bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annual Incidence of Dementia from 2003 to 2018 in Metropolitan Seoul, Korea: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Kwon Hyuk Sung , Jeong Yong Whi , Kim Seung Hyun , Park Kee Hyung , Seo Sang Won , Na Hae Ri , Koh Seong-Ho , Shim YongSoo , Park Moon Ho , Chin Juhee , Park Sojeong , Kang Dae Ryong , Choi Hojin
Published: February 2022

National dementia plans were applied in dementia support centers established in Seoul, Korea between 2007 and 2009. However, the annual incidence rates of dementia in Seoul have not been reported. We investigated this annual incidence and the characteristics of incident cases from 2003 to 2018. The customized research database of the Korean National Health Insurance Services was used. The annual crude and age-standardized incidence of dementia patients and their characteristics were analyzed. This study analyzed 108,596 incident dementia cases aged ≥60 years. The incidence rate increased from 2003 to 2011, including a rapid increment from 2007 to 2011. From 2011 to 2018, the crude (age-standardized) incidence per 105 person-years decreased from 641.51 (577.12) to 448.26 (361.23). The proportion of incident dementia cases was highest in the highest income group every year. However, the proportion of incident dementia cases in the lowest income group increased from 10.4% in 2003 to 25.8% in 2011. The annual incidence rate of dementia showed a sharp increase immediately after 2007, the year dementia support centers began to be introduced, and then stabilized after 2011. The characteristics of incident dementia cases have changed, including the proportion in the low-income group.
Clinical Utility of 4C Mortality Scores among Japanese COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Ocho Kazuki , Hagiya Hideharu , Hasegawa Kou , Fujita Kouji , Otsuka Fumio
Published: February 2022

Background: We analyzed data from COVID-19 patients in Japan to assess the utility of the 4C mortality score as compared with conventional scorings. Methods: In this multicenter study, COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 2020 and June 2021, over 16 years old, were recruited. The superiority for correctly predicting mortality and severity by applying the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was compared. A Cox regression model was used to compare the length of hospitalization for each risk group of 4C mortality score. Results: Among 206 patients, 21 patients died. The area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidential interval (CI)) of the ROC curve for mortality and severity, respectively, of 4C mortality scores (0.84 (95% CI 0.76–0.92) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.80–0.91)) were higher than those of qSOFA (0.66 (95% CI 0.53–0.78) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.59–0.75)), SOFA (0.70 (95% CI 0.55–0.84) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.74–0.89)), A-DROP (0.78 (95% CI 0.69–0.88) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.74–0.88)), and CURB-65 (0.82 (95% CI 0.74–0.90) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.76–0.88)). For length of hospitalization among survivors, the intermediate- and high- or very high-risk groups had significantly lower hazard ratios, i.e., 0.48 (95% CI 0.30–0.76)) and 0.23 (95% CI 0.13–0.43) for discharge. Conclusions: The 4C mortality score is better for estimating mortality and severity in COVID-19 Japanese patients than other scoring systems.
Fungal Infections and Nail Psoriasis: An Update
Authors: Kyriakou Aikaterini , Zagalioti Sofia-Chrysovalantou , Trakatelli Myrto-Georgia , Fotiadou Christina , Apalla Zoe , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Patsatsi Aikaterini
Published: February 2022

The relationship between psoriasis and onychomycosis is controversial, and the exact nature of this association remains to be clearly elucidated. In healthy nails, the compact nail plate acts as a barrier, preventing any infection. In psoriatic nails, the nail plate involvement, together with abnormalities in the blood capillaries, may lead to decreased natural defenses against microorganisms. Moreover, onycholysis (detachment of the nail plate) induces a humid environment that may favor fungal proliferation. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs may additionally enhance onychomycosis. In this comprehensive review, we present data regarding the incidence and pathogenic action of dermatophytes and other fungi in the development of fungal infection in psoriatic nails.
SACGNet: A Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Bearing with Self-Attention Augmented Convolution GRU Network
Authors: Xu Juan , Duan Shiyu , Chen Weiwei , Wang Dongfeng , Fan Yuqi
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the development of deep learning-based remaining useful life (RUL) prediction methods of bearings has flourished because of their high accuracy, easy implementation, and lack of reliance on a priori knowledge. However, there are two challenging issues concerning the prediction accuracy of existing methods. The run-to-failure sequential data and its RUL labels are almost inaccessible in real-world scenarios. Meanwhile, the existing models usually capture the general degradation trend of bearings while ignoring the local information, which restricts the model performance. To tackle the aforementioned problems, we propose a novel health indicator derived from the original vibration signals by combining principal components analysis with Euclidean distance metric, which was motivated by the desire to resolve the dependency on RUL labels. Then, we design a novel self-attention augmented convolution GRU network (SACGNet) to predict the RUL. Combining a self-attention mechanism with a convolution framework can both adaptively assign greater weights to more important information and focus on local information. Furthermore, Gated Recurrent Units are used to parse the long-term dependencies in weighted features such that SACGNet can utilize the important weighted features and focus on local features to improve the prognostic accuracy. The experimental results on the PHM 2012 Challenge dataset and the XJTU-SY bearing dataset have demonstrated that our proposed method is superior to the state of the art.
Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM) of Pure Tungsten: Metallurgical Defects, Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ren Xin , Peng Hui , Li Jingli , Liu Hailin , Huang Liming , Yi Xin
Published: February 2022

Effects of processing parameters on the metallurgical defects, microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of pure tungsten samples fabricated by selective electron beam melting are investigated. SEBM-fabricated bulk tungsten samples with features of lack of fusion, sufficient fusion, and over-melting are examined. For samples upon sufficient fusion, an ultimate compressive strength of 1.76 GPa is achieved at the volumetric energy density of 900 J/mm3–1000 J/mm3. The excellent compressive strength is higher and the associated volumetric energy density is significantly lower than corresponding reported values in the literature. The average relative density of SEBM-fabricated samples is 98.93%. No microcracks, but only pores with diameters of few tens of micrometers, are found in SEBM-ed tungsten samples of sufficient fusion. Properties of samples by SEBM and selective laser melting (SLM) have also been compared. It is found that SLM-fabricated samples exhibit inevitable microcracks, and have a significantly lower ultimate compressive strength and a slightly lower relative density of 98.51% in comparison with SEBM-ed samples.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low- and Medium-Carbon Si-Rich Low-Alloy Steels Processed by Austemping after Intercritical Annealing
Authors: Jia Xin , Zhao Ting , Wang Lin , Sun Xiaowen , Wang Yuefeng , Wang Tiansheng
Published: February 2022

In the present paper, the designed thermomechanical process was applied to prepare ferrite/bainite multiphase microstructures in Si-rich low-alloy steel with a carbon content of 0.33 wt.% (0.33C) and 0.21 wt.% (0.21C). The microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and electron backscatter diffraction, and the mechanical properties (tensile and impact properties) were tested. The results showed that, on the premise of obtaining 15 vol.% ferrite in both steels, the ferrite grains in the 0.33C steel were polygonal with an average grain size of 2.2 μm, recrystallized more completely. However, the ferrite grains in the 0.21C steel were mainly long strip-shaped with a width of 2–4 μm, and the recrystallization degree was poor. In addition, upon increasing the austempering temperature, bainite ferrite laths were formed in the 0.33C steel, and the thickness was in the range of 81–123 nm. The morphology of bainite ferrite in the 0.21C steel gradually changed from lath to granular. Upon increasing the austempering temperature, the tensile strength and yield strength of both steels increased and the elongation decreased slightly. The impact energy of the two steels showed different trends upon increasing the austempering temperature, in which the impact energy of the 0.33C steel increased, while that of the 0.21C steel decreased. This is due to the difference size of the martensite-austenite constituents in the two steels.
Effect of the Computational Model and Mesh Strategy on the Springback Prediction of the Sandwich Material
Authors: Solfronk Pavel , Sobotka Jiří , Koreček David
Published: February 2022

The effect of the computational model and mesh strategy on the springback prediction of the thin sandwich material made of micro-alloyed steel was investigated in this paper. To verify the chosen computational strategy, a comparison of the experimentally obtained specimen (U-bending) with the FEA result was performed. The Vegter yield criterion combined both with the isotropic and kinematic hardening law was used for the calculation. In addition, the effect of the deformation mesh element (surface and volume) on the accuracy of the springback prediction was investigated. It was concluded that the choice of the volume deformation mesh does not significantly improve the accuracy of the results. Moreover, it is quite a time-consuming approach. The much greater influence was monitored by concerning the selection of hardening law, where the anisotropic one was more suitable to be used on the springback prediction of a given sandwich material.
Numerical Simulation of the Lightning Leader Development and Upward Leader Initiation for Rotating Wind Turbine
Authors: Yu Wanshui , Li Qingmin , Zhao Jiyao , Siew Wah Hoon
Published: February 2022

Lightning accidents seriously threaten safe operation of wind turbines because the influence mechanisms of wind turbine rotation on corona and upward leader initiation are, so far, not clear. A three-dimensional stochastic evolution model of the lightning downward leader was established by combining the dielectric breakdown model and the lightning current shunt method, according to which the charge density distribution of leader branches was determined. The corona and leader initiation mechanisms of rotating wind turbine were studied based on the 3D drift and diffusion model of ion flow in the neighboring space of a rotating wind turbine. The results show that due to blade rotation, the charged particles are unevenly distributed near the blade tip and the contours are in a strip-like shape. As the rotating speed increases, the blade tip is more susceptible to initiating corona discharge. Combining the three-dimensional stochastic development model of the lightning downward leader and ion distribution model near a rotating wind turbine, the initiation direction of the upward leader was analyzed, and in 66% of cases, the initiation direction of the upward leader on the blade tip was on the back side of the blade rotation.
Lipophilic Toxins in Chile: History, Producers and Impacts
Authors: Díaz Patricio A. , Álvarez Gonzalo , Pizarro Gemita , Blanco Juan , Reguera Beatriz
Published: February 2022

A variety of microalgal species produce lipophilic toxins (LT) that are accumulated by filter-feeding bivalves. Their negative impacts on human health and shellfish exploitation are determined by toxic potential of the local strains and toxin biotransformations by exploited bivalve species. Chile has become, in a decade, the world’s major exporter of mussels (Mytilus chilensis) and scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) and has implemented toxin testing according to importing countries’ demands. Species of the Dinophysis acuminata complex and Protoceratium reticulatum are the most widespread and abundant LT producers in Chile. Dominant D. acuminata strains, notwithstanding, unlike most strains in Europe rich in okadaic acid (OA), produce only pectenotoxins, with no impact on human health. Dinophysis acuta, suspected to be the main cause of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning outbreaks, is found in the two southernmost regions of Chile, and has apparently shifted poleward. Mouse bioassay (MBA) is the official method to control shellfish safety for the national market. Positive results from mouse tests to mixtures of toxins and other compounds only toxic by intraperitoneal injection, including already deregulated toxins (PTXs), force unnecessary harvesting bans, and hinder progress in the identification of emerging toxins. Here, 50 years of LST events in Chile, and current knowledge of their sources, accumulation and effects, are reviewed. Improvements of monitoring practices are suggested, and strategies to face new challenges and answer the main questions are proposed.
Mitigative Effects of PFF-A Isolated from Ecklonia cava on Pigmentation in a Zebrafish Model and Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells
Authors: Je Jun-Geon , Jiang Yunfei , Heo Jun-Ho , Li Xining , Jeon You-Jin , Ryu Bo-Mi
Published: February 2022

Melanin synthesis is a defense mechanism that prevents skin damage, but excessive accumulation of melanin occurs in the skin in various reactions such as pigmentation, lentigines, and freckles. Although anti-melanogenic effects have been demonstrated for various naturally occurring marine products that inhibit and control tyrosinase activity, most studies have not been extended to in vivo applications. Phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A, 12.5–100 µM) isolated from Ecklonia cava has previously been shown to have tyrosinase-mitigative effects in B16F10 cells, but it has not been evaluated in an in vivo model, and its underlying mechanism for anti-melanogenic effects has not been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of PFF-A for anti-melanogenic effects in an in vivo model. We selected low doses of PFF-A (1.5–15 nM) and investigated their mitigative effects on pigmentation stimulated by α-MSH in vivo and their related-mechanism in an in vitro model. The findings suggest that low-dose PFF-A derived from E. cava suppresses pigmentation in vivo and melanogenesis in vitro. Therefore, this study presents the possibility that PFF-A could be utilized as a new anti-melanogenic agent in the cosmeceutical industries.
Effective Synthesis and Antifouling Activity of Dolastatin 16 Derivatives
Authors: Casalme Loida O. , Katayama Keisuke , Hayakawa Yoshiki , Nakamura Kensuke , Yamauchi Arisa , Nogata Yasuyuki , Yoshimura Erina , Matsuda Fuyuhiko , Umezawa Taiki
Published: February 2022

Some derivatives of dolastatin 16, a depsipeptide natural product first obtained from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia, were synthesized through second-generation synthesis of two unusual amino acids, dolaphenvaline and dolamethylleuine. The second-generation synthesis enabled derivatizations such as functionalization of the aromatic ring in dolaphenvaline. The derivatives of fragments and whole structures were evaluated for antifouling activity against the cypris larvae of Amphibalanus amphitrite. Small fragments inhibited the settlement of the cypris larvae at potent to moderate concentrations (EC50 = 0.60-4.62 μg/mL), although dolastatin 16 with a substituent on the aromatic ring (24) was much less potent than dolastatin 16.
The Influence of Oral Drotaverine Administration on Materno–Fetal Circulation during the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Rzymski Paweł , Tomczyk Katarzyna Maria , Wilczak Maciej
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the oral administration of drotaverine on maternal and fetal circulation as measured by Doppler sonography in women with a risk of preterm birth. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was conducted on 34 women with singleton pregnancy at 26–36 weeks of gestation. Doppler flow and pulsatility index (PI) assessments of the umbilical artery, fetal middle cerebral artery, and uterine arteries were performed before and 90–120 min after oral drotaverine administration. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the Doppler assessment (PI Uma—umbilical artery, MCA—middle cerebral artery, and ltUta—left uterine artery) before drotaverine administration and 90–120 min after oral intake, but there were statistically significant differences between the PI assessment of the rtUta (right uterine artery, 0.55 vs. 0.75, p = 0.05) and the mean of the Uta (0.66 vs. 0.74, p = 0.03). For changes in the CUR (cerebro–umbilical ratio) and % changes in the CUR and mean PI of the Uta, there was no correlation with obstetric history, AFI (amniotic fluid index), gestation week, infertility history, systolic pressure, or diastolic pressure. There was a statistically positive correlation between changes in the CUR and % change in the CUR and body weight and in height. Conclusions: Drotaverine has no statistically significant influence on the MCA and Uma PI. The oral administration of drotaverine has an impact on PI rtUta and the mean PI Uta.
Cytotoxicity of a Cell Culture Medium Treated with a High-Voltage Pulse Using Stainless Steel Electrodes and the Role of Iron Ions
Authors: Saulis Gintautas , Rodaitė-Riševičienė Raminta , Saulė Rita
Published: February 2022

High-voltage pulses applied to a cell suspension cause not only cell membrane permeabilization, but a variety of electrolysis reactions to also occur at the electrode–solution interfaces. Here, the cytotoxicity of a culture medium treated by a single electric pulse and the role of the iron ions in this cytotoxicity were studied in vitro. The experiments were carried out on mouse hepatoma MH-22A, rat glioma C6, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The cell culture medium treated with a high-voltage pulse was highly cytotoxic. All cells died in the medium treated by a single electric pulse with a duration of 2 ms and an amplitude of just 0.2 kV/cm. The medium treated with a shorter pulse was less cytotoxic. The cell viability was inversely proportional to the amount of electric charge that flowed through the solution. The amount of iron ions released from the stainless steel anode (>0.5 mM) was enough to reduce cell viability. However, iron ions were not the sole reason of cell death. To kill all MH-22A and CHO cells, the concentration of Fe3+ ions in a medium of more than 2 mM was required.
Modulation of Fecal Metabolites by Heat Stress and Diet, and Their Association with Inflammation and Leaky Gut Markers in Dairy Cows
Authors: Ruiz-González Alexis , Rico Daniel Enrique , Rico Jorge Eduardo
Published: February 2022

The analysis of fecal metabolite profiles could provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying animal responses to environmental stressors and diet. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 14-day heat stress period and of dietary mineral and vitamin supplementation under heat stress on fecal metabolite profiles and to investigate their associations with physiological markers of heat stress, leaky gut, and inflammation in lactating dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (42.2 ± 5.6 kg milk/d; 83.4 ± 27.1 DIM) were enrolled in an experiment in a split-plot design. The main plot was the level of dietary vitamin E and Se, as follows: (1) low (L-ESe; 20 IU/kg vitamin E, 0.3 ppm Se) or (2) high (H-ESe 200 IU/kg vitamin E, 1.2 ppm Se). Within each plot, six cows were randomly assigned to either (1) heat stress (HS; Total Humidity Index (THI): 82), (2) pair-feeding in thermoneutrality (TNPF; THI = 64), or (3) HS with vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation (HS+DCa; 1820 IU/kg and 1.5% Ca; THI: 82) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 14-day periods and 7-day washouts. The concentrations of 94 metabolites were determined in fecal samples, including amino acids, fatty acids, biogenic amines, and vitamins. Relative to the L-ESe group, the H-ESe group increased α-tocopherol by threefold, whereas δ-tocopherol was decreased by 78% (PFDR < 0.01). Nevertheless, correlation analysis between α-tocopherol and all the others fecal metabolites or physiological heat stress measures did not show significant associations. No interactions between main plot and treatments were observed. Relative to TNPF, HS increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), milk somatic cell counts (SCC), respiratory rates, rectal temperatures, fecal tridecylic and myristic acids, vitamin B7, and retinol, whereas it decreased fecal amino acids such as histidine, methyl histidine, acetyl ornithine, and arginine (PFDR < 0.05). In contrast, HS+DCa increased fecal methyl histidine concentrations and reduced milk SCC, plasma TNF-α, and LBP, as well as rectal temperatures. Discriminant analysis revealed fecal histidine, taurine, acetyl ornithine, arginine, β-alanine, ornithine, butyric + iso-butyric acid, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, TNF-α, LBP, C-reactive protein, and milk SCC were predictive of HS. Several metabolites were predictive of HS+DCa, although only tryptophan was discriminant relative to HS. In conclusion, both heat stress and the supplementation of vitamin D3 and Ca can influence the fecal metabolome of dairy cows experiencing heat stress, independently of dietary levels of vitamin E and Se. Our results suggest that some fecal metabolites are well associated with physiological measures of heat stress and may thus provide insights into the gut-level changes taking place under heat stress in dairy cows.
Control of Fungal Diseases and Fruit Yield Improvement of Strawberry Using Bacillus velezensis CE 100
Authors: Hong Sarah , Kim Tae Yoon , Won Sang-Jae , Moon Jae-Hyun , Ajuna Henry B. , Kim Kil Yong , Ahn Young Sang
Published: February 2022

Due to the increasing health and environmental risks associated with the use of fungicides in agriculture, alternatives—such as using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to suppress phytopathogens—that simultaneously improve plant yield, are important. This study evaluated the biocontrol efficiency of Bacillus velezensis CE100 against Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, the respective causal agents for charcoal rot and fusarium wilt diseases in strawberry, and its potential to enhance strawberry growth and fruit production. B. velezensis CE 100 produced fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes, chitinases, and β-1,3-glucanases; and inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae by 64.7% and 55.2%, respectively. The mycelia of both phytopathogenic fungi showed severe swelling and rupturing of the hyphae compared to the smooth, normal growth in the control group. Moreover, B. velezensis CE100 produced up to 2.8 units/mL of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during incubation and enhanced root biomass in strawberries. Consequently, B. velezensis CE 100 not only increased the fruit yield of strawberries by controlling the fungal diseases but also through enhancing plant growth. The findings of this study indicate that B. velezensis CE100 could be a safe, ecofriendly biocontrol alternative to chemical fungicides in strawberry production.
A pXRF-Based Approach to Identifying the Material Source of Stone Cultural Relics: A Case Study
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhongjian , Wang Feiyue , Liu Jianbin
Published: February 2022

Precise identification of material sources is of great significance to archaeological study, conservation, and restoration of stone cultural relics. The present study proposes a simple and efficient approach to identifying the material source of stone cultural relics based on portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) and statistical analyses. Chemical elements of stone samples, including Ca, K, Fe, Al, Si, Cl, S, and Mg from both cultural relics and potential quarries, were first measured non-destructively using a pXRF device. Obtained chemical element data were then classified using statistical techniques (i.e., cluster analysis and principal component analysis) to match tested materials from cultural relics to the material from a quarry, thereby identifying the material source of stone cultural relics. The proposed method was applied to identify the material sources of the Jin Gang Throne Tower (JGT Tower), the stele of “Rebuilding Pu’ansi Temple” (PAS Stele), and the stele of “Renovation of Sanjinmiao Temple” (SJM Stele) in Beijing Stone Carving Art Museum. The study shows that pXRF can be used on-site for handheld, fast, inexpensive, and non-destructive measurements of the elemental composition of stone materials, being a powerful tool for identifying the material source of stone culture relics especially immovable and large-scale ones.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation into the Synergistic Mechanism and Failure Characteristics of the Backfill-Red Sandstone Combination
Authors: Zhang Wen , Yan Chengyuan , Zhou Guoyue , Guo Jinping , Chen Yanyu , Zhang Baohua , Wu Saisai
Published: February 2022

The stability of underground goaf in filling mining is dominated by the interaction mechanism of the backfill-surrounding rock combination. In order to investigate the interaction mechanism and failure characteristics of the backfill-surrounding rock combination, backfill-red sandstone combinations with three different cement–sand ratios were prepared for uniaxial compression tests. The deformation and failure characteristics of the specimens were analyzed. It was found that at the cement–sand ratio of 1:4, the backfill and red sandstone interacted with and restricted each other, and the through cracks appeared in the whole specimens, which indicated that the backfill and red sandstone can jointly resist external loads and play a role in common bearing. However, with the decrease of the cement–sand ratio, the stress mainly acts on the backfill, and the deformation observed in the backfill is large while there is no obvious rupture in the rock. Based on the failure characteristics and the stress–strain curves of the specimens, the damage constitutive relationship that can describe the failure process and deformation characteristics is proposed. Correlated with the experiment results, the damage constitutive equation is established in three stages including compaction pre-synergy stage, quasi-elastic synergy deformation stage and rupture deformation stage. The failure characteristics observed in each stage are analyzed. The research results are of great significance to accurately understanding the interaction between backfill and surrounding rock, which can be used to design and select the mixture ratio of the filling materials.
Evaluation of the Performances of a Monolayer Cover with an Elevated Water Table Used for the Reclamation of the Abandoned Aldermac Mine Site (Québec, Canada)
Authors: Maqsoud Abdelkabir , Mbonimpa Mamert , Benzaazoua Mostafa , Turcotte Sophie
Published: February 2022

Until 2008, the Aldermac mine was considered one of the most problematic abandoned mines sites in Québec due to the high production of acid mine drainage caused by mine tailings spread over a large area. The site was reclaimed between 2008 and 2009 to reduce the ecological footprint and to minimize any further tailings oxidation (production of acid mine drainage). For this purpose, a monolayer cover with an elevated water table was used as an oxygen barrier on the north zone of the site. To assess the performance of the monolayer with an elevated water table cover, a network of observation wells was set up to monitor the water table level and collect groundwater samples for the analysis of physical and chemical parameters. Results of water table level measurements show that the cover successfully maintains the tailings within the water table at all times, thus preventing further tailings oxidation. Hydrogeochemical results, interpreted with principal component analysis, show that the quality of water is improving, thus indicating that reclamation is helping to reduce groundwater contamination at the site.
Do Pomegranate Hydrolyzable Tannins and Their Derived Metabolites Provide Relief in Osteoarthritis? Findings from a Scoping Review
Authors: Govoni Marco , Danesi Francesca
Published: February 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis affecting both the elderly and the middle-aged population. Although various therapeutics have been developed to arrest the structural deterioration of cartilage, the current treatments are limited to delay the progress of OA clinically. Therefore, it is pivotal to study new therapeutic agents for chondroprotection and the prevention of cartilage degeneration. Hydrolyzable tannin (HT)-containing foods aroused considerable interest in recent years for their relevant anti-inflammatory effects. The focus of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the evidence of the therapeutic potential of HTs and their metabolites in preventing or alleviating the course of OA. A broad search of PubMed and Scopus databases on this topic resulted in 156 articles. After the exclusion of reviews and not relevant records, 31 articles were retrieved. Although only some papers did not consider the biotransformation of HTs, most recent studies also have investigated the effect of HT metabolites. Further larger clinical trials, with an in-deep analysis of HT metabolization, are still needed to unravel the potential benefits of these compounds in OA, paving the way towards the development of a dietary strategy for the improvement of pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced chondrocyte dysfunctions and injuries.
Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants in Blackcurrant Juice after Treatment Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Trych Urszula , Buniowska Magdalena , Skąpska Sylwia , Kapusta Ireneusz , Marszałek Krystian
Published: February 2022

Blackcurrant juice (Ribes nigrum L.) was subjected to supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCD) at 10, 30, and 60 MPa for 10 min at 45 °C, as well as thermally treated at 45 and 85 °C for 10 min to determine the stability, antioxidant capacity (AC), and bioaccessibility (BAc) of vitamin C, total anthocyanins, and their individual monomers. An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model completed with dialysis was used to assess BAc. The use of SCCD at each of the pressures applied improved the stability of vitamin C, total anthocyanins, and AC before in vitro digestion. As a result of digestion, the total content of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and AC decreased. The highest BAc of vitamin C was noted in fresh juice (FJ) (40%) and after mild heat treatment at 45 °C (T45) (46%). The highest BAc of total anthocyanins was also noted in the FJ (4.4%). The positive effect of the application of SCCD on the BAc of the delphinidin-3-O-glycosides was observed compared to T45 and thermal pasteurization at 85 °C (T85). Although SCCD did not significantly improve the BAc of vitamin C and total anthocyanins, the higher AC of SCCD samples after intestinal digestion (ABTS+• and DPPH•) and in dialysate (ABTS+•) compared to thermally treated was observed. The protocatechuic acid was detected by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS as the major metabolite formed during the digestion of delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside. This may indicate the influence of SCCD on improvement of the accessibility of antioxidants for digestion, thanks to which more metabolites with high antioxidant activity were released.
Polyphenolics with Strong Antioxidant Activity from Acacia nilotica Ameliorate Some Biochemical Signs of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Foyzun Tahira , Mahmud Abdullah Al , Ahammed Md. Salim , Manik Md. Imran Nur , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Islam KM Monirul , Lopa Simin Sobnom , Al-Amin Md. Yusuf , Biswas Kushal , Afrin Mst. Rejina , Alam AHM Khurshid , Sadik Golam
Published: February 2022

Neurotoxicity is a serious health problem of patients chronically exposed to arsenic. There is no specific treatment of this problem. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathological process of neurotoxicity. Polyphenolics have proven antioxidant activity, thereby offering protection against oxidative stress. In this study, we have isolated the polyphenolics from Acacia nilotica and investigated its effect against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Acacia nilotica polyphenolics prepared from column chromatography of the crude methanol extract using diaion resin contained a phenolic content of 452.185 ± 7.879 mg gallic acid equivalent/gm of sample and flavonoid content of 200.075 ± 0.755 mg catechin equivalent/gm of sample. The polyphenolics exhibited potent antioxidant activity with respect to free radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Administration of arsenic in mice showed a reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain which was counteracted by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Similarly, elevation of lipid peroxidation and depletion of glutathione in the brain of mice was effectively restored to normal level by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Gallic acid methyl ester, catechin and catechin-7-gallate were identified in the polyphenolics as the major active compounds. These results suggest that Acacia nilotica polyphenolics due to its strong antioxidant potential might be effective in the management of arsenic induced neurotoxicity.
An Edible Oil Enriched with Lycopene from Pink Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Using Different Mechanical Treatments
Authors: Hoyos Catalina Gómez , Guerra Angélica Serpa , Pérez Shaydier Argel , Velásquez-Cock Jorge , Villegas Mariana , Gañán Piedad , Gallego Robin Zuluaga
Published: February 2022

According to the regulations of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), organic solvents should be limited in pharmaceutical and food products due to their inherent toxicity. For this reason, this short paper proposes different mechanical treatments to extract lycopene without organic solvents to produce an edible sunflower oil (SFO) enriched with lycopene from fresh pink guavas (Psidium guajava L.) (FPGs). The methodology involves the use of SFO and a combination of mechanical treatments: a waring blender (WB), WB+ high-shear mixing (HSM) and WB+ ultrafine friction grinding (UFFG). The solid:solvent (FPG:SFO) ratios used in all the techniques were 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20. The results from optical microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy showed a correlation between the concentration of lycopene in SFO, vegetable tissue diameters and FPG:SFO ratio. The highest lycopene concentration, 18.215 ± 1.834 mg/g FPG, was achieved in WB + UFFG with an FPG:SFO ratio of 1:20. The yield of this treatment was 66% in comparison to the conventional extraction method. The maximal lycopene concentration achieved in this work was significantly higher than the values reported by other authors, using high-pressure homogenization for tomato peel and several solvents such as water, SFO, ethyl lactate and acetone.
PERBEDAAN PENGGUNAAN METODE CERAMAH DENGAN METODE CERAMAH KOMBINASI MEDIA VIDEO TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN TINDAKAN CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN SISWA
Authors: Rastini Ni Kadek , Marwati Ni Made
Published: February 2022

Abstract : Handwashing with soap is able to reduce diarrhea by as much as 45%, but the use of soap for hand washing only reaches about 3% of the entire community. Counseling is very important to increase the knowledge, attitude and practice of students in maintaining their own health. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of using lecture method with lecture method combination of video media to knowledge and action of handwashing with soap at Public Elementary School 1 Dawan Klod. The type of research used is Pre Experimental research type with The One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this research is all the students of class II and III in Public Elementary School 1 Dawan Klod with the sample of research as many as 44 respondents. Data analysis using Mann Whitney test. The result of the research shows that there is no difference in the use of lecture method with video lecture method on knowledge and action handwashing with soap students (p value of knowledge = 0,283 and action = 0,361). Suggestions that can be given to Puskesmas can use lecture and video methods to improve the achievement of health promotion goals to school children about hand washing.
TINJAUAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH DI TAMAN SATWA BALI ZOO SUKAWATI GIANYAR TAHUN 2017
Authors: Aris Wijayanthi I Gusti Ayu , Notes Nengah , Aryasih I Gusti Ayu Made
Published: February 2022

Abstract.Garbage is commonly found in public places which become a public health problem because public place is a meeting place of all kinds of society with all kinds of diseases possessed by the society. Trash is also included in the waste. Where waste is all solid and liquid materials are discharges derived from human activities individually as well as the results of other activity activities. This type of research is used by observation (direct observation) by using descriptive method. Sources of waste contained in Bali Zoo come from visitors or from activities or activities carried out at Bali Zoo Wildlife Park. Where from the implementation of the research obtained results that is on the solid waste management (garbage) obtained results meet the requirements while in the liquid waste is said not to qualify. The conclusion of this research is the number of waste management facilities that need to be considered, such as waste bins that do not have a lid and the absence of waste water treatment plant facilities in Bali Zoo.Keywords: waste, sanitation, wildlife park
TINJAUAN KUALITAS AIR PADA MATA AIR �YEH SANA� DI BANJAR GUNAKSA DESA CEMPAGA KECAMATAN BANGLI KABUPATEN BANGLI TAHUN 2017
Authors: Juliantara I Putu Eka , Suarta Asmara I Wayan , Bulda Made
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Water is one of human need, availability and existence of water source should be preserved and protected from pollution. The purpose of this research to know the quality of water from "Yeh Sana" springs. The method of this research is descriptive. The results obtained are the physical parameters temperature 26,50C, TDS 300 mg/l, turbidity 2 NTU, no taste, odorless, colorless, chemical parameters pH 6,5, Nitrite 0.05 mg/l, Nitrate 10 mg/l, iron 0.3 mg/l, hardness 60 mg/l, and bacteriological parameters E. Coli 0/100 ml sample and Coliform 2.2/100 ml sample. Observation of water pollutant risk factors in "Yeh Sana" springs. A value of 2.2 from coliform indicates the presence of waste that can contaminate waters from animal and leaves. Concluded the water from "Yeh Sana" springs qualifies the quality of physics, chemical quality and does not qualify microbiological quality. Recommended for the community to cook water before drinking, always keep the springs clean, make a of protection of the springs.Keywords:, springs, water, water quality
Tinjauan Keadaan Sanitasi Pasar di Pasar Umum Kusamba Desa Kusamba Kecamatan Dawan Kabupaten Klungkung
Authors: Ni Made Rusiana Putri Candra , Asmara I Wayan Suarta , Sudiadnyana I Wayan
Published: February 2022

Abstrack: Sanitation of public places is a public health problem that is quite urgent, because the public place is a meeting place of all kinds of society with all sickness. Public places or facilities must carry out environmental sanitation, among others, places that facilitate the occurrence of disease transmission, or public service places where the intensity of the number and timing of visits is high. Place or public facilities one of the market. Kusamba General Market is located at Amlapura Highway, Kusamba Village, Dawan District with 2.974 m2 of land area consisting of 227 traders. The purpose of this research is to know the condition of market sanitation in Kusamba General Market Kusamba Village Dawan Year 2018. This research use descriptive method with data collection technique using observation sheet. Result of research to market building get category enough with score 16, market sanitation get category enough with score 12, security got by category less with score 1. Total of whole state of sanitation market that is enough with score 28. It is suggested to market manager to pay more attention to cleanliness the market environment and adding sanitation facilities. To the traders to jointly maintain market facilities and market hygiene. To the government or related institutions located in the working area of Pasar Umum Kusamba to conduct supervision / inspection of market sanitation and health of traders.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PENGRAJIN GONG DI DUSUN TIHINGAN, KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG TAHUN 2018
Authors: Juliana . , Purna Nyoman , Aryana Ketut
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The occupational health and safety in the management of hazard and so that the environment is very little risk of the creation of a positive a safe and healthy work. The puspose of this research to know the factors that relating to occupational accident on a craftsman gong in Tihingan hamlet, Klungkung. The kind of research used in research survey observational crossectional research study to a draft. Population in this research is all workers a craftsman gong in Tihingan hamlet, Klungkung many as 60 home industry were selected from 96 research workers. Use chi-square data available for analysis. The results of the research obtained which are not there was a correlation (P value 0,050) between the ages (0,301), education (0,497), the temperature (0,094), lighting (0,714), and influential factor equipment (0,118) by occupational accident and it can be seen there was a correlation (P value 0,050) between period of employment (0,000), a self protection (0,039), and noise (0,010) by occupational accident on a craftsman gong in Tihingan hamlet, Klungkung. Increase the prevention of the workers risk of occupational accident using the self protection a complete to improve security and safety.
Hubungan Kualitas Fisik Rumah Dengan Kejadian TBC Paru Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan Tahun 2018
Authors: Melinda Dewi Ni Komang Suari , Yulianti Anysiah Elly
Published: February 2022

Indonesia is the second country with the highest population of Tuberculosis in the world after India. Tuberculosis is caused by Microbacterium tuberculosis wich transmitted through the airborne. One of the efforts for prevent the TBC transmitted is keeping the healthy quality physical of home. This research purposed to know the correlation between quality physical of home with lung TBC case at Puskesmas I South Denpasar working area. The types of this research is observasional retrospektif using case control design. Sampling procedures using total population sampling technique. The case group sample amount 34 patient with TBC in 2016 at Puskesmas I South Denpasar. The control grup sample amount 34 people who never suffer lung TBC and has same characteristics with the case group sample. Data collection using observation paper and analys statistic test using chi square method, continued with counting Coefficient Contigency (CC). Based on the chi square method result, showing the relation between lighting (p=0,001 CC=0,361), ventilation (p=0,014 CC=0,286), humadity (p=0,013 CC=0,290) dan temperature (p=0,000 CC=0,246) of home with lung TBC. There are no relation between the number of occupants home (p=0,086) and wall floor quality’s (p=0,088) with lung TBC case. Submitted suggestion in this research are 1) for community, please keep your attention for healthy and hygiene home, 2) for Puskesmas I South Denpasar, should be increased the health promotion about health housing wich related with Lung TBC.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Sikap Dan Tindakan Praktek Mandiri Bidan Dengan Pengelolaan Sampah Medis Studi Dilakukan Di Wilayah Kerja UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh I, Kecamatan Blahbatuh, Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2019
Authors: Melinda Komang Jenny , Yulianti Anysiah Elly
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Generally, medical waste which if produced from health support facilities, One of the health service which produces. Medical disposal is independent midwives. The purpose of the resedrch is find out. Any existences between knowledge level, behavour or attitudes in midwives independent practices regord to the medical waste management in the working area of the Blahbatuh I Public Health Unit, Blahbatuh. This research uses a cross sectional method. With the number of respondents at least 20 people. univariate and bivariat analysis wits results of the research which was invilved by 20 people respondents found . 55% have good knowledge, 60% have a good attitude, and 55% do enough behave. Based on the results of the bivariat analysis, there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge (p=0.019), attitude (p= 0.047), action (p=0,000) with medical waste management. The level of relationship between the level of knowledge of 0.532 (moderate) attitude of 0.484 (moderate) action of 0.707 (strong) with the independent practice of midwives. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge, attitudes and actions of midwives' independent practices with medical waste management.
Membangun Kebijakan Kesehatan Lansia Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Mustika I Wayan
Published: February 2022

pemerintah dapat mengkaji ulang atau menjalankan beberapa alternatif kebijakan yang terkait dengan pembangunan kesehatan lansia sehingga mereka dapat hidup dengan sejahtera dan tidak justru menjadi beban dalam pembangunan bangsa