bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance of causes of urinary tract infections in patients at the Public Health Institute Kragujevac
Authors: Lazarević Jelena , Nikolić Biljana , Malešević Zoranka , Ninković Violeta
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Aim: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in primary healthcare. The aim of this study was the microbiological analysis of urine of infirmary patients at the Institute of Public Health in Kragujevac during the six-month period (1 st November 2020 -30th April 2021). Methods: Causes of urinary tract infections were identified retrospectively, according to the collected data, and their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined with the help of antibiogram method. Results: A six-month analysis of urine samples of infirmary patients included 4809 urine samples. Of all analyzed samples, 1218 (25.3%) were positive to pathogens. The commonest urinary tract pathogens in the examined period were the following: Escherichia coli 842 (69.1%), Klebsiella spp. 252 (20.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 71 (5.8%) and Enterococcus group 53 (4.4%). E. coli was more frequent in women (82.7%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more frequent in men (76.1%). Klebsiella spp. and Enterococcus spp. were almost equally present in men and women. First-choice drugs in the treatment of urinary infections would be the following: for E. coli amikacin (aminoglycoside) and fosfomycin, and for Klebsiella spp. meropenem (carbapenem) and also amikacin. As far as P. aeruginosa is concerned, meropenem was shown to be the most efficient, as well as the penicillin antibiotic piperacillin-tazobactam. Conclusion: Considering that uropathogens possess mechanisms for the development of resistance, the treatment should include antibiotics depending on the results of antibiogram.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Authors: Makević-Đurić Mirjana , Đurić Milivoje
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Aim: Haemolytic disease of the newborn is haemolytic anaemia that occurs as a consequence of mismatched blood of the parents, that is, the mismatch of blood elements between the mother and fetus in the ABO or Rh system. The aim of this study is to report a case of haemolytic disease of the newborn which occurred as a result of ABO incompatibility. Case report: Indirect hyperbilirubinemia was registered in a female newborn in the 18th hour of life. The blood group of the newborn was A Rh (D) positive, the direct Coombs test was positive and anti-A antibodies were detected in baby's blood. This case was successfully managed with phototherapy and simple red blood cells transfusion without the need for exchange transfusion. Conclusion: ABO incompatibility can be a major problem in the prenatal, perinatal or neonatal periods. Special attention should be paid to pregnant women whose children from previous pregnancies had hyperbilirubinemia or whose pregnancies were ended in miscarriage.
Origin of enteric nervous system cells and migration pathways during embryonic development
Authors: Đuknić Miloš , Puškaš Nela , Labudović-Borović Milica , Janković Radmila
Published: July 2022

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is represented by a complex network of neurons, glial and other cells within the wall of the digestive tract. ENS is responsible for numerous, vital functions in our body. Thus, ENS regulates motility of the digestive tract, secretion into the intestinal lumen, exchange of fluid and electrolytes through the mucosa, as well as mucosal perfusion. In order to perform these important functions, proper embryonic development of ENS is necessary. ENS cells are derived from precursor cells of the neural crest (NCCs - neural crest cells). Two cell populations that contribute to the largest number of future ENS cells are the vagal and sacral NCCs. Vagal NCCs enter the primitive gut tube in the region of the future esophagus (foregut), and begin their migration, through the midgut towards the hindgut and the future anal region. Sacral NCCs enter the hindgut region following the extrinsic nerve fibers and continue their migration rostrally, towards vagal NCCs. Along with the migration process, these cells undergo other important processes, such as proliferation, neuro-glial differentiation, gangliogenesis, axonal pathway formation and synaptogenesis. All these processes are strictly regulated by numerous signaling pathways, which are still being actively researched. Modern lineage tracing and other technologies, that enabled following of individual precursor cells through their development pathways, will significantly contribute to the better understanding of development of ENS. This may have repercussions in improving the diagnosis and treatment of some developmental (Hirschsprung disease) and other ENS disorders.
Prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection among men who have sex with men tested in a non-governmental organization in Belgrade
Authors: Bjekić Milan
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Aim: In Belgrade, syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection most often occur among men who have sex with men who are often stigmatized and discriminated and hesitate to come to health institutions for testing for these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection among men who have sex with men who were tested in the "check-point" center of the association "Potent" in Belgrade. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 993 participants tested for HIV and 860 participans tested for syphilis by rapid screening tests HEXAGON SYPHILIS and HEXAGON HIV. The results of rapid HIV tests were confirmed by a positive Western-Blot test at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the Clinical Center of Serbia, and for syphilis by positive serological tests (VDRL - Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and TPHA - Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay) at the City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade. Proportions, percentages and the ch2 test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: A positive test for HIV was recorded in 11 (1.1%), and a positive test for syphilis in 34 participants (3.9%). The youngest newly diagnosed HIV positive case was 22 years old and the oldest 46 years old, while the youngest case with a positive test for syphilis was 19 years old and the oldest 68. Conclusion: Strategies for testing for syphilis and HIV among men who have sex with men should be diverse, including community testing conducted by non-government organization in cooperation with health facilities.
The effects of cadmium on the transport processes in proximal tubular cells of kidneys
Authors: Pejović Teodora , Kovačević Sanjin , Nešović-Ostojić Jelena
Published: July 2022

Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic metal that is widespread in nature. Due to its favorable properties, it was widely used in the industry for the production of alkaline batteries, accumulators, pigments, and colored alloys. However, it has been shown that exposure to low concentrations of cadmium leads to damage to many organs and organ systems, and the use of this metal in industry is reduced, and it is replaced by other, less harmful materials. Today, fossil fuel combustion and cigarette consumption are important sources of cadmium exposure. Numerous studies have examined the toxic effects of cadmium and they highlight the kidneys, liver, gonads as the organs that suffer the most damage. The kidneys, as the main place of cadmium storage in the body, are mostly exposed to its toxic effects. In the proximal tubular cells of the kidney, exposure to cadmium disrupts transport processes. Although ionized cadmium (Cd 2+) is thought to be largely responsible for the damage that occurs, the role of the cadmium and metallothionein complex (Cd-MT) cannot be ignored. Peritubular exposure to ionized cadmium indirectly leads to a decrease in the activity of the Na + /L-alanine cotransporter and a decrease in the rate of slow repolarization of the luminal membrane, while the Cd-MT complex leads to both direct and indirect inhibition of this transporter. Also, the Cd-MT complex inhibits Na + /Glucosa cotransporter activity. Exposure to cadmium also leads to a decrease in the endocytic uptake of low molecular weight proteins, which is accompanied by microalbuminuria.
Attitudes of health workers about the academic education of nurses In Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kucurski Ljubiša , Pavlović Jelena , Savić Ljiljana , Savić Marko , Hadživuković Natalija
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Aim: The problems facing the health sector in the Balkans, but also in most European Union countries (especially highly developed countries) is the lack of university-educated nurses in the labor market. The aim of the paper was to examine the attitudes of health professionals about the importance and possibilities of academic education of nurses. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 233 health workers in the period from July 10, 2019 to August 31, 2019 in the Public Health Institution (PHI) Health Center Zvornik, PHI Health Center Foca, PHI General Hospital Zvornik, PHI University Hospital Foca. All respondents filled out a questionnaire, which was previously culturally adapted. ch2 was used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: The majority of health workers (73.8%) were women. There were slightly more women under the age of 50, and men over the age of 50. There were 41.3% of doctors/specialists, 42.2% of nurses with secondary education, and 16.4% of nurses with post-secondary and higher education. The largest percentage of health workers (91.4%) state that they are familiar with the possibilities of nursing education, while 69.5% are of the opinion that thorough secondary education and specialization is enough for nurses. About half of health workers (50.2%), regardless of the level of education, states that there is no need for the education of nurses at the level of doctoral studies, and ¼ abstained on this issue. Doctors of medicine and specialist doctors and nurses with secondary education were statistically significantly more likely (ch2 = 10,151; p = 0.038) to consider that there is no need for education of nurses at the level of doctoral studies than nurses with post-secondary and higher education. The largest percentage of health workers (66.6%) have the opinion that the nurse has the same authority as other team members, 86.3% agree with the statement that the development of the nursing profession will affect the quality of health care, and 55.8% believe that nurses have the professional capacity, knowledge and experience to innovate solutions and manage the inevitable changes on the pathway to modern nursing. Conclusion: In order to raise the reputation of the nursing profession, it is necessary to define the scope of work and set clear boundaries between the competencies of nurses of different levels of education at the level of the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In order to further develop the nursing profession, better promotion of new postgraduate programs is necessary.
La Educación superior durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil: factores que influyeron en la participación de los estudiantes
Authors: Lopes da Silva Eduardo Jorge , Alencar Maria Fernanda dos Santos , Carvalho Waldênia Leão de
Published: July 2022

La pandemia del Coronavirus afectó desde principios de 2020, en todos los ámbitos so- ciales. En Brasil, este hecho no fue diferente. La COVID-19, implicó la puesta en marcha de medidas de aislamiento social, y exigió una readaptación de la vida, de las condiciones de trabajo y, en con- secuencia, de las condiciones de los trabajadores y usuarios de servicios públicos para poder acceder a esos servicios. En el ámbito educativo, creó nuevas desigualdades sociales derivadas de la falta de acceso de docentes y estudiantes a tecnologías, herramientas y programas. Por otra parte, se detectaron problemas relacionados con la salud, problemas financieros a causa del desempleo y se hizo evidente la inexistencia de políticas que redujeran la jornada laboral, entre otras cuestiones. Ante esta realidad, la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), la Universidad Federal de Paraíba (UFPB) y la Universidad de Pernambuco (UPE), ubicadas en el nordeste de Brasil, desarrollaron una investigación interinstitucional sobre los factores que influyeron en la participación de estudiantes de pregrado en clases a distancia durante el período de aislamiento social. En ese sentido, este artícu- lo tiene como objetivo presentar resultados parciales de esta investigación relacionados con el perfil del alumnado y las infraestructuras de las que disponían estos estudiantes para su participación en clases a distancia de sus respectivas carreras de grado.
El portafolio digital como herramienta de aprendizaje en la supervisión de prácticas durante la COVID-19
Authors: Viscarret Juan Jesús , Úriz María Jesús , Ballestero Alberto
Published: July 2022

Las prácticas profesionales son un elemento fundamental para vincular la formación teórica con la aplicación de conocimientos y competencias al ámbito profesional. En marzo de 2020 la COVID-19 hizo que los equipos docentes de prácticas tuviesen que rediseñarlas para cumplir con las actividades formativas y, en ese contexto, el portafolio digital demostró ser una herramienta fundamental. El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar la utilidad del portafolio digital como herramienta de aprendizaje en la supervisión de prácticas del Máster Universitario en Intervención Social de la Universidad Pública de Navarra. La metodología de la investigación obedece a un estu- dio cualitativo de caso, mediante el análisis de los portafolios elaborados por el alumnado durante los cursos académicos 2019-2020 y 2020-2021. Los resultados del estudio proporcionan más for- talezas que debilidades respecto al uso del portafolio digital como herramienta de supervisión de prácticas. Finalmente, las conclusiones ofrecen una serie de sugerencias útiles para mejorar el uso del portafolio en el futuro.
Las necesidades de formación de las educadoras y los educadores	sociales en el ámbito de la infancia y la adolescencia vulnerable
Authors: Tarín Cayuela Manuel
Published: July 2022

La figura profesional del educador y la educadora social que conocemos hoy en día es fruto de un largo proceso de definición de una profesión. Esta se ha desarrollado históricamente desde profesionales con diferentes niveles de formación y provenientes de disciplinas científicas di- versas, variable que influye directamente en los procesos de especialización profesional. El grado universitario de Educación Social ha ido homogenizando esta diversidad, pero sigue enfrentándose al reto de desarrollar itinerarios formativos que den respuesta a ámbitos de intervención específicos. Esta investigación pretende identificar las necesidades de formación de los educadores y las educadoras sociales que trabajan en el ámbito de la infancia y adolescencia vulnerable. En este tra- bajo se ha realizado un análisis cuantitativo a partir de una amplia muestra de profesionales que trabajan en diferentes tipos de recursos. Los resultados muestran que existe una preocupación so- bre la necesidad de formación en temas relacionados con las conductas disruptivas, especialmente de los adolescentes, demandando que dimensiones como los problemas de conducta, la violencia y la resolución de conflictos, ocupen un lugar importante en las ofertas e itinerarios formativos. El grado universitario de Educación Social en la actualidad sigue teniendo un carácter generalista y los másteres o postgrados universitarios específicos desde la perspectiva de la Educación Social aún están en proceso de desarrollo. Detectamos una necesidad emergente respecto a la formación espe- cializada en el ámbito de la infancia y adolescencia vulnerable. Este parece un espacio formativo a desarrollar tanto desde el sector profesional como desde la esfera universitaria.
Development of an information and software model of a specialized concrete work flow to ensure the continuity of the production cycle.
Authors: Fakhretdinov Aidar Ramilevich , Sultanova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2022

Abstract The subject of the study is the process of automating the calculation of the parameters of the design of the technology of concrete works and the justification of the "standard set" of equipment for the organization of a specialized flow of concreting of a typical floor. The transport-concrete cycle is a synchronized schedule of works of the production cycle for laying concrete mix and the dynamics of the ABS kit movement, ensuring the continuity of concreting, through the use of the selected technological scheme of concreting. It determines the continuity of the technological processes of laying the concrete mixture, based on the requirements of mandatory compliance with the concreting time and reducing the number of technological and organizational interruptions of the parameters of the complex process. Thus, the automation of the presented techniques will significantly facilitate the calculation of the total duration of the construction of the monolithic part of the building and ensure the continuity of work on the construction site The scientific novelty lies in the development of a new information system that will allow calculating organizational and technological parameters. The specialized flow of monolithic concrete works consists of reinforcement, concrete and formwork works taking into account architectural planning, structural and technological factors of the designed buildings and structures. For its successful organization, it is necessary to have a "standard set" of equipment and tooling for the manufacture of reinforcement products, formwork systems and the preparation of commercial concrete mixtures. For a simpler calculation of the total duration of the construction of the monolithic part of the building and uninterrupted operation on the construction site, it was proposed to automate the methods of organization, planning and management of construction.
Russian School of Poetic Translation: the path from letter to Image
Authors: Grunina Yuliya Aleksandrovna , Terentieva Ekaterina Dmitrievna
Published: July 2022

The subject of the research in the article are the principles of literary translation of foreign authors in our country. The object of the research are the works of famous Soviet and Russian translators of foreign literature, as well as the views on the translation art of such outstanding researchers as K. I. Chukovsky, I. A. Kashkin, S. F. Goncharenko, A.V. Fedorov, E. G. Etkind, etc. Special attention is paid to the problem of translating folk speech. As an example, the authors of the article consider translations of the "Poem about One Day" by the Spanish poet and thinker Antonio Machado, made by I. Tynyanova and N. Gorskaya. Biographical, descriptive and cultural-historical methods were used in the work. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that for the first time a comparative analysis of two versions of the translation of one of the works of A. Machado is carried out. The relevance of this article is due to the importance of the problems of literary translation in Russian culture, the insufficient level of research of A. Machado's creative heritage in Russian Spanish studies and the lack of a detailed analysis of translations of his works into Russian. The main conclusions of the work confirm the refusal of domestic translators of foreign poetry from the "literalist" approach to translation, the desire to convey the spirit, images, and rhythm of the poetic text by means of the native language. This is also confirmed by the comparison of two ways of transmitting live folk colloquial speech in the analyzed translations.
Un enfoque fuzzy para la autoevaluación en micro y pequeñas empresas de construcción
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA India, Dhanabal P. , Sushmitha K S ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA India, Narendra Reddy P. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA India
Published: July 2022

Este estudio evalúa las características de la durabilidad del ferrocemento mezclado con mortero de geopolímeros después de ser sometido al fuego. El ferrocemento fue preparado con mortero de geopolímeros y se comparó con el ferrocemento convencional preparado solo con mortero de cemento. Previamente, se estandarizó la concentración molar de la solución de hidróxido de sodio usada para preparar el mortero de geopolímeros mediante la resistencia residual de los cubos de mortero preparados con diversas concentraciones de NaOH. Se determinó y comparó la resistencia residual a flexión de probetas de hormigón preparadas con diferentes porcentajes en volumen (1,5%, 1,8% y 2,1%) de ferro-geopolímeros y ferrocemento, las que luego fueron sometidas durante dos horas a tres niveles de temperatura entre los 300°C y 900°C. Además, probetas con los mismos porcentajes en volumen fueron expuestas a temperaturas sobre los 900°C con el objetivo de determinar su resistencia residual al impacto. Se determinaron las características de la resistencia al fuego de las probetas en términos de Resistencia residual a flexión, resistencia residual al impacto y pérdida de peso. En todos los aspectos, las probetas preparadas con ferro-geopolímeros mostraron un comportamiento superior a las probetas convencionales de ferrocemento.
Closing Now to Reopen Better Tomorrow? Pedagogical Continuity in Latin American Universities During the Pandemic
Authors: Pedró Francesc , Ramos Torres Débora
Published: July 2022

Latin American universities have struggled to ensure pedagogical continuity since the beginning of the pandemic. The objective of this research is to find out how Latin American universities responded to the many challenges posed by their commitment to pedagogical continuity, namely in the technological, pedagogical, financial, and socio-emotional domains, and the support received from their governments. Data was collected through a survey sampling 100 universities in the region covering 16 different countries. The results suggest that many of the challenges faced by universities were more related to the lack of pedagogical skills, from both students and teachers, than to the pitfalls of technological capacity. The survey results are also indicative that the forms of teaching and learning that have begun as emergency formulas to guarantee pedagogical continuity will evolve and consolidate from the time of the reopening, as part of the hybrid model with which we will have to coexist for the time being, and which may become the new pedagogical norm in higher education in the context of a foreseeable restructuring of its provision.
A Study on Mine Localization of Forward Looking Sonar Considering the Effect of Underwater Sound Refraction
Authors: Sul Hoseok , Oh Raegeun , Yang Wonjun , Yoon Young Geul , Choi Jee Woong , Han Sangkyu , Kwon Bumsoo
Published: July 2022

Mine detection has been mainly studied with images of the forward-looking sonar. Forward-looking sonar assumes the propagation path of the sound wave as a straight path, creating the surrounding images. This might lead to errors in the detection by ignoring the refraction of the sound wave. In this study, we propose a mine localization method that can robustly identify the location of mines in an underwater environment by considering the refraction of sound waves. We propose a method of estimating the elevation angle of arrival of the target echo signal in a single receiver, and estimate the mine location by applying the estimated elevation angle of arrival to ray tracing. As a result of simulation, the method proposed in this paper was more effective in estimating the mine localization than the existing method that assumed the propagation path as a straight line.
Characteristic Property of Combustion and Internal Ballistics of Triple-Based Propellant including RDX
Authors: Son Soojung , Lee Wonmin , Lee Woojin , Kwon Soonkil , Jung Jinyoung
Published: July 2022

The current development tend of the gun propellants that they should have low sensitivity and high energy. We studied a nitrocellulose based propellant composition that replaced sensitive NG with RDX and DEGDN which high energy and low sensitivity. The important factors in the design of the gun propellant were impetus and flame temperature. NC-based propellant containing RDX showed similar impetus but low flame temperature compared to KM30A1, a triple-based propellant. The developed propellant composition didn’t show any abnormal combustion reaction and the characteristics of ballistic resistance were also confirmed.
Elucidating tumour‐associated microglia/macrophage diversity along glioblastoma progression and underACOD1deficiency
Authors: Pires‐Afonso Yolanda , Muller Arnaud , Grzyb Kamil , Oudin Anaïs , Yabo Yahaya A. , Sousa Carole , Scafidi Andrea , Poli Aurélie , Cosma Antonio , Halder Rashi , Coowar Djalil , Golebiewska Anna , Skupin Alexander , Niclou Simone P. , Michelucci Alessandro
Published: July 2022

In glioblastoma (GBM), tumour‐associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) represent the major cell type of the stromal compartment and contribute to tumour immune escape mechanisms. Thus, targeting TAMs is emerging as a promising strategy for immunotherapy. However, TAM heterogeneity and metabolic adaptation along GBM progression represent critical features for the design of effective TAM‐targeted therapies. Here, we comprehensively study the cellular and molecular changes of TAMs in the GL261 GBM mouse model, combining single‐cell RNA‐sequencing with flow cytometry and immunohistological analyses along GBM progression and in the absence ofAcod1(also known asIrg1), a key gene involved in the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages towards an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Similarly to patients, we identify distinct TAM profiles, mainly based on their ontogeny, that reiterate the idea that microglia‐ and macrophage‐like cells show key transcriptional differences and dynamically adapt along GBM stages. Notably, we uncover decreased antigen‐presenting cell features and immune reactivity in TAMs along tumour progression that are instead enhanced inAcod1‐deficient mice. Overall, our results provide insight into TAM heterogeneity and highlight a novel role forAcod1in TAM adaptation during GBM progression.
Fbxo45‐mediated NP‐STEP46 degradation via K6‐linked ubiquitination sustains ERK activity in lung cancer
Authors: Wang Qian , Xu Ci , Cai Renjie , An Weishu , Yuan Haihua , Xu Ming
Published: July 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most threatening malignant tumors to human health. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeted therapy is a common and essential means for the clinical treatment of lung cancer. However, drug resistance has always affected the therapeutic effect and survival rate in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor heterogeneity is a significant reason, yielding various drug resistance mechanisms, such as EGFR‐dependent or ‐independent extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and/or 2 (ERK1/2) activation in NSCLC. To examine whether this aberrant activation of ERK1/2 is related to the loss of function of its specific phosphatase, a series of in vitro and in vivo assays were performed. We found that F‐box/SPRY domain‐containing protein 1 (Fbxo45) induces ubiquitination of NP‐STEP46, an active form of striatal‐enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase, with a K6‐linked poly‐ubiquitin chain. This ubiquitination led to proteasome degradation in the nucleus, which then sustains the aberrant level of phosphorylated‐ERK (pERK) and promotes tumor growth of NSCLC. Fbxo45 silencing can significantly inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth. Moreover, NSCLC cells with silenced Fbxo45 showed great sensitivity to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) afatinib. Here, we first report this critical pERK maintenance mechanism, which might be independent of the upstream kinase activity in NSCLC. We propose that inhibiting Fbxo45 may combat the issue of drug resistance in NSCLC patients, especially combining with EGFR‐TKI therapy.
Rapid Forming of Nanowire Array on Polyvinylidene Fluoride Polymer Surfaces at Room Temperature by Ultrasonic Loading
Authors: Li Zhen , Fu Jianan , Zhang Liangchi , Ma Jiang , Shen Jun
Published: July 2022

Forming nanostructures on a substrate have been an effective approach to regulating surface properties without changing material chemical compositions. However, such nano‐forming processes are generally based on thermal plastic forming that needs to heat substrate material to its melting point, which is time‐consuming and induces a risk of oxidation, aging, or phase transition, especially when the material is a polymer. This research work develops a novel method to rapidly form nanowire arrays on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer at room temperature. Assisted by ultrasonic vibration, nanowires with a diameter of 200 nm are formed on PVDF surface within 0.7 s, while the highest forming temperature is 124 °C only, which is much lower than the melting point. In addition, the original β phase of PVDF can be retained after nano‐forming by adjusting ultrasonic loading time. The agglomeration mechanism of the formed nanowires on the surface was also proposed based on the transverse flow and residual stress release during ultrasonic forming process. The water contact angle measurement showed that nanowire arrays altered the surface wettability of PVDF from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. This ultrasonic‐assisted processing provides a new approach for functional surface design of PVDF and rapid nanostructure forming for various applications.
Superior Stable, Highly Efficient, and Anisotropic Electrothermal Composite Heater in Various Directions with Fast Response Based on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheets
Authors: Liu Li , Aouraghe Mohamed Amine , Xiao Shan , Wang Rongwu , Xu Fujun
Published: July 2022

Flexible electrothermal heaters have a great potential for applications of warm‐keeping and thermotherapy. However, those common electrothermal heaters are so sensitive to strain that they are hard to resistant to deformation while still keeping the stable and outstanding electrothermal performance. Here, a flexible and elastic composite heater with a stable electrothermal property under varied strain with large deformation is developed by mimicking the wrinkle feature of human skin in a carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bilayered structure. The created wrinkle feature of CNT film from the resilience of PDMS makes the electrothermal heater a stable electrothermal performance within 30–40% strain in different directions. The aligned preference of CNTs in the CNT film gives the electrothermal heater an ability that shows different electrothermal performance depending on different angles between the direction of CNT alignment and the long axis of the sample. This composite electrothermal heater also presents a highly efficient electrothermal performance that can reach 200 °C within 30s upon 2 V.
Experimental Evidence of High‐Efficiency Nonlocal Waterborne Acoustic Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Tian , Lin Zibin , Yang Tianzhi
Published: July 2022

Inspired by recent theoretical demonstrations of nonlocal waterborne acoustic metasurfaces (WAMs), herein experimental evidence of a WAM with highly nonlocal features for high‐efficient waterborne sound control is proposed. An easy‐to‐implement nonlocal metasurface with enhanced long‐range interaction is designed and the effects of fluid–solid interaction (FSI) are considered. Results show that the nonlocal WAMs are observed to manipulate underwater sound with enhanced efficiency, as high as 97% was experimentally achieved, compared with a maximum efficiency of 71% of the conventional local devices. Besides, the robustness against frequency fluctuations and coarse discretization of the nonlocal WAMs are observed. The proposed device is potentially applicable for underwater signal communication and high‐resolution ultrasonic imaging.
Bacterial Toxin‐Responsive Biomimetic Nanobubbles for Precision Photodynamic Therapy against Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhuge Deli , Li Li , Wang Haonan , Yang Xuewei , Tian Dongyan , Yin Qingqing , Chen Hao , Weng Cuiye , Wen Bin , Lin Yijing , Huh Joo Young , Zhang Xufei , Chen Mengchun , Xie Congying , Zhao Yingzheng , Chen Yijie
Published: July 2022

With few options available for the effective treatment of multidrug‐resistant bacteria, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy that does not promote the development of antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, the beneficial bactericidal effect of PDT is oftentimes accompanied by the uncontrollable production of reactive oxygen species. To overcome this issue, a pore‐forming toxin (PFT)‐responsive biomimetic nanobubble is designed, which is constructed by co‐encapsulating a perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion and a photosensitizer within the red blood cell membrane. It is shown that PFTs derived from three pathogens, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), group A Streptococcus (GAS), and Listeria monocytogenes (LM), can be effectively absorbed by the nanobubble. Upon toxin absorption, the formation of pores on the nanobubble surface allows the accelerated release of oxygen dissolved inside the nanoemulsion along with the photosensitizer, thus resulting in enhanced PDT and bactericidal efficacy. In three skin infection models, treatment with the nanobubbles results in significantly decreased lesion formation and reduced inflammation. In addition to oxygen, the platform can be used to deliver nitric oxide in a bacterial toxin‐dependent manner. Overall, biomimetic nanobubbles may work as a broad gas delivery system that is capable of responding to a variety of PFT‐based stimuli for precision PDT.
Enabling Electron Injection for Microbial Electrosynthesis with n‐Type Conjugated Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Quek Glenn , Vázquez Ricardo Javier , McCuskey Samantha R. , Kundukad Binu , Bazan Guillermo C.
Published: July 2022

Microbial electrosynthesis—using renewable electricity to stimulate microbial metabolism—holds the promise of sustainable chemical production. A key limitation hindering performance is slow electron‐transfer rates at biotic–abiotic interfaces. Here a new n‐type conjugated polyelectrolyte is rationally designed and synthesized and its use is demonstrated as a soft conductive material to encapsulate electroactive bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1. The self‐assembled 3D living biocomposite amplifies current uptake from the electrode ≈674‐fold over controls with the same initial number of cells, thereby enabling continuous synthesis of succinate from fumarate. Such functionality is a result of the increased number of bacterial cells having intimate electronic communication with the electrode and a higher current uptake per cell. This is underpinned by the molecular design of the polymer to have an n‐dopable conjugated backbone for facile reduction by the electrode and zwitterionic side chains for compatibility with aqueous media. Moreover, direct arylation polycondensation is employed instead of the traditional Stille polymerization to avoid non‐biocompatible tin by‐products. By demonstrating synergy between living cells with n‐type organic semiconductor materials, these results provide new strategies for improving the performance of bioelectrosynthesis technologies.
A Reactive Superhydrophobic Platform for Living Photolithography
Authors: Xie Xinjian , Chen Xinghao , Levkin Pavel A. , Feng Wenqian
Published: July 2022

Superhydrophobic surfaces with regional functions have widespread applications in biotechnology, diagnostic applications, and micro‐chemical synthesis and analysis. However, owing to their chemical inertness, superhydrophobic surfaces with chemical reactivity are difficult to achieve. Superhydrophobic surfaces that can be further modified with varied densities and expanded species of the functional moieties are not readily available. In this study, a single‐step approach to achieve a reactive superhydrophobic surface is reported, on which chemical grafting of a library of molecules can be carried out through surface‐initiated atom‐transfer radical addition or surface‐initiated atom‐transfer radical polymerization. The excellent spatial and temporal controllability of these chemical processes under visible light enables us to take advantage of programmed liquid‐crystal‐display (LCD) or Digital Light Processing (DLP) photolithography systems to effortlessly regulate the location, density, and species of the functional molecules on the reactive superhydrophobic surface. The distinctive properties of this surface will provide new insight into intelligent superhydrophobic material development and practical applications, such as aqueous/oil microdroplets array, multi‐anti‐counterfeiting labels and integrated microfluidic reactors with enzymes for chemical logic learning.
Efficient Electroreduction of Nitrate into Ammonia at Ultralow Concentrations Via an Enrichment Effect
Authors: Song Zhimin , Liu Yan , Zhong Yongzhi , Guo Qing , Zeng Jie , Geng Zhigang
Published: July 2022

The electroreduction of nitrate (NO3−) pollutants to ammonia (NH3) offers an alternative approach for both wastewater treatment and NH3 synthesis. Numerous electrocatalysts have been reported for the electroreduction of NO3− to NH3, but most of them demonstrate poor performance at ultralow NO3− concentrations. In this study, a Cu‐based catalyst for electroreduction of NO3− at ultralow concentrations is developed by encapsulating Cu nanoparticles in a porous carbon framework (Cu@C). At −0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), Cu@C achieves Faradaic efficiency for NH3 of 72.0% with 1 × 10−3 m NO3−, which is 3.6 times higher than that of Cu nanoparticles. Notably, at −0.9 V vs RHE, the yield rate of NH3 for Cu@C is 469.5 µg h−1 cm−2, which is the highest value reported for electrocatalysts with 1 × 10−3 m NO3−. An investigation of the mechanism reveals that NO3− can be concentrated owing to the enrichment effect of the porous carbon framework in Cu@C, thereby facilitating the mass transfer of NO3− for efficient electroreduction into NH3 at ultralow concentrations.
Microfluidic Device for Monitoring Catalytic Events on Armored Bubbles
Authors: Dedovets Dmytro , Zhang Shi , Leng Jacques , Pera‐Titus Marc
Published: July 2022

A polydimethylsiloxane‐based microfluidic device allows monitoring local oxidation events in organic solvents at the level of an individual air bubble armored with surface‐active low‐surface energy catalytic particles. This new technique permits tunable design of microreactors for gas‐liquid‐solid reactions.
Research Progress on the Design of Structural Color Materials Based on 3D Printing
Authors: Zhao Chen‐fei , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhuo‐qing , Chi Congcong
Published: July 2022

The structural color is produced by the reflection of light through a periodic dielectric structure with photonic bandgap. Because of its special visual effects, researchers in many fields begin to pay attention to photonic crystals with structural colors. This review focuses on the combination of 3D printing technology and photonic crystal structural color materials, summarizes the influence factors of structural color rendering mechanism and the evaluation of color performance, and summarizes the research of structural color materials in simulation. Finally, the challenges faced by structural color materials are summarized, and the future development trend of structural color materials is prospected.
Boost Lasing Performances of 2D Semiconductor in a Hybrid Tungsten Diselenide Monolayer/Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots Microcavity Laser
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Ting , Chang Chiao‐Yun , Yu Cheng‐Li , Lee Andrew Boyi , Gu Shih‐Yu , Lu Li‐Syuan , Zhang Yu‐Wei , Lin Shih‐Yen , Chang Wen‐Hao , Chang Shu‐Wei , Shih Min‐Hsiung
Published: July 2022

Monolayer (ML) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are suitable for use in low‐threshold, room‐temperature lasers. 2D semiconductor lasers are coherent, compact, and are suitable for multispectral light sources. 0D quantum dot technology has been applied in broadband‐emitting devices and high‐quality display systems. Herein, dual‐color continuous‐wave microcavity lasers are investigated by integrating a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer and cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) into a single microdisk cavity. The hybrid TMDC/QD microcavity device not only achieves lasing in two distinct wavelength regions but also boosts the lasing performances of the WSe2 monolayer due to the energy conversion between the two gain materials. Variations in the spectra obtained under power‐dependent lasing are examined, and the temporal coherence properties of the lasing signals are also characterized to verify the lasing actions. The results indicate that the lasing threshold of the 2D WSe2 monolayer cavity with the CdSe QDs is reduced by more than 2.5 times compared with the WSe2 cavity without the QDs. These findings both expand the wavelength range of TMDC‐based compact lasers at room temperature and facilitate their implementation in applications such as photonic integrated circuits, broadband light‐emitting diodes, and quantum display systems.
AIE Molecules UV‐Filtering Effect Improves the Photostability of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng Li , Zhang Lifu , Mao Liucheng , Hu Xiaotian , Wei Yen , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: July 2022

Due to the poor stability of organic solar cells (OSCs), especially ultraviolet light (UV) stability, they are not yet up to the standard for commercial applications. Inverted devices based on the ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) are relatively thermal‐ and air‐stable, while their UV light stability is poor. Moreover, the active layer materials undergo severe degradation under UV light, which also causes the degradation of the device. Here, aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecules as an optical barrier layer are coated between ZnO‐ETL and active layer to fabricate efficient OSCs with excellent UV photostability. AIE molecules can avoid direct photodegradation of the active layer materials by absorbing UV light. At the same time, they can passivate the oxygen defects on the ZnO surface and prevent photocatalytic degradation of the active layer materials. Therefore, the ZnO/TPIZ‐based devices maintain 84% of the original power conversion efficiency (PCE) with continuous irradiation by 5 mW cm–2 UV light (365 nm) for 1500 h, and similarly T80 for more than 700 h under 20 mW cm–2 UV light exposure. Moreover, the ZnO/TPIZ‐based devices also preserve excellent thermal stability accompanying the upgrading of PCE.
Lattice Model of Fluid Transport in Mixed Matrix Membranes
Authors: Yuan Tianmu , Sarkisov Lev
Published: July 2022

This work offers a computationally efficient theoretical framework to investigate transport phenomena in complex systems such as mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). It is demonstrated here that a wide variety of heterogeneous, disordered geometries can be constructed using lattice models. These geometries combined with the dynamic mean field theory (DMFT) provide useful insights on the distribution of density and flux in the structures. From this work, the DMFT emerges as a theoretical playground to explore transport phenomena in MMMs under a variety of conditions and probe some of the assumptions involved in the commonly used macroscopic models. As a case study, a comparison of the predictions of the DMFT is considered with several classical macroscopic theories. In the preliminary observations, the study points to a much greater impact of the pore blocking effects on the overall transport of the composite system in comparison with the macroscopic models.
Resistive Random Access Memory Behaviors in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Ultra‐Thin Films
Authors: Kim Min Ju , Martinez Alba , Jeong Jaejoong , Kim Seongho , Hwang Wan Sik , Cho Byung Jin
Published: July 2022

Resistive random‐access memory (ReRAM) has been considered for future memory devices, because of its low‐power consumption and a high degree of integration. In this study, hybrid (H‐) ReRAM devices are proposed using ultra‐thin (<10 nm) Al, Hf, and Zr hybrid films prepared via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The hybrid films homogeneously consist of organic and inorganic components, which allow simultaneous metal atoms migration and oxygen vacancy generation. Regardless of hybrid matrix, H‐ReRAMs show highly reliable performance results (on/off ratio >104, endurance >106, retention >104 s), which are notable results compared to conventional ReRAM devices. The resistance changes of the conducting filament in the devices are observed under various temperature conditions to prove the heterogenous filament dynamics in the hybrid matrix. The conducting filament composes of a metallic component and oxygen vacancies give unique properties to H‐ReRAM devices, according to the combination of electrode and hybrid material. It has the potential to precise control of conducting filament by two different filament dynamics in the hybrid matrix. The H‐ReRAM is one of the candidates for alternative memory devices as well as neuromorphic and cognitive computing devices.
Strontium‐Doped Hydroxyapatite Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoporotic Rats through the CaSR‐JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ren Wen-Hao , Xin Shanshan , Yang Kai , Yu Yan-Bin , Li Shao-Ming , Zheng Jing-Jing , Huang Kai , Zeng Rong-Chang , Yang Xiao-Xia , Gao Ling , Li Shuo-Qi , Zhi Keqian
Published: July 2022

Self‐repair of critical bone defects from periodontitis, tumor resection, and trauma is difficult. Osteoporosis is an abnormal bone metabolism disease characterized by increased bone resorption, decreased bone formation, and decreased activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which further inhibits the repair of bone defects. Improving the osteogenic ability of BMSCs after osteoporosis is an important step in treating osteoporotic bone defects. Hydroxyapatite (HA) with good biocompatibility is widely used in bone material research. HA and strontium‐doped hydroxyapatite (Sr‐HA) microspheres are synthesized following a hydrothermal method, and the characteristics and the ability of these microspheres are explored to promote osteogenesis. Further, the role of the calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) and Janus kinase 2 gene/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in this process are investigated. The results show that Sr‐HA, rather than HA alone, significantly promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and bone formation in vivo. Further, the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation is realized by activating the CaSR‐JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, the study demonstrates that Sr‐HA is the better choice for restoring critical bone defects.