bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customers' annual report tone and suppliers' innovation decisions: evidence from China
Authors: Xin Yingying , Zeng Xiao , Luo Zhengying
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper examines whether and how customers' annual report tone affects suppliers' innovation decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the data from disclosed information on top five customers and annual report tone by Chinese listed firms, this paper used a two-way fixed effect model and intermediary effect model tests to explore the impact of customers' annual report tone on suppliers' innovation decisions.

Findings

The results indicate that the more positive the tone of customer annual reports is, the higher the suppliers' technological innovation level. The customers' annual report tone affects suppliers' innovation decisions through alleviating financing constraints and reducing the bullwhip effect. In addition, the authors find that the worse the supplier's bargaining power and the higher the customer's media coverage, the more significant the impact of positive customer annual report tone on the level of corporate technological innovation.

Practical implications

For downstream customers, to improve the quality of their text information disclosure. For upstream suppliers, the tone of customers' annual reports has incremental information, so the attention to customers' text information should be strengthened. As far as the market is concerned, it is recommended that regulators should strictly require the quality of text information disclosure and introduce relevant penalty mechanisms better to regulate the quality of corporate text information disclosure.

Originality/value

To the best of the author's knowledge, this paper is the first to expand the research related to textual information from a supply chain innovation perspective. The textual information can provide incremental information, and spillover effects may occur among supply chains, affecting suppliers' innovation decisions. And it clarifies the specific mechanism by which the supply chain tone spillover effect affects corporate innovation, enriching the relevant research on supply chain influence mechanisms.
English teaching as an evangelical tool for two-by-two missionaries
Authors: Wargo Jennifer
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this narrative is to share insights on the little-known two-by-two evangelical sect, specifically its use of English teaching in South Korea and China as a missionary tool of conversion.

Design/methodology/approach

This narrative is written in memoir-style, with sections that analyze the author’s experiences. The analysis looks at the two-by-two sect through the lens of Gee’s Theory of Discourse.

Findings

Based on the author’s experiences as an insider for 35 years in the two-by-two evangelical sect, four of those in China and S. Korea, she discusses the use of English teaching as a missionary tool of conversion. The paper questions the ethicality of this practice.

Practical implications

The author suggests that global English teachers should carefully examine their own religiosity to make sure they are not ethically compromising opportunities for their students in an effort to create converts.

Originality/value

This paper sheds light on the global nature of the two-by-two sect, a religion that has very little written about it in the scholarly realm.
Shades of innovation: is there an East-West cultural divide in the European Union?
Authors: Akhmadi Saltanat , Tsakalerou Mariza
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Innovation output around the world is concentrated in very few economies possessing the requisite skills, knowledge and market acumen to capitalize on emerging technologies. Within the broader European Union, Central and Eastern Europe countries persistently lag in innovation rankings compared to their Western Europe counterparts. The existence of cultural barriers to innovation has been offered as an explanation for the lag, in the sense that perceptions about innovation affect innovation performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence-based analysis on whether there are divergent perceptions at the firm level between East and West.

Design/methodology/approach

The focus is on four countries with distinct socioeconomic profiles (Germany, Poland, Portugal and North Macedonia) for which innovation data of sufficient granularity exist. Using Probit analysis across the regressors of firm size, sector and innovativeness, a detailed picture of perceptions of innovation emerges naturally.

Findings

The analysis demonstrates that there is no discernible East-West cultural divide but rather a palette of shades regarding perceptions of innovation, entrenched in firm-level characteristics. Specifically, firm size colors perceptions of innovation and such perceptions in turn are moderated by whether a firm is involved or not in innovation activities.

Originality/value

A better understanding of innovation culture at the firm level is essential to drive policy interventions aiming to remove barriers to innovation. The results of this study provide sufficient clues for more refined interventions, both internal (“procedures”) and external (“policies”) to the firm, targeting well-defined size segments as well as addressing differently innovative and non-innovative companies.
The moderating impact of product shadows on ad effectiveness perceptions for gestalt versus component product frames, product presentation color, and consumer visual processing modes
Authors: Sharma Nazuk , Stock James R.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This research aims to investigate the moderating impact of product shadows in gestalt versus component product frames on ad effectiveness perceptions. It offers insights on shadow-compatible and incompatible modes of product presentation color as well as consumer visual processing modes that offer optimal advertising effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This research begins with a content analysis of some popular print magazines and builds on qualitative findings from interviews conducted with two industry executives. It then undertakes four experiments to test the proposed hypotheses following a more deductive approach.

Findings

Results reveal that incorporating product shadows increase ad effectiveness for gestalt products presented in black-and-white, but lower ad effectiveness for component products presented in color. Additionally, ad effectiveness for a gestalt (component) product presented in black-and-white (color) increases (decreases) in the presence of product shadow when consumers are currently processing in a compatible, gestalt (component) visual mode.

Research limitations/implications

In addition to extending the limited marketing research on product shadows, this research contributes to the literature studying information communication theory (ICT) and advertising effectiveness, Construal-Level Theory (CLT), Heuristic–Systematic Model (HSM) of information processing and stylistic visual cues used in advertising.

Practical implications

This research is focused on advertising effectiveness, providing a tangible outcome of interest to practitioners. An optimal use of this simple, inexpensive and stylistic ad element can help managers design effective communications without forgoing established brand equity.

Originality/value

Limited marketing research on product shadows has only looked at their impact on product luxury implications (Sharma, 2016), experiential versus functional brand evaluations (Sharma, 2018) and product heaviness perceptions (Sharma and Romero, 2020). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first to investigate specific gestalt versus component product contexts and the role of black-and-white and colored product presentations, along with specific consumer visual processing modes where shadows either increase or decrease the overall ad effectiveness.
Rethinking nonprofit service disintermediation through service communication interactions
Authors: Mitchell Sarah-Louise , Clark Moira K.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

A significant management issue for nonprofit organisations (NPOs) is the disconnect between services beneficiaries and the funders of those services. Individual donors and fundraisers provide the resources to enable other people (or animals) to be supported. The purpose of this paper is to address this service management challenge through new types of customer service interactions that bring together service donors and service recipients through innovative digital communication.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a review, and illustrated by recent examples of innovative best practice, the authors develop a new conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between customer participation and service brand communication.

Findings

The paper starts by identifying the problem of “nonprofit service disintermediation”. The paper also outlines the inadequacies of popular frameworks of communication, widely taught in business schools, to understand the new reality of customer-service organisation engagement in the digital age. Through adopting a customer engagement lens, the paper develops a new conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between customer participation and service brand communication.

Research limitations/implications

Given the authors’ focus on the intersection between new communication opportunities and customer service interactions, this paper adds novel insight to theory and raises important implications for management.

Originality/value

The paper explores how, through these new communication interactions, engagement with, and loyalty to, the brand is built over time in a fluid and dynamic way. It identifies a disintermediated relationship, distinct to other service contexts, but significant in terms of value and social impact.
Do Americans seek pleasure while Chinese care about others’ approval? Examining stereotypical utilities positioning in brand choice contexts
Authors: Friedmann Enav , Weiss-Sidi Merav , Vescovi Tiziano
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Past marketing research has found that hedonic utility is more important for Western cultures, whereas social utility is more important for Eastern cultures, suggesting differential positioning in each culture. However, the research has so far focused on a single choice context of one brand. This paper aims to examine cultural differences in utility importance using two brand choice contexts: single choice and brand selection.

Design/methodology/approach

Four studies (n = 1268) were conducted. Study 1 focused on a single choice context by asking directly about utility importance when choosing a cellphone. Study 2 focused on a brand selection context using conjoint analysis for the same cellphone category used in Study 1. To validate the results of Studies 1 and 2 with the categories of perfume, sports shoes and computers, Study 3 analyzed single and selection contexts using latent regression methods. Finally, Study 4 explored the role of cognitive load in explaining the differences between the two choice contexts using the laptop category.

Findings

The analyses of the brand selection context, which simulates real-life choice, revealed that the importance ascribed to utilities was not idiosyncratic for each culture. In contrast, single-choice contexts demonstrated stereotypical cultural differences.

Originality/value

Positioning a specific utility message to fit the culture stereotype might not be necessary, as it does not always affect brand choice in a competitive environment.
The triple helix and the quality of the startup ecosystem: a global view
Authors: Flechas Ximena Alejandra , Kazunari Takahashi Carlos , Bastos de Figueiredo Júlio César
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The ongoing business dynamics show two aspects for generating innovation: first, high-impact innovations are developed jointly by several actors, such as universities, enterprises, and governments. Second, startups are better suited to develop innovation during crises or periods of low growth as experienced at the moment. Based on these aspects and drawing on the constructs of the triple helix, this study analyzes the influence between the characteristics of the actors on the quality of the startup ecosystem from a global view.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines the cross-section data of 35 countries between 2017 and 2018 and applies the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for assessing the relationships between the triple helix on the quality of the startup ecosystem on a country-level.

Findings

The findings suggest that each actor of the triple helix individually does not positively affect the quality of the startup ecosystem. Yet, when analyzing the actors jointly by creating a second-order latent variable (i.e. triple helix), the study found out that in this way, the triple helix construct has a positive effect on the quality of the startup ecosystem.

Originality/value

Although a large body of prior literature indicates the importance of generating interrelationships among the different entities involved in ecosystems, few studies provide empirical evidence from a global perspective of the need for these entities to act in an overlapping manner. The present study supports previous research and reinforces the importance of the triple helix for a more innovative environment.
Collective foraging: Experimentally increased competition decreases group performance exploiting a permanent resource
Authors: Beltrão Patrícia , Gomes Ana Cristina R. , Cardoso Gonçalo C.
Published: April 2022

Foraging collectively offers advantages, such as access to social information on food locations, but it may also intensify competition for local resources. Social information may be most advantageous during ecologically challenging conditions, when food sources are scarce or unpredictable, which predicts more collective foraging during such conditions. Alternatively, higher within‐group competition when resources are scarce might destabilize social groups and reduce collective foraging.

To evaluate these effects, we experimentally decreased the number and predictability of food sources (feeders with ad libitum seeds) available to wild‐caught common waxbills Estrilda astrild living in a large open‐air mesocosm.

Compared to control periods, in the treatment with few food sources competitive aggressiveness at feeders increased, the social network became more fragmented, with on average weaker associations between individuals, and foraging groups became smaller. Foraging groups also spent less time per visit to the feeding area, individuals spent less time at the feeders per group visit and had to make more visits to the feeding area per day, all of which indicate less efficient exploitation of the food sources. These effects were also observed when the number of feeders changed unpredictably across days.

Even though the collective behaviour of waxbills appeared to exacerbate, rather than mitigate, the ecological challenges of reduced or unpredictable food sources, we suggest that, in nature, this increased aggressiveness and fragmentation of the social network may function adaptively as an early trigger to explore alternative foraging locations before local food sources are severely depleted.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans in patients with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Bralet Marie‐Cécile , Mitelman Serge A. , Goodman Chelain R. , Lincoln Samantha , Hazlett Erin A. , Buchsbaum Monte S.
Published: April 2022

Background

Diminished uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been observed in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) but little statistical contrast of the regional brain deficits has been undertaken. This study examined prefrontal cortex inter‐regional Brodmann area differences to delineate patterns associated with behavioral, neurotransmitter, and general toxicity hypotheses of cerebral involvement in AUD.

Methods

We obtained data from FDG positron emission tomography (PET) and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 87 patients with AUD and 41 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Patients were alcohol dependent and had negative breathalyzer tests at the time of imaging. They were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, Spielberger State/Trait Anxiety Scale, Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory, and the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC). PET images were co‐registered to MRI and both voxel × voxel statistical mapping and stereotaxic regions of interest were obtained.

Results

Compared with healthy volunteers, patients with AUD had lower relative metabolic rates in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, localizable most prominently to the dorsolateral and nearly all orbital prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule. In contrast, metabolic rates in the medial orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, and the subcortical structures (thalamus, cerebellum, ventral striatum, and the dorsal raphe nucleus) in patients were significantly greater. The severity of alcohol‐related consequences as assessed by the DrInC scale was most highly associated with lower metabolism in the caudate, dorsolateral prefrontal, frontopolar, and anteroposterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions

Despite widespread metabolic abnormalities, decreases in AUD were most marked in frontal executive areas, consistent with diminished impulse control, and increases were most prominent in the striatum and cingulate areas, consistent with a suppressed reward system.
Peritoneal natural killer cell chemotaxis is decreased in women with pelvic endometriosis
Authors: Ushiwaka Takashi , Yamamoto Shinpei , Yoshii Chika , Hashimoto Shoko , Tsuzuki Tamami , Taniguchi Kayo , Izumiya Chiaki , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Maeda Nagamasa
Published: April 2022

Problem

NK cell and macrophage function are decreased in endometriosis, and the disease may involve reduced immune surveillance in the peritoneal cavity. NK cell cytotoxicity and migration ability (chemotaxis) are considered important; the former has been investigated, but the latter has not.

Method of study

We compared chemotaxis of immunocompetent cells (NK cells, macrophages, T cells) in peritoneal fluid obtained during laparoscopy in 27 women with and 13 without endometriosis. Peripheral blood NK cells were also obtained by the peripheral blood antibody beads method. Micro‐cultured cells were examined by time‐lapse photography, and the mean migration speed per cell was calculated as the chemotaxis. We investigated the relationship between chemotaxis and endometriosis.

Results

NK cell chemotaxis was significantly lower in the endometriosis group. Macrophages and lymphocytes were not significantly different between the groups. During menstruation, NK cell chemotaxis decreased in both groups. Postmenstrual chemotaxis was increased significantly in women without endometriosis but remained low in women with endometriosis. The Revised‐American Society for Reproductive Medicine score was not correlated with chemotaxis; in women with endometriosis, chemotaxis was decreased even at early stages. Peripheral blood NK cells showed no significant differences.

Conclusions

In women with endometriosis, not only cytotoxicity but also chemotaxis by NK cells in peritoneal cavity is significantly decreased, and particularly chemotaxis is decreased throughout the menstrual cycle. Therefore, antigens in retrograde menstrual blood that enters the peritoneal cavity might be left unprocessed. Repetition of this immune process in the peritoneal cavity may lead to the onset and subsequent progression of endometriosis.
Power and responsibility: How different sources of CEO power affect firms' corporate social responsibility practices
Authors: Jia Xingping , Liao Shudi , Van der Heijden Beatrice , Li Wenqian
Published: April 2022

Does greater CEO power come with more responsibility? Previous scholarly work in this field entails divergent results on this question. Based on the upper echelons theory and CEO power literature, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying how different sources of CEO power, including structural, ownership, expert, and prestige power, affect firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and whether such relationships are moderated by firm visibility. Using a panel dataset comprising 6604 yearly observations of Chinese publicly traded firms from 2009 to 2019, we found that structural power is negatively related to CSR practices and that expert power is positively related to CSR practices, whereas ownership power and prestige power have no direct relationship with CSR practices. Our results show that firm visibility weakens the negative relationship between structural power and CSR practices and strengthens the relationship between expert power and CSR practices, respectively. Overall, this study reconciles the mixed results of previous studies on the impact of CEO power on CSR and integrates the effect of firm visibility as a contextual factor. This article concludes with practical recommendations on how to manage CSR engagement.
Autonomy concerns with using contracts to enhance patient adherence
Authors: Strassle Camila Losada , Schwan Ben , Berkman Benjamin E.
Published: April 2022

The failure of many patients with chronic conditions to correctly follow medical advice that they hope or intend to follow is a major concern, especially as effective long‐term therapies for chronic conditions materialize. Some US healthcare providers have responded with strategies that involve implementing contracts with their patients, including provisions that may deny future treatments after continued nonadherence. This is among the first articles to explicitly discuss the ethics of patient contracts.
‘Now that I am connected this isn't social isolation, this is engaging with people’: Staying connected during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Spassiani Natasha A. , Becaj Mojca , Miller Clare , Hiddleston Andrew , Hume Aaron , Tait Stephan
Published: April 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 global pandemic has put adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities at greater risk of being socially excluded due to physical distancing. Technology has been looked at as a tool for adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities to stay connected, however, little is known about this topic. The purpose of this study was to explore how a grassroots disability organisation used technology to help adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities feel socially connected during the pandemic.

Methods

Data were collected through questionnaires, attendance records, and field notes; and analysed through trend and thematic analysis.

Findings

Four main themes emerged from the data: active leadership, mental wellbeing, technology/digital inclusion, and safety.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that when participants overcome technological barriers they found it easy to socially connect online during lockdown.
A framework to integrate innovations in invasion science for proactive management
Authors: van Rees Charles B. , Hand Brian K. , Carter Sean C. , Bargeron Chuck , Cline Timothy J. , Daniel Wesley , Ferrante Jason A. , Gaddis Keith , Hunter Margaret E. , Jarnevich Catherine S. , McGeoch Melodie A. , Morisette Jeffrey T. , Neilson Matthew E. , Roy Helen E. , Rozance Mary Ann , Sepulveda Adam , Wallace Rebekah D. , Whited Diane , Wilcox Taylor , Kimball John S. , Luikart Gordon
Published: April 2022

Invasive alien species (IAS) are a rising threat to biodiversity, national security, and regional economies, with impacts in the hundreds of billions of U.S. dollars annually. Proactive or predictive approaches guided by scientific knowledge are essential to keeping pace with growing impacts of invasions under climate change. Although the rapid development of diverse technologies and approaches has produced tools with the potential to greatly accelerate invasion research and management, innovation has far outpaced implementation and coordination. Technological and methodological syntheses are urgently needed to close the growing implementation gap and facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration and synergy among evolving disciplines. A broad review is necessary to demonstrate the utility and relevance of work in diverse fields to generate actionable science for the ongoing invasion crisis. Here, we review such advances in relevant fields including remote sensing, epidemiology, big data analytics, environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling, genomics, and others, and present a generalized framework for distilling existing and emerging data into products for proactive IAS research and management. This integrated workflow provides a pathway for scientists and practitioners in diverse disciplines to contribute to applied invasion biology in a coordinated, synergistic, and scalable manner.
‘This battle, between your gut feeling and your mind. Try to find the right balance’: Parental experiences of children with spinal muscular atrophy during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Oude Lansink Irene L. B. , van Stam P. C. Carolien , Schafrat Eline C. W. M. , Mocking Manouk , Prins S. Dido , Beelen Anita , Cuppen Inge , van der Pol W. Ludo , Gorter Jan Willem , Ketelaar Marjolijn
Published: April 2022

Aims

Parents of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) often struggle with the all‐consuming nature of the demands of caring for a child with substantial physical needs. Our aim was to explore experiences, challenges and needs of parents of a child with SMA in a COVID‐19 pandemic situation.

Method

Nineteen parents of 21 children (15 months to 13 years of age) with SMA types 1–3 participated in semi‐structured interviews in June to July 2020. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Parents mentioned the protection of the health and well‐being of the child as the central perspective and driving force during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Three subthemes were identified: (1) responsibility, (2) balancing vulnerability and resilience and (3) (in)security.

Some parents focused on the positive aspects during the lockdown, such as continuation of nusinersen treatment and family life. Some parents described helpful and positive cognitions to cope with the situation. In general, parents described a need for information with regard to COVID‐19 and their child with SMA and a need for discussing their dilemmas and insecurities with a healthcare professional.

Interpretation

Parents put the health and well‐being of their children first during the pandemic. From this study, we learned that parents of children with SMA need information and value direct contact with a healthcare professional to share their dilemmas and insecurities. The dialogue can help to empower parents in the conflicts and decisions they have to make during a pandemic.
Immune cell subsets in interface cutaneous immune‐related adverse events associated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy resemble acute graft versus host disease more than lichen planus
Authors: Almodovar Cruz Guillermo E. , Kaunitz Genevieve , Stein Julie E. , Sander Inbal , Hollmann Travis , Cottrell Tricia R. , Taube Janis M. , Sunshine Joel C.
Published: April 2022

Background

Checkpoint immunotherapy is frequently associated with cutaneous immune‐related adverse events (cirAEs), and among those, the most common subtype shows interface reaction patterns that have been likened to lichen planus (LP); however, cutaneous acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) may be a closer histopathologic comparator. We used quantitative pathology to compare the immunologic composition of anti‐PD‐1‐associated interface reactions to LP and aGVHD to assess for similarities and differences between these cutaneous eruptions.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD68, PD‐1, and PD‐L1 was performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue from patients with anti‐PD‐1 interface cirAEs (n = 4), LP (n = 9), or aGVHD (n = 5). Densities of immune cell subsets expressing each marker were quantified using the HALO image analysis immune cell module. Plasma cell and eosinophil density were quantified on routine H&E slides.

Results

Specimens from patients with anti‐PD‐1 interface cirAEs showed equivalent total cell densities and immune cell composition to those with aGVHD. Patients with LP showed higher total immune cell infiltration, higher absolute T‐cell densities, increased CD8 proportion, and reduced histiocytic component. The cases with the highest plasma cell counts were all anti‐PD‐1 interface cirAEs and aGVHD.

Conclusion

The composition of immune cell subsets in anti‐PD‐1 interface cirAEs more closely resembles the immune response seen in aGVHD than LP within our cohort. This warrants a closer look via advanced analytics and may have implications for shared pathogenesis and potential treatment options.
Looking through different lenses at neonatal brachial plexus injuries
Authors: Bahm Jörg
Published: April 2022

This commentary is on the original article by Portwood et al. on pages 1254–1261
of this issue.
Erenumab in chronic migraine: Experience from a UK tertiary centre and comparison with other real‐world evidence
Authors: Khalil Modar , Moreno‐Ajona David , Villar‐Martínez María Dolores , Greenwood Fiona , Hoffmann Jan , Goadsby Peter J.
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose

Chronic migraine is a highly disabling primary headache disorder that is the most common diagnosis of patients seen at tertiary headache centres. Typical oral preventive therapies are associated with many limitations that impact their therapeutic utility. Erenumab was the first available calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibody in the UK. It had proven efficacy in migraine prevention in clinical trials and limited real‐world data in tertiary settings.

Methods

We audited our first 92 patients (n = 73 females) with severely disabling chronic migraine who were given monthly erenumab 70 mg sc for 6 months between December 2018 and December 2019.

Results

At 3 months, monthly migraine days were significantly reduced by a median of 4 days, and all other variables also showed significant improvement. The improvement was not affected by baseline analgesic use status. More than half of our patients experienced a clinically meaningful improvement in migraine days. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Our real‐world data with erenumab demonstrate it is effective and well tolerated in managing patients with chronic migraine in a tertiary care setting.
Host mixtures for plant disease control: Benefits from pathogen selection and immune priming
Authors: Clin Pauline , Grognard Frédéric , Andrivon Didier , Mailleret Ludovic , Hamelin Frédéric M.
Published: April 2022

Multiline and cultivar mixtures are highly effective methods for agroecological plant disease control. Priming‐induced cross protection, occurring when plants are challenged by avirulent pathogen genotypes and resulting in increased resistance to subsequent infection by virulent ones, is one critical key to their lasting performance against polymorphic pathogen populations. Strikingly, this mechanism was until recently absent from mathematical models aiming at designing optimal host mixtures. We developed an epidemiological model to explore the effect of host mixtures composed of variable numbers of single‐resistance cultivars on the equilibrium prevalence of the disease caused by pathogen populations polymorphic for virulence complexity. This model shows that a relatively large amount of resistance genes must be deployed to achieve low disease prevalence, as pathogen competition in mixtures tends to select for intermediate virulence complexity. By contrast, priming significantly reduces the number of plant genotypes needed to drop disease prevalence below an acceptable threshold. Given the limited availability of resistance genes in cultivars, this mechanism of plant immunity should be assessed when designing host mixtures.
Homeless women Don't wear Prada: The geographies of beauty standards and the bodies of homeless women
Authors: Earle‐Brown Harriet
Published: April 2022

Mainstream society expects women to look and behave in particular ways. Women are expected to adhere to conventional Western beauty standards of grooming, fashionable clothing, and hygiene. They are also traditionally associated with the home, homemaking and being indoors. The bodies of homeless women transgress in both ways: through lacking the resources to engage in the body work which would allow them to adhere to the beauty standards; and through lacking a home and predominantly being outdoors. This in turn, results in particular stigmatization for homeless women, who have unique experiences of homelessness. A lack of gendered literature has left many of these experiences underdiscussed, and even those approaches which do focus on gender, rarely account for other social differences such as race, age, and sexuality. This paper extends existing debates by arguing that framing homelessness through beauty standards and embodiment enables a new and more nuanced understanding of homelessness, which is not only gendered, but also allows for the acknowledgement of other intersectional difference, such as race, age, sexuality, and disability. It concludes that future research into homelessness should not only account for gender but should take an intersectional approach to consider the ways that homelessness is not one universal experience.
Choosing between a dichotomy of methods in stratigraphy
Authors: Lunt Peter , Luan Xiwu
Published: April 2022

An overview of stratigraphical methods here focusses on the tectonically active basins of Southeast Asia, where studies over the past three decades have tried to adopt global methods. Unfortunately, these attempts inevitably moved towards a hybrid method that is argued to be neither satisfactory or even scientific. It is proposed that, in order to understand a complex area controlled by tectonism, a paradigm shift to a fully inductive, or evidence‐based methodology is required. Initial attempts to do this are improving our understanding of the sedimentary geology, as well as enhancing plate tectonic reconstructions and mechanisms.
Development and content validity of the Experienced Patient‐Centeredness Questionnaire (EPAT)—A best practice example for generating patient‐reported measures from qualitative data
Authors: Christalle Eva , Zeh Stefan , Hahlweg Pola , Kriston Levente , Härter Martin , Zill Jördis , Scholl Isabelle
Published: April 2022

Introduction

To effectively foster patient‐centeredness (PC), it is crucial to measure its implementation. So far, there is no German measure to assess PC comprehensively. The aim of this study is to develop and select items for the Experienced Patient‐Centeredness (EPAT) Questionnaire, a patient‐reported experience measure (PREM). The EPAT intends to assess PC from the perspective of adult patients treated for different chronic diseases in inpatient and outpatient settings in Germany. Furthermore, we aim at providing a best‐practice example for developing PREMs from qualitative data.

Methods

The development process comprised a three‐phase mixed‐method design: (1) preparation, (2) item generation and (3) item selection and testing of content validity. We generated items using qualitative content analysis based on information from focus groups, key informant interviews and literature search. We selected items using relevance rating and cognitive interviews. Participants were patients from four chronic disease groups (cancer, cardiovascular disease, mental disorder, musculoskeletal disorder) and healthcare experts (e.g., clinicians, researchers, patient representatives).

Results

We conducted six focus groups with a total of 40 patients, key informant interviews with 10 experts and identified 48 PREMs from international literature. After team discussion, we reached a preliminary pool of 152 items. We conducted a relevance rating with 32 experts and 34 cognitive interviews with 21 patients. We selected 125 items assessing 16 dimensions of PC and showed high relevance and comprehensibility.

Conclusions

The EPAT questionnaire is currently undergoing psychometric testing. The transparent step‐by‐step report provides a best practice example that other researchers may consider for developing PREMs. Integrating literature and experts with a strong focus on patient feedback ensured good content validity. The EPAT questionnaire will be helpful in assessing PC in routine clinical practice in inpatient and outpatient settings for research and quality improvement.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients were not involved as active members of the research team. While developing the funding proposal, we informally reached out to several patient organizations who all gave us positive feedback on the study aims, thereby confirming their relevance. Those patient organizations endorsed the funding proposal with formal letters of support and supported recruitment by disseminating advertisements for study participation.
Assessment of technological attributes of autochthonous starter cultures in Turkish dry fermented sausage (sucuk)
Authors: Kaban Güzin , Sallan Selen , Çinar Topçu Kübra , Sayın Börekçi Bilge , Kaya Mükerrem
Published: April 2022

The study aims to evaluate the technological properties of autochthonous strains (Lactobacillus sakei S15, Lactobacillus plantarum S24, L. plantarum S91, Pediococcus pentosaceus S128b and Staphylococcus carnosus G109) in Turkish dry fermented sausage (sucuk). After 24 h of fermentaPtion, all lactic acid bacteria strains reduced the pH to below 5.0, while the pH in the control group was above 5.3. The number of lactic acid bacteria strains reached 108–109 cfu g−1 during fermentation. Staphylococcus carnosus G109 remained at the inoculation level of 106 cfu g−1 during ripening. Lactobacillus sakei S15 as mono‐culture showed higher TBARS values compared to other strains. The control group had the lowest L* value and autochthonous strains caused no significant difference for a* value. According to principal component analysis results, most volatile compounds were positively correlated with the group containing only L. sakei S15.
Comparative compositional and functional characterisation of rye varieties and novel industrial milling fractions
Authors: Jaksics Edina , Németh Renáta , Farkas Alexandra , Horváth Réka , Dúzs Dániel , Drozdik Álmos Attila , Csányi Brigitta , Bidló Gábor , Simon Katalin , Tömösközi Sándor
Published: April 2022

This work aimed to collect and study all milling fractions generated during an industrial rye milling technology and to select nutritionally promising subfractions for further investigations (chemical composition and rheological behaviour) also considering their yield. To investigate the varietal effect, four rye samples were examined and applied in the milling experiments. The results showed great variability of technological properties (mainly in viscous behaviour) among rye samples. Generally, subfractions had higher protein, lipid, total and soluble dietary fibre content than white flours, and several subfractions provided higher values even than wholemeal flours. Significant differences were found between the fractions in the mixing and viscous behaviour, which could be explained principally by the variable dietary fibre content and composition, however, the effect of protein content was found also prominent. The results pointed out that alternative milling products with favourable composition and technological properties can be produced by collecting appropriate subfractions.
Degree of oxidation of sonicated soybean oil using various sonication process parameters
Authors: Lee Juhee , Legako Jerrad F. , Martini Silvana
Published: April 2022

This research aimed to examine the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) on the oxidation of soybean oil (SBO). Samples (5, 100, and 250 g) were sonicated at 25 °C using various sonication conditions: power level (settings 1, 5, and 9), tip size (12.7, 3.2, and 2 mm), and duration (5, 10, and 60 s). After sonication, the degree of oxidation of samples (sonicated and non‐sonicated SBO) were analysed using peroxide value (PV), oil stability index (OSI), and volatile compounds. Sonication was applied to obtain a range of absolute power (0–123.5 W), power density (0–14.2 W cm−3), and power intensity (0–1,120 W cm−2) values. The highest power density and power intensity were obtained with the highest HIU setting with the 3.2 mm tip. The highest power was obtained when HIU was applied using a 12.7 mm tip and setting 9 in 250 g of sample. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in PV (0.20 ± 0.01 mEq kg−1) nor OSI (10.05 ± 0.04 h), among the various sonication conditions tested. In addition, no differences were observed in the volatile compounds obtained. These results show that HIU can be used under mild sonication conditions such as the ones needed to change the physical properties of lipids without causing oxidative deterioration.
Identification of the miRNAs and their target genes involved in fresh‐cut potato browning inhibition by nitrogen
Authors: Wang Lihua , Wang Wenjun , Wang Qingjun , Tang Tiantian , Liu Wenrui , Wang Zhidong , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2022

Browning decreases the quality and shortens the shelf life of fresh‐cut potato, causing enormous economic losses. This study indicated that nitrogen treatment could inhibit this browning process. However, whether microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in inhibiting the fresh‐cut potato browning by nitrogen remains unclear. Therefore, nine small RNA libraries were constructed and performed high‐throughput sequencing using fresh‐cut potatoes from control and nitrogen‐treated for 1 h groups at 25 °C to identify the miRNAs and their target genes involved in fresh‐cut potato browning inhibition by nitrogen. The results revealed that four common differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified as associated with browning. The correlation analysis indicated that fresh‐cut potato browning was closely related to the expression of DEmiRNAs and their potential target genes. The miR172d targeting APETALA2/ethylene response factor and phospholipase D, miR482e targeting ATPase GET3‐like, and PC‐3p‐17015_391 targeting stachyose synthase are vital in the nitrogen inhibited fresh‐cut potato browning by regulating the ethylene signalling pathway, membrane lipid metabolic process, ATPase activity, and carbohydrate metabolic process. This study provides new insights into fresh‐cut potato browning inhibition and helps to improve the quality of fresh‐cut potato using nitrogen.
Performance pay, working hours, and health‐related absenteeism
Authors: DeVaro Jed
Published: April 2022

Analysis of broad, U.K. worker‐establishment matched panel data from 2004 to 2011 reveals that working hours increase with the fraction of an establishment's workers receiving performance‐based pay, if the cutoff for “long weekly hours” is from 35 to 39, but not beyond a sharp discontinuity at 40. Long hours are found to be unrelated to various workplace health problems but positively related to health‐related absenteeism. Combined with complementary research on hours and productivity, the results suggest that the well‐known productivity enhancements from performance pay are dampened by exhaustion‐induced absenteeism stemming from additional working hours and higher per‐hour work intensity.
Arksey and O′Malleyʼs consultation exercise in scoping reviews: A critical review
Authors: Buus Niels , Nygaard Lene , Berring Lene Lauge , Hybholt Lisbeth , Kamionka Stine Lundstrøm , Rossen Camilla Blach , Søndergaard Rikke , Juel Anette
Published: April 2022

Aims

To explore how consultation exercises were described in a convenience sample of recent scoping reviews.

Design

Critical literature review.

Data sources

We searched PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and PubMed in July 2020. Our inclusion criterion was a peer‐reviewed journal article reporting a scoping review in Danish, English, Norwegian or Swedish.

Review methods

We identified a convenience sample of articles (n = 66) reporting a consultation exercise as part of a scoping review. The descriptions of the consultation were charted, summarized and critically discussed.

Results

The current analysis showed no widely accepted consensus on how to approach and report a consultation exercise in the sample of scoping reviews. The reports of stakeholder consultation processes were often brief and general, and often there were no reports of the effects of the stakeholder consultation processes. Further, there was no discussion of the principal theoretical problems mixing stakeholder voices and review findings.

Conclusion

The finding that conventional research ethics and research methods often were suspended could indicate that the stakeholder consultants were in a precarious position because of power imbalances between researchers and stakeholder consultants. We suggest that a consultation exercise should only be included when it genuinely invites participation and reports on the effect of alternative voices.

Impact

Scoping reviews are common across a range of disciplines, but they often lack definitional and methodological clarity. In their influential approach to scoping studies, Arksey and OʼMalley introduced an optional ‘consultation exercise’, which has been heralded as a valuable tool that can be used to strengthen the process and outcome of a scoping study and to support the dissemination of the studyʼs findings and its implications. However, there is no clear outline on about how to operationalize consultations of stakeholders in scoping studies/reviews. This article includes recommendations for consultation exercises, including encouraging an aspirational move from ‘consultation’ to ‘participation’.
Comparison of the efficacy of different techniques to seal the alveolus during alveolar ridge preservation: Meta‐regression and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Martins João Roig , Wagner Tassiane Panta , Vallim Ana Carolina , Konflanz Willian , Schwendicke Falk , Celeste Roger Keller , Haas Alex Nogueira
Published: April 2022

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of different techniques to seal the alveolus (flap advancement [FA], open healing with barrier [OHB], and open healing without barrier [OHNB]) during alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in terms of horizontal ridge width resorption.

Materials and Methods

Randomized trials of at least 2 months duration comparing at least two techniques to seal the alveolus against each other or against spontaneous healing (SH) were eligible. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central. Conventional meta‐analysis, meta‐regression, and network meta‐analysis (NMA) were conducted, with clinical and tomographic ridge width changes as outcomes. Predictive intervals (95% PI) were reported.

Results

Twenty‐two studies were included, accounting for 52 study arms. Meta‐regression identified that the socket sealing technique and publication year explained the observed heterogeneity. NMA showed that FA and OHB led to significantly lower ridge resorption than SH, resulting in 1.18 mm (95% PI 0.21–2.13) and 1.10 mm (95% PI 0.49–1.69) wide alveolar ridges, respectively. No significant difference between OHNB and SH was found (0.46 mm, 95% PI –0.70 to 1.64). The treatment with the largest probability for ARP was FA (52.7%), followed by OHB (39.1%) and OHNB (8.2%).

Conclusions

FA and OHB are efficacious techniques to seal the alveolus during ARP.
The Role of Regulation and Bank Competition in Small Firm Financing: Evidence from the Community Reinvestment Act
Authors: AVRAMIDIS PANAGIOTIS , PENNACCHI GEORGE , SERFES KONSTANTINOS , WU KEJIA
Published: April 2022

This paper analyzes how regulation that promotes greater access to bank credit, such as the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), impacts the financing of small firms. It finds that when areas become CRA‐eligible, the likelihood of bank lending to local small firms increases and firms reduce late trade credit payments, consistent with loans allowing small firms to pay trade credit more promptly and avoid late payment fees. The effect is more profound in low‐ and moderate‐income areas where financial constraints are tighter due to low bank competition. The effect is also larger for small firms that operate in trade credit‐dependent industries.