Cytomorphological Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases of the Female Genital Sphere from the Perspective of Personalized Medicine
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, Dubrovina S.O. ,   Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Voronova O.V. ,   Rostov State Medical University; Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation RZhD-Meditsina Clinical Hospital; Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Akimenko M.A. ,   Rostov State Medical University; Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation,   RZhD-Meditsina Clinical Hospital; Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Bogunova D.Yu. ,   Rostov State Medical University; Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Loginova E.I. ,   Bataysk Central City Hospital; Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

To date, the course of urogenital infections is characterized by asymptomatic or erased forms, but sexually transmitted infections (STIs) do not become less dangerous and can cause severe complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic diseases, intrauterine fetal damage, congenital pathology and diseases in newborn children. Taking into account the extreme urgency of the problem of timely diagnosis and adequate correction of endocervix pathology, the lack of clear cytomorphological parallels with clinical data, a very significant practical and scientific interest is the comparison of the results of cytomorphological research with diagnostic data using polymerase chain reaction. This will expand the possibilities of interpreting the cytological method as a primary study for further diagnosis and treatment. Аim: to analyze the results of cytomorphological studies of the urogenital tract of women with sexually transmitted infections of various etiologies and to assess their significance for a personal approach to treatment. Design: Prospective cohort study. Materials and methods. For a comprehensive cytomorphological study, data on 335 female patients (mean age 31.6 ± 8.2 years) with uncomplicated urogenital chlamydia (n = 18), papillomavirus (n = 97), herpetic (n = 26), mycotic (n = 41) infections, trichomoniasis (n = 12) and mixed forms were analyzed infectious lesion (n = 141). Results. If there is a history of STIs, it becomes necessary to identify concomitant genital infections and vaginal dysbiosis. It is difficult to determine which pathogen caused the "launch" of inflammatory reactions, and which one joined a second time and aggravated the course of the disease. A combination of candidiasis and chlamydial infection, candidiasis and viral lesions, chlamydial infection and viral lesions is possible, therefore, in addition to molecular genetic and serological diagnostics, cytomorphological methods are necessary for the diagnosis of STIs. Conclusion. The modern cytomorphological methods used for the diagnosis of infections of the female genital sphere allow us to quickly and reliably determine the type of pathogen and the nature of the process, which could help clinicians to choose the appropriate therapy correctly, to prevent the transition of the disease to the chronic stage, to avoid complications and the development of neoplastic processes. Keywords: cytomorphological diagnostics, sexually transmitted infections, traditional cytology, liquid cytology, personalized medicine.