bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and challenges for harvest weed seed control in global cropping systems
Authors: Walsh Michael J , Broster John C , Schwartz‐Lazaro Lauren M , Norsworthy Jason K , Davis Adam S , Tidemann Breanne D , Beckie Hugh J , Lyon Drew J , Soni Neeta , Neve Paul , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V
Published: November 2017

The opportunity to target weed seeds during grain harvest was established many decades ago following the introduction of mechanical harvesting and the recognition of high weed‐seed retention levels at crop maturity; however, this opportunity remained largely neglected until more recently. The introduction and adoption of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems in Australia has been in response to widespread occurrence of herbicide‐resistant weed populations. With diminishing herbicide resources and the need to maintain highly productive reduced tillage and stubble‐retention practices, growers began to develop systems that targeted weed seeds during crop harvest. Research and development efforts over the past two decades have established the efficacy of HWSC systems in Australian cropping systems, where widespread adoption is now occurring. With similarly dramatic herbicide resistance issues now present across many of the world's cropping regions, it is timely for HWSC systems to be considered for inclusion in weed‐management programs in these areas. This review describes HWSC systems and establishing the potential for this approach to weed control in several cropping regions. As observed in Australia, the inclusion of HWSC systems can reduce weed populations substantially reducing the potential for weed adaptation and resistance evolution. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Gene expression in response to glyphosate treatment in fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) – glyphosate death response and candidate resistance genes
Authors: Hereward James P , Werth Jeff A , Thornby David F , Keenan Michelle , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh , Walter Gimme H
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

This study takes a whole‐transcriptome approach to assess gene expression changes in response to glyphosate treatment in glyphosate‐resistant fleabane. We assessed gene expression changes in both susceptible and resistant lines so that the glyphosate death response could be quantified, and constitutively expressed candidate resistance genes identified. There are three copies of the glyphosate target site (5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate; EPSPS) gene in Conyza and because Conyza bonariensis is allohexaploid, there is a baseline nine copies of the gene in any individual.

RESULTS

Many genes were differentially expressed in response to glyphosate treatment. Known resistance mutations are present in EPSPS2 but they are present in a glyphosate‐susceptible line as well as resistant lines and therefore not sufficient to confer resistance. EPSPS1 is expressed four times more than EPSPS2, further reducing the overall contribution of these mutations.

CONCLUSION

We demonstrate that glyphosate resistance in C. bonariensis is not the result of EPSPS mutations or overexpression, but due to a non‐target‐site mechanism. A large number of genes are affected by glyphosate treatment. We present a list of candidate non‐target‐site‐resistance (NTSR) genes in fleabane for future studies into these mechanisms. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of no‐tillage versus tillage system on common vole (Microtus arvalis) population density
Authors: Heroldová Marta , Michalko Radek , Suchomel Josef , Zejda Jan
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

While the ‘no‐tillage’ management system generally improves soil properties and helps to control arthropod pests, it may also intensify crop infestation by the common vole (Microtus arvalis Pallas). In this study, we evaluated the impact of soil management (no‐tillage or tillage), crop and previous crop (winter wheat or winter rape), and season (spring or autumn) on common vole density using data from the Common Vole Monitoring Programme undertaken by the Plant Protection Service of the Czech Republic between 2000 and 2009.

RESULTS

Models predicted low mean values of vole infestation across management types, crops, and seasons. The untilled fields hosted significantly more voles than the tilled fields in spring but not in autumn. More common voles were found in winter rape than in winter wheat during both seasons.

CONCLUSION

Recent studies suggest that no‐tillage management is more profitable than tillage management as a result of its positive impact on soil properties and pest control. During periods of high vole infestation, however, tillage may constitute an alternative strategy for reducing yield losses. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reciprocal youth mobilities between Italy and Spain: A question of elective affinities
Authors: Pumares Pablo , González‐Martín Beatriz , Montanari Armando , Staniscia Barbara
Published: November 2017

Italy and Spain are two countries with important migration traditions, yet very little research has been done on movements between these two Southern European countries. In this paper, the main research question concerns the determinants of migration and, in some cases, return of young Italians and Spaniards. Based on an analysis of the transcripts of 69 in‐depth interviews, we survey migrants' motivations and expectations, their economic and social integration and their future plans, and thereby attempt to understand the specific features of this “horizontal” mobility. The research results find little weight for a purely economic rationale behind the choice of Italians and Spaniards to move to the other country. What seems to be important are two factors acting in combination: (a) the “affinity factor” between the two countries, including the relative ease of learning the language, the consequent frequency and intensity of contact with members of the host population, and the result therefore of “feeling comfortable” during their stay abroad; (b) the lubricating effect of free movement. However, the migration relationship between the two countries is not fully reciprocal and there is one major element of asymmetry. Although experiences of social and cultural integration are positive in both cases, differences in the socio‐economic context, especially the labour market and cost of living, help to explain the imbalance in the two‐way flows, including returns, which is positive for Spain and negative for Italy.
Hall Mobility of As‐Grown Cu2O Thin Films Obtained Via Electrodeposition on Patterned Au Substrates
Authors: Aggarwal Garima , Das Chandan , Agarwal Sumanshu , Maurya Sandeep K. , Nair Pradeep R. , Balasubramaniam K.R.
Published: November 2017

Hall measurement of an electrodeposited Cu2O film is rendered difficult as the bilayer structure of semiconductor on top of a conductive substrate obviates the measurement. Here, we propose the use of a patterned Au on glass substrate in line/space configuration for the Hall measurement of electrodeposited Cu2O. A continuous, (111) oriented Cu2O film was electrodeposited on 8 μm/2 μm Au‐line/space on glass substrate and Hall measurement was performed. The room temperature Hall measurement of the Cu2O film on the patterned substrate indicates p‐type conduction with a hole concentration of 2.2 × 1017 cm−3 and mobility of 4.7 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. Additionally, the temperature dependent resistivity exhibits a negative slope that is characteristic of a semiconductor. Therefore, the measured electrical characteristics can be attributed to the electrodeposited Cu2O semiconductor film rather than the conductive substrate. This method can be applied for the Hall measurement of any other electrodeposited semiconductor by optimizing the line/space geometry of the conductive substrate.
More insights into the pharmacological effects of artemisinin
Authors: Zyad Abdelmajid , Tilaoui Mounir , Jaafari Abdeslam , Oukerrou Moulay Ali , Mouse Hassan Ait
Published: November 2017

Artemisinin is one of the most widely prescribed drugs against malaria and has recently received increased attention because of its other potential biological effects. The aim of this review is to summarize recent discoveries of the pharmaceutical effects of artemisinin in basic science along with its mechanistic action, as well as the intriguing results of recent clinical studies, with a focus on its antitumor activity. Scientific evidence indicates that artemisinin exerts its biological activity by generating reactive oxygen species that damage the DNA, mitochondrial depolarization, and cell death. In the present article review, scientific evidence suggests that artemisinin is a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases. Thus, this review is expected to encourage interested scientists to conduct further preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate these biological activities.
Decursin attenuates the amyloid‐β‐induced inflammatory response in PC12 cells via MAPK and nuclear factor‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Li , Yang Yiqiu , Zheng Jingbin , Cai Guodi , Lee Yongwoo , Du Jikun
Published: November 2017

Decursin, the major bioactive component of Angelica gigas Nakai, exhibited neuroprotective properties. Our previous studies showed that decursin conferred neuroprotective effects in PC12 cells induced by Amyloid‐β (Aβ)25–35 via antiapoptosis and antioxidant. In this study, the antiinflammatory effects of decursin against PC12 cells injury stimulated by Aβ25–35 were assessed. Our results demonstrated that decursin suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 protein and prostaglandin E2 content which was stimulated by Aβ25–35 in PC12 cells. Meanwhile, the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB in Aβ25–35‐treated PC12 cells was also inhibited by decursin. In addition, decursin suppressed phosphorylation of the two upstream pathway kinases, p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. Overall, our findings indicate that decursin exerts protective effects against neuroinflammation stimulated by Aβ25–35 in PC12 cells by abolishing cyclooxygenase‐2 protein expression through inactivation of nuclear factor‐κB via the upstream kinases including p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. This work provides a new insight into the pharmacological mode of decursin and should facilitate its therapeutic application in treatment of inflammatory disorders.
What phytotherapy needs: Evidence‐based guidelines for better clinical practice
Authors: Colalto Cristiano
Published: November 2017

In recent decades, the pharmacological properties of numerous medicinal plants and opportunities in phytotherapy have been explored through research projects, reviews, and monographs. These studies confirm that medicinal plants offer new approaches to tackling diseases. However, improvement of phytotherapy in clinical practice relies on a number of critical factors. In particular, the studies are very heterogeneous, and results and their interpretation by healthcare workers vary greatly, so preventing consistency in clinical practice. There is therefore a lost opportunity to improve phytotherapy practice, because the work being done and the related systematic reviews cannot act as a body of data on which to base clear clinical recommendations. Approaches such as the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation or the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology could easily help standardise the use of phytotherapy in clinical practice. In this context, evidence‐based phytotherapy guidelines could offer new healthcare approaches to the treatment of diseases.
Anti‐MRSA activity of oxysporone and xylitol from the endophytic fungus Pestalotia sp. growing on the Sundarbans mangrove plant Heritiera fomes
Authors: Nurunnabi Tauhidur Rahman , Nahar Lutfun , Al‐Majmaie Shaymaa , Rahman S.M. Mahbubur , Sohrab Md. Hossain , Billah Md. Morsaline , Ismail Fyaz M.D. , Rahman M. Mukhlesur , Sharples George P. , Sarker Satyajit D.
Published: November 2017

Heritiera fomes Buch.‐Ham., a mangrove plant from the Sundarbans, has adapted to a unique habitat, muddy saline water, anaerobic soil, brackish tidal activities, and high microbial competition. Endophytic fungal association protects this plant from adverse environmental conditions. This plant is used in Bangladeshi folk medicine, but it has not been extensively studied phytochemically, and there is hardly any report on investigation on endophytic fungi growing on this plant. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface sterilized cladodes and leaves of H. fomes. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against two Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacteria and the fungal strain, Candida albicans. Extracts of Pestalotia sp. showed activities against all test bacterial strains, except that the ethyl acetate extract was inactive against Escherichia coli. The structures of the purified compounds, oxysporone and xylitol, were elucidated by spectroscopic means. The anti‐MRSA potential of the isolated compounds were determined against various MRSA strains, that is, ATCC 25923, SA‐1199B, RN4220, XU212, EMRSA‐15, and EMRSA‐16, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 32 to 128 μg/ml. This paper, for the first time, reports on the anti‐MRSA property of oxysporone and xylitol, isolation of the endophyte Pestalotia sp. from H. fomes, and isolation of xylitol from a Pestalotia sp.
Real‐time probe tracking using EM‐optical sensor for MRI‐guided cryoablation
Authors: Gao Wenpeng , Jiang Baichuan , Kacher Daniel F. , Fetics Barry , Nevo Erez , Lee Thomas C. , Jayender Jagadeesan
Published: November 2017

Background

A method of real‐time, accurate probe tracking at the entrance of the MRI bore is developed, which, fused with pre‐procedural MR images, will enable clinicians to perform cryoablation efficiently in a large workspace with image guidance.

Methods

Electromagnetic (EM) tracking coupled with optical tracking is used to track the probe. EM tracking is achieved with an MRI‐safe EM sensor working under the scanner's magnetic field to compensate the line‐of‐sight issue of optical tracking. Unscented Kalman filter‐based probe tracking is developed to smooth the EM sensor measurements when occlusion occurs and to improve the tracking accuracy by fusing the measurements of two sensors.

Results

Experiments with a spine phantom show that the mean targeting errors using the EM sensor alone and using the proposed method are 2.21 mm and 1.80 mm, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed method achieves more accurate probe tracking than using an EM sensor alone at the MRI scanner entrance.
Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: a summary report for 2015 by The Ethics Committee of The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Saito Hidekazu , Jwa Seung Chik , Kuwahara Akira , Saito Kazuki , Ishikawa Tomonori , Ishihara Osamu , Kugu Koji , Sawa Rintaro , Banno Kouji , Irahara Minoru
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) implemented an assisted reproductive technology (ART) registry system in 1986. Here are reported the characteristics and treatment outcomes of ART cycles that were registered in 2015.

Methods

JSOG has requested all participating ART facilities to register cycle‐specific information for all ART cycles since 2007. A descriptive analysis was performed by using the registry database for 2015.

Results

In total, 424 151 cycles and 51 001 neonates (1 in 19.7 neonates born in Japan) were registered in 2015. The patients’ mean age was 38.2 years (standard deviation = 4.5). Among the fresh cycles, 94 158 of 244 718 (38.5%) egg retrieval cycles were cycles with freeze‐all embryos or oocytes, while fresh embryo transfer (ET) was performed in 70 254 cycles, signaling a decrease from 2014. There were 169 898 frozen‐thawed ET cycles, resulting in 56 355 pregnancies and 40 599 neonates. Single ET was performed at a rate of 79.7% for fresh and 81.8% for frozen cycles and the singleton pregnancy/live birth rates were 96.9%/96.5% and 96.8%/96.4% for the respective cycles.

Conclusion

The total ART cycles and live births resulting from ART has been increasing in Japan. Single ET was performed at a rate of almost 80% and ET cycles have shifted from fresh to frozen cycles.
Unified dwell time–based stability and stabilization criteria for switched linear stochastic systems and their application to intermittent control
Authors: Luo Shixian , Deng Feiqi , Chen Wu‐Hua
Published: November 2017

This paper considers the stability and stabilization problems for the switched linear stochastic systems under dwell time constraints, where the considered systems can be composed of an arbitrary combination of stable and unstable subsystems. First, a time‐varying discretized Lyapunov function is constructed based on the projection of a linear Lagrange interpolant and a switching‐time‐dependent “weighted” function. The “weighted” function not only enforces the Lyapunov function to decrease at switching instants but also coordinates the dynamical behavior of the subsystems. As a result, some unified criteria for mean square stability and almost sure stability of the switched stochastic systems are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Based on the obtained stochastic stability criteria, 2 types of state feedback controllers for the systems are designed. Moreover, the novel results are applied to solve the intermittent control or the controller failure problems. Finally, conservatism analysis and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the established theoretical results.
Effect of oxygen plasma treatment and gold sputtering on morphological and local mechanical properties of copolyimide/gold micropatterned structures
Authors: Stoica Iuliana , Aflori Magdalena , Ioanid Emil Ghiocel , Hulubei Camelia
Published: November 2017

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to analyze rectangular 3‐dimensional patterned microstructures with different functionalities induced on copolyimide containing alicyclic sequences film surfaces by means of oxygen plasma treatment. The plasma power was ranged to be big enough to accelerate the plasma species towards the copolyimide surface, and the exposure time was not very small to generate a roughness that still can be monitored by AFM. To create the rectangular pattern, transmission electron microscopy grid masks were placed on the samples before treatment. Plasma‐induced micropatterning with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface chemistries was evaluated by measuring the adhesion forces between the gold‐covered AFM tip and the copolyimide surfaces. To fabricate 3‐dimensional metallic microstructures arranged in well‐defined areas, thin metal layers were sputtered on these pretreated copolyimide films. The AFM morphological aspects of the obtained metallic structures were correlated with the surface modifications induced by plasma treatment conditions. Functional indexes and functional volume parameters were also calculate to characterize the functional behavior of the surface, such as wear, lubrication, and contact. The AFM data were compared with those obtained using the small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements.
Model refactoring by example: A multi‐objective search based software engineering approach
Authors: Ghannem Adnane , Kessentini Marouane , Hamdi Mohammad Salah , El Boussaidi Ghizlane
Published: November 2017

Declarative rules are frequently used in model refactoring in order to detect refactoring opportunities and to apply the appropriate ones. However, a large number of rules is required to obtain a complete specification of refactoring opportunities. Companies usually have accumulated examples of refactorings from past maintenance experiences. Based on these observations, we consider the model refactoring problem as a multi objective problem by suggesting refactoring sequences that aim to maximize both structural and textual similarity between a given model (the model to be refactored) and a set of poorly designed models in the base of examples (models that have undergone some refactorings) and minimize the structural similarity between a given model and a set of well‐designed models in the base of examples (models that do not need any refactoring). To this end, we use the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) to find a set of representative Pareto optimal solutions that present the best trade‐off between structural and textual similarities of models. The validation results, based on 8 real world models taken from open‐source projects, confirm the effectiveness of our approach, yielding refactoring recommendations with an average correctness of over 80%. In addition, our approach outperforms 5 of the state‐of‐the‐art refactoring approaches.
Pseudotumor em artroplastia total do quadril metal-metal com cabeça de grande diâmetro
Authors: Loures Elmano , Loures Daniel , Castro e Silva Armando , Monte Luiz
Published: November 2017

Os autores descrevem caso de artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) com par tribológico metal-metal e cabeça de grande diâmetro que evoluiu com formação de pseudotumor inflamatório. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido por ressonância magnética com supressão de artefato metálico. O tratamento consistiu na ressecção do tecido anormal e revisão com par tribológico cerâmica-polietileno reticulado. Nenhum caso semelhante em língua portuguesa encontra-se descrito nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs até a presente data.
What Works in Human Rights Institutions?
Authors: Linos Katerina , Pegram Tom
Published: November 2017

Since 1993, the United Nations has promoted national human rights institutions (NHRIs); these have spread to almost 120 countries. We assess what makes NHRIs effective, using quantitative and qualitative methods. We find that formal institutional safeguards contribute greatly to NHRI efficacy even in authoritarian and transition regimes. Complaint-handling mandates are particularly useful because they help NHRIs build broad bases of support. Our findings show how international organizations can wield great influence with soft tools such as recommendations and peer-review mechanisms.
Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Bonafé Beatrice I.
Published: November 2017

On February 2, 2017, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) delivered a judgment rejecting preliminary objections to its jurisdiction in Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean. The underlying contentious case between Somalia and Kenya concerns the establishment of a single maritime boundary between the two states. The decision on preliminary objections provides important insights on the Court's interpretation of optional clause declarations that include a reservation for alternative methods of dispute settlement.
Two mechanisms of droplet splashing on a solid substrate
Authors: Jian Zhen , Josserand Christophe , Popinet Stéphane , Ray Pascal , Zaleski Stéphane
Published: November 2017

We investigate droplet impact on a solid substrate in order to understand the influence of the gas in the splashing dynamics. We use numerical simulations where both the liquid and the gas phases are considered incompressible in order to focus on the gas inertial and viscous contributions. We first confirm that the dominant gas effect on the dynamics is due to its viscosity through the cushioning of the gas layer beneath the droplet. We then describe an additional inertial effect that is directly related to the gas density. The two different splashing mechanisms initially suggested theoretically are observed numerically, depending on whether a jet is created before or after the impacting droplet wets the substrate. Finally, we provide a phase diagram of the drop impact outputs as the gas viscosity and density vary, emphasizing the dominant effect of the gas viscosity with a small correction due to the gas density. Our results also suggest that gas inertia influences the splashing formation through a Kelvin–Helmholtz-like instability of the surface of the impacting droplet, in agreement with former theoretical works.
On Being the “Same Type”: Albert Camus and the Paradox of Immigrant Shame in Rawi Hage’sCockroach
Authors: Bright Gillian
Published: November 2017

A characterization of the shame-inducing legacy of colonialism lies at the heart of Rawi Hage’sCockroach. By employing Albert Camus’s aesthetic style, Hage’s novel investigates the ironic paradoxes in Camus’s philosophy of absurdism and his political stance regarding Algerian independence from France. Through the motif of the “gaze,” (the mode of looking that shames the specular object), the novel links shame to what Kalpana Seshadri-Crooks calls the “regime of the look,” a system of visualizing and encoding race. Through three textual manifestations of shame,Cockroachpoints out that Camus’s own representation of Arab bodies instantiates a paradox in his attitude about independence. Indeed, because of his commitment to the absurd and an ethics of fraternity, an oblique feeling of shame surfaces in Camus’s writing; this shame both disrupts the logic of Camus’s philosophy and contributes to the affective experiences of some postcolonial subjects.
Impact of sourdough fermentation on appetite and postprandial metabolic responses – a randomised cross-over trial with whole grain rye crispbread
Authors: Zamaratskaia Galia , Johansson Daniel P. , Junqueira Matheus Antunes , Deissler Linda , Langton Maud , Hellström Per M. , Landberg Rikard
Published: November 2017

Sourdough fermentation is considered to have beneficial effects on postprandial satiety and metabolic responses, but studies demonstrating effects at physiological conditions are lacking. The aim of this acute breakfast intervention study was to determine the effect of consumption of sourdough-fermented and unfermented rye crispbread on self-rated appetite, postprandial glucose and insulin response in healthy subjects. In all, twenty-four Swedish adults were included in a single-blinded, randomised cross-over trial. Three crispbreads (sourdough-fermented and unfermented whole grain rye and yeast-fermented refined wheat as control) were consumed as part of a standardised breakfast. Subjective appetite score, assessed using visual analogue scale, and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at baseline and postprandially until 360 and 240 min, respectively. Structural changes and viscosity during mastication and gastric digestion were investigated usingin vitromethods. Hunger and desire to eat were lower (P<0·05) based on AUC measurements after intake of sourdough-fermented rye crispbread compared with after intake of yeast-fermented refined wheat crispbread. On the basis of AUC (0–230 min), insulin response was lowest after intake of unfermented rye crispbread compared with sourdough-fermented rye and yeast-fermented refined wheat crispbread. Degradation of viscous fibres and faster bolus disintegration for the sourdough-fermented bread may partly explain the less favourable metabolic responses compared with unfermented bread. Our results showed that food processing affects the composition and structural characteristics of rye bread, which has implications for appetite and metabolic responses.
Severe riboflavin deficiency induces alterations in the hepatic proteome of starter Pekin ducks
Authors: Tang Jing , Hegeman Maria A. , Hu Jian , Xie Ming , Shi Wenbiao , Jiang Yong , de Boer Vincent , Guo Yuming , Hou Shuisheng , Keijer Jaap
Published: November 2017

Suboptimal vitamin B2status is encountered globally. Riboflavin deficiency depresses growth and results in a fatty liver. The underlying mechanisms remain to be established and an overview of molecular alterations is lacking. We investigated hepatic proteome changes induced by riboflavin deficiency to explain its effects on growth and hepatic lipid metabolism. In all, 360 1-d-old Pekin ducks were divided into three groups of 120 birds each, with twelve replicates and ten birds per replicate. For 21 d, the ducks were fedad libituma control diet (CAL), a riboflavin-deficient diet (RD) or were pair-fed with the control diet to the mean daily intake of the RD group (CPF). When comparing RD with CAL and CPF, growth depression, liver enlargement, liver lipid accumulation and enhanced liver SFA (C6 : 0, C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0) were observed. In RD, thirty-two proteins were enhanced and thirty-one diminished (>1·5-fold) compared with CAL and CPF. Selected proteins were confirmed by Western blotting. The diminished proteins are mainly involved in fatty acidβ-oxidation and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), whereas the enhanced proteins are mainly involved in TAG and cholesterol biosynthesis. RD causes liver lipid accumulation and growth depression probably by impairing fatty acidβ-oxidation and ETC. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of liver lipid metabolic disorders due to RD.
Effects of partial replacement of maize in the diet with crude glycerin and/or soyabean oil on ruminal fermentation and microbial population in Nellore steers
Authors: Granja-Salcedo Yury Tatiana , Duarte Messana Juliana , Carneiro de Souza Vinícius , Lino Dias Ana Veronica , Takeshi Kishi Luciano , Rocha Rebelo Lucas , Teresinha Berchielli Telma
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to determine whether a combination of crude glycerin (CG) and soyabean oil (SO) could be used to partially replace maize in the diet of Nellore steers while maintaining optimum feed utilisation. Eight castrated Nellore steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a double 4×4 Latin square design balanced for residual effects, in a factorial arrangement (A×B), when factor A corresponded to the provision of SO, and factor B to the provision of CG. Steers feed SO and CG showed similar DM intake, DM, organic matter and neutral-detergent fibre digestibility to that of steers fed diets without oil and without glycerine (P>0·05). Both diets with CG additions reduced the acetate:propionate ratio and increased the proportion ofiso-butyrate, butyrate,iso-valerate and valerate (P<0·05). Steers fed diets containing SO had less total N excretion (P<0·001) and showed greater retained N expressed as % N intake (P=0·022). SO and CG diet generated a greater ruminal abundance ofPrevotella,Succinivibrio,Ruminococcus,SyntrophococcusandSucciniclasticum.Archaea abundance (P=0·002) and total ciliate protozoa were less in steers fed diets containing SO (P=0·011). CG associated with lipids could be an energy source, which is a useful strategy for the partial replacement of maize in cattle diets, could result in reduced total N excretion and ruminal methanogens without affecting intake and digestibility.
Consumption of preserved egg, a high-lead-containing food, is strongly associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese adults
Authors: Yu Bin , Shao Junwei , Yu Fei , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Xia Yang , Bao Xue , Gu Yeqing , Shi Hongbin , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Liu Huijun , Wu Yuntang , Niu Kaijun
Published: November 2017

Previous studies have demonstrated adverse mental health effects of Pb exposure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between consumption of preserved egg (PE), a high-Pb-containing food and depressive symptoms among adults in China. A sample of 25 213 adults (mean age 41·4 (sd 11·8) years; males, 53·9 %) in Tianjin, China, was studied in a cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake including PE was assessed using a valid self-administered FFQ. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The association was estimated by OR using logistic regression models adjusted for multiple confounders. The prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms was 6·6 % (SDS≥50). Compared with the least frequent PE consumption (<once/week), multivariable adjusted OR for elevated depressive symptoms were 1·52 (95 % CI 1·28, 1·81), 2·24 (95 % CI 1·76, 2·81) and 3·31 (95 % CI 2·52, 4·30) for consumption of once, 2–3 times and ≥4 times/week, respectively (Pfor trend<0·0001), indicating a clear dose–response relationship. The results suggested that higher consumption of PE was strongly associated with depressive symptoms among adults in China. These findings underscore the need to consider dietary Pb exposure as a risk factor for psychological distress.
Is Epistemic Normativity Value-Based?
Authors: CÔTÉ-BOUCHARD CHARLES
Published: November 2017

What is the source of epistemic normativity? In virtue of what do epistemic norms have categorical normative authority? According to epistemic teleologism, epistemic normativity comes from value. Epistemic norms have categorical authority because conforming to them is necessarily good in some relevant sense. In this article, I argue that epistemic teleologism should be rejected. The problem, I argue, is that there is no relevant sense in which it is necessarily good to believe in accordance with epistemic norms, including in cases where the matter at hand is completely trivial. Therefore, if epistemology is normative, its normativity won’t come from value.
An ARV1 homologue from a filarial nematode is functional in yeast
Authors: Herath H.M.L.P.B. , Gunawardene Y.I.N.S. , Pathiranage M. , Wickramasinghe P.D.S.U. , Wickramatunge P.G.T.S. , Dassanayake R.S.
Published: November 2017

The transmembrane protein, ARV1, plays a key role in intracellular sterol homeostasis by controlling sterol distribution and cellular uptake. To date, only the ARV1s from yeast and humans have been characterized to some extent. In this study, the ARV1 of an animal filarial parasite,Setaria digitata(SdARV1), was characterized; its cDNA was 761 bp and encoded a protein of 217 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 25 kDa, containing a highly conserved ARV1 homology domain and three transmembrane domains in the bioinformatic analyses. Information required to cluster members belonging to a particular taxon has been revealed in phylogenetic analyses of ARV1 sequences derived from different organisms. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses indicated thatSdARV1was expressed in different developmental stages – microfilariae and adult male and female worms. Experiments carried out with a single copy of theSdARV1under the control of the PMA-1 promoter in a temperature-sensitiveSaccharomyces cerevisiaemutant strain indicated full complementation of the mutant phenotype, with growth at a non-permissive temperature (37°C). Microscopic observations of cellular morphology with Gram staining revealed alteration of the shape from shrunken to oval, in mutant and complemented strains, respectively. Assessment of free sterol levels extracted from mutant yeast and complemented strains indicated that the level of sterol was significantly higher in the former compared to the latter, which had sterol levels similar to those of the wild type. Thus, the results of the current study suggest that SdARV1 is ubiquitously expressed in different developmental stages ofS. digitata, and that it is a true functional homologue of mammalian and yeast ARV1s, which have crucial phylogenetic information that follows classical evolutionary trends. Finally, this is the first study to report the biological function of nematode ARV1.
Beyond personal control: The role of developing self-control abilities in the behavioral constellation of deprivation
Authors: Doebel Sabine , Michaelson Laura E. , Munakata Yuko
Published: November 2017

We agree with Pepper & Nettle that personal control is important in understanding people's willingness to engage in future-oriented behavior. However, this does not imply that self-control abilities play no role, for self-control abilities do influence whether individuals engage in future-oriented behavior. Personal control may also shape the development of self-control abilities, so contrasting the two may be a false dichotomy.
Divergent life histories and other ecological adaptations: Examples of social-class differences in attention, cognition, and attunement to others
Authors: Grossmann Igor , Varnum Michael E. W.
Published: November 2017

Many behavioral and psychological effects of socioeconomic status (SES), beyond those presented by Pepper & Nettle cannot be adequately explained by life-history theory. We review such effects and reflect on the corresponding ecological affordances and constraints of low- versus high-SES environments, suggesting that several ecology-specific adaptations, apart from life-history strategies, are responsible for the behavioral and psychological effects of SES.
Uncertainty about future payoffs makes impatience rational
Authors: Jones James Holland
Published: November 2017

Uncertainty (i.e., variable payoffs with unknown probabilities) brings together a number of features of the authors' argument. It leads to present bias, even for completely rational agents with time-consistent preferences. As an evolutionary product of Pleistocene climate instability, humans possess broad adaptations to environmental uncertainty, giving rise to key features of the behavioral constellation of deprivation (BCD).
The “appropriate” response to deprivation: Evolutionary and ethical dimensions
Authors: Lewis Christopher , Lewis David M. G.
Published: November 2017

Pepper & Nettle use an evolutionary framework to argue that “temporal discounting” is an appropriate response to low socioeconomic status (SES), or deprivation. We suggest some conceptual refinements to their “appropriate-response” perspective, with the hope that it usefully informs future research on and public policy responses to the relationship between deprivation and temporal discounting.
Cultural consonance, deprivation, and psychological responses for niche construction
Authors: Quinlan Robert J.
Published: November 2017

Cultural consonance is a measure of culturally encoded goals relevant to psychological, behavioral, and health responses to deprivation. Similar to extrinsic mortality, low cultural consonance and an associated inability to predict adaptive outcomes may activate impulsivity, delay discounting, and reward seeking. Low cultural consonance could promote “fast life history” in low-quality environments and motivate cultural niche construction for local adaptation.
It's not just about the future: The present payoffs to behaviour vary in degree and kind between the rich and the poor
Authors: Sear Rebecca , Schaffnit Susan B.
Published: November 2017

Pepper & Nettle offer a nuanced and humane view on poverty that should be required reading for policy makers, particularly those interested in “behaviour change” policy. We suggest, however, that the emphasis on “future-discounting” in this paper downplays the importance of differences in the payoffs to behavioursin the presentand how these payoffs may be realised in different currencies.
Intergenerational capital flows are central to fitness dynamics and adaptive evolution in humans
Authors: Rickard Ian J.
Published: November 2017

Human fitness dynamics are uniquely and profoundly governed by the flow of capital to subsequent generations. Low socioeconomic status individuals may possess limited capacity to direct capital to descendants and may respond to such constraints adaptively or maladaptively. Mitigation of capital constraints may provide practicable routes to alleviation of the behavioural constellation of deprivation.
Positivity versus negativity is a matter of timing
Authors: Ainslie George
Published: November 2017

“Negative” emotions are never purely negative. They attract attention at the very least and often stay attractive enough to make rehearsing them an addictive activity. As the authors point out, they also counteract a relentless tendency for positive emotions to become boring. Analysis in terms of reward suggests why this tendency occurs and how symbiosis with negative emotions may arise, in art and in life.
Artistic misunderstandings: The emotional significance of historical learning in the arts
Authors: Bullot Nicolas J. , Reber Rolf
Published: November 2017

The Distancing-Embracing model does not have the conceptual resources to explain artistic misunderstandings and the emotional consequences of historical learning in the arts. Specifically, it suggests implausible predictions about emotional distancing caused by art schemata (e.g., misunderstandings of artistic intentions and contexts). These problems show the need for further inquiries into how historical contextualization modulates negative emotions in the arts.
Empathy as a guide for understanding the balancing of Distancing-Embracing with negative art
Authors: Gerger Gernot , Ishizu Tomohiro , Pelowski Matthew
Published: November 2017

We connect the Distancing-Embracing model to theoretical and empirical evidence regarding empathy, which raises questions about the ordering and modulation of distancing in particular. Namely, distancing may not be a binary, continuously on/off process. Rather we suggest that changes in distancing as actualized via the relation between the individual and art (e.g., through empathy) might be a useful avenue for further consideration.
Art enhances meaning by stimulating integrative complexity and aesthetic interest
Authors: Hagtvedt Henrik , Vohs Kathleen D.
Published: November 2017

Menninghaus et al. portrayed meaning in art as a vehicle for transforming negative emotions into pleasure. Although it is intuitively appealing that meaningful experiences should feel good, meaningfulness does not necessarily entail pleasure or positive emotions. Whereas easily comprehended art may elicit pleasure, meaningfulness is more closely tied to challenge and interest than to pleasure.
The enjoyment of negative emotions in the experience of magic
Authors: Leddington Jason
Published: November 2017

Theatrical magic is designed to elicit negative emotions such as feelings of vulnerability, loss of control, apprehension, fear, confusion, and bafflement. This commentary suggests that the Distancing-Embracing model can help us understand how the experience of magic can be aesthetically pleasurable, not despite, rather thanks to, some of the strong negative emotions it provokes.
Art as emotional exploration
Authors: Oatley Keith
Published: November 2017

The Roman poet Horace said poetry gives pleasure and instructs. A more informative theory is that poetry and art, in general, are less about pleasure than about exploration of emotions. Literary authors concentrate on negative emotions, seemingly to try and understand them. In two studies, reading literary art enabled the transformation of selfhood, not by being instructed but by people changing in their own ways.
Genre scripts and appreciation of negative emotion in the reception of film
Authors: Tan Ed S. , Visch Valentijn T.
Published: November 2017

The Distancing-Embracing model reserves a role for genre scripts in the hedonic valuation of negative emotion in art. Genre scripts, as defined in the target article, leave higher-level recipient intuitions out of scope. We argue that, in film genre scripts, lower-level stylistic features lend access to more complex conceptual knowledge, including pragmatic principles. The argument implies a consideration of the communicative dimension of aesthetic works, which could strengthen both factors of the Distancing-Embracing model.
Negative emotions in art reception: Refining theoretical assumptions and adding variables to the Distancing-Embracing model
Authors: Menninghaus Winfried , Wagner Valentin , Hanich Julian , Wassiliwizky Eugen , Jacobsen Thomas , Koelsch Stefan
Published: November 2017

While covering all commentaries, our response specifically focuses on the following issues: How can the hypothesis of emotional distancing (qua art framing) be compatible with stipulating high levels of felt negative emotions in art reception? Which concept of altogether pleasurable mixed emotions does our model involve? Can mechanisms of predictive coding, social sharing, and immersion enhance the power of our model?
Repair of interrupted aortic arch using autologous pulmonary artery tissue
Authors: Lee Cheul , Lee Jae Young , Lee Eun-Jung
Published: November 2017

There are several options for the repair of interrupted aortic arch. Direct anastomosis may cause several problems including anastomotic site stenosis, left main bronchus compression, and acute-angled aortic arch. Interposition of a prosthetic graft has no growth potential. We present a case of 34-month-old child with interrupted aortic arch, which was repaired using a pulmonary autograft tube.
Coping Strategies in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities Showing Multiple Forms of Challenging Behaviour: Associations with Maternal Mental Health
Authors: Adams D. , Rose J. , Jackson N. , Karakatsani E. , Oliver C.
Published: November 2017

Background: It is well documented that mothers of children with intellectual disabilities experience elevated mental health difficulties and that these are exacerbated by the presence of challenging behaviour. However, comparatively little is known about the effect of specific coping strategies for managing such behaviours. Aims: This paper aims to document coping strategies used by mothers of children showing multiple forms of challenging behaviour and to explore how these relate to positive and negative maternal mental health. Method: Eighty-nine mothers of children with intellectual disabilities completed questionnaires assessing maternal mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale) and maternal coping strategies (Brief COPE). Results: Coping strategies were not associated with child age or ability, but were associated with maternal mental health. Higher levels of problem- and positive-coping strategies were associated with higher positive affect. Although active-avoidance coping was the least frequently reported, it was associated with higher levels of negative affect and increased anxiety and depression. Moderated mediation analyses identified that active-avoidance coping mediated the relationship between the number of forms of challenging behaviour and poor maternal mental health, but only in mothers with lower levels of problem-focused coping. Conclusions: Active-avoidance coping is associated with poorer negative mental health in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities who have average to low levels of problem-focused coping. This is reflective of that noted within a range of populations, highlighting it as a key area for intervention.
Working Women and Monstrous Mothers: Kant, Marx, and the Valuation of Domestic Labour
Authors: Pascoe Jordan
Published: November 2017

In this article, I compare Kant’s and Marx’s analysis of women and domestic labour in their mature political works, and argue that Kant offers more analytic tools for understanding the social and economic role of domestic labour than does Marx. While domestic labour becomes visible to Marx only as it is outsourced, Kant develops a clear account of the specific rules governing domestic labour in the emerging bourgeois household. Because of his commitment to the domestic realm as a core feature of the just state, however, much of Kant’s account of domestic labour should be challenged by contemporary Kantian feminists.
From Revelation to Revolution: The Critique of Religion in Kant and Marx
Authors: Ypi Lea
Published: November 2017

This article examines Kant’s and Marx’s analysis of religion in its relation to human emancipation. It highlights some important affinities in their accounts of human nature and their critique of religious authority including: the emphasis on freedom as distinguishing human beings from other species, the relation between moral and political progress, the critique of revealed religion, the role of political community and the importance of ethical community to achieve moral emancipation.