bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tertiary lymphoid structure and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio coordinately predict outcome of pembrolizumab
Authors: Komura Kazumasa , Tokushige Satoshi , Ishida Mitsuaki , Hirosuna Kensuke , Yamazaki Shogo , Nishimura Kazuki , Ajiro Masahiko , Ohno Takaya , Nakamori Keita , Kinoshita Shoko , Tsujino Takuya , Maenosono Ryoichi , Yoshikawa Yuki , Takai Tomoaki , Tsutsumi Takeshi , Taniguchi Kohei , Tanaka Tomohito , Takahara Kiyoshi , Inamoto Teruo , Hirose Yoshinobu , Ono Fumihito , Shiraishi Yuichi , Yoshimi Akihide , Azuma Haruhito
Published: September 2023

Emerging evidence suggests that the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood is associated with the treatment response to checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), whereas there is limited knowledge regarding whether these factors reciprocally impact the treatment outcomes of CPIs in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Herein, we investigated treatment outcomes of platinum‐refractory mUC patients (50 cases with whole‐exome and transcriptome sequencing) treated with pembrolizumab. The pathological review identified 24% of cases of TLS in the specimens. There was no significant difference in the NLR between the TLS− and TLS+ groups (p = 0.153). In the lower NLR group, both overall survival and progression‐free survival were significantly longer in patients with TLS than in those without TLS, whereas the favorable outcomes associated with TLS were not observed in patients in the higher NLR group. We explored transcriptomic differences in UC with TLS. The TLS was comparably observed between luminal (20%) and basal (25%) tumor subtypes (p = 0.736). Exploring putative immune‐checkpoint genes revealed that ICOSLG (B7‐H2) was significantly increased in tumors with lower NLR. KRT expression levels exhibited higher basal cell markers (KRT5 and KRT17) in the higher NLR group and lower differentiated cell markers (KRT8 and KRT18) in patients with TLS. In conclusion, the improved outcomes of pembrolizumab treatment in mUC are restricted to patients with lower NLR. Our findings begin to elucidate a distinct molecular pattern for the presence of TLS according to the NLR in peripheral blood.
Efficacy of dupilumab in patients with uncontrolled, moderate‐to‐severe asthma with fungal sensitization
Authors: Corren Jonathan , Hanania Nicola A. , Busse William W. , Sher Lawrence D. , Altincatal Arman , Hardin Megan , Mannent Leda P. , Amin Nikhil , Lederer David J. , Soler Xavier , Jacob‐Nara Juby A. , Rowe Paul J. , Deniz Yamo
Published: September 2023

Background

Fungal sensitization (FS) exacerbates asthma in patients who have elevated type 2 inflammatory response. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation in multiple diseases.

Objective

This post hoc analysis, funded by the manufacturers of dupilumab, was conducted to assess dupilumab efficacy in patients from the phase 3 LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST trial (NCT02414854) and TRAVERSE open‐label extension (NCT02134028) study who had uncontrolled, moderate‐to‐severe asthma with type 2 inflammatory phenotype (defined as blood eosinophil count ≥150 cells/μL or FeNO ≥25 ppb) and with FS (defined as IgE specific to Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus or Cladosporium herbarum >0.35 IU/mL).

Methods

We evaluated annualized rate of severe exacerbations (AER), change from baseline in pre‐bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), asthma control (per 5‐item Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ‐5]) and biomarker levels (blood eosinophil count, fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO], total IgE, fungal‐specific IgEs, thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine [TARC] and eotaxin‐3).

Results

Dupilumab vs. placebo reduced AER, improved pre‐BD FEV1 and asthma control (ACQ‐5), and reduced serum IgE levels, blood eosinophil count, TARC, eotaxin‐3 and FeNO in patients both with and without FS after 52 weeks of treatment in QUEST. Reductions in asthma exacerbation rates and improvements in all other variables were sustained over the TRAVERSE open‐label extension study.

Conclusion

Dupilumab demonstrated efficacy during prolonged treatment in patients with uncontrolled, moderate‐to‐severe asthma with FS.
2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA): A clinical review of contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis—Part 1. Introduction, epidemiology, case series and case reports
Authors: de Groot Anton C. , Rustemeyer Thomas
Published: September 2023

2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) has been increasingly recognised as a contact allergen and was added to the European baseline series in 2019. In this article (2 parts), the results of an extensive literature review of the clinical aspects of contact allergy/allergic contact dermatitis to HEMA are presented. In part 1, the epidemiology of HEMA contact allergy is discussed and detailed information on published case series and case reports presented. HEMA is an important cause of contact allergy/allergic contact dermatitis in North America and Europe with recent prevalences of >3% in the USA + Canada and 1.5%–3.7% in Europe. Currently, most cases are caused by nail cosmetics, both in consumers and professional nail stylists. In our literature review, we have found 24 studies presenting case series of patients with allergic contact dermatitis attributed to HEMA and 168 case reports. However, the presence of HEMA in the products causing ACD was established in only a minority. Part 2 will discuss cross‐ and co‐sensitisation, and other skin reactions to HEMA, will assess whether HEMA is the most frequent (meth)acrylate allergen and how sensitive HEMA as a screening agent is, investigate the presence of HEMA in commercial products and provide practical information on patch testing procedures.
Liver transplantation for post‐COVID‐19 cholangiopathy: A case series
Authors: Sambommatsu Yuzuru , Mouch Charles , Kulkarni Anand V. , Bruno David A. , Eslami Mehdi , Imai Daisuke , Lee Seung Duk , Khan Aamir A. , Sharma Amit , Saeed Muhammad , Cotterell Adrian H. , Levy Marlon F. , Morales Megan K. , Montenovo Martin I. , Rao Padaki N. , Reddy Raghuram , Menon Balachandran , Kumaran Vinay
Published: September 2023

Background

Post‐COVID‐19 cholangiopathy is an emerging cholestatic liver disease observed in patients recovering from severe COVID‐19 infection. Its prognosis is poor, necessitating liver transplantation in some cases. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of liver transplantation for post‐COVID‐19 cholangiopathy.

Methods

Seven patients who underwent liver transplantation for post‐COVID‐19 cholangiopathy at three institutions between 2020 and 2022 were included in this retrospective multi‐center case series.

Results

At the time of initial COVID‐19 infection, all patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and six patients (86%) required ICU admission. Median time intervals from the initial COVID‐19 diagnosis to the diagnosis of post‐COVID‐19 cholangiopathy and liver transplantation were 4 and 12 months, respectively. Four patients underwent living donor liver transplantation, and three patients underwent deceased donor liver transplantation. The median MELD score was 22 (range, 10–38). No significant intraoperative complications were observed. The median ICU and hospital stays were 2.5 and 12.5 days, respectively. One patient died due to respiratory failure 5 months after liver transplantation. Currently, the patient and graft survival rate is 86% at a median follow‐up of 11 months.

Conclusions

Liver transplantation is a viable option for patients with post‐COVID‐19 cholangiopathy with acceptable outcome. Timely identification of this disease and appropriate management, including evaluation for liver transplantation, are essential.
Preventive exercise and physical rehabilitation promote long‐term potentiation‐like plasticity expression in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Stampanoni Bassi Mario , Gilio Luana , Buttari Fabio , Dolcetti Ettore , Bruno Antonio , Galifi Giovanni , Azzolini Federica , Borrelli Angela , Mandolesi Georgia , Gentile Antonietta , De Vito Francesca , Musella Alessandra , Simonelli Ilaria , Centonze Diego , Iezzi Ennio
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

Loss of long‐term potentiation (LTP) expression has been associated with a worse disease course in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR‐MS) and represents a pathophysiological hallmark of progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). Exercise and physical rehabilitation are the most prominent therapeutic approaches to promote synaptic plasticity. We aimed to explore whether physical exercise is able to improve the expression of LTP‐like plasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

In 46 newly diagnosed RR‐MS patients, we explored the impact of preventive exercise on LTP‐like plasticity as assessed by intermittent theta‐burst stimulation. Patients were divided into sedentary or active, based on physical activity performed during the 6 months prior to diagnosis. Furthermore, in 18 patients with PMS, we evaluated the impact of an 8‐week inpatient neurorehabilitation program on clinical scores and LTP‐like plasticity explored using paired associative stimulation (PAS). Synaptic plasticity expression was compared in patients and healthy subjects.

Results

Reduced LTP expression was found in RR‐MS patients compared with controls. Exercising RR‐MS patients showed a greater amount of LTP expression compared with sedentary patients. In PMS patients, LTP expression was reduced compared with controls and increased after 8 weeks of rehabilitation. In this group of patients, LTP magnitude at baseline predicted the improvement in hand dexterity.

Conclusions

Both preventive exercise and physical rehabilitation may enhance the expression of LTP‐like synaptic plasticity in MS, with potential beneficial effects on disability accumulation.
The Waukesha Biota: a wonderful window into early Silurian life
Authors: Gass Kenneth C. , Braddy Simon J.
Published: September 2023

The Waukesha Biota (Brandon Bridge Formation Lagerstätte) is a diverse assemblage of early Silurian (437 Ma) shallow marine fossils from Wisconsin, USA. Their exceptional preservation, in finely laminated dolomitic mudstones, was mediated by tidally‐influenced conditions and/or microbial entombment. Shelly biomineralized animals are rare, but soft‐bodied organisms are common. Arthropods dominate, including trilobites, phyllocarids, ostracodes, a thylacocephalan, a synziphosurine and various enigmatic groups. The fauna also includes evolutionary ‘holdovers’, such as palaeoscolecids and a lobopodian.
Chitooligosaccharide–gallic acid complexes suppress the denaturation of myofibrillar proteins in peeled shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during frozen storage
Authors: Huo Jiancong , Qi Xueer , Li Zhaoqi , Li Jiagen , Xu Min , Liu Zhiyu , Zhang Bin
Published: September 2023

The cryoprotective effects of chitooligosaccharide–gallic acid (COS–GA) complexes on peeled Pacific white shrimp were investigated and compared with single treatments of COS, GA and polyphosphate (PP) during 49 days of frozen storage at −5 °C. The data revealed a significant improvement in the antioxidant activity of COS through the conjugation of COS and GA. The soaking treatments of COS–GA and PP effectively maintained the water‐holding capacity and sensory properties of shrimp muscle compared with the water‐soaked shrimp (control). Furthermore, the COS–GA‐soaked shrimp samples exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the textural and chrominance deterioration of muscle tissues compared with the control samples. Chemical analyses demonstrated that the COS–GA treatment also preserved higher levels of myofibrillar protein content, total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+‐ATPase activity in the frozen shrimp samples. Histological observations indicated that the COS–GA soaking treatment effectively protected the integrity and stability of muscle tissues. Overall, COS–GA exhibited superior antioxidation and water‐retaining properties, stabilising the shrimp muscle during long‐term frozen storage.
The notion of informal learning within policies for the validation of nonformal and informal learning: A comparison between Austria and Italy
Authors: Assinger Philipp , Biasin Chiara
Published: September 2023

In 2012, European Union Member States committed to implement policies for the Validation of Nonformal and Informal Learning (VNFIL). In this article, we examine Austria and Italy and ask how VNFIL policies in these two countries relate to informal learning (IL) and how this can be interpreted from a workplace learning (WPL) perspective. The notion of IL in VNFIL is largely based on a psychological understanding of learning. We argue that a WPL perspective complements this understanding and serves to better understand learning at work. Based on assumptions concerning the influence of national education and training systems on VNFIL, a comparison is made along three categories: the preferred type of VNFIL, the notion of IL, and the references to workplaces. Despite preferences for summative types of VNFIL, Austria acknowledges a range of types, while Italy is still in the process of development and prefers the so‐called autonomous type. Findings suggest a minimalistic understanding of IL in Austria contrasting with Italy, in which IL is seen as firmly embedded within Lifelong Learning. The references to workplaces are weak in both countries. We finally address the role of employers as a delicate issue for VNFIL, when embedded in educational policies.
Use of whole genome sequencing to identify low‐frequency mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients treated with remdesivir
Authors: Nirmalarajah Kuganya , Yim Winfield , Aftanas Patryk , Li Angel X. , Shigayeva Altynay , Yip Lily , Zhong Zoe , McGeer Allison J. , Maguire Finlay , Mubareka Samira , Kozak Robert
Published: September 2023

Background

Remdesivir (RDV) has been shown to reduce hospitalization and mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Resistance mutations caused by RDV are rare and have been predominantly reported in patients who are on prolonged therapy and immunocompromised. We investigate the effects of RDV treatment on intra‐host SARS‐CoV‐2 diversity and low‐frequency mutations in moderately ill hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and compare them to patients without RDV treatment.

Methods

From March 2020 to April 2022, sequential collections of nasopharyngeal and mid‐turbinate swabs were obtained from 14 patients with and 30 patients without RDV treatment. Demographic and clinical data on all patients were reviewed. A total of 109 samples were sequenced and mutation analyses were performed.

Results

Previously reported drug resistant mutations in nsp12 were not identified during short courses of RDV therapy. In genes encoding and surrounding the replication complex (nsp6‐nsp14), low‐frequency minority variants were detected in 7/14 (50%) and 18/30 (60%) patients with and without RDV treatment, respectively. We did not detect significant differences in within‐host diversity and positive selection between the RDV‐treated and untreated groups.

Conclusions

Minimal intra‐host variability and stochastic low‐frequency variants detected in moderately ill patients suggests little selective pressure in patients receiving short courses of RDV. The barrier to RDV resistance is high in patients with moderate disease. Patients undergoing short regimens of RDV therapy should continue to be monitored.
Suicide Ideation and Creative Problem Solving
Authors: Mraz Wayne , Runco Mark A.
Published: September 2023

This investigation utilized the recent technology for the assessment of creativity to examine the association between problem solving and suicide ideation. Three kinds of problem‐finding and ‐solving tasks were administered to 81 (nonclinical) college students. One of these tasks assesses “problem generation” and was expected to be particularly informative, given that individuals considering suicide may perceive many problems but find few solutions. Results supported this expectation: Problem generation scores were significantly correlated with suicide ideation, even after stress was statistically controlled. A secondary analysis suggested that the originality and flexibility of solutions may be influenced by the particular problem an individual faces.
Positive and Negative Symptoms as Risk Factors for Later Suicidal Activity in Schizophrenics Versus Depressives
Authors: Kaplan Kalman J. , Harrow Martin
Published: September 2023

Seventy schizophrenia patients and 97 depressives were studied prospectively while in the hospital and at periodic follow‐ups. Positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and post‐hospital functioning were assessed at the 2‐year follow‐up; and suicidal activity, at the 7.5‐year follow‐up. The results support an interactive model of suicide risk. Psychotic symptoms (i.e., hallucinations, delusions) predict later suicidal activity only for the schizophrenia patients. Deficit symptoms (psychomotor retardation, concreteness) predict later suicidal activity only for the depressive group. Adequacy of overall functioning predicts later suicidal activity for both diagnostic groups and appears to mediate the effects of psychosis in the schizophrenia group.
Managing Elder Suicide: A Profile of American and Canadian Crisis Prevention Centers
Authors: Adamek Margaret E. , Kaplan Mark S.
Published: September 2023

Suicides among older adults in the United States and Canada in the last decade have accounted for an increasing share of all suicides. In both countries the use of firearms among older adults has steadily increased. Despite these trends, little is known about the extent to which crisis centers are prepared to prevent elder suicide. A survey of AAS‐listed crisis prevention centers examined the training, knowledge, and current practices relevant to elder suicide among personnel in 321 crisis prevention centers in both countries. Results revealed insufficient training, a lack of familiarity with recent suicide trends, and limited outreach to older adults.
Assessment of Knowledge Gains in Proactive Training for Postvention
Authors: Mackesy‐Amiti Mary Ellen , Fendrich Michael , Libby Sharon , Goldenberg Dorothea , Grossman Janet
Published: September 2023

This paper describes the development of a knowledge measure for the evaluation of a proactive training program for suicide postvention and analyses of its psychometric properties. The 25‐item true–false knowledge test was administered before and after each of 12 training sessions; a total of 205 school personnel participated in the training and evaluation. Participants showed significant improvement in overall test scores and on several individual items following the training. Analyses suggested that the measure has construct validity, and that it taps a single underlying dimension. Strengths and weaknesses of the measure, and measurement issues in program evaluation are discussed.
Suicides in Beijing, China, 1992–1993
Authors: Zhang Jie
Published: September 2023

Analyzing the raw data of suicides reported to the Beijing Public Security Bureau in 1992 and 1993, this study reveals for the first time to the academic public in the West the rate, gender difference, the timing, causes, and means of Chinese suicides. In comparison with suicide patterns in Western societies, mainly reported by Durkheim (1897/1951), Diekstra (1990) and the National Center for Health Statistics (1991), the findings of this study suggest more differences than similarities. The comparatively low suicide rate (4.8 per 100,000 population), the reversed gender effect (55.4% of suicides are female and 44.6% male), alleged causes, and reported means of suicides in China are explained in terms of history, culture, and social forces. However, the direct relationship of warm seasons to Chinese suicide rates is consistent with what is known about Western societies.
The Use of Simulations to Assess the Impact of an Adolescent Suicide Response Curriculum
Authors: Kalafat John , Gagliano Carla
Published: September 2023

This study employed simulations of encounters with suicidal peers to assess the impact of classroom suicide response lessons. Students were asked to anonymously write how they would respond, and how concerned they would be in regard to two vignettes of troubled peers. On the posttest, students who had participated in the classes provided significantly more “tell an adult” responses than those in the control group, whereas no differences existed between the groups on the pretest. On both the pretest and posttest, all students expressed greater concern on the unambiguous vignette (student said that he has been thinking about killing himself) than on the ambiguous vignette (student wrote an essay about final decisions); and, overall, females expressed greater concern than males. These results provide evidence for the efficacy of the classes and the utility of the simulations for assessing their impact.
Deliberate Self‐Poisoning, Unemployment, and Public Health
Authors: Kelleher Michael J. , Kelleher J. A. , Corcoran  , Daly  , Daly  , Crowley J. , Keeley
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the present investigation was to explore further the known relationship between deliberate self‐poisoning and social deprivation. Each individual who attended one of Cork city's three casualty departments following an act of deliberate self‐poisoning in 1988 was examined. The place of residence (ward) of each city resident patient was established. The social status of the city's 34 wards was estimated using a number of indices obtained from the 1981 and 1986 census reports and social service records. A comparison was made between the 1988 self‐poisoning rate for each ward and the rate found in a 1982 study of the city. Correlations between self‐poisoning rate and seven social deprivation indices were found to be significant. Multiple regression, factor, and partial correlation analyses were carried out to examine more closely the interrelationships between the social deprivation indices. With respect to explaining the variation in the self‐poisoning rate, unemployment alone performed almost as well as all of the indices together and as well as the factors derived using factor analysis. The correlation between unemployment and self‐poisoning rate remained highly significant when the other related variables were controlled for. However, at fixed levels of unemployment, these variables were found to be independent of the self‐poisoning rate. It is suggested that whereas clinical intervention may benefit the individual, deliberate self‐poisoning as an issue requires a public health approach for its resolution.
Temperamental Vulnerability and Suicide Risk After Attempted Suicide
Authors: Nordström Peter , Gustavsson Petter , Edman Gunnar , Åsberg Marie
Published: September 2023

The aim was to extend recent findings of suggested temperamental features in attempted suicide and to explore possible domains of vulnerability to suicide risk after attempted suicide. Fifty‐four psychiatric inpatients hospitalized after a suicide attempt underwent lumbar puncture for analysis of CSF 5‐HIAA concentration and also completed the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) before discharge from the hospital. Suicide attempters scored high on Somatic Anxiety, Psychic Anxiety, and Muscular Tension, and low on Socialization, findings that support recent findings in suicide attempters followed up after an emergency room visit. Five patients committed early suicide, i.e., within 3 years, and the overall long‐term suicide mortality after attempted suicide was 13%. There were significant correlations between survival time among early suicides and CSF 5‐HIAA (r = .87;p = .054), and the following KSP scale t scores: Somatic Anxiety (r = −.96;p < .05), Impulsivity (r = −.88; p < .05), and Socialization (r = .90; p < .05). KSP Socialization showed correlations with CSF 5‐HIAA (r = .89; p = .046) among the early suicides. Features of temperamental vulnerability to suicide risk after attempted suicide might involve anxiety proneness, impulsivity, low socialization, and low CSF 5‐HIAA.
Repetition of Parasuicide: A Predictive Study
Authors: Hjelmeland Heidi
Published: September 2023

Medically treated parasuicides in a Norwegian county were monitored for more than 6 years, and variables predicting repetition of the parasuicide were identified. Numerous variables were found to be associated with repetition of the parasuicide when studied retrospectively. In prospective analyses of patients with no history of parasuicide, only sexual abuse (both sexes), alcohol abuse, and report of own psychiatric problems as the main concern at the time of the parasuicide (females only) were significant predictors of repetition. The results indicated that predictors of repetition are highly dependent upon the stage of the “suicidal career” the patients are in.
The Effect of Marital Integration on African American Suicide
Authors: Stack Steven
Published: September 2023

Research on the impact of marital integration on suicide has neglected race‐specific analysis. Existing work has been marked by methodological problems and has thus found inconsistent results. The present paper is the first national study of the problem. In a logistic regression analysis of 2099 African American suicides and 1729 African American natural deaths, being divorced or widowed significantly raises the odds of death by suicide; being single does not. A parallel analysis for Whites finds greater support for a link between marital status and suicide. Marital status may be less important for African Americans in suicide prevention because extended family ties are stronger for African Americans than Whites.
On the oxygen vacancy annealing in air plasma sprayed yttria‐stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Hastak Vikram , Gildersleeve Edward Jonas , Batna Srikanth , Gandhi Ashutosh Suresh , Sampath Sanjay
Published: September 2023

Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (t’‐YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were deposited by air plasma spraying (APS) using commercial purity and high‐purity feedstock powders. The coatings were subjected to short‐term, low‐temperature annealing (500–1200°C for 30 min). Significant structural changes were observed by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. These changes were attributed to annihilation of excess oxygen vacancies created by the process. APS induces partial reduction of YSZ due to the reducing potential of the high‐temperature and hydrogen‐rich plasma environment. Laser flash thermal conductivity, impulse excitation elastic modulus, and dilatometric measurements show significant changes in the YSZ during the short‐term low‐temperature thermal exposure, concurrent to the vacancy annealing. The results were analyzed in terms of the coating chemistry and the processing environment. High‐purity coatings exhibited larger increment in thermal conductivity and elastic modulus than commercial purity coatings.
Identification of immune‐associated signatures and potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: He Xu , Fang Jiansong , Gong Mingli , Zhang Juqi , Xie Ran , Zhao Dai , Gu Yanlun , Ma Lingyue , Pang Xiaocong , Cui Yimin
Published: September 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases with diverse aetiologies. It is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular (RV) failure without specific drugs for treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation and autoimmune disorders are common features across all PAH phenotypes. This provides a novel idea to explore the characteristics of immunological disorders in PAH and identify immune‐related genes or biomarkers for specific anti‐remodelling regimens. In this study, we integrated three gene expression profiles and performed Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. CIBERSORT was utilized to estimate the abundance of tissue‐infiltrating immune cells in PAH. The PPI network and machine learning were constructed to identify immune‐related hub genes and then evaluate the relationship between hub genes and differential immune cells using ImmucellAI. Additionally, we implemented molecular docking to screen potential small‐molecule compounds based on the obtained genes. Our findings demonstrated the density and distribution of infiltrating CD4 T cells in PAH and identified four immune‐related genes (ROCK2, ATHL1, HSP90AA1 and ACTR2) as potential targets. We also listed 20 promising molecules, including TDI01953, pemetrexed acid and radotinib, for PAH treatment. These results provide a promising avenue for further research into immunological disorders in PAH and potential novel therapeutic targets.
Artificial intelligence in innovation management: A review of innovation capabilities and a taxonomy of AI applications
Authors: Gama Fábio , Magistretti Stefano
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising generation of digital technologies. Recent applications and research suggest that AI can not only influence but also accelerate innovation in organizations. However, as the field is rapidly growing, a common understanding of the underlying theoretical capabilities has become increasingly vague and fraught with ambiguity. In view of the centrality of innovation capabilities in making innovation happen, we bring together these scattered perspectives in a systematic and multidisciplinary literature review. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the role of AI in influencing innovation capabilities and provide a taxonomy of AI applications based on empirical studies. Drawing on the technological–organizational–environmental (TOE) framework, our review condenses the research findings of 62 studies. The results of our study are twofold. First, we identify a dichotomous view of innovation capabilities triggered by AI adoption: enabling and enhancing. The enabling capabilities are those that research identifies as enablers of AI adoption, underscoring the competencies and routines needed to implement AI. The enhancing capabilities denote the role that AI adoption has in transforming or creating innovation capabilities in organizations. Second, we propose a taxonomy of AI applications that reflects the practical adoption of AI in relation to three underlying reasons: replace, reinforce, and reveal. Our study makes three main contributions. First, we identify the innovation capabilities that are either required for or generated by AI adoption. Second, we propose a taxonomy of AI applications. Third, we use the TOE framework to track trends in the theoretical contributions of recent articles and propose a research agenda.
The clinical relevance of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in medical procedures: Endoscopy, interventions and surgery
Authors: Praktiknjo Michael , Shawcross Debbie , Laleman Wim
Published: September 2023

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a specific, but complex and multifactorial form of acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis and is characterized by an extraordinary dynamic natural course, rapidly evolving organ failure and high short‐term mortality. In daily clinical practice, patients with liver cirrhosis and decompensation have indications for different medical procedures such as endoscopies, interventional treatments like transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or even surgical procedures. In these situations, clinicians often need to balance the expected benefits of such procedures with the risks of causing acute decompensation or ACLF. This review summarizes the evidence of medical procedures and their role in precipitating or preventing ACLF and highlights the aspects to consider during patient selection.
Understanding the dynamics emerging from the interplay among poor mental wellbeing, energy balance‐related behaviors, and obesity prevalence in adolescents: A simulation‐based study
Authors: Aguiar Anaely , Önal Furkan , Hendricks Gaironeesa , Blanchard Laurence , Romanenko Eduard , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Nwosu Emmanuel , Herstad Sondre , Savona Natalie , Harbron Janetta , Knai Cécile , Samdal Oddrun , Rutter Harry , Lien Nanna , Jalali Mohammad S. , Kopainsky Birgit
Published: September 2023

Both obesity and poor mental wellbeing have a high prevalence in European youth. Adolescents in six countries identified mental wellbeing factors as main drivers of youth obesity through systems mapping. This study sought to (1) explore the dynamics of the interplay between poor mental wellbeing, energy balance‐related behaviors, and adolescent overweight and obesity prevalence and (2) test the effect of intervention point scenarios to reduce adolescent obesity. Drawing on the youth‐generated systems maps and a literature synthesis, we built a simulation model that represents the links from major feedback pathways for poor mental wellbeing to changes in dietary, physical activity, and sleep behaviors. The model was calibrated using survey data from Norway, expert input, and literature and shows a good fit between simulated behavior and available statistical data. The simulations indicate that adolescent mental wellbeing is harmed by socio‐cultural pressures and stressors, which trigger reinforcing feedback mechanisms related to emotional/binge eating, lack of motivation to engage in physical activity, and sleep difficulty. Targeting a combination of intervention points that support a 25% reduction of pressure on body image and psychosocial stress showed potentially favorable effects on mental wellbeing—doubling on average for boys and girls and decreasing obesity prevalence by over 4%.
Longitudinal relationship between adolescents' mental health, energy balance‐related behavior, and anthropometric changes
Authors: Nwosu Emmanuel , Makwambeni Patricia , Herstad Sondre Haugsbø , Etsebeth Hanli , Hendricks Gaironeesa , Aguiar Anaely , Alaba Olufunke , Blanchard Laurence , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Lien Nanna , Harbron Janetta
Published: September 2023

Energy balance‐related behaviors (EBRBs) are considered the immediate causes of adolescents' body weight increases, but adolescents have identified mental health as a contributor. Cross‐sectional studies have reported associations between adolescents' mental health and obesity, but causal relationships and the role of EBRBs within this can only be established using longitudinal studies. This systematic review summarizes the findings of longitudinal studies investigating this relationship, in addition to the role of EBRB in the relationship. Multiple electronic databases were searched for longitudinal studies using keywords related to the adolescent population, mental health, EBRB, and body weight. In total, 1216 references were identified and screened based on previously defined eligibility criteria. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies indicated that mental health‐related measures like depression, anxiety, and body dissatisfaction were related to an increase in body weight later. As this review is focused on behavioral mediators, six studies reported associations between mental health—anthropometry dyad and EBRBs such as eating habits, screen time, physical activity, and sleep—as well as stressors like peer victimization. Future studies may focus on streamlining mental health measures and body weight outcomes to assess this relationship. Furthermore, more longitudinal investigations are needed to provide insight into the role of EBRBs in the mental health–body weight relationship during adolescence.
Comparing the Effect of Spinal and General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery in Older Patients: A Meta‐analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Lin Hua , Zhu Ying , Ren Cheng , Ma Teng , Li Ming , Li Zhong , Xu Yibo , Wang Qian , Hu Jing , Zhang Kun
Published: September 2023

Objective

Hip fractures are the most common fractures among older adults, with most patients undergoing surgery. The debate regarding the type of anesthetic technique for hip fracture surgery is still ongoing. This meta‐analysis aimed to compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of spinal and general anesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Methods

Eligible studies that compared the effects of spinal and general anesthesia were systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until May 27, 2022. The intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of the two anesthesia techniques were compared. Quality assessment, heterogeneity analysis, and publication bias of the studies were also assessed.

Results

Nine articles of methodological quality were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled results revealed that there were significant differences in hypotension (risk ratio [RR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.81 (0.68, 0.97), p = 0.02) and ephedrine dose (weighted mean difference [WMD] [95%CI] = −20.94 [−37.50, −4.37] mg, p = 0.01) between the spinal and general anesthesia groups. However, no significant differences were observed in the use of ephedrine (RR [95% CI] = 0.77 [0.19, 3.05]), blood loss (WMD [95%CI] = −34.38 [−89.56, 20.80) mL], myocardial infarction (RR [95% CI] = 0.78 [0.31, 1.94] mL), heart failure (RR [95% CI] = 0.87 [0.17, 4.36] mL), stroke (RR [95%CI) = 0.65 [0.22, 1.95] mL), postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR [95% CI] = 0.88 [0.17, 4.35] mL), delirium (RR [95% CI] = 1.08 [0.89, 1.31] mL), and mortality (RR [95% CI] = 1.10 [0.72, 1.68] mL) (all p < 0.05). No publication bias was observed in any of the included studies.

Conclusion

Compared to general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia was associated with a lower risk of intraoperative hypotension and lower doses of ephedrine in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
High‐resolution optical remote sensing image change detection based on dense connection and attention feature fusion network
Authors: Peng Daifeng , Zhai Chenchen , Zhang Yongjun , Guan Haiyan
Published: September 2023

The detection of ground object changes from bi‐temporal images is of great significance for urban planning, land‐use/land‐cover monitoring and natural disaster assessment. To solve the limitation of incomplete change detection (CD) entities and inaccurate edges caused by the loss of detailed information, this paper proposes a network based on dense connections and attention feature fusion, namely Siamese NestedUNet with Attention Feature Fusion (SNAFF). First, multi‐level bi‐temporal features are extracted through a Siamese network. The dense connections between the sub‐nodes of the decoder are used to compensate for the missing location information as well as weakening the semantic differences between features. Then, the attention mechanism is introduced to combine global and local information to achieve feature fusion. Finally, a deep supervision strategy is used to suppress the problem of gradient vanishing and slow convergence speed. During the testing phase, the test time augmentation (TTA) strategy is adopted to further improve the CD performance. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two datasets with different change types are used. The experimental results indicate that, compared with the comparison methods, the proposed SNAFF achieves the best quantitative results on both datasets, in which F1, IoU and OA in the LEVIR‐CD dataset are 91.47%, 84.28% and 99.13%, respectively, and the values in the CDD dataset are 96.91%, 94.01% and 99.27%, respectively. In addition, the qualitative results show that SNAFF can effectively retain the global and edge information of the detected entity, thus achieving the best visual performance.
The influence of trauma on internal integration: An approach‐avoidance analysis in disaster relief operations
Authors: Brooks Llord , Shaheen Iana , Dobrzykowski David
Published: September 2023

Disaster relief workers face unique factors in their operating environments that can inhibit internal integration. For example, disaster relief often involves exposure to traumatic events affecting relief workers’ commitment to cooperation and the organization. As such, disaster relief organizations dedicate substantial amounts of scarce resources to support workers exposed to trauma. Unfortunately, contradictory views exist in the literature on how trauma exposure affects commitment and integrative behaviors and how supervisor support influences these relationships. Based on the approach‐avoidance coping theory, we test whether trauma exposure has positive or negative effects. We test our hypotheses on data from 300 disaster relief workers collected using a 2 × 3 factorial scenario‐based experiment. We find that trauma exposure evokes avoidance coping behaviors, which decrease individuals’ cooperative disposition, and approach coping behaviors, which motivate organizational commitment. Next, we show that both forms of commitment have a nonlinear convex relationship with internal integration and mediate the relationship between trauma exposure and internal integration. Finally, we find that supervisor support amplifies these relationships. When exposed to trauma, supervisor approach and avoidance orientations provide higher internal integration levels than subjects exposed to no supervisor support. These findings extend the literature on disaster relief management, integration, and support, guiding decision‐making regarding support investments in disaster relief organizations.
Efficacy of biomaterials for lateral bone augmentation performed with guided bone regeneration. A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Calciolari Elena , Corbella Stefano , Gkranias Nikolaos , Viganó Marco , Sculean Anton , Donos Nikolaos
Published: September 2023

Bone regeneration is often required concomitant with implant placement to treat a bone fenestration, a dehiscence, and for contouring. This systematic review assessed the impact of different biomaterials employed for guided bone regeneration (GBR) simultaneous to implant placement on the stability of radiographic peri‐implant bone levels at ≥12 months of follow‐up (focused question 1), as well as on bone defect dimension (width/height) changes at re‐assessment after ≥4 months (focused question 2). Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that compared different biomaterials for GBR were considered. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA) was performed using a random‐effects model. A ranking probability between treatments was obtained, as well as an estimation of the surface under the cumulative ranking value (SUCRA). Overall, whenever the biological principle of GBR was followed, regeneration occurred in a predictable way, irrespective of the type of biomaterial used. A lower efficacy of GBR treatments was suggested for initially large defects, despite the trend did not reach statistical significance. Regardless of the biomaterial employed, a certain resorption of the augmented bone was observed overtime. While GBR was shown to be a safe and predictable treatment, several complications (including exposure, infection, and soft tissue dehiscence) were reported, which tend to be higher when using cross‐linked collagen membranes.
Does education in special care dentistry increase people's confidence to manage the care of a more diverse population?
Authors: O'Rourke Sadhbh , Dougall Alison , O'Sullivan Michael
Published: September 2023

Education in Special Care Dentistry (SCD) at undergraduate and postgraduate levels is often limited when compared with other dental specialities, even though dental professionals encounter people with Special Healthcare Needs (SHCNs) on a very regular basis. This literature review examined whether education at undergraduate and postgraduate level increases dental students’ and professionals’ confidence in managing a patient with SHCN. It also appraised whether there was a correlation between increased practitioner confidence and increased quality of care for people with SHCN. This review also examined educational efforts worldwide, and whether there is an increased emphasis on providing education in SCD to dental students. It was found that those who received high‐quality practical and theoretical education on how to properly manage patients with SHCN reported having higher levels of confidence than those who did not. People also reported being far more likely to employ the proper behavior management techniques and were more likely to treat people with SHCN regularly. There has been an increased emphasis on providing education in SCD worldwide in recent years, but a number of barriers still exist to providing complete education in the area.
Metabolome profiling and transcriptome analysis filling the early crucial missing steps of piperine biosynthesis in Piper nigrum L.
Authors: Lv Yuanyuan , Zhu Jinjin , Huang Sihui , Xing Xiaoli , Zhou Shen , Yao Hui , Yang Zhuang , Liu Ling , Huang Sishu , Miao Yuanyuan , Liu Xianqing , Fernie Alisdair R. , Ding Yuanhao , Luo Jie
Published: September 2023

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), the world renown as the King of Spices, is not only a flavorsome spice but also a traditional herb. Piperine, a species‐specific piper amide, is responsible for the major bioactivity and pungent flavor of black pepper. However, several key steps for the biosynthesis of piperoyl‐CoA (acyl‐donor) and piperidine (acyl‐acceptor), two direct precursors for piperine, remain unknown. In this study, we used guilt‐by‐association analysis of the combined metabolome and transcriptome, to identify two feruloyldiketide‐CoA synthases responsible for the production of the C5 side chain scaffold feruloyldiketide‐CoA intermediate, which is considered the first and important step to branch metabolic fluxes from phenylpropanoid pathway to piperine biosynthesis. In addition, we also identified the first two key enzymes for piperidine biosynthesis derived from lysine in P. nigrum, namely a lysine decarboxylase and a copper amine oxidase. These enzymes catalyze the production of cadaverine and 1‐piperideine, the precursors of piperidine. In vivo and in vitro experiments verified the catalytic capability of them. In conclusion, our findings revealed enigmatic key steps of piperine biosynthetic pathway and thus provide a powerful reference for dissecting the biosynthetic logic of other piper amides.
The impact of acute and chronic stress on gastrointestinal physiology and function: a microbiota–gut–brain axis perspective
Authors: Leigh Sarah‐Jane , Uhlig Friederike , Wilmes Lars , Sanchez‐Diaz Paula , Gheorghe Cassandra E. , Goodson Michael S. , Kelley‐Loughnane Nancy , Hyland Niall P. , Cryan John F. , Clarke Gerard
Published: September 2023

The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Traumatic or chronic stress is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout the gut, although comparatively little is known about the effects of acute stress. Furthermore, these stress‐induced changes in the gut may increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders and infection, and impact critical features of the neural and behavioural consequences of the stress response by impairing gut–brain axis communication. Understanding the mechanisms behind changes in enteric nervous system circuitry, visceral sensitivity, gut barrier function, permeability, and the gut microbiota following stress is an important research objective with pathophysiological implications in both neurogastroenterology and psychiatry. Moreover, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key aspect of physiology sensitive to the effects of stress. In this review, we focus on different aspects of the gastrointestinal tract including gut barrier function as well as the immune, humoral and neuronal elements involved in gut–brain communication. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence for a role of stress in gastrointestinal disorders. Existing gaps in the current literature are highlighted, and possible avenues for future research with an integrated physiological perspective have been suggested. A more complete understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the integrated host and microbial response to different kinds of stressors in the gastrointestinal tract will enable full exploitation of the diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the fast‐evolving field of host–microbiome interactions.

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