bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G.D. Grebenshikov humane pedagogics
Authors: Pinaev S.M. , Ametova E.K. , Tsaregorodtseva S.S.
Published: June 2021

Stating the problem. Time is the best measure of creativity evaluation. It ruthlessly and objectively separates the wheat from the chaff. Only real literature can stand the test of time. Georgiy Grebenshikov’s talent was noticed from the very beginning of his creative work. He was highly acknowledged by A.M. Gorkiy, V.K. Korolenko, V.Y. Shishkov, F.M. Shalyapin, I.I. Sikorskiy, N.K. Rerih and others. However his author fate was not always even and smooth. He has spent the most part of his life far from his Motherland. This fact saved the writer from inevitable repressions and at the same time was his tragedy. In one of his letters he admitted that if a dog from his Motherland came, he would kiss it. Immigration has divided his creative work into two periods: Siberian 1906-1920 and Immigration 1920-1956.
Innovative Master’s program “Digital Pedagogy”
Authors: Voronin D.М. , Koloskova T.A. , Astafieva O.A.
Published: June 2021

This work is devoted to the development of a new master’s program, created on the basis of a sociological study of stakeholders, including an innovative digital component. As a result of the sociological research, the main interests of stakeholders and the requirements for the competencies of teachers were identified. The stakeholders were the heads of educational organizations and students of pedagogical universities. A survey of 823 students of higher educational institutions and more than 200 principals of Russian schools was conducted through Google forms using open questions. Based on the received request, a pool of competencies was formed, which is necessary for a teacher in professional activity. As a result, the master’s program “Digital Pedagogy” was developed, which includes a digital component of each universal and general professional competence, as well as three professional competencies developed by the university for this program. The competence model of a graduate assumes that he / she has the skills to develop and use digital educational solutions, technologies for developing and implementing digital gaming practices, skills for using STEAM training, skills for creating and promoting online courses, and the use of virtual and augmented reality in the educational process. The graduate should be able to use digital tools for collective and project work, video conferencing tools, video processing programs, video hosting services, apply digital learning management systems and activity planning, digital tools for searching, storing, processing and presenting educational information in the educational process.
Forming student self-organization culture as a factor of improving the educational process quality in higher education
Authors: Dyorina N.V. , Savva L.I. , Rabina E.I.
Published: June 2021

The authors analyze the stated problem in philosophical, historical, psychological and pedagogical aspects, clarify the conceptual apparatus of the research, determine the structural components of the personality of a technical university student with self-organization culture, describe the developed structural and functional model of the formation of self-organization culture of a technical university student, implemented on the example of humanities disciplines, substantiate the set of pedagogical conditions of the considered process. The main goal of personal self-organization is to control one’s life on the basis of optimal use of available opportunities and taking into account individual characteristics and abilities. It is determined that all this requires the individual to make efforts to restructure his or her life activities and involves self-reflection, self-monitoring and self-correction of behavior.
Pedagogical design in the design of educational materials when creating electronic courses
Authors: Kalimullina O.A. , Afzalova A.N. , Kuznetsova Y.N.
Published: June 2021

The article indicates the importance of the principles of pedagogical design and pedagogical design in ensuring the effectiveness of e-learning. The author considers the features and advantages of blended learning for both students and university teachers in general, shows the possibilities of using the electronic environment within the framework of full-time and distance learning. The practical aspect of these problems is considered, which is associated with the fact that few teachers are ready to master the latest technologies, design the content and organizational aspects of the digital educational space, adapt the educational process to the requirements of an innovative society, since there are no ideas about the digital educational space as a whole.
Structure of readiness of pedagogical university students for prevention of addictive behavior
Authors: Shubnikova E.G.
Published: June 2021

The spread of addictive behavior among minors continues to be a dangerous trend about children and young people. Therefore, one of the most important areas of pedagogical activity is the prevention of addictions in educational organizations, as well as the training of pedagogical university students for being able to prevent addictions in children and adolescents. The study considers the structure of pedagogical university students’ readiness for the prevention of addictions in the educational environment, relying on a competence-based approach. We have proposed a characteristic of the model for assessing the competence of future teachers in the prevention of addictive behavior in children and young people. We considered the content of the training of future teachers for the prevention of addictive behavior based on the study of preventive pedagogy, and analyzed the main approaches to the prevention of addictive behavior in the educational environment. We presented the results of an experimental study and revealed the effectiveness of the training of pedagogical university students for preventive activities with adolescents.
Formation of paremiological competence using mobile applications in a foreign language lesson in elementary school
Authors: Kulkova M.A. , Giniatullina A.I. , Konopleva N.V.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the conditions for the formation of paremiological competence in a foreign language lesson using mobile applications. Their usage allows to improve the quality of the process of learning foreign language thanks to the elements of interactivity. Mobile applications provide the ability of flexible adaptation of educational content to the individual needs of the teacher. Using the mobile application called ‘Quizlet’ is one of the most effective ways to form the paremiological component of communicative competence in schoolchildren at the initial stage of education. The success of using this mobile application in teaching English vocabulary is confirmed by the results of the pedagogical experiment.
Formation of the subject intelligence qualities of the future officer through the context of his future professional activities (on the example of military training)
Authors: Naumov P.Y. , Novikov N.S. , Mukhina T.G.
Published: June 2021

During the period of receiving education at a military university, a cadet must be formed as a person, a subject of social activity, corresponding to the rank of an officer not according to the assigned military rank or military position. Such a quality (property) of a person is his intelligence, as the totality of his education, ability to communicate and understand another, development of value consciousness, readiness for self-sacrifice and possession of a special form of existential assessment - referring phenomena included in his field of activity to universal, meaningful for him problems
Digital portfolio of the teacher as a means of developing professional competencies
Authors: Nechaeva O.A.
Published: June 2021

The technology of the electronic portfolio of a teacher is presented, which ensures the continuous development of professional skills and assessment of competencies, for the implementation of effective professional activities using new methods of teaching and education in a modern and safe digital educational environment. The study is aimed at creating an adequate system of continuous professional development of teachers and assessment of competencies based on e-portfolio technology, taking into account Russian and international academic and professional standards, ready and able to implement professional activities at a high-quality level in a modern and safe digital educational environment. The practical significance of the research carried out lies in the organization of continuous professional training and support of pedagogical personnel, the effective assessment of competencies based on the e-portfolio technology in a modern and safe digital educational environment.
Quality assurance in the provision of language education and training (case study: language education policy)
Authors: Nurutdinova A.R. , Shakirova D.Sh. , Dmitrieva E.V.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this scientific article is to describe the practice of forming the university’s language education policy as a factor in ensuring the professional training quality of modern specialists. The analyzes presented in the scientific article are intended for teachers, teachers of foreign languages, specialists in the field of professional education of various profiles, organizers of the educational process at universities, students, undergraduates, graduate students, applicants, representatives of university and non-university communities interested in: 1) quality assurance professional training of modern specialists at universities; 2) ensuring the language education quality of specialists of various profiles as a component and the quality indicator of professional education of specialists; 3) the language interaction and professional education as a system and subsystem of university education; 4) scientific disciplines integration: theory and methods of vocational education, pedagogy, didactics, politics, professional linguodidactics, methods of foreign languages teaching; 5) the relationship and interdependence of different policies (language policy, university’s language education policy, quality policy) and different politics (world, European, state, regional, institutional/ university); 6) the concepts relationship and the mutual influence of the formation processes of the educational space of different levels, the university’s educational environment, the educational context of the interaction of subjects, the linguistic educational environment; 7) theory and practice of the university’s language education policy.
Professional mobility of the future officer: to the formulation of the development problem
Authors: Skripkina T.P. , Naumov D.Yu. , Melentyev I.S.
Published: June 2021

In modern psychological and pedagogical studies, social and professional mobility is rarely correlated with the performance of military service duties. This circumstance is dictated by the ideas about the uniformity and legal «regulation» of military-service relations. The authors substantiate the need for the development of professional mobility, both on the vertical and on the horizontal layer, since the variety of duties performed by officers in the course of military work and the presence of various military positions to which he can be appointed, requires rapid adaptation to changing conditions of the social environment. The novelty of the research is that: the scientific results of the analysis of the structure of professional mobility of future officers are presented; the concept of «professional mobility of the future officer» is concretized based on the features of solving professional tasks by officers in the military; the conditions and means of developing the professional mobility of future officers are established and proposed.
Professional psychological selection of military personnel: structure and main characteristics
Authors: Skripkina T.P. , Smirnov D.V. , Bolshakova V.M.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the essential characteristics of professional psychological selection of military personnel through the analysis of professional selection and its structure. The problem of effective implementation of professional psychological selection is considered by the authors as a problem of mutual correspondence of the individual and the profession. It is noted that it is solvable only if a certain set of requirements is met: both the individual's requests for a certain type of professional activity, and the requirements of the activity itself for the subjective characteristics of the «person of labor». Professional selection of military personnel structurally includes: social selection; medical selection; professional psychological selection; educational and qualification selection; assessment of the level of functional development and general physical fitness. The scientific results of the study include the fact that the general characteristics of the candidate and the military specialist performing professional psychological selection, the conditions and means of its implementation are disclosed.
The use of modern digital technologies in humanitarian universities as a requirement for the implementation of an activity-based approach in teaching
Authors: Bekirova E. Sh. , Bekirov S.N. , Harabadjah M.N.
Published: June 2021

In this article the attention is paid to the need of revising the training system for specialists in humanitarian spheres. The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of e-learning and the formation of an e-culture of specialists in professional organizations, to study the ways of developing students’ independence by means of information and communication technologies, the usage of computer tools and systems for protecting digital resources, as well as the studying of e-learning introduction and the formation of an electronic culture of specialists in professional organizations.
The use of ICT and distance learning technologies in teaching
Authors: Petrozitskaya I.A. , Elkina I.I. , Mazanyuk E.F.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the use of distance learning technologies in teaching. The authors also distinguish the features of learning using distance learning methods. The authors note that the rapid development of information and communication technologies and the use of e-learning have expanded the possibilities of the educational process and provided opportunities for the general development of students. Practice shows that the use of electronic educational resources improves students’ perception and understanding of the discussed issues, creates more comfortable conditions for learning. However, by means of the systematic use of electronic educational resources in the educational process in combination with traditional teaching methods and pedagogical innovations, the effectiveness of multilevel education has significantly increased. At the same time, there is a qualitative increase in educational results due to the simultaneous impact of several technologies.
Die deutsche Version des Brunel Balance Assessments zur Erfassung der Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit bei Menschen nach einem Schlaganfall: kulturelle Adaptation und erste psychometrische Evaluation
Authors: Wischke-Baltes Agnes , Tyson Sarah F , Braun Tobias
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Das Brunel Balance Assessments (BBA) ist ein klinisches Messinstrument zur Erfassung der Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit von Menschen nach Schlaganfall. Die englischsprachige Originalversion des Assessments weist gute Gütekriterien auf.

Ziel Übersetzung und kulturelle Adaptation des BBA für den deutschsprachigen Raum sowie erste Einschätzung der Praktikabilität und Konstruktvalidität.

Methode Das BBA wurde konform einer etablierten Leitlinie ins Deutsche übersetzt. Als Teil dieses Prozesses wurde eine präfinale deutsche Version des Assessments über einen Zeitraum von 10 Wochen in einem ambulanten Rehabilitationszentrum von Physiotherapeut*innen klinisch angewendet. Die anschließende Überarbeitung des Assessments basierte auf den Erfahrungen der Anwender*innen. Eine erste Analyse der Konstruktvalidität folgte dem Ansatz des Hypothesentestens. Es wurde angenommen, dass das BBA stark mit Testwerten anderer Assessments des funktionellen Gleichgewichts und der Gehfähigkeit korreliert. Als Indikator der Praktikabilität wurde die Durchführungszeit des BBA erfasst.

Ergebnisse Die präfinale deutsche Version wurde von 10 Therapeut*innen mit 25 Patient*innen nach Schlaganfall klinisch angewendet. Durch geringfügige Anpassungen wurde eine finale deutsche Version des BBA erstellt. BBA-Testwerte korrelierten moderat mit Testwerten des TUG und Testwerten der FAC. Die durchschnittliche Durchführungszeit des BBA betrug 17 ± 4 Minuten.

Schlussfolgerung Das BBA wurde übersetzt, kulturell für den deutschsprachigen Raum adaptiert und steht nun für die klinische Anwendung zur Verfügung. Vorläufige Analysen weisen auf eine moderate Konstruktvalidität bei Patient*innen nach einem Schlaganfall im ambulanten Setting hin. Eine ausführliche Überprüfung der Gütekriterien steht aus.
Ein neurophysiologischer Ansatz in der Physiotherapie zur Behandlung von Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) – Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven Studie
Authors: Seeländer Johanna , Fricke Oliver
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Untersuchung der Veränderung motorischer Funktionen von Kindern mit Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) bzw. Umschriebener Entwicklungsstörung motorischer Funktion (UEMF) nach 24 Einheiten Physiotherapie auf neurophysiologischer Grundlage oder spezifiziert als neurophysiologische Entwicklungstherapie (NET).

Ziel Die nicht kontrollierte Pilotstudie untersuchte, ob die NET mit einem positiven und langanhaltenden Effekt auf Koordinationsstörungen bei Kindern mit DCD assoziiert ist.

Methode 10 Kinder (4 Mädchen, 6 Jungen, Alter: 6,42 (3,02) Jahre) mit einer DCD-Diagnose wurden mit 24 1:1-Einheiten NET (eine oder 2 Einheiten pro Woche) behandelt. Die motorischen Fähigkeiten wurden dreimal anhand des M-ABC 2 beurteilt: direkt vor, direkt nach und 12 Wochen nach dem Ende der Behandlung.

Ergebnisse Erhebliche Verbesserungen der Ballfertigkeiten (Perzentilrang (PR) 5→75), des Gleichgewichts (PR 91→99,9), der allgemeinen motorischen Fähigkeiten (PR 50→99) und der individuell schwierigsten Teilaufgabe des M-ABC 2 (PR 1→50) von vor bis nach Behandlung. Diese Verbesserungen blieben über die nächsten 12 Wochen stabil und waren unabhängig vom Alter und BMI des Kindes.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse vermitteln einen positiven ersten Eindruck über den Nutzen der NET auf die motorischen Fähigkeiten bei Kindern mit DCD.
Flüssigkeitsmanagement bei Belastung unter Hitzebedingungen
Authors: Osterkamp-Baerens Claudia
Published: June 2021

Outdoor-Sportler, die Tokio 2021 auf dem Zettel haben, sind gut beraten, sich mit ihrem Flüssigkeitshaushalt auseinanderzusetzen. Denn in Tokio wird es höchstwahrscheinlich sehr heiß: Durchschnittlich sind 25,2 °C mit Spitzen bis 37 °C bei einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 70–90 % zu erwarten. Solche Bedingungen führen zu hohen Schweißverlusten und machen es schwer, die Wasserbilanz ausgeglichen zu halten.
Wie erkenne ich Hitzeschäden beim Sport?
Authors: Stienen Astrid
Published: June 2021

Sporttreiben bei Hitze kann für den Organismus sehr belastend sein. Um dauerhafte Beeinträchtigungen der Gesundheit zu vermeiden, ist es wichtig, Symptome von Hitzeschäden richtig einzuordnen und die entsprechenden Gegenmaßnahmen zu ergreifen.
Value of [11C]-Methionine PET/CT in Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Saerens Julie , Velkeniers Brigitte , Keyaerts Marleen , Raeymaeckers Steven , Vanhoeij Marian , Blotwijk Susanne , Bravenboer Bert
Published: June 2021

There are multiple imaging modalities in primary hyperparathyroidism. Ultrasound examination and subtraction scintigraphy are usually the first-line imaging techniques. When these results are negative or inconsistent, additional [11C]-methionine PET/CT (MET-PET/CT) or 4-dimensional computed tomography can be performed. ​This study aims to evaluate MET-PET/CT in comparison with other imaging techniques in primary hyperparathyroidism. This is a retrospective cohort study. Eighty-four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent parathyroid surgery, were included. ​Imaging results have been correlated to the perioperative drop in parathyroid hormone level and to the pathological analysis. ​Descriptive statistics are used, supplemented with 95% Clopper–Pearson confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity and a sub-analysis with the McNemar test on paired data only. The per-lesion sensitivity of MET-PET/CT seems higher than that of [99mTc]-sestamibi or [99mTc]-tetrofosmin and [99mTc]-pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy. The McNemar test, on paired data only, shows significantly higher sensitivity of MET-PET/CT compared to ultrasound (p=0.039) and significantly higher specificity of ultrasound compared to subtraction scintigraphy (p=0.035).​ MET-PET/CT after inconclusive or negative ultrasound and/or subtraction scintigraphy has an additional value in 70% of the cases.​ Preoperative parathyroid hormone levels were higher in patients in whom MET-PET/CT correctly predicted the pathological parathyroid glands, compared to those where MET-PET/CT missed at least one adenoma. The same trend was seen for 4-dimensional computed tomography. In conclusion, MET-PET/CT seems a valuable imaging modality in primary hyperparathyroidism, at least as second line imaging approach, with a higher per-lesion sensitivity than ultrasound in such setting. Especially when ultrasound and/or subtraction scintigraphy are inconclusive or negative, MET-PET/CT directs the surgeon to the correct localization of the parathyroid adenoma.
Determinants of colorectal cancer screening in Germany: a claims data analysis
Authors: Pardey Nicolas , Kreis Kristine , Schmidt Torben , Stahmeyer Jona T. , Krauth Christian , Zeidler Jan
Published: June 2021

With an incidence of 58,000 cases per year, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer in Germany. Although guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT) and colonoscopy are accepted strategies for CRC screening offered for individuals aged 50 or 55 onwards, utilization rates remain low.

This study examines various determinants for participation in CRC screening using claims data provided by the AOK Niedersachsen and covering the years 2014 to 2016. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we analyzed sociodemographic factors (sex, age, nationality, type of employment) associated with screening behavior, including individuals who underwent colonoscopy or gFOBT. The effect of school education and professional qualification was estimated using subgroups of employees with social insurance.

The analysis consisted of 620,977 insured individuals in the study population for screening colonoscopy, while the gFOBT study population contained 845,191 individuals. With increasing age, individuals were less likely to participate in CRC screening. Participation rates for screening were higher for women than men in younger age groups. However, men in higher age groups showed increased participation rates in gFOBT screening. When compared with German citizens, Turkish citizens use the colonoscopy less often and the gFOBT more often. In contrast to employees with social insurance, unemployed individuals accept the prevention services less frequently, whereas pensioners and voluntarily insured individuals exhibit increased participation rates. In terms of education and professional qualification, we estimated a significantly lower participation rate exclusively for the least educated individuals. The results help to better understand patterns of utilization and can contribute to the development of information programs for specific groups.
Drug-drug Interactions between COVID-19 Treatments and Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers/Anticonvulsants, and Benzodiazepines: Integrated Evidence from 3 Databases
Authors: Plasencia-García Beatriz Oda , Rico-Rangel María Isabel , Rodríguez-Menéndez Gonzalo , Rubio-García Ana , Torelló-Iserte Jaime , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto
Published: June 2021

Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with psychiatric comorbidities leads to a scenario in which the use of psychotropic drugs may be required. This requires the support of evidence-based medicine to take into account possible interactions between antidepressants, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, and coronavirus infection treatments.

Methods Three databases were consulted: (a) Lexicomp Drug Interactions, (b) Micromedex Solutions Drugs Interactions, (c)Liverpool Drug Interaction Group for COVID-19 therapies. The CredibleMeds QTDrugs List was also queried. Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, baricitinib, anakinra, and dexamethasone – drugs used for SARS-CoV-2 – were analyzed, and consensus recommendations are made.

Results The potential interactions of agomelatine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, and vortioxetine with COVID-19 treatments shall be considered less risky. Antidepressant interactions with hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and azithromycin enhance the risk of QT prolongation, and ECG monitoring is advised for most antidepressants. Antidepressants with lopinavir/ritonavir involve multiple CYP enzyme interactions (except with milnacipran). Gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, topiramate, and zonisamide are safe treatment options that have no significant interactions with COVID-19 treatments. Lithium is contraindicated with hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and azithromycin. Precaution should be taken in using valproic acid with lopinavir-ritonavir. The use of benzodiazepines does not present a risk of drug interaction with COVID-19 treatments, except lopinavir/ritonavir.

Conclusions Clinicians prescribing antidepressants, mood stabilizers/anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines, should be aware of the probable risk of drug-drug interaction with COVID-19 medications and may benefit from heeding these recommendations for use to ensure patient safety.
Der Charcot-Fuß
Authors: Jörg Walther Eric , Rietzsch Hannes , Panzner Ines
Published: June 2021

Der Charcot-Fuß ist in Deutschland hauptsächlich mit dem Diabetes mellitus und seiner häufigsten Folgeerkrankung, der Polyneuropathie assoziiert. Diese diabetische neuropathische Osteoarthropathie (DNOAP) weist immer eine Hyposensibilität auf und kann mono- sowie bilateral mit Rötung, Schwellung, Hyperthermie einhergehen. Oft können ein unbemerktes Trauma, eine Operation oder eine Weichteilläsion Auslöser sein. Die Behandlung richtet sich nach der Ausdehnung des Befundes und dem klinischen Stadium – im komplizierten Stadium mit Wunde steht dabei die lokale sowie systemische Ausbreitung der Infektion im Fokus, aber auch eine Entlastung, die Behandlung der Grunderkrankung, die Prüfung des Gefäßstatus und chirurgische Behandlungsmaßnahmen sind essenziell. Die Indikation zu korrigierenden chirurgischen Interventionen wird stringent und zuückhaltend gesehen. Eine optimale orthopädische Schuh- oder TCC (Total Contact Cast)-Versorgung mit entsprechender Anbindung beim Diabetologen und Chirurgen ist neben der optimalen Behandlung der Grunderkrankung entscheidend für die Vermeidung von Komplikationen, die mit einer wesentlich höheren Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert sind. Kernziel der Behandlung ist die Prävention von Rezidiven. Die DNOAP muss vor diesem Hintergrund als interdisziplinäres Krankheitsbild verstanden werden
Gicht als Komorbidität bei Diabetes
Authors: Tausche Anne-Kathrin , Rehwaldt Viktor , Guggenbichler Florian , Christoph Antje , Schatz Ulrike , Rietzsch Hannes , Panzner Ines
Published: June 2021

Bei Patienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 finden sich in der Regel weitere metabolische Erkrankungen, so sind neben der Adipositas eine Hyperurikämie und Gicht häufig assoziiert. Vor allem beim Bestehen von Langzeitfolgen, wie der diabetischen Nephropathie ist das Auftreten einer Hyperurikämie zu beobachten. Besteht zudem eine periphere Neuropathie kann es sein, dass der für die Diagnose einer Gicht so entscheidende heftige Gichtanfallsschmerz vom Patienten gar nicht mehr als Signal wahrgenommen wird. So kann sich stumm eine tophöse Gicht mit destruierenden Gelenkveränderungen entwickeln. Systematische Untersuchungen darüber, wie häufig bei einem diabetischen Fußsyndrom auch eine tophöse Gicht eine Rolle spielt und wie sich dies auf Komplikationen wie z. B. Amputationen auswirken, existieren nicht. Die folgende Arbeit stellt anhand von Patientenbeispielen mögliche Szenarien vor, und diskutiert unter Berücksichtigung der vorhandenen Evidenz praktische Überlegungen zur Diagnostik sowie Therapie von Patienten mit Diabetes und der komplizierenden Komorbidität Gicht.
Psychedelics: A New Treatment Paradigm in Psychiatry?
Authors: Gründer Gerhard
Published: June 2021

The renaissance of psychedelics has accelerated further over the past year. At least
that’s true if you follow the public press. The New York Times
recently titled “The Psychedelic Revolution Is Coming. Psychiatry May Never
Be the Same.” on its front page 1.
A Novel Pseudo-Three-Component Synthetic Strategy for the Synthesis of 1,6-Dihydroazaazulenes via Cyclization of Pyrrolyl-enones
Authors: Cortés-Garcia Carlos Jesus , Chacón-García Luis , Valentin-Escalera Josue , García-Dueñas Ana Karen , Solorio-Alvarado Cesar Rogelio , Contreras-Celedón Claudia
Published: June 2021

A synthetic novel strategy involving a pseudo-three-component reaction to obtain 1,6-dihydroazaazulenes derivates via cyclization of pyrrolyl-enones was developed. This reaction is carried out under mild conditions from simple starting materials and catalyzed with ionic liquid. Notably, three new C–C bonds are formed in the one-pot process. The target molecules are of interest in medicinal chemistry as they contain a privileged scaffold and are considered indole homologues.
Deciding on Treatment Duration for Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: What is Important to Patients?
Authors: van de Brug Anouk , de Winter Maria A. , ten Wolde Marije , Kaasjager Karin , Nijkeuter Mathilde
Published: June 2021

Background After 3 months of anticoagulation for unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), a decision must be made to stop or continue indefinitely by weighing risks of recurrence and bleeding through shared decision-making (SDM). Despite the importance of patient involvement, patients' perspectives on treatment duration are understudied.

Aim To describe the knowledge of VTE and anticoagulation, need for education, perception of risks and benefits of extended treatment, and factors influencing patient's preference to stop or continue treatment after unprovoked VTE.

Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted between May 2019 and August 2020 with adults with unprovoked VTE in one university hospital and one general hospital. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Results Eighteen patients were interviewed (median age 64, range: 32–83 years). Three major themes were identified: diagnosis and initial treatment, SDM, and perception of treatment. Education, knowledge, coping, and attitude toward health care suffused major themes. The impact of VTE on daily life varied between individuals, as did the preferred extent of SDM. Overall, patients who felt involved and informed were more satisfied with received care, more aware of risks and benefits of treatment, and more likely to be treatment adherent. Generally, patients were more concerned with risk of recurrent VTE than with risk of bleeding during anticoagulation. We identified a multitude of aspects important to patients when deciding to stop or continue anticoagulation.

Conclusion Sufficient information and an individualized extent of SDM are of crucial importance for patients when deciding on treatment duration after unprovoked VTE.
CD133, a Progenitor Cell Marker, is Reduced in Nasal Polyposis and Showed Significant Correlations with TGF-β1 and IL-8
Authors: Lino Wagner Vargas Souza , Bachi André Luis Lacerda , Neto José Arruda Mendes , Caetani Gabriel , Amaral Jônatas Bussador do , Pezato Rogério
Published: June 2021

Introduction Combination of chronic inflammation and an altered tissue remodeling process are involved in the development of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP). Studies demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells expressing the progenitor gene CD133 were involved in a significant reduction of the chronic inflammatory process in the polypoid tissue.

Objective To evaluate the levels of CD133 (Prominin-1) in nasal polypoid tissue and its correlation with interleukin-8 (IL-8) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1).

Methods A total of 74 subjects were divided in the following groups: control group (n = 35); chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps nonpresenting comorbid asthma and aspirin intolerance (CRSwNPnonAI) group (n = 27); and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps presenting comorbid asthma and aspirin intolerance (CRSwNPAI) group (n = 12). Histologic analysis and also evaluation of the concentration of CD133, IL-8, and TGF-β1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were performed in nasal tissue obtained from nasal polypectomy or from middle turbinate tissue.

Results Higher eosinophilic infiltration was found in both CRSwNP groups by histologic analysis. Lower levels of TGF-β1 and IL-8 were observed in both CRSwNP groups when compared with the control group, whereas the CD133 levels were significantly reduced only in the CRSwNPnonAI group compared with the control group.

Conclusion It was demonstrated that the nasal mucosa presenting polyposis showed a significant reduction of CD133 levels, and also that this reduction was significantly correlated with the reduction of TGF-β1 levels, but not with IL-8 levels. Therefore, these findings may be involved in the altered inflammatory and remodeling processes observed in the nasal polyposis.
Synthesis of Natural Product-Like Tricyclic Higher-Carbon Sugar Nucleosides
Authors: Yuan Xiao-Han , Wang Shuai , Wang Xiao-Ning , Yu Bin , Liu Hong-Min
Published: June 2021

Because of the structural novelty and interesting biological profiles, the synthesis of higher-carbon sugars has been highly pursued. In this work, we first synthesized a series of structurally novel bis-uracil containing tricyclic higher-carbon sugar nucleosides (4a–e) using D-xylose as the starting material and the classical Vorbruggen glycosylation as the key synthetic step. The yields of the target compound were good. Unfortunately, despite the presence of pharmaceutically relevant uracil fragment, compounds 4a–e were inactive against the proliferation of several cancer cell lines (EC109, EC9706, PC-3, and MGC-803). Whether and how 4a–e functioned as anticancer agents would be further studied in our laboratory.
27.28 Product Class 28: β-Diketimines (1,3-Diimines)
Authors: Chand K. , Umesh  , Dorairaj D. P. , Hsu S. C. N.
Published: June 2021

β-Diketimines, encountered frequently as “nacnac” ligands, have emerged as popular motifs among other ancillary supports. There has been a great deal of interest in these compounds as supporting ligands because of their strong binding to metal ions, their tunable steric and electronic effects, and their diversity in terms of bonding modes. A classical synthetic approach towards β-diketimines is direct condensation of pentane-2,4-diones (and 1,3-diketone analogues) with suitable amines in the presence of an acid source. Recent developments involve the use of molecular sieves to avoid purification problems and to improve yields. Herein, a thorough survey of the synthetic approaches to β-diketimine ligands and their metal complexes, and applications in coordination chemistry, has been compiled.
Intensity distribution, evolution, and dispersion of discrete spin wave modes in nanoscale spin-torque oscillator
Authors: Qiao Shizhu , Bai Lihui , Xue Haibin , Hou Lipeng , Zhang Lijuan , Bai Xuemin , Wei Min , Yan Shishen , Tian Yufeng
Published: June 2021

Spin wave dynamics form the foundation of spin-torque oscillator (STO) modulation. In addition to the uniform spin wave mode with wave vector k = 0, multiple spin wave modes with different wave vectors and frequencies coexist in the nanoscale STO. To characterize these spin wave modes and the interactions between them, the distribution and evolution of spin wave intensity in k space need to be investigated together with spin wave dispersion of the individual mode, stressing energy degeneracy. To this end, using micromagnetic simulation, we studied the dynamics of the discrete spin wave modes in a nanoscale STO with structure enhancing spin wave propagation. Simulation using the object oriented micromagnetic framework demonstrated that although they were generated with different spin currents, spin wave modes evolved similarly in k space, according to the wave vector. Furthermore, magnetization pinning at the corners of yttrium iron garnet led to two-magnon scattering. This interaction affects spin wave dynamics in two ways: multivalued dispersion occurs with two-magnon scattering and the uniform mode can become weaker than the near-uniform modes (spin wave modes with wave vector close to zero) in the strong excitation region. The latter phenomenon is supported by the results of studies on the spin wave dispersion of the individual mode, which demonstrate the energy degeneracy between the uniform mode and the near-uniform modes.
An investigation of genetic connectivity shines a light on the relative roles of isolation by distance and oceanic currents in three diadromous fish species
Authors: O’Dwyer J. E. , Murphy N. , Tonkin Z. , Lyon J. , Koster W. , Dawson D. , Amtstaetter F. , Harrisson K. A.
Published: June 2021

Understanding connectivity is crucial for the effective conservation and management of biota. However, measuring connectivity directly is challenging and it is often inferred based on assumptions surrounding dispersal potential, such as environmental history and species life history traits. Genetic tools are often underutilised, yet can infer connectivity reliably. Here, we characterise and compare the genetic connectivity and genetic diversity of three diadromous Australian fish species: common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus), tupong (Pseudaphritis urvillii) and Australian grayling (Prototroctes maraena). For each species, we investigate the extent of genetic connectivity across a study region in south-eastern Australia (~700 km). We further determine the potential roles of contemporary ocean currents in shaping the patterns of genetic connectivity observed. Individuals across multiple rivers were sampled and >3000 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped for each species. We found differences in genetic connectivity for the three species: common galaxias were highly connected, and Australian grayling and tupong exhibited patterns of isolation by distance. The degree of genetic connectivity for tupong and Australian grayling appeared unrelated to oceanic currents. This study indicates that the degree of connectivity for different diadromous species can vary greatly despite broadly similar life history strategies, highlighting the potential value of genetic tools for informing species-specific management plans.
How quantifying the shape of stories predicts their success
Authors: Toubia Olivier , Berger Jonah , Eliashberg Jehoshua
Published: June 2021

Significance

Why are some narratives (e.g., movies) or other texts (e.g., academic papers) more successful than others? Narratives are often described as moving quickly, covering lots of ground, or going in circles, but little work has quantified such movements or tested whether they might explain success. We use natural language processing and machine learning to analyze the content of almost 50,000 texts, constructing a simple set of measures (i.e., speed, volume, and circuitousness) that quantify the semantic progression of discourse. While movies and TV shows that move faster are liked more, TV shows that cover more ground are liked less. Academic papers that move faster are cited less, and papers that cover more ground or are more circuitous are cited more.
Sunsetting as an adaptive strategy
Authors: Romano Roberta , Levin Simon A.
Published: June 2021

Major financial legislation is invariably enacted in the wake of a financial crisis. However, legislating following a crisis is hazardous because information is scarce regarding causes of the crisis, let alone what would be an appropriate response. Compounding the lack of information, crisis-driven legislation is sticky, but financial markets are dynamically innovative, which can undermine the efficacy of regulation. As a result, it is foreseeable that such legislation will contain at least some provisions that are inapt or inadequate or, more often, have consequences that are not well understood or even knowable. This article advocates the use of sunsetting as a mechanism for mitigating the potentially adverse consequences of crisis-driven financial legislation. With sunsetting, after a fixed time span, legislation and its implementing regulation must be reenacted to remain in force. This approach has parallels in evolutionary biology, in which a central issue is the ability to adapt to changing environments. Sunsetting does not mean simply discarding (or reenacting) existing regulations, but revisiting them and improving them, much as mutation and recombination do in the evolutionary process.
How market ecology explains market malfunction
Authors: Scholl Maarten P. , Calinescu Anisoara , Farmer J. Doyne
Published: June 2021

Significance

We develop the mathematical analogy between financial trading strategies and biological species and show how to apply standard concepts from ecology to financial markets. We analyze the interactions of stereotypical trading strategies in ecological terms, showing that they can be competitive, predator–prey, or mutualistic, depending on the wealth invested in each strategy. The deterministic dynamics suggest that the system should evolve toward an efficient state where all strategies make the same average returns. However, this happens slowly and the evolution is so noisy that there are large fluctuations away from the efficient state, causing bursts of volatility and extended periods where prices deviate from fundamental values. This provides a conceptual framework that gives insight into the reasons why markets malfunction.
Imaging the construction of capillary networks in the neonatal mouse brain
Authors: Coelho-Santos Vanessa , Berthiaume Andrée-Anne , Ornelas Sharon , Stuhlmann Heidi , Shih Andy Y.
Published: June 2021

Significance

The distribution of blood throughout the brain is facilitated by highly interconnected capillary networks. However, the steps involved in the construction of these networks has remained unclear. We used in vivo two-photon imaging through noninvasive cranial windows to study the engineering of capillary networks in the cerebral cortex of mouse neonates. We find that angiogenic activity originates at ascending venules, which undergo a burst of sprouting in the second postnatal week. This sprouting activity first establishes long paths to connect venules to blood input from neighboring arterioles, and then expands capillary interconnectivity with a multitude of short-range connections. Our study provides an experimental foundation to understand how capillary networks are shaped in the living mammalian brain during postnatal development.
Making relativistic quantum mechanics simple
Authors: de Peralta Luis Grave , Poveda Luis A , Poirier Bill
Published: June 2021

The fundamentals of a quasi-relativistic wave equation, whose solutions match the Schrödinger results for slow-moving particles but are also valid when the particle moves at relativistic speeds, are discussed. This quasi-relativistic wave equation is then used for examining some interesting quantum problems where the introduction of relativistic considerations may produce remarkable consequences. We argue in favor of the academic use of this equation, for introducing students to the implications of the special theory of relativity in introductory quantum mechanics courses.
Berry phases of higher spins due to internal geometry of Majorana constellation and relation to quantum entanglement
Authors: Kam Chon-Fai , Liu Ren-Bao
Published: June 2021

Majorana stars, the antipodal directions associated with the coherent states that are orthogonal to a spin state, provide a visualization and a geometric understanding of the structures of general quantum states. For example, the Berry phase of a spin-1/2 is given by half the solid angle enclosed by the close path of its Majorana star. It is conceivable that the Berry phase of higher spins may also be related to the geometry of the Majorana constellation. We find that for a spin-1 state, besides the expected contributions from the solid angles enclosed by the close paths of the two Majorana stars, the Berry phase includes a term related to the twist of the relative position vector around the barycenter vector of the two Majorana stars, i.e., the self-rotation of the constellation. Interestingly, if the spin-1 state is taken as a symmetrized two-qubit state, the extra contribution to the Berry phase is given by the self-rotation of the Majorana constellation weighted by the quantum entanglement of the two qubits. This discovery alludes to the relevance of the Majorana stellar geometry in representing the deep structures of quantum states and of quantum entanglement.
Development of the readout system for SiPM-scintillator-based muography devices
Authors: Liu H. , Shen Z. , Liu Z. , Feng C. , Liu S.
Published: June 2021

Muography is a promising imaging method to detect the heavily-shielded materials, large buildings and geological structures. The expansion of the sensitive area and the improvement of the detection accuracy propose strict requirements on the readout system, including large channel number, high integration and low noise. In particular, for the SiPM-scintillator-based technology which strongly relies on temperature, the readout system also needs to compensate for the temperature variation. This paper describes the design and implementation of a scalable readout system for the general muography devices based on SiPM-scintillator technology. A flexible cross-layer coincidence method is embedded in the system to screen out the muon events and further improve the detection efficiency. Self-performance measurements are carried out and the results show that the readout system is capable of outstanding spatial resolution and imaging results.