bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating the effect of subsurface drainage on the thermal regime and ground ice in blocky terrain, Norway
Authors: Renette Cas , Aalstad Kristoffer , Aga Juditha , Zweigel Robin Benjamin , Etzelmüller Bernd , Lilleøren Karianne Staalesen , Isaksen Ketil , Westermann Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Ground temperatures in coarse, blocky deposits such as mountain blockfields and rock glaciers have long been observed to be lower in comparison with other (sub)surface material. One of the reasons for this negative temperature anomaly is the lower soil moisture content in blocky terrain, which decreases the duration of the zero curtain in autumn. Here we used the CryoGrid community model to simulate the effect of drainage in blocky terrain permafrost at two sites in Norway. The model setup features a surface energy balance, heat conduction and advection, as well as a bucket water scheme with adjustable lateral drainage. We used three idealized subsurface stratigraphies, denoted blocks only, blocks with sediment and sediment only and are either drained or undrained of water, resulting in six ‘scenarios’. The main difference between the three stratigraphies is their ability to retain water against drainage: while the blocks only stratigraphy can only hold small amounts of water, much more water is retained within the sediment phase of the two other stratigraphies, which critically modifies the freeze-thaw behaviour. The simulation results show markedly lower ground temperatures in the blocks only, drained scenario compared to other scenarios, with negative thermal anomaly of up to 1.8–2.2 °C. For this scenario, the model can in particular simulate the time evolution of ground ice, with build-up during and after snow melt and spring and gradual lowering of the ice table in the course of the summer season. We simulate stable permafrost conditions at the location of a rock glacier in northern Norway with a mean annual ground surface temperature of 2.0–2.5 °C in the blocks only, drained simulations. Finally, transient simulations at the rock glacier site showed a complete or partial lowering of the ground ice table since 1951 for all simulations except the blocks only, drained run. The interplay between the subsurface water/ice balance and ground freezing/thawing driven by heat conduction can at least partly explain the occurrence of permafrost in coarse blocky terrain below the assumed elevational limit of permafrost. It is thus important to consider this effect in future efforts on permafrost distribution mapping in mountainous areas. Furthermore, an accurate prediction of the evolution of the ground ice table in a future climate can have implications for slope stability, as well as water resources in arid environments.
A multi-pollutant and multi-sectorial approach to screening the consistency of emission inventories
Authors: Thunis Philippe , Clappier Alain , Pisoni Enrico , Bessagnet Bertrand , Kuenen Jeroen , Guevara Marc , Lopez-Aparicio Susana
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Some studies show that significant uncertainties affect
emission inventories, which may impeach conclusions based on air-quality
model results. These uncertainties result from the need to compile a wide
variety of information to estimate an emission inventory. In this work, we
propose and discuss a screening method to compare two emission inventories,
with the overall goal of improving the quality of emission inventories by
feeding back the results of the screening to inventory compilers who can
check the inconsistencies found and, where applicable, resolve errors. The
method targets three different aspects: (1) the total emissions assigned to a
series of large geographical areas, countries in our application; (2) the way
these country total emissions are shared in terms of sector of activity; and
(3) the way inventories spatially distribute emissions from countries to
smaller areas, cities in our application. The first step of the screening
approach consists of sorting the data and keeping only emission contributions
that are relevant enough. In a second step, the method identifies, among
those significant differences, the most important ones that provide evidence of
methodological divergence and/or errors that can be found and resolved in at
least one of the inventories. The approach has been used to compare two
versions of the CAMS-REG European-scale inventory over 150 cities in Europe
for selected activity sectors. Among the 4500 screened pollutant sectors,
about 450 were kept as relevant, among which 46 showed inconsistencies. The
analysis indicated that these inconsistencies arose almost equally
from large-scale reporting and spatial distribution differences. They mostly
affect SO2 and PM coarse emissions from the industrial and residential
sectors. The screening approach is general and can be used for other types
of applications related to emission inventories.
Technical note: Conservative storage of water vapour – practical in situ sampling of stable isotopes in tree stems
Authors: Magh Ruth-Kristina , Gralher Benjamin , Herbstritt Barbara , Kübert Angelika , Lim Hyungwoo , Lundmark Tomas , Marshall John
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Using water-stable isotopes to track plant water uptake or soil water processes has become an invaluable tool in ecohydrology and physiological ecology. Recent studies have shown that laser absorption spectroscopy can measure equilibrated water vapour well enough to support inference of liquid-stable isotope composition of plant or soil water, on-site and in real-time. However, current in situ systems require the presence of an instrument in the field. Here we tested, first in the lab and then in the field, a method for equilibrating, collecting, storing, and finally
analysing water vapour for its isotopic composition that does not require an instrument in the field. We developed a vapour storage vial system (VSVS) that relies on in situ sampling into crimp neck vials with a double-coated cap using a pump and a flow metre powered through a small battery and measuring the samples in a laboratory. All components are inexpensive and commercially available. We tested the system's ability to store the isotopic composition of its contents by sampling a range of water vapour of known isotopic compositions (from −95 ‰ to +1700 ‰ for δ2H) and measuring the isotopic composition after different storage periods. Samples for the field trial were taken in a boreal forest in northern Sweden. The isotopic composition was maintained to within 0.6 ‰ to 4.4 ‰ for δ2H and 0.6 ‰ to 0.8 ‰ for δ18O for natural-abundance samples. Although 2H-enriched samples showed greater uncertainty, they were sufficient to quantify label amounts. We detected a small change in the isotopic composition of the sample after a long storage period, but it was correctable by linear regression models. We observed the same trend for the samples obtained in the field trial for δ18O but observed higher variation in δ2H than in the lab trial. Our method combines the best of two worlds, sampling many trees in situ while measuring at high precision in the laboratory. This provides the ecohydrology community with a tool that is not only cost efficient but also easy to use.
Filling and drainage of a subglacial lake beneath the Flade Isblink ice cap, northeast Greenland
Authors: Liang Qi , Xiao Wanxin , Howat Ian , Cheng Xiao , Hui Fengming , Chen Zhuoqi , Jiang Mi , Zheng Lei
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The generation, transport, storage and drainage of
meltwater play important roles in the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) subglacial
system. Active subglacial lakes, common features in Antarctica, have
recently been detected beneath the GrIS and may impact ice sheet hydrology.
Despite their potential importance, few repeat subglacial lake filling and
drainage events have been identified in Greenland. Here we examine the
surface elevation change of a collapse basin at the Flade Isblink ice cap,
northeast Greenland, which formed due to sudden subglacial lake drainage in
2011. We estimate the subglacial lake volume evolution using multi-temporal
ArcticDEM data and ICESat-2 altimetry data acquired between 2012 and 2021.
Our long-term observations show that the subglacial lake was continuously
filled by surface meltwater, with the basin surface rising by up to 55 m during
2012–2021, and we estimate 138.2 × 106 m3 of meltwater was
transported into the subglacial lake between 2012 and 2017. A second rapid
drainage event occurred in late August 2019, which induced an abrupt ice
dynamic response. We find that the 2019 drainage released much less water
than the 2011 event and conclude that multiple factors, such as the volume
of water stored in the subglacial lake and bedrock relief, regulate the
episodic filling and drainage of the lake. By comparing the surface
meltwater production and the subglacial lake volume change, we find that
only ∼ 64 % of the surface meltwater descended to the bed,
suggesting potential processes such as meltwater refreezing and firn aquifer
storage, which need to be further quantified.
NEOLOGISMOS EM TUÍTES DE GRANDES EMPRESAS: UMA ANÁLISE LEXICULTURAL
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Andressa , Vanessa Regina Duarte Xavier
Published: July 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar criações neológicas encontradas no contexto da rede social Twitter, como forma de compreender por meio de quais recursos ou processos neológicos a língua portuguesa tem se renovado no mundo virtual, dadas as interações ocorridas na referida rede social. Para tal, elencamos como objeto de estudo tuítes de grandes empresas, sendo elas Aiqfome, Ifood, Netflix Brasil, Prime Vídeo e Magazine Luíza. Como referencial teórico, sustentaremos nosso estudo em autores como Alves (1996, 2006), Barbosa (1978) e Carvalho (2006), para tratar sobre o uso e os tipos de neologismos, além de Santos (2012), Silva e Oliveira (2018), sobre o contexto das redes sociais e as formas de comunicação virtual. A metodologia concerne à seleção dos tuítes, à verificação neológica do corpus em dicionários online, sendo eles o Dicionário Caldas Aulete (eletrônico), o Dicio (Dicionário Online da Língua Portuguesa) e o Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa (2001), e por último, à análise léxico-cultural dos tuítes selecionados para esta investigação.
AS LÍNGUAS E SEUS LUGARES NAS FRONTEIRAS: DESAFIOS DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM CONTEXTOS MULTILÍNGUES
Authors: Berger Isis Ribeiro
Published: July 2022

A intensa circulação e mobilidade populacional que se verifica em regiões de fronteiras nacionais resultam na configuração de espaços de grande diversidade linguístico-cultural. Esses se constituem como ambientes plurilíngues em que os sujeitos desenvolvem e lançam mão de repertórios plurais, em razão das vivências, oportunidades e situações de interação em diferentes línguas, nos mais variados domínios. Diante dessa realidade, a ideologia da consolidação de territórios nacionais monolíngues coincidentes com territórios político-administrativos dos Estados e de todo o conjunto de conhecimentos que deriva dessa orientação se vê desafiada pelo inevitável fluxo de pessoas e suas línguas pelas fronteiras. Nesses contextos, os lugares oficiais das línguas, bem como seus estatutos nas políticas linguístico-educacionais colidem com os diferentes lugares que as línguas ocupam nas práticas linguísticas cotidianas. Este texto, que se inscreve no escopo da Política Linguística, visa discutir a relação entre os lugares estabelecidos para as línguas oficialmente e institucionalmente no âmbito da educação, no contraponto com os lugares que as línguas ocupam nas práticas cotidianas. Trata-se de tecer reflexões sobre os desafios da formação inicial e da docência em contextos em que línguas e fronteiras se (des)encontram.
OS EFEITOS DE SENTIDO DO "LAR" NO CONTEXTO DE ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL E AS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO NUMA PROPAGANDA DE CERVEJA
Authors: Silva Maria Alice Costa da , Narzetti Claudiana
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo analisa, com base no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso francesa, a partir de Michel Pêcheux, duas propagandas da campanha publicitária da cerveja Petra Origem (2020). A campanha, intitulada “Lar Doce Bar”, desenvolve-se em um momento atípico para a venda de produtos de consumo não essencial (a pandemia de COVID-19) e chama a atenção por diferenciar-se de características comuns do segmento de propaganda de cerveja, como a associação do produto à imagem da mulher. A análise centrou-se na terceira parte da campanha, que apresenta o gênero discursivo propaganda propriamente dito, sintetizando o intuito desta – o bar em casa – e as relações de gênero. O artigo se propôs a analisar as condições de produção relacionadas ao aparecimento da campanha publicitária, que têm forte implicação no(s) discurso(s) mobilizado(s) nela, os efeitos de sentido de lar no contexto de uma pandemia tal como representada no discurso das propagandas e, por fim, o(s) discurso(s) sustentados nelas sobre identidades e relações de gênero em relação com o interdiscurso. Os resultados mostraram diversos aspectos sobre um possível novo modelo de propaganda de cerveja.
UM RECORTE POÉTICO E FILOSÓFICO EM ALMA VÊNUS, DE MARCO LUCCHESI
Authors: Vieira dos Santos Jânio
Published: July 2022

O  presente artigo busca abordar o diálogo entre filosofia e literatura, sendo nosso corpus de análise a obra poética Alma Vênus (2000), do escritor brasileiro Marco Lucchesi, e sua relação com a filosofia, em especial com o neoplatonismo. Para isso, nos baseamos em textos filosóficos, teóricos e críticos, bem como em leituras de algumas das obras do escritor carioca, a fim de percebermos as relações e as apropriações entre os dois universos, principalmente tendo como base as contribuições de autores como Plotino (2000), Platão (2012), Nunes (2010, 2012), Mello (2009), Andrade (2012) e Figurelli (2007). Dessa forma, procuramos apresentar as relações de Alma Vênus com a filosofia, dando ênfase à da renascença. Buscamos, desse modo, discutir aspectos de ambas as áreas e o modo como a filosofia apresenta-se no texto literário e sua influência na poética lucchesiana. Percebemos, com isso, que a obra do poeta apresenta uma vasta singularidade que enriquece a poesia contemporânea brasileira. Seus versos são coesos, claros e objetivos e estão em constante diálogo com a filosofia por meio das ideias apresentadas nos poemas, na consciência de mundo e no trabalho com a palavra.
ATENUADORES EM INTRODUÇÕES DE ARTIGOS ACADÊMICOS DA ÁREA DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA
Authors: Ribeiro Araújo Roberto Carlos
Published: July 2022

O estudo do metadiscurso é essencial para a compreensão de como autores argumentam em seus textos. Adotamos neste artigo a teoria Hylandiana. Verificamos o uso dos atenuadores em introduções de artigos acadêmicos da área da administração pública de língua portuguesa. Foi feita uma análise descritiva e qualitativa a partir dos atenuadores em 80 introduções, sendo 40 da década de 1960 e 40 da década de 2010. Observou-se, no corpus, o uso recorrente da estratégia de indeterminação, a qual se deu por meio de recursos linguísticos como expressões epistêmicas e aproximativas, com destaque, entre outros, para o verbo poder, os advérbios principalmente e (em) geral, ademais do adjetivo possível. Esses recursos de atenuação apresentaram variação de frequência de uso e se revelaram como importante instrumento retórico para negociação e ratificação do conhecimento científico, ressaltando o papel do artigo acadêmico enquanto espaço do jogo argumentativo e a função promocional e comunicativa da seção de introdução, o que possibilitou ao autor posicionar-se de forma comedida, persuasiva e deferida, resguardando-se diante da crítica de seus pares e conquistando espaço profissional em sua comunidade.
A ESTRUTURA E OS RECURSOS DOS DICIONÁRIOS GERAIS ON-LINE DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Jesus Lílian Thais de
Published: July 2022

Neste trabalho, realizou-se uma investigação dos elementos constitutivos dos dicionários gerais de Língua Portuguesa disponíveis aos consulentes em plataforma on-line. O trabalho objetiva apresentar a tipologia e a composição dos dicionários, bem como suas estruturas de acesso, evidenciando as características micro e macroestruturais dos dicionários analisados. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foram estudados oito dicionários gerais on-line de Língua Portuguesa à luz dos apontamentos críticos dos autores Rey (1977), Welker (2004), Svensén (2009), Selistre (2010) e Polguère (2018). Os resultados obtidos apontam que, no que diz respeito à macroestrutura desses dicionários, a estrutura de acesso preferida é a busca direta e as unidades linguísticas unanimemente arroladas pelos dicionários são: lexias simples, lexias compostas, formas contraídas e abreviaturas. Quanto à microestrutura, os únicos elementos que fazem parte de um verbete em todos os dicionários analisados são: classe de palavra, informações gramaticais, definições/acepções; quanto ao tipo de microestrutura e a forma como informações fraseológicas são inseridas no verbete, não houve consenso e os dicionários variaram em microestrutura integrada, não-integrada e parcialmente integrada. Por fim, verificou-se que elementos medioestruturais, como remissões e uso de links, facilitados por um ambiente virtual, configuram uma ferramenta proeminente nos dicionários gerais on-line de Língua Portuguesa.
Pintura de paisaje en torno a la Generación del 27
Authors: Jiménez-Alcalá Benito
Published: July 2022

La Generación del 27 cambió de manera radical el pensamiento y estética precedentes. Conocida por la producción poética, su influencia y carácter innovador involucrarían al resto de las artes. Heredera de la pintura del 98, la temática paisajística se reinventó con nuevos significados vinculados a lo popular y lo espontáneo, al primitivismo y a lo lírico, renegando de cualquier atisbo costumbrista y nacionalista. La Escuela de Vallecas personificó esa transformación con la definición de un modelo de paisaje propio, que actualizaba las tendencias creativas del momento. La exploración del desolado agro castellano con un lenguaje cercano a la abstracción sirvió para definir artísticamente una naturaleza esencialista, sentimental y subliminal. Confluiría con el surrealismo en su voluntad por trascender la realidad y conectar con emociones más profundas y oníricas. La reinvención del paisaje que tuvo lugar alrededor de la Escuela proyectaría su influencia en las décadas siguientes, incluso tras la Guerra Civil, en contraste con lo sucedido en el resto de Europa, donde su representación había quedado ya relegada. Este artículo busca indagar en los orígenes, motivaciones y transcendencia de ese nuevo paisajismo.
Peran Apoteker dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Berobat pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Kamba Vyani
Published: July 2022

Apoteker mempunyai peran besar dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien seiring dengan pergeseran orientasi pelayanan kefarmasian dari pengelolaan obat sebagai komoditi menjadi pelayanan yang komprehensif. Apoteker harus mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan perilaku agar dapat melaksanakan interaksi langsung dengan pasien dalam pemberian informasi obat maupun konseling bagi pasien yang membutuhkan, diantaranya pada pasien Diabetes Melitus. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang prevalensinya terus meningkat. Penyakit ini berdampak besar pada kualitas sumber daya manusia, sosial dan tingginya biaya kesehatan, oleh sebab itu pasien diabetes harus diperhatikan agar tidak semakin parah dan tidak mengalami komplikasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengumpulkan berbagai tulisan pada jurnal nasional maupun Internasional dengan menggunakan mesin pencari Googgle Scholar terkait kepatuhan pasien DM dalam menjalani pengobatan dan peran apoteker dalam pelayanan kefarmasian. Teks lengkap diambil kemudian dianalisa menjadi suatu tulisan yang mudah dipahami. Keterlibatan apoteker sebagai tenaga kesehatan di bidang kefarmasian dalam pengobatan pasien baik melalui pemberian konseling, pemberian informasi obat telah dilaporkan dalam beberapa publikasi dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien. Apoteker sebagai tenaga kesehatan mempunyai peran besar dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien DM dengan terlibat aktif memberi intervensi pada terapi pasien DM yang dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien menjalani pengobatannya.
Hubungan Riwayat KEK dan Pemberian ASI Ekslusif dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-60 Bulan di Kabupaten Pasaman Tahun 2020
Authors: Astuti Sri Andar Puji , Sukmawati Sukmawati , Nadya Embun , Feriyani Frenstika
Published: July 2022

Stuntingi merupakani salahi satui masalahi yangi dapati imenghambat perkembangani manusiai secarai nasional ataupun global. Stuntingi imerupakan imanifestasi ijangka panjangi faktori konsumsi diet berkualitas rendah, penyakit infeksi berulang, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini untuk membuktikan teori tentang hubungan riwayat KEK dan pemberian asi ekslusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-60  bulan di Kabupaten Pasaman Tahun 2020. Jenisi ipenelitian inii  adalah istudi ianalitik observasional idengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai balita usia 20-60 bulan di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Langsek Kadok Pasangan sejumlah 168 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan systematic random samplin dengan jumlah sampel adalah 63 orang. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah kiesioner untuk pengumpulan data riwayat pemberian ASI ekslusfif, paritas, riwayat KEK, dan infeksi pada Ibu. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif pada penelitian ini mencapai 52,38, riwayat KEK selama masa kehamilan mencapai 73,01%, dan mayoritas anak pada penelitian ini cendrung tidak mengalami stunting yaitu 61,90%. Anak yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif cenderung tidak mengalami stunting sejumlah 24 anak dan anak yang memiliki Ibu dengan riwayat KEK pada masa kehamilan cendrung mengalami stunting sejumlah 12 orang. Hasil uji chi square didapatkan nilai p = 0,000 pada variabel pemberian ASI ekslusif maupun riwayat KEK. Adai ihubungan pemberiani iASI ieksklusif dan riwayat KEK selama kehamilan  dengani ikejadian istunting ipada ibalita usia 24-60  bulani dii Kabupateni Pasaman Tahun 2020.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella asiatica) dan Ketapang (Terminalia catappa) terhadap Kadar Interleukin-6 pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2
Authors: Pratiwi Nanda Yunia , Shafriani Nazula Rahma
Published: July 2022

Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2 (DM tipe-2) merupakan penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi akibat rendahnya sekresi insulin atau kerja insulin yang dihasilkan oleh sel beta pankreas, serta terjadinya gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lipid, dan protein. Hiperglikemia akan menyebabkan terjadinya inflamasi pada DM tipe-2 yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar sitokin proinflamasi seperti IL-6, sehingga diperlukan adanya alternatif pengobatan yang dapat menekan respon imun tersebut seperti pemanfaatan tanaman (Terminalia catappa) dan (Centella asiatica) yang berpotensi sebagai anti-oksidan dan anti-inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak Terminalia catappa dan Centella asiatica terhadap kadar IL-6 pada DM tipe-2. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Literature review dengan melakukan pencarian artikel pada database Google Scholar, dan science direct dengan metode PICO yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2011-2021. Hasil penelusuran literatur diperoleh 10 artikel yang sesuai. Artikel-artikel tersebut terdiri dari 5 artikel dengan pemberian ekstrak Terminalia catappa dan 5 artikel dengan pemberian ekstrak Centella asiatica pada DM tipe-2. Pada kelompok DM tipe-2 dengan perlakuan pemberian ekstrak Terminalia catappa atau pemberian ekstrak Centella asiatica, ditemukan kadar IL-6 dan kadar glukosa darah lebih rendah daripada kelompok tanpa perlakuan pemberian ekstrak. Variasi penambahan dosis ekstrak Terminalia catappa atau Centella asiatica berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa dan IL-6 pada DM tipe-2. Adanya pengaruh berupa variasi penambahan dosis ekstrak Terminalia catappa dan ekstrak Centella asiatica terhadap penurunan kadar IL-6 dapat menjadi imunomodulator dalam penekanan sel imun pada DM tipe-2 agar tidak terjadi inflamasi.
Ethanol Leaf Extract of Synsepalum dulcificum Schumach. & Thonn. (Sapotaceae) Induces Distortions in Renal, Hepatic and Reproductive Indices in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Busari Abdulwasiu Adeniyi , Ikumawoyi Victor Olabowale , Yusuff Olawale Sultan , Adeosun Adebusayo Raimat , Sowemimo Abimbola Adepeju , Awodele Olufunsho
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae) is used in traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes, cough and cancer. This study was designed to investigate the in vivo toxicological endpoints of the ethanol leaf extract of S. dulcificum in male and female rats.

Methods: After estimating the LD50 in mice, forty-eight rats were randomly assigned to four groups of twelve rats each in a sex ratio of 1:1 and were orally administered 10 mL/kg distilled water (control) and 118, 237, 475 mg/kg/day of the extract respectively for forty-five days. The animals were thereafter euthanized and blood samples collected for haematological, biochemical and antioxidant assays. Sperm parameters were evaluated and testis, liver, heart and ovary were harvested for histopathology. Constituents of the extract were determined by GC-MS.

Result: The LD50 (oral) was estimated to be 4750 mg/kg in mice. There was a significant decrease in haemoglobin but lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly increased compared to control. Aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were significantly increased compared to control. Creatinine increased, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and albumin decreased significantly in treated rats. There was a significant increase in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA). There were significant increases in reproductive markers of sperm count, motility and abnormality. Renovascular congestion and preserved cytoarchitecture in other organs were observed. Twenty-one compounds including n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxyl-6- methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) and phytol were identified.

Conclusion: Prolonged use of the ethanol leaf extract of S. dulcificum could result in hepatic and renal dysfunctions and may increase the risk for male infertility and cardiovascular diseases.
Музейная рефлексия на возрастание военной угрозы СССР в 1920-е гг.
Authors: Воронко Александр Николаевич
Published: July 2022

Музей как социальный институт всегда включен в систему социокультурных установок и ценностей общества. Формируясь в конкретных исторических условиях, музей как хранитель культурного наследия фокусирует свое внимание на идеях, принципах и идеалах прошлого, востребованных настоящим. Именно эта востребованность создает предпосылки для деятельности музея как инструмента пропаганды. В конкретно-исторических условиях музеи нередко играют роль трансляторов определенных государственных установок, политических взглядов, оценок и суждений. Таким периодом было время деятельности советских музеев как политико-просветительных учреждений. В период «военной тревоги» 1927 г. перед ними была поставлена задача обеспечить музейными средствами пропаганду по укреплению тыла и обороноспособности страны.
Публичные речи Н.С. Хрущева конца 1950-х – начала 1960-х гг.: опыт источниковедческого анализа
Authors: Петрова Татьяна Михайловна
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена источниковедческому анализу речей Н.С. Хрущева, произнесенных в СССР в середине 1950-х – начале 1960-х гг. На основании неопубликованных материалов о ходе подготовки публичных выступлений Хрущева из фонда 52 Российского государственного архива новейшей истории (РГАНИ), писем и дневников автором предпринимается попытка выявить исследовательские возможности использования данного источника. Автор выделяет отдельные этапы подготовки речей, определяет круг участников данного процесса и непосредственную роль в нем советского лидера. В статье показано, что несмотря на создание речей пресс-группой, Хрущев лично принимал активное участие в их подготовке путем диктовки дополнений. В итоговых вариантах все они учитывались либо без исправлений, либо с минимальными стилистическими правками. В текстах выступлений присутствовали элементы «стиля Хрущева» (анекдоты, шутки, пословицы, рассказы из жизни), вносимые членами пресс-группы с молчаливого согласия лидера. Данные особенности делают публичные речи третьего советского лидера ценным источником для изучения политического режима в СССР периода «оттепели».
Надгробия со следами окраски с кладбища при храме во имя Рождества Пресвятой Богородицы в Роще
Authors: Васильева Елена Евгеньевна
Published: July 2022

В настоящей статье представлены результаты исследования наземной части некрополя Нового времени. Работы проводились с помощью как классических методов – осмотр, обмеры, фотофиксация, расшифровка надписей, так и с применением новых методов, таких как использование ГИС-технологий для установления границ памятника и топографии кладбища. Особое внимание в статье уделено вопросу окрашивания надгробий. Несмотря на то, что в настоящий момент ученые сходятся во мнении, что изначально надгробия были полихромными, находки их довольно редки, что объясняется недолговечностью красочного слоя в условиях нахождения памятника на открытом воздухе. В связи с этим необходимо введение в научный оборот еще нескольких столь редких находок.
COVID-19 как фактор влияния на функционирование региональной подсистемы международных отношений на Ближнем Востоке в 2019–2022 гг.
Authors: Рыжов Игорь Валерьевич
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматриваются особенности функционирования региональной подсистемы международных отношений региона Ближнего Востока в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Последствия пандемии рассматриваются как комплексное воздействие на социальную, политическую и экономическую сферу стран региона, поскольку в их взаимозависимости формируется генерализованное влияние на подсистему международных отношений. В исследовании ставится цель – проанализировать, как COVID-19 повлиял на функционирование региональной подсистемы Ближнего Востока. Отдельно рассматривается тема влияния пандемии на региональные конфликты. Систематизируются факторы, определившие темп и динамику распространения коронавирусной инфекции, а также ее роль в усилении конфликтогенности в регионе. Делается вывод о кумулятивном влиянии пандемии COVID-19 на социальную и политическую сферы, которое привело к повышению политической нестабильности, гражданским волнениям и радикализации широких масс населения. Согласно результатам исследования, COVID-19 стал отягчающим фактором, способствовавшим актуализации в регионе как внутригосударственных, так и международных противоречий. Рассмотрение пандемии как единственного или главного фактора конфликтогенности в регионе не является целесообразным, однако его влияние на внутренние процессы чрезвычайно высоко.
Благодарности: исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-014-00039А «Модели и риски сотрудничества в регионе Ближнего и Среднего Востока в первой четверти XXI века».
Географическая представленность ландшафтного разнообразия в ботанических садах и дендропарках Армении
Authors: Саядян Овик Яхшибекович , Халатян Артур Арсенович
Published: July 2022

В статье проведён географический анализ ландшафтного биоразнообразия в ботанических садах, дендропарках и парках Республики Армения (РА). Ландшафтное разнообразие Армении обусловлено несколькими факторами: географическим положением, большой разницей относительных высот на короткой дистанции, сложной топографией, фактом, что территория страны находится на стыке двух резко различных флористических провинций: мезофильной лесной Понто-Гирканской и ксерофильной Иранской. Ландшафтное разнообразие Армении представлено в ботаническом саду Еревана и двух его региональных отделений: Ванадзорской и Севанской, а также в 4-х дендропарках: Степанаванский «Сочут», Бердский «Сораннер», Ванадзорский «им. Саруханян Ж.» и Иджеванский субтропический. На территории Армении кроме ботанических садов и дендропарков также основан единственный лесопарковый комплекс «Джрвеж», расположенный на северной окраине города Еревана. Несмотря на важность ботанических садов и дендропарков в сохранении и обогащении дендро-разнообразия Армении, не все высотные ландшафтные пояса, а также типичные для Армении степные, фриганоидные, субальпийские, альпийские и другие растительные сообщества представлены в ботанических садах, дендропарках и в «Джрвежском» лесопарке. С другой стороны, создание новых ботанических садов и дендропарков вполне вписывается в международные обязательства РА по Парижскому климатическому договору, который предусматривает увеличение лесного покрова Армении до 20,1 % к 2050 г.
Исследование гумусированности почв в агрохронорядах с использованием наземных средств и данных дистанционного зондирования Земли
Authors: Бек Анастасия Николаевна
Published: July 2022

Применение данных дистанционного зондирования Земли основательно приумножило возможности исследования и оценки природных ресурсов. Немногочисленный опыт совмещенного использования историко-картографического и дистанционных методов исследования для изучения гумусированности освоенных серых лесных почв, вовлеченных в распашку в разные исторические периоды, требует продолжения изучения данных подходов. В предлагаемой статье изложены результаты исследований по выявлению зависимости тона изображения от содержания и запасов органического вещества сельскохозяйственно используемых серых лесных почв на территории Белгородской области Российской Федерации, полученные на основе анализа спутниковых данных Landsat и данных наземных наблюдений гумусного состояния почв региона. На основе анализа изображения открытой поверхности пахотных серых лесных почв изучена зависимость тона изображения от содержания и запасов гумуса. Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод о том, что при автоматизированном дешифрировании почв по космическим снимкам анализ тоновых характеристик открытой поверхности пахотных почв от содержания и запасов органического вещества показывает высокую корреляционную связь. 
Благодарности. Автор выражает благодарность научному руководителю, доктору географических наук, профессору Чендеву Ю.Г. за консультативную поддержку на всех этапах проведения данного исследования.
Категория времени в исследовании геоэкологического состояния геосистем
Authors: Вампилова Людмила Борисовна
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена детальному анализу изучения временного аспекта в геолого-геоморфологических науках (на примере литогенной основы ландшафта и почв). Приведен анализ взглядов исследователей на использование категории времени в интегральных направлениях: палеогеографии и ландшафтоведении. Представлен краткий экскурс использования и востребованности категории времени в различных направлениях географической науки, что позволяет учесть опыт применения хронологического подхода в исторической геоэкологии. Актуальность исследования связана с необходимостью обоснования роли времени в исторической геоэкологии в связи с нарастающим интересом к предмету динамических состояний в геосистемах, обусловленных длительностью и интенсивностью процесса хозяйственного освоения. Сфера временного исследования масштабов антропогенного прессинга на ландшафт изучена недостаточно, это обстоятельство объясняет востребованность исторической геоэкологии как перспективного научного направления. Теория и методология исторической геоэкологии слабо разработана. Предметом исследования являются измененные природные комплексы и ландшафтно-экологические ситуации, сформировавшиеся за историческое время при определенных типах природопользования.
Gli indicatori di benessere nella programmazione economica in Italia
Authors: Tenaglia Simona
Published: July 2022

L’inserimento degli indicatori di Benessere equo e sostenibile (BES) all’interno della programmazione economica e di bilancio. Questa integrazione rappresenta un esempio di sinergia tra attività di ricerca e policy making per varie ragioni: gli indicatori selezionati sono parte del framework teorico elaborato da Cnel e Istat all’interno del progetto BES; l’Istat fornisce i dati per le analisi; lo sviluppo da parte del Ministero dell’Economia per nuove metodologie di analisi e modelli di previsione richiede un continuo confronto con l’Istat. The paper describes the Italian experience of monitoring and evaluating public policies through the integration of Equitable and Sustainable Well being indicators (BES: Benessere equo e sostenibile) into economic and budgetary planning. This integration represents an example of synergy between research activities and policy-making for several reasons: the selected indicators are part of the theoretical framework developed by Cnel and Istat within the BES project; Istat provides the data for the analysis; the development by the Ministry of Economy of new methodologies of analysis and forecasting models requires a continuous comparison with Istat.
Occurrence of Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction in Juvenile SLE
Authors: Bibi Humaira , Raza Afsheen Batool , Naz Farrah
Published: July 2022

Objective: To define the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and its type i.e. sub-clinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in juvenile SLE. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: The study was held at the rheumatology ward of the Children’s hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore from1st November 2019 to 30th April 2021. Sample Technique: Non probability consecutive sampling Material and methods: Inclusion Criteria had American college of rheumatology classification criteria for SLE filled by both female and male patients of 2-16 years. Consent was taken and all the data was written on pre designed proforma. Demographic data like age, gender and relevant history and examination was done to diagnose hypo or hyperthyroidism. Thyroid antibodies, 3 to 5 ml of venous blood for thyroid function tests of all patients were sent in laboratory and results were interpreted accordingly. Thyroid dysfunction and its types were labeled accordingly. Results: In the present study, 55.56% (n=50) were between 9-16 years of age whereas 44.44% (n=40) were between 2-8 years of age, out of 90 cases. Mean and Sd. was calculated as 9.73+3.29 years, 30% (n=27) were male while 70%(n=63) were females, frequency of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction was recorded in 28.89%(n=26), frequency of type of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction was recorded as 10%(n=9) for sub-clinical hypothyroidism, 11.11%(n=10) for Hypothyroidism and 7.78%(n=7) for hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: It is concluded that the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction is higher in our population, however, some-other studies are required to validate our findings. Keywords: Juvenile SLE, autoimmune thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Habib Osama , Ashaq Fahmina , Butt Nauman Ismat , Ashraf Hafiz Hamad , Mahmood Khalid , Anser Aniqa
Published: July 2022

Background: Previous research on the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has shown a high prevalence of both types of disorders. The aims of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression in anxiety disorders in CKD patients admitted at a tertiary care facility in Lahore, Pakistan. Materials and methods: All admitted patients at one of the medical wards at Jinnah hospital Lahore from December 2018 to December 2019 with a diagnosis of CKD were invited to participate in this study. Aga khan university anxiety and depression scale was used to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders. Results: All patients scored above the cut-off points of 19 on the AKUADS. The mean score of study participants on AKUADS was 46 (range of possible scores from 0 to 75). There was no statistically significant difference between male and female study participants on AKUADS scores. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in patients with CKD is extremely high in the Pakistani population. The possible reasons for this high prevalence could be physical morbidities, lack of appropriate treatment facilities, financial burden, loss of bread winning roles as well as reduced quality of life associated with CKD. Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Chronic kidney disease
Correlation of Serum Sodium Level with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Zeb Shah , Abbas Muhammad , Khan Kamran Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine correlation of serum sodium levels with severity of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Study Design: A Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Medicine, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan from 1st October 2020 to 30th April 2021. Methodology: A total of 170 patients of both genders with liver cirrhosis presenting with HE aged 35-65 years were included. Under aseptic conditions, blood was taken dispatched to institutional laboratory for serum sodium levels. Severity of hyponatremia was compared with study variables along with grades of HE. Post stratification chi square test was applied and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of a total of 170 patients, 140 (82.4%) we male. Overall, mean age was 55.0±3.87 years while 130 (76.5%) patients were aged between 51 to 65 years. Grading of HE revealed most of the patients, 73 (42.9%) to be having grade-III. Grading of hyponatremia revealed that 101(59.4%) patients had mild hyponatremia, 50 (29.4%) moderate hyponatremia while 19 (11.2%) had profound hyponatremia. Age distribution was found to have significant association with severity of hyponatremia (p<0.0001). Significant correlation between grades of HE and severity of hyponatremia was noted as 15 (78.9%) out of 19 profound hyponatremia cases belonged to HE grade-III whereas all 50 patients of moderate hyponatremia belong to HE grade III and IV (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Hyponatremia was observed to be a very common abnormality among patients of liver cirrhosis presenting with hepatic encephalopathy. Significant correlation of hyponatremia was found with respect to HE grades as severity of hyponatremia increased with severity of HE grades. Higher age groups had significant association with higher degree of hyponatremia. Keywords: Hepatic encephalopathy, hyponatremia, liver cirrhosis, serum sodium.
Efficacy and Tolerance of Silver Sulfadiazine in Grade II Burns
Authors: Ali Kashif , Tayyaba Farhat ul Ann , Ijaz Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of silver sulfadiazine in grade II burns. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Plastic surgery & Burn Unit, Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan during 01-09-2020 to 31-03-2021. Material and Methods: In this study the cases of both genders with age more than 12 years having grade II burn were included. Silver sulfadiazine was applied in 1% strength in the form of dressing on alternate day and was assessed for degree of healing on day 5, 10, 15 and 20 where final outcome was seen with the help of photographs and graphs and efficacy was labelled where there was more than 90% of epithelisation of the wound. The cases were also assessed subjectively regarding tolerance of the drug. Results: In this study 30 cases of grade II burn were included. The mean age of the subjects was 16.47±5.31 years and mean duration of burns was 6.79±2.73 hours. There were total 18 (60%) males and 12 (40%) females in this study. Mean percentage of burn was 23.31±7.49 percent. Efficacy of Silver sulfadiazine was noted in 19 (63.33%) of the cases. Out of 30 cases, 3 (10%) had excellent and 12 (40%) had optimal tolerance of the drug. Conclusion: SSD is efficacious and this efficacy is seen in 2/3rd cases suffering from grade II burn. Key words; SSD, Efficacy, Grade II Burn
Comparison between Intravenous Iron and Oral Iron Treatment in Term of Efficacy in cases of Postpartum Anemia
Authors: Amina Noor ul , Rehman Fatima , . Paras
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare intravenous iron and oral iron treatment in term of efficacy in cases of postpartum anemia. Material and methods: Between July 2021 to December 2021, total 90 patients of post-partum anemia having age 20-35 year either primi or multi paras were recruited for this randomized controlled trial. Place of study was Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera Medical College. Efficacy between IV iron and oral iron was compared. Results: Total 90 cases of post-partum anemia was recruited for this study. Age of the cases was between 20-35 years with mean age 27.34 ± 4.88 years, in IV iron group (A) and oral iron group (B), mean age was 27.53 ±4.94 years and 27.16 ± 4.87 years respectively. Study group A (IV iron group) and group B (oral iron group) was compared in term of efficacy by applying chi-square test. After applying chi-square test, significantly (P = 0.034) high proportion of efficacy was noted in IV iron group as compared to oral iron group (37/82.22% vs 28/62.22%). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that IV iron therapy had significantly higher efficacy rate as compared to oral iron in cases of postpartum anemia. Most of the women were between 20-25 years. Primiparas had higher proportion and most of the women belonged to rural area. Key words: Postpartum anemia, hemoglobin, neonate, morbidity
Comparative Outcome of Obesity in Ischemic Heart Disease a Clinical Study
Authors: Javaid Imran , Rashi Munir Ahmed , Khokhar Aamna , Kumar Ratan , Raza Syed Ahsan , Mustafa Bilal
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the comparative outcome of obesity in ischemic heart disease. Duration of Study: July, 2021 to Dec, 2021 Place and Duration: CCU department D.G. Khan Medical College and Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan Methods: This research included 180 participants of both sexes. Patients were between the ages of 22 and 80 years old, according to the study. As part of their informed written permission, researchers collected demographic information such as age, sex and BMI. Patients were divided in two groups, group I had 90 obese patients and group II had non obese 90 patients. Follow up among patients were taken in duration of 12 months. Both groups' outcomes were evaluated and compared in terms of increase in risk factor of IHD, myocardial infarction and mortality because of these factors. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: There were 55 (61.1%) males and 35 (38.9%) females in group I and in group II 46 (51.1%) males and 44 (48.9%) females in group II. The mean age of the patients in group I was 41.4±11.62 years and had mean BMI 32.14±21.86 kg/m2 while in group II mean age was 38.41±12.42 years with mean BMI 25.2±11.34 kg/m2. 40 (44.4%) patients in group I and 45 (50%) patients in group II was educated. In group I 25 (27.8%) patients were smokers, 19 (21.1%) patients had DM and in group II 27 (30%) were smokers and 5 (5.6%) cases had DM. We found increase in Ischemic heart disease in 65 (72.2%) cases of group I and in group II IHD was found in 11 (12.2%) cases. Frequency of Myocardial Infarction was also higher in obese patients than non-obese cases. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also higher in obese patients. HDL was lower in obese patients while cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and CRP was found higher in obese patients. Mortality in obese patients with IHD was 12 (13.3%) but no any mortality found in non-obese cases. Conclusion: In this study we found that obesity and increase in weight is a significant risk factor for ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction and because of these diseases patients had poor outcomes with increase in rate of deaths. Keywords: MI, IHD, Mortality, Obese, Smoking