bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESULTS OF ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF FEED CONSUMPTION BY FARM POULTRY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF NATURAL PLANT SUBSTANCES
Authors: Duskaev Galimzhan K. , Nurzhanov Baer S. , Rakhmatullin Shamil G. , Atlanderova Ksenia N.
Published: February 2025

Background. In recent years, plant feed additives have received increasing attention as a natural alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production, which can be included in feed in dried, solid and ground form or as extracts. Among herbal supplements, there is growing interest in essential oils for use in nutrition as they have been shown to have much higher biological activity compared to the raw materials from which they were extracted. Cinnamaldehyde is the main component of essential oils (up to 90%) and cassia (up to 75%), which determines their smell.
Materials and methods. Objects of study: Arbor Acres cross broiler chickens, cinnamaldehyde. For the experiment, 180 heads of 7-day-old broiler chickens were selected, which were divided into 4 groups using the analogue method (n = 45). Control group (C) received the basic diet (BR), experimental group I (CA-I) (RR + cinnamaldehyde 15 mg/kg feed/day), experimental group II (CA-II) (RR + cinnamaldehyde 30 mg/day kg of feed/day), III experimental group (CA-III) (OR + cinnamaldehyde 55 mg/kg of feed/day). Feeding of the experimental birds was carried out 2 times a day, and food intake was recorded daily. Birds were decapitated under nembutal ether on the 42nd day. Post-mortem anatomical cutting of carcasses 7 was carried out according to the VNITIP method. Hematological parameters (number and type of leukocytes) were taken into account using an automatic hematological analyzer URIT-2900 Vet Plus (URIT Medical Electronic Group Co., Ltd, China). Biochemical analysis of blood serum was performed on an automatic biochemical analyzer CS-T240 (Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd, China).
Results. Broiler chickens from the CA-III group ate feed by 4.66%, 6.91 and 3.47% more relative to the control, CA-I and CA-II groups. On average, during the experimental period, broilers of the CA-II and CA-III groups had superiority over birds from the control group in terms of average daily live weight gain by 4.94 and 8.47%, and in absolute terms - by 4.93 and 7.98%. Broilers from experimental groups CA-II and CA-III were characterized by high pre-slaughter live weight, so in this indicator they exceeded group C by 4.50 and 7.27%.
Conclusion. Inclusion of cinnamaldehyde in the diet of broiler chickens in an amount of 15-55 mg contributed to an increase in feed palatability and live weight, against the background of lower feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain and an increase in the antioxidant status of the body.
Bacterial secondary metabolites as promising “green” microbiologically influenced corrosion inhibitors/biocides: a review
Authors: Tkachuk Nataliia , Zelena Liubov
Published: February 2025

A number of ecological, economic and medical problems arise as a result of damage to building materials by various groups of microorganisms (microbiologically influenced corrosion), as well as due to the treatment of these materials with toxic chemical biocides/inhibitors. Artificial addition of “green” biocides/inhibitors (in particular, of secondary metabolites of heterotrophic bacteria) into corrosive environments is considered as a promising approach to avoid such problems. This review is an attempt to summarize the information on the possibilities of using microbial secondary metabolites as “green” inhibitors/biocides of microbiologically influenced corrosion. The information on the anticorrosive, antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm activity of the secondary metabolites of microorganisms (antibiotics, lipopeptides, exopolysaccharides, siderophores) as well as metallic nanoparticles biosynthesized and conjugated with bacterial secondary metabolites as promising biocides/inhibitors of microbiologically influenced corrosion to protect materials from microbial deterioration, and further prospects of this approach are analyzed. It is emphasized that the inhibition of microbiologically influenced corrosion processes with the help of secondary metabolites is an environmentally safe approach that can be considered from four interrelated points of view: corrosion inhibitors, antimicrobial compounds, antibiofilm compounds, regulators of microbial corrosively active groups.
The Importance of Sleep in Athletic Performance - A Systematic Review
Authors: Białeta Julia , Rowińska Katarzyna , Siembab Karolina , Jurkiewicz Michalina , Napieralska Agnieszka , Garbarczyk Wiktor , Kapla Albert , Černohorská Alicja , Pysiewicz Wiktoria , Bednarczyk Daria
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Sleep influences the well-being of every person, but it is especially important for athletes1. This review analyses the impact that quality and duration of sleep has on physical and cognitive performance in athletes. It also examines the strategies for optimizing sleep, such as extending the duration of sleep, adding naps during the day and educating athletes about sleep hygiene.
Results
Research conclusively states that insufficient sleep impairs physical endurance and strength, reduces coordination and increases injury risk2–5. It impacts cognitive processes – decreases focus, diminishes strategic thinking and slows reaction times6.
Evidence reveals that sleep interventions such as prolonging sleep duration, napping during the day and blue-enriched light exposure lead to improving sleep in athletes7.
Summary
By integrating findings from a range of studies, this review emphasizes the role of sleep as an indispensable pillar of sports performance optimization. It offers practical implications and limitations to the analyzed studies.
Risk factors for valgus subsidence in uncemented medial unicompartimental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gallant Alexander , Vandekerckhove Pieter-Jan , Beckers Lucas , De Smet Arne , Depuydt Cedric , Victor Jan , Hardeman François
Published: February 2025

Aims

Valgus subsidence of uncemented tibial components following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) poses a challenge in the early postoperative phase, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence, risk factors, and impact on patient outcomes.

Methods

This prospective multicentre study analyzed 97 knees from 90 patients undergoing UKA across four participating hospitals. A standardized surgical technique was employed uniformly by all participating surgeons. Postoperative evaluations were conducted preoperatively, and one day, four weeks, three months, and one year postoperative, encompassing weightbearing radiographs, bone mineral density assessments, and clinical outcome reports using the Forgotten Joint Score and Oxford Knee Score. Statistical analyses, including non-parametric correlation analysis using the Kendall correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test, were performed to explore associations between subsidence and various patient-related or radiological parameters.

Results

A total of eight patients showed more than 2° valgus subsidence (8.2%), higher than previously reported rates. There were significant correlations between subsidence and higher preoperative varus alignment of the tibia, larger adaptation of the preoperative varus to a postoperative neutral or valgus alignment, mediolateral undersizing of the tibial component, excessive lateral load of tibial component by more lateral position of femoral component relative to tibial component, a lower T-score, and female sex. Our study found no significant difference in pain scores between subsidence and non-subsidence groups at various postoperative milestones.

Conclusion

These findings corroborate earlier suggested risk factors based on biomechanical models. Further research might provide the opportunity to identify high-risk groups preoperatively and adapt treatment strategies for these patients.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(2):178–185.
Asia–Middle East Relations and the Global Power Dynamic: Insights from the Israel-Hamas War
Authors: Evron Yoram , Kowner Rotem , Birvadker Oshrit
Published: February 2025

executive summary: This article examines the reactions of Asia’s main powers—China, India, and Japan—to the Israel-Hamas war as a case study of their involvement in Middle East conflicts, finding both that relations with the U.S. are a primary factor in their positions and that their willingness for active involvement remains limited. main argumentInteractions between Asia and the Middle East are significantly intensifying in the 21st century. However, the reciprocal influence between these regions is still in its early stages and the full nature of these relations remains to be understood. Mega-events in the Middle East, such as the Israel-Hamas war, provide unique occasions to examine the changing involvement of Asian powers in the region. While India’s and Japan’s pragmatic approaches to the Middle East are constrained by domestic factors, China takes a more strategic approach. It effectively leverages regional crises to further its foreign policy goals, tactically using domestic voices as instruments to advance its international agenda. policy implications• Relations with the U.S. are the primary factor shaping the positions of China, India, and Japan on Middle East conflicts. However, India’s calculations are notably intricate due to its heightened sensitivity to domestic Muslim resentment. • China and Japan are increasing their diplomatic involvement in Middle East conflicts to elevate their global political profiles, but they remain unwilling to play an active role. China compensates for this with inflammatory rhetoric. • China leverages Middle East conflicts to strengthen its leadership position within the global South bloc, consequently testing the limits of its “everyone’s friend” policy in the region. Similarly for India, maintaining a neutral stance and enhancing its influence within the global South are key considerations.
Introduction: A New Kind of American Revolution
Authors: Beiler Rosalind J. , Ridner Judith
Published: February 2025

Abstract: An introductory essay to the special issue, "A New Kind of American Revolution," exploring recent scholarship on the American Revolution in acknowledgment of its 250th anniversary.
The Captives of Ticonderoga: Coercing Prisoner-of-War Labor in Revolutionary Connecticut, 1775–1777
Authors: Jones T. Cole
Published: February 2025

Abstract: In May 1775, Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys' surprise capture of British-held Fort Ticonderoga marked the first offensive victory for the nascent Patriot cause in the American Revolutionary War. Beyond the well-known strategic significance of this victory lies a largely overlooked story of coercion and exploitation. This article examines the fate of the British prisoners captured at Ticonderoga, arguing that their subsequent treatment by the revolutionary authorities in Connecticut laid the foundation for a coercive method of prisoner-of-war management that would be adopted by other colonies and eventually institutionalized by the Continental Congress. With no established policy for handling prisoners of war at the struggle's outset, Connecticut officials drew on precedents from earlier conflicts, such as the English Civil Wars and the colonial wars of the eighteenth century, to revive a practice of hiring out prisoners to local farmers and artisans. This approach both mitigated the logistical burdens of prisoner care and proved profitable for the colony. In so doing, Connecticut authorities openly violated the established rules of war in European conflicts to which Patriot leaders had hoped to adhere. By situating the Ticonderoga prisoners within the wider context of early modern warfare, European legal norms, and colonial labor practices, this article highlights the tension between the Patriots' humanitarian aspirations and the harsh realities of revolutionary conflict.
“By Special Arrangement”: The Effects of Copyright on Nineteenth-Century Australian Newspaper Fiction Publishing
Authors: Burnett Clare J.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Using digitized archival evidence, this paper investigates the impact and implications of copyright laws on newspaper fiction publishing during Australia’s pivotal pre-Federation period. Previous scholarly thought in this area has placed imperial publishing regulations and conventions in a position of preeminence and implied that a homogenous body of newspaper literature was made available to colonial Australians as a result. However, through both statistical and qualitative analysis of newly available datasets, this paper finds that Australian newspapers in fact published a more diverse range of fiction than this picture of imperial hegemonic influence can account for.
Mary Elizabeth Braddon vs. the Pall Mall Gazette : Controlling and Exploiting the Boundaries of Editorial Identity
Authors: Robertson Carley
Published: February 2025

Abstract: In late 1867, the Pall Mall Gazette published a series of articles and letters alleging that Babington White’s Circe was plagiarized from Octave Feuillet’s Dalila . Couched as an argument for literary integrity, the increasingly personal and virulent attacks targeted not only White but also the periodical Belgravia and its editress Mary Elizabeth Braddon. The resulting back-and-forth reads like a drama set in the pages of the newspaper; however, close analysis of the rhetorical moves of the various players points to larger gendered debates about who was allowed to operate in the literary marketplace and under what conditions.
Stimuli-driven control of self-assembled radial-lying hierarchical superstructures of chiral nematics by using acoustic waves
Authors: Selvaraj Pravinraj , Lin Fang-Tzu , Huang Chi-Tang , Tuan Pi-Hui , Cheng Ko-Ting
Published: February 2025

Supramolecular functional helical superstructures are typical structures exhibiting many fascinating properties and performances. In nature, cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are self-assembled soft helical superstructures that display orientation-dependent features of supramolecular helical architectures and have potential scientific applications. The most intriguing applications of CLCs primarily depend on the various orientations of their helical axis. We have successfully manipulated the focal conic into imperfect planar textures by using external acoustic stimuli through a CLC cell treated with a planar alignment layer. However, intense acoustic stimuli induce a thermal effect, disordered CLC structures, and the aggregation of chiral dopants. To tackle this issue, we proposed a new self-assembly approach to control CLC helical superstructures through acoustic stimuli. This method enabled the switch of the initial focal conic texture into a unique self-assemble radial-lying hierarchical superstructure (RLHS) texture, providing high transmission and enabling the maintenance of a permanently steady state even after removing external stimuli. Furthermore, the addition of dichroic dyes confirmed the radial aliment of the RLHS structure by utilizing polarized light absorption features, which highlighted the radially oriented helical axes. The device enables the self-assembly of soft matter, leading to new superstructures with practical applications in anti-counterfeiting and other branches of science.
Demonstration of controlled spatial incoherence for beam smoothing
Authors: Dorrer C. , Spilatro M. A.
Published: February 2025

A concept for beam smoothing of high-energy laser systems is demonstrated. Multiple coherent beams are multiplexed so that their incoherent mix decreases the far-field nonuniformity after random spatial phase modulation introduced by a phase plate. Modeling shows that the incoherent mix effectively leads to the expected scaling in terms of the number of uncorrelated beams, and that spatial multiplexing can be combined with smoothing by spectral dispersion. The results of an experimental demonstration of this concept with up to six beams, leading to more than 40 modes with polarization multiplexing and angular dispersion, are consistent with expectations. The potential practical advantages of this smoothing scheme and future developments are discussed.
Optimized dual-band amplified spontaneous emission properties of PFO and BUBD-1 blend films based on TADF materials
Authors: Xu Zhenjiang , Wang Lei , Niu Ziying , Wang Yongqiang , Xu Zijie , Li Shuhong , Liu Yunlong , Wang Wenjun
Published: February 2025

Dual-band amplified spontaneous emission (DB-ASE) can serve as an effective spectral analysis technique for the detection of specific chemical or biological molecules. In this study, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials were employed to improve the DB-ASE performance of the PFO: BUBD-1 system and the optoelectronic properties of the corresponding organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Due to the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) effect and Förster energy transfer (FRET) in the TADF material DPAC-PPM, the ASE threshold of blend films decreased from 12.29 ± 0.49 to 3.78 ± 0.28μJ/pulse (460 nm) and from 12.69 ± 0.51 to 3.83 ± 0.28 μJ/pulse (490 nm). Moreover, OLEDs incorporating TADF materials in the emission layer exhibited improved performance. The energy transfer analysis revealed that the singlet (both prompt and delayed) energy of TADF material can be transferred to both PFO and BUBD-1, promoting fluorescence and thereby enhancing both DB-ASE and OLED performance. The incorporation of TADF materials in the emission layer offers a promising pathway toward the development of organic semiconductor lasers.
Centimetre-scale micro-transfer printing to enable heterogeneous integration of thin film lithium niobate with silicon photonics
Authors: Niels Margot , Vanackere Tom , Vandekerckhove Tom , Poelman Stijn , Reep Tom , Roelkens Günther , Billet Maximilien , Kuyken Bart
Published: February 2025

The integrated photonics CMOS-compatible silicon nitride (SiN) platform is praised for its low propagation loss but is limited by its lack of active functionalities such as a strong Pockels coefficient and intrinsic χ(2) nonlinearity. In this paper, we demonstrate the integration of centimetre-long thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) devices on a SiN platform using the micro-transfer printing (µTP) method. At a wavelength of 1550 nm, propagation losses of approximately 0.9 dB/cm and transition losses of 1.8 dB per facet were measured. Furthermore, the TFLN was integrated into an imbalanced push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator, achieving a Vπ of 3.2 V. The electro-optic nature of the observed modulation is confirmed by measuring the device up to 35 GHz, showing that the printing does not affect the high-speed LN properties.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin , Curtis Susan , Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri , Folz Christina , Kirkland Alessia , Lanford Hannah , Sender Rachel
Published: February 2025

Resonant time crystals hit the spot / Illuminating black holes /
How to recycle the tiniest lasers / Infrared spectroscopy on-chip / Laser
light casts a shadow / Diffractive robots set the pace in microscale
optics / Industry news
Optimization of the Parameters of the Detector of Ionizing Radiation on the Base of Waveguide Ring Resonators with Hyperlinked Fluoropolymer
Authors: Marciniak Marian , Goncharenko Igor , Ilyushonak Aliaksandr , Reabtsev Vitaly
Published: February 2025

Optimization of the Parameters of the Detector of Ionizing Radiation on the Base of Waveguide Ring Resonators with Hyperlinked Fluoropolymer
We demonstrated the possibility to use the microring resonators based on the slot waveguide for measuring the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation. In order to increase the sensitivity of the waveguide guiding properties to ionizing radiation effect the slots are filled with hyperlinked fluoropolymer. The optimization of the parameters of the slot waveguides to achieve the maximum detector sensitivity to the ionizing radiation effect has been carried out. The sensitivity of the detector on the base of double slot waveguides with optimized parameters and radius of the waveguide bend equal 67.8 μm is 103.5 μA/kGy, measuring range is 85 kGy, detector resolution is 0.2 Gy.
Single-Shot Electro Optic Sampling with Arbitrary Terahertz Polarization
Authors: Lenz Maximilian , Musumeci Pietro
Published: February 2025

With the recent development of Diversity Electro-Optic Sampling (DEOS), significant progress has been made in the range of applicability of single shot EOS measurements, allowing broadband THz waveforms to be captured in a single shot over large temporal windows. In addition to the decrease in acquisition time compared to standard multishot data acquisition, this technique allows measurements on systems far from equilibrium with large shot-to-shot noise or with irreversible or poorly repeatable dynamics. Although DEOS has been demonstrated and verified for linearly polarized THz waveforms, we investigate the effects resulting from the presence of a secondary polarization component. This imposes new challenges for accurate waveform reconstruction, and opens the opportunity to measure out complex polarization states such as arbitrary elliptically polarized THz. We demonstrate a single-shot diversity electro-optic sampling-based approach to capture both x- and y-THz fields simultaneously with a single (110)-cut EO crystal for THz polarimetry and ellipsometry over a wide range of frequencies.
Enhancing blood availability in Latin America: A study on public perceptions and barriers to blood donation in Guatemala during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Torres Perez-Iglesias Carolina , Monzon Jose C. , Faria Isabella , Kundu Shreenik , Zil-E-Ali Ahsan , Raykar Nakul , Asturias Sabrina
Published: February 2025

This study explores public perceptions and the barriers to voluntary blood donation during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala, a country with one of the lowest voluntary donation rates in Latin America. We additionally aimed to identify the population factors influencing blood donation behavior and to inform strategies for enhancing blood availability in the region. Between August and September 2020, an anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted using purposive sampling. Respondents were asked about their donation history, awareness of donation processes, preferences, and barriers and motivators for blood donation. Data collection included quantitative and qualitative data. Comparative analyses by gender, age, and education level were performed and regression models were used to identify predictors of blood donation behavior. Thematic content analysis was applied to open-ended responses. Among 1141 respondents, 53.5% reported a history of previous blood donation, with the majority occurring via referred donations to family or friends (78.5%). Key factors such as male gender, older age, and higher education correlated with a higher likelihood of previous donation. Familiarity with donation centers and willingness to donate strongly influenced donation behavior. Despite 89% of never donors expressing willingness to donate, barriers like limited access to donation centers, insufficient information, and concerns over hygiene and safety were prevalent. This study highlights the significant public willingness to donate blood in Guatemala, but identified key barriers that must be addressed. Understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted initiatives to improve blood availability in Guatemala and across Latin America, particularly during health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic,.
Prevalence and correlates of sexual violence against adolescents: Quantitative evidence from rural and urban communities in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Abreu Liliana , Hecker Tobias , Goessmann Katharina , Abioye Taiwo Oludare , Olorunlambe Wasiu , Hoeffler Anke
Published: February 2025

Despite the recognized need to address the prevention of sexual violence against adolescents in Nigeria, significant research gaps persist in understanding the patterns, determinants, and impacts of such violence, particularly regarding regional variations and the specific developmental needs of adolescents across different stages. This study provides Nigerian regional prevalence estimates disaggregated by gender, rural/urban, and in/out-of-school populations, while also identifying socio-demographic and cultural determinants related to increased vulnerability. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in South-West Nigeria with a sample of 961 adolescents, targeting in- and out-of-school adolescents aged 13–17 years. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed.The prevalence of any form of SV since age 12 was 69.4%, with higher rates among out-of-school adolescents and boys. Non-contact abuse (63.2%), passive contact abuse (41.9%), and active contact abuse (28.7%) were the most common forms reported. Peers were the dominant perpetrators (77.1%), followed by other adults (27.9%). Being male (OR 2.033), older (OR 1.214 per year), involved in a romantic relationship (OR 2.731), and experiencing SV before age 12 (OR 4.622) were significant risk factors. Higher household wealth (OR 0.902 per asset) and emotional support from both parents (OR 0.413) were protective factors.This study highlights the high burden of SV against adolescents in Nigeria, with concerning patterns of male victimization and peer perpetration. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive, evidence-based strategies addressing emotional support, social norms, power dynamics, and economic vulnerabilities to prevent and respond to this problem effectively.
Transcriptomic and biochemical insights into key gene networks driving bulbil development of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit
Authors: Jia Xiwei , Jiu Xijia , Liu Yuan , Guo Chao , Liu Dong , Zhao Xin , Chen Honggang , Du Tao
Published: February 2025

In this study, we explored the developmental characteristics of Pinellia ternate bulbils as well as the key gene networks driving the development of bulbils. Based on physiological and biochemical reactions as well as transcriptome technology, this study determined the content of endogenous metabolites and related enzyme activities during the five growth stages of the bulbils, obtained the transcriptome information of all samples. The results showed that the contents of sucrose and starch increased significantly in the ZY_2 and ZY_4 stages, and the changes in the activities of SPS, SuSy, and SS were basically consistent with the changing characteristics of sucrose and starch content. The contents of ABA and JA generally showed an increasing trend from ZY_1 to ZY_4, while the content of IAA was significantly higher only in ZY_1 and ZY_4 stages compared to other stages. In order to get more bioinformatic support for these results, RNA-Seq analysis was performed. There were 12 key enzyme genes differentially expressed in the sucrose-starch metabolic pathway, and 14 enzyme genes differentially expressed in the above-mentioned endogenous hormone metabolic pathway. Their expression characteristics well supported the measurement results of physiological and biochemical substances. Our results showed that ZY_2 and ZY_4 stages are the critical periods for the accumulation of sucrose and starch in the bulbils. JA has an important role in the whole development process of bulbils, which may enhance the adaptability of the bulbils to the environment in the transition process from the tender to the mature tissues. The low concentration of GA was beneficial to the normal development of the bulbils. IAA may have a strong regulatory role in the initial formation stage of the bulbils, which is beneficial to their tissue differentiation. In addition, four core transcripts involved in the bulbils development process were screened using WGCNA. This study provides an information source for analyzing the molecular mechanism of bulbils growth and development, and also helps to address the lack of genetic information in non-model plant species.
Association of exercise and ADHD symptoms: Analysis within an adult general population sample
Authors: Tucker Rory , Williams Claire , Reed Phil
Published: February 2025

Given the limitations associated with existing treatments for Attention Deficit/Hyperactive disorder (ADHD), Physical Activity (PA) has been considered as an adjunct therapeutic option. Previous research has generally found that PA reduces ADHD symptoms in children. However, much less research has explored the same effects in adults, and especially females, with ADHD. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between PA and ADHD in adults, and whether any relationship was moderated by proxy diagnostic ADHD group, as well as exploring the roles of motivation and forms of exercise. 268 participants completed an online survey measuring proxy ADHD diagnosis; ADHD symptomatology; PA level; forms of exercise performed, and motivation for exercise. In contrast to previous research performed with child participants (which frequently found significant negative correlations), there was no significant relationship between PA level and total ADHD symptomatology in adults, but there was a significant negative correlation between PA level and inattentive ADHD symptomatology. The strength of relationship between PA level and ADHD symptomatology did not differ based on ADHD proxy diagnostic grouping; PA level based on motivation type; or PA level based on total forms of exercise performed. However, it may be that clear relationships between PA and ADHD symptomatology are not easily identifiable in adult populations when only broad, nonspecific variables/measures are used (e.g., only measuring ADHD symptoms as a continuous total score, rather than considering inattentive/hyperactive symptoms separately). Therefore, greater differentiation between ADHD symptoms and subject characteristics (such as gender) might be required to better establish potential relationships and effects in this area, and better inform any potential PA based treatments.
Correlation between baseline anion gap and early acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis in the intensive care unit: A single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Ma Haiping , Wang Rui , Li Li , Kong Qingwei , Hao Cuiping , Zhang Ying , Li Jinfeng
Published: February 2025

Objective

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory disease that can lead to multiple system dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI occurs in 10%-42% of AP patients, and studies have shown that early (48 hours) acute pancreatitis associated acute kidney injury (AP-AKI) can increases the risk of death in acute pancreatitis. Anion gap (AG) is a common index in clinical evaluation of acid-base imbalance and an important index in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between baseline anion gap values and early acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis in intensive care unit.

Methods

Our data were derived from inpatients admitted to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) in the United States between 2008 and 2019. A total of 4,017 adult patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the ICU were enrolled in the study, and 475 were enrolled according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only the baseline value and one day after arrival to the intensive care unit (ICU) were considered for all laboratory test values. According to previous literature and clinical significance, AG was divided into two groups: low value (< 16mmol/L) group and high value (≥16mmol/L) group, and logistics univariate and multifactor regression analysis was applied to verify the relationship between anion gap and AKI risk.

Results

Only 157 of the 475 AP cases had an AG level below 16 mmol/L, whereas 318 patients had an AG level over 16 mmol/L. Within 48 hours, 89 and 240 cases (56.7% and 75.5%) and the low- and high-AG groups had AKI. In AP cases, an elevated AG was related to an increased risk of AKI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.1], and is a nonlinear relationship. When controlling for other factors, this correlation was still significant. Compared to the lower group, high-AG (≥16mmol/L) values can increase the risk of early acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis (OR = 2.35, CI: 1.57–3.53).

Conclusion

Anion gap (AG) is an independent risk factor for early acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis, and has a nonlinear relationship with 48-hour AKI. Higher AG(≥16mmol/L) values can significantly increase the risk of AP-AKI.
Health-related quality of life implications of plantar ulcers resulting from neuropathic damage caused by leprosy: An analysis from the trial of autologous blood products (TABLE trial) in Nepal
Authors: Gibbs Naomi Kate , Ochalek Jessica , Napit Indra Bahadur , Shrestha Dilip , Goncalves Pedro Saramago , Lilford Richard J. , Sculpher Mark
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Leprosy is a curable disease, treated by multidrug therapy. However, patients are often left with neuropathic damage leading to lifelong vulnerability to ulcers. Quantifying the value of interventions to improve ulcer healing is challenging as data on the health impact of plantar ulcers are scarce, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We aim to quantify the impact of plantar ulcers on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using methods which can inform decisions about the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative forms of management.

Methods

Generic HRQoL data were collected using the EuroQol (EQ)-5D-3L questionnaire in a randomised control trial in Nepal, treating plantar ulcers with leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin or usual care. The trial followed 130 patients resulting in 600 observations. EQ-5D data were converted into a single ‘utility’ score by weighting the instrument’s different dimensions using the preferences of the Sri Lankan population. Utility data were analysed using general estimating equation regressions. The impact of an ulcer on HRQoL was estimated whilst controlling for clinical and demographic covariables.

Results

Estimated mean utility (standard error) for the sample across all time points was 0.52 (0.02) for patients with an ulcer and 0.64 (0.01) with a healed ulcer. Controlling for clinical and demographic covariates, we estimate that the presence of an ulcer leads to a 0.12 (0.02) decrement in HRQoL compared with a healed ulcer.

Discussion

Based on the levels of health they report and the values of the general public, patients with a history of leprosy are at risk of significant HRQoL burden from neuropathic plantar ulcers. Quantifying this health impact provides important evidence to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of leprosy ulcer interventions and ensures that interventions for leprosy ulcers can be appropriately considered for funding under Universal Health Coverage against other potential uses of the same money.
Severe outcomes of COVID-19 among adults with increased risk conditions: A population-based observational study
Authors: Dryden-Peterson Scott , Kim Andy , Caniglia Ellen C. , Joyce Mary-Ruth , Rubins David , Kim Arthur Y. , Fangman John , Baden Lindsey R. , Woolley Ann E.
Published: February 2025

Background

The individual risk of severe outcomes following COVID-19 is poorly understood in populations with prior immunity. The lack of contemporary estimates limits support of timely diagnosis and antiviral treatment for individuals most likely to benefit.

Objective

To determine the risk of severe outcomes following COVID-19 within strata of comorbidities, including patients without documented infection.

Design

Population-based cohort study utilizing electronic medical records and g methods to account for selection bias in the documentation of COVID-19 illnesses.

Setting

A large health system in northeastern United States

Patients

Adults with increased risk conditions (90% vaccinated) and COVID-19 from June to December 2022.

Measurements

Incidence of composite of inpatient admission within 14 days and death within 28 days of COVID-19 diagnosis.

Results

An estimated 265,248 patients with at least one increased risk condition developed COVID-19, including 76,996 documented cases. Severe outcomes occurred in 3344 (1.3%) patients following COVID-19— 3147 (1.2%) hospitalizations and 376 (0.14%) deaths. In the absence of treatment, individuals with few increased risk conditions (MASS of 3 or less) accounted for 57% of infections and 0.7% developed severe outcomes. In contrast, 2.3% of patients with multiple increased risk conditions (MASS 4 or greater) or severe immunocompromise experienced severe outcomes, including 81% of deaths. The observed risk reduction with antiviral treatment was -0.1% (-0.2 to 0.02%), -0.6% (-0.9 to -0.4%), -1.3% (-2 to -1%), and -1.9% (-3 to -1%) for patients with MASS 3 or less, MASS 4 and 5, MASS 6 or greater, and severe immunocompromise, respectively.

Limitations

Estimated number COVID-19 cases cannot be directly verified

Conclusions

Individuals with multiple medical conditions remain at substantial risk for severe outcomes of COVID-19 and benefit from treatment.
Mendelian randomization analysis to identify potential drug targets for osteoarthritis
Authors: Lu Chengyang , Xu Yanan , Chen Shuai , Guo Li , Li Pengcui , Wei Xiaochun , Rong Xueqin
Published: February 2025

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic joint disease for which there is a lack of effective treatments. In this study, we used Mendelian randomization analysis to identify circulating proteins that are causally associated with OA-related traits, providing important insights into potential drug targets for OA.

Method

Causal associations between 1553 circulating proteins and five OA-related traits were assessed in large-scale two-sample MR analyses using Wald ratio or inverse variance weighting, and the results were corrected for Bonferroni. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the reliability of the MR results, including reverse MR analysis and Steiger filtering to ensure the causal direction between circulating proteins and OA; Bayesian co-localization and phenotypic scanning were used to eliminate confounding effects and horizontal pleiotropy. External validation was performed to exclude incidental findings using novel plasma protein quantitative trait loci. Finally, the online analysis tool Enrichr was utilized to screen drugs and molecular docking was performed to predict binding modes and energies between proteins and drugs to identify the most stable and likely binding modes and drugs.

Result

Four proteins were ultimately found to be reliably and causally associated with three OA-related features: DNAJB12 and USP8 were associated with knee OA, IL12B with spinal OA, and RGMB with thumb OA. The ORs for the above proteins were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.26–1.81), 1.72 (95% CI, 1.42–2.08), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81–0.92), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.47–0.75), respectively. Drug-predicting small molecules (doxazosin, XEN 103, and montelukast) that simultaneously target three proteins, DNAJB12, USP8, and IL12B, docked well.

Conclusion

Based on our comprehensive analysis, we can draw the conclusion that there is a causal relationship between the genetic levels of DNAJB12, USP8, IL12B, and RGMB and the risk of respective OA.They may be potential options for OA screening and prevention in clinical practice. They can also serve as candidate molecules for future mechanism exploration and drug target selection.
The impact of different standing positions on gluteus medius activation and lumbar lordosis in LBP-developers during prolonged standing
Authors: Abbasi Saeedeh , Minoonejad Hooman , Abbasi Hamed , Mousavi Seyed Hamed
Published: February 2025

Low back pain (LBP) development has been associated with increased hip muscle co-activation and lumbar lordosis during standing in previously asymptomatic individuals. It is commonly advised to use footrests to relieve LBP. The impact of adjusting arm position on lumbar biomechanics can also be impressive. This study aimed to compare the effects of normalized footrest height and changing arm position on Gluteus medius (GMed) muscle activity, lumbar lordosis, and pain intensity. Twenty-four female pain developers (PDs) were recruited, identified by a > 10 mm increase on the visual analog scale (VAS) during prolonged standing. Electromyography (EMG) recorded GMed activity, and photogrammetry measured lumbar lordosis at time points over one hour-standing. The first group (A) used the footrest intermittently, while the second group (B) additionally changed their arm positions. These variables were analyzed using repeated measures (between/within) ANOVA. No significant interaction was observed between the groups in right and left GMed co-contraction index (CCI) (p =  0.14). However, both groups exhibited a significant decrease in CCI during prolonged standing (time *  condition: p =  0.003). Additionally, Group B consistently demonstrated lower overall levels of co-contraction across time (p =  0.01). An approximate 6-degree reduction in lumbar lordosis was observed after prolonged standing with both interventions (group A and group B; p =  0.008 and p =  0.01, respectively), although no significant differences in lumbar lordosis were detected between the groups. Lumbar discomfort increased over time; however, the interventions significantly alleviated this discomfort after the intervention time point. Notably, group B reported lower pain intensity compared to group A (p =  0.007). Applying these interventions in the workplace could be beneficial to reduce discomfort for individuals who stand for long periods of time. Further research is needed to optimize these strategies and assess long-term benefits.
The Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) as a predictor of diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the 2011–2018 NHANES study
Authors: Tripathi Harshita , Singh Amandeep , Farheen  , Prakash Bindu , Dubey Dharmendra Kumar , Sethi Prayas , Jadon Ranveer Singh , Ranjan Piyush , Vikram Naval K.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

With 42.4% of obese US population, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing. Visceral fat, even at the same body mass index, has significant deleterious effects. This study aims to investigate the association between the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) and DM.

Methods

The study utilized data from NHANES dataset, covering cycles from 2011 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed the association between METS-VF and DM. Additionally, the study compared visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measurement indices to METS-VF for the prediction of DM.

Results

In 3,445 participants, METS-VF was positively associated with diabetes [(OR 6.8; 95% CI 5.3–8.6) (AUC 0.791; 95% CI 0.768–0.814)], the association increased across quartiles (METS-VF >6.5; OR 53.8; 95% CI 0.17–169).METS-VF significantly identifies diabetes compared to other VAT indices (LAP, VAI, waist circumference, and WHtR). Additionally premenopausal females with BMI >25 and METS-VF >6.5 are at a higher risk of developing diabetes.

Conclusion

METS-VF positively associates with the prevalence of diabetes. It is an effective score compared to surrogate markers for VAT measurement. Routine screening of VAT using METS-VF score could be implemented in daily clinical settings and large-scale epidemiological studies to help identify early diabetes.
Macrophage-P2X4 receptors pathway is essential to persistent inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia onset, and is prevented by physical exercise
Authors: de Azambuja Graciana , Moreira Simabuco Fernando , Gonçalves de Oliveira Maria Cláudia
Published: February 2025

Peripheral inflammation may lead to severe inflammatory painful conditions. Macrophages are critical for inflammation; modulating related pathways could be an essential therapeutic strategy for chronic pain diseases. Here we hypothesized that 1) Macrophage-P2X4 receptors are involved in the transition from acute to persistent inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia and that 2) P2X4 activation triggers a pro-inflammatory phenotype leading to Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increase. Once physical exercise prevents exacerbated inflammatory processes related to chronic diseases including chronic muscle pain, we also hypothesized that 3) physical exercise, through PPARγ receptors, prevents P2X4 receptors activation. With pharmacological behaviour, biomolecular analysis and swimming physical exercise in a mouse model of persistent inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia we demonstrated that P2X4 receptors are essential for transitioning from acute to persistent inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia; Phosphorylation of p38MAPK indicated P2X4 signalling activation associated with inflammatory macrophage and an increase of IL-1β expression in skeletal muscle; Exercise-PPARγ receptors prevented phosphorylation of p38MAPK in muscle tissue. Our findings suggest that exercise-PPARγ modulates the acute inflammatory phase of developing persistent muscle hyperalgesia by controlling p38MAPK-related P2X4 signalling. These highlight the great potential of modulating macrophage phenotypes and P2X4 receptors to prevent pain conditions and the ability of physical exercise to prevent inflammatory processes related to chronic muscle pain.
The association between different insulin resistance indexes and bone health in the elderly
Authors: Lai Tianjie , Su Zhihao , Chen Rui , Luo Guangan , Xu Sibo , Fang Hangqi , Yan Huanxin , Shen Peng , Hu Konghe
Published: February 2025

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its related indexes (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR) are effective markers for screening metabolic diseases like insulin resistance (IR). However, few studies have explored the relationship between the TyG and its related indexes with bone density (BMD), osteopenia, and osteoporosis. This is a cross-sectional study that involved 1,303 adults aged 50 years and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010, and 2013–2014. In the multivariable-adjusted model, linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis demonstrated that TyG and its related indexes have a significant positive correlation with BMD and a negative correlation with osteopenia/osteoporosis in the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total hip region. Trend analysis further confirms these associations (p < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between these indexes with BMD and osteopenia/osteoporosis. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of these associations. This study reveals the significant and complex correlation between the TyG and its related indexes with BMD and osteoporosis, indicating the potential link between IR and bone health. The TyG and related indexes offer a new perspective for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis.