-knee cadaveric specimens underwent arthroscopic evaluation of the syndesmosis, first with all syndesmotic and ankle ligaments intact and subsequently with sequential sectioning of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), the interosseous ligament (IOL), the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), and deltoid ligament (DL). In all scenarios, an anterior to posterior (AP) and a posterior to anterior (PA) fibular translation test were performed under a 100-N applied force. AP and PA sagittal plane translation of the distal fibula relative to the fixed tibial incisura was arthroscopically measured.

Results:

Compared with the intact ligamentous state, there was no difference in sagittal fibular translation when only 1 or 2 ligaments were transected. After transection of all the syndesmotic ligaments (AITFL, IOL, and PITFL) or after partial transection of the syndesmotic ligaments (AITFL, IOL) alongside the DL, fibular translation in the sagittal plane significantly increased as compared with the intact state ( P values ranging from .041 to <.001). The optimal cutoff point to distinguish stable from unstable injuries was equal to 2 mm of fibular translation for the total sum of AP and PA translation (sensitivity 77.5%; specificity 88.9%).

Conclusion:

Syndesmotic instability appears in the sagittal plane after injury to all 3 syndesmotic ligaments or after partial syndesmotic injury with concomitant deltoid ligament injury in this cadaveric model. The optimal cutoff point to arthroscopically distinguish stable from unstable injuries was 2 mm of total fibular translation.

Clinical Relevance:

These data can help surgeons arthroscopically distinguish between stable syndesmotic injuries and unstable ones that require syndesmotic stabilization.
The Development of Trauma and Resilience Competencies for Nursing Education
Authors: Wheeler Kathleen , Phillips Kathryn E.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: Trauma and its consequences have been identified as a high-priority public health risk. A growing body of research reveals the devastating long-term consequences from common and widespread adverse events across the life span. In addition, recent research links medical procedures and medical illnesses with posttraumatic stress disorder. Nurses too are at risk and suffer vicarious trauma. Nurses must be able to recognize and assess for early trauma symptoms and assist in enhancing resilience in order to prevent and care for those with trauma. However, there is a lack of trauma-informed and trauma-specific training in nursing education. Given the ubiquity of traumatic events, the pervasive physical and emotional sequelae of trauma, and the existence of evidence-based treatment for trauma; there is a critical need to develop core competencies for nursing education and practice. AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Trauma and Resilience Competencies for Nursing Education. METHOD: An expert panel of 16 nurses met in 2018 to develop Trauma and Resilience Competencies for undergraduate and graduate nursing programs, and for psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner education. Following the Expert Panel’s work and approval from the institutional review board, a modified e-Delphi survey was sent to experts in trauma and resilience to validate this work. RESULTS: The competencies were validated and edited to 88 competencies through two rounds of a Delphi survey. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for education, practice, and research are discussed. The Trauma and Resilience Competencies for Nursing Education will be disseminated widely through publications and are available online.
Relative Efficacy of Nonoperative Treatment of Keratoacanthomas
Authors: Seger Edward W. , Tarantino Isadore S. , Neill Brett C. , Wang Ting
Published: October 2019

Background

Keratoacanthomas (KAs) are neoplasms of squamous epithelium which exhibit rapid growth and are often difficult to distinguish clinically from squamous cell carcinoma. Excision is the most common treatment, but in refractory cases or for KAs in cosmetically sensitive areas, nonoperative modalities may be better suited.

Objective

To compare efficacies of topical and intralesional therapies for the treatment of KAs.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed using Medline, Ovid, and Embase. Studies looking at the efficacy of topical or intralesional treatments for KAs were included. To compare efficacy, 2-tailed t-tests were performed, with P < .05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Forty-one studies were identified across 5 modalities. Both topical and intralesional treatments had high KA eradication rates (92%-100%). Intralesional 5-fluorouracil led to faster KA healing times when compared to intralesional methotrexate (3.7 vs 4.6 weeks, P = .017). Similarly, topical 5-fluorouracil led to faster time to heal than topical imiquimod (3.8 vs 7.6 weeks with imiquimod, P < .0001).

Conclusion

For nonoperative treatment of KAs, strong evidence currently exists for both topical and intralesional therapies. Decisions on which modality to use should be made on a case-by-case basis.
The Use of Historical Analogy in the 2017 Parliamentary Debates on the Future of Post-Brexit Commonwealth Trade
Authors: Ølholm Eaton Mark , Smith Andrew D
Published: October 2019

This study examines how (and how well) politicians in the UK Parliament use their historical knowledge in debates about intra–Commonwealth trade following Brexit. Based on a rigorous analysis of 2 days of parliamentary debates in the House of Commons and House of Lords in early 2017, one of our conclusions is that UK parliamentarians used their historical knowledge in cross-domain (the practice of applying historical knowledge to a field of human activity that is very different from the original historical circumstances) ways. Our study thus develops our understanding of the role of analogical reasoning in the cognition of policymakers. On the other hand, although Conservative speakers did not refer to a wide range of economic or trade historical topics, they did use their historical knowledge from other domains in the promotion of deepening intra–Commonwealth ties as an alternative to the Europe-dominated focus of British international policies since 1973. In these ways, our study thus adds to our knowledge of how policymakers use historical knowledge to understand complex issues such as Brexit.
Sports-Related Concussion in Adolescent Gaelic Games Players
Authors: O’Connor Siobhán , Moran Kieran , Burke Cian , Whyte Enda
Published: October 2019

Background:

Gaelic games are some of the most popular sports played by Irish adolescents, and the Gaelic Athletic Association has undertaken educational initiatives to improve awareness of a sports-related concussion (SRC). However, SRC underreporting is common among adolescent athletes internationally, potentially due to poor knowledge or attitudes toward SRC. This study aimed to examine previous experiences with, knowledge of, and attitudes toward reporting SRCs, as well as views on future education in adolescent Gaelic games players and their parents.

Hypotheses:

The hypotheses were as follows: (1) A significant number of adolescent Gaelic games players will have experienced an SRC, (2) nondisclosure of SRCs will be common, and (3) adolescents will display poorer attitudes toward reporting than parents.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Adolescent male and female Gaelic games players (n = 113) and parents (n = 151) completed an anonymous questionnaire examining previous experiences with, knowledge of, and attitudes toward reporting SRCs, as well as views on future SRC education initiatives.

Results:

Overall, 57.5% of adolescent Gaelic games players suspected they had suffered an SRC previously, and a greater number of suspected SRCs were reported than were medically diagnosed. Adolescent players (mean score, 11.4/14) and their parents (mean score, 11.8) displayed good knowledge of SRC signs and symptoms. However, adolescents were less likely to report an SRC during an important game or if an important game was coming up. Both adolescents and their parents would like more SRC education, particularly in the format of online videos or medical professional–led workshops.

Conclusion:

Underreporting of SRC occurs in adolescent players, despite good knowledge of SRC signs and symptoms. Education is required to highlight the importance of completing a return-to-play program after an SRC regardless of match importance.

Clinical Relevance:

A multifaceted educational strategy that targets the wider Gaelic games community in the preferred formats identified by key stakeholders is required.