bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The synergy of the XPO1 inhibitors combined with the BET inhibitor INCB057643 in high-grade B-cell lymphoma via downregulation of MYC expression
Authors: Deng Manman , Tan Jinshui , Fan Ziying , Pham Lan V. , Zhu Feng , Fang Xiaosheng , Zhao Haijun , Young Kenh , Xu Bing
Published: October 2023

High grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (HGBCL-DH) represents an uncommon B-cell lymphoma (BCL) with aggressive clinical courses and poor prognosis. Despite revolutionary therapeutic advances in BCL, there has been limited treatment progress in HGBCL-DH, thus necessitating additional therapeutic strategies for HGBCL-DH. This study demonstrated that the BET antagonist INCB057643 synergized with the XPO1 inhibitors (selinexor and eltanexor) to decrease cell viability and increase cell apoptosis in HGBCL-DH cells with or without TP53 mutations. As anticipated, the combined treatment of INCB057643 with selinexor slowed tumor growth and reduced the tumor burden in TP53-mutated HGBCL-DH xenografts. Mechanistically, MYC functional inhibition was a potential molecular mechanism underlying the synergy of the combined INCB057643 and selinexor treatment in HGBCL-DH cells independent of TP53 mutation status. In TP53 mutated HGBCL-DH cells, inducing DNA damage and impairing the DNA damage response (DDR) were involved in the therapeutic interaction of the combined regimen. In TP53 wild-type cells, the molecular mechanism was linked with upregulation of p53 levels and activation of its targeted pathways, rather than dysregulation of the DDR. Collectively, we might provide a potential promising combination therapy regimen for the management of HGBCL-DH. Clinical evaluations are warranted to confirm this conclusion.
Cross-linked multifunctional binder in situ tuning solid electrolyte interface for silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Lou Xiaofei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhao Li , Zhang Teng , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2023

Silicon is considered as the most promising anode material for high performance lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low working potential. However, severe volume expansion problems existing during the process of (de)intercalation which seriously hinders its commercial progress. Binder can firmly adhere silicon and conductive agent to the current collector to maintain the integrity of the electrode structure, thereby effectively alleviating the silicon volume expansion and realizing lithium-ion batteries with high electrochemical performance. In this paper, citric acid (CA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are adopted to construct a covalently crosslinked CA@CMC binder by an easy-to-scale-up esterification treatment. The Si@CA@CMC-1 electrode material shows an impressive initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) at 82.1% and after 510 cycles at 0.5 A/g, its specific capacity is still higher than commercial graphite. The excellent electrochemical performance of Si@CA@CMC-1 can be attributed to the ester bonds formed among CA@CMC binder and silicon particles. Importantly, by decoupling in situ EIS combining XPS at different cycles, it can be further proved that the CA@CMC binder can tune the component of SEI which provide a new-route to optimize the performance of silicon.
Lipidome and metabolome analyses reveal metabolic alterations associated with MCF-7 apoptosis upon 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment
Authors: Nishimoto Kazuki , Okahashi Nobuyuki , Maruyama Masaharu , Izumi Yoshihiro , Nakatani Kohta , Ito Yuki , Iida Junko , Bamba Takeshi , Matsuda Fumio
Published: October 2023

4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) is an anti-cancer drug that induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Although changes in lipid levels and mitochondrial respiration have been observed in OHT-treated cells, the overall mechanisms underlying these metabolic alterations are poorly understood. In this study, time-series metabolomics and lipidomics were used to analyze the changes in metabolic profiles induced by OHT treatment in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Lipidomic and metabolomic analyses revealed increases in ceramide, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol, and decreases in citrate, respectively. Gene expression analyses revealed increased expression of ATP-dependent citrate lyase (ACLY) and subsequent fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting that OHT-treated MCF-7 cells activate citrate-to-lipid metabolism. The significance of the observed metabolic changes was evaluated by co-treating MCF-7 cells with OHT and ACLY or a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitor. Co-treatment ameliorated cell death and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential compared to that in OHT treatment alone. The inhibition of cell death by co-treatment with an ACLY inhibitor has been observed in other breast cancer cell lines. These results suggest that citrate-to-lipid metabolism is critical for OHT-induced cell death in breast cancer cell lines.
Influence of macular pigment on the sensitivity to discomfort glare from daylight
Authors: Jain Sneha , Wienold Jan , Eandi Chiara , Gisselbaek Sara , Kawasaki Aki , Andersen Marilyne
Published: October 2023

Understanding the factors that influence the human perception of glare is necessary to properly address glare risks in buildings and achieve comfortable visual environments, especially in the workplace. Yet large inter-individual variabilities in glare perception remain unexplained and thus uncovered by the current empirical glare models. We hypothesize that this variability has an origin in the human retina, in particular in the density of macular pigments present in its central area, which varies between individuals. Macular pigments are known to absorb blue light and attenuate chromatic aberration, thus reducing light scatter. This study presents the outcomes of the first experiment ever conducted in a daylit office environment, in which glare sensitivity and macular pigment density were measured and compared for 110 young healthy individuals, along with other ocular parameters. The participants were exposed to different glare conditions induced by the sun filtered through either color-neutral or blue-colored glazing. In neutral daylight conditions with sun disc in the near periphery, neither macular pigment nor any other investigated ocular factors have an impact on discomfort glare perception whereas glare perception in conditions with the blue-colored sun disc in the near periphery was found to be correlated with macular pigment optical density.
Are the Brønsted acid sites in amorphous silica–alumina bridging?
Authors: Salvia William S. , Zhao Tommy Yunpu , Chatterjee Puranjan , Huang Wenyu , Perras Frédéric A.
Published: November 2023

The identity of the active sites in amorphous silica–alumina has been a hotly debated topic. Using selective isotope labeling and quantitative NMR distance measurements we confirmed that the active sites are indeed zeolitic bridging Brønsted sites.
Regulating the crystal and electronic structures and optical properties of hybrid bromoplumbates with alkylated N, S- or P-containing aromatic cations
Authors: Gao Cheng-Cheng , Tang Xue-Na , Miao Jing-Ling , Li Yu , Li Cuncheng , Liu Guang-Ning
Published: November 2023

Different alkylated benzothiazole and triphenylphosphine cations are used to adjust the optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of inorganic–organic hybrid bromoplumbates.
Magnetic semiconducting borophenes and their derivatives
Authors: Chen Bo , Xue Lin , Han Yan , Yang Zhi , Zhang Yong-Jia
Published: November 2023

Indirect exchange coupling may exist between boron triangular motifs and could lead to magnetic borophenes, boron nanotubes and borospherenes.
Towards skin-on-a-chip for screening the dermal absorption of cosmetics
Authors: Govey-Scotland Jessica , Johnstone Liam , Myant Connor , Friddin Mark S.
Published: November 2023

We explore how artificial cells and tissues could be designed, manufactured on-chip and 3D printed for use in place of ex vivo animal tissues when screening cosmetics for dermal absorption.
Impaired effect by NO synthase inhibition on tubuloglomerular feedback in rats after chronic renal denervation
Authors: Thorup C. , Kurkus J , Morsing P. , Ollerstam A. , Persson A. E. G.
Published: October 2023

Acute unilateral renal denervation (aDNX) is associated with reduced tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) sensitivity. Six days after denervation (cDNX) TGF sensitivity is somewhat restored, but TGF reactivity increased. This study aimed to investigate if the increased TGF reactivity that was seen in cDNX kidneys was owing to reduced production of nitric oxide (NO). TGF characteristics were determined with micropuncture experiments in anaesthetized rats, using the stop‐flow pressure (PSF) technique.
Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) 3 und 6 Monate nach pneumologischer
Post-COVID-Rehabilitation
Authors: Hayden Markus C. , Schuler Michael , Limbach Matthias , Schwarzl Gabriele , Stenzel Nikola , Nowak Dennis , Schultz Konrad
Published: November 2023

Ziel der Studie  Wenn teilhaberelevante COVID-19-Krankheitsfolgen
auch die Atmungsorgane (mit-)betreffen, wird in nationalen und internationalen
Leitlinien eine pneumologische Rehabilitation (PR) empfohlen. Bisher liegen
jedoch aus Deutschland keine Studien über den Verlauf nach PR vor,
ebenso wenig wie über mögliche Verlaufsunterschiede zwischen den
beiden Long-Covid-Subgruppen
„Fortwährend-symptomatische-COVID-19“ und
“Post-COVID-Syndrom” (PCS).

Methodik  In einer
prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurden Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs)
bezüglich Belastungsdyspnoe, Lebensqualität, Schmerz, Fatigue,
Depressivität und Angst zu PR-Beginn (T1), PR-Ende (T2) sowie nach 3
(T3) und 6 Monaten (T4) erfasst. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels
latenter Differenzenmodelle.

Ergebnisse  Es wurden 224
Rehabilitanden (MAlter=54,4; SDAlter=10,4;
42,0% weiblich) in die Studie eingeschlossen. Während der PR
verbesserten sich alle PROs signifikant. Nach der PR blieben die Verbesserungen
entweder mit großer Prä-Post-Effektstärke erhalten
(Belastungsdyspnoe, Lebensqualität), verringerten sich leichtgradig auf
kleine Prä-Post-Effektstärken (Depressivität, Fatigue)
oder reduzierten sich auf Ausgangsniveau (Angst, Schmerzen). PCS-Patienten
hatten zu T1 stärkere Belastungen in Depressivität, Fatigue und
Schmerzen, unterschieden sich aber nicht in den Verläufen. Indikatoren
der Schwere der vorausgegangenen akuten COVID-Phase (Sauerstofftherapie,
Behandlung auf Intensivstation, Beatmung) waren zu T1 mit höheren
Belastungen in Depressivität, Fatigue und Schmerzen assoziiert, aber
nicht mit den Verläufen während und nach der PR. Patientinnen
zeigten hingegen sowohl zu T1 höhere Belastungen in
Depressivität und Fatigue als auch höhere
Prä-Post-Effekte als männliche Patienten.

Schlussfolgerung  Verbesserungen in den PROs traten in beiden
Subgruppen nur während der PR, nicht jedoch im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum
auf. Dies legt nahe, dass die Veränderungen nicht durch den
natürlichen Heilungsverlauf, sondern zumindest teilweise durch die PR
bedingt sind. Überdies legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass beide
Patientengruppen von einer PR profitieren können. Verbesserungen
hinsichtlich Belastungsdyspnoe und Lebensqualität sowie in einem
reduzierten Ausmaß auch hinsichtlich Depressivität und Fatigue
persistierten bis 6 Monate nach der PR, allerdings nicht hinsichtlich Schmerzen
und Ängstlichkeit. Um diese Effekte aufrechtzuerhalten sind
möglicherweise zusätzliche multimodale Interventionen
erforderlich.
Enantioselective Sulfonation of Enones with Sulfinates by Thiourea/Tertiary-Amine Catalysis
Authors: Li Guang-xun , Zhao Jin-zhong , Wang Si-fan , Yan Ming , Shi Jin-yi
Published: November 2023

Chiral γ-keto sulfones are significant structures in both organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. Although there are many choices for obtaining racemic forms, only a few enantioselective methods have been reported. We have developed a simple way for obtaining chiral γ-keto sulfones in moderate yields and moderate enantiomeric ratios. Readily available sulfinates were directly used as substrates that could be converted into sulfinic acids by treatment with boric acid. The bifunctional catalyst forms a chiral ion pair with the sulfinic acid and controls the enantioselectivity of the sulfonation through hydrogen bonding.
Construction of Bibenzothiophenes through Oxidative C–H Cyclization with 1,3-Diynes
Authors: Yang Yudong , Chen Jingyi , Lei Tao , Wan Danyang
Published: November 2023

The development of concise and efficient methods to construct bithiophene derivatives is an appealing task in the fields of organic chemistry and organic functional materials. Herein, we summarize our recent efforts towards the development of catalytic oxidative C–H cyclization reactions of thiophenol derivatives with 1,3-diynes, which provides a straightforward and effective synthetic approach to both symmetrical and nonsymmetrical 3,3′-bibenzothiophenes. This work is expected to stimulate the application of catalytic oxidative C–H annulation of aromatics with 1,3-diynes for the exploitation of organic functional materials.
Clinical Features and Determinants of Coronary Artery Dilatation in Pediatric Patients with Complete and Incomplete Kawasaki Disease: A Single-Center Experience Over 15 Years in Hubei, China
Authors: Deng You-ping , Zan Yu-xing , Wang Xia , Xia Qiu , Liu Pin , Xiong Hai-rong , Zhao Dong-chi
Published: October 2023

Objective This study is aimed to elucidate age-associated clinical and echocardiography-defined coronary artery (CA) abnormalities features and to identify independent determinants of CA dilatation in pediatric patients with complete Kawasaki disease (cKD) and incomplete KD (iKD) over 15 years in a tertiary hospital in China.

Methods This study comprised 241 patients with KD hospitalized in the pediatric department between 2003 and 2018. Patients were divided into three groups according to age at diagnosis: ≤12, 13 to 35, and ≥36 months.

Results A total of 167 (69.3%) patients were defined as cKD (aged 24 months, male 60.5%) and 74 (30.7%) patients as iKD (aged 18 months, male 59.5%). The prevalence of cervical lymphadenopathy significantly increased with age in both cKD and iKD patients. In iKD patients, the prevalence of rash significantly decreased with age. CA dilatation most frequently occurred in patients with cKD and iKD aged ≤12 months. The absence of conjunctivitis or oral changes and higher serum creatinine levels were independent determinants of CA dilatation in KD patients aged ≤12 months, regardless of age, sex, and the type of KD.

Conclusion Present study underlines the age-stratified disease characteristics, and the factors associated with CA dilatation in cKD and iKD patients. The absence of conjunctivitis or oral changes, higher serum creatinine levels, and mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus, and adenovirus infections might be associated with an increased risk of CA dilatation in KD patients. These findings provide additional hints for pediatricians in the early diagnosis and treatment of KD, especially for individual medical care of cKD and iKD patients in different age groups.
Openness and age influence cognitive progression: a longitudinal study
Authors: Merlin Silvia Stahl , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: October 2023

Background Some psychological and personality characteristics of individuals seem to determine behavioral patterns that are associated with better health throughout life and, consequently, prevent the progression of early cognitive changes to dementia.

Objective To identify which individuals have modified cognitive ratings after 24 months of follow-up and correlating with personality traits.

Methods One hundred and two volunteers were evaluated clinically and for personality characteristics and neuropsychological testing. Of these, 25 subjects were classified as cognitively normal (CN), 25 as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 28 as nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI), and 24 as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (amMCI) at baseline. Follow-up occurred over 2 years from the initial assessment, and the cognitive categories of the participants were re-analyzed every 6 months to observe differences in their classification.

Results Out of the 102 subjects, 65 remained at follow-up. The sample followed-up longitudinally was composed predominantly of women (65%), white (74%), with a mean age of 78 (±7.5) years old and 12 (±4.8) years of schooling. Throughout the process, 23% of CN, 15% of SDC, and 27% of naMCI individuals worsened cognitively. Amnestic with mild cognitive impairment volunteers remained stable or improved. Individuals with older age show more significant cognitive deterioration, and those with very low or high rates of the openness personality trait are associated with cognitive decline utilizing the Fisher exact test, probably because the open extremes influence choices, stress management, and behavioral maintenance.

Conclusion The factors most associated with cognitive change in this group of older adults were age and the intensity of the openness aspects of personality.
Impact of a 36-hour Nonstop Training Course on Academic, Physical, and Mental Skills as well as Psychological Stress Perception in Cardiac Surgery Residents
Authors: Caldonazo Tulio , Kirov Hristo , Schneider Ulrich , Beckmann Andreas , W. K. , Weber Günter , Iglauer-Sander Regina , Färber Gloria , Doenst Torsten ,   and on behalf of all Strong GermaN HeaRTS Participants
Published: November 2023

Background Making the right decision in stressful situations is required for goal-oriented action in cardiac surgery. Current labor laws prevent residents to be subjected to situations that test their stress tolerance. These situations often occur only later in the career. We simulated such conditions in a structured non-stop 36-hour cardiac surgical training course and assessed the participant's performance.

Methods Fourteen advanced residents/junior staff surgeons were selected. The course was conducted in collaboration with the national antiterror police forces that provided coaching for teamplay, leadership, and responsibility awareness. The candidates attended graded and evaluated workshops/lectures and performed academic and surgical tasks. Psychological and surgical skill assessments were conducted at times 0, 12, 24, 36 hours.

Results Progressive reductions in individual motivation, associated with increased stress and irritability levels, worsening mood, and fatigue were observed. Long- and short-term memory functions were unaffected and practical surgical performance even increased over time.

Conclusion Among the candidates, 36 hours of sleep deprivation did not lead to relevant changes in the skills required from a cardiac surgeon in daily life. Importantly, group dynamics substantially improved during the course, suggesting advances in the perception of responsibility and teamwork.
Partially saturated granular flow in a rotating drum: The role of cohesion
Authors: Dong Mingrui , Wang Zhongzheng , Marks Benjy , Chen Yu , Gan Yixiang
Published: November 2023

Partially saturated granular flows are common in various natural and industrial processes, such as landslides, mineral handling, and food processing. We conduct experiments and apply the discrete element method to study granular flows in rotating drums under partially saturated conditions. We focus on varying the strength of cohesion (surface tension) and rotation rate within the modes of rolling flow and cascading flow. With an increase in surface tension, a rolling mode can possess a steeper slope and correspondingly needs a higher rotation rate to transition to a cascading. The depth of the flowing region increases with increasing cohesion, while the sensitivity is reduced for cases of high cohesion. We propose a dimensionless number CE that captures the combined effects of rotation, gravity, and cohesion on the dynamic angle of repose and flow depth. In addition, we extract statistical information on the formation of clusters within the flow. We find a power law relation between the cluster size distribution and its probability, which indicates that stronger cohesion can promote the formation of larger clusters, and we discuss how cohesion impact on flows manifested by cluster formation.
Dielectric exposed on DC-pulsed helium plasma jet: Hollow distribution of the surface electric field
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Chu Haobo , Xia Yang , Wang Yuxin
Published: November 2023

In this study, the electric field distribution on the dielectric surface exposed to helium atmospheric pressure plasma jets with varying operating parameters was investigated. The study considered the effect of applied voltage (7–10 kV), pulse width (0.9–150 μs), and rate (400–2000 sccm), with the investigation based on the Pockels effect. The results suggest that the surface electric field arises from the charge transfer by ionization waves and the expansion of surface discharges. The evolution of the electric field can be segmented into three phases: establishment, maintenance, and dissipation. The gas flow rate determines the mixing “boundary” between helium and air, and consequently affects the shape of the surface electric field distribution. At 400 sccm, the field structure exhibits a solid, elongated shape. At 800–1200 sccm, the field takes on a hollow-ring appearance, and at 1600–2000 sccm, it is presented as two channels. As the applied voltage increases, the surface discharge can be extended further, even surpassing the designated boundary. At 10 kV, the maximum surface electric field and total deposited charge are 5.9 kV/cm and 4.3 nC, respectively. At a fixed frequency of 5 kHz, changing the pulse width affects charging time. The maximum value of the surface electric field and the total deposited charge exhibits an initial increase followed by a decrease. Short pulses (0.9–2 μs) result in incomplete charge transfer, while long pulses (100–150 μs) form a “dark channel” of predominantly negative charge at falling edge of the pulse, which neutralizes the positive charge in the subsequent pulse. A pulse width of 20 μs allows complete charge transfer with less influence from the dark channel.
Microfluidic systems with a pulsating heat pipe
Authors: Priyadarsini Gampala Durga , Sankad Gurunath
Published: November 2023

This research addresses a critical issue in modern microelectronics, which arises from increased miniaturization and heat generation, necessitating effective temperature control. The study focuses on pulsatile heat pipes, offering a passive and highly efficient heat transfer solution by utilizing fluid and vapor phases within a closed capillary channel. To enhance temperature regulation, microfluidics are employed with integrated separation barriers to improve capacity and efficiency. Altering the flow pattern of liquid and vapor plugs through droplet generation may enhance thermal performance. The study demonstrates the accuracy of the heat transport model through mathematical and empirical data comparison, achieving a remarkable 90.9% accuracy and efficiency. Pulsatile flows, especially in microfluidic systems, exhibit advantages over steady flows, promising avenues for future physics-based research.
Impact of charged soft layers on electroosmosis of Maxwell fluids in soft nanochannels
Authors: Sin Jun-Sik , Ri Nam-Il , Kim Hyon-Chol , Hyon Sin-Hyok
Published: November 2023

In the present paper, we theoretically study the transient electroosmotic flow of general Maxwell fluids through the polyelectrolyte grafted nanochannel with a layered distribution of charges. By applying the method of Laplace transform, we semi-analytically obtain the transient electroosmotic flow from the Cauchy momentum equation and the Maxwell constitutive equation. For the nanochannels grafted with polyelectrolyte layers having different layered distributions of charges, we consider the influence of the dimensionless relaxation time, the dimensionless polyelectrolyte layer thickness, and the dimensionless drag coefficient on the transient electroosmotic flow. We present the results for some particular cases. First, we unravel that for the case of polyzwitterionic brush that the sum of positive and negative structural charges is zero, the total electroosmotic flow is non-zero. In particular, depending on charge distribution within the end part of polyelectrolyte layers, the direction of the electroosmotic flow can be reversed critically. Second, in order to quantitatively evaluate a reversal of electroosmotic flow for two polyelectrolyte layers of opposite signs, we introduce a critical number ks as the ratio between the layered charge densities of two polyelectrolyte layers. Increasing ks allows the electroosmotic flow to be reversed easily. We verify that adjusting charge distributions of the layer can intentionally control the direction of the flows as well as the strength of electroosmotic flow.
Particle sorting method based on swirl induction
Authors: Hu Shuai , Zhang Qin , Ou Zhiming , Dang Yanping
Published: November 2023

Fluid-based methods for particle sorting demonstrate increasing appeal in many areas of biosciences due to their biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness. Herein, we construct a microfluidic sorting system based on a swirl microchip. The impact of microchannel velocity on the swirl stagnation point as well as particle movement is analyzed through simulation and experiment. Moreover, the quantitative mapping relationship between flow velocity and particle position distribution is established. With this foundation established, a particle sorting method based on swirl induction is proposed. Initially, the particle is captured by a swirl. Then, the Sorting Region into which the particle aims to enter is determined according to the sorting condition and particle characteristic. Subsequently, the velocities of the microchannels are adjusted to control the swirl, which will induce the particle to enter its corresponding Induction Region. Thereafter, the velocities are adjusted again to change the fluid field and drive the particle into a predetermined Sorting Region, hence the sorting is accomplished. We have extensively conducted experiments taking particle size or color as a sorting condition. An outstanding sorting success rate of 98.75% is achieved when dealing with particles within the size range of tens to hundreds of micrometers in radius, which certifies the effectiveness of the proposed sorting method. Compared to the existing sorting techniques, the proposed method offers greater flexibility. The adjustment of sorting conditions or particle parameters no longer requires complex chip redesign, because such sorting tasks can be successfully realized through simple microchannel velocities control.
Computer modeling of thermotransport in a uniform binary liquid solution with equimolar n-alkane mixtures
Authors: Zhong Jun , Xu Shenghua
Published: November 2023

By means of molecular dynamics (MD), two novel methods, a thermal mean-path that may outline temperature profiles effectively in the MD system and a modified coarse-grained force field potential (the MCG-FFP) that may depict inter/intra-molecular interactions fairly well among n-alkane species, are employed to simulate a thermotransport process in a uniform liquid solution with two equimolar n-pentane (nC-5) and n-decane (nC-10) mixtures. In addition, all the MD simulations are running under two constraints: a weak thermal gradient exerting on the MD system from its hot through cold boundary sides and the standard-state acting on the MD system from its outer environment. During the whole MD simulations, coefficients of thermal diffusion and mass mutual diffusion, and the Soret coefficient (SC) for the MD system are calculated by using the MCG-FFP. As a result, the MD simulations indicate that nC-5 species with light molar-mass would migrate toward the hot boundary region, while nC-10 species with heavy molar-mass would migrate toward the cold one. Coefficients calculated from the MCG-FFP are found to meet relevant experimental outputs fairly well. Furthermore, an empirical formula developed by means of relevant continuum methods is used for calculating coefficients of mass mutual diffusion in solutions mixing with multimolar nC-5 and nC-10 species. Its one output is found to corroborate pretty well with that from the MD simulations. This may expect that such the formula would perform universally when characterizing properties of mass mutual diffusion in binary liquid solutions with other multimolar alkane mixtures in the petroleum engineering.
Optimizing chaotic frequency electric fields for deformation analysis of droplets based on numerical modeling
Authors: Gong Haifeng , Fang Yuan , Peng Ye , Zhang Youyu , Huo Chen , Yu Bao , Yin Hong , Wang Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2023

Chaotic pulse group (CPG) electric field has already been proposed to achieve demulsification of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions; however, the electric field parameters of the CPG electric field for efficient demulsification of emulsions are unknown. Therefore, in this study, the numerical model of droplet deformation under the action of electric field was established by coupling the flow field and electric field, and the effectiveness of the model was verified by comparing with the experimental results. In the numerical model, the electric field parameters are optimized by droplet deformation; moreover, the influence of surface tension and oil viscosity on the optimal electric field parameters is discussed; the deformation of droplets under the optimized CPG electric field was analyzed. The results show that when the droplet radius is 1 mm, the optimal electric field strength is 612 kV/m, the optimal pulse width is 0.023 s, and the optimal pulse rest width is 0.017 s. The increase in interfacial tension leads to the increase in optimal electric field strength, and the decrease in optimal pulse width and pulse rest width. The increase in oil viscosity leads to an increase in the optimal electric field parameters. With the increase in interfacial tension and oil viscosity, their influence on the deformation of droplets gradually decreases. Droplets of different sizes could find their own optimal electric field parameters in the CPG electric field, so as to achieve the maximum deformation. The results provide valuable guidance for the selection of electric field parameters in CPG electric field industrial applications.
Appraisal of TIP4P-type models at water surface
Authors: Yamaguchi Shoichi , Takayama Tetsuyuki , Otosu Takuhiro
Published: November 2023

In view of the current situation in which non-polarizable rigid water models have been scarcely examined against surface-specific properties, we appraise TIP4P-type models at the liquid water surface on the basis of heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation (HD-SFG) spectroscopy. We find in the HD-SFG spectrum of the water surface that the peak frequency of the hydrogen-bonded OH band, the half width at half maximum of the hydrogen-bonded OH band, and the full width at half maximum of the free OH band are best reproduced by TIP4P, TIP4P/Ew, and TIP4P/Ice, respectively, whereas it is already well known that TIP4P/2005 best reproduces the surface tension. These TIP4P-type models perform better at the water surface in terms of the present appraisal items than some polarizable models in the literature.
Opinion cascade under perception bias in social networks
Authors: Yu Hao , Xue Bin , Zhang Jianlin , Liu Run-Ran , Liu Yu , Meng Fanyuan
Published: November 2023

Opinion cascades, initiated by active opinions, offer a valuable avenue for exploring the dynamics of consensus and disagreement formation. Nevertheless, the impact of biased perceptions on opinion cascade, arising from the balance between global information and locally accessible information within network neighborhoods, whether intentionally or unintentionally, has received limited attention. In this study, we introduce a threshold model to simulate the opinion cascade process within social networks. Our findings reveal that consensus emerges only when the collective stubbornness of the population falls below a critical threshold. Additionally, as stubbornness decreases, we observe a higher prevalence of first-order and second-order phase transitions between consensus and disagreement. The emergence of disagreement can be attributed to the formation of echo chambers, which are tightly knit communities where agents’ biased perceptions of active opinions are lower than their stubbornness, thus hindering the erosion of active opinions. This research establishes a valuable framework for investigating the relationship between perception bias and opinion formation, providing insights into addressing disagreement in the presence of biased information.
Experimental investigations on flow characteristics of impingement/swirl cooling structures inside a blade leading edge
Authors: Han Feng , Wang Lingyang , Pu Haotian , Mao Junkui
Published: November 2023

Experimental investigations were conducted to study the flow characteristics of impingement/swirl cooling structures inside a turbine-blade leading edge (LE) using particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number (Re) was maintained at either 10 000 or 20 000. The effects of Re and the ratio of the impingement-cooling (IC) hole offset distance to the IC hole diameter (e/d) on the flow phenomena and the characteristics of the impingement/swirl cooling structures inside the blade LE were analyzed. The effects of the coolant-outflow mode were also taken into consideration. The results show that when e/d = 0, the diffusion flow of the impingement jet moves more to the side of the LE with a larger rounded corner, and this phenomenon is particularly obvious at Re = 20 000. Regardless of the e/d value, both the impingement-jet velocity and vorticity increase significantly at a higher Re value. The velocity of the impingement jet reaching the internal impingement target surface of the LE decreases significantly as e/d is changed from 1.5 to −1.5 with Re = 20 000. Generally speaking, regardless of the e/d value, the impingement jet can form a swirling vortex on the side with the larger rounded corner. Under the conditions of Re = 20 000 and e/d = 1.5, regardless of the coolant-outflow mode, the flow velocity of the impingement jet decreases monotonically along the flow direction, and this is more obvious inside the LE model without film-cooling holes.
Construction of prognostic risk markers for cervical cancer combined with anoikis-related genes and their clinical significance
Authors: Zhang Junmei , Tian Yanni
Published: October 2023

Context Several studies have demonstrated that anoikis affects the development, metastasis and prognosis of cancer. Aims This study aimed to identify anoikis-related marker genes in cervical cancer (CC). Methods Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) combined with Cox regression analysis was used to construct a prognostic model and analyse the independent prognostic ability of riskscore. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and survival curves were used to evaluate and verify the performance and accuracy of the model. The nomogram of CC prognostic model was drawn using riskscore combined with clinical information. We analysed the relationship between prognostic riskscore and immune infiltration level and analysed immunophenoscore. Finally, qRT-PCR assay was used to verify the feature genes. Key results By Cox analysis, we found that the prognostic risk model could effectively predict the risk of CC in patients independently of other clinical factors. Both the levels of immune infiltration and the immunophenoscore were significantly lower in high-risk CC patients than those in low-risk patients, revealing that high-risk patients were likely to have bad response to immunotherapy. The qRT-PCR results of the feature genes were consistent with the results of gene expression in the database. Conclusions The prognostic model constructed, based on anoikis-related genes in CC, could predict the prognosis of CC patients. Implications The model described here can provide effective support for assessing prognostic risk and devising personalised protocols during clinical treatment.
Chirp Compensation for Generating Ultrashort Attosecond Pulses with 800-nm Few-Cycle Pulses
Authors: Wang 王 Li 力 , Wang 王 Xiaowei 小伟 , Xiao 肖 Fan 凡 , Wang 王 Jiacan 家灿 , Tao 陶 Wenkai 文凯 , Zhang 张 Dongwen 栋文 , Zhao 赵 Zengxiu 增秀
Published: November 2023

We show that it is feasible to generate sub-40-attosecond pulses with near-infrared few-cycle pulses centered at 800 nm. With proper gating technique, super-broadband continuum spectrum extending from 50 eV to above 200 eV can be obtained, and the intrinsic atto-chirp can be satisfactorily compensated with C filter, producing isolated attosecond pulses with duration of 33 as. According to the wavelength scaling law of high-order harmonic generation, the proposed scheme is of great significance to develop high-flux ultrashort attosecond sources.
A comet's tale
Authors: Watson S , Scott C
Published: November 2023

Do you observe comets? If so, Sarah Watson and Chris Scott would like to see your images of comets interacting with solar wind structures, in order to test and refine model predictions.
Hyper-heuristic algorithm for traffic flow-based vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Jinlong , Zhang Jingling
Published: October 2023

To address the realistic problem of seriously reducing distribution efficiency and increasing distribution cost caused by road traffic congestion, this paper constructs a time-dependent speed describing vehicle travel speed and road traffic flow by simulating the change of urban traffic flow, to establish a vehicle route problem model considering traffic flow with distribution cost and customer satisfaction as optimization objectives. To solve this problem, a hyper-heuristic algorithm based on tabu search is designed in this paper, in which the underlying search operator is selected more efficiently by a high-level heuristic strategy. In addition, the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm are verified by conducting simulation experiments on several benchmark sets. Experiment results are shown as the travel speed of the vehicle increases, the average customer satisfaction in lc1-type instances increases to 0.94. And the impact of urban traffic changes on logistics costs and customer satisfaction is further analyzed.
The principle of solidarity and hydrogen markets in the European Union
Authors: Wende Susanne
Published: October 2023

With the OPAL-Judgment, the CJEU stated very clearly that the principle of solidarity—implemented in Article 194 TFEU with reference to a ‘spirit of solidarity between Member States’—has legally binding effect on EU institutions and EU Member States in the field of energy law. This ruling marks the end of a long and controversial academic discussion on the nature of the solidarity principle. At the same time, the ruling is just the beginning of further legal research on what exactly the content of the obligations and possible conflicts with Member States sovereignty under Article 194(2) TFEU is. The following article analyses the effects of the principle of energy solidarity on the nascent regulatory framework on hydrogen markets in the European Union (EU). It is common sense that those markets shall evolve swiftly to achieve emission reduction goals. There is no European regulation on pure hydrogen markets in force yet, but some EU Member States have already taken legislative action. Against this background, the article will particularly assess the impact of the principle of solidarity on national measures regarding network planning and hydrogen import.
Comparing the virulence of four major clades of Candida auris strains using a silkworm infection model: Clade IV isolates had higher virulence than the other clades
Authors: Kurakado Sanae , Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Sugita Takashi
Published: October 2023

Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that is feared to spread of infection because of its propensity for multidrug resistance and high mortality rate. This pathogenic yeast is classified into four major clades by phylogenetic analyses, which are referred to the South Asia clade (clade I), East Asia clade (clade II), South Africa clade (clade III), and South America clade (clade IV), based on the location of the initial isolate. In this study, we evaluated the virulence of C. auris strains belonging to four major clades and the therapeutic effects of micafungin in a silkworm infection model. The highest mortality rate at 21 h after C. auris inoculation was observed for strains from clade IV (80% or more). In contrast, it was 20% or less in those from other clades. Antifungal susceptibility tests indicated resistance to fluconazole and sensitivity to echinocandins in the blood-derived strains. Micafungin prolonged the survival of blood-derived C. auris infected silkworms. These results suggest that the silkworm infection model is useful for evaluating the virulence of C. auris and determining its therapeutic effects.
Aneurysms
Authors: Gruber A , Richling B
Published: November 2023

Intracranial aneurysms (from the Greek ana, across and eurys, broad) have been studied in several general autopsy series. Although the prevalence of unruptured aneurysms in the general Western population is unknown, most autopsy studies have estimated the prevalence at 2 to 5 per cent (Chason and Hindman 1958; de la Monte et al. 1985; Di Bonito and Giarelli 1975). In the largest series so far, Jellinger (1979) found intracranial aneurysms in 1.6 per cent of 87 772 autopsies. Fewer than half of the aneurysms discovered at autopsy have ruptured (McCormick and Acosta-Rua 1970).
Vascular malformations of the head and neck
Authors: Hirsch J A , Choi I-S
Published: November 2023

This chapter considers vascular lesions of the extracranial tissues of the head and neck. Lesions will be discussed individually with emphasis placed on those lesions that have the potential for treatment by neurointerventionalists. Epistaxis will be considered in this chapter and emphasis will be placed on its idiopathic causes; tumours that may present with bleeding will be covered in Chapter 11. The angiographic work-up and interventional approaches to treatment will be described. Cervical arterial venous fistulas, apart from carotid cavernous fistulas, will also be dis- cussed and special attention paid to vertebrovenous and external carotid artery branch fistulas. Carotid cavernous fistulas are covered in detail elsewhere.
Indo-European Origins of Germanic Syntax
Authors: Kiparsky Paul
Published: November 2023

In accord with the standard analysis I assume that verb-second and verb-first order in Germanic1 is derived by movement of the finite verb to a.vacant C0 position (den Besten (1983)).2 I shall argue that in English and in the early Germanic languages the Specifier of CP is a focus position, which hosts whphrases, demonstratives, and negation. This specifier position can in turn be preceded by a topicalized/left dislocated element adjoined to CP; if it is an NP, it must bind a resumptive pronoun in the clause. In addition, constituents can be topicalized by adjunction to S.
Breaking Precedents and Reaffirming Old Ones 933-1961)
Authors: Caroli Betty Boyd
Published: November 2023

Even before the 1932 presidential election, Eleanor Roosevelt (1933-1945) made clear that she meant to break some precedents if her husband won. Just how much she was responding to the special urgency of the Great Depression remains unclear. Perhaps she would have been just as active and innovative a First Lady if her husband had presided over a prosperous nation. But most Americans in 1933 were neither prosperous nor optimistic. The previous summer, midwestern farmers, disgusted by the low prices they were receiving, dumped their milk. Then thousands of jobless veterans marched to Washington and set up camps of shacks and tents, dubbed Hoovervilles. By the time Franklin Roosevelt took his oath of office in March 1933, many of the country’s banks had closed and business halted. Young children in the largest cities learned to walk past furniture, sidewalk-stored, of their dispossessed neighbors and to expect that one day they would return from school to find their own things there.
The Turbulent Sixties
Authors: Caroli Betty Boyd
Published: November 2023

In February 1960, when the field of likely nominees for that year’s presidential election had narrowed to five, Newsweek compared the men’s wives and predicted that one of them would preside over the White House in the next four years. As it turned out, two of them did; and before the decade ended, three of the five had served as First Lady. With very different personalities and priorities, each carved out an individual response to a turbulent period in American history-one of exhilaration, then questioning and delusion as attention turned from space exploration and the Peace Corps to John Kennedy’s assassination and then to Vietnam. In less than a decade, the style of First Ladies changed too, so that campaigning became a requirement instead of an option. Acting as White House hostess dropped as a priority; spearheading substantive reforms rose. In short, the president’s wife moved out of the society columns and on to the front page.
Community-Based Careers and Economic Virtue: Arming, Disarming, and Rearming the Springfield, Western Massachusetts, Metalworking Region
Authors: Best Michael H , Forrant Robert
Published: November 2023

With the occurrence of a dramatic downsizing of big corporations, the opportunity for a life-long career within one company is increasingly unrealistic. What are the alternatives? In this chapter, we explore the idea of a community-based career, in which members of an industrial community, over a lifetime, may work for or manage a series of loosely coupled or networked small and medium-sized enterprises within a geographical region.
Seeking a Friendly and Cooperative Merger
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane
Published: November 2023

As the preceding chapters have demonstrated, mergers and acquisitions can challenge even the most adept managers. Some of the best combinations require enormous amounts of goodwill, cooperation, and planning. Consider the recent acquisition of Netscape by America Online. Netscape, the pioneer in Internet access, employed some of the brightest minds in the software industry. AOL was best known for providing access to users who are largely computer illiterate. However, at the time of the deal, AOL was moving in the direction of technological sophistication and Netscape had been having problems due to Microsoft’s strong competitive position. The companies needed each other, yet industry observers were concerned that a combination would scare away many of the talented minds that were Netscape’s greatest strength.1
Achieving Integration and Synergy
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane
Published: November 2023

Based in Paris, France, Alcatel is the world’s fourth largest telecommunications manufacturer. Operating in over 130 countries, Alcatel provides “complete solutions and services to operators, service providers, enterprises and consumers, ranging from backbone networks to user terminals.”1 Until recently, the firm had a relatively small presence in the United States. Because of this market’s growth potential, Alcatel executives chose to execute a corporate-level strategy that requires the company to develop a more prominent position in the United States. Acquisitions are a principal means through which this objective is to be reached. Analysts believe that this strategy demonstrates Alcatel’s desire to leverage its current core competencies with closely controlled technologies and to be able to build products in its own facilitates that it had been purchasing from other networking companies.2