bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering Collaborative Open Simulation for Next-Gen Enterprise Learning Ecosystems
Authors: Truman Barbara
Published: July 2019

Leaders seek models of healthy ecosystems to better foster systemic, predictable performance improvement for their learning enterprises. Ecosystems may be viewed narrowly, involving information technology architecture, content, and standards for interoperability or expansively where stakeholders connect to seek next-generation, transdisciplinary learning opportunities across society. Ecosystem stewardship is a responsibility of community/societal leaders and citizens who must collaborate to shape and harness forces and drivers of emerging technology. Mass collaboration is needed to push open simulation into an enterprise capability that monitors and models what was, what is, and can be. This chapter frames academic need and United States military use of open simulation suitable for exploring new ways to steward ecosystem wealth in the interest of learning enterprises and beyond.
Pioneering in the Virtual World Frontier
Authors: Calongne Cynthia
Published: July 2019

Immersion in virtual worlds presented opportunities for simulating the qualities valued in face-to-face classes with the flexibility afforded by online learning. Immersive learning engaged educators, curriculum designers, campuses, conferences, and educational community groups to devise new ways to collaborate and engage learners. Dreaming of opportunities that were not possible in the online classroom, educators saw the potential of building communities in virtual worlds. They gathered to share their and to employ novel approaches to address educational challenges. This chapter explores the phenomenon of selfhood and society integral to the development of a vibrant educational community. At the heart of virtual world education is an ecosystem of institutions, groups, and conferences comprised of the early adopters and pioneers who stimulated their imagination and pooled their resources to encourage and strengthen the community and cast their eye to the future.
AI-Augmented Developmental Instruction for Improving Contemplative Practices in the Face of Complexity
Authors: Stricker Andrew G. , Calongne Cynthia , Truman Barbara , Lyle David J. , Jacobson J. J.
Published: July 2019

A simulation design is introduced for using artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented developmental instruction for improving contemplative practices in the face of complexity. The focus of the design is on developmental instruction in the use of contemplative cognitive and moral reasoning practices to improve self-awareness and means to better discern and address complicated and complex challenges. Developmental instruction is supported by an AI-augmented tutoring aid provided during a simulated mission to Mars within an immersive 3D-world. A set of tasks are introduced during the Mars simulation to assist with the development of contemplative practices. The AI-augmented tutoring aid assists participants in the simulation to better understand and apply contemplative practices involving cognitive and moral reasoning meta-thinking suitable for each task. High levels of fidelity, involving visual, auditory, and interactive model-based reasoning (MBR) tools help to embed the senses, thoughts, and actions of participants in the feeling of traveling and being on Mars.
Overview of Gender With Examples From Turkish Media
Authors: Sarı Gülşah
Published: July 2019

In this study, the representation of gender in the media was examined. Examples of the media representations in the media has been presented as an introduction to the book. Gender development takes place in news, series, advertisements and the prevailing gender in cinema. After the theory part which includes academic studies and differences from sex. It was supported by examples from the media. In the study, women, men and homosexual representations in the Turkish media have been examined. At the end of the study, women have been depicted in the media in a disadvantaged and secondary position. Especially the news that the word “woman” in the news is reinforcing the disadvantageous position of women. In series and advertisements, women are either a carrier of an object or traditional role in the face of a man's perspective. In addition, men reinforce their dominant position in the society as well, while homosexuals are also disadvantaged like other women and continue their positions in the media.
Social Gender Representation in the Context of the Representation Problem in the Media
Authors: Atar Özge Gürsoy
Published: July 2019

Women's television programs appear as an indispensable broadcasting component of the morning television broadcasting series. Three women's programs, which were broadcasted in 2018, were analyzed in the study of how women participate in these television programs and the presentation of gender roles. First, the issue of social representation in the context of the problem of representation in the media was discussed. Later on, feminism and women's programs in the media were examined and the situation in the media was determined. In the application part of the study, numerical data were evaluated, and discourse analysis was conducted within the framework of the women's programs examined.
Rehabilitating Hegemonic Masculinity With the Bodies of Aging Action Heroes
Authors: Ke Kelvin
Published: July 2019

The aging action hero has become an important figure in post-millennial action cinema. Its significance can be seen in how aging heroes can be seen in such franchises like The Expendables (2009 – 2013), Taken (2008 – 2014), The Fast and the Furious (2001 – 2017), Mission Impossible (1995 – 2018), and James Bond (2006 – 2015). In the following chapter, it is argued that the aging action hero and the aging male body is significant because they provide an opportunity to rehabilitate the tropes of hegemonic masculinity and the indestructible male body by emphasizing the benefits of the aging male body and where male toxicity is replaced by wisdom and maturity; egocentricity is replaced by allocentrism. As a result, the presence of the aging hero shows the dynamism of action cinema in offering different and alternative visions of heroism and heroes.
Overview of the Gay Characters in the New Cinema of Turkey
Authors: İpek Özgür
Published: July 2019

Similar to the worldwide perceptions, gay characters in Turkish cinema are mostly perceived and used as elements of humor and comedy. They are also used as standards for measuring the masculinity of other male characters in some Turkish movies. And what about Today? What are the differences between the past and now? It is possible to say that Turkish cinema in 2000s involve more visible sexual identities apart from heteronormative understanding. This study will focus on the reflections and portrayals of only gay characters in New Turkish cinema.
Presentation of Female Character Subjectification in Iranian Cinema
Authors: Ulusal Dilek
Published: July 2019

Cinema is a social practice where myths about femininity and masculinity are produced, reproduced, and represented. Within this context, in cinema which produces feminine myths and forms female representations by reproducing them, feminist narratives are incontrovertible. In this study, female characters in political woman theme film Ten, directed in 2002 by Abbas Kiarostami who is recognized as one of the most successful directors of Modern Iranian Cinema, are examined in terms of feminist film theory. As a result of the study, it was observed that the director Kiarostami uplifted the identity of women by the narrative of the female characters he placed in the subject position of the film and tried to overthrow the established perception towards the women who were qualified as “the other” in Iranian society, through cinema.
IL-17 Production by γδ+ T Cells Is Critical for Inducing Th17 Responses in the Female Genital Tract and Regulated by Estradiol and Microbiota
Authors: Anipindi Varun C , Bagri Puja , Dizzell Sara E , Jiménez-Saiz Rodrigo , Jordana Manel , Snider Denis P , Stämpfli Martin R , Kaushic Charu
Published: July 2019

IL-17 can be produced by adaptive immune cells such as Th17 cells and by immune cells that produce IL-17 without prior priming. This latter category, which we will refer to as “innate,” includes innate cells such as NK cells and innate lymphoid cells and innate-like T cell populations such as NKT cells and γδ+ T cells. Studies in mucosal tissues have shown that the induction of Th17 immunity is amplified by innate IL-17 produced within those tissues. However, the role of innate IL-17 and its effect on Th17 induction in the female genital tract (FGT) is largely unknown. In this study, we characterize the primary source of IL-17–secreting vaginal cells and show that innate IL-17 plays a critical role in priming adaptive Th17 responses in the FGT. Under homeostatic conditions, γδ+ T cells were the predominant source of innate IL-17 in the murine FGT, and this population was modulated by both the sex hormone estradiol and the presence of commensal microbiota. Compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, vaginal APCs isolated from IL-17A–deficient (IL-17A−/−) mice were severely impaired at priming Th17 responses in APC–T cell cocultures. Furthermore, the defect in Th17 induction in the absence of innate IL-17 was associated with impairment of IL-1β production by vaginal CD11c+ dendritic cells. Overall, our study describes a novel role for IL-17 in the FGT and further demonstrates the importance of factors in the vaginal microenvironment that can influence adaptive immune responses.
Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 Expression through Inhibiting Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ in Placental Trophoblasts
Authors: Fu Lin , Chen Yuan-Hua , Bo Qing-Li , Song Ya-Ping , Ma Li , Wang Bo , Xu Shen , Zhang Cheng , Wang Hua , Xu De-Xiang
Published: July 2019

It is increasingly recognized that excessive glucocorticoids induce fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), a glucocorticoid-catalyzing enzyme, prevents active glucocorticoids from maternal circulation into the fetus, thus protecting against IUGR. Previous studies demonstrated gestational LPS exposure caused fetal IUGR. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of LPS on 11β-HSD2 in mice placentas and human placental trophoblasts. Pregnant ICR(CD-1) mice were i.p. injected with LPS (200 μg/kg) on gestational day 16. As expected, gestational LPS exposure downregulated 11β-HSD2 in mice placentas. In vitro, LPS downregulated 11β-HSD2 in human placental trophoblasts. Additional experiment showed that LPS, which activated NF-κB, suppressed rosiglitazone-induced activation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in mice placentas and human placental trophoblasts. Moreover, NF-κB p65 knockdown and specific NF-κB inhibitor attenuated LPS-induced suppression of PPARγ nuclear translocation in human placental trophoblasts. In addition, NF-κB p65 knockdown attenuated LPS-induced downregulation of 11β-HSD2 in human placental trophoblasts. Mechanically, LPS promoted physical interaction between NF-κB p65 and PPARγ in the cytoplasm and nucleus of placental trophoblasts. Finally, pretreatment with rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, partially alleviated LPS-induced reduction of fetal weight and crown-rump length. Taken together, these results suggest that LPS downregulates 11β-HSD2 through suppressing PPARγ in placental trophoblasts. Placental 11β-HSD2 downregulation may contribute partially to LPS-induced fetal IUGR.
Efficient CD4Cre-Mediated Conditional KRas Expression in Alveolar Macrophages and Alveolar Epithelial Cells Causes Fatal Hyperproliferative Pneumonitis
Authors: Chen Pengcheng , Wang Shang , Janardhan Kyathanahalli S. , Zemans Rachel L. , Deng Wenhai , Karmaus Peer , Shen Shudan , Sunday Mary , Que Loretta G. , Fessler Michael B. , Zhong Xiao-Ping
Published: July 2019

The CD4Cre transgenic model has been widely used for T cell–specific gene manipulation. We report unexpected highly efficient Cre-mediated recombination in alveolar macrophages (AMFs), bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in this strain of mice. Different from CD4 T cells, AMFs, AECs, and BECs do not express detectable Cre protein, suggesting that Cre protein is either very transiently expressed in these cells or only expressed in their precursors. Mice carrying a conditional constitutively active KRas (caKRas) allele and the CD4Cre transgene contain not only hyperactivated T cells but also develop severe AMF accumulation, AEC and BEC hyperplasia, and adenomas in the lung, leading to early lethality correlated with caKRas expression in these cells. We propose that caKRas–CD4Cre mice represent, to our knowledge, a novel model of proliferative pneumonitis involving macrophages and epithelial cells and that the CD4Cre model may offer unique usefulness for studying gene functions simultaneously in multilineages in the lung. Our observations, additionally, suggest that caution in data interpretation is warranted when using the CD4Cre transgenic model for T cell–specific gene manipulation, particularly when lung pathophysiological status is being examined.
Gait analysis - A comparison between observational analysis and temporal distance measurements
Authors: Riley M. , Goodman M. , Fritz V. U.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare observational analysis of gait to six temporal distance measurements in order to rate the accuracy of the observational analysis.Ten hemiparetic and ten parkinsonian patients were asked to walk along a paper walkway with ink pads attached to their normal footwear. Measurements of velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, base width and foot angle were taken.Ten normal subjects were also evaluated on the paper walkway to give normal values as a baseline for comparison with the hemiparetic and parkinsonian patient’s measurements.Observational analysis was recorded on a gait assessment form and a video recording was made of each patient. Comparison was made between the results recorded on the gait assessment form and the objective data.Observational analysis was found to be fairly reliable for the assessment of some gait parameters but as no accurate data are produced it cannot be used to give scientific proof of the effectiveness of treatment.Step length was the most difficult parameter to evaluate observationally in the hemiparetic patients, whereas cadence, foot angle and base width were the most difficult in the parkinsonian patients. As velocity was an easy value to record objectively it should be used in all gait assessments.
Shallow dive - Essays on the craft of manual care
Authors: Hansford Pamela K.
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Obituary: Rosemary Harte - July 1996
Authors: Kastell Brenda
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Determinants of understanding and satisfaction with health education by patients in primary healthcare
Authors: Galadari Alaa , Alnaqbi Jawaher , Al Mansoori Muath , Darwish Ebtihal , Khan Fozia
Published: July 2019

Objectives: The aim of the study is to measure the percentage of patients receiving health education services regarding diagnosis, treatment, prevention, health promotion, and its relation to the satisfaction level in primary healthcare (PHC) centers in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire targeting the population aged 18 and above who attend PHC centers in Abu Dhabi Island. A total number of 333 participants were enrolled in this study. Results: About 89.6% of participants reported receiving health education regarding diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and health promotion. 81% of health education was delivered by the physician using verbal methods, 94.4% of the participants reported it to be the most preferred method. A relationship was found between health education and satisfaction level (P = 0.000). 86.4% were satisfied with the health education service they received. The main reasons of satisfaction included provider medical knowledge 43.6% and good communication skills 41.2% (P = 0.045). A correlation was found between patient satisfaction and the continuity of care of participants as 88.2% who are satisfied reported will revisit the same physician (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Majority of the patients received health education about diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and health promotion. Most of them preferred a verbal method to be delivered by a physician. Moreover, participants who received health education found to be more satisfied and complaint with their follow-up as well as recommend the physician to others. The main reason for dissatisfaction was the provider's poor medical knowledge and poor communication skills. Therefore, physicians may need training courses to achieve better communication skills and to improve medical knowledge delivered to patients.
A non-commutative Bertini theorem
Authors: Rennemo Jørgen Vold , Segal Ed , Van den Bergh Michel
Published: July 2019

We prove a version of the classical ‘generic smoothness’ theorem with smooth varieties replaced by non-commutative resolutions of singular varieties. This in particular implies a non-commutative version of the Bertini theorem.
Sarcoid-like Foreign Body Granuloma of Tongue
Authors: Smitha SG , Bisanna Jagannath , Santhosh Nirmala
Published: July 2019

We report a case of delayed granulomatous reaction of the tongue due to religious practice of piercing with a metal rod. There are very few cases reported in literature with complications of ritual oral and body piercing presenting as sarcoid-like foreign body granuloma.
Schwannoma of Oropharynx: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Nemade Hemantkumar Onkar , Jaiswal Subbalaxmi Atmaram , Borade Vidhyadhar Rudrappa
Published: July 2019

Schwannomas are slow growing, encapsulated, solitary, benign tumors. They can arise from any myelinated nerve as they are tumors of neural sheath Schwann cells. Schwannoma seen in head and neck region are most commonly found in tongue, floor of mouth but rarely in oropharynx and tonsils. They are usually asymptomatic and rarely undergo malignant transformation. Schwannomas are considered radioresistant and recure less frequently after complete excision. Hence, complete surgical excision is treatment of choice. We are presenting a case of elderly female with oropharyngeal schwannoma completely extirpated transorally by dissection method by cold instruments. Due to rarity of presentation the surgical approach to this lesion is not well established. Following surgery the raw area created was well epithelized and patient relieved symptoms without significant morbidity. We conclude that this is a cost-effective and simple approach for management of other similar cases in future.
Anatomical Variations of Infraorbital Foramen in Dry Human Adult Egyptian Skulls, Anthropometeric Measurements and Surgical Relevance
Authors: Elsheikh Ezzeddin , Nasr Wail Fayez , Ibrahim Amal Al Shahat
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Evidence supports a clear racial variation in the position of the infraorbital foramen (IOF). Therefore detailed knowledge of the population specific data on biometric features of (IOF) will facilitate therapeutic, diagnostic and surgical manipulations in the maxillofacial region. The goal of this study was to elucidate the morphological features and precise anatomical position of the (IOF) with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks in an adult Egyptian population.

Materials and methods

Fifty-nine adult dry Egyptian skulls (32 males and 27 females) were assessed to determine the number, shape, orientation, vertical and transverse diameters of the IOF, transverse distance from the IOF to the maxillary midline, the zygomaticomaxillary suture and the vertical distance from the IOF to the infraorbital rim and accessory infraorbital foramen using a metal casting digital vernier caliper. The position of the IOF was determined in relation to the maxillary teeth. The findings indicated that the size of the IOF and the mean distances from the IOF to the maxillary midline, infraorbital rim and foramen was significantly larger in males than in females.

Results

The majority of IOF among the skulls were semilunarshaped in 59.4% in male skulls and 48.1% in female skulls. The majority were directed inferomedially in 88.9% in female skulls and 78.1 % in male skulls. Accessory foramina were found in 21.87% of male skulls and 18.5% of female skulls. All had bilateral double foramina except for one male skull and one female skull.

Conclusion

The racial and gender differences of the IOF emphasize the need for meticulous preoperative evaluation of the IOF in patients who are candidates for maxillofacial surgeries and regional block anesthesia.
Skull Base Osteomyelitis Resulting in Petrous Internal Carotid Aneurysm
Authors: Radhakrishnan Suma R , Dahiya Vijeyta , Devarajan Ellezhuthil , Ramachandran K
Published: July 2019

Skull base osteomyelitis typically occurs most often as a complication of malignant otitis externa secondary to pseudomonas infection. Common risk factors are increasing age, diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression. If it happens in the absence of external otitis it is called atypical or central type. Medical management is the mainstay of treatment. Surgical management is for a diagnostic biopsy and in some for debridement. Described below is a case report of a 75 years old male patient who was diagnosed to have skull base osteomyelitis and was started on intravenous antibiotics. Following an initial improvement of symptoms, after 4 weeks he developed ear and oropharyngeal bleed. Imaging revealed a massive aneurysm of petrous internal carotid artery with multiple brain infarcts and before we could intervene the patient expired. This case emphasizes a rarity in skull base osteomyelitis and the need for early diagnosis and aggressive treatment.
Antistreptolysin O Positivity in Chronic Tonsillitis: Rare or Common?
Authors: Prashanth KB , George Nitha Mary
Published: July 2019

Objective

To determine the frequency of antistreptolysin O (ASLO) positivity in cases of proven chronic tonsillitis.

Materials and methods

The present study was conducted in a tertiary care center from January to October 2013. A total of 150 patients who presented with features suggestive of chronic tonsillitis and willing for surgery were included in the study. On admission, following a detailed history taking and clinical examination, preoperative investigations along with ASLO titers were done. Following medical and anesthetic fitness, the patients underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and the tonsillar specimens were sent for histopathological examination.

Results

A total of five out of the 150 patients showed ASLO titer positivity (>200 IU/ml) and all were histopathologically proven cases of chronic tonsillitis.

Conclusion

Early detection and treatment of Streptococcal tonsillar involvement could be a preventive measure against the future predilection of other predisposed organs to more severe and debilitating streptococcal infections.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as a Unifocal Eosinophilic Granuloma in the Body of the Mandible: A Rare Report
Authors: Shah Pratik Dipak , Mukherji Srijon
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a relatively rare and unique benign disease characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature dendritic cells which usually affects children and young adults. Jaws are involved in less than 10% of children with the disease.

Objective

To add on to the literature one more case of this rare and unique disease which accounts for less than 1% of all bone tumors and also to discuss its oral manifestation and management.

Design

Case report

Setting

Private maxillofacial surgery institute, Kolkata, West Bengal.

Patient

A 2 years and 8 months old male child with solitary swelling over the lower left jaw since one and half months. Lesion was fixed to underlying bone and there was an expansion of buccal cortical plate at the body of mandible.

Results

Enucleation of the lesion performed after assessing history, clinical and radiological dertails and also considering patient's age. Postoperative biopsy result came as LCH presenting as a unifocal eosinophil granuloma. Appropriate surgical intervention resulted in a dramatic improvement in patient's clinical condition. At present, patient is disease-free and asymptomatic.

Conclusion

Surgical enucleation or curettage is a preferred treatment option for maxillary and mandibular lesion. Potential for the unifocal disease to become multifocal should not be underestimated as the disease can be unpredictable. We recommend long-term follow-up due to uncertainty of the disease.
Novel Approach to Rhinosporidiosis
Authors: Aroor Rajeshwary , Gowda Madhukar Muniswamy , Bhat Vadisha Srinivas , Bhandary Satheesh Kumar
Published: July 2019

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic enigmatic disease affecting mainly the upper aero digestive tract and is notorious for frequent recurrences as high as 70%. Higher incidences of recurrence are mainly due to nonendoscopic excision with resultant residual disease leading to seedling of the disease.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to highlight the factors responsible for recurrence and to follow the clinical course to ensure against recurrence of rhinosporidiosis. External surgery in rhinosporidiosis should be avoided for the fear of implantation. With the advent of endoscopes and Lasers allow the surgeon to complete excision of the lesion with cauterization of the base.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study of thirty two cases of rhinosporidiosis presented to us over a period of 10 years from 2002 to 2012. Out of which 14 cases presented to us for the first time and 18 cases were recurrent cases. The commonest age group of presentation was between 20 and 30 years in patients presenting for the first time and in recurrent cases the commonest age of presentation was between 50 and 60 years of age. Majority of patients were males with male to female ratio of 9:1. All patients underwent endoscopic excision, electro cautery was used in 30 patients and Laser was used in 2 patients.

Results

Fourteen cases did not have any recurrence and in the 18 cases of recurrent cases three of them again had a recurrence where electro cautery was used to cauterize the base.

Conclusion

Endoscopic excision of rhinosporidiosis has a better result over nonendoscopic approaches with lesser recurrence rate. Our results show that use of endoscopes in patients who presented for the first time have a better results as the mucosa of recurrence patients have already been insulted due to previous surgeries.
WHY DOES LOCAL ANESTHESIA NOT WORK EVERY TIME?
Authors: Dodwad Reshma.
Published: July 2019

This article describes the reasons why local anaesthesia may fail. It offers strategies to help to overcome failure of local anesthesia in dentistry.
Replantation of an Avulsed Permanent Maxillary central Incisor After Prolonged Dry Storage: A Case Report
Authors: Seal Mukut , Dhanya Kumar N. M.
Published: July 2019

All of us as clinicians at one time or another have to attend to dental emergencies involving severly fractured or even lost or avulsed anterior teeth. Treating such cases is often difficult and there is always a time factor involved. Loss of anterior teeth can affect a patient psychologically and socially. This can be minimised by an immediate replacement or replantation of the lost or avulsed teeth. Definitive treatment planning and consultation with specialists is seldom possible at the time of emergency treatment. Replantation of the avulsed tooth can restore esthetic appearance and occlusal function shortly after the injury. This article describes the management of a young female with an avulsed maxillary permanent incisor that had been air-dried for about 72 hours. The replanted incisor retained its esthetic appearance and functionality 8 months after replantation, yet the long-term prognosis remains questionable.
INADVERTANT PENETRATION OF BLOOD VESSELS DURING INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK TECHNIQUES
Authors: Shankariah Manjunath. , Rao Malapati Sudhakar , Muthanna Kalappa T
Published: July 2019

Background

The blood aspiration technique before the injection of local anesthetic solution is an essential procedure, because it prevents possible systemic’ complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of intravascular injection in different techniques of inferior alveolar nerve block and to know the technique which has very low incidence of vascular penetration.

Methods

Fifty patients in the ages of 17-70 years irrespective of sex, who were indicated for bilateral extractions of mandibular teeth were selected for this study. Patients were randomly divided into two divisions consisting of 25 patients requiring bilateral extraction procedures. In first division classical technique of inferior alveolar nerve block was administered on one side and on 2nd appointment Angelo Sargenti technique was administered on the other side. In the second division of 25 patients, indirect technique was administered on one side in 1st appointment and Clark and Holmes technique was administered on the other side in next appointment. Incidence of positive aspiration due to inadvertent penetration of inferior alveolar vessels was recorded.

Results

In group I positive aspiration rate was 8%, group II it was 4%, group III it was 4% and group IV it was 8%. Chi-square and fisher exact test was used and statistically there was no significant difference in the incidence of positive aspiration in all four groups. We found an overall aspiration rate of 6% in all four groups.

Conclusion

The incidence of positive aspiration was evaluated in all the 4 groups. There was no statistical significance in the rate of positive aspiration in all the groups included in our study.
COMPARISON OF DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY WITH CONVENTIONAL METHOD IN ROOT LENGTH DETERMINATION OF PRIMARY TEETH
Authors: Neena I.E.
Published: July 2019

AIM

Working length determination in primary teeth endodontics using intra oral digital radiovisiography, and compare it with conventional method for accuracy.

METHODOLOGY

This in vivo study was conducted on 30 primary teeth which were indicated for pulpectomy in the patients of the age group of 5-11 years All experimental teeth had adequate remaining tooth structure for rubber dam isolation and radiographicaly visible canals. Endodontic treatment was required due to irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis. A standardized intraoral periapical radiograph of the tooth was taken using conventional method by paralleling technique. The distance between the source and the tooth, tooth and the films were standardized using X-ray positioning device.

RESULT

From the results obtained we can conclude that intraoral digital radiography methods of determining the root canal length in primary teeth can be considered reliable and safe in endodontic treatment of children.

CONCLUSION

The following conclusions were drawn from this present study Intraoral digital radiography also proved to be safest method in determining working length with significant reduction in radiation dosage. Hence this techniques can be safely used as an alternate to conventional radiographic method in determining working length in primary teeth.
HEPATITIS B - PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND CARE: A REVIEW
Authors: Desai Rajendra , Anuradha M. , Kumar Yashavanth , Harsha. V
Published: July 2019

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is spread through contact with blood or body fluids of an infected person.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The likelihood of developing Chronic Hepatitis B is related to the age at which infection is acquired; the risk being lowest in adults and >90% in neonates whose mothers are hepatitis B e antigen positive. HBV is not directly cytopathic and liver injury appears to be mostly caused by repeated attempts of the host's immune responses to control the infection. After reviewing the various articles, the following protocols are best suited for the health care workers.
FUNCTIONAL TREATMENT OBJECTIVE-ROLE IN TWO PHASE TREATMENT
Authors: Shivaprakash G.
Published: July 2019

A distal occlusion exerts restraining occlusal forces on the mandibular dentition, and the maxillary dental arch is narrow from distal positioning of the lower dentition. These factors may not allow the mandible to grow to its full genetic potential In severe class II. In the hands of an experienced clinician, full time functional appliances are most efficient in correcting severe class II malocclusion than conventional fixed appliance techniques without mandibular propulsion. This is especially true when the treatment is timed to coincide with the pubertal growth spurt. A case successfully treated with two phase treatment to meet the functional treatment objective is presented.
Variants of inferior alveolar nerve block: A review
Authors: Seth Rahul , Anuradha M. , Yashavanth Kumar D.S. , Babji Harsha V.
Published: July 2019

The inferior alveolar nerve block is the most common method for obtaining mandibular anaesthesia in dental practice, but it is estimated to have a success rate of only 80 to 85%. Traditional anaesthesia of the mandibular nerve and its branches consists of deposition of anaesthetic solution in the region of the mandibular foramen. This commonly used technique eliminates all somatosensory perception of the mandible, mandibular teeth, floor of the mouth, ipsilateral tongue, and all but the lateral (buccal) gingivae. In the case of difficulty-to-anesthetize patient, the inferior alveolar nerve can be particularly challenging. In those patients, other approaches may be necessary to achieve profound anaesthesia. This article summarizes the different approaches that may be utilized in such cases.

How to cite this article

Anuradha M, Yashavanth Kumar DS, Harsha VB, Rahul S. Variants of inferior alveolar nerve block. CODS J Dent 2014;6;35-39
Immediate partial denture for restoring esthetics and function of mandibular anterior teeth
Authors: LNU Amrin , Jain Jayesh Kumar
Published: July 2019

Being endentulous, particularly in the anterior region is highly traumatic for patients both esthetically and psychologically. This article presents a case of immediate esthetic and functional rehabilitation of a female patient after extraction of mandibular anterior teeth by fabricatin of immediate partial denture which was inserted immediately following extraction of teeth. Due to their inherent advantages, immediate dentures have become indispensible part of prosthetic rehabilitation of patients.

How to cite this article

Amrin, Jayesh KJ. Immediate partial denture for restoring esthetics and function of mandibular anterior teeth. CODS J Dent 2014;6;124-126
An Effectiveness of Oral Health Promotion Program on 12 Year old School Going Children of South Indian Children
Authors: Shashibhushan KK , Poornima P. , Arora Sathyaki
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives

Dental care is the most common unmet health care need of children in India. The study was undertaken to test lecture method for providing oral health education to 12 year old school going children.

Methods

A sample size of 200 was selected randomly from 6 different schools of Davangere district. Students who were of chronological age of 12 year from the selected schools were included in the study. Before giving lecture aid, the study group IS assessed about their self-implemented oral hygiene practices through questionnaire. The study groups were assessed immediately and 6 months after given lecture aid through a questionnaire which was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of 12 year old school children regarding their oral health. The data thus collected was tabulated, assessed and statistically analyzed using student paired T-test and McNemar test.

Results

There was statistically significant (P<0.001) improvement in the knowledge and behavior regarding oral health amongst study group with the overall improvement in correct answers. There was a significant reduction (P<0.001) in the memory among the study group after 6 months of oral hygiene instruction.

Interpretation and Conclusion

The lecture method was effective in improving oral hygiene attitudes and skills. After 6 months, there was a significant reduction in memory gained after interventional program which dictates the need for regular reinforcement of educational and motivational programs.

How to cite this article

Poornima P., Arora S, Neena IE, Shashibhushan KK, Nagaveni NB. An Effectiveness of Oral Health Promotion Program on 12 Year old School Going Children of South Indian Children. CODS J Dent 2015;7:55-59.
Non Syndromic Generalised Taurodontism in Primary and Permanent teeth -A Case Report
Authors: Neena I.E , .KP Bharath , LNU Priya , .P. Poornima
Published: July 2019

Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly defined as a change in shape of the tooth caused by the failure of Hertwig's epithelial sheath to invaginate at the proper horizontal level. The characteristic features of this anomaly are an enlarged pulp chamber with apical displacement of the pulpal floor, and no constriction at the level of the Cemento-enamel junction. They occur most frequently as an isolated anomaly or it may be associated with certain syndromes. Permanent dentition is more commonly affected than deciduous dentition, seen unilaterally or bilaterally, and in any combination of teeth or quadrants. This case report describes a case of generalised taurodontism involving all the deciduous molars and permanent molars in a 7 years old male patient.

How to cite this article: Bharath .KP, Priya, Poornima .P, Neena I.E. Non Syndromic Generalised Taurodontism in Primary and Permanent teeth -A Case Report. CODS J Dent 2015;7: 90-92
Effect of Continuous 6 Months Oral Antioxidant Combination with Universally recommended Dosage in Idiopathic Male Infertility
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ratna , Yasmin Shanawaz , Chakravarty BN
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to observe the adverse effects of high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in idiopathic male infertility and the role of a combined antioxidant therapy for six months to overcome the detrimental effects of ROS.

A prospective study including 185 infertile male was conducted at Institute of Reproductive Medicine (IRM) from January 2014 to April 2015. All the major sperm parameters as well as ROS, antioxidant level and the effect of high ROS level were evaluated before and after the therapy.

A significant improvement in sperm motility and concentration were observed after 6 months of therapy. Antioxidant level had increased and ROS level had decreased significantly after the antioxidant treatment. Improvement in morphology and leukocyte concentration were observed though not clinically significant.

Conclusion

This combined antioxidant therapy may improve sperm quality after continuous 6 months of treatment. However, further study is needed regarding this experiment for validating the trend.

How to cite this article

Chattopadhyay R, Yasmin S, Chakravarty BN. Effect of Continuous 6 Months Oral Antioxidant Combination with Universally recommended Dosage in Idiopathic Male Infertility. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(1):1-6.
Correlation of Gross Motor Function with Topographical Diagnosis in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Laisram Nonica , Muzaffar Tufail , Kothari S Y
Published: July 2019

There is a need for appropriate classification to describe gross motor function status in a child with cerebral palsy (CP). It was hypothesised that: greater the number of limbs involved, higher would be the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level; and, there would be spectrum of GMFCS level for each of the topographical types of the cerebral palsy.

A cross-sectional study of 182 children of both sexes in the age group of 7 months to 30 years having spastic CP who attended CP clinic from 2008 to 2009 in tertiary care hospital were assessed for topographical diagnosis and GMFCS levels. Topographical distribution showed diplegia (42%), quadriplegia (30%), hemiplegia (23%), triplegia (4%) and monoplegia (1%). GMFCS levels were almost evenly distributed, level II (26%) was most common followed by level V (23%). Statistical analysis was done using Cramer's ratio and Pearson's Chi-square test.

Cramer's ratio of 0.277 showed fairly weak correlation between GMFCS levels and topographical CP types. Pearson's Chi-square (12) =41.7, p=0.000 indicates that there is significant difference between expected and observed values of number of limbs involved in GMFCS levels, further substantiating the weak correlation.

These results mean that GMFCS in different topographical groups have different distributions. It was also observed that GMFCS had weak correlation with the number of limbs involved, thus reflecting that the GMFCS is a better indicator of gross motor function impairment than the traditional topographical categorisation of CP that specifies the number of limbs involved.
Functional Outcome of Stroke Patients, Correlation with Scandinavian Stroke Scale
Authors: Dev Keshav
Published: July 2019

Present hospital based prospective study was conducted in Sawai Man Singh Hospital in Jaipur district of Rajasthan state (west part of India) during the year 2008-2009 to know functional outcome of stroke correlation with Scandinavian stroke scale score. Assessment severity of stroke on Scandinavian stroke scale (SSS) score and functional disability on Barthel Index (BI) were neasured. Out of 200 included cases 11 were dropped out and it was found that incidence of stroke in young individual is significantly less than older individual. Hypertension was most important risk factor. Ratio of R: U=1.38: 1, M: F=1.74: 1 and infarction: hemorrhage= 1.32: 1. Metabolic syndrome was a nonsignificant risk factor for women as well as men (p>0.005). The correlation between the SSS and on functionally outcome was significant (p<0.005).
Impact of Early Physiotherapy Intervention on Neurodevelopment in Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants during the First Six Months of Life
Authors: Meena N. , Kurup V. K. Mohandas , Ramesh S. , Sathyamoorthy R.
Published: July 2019

A prospective, controlled trial was conducted to assess the outcome of early physical therapy intervention on preterm low birth weight infants during the first six months of life. A cohort of 100 preterm low birth weight infants who got admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and referral newborn (RNB) of Raja Muthiah Medical College and Hospital (RMMC & H) were included prospectively. Infants who received regular early physiotherapy intervention were assigned as interventional group (EI) and infants who were advised but did not turn up for early intervention as comparison group (NEI). The Amiel-Tison neurologic examination and Denver developmental screening test (DDST) were used and results were compared. Better performance of infants was found in EI group in neurologic and developmental domains. The data suggest significant benefit of the use of EI programme over NEI in the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm LBW infants at 6 months of corrected age.
Hand and Foot Deformities in Parkinsonism – A Case Report
Authors: Kothari S Y , Menon Nitin A , Sreekumar V
Published: July 2019

Deformities of the hands and feet in Parkinson's disease (PD) may be mistaken for other more commonly occurring conditions. A case report of a 62 years old lady with Parkinsonism having such deformities is presented here.
Electrodiagnosis of Quadrilateral Space Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Sinha Anupam , Dholakia Madhuri
Published: July 2019

Quadrilateral space syndrome is a rare occurrence of compression of the axillary nerve within the quadrilateral space. It presents as shoulder pain with weakness due to teres minor atrophy. It can often times be overlooked and undertreated. MRI and electrodiagnostic studies are used to confirm the diagnosis. We present a case of a patient with quadrilateral space syndrome confirmed using both MRI and electrodiagnosis.
Intra-articular Steroid in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder: A Comparison of the Anterior and Posterior Approaches
Authors: Sharma G Sonachand , Nandabir Singh Y , Bimol Singh N , Touthang Alex T , Tamphaleima KH
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare the anterior and posterior blind intra-articular steroid injections approaches in the management of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder

Design

Randomised control trial

Setting

Department of PMR, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur.

Participants

The patients having adhesive capsulitis of shoulder (n=60) attending PMR department, RIMS during the study period.

Duration

One year (August 2011 to July 2012).

Intervention

After randomisation, 60 patients were allocated in three groups (A, B and C). Group C (n=20) received physical therapy practice in the department of PMR, RIMS, Imphal. Group A (n=18) and B (n=22) received intraarticular steroid (methylprednisolone 80mg each) by anterior and posterior approaches without imaging guidance respectively in addition to physical therapy. Outcome measures: 1) Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, 2) Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) and 3) Passive range of motion of affected shoulder using goniometer.

Results

All the three groups showed improvement with statistically significant (p<0.005) findings in all the outcome variables except in shoulder flexion range (p=0.085). Improvement in outcomes namely VAS, SPADI, shoulder rotation and abduction range were more marked in group A when compared with group B which was found statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion

The intra-articular steroid injection when combined with physical therapy is effective in the management of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder. The blind anterior approach intra-articular steroid injection is more effective than posterior approach in improving shoulder rotation and abduction range of movements, reducing shoulder pain and disability in patient having less than 3 months duration adhesive capsulitis of shoulder.
Dyke Davidoff Masson Syndrome: A Rare Disease Presented without Motor Weakness
Authors: Joy AK , Sangme Ngampa , Mohes Annada Sankar , Bidyarani Th
Published: July 2019

Medical science is full of surprises. We faced one such surprise while treating a 47-year-old male patient with difficulty in walking for 6 months duration along with occasional seizures since childhood. After thorough clinical examination and investigations, patient was diagnosed as a case of Dyke Davidoff Masson syndrome (DDMS). It is a rare syndrome due to hemiatrophy of cerebral hemisphere and associated with hemiplegia or hemiparesis. But in this case, patient had only ankle clonus, causing difficulty in walking without any other motor deficit. Alcohol neurolysis of gastrosoleus muscles was done followed by gait training and improvement of gait was noticed over time.
Stroke Presenting as an Isolated Hand Palsy
Authors: Nandabir Singh Y , Sharma G. Sonachand , Touthang Alex T , Tamphleima Kh
Published: July 2019

Isolated hand palsy also known as ‘pseudoperipheral palsy’ is a rare presentation of ischaemic stroke, often mistaken for peripheral nerve lesion. Here, we report a 13 years old young girl presented with sudden onset right hand palsy without any typical features of either upper motor lesion or lower motor lesion. Ischaemic stroke caused by embolic infarct of left precentral gyrus was the possible cause for her. She was managed with physiotherapy interventions including electrical stimulation, strengthening, grip exercise etc. Such an isolated hand palsy resulting from stroke is a rarely reported entity.