bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Mitigation Strategies on Supply Chain PT. X
Authors: Kristiana S P D , Oktavia C W , Magdalena R , Lilajati M A
Published: May 2020

Every supply chain activity in a company is not separated from risk, therefore risk management in a company is strongly required for risk handling. PT. X is a manufacturing company that produces food flavors. Dependence with suppliers and consumers causes uncertainty in the company’s supply chain flow. This uncertainty can lead to adverse effects called risk. Risk can be minimized by carrying out risk management. This study aimed to design a risk management by identifying risk events from the company’s business processes based on Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR), to determine the causes of priority risks and then identifying risk mitigation strategies using House of Risk stage 1 (HOR1), and ranking risk mitigation strategies by considering company criteria in determining risk mitigation strategies using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). From the results of the study, 21 risk events dan 13 priority risk causes’ identified, and 9 risk mitigation strategies’ determined. Risk mitigation strategies’ rank sequentially were conducting briefings and evaluations every day, coordinating with suppliers continuously, making signboards at the warehouse, tightening the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), providing ongoing training, evaluating supplier performance, monitoring more frequently, demand management with considering safety stock and service levels, and had supplier reserves. So, this study suggests PT.X to implement the risk mitigation strategies for minimizing the risks in the company.
Workplace Design Process at Indonesian Manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Herwanto D , Suzianti A
Published: May 2020

The workplace design process must not be ignored to get a good workplace. A good workplace can support occupational health and safety and comfort of workers while doing work so that it is expected to increase their work productivity. Unfortunately, the environmental conditions of workspaces in most SMEs (small and medium enterprises) in Indonesia do not meet the standards. Besides, production machinery, raw materials, and finished goods are placed irregularly which has the potential to inhibit material transfer. This study is aimed at obtaining an overview of the workplace design process carried out in Indonesian manufacturing SMEs as a first step to finding a suitable workplace design process model for manufacturing SMEs in Indonesia.
ITSM Analysis using ITIL V3 in Service Operation in PT.Inovasi Tjaraka Buana
Authors: Lubis Muharman , Cherthio Annisyah Rizky , Lyvia Winiyanti L
Published: May 2020

PT. Inovasi Tjaraka Buana is a company in ISP (Internet Service Provider) sector that uses information technology to sustain activities the company. At this time the company is experiencing scaling-up, which is a drastic increase in the number of user of internet services, and coverage areas that make companies have to develop for various aspects of the company. The problem is that companies cannot at this time balancing service operations when handling an incident that occurs with drastic addition of the number of users and the amount of coverage area. To solve the problem, it is necessary to implement Information Technology Service Management (ITSM). The method used in this research is data collection by interview and observation techniques. This research will produce Incident Management Flow and Problem Management Flow. ITIL, which is a framework that illustrates best practices that focus on managing IT services, IT development and operations, which can help companies to overcome problems, so the company can apply it in order to balance service operations when handling incidents that occur.
Design and Analysis of Electrical Ergonomic Bionic Grip Wrench
Authors: Ramadhan A A , Putra F A , Wirawan H , Sahroni T R
Published: May 2020

Increasing demand for the use of bionic grip locks as well as customers and markets is increasing day by day, requiring improved design of technical tools to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Supporting tools design needs to be modified for the tools capability improvement and to provide new ways of working. The concept of innovative design can be applied to tools designing for up living the work way more productive in order to boost the manufacturing and service performances, meeting the mounted up customer demand. Taking the wrench product design as an example of observation and improvement initiative opportunity, this article discovers the chance of the mechanical and machinery products innovation, with the project methodology presented in applying the theories of product redesign from a manual conventional wrench to an advance design and puts forward the thought of the wrench innovative engineering design, principles and the process to electrical and mechanical mechanism. As a result, the proposed design scheme is evaluated, which indicates that the optimized design approach can be applied to a manual wrench design.
Supply Chain Risk Evaluation Information System Design using Fuzzy House of Risk in Wooden Toy Industry
Authors: Islamiah U W , Nurchayanty Tanjung W , Parwati N , Tri Purwandari A , Mutiasari M
Published: May 2020

In the continuity of business processes, companies cannot avoid the possibility of disruptions in their supply chains. This disorder is referred to as risk. The problem often faced by companies today is a poor internal control system in the production process in the supply chain channel. Therefore it is necessary to propose solutions in the form of new procedures that meet all the criteria of good internal control in the company. To minimize risk events, analysis and design of supply chain risk information systems has been made using a DFD based approach. In this study, the observation of risk in the supply chain path of one of the wooden toy industries, namely CV. Atham Toys. Aims to minimize the risks that occur by creating a DFD-based information system to identify priority risks that occur in the company. Based on observations, there are 25 risk agents that can cause 6 risk events. Then the priority risk chosen using the Fuzzy House of Risk method is price or cost risk with an ARPj value of 499.
Combination of Value Stream Mapping and House of Risk Methods to Eliminate Waste in Productivity Enhancement in Production Area of Fertilizer Company
Authors: Suryanti F , Sudiarno A , Sudarni A A C
Published: May 2020

Success in ensuring agricultural production through fertilizer production is the key to strengthening national food security. PT X is a domestic company producing ZA fertilizer. In this study, the endeavor to implement lean manufacturing with a nine wastes (E-DOWNTIME) approach to eliminate waste, so productivity can be increased by relying on a combination of VSM and HOR methods to identify wastes to propose remedies to the risks arising from waste on the ZA production floor, through FGD. This research focuses on risks to waste each production process flow according to the business process adopted. The results showed a waste of waiting, defects, excess processing, and EHS on the ZA production floor. 28 risk events were identified and 28 risk agents were identified. After two alternative repairs were selected namely replacement of the drum filter shaft and replacement of the turbine rotor, the duration of the NVA was 79 minutes reduced. Corrosion, aging, and abrasion machines / tools are the selected risk agents, representing that operating machines have shown a decline in performance due to age, so that a gradual machine update is necessary.
Management of Plastic Waste Recycling by Value Stream Mapping
Authors: Gustina Amran Tiena
Published: May 2020

This study explains two recycling process category with plastic pellets and fuel as main products. Fuel can be utilized by vehicles and plastic pellets has economical value. Reduction of waste in plastic waste recycling process was conducted using value stream mapping approach. The research of plastic recycling was done through literature review and direct survey. In first stage, several analyses were made: plastic waste processing category, Value Added Time (VAT) and Non Value Added Time (NVAT), also process time per work station. As the result, current stream mapping was obtained. In the second analysis stage, comparison between two processing category revealed that the highest dissipation came from motion waste, waiting time waste, and movement waste. Big picture mapping was used to improve the quality of waste recycling process based on the procedures that has been established Fore mentioned dissipation can be reduced by adding the number of operator equipped with safety gear in washing and drying.
Investigating the impact of supply chain management on the performance of manufacturing industries in Sierra Leone: case study of Sierra Leone bottling company (SLBC)
Authors: Kamara Alimamy , Nyoman Pujawan I
Published: May 2020

Supply Chain (SC) is a series or network of companies who work collectively to make and deliver products and services to end-users. SC has become an important way of gaining competitive advantage and a way of improving companies’ performance. The impact of supply chain management (SCM) on the performance of manufacturing industries is very important in gaining competitive advantage. A weakness in SCM has a negative impact on the profit and can seriously affect the production and delivery of products. This research conceptualizes and develops four main dimensions to improve the performance of SLBC on Strategy and design, enabling infrastructure, process, and performance. To investigate the impact of SCM on the performance, this research employed descriptive data which was tested base on the available data through the use of software packaging for social scientists (SPSS) and Minitab. From the results, Process was found to have a strong correlation with performance (0.821), enabling infrastructure and performance (0.596) which shows that there is a cordial relationship between the variables. Also, performance has the highest mean (4.0760) which indicate it output factors have a very great impact on profitability, productivity and the entire performance. The company faced several setbacks in achieving its goals.
Minimal pore size reached upon sintering
Authors: Alymov M I , Averin S I , Saikov I V
Published: May 2020

Analytical expression for minimal (critical) pore size reached upon sintering was derived. It has been shown that a pore size in a given material cannot be stable below some critical value characteristic of this material.
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of ceramic composite material based on Al2O3 - SiO2 - ZrB2
Authors: Chizhikov A P , Bazhin P M , Stolin A M
Published: May 2020

The present work is devoted to the production of a ceramic composite material in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from a mixture of powder reagents: ZrO2, Al, SiO2, B, and Zr. The adiabatic combustion temperature was calculated for the stoichiometric composition of ZrO2-Al-SiO2 and for compositions with the addition of an energy additive from powders x (Zr + 2B), where x e [10-30] wt. %. It was found that an increase in the fraction of Zr + 2B leads to the refinement of structural elements. An increase in its content to 30 wt. % leads to the formation of nanoscale structural components in the material. As a result of varying the initial composition, a ceramic composite material based on Al2O3-SiO2-ZrB2 was obtained containing an oxide matrix with particles of zirconium diboride distributed from 61 to 77 wt. %. It is shown that as a result of the SHS of the selected compositions, mullite is formed. Using SEM, EDS and XRD methods, we studied the structural features and phase composition of the materials obtained.
Modification of barium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics with zirconium oxide additives
Authors: Chaynikova A S , Kovaleva V S , Zabelin D A , Belachenkov I O , Modin S Y
Published: May 2020

Barium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics modified with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) in the presence and without of stabilizing yttrium oxide was synthesized by the sol-gel method. The influence of the concentration of zirconium oxide on gelation, phase formation and sintering of materials were investigated. It was found that modification with zirconium oxide leads to a reduction in the gelation time of the initial solutions. It was shown that the introduction of ZrO2 in an amount of up to 10 wt.% leads to the intensification of sintering of glass-ceramics. However, with a further increase in the ZrO2 content to 15 wt.%, it is necessary to increase the sintering temperature to 1600°C. But this is not permissible, since it leads to not a desired metastable phase – hexacylsian becoming predominant in all samples. Only glass-ceramics modified with 10 wt.% ZrO2 contains only the monocelsian phase in the entire sintering temperature range. The use of the sol-gel method made it possible to synthesize glass-ceramics with a fine-crystalline structure and a uniform volume distribution of ZrO2 grains.
Functional properties and microstructure of TiNi alloy during multiple martensitic transformations
Authors: Churakova A A
Published: May 2020

The influence of multiple martensitic transformations on the functional properties and microstructure of the equiatomic TiNi alloy is considered. An analysis of mechanical tests showed that in the CG and UFG state in the Ti50.0Ni50.0 alloy as a result of thermal cycling with an increase in the number of cycles, a monotonic increase in the yield strength is caused by phase hardening. Moreover, in the UFG state, the yield strength increases by 185 MPa, which is 67.5 MPa more than the increase in σYS in the CG state. In this case, ductility remains at the level of 40%, which is somewhat lower than ductility in the CG state (∼ 60%). The phase yield stress and the estimated reactive stress of the CG and UFG states as a result of the TC also increase, with σreac UFG reaching 830 MPa. The increase in the yield strength of the CG state in an overgrown alloy is 113 MPa, while in the UFG it is 155 MPa, in addition, an increase in the estimated reactive stress and the reversible deformation with an increase in the number of thermal cycling cycles.
Gradient structure formation in titanium alloys using thermohydrogen treatment technology
Authors: Skvortsova S V , Gvozdeva O N , Shalin A V , Stepushin A S
Published: May 2020

This paper shows the possibility of creating a “linear gradient” structure, which varies from finely dispersed globular grains to coarse lamellar ones over the cross section of a 13-mm semi-finished product of VT6 alloy, using the thermohydrogen treatment method. The formation of the oxide layer and the depth of oxygen penetration were studied depending on the heating temperature and duration of treatment. The oxide stability was assessed during subsequent annealing in vacuum. It was established that the only oxide film which provides protection from hydrogen penetration during hydrogenous annealing at 800 ° C, was formed during heat treatment at 900°C for 4 hours.
Technology of spark plasma sintering as an innovative solution of synthesis high-density of SiC ceramics
Authors: Kardashova G D
Published: May 2020

The main advantages of spark plasma sintering (SPS) method compared to the classical hot pressing method for obtaining high-density ceramic based on silicon carbide are presented. Shows the perspective of obtaining a wide range of materials using this method. The possibilities of technology of spark plasma sintering of multicomponent ceramics based on silicon carbide of different composition have been studied. Established optimal SPS modes for sintering multicomponent ceramics of composition SiC (75%) - 22% (AlN) -Y2O3 (3%) (1800 °C/50MPa/15 min) provide formation of 100% dense composite, which allows to recommend these modes for making light and high-density ceramic material of specified composition with predicted properties.
Rheological properties of Si3N4 and Si3N4 with sintering additive CaO-Al2O3 powders
Authors: Kim K A , Lysenkov A S , Titov D D , Gumennikova E A , Frolova M G , Lemeshev D O , Perevislov S N , Kargin Yu F
Published: May 2020

In this paper were considered the rheological characteristics of Si3N4 powders and the mixture of Si3N4 powders with sintering additive based on CaO-Al2O3. The dependence of optimal density on the applied stress during pressing was established. The powders compressibility coefficients were studied. It was shown that upon addition of a sintering additive CaO-Al2O3 the compressibility coefficient decreases and the compressibility modulus increases.
The effect of homogenizing annealing on the microstructure and microhardness of Ti-20Nb-(7.5-10)Ta alloys (at.%)
Authors: Konushkin S V , Yu Ivannikov A , Nasakina E O , Sergienko K V , Shatova L A , Sevostyanov M A
Published: May 2020

The microstructure and microhardness of Ti-20Nb-7.5Ta and Ti-20Nb-10Ta alloys (at. %) after smelting and after homogenizing annealing at 900°C and 950°C for 12 hours were studied. It was shown that, after smelting, the alloys have a dendritic structure, and after annealing, they have a polycrystalline structure with equiaxed grains. It is also shown that annealing leads to an increase in the microhardness of alloys.
Fabrication and characterization of 1, 5, 10 at.% Ce:Y2O3 nanopowders
Authors: Lukyashin K E , Chepusov A S , Solomonov V I
Published: May 2020

Nanopowders (particle size of about 7-14 nm) of yttrium oxide doped with cerium ions with concentrations of 1, 5, 10 at.% have been synthesized by laser ablation of the target. For the first time in the world the cerium concentration of 10 at.% in the yttrium oxide lattice has been obtained. Their morphology, structure, and scintillation properties have been investigated. No significant cathodoluminescence of the activator in the Ce3+ state has been detected in the powders, and X-ray luminescence was completely absent. Presumably, the cerium ion is in the nonradiative state of Ce4+.
Hardness and fracture-toughness of hot-pressed LaB6-TiB2 ceramics
Authors: Nesmelov D D , Novoselov E S , Lysenkov A S , Vikhman S V , Perevislov S N
Published: May 2020

Microstructural analysis and investigations of mechanical properties via indentation-techniques have been performed on a LaB6 - 15 vol. % TiB2 ceramics, obtained by the hot-pressing at T = 1900 °C and P = 30 MPa in argon gas. The relative density of hot-pressed material was up to 97% of theoretical. XRD, SEM and EDX analysis of ceramics were performed. The Vickers hardness (18.5 GPa) and fracture-toughness (3.9 MPa-m1/2) were compared with the values, measured on a single-crystalline LaB6 (Hv = 21 GPa, KIc = 2.4 MPa-m1/2) and arc-melted eutectic composite LaB6-TiB2 (Hv = 23 GPa, KIc = 6.7 MPa-m1/2).
Hard radiation of reological explosion
Authors: Oparina I B , Shienok V V
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of experimental research of hard radiation going with reological explosion of solid bodies at the Bridgman’s anvils. The results of experiments gives evidence of electromagnetic character of radiation as in process of explosion, as after it. The energy of quanta of radiation, going with explosion was less, than some tens of keV and was less then some hundreds of keV in case of afterglow.
Silver niobate doped lead-free perovskite KNN ceramics
Authors: Politova E D , Kaleva G M , Golubko N V , Mosunov A V , Sadovskaya N V , Kiselev D A , Kislyuk A M , Ilina T S , Yu Stefanovich S
Published: May 2020

Influence of AgNbO3 doping on structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and local piezoelectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics was studied. Decreased in the unit cell parameters correlated with ionic radii changes. High effective local d
33 piezoelectric coefficient values (800 pm/V) were observed in compositions studied.
Tunable parallel plate waveguide array based on VO2 thin films
Authors: Polozov V I , Maklakov S S , Maklakov S A , Chistyaev V A , Politiko A A , Baskov K M , Mishin A D , Petrov D A , Kisel V N
Published: May 2020

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a material with a metal-insulator phase transition. We report a way of application of VO2 thin films as functional elements of reconfigurable parallel plate waveguide array (PPWA). The PPWA presented here is designed to work in X, Ku and K bands. A transmission coefficient of the array with VO2 elements can be altered using temperature by more than 10 dB across the entire experimentally studied frequency range. We demonstrate a method of design and manufacturing of the PPWA. The PPWA may be used as a basic component in more advanced reconfigurable devices.
Precision human bone prototypes manufactured by 3D printing for training and experimental studies
Authors: Romanov I D , Romanov A D , Kulinchenko N A , Gorbatov R O , Klenin A A
Published: May 2020

The work shows the possibility of using additive technologies using 3D printing to build anatomical structures of a person using data of a computer-tomographic examination allows to create precision models taking into account external and internal structure of a biological object.
Modeling of paths and energy losses of high-energy ions in single-layered and multilayered materials
Authors: Tishkevich D I , Grabchikov S S , Grabchikova E A , Vasin D S , Lastovskiy S B , Yakushevich A S , Vinnik D A , Zubar T I , Kalagin I V , Mitrofanov S V , Yakimchuk D V , Trukhanov A V
Published: May 2020

Modern electronic systems and equipment used in aerospace and nuclear technology, as well as many scientific and medical devices, are used under the influence of a wide range of ionizing radiation (electrons, protons, heavy charged particles etc.). Protons or heavy charged particles exposure can lead to failures in the operation of spacecrafts electronic devices, which is associated with the radiation effects occurrence in an integrated circuits. One of the most effective ways to solve this problem is protection by radiation shields. Linear and mass paths of protons and Ar+ ions in Al, Al2O3, Bi, and W77, 7Cu22, 3 composite shields were calculated using a SRIM software package. It is shown that the protection efficiency against high-energy ions by materials with large atomic charge values (Z) is higher from the position of linear ranges of particles, and lower from the position of mass ranges than materials with low Z values. The dependence of the threshold energy on the serial number of particles for Al, Bi and W77, 7Cu22, 3 composite shields is determined. The effect of the sequence in the arrangement and layer thicknesses in the Bi/Al/Al2O3 multilayered structures on the protection efficiency against high-energy ions was studied.
Preparation and researching the properties of organic aerogels based on epoxy resins
Authors: Voytik A E , Malkov G V , Kapasharov A T , Knerelman E I , Yu Kostin A
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work was to develop methods for the synthesis of organic gels based on epoxy resins and the production of their aerogels. In general, aerogels are obtained from gel samples that consist of a high-molecular spatial network and a low-molecular dispersion medium - solvent. Various drying methods are used to remove liquid from gel pores, the most reliable of which, allowing to obtain samples of aerogels with undamaged spatial structure, is drying in supercritical fluid medium. As a result of the work the aerogels of different density were obtained, the dependence of density on the solvent content in the samples was revealed. The obtained aerogels were characterized by density, studied by infrared spectroscopy to assess the degree of polymerization of the resin, as well as using the BET method to determine the specific surface area of the samples and obtain its dependence on the catalyst content and curing conditions.
Kinetic Study of Steam Gasificaiton of Palm Kernel Shell Char
Authors: Lerkkasemsan Nuttapol
Published: May 2020

In this work, we investigate the reaction mechanism of steam gasification reaction of palm kernel shell char. The experiment results which are used in this work are carried on at temperature of 1123, 1173, and 1223K. The isothermal steam gasification of palm kernel shell char is described by mathematic models including volumetric model (VM), grain model (GM), random pore model (RPM), and modified random pore model (mRPM). From results, we found that the RPM model can predict gasification of palm kernel shell char better than other models. The RPM model considers the overlapping of pore surfaces, which results in the reduction of surface area available for the reaction. The activation energy of gasification reactivity of palm kernel shell char is 152.63 kJ/mol for RPM model. The coefficient of determination of RPM model are 0.9920, 0.9995, and 0.9907 at 1123, 1173, and 1223 K respectively.
Accounting of data uncertainty in advanced technological models of design calculations of acoustoelectronic components from piezoelectric materials
Authors: Storozhev S V , Storozhev V I , Bolnokin V E , Mutin D I , Mutina E I
Published: May 2020

A numerical-analytical theoretical technique for taking into account the influence of scatter errors of the experimental values of initial parameters when studying the propagation characteristics of bulk electroelastic waves in anisotropic piezocrystalline and piezoceramic media based on models that take into account the coupled mechanical deformation and electromagnetic interactions is presented. The analyzed problems to the development of advanced design solutions for creating components of acoustoelectronic devices wish required the receipt of the most reliable estimates for the velocities and amplitude attenuation parameters of wave information signals are related. The developed approach is based on the transition in the ratios of deterministic models of the propagation of electroelastic waves in piezoelectric materials to fuzzy-set arguments by phased fragmented application of methods of fuzzy-interval arithmetic’s and of the use of heuristic generalizations principle in the alpha-level form. Examples of application of the developed calculation methodic are presented.
Structure and wear resistance of Fe-Cr-Mn-C-N coating obtained by electron beam overlay welding
Authors: Narkevich N A , Panin V E , Durakov V G , Shulepov I A
Published: May 2020

The coating produced by electron beam overlay welding of a nitrogen alloyed austenitic steel (24.40Cr, 16.40Mn, 0.18Ni, 1.1Si, 0.57C, 0.70N, and bal Fe (in wt.%)) is investigated. Electron beam overlay welding is performed by a continuous low-energy (27 keV), low-current (0.02–0.04 A) focused electron beam using electron beam setup (ISPMS SB RAS, Russia) with a residual pressure of 0.1 Pa. This paper examines microstructure, phase composition, chemical composition of the coating by OM/AES/XRD/SEM/EDS methods. The obtained coating is pore-free and exhibits high work hardening characteristics. Friction loads induce the γ;→α′ transformation in the wear process. With increasing friction loads, the friction coefficient decreases.
Application prospects of ASM 4603-SA surfacing material modified with hard-melting components for reconstruction of rollers for continuous casting machines
Authors: Makarov A V , Kudryashov A E , Vladimirov A A , Titova A P , Avdeeva N E
Published: May 2020

The results of researches aimed at studying the possibility of using ASM 4603-SA surfacing material modified with hard-melting components, namely tungsten carbide and boron nitride hexagonal, for reconstructing the rollers of continuous casting machines by electric arc surfacing are covered. It is shown that such material has higher wear resistance in comparison with the surfacing flux-cored wire 25Cr5VMoSi, as well as high resistance to cracks formation and net shaped marks as a result of cyclic high-temperature influences.
Influence of leakage on characteristics of the vacuum transport unit based on the water-ring pump
Authors: Naumov V A
Published: May 2020

The mathematical model of the liquid pumping process using the autonomous vacuum transport unit based on the water-ring pump is proposed. Such units are used, in particular, for pumping aggressive liquids. The performance characteristics of ERSTVAK’s ELRS-2 water-ring vacuum pump were used in the calculation. The system of differential equations was solved numerically. An increase in the leakage coefficient leads to a raising the absolute pressure in the tank at the end of the first stage. As a result, the volume of liquid pumped in one cycle is noticeably reduced. Therefore, the average performance and efficiency of the unit is significantly reduced. The duration of one cycle changes slightly
Features of planning an automated production line of manipulator-type machines
Authors: Shabashov A A
Published: May 2020

Features of the development of automated processing of parts of manipulator type machines are considered. Optimization of the solution of transport problems leading to a change in the production structure of the enterprise, a change in the specialization forms of its workshops and production sites, a change in freight flow patterns, freight turnover values and associated transport and process schemes for handling unit loads are presented. All these transformations of transport and process schemes result in a change in the general plan of the enterprise, layout schemes of its production buildings, workshops and production sites and other changes in the production and organizational structure. A more detailed solution of the problem of determining the optimal routes in a lean production system is the optimization of process routes at the level of developing routing maps of technological processes for manufacturing each part of the product and assembly processes. Relying on key business processes and organizing assembly production on new principles, the enlarged planning of the production process made it possible to design a modern production module.
An experimental study of the location of the grid bars cells installed under spiked cylinders in a cotton cleaner from small waste
Authors: Rajabov O I , Abrorov A S , Mirzaqulova N I , Zaripov G B , Ziyodullaeva Kh S
Published: May 2020

The article presents materials of experimental studies on the installation of the grid bars surface of a cotton cleaner - raw from small waste. In this case, the grid bars surface is mount perpendicularly, parallel to and at an angle of 45° relative to the center of rotation of the spiked cylinders. The research results of all options are analyzed in the form of a histogram. The experiments were conduct on breeding varieties of cotton - raw “Bukhara-6”, “Namangan-77”.
Application of thermal effect as a means to combat ground-and-machine part adhesion
Authors: Zenkov S A
Published: May 2020

The main cause of the efficiency decrease in productivity of earthmoving machines is the adhesion and friction increase during the development of wet bonded soils under freezing point. This problem exists both in Russia and abroad. When developing frozen clay and wet soils operational winter, the bucket filling and the excavator speed is much lower in winter than in summer. Wet soil, contacting with cooled walls of the bucket, quickly freezes to them, reducing the useful capacity of the bucket and makes unloading difficult. The analysis of self-regulating heating elements has been reviewed. Three TM-40, TM-60 and SRL 30-2 heating elements are considered as possible options to use directly on the excavator bucket to loosen adhesive bonds by heating the working surface of the plant. The results of experimental research are presented, one-factor equations of plate heating temperature regression for each of the heating elements are presented, temperature-time characteristics of three heating elements are constructed, comparative analysis of three TM-40, TM-60 and SRL 30-2 heating elements is made.
Determining a numerical efficiency indicator for a mobile bricklaying robot
Authors: Malakhov A V , Shutin D V , Marfin K V
Published: May 2020

Evaluation of a technical solution in construction usually is based on technical and economic indicators. However, this approach does not always gives a full assessment. It does not take into account a number of factors accompanying the process of capital construction. In particular technical and economic indicators used for analysis of construction from blocks are based on regulatory documentation, namely, the cost and labor input per cubic meter of masonry. At the same time, the efficiency of labor is not taken into account. This article presents a model of numerical evaluation of the effectiveness of using a mobile bricklaying robot. This model takes into account variety of factors and allows you to more accurately assess the applicability of such a robot for the construction of a specific object.
Methods for choosing state stimulation forms of investing the high-tech production for civilian purposes
Authors: Smolina E Yu , Malanina Yu N
Published: May 2020

The article focuses on the leading part of the innovative development which is played by high-tech sectors of the economy, including the military-industrial complex focusing the innovative potential of high-tech industries. The article emphasizes that in the context of reducing military expenditures, the most important factor in the development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex is the production of high-tech products for civilian purposes. However, the production of high-tech civilian products requires significant financial investments, even if state support is provided. In this connection, the problem of choosing the forms of this support for investments in producing the high-tech civilian products at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex becomes particularly urgent. The article describes the difficulties faced by the military-industrial complex entering the market of civilian products. The article provides a formula for calculating budget efficiency, since the basis for a positive decision to provide state support is the value of the calculated indicator of budget efficiency of production. Based on the evaluating the effectiveness of commercial and budgetary investments obtained by the proposed formula, a decision can be made to invest in the production of high-tech civilian products.
1. What is number theory?
Authors: Wilson Robin
Published: May 2020

‘What is number theory?’ puts number theory in its historical context, from the Pythagoreans to the present, explaining integers (whole numbers), prime numbers (the building blocks of number theory) squares and cubes, and perfect numbers (numbers whose factors add up to the number itself). How long can gaps between prime numbers be? Is there a formula for producing perfect numbers? Which primes can be expressed as a sum of squares? Other questions arise when we start adding primes.
5. The ecology of smell
Authors: Cobb Matthew
Published: May 2020

Ecology is complex. ‘The ecology of smell’ demonstrates that smell is no exception. Some organisms even use olfactory trickery and chemical confusion to ensure their needs are met. The consequences of this can be minor, as in a flower or plant delivering a simulacrum of sex rather than the promised pollen or nectar—or it can be catastrophic, as in parasitoids taking over a host’s body to consume it from the inside. Some ecological relationships are beneficial rather than exploitative, such as the relationship between humans and fruit flies. We can use smell to disrupt insects’ reactions and urges, as in the use of sprays against mosquitoes.
The ecological dimension of globalization
Authors: Steger Manfred B.
Published: May 2020

‘The ecological dimension of globalization’ examines the impact of the economic, political, and cultural aspects of globalization on ecological issues. Human-made disasters such as Chernobyl, Deepwater Horizon, and the Fukushima meltdown have made an impact described as glocal, in which their effects were not confined within one nation’s borders. Uncontrolled population growth, global warming, and climate change are all accentuated by the process of globalization. Some progress has been made such as at the 2015 Paris climate meeting, but progress is slow. This phase of globalization has severely damaged the environment, and it remains to be seen whether the breaking down of borders will now help us cooperate on a solution.
Impact of Public Health Interventions on Seasonal Influenza Activity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyunju , Lee Heeyoung , Song Kyoung-Ho , Kim Eu Suk , Park Jeong Su , Jung Jongtak , Ahn Soyeon , Jeong Eun Kyeong , Park Hyekyung , Kim Hong Bin
Published: May 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was introduced in Korea early with a large outbreak in mid-February. We reviewed the public health interventions used during the COVID-19 outbreak and describe the impact on seasonal influenza activity in Korea.

Methods

National response strategies, public health interventions and daily COVID-19–confirmed cases in Korea were reviewed during the pandemic. National influenza surveillance data were compared between 7 sequential seasons. Characteristics of each season, including rate of influenza-like illness (ILI), duration of epidemic, date of termination of epidemic, distribution of influenza virus strain, and hospitalization, were analyzed.

Results

After various public health interventions including enforced public education on hand hygiene, cough etiquette, staying at home with respiratory symptoms, universal mask use in public places, refrain from nonessential social activities, and school closures the duration of the influenza epidemic in 2019/2020 decreased by 6–12 weeks and the influenza activity peak rated 49.8 ILIs/1000 visits compared to 71.9–86.2 ILIs/1000 visits in previous seasons. During the period of enforced social distancing from weeks 9–17 of 2020, influenza hospitalization cases were 11.9–26.9-fold lower compared with previous seasons. During the 2019/2020 season, influenza B accounted for only 4%, in contrast to previous seasons in which influenza B accounted for 26.6–54.9% of all cases.

Conclusions

Efforts to activate a high-level national response not only led to a decrease in COVID-19 but also a substantial decrease in seasonal influenza activity. Interventions applied to control COVID-19 may serve as useful strategies for prevention and control of influenza in upcoming seasons.
Predictors for Severe COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Bhargava Ashish , Fukushima Elisa Akagi , Levine Miriam , Zhao Wei , Tanveer Farah , Szpunar Susanna M , Saravolatz Louis
Published: May 2020

Background

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Predictors for severe COVID-19 infection have not been well defined. Determination of risk factors for severe infection would enable identifying patients who may benefit from aggressive supportive care and early intervention.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study of 197 patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary academic medical center.

Results

Of 197 hospitalized patients, the mean (SD) age of the cohort was 60.6 (16.2) years, 103 (52.3%) were male, and 156 (82.1%) were black. Severe COVID-19 infection was noted in 74 (37.6%) patients, requiring intubation. Patients aged above 60 were significantly more likely to have severe infection. Patients with severe infection were significantly more likely to have diabetes, renal disease, and chronic pulmonary disease and had significantly higher white blood cell counts, lower lymphocyte counts, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) than patients with nonsevere infection. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, risk factors for severe infection included pre-existing renal disease (odds ratio [OR], 7.4; 95% CI, 2.5–22.0), oxygen requirement at hospitalization (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.7), acute renal injury (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.6), and CRP on admission (OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.001–1.01). Race, age, and socioeconomic status were not independent predictors.

Conclusions

Acute or pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen upon hospitalization, and admission CRP were independent predictors for the development of severe COVID-19. Every 1-unit increase in CRP increased the risk of severe disease by 0.06%.
Long-term ACE Inhibitor/ARB Use Is Associated With Severe Renal Dysfunction and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Severe COVID-19: Results From a Referral Center Cohort in the Northeast of France
Authors: Oussalah Abderrahim , Gleye Stanislas , Clerc Urmes Isabelle , Laugel Elodie , Callet Jonas , Barbé Françoise , Orlowski Sophie , Malaplate Catherine , Aimone-Gastin Isabelle , Caillierez Beatrice Maatem , Merten Marc , Jeannesson Elise , Kormann Raphaël , Olivier Jean-Luc , Rodriguez-Guéant Rosa-Maria , Namour Farès , Bevilacqua Sybille , Losser Marie-Reine , Levy Bruno , Kimmoun Antoine , Gibot Sébastien , Thilly Nathalie , Frimat Luc , Schvoerer Evelyne , Guéant Jean-Louis
Published: May 2020

Background

In patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), data are scarce and conflicting regarding whether chronic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) influences disease outcomes. In patients with severe COVID-19, we assessed the association between chronic ACEI/ARB use and the occurrence of kidney, lung, heart, and liver dysfunctions and the severity of the inflammatory reaction as evaluated by biomarkers kinetics, and their association with disease outcomes.

Methods

We performed a retrospective longitudinal cohort study on consecutive patients with newly diagnosed severe COVID-19. Independent predictors were assessed through receiver operating characteristic analysis, time-series analysis, logistic regression analysis, and multilevel modeling for repeated measures.

Results

On the 149 patients included in the study 30% (44/149) were treated with ACEI/ARB. ACEI/ARB use was independently associated with the following biochemical variations: phosphorus >40 mg/L (odds ratio [OR], 3.35, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–6.14), creatinine >10.1 mg/L (OR, 3.22, 2.28–4.54), and urea nitrogen (UN) >0.52 g/L (OR, 2.65, 95% CI, 1.89–3.73). ACEI/ARB use was independently associated with acute kidney injury stage ≥1 (OR, 3.28, 95% CI, 2.17–4.94). The daily dose of ACEI/ARB was independently associated with altered kidney markers with an increased risk of +25 to +31% per each 10 mg increment of lisinopril-dose equivalent. In multivariable multilevel modeling, UN >0.52 g/L was independently associated with the risk of acute respiratory failure (OR, 3.54, 95% CI, 1.05–11.96).

Conclusions

Patients chronically treated with ACEI/ARB who have severe COVID-19 are at increased risk of acute kidney injury. In these patients, the increase in UN associated with ACEI/ARB use could predict the development of acute respiratory failure.
Monitoring Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Through Trends in Influenza-like Illness, Laboratory-confirmed Influenza, and COVID-19—New York State, Excluding New York City, 1 January 2020–12 April 2020
Authors: Rosenberg Eli S , Hall Eric W , Rosenthal Elizabeth M , Maxted Angela M , Gowie Donna L , Dufort Elizabeth M , Blog Debra S , Hoefer Dina , George Kirsten St , Hutton Brad J , Zucker Howard A ,   New York State Coronavirus 2019 Response Team, Anand Madhu , Backenson Bryon , Kaufman Alison , Kuhles Daniel , Muse Alison , Newman Alexandra , Pulver Wendy , Smith Lou , Sommer Jamie , White Jennifer , Dean Amy , Derbyshire Victoria , Egan Christina , Fuschino Meghan , Griesemer Sara , Hull Rene , Lamson Daryl , Laplante Jennifer , McDonough Kathleen , Mitchell Kara , Nazarian Elizabeth , Popowich Michael , Taylor Jill , Walsh Anne , Amler Sherlita , Huang Ada , Recchia Renee , Whalen Elizabeth , Lewis Elizabeth , Friedman Cynthia , Carrera Sandra , Eisenstein Lawrence , DeSimone Ann , Morne Johanne , Johnson Megan , Navarette Kristen , Kumar Jessica , Ostrowski Stephanie , Mazeau Andrienne , Dreslin Sally , Yates Nora , Greene Danielle , Heslin Eugene , Lutterloh Emily , Holtgrave David , Barranco Meredith
Published: May 2020

Innovative monitoring approaches are needed to track the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and potentially assess the impact of community mitigation interventions. We present temporal data on influenza-like illness, influenza diagnosis, and COVID-19 cases for all 4 regions of New York State through the first 6 weeks of the outbreak.
Exome sequencing links CEP120 mutation to maternally derived aneuploid conception risk
Authors: Tyc Katarzyna M , El Yakoubi Warif , Bag Aishee , Landis Jessica , Zhan Yiping , Treff Nathan R , Scott Richard T , Tao Xin , Schindler Karen , Xing Jinchuan
Published: May 2020

STUDY QUESTION

What are the genetic factors that increase the risk of aneuploid egg production?

SUMMARY ANSWER

A non-synonymous variant rs2303720 within centrosomal protein 120 (CEP120) disrupts female meiosis in vitro in mouse.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

The production of aneuploid eggs, with an advanced maternal age as an established contributing factor, is the major cause of IVF failure, early miscarriage and developmental anomalies. The identity of maternal genetic variants contributing to egg aneuploidy irrespective of age is missing.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION

Patients undergoing fertility treatment (n = 166) were deidentified and selected for whole-exome sequencing.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS

Patients self-identified their ethnic groups and their ages ranged from 22 to 49 years old. The study was performed using genomes from White, non-Hispanic patients divided into controls (97) and cases (69) according to the number of aneuploid blastocysts derived during each IVF procedure. Following a gene prioritization strategy, a mouse oocyte system was used to validate the functional significance of the discovered associated genetic variants.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

Patients producing a high proportion of aneuploid blastocysts (considered aneuploid if they missed any of the 40 chromatids or had extra copies) were found to carry a higher mutational burden in genes functioning in cytoskeleton and microtubule pathways. Validation of the functional significance of a non-synonymous variant rs2303720 within Cep120 on mouse oocyte meiotic maturation revealed that ectopic expression of CEP120:p.Arg947His caused decreased spindle microtubule nucleation efficiency and increased incidence of aneuploidy.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION

Functional validation was performed using the mouse oocyte system. Because spindle building pathways differ between mouse and human oocytes, the defects we observed upon ectopic expression of the Cep120 variant may alter mouse oocyte meiosis differently than human oocyte meiosis. Further studies using knock-in ‘humanized’ mouse models and in human oocytes will be needed to translate our findings to human system. Possible functional differences of the variant between ethnic groups also need to be investigated.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS

Variants in centrosomal genes appear to be important contributors to the risk of maternal aneuploidy. Functional validation of these variants will eventually allow prescreening to select patients that have better chances to benefit from preimplantation genetic testing.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)

This study was funded through R01-HD091331 to K.S. and J.X. and EMD Serono Grant for Fertility Innovation to N.R.T. N.R.T. is a shareholder and an employee of Genomic Prediction.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

N/A.