bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the mesoscale spatio-temporal variability in simulated wind speed time series over northern Europe
Authors: Luzia Graziela , Hahmann Andrea N. , Koivisto Matti Juhani
Published: November 2022

Abstract. As wind energy increases its share of total electricity generation and its integration into the power system becomes more challenging, accurately representing the spatio-temporal variability in wind data becomes crucial. Wind fluctuations impact power and energy systems, e.g. energy system planning, vulnerability to storm shutdowns, and available voltage stability support. To analyse such fluctuations and their spatio-temporal dependencies, time series of wind speeds at an hourly or higher frequency are needed. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of the global and mesoscale-model-derived wind time series against observations by using a set of metrics that we present as requirements for wind energy integration studies. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to find the best model setup of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, focusing on evaluating the wind speed fluctuation metrics. The results show that using higher spatial resolution in the WRF model simulations improves the representation of temporal fluctuations; however, higher-spatial-resolution simulations often lower the correlations of wind time series with measurements. Thus, we recommend finer-spatial-resolution simulations for modelling power ramp or voltage stability studies but ERA5 rather than mesoscale simulations for studies where correlations with measurements are essential. We also show that the nesting strategy is an important consideration, and a smoother transition from the forcing data to the nested domains improves the correlations with measurements. All mesoscale model simulations overestimate the value of the spatial correlations in wind speed as estimated from observations. Still, the spatial correlations and the wind speed distributions are insensitive to the mesoscale model configuration tested in this study. Regarding these two metrics, mesoscale model simulations present more favourable results than ERA5.
REGIONAL FEATURES OF LIGHTNING ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTH OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Authors:   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, PERMYAKOV M. S. , KLESHCHEVA T. I. ,   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, POTALOVA E. YU. ,   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, KAPACH S. S. ,   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ZHURAVLEV P. V. ,   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

According to the WWLLN data for the period of 2009-2018, regional features of lightning activity in the south of the Russian Far East, including the southern part of Sakhalin Island, are investigated. It is shown that the thunderstorm period here (99.5% of lightning) is from May to September in the northern continental regions, from April/May to October in the southern and southeastern regions, and from May to November in the southern part of the island. It was noted that the lightning activity is characterized by the maxima in July over plains and lowlands and in June over the areas with predominance of mountain terrain. The average decadal density of lightning on the continent increases from east to west, from the lowest values in the coastal regions to the highest ones in the northwest. At the same time, the lightning activity density in the continental part of the southern Far East is on average five times higher than on Sakhalin. The difference in the lightning activity characteristics over the western and eastern slopes of mountain ranges and ridges is noted.
THE HISTORY OF AVALANCHE RESEARCH ON SAKHALIN ISLAND
Authors:   Special Design Bureau for Marine Research Automation Tools, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, BOBROVA D. A. , KAZAKOVA E. N. ,   Special Design Bureau for Marine Research Automation Tools, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

The 70-year history of avalanche research on Sakhalin is outlined. In chronological order, in some cases, the main stages of special anti-avalanche activities, the creation of organizations and structures whose activities are aimed at reducing the incidence of avalanches. It is shown that measures to combat avalanches are most effective in the complex nature of their implementation.
EXPERIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL AVALANCHE RELEASE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Special Design Bureau for Automation of Marine Research, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, CHERNOUS P. A.
Published: November 2022

Preventive avalanching in the Khibiny has been carried out for almost 90 years. The experience accumulated in this area allows evaluating it critically. The methods of preventive avalanching in the Khibiny Mountains, in other regions of Russia, and other countries are analyzed. The most widely used methods are those based on the effects of explosions on the snowpack stability. Despite such long-term experience, a scientific basis for their use is not sufficiently developed, and there are no rational methods for their application. The insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of avalanche release and short-term impulse loads on the snow stability, as well as the high spatial variability of snow characteristics that control its stability at an avalanche starting zone, and the almost complete absence of their measurements are the main obstacles to solving these problems. The development and realization of a state program aimed at improving the effectiveness of artificial avalanche release could make the current situation better.
APPLICATION OF RADAR, LIGHTNING DETECTION, AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION DATA TO STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL LIGHTNING ACTIVITY AND SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS
Authors:   High-mountain Geophysical Institute, SHAPOVALOV A. V. , SHAPOVALOV V. A. ,   High-mountain Geophysical Institute, STASENKO V. N. ,   Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, LESEV V. N. ,   Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Published: November 2022

The results of numerical experiments with the three-dimensional nonstationary bin model of convective clouds with a detailed consideration of hydrothermodynamic, microphysical, and electrical processes are presented. The structure of the cloud is investigated at different time moments for comparison with radar and lightning location observations in the North Caucasus. The possibility is analyzed of improving the quality of processing and interpretation of simulation and observation data on deep convective (with thunderstorm and hail) clouds using the developed three-dimensional visualization software.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE BED LOAD OF RAVINE AND GULLY COMPLEXES IN THE CITY OF SARATOV
Authors:   Saratov State University, SHESHNEV A. S. , MADZHID D. S. ,   Saratov State University
Published: November 2022

The observation results of pollutant (heavy metals, oil products) concentrations in the bed load of perennial stream outlets of ravine and gully complexes in the city of Saratov are presented. A multiple exceeding of the background content for the analyzed indicators, primarily in the watercourses of industrial zones, is found. The bed load of the maximum water and solid runoff in spring is more polluted than for the minimum water discharge of the watercourses in summer. It can be concluded that it is necessary to create a surface flow treatment system on the territory of Saratov, since solid and water runoff from ravine and gully complexes enters the Volgograd Reservoir, which is a source of drinking water supply and a recreational and fishery object.
ESTIMATING THE DISTRIBUTION OF MAXIMUM VALUES OF THE ATMOSPHERIC DILUTION FACTOR FOR RADIOACTIVE DISCHARGES IN THE AREAS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Authors:   Taifun Scientific Industrial Association, KRYSHEV A. I. , IVANOV E. A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Nuclear Power Plants Operation
Published: November 2022

Maximum values of the average annual atmospheric dilution factor for radioactive discharges of the Kursk, Rostov, and Beloyarsk nuclear power plants (NPPs) are calculated for every year during 2000-2019. The normal distribution of the calculated values is shown for all considered NPPs. The ratio of the 20-year maximum value of the average annual atmospheric dilution factor to the average value is estimated to be 1.6 for the Kursk NPP, 1.4 for Rostov NPP, 1.2 for the Beloyarsk NPP. The maximum atmospheric dilution factor evaluated using the averaged long-term data (2000-2019) differs by not more than 16% from the values obtained by averaging the maximum dilution factors for every year. It is shown that the method of using average long-term meteorological data, which is applied in regulatory guidance establishing the levels of radionuclides permissible atmospheric discharges from the NPPs, is acceptable for the radiation and environmental safety assessment.
INFLUENCE OF THERMOHALINE STRATIFICATION ON THE EVOLUTION OF COASTAL UPWELLING ON THE NORTHEASTERN SHELF OF SAKHALIN
Authors:   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, FERSHALOV M. YU. , STEPANOV D. V. ,   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, SHTRAIKHERT E. A. ,   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, FOMIN V. V. ,   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, NECHAYUK V. E. ,   Exxon Neftegas Limited, DIANSKY N. A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: November 2022

Satellite data on sea surface temperature and temperature and salinity profiles in the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin showed that during the periods of advection of warm and low-salinity water to the eastern shelf of Sakhalin, intensive coastal upwelling did not develop, even under favorable wind conditions. Regular deepening of the thermocline/halocline has prevented the rise of cold and salt water to the sea surface. Numerical experiments with the INMOM-JRA55-do model showed a significant deepening of the thermocline/halocline accompanied by the increasing density stratification, which prevented the elevatin of the Sea of Okhotsk water to the sea surface. It is assumed that the joint monitoring of wind conditions and hydrology on the eastern shelf of Sakhalin in the second half of the year will significantly clarify the features of its development and more accurately assess the biological productivity of water in this area of the Sea of Okhotsk.
IMPACT OF WIND-DRIVEN UPWELLING AND AMUR RIVER DISCHARGE ON THE THERMOHALINE WATER STRUCTURE OFF THE NORTHEASTERN COAST OF SAKHALIN
Authors:   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ZHABIN I. A. , LUK’YANOVA N. B. ,   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

The impact of the wind-driven upwelling and the Amur River discharge on the thermohaline water structure off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin was analyzed using hydrographic data аnd satellite information on the sea surface temperature distribution. The interaction of upwelling water and the coastal current depends on wind conditions and the Amur river runoff. Coastal upwelling develops at relatively low river runoff values (summer low water). The increase in the Amur River discharge during the summer flood enhances the interaction of the upwelling and the coastal buoyancy current. The Amur river runoff flows directly along the shore, which tears cold upwelling water off the coast. The advection of the cold upwelling water from the coast towards the open sea increases with the consecutive alternation of upwelling and downwelling events.
REMOVAL OF MINERAL COMPONENTS AND ORGANIC SUBSTANCES BY THE WETLAND WATER OVER THE KOLA PENINSULA
Authors:   State Hydrological Institute, KALYUZHNYI I. L.
Published: November 2022

Removal of mineral components and organic matter by the wetland water is evaluated using the observations on the Pulozero oligotrophic bog (the Kola Peninsula). Precipitation is a source of mineral components for bogs, its mean annual mineralization is 26.8 mg/dm3. The average annual inflow of mineral components per bog unit area is 13.0 t/km2. Their mean annual channel flow modulus (14.8 t/km2) is 38% greater than the modulus of their total loss (10.7 t/km2) from the wetland (by infiltration, discharge, and accumulation). It is explained by the partial discharge of groundwater into the stream channel. The accumulation of mineral components within a peat deposit is equal to 2.3 t/km2 per year, or 17.7 % of fallen ones. The concentration of organic matter in the water of a hummock-ridge complex is on average equal to 140.3 mg/dm3, varying from 68.2 to 200.8 mg/dm3. The modulus of organic substance loss within the complex is on average equal to 38.2 t/(km2 year). Its annual channel flow is 12.5 t/(km2 year). The accumulation of organic matter within the peat deposit reaches 25.7 t/(km2 year), or 67.3% of the organic substance mass formed within the bog microlandscape during a year.
HYDRODYNAMIC FACTORS OF FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF HYDROBIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY FOR THE CURONIAN LAGOON ZOOBENTHOS
Authors:   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, POTYUTKO O. M. , NIKONOROVA D. V. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology
Published: November 2022

The influence of hydrodynamic factors on the formation of zoobenthos communities in the coastal zone exposed to active wind-wave mixing, as well as in the deep part of water bodies characterized by the silt accumulation is considered for the Curonian Lagoon. The features of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of zoobenthos and their effect on determining the water quality using zoobenthos parameters are analyzed. Recommendations are given for the placement of hydrobiological monitoring stations based on zoobenthos parameters.
Corruption and Urban Landscape in Plato: The Story of Atlantis, the Chronicle of Thucydides and the Geometry of the Town Plan
Authors: Terceiro Sanmartín Nerea
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to study Plato's use of landscape to convey the historical-political meaning of the Atlantis story. As the crux of the argument, I will argue two interlinked hypotheses: first, that the descriptions of Atlantis and primaeval Athens provide the key to identifying these cities, respectively, as mirror images of fifth-century Athens and of an idealised Sparta, suggesting that the story conceals an evocation of the Peloponnesian War. Secondly, I will propose that Plato expresses the cause of this conflict also through the landscape and, specifically, through the symbolism of the corruption of the circular layout that initially defines Atlantis.
Landscape and Religious Monumentalisation in Ancient Greece: The Sanctuary of Athena Alea in Tegea
Authors: Cardete del Olmo Mª Cruz
Published: November 2022

Monumentalisation is an elaborate way of building memory in and through the landscape. Taking the sanctuary of Athena Alea in Tegea as an example, this paper focuses on two constants in the relationship between monumentalisation and memory in ancient Greece. Firstly, the interaction between the two reinforced the myth of the alleged perpetuity and statism of monuments, thus contributing to make identities more resilient and inflexible and to their understanding as essentialist realities. Secondly, this interaction was used as a way of legitimising the dominant ideology, helping to naturalise it and its expressions. All this is analysed through a specific example, namely, the sanctuary of Athena Alea in Tegea.
Ithaca Beyond Homer: A Classical and Hellenistic Polis
Authors: Pascual José
Published: November 2022

Beyond the Bronze Age and Geometric Period through landscape analysis and the GIS, we can prove that the polis of Ithaca in the Classical and Hellenistic periods was characterized by the expansion of the settlements, and the construction of numerous fortifications, so that once this process had concluded, all of the cultivable land on the island was brought into play and all of the population centers would have been interconnected and visual surveillance would have existed throughout all parts of the island liable to be exploited. In short, Ithaca was an independent city-state community fully structured from a political, religious and economic point of view that was flourishing and expanding during the Classical and Hellenistic Periods.
Agrarian and Power Landscapes in Epeiros during the Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods
Authors: Domínguez Monedero Adolfo
Published: November 2022

As was frequently the case in other parts of Greece, agrarian landscapes were the result and, to some extent, a reflection of the political structures in existence at the time. In the case of Epeiros, this also appears to have been the case. In this chapter we shall analyse the main characteristics of the agrarian landscape that made up the different territories of Epeiros and we shall highlight the key transformative role played by the monarchic system of the time, in the first instance in Molossia, which is where the Aeacid monarchy originated, and subsequently after the end of the fourth century BC, with the establishment of the Epeirote state throughout Epeiros as a whole. In this respect, the agrarian landscape throughout this territory could be considered to be a realm that was shaped by the power of the monarchy.
فاعلية برنامج إرشادي معرفي سلوكي لتعزيز الأمن النفسي لدى المراجعات النفسيات
Authors:   باحثة دكتوراه في الإرشاد النفسي، جامعة الملك سعود، المملكة العربية السعودية, القفاري أروى
Published: November 2022

تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة فاعلية برنامج إرشادي معرفي سلوكي في تعزيز الأمن النفسي لدى عينة من المراجعات النفسيات، واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج شبه التجريبي بتصميم المجموعتين المتكافئتين (ضابطة وتجريبية) باختبار قبلي وبعدي. وتتمثل مشكلة الدراسة بمدى فاعلية برنامج إرشادي معرفي سلوكي لتعزيز الأمن النفسي لدى المراجعات النفسيات. استخدمت الباحثة في تنفيذ الدراسة الحالية الأدوات التالية: 1/ مقياس الأمن النفسي الذي أعده ماسلو وأعاد صياغته وتقنينه وتطبيقه على البيئة السعودية الدكتور فهد الدليم، 2/ المقابلة التشخيصية الموجهة. 3/ البرنامج الإرشادي السلوكي المعرفي من إعداد الباحثة. وتكونت عينّه الدراسة من (24) مراجعه للعيادة النفسية ممن حصلن على درجة مرتفعة في مقياس الأمن النفسي، تتراوح أعمارهن ما بين | (19 – 50) سنة كما تم تطبيق البرنامج في مستشفى الأمير محمد بن عبد العزيز في الرياض، خلال الفترة من 3 نوفمبر 2019 إلى 24 يناير 2020. خلصت الدراسة الى النتائج التالية: توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة الأمن النفسي للمجموعة التجريبية بين القياس القبلي والبعدي لصالح القياس البعدي، توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة الأمن النفسي للمجموعة الضابطة بين (القياس القبلي والقياس البعدي) لصالح القياس البعدي، توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة الأمن النفسي للمراجعات النفسيات بين المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة في القياس البعدي. من خلال نتائج الدراسة توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات التي تساعد المراجعات النفسيات في زيادة درجات الأمن النفسي لديهم تتمثل في: ضرورة مساعدتهم في فهم العلاقة بين أفكارهم، ومشاعرهم وسلوكياتهم وتأثيرها على حالتهم المزاجية بشكل عام، تدريبهم على مهارة وفنية الاسترخاء وتأثيرها على خفض التوتر والقلق، من خلال تمرينات الاسترخاء، زيادة الوعي والاستبصار الذاتي بطريقة التفكير لديهم، زيادة الأنشطة السلوكية الإيجابية التي تحسن من حالتهم النفسية وتزيد وتعزز الأمن النفسي لديهم، محاولة تخليصهم من مشاعر الوحدة النفسية وتأثيرها على الحياة النفسية والاجتماعية والأسرية، وتدعيم مفاهيم الأمن النفسي كبديل إيجابي لها، أهمية تدريبهم على خطوات حل المشكلات، ومناقشتهم في فكرة طلب الكمال والتفوق في كل مجالات الحياة.
دور التكنولوجيا المالية في إعادة هندسة العمليات الإدارية وتعزيز الشمول المالي للمصارف التجارية الليبية بالمنطقة الشرقية (دراسة نوعية)
Authors:   أستاذ، قسم التسويق، كلية الاقتصاد، جامعة بنغازي، ليبيا, الكرغلي صبري , شاكير نورا ,   محاضر مساعد، قسم المحاسبة، كلية الاقتصاد، جامعة بنغازي، ليبيا
Published: November 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف مستوى استخدام التكنولوجيا المالية في إعادة هندسة العمليات الإدارية وأهميتها في تعزيز الشُمول المالي للمصارف الليبية التجارية العاملة بالمنطقة الشرقية، كذلك تسليط الضوء على استخدام التكنولوجيا المالية بوصفه مدخلاً من مداخل إعادة هندسة العمليات في المُؤسسات المالية، لاعتبارها عملية إعادة تصميم جذرية للعمليات المصرفية التقليدية هدفها تحقيق تحسينات جوهرية في معايير قياس الاداء وما تُقدمه أيضاً من فرص لتعزيز التنافسية في سوق العمل ونشر ثقافة مفهوم الشمول المالي في القطاع المصرفي الليبي. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم تبني المدخل النوعي لحداثة الموضوع في البيئة الليبية، حيث تم إجراء عدد (8) مُقابلات شخصية مع المديرين ومُساعديهم الذين تتعلق أعمالهم بشكلٍ مُباشرٍ بالعمليات المصرفية التي تم إعادة هندستها باستخدام تكنولوجيا المعلومات، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن جميع المصارف قيد الدراسة تستخدم التكنولوجيا المالية "الصيرفة الإلكترونية" ولكن بدرجاتٍ مُتباينةٍ، كذلك يُوجد إسهام لاستخدام التكنولوجيا المالية في إعادة هندسة العمليات المصرفية بالمصارف الليبية التجارية، إلا أنها وصفت بأنها إسهام ضعيف نوعاً ما، وتقتصر على إدارة الحسابات الجارية، وإدارة البطاقات المصرفية. كما توصلت الدراسة إلى نتيجة مُفادها أن استخدام التكنولوجيا المالية قد أسهم في تعزيز الشمول المالي والتحول التكنولوجي المصرفي، إلا أنه لم يتمكن من تحقيق الفعالية المصرفية بتخفيض تكلفة الخدمات المصرفية المُقدمة للزبائن.
دور الخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة معوقات جودة الأداء المهني للأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية
Authors:   ماجستير في الخدمة الاجتماعية تخصص علاج اجتماعي، كلية العلوم الاجتماعية، جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية، المملكة العربية السعودية, فقيهي قماشة
Published: November 2022

سعت الدراسة الى تحقيق الهدف الرئيسي وهو تحديد معوقات جودة الأداء المهني للأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية بمدينة الرياض وجدة من منظور الخدمة الاجتماعية. وتتفرع من الهدف الرئيسي للدراسة الأهداف التالية: تحديد نوعية معوقات الأداء المهني للأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية بالرياض وجدة، وضع تصور مقترح لدور الخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة معوقات جودة الأداء المهني للأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية في الرياض وجدة. وهذه الدراسة من الدراسات الوصفية وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية بمدينة الرياض ومدينة جدة. وتمثلت عينة الدراسة بـ (35) من الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية في الرياض وجدة، وتم اعاد الاستبانة كأداة للدراسة، ومن أبرز النتائج: عدم اهتمام الأخصائي الاجتماعي بالتواصل مع اسرة المريض فيما يتعلق بالخطة العلاجية وعدم تعاون الأهل والأقارب للمريض مع الأخصائي الاجتماعي بمراكز الرعاية الأولية كذلك عدم اقتناع المرضى واسرهم بدور الأخصائي الاجتماعي الطبي في عملية العلاج وعدم تواصل الفريق الطبي مع الأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية ايضا القصور في خدمات المراكز الصحية والمؤسسات المعنية ومنها البلدية فيما يتعلق بصحة البيئة.
الانتكاسة بعد التعافي من إدمان المخدرات (الأسباب، الأبعاد، الوقاية)
Authors:   ماجستير خدمة اجتماعية إكلينيكية، كلية العلوم الاجتماعية، جامعة أم القرى، اخصائي اجتماعي مستشفى حوطة بني تميم، المملكة العربية السعودية, الحمداني إبراهيم
Published: November 2022

يناقش البحث الإدمان و أسبابه و كذلك أنواع المخدرات و طرق العلاج و كذلك يتعرض بشكل تفصيلي للانتكاسة و عوامل الخطر المؤدية لها و يهدف كذلك الى تعريف الانتكاسة و شرح نموذج الوقاية من الانتكاسة و كيفية تقليل فرص حدوثها و تعد أهمية البحث من حيث خطورة الإدمان على المجتمع و على الأشخاص حيث أن الإدمان يقضي على سلامة و صحة المجتمع و كذلك خطورة الانتكاسة على رجوع المتعافي للإدمان مره اخري حيث أن الأنسان المتعافي الطالب للعلاج اذا حدثت له انتكاسة فقد يصبح مدمن مره اخري و هي اخطر و اصعب المراحل التي يتعرض لها المدمن في طريق العلاج و ينتهج البحث المنهج التحليلي لعرض المشكلة و شرح لنموذج الوقاية منها و كما خلص البحث لبعض النتائج تعتبر أهمها تميل الدراسات التي أجريت حتى الآن إلى دعم فعالية الأساليب المعرفية السلوكية القائمة على نموذج الوقاية من الانتكاسة في الحد من تكرار نوبات الانتكاسة و كذلك فأن الجمع بين نموذج الوقاية من الانتكاسة و ادوية علاج الإدمان قد يؤدي الى نتائج أفضل و قد خلص البحث لبعض التوصيات منها: المزيد من السعي المسؤولين في المنشآت المعنية بعلاج المدمنين، لوضع خطط ذات أهداف بعيدة وقصيرة المدى في الحد من الانتكاسة كما اوصي البحث بضرورة مراجعة الأدبيات السابقة والخاصة بنماذج الوقاية من الانتكاسة ومناقشتها والسعي إلى تطويرها وتوظيفها بالشكل الأمثل في عملية علاج المدمنين. وكذلك يجب التعاون مع الجهات الصحية والإعلامية في نشر ثقافة السلوك الإيجابي والي من شأنه إبعاد الأفراد عن الإدمان كأحد الممارسات الجذرية للحد من الإدمان. وكذلك العمل على تهيئة الكوادر في التخصصات النفسية والاجتماعية وتدريبها للحصول على الكفاية اللازمة لإدارة الوقاية من الانتكاسة في المؤسسات العلاجية للمدمنين، أو المراكز الداعمة.
İHTİYATİ TEDBİRİN ETKİSİNİN SÜRE BAKIMINDAN SINIRI
Authors: KÜÇÜK Alper Tunga
Published: November 2022

Dava konusu üzerinde dava açıldıktan sonra da tasarruf yetkisi devam ettiğinden (HMK m. 24, III), kötü niyetli borçluların uyuşmazlık konusu üzerinde tasarrufta bulunması mümkündür. Uyuşmazlık konusu hakkın elde edilmesinin önemli ölçüde zorlaşmasına ya da tamamen imkânsız hâle gelmesine (HMK m. 389, I) engel olunması için ihtiyati tedbir kararının, uyuşmazlık tam olarak açıklığa kavuşuncaya kadar etkisini sürdürmesi ilkesi benimsenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ihtiyati tedbirin etkisinin süre bakımından sınırı HMK m. 397, II’de düzenlenmiştir. Bu hükme göre, “ihtiyati tedbir kararının etkisi, aksi belirtilmediği takdirde, nihai kararın kesinleşmesine kadar devam eder”. Bu çalışmada, ihtiyati tedbir kararının etkisinin süre bakımından sınırı öncelikle mahkemenin vereceği kararın türü, zamanı ve içeriği bakımından farklı ihtimallere göre öğretideki görüşler ve yargı kararları ışığında detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Daha sonra ihtiyati tedbirin etkisinin uzun sürmesi, mülkiyet hakkı karşısında değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak ise bu düzenlemenin uygulama alanı bakımından özellik arz eden bazı davalar ele alınmıştır.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE OF KARACHI UNIVERSITY TEACHERS
Authors: Dr. Syeda Farhana Sarfaraz, Dr. Wajiha Shahid Prof. Dr. Nusrat Idrees,
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 epidemic has posed substantial issues to the global higher education sector, particularly in Pakistan. The global academic community responded to the COVID-19 epidemic by shifting to distance learning, with the vast majority of courses being provided online throughout the outbreak. A large number of researchers have shared their work on online teaching and learning in a variety of various methods with the public. As a result of the global epidemic, several Schools, Colleges, and Universities have cancelled physical education programs. In this research report, we discovered that the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as social and emotional pressures, was the primary causes of the negative effects on Karachi University Faculty. These consequences reveal themselves in the participants' personal as well as professional lives. In terms of their professional role, participants reported that the additional time and attention that they dedicated to learning new technologies, implementing new teaching practices, receiving support from co-faculty members, and striving to meet their perceived obligations as scholars had an emotional impact. While conducting online classes during the COVID-19 epidemic, this study focuses on a number of concerns and challenges that University Faculty encountered. Faculty members are dealing with high levels of stress, hopelessness, rage, and grief. There is a significant increase in workload, and they claim that their work-life balance has deteriorated. They talked about the strategies, tools, and tactics they used to get out of this situation, whined about technology, and went back to their normal lives, emphasising the impact of trauma on both their personal and professional lives. They also talked about the impact of trauma on their personal and professional lives. There has been a substantial impact on the lives of faculty members as a result of the epidemic, with possibly important effects for the future. The findings imply that efforts should be made to improve assistance and professional training sessions should be held at the departmental and faculty levels to enable them to continue their research and other educational activities without experiencing stress or trauma in the future.
Kaolin-Calcium Carbonate-Titanium Dioxide (K-C-T) Composites for Decolourisation of Reactive Dye Effluent
Authors: S Tharakeswari S Tharakeswari , D Saravanan D Saravanan , Ashwini K Agrawal and Manjeet Jassal Ashwini K Agrawal and Manjeet Jassal
Published: November 2022

Synthetic dyes in textile effluents cause serious environmental and aquatic life hazards if discharged in water bodies without decolorisation and removal of toxic substances. Efforts have been made to produce composites of Kaolin-CaCO3-TiO2 (K-C-T Composite) using the proportions of 1:1:1, 1:2:1 and 1:1:2 through calcination and assess their potential to remove colour from the effluents of Reactive Black 5 dye. Photocatalytic-composite adsorbent has been characterised for morphological structure, phase determination, band gap and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for colour removal and dye decomposition studies. Studies show a maximum of 82% and 80% colour removal efficiency using 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 proportions of K-C-T composites respectively, calcined at 1000 and#176;C. Surface area of the composite samples, state of titanium dioxide in the composite and band gap of the composite influences the colour removal from the effluent significantly.
Queering Cities in Australia - Making public spaces more inclusive through urban policy and practice
Authors:   Western Sydney University, Gorman- Murray Andrew , Prior Jason ,   University of Technology Sydney, de Leeuw Evelyne ,   University of NSW, SPHERE Healthy Urban Environments Collaboratory, Jones Jacqueline ,   Western Sydney University
Published: November 2022

Queering cities is a collaborative research project between Arup, Maridulu Budyari Gumal Healthy Urban Environments Collaboratory, Western Sydney University, the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales. It examines how public spaces can be more inclusive for LGBTIQ+ individuals, families and communities through better accommodation in policy and practice for local areas. This work aims to provide recommendations for creating more inclusive public spaces in the local government areas of metropolitan Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane.
Prevalence and Socio-demographic Correlates of Dental Phobia in Pakistani Adult Population
Authors: Afzal Sidra , Zakar Rubeena
Published: November 2022

Background: Dental anxiety is a barrier to seeking dental treatment. Anxiety aggravates the pain and fear of the dental procedure. Dentists all over the world report dental anxiety and non-compliance toward dental procedures by their Patients. Objective: To find out the prevalence of dental anxiety in adults living in Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to find out the prevalence of dental anxiety in adults. 1000 participants (Females 919, Males 81) with the age range of 18 to 60 years (M 32.18 SD 11.16) were selected. A modified dental Anxiety Scale along with a demographic Performa was given to the Participants. The participants were assessed in an individual setting. Results: the results of the study revealed that 4% of the participants fall under the mild category of dental phobia. 11 % had a moderate dental phobia, whereas 19 % of the participants had a high level of dental phobia. However, the majority of the participants suffer from severe levels of dental phobia i.e., 67%. The results of the Mann Whitney U analysis carried out showed that dental phobia was higher in females as compared to males (***p<.001). The results of one-way ANOVA showed that dental phobia was higher in uneducated adults as compared to educated adults (***p<.001). Conclusion: This study highlights the alarming prevalence rates of dental phobia that needs the attention of dental care providers to take preventative measures. The role of socio-demographic variables has implications for the timely assessment and management of dental phobia. Keywords: Dental phobia, Prevalence, Socio-demographic variables, Dental care (MeSH)
Characteristics and Pattern of Odontogenic Infections with its Treatment Modalities
Authors: Sahibzada Sadia , Khan Ajmal , Sardar Tariq , Aurangzeb Usama , Afridi Nafeesa , Amanat Intikhab
Published: November 2022

Goal: To identify the characteristics, outcomes and treatment options of odontogenic infections through a retrospective analysis of cases treated for odontogenic abscess. Place and Duration: In the Oral and Maxillofacial department of Cat D Hospital Gara Tajik Peshawar for the duration from June 2021 to November 2021. Methods: A total of 80 patients were included in this study. Age, gender, affected facial spaces, affected teeth, the type of antibiotic therapy, hospital stays, previous medication, past medical history and body temperature during the admission were the studied variables. Results: Patients' age ranged from 5-85 years, and 42.4% of those who had an odontogenic infection were under 35. Most patients had body temperatures between 37 to 37.5 °C. The mandibular third molars are the most affected teeth. The 7.5% of the mandibular molars were most severely affected among children. 37.5% of patients have 1-44 days stay in hospital. The most often found bacterial strain was streptococci. The commonly involved space was the buccal space, 10 patients have Ludwig's angina and 48.8% multi-space involvement. Penicillin G with metronidazole or metronidazole and cefazoline were the most often prescribed antibiotic combinations. The 2.5% was the mortality rate and all cases have Ludwig's angina. Conclusions: The submandibular and buccal spaces are the main affected facial spaces. Penicillin, the most widely used antibiotic, has been proven to be successful in treating infections of the jaw. Odontogenic abscesses are most frequently linked to the eruption of the mandibular molars. Keywords: Abscess, Infection, and Antibiotics
Upregulation of Proinflammatory Variables of Analytical Importance and their Potential Interplay in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Anwar Khalida , Qayyum Anoosh , Shahid Amina , Tariq Nusrat , Ahmad Sultan , Shuja Naveed , Zahid Sara , Waquar Sulayman , Malik Arif
Published: November 2022

Objective: Study role of the selected inflammatory markers and their importance in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, (11-months) Methodology: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis in the Department of Orthopedics (Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan) and 50 healthy individuals of the age of 35-45 were included into the study. Glutathione, Catalase, Maliondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Nitric oxide (NO) and vitamin C, E and A was estimated spectrophotometrically. Serum C-Reactive Protein, IL-21, TNF-α, AOPPs, AGE’s and MMP-3 was measured by ELISA method using Human-ELISA kits (Glory) Results: A statistically noteworthy raise of all the biomarkers level in serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was seen (p=0.001) comparable with healthy individuals. The correlation between joint damage progression diagnostic biomarker AGE and MMP-3 levels (r=0.485, 95% p=0.001) was highly significant. CRP and IL-21 also showed highly significant raise in joint inflammation (r=0.359, p=0.001). The results significantly depicted that model of MMP-3 levels at the onset of the disease and CRP and IL-21 were the robust interpreters of the erosion development. Similarly, antioxidants including Vitamin E, Vitamin C and Vitamin A were decreased in levels of (p<0.011), (p<0.011) and (p<0.022) respectively in RA subjects than in control subjects. Vitamin E, C and A are the most imperative free radical foragers within membrane. They also act as the major line of resistance against free radicals. Conclusion: Development of pain in joints in rheumatoid arthritis condition is due to the increase in the oxidative stress which is the key contrivance in the pathogenesis of RA. Keyword: Reactive oxygen species, Oxidative stress, oxidation of lipid peroxides, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, osteocyte damage.
Outcome of Gestational Diabetes during Pregnancy and at Delivery
Authors: Shaikh Hiba Arshad , Khan Sharin , Mustafa Ayesha , Depar Asma Ali , Mateen Bakhtawar , Shaikh Muhammad Taha Arshad
Published: November 2022

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a state of intolerance to glucose that initiates or is first diagnosed during gestation. About 1-14% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM. The pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality in gestational diabetes is lower than in overt diabetes; however, if left untreated, it is significantly higher than in nondiabetic women. Treating GDM is important because appropriate treatment reduces side effects on the mother and newborn. GDM during pregnancy has a number of adverse short- and long-term consequences for both the mother and the fetus. Aim: To establish the relationship between gestational diabetes and complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. Study Design: A prospective cohort study. Place and Duration: The study was conducted at the Karachi Aga Khan University Hospital in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from 22 November, 2018 to 22 May 2019, six months after the approval of the study. Methods: 130 patients, 65 patients in the GDM group and 65 patients in the non-GDM group were enrolled in the study. Demographic data were presented as standard deviation and mean as well as simple descriptive statistics, while qualitative variables as percentage and frequency. Chi-square test was applied for comparison of the incidence of complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Relative risk was calculated. Results: 130 total patients, including 65 patients in GDM group and 65 patients in non GDM group were included. Mean age in GDM and non GDM group was 29.27±2.79 years and 28.49±3.40 years. Outcome of pregnancy in GDM and non GDM group showed that 27 (41.5%) and 18 (27.7%) had pregnancy induced hypertension, 07 (10.8%) and 03 (4.6%) had pre-eclampsia, 29 (44.6%) and 07 (10.8%) had polyhydramnios, 04 (6.2%) and 02 (3.1%) had antepartum hemorrhage, 01 (1.5%) and 06 (9.2%) had premature rupture of membrane, 11 (16.9%) and 09 (13.8%) had preterm labour, 13 (20%) and 04 (6.2%) had urinary tract infection. Outcome of pregnancy in GDM and non GDM group showed 51 (78.5%) and 33 (50.8%) had induction of labour, 17 (26.2%) and 14 (21.5%) had low birth weight, 14 (51%) and 03 (4.6%) had macrosomia, 02 (3.1%) and 01 (1.5%) had birth injury and 10 (15.4%) and 11 (16.9%) had NICU admission. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is the utmost communal medicinal complication of pregnancy. It has negative consequences for the mother and the newborn baby. Maintaining glycemia in GDM decreases the morbidity of both baby and mother. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, delivery outcome, pregnancy outcome, maternal and fetal outcomes.
Accuracy of age Estimation Method Following the Length of Mandibular Body: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shaikh Marvi , Jabbar Abdul , Shah Sana , Hassan Syeda Sadia , Shaikh Alvina Ali , Shahid Hassan
Published: November 2022

Objective: The aim is to identify the accuracy of age estimation following the mandibular body length by lateral cephalograms Methodology: Mandibular body length was calculated using lateral cephalograms. 60 participants' lateral cephalograms were traced using the same view box. LMB was obtained by marking reference points on the most anteroinferior part of the mandible, specifically the gonion (Go), which is the constructed point at the intersection of the ramus plane and the mandibular plane, and the gnathion (Gn), which is the constructed point between the menton and the pogonion. With a ruler, the line drawn from Go to Gn was measured, and the results were recorded in millimeters. The results of the acquired values were statistically analyzed Result: With all these parameters (P >0.9516 mandibular body length the findings obtained are of no important distinction between estimated age and real age. The duration of the mandibular body indicates less normal error test (i.e. 0.188) among these. Practical implication Conclusion: mandibular body length was not statistically significant with the chronological age of the patient. The mandibular body length, however, is the highest parameter with the least standard error. Little difference was seen with LMB in this study, with a P value of 0.0490. The mean and standard deviation of the mean length of the mandibular body in males and females from lateral cephalogram showed insignificant results with the p-value. Keywords: lateral cephalogram, Mandibular measurements, and Orthopantomograms.
Comparative Effect of Lemon Grass Powder (Cympobogon Citrates) and B.T. Bacteria on Perdition of Rice Beetle (Sitophillus Oryzae)
Authors: Ibraheem Aljoboory Raghad Khalaf , Saber Ahmed J.
Published: November 2022

The rice weevil is considered one of the important insects on stored grains. The aim of the current study was to find death and repellant effect of both lemon grass(Cympobogon citrates) and bacterial preparations(Bacillus theuringensis) on Sitophillus oryzae , Where the results of the study indicated , Where the highest rate of killing of larvae was after two weeks reach 100% for the treatment bacteria at two concentrations ,while the treatment by lemongrass was 33.33% on concentration 10% . The highest rate of expulsion for adults was 100% after 48 hours of treatment of lemongrass and the bacterial preparation with concentrations 10 and 5 % Respectively, as for the treatment of expulsion of the insect larvae the study indicated that the highest percentage of expulsion was 100% after two hours of treatment with the powder and bacteria, for both concentrations of the two treatments. Keywords: Bacillus thurengensis , Cympobogon citrates , Sitophillus oryzae
Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitors with and without Inulin and its Effect on Kidney Function: An Experimental Study on Rabbit Model
Authors: Masood Sana , Ahsan Naveed , Saleem Aqsa Muhammad , Soomro Fiza , Jahan Sarwat , Shaikh Ghulam Serwar
Published: November 2022

Aim: To compare the effect of various PPIs (Omeprazole Esomeprazole & Pantoprazole) with and without Inulin on renal functions and serum electrolytes in the rabbit model. Study Design: An experimental study was conducted by the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh. Place and Duration: This study was completed in a duration of 6 months from 1st February 2021 to 31st July 2021. Methodology: Male and female rabbits weighting 1 to 3 Kilograms apparently healthy with no known illness were selected for the sample. In total 56 rabbits matching study eligibility criteria were included in the study and randomly divided into seven study groups each comprising of eight rabbits. Three groups were provided with three different PPIs i.e. Omeprazole, Esomeprazole and Pantoprazole while other three groups were provided with three different PPIs as well as inulin. However, the control group was only provided with placebo. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and at the end of 6th week. Serum electrolytes were analyzed for serum Magnesium, Calcium, Urea and Creatinine by using Cobas C-311 analyzer. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results: The study found no statistically significant differences in pre and post-intervention weight of rabbit in any of the experimental groups. The serum urea and creatinine levels showed considerable rise following intake of PPI, indicating a somewhat diminished efficiency of the kidneys to get rid of the body from excess urea and creatinine. However, the rise in urea and creatinine was statistically significant for Group A and Group C with rise in creatinine level following use of Omeprazole and Pantoprazole respectively (p-value <0.05).Electrolyte deficiencies were observed among all experimental groups. Groups that were treated with PPIs and inulin both showed much improved results as compared to rabbits which were treated with PPIs only. Practical Implications: Administration of PPIs along with inulin among human subjects to reduce the adverse effects; specially among critically ill patients or patients with compromised renal function human subject evidence needs to be established by conducting similar trials. This can be breakthrough in treatment protocols for gastritis and patients with renal disease who are also need to take PPIs for any medical indication. Conclusion: Proton Pump Inhibitors significantly change the normal electrolyte composition by increasing concentration of Serum Urea & Creatinine. However simultaneous inulin administration prevent most imbalances and possibly serves to reduce the adverse events associated with use of PPIs significantly. Keywords: Proton Pump Inhibitors, Inulin, Electrolytes,
The Agreement between the Conventional and Digital Radiographs in Detection of Intracanal Separated Files
Authors: Memon Anosha , Kumar Kelash , Humayun Mubariz Ahmed , Ahmed Israa , Ahmed Shakaib , ullah Jamshid
Published: November 2022

Objective: to determine the agreement between the conventional and digital radiographs in detection of intra canal separated files. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Operative Dentistry Department, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from 01-03-2020 to 31-08-2020. A total of 71 Permanent single straight rooted, consisting of single canal extracted teeth were included in this study. Preoperatively radiograph was taken from mesiodistal (M-D) and buccolingual (B-L) direction to confirm the inclusion criteria. Root canal was prepared and the file was inserted to the working length, a counterclockwise motion was performed till the separation of file occurs. Then radiograph was taken to confirm the separated file at working length. Results: Agreement between the conventional and digital radiographs in detection of intra canal separated files was 90.4%. The kappa value between the conventional and digital radiographs was 0.534 which is statistically significant and considered as a moderate degree of agreement. Practical Implication: Correct radiographic detection helps identify the cause, improves in therapy choice, and offers medico legal security in cases of retreatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, both modalities can be used for detection and facilitate in finding the cause and helps in decision making for treatment and provides medico legal security in the retreatment cases. Keywords: Conventional radiograph, Digital Radiographs, Endodontic treatment, Separated file.