bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Death Kinetics of Three Representative Salmonella enterica Strains in Toasted Oats Cereal
Authors: Chick Matthew , Lourenco Antonio , Maserati Alice , Fink Ryan C. , Diez-Gonzalez Francisco
Published: August 2022

Several reports have indicated that the thermal tolerance of Salmonella at low-water activity increases significantly, but information on the impact of diverse food matrices is still scarce. The goal of this research was to determine the kinetic parameters (decimal reduction time, D; time required for the first decimal reduction, δ) of thermal resistance of Salmonella in a previously cooked low water activity food. Commercial toasted oats cereal (TOC) was used as the food model, with or without sucrose (25%) addition. TOC samples were inoculated with 108 CFU/mL of a single strain of one of three Salmonella serovars (Agona, Tennessee, Typhimurium). TOC samples were ground and equilibrated to aw values of 0.11, 0.33 and 0.53, respectively. Ground TOC was heated at temperatures between 65 °C and 105 °C and viable counts were determined over time (depending on the temperature for up to 6 h). Death kinetic parameters were determined using linear and Weibull regression models. More than 70% of Weibull’s adjusted regression coefficients (Radj2) and only 38% of the linear model’s Radj2 had values greater than 0.8. For all serovars, both D and δ values increased consistently at a 0.11 aw compared to 0.33 and 0.53. At 0.33 aw, the δ values for Typhimurium, Tennessee and Agona were 0.55, 1.01 and 2.87, respectively, at 85 °C, but these values increased to 65, 105 and 64 min, respectively, at 0.11 aw. At 100 °C, δ values were 0.9, 5.5 and 2.3 min, respectively, at 0.11 aw. The addition of sucrose resulted in a consistent reduction of eight out of nine δ values determined at 0.11 aw at 85, 95 and 100 °C, but this trend was not consistent at 0.33 and 0.53 aw. The Z values (increase of temperature required to decrease δ-value one log) were determined with modified δ values for a fixed β (a fitting parameter that describes the shape of the curve), and ranged between 8.9 °C and 13.4 °C; they were not influenced by aw, strain or sugar content. These findings indicated that in TOC, high thermal tolerance was consistent among serovars and thermal tolerance was inversely dependent on aw.
New Materials Based on Molecular Interaction between Hyaluronic Acid and Bovine Albumin
Authors: Gadomska Magdalena , Musiał Katarzyna , Bełdowski Piotr , Sionkowska Alina
Published: August 2022

In this work, the interactions between hyaluronic acid and bovine serum albumin were investigated. The film-forming properties of the mixture were proven, and the mechanical and surface properties of the films were measured. The results showed the interactions between hyaluronic acid and albumin, mainly by hydrogen bonds. Molecular docking was used for the visualization of the interactions. The films obtained from the mixture of hyaluronic acid possessed different properties to films obtained from the single component. The addition of bovine serum albumin to hyaluronic acid led to a decrease in the mechanical properties, and to an increase in the surface roughness of the film. The new materials that have been obtained by blending can form a new group of materials for biomedicine and cosmetology.
Application of Cleavable Linkers to Improve Therapeutic Index of Radioligand Therapies
Authors: Lau Joseph , Lee Hwan , Rousseau Julie , Bénard François , Lin Kuo-Shyan
Published: August 2022

Radioligand therapy (RLT) is an emergent drug class for cancer treatment. The dose administered to cancer patients is constrained by the radiation exposure to normal tissues to maintain an appropriate therapeutic index. When a radiopharmaceutical or its radiometabolite is retained in the kidneys, radiation dose deposition in the kidneys can become a dose-limiting factor. A good exemplar is [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE, where patients receive a co-infusion of basic amino acids for nephroprotection. Besides peptides, there are other classes of targeting vectors like antibody fragments, antibody mimetics, peptidomimetics, and small molecules that clear through the renal pathway. In this review, we will review established and emerging strategies that can be used to mitigate radiation-induced nephrotoxicity, with a focus on the development and incorporation of cleavable linkers for radiopharmaceutical designs. Finally, we offer our perspectives on cleavable linkers for RLT, highlighting future areas of research that will help advance the technology.
Bimodal-Structured 0.9KNbO3-0.1BaTiO3 Solid Solutions with Highly Enhanced Electrocaloric Effect at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Hongfang , Liu Liqiang , Gao Ju , Kwok K. W. , Lu Sheng-Guo , Kong Ling-Bing , Peng Biaolin , Hou Fang
Published: August 2022

0.9KNbO3-0.1BaTiO3 ceramics, with a bimodal grain size distribution and typical tetragonal perovskite structure at room temperature, were prepared by using an induced abnormal grain growth (IAGG) method at a relatively low sintering temperature. In this bimodal grain size distribution structure, the extra-large grains (~10–50 μm) were evolved from the micron-sized filler powders, and the fine grains (~0.05–0.35 μm) were derived from the sol precursor matrix. The 0.9KNbO3-0.1BaTiO3 ceramics exhibit relaxor-like behavior with a diffused phase transition near room temperature, as confirmed by the presence of the polar nanodomain regions revealed through high resolution transmission electron microscope analyses. A large room-temperature electrocaloric effect (ECE) was observed, with an adiabatic temperature drop (ΔT) of 1.5 K, an isothermal entropy change (ΔS) of 2.48 J·kg−1·K−1, and high ECE strengths of |ΔT/ΔE| = 1.50 × 10−6 K·m·V−1 and ΔS/ΔE = 2.48 × 10−6 J·m·kg−1·K−1·V−1 (directly measured at E = 1.0 MV·m−1). These greatly enhanced ECEs demonstrate that our simple IAGG method is highly appreciated for synthesizing high-performance electrocaloric materials for efficient cooling devices.
Enhancement of Methylene Blue Photodegradation Rate Using Laser Synthesized Ag-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Blažeka Damjan , Radičić Rafaela , Maletić Dejan , Živković Sanja , Momčilović Miloš , Krstulović Nikša
Published: August 2022

In this work, Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles are obtained via pulsed laser ablation of the Ag-coated ZnO target in water. The ratio of Ag dopant in ZnO nanoparticles strongly depends on the thickness of the Ag layer at the ZnO target. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, EDS, ICP-OES, and UV–VIS spectrophotometry to obtain their crystal structure, elemental composition, morphology and size distribution, mass concentration, and optical properties, respectively. The photocatalytic studies showed photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. Different ratios of Ag dopant in ZnO nanoparticles influence the photodegradation rate. The ZnO nanoparticles doped with 0.32% silver show the most efficient photodegradation rate, with the chemical reaction constant of 0.0233 min−1. It exhibits an almost twice as large photodegradation rate compared to pure ZnO nanoparticles, showing the doping effect on the photocatalytic activity.
Mechanism Understanding for Size Regulation of Silver Nanowires Mediated by Halogen Ions
Authors: Xiao Ni , Chen Yinan , Weng Wei , Chi Xiaopeng , Chen Hang , Tang Ding , Zhong Shuiping
Published: August 2022

The controllable preparation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a high aspect ratio is key for enabling their applications on a large scale. Herein, the aspect ratio regulation of AgNWs mediated by halogen ion composition in ethylene glycol system was systematically investigated and the size evolution mechanism is elaborately understood. The co-addition of Br− and Cl− results in AgNWs with the highest aspect ratio of 1031. The surface physicochemical analysis of AgNWs and the density functional theory calculations indicate that the co-addition of Br− and Cl− contributes to the much-enhanced preferential growth of the Ag(111) crystal plane. At the same time, when Cl− and Br− coexist in the solution, the growth of the Ag(100) crystal plane on the AgNWs was restrained compared with that in the single Cl− system. Resultantly, the enhanced growth of Ag(111) and the inhibited growth of Ag(100) contribute to the formation of AgNWs with a higher aspect ratio in the Cl–Br mixed solution. The results can provide new insights for understanding the morphology and size evolution during the AgNWs preparation in ethylene glycol system.
Spatiotemporal Transcriptomic Atlas of Developing Embryos and Vegetative Tissues in Flax
Authors: Gao Peng , Qiu Shuqing , Ma Xingliang , Parkin Isobel A. P. , Xiang Daoquan , Datla Raju
Published: August 2022

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important multipurpose crop widely grown for oil and fiber. Despite recent advances in genomics, detailed gene activities during the important reproductive phase of its development are not well defined. In this study, we employed high-throughput RNA-sequencing methods to generate in-depth transcriptome profiles of flax tissues with emphasis on the reproductive phases of five key stages of embryogenesis (globular embryo, heart embryo, torpedo embryo, cotyledon embryo, and mature embryo), mature seed, and vegetative tissues viz. ovary, anther, and root. These datasets were used to establish the co-expression networks covering 36 gene modules based on the expression patterns for each gene through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Functional interrogation with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) of dominantly expressed genetic modules in tissues revealed pathways involved in the development of different tissues. Moreover, the essential genes in embryo development and synthesis of storage reserves were identified based on their dynamic expression patterns. Together, this comprehensive dataset for developing embryos, mature seeds and vegetative tissues provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of seed development with potential for flax crop improvement.
Advanced Breeding for Biotic Stress Resistance in Poplar
Authors: Biselli Chiara , Vietto Lorenzo , Rosso Laura , Cattivelli Luigi , Nervo Giuseppe , Fricano Agostino
Published: August 2022

Poplar is one of the most important forest trees because of its high economic value. Thanks to the fast-growing rate, easy vegetative propagation and transformation, and availability of genomic resources, poplar has been considered the model species for forest genetics, genomics, and breeding. Being a field-growing tree, poplar is exposed to environmental threats, including biotic stresses that are becoming more intense and diffused because of global warming. Current poplar farming is mainly based on monocultures of a few elite clones and the expensive and long-term conventional breeding programmes of perennial tree species cannot face current climate-change challenges. Consequently, new tools and methods are necessary to reduce the limits of traditional breeding related to the long generation time and to discover new sources of resistance. Recent advances in genomics, marker-assisted selection, genomic prediction, and genome editing offer powerful tools to efficiently exploit the Populus genetic diversity and allow enabling molecular breeding to support accurate early selection, increasing the efficiency, and reducing the time and costs of poplar breeding, that, in turn, will improve our capacity to face or prevent the emergence of new diseases or pests.
Transcriptome Level Analysis of Genes of Exogenous Ethylene Applied under Phosphorus Stress in Chinese Fir
Authors: Huang Shuotian , Zhang Lixia , Cai Tingting , Zhao Yuxuan , Liu Jiao , Wu Pengfei , Ma Xiangqing , Shuai Peng
Published: August 2022

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) is a widely grown gymnosperm in China. Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable nutrient for the growth of Chinese fir. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency exists in soils of many Chinese fir planting area regions, and the trees themselves have limited efficiency in utilizing P from the soil. Ethylene is important in regulation responses to nutrient deficiencies. However, little is known about how ethylene signals participate in Pi stress in Chinese fir. A total of six different treatments were performed to reveal the transcript levels of Chinese fir under Pi, ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound), and CoCl2 (cobalt chloride, an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor) treatments. We assembled a full-length reference transcriptome containing 22,243 unigenes as a reference for UMI RNA-seq (Digital RNA-seq). There were 586 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in the Pi starvation (NP) group, while DEGs from additional ethephon or CoCl2 in NP were 708 and 292, respectively. Among the DEGs in each treatment, there were 83 TFs in these treatment groups. MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) family was the most abundant transcription factors (TFs). Three ERF (Ethylene response factor) family genes were identified when only ethylene content was imposed as a variable. Enrichment analysis indicated that the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway plays a key role in resistance to Pi deficiency. This study provides insights for further elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Pi deficiency in Chinese fir.
Enclosure in Combination with Mowing Simultaneously Promoted Grassland Biodiversity and Biomass Productivity
Authors: Li Da , Nie Yingying , Xu Lijun , Ye Liming
Published: August 2022

Grassland is the primary land use in China, which has experienced extensive degradation in recent decades due to overexploitation. Here, we conducted field experiments to quantify the degraded grassland’s recovery rate in Northeast Inner Mongolia in response to restoration measures, including fallow + enclosure (FE) and mowing + enclosure (ME) in comparison to livestock grazing (LG), since 2005. Plant community properties were surveyed and aboveground biomass (AGB) sampled in summer 2013. Our results showed that the regional dominant species Leymus chinensis retained its dominance under FE, whereas a range of forb species gained dominance under LG. Vegetative cover was maximal under FE and minimal under LG. The least amount of vegetation development and AGB were observed under LG. However, plant diversity showed an opposite pattern, with maximal diversity under LG and minimal under FE. Statistical analysis revealed that AGB was negatively associated with plant diversity for all treatments except ME. For ME, a positive AGB-diversity relationship was characterized, suggesting that mowing intensity was a controlling factor for the AGB-diversity relationship. Overall, these results demonstrated that enclosure plus mowing represented an effective conservation measure that provided fair support to forage production and a progressive pathway to a more resilient grassland system.
ABA and Not Chilling Reduces Heat Requirement to Force Cherry Blossom after Endodormancy Release
Authors: Chmielewski Frank-M. , Götz Klaus-Peter
Published: August 2022

Models used to predict the onset of fruit tree blossom under changed climate conditions should be physiologically based as much as possible. Pure optimized phenology models carry the risk of unrealistic predictions due to a misinterpretation of metabolic processes. This was the motivation determining the relevant phases for chill and heat accumulation, which induces cherry blossom (cv. Summit). Investigations are based on 8 years of observational and analytical data, as well as on controlled experiments. For ‘Summit’ buds, to be released from endodormancy, 43 chill portions from 1 September are necessary. After endodormancy release (t1), on average on 30 November, no further chilling is required, because no correlation between chill accumulation during ecodormancy and the subsequent heat accumulation until ‘Summit’ blossom exist. The declining amount of heat, which induces cherry blossom after t1—shown in several forcing experiments—seems to be the result of the declining bud’s abscisic acid (ABA) content, up to ~50% until the beginning of ontogenetic development. Shortly after t1, when the bud’s ABA content is high, a huge amount of heat is necessary to induce cherry blossom under controlled conditions. Heat requirement reduces during ecodormancy along with the reduction in the ABA content. According to these findings, plant development during ecodormancy is suppressed by low temperatures in the orchard and a slowly declining bud’s ABA content. These results should lead to a better consideration of the ecodormancy phase in phenology models.
Resource Mapping Allocation Scheme in 6G Satellite Twin Network
Authors: Deng Zhongliang , Yu Xiaoyi
Published: August 2022

The sixth generation (6G) satellite twin network is an important solution to achieve seamless global coverage of 6G. The deterministic geometric topology and the randomness of the communication behaviors of 6G networks limit the realism and transparency of cross-platform and cross-object communication, twin, and computing co-simulation networks. Meanwhile, the parallel-based serverless architecture has a high redundancy of computational resource allocation. Therefore, for the first time, we present a new hypergraph hierarchical nested kriging model, which provides theoretical analysis and modeling of integrated relationships for communication, twin, and computing. We explore the hierarchical unified characterization method which joins heterogeneous topologies. A basis function matrix for local flexible connectivity of the global network is designed for the connection of huge heterogeneous systems to decouple the resource mapping among heterogeneous networks. To improve the efficiency of resource allocation in communication, twin, and computing integrated network, a multi-constraint multi-objective genetic algorithm (MMGA) based on the common requirements of operations, storage, interaction, and multi-layer optimal solution conflict is proposed for the first time. The effectiveness of the algorithm and architecture is verified through simulation and testing.
Towards an Effective Intrusion Detection Model Using Focal Loss Variational Autoencoder for Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Khanam Shapla , Ahmedy Ismail , Idris Mohd Yamani Idna , Jaward Mohamed Hisham
Published: August 2022

As the range of security attacks increases across diverse network applications, intrusion detection systems are of central interest. Such detection systems are more crucial for the Internet of Things (IoT) due to the voluminous and sensitive data it produces. However, the real-world network produces imbalanced traffic including different and unknown attack types. Due to this imbalanced nature of network traffic, the traditional learning-based detection techniques suffer from lower overall detection performance, higher false-positive rate, and lower minority-class attack detection rates. To address the issue, we propose a novel deep generative-based model called Class-wise Focal Loss Variational AutoEncoder (CFLVAE) which overcomes the data imbalance problem by generating new samples for minority attack classes. Furthermore, we design an effective and cost-sensitive objective function called Class-wise Focal Loss (CFL) to train the traditional Variational AutoEncoder (VAE). The CFL objective function focuses on different minority class samples and scrutinizes high-level feature representation of observed data. This leads the VAE to generate more realistic, diverse, and quality intrusion data to create a well-balanced intrusion dataset. The balanced dataset results in improving the intrusion detection accuracy of learning-based classifiers. Therefore, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier with a unique architecture is then trained using the balanced intrusion dataset to enhance the detection performance. Moreover, we utilize a challenging and highly imbalanced intrusion dataset called NSL-KDD to conduct an extensive experiment with the proposed model. The results demonstrate that the proposed CFLVAE with DNN (CFLVAE-DNN) model obtains promising performance in generating realistic new intrusion data samples and achieves superior intrusion detection performance. Additionally, the proposed CFLVAE-DNN model outperforms several state-of-the-art data generation and traditional intrusion detection methods. Specifically, the CFLVAE-DNN achieves 88.08% overall intrusion detection accuracy and 3.77% false positive rate. More significantly, it obtains the highest low-frequency attack detection rates for U2R (79.25%) and R2L (67.5%) against all the state-of-the-art algorithms.
High-Resolution Drone Detection Based on Background Difference and SAG-YOLOv5s
Authors: Lv Yaowen , Ai Zhiqing , Chen Manfei , Gong Xuanrui , Wang Yuxuan , Lu Zhenghai
Published: August 2022

To solve the problem of low accuracy and slow speed of drone detection in high-resolution images with fixed cameras, we propose a detection method combining background difference and lightweight network SAG-YOLOv5s. First, background difference is used to extract potential drone targets in high-resolution images, eliminating most of the background to reduce computational overhead. Secondly, the Ghost module and SimAM attention mechanism are introduced on the basis of YOLOv5s to reduce the total number of model parameters and improve feature extraction, and α-DIoU loss is used to replace the original DIoU loss to improve the accuracy of bounding box regression. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of our method, a high-resolution drone dataset is made based on the public data set. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the proposed method reaches 97.6%, 24.3 percentage points higher than that of YOLOv5s, and the detection speed in 4K video reaches 13.2 FPS, which meets the actual demand and is significantly better than similar algorithms. It achieves a good balance between detection accuracy and detection speed and provides a method benchmark for high-resolution drone detection under a fixed camera.
Dark Current Modeling for a Polyimide—Amorphous Lead Oxide-Based Direct Conversion X-ray Detector
Authors: Thibault Tristen , Grynko Oleksandr , Pineau Emma , Reznik Alla
Published: August 2022

The reduction of the dark current (DC) to a tolerable level in amorphous selenium (a-Se) X-ray photoconductors was one of the key factors that led to the successful commercialization of a-Se-based direct conversion flat panel X-ray imagers (FPXIs) and their widespread clinical use. Here, we discuss the origin of DC in another X-ray photoconductive structure that utilizes amorphous lead oxide (a-PbO) as an X-ray-to-charge transducer and polyimide (PI) as a blocking layer. The transient DC in a PI/a-PbO detector is measured at different applied electric fields (5–20 V/μm). The experimental results are used to develop a theoretical model describing the electric field-dependent transient behavior of DC. The results of the DC kinetics modeling show that the DC, shortly after the bias application, is primarily controlled by the injection of holes from the positively biased electrode and gradually decays with time to a steady-state value. DC decays by the overarching mechanism of an electric field redistribution, caused by the accumulation of trapped holes in deep localized states within the bulk of PI. Thermal generation and subsequent multiple-trapping (MT) controlled transport of holes within the a-PbO layer governs the steady-state value at all the applied fields investigated here, except for the largest applied field of 20 V/μm. This suggests that a thicker layer of PI would be more optimal to suppress DC in the PI/a-PbO detector presented here. The model can be used to find an approximate optimal thickness of PI for future iterations of PI/a-PbO detectors without the need for time and labor-intensive experimental trial and error. In addition, we show that accounting for the field-induced charge carrier release from traps, enhanced by charge hopping transitions between the traps, yields an excellent fit between the experimental and simulated results, thus, clarifying the dynamic process of reaching a steady-state occupancy level of the deep localized states in the PI. Practically, the electric field redistribution causes the internal field to increase in magnitude in the a-PbO layer, thus improving charge collection efficiency and temporal performance over time, as confirmed by experimental results. The electric field redistribution can be implemented as a warm-up time for a-PbO-based detectors.
A Wavelet-Based Steganographic Method for Text Hiding in an Audio Signal
Authors: Veselska Olga , Lavrynenko Oleksandr , Odarchenko Roman , Zaliskyi Maksym , Bakhtiiarov Denys , Karpinski Mikolaj , Rajba Stanislaw
Published: August 2022

The developed method of steganographic hiding of text information in an audio signal based on the wavelet transform acquires a deep meaning in the conditions of the use by an attacker of deliberate unauthorized manipulations with a steganocoded audio signal to distort the text information embedded in it. Thus, increasing the robustness of the stego-system by compressing the steganocoded audio signal subject to the preservation of the integrity of text information, taking into account the features of the psychophysiological model of sound perception, is the main objective of this scientific research. The task of this scientific research is effectively solved using a multilevel discrete wavelet transform using adaptive block normalization of text information with subsequent recursive embedding in the low-frequency component of the audio signal and further scalar product of the obtained coefficients with the Daubechies wavelet filters. The results of the obtained experimental studies confirm the hypothesis, namely that it is proposed to use recursive embedding in the low-frequency component (approximating wavelet coefficients) followed by their scalar product with wavelet filters at each level of the wavelet decomposition, which will increase the average power of hidden data. It should be noted that upon analyzing the existing method, which is based on embedding text information in the high-frequency component (detailed wavelet coefficients), at the last level of the wavelet decomposition, we obtained the limit CR = 6, and in the developed, CR = 20, with full integrity of the text information in both cases. Therefore, the resistance of the stego-system is increased by 3.3 times to deliberate or passive compression of the audio signal in order to distort the embedded text information.
Blockchain Socket Factories with RMI-Enabled Framework for Fine-Grained Healthcare Applications
Authors: Ahmed Saleem , Lakhan Abdullah , Thinnukool Orawit , Khuwuthyakorn Pattaraporn
Published: August 2022

The usage of digital and intelligent healthcare applications on mobile devices has grown progressively. These applications are generally distributed and access remote healthcare services on the user’s applications from different hospital sources. These applications are designed based on client–server architecture and different paradigms such as socket, remote procedure call, and remote method invocation (RMI). However, these existing paradigms do not offer a security mechanism for healthcare applications in distributed mobile-fog-cloud networks. This paper devises a blockchain-socket-RMI-based framework for fine-grained healthcare applications in the mobile-fog-cloud network. This study introduces a new open healthcare framework for applied research purposes and has blockchain-socket-RMI abstraction level classes for healthcare applications. The goal is to meet the security and deadline requirements of fine-grained healthcare tasks and minimize execution and data validation costs during processing applications in the system. This study introduces a partial proof of validation (PPoV) scheme that converts the workload into the hash and validates it among mobile, fog, and cloud nodes during offloading, execution, and storing data in the secure form. Simulation discussions illustrate that the proposed blockchain-socket-RMI minimizes the processing and blockchain costs and meets the security and deadline requirements of fine-grained healthcare tasks of applications as compared to existing frameworks in work.
High-Frequency Current Transformers Cascade for Power Electronics Measurements
Authors: Chojowski Maciej , Baszyński Marcin , Sosnowski Robert , Dziadecki Aleksander
Published: August 2022

High-frequency current transformers (HFCT) are widely used to measure fast transient current. Their advantages are simple structure and relatively moderate price. Their lower and upper bandwidth are limited, but the HFCT can be easily applied to many measuring applications in power electronics. The disadvantages of HFCT are substantial dimensions and a large weight. The paper proposes a system of a cascade connection of two transformers, which allows us to reduce these disadvantages. The properties of such an HFCT combination were investigated and described. In the article, the expression for double current transformer transmittances is derived. The frequency response of the sensor was determined, and the results were verified in a practical arrangement. An experimental setup of a cascade CT connection was made and tested, allowing for fast-changing signals in transients to be measured. This paper presents the theoretical basis and results of laboratory work on a wide range of static and dynamic tests of the proposed sensor.
How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests
Authors: Crotti Gabriella , Chen Yeying , Çayci Huseyin , D’Avanzo Giovanni , Landi Carmine , Letizia Palma Sara , Luiso Mario , Mohns Enrico , Muñoz Fabio , Styblikova Renata , van den Brom Helko
Published: August 2022

The integration of renewable energy sources on a large scale in the electrical energy distribution systems, as well as the widespread of non-linear loads, has led to a significant increase in power quality (PQ) disturbances. For this reason, PQ monitoring is also becoming a key task in medium voltage (MV) grids. The measurement of PQ at MV levels can only be performed using instrument transformers (ITs) to scale down the level of voltage and current to levels suitable for the input stage of PQ instruments. However, no international standards currently require the verification of the errors introduced by ITs in the measurement of PQ phenomena. Moreover, this issue is only partially addressed in the scientific literature, where papers dealing with specific and limited aspects of the problem can be found. For this reason, this paper aims to comprehensively assess the issue, proposing IT accuracy verification tests for different PQ parameters. First, a set of PQ phenomena relevant for IT testing is chosen, as well as the associated ranges of variation, based on a review of the enforced standards and the scientific literature. For each selected PQ phenomenon, possible performance indices and test waveforms are proposed. Finally, the proposed procedure is validated by applying it to the characterization of two different types of commercial voltage transformers.
Assessing Risks in Dairy Supply Chain Systems: A System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Azizsafaei Maryam , Hosseinian-Far Amin , Khandan Rasoul , Sarwar Dilshad , Daneshkhah Alireza
Published: August 2022

Due to the dynamic nature of the food supply chain system, food supply management could suffer because of, and be interrupted by, unforeseen events. Considering the perishable nature of fresh food products and their short life cycle, fresh food companies feel immense pressure to adopt an efficient and proactive risk management system. The risk management aspects within the food supply chains have been addressed in several studies. However, only a few studies focus on the complex interactions between the various types of risks impacting food supply chain functionality and dynamic feedback effects, which can generate a reliable risk management system. This paper strives to contribute to this evident research gap by adopting a system dynamics modelling approach to generate a systemic risk management model. The system dynamics model serves as the basis for the simulation of risk index values and can be explored in future work to further analyse the dynamic risk’s effect on the food supply chain system’s behaviour. According to a literature review of published research from 2017 to 2021, nine different risks across the food supply chain were identified as a subsection of the major risk categories: macro-level and operational risks. Following this stage, two of the risk groups identified first were integrated with a developed system dynamics model to conduct this research and to evaluate the interaction between the risks and the functionality of the three main dairy supply chain processes: production, logistics, and retailing. The key findings drawn from this paper can be beneficial for enhancing managerial discernment regarding the critical role of system dynamics models for analysing various types of risks across the food supply chain process and improving its efficiency.
Digital Hybridisation in Adaptive Textiles for Public Space
Authors: Gasparini Katia
Published: August 2022

Over recent years, many architectural and urban surfaces interact with the environment like a changing skin, adaptable to environmental stimuli. The textile technology appears to be the most suitable to meet the requirement of adaptability to the environment because it can produce changes in shape and colour. Today, this is a possible thanks to textile systems and fibres that are increasingly hi-tech and smart. To make these adaptable systems is a fundamental role in digital technologies and is an important a multidisciplinary approach in every design phase. This article interweaves some of the developments and applications of textiles in urban space design, exploring the possible applications of emerging technology in architectural and urban design. This analysis aims to explore the intersection between the culture, design and technology of textile systems, as well as the role of parametric design and embedded systems in urban space design and transformation. The aim of this article is to spread knowledge on adaptable textile systems as materials for architecture and to do so through practice-based design research. The study frames the contemporary design explorations, in which digital design tools and material expression are major placeholders, with a focus on surface shapes and design experiments exploring the expressiveness of light, colour and movement as design materials. The article reflects on the role of digital design applied to textile systems for urban space as a possible tool aiming at enhancing existing space by surface prototyping.
Characterization of Potential Adverse Outcome Pathways Related to Metabolic Outcomes and Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kaiser Andreas-Marius , Zare Jeddi Maryam , Uhl Maria , Jornod Florence , Fernandez Mariana F. , Audouze Karine
Published: August 2022

Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with numerous adverse health effects, depending on various factors such as the conditions of exposure (dose/concentration, duration, route of exposure, etc.) and characteristics associated with the exposed target (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity, health status, and genetic predisposition). The biological mechanisms by which PFAS might affect systems are largely unknown. To support the risk assessment process, AOP-helpFinder, a new artificial intelligence tool, was used to rapidly and systematically explore all available published information in the PubMed database. The aim was to identify existing associations between PFAS and metabolic health outcomes that may be relevant to support building adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). The collected information was manually organized to investigate linkages between PFAS exposures and metabolic health outcomes, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity. Links between PFAS exposure and events from the existing metabolic-related AOPs were also retrieved. In conclusion, by analyzing dispersed information from the literature, we could identify some associations between PFAS exposure and components of existing AOPs. Additionally, we identified some linkages between PFAS exposure and metabolic outcomes for which only sparse information is available or which are not yet present in the AOP-wiki database that could be addressed in future research.
Execution of the Public State Receivables under Art. 162, Par. 6 of the Tax and Social Security Procedure Code
Authors: Simeonova Ginka
Published: August 2022

The public state receivables, regulated in art. 162, par. 6 Tax and Social Security Procedure Code have a number of specifics, caused by the nature and type of the offenses from which they arise, the bodies, which establish them, the acts, which make them liquid and due and the order for their execution. The article examines precisely the procedure for execution of public state receivables, regulated in the abovementioned provision.
The Origin of Written Laws in Ancient Greece
Authors: Marcheva Deyana
Published: August 2022

The article addresses the question how and why do written laws come into being in Ancient Greece in the archaic period from the mid seventh century BC. The research delves into different types of historical sources including stone inscriptions and literary works so that to illuminate fragments and details of how the people reflect on the necessity and significance of written laws. The assumption is that there is no one general explanation why people started to write down the laws. In Ancient Greece the general lasting rules that we call today laws were first denoted with the term “thesmos”, and later with the term “nomos”. In any case, the first written laws were publicly acknowledged and announced as a guarantee against the arbitrary power.
Anti-Competitive Effect in the Context of Economic Competition Concepts
Authors: Dimitrova Emilia
Published: August 2022

The anti-competitive effect is the hallmark of market dominance abuse. Neither the European Union Competition Law nor the Bulgarian Competition Law contains a legal definition of this term. It is linked to the term “competition“. The concept of competition is borrowed from economics. The interrelationship between market dominance and market dominance abuse outlines the subject-matter of this article. The present research examines the essence of the anticompetitive effect in the context of those economic concepts of competition that underlie the doctrines of market dominance.
An Attempt at a New Systematization of the Studying Course of the Special Administrative Law
Authors: Nikolova Raina
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes in historical context the systematization of the academic discipline, studying the administrative material law – special part. The author makes a new systematization of the course Special Administrative Law by using the three stateforming elements – population, territory, state power – as a distinguishing criterion. This new systematization if as follows: the Administrative law of citizens, the Administrative Territorial law, the Administrative Business law, the Administrative Non-profit law.
On the Salaries of the Members of the Bulgarian National Assembly and the State of Emergency
Authors: Mihaylova Ekaterina
Published: August 2022

In the paper under consideration is the issue of the salary of the members of the Bulgarian National Assembly as a part of the development of parliamentarism. The topic is firstly considered in a historical perspective, including the legal regulation in the various Bulgarian constitutions. The current legal regulation is analysed as well as the decision of the National Assembly taken during the state of emergency, according to which decision it is accepted not to pay salaries to the members of the National Assembly as well as to persons in the executive power in the context of whether this decision is in consistency with the norms of the Constitution or not.
Entre Europa y América. Algunas notas sobre “una nueva historia social del mundo rural”
Authors: Lanteri Sol
Published: August 2022

El propósito del trabajo es poner en diálogo los lineamientos centrales de la propuesta de Rosa Congost sobre “Una nueva historia social del mundo rural” con el desarrollo historiográfico local en el marco de la renovación de la historia rural rioplatense de las últimas décadas, destacando el aporte de los estudios de Jorge Gelman al conocimiento de los derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra, los grupos sociales, las relaciones de poder y la construcción estatal en la campaña de Buenos Aires. De esta forma, en primer lugar se pasa revista a los resultados centrales de dicha renovación a nivel teórico-metodológico y heurístico, y finalmente, se subraya la potencialidad del enfoque bottom-up para el desarrollo de los nuevos estudios sociales del mundo rural.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Generasi Z Dalam Konsumsi E-Wallet Saat Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Aktif Program Sarjana Di Kota Malang)
Authors: Ninggar Aurellia Dara , Anggraini Ika Khusnia
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of convenience, promotion and lifestyle variables on generation Z e-wallet consumption (active undergraduate students) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malang City. The analytical model used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) using the SPSS Statistics 26 application which uses primary data obtained from the distribution of online questionnaires and then processed first from ordinal data using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI) into interval data with a quantitative research approach. Produced an analysis that the convenience, promotion and lifestyle variables had a positive and significant influence on the consumption of e-wallet generation Z (active undergraduate students) during the covid-19 pandemic in Malang City.Keywords: E-Wallet Consumption, Generation Z, Covid-19 Pandemic.
Leading teachers who promote math learning
Authors: Maure Luisa Morales , Marimón Orlando García , García-Vázquez Evelyn , Campos-Nava Marcos , Gutiérrez Jaime
Published: August 2022

The theoretical references that underpinned a proposal for teacher training of large-scale math teachers are presented, through a diploma course aimed at teachers in primary education service, oriented in the mathematical competences for teaching, of the Republic of Panama. The theoretical framework built for this purpose, is based on various theoretical perspectives and theoretical constructs, framed in the discipline of mathematical education; on the one hand, the importance of the use of conjectures in the class of mathematics was considered to justify the solution of problems during class; on the other hand, perspectives emanating from academic leadership that should be encouraged in the training of teachers in service were considered. In addition to the above, the theoretical perspective known as the OntoSemiotic Approach (OSA) was considered, which was the one that allowed to analyze the teaching activity of the participating teachers. The results obtained from the analysis, which are briefly mentioned in this work, suggest that the accompaniment to math teachers, by teachers with a high mastery of experts, allows their teaching empowerment to conform as academic leaders in their workplaces.
ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TYPES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN AND ITS BORDER REGIONS
Authors: Aslaeva S.Sh.
Published: August 2022

At present, interregional cooperation of border territories in the country is of particular relevance. To improve the economic efficiency of interregional cooperation of the Republic of Bashkortostan with its border regions, the competitiveness of economic activities of the regions has been assessed. The object of research is the types of economic activities of the Republic of Bashkortostan and its border regions: the Republic of Tatarstan, the Udmurt Republic, the Perm Territory, the Orenburg Region, the Sverdlovsk Region and the Chelyabinsk Region. The paper presents the results of studies of the efficiency of types of economic activities in border regions based on calculations of the coefficients of localization of the number of employees and the turnover of industries, as well as the intensity of localization. The analysis of territorial localization and the intensity of localization in dynamics is carried out, the statuses of types of economic activity are presented according to the intensity of localization in the zones of leading and lagging efficiency, the leaders of localization are identified. Not all leading types of economic activity are effective; there are also types of economic activity in the regions that are not the main ones, but are effective in terms of territorial localization. The results of the research should become the basis for the developed strategies for interregional cross-border cooperation of regions to increase the level of socio-economic development.
MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BASED ON THE ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS
Authors: Devyatov A.N.
Published: August 2022

Modern models and approaches to managing the development of a territory based on indicators of convenience and comfort of living of residents are considered. Modern approaches to the definition of the concept of quality of life are also listed and analyzed. The analysis of the approaches existing in the modern literature and practice of the activities of executive authorities to solving practical problems of managing subordinate territories revealed some of their fundamental shortcomings, and led to the need to develop a fundamentally different approach to solving issues of managing the development of the territory in question. The proposed object-functional approach is based on the formation of a continuous function (surface) of the density of properties over the territory considered for management purposes, where the carriers of properties (positive, negative or neutral) are the infrastructure objects of the managed territory themselves. The model is formed on the basis of the normal distribution of a two-dimensional random variable on the plane (Gauss' law). At the same time, there are all possibilities for analyzing the optimality of the territorial distribution of the objects under consideration, based on the functional purpose and the overall goal of increasing the efficiency of the development process of the socio-economic system of a municipality or region. In other words, there is a real possibility of modeling the process of long-term territorial planning when solving the tasks of managing the development of a territory in order to improve the quality and comfort of life of the population.
RE-REGISTRATION OF LIMITED PROPERTY RIGHTS OF CITIZENS TO LAND PLOTS: PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION OF LEGISLATION
Authors: Zemlyakova G.L.
Published: August 2022

The writing of this article provoked the entry into force on July 1, 2022 of the updated norms of legislation on "dacha amnesty", equating the right of permanent (indefinite) use and lifelong inherited ownership of a land plot to the right of ownership of it. The author analyzes the practice of applying the provisions of legislation establishing the right of ownership of citizens to land plots in cases where the documents for such plots do not indicate the right on which it was granted, or the type of right cannot be established. Drawing the corresponding analogies between these norms, the author comes to the conclusion that the legislative innovations will hardly simplify the acquisition of land plots by the heirs of citizens to whom they were granted the right of permanent (indefinite) use, and will be implemented outside the judicial procedure for recognizing ownership of land plots.