bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Backstory of Advertising through Podcast Creation: A Collaborative Model for Student Engagement
Authors: Abnee Nina , Caruth Roger , Krimstein Ken , Razi Sajna
Published: October 2021

Abstract: In the current advertising industry, the skills required to be successful range from creative content ideation and implementation to celebrity/influencer management, as well as collaborative teamwork. The understanding of how an ad is created and knowing what goes on behind the scenes are critical for a student to appreciate and understand the advertising domain. This article details an inter-university collaboration between academic faculty that gave students a behind-the-scenes look at making a Super Bowl ad. Importantly, a novel approach to designing and developing podcasts to showcase student analysis was developed to foster content creation and collaborative teamwork. Multiple implementation plans and ideas which are scalable for use in academic environments are showcased.
Key Concepts in Advertising: Disciplinary Power
Authors: Bartholomew Mark
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Key Concepts in Advertising articles provide short lectures on an important concept to help understand advertising’s place in society, culture, history, and the economy. This article focuses on the concept of disciplinary power, which is taken from French critical theorist and philosopher Michael Foucault’s Discipline and Punish . A series of short videos defines disciplinary power, explains its origin in Foucault’s book, and discusses how the concept applies to the relationship between advertisers and consumers. Viewers learn how to define disciplinary power and study examples of its application to advertising. A recommended reading list provides other sources to learn more about the concept and its associated topics.
The Role of Parental Mediation and Persuasion Knowledge in Children’s Consumption of Unboxing Videos
Authors: Gangadharbatla Harsha , Khedekar Deepti
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Sponsored content online, particularly content targeting young children, has increased significantly over the last decade. One such type of sponsored content is unboxing videos on YouTube that young children often watch on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Using a sample of 421 parents with children between the ages of 4 and 10, this study investigates the role of parental mediation and the influence of persuasion knowledge on such mediation when it comes to children’s consumption of unboxing videos. Results indicate that children’s consumption of unboxing videos is associated with their purchase demands and, in the absence of strict regulations online, parental mediation through higher levels of persuasion knowledge can potentially act as a line of defense in combating the persuasive effects of unboxing videos. Implications for advertisers, policy makers, and parents are drawn.
Key Concepts in Advertising: Brand Responsibility
Authors: Morrison Deborah , Sheehan Kim
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Key Concepts in Advertising articles provide short lectures on an important concept to help understand advertising’s place in society, culture, history, and the economy. This article focuses on the concept of brand responsibility, which is the notion that brands have an obligation to do more for society than make profits for stakeholders. This video defines brand responsibility, its five dimensions (authenticity, courage, empathy, resilience, and commitment to social good), and how it helps us better understand the relationship between advertisers and consumers. Viewers learn how to define brand responsibility and study examples of its application to advertising. A recommended reading list provides other sources to learn more about the concept and its associated topics.
Preparing for a Diverse Ad Industry Future: Advantages and Challenges for First-Generation College Students
Authors: Olsen Katie , LaGree Danielle , Tefertiller Alec
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Frequently coming from diverse and lower income backgrounds, first-generation college students (FGCS) may be a key demographic for improving the general lack of diversity that plagues the advertising industry. As such, understanding and supporting FGCS within strategic communication programs is increasingly important. Using a mixed method approach through two studies, the current investigation suggests that FGCS are more planful, organized, and focused than their non-FGCS counterparts. The absence of support and knowledge of career exploration from parents or guardians causes these students to be more self-reliant and proactive, which improves their ability to successfully self-manage their career trajectories within the advertising industry.
Interleukin gene expression in broiler chickens infected by different Escherichia coli serotypes
Authors: Elnagar Reham , Elkenany Rasha , Younis Gamal
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the cause of avian colibacillosis, a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of E. coli in diseased chicken broilers, pathological effects of these bacteria, and interleukin (IL) gene expression of different serotypes of E. coli (O78, O26, O44, and O55) on experimentally infected chickens.

Materials and Methods: A total of 295 organ samples (liver, lungs, heart, and spleen) from 59 diseased broiler chickens were used for conventional identification of E. coli. Chickens were orally infected with one of the following E. coli serotypes (O78, O26, O44, or O55) and examined for clinical signs, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and IL gene expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results: E. coli was isolated from 53.2% of broiler chicken organs with a high prevalence in lungs (26.1%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O26, O44, O55, O157, and O127 prevalence of 27.8, 22.2, 16.7, 16.7, 5.6, and 5.6%, respectively. In the experimental design, five groups (G1-G5) of birds were established. G1 served as the negative control group, while G2-G5 were challenged orally with E. coli O78, O26, O55, or O44, respectively. Chickens infected with E. coli O78 or O26 showed significant clinical signs in comparison to the other infected birds. Mortality (13.3%) was only observed in birds infected with E. coli O78. Necropsy of dead birds after E. coli O78 infection showed pericarditis, enteritis, airsacculitis, and liver and lung congestion. More severe histopathological changes were observed in intestines, spleen, liver, and lung from chickens infected with either E. coli O78 or O26 than for birds infected with other serotypes. On the 2nd day post-infection, E. coli challenge, particularly with E. coli O78, displayed significantly upregulated levels of ileal IL-6 and IL-8, but ileal IL-10 level tended to be downregulated in comparison to the control group.

Conclusion: This study assessed the application of cytokines as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases, particularly colibacillosis.
Serosurvey of anti-Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum antibodies in hunting dogs and hunters in Brazil
Authors: Kmetiuk Louise Bach , de Campos Monique Paiva , Bach Renato van Wilpe , Brandão Ana Pérola Drulla , de Barros-Filho Ivan Roque , Lipinski Leandro Cavalcante , Fávero Giovani Marino , dos Santos Andrea Pires , Fiqueiredo Fabiano Borges , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Although wild boar hunting activities and the hunting dog trade in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes of Brazil overlap both with endemic and with non-endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis, no study to date has focused on Leishmania spp. exposure among hunting dogs and hunters. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of Leishmania spp. antibodies in hunting dogs and hunters in different anthropized areas of two Brazilian biomes.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 170 hunting dogs and 46 hunters between October 2016 and May 2018. The presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. in hunting dogs was screened through a dual-path platform immunochromatographic test (DPP rapid test; Bio-Manguinhos/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and in hunters through an rK39-based rapid immunochromatographic test. Both tests were used in accordance with Brazilian Ministry of Health recommendations.

Results: Overall, although antibodies were detected through the immunochromatographic test in 3/170 (0.02%) of these female asymptomatic hunting dogs, all living in anthropized areas of the Atlantic Forest biome in South Brazil, no sample was confirmed through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All the hunters were non-reactive in the rapid immunochromatographic test.

Conclusion: Our study on three suspicious hunting dogs has suggested that Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum may circulate both in endemic and non-endemic areas in Brazil. In addition, a high rate of hunting dog replacement due to death and trade may have led to less chance of infection and transmission between animals and between animals and humans, which would corroborate the outcomes reported here. Further studies should be conducted to fully establish whether hunting dogs and hunters may be used as sentinels in other areas endemic for Leishmania spp.
Upaya Memperkuat Posisi Beras Vietnam di Pasar Global melalui Branding
Authors: Srirahayu Dina
Published: October 2021

Vietnam merupakan salah satu negara penghasil dan pengekspor beras terbesar di Asia Tenggara dan di dunia. Beras di Vietnam tidak hanya sebagai makanan pokok, tetapi juga sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan negara yang utama. Oleh karena itu, agar dapat memenuhi permintaan pasar ekspor yang terus berubah, Vietnam perlu meningkatkan kualitas produk berasnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan keberhasilan Vietnam dalam memproduksi beras dan upaya Pemerintah Vietnam dalam memenuhi permintaan pasar ekspor yang terus berubah. Sumber data menggunakan studi literatur tentang topik-topik terkait dan menggunakan analisis SWOT untuk menggambarkan kondisi perberasan di Vietnam. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa salah satu hal penting yang harus dilakukan Pemerintah Vietnam untuk mampu bersaing dalam perdagangan beras di pasar global adalah dengan memberikan merek dagang untuk setiap produk berasnya yang dijual di pasar lokal maupun internasional sebagai identitas beras asli asal Vietnam.
BETWEEN MARKETING AND ONLINE SOFT DIPLOMACY: ASSESSING SOUTH KOREAN HEALTH AND BEAUTY PRODUCTS EXPANSIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Mulyaman Darynaufal , Oley Gradiola Stacie
Published: October 2021

This study explains how South Korean companies’ innovations, especially the ones which are running in beautyand health industries, have positive impacts to South Korean economy. It brings out some questions such as: isthis a kind of new soft power method? With its enormous online network, how and why South Korean health andbeauty products become so imminent in Indonesia? This study argues that a successful soft power strategy needsa co-opted measure in distribution and cyber world is vast place that could benefit a country that knows how touse it well. Furthermore, the collected data are literature studies from relevant sources, such as press releases andgovernment publications, from November 2019 to January 2020.
Noninvasive assessment of hepatic steatosis using a pathologic reference standard: comparison of CT, MRI, and US-based techniques
Authors: Bae Jae Seok , Lee Dong Ho , Suh Kyung-Suk , Kim Haeryoung , Lee Kyung Bun , Lee Jae Young , Han Joon Koo
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The present study compared the performance of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), grayscale ultrasonography (US), and attenuation imaging (ATI) for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis (HS).Methods: In total, 120 prospectively recruited patients who underwent hepatic resection between June 2018 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. CT, MRI-PDFF, CAP, grayscale US, and ATI were performed within 3 months before surgery. Diagnostic performance for HS ≥5% and HS >33% was compared using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves. Histopathologic examinations served as the reference standard for the degree of HS.Results: For detecting HS ≥5%, MRI-PDFF (AUC, 0.946) significantly outperformed CT, CAP and grayscale US (AUC, 0.807, 0.829, and 0.761, respectively) (P<0.01 for all). ATI (AUC, 0.892) was the second-best modality and significantly outperformed grayscale US (P=0.001). In pairwise comparisons, there were no significant differences between the AUC of ATI and the values of MRI-PDFF, CT, or CAP (P=0.133, P=0.063, and P=0.150, respectively). For detecting HS >33%, all the modalities provided good diagnostic performance without significant differences (AUC, 0.887-0.947; P>0.05 for all).Conclusion: For detecting HS ≥5%, MRI-PDFF was the best imaging modality, while ATI outperformed grayscale US. For detecting HS >33%, all five imaging tools demonstrated good diagnostic performance.
A problem-based approach in musculoskeletal ultrasonography: central metatarsalgia
Authors: Son Hye Min , Chai Jee Won , Kim Yong Hee , Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Hyo Jin , Seo Jiwoon , Lee Sung Moon
Published: October 2021

Ultrasonography (US) is a useful diagnostic method that can be easily applied to identify the cause of metatarsalgia. The superficial location of structures in the foot, dynamic capability of US, and the ability to perform direct real-time evaluations of the pain site are also strong advantages of US as a modality for examining the foot. Moreover, knowing the possible pain sources to investigate when a patient has a specific site of pain will enhance the diagnostic quality of US, and will help radiologists to perform US efficiently and effectively. The purpose of this article is to review the common etiologies of metatarsalgia including Morton’s neuroma, plantar plate injury, synovitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, and metatarsal fractures, and to discuss their US features.
The impact of medical scribes on emergency physician diagnostic testing and diagnosis charting
Authors: Todd Brett R. , Nelson Lucas N.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Since the widespread adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs), medical scribes have been increasingly utilized in emergency department (ED) settings to offload the documentation burden of emergency physicians (EPs). Scribes have been shown to increase EP productivity and satisfaction; however, little is known about their effects on the EP’s diagnostic process. We aimed to assess what effect, if any, scribes have on EP diagnostic test ordering and their documentation of differential diagnoses.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing a chart review to compare diagnostic practices of EPs working both with and without scribes. We analyzed the number of laboratory and radiologic diagnostic studies ordered per encounter as well as characteristics of differential diagnosis documentation.

Results

Scribes did not affect laboratory studies ordered per encounter (mean 6.31 by scribes vs. 7.35 by EPs, difference −1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.34 to 0.26) or radiologic studies ordered per encounter (mean 1.49 by scribes vs. 1.39 by EPs, difference 0.10; 95% CI −0.15 to 0.35). Scribes did not affect the frequency of documenting a differential diagnosis or the number of diagnoses considered in each differential, but they were associated with higher word counts in EP differentials (mean 72.29 by scribes vs. 50.00 by EPs, mean difference 22.79; 95% CI 6.77 to 38.81).

Conclusions

Scribe use does not appear to affect EP diagnostic test ordering but may have a small effect on their documentation of differential diagnoses.
The effect of surfactant concentrations and surface material on heat transfer coefficient in nucleate boiling regime
Authors: Refaey A. M. , Elnaggar S. , Abdel-Latif S. H. , Hamza A.
Published: October 2021

The nucleate boiling regime and two-phase flow are greater importance to the safety analysis of nuclear reactors. In this study, the boiling heat transfer in nuclear reactor is numerical investigated. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, ANSYS Fluent 17.2 is used and the boiling model is employed. The numerical predictions obtained are compared with the experimental data reported by A. Hamza et al. [9]. An experimental test rig is designed and constructed to investigate the effect of cooling water chemistry control and the material of heater surface. CFD software, allows the detailed analysis of the two-phase flow and heat transfer. In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of the boiling model implemented in the ANSYS Fluent code. This model is based on the heat flux partitioning approach and accommodates the heat flux due to single-phase convection, quenching and evaporation. The validation carried out of surfactant fluid/vapor two-phase flow inside the 2-D cylindrical boiling vessel. A heated horizontal pipe with stainless steel, Aluminum, and Zircalloy surface materials are used to numerically predict the field temperature and void fraction. Different surfactant concentrations ranging from 0, (pure water) to 1500 ppm, and heat fluxes ranging from 31 to 110 kW/m2 are used. The results of the predicted model depict that the addition of SDS Surfactant and increasing the heat flux improves the coefficient of boiling heat transfer for a given concentration. Also, it was found that the increasing of the concentration of aqueous surfactant solution increases the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient. The aqueous surfactant solution SDS improved the heat transfer coefficient of Aluminum, Zircalloy and stainless steel surface materials by 135%.138% and 120% respectively. The results of the numerical model are nearly in agreement with that measured in experimental.
The evaluation of TRACE/PARCS model for BWR-4 nuclear power plant by startup test transient analyses
Authors: Huang J.-J. , Chen S.-W. , Wang J.-R. , Shih C. , Lin H.-T. , Chen C.-K.
Published: October 2021

Generally, the thermal hydraulic (TH) codes need the results of Neutron Kinetics (NK) codes providing the reactivity properties to calculate neutron flux. Then the TH codes perform the safety analyses obtaining the responses of pressure, temperature, or water level. Two kinds of different codes calculate different physical behaviors sequentially and separately. Simultaneously computing thermal hydraulic and neutron kinetics behaviors can enhance the accuracy of the analysis. Hence, it is crucial to develop the TH-NK coupled model. This study presents the capability of the TH-NK coupled model, developed by TRACE (TRAC/RELAP Advanced Computational Engine) and PARCS (Purdue Advanced Reactor Core Simulator), for the BWR-4 nuclear power plant. The establishment of the TRACE/PARCS model presented the nodal and component modeling methodologies. This model was used to simulate two startup tests of high power level system transients. Principal system responses, calculated by the TRACE/PARCS model, were compared with the measured data in startup tests and the results of the point kinetic calculation of the TRACE (TRACE/PK) to evaluate the model. The evaluation shows that the TRACE/PARCS model can simulate the interaction between thermal hydraulic and neutron kinetics phenomena and predict the transients suitably. Through the comparison, the TRACE/PARCS model can be confident doing the analyses of normal and abnormal operational transients to predict the transient responses.
Heat transfer characterization under radial jet and falling film induced rewetting
Authors: Kumar M. , Mukhopadhyay D.
Published: October 2021

Empirical correlations are developed for rewetting velocity and maximum heat transfer coefficient during rewetting phase of single hot vertical Fuel Pin Simulator (FPS) by using radial jet impingement and falling film. Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) has been designed for Advance Heavy water Reactor (AHWR) to rewet the hot fuel pin under the loss of coolant accident. Coolant injection takes place from a water rod which is located at the center of the fuel bundle in form of jets to rewet hot surface of fuel pin under loss of coolant accident. This kind of design to reflood the fuel bundle is different than bottom and top spray reflooding practiced in PWR and BWR type of nuclear reactors. There are two different kinds of rewetting found during radial jet induced cooling. The first one is due to radial jet impingement and the second one is due to falling film which is below the jet impingement point. Rewetting velocity has been predicted along the length of fuel pin due to radial jet impingement cooling. Temperature of FPS has been varied from 400°C to 700°C with help of different powers supply, simulating decay heat of reactor. A variation of coolant radial jet mass flow rate is from 0.5 lpm to 1.8 lpm. It is considered during ECCS injection. It has been observed from the experiments that rewetting velocity decreases with increasing the clad surface temperature and increases with increasing the coolant mass flow rate. The rewetting velocity in falling film is found to be nearly 1.8 times higher than rewetting velocity predicted in circumferential direction. Further, it is found that maximum heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing the radial jet coolant mass flow rate. The maximum heat transfer coefficient in case of radial jet impingement is found to be nearly 1.5 times the falling film rewetting. Developed correlation predicts the maximum heat transfer coefficient with experimental data well within the error band of ±10%.
Heat transfer at the step of a CANDU calandria during a severe accident
Authors: David R.
Published: October 2021

During the in-vessel stage of a severe accident in a CANDU 6 reactor, decay heat from a collapsed core would be rejected through the calandria walls into the surrounding water. At the step in the calandria wall, the subshell and annular plate meet at a right angle pointing into the calandria. The geometry at this joint could concentrate the exiting heat flux, potentially leading to calandria failure. Finite element analysis is used to study the heat transfer near the welded joint. Different weld profiles, boundary conditions, and decay heat characteristics are considered, and the local concentration of exiting heat flux is calculated.
Criticality analysis for safety-critical software in nuclear power plant distributed control system
Authors: Cui J. , Cai Y. , Wu Y.
Published: October 2021

Software criticality analysis examines the degree of contribution that each individual failure mode of a software component has on the reliability of software. Higher safety integrity levels are assigned to software modules whose failures cause an unacceptable impact on the operation of the system, and these levels require the implementation of more rigorous software quality assurance measures as defined in IEEE Std 1012 and in the customer’s system requirements specification. In this paper, a novel software criticality analysis method is proposed, the results of which can be used to guide the development of newly developed software and the procurement of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software. The software structure is first analyzed and the software is divided into modules according to their functions. Then the criticality levels of software components are preliminarily classified by means of a safety criticality preliminary analysis tree, followed by their verification through the software hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP). Finally, the target Safety Integrity Level (SIL) of each software module is determined based on its criticality level and the overall safety objective (i. e., SIL) of the system it resides in. As an example, this proposed method is applied to a nuclear power plant safety-critical system to demonstrate the detail application process and to verify the feasibility of the method. Compared with the existing software criticality analysis methods, this method has better operability and verifiability, and can be utilized as a technical guidance for the software criticality analysis of nuclear power plant digital control systems.
Experimental investigation on buffer/backfill materials for radioactive waste repository downward facing sorption additivity of cesium, strontium and cobalt with different concentrations
Authors: Lee C.-P. , Hu Y. , Sun Y. , Shi Y. , Tien N.-C. , Chuang L.-Y. , Liu W.
Published: October 2021

Buffer/backfill materials for radioactive waste disposal sites consist of pure bentonite or bentonite-rock mixtures. In this study, the batch test method was used to obtain the sorption characteristics of important radionuclides such as Cs, Sr and Co on buffer/backfill materials; i. e., mixing Wyoming MX-80 bentonite or local Taiwanese Zhi-Shin bentonite with possible host rock (argillite and granite) in different proportions (0∼100%). The distribution coefficients (Kd) for Cs, Sr and Co were obtained from the experiments. The distribution coefficient for the bentonite-rock mixtures were found, with more than 50% of mixing proportion of bentonite to argillite or granite, to have very similar values to that of pure bentonite. Furthermore, it was clearly found that the sorption of Cs, Sr and Co to bentonite-rock mixtures is decreased as ionic strength of the liquid phase is increased from 0.001M to 1M for NaCl solutions. According to the experimental results, in synthetic groundwater, it is quite convenient and helpful to assess the distribution coefficients (Kd) of Cs, Sr and Co for buffer/backfill materials using batch sorption experiments with bentonite-rock mixtures of fixed mixing proportions.
Evaluation of radiation interaction parameters of some shape memory alloys
Authors: Tekerek S. , Yıldız E.
Published: October 2021

In this study, effective atomic number (Zeff), atomic (σta) and electronic cross section (σte) values of some shape memory alloys (SMA) were calculated at energies 5.9, 6.1, 8, 11.2, 25, 59.543, 75, 112, 149 keV. It has been observed that the obtained values of the calculated parameters vary depending on the photon intensity, chemical constitution and density of the alloys. Calculations were made using the WinXCom program and the graph of the change according to the energy of the obtained results was drawn. The results of this study are thought to be beneficial in the application of various fields.
Die Vertretung ökologischer Interessen in der Sozialpolitik: Konflikt- oder Kooperationspotential in einer Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit?
Authors: Bohnenberger Katharina , Fritz Martin , Mundt Ingmar , Riousset Pauline
Published: October 2021

Zu einer vorbeugenden Sozialpolitik gehören ein Klima- und Umweltschutz, der umweltbedingte soziale Risiken vermeidet. Dieser Beitrag arbeitet in einer qualitativen Dokumentenanalyse heraus, in welchem Maße Gewerkschaften sowie Wohlfahrtsverbände in Deutschland zwischen 2012 und 2020 sozial-ökologische Ansätze aufgriffen haben. Der theoretische Rahmen basiert dabei auf einer bedürfnistheoretischen Perspektive und fünf interessensorientierten Erklärungsansätzen: 1) die Heterogenität der Interessen innerhalb und zwischen Gewerkschaften sowie Wohlfahrtsverbänden, 2) das Auftreten neuer, globaler Umweltprobleme, 3) eine korporatistische Konfliktlösung durch Produktionswachstum; sowie zwei inhaltliche Verengungen: 4) die Fokussierung auf Erwerbsarbeit und Ausblendung des ökologischen Fußabdrucks von Arbeitsplätzen sowie 5) das Ignorieren des Einflusses aktueller Arbeitsbedingungen auf die Realisierbarkeit ökologischer Lebensweisen. Wir beobachten eine eingeschränkte, ambivalente, jedoch zunehmende Integration sozialökologischer Belange in den Aktivitäten der Interessenvertretungen, die sich in verschiedenen Themenbereichen strukturell unterscheidet. In einem Ausblick diskutieren wir drei mögliche Strategien für die Weiterentwicklung sozialpolitischer Interessenvertretungen angesichts zunehmender ökologischer Herausforderungen.
Die Rolle von Gesundheit und Krankheit im deutschen Armutsdiskurs
Authors: Ariaans Mareike , Reibling Nadine
Published: October 2021

Mit der Veröffentlichung der Armuts- und Reichtumsberichte der Bundesregierung seit 2001 hat sich ein politischer Armutsdiskurs in Deutschland verstetigt. Gesundheit ist in allen bisherigen fünf Berichten eine zentrale Dimension. Jedoch ist für Deutschland bis heute wenig erforscht, welche Rolle Gesundheit in der politischen Debatte zu Armut einnimmt. Aufbauend auf der Medikalisierungstheorie untersuchen wir in diesem Beitrag mit einer qualitativen und quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse, wie Gesundheit und Krankheit in den Berichten dargestellt werden. Über den gesamten Zeitraum wird Armut eher als Ursache von Krankheit gesehen. Der Schwerpunkt der Lösungen für armutsbedingte Krankheiten liegt vor allem auf Verbesserungen des Gesundheitssystems und nicht bei der Armutsbekämpfung. Verhältnisprävention spielt erst in den letzten beiden Berichten eine bedeutsame Rolle. Auch werden gesundheitsbedingte Armutslagen nach dem vierten Armuts- und Reichtumsbericht (2013) weniger individualisiert und stattdessen strukturelle Ursachen wie Arbeitsbedingungen stärker diskutiert.
Wohneigentum, sozialpolitische Einstellungen und Region
Authors: Heide Julian
Published: October 2021

Sozialpolitische Einstellungen werden oft durch die Position auf dem Arbeitsmarkt erklärt. Dieser Artikel dagegen untersucht eine spezifische Vermögensform, das Wohneigentum, als Erklärungsfaktor für sozialpolitische Präferenzen. Mit Verweis auf die Figur der investiven Statusarbeit wird Wohneigentum als der Mittelschicht eigene Investitionsform eingeführt. Der Artikel differenziert Wohneigentümer/-innen zusätzlich nach dem Wert des Wohneigentums und der Region, in der sich die Immobilie befindet. Mit Daten des ALLBUS 2014 kann gezeigt werden, dass Wohneigentümer/-innen Sozialpolitik grundsätzlich skeptischer gegenüberstehen als Mieter/-innen. Ein höherer Wert des Wohneigentums verringert dabei die Zustimmung zu sozialpolitischen Maßnahmen. Eigentümer/-innen mit Immobilien in peripheren Regionen sind zudem Sozialpolitik gegenüber positiver eingestellt als Personen, deren Eigentum sich in wachsenden Großstädten und deren Umland befindet.
History of penicillin
Authors: Lalchhandama Kholhring
Published: October 2021

The history of penicillin was shaped by the contributions of numerous scientists. The ultimate result was the discovery of the mould Penicillium's antibacterial activity and the subsequent development of penicillins, the most widely used antibiotics. Following an accidental discovery of the mould, later identified as Penicillium rubens, as the source of the antibacterial principle (1928) and the production of a pure compound (1942), penicillin became the first naturally derived antibiotic. There is anecdotal evidence of ancient societies using moulds to treat infections and of awareness that various moulds inhibited bacterial growth. However, it is not clear if Penicillium species were the species traditionally used or if the antimicrobial substances produced were penicillin. In 1928, Alexander Fleming was the first to discover the antibacterial substance secreted by the Penicillium mould and concentrate the active substance involved, giving it the name penicillin. His success in treating Harry Lambert's streptococcal meningitis, an infection until then fatal, proved to be a critical moment in the medical use of penicillin. Many later scientists were involved in the stabilisation and mass production of penicillin and in the search for more productive strains of Penicillium. Among the most important were Ernst Chain and Howard Florey, who shared with Fleming the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Contribution of AGTR 1 Promoter Region Polymorphism to the Progression and Outcome of Sepsis in Patients with Various Comorbidities
Authors: Chumachenko A. G. , Grigoriev E. K. , Pisarev V. M.
Published: October 2021

Blood pressure dysregulation and circulatory failure are major contributors to the progression of sepsis and especially septic shock. One of the genes affecting the vascular endothelium and arteriolar tone is the angiotensin II receptor 1 gene (AGTR1). The AGTR1 rs275651 single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with the development of angina, high altitude pulmonary edema, and hypertension. The significance of the AGTR1 rs275651 polymorphism in sepsis, particularly in patients with significant comorbidity, has not been studied previously.The aim of the study was to determine the impact of AGTR1 functional polymorphism on sepsis outcome in patients with various comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and methods. A prospective study included 144 ICU patients of two clinical hospitals in Moscow, aged 18-75 years with clinical signs of sepsis (Sepsis-3, 2016).Results. In the group of patients with cardiovascular diseases, carriers of the TT AGTR1 rs275651 genotype had a lower mortality rate compared with carriers of the A allele (25 deaths out of 33 versus 16 out of 16, respectively, P=0.041, Fisher's exact test; P=0.0019, log-rank test). In the group of patients with diabetes mellitus (n=62), we also found significant differences in sepsis outcome based on the AGTR1 rs275651 genotype variant. The subgroup of TT AGTR1 rs275651 genotype carriers demonstrated significantly lower mortality compared with TA, AA genotypes carriers (27 deaths out of 41 and 20 out of 21, respectively, P=0.012, Fisher's exact test; OR=10.37; 95% CI: 1.26 to 85.5; P<0.0001, log-rank test).Conclusion. We found an association of the functional polymorphism AGTR1 -777 T>A (rs275651) with sepsis outcome in ICU patients with high-value baseline comorbidity: carriers of the more common TT genotype had lower mortality compared to carriers of the minor A allele.
Instantaneous EEG Signal Analysis Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition Applied to Burst-Suppression in Propofol Anaesthesia
Authors: Sobolova G. , Fabus M. S. , Fischer M. , Drobny M. , Drobna-Saniova B.
Published: October 2021

The human electroencephalogram (EEG) constitutes a nonstationary, nonlinear electrophysiological signal resulting from synchronous firing of neurons in thalamocortical structures of the brain. Due to the complexity of the brain's physiological structures and its rhythmic oscillations, analysis of EEG often utilises spectral analysis methods.Aim: to improve clinical monitoring of neurophysiological signals and to further explain basic principles of functional mechanisms in the brain during anaesthesia.Material and methods. In this paper we used Empirical Mode decomposition (EMD), a novel spectral analysis method especially suited for nonstationary and nonlinear signals. EMD and the related Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) decompose signal into constituent Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). In this study we applied EMD to analyse burst-suppression (BS) in the human EEG during induction of general anaesthesia (GA) with propofol. BS is a state characterised by cyclic changes between significant depression of brain activity and hyper-active bursts with variable duration, amplitude, and waveform shape. BS arises after induction into deep general anaesthesia after an intravenous bolus of general anaesthetics. Here we studied the behaviour of BS using the burst-suppression ratio (BSR).Results. Comparing correlations between EEG and IMF BSRs, we determined BSR was driven mainly by alpha activity. BSRs for different spectral components (IMFs 1-4) showed differing rates of return to baseline after the end of BS in EEG, indicating BS might differentially impair neural generators of low-frequency EEG oscillations and thalamocortical functional connectivity.Conclusion. Studying BS using EMD represents a novel form of analysis with the potential to elucidate neurophysiological mechanisms of this state and its impact on post-operative patient prognosis.
Text documents marking algorithm based on interword distances shifting invariant to format conversion
Authors: Kozachok Alexander Vasilievich , Kopylov Sergey Alexandrovich , Gorbachev Pavel Nikolaevich , Gaynov Artur Evgenevich , Kondrat’ev Boris Vladimirovich
Published: October 2021

The article presents an electronic text documents marking algorithm based on the identification information embedding by changing the values of the intervals between words (interwords distance shifting). The algorithm development is aimed at increasing the documents containing text information security from leakage through the channel due to the transfer of documents printed on paper, as well as the corresponding electronic copies of paper documents. In the marking algorithm developing process, an existing tools analysis of protecting paper documents from leakage was carried out, practical solutions in the field of protecting text documents were considered, their advantages and disadvantages were determined. The interwods distance shifting algorithm acts as an approach to the information embedding in electronic documents. Changing the values of interwords distance is based on embedding the normalized space in the selected areas of text lines and adjusting the remaining values of the spacing between words by the calculated values. To invariance ensure of the embedded marker for printing and subsequent scanning or photographing, formation algorithms of embedding regions and embedding matrix have been developed. In the embedding regions forming process from the text lines of the source document, arrays of spaces are formed, consisting of pairs: four and two spaces or two spaces. By means of the embedded information in the formed areas, the places where the normalized space is inserted is determined. In the embedding a marker process, an embedding matrix is formed, containing the values of the word displacement, and it is embedded in the original document in the process of printing. The developed marking algorithm usage makes it possible to introduce a marker into the electronic document text structure that is invariant to the format transformation of an electronic document into a paper one and vice versa. In addition, the developed marking algorithm features and limitations are presented. Directions for further research identified.
A Multilayer Approach to Subgraph Matching in HP-graphs
Authors: Suvorov Nikolai Mikhailovich , Lyadova Lyudmila Nickolaevna
Published: October 2021

Visual modeling is widely used nowadays, but the existing modeling platforms cannot meet all the user requirements. Visual languages are usually based on graph models, but the graph types used have significant restrictions. A new graph model, called HP-graph, whose main element is a set of poles, the subsets of which are combined into vertices and edges, has been previously presented to solve the problem of insufficient expressiveness of the existing graph models. Transformations and many other operations on visual models face a problem of subgraph matching, which slows down their execution. A multilayer approach to subgraph matching can be a solution for this problem if a modeling system is based on the HP-graph. In this case, the search is started on the higher level of the graph model, where vertices and hyperedges are compared without revealing their structures, and only when a candidate is found, it moves to the level of poles, where the comparison of the decomposed structures is performed. The description of the idea of the multilayer approach is given. A backtracking algorithm based on this approach is presented. The Ullmann algorithm and VF2 are adapted to this approach and are analyzed for complexity. The proposed approach incrementally decreases the search field of the backtracking algorithm and helps to decrease its overall complexity. The paper proves that the existing subgraph matching algorithms except ones that modify a graph pattern can be successfully adapted to the proposed approach.
Experiment based calibration of k − ε turbulence model in OpenFOAM package for mountain slope flows using machine learning techniques
Authors: Romanova Daria Igorevna
Published: October 2021

We calibrate the k − ε turbulence model for free surface flows in the channel or on the slope. To calibrate the turbulence model, an experiment is carried out in an inclined rectangular research tray. In the experiment, the pressure values in the flow are measured at different distances from the bottom using a Pitot tube; after transforming data, the flow velocity profile is obtained. The k − ε turbulence model is calibrated based on experimental data using the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm. The calibrated turbulence model is then used to calculate the outburst of a lake near the glacier Maliy Azau on the Elbrus (Central Caucasus).
Integration of micro-services as components in modeling environments for low code development
Authors: Chaudhary Hafiz Ahmad Awais , Margaria Tiziana
Published: October 2021

Low code development environments are gaining attention due to their potential as a development paradigm for very large scale adoption in the future IT. In this paper, we propose a method to extend the (application) Domain Specific Languages supported by two low code development environments based on formal models, namely DIME (native Java) and Pyro (native Python), to include functionalities hosted on heterogeneous technologies and platforms. For this we follow the analogy of micro services. After this integration, both environments can leverage the communication with pre-existing remote RESTful and enterprise systems’ services, in our case Amazon Web Services (AWS) (but this can be easily generalized to other cloud platforms). Developers can this way utilize within DIME and Pyro the potential of sophisticated services, potentially the entire Python and AWS ecosystems, as libraries of drag and drop components in their model driven, low-code style. The new DSLs are made available in DIME and Pyro as collections of implemented SIBs and blocks. Due to the specific capabilities and checks underlying the DIME and Pyro platforms, the individual DSL functionalities are automatically validated for semantic and syntactical errors in both environments.
High-speed network traffic capturing and processing tools
Authors: Larin Dmitry Victorovich , Getman Aleksandr Igorevich
Published: October 2021

Network stacks currently implemented in operating systems can no longer cope with the packet rates offered by 10 Gbit Ethernet. Thus, frameworks were developed claiming to offer a faster alternative for this demand. These frameworks enable arbitrary packet processing systems to be built from commodity hardware handling a traffic rate of several 10 Gbit interfaces, entering a domain previously only available to custom-built hardware. In this paper, we survey various frameworks for high-performance packet IO and their interaction with a modular frameworks and specialized virtual network functions software for high-speed packet processing. We introduce a model to estimate and assess the performance of these packet processing frameworks. Moreover, we analyze the performance of the most prominent frameworks based on representative measurements in packet capturing scenarios. Therefore, we provide a comparison between them and select the area of applicability.
A Method for the Stateful Data-Plane Algorithm State Synchronization in the Network Processing Unit
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav Konstantinovich , Volkanov Dmitry Yuryevitch , Skobtsova Julia Alexandrovna
Published: October 2021

This work presents a network processing unit based on specialized computational cores that is used for packet processing in network devices (e.g. in network switches). Nowadays stateful data-plane algorithms are developing in software-defined networks. The idea of stateful data-plane algorithms is to move a part of control information from control plane to data plane. But these algorithms require hardware support because they need resources for state handling. This work presents the network processing unit architecture modifications that allow to use stateful data-plane algorithms that require state synchronization between the NPU processing pipelines.
Data compression algorithms for flow tables in Network Processor RuNPU
Authors: Nikiforov Nikita Igorevitch , Volkanov Dmitry Yuryevitch
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses the problem of packet classification within a network processor (NP) architecture without the separate associative device. By the classification, we mean the process of identifying a packet by its header. The classification stage requires the implementation of data structures to store the flow tables. In our work, we consider the NP without the associative memory. Flow tables are represented by an assembly language program in the NP. For translating flow tables into assembly language programs, a tables translator was used. The main reason for implementing data compression algorithms in a flow tables translator is that modern flow tables can take up to tens of megabytes. In this paper, we describe the following data compression algorithms: Optimal rule caching, recursive end-point cutting and common data compression algorithms. An evaluation of the implemented data compression algorithms was performed on a simulation model of the NP.
Assessment of the impact of non-architectural changes in the predictive model on the quality of ECG classification
Authors: Ananev Vladislav Valerievich , Skorik Sergej Nikolaevich , Shaklein Vsevolod Vladislavovich , Avetisyan Aram Arutyunovich , Teregulov Yurij Emilevich , Turdakov Denis Yuryevich , Gliner Vadim , Schuster Assaf , Karpulevich Evgeny Andreevich
Published: October 2021

Recording and analyzing 12-lead electrocardiograms is the most common procedure for detecting heart disease. Recently, various deep learning methods have been proposed for the automatic diagnosis by an electrocardiogram. The proposed methods can provide a second opinion for the doctor and help detect pathologies at an early stage. Various methods are proposed in the paper to improve the quality of prediction of ECG recording pathologies. Techniques include adding patient metadata, ECG noise reduction, and self-adaptive learning. The significance of data parameters in training a classification model is also explored. Among the considered parameters, the influence of various ECG leads, the length of the electrocardiogram and the volume of the training sample is studied. The experiments carried out show the relevance of the described approaches and offer an optimal estimate of the input data parameters.
Ontology-based syntactic analysis of domain-specific texts
Authors: Geltser Boris Israelevich , Gorbach Tatiana Aleksandrovna , Gribova Valeriya Victorovna , Karpik Olesya Vladimirovna , Klyshinskiy Eduard Stanislavovich , Kochetkova Natalia Aleksandrovna , Okun Dmitry Borisovich , Petryaeva Margarita Vyacheslavovna , Shakhgeldyan Carina Iosifovna
Published: October 2021

The paper compares three methods for parsing of patients’ chief complaints extracted from electronic medical cards. We propose two methods which are based on usage of an ontology: either as a method for correction of mistake made by a parser, or for constructing syntactical dependencies according to this ontology and a limited set of rules of syntactical governance. As a control test, we use existing natural text parsing libraries. The paper demonstrates that such a simple approach could achieve a high accuracy, which is comparable to modern parsers.