bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical problem solving based on Kolb’s learning style
Authors: Rokhima W A , Kusmayadi T A , Fitriana L
Published: September 2019

Problem solving is essential in mathematics teaching and learning. Mathematical problem solving as finding a way around difficulty and solution to a problem that is unknown. Learning style can be used by students in processing information and can help students in learning. Kolb’s learning style characteristic examined include converger, diverger, accommodator and assimilator. The purpose of this study is to describe about mathematical problem solving based on Kolb learning style. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The subject of the study consisted 4 students of National Senior High School Pekalongan which selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments were questionnaire and problem solving task. Data validity used method triangulation. Data analyses were done through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results show that students with converger and accomodator learning style are better than diverger and assimilator learning style in mathematical problem solving.
Analysis of Concept Understanding Student in Class X Inequalities Material
Authors: Sari D N , Usodo B , Pramudya I
Published: September 2019

Math is a subject that requires students to think using logic. Not a few students only receive raw mathematic learning without a concept understanding of the intent and purpose of learning. The purpose of writing is this scientific paper to know the description of students’ understanding of the concept on inequality material. Indicators of understanding of the concept among other things: the student can understand of problems resolving and explaining verbally; presentation of mathematical models and classifying objects based on mathematical concepts requirements; use of appropriate mathematical procedures and their application in the relationship between concepts and procedures; and the ability to apply and develop concepts by algorithm. This research is a descriptive qualitative analysis of understanding of the concept. The data in this study were collected by tests and interviews. The results showed that the student has poor understanding of the concept of material inequality. Students can be encouraged by internal order to overcome the lack of understanding of mathematical concepts.
On the metric dimension of amalgamation of sunflower and lollipop graph and caveman graph
Authors: Adhi Wijaya Satria , Atmojo Kusmayadi Tri
Published: September 2019

Let G be a connected nontrivial graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). The distance between two vertices u and v in G is the shortest path length between u and v denoted d(u, v). Let W = {w
1, w
2, …, wk
} be a subset of V(G). The representation of a vertex u with respect to W is a sequential pair of distances between u and all vertices in W, where u is a vertex in G. The set of W is called the resolving set if the representation of each vertex is different to W. Resolving set with a minimum cardinality called the metric basis and the number of element from some basis is called the metric dimension, denoted by dim(G). In this paper, we determine the metric dimension of amalgamation of sunfiower and lollipop graph (SFn, vi
) ✱ (Lm, p, up
) and caveman graph C(n, m). The results show that the metric dimension of amalgamation of sunflower and lollipop graph is dim((SFn, vi
) ✱ (Lm, p, up
)) = m + 1 for n = 3, 4, …, 7;

d
i
m
(
(
S

F
n

,

v
i

)
*
(

L

m
,
p
,

u
p

)
)
=

⌈

n
3

⌉

+
m
−
2

for n ≥ 8, and the metric dimension of caveman graph is dim(C(n, m)) = n for m = 3, 4; dim(C(n, m)) = (m – 4)n for m ≥ 5.
Design of Student Worksheet Based On Discovery Learning to Improve the Ability of Mathematics Reasoning Students of Class VII Junior High School
Authors: Marian F , Suparman
Published: September 2019

The reasoning is one of the important aspects that must be mastered by students in learning mathematics in the 4.0 industrial revolution. The low mathematical reasoning abilities of students will have an impact on the difficulties of students in achieving learning goals and learning outcomes of mathematics. This article aims to design student worksheets based on discovery learning models to optimize students’ mathematical reasoning. This research is development research using submodel of ADDIE development (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The submodel development procedure consists of two stages: analysis and design. The subjects of this study were seventh-grade junior high school students. The object of this research includes curriculum, student characteristics, evaluation of teaching materials. The instruments of data collection in this study were essayed items and interview guidelines. The data analysis technique used in this study is qualitative data analysis. The results of the study are a) at the analysis stage it is known that the learning process is still not meaningful, the learning method used by the teacher has not been able to facilitate students to reason, the student worksheet used does not yet cover all competency indicators in the school. b) the results of the student worksheet design consist of: cover, preface, table of contents, core competencies, basic competencies, indicators of achievement of competencies, material, practice questions based on discovery learning, and problem training. This research can be extended to the stages of development, implementation, and evaluation to produce valid, practical and effective student worksheets.
The Validity of Algebraic Module with Living Values Education for Junior High School
Authors: Ningrum Y , Kusmayadi T A , Fitriana L
Published: September 2019

The importance of algebra teaching materials that can make students learn independently and can build students’ character is the main reason to develop algebraic module with living values education. This study aims to produce a valid algebraic module with living values education. This type of research is a development research. Module development used the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implement, and Evaluation) model. Data collecting technique to know validity is the questionnaire. The module was validated by three experts. Aspects assessed are content eligibility, linguistic, presentation, and graphical. The average validation value assessed by the validators belongs to a very valid category.
The Influence of Teacher’s Conception of Teaching and Learning on Their Teaching Practice
Authors: Masduki  , Suwarsono  , Budiarto M T
Published: September 2019

The study aims to investigate the teachers’ conceptions about the teaching and learning and the influence on their practice. The subjects were two mathematics teachers who taught in the 7th grade junior high school students in Sukoharjo, Central Java with diverse mathematical ability. The data was collected through observation and interview. The triangulation was conducted to validate the data. Then, the data were analyzed using three stages, namely, data reduction, data display, and drawing the conclusion. The results showed that there were different teachers’ conceptions about the teaching and learning of the two teachers. The first teacher following the traditional model where he plays as a source of knowledge. The students are passive learners who receive knowledge from the teacher. In teaching practice, the teacher presents the material with the expository method. Learning emphasizes the student’s skills to operate the calculation. Conversely, the second teacher conceptions’ in line with the constructivist pattern where she plays as a facilitator and student guide in the learning process. The students are active learner where they discover the knowledge collaboratively. The learning activities involve group discussions and presentation. The results suggest that there is an influence on the teachers’ conceptions and their teaching practice.
Retinal Diseases Classification Using Levenberg-Marquath (LM) Learning Algorithm for Pi Sigma Network (PSN) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Methods
Authors: Swasono S , Damayanti A , Pratiwi A B
Published: September 2019

Eye is one of the most important part of the body that has many parts or layers, one of which is the retina of the eye. Retina is a slight layer coating the back of the eye and serves to receive light, converting light into nerve signals which then sent to the brain. As well as the other body parts, retina is also able of experiencing disorders or abnormalities that can inhibit the vision process. Several of the retinal eye diseases are Retinal Ablatio, Age-related Macular Degeneration, and Diabetic Retinopathy. Eye fundus examination can be used to classify eye retinal diseases. Pi Sigma Network with Lavenberg Marquath Learning Algorithm is a method applied for classification of eye retinal diseases. Before executing classification process, image processing resulting grayscale image and data reduction using Principal Components Analysis are carried out for reducing the size of the fundus image. The accuracy obtained from the classification process using the applied methods is 100%.
Effects of integrated environmental factors and modelling the growth and development of tomato in greenhouse cultivation
Authors: Chi Cuong Doan , Tanaka Munehiro
Published: September 2019

Effects of environmental factors on the growth and development of tomato plants in greenhouse cultivation were investigated. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cultivar “Momotaro”) was cultivated by solution culture system using solid medium from November 2017 to May 2018 in the glass greenhouse with 66.43 m2 of floor area. Environmental factors including temperature, humidity, light intensity and CO2 concentration in the greenhouse were recorded every 10-minute during cultivation. Mathematical models were developed to fit the data to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the growing parameters of tomato plants. It was observed that the percentage of flowers translated into fruits and clusters tended to decrease in upper clusters on tomato plants. Fruit yield was estimated at about 31 kg/m2 and 5.56 kg/plant, and fruit weight varied among plants from 3.73 kg to 7.34 kg. Mathematical modelling using measured indices represented moderate significant relationships between start ripening date (SRD), harvesting date (HD), and cumulative heat unit (CHU), and cumulative light intensity (CLI) as R2 = 0.67, between cluster occurrence and CHU as R2 = 0.69.
The effect of packed bed porous burner on drying kinetics of nile tilapia
Authors: Waramit P , Namkhat A , Teeboonma U
Published: September 2019

This paper aimed to study the effect of packed bed porous burner on drying kinetics of Nile tilapia. Drying kinetics were represented in form of drying rate (DR), drying specific energy consumption (SEC) and the dryer thermal efficiency (ηth). The pebbles were used as packed bed porous media having porosities of 0.31, 0.36 and 0.37, drying air velocities of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s. and drying temperatures of 50, 60 and 70°C, respectively. The results showed that the application of packed bed porous burner as heat source could improve the drying kinetics. Which the porosity of 0.37, drying temperature of 70°C and air velocity of 1.5 m/s, the moisture ratio of the drying decreased rapidly, the highest drying rate was 220.43 g (water evap.)/hr., the lowest drying energy consumption was 141.35 MJ/kg (water evap.) and the thermal efficiency of the dryer increased by 23.91%.
Investigation of the influence of image acquisition condition on the image repeatability for online measurement of cane bagasse quality using multispectral image
Authors: Lerdwattanakitti Patchara , Posom Jetsada , Saengprachathanarug Khwantri , Wongpichet Seree
Published: September 2019

On-line measurement of cane bagasse is needed for its utilization. This study aims to investigate effect of the measurement condition of multispectral image for on-line systems. Two main factors (belt speeds and installation angles of light source) influencing the on-line image collection were studied. Four and two levels of the belt speeds (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm/s) and the installation angles (30 and 45°) were specified in this work, respectively. The effect of these two factors on image repeatability was analyzed by ANOVA using a significant level of 5%. The result showed that belt speeds and angles of light source did not influence image repeatability. However, we found that light source angle of 30 degree gave higher precision than 45 degrees
A modelling-based economic evaluation of primary-care-based fall-risk screening followed by fall-prevention intervention: a cohort-based Markov model stratified by older age groups
Authors: Franklin Matthew , Hunter Rachael Maree
Published: September 2019

Background

fall-risk assessment with fall-prevention intervention referral for at-risk groups to avoid falls could be cost-effective from a care-payer perspective.

Aims

to model the cost-effectiveness of a fall-risk assessment (QTUG compared to TUG) with referral to one of four fall-prevention interventions (Otago, FaME, Tai Chi, home safety assessment and modification) compared to no care pathway, when the decision to screen is based on older age in a primary care setting for community-dwelling people.

Methods

a cohort-based, decision analytic Markov model was stratified by five age groupings (65–70, 70–75, 65–89, 70–89 and 75–89) to estimate cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs included fall-risk assessment, fall-prevention intervention and downstream resource use (e.g. inpatient and care home admission). Uncertainty was explored using univariate, bivariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results

screening with QTUG dominates (>QALYs; <costs) screening with TUG irrespective of subsequent fall-prevention intervention. The QTUG-based care pathways relative to no care pathway have a high probability of cost-effectiveness in those aged 75–89 (>85%), relative to those aged 70–74 (~10 < 30%) or 65–69 (<10%). In the older age group, only a 10% referral uptake is required for the QTUG with FaME or Otago modelled care pathways to remain cost-effective.

Conclusion

the highest probability of cost-effectiveness observed was a care pathway incorporating QTUG with FaME in those aged 75–89. Although the model does not fully represent current NICE Falls guidance, decision makers should still give careful consideration to implementing the aforementioned care pathway due to the modelled high probability of cost-effectiveness.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Breast Arising in a Burn Cicatrix
Authors: Akdeniz Dogan Zeynep , Miranda Roberto N , Iyer Swaminathan , Steiner Ralph E , Singh Prachee , Clemens Mark W
Published: September 2019

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a T cell lymphoma characterized by large anaplastic cells with diffuse and uniform CD30 reactivity. Here, we report a patient with no prior implant history who developed anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1–negative ALCL within a burn cicatrix on a breast. We hypothesize that the chronic inflammation caused by burn injury and the patient’s history of immunosuppression secondary to organ transplantation may have contributed to development of ALCL in this patient. This report supports the essential role of chronic inflammation in the development of ALCL in the breast.

Level of Evidence: 5
Decoding the similarities and specific differences between latent and active tuberculosis infections based on consistently differential expression networks
Authors: Sun Jun , Shi Qianqian , Chen Xi , Liu Rong
Published: September 2019

Although intensive efforts have been devoted to investigating latent tuberculosis (LTB) and active tuberculosis (PTB) infections, the similarities and differences in the host responses to these two closely associated stages remain elusive, probably due to the difficulty in identifying informative genes related to LTB using traditional methods. Herein, we developed a framework known as the consistently differential expression network to identify tuberculosis (TB)-related gene pairs by combining microarray profiles and protein–protein interactions. We thus obtained 774 and 693 pairs corresponding to the PTB and LTB stages, respectively. The PTB-specific genes showed higher expression values and fold-changes than the LTB-specific genes. Furthermore, the PTB-related pairs generally had higher expression correlations and would be more activated compared to their LTB-related counterparts. The module analysis implied that the detected gene pairs tended to cluster in the topological and functional modules. Functional analysis indicated that the LTB- and PTB-specific genes were enriched in different pathways and had remarkably different locations in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, we showed that the identified genes and gene pairs had the potential to distinguish TB patients in different disease stages and could be considered as drug targets for the specific treatment of patients with LTB or PTB.
Intrastriatal alpha-synuclein fibrils in monkeys: spreading, imaging and neuropathological changes
Authors: Chu Yaping , Muller Scott , Tavares Adriana , Barret Olivier , Alagille David , Seibyl John , Tamagnan Gilles , Marek Ken , Luk Kelvin C , Trojanowski John Q , Lee Virginia M Y , Kordower Jeffrey H
Published: September 2019

Several studies have demonstrated that intrastriatal injections of fibrillar α-synuclein in rodent brain induced a Parkinson’s disease-like propagation of Lewy body pathology with significant nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. This study evaluated the pathological features when exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils were injected into the putamen of non-human primates. Eight cynomolgus monkeys received unilateral intraputamen injections of α-synuclein preformed fibrils and four monkeys received sham surgery. Monkeys were assessed with 123I-PE2I single-photon emission computerized tomography scans targeting the dopamine transprter at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months. Imaging revealed a robust increase in dopamine transporter binding, an effect confirmed by port-mortem immunohistochemical analyses, suggesting that upregulation of dopamine transporter occurs as part of an early pathological process. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry revealed that α-synuclein preformed fibrils injections into the putamen induced intraneuronal inclusions positive for phosphorylated α-synuclein in ipsilateral substantia nigra and adjacent to the injection site. α-Synuclein inclusions were thioflavin-S-positive suggesting that the inclusions induced by α-synuclein preformed fibrils exhibited pathological properties similar to amyloid-like Lewy body pathology in Parkinson’s disease brains. The α-synuclein preformed fibrils resulted in Lewy pathology in the ipsilateral substantia nigra with significant reduction (−29.30%) of dopaminergic neurons as compared with controls. Nigral neurons with α-synuclein inclusions exhibited a phenotypic downregulation of the dopamine markers tyrosine hydroxylase and Nurr1. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that α-synuclein preformed fibrils induce a synucleinopathy in non-human primates with authentic Lewy pathology and nigrostriatal changes indicative of early Parkinson’s disease.
Virtual resection predicts surgical outcome for drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Kini Lohith G , Bernabei John M , Mikhail Fadi , Hadar Peter , Shah Preya , Khambhati Ankit N , Oechsel Kelly , Archer Ryan , Boccanfuso Jacqueline , Conrad Erin , Shinohara Russell T , Stein Joel M , Das Sandhitsu , Kheder Ammar , Lucas Timothy H , Davis Kathryn A , Bassett Danielle S , Litt Brian
Published: September 2019

Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy often require surgery to become seizure-free. While laser ablation and implantable stimulation devices have lowered the morbidity of these procedures, seizure-free rates have not dramatically improved, particularly for patients without focal lesions. This is in part because it is often unclear where to intervene in these cases. To address this clinical need, several research groups have published methods to map epileptic networks but applying them to improve patient care remains a challenge. In this study we advance clinical translation of these methods by: (i) presenting and sharing a robust pipeline to rigorously quantify the boundaries of the resection zone and determining which intracranial EEG electrodes lie within it; (ii) validating a brain network model on a retrospective cohort of 28 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy implanted with intracranial electrodes prior to surgical resection; and (iii) sharing all neuroimaging, annotated electrophysiology, and clinical metadata to facilitate future collaboration. Our network methods accurately forecast whether patients are likely to benefit from surgical intervention based on synchronizability of intracranial EEG (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89) and provide novel information that traditional electrographic features do not. We further report that removing synchronizing brain regions is associated with improved clinical outcome, and postulate that sparing desynchronizing regions may further be beneficial. Our findings suggest that data-driven network-based methods can identify patients likely to benefit from resective or ablative therapy, and perhaps prevent invasive interventions in those unlikely to do so.
An 18-month comparison of clinical outcomes between continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Itzhaki Ben Zadok Osnat , Ben-Avraham Ben , Shaul Aviv , Hammer Yoav , Rubachevski Victor , Aravot Dan , Kornowski Ran , Ben-Gal Tuvia
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES

In this study, we aimed to determine the comparative outcomes of patients supported with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs): HeartMate 2 (HM2), HeartWare (HW) and HeartMate 3 (HM3) in a real-world setting.

METHODS

The study was an investigator-initiated comparative retrospective analysis of patients who underwent continuous-flow LVAD implantation at our institution between 2008 and 2017. The follow-up duration was 18 months after implantation.

RESULTS

The study included 105 continuous-flow LVAD-supported patients of whom 51% (n = 54), 24% (25) and 25% (26) underwent implantation of HM2, HW and HM3, respectively. During follow-up, patients who were supported with HM3 versus either HM2 or HW LVADs demonstrated a lower risk of stroke (0% vs 26%, P < 0.001 and 0% vs 40%, P < 0.001, respectively) and lower rates of thrombosis (0% vs 31%, P < 0.001 and 0% vs 12%, P < 0.001, respectively), findings that were consistent with their calculated haemocompatibility scores (cumulative score 5, 89 and 56 for HM3, HM2 and HW, respectively, P < 0.001). Moreover, patients supported with HM3 versus HW had fewer unplanned hospitalizations [median 1 (25th–75th interquartile range 0–2) vs 3 (interquartile range 2–4), P = 0.012]. Importantly, survival free from stroke or device exchange was higher in patients supported with HM3 compared with either the HM2 or the HW LVADs [hazard ratio (HR) 2.77, confidence interval (CI) 1.13–6.78; P = 0.026 and HR 2.70, CI 1.01–7.20; P = 0.047, respectively].

CONCLUSIONS

HM3 device currently presents better prognostic and adverse events profiles when compared with the HM2 or the HW LVADs. A larger-scale head-to-head comparison between the devices is warranted in order to confirm our findings.
Status and prospects of nutritional cooking
Authors: Yong Wang , Amin Li , Dongpo Chen
Published: September 2019

With the rapid development of national economic level, people’s living standards have been greatly improved, leading to people’s higher attention to their daily diet. However, there are still a great number of people who have not realized the importance of healthy diet, which could result in many health problems such as under-nutrition or over-nutrition. The cooking process has a significant impact on food nutrition, thus a fast, convenient and healthy new cooking process has a great potential to be developed and applied in our daily life.
The Medieval in the Modern: Nazi and Italian Fascist Use of the Ritual Murder Charge
Authors: Kertzer David I , Mokosch Gunnar
Published: September 2019

Addressing both the debate over the “modern” nature of the German and Italian fascist regimes, and the related question of the role played by the Christian churches in making the Holocaust possible, we examine the most prominent antisemitic publications aimed at the broad public in each country: Der Stürmer in Germany and La Difesa della razza in Italy. Our study traces the heavy use of the ritual murder charge in both publications, and demonstrates the direct influence of the Nazi antisemitic campaign on the subsequent Italian one. Differences between the two publications in their use of the ritual murder charge are linked to differences between the two regimes in their relations to Christianity and the Christian churches.
Preoperative VolumE Replacement therapy in DIabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: results from an open parallel group randomized Controlled Trial (VeRDiCT)
Authors: Sarkar Kunal , Harris Rosie A , Wells Sian , Harris Tracy , Clout Madeleine , Taylor Jodi , Culliford Lucy , Angelini Gianni D , Pike Katie , Ashton Kate , Narayan Pradeep , Reeves Barney , Hillier James , Rogers Chris A , Ascione Raimondo
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the effect of preoperative volume replacement therapy (VRT) on renal function, health outcome and time to fitness for discharge in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

METHODS

In 2 parallel randomized controlled trials, diabetic patients were allocated to preoperative VRT (1 ml/kg/h of Hartmann’s solution for 12 h) or usual care. Primary outcome was time to fitness for discharge. Secondary outcomes included acute kidney injury, postoperative complications, patient-reported quality of life (QoL), hospital resource use and markers of renal, cardiac and inflammatory injury.

RESULTS

In total, 169 patients were randomized (84 VRT, 85 usual care; mean age 64 years; 88% male). Time to fitness for discharge was similar between groups [median 6 days; interquartile range 5.0–9.0 in both groups; hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–1.38; P = 0.78]. Postoperative acute kidney injury was not statistically different (VRT: 27.7% vs usual care: 18.8%, odds ratio 1.72, 95% CI 0.82–3.59; P = 0.15). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mean difference −0.92, 95% CI −4.18 to 2.25; P = 0.56), microalbumin/creatinine ratio [geometric mean ratio (GMR) 1.16, 95% CI 0.94–1.42; P = 0.16], N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (GMR 1.08, 95% CI 0.83–1.40; P = 0.57), C-reactive protein (GMR 1.00, 95% CI 0.88–1.13; P = 0.94), troponin T (Trop-T; GMR 1.18, 95% CI 0.78–1.79; P = 0.39) and other secondary health outcomes were similar between groups. QoL improved in both groups at 3 months with no difference observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of preoperative VRT is not superior to usual care in diabetic patients undergoing CABG.

Clinical trial registration number

ISRCTN02159606.
A Characterization of Some Fano 4-folds Through Conic Fibrations
Authors: Montero Pedro , Romano Eleonora Anna
Published: September 2019

We find a characterization for Fano 4-folds $X$ with Lefschetz defect $\delta _{X}=3$: besides the product of two del Pezzo surfaces, they correspond to varieties admitting a conic bundle structure $f\colon X\to Y$ with $\rho _{X}-\rho _{Y}=3$. Moreover, we observe that all of these varieties are rational. We give the list of all possible targets of such contractions. Combining our results with the classification of toric Fano $4$-folds due to Batyrev and Sato we provide explicit examples of Fano conic bundles from toric $4$-folds with $\delta _{X}=3$.
Imputation and characterization of uncoded self-harm in major mental illness using machine learning
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Nestsiarovich Anastasiya , Nelson Stuart J , Kerner Berit , Perkins Douglas J , Lambert Christophe G
Published: September 2019

Objective

We aimed to impute uncoded self-harm in administrative claims data of individuals with major mental illness (MMI), characterize self-harm incidence, and identify factors associated with coding bias.

Materials and Methods

The IBM MarketScan database (2003-2016) was used to analyze visit-level self-harm in 10 120 030 patients with ≥2 MMI codes. Five machine learning (ML) classifiers were tested on a balanced data subset, with XGBoost selected for the full dataset. Classification performance was validated via random data mislabeling and comparison with a clinician-derived “gold standard.” The incidence of coded and imputed self-harm was characterized by year, patient age, sex, U.S. state, and MMI diagnosis.

Results

Imputation identified 1 592 703 self-harm events vs 83 113 coded events, with areas under the curve >0.99 for the balanced and full datasets, and 83.5% agreement with the gold standard. The overall coded and imputed self-harm incidence were 0.28% and 5.34%, respectively, varied considerably by age and sex, and was highest in individuals with multiple MMI diagnoses. Self-harm undercoding was higher in male than in female individuals and increased with age. Substance abuse, injuries, poisoning, asphyxiation, brain disorders, harmful thoughts, and psychotherapy were the main features used by ML to classify visits.

Discussion

Only 1 of 19 self-harm events was coded for individuals with MMI. ML demonstrated excellent performance in recovering self-harm visits. Male individuals and seniors with MMI are particularly vulnerable to self-harm undercoding and may be at risk of not getting appropriate psychiatric care.

Conclusions

ML can effectively recover unrecorded self-harm in claims data and inform psychiatric epidemiological and observational studies.
Glyphosate in livestock: feed residues and animal health1
Authors: Vicini John L , Reeves William R , Swarthout John T , Karberg Katherine A
Published: September 2019

Glyphosate is a nonselective systemic herbicide used in agriculture since 1974. It inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, an enzyme in the shikimate pathway present in cells of plants and some microorganisms but not human or other animal cells. Glyphosate-tolerant crops have been commercialized for more than 20 yr using a transgene from a resistant bacterial EPSP synthase that renders the crops insensitive to glyphosate. Much of the forage or grain from these crops are consumed by farm animals. Glyphosate protects crop yields, lowers the cost of feed production, and reduces CO2 emissions attributable to agriculture by reducing tillage and fuel usage. Despite these benefits and even though global regulatory agencies continue to reaffirm its safety, the public hears conflicting information about glyphosate's safety. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency determines for every agricultural chemical a maximum daily allowable human exposure (called the reference dose, RfD). The RfD is based on amounts that are 1/100th (for sensitive populations) to 1/1,000th (for children) the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) identified through a comprehensive battery of animal toxicology studies. Recent surveys for residues have indicated that amounts of glyphosate in food/feed are at or below established tolerances and actual intakes for humans or livestock are much lower than these conservative exposure limits. While the EPSP synthase of some bacteria is sensitive to glyphosate, in vivo or in vitro dynamic culture systems with mixed bacteria and media that resembles rumen digesta have not demonstrated an impact on microbial function from adding glyphosate. Moreover, one chemical characteristic of glyphosate cited as a reason for concern is that it is a tridentate chelating ligand for divalent and trivalent metals; however, other more potent chelators are ubiquitous in livestock diets, such as certain amino acids. Regulatory testing identifies potential hazards, but risks of these hazards need to be evaluated in the context of realistic exposures and conditions. Conclusions about safety should be based on empirical results within the limitations of model systems or experimental design. This review summarizes how pesticide residues, particularly glyphosate, in food and feed are quantified, and how their safety is determined by regulatory agencies to establish safe use levels.
Promotional Games Increase Consumer Conversion Rates and Spending
Authors: Hock Stefan J , Bagchi Rajesh , Anderson Thomas M
Published: September 2019

Promotional games are used frequently in retail stores and online. While prior literature has focused on antecedents of promotional games, such as how individual differences induce game participation, little is known about post-winning decision making or its underlying processes. This study offers findings from seven studies to provide a detailed perspective on how promotional games increase consumer conversion rates and spending. The effect of winning a discount on conversion rates and spending is multiply determined and occurs via perceptions of luck and store affective attitude, and via perceptions of luck alone and store affective attitude alone. In order to get a more nuanced understanding of the underlying processes and to delineate theoretically driven boundary conditions for this novel effect, the authors subsequently analyze the two individual pathways through perceptions of luck and store affective attitude in isolation. Thereby, they contribute to the literature on pricing and promotions by providing a detailed understanding on how winning a promotional discount leads to a different set of consumer inferences relative to an equivalent straight discount, and to the literature on the role of luck in consumer behavior by providing a nuanced understanding of how luck operates in this common consumer context.
Characterization of Nanostructured Silica as Carrier for Insecticides Deltamethrin, Pyriproxyfen, and Chlorpyrifos and Testing the Insecticidal Efficacy Against Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Larvae
Authors: Ziaee Masumeh , Babamir-Satehi Asgar
Published: September 2019

Nanostructured silica can be used as a carrier of pesticides to enhance stability and controlled release of agrochemicals with an effective concentration on target pests. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized by sol–gel process and employed as a carrier of three different insecticides including deltamethrin, pyriproxyfen, and chlorpyrifos. The SNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and the insecticides-loaded in SNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The toxicity of insecticides alone and loaded in SNPs was evaluated against small and large larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts on concrete surfaces. The immediate mortality was counted after 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure, and then surviving individuals were transferred to untreated surfaces for seven more days, with delayed mortality was recorded. Small larvae were more susceptible than large ones on all insecticide treatments. In addition, insecticides loaded in silica nanoparticles were more effective when compared with application of the insecticides alone. For immediate mortality, deltamethrin loaded in SNPs was the most efficient treatment causing 70.5% mortality on small and 55.5% mortality on large larvae after 7 d of exposure to the highest concentration. Pyriproxyfen loaded in SNPs caused low immediate mortality, but the mortality increased in delayed count indicated that the insecticide could control the larvae even after they have been removed from treated surfaces. It can be concluded that loading insecticides in SNPs could significantly increase their insecticidal efficiency, but this increase was compound-dependent.
Multi-scale time-frequency domain full waveform inversion with a weighted local correlation-phase misfit function
Authors: Hu Yong , Han Liguo , Wu Rushan , Xu Yongzhong
Published: September 2019

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is based on the least squares algorithm to minimize the difference between the synthetic and observed data, which is a promising technique for high-resolution velocity inversion. However, the FWI method is characterized by strong model dependence, because the ultra-low-frequency components in the field seismic data are usually not available. In this work, to reduce the model dependence of the FWI method, we introduce a Weighted Local Correlation-phase based FWI method (WLCFWI), which emphasizes the correlation phase between the synthetic and observed data in the time-frequency domain. The local correlation-phase misfit function combines the advantages of phase and normalized correlation function, and has an enormous potential for reducing the model dependence and improving FWI results. Besides, in the correlation-phase misfit function, the amplitude information is treated as a weighting factor, which emphasizes the phase similarity between synthetic and observed data. Numerical examples and the analysis of the misfit function show that the WLCFWI method has a strong ability to reduce model dependence, even if the seismic data are devoid of low-frequency components and contain strong Gaussian noise.
How do immigrant legalization programs play out in informal labor markets? The case of Senegalese street hawkers in Argentina
Authors: Freier Luisa Feline , Zubrzycki Bernarda
Published: September 2019

In this article, we take advantage of the quasi-experimental situation of the 2013 legalization program for Senegalese citizens in Argentina to study its effects on immigrant street hawkers’ incorporation into the formal labor market, their working conditions, social integration, and collective mobilization. In order to understand the impact of legalization programs, it is important to acknowledge that in informal labor markets, the effects of amnesties are likely less pronounced than in predominantly formal markets. Furthermore, the scope of socioeconomic rights granted to unauthorized migrants and migrants’ subjective expectations and aspirations need to be taken into consideration. Based on 50 in-depth interviews and a small N survey, our study suggests that the legalization effect on Senegalese street hawkers’ access to the formal sector is limited. However, legal status does benefit migrants’ subjective well-being and their disposition to engage in collective action for labor and human rights.
A study of Kepler supernova remnant: angular power spectrum estimation from radio frequency data
Authors: Saha Preetha , Bharadwaj Somnath , Roy Nirupam , Choudhuri Samir , Chattopadhyay Debatri
Published: September 2019

Supernova remnants (SNRs) have a variety of overall morphology as well as rich structures over a wide range of scales. Quantitative study of these structures can potentially reveal fluctuations of density and magnetic field originating from the interaction with ambient medium and turbulence in the expanding ejecta. We have used 1.5 GHz (L band) and 5 GHz (C band) VLA data to estimate the angular power spectrum Cℓ of the synchrotron emission fluctuations of the Kepler SNR. This is done using the novel, visibility-based, Tapered Gridded Estimator of Cℓ. We have found that, for ℓ = (1.9–6.9) × 104, the power spectrum is a broken power law with a break at ℓ = 3.3 × 104, and power-law index of −2.84 ± 0.07 and −4.39 ± 0.04 before and after the break, respectively. The slope −2.84 is consistent with 2D Kolmogorov turbulence and earlier measurements for the Tycho SNR. We interpret the break to be related to the shell thickness of the SNR (0.35 pc) which approximately matches ℓ = 3.3 × 104 (i.e. 0.48 pc). However, for ℓ > 6.9 × 104, the estimated Cℓ of L band is likely to have dominant contribution from the foregrounds while for C band the power-law slope −3.07 ± 0.02 is roughly consistent with 3D Kolmogorov turbulence like that observed at large ℓ for Cas A and Crab SNRs.
N-body chaos and the continuum limit in numerical simulations of self-gravitating systems, revisited
Authors: Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Casetti Lapo
Published: September 2019

We revisit the role of discreteness and chaos in the dynamics of self-gravitating systems by means of N-body simulations with active and frozen potentials, starting from spherically symmetric stationary states and considering the orbits of single particles in a frozen N-body potential as well as the orbits of the system in the full 6N-dimensional phase space. We also consider the intermediate case where a test particle moves in the field generated by N non-interacting particles, which in turn move in a static smooth potential. We investigate the dependence on N and on the softening length of the largest Lyapunov exponent both of single particle orbits and of the full N-body system. For single orbits, we also study the dependence on the angular momentum and on the energy. Our results confirm the expectation that orbital properties of single orbits in finite N systems approach those of orbits in smooth potentials in the continuum limit N → ∞ and that the largest Lyapunov exponent of the full N-body system does decrease with N, for sufficiently large systems with finite softening length. However, single orbits in frozen models and active self-consistent models have different largest Lyapunov exponents and the N-dependence of the values in non-trivial, so that the use of frozen N-body potentials to gain information on large N systems or on the continuum limit may be misleading in certain cases.
Quantifying the impact of small molecule ligands on G-quadruplex stability against Bloom helicase
Authors: Maleki Parastoo , Mustafa Golam , Gyawali Prabesh , Budhathoki Jagat B , Ma Yue , Nagasawa Kazuo , Balci Hamza
Published: September 2019

G-quadruplex (GQ) stabilizing small molecule (SM) ligands have been used to stabilize human telomeric GQ (hGQ) to inhibit telomerase activity, or non-telomeric GQs to manipulate gene expression at transcription or translation level. GQs are known to inhibit DNA replication unless destabilized by helicases, such as Bloom helicase (BLM). Even though the impact of SM ligands on thermal stability of GQs is commonly used to characterize their efficacy, how these ligands influence helicase-mediated GQ unfolding is not well understood. Three prominent SM ligands (an oxazole telomestatin derivative, pyridostatin, and PhenDC3), which thermally stabilize hGQ at different levels, were utilized in this study. How these ligands influence BLM-mediated hGQ unfolding was investigated using two independent single-molecule approaches. While the frequency of dynamic hGQ unfolding events was used as the metric in the first approach, the second approach was based on quantifying the cumulative unfolding activity as a function of time. All three SM ligands inhibited BLM activity at similar levels, 2–3 fold, in both approaches. Our observations suggest that the impact of SM ligands on GQ thermal stability is not an ideal predictor for their inhibition of helicase-mediated unfolding, which is physiologically more relevant.
Expanding the Indications for Flow Diversion: Treatment of Posterior Circulation Aneurysms
Authors: Adeeb Nimer , Ogilvy Christopher S , Griessenauer Christoph J , Thomas Ajith J
Published: September 2019

Posterior circulation aneurysms are often associated with a higher risk of rupture and compressive symptoms compared to their anterior circulation counterpart. Due to high morbidity and mortality associated with microsurgical treatment of those aneurysms, endovascular therapy gained ascendance as the preferred method of treatment. Flow diversion has emerged as a promising treatment option for posterior circulation aneurysms with a higher occlusion rate compared to other endovascular techniques and a lower complication rate compared to microsurgery. While treatment of saccular and dissecting aneurysms is often associated with comparatively good outcomes, fusiform and dolichoectatic aneurysms should be carefully selected prior to treatment to avoid devastating thromboembolic complications. Occlusion of covered posterior circulation branches showed no correlation with ischemic complications, and appropriate antiplatelet regimen and switching Clopidogrel nonresponders to different antiplatelet agents were associated with lower complication rates following flow diversion of posterior circulation aneurysms.
Household bargaining, spouses’ consumption patterns and the design of commodity taxes
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , Lozachmeur Jean-Marie , Roeder Kerstin
Published: September 2019

We study optimal commodity taxes under household bargaining. We focus on the taxation of ‘female’ and ‘male’ products. The expressions for the tax rates include Pigouvian and incentive terms. When the female spouse has the lower bargaining weight, the Pigouvian term calls for a subsidization of the ‘female good’, and a taxation of the ‘male good’. The incentive term depends on the distribution of bargaining weights across couples. When the bargaining weight of the female spouse increases with wages, the female good will be consumed in larger proportion by more productive couples. In this case the Pigouvian term is mitigated.
Investigation of the origin of the anomalous microwave emission in Lambda Orionis
Authors: Bell Aaron C , Onaka Takashi , Galliano Frédéric , Wu Ronin , Doi Yasuo , Kaneda Hidehiro , Ishihara Daisuke , Giard Martin
Published: September 2019

The anomalous microwave emission (AME) still lacks a conclusive explanation. This excess of emission, roughly between 10 and 50 GHz, tends to defy attempts to explain it as synchrotron or free–free emission. The overlap with frequencies important for cosmic microwave background explorations, combined with a strong correlation with interstellar dust, drive cross-disciplinary collaboration between interstellar medium and observational cosmology. The apparent relationship with dust has prompted a “spinning dust” hypothesis. The typical peak frequency range of the AME profile implicates spinning grains on the order of 1 nm. This points to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We use data from the AKARI/Infrared Camera (IRC), due to its thorough PAH-band coverage, to compare AME from the Planck Collaboration astrophysical component separation product with infrared dust emission in the λ Orionis AME-prominent region. We look also at infrared dust emission from other mid-infrared and far-infrared bands. The results and discussion contained here apply to an angular scale of approximately 1°. We find that dust mass certainly correlates with AME, and that PAH-related emission in the AKARI/IRC 9 μm band correlates slightly more strongly. Using hierarchical Bayesian inference and full-dust spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling we argue that AME in λ Orionis correlates more strongly with PAH mass than with total dust mass, lending support for a spinning PAH hypothesis within this region. We emphasize that future efforts to understand AME should focus on individual regions, and a detailed comparison of the PAH features with the variation of the AME SED.