bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Perawatan Alat Pemadam Api Jenis Portable Foam DI MT. KATOMAS
Authors: Pramono Hadi , Hermawan M , Adiputera Ryan
Published: May 2021

When there is combustion there are three main components that cause the fire which is commonly called the Fire Triangle. The fire triangle itself consists of unified and balanced Heat, Fuel and Oxygen that will cause fires to the point where workers are also very detrimental to the company if this happens if it is not immediately addressed. The author in collecting the data needed until the completion of writing this scientific paper, uses the method of approach and data collection by Observation and Literature Study on the MT ship. Katomas which is an oil product cargo ship which is a flammable liquid, the best extinguishing agent is foam fire extinguisher. Fire fighting equipment is also not only a supporting factor but also an indispensable factor and is part of the ship and its crew. Safety concerns the safety of the cargo, crew and ship itself. Then the damage to the fire extinguisher and the decline in the work function of the tool is due to lack of maintenance and attention to the extinguisher which causes the work of the device to be less than optimal.

Keywords : Portable fire extinguisher, Foam fire extinguisher, Fire fighting equipment

Saat terjadi pembakaran ada tiga komponen utama yang menyebabkan terjadinya api yang biasa disebut Segitiga Api. Segitiga api itu sendiri terdiri dari Heat, Fuel dan Oxygen yang bersatu dan seimbang yang akan menimbulkan kebakaran hingga membahayakan para pekerja juga sangat merugikan perusahaan apabila hal ini terjadi jika tidak segera ditanggulangi. Penulis dalam mengumpulkan data yang diperlukan hingga selesainya penulisan karya tulis ilmiah ini, menggunakan metode pendekatan dan pengumpulan data dengan Observasi dan Studi Pustaka pada kapal MT. Katomas yang merupakan kapal muatan Oil Product yang merupakan zat cair yang mudah terbakar, maka zat pemadam yang paling baik adalah jenis pemadam api foam. Peralatan pemadam kebakaran juga bukan hanya faktor pendukung tetapi juga merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat diperlukan dan menjadi bagian dari kapal dan awaknya. Keselamatan yang menyangkut keselamatan pada muatan, awak kapal, dan kapalnya itu sendiri. Maka kerusakan alat pemadam api dan menurunnya fungsi kerja dari alat tersebut dikarenakan akibat kurangnya perawatan dan perhatian terhadap alat pemadam tersebut yang menyebabkan kerja dari alat tersebut menjadi kurang optimal.

Kata Kunci : Pemadam Api Portabel, Pemadam Api Foam, Peralatan pemadam kebakaran
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ НЕНЕФТЯНОГО ЭКСПОРТА АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА
Authors: Агагасымов Вугар
Published: May 2021

После падения мировых цен на энергоносители в конце 2014 года экономика Азербайджана, как и многих стран, в экспорте которых важное место занимает углеводородное топливо, столкнулась с рядом сложностей по обеспечению положительного сальдо платежного баланса. Целью статьи является выявление ключевых направлений развития ненефтяного экспорта Азербайджана. В исследовании используются методы анализа, сравнения и группировок. При этом выводы, сделанные автором, окажутся полезными для всех исследователей, которые интересуются вопросами поощрения экспорта, независимо от их страновой принадлежности.
ФУТУРОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФЕНОМЕНУ ПОТРЕБ ЛЮДИНИ XXI СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: Яроче́нко Яніна
Published: May 2021

статті розглядається користь футурологічних підходів при структуруванні потреб людини. Світ людського існування розглядається у площині екзистенційно-духовних потреб сучасної людини через потребу в збалансованих і гармонійних адекваціях на рівнях: Індивід – Особистість – Індивідуальність. Проаналізовано ключові думки різних вчених і окреслено перспективи подальших наукових розвідок з означеної проблеми.
TAJIK WORDS LABELING PLACE AND LOCATION IN ENGLISH
Authors: Khikmatulloeva Naimakhon , Sharipova Shahzoda
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of Tajik words included in the English language. Such lexical items are commonly used to refer to a place of sale, a meeting place for officials, a government office, and others.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF EBSTEIN ANOMALY
Authors: Maliga Oxana , Avramov Shany
Published: May 2021

This study examined the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of Ebstein anomaly using data collected from 12 patients with Ebstein anomaly. These patients were hospitalized between March 2015 – October 2019 in the department of paediatric cardiac surgery in Timofei Moșneaga Republican Clinical Hospital, Chisinau Moldova. Their pre-operative echocardiography description of the tricuspid valve and the description of the surgeon from the surgery were compared. Results showed that the data obtained by echocardiography were very similar to the intraoperative findings that were reported by the surgeon in most patients.
ПЕРИОДОНТИТ ВРЕМЕННЫХ ЗУБОВ. ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЧАСТОТЫ И МЕТОДОВ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Герца Александр , Чумейко Игорь , Аворник Лучия
Published: May 2021

В работе анализированы данные современной литературы обращая внимание на периодонтиты временных зубов в контексте зубочелюстных аномалий. Были выделены особенности строения периодонта и прилегающих тканей у детей, методы диагностики и лечения периодонтитов временных зубов. При определении тактики лечения периодонтита временного зуба необходимо оценить ряд параметров: функциональная ценность зуба, характер и локализация патологического процесса уровень стоматологического и соматического здоровья ребенка, готовность ребенка и родителей к сотрудничеству.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF HEAT CAPACITY OF ALUMINIUM, COPPER, SILICON, MAGNESIUM AND ZINC AND COMPARISON WITH DEBYE THEORY
Authors: Nizomov Z. , Saidzoda (Saidov) R. , Gulov B. , Sharipov J.
Published: May 2021

The results of comparison of heat capacity of aluminum, copper, silicon, magnesium and zinc with Debye's theory depending on temperature are given in the paper. It was revealed that the main components of the heat capacity of metals are the lattice component; is a component due to thermal expansion and is an electronic contribution. It is proposed that when creating the theory of heat capacity, it is necessary to take into account the anharmonicity of the oscillations of atoms in the nodes of the crystal lattice and the change in Debye temperature.
İNTEGRATİON OF İNDUSTRİAL DESİGN İNTO ALL AREAS OF HUMAN ACTİVİTY
Authors: Gasimova Elfana , Salehzadeh Gulchohra , Namazova Narmina
Published: May 2021

Industrial design deals with the artistic design of certain elements of the human habitat. Industrial designers strive to define the appearance of the objects around us and try to make them as functional or decorative as possible. Undoubtedly, modern civilization is industrial. This is probably the reason why industrial companies make profits hardly comparable to those of other types of activities. Interest in the industry has led to an increase in demand for the services of professional designers.
On Being a First-Year Student
Authors: Al Maani Duaa
Published: May 2021

This research provides an important opportunity to advance our understanding of the evolving conception of learning in the design studio and specifically how first year students at architecture schools adapt to their new learning environment.
Between Daedalus and Ariadne
Authors: Frith Ed
Published: May 2021

Who makes the architecture first, Ariadne with her thread defining a place, or Daedalus making the labyrinthine space? What makes the educational process, not the bright new shiny buildings (space), but the bodies of students, travelling on their overlapping educational journeys (place)? So Samsonite suitcases at the ready. This paper will explore the hidden, implicit relationship between space and place in architectural education, not in the physical (architectural school) but as the locating of process in architectural research.
Educational Content of Today The Understanding of Architecture as a Collective Art
Authors: Lauvland Gro
Published: May 2021

Our understanding of the world is manifested in what we make and produce. Through the last 250 years there has been a change in the understanding of man´s place in the world. Our way of building is characterized by market economy and controlled production processes — as if we can control everything through our consciousness. Both the given nature and what is transferred to us through history, are regarded as resources made for us. Today our understanding of the world makes the cities more and more similar. This understanding of nature and culture challenges our human conditions.

As human beings, we are embedded in the place, according to both Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. In line with their understanding the Norwegian architect and theorist Christian Norberg-Schulz argued, for instance in Stedskunst (1995), that it is the qualities of the place we identify with, and which makes it possible for us to feel at home.
Revealing the Academy
Authors: Stewart Sally
Published: May 2021

In what ways and to what extent can the individual shape the institution and thereby the architectural education it provides? How does this manifest itself in the formation and experience of the student on their journey towards establishing their own personal creative practice and agency?

This paper attempts to explore the three-way relationship between school, teacher and student, with the aim of exposing the constant dynamic and flux as each acts on and is responsive to the others, while all aim to achieve a coherent and synthesised architectural education and entry to architectural practice. In this, the impact and agency of communities of practice are considers in counterpoint the charismatic individual.

The paper also discusses the methods used to unearth aspects of our relationship between teacher and student, mentor and tyro, proto and mature practitioner, not as a set of dualities but as spectrum where the individual’s position, behaviours and dependences shift and change over time as they continue on a bespoke trajectory, more often a series of loops and knots than a straight line.
Provincial and Outdated?
Authors: Ellefsen Karl Otto
Published: May 2021

What happens to a school when education is an international commodity and teachers are recruited globally? Bringing in their own luggage and agendas and asking, “Why not do something else?” The school does not fall apart. Modern management keeps it running smoothly. In terms of educational institutions, a good reputation seems to sustain. Elaborated strategies define potential new roles for the school in the world. Does culture beat strategy, is there a ghost in the machine that cannot be removed? Or is the school transforming into something found anywhere in the world, and mostly mediocre? A few years ago, a known figure in the EAAE system stated that: “There is no such thing as a global curriculum in architecture”, believing that schools gave priority to and took care of their own identities. Was this a false statement? Discussing the relationship between school and society, is the concept of belonging still valid and possible to pursue? If so, what measures are relevant?
Analisis Kompetensi Profesional Guru dalam Meningkatkan Keefektifan Belajar Selama Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Lubis Rahmat Rifai , Ramli Muhammad , Siregar Juhriah , Panjaitan Ratna Wati
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze the professional competence of teachers in improving the effectiveness of learning during distance learning at MTs Al-Jihad. The approach used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. Data collection used by researchers is by interviewing the teacher, and documentation in the form of print out teaching materials compiled by the teacher. Then the data were analyzed through data presentation techniques and drawing conclusions. Test the validity of the data using tringulation and methods. The results of the study indicate that a teacher must be professional, professional, in this case the teacher's ability to plan learning, the learning process, and the teacher's ability to use learning media. As for the preparation of teachers at MTs Al-Jihad, namely by preparing print out material to be read and understood by students, then the learning process carried out at MTs Al-Jihad is by distance learning according to government recommendations, the teacher works on the material and uploads it on E -learningg, as for the learning media used by teachers at MTs Al-Jihad, namely utilizing internet media, in the form of what apps, e-learning, videos, and interesting pictures, because a teacher should be able to make the media as creative as possible so that students are interested in learning
Historisitas dan Dinamika Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Kasron
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze the historicity and dynamics of Islamic education institutions in Indonesia starting from the classical period, colonialism period, and pre- and post-independence periods. This research uses library research method. Data analysis using analytical descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study show that Islamic education in Indonesia is the same age as the existence of Islam in the archipelago. Broadly speaking, the history of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia can be divided into three periods. First, the classical period of the 13th - 16th century, namely since the entry of Islam in Indonesia, the establishment of the Islamic empire, the era of the Islamic empire until the entry of colonizers into Indonesia. Several institutions during this period were mosques, Islamic boarding schools, menasah, rangkang and dayah, surau. Second, the colonial period until the independence period (1600 - 1945). At this time it was divided into two, namely during the Dutch colonial period, there were several institutions namely Elementary Education, Latin Schools, Seminarium Theologicum, Academie der Marine, Chinese Schools. During the Japanese occupation there were several institutions, namely Basic Education (Kokumin Gakko), Advanced Education, consisting of Shoto Chu Gakko, Vocational Education, Higher Education. Third, the period of the independence era (1945-present). There are several institutions, namely pesantren, madrasah, schools, PTKI.
Characteristics of the return in professional women’s tennis on clay courts
Authors: Martínez-Gallego Rafael , Giner Arnau
Published: May 2021

The number of studies related to notational analysis of the serve has grown in recent years, and this latest research has suggested that: players win more with the serve at younger age groups; with males, there is more variation in direction and more points are won on the forehand than the backhand return; and, women return closer to the net with a flatter trajectory than male counterparts. Despite advances in research there is still little on female tennis, especially on clay courts. In this study, 795 points of female matches at the BBVA Open Valencia 2017 ITF event were analysed. On the first serve, on the left, players use mainly backhands and hit crosscourt, whereas on the right, there were no significant differences in forehands and backhands hit, and there was more variation in direction. On the second serve, on the left, players still mainly used backhands but hit more shots down the line; whereas on the right, players hit mainly inside-out forehands and there were no differences in the direction hit.
Developing shoulder-over-shoulder rotation in the serve
Authors: Longo Elson , Peres Rodrigues Lucas
Published: May 2021

Currently, high-level players have the tendency to perform serves with a strong vertical predominance. However, when looking at the basic technique of the execution of the serve, we notice that the movement is oriented horizontally forwards, with strong presence of trunk rotation in the longitudinal axis (twist). A crucial step in the development of the service is the transition from horizontal (twist) movement to the vertical. the objective of this article is to suggest exercises that help the transition from basic to more vertical mechanics.
requiem pelas músicas que perdemos.
Authors: Guerra Paula , Oliveira Ana , Sousa Sofia
Published: May 2021

Em Portugal o trabalho criativo em torno da popular music não tem sido objeto de um investimento científico atualizado. E essa situação é premente no que tange aos constrangimentos que o trespassam e se acentuaram na pandemia. Partindo de entrevistas semiestruturadas, este artigo propõe-se mapear as desigualdades e os impactos da COVID-19 no trabalho criativo de 40 músicos portugueses – fruto de uma investigação transnacional em curso, que envolve Portugal, o Reino Unido e a Austrália. Na generalidade, as pesquisas têm revelado um paradoxo inelutável face ao trabalho criativo musical: se, por um lado, esse mercado de trabalho apresenta abertura cultural, dinamismo e cosmopolitismo, por outro, revela padrões de desigualdade em termos de género, precariedade de vínculos, informalidade contratual, atipicidade de tarefas, flexibilidade de papéis (SIMON & THWAITES, 2018; THREADGOLD, 2018). Estes padrões de desigualdade foram severamente acentuados pela pandemia. Importa, por isso, compreender os impactos da COVID-19 nos processos de produção musical dos jovens músicos portugueses situados no espectro diverso e pluriforme da popular music. Por todo o mundo, os governos impuseram restrições à vida social, de modo a controlar a propagação da COVID-19, de acordo com retóricas de ‘aplanar a curva’. Diferentes tipos de restrições foram adotados, passando por vários graus de distanciamento e isolamento social, proibição ou restrição de ajuntamentos sociais, viagens, atividades de lazer e desportivas, e mesmo da ida à escola ou ao trabalho. O impacto destes tipos de controlo e medidas de emergência na liberdade individual e na democracia, ainda por apurar, deverá continuar. Muitas medidas terão de se manter a longo prazo, algumas mesmo tornando-se parte do ‘novo normal’ para estes músicos, levando a reequacionar conceitos chave, como, risco, medo, pânico, crise e confiança.
Quốc học Việt đương đại: nhận thức tiến trình phát triển và nhiệm vụ phía trước
Authors: Đặng Quốc Bảo , Phạm Minh Giản , Nguyễn Chí Gót
Published: May 2021

Giáo dục Việt Nam trải qua năm thời kỳ từ thời Văn Lang - Âu Lạc, tiếp biến văn hoá Hán, thời Việt Nho, tiếp biến văn hoá Pháp và thời hiện đại; trong đó giáo dục thời kỳ Việt Nho và giáo dục thời hiện đại đã tạo nên nền Quốc học Việt đương đại. Bài viết đề cập ba lần đổi mới/cải cách giáo dục của Việt Nam; tiến trình phát triển của quốc học Việt đương đại và nhiệm vụ của các nhà trường ở mỗi cộng đồng.
Biến đổi nghi lễ tôn giáo tại các cơ sở thờ tự của đạo Tứ Ân Hiếu Nghĩa ở huyện Tri Tôn, tỉnh An Giang
Authors: Nguyễn Phong Vũ
Published: May 2021

Đạo Tứ Ân Hiếu Nghĩa là một tôn giáo bản địa đã “bén duyên” với vùng đất Tri Tôn (An Giang) phát triển và tồn tại hơn trăm năm nay. Nơi đây được xem là thánh địa của Đạo với một lượng tín đồ lớn , có nhiều cơ sở thờ tự và là trụ sở chính diễn ra nhiều hoạt động tôn giáo. Hàng tháng đều có tổ chức “lễ cúng”. Có đến 23 lễ lớn (kỷ niệm ngày sinh/ngày mất của Đức Bổn Sư, kỷ niệm ngày khai sáng mối Đạo, vía Phật Trùm, Trai Đàn…) diễn ra tại chùa, lễ Kỳ Yên và Lạp Miếu tại đình, lễ Cầu An tại miếu, lễ Chánh Đán và Đoan Ngũ tại Tam Bửu gia... Việc thực hành nghi thức tôn giáo của Đạo qua các lễ cúng vừa thể hiện được niềm tin tôn giáo, vừa làm nổi bật giá trị tinh thần trong đời sống tôn giáo của tín đồ. Nhưng ngày nay, dưới tác động của yếu tố thời đại, chúng đã và đang có những biến đổi nhất định. Bài viết này, trước tiên, giới thiệu về hoạt động nghi lễ tôn giáo tại các cơ sở thờ tự của đạo; tiếp theo là nêu ra những biến đổi và nguyên nhân của sự biến đổi trong việc thực hành nghi lễ tôn giáo; qua đó góp phần cập nhật thêm thông tin kiến thức về tôn giáo ở An Giang.
Tolerance in political ideology of Ho Chi Minh and its present value
Authors: Do Duy Tu
Published: May 2021

During the process of leading the war for national independence and progress to socialism, Ho Chi Minh inevitably became a political strategist, who united the whole nation, built and constructed the country. As an authentic humanist, Ho Chi Minh's humanist ideology permeates in all his ideologies, including political ideology and creates deep tolerance in Ho Chi Minh's political ideology. Understanding the spirit of tolerance in Ho Chi Minh's political ideology will help to deepen the understanding of his noble personality and draw profound lessons about the cause of political innovation and international integration in the current stage.
INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ND: YAG - LASER AND STANDARD ENDODONTIC TREATMENT
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria., Gueorgieva Tzvetelina G. , Gergova Raina T. ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The microbial infection is one of the main causes of the dental pulp and periodontal diseases. Previously used methods for its elimination are not fully effective, and often some microorganisms in root canals (RC) remain unaffected after treatment. Another modern method for disinfection of root canal system is laser disinfection. Different types of lasers are used - Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, Diode laser. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to compare the antibacterial activity of ND: YAG laser and conventional endodontic therapy in the treatment of infected root canals. Materials and methods The study involved 36 teeth of patients diagnosed with pulp gangrene or chronic periapical periodontitis, requiring endodontic treatment. They were divided into two groups of 18 teeth each one. The teeth in both groups are prepared by Protaper Universal rotary instruments (Maillefer Instruments SA, Ballaigues, Switzerland). In group 1the root canals disinfection is performed with a Nd: YAG laser (source of Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm) is the AT Fidelis - Fotona d.d., Ljubljana laser system). In group 2 was used the following protocol of root canal disinfection: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and 17% EDTA divided by irrigation with distilled water. Then a sterile paper point is placed in the root canals, and a microbiological sample is taken again. Results: In all compared pairs, there was no significantly different effect regarding the number of microorganisms. Conclusions: The disinfection rinsing method with NaOCl has the strongest antimicrobial effect in clinical studies (90% against all microbial isolates). The use of Nd: YAG laser independently is not always sufficient for root canal disinfection - the effect is about 66%.
Deaths in custody in Australia 2018-19
Authors: Doherty Laura , Bricknell Samantha
Published: May 2021

The National Deaths in Custody Program (NDICP) has monitored the extent and nature of deaths occurring in prison, police custody and youth detention in Australia since 1980. The Australian Institute of Criminology has coordinated the NDICP since its establishment in 1992, the result of a recommendation made by the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody the previous year. This report contains detailed information on the 113 deaths in custody in 2018–19—89 in prison custody and 24 in police custody or custody-related operations—and compares these findings to longer term trends.
Efecto híbrido en la demanda del profesional publicitario: un reto ante la transformación digital en la publicidad
Authors: Álvarez-Flores Erika P. , Núñez-Gómez Patricia
Published: May 2021

La rápida evolución de la comunicación y de la interrelación social afecta la situación sociolaboral y hace que los escenarios del mercado profesional se modifiquen constantemente. La convergencia de los medios de comunicación e internet ha creado otras condiciones para la transmisión de información y mensajes que inciden en la industria publicitaria. Esta transformación del ecosistema digital, donde el consumidor interactúa a través de varios medios y canales, plantea una modificación de las demandas de empleo que conlleva la interrelación entre perfiles. A través de una revisión de la literatura existente, el análisis de ofertas de trabajo y el contraste con entrevistas a nueve expertos en Comunicación Comercial, se explora el efecto de hibridación de perfiles profesionales para graduados en Publicidad, ante los requerimientos de la industria de la comunicación comercial en España. El diagnóstico posibilita un mayor entendimiento de los perfiles híbridos en auge en el ámbito laboral publicitario, cuyo fin es mejorar la experiencia del consumidor ante el marcado vínculo con lo digital.
Screenwriting: Between Art and Craft
Authors: Cattrysse Patrick
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the teaching of screenwriting and storytelling in terms of art and craft. It argues that since Romanticism established itself in the 19th century as the dominant Western view on art and culture, it has driven a wedge between people’s notions of art and craft, promoting the former and demoting the latter. This rift has impeded the teaching of screenwriting and storytelling in general. Following this, art historians and sociologists of art have suggested developing a “third system of art,” one that reintegrates the artist and the artisan, the art and craft-based values. This essay develops the basic tenets of a “technical approach” to the teaching of screenwriting. This technical approach sits in-between a Romantically biased “free-wheeling” approach and a mechanistic, “rule-based” approach. It is argued that a technical approach to screenwriting or storytelling could help materialize such a “third system of art” and benefit the practice, teaching, and study of screenwriting and storytelling.
Morphosyntax of specific and non-specific indefinite markers
Authors: Dekier Jakub
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a nanosyntactic analysis of non-specific, specific unknown and specific known indefinite markers, as identified in Haspelmath (1997). The cross-linguistic analysis of syncretism between these three types of indefinite markers reveals that they form a particular hierarchy of structural containment, non-specific < specific unknown < specific known. Using the methodological tools of the nanosyntactic framework (Caha 2009; Starke 2009, 2011), it is possible to propose a syntactic model explaining the derivation of non-specific, specific unknown and specific known indefinite markers and the attested patterns of syncretism observed cross-linguistically in paradigms of the three types of markers. In consequence, the analysis shows that the analyzed indefinite markers constitute a syntactic domain which conforms to the *ABA generalization (Bobaljik 2012).
Clinical outcomes and lipid-laden macrophages in Electronic cigarette/Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) in a South Texas population
Authors: Mir Mahnoor , Beg Moeezullah , Peters Jay I. , Adams Sandra G.
Published: May 2021

Objective: To describe the clinical features, proportion of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and short-term and 6-month to 12-month outcomes of patients with Electronic cigarette/Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI).Methods: Retrospective review of clinical characteristics, radiographs, and BAL samples for all patients with a history of vaping who presented with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure to the University Hospital in San Antonio, Texas from 9/2019 to 6/2020 was performed.Results: We report 16 cases (15 men; median age, 30 years [range 19-75]) of EVALI with a history of vaping Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), nicotine, or both. The most common presenting symptoms were tachycardia, dyspnea, cough, and fever. All patients required supplemental oxygen, including two who required noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and five who required mechanical ventilation. All 16 patients had bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO) with peripheral sparing on chest computerizedtomography (CT). Cultures were negative, except for one patient who tested positive for rhinovirus. COVID-19 PCR was done in one individual which was negative. Cytology demonstrated lipid-laden macrophages on Oil-Red-O stain on fresh (i.e., without fixative) BAL in the majority of patients (N = 12) with a mean lipid-saturation percentage of 78% [range, 44%-100%] and the mean Colombo count of 194 [range, 101-359]. Fifteen patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids. The median length of hospital stay was 10 days. At discharge, three patients required supplemental oxygen. Eight of those who had follow-up imaging showed resolution of GGO. One patient had a relapse of symptoms and was again treated with systemic corticosteroids and mycophenolate, with resolution of symptoms. Fourteen patients who were evaluated after discharge denied vaping post-discharge (two patients were not able to be contacted and did not keep follow-up appointments).Conclusions: Successful diagnosis and management of EVALI requires a high clinical suspicion, thorough evaluation to rule out infectious etiologies, and aggressive treatment with systemic corticosteroids, along with sustained abstinence from vaping.
Immediate Weight Bearing of Plated Both-Bone Forearm Fractures Using Eight Cortices Proximal and Distal to the Fracture in the Polytrauma Patient Is Safe
Authors: Marchand Lucas S. , Horton Steven , Mullike Alexandra , Goel Ritu , Krum Nicole , Ochenjele George , O'Hara Nathan , O'Toole Robert V. , Eglseder W. Andrew , Pensy Raymond
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Rehabilitation of trauma patients is facilitated by surgical stabilization permitting weight bearing (WB) of the fractured extremity. Both-bone forearm fracture (BBFx) plate osteosynthesis is an accepted technique with high union and low complication rates; yet, postoperative WB protocols have not been adequately investigated. There exists concern for increased complications in plated BBFx fractures for patients prescribed immediate WB. We hypothesized that immediate WB of surgically treated BBFxs results in acceptable rates of complications.

Methods:

Patients presenting to a Level-1 trauma center from 2007 to 2016 with a BBFx were identified retrospectively. Patients were skeletally mature, surgically treated with prescribed immediate WB protocol, and followed for 6 months or to fracture union. Collected data included demographics, fracture characteristics, associated injuries, and WB protocols for all extremities. Complications recorded included nonunion, hardware failure, and infection. Standard statistical comparisons were used to evaluate the risk of complication in polytrauma patients with modified lower extremity WB protocols (polytrauma group) and patients with no lower extremity WB restrictions (isolated group).

Results:

Two hundred thirteen patients were included with 75 (35%) females and 138 (65%) males. Mean age was 40 years and mean follow-up was 46 weeks. There were 142 (67%) patients in the poly-trauma and 71 (33%) patients in the isolated groups. In the poly-trauma group 21 (10%) patients had bilateral lower extremity WB restrictions. There were 11 (6%) complications noted: 2 non-unions, 4 hardware failures, and 5 infections. Demographics did not vary between the two groups. There was no difference in complications in the isolated (5.7%) versus poly-trauma groups (5.0%) (P = 0.75).

Conclusion:

Immediate WB rehabilitation after BBFx plate osteosynthesis seems to be safe and associated with low nonunion and complication rates. Our results demonstrate that polytrauma patients using ambulatory aids for lower extremity injuries can immediately WB without increased risk compared with isolated BBFx patients.
Zajímavé nálezy teplomilných plžů v Karlovarském kraji (nejzápadnější Čechy) [Interesting records of thermophilic snails in the Karlovy Vary Region (westernmost Bohemia)]
Authors: Dvořák Libor
Published: May 2021

Several xeric sites in the Karlovy Vary Region, mainly along railways, were surveyed for thermophilic snails of open habitats in 2019 and 2020. Two localities of Euomphalia strigella (Draparnaud, 1801), 13 localities of Monacha cartusiana (O. F. Müller, 1774) and two localities of Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828) were found. These three species are all new for the region. The locality of Tři Sekery (665 m a.s.l.) represents the altitudinal maximum of M. cartusiana in Czechia. Although the two sites with Xerolenta obvia were secondary; relatively high densities may suggest that these populations were established in this regions some time ago.
Gendering transitional justice processes in Africa: a feminist advocacy approach to truth commissions
Authors: Opongo Elias O.
Published: May 2021

Highlighting the place and role of women in transitional justice processes draws attention to two main aspects: the need for a holistic approach to transitional justice processes, and paying attention to the sensitive nature of gender-based violence in the whole cycle of truth commissions from articulation of the mandate of the commission, composition of the commissioners, categorisation of crimes, to the writing and implementation of the final report. A feminist advocacy approach to transitional justice is framed under a critical feminist strategy that draws attention to diverse forms of human rights violations against women in situations of conflict; structures of exclusion of women�s concerns; the agency and presence of women in truth commission processes. Hence, discourse on gendering transitional justice processes has recently emerged, especially given that women have been targeted in conflict situations, giving rise to sexual and gender-based violence, and indiscriminate killing of women despite their non-combatant role. This article discusses the extent of marginalisation of cases of women�s gross human rights violations in truth commission processes, while acknowledging positive attempts made so far, through critical feminism, to include women�s concerns in these processes.
E O OSCAR VAI PARA: A CATEGORIA DE MELHOR FILME
Authors: Garcia Lucas Jorge , Caram Nirave Reigota
Published: May 2021

O artigo apresenta um estudo a cerca do evento hollywoodiano Oscar, que anualmente realiza uma cerimônia de premiação para diversas categorias relacionadas ao contexto cinematográfico, especialmente a categoria de “melhor filme” que evidencia a indicação dos filmes favoritos ao prêmio. O objetivo tende a compreender a dinâmica e indicação para a categoria de melhor filme, percorrendo as características e causalidade para determinar o melhor filme do ano. Através de uma pesquisa exploratória possibilita conhecer a estrutura do Oscar e o sistema de votação da Academia de Artes e Ciências Cinematográficas, bem como estudar o método comparativo de Durkheim (2007) aplicado às críticas dos filmes vencedores (Hamlet, Titanic e Moonlight) para chegar ao resultado que sugerem que as obras cinematográficas possuem variáveis comparativas de causalidade, estrutura técnica da linguagem audiovisual e sentido cênico discursivo. Assim, o artigo considera que estes elementos comparados, presentes nas obras analisadas, sofrem influência do sistema e da opinião dos membros da Academia, que muitas vezes traz subjetividade nas indicações.Palavras-chave:
CORDEL BRASILEIRO: MATERIALIDADES DA VOZ E DO CORPO EM PERFORMANCE
Authors: Carvalho Fonseca Maria Gislene
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho é uma reflexão teórica sobre os traços de oralidade que caracterizam a poesia de cordel, suas narrativas e performances. Esta discussão está apoiada em Ong (1990), sobre oralidade, e Zumthor (2014) em torno da ideia de performance. Ambos nos conduzem à ideia da co-presença de Gumbrecht (2010), trabalhada aqui no caso dos improvisos poéticos. Percebemos que a poesia de cordel transcende os suportes e se manifesta como uma textualidade, cujas definições – abertas – estão situadas nos processos das memórias, tradições e das relações que emergem no texto em ação.
A New Technique for Testing a Sailing Yacht in Waves
Authors: Kapsenberg G. K.
Published: May 2021

A new experimental technique is presented to test sailing yachts in waves. The method is suitable for the investigation of ship motions in all six degrees of freedom and added resistance for the close hauled condition. Measurements can be made both in regular waves and in irregular seas. The technique has been tried out on a model of a 12-Meter class yacht and showed a resistance increase for the yacht sailing to windward in a wind generated sea of 90% of the calm water resistance.
Latent Transition Analysis of the Work-Family Balance of Working Mothers with a Child in Elementary School: Focus on the Effect of Antecedents on both Work-Family Balance Typology and Transition between Typologies
Authors: Hong Yea-Ji
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study was to apply latent transition analysis to the work-family balance of working mothers with a child in elementary school by focusing on the effect of antecedents on both work-family balance typology and the transition between typologies. Data from 400 working mothers who participated in the eighth and eleventh waves of the Panel Study on Korean Children were used. The results can be summarized as follows. First, the latent profile analysis of working mothers whose children were in the first grade classified the work-family balance types as ‘contradictory’ or ‘beneficial’ and of working mothers whose children were in the fourth grade as ‘conflictual’, ‘contradictory’, ‘high beneficial’, ‘low beneficial’ or ‘beneficial’. Second, working mothers whose work-family balance was ‘contradictory’ or ‘beneficial’ when their children were in the first grade mostly had, respectively, a ‘low beneficial’ or a ‘high beneficial’ balance when their children were in the fourth grade. Third, the probability of being classified into each type differed according to subjective happiness and marital conflict in the first grade, and marital conflict and social support in the fourth grade. Moreover, marital conflict and social support were significant in the transition between the types of work-family balance. The study showed that the types of work-family balance differed for each time point for individual working mothers. The study also highlighted the importance of parenting-related personal, family and social factors in determining the work-family balance type and transition between types.
Effects of Sensory Interventions on Fatigue in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohebbirad Mohammad , Motaharinezhad Fatemeh , Shahsavary Mohammad , Joveini Ghodsiyeh
Published: May 2021

Background:

Fatigue is 1 of the most common and annoying symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensory interventions on fatigue in people with MS based on a systematic review of sensory evidence.

Methods:

The Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2020. Studies with nonpharmacologic sensory interventions as a main or secondary intervention according to the assessment of fatigue as the primary or secondary therapy outcome in patients with MS were included.

Results:

Nine articles were reviewed by examining the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four types of interventions were related to exercises, including sensory integration exercises, vestibular rehabilitation, Frenkel exercises, and exercises with or without vibration; and 2 types were performed using robots and 1 type using vibration only. Vestibular rehabilitation therapies, exercise-based sensory integration interventions, and the use of vibration have shown significant effects in relieving fatigue in patients with MS.

Conclusions:

The evidence in this study is insufficient to show a dramatic effect of sensory integration therapy in various forms. However, despite the studies, sensory integration therapy can be considered a potential treatment for fatigue in patients with MS. Further studies with stronger methods are needed to make this treatment a reality.
Midbrain dopaminergic inputs gate amygdala intercalated cell clusters by distinct and cooperative mechanisms in male mice
Authors: Aksoy-Aksel Ayla , Gall Andrea , Seewald Anna , Ferraguti Francesco , Ehrlich Ingrid
Published: May 2021

Dopaminergic signaling plays an important role in associative learning, including fear and extinction learning. Dopaminergic midbrain neurons encode prediction error-like signals when threats differ from expectations. Within the amygdala, GABAergic intercalated cell (ITC) clusters receive one of the densest dopaminergic projections, but their physiological consequences are incompletely understood. ITCs are important for fear extinction, a function thought to be supported by activation of ventromedial ITCs that inhibit central amygdala fear output. In mice, we reveal two distinct novel mechanisms by which mesencephalic dopaminergic afferents control ITCs. Firstly, they co-release GABA to mediate rapid, direct inhibition. Secondly, dopamine suppresses inhibitory interactions between distinct ITC clusters via presynaptic D1 receptors. Early extinction training augments both GABA co-release onto dorsomedial ITCs and dopamine-mediated suppression of dorso- to ventromedial inhibition between ITC clusters. These findings provide novel insights into dopaminergic mechanisms shaping the activity balance between distinct ITC clusters that could support their opposing roles in fear behavior.
Design principles of the ESCRT-III Vps24-Vps2 module
Authors: Banjade Sudeep , Shah Yousuf H , Tang Shaogeng , Emr Scott D
Published: May 2021

ESCRT-III polymerization is required for all endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent events in the cell. However, the relative contributions of the eight ESCRT-III subunits differ between each process. The minimal features of ESCRT-III proteins necessary for function and the role for the multiple ESCRT-III subunits remain unclear. To identify essential features of ESCRT-III subunits, we previously studied the polymerization mechanisms of two ESCRT-III subunits Snf7 and Vps24, identifying the association of the helix-4 region of Snf7 with the helix-1 region of Vps24 (Banjade et al., 2019a). Here, we find that mutations in the helix-1 region of another ESCRT-III subunit Vps2 can functionally replace Vps24 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Engineering and genetic selections revealed the required features of both subunits. Our data allow us to propose three minimal features required for ESCRT-III function – spiral formation, lateral association of the spirals through heteropolymerization, and binding to the AAA + ATPase Vps4 for dynamic remodeling.
Perinatal development of innate immune topology
Authors: Henneke Philipp , Kierdorf Katrin , Hall Lindsay J , Sperandio Markus , Hornef Mathias
Published: May 2021

At the transition from intrauterine to postnatal life, drastic alterations are mirrored by changes in cellular immunity. These changes are in part immune cell intrinsic, originate in the replacement of fetal cells, or result from global regulatory mechanisms and adaptation to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Overall, longer developmental trajectories are intersected by events related to mother-infant separation, birth cues, acquisition of microbiota and metabolic factors. Perinatal alterations particularly affect immune niches, where structures with discrete functions meet, the intestinal mucosa, epidermis and lung. Accordingly, the following questions will be addressed in this review:

How does the preprogrammed development supported by endogenous cues, steer innate immune cell differentiation, adaptation to tissue structures, and immunity to infection?

How does the transition at birth impact on tissue immune make-up including its topology?

How do postnatal cues guide innate immune cell differentiation and function at immunological niches?
Comparing the phosphorus use efficiency of pre-treated (organically) rock phosphate with soluble P fertilizers in maize under calcareous soils
Authors: Mussarat Maria , Ali Hazrat , Muhammad Dost , Ahmad Mian Ishaq , Khan Shadman , Adnan Muhammad , Fahad Shah , Wahid Fazli , Dawar Khadim , Ali Shamsher , Zia Afia , Ahmad Manzoor , Khan Sowm , Ali Shah Wajid , Romman Muhammad , Parvez Rainaz , H. Siddiqui Manzer , Khan Abid , Wang Depeng , Jiang Xue
Published: May 2021

In calcareous soils, phosphorus (P) availability to plant is impaired due to the formation of insoluble complexes with calcium and magnesium. Therefore, this study was executed to compare the P use efficiency (PUE) of four different P sources [rock phosphate (RP), acidulated rock phosphate (ARP), single super phosphate (SSP) and di ammonium phosphate (DAP)] alone or pre-treated with organic amendments (farm yard manure (FYM) enriched compost, simple compost and humic acid (HA)) along with control in maize crop under calcareous soils. All treatments irrespective of P sources received 90 kg P2O5ha−1. Phosphorus application regardless of its sources and combination with organic amendments significantly improved maize growth, yield as well as P uptake and PUE. Rock phosphate when applied alone was recorded inferior but its performance significantly improved with compost or its pre-addition with FYM and HA, that further enhanced upon acidulation. Maize grain yield increased by 21, 22.2, 67.9 and 94% with RP, ARP, ARP enriched compost and ARP+ compost respectively, over control. Similarly, PUE of DAP improved from 31.7 to 43.1 and 39 with sample and enriched compost correspondingly. Post-harvest soil and grain P were at par for SSP, ARP and DAP alone or in conjugation with organic amendments when averaged across the amendments. These results suggested that pretreatment of P sources with organic amendments is an economical and more feasible approach to improve maize yield and PUE. Moreover, on-farm acidulation of RP may give at par results with SSP and DAP with cheaper rate and hence recommended for P management in maize in alkaline calcareous soils.
Constraints Faced and Suggestions Received by Self Help Group Members of Akola District, Maharashtra
Authors: Shilpa Bolleboina , Bhople P. P. , Sainath Banda
Published: May 2021

Self Help Groups (SHGs) emerged as a key programming strategy in India for most of the women development activities starting with the NABARD led pilot project in 1992 that aimed at promoting and financing 500 SHGs across the country; the SHG – Bank Linkage programme has come a long way. However, given the SHG approach's positive outcomes, there are many problems and constraints that conflict with the SHGs. The present study was carried out in Akola district of Maharashtra state of India during the year 2018-19 with a sample size of 120 to define the constraints faced and suggestions offered by the members of SHGs. The Major constraints faced were lack of credit availability at low rates of interest, its adequacy and timely access followed by difficulty in managing time to spare for SHG activities from everyday household activities and non Cooperation of family members. Among the suggestions offered majority of the members offered women beneficiaries should be provided with adequate financing and subsidies, more income generating skills training should be organized for the members.