bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH DIRECTIONS ON INTEGRATED REPORTING IN POLAND: CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Szewieczek Aleksandra , Franczak Iwona
Published: April 2020

The development of the reporting methods – including non-financial – has caused a number of initiatives to try to integrate them. The idea of integrated reporting focuses on combining financial and non-financial information toward generating a holistic representation of a given reporting unit. Said integration adopts the form of expanded reporting in order to present, familiarize and understand the comprehensive process in creating value in a given enterprise. As a result of the relatively short period of its application in Poland, the concept of integrated reporting continues to evolve. A wider range of examination is to be found abroad since the concept has been applied somewhat earlier. Also in Poland, certain directions of research and their evolution can be observed. In addition to using the experience of foreign researchers, it is also important to consider regional (national) aspects. The presented article is the result of exploration of research areas on integrated reporting in Poland. The objective is a meta-analysis of domestic studies pertaining to integrated reporting, systemizing them and indicating inferred directions of further study. The authors profess the thesis that domestic study is in its initial stage and the evolving direction(s) will also pursue quantitative surveys. The results of this present effort has the quality of a systematic review which determines the use of research method in the form of meta-analysis of primarily domestic literature and legal acts, deduction and inference. The result of the study concludes that further study of integrated reporting in Poland will
require deepen research on the development of standards in integrated reporting in order to increase their reliability. In addition, it is necessary to direct research procedures on quantitative data, as well as methods of surveys, which will allow to formulate conclusions with limited subjectivity, as well as strongly embedded in business practice.
RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Szwiec Paweł
Published: April 2020

Debate about the ways of limiting negative consequences of organization functioning is going. Among them corporate social responsibility is indicated. Today’s and tomorrow’s managers should have positive orientation to such practices. Then, a lot of attempts were made to identify factors connected with attitudes towards corporate social responsibility. While, among such factors very rarely religiosity was taken into accout. In the article an attempt to identify relation between level of religiosity and attitudes towars corporate social responsibility was made. For this purpose, scales based on multidimensional understanding of religiosity were used. Besides research was made in Poland, where most citizens are religious persons. Positive relations between level of religiosity and also personal religiosity and positive attitudes towards corporate social responsibility were identified.
A Distributed Computing Real-Time Safety System of Collaborative Robot
Authors: Gradolewski Dawid , Maslowski Dawid , Dziak Damian , Jachimczyk Bartosz , Mundlamuri Siva Teja , Prakash Chandran  G. , Kulesza Wlodek J.
Published: April 2020

Robotization has become common in modern factories due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Lots of robots and manipulators share their workspaces with humans what could lead to hazardous situations causing health damage or even death. This article presents a real-time safety system applying the distributed computing paradigm for a collaborative robot. The system consists of detection/sensing modules connected with a server working as decision-making system. Each configurable sensing module pre-processes vision information and then sends to the server the images cropped to new objects extracted from a background. After identifying persons from the images, the decision-making system sends a request to the robot to perform pre-defined action. In the proposed solution, there are indicated three safety zones defined by three different actions on a robot motion. As identification method, state-of-the-art of Machine Learning algorithms, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Viola-Jones, and You Only Look Once (YOLO), have been examined and presented. The industrial environment tests indicated that YOLOv3 algorithm outperformed other solutions in terms of identification capabilities, false positive rate and maximum latency.
Electro-Thermal Modelling and Experimental Verification of Power Semiconductor Diode
Authors: Pavelek Miroslav , Frivaldsky Michal , Sojka Peter , Morgos Jan
Published: April 2020

The aim of the proposed paper is discussing problematics related to the thermal modelling of power electronic components. More in detail, the electro-thermal relationship is investigated for the selected power diode, while analysis shall serve for system optimization considering thermal performance with the use of highly accurate 3D simulation model. The presented approach describes the procedure of the simulation model development, whereby the main part is discussing necessities relevant for material property identification through the indirect procedure, i.e, material properties are not known from the manufacturer. Electro-thermal dependencies are defined within the proposed model, while this model enables parametric changes of the geometrical properties of the device. Added value of this procedure is the possibility of its use in exact determination of the lifetime of a semiconductor component using mathematical models taking into account operational variables (current, voltage, temperature, etc.). The proposed model is verified and validated through thermovision experimental measurements within defined operational conditions.
Integer- and Fractional-Order VCO Using Non-Inertial Amplitude Stabilization and Modern Active Elements
Authors: Sotner Roman , Petrzela Jiri , Jerabek Jan , Langhammer Lukas , Polak Josef , Jaikla Winai , Tuntrakool Sunti
Published: April 2020

This paper introduces design of the linearly tunable quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using modern off-the-shelf active elements suitable for the design of electronically adjustable applications. The simplified topology was achieved using non-inertial stabilization of amplitude. It allows targeting adjustability of the oscillation frequency only into lossless integrator part of the topology. This arrangement simplifies the design and the tenability also. Derived symbolical expressions indicate that gain adjustment of used amplifiers (that are still in single path) does not influence amplitude and phase shift ratio of generated waveforms, which is a beneficial feature. The performances of the circuit are tested experimentally in band of units of MHz and results confirmed expected behavior. Initial study of the oscillator with fractional-order capacitors is presented and discussed. Results are supported by laboratory measurements.
Robe versus Brief im Diversionsverfahren
Authors: Pitz Tamara Verena
Published: April 2020

Juvenile delinquency is omnipresent and ubiquitous. In times of resource-limited personnel policy, dwindling social control and media-effective appeals for sanctions, how should the judiciary react to typical crimes of young first offenders? Is an informal letter enough to lead the young person back to the right path? Or must the juvenile delinquent truly experience the power of the state in robes in order to persuade him or her to live in accordance with the law?

This dissertation seeks to answer these questions. It offers an empirical study to determine whether a diversion variant within the informal settlements of the German JGG yields superior results in terms of special prevention and procedural economics. Based on these insights, the dissertation formulates a diversion guideline that makes the advantages of a juvenile court hearing available to diversion proceedings and, at the same time, bridges the gap between the requirements of science and the possibilities of practice.
Schwarz-gelbe Reformen im Bund
Authors: Mittag Alexander
Published: April 2020

What factors can lead to political parties implementing reforms that conflict with their (supposed) identity in a policy area? And how, for that matter, can a party identity develop at all in a policy area? This study investigates these questions using the example of the years of ‘black and yellow’ government, a coalition between the CSU/CDU and FDP, in Germany from 2009 to 2013. With the reorganisation of the pharmaceutical market for statutory health insurance, Germany’s withdrawal from peaceful use of nuclear energy and the suspension of compulsory military service, the Union and the FDP implemented reforms that had not been stipulated in the coalition agreement. These three reforms not only represented a rapid change of policy in the policy areas in question, but also a break with the previous identity of at least one of the coalition partners. This study scrutinises the causes and course of the reforms, the importance of internal and external veto players in this respect, and the role of the ministers in the reform process.
Schuldrecht Allgemeiner Teil
Authors: Brömmelmeyer Christoph
Published: April 2020

Das Lehrbuch von Brömmelmeyer erläutert prüfungsorientiert den Allgemeinen Teil des Schuldrechts. Übersichten und Schaubilder, Merksätze, Fälle und Fragen erleichtern das Verständnis dieses hoch abstrakten Rechtsgebiets. Im Mittelpunkt der Darstellung steht das besonders ausbildungsrelevante Recht der Leistungsstörungen. Das Lernbuch orientiert sich an der höchstrichterlichen Rechtsprechung und ist deswegen auch für Praktiker geeignet, die nach einer kurzen und klaren, konzisen Erläuterung der aktuellen Rechtslage suchen. Vollständig berücksichtigt ist der Einfluss des Europäischen Privatrechts.
Description of two new species of Xevioso (Araneae: Phyxelididae) from Southern Africa, with the northernmost localities for the genus
Authors: Pett Brogan L. , Jocqué Rudy
Published: April 2020

Two new species of Phyxelididae are described from southern Africa: Xevioso cepfi sp. nov. (♂♀), from mountains in the Niassa Province of northern Mozambique, and X. megcummingae sp. nov. (♂♀), from urban Harare, northern Zimbabwe and the Viphya Mts in Malawi. They represent the northernmost localities of the genus. An identification key, partially adapted for the new species, is presented. The biogeographical importance of the mountain areas on both sides of the northern part of Lake Malawi is discussed.
La configuración del fenómeno ecologista #FridaysForFuture como proceso de opinión pública digital en España
Authors: Rivas-de-Roca Rubén
Published: April 2020

El cambio climático se ha erigido en los últimos tiempos en motivo de preocupación mediática y ciudadana, espoleado por una ola de protestas juveniles a lo largo del planeta. La estudiante y activista Greta Thunberg inició una serie de huelgas por el clima difundidas en Twitter bajo el hashtag #FridaysForFuture, convirtiendo la Red en espacio de acción política, que se conectaba con la dimensión presencial.Teniendo esto en cuenta, el presente estudio analiza la configuración del fenómeno #FridaysForFuture como proceso de opinión pública digital en España. Para ello, se emplea la estrategia de investigación del estudio de casos, aplicados sobre tweets de interés para el desarrollo de este movimiento. Se busca obtener información sobre cinco grandes elementos: emergencia temática en redes, canales de expresión, dinámicas de interacción, interlocutores principales y análisis discursivo de sus mensajes.Como resultados, se observan una serie de contenidos diseñados para jóvenes y dotados de fuerte carga emocional, cimentados en la idea de gobierno representativo. A pesar del carácter novedoso de la movilización, su objetivo es institucional, lo que se refleja en que sus interlocutores sean tradicionales, como los partidos políticos o los medios de comunicación. Estos últimos resultan clave para entender la aparición del fenómeno en España, ya que desde finales de 2018 informaban sobre la iniciativa de Greta Thunberg. Por tanto, en nuestro país #FridaysForFuture no presenta un origen tan participativo como en otros Estados, a lo que se suma un carácter menos individualista y más organizacional en Twitter frente al movimiento matriz.
Editorial
Authors: Tarullo Raquel , Sampietro Agnese , López García Guillermo
Published: April 2020

En su sexto número, la revista Dígitos presenta un monográfico dedicado al análisis del uso de herramientas de comunicación electrónica para fomentar diversas formas de activismo. Además del monográfico, este número de la revista alberga cuatro artículos publicados en la sección Zona Abierta y dos reseñas. En este texto, se presentan los contenidos del número y la valoración por parte de las coordinadoras del monográfico y el director de la revista.
Evaluation of growth and nutritional condition of children in Public Schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Macêdo Cícero Cruz , Leone Claudio , Nascimento Viviane Gabriela , Ramos José Lucas Souza , Cardoso Jane Laner , Olea Debora A. Zambrano , Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro , Abreu Luiz Carlos de
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Obesity is becoming more and more frequent in children, which can result in health problems both in childhood and in adulthood. Considering that, at school age, eating habits may be influenced by the context in which the child is inserted, mainly, lifestyle, inside and outside the school environment, it is important to evaluate the growth achieved in height, as well as their nutritional status, since this can be an indication of future and possible nutritional disorders, allowing to direct resources and effective public policies in this age group.
Objective: Evaluate the growth in stature and nutritional condition of schoolchildren by gender and age in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the first semester of the 2012 school year. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 595 children of six to ten years of age, through the marketing of Public Municipal Elementary Schools, in the city of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.  The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 20.0.  
Results: It was assessed a larger proportion of children between seven and nine years of age, and both in relation to the stature as the Body Mass Index (BMI). The medians are higher when compared to the reference (World Health Organization), revealing that the children are growing well, even above the average for the benchmark. However, at the same time, they have a BMI higher than expected, even considering their high stature. The diagnosis of nutritional status among the boys and girls showed no statistical differences. However, it is worth highlighting that, although the bigger prevalence is eutrophic children (70.3%), a high prevalence of excess weight (overweight, obesity and severe obesity) can also be observed, around 28% of the sample.
Conclusions: Although most children were found to be in normal nutritional condition, some were identified as being overweight or obese. It was evident that nutritional condition does not differ in relation to gender, but is influenced by age and height.
Adolescent nutrition monitoring the Health Program in School
Authors: Diniz Camila Bantim Cross , Feitosa Amanda Alves , Coutinho Bruna Luiza Matos , Gomes Samara Calixto , Sant’anna André Luis , Araújo Aretha Feitosa de , Guimarães José Maria Ximenes , Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira , Ramos José Lucas Souza , Oliveira Maryldes Lucena Bezerra
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are important public health problems. In this context, the school has been identified as a favorable environment for carrying out health education programs. The Health at School Program and its important performance stand out. Thus, considering these discussions, they ask: How are the actions developed by the Health at School Program, focused on nutrition, being implemented?
Objective: Analyze the teenager monitoring in the School Health Program (PSE in Brazil) opposite actions to the nutritional aspects of adolescents.
Methods: This is a descriptive, qualitative study in Juazeiro municipality North-Ce, with the subject 18 nurses of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) inserted in the PES that municipality.
Results: Nurses have limited assistance in the face of food practices, which implies in its operations; report having difficulty performing their actions outside the conventional health units and focus on strategies for a food menu.
Conclusion: The monitoring of adolescents in the School Health Program ahead nutritional value is still limited to preventive practices involving specific actions, limited to a Sfood education focused on the health problem and not the needs of adolescents.
Bullying in school environment: the educators’ understanding
Authors: Salgado Felipe Soares , Oliveira Wanderlei Abadio de , Silva Jorge Luiz da , Pereira Beatriz Oliveira , Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Lourenço Lélio Moura
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Bullying is a type of violence between peers characterized by intentionality, repetition and imbalance of power between victims and aggressors. The occurrence of bullying in the school context impairs students' learning and healthy development.
Objective: To analyze the educators' understanding of bullying in the school environment.
Methods: Cross-sectional and qualitative study carried out with 16 educators (principals, deputy principals, pedagogical coordinators and teachers) from two public schools in a city in the interior of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews that followed a script produced from indications in the specialized literature were conducted. The content of the interviews was recorded and transcribed in full. The interpretation of the data followed the assumptions of content analysis, in its thematic modality, considering the following steps: pre-analysis, exploration of the material, treatment of results and interpretation.
Results: Three thematic categories were identified: 1) The centrality of families in the problems of schools in relation to the conception of educators; 2) Beliefs that establish explanatory links for bullying; and 3) Intervention actions developed in relation to bullying. The results show that educators' beliefs hold families exclusively responsible for school problems and bullying. These conceptions stem from situations experienced in everyday life or from speeches of other education professionals who reiterate the absence of families and the little parental involvement in the issues of formal education of children as the major problem. Narratives of this nature denote the absence of an expanded understanding of bullying and its complexity. In addition to the family, the educators pointed out the influences of personality, the media and social standards as factors that can explain the involvement of students in bullying situations. For the participants, the most effective responses to minimize or respond adequately to school bullying require the participation of the family and some did not believe that the school could do something effective alone. In the data set, it was noticed that the educators' beliefs and understandings about the problem of bullying prevent measures aimed at school aspects, which are more proximal to the occurrence of bullying, from being implemented.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the investigated educators need to expand their understanding of bullying, in order to develop effective actions to face this phenomenon in schools, which also include the participation of families.
Body self-perception in age school children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Silva Dayse Karoline Santos da , Cotonhoto Larissy Alves , Souza Mariane Lima de
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The notion of body or body perception is of great importance in the development of motor skills and functionality. In atypical development situations, as in the case of Down syndrome (DS) there is a delay in the development and motor skills are compromised, which possibly is  reflected in the quality of body self-perception in  children with DS.
Objective: To assess the characteristics of body self-perception in school age children with DS.
Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study involving 10 children aged between seven and nine years. To assess body perception, it was used the Body Notion factor from the Psychomotor Battery (BPM). Data analysis was performed qualitatively and quantitatively according to the criteria established by the instruments and the researchers.
Results: The participants' performance regarding the notion of body was not related to their age. The right and left discrimination capability was the body notion sub-factor with the worst performance and the self-image was the sub-factor with the best performance. The drawings of the human figure were split into two categories: unidentifiable (Class A, n = 8) and recognizable (Class B, n = 2).
Conclusion: It is suggested that the self-perception of children with Down Syndrome   analyzed   in this study has a strong relationship with the body and environmental stimuli together with psychomotor and cognitive development, which, however, does not coincide with their chronological age.
Divergent Cl- and H+ pathways underlie transport coupling and gating in CLC exchangers and channels
Authors: Leisle Lilia , Xu Yanyan , Fortea Eva , Lee Sangyun , Galpin Jason D , Vien Malvin , Ahern Christopher A , Accardi Alessio , Bernèche Simon
Published: April 2020

The CLC family comprises H+-coupled exchangers and Cl- channels, and mutations causing their dysfunction lead to genetic disorders. The CLC exchangers, unlike canonical 'ping-pong' antiporters, simultaneously bind and translocate substrates through partially congruent pathways. How ions of opposite charge bypass each other while moving through a shared pathway remains unknown. Here, we use MD simulations, biochemical and electrophysiological measurements to identify two conserved phenylalanine residues that form an aromatic pathway whose dynamic rearrangements enable H+ movement outside the Cl- pore. These residues are important for H+ transport and voltage-dependent gating in the CLC exchangers. The aromatic pathway residues are evolutionarily conserved in CLC channels where their electrostatic properties and conformational flexibility determine gating. We propose that Cl- and H+ move through physically distinct and evolutionarily conserved routes through the CLC channels and transporters and suggest a unifying mechanism that describes the gating mechanism of both CLC subtypes.
The house sparrow in the service of basic and applied biology
Authors: Hanson Haley E , Mathews Noreen S , Hauber Mark E , Martin Lynn B
Published: April 2020

From the northernmost tip of Scandinavia to the southernmost corner of Patagonia, and across six continents, house sparrows (Passer domesticus) inhabit most human-modified habitats of the globe. With over 7,000 articles published, the species has become a workhorse for not only the study of self-urbanized wildlife, but also for understanding life history and body size evolution, sexual selection and many other biological phenomena. Traditionally, house sparrows were studied for their adaptations to local biotic and climatic conditions, but more recently, the species has come to serve as a focus for studies seeking to reveal the genomic, epigenetic and physiological underpinnings of success among invasive vertebrate species. Here, we review the natural history of house sparrows, highlight what the study of these birds has meant to bioscience generally, and describe the many resources available for future work on this species.
Drosophila Synaptotagmin 7 negatively regulates synaptic vesicle release and replenishment in a dosage-dependent manner
Authors: Guan Zhuo , Quiñones-Frías Monica C , Akbergenova Yulia , Littleton J Troy
Published: April 2020

Synchronous neurotransmitter release is triggered by Ca2+ binding to the synaptic vesicle protein Synaptotagmin 1, while asynchronous fusion and short-term facilitation is hypothesized to be mediated by plasma membrane-localized Synaptotagmin 7 (SYT7). We generated mutations in Drosophila Syt7 to determine if it plays a conserved role as the Ca2+ sensor for these processes. Electrophysiology and quantal imaging revealed evoked release was elevated 2-fold. Syt7 mutants also had a larger pool of readily-releasable vesicles, faster recovery following stimulation, and intact facilitation. Syt1/Syt7 double mutants displayed more release than Syt1 mutants alone, indicating SYT7 does not mediate the residual asynchronous release remaining in the absence of SYT1. SYT7 localizes to an internal membrane tubular network within the peri-active zone, but does not enrich at active zones. These findings indicate the two Ca2+ sensor model of SYT1 and SYT7 mediating all phases of neurotransmitter release and facilitation is not applicable at Drosophila synapses.
Disease-associated mutations in the human TRPM3 render the channel overactive via two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Zhao Siyuan , Yudin Yevgen , Rohacs Tibor
Published: April 2020

Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a Ca2+ permeable non-selective cation channel activated by heat and chemical agonists such as pregnenolone sulfate and CIM0216. TRPM3 mutations in humans were recently reported to be associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy; the functional effects of those mutations, however, were not reported. Here, we show that both disease-associated mutations in the human TRPM3 render the channel overactive, but likely via different mechanisms. The Val to Met substitution in the S4-S5 loop induced a larger increase in basal activity and agonist sensitivity at room temperature than the Pro to Gln substitution in the extracellular segment of S6. In contrast, heat activation was increased more by the S6 mutant than by the S4-S5 segment mutant. Both mutants were inhibited by the TRPM3 antagonist primidone, suggesting a potential therapeutic intervention to treat this disease.
Developmental loss of MeCP2 from VIP interneurons impairs cortical function and behavior
Authors: Mossner James M , Batista-Brito Renata , Pant Rima , Cardin Jessica A
Published: April 2020

Rett Syndrome is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from mutations in the gene MECP2. Mutations of Mecp2 that are restricted to GABAergic cell types largely replicate the behavioral phenotypes associated with mouse models of Rett Syndrome, suggesting a pathophysiological role for inhibitory interneurons. Recent work has suggested that vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) interneurons may play a critical role in the proper development and function of cortical circuits, making them a potential key point of vulnerability in neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about the role of VIP interneurons in Rett Syndrome. Here we find that loss of MeCP2 specifically from VIP interneurons replicates key neural and behavioral phenotypes observed following global Mecp2 loss of function.
Book Review: Poet-Librarians in the Library of Babel
Authors: Thomas Camille
Published: April 2020

This is a book review of Poet-Librarians in the Library of Babel: Innovative Meditations on Librarianship and its application to the Scholarly Communication field.
Stomatal conductance bears no correlation with transpiration rate in wheat during their diurnal variation under high air humidity
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Mei Xurong , Wang Yajing , Huang Guirong , Feng Fu , Liu Xiaoying , Guo Rui , Gu Fengxue , Hu Xin , Yang Ziguang , Zhong Xiuli , Li Yuzhong
Published: April 2020

A good understanding of the response of photosynthesis rate (PN) and transpiration rate (Tr) to stomatal alteration during the diurnal variations is important to cumulative photosynthetic production and water loss of crops. Six wheat genotypes were studied for 2 years with pot cultivation in rain-shelter. Among different genotypes, stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly correlated with both PN and Tr. But for each genotype, though gs was significantly correlated with PN regardless of relative air humidity (RH) status and it was also significantly correlated with Tr under lower RH (LRH, 15.4%) and moderate RH (MRH, 28.3%), it was not correlated with Tr under higher RH (HRH, 36.7%) during the diurnal changes. The conditional correlation between gs and Tr of wheat evoked new thinking on the relationships among gs, PN and Tr. Path analysis was further carried out to clarify the correlations of gs with the four atmospheric factors, that of Tr with gs and the four factors and the direct and indirect effects of the factors, during their diurnal dynamic variation. The effects of these factors on gs or Tr were related to RH. All the four factors had a much higher correlation with gs under HRH than that under LRH and MRH. Air temperature (T) had a rather higher direct effect than RH and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Also, the other factors had a much higher indirect effect on gs through vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and T. Transpiration rate was highly correlated with gs under LRH and MRH, with gs having a higher direct effect on it. In comparison, Tr was not correlated with gs under HRH but highly correlated with the atmospheric factors, with T, RH, and PAR having a higher indirect effect through VPD.
The GAR domain integrates functions that are necessary for the proper localization of fibrillarin (FBL) inside eukaryotic cells
Authors: Shubina Maria Y. , Arifulin Eugene A. , Sorokin Dmitry V. , Sosina Mariya A. , Tikhomirova Maria A. , Serebryakova Marina V. , Smirnova Tatiana , Sokolov Svyatoslav S. , Musinova Yana R. , Sheval Eugene V.
Published: April 2020

Fibrillarin (FBL) is an essential nucleolar protein that participates in pre-rRNA methylation and processing. The methyltransferase domain of FBL is an example of an extremely well-conserved protein domain in which the amino acid sequence was not substantially modified during the evolution fromArchaeatoEukaryota. An additional N-terminal glycine–arginine-rich (GAR) domain is present in the FBL of eukaryotes. Here, we demonstrate that the GAR domain is involved in FBL functioning and integrates the functions of the nuclear localization signal and the nucleolar localization signal (NoLS). The methylation of the arginine residues in the GAR domain is necessary for nuclear import but decreases the efficiency of nucleolar retention via the NoLS. The presented data indicate that the GAR domain can be considered an evolutionary innovation that integrates several functional activities and thereby adapts FBL to the highly compartmentalized content of the eukaryotic cell.
Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets
Authors: Sun Yuqing , Zhong Shi , Deng Bo , Jin Qinsheng , Wu Jie , Huo Jinxi , Zhu Jianxun , Zhang Cheng , Li Yougui
Published: April 2020

Background

Antibiotics are the most commonly used growth-promoting additives in pig feed especially for weaned piglets. But in recent years their use has been restricted because of bacterial resistance. Phellinus, a genus of medicinal fungi, is widely used in Asia to treat gastroenteric dysfunction, hemrrhage, and tumors. Phellinus is reported to improve body weight on mice with colitis. Therefore, we hypothesize that it could benefit the health and growth of piglets, and could be used as an alternative to antibiotic. Here, the effect of Phellinus gilvus mycelia (SH) and antibiotic growth promoter (ATB) were investigated on weaned piglets.

Methods

A total of 72 crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (n = 4 pens per treatment group with six piglets per pen). The control group was fed basal diet; the SH treatment group was fed basal diet containing 5 g/kg SH; the ATB treatment group was feed basal diet containing 75 mg/kg aureomycin and 20 mg/kg kitasamycin. The experiment period was 28 days. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed intake to gain ratio were calculated. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum were assessed. Viable plate counts of Escherichia coli in feces were measured. Fecal microbiota was analyzed via the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method.

Results

The ADG (1–28 day) of piglets was significantly higher in SH and ATB treatment groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control, and the ADG did not show significant difference between SH and ATB treatment groups (P > 0.05). Both SH and ATB treatments increased the MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in serum compared to the control (P < 0.05), but the levels in SH group were all significantly higher than in the ATB group (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiological analysis showed that viable E. coli counts were dramatically decreased by SH and ATB. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that ATB shifted the microbiota structure drastically, and significantly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Faecalibacterium genera. But SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, and only increased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella genus.

Conclusion

Our work demonstrated that though SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, it markedly reduced the fecal E. coli population, and improved growth and innate immunity in piglets. Our finding suggested that SH could be an alternative to ATB in piglet feed.
Research on the Interaction Coupling between Disruptive Innovation and Knowledge Spillover
Authors: Lu Jingfei , Xie Jianmin
Published: April 2020

Disruptive innovation is the main form of innovation for latecomers to catch up with technology. Knowledge spillover can achieve low-cost disruptive innovation, which has an important impact on the development of disruptive innovation. Disruptive innovation of latecomers can promote the flow of knowledge in the production network. Disruptive innovation and knowledge spillover are two independent and interrelated systems, but the relationship between them is not fully explained. In this paper, the index system of interactive coupling evaluation is constructed, the index weight is calculated by entropy weight method, and the coupling evaluation model of disruptive innovation and knowledge spillover is established to reveal the relationship between them. It is found that disruptive innovation and knowledge spillover are in the stage of moderate coupling and highly coordinated coupling and the contribution rate of the two systems in the total system will affect the coupling and coordination between them.
Nutritional Potentials and Uses of Pawpaw (Carica papaya): A Review
Authors: Daagema A. A. , Orafa P. N. , Igbua F. Z.
Published: April 2020

Pawpaw is a fast growing fruit tree with edible fruits which are consumed in many countries of the world. The fruits are edible in its unripe and ripe forms such as in salads, juices, smoothies, soups and for therapeutic purposes. Other uses include in medicine and cosmetic industries were the fruits as well as other parts of the tree are used in the production of drugs and several cosmetic items. Pawpaw fruits are rich in several nutrients especially vitamins and minerals however its consumption is low when considered to other popular fruits. Hence this review looks at the nutritional potential of pawpaw fruit as a good micronutrient source just as other fruits.
Retracted: Reduced levels of miR‐485‐5p in HPV‐infected cervical cancer promote cell proliferation and enhance invasion ability
Authors: Dai Yuanyuan , Xie Fengyan , Chen Yan
Published: April 2020

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common gynecological malignancy, with high incidence and mortality rates in China. The microRNA miR‐485‐5p has previously been reported to serve as a negative regulator of tumorigenesis in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, and miR‐485‐5p has been observed to be differentially expressed between CC and normal control tissue. Here, we confirmed that miR‐485‐5p expression is lower in CC than in adjacent normal tissue and proceeded to investigate the effects of miR‐485 on tumor behavior in CC cell lines. We report that miR‐485‐5p transcription is decreased in HPV‐infected CC tissue, and levels of miR‐485 in clinical samples are positively correlated with the 5‐year overall survival rate. The Transwell assay showed that miR‐485‐5p inhibited cell invasion and migration but had no influence on apoptosis and cell proliferation. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that miR‐485‐5p partially abrogated cell migration and proliferation by targeting FLOT‐1 mRNA. Transfection of HPV‐infected cervical carcinoma cells with an adenovirus vector encoding human FLOT‐1 partially diminished the inhibitory effects of miR‐485 on cell invasion. Taken, together, these data demonstrated that miR‐485‐5p suppresses the invasion of cancer cells by targeting FLOT‐1 in HPV‐infected cervical carcinoma cells.
Bioinspired One Cell Culture Isolates Highly Tumorigenic and Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells Capable of Multilineage Differentiation
Authors: Wang Hai , Agarwal Pranay , Jiang Bin , Stewart Samantha , Liu Xuanyou , Liang Yutong , Hancioglu Baris , Webb Amy , Fisher John P. , Liu Zhenguo , Lu Xiongbin , Tkaczuk Katherine H. R. , He Xiaoming
Published: April 2020

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare cancer cells that are postulated to be responsible for cancer relapse and metastasis. However, CSCs are difficult to isolate and poorly understood. Here, a bioinspired approach for label‐free isolation and culture of CSCs, by microencapsulating one cancer cell in the nanoliter‐scale hydrogel core of each prehatching embryo‐like core–shell microcapsule, is reported. Only a small percentage of the individually microencapsulated cancer cells can proliferate into a cell colony. Gene and protein expression analyses indicate high stemness of the cells in the colonies. Importantly, the colony cells are capable of cross‐tissue multilineage (e.g., endothelial, cardiac, neural, and osteogenic) differentiation, which is not observed for “CSCs” isolated using other contemporary approaches. Further studies demonstrate the colony cells are highly tumorigenic, metastatic, and drug resistant. These data show the colony cells obtained with the bioinspired one‐cell‐culture approach are truly CSCs. Significantly, multiple pathways are identified to upregulate in the CSCs and enrichment of genes related to the pathways is correlated with significantly decreased survival of breast cancer patients. Collectively, this study may provide a valuable method for isolating and culturing CSCs, to facilitate the understanding of cancer biology and etiology and the development of effective CSC‐targeted cancer therapies.
Influence of height on likelihood of employment, occupational sorting, and earnings in 27 post‐communist countries
Authors: Habibov Nazim , Auchynnikava Alena , Luo Rong , Fan Lida
Published: April 2020

Objectives

We study the influence of height on labour market outcomes using micro‐data from a recent survey that cover 27 post‐communist countries. Specifically, we focus on the influence of height on three dimensions of labour market outcome: (1) likelihood of employment, (2) occupational sorting, and (3) earnings.

Methods

We use micro‐data from 2016 Life‐In‐Transition survey (LITS) which was jointly conducted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. We run several types of regression to show how height influences (1) likelihood of employment, (2) occupational sorting, and (3) earnings.

Results

When controlling for a comprehensive set of covariates, for each 10 cm increase in height, the probability of getting a job increases by 1% points for males and by 3 for females. Equally, for each 10 cm increase in height, the probability of getting a job increases by 2% points in urban areas and rural areas. Our findings demonstrate that taller women and men are more likely: (a) being an employer rather than an employee; (b) to be employed in higher‐paid and more prestigious sectors of finance, insurance, and real estate; (c) to be employed in private enterprises. Finally, when occupational sorting and socio‐demographics are controlled for, a 10 cm increase in height results in a 5% increase in earning for men, and a 12% increase in earnings for women.

Conclusions

Using a diverse sample of 27 post‐communist countries, we found that taller individuals have better labour market outcomes in terms of employment, occupational sorting, and earnings.
Age‐stratified longitudinal study of Alzheimer's and vascular dementia patients
Authors: Jørgensen Isabella Friis , Aguayo‐Orozco Alejandro , Lademann Mette , Brunak Søren
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Similar symptoms, comorbidities and suboptimal diagnostic tests make the distinction between different types of dementia difficult, although this is essential for improved work‐up and treatment optimization.

Methods

We calculated temporal disease trajectories of earlier multi‐morbidities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and vascular dementia (VaD) patients using the Danish National Patient Registry covering all hospital encounters in Denmark (1994 to 2016). Subsequently, we reduced the comorbidity space dimensionality using a non‐linear technique, uniform manifold approximation and projection.

Results

We found 49,112 and 24,101 patients that were diagnosed with AD or VaD, respectively. Temporal disease trajectories showed very similar disease patterns before the dementia diagnosis. Stratifying patients by age and reducing the comorbidity space to two dimensions, showed better discrimination between AD and VaD patients in early‐onset dementia.

Discussion

Similar age‐associated comorbidities, the phenomenon of mixed dementia, and misdiagnosis create great challenges in discriminating between classical subtypes of dementia.
Discovery of a Dual Function Cytochrome P450 that Catalyzes Enyne Formation in Cyclohexanoid Terpenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Yu‐Rong , Naresh Annavareddi , Liang Suh‐Yuen , Lin Chun‐Hung , Chein Rong‐Jie , Lin Hsiao‐Ching
Published: April 2020

The 1,3‐enyne moiety is commonly found in cyclohexanoid natural products produced by endophytic and plant pathogenic fungi. Asperpentyn (1) is a 1,3‐enyne‐containing cyclohexanoid terpenoid isolated from Aspergillus and Pestalotiopsis. The genetic basis and biochemical mechanism of 1,3‐enyne biosynthesis in 1, and other natural products containing this motif, has remained enigmatic despite their potential ecological roles. Identified here is the biosynthetic gene cluster and characterization of two crucial enzymes in the biosynthesis of 1. A P450 monooxygenase that has a dual function, to first catalyze dehydrogenation of the prenyl chain to generate a cis‐diene intermediate and then serve as an acetylenase to yield an alkyne moiety, and thus the 1,3‐enyne, was discovered. A UbiA prenyltransferase was also characterized and it is unusual in that it favors transferring a five‐carbon prenyl chain, rather than a polyprenyl chain, to a p‐hydroxybenzoic acid acceptor.
Isoreticular Linker Substitution in Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks with Through‐Space Transport Pathways
Authors: Xie Lilia S. , Park Sarah S. , Chmielewski Michał J. , Liu Hanyu , Kharod Ruby A. , Yang Luming , Campbell Michael G. , Dincă Mircea
Published: April 2020

The extension of reticular chemistry concepts to electrically conductive three‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been challenging, particularly for cases in which strong interactions between electroactive linkers create the charge transport pathways. Here, we report the successful replacement of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) with a nickel glyoximate core in a family of isostructural conductive MOFs with Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. Different coordination environments of the framework metals lead to variations in the linker stacking geometries and optical properties. Single‐crystal conductivity data are consistent with charge transport along the linker stacking direction, with conductivity values only slightly lower than those reported for the analogous TTF materials. These results serve as a case study demonstrating how reticular chemistry design principles can be extended to conductive frameworks with significant intermolecular contacts.
Differentiation of ring‐substituted regioisomers of cathinone analogs by supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Segawa Hiroki , Kusakabe Kosuke , Ishii Ayumu , Kato Noriyuki , Iwata Yuko T. , Yamamuro Tadashi , Kuwayama Kenji , Tsujikawa Kenji , Kanamori Tatsuyuki
Published: April 2020

Various new psychoactive substances, such as cathinone and its analogs, possess similar chemical structures. Accurate identification of structurally similar drugs of abuse is important in forensic drug analysis. Chromatographic differentiation is a powerful analytical technique for this purpose. In this study, we applied supercritical fluid chromatography to differentiate ring‐substituted regioisomers of six synthetic cathinone analogs (fluoro‐α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone, methyl‐α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone, methoxy‐α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone, fluoro‐α‐pyrrolidinooctanophenone, fluoropentedrone, and fluorooctedrone). The examined cathinone analogs were weakly retained on the stationary phase (possessing diol functional group) and eluted quickly. We optimized the conditions to retain the examined cathinone analogs to achieve sufficient separation, and found that the types of functional groups on the stationary phase greatly affected the retention and separation. Systematic examination of the chromatographic conditions showed that the two stationary phases possessing anthracene and pentafluorobenzyl groups had good separation capabilities for the examined 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐regioisomers of six cathinone analogs, which had different skeletal structures. Interestingly, the two stationary phases showed different selectivities, and alteration of the elution order was observed. The developed method was validated and its discrimination ability was investigated by measuring mass spectra and absorption spectra. Supercritical fluid chromatography‐ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy/mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique for differentiation of ring‐substituted cathinone analogs.
Intraoperative Irrigation: Fluid Administration and Management Amidst Conflicting Evidence
Authors: Lindahl Sandra B.
Published: April 2020

Surgeons use irrigation during open cavity procedures to improve their view of the patient's anatomy and to reduce the patient's risk of infection. However, there are no standard guidelines that recommend a specific type of fluid, additive, or volume of irrigation to use during open procedures. Intraoperative hypothermia can occur if irrigation fluids have not been warmed or have cooled before use, causing adverse patient outcomes. In addition, failing to manage (eg, measure and document) fluid volume accurately may affect clinical decision making and cause other complications. Perioperative personnel should evaluate new technologies that may improve the efficiency and accuracy of irrigation temperature and volume measurements. More research is needed to develop standardized practice guidelines for intraoperative irrigation and fluid management.