bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Thermoformability of Additively Printed Circuits Printed Using Gravure Offset Printing Technique and Investigation of In-Mold Electronic Circuits
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Soni Ved , Narangaparambil Jinesh , Miller Scott
Published: November 2023

Throughout the past decade, the field of printed electronics has gained increased research impetus and has started to make entryways into the consumer electronics product market. The applications of additive printed electronics are numerous and range from healthcare devices and smart packaging to energy harvesting systems and intelligent textiles. Another novel application area for printed electronics is in-mold electronics (IME) which is a process that involves the integration of printed electronic circuits into injection-molded parts. In this process, electronic circuits are printed onto a thin, flexible substrate, such as polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) or polycarbonate (PC), which is then thermoformed using a mold. The thermoformed sample is then overmolded with another thermoplastic which results is a single, integrated part that combines the functionality of the electronic circuit with the mechanical properties of the plastic part. Using IMEs offers several benefits such as weight and bulk minimization along with maintaining ergonomic design, which are important concerns in automotive design. In this study, additively printed lines have been printed using gravure offset printing technique on different substrates such as PETG and PC have been subjected to vacuum thermoforming wherein the substrates are heated to their heat deflection temperature and vacuum formed on an aluminum mold. The change in resistance of the lines pre- and post-thermoforming, as well as the effect of degree of material stretching of the substrate with different thermoforming parameters such as thermoforming temperature and thermoforming time has been studied. Finally, a component attachment study has been conducted for thermoformed circuits with a functional thermoformed full wave rectifier circuit demonstrator.
Development of Thermal Interface Materials Tape Using Vertically Aligned Copper Nanowire-PDMS Composites
Authors: Qiao Hansen , Jiang Katherine , Wei Tiwei , Lin Yujui , Perez Chris , Asheghi Mehdi , Goodson Kenneth
Published: November 2023

High-performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) are essential in reducing thermal resistances while accommodating thermal expansion mismatch between heat sources and heat sinks. Here, we utilize copper nanowires (CuNWs) to form an intrinsically conductive and mechanically compliant nanostructure infiltrated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) \for additional protection and compliance. We previously fabricated the CuNWs TIMs by direct electroplating on a silicon substrate with severe limitations on application and cost for largescale manufacturing. Thus, it is desirable to develop a cost-effective process for the fabrication of CuNWs TIMs in a “tape” or “coupon” form factor that can be easily inserted and bonded between two substrates. In this work, we developed a novel fabrication process to produce a Sn (20μm)-Cu/Au(20μm)/CuNWs-PDMS(30μm)/Cu(20μm)-Sn (20μm) TIM in a tape form factor. This innovative process involves producing an ultra-smooth (20 nm RMS) sacrificial Au/Cu foil that is used to electroplate CuNWs, PDMS infiltration, and finally, Cu and Sn film overplating to form the final TIM “tape”.
Artificial Intelligence for Active Vibration Control Optimization on Smart Structures
Authors: Febvre Maryne , Rodriguez Jonathan , Chesne Simon , Collet Manuel
Published: November 2023

New meta-materials are developed with the usage of piezoelectric transducers’ networks. Within the number of controlling strategies for vibration mitigation, this study uses the classical derivative control law as a basis. As a preliminary study in optimization with AI, an automatic algorithm using Reinforcement Learning (RL) approached with Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) tunes a controller on an experimental cantilever beam. The control law is a simple derivative feedback between two collocated piezoelectric transducers close to the beam-clamped end. The RL algorithm runs offline on an estimated model of the experimental setup. The study compares control tuning methods between Reinforcement Learning results and a classical published approach.
An Embedded System for Data-Based Self-Sensing in Shape Memory Alloy Wire Actuators
Authors: Koshiya Krunal Jagdishbhai , Rizzello Gianluca , Motzki Paul
Published: November 2023

Estimation of displacement of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuator from electrical properties, is one of the attractive attributes of SMA. To utilize this feature, it is necessary to model the correlation between electrical properties and strain of the wire. Identification of the relationship between resistance and displacement is not always straightforward in SMA actuators, as the complexity of the resistance-displacement characteristics may vary depending upon various factors, e.g., biasing mechanism, additional external loads, actuation frequency, as well as the electrical activation strategy for heating SMA wires. In this paper, we present an experimental setup that incorporates a spring-loaded SMA wire mechanism. Resistance across the SMA wire has been measured for different actuation frequencies. In general resistance behavior has been observed and analyzed, which motivates the use of data-based approaches for estimation of the displacement. Recurrent neural networks represent a possible solution for identifying the complex correlation between electrical input and displacement for different configurations of SMA-actuated systems. The displacement estimated by the trained model is then compared against the displacement measured by a laser displacement sensor, for validation purpose.
Directed Particle Motion Driven by Superimposed Two-Dimensional Traveling Waves
Authors: Rogers William C. , Albakri Mohammad I. , Tarazaga Pablo
Published: November 2023

Structure-borne traveling waves (SBTW) have been observed in nature as a source of propulsion and have been under study in recent years to drive particle motion. Experimental studies have found that steady-state SBTW can be excited in finite structures which are capable of driving propulsion. These SBTW have also been shown to provide the forces needed to drive the motion of particulates along the surface of the excited structure. The interest of this work is the trajectory of particulates when acted on by a novel combination of SBTW active in a thin plate. In previous work, individual traveling waves have been generated such that particulates were driven along an active material surface. But these studies have been focused on particulates reacting to individual SBTW. It has been shown that when two-dimensional traveling waves that propagate orthogonal to one another are superimposed, the resultant wave moves in a direction between that of the constituent waves. In addition to this, the direction of the resultant wave can be tuned by adjusting the relative amplitude and phase of the constituent SBTW. This work numerically examines the trajectory of particulates when acted upon by superimposed OTW. For this purpose, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to develop a model of a thin square plate with traveling waves generated using a two-mode excitation is developed. The particulates are then introduced to the system and assumed to have a mass sufficiently small so as not to influence the wave envelope. When different SBTW and superimposed OTW are generated in the plate, it is shown that the particulate can be made to move along the active surface with trajectories, depending on the excitation conditions and the friction coefficient between the particle and the plate. From this, it can be concluded that combinations of SBTW of this type can be tuned to drive controlled particle motion on an active surface.
Simulation and Parametric Analysis of Transducer Locations in a Realistic, Compartmental Force Sensing Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Hines Brandon D. , Anton Steven R.
Published: November 2023

Total knee arthroplasty is one of the most common orthopedic procedures performed in the United States. Though the success rate of the procedure is considerably high, a number of patients report some level of post-operative pain. A lack of an in vivo method for tracking forces and alignment presents the challenge of non-invasive, early diagnosis of potential failure mechanisms in total knee replacements (TKR). Our research group seeks to solve this problem by developing an in vivo sensing system which includes piezoelectric transducers to measure the location and magnitude of compartmental forces in a TKR. A challenge presented by this task is identifying transducer locations that minimize error in the sensed compartmental force locations over the duration of the total gait cycle. This study presents a parametric analysis to evaluate the performance of six piezoelectric transducers embedded in the polyethylene component of a TKR. The main phases of the gait cycle are the stance phase, in which the foot is in contact with the ground, and the swing phase, in which the foot has broken contact with the ground. We seek to simulate the behavior of a relevant point during the stance phase of the gait cycle, so the proposed parametric analysis simulates an axial force applied to the femoral component rotated at 14° which corresponds to the point of max load. The applied load is determined by a biomechanics model previously developed by our research group in OpenSim. The analysis computes the forces transmitted to each transducer which are used to calculate the location of compartmental forces applied through the femoral component to the polyethylene component. The parametric analysis aided in determining a transducer arrangement that minimized the deviation between “sensed” contact point location and true location with simulation number 26 demonstrating a minimum deviation of less than half a millimeter.
Nanosynthesis of Terfenol-D Enabled by High Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Morin Joy , Deng Zhangxian
Published: November 2023

Magnetostrictive materials deform in response to a magnetic field or exhibit magnetization variation when mechanically stressed. This unique energy coupling between magnetic and mechanical domains is instantaneous and has resulted in a variety of acoustic sensors that can generate or detect surface acoustic waves, shear waves, or longitudinal waves. Despite their great potential, applications of magnetostrictive acoustic sensors are currently limited due to the difficulties in manufacturing and sensor integration. Additive manufacturing of magnetostrictive materials could simplify sensor installation, slash waste production, and reduce fabrication cost. This study used a commercial high energy ball mill to synthesize magnetostrictive nanoparticles that are crucial feedstock for fused filament fabrication, direct ink writing, or other additive manufacturing techniques. The effect of ball milling settings, such as milling duration, on particle size, purity, and morphology was studied. DLS confirmed a majority particle size distribution of around 155 nm for Terfenol-D powders dry-milled for 15 minutes. SEM images showed particles in the same nanoscale range, but had a majority of micro particles. Dry milling in argon also effectively prevented particle oxidation which are confirmed by EDS and XRD.
Optimization of Biomolecular Neuristor Action Potentials to Mimic Biological Response
Authors: Lord Jason P. , Mohamed Ahmed , Hasan Md Sakib , Najem Joseph S. , Pangborn Herschel C.
Published: November 2023

Biological neurons generate action potentials for communication and various computational and control tasks. Along with firing frequency, the shape and nonlinear dynamics of action potentials carry essential information and significant computational power. Many spiking neuron models take an integrate-and-fire approach to represent spike timing and frequency with computational simplicity but lack the biological relevance of more complex action potential dynamics. This paper introduces a model-based approach for optimizing the parameters of a soft neuristor circuit to match the action potential dynamics of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons. Genetic algorithms are used to optimize the neuristor parameters, with the objective of matching the neuristor’s response to biological action-potential-like references while respecting constraints on parameters. The approach is demonstrated through three numerical examples. The first seeks to match a reference action potential with a single neuristor, including both response shape and frequency. The second example optimizes the synaptic weights for a central pattern generator circuit. The final example uses the tuned neuristor model to steer a simulated car. This tool enables the creation and tuning of biologically-inspired controllers for engineered systems.
Fully Integrated Rotary Motor Based on Antagonistic Shape Memory Alloy Wire Bundles
Authors: Pirritano Carmelo , Gorges Tom , Britz Rouven , Scholtes Dominik , Zimmer Lukas , Preetz Jens , Goergen Yannik , Motzki Paul
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a compact rotary motor based on SMA wire bundles. The high energy density of SMA wires enables the realization of high forces with minimal space and weight input and the SMA wire resistance provides sensing information, which can be used for position control.

The actuator system operates in a 90° range of motion. The linear force of two antagonistic SMA wire bundles are transmitted into a rotation by an innovative gear rack drive. This transmission is also key to the compact design because SMA force is transmitted into increased stroke and thus rotational motion. The forces are scaled by bundling of thin SMA wires. The design allows bundling of up to 20 SMA wires with a diameter of 100 μm in parallel.

Lastly, driving and sensing electronics based on a microcontroller is integrated, and standardized plugs or connectors provide the interface for different possible applications. The electronics can use the electrical resistance of the SMA wire bundles to track actuator position and provides different communication standards like LIN Bus for automotive applications.
Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reference spectra of W with Cr Kα excitation
Authors: Zheng Dong , Young Christopher N. , Stickle William F.
Published: November 2023

Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using monochromatic Cr Kα radiation (5414.8 eV) has been used to acquire XPS and Auger data on a sputtered W sample. Survey data, high-resolution scans of all observed photoelectron peaks, and high-resolution scans of Auger lines are presented herein.
HAXPES reference spectra of bulk W and WSe2 with Cr Kα excitation
Authors: Deleuze Pierre-Marie , Gauthier Nicolas , Artyushkova Kateryna , Martinez Eugénie , Renault Olivier
Published: November 2023

Monochromatic Cr Kα radiation (5414.8 eV) was used to acquire high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy data on pure W and bulk WSe2 compound. The reported spectra include a survey scan and high-resolution W 3p1/2, W 3p3/2, W 3d3/2, W 3d5/2, W 4s, W 4p1/2, W 4p3/2, W 4d, W 4f, Se 2s, Se 2p1/2, Se 2p3/2, Se 3s, and Se 3p core-levels. The data will be useful as reference core-level spectra for HAXPES studies on tungsten and its compounds.
Programmed chromosome fragmentation in ciliated protozoa: multiple means to chromosome ends
Authors: Bétermier Mireille , Klobutcher Lawrence A. , Orias Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Ciliated protozoa undergo large-scale developmental rearrangement of their somatic genomes when forming a new transcriptionally active macronucleus during conjugation. This process includes the fragmentation of chromosomes derived from the germline, coupled with the efficient healing of the broken ends by
de novo
telomere addition. Here, we review what is known of developmental chromosome fragmentation in ciliates that have been well-studied at the molecular level (
Tetrahymena
,
Paramecium
,
Euplotes
,
Stylonychia
, and
Oxytricha
). These organisms differ substantially in the fidelity and precision of their fragmentation systems, as well as in the presence or absence of well-defined sequence elements that direct excision, suggesting that chromosome fragmentation systems have evolved multiple times and/or have been significantly altered during ciliate evolution. We propose a two-stage model for the evolution of the current ciliate systems, with both stages involving repetitive or transposable elements in the genome. The ancestral form of chromosome fragmentation is proposed to have been derived from the ciliate small RNA/chromatin modification process that removes transposons and other repetitive elements from the macronuclear genome during development. The evolution of this ancestral system is suggested to have potentiated its replacement in some ciliate lineages by subsequent fragmentation systems derived from mobile genetic elements.
The impact of three carbapenems at a single-day dose on intestinal colonization resistance against carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kuang Huan , Yang Yongqiang , Luo Huan , Lv Xiaoju
Published: November 2023

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in providing colonization resistance against multi-drug resistant organisms including carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP). However, the impact of different carbapenems on intestinal colonization resistance against CRKP remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three commonly used carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem, and ertapenem) administered at single-day doses, which are typically employed in emergency departments for managing infected patients, on CRKP gut colonization. We conducted experiments in mice by intravenously administering each carbapenem using human-simulated one-day regimens. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing before and after carbapenem administration. Our results revealed that all three carbapenems, when administered at a single-day dose significantly altered the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota, leading to compromised colonization resistance against CRKP. Notably, the ertapenem and imipenem groups showed an increase in
Allobaculum
,
Bifidobacterium
,
Enterobacteriaceae
, while the meropenem and imipenem groups exhibited a decrease in
Ruminococcaceae
, S24-7, and
Akkermania
. Additionally, the Shannon index exhibited a negative correlation with both the number of days of CRKP colonization CFUs and the duration of bacteria shedding. Furthermore, the count of CRKP in mice after ertapenem administration on the first day and the duration of CRKP shedding were significantly lower compared to meropenem and imipenem. Predictive metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that the three carbapenems similarly affected a range of metabolic pathways of gut microflora, including carbohydrate metabolism and vitamin B. Our findings emphasize that ertapenem, with its relatively narrow spectrum, minimizes perturbations of the gut microbiota and has a relatively less impact on gut colonization resistance against CRKP.

IMPORTANCE

The intestinal colonization of carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP) is an important source of clinical infection. Our research showed that even single-day dose use of carbapenems caused CRKP colonization and continuous bacterial shedding, which reminds clinical doctors to prescribe carbapenems cautiously. Whenever possible, ertapenem should be the preferred choice over other carbapenems especially when the identified or highly suspected pathogens can be effectively targeted by ertapenem.
Germanium-rich nanoparticles in Cu-poor sphalerite: A new mechanism for Ge enrichment
Authors: Sun Guotao , Zhou Jia-xi , Cugerone Alexandre , Zhou Mei-fu , Zhou Lingli
Published: November 2023

Germanium (Ge) is a critical raw material used in high-technology industry (i.e., optical industry) applications, and it is predominantly concentrated in coals and Zn-rich deposits. Previous studies on Zn-rich deposits have documented a correlation between Ge enrichment and the Cu, Ag, and/or Pb-Mn contents in the sphalerite crystal lattice. In this study, we observed Ge-rich nanoparticles hosted in Cu-poor sphalerite from the Banbianjie Zn-Ge deposit (>800 t graded at ~100 ppm Ge), located in southwest China. Laser-ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) analyses revealed that sphalerite contains very heterogeneous Ge contents (172–1553 ppm). Germanium contents showed positive correlations with Fe, Mn, and Pb contents and negative correlations with Cd contents. Higher Ge contents were detected in the darker zones, whereas the lighter zones showed systematically low Ge contents and were enriched in Cd. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zn-Ge-Pb-S nanoparticles were identified in the darker zones of sphalerite. These nanoparticles exhibited Ge/Pb ratios (0.48–1.96) very similar to those measured in sphalerite (0.36–2.04), suggesting that Ge could be essentially hosted within the nanoparticles. We propose that the amounts of Zn-Ge-Pb-S nanoparticles are related to a self-organization model induced by rapid crystal growth. This self-organization processes may control the fluctuations of element concentrations in the boundary layer. This study highlights the importance of studying the nanoscale expression of critical elements to understand their incorporation mechanisms into natural materials.
Erratum to: Age and Isotope-Geochemical Characteristics of Ta, Nb, W, Sn Mineralization Associated with Rare-Metal Granites (Khangilay Ore District, Eastern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Badanina E. V. , Syritso L. F. , Ivanova A. A. , Rizvanova N. G.
Published: November 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591123340015
Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5.5 years in Dutch preterm infants born at 24–26 weeks’ gestational age: the EPI-DAF study
Authors: van Beek Pauline E , Rijken Monique , Broeders Lisa , ter Horst Hendrik J , Koopman-Esseboom Corine , de Kort Ellen , Laarman A R C , Mulder - de Tollenaer S M , Steiner Katerina , Swarte Renate M C , van Westering-Kroon Elke , Oei Guid , Leemhuis Aleid G , Andriessen Peter
Published: November 2023

Objective

After lowering the Dutch threshold for active treatment from 25 to 24 completed weeks’ gestation, survival to discharge increased by 10% in extremely preterm live born infants. Now that this guideline has been implemented, an accurate description of neurodevelopmental outcome at school age is needed.

Design

Population-based cohort study.

Setting

All neonatal intensive care units in the Netherlands.

Patients

All infants born between 240/7and 266/7weeks’ gestation who were 5.5 years’ corrected age (CA) in 2018–2020 were included.

Main outcome measures

Main outcome measure was neurodevelopmental outcome at 5.5 years. Neurodevelopmental outcome was a composite outcome defined as none, mild or moderate-to-severe impairment (further defined as neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI)), using corrected cognitive score (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Scale-III-NL), neurological examination and neurosensory function. Additionally, motor score (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2-NL) was assessed. All assessments were done as part of the nationwide, standardised follow-up programme.

Results

In the 3-year period, a total of 632 infants survived to 5.5 years’ CA. Data were available for 484 infants (77%). At 5.5 years’ CA, most cognitive and motor (sub)scales were significantly lower compared with the normative mean. Overall, 46% had no impairment, 36% had mild impairment and 18% had NDI. NDI-free survival was 30%, 49% and 67% in live born children at 24, 25 and 26 weeks’ gestation, respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusions

After lowering the threshold for supporting active treatment from 25 to 24 completed weeks’ gestation, a considerable proportion of the surviving extremely preterm children did not have any impairment at 5.5 years’ CA.
Evolution of the Sarnat exam and association with 2-year outcomes in infants with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a secondary analysis of the HEAL Trial
Authors: Mietzsch Ulrike , Kolnik Sarah E , Wood Thomas Ragnar , Natarajan Niranjana , Gonzalez Fernando F , Glass Hannah , Mayock Dennis E , Bonifacio Sonia L , Van Meurs Krisa , Comstock Bryan A , Heagerty Patrick J , Wu Tai-Wei , Wu Yvonne W , Juul Sandra E
Published: November 2023

Objective

To study the association between the Sarnat exam (SE) performed before and after therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and outcomes at 2 years in infants with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Design

Secondary analysis of theHigh-doseErythropoietin forAsphyxia and EncephaLopathy Trial. Adjusted ORs (aORs) for death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) based on SE severity category and change in category were constructed, adjusting for sedation at time of exam. Absolute SE Score and its change were compared for association with risk for death or NDI using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing curves.

Setting

Randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicentre trial including 17 centres across the USA.

Patients

479/500 enrolled neonates who had both a qualifying SE (qSE) before TH and a SE after rewarming (rSE).

Interventions

Standardised SE was used across sites before and after TH. All providers underwent standardised SE training.

Main outcome measures

Primary outcome was defined as the composite outcome of death or any NDI at 22–36 months.

Results

Both qSE and rSE were associated with the primary outcome. Notably, an aOR for primary outcome of 6.2 (95% CI 3.1 to 12.6) and 50.3 (95% CI 13.3 to 190) was seen in those with moderate and severe encephalopathy on rSE, respectively. Persistent or worsened severity on rSE was associated with higher odds for primary outcome compared with those who improved, even when qSE was severe.

Conclusion

Both rSE and change between qSE and rSE were strongly associated with the odds of death/NDI at 22–36 months in infants with moderate or severe HIE.
Encephalomyeloradiculitis after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Hoshina Yoji , Takeuchi Takashi
Published: November 2023

A woman in her 20s presented with ascending weakness and paraesthesia along with flu-like symptoms. Neurological examination revealed right facial numbness along V2 distribution and flaccidity in her lower extremities, with a motor power of 0/5 throughout. The T4 sensory level and bilaterally positive Babinski sign were noted. Brain MRI revealed multiple bilateral T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense lesions with central enhancement involving the right trigeminal nerve. Full spine MRI demonstrated long-segment thoracic cord demyelination extending from T1 to T11 and nerve root enhancement. An extensive workup for infectious and autoimmune aetiologies was conducted, which revealed a positive COVID-19 result. The patient was diagnosed with encephalomyeloradiculitis secondary to COVID-19 infection. Encephalomyeloradiculitis is a rare neurological condition associated with various underlying conditions. Understanding the causes and differentiating these conditions is essential for appropriate treatment.
Palliative care interventions for patients with head and neck cancer: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Ratnasekera Nadisha , Fazelzad Rouhi , Bagnarol Rebecca , Cunha Vanessa , Zimmermann Camilla , Lau Jenny
Published: November 2023

Introduction

A head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis significantly impacts a patient’s quality of life (QOL). Palliative care potentially improves their QOL. We will conduct a scoping review to identify existing knowledge about palliative care interventions for patients with HNC.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review was designed in accordance with the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis: Scoping Reviews and will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Our eligibility criteria follow the Population, Intervention, Comparison or Control, Outcomes and Study characteristics framework. The population is adult patients with locally advanced, metastatic, unresectable and/or recurrent HNC. We include peer-reviewed journal articles and articles in the press, in English, reporting on palliative care interventions with at least two of the eight National Consensus Project on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care domains; studies with and without comparators will be included. The outcomes are patient QOL (primary) and symptom severity, patients’ satisfaction with care, patients’ mood, advance care planning and place of death (secondary). We developed a search strategy across ten databases, to be searched from the inception to 11 September 2023: Medline ALL (Medline and EPub Ahead of Print and In-Process, In-Data-Review & Other Non-Indexed Citations), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase Classic+Embase, Emcare and PsycINFO all from the OvidSP platform; CINAHL from EBSCOhost, Scopus from Elsevier, Web of Science from Clarivate and Global Index Medicus from WHO. We will extract data using a piloted data form and analyse the data through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not needed for a scoping review. We will disseminate the findings to healthcare providers and policy-makers by publishing the results in a scientific journal.
Clinical and genetic spectrum ofRNF216-related disorder: a new case and literature review
Authors: Wu Chujun , Zhang Zaiqiang
Published: November 2023

Background

Cases ofRNF216-related disorder have been reported sporadically. However, the clinical and genetic spectrum of this disorder has not been fully studied.

Methods

We identified an individual with a novel causativeRNF216variant in our institution and reviewed all individuals with causativeRNF216variants in previous reports. The clinical and genetic features of all the described individuals were analysed and summarised.

Results

Twenty-four individuals from 17 families with causativeRNF216variants were identified. The mean age at the onset of neurological symptoms was 29.2 years (range 18–49 years). Ataxia (57%) was the most frequent initial symptoms in individuals under 30 years old, while chorea (63%) was the most frequent initial symptom in individuals over 30 years old. Over 90% of individuals presented with cognitive impairment and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism throughout the disease. White matter lesions (96%) and cerebellar atrophy (92%) were the most common imaging findings. Twenty pathogenic variants inRNF216were detected. The variants in 12 (71%) families were inherited in a monogenic recessive pattern, whereas the variants in 5 (29%) were inherited in a digenic pattern by acting with variants in other genes. The majority of theRNF216variants (85%) resulted in amino acid changes or the truncation of the ‘RING between RING’ (RBR) domain or C-terminal extension.

Conclusion

RNF216-related disorder is an inherited neuroendocrine disease characterised by cerebellar ataxia, chorea, cognitive impairment and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Most causative variants in patients withRNF216-related disorder influence the RBR domain or C-terminal extension of RNF216.
Histone H4 asymmetrically dimethylated at arginine 3 (H4R3me2a), a mark of super-enhancers
Authors: Sudhakar Sadhana R.N. , Wu Li , Patel Shrinal , Zovoilis Athanasios , Davie James R.
Published: November 2023

Histone H4 asymmetrically dimethylated at arginine 3 (H4R3me2a) is an active histone mark catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), a major arginine methyltransferase in vertebrates catalyzing asymmetric dimethylation of arginine. H4R3me2a stimulates the activity of lysine acetyltransferases such as CBP/p300, which catalyze the acetylation of H3K27, a mark of active enhancers, super-enhancers, and promoters. There are a few studies on the genomic location of H4R3me2a. In chicken polychromatic erythrocytes, H4R3me2a is found in introns and intergenic regions and binds to the globin locus control region (a super-enhancer) and globin regulatory regions. In this report, we analyzed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data for the genomic location of H4R3me2a in the breast cancer cell line MCF7. As in avian cells, MCF7 H4R3me2a is present in intronic and intergenic regions. Nucleosomes with H4R3me2a and H3K27ac next to nucleosome-free regions are found at super-enhancers, enhancers, and promoter regions of expressed genes. Genes with critical roles in breast cancer cells have broad domains of nucleosomes with H4R3me2a, H3K27ac, and H3K4me3. Our results are consistent with PRMT1-mediated H4R3me2a playing a key role in the chromatin organization of regulatory regions of vertebrate genomes.
Measurement of jet production in deep inelastic scattering and NNLO determination of the strong coupling at ZEUS
Authors: Abt I. , Aggarwal R. , Aushev V. , Behnke O. , Bertolin A. , Bloch I. , Brock I. , Brook N. H. , Brugnera R. , Bruni A. , Bussey P. J. , Caldwell A. , Catterall C. D. , Chwastowski J. , Ciborowski J. , Ciesielski R. , Cooper-Sarkar A. M. , Corradi M. , Dementiev R. K. , Dusini S. , Ferrando J. , Foster B. , Gallo E. , Gangadharan D. , Garfagnini A. , Geiser A. , Grzelak G. , Gwenlan C. , Hochman D. , Jomhari N. Z. , Kadenko I. , Karshon U. , Kaur P. , Klanner R. , Klein U. , Korzhavina I. A. , Kovalchuk N. , Kuze M. , Levchenko B. B. , Levy A. , Löhr B. , Lohrmann E. , Longhin A. , Lorkowski F. , Lunghi E. , Makarenko I. , Malka J. , Masciocchi S. , Nagano K. , Nam J. D. , Onishchuk Yu. , Paul E. , Pidhurskyi I. , Polini A. , Przybycień M. , Quintero A. , Ruspa M. , Schneekloth U. , Schörner-Sadenius T. , Selyuzhenkov I. , Shchedrolosiev M. , Shcheglova L. M. , Sherrill N. , Skillicorn I. O. , Słomiński W. , Solano A. , Stanco L. , Stefaniuk N. , Surrow B. , Tokushuku K. , Turkot O. , Tymieniecka T. , Verbytskyi A. , Wan Abdullah W. A. T. , Wichmann K. , Wing M. , Yamada S. , Yamazaki Y. , Żarnecki A. F. , Zenaiev O. ,   ZEUS Collaboration
Published: November 2023

A new measurement of inclusive-jet cross sections in the Breit frame in neutral current deep inelastic scattering using the ZEUS detector at the HERA collider is presented. The data were taken in the years 2004–2007 at a centre-of-mass energy of $$318\,\,\textrm{GeV}$$

318

GeV

and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $$347\,\,\textrm{pb}^{-1}$$

347

pb

-
1

. The jets were reconstructed using the $$k_t$$

k
t

-algorithm in the Breit reference frame. They have been measured as a function of the squared momentum transfer, $$Q^2$$

Q
2

, and the transverse momentum of the jets in the Breit frame, $$p_{\perp ,\text {Breit}}$$

p

⊥
,
Breit

. The measured jet cross sections are compared to previous measurements and to perturbative QCD predictions. The measurement has been used in a next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD analysis to perform a simultaneous determination of parton distribution functions of the proton and the strong coupling, resulting in a value of $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2) = 0.1142 \pm 0.0017 \text {~(experimental/fit)}$$

α
s

(

M
Z
2

)

=
0.1142
±
0.0017

(experimental/fit)

$${}_{-0.0007}^{+0.0006} \text {~(model/parameterisation)}$$

-
0.0007

+
0.0006

(model/parameterisation)

$${}_{-0.0004}^{+0.0006} \text {~(scale)}$$

-
0.0004

+
0.0006

(scale)

, whose accuracy is improved compared to similar measurements. In addition, the running of the strong coupling is demonstrated using data obtained at different scales.
Stability of tracking wheel mobile robot with teleoperation fuzzy neural network control system
Authors: Sumathi C. S. , Ravi Kumar R. , Anandhi V.
Published: November 2023

The stability of the Tracking Wheel Mobile Robot with Teleoperation System and Path Following Method is discussed in this study. The path is to be tracked by the host computer which is the master robot. The response from the robot is captured on camera. As the slave robot approaches the target position, the camera captures the response robot’s position and as well as moving trajectory. The host computer receives all of the images, enabling mobile robot deviation recoveries. The slave robot can use teleoperation to follow the sensor based on the decisions made by the master robot. The Lyapunov function in the Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) control structure assures the system’s stability and satisfactory performance. It supports a mobile robot’s ability to adhere to a reference trajectory without deviating from it. Finally, the outcome of the simulation demonstrates that our controller is capable of tracking different environmental conditions and maintaining stability.
Disingquandles and invariants of dichromatic singular links
Authors: Sheikh Mohd Ibrahim , Elhamdadi Mohamed , Ali Danish
Published: November 2023

We introduce and investigate dichromatic singular links. We also construct disingquandles and use them to define counting invariants for unoriented dichromatic singular links. We provide some examples to show that these invariants distinguish some dichromatic singular links.
MEHRAN SHOE CENTER: A FAMILY SAGA
Authors: Aisha Rabail , Mirani Manzoor Ali , Qureshi Naveed Akhtar , Channa Nisar Ahmed
Published: November 2023

This case describes a family conflict between father and sons because of a newly established business. This case helps students to understand the entrepreneurial skills, competencies and orientations required to launch a business. Haseeb, a fresh graduate, is struggling to get a suitable job but unfortunately, he is unable to find a job. His father, Mr. Murad, was worried and asked his eldest son Waheed to take a bank loan to establish a new business for Haseeb. Initially, Murad was very active in all business affairs himself and Haseeb did not take it seriously and learn anything from his father. After some time, his health started declining and he distanced himself from business and handed over the business to Haseeb, who due to lack of experience and management skills could not manage the business in a proper way. Loans were not repaid on time, there arise issues in the family regarding the business and payment of the loan and eventually, it was decided to shut down the business and sell out the business assets to pay the loan.
Embedding Knödel Graph into Cube-like Architectures: Dilation Optimization and Wirelength Analysis
Authors: Reji Remi Mariam , Sundara Rajan R. , Rajalaxmi T. M.
Published: November 2023

An important tool for the execution of parallel algorithms and the simulation of interconnection networks is graph embedding. The quality of an embedding can be assessed using some cost metrics. The dilation and wirelength are the commonly used parameters. The Knödel graph [Formula: see text] is a minimum linear gossip network and has minimum broadcasting. It has [Formula: see text] vertices, [Formula: see text] edges, where [Formula: see text] is even, and [Formula: see text]log[Formula: see text]. In this study, we solve the dilation problem of embedding the Knödel graph into certain cube-like architectures such as hypercube, folded hypercube, and augmented cube. In [G. Fertin, A. Raspaud, A survey on Knödel graphs, Discrete Applied Mathematics 137 (2004) 173–195], it is proved that the dilation of embedding the Knödel graph [Formula: see text] into the hypercube [Formula: see text] is at most [Formula: see text]. In this study, we obtain an improved upper bound for dilation of embedding the Knödel graph into the hypercube and it is equal to [Formula: see text]. Also, we calculate the wirelength of embedding the Knödel graph into the above-said cube-like architectures using dilation.
The test-induced warm-up effect on hamstring flexibility tests
Authors: Lim Wootaek
Published: November 2023

Background: Although the effect of active warm-up (WU) on acute flexibility enhancement is well documented, the test-induced WU effect in muscle length test has not been widely studied.

Objective: This study aimed to verify the test-induced WU effect on hamstring flexibility tests.

Methods: The active knee extension (AKE) was performed using the right leg, whereas the straight leg raise (SLR) was performed using the left leg. Ten trials of AKE or SLR were performed: two as the pre-intervention trials (Pre); six as the WU intervention; and another two trials as the post-intervention (Post). During WU, subjects in the WO-Hold group performed six trials of the AKE or SLR without hold, and those in the W-Hold group performed six trials of the AKE or SLR with a 5[Formula: see text]s hold.

Results: A significant difference was noted between Pre-AKE and Post-AKE, and between Pre-SLR and Post-SLR, respectively, in both the groups. The effect of WU is clear when performing consecutive AKE or SLR without any additional hold.

Conclusion: Practitioners should be cautious in interpreting the testing result to avoid overestimation of the treatment effect since the test itself may induce substantial WU effect to the target tissues.
Synthesis, Growth and Characterization of L-Glycine Glycinium Hydrochloride Monohydrate Crystals: A New Nonlinear Optical Material
Authors: Sudhakar C. , Jothi L.
Published: November 2023

L-Glycine Glycinium Hydrochloride Monohydrate (L-GGHCM), a new second-order nonlinear optical crystal, was produced using the slow evaporation process with double distilled water as a solvent. Powder XRD analysis was completed in order to identify the crystallinity sample. In the orthorhombic system with space group P[Formula: see text], L-GGHCM expands in accordance with structural improvement. A single crystal XRD analysis discovered the extended framework architecture of L-GGHCM, a self-assembly process involving short-range and directed bonds, among many other interactions. The optical quality and transmission of the synthesized crystal were determined using UV–visible and fluorescence spectrum analysis. The effectiveness of L-GGHCM’s second harmonic generation is roughly 1.7 times compared to a standard potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate sample. Thermal analysis is used to study a material’s thermal stability and internal decomposition. L-glycine glycinium hydrochloride monohydrate crystal is shown to have good thermal stability.
50 Years of the South Korea–India Relationship: Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: KIM CHANWAHN , KUMAR RAJIV
Published: November 2023

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea (hereafter referred to as Korea) and India in 1973, their bilateral relationship has made significant progress. This year marks the 50th anniversary of their diplomatic partnership, which calls for a scholarly examination of the developments in Korea-India relations over the last five decades, and their future prospects. This special issue’s introductory paper provides a concise overview of the evolution of Korea–India relationships and introduces the other papers in the issue, emphasizing their significance in understanding the trajectory of the relationships. The primary goal of this introductory paper is to make two contributions: First, it aims to enrich the existing literature on India–Korea relations; and second, it provides key insights for policymakers to strengthen India–Korea ties in a new global order.
Heated fibre-optic cable installed in compacted bentonite layers: numerical evaluation of influences of the compaction-induced variability on thermal conductivity estimation
Authors: Sakaki Toshihiro
Published: November 2023

Active heating of fibre-optic (FO) cable combined with distributed temperature sensing has been applied as a quality control tool for emplacing granulated bentonite buffer. For calibrating the tool, the FO cable is installed in specimens with known dry densities. Layer-by-layer compaction is often employed to prepare the specimens. Although the average dry density is guaranteed, some studies report possible variations in the dry density within a layer. In this study, heat transfer from a heated FO cable installed in granulated bentonite with different compaction-induced variabilities was numerically simulated. The reference case used homogeneous bentonite with an average dry density of 1.5 g cm
−3
. For three other cases the granulated bentonite was filled in two, three and four layers, respectively, each of which had a distinct dry density gradient ranging from 1.3 to 1.7 g cm
−3
. For each case, the FO cable placed at the centre of the container was numerically heated, and the thermal conductivity was calculated using temperature changes. In the cases where the FO cable was placed on the layer interface at which the dry density was discontinuous, the calculated apparent thermal conductivity was found to have been underestimated with an error of as much as 4%. In the other two cases, the thermal conductivities obtained were nearly identical to those corresponding to the average dry density. The influence of the compaction-induced variability in the dry density was found to be insignificant and the estimated thermal conductivity was essentially that of the bentonite represented by its average dry density.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Sustainable geological disposal and containment of radioactive waste collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/radioactive
Protecting Privacy in Digital Records: The Potential of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies
Authors: Lemieux Victoria L. , Werner John
Published: November 2023

With increased concerns about data protection and privacy over the past several years, and concomitant introduction of regulations restricting access to personal information (PI), archivists in many jurisdictions now must undertake ‘sensitivity reviews’ of archival documents to determine whether they can make those documents accessible to researchers. Such reviews are onerous given increasing volume of records and complex due to how difficult it can be for archivists to identify whether records contain PI under the provisions of various laws. Despite research into the application of tools and techniques to automate sensitivity reviews, effective solutions remain elusive. Not yet explored as a solution to the challenge of enabling access to archival holdings subject to privacy restrictions is the application of privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) —a class of emerging technologies that rest on the assumption that a body of documents is confidential or private and must remain so. While seemingly being counterintuitive to apply PETs to making archives more accessible, we argue that PETs could provide an opportunity to protect PI in archival holdings whilst still enabling research on those holdings. In this article, to lay a foundation for archival experimentation with use of PETs, we contribute an overview of these technologies based on a scoping review and discuss possible use cases and future research directions.