bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appraisal of the Current Pharmacology Curriculum, Teaching Methodology and Effectiveness in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Student-Centric, Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Sarker Sujit Kumar , Bhas Geethanjali , Moitra Priyanka , Paul Ratna , Yusuf Md. Abdullah , Marakala Vijaya , Ratan Zubair Ahmed , Ahmed Ikramul , Arif Khan Mohammad , Reza AM Selim
Published: May 2021

Background: Periodic students’ feedback ensures and enhances the effectiveness of the curriculum of medical subject.

Objective: This study was designed to obtain students appraisal of the undergraduate pharmacology curriculum and teaching methodology.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology at Colonel Malek Medical College, Manikganj, Bangladesh from May to June, 2019 for a period of two months. Questionnaire-based data were collected from students of both sexes who had completed 3rd Professional examination. Likert Scale was applied to collect students’ feedback on pharmacology.

Results: A total number of 40 students were recruited for this study of which 60.0% students were strongly agreed about organized teaching. About 47.5% students were agreed that the course was appropriate at their level and achieved their goals in Pharmacology. However, 55% of them strongly agreed that teacher provided clear constructive feedback during class. Total 60%, were agreed that the course improved their problem-solving skills. Overall, 55% students were agreed regarding their satisfaction on Pharmacology course delivery and conduction.

Conclusion: In conclusion, periodic appraisal from students regarding evaluation of the student-centric undergraduate pharmacology curriculum is vital in developing efficient medical graduates.

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2021;8(1):30-33
A Case Presentation and Treatment Review on Novel COVID 19
Authors: Jha Ambika Nand , Shah Akshay H , Trivedi Upama N
Published: May 2021

SARS-COV 2 Is causative agent of COVID 19, just few month ago was foreign to us and now spreading its routes well in India. Starting with one case As of August 25, 2020 in India 3167323 positive cases have been reported. coronavirus is beta form  of SARS-CoV-2 belong to family of Coronaviridae. A 44-year-old man, who lives in Kolakata, West Bengal, Working in a travel agency. He came To OPD with complaint of fever, Throat Infection, Multiple joint and muscle pain, Cough. A SARS-CoV-2 Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) test was positive. He was being treated & Monitored in Home isolation with high dose oral ascorbic acid, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and Zinc acetate. This Article aimed to Case Presentation And Treatment Review of Novel COVID 19.

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2021;8(1):75-77
Effectiveness of the low-level laser therapy in the management of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws: A case report
Authors: Silva-Souza Lucas Geazi da , Oliveira Luana Domingos de , Nunes Gabriel Pereira , Cividanes Laila dos Santos , Dahan Cristian Michael , Pereira Andressa Kleyslla Guedes , Kitakawa Dárcio , Neder Viviana Moraes , Carvalho Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of osteonecrosis caused by bisphosphonates and its treatment with the aid of laser therapy. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a resource used that is characterized by photobiostimulation and photobiomodulation, promoting analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects and can also be a tool for treating osteonecrosis induced by bisphosphonates (BFs), when associated also to drug therapy. The present case is a 63-year-old patient, leukoderma, with thyroid disorder and osteoporosis, making continuous use of medicaments classified as BF’s. He had a dental fracture and sensitivity to cold and treatment started with prophylaxis. After radiography of the dental elements, restorations were performed and tooth extraction (element 46). In the postoperative period, the patient reports pain and a bone exposure were observed clinically in the region of the extracted area, with osteonecrosis being diagnosed. Drug therapy was promptly applied and the use of LLLT was chosen as an adjunctive and supportive therapy. It is plausible to infer the need for attention to patients undergoing drug treatment with bisphosphonates, fully evaluating the best treatment for the possible occurrence of osteonecrosis in view of LLT as an effective complementary therapeutic approach.
Estratégia de protocolo hormonal baseado na antecipação de PGF2α para melhorar a eficiência reprodutiva em vacas leiteiras submetidas a transferência de embriões em tempo fixo (TETF)
Authors: Medeiros Michael Nogueira de , Câmara Felipe Venceslau , Souza Glaucinete Borges de , Medeiros André Luiz de , Magalhães Padilha Deborah de Melo
Published: May 2021

Esse estudo objetivou comparar dois protocolos hormonais para transferência de embriões em tempo fixo (TETF) em vacas de leite baseados no momento da aplicação de PGF2α. Um total de 2.172 vacas mestiças Bos indicus foram utilizadas. De acordo com o protocolo de sincronização das receptoras de embriões, as vacas foram divididas em dois tratamentos: o Convencional e o MMSINCRO (tratamento teste). O protocolo Convencional consistiu na inserção de um dispositivo contendo progesterona e administração de benzoato de estradiol no Dia 0. No Dia 8, a progesterona foi removida e aplicado PGF2α, eCG e cipionato de estradiol. No Dia 10, os animais receberam GnRH. A TETF foi realizada no Dia 17. O MMSINCRO consistiu na inserção da progesterona e administração de benzoato de estradiol no Dia 0. No Dia 7, animais receberam PGF2α. No Dia 9, a progesterona foi removida e os animais receberam eCG e cipionato de estradiol. No dia 11, foi aplicado GnRH. A TETF foi realizada no Dia 18. A taxa de concepção das receptoras do tratamento MMSINCRO (52%) foi significativamente superior a do protocolo Convencional (33 %). A avaliação qualitativa do corpo lúteo mostrou uma melhor qualidade no tratamento MMSINCRO. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que para TETF em vacas leiteira, aconselha-se a utilização do protocolo MMSINCRO nas receptoras, o qual foi capaz de aumentar a taxa de concepção. Esse achado proporciona uma melhora na eficiência reprodutiva de bovinos leiteiros, e consequentemente, em uma maior produção de leite e derivados nas fazendas de vacas leiteiras.
Metodologia de Cuidado Humanitude: Repercussões na atuação dos profissionais em instituição para idosos durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Celich Kátia Lilian Sedrez , Melo Rosa Cândida Carvalho Pereira de , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira , Henriques Liliana Vanessa Lúcio , Souza Jeane Barros de , Zilli Francielly , Zenevicz Leoni Terezinha , Hanauer Marceli Cleunice , Madureira Valéria Silvana Faganello
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: compreender as repercussões do uso da Metodologia do Cuidado Humanitude na vida dos profissionais que atuam em uma estrutura residencial para pessoas idosas de Portugal, durante o enfrentamento da COVID-19. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em uma estrutura residencial para pessoas idosas no norte de Portugal. Participaram dessa investigação oito profissionais que apresentavam formação na Metodologia de Cuidado Humanitude e com experiência na assistência ao idoso. A coleta de dados ocorreu de forma online durante os meses de setembro e outubro de 2020, e os resultados foram analisados com base na análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa, enfermeiros, assistente social, psicólogo, sociólogo, terapeuta ocupacional e administrador. A problematização dos resultados seguiu duas grandes categorias as quais abordaram as temáticas referentes à consolidação de um ambiente saúdavel no trabalho e a redefinição da gestão do cuidado. Conclusão: Foi possível compreender que a Metodologia de Cuidado Humanitude repercutiu na vida dos profissionais de modo que os mesmos puderam identificar fatores motivacionais, satisfatórios e de valoração do processo de trabalho, assim como, características oriundas tanto dos pilares como dos fundamentos da metodologia, repercutiram de forma positiva na vida dos profissionais diante do enfrentamento das dificuldades experienciadas pela COVID-19.
Interações medicamentosas associadas a Ginkgo biloba L.: Revisão de literatura
Authors: Silva Ana Caroline da , Leitão Joseana Martins Soares de Rodrigues
Published: May 2021

No último século o progresso dos estudos relacionados a medicamentos proporcionaram o combate a alguns males que atingem a humanidade, entretanto estima-se que 80% da população busca terapias alternativas, pois a dificuldade em ter acesso a serviços básicos de saúde, seja pela alta demanda de pacientes ou até mesmo ao alto custo para aquisição de medicamentos faz com que busquem com mais frequência tratamentos com fitoterápicos que estão entre os recursos da medicina complementar e vem sendo utilizado há muito tempo pela população O Ginkgo é utilizado há séculos pela medicina tradicional chinesa para a melhoria do estado de alerta. A pesquisa buscou realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as principais interações entre fármacos e medicamentos fitoterápicos elaborados à base de ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.). O estudo foi executado através de uma revisão sistemática, considerando a relevância do tema, buscando conhecer sob o olhar de alguns autores bem como analisar como e quais as interações medicamentosas do fitoterápico G. biloba. A elaboração da pesquisa teve por ferramenta embasadora material já publicado sobre o tema; artigos científicos em publicações periódicas e disponíveis nos seguintes bancos de dados: Scielo e Pubmed, sendo considerados os artigos publicados entre 2010-2020, que relatavam sobre as possíveis interações medicamentosas do fitoterápico G. biloba. Da pesquisa bibliográfica efetuada obteve um total 497 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 a 2020. Após leitura, selecionou-se sete trabalhos, iniciando leituras exaustivas dos textos, fazendo uma síntese de cada artigo e categorizando os tipos de interações medicamentosas relacionadas a G. biloba.
A sexualidade em adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA): Revisão integrativa
Authors: Arend Marcia Helena Rodrigues de Freitas , Maciel Eduardo Timm , Fantinelli Alessandra Andrade , Eggres Danielen , Graup Susane , Balk Rodrigo de Souza
Published: May 2021

Introdução: o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é visto como um distúrbio global do desenvolvimento, cujas áreas afetadas são a linguagem, a cognição e a interação social. Assim, a imaturidade, especialmente percebida pelos seus familiares, agrava a dificuldade em lidar com assuntos acerca da sexualidade, causando resistência em aceitar que o autista seja possuidor de direitos em relação aos seus desejos e manifestações sexuais. Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas a respeito do desenvolvimento da sexualidade em adolescentes autistas. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, elaborada por meio da busca e síntese dos resultados de estudos publicados, relacionados à sexualidade e autismo. Em pesquisa realizada na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizou-se a seguinte estratégia de busca: Educação Sexual, Sexualidade, Adolescente e Transtorno Autístico, indexados nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e no sistema de métodos médicos da língua inglesa Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH). Ainda, para a busca avançada, aplicou-se a terminologia booleana “and”, cobrindo, portanto, o período de 2015 até junho de 2020, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: 05 artigos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade, sendo selecionados e analisados. Os resultados apontam para que o tema seja discutido considerando a efetiva possibilidade de manifestação e vivência da sexualidade por partes dos acometidos por TEA, contribuindo, assim, para a melhora da sua qualidade de vida. Conclusão: tratar sobre a sexualidade de pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência, limitação ou necessidade especial, embora complexo, é fundamental para questionar equívocos, mitos e exclusões.
A relevância da implantação do Centro de Referência do Pé Diabético em Marabá-PA
Authors: Beckemkamp Tatiana Teixeira de Castro Carvalho , Percário Sandro
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Demonstrar a importância da criação do Centro de Referência do Pé Diabético de Marabá (CRPDM) para a cidade e região. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional, retrospectivo conduzido em um hospital geral do Município de Marabá-Pa. A população do estudo correspondeu aos pacientes atendidos pela cirurgia vascular, no Hospital Municipal de Marabá, no período entre abril de 2015 a setembro de 2019. Resultados: Verificou-se um número elevado de atendimentos do serviço de cirurgia vascular no período estudado. Foram realizados 621 atendimentos com predominância de procedimentos cirúrgicos (51%), entre amputações e revisões de coto, e pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes. Em relação ao gênero houve uma prevalência do sexo masculino, quanto ao município de origem 85% eram de Marabá. Conclusão: Nessa perspectiva, o CRPDM tem como objetivo implantar um serviço de referência para os pacientes diabéticos, baseado nos protocolos e recomendações do Ministério da Saúde, Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes - SBD e International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot - IWGDP. A perspectiva é mudar a realidade da cidade e região de Marabá, promovendo melhorias na assistência, com o intuito de diminuir as complicações e sequelas nessa população.
Dietary acid load in a group of kidney transplantation candidates
Authors: Medeiros Livia Torres , Sales Andressa Eslayne Caldas , Sousa Francisca Isabelle da Silva e , Moreira Tyciane Maria Vieira , Batista Ana Clara Vital , Braga Ribanna Aparecida Marques , Ramos Lorena Taúsz Tavares , Lopes Fábia Karine de Moura , Daltro Ana Filomena Camacho Santos
Published: May 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to estimate and analyze the Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) of the diet in patients maintenance hemodialysis who are candidates for transplantation. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample was separated in terciles of the PRAL. For the association between the PRAL and the independent variables, non-adjusted multinomial logistic regression and adjusted by potential confounders were implemented. It was assumed a p< 0,05 for statistical significance. Results: It was noticed that protein (g), the protein /kg of weight (g/kg), % of animal and vegetal protein, the phosphorus (mg), the lipid (g), and the carbohydrate (g) showed differences between the terciles (p<0,05). In regression, the greatest consumption of protein (g), protein g/kg of weight (g/kg), % of animal protein and lipid (g) was associated with the tercile 3 to tercile 1, whereas the greatest consumption of carbohydrate and % vegetal protein showed a protective effect. Conclusion: The results show an association between the PRAL and the protein consumption with the difference between the sources. It was not found an association between PRAL and the variables of nutritional status.
Caminhos da reforma agrária popular agroecológica
Authors: Holler Silvana Cassia , Fagundes Maurício , Vergara Édina Mayer
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os possíveis caminhos para a construção de uma Reforma Agrária Popular e Agroecológica. Mesmo com  sua importância, essa temática tem encontrado ao longo da história brasileira fortes resistências por parte dos latifundiários e do Estado. A metodologia que deu corpo a este artigo fundamenta-se em um ensaio teórico de base bibliográfica e com análise de documentos. O estudo resgata o processo histórico que consolida as raízes da reforma agrária, dialogando com autores como Ianni (1965;1976), Bandeira (1978), Sodré, entre outros. Contudo, traz elementos conceituais que buscam compreender a agroecologia, como  parte das bandeiras de luta dos movimentos sociais. Apresenta uma construção atual, denominada de Reforma Agrária Popular, que parte dos movimentos sociais, em que discute-se o futuro da classe trabalhadora do campo. Esta proposta de Reforma Agrária Popular estrututura-se em um plano que articula a mobilização popular na luta pela democratização do acesso à terra, por trabalho, moradia, educação, cultura, produção de alimentos saudáveis para toda a população e na defesa da biodiversidade. Por fim, este estudo revelou um processo em curso, demarcado por intensas lutas dos movimentos sociais no campo, que ao mesmo tempo que denunciam o abandono dos trabalhadores camponeses e o descaso com o meio ambiente, reivindicam urgência na execução de uma Reforma Agrária Popular Agroecológica, que seja orgânica da classe trabalhadora e que possa superar as mazelas causadas pelo agronegócio, principalmente frente a deteriorização da questão ambiental e a falta de condições da reprodução da vida no meio rural.
A BLOCKCHAIN-BASED ONLINE REVIEW SYSTEM OF TOURISM PRODUCTS USING ETHEREUM
Authors: Rizal Mohamad Rafi Raihan
Published: May 2021

Rapid technological advances have made blockchain technology applicable not only to digital money, but in various fields. One of the areas that can be implemented by blockchain is digital tourism, specifically in the online review system of tourism products. The current online review system has several problems due to its centralized nature. The problem faced is the manipulation of review data which can be in the form of review deletion by a centralized party. This research proposes a decentralized online review system using the Ethereum blockchain technology, Smart Contracts, and IPFS to provide a secure, transparent, and trustworthy online review system platform. The purpose of this research is to implement a permission-less blockchain as a storage for reviews (review forms and log notes) and develop a web application as a user interface. The data used is data from travel sites which contain details about hotels and restaurants in Bukhara. The results displayed are the development of a web application that implements a permission-less blockchain using Ethereum and the system performance is displayed based on system testing, which comprised of unit testing and Black-Box testing.
Not “Dressed Like a Philosopher”: Tactful Statesmanship in Utopia and the Epigrams
Authors: Hebert Jr. L. Joseph
Published: May 2021

This paper argues that the mode of statesmanship recommended in Utopia provides the framework for the Epigrams. While Utopia demonstrates the need for artful indirection by exposing the vices of a man too proud to adopt it, the Epigrams exhibit More's preparation for and practice of a tactfully philosophic statesmanship.
An Exemplary Defense: Livy's Illustrative Exemplum in Thomas More's Apology
Authors: Dion Noah M.
Published: May 2021

In this article, I intend to show how Thomas More's use of a seemingly obscure episode from Livy's Ab Urbe Condita in his Apology provides important insights into the major themes of the polemical project that was to consume his final years. More's adaptation of the episode situates him among other Renaissance luminaries who saw in it a means to explore how group dynamics affect individual judgement and shape common opinion. The adaptation also serves to provide thematic cohesion in a polemic long considered excessively excursive and without merit, literary or otherwise. This exploration will further shed light upon the ways in which Renaissance authors appropriated classical histories to address contemporary concerns.
Increased Cadre Motivation Conducting Childbirth Referrals through Training with the DABA Method
Authors: Setyorini Dhiana , Cahyono Intim , Palupi Jenie , Hasanah Nur
Published: May 2021

One of the causes of high maternal mortality is delivery assistance provided by other than health workers or traditional healers. The way to reduce the bondage relationship is to increase the motivation of cadres to refer mothers to health workers. The DABA method is a modification or development of the SALT method (support, appreciate, learn, and transfer), is a method or technique for forming something, showing that a community has the ability to respond to every challenge including childbirth assistance. The maternal mortality rate is still high, the Inter-Census Population Survey data released by the Central Statistics Agency shows that there were 359 maternal deaths per 100,000 births in 2013. The purpose of this study was to analyze the motivation of cadres by empowering the DABA method for referral for delivery assistance by health workers in Jember Regency. Motivation is the reason that underlies an action done by an individual. The method used was quasi-experimental using 2 groups. This study used the non equivalent control group, pre test post test design. The population in this study were 2220 posyandu cadres in the working area of the health centers in the Jember District. The subjects of this study were 100 posyandu cadres in Jember district in 2019 who met the criteria. The sampling technique was carried out by simple random sampling by selecting from a list of names of cadres in each health center. There was differences (p-value = 0.021) of cadre motivation between treatment and control group. The cadre motivation of intervention group was higher than the control group for referral labor. Having high motivation means having very strong reasons to achieve what he wants by doing his current job. The cadre motivation of treatment group increased significantly, this happened because cadres trained through the DABA method were invited to achieve the dreams they had built, namely to reduce maternal and infant mortality. Training using the DABA method is able to increase the motivation of cadres to make a referral to mothers to give birth at a health service place, so training with the DABA method is highly recommended to increase motivation for certain groups to achieve certain goals.

Keywords: cadre motivation; DABA method; childbirth referrals
Factors Related to Giving Hb0 Immunization at Batu Anam Health Center, Simalungun
Authors: Sidabutar Sondang , Friani Srirahma
Published: May 2021

More than 11 million people with Hepatitis-B in Indonesia, with a low prevalence of hepatitis B, most of the sufferers were aged 20-40 years, while in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B, the majority of people with hepatitis B were children.. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with giving Hb0 immunization to infants. The design of research was analytical. The study population was all mothers who had babies 0-7 days in Batu Anam Community Health Center. The sample size was 60 people. The research results were obtained based on the provision of Hb0 immunization, it was known that the majority of respondents were not given the Hb0 immunization as many as 33 respondents (55.0%) and the minority of respondents were given the Hb0 immunization as many as 27 respondents (45.0%) and it could be concluded that there was a relationship between education, work, number of children, knowledge, helpers. delivery, delivery assistance and family support for Hb0 immunization in infants. It is hoped that this research can become input for health workers to improve the quality of health services and education as well as information about Hb0 immunization in infants by providing counseling.

Keywords: Hb0 immunization; infants
The Effect of Straight Leg Raise Exercise with Static Bicycles on Increasing Quadriceps Muscle Strength in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Mas’ud Endang Mien , Hasbiah Hasbiah , Padang Hendrik
Published: May 2021

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease characterized by pain and limited motion of the joints resulting in muscle weakness. Late consequences can lead to limited motion and shortening of intra and extra joint components. This study aimed to analyze the effect of straight leg raise and static bicycles on the increase in quadriceps muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This study was an experimental study with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted at the Salewangan Maros Hospital. The population was knee joint osteoarthritis patients aged 40-60 years and experienced quadriceps muscle weakness. The sample met the inclusion criteria obtained by simple random sampling technique so that sample size was 28 subjects, then randomized into two treatment groups, each of 14 subjects. The research data was the strength of the quadriceps muscles using manual muscle testing which was done twice, namely before and after the straight leg raise exercise with a static bicycle. Because the data distribution were not normal, the nonparametric analysis was used. The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed that there was a significant effect of giving straight leg raise (p = 0.002) and static bicycles (p = 0.005) training on increasing quadriceps muscle strength. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed no significant differences between groups on the increase in quadriceps muscle strength (p = 0.481). The results showed that straight leg raises and static bicycles increased muscle strength and there was no difference between the two exercises.

Keywords: knee osteoarthritis; exercise; muscle strength, static bicycle; straight leg raise
PERCEPÇÕES DE ESTUDANTES SOBRE O IMPACTO DO USO DE AGROTÓXICOS: A INFLUÊNCIA DO CONTEXTO E DO ENSINO DE ESTATÍSTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Almeida Silva Sidnéia , Lima de Almeida Souza Maritza Maria , Cazorla Irene Mauricio
Published: May 2021

Com o objetivo de analisar o papel do ensino de Estatística e do contexto nas percepções deestudantes sobre o impacto do uso dos agrotóxicos, construímos uma sequência de ensino e realizamos umapesquisa intervencionista envolvendo estudantes do Ensino Médio público do interior da Bahia, em doiscontextos diferenciados de uso de agrotóxicos. A sequência de ensino foi ancorada nas fases do cicloinvestigativo, no qual os estudantes formularam o problema, responderam a Escala de Percepção deImpacto do uso de Agrotóxicos (EPIA), antes e depois da intervenção, e com os dados iniciais construíramtabelas, gráficos e discutiram o problema. Neste artigo aprofundamos nossa análise na construção da escalae na comparação dos resultados, antes e depois da intervenção, e nos dois contextos, para os quaisutilizamos testes não paramétricos e a análise de regressão. Os resultados mostram que os estudantes quevivenciam o contexto em que se usa ostensivamente o agrotóxico tendem a se posicionar de forma maiscrítica e que o ensino contextualizado de Estatística aguçou a consciência desses estudantes em um tematão importante para a sociedade.
ANÁLISE EPISTEMOLÓGICA DE TEORIA DOS NÚMEROS E CRIPTOGRAFIA: IMPORTÂNCIA DESSAS ÁREAS NOS CURRÍCULOS DE LICENCIATURA EM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Almouloud Saddo Ag , Figueroa Teodora Pinheiro , Vilhena Fonseca Rubens
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa de cunho teórico-qualitativo apresenta os resultados de uma análise

epistemológica de Teoria dos Números e Criptografia e evidencia a importância dos

saberes/conhecimentos dessas áreas nos currículos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática e nos

currículos da Escola Básica. A pesquisa surgiu a partir de inquietações referentes à própria prática

docente e, também, de relatos da comunidade científica incentivando um maior número de pesquisas

na área de Educação Matemática em Teoria dos Números e a associação deste saber às aplicações em

Criptografia. Diante deste fato, procuramos responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: Por que

Criptografia é um contexto significativo em Teoria dos Números para os currículos do curso de

Licenciatura em Matemática? Para responder nossa questão de pesquisa, valemo-nos de alguns

constructos da Teoria Antropológica do Didático e da dimensão epistemológica de um problema

didático. Os resultados das pesquisas realizadas mostram que as respostas a essa questão são de

fundamental importância tanto para o pesquisador em Didática da Matemática, como para o professor

de Matemática.
SMARTPHONE E A PRODUÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE INTEGRAL: VISUALIZAÇÃO, MOBILIDADE E GEOGEBRA
Authors: Ferreira Ragoni Victor , Santana de Souza Chiari Aparecida
Published: May 2021

O smartphone é um dispositivo que há anos vem se desenvolvendo e fazendo parte dasociedade, seja para comunicação ou até mesmo para fazermos uma transferência bancária. Por isso,começamos a nos questionar sobre esse artefato na educação, como mediador da aprendizagem. Nestetrabalho, objetivamos investigar como tensões causadas pela inserção de uma tecnologia digital podempotencializar a produção do conceito de integral por meio da visualização. Dentro da perspectivaqualitativa de pesquisa, realizamos um curso com duração de três segundas-feiras com licenciandosem Matemática e Física sobre Integrais Múltiplas, em que os participantes faziam tarefas deinvestigação e exploração com o smartphone e já produziam dados por meio de gravação de tela dopróprio dispositivo. A partir da Teoria da Atividade analisamos um Sistema de Atividade (SA) em queestiveram presentes tensões entre sujeito e artefato que estagnaram o SA por um momento até sersuperada tal adversidade. Notamos que o potencial de visualização que o smartphone possui, com oGeoGebra, teve papel fundamental na produção do conceito de Integral, assim como a interação comoutras pessoas dentro do curso foi de extrema importância para a superação de dificuldades queapareceram.
Mutant Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs189037 in Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Gene Is Significantly Associated With Ventricular Wall Thickness and Human Lifespan
Authors: Fu Shihui , Hu Jianqiu , Chen Xiaoping , Li Bo , Shun Hongjuan , Deng Juelin , Zhang Yujie , Yao Yao , Zhao Yali
Published: May 2021

In the current study, we aimed to determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs189037 in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene with cardiac structure and human longevity. Based on the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study performed in 18 cities and counties of Hainan Province, China, the current study enrolled 547 centenarians, 250 young participants aged 20–45 years, and 250 middle-aged and elderly participants aged 46–90 years. The frequency of TT genotype was significantly higher and that of CC genotype was significantly lower in middle-aged and elderly participants than in young (P = 0.012) and centenarian (P = 0.041) participants. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of SNP rs189037 between young and centenarian participants. Compared with CT genotype, TT genotype was positively and significantly associated with interventricular septum thickness (IVST) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) in centenarian (IVST: P = 0.049; LVPWT: P = 0.047) and middle-aged and elderly (IVST: P = 0.008; LVPWT: P = 0.004) participants. Compared with CC genotype, TT genotype was positively and significantly associated with LVPWT in centenarian (P = 0.030) and middle-aged and elderly (P = 0.013) participants. Compared with CC genotype, CT genotype was negatively and significantly associated with left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in centenarian (P = 0.011) and middle-aged and elderly (P = 0.040) participants. The current study demonstrated that mutant rs189037 in the ATM gene was more commonly identified in middle-aged and elderly participants than in young and centenarian participants, was significantly associated with increased left ventricular wall thickness and volume, and could induce left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy and shorten human lifespan. Therefore, rs189037 without mutation might be an indicator of youth health and successful aging, whereas mutant rs189037 might hinder human longevity.
Opportunities and Challenges of Applying Cognitive Process Dimensions to Map-Based Learning and Alternate Assessment
Authors: Bechard Sue , Karvonen Meagan , Erickson Karen
Published: May 2021

In education, taxonomies that define cognitive processes describe what a learner does with the content. Cognitive process dimensions (CPDs) are used for a number of purposes, such as in the development of standards, assessments, and subsequent alignment studies. Educators consider CPDs when developing instructional activities and materials. CPDs may provide one way to track students’ progress toward acquiring increasingly complex knowledge. There are a number of terms used to characterize CPDs, such as depth-of-knowledge, cognitive demand, cognitive complexity, complexity framework, and cognitive taxonomy or hierarchy. The Dynamic Learning Maps (DLM™) Alternate Assessment System is built on a map-based model, grounded in the literature, where academic domains are organized by cognitive complexity as appropriate for the diversity of students with significant cognitive disabilities (SCD). Of these students, approximately 9% either demonstrate no intentional communication system or have not yet attained symbolic communication abilities. This group of students without symbolic communication engages with and responds to stimuli in diverse ways based on context and familiarity. Most commonly used cognitive taxonomies begin with initial levels, such asrecall, that assume students are using symbolic communication when they process academic content. Taxonomies that have tried to extend downward to address the abilities of students without symbolic communication often include only a single dimension (i.e.,attend). The DLM alternate assessments are based on learning map models that depict cognitive processes exhibited at the foundational levels of pre-academic learning, non-symbolic communication, and growth toward higher levels of complexity. DLM examined existing cognitive taxonomies and expanded the range to include additional cognitive processes that demonstrate changes from the least complex cognitive processes through early symbolic processes. This paper describes the theoretical foundations and processes used to develop the DLM Cognitive Processing Dimension (CPD) Taxonomy to characterize cognitive processes appropriate for map-based alternate assessments. We further explain how the expanded DLM CPD Taxonomy is used in the development of the maps, extended standards (i.e., Essential Elements), alternate assessments, alignment studies, and professional development materials. Opportunities and challenges associated with the use of the DLM CPD Taxonomy in these applications are highlighted.
Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules in China: A Health Examination Cohort-Based Study
Authors: Li Yunhai , Jin Cheng , Li Jie , Tong Mingkun , Wang Mengxue , Huang Jiefeng , Ning Yi , Ren Guosheng
Published: May 2021

Background

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem and some are potentially cancerous; however, little is known about the prevalence of thyroid nodules in China. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in a healthy Chinese population.

Methods

We reviewed electronic medical records of 13,178,313 participants from 30 provinces and regions who received health examinations and underwent thyroid ultrasound at Meinian Onehealth Healthcare in 2017. Among them, 6,192,357 were excluded based on predefined criteria. All thyroid nodules were diagnosed by ultrasonography, and standardized protocols were adopted for data collection, quality control, and data management.

Results

A total of 6,985,956 participants (mean age: 42.1 ± 13.1 years) were included in this study. The overall prevalence of thyroid nodules was 36.9% (95% CI, 35.7%–38.1%; age- and sex-standardized prevalence 38.0% [95% CI, 37.0%–39.1%]). The prevalence of thyroid nodules in females (44.7% [95% CI, 43.4%–45.9%], age-standardized prevalence: 45.2% [95% CI, 44.1%–46.4%]) was significantly higher than that in males (29.9% [95% CI, 28.8%–31.0%], age-standardized prevalence 31.2% [95% CI, 30.1%–32.2%]; P < 0.001). The prevalence of thyroid nodules decreased from <18 to 25 years, while increased with age over 25 years old. The top three provinces with the highest prevalence of thyroid nodules were Jilin (47.6%), Liaoning (44.8%), and Shandong (43.9%), whereas Guizhou (23.9%), Chongqing (26.2%), and Shaanxi (26.4%) had the lowest prevalence. Females had more than 10% higher rates of thyroid nodules than males in all included provinces and regions, except for Tianjin (8.0%). Based on the geographical regions of China, the northeast had the highest prevalence (46.8% [95% CI, 44.1%–49.2%]), whereas northwest had the lowest prevalence (28.9% [95% CI, 26.9%–31.6%]. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors including age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins were significantly associated with the presence of thyroid nodules.

Conclusion

This study provides the first nationwide analysis of the prevalence of thyroid nodules in China. Our results showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodules was high in health screening Chinese people with regional-specific patterns.
Renal and Skeletal Anomalies in a Cohort of Individuals With Clinically Presumed Hereditary Nephropathy Analyzed by Molecular Genetic Testing
Authors: Stippel Michaela , Riedhammer Korbinian M. , Lange-Sperandio Bärbel , Geßner Michaela , Braunisch Matthias C. , Günthner Roman , Bald Martin , Schmidts Miriam , Strotmann Peter , Tasic Velibor , Schmaderer Christoph , Renders Lutz , Heemann Uwe , Hoefele Julia
Published: May 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood and adolescence occurs with a median incidence of 9 per million of the age-related population. Over 70% of CKD cases under the age of 25 years can be attributed to a hereditary kidney disease. Among these are hereditary podocytopathies, ciliopathies and (monogenic) congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). These disease entities can present with a vast variety of extrarenal manifestations. So far, skeletal anomalies (SA) have been infrequently described as extrarenal manifestation in these entities. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate a cohort of individuals with hereditary podocytopathies, ciliopathies or CAKUT, in which molecular genetic testing had been performed, for the extrarenal manifestation of SA.

Material and Methods: A cohort of 65 unrelated individuals with a clinically presumed hereditary podocytopathy (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome), ciliopathy (nephronophthisis, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, autosomal recessive/dominant polycystic kidney disease), or CAKUT was screened for SA. Data was acquired using a standardized questionnaire and medical reports. 57/65 (88%) of the index cases were analyzed using exome sequencing (ES).

Results: 8/65 (12%) index individuals presented with a hereditary podocytopathy, ciliopathy, or CAKUT and an additional skeletal phenotype. In 5/8 families (63%), pathogenic variants in known disease-associated genes (1x BBS1, 1x MAFB, 2x PBX1, 1x SIX2) could be identified.

Conclusions: This study highlights the genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability of hereditary nephropathies in respect of skeletal anomalies as extrarenal manifestation.
Genetic Analysis Using a Next Generation Sequencing-Based Gene Panel in Patients With Skeletal Dysplasia: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Lee Sae-Mi , Choi Jong-Moon , Jang Ja-Hyun , Kim Hyun Gi , Kim Jung-Taek , Cho Jae Ho , Sohn Young Bae
Published: May 2021

Skeletal dysplasia (SD), a heterogeneous disease group with rare incidence and various clinical manifestations, is associated with multiple causative genes. For clinicians, accurate diagnosis of SD is clinically and genetically difficult. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has substantially aided in the genetic diagnosis of SD. In this study, we conducted a targeted NGS of 437 genes – included in the nosology of SD published in 2019 – in 31 patients with a suspected SD. The clinical and genetic diagnoses were confirmed in 16 out of the 31 patients, and the diagnostic yield was 51.9%. In these patients, 18 pathogenic variants were found in 13 genes (COL2A1, MYH3, COMP, MATN3, CTSK, EBP, CLCN7, COL1A2, EXT1, TGFBR1, SMAD3, FIG4, and ARID1B), of which, four were novel variants. The diagnosis rate was very high in patients with a suspected familial SD and with radiological evidence indicating clinical SD (11 out of 15, 73.3%). In patients with skeletal involvement and other clinical manifestations including dysmorphism or multiple congenital anomalies, and various degrees of developmental delay/intellectual disability, the diagnosis rate was low (5 out of 16, 31.2%) but rare syndromic SD could be diagnosed. In conclusion, NGS-based gene panel sequencing can be helpful in diagnosing SD which has clinical and genetic heterogeneity. To increase the diagnostic yield of suspected SD patients, it is important to categorize patients based on the clinical features, family history, and radiographic evidence.
Zeolite-Loaded Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Cement-Based Materials for Efficient Degradation of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproduct Trichloroacetamide
Authors: Liao Gang , She Anming , Chu Wenhai , Zuo Junqing , Yao Wu
Published: May 2021

A two-step method was used to load TiO2 on a cement matrix, and zeolite was chosen as intermediate support. TiO2@Zeolite composite coated photocatalytic cement-based material (PCM) was prepared. Some advanced characterization technologies including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and BET specific surface area (SSA) test were applied to characterize the physicochemical properties of as-prepared PCM. Photocatalytic degradation of trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) was conducted to evaluate its photocatalytic efficiency. Results show that TiO2@Zeolite composite can improve the adsorption ability of PCM and TiO2 particles were dispersed on the surface of PCM homogeneously providing abundant active sites for photocatalytic reactions. Moreover, TiO2@Zeolite composite can reduce the negative effect of cement on TiO2. The synergetic effect of TiO2@Zeolite composite can remarkably improve the photocatalytic degradation rate, reaching up to 97.8%. TiO2@Zeolite composite coated PCM holds great promise to eliminate water pollution.
Recent Advances in Fluorescence Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury in Animal Models
Authors: Lu Fei , Cao Jiating , Su Qinglun , Zhao Qin , Wang Huihai , Guan Weijiang , Zhou Wenjuan
Published: May 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the top three specific neurological disorders, requiring reliable, rapid, and sensitive imaging of brain vessels, tissues, and cells for effective diagnosis and treatment. Although the use of medical imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the TBI detection is well established, the exploration of novel TBI imaging techniques is of great interest. In this review, recent advances in fluorescence imaging for the diagnosis and evaluation of TBI are summarized and discussed in three sections: imaging of cerebral vessels, imaging of brain tissues and cells, and imaging of TBI-related biomarkers. Design strategies for probes and labels used in TBI fluorescence imaging are also described in detail to inspire broader applications. Moreover, the multimodal TBI imaging platforms combining MRI and fluorescence imaging are also briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review will promote more studies on TBI fluorescence imaging, and enable its use for clinical diagnosis as early as possible, helping TBI patients get better treatment and rehabilitation.
How to Determine Accurate Conformational Ensembles by Metadynamics Metainference: A Chignolin Study Case
Authors: Paissoni Cristina , Camilloni Carlo
Published: May 2021

The reliability and usefulness of molecular dynamics simulations of equilibrium processes rests on their statistical precision and their capability to generate conformational ensembles in agreement with available experimental knowledge. Metadynamics Metainference (M&M), coupling molecular dynamics with the enhanced sampling ability of Metadynamics and with the ability to integrate experimental information of Metainference, can in principle achieve both goals. Here we show that three different Metadynamics setups provide converged estimate of the populations of the three-states populated by a model peptide. Errors are estimated correctly by block averaging, but higher precision is obtained by performing independent replicates. One effect of Metadynamics is that of dramatically decreasing the number of effective frames resulting from the simulations and this is relevant for M&M where the number of replicas should be large enough to capture the conformational heterogeneity behind the experimental data. Our simulations allow also us to propose that monitoring the relative error associated with conformational averaging can help to determine the minimum number of replicas to be simulated in the context of M&M simulations. Altogether our data provides useful indication on how to generate sound conformational ensemble in agreement with experimental data.
Homocysteine and Folic Acid: Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease—An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Qianwen , Zhao Jingjing , Chang Hongtao , Liu Xu , Zhu Ruixia
Published: May 2021

Background:Recent studies have reported that homocysteine (Hcy) may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study explored the relationship between the plasma Hcy and folate levels and the risk of dementia.

Methods:We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for published literature, including case-control studies and prospective cohort studies, and performed a systematic analysis.

Results:The results of our meta-analysis, consisting of case-control studies, showed higher levels of Hcy and lower levels of folate in dementia, AD, and VaD patients than those in non-demented controls (for dementia: SMD = 0.812, 95% CI [0.689, 0.936],p= 0.000 for Hcy; SMD = −0.677, 95% CI [−0.828, −0.525],p= 0.000 for folate). AD patients showed significantly lower plasma Hcy levels compared to VaD patients (SMD = −0.278, 95% CI [−0.466, −0.09],p= 0.000). Subgroup analysis revealed that ethnicity, average age, and dementia type had no significant effect on this association. Furthermore, from the analysis of prospective cohort studies, we identified that elevated plasma Hcy levels were associated with an increased risk of dementia, AD, and VaD (RRdementia= 1.22, 95% CI [1.08, 1.36]; RRAD= 1.07, 95% CI [1.04, 1.11]; RRVaD= 1.13, 95% CI [1.04, 1.23]). In addition, every 5 μmol/L increase in the plasma Hcy level was associated with a 9% increased risk of dementia and a 12% increased risk of AD.

Conclusion:Hcy and folic acid are potential predictors of the occurrence and development of AD. A better understanding of their function in dementia could provide evidence for clinicians to rationalize clinical intervention strategies.