bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administration of mucuna beans (Mucuna pruriences (L.) DC. var. utilis) improves cognition and neuropathology of 3 × Tg-AD mice
Authors: Konishi Fumiko , Furusho Tadasu , Soeda Yoshiyuki , Yamauchi Jun , Kobayashi Shoko , Ito Masatoshi , Araki Takuma , Kogure Sarasa , Takashima Akihiko , Takekoshi Susumu
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) resulting in senile plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein resulting in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Mucuna beans (Mucuna pruriences (L.) DC. var. utilis) are unique plants containing 3–9% L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). Here we investigated the effect of the administration of Mucuna beans on AD prevention by feeding triple-transgenic mice (3 × Tg-AD mice) with a diet containing Mucuna beans for 13 months. The levels of Aβ oligomers and detergent-insoluble phosphorylated tau decreased in the brain of mice fed with Mucuna beans (Mucuna group) compared to those of the Control group. Aβ accumulation and phosphorylated tau accumulation in the brain in the Mucuna group were also reduced. In addition, administration of Mucuna beans improved cognitive function. These results suggest that administration of Mucuna beans may have a preventive effect on AD development in 3 × Tg-AD mice.
Age-period-cohort analysis of the incidence of multiple sclerosis over twenty years in Lorraine, France
Authors: Gbaguidi Brigitte , Guillemin Francis , Soudant Marc , Debouverie Marc , Mathey Guillaume , Epstein Jonathan
Published: January 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. An increase in MS incidence over time is reported in several regions of the world. We aimed to describe the evolution of the annual MS incidence in the Lorraine region, France, from 1996 to 2015 and to analyze potential components of a possible change by a temporal effect of age at MS onset, MS onset period, and birth cohort, overall and for each sex. Cases were identified from ReLSEP, a population-based registry of MS cases living in Lorraine, northeastern France, with MS onset between 1996 and 2015. Age-period-cohort modeling was used to describe trends in MS incidence. Annual age- and sex-standardized incidences were relatively stable: 6.76/100 000 population (95%CI [5.76–7.91]) in 1996 and 6.78/100 000 (95%CI [5.72–7.97]) in 2015. The incidence ratio between women and men was 2.4. For all time periods, the peak incidence occurred between ages 25 and 35 years. Age-period–adjusted cohort and age-cohort–adjusted period analyses did not reveal a period or cohort effect. The incidence of MS remained stable over the study period in Lorraine, and we could not identify any particular effect of disease onset period or birth period on this evolution.
Physically unclonable functions taggant for universal steganographic prints
Authors: Fukuoka Takao , Mori Yasushige , Yasunaga Toshiya , Namura Kyoko , Suzuki Motofumi , Yamaguchi Akinobu
Published: January 2022

Counterfeiting of financial cards and marketable securities is a major social problem globally. Electronic identification and image recognition are common anti-counterfeiting techniques, yet they can be overcome by understanding the corresponding algorithms and analysis methods. The present work describes a physically unclonable functions taggant, in an aqueous-soluble ink, based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering of discrete self-assemblies of Au nanoparticles. Using this stealth nanobeacon, we detected a fingerprint-type Raman spectroscopy signal that we clearly identified even on a business card with a pigment mask such as copper-phthalocyanine printed on it. Accordingly, we have overcome the reverse engineering problem that is otherwise inherent to analogous anti-counterfeiting techniques. One can readily tailor the ink to various information needs and application requirements. Our stealth nanobeacon printing will be particularly useful for steganography and provide a sensitive fingerprint for anti-counterfeiting.
Exploiting time series of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 to detect grassland mowing events using deep learning with reject region
Authors: Komisarenko Viacheslav , Voormansik Kaupo , Elshawi Radwa , Sakr Sherif
Published: January 2022

Governments pay agencies to control the activities of farmers who receive governmental support. Field visits are costly and highly time-consuming; hence remote sensing is widely used for monitoring farmers’ activities. Nowadays, a vast amount of available data from the Sentinel mission significantly boosted research in agriculture. Estonia is among the first countries to take advantage of this data source to automate mowing and ploughing events detection across the country. Although techniques that rely on optical data for monitoring agriculture events are favourable, the availability of such data during the growing season is limited. Thus, alternative data sources have to be evaluated. In this paper, we developed a deep learning model with an integrated reject option for detecting grassland mowing events using time series of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 optical images acquired from 2000 fields in Estonia in 2018 during the vegetative season. The rejection mechanism is based on a threshold over the prediction confidence of the proposed model. The proposed model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art technique and achieves event accuracy of 73.3% and end of season accuracy of 94.8%.
Diagnosis of early mild cognitive impairment using a multiobjective optimization algorithm based on T1-MRI data
Authors: Zamani Jafar , Sadr Ali , Javadi Amir-Homayoun
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. The accurate diagnosis of AD, especially in the early phases is very important for timely intervention. It has been suggested that brain atrophy, as measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), can be an efficacy marker of neurodegeneration. While classification methods have been successful in diagnosis of AD, the performance of such methods have been very poor in diagnosis of those in early stages of mild cognitive impairment (EMCI). Therefore, in this study we investigated whether optimisation based on evolutionary algorithms (EA) can be an effective tool in diagnosis of EMCI as compared to cognitively normal participants (CNs). Structural MRI data for patients with EMCI (n = 54) and CN participants (n = 56) was extracted from Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Using three automatic brain segmentation methods, we extracted volumetric parameters as input to the optimisation algorithms. Our method achieved classification accuracy of greater than 93%. This accuracy level is higher than the previously suggested methods of classification of CN and EMCI using a single- or multiple modalities of imaging data. Our results show that with an effective optimisation method, a single modality of biomarkers can be enough to achieve a high classification accuracy.
A panel of emerging EMT genes identified in malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Wu Licun , Amjad Shaheer , Yun Hana , Mani Sendurai , de Perrot Marc
Published: January 2022

Malignant mesothelioma (MESO) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process in malignancies involved in tumor angiogenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis, immunosuppressive microenvironment and therapy resistance. However, there is a lack of specific biomarkers to identify EMT in MESO. Biphasic MESO with dual phenotypes could be an optimal model to study EMT process. Using a powerful EMTome to investigate EMT gene signature, we identified a panel of EMT genes COL5A2, ITGAV, SPARC and ACTA2 in MESO. In combination with TCGA database, Timer2.0 and other resources, we observed that overexpression of these emerging genes is positively correlated with immunosuppressive infiltration, and an unfavorable factor to patient survival in MESO. The expression of these genes was confirmed in our patients and human cell lines. Our findings suggest that these genes may be novel targets for therapeutics and prognosis in MESO and other types of cancers.
Evolution of the bovid cranium: morphological diversification under allometric constraint
Authors: Bibi Faysal , Tyler Joshua
Published: January 2022

The role of environmental selection in generating novel morphology is often taken for granted, and morphology is generally assumed to be adaptive. Bovids (antelopes and relatives) are widely differentiated in their dietary and climatic preferences, and presumably their cranial morphologies are the result of adaptation to different environmental pressures. In order to test these ideas, we performed 3D geometric morphometric analyses on 141 crania representing 96 bovid species in order to assess the influence of both extrinsic (e.g. diet, habitat) and intrinsic (size, modularity) factors on cranial shape. Surprisingly, we find that bovid crania are highly clumped in morphospace, with a large number of ecologically disparate species occupying a very similar range of morphology clustered around the mean shape. Differences in shape among dietary, habitat, and net primary productivity categories are largely non-significant, but we found a strong interaction between size and diet in explaining shape. We furthermore found no evidence for modularity having played a role in the generation of cranial differences across the bovid tree. Rather, the distribution of bovid cranial morphospace appears to be mainly the result of constraints imposed by a deeply conserved size-shape allometry, and dietary diversification the result of adaptation of existing allometric pathways.
Evolutionary alterations in gene expression and enzymatic activities of gibberellin 3-oxidase 1 in Oryza
Authors: Kawai Kyosuke , Takehara Sayaka , Kashio Toru , Morii Minami , Sugihara Akihiko , Yoshimura Hisako , Ito Aya , Hattori Masako , Toda Yosuke , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Furuumi Hiroyasu , Nonomura Ken-ichi , Mikami Bunzo , Akagi Takashi , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kitano Hidemi , Matsuoka Makoto , Ueguchi-Tanaka Miyako
Published: January 2022

Proper anther and pollen development are important for plant reproduction. The plant hormone gibberellin is important for anther development in rice, but its gametophytic functions remain largely unknown. Here, we report the functional and evolutionary analyses of rice gibberellin 3-oxidase 1 (OsGA3ox1), a gibberellin synthetic enzyme specifically expressed in the late developmental stages of anthers. Enzymatic and X-ray crystallography analyses reveal that OsGA3ox1 has a higher GA7 synthesis ratio than OsGA3ox2. In addition, we generate an osga3ox1 knockout mutant by genome editing and demonstrate the bioactive gibberellic acid synthesis by the OsGA3ox1 action during starch accumulation in pollen via invertase regulation. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of Oryza GA3ox1s and reveal that their enzyme activity and gene expression have evolved in a way that is characteristic of the Oryza genus and contribute to their male reproduction ability.
Competition and resource depletion shape the thermal response of population fitness in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Huxley Paul J. , Murray Kris A. , Pawar Samraat , Cator Lauren J.
Published: January 2022

Mathematical models that incorporate the temperature dependence of lab-measured life history traits are increasingly being used to predict how climatic warming will affect ectotherms, including disease vectors and other arthropods. These temperature-trait relationships are typically measured under laboratory conditions that ignore how conspecific competition in depleting resource environments—a commonly occurring scenario in nature—regulates natural populations. Here, we used laboratory experiments on the mosquito Aedes aegypti, combined with a stage-structured population model, to investigate this issue. We find that intensified larval competition in ecologically-realistic depleting resource environments can significantly diminish the vector’s maximal population-level fitness across the entire temperature range, cause a ~6 °C decrease in the optimal temperature for fitness, and contract its thermal niche width by ~10 °C. Our results provide evidence for the importance of considering intra-specific competition under depleting resources when predicting how arthropod populations will respond to climatic warming.
Palladium-catalyzed radical cascade cyanoalkylsulfonylation/cyclization of 3-arylethynyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carbonitriles with cyclobutanone oxime esters and DABSO
Authors: Zhou Nengneng , Xu Qiankun , Xia Ziqin , Kuang Kaimo , Wu Sixin , Li Wenping , Zhang Man
Published: January 2022

A palladium-catalyzed radical cascade cyanoalkylsulfonylation/cyclization of 3-arylethynyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carbonitriles with DABCO·(SO2)2 and cyclobutanone oxime esters via cleavage of a C–C single bond and insertion of SO2 was described.
How do electron donating substituents affect the electronic structure, molecular topology, vibrational properties and intra- and intermolecular interactions of polyhalogenated pyridines?
Authors: Benassi Enrico , Vaganova Tamara , Malykhin Evgenij , Fan Haiyan
Published: January 2022

Amino and hydroxyl groups affect intra- and intermolecular interactions of polyhalogenated pyridines depending on the position. The effects impact on IR and Raman spectra.
Recent advances in metal-mediated nitrogen oxyanion reduction using reductively borylated and silylated N-heterocycles
Authors: Beagan Daniel M. , Cabelof Alyssa C.
Published: January 2022

Silylated and borylated N-heterocycles exhibit efficacy for the reduction of nitrogen oxyanions coordinated to first row transition metals.
A Keggin-type polyoxometalate-based metal–organic complex as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of alkylbenzenes
Authors: Wang Yue , Xu Na , Zhang Yue , Zhang Tong , Zhang Zhong , Li Xiao-Hui , Wang Xiu-Li
Published: January 2022

A novel type of polyoxometalate-based metal–organic complex was successfully synthesized, which showed good catalytic activity for the oxidation of alkylbenzenes with high conversion, excellent selectivity, and rapid reaction time.
Modelling of a CH4-producing microbial electrosynthesis system for energy recovery and wastewater treatment
Authors: Li Zhuo , Fu Qian , Chen Hao , Xiao Shuai , Li Jun , Zhu Xun , Liao Qiang
Published: January 2022

Electrode kinetics, gaseous CO2 dissolution, mass transfer, and equilibrium of pH buffer and bicarbonate are considered to illustrate the bioelectrochemical behaviors of an MES.
Insights into the relationship of reactive oxygen species and anions in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes for saline organic wastewater treatment
Authors: Luo Rui , Wang Chaohai , Yao Yiyuan , Qi Junwen , Li Jiansheng
Published: January 2022

This paper reviewed the properties and relationship of reactive oxygen species and anions in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes for saline organic wastewater treatment.
Effects of antioxidants of bamboo leaves on protein digestion and transport of cooked abalone muscles
Authors: Yu Man-Man , Fan Ying-Chen , Liu Yu-Xin , Yin Fa-Wen , Li De-Yang , Liu Xiao-Yang , Zhou Da-Yong , Zhu Bei-Wei
Published: January 2022

Heat treatment caused protein oxidation in abalone muscles, which decreased protein digestibility and transport levels. The addition of AOB inhibited protein oxidation, improving protein digestibility and transport levels.
Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots with antibacterial activity and their application in Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) storage
Authors: Lin Rong , Cheng Shasha , Tan Mingqian
Published: January 2022

Antimicrobial materials prepared from natural products could provide new ways to preserve seafood and extend the shelf life.
A concise review on hPXR ligand-recognizing residues and structure-based strategies to alleviate hPXR transactivation risk
Authors: Liu Tao , Beck James P. , Hao Junliang
Published: January 2022

The human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) regulates the expression of major drug metabolizing enzymes.
Emerging doping strategies in two-dimensional hybrid perovskite semiconductors for cutting edge optoelectronics applications
Authors: Parveen Sumaiya , Giri P. K.
Published: January 2022

We present the progress in doping of 2D perovskites including synthesis strategies and their impact on structure and optoelectronic properties. Applications of doped 2D perovskites for photovoltaic, LED and other emerging applications are presented.
Highly water-soluble dimeric and trimeric lanthanide carbonates with ethylenediaminetetraacetates as precursors of catalysts for the oxidative coupling reaction of methane
Authors: Lin Rong-Yan , Shi Yan-Ru , Hou Yu-Hui , Xia Wen-Sheng , Weng Wei-Zheng , Zhou Zhao-Hui
Published: January 2022

Highly water-soluble dimeric and trimeric lanthanide carbonates with ethylenediaminetetraacetates have been obtained. Their coordination modes provide a model for the oxidative coupling of methane of lanthanide carbonates.
Successive oxidation–condensation reactions using a multifunctional gold-supported nanocomposite (Au/MgCe–HDO)
Authors: Kumar Loveneesh , Verma Nishant , Sehrawat Hitesh , Tomar Ravi , Kumar Rupesh , Chandra Ramesh
Published: January 2022

Successive oxidation–condensation reactions of substituted benzyl alcohol were carried out using a Au/MgCe–HDO nanocomposite catalyst.
Versatile thiolactone-based conjugation strategies to polymer stabilizers for multifunctional upconverting nanoparticles aqueous dispersions
Authors: Kurowska Izabela , Amouroux Baptiste , Langlais Marvin , Coutelier Olivier , Coudret Christophe , Destarac Mathias , Marty Jean-Daniel
Published: January 2022

Well-defined phosphonic acid-terminated polymers were synthesized from amine-terminated polymer precursors and a phosphonated thiolactone and were used to prepare stable, water-dispersible multifunctional upconverting luminescent nanohybrids.
A DNase-mimetic artificial enzyme for the eradication of drug-resistant bacterial biofilm infections
Authors: Hu Haolu , Kang Xiaoxia , Shan Zhenhua , Yang Xiaoxiao , Bing Wei , Wu Li , Ge Haiyan , Ji Haiwei
Published: January 2022

GO-NTA-Ce has DNase-like enzyme properties and excellent photothermal effect. The combination of photothermal treatment with chemical degradation and physical destruction can completely kill bacteria encased in biofilms.
Conformation-reconstructed multivalent antibody mimic for amplified mitigation of human islet amyloid polypeptide amyloidogenesis
Authors: Zhao Liyuan , Wang Sheng , Hu Qigang , Jia Haibo , Xin Yanru , Luo Liang , Meng Fanling
Published: January 2022

Conformation-reconstructed multivalent antibody mimic SPEPS@Au mitigates human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) amyloidogenesis at low sub-stoichiometry in vitro and in vivo.
Linker micro-regulation of a Hofmann-based metal–organic framework for efficient propylene/propane separation
Authors: Liu Puxu , Chen Kaiming , Chen Yang , Wang Xiaoqing , Yang Jiangfeng , Li Libo , Li Jinping
Published: January 2022

A highly stable Hofmann-based metal−organic framework has been purposely synthesized for efficient C3H6/C3H8 separation through the linker modification strategy using direct mixing method under ambient conditions.
Rhodium-catalyzed dearomative rearrangement of 2-oxypyridines with cyclopropenes: access to N-alkylated 2-pyridones
Authors: Cui Honglian , Xu Guangyang , Zhu Jie , Sun Jiangtao
Published: January 2022

A novel rhodium-catalyzed dearomative rearrangement of oxo-pyridine derivatives has been realized, providing an efficient and reliable protocol for the synthesis of N-alkylated pyridones.
Rh(iii)-Catalyzed [5 + 1] annulation of 2-alkenylanilides and 2-alkenylphenols with allenyl acetates
Authors: Singh Anurag , Shukla Rahul K. , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: January 2022

A highly regioselective Rh(iii)-catalyzed non-oxidative [5 + 1] vinylic C–H annulation of 2-alkenylanilides and 2-alkenylphenols with allenyl acetates was described for accessing dihyroquinoline and chromene derivatives.
Synergistic effect of multi-electron conversion and anion redox media chemistry for high-performance rechargeable aqueous Zn ion batteries
Authors: Liu Nannan , Wu Xian , Fan Lishuang , Zhao Chenyang , Guo Zhikun , Chen Aosai , Zhang Yu , Zhang Naiqing
Published: January 2022

A conversion-type BiOI cathode coupled with ZnI2 additive as a redox medium is proposed to electrochemically store charge.
Simultaneous microwave-assisted reduction and B/N co-doping of graphene oxide for selective recognition of VOCs
Authors: Matsoso Joyce B. , Antonatos Nikolas , Kumar Pradip Roy , Jellett Cameron , Mazánek Vlastimil , Journet Catherine , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: January 2022

The influence of heteroatom domains on the volatile organic compound (VOC) detection properties of B/N co-doped graphene oxide nanostructures is investigated by using different boron (B) and nitrogen (N) sources.
Exploiting angular spread in channel estimation of millimeter wave MIMO system
Authors: You You , Zhang Li
Published: January 2022

Millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency spectrum can mitigate severe spectrum shortage caused by the explosive growth of mobile data demand. To overcome the high propagation loss of mmWave signals, massive multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) and hybrid architecture are employed. As in microwave communication systems, channel state information (CSI) is essential to fully achieve the advantages of mmWave communication. However, due to the massive number of antennas and hybrid architecture, the CSI acquisition is challenging. The sparsity of mmWave channel can be utilized to reduce the training overhead. In addition to sparsity, real‐world measurements in dense urban propagation environments reveal that the mmWave channel may spread in form of cluster of paths over the angular domains, namely the angular spread. In this paper, it is utilized to formulate the channel estimation as a block‐sparse signal recovery problem. The block orthogonal matching pursuit (BOMP) is used to validate the model. Then, block fast Bayesian matching pursuit (BFBMP) algorithm is proposed to solve the above problem. Compared with other existing channel estimation methods, simulation results show that the angular spread feature and the proposed BFBMP can considerably improve the CSI estimation with less complexity.
Visual question answering with gated relation‐aware auxiliary
Authors: Shao Xiangjun , Xiang Zhenglong , Li Yuanxiang
Published: January 2022

The great advances in computer vision and natural language processing make significant progress in visual question answering. In the visual question answering task, the visual representation is essential for understanding the image content. However, traditional methods rarely exploit the context information of the visual feature related to the question and the relation‐aware information to capture valuable visual representation. Therefore, a gated relation‐aware model is proposed to capture the enhanced visual representation for desiring answer prediction. The gated relation‐aware module can learn relation‐aware information between the visual feature and the context, and a certain object of an image, respectively. In addition, the proposed module can filter out the unnecessary relation‐aware information through the gate guided by the question semantic representation. The results of the conducted experiments show that the gated relation‐aware module makes a significant improvement on all answer categories.
Multi‐label hybrid radar signal recognition based on a feature pyramid network and class activation mapping
Authors: Si Weijian , Luo Jiaji , Deng Zhian
Published: January 2022

The electromagnetic environment of modern battlefields becomes increasingly complex, and radar receivers may receive multiple radar signals simultaneously. However, current deep learning models can only predict a single class and cannot recognize multi‐label mixed radar signals. In this study, a multi‐label hybrid radar signal recognition framework based on the feature pyramid network (FPN) and class activation map (CAM) is proposed. The multi‐label radar signals are recognized by calculating the average value of the CAM corresponding to each class. The proposed method can recognize, localize and separate mixed radar signals in time‐frequency images, which improves the interpretability and transparency of the model. In addition, the FPN is adopted to improve the spatial resolution of the feature maps, and the Mixup data augmentation is utilized to improve the generalization performance of the model. Experiments with eight different modulation types of mixed radar signals show that the recognition accuracy of hybrid radar signals achieves 92.2% at 0 dB.
Dynamics in a stellar convective layer and at its boundary: Comparison of five 3D hydrodynamics codes
Authors: Andrassy R. , Higl J. , Mao H. , Mocák M. , Vlaykov D. G. , Arnett W. D. , Baraffe I. , Campbell S. W. , Constantino T. , Edelmann P. V. F. , Goffrey T. , Guillet T. , Herwig F. , Hirschi R. , Horst L. , Leidi G. , Meakin C. , Pratt J. , Rizzuti F. , Röpke F. K. , Woodward P.
Published: January 2022

Our ability to predict the structure and evolution of stars is in part limited by complex, 3D hydrodynamic processes such as convective boundary mixing. Hydrodynamic simulations help us understand the dynamics of stellar convection and convective boundaries. However, the codes used to compute such simulations are usually tested on extremely simple problems and the reliability and reproducibility of their predictions for turbulent flows is unclear. We define a test problem involving turbulent convection in a plane-parallel box, which leads to mass entrainment from, and internal-wave generation in, a stably stratified layer. We compare the outputs from the codes FLASH, MUSIC, PPMSTAR, PROMPI, and SLH, which have been widely employed to study hydrodynamic problems in stellar interiors. The convection is dominated by the largest scales that fit into the simulation box. All time-averaged profiles of velocity components, fluctuation amplitudes, and fluxes of enthalpy and kinetic energy are within ≲3σ of the mean of all simulations on a given grid (1283 and 2563 grid cells), where σ describes the statistical variation due to the flow’s time dependence. They also agree well with a 5123 reference run. The 1283 and 2563 simulations agree within 9% and 4%, respectively, on the total mass entrained into the convective layer. The entrainment rate appears to be set by the amount of energy that can be converted to work in our setup and details of the small-scale flows in the boundary layer seem to be largely irrelevant. Our results lend credence to hydrodynamic simulations of flows in stellar interiors. We provide in electronic form all outputs of our simulations as well as all information needed to reproduce or extend our study.
Analysis of the variability of the quantitative traits of the generative shoot of two white-flowered carnation species (Dianthus awaricus, Dianthus fragrans) under the conditions of Dagestan
Authors: Osmanov Ruslan , Guseynova Ziyarat , Anatov Dzhalaludin
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of assessing the quantitative traits of generative shoots of two white-flowered carnation species from four geographically isolated points: Dianthus awaricus (Oboda, Khvarada) and Dianthus fragrans (Khindakh, Charoda). Comparative analysis showed that, in general, the average values of most morphological characters are higher in D. fragrans, and the width of the petal and the number of lobe denticles are higher in D. awaricus. According to the results of two-way analysis of variance, the greatest contribution to the differentiation of species according to the relative components of variance (h2) is made by the traits “number of serrature on a petal” (73.2%), “cup length” (64.7%) and “petal index” (45.8%); unreliable traits (0.0–1.2%) – “flower length”, “flower diameter”, “flower mass” and “internode index”. Growing conditions significantly affect the characteristics of the apical flower: length (53.6%), diameter (40.1%) and its mass (46.3%). Squares of Mahalanobis distances showed the similarity of D. fragrans cenopopulations and significant isolation in D. awaricus, which is possibly associated with significant differences in the complex of ecological-cenotic conditions and possible microevolutionary processes occurring in highly isolated populations. Between the two species, there is a clear separation in space of the two roots of canonical analysis and complete self-identification according to the classification matrix. Such studies contribute to the identification of similarities and differences between closely related species in contrasting environmental conditions.
Dynamics of physicochemical indicators using various fertilization systems on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil and their Influence on Crop Productivity
Authors: Volodina Tamara , Pavlov Igor , Nazarova Olga
Published: January 2022

As a result of the studies carried out by the Department of Chemistry, Agrochemistry and Agroecology to improve the physicochemical parameters of sod-podzolic soils in the conditions of the Pskov region, positive results were obtained. It was noted that on the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in the period from 2016 to 2019, in the control option, there was a gradual increase in soil acidity over the years. For 5 years, the exchange acidity increased by 0.1 units, and the hydrolytic acidity of the soil by 0.07 meq/100 g of soil. Against the background with mineral fertilizers, as well as in the control, during the study period there was no decrease in the value of exchangeable acidity, and the increase in hydrolytic acidity was not significant by 0.02 meq/100 g of soil, respectively, in relation to 2016. Application of manure in the amount of 30 and 40 t/ha contributed to a significant improvement in the acid-base state of the soil. During the years under study, exchangeable acidity decreased by 0.7-1.1 units (from 5.8 to 6.1 units), and the hydrolytic acidity of the soil decreased by 0.08 meq/100 g of soil due to the influx of stubble-root residues. Application of manure reduced the negative indicators of the Ca and Mg balance by 564 kg/ha or by 83 %, and in the organomineral and mineral options only by 64 and 39 %, respectively. The results of studies on sandy loamy sod-podzolic soil also showed a high efficiency of the influence of fertilization systems on the productivity of crops in the crop rotation link. The best performance indicators were obtained from the organomineral fertilization system.
Breeding and chemical methods of brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) protection from Fusarium blight
Authors: Serdyuk Oksana , Trubina Victoria , Gorlova Lyudmila
Published: January 2022

The article presents the research on breeding and chemical methods of brown mustard sowings from Fusarium blight in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region. We evaluated mustard variety samples affected by the disease on a natural infectious background during the growing season. As a result, for 4 years we selected mustard breeding material resistant to Fusarium blight, which exceeds the productivity and oil content of the standard variety Yunona by 0.20-0.26 t/ha and 2.0-2.7 %, respectively. We tested systemic chemical fungicides from the triazoles and strobilurins groups in a chemical method study. We determined the fungicide with the active ingredients azoxystrobin 120 g/l + tebuconazole 200 g/l, SC at the application rate of 1.0 l/ha which effectively decreases the spreading and development of Fusarium blight on mustard when treating plants at the stalking stage. The biological effectiveness of the preparation was 82.4 %, the seed yield significantly exceeded the control (by 0.36 t/ha). Thus, it is recommended to use both breeding and chemical methods of sowings protection against the disease to effectively decrease the harmfulness of Fusarium blight on mustard.
Mathematical model of analytical approach of comparative analysis of productivity of agricultural machinery when using visualization technology
Authors: Solovev D.A. , Chumakova S.V. , Goncharov R.D.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses options for increasing the productivity of agricultural machinery, and also reveals the relationship between increasing its productivity by reducing the time of maintenance when using elements of virtual reality. Also, the article presents a mathematical model and shows the solution to the problem of assessing the productivity of agricultural technical units, in particular, it is proposed to conduct an assessment based on a comparison of the time spent on performing work when using elements of virtual reality during maintenance and in the traditional form of its implementation.
Comparative Therapy of Animal and Bird Diseases Caused by Mycoplasmas
Authors: goltsov Valery , Padilo Larisa , Biryukova Oksana
Published: January 2022

Mycoplasmas are the cause of many pathologies, both of various species of animals and birds. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of enrofloxacin, difloxacin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, tylosin, tilmycosin, tilvalosin, tiamulin, florfenicol, lincomycin, spectinomycin and 2 combinations (spectinomycin and lincomycin) with the isolates of Myecoplasma sympathy were significantly different. Elevated MICs of tilmicosin were observed in both M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum isolates (MIC values> = 64 μg/ml), and this was observed in all isolates with high MICs of tylosin. The increase in the MIC of lincomycin was mainly associated with the increase in the MIC of tilmicosin. In vitro susceptibility testing of 50 M. gallisepticum strains isolated in Israel in the period of 1997-2010 carried out by a group of scientists led by Gerchman I. showed that acquired resistance to tylosin, as well as to tilmicosin, is present in 50 % of them. Moreover, 72 % (13/18) of the strains isolated from clinical specimens since 2006 showed acquired resistance to enrofloxacin, tylosin and tilmicosin. All isolates with MIC> = 0.63 μg/ml for tylosin and MIC> = 1.25 μg/ml for tilmycosin have one of these mutations, which indicates a significant role in reducing the sensitivity of M. gallisepticum to 16-membered macrolides. Fluoroquinolones, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline and oxytetracycline are effective against Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma, which are the main causative agents of respiratory infections in lambs. Antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis isolates to antibacterial drugs is not high. With the exception of tilmicosin, all isolates were highly susceptible to the tested antimicrobials (oxytetracycline and florfenicol). Tilmicosin and oxytetracycline are effective in treating respiratory diseases in young calves, even if they are affected by Mycoplasma spp. Tilmicosin is more effective in eliminating the clinical signs of mycoplasmosis. Treatment of mycoplasma respiratory syndrome with tulathromycin resulted in slightly higher (P = 0.009) therapeutic success (87.9 % and 80 %, respectively) than initial treatment with enrofloxacin (70.2 % and 62.5 %, respectively). Animals treated with tulathromycin also received fewer follow-up treatments and increased weight gain compared to animals treated with enrofloxacin. Tulatromycin was evaluated in the treatment of pneumonia in weaning pigs intranasally inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Tulatromycin was also quite effective. Use of broad-spectrum drugs, which include tilmicosin, is also promising. Therefore, the therapeutic efficacy of the analyzed drugs used for the treatment of mycoplasmosis, both in birds and animals (cattle, small ruminants, and pigs), depends both on the drugs used and on etiological agents. A significant role in the effectiveness of treatment with certain drugs is played by the infections accompanying mycoplasmosis.
Ecological scales of indicator plants in an industrial region
Authors: Safonov Andrei
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a long-term monitoring experiment (26 years) to identify indicator plants and their indices for assessing the state of ecosystems in the industrial region of Eastern Europe – Donbass. Ecological scales are discrete calculated or metric indicators that are important for quantification and examination of anropogenically transformed ecotopes. It is proposed to use four categories of ecological scales with a different mechanism for calculating the indices and different conditions of the experiment: 1) the principle of varying absolute metric parameters, 2) the calculated principle of correspondence of the percentage value; 3) the indices of the survival strategy implementation (vegetative and reproductive success); 4) the frequency of occurrence (or appearance) of characteristic features or the degree of specialization of functional discrete structures. Names of plant species of Donbass are given and their characteristics of variation are indicated in fractional 10-point scales.
Egalitarian and utilitarian approaches in the green logistics of multimodal grain’s transportation
Authors: Bogachev Viktor , Kravets Alexandra , Mulenko Olga
Published: January 2022

A multi-agent approach is proposed in the complex researches time and cost indicators of multimodal freight transportation on the railway loop, carried out in the direction of the port unloading stations. Along with the traditional subjects of the transportation process, such as the infrastructure owner, the carrier, the operator company (the rolling stock owner), the logistics company and clients (consignors and cargo’s owners), a “green logistics” agent is introduced. This agent is a concept that accumulates forms of manifestation of a conscious attitude of society to the environment in transport and logistics activities. Based on the assessment of the transport and technological railway loop infrastructure and the cost of transport services, a mathematical model of the freight transportation process is built, which is a multi-criteria transport problem. The choice of objective functions and constraints in the task is aimed at, first of all, taking into account the diverse interests of the agent “green logistics”. The algorithm for solving the problem, presented in the form of an integer programming problem, is based on the fundamental principles of the egalitarian and utilitarian approaches in the welfare theory. The implementation of the corresponding calculations for the grain transportation is performed in the environment of the computer mathematics system.
Influence of DNA-Markers Kap 1.3, Cast, Lep 387 on the Productivity of Sheep of the Caucasian and Edilbaevskaya Breeds
Authors: Lushnikov Vladimir , Strilchuk Andrey
Published: January 2022

Recently, all over the world, breeding work has been carried out with the active use of the methods of modern genetics. The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the DNA markers of calpastatin (CAST) and leptin (LEP 387) with the meat productivity of Edilbaev sheep, as well as KAP 1.3 with the wool productivity of Caucasian sheep. It was revealed that these DNA markers have a sufficient level of polymorphism in the studied breeds, as well as presence of a relationship between the genotypes of the studied DNA markers with the productivity of the studied breeds.
Fertility Recovery in Cows with Clinical Endometritis
Authors: Semivolos Aleksandr , Bryukhanova Anastasia , Pankov Ivan
Published: January 2022

The article presents the materials of microbiological studies of the contents of the uterus of cows with acute catarrhal-purulent form of postpartum endometritis. Studies have shown that the microflora was represented by Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecium, Citrobacter freundii, Streptococcus pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of microflora to the drugs Enroflor®, Geomicini® F and Mitrec® was studied. The results of use of drugs for the clinical recovery of animals, the restoration of sexual cyclicity in cows were analyzed. The features of fertilization of cows after intrauterine use of various drugs for sexual cycles and for the entire duration of the experiment were studied. It was found that the highest therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of cows with acute catarrhal - purulent form of postpartum endometritis is provided by drug Mitrec®.
Study of Local Irritant Action of a Prototype Drug Based on Esters of Fatty Acids
Authors: Smirnova Ksenia , Larionova Olga , Drevko Boris
Published: January 2022

In this article, we have presented studies of the local irritating effect of a prototype wound-healing preparation based on water-based fatty acid esters with allantoin. The study of local irritant action included use of extreme dilutions of the drug for intradermal and local use in the induction and provocative phases. The assessment was carried out in points, in the experimental group it was on average 1 point, in control animals on average it was also equal to 1. These studies indicate that the composition has a mild skin reaction of sensitized guinea pigs and does not cause an allergic reaction.
Adherence to Definitions of Labor Arrest Influence on Primary Cesarean Delivery Rate
Authors: Greenberg Jessica T. , Cross Sarah N. , Raab Cheryl A. , Pettker Christian M. , Illuzzi Jessica L.
Published: January 2022

Objective The cesarean delivery rate in the United States is 31.9%. One of the leading indications for primary cesarean delivery is labor arrest. A modern understanding of the labor curve supports more time prior to the diagnosis of labor arrest. We conducted this study to examine the impact of adherence to the modern criteria for labor arrest and failed induction on rates of primary cesarean delivery and to identify predictors of meeting these criteria.

Study Design We analyzed rates of primary cesarean deliveries overall and primary cesarean deliveries occurring due to arrest of dilation, arrest of descent, and failed induction among the 17,877 live births at a large academic center from 2010 through 2013. Multiple logistic regression modeling identified predictors of meeting the new criteria for these indications based on guidelines published by the 2012 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Results The primary cesarean delivery rate decreased from 23.5 to 21.1% (p = 0.026) from 2010 to 2013. Primary cesarean delivery rate for labor arrest and failed induction decreased from 8.5 to 6.7% (p = 0.005). The percentage of primary cesarean deliveries meeting the 2012 criteria for labor arrest increased from 18.8 to 34.9% (p = 0.002), and the rate of primary cesarean deliveries due to arrest of dilation decreased from 5.1 to 3.4% (p < 0.0005). The percentage of cases meeting the 2012 criteria for arrest of descent increased from 57.8 to 71.0% (p < 0.007), while primary cesarean delivery rate due to arrest of descent remained relatively unchanged, 3.1 to 2.6% (p = 0.330).

Conclusion A decrease in the primary cesarean rate was attributable to a decrease in cesarean for arrest of dilation in the setting of a significant increase in meeting the 2012 criteria for arrest of dilation. At the end of the study period, 65.2% of cesareans still did not meet the criteria for arrest of dilation. Greater rates of adherence to these guidelines may yield further reductions in the cesarean rate.

Key Points
Principles for Designing and Developing a Workflow Monitoring Tool to Enable and Enhance Clinical Workflow Automation
Authors: Wu Danny T.Y. , Barrick Lindsey , Ozkaynak Mustafa , Blondon Katherine , Zheng Kai
Published: January 2022

Background Automation of health care workflows has recently become a priority. This can be enabled and enhanced by a workflow monitoring tool (WMOT).

Objectives We shared our experience in clinical workflow analysis via three cases studies in health care and summarized principles to design and develop such a WMOT.

Methods The case studies were conducted in different clinical settings with distinct goals. Each study used at least two types of workflow data to create a more comprehensive picture of work processes and identify bottlenecks, as well as quantify them. The case studies were synthesized using a data science process model with focuses on data input, analysis methods, and findings.

Results Three case studies were presented and synthesized to generate a system structure of a WMOT. When developing a WMOT, one needs to consider the following four aspects: (1) goal orientation, (2) comprehensive and resilient data collection, (3) integrated and extensible analysis, and (4) domain experts.

Discussion We encourage researchers to investigate the design and implementation of WMOTs and use the tools to create best practices to enable workflow automation and improve workflow efficiency and care quality.
PCaGuard: A Software Platform to Support Optimal Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tamposis Ioannis , Tsougos Ioannis , Karatzas Anastasios , Vassiou Katerina , Vlychou Marianna , Tzortzis Vasileios
Published: January 2022

Background and Objective Prostate cancer (PCa) is a severe public health issue and the most common cancer worldwide in men. Early diagnosis can lead to early treatment and long-term survival. The addition of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in combination with ultrasound (mpMRI-U/S fusion) biopsy to the existing diagnostic tools improved prostate cancer detection. Use of both tools gradually increases in every day urological practice. Furthermore, advances in the area of information technology and artificial intelligence have led to the development of software platforms able to support clinical diagnosis and decision-making using patient data from personalized medicine.

Methods We investigated the current aspects of implementation, architecture, and design of a health care information system able to handle and store a large number of clinical examination data along with medical images, and produce a risk calculator in a seamless and secure manner complying with data security/accuracy and personal data protection directives and standards simultaneously. Furthermore, we took into account interoperability support and connectivity to legacy and other information management systems. The platform was implemented using open source, modern frameworks, and development tools.

Results The application showed that software platforms supporting patient follow-up monitoring can be effective, productive, and of extreme value, while at the same time, aiding toward the betterment medicine clinical workflows. Furthermore, it removes access barriers and restrictions to specialized care, especially for rural areas, providing the exchange of medical images and patient data, among hospitals and physicians.

Conclusion This platform handles data to estimate the risk of prostate cancer detection using current state-of-the-art in eHealth systems and services while fusing emerging multidisciplinary and intersectoral approaches. This work offers the research community an open architecture framework that encourages the broader adoption of more robust and comprehensive systems in standard clinical practice.