bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CT Imaging Findings after Craniosynostosis Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Ginat Daniel Thomas , Lam Daniel , Kuhn Andrew Scott , Reid Russell
Published: June 2018

Several surgical options are available for treating the different types of craniosynostosis, including fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling, total or subtotal cranial vault remodeling, barrel stave osteotomy with cranial remodeling, endoscopic suturectomy, monobloc advancement and cranioplasty, and revision cranioplasty. High-resolution, low-dose CT with 3D reconstructed images and volumetric analysis can be useful for evaluating the craniofacial skeleton following surgery. The various types of craniosynostosis surgery and corresponding imaging findings are reviewed in this article.
Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Skeletal-Related Events in Genitourinary Cancer Patients with Bone Metastasis: A Retrospective Analysis of Prostate Cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma, and Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Owari Takuya , Miyake Makito , Nakai Yasushi , Morizawa Yosuke , Itami Yoshitaka , Hori Shunta , Anai Satoshi , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was to report the incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs) and identify risk factors for SREs in patients with genitourinary cancer with newly diagnosed bone metastasis. Methods: This retrospective study included 180 patients with bone metastasis from prostate cancer (PCa; n = 111), renal cell carcinoma (RCC; n = 43), and urothelial carcinoma (UC; n = 26). Clinical factors at the time of diagnosis of bone metastasis were evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for SREs. Results: During follow-up, 29 (26%) patients with PCa, 30 (70%) with RCC, and 15 (58%) with UC developed SREs. Treatment with bone-modifying agents (BMAs) before the development of SREs and within 6 months from the diagnosis of bone metastasis significantly delayed the time to first SRE as compared to nonuse of BMAs. Multivariate analysis identified type of primary cancer (PCa vs. RCC, PCa vs. UC), performance status, and bone pain as significant independent predictive risk factors for SREs. Conclusions: Treatment with BMAs significantly delayed the development of first SREs. The identified predictors of SREs might be useful to select patients who would benefit most from early treatment with BMAs.
Rapid On-Site Evaluation of Fine-Needle Aspiration by Non-Cytopathologists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for Adequacy Assessment
Authors: Pearson Lauren , Factor Rachel E. , White Sandra K. , Walker Brandon S. , Layfield Lester J. , Schmidt Robert L.
Published: June 2018

Objective: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has been shown to improve adequacy rates and reduce needle passes. ROSE is often performed by cytopathologists who have limited availability and may be costlier than alternatives. Several recent studies examined the use of alternative evaluators (AEs) for ROSE. A summary of this information could help inform guidelines regarding the use of AEs. The objective was to assess the accuracy of AEs compared to cytopathologists in assessing the adequacy of specimens during ROSE. Study Design: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reporting and study quality were assessed using the STARD guidelines and QUADAS-2. All steps were performed independently by two evaluators. Summary estimates were obtained using the hierarchal method in Stata v14. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Higgins’ I2 statistic. Results: The systematic review identified 13 studies that were included in the meta-analysis. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for AEs were 97% (95% CI: 92–99%) and 83% (95% CI: 68–92%). There was wide variation in accuracy statistics between studies (I2 = 0.99). Conclusions: AEs sometimes have accuracy that is close to cytopathologists. However, there is wide variability between studies, so it is not possible to provide a broad guideline regarding the use of AEs.
A Review on the Role of Inflammation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Leffa Douglas Teixeira , Torres Iraci L.S. , Rohde Luis Augusto
Published: June 2018

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that impairs quality of life in social, academic, and occupational contexts for both children and adults. Although a strong neurobiological basis has been demonstrated, the pathophysiology of ADHD is still poorly understood. Among the proposed mechanisms are glial activation, neuronal damage and degeneration, increased oxidative stress, reduced neurotrophic support, altered neurotransmitter metabolism, and blood-brain barrier disruption. In this way, a potential role of inflammation has been increasingly researched. However, evidence for the involvement of inflammation in ADHD is still scarce and comes mainly from (1) observational studies showing a strong comorbidity of ADHD with inflammatory and autoimmune disorders; (2) studies evaluating serum inflammatory markers; and (3) genetic studies. A co-occurrence of ADHD with inflammatory disorders has been demonstrated in a large number of subjects, suggesting a range of underlying mechanisms such as an altered immune response, common genetics, and environmental links. The evaluation of serum inflammatory markers has provided mixed results, likely due to the small sample sizes and high heterogeneity between biomarkers. However, there is evidence that increased inflammation during the early development may be a risk factor for ADHD symptoms. Although genetic studies have demonstrated a potential role for inflammation in this disorder, there is no clear evidence. To sum up, inflammation may be an important mechanism in ADHD pathophysiology, but more studies are still needed for a more precise conclusion.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair with Mesh: Mid-Term Efficacy and Complications
Authors: Mateu Arrom Laura , Errando Smet Carlos , Gutierrez Ruiz Cristina , Araño Pedro , Palou Redorta Joan
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Our aim was to assess the efficacy and complications of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) correction with transvaginal mesh (TVM). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively assessed patients who had undergone a repair of an apical (primary or recurrent) or recurrent POP using TVM in our department since 2007. Meshes used were Prolift®, Elevate®, and Surelift®. Satisfaction with surgery was assessed on a 0–10 scale. Results: A total of 83 patients were included (33 Prolift®, 36 Elevate®, 14 Surelift®), with a mean age of 67.8 ± 9.7 years. Eighteen (21.6%) patients underwent a recurrent POP correction. Follow-up was 49 ± 34 months. Twelve (14.4%) symptomatic recurrences were identified, 3 of which required further surgery. Satisfaction was 8.7. Four (4.8%) vaginal exposures were detected, 2 of which required partial mesh removal. Three (3.6%) cases of dyspareunia and 1 (1.2%) case of mild pelvic pain were reported, which did not require further treatment. Conclusion: The use of TVM for apical or recurrent POP repair is effective and is associated with a high satisfaction rate while complications are infrequent.
Ferric Citrate Decreases Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Improves Erythropoietin Responsiveness in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Maruyama Noriaki , Otsuki Tomoyasu , Yoshida Yoshinori , Nagura Chinami , Kitai Maki , Shibahara Nami , Tomita Hyoe , Maruyama Takashi , Abe Masanori
Published: June 2018

Background: Serum phosphate and vitamin D receptor activator regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and iron may modulate FGF23 metabolism. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of ferric citrate hydrate and lanthanum carbohydrate on serum FGF23 levels in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This prospective, open-label, multicenter study enrolled 60 patients on hemodialysis treated with lanthanum carbonate. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: those switching from lanthanum carbonate to ferric citrate hydrate (ferric citrate group, n = 30) or those continuing lanthanum carbonate (control group, n = 30). Patients were monitored for 24 weeks. Endpoints included changes in FGF23, phosphate, and the dose of erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA), erythropoietin responsiveness index (ERI), and adverse events. Results: FGF-23 levels were significantly lower in the ferric citrate group compared with the levels in the control group (change from baseline –6,160 vs. –1,118 pg/mL; p = 0.026). There were no significant changes in serum calcium, phosphate, and intact parathyroid hormone levels in either group. The ferric citrate group had significantly increased serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation. Hemoglobin levels were significantly elevated, and the dose of ESA was significantly decreased in the ferric citrate group but not in the control group. ERI and the dose of intravenous saccharated ferric oxide were significantly lower in the ferric citrate group compared with those of the control group (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002). Conclusion: In patients on hemodialysis, 24-week treatment with ferric citrate hydrate resulted in significant reduction in FGF23 and ERI independently of serum phosphate level.
Biblioteca Pública Estadual de Minas Gerais: percurso histórico e dinâmicas de inserção social
Authors: Silveira Fabrício José Nascimento da
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho objetiva refletir sobre duas questões centrais: qual o lugar ocupado pela Biblioteca Pública Estadual de Minas Gerais no cenário cultural e intelectual de Belo Horizonte? Em que medida a apropriação de seus acervos e serviços, bem como as dinâmicas de sociabilidade experienciadas em seus espaços marcam a história de vida dos usuários que a ela recorrem? Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, traça-se, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, um panorama histórico dessa unidade bibliotecária, destacando-se acontecimentos relevantes em sua trajetória e evidenciando os principais serviços e atividades oferecidos à população belo-horizontina, bem como a diversidade de suas coleções. Posteriormente, e visando-se apreender a importância da Biblioteca para a cidade e para seus usuários, analisa-se as respostas conferidas por 4 sujeitos às seguintes indagações: que impressões e sensações foram vivenciadas por eles durante o primeiro contato com a Biblioteca Estadual? Qual a importância da Biblioteca para Belo Horizonte; e qual o lugar que a mesma ocupa em suas histórias de vida? Como resultado, além de demarcar a importância social da instituição e os modos como intervém na paisagem cultural de Belo Horizonte e do estado, ressalta-se a relevância simbólica e afetiva que ela possui para cada um de nossos depoentes.
A feira de livros a partir de narrativas orais: uma experiência simbólica na cultura informacional do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Salomão Amanda , Saldanha Gustavo Silva
Published: June 2018

A partir do entendimento de espaços diversificados de produção dos saberes e da informação, a proposta do estudo é construir subsídios para a compreensão das condições simbólicas de circulação e apropriação de saberes, tendo como foco as experiências urbanas das feiras de livro no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Especificamente, a análise propôs um olhar sob as feiras de livro e suas camadas de produção simbólica de realidade no âmbito do uso dos artefatos informacionais. O delineamento do objeto de estudo ficou caracterizado através do que tratamos como “cultura feirante de informação e a informação sobre a cultura das feiras: produção, circulação e apropriação de fontes de informação sobre feiras de livro no Estado do Rio de Janeiro”. O foco central do presente artigo analisa como esse conhecimento se constrói no locus da feira, de modo a lançar luz nas experiências simbólicas e de apropriação de saberes que ocorrem nesses ambientes. Segundo uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo por base os registros orais de visitantes e livreiros da Primavera Literária de 2016, através de entrevista semiestruturada, intentou-se investigar como suas experiências com o universo informacional contribuem para a construção de um conhecimento sobre as feiras e para a criação de interações simbólicas, de modo a compreender como a vivência nas feiras produz significação simbólica de seus sujeitos e promove a apropriação de saberes sobre esses ambientes e seus artefatos informacionais.
A bibliometria e as novas atribuições profissionais nas bibliotecas universitárias
Authors: Vanz Samile Andrea de Souza , Santin Dirce Maria , Pavão Caterina Marta Groposo
Published: June 2018

O avanço tecnológico e o contexto acadêmico em rápida transformação têm gerado novas demandas informacionais e promovido a reconfiguração dos serviços em bibliotecas universitárias do mundo todo. As funções tradicionais cedem espaço ao surgimento de novas atribuições, adaptadas à agilidade tecnológica, ao ecossistema dinâmico de informação e às novas demandas dos usuários no contexto acadêmico. Este artigo discute os novos papéis das bibliotecas universitárias e o uso da bibliometria como estratégia para o desenvolvimento das bibliotecas acadêmicas. Com base na literatura e em exemplos de unidades de informação que oferecem serviços de bibliometria, atenta-se para as atribuições emergentes nas bibliotecas universitárias e para as novas possibilidades de atuação profissional. Alguns serviços de bibliometria voltados à avaliação institucional, ao apoio ao pesquisador e à formação de competências são apresentados ao final, incentivando seu oferecimento em bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras. Conclui-se que a bibliometria é um importante espaço de trabalho para o bibliotecário e um recurso estratégico para o desenvolvimento das bibliotecas universitárias e suas instituições, podendo ter reflexos significativos sobre o planejamento e avaliação institucional.
Comparação entre sistemas para criação de acervos digitais: análise dos softwares livres DSpace, EPrints, Fedora, Greenstone e Islandora a partir de novas dimensões analíticas
Authors: Martins Dalton Lopes , Silva Marcel Ferrante , Siqueira Joyce
Published: June 2018

Os repositórios digitais estão cada vez mais integrados ao cotidiano, principalmente por possibilitar a universalização do conhecimento por meio de acesso rápido e, muitas vezes, gratuito a documentos de toda ordem. Existem atualmente diversas opções de softwares disponíveis para este fim, dessa forma, para auxiliar os gestores responsáveis por definir a melhor ferramenta para seu projeto, originou-se o objetivo desta pesquisa, de analisar cinco principais softwares livres: DSpace, EPrints, Fedora, Greenstone e Islandora e verificar quais destes atendem o maior número de requisitos previamente classificados em dimensões analíticas.  Assim, foram analisadas 182 funcionalidades, divididas em 10 dimensões analíticas, dos quais obteve-se que o DSpace atende uma maior porcentagem de funcionalidades, com 57%, sendo seguido pelo EPrints, com 38%, a Islandora, com 36%, o Greenstone, com 23% e o Fedora, com 19%. A partir deste resultado, pretende-se oferecer aos gestores importante ferramenta de decisão.
Entre o tipo e a norma: reflexões sobre o comportamento do designer gráfico no ambiente acadêmico
Authors: Mendonça Ismael Lopes , Feitosa Luiz Tadeu , Costa Maria de Fátima Oliveira
Published: June 2018

Este estudo exploratório busca compreender como os designers gráficos, especialistas em mediar informações pelo aspecto simbólico da tipografia, comportam-se diante dos mecanismos ordenadores do texto científico. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as convenções normativas, ao estabelecerem uma estética padronizada, restringem o potencial significante dos tipos a modelos preconcebidos. Diante disso, deseja-se saber como os designers que atuam no ensino superior lidam com essa questão, se eles resistem ao serviço de normalização e que soluções podem ser apresentadas a fim de melhorar ou alterar os padrões atuais. Em campo, optou-se por trabalhar com o grupo “Professores de Tipografia” do Facebook™, pois reúne designers docentes de diferentes instituições brasileiras, além de algumas internacionais. Foi disponibilizado para eles um questionário digital criado pelo Google Forms™, cujo conteúdo das respostas foi analisado com base no conceito de regime de informação de Frohmann (1995) e de González de Gómez (2012). Pelo retorno obtido, percebe-se que as ações e as opiniões dos depoentes apresentam marcas do regime ordenador científico, configurando-lhes um comportamento acadêmico condicionado pela norma, a despeito de suas habilidades como comunicadores visuais. Conclui-se que, apreendidos por esse sistema, os depoentes não somente seguem as prescrições normativas, mas as reforçam, ampliando o poder regulatório consolidado no rigor estrutural do texto, na escrita objetivada e na funcionalidade operacional dos meios que armazenam e recuperam a informação.
Revision of the type material of Diploneis zannii Frenguelli (Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: VOUILLOUD AMELIA A. , SALA SILVIA E. , HEGUILOR SANTIAGO
Published: June 2018

Diploneis zannii was first described from the Esteros del Iberá, a subtropical wetland from Argentina. Type material of the species was studied with light and electron microscopy and compared to some similar taxa: D. fusca, D. insolitus, D. lenzii, D. smithii and D. finnica and other material collected from Brazil and Uruguay. We confirm the validity of Diploneis zannii as a species and present an emended diagnosis derived from new information on its morphology. A lectotype and isolectotype are designated.
Two new deep-water species of the genus Thorogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the upper continental slope of the Eastern Central Atlantic
Authors: SAUBERER MICHAEL , IWAMOTO TOMIO , AHNELT HARALD
Published: June 2018

Two new gobiid species, Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. and Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Gobiidae), are described from the outer continental shelf and upper slope of the Eastern Central Atlantic off Angola, Ghana and São Tomé and Príncipe. The specimens were trawled from depths between 57 and 208 m. The new species are most similar to Thorogobius angolensis. Thorogobius alvheimi sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners in the combination of following characters. Fins: first dorsal fin with the second and third spines distinctly elongated; pectoral fin ray count 20–21; pelvic disc complete and short with well-developed anterior membrane (frenum) and pointed lateral lobes. Scales: nape and predorsal area naked; no scales on opercle; scales in longitudinal series 27–31. Pattern of free neuromasts: supratemporal rows tr and trp developed, extending transversally between pores H and K; longitudinal row g short, not passing row m posteriorly and distinctly distant from row h; infraorbital row 6 long, ventrally extending to lower margin of preopercle, its ventral section 6i originating anterior to its dorsal section 6s; posterior lateral row h reaching anteriorly above posterior third of opercle. Coloration: body uniformly pale fawn and brown; margin of scale pockets dark brown pigmented, yielding a reticulated pattern; pale spots on nape and predorsal area; caudal fin uniformly dusky greyish. Thorogobius laureatus sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners in the combination of following characters. Fins: first dorsal fin the second and third spines distinctly elongated; pectoral fin ray count 19–22; pelvic disc complete, short, with well-developed anterior membrane (frenum) with pointed lateral lobes. Scales: scales on sides of predorsal area and midline mostly naked; no scales on opercle; scales in longitudinal series 24–27. Pattern of free neuromasts (sensory papillae): supratemporal rows tr and trp developed, extending transversally between pores H and K; longitudinal row g long, passing row m posteriorly and relatively close to row h; infraorbital row 6 long, ventrally extending to lower margin of preopercle, its ventral (6i) and dorsal (6s) originating opposite to each other; posterior lateral rows: row h long, reaching anteriorly above middle of opercle. Coloration: body pale fawn and brownish; margin of scale pockets dark brown pigmented, yielding a reticulated pattern; five brown blotches on flanks in lateral midline from below first dorsal fin to caudal peduncle; caudal fin with six or seven distinct dark vertical bands.
Amphicnemis valentini sp. nov. from the Cardamom ecoregion in Cambodia and Vietnam (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: KOSTERIN OLEG E. , KOMPIER TOM
Published: June 2018

Amphicnemis valentini sp. nov. is described from the Ream Peninsula of Cambodia (holotype: Cambodia, Preah Sihanouk Province, Ream Peninsula, 10.52258 N 103.69556 E, RMNH) and Phú Quốc Island, Kien Giang Province of Vietnam, both in the Cardamom ecoregion. It is similar to A. gracilis Krüger, 1898, which occurs in Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra, but differs from it by a long process on the male prothorax.
New records of species of the Polyonyx sinensis group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) from Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: OSAWA MASAYUKI , NARUSE TOHRU , NG PETER K. L.
Published: June 2018

Five species of the genus Polyonyx Stimpson, 1858 are reported from southern Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, and Peninsular Malaysia. All of them belong to the P. sinensis group, which is morphologically defined by having the dactyli of the ambulatory legs each with the dorsal claw being much smaller than the ventral claw. Two species are described as new to science, one each from Peninsular Malaysia and the Ryukyu Islands in Japan, and their affinities are discussed. Polyonyx boucheti Osawa, 2007, P. heok Osawa & Ng, 2016, and P. thai Werding, 2001, are also newly reported from southern Japan, the Philippines, and Singapore. A key to the Indo-West Pacific species of the P. sinensis group is provided.
The Northward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Northern Indian Ocean during Spring–Early Summer
Authors: Li Kuiping , Feng Lin , Liu Yanliang , Yang Yang , Li Zhi , Yu Weidong
Published: June 2018

The intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) activate in the tropical Indian Ocean (IO), exhibiting distinct seasonal contrasts in active regions and propagating features. The seasonal northward migration of the ISO activity initiates in spring–early summer, composed of two stages. Strong ISO activity first penetrates into the northern Bay of Bengal (BoB) around mid-April, and then extends to the northern Arabian Sea (AS) by mid-May. The northward-propagating ISOs (NPISOs) during their initiation periods, which are referred to as the primary northward-propagating (PNP) events, are analyzed with regard to the BoB and the AS, respectively. In terms of the BoB PNP event, the northward branch could be observed only in the BoB, and the eastward movement is still clear as the winter ISOs. For the AS PNP event, a strong northward branch spreads across the wider northern IO, as obvious as the summer ISOs. The relative roles of the seasonal environmental fields in modulating the PNP events are diagnosed based on a 2.5-layer atmospheric model. The results indicate that the seasonal variations of the surface moisture dominantly regulate the BoB PNP event, while both the surface moisture and the vertical wind shear are necessary for the AS PNP event. Additionally, the leading BoB PNP event is hypothesized to potentially act as a precondition of the following AS PNP event in terms of their internal ISO reinitiation processes and in terms of creating a favorable easterly shear environment in the northern IO.
Firms and Social Protection: An Event Study
Authors: Watson Sara , Arunachalam Raj
Published: June 2018

How should we understand business interests in the welfare state when firms have strategic incentives to misrepresent their preferences? This article uses an event study to uncover firms’ preferences over social protection. We use the stock market’s response to proposed legal changes in employment and wage protection to test class- versus skill-based understandings of employer preferences. Using data from France between 1997 and 2003, we find evidence in favor of the skill-centered approach.
Impact of a university physical conditioning sport education season on students’ fitness levels
Authors: Wahl-Alexander Zachary , Chomentowski Peter
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

Basic activity programmes are offered in numerous universities, with the primary objective of increasing involvement in different physical activities while instilling the value of lifetime fitness. Although these programmes have been shown to be beneficial, there is a lack of research focused on their effectiveness of improving physical activity levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine changes in college-aged students’ aerobic fitness levels following participation in a university physical conditioning course.

Methods:

Participants in this study were 47 university students from two physical conditioning courses, one taught using Sport Education and another taught with direct instruction. Student’s aerobic fitness levels were assessed through the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) and the one-mile run prior to and following the 5-month course.

Results:

Results indicated a significant difference between groups on the total number of laps completed during the PACER test.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study demonstrate that students who participated in the Sport Education physical conditioning course experienced significant improvements over time for both tests and a significant improvement over traditional instruction in the number of PACER laps run.
Access to information in Benin: a case study
Authors: Mabillard Vincent , Kakpovi Bellarminus G. , Cottier Bertil
Published: June 2018

Transparency is nowadays at the top of the agenda for most governments. The number of countries that have adopted a law on access to administrative documents is on the rise. Access to information laws do not provide a substitute for transparency, but they may signal the willingness of a government to increase openness. So far, most studies have focused on states where such laws exist, especially in Europe and North America, while very little research has been conducted in Africa. This contribution is intended to capitalise on previous research to present the case of Benin. Research questions focus on the development of access to information, barriers to an introduction of a stronger law in that country and the administration’s expectations regarding transparency. Data are based on interviews with civil society organisations, an official in charge of access to administrative documents in Benin and several employees of the national administration. Findings show how contextual and institutional differences shape transparency reforms, the importance of the issue of global awareness and access, and how current practices influence the approach towards access to administrative documents in Benin.

Points for practitioners

The case of Benin shows how openness can be fostered by the media, members of the parliament and civil society organisations. The combined action of these diverse stakeholders, also supported by regional and international partners, can lead to increased administrative transparency. This article highlights the commitment of public sector employees to create a more open administration, although they are still facing central implementation issues, such as undertrained staff, lack of resources or the dissemination and understanding of information among the population.
The Measurement, Nomological Net, and Theory of Perceived Self-Esteem Instability: Applying the Conservation of Resources Theory to Understand the Construct
Authors: Howard Matt C.
Published: June 2018

The current article performs the first focused investigation into the construct of perceived self-esteem instability (P-SEI). Four studies investigate the construct's measurement, nomological net, and theoretical dynamics. Study 1 confirms the factor structure of a P-SEI Measure, supporting that P-SEI can be adequately measured. Study 2 identifies an initial nomological net surrounding P-SEI, showing that the construct is strongly related to stable aspects of the self (i.e., neuroticism and core self-evaluations). In Studies 3 and 4, the Conservation of Resources Theory is applied to develop and test five hypotheses. These studies show that P-SEI is predicted by self-esteem level and stressors, and the relationship of certain stressors is moderated by self-esteem contingencies. P-SEI also predicts stress, depression, anxiety, and certain defensive postures. From these studies and the integration of Conservation of Resources Theory, we suggest that P-SEI emerges through an interaction between environmental influences and personal resources, and we provide a theoretical model to better understand the construct of P-SEI. We suggest that this theory-driven model can prompt the initial field of study on P-SEI.
When balance of power meets globalization: China, India and the small states of South Asia
Authors: Paul TV
Published: June 2018

This article addresses the research question: how have most small states of South Asian region managed to acquire substantial amount of investment from China and India without falling into the strategic orbit of either power? This is an anomaly because most structural theories, in particular neorealism, would expect small states not to have much power and influence on their own in their relationship with powerful states. I answer this puzzle by arguing that the limited competition between China and India in an era of intensified economic globalization has provided a window of opportunity to small states to maximize their returns from the two without upsetting their relationship with either in a big way. This short-term bargaining window has been facilitated by the managed rivalry and economic interdependence between China and India which is yet to become an intense strategic rivalry. The article cautions that as the Chinese and Indian ambitions in the Indo-Pacific collide, the smaller states may be asked to make choices akin to bandwagoning with either one, in particular by offering military bases and naval facilities. This development, if it occurs, will drastically affect the bargaining power of the smaller states.
Labour market and social integration of Eastern European migrants in Scotland and Portugal
Authors: Dickey Heather , Drinkwater Stephen , Shubin Sergei
Published: June 2018

This article investigates the factors influencing the labour market performance and social integration of Eastern European migrants in two regions within Scotland and Portugal. Given the potential links between these outcomes, measures of labour market success and integration into the host community are examined from a multi-dimensional perspective, including by modelling these jointly within a statistical framework. The main findings indicate the importance of a range of factors for labour market and social integration, which change with time and cannot be limited to any definable set of goals. In particular, proficiency in the host country’s language plays a key role in obtaining a highly paid job and social integration, but not for the probability of employment. Further, maintaining family links and cultural identity often outweigh the importance of being integrated into host communities. Other human capital factors, especially whether the job matches skills and qualifications, strongly influence some labour market outcomes, whilst migrant network variables are important for integration more widely. Focus on the immediate earnings and having a job tends to be prioritised over career progression, which can lead to better integration. Drawing on the insights from economics and human geography, this paper stresses that these findings hold both in the separate and joint modelling approaches. The effect of the influences is also found to be generally similar in Scotland and Portugal. However, some significant differences are detected between the host communities with regards to the impact of previous migration and friendship on social integration and age on employment.
Public Service Motivation or Sector Rewards? Two Studies on the Determinants of Sector Attraction
Authors: Asseburg Julia , Homberg Fabian
Published: June 2018

Public sector organizations are competing with the private sector for highly qualified staff. But the public sector lost attraction as an employer of choice. Public service motivation (PSM) and different sector rewards have been identified as alternative drivers of sector attraction. However, it is still unclear to what extent PSM is associated with sector attraction, especially when controlling for a comprehensive set of sector rewards. We investigate this sector attraction puzzle through a meta-analysis (Study 1) focusing on the relation between PSM and sector attraction and primary data collected from 600 German final-year students (Study 2). The two studies aggregate the literature on PSM and sector attraction and produce unique empirical evidence. Thus, we extend the knowledge on the relationship between PSM and sector attraction across different settings and in Germany, which enables us to derive implications for public sector recruiters.
Mindful Awareness as a Method of Christian Scripture Meditation among Empathic Korean Mothers in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Priscilla
Published: June 2018

This project is intended to examine the current phenomena, known as mindful awareness, from a Christian perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore how Christian Scripture meditation was perceived in light of the three factors of mindful awareness—focused attention, awareness, meta-awareness—in the practice of Christian Korean mothers who had greater mindful awareness and empathy. The participants in this study were mothers who attend Protestant churches in South Korea. All participants (n=181) were filtered for mindful awareness and empathy, and the 25 mothers with the greater level of mindful awareness and empathy were interviewed.
“They Learn to Convivir”: Immigrant Latinx Parents’ Perspectives on Cultural Socialization in Organized Youth Activities
Authors: Iturbide Maria I. , Gutiérrez Vanessa , Munoz Lorraine , Raffaelli Marcela
Published: June 2018

This qualitative study explored immigrant Latinx parents’ views of the role organized youth activities play in their children’s cultural socialization. Respondents were 29 Latinx caregivers of adolescents participating in 13 project-based youth programs. Most caregivers were female ( n = 25) and biological parents ( n = 27); all were born outside the United States (83% in Mexico). Caregivers participated in structured open-ended interviews, which were analyzed using a consensual inductive approach. Although the programs did not focus primarily on cultural issues, two thirds of the caregivers discussed cultural elements relating to their child’s program participation. Three dimensions were identified that reflected how youth programs supported adolescents’ socialization: (a) Latinx socialization, (b) multicultural socialization, and (c) civic socialization. Collectively, these different types of socialization provide youth with skills for living in a diverse society. Parents’ views of cultural socialization as a multifaceted process are consistent with the growing consensus that successful adaptation for children of immigrants involves maintaining connections with the family’s heritage culture (enculturation) while developing skills to function in larger society (acculturation). By acknowledging culture as a salient dimension for Latinx youth from immigrant families, program effectiveness can be increased for all youth.
A Dynamic Network Model of the Successor’s Knowledge Construction From the Resource- and Knowledge-Based View of the Family Firm
Authors: Cabrera-Suárez M. Katiuska , García-Almeida Desiderio Juan , De Saá-Pérez Petra
Published: June 2018

The article initially addresses the concept of familiness and its connection with the succession process in the family firm to emphasize the relevance of the successor’s knowledge. Then, a model is presented that evolves from a dyadic relationship in the knowledge transfer process from predecessor to successor to a network of exchanges with multiple agents and sources that enhance the successor’s construction of knowledge through time. Key aspects derived from that model about the successor’s human capital, the predecessor’s role, the knowledge network, the relational context, and the time dimension of the process are then discussed.
Hypoxic Preconditioning Protects SH-SY5Y Cell against Oxidative Stress through Activation of Autophagy
Authors: Tan Xiaomu , Azad Sherwin , Ji Xunming
Published: June 2018

Oxidative stress plays a role in many neurological diseases. Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) has been proposed as an intervention that protects neurons from damage by altering their response to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which HPC results in neuroprotection in cultured SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxidative stress to provide a guide for future investigation and targeted interventions. SH-SY5Y cells were subjected to HPC protocols or control conditions. Oxidative stress was induced by H2O2. Cell viability was determined via adenosine triphosphate assay. Rapamycin and 3-methyxanthine (3-MA) were used to induce and inhibit autophagy, respectively. Monodansylcadaverine staining was used to observe the formation of autophagosomes. Levels of Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 B (LC3B), Beclin 1, and p53 were measured by Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. Cell viability in the HPC group following 24-h exposure to 600 μM H2O2 was 65.04 ± 12.91% versus 33.14 ± 5.55% in the control group. LC3B, Beclin 1, and autophagosomes were increased in the HPC group compared with controls. Rapamycin mimicked the protection and 3-MA decreased the protection. There was a moderate increase in ROS after HPC, but rapamycin can abolish the increase and 3-MA can enhance the increase. p53 accumulated in a manner consistent with cell death, and HPC-treated cells showed reduced accumulation of p53 as compared with controls. Treatment with rapamycin decreased p53 accumulation, and 3-MA inhibited the decrease in p53 induced by HPC. HPC protects against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanisms of protection may involve the activation of autophagy induced by ROS generated from HPC and the following decline in p53 level caused by activated autophagy in oxidative stress state. This is in line with recent findings in nonneuronal cell populations and may represent an important advance in understanding how HPC protects neurons from oxidative stress.
Long-term Effect of Islet Transplantation on Glycemic Variability
Authors: Bertuzzi Federico , De Carlis Luciano , Marazzi Mario , Rampoldi Antonio Gaetano , Bonomo Matteo , Antonioli Barbara , Tosca Marta Cecilia , Galuzzi Marta , Lauterio Andrea , Fava Danila , Dorighet Patrizia , De Gasperi Andrea , Colussi Giacomo
Published: June 2018

Islet transplantation has been reported to restore normoglycemia and the overall metabolic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). In the most experienced centers, islet transplantation clinical outcome is similar to that of the whole pancreas transplantation. Long-term islet transplantation function remains a very interesting matter worth discussing. A progressive islet function decrease was reported, probably due to islet exhaustion. In 5 islet-transplanted patients with at least 3-yr follow-up and still insulin independent, their glycemic control was characterized by a blinded retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Islet transplantation restored glycemic control and glucose variability. Data were compared with patients in the waiting list. All the parameters of glycemic variability tested had improved significantly in patients who had islet transplantation compared with those patients who were on the waiting list. In conclusion, islet transplantation is able to maintain a proper glucose control and normalize glycemic variability in selected patients. A blinded retrospective CGMS is a useful method to characterize glucose homeostasis deeply in vivo in islet-transplanted patients.
Disseminated Nocardia infection in a female patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and long-term glucocorticoid use
Authors: Li Shu , Ma Qingbian , Li Shuo , Zheng Yaan , Chen Yujiao , Xie Rui , Ma Jingwei
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Nocardiosis is a rare kind of opportunistic infections. Because of its insidious onset and atypical clinical manifestations, diagnosis and early treatment are often delayed.

Case presentation:

Here we present a 60-year-old Chinese female patient with systemic Nocardia infection, who had been diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura previously and was misdiagnosed for up to 6 months prior to presenting at our hospital and ultimately achieved clinical cure.

Discussion:

The patient took prednisone because of ITP for several years which led to immunosuppression. Nocardia infection began from the skin rupture and then spread all over the body with multiple system involvement. The pus culture eventually found Nocardia. Sulphonamides have been the standard treatment for decades and there are several other options. Patients with severe Nocardia infection or immunosuppression are suggested a combined therapy.

Conclusion:

Nocardiosis is an infection that often resulted in delayed diagnosis because of lack of specificity of the clinical profile and the difficulty in culturing the bacteria. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients in which there are cutaneous, respiratory or neurological manifestations, especially in immunosuppressed individuals.
Expect amazing! Branding Qatar as a sports tourism destination
Authors: Theodoropoulou Irene , Alos Julieta
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on the ways in which, after its successful bid to host the ‘mega event’ of World Cup 2022, Qatar is branded as a sports tourism destination in the online semioscape and linguascape of sports events. The promotional multimodal digital material that Qatar has already released to launch its ambitious sports-related projects in both its English and Arabic versions is analysed from a critical perspective of multimodal discourse analysis and social semiotics, focusing on image making. This includes the strategic use of symbolic and material markers that construct Qatar as a distinctive destination offering its visitors high quality sports while also being good value for money as it brings the world to its visitors through sports, inter alia. Finally, the argument put forward is that Qatar constructs a politically appealing and distinctive campaign, oscillating between tradition-driven utopia and the remarkably transformed modern landscape of the country.
Improving ambulatory blood pressure monitoring knowledge in nurses and doctors: impact of a training intervention
Authors: Dalfó-Pibernat Artur , Dalfó Baqué Antoni , Pelegrina Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Garin Olatz , Duran Xavier , Cladellas Capdevila Mercè , Comin Colet Josep
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is fundamental to diagnosing and monitoring arterial hypertension (HTN), yet it is not known how effective training could be in improving knowledge of ABPM.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate ABPM knowledge before and after a training activity.

Methodology:

A before-and-after intervention study of 116 professionals. Data was collected on age, sex, occupational category, work setting, and work experience. ABPM knowledge was determined by a questionnaire to evaluate expertise in understanding and interpreting ABPM results.

Results:

Multivariate regression analysis showed that, pre-intervention, having more than 20 years’ experience (odds ratio (OR): 5.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–33.9; p = 0.049) and being a doctor (OR: 5.7; 95% CI: 1.8–18.3; p = 0.004) were associated with greater ABPM knowledge. Training increased the number of professionals with adequate ABPM knowledge: 85.3% after training vs 26.7% before training. Training increased the questionnaire mean (SD) score by almost 3 (1.7) points: 9 (2.2) after training vs 6.3 (2.2) before training ( p < 0.05). Of the 116 professionals, 90.5% achieved a higher overall score after training. The impact of the intervention was greatest on women nurses older than 45 years and with more years of experience, employed in primary care, and with prior experience of ABPM.

Conclusions:

Knowledge of ABPM is deficient but can be easily improved by training that is most effective in primary care and among nurses.
A Newsletter/Text Message Intervention Promoting Beverage-Related Parenting Practices: Pilot Test Results
Authors: Zahid Arwa , Reicks Marla
Published: June 2018

Positive beverage parenting practices may reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption by children and prevent potential health problems. An online newsletter/text message intervention was conducted with parents of children 6 to 12 years to improve beverage parenting practices. Newsletters and text messages were sent weekly over a 4-week period providing gain-framed messages encouraging parenting practices including role modeling and controlling home beverage availability. Pre–post surveys included measures of home availability of beverages and parent beverage intake as an indication of parenting practices. Parents were primarily White, well-educated, and female. About one third lived in rural areas. Results from 100 parents with pre–post data from baseline to 4 weeks showed decreased reported home availability of regular soda pop (p = .008), decreased parent intake of sweetened beverages (p = .004), and decreased parent-reported child intake of regular soft drinks (p = .001), and sweetened juice drink beverages (p < .0001). Most parents (82%) reported reading all three newsletters and indicated that the information provided was relevant (93%). A brief newsletter/text message intervention may be a positive and convenient approach to promote positive beverage parenting practices.
Qualitative Focus Groups: Perceived Influences on Decision Making About Diet and Physical Activity Among Hispanic/Latino Participants
Authors: Paré Elizabeth R. , Body Katherine , Gilstorf Sarah , Lucarelli Jennifer
Published: June 2018

Disparities in minority health are strongly associated with reduced access to culturally familiar food and physical activity opportunities. This qualitative study explores a Midwest, urban Hispanic/Latino community, the members’ experiences with their multidimensional environment and its influence on their nutrition and physical activity choices. Using the principles of community-based participatory research in collaboration with a trusted, local Hispanic/Latino community agency, we conducted five bilingual focus groups with a total of 46 self-selected participants (44 women and 2 men). We find that one’s perception of the environmental factors of access, convenience, affordability, and safety influence food and physical activity decision making. Findings can be used to inform interventions to enhance culturally appropriate outreach, increase food equity, and decrease health disparities.