bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Schistosma heamatobium among Orphanage Children Attending Jarma UK Orphanage Home and Bakin Gulbi Primary School Sokoto
Authors: Mohammed Kabiru , Francis H. Paul , Kwaifa Ibrahim Kalle
Published: March 2023

Urinary schistosomiasis or Bilharzia caused by fluke worm Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) is one of the seventeen (17) neglected tropical diseases associated with serious health problems and morbidities. It affects over 200 million people globally with an estimated death rate of more than 200, 000 annually and very common in Sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of S. haematobium and provide epidemiological data in part of Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 202 consenting participants, using both male and female attending Jarma Uk Orphanage home and Bakin Gulbi primary school. Detection and evaluation were done using Gold Standard Microscopy and commercially available Rapid Detection Test strips. Statistical analysis was carried out using a statistical package (SPSS version 26). A prevalence of 34(16.8%) among 202 from gold standard microscopy and 13(6.4%) circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) were obtained. High infection risk was observed among participant on swimming as a recreational activity 32(15.8%) at p<0.046 A gender prevalence of 26 (12.87%) and 8 (3.96%) at p<0.067 from male and female respectively were obtained. Female at the age group 11-15 had 27 (13.36%), and those with agriculture as recreational activity had the least infection risk 2(0.99%). This study showed that CCA has a less sensitivity and specificity than gold standard microscopy.
Two Cases of Primary Reshaped Hydatid Cysts Mimicking Digestive Solid Cystic Masses
Authors: Bachar Amine , Jamaleddine Khalid , Lamnaouar Abderrahmane , Elabbassi Taoufik , Lefriyekh Mohamed Rachid
Published: March 2023

Hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitic infection that usually affects the lungs and liver but can occur in any organ. Peritoneal hydatidosis occurs in 5-16% of patients and can present with diverse clinical symptoms, often leading to misleading paraclinical exam results. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment option, and prevention measures are implemented to protect susceptible populations. We present two cases of primary reshaped hydatid cysts mimicking digestive solid cystic masses, which were resected and found to be remodeled hydatid cysts on anatomopathological examination. The primary form of peritoneal hydatidosis is rare and can be confused with other cystic or pseudo-cystic masses of the peritoneum. Hydratic serology, while useful, is losing interest due to its delay in diagnosis, and surgery is the preferred therapeutic option. Recurrence is possible, making it necessary to implement preventive actions to interrupt the parasite's life cycle. Distant follow-up is necessary to monitor the patient's condition for up to 5 years.
Screening of NCLB Disease and QTLs Mapping in Zea mays
Authors: Srivastava R. P. , Singh Rajesh , Sarma B. K. , Kumar Saket , Varma A. , Verma P. K.
Published: March 2023

Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB) is a foliar disease, caused by a fungal pathogen (Setosphaeria turcica) that damages maize crop due to heavy losses in every year. A study was conducted for NCLB and identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in maize. Mapping population F2:3 families was developed involving two inbreds viz CM 212 (susceptible) & CM 145 (resistant).The F2:3 families mapping population was evaluated in two environments (BHU, Varanasi and Nagenahalli, Mandya) for resistance to NCLB. In the polymorphic survey about 360 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer used between two parents (CM 212 & CM 145)and identified 54 polymorphic markers. Data was recorded for disease severity traits viz Percent Disease Index (PDI), Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) based on PDI, Lesion Area, AUDPC based on lesion area in QTL Mapping. The QTLs were identified interestingly, on 4th chromosome viz: 4.03/4.05, 4.08/4.1, 4/4.07 and 4.08/4.1 from observed disease severity in both environments. The initially two QTLs (QTL-1 & QTL-2) detected with trait Percent Disease Index and other two (QTL 3 & QTL 4) detected with AUDPC based on PDI.
Assessment of Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety & Stress among Medical Students
Authors: Kataria Lakhan , Patel Nisheet , Bhatt Jahnavi , Shah Dharmin , Raval Dhruv
Published: March 2023

Aims: To Assess Depressive, Anxiety & Stress related symptoms and their correlation with sociodemographic factors amongst recently enrolled medical students.

Study Design:  Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Recently enrolled 275 Medical students attending University between June 2022 and September 2022.

Methodology: Study conducted among recently enrolled 275 Medical students. After taking their prior informed consent through online form shared through WhatsApp group, they were given to fill online questionnaire to collect sociodemographic factors in English made using PsyToolkit software. It also contains Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), which was used to collect information on depressive, anxiety, and stress related symptoms.

Results: Prevalence of depressive symptoms is 68.4%, anxiety symptoms are 78.2% and stress related symptomsis 33.1% among medical students. Depressive, anxiety and stress related symptoms were statistically significantly associated with peer and family pressure to join study-stream (p-value of <.01 for all three) and history of mental health issues in family (p-value=.01 for all three). In addition, depressive symptoms were statistically significantly associated with poor peer-relationship (p-value=.01) and unsatisfaction regarding admission (p-value=.04); and stress related symptoms was statistically significantly associated with unsatisfaction regarding admission (p-value=.03).

Conclusion: Prevalence of depressive, anxiety & stress related symptoms among recently enrolled medical students are high providing insight into needed improvement of psychological wellbeing in them; which could potentially have a positive impact upon their quality of life & patient care.
Sleep in Elite Ultrarunners: A Look into Athlete Health
Authors: Thornton Owen R.
Published: March 2023

This literature review thoroughly examines the current research on sleep in elite ultrarunners. While the importance of sleep for athletes is well-established, the unique challenges that ultrarunners face regarding sleep have not yet been extensively explored. The review delves into the specific sleep patterns, habits, and disorders of ultrarunners, and the impact of sleep on their performance, as well as exploring strategies for improving sleep in this population. By synthesizing the existing literature, this review underscores the importance of sleep for athlete health and performance, particularly in the context of ultrarunning. It fills an important gap in the current research and provides valuable insights for athletes, coaches, and researchers seeking to optimize athletic performance in the context of sleep. In conclusion, optimizing sleep hygiene is essential for athletic performance, including for ultrarunners who face unique physical and mental demands. Healthcare providers and coaches should prioritize efforts to promote healthy sleep habits and identify and treat sleep disorders promptly to optimize athletic performance and prevent injury.
Research the Instrument of Karl Fischer Titration How to Detect the Moisture Content from Transformer Insulating Oil
Authors: Lin Ming-Jong
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on the monitoring and control of the moisture content from the transformer insulating oil. When its moisture content exceeds the standard value, it will endanger the normal operation of the equipment and cause accidents. Research on how the moisture content penetrates into the insulating oil of the transformer. How to diagnose the moisture content is an important issue under the premise of affecting hidden worries about the quality of power supply？ Currently, there are three types of moisture content detecting: "visual", "calcium carbide method" and "liquid chromatography." This article will use the most accurate and effective "liquid chromatography", also referred to as "Karl Fischer coulometric titration" or "ASTM D6304-20", as the vertical axis and "monitoring and control" as the horizontal axis to analyze and discuss the moisture of generation in transformer insulating oil and detection methods to compose throughout them for an article. When the detecting oil sample has measured without contamination under normal procedures which has 30 to 35 ppm of moisture content, it is judged as a passing standard by ASTM D6304-20. If it exceeds standard level, the transformer equipment must be shut down for being deal with. To pay more attention on the item for detection of moisture content in insulating oil, so be doing that the transformer - related electrical accident failure which will be what It will not happen again similar accidents caused by moisture content. In addition to being a reference for maintenance technicians of substation equipment, this article can effectively monitor the moisture content inside the transformer to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

Detection Methods: the principle of the Karl Fisher Titration detection method is to employ the reaction of chemical between iodine (I2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), and then absorb all the water (2H2O) from the insulating oil, while the chemical reaction produces sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrogen iodide (2HI), so by doing to diagnose the moisture content in parts per million (ppm) of the oil sample.

Detection Purpose: To explain "the Instrument of Karl Fischer Titration How to Detect the Moisture Content from Transformer Insulating Oil.”

Detection Effectiveness: The most accurate and effective method of liquid chromatography, also known as Karl Fisher Titration which is employed for power companies.
Experience of Child Drivers of the Blind: Cases Observed on the Streets of the City of Kisangani in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Authors: Napoléon Bolamba Ngalili , Dieudonné Mokakando Moyangombe , Alain Balimo Limbele , Antoine Ependja Towaka , Emakanya Briston Mongita Esol’e
Published: March 2023

Child drivers of the blind are the concern of many pioneers in social paediatrics. These children live a life dependent on the blind. Less publicised and more difficult to count in official reports, the exploitation of children by their parents is a real scourge in Africa. Begging on the streets for the benefit of adults involves major risks for the hygiene and health of minors - sometimes newborns - and keeps them further away from school. This is a situation that should worry the political and administrative authorities. This work proposes to determine the experiences child drivers of the blind in the city of Kisangani with a view to promoting the right of the child. To collect the data, this qualitative study used unstructured interviews with a casual sample of six child drivers of the blind available and accessible. We found that child drivers of the blind are forced to beg for their livelihoods. Their schooling and the satisfaction of their basic needs as well as those of their families depend on the income they find in begging. Thus, the need to put into perspective the living conditions of child drivers of the blind in order to determine the most appropriate responses to their socio-economic conditions.
Is Routine Histologic Examination of the Pilonidal Sinus Required? A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Aljohani Emad , Alshieban Saeed , Albuthi Saud , Breakeit Sarah , Hassain Ikram , Alanazi Abdulrahman , Alotaibi Abdullah , Hijan Eyad
Published: March 2023

Objective

To assess whether routine histopathologic examination of the pilonidal sinus is necessary.

Background

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is an acquired condition of the hair follicles and is thought to be an obstruction of the infundibulum of a hair follicle. The follicle enlarges and ruptures, causing secondary infection, the development of fistulae and abscesses, and other complications.

Methods

This is a retrospective study including all patients who had pilonidal sinus excision from January 2015 to December 2021 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A review of pathologic slides took place in the Department of Pathology, and the chart review was conducted in the Department of Surgery through patients' electronic medical records.

Results

All of the excised sinuses (100%) were benign, and none of the patients in the study population had any cancerous lesions. Approximately 90% of the patients had no history of recurrence, and 84.8% had no history of surgical abscess drainage. With respect to the histopathologic subtype of a benign sinus, the most common type was chronic inflammation, followed by granulation and fibrosis.

Conclusions

This study's findings reveal that none of the patients were diagnosed as having malignancy after excision of the pilonidal sinus. However, the findings reveal no need for performing an unnecessary histopathologic examination unless someone is at risk of developing cancer based on whether they have palpable lymph nodes and a history of recurrence.
Anticipating the Future of Health and Medicine—The National Academy of Medicine Prepares for Its Next 50 Years
Authors: Dzau Victor J.
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint from the president of the National Academy of Medicine looks back at the academy’s accomplishments and looks forward to the possibilities it hopes to achieve to better medicine and society.
Association Between Pharmaceutical Industry Marketing Payments to Physicians and Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Administration to Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Uppal Nishant , Anderson Timothy S.
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses the physician and financial factors associated with the use of hyaluronic acid to treat knee osteoarthritis.
Assessment of Patient Education Delivered at Time of Hospital Discharge
Authors: Trivedi Shreya P. , Corderman Sara , Berlinberg Elyse , Schoenthaler Antoinette , Horwitz Leora I.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Patient education at time of hospital discharge is critical for smooth transitions of care; however, empirical data regarding discharge communication are limited.

Objective

To describe whether key communication domains (medication changes, follow-up appointments, disease self-management, red flags, question solicitation, and teach-back) were addressed at the bedside on the day of hospital discharge, by whom, and for how long.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This quality improvement study was conducted from September 2018 through October 2019 at inpatient medicine floors in 2 urban, tertiary-care teaching hospitals and purposefully sampled patients designated as “discharge before noon.” Data analysis was performed from September 2018 to May 2020.

Exposures

A trained bedside observer documented all content and duration of staff communication with a single enrolled patient from 7 am until discharge.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Presence of the key communication domains, role of team members, and amount of time spent at the bedside.

Results

Discharge days for 33 patients were observed. Patients had a mean (SD) age of 63 (18) years; 14 (42%) identified as White, 15 (45%) were female, and 6 (18%) had a preferred language of Spanish. Thirty patients were discharged with at least 1 medication change. Of these patients, 8 (27%) received no verbal instruction on the change, while 16 of 30 (53%) were informed but not told the purpose of the changes. About half of the patients (15 of 31, 48%) were not told the reason for follow-up appointments, and 18 of 33 (55%) were not given instructions on posthospital disease self-management. Most patients (27 of 33, 81%) did not receive guidance on red-flag signs. While over half of the patients (19 of 33, 58%) were asked if they had any questions, only 1 patient was asked to teach back his understanding of the discharge plan. Median (IQR) total time spent with patients on the day of discharge by interns, senior residents, attending physicians, and nurses was 4.0 (0.75-6.0), 1.0 (0-2.0), 3.0 (0.5-7.0), and 22.5 (15.5-30.0) minutes, respectively. Most of the time was spent discussing logistics rather than discharge education.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this quality improvement study, patients infrequently received discharge education in key communication domains, potentially leaving gaps in patient knowledge. Interventions to improve the hospital discharge process should address the content, method of delivery, and transparency among team members regarding patient education.
Gender Disparity in National Institutes of Health Funding Among Surgeon-Scientists From 1995 to 2020
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Gonzalez Luis , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Ahuja Nita , Pomahac Bohdan , Newman Ashley , Cannon Ashley , Zarebski Shenika A. , Dardik Alan , Boatright Dowin
Published: March 2023

Importance

Surgical diseases account for approximately 30% of the global burden of disease. Gender diversity in biomedical research is critical to generate innovative patient-centered research in surgery.

Objective

To examine the distribution of biomedical research funding by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) among women and men surgeon-scientists during a 25-year period.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used publicly available data from the NIH RePORTER (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools: Expenditures and Results) database for research project grants awarded to women and men surgeon-scientists who were principal investigators between 1995 and 2020. Data were retrieved between January 20 and March 20, 2022. The representation of women surgeon-scientists among academic surgeons was compared with the representation of men surgeon-scientists over time.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Distribution of NIH funding to women and men surgeon-scientists was examined via 2 metrics: holding a large-dollar (ie, R01-equivalent) grant and being a super principal investigator (SPI) with $750 000 or more in total annual research funding. Statistical analysis was performed between April 1 and August 31, 2022.

Results

Between 1995 and 2020, 2078 principal investigator surgeons received funding from the NIH. The proportion of women academic surgeons who were surgeon-scientists remained unchanged during this same period (1995, 14 of 792 [1.8%] vs 2020, 92 of 3834 [2.4%]; P = .10). Compared with their men counterparts, women surgeon-scientists obtained their first NIH grant earlier in their career (mean [SD] years after first faculty appointment, 8.8 [6.2] vs 10.8 [7.9] years; P < .001) and were as likely to obtain large-dollar grants (aRR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.95-1.03]) during the period 2016 to 2020. Despite this success, women surgeon-scientists remained significantly underrepresented among SPIs and were 25% less likely to be an SPI (aRR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.60-0.95] during the period 2016 to 2020).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cross-sectional study of NIH-funded surgeons suggest that women surgeons remained underrepresented among surgeon-scientists over a 25-year period despite early career success in receiving NIH funding. This is concerning and warrants further investigation to increase the distribution of NIH funding among women surgeon-scientists.
Functional Recovery, Symptoms, and Quality of Life 1 to 5 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Nelson Lindsay D. , Temkin Nancy R. , Barber Jason , Brett Benjamin L. , Okonkwo David O. , McCrea Michael A. , Giacino Joseph T. , Bodien Yelena G. , Robertson Claudia , Corrigan John D. , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Markowitz Amy J. , Manley Geoffrey T. ,   TRACK-TBI Investigators
Published: March 2023

Importance

Many level I trauma center patients experience clinical sequelae at 1 year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Longer-term outcome data are needed to develop better monitoring and rehabilitation services.

Objective

To examine functional recovery, TBI-related symptoms, and quality of life from 1 to 5 years postinjury.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study enrolled trauma patients across 18 US level I trauma centers between 2014 and 2018. Eligible participants were enrolled within 24 hours of injury and followed up to 5 years postinjury. Data were analyzed January 2023.

Exposures

Mild TBI (mTBI), moderate-severe TBI (msTBI), or orthopedic traumatic controls (OTC).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Functional independence (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended [GOSE] score 5 or higher), complete functional recovery (GOSE score, 8), better (ie, lower) TBI-related symptom burden (Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire score of 15 or lower), and better (ie, higher) health-related quality of life (Quality of Life After Brain Injury Scale-Overall Scale score 52 or higher); mortality was analyzed as a secondary outcome.

Results

A total 1196 patients were included in analysis (mean [SD] age, 40.8 [16.9] years; 781 [65%] male; 158 [13%] Black, 965 [81%] White). mTBI and OTC groups demonstrated stable, high rates of functional independence (98% to 100% across time). While odds of independence were lower among msTBI survivors, the majority were independent at 1 year (72%), and this proportion increased over time (80% at 5 years; group × year, P = .005; independence per year: odds ratio [OR] for msTBI, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58; OR for mTBI, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-1.03). For other outcomes, group differences at 1 year remained stable over time (group × year, P ≥ .44). Odds of complete functional recovery remained lower for persons with mTBI vs OTC (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.28-0.56) and lower for msTBI vs mTBI (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.24-0.48). Odds of better TBI-related symptom burden and quality of life were similar for both TBI subgroups and lower than OTCs. Mortality between 1 and 5 years was higher for msTBI (5.5%) than mTBI (1.5%) and OTC (0.7%; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, patients with previous msTBI displayed increased independence over 5 years; msTBI was also associated with increased mortality. These findings, in combination with the persistently elevated rates of unfavorable outcomes in mTBI vs controls imply that more monitoring and rehabilitation are needed for TBI.
Machine Learning and Statistics in Clinical Research Articles—Moving Past the False Dichotomy
Authors: Finlayson Samuel G. , Beam Andrew L. , van Smeden Maarten
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint describes the false dichotomy between statistics and machine learning and suggests considerations in building and evaluating clinical prediction models.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Pulse Oximetry in Children According to Race
Authors: Ruppel Halley , Makeneni Spandana , Faerber Jennifer A. , Lane-Fall Meghan B. , Foglia Elizabeth E. , O’Byrne Michael L. , Bonafide Christopher P.
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study investigates the association between race and pulse oximeter accuracy in children in the US.
Evaluation of Measurement Properties and Differential Item Functioning in the English and French Versions of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale‐6: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Study
Authors: S. Rapoport Chelsea , Choi Alyssa K. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Carrier Marie‐Eve , Henry Richard S. , Mouthon Luc , Roesch Scott C. , Thombs Brett D. , Malcarne Vanessa L. ,   the SPIN COVID‐19 Patient Advisory Team,   the SPIN Investigators
Published: March 2023

Objective

Loneliness has been associated with poorer health‐related quality of life but has not been studied in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The current study was undertaken to examine and compare the psychometric properties of the English and French versions of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale‐6 (ULS‐6) in patients with SSc during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This study used baseline cross‐sectional data from 775 adults enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) COVID‐19 Cohort. Reliability and validity of ULS‐6 scores overall and between languages were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), differential item functioning (DIF) through the multiple‐indicator multiple‐cause (MIMIC) model, omega/alpha calculation, and correlations of hypothesized convergent relationships.

Results

CFA for the total sample supported the single‐factor structure (comparative fit index [CFI] 0.96, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] 0.03), and all standardized factor loadings for items were large (0.60–0.86). The overall MIMIC model with language as a covariate fit well (CFI 0.94, SRMR 0.04, root mean square error of approximation 0.11). Statistically significant DIF was found for 3 items across language (βitem2 = 0.14, P < 0.001; βitem4 = –0.07, P = 0.01; βitem6 = 0.13, P < 0.001), but these small differences were without practical measurement implications. Analyses demonstrated high internal consistency with no language‐based convergent validity differences.

Conclusion

Analyses demonstrated evidence of acceptable reliability and validity of ULS‐6 scores in English‐ and French‐speaking adults with SSc. DIF analysis supported use of the ULS‐6 to examine comparative experiences of loneliness without adjusting for language.
An Effective Approach toward Yellow‐to‐Orange Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitters by Integrating Strong Electron Donor into B/N‐Based Polycyclic Architecture: High Performance OLEDs with Nearly 40% EQE
Authors: Yang Wei , Miao Jingsheng , Hu Fengping , Zou Yang , Zhong Cheng , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo
Published: March 2023

B/N‐based multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters and the corresponding narrow band emissive organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) exhibit great potential for next‐generation high‐resolution displays. Nonetheless, designing MR‐TADF emitters with emission wavelength over 550 nm remains challenging. Herein, an effective approach toward yellow‐to‐orange MR‐TADF emitters by integrating a strong electron‐donating indolophenazine building block into the B/N‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is proposed. The investigation of photophysical properties reveals that the electron‐donating difference between the donor segments of MR framework has a dramatic influence on the luminescent features, including the emission wavelength and full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM). These TADF emitters display excellent photophysical characteristics such as near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yields and almost 100% horizontal dipole ratio. As a result, yellow and orange OLEDs employing these emitters achieve state‐of‐the‐art device performances with an ultrahigh external quantum efficiency of up to nearly 40%, power efficiency of 163 lm W−1, and luminance close to 120 000 cd m−2, which set a record among MR‐TADF based OLEDs with emission peaks over 550 nm. More impressively, the fabricated device presents outstanding operational stability of LT99 over 110 h at the initial brightness of 3000 cd m−2.
Carrier–Phonon Interaction Induced Large Negative Thermal‐Optic Coefficient at Near Band Edge of Quasi‐2D (PEA)2PbBr4 Perovskite
Authors: Wu Sheng‐Chan , Wu Chun‐Sheng , Chien Ching‐Hang , Zhang Yu‐Wei , Yang Chung‐Xian , Liu Cheng , Li Ming‐Hsien , Lin Chen‐Fu , Wu Yu‐Hao , Lin Bi‐Hsuan , Chou Yu‐Hsun , Chang Yia‐Chung , Chen Peter , Hsu Hsu‐Cheng
Published: March 2023

The soft and polar nature of quasi‐2D (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite, and robust photo‐generated excitons lead exciton‐polaritons and exciton‐polarons as the important phenomena near the band edge for application in the lighting aspect. In this work, a convenient methodology is proposed based on the polariton resonant modes in temperature‐dependent (77 K to RT) spectroscopy, and investigate the effect of these quasi‐particles on refractive index dispersion. The large binding energy (≈335 meV) of quasi‐2D excitons is obtained by the reflectance measurements at 77 K. Stable exciton‐polaritons and exciton‐polarons are confirmed by energy dispersions and the observation of self‐trapped exciton‐polaron state, respectively. Furthermore, the large negative thermal‐optic coefficient due to damping effect of exciton‐phonon scattering is observed. The phenomenon is opposite to those observed in conventional semiconductors (e.g., Si, Ge, GaN, AlN, GaAs, AlAs, and ZnO etc.). The observed stable negative thermal‐optic coefficients from 160 K to RT indicate that the quasi‐2D perovskite can be used as a phase compensator for conventional semiconductor materials.
Reallocating Cell Respiration Substrates for Cancer Therapy Using a Metabolism Regulator with an Intermembrane‐Translocatable Accessory
Authors: Duan Qiu‐Yi , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Shan Bai‐Hui , Guo Yuxin , Xu Ke‐Fei , Jia Hao‐Ran , Wu Fu‐Gen
Published: March 2023

One hallmark of cancer cells is aberrant glucose metabolism. By desperately consuming glucose, cancer cells grow quickly and form a hypoxic core in the tumor, which severely limits the efficacy of oxygen‐dependent therapeutic strategies. Herein, a cell metabolism regulation strategy is adopted to reallocate cell respiration substrates for fueling the processes for cancer therapy by constructing a metabolism nanoregulator (denoted as ATO/GOx PLP). To be specific, a protoporphyrin IX (PpIX, the intermembrane‐translocatable accessory)‐doped liposome is employed for direct intracellular delivery of GOx and atovaquone (ATO, a mitochondrial complex III inhibitor). The PpIX‐doped liposome can efficiently avoid the cargo leakage in blood circulation. Benefiting from the translocation of PpIX from the liposome to the cancer cell membrane, ATO and GOx can be rapidly released upon encountering the plasma membrane and internalized by the cancer cell. By inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and regulating mitochondrial function, ATO reduces both oxygen consumption and glucose metabolism, sparing more substrates for GOx to kill cancer cells. As a result, ATO/GOx PLP presents outstanding anticancer efficacies both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the ATO/GOx PLP exhibits excellent biosafety, showing its clinical translation potential. Overall, this study provides a new approach to achieve efficacious metabolism regulation‐based cancer therapy.
Tuning the Intermolecular Electrostatic Interaction toward High‐Efficiency and Low‐Cost Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Zi , Yao Huifeng , Ma Lijiao , Wang Jingwen , Bi Zhaozhao , Wang Shijie , Seibt Susanne , Zhang Tao , Xu Ye , Ren Junzhen , Xiao Yang , An Cunbin , Ma Wei , Hou Jianhui
Published: March 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved much progress with rapidly increasing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). It should be noted that the top‐performance OSCs are generally consisted of active materials with complex chemical structures, resulting in high costs. Here, combining the material design and morphology control, high‐efficiency OSCs are fabricated by a low‐cost donor: acceptor blend. A completely non‐fused electron acceptor named Tz is designed and synthesized via introducing thiazole units on both sides of a bithiophene core, which shows an outstanding PCE of 13.3% with a typical polythiophene donor. More importantly, optimization guidelines are presented to get excellent morphology for low‐cost donor:acceptor systems. Three polythiophenes are selected, poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and its two derivatives with electron‐withdrawing substitutions (PDCBT and PDCBT‐2F), as donors to fabricate the cell devices. The computational and experimental data reveal that decreasing the electrostatic interaction between polythiophene and Tz is the key to getting a suppressed miscibility and thus a high phase purity. This study provides insight into the molecular design and donor:acceptor matching requirements for high‐efficiency and low‐cost OSCs.
Multifunctional Organic Potassium Salt Additives as the Efficient Defect Passivator for High‐Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kong Yingjie , Shen Wenjian , Cai Haoyu , Dong Wei , Bai Cong , Zhao Juan , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Zhong Jie
Published: March 2023

Despite the rapid developments are achieved for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the existence of various defects in the devices still limits the further enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the long‐term stability of devices. Herein, the efficient organic potassium salt (OPS) of para‐halogenated phenyl trifluoroborates is presented as the precursor additives to improve the performance of PSCs. Studies have shown that the 4‐chlorophenyltrifluoroborate potassium salt (4‐ClPTFBK) exhibits the most effective interaction with the perovskite lattice. Strong coordination between BF3−/halogen in anion and uncoordinated Pb2+/halide vacancies, along with the hydrogen bond between F in BF3− and H in FA+ are observed. Thus, due to the synergistic contribution of the potassium and anionic groups, the high‐quality perovskite film with large grain size and low defect density is achieved. As a result, the optimal devices show an enhanced efficiency of 24.50%, much higher than that of the control device (22.63%). Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices present remarkable thermal and long‐term stability, maintaining 86% of the initial PCE after thermal test at 80 °C for 1000 h and 95% after storage in the air for 2460 h.
Multifunctional MOF‐Based Microneedle Patch With Synergistic Chemo‐Photodynamic Antibacterial Effect and Sustained Release of Growth Factor for Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Zeng Yongnian , Wang Chenyuan , Lei Kai , Xiao Chuan , Jiang Xue , Zhang Wen , Wu Lujuan , Huang Jianying , Li Wei
Published: March 2023

Chronic wound healing is a major challenge in biomedicine. Conventional therapies are usually associated with poor drug permeability, low bioavailability, risk of antimicrobial resistance, and require frequent administration. Therefore, a novel formulation with reduced antibiotic dosage, improved drug delivery efficiency, and low application frequency is of remarkable interest for chronic wound healing. Herein, a multifunctional microneedle (MN) patch is presented to achieve rapid wound healing via efficient chemo–photodynamic antibacterial effect and sustained release of growth factors at the wound bed. When the MN patch pierces the skin, MN tips carrying both low dosage of antibiotics and bioactive small molecule‐encapsulated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) rapidly dissolve and subsequently deliver the payloads to the wound. Upon light irradiation, MOF‐based nanoparticles robustly convert O2 into 1O2, which acts synergistically with chemotherapy to remove pathogenic bacteria from the wound, exhibiting excellent chemo–photodynamic antibacterial performance with a tenfold reduction in the required antibiotic amount. The nanoparticles can achieve a continuous release of growth factors in the wound tissue, promoting the formation of epithelial tissue and neovascularization, thereby further accelerating chronic wound healing. Collectively, the designed multifunctional MOF‐based MN patches offer a simple, safe, and effective alternative for chronic wound management.
Light‐Driven Self‐Recruitment of Biomimetic Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Precise Tumor Vascular Disruption
Authors: Li Haoze , Zhou Sensen , Wu Min , Qu Rui , Wang Xin , Chen Weizhi , Jiang Yuyan , Jiang Xiqun , Zhen Xu
Published: March 2023

Tumor vascular disrupting therapy has offered promising opportunities to treat cancer in clinical practice, whereas the overall therapeutic efficacy is notably limited due to the off‐target effects and repeated dose toxicity of vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). To tackle this problem, a VDA‐free biomimetic semiconducting polymer nanoparticle (SPNP) is herein reported for precise tumor vascular disruption through two‐stage light manipulation. SPNP consists of a semiconducting polymer nanoparticle as the photothermal agent camouflaged with platelet membranes that specifically target disrupted vasculature. Upon the first photoirradiation, SPNP administered in vivo generates mild hyperthermia to trigger tumor vascular hemorrhage, which activates the coagulation cascade and recruits more SPNP to injured blood vessels. Such enhanced tumor vascular targeting of photothermal agents enables intense hyperthermia to destroy the tumor vasculature during the second photoirradiation, leading to complete tumor eradication and efficient metastasis inhibition. Intriguingly, the mechanism study reveals that this vascular disruption strategy alleviates splenomegaly and reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by reducing myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. Therefore, this study not only illustrates a light‐driven self‐recruitment strategy to enhance tumor vascular disruption via a single dose of biomimetic therapeutics but also deciphers the immunotherapeutic role of vascular disruption therapy that is conducive to clinical studies.
Oxidized Activated Charcoal Nanozymes: Synthesis, and Optimization for In Vitro and In Vivo Bioactivity for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: McHugh Emily A. , Liopo Anton V. , Mendoza Kimberly , Robertson Claudia S. , Wu Gang , Wang Zhe , Chen Weiyin , Beckham Jacob L. , Derry Paul J. , Kent Thomas A. , Tour James M.
Published: March 2023

Carbon‐based superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic nanozymes have recently been employed as promising antioxidant nanotherapeutics due to their distinct properties. The structural features responsible for the efficacy of these nanomaterials as antioxidants are, however, poorly understood. Here, the process–structure–property–performance properties of coconut‐derived oxidized activated charcoal (cOAC) nano‐SOD mimetics are studied by analyzing how modifications to the nanomaterial's synthesis impact the size, as well as the elemental and electrochemical properties of the particles. These properties are then correlated to the in vitro antioxidant bioactivity of poly(ethylene glycol)‐functionalized cOACs (PEG‐cOAC). Chemical oxidative treatment methods that afford smaller, more homogeneous cOAC nanoparticles with higher levels of quinone functionalization show enhanced protection against oxidative damage in bEnd.3 murine endothelioma cells. In an in vivo rat model of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and oxidative vascular injury, PEG‐cOACs restore cerebral perfusion rapidly to the same extent as the former nanotube‐derived PEG‐hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG‐HCCs) with a single intravenous injection. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how carbon nanozyme syntheses can be tailored for improved antioxidant bioactivity, and set the stage for translation of medical applications.
Unveiling Strong Ion–Electron–Lattice Coupling and Electronic Antidoping in Hydrogenated Perovskite Nickelate
Authors: Gao Lei , Wang Huimin , Meng Fanqi , Peng Huining , Lyu Xiangyu , Zhu Mingtong , Wang Yuqian , Lu Chao , Liu Jin , Lin Ting , Ji Ailing , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Yu Pu , Meng Sheng , Cao Zexian , Lu Nianpeng
Published: March 2023

Despite being highly promising for applications in emergent electronic devices, decoding both the ion–electron–lattice coupling in correlated materials at the atomic scale and the electronic band structure remains a big challenge due to the strong and complex correlation among these degrees of freedom. Here, taking an epitaxial thin film of perovskite nickelate NdNiO3 as a model system, hydrogen‐ion‐induced giant lattice distortion and enhanced NiO6 octahedra tilting/rotation are demonstrated, which leads to a new robust hydrogenated HNdNiO3 phase with lattice expansion larger than 10% on a series of substrates. Moreover, under the effect of ion–electron synergistic doping, it is found that the proposed electronic antidoping, i.e., the doped electrons mainly fill the ground‐state oxygen 2p holes instead of changing the Ni oxidation state from Ni3+ to Ni2+, dominates the metal–insulator transition. Meanwhile, lattice modification with enhanced Ni–O–Ni bond tilting or rotation mainly modifies the orbital density of states near the Fermi level. Last, by electric‐field‐controlled hydrogen‐ion intercalation and its strong coupling to the lattice and electron charge, selective micrometer‐scale patterns with distinct structural and electronic states are fabricated. The results provide direct evidence for a strong ion–electron–lattice coupling in correlated physics and exhibit its potential applications in designing novel materials and devices.
Multiscale Hybrid Fabrication: Volumetric Printing Meets Two‐Photon Ablation
Authors: Rizzo Riccardo , Rütsche Dominic , Liu Hao , Chansoria Parth , Wang Anny , Hasenauer Amelia , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy
Published: March 2023

Multiscale printing of 3D perfusable geometries holds great potential for a range of applications, from microfluidic systems to organ‐on‐a‐chip. However, the generation of freeform designs spanning from centimeter to micrometer features represents an unmet challenge for a single fabrication method and thus may require the convergence of two or more modalities. Leveraging the great advances in light‐based printing, herein a hybrid strategy is introduced to tackle this challenge. By combining volumetric printing (VP) and high‐resolution two‐photon ablation (2PA), the possibility to create multiscale models with features ranging from mesoscale (VP) to microscale (2PA) is demonstrated. To successfully combine these two methods, micrometer‐size defects generated during the VP process due to optical modulation instability and self‐focusing phenomena are first eliminated. By optical tuning the refractive index of the photoresin, defect‐free VP that can then be combined with 2PA is demonstrated. To facilitate the 2PA process and meet VP requirements, a purely protein‐based photoclick photoresin combining gelatin‐norbornene and gelatin‐thiol is introduced. Finally, the possibility to generate complex organotypic 3D vasculature‐like constructs with features ranging from ≈400 µm of VP to ≈2 µm of 2PA is demonstrated. This hybrid strategy opens new possibilities for multiscale printing, with particular potential for microfluidics and organ/tissue‐on‐a‐chip technologies.
Pillared‐Layer Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Photodegradation of Methyl Orange in Wastewater
Authors: Habtemariam Tesfaye Haile , Raju V. J. T. , Chebude Yonas
Published: March 2023

The photocatalytic performance of pillared‐layer metal‐organic framework (MOF), {[Cu2(Fu)2(BPY)]·H2O}n, is studied in detail toward the degradation of methyl orange as a model dye which is toxic, non‐biodegradable, and discharged to the environment as wastewater by textile industries. This model dye is degraded in the laboratory in the presence of UV light and semiconducting MOF, {[Cu2(Fu)2(BPY)]·H2O}n. The optimized conditions for the photodegradation efficiency of the MOF are achieved after considering the effect of pH and MOF loading at a fixed dye concentration. 96% of the 10‐ppm methyl orange is photodegraded after loading 0.25 g L−1 of the photocatalyst into an aqueous solution of the dye at pH 5.2 for 140 min UV light irradiation time. The photocatalyst is recycled five times and 96%, 88%, 87%, 80%, and 53% degradation efficiencies can be achieved in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth cycles, respectively. The powder X‐ray diffraction analysis of the recycled photocatalyst shows that the crystallinity of the MOF is maintained in the five runs. Thus, {[Cu2(Fu)2(BPY)]·H2O}n assists the degradation of the environmentally hazardous methyl orange in the presence of UV light.
Eco‐Friendly Color Printing Using Transparent Wood Paper
Authors: Chen Jing , Wu Jiayang , Huang Dafang , Tang Chaojun , Zhu Mingwei , Wang Lianhui
Published: March 2023

Structural colors are recognized as environmentally friendly colors compared with traditional pigments and dyes. However, their structural substrates are usually made of polymers or solid materials that are difficult to decompose naturally. Finding high‐performance bio‐degradable substrates is essential to protect the environment. Transparent wood paper is a competitive candidate because of its excellent biodegradability, high transparency, and strength. Here, it is firstly demonstrated that structural color prints can be fabricated monolithically on transparent wood paper. By mimicking the color generation structures in nature, nanostructures are imprinted on the surface of delignified wood and exhibit diverse structural colors. Three basic colors of red, green, and blue are demonstrated, and the colors can be continuously tuned by the periodicity and observation angle. Vivid color prints can be realized on the transparent wood paper by structural design. The structural colored transparent wood paper is flexible and bendable, and colors will not fade after 12‐month exposure to natural sunshine. Furthermore, the structural color prints on transparent wood paper are biodegradable and can be discarded directly after use. Both the structural colored relief and the transparent wood are eco‐friendly, opening a new door to next‐generation paper‐based disposable, sustainable, and green optical/photonic devices.
Reducing Efficiency Roll‐Off in Multi‐Resonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent OLEDs through Modulation of the Energy of the T2State
Authors: Wang Tao , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: March 2023

The S1state and high‐lying triplet excited states (ΔES1Tn) offer insight into clarifying the mechanism of efficiency roll‐off of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, experimental detection of the ΔES1Tnis challenging due to Kasha's rule. Here, two emitters,PhCz‐O‐DiKTaandPhCz‐DiKTa, showing multi‐resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) are reported. By modulating the conjugation between the MR‐TADFDiKTaemissive center and donor substituent, emission directly from the T2state is for the first time observed in MR‐TADF emitters. Single crystal and reduced density gradient analyses reveal the origin of the reduced observed concentration‐quenching results from weak CH···π and slipped π···π stacking interactions, which suppress nonradiative transitions. Theoretical and photophysical investigations reveal that the ΔES1T2difference influences the reverse intersystem crossing rate. The OLEDs employingPhCz‐O‐DiKTaandPhCz‐DiKTaas emitters show maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of over 20%, but very different efficiency roll‐off behavior (54.5% vs 13.6% at 100 cd m−2). Thus, this design provides a possible solution to mitigating device efficiency roll‐off by designing MR‐TADF emitters with degenerate S1and T2states.
Exciton States of Azobenzene Aggregates: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Titov Evgenii , Beqiraj Alkit
Published: March 2023

Interaction between azobenzene‐containing molecules in supramolecular structures or self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) results in the formation of molecular exciton states. These states determine photophysical and photochemical processes in such assemblies. Here, using first‐principles quantum chemical calculations, optical spectra and exciton delocalization of the exciton states in model clusters of azobenzene molecules are studied. Specifically, 1D linear chains and 2D SAM‐like arrangements are considered, and the exciton states are computed by means of time‐dependent long‐range corrected density functional theory (TD‐lc‐DFT) and ab initio configuration interaction singles (CIS), for clusters including up to 18 azobenzene molecules. The nature of the exciton states is analyzed using transition density matrix analysis. In addition, a connection to periodic systems is made applying the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE)/Green's function many‐body perturbation theory () approach to a selected system. It is found that the brightest excitons are dominated by local excitations. The energetic location of charge transfer states in the electronic spectra of aggregates depends to a large extent on a given method and distance between nearest neighbors. Furthermore, it is analized how an excitonic delocalization pattern changes with varying molecular orientation in the unit cell of SAMs.